bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of P-Violation in 139La(n,γ)140La – a first step towards a T-Violation search
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoki , Shimizu Hirohiko M. , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Hirota Katsuya , Haddock Christopher C. , Endo Shunsuke , Ishizaki Kohei , Sato Takumi , Takada Shusuke , Koga Jun , Yoshioka Tamaki , Ino Takashi , Asahi Koichiro , Momose Takamasa , Iwata Takahiro , Sakai Kenji , Okudaira Takuya , Oku Takayuki , Kimura Atsushi , Hino Masahiro , Shima Tatsushi , Yamagata Yutaka
Published: December 2019

We performed a polarized neutron transmission asymmetry measurement utilizing the 139La(n,γ)140La reaction. This measurement involved the use of a recently developed 3He spin filter mounted on the J-PARC MLF beam line number 4 (BL04). The resulting value of the longitudinal asymmetry AL = (11.7 ± 1.1)% was found to be in good agreement with existing values in the literature suggesting that the method by which we polarize the neutron beam is not a significant source of uncertainty. This preliminary work represents a first step toward future measurements of the angular correlation in (n̅,Υ) reactions necessary in the search for enhanced T-Violation in compound nuclei.
Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Management of Lumbar Posterior Edge Separation in Adolescents
Authors: Peng Chen , Zhou Chuanli , Zhu Kai , Zhang Hao , Tu Qihao , Ma Xuexiao , Liu Lei
Published: December 2019

Purpose Lumbar posterior edge separation is a common disorder with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in adolescents. Over the years, there has been a lack of an acknowledged assessment and plan. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of all sufferers who have received percutaneous full endoscopic treatment for lumbar posterior edge separation in adolescents.

Methods Case series of sufferers with lumbar posterior edge separation who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital Qingdao University between February 2017 and December 2018 were reviewed, including 15 males and 9 females. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and the Korean Version of the Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) scores were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.

Results All sufferers were followed up for 6 to 12 months, with an average time of 10.7 months. The postoperative VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain and ODIs were significantly different from the preoperative scores (p < 0.05). According to the modified Mac Nab criteria, the results were excellent in 17 cases and good in 7 cases.

Conclusions Percutaneous full endoscopic treatment can effectively achieve neurological functional recovery in sufferers with favorable efficacy and safety.
Fixação do enxerto do ligamento cruzado anterior no polo tibial: Análise biomecânica de três métodos
Authors: Weiss Fernando Pessoa , Possoli Felipe Augusto de Aguiar , Costa Isabel Ziesemer , Borges Paulo César , Stieven Filho Edmar , Kubrusly Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2019

Objetivo Análise biomecânica comparativa da resistência da fixação tibial para reconstrução ligamentar com parafuso de interferência, comparada com parafuso do tipo poste com arruela, e com fixação associada entre os métodos (fixação híbrida).

Métodos Foram utilizados 54 corpos de prova (tíbia suína e tendão digital bovino), que foram divididos em 3 grupos com tipos de fixação semelhantes àqueles utilizados na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: 1) fixação com parafuso de interferência; 2) fixação com parafuso do tipo poste com arruela dentada sobre nó e fios de sutura; e 3) fixação com parafuso do tipo poste com arruela combinada com parafuso de interferência (fixação híbrida). Os testes foram realizados por meio de ensaios biomecânicos de tração tipo pull-out para determinação da rigidez e carga para falha (yield load) do sistema.

Resultados O grupo com fixação híbrida apresentou maior rigidez final (59,10 ± 3,45 N/mm) do que os demais grupos (p < 0,05), e carga superior para falha (581,34 ± 33,48 N) em relação ao grupo com parafuso de interferência (p < 0,05).

Conclusão A fixação híbrida apresentou vantagens biomecânicas com relação ao sistema de fixação do enxerto de flexor digital bovino em tíbia suína durante os ensaios de tração.
Lesões musculoesqueléticas por armas de fogo em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros
Authors: Beraldo Renato Fedatto , Forlin Edilson
Published: December 2019

Objetivo Avaliar e descrever lesões musculoesqueléticas por armas de fogo em crianças e adolescentes atendidas em um pronto-socorro de grande porte.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo avaliando os prontuários de pacientes, vítimas de armas de fogo e menores de 18 anos de idade que deram entrada ao pronto socorro do nosso hospital, de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016. Um total de 51 pacientes foi excluído por não apresentar lesões musculoesqueléticas ou outras razões, enquanto 126 foram incluídos. Os dados colhidos foram: sexo; idade; via de entrada; tipo de lesão; balas alojadas e removidas; local do corpo atingido; fraturas; complicações e sequelas; lesões associadas; tempo de internamento e de UTI; cirurgias; e óbitos.

