bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate loading of multiple splinted implants via complete digital workflow: A pilot clinical study with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Jiang Xi , Lin Ye , Cui Hong Y. , Di Ping
Published: April 2019

Background

Complete digital workflow attracts more attention in implant dentistry.

Objectives

To explore the feasibility and short‐term clinical results of immediate loading of multiple implants with fixed temporary bridges (2‐4 teeth span) by complete digital workflow, and to evaluate the three‐dimensional (3D) deviation of digital impression comparing with traditional impression method.

Material and Methods

A total of 31 partial edentulous patients (16 females and 15 males) were recruited in this study. Digital impressions were taken immediately after implant placement, and implant‐supported splinted temporary bridges were fabricated through a full digital approach (model free) and delivered within 24 hours. Final restorations were finished 4 months after surgery via traditional impression technique. Subjects were followed 1 year after treatment. 3D impression deviations were analyzed by comparing the digital and conventional impression methods. Time costs for the full digital approach were recorded. Implant survival rate, marginal bone levels were evaluated.

Results

All the recruited subjects finished this study. Seventy‐four implants were surgically placed and immediately loaded with 34 temporary bridges fabricated through a full digital approach. Digital impression deviation compared with traditional impression method was 27.43 ± 13.47 μm. Time costs for chair side and laboratory were 32.55 ± 4.73 and 69.30 ± 10.87 minutes, respectively. Marginal bone alterations were −1.58 mm and −1.69 mm at the time of 4 and 12 months after surgery. The implants had a survival rate of 100% at the 1‐year follow‐up time.

Conclusions

Immediate loading of multiple implants in partial edentulous (2‐4 teeth span) patients with full digital approach is clinically applicable. The 3D discrepancy between digital and traditional impression is within clinical acceptable range.
Cutaneous localization of plasmablastic multiple myeloma with heterotopic expression of CD3 and CD4: Skin involvement revealing systemic disease
Authors: Varricchio Silvia , Pagliuca Francesca , Travaglino Antonio , Gallo Lucia , Villa Maria R. , Mascolo Massimo
Published: April 2019

Plasmablastic multiple myeloma is an uncommon morphological variant of multiple myeloma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. Its differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma, a variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with frequent extranodal presentation, which usually affects immunosuppressed patients and is virtually indistinguishable from plasmablastic multiple myeloma on the basis of histology solely. Differential diagnosis relies on close clinical‐pathological correlation. Herein, the authors report a case of aggressive multiple myeloma occurring in a 48‐year‐old patient with pure plasmablastic morphology, expression of T‐cell markers CD3 and CD4, and cutaneous involvement as first presenting sign. Heterotopic expression of T‐cell markers has been described in literature for both plasmablastic multiple myeloma and plasmablastic lymphoma. The causative mechanisms underlying this aberrant phenotype have not yet been elucidated; nevertheless the possibility of this rare finding should be considered to avoid misinterpretations. Remarkably, despite occurring rarely, cutaneous involvement could be observed at an early stage or even be the first manifestation of disease in particularly aggressive forms of myeloma. As a consequence, the presence of cutaneous lesions should not favor a straightforward diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. The importance of a correct differential diagnosis lies in its therapeutical implications.
Rethinking Australia’s aid programme to Myanmar: Good governance and “informal constraints”
Authors: Roy Chiraag
Published: April 2019

Motivation

Discussions of good governance often highlight the definitional ambiguity associated with the concept. Recent scholarship on governance is beginning to emphasize the need for more context‐specific interpretations of good governance. Specifically, the literature draws on Douglass North’s institutional framework, but without paying enough attention to the role of “informal constraints.” This article seeks to address this gap by drawing on primary data.

Purpose

This article explores the dilemmas or the “informal constraints” facing actors in implementing governance aid, exploring this phenomenon through the case of Australia’s aid for good governance to Myanmar during 2012–2017. The principal question is: what are the informal constraints or dilemmas confronting actors when implementing governance aid?

Methods

The article is based on individual semi‐structured interviews with key informants based in Myanmar and Australia alongside analysis of government reports from development organizations working in Myanmar.

Findings

In Myanmar, the informal constraints facing actors include the inordinate role of the military in political life, the issue of decentralization and problematic nationalist discourses within the education system. This research also argues that Australia’s approach is deeply embedded in the same neoliberal ethos that prominent multilateral institutions have also followed, with little acknowledgement of the context‐specific informal constraints that actors confront when implementing governance aid in Myanmar.

Policy Implication

When discussing good governance, there is a need to recognize the informal constraints in implementing governance aid. In the case of Australia’s governance aid to Myanmar, little has been done to address or acknowledge the context‐specific challenges facing Myanmar’s quest for good governance.
Body condition helps to explain metabolic rate variation in wolf spiders
Authors: Uiterwaal Stella F. , DeLong John P.
Published: April 2019

1. Metabolism is the fundamental process that powers life. Understanding what drives metabolism is therefore critical to our understanding of the ecology and behaviour of organisms in nature.

