bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL PERAGA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Hikmawati Hikmawati , Azmi Syahrul
Published: January 2018

Abstrak : Salah satu tujuan pembelajaran sains dan matematika di sekolah menengah pertama adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, konsep, dan keterampilan sains dan matematika siswa sebagai dasar untuk melanjutkanpendidikan ke jenjang selanjutnya. Keberadaan media dalam pembelajaran sangat diperlukan mengingat sains dan matematika memiliki konsep-konsep abstrak yang seringkali menjadi alasan sulitnya mempelajari materi kedua mata pelajaran tersebut. Media tiga dimensi dalam sains maupun alat peraga dalam matematika merupakan model peraga yang dapat dijadikan media dalam pembelajaran. Media tiga dimensi dapat berupa gambar yang setidaknya memiliki tiga sisi (depan, belakang dan samping) sehingga sebuah gambar tiga dimensi dapat dilihat dari berbagai arah. Peranan alat peraga dalam matematika adalah meletakkan ide-ide dasar konsep sehingga dengan bantuan alat peraga yang sesuai, siswa dapat memahami ide-ide dasar yang melandasi sebuah konsep, mengetahui cara membuktikan suatu rumus atau teorema, dan dapat menarik suatu kesimpulan dari hasil pengamatannya. Dengan demikian, model peraga dapat digunakan sebagai alat peraga untuk menerangkan konsep materi pelajaran sehingga siswa menjadi lebih tertarik, berminat dan memiliki motivasi belajar yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.Kata-kata kunci : model peraga, media pembelajaran.Abstract : One goal of learning science and mathematics in secondary schools is to improve the knowledge, concepts, and skills of science and mathematics students as a basis for continuing their education to the next. The presence of media in learning is necessary considering the science and mathematics have the abstract concepts that are often the reason for the difficulty of studying the material both these subjects. Three-dimensional media in science andmathematics teaching aids in a visual model that can be used as media of learning. Media can be either three-dimensional image that has at least three sides (front, rear and side) so that a three-dimensional images can be viewed from various directions. The role of teaching aids in mathematics is to put the basic ideas of the concept that with the aid of appropriate props, students can grasp the basic ideas underlying the concept, knowing how to prove a formula or theorem, and can draw a conclusion from the results of his observations. Thus, the model can be used as a visual prop to explain the concept of subject matter so that students become more interested, interested and motivated to learn, which in turn will improve student achievement.Key words : models of visual aids, learning media.
MODEL LABORATORIUM VIRTUAL FISIKA MODERN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN GENERIK SAINS MAHASISWA
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Telah dikembangkan sebuah model laboratorium virtual untuk perkuliahan fisika modern. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas model laboratorium virtual fisika modern terhadap keterampilan generik sains mahasiswa. Penelitian ini melibatkan 64 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari 2 kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan generik sains yang terintegrasi dengan penguasaan konsep fisika modern. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda rata-rata dan skor gain yang dinormalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan generik sains pada kedua kelas. Indikator yang mengalami peningkatan tertinggi adalah kemampuan inferensi logika dan kemampuan membangun konsep. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model laboratorium virtual fisika modern efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan generik sains mahasiswa.ÃÂ Kata kunci: Laboratorium Virtual, Fisika Modern, Keterampilan Generik SainsAbstract: We have developed a virtual laboratory model for teaching modern physics. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a virtual laboratory model of modern physics on studentsÃ¢â¬â¢ generic science skills. The study involved 64 students who were divided into two groups, the experimental group and control group. The research instrument used a generic science skills test that is integrated with the mastery of concepts of modern physics. Data were analyzed by using mean-difference test and normalized gain scores. The results showed an increase in generic science skills in both groups. Indicators showed that the highest increases are logical inference capability and the ability to build concepts. These results indicate that the virtual laboratory model of modern physics is effective to increase studentsÃ¢â¬â¢ generic science skills.ÃÂ Keywords: Virtual Laboratory, Modern Physics, Generic Science Skills
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR IKATAN KIMIA DITINJAU DARI KESALAHAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 3 MATARAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2007/2008
Authors: Haris Mukhtar , Al Idrus Syarifa Wahidah
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan kesalahan-kesalahan konsep siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Mataram dalam mempelajari ikatan kimia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 konsep yang diujikan,ÃÂ  sangat sedikit siswa yang mengalami kesalahan konsep (0% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 20%) pada 6 konsep, sedikit siswa mengalami kesalahan konsep (20% < K Ã¢â°Â¤ 40%) pada 2 konsep, cukup banyak siswa mengalami kesalahan konsep (40% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 60%) pada 2 konsep, dan banyak siswa mengalami kesalahan konsep (60% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 80%) pada 2 konsep. Serta sebagian besar siswa (62,5%) termasuk kategori sulit - sangat sulit (skor 0 Ã¢â¬â 7 dari skor maksimal 16) dalam mempelajari ikatan kimia. Dengan demikian, sebagian besar siswa SMA Negeri 3 Mataram mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari ikatan kimia akibat dari kesalahan konsep.Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar, ikatan kimia, kesalahan konsepÃÂ Abstract: This study aims to determine and explain the misconceptions of class X SMA Negeri 3 Mataram in the study of chemical bonds. Collecting data using a test technique. Results showed that of the 12 concepts tested, very few students have misconceptions (0% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 20%) at 6 concept, few students have misconceptions (20% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 40%) at 2 concept, pretty much students have misconceptions (40% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 60%) at 2 concepts, and many students have misconceptions (60% < KK Ã¢â°Â¤ 80%) at 2 concepts. Most students (62.5%) belong to the category it is difficult - very difficult (score 0-7 from the maximum score 16) in studying the chemical bonds. Thus, the majority of SMA Negeri 3 Mataram students experiencing difficulties in studying the chemical bonds as a result of misconception.Key words: learning difficulties, chemical bonding, misconception
PERBEDAAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN PEMBERIAN ADVANCE ORGANIZER PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X
Authors: Harjono Ahmad
Published: January 2018

