bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated Immunoglobulin E Serum Levels: Possible Underlying Factors That Can Cause an Inborn Error of Immunity in the Pediatric Population with Recurrent Infections
Authors: Oprițescu Sînziana , Nițescu Viorela , Cîrnațu Daniela , Trifunschi Svetlana , Munteanu Melania , Golumbeanu Mihaela , Boghițoiu Dora , Dărăban Adriana Maria , Ilie Elena Iuliana , Moroșan Elena
Published: April 2024

Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are commonly associated with allergies. However, high IgE levels are also found in several other infectious and non-infectious disorders. Elevated IgE levels typically suggest allergies, eczema, or recurrent skin infections. Very high IgE levels are uncommon in patients with active eczema but typically reflect a monogenic atopic condition or inborn immune defects with an atopic phenotype. The aim of our research is to identify if the possible cause of high IgE levels is also dependent on external factors, age, or associated recurrent pathologies such as infections. To answer this question, we performed a one-year retrospective study that included 200 hospitalized children who had at least two viral or bacterial infections in the six months preceding hospitalization. Measurements of IgE and allergen panels (respiratory and digestive) using blood samples revealed that individuals who tested positive for the body’s synthesis of hyperimmunoglobulin E were not observably allergic to any potential allergens despite having higher total serum IgE. According to the results, there was a strong correlation between elevated IgE serum levels and a history of infectious diseases among the patients.
Augmented Two-Stage Hierarchical Controller for Distributed Power Generation System Powered by Renewable Energy: Development and Performance Analysis
Authors: Bhutto Javed Khan
Published: April 2024

The sustainable development of an area is highly dependable on reliable electrical energy supply. Microgrids are important in integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) using power electronic converters. However, microgrid control becomes challenging with the increasing number of distributed generators and loads. With the conventional droop control method, power contributions from DER converters cannot be accurately shared due to a mismatch of line impedances. In this paper, an augmented hierarchical control mechanism is proposed to solve the issues mentioned above. This hierarchical control mechanism consists of primary and secondary controllers. The primary stage utilized the droop controller to improve optimal power flow, mainly for the resistive network. The secondary stage is based on an improved methodology to compensate for the voltage and frequency variations during small and large signal disturbances. Moreover, the modelling and analysis for PMSG-based wind energy conversion systems are also presented. The response of the primary controller for the active and reactive power sharing is investigated. The analysis emphasizes the demonstration of optimal power-sharing under normal and abnormal conditions for the considered load. Finally, the suggested robust controller's performance is evaluated in MATLAB environment and simulation results show the proposed scheme's superiority under different operating conditions.
Exploring the Prevalence and Severity of Global Hunger and Food Insecurity: Recent Dynamics and Sub-Saharan Africa’s Burden
Authors: Otekunrin Olutosin Ademola
Published: April 2024

One of today’s most critical challenges is ensuring a sufficient food production and supply for the ever-expanding global population. Recently, many countries around the world, particularly those in Africa, grapple with severe hunger and food insecurity, frequently exacerbated by escalating global prices, persistent insecurity, and the repercussion of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this study undertook an extensive review of the prevalence and severity of hunger and food insecurity across diverse countries and regions. The review utilised several metrics, including Global Hunger Index (GHI) scores, Global Food Security index (GFSI) scores, 2023 data (related to two Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) target) from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and other pertinent sources to assess the current status of the countries included in this study. The 20 countries with 2023 GHI scores below 5 were collectively ranked from 1 to 20, signifying low hunger levels. However, Central African Republic (CAR) received the lowest ranking at 125 out of 125, with a score of 42.3, indicating an alarming level of hunger. Finland achieved the highest GFSI score of 83.7, with Oman showing the most notable GFSI improvement at +13.8, while Syria experienced a significant decline in GFSI score by -10.5. Over time, many countries, particularly the developed ones, witnessed significant improvement in their GHI and GFSI scores. Meanwhile, most countries in sub-Saharan Africa experienced the most deterioration in their GFSI scores and notable increases in their GHI scores. The review documented the significant progress made by countries and regions in reducing levels of hunger and food insecurity, while highlighting the substantial burden borne by sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in combating global hunger and food insecurity.
Artificial neural network and discrete wavelet transform for inter-turn short circuit and broken rotor bars faults diagnosis under various operating conditions
Authors: Rouaibia R. , Djeghader Y. , Moussaoui L.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. This work presents a methodology for detecting inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) and broken rotor bars (BRB) fault in variable speed induction machine controlled by field oriented control. If any of these faults are not detected at an early stage, it may cause an unexpected shutdown of the industrial processes and significant financial losses. Purpose. For these reasons, it is important to develop a new diagnostic system to detect in a precautionary way the ITSC and BRB at various load condition. We propose the application of discrete wavelet transform to overcome the limitation of traditional technique for no-stationary signals. The novelty of the work consists in developing a diagnosis system that combines the advantages of both the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and artificial neural network (ANN) to identify and diagnose defects, related to both ITSC and BRB faults. Methods. The suggested method involves analyzing the electromagnetic torque signal using DWT to calculate the stored energy at each level of decomposition. Then, this energy is applied to train neural network classifier. The accuracy of ANN based on DWT, was improved by testing different orthogonal wavelet functions on simulated signal. The selection process identified 5 pertinent wavelet energies, concluding that, Daubechies44 (db44) is the best suitable mother wavelet function for effectively detecting and classifying failures in machines. Results. We applied numerical simulations by MATLAB/Simulink software to demonstrate the validity of the suggested techniques in a closed loop induction motor drive. The obtained results prove that this method can identify and classify these types of faults under various loads of the machine. References 31, table 1, figures 9.
PROSPECTIVE LITHIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASS-CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR PULSE RANGEFINDERS
Authors: Savvova Oksana , Tur Oleh , Voronov Hennadii , Fesenko Oleksii , Babich Olena , Smyrnova Yuliia
Published: April 2024

