bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RBM5 Acts as Tumor Suppressor in Medulloblastoma through Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Yu Jianzhong , Ji Guangchun , Shi Wei , Zhao Rui , Shen Wenjun , Zheng Jicui , Li Hao , Jiang Fei
Published: July 2020

Introduction: RBM5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung and breast cancers; however, its role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB) remains unclear. We previously identified 4 RBM5 mutations in whole exome sequencing analysis of 40 MB patients. This study examined the role of RBM5 in MB progression. Methods: The expression patterns of RBM5 in tissues of 40 MB patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Associations between RBM5 expression and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The RBM5 role in Daoy cells’ proliferation, migration, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was analyzed after RBM5 knockdown and overexpression. Results: The expression level of RBM5 mRNA and protein was significantly lower in MB than that in adjacent normal control tissues, and low RBM5 expression was significantly associated with reduced OS (p = 0.034). RBM5 knockdown induced Daoy and ONS-76 cells proliferation, while RBM5 overexpression repressed cell proliferation and migration in vitro (all p < 0.05). β-Catenin, LEF1, and cyclin D1 mRNA levels were upregulated, while DKK1 expression was downregulated in Daoy cells following RBM5 knockdown. Conclusion: RBM5 may function as a tumor suppressor in MB by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and its reduced expression is associated with lower OS.
A Single-Center Case Series of Endoscopically Treated Aorto-Gastrointestinal Fistula after Endovascular Aortic Repair: Surgery Is Still the Only Valid Solution
Authors: Kubesch Alica , Waidmann Oliver , Blumenstein Irina , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Jung Michael , Albert Jörg , Hausmann Johannes
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a life-threatening complication associated with endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and occurs mostly in patients who undergo thoracic EVAR (TEVAR). To date, surgical treatment of AEF has been considered the most promising therapeutic approach. New endoscopic techniques could contribute to the therapy of AEF. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome after endoscopic treatment of EVAR-associated AEF. Methods: All patients who received endoscopic diagnostics and/or therapy for AEF after EVAR/TEVAR in our center between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. Results: Seven suitable patients were included. Six of them had undergone TEVAR and 1 had EVAR. Fistula occurred at an average of 307 days (range 21–2,774 days) post-EVAR. Endoscopic treatment was performed on 4 patients by using an over-the-scope clip (OTSC®). However, fistula recurred in all patients who were initially treated endoscopically. They were then treated either by sequential application of further OTSCs® or by implantation of a fully coated, self-expanding metal stent. One of these patients underwent a partial esophageal resection in a subsequent treatment approach. All patients died during the observational period, 5 as a direct consequence of the AEF/aortoduodenal fistula and 2 due to comorbidities. The median survival time after fistula occurrence was 120 days (range 5–823 days). Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment of AEF with OTSC® should be considered as a possible interim solution, especially in patients with severe comorbidities. However, surgical remediation still appears to be the only procedure with intermediate to long-term therapeutic success.
Circulatory CD4-Positive T-Lymphocyte Imbalance Mediated by Homocysteine-Induced AIM2 and NLRP1 Inflammasome Upregulation and Activation Is Associated with Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Wang Hao , Wei Guodong , Cheng Shuai , Wang Ding , Ma Ju , Xin Shijie
Published: July 2020

Introduction: CD4-positive T lymphocytes (CD4 cells) play a significant role in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, we know little about the role of the different CD4 subtypes. Objective: We aimed to discover the circulatory CD4 phenotypic marker profile and the roles of the newly found T helper cell 9 (Th9) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and that of inflammasomes in CD4 cells from AAA patients. Methods: We extracted CD4 cells from 30 AAA patients and 21 age-matched controls. Phenotype-specific transcription factors (TFs) and inflammasomes were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Results: Th17-, Th1-, Th9-, and Tfh-specific TFs and inflammasome components NLRP1 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 1), NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), PYCARD (apoptosis speck-like protein containing a CARD), and CASP1 (caspase 1) were upregulated, and T regulatory cell- and Th2-specific TFs were downregulated in the patients’ peripheral blood CD4 cells. Homocysteine was involved in Tfh and Th17 imbalance by AIM2 and NLRP1 inflammasome upregulation. Blood total cholesterol level correlated positively with NLRP1 expression, and blood low-density lipoprotein level correlated negatively with FOXP3 expression. Conclusions: Inflammasome-induced CD4 cell imbalance was involved in AAA. We thought that AAA might be a consequence of synergism between systemic immune imbalance and local autoimmunity.
Differences in Staff-Assessed Pain Behaviors among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents by Level of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Morrison Reynolds A. , Jesdale Bill M. , Dubé Catherine E. , Nunes Anthony P. , Bova Carol A. , Liu Shao-Hsien , Lapane Kate L.
Published: July 2020

