bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Pre- and Co-Seismic Ionospheric Effects from the 6 February 2023 M7.8 Turkey Earthquake by a Doppler Ionosonde
Authors: Salikhov Nazyf , Shepetov Alexander , Pak Galina , Nurakynov Serik , Kaldybayev Azamat , Ryabov Vladimir , Zhukov Valery
Published: September 2023

During the catastrophic M7.8 earthquake in Turkey on 6 February 2023, anomalous effects were revealed in the ionosphere associated with various propagation mechanisms of seismogenic disturbance from the lithosphere up to the height of the ionosphere. Seventeen minutes after the main shock, a co-seismic disturbance was detected by a Doppler ionosonde on an inclined, 3010 km long, two-hop radio path “Kuwait—Institute of Ionosphere (Almaty)”. An appearance of acoustic waves at the height of 232 km in the ionosphere was fixed 568 s after arrival of the surface Rayleigh wave to the sub-ionospheric point, and such a delay agrees with the calculated propagation time of a vertically moving acoustic wave. The disturbance lasted 160 s, and its double amplitude was above 2 Hz, which noticeably exceeds the background fluctuation of Doppler frequency. The best coincidence between the waveforms of the Doppler signal and of the surface seismic wave was observed over the duration of the two leading periods, with correlation coefficients of 0.86 and 0.79, correspondingly. Pre-seismic effects in the ionosphere were revealed 8 days before the main shock both in the variations of the Doppler frequency and of the critical frequency f0F2. The probable origination mechanism of the pre-seismic ionospheric disturbances above the region of the earthquake preparation determined by the Dobrovolsky radius may be considered in accordance with the concept of lithospheric–atmospheric–ionospheric coupling.
Near-Road Traffic Emission Dispersion Model: Traffic-Induced Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) Measurement
Authors: Hu Zhice , Noll Kenneth E.
Published: September 2023

This article delineates the characterization of traffic-induced turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in areas proximate to roadways using real-world traffic conditions. Traffic-induced TKE serves as a pivotal tool to refine the parameters of eddy diffusivity within air dispersion modeling, thereby facilitating a more accurate representation of near-road model-estimated traffic emission with TKE-related traffic conditions. Six hundred observations facilitated the detailed TKE characterization, which incorporated a comprehensive assessment of wind speed and traffic conditions, including parameters such as vehicle flow rate, speed, and classifications into categories such as heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) and light-duty vehicles (LDVs). Five-minute measurement intervals were utilized to pinpoint the substantial variations in TKE generated through traffic flow, particularly highlighting the more chaotic yet swiftly dissipating energy contributions from HDVs. Monitoring was conducted on two urban freeways characterized by markedly different traffic compositions (quantified with HDV%) and distinct road configurations. The TKE derived from traffic over five-minute intervals is correlated with concurrently measured variables such as vehicle flow, speed, and traffic types. The ensemble mean method was utilized to delineate the characteristics of traffic-induced TKE during both steady- and unsteady-state traffic flows, with a focus on traffic density as a key parameter. The results reveal different trends in the behavior of traffic induced TKE. The substantial impact of HDV-induced TKE was quantified using a comparative analysis of normalized traffic-induced TKEs between HDVs and LDVs. This analysis demonstrates that the influence exerted by a single HDV is approximately eleven times that of a single LDV in close proximity to road locations. Within the traffic fleet, HDVs constitute only a minor fraction, typically amounting to 1 to 10% of the total vehicle flow rate. However, their considerable impact and positive correlation with traffic induced TKE was evaluated using a detailed analysis of LDV flow subdivisions.
Recent Advances of Single-Atom Metal Supported at Two-Dimensional MoS2 for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Gan Xiaorong , Zhu Tianhao , Ao Yanhui , Wang Peifang
Published: September 2023

Due to increasing concerns about global warming and energy crisis, intensive efforts have been made to explore renewable and clean energy sources. Single-atom metals and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in the fields of energy and environment because of their unique electronic structures and excellent properties. In this review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the single-atom metal supported at 2D MoS2 (single-atom metal/2D MoS2) for electrochemical CO2 reduction and water splitting. First, we introduce the advantages of single-atom metal/2D MoS2 catalysts in the fields of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and water splitting, followed by the strategies for improving electrocatalytic performances of single-atom metal/2D MoS2 hybrid nanomaterials and the typical preparation methods. Furthermore, we discuss the important applications of the nanocomposites in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and water splitting via some typical examples, particularly focusing on their synthesis routes, modification approaches, and physiochemical mechanisms for improving their electrocatalytic performances. Finally, our perspectives on the key challenges and future directions of exploring high-performance metal single-atom catalysts are presented based on recent achievements in the development of single-atom metal/2D MoS2 hybrid nanomaterials.
Fluorescent Materials with Excellent Biocompatibility and Their Application in Bio-Sensing, Bio-Imaging
Authors: Zheng Meng , Wang Yalong , Zhang Deteng , Zhu Mingqiang
Published: September 2023