2. Metabolic rate generally scales with body size according to a power law. However, considerable unexplained variation in metabolic rate remains after accounting for body mass with scaling functions.

3. We measured resting metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) of 227 field‐caught wolf spiders. Then, we tested for effects of body mass, species, and body condition on metabolic rate.

4. Metabolic rate scales with body mass to the 0.85 power in these wolf spiders, and there are metabolic rate differences between species. After accounting for these factors, residual variation in metabolic rate is related to spider body condition (abdomen:cephalothorax ratio). Spiders with better body condition consume more oxygen.

5. These results indicate that recent foraging history is an important determinant of metabolic rate, suggesting that although body mass and taxonomic identity are important, other factors can provide helpful insights into metabolic rate variation in ecological communities.
Climate change and variability impacts on grazing herds: Insights from a system dynamics approach for semi‐arid Australian rangelands
Authors: Godde Cecile , Dizyee Kanar , Ash Andrew , Thornton Philip , Sloat Lindsey , Roura Eugeni , Henderson Benjamin , Herrero Mario
Published: April 2019

Grazing livestock are an important source of food and income for millions of people worldwide. Changes in mean climate and increasing climate variability are affecting grasslands' carrying capacity, thus threatening the livelihood of millions of people as well as the health of grassland ecosystems. Compared with cropping systems, relatively little is known about the impact of such climatic changes on grasslands and livestock productivity and the adaptation responses available to farmers. In this study, we analysed the relationship between changes in mean precipitation, precipitation variability, farming practices and grazing cattle using a system dynamics approach for a semi‐arid Australian rangeland system. We found that forage production and animal stocking rates were significantly affected by drought intensities and durations as well as by long‐term climate trends. After a drought event, herd size recovery times ranged from years to decades in the absence of proactive restocking through animal purchases. Decreases in the annual precipitation means or increases in the interannual (year‐to‐year) and intra‐annual (month‐to‐month) precipitation variability, all reduced herd sizes. The contribution of farming practices versus climate effect on herd dynamics varied depending on the herd characteristics considered. Climate contributed the most to the variance in stocking rates, followed by forage productivity levels and feeding supplementation practices (with or without urea and molasses). While intensification strategies and favourable climates increased long‐term herd sizes, they also resulted in larger reductions in animal numbers during droughts and raised total enteric methane emissions. In the face of future climate trends, the grazing sector will need to increase its adaptability. Understanding which farming strategies can be beneficial, where, and when, as well as the enabling mechanisms required to implement them, will be critical for effectively improving rangelands and the livelihoods of pastoralists worldwide.
Diana and Juno Destroyed: Statues and Pagan Deities in twoMeisterliederby Hans Sachs
Authors: Beringer Alison
Published: April 2019

This essay analyzes two of Hans Sachs'sMeisterliederwhich treat ancient tales of a statue and its destruction. Both unpublished, these songs have not received scholarly attention, and yet their subject matter gains a particular resonance against the background of the early modern debate in German regions on images and their proper function. Drawing on a distinction made in ancient Greek between aneikōnand aneidōlon, the essay explores how the songs depict different attitudes towards statuary: what a statue is, what it claims to represent, and how its representational strategies can fail or be foiled. Through comparison with Sachs's purported source, the German mythographer Johannes Herold's work, this essay posits that both songs suggest that iconoclasm can be an appropriate response to statues.
Relocating the Text: Mosaik and the Invention of a German East German Comics Tradition
Authors: Benjamin John D.
Published: April 2019

At the height of the international anti‐comics debates of the mid‐1950s, East Germany began publishing the popular comic book Mosaik. Scholars argue that, despite its opposition to comics as a quintessentially American form, the state tolerated Mosaik to counter popular comics from the west and promote a socialist German identity in its readers. This article uses the example of the changes made to Mosaik's speech balloon text in 1962 to show further how the comic's creators intentionally invented an East German tradition and tapped into a national reading community in opposition to the international comics of the Federal Republic by locating the comic in the East German socio‐historical, political, and literary present. By creating a new Mosaik with its text below images, its creators were placing the work within an imagined cultural history stemming directly from the German Bildgeschichtentradition of the nineteenth century.
A middle Miocene post‐rift stress regime revealed by dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area, NE Japan
Authors: Haji Toshiki , Hosoi Jun , Yamaji Atsushi
Published: April 2019

