bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The long-term effects of static stretching at different times of day on hamstring peak torque and flexibility in trained individuals
Authors: Abdel-Aziem Amr Almaz , Draz Amira Hussin , Mosaad Dalia Mohammed
Published: July 2018

Purpose

There is some recent evidence that temporal specificity is important for optimizing training for muscular performance. This study was to examine the long-term effects of static stretching performed at different times of day on hamstring torque and flexibility.

Methods

The total of 60 trained male subjects with tight hamstring were selected and randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Group A received static stretch in the morning (07:00–9:00), group B in the afternoon (13:00–16:00), and group C in the evening (18:00–20:00). The hamstring isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque and knee extension range of motion were assessed before and after 6 weeks of static stretching (3 repetitions of 30 s, 5 times/week).

Results

A statistically significant increase was observed in hamstring concentric and eccentric torque, and flexibility after static stretching at different times of day (p < 0.05). The concentric and eccentric torque post-training values were significantly higher than the pre-training values (p < 0.05). The hamstring flexibility post-training values of groups B and C were significantly higher than for group A (p < 0.05). The torque and flexibility change scores of groups B and C were significantly higher than for group A (p < 0.05), without any significant difference between groups B and C (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Afternoon and evening static stretching is more effective than morning stretching in improving the hamstring concentric and eccentric torque and flexibility. Therefore, static stretching is a time-dependent task and should be scheduled by clinicians, coaches, and athletes in the afternoon or evening.
Rehabilitation protocol after radial head arthroplasty – a single centre experience and narrative review of the literature
Authors: Prostak Paweł , Olchowy Cyprian , Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

Radial head fractures are relatively common injuries – they represent about 1.5–4% of all fractures and approximately 1/3 of fractures of the elbow. Nevertheless, treatment algorithms and rehabilitation plans in such injuries still remain controversial. One of the treatment methods is arthroplasty of the radial head. It is suitable for patients classified as II or III Mason type with concomitant instability and limited mobility of the elbow joint. Arthroplasty of the radial head aims at restoring joint stability, as well as early mobilization and rehabilitation. Currently in Poland, 200–250 alloplastic implantations of the radial head are performed per year (according to the Central Database of Arthroplasties) and this number is increasing annually. Consequently, physicians and physiotherapists may face that problem more frequently than only several years ago in their everyday clinical practice. For patients who underwent this type of surgery, there exists no unified, widely accepted rehabilitation protocol, neither in Poland nor worldwide. It has been proven that rehabilitation plays an important role in restoring the functioning of patients after arthroplasty of the radial head; however, it is difficult to find scientific reports and studies with therapeutic schemes that would provide guidelines for physiotherapy, active exercises, manual therapy, and muscle strength improving exercises. The aim of this review is to analyse and compare information about rehabilitation process after surgery of proximal radius that is available in the literature. The authors also present their own experience and results.
Psycho-emotional state and quality of life characteristics in women with post-mastectomy syndrome with different types of attitude to the disease
Authors: Odynets Tetiana , Briskin Yuriy , Sydorko Oleh
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of the psycho-emotional state and quality of life in women with post-mastectomy syndrome with different types of attitude to the disease at the dispensary stage of rehabilitation.

Methods

Theoretical analysis of literature sources; sociological methods (surveys); mathematical statistical methods. An interview of 115 women with late symptoms of post-mastectomy syndrome was conducted with the use of 3 validated questionnaires: Type of Attitude towards the Disease, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast. The women had undergone surgical treatment and adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer.

Results

Women with a rational type of attitude towards the disease were more likely to have significantly (p < 0.01) better indicators of physical well-being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being, as well as fewer manifestations of anxiety compared with those with intrapsychic and interpsychic attitudes.

Conclusions

The findings have shown that the revealed peculiarities of attitude towards the disease in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome justify the need for increased attention to their life quality indicators and psychological characteristics.
Physical therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (analysis of the evidence-based medicine)
Authors: Tymruk-Skoropad Kateryna , Tsizh Lyubov , Vynogradskyi Bogdan , Pavlova Iuliia
Published: July 2018

Introduction

The purpose of the study is to present the forms of rehabilitation used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in various centres. Widespread occurrence of COPD, significant disability, high treatment costs, permanently increasing and more profound knowledge about the pathogenesis and course of COPD lead to a comprehensive study of respiratory rehabilitation and physical therapy of the disease.

