bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of ambulatory blood pressure variability with coronary artery calcium
Authors: DeBarmore Bailey , Lin Feng‐Chang , Tuttle Laura A. , Olsson Emily , Hinderliter Alan , Klein Jeffrey L. , Viera Anthony J.
Published: January 2018

Blood pressure (BP) variability is associated with progression to clinical atherosclerosis. The evidence is inconclusive if BP variability predicts cardiovascular outcomes in low‐risk populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of 24‐hour BP variability with coronary artery calcium (CAC) among a group of individuals without coronary artery disease. The Masked Hypertension Study targeted patients with borderline high BP (120−149 mm Hg systolic and/or 80‐95 mm Hg diastolic). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed at two time‐points, 8 days apart. CAC was measured at exit visit via cardiac CT and reported as Agatston Score. Weighted standard deviations and average real variability were calculated from ABPM. Of the 322 participants who underwent cardiac CT, 26% (84) had CAC present, 52% (168) were female, and 21% (64) were black. BP variability did not differ by CAC group. In this low cardiovascular risk group, CAC was not associated with 24‐hour ambulatory BP variability.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of white‐coat and masked hypertension: Analysis of a large ambulatory blood pressure database
Authors: Tocci Giuliano , Presta Vivianne , Figliuzzi Ilaria , Attalla El Halabieh Nadia , Battistoni Allegra , Coluccia Roberta , D'Agostino Michela , Ferrucci Andrea , Volpe Massimo
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and clinical outcomes of the following clinical conditions: normotension (NT; clinic BP < 140/90 mm Hg; 24‐hour BP < 130/80 mm Hg), white‐coat hypertension (WCHT; clinic BP ≥ 140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg; 24‐hour BP < 130/80 mm Hg), masked hypertension (MHT; clinic BP < 140/90 mm Hg; 24‐hour BP ≥ 130 and/or ≥80 mm Hg), and sustained hypertension (SHT; clinic BP ≥ 140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg; 24‐hour BP ≥ 130 and/or ≥80 mm Hg) in a large cohort of adult untreated individuals. Systematic research throughout the medical database of Regione Lazio (Italy) was performed to estimate incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and hospitalizations for HT and heart failure (HF). Among a total study sample of 2209 outpatients, 377 (17.1%) had NT, 351 (15.9%) had WCHT, 149 (6.7%) had MHT, and 1332 had (60.3%) SHT. During an average follow‐up of 120.1 ± 73.9 months, WCHT was associated with increased risk of hospitalization for HT (OR 95% CI: 1.927 [1.233‐3.013]; P = .04) and HF (OR 95% CI: 3.449 [1.321‐9.007]; P = .011). MHT was associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 95% CI: 5.062 [2.218‐11.550]; P < .001), hospitalization for HT (OR 95% CI: 2.553 [1.446‐4.508]; P = .001), and for HF (OR 95% CI: 4.214 [1.449‐12.249]; P = .008). These effects remained statistically significant event after corrections for confounding factors including age, BMI, gender, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and presence of antihypertensive therapies.
Identification of Sox6 as a regulator of pancreatic cancer development
Authors: Jiang Weiliang , Yuan Qiongying , Jiang Yuanye , huang Li , Chen Congying , Hu Guoyong , Wan Rong , Wang Xingpeng , Yang Lijuan
Published: January 2018

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and low responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most patients with PC have metastatic disease at diagnosis, which partly accounts for the high mortality from this disease. Here, we explored the role of the transcription factor sex‐determining region Y‐box (Sox) 6 in the invasiveness of PC cells. We showed that Sox6 is down‐regulated in patients with PC in association with metastatic disease. Sox6 overexpression suppressed PC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumour growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Sox6 inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and Akt signalling. Sox6 was shown to interact with the promoter of Twist1, a helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in the induction of EMT, and to modulate the expression of Twist1 by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to the promoter of the Twist1 gene. Twist1 overexpression reversed the effect of Sox6 on inhibiting EMT, confirming that the effect of Sox6 on suppressing tumour invasiveness is mediated by the modulation of Twist1 expression. These results suggest a novel mechanism underlying the aggressive behaviour of PC cells and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PC.
Translucency and masking properties of two ceramic materials for heat‐press technology
Authors: Șoim Alexandra , Strîmbu Maria , Burde Alexandru V. , Culic Bogdan , Dudea Diana , Gasparik Cristina
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To assess the translucency of two pressable ceramics and to analyze their masking property when placed on different tooth‐shaded backgrounds.

Materials and methods

Thirty discs (1‐mm thickness) were fabricated using two pressable ceramics (shade/translucency): 1M1T/HT, 1M2T/HT, 2M2T (VITA PM9), and A1LT/HT, B1LT/HT, A2LT (e.max Press). Color measurements of discs were performed with a dental spectrophotometer on tooth‐colored backgrounds (A1/A2/A3/A3.5/A4), and black and white backings. The masking property was calculated as the color difference (CIEDE2000) between parameters of discs on control (A1, A2) and test backgrounds (A3, A3.5, A4). One‐way ANOVA was used for assessing differences in translucency parameter (TP) between ceramics. Two‐way ANOVA was used for detecting differences among groups when measured over tooth‐shaded backgrounds (α = 0.05, Bonferroni correction).