Significant advances were made in the last century in the investigations of the Neogene stress history of the NE Japan arc. However, previous studies have failed to fully resolve middle Miocene post‐rift stress conditions owing to their assumption of Andersonian faulting and an inability to determine maximum and intermediate stress axes from dike orientations. We applied the latest methods of paleostress analysis in this study to igneous dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area of the NE Japan arc to elucidate post‐rift stress conditions. Stratigraphic constraints and U–Pb dating indicate that the doleritic and dacitic dikes were formed at 16–12 Ma and 15–12 Ma, respectively. Dolerite and dacite dikes yielded NW–SE extensional stresses with intermediate and low stress ratios, respectively. Mesoscale faults in the middle Miocene formations of the studied area indicated similar stresses. We suggest the sluggish deformations resulting in the dike intrusion and faulting in the normal‐faulting stress regime after the termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca. 15 Ma.
Absence of the β1 subunit of AMP‐activated protein kinase reduces myofibroblast infiltration of the kidneys in early diabetes
Authors: Choy Suet‐Wan , Fraser Scott A. , Katerelos Marina , Galic Sandra , Kemp Bruce E. , Mount Peter F. , Power David A.
Published: April 2019

Activation of the heterotrimeric energy‐sensing kinase AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to improve experimental diabetic kidney disease. We examined the effect of type 1 diabetes in wild‐type (WT) mice and mice lacking the β1 subunit of AMPK (AMPK β1−/− mice), which have reduced AMPK activity in kidneys and other organs. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and the animals followed up for 4 weeks. Hyperglycaemia was more severe in diabetic AMPK β1−/− mice, despite the absence of any difference in serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin. There was no change in AMPK activity in the kidneys of diabetic WT mice by AMPK activity assay, or phosphorylation of either the αT172 activation site on the α catalytic subunit of AMPK or the AMPK‐specific phosphosite S79 on acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Phosphorylation of the inhibitory αS485 site on the α subunit of AMPK was significantly increased in the WT diabetic mice compared to non‐diabetic controls. Despite increased plasma glucose levels in the diabetic AMPK β1−/− mice, there were fewer myofibroblasts in the kidneys compared to diabetic WT mice, as evidenced by reduced α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) protein by Western blot, mRNA by qRT‐PCR and fewer α‐SMA‐positive cells by immunohistochemical staining. Albuminuria was also reduced in the AMPK β1−/− mice. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, myofibroblasts were reduced in the kidneys of AMPK β1−/− diabetic mice compared to diabetic WT mice, despite increased circulating glucose, suggesting that AMPK can worsen renal fibrosis in type 1 diabetes.
Variety–compound–quality relationship of 12 sweet cherry varieties by HPLC‐chemometric analysis
Authors: Jia Chaoshuang , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Sun Yu gang , Wu Peng
Published: April 2019

In this study, 12 sweet cherry varieties grown in Shandong (China) were compared based on their quality indices and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints, along with chemometric discrimination by similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis. The established sample preparation and analysis methods represented a non‐targeted and practical approach with reasonably high sensitivity, precision, stability and reproducibility, providing comprehensive evaluation of the quality of sweet cherries while allowing the tentative classification of cherry varieties. The results revealed the variety‐dependent nature of the HPLC fingerprints of sweet cherries, and the fruit groupings according to their chemical composition (three groups based on phenolics, or four groups if organic acids were of main interest). All cherries were rich in organic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, anthocyanins, flavan‐3‐ols, flavonols and other flavonoids, with malic acid, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, p‐coumaroylquinic acid, neochlorogenic acid and rutin as the characteristic compounds (in the range of 0.57–1.80, 0.002–1.390, 0.370–3.083, 0.38–1.87 and 0.020–0.167 mg g−1 fruit fresh weight, respectively). While anthocyanin and flavonol patterns were useful for a varietal assignment of cherries, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside could represent a preliminary index for grouping similar cultivars and colours.
DNA methylation predicts immune gene expression in introduced house sparrows Passer domesticus
Authors: Kilvitis Holly J. , Schrey Aaron W. , Ragsdale Alexandria K. , Berrio Alejandro , Phelps Steve M. , Martin Lynn B.
Published: April 2019

Populations undergoing range expansions are often faced with novel selective pressures, and to cope with such challenges, populations must either adapt quickly or exhibit phenotypic plasticity. This latter option allows for rapid phenotypic adjustments and persistence in novel environments, and thus could be advantageous at range‐edges. Our previous research on house sparrows in Kenya – a site of ongoing range expansion – and a growing literature suggests that invasion success is facilitated by epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Previously, we found 1) differences in the expression of a microbial surveillance gene (i.e. Toll‐like receptor 4‐TLR4), and 2) extensive variation in genome‐wide DNA methylation among house sparrows across Kenya. Here, our goal was to investigate whether these two observations are related, specifically whether DNA methylation within a target sequence upstream of the TLR4 transcription start site is associated with variation in TLR4 expression. We found that DNA methylation in the aforementioned region was quite variable among individuals, and variation at one CpG site predicted differences in TLR4 expression. Moreover, we found genetic variation within the same sequence upstream of the TLR4 exon, but this variation did not predict TLR4 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between DNA methylation and the expression of an ecologically relevant trait in a range‐expanding vertebrate.
Fruit consumption in migratory passerines is limited by water ingestion rather than by body water balance
Authors: Domer Adi , Shochat Eyal , Ovadia Ofer , Sapir Nir
Published: April 2019

