bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevational variation of spider and insect communities in the Swedish mountains
Authors: Måsviken Johannes , Marquina Daniel , Norén Karin , Dalén Love , Dalerum Fredrik
Published: June 2023

Mountain topography gives rise to often dramatic climate‐driven elevation gradients in primary productivity, which can generate substantial biodiversity variation. Therefore, mountain areas may be particularly useful for evaluating the ecological consequences of climate change. Arthropods are the most diverse animal phylum, which play important roles in most ecosystems. However, despite their ecological importance, we have limited information on how arthropods vary along elevation gradients. We investigated how taxonomic richness, taxonomic composition, and spatial structuring of spider and insect communities varied along elevation gradients and among three geographic locations in a mountain region of northern Sweden. The locations provided a latitude gradient spanning approximately 3° (from 62° N to 65° N), but were otherwise selected to contain similar environmental characteristics. Taxonomic richness of both spiders and insects declined monotonically with increasing elevation, and there were limited differences between the geographic locations in such declines. Taxonomic composition varied with elevation for both taxonomic groups, but also differed among the three sites. Linyphiid spiders were more widely distributed along the elevation gradients than other spider taxa, whereas a broad taxonomic range of insects occurred over almost all elevations. We observed nested as well as modular spatial distributions of both spider and insect communities along the elevation gradients. While the modular patterns suggest that species turnover has generated distinct communities at different elevations, some generalist species were still widespread throughout large parts of the gradients. Our results point to smaller differences among geographic locations than among taxonomic groups in how taxonomic richness and community structuring varied with elevation. We interpret these results as support for taxonomically specific adaptations to environmental conditions being important for structuring arthropod communities. We also suggest that climate‐driven changes to arthropod communities in mountain environments may be regulated by two not mutually exclusive processes, one in which generalist species may become more dominant and shift their ranges upward and one in which high‐elevation specialists may go extinct because of increasingly fragmented habitats.
Foliar elementome and functional traits relationships identify tree species niche in French Guiana rainforests
Authors: Sardans Jordi , Llusià Joan , Ogaya Romà , Vallicrosa Helen , Filella Iolanda , Gargallo‐Garriga Albert , Peguero Guille , Van Langenhove Leandro , Verryckt Lore T. , Stahl Clément , Courtois Elodie A. , Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Tariq Akash , Zeng Fanjiang , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Wang Weiqi , Janssens Ivan A. , Peñuelas Josep
Published: June 2023

Biogeochemical niche (BN) hypothesis aims to relate species/genotype elemental composition with its niche based on the fact that different elements are involved differentially in distinct plant functions. We here test the BN hypothesis through the analysis of the 10 foliar elemental concentrations and 20 functional‐morphological of 60 tree species in a French Guiana tropical forest. We observed strong legacy (phylogenic + species) signals in the species‐specific foliar elemental composition (elementome) and, for the first time, provide empirical evidence for a relationship between species‐specific foliar elementome and functional traits. Our study thus supports the BN hypothesis and confirms the general niche segregation process through which the species‐specific use of bio‐elements drives the high levels of α‐diversity in this tropical forest. We show that the simple analysis of foliar elementomes may be used to test for BNs of co‐occurring species in highly diverse ecosystems, such as tropical rainforests. Although cause and effect mechanisms of leaf functional and morphological traits in species‐specific use of bio‐elements require confirmation, we posit the hypothesis that divergences in functional‐morphological niches and species‐specific biogeochemical use are likely to have co‐evolved.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of Sulfoxonium Ylides with Allyl Acetates: Generation of Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan‐2‐ones
Authors: Chi Wei , Liu Hao , Luo Yi , Dong Lin
Published: June 2023

A highly efficient Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed annulative coupling was developed for generating bicyclo[4.1.0] heptan‐2‐ones from sulfoxonium ylides and allyl acetates under mild conditions. This cascade reaction is versatile to construct cyclopropanes, and the starting materials are stable and easily obtainable.
Synthesis of an Octacyclic C60 Fragment
Authors: Yoshida Naruhiro , Akasaka Ryuhei , Imai Tomoya , Schramm Michael P. , Yamaoka Yousuke , Amaya Toru , Iwasawa Tetsuo
Published: June 2023

Fragments of buckminsterfullerene (C60) include the monumental three compounds corannulene, sumanene, and truxene. These three have served as leading molecules in ongoing research for curved, fused, and π‐extended polyaromatic materials. Achieving more structural variations that join the ranks of these three archetypes remains challenging. Herein we report synthesis of an octacyclic hydrocarbon that is an unexplored C60‐fragment, namely, a 4,11‐dihydrodiindeno[7,1,2‐ghi:7′,1′,2′‐pqr]chrysene (C28H16, which we named Metelykene). The key to success was solution‐compatible synthesis in which double pentagonal rings flank hexagonal ones. This solution‐phase approach, coupled with the resulting non‐planar π‐conjugation, is so straightforward that it offers an entry to a derivative such as a cardo aromatic monomer.
Chronic pain is no more prevalent in people living with HIV than in their uninfected counterparts in South Africa
Authors: Kamerman Peter R.
Published: June 2023

Background

There are few studies on chronic pain prevalence in people living with HIV, and there are no studies comparing chronic pain prevalence in an HIV‐infected group (HIV+) to that found in an uninfected group (HIV−) in the same population. This study was undertaken to (1) estimate the chronic pain prevalence in HIV+ individuals and (2) compare chronic pain prevalence between HIV+ and HIV− groups in a population.

