bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4,7,9-Trihydroxy[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Protein Kinase C (CaPkc1)
Authors: Hung Dao Viet , Vu Tran Khac
Published: July 2021

The protein kinase Pkc1 of Candida albicans (CaPkc1), one of the key proteins involved in MAPK pathway, is described as a regulator of cell wall integrity during growth, morphogenesis, and response to cell wall stress. The (–)-cercosporamide is an antifungal natural product isolated from the phytopathogen fungus Cercosporidium henningsii. This phytoxin was found to inhibit selectively CaPkc1 and constitutes an interesting model for the design of novel antifungal molecules. In this research, 4,7,9-trihydroxy[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (13) derived from (–)-cercosporamide was synthesized via a seven-step procedure by well-known reactions and evaluation of cytotoxicity and inhibition of CaPkc1. The bioassay showed CaPkc1 inhibitory activity 87% higher and cytotoxicity 100 times less than the reference, (–)-cercosporamide.
The Effectiveness of Interventions in Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance: A Meta-Analysis and Logic Model
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Motamed-Jahromi Mohadeseh , Hassanipour Soheil
Published: July 2021

Background. Despite the availability of various guidelines, rules, and strategies, hand hygiene adherence rates among healthcare workers are reported significantly lower than expected. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the most effective interventions to improve hand hygiene and to develop a logic model based on the characteristics of the most effective interventions. Methods. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases up to December 21, 2019, with no time limit. Randomized clinical trials which had designed interventions to improve hand hygiene were reviewed. Data were extracted independently by two authors. All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software (version 2.0). A random-effects model was used to estimate odds ratios. Results. Although 14 studies were initially reviewed, only 12 studies entered the meta-analysis, since they had identified percentage rates of hand hygiene compliance. The most effective intervention (odds ratio 18.4, 95% CI (13.6–24.8)) was a multilevel strategy that influenced the determinants of hand hygiene behavior at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Following this, a theory-driven logic model was mapped out to promote hand hygiene, based on situational analysis. Conclusion. This study suggests that designing integrated interventions based on a multilevel socioecological approach has the greatest potential to improve hand hygiene compliance in healthcare workers. The logical model proposed in this study can thus provide a useful guide for designing and conducting future experimental research.
Single-Machine Scheduling Problems with the General Sum-of-Processing-Time and Position-Dependent Effect Function
Authors: Shen Kunping , Chen Yuke , Liu Shangchia
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the combination of the general sum-of-processing-time effect and position-dependent effect on a single machine. The actual processing time of a job is defined by functions of the sum of the normal processing times of the jobs processed and its position and control parameter in the sequence. We consider two monotonic effect functions: the nondecreasing function and the nonincreasing function. Our focus is the following objective functions, including the makespan, the sum of the completion time, the sum of the weighted completion time, and the maximum lateness. For the nonincreasing effect function, polynomial algorithm is presented for the makespan problem and the sum of completion time problem, respectively. The latter two objective functions can also be solved in polynomial time if the weight or due date and the normal processing time satisfy some agreeable relations. For the nondecreasing effect function, assume that the given parameter is zero. We also show that the makespan problem can remain polynomially solvable. For the sum of the total completion time problem and

a

1

is the deteriorating rate of the jobs, there exists an optimal solution for

a

1

≥
M

; a V-shaped property with respect to the normal processing times is obtained for

0
<

a

1

≤
1

. Finally, we show that the sum of the weighted completion problem and the maximum lateness problem have polynomial-time solutions for

a

1

>
M

under some agreeable conditions, respectively.
Corrigendum to “Modal Mass and Length of Mode Shapes in Structural Dynamics”
Authors: Aenlle M. , Juul Martin , Brincker R.
Published: July 2021

The literature about the mass associated with a certain mode, usually denoted as the modal mass, is sparse. Moreover, the units of the modal mass depend on the technique used to normalize the mode shapes, and its magnitude depends on the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) used to discretize the model. This has led to a situation where the meaning of the modal mass and the length of the associated mode shape is not well understood. As a result, normally, both the modal mass and the length measure have no meaning as individual quantities, but only when they are combined in the frequency response function. In this paper, the problems of defining the modal mass and mode shape length are discussed, and solutions are found to define the quantities in such a way that they have individual physical meaning and can be estimated in an objective way.
Identifying Influencing Factors of Regional Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Based on PSR-TGRC Method
Authors: Zhang Dongxing , Cao Wenkai , Qi Bing
Published: July 2021

