bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Propaganda or Political Manifest: “Open Letters” of Johann Casimir of Palatinate
Authors: Berezhnaya Natalia
Published: April 2022

In the 16th century the factors of confessional propaganda and “public opinion” become very important for public power. Each princedom, defining the principles of imperial and "foreign" policy, was guided by the confessional motivation of the prince and all structures of territorial power (courts institutions, Landtags, city councils), as well as that part of society that had a consolidated opinion in religious affairs (universities, Landeskirchen). Johann Casimir (1543—1592), the son of the Elector Palatinate Friedrich III and regent for his nephew Friedrich IV, began to form the pro-calvinist confessional-political course of the Palatinate. He organized and led the several expeditions to help the French and Dutch Calvinists. The accession to the throne of the Lutheran Ludwig VI made it impossible for Johann Casimir to use the resources of the Palatinate. However, he organized informational support for his actions in defense of Protestantism. Johann Casimir prepared for publication “Confessio Fidei” of Friedrich III (1577, in German, Latin and French), and three “open letters”: about the military actions of Protestants in France (1576, in German and French), about the reasons for the military expedition to the Netherlands (1578, in German, Latin and Dutch), about the reasons for the military expedition in support of the Elector of Cologne (1583—1584, in German and French). Was only religious propaganda the aim of the prince? Or was Johann Casimir guided not the least by political motives and ambitions? Historiography focused on attempts of the Palatinate electors to unite German Protestants at the turn of the 16th — 17th centuries (Friedrich IV and Friedrich V), however, we can assume that the “plan of action” appeared already in Johann Casimir. His interventions were not successful, but allowed the Palatinate to claim leadership among the German Protestants.
Sampiero Corso-Participation in the War between Genoa and France 1553—1559 based on the Lamoignon Collection
Authors: Gerasimova Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

Sampiero Corso is a well-known and legendary figure in Corsica. He became famous in 1553—1559 during the war between France and the Republic of Genoa. He was obsessed with the idea of the island’s independence and thanks to his activity became known in France and Italy. The aim of the article is to depict the portrait of Sampiero Corso, based on letters from the Lamoignon collection, to describe his activity of a soldier and a politician during the conquest of Corsica by France in 1553—1559. The article is based on the documents of the Guillaume Lamoignon Collection (F. 81) kept in RGADA. The Collection contains unique original documents: the letters of Sampiero Corso to Henri II, to the representatives of the French administration on the island among whom are Connétable de France, Duke Anne de Montmorency and State Secretary Jean Duthiers; there are also the letters to Sampiero Corso of the French and Italian officials serving France.
Science Diplomacy in Russia: New Trends and Dimensions
Authors: Zabotkina Vera
Published: April 2022

The article concentrates on the new dimensions of science diplomacy (SD) in Russia. The emphasis is on the dynamics of the three main constituents of SD concept. The dynamics is analyzed in the context of SD in Russia. The article considers the main strategic documents providing the regulatory framework for the development of the SD in Russia at present. The examples of good practice of SD in Russia are provided. Special attention is paid to the humanities aspects of SD. We introduce cognitive dimension of SD aimed at the study of cognitive processing of information mechanisms involved in the intercultural dialogue as the main instrument of SD.
Publicity as a Factor in the Formation of City Authority in England in the 14th — 15th Centuries (Based on London)
Authors: Chernova Larisa
Published: April 2022

In the 14—15th Centuries the city community of London becomes an active participant in the public socio-political space in England, acting as a new social subject of power relations. The formation of the city community of Freemen took place in the 12—13th Centuries in the context of the institutionalization of social and political processes in London. It is one of the most important characteristics of publicity authority. The city community of Freemen was a social institution consisting exclusively of citizens who were allowed to enjoy city privileges, including the right to participate in city government and the election of city officials. Exactly they were not just included in the publicity space of power, but also became its active actors. Municipal government was in the hands of the Aldermen and elected from among their other officials, including the highest — the Mayor and Sheriffs. The Aldermen constituted the wealthiest and most influential part of the Freemen, and they were part of the merchant top of the livery of the "Twelve Great Livery Companies" of London. The publicity of authority is most clearly manifested in the electoral principles in relation to the highest officials of the city magistrate. The City officials had to act on behalf of the community of citizens within their delegated authority based on the principle of electability. However the principle of electability had limitations that reflected the contradictoriness of the publicity space of authority in the period under review. In electing Aldermen the last and decisive word was actually left to the Aldermen themselves, who in practice elected the Mayor and Sheriffs. The Community of London was removed from the election. Urban uprisings that shook the capital in the 14—15th Centuries and directed against the government are a sign of the expansion of participants in the publicity space of authority. Representatives of the London ruling elite not only had to represent the interests of the Freeman's upper class of the city community, but also acted as a kind of channel of the connection between a certain part of the capital's society and the Royal authority. The Mayor and Sheriffs were elected by the townspeople, though a limited part of them, and from among the townspeople, but at the same time they officially considered as Royal officials. Some of the Aldermen were directly in the service of the King. The King could interfere in the electoral process at any time and remove even the Mayor from his office. Representatives of citizens, all the same Aldermen, took part in the discussion of the most important issues of state life in the Parliament, which is evidence of the expansion of the field for publicity dialogue between the government and society.
Law Between Public Norm and Narrative: from Fazaña and Fuero to Royal Jurisdiction in Medieval Castile
Authors: Kalinina Elena
Published: April 2022

