bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of PEG 6000 and PVP as Stabilizing and Surfactant Agents in the Photoelectrochemical Properties of BiVO4 Monoclinic Structure
Authors: Pelissari Marcelo , Scalvi Luis Vicente , Dall’Antonia Luiz Henrique
Published: May 2021

Nanocrystalline BiVO4 on monoclinic phase was obtained by a modified-solution combustion synthesis (SCS) using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 6000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizing and surfactant agents, respectively. An active photoanode was built using a simple procedure by dip-coating deposition process on fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO). The structure, morphology and optical properties of FTO/BiVO4 photoanode were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photoelectrochemical performance measurements were carried out by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under InGaN blue light emitting diode (LED) illumination condition (about 450 nm). In Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, the electrode has presented better photoelectroactivity than in NaNO3 solution, as evidenced by photoelectrochemical parameters such as: the highest photocurrent density (js) value, cathodic shifts of the onset potential (OP) and lower charge-transfer resistence (Rct). In the methyl orange (MO) degradation reaction the FTO/BiVO4 electrode has presented high photoelectroactivity, where the estimated kinetic constant rate (kobs) is 4.74 × 10−3 and 7.54 × 10−3 min−1 in NaNO3 and Na2SO4 solutions, respectively. This remarkable performance of the as-prepared electrode is due to the morphological BiVO4 structure,with elongated-shape nano-sized domain particles, besides the considerable porosity and roughness levels on electrode surface.
Zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju a zadania administracji publicznej wobec osób starszych z perspektywy nauki prawa administracyjnego. Zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Piskorz-Ryń Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

Starzenie się polskiego społeczeństwa jest faktem. Możemy mu przeciwdziałać jedynie w ograniczonym zakresie. Należy go więc uwzględnić zarówno przy projektowaniu polityki państwa, jak i przy tworzeniu prawa administracyjnego i wykonywaniu zadań administracji publicznej kierując się w tym zakresie zasadą zrównoważonego rozwoju. Będzie wymagało to ważenia interesów ludzi młodych, w wieku średnim i starszych z uwzględnieniem zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zrównoważony rozwój, w kontekście starzejącego się społeczeństwa, powinien zakładać takie kształtowanie procesów rozwojowych, które pozwolą zachować równowagę między potrzebami i aspiracjami ludzi należącymi do różnych grup wiekowych oraz potrzebami obecnych i przyszłych pokoleń. Zrównoważony rozwój dotyczy bowiem różnych aspektów funkcjonowania społeczeństwa i musi mieć charakter długoterminowy.
Społeczne przesłanki zobowiązania osoby uzależnionej od alkoholu do poddania się leczeniu odwykowemu
Authors: Szlachetko Katarzyna , Szlachetko Jakub
Published: May 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie tzw. społecznych przesłanek zobowiązania osoby uzależnionej do poddania się leczeniu w stacjonarnym lub niestacjonarnym zakładzie lecznictwa odwykowego. Określone „narzędzie” walki z alkoholizmem może budzić wątpliwości ze względu na ochronę wolności osobistych uzależnionego. Z drugiej jednak strony ustawodawca przewiduje wyjątki od zasady dobrowolnego podejmowania leczenia odwykowego w celu ochrony najbliższego otoczenia osoby uzależnionej. Szczególne znaczenie ma zapewnienie ochrony członków rodziny osoby uzależnionej, którzy są bezpośrednio narażeni na negatywne konsekwencje jej uzależnienia od alkoholu. W artykule przeanalizowano treść poszczególnych społecznych przesłanek zobowiązania osoby uzależnionej do poddania się leczeniu odwykowemu, do których w obowiązującym stanie prawnym należą: powodowanie rozkładu życia rodzinnego, powodowanie demoralizacji małoletnich, uchylanie się od obowiązku zaspokajania potrzeb rodziny oraz systematyczne zakłócanie spokoju lub porządku publicznego. Największa część rozważań została poświęcona przesłance „powodowania rozkładu życia rodzinnego”, która wymagała ustalenia
Rewolucja seksualna i dzieci
Authors: Hałajczak Patryk
Published: May 2021