The relevance of creating multi-functional nanosecond pulsed laser devices with a generation wavelength that lies in the conditionally eye-safe region of the spectrum of 1.5÷1.6 μm has been established. The prospects of using the mode of passive Q-switching when receiving powerful nanosecond laser pulses with a radiation divergence close to the diffraction one have been determined. Materials for shutters that function in the mode of passive Q-switching were analyzed: solid-state nonlinear optical materials based on single crystals of yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cations of neodymium, chromium, vanadium and other Nd- or Yb-doped crystals in the wavelength range of 0.8–1.2 μm. The promising use of oxide single crystals activated by Co2+ ions in four-coordinated oxygen positions for MgAl2O4, LiGa5O8, LaMgAl11O19 has been confirmed. The feasibility of developing transparent glass-ceramics based on aluminomagnesium and lithium gallium spinel for pulsed ranging was determined, taking into account its commercial availability, the simplicity of the production technology, as well as the homogeneity of the distribution of the activator in the volume. The feasibility of creating a new type of nonlinear optical materials based on nanostructured heat-resistant lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramics with spinel nanocrystals activated by Co2+ ions under low-temperature heat treatment conditions, has been determined. The purpose and tasks of the work are formulated, which consist in justifying the choice of the system and compositions of glasses for obtaining glass-ceramic materials as a passive laser shutter for powerful lasers that operate at a wavelength of 1.54 μm and are characterized by high heat resistance. The choice of the lithium aluminosilicate system R2O – RO – RO2 – P2O5 – R2O3 – SiO2 based on phase-forming SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, modifying K2O is substantiated; RO – MgO, ZnO, CaO, SrO, BaO components and a complex crystallization catalyst of P2O5, CeO2, TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2 and ZnO. The structural criteria for the glass matrix were formulated. Compositions of model glasses were designed taking into account the calculated parameters fSi > 0.22, Kсr ≥ 3.5, Ktr ≥ 2.1, and the probability of obtaining transparent glass-ceramic materials with a sitallized structure for pulse rangefinders was established on their basis.
DISCUSSION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PURE WATER IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BJERRUM MODEL
Authors: Malafayev Nikolay , Gaponova Olena , Shkolnikova Tetiana
Published: April 2024

An alternative mechanism of electrical conductivity and ionization of molecules in pure water is considered. Calculation of the temperature dependence for the activation energy of ionization of water molecules was carried out using data on the value of its ionic product. The calculated activation energies for the ionization and flow processes show the presence of a certain proportionality between them. This suggests that the ionization of water is caused by intermolecular forces rather than intramolecular forces. Accordingly, the electrical conductivity of water is associated with the appearance and movement in it of L and D defects of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which have significant electrical pseudo charges and are considered in the Bjerrum model for ice. This work proposes a new interpretation of the mechanism of ionization (pseudoionization) of molecules and generation of L and D defects in water. Rotation is considered not for one, but for two of its molecules in opposite directions with partial compensation of their angular momentum, and the breaking of not three bonds for one molecule, but four bonds with neighbors for two molecules. Moreover, these four neighbors do not include molecules from water clusters that have stronger bonds, since neighboring molecules with weaker bonds can be found for the process of rotation activation. Accordingly, the exponential contribution made by molecules from water clusters is absent or small in the ionization activation energy. In this way, the activation energy for the flow, which occurs throughout the entire volume of the liquid and automatically includes molecules from clusters, differs from the activation energy of electrical conductivity, which occurs for individual molecules in chains of bonds. The presence of a maximum in the ionic product of water near 250 ⁰C can be explained by the rapid decrease in the lifetime of L and D defects with heating, which prevents the use of the standard equation for accurate calculation of the ionization activation energy above 100...200 ⁰C. However, the presence of this maximum contradicts the generally accepted model of proton hopping between neighboring hydronium and water molecules in the mechanism of its electrical conductivity.
MAINTAINING GAS RECOVERY IN LOW-PERMEABILITY FORMATIONS
Authors: Lubkov Michail Valeryevich , Mosiichuk Kateryna Alexandrovna
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work was to ensure efficient gas production in low-permeability and heterogeneous formations by numerically modeling the distribution of reservoir pressure drop around production and injection wells. To investigate this goal, we used a simulation based on the combined finite-element-difference method for nonstationary Leibenson piezoelectric conductivity problems. The method is based on the combination of elements of the already known finite difference and finite element methods for the nonstationary piezoelectric conductivity problem.
The study found that there are many factors that affect the process of maintaining gas production in poorly permeable areas of a gas-bearing formation. Among them, first of all, after increasing the permeability of the corresponding section of the reservoir where production is created. Another important factor for maintaining gas recovery is the ability to naturally or artificially maintain gas phase infiltration within the affected reservoir area. This aspect is especially important for ensuring stable gas recovery over a long period of operation.
During the intensive and long-term operation of the working area of the gas-bearing formation, additional injection wells were installed in the complex of production wells to avoid its depletion. It is important to note that provided a high level of gas phase penetration at the beginning of field operation, other factors of the production process, such as additional production wells and infiltration within the working area, have a lesser impact on the overall pressure distribution in this area.
Thus, the study shows that with the passage of time and prolonged operation of the working section of the reservoir, the influence of its penetration decreases, but the importance of injected substances in the injection wells and gas phase infiltration within this section of the reservoir increases.
DETERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF MATERIALS FOR INDIVIDUAL ARMOR PROTECTION
Authors: Riabinin Sviatoslav , Zakharov Artem , Maizelis Antonina , Prytychenko Hanna
Published: April 2024

