bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tungsten accumulates in the intervertebral disc and vertebrae stimulating disc degeneration and upregulating markers of inflammation and pain
Authors: Grant MP , VanderSchee CR , Chou H , Bolt A , Epure LM , Kuter D , Antoniou J , Bohle S , Mann KK , Mwale F
Published: May 2021

Tungsten is incorporated in many industrial goods, military applications and medical devices due to its ability to impart flexibility, strength and conductance to materials. Emerging evidence has questioned the safety of tungsten exposure as studies have demonstrated it can promote tumour formation, induce pulmonary disease and alter immune function. Although tungsten is excreted from the body it can accumulate in certain organs such as the brain, colon, liver, kidneys, spleen and bones, where most of the bioaccumulation occurs. Whether prolonged tungsten exposure leads to accumulation in other tissues is unknown. The present study demonstrated that mice exposed to 15 ppm sodium tungstate for 4 weeks in their drinking water showed comparable accumulation in both the bony vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs). Lumbar IVD height was significantly reduced in tungsten-exposed mice and accompanied by decreased proteoglycan content and increased fibrosis. In addition to catabolic enzymes, tungsten also increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as the neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF) in IVD cells. Tungsten significantly increased the presence of nociceptive neurons at the endplates of IVDs as observed by the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) in endplate vessels. The present study provided evidence that tungsten may enhance disc degeneration and fibrosis as well as increase the expression of markers for pain. Therefore, tungsten toxicity may play a role in disc degeneration disease.
HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION OF THE BSSR: MAIN ASPECTS OF ASSISTANCE TO PRACTICAL HEALTH CARE IN THE 1950s AND 1960s
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Perevalov Y.O. , Pokhodenko-Chudakova I.O. ,   Belorussian State Medical University, Lastovka A.S. ,   Belorussian State Medical University, Yadchenko E.S. ,   Gomel State Medical University, Gorbachev V.V. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kosova M.S. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kabanava A.A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Averchankava N.A. ,   Ziegelberg Women’s Hospital
Published: May 2021

During the period of the 1950s and 1960s, higher medical education occupied one of the key positions in the health care system of the BSSR. After overcoming the medical and sanitary consequences of the Great Patriotic war and restoring fixed assets, the BSSR health care system faced further challenges to increase the amount of medical institutions and the number of doctors, and to improve the quality of providing medical care to the population. All these and many other tasks could not be solved without the comprehensive assistance of higher medical education. The purpose of the study is to show the key stages of the development of higher medical education in the BSSR in the field of practical health care in the 1950s and 1960s. The research was carried out on the basis of archival data stored in the collections of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of Vitebsk Region, scientific and historical literature from the National Library of the Republic of Belarus, the Vitebsk Regional Library named after V. I. Lenin, as well as information already introduced into scientific parlance. Special historical methods were used in this study: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, and historical-systemic.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BIOMARKERS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY DEVELOPMENT AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY PERFORMED IN THE CONDITIONS OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
Authors:   Republican Research Center «Cardiology»,   Republican Clinical Medical Center of the Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Belarus, Krachak D.I. , Klimchuk I.P. ,   The 4th City Clinical Hospital named after N.E. Savchenko, Mshar S.V. ,   Brest Regional Clinical Hospital, Kordzakhia G.E. ,   The 4th City Clinical Hospital named after N.E. Savchenko, Rogovoy N.A. ,   The 4th City Clinical Hospital named after N.E. Savchenko
Published: May 2021

Objectives. To assess the diagnostic value of urinary lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (uNGAL) as a monomarker, as well as in combination with other indicators, in acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosing in the early postoperative period in cardiac surgery patients. Material and methods. The analysis of 73 case histories of ICU patients after cardiac surgery in the conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. AKIN criteria were applied to diagnose AKI. The primary end point of the study was the postoperative level of uNGAL, the secondary end point was the indexed value of uNGAL. Results. 31 (42.4%) patients developed AKI (according to AKIN score). uNGAL had a very good level of diagnostic significance in detecting AKI (AUC 0.849, p=0.001) and its optimal cutoff level was more than 48.2 ng/ml within the time frame up to 12 hours after surgery. The diagnostic efficiency of the uNGAL test was: specificity - 88.1%, sensitivity - 67.74%, positive predictive value - 80.8%, negative predictive value - 78.7%, positive likelihood ratio - 5.57, negative likelihood ratio - 0.37. The ratio of uNGAL to leukocytes in the terms up to 12 hours after surgery demonstrated an excellent level of diagnostic value (AUC 0.920, p=0.001). The diagnostic efficiency of this indicator (more than 5.5 μg/1*109) was: specificity - 94.74%, sensitivity - 73.68%, positive predictive value - 93.3%, negative predictive value - 78.3%, positive likelihood ratio - 14.0, negative likelihood ratio - 0.28. Conclusions. The diagnostic capabilities of uNGAL in detecting AKI in the early stages after cardiac surgery exceed the capabilities of serum creatinine traditionally used for this purpose. To improve the efficiency of AKI diagnosis in the early postoperative period, it is possible to use indexed indicators, for example, the ratio of uNGAL to leukocytes level in the patient’s blood.
THE DEPENDENCE OF MICROORGANISMS BIOFILM FORMATION ON THE FEATURES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Ziamko V.Y. , Okulich V.K. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Dzyadzko A.M. ,   Minsk Scientific and Practical Center of Surgery, Transplantation and Hematology, Kolchanova N.E. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Goncharova A.I. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kornilov A.V. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kabanava A.A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Averchankava N.A. ,   Ziegelberg Women’s Hospital
Published: May 2021