Resultados Dos 177 pacientes menores de 18 anos que deram entrada no pronto socorro por ferimento por armas de fogo, 126 pacientes (71,2%) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foram excluídos 51 (43 por não apresentaram lesões musculoesqueléticas). Cento e sete (84,9%) eram do sexo masculino e 19 (15,1%) do feminino. A média de idade foi 15,5 anos (limites, 2 anos + 8 meses a 17 anos + 11 meses). Setenta pacientes foram internados por tempo médio de 9,6 dias, e 21 pacientes foram hospitalizados na unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) por 14,7 dias em média. Um total de 37 pacientes (29,4%) foi submetido a cirurgias ortopédicas. Houve um total de 6 óbitos (4,8%). A coxa foi a principal região atingida, em um total de 43 vezes (24,7%). Seis pacientes tiveram lesões da medula espinhal, e oito pacientes tiveram lesões de nervos periféricos. Um total de 58 pacientes (46%) teve 71 fraturas, e o fêmur foi o principal osso fraturado (11 pacientes; 15,5%). Um total de 52 pacientes (41,3%) tiveram lesões associadas. Das 71 fraturas, o tratamento foi conservador em 45 (63,4%) e cirúrgico em 23 (32,4%). Três evoluíram para óbito (4,2%).

Conclusão Os adolescentes e o sexo masculino são grupo de risco para lesões de armas de fogo, e as lesões são principalmente em membros inferiores. Menos da metade dos pacientes apresentaram fraturas, mas muitos apresentaram lesões complexas com potencial de graves sequelas.
Platelet Transfusion in Perioperative Medicine
Authors: Thiele Thomas , Greinacher Andreas
Published: December 2019

Platelet transfusions aim to improve primary hemostasis and to prevent or treat bleeding in patients with reduced platelet numbers and/or platelet function. In this review, the authors address the role of platelet transfusions with a focus on perioperative medicine. They summarize different causes of thrombocytopenia in perioperative patients, describe general characteristics and potential adverse effects of different platelet concentrates, describe principles of perioperative platelet transfusion strategies, and highlight specific perioperative scenarios, for example, in patients undergoing antiplatelet therapy. The evidence for any transfusion threshold in perioperative patients based on platelet numbers is low. The evidence supporting prophylactic platelet transfusions in the perioperative setting is very low, and all recommended thresholds for preintervention platelet transfusions are based on weak evidence or expert opinion. Besides the platelet count, platelet function, additional risk factors for bleeding, and the pharmacokinetic properties of concomitant antiplatelet drugs are important criteria for the decision to transfuse or not to transfuse platelets. The few available prospective trials give at least a signal that a liberal platelet transfusion strategy might be associated with poorer outcomes compared with a restrictive platelet transfusion strategy in critically ill patients. Given the unknown risks for adverse outcomes, a therapeutic transfusion strategy during surgery (eventually guided by point of care testing in cardiac surgery, major liver surgery, and major trauma) may be most appropriate for interventions, in which intraoperative bleeding can be controlled until platelets are available, and during the postsurgery period.
Immune Thrombocytopenia in Adults: Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Al-Samkari Hanny , Kuter David J.
Published: December 2019

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder affecting approximately 1 in 20,000 people. Patients typically present with clinically benign mucocutaneous bleeding, but morbid internal bleeding can occur. Diagnosis remains clinical, possible only after ruling out other causes of thrombocytopenia through history and laboratory testing. Many adult patients do not require treatment. For those requiring intervention, initial treatment of adult ITP is with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or intravenous anti-RhD immune globulin. These agents are rapid-acting but do not result in durable remissions in most patients. No corticosteroid has demonstrated superiority to others for ITP treatment. Subsequent treatment of adult ITP is typically with thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs; romiplostim or eltrombopag), rituximab, or splenectomy. TPO-RAs are newer agents that offer an excellent response rate but may require prolonged treatment. The choice between subsequent treatments involves consideration of operative risk, risk of asplenia, drug side-effects, quality-of-life issues, and financial costs. Given the efficacy of medical therapies and the rate of spontaneous remission in the first year after diagnosis, splenectomy is frequently deferred in modern ITP treatment algorithms. Fostamatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and several older immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, danazol, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil, and the Vinca alkaloids) may be useful in patients with disease unresponsive to standard therapies or in specific clinical circumstances. This comprehensive review explores diagnostic considerations and surveys new and old treatment options for adults with ITP.
Multicomponent Short-Term Training of ASHAs for Stroke Risk Factor Management in Rural India
Authors: Jain Maneeta , Pandian Jeyaraj , Samuel Clarence , Singh Shavinder , Kamra Deepshikha , Kate Mahesh
Published: December 2019

Background Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years and may be the leading cause of death in rural regions in India. We aim to train the ASHAs (Accredited Social Health activist) for nonpharmacological management of risk factors for secondary stroke prevention in rural India. We tested the hypothesis that focused, multicomponent, short-term training on secondary prevention of stroke enhances the knowledge of ASHAs about risk factor management.

Objectives To test the hypothesis that focused, multicomponent, short-term training on secondary prevention of stroke enhances the knowledge of ASHAs about risk factor management.

Materials and Methods This study is part of the ASSIST trial (Training ASHA to Assist in Secondary Stroke Prevention in Rural Population). The study design is quasi-experimental (pretest and posttest). Culturally appropriate and pragmatic training material was developed by the study team. Three focused group training sessions were conducted in Sidhwan Bet and Pakhowal blocks of Ludhiana district, Punjab.