Regional agricultural drought vulnerability (RADV) is a complex nonlinear problem caused by the interaction of multiple factors, and an objective and systematic method is proposed by this paper to identify its influencing factors, which plays an important role in preventing and regulating the risks of regional agricultural drought. Firstly, to provide a reference for the evaluation problem in selecting the number of factors, the influencing factors affecting RADV are revealed by using the method of phase space reconstruction (PSR). Secondly, to rank the importance of influencing factors, a grey trend relational analysis (TGRA) method is proposed, considering the dynamic development relationship between the RADV index and the influencing factors and integrating the absolute and relative variation of sequences in each corresponding period. Finally, to reduce the collinearity between the influencing factors, a grey trend relational clustering (TGRC) analysis method is proposed. According to the above steps, the process of identifying factors based on PSR-TGRC method is formed. Taking Henan Province as an example, 14 main influencing factors and their effects on RADV are identified from all 42 factors, and the identification results which are consistent with the actual drought relief work show the rationality and practicality of PSR-TGRC method and provide theoretical support for formulating strategies of regional agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.
Prolonged Length of Stay in the Emergency Department and Mortality in Critically Ill Elderly Patients with Infections: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Choi Wonjin , Woo Seon Hee , Kim Dae Hee , Lee June Young , Lee Woon Jeong , Jeong Sikyoung , Cha Kyungman , Youn Chun Song , Park Sanghyun
Published: July 2021

Background. This study aimed at investigating whether the length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department (ED) is associated with mortality in elderly patients with infections admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Delayed admission to the ICU may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes in elderly patients with infections. Methods. This was a retrospective study conducted with subjects over 65 years of age admitted to the ICU from 5 EDs. We recorded demographic data, clinical findings, initial laboratory results, and ED LOS. Outcomes were all-cause in-hospital mortality and hospital LOS. A multivariable regression model was applied to identify factors predictive of mortality. Results. A total of 439 patients admitted to the ICU via the ED were included in this study, 132 (30.1%) of whom died in the hospital. The median (IQR) age was 78 (73, 83) years. In multivariable analysis, a history of malignancy (OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.88–7.52;

p
<
0.001

), high lactate level (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01–1.27;

p
=
0.039

), and ED LOS (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.02;

p
=
0.039

) were independent risk factors for all-cause in-hospital admission. Elderly patients with an ED LOS >12 hours had a longer hospital LOS (

p
=
0.018

), and those with an ED LOS > 24 hours had a longer hospital LOS and higher mortality rate (

p
=
0.044
,
 
p
=
0.008

). Conclusions. This study shows that prolonged ED LOS is independently associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with infections requiring ICU admission. ED LOS should be considered in strategies to prevent adverse outcomes in elderly patients with infections who visit the ED.
OCT Biomarkers in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review
Authors: Metrangolo Cristian , Donati Simone , Mazzola Marco , Fontanel Liviana , Messina Walter , D’alterio Giulia , Rubino Marisa , Radice Paolo , Premi Elias , Azzolini Claudio
Published: July 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in elderly people. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) is responsible for the majority of cases of severe visual loss in eyes with AMD. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most widely used technology for the diagnosis and follow-up of nAMD patients, which is widely used to study and guide the clinical approach, as well as to predict and evaluate treatment response. The aim of this review is to describe and analyze various structural OCT-based biomarkers, which have practical value during both initial assessment and treatment follow-up of nAMD patients. While central retinal thickness has been the most common and one of the first OCT identified biomarkers, today, other qualitative and quantitative biomarkers provide novel insight into disease activity and offer superior prognostic value and better guidance for tailored therapeutic management. The key importance of retinal fluid compartmentalization (intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, and subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluid) will be discussed firstly. In the second part, the structural alterations of different retinal layers in various stages of the disease (photoreceptors layer integrity, hyperreflective dots, outer retinal tubulations, subretinal hyperreflective material, and retinal pigment epithelial tears) will be analyzed in detail. The last part of the review will focus on how alterations of the vitreoretinal interface (vitreomacular adhesion and traction) and of the choroid (sub-RPE hyperreflective columns, prechoroidal clefts, choroidal caverns, choroidal thickness and choroidal volume, and choroidal vascular index) interact with nAMD progression. OCT technology is evolving very quickly, and new retinal biomarkers are continuously described. This up-to-date review article provides a comprehensive description on how structural OCT-based biomarkers provide a valuable tool to monitor the progression of the disease and the treatment response in nAMD patients. Thus, in this perspective, clinicians will be able to allocate hospital resources in the best possible way and tailor treatment to the individual patient’s needs.
Management of Complex Pelvic Fracture with Associated Both Column Acetabular Fracture Judet-Letournel Type and a Coccygeal Fracture in a Severe Polytrauma Patient
Authors: Fiolin Jessica , Pontoh Ludwig Andre Powantia , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto
Published: July 2021