Results

TP ranged between 14.96 (B1LT) and 25.18 (1M1HT). A significant difference in TP was found between tested ceramics (F = 949.949, P < .001). However, TP did not vary significantly between 1M1HT and 1M2HT (P > .05), 1M1T, A1HT and B1HT (P > .05), 1M2T, 2M2T, and A2HT (P > .05). A significant interaction effect of underlying background on color of ceramic discs was found (F = 107.994, P < .001).

Conclusion

VITA PM9 demonstrated higher translucency than e.max Press ceramics. Except A1LT, all ceramic materials evaluated showed poor masking properties on A4 background.

Clinical Significance

Highly translucent ceramics should be wisely used for restoring the appearance of dental structures since background color has a large effect upon these materials. The more recently introduced pressable ceramics showed high levels of translucency.
Management of pregnancy complicated with intracranial arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Katsuragi Shinji , Yoshimatsu Jun , Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Nii Masafumi , Miyoshi Takekazu , Neki Reiko , Toyoda Kazunori , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Takahashi Jun C. , Fukuda Kenji , Hamano Eika , Satow Tetsu , Miyamoto Susumu , Iihara Koji , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: January 2018

Aim

To clarify the perinatal outcomes in pregnancy complicated with intracranial arteriovenous malformation (i‐AVM).

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in 36 pregnancies complicated by i‐AVM from 1981 to 2013 at one institution.

Results

In total, 6 women miscarried, and 30 had live births. The median (range) gestational age at delivery was 38 (24–40) weeks; 11 cases experienced initial i‐AVM rupture during pregnancy (first, second and third trimester: 18%, 64% and 18%, respectively). At onset, 4 cases had a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤10, 10 cases needed emergency maternal transport, 4 underwent neurosurgery with the fetus in utero and 4 had termination of pregnancy in the second trimester for emergent treatment for i‐AVM. Two cases delivered vaginally. Another 25 cases had already been diagnosed as i‐AVM at conception. Of these, as an indication for epidural birth, 18 cases had either residual lesion of i‐AVM or neurological symptoms, although 18 cases had received treatments of i‐AVM before conception. Without rupture of i‐AVM and worsening of symptoms, 15 cases succeeded in epidural birth. One case was delivered by cesarean section for residual i‐AVM with indication of treatment. Another case who had refused treatment of i‐AVM experienced rupture of i‐AVM 1 year after delivery.

Conclusion

Most of the cases with residual i‐AVM lesion and neurological symptoms could deliver vaginally without worsening of symptoms. However, pregnancy with i‐AVM can be complicated by rupture of i‐AVM. In cases with a residual lesion with indication of treatment and rupture of i‐AVM during pregnancy, meticulous care is required during pregnancy and after delivery.
Development and evaluation of brochures for fall prevention education created to empower nursing home residents and family members
Authors: Schoberer Daniela , Eglseer Doris , Halfens Ruud J.G. , Lohrmann Christa
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectives

In this study, we describe the development of evidence‐ and theory‐based fall prevention educational material and its evaluation from the users’ perspectives.

Background

To reduce risk factors for falling in nursing homes, nursing staff must enact multifactorial fall prevention intervention programmes. A core component of these programmes is to educate residents and their family members, both verbally and in a written form. However, users can only benefit from educational material if it is based on current scientific evidence, easy to understand and process and customised.

Design

We followed a structured procedure during the development process, while considering various aspect of quality. To assess the understandability and usefulness of the resulting educational materials, we conducted a qualitative content analysis study.

Methods

The educational materials development process incorporated several iterative steps including a systematic literature search and the application of frameworks for designing and writing the materials. To evaluate the material, we performed six focus group discussions separately with residents, family members and nursing staff from two nursing homes (total of 32 participants).

Results

Residents’ brochures included clear information on avoiding external risks as well as coping strategies after a fall event. Family members’ brochures were more comprehensive, including both concrete tips and outlining the advantages and disadvantages of interventions. Residents and family members had no difficulties understanding the material and tried to apply the content to their individual situations. Nursing staff commented on some ambiguities and incongruities relating to current nursing care practice.

Conclusions

By involving users in the development of evidence‐based educational materials, nursing staff can achieve a high acceptance rate for the materials and motivate users to address the topic.