The formation of the state-legal system in medieval Europe can be represented as a model. This is convenient for a more detailed study of historical and legal processes. This model does not completely coincide with historical reality, but it reflects the main laws of the evolution of the state and law. This process is considered on the example of medieval Castile. There the law developed in a spiral. Developed legal forms inherited from Rome were replaced by primitive barbaric law, and then returned to the patterns proposed by Roman law, but at a higher level. This evolution corresponded to the formation of state (public) power. In the described model, the following stages are highlighted. Romanization of the local population, the arrival of Roman law. Visigothic conquest, the creation of vulgar Roman law mixed with Germanic customs. The Arab conquest, the destruction of the emerging system. Castile's abandonment of the previous legal system, a return to regulation by custom. Fixing customs in court decisions, the emergence of precedents (fazañas). The influence of the Royal administration on the formation of a unified state-legal system, the creation of fuero. Development of Royal written law by means of abstract rules of law. The peculiarity of the evolution of the legal system was a fact that periods could not be rigidly separated from each other. Legal forms at each stage coexisted and interacted. Each instrument regulated legal relations in its own sphere. Another feature is that the development of law went from a narrative (a story about Law, saturated with emotions, values, morality) to an abstract faceless rule of law, the source of which was public power.
The Importance of Publicity Factors in the Opposition of the Florentine Society to the Dictatorship of the Guelph Party
Authors: Krasnova Irina
Published: April 2022

The chapter deals with the importance of publicity factors during the acute social and political crisis of the Florentine society.In the first months of 1382, the next change in the political regime took place, accompanied by the intensification of several groups of contradictions: the feud between the supporters of the ruling Guelph Party (Arch-Guelphs),who had returned from the five-year exile and theiropponents,who came to power in 1378; between the wealthy entrepreneurs united in senior corporations (Artimaggiory) and the mass of artisans of the juniorguilds (Artiminori) joined by hired workers (ciompi), finally, between the dictatorial methods applied by the leaders of the “skinny people” (populominuto)regime and the republican and democratic principles rooted in the communal society in the system of relatively broad people power.In this situation of civil confrontation, the decisive role was played by publicity factors, which were expressed in the forms of mass spectacles traditional for the late medieval society — disgracing rituals and, on the contrary, the actions of asserting and triumphing the winning faction.Of great importance were the political structures that embodied the principles of democracy and freedom of opinion — Parlamento (the national assembly of all full citizens) and Balias elected by them — extraordinary commissions with equal representation of the warring forces and social strata, which were given extraordinary powers: they pushed into the background ordinary bodies of the communal government.Finally, it is worth noting the initiative and public activity of the members of the senior workshops led by the Lana Corporation: they engaged in dialogues with Signoria, with those in Balias, with the aim of influencing the parties to reach a reasonable compromise.Publicity and openness, the desire of the majority of the society to find a way out of the crisis justified themselves more than the reign of the called foreigners — Podesta and Captain of the People.The principles of communal popular sovereignty led the society to achieve a certain consensus, allowed avoiding the restoration of the Guelph dictatorship of the party, and provided the Arch-Guelphs, as well as their opponents, with access to government posts, while not excluding members of junior guilds from participating in the administration.
The Role of the Parliament of Paris in Expand the Public Field of Royal Power
Authors: Tsaturova Susanna
Published: April 2022

The article explores the process of acquiring the Royal power in France in the 13—15th centuries of a public legal character in the light of changing the status of the Parliament of Paris. The Parliament made a decisive contribution to the development of the three main components of publicity: as an integral attribute of power, as a synonym for openness, and as an expression of the Kingdom's “common interest”. This contribution was facilitated by the judicial function exercised by the Parliament as the Supreme and appellate court of the Kingdom with “total” competence. The function of justice, being the main one in the sacred concept of “service of the king” at this stage, played a major role in the monarch's acquisition of the status of a sovereign and “public person”. As management became more complex, requiring professionals, and the authorities became autonomous from the person of the monarch, the function of administering justice in the name of the king was delegated to Parliament. The personal interest of the judges in the success of building the state left an imprint on the entire process. The juridical metaphor “Parliament represents the person of the king without intermediaries” reflected the status of the judicial department. It has evolved in the context of the formation of the public legal foundations of the monarchy. At first, it was similar to the function of procurators-representatives who were delegated the authority to speak on behalf of another person or group. The emergent concepts of eternity of the crown and “the immortal body of the king” transformed the essence of metaphor, turning the Parliament into a representative “image” of the crown, not the person of monarch. This transformation was clearly reflected in the funeral ceremony of the king of France, where the presidents of Parliament occupied a privileged position and had a different appearance from the rest. The establishment of the principle of publicity was strongly promoted by the judicial procedure itself: the trial was conducted openly, in front of the public, in French, in the symbolically significant Royal Palace in Cité. Finally, the Parliament actively promoted the principle of protecting the common good as the basis and goal of Royal power. By the end of this period, Parliament claims to be the protector of the “common interest” and the intermediary between the crown and society.
Phenomenon of “Publicity” in the State as in the Higher Form of Political Organization in Medieval Europe
Authors: Khachaturyan Nina
Published: April 2022