Methods

Individuals ≥15 years old were recruited using multi‐stage probability sampling in the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. In an interview, participants were asked whether they currently had pain or discomfort, and if so, whether that pain or discomfort had persisted for at least 3 months (operational definition of chronic pain). Blood samples were taken from a volunteering sub‐sample for HIV testing.

Results

A total of 6584 of 12,717 eligible individuals answered the questionnaire and were tested for HIV. Mean age: 39.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.3–39.9), per cent female: 55% (95% CI: 52–56) and tested HIV+: 19% (95% CI: 17–20). The prevalence of chronic pain was 19% (95% CI: 16–23) in the HIV+ group, which was similar to that found in the HIV− group (20% [95% CI: 18–22]; odds ratio [adjusted for age, sex, socio‐economic status] = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.74–1.17], p‐value = 0.549).

Conclusion

The prevalence of chronic pain in South Africans living with HIV was approximately 20%, and having HIV was not associated with an increased risk of chronic pain.

Significance

Using data from a large, national, population‐based study in South Africa, I show for the first time that the prevalence of chronic pain in that population did not differ materially between the part of the population that was living with HIV compared with their uninfected counterparts (both approximately 20%). These findings run counter to the dogma that there is a greater risk of having pain in people living with HIV.
Environmental Concentrations of the Type 2 Diabetes Medication Metformin and Its Transformation Product Guanylurea in Surface Water and Sediment in Ontario and Quebec, Canada
Authors: Littlejohn Cameron , Renaud Justin B. , Sabourin Lyne , Lapen David R. , Pappas Jane J. , Tuteja Bindu , Hughes Dianne , Ussery Erin , Yeung Ken K.-C. , Sumarah Mark W.
Published: June 2023

Metformin, used to treat Type 2 diabetes, is the active ingredient of one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, with over 120 million yearly prescriptions globally. In wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), metformin can undergo microbial transformation to form the product guanylurea, which could have toxicological relevance in the environment. Surface water samples from 2018 to 2020 and sediment samples from 2020 were collected from six mixed-use watersheds in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, and analyzed to determine the metformin and guanylurea concentrations at each site. Metformin and guanylurea were present above their limits of quantification in 51.0% and 50.7% of all water samples and in 64% and 21% of all sediment samples, respectively. In surface water, guanylurea was often present at higher concentrations than metformin, while the inverse was true in sediment, with metformin frequently detected at higher concentrations than guanylurea. In addition, at all sites influenced solely by agriculture, concentrations of metformin and guanylurea were <1 µg/L in surface water, suggesting that agriculture is not a significant source of these compounds in the investigated watersheds. These data suggest that WWTPs and potentially septic system leaks are the most likely sources of the compounds in the environment. Guanylurea was detected at many of these sites above environmental concentrations of concern, where critical processes in fish may be affected. Due to the scarcity of available ecotoxicological data and the prominence of guanylurea across all sample sites, there is a need to perform more toxicological investigations of this transformation product and revisit regulations. The present study will help provide toxicologists with environmentally relevant concentration ranges in Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1709–1720. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Ginsenoside CK inhibits androgenetic alopecia by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin and p53 signaling pathways in AGA mice
Authors: Fang Chao , Yang Haixia , Zhu Chenhui , Fan Daidi , Deng Jianjun
Published: June 2023

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most common chronic skin diseases caused by the destruction of androgens in the body. It is caused by the excessive deposition of dihydrotestosterone around the hair follicle, resulting in hair follicle atrophy and hair cell apoptosis. It causes great anxiety and psychological distress to patients and affects sexual function in severe cases. As traditional Chinese herbs, ginsenosides have been proven to possess various pharmacological activities. Ginsenoside CK is one of the main ginsenosides, but its role and molecular mechanism in treating AGA remain unclear. Here, we found that ginsenoside CK intervention significantly reduced back hair loss in AGA mice, improved sexual organ damage and hair follicle cell apoptosis, and promoted hair growth in AGA mice. Ginsenoside CK treatment inhibited p53 expression, reduced the apoptosis of hair follicle cells induced by hormone deposition, activated the Wnt/β‐catenin cell proliferation signaling pathway, increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor, promoted cell proliferation, and improved the atrophy of hair follicle tissue. Ginsenoside CK treatment also reduced testosterone levels in AGA mice, improved testicular tissue inflammation, and restored normal hormone metabolism in AGA mice. Our results indicated that ginsenoside CK reduced hair follicle cell apoptosis, promoted proliferation and development, and prolonged the hair growth cycle by regulating the Wnt and p53 signaling pathways, indicating the potential value of ginsenoside CK as a natural therapeutic agent for AGA.
Soybean‐derived peptide protects against an E. coli‐induced sepsis in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Zhenzhen , Ren Zhengyu , Amakye William Kwame , Xu Yongzhao , Gao Li , Wang Min , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: June 2023

