bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of Rhinella jimi (Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: Monção Filho Evaldo , Pio Yara , Chaves Mariana , Ferreira Paulo , Fonseca Mariluce , Pessoa Cláudia , Lima Daisy , Araújo Bruno , Vieira Jr. Gerardo
Published: January 2021

Rhinella jimi toads (Stevaux, 2002) belong to the Bufonidae family, are endemic in the Brazilian Northeast and are commonly found during rainy periods. In general, amphibians of this family have in their poisons different metabolites that show a diversity of pharmacological activities. The isolation and identification of these compounds are of great importance, and techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are widely used for the discovery of novel and known compounds in these poisons. For R. jimi poison, the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were obtained and thirty compounds were identified by combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DI-APCI-MS/MS) and direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS/MS) for each extract, respectively. Marinobufagin (2) and marinobufotoxin (19) were the majorities of each extract, respectively. In addition, other bufadienolides mainly present in the ethyl acetate extract, such other bufotoxins, alkaloids and arginine diacid derivatives were identified in the methanol extract. In a cytotoxic assay by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the extracts and compound 2 demonstrated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values better than the positive control doxorubicin, evidencing excellent cytotoxic. This is the most complete study of the chemical composition of R. jimi toad poison and its respective cytotoxic activity, promoting the enrichment of knowledge about this family and species.
A method to diagnose compound fault of rolling bearing with ITD-AF
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Pan Xiang , Feng Zhigang , Fang Minghe
Published: January 2021

In an engineering practice, the faults of rolling bearing are mostly represented as being compound and hard to diagnose. For that, intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) algorithm was combined with Auto-correlation Function (AF) to extract the characteristics of compound faults of rolling bearing in aviation engine. Firstly, ITD algorithm was used to decompose acceleration signal into multiple rotational and residual trend component; secondly, rotational components were reconstructed to figure out their AF; finally, characteristic frequency of rolling bearing under compound faults mode was extracted by Hilbert spectrum envelope. To validate the effectiveness of the method, a comparative study on sensor installation positions and vibration acceleration signal of different compound faults has been carried out. The result of study shows that the proposed ITD-AF method is capable to extract compound fault characteristics of rolling bearing in an effective and precise manner and the installation positions of sensors, rotation speed and fault type shows insensitivity to extraction.
A study on the diagnosis of compound faults in rolling bearings based on ITD-SVD
Authors: Pan Xiang , Yu Mingyue , Meng Guanglei , Chen Wangying
Published: January 2021

Considering the difficulty in the diagnosis of compound faults in rolling bearings, the paper combines Intrinsic Time-scale Decomposition (ITD) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for extracting the characteristics of compound faults from rolling bearings. Rotational components obtained from ITD decomposition are denoised according to Singular Value Decomposition algorithm; signal is reconstructed by denoised rotational components; at last, characteristics of compound faults of rolling bearings are extracted by Hilbert spectrum envelope of reconstructed signal. In validation, the paper has made a comparative study on the proposed ITD-SVD method and conventional one based on ITD algorithm and PCA method, and the result shows that ITD-SVD method works better on noise control and thereby provides more precise extraction of characteristic frequency of compound faults from rolling bearings of aero-engine.
Dualism of Approximation Principle in Linguadidactics
Authors: Golovaneva Marina
Published: January 2021

Dualism is a specific quality of approximation principle. The present research featured the potential of approximation principle for linguadidactics, namely to what degree it can be used to teach Russian as a foreign language and perform correction work in class. The research objective was to assess the efficiency of this principle. The study was based on the method of observation. The article introduces analyses of scientific linguadidactic literature and some typical situations of educational process. The author separates correction work from speech activity, i.e. talking, writing, and reading. The author believes that speech mistakes must be corrected immediately, involving the student in the correction process. Graphic facilities should be used to illustrate the norm. Therefore, in practical linguadidactics, approximation principle should be minimal. Yet, approximation is impossible to avoid in the abovementioned types of speech activity, which hints at the dualism of this principle. Therefore, all errors must be corrected using graphic means, if possible, by both the teacher and the student. Students should be encouraged to participate in the correction process, while the teacher maintains supervisory control.
Developing a Model for the Volitional Self-Direction Formation in Orphans and Abandoned Children
Authors: Timofeeva Irina
Published: January 2021