An analysis of world experience in the direction of modern developments of high-strength aluminosilicate glass-crystalline materials, in particular, in the creation of lightweight armor, was carried out. The trends and current state of the glass-ceramics market from 2019 to 2023 have been determined, and an increase in demand for glass-crystalline materials for technical purposes has been established. It was determined that the orientation of the global glass-ceramic market towards fragmentation will allow domestic manufacturers to reduce import dependence and increase the competitiveness of domestic glass-ceramic materials on the world market. The prospect of using high-strength aluminosilicate glass-crystalline materials as a basis for the production of armor protection elements has been established. The criteria for the synthesis of high-strength armored steels have been selected. The choice of oxide systems for the production of protective glass-crystalline materials is substantiated, model glasses are synthesized and the technological parameters of production of impact-resistant sitals, which include cooking, forming, annealing and heat treatment, are determined. Model glasses were synthesized and their structure under thermal treatment conditions was investigated in relation to the physical and chemical properties of the materials based on them. It was established that the developed glass-crystalline materials based on lithium disilicate are characterized by high operational properties and can be used in the creation of modern armor. It was established that the developed high-strength spodumene glass-crystalline materials under the conditions of low-temperature two-stage heat treatment are characterized by high operational properties and can be used as a basis for the development of a composite element of individual armor protection. A comparative assessment of the operational properties and technical and economic indicators of known ceramic and glass-ceramic materials for armor protection made it possible to establish the competitiveness of the developed domestic spodumene-containing materials as elements of individual protection.
DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM POWER OF AN ABSORPTION HEAT PUMP WHEN IT INTEGRATING TO PT-60/70-130/13 THERMAL SCHEME
Authors: Shubenko Oleksandr , Usatyi Oleksandr , Babak Mikola , Forkun Yana , Senetskyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The problem of determining the optimal thermal power of an absorption heat pump with steam heating at one-stage regeneration (COP = 1.71) is solved. The heat pump is integrated into the thermal scheme of PT-60/70-130/13 steam turbine. The heat supply schedule for this steam turbine cycle is 150/70 °С. The installation also produces steam for technological needs. The thermal and flow rate characteristics of an absorption heat pump are determined using the constructed and proposed approximation mathematical model. Based on the analysis and existing experience, an optimization problem was formulated. The goal function is to select the integrated absorption heat optimal power pump with the condition of optimal energy fuel consumption. The search for the optimal thermal power of an absorption heat pump was carried out under the condition of steam release through a controlled production turbine extraction with parameters of 1.296 MPa, 280 °C. Options for variable steam consumption for process needs (0, 20, 50 and 80 t/h) were considered. The condition was constancy of consumption throughout the year. The results obtained showed that, relative to all considered turbine loading modes, the optimal power value of the absorption heat pump is identical and amounts to ~ 17.25 MW. Calculation studies have shown that at a cost of electricity of 0.13 USD/(kWh) and equivalent fuel of 309 USD/t, a power unit with PT-60/70-130/13 turbine and an integrated absorption heat pump (thermal power 15–18 MW) with a production load of more than 20 t/h of steam, as well as a consumption of recycled network water for heat supply of more than ~ 1550 t/h, the payback of the energy saving project will be achieved in less than 3 years. The next positive effect is that fuel savings can reduce CO2 emissions by 9321 tons and NOx by 48 tons. According to research results, we observe a positive environmental effect from the integration of an absorption heat pump into the existing thermal scheme.
DESIGN OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE OF PUMP-TURBINE
Authors: Tynyanova Irina , Rezvaya Kseniya , Drankovskiy Viktor , Savenkov Dmytro , Tynianov Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The problem of the need to develop renewable energy sources as a way to save the energy supply and energy independence of Ukraine by changing the consumption of carbohydrates is considered. It is shown that the development of Ukrainian renewable energy must occur in parallel with the development of energy storage systems and balancing of the energy system. The most effective system for storing energy and balancing the energy system is pumped storage power stations (PSPS). The work shows that the design of a highly effective equipment of a hydroelectric power plant depends on the correct selection of the element geometry of the pump-turbine water passage. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the necessary level of energy characteristics of hydraulic equipment. A method of dimensionless average parameters was established, which allows even at the initial stages of designing new reversible hydraulic machines to determine the optimal geometry of the watter passage elements. This method showed good results during the numerical research of Francis hydraulic turbines at a wide range of heads, as well as reversible hydromachines at heads of 300–500 m. Using expressions that establish the connection of hydrodynamic characteristics with dimensionless complexes, three variants of the flow part of the high-pressure pump-turbines (ORO500) were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a significant influence of the geometry on the hydraulic indicators of the machine was noted. The distribution of energy losses in the inlet, blade system and outlet was analyzed. The greatest energy losses occur in the inlet of the pump-turbines. To increase the energy and kinematic indicators of the ORO500 pump-turbines, the geometry of the feed elements, as well as the spiral casing and stator, was changed. Variants for improving the parameters in the elements of the supply of the water passage of the pump-turbine are proposed.
SIMULATION OF A WELL JET PUMP WORKING PROCESS
Authors: Panevnyk Denys
Published: April 2024

