bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SENAM YOGA TERHADAP NYERI HAID PADA REMAJA PUTRI KELAS X MAN 2 KOTA PROBOLINGGO (Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Kota Probolinggo)
Authors: Putri R Endah , Nawangsari Harnanik
Published: August 2021

Masa remaja berhubungan dengan suatu fenomena fisik yang berhubungan dengan pubertas. Pubertas merupakan suatu bagian penting dari masa remaja yang lebih menekankan proses biologis yang mengarah pada kemampuan reproduksi. Pada saat ini perempuan akan mengalami ovulasi dan menstruasi yang terkadang juga disertai nyeri haid (dysmenorrhea). Berdasarkan Studi Pendahuluan yang dilakukan peneliti didapatkan hasil wawancara dari 15 siswi, terdapat 13 siswi yang mengalami dysmenorrhea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Senam Yoga terhadap Nyeri Haid pada Remaja Putri Kelas X MAN 2 Kota Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswi kelas X MAN 2 Kota Probolinggo yang berjumlah 172 siswi. Sampel penelitian ini sejumlah 35 siswi dengan tekhnik sampling  Proportional Random Sampling. Variable independent adalah Senam Yoga dan variable dependent adalah Nyeri Haid. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan pengukuran skala nyeri Face Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R). Pengolahan data menggunakan editing, coding, scoring, tabulating dengan analisa data spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum dilakukan senam yoga hampir setengah dari responden mengalami nyeri haid dengan skala 3 (lebih nyeri) dengan jumlah 16 responden (45,7%). Sedangkan setelah dilakukan senam yoga  hampir setengah dari responden mengalami nyeri haid dengan skala 2 (sedikit nyeri) sebanyak  12 responden (34,3%). Uji statistik Spearman rank menunjukan bahwa r value = 0,000 < α (0,05) sehingga H1 diterima.Kesimpulan penelitian ini ada Pengaruh Senam Yoga terhadap Nyeri Haid pada Remaja Putri Kelas X MAN 2 Kota Probolinggo.

Kata Kunci : Senam Yoga, Nyeri Haid, Siswi Kelas X
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PENYAKIT BENIGNA PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA (BPH) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PASIEN DI RUANG BEDAH PRIA RSUD JAYAPURA
Authors: Sarauw Aldrin , Nompo Rifki , Arvia Arvia
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Benigna prostate hyperplasia (BPH) adalah penyakit yang terjadi akibat penekanan pada uretra menembus prostat, sehingga menyulitkan untuk berkemih atau mengurangi kekuatan aliran urin, serta paling sering terjadi pada laki-laki berisia diatas 50 tahun akibat penuaan. Pasien biasanya datang ke rumah sakit setelah keadaan BPH semakin berat atau parah sehingga dalam pengobatannya harus dilakukan operasi. Hal ini mungkinan disebabkan ketidaktahuan masyarakat terhadap penyakit BPH yang dapat mempengaruhi derajat kesehatan. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Eksperimen One Group Pre Test-Post Test, dengan menggunakan uji analisa Wilcoxon. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2019. Menggunakan 30 orang sampel. Kuesioner yang digunakan berjumlah 23 item pernyataan dan telah dilakukan Uji Validitas didapatkan mean validitas = 0.624, serta Uji Reabilitas 0.935. Hasil: Tingkat pengetahuan sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang BPH dengan kriteria baik 1 orang (3.3%), cukup 9 orang (30.0%), dan kurang 20 orang (66.7%). Tingkat pengetahuan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang BPH dengan kriteria baik 9 orang (30.0%), cukup 20 orang (66.7%), dan kurang 1 orang (3.3%). Hasil uji pengaruh menggunakan Wilcoxon  (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05. Kesimpulan: Peneliti menyimpulkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang benigna prostate hyperplasia (BPH) terhadap pengetahuan pasien di Ruang Bedah Pria RSUD Jayapura. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan yang signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah pendidikan kesehatan dilakukan dan diharapkan agar klien dapat meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam mencari informasi.Kata Kunci: Benigna Prostate Hyperplasia, Pendidikan Kesehatan, Pengetahuan
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT DENGAN KEPATUHAN MENCUCI TANGAN BERDASARKAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR DI RUANG ICU DAN RUANG HCU SARAF RUMAH SAKIT UMUM JAYAPURA
Authors: Sembiring Rukiah , Rahayu Puji , Todingbua Connie L. Todingbua
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Mencuci tangan adalah proses membuang kotoran dan debu secara mekanis dari kulit kedua belah tangan dengan memakain sabun atau air. Tujuan cuci tangan adalah untuk menghilangkan kotoran dan debu secara mekanis daari permukaan kulit dan mengurangi jumlah mikroorganisme. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat dengan kepatuhan mencuci tangan berdasarkan standar operasional prosedur di ruang ICU dan ruang HCU Saraf RSUD Jayapura. Metode Penelitian: adalah metode deskriptif korelasional . Banyaknya jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampel yaitu 35 responden dengan criteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Analisis data berdasarkan presentase dan dideskripsikan dalam table distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: analisis korelasi Spearman memiliki nilai rs=0.717, hal ini menunjukkan adanya keeratan hubungan antara pengetahuan perawat dengan kepatuhan. Tanda positif pada nilai rs menunjukkan bahwa pola hubungan linier, artinya semakin meningkat pengetahuan perawat akan disertai dengan meningkatnya kepatuhan. Nilai Sig.(2-tailed)=0.000 menunjukkan adanya kemaknaan hubungan antara dua variabel tersebut. Kesimpulan: Cuci tangan merupakan suatu tindakan kecil yang harus dilakukan sesudah dan sebelum melakukan tindakan keperawatan. Mencuci tangan adalah membersihkan tangan dari segala kotoran, dimulai dari ujung jari sampai siku dan lengan dengan cara tertentu sesuai kebutuhan. Perilaku cuci tangan adalah salah satu bentuk kebersihan diri yang penting.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Kepatuhan, Cuci tangan
LITERATURE REVIEW PENGARUH RENDAM KAKI AIR HANGAT TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Isnaeni Alfi Nur , Sudiarto Sudiarto , Dyah P Fida
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang : Penuaan merupakan salah satu fase dalam kehidupan manusia yang dalam prosesnya seseorang akan mengalami  penurunan fungsi berbagai organ tubuh yang salah satunya terjadi pada sistem kardiovaskuler yaitu jantung dan pembuluh darah. Penyakit yang terjadi pada jantung dan pembuluh darah salah satunya yaitu hipertensi yang diakibatkan dari menurunnya elastisitas pembuluh darah. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi salah satunya yaitu dengan metode komplementer rendam kaki air hangat yang mengakibatkan pembuluh darah vasodilatasi dan melancarkan aliran darah sehingga tekanan darah menurun. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui efek dari rendam kaki menggunakan air hangat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Hasil : Pada penelitian literature review  ini didapatkan hasil  terjadi penurunan sebanyak 3,27 mmHg untuk sistolik dan 2,75 mmHg untuk diastolik yang dilakukan selama 7 kali berturut-turut dalam 2 minggu. Terjadi penurunan setelah dilakukan terapi rendam kaki selama 3 minggu dengan nilai mean pada minggu ketiga 19,444 dengan P Value 0,000 untuk sistolik dan nilai mean 13,333 dengan P Value 0,000 untuk diastolik. Berdasarkan data diatas terapi rendam kaki air hangat efektif menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Kesimpulan : Adanya pengaruh dari terapi rendam kaki menggunakan air hangat terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Rendam kaki air hangat dapat menjadi salah satu pengobatan non farmakologi bagi lansia dengan hipertensi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah.

