bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kompetensi Profesional dan Pedagogik Guru Dalam Pengelolaan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Faridah Saraya , Djatmika Ery Tri , Utaya Sugeng
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This study aims to study teacher competencies in managing learning, teacher professional strategies and learning in improving education quality. Descriptive research method with qualitative research. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study concluded from professional competence and pedagogical knowledge the teacher shows: (1) competencies needed by teachers in learning in preparing lesson plans, preparation of syllabus, planning media and learning resources accompanied by learning in accordance with the instructions provided, but there are some teachers who teach not make learning planning; (2) the teacher's professional strategy in implementing learning, namely: mastering the material, structure, and concepts of the lessons being taught. This is done by reviewing the material before completion, adjusting the material with the media/learning resources; (3) learning evaluation given by the teacher in accordance with predetermined learning objectives, namely regulating the character value of students, Assessing the ability to understand concepts, the value of student skills and attitude values in the learning process. Evaluations are carried out after each subject matter of the lesson.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran dan kompetensi profesional guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi professional dan pengetahuan pedagogik guru menunjukkan (1) kompetensi yang dimiliki guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran dalam menyusun RPP, penyusunan silabus, merencanakan media dan sumber pembelajaran serta merencanakan evaluasi pembelajaran sesuai dengan petunjuk yang ditetapkan, tetapi ada beberapa guru mengajar tidak membuat perencanaan pembelajaran; (2) strategi profesional guru dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran yaitu menguasai materi, struktur, dan konsep mata pelajaran yang diajarkan. Hal itu dilakukan dengan review materi sebelum melanjutkan, menyesuaikan materi dengan media/ sumber belajar; (3) evaluasi pembelajaran yang diberikan guru sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan, yaitu mencakup nilai karakter siswa, penilaian kemampuan memahami konsep, nilai keterampilan siswa dan nilai sikap dalam proses pembelajaran. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap selesai satu materi pokok bahasan pelajaran.
Comunicación remota entre familiares a través de la robótica social
Authors: Carrasco-Martínez Sara , Quispe-Flores M. A. , Sevilla Salcedo Javier , Gómez-Jiménez Jaime , Alonso Martín Fernando , Salichs Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

En la actualidad una gran parte de las personas de avanzada edad no hacen uso frecuente de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información. En este trabajo tratamos de eliminar la fricción que tienen este tipo de personas para comunicarse con sus seres queridos de manera natural a través de los medios tecnológicos. Proponemos una aplicación de comunicación accesible e intuitiva implementada con el robot social Mini. Desarrollamos una interfaz gráfica que permite a los usuarios mantener conversaciones, llamadas y videollamadas mediante una aplicación sencilla y de forma guiada a través del robot Mini. Se utiliza como plataforma de comunicación WhatsApp, una de las aplicaciones más utilizadas, a día de hoy, en el mercado de los dispositivos inteligentes. Se pretende contribuir al cuidado y bienestar de la tercera edad.
TÜRKİYE’DE KIRSAL KALKINMA VE GÖÇ İLİŞKİSİ: BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: AVCU Nazan , YAYLA Nihal
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde kalkınma sorunlarının merkezden değil aşağıdan yukarıya doğru bir kalkınma anlayışıyla çözüleceği genel kabul görmektedir. Bu anlayış çerçevesinde dikkatler giderek daha fazla oranda kırsal bölgelere yönelmektedir. Kırsal alanların kendine has özelliklerine yönelik politikaların oluşturulması, kırsal kalkınma açısından oldukça önemlidir. Kırsal alanların en belirgin özelliklerden ve sorunlarından biri ise göç olgusudur. Bu kapsamda ele alınan çalışmada öncelikle, Türkiye’de kırsal alan tanımlamasına yönelik bir yöntemle il ölçeğinde kırsal alanlar belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, kırsal alanlarda yaşayan insanların yaşam standartlarını gösteren değişkenler kullanılarak Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) yöntemiyle her bir il için kırsal kalkınma endeksi hesaplanmıştır. 2008-2018 dönemi için hesaplanan kırsal kalkınma endeksi ile illerin aldığı göç, verdiği göç, yüksekokul mezun sayısı ve tarım ihtiyaç kredi gelirleri arasındaki ilişkiler Pedroni ve Kao Eşbütünleşme testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğunun tespit edilmesinden sonra uzun dönem katsayıların elde edilmesi için FMOLS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular genel olarak, kırsal illerin aldığı göçün kırsal kalkınmayı pozitif yönde etkilediğini, verilen göçlerin ise illerin çoğunda kırsal kalkınmayı azaltıcı etkide bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
Accesibilidad a servicios de agua y saneamiento, energía y transporte para personas con discapacidad en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Sandoval Rincón Diana Marcela
Published: September 2021