Implications for practice

The involvement of users is essential for developing educational material that meets users’ needs. Educational material should be used as part of an overall strategy to educate residents and family members in nursing homes.
The Investigation of the Motor Skills of "U" Kategories Soccer Players Who Have Recreative Involvement in Other Sports
Authors: Göksu Ömer Can , Yüksek Selami , Ölmez Cengiz
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effects of sports activities other than soccer on 10-15-year-old soccer players’ motor skills. The sample included 146 registered soccer players in the U category (U10-U15) of the Turkish Football Federation’s Aslantepe, Çeliktepe and Seyrantepe clubs. The players participated in this study on a voluntary basis. The players who participated in the study were divided into two age categories (10-12 and 13-15 years) and two groups, those who only played soccer (OS) and those involved in soccer and other sports (SAO). The study recorded the sociodemographic characteristics of the athletes, the sports they were interested in other than soccer, the weekly time they spent in different sports activities and the number of soccer training sessions they attended each week. The measurements for the study were completed in the first week of the preparation period at the beginning of the soccer season. All the participants were subjected to tests for speed, agility, horizontal jumping, endurance, and the motor tests that measured balance parameters, all of which are important for soccer. The study data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. The study used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine whether the data had normal distributions. The parameters with normal distributions were analyzed using the t-test, while those without normal distributions were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The threshold for statistical significance was p<0.05. Analysis of the data showed that there were statistically significant (p<0.05) differences between the motor skills test results of the players in SAO group and those in the OS group. Thus, having children get interested in multiple sports at a young age instead of only one, and including forms of play that feature the fundamental skills of different sports in their training programs will positively contribute to the development of their motor skills and improve their performance.
Explaining the Impact of Disabled Children’ Engagement with Physical Activity on Their Parents’ Smartphone Addiction Levels: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Gündoğdu Cemal , Aygün Yalın , Ilkım Mehmet , Tüfekçi Şakir
Published: January 2018

In this research, quantitative findings and qualitative follow-up themes were used to quantify, conceptualize and finally try to explain the impact of disabled children’ engagement with physical activity on their parents’ smartphone addiction levels. An initial phase of quantitative investigation was conducted with 116 parents. Analyses of statistical trends indicated that male parents use smartphones more often than female. Furthermore, quantitizing data towards parents’ smartphone addiction showed that parents watching their disabled children during physical activity exhibit more smartphone-addicted behaviors than non-watching parents. Finally, data obtained from quantitative findings revealed that levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in more than 60 minutes of physical activity were greater than the levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in 60 minutes of physical activity. With no adequate theoretical explanation for these results, a follow-up explanations phase of qualitative investigation was conducted with 5 parents. Analyses of interview data emerged three themes: (a) Male dominance in smartphone use, (c) parents passive participation in physical activity with or without smartphones and (b) levels of smartphone addiction among parents in terms of duration of their children daily physical activity engagement.
Trends of Serious Games Research from 2007 to 2017: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Çiftci Serdar
Published: January 2018

This study examines the tendencies of studies carried out using text mining methods under the title of “serious game”. A query was run for the “serious game” keyword in the Web of Science search engine to acquire the data. The study included publications that were scanned in the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI and A&HCI indices between 2007-2017. Information could be acquired for a total of 1431 publications. Firstly, the obtained data were cleansed of erroneous and unnecessary information by way of a pre-process. According to the data set cleansed of errors, the total number of common citations was 12701, number of citations per publication was 8.88, whereas h-index was determined as 51. Analyses were carried out by examining all “serious games” publications on the basis of: year, author, journal/symposium name, keywords, research areas and common citation parameters. According to the results, there was a continuous increase over time in the number of publications and citations. Even though “serious games” is a topic that is frequently studied in the field of education technology studies in fields such as psychology, health care sciences, environmental sciences, ecology, public environmental occupational health, rehabilitation, business economics and psychiatry shows that “serious game” is also a popular topic for studies in different disciplines.
A Study on Somatotype Profiles of the Players in Turkish Bocce National Team
Authors: Eler Nebahat , Eler Serdar
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the differences between the somatotype profiles and inter-disciplinary somatotype profiles of the Turkish Bocce National Team players. In this study, the mean age of the Turkish Men’s Bocce National Team (n-32) was determined as 21,75±2,35 (years), mean height was 177,62±1,03 (cm), mean body weight was 70,75±0,70 (kg), mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22,31±1,06 kg/m2, mean body fat percentage was 16,05±1%. The mean age of the Turkish Women’s Bocce National Team (n-21) was 21,76±2,12 (years), mean height was 165,33±4,24 (cm), mean body weight 55,14±6,36 (kg), mean BMI was 23,22±1,06 kg/m2 mean body fat percentage was 16,05±1%. The Heath-Carter method was used in determining the somatotype profiles of the players. the The statistical analyses in the study were made by using the SPSS 20.0 package program. Somatotype profile in men was determined endomorphic 3,21±0,33; mesomorph 5,04±1,11; ectomorphic 2,20±0,18 as mesomorphic-endomorphic; in women, endomorphic 3,33±1,42; mesomorph 5,08±0,26; ectomorphic 2,07±0,09 as mesomorphic-endomorphic. In this study, the somatotype profiles of the Turkish Bocce National Team players were determined, and a statistically significant difference was detected between the volo and petanque-raffa disciplines in men and women (p<0,05). It is believed that this difference stems from the physical performance requiring more muscular force in volo discipline than the petanque and raffa disciplines. In this study, the somatotype components are similar in tennis players in volo men group and the archers, judo players and Water polo players of the other groups (Men-women petanque and raffa group, Women volo group).
Comparison of Solar Tracking and Fixed-Tilt Photovoltaic Modules in Lodz
Authors: Sawicka-Chudy Paulina , Sibiński Maciej , Cholewa Marian , Pawełek Ryszard
Published: January 2018