Results A total of 274 ASHAs from 164 villages with mean ± SD age of 39.5 ± 7.6 years participated in the three training sessions. The perceived knowledge of stroke risk factors and blood pressure assessment was 67.5 ± 18.3% and 84.4 ± 16.7%, respectively. The objective baseline knowledge about stroke prevention and management among ASHAs was lower 58.7 ± 19.7% compared with perceived knowledge (p = 0.04). This increased to 82.5 ± 16.36% (p < 0.001) after the mop-up training after a mean of 191 days. More than 30% increment was seen in knowledge about the stroke symptoms (35.9%, p < 0.001), avoiding opium after stroke for treatment (39.5%, p < 0.001), causes of stroke (53.3%, p < 0.001), modifiable risk factors for stroke (45.4%, p < 0.001), and lifestyle modifications for stroke prevention (42.1%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions Focused group training can help enhance the knowledge of ASHAs about stroke prevention and management. ASHAs are also able to retain this complex multicomponent knowledge over a 6-month period. ASHA may be able to partake in reducing the secondary stroke burden in rural India.
A model for cognitively-based compassion training: theoretical underpinnings and proposed mechanisms
Authors: Ash Marcia , Harrison Timothy , Pinto Melissa , DiClemente Ralph , Negi Lobsang Tenzin
Published: December 2019

Across cultures and belief systems, compassion is widely considered to be beneficial for the development of personal and social wellbeing. Research indicates that compassion-training programs have broad health benefits, but how and why compassion-training programs are effective is still relatively unknown. This paper describes the theoretical underpinnings of a specific compassion-training program, CBCT®(Cognitively-Based Compassion Training), and proposes an integrative model that draws on existing health behavior constructs to identify CBCT’s core components and hypothesizes their directionality and interaction. The model includes two primary categories of skill development: (1) intrapersonal skills leading to greater resiliency, and (2) interpersonal skills leading to greater compassion. It is hypothesized that these two pathways are mutually reinforcing and both contribute to greater wellbeing. This model provides a foundation for theory-driven research on the underlying mechanisms in CBCT training. An understanding of CBCT’s mechanisms is a critical step towards optimizing and personalizing the intervention to meet the needs of specific populations.
Zero-field topological Hall effect as evidence of ground-state skyrmions at room temperature in BiSb/MnGa bilayers
Authors: Duy Khang Nguyen Huynh , Fan Tuo , Hai Pham Nam
Published: December 2019

We observe the signature of zero-field ground-state skyrmions in BiSb topological insulator/MnGa bilayers by using the topological Hall effect (THE). We observe a large critical interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-Interaction (DMI) energy (DCS = 5.0 pJ/m) at the BiSb/MnGa interface that can be tailored by controlling the annealing temperature of the MnGa template. The THE was observed at room temperature even under the absence of an external magnetic field, which gives strong evidence of the existence of thermodynamically stable skyrmions in the MnGa/BiSb bilayers. Our results give insight to the role of interfacial DMI tailored by suitable material choice and growth technique for the generation of stable skyrmions at room temperature.
Quantum statistical approach for ionization potential depression in multi-component dense plasmas
Authors: Lin Chengliang
Published: December 2019

Theoretical modeling of ionization potential depression (IPD) and the related ionization equilibrium in dense plasmas, in particular, in warm/hot dense matter, represents a significant challenge due to ionic coupling and electronic degeneracy effects. Based on the dynamical structure factor (SF), a quantum statistical model for IPD in multi-ionic plasmas is developed, where quantum exchange and dynamical correlation effects in plasma environments are consistently and systematically taken into account in terms of the concept of self-energy. Calculations for IPD values of different chemical elements are performed with the electronic and ionic SFs. The ionic SFs are determined by solving the Ornstein–Zernike equation in combination with the hypernetted-chain closure relation. As a further application of our approach, we present results for the charge state distribution of aluminum plasmas at several temperatures and densities through solving the coupled Saha equations.
Resistive switching in a LaMnO3 + δ/TiN memory cell investigated by operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Meunier Benjamin , Martinez Eugénie , Rodriguez-Lamas Raquel , Pla Dolors , Burriel Mònica , Boudard Michel , Jiménez Carmen , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Renault Olivier
Published: December 2019

Transition metal oxides are promising candidates in the development of valence change memories thanks to their ability to present the valence change mechanism. The resistive switching mechanism of TiN/LaMnO3 + δ (LMO)/Pt devices was investigated by operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after careful in situ electrical characterization. The results presented here highlight the oxygen exchange process at the TiN/LMO interface. The active TiN top electrode acts as an oxygen getter, pumping O2− anions that are attracted by the positive bias and repelling them under negative bias. This drift of charged defects is correlated with variations of the interfacial resistance. Our results confirm the critical role of the TiN/LMO interface and oxygen drift in the resistive switching behavior of such devices.
Impurity incorporation and exchange interactions in Co2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets
Authors: Fainblat Rachel , Delikanli Savas , Spee Leon , Czerny Tamara , Isik Furkan , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Bacher Gerd
Published: December 2019