La falta de accesibilidad en servicios públicos depende de contextos culturales, económicos, sociales y geográficos, entre otros, así como del tipo de discapacidad que una persona pueda tener. Dependiendo de estas variables, se presentarán barreras más o menos profundas y/o complejas. El documento recoge investigaciones y estudios de caso sobre las barreras físicas, sociales y comunicacionales que enfrentan las Personas con Discapacidad (PcD) para el acceso a servicios públicos en el sector de la Infraestructura y la Energía, específicamente en las áreas de Agua y Saneamiento, Energía y Transporte. En este trabajo se describen los tipos de barreras (arquitectónica, urbanística, a la comunicación y electrónica), asociadas a la prestación de los servicios públicos de agua y saneamiento, energía y transporte. Se identifican barreras de acceso y buenas prácticas (ejemplos cercanos e internacionales, de Estado, empresas públicas y privadas) de accesibilidad a los servicios públicos de PcD, para así generar lineamientos que minimicen y en lo posible eliminen las barreras de accesibilidad. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se presentan las oportunidades de mejora que se pueden implementar para eliminar-o reducir- las barreras de acceso a los servicios públicos.
Brewer’s spent grain as substrate for enzyme and reducing sugar production using Penicillium sp. HC1
Authors: Bernal-Ruiz Marcela , Correa-Lozano Alejandro , Gomez-Sánchez Laura , Quevedo-Hidalgo Balkys , Rojas-Pérez Lilia Carolina , García-Castillo Catalina , Gutiérrez-Rojas Ivonne , Narváez-Rincón Paulo César
Published: September 2021

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the main solid waste from the brewing process. It is recognized as a valuable resource for biobased industries because of its composition, high availability, and low cost. The objective of this study was to employ BSG as a substrate to produce the enzymes endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase, as well as reducing sugars using Penicillium sp. HC1. For enzyme production, we evaluated BSG submerged fermentation at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%, w/v) and two sources of nitrogen (yeast extract and ammonium sulfate) on different days (6, 10, and 12) in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The highest enzyme activity was obtained after 10 days. The enzyme extract obtained using 3% BSG (w/v) and 5 g L-1 of ammonium sulfate showed the highest xylanase activity (25013 ± 1075 U L-1). Using BSG 5% (w/v) without nitrogen supplementation, the endoglucanase activity was 909.7±14.2 U L-1 while underthe same conditions but using BSG 3% (w/v), the β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activity was 3268.6 ±229.9 U L-1 and 103.15±8.1 U L-1, respectively. Maximum reducing sugar concentrations using an enzyme dosage of 1000 U g-1 of xylanase were: 2.7 g L-1 xylose, 1.7 g L-1 arabinose, and 3.3 g L-1 glucose after 6 h of hydrolysis. Result s demonstrated it is possible to produce enzymes and reducing sugars using Penicillium sp. HC1 and BSG as substrate and BSG grinding only as pretreatment.
How the Ti Precursor is Involved in the Effectiveness of Pt-TiO2 Materials in Photodegrading Methyl Orange
Authors: Murcia Mesa Julie Joseane , Hernández Laverde Mónica Sirley , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso , Lara Angulo Mayra Anabel , Navío José Antonio , Hidalgo López María Carmen
Published: September 2021

As other studies have demonstrated, improving the effectiveness of TiO2 for environmental remediation requires that the properties of this oxide be modified using different synthesis methods. In the current study, labprepared TiO2 was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and two different Ti precursors (titanium butoxide and titanium isopropoxide). After the synthesis, the obtained titania was also modified using photodeposition by platinum nanoparticles. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the photocatalytic materials prepared in photodegrading methyl orange. The Ti precursors used in the TiO2 synthesis had a slight effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide obtained. When titanium butoxide was used as a precursor, we observed a change in the bandgap value and some material with the largest surface area. Additionally, the addition of Pt increased the absorption of TiO2 in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and slightly decreased the bandgap value of this oxide. The photocatalyst prepared using titanium isopropoxide as a precursor showed the most remarkable effectiveness in the degradation rate of methyl orange. This is the result of the lower band gap value of this material which leads to easier transport of the photogenerated charges during the photocatalytic reaction. We also observed that the addition of Pt has a detrimental effect on the effectiveness of TiO2 in dye degradation, which may be due to possible obstruction of the dye-photocatalyst interaction on the TiO2 surface because of the Pt nanoparticles observed by tem. The effectiveness of commercial TiO2 in methyl orange degradation is slightly higher than that observed in other evaluated solids.
Development of Environmental Criteria for the Permissible Content of Oil and Products of its Transformation in the Soils of the Perm Region
Authors: Buzmakov S.A. , Andreev D.N. , Nazarov A.V. , Dzyuba E.A. , Shestakov I.E. , Khotyanovskaya Yu.V.
Published: September 2021

