bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) restores metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial dynamics in insulin-resistant equine hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs)
Authors: Qasem Badr , Bourebaba Lynda , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Króliczewski Jarosław , Łyczko Jacek , Marycz Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a major health threat in veterinary endocrinology medicine worldwide, and there is growing interest in utilizing molecular agents for modulation of hepatocyte function for potential clinical applications with recent studies showing promising results in the inhibition of PTP1B on adipose-derived stromal cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSI-1436 on equine hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in terms of their proliferative activity, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial morphogenesis under lipotoxic condition. Our study found that MSI-1436 promotes the entry of HPCs in the cell cycle and rescues them from palmitate-induced apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. MSI-1436 also increases glucose uptake and protects HPCs from palmitate-induced stress by reorganizing the morphological architecture of the cells. Additionally, our findings suggest that MSI-1436 enhances the 2-NBDG internalization by increasing the expression of SIRT1, which is associated with liver insulin sensitivity, and promotes mitochondrial dynamics by modulating their number and morphotype through PINK1, MFN1, and MFN2 increased expression. Our study provides evidence that MSI-1436 has a positive impact on equine hepatic progenitor cells, indicating its potential therapeutic value in the treatment of EMS and insulin dysregulation.
The Nature of Pointer States and Their Role in Macroscopic Quantum Coherence
Authors: Turner Philip , Nottale Laurent
Published: July 2023

We consider new insights into the origin and nature of pointer states and their role in wave function collapse in macroscopic quantum coherence. The work includes new theory of quantum coherence underpinned by turbulence, generated by a field of pointer states in the form of recirculating vortices (toroids), interconnected via a vortex cascade. Decoherence occurs when the interconnected field of vortices between pointer states is disrupted by external forces, leading to their localisation. The applicability of this work is considered in addressing unresolved questions in high temperature superconductivity and macroscopic quantum processes in biological systems. We also consider its implications for our understanding of intrinsic spin and pointer states within the standard "point source" representation of a quantum particle, which intuitively requires a more complexed description.
Analysis of Tianeptine in Dietary Supplements
Authors: Seale Jared T. , Garden Emily A. , French John M. T. , McDougal Owen M.
Published: July 2023

In the United States (US), tianeptine is sold as a dietary supplement under the trade name Tianaa™. Tianeptine is a synthetic drug prescribed by physicians as an antidepressant in parts of Europe, Asia and South America. The drug is not permitted for use by physicians in the US, be-cause it is a μ-opioid receptor agonist with a propensity for severe addiction. As incidence of Tianaa™ related opioid addiction across the southern US escalate, the current study aimed to quantify tianeptine in over the counter Tianaa™ White, Red, and Green products. The results of this investigation measured tianeptine levels between 3.1 to 10.9 mg per 531 mg capsules. Tianaa™ White capsules consistently contained the least tianeptine, while Green had the most. Close inspection of Tianaa™ products showed that capsule mass varied by as much as 16% from label claim, and the amount of tianeptine per capsule varied by as much as 35 % from the aver-age measured amount for each product. Tianaa™ Red contains kava leaf extract, which led to the identification of four kavapyrone components by mass spectrometry. The data presented pro-vide insight into tianeptine quantity and capsule mass variation for Tianaa™ supplements sold to customers naive to the risk of addiction.
Pengembangan video pembelajaran berbasis eksperimen untuk mengatasi loss-learning dalam pembelajaran IPA siswa sekolah dasar
Authors: Kumala Farida Nur , Yasa Arnelia Dwi , Jait Adam Bin Haji , Wulandari Ira
Published: July 2023

This study aims to develop Experiment-Based Learning Videos to develop meaningful learning so as to increase students' understanding and activeness in learning science in grade V Elementary School. The research conducted was ADDIE development research, with research subjects being students of SDN Pulungdowo 2, a total of 50 students. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, observation sheets and tests. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive and inferential, also qualitative descriptive. The results showed that Experiment-Based Learning Video Media which has been developed adequate with the feasibility, practicality and the effectivity. So, it can improve student activity and learning outcomes of students (Feasibility= 91%; Practicality= 89%; tactivity (47) = -16,32; tlearning outcome (47) = -12,34, p < 0,05, respectively). It can be concluded that learning video media experimental-based able to overcome loss-learning in students.
Implementation of Differentiated Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Faigawati Faigawati , Safitri Mazda Leva Okta , Dwi Indriani Faradita , Sabrina Fairus , Kinanti Kinanti , Mursid Halim , Fathurohman Apit
Published: July 2023