The article introduces a new model for developing volitional self-direction skills in students of orphanage schools. The research objective was to identify and describe the components of this model. The paper explains the essence of the self-direction process and the specifics of self-direction development in adolescents. The problem of developing self-direction in orphans still remains understudied. The authors proved that volitional self-direction skills develop in orphans in the environment where they live and study. They defined the concept of developing volitional self-direction skills in orphanages as a continuous, purposeful, and controlled interaction between teachers and students, aimed at developing a system of knowledge and ideas about the volitional regulation of students’ activities, as well as acceptable ways of reacting and behavioral patterns in various situations. The paper describes criteria, indicators, recommendations for assessment, and organizational conditions.
Historical and Legal Analysis of the Development of the Institute of Defence Attorneys in Russia
Authors: Biryukova Olga , Bondarenko Irina , Vinnichenko Oleg
Published: January 2021

This research featured the origin, formation, and development of the institute of defence attorneys in Russia. The methodology was based on the classical principles of historicism and objectivity. Comparative-historical and chronological methods made it possible to reproduce a retrospective analysis of the development of the Institute of defence attorneys. The formal-legal method helped to clarify its legal basis. The authors studied normative legal acts and monuments of law, as well as scientific publications, monographs, and dissertations related to the history of the Bar in Russia. The institute of defence attorneys proved to have a long history, from the first legal representatives of the XV century to the first Russian Bar in the second half of the XIX century, the Soviet Bar, and the contemporary Bar. At each stage, the Russian Bar had its own specific features. For instance, the term "lawyer" was not used in the pre-revolutionary period. The Judicial Statutes of 1864 included the term "sworn attorney". During the Soviet period, lawyers were called "defenders". Their function was quite formal: to represent the general principles of Soviet legislation rather than to defend the interests of the client. The contemporary law on legal practice and defence defines the terminology and regulates the legal status of an attorney. The paper also introduces an analysis of the forms of Bars in Russia and their main functions. The Institute of defence attorneys provides qualified legal assistance to the population, which makes the review quite relevant.
Model and Technique for Abonent Address Masking in Cyberspace
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Kuchurov Vadim , Maximov Roman ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Sherstobitov Roman ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko
Published: January 2021

Regulators charge to counter information security threats against the structural and functional characteristics of the information system to ensure the information security requirements. These requirements include information system structure and composition, information technologies and functioning characteristics, physical and logical, functional and technological interconnections between information system segments. They order false components of information system emulation as a basic step of protection, as well as information technologies hiding, information system configuration management and its switching to predetermined configuration that provides a protection. However that steps are not included into basic set and they protection aims are reached with compensative assets, formalizing and implementing inhibitory orders and set of organizational and technical measures on threat source. The purpose of research – to disclose and to state main ways of search of new technical solutions for structure masking of distributed information systems in cyberspace implementing masking traffic taking into account the requirements for the timeliness of information exchange. The method of research – operations research in the face of uncertainty, the application of the theory of Markov processes and Kolmogorov equation for solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of masking exchange. The result of research – finding the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the functioning process of the data transmission network when applying technical solutions for information systems masking in cyberspace. The results obtained make it possible to explicitly implement protection measures aimed at forming persistent false stereotypes among violators about information systems and control processes implemented with their help.
Cryptographic Recursive Control of Integrity of Metadata Electronic Documents. Part 2. Complex of Algorithms
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Tali Dmitry , Finko Oleg ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko,   North Caucasus Federal University,   Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences (RARAN)
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop a set of algorithms to increase the level of security of metadata of electronic documents in conditions of destructive influences from authorized users (insiders). Research methods: the principle of chain data recording technology, methods of the theory of algorithms, theoretical provisions for the construction of automated information systems of legally significant electronic document management. The result of the research: a complex of algorithms for cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of metadata of electronic documents has been developed. Its feature is the following features: 1. localization of modified (with signs of integrity violation) metadata records of electronic documents; 2. identification of authorized users (insiders) who have carried out unauthorized modifications to the metadata of electronic documents; 3. identification of the fact of collusion of trusted parties through the introduction of mutual control of the results of their actions. The proposed solution allows to implement the functions of cryptographic recursive two-dimensional control of the integrity of metadata of electronic documents. At the same time, the use of the technology of chain data recording, at the heart of the presented solution, is due to the peculiarities of the functioning of departmental automated information systems of electronic document management.
Efficiency of Fat Suppression in T1-Weighted Inner Ear Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Multipoint Dixon Method Versus Hybrid Techniques
Authors: Cakmak Pinar , Herek Duygu , Yagci Ahmet Baki , Sagtas Ergin , Ufuk Furkan , Çakmak Vefa
Published: January 2021

Background:

Temporal bone is a region where fat suppression is difficult due to the inhomogeneity
of various structures with different molecular properties.