Indicators of the permissible content of oil and products of its transformation for podzols of illuvial-ferruginous, sod-podzolic, peat boggy raised soils of the Perm territory are presented. The sampling of the selected soil types was carried out, with which experiments on phytotesting, biotesting of the quality of water extracts with differentiated oil pollution were carried out. The assessment of chronic phytotoxicity was carried out according to the reaction of three species of terrestrial plants: spring wheat, pea sowing, and hybrid spruce. The water extract of contaminated soils was tested on chlorella and daphnia. As a result, quantitative indicators of the permissible concentration of hydrocarbons in soils after reclamation for agricultural and forestry lands were obtained.
Effects of Foliar Phylloxera (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) Infestations on Wine Grape Photosynthesis, Yield, and Fruit Quality
Authors: Yin Lu , Burkness Eric C. , Hutchison William D. , Clark Matthew D.
Published: September 2021

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae), is an important pest that forms galls on the foliage and roots of Vitis species. The effects of grape phylloxera on grape root have been studied extensively. This study investigated the effects of the foliar form of grape phylloxera, which is a persistent pest of North American native Vitis species and cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes between Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis riparia Michx. For a susceptible variety, ‘Frontenac’, in commercial Minnesota vineyards, there were reductions in cluster weight due to foliar phylloxera infestations in 2017 (one site; P = 0.05) and 2018 (three sites; nonsignificant). Reductions in cluster weight can be economically important to growers. For four grape varieties (susceptible and resistant) evaluated in the greenhouse, there were numerical reductions in photosynthetic rate and localized photosystem II efficiency in 1 of 2 yr. Resistant varieties had less of a reduction on conductance due to grape phylloxera infestation than susceptible varieties in 1 of 2 yr. The degree to which this occurs in resistant varieties may be related to the formation of fewer adaxial stomata; however, this hypothesis requires additional research. These results add important information to better understand how foliar phylloxera injury affects wine grape photosynthesis and yield. The results serve as a foundation for investigating variety-specific responses to foliar phylloxera through the use of advanced phenotyping technologies. This knowledge will lead to a better understanding of the effect of the pest on the diversity of cold-hardy grape varieties grown in the Midwestern United States.
Evaluation of the changes in Tei-index (myocardial performance index) in Doppler echocardiography before and after treating with anthracycline combinations in children with malignancy
Authors: Naderi Majid , Judi Maryam , Yazdanparast Maryam , SavadKuhi Sima , Yaghoubi Saeedeh
Published: September 2021

Background: Cardiomyopathy usually causes a cardiac dysfunction resistant to treatment due to anthracycline. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in Tei-Index (myocardial performance index) in patients with malignancies treated with anthracycline.
Material and Methods: This case-control study was done on 15 children who were treated with low-dose anthracycline (1-199mg/kg) called group A and 15 children who were treated with high dose (>200mg/kg) anthracycline called group B after acquiring consent from their parents. Children with no abnormality in Echo-Doppler results were included in this study. The patients’ age range between 1- 17 years with a mean age of 6.57 years. Another group of healthy children were assigned to group C as a control group who had not received chemotherapy. The first echo was performed right before the treatment and the second one, two weeks after completing chemotherapy.  Data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical software.
Results: Changes in mean Tei-index in group A were 0.36 ± 0.04 before treatment and 0.43 ± 0.11 after treatment. Changes in mean Tei-index in group B were 0.37 ± 0.04 before treatment and 0.45 ± 0.06 after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups using the independent T-test. (p-value= 0.57). No significant correlation between the changes in mean ejection fraction (EF) and treatment was found in the three groups (p-value=0.45).
Conclusion: This study showed a change in the Tei-index (MPI) in patients receiving anthracycline; regardless of the dosage, they got in their regimen. Given the use of anthracycline, any abnormal cardiac finding can alert the physicians to the possibility of cardiomyopathy, hence scheduling routine follow-ups are necessary.
The effect of Substituting blood sampling through routine direct venipuncture with intravenous cannulation on the accuracy of hematologic results in children
Authors: Tabrizi Manijeh , Badeli Hamidreza , Parvari Parmoon , Hassanzadeh Rad Afagh
Published: September 2021

Background: In pediatric care settings, intravenous cannulation (IVC) is usually needed for diverse purposes. Considering the painfulness and invasiveness of sampling by direct venipuncture (DVP), using a painless and less invasive method would be promising. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of substitution of routine DVP with direct blood sampling through IVC on the accuracy of hematologic results.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 5-14-year-old children admitted to the emergency ward of 17th Shahrivar Pediatric Hospital in Rasht, north of Iran. After discarding only one ml of blood, paired-samples were taken from IVC and DVP and analyzed for 30 most frequently requested electrolytes, hematologic, and blood gas tests. The similarity of the obtained results by the two methods indicated the probability of substituting DVP with IVC and was defined by the absence of significant statistical difference (P>0.05).
Results: The comparison between the mean of hematologic factors by two methods showed significant similarity between groups regarding all parameters (P>0.05) except the mean of red blood cell count in the two groups (P<0.05). Assessing the level of electrolytes by two collection methods showed that there was a significant similarity between the mean of all parameters (P>0.05) except for phosphorus (P=.002). Furthermore, assessing the level of electrolytes showed a significant similarity between the potential of hydrogen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and buffer base in the two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between partial pressure of oxygen, base excess, and O2 saturation in the two collection methods (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the promising results obtained in this study, it seems that these methods could be interchangeably used, and IVC can be an alternative method for DVP by discarding the minimum amount of blood and less invasiveness in children.
Cardiovascular involvement in blood cancers: ALL, AML, CLL, and CML
Authors: Yazdanparast Amer , Fathpour Gholamreza , Saberianpour Shirin
Published: September 2021