Comprehensive emergency managements and early stabilization are pivotal upon treating complex pelvic and acetabular fractures. A thorough operative strategy is required to determine the best operative approach based on the patient’s general condition, available facilities, and surgeon preferences in such complex fracture configuration. Advanced technique of the fixation is necessary during a skillful execution of surgery in order to achieve good treatment results. An 18-years-old female crushed by a bus upon crossing street, presented with hypovolemic shock with ISS polytrauma score 50 consisting of right acetabular associated both column fracture, bilateral pelvic fracture anteroposterior compression type 3, and coccygeal fracture with bilateral drop foot. She underwent emergency laparotomy, had her ovary, bladder, and intestine primarily sutured, and then we immobilized the pelvic using anterior frame external fixator, which was maintained for 6 days. Upon stable condition, we performed right ilioinguinal approach and modified Stoppa with lateral window for the left side, while Kocher-Langenbeck technique was used to approach the posterior acetabular column. Postoperative radiology showed an adequate internal fixation in both right acetabular columns, successful reconstruction of pelvic ring which was fixated the left ischium, left superior and inferior pubic rami, and full restoration of left sacroiliac joint disruption. Majeed pelvic outcome score was 54, while Hannover pelvic outcome score was good and the patient was able to sit without pain 2 months postoperative. Management of complex pelvic-acetabular-coccygeal fracture requires a holistic chain of treatment by emphasizing the prompt emergency management, accurate preoperative planning, and excellent execution of reconstructive surgical strategy to achieve satisfactory outcome.
Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Izuno Satoshi , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Sudo Nobuyuki
Published: July 2021

Background: The brain and gut communicate bidirectionally via immune, neurological, and endocrine pathways, which is termed the “brain-gut interaction.” Recent studies of gut microbiota as a mediator of this interaction have provided a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests that the gut microbiota influences stress and emotional responses and stress-related disorders. Summary: Major advances in analytical methods have led to an increased number of studies that combine gut microbiota and neuroimaging, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, to elucidate the mechanisms. Observational studies have been done to examine brain characteristics related to gut microbiota profiles, and intervention studies have examined brain changes related to probiotic intake. Studies of healthy subjects using negative emotional stimuli have shown that the pattern of emotional response differs depending on the gut microbiota profile and that probiotic intervention can modulate emotional response and be a buffer against the negative effects of stress. In studies on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a typical psychosomatic disorder, IBS-specific gut microbiota were reported to contribute to visceral irritability and pain by affecting the subcortical regions. Studies on psychiatric disorders revealed that a relative abundance of Bacteroides that produce γ-aminobutyric acid in feces was associated with a change in brain function specific to depression and that gut microbiota have an influence on abnormalities in the reward system of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
A Novel OGR1 (GPR68) Inhibitor Attenuates Inflammation in Murine Models of Colitis
Authors: de Vallière Cheryl , Bäbler Katharina , Busenhart Philipp , Schwarzfischer Marlene , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Schuler Cordelia , Atrott Kirstin , Lang Silvia , Spalinger Marianne R. , Scharl Michael , Ruiz-Castro Pedro A. , Hausmann Martin , Rogler Gerhard
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Local extracellular acidification is associated with several conditions, such as ischemia, cancer, metabolic disease, respiratory diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several recent studies reported a link between IBD and a family of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors. Our previous studies point to an essential role for OGR1 (GPR68) in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a novel OGR1 inhibitor in murine models of colitis. Methods: The effects of a novel small-molecule OGR1 inhibitor were assessed in the acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine models of colitis. Macroscopic disease indicators of intestinal inflammation were evaluated, and epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration and proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The OGR1 inhibitor ameliorated clinical parameters in acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. In mice treated with the OGR1 inhibitor, endoscopy showed no thickening and normal vascularity, while fibrin was not detected. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in severity of colonic inflammation in the OGR1 inhibitor group when compared to vehicle-DSS controls. In OGR1 inhibitor-treated mice, staining for the macrophage marker F4/80 and cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 revealed a reduction of infiltrating macrophages and slightly enhanced cell proliferation, respectively. This was accompanied by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6, and the fibrosis marker TGF-β1. Conclusion: This is the first report providing evidence that a pharmacological inhibition of OGR1 has a therapeutic effect in murine colitis models. Our data suggest that targeting proton-sensing OGR1 using specific small-molecule inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.
Effect of Demineralizing Agents on Organic and Inorganic Components of Dentine
Authors: Miller Cheryl Ann , Ashworth Eleanor , Deery Chris , El sharkasi Lamis , Moorehead Robert David , Martin Nicolas
Published: July 2021