The Merdeka curriculum is intended so that students are free in carrying out their development in learning activities. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of differentiated learning has been carried out by teachers in elementary schools. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach using the Miles and Huberman model. Diagnostic assessment is in the form of short questions that can be written down or in the form of questions directly before starting learning. The characteristics of students who need differentiated learning are students who have diverse learning styles. Differentiation content is reading material, pictures, and learning videos related to the subject matter. Facilities that support differentiated learning are the availability of complete facilities and infrastructure. Evaluation of different product results, namely by referring to learning objectives. The most appropriate differentiated learning model is the PJBL/PBL learning model. ideally, the number of students in differentiated learning is between 10-25 students. An effective and constructive learning environment greatly influences the process of developing the quality of teachers and students in the school environment. To maximize student learning outcomes in differentiated learning, teachers need to collaborate with the parents of students. An indicator of the success of this differentiated learning is when students can express a sense of comfort through being active, changing good behavior, and increasing significant learning outcomes.
Attentional focus in team sports: Effects of an intervention program on football players
Authors: Tasi Juan Martín
Published: July 2023

The cognitive processes that influence athletic performance have been increasingly studied in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme aimed at improving the attentional focus of football players, using game situations similar to competitive ones. The participants were 46 male football players belonging to the youth academy of a first division Argentine football club, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The methodological design was quasi-experimental, with pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up measures. The measures used were the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance was used. The results showed significant differences in the variable attentional control in favour of the experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention period and during the follow-up period. On the other hand, the other of the variables analysed (negative coping control, visual image control, positive coping control, and attitudinal control) did not show significant differences between the two groups, but there was a positive trend in the experimental group after the intervention. In conclusion, the use of strategies related to attentional focus in habitual tactical and specific football training tasks seems to have a positive effect on attentional control.
Women can transfer their ability to cope with stress from sport to academic contexts
Authors: Guzmán José Francisco
Published: July 2023

This study retrospectively examined 182 high school student-athlete women aged 13-18 using Fletcher and colleagues' (2005, 2006) stress, emotion, and performance model to evaluate the impact of coping on engagement in both sports and academic settings. Additionally, the transfer of coping from sport to study was studied, with sports task-oriented coping acting as a moderator. Results indicated that in sports, stress was positively associated with emotional coping and negatively with engagement, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. In the academic setting, stress was positively correlated with distancing coping, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. Emotional coping and task-oriented coping both served as mediators, and sports task-oriented coping moderated academic stress and task-oriented coping. The findings support the processual model of stress and suggest that task-oriented coping should be encouraged and emotion-oriented coping should be avoided in both sports and academic settings. Furthermore, sport task-oriented coping was shown to transfer to the academic setting, as academic task-oriented coping decreased when sport task-oriented coping was below a certain threshold. Thus, it may be concluded that coping is a life skill that facilitates engagement in activities and may be transferred from sport to study in this sample of female student-athletes.
Goal difficulty level and perceived competence on volleyball serve learning
Authors: Alves Costa Cicero Luciano
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the goal difficulty level on the volleyball serve learning and if the perceived sports competence mediates this process. Adolescent volunteers (N = 22, age = 14.0 ± 0.9 years) participated in this study performing the volleyball serve. Two experimental groups were formed: high difficult goal group (HDG; n = 11) and low difficult goal group (LDG; n = 11). Both groups performed 15 trials in the pretest, 160 trials in the acquisition throughout four days, and 15 trials in the retention test after 72 hours. Performance was measured by means of the target bull’s-eye accuracy of the volleyball serve. Comparing the two groups' performance accuracy and consistency on pretest and retention tests was run through two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA (2 Groups x 2 Blocks). The results showed high goal led to greater performance accuracy in the retention than the lower goal, with a very large effect size. The HDG had higher accuracy in the retention test than the pretest (p < .001), while the LDG had no improvement. ANCOVA detected significant between the covariate perceived sport competence and tests. The effect size magnitude of the high goal difficulty in the serve accuracy was higher when adjusted by perceived sports competence. This finding indicates that perceived sports competence could maximize goal difficulty effectiveness. In conclusion, the goal with high difficulty is more effective for volleyball serve learning than low difficulty, and the perceived sports competence seems to moderate the learning process.
The Mechanism of Digital Economy Affecting Carbon Emissions:Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Jinshan , Liu Hongbo
Published: July 2023

This paper attempts to reveal the impact mechanism of the digital economy on carbon emissions. In order to estimate the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions, this paper collected panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. It uses a two-way fixed-effects model to conduct linear analysis and mediation mechanism testing. The results of this study are as follows.(1)The development of the digital economy can effectively reduce carbon emissions, and the robustness test and endogenous examination support the above conclusions.(2)Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are critical intermediary mechanisms.(3) At the same time, the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions is heterogeneous, and the effect of the western regions is greater than that of the eastern areas.So the digital economy has important implications for reducing carbon emissions.
Effect of mixed physical barrier on seawater intrusion and nitrate accumulation in coastal unconfined aquifers
Authors: Wang Jun , Kong Jun , Gao Chao , Zhou Lvbin
Published: July 2023