Fluorescent materials have great potential for use in biomedical applications due to their ease of functionalization and tunable fluorescence color [...]
Microstructural Changes in the Spinothalamic Tract of CPSS Patients: Preliminary Results from a Single-Center Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Witkam Richard L. , Burmeister Lara S. , Van Goethem Johan W. M. , van der Kolk Anja G. , Vissers Kris C. P. , Henssen Dylan J. H. A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Chronic pain after spinal surgery (CPSS), formerly known as failed back surgery syndrome, encompasses a variety of highly incapacitating chronic pain syndromes emerging after spinal surgery. The intractability of CPSS makes objective parameters that could aid classification and treatment essential. In this study, we investigated the use of cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Cerebral 3T diffusion-weighted (DW-) MRI data from adult CPSS patients were assessed and compared with those of healthy controls matched by age and gender. Only imaging data without relevant artefacts or significant pathologies were included. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated from the b0 and b1000 values using nonlinear regression. After skull stripping and affine registration of all imaging data, ADC values for fifteen anatomical regions were calculated and analyzed with independent samples T-tests. Results: A total of 32 subjects were included (sixteen CPSS patients and sixteen controls). The mean ADC value of the spinothalamic tract was found to be significantly higher in CPSS patients compared with in healthy controls (p = 0.013). The other anatomical regions did not show statistically different ADC values between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients suffering from CPSS are subject to microstructural changes, predominantly within the cerebral spinothalamic tract. Additional research could possibly lead to imaging biomarkers derived from ADC values in CPSS patients.
Individual and Combined Effect of MAO-A/MAO-B Gene Variants and Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Toledo-Lozano Christian Gabriel , López-Hernández Luz Berenice , Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio , Villalobos-Gallegos Luis , Jiménez-Hernández Dulce Adeí , Alcaraz-Estrada Sofía Lizeth , Mondragón-Terán Paul , Joya-Laureano Lilia , Coral-Vázquez Ramón Mauricio , García Silvia
Published: September 2023

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder with a high prevalence worldwide that causes disability and, in some cases, suicide. Although environmental factors play a crucial role in this disease, other biological factors may predispose individuals to MDD. Genetic and environmental factors influence mental disorders; therefore, a potential combined effect of MAO-A/MAO-B gene variants may be a target for the study of susceptibility to MDD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MAO-A and -B gene variants when combined with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the susceptibility and severity of symptoms in MDD. Methods: A case-control study was performed, including 345 individuals, 175 MDD cases and 170 controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with hydrolysis probes. The analysis of the rs1465107 and rs1799836 gene variants of MAO-A and -B, respectively, was performed either alone or in combination with ACEs on the severity of depression, as determined through specific questionnaires, including DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD. Results: According to individual effects, the presence of ACEs, as well as the allele G of the rs1465107 of MAO-A, is associated with a higher severity of depression, more significantly in females. Furthermore, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was associated with the severity of depression, even after being adjusted by gene variants and ACEs (IRR = 1.67, p = 0.01). In males, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was shown to interact with SNP with ACEs (IRR = 1.70, p < 0.001). According to combined effect analyses, the severity of depression was associated with ACEs when combined with either allele rs1465107 of MAO-A or allele rs17993836 of MAO-B, whereas SNP risk association was influenced by gender. Conclusions: The severity of depression is related to either individual or combined effects of temperamental traits and genetic susceptibility of specific genes such as MAO-A and MAO-B.
Web-Crippling Capacity of High Performance Cold-Formed Lipped Steel Sections Subjected to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Jayakumar Gunasekaran , Kiran Tattukolla , Nammalvar Anand , Prasad Sah Tilak , Mathews Mervin Ealiyas , Anbarasu M. , Dar A. R.
Published: September 2023