Kata kunci : Rendam Kaki Air Hangat, Lansia, Hipertensi
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DENGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PADA MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN PUNGGING MOJOKERTO
Authors: Nawangsari Harnanik
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Coronaviru Disease 2019 (Covid-19) saat ini menjadi permasalahan dunia yang serius dengan jumlah kasusnya yang selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap harinya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengetahuan masyarakat Kecamatan Pungging Kabupaten Mojokerto tentang pencegahan Covid-19 beserta faktor karakteristik individu. Metode: Desain cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 1192 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner google form. Hasil: Dari 1192 masyarakat yang menjadi responden merupakan masyarakat dengan kategori umur remaja yaitu sebesar 93,7%, status pekerjaan tidak bekerja sebesar 77,2%, berjenis kelamin perempuan sebesar 66,3%, posisi dalam keluarga sebagai anggota rumah tangga yaitu sebesar 97,8%, dan mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang pencegahan Covid-19 sebesar 69,2%. Hasil uji chi square menunjukan nilai p antara umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan posisi dalam keluarga dengan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan Covid-19 adalah 0,386, 0,013, 0,428, 0,515, dan 0,999. Kesimpulan: Umur, pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan posisi dalam keluarga dengan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan Covid-19. Namun, jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan dengan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan Covid-19.

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Pencegahan Coronavirus Disease
Effect of Vortioxetine on Maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Kumar C Sharath , Patil Navin , Parida Amrita , Kabirdev Kabirdev , Priyadarshini Prachi , Gurung Shanti , Rao N Karthik , V Manju
Published: August 2021

Aim: To investigate the antiepileptic activity of vortioxetine. Materials and method: Vortioxetine was screened for its antiepileptic activity in Sprague-Dawley rats using maximal electroshock model. 4 groups of rats (each 6 rats) were used. First group was administered distilled water, second group diazepam and the third and fourth groups were given vortioxetine 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg respectively. These drug were given 30 minutes before the animal was subjected to electroshock (150mA, 50Hz for 0.2 seconds). Results: Vortioxetine effectively reduced tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in the rats and the effect was statistically significant compared to the control group. The seizure duration was also significantly lower compared to the control. There was no substantial difference in the duration of seizures and THLE between the diazepam and vortioxetine group. However, the total seizure score of the vortioxetine group was not statistically significant compared to the control group. Conclusion: Vortioxetine has the potential to be clinically useful in treating epilepsy. Further detailed studies using other animal models and in humans are required to prove its efficacy in epilepsy.
Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Cuminum cyminum (Cumin) seed Extract
Authors: Abdulazeem Lubna , AL Jassani Mohammad J. , Al-Sheakh Mustafa A.
Published: August 2021