Many insectivorous passerines become frugivorous during migration. Because water may facilitate the digestion of dry fruits, some passerines may benefit from staging in stopover sites that offer access to drinking water. In autumn, water consumption by blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla staging in Israel was found to induce a shift from insectivory to frugivory. We tested two alternative hypotheses concerning the mechanism facilitating consumption of the relatively dry fruits which are common in this region: 1) water intake facilitates the passage of fruits within the digestive tract when these two resources are simultaneously ingested, and 2) improved body water balance allows the consumption and ingestion of large amounts of dry fruits. Blackcaps were subjected to five treatments that included temporal separation of water and fruit consumption, as well as subcutaneous water injection to maintain balanced body water in water‐deprived birds. Fruit consumption rate was measured daily. We found that only simultaneous provisioning of water and fruits significantly increased fruit consumption rate, implying that drinking water directly improves fruit digestion within the digestive system. Furthermore, the fuel deposition rate increased with increased fruit consumption rate. These results emphasize the importance of water availability for the ecology and conservation of migrating passerines.
Finding Common Ground? European Union and European Civil Society Framing of the Role of Trade in the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Holden Patrick
Published: April 2019

The debate on the Sustainable Development Goals framework offered a set piece for civil society organizations/CSOs to challenge institutions such as the EU. This article maps and analyzes how the EU's framing of trade policy in the SDGs related to that of European CSOs. The process is understood in terms of the interaction of different forms of ideational power. Key lines of contestation emerged over the question of constraining market forces. The lead EU institutions adopted some of the CSO's moral economy discourse but used various techniques to insulate trade policy from interventionist thought. They allocated a new range of responsibilities to developing countries, ignored numerous political issues and rejected calls for more regulatory global governance from CSOs and the European Parliament. To do so they were able to deploy a range of ideational and institutional powers. However, EU trade policy remains full of contradictions and potential ‘rhetoric traps’.
Investigation of new treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma: a combination of sorafenib with usnic acid
Authors: Yurdacan Beste , Egeli Unal , Guney Eskiler Gamze , Eryilmaz Isil Ezgi , Cecener Gulsah , Tunca Berrin
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Sorafenib (SOR) is an orally administered molecular targeted agent in the systemic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the partial response of SOR is limited due to its adverse side effect and high heterogeneity and resistant phenotype of HCC. In the current study, we investigated synergistic effects of SOR and usnic acid (UA) on HCC cell lines including HepG2 and SNU-449, and a normal cell line, HUVEC.

Methods

The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of combination therapy and SOR alone were analysed by WST-1 and Annexin V analysis, respectively. Furthermore, cell cycle, gene expression analysis of SOR-targeted kinases and acridine orange–ethidium bromide staining were also performed in combined treatments.

Key findings

Our results demonstrated that SOR and UA combination indicated a strong synergism in HCC cell lines and reduced SOR toxicity in HUVEC cells. Additionally, the combination treatment SOR and UA significantly induced much more apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 arrest through downregulation of SOR-targeted kinases.

Conclusions

Consequently, SOR and UA combination could be a new therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Over‐, Required, and Undereducation: Consequences on the Bottom Lines of Firms
Authors: Kampelmann Stephan , Mahy Benoît , Rycx François , Vermeylen Guillaume
Published: April 2019

We provide first evidence regarding the direct effect of over‐, required, and undereducation on the bottom lines of firms across work environments. We use detailed Belgian linked employer–employee panel data, rely on the methodological approach pioneered by Hellersteinet al. (1999), and estimate dynamic panel data models at the firm level. Our findings show an ‘inverted L’ profitability profile: undereducation is associated with lower profits, whereas higher levels of required and overeducation are correlated with positive economic rents of roughly the same magnitude. The size of these effects is amplified in firms experiencing economic uncertainty or operating in high‐tech/knowledge sectors.
British laughter and humor in the long 18th century
Authors: Zuroski Eugenia
Published: April 2019

This essay offers an overview of recent scholarship on British humor, satire, comedy, and laughter in the long 18th century. It focuses on scholarship that asks what provoked laughter in the 18th century, how the ethics and morals of laughter were gauged and contested, and what the political and social effects of laughter were, particularly in the context of cultural change and political crisis. Studies of laughter and humor demonstrate that 18th‐century British culture was, in many ways, not characterized by codes of politeness and sociability. Satiric laughter proved a potent but unpredictable political instrument, particularly in cases of anti‐religious humor, as likely to undermine or exceed humor's political objectives as it was to realize them. Laughter also generated new publics that wrested moral authority from traditional seats of power. Humor's effects were as multitudinous as the formal and rhetorical techniques it employed to generate feeling in readers and audiences, and the field has benefitted from a variety of methodologies and critical frameworks to explore its complex cultural and political functions.
Psychological outcomes of life story work for community‐dwelling seniors: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lai Claudia K. Y. , Chin Kenny C. W. , Zhang Yu , Chan Engle Angela
Published: April 2019

Background and objective

Life story work has a long tradition in the caring sciences and has been found to serve a number of psychological functions. The effects of life story work on the psychological well‐being of community‐dwelling older people were examined in this study.