A mathematical model of the movement of the working flow in the flow part of the jet pump was developed based on the use of a radial function of a complex variable with a shifted leakage center. According to the accepted model, the working fluid radially asymmetrically exits from the displaced leakage center in all directions. The distance to the center of the leak has an inverse effect on the rate of spread of the working fluid. The offset turn of the radial function allows you to take into account the misalignment of the working nozzle and the mixing chamber due to poor manufacturing of jet pump parts. The vector of the complex potential with a shifted origin is defined as the difference of vectors whose origin is at the center of coordinates, and the endpoints characterize the initial and final positions of the shifted function. Using the equation of the potential of velocities and the stream function, the relationship for the complex potential of the plane-radial and spatial working flow with one-way and two-way displacement of the leakage center is obtained. The kinematic picture of the movement of the working medium is determined by a spatial hydrodynamic grid formed by equipotential surfaces and flow surfaces of leakage functions, which has the form of orthogonally placed coaxial spheres and radial meridional planes. The leakage displacement determines the deviation of the axis of the working nozzle from the axis of the displacement chamber of the jet pump. It is established that the velocity profiles of the radial flow with a displaced leak lose their similarity and the series of kinematic curves cannot be replaced by a single dimensionless dependence that would determine the flow kinematics regardless of the distance between the leak point and the inlet cross- section of the mixing chamber of the jet pump. The displacement of the leakage center has an inverse effect on the radial flow rate and decreases with increasing distance to the mixing chamber. As the value of the leakage displacement increases, the asymmetry of the velocity profile increases and its unevenness increases. Superimposition of the obtained characteristic function of the asymmetric radial flow and the vortex function of the complex variable allows to determine the structure of the mixed flow equation when simulating the rotation process of the jet pump in the well.
MODIFICATION OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER USING CAD
Authors: Shevchenko Nataliia , Lebedynets Denys
Published: April 2024