Objective: Pain is common among nursing home residents with cognitive impairment and dementia. Pain is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, which may lead to adverse health outcomes. Nonverbal behaviors are valid indicators of pain, but the extent to which these behavioral expressions vary across levels of cognitive impairment is unknown. This study sought to examine differences in the prevalence of pain behaviors among nursing home residents with varying levels of cognitive impairment. Methods: The Minimum Data Set, version 3.0, was used to identify newly admitted nursing home residents with staff-assessed pain (2010–2016, n = 1,036,806). Staff-assessed pain behaviors included nonverbal sounds, vocal complaints, facial expressions, and protective body movements or postures over a 5-day look-back period for residents unable or unwilling to self-report pain. The Cognitive Function Scale was used to categorize residents as having no/mild, moderate, or severe cognitive impairment. Modified Poisson models provided adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CIs. Results: Compared to residents with no/mild cognitive impairments (any pain: 48.1%), residents with moderate cognitive impairment (any pain: 42.4%; aPR: 0.94 [95% CI 0.93–0.95]) and severe cognitive impairment (any pain: 38.4%; aPR: 0.86 [95% CI 0.85–0.88]) were less likely to have any pain behavior documented. Vocal pain behaviors were common (43.5% in residents with no/mild cognitive impairment), but less so in those with severe cognitive impairment (20.1%). Documentation of facial expressions and nonverbal pain behaviors was more frequent for residents with moderate and severe cognitive impairment than those with no/mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The prevalence of behaviors indicative of pain differs by level of cognitive impairment. Pain evaluation and management plays an important role in treatment and care outcomes. Future work should examine how practitioners’ perceptions of pain behaviors influence their ratings of pain intensity and treatment choices.
Associations between Self-Disorders and First-Rank Symptoms: An Empirical Study
Authors: Nordgaard Julie , Henriksen Mads Gram , Berge Jonas , Siersbæk Nilsson Lars
Published: July 2020

Background: The diagnostic weight of the first-rank symptoms was deemphasized in DSM-5 and a similar change is expected in ICD-11. This change was motivated by a lack of solid, empirical evidence of the diagnostic significance of first-rank symptoms for schizophrenia. Yet, it seems that Schneider’s original concept of first-rank symptoms was overly simplified when it was introduced in DSM-III. Specifically, it was overlooked that first-rank symptoms, in Schneider’s understanding, fundamentally involve a disorder of the self. The aim here is to empirically test Schneider’s claim that first-rank symptoms involve self-disorders. Methods: In a modified, cross-sectional study of 98 first-admission patients, the relation between lifetime presence of first-rank symptoms and self-disorders was examined. Self-disorders were examined with the EASE (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experiences). Results: We found an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI 1.10–2.21) for having first-rank symptoms for each 5-point increase in the EASE (measuring self-disorder) using a generalized linear mixed model regression. We did not find first-rank symptoms in the absence of self-disorders. Conclusion: The close relation between first-rank symptoms and self-disorders seems to support Schneider’s original concept of first-rank symptoms. We suggest that first-rank symptoms occurring without the pervasively altered self-experiences might not be different from other psychotic phenomena in terms of their diagnostic significance. Awareness of self-disorders can help clinicians in assessing and detecting first-rank symptoms.
What Have We Learned from the European Society of Cardiology 2019 Guidelines on Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Babayiğit Erdi , Ulus Taner , Görenek Bülent
Published: July 2020

Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) are common arrhythmic conditions in clinical practice. Increased knowledge and experience on SVTs and some unclear situations in clinical practice led the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) team to write a new guideline. In this review, we touch upon the important points in the new ESC 2019 SVT guidelines and present changing approaches and suggestions. By providing a general review on SVTs, we also mention the basic mechanism, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of SVTs, approaching narrow and wide QRS tachycardias, SVTs in special patient groups, and treatment of SVTs.
Effect of Testosterone Treatment for Delayed Puberty in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Lee Samantha Lai-Ka , Lim Angelina , Munns Craig , Simm Peter J. , Zacharin Margaret
Published: July 2020