Sepsis is a life‐threatening condition that requires urgent medical attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of soybean‐derived peptides (soy peptides) as an anti‐inflammatory supplement for patients with sepsis. Cynomolgus monkeys were induced with sepsis by intravenous administration of three different concentrations of Escherichia coli (6.3 × 103, 6.3 × 105, and 6.3 × 107 CFU/kg). Changes in body weight and inflammatory markers were analyzed, and the high dose of 6.3 × 107 CFU/kg was found to be the most appropriate for sepsis modeling. Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was then used to release bioactive soy peptides from soy protein isolate, which were administered to monkeys with sepsis. The results showed that soy peptide supplementation significantly suppressed inflammatory responses and improved coagulation abnormalities in the monkeys. Our findings suggest that soy peptides could be an effective clinical nutritional supplement for patients with sepsis, with potential benefits for reducing inflammation and improving coagulation. These results provide a foundation for further research into the development of novel nutritional supplements for patients with sepsis.
Clinical and genomic characterization of an ATRA‐insensitive acute promyelocytic leukemia variant with a FNDC3B::RARB fusion
Authors: Kirkham Justin K. , Liu Yen‐Chun , Foy Scott G. , Ma Jing , Gheorghe Gabriela , Furtado Larissa V. , Popescu Marcela I. , Klco Jeffery M. , Karol Seth E. , Blackburn Patrick R.
Published: June 2023

The promyelocytic leukemia‐retinoic acid receptor‐α (PML::RARA) fusion is the hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and is observed in over 95% of APL cases. RARA and homologous receptors RARB and RARG are occasionally fused to other gene partners, which differentially affect sensitivity to targeted therapies. Most APLs without RARA fusions have rearrangements involving RARG or RARB, both of which frequently show resistance to all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or multiagent chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a 13‐year‐old male diagnosed with variant APL with a novel FNDC3B::RARB in‐frame fusion that showed no response to ATRA but responded well to conventional AML therapy. While FNDC3B has been identified as a rare RARA translocation partner in ATRA‐sensitive variant APL, it has never been reported as a fusion partner with RARB and it is only the second known fusion partner with RARB in variant APL. We also show that this novel fusion confers an RNA expression signature that is similar to APL, despite clinical resistance to ATRA monotherapy.
A novel STRN3::PRKD1 fusion in a cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland with high‐grade transformation
Authors: Owosho Adepitan A. , Baker Emily , Wood C. Burton , Jain Richa
Published: June 2023

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland (CASG) is a rare form of salivary gland neoplasm that mostly arises from minor salivary glands. We report a case of CASG with high‐grade transformation harboring a novel STRN3::PRKD1 fusion. A 59‐year‐old male presented with a palatal mass. Morphologically, the tumor consisted of two components: solid high‐grade and glandular low‐grade areas. The solid high‐grade area comprised solid nests of high‐grade carcinoma with central necrosis arranged in lobules delineated with prominent stromal septa. The glandular low‐grade area comprised of cribriform and microcystic architecture in a hyalinized and hypocellular stroma. Immunophenotypically, the tumor was positive for S100 but negative for p40 and actin. However, due to the high‐grade component, tissue was sent for salivary gland NGS fusion panel analysis to confirm the diagnosis. The current case illustrates high‐grade transformation in CASG. Furthermore, identification of a STRN3::PRKD1 fusion expands the genetic spectrum of CASG.
Expression and subcellular localization of mitochondrial docking protein, syntaphilin, in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin sheath
Authors: Nakamura Diane S. , Gothié Jean‐David M. , Kornfeld Samantha F. , Kothary Rashmi , Kennedy Timothy E.
Published: June 2023

Oligodendrocytes produce lipid‐rich myelin sheaths that provide metabolic support to the underlying axon and facilitate saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria supply the bulk of energy and carbon‐chain backbones required for lipid synthesis. The sparsity of mitochondria in the myelin sheath suggests that tight regulation of mitochondrial trafficking is crucial for their efficient distribution in the cell. In particular, retention of mitochondria at axoglial junctions would support local lipid synthesis and membrane remodeling during myelination. How mitochondrial docking in oligodendrocytes is regulated is not known. Our findings indicate that syntaphilin (SNPH), a mitochondrial docking protein that has been characterized in neurons, is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and present in the myelin sheath in vivo. We have previously reported that bath application of netrin‐1 promotes the elaboration of myelin basic protein‐positive membranes, and that localized presentation of a netrin‐1 coated microbead results in rapid accumulation of mitochondria at the site of oligodendrocyte‐bead adhesion. Here we show that netrin‐1 increases the redistribution of SNPH to oligodendrocyte processes during the expansion of myelin basic protein‐positive membranes and that SNPH clusters at the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane at sites of adhesion with netrin‐1‐coated beads where mitochondria are retained. These findings suggest roles for SNPH in oligodendrocytes regulating netrin‐1‐mediated mitochondrial docking and myelin membrane expansion.
Research on risk assessment model of subjective and objective integration in manual handling work
Authors: Ren Bin , Zhou Qinyu , Chen Jiayu
Published: June 2023