The world energy consumption has exhibited high growth over the last several decades. Alternative energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity, reduce pollution air, and have little environmental impact. The commonly used fixed-tilt solar panels, however, have low efficiency and high production cost. Thus, it takes a long time to obtain a return on the investment. Solar trackers increase the efficiency of PV systems and are therefore more attractive from a financial point of view. In order to design tracking systems that will be efficient, it is necessary to analyze the results during various periods during the year and over their lifespan. Thus, we performed a comparative study between fixed-tilt panels and the tracking system installed in Lodz, Poland. Fixed-tilt panels are at normal to the Earth's surface (90 deg from horizontal plane) and are attached to a building façade, azimuth 180 deg (S direction) with 15 cm ventilation gap so slight efficiency drop may be presumed. We performed short- and long-term analyses of the solar tracking and fixed-tilt systems, which allowed us to conclude that the panels tracking the sun had an additional gain of energy during the year as compared to the fixed-tilt panels. During some months, however, the solar tracking system did not produce as much energy as the fixed-tilt, vertically positioned panels. These results might be useful in designing and constructing solar tracking PV systems.
A Novel Cold Rotary Forging Method of Producing Multiple Racks Using One Set of Punch
Authors: Han Xinghui , Hu Yaxiong , Hua Lin
Published: January 2018

When producing racks by cold rotary forging, the top punch and the rack teeth definitely intervene and thus the top punch has to be amended, which makes the technical designing processes difficult and complex (Han et al., 2016, “Cold Orbital Forging of Gear Rack,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 117(10), pp. 227–242). In this study, a novel cold rotary forging method of producing racks is put forward to avoid the interventions between the top punch and the racks. Thus, the top punch need not be amended and the technical designing processes correspondingly become simple. In light of this presented method, a novel idea for cold rotary forging of producing multiple racks using one set of punch is motivated. The concrete researches are as follows: First, the mathematical models are developed and three kinds of key forging conditions in cold rotary forging of racks are calculated to avoid the interventions between the top punch and the racks. The first one is the condition that the top punch and the rack teeth do not intervene. The second one is the condition that the top punch and cylindrical surfaces of racks do not intervene. The third one is the condition that the top punch can be successfully constructed. On the basis of these three kinds of key forging conditions, the workpiece is optimized and the cold rotary forging processes of racks with constant and variable transmission ratio are examined using finite element (FE) simulations. The experimental researches are also conducted. The results show that for both racks with constant and variable transmission ratio, the obtained key forging conditions are effective and the presented cold rotary forging principles of producing multiple racks using one set of punch are feasible.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Cathodic Arc Ion Plated TiAlN and TiSiN Coatings at High Temperatures
Authors: Weicheng Kong , Hui Shen , Dejun Kong
Published: January 2018

TiAlN and TiSiN coatings were deposited on YT15 cemented carbide using a cathodic arc ion plating (CAIP). The surface-cross section morphologies, chemical elements, surface roughness, phases, and chemical valences of as-obtained coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, and the bonding strength, hardness and Young's modulus of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings were measured using a scratch tester and nano-indentation, respectively, and the wear mechanism at high temperatures was also discussed. The results show that the surface roughness of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is 69.1 and 58.0 nm, respectively, and the corresponding average particle size is 998.8 and 817.2 nm, respectively. The TiAlN coating is composed of TiAlN and AlN, while the TiSiN coating is composed of TiN and Si3N4. The bonding strength of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is 84.3 and 72.6 N, respectively, the hardness and Young's modulus of TiAlN coating is 23.67 and 415.80 GPa, respectively, while that of TiSiN coating is 20.46 and 350.40 GPa, respectively. The average coefficients of friction (COFs) of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings are 0.4516 and 0.4807, respectively; the corresponding wear rate is 589.7 × 10−6 and 4142.2 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 s−1, respectively; the wear mechanism of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is oxidation wear and abrasive wear.
Peel-and-Stick Sensors Powered by Directed Radio-Frequency Energy
Authors: Eric Schwartz David , Smith Clinton J. , Lee Joseph , Priya Gowri Shakthi , Daniel George , Lalau-Keraly Christopher , Baudenon Quentin , Saavedra J. R. M.
Published: January 2018

PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a low-cost system of peel-and-stick wireless sensors that will enable widespread building environmental sensor deployment with the potential to deliver up to 30% energy savings. The system is embodied by a set of radio-frequency (RF) hubs that provide power to automatically located sensor nodes and relay data wirelessly to the building management system (BMS). The sensor nodes are flexible electronic labels powered by rectified RF energy transmitted by the RF hub and can contain multiple printed and conventional sensors. The system design overcomes limitations in wireless sensors related to power delivery, lifetime, and cost by eliminating batteries and photovoltaic devices. Sensor localization is performed automatically by the inclusion of a programmable multidirectional antenna array in the RF hub. Comparison of signal strengths as the RF beam is swept allows for sensor localization, reducing installation effort and enabling automatic recommissioning of sensors that have been relocated. PARC has already demonstrated wireless power and temperature data transmission up to a distance of 20 m with 71 s between measurements, using power levels well within the Federal Communications Commission regulation limits in the 902–928 MHz industrial, medical and scientific (ISM) band. The sensor's RF energy harvesting antenna achieves high performance with dimensions of 5 cm × 9.5 cm.
What’s in a Citrus Fruit?
Authors: Kesterson J. W.
Published: January 2018

Part I: Fractionated Citrus Fruit Components of Twelve Major Florida Citrus Cultivars

At the 1978 Citrus Engineering Conference, Kesterson et al. (5, 6) presented data on the fractionated fruit components of Valencia orange and Marsh grapefruit. Also, the potential recoveries for a selected few by-products and specialty products were given for these two varities. For the past 18 years, the University of Florida has provided research facilities at the Lake Alfred Agricultural Research and Education Center’s (LA-AREC) processing and feed mill pilot plants to gather accurate information on the fractionated fruit components of the various citrus cultivars in order to establish residue tolerances (7). To accomplish this mission, weighted material balances have been made on 285 different lots of fruit. At the request of the citrus processors, these data are now being made available to the Florida Citrus Industry.

Paper published with permission.
The Economics of Using Mechanical Vapor Recompression Evaporators to Concentrate Orange Juice
Authors: Kelso Larry R. , Rowan Charles M. , Holladay Kenneth L.
Published: January 2018

Evaporators using Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) have been operating successfully in various food industries for several years. Growing concern over fuel availability and rising energy costs has created an interest in the feasibility of applying this technology to citrus processing. There are several problems, however, inherent to concentrating orange juice, which make the economical application of MVR evaporation difficult. These include the short processing season, appreciable boiling point rise of the concentrated juice, and the quality problems associated with long residence times and high temperatures. One possible approach is to operate the compressor under vaccum, use the MVR unit as a preconcentrator, and finish the concentration in a standard multiple-effect evaporator.

Two versions of this system, each with a different pre-concentration level, were compared to TASTE evaporators. An analysis showed that if the economy ratio, pounds of water evaporated per pound of steam, for the TASTE evaporator was greater than 3. 5, then the payback period for an MVR system would be greater than 6 years. As the economy ratio for the TASTE evaporator decreases, the payback for the MVR system improves.

Paper published with permission.
Results of Energy Audits Conducted in Various Citrus Plants During 1979–80
Authors: Holladay Kenneth L.
Published: January 2018

The majority of the energy consumed by citrus processors is used to produce concentrated citrus products. During the 1979–80 Florida citrus season, over 193 million boxes of fruit were processed into concentrate which required approximately 12 trillion Btu of energy, or an equivalent of 2 million barrels of oil. This equates to one barrel of oil consumed for every 100 boxes of fruit processed. Boilers used around 4.3 trillion Btu of this energy to generate approximately 3 billion lbs of steam, most of which was used to evaporate 8.7 billion lbs of water. In addition, feed mills consumed approximately 6.5 trillion Btu to produce over 870,000 tons of feed.

A renewed interest in the role of energy in processing has been created by rapidly rising energy costs. According to energy experts, relief is not eminent, and energy costs are expected to continue to rise at two to five percent above the general inflation rate. Unless overall energy consumption is reduced, or economical alternative energy sources are found, the citrus industry may face serious reductions in its profit margins.

Paper published with permission.
Microcomputer Control of Commercial Citrus Taste Evaporators
Authors: Chen C. S. , Carter R. D. , Deimling C. J. , Moisa E. S.
Published: January 2018

Food processing (and related industries) ranks sixth among all major industrial groups in the utilization of energy in the United States (16). Because of this high ranking, the food processing industry is included in government sponsored programs to conserve energy. These programs often support the demonstration of some energy saving techniques in a typical food plant as an example for the industry.

Paper published with permission.
Freeze Concentration: An Alternative for Evaporation in the Citrus Industry
Authors: van Pelt W. H. J. M. , Swinkels W. J. M.
Published: January 2018

Of the world’s total citrus crop a 40–45% is used for production of concentrated orange juice. The TASTE (Thermally Accelerated Short Time Evaporator) evaporators have become predominantly used in the citrus juice industry. In the sixties freeze concentration processes have been tried intensively.