Global cancer statistics will continue to grow in the coming years. Leukemia is the fifth leading cause of death in the world and the second one in Iran; therefore, it is very important to study the affected areas, including the cardiovascular system in this disease. In heart cancer, tumors whose primary origin is the heart are called primary tumors, which are very rare. Tumors that originate in other parts of the body and spread to the heart are called secondary tumors. Although heart cancer is still rare, most cancers found in the heart come from other parts of the body and are considered as secondary tumors. The symptoms of metastatic heart cancer vary and depend on the location and extent of the lesion. Cancer can also affect the heart in other ways. One of these ways is the effect of the treatments used, which is reported among acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia due to the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the main drug in reducing mortality among these patients. Pericardial involvement is reported to be the most common cardiovascular complication of drug use among different kinds of leukemias. In this article, we try to collect cardiovascular evidence related to acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia, separately.
Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) therapeutic results: A review
Authors: Mortazavi Mahsa , Sharifi Reza , Hasheminasab Mahboube
Published: September 2021

Background: One of the most common maxillary abnormalities is transverse deficiency, which can be a contributory factor in malocclusions. There are some evidence of successful non-surgical treatment of this type of discrepancy after puberty by using maxillary expansion techniques. The Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) method is a newly introduced method that has attracted the interest of many orthodontists. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic results of this technique in a systematic review.
Method: In this study, various databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI (Web of science) were queried with proper keywords, provided by PICO strategy of research, from 1980 to December 2020. Relevant articles were collected with restrictions on the English language. The full text of papers with all inclusion criteria was assessed.  The therapeutic outcomes of MARPE were evaluated in the selected studies.
Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the systematic review. Totally, 5 case report studies, 8 retrospective studies, and 1 case series study were reviewed. Cone-beam computed tomography was used as an outcome measure in all studies. In all reviewed studies, maxillary expansion occurred with high success rates in patients. Moreover, respiratory characteristics were also assessed in two studies measuring respiratory muscle strength, airflow and nasal and nasopharyngeal airway volume, showing benefits of MARPE. A study also examined three-dimensional soft tissue stereophotogrammetry. Based on these studies, the indication for using this method was a maxillary transverse deficiency as well as upper and lower arches crowding. No serious complications were reported in any of the reviewed studies. However, most studies did not perform long-term follow-ups and the age range of the subjects was mainly between 12 and 24 years. MARPE has been suggested as a treatment modality for correction of maxillary transverse deficiency in young adults but patients under the age of 14 may also benefit from this treatment in special conditions.
Conclusion: A general review of the results of studies showed the high efficiency of MARPE technique in correcting maxillary transverse deficiency.
MRONJ and VIT D insufficiency
Authors: Shirani Gholamreza , Tonkaboni Arghavan , Mazani Mina , Mirzashahi Babak , Garcia Abel Garcia , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2021