Abstrak. Paradigma baru pempelajaran menyediakan peluang para siswa dengan aktif terlibat ÃÂ dalam proses pempelajaran dan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan ÃÂ bersama-sama meningkatkan pemahaman. Penggunaan struktur tertentu dirancang untuk mempengaruhi pola interaksi siswa. Satu strategi adalah kooperatif struktur think-pair-share, menetapkan prosedur untuk memberi para siswa lebih waktu untuk berpikir, menjawab, dan saling membantu. Penelitian dirancang untuk mengintegrasikan strategi pembelajaran (struktur think-pair-share dan ekspositori) dengan pemberian advance organizer untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh utama dan interaksi strategi pembelajaran dan advance organizer terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen semu dan pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group dengan faktorial 2 x 2. Subjek penelitian adalah para siswa SMA 7 Mataram NTB kelas X tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dan advance organizer terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X.ÃÂ Kata Kunci: think-pair-share, ekspositori, advance organizer, hasil belajarÃÂ Abstract. The new paradigm of learning provide opportunities to students actively involved in the process of learning and appropriate learning strategies can enhance the activity and mutual help increase understanding. The use of a particular structure is designed to influence the pattern of student interaction. One strategy is to structure cooperative learning think-pair-share, has established procedures to explicitly give students more time to think, respond, and help each other. The study was designed to integrate learning strategies (cooperative structure of the think-pair-share and expository) by providing advance organizers to improve student learning outcomes physics class X. The purpose of this study was to determine the main effect and interaction of learning strategies and the provision of advance organizers to learning outcomes physics class X. This research uses quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design with a factorial 2 x 2. Research subjects were high school students 7 Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Province in class X semester 2010/2011 school year. The results of this study indicate that there isÃÂ  interaction between learning strategies dan advance organizers to learning outcomes of physics strudent class X.ÃÂ Keywords: think-pair-share, expository, advance organizers, learning ÃÂ outcomes
Wallenberg's Syndrome in Young Adults: Case Report
Authors: Thapa Dinesh K , Yadav Chandra Prakash , Limbu Chandra Prakash , Dhakal Sudan
Published: January 2018

Wallenberg's syndrome which is also known as Lateral medullary syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome is a very rare cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This has variability of presentation which cause the under diagnose for Wallenberg Syndrome. Generally ischemic CVA and especially medullary infarction occurs in the old patients but here we report two cases of Wallenberg syndrome in young adults, first is 35 years male and second is 38 years female. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 306-308
Evaluation of thickness of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia cores by digital microscope
Authors: Habib Syed Rashid , Otaibi Asim Khaled Al , anazi Talal Ali Al , anazi Samer Mosleh Al
Published: January 2018

Despite several advantages of digitalized workflow, researchers have noted discrepancies in the precision and trueness. This study investigated the accuracy in the final thickness of Zirconia (Zr) cores fabricated by five CAD/CAM systems. Standardized manufacturing of the cores with 1 mm thickness were carried out. Cores were then sectioned into two halves and measurement made with Digital Microscope at 5 points in micrometers. Overall, mean thickness for the groups was 1048.81 [Formula: see text] 94.01, which was 48 [Formula: see text]m higher than the thickness programmed in the software. Anova showed a statistically significant difference between the groups ([Formula: see text] 0.000). Presence of variations in the thickness and 5 measurement points for the CAD/CAM systems investigated was found. No significant difference was observed and the thickness of the cores were within acceptable level.
Ordonnance pour la vendicion des Bois de Nivelle pour l'an 1587
Authors: Hoebanx Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2018

Les bois et forêts constituent pour leurs propriétaires un patrimoine qu'il convient de sauvegarder. Ce fut le cas pour certains bois du Brabant wallon qui appartenaient au chapitre de Nivelles et aux ducs de Brabant.