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pubertal induction with testosterone on bone health, body composition, and motor function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) receiving long-term glucocorticoid. Study Design: A retrospective, observational, pre-post study investigating the impact of testosterone therapy on bone mass accrual, vertebral fracture incidence, body composition, motor function, and quality of life in boys with DMD. All those boys aged ≥14 years, on chronic steroid therapy, who had delayed puberty, and were receiving oral testosterone or oral and then transitioned to intramuscular testosterone, to complete virilization, were included. Prior/concomitant zoledronic acid use was included. The primary outcome was lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (BMD LS). Results: Puberty was induced, using oral testosterone undecanoate in 16 individuals, 10 of whom had transited to intramuscular testosterone at time of assessment. Median age at testosterone onset was 14.5 years (range 14–17.7). Median duration of testosterone therapy was 2.5 years (range 1.0–4.5). There was statistically significant increase in median BMD LS (0.523–0.700, p < 0.001) and median annualized percentage change of BMD LS (–1.34 to +10.08%, p < 0.001), with median Tanner stage 4 at evaluation (range 2–4). Ten of 14 assessed had no progression in vertebral fractures. Fat mass index (FMI) standard deviation score (SDS), lean body mass index (LBMI) SDS, and percentage change of FMI and LBMI were statistically unchanged. Cardiac function remained stable. Motor function in non-ambulatory individuals with Egen Klassifikation scores improved in 7 of 8. Conclusion: Testosterone for delayed puberty acted as an adjunct to bisphosphonates to increase bone density and stabilize vertebral fracture in most boys with DMD.
Analysis of the Rate and Pattern of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection and Ventricular Catheter Culture Yield: A 10-Year Single-Institute Experience
Authors: Al-Shudifat Abdulrahman , Alsabbagh Qussay , Al-Matour Bashar , Alkhlaifat Ahmad , Suleiman Dana , Jumaah Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Aim: We aimed to study the rate and pattern of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infections at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) over 10 years and investigate the yield of ventricular catheter tip culture in the evaluation of shunt infection. Patients and Methods: All patients operated on at our institution for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion, reinsertion, and revision between 2009 and 2018 were included. Data (age, gender, pathology, and history of shunt infection) were collected from patients’ files. Rates of infection and results of culture (cerebrospinal fluid and ventricular catheter tip) were obtained from laboratory records. Results: According to our hospital database, 310 patients were eligible for this study. The rate of infection was 11.1% per ventriculoperitoneal procedure, and the most common ­organism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) which was the cause of infection in 51.4% of the cases. Twenty-one percent of proved shunt infection cases showed a positive ventricular catheter tip culture. Conclusion: The rate and pattern of shunt infections at our institution are comparable with the international figures and data. Methods of catheter tip culturing should be improved to increase the yield of this practice.
The Power of EEG to Predict Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline to Dementia
Authors: Engedal Knut , Barca Maria Lage , Høgh Peter , Bo Andersen Birgitte , Winther Dombernowsky Nanna , Naik Mala , Gudmundsson Thorkell Eli , Øksengaard Anne-Rita , Wahlund Lars-Olof , Snaedal Jon
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine if quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) using the statistical pattern recognition (SPR) method could predict conversion to dementia in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: From 5 Nordic memory clinics, we included 47 SCD patients, 99 MCI patients, and 67 healthy controls. EEGs analyzed with the SPR method together with clinical data recorded at baseline were evaluated. The patients were followed up for a mean of 62.5 (SD 17.6) months and reexamined. Results: Of 200 participants with valid clinical information, 70 had converted to dementia, and 52 had developed Alzheimer’s disease. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the EEG results as defined by a dementia index (DI) ranging from 0 to 100 revealed that the area under the curve was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85), corresponding to a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 69%, and accuracy of 69%. A logistic regression analysis showed that by adding results of a cognitive test at baseline to the EEG DI, accuracy could improve. Conclusion: We conclude that applying qEEG using the automated SPR method can be helpful in identifying patients with SCD and MCI that have a high risk of converting to dementia over a 5-year period. As the discriminant power of the method is of moderate degree, it should be used in addition to routine diagnostic methods.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intraplaque Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis
Authors: Perrotta Paola , Pintelon Isabel , de Vries Margreet R. , Quax Paul H.A. , Timmermans Jean-Pierre , De Meyer Guido R.Y. , Martinet Wim
Published: July 2020

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intraplaque (IP) neovascularization promotes atherosclerotic plaque growth, destabilization, and rupture. However, pharmacological inhibition of IP neovascularization remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of animal models that develop IP neovessels and the lack of reliable methods for visualizing IP angiogenesis. Here, we applied 3D confocal microscopy with an optimized tissue-clearing process, immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs, to visualize IP neovessels in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice carrying a heterozygous mutation (C1039+/−) in the fibrillin-1 gene. Unlike regular ApoE−/− mice, this mouse model is characterized by the presence of advanced plaques with evident IP neovascularization. Plaques were stained with antibodies against endothelial marker CD31 for 3 days, followed by incubation with fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. Subsequent tissue clearing with dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol, DCM, and dibenzyl ether allowed easy visualization and 3D reconstruction of the IP vascular network while plaque morphology remained intact.
Assessment of Occult Pulmonary Involvement in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gupta Sudhir J. , Gupta Vineet L. , Kothari Harit G. , Samarth Amol R. , Gaikwad Nitin R. , Parmar Sahil M.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Nearly 50% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience at least one extraintestinal manifestation. Bronchopulmonary involvement is rare in IBD. Pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormality in cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported to be 17–55%. Occult pulmonary disease may be diagnosed using variables of the PFT. Hence, we aim to evaluate the frequency and type of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with UC in remission. Methods: Eighty-three patients of UC in remission and 48 controls underwent the PFT including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), Tiffeneau value (FEV1/FVC), and midexpiratory flow (MEF 25–75%) rate with a spirometer. The patients were divided based on the age of onset of UC into A1 (<16 years), A2 (16–40 years), and A3 (>40 years) and based on the extent of disease into E1 (proctitis), E2 (left-sided colitis), and E3 (extensive colitis). Results: Patients with UC had significantly abnormal PFT compared with controls (51 [61.5%] vss. 8 [16.67%]; p = 0.000). Patients with UC commonly had a restrictive pattern (33 [64.47%]) of PFT followed by small airway disease (11 [21.56%]) and obstructive pattern (7 [13.72%]). Pulmonary involvement in cases of UC was more in E3 followed by E2 and E1. Pulmonary involvement was more in the late age of onset of disease. BMI was positively and significantly correlated with FEV1 and FVC. Hemoglobin had a positive and significant correlation with FEV1 while a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC and MEF 25–75%. All predictors except for age were found to contribute in higher risk (OR > 1) for PFT abnormality. Conclusion: Patients with UC have chronic pulmonary inflammation leading to different patterns of lung involvement in the form of restrictive, obstructive airway, and small airway disease. Patients with UC commonly have a restrictive pattern of pulmonary involvement. Impairment of the PFT is related to the disease extent and the age of onset of disease. Assessment of the PFT using a spirometer is a noninvasive, simple, cost-effective, and reliable method for early detection of occult pulmonary involvement in patients of UC.
COVID-19 Infection and Neurological Complications: Present Findings and Future Predictions
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Feigin Valery , Caso Valeria , Santalucia Paola , Logroscino Giancarlo
Published: July 2020