High-performance steel has emerged as an advanced structural material in the construction practice of industrial buildings, due to its excellent properties. However, fire poses a significant threat to cold-formed steel structures, as they are prone to deform and buckle under the exposure, potentially leading to building collapse. This study aimed to evaluate the post-fire web-crippling behaviour of high performance CFS sections for End Two Flange (ETF) and Interior Two Flange (ITF) load cases. Two types of specimens were used: CFS webs without holes and CFS webs with circular holes. All test specimens were heated according to the ISO 834 standard fire curve and were subsequently cooled by air or water. A total of 52 specimens (ambient and post-fire) were tested under ETF and ITF load conditions. The load-deflection behaviour and failure modes were evaluated through experimental and numerical analysis. Finite element modelling was used to compare the load-deflection behaviour and failure modes of CFS members with experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the web load-carrying capacity of the high-performance steel member decreases drastically as the heating duration increases. Furthermore, the ITF load case specimens exhibited a lower strength loss than the ETF load case specimens at elevated temperatures. There was an excellent agreement between the experimental and FEM results in terms of the load-carrying capacity and failure modes of high performance CFS.
Complications of Central Venous Access Devices Used in Palliative Care Settings for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Clement Chun-Him , Choi Horace Cheuk-Wai , Lee Victor Ho-Fun
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Central venous access devices (CVADs) have been commonly employed during various courses of anticancer treatment. Currently, there are a few types of clinically available CVADs, which are associated with short-term and long-term complications. However, little is known about the complication rates when CVADs are used only in palliative care settings. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the published literature to evaluate the complication rates of CVADs in this clinical setting. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and trial registries. Publications reporting the complication rates of PICCs, central lines, and PORTs in palliative settings for terminally ill cancer patients were included, while those on the use of systemic anticancer therapy and peripheral venous catheters were excluded. The outcome measures included overall complication rate, rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and rate of thromboembolism (TE). This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023404489). (3) Results: Five publications with 327 patients were analyzed, including four studies on PICCs and one study on central lines. No studies on PORTs were eligible for analysis. The overall complication rate for PICCs (pooled estimate 7.02%, 95% CI 0.27–19.10) was higher than that for central lines (1.44%, 95% CI 0.30–4.14, p = 0.002). The risk of CRBSI with PICCs (2.03%, 95% CI 0.00–9.62) was also higher than that with central lines (0.96%, 95% CI 0.12–3.41, p = 0.046). PICCs also had a trend of a higher risk of TE (2.10%, 95% CI 0.00–12.22) compared to central lines (0.48%, 95% CI 0.01–2.64, p = 0.061). (4) Conclusions: PICCs for palliative cancer care were found to have greater complications than central lines. This might aid in the formulation of future recommendation guidelines on the choice of CVAD in this setting.
Genome-Wide Characterization of TAZ Binding Sites in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhou Jiaojiao , Chen Yanmin , Fang Jia , Liu Song , Frangou Costa , Wang Hai , Zhang Jianmin
Published: September 2023

The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) is a key effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. We and others previously reported that high expression levels of TAZ are positively associated with decreased survival rates and shorter times to relapse in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) patients. The oncogenic activity of TAZ involves the regulation of diverse signal transduction pathways that direct processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis, albeit through poorly characterized gene expression programs. Here, using a tet-inducible system in mammary epithelial MCF10A cells, we have characterized the TAZ-regulated transcription program using RNA sequencing in a temporal and spatial manner. We further identified global TAZ binding sites at different TAZ activation time points by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analysis. We found that the vast majority of TAZ was rapidly localized in enhancer regions at the early TAZ activation time point and then gradually spread to promoter regions. TAZ bound to enhancer regions following a switch in potential TEAD and FOSL2 transcription factor motifs. Furthermore, the ATAC sequencing analysis indicated that TAZ activation led to chromatin structural alterations. Together, our results have revealed the landscape of genome-wide TAZ binding sites and may lead to improvements in the current understanding of how TAZ regulates the gene expression program that contributes to the development of breast cancer.
Assessment of Narrow Band Imaging Algorithm for Video Capsule Endoscopy Based on Decorrelated Color Space for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yang Kai-Yao , Fang Yu-Jen , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Tsao Yu-Ming , Huang Chien-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: September 2023