Currently, during the design of hydraulic machines, specialized software is widely used. The work presents an overview of modern programs that use a system of automated design of centrifugal pumps. The modern approach to the design of centrifugal pumps is based on the joint solution of direct and inverse problems of the theory of the working process in hydraulic machines. The purpose of the work is to develop the impeller of a centrifugal sectional pump with the following parameters: a liquid volume of 6 m3 per hour and a pressure of 140 m. The pump is used to supply crude oil to the recuperators of the small distillation unit SDU-20 of the oil refinery. In the sectional pump, it is possible to compose packages of impellers of various designs. The lack of publicly available geometric dimensions of the impeller of a centrifugal sectional pump for the required parameters makes it difficult to choose an effective mode of operation. Therefore, the task of designing and researching the impellers of the VNS type pump using CAD in the ANSYS CFD software environment is relevant. The work uses the free academic version of ANSYS CFD. The work presents a description of the main stages of design and research of a centrifugal pump. The geometric dimensions and kinematic parameters of the pump were analyzed and selected according to the jet classical theory and calculation results in the Vista CPD program. The overall efficiency of the pump at the preliminary design stage reaches 50 %. At the second stage, the direct task of computer 3D modeling in the Ansys CFX software environment is solved. Determination of the hydrodynamic and energy characteristics of the pump is carried out. The paper presents the results of a numerical study of three variants of the pump impeller, which are used to predict the mode of efficient operation of a centrifugal pump.
DESIGN SPECIFICS OF A BUILT-IN DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC MACHINES
Authors: Fatyeyev Oleksandr , Fatieieva Nadiia , Poliakov Valerii , Shyian Anatolii , Radchenko Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The basis for obtaining information about the object of diagnosis is technical diagnostic tools, which involve measuring operations of various parameters, the totality of which is the basis of the diagnostic process. Diagnostic tools are divided into external, portable (mobile) and built-in. Built- in technical diagnostic tools are considered. The built-in diagnostic system (BDS) is an autonomous complex for automatic checking of the degree of operability and serviceability of units and the hydraulic drive as a whole, which allows, within limited limits, to localize some faults based on the results of monitoring diagnostic and functional parameters in operational or special test modes, and the diagnostic results can be presented to the operator or accumulated for further processing. Compared to other built-in diagnostic tools, BDSs are the most complex and relatively new devices. They are in the process of development, prototyping, and experimental research. A set of diagnostic equipment was designed, namely: designing a unit of measuring instrumentation; designing a load device for diagnosing pumps and taking load characteristics directly at the facility. The designed set of diagnostic devices is used as an integrated diagnostic system (due to built-in sensors), as well as a separate diagnostic complex due to the ability to connect external sensors. The values of the diagnostic parameters measured by this complex can be recorded on an internal memory card or transferred via wireless Bluetooth to a PC or Android device (smartphone, tablet) for further processing. A study was also carried out to assess the strength of the hydrotester body using a computational and analytical method (using the finite element method in the Ansys Static Structural environment), which is equivalent to full-scale testing in terms of boundary conditions and achievable results. Based on the calculation results, it is possible to assert that the choice of material and structural dimensions of the designed device were chosen rationally.
ANALYSIS OF OPAC SATISFACTION LEVEL IN POLITEKNIK KESELAMATAN TRANSPORTASI JALAN LIBRARY WITH PIECES FRAMEWORK
Authors: Ikapraja Bagus , Siswanto Joko
Published: April 2024

OPAC becomes a necessity to facilitate college library services. OPAC has a significant effect on the quality of user service satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. 4 stages of research were carried out which consisted of identification, indicator development, data analysis, results and findings stages. The PIECES Framework was adopted to develop indicators to analyze the level of satisfaction with 263 users as respondents. The results of the analysis show that there is 1 indicator (performance) with a satisfactory level of satisfaction, and 5 indicators (information, economic, control, efficiency, and service) with a very satisfied level of satisfaction. These results can be used as a reference for making improvements to improve the quality of library services from the perspective of OPAC user satisfaction.
IMPLEMENTASI QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR MENGGUNAKAN LANGCHAIN DAN LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL BERBASIS CHATBOT TELEGRAM
Authors: Aji Bayu Permadi  , Nazruddin Safaat H  , Lestari Handayani  , Yusra
Published: April 2024

Tafsir merupakan sebuah gerbang utama bagi seorang muslim untuk mempelajari dan memahami isi kandungan dari ayat-ayat yang terdapat di dalam Al-Quran, salah satu contohnya adalah Tafsir Al-Azhar. Tafsir Al-Azhar merupakan tafsir karya Profesor Dr.Hamka yang memperlihatkan bagaimana cara Dr. Hamka menghubungkan antara sejarah islam modern dengan studi Al-Quran. Tafsir Al-Azhar mempunyai halaman yang sangat banyak,  sehingga membutuhkan kerja yang lebih ketika kita ingin mencari suatu informasi dari tafsir tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah sistem yang mampu menerima pertanyaan seputar Tafsir Al-Azhar dalam bentuk bahasa alami, serta menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dengan kata-kata yang mudah dipahami oleh pengguna. Adapun teknologi yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini seperti Langchain dan Large Language Model, untuk pengimplementasiannya menggunakan chatbot telegram, karena telegram merupakan aplikasi yang sudah terkenal dan sudah banyak digunakan oleh banyak orang, dan juga telegram mempunyai interface yang ramah, sehingga tidak membuat pengguna kebingungan ketika menggunakannya. Sistem Question Answering ini diuji menggunakan UAT dan framework DeepEval, hasil dari pengujian UAT berupa skor akurasi sebesar 83.71%, sedangkan hasil dari pengujian menggunakan framework DeepEval, berupa skor hallucination sebesar 41 %, contextual precision sebesar 90 %, contextual recall sebesar 81 %, dan contextual relevancy 79 %.
LOS VALORES DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA EN EL ACUERDO DE DIÁLOGO POLÍTICO Y COOPERACIÓN CON CUBA
Authors: Villarreal Lesmes Victoria Margarita
Published: April 2024