Paper published with permission.
Economics of Peak Shaving and Cogeneration: Using On-Site Generating Systems in the Citrus Industry
Authors: Sickinger Dennis R. “Zeke”
Published: January 2018

Energy cost is a topic discussed in citrus management circles and it will draw increasing attention in years to come. Beginning with the oil embargo in 1973, the energy crisis started, sending costs skyrocketing. The days of everincreasing electrical charges are fact. In most citrus plants, energy costs are the fastest growing expense. We all feel it in our own personal pocketbooks.

Paper published with permission.
Insulation Thickness Guidelines for Energy Control, Process Control, Personnel Protection and Condensation Control
Authors: Irwin Winfield T.
Published: January 2018

There are two questions that practically every engineer or designer asks of insulation manufacturers serving the commercial/industrial markets:

1. What insulation material can be used for this application?

2. How thick should the insulation be?

The first question is beyond the scope of this presentation. The answer depends on many factors. Suffice it to say that no insulation material commercially available is ideally suited for every kind of application or service. For our purposes today, we have assumed that fiber glass has been selected as the insulation type of choice, and we now concentrate on the second question, “How thick should the insulation be?”

Paper published with permission.
Orange Juice Demand: An Industry in Transition
Authors: Gunter Dan L.
Published: January 2018

Florida’s orange industry is facing an increasingly challenging production/marketing situation. Factors largely responsible for the current situation include demand growth and shifts in product demand, Florida freezes, and increased competition from Brazil. These factors will largely determine the position of the Florida industry in the orange juice market in the years ahead.

Paper published with permission.
Centrifuging Citrus Waste and Juice
Authors: McKenna John V.
Published: January 2018

Dewatering and eliminating citrus waste treatment sludges has been a difficult and costly disposal problem for many years. One of the major drawbacks of the dewatering operation has been the extent of bound water that is associated with the sludge under gravity settlers, and its relatively low specific gravity difference as related to water. Under various operating conditions, especially in the south, some gravity settlers have been able to thicken the BOD solids to 1½ to 2% total solid concentration, but this also tends to present other operational problems due to low blanket turnover and does very little to solve the major problem of obtaining saleable by-product from this biological material.

Paper published with permission.
FCOJ Bulk Transportation
Authors: Wynne C. Boyde
Published: January 2018

The summer of 1981 brought about one of the most dramatic changes in the movement of citrus concentrate that our industry has ever experienced. With the introduction of the bulk tanker ship as the carrier of citrus products, a whole new era began. Cargill Citro-America headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, brought their Bebedoura into the Port of Tampa and discharged 650 degree brix orange concentrate into awaiting insulated tanker trucks, which then transported the product over the road to various customer plants and discharged into existing bulk storage tank farms.

Paper published with permission.
Cogeneration and the Citrus Industry
Authors: Coxe Edwin F.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this presentation is to acquaint you with cogeneration, provide techniques for quickly assessing its possible application at your facility, and provide direction for implementation, if appropriate. Cogeneration is the sequential production of steam and electricity from the same energy source. It is sequential in that the energy first produces electricity and then useful thermal energy. This application is called a topping cycle because the power production precedes the thermal application. It is the one that should be of most interest in the citrus industry, and the one that will be addressed herein. The other configuration, the bottoming cycle, is where the energy source for power generation is from heat recovered from a high temperature thermal process application such as often exists in the metal processing industry.

Paper published with permission.
Flow and Tank Inventory Measurement
Authors: Ralph Wayne , Smith Carlos A.
Published: January 2018

The need to track inventory and material transfers in processing plants is almost universal. That is part of the reason we were asked to participate in this conference. Because, most of our experience is in industries other than citrus processing. We agreed to write this paper expecting that the experience of other processing industries could be useful. Someone called this a cross pollination experiment.

A common denominator in industry, indeed life, is money. We may confuse each other with terms such as Brix, degrees API, yield, etc., but dollars we understand. The need to know how many pounds of juice produced and stored is analogous to measuring the gallons of gasoline produced and stored. In both cases we ultimately need to know the value of product produced per dollar of raw materials consumed and the value of the current product inventory.

We will review the need for flow and inventory measurements, the current citrus industry practices and potential opportunities for improved measurements by using currently available proven technology.

Paper published with permission.
Citrus Peel Dryer Control System
Authors: Cook Ralph W.
Published: January 2018

In most large citrus processing plants world-wide, the peel is made into cattle feed. The peel is shredded, mixed with lime, allowed to react, and pressed. The liquid from the pressing is evaporated and recycled into the peel or sold as molasses. The press cake is dried in single pass, direct fired rotary dryers with co-current flow of heating gasses and product.

Paper published with permission.
Membrane Concentration of Orange Juice
Authors: Cross Stephen
Published: January 2018

A process to concentrate orange juice to levels above 42° Brix with quality close to fresh juice is discussed. Using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in a patented process, concentrate of superior quality can be produced. An overview of how membrane characteristics influence the design, selection and operation of the process is presented along with operating economics.