Introduction:

We aimed to determine the most effective fat suppression sequence in order to increase the visibility of the
inner ear region.

Methods:

The hybrid techniques and T1-Weighted mDIXON images of 40 patients
with Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging of the inner ear were prospectively compared by two experienced
radiologists in terms of fat suppression efficacy. In all fat-suppressed sequences, the Signal
to Noise Ratio (SNR), the spinal cord signal intensity / mean fat signal intensity ratio and spinal
cord signal to noise ratio were calculated. The suppression efficacy of MR techniques for fat areas
in the inner ear was visually graded.

Results:

Qualitative assessment of image quality due to fat suppression in the inner ear was made;
the Dixon technique performed significantly better than SPAIR and SPIR techniques (p<0.0001).
The mean signal intensity of the inner ear fat and SNR for the Dixon technique were significantly
lower than that for SPIR and SPAIR techniques (p<0.0001). Inter-observer agreement regarding
the assessment of the inner ear fat, mean signal intensity values and mean SNR values for fat suppression
techniques was significant.

Conclusion:

The Dixon technique exhibited higher image quality and fat suppression efficiency
than the hybrid techniques in the MR imaging of the inner ear.
Changes in Essential Oil Profile of Thymus daenensis Celak., Thymus
fedtschenkoi Ronniger., and Thymus vulgaris L. Under Methyl Jasmonate
Treatment
Authors: Shayganfar Alireza , Akhzari Davod
Published: January 2021

Background:

Thymus plants are well-known medicinal plants and it is believed that the pharmaceutical
and therapeutically properties of these plants are related to their essential oils. The quality and quantity
of the essential oils, as a secondary metabolite of aromatic plant, is directly related to the physiological
state of the plant. The role of jasmonates in the plant as signal molecules in mediation and up-regulation
of plant defense and secondary metabolism processes is well recognized.

Objective:

With the aim of increasing the performance and stimulating secondary metabolites, this
study evaluate the influence of foliar application of MJ on essential oil content and composition of three
different Thymus species, whether as an elicitor or an activator.

Method:

The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with MJ treatments in four levels
(0, 30, 60, 100 mM) and three replications.

Results:

Compared to the control, essential oil content of all three species increased in all treatment
levels. However, the changes of essential oil composition were different. Under MJ treatments, the
amount of sesquiterpenes (especially caryophyllene oxide) increased in T. daenensis and T.
fedtschenkoi. In addition, the amount of thymol in T. daenensis, thymol, and γ-terpinene in T. vulgaris
increased, whereas carvacrol methyl ether in T. daenensis and p-cymene in T. vulgaris decreased.

Conclusion:

It seems the type of plant species has a specific role in determining the response. There
were no interpretable changes between treatment levels.
The Role of Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Know
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Magrone Manrico , Galatola Vito , Magrone Thea
Published: January 2021

Background:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection provokes
serious clinical consequences, which in many situations need hospitalization of the patient in Intensive Care Unit.
Additionally, SARS-COV-2 infection can indirectly cause deaths in aged individuals as well as in patients with comorbidities.

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in both hospitalized patients and in the
general population.

Methods:

Authors searched Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional
websites for medical subheadings terms and free full text referred to “SARS-CoV-2”, COVID-19”, “nutrition”, “immune
system”, before 31st July 2020.

Results:

A total of 20 articles describing different nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection focusing
on the general population have been included. Of these, 6 studies are dealing with nutritional interventions for patients with
SARS-CoV2 infection and the others are focalized on a potential beneficial effect exerted by a Mediterranean-type diet,
related to the supplementation of micronutrients and vitamins.

Conclusion:

A correct lifestyle even including the consumption of nutrient largely present in MD, may be beneficial for
preventing or improving prognosis in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Progress and Perspectives of Nanotechnology Applied in Nontraditional
Precision Machining Processes for Advanced Industrial Applications
Authors: Qiao Xun , Zhang Yi , Meng Dongrong
Published: January 2021

Nontraditional precision processes (especially at the nanoscale) have been significantly developed in modern
industry to meet the specific requirements of applications. In this paper, the progress of nanotechnology applied in
nontraditional precision machining processes for advanced industrial applications is presented. In particular, the
mechanisms, parameters, properties, applications and patent trends of ultrasonic machining, ion nanobeams machining
and laser machining are further explored and analyzed in detail. Other nontraditional precision machining processes
related to nanotechnology are also outlined briefly. Finally, the developments and future perspectives of nanotechnology
used in nontraditional precision machining are discussed.
An Optimized Process for the Preparation of Aqueous Ferric Carboxymaltose: Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Authors: Tabasi Ozra , Razlighi Mahdi Roohi , Darbandi Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2021

Background:

Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) formulation consists of iron-carbohydrate
nanoparticles where iron-oxyhydroxide as a core is covered by a carbohydrate shell. The present
work provides an improved synthesis process of FCM as an intravenous iron, active pharmaceutical
ingredient.