Physical barrier has been proven to be one of the most effective measures to prevent and control seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal areas. Mixed physical barrier (MPB), a new type of physical barrier, has been shown to have higher efficiency in SWI control. As with conventional subsurface dam and cutoff wall, the construction of MPB may lead to the accumulation of nitrate contaminants in coastal aquifers. We investigated the SWI control capacity and nitrate accumulation in the MPB using a numerical model of variable density flow coupling with reactive transport, and performed sensitivity analysis on the subsurface dam height, cutoff wall depth and opening spacing in the MPB. The differences in SWI control and nitrate accumulation between MPB and conventional subsurface dam and cutoff wall were compared to assess the applicability of different physical barrier. The numerical results show that the construction of MPB will increase the nitrate concentration and contaminated area in the aquifer. The prevention and control efficiency of MPB against SWI is positively correlated with the depth of the cutoff wall, reaching the highest efficiency at the minimum effective dam height, and the retreat distance of the saltwater wedge is positively correlated with the opening spacing. We found a non-monotonic relationship between the change in subsurface dam height and the extent of nitrate accumulation, with total nitrate mass and contaminated area increasing and then decreasing as the height of the subsurface dam increased. The degree of nitrate accumulation increased linearly with increasing the height of the cutoff wall and the opening spacing. Under certain conditions, MPB is 46%-53% and 16%-57% more efficient in preventing and controlling SWI than conventional subsurface dam and cutoff wall, respectively. However, MPB caused 14%-27% and 2%-12% more nitrate accumulation than subsurface dam and cutoff wall, respectively. The findings of this study are of great value for the protection of coastal groundwater resources and will help decision makers to select appropriate engineering measures and designs to reduce the accumulation of nitrate pollutants while improving the efficiency of SWI control.
The osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment gaps and risk factors among women aged ≥50 years
Authors: Shahrousvand Shokouh , Ostovar Afshin , Fahimfar Noushin , Khalagi Kazem , Mansourzadeh Mohammad Javad , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Sanjari Mahnaz
Published: July 2023

Background
Despite the availability of diagnostic equipment and effective drugs to diagnose and treat osteoporosis, only a minority of women are cared. The aim of this study was to investigate of the osteoporosis care gaps among postmenopausal women.
Methods
This cross-sectional observational study in one the province of Iran, collected data from women aged ≥ 50 years. Initially, participants were surveyed through FRAX. Then, a questionnaire was developed in 3 concepts (socioeconomic, diagnosis and medication initiation). Medication adherence was assessed using the validated OS-MMAS-8 questionnaire.
Results
A total of 998 women with a mean age of 64.6 ± 10.4 participated in this study. Overall, 346(34.6%) women were at high risk of fragility fractures through FRAX. 130(37.5%) women at high fracture risk underwent BMD, and 109 (31.5%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis. 44 (44.9%) patients adhere to the treatment and 54 (55.1%) patients did not. Overall, 9(20.5%), 35(79.5%) and 0 had low, medium, and high OS-MMAS-8 scores. The diagnosis and treatment gaps were 68.5% and 71.6%, respectively. Older age (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94–1.00, P =0.090), elementary education (OR = 4.80, 95%CI: 1.65–13.99, P = 0.004) and awareness of OP (OR = 6.03, 95%CI: 3.38–10.73, P < 0.001) were associated with diagnosis gap. Also, rural residence (OR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.14–1.42, P = 0.175) and awareness of OP (OR = 4.34, 95%CI: 0.88–21.30, P = 0.071) is an independent risk factor for treatment gap.
Conclusions
There is a large OP care gap in women aged ≥ 50 years at increased risk of FF in Iran. Identification and assessment women at high fracture risk is effective in improving care of osteoporosis.
Spatiotemporal inhomogeneous pattern of a predator-prey model with delay and chemotaxis
Authors: Chen Mengxin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate the spatiotemporal inhomogeneous pattern phenomenon of a predatorprey model with chemotaxis and time delay. The precise intervals of the Turing instability are yielded so that we can obtain sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of the Turing instability by adjusting the ranges of the control parameters of time delay and chemotaxis. Also, we perform the occurrence conditions of the Turing-Hopf bifurcation by employing the time delay control parameter and chemotaxis sensitivity coefficient as the bifurcation parameter. Theoretically, there are no Hopf bifurcation, Turing instability, and Turing-Hopf bifurcation as the chemotaxis effect and time delay are absent. Of course, complicated spatiotemporal inhomogeneous patterns are displayed with the help of numerical experiments. Particularly, we find that both the time delay control parameter and chemotaxis sensitivity coefficient can affect the formation of the spatiotemporal inhomogeneous patterns. Certainly, our method could be applied in other reaction-diffusion models with the chemotaxis and full/non-full time delay in reaction kinetics terms.
The combination of nanotechnology and potassium: Applications in agriculture
Authors: Wang Qibin , Shan Chen , Zhang Peng , Zhao Weichen , Zhu Guikai , Sun Yi , Wang Quanlong , Jiang Yaqi , Shakoor Noman , Rui Yukui
Published: July 2023