The article is concern with functional analysis of medieval “publicity” as a phenomenon. “Publicity” is presented as an integral part of the medieval statehood in Western Europe and its functional processes. This stage and form of the state building in contemporary historiography is closely associated with the concept of Etat Moderne. The phenomenon of “publicity” is examined in its two fundamental aspects. The first aspect is defined by medieval potestary polycentrism. The second aspect is underlined by practices and ideas of medieval parliamentarism. Actually in historical knowledge “publicity” is percepted as a key frame for existing communities with its legal and customary norms. The article defines «publicity» as a substantial principle of “person-society” dilemma. The author looks at phenomenon of publicity not only as a crucial factor which defines main developments of the medieval statehood but also as a particular stimulus which shapes main vectors of institutional dynamics. The scope and subsequent capacity of such a dynamics tends to increase while institutionalized power is growthing. The transformation of the medieval power institutions spreads under direct influence of complexifying dialogue of the supreme power with different social groups.
General Mikhail Nikolayevich Kalnitsky: Activities in the Overseas Union of Russian Military Invalids
Authors: Volodko Anna
Published: April 2022

This article is dedicated to General Mikhail Nikolayevich Kalnitsky (06.11.1870 — 29 [30].06.1961), a prominent figure in the Russian Abroad, the period of his activity in the Overseas Union of Russian Military Invalids and his active participation in the organisation of assistance to Russian military invalids. The General secured through the National Assembly the adoption of a law on state aid for Russian military invalids in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He was the closest associate and assistant to General N. N. Baratov, chairman of the Overseas Union of Russian Military Invalids; and from 1929 was deputy chairman and head of finance of the Main Board of the Union. In 1932, M. N. Kalnitsky was elected chairman of the Union and remained its permanent head until 1961. The general successfully raised money for a fund to help Russian military invalids; he ran the Russian Disabled Person's Day, the publication of the newspaper Russian Disabled Person and many others.
Participation of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna in the Charitable Institutions under the Auspices of the Imperial House of Romanovs: Traditions and Novations
Authors: Gromova Anna
Published: April 2022

The article examines the contribution of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (1864—1918) to the activities of charitable institutions under the patronage of the Imperial House of Romanoff. The article reflects the activities of Elizabeth Feodorovna in the Russian Red Cross Society, the Institution of Empress Maria, the Imperial Philanthropic Society, wartime committees for assistance to soldiers and their families.  The author has attempted to show the Grand Duchess's adherence to the traditional ways of charity adopted in the institutions under the care of the House of Romanoff, and her introduction of new ways and forms of social assistance to all those in need in peacetime and during wars.
The Images of Power in the Public Space of Early Restoration England
Authors: Knyazev Pavel
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the main features of the public representation of the power images during the early Stuart Restoration. The problem is studied on the material of the solemn entry of the English King Charles II into London on the eve of his coronation, April 22, 1661. Prior to this event, four triumphal arches were built in the city center, using the main symbols and allegories associated with the restoration of the monarchy. Based on a wide range of sources (official descriptions of celebrations, engravings, poetic works and diaries), the authors study the characteristic features of the power images of the early Restoration. Firstly, an important role in the construction of these images was played by the use of the heritage of the Antiquity, mainly of the works of Virgil. England was represented as the new Rome, and Charles II was seen as the new Augustus. Secondly, like the early Stuarts, Charles II sought to present his rule as a new “Golden Age” — the era of prosperity and abundance. The latter, according to the architects of the arches, came to replace the chaos, desolation and discord of the civil wars and of the Interregnum.  The symbolism of the arches helps us understand, how the legacy of that period was refracted in official rhetoric and in the minds of the Englishmen of the Restoration era. Finally, the images on the triumphal arches reflected the plans and aspirations of the new government, being a kind of “manifesto” of the new monarchy.
“To Be Exempted of Any Penalty”: the Idea of Legitimacy in Sergey Muravjev-Apostol’s Ethical System
Authors: Kiyanskaya Oksana
Published: April 2022