The intentional incorporation of transition metal impurities into colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals allows an extension of the host material’s functionality. While dopant incorporation has been extensively investigated in zero-dimensional quantum dots, the substitutional replacement of atoms in two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures by magnetic dopants has been reported only recently. Here, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of Co2+ ions into the shell of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets, using these ions (i) as microscopic probes for gaining distinct structural insights and (ii) to enhance the magneto-optical functionality of the host material. Analyzing interatomic Co2+ ligand field transitions, we conclude that Co2+ is incorporated into lattice sites of the CdS shell, and effects such as diffusion of dopants into the CdSe core or diffusion of the dopants out of the heterostructure causing self-purification play a minor role. Taking advantage of the absorption-based technique of magnetic circular dichroism, we directly prove the presence of sp-d exchange interactions between the dopants and the band charge carriers in CdSe/Co2+:CdS heteronanoplatelets. Thus, our study not only demonstrates magneto-optical functionality in 2D nanocrystals by Co2+ doping but also shows that a careful choice of the dopant type paves the way for a more detailed understanding of the impurity incorporation process into these novel 2D colloidal materials.
Biological control in Argentina.
Authors: Greco N. M. , Walsh G. C. , Luna M. G.
Published: December 2019

Biological control in Argentina has a longstanding tradition with records of natural enemy introductions since the beginning of the 20th century, mainly between 1900 and 1940. Eight predators, 70 parasitoids and seven pathogens have been introduced for arthropod control, plus eight weed biocontrol agents. Argentina has also provided 22 arthropod species to Africa, Australia, Canada and the USA for arthropod pest biocontrol. At least 26 agents from Argentina have been released against 24 weeds of South American origin around the world, notably for freshwater invaders. Fruit production and pine plantations still have the largest areas under some degree of classical biocontrol, yet the current impact of the agents is not well known. Citrus fruit flies are under experimental augmentative biocontrol with one parasitoid species and 1 million hectares under an IPM regime that includes cultural control, trapping and SIT technology. As for private initiatives, a small fraction of greenhouse tomatoes and peppers are under augmentative biocontrol. Augmentative releases are also made in sugarcane plantations and citrus groves. Finally, an extensive part of the Argentine territory is affected by thistles and skeleton weed, and several artificial and natural water bodies invaded by native aquatics are subject to classical biocontrol, although they are still important weeds in many areas. Despite the government's explicit endorsement, resources are scarce and applied biocontrol in all its forms is still sorely undeveloped in Argentina.
Biological control in Bolivia.
Authors: Franco J. P. , Crespo L. V. , Colmenarez Y. C. , Lenteren J. C. van
Published: December 2019

A number of introductions of parasitoids and predators were carried out in the 1950s for classical biological control of olive scale, woolly apple aphid, white peach scale, Mediterranean fruit fly and Anastrepha fruit fly, with control of cottony cushion scale by the coccinellid Rodolia being a particular success. In 1963, dipteran natural enemies were introduced for the control of sugarcane borers, Diatraea spp. Since 1963 native hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids have been field collected and re-released for control of the borers. In 1969 an IPM programme of sugarcane borers was started, and biocontrol in sugarcane in the period 1970-2000 mainly consisted of augmentative releases of hymenopteran and tachinid parasitoids. Another successful IPM programme dealt with control of potato moth species with a product - now commercially available - that contains a native strain of the granulosis virus Baculovirus phthorimaea and a native strain of Bacillus thuringiensis. Coffee berry borer was brought under biocontrol in the 1990s by releasing a hymenopteran parasitoid and application of an entomopathogenic fungus. An increased demand for organic products since 2000 has stimulated work on isolation, characterization, mass production, formulation and certification of a number of microbial control agents. These are used in many crops and examples are microbial control of pest in potato and quinoa. Many of the quinoa pests are kept under natural control by predators and parasitoids, which has been well documented during the past 10 years. Currently most pests in sugarcane and soybean are under a combination of natural, augmentative and classical biocontrol.
Biological control in Colombia.
Authors: Kondo T. , Manzano M. R. , Cotes A. M.
Published: December 2019

The history of biological control of agricultural pests in Colombia dates back to 1880. The first documented cases include both classical biocontrol and the use of biopesticides against insect pests. The need to protect four national production systems of great economic importance (oil palm, sugarcane, coffee and greenhouse flowers and vegetables crops) from arthropod pests by reducing insecticide use has stimulated the development of research centres that support, together with local universities, the research and implementation of augmentative biocontrol programmes. Conservation biocontrol is a recent activity in Colombia. Although there are more than 52 officially registered companies in the country that produce microbial control agents (entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, baculoviruses and antagonistic microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria), predators and parasitoids, it is necessary to implement more rigorous quality control programmes in the production phase. Additionally, there is only a small amount of officially registered biocontrol agents, which is a limiting factor in their commercialization. Despite the quantity and diversity of agents released in Colombia, there are only partial records of the area under biocontrol, which is estimated at approximately 550,000 ha. It is necessary to implement post-release monitoring studies to determine the effectiveness of the biocontrol agent used. As an obstacle in Colombia and several other countries, the application of the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is highlighted, which has made it very difficult or impossible to collect and export natural enemies which are essential for biocontrol programmes.
Biological control in French Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique.
Authors: Ryckewaert P. , Vayssières J. F.
Published: December 2019