Potassium fertilizer is essential to ensure crop production and thus global food supply and safe fertilizer. Potassium resources are mainly located in the Northern Hemisphere, and as a result, there is currently a scarcity of cheap potash and severe soil deficiencies in some areas of the Southern Hemisphere. There is a shift from mined salts to locally available potassium resources. such as silicates containing K, may be an option to improve this situation. The goal of increasing crop productivity and improving quality dictates an increase in potassium availability or a efficient use of potassium. The development of plants that use potassium more efficiently may be a valuable goal for geneticists. Nanomaterials are increasingly used in people's working life as a new type of material, and this technology is gradually being applied in agriculture with a view to increase crop yields and reduce environmental pollution. This paper reviews the applications of common potassium-containing materials and the effects and mechanisms of nano-fertilizers on plants, and also gives an outlook on the future applications of nano-potassium fertilizers in agriculture, and also hopes that it can provide a reference for more researchers working in this field.
A green vehicle routing problem with picking up and delivery based on an improved firefly algorithm
Authors: Zhou Qian , Wu Zhibin
Published: July 2023

Transportation which plays an essential role in distribution impacts climate change and global warming. So, one of the critical problems in distribution is the green vehicle routing problem. This paper investigates a green vehicle routing problem with picking up and delivery and soft time windows for a single depot. The problem is developed as a single-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model. The model aims to minimize fuel costs based on vehicle load and penalty costs for violating time windows while satisfying customer pickup and delivery demands simultaneously. This paper proposes an improved firefly algorithm based on chaotic initialization and differential evolution to solve the model. Results show that the proposed model minimizes carbon emissions while maximizing customer satisfaction. Compared with a traditional heuristic algorithm, the improved firefly algorithm has higher solved precision.
Belowground biomass changed the regulatory factors of soil N2O fluxes under N and water additions in a temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Dong Qi , Liu Yinghui , He Pei , Du Wei
Published: July 2023

Purpose：
Simulations of N deposition and precipitation via N and water addition experiments are important for studying how soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in temperate steppes will respond to future global climate change.
Methods：
In June 2017, we conducted an N and water application experiment on a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, to investigate the impacts of N and water additions upon N2O fluxes and how the soil physicochemical properties, vegetation, and microbes regulate this process regulate this process. In this study, we collected samples and measured the variations in soil N2O fluxes and physicochemical and biological properties under N, and water additions in July and August of 2019 and 2020.
Results：
The results indicated that N addition significantly decreased soil pH, increased the NH4 + -N and DON contents, decreased the MBC content, and promoted PER activity, while water addition significantly increased soil pH, SWC, and the root-shoot ratio. Soil N2O fluxes were significantly increased by a factor of 2.2 under the 2020 N treatment alone. A structural equation model (SEM) showed that the soil N2O fluxes in response to N and water additions were mainly driven by DON in 2019, and pH was the key factor that affected the N2O fluxes in 2020.
Conclusions：
Our findings suggested that the leading factors differed between the two years due to the differences in BGB caused by different distribution of precipitation during the growing season.
Exploring the Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Brevibacterium: A Comparative Genomic Analysis of Diversity and Distribution
Authors: Cumsille Andrés , Serna-Cardona Néstor , González Valentina , Claverías Fernanda , Undabarrena Agustina , Molina Vania , Salvà-Serra Francisco , Moore Edward R. B. , Cámara Beatriz
Published: July 2023

Exploring Brevibacterium strains from various ecosystems may lead to the discovery of new antibiotic-producing strains. Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7, a strain isolated from marine sediments from Northern Patagonia, Chile, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Chemical dereplication identified bioactive compounds, such as 1-methoxyphenazine in the crude extracts of strain H-BE7, which could be responsible of the observed antibacterial activity. The genome of Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7 was sequenced and a phenazine-like biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) is not present within the genome. To study the biosynthetic potential of strain H-BE7 and Brevibacterium genus, the genome sequences of 98 Brevibacterium strains, including strain H-BE7, were selected for a genomic analysis. A phylogenomic cladogram was generated, which divided the Brevibacterium strains into four major clades. A total of 25 strains are potentially unique new species according to Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) values. These strains were isolated from various environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring diverse ecosystems to discover the full diversity of Brevibacterium. Pangenome analysis of Brevibacterium strains revealed that only 2.5% of gene clusters are included within the core genome, and most gene clusters occur either as singletons or as cloud genes present in less than ten strains. Brevibacterium strains from various phylogenomic clades exhibit diverse BGCs. Specific groups of BGCs show clade-specific distribution patterns, such as siderophore BGCs and carotenoid-related BGCs. A group of clade IV-A Brevibacterium strains possess a clade-specific Polyketide synthase (PKS) BGCs that connects with phenazine-related BGCs and could be related to the production of 1-methoxyphenazine in HBE-7’s crude extract. Within the PKS BGC, five genes, including the biosynthetic PKS gene, participate in the mevalonate pathway and exhibit similarities with the phenazine A BGC. However, additional core biosynthetic phenazine genes were exclusively discovered in nine Brevibacterium strains, primarily isolated from cheese. While strain H-BE7 lacks the core phenazine biosynthetic genes, it produces 1-methoxyphenazine, indicating the presence of an unknown biosynthetic pathway for this compound. This suggests the existence of alternative biosynthetic pathways or promiscuous enzymes within H-BE7's genome.
Biomechanical effects of cranial closing wedge osteotomy on joint stability in normal canine stifles: An ex vivo study
Authors: Shimada Masakazu , Huang Chenxu , Yamakawa Satoshi , Fujie Hiromichi , Murakami Sawako , Kanno Nobuo , Hara Yasushi
Published: July 2023

Cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO) is a functional stabilization technique for cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) ruptures. This biomechanical study aimed to evaluate the influence of CCWO on the stability of the stifle joint. Eighteen Beagle stifle joints were divided into two groups, Control and CCWO. The stifle joints were then analyzed using a six-degree-of-freedom robotic joint biomechanical testing system. The joints were subjected to 30 N in the craniocaudal (CrCd) drawer and proximal compression tests and 1 Nm in the internal-external (IE) rotation test. Each test was performed with an extension position, 135 degrees, and 120 degrees of joint angle. The stifle joints were tested while the CrCLs were intact, then transected. In the drawer test, the CCWO procedure, CrCL transection, and stifle joint flexion increased CrCd displacement. The CCWO procedure and CrCL transection showed an interaction effect. In the compression test, the CCWO procedure decreased, and CrCL transection and stifle joint flexion increased displacement. In the IE rotation test, CCWO, CrCL transection, and stifle joint flexion increased the range of motion. Therefore, CCWO was expected to provide stability against compressive force, but it does not contribute to stabilities in the drawer and rotational tests. Particularly in the CCWO-treated stifle joint, instability during the drawer test worsened with CrCL transection. In other words, performing the CCWO procedure when CrCL function is present is desirable for the stabilization of the stifle joint.
Patient-derived tumoroids of advanced high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms mimic patient chemotherapy responses and guide the design of personalized combination therapies
Authors: Perren Aurel , April-Monn Simon , Detjen Katharina , Kirchner Philippe , Bräutigam Konstantin , Trippel Mafalda , Grob Tobias , Statzer Cyril , Maire Renaud , Kollàr Attila , Couchane Aziz , Kunze Catarina , Horst David , Sadowski Martin , Schrader Jörg , Marinoni Ilaria , Wiedenmann Bertram
Published: July 2023

There are no therapeutic predictive biomarkers or representative preclinical models for high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), a highly aggressive, fatal, and heterogeneous epithelial malignancy. We established patient-derived (PD) tumoroids from biobanked tissue samples of advanced high-grade GEP-NEN patients and applied this model for targeted rapid ex vivo pharmacotyping, next-generation sequencing, and perturbational profiling. We used tissue-matched PD tumoroids to profile individual patients, compared ex vivo drug response to patients’ clinical response to chemotherapy, and investigated treatment-induced adaptive stress responses.
PD tumoroids recapitulated biological key features of high-grade GEP-NEN and mimicked clinical response to cisplatin and temozolomide ex vivo. When we investigated treatment-induced adaptive stress responses in PD tumoroids in silico, we discovered and functionally validated Lysine demethylase 5A and interferon-beta, which act synergistically in combination with cisplatin. Since ex vivo drug response in PD tumoroids matched clinical patient responses to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics for GEP-NEN, our rapid and functional precision oncology approach could expand personalized therapeutic options for patients with advanced high-grade GEP-NEN.
Metabuli: sensitive and specific metagenomic classification via joint analysis of amino-acid and DNA
Authors: Steinegger Martin , KIM JAEBEOM
Published: July 2023

Current metagenomic classifiers analyze either DNA or amino-acid (AA) sequences. DNA-based methods have better specificity in distinguishing well-studied clades, but they have limited sensitivity in detecting under-studied clades. AA-based methods suffer the opposite problem. To tackle this trade-off, we developed Metabuli for a joint analysis of DNA and AA using a novel k-mer, metamer. In benchmarks, Metabuli was simultaneously as specific as DNA-based methods and as sensitive as AA-based methods. In the CAMI2 plant-associated dataset, Metabuli covers 99% and 98% of classifications of state-of-the-art DNA-based and AA-based classifiers, respectively. Metabuli is available as free and open-source software for Linux and macOS at metabuli.steineggerlab.com.
Development of new systems based on hydrotalcites for stabilization and deacidification of paper information carriers
Authors: Guzikiewiczová Eva , Malečková Soňa , Jurišová Jana , Králik Milan , Vizárová Katarína
Published: July 2023