Methods:

Water-soluble FCM complex was prepared from the reaction of ferric hydroxide precipitation
with an aqueous solution of oxidized maltodextrin (MD) at optimum temperature and pH
conditions. A systematic approach was followed to obtain the optimal weight ratio of the maltodextrin/
ferric chloride for FCM synthesis process with suitable-sized nanoparticles. Physical characterization
of newly synthesized ferric carboxymaltose (FCM-NP) was performed to establish its equivalency
with the reference product (Ferinject).

Results:

The size distribution of the whole nanoparticles determined by dynamic light scattering
(DLS) was in the range of 15-40 nm with an average particle size of 26 ± 6.6 and 25.8 ± 4.9 for
FCM-NP and Ferinject, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of FCM-NP and Ferinject indicated
the Akaganeite structure of iron-oxyhydroxide. The iron content of particles (cores) measured
by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was almost equal for the two formulations. The
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of Ferinject and FCM-NP were approximately similar.

Conclusion:

Various analytical methods, including FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, DLS technique,
TEM, and AAS were employed. It was observed that the specifications of FCM-NP obtained
by these analyses were almost identical to those of Ferinject. Accordingly, the two formulations
were considered comparable.
MOF-based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xiao Juan-Ding , Jiang Xiao-Qing , Zeng Guang , Yu Bin
Published: January 2021

Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials that are assembled
by multiple metal ions and organic linkers, featuring high specific surface area and tailorable
structures. MOFs exhibit semiconductor-like behavior due to the inorganic fragment in the framework.
Principally, the perfect crystalline structure inhibits the formation of charge recombination centers,
and their porous characters facilitate the rapid/efficient utilization of the photogenerated electrons
and holes. Therefore, in recent years, MOF based materials have received increasing attention for their
applications in photocatalysis. Here, starting from the photocatalytic mechanism toward hydrogen
production on MOF based materials, the three key photocatalytic processes: Light absorption, electron-
hole separation, and surface redox reactions, will be illustrated according to the recent reports. In
addition, MOF derivatives for photocatalytic hydrogen production is briefly introduced. Finally, the
conclusions and perspectives are provided for the future development of MOF based photocatalysts.
UNREASONABLE AS A BASIS FOR CHANGING OR CANCELING A JUDICIAL NOT ENDED IN LEGAL FORCE
Authors:   N.M. Kostrova Dagestan State University, Kostrova N.M. , Gadzhialieva N.Sh. ,   N.Sh. Gadzhialieva Dagestan State University
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the content of the concept of groundlessness of a judicial act in the context of the grounds for canceling and changing judicial decisions that have not entered into legal force in civil proceedings. Based on the analysis of normative sources, the author reveals the content of the validity of the judicial act in conjunction with proving the circumstances necessary for the adoption of a particular procedural decision. After analyzing the points of view of various scientists, the author shows the presence of various approaches in determining the unfoundedness of a judicial act, shows his vision of the issue under study. Attention is drawn to the fact that the degree of validity of the judicial act depends on a combination of certain factors and circumstances that are disclosed by the author based on judicial practice. In conclusion, the author reveals what elements make up the content of the concept of unfoundedness of a judicial act, concludes that the unfoundedness of a judicial decision as a legal category needs further comprehensive scientific and practical research. The author proposes to correct the list of grounds for cancellation, formulated in Part 1 of Art. 330 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation in order to improve the procedural mechanism for revising judicial acts.
ABOUT COUNTERING THE FINANCING OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN)
Authors:   A. M. Abdulatipov Dagestan State University, Abdulatipov A. M.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of forms and methods of financing terrorism at the present time. This article describes the role of state authorities (including law enforcement) and local governments in countering the financing of terrorism and extremism. Based on the results of the study of analytical materials and criminal cases, the most effective measures in the mechanism for countering the financing of extremist and terrorist activities have been determined. The author notes that in order to effectively counter the financing of terrorism and extremism, the relevant state authorities need to rely not only on an understanding of traditional forms and methods of financing terrorism, but also on the results of tracking constantly developing and changing new risks. Based on the research the author made a number of conclusions and proposals of theoretical and practical importance
RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM AS A CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN RUSSIA, BELARUS AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   F.V. Grushin Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia, Grushin F.V. , Lyadov E.V. ,   E.V. Lyadov Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia
Published: January 2021