W narracji o konsekwencjach i wpływach tzw. rewolucji seksualnej 1968r. wspomnieć należy również o dzieciach, które niekiedy były oficjalnie systemowo rewolucjonizowane. Pod koniec lat 60 jako programowy efekt niemieckiego ruchu z 1968 r. było wyzwolenie seksualne dzieci pod egidą Berlińskiego Instytutu Psychologii. W praktyce zakładano ośrodki, których celem miało być wychowanie pokonujące zahamowania seksualne dążąc do stworzenia klimatu, w którym nawet pedofilia uznawana była za postępową. Niektóre ustroje polityczne po 1968r. wpływały na rozumienie seksualności. Seksuologowie niemieccy lat 70 i 80 mieli realny wpływ na badaczy tych dziedzin z innych krajów. Tak radykalny efekt rewolucji seksualnej, który dzisiaj zdaje się być świadomie pomijany, niewątpliwie wpływał na pojęcie wychowania, rodziny, seksualności i płci. Konsekwencje są widoczne po dzień dzisiejszy.
Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Depresyon Riski İle Hastalık Öz Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişki ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: AYTAP Fatma , ÖZER Zülfünaz
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Araştırma, Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin depresyon riski ile hastalık öz yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı nitelikte olan bu çalışmanın örneklemini, Ocak-Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran 418 kronik hastalığı olan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE)” ve “Kronik Hastalıklarda Öz Bakım Yönetimi Ölçeği” (SCMP-G) aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 62,1±5,73 olup %56,7’sinin kadın, %81,9’unun evli, %96,1’inin çocuğunun olduğu, %23,4’ünün ilkokul mezunu,%60,5’inin çalışmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların depresyon düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde %16,5’inin minimal düzeyde depresyona, %12,7’sinin hafif düzeyde depresyona, %66,5’inin orta düzeyde depresyona ve %4,3’ünün ise şiddetli düzeyde depresyona sahip olduğu görülmüştür. BDE toplam puan ortalaması 18,56±6,82 olarak saptanmıştır. SCMP-G’nin toplam puan ortalaması 107,38±8,48, öz koruma alt boyutu için toplam puan ortalaması 61,21±8,48, sosyal koruma alt boyutu için toplam puan ortalaması 46,17±8,48bulunmuştur.İleri yaşta olanların, bekâr olanların, çalışmayanların, gelir durumu kötü olanların, depresyon riski yüksek bulunmuştur. İleri yaşta olanların, kadınların, bekâr olanların, gelir durumu çok iyi olanların SCMP-G puanları yüksektir (p<0,05).BDE ile SCMP-G arasında negatif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p=0,000). Sonuç: Kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin depresyon riski orta; öz bakım yönetimleri iyi düzeyde değerlendirilmiştir. Bireylerde yaş, medeni durum, çalışma durumu, gelir durumu depresyon riski düzeylerini; yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, gelir durumu da öz bakım yönetimini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bireylerin depresyon düzeyleri arttıkça öz bakım yönetimlerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır.
COVID-19 Pandemisinin İntörn Hekim ve Hekimlerin Yalnızlık, Umutsuzluk ve Anksiyete Belirti Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: KARAOĞLU Nazan , DEMİRBAŞ Nur
Published: May 2021

Giriş: Bu çalışmada, halen devam eden COVID-19 pandemisinde ön sıralarda çalışan intörn hekim ve hekimlerin hissettikleri yalnızlık, umutsuzluk, durumluk ve sürekli anksiyete belirti düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olan bu araştırma, 01.05.2020-30.05.2020 tarihleri arasında sosyal medya üzerinden ulaşılan ve katılmayı kabul eden 212 imtörn hekim ve hekimler ile tamamlandı. Katılımcılara Google forms üzerinden ulaştırılan anket linkinde sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ), UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği (UCLA-LS) ile Durumluk (STAI-1) ve Sürekli Anksiyete (STAI-2) Envanterinden oluşan sorular yeraldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %54,7’si (n=116) erkek, %17,7’si (n=36) intörn hekim ve %37,7’si (n=80) uzman hekimdi. Asistan ve uzman hekimlerin %83,1’i (n=102) dahili bilimlere bağlıydı. Hekimlerin %54,2’si (n=115) “O anda” yaşadığı şehirden memnun olduğunu ve %16’sı (n=34) tekrar seçme şansı olsa tıp eğitimini asla seçmeyeceğini belirtmişti. Grubun BUÖ puan ortalaması 7,35±4,8 (0-20) puan ve UCLA-LS puan ortalaması 41,32±9,8 (24-65) puandı. Ölçeklerden alınan puanlar ile yaş, cinsiyet ve akademik eğitim düzeyleri arasında ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). COVID-19 hastasına bakım hizmeti veren, hastayla yüz yüze temas eden hekimlerin, umutsuzluk (8,41±4,1; 8,92±4,5) ve yalnızlık (44,61±8,9; 44,37±9,7) puanları daha yüksekti (p=0,05; p=0,001). Hekimlerin tamamının (%100) durumluk anksiyete belirti düzeyi, %86,7’sinin ise sürekli anksiyete belirti düzeyi yüksekti. Çalıştıkları kurumlarda ayrı triyaj alanı oluşturulmayanların ve COVID-19 tanısı alanların sırasıyla durumluk anksiyete (p=0,011; p=0,013) ve sürekli anksiyete belirti düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksek tespit edildi (p=0,018; p=0,009). Ayrıca COVID-19 hastası ile yüz yüze temas edenlerin durumluk anksiyete belirtileri artmıştı (p=0,020). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, bir kez daha COVID-19 pandemi döneminde büyük bir özveri ile çalışan hekimlerin gelecekten umutsuz, yalnız ve oluşan durumdan kaygılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu dönemde risk altındaki hekimlerin psikolojik durumlarının takibi ile gerekli önlemlerin erken dönemde alınması hem kendi sağlıkları, hem de toplum sağlığı açısından çok önemlidir.
Transformation of Undocumented Marriages in the Frontier Territory, from Generation One to Generation Three
Authors: Bulan Wahidah R.
Published: May 2021