The present outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, an influenza virus with neurotropic potential, presents with neurological manifestations in a large proportion of the affected individuals. Disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system are all present, while stroke, ataxia, seizures, and depressed level of consciousness are more common in severely affected patients. People with these severe complications are most likely elderly with medical comorbidities, especially hypertension and other vascular risk factors. However, postinfectious complications are also expected. Neurological disorders as sequelae of influenza viruses have been repeatedly documented in the past and include symptoms, signs, and diseases occurring during the acute phase and, not rarely, during follow-up. Postinfectious neurological complications are the result of the activation of immune mechanisms and can explain the insurgence of immune-mediated diseases, including the Guillain-Barré syndrome and other diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that in the past occurred as complications of viral infections and occasionally with vaccines. For these reasons, the present outbreak calls for the introduction of surveillance systems to monitor changes in the frequency of several immune-mediated neurological diseases. These changes will determine a reorganization of the measures apt to describe the interaction between the virus, the environment, and the host in areas of different dimensions, from local communities to regions with several millions of inhabitants. The public health system, mainly primary care, needs to be strengthened to ensure that research and development efforts are directed toward right needs and directions. To cope with the present pandemic, better collaboration is required between international organizations along with more research funding, and tools in order to detect, treat, and prevent future epidemics.
Fraseologia com léxico tabu: uma análise contrastiva em corpus paralelo espanhol/português de legendas de filmes argentinos
Authors: Novodvorski Ariel , Lima Fernanda Ravazzi
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e investigar os diferentes tipos de fraseologismos em torno do vocábulo tabu cagar, presente em filmes argentinos, e analisar como foram realizadas suas respectivas traduções ao português brasileiro, num corpus paralelo de legendas alternativas. Nosso corpus de estudo é composto por cinco filmes argentinos, em que prevalece o espanhol rio-platense. A metodologia adotada segue os pressupostos da Linguística de Corpus para a compilação e análise do corpus, com suporte da fundamentação teórica existente na área de Fraseologia e dos Estudos da Tradução. Os resultados apontam para a produtividade de significações do vocábulo cagar e para a importância da consideração integrada de aspectos sintático-semânticos nas análises, essencial para a adequada percepção dos sentidos nos fraseologismos e sua consequente tradução.
Análisis de la construcción lo que es. Hacia una Gramática de la Aplicación
Authors: Gutiérrez Böhmer Sofía
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la construcción lo que es en casos como “pero lo que es tablados y Teatro de Verano, es muy poca gente la que sale”. Al momento de consultar la literatura sobre el tema, se ha encontrado un gran consenso en que dicha estructura es una perífrasis de relativo. Sin embargo, el análisis revela que lo que es se comporta como un marcador discursivo de concreción/ejemplificación. Si bien esta última hipótesis comparte muchos atributos con la de la perífrasis, entender que lo que es es un marcador describe, aunque de manera teórica, más adecuadamente el fenómeno para su ulterior aplicación en la enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Se ha repasado de manera crítica la literatura sobre el tema y se han expuesto argumentos que defienden la inclusión de lo que es en la categoría de los marcadores discursivos en general y de los marcadores de ejemplificación/concreción en particular.
O passado da língua no cinema: um estudo diacrônico do pretérito perfecto na variedade bonaerense
Authors: Araujo Leandro Silveira de , Coradi Laura De Oliveira
Published: July 2020