Background: medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a chronic condition of the oral cavity resulting in mucosal ulceration and exposure of underlying necrotic bone, and the ensuing secondary complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bisphosphonates.
Materials and methods: This was a case-control study. The samples were 20 patients taking bisphosphonates, that 10 of them were with MRONJ and 10 were non-MRONJ. Clinical examination of patients was performed to diagnose jaw osteonecrosis. Demographic data of the patients were recorded including age, sex, type of drug, duration and cause of drug intake, and measurement of serum vitamin D levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: In the patients without MRONJ, the mean age was 60.60 (±14.975) years, and in the patients with MRONJ, the mean age was 68.30 (69.92) years. As a whole, of the 16 female patients in this study, 10 cases (62.5%) were non- MRONJ and 6 cases (37.5%) were suffered by MRONJ. All of the male patients presented with MRONJ. In control group mean of vitamin D was 63.990 ng/ml (±29.796) and in case group mean of vitamin D was 29.510 ng/ml (±23.723). The serum level of vitamin D (25-OHD) was significantly higher in control group than in the case group (p=0.010).
Conclusion: According to our result, there were statistically significant relationship between age, sex, type of drug, vitamin D level, and MRONJ (p>0.05).
Ascorbic Acid Effect on Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms in Rats
Authors: Farhadi Nasab Abdollah , Raoufi Safoura , Bahrami Naghmeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Today, drug addiction is an important healthcare issue. Any helps to drug withdrawal may decrease its prevalence in the society. Ascorbic acid is a component, which can affect neurotransmitter systems as a regulator along with its cofactor role. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems are two important neurotransmitter systems in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. It seems that ascorbic acid can decrease the symptoms of opiate withdrawal through regulating the related systems. In this regard, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid on the symptoms of morphine withdrawal in Syrian mice.
Materials and Methods: Male Syrian mice in eight experimental groups received incremental doses of morphine as 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg within the first, second, third, and fourth days of the experiment, respectively, through intraperitoneal injection, twice a day, and the control group received and equal amount of saline. On the fifth day, six groups of morphine addicts received ascorbic acid with six doses of 10, 50, 100, 200,400 and 800 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. Then, naloxone 2 mg/kg was injected to all groups including morphine alone and morphine with acute does of ascorbic acid. Then, withdrawal symptoms were evaluated for 30 minutes.
Results: Administration of an acute dose of ascorbic acid reduced dose dependent withdrawal symptoms in such a way that 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses of ascorbic acid reduced “writhing” symptom, 200 mg/kg reduced “jumping” symptom, and 400 and 800 mg/kg reduced “climbing, jumping, and standing” symptoms.
Conclusion: It seems that ascorbic acid administration can improve the symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome. More studies on human population can also indicate the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid on drug withdrawal.
The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Various Areas of Health
Authors: Goudarzi Reza , Kalavani Khalil
Published: September 2021

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic go beyond public health, affecting not only the physical health of individuals, but also the economies of families, governments, health centers, and the insurance industry. By rising unemployment or declining incomes, many people are forced out of health insurance. In fact, COVID-19 has had a devastating effect on the health economics of families and communities. These changes can be examined in 4 main areas of health, including community, hospitals, insurances, and family households. The present article dealt with the long- and short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that a large number of the threats posed by the disease can be investigated, it is necessary that policy makers take immediate actions to prevent disastrous outcomes and develop stricter health economics regulations on insurance and care prices.
A Comparison of Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Psychological Flexibility of HIV Patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital
Authors: Amirkhani Manzar , Ghorbanshiroudi Shohreh , Zarbakhsh Bahri Mohammadreza , Seyed Alinaghei Seyed Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Background: HIV patients are exposed to many psychological problems, including psychological inflexibility. It seems that psychological interventions can be effective to improve the psychological state of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of interventions with 2 methods of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on psychological flexibility of HIV patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed as an intervention in the period from May to January in 2020 on 54 HIV patients referred to Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. The samples of the study mode were selected by available sampling and randomly divided in 3 groups of 18 people based on CFT, MBSR session and the control group. Each treatment was presented to 2 experimental groups for 10 sessions per week and the control group was placed on a waiting lists. Patients' psychological flexibility was assessed by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire- II "AAQ-II" in 3 stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. SPSS 23 software and analysis of covariance, bonferoni test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that CFT and MBSR were effective on increasing psychological flexibility of HIV patients (p < 0.01). Comparison of the effectiveness of the 2 therapies showed that CFT caused a further increase on increasing psychological flexibility (p < 0.01). Changes in follow-up 3 months after treatment also remained stable (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Findings of the study show that the use of therapies in this study can be effective in planning psychological interventions to promote and improve mental health in HIV patients.
Patients' Decision Making Preferences and Perceived Participation in Care: A Case Study in Selected Educational Hospitals of Yazd
Authors: Bahrami Mohamad Amin , Jafari Hasan , Jambarsang Sara , Entezarian Ardakani Samane
Published: September 2021

Background: Patient's preferences in decision-making procedure are defined as the patient's willingness to participate in self-care management and decision-making. The aim of present study was to assess patients' preferences in decision-making procedure and perceived participation in care and their relationship with demographic in selected educational hospitals of Yazd in 2019.
Methods: The study was conducted on 195 inpatients of the gynecology, internal medicine and surgery wards of teaching hospitals in Yazd of Iran. The inpatients were selected through stratified sampling method. The data was collected by 2 questionnaires: Degner and Sloan's control preferences scale and patients' perceived involvement in care scale of Lerman et al. parametric and non-parametric tests used to analyze the data.
Results: In general, 49.20 % of patients preferred a relatively passive role in the decision-making process, and 36.40 % of them had high level of willingness to participate in their medical care decisions. The difference between the types of patients 'decision-making preferences was significant for education level, type of hospital and type of inpatient ward, type of basic insurance (p ≤ 0.05). The mean score of Patients' perceived participation was 62.08 ± 14.92. The difference observed in the mean score of patients' perceived participation in care for gender, type of disease, type of hospital, history of hospitalization, type of basic insurance was significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A large percentage of patients in the present study preferred a relatively passive role in decision-making, so it is best for health care providers to provide patients with understandable information about available treatment options and the benefits / risks associated with those choices. Also, the necessary interventions to promote shared decision-making, especially to help female patients and patients with more acute illnesses, as well as to support health care providers to participate in the shared decision-making process with patients, are of particular importance.
Government's Policy on Controlling the Covid-19 Virus Based on the Game Theory Approach: Closing Jobs or Purchasing Vaccines
Authors: Sadeghian Ramin
Published: September 2021