Several biological control agents have been introduced successfully in French Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique: three tachinid dipterans and one hymenopteran for control of sugarcane borers, a ladybird and a hymenopteran parasitoid against the pink hibiscus mealybug, a hymenopteran parasitoid to control Asian citrus psyllid, another hymenopteran parasitoid against citrus blackfly and a hymenopteran parasitoid for control of fruit flies. Mass rearings of a lacewing and a Trichogramma egg parasitoid are being implemented in Martinique for augmentative biocontrol. Use of native natural enemies in conservation biocontrol projects is being initiated in several crops, after a period of intensive prospecting for natural enemies. A project started recently in French Guiana aims to control the mango mealybug by introducing two exotic parasitoids.
Biological control in Venezuela.
Authors: Vásquez C. , Ferrer F. , Colmenarez Y. C. , Morales Sanchez J.
Published: December 2019

Venezuela has a long history in application of pest biological control. The first attempts were recorded at the end of the 19th century with the use of Scelio famelicus for control of the migratory locust Schistocerca paranensis and continued in the middle of the 20th with the introduction of Rodolia cardinalis to control the citrus scale Icerya purchasi, Aphelinus mali for control of Eriosoma lanigera and the Amazonian fly Lydella minense to control the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharallis. Although chemical control has been widely used by Venezuelan farmers, biocontrol has been implemented in some crops such as sugarcane and maize partially due to the development of artificial diets that allowed the mass production of some parasitoids such as Trichogramma spp., Telenomus remus, Cotesia flavipes and the predators Chrysoperla carnea and Orius tristicolor. This review shows data on emblematic cases of the utilization of biocontrol in Venezuela and also the prospect of using other invertebrate organisms (arthropod, nematodes) as well as microorganisms in different crops. Finally, since Venezuela has a very rich biodiversity, it is presumed that a large number of entomopathogens, predators and parasitoids remain to be discovered and evaluated for potential use in biocontrol programmes, increasing the possibilities of the use of biocontrol agents in new crops, and a large range of studies to be done.
Cassava: taxonomy and botany.
Authors: Lebot V.
Published: December 2019

This chapter focuses on the taxonomic classification and morphological characteristics of cassava. Information on some related Manihot species and their cytological characteristics are also presented.
Yams: postharvest quality and marketing.
Authors: Lebot V.
Published: December 2019

This chapter focuses on the postharvest quality and marketing of yams. Chemical composition, physiological disorders, quality standards, storage methods, traditional processing techniques, and industrial processing are discussed.
Aroids: taxonomy and botany.
Authors: Lebot V.
Published: December 2019

This chapter focuses on the classification, plant morphology, and cytology of major cultivated and related Araceae species.
Aroids: developmental physiology.
Authors: Lebot V.
Published: December 2019

Taro and other aroids have a similar growth cycle, although for Alocasia and Cyrtosperma it is much longer than for Colocasia and Xanthosoma, which need to be replanted every year to produce good-quality corms and cormels. The life cycle of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is almost identical to that of taro, except for the greater duration (at least 16 months) of the period from seed germination to flowering. This chapter describes the growth cycle, photoperiodism, effect of temperature, nutrition, water deficit and stress, and climate change adaptation of aroids.
Effects of high stocking density on broiler chicken and turkeys.
Authors: Butterworth A.
Published: December 2019

Poultry, particularly broilers, have become a barometer for least cost production, and can be purchased in many supermarkets for less money per kg than some fruits and vegetables. This production philosophy places very significant pressure on chicken farmers, and on chickens - one inevitable result of which is to maximize the number of animals which can be farmed in a given space. This is the logic of economics, but is not based on the balance of probabilities that chickens kept at the highest stocking densities have a demonstrably reduced quality of life. What do chickens actually need? - nobody can truly say, but we can probably hazard some pretty good guesses. Chickens are sentient, capable of feeling pain and avoiding sources of stress and distress when they are given a choice. Free range and back yard birds show a large range of adaptive behaviours, but many of these behaviours cannot be expressed in intensive indoor conditions. Society asks a lot of the chicken - we expect it grow very fast (egg to plate in 36 days), to be affordable and available, and yet, most people also hope that the industry behind their chicken dinner will be practically invisible, and will provide good animal welfare. In this review, we focus on the impacts on animal welfare linked with high stocking densities. The European Commission decision to limit stocking density is in conflict with the viewpoint of many producers who want to increase the number of birds housed to improve their profit. In this review, we examine some of the published evidence for stocking density maxima, and discuss the role of pressurization of stocking density resulting from farming based only on price competition.
Effect of original grain size on microstructure and properties of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn biomedical alloy
Authors: shijie Zhou , hengquan Liu , nan Huang
Published: December 2019