Silver nanoparticles are extensive, applied in different fields. Green methods using plants have been used as renewable resources for the synthesis of biodegraded nanomaterials, thereby providing economic and safe synthesis routes. The green synthesis was done using the aqueous Cumin seed extract and as a bio-reducer agent and aqueous AgNO3 solution as a precursor under various conditions. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the observation of the shift in color from colorless to dark brown. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV/V is spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Also, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antioxidant activity (In-vitro) by DPPH assay. The bio-reduced mixture showed a maximum peak at around 388nm. The XRD peaks were observed at 38o and 46o, corresponding to 111, 200, 220, and 311, and the peak widening suggested a smaller particle size. The FTIR absorption spectra indicated the presence of residual plant extract as a reducing agent in the reaction mixture. Also, analysis of C. cyminum seed extract strongly suggested the presence of OH stretching in alcoholic and phenolic compounds as the main phytochemicals parts, which is supported by a strong peak at approximately 3296cm−1. The SEM images clearly showed that AgNPs were almost spherical in shape and 48.7nm in size. The synthesized AgNPs showed almost the same pattern of ascorbic acid-free radical scavenging activity except at concentrations 100 and 50µg/ml with significant differences (P≤0.05) and it is dose-dependent. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized on a large scale following a simple and eco-friendly method using C. cyminum seed extract that can be used as an effective antioxidant.
Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Persicaria sagittata:
Future prospective for kidney stone
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Ishita Ishita , Kumar Inder , Verma Kritika , Thakur Bhumika , Thakur Nisha
Published: August 2021

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds, which are used to treatments of various diseases. In the present study, Persicaria sagittata medicinal plant was used for the preliminary phytochemical screening. Methanol and petroleum ether were used as a solvent for obtaining the extraction of the plant. Both the extracts were further study for qualitative phytochemical screening using standard methods. Phytochemical screening shows that methanolic extract possesses the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and vitamin A as tannins and flavonoids are helpful for the uric acid stones. The study reveals that medicinal plant provides a basis of its use in medicine, improve to further drugs in the pharmaceutical area, and contains different biologically active constituents, and the secondary product is valuable of further analysis.
Antihistaminic activity of Ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruit.
Authors: Gupta Priya , Kanase Vanita
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the present work were intended to determine the antihistaminic activity of ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruits (EECM). Capparis moonii W. had been historically used in the diagnosis of cough and asthma and so we undertook this study to validate scientifically using appropriate animal models. Antihistamine is considered to be helpful for the treatment of allergic, thus, the antihistamine activity of an ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. in the current work was evaluated. To determine the doses, acute oral toxicity tests were conducted. Clonidine and haloperidol that induced cataleptic effect in Swiss albino mice were evaluated for antihistaminic activity at the different doses of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, p.o. and the evaluation is also done on guinea pig ileum tissue. The ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruits (50, 100, 200mg/kg, p.o.) and chlorpheniramine maleate (i.p.,10mg/kg) significantly inhibited (****P<0.0001) clonidine induced catalepsy but the extract donot inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy and histamine-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum tissue preparation shows that ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. inhibited the contractile activity of histamine. The result of our work shows that the ethanolic extract possesses antihistaminic activity. It can be reported that flavonoid present in the extract may be important for an antihistaminic effect and therefore may have a role in the asthma treatment.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Marine Sponge Petrosia Sp. by Supression the Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Wahyuni Safitri Andi Rizqa , Diha Dewo , Saripuddin Saripuddin , Julian Purnama La Ode Muhammad , Rahman Sudarman , Mahatva Yodha Agung Wibawa , Munasari Dian , Sadarun Baru , Sahidin Idin
Published: August 2021