A carência de pesquisas centradas no estudo diacrônico do espanhol portenho e sobre a história dos usos do pretérito perfecto simple(PPS) e pretérito perfecto compuesto(PPC) na Argentina salientam a relevância deste estudo. A partir da comparação de filmes argentinos de dois momentos históricos, separados por um intervalo aproximado de sessenta anos – (a) 1958 (Rosaura a las diez) e (b) 2013 (Corazón de León) – observamos o uso do PPS e PPC e quais fatores poderiam estar por detrás de sua  variação. A seguinte pergunta auxiliou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: Qual é a diferença no uso do PPS e PPC nos dois cronoletos analisados? Verificamos que, apesar da predominância do uso da forma simples, a forma composta não está excluída do uso no espanhol argentino. Ademais, as duas formas assumem valores distintos dos entoados por manuais prescritivos da Língua Espanhola, ou seja, além do valor de passado absoluto, nota-se o uso do PPS com valor de antepresente. Igualmente, o PPC ocorreu no passado, com valor de passado absoluto, para além do uso com valor de antepresente.
Los conectores contraargumentativos y la enseñanza de español como lengua adicional
Authors: Esteve Cristina Corral
Published: July 2020

La enseñanza de los marcadores discursivos en las clases de español en Brasil continúa siendo un problema a pesar de todos los estudios realizados en las últimas décadas. El propósito de este trabajo es aportar un poco de luz a fin de  construir un puente entre la teoría y la práctica. Nuestro objetivo es presentar herramientas que nos permitan conocer más el grupo de los conectores contraargumentativos a partir de la propuesta de Garrido Rodríguez (2004), que los considera marcas de coherencia textual, señales de progresión argumentativa del discurso y guías para la interpretación del enunciado. Comenzaremos presentando los marcadores discursivos en general y los conectores contraargumentativos en particular a partir de la reflexión sobre sus características formales, las instrucciones semánticas que presentan y sus efectos contextuales (Martín Zorraquino y Portolés, 1999). Luego, hacemos una breve revisión bibliográfica de las principales investigaciones realizadas sobre el español. Finalmente, presentamos una tabla de cada conector del grupo de los contraargumentativos.
Construções pronominais: comparação entre a escrita de alunos bolivianos e a de alunos brasileiros
Authors: Robim Renie
Published: July 2020

Este artigo aproveita os resultados de estudos comparados entre o espanhol e o português brasileiro realizados a partir de diversos referenciais teóricos que têm em comum focalizarem o funcionamento dessas línguas. Apresentamos um estudo comparativo de produções textuais escritas por alunos bolivianos ou descendentes de primeira geração e por alunos brasileiros. Trabalhamos com uma amostra que contou com a participação de 100 informantes que produziram 200 textos. Todos os alunos eram estudantes da rede pública municipal de São Paulo e estão matriculados no ensino fundamental II ou médio. A pergunta da pesquisa buscou responder à seguinte indagação: em torno de quais construções que se encontram em variação no português brasileiro podemos localizar tendências que diferenciem, na escrita, os estudantes bolivianos ou filhos de bolivianos dos estudantes brasileiros que não têm contato com o espanhol no seu entorno familiar? Nas análises que realizamos aparecem como produtivas as construções pronominais em que o clítico não é objeto direto e nem indireto. Dentro dessas construções, duas modalidades apresentaram disparidades entre os dois grupos: (i) a diferença quantitativa na aparição do clítico “se”; e (ii) a diferença de frequência nas ocorrências para 2 verbos em seus usos pronominais: “perder-se” e “sentir-se”.
Representações do aluno de Letras/Espanhol sobre a língua espanhola
Authors: Santos Poliana De Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Este artigo analisa representações que alunos de Letras/Espanhol- PARFOR têm da língua espanhola, priorizando as mais recorrentes e suas implicações para a sua formação como futuros professores. Baseou-se no conceito de ideologia de Bakhtin (2009), que foi considerado como algo inerente às representações que surgem e/ou surgirão, uma vez que, quando se pensa, se enuncia dialogicamente. Além disso, considerou-se Moscovici (1978; 2005; 2009) e seus estudos sobre a representação social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir do corpus constituído por dizeres de cinco participantes, coletado através de entrevistas que foram gravadas e transcritas. Concluiu-se, que as representações de destaque na fala dos informantes ocorrem com base na atribuição de uma facilidade x dificuldade no processo de aquisição da língua espanhola, bem como em relação ao domínio linguístico comunicativo.
Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Forde Allana T. , Sims Mario , Muntner Paul , Lewis Tené , Onwuka Amanda , Moore Kari , Diez Roux Ana V.
Published: July 2020