The article researches ethical ideas of a Decembrists’ leader — Sergey Murav’ev-Apostol. The first thing that is described is his ideas about law and legitimacy as well as about the necessity that the jury to be introduced in Russia and the judges follow the principle of “indulgence, merci and love” as they fulfill their duties. The article is based on the history of major N. S. Borshchev, accused of abuse of authority to be later acquitted by the Commission of the Tribunal presided by S. Murav’ev-Apostol. It is concluded that the case of Borshchev predetermined Murav’ev-Apostol’s exclusive authority among the soldiers and officers. The verdict of the military court on the Borshchov case will be published in the appendix.
World Congress of School History Teachers
Authors: Mayer Anastasiya
Published: April 2022

On October 4—7, 2021, the world's first World Congress of School History Teachers was held in Moscow. The initiative to hold the Congress came from the Academy of the Ministry of Education of Russia, the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the All-Russian Public Organization “Association of Teachers of History and Social Studies” and the State Academic University for the Humanities. The European Association of History Teachers “Euroclio” acted as a co-organizer of the Congress. During the Plenary session of the Congress and 7 sections, Russian and foreign history teachers discussed the most pressing issues of pedagogical practice: the experience of creating concepts for teaching history at school in different countries, issues of the correlation of national and world history in school curricula, the feasibility of dividing the educational process into basic and advanced levels, problems and prospects of the distance form of teaching history in schools, the format and structure of modern school textbooks. Special attention was paid to the discussion of teaching the history of the Second World War in different countries of the world and the history of revolutions. Also during the work of the Congress, the IV Congress of Russian History Teachers was held. Within the framework of the congress, the participants discussed topical issues and problems of teaching history in Russian secondary schools: expanding ties and exchange of experience between teachers from different regions of Russia, experience and further prospects for the introduction of the Historical and Cultural Standard as part of the concept of teaching history at school, issues of synchronization of national and of general history in the school curriculum, improvement of evaluation procedures in history, methodological support and development of programs for teaching regional history as part of the course of national history.
Post-socialist city: the visual experience of everyday life as a factor of nation-building
Authors: Sharova Veronika
Published: April 2022

The collapse of the so-called "socialist bloc" of states at the turn of the 1980-1990s. raised, among other things, the question of the formation and / or reformatting of national, regional and local identities in Central and Eastern Europe. This question turned out to be relevant in the context of rethinking the image of a post-socialist city. In this article, we plan to address a number of aspects of processes and practices related to architecture and cultural heritage policy, urban planning and identity in the post-socialist city.
Warsaw, Budapest, Prague, Bratislava, cities of the former GDR and others, which developed for several decades under the conditions of the socialist (with all possible remarks) regime, at the new stage retained a number of visual features that referred to the socialist past. The surviving monuments, elements of toponymy, urban space planning, recognizable buildings (such as, for example, the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw), on the one hand, create a common space of historical memory in the region of Central and Eastern Europe; on the other hand, the new nationalizing projects of post-socialist societies have set and are setting the contours of singularity, national and local selfness, redefining the political and cultural maps of cities. 
While exploring the city as a political text, we plan to take a closer look at how the visual experience of everyday life influences the formation of post-socialist national identity and determines the commemorating practices of residents of such cities.
At the origins of "Russian Northernism": disputes about Lomonosov (late 18th - early 19th centuries: Muravyov, Karamzin, Batyushkov)
Authors: Kara-Murza Alexey
Published: April 2022

The article examines the issue of the formation of the historiosophical and culturological concept "Russia as the North", born to a large extent in connection with the philosophical understanding of the life and work of the Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Lomonosov. The author believes that a significant contribution to this process of Russian self-identification was made at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. such intellectuals as the writer and public figure Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov (1757–1807), the historian and writer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766–1826) and the poet Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov (1787–1855). The article analyzes literary and journalistic texts, variously associated with the name of Lomonosov, which formed the basis of the concept of "Russian Northerness".
Information Security of the People's Republic of China through the prism of the Chinese war tradition
Authors: Toshchev Vladimir
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the information security policy of the People's Republic of China. This policy is examined through the prism of the Chinese war tradition, due to a close relationship between Chinese policy and its strategic culture. This approach allows for taking a broader view of the information security policy and for understanding what lies behind China’s official statements and actions. In other words, Chinese traditional military thought helps to explore correlations between official stance of the People's Republic of China and its activity in the field of information security.
Philosophy’ Contribution to Human Capital Development of Researchers: Current State and Prospective Agenda
Authors: Pirozhkova Sofia
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of the study of the role of philosophy in the training of scientific personnel. It is shown that adaptation to the challenges associated with changes in the do Russian education system and global educational trends is one of the main tasks modern Russian philosophy’s facing. The participation of philosophy in the preparation of future scientists has a special place among the problems arising in that connection. The problem originates from the ambiguous relations between philosophy and, first of all, natural sciences. Although in the Soviet system of higher education philosophy was one of the leading educational disciplines, its function with respect to science was to introduce disciplinary scientists to the only true – truly scientific – worldview; in other words, it was ideological and dogmatic in nature. This reinforced the positivism’ view on philosophy that was already formed in the scientific community in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. According to this philosophy is useless or harmful for science. It has been shown that the post-soviet period has required revision of the concept of philosophy as a scientific and university discipline, which has not been fully implemented. The paper outlines the main points that may serve as the foundation for this kind of concept, namely mutual cognitive goals, philosophy's solution of cognitive tasks assumed by the existence of science, development of cognitive skills necessary for scientists, and initiation of knowledge that forms the ground for the development of non-cognitive skills within the framework of the philosophical studies. Finally, it is shown that the professional philosophical community can influence the level of philosophical education of disciplinary scientists and their perception of philosophy as part of the scientific system within the existing basic and postgraduate training courses, even in the absence of an increase in lecture and seminar courses, which is, however, also worth pursuing.
Pojęcie dobra i zła w traktatach Corpus Hermeticum
Authors: Tylak Aneta
Published: April 2022