Undocumented marriage is a social reality prevalent in many communities, including in Tawau (Sabah, Malaysia), where several Indonesian workers make a living. Examining the process of interrelation structure and agency institutionalizing the practice of undocumented marriage through the depiction of the transformation process and the actors that play a role, the study is intended to obtain comprehensive information on why cases continue to occur even to the third generation. The study also identified the impact of unregistered marriages on migrant workers and their families to obtain a measurable picture of the gravity of the problem. As for the reason why Tawau was taken as the locus, considering that cases of undocumented marriage were quite high in the region. Using a case study type qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and document studies (books, journals, reports, and mass media coverage), the results showed that the marriage process is not recorded as having transformed from generation to generation, which is marked by a decrease in structural strength—and strengthening the roles and abilities of actors to escape structural forces. As a result, the practice of unregistered marriage continues to increase. It is increasingly difficult to stop, although, on the other hand, the real impact of excess marriage is not recorded for the object, especially their children who have difficulty getting educational services. Government efforts to reduce the impact have been made. Unfortunately, it will lose meaning if the increase in unregistered marriages is not stopped.
Barriers to Dissemination of Local Health Data Faced by US State Agencies: Survey Study of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Coordinators
Authors: Ahuja Manik , Aseltine Jr Robert
Published: May 2021

Background

Advances in information technology have paved the way to facilitate accessibility to population-level health data through web-based data query systems (WDQSs). Despite these advances in technology, US state agencies face many challenges related to the dissemination of their local health data. It is essential for the public to have access to high-quality data that are easy to interpret, reliable, and trusted. These challenges have been at the forefront throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to identify the most significant challenges faced by state agencies, from the perspective of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) coordinator from each state, and to assess if the coordinators from states with a WDQS perceive these challenges differently.

Methods

We surveyed BRFSS coordinators (N=43) across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. We surveyed the participants about contextual factors and asked them to rate system aspects and challenges they faced with their health data system on a Likert scale. We used two-sample t tests to compare the means of the ratings by participants from states with and without a WDQS.

Results

Overall, 41/43 states (95%) make health data available over the internet, while 65% (28/43) employ a WDQS. States with a WDQS reported greater challenges (P=.01) related to the cost of hardware and software (mean score 3.44/4, 95% CI 3.09-3.78) than states without a WDQS (mean score 2.63/4, 95% CI 2.25-3.00). The system aspect of standardization of vocabulary scored more favorably (P=.01) in states with a WDQS (mean score 3.32/5, 95% CI 2.94-3.69) than in states without a WDQS (mean score 2.85/5, 95% CI 2.47-3.22).

Conclusions

Securing of adequate resources and commitment to standardization are vital in the dissemination of local-level health data. Factors such as receiving data in a timely manner, privacy, and political opposition are less significant barriers than anticipated.
Evaluating Course Completion, Appropriateness, and Burden in the Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Massive Open Online Course: Cohort Study
Authors: Claflin Suzi B , Campbell Julie A , Doherty Kathleen , Farrow Maree , Bessing Barnabas , Taylor Bruce V
Published: May 2021

Background

Massive open online course (MOOC) research is an emerging field; to date, most research in this area has focused on participant engagement.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate both participant engagement and measures of satisfaction, appropriateness, and burden for a MOOC entitled Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (MS) among a cohort of 3518 international course participants.

Methods

We assessed the association of key outcomes with participant education level, MS status, caregiver status, sex, and age using summary statistics, and 2-tailed t tests, and chi-square tests.

Results

Of the 3518 study participants, 928 (26.37%) were people living with MS. Among the 2590 participants not living with MS, 862 (33.28%) identified as formal or informal caregivers. Our key findings were as follows: the course completion rate among study participants was 67.17% (2363/3518); the course was well received, with 96.97% (1502/1549) of participants satisfied, with an appropriate pitch and low burden (a mean of 2.2 hours engagement per week); people living with MS were less likely than those not living with MS to complete the course; and people with a recent diagnosis of MS, caregivers, and participants without a university education were more likely to apply the material by course completion.

Conclusions

The Understanding MS MOOC is fit for purpose; it presents information in a way that is readily understood by course participants and is applicable in their lives.
Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moskowitz Judith Tedlie , Addington Elizabeth L , Shiu Eva , Bassett Sarah M , Schuette Stephanie , Kwok Ian , Freedman Melanie E , Leykin Yan , Saslow Laura R , Cohn Michael A , Cheung Elaine O
Published: May 2021

Background

Adherence to self-guided interventions tends to be very low, especially in people with depression. Prior studies have demonstrated that enhancements may increase adherence, but little is known about the efficacy of various enhancements in comparison to, or in combination with, one another.

Objective

The aim of our study is to test whether 3 enhancements—facilitator contact (FC), an online discussion board, and virtual badges (VB)—alone, or in combination, improve adherence to a self-guided, web-based intervention for depression. We also examined whether age, gender, race, ethnicity, comfort with technology, or baseline depression predicted adherence or moderated the effects that each enhancement had on adherence.

Methods

Participants were recruited through web-based sources and, after completing at least 4 out of 7 daily emotion reports, were sequentially assigned to 1 of 9 conditions—the intervention alone; the intervention plus 1, 2, or all 3 enhancements; or an emotion reporting control condition. The intervention was a positive psychological program consisting of 8 skills that specifically targeted positive emotions, and it was delivered over 5 weeks in a self-guided, web-based format. We operationalized adherence as the number of skills accessed.