Design and methods

For this randomised controlled trial, 244 community‐dwelling participants in 17 social centres run by a non‐governmental organisation were recruited. The participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 124) and control (n = 120) groups. Each member of the intervention group worked with a volunteer to prepare his/her life storybook, while those in the control group participated in a social program. Data were collected at baseline, immediately postintervention, and at three and six months postintervention. The outcomes included measures of life satisfaction, self‐esteem, general mental well‐being and depressive symptoms.

Results

No significant interaction effect was observed between the groups over time, except for an improvement in the general mental well‐being of the control group at three months postintervention.

Conclusions

A comparison of the findings in the literature showed that some positive results were reported for LSW studies conducted in nursing homes, whereas in community studies, the results were not always positive. Life story work for seniors in the community did not have the same positive outcomes as previously observed among nursing home residents. It is possible that the intervention had a greater effect on more deprived individuals. Community‐dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which apparently can lead to similar outcomes.

Implications for practice

Clinicians should not assume that similar interventions can have similar effects when delivered in a different setting. Community‐dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which can also promote psychological wellbeing similar to to the effects of activities related to life story work.
QTL mapping of improving forage maize starch degradability in European elite maize germplasm
Authors: Leng Pengfei , Ouzunova Milena , Landbeck Matthias , Wenzel Gerhard , Lübberstedt Thomas , Darnhofer Birte , Eder Joachim
Published: April 2019

Improving maize starch content is of great importance for both forage and grain yield. In this study, 13 starch degradability traits were analysed including percentage of the seedling area, floury endosperm, hard endosperm of total grain area, percentage of the floury endosperm surface and vitreousness ratio surface hard: floury endosperm surface, etc. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a biparental population of 309 doubled haploid lines based on field phenotyping at two locations. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 168 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, which covered 1508 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 9.0 cM. Close phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits, and were all statistically significant (p = 0.01) at two locations. Major QTL for more than two traits were detected, especially in two regions in bins 4.05–4.06 and 7.04–7.05, associated with 13 and 9 traits, respectively. This study contributes to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize starch degradability.
Affective picture processing: Alpha‐ and lower beta‐band desynchronization reflects emotional arousal
Authors: Schubring David , Schupp Harald T.
Published: April 2019

EEG power analysis is firmly established in the cognitive domain. This contrasts with emotional stimulus processing, which thus far has yielded a complex and ambiguous pattern of findings. To further advance understanding, the present study examined emotional stimulus processing in the context of task variations and baseline activity, which included several manipulation checks as well as internal replication of findings across conditions. Participants (N = 16) viewed erotic and romantic pictures, differing in stimulus arousal. Pictures were presented briefly (120 ms), and intertrial interval was systematically varied (~1 vs. ~8 s). In one condition, participants passively viewed the pictures, in the other, they performed an active picture categorization task. The processing of erotic compared to romantic images was associated with a decrease in power in the alpha and lower beta band in posterior and anterior sensor clusters between 600–1,000 ms poststimulus. The finding was robust and confirmed across conditions, different quantifications, and independent from baseline activity. Furthermore, key findings regarding explicit task effects as well as ERPs sensitive to emotional arousal were replicated. Results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that alpha‐ and lower beta‐band activity may reflect cortical activation associated with emotional stimulus significance.
Original sin in Marsilio Ficino's Platonic works
Authors: Curiello Gioacchino
Published: April 2019

Scholars generally agree that Marsilio Ficino neglects the issue of original sin in his theological works and never mentions it in his Platonic writings. My work will show that not only does Ficino refer to the doctrine of original sin but also that some of his passages make more sense if one were to relate them to this doctrine. I will argue that although Ficino knows the ecclesiastical teachings on the subject, principally via Aquinas (II), he goes beyond his sources and strives to frame them within his own theology. More specifically, to reconstruct Ficino's position, I will look for theological questions in his Platonic works along two perspectives: First, I will search for Biblical passages on original sin (III.1); and secondly, for references to baptism, that is the sacrament reputed to wash away original sin from the human soul (III.2). Next, I will study the role of original sin in Ficino's philosophical anthropology. In particular, I will analyse the relationship Ficino establishes between the Fall of the first parents and the embodiment of the soul and show that the latter is a consequence of the former (IV).
The Effects of Women Officeholders on Environmental Policy
Authors: Atchison Amy L. , Down Ian
Published: April 2019