Corpus Hermeticum (CH) jest zbiorem siedemnastu greckich traktatów, których autorstwo przypisuje się legendarnemu Hermesowi Trismegistosowi. Chociaż zawarte w jednym zbiorze, pisma te nie stanowią jednorodnego i koherentnego systemu. Dlatego też trudno jednoznacznie odpowiedzieć na pytania, czym jest dobro i czym jest zło w Corpus Hermeticum. Pamiętając o tym, że niektóre z pism znajdujących się w Corpus Hermeticum mogą zawierać niekonsekwencje i odstępstwa od myśli, które można nazwać wspólnymi dla nurtu hermetycznego, analiza poszczególnych traktatów pozwala jednak na sformułowanie ogólnych wniosków odnoszących się do pojęć „dobro” i „zło”. W hermetyzmie więc najwyższy bóg jest bezwzględnym dobrem, świat – ponieważ jest materialny – nie może być dobry, ale nie jest także zły, skoro jest nieśmiertelny. Zły natomiast jest człowiek, a to z powodu swojej śmiertelności. Tym natomiast, co może uchronić człowieka przed złem, jest pobożność, która w myśli hermetycznej jest ściśle związana z poznaniem boga.
NAZARETH SCHOOL AS A STIMULUS IN THE BIBLICAL FORMATION OF THE FAMILY COMMUNITY AGNUS DEI
Authors: Krasicki Arkadiusz , Klarin Mira
Published: April 2022

Every family seeks encouragement for their spiritual and sociological growth. This article brings research among 30 members of the Agnus Dei family community. We explored the impact of the biblical text, in particular, the Gospel of Mark on married couples who encounter daily difficulties in raising children, but also in the personal upbringing of adults. The researcher of this article was inspired by the characters of the holy family: Joseph, Mary and Jesus. Jesus ’upbringing in Nazareth and the boy’s upbringing enabled his parents’ personal spiritual formation. That part makes up the first part of the paper. It is followed by a survey among members of the Agnus Dei family community. Research has shown that there is a great interest in God’s word. Throughout the year, attendees had the opportunity to listen to commentaries on the Gospel of Mark. In addition to certain exercises, they applied instructions to daily life. The results showed that their family community was re-formed by the word of God. They felt an improvement in interpersonal relationships in the family but also in the community. The Nazareth school actually became a stimulus for all participants in catechesis.  Biblical methods in raising a family indicate positive results.
SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS IN THE CHOICE OF THE RIGHT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Inántsy Pap Ágnes , Szilágyi Barnabás
Published: April 2022

More than 1000 public educational institutions maintained by the church work in Hungary currently, therefore recently the denominational public education has turned into a current question again. The expansion can be originated for several reasons, to which as a starting point the law of 1990 may be considered which takes action on the freedom of conscience and religion. As a result of this since the change of the regime, the church has become a school maintainer, too, which means new challenges and continuously sets new expectations for it. Denominational schools as publicly financed institutions have to meet their educational mission with the states and the school selectors’expectations. Several researchers have examined the determinants of school selection on both international and national levels (Bell 2009, Denig et al. 2009, Dronkers 1995, Ferenc-Séra 2001, Kertesi 2014, Korzenszky 1997). We may presuppose that the school - as the device of social mobility - shows the opportunity for the child's prosperity in the parents' eye. The determinants of selecting a school may be changing in each country and age, yet there are factors that can be considered relatively constant like the residential area, the parents’ social status and educational level, their piety and cultural capital, their faith in the school as the device of social mobility, their image of the future and their knowledge on the opportunities of selecting a school. Furthermore, the content and coherence of the family may also be determined. We may assume that the motivation of the school users selecting either a denominational or a state or a foundation school can be different. Also, it can be probable that the school level –primary or secondary– influences the attitudes of school selectors.   The aim of the present study is both to show the results of a questionnaire empirical research conducted among students choosing schools maintained by the church, and by putting the results in an extended conceptional framework to find such social correlations that may help to recognise the expectations and scruples drawn to the churches as school maintainers.
HUMAN-NATURE IN INDONESIA-MALUKU
Authors: Kissiya Efilina , Biczó Gábor
Published: April 2022