Paper published with permission.
The Anaerobic Treatment of Food and Citrus Processing Wastewaters
Authors: Szendrey L. Michael
Published: January 2018

Anaerobic treatment technology for wastewater has developed rapidly over the last decade. The major driving forces are the low operating costs and the energy benefit derived from the methane generated. Also, increasing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) surcharges imposed on industrial sewer discharges can often be minimized by anaerobic treatment alone. A variety of new technologies has emerged to treat the various types of wastewater produced. The food and citrus processing industry produce wastewater both low and high in BOD and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) as well as other unique constituents. The advantages and disadvantages of the different types of technologies are discussed, especially as they apply to the types of wastewater produced in the food processing industry. (Operating data from a full scale anaerobic plant treating a fermentation wastewater is presented.) The pilot plant scale study on a citrus wastewater is discussed.

Paper published with permission.
Limonene: A Versatile Chemical
Authors: McBride Joseph J.
Published: January 2018

Following a brief review of the chemistry and properties of limonene as a chemical entity, d-limonene recovered as a by-product in the processing of citrus fruit is discussed in more detail. The largest use of d-limonene, the production of tackifying resins for the adhesive industry, is given special attention, although other important uses, such as in the synthesis of I-carvone, and in specialty solvents and cleaners are also discussed. d-Limonene’s price history is compared with those of its competitors in the resin market, piperylene and sulfate turpentine. Its current relative position in the large and growing market is explained and estimates of its future availability and potential use in the market are proposed.

Paper published with permission.
Aseptic Processing and Handling of Citrus Juice
Authors: Sanders Michael J.
Published: January 2018

Since the approval of hydrogen peroxide as a package sterilant by the Food and Drug Administration in January 1981, aseptic processing has exploded onto the U.S. marketplace. In fact, during the summer of 1989, an expert panel from the Institute of Food Technologists voted aseptic technology as the food industry’s top innovation of the past 50 years. The major commercial success to date has been the aseptic processing of high acid fruit juices and fruit drinks, particularly when packaged in the 250 ml, single serve, laminated paper box. (Slide 2) Over three billion unit volumes were sold in 1989. This represents greater than a 12% increase over 1988 and means aseptic packaging has captured a larger unit volume than any other food packaging technology has ever done in so short a time.

This paper will look at the technologies involved as they relate to citrus juices, the precautions which should be taken to optimize the product, and the promises which the future holds.

Paper published with permission.
The Role of Biotechnology in the Development of Improved Citrus Scion and Rootstock Cultivars
Authors: Grosser Jude W.
Published: January 2018

The development of improved citrus and scion rootstock cultivars has been limited by several factors, including complex reproductive biology, extended juvenility, and a lack of support and continuity of long-termed conventional breeding programs (Gmitter et al., 1991). Most commercially important scion and rootstock cultivars have arisen from the selection of bud-sport mutations within existing clones or by chance seedling selections. However, there are a few important scion and rootstock cultivars that were developed by conventional breeding. Such scion cultivars are mandarin hybrids developed by USDA breeders, primarily tangelos (mandarin x grapefruit hybrids) and tangors (mandarin x sweet orange hybrids) including ‘Minneola’, ‘Orlando’, ‘Nova’, ‘Page’, ‘Robinson’, ‘Fairchild’, ‘Sunburst’ (Saunt, 1990), and more recently ‘Fall Glo’ and ‘Ambersweet’ (C.J. Hearn, personal communication). Important rootstock cultivars developed by conventional breeding include Swingle citrumelo (grapefruit x trifoliate orange hybrid) and Carrizo and Troyer citranges (sweet orange x trifoliate orange hybrid). Because of renewed interest and the development of improved breeding parents, sexual hybridization will play an increasingly important role in citrus cultivar improvement. The integration of emerging biotechnologies with conventional breeding methods will facilitate and expedite citrus cultivar improvement.

Paper published with permission.
Product and Ingredient Security
Authors: DuBose William S.
Published: January 2018

Product and Ingredient Security is an evolving process to prevent accidental or malicious contamination of food ingredients at the supplier level, manufacturing locations, product carriers, and through the distribution system to the retail shelf.

Although greater than 90% of product tampering occurs at retail, the manufacturing community must have systems in place to assure food safety. These systems include; a Security Policy, Crisis Management Team, secure manufacturing plants, approved suppliers with Security Policies, Product Traceability, and bulk and retail packaging that utilizes the best tamper-evident features.

Consumer safety and “peace of mind” are critical to maintaining the public’s confidence in the security of our manufacturing facilities and ultimately our brands and trademarks.

Paper published with permission.
Coldpressed Citrus Oil Recovery
Authors: Waters Roger
Published: January 2018

Coldpressed oil is one of the few by-products derived from the peel of the fruit which has continued to be economical to produce over the last couple of decades. Although the basic oil recovery process has been around for perhaps a century or more, technological advances have been made in more recent years in the development of more efficient processes and machine designs in terms of capacities, water conservation, effluent disposal, and automation. The basics of operating a coldpressed oil recovery system using some of the current technology will be discussed in this paper.