The main hazards in the process of manual handling work are triggered by human factors and ergonomics. This study is intended to implement a valid approach to quantitatively evaluate the risk level during manual handling work. A risk assessment model for manual handling workers was proposed based on subjective and objective correlation. A simulation experiment of manual handling process was developed and an ergonomics evaluation method was carried out. The 33‐point human joint model of BlazePose neural network and the Rapid Upper Limb Analysis (RULA) method were utilized to determine the risk posture and risk index of the manual handling workers. This study brought together hemodynamic parameters and the score of Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and Physical Resources Scale (PRS) to obtain the final comprehensive index of work risk. The results showed that the risk indexes from the three stages of the experiment obtained by RULA method were 3, 4, and 7. And the scores of comprehensive indexes obtained by the risk assessment model were 1.841, 1.900, and 1.987, suggesting that the evaluation model based on subjective and objective correlation had the same ability to determine the risk levels of different handling tasks. Therefore, the risk assessment model proposed in this study verified the effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation index integrating hemodynamic parameters and subjective evaluation scores.
Evaluating risk factors in relation to preschool social–emotional skills using a person‐centred approach
Authors: Farrell Carmen Brown , Gilpin Ansley T. , Thibodeau‐Nielsen Rachel , Taylor Samantha Lee
Published: June 2023

Few studies have utilised a person‐centred approach when it comes to understanding risk factors in young children. The present study uses this type of approach while examining risk factors in relation to social–emotional skills. Parent reports for 444 preschool‐aged children disclosed each child's exposure to eight different risk factors, as well as their social–emotional abilities. A latent class analysis was utilised to examine subgroups of risk, rather than using a cumulative approach, to see whether specific risk factors differentiated participants. Subgroup differences in distal social–emotional skills were then examined. The subgroup with systemic, economic and parent stress risk factors showed the lowest social–emotional abilities, in comparison to subgroups with only systemic or a combination of systemic and economic risks. These results suggest that addressing parent stress may be particularly relevant when considering children's social–emotional development. Implications for interventions and clinical practice are discussed.
Protecting pregnant women from climate disasters: Strategies in the aftermath of Pakistan's devastating flood
Authors: Zaigham Mehreen , Bryce‐Alberti Mayte , Campos Letícia Nunes , Forbes Callum , Naus Abbie E. , Pigeolet Manon , Hill Sarah K. , Sana Hamaiyal , Ehsan Anam N. , Samad Lubna , Uribe‐Leitz Tarsicio , McClain Craig D. , Juran Sabrina
Published: June 2023

Synopsis

Sudden‐onset climate events can have a significant impact on maternal health care systems, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where resources are limited. We outline strategic policies that can help anticipate and plan for such disasters and help minimize negative maternal outcomes.
Association of follicle‐stimulating hormone with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in Chinese women across the menopausal transition
Authors: Li Lin , Pi Yin‐Zhen , Zhang Hong , Dai Ru‐Chun , Yuan Ling‐Qing , Sheng Zhi‐Feng , Wu Xi‐Yu
Published: June 2023

Background

Elevated follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study investigated the association of serum FSH with bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy women undergoing menopausal transition.

Methods

A total of 487 healthy women (age 35–65 years, 50 ± 8.5 years) were enrolled in this study. Serum FSH, BTMs, and BMD at lumbar spine and total hip were measured in these subjects.

Results

Follicle‐stimulating hormone was positively correlated with various BTMs (r = 0.339–0.583, all p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lumbar spine and total hip BMD (r = −0.629 and −0.514, all p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and body mass index, the partial correlation coefficients of FSH with BTMs and BMD remained significant. Estimating from the regression equation, for every 10 IU/L increase in serum FSH, BTMs increased by 0.38–3.6 units, and BMD decreased by 0.03–0.05 g/cm2, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FSH was a positive factor for serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and N‐telopeptide of collagen type 1 (β = 0.188–0.403, all p < 0.001), and a negative factor for lumbar spine BMD and serum C‐telopeptide of collagen type 1 (β = −0.629 and –0.183, all p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that serum FSH levels are an independent risk factor for BTMs and BMD in menopause‐transitioning women, particularly for serum BAP and lumbar spine BMD.
Genetic evaluation of 50 Turkish patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: 2 years experience of a single center
Authors: Kocabey Mehmet , Özkalaycı Hande , Çankaya Tufan , Yılmaz Uzman Ceren , Çağlayan Ahmet Okay , Ülgenalp Ayfer , Erçal Murat Derya
Published: June 2023

Background/aim

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder. Clinical diagnosis is difficult in early childhood, and it is possible to miss a critical interval for tumour screening. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mutational spectrum of Turkish patients and discuss the benefits of molecular testing.