African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension compared with other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this disparity is discrimination. Few studies have examined the association between discrimination and incidence of hypertension. We examined whether everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, and stress from discrimination were associated with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by gender, age, discrimination attribution, and coping responses to discrimination among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Discrimination was self-reported by 1845 African Americans aged 21 to 85 years without hypertension at baseline (2000–2004). Participants completed 2 follow-up study visits from 2005 to 2008 and 2009 to 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations of discrimination with incident hypertension. Overall, 52% (n=954) of the participants developed hypertension over the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, gender, socioeconomic status and hypertension risk factors, medium versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.18–1.89]), and high versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.07–1.68]) were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension. No statistically significant interactions with gender, age, attribution, or coping were present. Higher stress from lifetime discrimination was associated with higher hypertension risk after adjustment for demographics (hazard ratio for high versus low, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01–1.40]), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for hypertension risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.97–1.35]). Lifetime discrimination may increase the risk of hypertension in African Americans.
Notes on the genus Euastrum (Desmidiaceae) in Brazil, with description of a new species

Authors: COSTA FABIANA DE MATOS , RAMOS GERALDO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , OLIVEIRA IVANIA BATISTA , BICUDO CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS , MOURA CARLOS WALLACE DO NASCIMENTO
Published: July 2020

We report here seven interesting taxa of Euastrum from the periphytic material of three macrophyte species (Cabomba haynesii, Eichhornia azurea, and Utricularia foliosa) occurring in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil. Of those Euastrum taxa, E. westenii is new to science; E. bidentatum var. scottii, E. elegans var. prescottii, and E. informe var. oculatum were raised to the varietal level; E. ansatum var. concavum, E. ciastonii, and E. sibiricum had their geographic distributions enlarged to northeastern Brazil. Taxonomic notes and ecological information are provided for all taxa.
Taxonomy and diversity of Hydrozoa (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) of La Paz Bay, Gulf of California
Authors: MENDOZA-BECERRIL MARÍA A. , ESTRADA-GONZÁLEZ MARIAE C. , MAZARIEGOS-VILLARREAL ALEJANDRA , RESTREPO-AVENDAÑO LUISA , VILLAR-BELTRÁN ROGELIO D. , AGÜERO JOSÉ , CUNHA AMANDA F.
Published: July 2020

The Mexican Pacific has been the focus of several research expeditions, with 90 species of hydromedusae and more than 200 species of hydroids recorded for the region. However, only a few of these reports include taxonomic descriptions, hindering inferences of the phylogenetic relationships, species boundaries, and diversity of Hydrozoa in Mexican waters. In this study, we present detailed and illustrated descriptions of new records of hydromedusae and hydroids for La Paz Bay, Gulf of California. We found a total of 16 species comprising 15 genera, with three new records for the Gulf of California (polyps of Antennella secundaria, Bimeria vestita, and Ventromma halecioides), two new records for the Mexican Pacific (medusa of Clytia linearis, polyp of Halopteris violae), and we redescribe Obelia tenuis. We show that the diversity of Hydrozoa in the Mexican Pacific is likely underestimated, and we emphasize the importance of taxonomic and systematic studies of hydroids and hydromedusae in Mexico.
Introduction to “Methods Matter in Disaster Research”
Authors: Frailing Kelly , Van Brown Bethany
Published: July 2020

This article introduces the remaining articles in the issue and emphasizes their focus on disaster research methods.
Laparoscopic Double Cholecystectomy in a Pediatric Patient for Gallbladder Duplication
Authors: Bryant Mary K. , Marulanda Kathleen , Phillips Michael R.
Published: July 2020

Gall bladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly that can be identified clinically during the workup for gall bladder-related symptoms. This anatomic variation can complicate surgery, and yet there are few published reports of this variant causing symptoms in pediatric patients. This is a case of a 17-year-old female with a history of Arnold–Chiari malformation type I, presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Outside computed tomography reported a trilobed gall bladder, while magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a duplicated gall bladder. Endoscopic resonance cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a rare anatomic variant of duplicated gall bladder with an accessory right hepatic duct branching off the cystic duct. Due to complex anatomy, both indocyanine green and intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) were utilized for a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Only ERCP and IOC were able to clearly identify the aberrant right hepatic duct. Final pathology confirmed acute and chronic cholecystitis without dysplasia or cholelithiasis. This case highlights a rare anomaly of an aberrant right hepatic duct in the setting of gallbladder duplication in a pediatric patient. We would recommend both ERCP and IOC during the laparoscopic surgical approach as they were the only imaging modalities to identify the patient’s correct anatomy, likely due to the size of pediatric biliary structures.
Examining the Link between Drug Use Disorders and Crime among Chinese Drug Users Receiving Mandatory Detoxification and Treatment
Authors: Li Spencer D. , Zhao Ruohui , Zhang Hongwei
Published: July 2020