Luang Island is a small island located near Timor Leste and southwest of Australia. Geographical location, global economic considerations, global climate, and the policies of the Indonesian government all have an impact on the existence and culture of the Luang Island people. The people of Luang Island have local wisdom called Hygera Lai that assists them in developing a relationship with nature. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Hygera Lai and the environment among Luang Island residents. This is a qualitative study using an ecological anthropological lens. Content analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study establishes a link between Hygera Lai and the Luang people's natural environment.
MULTICULTURAL WAY OF LIFE OF VARIOUS NATIONALITIES IN TURKESTAN
Authors: Abdinassir Nazira
Published: April 2022

The main objective of the current paper is to examine the different kinds of levels of interaction, culture, interethnic marriage, linguistic features and some sort of traditions of people of various nationalities who live in the south part of Kazakhstan. Quantitative and primarily qualitative methods were used in the research process.
NURSERY SERVICES BEYOND PRIMARY CARE, SUPPORTING FAMILY EDUCATION IN HUNGARY
Authors: Rákó Erzsébet , Szabó Gyula
Published: April 2022

In the present study, we present the activities of Hungarian nursery services focusing on supporting families. Our research is based on a questionnaire survey carried out between March and June  2018. We used the database of the Hungarian Association of Nurseries that includes 1225 nursery schools in Hungary and we sent the online questionnaire to each of these institutions. We received answers from 289 institutions which are 23.6% of the nurseries in the database. The aim of the research: is to examine the changing system of nurseries and to present the family support services beyond the basic nursery services in Hungary. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the basic program of nurseries allows for the provision of other family support services in addition to the basic care and education tasks, but this is not extended to nursery services.
Psychological Pain among Divorced women in Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate
Authors: Brighieth Mohammed , Rimawi Omar
Published: April 2022

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to assess the psychological pain level among divorced women in Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate based on various variables.

Methodology: The researchers used a descriptive approach to achieve the study goals. The study's sample consisted of (67) divorced women as the researchers used the affordable method to choose using the participants. They also used the Person correlation coefficient with the total score of the instrument to test the instrument's validity. The results showed that all of the questionnaire's items had statistical significance.

Findings: The current study's findings revealed a moderate psychological pain level among divorced women in Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate, with a ratio of (70.2%). The results showed no statistically significant differences and differences in the means of the participants' responses due to the study's variables (age, academic level, duration of marriage, occupational status, and post-divorce Period).

Applications of this study: The researchers expected to apply the research in centers, institutions, and societies focusing on issues for divorced women for psychological and social rehabilitation programs through activities aimed at enhancing their self-confidence.

Novelty/Originality of this study: As a result, divorce is a threatening, frightening, and troubling factor for women that causes stress and frustration, particularly in the early post-divorce years.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Surgically Treated Acetabulum Fractures
Authors: MURATOĞLU Osman Görkem , YİLMAZ Murat , ATLİHAN Doğan , YİLDİRİM Cem , MUSLU Duran Can , AYDIN Mahmud
Published: April 2022

Aim: Acetabular fractures were evaluated by Judet and Letournel in two main groups as elementary and associated fractures. There are publications in the literature that the results are worse as the complexity of the fracture increases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether clinical outcomes are worse in associated fractured patients.
Material and Methods: The study included 48 acetabular fractures admitted to the emergency room and treated surgically between December 2011 and October 2020. Patient’s trauma, additional injuries, surgical method, early or late complications, and range of motion at the last follow-up were documented. Clinical and radiological results of the patients were evaluated by modified Merle d'Aubigné, functional capacities by Harris hip scoring systems.
Results: There were 25 elementary fractures and 23 associated fractures in patients. When the complication rates were examined, the rate of those without complications was 52.0% (n=13) among elementary fractures, while the rate was 34.8% (n=8) in associated fractures. When the fracture types were evaluated according to the Harris hip score, elementary fractures have better score than associated fractures, but no statistically significant difference was observed between them (p=0.056). When evaluated according to Merle d'Aubigne score, it was observed that elementary fractures had significantly better scores (p=0.004).
Conclusion: As the complexity of the fracture increases, it can be predicted that the clinical outcomes of the patient will be worse. It is also concluded that the elementary fracture type had better clinical outcomes than the associated fracture type in our own surgically treated acetabular fractures.
Modos gramaticales y modalidad : planteamiento pragmalingüístico
Authors: Hernández Alberto
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Teoría del yo poético y poesía española
Authors: Villegas-Morales Juan
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
La espuma dialéctica en un poema de Vallejo
Authors: González Vigil Ricardo
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Consideraciones sobre el ritmo en el poema "Los Labios", de Jorge Guillén
Authors: Gatti Murriel Carlos
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Visión y forma secreta en la poesía de Enrique Peña Barrenechea
Authors: Sologuren Javier
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
El cruce sobre el Niágara, pieza simbólica
Authors: Sanguineti de Ferrero Grazia
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Los actos de lenguaje en la teoría y la crítica literaria
Authors: Barrenechea Ana María
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Transposición del surrealismo francés al "real maravilloso" latinoamericano : el caso de Miguel Ángel Asturias con Hombres de Maíz
Authors: Karp - Toledo Eliane
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Un patrón sintáctico híbrido en el habla de los niños bilingües en quechua y español
Authors: Minaya Liliana , Luján Marta
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Sobre las ediciones de la obra de Martín Adán
Authors: Hunger Andrés
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
ALGUNAS PRECISIONES SOBRE EL CONCEPTO DE 'DIALECTO'
Authors: Rodríguez Gustavo
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Las variantes textuales de Yawar Fiesta de José María Arguedas
Authors: Rodríguez Garrido José
Published: April 2022