Methods

The selected databases were Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Embase. Clinical trials were analysed from the ClinicalTrials.gov database. The search was performed on July 20, 2017, with the following search terms: ‘COPD,’ ‘COPD exercises,’ COPD rehabilitation,’ ‘COPD physical activity,’ ‘COPD physical therapy.’

Results

The share of the research on exercises for COPD cases amounts to 20% of the total number of publications (1984 references). The largest number of COPD studies proved to come from the PubMed database. In 2012, this number made up 3588 entries (135% increase over the previous 10 years).

Conclusions

In evidence-based medicine databases, in the total number of the published research results pertaining to COPD, the proportion of studies on rehabilitation makes up 9.8–15.95%, and that of physical therapy constitutes 3.8–11.5%. Taking into consideration the conclusions of systematic reviews with reference to the key role of rehabilitation and physical therapy in the COPD patients’ treatment, close attention should be focused currently on the identification of indispensable components of respiratory rehabilitation and the evaluation of its efficacy.
Ultrasonographic evaluation and comparison of articular cartilage of the femur condyles between the limbs in patients with an elevated Q angle
Authors: Kusiak Maciej , Kawczyński Adam
Published: July 2018

Introduction

TPatellofemoral pain may be caused by an increase of the pressure of the joint surfaces in the patella and the femur, and, as a consequence, a premature abrasion of joint cartilage. The aim of the study was an ultrasonographic evaluation and comparison of articular cartilage of the femur condyles between the limbs in patients with an elevated Q angle.

Methods

The total of 13 women aged 35–45 years with the Q angle exceeding 15° took part in the research. The measurement of the Q angle was carried out with a goniometer. The thickness of joint cartilage was measured with the ultrasound scanner HONDA HS-2200. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was applied. The variance test ANOVA for independent samples allowed to evaluate the differences of the measured parameters. The Bonferroni test was applied for multiple comparison.

Results and conclusions

The analysis did not depict any statistically significant differences in the thickness of cartilage of the lateral condyle (p = 0.83) or the medial condyle (p = 0.12), or in the Q angle (p = 1.00) between the right and left limb. The changes in thickness of the joint cartilage covering the lateral and medial condyles occurred symmetrically in both limbs.
Acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities on urine loss in older women
Authors: Menezes Enaiane Cristina , Virtuoso Janeisa Franck , Gurjão André Luiz Demantova , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: July 2018

Introduction

To evaluate the acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities (moderate and vigorous) on urine loss in older women with mixed and stress urinary incontinence.

Methods

The total of 16 older women with urinary incontinence underwent 2 sessions of resistance exercises involving different muscle groups. In a balanced crossover design, 1 of the 2 exercise intensities (12 or 6 repetitions maximum, RM) was applied in each session. The pad test was used to assess urine loss in the 2 sessions, with a weight increase of 2 g as the criterion. Differences in the pad test results between the sessions were compared with the use of the Wilcoxon test.

Results

The mean pad weight was 0.69 ± 0.94 g at the intensity of 12RM and 0.50 ± 0.53 g at 6RM. In accordance with the cut-off adopted (2 g), only 2 of the 16 women lost urine. No significant difference in the pad test results (p = 0.975) was observed between the 2 resistance exercise intensities.

Conclusions

Resistance exercise performed at different intensities (moderate and vigorous) did not cause urine loss in older women with urinary incontinence.
Physiotherapy in Kinsbourne syndrome: a case report
Authors: Junior Paulo Roberto Fonseca , Santana Daiane de Lima , Covolo Natália Marques , Scaransi Catharine Ranieri , Vale Vanessa Donato do
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of physiotherapy on ataxia and functional capacity in an individual with Kinsbourne syndrome.

Methods

A case study of a 25-year-old male diagnosed with Kinsbourne syndrome undergoing a physiotherapy program in an in-hospital environment for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, with 40-minute sessions.

Results

The results in the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) score decreased significantly after the physiotherapeutic intervention, revealing a significant reduction of ataxia symptoms. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores differed between the pre- and post-physiotherapeutic intervention, with improvement in the activities of the self-care domain and transfers.