Background: The tools to control COVID-19 virus and this epidemic have been tested in all countries and at different levels. At the community level, they include observing hygienic principles, such as observing social distance, wearing masks, washing hands, observing cleanliness, observing personal belongings, and etc. Also at the macro level, governments have taken measures to combat the virus, such as closing cities, purchasing vaccines hygiene training. Given the high costs of closing cities and purchasing vaccines for governments, they may be willing to select and use a combination of them to control the virus. Considering these 2 factors as 2 competitors in the effectiveness of COVID-19 control, this study sought to find an equilibrium point to control the virus.
Methods: An infinite 2-player game was defined by considering the number of cities closed per person-day and the number of vaccine purchased per person, both of which have continuous and infinite space. On the other hand, a significant basic criterion for governments can be the cost and number of patients with the disease. Hence, the game was defined based on 2 criteria. A case study was also solved for the sake of clarity.
Results: The government must close offices for at least 12 days and inject 2 doses of the vaccine to about 28 million people in order to achieve its goal of reducing costs and reducing the incidence of the disease.
Conclusion: By solving the proposed model, it was found that for the initial control of the disease, the purchase and injection of vaccines can be more effective, but in order to further reduce and control the disease, it is better to close jobs. Analyses also showed that governments that are less willing to spend money on disease control could close jobs.
Evaluation of Iran's pharmaceutical policies in the import of drugs and determining the nature of imported drugs using the ABC-VED Method
Authors: Ghasemi Zahra , Peiravian Farzad , Rahim Mohammadreza , Yousefi Nazila
Published: September 2021

Background: The supply of medicines in every country is vital in any country, and access to appropriate medicines ensures the health of that community by preventingthe spread of smuggling. The present study aimed to evaluate the current policies of Iran to supply medicines through importation and examine the application of the ABC-VED (Always, Better, Control-Vital, Essential, Desirable) method in assisting policymakers in making decisions on the medicine importation.
Method: The present research study was conducted in qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 13 health experts in the field of production and import of medicine and their "content analysis" was done using MaxQDA 18 software.In the quantitative phase, to determine the nature of imported drug items, the ABC-VED analysis matrix and the information available in the pharmaceutical statistics of 2019 were used. Then, the distribution of drugs in each of the matrix categories was determined.
Result: In the qualitative phase of the study, experts pointed to the impact of restrictive policies on importation of medicines, reducing access to medicines, increasing smuggling, reducing innovation, weakening marketing, and reducing the quality and increasing price of domestically produced medicines. In the quantitative phase, it was found that AV category consists of 36, AE 145, AD 85, BV 31, BE 240, CV 126, CE 970, and CD 672 type of medicines using the ABC-VED matrix. Finally, 21.5 % of medicines were categorized in group I belonging to vital and expensive medicines, 7.2 % in group II that are essential medicnies with moderate prices, and finaly 1 % were categorized in group III which are desirable medicines with lower prices.
Conclusion: According to the opinions of experts in the country pharmaceutical industry, Iran's policy on drug importations has always been contractionary. Although it has led to lower prices and increased patients' access to medicines, it made side effects on the pharmaceutical system. Thses side effects includ sectional medical shortages over time. Policymakers can restrict the import of expensive and small quantities of drugs and allocate more funds to the supply of vital drugs. The analyses used cannot be the criterion for decision alone and can only indicate drug priorities in budget shortages and must make decisions within a multi-criteria decision framework.
Evaluation of Status and Income Effects of Admission and Referral of Patients in Need of Vascular Surgery Service in Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Tavakoli Nader , Hosseini Mahnazalsadat , Jahangiri Reza , Sarkhosh Samaneh , Shirani Reza , BagheriFaradenbeh Saeed
Published: September 2021