Stabilization and deacidification of paper information carriers is still a highly discussed topic. It is very important to continue in searching for new, more effective, and affordable methods of paper stabilization because none of the currently known processes is ideal. This study focuses on the effectiveness of a new substance in stabilizing paper information carriers - hydrotalcite, applied to the paper in a partially polar environment. The effect of modification on the stabilization of paper during accelerated aging was investigated by measuring chemical (surface pH, rate of glycosidic bond cleavage), mechanical (coefficient of the relative increase of the lifetime for folding endurance), optical (colorimetry - CIE L*a*b*), and spectral (FTIR) properties. Three types of hydrotalcites differing in composition, particle size, and preparation conditions, were tested and compared. After the modification, all the properties of acidic test papers improved. The most promising type of hydrotalcite was prepared under nucleation action of citric acid. The atomic ratio of Mg2+ to Al3+ of this hydrotalcite was equal to 5. Modification by this hydrotalcite led to an increase in surface pH by 1.3 to 2.7 units.
Chemical exchange rate study by NMR CPMG method
Authors: Mohorič Aleš , Stepišnik Janez
Published: July 2023

Detailed analysis of NMR CPMG method is presented that enables direct sampling of the spectrum of the chemical exchange rate. The experiment on sucrose solution
gives the spectrum that cannot be described single parameter of chemical exchange rate and indicates a much more complicated dynamics of molecular conformations in these processes. The result confirms that the method can provide insight into the details of the dynamics of molecular conformations, which are not limited to a single one, but can include chemical exchanges with multiple molecules.
Synergy-based functional electrical stimulation and robotic-assisted for retraining reach-to-grasp in stroke: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Huan-xia , Hu Jun , Yun Rui-sheng , Zhao Zhong-zhi , Lai Ming-hui , Sun Li-hui-zi , Luo Kai-liang
Published: July 2023

Background Customized multi-muscle Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) based on muscle synergy of the healthy adults, may provide opportunity for improve the upper limb motor function of the stroke survivors. Additionally, synergy-based FES combined with Robotic-assisted Therapy (RAT) can be a novel and more effective therapy for improving upper limb function of the stroke survivors from the perspective of synergistic enhancement. However, few studies examined the effectiveness of combined synergy-based FES and RAT for stroke upper limb function improvement, especially for the motor control evaluated by the Reach-To-Grasp (RTG) behavior.
Methods This study will be an assessor-blind randomized controlled trial involving 12-week intervention and 6-month follow-up. The stratified randomization will be used to randomly assign the 120 stroke patients into FES + conventional rehabilitation programs (CRP) group, RAT + CRP group and FES-RAT + CRP group equally. Intervention will be 3 sessions a week, with a total of 36 sessions. The primary outcome measurements will include Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Biomechanical Assessment of RTG behavior. The secondary outcome measurements will include Quality of life and Brain Neuroplasticity assessment by MRI. There are five time points for the evaluation, including baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks from the start of treatment, and 3 months, 6 months following the end of treatment. Two-way of variance with repeated measures will be applied to examine the main effects of the group, the time factor and group-time interaction effects.
Discussion The results of the study protocol will provide evidence with high quality for integrated synergy-based FES and RAT, and synergy-based FES alone, and guide significance for design more effective treatment methods in stroke rehabilitation.
Trial registration number ChiCTR2300071588.
Causal effects between inflammatory bowel disease and oral diseases based on Oral-GUT Axis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Yaxin , Luo Jingsong , Gao Yanan , Tao Yanmin , Xu Jun , Yao Ting , Chen Yamei
Published: July 2023

Objective
Several previous studies have suggested oral diseases was correlated to Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but the causality and direction of action remained largely unclear. Therefore, this study will through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) based on the oral-gut axis to explore evidence for oral diseases with IBD and its two main subtypes.
Methods
We sourced summary statistics from the GWAS database on four oral diseases with each of the three IBD databases for exposure-outcome by bidirectional MR. The MR analyses were performed using IVW as the main effect estimate measure and a series of sensitivity analyses and potential heterogeneity tests were applied to make the results more reliable. And then, we chose either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model for the meta-analysis based on the presence or absence of heterogeneity thereby.
Results
From oral diseases to IBD, we found a significant effect of genetically predict lichen planus on IBD [OR: 1.069; 95%CI: 1.043–1.097; P < 0.01], CD [OR: 1.090; 95%CI: 1.056–1.125; P < 0.01] and UC [OR: 1.075; 95%CI: 1.040–1.111; P < 0.01]. From IBD to oral diseases, we found a positive effect of whole IBD on periodontal disease [OR: 1.051; 95%CI: 1.020–1.083; P < 0.01], lichen planus [OR: 1.166; 95%CI: 1.011–1.344; P = 0.04] and oral ulcer [OR: 1.003; 95%CI: 1.001–1.004; P < 0.01]. In subtype analysis, we found a suggestive association between UC and periodontal disease [OR: 1.043; 95%CI: 1.009–1.077; P = 0.01], as well as a significant effect of CD on lichen planus [OR: 1.088; 95%CI: 1.038–1.141; P < 0.01].
Conclusion
Our study provides modest evidence for a causal effect between oral diseases and IBD, which can help guide clinical treatment and decision-making for the oral health of patients with IBD, and also somewhat supports the clinical need to predict the extent of IBD disease activity in patients with oral problems.
Diagnosis of inter-turn short-circuit faults and power supply faults of a PMSM controlled by input-output linearization without speed sensor
Authors: MAANANI Yacine , BENAKCHA Abdelhamid , MAANANI Aimen Acil
Published: July 2023