The work proposes recommendations for political dialogue between Cuba and the European Union based on the values ​​in the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement signed between both parties. It delves into the role of these values ​​as catalysts for sustainable development in Cuban society. At the same time, it underlines its repercussions in times of crisis based on the extrinsic and intrinsic functions that they must develop in the context of European Union-Cuba relations.
EL EQUILIBRIO DEL PODER BLANDO UNIÓN EUROPEA - CHINA Y SU RELACIÓN CON AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Moreno Picón Alicia
Published: April 2024

China y la Unión Europea constituyen dos actores importantes en el escenario global. De acuerdo con el concepto de poder blando, acuñado por el politólogo Joseph Nye, el poder de atracción para lograr objetivos políticos a través del atractivo más que a través de medios económicos o militares, lo constituyen recursos intangibles como la cultura,  la identidad, las normas, los valores existentes, la política exterior. En este documento se revisará las acciones que tanto la Unión Europea como China llevan a cabo en su relacionamiento con América Latina y el Caribe.  Se realizará una comparación de estas acciones para conocer cuánto poder blando aplica cada uno para potenciar su imagen y cuán efectiva ha sido esta política en su interacción con la región.
THE CASE-LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON PROTECTION AGAINST HATE SPEECH AND HATE CRIMES BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY
Authors: Rodríguez Mañogil Adela
Published: April 2024

The increase in hate speech and hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe has led the Council of Europe to become increasingly concerned with the issue. In this paper, we study the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the subject to ascertain the level of protection afforded to individuals against homophobic and transphobic hate speech and hate crimes.
Evaluation of ABO Blood Groups System with Infection to Hepatitis C Virus: A Tertiary Hospital Study in India
Authors: Manasa Kavi , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Rao Y. Madhusudan , Behera Sarat Kumar , Behera Amulyaratna
Published: April 2024

People with certain blood groups and Rh positive are more prone to infections transmitted by blood transfusion. The aim of this research was to survey the accompaniment of ABO Blood Group System and Rh type with infection to hepatitis C virus in India. This was a retrospective study in patients during October 2019-March 2022 in India. The population of blood donors was tested for blood borne infections, including HCV. Logistic regression was used and collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.16. A total number of 901 people referred to the organization for donating blood during aforementioned years. Of these, 224 people had a history of hepatitis C disease, including 189 unmarried persons and the rest were married. 167 individuals were males and 57 individuals were females. People who had viral diseases were comprised of 76 persons with negative Rh and 148 positive persons with Rh. Future aims should include studies into blood groups and Rh types, according to the results of this study, in order to avoid the spread of blood-borne infections. Furthermore, further study is needed to establish the particular blood kinds that provide an elevated danger for classified donors.
Thromboprophylaxis in Oesophageal Cancer Patients – A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled Trial (TOP-RCT)
Authors: Gyldenholm Tua , Madsen Nina , Katballe Niels , Kjær Daniel Willy , Christensen Thomas Decker , Hvas Anne Mette
Published: April 2024

Background
The purpose of the study is to examine if prolonged thromboprophylaxis decreases the risk of thrombosis after intended curative surgery for oesophageal cancer.
Study results are expected to inform a guideline for thromboprophylaxis after oesophageal cancer surgery. The perspective is to reduce morbidity and mortality in this critically ill patient group.
Thrombosis is the second-most common cause of cancer death after the cancer itself. The risk of thrombosis depends on the cancer type, and upper gastrointestinal cancers are considered high risk. This risk is further increased when patients undergo surgery. However, only few studies have investigated the peri- and postoperative coagulation profile in oesophageal cancer patients. Due to this lack of knowledge, prophylaxis is currently restricted to ten days of 5000 IU (International Units) low-molecular weight heparin daily after surgery, whereas patients with gastric cancer receive 30 days of treatment.
The present study examines whether a 30-day treatment is superior and safe, compared with the current ten-day treatment.
Methods
The study is a randomized controlled trial. Inclusion is ongoing, and we aim to include 100 patients. Blood samples are drawn before and after surgery, and the coagulation is extensively examined. The primary endpoint is the difference in plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) 30 days after surgery between the intervention and the standard group. Furthermore, patients are examined with ultrasound to screen for asymptomatic venous thrombotic events (VTE).
Secondary endpoints are incidence of bleeding, symptomatic and asymptomatic VTE and mortality 30 days and one year after surgery.
Discussion
The study will provide valuable information on the perioperative coagulation profile and VTE risk of oesophageal cancer patients. The study seeks to aid in optimising the postoperative thromboprophylaxis, and the perspective is to reduce morbidity and mortality in this at-risk patient population.
Trials registration
The trial was prospectively registered at the EU Clinical Trials Register with ID 2021-001335-24 on 30.06.2021 and at ClinicalTrials.gov with study identifier NCT05067153.
A novel c.59C>T variant of the HSD17B10 gene as a possible cause of HSD10 mitochondrial disease with hepatic dysfunction: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: jiang tao , ouyang wenxian , yang haiyan , li shuangjie
Published: April 2024