Background: Admission and dispatch of patients is considered as part of the patient treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the status and income effects of admission and dispatch of patients in need of vascular surgery in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a checklist was compiled and the required information about admission and dispatch of patients in Iran University of Medical Sciences was extracted from the MCMC (Medical Care Monitoring Center) system. In order to extract the income of services related to vascular surgery service from the average income of each patient file in need of this service, university hospitals were used. The sampling method was census and 14,481 patients admitted and dispatched were examined. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Excel software.
Results: The total number of registrations for dispatch of vascular surgery service was 605, 378 of which were successful. Of these, 145 were from hospitals affiliated to private hospitals and other hospitals affiliated to other medical universities, 233 were related to vascular surgery admissions, and 227 patients were related to failure to dispatch and death. The lost income due to dispatching patients is equal to 4,875,100,680 Rials. Also, the hospitals affiliated to the university have gained income equal to 7,833,782,472 Rials by admitting and not dispatching these patients.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the lost income due to dispatching patients requiring vascular surgery is 4,875,100,680 Rials. Also, the earned income resulting from the existence of medical facilities in the field of the patients’ admission to the hospitals affiliated to the university is 7,833,782,472 Rials.
Educational Need Assessment of Bsc Degree of Healthcare Management Based on the Iran’s National Medical Education Evolution and Innovation Plan
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Golriz Atefeh , Ravangard Ramin , Kavosi Zahra , Rezaee Rita , Keshtkaran Vida , Bahrami Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Curriculum revision based on stakeholders' needs assessment is one of the essential and continuous functions of educational systems. The aim of this study was to assess the educational needs of BSc degree of healthcare management from the perspective of students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 40 undergraduate students of healthcare management participated in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed in a pilot study. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20 software.
Results: 64.1 % of the participants had chosen their field of study without or with little prior familiarity. More than 60 % of them had chosen the field solely to take advantages of their degree. Only 22.5 % of the participants had high and very high satisfaction with studying in the field of healthcare management. However, 65 % of them assessed the entrepreneurial ability of the graduates of this field as moderate and above. The majority of respondents considered field training useful in meeting job needs and agreed with the current method of conducting field training courses. The educational content required for undergraduate degree of healthcare management was identified and classified into 18 categories.
Conclusion: Findings showed that current curriculum of the BSc degree of healthcare management needs to be revised and improved.
Nega in higiena tekstilij: Dnevnik laboratorijskih vaj
Authors: Kurečič Manja , Neral Branko
Published: September 2021

Vsebina študijskega gradiva “Nega in higiena tekstilij, Dnevnik laboratorijskih vaje” zajema področje vrednotenja uspešnosti odstranjevanja nečistoč in razkuževalnega učinka procesa pranja in je namenjena kot pomoč študentom pri izvajanju laboratorijskih vaj. Nega in higiena tekstilij je pomemben dela našega življenja, s katero se vsakodnevno ukvarjamo v naših gospodinjstvih in industrijskih pralnicah. Glavna naloga pralnic je vrniti umazane, kontaminirane tekstilije v čisto, sveže in razkuženo stanje brez pretiranih poškodb na tekstilijah, za nadaljnjo uporabo. Pri ocenjevanju učinkov razkuževalnega pranja tekstilij ugotavljamo število in vrsto preživelih mikroorganizmov in gliv pri določenih inkubacijskih pogojih. Z uporabo tekstilnih bioindikatorjev ugotavljamo učinkovitost odstranjevanja nečistoč in razkuževalni učinek procesa čiščenja in pranja.
Research of the influence of the operating parameters of a mobile lift on the oscillatory processes occurring during the work operations
Authors: Kyrychenko Igor , Reznikov Oleksandr , Klets Dmytro , Kholodov Anton , Yehorov Pavlo , Olieinikova Oleksandra
Published: September 2021

The article provides an analysis of the results of an experimental study of oscillatory processes occurring in mobile lifts with working platforms (MLWP) during the working operations. According to the developed research methodology, the results of measurements of acceleration along the horizontal and vertical axes of the machine at the point of articulation of the boom and at the point of attachment of the working platform to the boom were obtained and analysed. The analysis of the obtained oscillograms indicates that the greatest oscillations occur at the point of attachment of the working platform to the boom along the vertical axis. Accordingly, a detailed analysis of the influence of the operating parameters of the mobile lift on the oscillatory processes occurring during the operation of the machine at the point of attachment of the working platform to the boom along the vertical axis was carried out.
Innovative solution of hybrid hydraulic fire wood splitting machine
Authors: Biškup Davor , Cipek Mihael , Pavković Danijel , Karlušić Juraj , Šitum Željko
Published: September 2021

Hybrid powertrains have already proven themselves as viable solutions for reducing fuel consumption while maintaining the same operating performance of conventional ones, which is achieved by using an additional energy source in combination with energy recuperation. Many forestry machinery and tools which are intended for field use are hydraulics-based and powered by tractors or skidders. These tools may also be hybridized by incorporating a properly-sized hydraulic accumulator. This paper proposes an innovative solution of hydraulic fire wood splitting machine which uses a hydraulic accumulator in order to increase its efficiency. A simple model of conventional and hybridized machine is developed and presented in this paper. The model is then simulated over a defined operating cycle with realistic loads. Simulation results show that hybrid structure may improve the splitting performance with lower power requirements. Finally, the conventional and hybridized machine performances are compared and discussed.
Development of direct driven servo hydraulic actuator
Authors: Jurak Tine , Tič Vito
Published: September 2021