Objectives. To study the dependence of the formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates from patients on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Material and methods. The study conducted from 2016 to 2020 included 894 clinical isolates from 720 patients with infectious pathology of various localization and severety. The formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates received from these patients has been studied, depending on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Results. The property to form biofilms was found out in the overwhelming majority of tested isolates (86.6%). At the same time P. aeruginosa isolates had the maximum biofilm-forming ability, the weight of the microbial biofilm of which was 48.25; 30.1-70.2 mcg/well. The conducted studies have shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated. A direct close relationship was found between the severity of the disease and the mass of microbial biofilm of P. aeruginosа and K. pneumoniae, a weak one - in Acinetobacter spp. (r=0.73, r=0.7 and r=0.35, p<0.05 accordingly). Conclusions. It can be assumed that intensive formation of biofilms by clinical isolates is an important factor of the aggressiveness and severity of the infectious process. Moreover, the conducted study has shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated.
Role of Tinospora cordifolia in metabolic health disorders: An updated review
Authors: Devi Pritika
Published: May 2021

The use of various herbal drugs in India has been widely developed in recent years. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) belonging to family Menispermaceae has a tremendous amount of bioactive principles in exploring nutraceuticals from natural source. T. cordifolia is considered as an important herbal drug of traditional system of Indian Medicines. The herb is also well known for its therapeutic efficacy in treatment of various diseases viz. dyspepsia, diabetes, fever, urinary problems, jaundice, chronic diarrhoea, cardiac disease, dysentry, helmenthiasis, skin diseases, leprosy, thyroidand various metabolic diseases. Present review highlights the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic activity of Guduchi and their validation through existing literature, experimental studies. The plant is reported to have various alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The current study is undertaken to explore and review its role on metabolic disorders.
A Proposal for new Quality attributes for Schedule R of the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
Authors: Rao Bayya Subba
Published: May 2021

Original sin is not life but it is a part of life.  It establishes psychological, mental and physical health.  Statistics reveal several deaths of pregnant mothers, ectopic pregnancy, child deaths or original sin related diseases, apart from lethal consequences which is out of the scope of this article. Use of contraceptive methods may be beneficial in several circumstances avoiding unwanted pregnancies. A few television channels were scrolling the various contraceptive methods and educating the citizens for a good health perspective.  The objective of this review is not only to enlighten the various contraceptive methods but also in knowing their failure level methods and some unique evaluation methods that can be included in Schedule R of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 so as to append the quality attributes with in-vitro and in-vivo original sin correlated models.  The review illustrates role of researchers/pharmacist/medical professionals in problem solving skills and is also expected to answer the general questions experienced and witnessed by the author relating to original sin including gender sensitization.  In India, several national level bodies also insist for academic accreditations the contributions relating to gender sensitization and the article meets criteria as well.  If the author as a common man sends a sample for current products for assessing abstract attributes, does Central Drugs Laboratory can?, a thought in this direction is needed which in turn indicates role of questionnaires/instruments in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945.  Does a need of a statutory warning for original sin products is necessary, a question is raised and a review by persons skilled in art is proposed.  The article illustrates either side to the context.  The article also helps to overcome barriers from society, professional point of view relating to original sin related research either at the pre-clinical or at the clinical levels.
A Comprehensive Study on Regulation of Herbal Drugs in India, US and European Union
Authors: Chegu Sadhika , Nagabhushanam Maddi V
Published: May 2021