Inflammation is the host's protective response to any stimulus that harms the body. Excessive inflammatory process causes tissue damage. Therefore, an anti-inflammatory agent is needed. The use of natural ingredients, especially sea sponges, is an option to reduce the side effects of anti-inflammatory agents. This utilization is related to the discovery of new agents. So, we tested the effect of the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. as an anti-inflammatory agent. Animal induced with 1% carrageenan and left for 1 hour. After that the animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 4) and given oral treatment, namely: Group I (normal group); Group II (negative group); Group III (ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. Concentration of 0.05mg/ml); Group IV (ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. Concentration 0.1mg/ml); Group V (ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. Concentration 0.2mg/ml); and Group VI (positive group, Diclofenac Sodium). After 1 hour, the animals were measured for edema volume and plasma TNF-α levels. Based on the research conducted, the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. decreased edema volume and plasma TNF-α levels in inflammatory mice. The concentration of 0.2mg/mL had a significant effect on the negative control used (p <0.05). On the other hand, Petrosia sp. indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. They may play an important role in the anti-inflammatory process. Thus, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. has anti-inflammatory activity.
STUDY OF BODY WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF ADOLESCENTS FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PLOVDIV REGION
Authors:   Department of Nursing Care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Merdzhanova Elena , Angelova Penka ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Boyadjiev Nikolay ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Lalova Valentina ,   Department of Nursing Care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Raycheva Ralitsa ,   Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Petrova Gergana ,   Department of Nursing Care, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To study the body weight and height of adolescents and to compare them with gender and age standards. All the children are from the Plovdiv region. Material and methods: About 185 children from three different ethnic groups have been studied. It also hase been developed and used specifically for this purpose an author's questionnaire for students, which contains open, closed, and mixed questions. Have been used descriptive statistics for quantitative (mean ± SD) and qualitative (percentage ± SEp) variables, also T-test for proving statistically significant differences between two independent samples. A p-value < 0.05 had been considered statistically significant for all tests. For the statistical processing, we have used the data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics v. 25. Results: The study was conducted in the Plovdiv district in the period of May 2019 - July 2019. The subject of the study has been 185 adolescents from different ethnic groups. The logical units of the study were schools in Plovdiv and the village of Karadzhovo, which is part of the Plovdiv municipality. The gender distribution is 101 (56.6%) boys and 84 (45.4%) girls. The study covered mainly 96 Bulgarian children (51.89% ± 3.67), followed by 30 Turkish (16.22% ± 2.71) and 59 Roma origin (31.89% ± 3.43). The group of adolescents has been included students aged 11 – 15 years old. In the group of 11-year-olds, 61 (32.97%) Bulgarian children usually play sports out of school, followed by 29 (15.67%) Roma and 16 (8.65%) Turkish children. We have proved statistically significant differences between mean weight, measured in our sample compared to the population standard for the age of 11 years old boys (n=28, 45.84±13.42 kg vs n=134, 39.74±7.15 kg; t-test=2.34, p=0.026) and girls (n=35, 45.49±10.46 kg vs n=135, 41.60±9.03 kg; t-test=2.24, p=0.029), respectively. The height measured for both genders in this age group had not been statistically significantly different compared to the standard. No other differences between sample point estimates and population standard had been obtained by age groups and gender. Conclusion: For the age of 11-12 years old children, higher body weight had been found in the Bulgarian boys. The girls with the average highest values had been of Turkish origin.
Nutrient uptake by black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) as influenced by phosphorus and boron fertilization in acid Inceptisol of Meghalaya
Authors:   School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani) - 793103, Meghalaya, India, Satya Muddana , Swami Sanjay ,   School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani) - 793103, Meghalaya, India
Published: August 2021

Phosphorus and boron are required for growth and development of black gram, and play an important role in the uptake of other nutrients such as N and K. The availability of P and B is less in acid soil because of fixation and leaching losses. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of P and B on N and K uptake in black gram with four levels of phosphorus (0, 25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and four levels of boron (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kg ha-1) comprising of 16 treatments. The trail was laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. Phosphorus was used as main plot and boron as sub-plot. Significantly highest nitrogen concentration in black gram seed was observed at P75B1.5 as 3.82%, whereas in straw, it was observed at P75B1 as 1.75%. However, significant nitrogen uptake by seed and straw was recorded as 43.85 and 39.55 kg ha-1 at P75B1.5, respectively. Similarly, significantly highest potassium concentration in seed and straw was observed at P75B1.5 as 1.13% and 1.64%. Significant highest uptake of K by seed and straw was recorded at P75B1.5 as 13.00 kg ha-1 and 36.86 kg ha-1, respectively. Therefore, 75 kg P2O5 and 1.5 kg B ha-1 is considered optimum for achieving higher nitrogen and potassium uptake by black gram in acid Inceptisol of Meghalaya.
Fruit characters and yield of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) as influenced by different concentrations of gibberellic acid
Authors:   Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Gayeshpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India- 741234, Ansary S.H. , Mudi N. ,   Hooghly Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India- 712102, Barui K. ,   Howrah Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Jagatballavpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India- 711408, Majumdar A. ,   Howrah Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Jagatballavpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India- 711408, Gayen N. ,   Hooghly Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India- 712102, Chowdhury A. K. ,   Hooghly Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BCKV, ICAR, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India- 712102
Published: August 2021