Prior research has generated inconsistent results about the relationship between drug use and crime. To improve on previous research, this study focuses on drug use disorders as a predictor of crime and offending behavior specifically related to drug use to measure the potential impact of drug abuse and dependence. Through the analysis of data collected from 930 male and female drug users receiving mandatory treatment in two drug detoxification centers in China, the current study finds that drug use disorders significantly predict drug-related crime. The results provide an empirical validation of the findings from the West that drug use disorders and crime are positively related.
Developing a Tool for Prospective Assessment of Treatment Appropriateness in Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Bredenkamp Nina , Afra Kevin , Chow Ivy , Lee Colin , Leung Vivian W. Y.
Published: July 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health. Antimicrobial stewardship programs need to identify inappropriate antibiotic use patterns and offer practical recommendations to prescribers and institutions. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common syndrome for which a standardized tool would be useful when treatment appropriateness is assessed. To date, few UTI treatment assessment tools have been published, and the available tools do not support appropriateness assessment against published guidelines, or consistent adjudication from one auditor to another. Objective: To develop a tool for auditing UTI antibiotic therapy that assesses treatment appropriateness based on guideline concordance, and with high inter-rater reliability. Methods: An audit tool was developed iteratively by the local antimicrobial stewardship team. Two auditors used the tool to adjudicate treatment appropriateness in a sample of UTI cases against local treatment guidelines. Inter-rater agreement was estimated with Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results: The final design of the tool had individual sections for evaluating five aspects of treatment appropriateness, depending on the stage at which a patient was in his or her course of antibiotic therapy: diagnosis, empiric therapy, culture-directed therapy, route of antimicrobial administration, and duration of therapy. A total of 50 cases were assessed; among these, the two auditors agreed on 45 cases (90% agreement). The estimated kappa was 0.8. Conclusion: A unique tool with substantial inter-rater agreement was developed for assessing appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy in UTI. The process and design features that were outlined can be adapted by other antimicrobial stewardship programs to monitor antimicrobial use and improve quality of care.
Effect of different filler reinforcement on poly-ether-ether-ketone based nanocomposites for bearing applications
Authors: Vinodhini Jennifer , Pitchan Mohan Kumar , Bhowmik Shantanu , Barandun Gion Andrea , Jousset Pierre
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the effect of dispersion of nanofiller reinforcement high performance polymer matrix to enhance the thermo-mechanical properties for bearing application. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix is reinforced with acid fucntionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( f-MWCNTs) and similar matrix was then reinforced with nano tungsten carbide (nano WC) to comparatively present their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. The Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding method followed by injection moulding technique. The PEEK/ f-MWCNT s nanocomposite exhibited better property enhancement than the PEEK/nano WC. Spectroscopical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of improved interfacial adhesion between PEEK and f-MWCNTs. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) micrograph depicted improved dispersion of f-MWCNTs in PEEK matrix than that of nano WC. Due to improved interfacial interaction between f-MWCNT s and PEEK, this resulting nanocomposite showed better mechanical, thermal and morphological properties than PEEK/nano WC. Due to ceramic nature of nano WC and higher density difference the agglomeration of particles occurred leading to lower properties.
Automated RVE computations for evaluation of microdamage initiation in structural stitched non-crimp fabric composites
Authors: Pierreux Gerrit , Hemelrijck Danny Van , Massart Thierry J
Published: July 2020

This contribution presents an approach to generate unit-cell models of structural stitched non-crimp fabric composites. Resin-rich regions and out-of-plane undulations caused by the stitching yarn are represented by initially straight discretised lines, while the stitching yarn is represented initially by a single discretised line which can be transformed into a multi-line configuration to model stitch cross-section variations. The discretised lines are shaped by geometrical operations with a contact treatment and boundary conditions being used to account, respectively, for line interactions and to control the shape of the bottom and top surfaces of each lamina respectively. A fiber-reinforced distorted zone with local variations in fiber volume fraction and fiber direction is modelled in cross-sections of the lamina in a post-processing step. Models for different stacking sequences and stitching parameters are then automatically generated and subsequently being in the stiffness calculation and damage initiation assessment using finite element based mechanical simulations.
Experimental investigation of cooling conditions, MWCNTs and mandrel diameter effects on the thermal residual stresses of multi-layered filament-wound composite pipes
Authors: Amir-Ahmadi Sara , Ghasemi Ahmad Reza
Published: July 2020

This study employs numerical and experimental approaches to analyze effects of various filament-winding parameters, including mandrel diameter and cooling conditions, on the process-induced thermal residual stresses of composite and nanocomposite pipes. Simultaneous effects of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the cooling conditions were also analyzed in detail. To accomplish this aim, a few composite and nanocomposite cylinders with various diameters in different cooling conditions were produced using filament-winding process and experimented. The incremental hole-drilling method using an integral inverse solution was employed for measuring the curing-induced residual stresses. The experimental findings confirm that using MWCNTs for reinforcing the matrix, choosing a slow cooling condition, and increasing the diameter generate less residual stresses during the process. Moreover, this study clearly showed that the addition of MWCNTs decreases the sensitivity of the structure to the effects of cooling conditions during the curing process. Therefore, finding optimum amounts of MWCNTs and cooling rate leads to the minimum cost of fabrication.
Damage sensing in multi-functional glass fiber composites under mode-I fracture loading
Authors: O’Donnell Jacob , Chalivendra Vijaya , Hall Asha , Kim Yong
Published: July 2020