The current investigation surveys the guidelines of natural medications in the India US and Europe and illuminates issues identified with their clinical preliminaries. Natural medications have been utilized for quite a while in various frameworks of wellbeing like Ayurveda, Yunani, Sidha and Homeopathy for treating number of infections. It is an exceptionally hard to perform clinical investigation on Hm’s medications in light of the fact that these medications are an unpredictable mix of dynamic fixings. It is subsequently hard to distinguish the fixing which is answerable for the remedial impact among different elements of Hm’s medications. The normalization of Hm’s medications is likewise a troublesome assignment. Notwithstanding every one of these issues are existing public interest has expanded towards natural medications in last two thirty years in light of their long history of treating the illness securely. The laws and guidelines for natural medications are distinctive in various nations. The WHO has expressed that every nation ought to have a framework to control Hm’s medications in their region. In Europe, the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) was established in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and Directive 2004/24/EC, which introduced a simplified registration procedure for traditional herbal medicinal products in EU Member States. The primary obligation of HMPC is to assess and give approval for natural medications based on their wellbeing and adequacy. In US spices are delegated dietary enhancements after the presentation of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) in1994. In US natural medications are sorted into two kinds, first is OTC Hm’s medications and medications which required NDA endorsement. In India the Department of AYUSH has made rules for quality improvement of natural substances. The current investigation audits the guidelines of herbal medications (Hm’s) in the India US and Europe illuminates issues identified with their clinical preliminaries.
Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Delamanid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Advaita B. , Patel Deepa R. , Patel Dhaval M. , Babaria Mansi
Published: May 2021

Delamanid is successfully used for treatment of MDR TB. A stability indicating analytical method has been developed and validated. In this study Delamanid was degraded under different stress test conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization. The degraded samples were used to develop a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the Delamanid. The Delamanid was well separated from degradation products using a reversed-phase Hypersil BDS C18 (250 mm × 4.6mm i.d., 5µm) column and a mobile phase comprising of 0.01M pH 2.70 Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile (pH 3.50) 70:30, pH of mobile phase was adjusted with Glacial acetic acid and other HPLC parameters were flow rate 1 mL/min, detection wavelength 254 nm and injection volume 10 µl. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Results obtained after validation study indicating that the proposed single method allowed analysis of Delamanid in the presence of their degradation products formed under a variety of stress conditions. The developed procedure was also applicable to the determination of stability of the Delamanid in commercial pharmaceutical dosage form.

Keywords:  Delamanid, stability indicating analytical method, HPLC
Effect of COVID 19 on thyroid gland function
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Adnan , Omairi Saleh Salman
Published: May 2021

The pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease induced by it (Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19) has been filling the pages of newspapers, television news and websites for days. It is a new virus, which until a few months ago probably lived only in bats, about which there is little scientific certainty about humans. The few evidences, however, are constantly updated and evolving. It is therefore not uncommon to come across information from unreliable sources and / or without any scientific basis. As far as possible, I will try to shed some light on the possible relationships between the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the endocrinological system. This article, therefore, is the result of a completely personal research carried out in scientific journals, international scientific research sites and on the opinion of experts in the sector (expert opinions). It does not presume to be exhaustive, as the current certainties are very few and in any case must be interpreted dynamically since the scientific framework is constantly evolving. In essence, the information reported at the time of writing this article is based on what is currently known about the COVID-19 infection, but could be outdated in the coming months, based on the finding of new scientific evidence.

Keywords: Effect, COVID 19, thyroid, gland, function
In Silico Prediction and Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Obeticholic Acid in the Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Dhage Manali Sudhir , Ganamurali Nila , Dhanasekaran Dhivya , Sabarathinam Sarvesh
Published: May 2021

Background: Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a persistent liver disease. Ursodeoxycholic acid is used as a first-line treatment for the past two decades. However, concurrent use of Ursodeoxycholic acid reported with a severe adverse drug reaction. Obeticholic acid has been started utilizing as monotherapy and also with Ursodeoxycholic acid in a patient who is intolerant to Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. We primarily aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic & toxicity profiles of Ursodeoxycholic acid and Obeticholic acid using in silico methods. Method: The pharmacokinetic profile of UDCA & OCA was observed from PKCSM server online database, OSIRIS® property Explorer, T.E.S.T. (Toxicity estimation software tool) & Molinspiration® is used to estimate the drug toxicity profiles. Result: This computer-aided response provides a great understanding and creates a gap between the theoretical and clinical evidence for UDCA & OCA's preference in PBC management. Conclusion: Co-administration of Obeticholic acid with Ursodeoxycholic acid will be an effective treatment for PBC in patients with UDCA intolerants. However, both medications are well-recognized substrates of the CYP3A4 enzyme and may lead to unintended drug interactions and side effects. Keywords: Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Obeticholic acid, Ursodeoxycholic acid, CYP3A4, Drug Interactions, Pharmacokinetics.
Evaluation of Drug Prescription Pattern using World Health Organisation Prescribing Indicators in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore
Authors: Cherian Ritty Sara , Stuthy Gaddam Mrudula , Salin Dhanush
Published: May 2021