There is a requirement to ensure that in vitro studies that use demineralized human dentine models are reliable and clinically relevant. The literature reports several strategies for these studies with a lack of consensus on the mode of action of the different demineralizing acids on human dentine. This in vitro study aims to characterize the effect of clinically relevant acids on human dentine, using standardized substrates and complementary analytical techniques. The study focuses on an analysis of the mineral content and the integrity of the collagen following partial demineralization. Samples of human dentine were exposed to a range of acids commonly encountered in the oral cavity. Characterization of the mineral content used Vickers micro-hardness, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. Characterization of the collagen integrity was undertaken by means of scanning electron microscopy and hydroxyproline assay. The following conclusions were reached: (i) each demineralizing agent tested had a unique effect on the mineral levels; (ii) chelating agents, strong acids, and weak acids affect the mineral and organic phases of dentine in significantly different ways with no correlation between them; and (iii) the demineralizing agents caused some degree of collagen denaturation, citric acid causing the most damage. Overall, there is no clear link between the type of demineralizing agent and the effect on the organic and inorganic dentine. The choice of demineralizing agent should be aligned to the experiment objectives so that the selected dentine (caries or erosion) model is fit for the purpose.
Vein of Marshall Ethanol Infusion: Feasibility, Pitfalls, and Complications in Over 700 Patients
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Derval Nicolas , Duchateau Josselin , Denis Arnaud , Nakashima Takashi , Takagi Takamitsu , Ramirez F. Daniel , André Clémentine , Krisai Philipp , Nakatani Yosuke , Tixier Romain , Chauvel Rémi , Cheniti Ghassen , Kusano Kengo , Cochet Hubert , Sacher Frédéric , Hocini Mélèze , Jaïs Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Pambrun Thomas
Published: July 2021

Background:

Vein of Marshall (VOM) ethanol infusion is a relatively new therapeutic option for atrial tachyarrhythmias. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, pitfalls, and complications associated with this procedure in a large cohort of patients.

Methods:

Successful ethanol infusion, VOM-related lesion extent, and serious complications were evaluated in 713 consecutive patients treated with VOM ethanol infusion.

Results:

While feasible in 88.9% of cases, VOM ethanol infusion failure mainly resulted from nonidentification (6.2%), noncannulation (1.5%), or ethanol infusion in the wrong vein (1.7%). The Vieussens valve was a helpful landmark and was visible in 63.2% of cases. Multivariable analysis identified previous coronary sinus ablation as the only predictor for nonidentification. The mean area of VOM-related endocardial scarring was 10.2±5.3 cm
2
. VOM dissection (10.7%), iodine leakage (3.0%), and VOM morphology without visible branches (3.0%) were associated with smaller VOM-related scarring (5.0±3.9, 6.6±3.5, and 4.7±2.3 cm
2
, with a
P
<0.0001,
P
<0.044, and
P
<0.0001, respectively). Ethanol infusion in a wrong vein was associated with less mitral line block (72.7% versus 95.8%,
P
=0.012). A total of 14 serious complications (2.0%) occurred: 7 tamponades, of which were 6 delayed and treated with pericardiocentesis (2 of these patients had per-procedural VOM perforation), 4 strokes, 1 anaphylactic shock, 1 atrioventricular block, and 1 left appendage isolation. Only 4 of these complications occurred during the procedure.

Conclusions:

Although limited by previous coronary sinus ablation, VOM ethanol infusion is a highly feasible treatment for atrial tachyarrhythmia, with a low rate of serious complications.
Sex-Specific Associations of Genetically Predicted Circulating Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) and Hepatic
LPA
Gene Expression Levels With Cardiovascular Outcomes: Mendelian Randomization and Observational Analyses
Authors: Guertin Jakie , Kaiser Yannick , Manikpurage Hasanga , Perrot Nicolas , Bourgeois Raphaëlle , Couture Christian , Wareham Nicholas J. , Bossé Yohan , Pibarot Philippe , Stroes Erik S.G. , Mathieu Patrick , Clavel Marie-Annick , Thériault Sébastien , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Arsenault Benoit J.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Elevated Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke (IS), and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Studies investigating the association between Lp(a) levels and these diseases in women have yielded inconsistent results.

Methods:

To investigate the association of Lp(a) with sex-specific cardiovascular outcomes, we determined the association between genetically predicted Lp(a) levels (using 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the
LPA
locus) and hepatic
LPA
expression (using 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the
LPA
locus associated with
LPA
mRNA expression in liver samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset) on CAD, IS, and CAVS using individual participant data from the UK Biobank: 408 403 participants of European ancestry (37 102, 4283, and 2574 with prevalent CAD, IS, and CAVS, respectively). The long-term association between Lp(a) levels and incident CAD, IS, and CAVS was also investigated in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk: 18 721 participants (3964, 846, and 424 with incident CAD, IS, and CAVS, respectively).

Results:

Genetically predicted plasma Lp(a) levels were positively and similarly associated with prevalent and incident CAD and CAVS in men and women. Genetically predicted plasma Lp(a) levels were associated with prevalent and incident IS when we studied men and women pooled together, and in men only. Genetically predicted
LPA
expression levels were associated with prevalent CAD and CAVS in men and women but not with IS.