Studies show that women and girls consistently demonstrate higher levels of concern for the environment than men and boys. Separately, research also indicates that women officeholders pay particular attention to the issues prioritized by their female constituents. Interestingly, despite the consistency of the gender gap in attitudes to environmental issues the literature has paid scant attention to the role of women officeholders in the adoption of environmental policy. The goal of this paper was to start to address that lacuna. Using pooled cross‐sectional time series analyses of environmental standards in 18 Western parliamentary democracies (1990–2012), our initial findings indicate women officeholders are associated with the adoption of higher environmental standards.
A New Type of (White) Provider: Shifting Masculinities in Mainstream Country Music from the 1980s to the 2010s
Authors: Leap Braden
Published: April 2019

Masculinities have been rearranged in rural communities across the United States over the last four decades in response to shifting socioeconomic conditions. However, whether and how rural masculinity has been redefined at the national level over this same time period has received less attention. This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of representations of masculinity in mainstream country music from the 1980s to the 2010s. Analyzing the lyrics from over 800 weeks of songs that topped the Billboard country music charts, I find that working‐class occupations and heterosexuality were relatively consistent components of representations of men across these decades. There were also two notable transformations. Depictions of providing shifted away from a traditional breadwinner toward men providing women with alcohol, transportation, and places to hook up. Masculinity and whiteness also became more closely linked. I argue that these rearranged intersections of gender, class, sexuality, and race enable the continued reproduction of gendered inequalities amid rural men’s worsening employment prospects. These results suggest shifting intersections of gender, class, sexuality, and race will inform how gendered inequalities are reproduced as socioeconomic conditions continue to transform in rural communities.
Fuera esas manos tintas en sangre. La poesía antiimperialista de Raúl González Tuñón
Authors: Alle María Fernanda
Published: April 2019

Este artículo revisa críticamente la producción de Raúl González Tuñón de las décadas del cincuenta y sesenta, a la luz de los programas de acción que, en el contexto de la Guerra Fría, formula el Partido Comunista. En esta dirección, se analizan, en primer lugar, los textos programáticos del autor, en los cuales explicita un proyecto literario para los países latinoamericanos, sometidos a la amenaza imperialista. A partir de los lineamientos de ese proyecto se leen, luego, los poemas del autor como una intervención ligada a las consignas partidarias de la defensa de la libertad cultural y la lucha por la paz.
Gusto, propiedad e intrusión. Algunos aspectos de la cultura de masas en tres cuentos de Silvina Ocampo (1959-1970)
Authors: Mascioto María De los Ángeles
Published: April 2019

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la relación entre propiedad, gusto y cultura de masas en tres relatos de Silvina Ocampo publicados en La Furia (1959) y Los días de la noche (1970). Propongo como hipótesis que, en estos tres cuentos, publicados durante el período postperonista, la cultura masiva se entromete en la vida privada de los personajes mediante la adquisición compulsiva y acumulativa de objetos kitsch, la repetición de frases hechas y clichés, el discurso de la prensa escrita o radiofónica y algunos tópicos pertenecientes a los géneros masivos.
Literatura y autoría en el cine mexicano
Authors: Castro Ricalde Maricruz
Published: April 2019

Las relaciones entre el cine mexicano y sus narradores, si bien fueron especialmente intensas durante la edad de oro, nunca dejaron de estar presentes. De ello da fe la continua existencia de obras literarias adaptadas, la relevancia de ciertos escritores que aportaban argumentos y se ofrecían como un ingrediente persuasivo para el público espectador. En este artículo deseo presentar, a través del análisis de algunos casos, la transformación de la figura del autor literario como elemento de atracción para la taquilla y las repercusiones de tales cambios.
Construcción de representaciones sociales del docente de lenguas extranjeras acerca de su ejercicio
Authors: Reyes Rincón Javier , Plata Peñafort Carolina
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo expone los resultados de un trabajo de investigación realizado en el grupo Lenguaje, Pedagogías y Cultura de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. A través de una metodología basada en el análisis del discurso (Fairclough, 2003; Reyes, 2011; Vasilachis, 1997; Wodak y Meyer, 2001), se concluye que las representaciones sociales de un grupo de aspirantes, estudiantes y egresados de la Licenciatura en Lenguas Modernas tienen efectos en la construcción de la categoría “docente” y en las actitudes frente a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Estas representaciones sociales se pueden organizar en dos etapas y se desplazan de un eje negativo a un eje positivo a medida que los estudiantes avanzan en su formación.
Educar entreteniendo:los problemas de salud de los personajes femeninos en la ficción TV española
Authors: Lacalle Charo , Gómez Morales Beatriz
Published: April 2019