Aim of the study: To monitor the drug use patterns by using WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary care hospital and to minimise the irrational prescribing practices by the prescribers. To monitor the drug use patterns by using WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary care hospital and to minimise the irrational prescribing practices by the prescribers. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study, the patients who were satisfying the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study. The patient’s data were collected in specially designed documentation form. The collected data’s were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study was conducted in 143 patients in which the average number of drugs per encounters was 3.5 and the percentage of drugs in the generic name was 37.10% (n=190), and in brand names were 62.89% (n=322). The number of encounters with antibiotics was 61.5% and where as 57.35% of the total drugs prescribed was injections. Most of the medicines prescribed were included in the list of essential medicines of India that is 96.09% and without use of antibiotics 38.46% (n=55). Conclusion: Poly pharmacy leads to drug chances of interactions and risk of ADRs and revealed that most of the patients were prescribed with the poly pharmacy and in brand names.  The use of antibiotics was much more in the study, which should be minimize so that antimicrobial resistance can be minimized. Keywords: adverse drug reaction, essential drug list, prescribing indicators
Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy Services Offered for Palliative Care Patients in Chennai
Authors: Thirumal Vaishnavi
Published: May 2021

Palliative care is an emerging concept in developing countries like India. North region is having more illiterate people comparing to southern part of India and shows poor palliative care services offered in those regions. Clinical pharmacy services are in developing stages in those regions. The objectives of this study were to create a baseline inventory of clinical pharmacy interventions in palliative care and to assess the perceived importance of interventions made. This was a prospective, single-center characterization study. Interventions were documented from a period of three months (September to November, 2020) and were characterized into predetermined categories and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Physician acceptance rate and intervention rate per patient was calculated. A total of 98 interventions were documented, giving 2 interventions per patient and an acceptance rate of 62%. Discontinuing therapy (35%), initiating therapy (22%), and provision of education/counseling (8%) were most common Interventions. Clinical pharmacy interventions are frequent, and those relating to alterations in drug therapy are most common. The major conclusions from this study are that clinical pharmacy services are being offered for palliative care patients in chennai, with an emphasis on initiating and discontinuing through clinical pharmacist is effective.
Keywords: Clinical pharmacy; hospice; palliative care; pharmacy; pharmacy education
Comparative Study of Different Products of Carbamazepine Tablets Available in Iraqi Market
Authors: Al-Shaheen Mohammed K , Majeed Saad M , Al-Zidan Radhwan Nidal
Published: May 2021

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug to control grand mal epilepsy, as well as for the treatment of peripheral neuralgia. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), CBZ is considered a class II drug. CBZ is characterized by a slow and irregular gastrointestinal absorption, with irregular oral bioavailability; due to its low water solubility. Therefore, the release of the drug from the dosage form (tablets in this study) and the subsequent step of dissolution represent the most important parameters that decide whether a sufficient plasma concentration will be achieved or not. In the current study, the FTIR study for the pure API, CBZ, and the different commercially available brands of CBZ conventional tablets, available in the Iraqi drug market (Mosul city as an example), were examined. Subsequently, various quality control parameters such as the weight variation, content uniformity, friability, and hardness of the conventional CBZ tablets were conducted. Moreover, the disintegration and the dissolution tests of the different brands of CBZ available in the Iraqi drug market were performed.

Keywords: Antiepileptic Drug, Bioequivalence; Epilepsy; Generic; Brand vs generic; IVIVC; QC
Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate): An important mineral drug of Unani medicine to be used in the management of various ailments
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ahmad Haqeeq , Hafiz Khadija Abdul
Published: May 2021

Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate) is a mineral origin drug in Unani system of medicine (USM). Chemically, it is known as copper sulphate that formulated as CuSO4. It is used by various Unani scholars to manage different ailments in effective and safe manner as Mufrad (single) and Murakkab (compound) form viz. Amrad Jild (skin disease), Amrad Chashm (eyes diseases), Amrad Nizam Hadm (GIT diseases), Amrad Tansuliya (sexually transmit diseases), Amrad Dimag (brain diseases), Amrad Tanffus (respiratory disease) and Poisoning of certain substances. A review was done by bibliographic database from ScienceDirect, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ebsco Publishing's Electronic Databases, and Scirus. Search was done by using key words viz. ‘Neela Thotha’, ‘Copper sulphate ’, ‘Tootiya’, and ‘CuSO4’, literature of  Neela Thotha was also collected from the renowned Unani text book viz. Khazain-ul-Advia, Mohit-e-Aazam, Makhzan-ul-Mufradat, and Mufradat-e-Azizi and also from standard conventional books viz. Indian Medicinal Plants, and Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. In conventional medicine Neela Thotha considered as poisonous substance characterized by colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe headache, albuminuria, dyspnoea, circulatory failure, coma and death and avoids its use in human being. While in USM after proper detoxification of Neela Thotha is used in various ailments. Neela Thotha and its formulations have been claimed by Unani scholars to be useful in the management of various ailments. In this article authors have an attempt to explore properties and used of Neela Thotha in several ailments.