Results

A total of 602 participants were enrolled in this study. Participants accessed, on average, 5.61 (SD 2.76) of 8 skills. The total number of enhancements participants received (0-3) did not predict the number of skills accessed. Participants who were assigned to the VB+FC condition accessed significantly more skills than those in the intervention only conditions. Furthermore, participants in arms that received the combination of both the VB and FC enhancements (VB+FC and VB+FC+online discussion board) accessed a greater number of skills relative to the number of skills accessed by participants who received either VB or FC without the other. Moderation analyses revealed that the receipt of VB (vs no VB) predicted higher adherence among participants with moderately severe depression at baseline.

Conclusions

The results suggested that the VB+FC combination significantly increased the number of skills accessed in a self-guided, web-based intervention for elevated depression. We have provided suggestions for refinements to these enhancements, which may further improve adherence.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02861755; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02861755
Computer-Aided Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Eye-Tracking Study Using Data Visualization and Deep Learning
Authors: Cilia Federica , Carette Romuald , Elbattah Mahmoud , Dequen Gilles , Guérin Jean-Luc , Bosche Jérôme , Vandromme Luc , Le Driant Barbara
Published: May 2021

Background

The early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly desirable but remains a challenging task, which requires a set of cognitive tests and hours of clinical examinations. In addition, variations of such symptoms exist, which can make the identification of ASD even more difficult. Although diagnosis tests are largely developed by experts, they are still subject to human bias. In this respect, computer-assisted technologies can play a key role in supporting the screening process.

Objective

This paper follows on the path of using eye tracking as an integrated part of screening assessment in ASD based on the characteristic elements of the eye gaze. This study adds to the mounting efforts in using eye tracking technology to support the process of ASD screening

Methods

The proposed approach basically aims to integrate eye tracking with visualization and machine learning. A group of 59 school-aged participants took part in the study. The participants were invited to watch a set of age-appropriate photographs and videos related to social cognition. Initially, eye-tracking scanpaths were transformed into a visual representation as a set of images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network was trained to perform the image classification task.

Results

The experimental results demonstrated that the visual representation could simplify the diagnostic task and also attained high accuracy. Specifically, the convolutional neural network model could achieve a promising classification accuracy. This largely suggests that visualizations could successfully encode the information of gaze motion and its underlying dynamics. Further, we explored possible correlations between the autism severity and the dynamics of eye movement based on the maximal information coefficient. The findings primarily show that the combination of eye tracking, visualization, and machine learning have strong potential in developing an objective tool to assist in the screening of ASD.

Conclusions

Broadly speaking, the approach we propose could be transferable to screening for other disorders, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders.
Application of an Anomaly Detection Model to Screen for Ocular Diseases Using Color Retinal Fundus Images: Design and Evaluation Study
Authors: Han Yong , Li Weiming , Liu Mengmeng , Wu Zhiyuan , Zhang Feng , Liu Xiangtong , Tao Lixin , Li Xia , Guo Xiuhua
Published: May 2021

Background

The supervised deep learning approach provides state-of-the-art performance in a variety of fundus image classification tasks, but it is not applicable for screening tasks with numerous or unknown disease types. The unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) approach, which needs only normal samples to develop a model, may be a workable and cost-saving method of screening for ocular diseases.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and evaluate an AD model for detecting ocular diseases on the basis of color fundus images.

Methods

A generative adversarial network–based AD method for detecting possible ocular diseases was developed and evaluated using 90,499 retinal fundus images derived from 4 large-scale real-world data sets. Four other independent external test sets were used for external testing and further analysis of the model’s performance in detecting 6 common ocular diseases (diabetic retinopathy [DR], glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy [HR], and myopia), DR of different severity levels, and 36 categories of abnormal fundus images. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model’s performance were calculated and presented.

Results

Our model achieved an AUC of 0.896 with 82.69% sensitivity and 82.63% specificity in detecting abnormal fundus images in the internal test set, and it achieved an AUC of 0.900 with 83.25% sensitivity and 85.19% specificity in 1 external proprietary data set. In the detection of 6 common ocular diseases, the AUCs for DR, glaucoma, cataract, AMD, HR, and myopia were 0.891, 0.916, 0.912, 0.867, 0.895, and 0.961, respectively. Moreover, the AD model had an AUC of 0.868 for detecting any DR, 0.908 for detecting referable DR, and 0.926 for detecting vision-threatening DR.