Paper published with permission.
Integrated Citrus Information System
Authors: Davis Dennis
Published: January 2018

To manage the business of citrus processing, Coca-Cola Foods re-engineered the information systems that supports their fruit processing functions. The single, integrated system that was developed is called Citrix: the CITRus Information exchange. This new information system starts with information about procured fruit and adds additional information as the fruit is delivered, processed, and paid for. “State of the art” computer technology and techniques are used to deliver the best possible tool to those involved in the business of citrus processing for Coca-Cola Foods.

Paper published with permission.
When It Rains on the Citrus Industry: Regulatory Stormwater Agencies and Their Requirements
Authors: Webb-Paris Lori
Published: January 2018

When it rains, most people just think of the inconvenience of getting wet. But what happens to the rain after it falls? How does the stormwater affect your neighbors, natural resources or public safety? These are questions that regulatory agencies must ask for determining compliance of your system with regulatory stormwater permit conditions.

Paper published with permission.
A Call to Action: Citrus Industry Implications of the Year 2000 Embedded Systems Crisis
Authors: Montney Rick
Published: January 2018

This paper is intended to be a wake up call and a solution management tool for engineers responsible for keeping plants, processes and facilities operating.

Paper published with permission.
Citrus Processing Wastewater Treatment: Technology for the Next Millennium
Authors: Keough David A.
Published: January 2018

The citrus processing industry has endured a variety of changes over the past 30 years. These changes included an expansion of the citrus crop through the 1980’s until the freezes. Then the industry endured through several rebuilding years until new groves planted farther south came into production. Plans for a record harvest this season were thwarted once again by Mother Nature.

Paper published with permission.
Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life
Authors: Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Olson Stephanie , Catling David C.
Published: January 2018

Coexisting methane and carbon dioxide in atmospheres of habitable planets represent a disequilibrium biosignature.
In thousands of brain scans, group seeks clues todiseases
Authors: Guglielmi Giorgia
Published: January 2018

Amid probe of many brain disorders, ENIGMA finds common structural changes in diverse kinds of epilepsy.
Engaging over data on fracking and water quality
Authors: Brantley S. L. , Vidic R. D. , Brasier K. , Yoxtheimer D. , Pollak J. , Wilderman C. , Wen T.
Published: January 2018

Data alone aren't the solution, but they bring people together
Toward a silicon-based quantum computer
Authors: Schreiber Lars R. , Bluhm Hendrik
Published: January 2018

A controlled NOT gate for two quantum bits is demonstrated with a strained-silicon device
Management and Point-of-Care for Tobacco Dependence (PROMPT): a feasibility mixed methods community-based participatory action research project in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Pakhale Smita , Kaur Tina , Charron Catherine , Florence Kelly , Rose Tiffany , Jama Sadia , Boyd Robert , Haddad Joanne , Alvarez Gonzalo , Tyndall Mark
Published: January 2018

Objective

To determine the feasibility of a Community-Based Participatory Tobacco Dependence Strategy (PROMPT) in the inner city population of Ottawa (Canada).

Design

A feasibility mixed methods prospective cohort study following principles of community-based participatory action research.

Intervention

Recruited 80 people whouse drugs, followed them for 6 months while providing access to counselling, nicotine replacement therapy and peer-support in a community setting.

Setting

Community research office in downtown Ottawa, adjacent to low-income housing, shelter services and street-based drug consumption.

Primary outcome

Retention rate at 6-month follow-up.

Secondary outcome

Biochemically validated 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 26 weeks, self-reported abstinence in the past 7 days with exhaled carbon monoxide ≤10 ppm.

Results

The average age of participants was 43.8 years. The 6-month follow-up rate was 42.5%. The mean number of smoking years reported was 27.3 years. The participants were 70% male, 33.7% reported less than a high-school education, 21% identified as indigenous and 43.8% reported an income between US$1000 and US$1999 per month. The baseline mean daily cigarette use was 20.5 and 9.3 cigarettes at study end, with mean reduction of 11.2 cigarettes at 6 months (P=0.0001). There was a considerable reduction in self-reported illicit substance use (18.8%), including a reduction in the opioids heroin (6.3%), fentanyl (2.6%) and Oxycontin (3.8%). The study findings also reveal psycho-socioeconomic benefits such as improved health, return to work and greater community engagement.

Conclusions

The PROMPT project describes socioeconomic variables associated with tobacco and polysubstance use. A programme focused on tobacco dependence, easily accessible in the community and led by community peers with lived experience is feasible to implement and has the potential to support positive life changes. PROMPT’s patient engagement model is an effective harm-reduction strategy for the growing opioid use crisis and can improve the health outcomes of marginalised at-risk populations worldwide.