Un estudio de variantes es fundamentalmente un estudio sobre la lengua y la formación del estilo de un autor. Por ello. para llevarlo a cabo, puede ser de gran ayuda poseer un marco general en el que se señalen las constantes y las preocupaciones lingüísticas referidas a la creación literaria de éste. En el caso de Arguedas, dicho marco está dado por las conblUas reflexiones y declaraciones que sobre el tema él mismo hizo -las que sin dudadeben ser tomadas con cuidado- y por la dedicación de la crítica que, desde 1935 con un artículo de Tauro1 (es decir, en el inicio de la producción arguediana), reparó en las peculiaridades lingüísticas de nuestro autor y en su importancia.
Continuo y discreto en la escritura de Javier Sologuren
Authors: Anna Soncini
Published: April 2022

En el panorama de la poesía peruana contemporánea, Javier Sologuren, poeta de acentos a la par tímidos e intensos, fundidos en un personal equilibrio de perfección, ocupa un lugar de neto relieve. Su trayectoria se muestra, en líneas generales, homogénea, aunque son identificables en la gama de su producción momentos de profundo cambio.
Sobre el valor y la apreciación literaria
Authors: Reisz de Rivarola Susana
Published: April 2022

Si bien es posible, en el campo de los estudios literarios, ocuparse de textos particulares sin evaluarlos o partiendo del presupuesto de una evaluación consagrada sin tematizada, cuando se trata de definir la literatura no se puede pasar por alto el problema de la evaluación misma. Ello se debe al hecho de que el carácter literiario de un mensaje no es simplemente una cualiuad textual independiente de una situación comunicativa determinada.El texto, entendido como la pura materialidad verbal, puede existir al margen de su productor y sin que nadie lo lea. Sin embargo, para que funcione como literario debe ser recepcionado por alguien que le adjudique ese carácter y que, al hacerlo, lo inscriba, de modo más o menos consciente, en una jerarquía axiológica. En el terreno de las artes todo acto de recepción implica forzosamente una evaluación de lo recepcionado.
Sobre el nombre "Quechua"
Authors: Cerrón-Palomino Rodolfo
Published: April 2022

Uno de los primeros problemas con el que a menudo tropiezael estudioso de los idiomas ágrafos, como es el caso de las lenguasaborígenes de América, es el de su denominación (glotónimo).En la medida ,en que, por razones históricas, las noticias sobretales lenguas, y por consiguiente los primeros estudios sobre lasmismas, surgen a partir del contacto con los miembros de la civilización occidental, los nombres de los distintos idiomas, así comode los grupos étnicos que los manejan, son el resultado casi siempre arbitrario cie designaciones fortuitas hechas por viajeros, misiioneros y exploradores, quienes por lo general se basan, para ello, bien en descripciones físicas de los grupo étnicos, en ciertos indios geográficos que constituyen el habitat de los mismos, e incluso en prejuicios que se nutren de un marcado europocentrismo.
La política lingüística en el Perú contemporáneo. Notas bibliográficas
Authors: Carrión Ordóñez Enrique
Published: April 2022

Desde que comenzara el proceso de publicación de nuestra Bibliográfía del Español del Perú, ya veníamos reuniendo apuntes con lasinevitables adiciones y correcciones al original. Tenía personalmenteel propósito de ir publicando de manera periódica esas notas paraorientar a los investigadores de manera constante y oportuna. Otras circunstancias impidieron ese ,propósito. Habiendo transcurrido quince años desde entonces, el material acumulado ha alcanzado proporciones apreciables que justificarán en su momento una edición ampliada de dicha obra. Pero en tanrto se presente ocasión favorable, he decidido publicar por adelantado algunas porciones homogéneas delmaterial acumulado, aun sin esperar la elaboración final, aun sin examinar directamente todas las referencias. Sin esperar que llegue a lo mejor, básteme aspirar a io oportuno, que es ya acercarse a lo bueno.
La identidad americana del “sujeto disfrutante” de Lezama Lima
Authors: Montero Oscar
Published: April 2022