Conclusions

The AD approach achieved high sensitivity and specificity in detecting ocular diseases on the basis of fundus images, which implies that this model might be an efficient and economical tool for optimizing current clinical pathways for ophthalmologists. Future studies are required to evaluate the practical applicability of the AD approach in ocular disease screening.
A Road Map for Remote Digital Health Technology for Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: van Eijk Ruben P A , Beelen Anita , Kruitwagen Esther T , Murray Deirdre , Radakovic Ratko , Hobson Esther , Knox Liam , Helleman Jochem , Burke Tom , Rubio Pérez Miguel Ángel , Reviers Evy , Genge Angela , Steyn Frederik J , Ngo Shyuan , Eaglesham John , Roes Kit C B , van den Berg Leonard H , Hardiman Orla , McDermott Christopher J
Published: May 2021

Despite recent and potent technological advances, the real-world implementation of remote digital health technology in the care and monitoring of patients with motor neuron disease has not yet been realized. Digital health technology may increase the accessibility to and personalization of care, whereas remote biosensors could optimize the collection of vital clinical parameters, irrespective of patients’ ability to visit the clinic. To facilitate the wide-scale adoption of digital health care technology and to align current initiatives, we outline a road map that will identify clinically relevant digital parameters; mediate the development of benefit-to-burden criteria for innovative technology; and direct the validation, harmonization, and adoption of digital health care technology in real-world settings. We define two key end products of the road map: (1) a set of reliable digital parameters to capture data collected under free-living conditions that reflect patient-centric measures and facilitate clinical decision making and (2) an integrated, open-source system that provides personalized feedback to patients, health care providers, clinical researchers, and caregivers and is linked to a flexible and adaptable platform that integrates patient data in real time. Given the ever-changing care needs of patients and the relentless progression rate of motor neuron disease, the adoption of digital health care technology will significantly benefit the delivery of care and accelerate the development of effective treatments.
Predicting the Linguistic Accessibility of Chinese Health Translations: Machine Learning Algorithm Development (Preprint)
Authors: Ji Meng , Bouillon Pierrette
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Linguistic accessibility has an important impact on the reception and utilization of translated health resources among multicultural and multilingual populations. Linguistic understandability of health translation has been understudied.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed to develop novel machine learning models for the study of the linguistic accessibility of health translations comparing Chinese translations of the World Health Organization health materials with original Chinese health resources developed by the Chinese health authorities.

METHODS

Using natural language processing tools for the assessment of the readability of Chinese materials, we explored and compared the readability of Chinese health translations from the World Health Organization with original Chinese materials from the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

RESULTS

A pairwise adjusted t test showed that the following 3 new machine learning models achieved statistically significant improvement over the baseline logistic regression in terms of area under the curve: C5.0 decision tree (95% CI –0.249 to –0.152; P<0.001), random forest (95% CI 0.139-0.239; P<0.001) and extreme gradient boosting tree (95% CI 0.099-0.193; P<0.001). There was, however, no significant difference between C5.0 decision tree and random forest (P=0.513). The extreme gradient boosting tree was the best model, achieving statistically significant improvement over the C5.0 model (P=0.003) and the random forest model (P=0.006) at an adjusted Bonferroni P value at 0.008.

CONCLUSIONS

The development of machine learning algorithms significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of current approaches to the evaluation of the linguistic accessibility of Chinese health information, especially Chinese health translations in relation to original health resources. Although the new algorithms developed were based on Chinese health resources, they can be adapted for other languages to advance current research in accessible health translation, communication, and promotion.
Predicting the Linguistic Accessibility of Chinese Health Translations: Using Machine Learning Algorithms (Preprint)
Authors: Ji Christine
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Linguistic accessibility has important impact on the reception and utilisation of translated health resources among multicultural and multilingual populations. Linguistic understandability of health translation has been under-studied.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed to develop novel machine learning models for the study of the linguistic accessibility of health translations comparing Chinese translations of the World Health Organisation health materials with original Chinese health resources developed by the Chinese health authorities.

METHODS

Using natural language processing tools for the assessment of the readability of Chinese materials, we explored and compared the readability of Chinese health translations from the World Health Organisation with original Chinese materials from China Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.

RESULTS

Pairwise adjusted t test showed that three new machine learning models achieved statistically significant improvement over the baseline logistic regression in terms of AUC: C5.0 decision tree (p=0.000, 95% CI: -0.249, -0.152), random forest (p=0.000, 95% CI: 0.139, 0.239) and XGBoost Tree (p=0.000, 95% CI: 0.099, 0.193). There was however no significant difference between C5.0 decision tree and random forest (p=0.513). Extreme gradient boost tree was the best model having achieved statistically significant improvement over the C5.0 model (p=0.003) and the Random Forest model (p=0.006) at the adjusted Bonferroni p value at 0.008.

CONCLUSIONS

The development of machine learning algorithms significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of current approaches to the evaluation of the linguistic accessibility of Chinese health information, especially Chinese health translations in relation to original health resources. Although the new algorithms developed were based on Chinese health resources, they can be adapted for other languages to advance current research in accessible health translation, communication, and promotion.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies (Preprint)
Authors: Muric Goran , Wu Yusong , Ferrara Emilio
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

False claims about COVID-19 vaccines can undermine public trust in ongoing vaccination campaigns, posing a threat to global public health. Misinformation originating from various sources has been spreading on the web since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Antivaccine activists have also begun to use platforms such as Twitter to promote their views. To properly understand the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media, it is of great importance to gather the relevant data.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we describe a data set of Twitter posts and Twitter accounts that publicly exhibit a strong antivaccine stance. The data set is made available to the research community via our AvaxTweets data set GitHub repository. We characterize the collected accounts in terms of prominent hashtags, shared news sources, and most likely political leaning.