One of the main tasks of any state is an effective fight against crime. At the same time, the correct choice of the criminal punishment system is of key importance. A fairly large number of recent cases in Russia, Belarus, and especially in Kazakhstan have received criminal penalties in the form of restriction of freedom. As official statistics show, this punishment is very effective, but there are both features of the implementation of restrictions of freedom in each of the countries, and some problems in its application. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the implementation of criminal punishment in the form of restriction of freedom in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Objectives of the study: analysis of the legal and regulatory framework; a comparison of restriction of freedom in each of the countries concerned; identification of positive aspects of implementation of penalties; identification of problems in the application of restraint of liberty; preparation of proposals to improve the effectiveness of restriction of freedom in Russia. The following scientific methods were used in the preparation of the study: analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal logical, historical-legal and system-structural. Based on the research, a number of changes to the current criminal and penal enforcement legislation of the Russian Federation are proposed. In particular, given the importance of such a means of correction as labor, the experience of Belarusian and Kazakh colleagues in the field of employment of prisoners sentenced to restriction of freedom may well be spread in Russia. It is also possible to consider a ban on the use of alcoholic beverages by convicted persons to restrict their freedom in Russia as an effective measure that contributes to achieving the goals of punishment.
SOME ASPECTS OF VERIFICATION, EVALUATION AND RESEARCH OF EVIDENCE IN THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
Authors:   E.V. Bykadorova Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Bykadorova E.V.
Published: January 2021

The article pays great attention to the features of verification of evidence, research of evidence, directly at the stage of trial. Violations in judicial work that did not correspond to the actual circumstances of the criminal case, which led to the further cancellation of the sentence or the return of the criminal case for a second trial, were considered.
LEGAL AWARENESS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ANALYSIS
Authors:   L.V.  Karnaushenko Krasnodar University of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Karnaushenko L.V.
Published: January 2021

Over a long period of time, the general theoretical aspects of law, its relationship with key areas of philosophical knowledge (ontology, axiology), as well as practice-oriented technical research played a predominant role in legal knowledge. At the same time, such an aspect of the functioning of law as legal consciousness remains not fully studied. This concerns both the social significance of legal consciousness and the social context of its formation in the public environment. Equally interesting is the question of what are the key trends in the formation of legal consciousness in Russian society. The article examines the problem of legal consciousness in Russian society. In the first part of the article, a general theoretical study of the essence of legal consciousness, its place in the system of social worldview, social significance, as well as key factors of formation is carried out. Separately, the question of the deformation of legal consciousness and its causes is raised. The second part of the work is devoted to the current state of legal consciousness in Russian society, which includes both the analysis of actual data and the consideration of indirect data, including the state of the main factors in the formation of legal consciousness in Russian society. The causes of the crisis of legal consciousness in Russian society are considered. Trends in the nature of attitudes towards law in Russian society are analyzed, and trends in the deformation of legal consciousness in Russia are also described. The processes described relate to institutional and information factors that are currently relevant. The third part of the article summarizes the results of the study, notes key trends in changing the situation with legal consciousness in Russian society. Options are offered to overcome the current crisis situation.
LEGISLATIVE (REPRESENTATIVE) AUTHORITIES OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS AN OBJECT OF PUBLIC CONTROL
Authors:   Ja. Zalesny Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Zalesny Ja. , Shtirlova M.Ya. ,   M.Ya. Shtirlova Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, Goncharov V.V. ,   V.V. Goncharov Kuban state agrarian university named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the organization and activities of the Institute of public control in relation to the legislative (representative) authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors substantiate the position that the institution of public control acts as the most important guarantee of the implementation of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of citizens in the management of state affairs. However, the organization and implementation of this institution of civil society faces numerous problems, one of which is the lack of consolidation in the current legislation of the concept and list of objects of public control. In this regard, the functioning of public control in relation to such an object as the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation is associated with numerous problems. The article analyzes these problems, as well as formulated and justified ways to resolve them, including by improving the Russian legislation. This will not only create optimal conditions for full control over the activities of the legislative (representative) state authorities of the Russian Federation, but also generally strengthen this institution of civil society.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE LEGAL SUPPORT OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Part II
Authors:   E.B. Abakumova Novosibirsk military Institute named after General of the army I.K. Yakovlev of the national guard of the Russian Federation, Institute of Philosophy and Law in Siberian department of Russian Academy of Sciences, Abakumova E.B.
Published: January 2021