El uso del entretenimiento en la comunicación mediática sobre salud viene siendo una estrategia habitual desde la década de los noventa; pero, aunque su eficacia ha sido reiteradamente probada, algunos estudiosos critican el sesgo de los mensajes y discuten sus beneficios. Esta investigación propone una metodología original que combina técnicas cuantitativas (SPSS) y aproximaciones cualitativas (socio-semiótica y script theory) para analizar la representación de la enfermedad, la discapacidad y el consumo de substancias tóxicas de los personajes femeninos de la ficción televisiva española. El análisis revela la ambivalencia entre la vocación didáctica de los relatos y la recurrencia de tópicos. Los resultados también muestran la escasa relevancia otorgada a la salud femenina ya la promoción de hábitos saludables.
Effect of ripple repetition rate on discrimination of ripple glide direction and the detection of brief tones in spectro-temporal ripple noise
Authors: Narne Vijaya Kumar , Antony Periannan Javahar , Baer Thomas , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: April 2019

The effect of temporal repetition rate R on the discrimination and internal representation of stimuli with spectro-temporal ripples was examined. Experiment 1 measured the highest ripple density D at which upward- and downward-gliding ripples could be discriminated. Thresholds varied only slightly for R from 2 to 8 Hz, with a median threshold just above 5 ripples/oct. The threshold decreased (worsened) when R was increased to 16 and 32 Hz, suggesting that the limited temporal resolution of the auditory system plays a role for these higher values of R. Experiment 2 explored the internal representation of stimuli with static and downward-gliding spectral ripples by measuring the detection threshold for a brief tone presented at a peak or a valley in the stimulus spectrum. Thresholds were generally higher when the signal was at a peak than when it was at a valley. The peak-valley difference tended to decrease with increasing D, and the variation of thresholds with D was greater for low R than for high R. The results suggest that the discrimination of spectro-temporal ripples is limited mainly by frequency resolution for lower ripple rates (up to 4–8 Hz) but temporal resolution plays a major role for higher rates.
Optical fiber bundles: Ultra-slim light field imaging probes
Authors: Orth A. , Ploschner M. , Wilson E. R. , Maksymov I. S. , Gibson B. C.
Published: April 2019

Light field microscopy through bare optical fiber bundles paves the way for depth-resolved fluorescence microendoscopy.
Viable and Total Bacterial Populations Undergo Equipment- and Time-Dependent Shifts during Milk Processing
Authors: Kable Mary E. , Srisengfa Yanin , Xue Zhengyao , Coates Laurynne C. , Marco Maria L.
Published: April 2019

Milk undergoes sustained contact with the built environment during processing into finished dairy products. This contact has the potential to influence the introduction, viability, and growth of microorganisms within the milk. Currently, the population dynamics of bacteria in milk undergoing processing are not well understood. Therefore, we measured for total and viable bacterial composition and cell numbers in milk over time and at different processing points in a cheese manufacturing facility in California. Our results provide new perspectives on the dramatic variations in microbial populations in milk during processing even over short amounts of time. Although some of the changes in the milk microbiota were predictable (e.g., reduced viable cell numbers after pasteurization), other findings could not be easily foreseen based on knowledge of bacteria contained in raw milk or when the equipment was last cleaned. This information is important for predicting and controlling microbial spoilage contaminants in dairy products.
Versatile Oxidase and Dehydrogenase Activities of Bacterial Pyranose 2-Oxidase Facilitate Redox Cycling with Manganese Peroxidase
In Vitro
Authors: Herzog Peter L. , Sützl Leander , Eisenhut Beate , Maresch Daniel , Haltrich Dietmar , Obinger Christian , Peterbauer Clemens K.
Published: April 2019

Establishment of a mechanistic synergism between pyranose oxidase and (manganese) peroxidases represents a vital step in the course of elucidating microbial lignin degradation. Here, the comprehensive characterization of a bacterial pyranose 2-oxidase from
Kitasatospora aureofaciens
is of particular interest for several reasons. First, the phylogenetic analysis of putative pyranose oxidase genes reveals a widespread occurrence of highly similar enzymes in bacteria. Still, there is only a single report on a bacterial pyranose oxidase, stressing the need of closing this gap in the scientific literature. In addition, the relatively small
K. aureofaciens
proteome supposedly supplies a limited set of enzymatic functions to realize lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Both enzyme and organism therefore present a viable model to study the mechanisms of bacterial lignin decomposition, elucidate physiologically relevant interactions with specialized peroxidases, and potentially realize biotechnological applications.
Structural Differences between the Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Core Protein in the Dimer and Capsid States Are Consistent with Entropic and Conformational Regulation of Assembly
Authors: Zhao Zhongchao , Wang Joseph Che-Yen , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Giovanni , Venkatakrishnan Balasubramanian , Asor Roi , Khaykelson Daniel , Raviv Uri , Zlotnick Adam
Published: April 2019