Material and methods

Fifty individuals from 35 unrelated families were included. Main referral reasons for genetic testing were as follows: to confirm a clinical diagnosis, to use in differential diagnosis and to evaluate first‐degree family member of a known patient. Two‐step process consisting of initial next generation sequencing of the NF1 gene and consequent multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification were performed.

Results

We identified a total of 30 variants in 28 individuals. Variant detection rate was 56% in the entire study group and 71.4% within the index patients. Four novel variants were found. Truncating variants constituted 60% of the entire mutation spectrum. A deletion or duplication was not detected. The most common feature was cafe au lait macules in 70% of the patients, followed by focal areas of signal intensity on brain imaging (26%), cutaneous neurofibromas (24%) and axillary freckling (24%).

Conclusions

Early sequencing in all suspected patients followed by deletion/duplication analysis in patients meeting clinical criteria and a case‐to‐case based consideration for RNA studies seems to be the effective algorithm for NF‐1 diagnosis.
Administration of combined venetoclax and azacitidine in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and multiple comorbidities undergoing dialysis: A case report
Authors: Akagi Yuina , Yamashita Yusuke , Kosako Hideki , Furuya Yoshiaki , Hosoi Hiroki , Mushino Toshiki , Murata Shogo , Nishikawa Akinori , Tamura Shinobu , Nakao Taisei , Sonoki Takashi
Published: June 2023

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have comorbidities have limited treatment options, thereby resulting in poor prognosis. Venetoclax, a specific B‐cell lymphoma‐2 inhibitor, has recently been approved for AML in combination with hypomethylating agents; however, only one report has described its use in patients undergoing dialysis. Herein, we report the effectiveness of combined venetoclax and azacitidine in a 73‐year‐old man with AML undergoing dialysis and who was ineligible for standard therapies. The safety of venetoclax and azacitidine in patients undergoing dialysis has been reported, and their combination may be a feasible option for patients with AML undergoing dialysis.
Respiratory syncytial virus surge in 2022 caused by lineages already present before the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Redlberger‐Fritz Monika , Springer David N. , Aberle Stephan W. , Camp Jeremy V. , Aberle Judith H.
Published: June 2023

In 2022, Austria experienced a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic with an earlier‐than‐usual start (Weeks 35/2021–45/2022) and increased numbers of pediatric patients in emergency departments. This surge came 2 years after a season with no cases detected as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 nonpharmaceutical interventions. We analyzed epidemiologic patterns and the phylodynamics of RSV based on approximately 30 800 respiratory specimens collected year‐round over 10 years from ambulatory and hospitalized patients from 248 locations in Austria. Genomic surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of 186 RSV‐A and 187 RSV‐B partial glycoprotein sequences collected from 2018 to 2022 revealed that the 2022/2023 surge was driven by RSV‐B in contrast to the surge in the 2021/2022 season that was driven by RSV‐A. Whole‐genome sequencing and phylodynamic analysis indicated that the RSV‐B strain GB5.0.6a was the predominant genotype in the 2022/2023 season and emerged in late 2019. The results provide insight into RSV evolution and epidemiology that will be applicable to future monitoring efforts with the advent of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
Effects of nisin on bacterial community and fermentation profiles, in vitro rumen fermentation, microbiota, and methane emission of alfalfa silage
Authors: Li Ziqian , Wang Musen , Usman Samaila , Khan Ashiq , Zhang Yixin , Li Fuhou , Bai Jie , Chen Mengyan , Zhang Ying , Guo Xusheng
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been used widely in preparing silage. However, forage legumes are prone to contamination by spoilage bacteria during fermentation. Nisin has broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties and has been applied as an inhibitor of rumen methane emissions. However, little research has been carried out on the application of nisin in silage. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impacts of different nisin concentrations on the bacterial community and fermentation dynamics, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbiota, and methane emissions of alfalfa silage.

RESULTS

The detection limits of organic acid in nisin‐treated silages were not reached in 0.09 g kg−1 nisin (0.09 level) from days 1 to 7 of ensiling. With increasing nisin concentrations, the silage dry matter increased linearly (P < 0.05), and dry matter loss decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Moreover, both the 0.06 g kg−1 nisin (0.06 level) and 0.09 level treatments increased the relative abundance of Pediococcus acidilactici during ensiling. Concurrently, as the nisin concentrations increased, ruminal methane production decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while the relative abundances of ruminal Succinivibrio, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus increased linearly (P < 0.05). The populations of ruminal total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi decreased linearly with increasing nisin concentrations (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The addition of nisin delayed the fermentation process, preserved more nutrients in alfalfa silage, and promoted fermentation dominated by P. acidilactici in the late phase of ensiling. Moreover, nisin reduced in vitro rumen methane emissions without adverse effects on dry matter digestibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical properties and flavor of rice protein–carboxymethylcellulose complexes
Authors: Yang Jing , Xiong Wenfei , Yao Yijun , Zhang Na , Wang Lifeng
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Fermentation is known to enhance the nutritional profile and confer unique flavors to products. However, the resultant effects on stability and physicochemical properties remain unexplored.