On the basis of theoretical and legal analysis, the types of restrictions on constitutional rights established in connection with the replacement of public offices of a subject of the Russian Federation were determined, and the existing problems and contradictions in this area were indicated. It is shown that the current legislation does not separate the restrictions of constitutional rights in the sense of part 3 of article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the immanent limits of the rights of citizens who hold public office in a subject of the Russian Federation. The paper also draws attention to the gap in Russian legislation in terms of disciplinary liability of persons holding public positions in the Russian Federation for violations of anti-corruption requirements. The article substantiates the need for regulatory consolidation at the Federal level of other types of disciplinary responsibility, in addition to dismissal due to loss of trust. In addition, regional laws that establish the basis for the legal status of persons who hold public positions in various authorities of the Russian Federation should include rules that oblige authorized persons to take decisions on the application of disciplinary measures in established cases.
PROCEDURAL FEATURES OF THE CONSIDERATION OF CASES OF UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   A.V. Akhmedov Dagestan State University, Akhmedov A.V.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals some procedural features of the consideration of cases of unauthorized buildings. Purpose: to identify the procedural norms contained in the substantive legislation that have a significant impact on determining the competence of jurisdictional bodies to consider the category of cases under investigation, the lawsuit form of protection of the right and persons involved in the case. The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature, the study of the material and procedural legislation of the Russian Federation and the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The results of the study. The author has identified criteria for distinguishing administrative and judicial forms of considering cases of unauthorized buildings, as well as criteria for delimiting the competence of courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts in these cases. The conclusion is substantiated on the need for legislative consolidation of the right of the prosecutor to appeal to the court and the right of the court to involve a third party in the process, declaring independent claims if he has consent. Proposals are made aimed at improving the rules of procedural law governing the procedure for considering cases of unauthorized buildings.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN KELAS SD (Alternatif Penciptaan Laboratorium SD yang Efektif )
Authors: Zubaidah Enny
Published: January 2021

Lingkungan kelas yang bernuansa ke-SD-an saat ini dibutuhkan oleh guru-guru SD, mahasiswa S-1 Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD), mahasiswa S-2 Pendidikan Dasar (Dikdas), dan para pengambil kebijakan di bidang ke-SD-an. Itu semua dalam rangka untuk menyesuaikan antara ilmu yang dipelajari dengan dunia yang ada di lingkungan SD. Lingkungan kelas SD idealnya tersedia berbagai sarana sebagai media pembelajaran di SD. Sarana yang berupa media pembelajaran ke-SD-an itu, ditata secara proporsional melalui sudut-sudut mata pelajaran sebagaimana yang ada di SD dan jika mungkin ditambah sudut lain yang menunjang pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SD. Diharapkan melalui lingkungan tersebut, memungkinkan siswa dan guru dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran tentang  banyak hal. Hal itu karena di lingkungan kelas tersebut menyediakan berbagai sarana penunjang dan pendukung untuk mempelajari semua mata pelajaran yang ada di kelas SD.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UTILISING THE LEARNING MEDIA TO BUILD THE CLASS ENVIRONMENT(Alternative Approach in Developing Effective Elementary School Laboratory)ABSTRACTTo synchronise the theoretical knowledge taught in college with practical situation existed in elementary schools, all stakeholders of elementary schooling, such as teachers, students, and policy makers, require an environment that closely represents an elementary school-like atmosphere. In this sort of setting, we can find several facilities, as learning media, that are situated proportionally to align with the subjects taught in elementary schools or other perspectives that might be beneficial for supporting the learning process. Having this atmosphere enables students and teachers to gain more lessons during the learning process due to adequate supporting facilities.Keywords: learning media, elementary schooling course, elementary school-like environment
Pelatihan Penyusunan Instrumen Tes dan Analisisnya Secara Modern Bagi Guru-Guru IPA SMP
Authors: Istiyono Edi , Setiawan Risky , Harun Harun
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini berupa pelatihan penyusunan instrumen tes bagi guru SMP mata pelajaran IPA terpilih yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pengalaman kepada guru tentang: 1) penyusunan soal berbasis High Order Thinking Skills, 2) penyusunan rancangan penilaian untuk kurikulum 2013, 3) penyusunan instrumen soal, dan 4) penganalisisan butir soal secara modern (Item Response Theory). Kegiatan PPM ini dilaksanakan dengan metode pelatihan, dilanjutkan dengan penugasan, dan pendampingan di sekolah. Kegiatan yang dilakukan terdiri atas pelatihan penyusunan rancangan penilaian dan kisi-kisi soal berbasis HOTS, pelatihan penyusunan penilaian K-13, praktik penyusunan soal, dan pelatihan analisis butir soal dengan menggunakan software ITEMAN dan Bilog MG. Khalayak sasaran dalam kegiatan ini adalah guru Sekolah Menegah Pertama (SMP) di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 30 orang.  Hasil dari kegiatan PPM ini yakni: 1) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru IPA tentang prinsip-prinsip penyusunan instrumen tes yang baik, 2) memberikan pemahaman dan pengalaman kepada guru IPA dalam menyusun konstruk instrumen tes yang baik, 3) memberikan pemahaman dan pengalaman kepada guru dalam melakukan analisis butir soal secara IRT, dan 4) memberikan pemahaman dan pengalaman kepada guru dalam menganalisis kemampuan peserta tes dengan pendekatan IRT. Kata Kunci: pelatihan, pendampingan, penyusunan soal, guru SMP
ECOBRICK Sebagai Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik di Laboratorium Biologi dan Foodcourt Universtias Negeri Yogyakarta
Authors: Sunandar Aditia Pramudia , Chahyani Rizki Qonitati Chandra , Farhana Fiki Zida
Published: January 2021