The effect of gibberellic acid concentrations on fruit characters and yield of strawberry was studied on two varieties, namely ‘Sweet Charlie’ and ‘Winter Dawn’ during November, 2018 to March, 2019. Foliar application of three different concentration of GA3 viz. 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm were done at 40 days and 60 days after planting. Experimental results showed that GA3 @ 75 ppm had the best effect to increase yield components and yield of both the varieties. Under GA3 @ 75 ppm, Winter Dawn exhibited higher fruit diameter (3.38cm) and fruit length (4.74cm) as compared to Sweet Charlie (3.28cm fruit diameter and 4.60cm fruit length). Though the fruit weight was slightly higher in Sweet Charlie (18.36g) as against Winter Dawn (17.90g) under the best treatment i.e. 75 ppm GA3 the yield recorded was higher in Winter Dawn (573.62g/plant and 24.04t/ha) as against Sweet Charlie (445.43g/plant and18.73t/ ha) due to higher number of fruits (32.44/plant) produced by Winter Dawn as compared to Sweet Charlie (24.94/plant). So, Winter Dawn variety produced 28.35% higher yield as compared to Sweet Charlie under GA3 @ 75 ppm treatment.
Molecular Characterization of chickpea genotypes and Identification of true hybrids by molecular markers
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Surduse Bhavana , Mohanapure P. A. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Khelurkar V.C. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Moharil M. P. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Sapkal A.A. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Jadhav P. V. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Rathod D.R. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Sakhare S.B. ,   Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Thorat A. W. ,   Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India, Ghorade R.B. ,   Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India
Published: August 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important grain legume cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In the present study Six crossing combinations were executed in chickpea comprising Chanoli and PKV Kabuli 4 as female parents and Virat, BDNGK-798 and WR- 315 as resistant male parents. Total 54 markers including 13 SCoT, 31 SSR, 5 STMS, 3 RAPD, 1 SCAR, and 1 ISSR, used for parental polymorphism and polymorphic markers UBC-855, 66 % for TA-59 and 100 % for TA-110, TA-135 and GA-16 were further used to hybridity assessments of F1 plants. The PIC value for polymorphic markers ranged from 0.15 to 0.89 with an average value of 0.46. The highest PIC value was observed in UBC-855 marker (0.89), followed by TA-135 (0.62), TA-59 (0.50), and GA-16 (0.16) and lowest PIC value observed in TA-110 (0.15). From total crosses 31 F1 plants of six crosses were screened for true F1 hybridity assessment. STMS marker TA-59 was used for F1 hybrid purity assessment. This marker screened 31 F1 plants. TA-59 shows specific size amplicon in female and male parents. The results of this investigation proved that SSR markers are well polymorphic and more useful markers within species of chickpea genotypes to perform the molecular characterization and to test the genetic hybridity of F1 plants. Among the tested SSR markers TA-59, TA-110, TA-135, GA-16, UBC-855 shows high percentage of polymorphism and PIC value which will were more helpful for parental diversity analysis and hybridity assessment.
Efficiency of Copyright Law in the Digital Space in Kenya
Authors: Otieno Irene
Published: August 2021

The emergence and use of new technologies such as Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing has brought with it numerous controversies particularly for intellectual property. P2P technologies function by granting its users access to files stored on another P2P user’s hard drive thus enabling them to download on-demand from users who have granted them such access. This aspect of the P2P networks (making files available for download), has been argued to be a violation of the exclusive rights granted by copyright. Consequently, a new right of making available was introduced via the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Copyright Treaty (WCT) to supplement the existing copyright regime thus making it more adaptable to the digital age. The lack of ratification of the WCT and the lack of recognition of this right in Kenya, points to an inefficiency of Kenyan copyright laws to prevent P2P sharing of protected works in Kenya.
An Analysis of the Exclusion of Child Soldiers Seeking Asylum under the 1951 Refugee Convention
Authors: Muthembwa Yvonne
Published: August 2021

Article 1F (a) of the Convention Relating to the Status of the Refugees has been applied by courts of law to exclude child soldiers seeking asylum from refugee status where it is established that there are serious reasons to consider that they committed the prohibited crimes. Its current application has fallen short of the best interests principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The author posits that the lack of a universally accepted minimum age of criminal responsibility has contributed to the problem. Furthermore, she contends that the legal threshold set out in Article 1F (a) has presented a challenge in applying the exclusion clause because of diverse interpretations.
Rejected Stone May Be the Cornerstone
Authors: Ng'etich Raphael
Published: August 2021

The resolution of community land disputes is not catered for adequately in Kenyan policy, law and practice. The Traditional Justice Systems (hereinafter TJS) initially used by communities were phased out with the introduction of laws based on western models of ownership. They were and are still viewed as retrogressive and backward. However, the formal systems introduced do not afford access to justice for all due to the complex procedures and high costs. This is the case even while TJS remain the most appropriate forum for resolving community land disputes. Their informal and community inclusive nature as well as resolution of disputes in the pursuit of restorative justice provide the best forum for resolution of community land disputes. This is owing to the fact that community land ownership is characterized by a web of interests and relationships where land rights are held by different individuals and groups with diverse interests. These relationships, therefore, need to be preserved for the communities to live harmoniously. TJS practices in Ghana and South Sudan are briefly examined in seeking to establish these aspects.
Contested Empowerment of Kenya’s Judiciary, 2010-2015: A Historical Institutional Analysis by James Thuo Gathii
Authors: Miyawa Maxwel
Published: August 2021

There has been an increasing number of written works deconstructing various transformative values underpinned by the Constitution of Kenya. One of these transformative values is the concept of constitutional supremacy which, arguably, has not received nuanced theoretical attention in Kenya’s constitutional law scholarship. Gathii theorises the unexplored, yet controversial question of judicial empowerment and its centrality in anchoring constitutional supremacy in the post-2010 politico-constitutional order. He provides a well-researched exploratory analysis of the functional, institutional and normative fledgling nature of the Judiciary of Kenya. He does this through an analytical filter that investigates the prominent role that judicial expansion has played in promoting constitutional supremacy and the principle of legality.
Taxing a Digital Economy: Exploring Intangible Assets to Broaden Revenue Base in Kenya
Authors: Gatuyu Justice
Published: August 2021