Conclusions

The study showed that after physiotherapy, the patient with Kinsbourne syndrome improved his functional capacity and ataxia pattern, suggesting that a physiotherapy intervention may improve coordination and activities of daily living in people with this rare disease.
Effect of Internal Control System on Employee Performance of Small-Scale Manufacturing Enterprises in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olufunmilayo Adedeji Abosede , Hannah Olubodun Opeyemi
Published: July 2018

The study was aimed at examining the influence of internal control system on employee performance. The population was 4,500 enterprises registered with the Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists (NASSI) in Ondo State, out of which 195 randomly selected manufacturing enterprises formed the sample of the study. Primary data were collected and analysed using percentages and mean. The hypothesised model structure was analysed using ordered logistic regression with the significant level at p=0.05. The Pseudo R2 of 0.0353 indicated that the significant independent variables of the model accounted for 3.53% variation in the employee performance. Other factors which did not form part of the variables of the model accounted for the remaining variation. The study revealed that control environment and monitoring have significant effect on employee performance. The study concluded that internal control system significantly have influence on employee performance of small scale manufacturing enterprises in Ondo State, Nigeria. It was recommended that small scale manufacturing enterprises should give priority to be implementation of internal control system components since they influence employee performance and ultimately organisational performance.
Cutting a Long Story Short?: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Cyprus
Authors: Demesticha Stella
Published: July 2018

Since the 1960s, underwater archaeological work in Cyprus has been conducted by non-Cypriot teams, although the local archaeological community always acknowledged the importance of the sea in the history of the island. During the last decade, the field has been incorporated in the local academic activity and several underwater projects have been conducted by the University of Cyprus. Moreover, the Department of Antiquities has created conservation facilities and has made significant changes in the Antiquities Law in order to ensure the protection of underwater antiquities. This paper discusses the different aspects of maritime archaeology that have been developed in Cyprus through the years, as well as the local social and political contexts that have impacted them. The discussion touches on similar patterns attested in the history of the discipline in other Mediterranean countries.
Maritime Archaeology in the Developing World: The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Semaan Lucy
Published: July 2018

European travelers from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries only briefly mention harbor remains at famous archaeological sites such as Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre. By the mid-nineteenth century, harbors attracted a more focused interest mainly by French scholars. Jesuit Father Antoine Poidebard initiated the discipline of underwater archaeology, while successfully applying the technique of aerial photography to his study of ancient harbors. The advent of the aqualung in 1943 brought a new sense of professionalism to the field with pioneers embodying both trades: diving and archaeology. This article explores the theoretical and contextual development of maritime archaeology in Lebanon and looks at the main actors who brought the field forward.
Diagnosis, management and prophylaxis of bleeding related to post-esophageal variceal band ligation ulcer in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Lima Talles Bazeia , Silva Giovanni Faria , Romeiro Fernando Gomes
Published: July 2018

Esophageal varices develop in half of cirrhotic patients. Endoscopic variceal band ligation is the current treatment for acute bleeding and applicable for primary and secondary prophylaxis. However, there is a risk of complications, including ligationinduced ulcer bleeding. The aim of this study is to review the current diagnosis, management and prophylaxis of bleeding related to post-esophageal variceal band-ligation ulcers in cirrhotic patients. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles about the theme. The main findings were that Child-Pugh class C, higher model of end-stage liver disease, emergency ligation, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, peptic esophagitis and bacterial infection were reported as the most important risk factors for post-banding ulcer hemorrhage. There are few studies with proton pump inhibitors and sucralfate showing size reduction of post-banding ulcers. Many treatment modalities have been used to control post band ulcer bleeding, such as band local injection of epinephrine or cyanoacrylate, balloon tamponade, stent placement and ligation of the ulcerated bleeding site. However, the optimal management remains uncertain. The principal conclusions of the study were that post-banding ulcer bleeding is potentially life-threatening and must be suspected in the presence of hematemesis, melena or anemia after endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL). Predictors of rebleeding must be assessed and controlled as much as possible before band ligation. The post-banding treatment with proton pump inhibitors or sucralfate seems advisable, in particular for high-risk patients. Further investigation and new approaches are still required to achieve optimal management of this complication.
Redesigning Academic Website for Better Visibility and Footprint: A Case of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Website
Authors: Ojugo Arnold Adimabua , Otakore D. O.
Published: July 2018