Keywords: Neela Thotha; Tootiya; CuSO4; Copper sulphate; Copper
HCIP: An Online database for prediction CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition potential of bioactive compounds
Authors: Sarvesh Sabarathinam , L Preethi , Meganathan Haripritha , Gokulan M Arjun , Dhanasekaran Dhivya , Ganamurali Nila , Radhakrishnan Rahul
Published: May 2021

Background: Concomitant administration of herbal medicine and conventional may lead to severe metabolism-oriented herb-drug interactions. However, detecting herb-drug interaction is expensive and higher time-consuming. Several computer-aided techniques have been proposed in recent years to predict drug interactions. However, most of the methods cannot predict herb-drug interactions effectively.

Methods: Canonical SMILES of bioactive compounds was gathered from the PubChem online database, and its inhibition details were gathered PKCSM from the webserver.

Results: By searching the bioactive compound name in the search bar of “The Herb-CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition Predictor online database” (HCIP- http://hcip.in/), it will provide the liver enzyme inhibition profile of the selected bioactive compound. For example; Guggulsterone:  CYP3A4 inhibitor. 

Conclusion: The Herb-CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition Predictor online database is very peculiar and easy to determine the inhibition profile of the targeted bioactive compound.

Keywords: CYP450; Enzyme inhibition; Bioactive Compounds; Online database; Herb-Drug Interaction
Prescribing Patterns of Drugs in Geriatric Patient
Authors: John Nimmy N , VJ Arjun , James Annie , NN Ramesh , Mahendrakar Ashok
Published: May 2021

A prospective observational study on prescribing pattern of drugs in the geriatric patients was conducted in Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. The present study aimed to study prescribing patterns of various drugs in elderly patients and to evaluate inappropriate prescribing with the help of beers criteria. A total of 100 patients of geriatric age group(>/65 years) was included in the study for the period of 3 months of which, most of the patients were in the age group of 65-70 years (79.24%), out of which 52 were male and 48 were females. Maximum subjects were prescribed with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors followed by analgesics. A minimum of 5 drugs were prescribed in 46 cases, followed by 5-8 drugs in 36 cases, then more than 8 drugs were prescribed in around 18 cases. Based on beers criteria 23 patients received potentially inappropriate prescription of at least 1 drug and all these belongs to category A. The study concluded that there is need for careful application of the criteria by health care professional, consumers, payers and health systems should lead to closer monitoring of drug use.

Keywords: Prescribing pattern, geriatrics, beers criteria, antibiotics, analgesics.
Dificuldades e resistências às tarefas de escrita
Authors: Dieb Messias
Published: May 2021

Analiso entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove estudantes de Engenharia e Ciências da Computação do Programa Ciências sem Fronteiras, na Universidade da Califórnia em Santa Bárbara – Estados Unidos (UCSB), entre 2015 a 2016, para compreender dificuldades e resistências na relação com a escrita. Eles supostamente apresentam essas dificuldades e resistências por pertencerem à áreas disciplinares em que o cálculo é práxis predominante e por se encontrarem comumente dissociados da prática da escrita interativa. Os resultados mostram que as dificuldades e resistências dos estudantes residem basicamente na carência de situações didáticas, a exemplo das vivenciadas na UCSB, oportunizando uma legítima atividade intelectual (metacognitiva e metalinguística) e que desenvolvam seus letramentos sociais, em especial, os que são típicos do meio acadêmico.
The “rebound effect” of energy efficient actions to be performed as part of a major renovation of apartment buildings
Authors: Mishchenko Valeriy , Gorbaneva Elena , Ovchinnikova Elena
Published: May 2021

Environmental safety and the rational use of natural resources are among pressing present-day problems. Energy efficiency improvement is an important constituent of energy policies in many countries. This article examines the impact of the “rebound effect” on improving the energy efficiency of environmental safety programs implement-d at federal and municipal levels. There is still no consensus on how to take the “rebound effect” into account and whether it should be considered at all. Paradoxically, the “rebound effect” is the unintended side effect of energy efficiency activities. In this paper, different types of this effect are considered. The “direct assessment” method, based on the non-linear relationship between energy consumption and efficiency, is used to assess the “rebound effect” produced on individual household appliances. The factors hindering the implementation of energy efficiency activities are also identified. Having analyzed the impact of the effect on different sectors of economy, we can conclude that the most pronounced “rebound effect” is observed in the housing sector. Consequently, if we consider a major energy efficient renovation, we have to take account of the “rebound effect” caused by new energy saving activities.
Redevelopment of the Moscow monorail
Authors: Vlasov Denis , Vakulenko Sergey , Romenskii Dmitry
Published: May 2021

In the world practice of recent decades, monorail transport systems have been actively developing as an element of the mass passenger transport system. There is a monorail line in Moscow, which has exhausted its operational reserves and needs reconstruction. The article discusses the possible directions of development of the monorail in Moscow. Five possible directions of development have been identified, including the transformation of the line into other modes of transport (tram), the construction of an extension of the monorail line in various directions, the arrangement of urban public spaces and the renewal of rolling stock. Construction of an extension of the existing monorail line, rebuilding the system into a tramway, arrangement of a linear fleet — these are very costly options that require a significant amount of time to discuss projects. The most promising direction in the development of the system is the renewal of the rolling stock or its complete replacement while preserving the linear part of the monorail.
Apocalipses e catástrofes: o lugar da distopia em narrativas contemporâneas da literatura e do cinema angolanos
Authors: Tindó Secco Carmem Lucia
Published: May 2021