Magnesium is a biocompatible and biodegradable metal, which has attracted much interest in biomedical engineering. Cast magnesium alloy shows the low strength and plasticity at ambient temperature. Microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation properties of the extrusion pressed
magnesium alloy have been investigated for biomedical application in detail by optical microscopes, mechanical properties testing and corrosion testing. The magnesium alloy ingots were gained by different cooling rate. Then the ingots were extrude into bar at the same processing condition.
The results show that the cooling rate of cast ingot is important factors that affect the properties of Mg alloy by dynamic recrystallisation extruding. The cooling rate of cast ingot has been successfully applied to control the microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of the
Mg alloy. Optical microscopy observation has indicated that the grain size of the dynamic recrystallisation extruding has been significantly decreased from fast cooling cast magnesium ingot, which has mainly contributed to the high tensile strength and good elongation. Fasting cooling rate
of cast ingot and dynamic recrystallisation extruding has provided moderate corrosion resistance, which has opened a new window for materials design, especially for biomedical.
Fabrication of CNTs reinforced copper composite powders by electrochemical co-deposition
Authors: Cai Xiaolan , Wang Ziyang , Yang Changjiang , Zhou Lei , Hu Cui , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2019

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced copper composite powders were fabricated by electrochemical co-deposition. The purification and modification of MWCNTs and the effect of surfactants on deposition process were studied to improve uniform distribution of CNTs in copper matrix and the
interfacial adhesion between them. The results indicate that MWCNTs treated by mixture concentrated acid generate many functional groups, such as hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, which greatly improve the hydrophily of CNTs and the co-deposition of CNTs and copper cation in the electrolyte.
Further, a good adhesion of CNTs in copper matrix is obtained in the present study as revealed through the micrograph analysis of as-deposited Cu/CNTs composite powders by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Temperature Dependence on Ferroelectric, Energy Storage Density, and Electric Field-Induced Strain Response of Lead-Free Bi0.485(Na0.388K0.097)Ba0.021Sr0.009TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Jaita Pharatree , Lertcumfu Narumon , Rujijanagul Gobwute
Published: December 2019

In this research, Bi0.485(Na0.388K0.097)Ba0.021Sr0.009TiO3 or BNKBSrT ceramic sintered at various temperatures from 1100 °C to 1150 °C were investigated. The optimum density (5.80 g/cm3),
mechanical (HK = 5.3 GPa, HV = 4.1 GPa, E = 62 GPa, and KIC = 1.35 MPa m1/2), dielectric (εr = 1525,
tanδ = 0.0566), piezoelectric (d33 = 172 pC/N, g33 = 12 × 10−3 Vm/N), electric field-induced strain (Smax = 0.32%, d*33 = Smax/Emax = 640 pm/V,
Q33 = 0.0340 m4/C2), and energy storage (W = 0.55 J/cm3, η = 67.2% @ 150 °C) were obtained for the ceramic sintered at 1125 °C.
Investigation of Multiferroic Properties of Spinel Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and Ferroelectric (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3) Composites
Authors: Bhasin Tanvi , Agarwal Ashish , Sanghi Sujata , Yadav Manisha , Meenal  , Singh Jogender
Published: December 2019

The composites of ZnFe2O4 and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 were synthesized by solid state reaction route. XRD analysis revealed the formation of two phase system successfully. Rietveld analysis of XRD data confirm that composites having cubic
and rhombohedral corresponding to ferrite and ferroelectric phase respectively. The FESEM-EDX studies disclose that average grain sizes are ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 μm. The dielectric constant (ɛ’) and tanδ both shows dispersion at low frequencies and both increases
with temperature due to increase in thermally activated hopping. Conductivity curves of each sample follow the universal power law. M–H plots suggest the paramagnetic behavior of these composites.
Characterization and Mathematical Modelling of Geometric Effects on Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Jawaid Hareem , Qureshi Waqar Ahmed , Pasha Riffat Asim , Malik Rizwan Ahmed
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the characterization and static structural analysis of piezoelectric actuator to investigate the sequential increasing effect of piezoelectric patches. The effect on the tip deflection is observed analytically, numerically and experimentally. By varying the quantity
and the geometry of piezoelectric patches/beams, the actuation effect is analyzed. A mathematical model has been developed for the unequal lengths of patches and beam. The analysis is carried out numerically to examine the tip deflection under various parameters. The results are analyzed and
verified experimentally. The results are found to be in accordance with the analytical and numerical results. This permits the desired configuration of an actuator in applications like hydraulic valves for actuating and controlling the flow of liquid as per need.
Influence of Temperature-Time Mode of Crystallization on Electrophysical Characteristics of the Polypropylene/Magnetite Nanocomposite
Authors: Ramazanov M. A. , Shirinova H. A. , Hajiyeva F. V. , Karimova A. Kh.
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the influence of the temperature–time mode of crystallization (TTC) on the electrophysical properties of polymer-based PP + Fe3O4 nanocomposite materials was investigated. Also, the effect of the temperature-time mode of
crystallization of nanocomposites on the negative magnetoresistance (NMR) effect that observed in this material was investigated. It was found that dielectric permittivity of polymer nanocomposites rises with increasing of cooling rate. The cooling rate of nanocomposites after hot-pressing
also affects the NMR effect of these materials. The conductivity of the material under the influence of magnetic field improves with increasing of its cooling rate, which leads to increasing of NMR effect.
C. elegans pronuclei fuse after fertilization through a novel membrane structure
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Chang Irene Y. , Harned Adam , Maheshwari Richa , Amoateng Kwabena , Narayan Kedar , Cohen-Fix Orna
Published: December 2019