Plusieurs ordonnances concernent ces bois. L'une d'elles, celle de 1587, traite de l'exploitation des coupes qui y sont taillées et de leur mode de vente.
Draps brabançons et conduit des foires de Champagne. A propos d'un acte de 1340
Authors: Yante Jean-Marie
Published: January 2018

En 1340, les gardes et le chancelier des foires de Champagne et de Brie organisent l'indemnisation de marchands de Dijon et de Milan délestés de draps brabançons par les sires d'Apremont à Marbotte, dans la région de la haute Meuse. Le comte de Bar, détenteur du haut conduit, est solidairement responsable d'un remboursement échelonné sur sept années. L'acte apporte un éclairage bienvenu sur le conduit des foires, pilier des rendez-vous champenois, sur la place des textiles brabançons au crépuscule de ces rencontres, ainsi que sur l'activité du couple commercial Dijon-Milan, remarquable du fait de sa durée et de son caractère multiforme.
Sociale hiërarchisering en informatiebeheer tussen vorst en kasselrij. De productie van "adelslijsten" in het graafschap Vlaanderen (14de -16de eeuw)
Authors: Buylaert Frederik
Published: January 2018

Deze bijdrage biedt een kritische uitgave van een reeks lijsten van edelen en notabelen die zijn opgesteld voor de kasselrijen Kortrijk, Waas, Veurne en het Brugse Vrije op uiteenlopende tijdstippen in de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw. Daarnaast wordt ook een lijst uitgegeven die de edelen voor het hele graafschap Vlaanderen opsomt voor 1540-1543. Deze documenten zijn in de eerste plaats van belang voor het onderzoek naar lokale elites in het graafschap Vlaanderen, maar bieden daarnaast ook meer inzicht in de ontstaanscontext van de eerder gepubliceerde "adelslijsten" die het gehele graafschap Vlaanderen bestrijken en voor de mogelijke militaire mobilisatie van edelen moesten dienen. Die "adelslijsten" moeten niet begrepen worden als een illustratie van de administratieve slagkracht van de de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse staat, maar juist als een aanwijzing dat de vorstelijke instellingen afhankelijk waren van de informatie die hen werd toegestuurd vanuit de kasselrijbesturen. Het voortdurende debat over wie van adel was en wie niet werd in belangrijke mate gevoerd in de kassel-rijschepenbanken, waarin de gevestigde adel sterk vertegenwoordigd was. Als zodanig zijn de in deze publicatie uitgegeven documenten van grote waarde voor het onderzoek naar sociale hiërarchiseringsprocessen in de premoderne Vlaamse samenleving.
Regard sur la société élitaire belge du dix-neuvième siècle. L'autobiographie du conseiller de cassation Louis Crahay (1834-1904)
Authors: Muller Françoise , Nandrin Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2018

Cette contribution présente l'autobiographie du conseiller de cassation Louis Crahay (°1834-1904). Une part non négligeable de la relation est consacrée à son père, Jacques-Guillaume Crahay, un des premiers professeurs de l'Université de Louvain. L. Crahay plonge le lecteur dans la haute société catholique belge du XIXe siècle dont il dépeint la vie quotidienne sans retenue, le texte étant destiné à un cadre strictement familial. Il offre ainsi un témoignage exceptionnel de la vie privée des élites. La trame des rapports sociaux se dessine, mettant en lumière l'importance, à cette époque, des recommandations pour l'entrée et l'avancement dans la magistrature.
Signification des analyses de «linéaments» dans le nord de la France
Authors: Colbeaux Jean-Pierre , Sommé Jean
Published: January 2018

Les linéaments révélés par l'analyse géomorphologique des cartes à 1/25. 000 et les données structurales (failles) tirées de l'interprétation des sondages et de la mesure de la facturation fournissent des renseignements convergents.

Deux exemples sont pris dans une zone à substrat crayeux sous faible couverture quaternaire et dans des zones urbanisées ou à couverture postcrétacée importante. Les résultats sont discutés et confrontés aux données récentes acquises sur la tectonique quaternaire.
La crise du commerce de proximité à succursales : le cas des magasins COOP dans le Nord -Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Bondue Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2018

Crisis in the grocers' chains. The case of Co-ops' in the Nord -Pas-de-Calais region.

In France, the increase in permanent closures of grocers' branches leads to assess why they are going through such a recent breaking-down and what chance has small grocery business got of getting on.

The liquidation of consumers cooperatives in the Nord -Pas-de-Calais region is analysed as a case study. Then it is shown what sort of commercial landscape is taking the place of a thousand of closed down coops'.
Impacts des actions anthropiques sur les cordons de galets
Authors: Morel Valérie
Published: January 2018

Les accumulations de galets forment de véritables barrières naturelles contre les agressions marines. Ces cordons littoraux présentent, aujourd'hui, des dysfonctionnements qui se manifestent par l'ouverture de plus en plus fréquente de brèches, par des submersions, et par un recul accéléré des rivages. Même si on assiste aux modifications de certains paramètres naturels (fréquence accrue des tempêtes, élévation du niveau de la mer) entrant dans la dynamique de ces milieux, les pressions anthropiques, menées au cours des XIXème et XXème siècles pour des raisons économiques, sont les principales causes de dégradation de ces milieux.
Le réseau urbain en Belgique : dynamiques fonctionnelles et flux
Authors: Van Hecke Etienne
Published: January 2018