A detailed experimental study is performed for piezo resistance damage sensing on conductive glass fiber/epoxy composites under mode-I fracture conditions. The conductive composites are fabricated by homogeneously dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the epoxy matrix and electro-flocking short carbon fibers onto the laminates along with a vacuum infusion process. A parametric study is done on the in-situ damage sensing properties by varying the carbon fiber lengths (150 µm and 350 µm) and the carbon fiber areal densities (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 fibers/mm2). The change in resistance is captured with a four-point probe measuring methodology by measuring the resistance through the thickness of the composite. The crack initiation toughness value of the composites containing carbon fibers showed improvement over control composites. Composites containing 350 µm length carbon fibers and 2000 fiber/mm2 not only showed the best crack initiation toughness but also provided sensitive network for detecting crack growth.
In This Moment, We Are All Dr. Rieux: COVID-19, Existential Anxiety, and the Absurd Hero
Authors: Farr Paddy
Published: July 2020

With the COVID-19 pandemic, clients and therapists alike are apt to experience an increase in existential anxiety. Irvin Yalom formulates existential anxiety as the result of a confrontation with the givens of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. As a formulation for COVID-19 pandemic anxiety, Yalom’s formulation provides a means to grasp the existential crisis facing the individual wherein the ability to cope with anxiety and despair is overwhelmed. As a prophylactic for the paralyzing existential terror and despair faced through the existential threat of COVID-19, Albert Camus’ concepts of the absurd and the absurd hero are developed as a means to embrace the absurd and tragic character of the COVID-19 pandemic. The absurd and tragic heroes Sisyphus and Dr. Bernard Rieux become role models for the pandemic therapist.
A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Training Module Designed to Improve Hospice Palliative Care Volunteers’ Ability to Deal With Unusual End-of-Life Phenomena
Authors: Claxton-Oldfield Stephen , Hicks Robert , Claxton-Oldfield Jane
Published: July 2020

The need for training to help healthcare professionals and hospice palliative care volunteers deal with unusual experiences at or around the end of a person’s life is an oft-repeated theme in the scientific literature. A pilot study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a training module designed to improve volunteers’ ability to recognize, understand, and respond to unusual end-of-life phenomena (EOLP) in their work with dying patients and their families. Twenty-four volunteers from two community-based hospice palliative care programs completed the 25-item Coping with Unusual End-of-Life Experiences Scale (CUEES) prior to and immediately after attending a lecture and PowerPoint training module. A series of paired samples t tests revealed significant pre- and post-training differences on 14 items, suggesting that volunteers felt more knowledgeable about EOLP, better prepared to deal with EOLP, and more comfortable talking about EOLP with others following the training. The need for additional data is discussed.
Are innovative ready to use therapeutic foods more effective, accessible and cost-efficient than conventional formulations? A review
Authors: Clark Lisa F.
Published: July 2020

Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) are used in international food assistance strategies as a safe and effective way of treating children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Though the peanut-based formulation has a proven track record in terms of efficacy in treating SAM around the world, the conventional formulation is not without challenges. Concerns regarding cost, the availability of local ingredients, the presence of aflatoxin, shifting global supply patterns, and dietary appropriateness of the peanut-based RUTF have encouraged researchers to experiment with other lipid sources in formulations. This shift requires not only changes to RUTF formulations, but also changes to supply chain activities. The goal of this review is to first, provide an update on the efficacy of recently trialed non-peanut RUTF formulations in treating SAM in infants and children and second, to review recent UN agency led interventions into local/regional RUTF supply chains and programmatic capacity. Based on published documents (2017–2019), this review flags three significant issues requiring further attention from the international food assistance community: the need for follow-up studies of children treated for SAM with RUTFs in programmatic countries, a regional customization of Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) protocols to maximize cost effectiveness and programmatic coverage, and an increase in the number of studies focusing on the acceptability of non-peanut RUTF formulations by the infants and children in low and medium income countries.
A topology optimization method of robot lightweight design based on the finite element model of assembly and its applications
Authors: Sha Liansen , Lin Andi , Zhao Xinqiao , Kuang Shaolong
Published: July 2020

Topology optimization is a widely used lightweight design method for structural design of the collaborative robot. In this article, a topology optimization method for the robot lightweight design is proposed based on finite element analysis of the assembly so as to get the minimized weight and to avoid the stress analysis distortion phenomenon that compared the conventional topology optimization method by adding equivalent confining forces at the analyzed part’s boundary. For this method, the stress and deformation of the robot’s parts are calculated based on the finite element analysis of the assembly model. Then, the structure of the parts is redesigned with the goal of minimized mass and the constraint of maximum displacement of the robot’s end by topology optimization. The proposed method has the advantages of a better lightweight effect compared with the conventional one, which is demonstrated by a simple two-linkage robot lightweight design. Finally, the method is applied on a 5 degree of freedom upper-limb exoskeleton robot for lightweight design. Results show that there is a 10.4% reduction of the mass compared with the conventional method.