O artigo almeja refletir acerca de temporalidades e tempos distópicos presentes em narrativas contemporâneas de Angola, tanto no âmbito da literatura como do cinema. Com base nos romances O desejo de Kianda (1995) e O quase fim do mundo (2008), de Pepetela, e no filme Ar condicionado (2020), do cineasta Fradique (Mário Bastos) e do produtor Jorge Cohen, pretende-se efetuar um levantamento de representações alegóricas, investigando e discutindo seus respectivos significados e o lugar da crítica e da resistência em narrativas consideradas distópicas.
Distopias políticas em modo antropozoomórfico: universos sombrios do pós-humano em textos ficcionais de Orwell e Ionesco
Authors: Neto Mariano Rosário
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como foco uma reflexão sobre o universo da distopia, sobretudo no que respeita à sua variante política, bem como a sua figuração em obras literárias. Nesse sentido, foram selecionadas duas obras maiores da literatura distópica em modo antropo-zoomórfico: Animal Farm, de Orwell, e Rhinocéros, de Ionesco. Nelas, através do pretenso elogio do animalismo, configura-se uma denúncia política e ideológica dos falsos paraísos pós-humanos.
The Implementation of Arabic Language Learning Using Oxford Strategy in Primary School/ تنفيذ إستيراتيجية تعلم اللغة العرابية نمودج اكسفورد في المدرسة الإبتدائية
Authors: Vindayani Fika
Published: May 2021

One of the elements of learning Arabic is the student's Arabic learning strategy. But there are still some students who have not found the right strategy for learning Arabic, because of a lack of knowledge about Arabic learning strategies, especially the Oxford model of language learning strategies. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of the Arabic language learning strategy for students in the Oxford model of Madrasah Ibitidaiyah Al Islam Kartasura students. This research is descriptive qualitative, as for the research site at Madrasah Ibitidaiyah Al Islam Kartasura. This research was conducted from March to June 2020. The subjects in this study were students of class V A at Madrasah Ibitidaiyah Al Islam Kartasura. The informants in this study were the fifth grade Arabic teachers at Madrasah Ibitidaiyah Al Islam Kartasura. Data collection methods used were interviews, observation and documentation. The conclusion of this study is that students use Arabic learning strategies in the Oxford model because there are indications that students are using their learning. The strategies used are memory strategies, cognitive strategies, compensation strategies, metacognitive strategies, affective strategies, and social strategies. The strategy that is often used by students is the memorial strategy.
Implementation of Conversation Instruction to Upgrade Speech Skill (A Comparative Study between Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Sragen and Pondok Pesantren Darul Mukhlisin Temulus Ngawi)/تنفيذ تعليم المحادثة لترقية مهارة الكلام (دراسة مقارنة بين معهد والي سوعو
Authors: Susilaningtyas Rohmah
Published: May 2021

This research aims to know: (1) explaining the history of Muhadasah program in boarding school Walisongo Sragen to increase Maharoh kalam in the year 2018/2019 (2) explaining the use of Muhadasah program in Walisongo Boarding School Sragen to increase Maharoh kalam in the year  2018/2019. This research uses qualitative research. The methods of collecting data are observations, interviews and documentation. The test validity of data by using source triangulation. The analysis of data starts with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that: 1) The Muhadasah Program is used to increase the Maharoh kalam this appears on the indicator of the students achievement in the Maharoh Kalam, the program begins from the Salaf boarding school  that only teaches the kitab kuning then Develop a muhadasah program to enhance the Maharoh kalam. The level of learning of the nature of the boarding school Walisongo Sragen  starts from the basic level and intermediate and the upper level. (2) The activities of the muhadasah program carried out every Sunday then implemented on the use of Arabic in daily conversation although the implementation of this program is a new program for the Salaf boarding school. Alhought, the model of learning Muhadasah in the Waisongo boarding school Sragen by using memorization model, free muhadasah model and the model of the answer (dialogue). Alhought,  method of evaluation is used with the observation approach and location approach.
Teaching of Speaking Skill with picture Expression Strategy at the Islamic Boarding School/تعليم مهارة الكلام باستراتجية التعبير المصور في المعهد العصري الإسلامي
Authors: Barokah Anisatul , Rizqiyah Zamronah
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the strategy atta'bir almushawwar using the book Muthala'ah alqiro'ah al-rosyidah and to determine the increase in speaking skills. This research uses qualitative research. This research was carried out from June to August 2019 at the Islamic Boarding School Ta'mirul Surakarta. The data collection techniques are through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. And the data validity technique uses triangulation of sources and methods. And data analysis techniques using data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and draw conclusions. The results of the study show that the steps of atta'bir almushawwar using the Muthala'ah alqiro'ah al-rosyidah book, namely the teacher reads the vocabulary aloud and students follow it, and the teacher asks students to interpret it, the teacher asks the students to listen to the teacher's explanation with Image media are on the board and in a situation where students do not open the book, the teacher asks students to read muthalaah books and then gives students time to ask questions about vocabulary or things that have not been understood, the teacher asks some students to retell what the teacher has explained in front of the class by using Arabic. By using the attakbir almushawwar strategy in learning the muthalaah book, it is very helpful for students to remember the material that has been explained by the teacher. Because the explanation using image media makes students interested so that students pay attention to the scale of what is explained by the teacher. And in addition students have to memorize again using Arabic that they have understood, with this students are trained in speaking and can increase students' speaking skills
Predicting multi-predator risk to elk (Cervus canadensis) using scats: Are migrant elk exposed to different predation risk?
Authors: MacAulay Kara , Spilker Eric , Berg Jodi , Hebblewhite Mark , Merrill Evelyn
Published: May 2021