Le présent article traite du système urbain de la Belgique qui fut récemment actualisé. La définition de la hiérarchie est basée d'une part sur l'équipement d'un large éventail de fonctions et d'autre part sur les flux des consommateurs. La croissance des villes a donné naissance à des régions urbaines dépassant les limites de la ville. De ce fait le phénomène urbain doit insérer et la hiérarchie urbaine et les régions urbaines. L'importance de la population et de l'emploi des différents niveaux de villes et des régions urbaines est analysé ainsi que les flux engendrés et ce aussi bien pour les biens et services que pour les navettes de tra¬ vail. Finalement on constate que les activités du monde des affaires se cristallisent dans un nombre restreint de villes.
Sensitizing Inpatient Mental Health Staff to the Challenges of Aging
Authors: Zechner Michelle R. , Birkmann Joseph C. , Sperduto Jennifer , Pratt Carlos
Published: January 2018

Although the aging inpatient population in state psychiatric hospitals is growing significantly, there are few examples of available training to improve staff knowledge and practice. The current article describes a 10-week training series developed through a university and psychiatric hospital collaboration. Training was attended by 135 direct care nursing and rehabilitation staff and focused on improving aging awareness, problem solving, using person-centered therapeutic techniques, and engaging older adults. Staff reported improvements in therapeutic techniques, knowledge, concrete strategies for providing care, and stress management skills. Specialized training to improve understanding of aging processes and communication with older adults may also improve inpatient staff knowledge and skills. As the aging inpatient population in state psychiatric hospitals continues to grow, future work should develop manualized training initiatives to address communication needs of older adults and intervention strategies that can be used by mental health nursing staff when working with this population. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(4), 12–16.]
Destigmatizing Mental Illness: An Innovative Evidence-Based Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Carroll Stacey M.
Published: January 2018

Stigma toward individuals with mental illness is prevalent, not only in society but also among nurses caring for this population. Such stigma contributes to health disparities, discrimination, and a lack of providers working with those who experience mental illness. An evidence-based anti-stigma curriculum innovation in a mental health nursing course in an undergraduate program is described. The curriculum change, undertaken over 2 years, included two elements: (a) contact-based education, and (b) reflective activities. For the contact-based education element, volunteers with varying mental illnesses modeling a recovery focus spoke with students and reinforced the content of that day's lecture. For the reflective element, students engaged in reflective activities regarding stigma, personal biases, and changed perceptions at three points: before, during, and after the contact-based education series. Implications related to nursing and nursing education are presented. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(5), 50–55.]
La imagen de los judíos en los sermones de Bartomeu Catany, O.F.M. (c. 1380-1462)
Authors: Catalán Casanova Oriol
Published: January 2018

El artículo amplía el tradicional análisis político de los sermones del franciscano Bartomeu Catany (c. 1380-1462) con un análisis de la imagen que presentan de los judíos, las principales fuentes utilizadas, su relación con la literatura antijudía y anticonversa del siglo XV y su papel en la creación de un sentimiento de odio hacia los judíos y conversos, en el contexto de los conflictos de la Mallorca de mediados del siglo XV y de la persecución y expulsión de los judíos de los reinos hispánicos.
El final de la hegemonía hispana en la Compañía de Jesús: los memorialistas italianos (1585-1593)
Authors: Jiménez Pablo Esther
Published: January 2018

El episodio de los jesuitas castellanos que enviaron memoriales a la Inquisición española en contra del gobierno del General Aquaviva es uno de los más conocidos y conflictivos de la Historia de la Compañía de Jesús. Más desconocido, pero igualmente interesante, es el caso de los jesuitas memorialistas italianos que trataron de cambiar el gobierno y la espiritualidad de la Compañía, en un momento en que todavía la Orden era eminentemente hispana, con un monarca, Felipe II, que ejercía un férreo control sobre la Orden. Las quejas de estos memorialistas italianos a la Inquisición romana reflejaban un problema muy complejo, lleno de connotaciones políticas y de luchas de poder dentro y fuera de la Compañía.
Ángeles apócrifos en los conventos de monjas
Authors: Ávila Vivar Mario
Published: January 2018

La preponderancia de estudios sobre las series angélicas virreinales, y la creencia generalizada de que las representaciones de ángeles apócrifos constituyen una peculiaridad específica de la angelología virreinal, ha creado una relación tan estrecha entre ésta y los ángeles apócrifos, que se han llegado a considerar sinónimos. Sin embargo, tanto los textos como la presencia de estos ángeles en los conventos españoles del siglo XVII, ponen en evidencia que los ángeles apócrifos surgieron y se representaron en España mucho antes que en sus virreinatos americanos. Y que por tanto es aquí donde deben buscarse sus fuentes y su significado.
Interaction of Hydrogen Atom with Edge Dislocation in Pd and Ni
Authors: Zorya Irina V. , Poletaev Gennady M. , Starostenkov Mikhail D.
Published: January 2018