The world economy has shifted from brick and mortar industries to a knowledge and service economy. In the age of digital evolution, intangible assets have become the new drivers of corporate profit and restructured business models of leading firms. Creators of these assets look forward to monetising and making gains from them. Equally, governments expect to extract revenues by way of taxation. As cross-border trade broadens with the rise of globalisation, intangible assets have increasingly become an area of concern in relation to tax avoidance schemes especially by global firms. In Kenya, appreciation of intangible assets has been rising. This study surveys the prospects of expanding Kenya’s revenue base by tapping intangible assets. The digital economy in Kenya is generally inadequately regulated. This leaves tax loopholes which this study explores in order to identify where revenue can be imposed. In order to make recommendations, the study equally focuses on accounting, valuation, and transfer pricing of intangible assets for tax purposes. To this extent, numerous reforms are necessary to ensure that the taxation of intangibles is optimal and does not distort the rise of a digital economy.
Is Agriculture a National or County Governments’ Policy Function in Kenya?
Authors: Timamy Mdathir
Published: August 2021

As the people of Kenya witnessed the promulgation of the 2010 Constitution, there was so much hope and faith in the atmosphere for a better tomorrow. One of the main reasons for this was the entrenchment of devolution which was expected to lead to better service delivery and promote self-governance. However, almost a decade down the line, the expectations of the people have not been met. The effectiveness of devolution is largely dependent on the nature and extent of powers exercised by the counties and the functions they perform. The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution outlines the functions of the national and county governments. However, some functions such as agriculture seem to overlap. The national government’s function with regards to agriculture is ‘policy’. The same is true for county governments. The national government, through parliament, has enacted a law, the Agriculture and Food Authority Act (AFA Act), which this study finds to have encroached on the functions of county governments. To demonstrate this, the study relies on Article 191 of the Constitution, which is on conflict of laws; on literature review and comparative jurisprudence.
In Defence of the Homeland
Authors: Adegbite Olusola
Published: August 2021

Terrorism is perhaps the greatest global security challenge post-World War II and, like several countries, Nigeria is also grappling with this scourge. The remarkable thing is that following pressure from the United States (US) and Western nations, Nigeria took a major step towards counterterrorism with the enactment of the Terrorism (Prevention) Act, 2011. The Act was later replaced by the Terrorism Prevention (Amendment) Act, 2013. Certainly, so far, this legislation remains the nation’s boldest effort in combatting terrorism. However, the Nigerian counterterrorism legal regime still falls short in some material respect, given the absence of a robust strategy and complementary institutional support system. This is not the same case in a country such as the US, where the principal counterterrorism legislation, the Patriot Act, is well complemented by the US National Counterterrorism Strategy and the Department of Homeland Security.

Against this background, this Article examines the legal regime governing counterterrorism in Nigeria and the US, with the view of highlighting areas where Nigeria could gain useful insights from the US experience. The expectation is that given the robustness of the US counterterrorism regime, the experience to be gained cannot but further enrich the existing counterterrorism legal regime in Nigeria.
A Case Report of EGFR-mutated Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma with Long-term Survival on Systemic Treatment
Authors: Dulf Daniel , Kubelak Paul , Iancu Dana , Ciuleanu Tudor-Eliade
Published: August 2021

"Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer has historically been associated with a poor prognosis. The introduction of targeted agents against certain molecules involved in cellular pathways has shown improved responses, but long-term survivors are still rare.
We present the case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring sensitizing EGFR mutations who showed an impressive survival of more than 9 years following a combination of systemic therapies consisting of cytotoxic drugs and EGFR TKIs that were very well tolerated."
Metastasis Directed Therapy and/or Systemic Therapy in Hormone-naive Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Patient: an Emerging Dilemma
Authors: Cuccia Francesco , Alongi Filippo
Published: August 2021

"The hormone-naive oligometastatic prostate cancer is a challenging setting for the
radiation oncology community, as it represents a sort of transition scenario potentially
suitable for two different approaches: a local ablative treatment alone vs a metastasisdirected
treatment with the addition of hormone therapy. The choice to add androgen
deprivation therapy in the oligorecurrent hormone-sensitive patient is a matter of
debate, given the detrimental impact on quality of life and the number of adverse
events. To date, there is no clear agreement on the optimal management of this subset
of patients. As some authors highlight the attractiveness of a local approach alone, as
well tolerated, easily repeatible and with very limited costs, on the other hand, other
authors focus the need to cover the micrometastatic disease, often not detectable,
even with the newly available imaging modalities. In this commentary, we briefly
summarize the literature data in support of both therapeutic strategies."
Owner Perceptions of Long-Term Systemic Use of Subcutaneous Administration of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Varcoe Gabriella , Tomlinson Julia , Manfredi Jane
Published: August 2021