RESULTS

This study aims to elucidate the influence of fermentation on the stability and organoleptic characteristics of a rice protein beverage stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The findings revealed that the average aggregate size escalated from 507 to 870 nm, concurrently exhibiting a significant increase in surface potential. The aggregation enhancement was substantiated by evident morphological changes and confocal laser scanning microscopical (CLSM) observations. A negative correlation was discerned between the physical stability of the beverage and fermentation duration. Moreover, flavor analysis of the beverage post a 3 h fermentation period highlighted an increase in aromatic ester compounds, thereby intensifying the aroma.

CONCLUSION

The study corroborates that fermentation can detrimentally influence product stability while concurrently improving its flavor profile. By establishing a mix ratio of 10:1 for rice protein and CMC and forming a relatively stable system through electrostatic interaction at a pH of 5.4, a flavorful rice protein beverage can be derived post 3 h‐fermentation process. These findings offer insights into the impact of varying fermentation durations on the stability and flavor of polysaccharide‐based rice protein beverages. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of glycerol monostearate's similarity to fats and fatty acid composition of fats on fat crystallization, destabilization, and texture properties of ice cream
Authors: Zhao Mengdi , Chen Ling , Liu Fei , Zhong Fang , Chen Maoshen , Jin Huajin , Kang Jingran , Wu Juan , Xu Jun
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Fat significantly affects the properties of ice cream. Prior studies have investigated the correlation between fat crystallization, fat destabilization, and ice cream quality. However, the role of fatty acid composition, the similarity between fat and emulsifier in these characteristics, and their impact on final product quality remains unclear.

RESULTS

To investigate the influence of the fatty acid composition of fats, as well as their similarity to glycerol monostearate (GMS), on fat crystallization and destabilization during the aging and freezing stages, ice creams were formulated using a combination of two types of fats (coconut oil and palm olein) in five different ratios. In oil phases, decreased saturation of fatty acids (from 93.38% to 46.69%) and increased similarity to GMS (from 11.96% to 46.01%) caused a reduction in the maximum solid fat content. Moreover, the rise in unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids (from 34.61% to 99.57%) and similarity to GMS enhanced the formation of rare and coarse fat crystals, leading to a sparse crystalline network. This, in turn, reduced the crystallization rate and the stiffness of the fat in emulsions. Assuming consistent overrun across all ice creams, the enhanced interactions between fat globules in ice cream improved its hardness, melting properties, and shrinkage.

CONCLUSION

The crystalline properties of fat in emulsions were influenced by oil phases, impacting fat destabilization and ultimately enhancing the quality of ice cream. The present study offers valuable insights for the optimization of fat and monoglyceride fatty acid ester selection, with the potential to improve ice cream quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Habitat selection and water dependency of feral burros in the Mojave Desert, California, USA
Authors: Karish Talesha , Roemer Gary W. , Delaney David K. , Reddell Craig D. , Cain James W.
Published: June 2023

Expansion of feral burro (Equus asinus) populations across the southwestern United States is causing human–wildlife conflicts including rangeland degradation, competition with livestock and native species, and burro–vehicle collisions. On the Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC) in California, feral burros interfere with military training and are involved in vehicle collisions and other conflicts (e.g., burros blocking access to buildings). Limited data on burro movements and resource use poses a challenge for the development of management plans and mitigation strategies. We estimated home range size, second‐ and third‐order seasonal resource selection, and water dependency of 10 adult female feral burros fitted with global positioning system (GPS) collars on the NTC from November 2015 to April 2017. Mean 95% autocorrelated kernel home range size of female burros (253.9 ± 30.7 km2 [SE]) did not differ among seasons or between burros that resided close to or far from urban areas. Burros selected areas closer to water in all seasons and at both spatial scales, but selection was stronger in the dry season and at the landscape scale. When available, burros strongly selected for areas closer to urban areas. Burros consistently selected for areas with green forage and at lower elevations, but selection for other topographical features was variable. Water use patterns were consistent with the resource selection results. Burros visited water sources twice as often (every 22.2 ± 6.3 hr) during the hot‐dry season (Apr–Oct) compared to the cool‐wet seasons (Nov–Mar; 2015: 45.9 ± 21.0; 2016: 39.7 ± 9.3 hr). Our results suggest that urban areas, and resources therein, and water sources have the biggest influence on burro resource selection, and management plans could focus mitigation programs on these areas.
The Application of Ultrasound to Quantify Hyoid Motion During Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Parekh Manan H. , Thuler Eric , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Seay Everett , Sehgal Chandra , Schultz Susan , Keenan Brendan T. , Schwartz Alan R. , Dedhia Raj C.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The significance of hyoid dynamics in OSA pathophysiology remains unclear. Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is often used for evaluating patients intolerant to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. We performed DISE with concurrent hyoid‐focused ultrasonography to quantify hyoid dynamics during obstructive and non‐obstructive breathing.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis from a prospective cohort of patients undergoing DISE with PAP titration (DISE‐PAP) and hyoid‐focused ultrasound was conducted. Hyoid ultrasound was performed during obstructive breathing, and non‐obstructive breathing after PAP administration. Motion was quantified by generating displacement curves based on echo‐tracking hyoid movement. The image analysis protocol for quantifying hyoid displacement was performed independently by two researchers, and reliability of measures was assessed. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed for various clinical data and hyoid displacement during obstructive breathing.