Conclusions:

Genetically predicted blood Lp(a) and hepatic
LPA
gene expression as well as serum Lp(a) levels predict the risk of CAD and CAVS in men and in women. Whether RNA interference therapies aiming at lowering Lp(a) levels could be useful in reducing cardiovascular disease risk in both men and women with high Lp(a) levels needs to be determined in large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials.
Chance-Constrained Active Inference
Authors: van de Laar Thijs , Şenöz İsmail , Özçelikkale Ayça , Wymeersch Henk
Published: July 2021

Active inference (ActInf) is an emerging theory that explains perception and action in biological agents in terms of minimizing a free energy bound on Bayesian surprise. Goal-directed behavior is elicited by introducing prior beliefs on the underlying generative model. In contrast to prior beliefs, which constrain all realizations of a random variable, we propose an alternative approach through chance constraints, which allow for a (typically small) probability of constraint violation, and demonstrate how such constraints can be used as intrinsic drivers for goal-directed behavior in ActInf. We illustrate how chance-constrained ActInf weights all imposed (prior) constraints on the generative model, allowing, for example, for a trade-off between robust control and empirical chance constraint violation. Second, we interpret the proposed solution within a message passing framework. Interestingly, the message passing interpretation is not only relevant to the context of ActInf, but also provides a general-purpose approach that can account for chance constraints on graphical models. The chance constraint message updates can then be readily combined with other prederived message update rules without the need for custom derivations. The proposed chance-constrained message passing framework thus accelerates the search for workable models in general and can be used to complement message-passing formulations on generative neural models.
Donysia avia (Primulaceae), a new species from Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: MEHREGAN IRAJ , YOUNESI SIMIN , LIDÉN MAGNUS
Published: July 2021

Dionysia avia, a new species from Esfahan province of Iran, is described, illustrated and compared with similar and related species. The new species is similar to D. bachtiarica and D. lamingtonii, but differs from the former mainly in showing isophylly and having abaxially pubescent leaves, pubescent calyx lobes and corollas, and capsules with 5–6 seeds, and can be distinguished from the latter mainly by its looser habit, softer and larger leaves, and calyx split to the base. A distribution map and a key to D. avia and similar species is provided.
Revision of the Parmelia saxatilis group in Italy based on morphological, chemical, and molecular data
Authors: CASTELLANI MARIA BEATRICE , BIANCHI ELISABETTA , COPPI ANDREA , NASCIMBENE JURI , BENESPERI RENATO
Published: July 2021

Recent molecular studies on Parmelia revealed several new semi-cryptic and cryptic species, suggesting the existence of considerable genetic diversity within this genus that may not yet be expressed at the phenotypic level. This is the case of the two species Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana that have been described in the P. saxatilis group from Europe and that are still poorly known in Italy. The main aim of this study is to shed light into the Italian distribution of these cryptic species on the basis of a systematic and taxonomic revision of exiccata and new specimens of the Parmelia saxatilis group collected along a biogeographical gradient through the Italian peninsula. In this revision, we combined morphological, chemical, and molecular data and evaluated their reliability for identification at the species level. Results indicate that P. saxatilis is the most widespread species and that P. ernstiae is much more widespread than previously thought. In contrast, P. serrana seems to be a rare species in Italy. Our results also indicate that the combined use of morphological and chemical data does not provide a reliable tool to discriminate the cryptic species of this group and that molecular data are thus indispensable for identification at the species level. Finally, our phylogenetic analysis supports the existence of an unrecognized diversity in parmelioid lichens that should be further investigated.
New species and new records of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia
Authors: RODRIGUEZ PEDRO ALEXANDER , NORRBOM ALLEN L.
Published: July 2021

Four new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. arevaloi Rodriguez & Norrbom, A. cheslavoi Rodriguez & Norrbom, A. coronis Rodriguez & Norrbom, and A. pseudacris Rodriguez & Norrbom. Additionally, A. buscki Stone, A. concava Greene, A. lutea Stone and A. zacharyi Norrbom are reported from Colombia for the first time, the occurrence of A. spatulata Stone in the country is confirmed and new distribution records of A. flavipennis Grenne and A. littoralis (Blanchard) are reported.
Retrospective Review of Multitarget Stool DNA as a Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kleinschmidt Thomas K. , Clements Austin , Parker Mark A. , Scarcliff Steven D.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To review the effectiveness of noninvasive multitarget stool DNA testing as a screening test for colorectal cancer.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients referred to 2 high volume outpatient procedural centers for colonoscopy for positive Cologuard test. Positive findings for colorectal cancer based on pathologic findings and also advanced adenomas were recorded. Positive predictive value (PPV) was assessed.