Produksi sampah plastik saat ini sudah tidak terbendung lagi. Masyarakat semakin sulit terlepas dari penggunaan plastik. Hal tersebut tentu saja berdampak pada tercemarnya lingkungan karena limbah plastik yang menumpuk dan memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk terurai secara alami. Terlebih  lagi  karena  penggunaan  plastik  hampir  tidak  bisa  dikendalikan.  Plastik  juga  menjadikan  suhu  udara menjadi  lebih  panas  dari  ke  hari,  karena sifat  polimernya  yang  tidak  berpori. Pada  saat  ini,  sebagian  besar  produk  yang diproduksi tanpa memikirkan ke mana mereka akan pergi ketika dikonsumsi. .Di lingkungan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta sampah plastik sangat mudah ditemukan di lingkungan Foodcourt dan Laboratorium Biologi. Dalam upaya mengurangi limbah plastik peneliti berinisiatif untuk membuat ecobrick sebagai pemanfaatan dan daur ulang limbah plastik. Ecobrick adalah salah satu usaha kreatif bagi penanganan sampah plastik. Fungsinya bukan untuk menghancurkan sampah plastik, melainkan untuk memperpanjang usia plastik-plastik tersebut dan mengolahnya menjadi sesuatu yang berguna, yang bisa dipergunakan bagi  kepentingan  manusia  pada  umumnya..Dengan cara mengolah kembali limbah botol plastik menjadi barang yang bisa digunakan kembali seperti tempat sampah, kursi, dan meja serta mendukung penyadaran terhadap mahasiswa biologi untuk membuang sampah pada tempatnya sesuai arahan. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan dengan selalu penuhnya tiga kardus sampah yang disediakan di laboratorium Biologi setiap seminggu dan mencapai angka 60%. Pemanfaata ecobrick membutuhkan bahan dasar yang cukup banyak dan peranan setiap pihak karena masih menggunakan tenaga manual namun memiliki hasil yang positif dalam mengurangi sampah plastik dilingkungan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Ecobrick, Sampah Plastik, Daur Ulang.
Sosialisasi Pengurangan Penggunaan Sedotan Plastik Di Lingkungan Sekolah dan Masyarakat
Authors: S Syahda Agustian , Safitri Mahrifa Dwi , Fauzia Aina
Published: January 2021