METHODS

We started the ongoing data collection on October 18, 2020, leveraging the Twitter streaming application programming interface (API) to follow a set of specific antivaccine-related keywords. Then, we collected the historical tweets of the set of accounts that engaged in spreading antivaccination narratives between October 2020 and December 2020, leveraging the Academic Track Twitter API. The political leaning of the accounts was estimated by measuring the political bias of the media outlets they shared.

RESULTS

We gathered two curated Twitter data collections and made them publicly available: (1) a streaming keyword–centered data collection with more than 1.8 million tweets, and (2) a historical account–level data collection with more than 135 million tweets. The accounts engaged in the antivaccination narratives lean to the right (conservative) direction of the political spectrum. The vaccine hesitancy is fueled by misinformation originating from websites with already questionable credibility.

CONCLUSIONS

The vaccine-related misinformation on social media may exacerbate the levels of vaccine hesitancy, hampering progress toward vaccine-induced herd immunity, and could potentially increase the number of infections related to new COVID-19 variants. For these reasons, understanding vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media is of paramount importance. Because data access is the first obstacle to attain this goal, we published a data set that can be used in studying antivaccine misinformation on social media and enable a better understanding of vaccine hesitancy.
Predicting COVID-19 Transmission to Inform the Management of Mass Events: Model-Based Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Donnat Claire , Bunbury Freddy , Kreindler Jack , Liu David , Filippidis Filippos T , Esko Tonu , El-Osta Austen , Harris Matthew
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Modelling COVID-19 transmission at live events and public gatherings is essential to controlling the probability of subsequent outbreaks and communicating to participants their personalized risk. Yet, despite the fast-growing body of literature on COVID-19 transmission dynamics, current risk models either neglect contextual information including vaccination rates or disease prevalence or do not attempt to quantitatively model transmission.

OBJECTIVE

This paper attempted to bridge this gap by providing informative risk metrics for live public events, along with a measure of their uncertainty.

METHODS

Building upon existing models, our approach ties together 3 main components: (1) reliable modelling of the number of infectious cases at the time of the event, (2) evaluation of the efficiency of pre-event screening, and (3) modelling of the event’s transmission dynamics and their uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations.

RESULTS

We illustrated the application of our pipeline for a concert at the Royal Albert Hall and highlighted the risk’s dependency on factors such as prevalence, mask wearing, and event duration. We demonstrate how this event held on 3 different dates (August 20, 2020; January 20, 2021; and March 20, 2021) would likely lead to transmission events that are similar to community transmission rates (0.06 vs 0.07, 2.38 vs 2.39, and 0.67 vs 0.60, respectively). However, differences between event and background transmissions substantially widened in the upper tails of the distribution of the number of infections (as denoted by their respective 99th quantiles: 1 vs 1, 19 vs 8, and 6 vs 3, respectively, for our 3 dates), further demonstrating that sole reliance on vaccination and antigen testing to gain entry would likely significantly underestimate the tail risk of the event.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the unknowns surrounding COVID-19 transmission, our estimation pipeline opens the discussion on contextualized risk assessment by combining the best tools at hand to assess the order of magnitude of the risk. Our model can be applied to any future event and is presented in a user-friendly RShiny interface. Finally, we discussed our model’s limitations as well as avenues for model evaluation and improvement.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Surveilans Demam Berdarah Dengue Berbasis Mobile sebagai Sistem Peringatan Dini Outbreak di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Salim Marko Ferdian , Syairaji M. , Wahyuli Krida Tri , Muslim Nida Nur Aulia
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan nasional. Salah satu strategi yang tepat untuk menurunkan angka kejadian DBD adalah surveilans DBD. Namun, surveilans DBD selama ini dikerjakan oleh petugas surveilansmasih dikerjakan dengan carasecara manual sehingga hal ini menyebabkan keterlambatan pelaporan, tidak update-nya data, dan penyajian informasi yang tidak mendukung dalam pengambilan keputusan.Tujuan: Merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi surveilans DBD berbasis mobile sebagai sistem peringatan dini outbreak di Kota Yogyakarta.Metode: Research and development ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Gondokusuman II Kota Yogyakarta pada April-Oktober 2020. Subjek penelitian adalah petugas surveilans puskesmas dan kader. Objek penelitian adalah Sistem Informasi Surveilans DBD. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, Focus Group Discussion, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi.Hasil: Pengguna memerlukan sistem informasi surveilans kasus DBD berbasis mobile yang mengakomodir perekaman data melalui digitalisasi komponen formulir yang digunakan, fitur koordinasi antarpengguna, serta fitur pemetaan kasus. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rancangan proses sistem dalam diagram unified modelling language, rancangan basis data dalam entity relationship diagram serta prototipe tampilan antarmuka sistem.Kesimpulan: Rancangan sistem informasi surveilans berbasis mobile yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dan sebaiknya digunakan sebagai blueprint untuk proses konstruksi sistem.
The Nature of Love: Sydney Carton in Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities and Jay Gatsby in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby
Authors: Chowdhury Maria Boshra , Haque Md. Ziaul
Published: May 2021