After fertilization, parental genomes are enclosed in two separate pronuclei. In Caenorhabditis elegans, and possibly other organisms, when the two pronuclei first meet, the parental genomes are separated by four pronuclear membranes. To understand how these membranes are breached to allow merging of parental genomes we used focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to study the architecture of the pronuclear membranes at nanometer-scale resolution. We find that at metaphase, the interface between the two pronuclei is composed of two membranes perforated by fenestrations ranging from tens of nanometers to several microns in diameter. The parental chromosomes come in contact through one of the large fenestrations. Surrounding this fenestrated, two-membrane region is a novel membrane structure, a three-way sheet junction, where the four membranes of the two pronuclei fuse and become two. In the plk-1 mutant, where parental genomes fail to merge, these junctions are absent, suggesting that three-way sheet junctions are needed for formation of a diploid genome.
An Integrable Matrix Camassa-Holm Equation*
Authors: Chan Li-Feng , Xia Bao-Qiang , Zhou Ru-Guang
Published: December 2019

We present an integrable sl(2)-matrix Camassa-Holm (CH) equation. The integrability means that the equation possesses zero-curvature representation and infinitely many conservation laws. This equation includes two undetermined functions, which satisfy a system of constraint conditions and may be reduced to a lot of known multi-component peakon equations. We find a method to construct constraint condition and thus obtain many novel matrix CH equations. For the trivial reduction matrix CH equation we construct its N-peakon solutions.
Effects of Thermal Radiation and Slip Mechanism on Mixed Convection Flow of Williamson Nanofluid Over an Inclined Stretching Cylinder
Authors: Khan Masood , Hamid Aamir , Hashim
Published: December 2019

The current investigation highlights the mixed convection slip flow and radiative heat transport of uniformly electrically conducting Williamson nanofluid yield by an inclined circular cylinder in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. A Lorentzian magnetic body force model is employed and magnetic induction effects are neglected. The governing equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with associated boundary conditions by applying scaling group transformations. The reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fifth-order method with shooting technique. The effects of magnetic field, Prandtl number, mixed convection parameter, buoyancy ratio parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, mass transfer parameter, radiation parameter and Schmidt number on the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the velocity of the fluid decreases with decrease in curvature parameter, whereas it increases with mixed convection parameter. Further, the local Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the radiation parameter. The numerical comparison is also presented with the existing published results and found that the present results are in excellent agreement which also confirms the validity of the present methodology.
FEM for Blood-Based SWCNTs Flow Through a Circular Cylinder in a Porous Medium with Electromagnetic Radiation*
Authors: R. Eid Mohamed , Al-Hossainy A. F. , Zoromba M. Sh.
Published: December 2019

This work aims to study magnetohydrodynamic flow through a circular cylinder in a horizontal position of SWCNTs in blood as a base fluid in the existence of non-linear thermal radiation and heat source/sink. Three kinds of nanoparticles shapes are considered. The study is employed the finite element technique to explore and enhance the influences of essential parameters on temperature profiles and is debated the heat transport within blood injects with SWCNTs and exposes to electromagnetic radiation. The treatment with thermal analysis and heat transfer rate being a better substitute more than surgery and chemotherapy for cancer therapy. Utilizing of nanoparticles thermal features is a mounting area of nanomedicine field because of the probable for purposeful demolition of cancer cells. This remedy is relied on many parameters, including nanofluid thermal conductivity, nanoparticles volume fraction, thermal radiation and power and heat source. The numerical solutions for flow and heat transfer features are assessed for diverse governing parameters values. The obtained results are substantiated against the relevant numerical results in the published researches. Results show that both flow velocity and temperature increase for larger values of thermal radiation, heat source and SWCNTs volume fraction with lamina and cylinder shapes. Also, spherical shape of SWCNTs occurs high disturbances in velocity and temperature distribution in the case of cooled cylinder.
The Phase Sensitivities for Different Phase-Shift Configurations in an SU(1,1) Interferometer*
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhong Wei , Zhou Lan , Sheng Yu-Bo
Published: December 2019