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is increasingly used to decrease discomfort among patients owing to its small size. However, VCE has a major drawback of not having narrow band imaging (NBI) functionality. The current VCE has the traditional white light imaging (WLI) only, which has poor performance in the computer-aided detection (CAD) of different types of cancer compared to NBI. Specific cancers, such as esophageal cancer (EC), do not exhibit any early biomarkers, making their early detection difficult. In most cases, the symptoms are unnoticeable, and EC is diagnosed only in later stages, making its 5-year survival rate below 20% on average. NBI filters provide particular wavelengths that increase the contrast and enhance certain features of the mucosa, thereby enabling early identification of EC. However, VCE does not have a slot for NBI functionality because its size cannot be increased. Hence, NBI image conversion from WLI can presently only be achieved in post-processing. In this study, a complete arithmetic assessment of the decorrelated color space was conducted to generate NBI images from WLI images for VCE of the esophagus. Three parameters, structural similarity index metric (SSIM), entropy, and peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), were used to assess the simulated NBI images. Results show the good performance of the NBI image reproduction method with SSIM, entropy difference, and PSNR values of 93.215%, 4.360, and 28.064 dB, respectively.
Untailored vs. Gender- and Body-Mass-Index-Tailored Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI) to Assess Sarcopenia in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Morelli Cristina , Formica Vincenzo , Bossi Paolo , Rofei Michela , Guerriero Simona , Riondino Silvia , Argirò Renato , Pucci Noemi , Cenci Tonia , Savino Luca , Rinaldi Carla G. , Garaci Francesco , Orlandi Augusto , D’Angelillo Rolando M. , Arkenau Hendrik-Tobias , Roselli Mario
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Sarcopenia lasting >1 year might be considered a chronic condition in many HNSCC patients. CT-scan-derived Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI) is an established surrogate of sarcopenia; yet, the cut-off reported in the literature (literature-based, lb-SMI < 43.2) is mainly based on the risk of chemoradiotherapy-induced toxicity, and the optimal value to discriminate OS is under-investigated. (2) Methods: The effect on OS of the lb-SMI cutoff was compared with an untailored OS-oriented SMI cutoff obtained in a cohort of consecutive advanced HNSCC patients treated with primary chemoradiotherapy, bio-chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy (cohort-specific, cs-SMI cutoff). Gender- and BMI-tailored (gt-SMI and bt-SMI) cut-offs were also evaluated. Cutoff values were identified by using the maximally selected rank statistics for OS. (3) Results: In 115 HNSCC patients, the cs-SMI cutoff was 31.50, which was lower compared to the lb-SMI reported cut-off. The optimal cut-off separately determined in females, males, overweight and non-overweight patients were 46.02, 34.37, 27.32 and 34.73, respectively. gt-SMI categorization had the highest effect on survival (p < 0.0001); its prognostic value was independent of the treatment setting or the primary location and was retained in a multivariate cox-regression analysis for OS including other HNSCC-specific prognostic factors (p = 0.0004). (4) Conclusions: A tailored SMI assessment would improve clinical management of sarcopenia in chemoradiotherapy-, bio-chemotherapy- or chemo-immunotherapy-treated HNSCC patients. Gender-based SMI could be used for prognostication in HNSCC patients.
The Effects of Different Types of Sleep Disorder on Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chiang Po-Lin , Hao Wen-Rui , Hong Hong-Jye , Chen Chun-Chao , Chiu Chun-Chih , Fang Yu-Ann , Yang Tsung-Lin , Lai Yu-Hsin , Chen Ming-Yao , Hsu Min-Huei , Chiou Kuan-Rau , Lin Kuan-Jie , Yang Tsung-Yeh , Hsiu Hsin , Liu Ju-Chi
Published: September 2023

The impact of sleep disorders (SDs), particularly sleep apnea (SA), on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the subject of significant research. However, the potential contribution of other SDs to the incidence of CRC remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of SDs on the risk of developing CRC. This study assessed CRC risk among individuals diagnosed with SDs compared with age- and sex-matched unaffected individuals. A longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) encompassing 177,707 individuals diagnosed with SDs and 177,707 matched controls. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relative increased risk of CRC in individuals with SDs and specific subgroups of SDs. The CRC incidences were 1.32-fold higher (95% CI 1.23–1.42) in the overall SD cohort, 1.17-fold higher (95% CI 0.82–1.68) in the SA cohort, 1.42-fold higher (95% CI 1.31–1.55) in the insomnia cohort, 1.27-fold higher (95% CI 1.17–1.38) in the sleep disturbance cohort, and 1.00-fold higher (95% CI 0.77–1.29) in the other SD cohort, after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities.
Exposure to Cumulus Cell Secretome Improves Sperm Function: New Perspectives for Sperm Selection In Vitro
Authors: Luongo Francesca Paola , Perez Casasus Silvia , Haxhiu Alesandro , Barbarulo Fabio , Scarcella Marta , Governini Laura , Piomboni Paola , Scarica Catello , Luddi Alice
Published: September 2023

In the literature, there is a well-known correlation between poor semen quality and DNA sperm integrity, which can turn into negative outcomes in terms of embryo development and clinical pregnancy. Sperm selection plays a pivotal role in clinical practice, and the most widely used methods are mainly based on sperm motility and morphology. The cumulus oophorus complex (COC) during natural fertilization represents a barrier that spermatozoa must overcome to reach the zona pellucida and fertilize the oocyte. Spermatozoa that can pass through the COC have better structural and metabolic characteristics as well as enhanced acrosome reaction (AR). The present study aimed to evaluate the exposure of sperm to cumulus cell secretome during swim-up treatment (SUC) compared with the routinely used swim-up method (SU). To determine the effectiveness of this method, biological factors critical for the ability of sperm to fertilize an oocyte, including capacitation, AR, tyrosine phosphorylation signature, DNA integrity, and mitochondrial functionality, were assessed. The SUC selection assures recovery of high-quality spermatozoa, with enhanced mitochondrial functionality and motility compared with both SU-selected and unselected (U) sperm. Furthermore, using this modified swim-up procedure, significantly reduced sperm DNA damage (p < 0.05) was detected. In conclusion, the SUC approach is a more physiological and integrated method for sperm selection that deserves further investigation for its translation into clinical practice.
Planet.Health: An Ecosystem Approach to Imagine and Coordinate for Planetary Health Futures
Authors: Shannon Geordan , Faddoul Alix , Lai Alexander , Lai Tony , Lauer Jeremy , Rajagopalan Srivatsan , Issa Rita
Published: September 2023