This article makes a comparative study of “A Tale of Two Cities” and “The Great Gatsby” and evaluates the genuine love of Sydney Carton and Jay Gatsby for their beloveds. Sydney Carton and Jay Gatsby are the two main characters in “A Tale of Two Cities” and “The Great Gatsby”. This paper examines their nature of love under certain contexts. In the final analysis, it will be cleared that the authentic love of Sydney Carton and Jay Gatsby to their heroines Lucie Manette and Daisy Buchanan are rare in this modern world. They present passion, responsibility, respect, understanding, desire, liability, love, concern, feelings, etc., to their heroines. Both of them lead a troublesome life as they struggle, survive, and sacrifice for Lucie and Daisy a lot. From this, we can understand that only desire cannot create love. Here, the real meaning and nature of love will be discussed in the view of the two texts. Examining these, we can understand the meaning of love that helps us to differentiate between real love and fake love and the significance of actual love. By this, it can instruct people to become honest in their love by having true feelings which we can call genuine love. The study tries to discover many similarities and dissimilarities between both the characters, Sydney Carton and Jay Gatsby. Indeed, their nature of love and deeds make them extraordinary.
Рецензия на книгу В. Л. Квинта «Стратегическое лидерство Амира Тимура: комментарии к Уложению»
Authors: Tolstykh T. O. , Galiev Zh. K.
Published: May 2021

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ITINERÁRIO MACHADIANO: UMA PROPOSTA DE APLICAÇÃO DO LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO VISANDO FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR
Authors: Da Silva Marcela Verônica , Lamino de Araújo Rita de Cássia
Published: May 2021

Corroborando o fato de o Letramento literário ser prática social e, como tal, constituir-se em responsabilidade da escola, este artigo visa apresentar uma proposta pedagógica que permita ao professor a aplicação de um itinerário rumo à apreensão da obra de Machado de Assis por alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Esse itinerário corresponde às etapas de motivação, introdução, leitura, interpretação e expansão elencadas por Cosson (2006).
O FUTURO DO LEITOR OU O LEITOR DO FUTURO: O LIVRO INFANTIL INTERATIVO E OS LETRAMENTOS MÚLTIPLOS
Authors: Frederico Aline
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo explora o livro infantil interativo como forma de expressão literária que exige do leitor infantil orquestrar diversos tipos de letramento para, em última instância, desenvolver sua capacidade de ler criticamente textos multimodais, digitais e interativos diversos. O modelo de análise envolvendo os níveis perceptivo, estrutural e ideológico (SERAFINI, 2010; 2015) é proposto para promover, por meio dos livros digitais, a articulação de múltiplos letramentos na escola.
LEITURAS MEDIADAS DO CONTO NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Scheffel Marcos Vinícius
Published: May 2021

No ensino médio, a literatura costuma aparecer como conhecimento enciclopédico e leitura de simulacros de obras literárias. O presente trabalho questiona tais práticas e oferece como alternativa uma abordagem em que o professor se torna mediador de leituras, direcionando seu foco de atuação para a recepção dos textos pelos alunos. Para ilustrar tal proposta, comentam-se as possibilidades didáticas do conto em sala de aula.
ENTRETIEN AVEC ROGER CHARTIER
Authors: Dias André , Feres Beatriz dos Santos
Published: May 2021

Entrevista com Roger Chartier..---Entrevista original em francês, com tradução para português.
A pós-modernidade e a leitura de obras literárias
Authors: Ferreira Anderson
Published: May 2021

À luz das discussões advindas da Filosofia e da Teoria Social acerca da pós-modernidade, este trabalho busca refletir, por uma perspectiva discursiva, sobre o lugar da leitura de obras literárias na contemporaneidade. Procura-se compreender como as práticas sociais como a leitura de livros são transformadas pelas condições sóÂ­cio-históricas do atual período histórico e pelas práticas discursivas em torno dela.
Uma abordagem ecolinguística das preposições portuguesas
Authors: Simião Lajla Katherine Rocha
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como tema o estudo das preposições a partir da Ecologia das Relações Espaciais (ERE) equiparado ao que é apresentado nas gramáticas normativas, dessa maneira, objetiva-se expor a ERE e contrasta-la com as descrições que as gramáticas fazem das preposições a partir de uma perspectiva Ecolinguística
A ilha Amapá - panorama ecolingístico da fronteira franco-brasileira
Authors: Nascimento Day Kelly Cristina
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta um panorama da fronteira francoÂ­-brasileira a partir dos fundamentos epistemológicos da Ecolinguística. O aparato teórico-metodológico utilizado na formatação deste quadro tem por base a perspectiva ecolinguística de Calvet (1999), a abordagem ecossistêmiÂ­ca proposta por Couto (2007), além dos fundamentos meÂ­todológicos da pesquisa descritiva de cunho etnográfico.
‘The return of the native by Thomas Hardy: Eustacia Vye or the bovarysme embodied in Wessex”
Authors: Goater Thierry
Published: May 2021