Sedotan plastik terkandung didalamnya Polypropylene dan Polystyrene adalah salah satu alat bantu minum yang penggunaannya hanya digunakan sesaat dan akhirnya menambah jumlah limbah yang ada. Limbah sedotan plastik yang ada di lingkungan Kota Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu elemen penyebab kerusakan lingkungan yang tidak mudah terurai karena berbahan plastik dan anorganik. Langkah untuk mencapai lingkungan yang bersih dari limbah plastik terutama limbah sedotan adalah dengan mengurangi penggunaannya dengan tidak memakai atau menggunakan sedotan ramah lingkungan dan mengolah limbahnya menjadi sebuah karya atau barang yang berguna atau bernilai harganya. Dari langkah yang akan dilakukan , perlu diwujudkan karya-karya dengan bahan utama limbah sedotan plastik dan pengedukasian serta pemanfaatan limbah sedotan plastik, yang menjadi konsentrasi pada penelitian ini bertujuan dapat; alternatif langkah mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan dan mencintai lingkungan alam, sumbangsih ide kepada siswa dan masyarakat, alternatif produk fungsional bagi siswa ataupun masyarakat, pelestarian lingkungan, dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah observasi, sosialisasi dan studi literatur. Hasil obseravsi menunjukan bahwa penggunaan sedotan plastik masih banyak dilingkungan sekolah dan masyarakat namun ternyata banyak siswa dan masyrakat yang sadar untu segera mengganti sedotan plastik menjadi sedotan ramah lingkungan dan tergerak hatinya untuk mengolah limbah sedotan plastik menjadi barang yang memiliki manfaat lebih.Kata kunci: sosialisasi, sedotan, plastik
Evaluation of the Liver Disease Information in Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sun Fei , Yang Fuchun , Zheng Shusen
Published: January 2021

Background

The internet has changed the way of people acquiring health information. Previous studies have shown that Wikipedia is a reasonably reliable medical resource, and it has been ranked higher than other general websites in various search engines. Baidu Encyclopedia is one of the most popular encyclopedia websites in China. However, no studies have shown the quality of the content provided in the Baidu Encyclopedia.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of liver disease information provided by Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and to perform a comparison of the quality and timeliness of the articles published in these two encyclopedias. Moreover, a 3-year follow-up study was conducted to compare if the information in both these websites was updated regularly over this period.

Methods

We searched for information on liver diseases by using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Version 2016 codes on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese). The quality of the articles was assessed using the DISCERN instrument, which consists of 3 sections. We recorded the latest editing date of the webpages and calculated the date interval to evaluate the update timeliness of these websites.

Results

We found 22 entries on liver diseases in Baidu Encyclopedia and 15 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2016, and September 30, 2016, and we found 25 entries in Baidu Encyclopedia and 16 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2019, and September 30, 2019. In section 1 of the DISCERN instrument, the mean (SE) scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. In section 2 and section 3 of the DISCERN instrument, the DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were lower than those of Wikipedia articles, but the differences were not statistically significant. The total DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. The update interval of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia was found to be significantly longer than that of the articles in Wikipedia.

Conclusions

This study shows that the quality of articles and the reliability of the research content on liver diseases in Wikipedia are better than those of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia. However, the quality of the treatment choices provided in both Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia is not satisfactory. Wikipedia is updated more frequently than Baidu Encyclopedia, thereby ensuring that the information presented has the most recent research findings. The findings of our study suggest that in order to find accurate health information, it is important to seek the help of medical professionals instead of looking for a prescription amid the confusing information provided on the internet.
Evaluation of the Liver Disease Information in Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Fei , Yang Fuchun , Zheng Shusen
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The internet has changed the way of people acquiring health information. Previous studies have shown that Wikipedia is a reasonably reliable medical resource, and it has been ranked higher than other general websites in various search engines. Baidu Encyclopedia is one of the most popular encyclopedia websites in China. However, no studies have shown the quality of the content provided in the Baidu Encyclopedia.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of liver disease information provided by Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and to perform a comparison of the quality and timeliness of the articles published in these two encyclopedias. Moreover, a 3-year follow-up study was conducted to compare if the information in both these websites was updated regularly over this period.

METHODS

We searched for information on liver diseases by using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Version 2016 codes on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese). The quality of the articles was assessed using the DISCERN instrument, which consists of 3 sections. We recorded the latest editing date of the webpages and calculated the date interval to evaluate the update timeliness of these websites.

RESULTS

We found 22 entries on liver diseases in Baidu Encyclopedia and 15 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2016, and September 30, 2016, and we found 25 entries in Baidu Encyclopedia and 16 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2019, and September 30, 2019. In section 1 of the DISCERN instrument, the mean (SE) scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. In section 2 and section 3 of the DISCERN instrument, the DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were lower than those of Wikipedia articles, but the differences were not statistically significant. The total DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. The update interval of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia was found to be significantly longer than that of the articles in Wikipedia.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that the quality of articles and the reliability of the research content on liver diseases in Wikipedia are better than those of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia. However, the quality of the treatment choices provided in both Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia is not satisfactory. Wikipedia is updated more frequently than Baidu Encyclopedia, thereby ensuring that the information presented has the most recent research findings. The findings of our study suggest that in order to find accurate health information, it is important to seek the help of medical professionals instead of looking for a prescription amid the confusing information provided on the internet.