Direct control of hydraulic cylinders - without use of control valve, represents a newer concept of energy-saving control of cylinders, without damping losses. In order to study this type of drive, it is necessary to design and manufacture a compact model of such device to study the control concepts and to check the operation of the system. We will study the existing implementations of such drives and create our own direct driven servo-hydraulic actuator (hereinafter DD SHA), with which we will move different loads. A servomotor must be attached to a suiTable hydrostatic unit (pump-motor). All the missing components need to be designed and manufactured for completed hydraulic circuit.
Quality Characteristics of Egg Albumen Paneer (EAP) Incorporated with Different Binders
Authors: Thakuria Kushal J. , Nath Dilip R. , Das Ankur , Hazarika Mineswar , Kalita Dhruba. J. , Borah Mukul C. , Choudhury Sadhana , Saikia Rashmi R.
Published: September 2021

Background: Egg albumen paneer (EAP) is a novel food product simulating the popular milk based paneer. The study was conducted to develop binders incorporated egg albumen paneer (EAP) and to find their effects on its quality characteristics. Methods: Binders used were glutinous rice flour (GRF), Joha rice flour (JRF), wheat flour (WF) and oat flour (OF) in different formulations. EAP cubes were analysed for proximate composition, sensory qualities, texture profile and colour profile. Microbiological studies of the cubes stored at refrigeration temperature were enumerated for Total Viable Plate Count (TVPC), Total Psychrophilic Count (TPC) and Yeasts and Mould Counts at regular interval upto 90 days. Result: Study revealed highest yield percentage in T3 formulation. The proximate compositions for moisture, protein, fat and ash differs significantly among the different formulations. Analysis of Texture Profile found T3 group with the highest value for hardness, chewiness and resilience quality while T2 group was found for springiness and cohesiveness, while no significant difference was found for colour profile for any of the formulations. The microbial counts were within the acceptable range. It can be concluded that Egg Albumen Paneer could be prepared satisfactorily by incorporating different combinations of cereal flours.
​Expression Profiling of Cytokine-related Genes in the Small Intestine of Healthy Pre and Post-weaned Piglets Administered Orally with Probiotic and Zinc
Authors: Kalita Arup , Talukdar Manmath , Kalita Pranab Chandra , Barman Nagendra Nath , Roychoudhury Parimal , Choudhary Om Prakash , Doley Probal Jyoti
Published: September 2021

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate alterations in the immunological status of the small intestine after dietary inclusion of probiotic and zinc in pre and post-weaned piglets. Methods: For the present study, 18 healthy Large White Yorkshire (LWY) piglets, irrespective of sex, were divided into three different age groups [pre-weaning (20 days old, n = 3), weaning (30 days old, n = 3) and post-weaning (60 days old, n = 3)]. The piglets were weaned at 28 days of age. They were divided into control group (C) fed with basal diet and treatment group (T) fed with combined probiotic and zinc oral supplement along with the basal diet. A probiotic mixture consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum (1.25x109cfu/d for 10 days) along with zinc supplement (ZnO @ 2000 ppm/d for 10 days) administered orally to the treatment group of piglets. Result: The relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 genes was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the treatment group of piglets as compared to the control group. However, the expression of IL-8, IL-12p40 and IL-18 genes were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) after oral administration of probiotic and zinc to the piglets.
Artistas contemporáneas chihuahuenses que hablan desde el cuerpo y la casa, México 2011-2020
Authors: Acosta González Alba Rubí , Guerra Arias Antonio
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se analiza el trabajo realizado por mujeres artistas visuales chihuahuenses contemporáneas, quienes abordan en su obra diversas nociones socioespaciales íntimas, públicas y privadas en el contexto norteño de México. Se toman como principales referentes teóricos a Virgina Woolf y su idea acerca del territorio ideal para cada mujer que desea crear arte: la habitación propia; a Bachelard, a partir de una poética sobre la profundidad de los espacios cotidianos. La observación resulta interdisciplinaria, ya que mezcla la investigación artística con los métodos de investigación en ciencias sociales. A partir del análisis de sus piezas de acuerdo al contexto, surgen reflexiones relacionadas con lo social y lo político que atraviesan la vida de las mujeres3 artistas chihuahuenses. Se cayó en la cuenta de que existe un planteamiento sobre temas relacionados con el género, como la casa y el cuerpo, obviamente permeados por el contexto geopolítico de Chihuahua, México; como ellas lo describen árido, conservador y violento. Por ello, es importante centrarnos no solo en cómo habitan sus espacios creativos y cómo estos influyen en su producción; sino en el contenido de sus piezas, pues éstas exponen el modo en que múltiples violencias que vivimos nos impactan y se normalizan. La mayoría de ellas, idea o ejecuta sus piezas desde sus estudios-casa y una manera de visibilizarlas es hablar de su obra y cómo ha influido en ellas el contexto norteño.