Planet.Health addresses imagination and coordination challenges for planetary health through innovative approaches to social organising. This report presents the findings from the inaugural Planet.Health event in 2022, including the Planet.Health unconference. An unconference is a participant-driven event format that provides flexibility for emergent ideas and connections. In this (un)conference report, we share the challenges, achievements, and lessons learned during the initial year of activities in the leadup to and following the Planet.Health unconference event. We also discuss how the intersection of web3 and planetary health—a major focus of the first year—provides an alternative lens for envisioning, innovating, and coordinating beyond conventional social and institutional frameworks. We explore the potential impact of web3 technologies and decentralised social, economic, and financial networks and highlight the implications of these approaches for addressing planetary crises and supporting a flourishing human–environment relationship. As a new contribution to the planetary health field, this work emphasises the importance of building decentralised systems to foster creative actions and inspire global engagement for planetary wellbeing. The report concludes with some practical insights on how we begin to build and sustain decentralised social networks, including a discussion of the benefits and limitations of these approaches.
Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V and Si(100) Surfaces by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Kylychbekov Salizhan , Allamyradov Yaran , Khuzhakulov Zikrulloh , Majidov Inomjon , Banga Simran , ben Yosef Justice , Duta Liviu , Er Ali Oguz
Published: September 2023

In this study, the effects of substrate temperature and ablation wavelength/mechanism on the structural, mechanical, and bioactivity properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were investigated. HA coatings were deposited on both Si(100) and Ti6Al4V surfaces. Substrate temperature varied from room temperature to 800 °C. Depositions were performed in Ar/H2O and vacuum environments. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques were used to analyze structural and morphological variations. The adherence of coatings to the substrates was assessed by the pull-out method. The obtained data indicated that with the temperature increase, the coatings steadily crystallized. However, temperatures above 700 °C adversely affected protein adsorption and adhesion properties. Similar trends were confirmed via pull-out testing, protein adsorption, and cell proliferation tests. The ablation mechanism was also proven to play an important role in the deposition process. Overall, this study provides further evidence that crystallinity is a vital factor in the functionality of the coatings and depends on the deposition conditions. However, all measurements directly indicated that beyond 700 °C, the morpho-structural, mechanical, and bioactivity properties degrade.
An Effectiveness Analysis for the Multi-Factor Accelerated Test of a Copper-Free Self-Polishing Antifouling Coating
Authors: Chang Meng , Jia Junwei , Huang Congshu , Zhang Shaonan , Tang Lirong , Jiang Lingling , Ma Haoyuan , Lang Hao , Wang Qingqing , Yan Jiashuo
Published: September 2023

In order to eliminate or slow down the corrosion of various marine facilities, it has become a necessary choice to develop and use effective antifouling coatings for the development of marine equipment. This paper takes the newly developed copper-free, self-polishing, antifouling coating (CSAFC) as its research object, studies the performance changes in the exudation rate, adhesion, and abrasion rate by conducting a multi-factor accelerated test (MFAT) in the laboratory and a real sea test (RST), analyzes the correlation and acceleration multiplier in the two test environments, and provides a reference for the research on the relevant performance of this material. Firstly, it introduces the importance of antifouling coatings for modern maritime business, the importance of conducting accelerated tests in the laboratory, and explains the current test methods; secondly, it analyzes and fits the performance changes in materials such as the exudation rate, adhesion, and abrasion rate in different environments, and determines the main failure factors; finally, the correlation and acceleration multiplier are calculated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient method (SRCCM) and acceleration factor method (AFM). The result shows that this MFAT has a good correlation and acceleration effect relative to the RST.
Pore-Scale Investigation of Mass Transport in Compressed Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Hao , Yang Guogang , Li Shian , Shen Qiuwan , Su Fengmin , Zhang Guoling , Li Zheng , Jiang Ziheng , Liao Jiadong , Sun Juncai
Published: September 2023

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered a promising energy source in the field of transport and distributed power generation. Fundamental research into their key components is needed to improve PEMFC performance and accelerate commercialization. Binder addition and compression induced by assembly pressure can significantly change the microstructure of the gas diffusion layer and affect mass transport. A two-dimensional multicomponent lattice Boltzmann (LB) model considering the cathode electrochemical reaction was developed, and a GDL was reconstructed numerically and considering a binder structure. The effects of the binder and compression on mass transport and electrochemical performance within the GDL were investigated. The results showed that an increase in binder volume fraction led to more chain-like structures and closed pores that were unfavorable for mass transport. Compression increased the mass transfer resistance of the GDL in the region under the rib, leading to a decrease in oxygen concentration and local current density.
Prognostic Role of KRAS G12C Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wankhede Durgesh , Bontoux Christophe , Grover Sandeep , Hofman Paul
Published: September 2023