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) is a slow-acting disease-modifying agent used to treat degenerative joint disease. Although labeled for intramuscular use, it is commonly given by owners via a subcutaneous (SC) route. There is little information on adverse events related to SC administration or what other therapies are used concurrently with PSGAG. We hypothesized that SC PSGAG is perceived by owners as having minimal adverse events and that it would most often be given with other therapies. Owners (n = 378) were surveyed about their perceptions regarding SC PSGAG prescribed to dogs at one veterinary rehabilitation clinic. Complete surveys were provided for 69 dogs (two owners had multiple dogs). Overall, 13/69 (18.8%) dogs had an adverse event reported during the use of PSGAG. Most events were considered minor (stomach upset, loose stool, pain at injection site, fear) and did not lead to discontinuation of PSGAG. One dog experienced a moderate adverse event (persistent gastrointestinal symptoms) and one a severe adverse event (thrombocytopenia, bruising), which resolved after discontinuing PSGAG. PSGAG is most commonly administered along with other medications and rehabilitation therapies. The present study demonstrates that SC administration of PSGAG is well tolerated in most of the dogs, with primarily mild, self-resolving adverse events.
Collaborative Care Improves Treatment Outcomes for Dogs with Chronic Otitis Externa: A Collaborative Care Coalition Study
Authors: Logas Dawn , Maxwell Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare outcome measures in dogs treated by a primary care veterinarian (pcDVM) before referral and after seeking collaboration with a board-certified veterinary dermatologist (BCVD) for cases of severe recurrent chronic otitis externa. Medical records of 65 client-owned dogs were retrospectively reviewed, and data were obtained regarding treatment history, referral timeframe, recurrence rate, clinical signs, and resolution of signs. The median number of otitis recurrences while under the care of the pcDVM was 4 (range 1–40) versus collaborative BCVD care of 2 (P < .01). There was a longer median time to otitis recurrence with collaborative care (171 days) compared with dogs managed by the pcDVM before referral (21 days; P > .01). Proliferative changes in the ear canals improved in 41/45 (91%) of cases under BCVD care compared with 6/45 (13%) under care by the pcDVM (P < .01). Dogs with chronic otitis had better long-term outcomes when collaboration with a BCVD was pursued within 6 mo of treatment. Referral or consultation with a BCVD should be considered for cases of chronic canine otitis that are persistent or quickly recurrent (20–30 days) over a 6 mo period.
UMA ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO PARANÁ (1975-2018)
Authors: Bresolin Galafassi Leonardo , Bebber Romano Augusto , Assis Shikida Pery Francisco
Published: August 2021

Este artigo analisa as modificações espaciais da produção de cana-de-açúcar no Paraná (1975-2018), a partir do Quociente Locacional (QL) de cada microrregião do Estado. Como resultado, as concentrações geográficas iniciais se deram nas microrregiões mais próximas do Estado de São Paulo (principal produtor). Posteriormente, com o advento da mecanização da produção agrícola e a consequente possibilidade de se produzir em grande escala, os produtores dessas microrregiões optaram por produzir culturas mais rentáveis e estáveis economicamente, como a soja, o trigo e o milho, marginalizando a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Com isso, a produção canavieira passou a se concentrar nas microrregiões de Astorga, Cianorte, Paranavaí e Umuarama, onde as condições ambientais são menos favoráveis ao cultivo de grãos.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE ADMINISTRAÇÃO FINANCEIRA NAS DECISÕES DE INVESTIMENTOS DOS ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO NUMA UNIVERSIDADE COMUNITÁRIA NO NORTE DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Grzybovski Denize , Matte Greici Teresinha , Goettems Talita Bernardi
Published: August 2021