The energy characteristics of interaction of hydrogen impurity with ½<110> edge dislocation in Pd and Ni were calculated by the method of molecular dynamics. It is shown that the dislocation is effective trap for hydrogen. At the same time the dislocation jogs increases its sorption capacity with respect to hydrogen, but reduces the diffusion mobility of hydrogen along the dislocation. The diffusion of hydrogen atoms in the dislocation region occurs mainly along the dislocation core. The energy of hydrogen migration along the dislocation, as our calculations have shown, is almost two times lower than in a defect-free crystal.
Importance de la protéine F dans l'immunité au virus de la maladie de Newcastle
Authors: Meulemans G. , Letellier Carine , Espion Danièle , Lê Long  , Burny Arsène
Published: January 2018

Importance of the f protein in the immunity of the newcastle disease viruS.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against HN and F, the two surface glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus were prepared and characterized using hemagglutination inhibition, séroneutralisation and radio-immunoprecipitation tests.

The relative importance of HN and F antibodies in the immunity against Newcastle disease virus was estimated «in vitro» by séroneutralisation and «in vivo» by passive immunisation of SPF chickens.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the F protein are more potent in passive immunisation tests than HN antibodies ; moreover, they neutralize all representative strains of the different subgroups of Newcastle disease virus.

A recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the F protein of Newcastle disease virus was obtained by genetic engineering. Preliminary vaccination results using this recombinant demonstrate the potential interest of the use of Newcastle disease vaccines based on the F protein.
L’éthologie. Evolution et concepts
Authors: Lopez Rodas V.
Published: January 2018

Il y a un siècle l’éthologie n’existait pas telle que nous la concevons aujourd’hui.

Ce travail constitue une revue des faits, des idées et des expériences qui sont les bases de la science du comportement animal.
Vers une épizootie de Yersiniose chez le chinchilla ?
Authors: Guéraud Jean-Marie
Published: January 2018

To an epizootic of Yersiniosis in chinchilla ?

For last year as been isolated the same strain of Yersinia enterocolitica from three different chinchilla breedings. Lesions, organs in which the Yersinia has been found and the method of isolation are described.
Septicémie à pneumocoque (Streptococcus pneumoniae) chez le veau
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Martel Jean-Louis , Geslin Pierre , Brugère-Picoux Jeanne , Frémaux A. , Chirol C. , Brouillet P.
Published: January 2018

Les auteurs décrivent un foyer de septicémie à pneumocoques (Streptococcus pneumoniae) chez des veaux en France. L’affection sévit chez des animaux très jeunes de 0 à 8 semaines jusqu’à 3 mois et est d’évolution très rapide (quelques heures) accompagnée d’entérite subaiguë, et de lésions pulmonaires diffuses.

Cette maladie peut être confondue avec de la colibacillose ou de la salmonellose ; seuls les examens bactériologiques permettent le diagnostic.

C’est une affection bien connue en Allemagne, Danemark, Suisse, présente aussi en Italie et en Angleterre. En France, la maladie existe mais l’évolution est telle que les différentes phases de son diagnostic sont difficiles. Le sérotype de Streptococcus pneumoniae trouvé dans cette étude est un 18, sérotype assez fréquent en médecine humaine.
Evolution de la théorie fromagère et utilisation de la glucono-delta-lactone
Authors: Labié Jacques
Published: January 2018

Le manque de connaissance concernant la formation et l’évolution de la porosité du caillé en fromagerie, explique principalement l’importance de l’empirisme dans ce secteur de l’agro-alimentaire.

De récents travaux scientifiques ont fait évoluer les conceptions technologiques : les deux types de caillé obtenu par voie enzymatique ou par voie acide ont, tout au moins au début de l’égouttage, une perméabilité très peu différente l’un de l’autre et la fabrication fromagère peut être considérée comme un phénomène d’agglomération correspondant à une synérèse, associé à un phénomène d’écoulement.

L’agglomération, qui est plus rapide s’il y a eu action de la présure, ne peut se poursuivre sans découpage du coagulum.

La glucono-delta-lactone, en libérant lentement et de manière continue de l’acide gluconique à une dose précise, permet de mieux maîtriser le pH à la coagulation et répond ainsi à un besoin de l’industrie fromagère française, par suite de modifications des caractéristiques du lait résultant de nouvelles techniques de production et de collecte. Le rendement est amélioré.
La brièveté des mots désignant les animaux familiers. Etude linguistique
Authors: Blin Pierre-Christian
Published: January 2018

Ce travail est une étude préliminaire dans 34 langues, portant sur les mots désignant les animaux familiers.

Ces mots sont très courts (moins de six lettres en moyenne).

La linguistique peut permettre de mieux connaître l'histoire des animaux domestiques, qu’il s’agisse de l’extension de l’élevage ou de la domestication.
Reproduction expérimentale de mycoplasmose à Mycoplasma gallisepticum chez le poulet, le dindonneau, la poule pondeuse et l’embryon de poule
Authors: Kempf Isabelle , Ollivier Claudine , Protais Jocelyne , Guittet Michèle , Cacou P.M. , L'Hospitalier Rollande , Bennejean Georges , Morin Yannick , Quintin E. , Lecocq L.
Published: January 2018

Experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens, turkeys, laying hens and cluck embryos.