Results

Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. On average, the cohort was male (75%), elderly (65.9 ± 10 years), overweight (29.3 ± 3.99 kg/m2), and with moderate‐to‐severe OSA (29.3 ± 12.5 events/h). Mean hyoid displacement during obstructive breathing was 5.81 mm (±3.48). In all patients, hyoid displacement decreased after PAP administration (−3.94 mm [95% CI: −5.10, −2.78]; p < 0.0001). Inter‐rater reliability for measures of hyoid displacement was excellent. After multivariate regression, hyoid displacement at baseline was associated with higher AHI (β [95% CI] = 0.18 [0.03, 0.33], p = 0.020).

Conclusion

During DISE, hyoid displacement is greater during obstructive breathing with significant variability amongst patients. Further, these ultrasonographic measurements had excellent intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. Additional, larger studies are needed to understand contributors to hyoid mobility.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:3221–3227, 2023
Gene Delivery into T‐Cells Using Ternary Complexes of DNA, Lipofectamine, and Carboxy‐Terminal Phenylalanine‐Modified Dendrimers
Authors: Kojima Chie , Sawada Mei , Nakase Ikuhiko , Matsumoto Akikazu
Published: June 2023

T‐cells play critical roles in various immune reactions, and genetically engineered T‐cells have attracted attention for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Previously, it is shown that a polyamidoamine dendrimer of generation 4 (G4), modified with 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (CHex) and phenylalanine (Phe) (G4‐CHex‐Phe), is useful for delivery into T‐cells and their subsets. In this study, an efficient non‐viral gene delivery system is constructed using this dendrimer. Ternary complexes are prepared using different ratios of plasmid DNA, Lipofectamine, and G4‐CHex‐Phe. A carboxy‐terminal dendrimer lacking Phe (G3.5) is used for comparison. These complexes are characterized using agarose gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and ζpotential measurements. In Jurkat cells, the ternary complex with G4‐CHex‐Phe at a P/COOH ratio of 1/5 shows higher transfection activity than other complexes, such as binary and ternary complexes with G3.5, without any significant cytotoxicity. The transfection efficiency of the G4‐CHex‐Phe ternary complexes decreases considerably in the presence of free G4‐CHex‐Phe and upon altering the complex preparation method. These results suggest that G4‐CHex‐Phe promotes the cellular internalization of the complexes, which is useful for gene delivery into T‐cells.
Relating Structure to Properties in Non‐Conjugated Pendant Electroactive Polymers
Authors: Schmitt Alexander , Thompson Barry C.
Published: June 2023

Non‐conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) are an emerging class of polymers that offer the potential of combining the desirable optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers with the superior synthetic methodologies and stability of traditional non‐conjugated polymers. Despite an increasing number of studies focused on NCPEPs, particularly on understanding fundamental structure‐property relationships, no attempts have been made to provide an overview on established relationships to date. This review showcases selected reports on NCPEP homopolymers and copolymers that demonstrate how optical, electronic, and physical properties of the polymers are affected by tuning of key structural variables such as the chemical structure of the polymer backbone, molecular weight, tacticity, spacer length, the nature of the pendant group, and in the case of copolymers the ratios between different comonomers and between individual polymer blocks. Correlation of structural features with improved π‐stacking and enhanced charge carrier mobility serve as the primary figures of merit in evaluating impact on NCPEP properties. While this review is not intended to serve as a comprehensive summary of all reports on tuning of structural parameters in NCPEPs, it highlights relevant established structure‐property relationships that can serve as a guideline for more targeted design of novel NCPEPs in the future.
It's All About the Employee
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: June 2023

When discussion turns to union prevention strategies, there is a seemingly endless list of boxes that may be checked. Market wages. Fairness in decisions. Safe work environments. Education on unionization. Every month, Management Report delves into different strategies that can help assist in maintaining union‐free status. As any employer can attest, however, some strategies work in certain situations and not in others. An approach that worked five years ago may fall on deaf ears today. These varying results are due to one factor: the employee.
Baohuoside I inhibits resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via downregulating HIF‐1α/ATG5 axis
Authors: Zhou Yun , Liu Tongyu , Wu Qiaoling , Wang Huihui , Sun Yang
Published: June 2023