KRAS G12C mutation (mKRAS G12C) is the most frequent KRAS point mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been proven to be a predictive biomarker for direct KRAS G12C inhibitors in advanced solid cancers. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of mKRAS G12C in patients with NSCLC using the meta-analytic approach. A protocol is registered at the International Prospective Register for systematic reviews (CRD42022345868). PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov.in were searched for prospective or retrospective studies reporting survival data for tumors with mKRAS G12C compared with either other KRAS mutations or wild-type KRAS (KRAS-WT). The hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) or Disease-free survival (DFS) of tumors were pooled according to fixed or random-effects models. Sixteen studies enrolling 10,153 participants were included in the final analysis. mKRAS G12C tumors had poor OS [HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10–1.84, p = 0.007] but similar DFS [HR 2.36, 95% CI 0.64–8.16] compared to KRAS-WT tumors. Compared to other KRAS mutations, mKRAS G12C tumors had poor DFS [HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07–2.09, p < 0.0001] but similar OS [HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.84–1.26]. Compared to other KRAS mutations, high PD-L1 expression (>50%) [OR 1.37 95% CI 1.11–1.70, p = 0.004] was associated with mKRAS G12C tumors. mKRAS G12C is a promising prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC, negatively impacting survival. Prevailing significant heterogeneity and selection bias might reduce the validity of these findings. Concomitant high PD-L1 expression in these tumors opens doors for exciting therapeutic potential.
Evaluation of Optic Disc, Retinal Vascular Structures, and Acircularity Index in Patients with Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
Authors: Erol Muhammet Kazim , Gedik Birumut , Bozdogan Yigit Caglar , Ekinci Rojbin , Bulut Mehmet , Dogan Berna , Suren Elcin , Akidan Melih
Published: September 2023

Background: We aimed to compare the retinal, optic disc vascular density (ODVD) values, and acircularity index (AI) of patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (IMT) and healthy individuals using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) device. Methods: The study included 39 patients with IMT and 37 healthy controls. The OCTA findings of the patients and controls were examined. Results: The total, parafoveal and perifoveal vascular density of the superficial capillary plexus, choriocapillaris blood flow, inside-disc ODVD, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and retinal thicknesses were found to be statistically significantly lower, and the foveal avascular zone value was statistically significantly higher in the IMT group compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.009, p = 0.002, p = 0.02, respectively). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and AI (p = 0.02), and a statistically significant positive correlation between peripapillary vascular density and BCVA (p = 0.04). Conclusions: We consider that the lower retinal, choriocapillaris, ODVD values, and retinal and RNFL thicknesses in the patients with IMT compared to the controls were due to vascular damage, remodeling, fibrosis, proliferation, and Müller cell damage. Ellipsoid zone defect, AI, and peripapillary vascular density are important indicators in the evaluation of visual acuity in these patients.
A Case of Broken Local Anesthetic Needle in the Pterygomandibular Space; Diagnostic Approaches and Surgical Management
Authors: Malkawi Ziad , Alayeh Alaa , Alshawa Abedalaziz , Shaban Ola , Al Saraireh Omar , Malkawi Hashem , Babkair Hamzah , Abdouh Ismail , Dar-Odeh Najla
Published: September 2023

Needle fracture during dental local anesthetic injections is a rare but significant, potentially serious complication. Various approaches for the location and removal of broken needles have been described; however, there are several difficulties and concerns related to the potential complications and critical anatomic challenges peculiar to the head and neck region. In this case, we describe the diagnostic approaches utilized in locating a broken needle that migrated in the pterygomandibular space following gag reflex, and sudden head movement of a middle-aged male patient. A meticulous diagnostic approach was employed to locate the needle utilizing CBCT scan, CT scan with contrast, and C-arm X-ray machine. The needle was successfully retrieved using an angled hemostat inserted through an oral incision, guided by a C-arm X-ray machine and ENT endoscopic instruments. While careful planning could prevent many complications that may arise during oral surgical procedures, inadvertent events leading to serious complications should be addressed using the appropriate and timely diagnostic techniques pre-and intra-operatively.
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus and Smoking on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Pasarin Liliana , Martu Maria-Alexandra , Ciurcanu Oana Elena , Luca Elena Odette , Salceanu Mihaela , Anton Diana , Martu Cristian , Martu Silvia , Esanu Irina Mihaela
Published: September 2023