Results

Of the 1585 patients evaluated and referred for colonoscopy from January 1, 2018 to November 1, 2019, for ICD-10 codes R19.5 (other fecal abnormalities) and K92.1 (melena), 84 were referred for a positive Cologuard test. Out of the 84, 6 were excluded based on family history of colon cancer in first degree relative or personal history of inflammatory bowel disease. Of the remaining 78 patients, 1 patient (1.3%) had colorectal cancer and 5 (6.4%) had advanced adenomas (>1 cm size, high grade dysplasia or villous). Postive predictive value for colorectal cancer was 1.3% and for precancerous lesions plus colorectal cancer was 7.7%. A total of 53 (68.0%) patients had either totally normal colonoscopy or hyperplastic polyps. Out of the 78 individuals in our study, 70 (89.7%) had normal findings, hyperplastic polyps, or non-advanced adenomas.

Conclusions

Multitarget stool DNA testing carries an unacceptably low PPV to be utilized as a screening test for colorectal cancer. The study fails to detect both adenomas and colon cancer at a higher rate than screening colonoscopy in selected studies. The advantage of being noninvasive has been noted to increase colorectal cancer screening in otherwise non-compliant Medicare patients.
Gratitude as a Performative
Authors: Larive Armand E.
Published: July 2021

Rather than a general theory of gratitude, the paper focuses on gratitude as a human dynamic in appreciative recognition of others. The phenomenology of Emmanuel Levinas’ face-to-face ethics is discussed as the subject’s call to responsibility for an Other. Following Jacques Derrida’s criticism of how this responsibility binds the subject into a hostage position regarding the Other, Paul Ricoeur repairs the working value of Levinas’ ethics by loosening the face-to-face obligation of the Other into one of reconnaissance, or thankful recognition. Without losing the face-to-face dynamic, the expression of reconnaissance is then investigated through J. L. Austin’s theory of performatives where gratitude is expressed as a speech act, or with the help of Judith Butler, where performativity is an activity expressing a reconnaissance between people over time. Three examples are given at the end.
Households Under Economic Change: How Micro- and Macroeconomic Conditions Shape Grocery Shopping Behavior
Authors: Scholdra Thomas P. , Wichmann Julian R.K. , Eisenbeiss Maik , Reinartz Werner J.
Published: July 2021

Economic conditions may significantly affect households’ shopping behavior and, by extension, retailers’ and manufacturers’ firm performance. By explicitly distinguishing between two basic types of economic conditions—micro conditions, in terms of households’ personal income, and macro conditions, in terms of the business cycle—this study analyzes how households adjust their grocery shopping behavior. The authors observe more than 5,000 households over eight years and analyze shopping outcomes in terms of what, where, and how much they shop and spend. Results show that micro and macro conditions substantially influence shopping outcomes, but in very different ways. Microeconomic changes lead households to adjust primarily their overall purchase volume—that is, after losing income, households buy fewer products and spend less in total. In contrast, macroeconomic changes cause pronounced structural shifts in households’ shopping basket allocation and spending behavior. Specifically, during contractions, households shift purchases toward private labels while also buying and consequently spending more than during expansions. During expansions, however, households increasingly purchase national brands but keep their total spending constant. The authors discuss psychological and sociological mechanisms that can explain the differential effects of micro and macro conditions on shopping behavior and develop important diagnostic and normative implications for retailers and manufacturers.
COVID-19 disaster management plans for two laboratory animal facilities in South Africa
Authors: Chipangura John K , Naidoo Vinny , Coertze Nicolene , Mohr Bert
Published: July 2021

Policies and guidelines are available for acute disasters such as earthquakes, fire and floods, however, little is available on how laboratory animal facilities should mitigate subacute disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic that imposed major restrictions on the free movement of people. As such, laboratory animal facilities had to find plausible mitigating measures to safeguard the welfare of animals in their care, to prevent animal suffering if staff could not reach the animals, albeit with limited time. The simplest approach was to stop active experiments and halt animal breeding, or to euthanize all animals. Challenges with such methods included the ethical debate regarding euthanasia of animals at the start of a pandemic and the need to perform a harm–benefit analysis while drafting the disaster plans, termination of studies at advanced stages with information loss or killing of genetically modified strains that would be difficult to replace.

Two research animal facilities in South Africa addressed these challenges by implementing several changes such as allowing only essential studies to continue, maintaining small breeding colonies for essential strains, and providing staff with private transport for travelling to and from work to avoid public transport and risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Engineering changes included redesigning working areas to cater for social distancing.

The mitigating measures put in place by the two laboratory animal facilities were successful in ensuring the continued welfare of animals during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. These measures can be adopted in future pandemics that lead to restricted movement of staff.