There is evidence that prey can perceive the risk of predation and alter
their behaviour in response, resulting in changes in spatial
distribution and potential fitness consequences. Previous approaches to
mapping predation risk quantify predator space use to estimate potential
predator-prey encounters, yet this approach does not account for
successful predator attacks resulting in prey mortality. An exception is
a prey kill-site, which reflects an encounter resulting in mortality,
but obtaining these data can be expensive and requires time to
accumulate adequate sample sizes. We illustrate an alternative approach
using predator scat locations and their contents to quantify spatial
predation risk for elk (Cervus canadensis) from multiple
predators in Alberta, Canada. We combined predictions of scat-based
resource selection functions for bears (Ursus arctos/U.
americanus), cougars (Puma concolor), coyotes (Canis
latrans), and wolves (C. lupus) based on scat-detection dog
surveys with predictions for the probability that a predator-specific
scat in a location contained elk. We evaluated our approach by comparing
predictions to a predation risk model developed from elk kill sites and
applied it to describing spatial patterns in predation risk that were
consistent with changes in the distribution of elk over the past decade.
We found a strong correlation between risk predicted by kill sites and
risk predicted by our approach (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). There
was a spatial pattern to predation risk, where elk that migrated east of
their winter range were exposed to highest risk from cougars,
non-migratory elk were exposed to high risk from wolves and bears, and
risk to elk that migrated west of their winter range into protected
areas was high only from bears. The patterns in predator risk were
consistent with changes in the migratory tactics in this population. The
scat-based approach we present permits broad-scale inferences on
predation risk for prey.
Molecular profiling of congenital glioblastoma using a next-generation sequencing panel
Authors: Corrêa Débora Cabral de Carvalho , Tesser-Gamba Francine , Silva Nasjla Saba da , Capellano Andrea Maria , Alves Maria Teresa de Seixas , Dastoli Patrícia Alessandra , Costa Marcos Devanir Silva da , Cavalheiro Sergio , Toledo Silvia Regina Caminada de
Published: May 2021

Background Congenital glioblastoma (cGBM), presenting
prenatally or within the first months of life, is among the rarest type
of congenital brain tumor, with approximately 120 cases reported. Due to
its infrequent occurrence, few studies have focused on the molecular and
genetic aspects of this tumor, and the mutational events involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of cGBM still remain poorly understood.
This study aimed to investigate molecular alterations, with a potential
prognostic marker and therapeutic target in cGBM using the
next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy. Methods We selected
seven tumor samples from patients diagnosed with cGBM and treated at
Pediatric Oncology Institute-GRAACC/UNIFESP. NGS was performed to
identify somatic genetic variants in tumor samples using the Oncomine
Childhood Cancer Research Assay panel, from
ThermoFisher Scientific, designed specifically for
pediatric neoplasms. Results Of all seven patients analyzed,
three patients exhibited tumors with genetic variants, which include two
pathogenic variants in NF1 and SUZ12 genes that have not
been reported in cGBM yet, an increase in the number of copies
of ALK gene, and two gene fusions, PPP1CB-ALK
and TPM3-NTRK1. Also, none of the cases showed variants
in H3F3A, TP53 and ATRX genes, alterations which
are frequently seen in pediatric and adolescent
GBM. Conclusions Our results suggest that cGBM may comprise a
unique tumor entity and alterations in ALK and NTRK genes
provide a potential target for therapy. Therefore, identification of
genetic variants in cGBM is highly relevant in order to define prognosis
and therapeutic strategies.
Fujita blow-up phenomena of solutions for a Dirichlet problem of parabolic equations with space-time coefficients
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Li Fengjie , Liu Bingchen
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with a homogeneous Dirichlet initial-boundary problem
of parabolic equations with different space-time coefficients, $$u_t
=\Delta u + t^{\sigma_1}
u^{\alpha} + \langle
x\rangle^{n} v^{p},\quad v_t
=\Delta v + \langle
x\rangle^{m} u^{q} +
t^{\sigma_2} v^{\beta},$$
where the eight exponents are nonnegative constants and
$\langle x\rangle$ is the Japanese
brackets. We obtain the Fujita exponents of solutions, which are
determined by the eight exponents and the dimension of the space domain.
Moreover, simultaneous or non-simultaneous blow-up of the two components
of blow-up solutions is discussed with or without conditions on the
initial data.
The therapeutic use of medical nicotine in narcolepsy
Authors: Diamandis Dr. Carolina , Makris Aleksandros
Published: May 2021