O objetivo foi investigar a influência dos conhecimentos sobre administração financeira nas decisões de investimentos dos acadêmicos em administração. Especificamente foi descrito o perfil dos acadêmicos, dados socioeconômicos, conhecimentos sobre finanças pessoais, noções sobre investimentos e endividamento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, realizada com 261 estudantes numa universidade comunitária. Os resultados indicam que os acadêmicos possuem conhecimentos e habilidades necessários para gerir suas finanças, apontam suas experiências e a família como principais fontes de conhecimento sobre o tema. A influência dos conhecimentos sobre administração financeira nas finanças dos pessoais é baixa e a maioria dos conhecimentos são obtidos fora do universo acadêmico.
Estructura poblacional del zooplancton gelatinoso en el mar ecuatoriano
Authors: Castillo Paulina , Vergara Gabriela , Cajas Jaqueline
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio analiza la composición y distribución del zooplancton gelatinoso en el mar ecuatoriano desde Julio 2017 hasta Abril 2018. Se dividió el perfil costero en dos zonas: la ZI abarcó la provincia de Esmeraldas hasta la parte norte de la provincia de Manabí; mientras que, la ZII estuvo comprendida desde la parte sur de la provincia de Manabí y hasta el norte de la provincia de Santa Elena. Se identificó un total de 54 especies, donde las más representativas fueron Doliolum gegenbauri, Doliolum nationalis, Abylopsis tetragona, Cyclosalpa pinnata, Aglaura hemistoma y Rhopalomena velatum; otros grupos con poca representación fueron Copelata, Leptothecata, Narcomedusae, Anthoathecata, Coronatae, Semaeostomeae y Beroida. En cuanto a la distribución espacial, se determinó que la zona con mayor densidad fue la ZII; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel espacial (p = 0.3316). Tanto ZI como ZII presentaron una riqueza específica de 48 especies, aunque se encontraron especies exclusivas para cada zona. Debido a la frecuencia y distribución de las especies encontradas, se considera que son características del mar ecuatoriano y que los órdenes Doliolida y Siphonophorae son los más importantes dentro del zooplancton gelatinoso por su número de especies y densidad. La densidad mostró una baja correlación con la temperatura y salinidad, lo que indica que las poblaciones de zooplancton gelatinoso podrían estar influenciadas por variables bióticas.
Efectos del cadmio sobre la germinación y biomasa en variedades de caña de azúcar de la cuenca baja del guayas
Authors: Gallardo Alejandro , Pernía Beatriz , Mero Mariuxi , Arellano Ana , Risco Carla , Alvarado Darío , Aguirre Henry
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del cadmio sobre la germinación y biomasa de cuatro variedades de caña de azúcar de la cuenca baja del Guayas, para proponer una modificación del límite máximo permisible de cadmio en suelos cultivados con esta especie. Se expusieron muestras de las variedades Ragnar, ECU-01, CC 85-92 y CC-22 al crecimiento durante 21 días en un medio contaminado con cinco concentraciones de cadmio (0.5, 1, 2, 4 y 8 mg/L). El cadmio no presentó efectos sobre la germinación. Las radículas de las variedades Ragnar, ECU-01 y CC-22 fueron significativamente afectadas en todos los tratamientos, mientras que los hipocótilos presentaron afectación en los tratamientos de 2 y 8 mg/L en ECU-01 y 2 mg/L en CC-22. La biomasa se vio afectada únicamente en la variedad ECU-01, donde el tratamiento de 2 mg/L provocó una reducción del 51 % de esta. El índice integral de fitotoxicidad reveló que este metal resultó tóxico en todos los tratamientos de las cuatro variedades; por otro lado, el índice de tolerancia mostró que la variedad CC 85-92 fue la más tolerante, mientras que ECU-01 resultó menos tolerante a los efectos del cadmio. Finalmente, el índice de tolerancia y la biomasa de plántulas expuestas a experimentación con 0.25 mg/L, demostraron que a esta concentración ninguna de las variedades de caña de azúcar presentó afectaciones significativas, por lo que dicha concentración puede ser considerada como límite máximo permisible en suelos cultivados con la especie Saccharum officinarum.
Study on the preparation of selenium nanoparticles by gamma Co-60 method and investigate the stability
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Duy , Dang Van Phu , Le Anh Quoc , Nguyen T. Kim Lan , Nguyen Quoc Hien , Tran T. Thu Ngan
Published: August 2021

Among nanoparticle materials, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted wide spread attention due to their excellent bioavailability, high bioactivity and low toxicity compared to other ionic selenium compounds. SeNPs with size ~ 41.75 nm were synthesized by γ-irradiation method using oligochitosan (OC) as stabilizer. The prepared SeNPs/OC were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The SeNPs/OC powder was also prepared by spray drying technique and the purity was verified by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The results of EDX showed that SeNPs/OC solution was of high purity. The stability ofSeNPs/OC solution was investigated. The results indicated that SeNPs/OC solution had good stability after 60 days of storage at 4ºC. At ambient temperature, the SeNPs/OC solution was unstable and agglomerated after about 15 days. The SeNPs/OC synthesized by γ-irradiation with the advantages of environmental friendly and mass production process may be potentially promising for applications in medicines, functional food and in other fields as well.
Empresas Venezolanas en el sector panadero, una mirada a su financiamiento
Authors: Martínez Garcés Josnel , Daoud Koudsie Marilyn
Published: August 2021

La crisis socioeconómica que atraviesa Venezuela desde las últimas dos décadas ha afectado negativamente muchos sectores productivos, entre ellos el panadero. La escasez de materia prima, las dificultades de importación y el control de precios son solo algunos de los elementos desestabilizadores que han vulnerado la estructura de financiamiento de muchas empresas llevándolas, en el peor de los casos, a su cierre operativo; sin embargo, muchas otras se han reinventado para mantener su operatividad y seguir dando respuesta a la demanda de sus productos. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar la estructura de financiamiento que han venido construyendo las empresas panaderas, específicamente las ubicadas en la parroquia Manuel Dagnino del municipio Maracaibo. Para ello se recurrió a una metodología descriptiva, cuantitativa, de campo, no experimental y transversal obteniendo como resultados principales que el financiamiento se concentra en las aportaciones de capital por parte de los accionistas, la emisión de acciones comunes, las amortizaciones, los créditos bancarios y las deudas a corto plazo. Así, se concluye que existe una combinación de fuentes de financiamiento tanto internas como externas privilegiando aquellas que de alguna u otra manera generan una pérdida adquisitiva para el ente financiador debido a los factores inflaciones, de devaluación de moneda y de política cambiaria que juegan un papel importante en la dinámica financiera y económica del país.