Plans de gestion en cas de catastrophes telles que le COVID-19 pour deux installations d’animaux de laboratoire en Afrique du Sud
Research on variation law of geophysical drill-bit downhole flow field under the interaction of multiple hydraulic factors
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenlin , Zhu Jing , Xie Dou , Dai Maolin
Published: July 2021

Mountain geophysical prospecting operations play an important role in the entire petroleum exploration field. Geophysical drill-bit is the main tool for mountain geophysical prospecting operations. Its hydraulic structure directly affects the downhole flow field and then affects the chip removal efficiency and drilling efficiency of the bit. At present, most of the scholars’ research is focused on Poly Diamond Crystalline bit, roller bit, etc., and the research on geophysical drill-bit is less, and most of them study the downhole flow field based on the change of single hydraulic structure. The primary objective of this research is to study the variation law of the downhole flow field under the interaction of multiple hydraulic structure factors. The drilling time and cuttings size of two geophysical drill-bits with different hydraulic structures are compared, and the key hydraulic structure factors are selected for analysis. Using numerical simulation software, take different levels of key hydraulic structure parameters and carry out orthogonal experiments. Under the interaction of various factors, study the flow field distribution in the flow channel, the downhole, and the annulus area of the shaft lining. The hydraulic structure of the geophysical drill-bit is closely related to the drilling speed and chip removal efficiency. When multiple hydraulic factors are changed, the diameter of the flow channel is the best when it is 10–12.5 mm, the inclination of the flow channel should be set as close as possible to the center of the downhole, and the length of the chip groove increases, the movement of cuttings is more stable. Variation law of downhole flow field under the interaction of multiple hydraulic factors is studied. This study provides a basis for the hydraulic structure design and optimization of the geophysical drill-bit.
Free vibration and damping analysis of the cylindrical shell partially covered with equidistant multi-ring hard coating based on a unified Jacobi-Ritz method
Authors: Yang Jian , Song Hua , Chen Dong , Zhang Yue
Published: July 2021

In this study, the aim was to evaluate the vibration suppression performance of the partially covered equidistant multi-ring hard coating damping treatment for the cylindrical shell structure in aviation power equipment. A continuous rectangular pulse function was presented to describe the local thickness variation of arbitrary coating proportion and arbitrary number of coating rings. A semi-analytical unified solution procedure was established by combining the rectangular pulse function, the generalized Jacobi polynomials, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The stiffness coefficient k = 1013 N/m2 and the truncation number N = 8 were found to be large enough to achieve an accurate and efficient solution of the vibration analysis of the shell. The modal loss factor generally increased with the increase of the coating proportion ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 for all the circumferential wave numbers. The modal loss factor increased roughly linear with the coating proportion for all the circumferential wave numbers. And the modal loss factor was increased with the circumferential wave number, and the greater the number of circumferential waves, the greater the rate of change. The increase of the ring number was not always beneficial for vibration reduction of the shell, while the modal loss factor increased roughly linear with the coating proportion. The increased ring number and coating proportion tend more to exhibit an obvious incremental damping effect under larger circumferential wave number.
Arrangement of soft fingers for automatic grasping of fabric pieces of garment
Authors: Su Junqiang , Shen Jinzhu , Lyu Jia
Published: July 2021

It is a global challenge in the textile and apparel industry to grasp and separate fabric pieces automatically using mechanical devices. This paper summarized studies on grasping a textile cutting piece by different principles and mechanical systems, and focused on bionic soft fingers made of silica gel. In the study, we first tested single-point grasping to explore the factors that influence the grasping effects of soft fingers, and found that (a) the grasping margin is a crucial factor that influences the effect of grasping, (b) the sides and the directions of a piece play important roles in grasping, and a reverse side and a vertical direction often bring better results of grasping, and (c) although the opening distance of a soft finger is significant to the result of grasping, successful grasping is a joint result of the grasping margin and the opening distance. We then experimented with the arrangement of soft fingers, and discovered that (a) the shape and the area of a cut piece are the determinants for the number of soft fingers that have to be used, (b) a soft finger is needed at the intersections of a piece to guarantee unfolded grasping and transferring, and (c) the number of soft fingers to be used for a specific grasping task can be estimated after major factors are determined. The conclusion we proposed is easy to understand and is convenient for training or application in an industrial production. In the future, it is expected to be applied to the intelligent production of clothing.
Selective migration and urban–rural differences in subjective well-being: Evidence from the United Kingdom
Authors: Hoogerbrugge Marloes , Burger Martijn
Published: July 2021

Although more and more people choose to live in (large) cities, people in the Western world generally report lower levels of subjective well-being in urban areas than in rural areas. This article examines whether these urban–rural differences in subjective well-being are (partly) driven by selective migration patterns. To this end, we utilise residential mobility data from the United Kingdom based on 12 waves of the British Household Panel Survey. We explore urban–rural differences in life satisfaction as well as changes in life satisfaction of people moving from rural areas to urban areas (or vice versa), hereby paying specific attention to selection and composition effects. The results show that selective migration can, at least partly, explain the urban–rural subjective well-being differential through the selection of less satisfied people in cities and more satisfied people in the countryside. While the average life satisfaction of urban–rural migrants is higher compared to the life satisfaction of rural–urban migrants, we do not find – on average – long-lasting life satisfaction effects of migration. At the same time, there are differences between sociodemographic groups in that we find that a move from the countryside to the city is positively associated with the life satisfaction of students while it is negatively associated with the life satisfaction of people with a non-tertiary education.
Modelling and synchronous control for a dual-waterjets propulsion steering system
Authors: Gong Zhenghua , Xu Zijing , Lin Hui , Xiong Wen , Liu Tieliang , Yuan Jingqi
Published: July 2021