We theoretically study the phase sensitivities of two different phase-shift configurations in an SU(1,1) interferometer with coherent ⊗ squeezed vacuum states. According to quantum Cramér-Rao theorem, we analytically obtain the ultimate phase sensitivities for two types of phase shift accumulating in one- and two-arm. Compared with the case of one-arm phase shift, the model with phase shift encoding in both arms may provide a better sensitivity when the strength of squeezed vacuum state is large enough. Furthermore, we discuss the achievable sensitivities with the homodyne measurement by invoking of error-propagation formula. In addition, we study the effect of internal and outernal photon losses on the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer and find that the unbalanced interferometer is helpful to improve precision even with high external losses.
An Improved Heterogeneous Mean-Field Theory for the Ising Model on Complex Networks*
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Han-Shuang
Published: December 2019

Heterogeneous mean-field theory is commonly used methodology to study dynamical processes on complex networks, such as epidemic spreading and phase transitions in spin models. In this paper, we propose an improved heterogeneous mean-field theory for studying the Ising model on complex networks. Our method shows a more accurate prediction in the critical temperature of the Ising model than the previous heterogeneous mean-field theory. The theoretical results are validated by extensive Monte Carlo simulations in various types of networks.
Geometric scaling of two-level-system loss in superconducting resonators
Authors: Niepce David , Burnett Jonathan J , Latorre Martí Gutierrez , Bylander Jonas
Published: December 2019

We perform an experimental and numerical study of dielectric loss in superconducting microwave resonators at low temperature. Dielectric loss, due to two-level systems, is a limiting factor in several applications, e.g. superconducting qubits, Josephson parametric amplifiers, microwave kinetic-inductance detectors, and superconducting single-photon detectors. Our devices are made of disordered NbN, which, due to magnetic-field penetration, necessitates 3D finite-element simulation of the Maxwell–London equations at microwave frequencies to accurately model the current density and electric field distribution. From the field distribution, we compute the geometric filling factors of the lossy regions in our resonator structures and fit the experimental data to determine the intrinsic loss tangents of its interfaces and dielectrics. We put emphasis on the loss caused by a spin-on-glass resist such as hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), used for ultrahigh lithographic resolution relevant to the fabrication of nanowires. We find that, when used, HSQ is the dominant source of loss, with a loss tangent of

δ

HSQ

i

=
8
×

10

−
3

.
Heralded amplification of nonlocality via entanglement swapping
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshiaki , You Chenglong , Wakui Kentaro , Fujiwara Mikio , Hayasaka Kazuhiro , Miki Shigehito , Terai Hirotaka , Sasaki Masahide , Dowling Jonathan P , Takeoka Masahiro
Published: December 2019

To observe the loophole-free violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality between distant two parties, i.e. the CHSH value

S
>
2

, the main limitation of distance stems from the loss in the transmission channel. The entanglement swapping relay (ESR) is a simple way to amplify the signal and enables us to evade the impact of the transmission loss. Here, we experimentally test the heralded nonlocality amplifier protocol based on the ESR. We observe that the obtained probability distribution is in excellent agreement with those expected by the numerical simulation with experimental parameters which are precisely characterized in a separate measurement. Moreover, we experimentally estimate the nonlocality of the heralded state after the transmission of 10 dB loss just before final detection. The estimated CHSH value is

S
=
2.113
>
2

, which indicates that our final state possesses nonlocality even with transmission loss and various experimental imperfections. Our result clarifies an important benchmark of the ESR protocol, and paves the way towards the long-distance realization of the loophole-free CHSH-violation as well as device-independent quantum key distribution.
Study of Geologically Consistent History Matching Peculiarities by Means of Gradient-Free Optimization Methods
Authors: Shiryaev I M , Zakirov E S , Indrupskiy I M
Published: December 2019

This paper presents some results and distinctive features of the algorithm for automated history matching of 3D reservoir flow models using gradient-free methods. Widely used Nelder-Mead method was chosen for optimization. In order to preserve geological consistency of a model within the history matching process, control parameters are comprised of “porosity-to-permeability” relation parameters, anisotropic (semi)variogram parameters, and reservoir properties at pilot points. The control parameters are used at each iteration of the history matching process to generate porosity and permeability distributions based on static well data and perform flow simulations. Test studies were conducted for a specially developed synthetic model representing a inhomogeneous five-spot well pattern element. Oil flow rates at production wells and water flow rate at the injection well, as well as bottomhole pressures of all wells were chosen as measured dynamic data in the objective function. The influence of initial guess of parameter values and relative weights in the objective function on the quality of reconstruction of the ‘true’ solution and convergence rate were evaluated. Problems of gradient-free optimization methods application and specific features of residuals normalization in the objective function, as well as influence of pilot points are discussed.
On the hamiltonian formulation of an octonionic integrable extension for the Korteweg-de Vries equation
Authors: Fernández Mercedes , Restuccia Alvaro , Sotomayor Adrián
Published: December 2019

We present in this work the hamiltonian formulation of an octonionic extension for the Korteweg-de Vries equation. The formulation takes into account the non commmutativity and non associativity of the implicit algebra which defines the equation. We also analize the Poisson structure of the hamiltonian formulation. We propose a parametric master Lagrangian which contains the two hamiltonian structures of the integrable octonionic equation.