Virus capsids assemble spontaneously with surprisingly high fidelity. This requires strict geometry and a narrow range of association energies for these protein-protein interactions. It was hypothesized that requiring subunits to undergo a conformational change to become assembly active could regulate assembly by creating an energetic barrier and attenuating association. We found that woodchuck hepatitis virus capsid protein undergoes structural transitions between its dimeric and its 120-dimer capsid states. It is likely that the closely related hepatitis B virus capsid protein undergoes similar structural changes, which has implications for drug design. Regulation of assembly by structural transition may be a common mechanism for many viruses.
Attenuation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Eggs Results in Different Patterns of Genomic Variation across Multiple Replicates
Authors: Oade Michael S. , Keep Sarah , Freimanis Graham L. , Orton Richard J. , Britton Paul , Hammond John A. , Bickerton Erica
Published: April 2019

Infectious bronchitis remains a major problem in the global poultry industry, despite the existence of many different vaccines. IBV vaccines are currently developed by serial passage of a virulent strain on embryonated hen’s eggs until attenuation; however, little is known about the evolution of the viral population during the process of attenuation. High-throughput sequencing of four replicates of a serially egg-passaged IBV revealed a different pattern of genomic variation in each attenuated replicate and few consensus-level SNPs. This raises concerns that only a small number of genomic mutations are required to revert to a virulent phenotype, which may result in vaccine breakdown in the field. The observed hot spots of variation in the attenuated viruses have the potential to be used in the rational attenuation of virulent IBV for next-generation vaccine design.
Analysis of tobacco industry pricing strategies in 23 European Union countries using commercial pricing data
Authors: van Schalkwyk May C I , McKee Martin , Been Jasper V , Millett Christopher , Filippidis Filippos T
Published: April 2019

Background

The tobacco industry (TI) can act to undermine the impact of tobacco tax increases by adopting various pricing strategies. Little is known about strategies used across the European Union (EU), except for the UK.

Aim

To examine pricing strategies adopted by the TI in the EU, and whether they differ by cigarette price segment, or between manufactured and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes.

Methods

This is a longitudinal analysis of commercial pricing data for manufactured and RYO cigarettes from 23 EU countries in 2006–2017. Price and revenue trends were explored. Linear regression estimated the average annual change in revenue, and linear fixed-effects panel regression models were used to explore the association between changes in median revenue (net of tax and adjusted for inflation) and tax increases in different price segments of manufactured cigarettes.

Results

Over the 11-year period price gaps were observed in all countries. The average annual adjusted median net revenue per pack increased in 19 of 23 countries for manufactured and RYO cigarettes. A tax increase was associated with a significant decrease of −€0.09 in adjusted median net revenue per pack (95% CI −0.16 to −0.03) in the cheap cigarette price segment, while no change was detected in the expensive cigarette price segment (−€0.05, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.01).

Conclusion

Across the EU, pricing strategies adopted by the TI maintained or increased price gaps and retained cheaper tobacco products in the market, diminishing the impact of tobacco tax increases. Further strengthening of tobacco taxation policy is needed to maximise public health impact.
Environmental heterogeneity affects seasonal variation in thyroid hormone physiology of free-living arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii)
Authors: Williams Cory T. , Chmura Helen E. , Zhang Victor , Dillon Danielle , Wilsterman Kathryn , Barnes Brian M. , Buck C. Loren
Published: April 2019

Thyroid hormones (TH) are key regulators of metabolism that could play an important role in altering physiology and energy allocation across life-history stages. Here, we examine seasonal TH dynamics from 345 plasma samples collected from 134 free-living arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii (Richardson, 1825)) across three consecutive years (2014–2016). We also examine whether unbound levels of triiodothyronine (free T3) in plasma are correlated with total T3levels and total thyroxine (T4) levels, and whether fecal T3metabolite levels correlate with plasma TH levels. We found significant differences in plasma TH levels across stages of the annual cycle, but these differences were highly inconsistent across years. However, within a given time period, pregnant females had lower free T3levels compared with lactating females. We also found that although free T3was correlated with both total T3and total T4in plasma, fecal T3was not positively correlated with plasma TH levels. Given the lack of consistent differences across life-history stages, we suggest environmental heterogeneity may be the primary driver of TH dynamics, masking any potential endogenous seasonal rhythms in TH secretion. We urge caution in the use of fecal T3metabolites as a proxy for circulating levels and encourage further research to understand the observed discrepancy.
Pseudo colorization of electroluminescence images of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells for defect inspection
Authors: Lin Keh-Moh , Lin Horng-Horng , Dandage Harshad Kumar , Du Yi-Chun
Published: April 2019

Computer imaging of electroluminescence (EL) has been successfully applied to solar cell inspection in recent years, as EL image intensities reflect the efficiency levels and/or defects in sc-Si and mc-Si solar cells. In this paper, we propose a novel computational scheme for pseudo colorization of EL images to highlight defect regions in solar cells for human inspection. Specifically, given a template EL image and pseudo color labels on its defect regions, we impose the pseudo colors to other grayscale EL images, with respect to different defect types and image structures, by template feature clustering and pseudo color transferring. Our experiments show that the proposed approach indeed improves the readability of EL images and provides better visualization of solar cell defects.