En un estudio sobre uno de los poemas en prosa de José LezamaLima, James Irby señala que para mejor estudiar la obra del poetacubano haría falta el aparato crítico que se ha hecho imprescindiblepara la lectura de Blake, Rimbaud o Mallarmé. "Lezama es de suestirpe", escribe Irby, "P,ero en un Mundo Nuevo" 1• En efecto, lanovedad de Lezama depende de una deliberada ubicación en el trópicoinsular2 • Se trata no sólo de la participación en una geografía parti-cular sino también de una postura frente al lenguaje y frente a unatradición literaria asumida y transformada en un idioma propio. Dostextos fundamentales de dicha tradición que juegan un papel cen-tral en la obra de Lezama son la poesía de Góngora y la de San Juande la Cruz, los dos luminosos polos de la poesía española entre loscuales define el poeta cubano la peculiar potencia de su palabra.
MATTHIAS PERL (ed.), Estudios sobre el léxico del español de América, Leipzig (VEB) 1982, 215 pp.
Authors: Rivarola José Luis
Published: April 2022

Reúne esta colección tres estudios referidos a toda Hispanoa-mérica y seis dedicados a cuatro países: Cuba (3), Colombia (1),Paraguay (1) y Perú (1). Los temas que se abordan son múltiples yvariados, y las unidades léxicas estudiadas muy numerosas: es natural,por ende, que se eche de menos un índice temático y un índice general de palabras, que habrían sido de gran utilidad.
HORST SITTA (Hg.) Ansätze zu einer pragmatischen Sprachgeschichte. Zürcher Kolloquium 1978, Tübingen
Authors: Hernández Alberto
Published: April 2022

Puede decirse, sin incurrir en exageración, que los más recientes aportes de la investigación lingüística europea se distinguen claramente por una pragmatización generalizada de todos los campos de interés científico. Esa tendencia, que viene manifestándose desdelos comienzos de la década del 70, debe entenderse como una reacción genuinamente europea frente a las restricciones teóricas y metodológicas impuestas primero por el estructuralismo de corte norteamericano y después por la lingüística generativa transformacional, de la misma procedencia.
HIPOLITO UNANUE, Guía Política, eclesiástica y militar del Virreynato del Perú, para el año de 1793
Authors: Cayo Córdova Percy
Published: April 2022

Tanto el estudioso como el público lector disponen ahora de unacuidadosa edic:ón facsimilar de la primera de las cinco Guías queimprimió sabio tan ilustre como Hipólito Unanue.
GUILLERMO L. GUITARTE, Siete estudios sobre el español de América, México
Authors: Rivarola José Luis
Published: April 2022

Los estudios de G. Guitarte sobre la lengua de América eran bien conocidos en el ámbito de los especialistas. Publicados en revistas, en actas deeventos científicos y homenajes académicos, todos ellos constituyeron contribuciones sustanciales al conocimiento del español de América y de la filología hispanoamericana en torno a asuntos que han ocupado y ocupan un lugar preferencial en las reflexiones sobre nuestra realidad idiomática: la impronta andaluza en la formación de la variedad americana y los fenómenos conocidos como seseo y yeísmo, que son componentes mayores de esa impronta.
Pronombres de objeto directo e indirecto del castellano en Puno
Authors: Godenzzi Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Guaman Poma de Ayala conciencia cultural pluralista
Authors: Ortega Julio
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Sobre el condicionamiento funcional de la la elisión del indicador de pluralidad en el castellano del Perú
Authors: Hundley James
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es investigar los diversos factores funcionales que condicionan la elisión de la /s/ del plural en el castellano del Perú.
Para la historia del Español de América: Parodias de la "lengua de indio" en el Perú (ss. XVII-XIX)
Authors: Rivarola José Luis
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
HUGO J. VERANI. Las vanguardias literarias en Hispanoamérica (Manifiestos, proclamas y otros escritos}, Roma, Bulzoni Edt., 1986, 307 p.
Authors: Gonzáles Vigil Ricardo
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Lo “real maravilloso” como categoría literaria
Authors: Marcone Jorge
Published: April 2022

Si bien estos dos términos no fueron acuñados por los críticos y estudiosos de la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporánea, sino por M.A. Asturias y A. Carpentier respectivamente, han sido aquéllos los que han fijado su uso en el ámbito de sus estudios. Sin embargo, el contenido y el alcance de estos términos no ha sido siempre el que estos novelistas propusieron. El "realismo mágico", especialmente, es, hoy por hoy, una confusión de conceptos. Algunos plantean su proximidad a la narrativa fantástica y otros, en cambio, su oposición. Por esta razón, este trabajo no se inicia con una introducción a las reflexiones de A. Carpentier o M.A. Asturias, sino con el análisis crítico de los conceptos de "real-maravilloso" y "realismo mágico" tal como se han utilizado hasta el momento. Como posible vía para solucionar la confusión y redefinir lo "real maravilloso" y/o "realismo mágico" volveremos sobre esos autores.