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is one of the great English novelists of the late Victorian era. Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure are among his most famous novels. If he was not directly influenced by Gustave Flaubert’s aesthetics, Hardy was very much inspired by the heroine of Madame Bovary. Indeed, quite a few of Hardy’s female characters, whether in his novels or in his short stories, suffer with varying degrees from “bovarysme’, the disease of imagination and affectivity which is one of Emma Bovary’s central features. This paper aims to shed light on the posterity of Flaubert’s character through Eustacia Vye, the heroine of The Return of the Native, to show to what extent she represents not a pale imitation but an original variation on an essential model of Western literature.
Contacts de langues et geopolitique des langues romanes
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article nous concevons premièremenet le contact entre les langues à partir de différentes configurations pour, ensuite, analyser la géopolitique des langues romanes, représentées par les trois grands ensembles linguistiques, soit, les ensembles francophone, hispanophone et lusophone. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Contato de línguas e geopolítica das línguas românicasNeste artigo, concebemos primeiramente o contato entre as línguas a partir de diferentes configurações para, em seguida, analisar a geopolítica das línguas românicas, representadas pelos três grandes grupos linguísticos, isto é, os grupos francófono, hispanófono e lusófono.---Artigo em francês.
‘Farewel happy fields”: o problema de Satã a partir do confronto entre o Milton poeta e Milton cristão
Authors: Santos Andrio de Jesus Rosa dos
Published: May 2021

A crítica de Paradise Lost costuma assumir duas direções contrastantes, devido ao fato de Milton ser tanto um revoÂ­lucionário quanto um poeta cristão. Em uma delas, o Satã de Milton é interpretado como uma figura revolucionária; em outra, é considerado o inimigo da humanidade. AsÂ­sim, pretendemos discorrer acerca do problema de Satã a partir do confronto entre o Milton poeta e Milton cristão.
Introducción al problema de enrutamiento de vehículos en la logística de distribución
Authors: Toro Ocampo Eliana Mirledy , Castañeda Londoño John Fredy , Gallego Rendón Ramón Alfonso
Published: May 2021

Este libro presenta un modelo matemático flexible y una metodología metaheurística que puede ser adaptada a diferentes variantes del problema de enrutamiento. Este se basa en el problema clásico del agente viajero, travel salesman problem (TSP), donde se necesita definir una ruta que visite todos los nodos una única vez. En algunas aplicaciones no se permite que la longitud de ruta exceda un límite de tiempo o de distancia, lo que hace necesaria la confección de varias trayectorias o ciclos para visitar todo el conjunto de clientes, esto configura el problema de múltiples agentes viajeros, multitravel salesman problem (M-TSP). En ambos problemas, el objetivo es visitar todos los clientes, minimizando la sumatoria de los arcos activos.
Neurological Complications Following Frozen Elephant Trunk for Aortic Dissection: What’s Truly to Blame?
Authors: Tan Sven Zhen Cian Patrick , Elsantawy Hazem , Abdelhaliem Amr
Published: May 2021

Total arch repair (TAR) has become a mainstay of the surgical management
of complex pathologies of the ascending aorta and aortic arch, in
particular acute Type A aortic dissections (ATAAD). TAR with devices
such as the frozen elephant trunk (FET) have been shown to dramatically
improve clinical outcomes in such cases. However, TAR with FET remains
an immensely challenging procedure, and the risk of debilitating
postoperative complications remains high. Spinal cord ischaemia (SCI)
and stroke are two particularly tragic adverse outcomes of TAR with FET;
it is unsurprising therefore that much research has been done to
determine both the underlying cause thereof, and strategies to mitigate
this risk. Mousavizadeh and colleagues produced a fascinating systematic
review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between the
duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and the risk of
developing complications including SCI and stroke. Their data seem to
suggest HCA duration is a key factor in causing SCI and stroke following
TAR with FET for ATAAD. However, other factors such as stent sizing and
landing zone also contribute. Further prospective research into this
relationship is recommended to fully elucidate what truly is to blame
for these postoperative neurological complications.
La nuova generazione di fotobioreattori algali per la cattura della CO2
Authors: Colucci Pasquale
Published: May 2021

Ad oggi si sente sempre più spesso parlare del problema del
surriscaldamento globale dovuto ad un sempre maggiore inquinamento
atmosferico da parte delle industrie, agricoltura, automobili ecc.,
tutto ciò sta portando il nostro pianeta a frequenti e pericolosi
disastri ambientali. Molti studi infatti evidenziano che se non ci sarà
un inversione di tendenza arriveremo ad un punto di non ritorno oltre il
quale la Terra arriverà al collasso. Ad oggi tra le tecnologie in uso
per ridurre questo fenomeno la più utilizzata risulta la “Carbon
Capture and Storage” la quale nonostante sia stata ampiamente
sviluppata, questa risulta estremamente costose e richiedono molta
energia. Essa rappresenta semplicemente una soluzione temporanea, che
rende irrealizzabile uno sviluppo completo sulla scala richiesta .Una
soluzione tecnologica che sta dando risultati incoraggianti circa la
cattura dell’anidride carbonica è la “Biological Carbon Capture and
Utilizations”. Quest’ultima consiste nel bio-sequestro della
CO attraverso fabbriche di cellule microalgali, le
quali poi potranno essere utilizzata per la produzione di biofuel,
bioenergia e altri prodotti a valore aggiunto