It is generally known that the most common causes of faults in permanent magnets synchronous motors (PMSM) are short circuits between turns and supply problems with unbalanced voltages. Early fault detection prevents some eventual damage to the PMSM and lowers repair costs. This article discusses the detection of supply faults and short circuit faults between turns for the control of synchronous motors with permanent magnets via input-output linearization without a speed sensor in order to accomplish this goal. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) will estimate this. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for the steady state, and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the associated energy for the non-stationary state of the electrical variables under study will both be used in the defect detection procedure. To differentiate between turn to turn short-circuits and unbalanced power supply faults, the stator resistance will also be estimated using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Simulated fault detection and sensorless control algorithms are demonstrated for effectiveness in the MATLAB/Simulink system softaware.
SELEX based aptamers with diagnostic and entry inhibitor therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Halder Sayanti , Thakur Abhishek , Keshry Supriya Suman , Acevedo Orlando , Swain Rajeeb K. , Mondal Arindam , Chattopadhyay Soma , Jayaprakash Venkatesan , Dev Abhimanyu , Jana Pradip , Karothia Divyanshi , Jana Indrani Das
Published: July 2023

Frequent mutation and variable immunological protection against vaccination is a common feature for COVID-19 pandemic. Early detection and confinement remain key to controlling further spread of infection. In response, we have developed an aptamer-based system that possesses both diagnostic and therapeutic potential towards the virus. A random aptamer library (~ 1017 molecules) was screened using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and aptamer R was identified as a potent binder for the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) using in vitro binding assay. Using a pseudotyped viral entry assay we have shown that aptamer R specifically inhibited the entry of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus in HEK293T-ACE2 cells but did not inhibit the entry of a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G) pseudotyped virus, hence establishing its specificity towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The antiviral potential of aptamers R and J (same central sequence as R but lacking flanked primer regions) was tested and showed 95.4% and 82.5% inhibition, respectively, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Finally, intermolecular interactions between the aptamers and the RBD domain were analyzed using in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations that provided additional insight into the binding and inhibitory action of aptamers R and J.
Downregulation of the Glucose transporter GLUT 1 in the cerebral microvasculature contributes to postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice
Authors: Chen Ying , Joo Jin , Chu John Man-Tak. , Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung , Wong Gordon Tin Chun
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is essential for glucose transport into the brain and is predominantly expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. Downregulation of GLUT1 precedes the development of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. Surgical trauma induces blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondria dysfunction and acute cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that surgery reduces the expression of GLUT1 in the BBB that in turn disrupts its integrity and contributes to metabolic dysregulation in the brain that culminates in postoperative cognitive impairment.
Methodology:
Using an abdominal surgery model in aged WT mice we assessed the perioperative changes in cognitive performance, tight junction proteins expression, GLUT1 expression and the associated metabolic effects in the hippocampus. Thereafter, we evaluated the effects these parameters in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1, and then again in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1 with or without prior exposure to the GLUT1 inhibitor ST-31.
Results:
We showed a significant decline in cognitive performance, along with GLUT1 reduction and diminished glucose metabolism, especially in the ATP level in the post operative mice compared with controls. Overexpression of GLUT1 expression alleviated postoperative cognitive decline and improved metabolic profiles, especially in adenosine, but did not directly restore ATP generation to control levels. GLUT1 inhibition ameliorated the postoperative beneficial effects of GLUT1 overexpression.
Conclusions:
Surgery induced GLUT1 reduction significantly contributes to postoperative cognitive deficits in aged mice by affecting glucose metabolism in the brain. It indicates the potential of targeting GLUT1 to ameliorate perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
De novo synthesis of nervonic acid and optimization of metabolic regulation by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Wei LiuJing , Zhao Xin-Ru , Chen Xin-Liang , Yang Jing-Lin , Gao Qi , Shi Jiang-Ting , Hua Qiang
Published: July 2023