The Mycoplasma gallisepticum R strain is serially passaged ten times through specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens in order to exacerbate its potential pathogenicity. The recovered MGR P10 strain is inoculated in SPF chickens and turkeys, commercial laying fowl and nineteen-day-old chick embryos. The inoculation induces general and respiratory symptoms in the different hosts. Mortality occurs in the chicks hatched from inoculated embryos. A drop in egg production is observed in the laying hens. The strain is also shown to be able to spread from bird to bird.
Les animaux et le droit au cours des temps
Authors: Rousseau Michel
Published: January 2018

«Le tribunal des animaux » a été une curieuse institution, et reste un point de vue à dépasser.
L'importance des modifications hématologiques de nature biochimique provoquées par l'anesthésie chez le poisson
Authors: Pérès Gabriel , Roche Hélène
Published: January 2018

Results of an experimentation using MS222 (Tricaïn Methane Sulfonate) in the case of the sea fish Dicentrarchus labrax and bibliographic data show that anaesthesia can induce more or less great modifications of the biochemical hematology in function of utilization. It may induce three kinds of consequence ; a transient alteration of the sanitary state ; an interaction with some experimental process which might be erroneous ; an eventual incidence upon animal or human consumers which justifies precautions concerning alimentary utilization.
L'avenir de l’industrie pharmaceutique vétérinaire vu par le Parlement Européen
Authors: Willemart Jean-Pierre , Egron L. , Bouffault Jean-Claude
Published: January 2018

Deux rapports et un vœu récents du P.E. semblent introduire deux faits nouveaux, en matière d'A.M.M. de produits de santé animale.

Pour certains d'entre eux, des critères nouveaux devront être satisfaits afin de permettre la constitution de dossiers complets.

A côté des trois critères classiques (qualité, sécurité, efficacité), interviendra un soi-disant «quatrième critère», qui en comportera en réalité six.

Des questions se posent sur les conséquences de ce «quatrième critère» en matière de recherche et de développement, des produits de santé animale, et en particulier de leur coût.
Modèle in vitro de production d'antigènes, appliqué aux virus de l'anémie infectieuse des équidés et de l'immunodéficience bovine
Authors: Bouillant A. M. P. , Nielsen K. , Lutze-Wallace C.
Published: January 2018

L’absence d'un modèle cellulaire adéquat restreint la production d’antigènes des virus de l’anémie infectieuse des équidés (VAIE) et de l’immunodéficience bovine (VIB). Dans une première phase, le développement du modèle implique : 1) des cellules d’une lignée continue susceptibles au virus ; 2) une infection permanente ; 3) une production continue d’antigènes en milieu sans sérum. Dans une deuxième phase, les antigènes sont produits en grande quantité et sans interruption dans un bioréacteur. La première phase a été atteinte par l’infection permanente de deux lignées canines par le VAIE et le VIB, mais n’a pas été complétée avec le VIB à cause de l’absence d’épreuves sérologiques détectant les antigènes. La deuxième phase est encore à l'étude pour les deux virus.
Assessing the impact of the Kuroshio Current on vertical cloud structure using CloudSat data
Authors: Yamauchi Akira , Kawamoto Kazuaki , Manda Atsuyoshi , Li Jiming
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study analysed CloudSat satellite data to determine how the warm ocean Kuroshio Current affects the vertical structure of clouds. Rainfall intensity around the middle troposphere (6 km in height) over the Kuroshio was greater than that over surrounding areas. The drizzle clouds over the Kuroshio have a higher frequency of occurrence of geometrically thin (0.5–3 km) clouds and thicker (7–10 km) clouds compared to those around the Kuroshio. Moreover, the frequency of occurrence of precipitating clouds with a geometric thickness of 7 to 10 km increased over the Kuroshio. Stronger updraft over the Kuroshio maintains large droplets higher in the upper part of the cloud layer, and the maximum radar reflectivity within a cloud layer in non-precipitating and drizzle clouds over the Kuroshio is higher than that around the Kuroshio.
Simulating secondary organic aerosol from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors: comparison to outdoor chamber experiments, effect of oligomerization on SOA formation and reactive uptake of aldehydes
Authors: Couvidat Florian , Vivanco Marta G. , Bessagnet Bertrand
Published: January 2018