Smoking and diabetes mellitus have been recognized as significant modifying factors of the evolution of periodontitis, being considered at the moment as descriptive factors in the periodontitis grading system. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequence of smoking, type 2 diabetes, and the combination of these two factors on clinical periodontal parameters, on the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and also on ratios of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using a commercially available kit-based multiplex fluorescent immunoassay. The study was carried out on 124 volunteers (control (C) group = 29, diabetes mellitus (DM) group = 32, smoking (S) group = 31, and S + DM group = 32). Total mean bleeding on probing was significantly lower in the S and S + DM groups, compared to that of the other groups (p < 0.05). Total amounts of TGF-β, MIP-1α, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-17 were significantly increased in the periodontally healthy sites of diabetes patients (p < 0.05), compared to those of the controls. Systemically healthy smoking patients had higher values of GM-CSF, TGF-β, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-7, while diabetic smoking patients showed higher values of IL-4, TGF-β, and MIP-1α. In smoking and systemically healthy patients, IL-23, IL-7, and IL-12 showed increased concentrations, while concentrations of TGF-β, MIP-1α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 were higher in smoking DM patients. In conclusion, in our study, diabetes mellitus induced a general pro-inflammatory state, while smoking mainly stimulated immunosuppression in the periodontal tissues of periodontitis subjects.
Technology-Enabled Visualization of Team Typologies at a Multi-Institutional IPE Event
Authors: Brahler Claudia Jayne , Donahoe-Fillmore Betsy
Published: September 2023

Background: Preventable medical errors caused by ineffective teamwork are substantial contributors in the majority of patient harm events. Nonetheless, the interprofessional education (IPE) research to date has not reported on within-group interactions and discourse to determine if students in IPE teams are practicing effective teamwork at IPE events. Purpose: The overall objective of this mixed methods study was to develop IPE team typologies based on a multi-institutional IPE event in order to characterize and provide actionable knowledge for improving IPE teamwork. Methods: A total of 127 students and 18 faculty, representing eight pre-professional programs and three universities, participated in this study. The IPE teams were videotaped during their case-solving work. These recorded sessions were analyzed using a mixed methods design that included event-based scoring for cognitive level and team behaviors and development of IPE team typologies using a constant comparative analysis (open, axial, and selective coding) of 14 IPE teams during the process of developing care plans for novel patient cases. Team typologies were cross-validated with the current literature. Discussion: Four IPE team typologies emerged: Facilitated, Cohesion, Consensual Validation, and Silo Mentality (listed in rank order from most to least effective). Only the Facilitated team type demonstrated effective teamworking behaviors. Decreasing team effectiveness was met with a dose-dependent, concomitant decrease in average cognitive level and beneficial team behaviors. Conclusions: The results of this study provide the knowledge required to implement recommendations for targeted interventions to improve IPE teamwork. Effective teamwork is crucial to optimal patient care; therefore, future research should critically analyze and seek to improve IPE teamwork in order to prepare a practice-ready next generation of healthcare professionals.
Climatic Stress Test of Scots Pine Provenances in Northeastern Europe Reveals High Phenotypic Plasticity and Quasi-Linear Response to Warming
Authors: Mátyás Csaba , Balázs Pál , Nagy László
Published: September 2023

Research Highlights: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) phenotypic plasticity will buffer and even benefit from temperature increases in Northeast Europe this century, except for the southern peripheries of the range. Objectives: The “stress test” aimed to assess the inherent potential of existing populations to withstand projected changes in their lifetimes at their original location. Materials and Methods: This study applied an alternative analytic approach to calculate response and transfer equations from historic height growth data from provenance tests in the former USSR and Hungary. Results: Contrary to earlier analyses, the populations displayed quasi-linear responses to mimicked warming without clear ecological optima, forecasting a general growth acceleration north of Lat. 53° N. Climate-triggered mortality is predicted for the near future in the southern peripheries. Locally adapted populations at the distribution confines of the northern and southern limits deserve special attention. Conclusions: The observed adaptability to warming moderates the necessity of genetic management interventions such as assisted migration. The support of natural processes of adaptation and acclimation will be sufficient in boreal and central Northeast Europe this century. Evacuating heat and drought-tolerant populations should be envisaged in the endangered zone to conserve valuable genetic resources.
Occult Macular Dysfunction Syndrome: Identification of Multiple Pathologies in a Clinical Spectrum of Macular Dysfunction with Normal Fundus in East Asian Patients: EAOMD Report No. 5
Authors: Fujinami-Yokokawa Yu , Yang Lizhu , Joo Kwangsic , Tsunoda Kazushige , Liu Xiao , Kondo Mineo , Ahn Seong Joon , Li Hui , Park Kyu Hyung , Tachimori Hisateru , Miyata Hiroaki , Woo Se Joon , Sui Ruifang , Fujinami Kaoru
Published: September 2023