Nicotine is best known for its troublesome role in tobacco addiction. However, in small doses, it is actually quite a potent and safe stimulant. Based on significant reports about a positive role of nicotine on narcoleptic seizures, we searched the medical literature for signals to better understand the opportunities and risks of medical nicotine use in patients with any severe form of narcolepsy.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis - A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wiegers Hanke , Hamulyák Eva N. , Damhuis Stefanie E. , Duuren Jack R. , Murad Sarwa Darwish , Scheres Luuk J.J. , Gordijn Sanne , Leentjens Jenneke , Duvekot Johannes , Lauw Mandy N. , Hutten Barbara , Middeldorp Saskia , Ganzevoort Wessel
Published: May 2021

Objective: to evaluate current practice and outcomes of pregnancy in
women previously diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein
thrombosis, with and without concomitant portal hypertension. Design and
setting: multicentre retrospective cohort study between 2008-2021
Population: Women who conceived in the predefined period after the
diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis Methods
and main outcome measures: We collected data on diagnosis and clinical
features. The primary outcomes were maternal mortality and live birth
rate. Secondary outcomes included maternal, neonatal and obstetric
complications. Results: Forty-five women (12 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 33
portal vein thrombosis; 76 pregnancies) were included. Underlying
prothrombotic disorders were present in 23 of 45 women (51%).
Thirty-eight women (84%) received low-molecular-weight heparin during
pregnancy. Of 45 first pregnancies, 11 (24%) ended in pregnancy loss
and 34 (76%) resulted in live birth of which 27 at term age (79% of
live births and 60% of pregnancies). No maternal deaths were observed,
one woman developed pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and two women
(4%) had variceal bleeding requiring intervention. Conclusions: The
high number of term live births (79%) and lower than expected risk of
pregnancy-related maternal and neonatal morbidity in our cohort suggest
that Budd-Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis should not be
considered as an absolute contra-indication for pregnancy.
Individualized, nuanced counselling and a multidisciplinary pregnancy
surveillance approach are essential in this patient population.
Complicated postoperative course in isolated tricuspid valve surgery: looking for predictors
Authors: Sala Alessandra , Lorusso Roberto , Bargagna Marta , Ruggeri Stefania , Buzzatti Nicola , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Monaco Fabrizio , Agricola Eustachio , Giacomini Andrea , Carino Davide , Meneghin Roberta , Schiavi Davide , Lapenna Elisabetta , Denti Paolo , Blasio Andrea , Alfieri Ottavio , Castiglioni Alessandro , Bonis Michele De
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aims at better defining the profile of patients
with a complicated versus non-complicated postoperative course following
isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery to identify predictors of a
favourable/unfavourable hospital outcome. Methods: All patients treated
with isolated tricuspid surgery from March 1997-January 2020 at our
institution were retrospectively reviewed. Considering the complexity of
most of these patients, a regular postoperative course was arbitrarily
defined as a length-of-stay in intensive care unit <4 days
and/or postoperative length-of-stay <10days. Patients were
therefore divided accordingly in two groups. Results: 172 patients were
considered, among whom 97 (56.3%) had a regular (REG) and 75 (43.6%) a
non-regular (NEG) postoperative course. The latter had worse baseline
clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, with higher rate of
renal insufficiency, previous heart failure hospitalizations, cardiac
operations, and right ventricular dysfunction. NEG patients more
frequently needed tricuspid replacement and experienced a greater number
of complications (p<0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality
(13% vs 0%, p<0.001). The majority of these complications
were related to more advanced stage of the tricuspid disease. Among most
important predictors of a negative outcome univariate analysis
identified chronic kidney disease, ascites, previous right heart failure
hospitalizations, right ventricular dysfunction, previous cardiac
surgeries, TV replacement and higher MELD scores. At multivariate
analysis, liver enzymes and diuretics’ dose were predictors of
complicated postoperative course. Conclusions: In isolated TV surgery a
complicated postoperative course is observed in patients with more
advanced right heart failure and organ damage. Earlier surgical referral
is associated to excellent outcomes and should be recommended.