Abstract. New parameterizations for the formation of organic aerosols have been developed. These parameterizations cover SOA formation from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, NOx dependency, oligomerization and the reactive uptake of pinonaldehyde. Those parameterizations are based on available experimental results. The effects of those parameterizations are tested against various experiments carried out in previous studies inside the outdoor chamber Euphore. Two datasets of experiments were used: the anthropogenic experiments (were SOA is formed mainly from a mixture of toluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and o-xylene) and the biogenic experiments (were SOA is formed mainly from α-pinene and limonene). SOA formation inside the chamber is simulated by using the Secondary Organic Aerosol Processor (SOAP) model to take into account the dynamic evolution of concentrations. When assuming no wall deposition of organic vapors, satisfactory results were obtained for the biogenic experiments and most of the anthropogenic experiments. However, the anthropogenic experiments seem to indicate a complex NOx dependency that could not be reproduced by the model. Oligomerization was found to have a strong effect on SOA composition and could have a strong effect on the formation of SOA. The uptake of pinonaldehyde (which is a high volatility SVOC) onto acidic aerosol was found to be too slow to occur under atmospheric conditions but less volatile or more reactive aldehydes could react in acidic aerosols indicating that the parameterization of Pun and Seigneur (2007) used in some air quality models may lead to an overestimation of SOA concentrations. However, taking into account wall deposition of organic vapors (with the parameters of Zhang et al. (2014)) leads to a strong underestimation of SOA concentrations. This feature is consistent with the fact that the SOA mechanisms are based on environmental chamber data. This underestimation could however be corrected by decreasing the volatility of SVOC by a factor 3. The effect of particle viscosity was also estimated. Low changes in concentrations were found when taking into account SOA viscosity. Taking it into account leads to a decrease of SVOC evaporation and prevents changes in concentration due to changes of temperature during the experiments.
Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations
Authors: Meyer Catrin I. , Ern Manfred , Hoffmann Lars , Trinh Quang Thai , Alexander M. Joan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We investigate stratospheric gravity wave observations by the
Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite and
the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) aboard NASA's
Aura satellite. AIRS operational temperature retrievals are
typically not used for studies of gravity waves, because their vertical and
horizontal resolution is rather limited. This study uses data of a
high-resolution retrieval which provides stratospheric temperature
profiles for each individual satellite footprint. Therefore the
horizontal sampling of the high-resolution retrieval is 9 times
better than that of the operational retrieval. HIRDLS provides 2-D
spectral information of observed gravity waves in terms of
along-track and vertical wavelengths. AIRS as a nadir sounder is
more sensitive to short-horizontal-wavelength gravity waves, and
HIRDLS as a limb sounder is more sensitive to short-vertical-wavelength
gravity waves. Therefore HIRDLS is ideally suited to
complement AIRS observations. A calculated momentum flux factor
indicates that the waves seen by AIRS contribute significantly to
momentum flux, even if the AIRS temperature variance may be small
compared to HIRDLS. The stratospheric wave structures observed by
AIRS and HIRDLS often agree very well. Case studies of a mountain
wave event and a non-orographic wave event demonstrate that the
observed phase structures of AIRS and HIRDLS are also similar. AIRS has a
coarser vertical resolution, which results in an attenuation of the
amplitude and coarser vertical wavelengths than for
HIRDLS. However, AIRS has a much higher horizontal resolution, and
the propagation direction of the waves can be clearly identified in
geographical maps. The horizontal orientation of the phase fronts
can be deduced from AIRS 3-D temperature fields. This is a
restricting factor for gravity wave analyses of limb
measurements. Additionally, temperature variances with respect to
stratospheric gravity wave activity are compared on a statistical
basis. The complete HIRDLS measurement period from January 2005 to
March 2008 is covered. The seasonal and latitudinal distributions of
gravity wave activity as observed by AIRS and HIRDLS agree well. A
strong annual cycle at mid- and high latitudes is found in time
series of gravity wave variances at 42 km, which has its maxima during
wintertime and its minima during summertime. The variability is largest during
austral wintertime at 60∘ S. Variations in the zonal winds at 2.5 hPa are associated
with large variability in gravity wave variances. Altogether,
gravity wave variances of AIRS and HIRDLS are complementary to each other. Large parts of the gravity wave
spectrum are covered by joint observations. This opens up
fascinating vistas for future gravity wave research.
On deeper human dimensions in Earth system analysis and modelling
Authors: Gerten Dieter , Schönfeld Martin , Schauberger Bernhard
Published: January 2018