Occult macular dystrophy (OMD) is the most prevalent form of macular dystrophy in East Asia. Beyond RP1L1, causative genes and mechanisms remain largely uncharacterised. This study aimed to delineate the clinical and genetic characteristics of OMD syndrome (OMDS). Patients clinically diagnosed with OMDS in Japan, South Korea, and China were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) macular dysfunction and (2) normal fundus appearance. Comprehensive clinical evaluation and genetic assessment were performed to identify the disease-causing variants. Clinical parameters were compared among the genotype groups. Seventy-two patients with OMDS from fifty families were included. The causative genes were RP1L1 in forty-seven patients from thirty families (30/50, 60.0%), CRX in two patients from one family (1/50, 2.0%), GUCY2D in two patients from two families (2/50, 4.0%), and no genes were identified in twenty-one patients from seventeen families (17/50, 34.0%). Different severities were observed in terms of disease onset and the prognosis of visual acuity reduction. This multicentre large cohort study furthers our understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of patients with macular dystrophy and normal fundus. Evidently, OMDS encompasses multiple Mendelian retinal disorders, each representing unique pathologies that dictate their respective severity and prognostic patterns.
Trace Element Patterns in Heterogeneous Land–Sea Sediments: A Comprehensive Study of the Ulla–Arousa System (SW Europe)
Authors: Farinango Gonzalo , Álvarez-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Prego Ricardo
Published: September 2023

In the continuum of the land–sea interface, sediment reservoirs are often considered separately. Therefore, integrative research is necessary. This study focuses on sediments throughout the tributaries–river–estuary–ria pathway of the Ulla–Arousa system, aiming to quantify trace element contents, identify land sources, determine background levels, and assess sediment enrichment and contamination states. The elements Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, U, and Zn were determined in 78 sediment stations. Two approaches were considered. First, background functions and enrichment factors were estimated using Al or U as the reference element. Second, a statistical study was conducted using distribution analysis, which helped identify trace element sources and their influences throughout the basin. The results revealed two significant sources of trace elements. One source is the amphibolite massif of the Arinteiro Unit, influencing the Brandelos (Cu) and Lañas (Fe) tributaries. Another source is the Deza tributary (As, Sb). However, these alterations do not reach the estuary, where anthropogenic sources (Cr, Cu, Ni) dominate. In the inner Ria of Arousa, only a light Cr enrichment was observed. The integrated study of the Ulla–Arousa system provides valuable patterns to understand and address heterogeneous land–sea systems.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Lymphatic Regeneration in a Secondary Lymphedema Mouse Model: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hayashida Kenji , Ogino Ryohei , Suda Shota , Yamakawa Sho
Published: September 2023

Under inflammatory conditions including lymphatic disorders, bone marrow-derived myeloid cells often express lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, and these cells are then called LEC progenitor cells, which extend lymphatic vessels by fusing with existing lymphatic vessels. However, studies on the mechanism of lymphatic regeneration using three-dimensional images of lymphatic structures are limited. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the three-dimensional structure of lymphangiogenesis in a mouse model of secondary lymphedema. The model was established in C57BL/6J mice via circumferential incision in the inguinal region of the left hind limb. Skin samples were obtained from the lymphedema region on days 2, 5, and 8 after surgery. To determine lymphatic vessel positions using SEM analysis, we detected anti-lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) immunoreactivity in serial sections and overlaid them during SEM observation. On days 2 and 5, spherical cells, probably myeloid cells, were attached and fused to the LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessel walls. On day 8, spherical cells were converted to string-shaped cells, forming a new lymphatic vessel wall resembling an intraluminal pillar. Our results showed the newly formed lymphatic vessel wall extended into the lumen, suggesting intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis.
On the Ionic Conductivity of Cation Exchange Membranes in Mixed Sulfates Using the Two-Phase Model
Authors: Wu Liansheng , Jiang Haodong , Luo Tao , Wang Xinlong
Published: September 2023

The concentration dependence of the conductivity of ion exchange membranes (IEMs), as well as other transport properties, has been well explained by the contemporary two-phase model (Zabolotsky et al., 1993) considering a gel phase and an inter-gel phase filled with electroneutral solution. Here, this two-phase model has been adopted and first applied in electrolytes containing mixed counter-ions to investigate the correlation between the membrane ionic conductivity and its microstructure. For three representative commercial cation exchange membranes (CEMs), the total membrane conductivity (κT) when in equilibrium with mixed MgSO4 + Na2SO4 and H2SO4 + Na2SO4 electrolytes could be well predicted with the experimental composition of counter-ions in the gel and inter-gel phase, as well as the counter-ion mobility in the gel phase when the membrane is in a single electrolyte. It is found that the volume fraction of the inter-gel phase (f2) has little impact on the predicted results. The accuracy of the model can be largely improved by calculating the inter-gel phase conductivity (κin) with the ionic mobility being the same as that in the external solution (obtained via simulation in the OLI Studio), rather than simply as equivalent to the conductivity of the external solution (κs). Moreover, a nonlinear correlation between the CEMs’ conductivities and the counter-ion composition in the gel phase is observed in the mixed MgSO4 + Na2SO4 solution, as well as for the Nafion117 membrane in the presence of sulfuric acid. For CEMs in mixed MgSO4 + Na2SO4 electrolytes, the calculated conductivity values considering the interaction parameter σ, similar to the Kohlrausch’s law, are closer to the experimental ones. Overall, this work provides new insights into membrane conductivity with mixed counter-ions and testifies to the applicability of the contemporary two-phase model.