Nervonic acid, a natural fatty acid compound and also a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells, has been widely used to prevent and treat related diseases of the brain nervous system. At present, fatty acids and their derivatives are mainly obtained by natural extraction or chemical synthesis which are limited by natural resources and production costs. In this study, the de novo synthetic pathway of nervonic acid was constructed in Yarrowia lipolytica by means of synthetic biology, and the yield of nervonic acid was further improved by metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization. Specially, heterologous elongases and desaturases derived from different organism were successfully expressed and evaluated for their potential for the production of nervonic acid in Y. lipolytica. Meanwhile, we overexpressed the genes involving in the lipid metabolism to increase the nervonic acid titer to 111.6 mg/L. In addition, the potential of adding oil as auxiliary carbon sources for nervonic acid production by the engineered Y. lipolytica were analyzed. The results indicated that supplementation with colleseed oil as an auxiliary carbon source can be beneficial for the nervonic acid productivity, which led to a highest concentration of 185.0 mg/L in this work. To summary, this study describes that the Y. lipolytica can potentially be used for a promising platform to produce nervonic acid and other very long chain fatty acid.
Improved mechanical performance of quasi-cubic lattice metamaterials with asymmetric joints
Authors: Solyaev Yury O. , Ustenko Anastasia D. , Babaytsev Arseniy V. , Dobryanskiy Vasiliy N.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose a simple method for the modification of the unit cells in the lattice metamaterials that provides an improvement of their impact strength. The idea is based on the introduction of small mutual offsets of the interconnected struts inside the unit cells. In such way, the joints between the struts become asymmetric and the overall geometry of the unit cells can be defined as the quasi-cubic with the axis of chirality. Considering four types of cubic lattices with BCC, BCT, FCC and octahedron structures, we modified their geometry and investigated the influence of the offsets and the unit cell size on the overall performance in static and dynamic tests. From the experiments we found that the small offsets (less than the strut diameter) can allow to increase the impact strength of 3d-printed polymeric specimens in 1.5-3 times remaining almost the same density and static mechanical properties. Based on the numerical simulations, we show that the explanation of the observed phenomena can be related to the increase of plastic deformations and damage accumulation in the unit-cells with asymmetric joints leading to the transition from the quasi-brittle to the ductile type of fracture in tested specimens.
Hypersonic Aerodynamic Force Balance Using Temperature Compensated Semiconductor Strain Gauges
Authors: Qiu Huacheng , Yang Yanguang , Sun Peng , Chao Genming , Wu Yousheng , Chen Yingdong
Published: July 2023

Metal foil strain gauges remain the state-of-the-art transducers for wind tunnel balance. While strain gauge technology is very mature, piezoresistive semiconductor sensors offer alternatives that are worth exploring to assess the unique benefits, such as better strain resolution and accuracy, which would enable balances to be designed with higher factors to safety and hence longer fatigue lifetimes without sacrificing force resolution and accuracy. A new three-component balance, based on temperature compensated semiconductor strain gauges, has been designed, calibrated and tested in a hypersonic low density wind tunnel. The static accuracy of the semiconductor balance is calibrated better than 0.3%, and the dynamic accuracy of the balance is established using a HB-2 standard model in Mach 12 hypersonic flow. Good experimental repeatability was confirmed to be better than 2.5%, and the effectiveness of the balance is demonstrated by comparing the forces and moments of measured data with computational fluid dynamics simulations, as well as reference wind tunnel results under similar condition.
Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Prostate Cancer and Bladder Cancer: a SEER-based Analysis
Authors: Chen Shuaiqi , Sun Guangyu , Wu Shangrong , Chen Kaifei , Liu Ranlu
Published: July 2023

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosed in the same year who underwent cystectomy, we performed this research.
Materials and Methods: A total of 124 male patients with PCa and BCa diagnosed in the same year were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (2010–2015). To evaluate the impact of different clinical and pathological features on overall survival (OS) in these patients, univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify significant factors in OS.
Results: A total of 18(14.5%) patients diagnosed BCa after PCa, 27(21.8%) patients diagnosed PCa and BCa at the same time and 79(63.7%) patients diagnosed PCa after BCa. Median follow-up among survivors was 78 months, during which time 65 patients died, of whom 29 died of BCa and 12 died of PCa. 92(74.2%) patients underwent radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) and 32(25.8%) patients underwent prostate-sparing cystectomy (PSC). Five-year PCa-specific survival, BCa-specific survival, and overall survival were 88%, 73.7%, and 54.4%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age≥75, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and cancers distant metastasis were independent risk factors for poor OS (all p<0.05). Married patients had better OS than unmarried patients(p=0.015).
Conclusions: For patients diagnosed with PCa and BCa in the same year, most patients had clinically insignificant PCa. There was no significant difference in OS between patients who underwent RCP and those who underwent PSC. BCa was more likely to be considered a risk factor for the prognosis of all patients than PCa.