Background
Pathogenic HSD17B10 gene variants cause HSD10 mitochondrial disease (HSD10 MD), which results in a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Typical symptoms include intellectual disability, choreoathetosis, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration, and abnormal behavior. This study aimed to investigate a novel c.59C > T variant of the HSD17B10 gene and the clinical phenotypic features of HSD10 MD (neonatal form) patients.
Results
We describe a 2-month and 12-day-old Chinese boy with intellectual disability, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia, hypoglycemia, cholestatic hepatitis and myocardial enzyme levels, slightly elevated 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid (2M3HBA) levels and early death. Although full-length sequencing of the mitochondrial genome was normal, whole-exome sequencing of the proband and his parents revealed a novel de novo heterozygous variant, c.59C > T (p.S20L), of the HSD17B10 gene. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis and protein structural analysis have suggested that the c.59C > T (p.S20L) mutation may disrupt the conformational stability of the protein. According to the combined results of phenotypic analysis, molecular genetic analysis, protein structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation analysis, this novel mutation is currently considered a likely pathogenic variant. HSD10 MD (neonatal form) can lead to hepatic dysfunction.
Conclusions
HSD10 MD (neonatal form) can lead to hepatic dysfunction. The de novo c.59C > T HSD17B10 variant suggested a neonatal form of the HSD10 mitochondrial disease phenotype in a 2-month and 12-day-old patient, broadening the variant spectrum of HSD17B10-related disease.
RETRACTED: Energy Subsidies and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of India and China
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Incremental High Power Radiofrequency Ablation with Multi-electrodes for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hwang Sungjun , Kim Jae Hyun , Yu Su Jong , Lee Jeong Min
Published: April 2024

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a minimally invasive treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet faces challenges like high local recurrence rates. A novel approach using a three-channel, dual RF generator with separable clustered electrodes aims to improve RFA's efficacy and safety. This prospective study, conducted from January 2020 to July 2022, evaluated a high-power, gradual, stepwise RFA method on HCCs (≤4 cm), utilizing real-time US-CT/MR fusion imaging. The study, involving 110 participants with 116 HCCs, reported no major complications. Local tumor progression (LTP) and intrahepatic remote recurrence (IRR) were low, with 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year cumulative incidences showing promising rates of LTP (0.9%, 3.6%, 7.0%) and IRR (13.9%, 20.5%, 31.4%). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were similarly encouraging: LTP (99.1%, 96.4%, 93.0%) and IRR (86.1%, 79.5%, 68.6%). This innovative gradual, incremental high-power RFA technique, featuring a dual switching monopolar mode and multiple electrodes, represents an effective and safer management option for small HCCs.
Trial registration: clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT05397860, first registered on 31/05/2022
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Timing of Vasopressor Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Assessing Clinical Outcomes and Implication
Authors: Zaki Hany A , Elgassim Mohamed , Shaban Eman E , Ahmed Amina , Hashim Thamir , Mohamed Mazin Sharafeldien Elsayed , Abdelrahman Amro , Basharat Kaleem , Shaban Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Background
Septic shock, the most severe form of sepsis, is associated with a high mortality rate and increased expenses. Therefore, updating the guidelines for its management can aid in minimizing mortality and expenses. Currently, the first-line therapy for septic shock entails administering resuscitation fluids followed by infusing vasopressors when the blood pressure goal is not achieved. The recommended first-line vasopressor is norepinephrine, followed by vasopressin, epinephrine, angiotensin II, and dopamine. Although the research has shown the efficacy of these vasopressors in different subsets of septic shock patients, there is still a controversy on when they should be administered. Therefore, we conducted the present review to determine the impact and implications of vasopressor timing in septic shock patients.
Methods
PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched for potential studies until October 2023. The methodological quality and bias assessment of valid records was examined with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. Additionally, all the meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager software.
Results
Twelve articles were eligible for review and analysis. Pooled analyses of data from 7 of these studies demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of mortality and shorter duration to achieve target mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the early norepinephrine group than in the late group (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35 – 0.55; p<0.00001 and MD: -1.17; 95% CI: -2.00 – -0.34; p = 0.0006). However, the length of ICU stay did not differ between the early and late norepinephrine group (MD: 0.55; 95% CI: -0.52 – 1.62; p = 0.31). On the other hand, the subgroup analyses show that early vasopressin is associated with a decreased mortality than late administration (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41 – 0.90; p = 0.01). Similarly, the pooled analysis has shown that early concomitant administration of vasopressin and norepinephrine is associated with a shorter duration to achieve target MAP than norepinephrine alone (MD: -3.15; 95% CI: -4.40 – -1.90; p <0.00001).
Conclusion
Early administration of norepinephrine has a mortality benefit and improves the duration taken to attain and sustain the goal MAP. Furthermore, early vasopressin possesses the potential to lower the fatality rate in individuals experiencing septic shock. However, further research is required to validate this finding.
Relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and atherosclerosis in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Qin , Zheng Shao-ying , Zhou Ming-shuang Zhou , Zhang Ru , Zhang Wen , Zhao Ya-jing
Published: April 2024