Waterjet propulsion is increasingly used in both combat and civil ships. In this study, a mechanism analysis-based modelling approach of a dual-waterjets propulsion steering system is presented. Experiments carried out on an experimental platform are used to validate the model system. Then a model-based synchronous control strategy for the dual-waterjets propulsion steering system is developed. The experiment results show that the model-based proportional–integral synchronous control strategy may reduce the synchronization error significantly compared with the reciprocal of the synchronization error driving synchronous control strategy practised on some small ships.
Intelligent approach for optimal sizing in photovoltaic panel-battery system and optimizing smart grid energy
Authors: Naceur Ferdaws Ben , Salah Chokri Ben , Telmoudi Achraf Jabeur , Mahjoub Mohamed Ali
Published: July 2021

Renewable energy plays a very important role in solving energy problems, and solar energy is one of the most important renewable sources, especially in sunny countries.

This paper deals with two problems: The first one is about optimal sizing in a photovoltaic panel (PVP)-battery system, and the second consists in energy management in smart grids. To achieve the first objective, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) estimation algorithm is developed in order to estimate a database of instantaneous photovoltaic power. The estimated instantaneous photovoltaic power is used in an optimal algorithm to size a PVP-battery power station to supply a 1.5 kW AC load. For the second objective, a deep learning forecasting algorithm is realized to estimate the smart grid parameters so as to optimize the consumption energy. All results are checked carrying out Matlab simulation using real weather data. The simulation results give a good performance of our proposed sizing and management systems.
Experimental output regulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor position servo system: An internal model-based two-step control approach
Authors: Ping Zhaowu , Song Yang , Li Yaoyi , Huang Yunzhi , Lu Jun-Guo
Published: July 2021

It is well known that the position tracking control problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a challenging task when parameter uncertainties and time-varying load torque disturbances are taken into account. In this paper, a two-step controller design strategy composed of triple-loop control and internal model control is proposed to achieve a wide range of position tracking control of PMSM, where the reference position can be a relatively large value. In contrast, only local position tracking control problem has been solved by an internal model approach from output regulation theory in the recent work. In addition to the simulation results, the first experimental study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-step control method. It is worth mentioning that our design can guarantee precise position tracking with a wide position range despite parameter uncertainties and time-varying load torque disturbances.
Beyond the Bottom Line: Don’t Forget to Consider the Role of the Family
Authors: Quade Matthew J. , Wan Maggie , Carlson Dawn S. , Kacmar K. Michele , Greenbaum Rebecca L.
Published: July 2021

Our work investigates the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) (i.e., a one-dimensional focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other organizational priorities) on employees’ organizational commitment via the work-family interface as well as the crossover effects of SBLM on the organizational commitment of the employees’ spouse. More specifically, we examined how SBLM contributes to work-family conflict (WFC) and impacts the experienced commitment of the dyad along three paths. We conducted two studies across three samples (Study 1, Sample A: 186 employees; Study 1, Sample B: 258 employees; Study 2: 399 employee-spouse dyads) to demonstrate the unique role of SBLM in this context and find support for the hypothesized relationships. First, the resource drain of SBLM had a spillover effect through WFC to decrease the employee’s commitment at work. Second, it crossed over to the spouse to reduce their own organizational commitment due to the employee being a source of family undermining, which subsequently influenced the spouse’s family-work conflict (FWC). Third, SBLM impacted the spouse such that it crossed back to contribute to decreased organizational commitment for the employee. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed as well as directions for future research.
The Interaction of Cognitive Profiles and Text-to-Speech Software on Reading Comprehension of Adolescents With Reading Challenges
Authors: Silvestri Robert , Holmes Alana , Rahemtulla Rafiq
Published: July 2021

This study utilized the Simple View of Reading (SVR) model cognitive subtypes to determine the impact of text-to-speech (TTS) software on the reading comprehension of 94 grade 8 students with reading difficulties.

Method:

paired samples t tests for all four SVR groups were conducted to examine reading comprehension scores under TTS and no-TTS conditions.

Results:

only those participants with a dyslexic profile (listening comprehension greater than decoding skills), demonstrated significant gains in reading comprehension in the TTS compared to the no-TTS condition; a large effect size (1.58 grade level increase) was found. Furthermore, this group’s literal comprehension improved much more than their inferential comprehension when utilizing TTS.

Implications:

a one-size fits all approach for the selection of TTS for struggling readers is not recommended. SVR subtyping incorporated into psychoeducational assessments can inform appropriate assignment of TTS to struggling readers.