Since chemotherapy's therapeutic impact is diminished by drug resistance, treating ovarian cancer is notably challenging. Thereafter, it is critical to develop cutting‐edge approaches to treating ovarian cancer. Baohuoside I (derived from Herba Epimedii) is reported to have antitumor properties in various malignancies. It is unknown, however, what role Baohuoside I plays in cisplatin (DDP)‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), colony formation, and flow cytometry assay were used to investigate the impact of Baohuoside I on ovarian cancer A2780 cells and DDP‐resistant A2780 (A2780/DDP) cells. The level of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Utilizing the mRFP‐GFP‐LC3B tandem fluorescent probe allowed us to analyse the autophagy flux. Analysis of mRNA and protein level was performed using RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The interaction between hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF‐1α) and autophagy related 5 (ATG5) promoter was investigated by dual luciferase and ChIP assay. Additionally, evaluation of Baohuoside I's role in ovarian cancer was performed using a nude mouse xenograft model. Baohuoside I decreased the viability and proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of both A2780 and A2780/DDP cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Baohuoside I also increased the sensitivity of A2780/DDP cells to DDP. Concurrently, HIF‐1α could promote A2780/DDP cells resistance to DDP. In addition, HIF‐1α could induce the autophagy of A2780/DDP cells through transcriptionally activating ATG5, and Baohuoside I imporved the chemosensitivity of A2780/DDP cells to DDP by downregulating HIF‐1α. Moreover, Baohuoside I could inhibit the chemoresistance to DDP in ovarian cancer in vivo. Baohuoside I sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to DDP by suppressing autophagy via downregulating the HIF‐1α/ATG5 axis. Consequently, Baohuoside I might be evaluated as a new agent for enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of drug treatment for ovarian cancer.
Bedtime extended release cornstarch improves biochemical profile and sleep quality for patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Hsu Rai‐Hseng , Chen Hui‐An , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Ju‐Li , Weng Hui‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Ting , Lin Yu‐Ching , Lee Ni‐Chung
Published: June 2023

Background

Patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) are prone to hypoglycemia. Uncooked cornstarch (CS) is the treatment, but maintaining nighttime blood glucose levels is still difficult.

Methods

The study enrolled patients with GSDIa to investigate the benefits of bedtime extended release CS (ER‐CS, Glycosade®) versus regular CS. The daytime CS schedule was not altered. A 7‐day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed at the baseline and 12 weeks after using ER‐CS. Biochemical profile, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and quality of life (SF‐36 questionnaire) were measured at the baseline and 24 weeks after using ER‐CS.

Results

Nine patients (9 to 33 years of age) were enrolled. Compared with the baseline (80.0 ± 6.33 mg/dL), the 12‐week evaluations revealed higher mean morning glucose levels (86.5 ± 8.26 mg/dL,p = 0.015). Twenty‐four weeks after the use of bedtime ER‐CS, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels both decreased (from 69.3 ± 77.8 to 41.1 ± 40.4 U/L and from 78.8 ± 99.6 to 37.8 ± 28.81 U/L, respectively,p = 0.013 for both analyses), and sleep and fasting time both elongated (from 7.8 ± 0.87 to 8.6 ± 1.02 h and from 6.5 ± 1.22 to 7.6 ± 1.02 h, respectively,p = 0.011 for both analyses). The mean PSQI score in the five adult patients decreased significantly (from 5.8 ± 1.29 to 3.0 ± 1.71,p = 0.042).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of clinically meaningful improvements by shifting only bedtime regular CS to ER‐CS in patients with GSDIa. As ER‐CS is considerably more expensive than regular CS, this approach presents a cost‐effective alternative.
On the (k,Ψ)‐Hilfer nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations
Authors: Kharade Jyoti P. , Kucche Kishor D.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the
‐Hilfer fractional derivative, the most generalized fractional derivative operator, is used to analyze nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations. The initial goal of this work is to provide a suitable representation formula for the solutions of the
‐Hilfer nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations. The second goal is to use the representation formula we came up with to show that there is a solution to the
‐Hilfer nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations. Analysis of the work done is based on the calculus of the
‐Hilfer fractional derivative, the fixed point theorems, and the measure of noncompactness. We illustrate the outcomes of our work through examples.
Dual‐band inkjet printed coplanar waveguide‐fed stepped‐impedance slot dipole antenna for ISM application
Authors: Dang Yu , Cheffena Michael
Published: June 2023

In this work, a dual‐industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)‐band flexible slot dipole antenna is investigated. It is based on quarter‐guided‐wavelength () stepped impedance resonator (SIR) slots fed by coplanar waveguide. Compared to the mostly used SIR, the use of the type SIR not only enables compact size but also leads to broadside radiation without gain decline at the first harmonic. The analysis of fundamental and spurious resonance conditions was also elaborated to reveal the theory behind compact size and harmonics suppression. Planar measurements show the impedance bandwidths are 500 MHz (20.4%) for 2.2–2.7 GHz, and 1200 MHz (21.4%) for 5–6.2 GHz, with peak gain of 3.7 and 5.8 dBi at 2.4 and 5.5 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, in curving measurement, both the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern remain stable during bending. Our proposed antenna will benefit a bunch of flexible and compact applications operating in dual‐ISM‐band.