Abstract. While humanity is altering planet Earth at unprecedented magnitude and speed, representation of the cultural driving factors and their dynamics in models of the Earth system is limited. In this review and perspectives paper, we argue that more or less distinct environmental value sets can be assigned to religion – a deeply embedded feature of human cultures, here defined as collectively shared belief in something sacred. This assertion renders religious theories, practices and actors suitable for studying cultural facets of anthropogenic Earth system change, especially regarding deeper, non-materialistic motivations that ask about humans' self-understanding in the Anthropocene epoch. We sketch a modelling landscape and outline some research primers, encompassing the following elements: (i) extensions of existing Earth system models by quantitative relationships between religious practices and biophysical processes, building on databases that allow for (mathematical) formalisation of such knowledge, (ii) design of new model types that specifically represent religious morals, actors and activities as part of coevolutionary human-environment dynamics, and (iii) identification of research questions of humanitarian relevance that are underrepresented in purely economic-technocratic modelling and scenario paradigms. While this analysis is by necessity heuristic and semi-cohesive, we hope that it will act as a stimulus for further, interdisciplinary and systematic research on the immaterial dimension of humanity's imprint on the Earth system, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
An adaptive two-stage analog/regression model for probabilistic prediction of small-scale precipitation in France
Authors: Chardon Jérémy , Hingray Benoit , Favre Anne-Catherine
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Statistical downscaling models (SDMs) are often used to produce local weather scenarios from large-scale atmospheric information. SDMs include transfer functions which are based on a statistical link identified from observations between local weather and a set of large-scale predictors. As physical processes driving surface weather vary in time, the most relevant predictors and the regression link are likely to vary in time too. This is well known for precipitation for instance and the link is thus often estimated after some seasonal stratification of the data. In this study, we present a two-stage analog/regression model where the regression link is estimated from atmospheric analogs of the current prediction day. Atmospheric analogs are identified from fields of geopotential heights at 1000 and 500 hPa. For the regression stage, two generalized linear models are further used to model the probability of precipitation occurrence and the distribution of non-zero precipitation amounts, respectively. The two-stage model is evaluated for the probabilistic prediction of small-scale precipitation over France. It noticeably improves the skill of the prediction for both precipitation occurrence and amount. As the analog days vary from one prediction day to another, the atmospheric predictors selected in the regression stage and the value of the corresponding regression coefficients can vary from one prediction day to another. The model allows thus for a day-to-day adaptive and tailored downscaling. It can also reveal specific predictors for peculiar and non-frequent weather configurations.
Understanding cancer survivors’ information needs and information-seeking behaviors for complementary and alternative medicine from short- to long-term survival: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Scarton Lou Ann , Del Fiol Guilherme , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Gibson Bryan , Logan Robert , Workman T Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

Objective: The research examined complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information-seeking behaviors and preferences from short- to long-term cancer survival, including goals, motivations, and information sources.Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used with cancer survivors from the “Assessment of Patients’ Experience with Cancer Care” 2004 cohort. Data collection included a mail survey and phone interviews using the critical incident technique (CIT).Results: Seventy survivors from the 2004 study responded to the survey, and eight participated in the CIT interviews. Quantitative results showed that CAM usage did not change significantly between 2004 and 2015. The following themes emerged from the CIT: families’ and friends’ provision of the initial introduction to a CAM, use of CAM to manage the emotional and psychological impact of cancer, utilization of trained CAM practitioners, and online resources as a prominent source for CAM information. The majority of participants expressed an interest in an online information-sharing portal for CAM.Conclusion: Patients continue to use CAM well into long-term cancer survivorship. Finding trustworthy sources for information on CAM presents many challenges such as reliability of source, conflicting information on efficacy, and unknown interactions with conventional medications. Study participants expressed interest in an online portal to meet these needs through patient testimonials and linkage of claims to the scientific literature. Such a portal could also aid medical librarians and clinicians in locating and evaluating CAM information on behalf of patients.
Being Evidence Based in Library and Information Practice
Authors: Joseph Claire B.
Published: January 2018

In this work, Koufogiannakis and Brettle bring together “recent theory, research and case studies from practice environments across the broad field of librarianship to illustrate how librarians can incorporate the principles of evidence-based library and information practice (EBLIP) into their work”
Política institucional en la UNAN-Managua para la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático
Authors: Moreno Delia
Published: January 2018

El Cambio Climático es una de las problemáticas que enfrenta Nicaragua, cuya política de atención está sustentada en la Estrategia Nacional de adaptación al cambio climático 2010-2015 y retomada en el artículo 60 de la Constitución Política del país, referida en el artículo 60 de la misma, y el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano. Ambas coinciden que la deforestación de grandes extensiones del territorio, ha provocado la erosión del suelo y el aumento de zonas secas poniendo en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria de la población, la economía, el comercio y la biodiversidad. Este artículo es una reflexión sobre el rol social de la universidad en la formación de los profesionales con una amplia visión y sensibilización para la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático, papel que puede ser fortalecido y de impacto a través del establecimiento de una política institucional en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, como instrumento que facilite un accionar integral, tomando en cuenta los recursos potenciales de todos los actores que convergen en esta alma mater, que de manera articulada permitan la coordinación y disminución de los impactos adversos del cambio climático, y ofrecer un marco de acciones que contribuyan a incrementar la resiliencia ambiental.
Factores subjetivos y objetivos incidentes en el rendimiento académico en la carrera Banca y Finanzas, FAREM-Carazo, UNAN-Managua
Authors: Guido Chávez José Daniel
Published: January 2018

El “Rendimiento Académico Estudiantil” es uno de los desafíos más grandes que enfrenta toda institución educativa superior para determinar la calidad de enseñanza que administra dentro del sistema educativo y uno de los mecanismos utilizados para medirla. Otra de las interrogantes que se perfila en el sistema educativo es ¿la evaluación del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes que realiza la institución educativa superior está considerando cada uno de los factores que se asocian a él? El conjunto de factores subjetivos y objetivos que tienen incidencia en este parámetro y la amplitud de su aplicación hacen que su valoración sea compleja.Mediante la aplicación de las técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos – encuestas, entrevistas, grupo focal a estudiantes – y ser procesados según la naturaleza de cada variable sujeta a estudio, se identifican los factores con mayor incidencia en el rendimiento académico.