Objective
To investigate the relationship between the ratio of neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and arterial atherosclerosis in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients who were hospitalized and diagnosed with PA in the area of high blood pressure at the Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital in Fuzhou from January 2021 to October 2023.General patient information as well as clinical data such as blood norms, lipids,and baPWV were collected. Based on the median NLR of the patients, an NLR < the median was defined as a low NLR, and a baPWV < 1400 cm/s was defind as a normal BAPW. Multilinear regression and multifactor logistic regression models, smooth curve adjustments, and threshold effects were applied to explore the relationship between the NLR and baPWV in PA patients and layered analysis and interaction testing were used to evaluate potential variables that might affect the correlation between the NLR and BAPW.
Results
A total of 448 PA patients were ultimately included (50.9 ± 10.9 years), 55.8% were females (250/448), and the average NLRwas 1.9. After correcting for factors such as sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), the results of the multilinear regression analysis showed that the NLR was positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.2, P = 0.004), and the results of the multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that the NLR was associated with low baPV (OR = 2.5, P < 0.001). According to the uncalibrated smooth curve, the NLR is correlated with the baPWV-like linear shape. With the curve at NLR = 1.9, when the NLLR is < 1.9, the BAWV increases slowly with increasing NLR (P < 0.001), and the BA PWV increases faster with increasing NLLR when it is ≥ 1.9. Stratified analysis revealed that the NLR and baPWV were strongly correlated with hypoglycemia (P = 0.002)and there was a stronger correlation between the NLR and baPWV in combined hyperglycemic populations.
Conclusion
In PA patients, after the correction of potential mixed factors, the NLR was linearly correlated with baPWV, while higher NLRs wer associated with normal baPWV. PA patients with higher NLRs may need to undergo additional atherosclerosis screening and preventive interventions.
Complete Genome Sequence of Candida mucifera from an Otitis Media Patient
Authors: Dai Rongchen , Guan Jing , Ning Yating , Kudinha Timothy , Zhang Wei , Chen Xinfei , Zhang Ge , Xu Yingchun , Xiao Meng
Published: April 2024

We describe for the first time, a high-quality genome for a rare human yeast pathogen Candida mucifera, from a patient with chronic suppurative otitis media. Antifungal susceptibility profile was determined, and a potential mechanism responsible for intrinsically reduced azole susceptibility in Trichomonascus ciferrii-Candida mucifera species complex was proposed.
Differential effects of sound interventions tuned to 432 Hz or 443 Hz on cardiovascular parameters in cancer patients: A randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Hohneck Anna , Rodríguez Ánxelo Maia , Weingärtner Simone , Merx Kirsten , Sarodnick Felicitas , von Gagern Fritjof , Mavratzas Athanasios , Burkholder Iris , Schumacher Gerhard , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter
Published: April 2024

Background
This study investigated whether a sound intervention tuned to 432 Hertz (Hz) yields differential effects on cardiovascular parameters and psychological outcomes compared to 443 Hz, which is the concert pitch in German professional orchestras.
Methods
Using a randomized cross-over design, patients with cancer were recruited to receive both a 15-minute sound intervention with a body monochord tuned to 432 Hz or 443 Hz. Before (pre) and after (post) intervention, cardiovascular parameters were measured using the VascAssist2.0. In addition, visual analogue scales (VAS) for emotional well-being, anxiety, stress, pain and sadness were also assessed pre and post intervention.
Results
43 patients (8 male, 35 female) with a median age of 61 years (range 35–86) were included. Both interventions led to a significant reduction in heart rate with a more pronounced effect for 432 Hz (median reduction − 3 bpm (432 Hz) vs median reduction − 1 bpm (443 Hz), p = 0.04). While heart rate variability was increased exclusively by 432 Hz (median increase + 3 ms, p = 0.01), both vascular resistance (median reduction − 5%, p = 0.008) and stiffness (median reduction %, p = 0.04) were significantly reduced by 432 Hz, which was not observed at 443 Hz. Nevertheless, these effects were not significantly different compared to 443 Hz. On the other hand, 432 Hz led to a reduced pulse wave velocity (median reduction − 0.5 m/s, p < 0.001), which was also significantly different compared to 443 Hz (p < 0.001). Improvement in VAS was observed for both groups, with significant increases in emotional well-being and reduction in fatigue, anxiety and stress for both intervention timepoints, although the majority showed no increased VAS scores even before the intervention (median values 0 for anxiety and stress).
Conclusion
Sound interventions tuned to 432 Hz or 443 Hz exert both positive effects in cancer patients. While psychological outcomes are improved by both interventions, 432 Hz leads to a more pronounced but not significantly different effect to 443 Hz on objective cardiovascular parameters, which reflect deeper relaxation.