Usability is the focal point on which webometric is studied as it seeks to ascertain the experience and convenience level of users who interact with a web-based systems. It scores vital aspects of the website based on certain criteria. Thus, the website’s design, architecture and deployment must be poised to change, reshape and refocus a user’s image while satisfying the user’s search quest about the institution. Our study is an investigation of website usability based on some criteria that describes usability of academic websites with a focus on the Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Nigeria. Result shows the strengths and weaknesses (problems cum prospects) of the websites in relation to redesigning and improving the university website. Its major strength is in its content and architecture; While, the site struggled to ensure effective search, navigation, design and others. Findings suggest that the FUPRE websites is lacking in various usability areas.
De tijd van gewortelde vreemdelingen
Authors: Stronks Martijn
Published: July 2018

De tijd van gewortelde vreemdelingen

In dit artikel wordt langs wijsgerige weg de verhouding tussen tijd, identiteit en het verlenen van (sterkere) verblijfsaanspraken aan migranten onderzocht en verhelderd door een nieuwe betekenis van de term worteling voor te stellen. Want wat is worteling nu eigenlijk? Het is de relatie tussen menselijke tijd, worteling en het migratierecht die in dit artikel filosofisch wordt uitgediept. Dit om te verklaren waarom we in het migratierecht vreemdelingen in het algemeen na verloop van tijd sterkere aanspraken verlenen. In dit artikel wordt betoogd dat het verblijf van vreemdelingen op het grondgebied ervoor zorgt dat hun leven aldaar na verloop van tijd een vanzelfsprekend onderdeel uitmaakt van hun identiteit, en van het leven van anderen. Het is dit vanzelfsprekend worden van mensen door de tijd dat de grond is voor het bestaan van formele tijdscriteria voor insluiting in het migratierecht.
Synodaliteit: nieuw elan in kerkelijk leiderschap
Authors: van der Helm Ad
Published: July 2018

Synodality: new impetus for church leadership. A canon law contribution to the development of ecclesial administration in the aftermath of Vatican II council

The article is a plea to reconsider the new impetus that the second Vatican council in the catholic church has brought about, and to give it shape in the ecclesiastical administration of the catholic church. After a period of strong renewal this movement seems to be evaporated in the Netherlands, whereas this council and the code of 1983 have a lot of opportunities to offer. On the basis of a number of concrete examples of administrative reforms that Pope Francis and some of the newly appointed bishops have realized, the author offers some concrete proposals.
Монгол, Орос, Хятад гурван улсын эдийн засгийн коридор байгуулах оху, БНХАУ-ын сонирхол
Authors: Ж Гөлгөө , Б Индра
Published: July 2018

Эдийн засгийн коридор хэмээх нэр томьёо 10-аад жилийн өмнөөс олон улсын харилцаанд нэвтэрч байгаа бөгөөд гол агуулга нь “Газар зүйн тодорхой орон зай дахь дэд бүтцийн сүлжээ бөгөөд тухайн нутаг бүс нутгийнхаа эдийн засгийн хөгжлийг дэмжих зорилготой”. Монголчууд бид эдийн засгийн коридорын агуулгад чухамхүү энэ цар хүрээлэг байр сууринаас хандаж бодлого, үйл ажиллагаагаа хэрэгжүүлэх учиртай. Чингэхийн тулд манай гурван улсын эдийн засгийн интеграци бий болгох хоёр хөршийн сонирхол чухам юу вэ гэдгийг мэдэх нь чухал. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Орос, Хятад хоёр улсын дэвшүүлээд буй эдийн засгийн интеграци явуулах стратегийн санаачлагууд, тэдгээрийг дэвшүүлэх болсон үндэслэл, зорилго, зорилт, гол агуулгыг авч үзлээ.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—Towards Daily Practice
Authors: Domagała-Kulawik Joanna
Published: July 2018

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionized therapy of solid tumors, among them- lung cancer. PD-1, PD-L1 blockers have been shown to improve overall survival in advanced, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. In individual patients, 3-5-year survival has been achieved. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab are approved in lung cancer treatment. Practical observations in reallife show that the results are comparable with those achieved in clinical trials. The effects of ICIs depend on the patient performance status; age, sex, histology; the presence of brain metastases have not modified treatment results. ICIs therapy is safe and well tolerated; immune related adverse events are observed. Pneumonitis may be a serious and fatal complication, but glucocorticoids are usually curative. For proper patients selection for ICIs treatment, the detection of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells is used. The so-called “hot” tumors with high expression of PD-L1 and abundant infiltration by cytotoxic cells seem to better respond to treatment than “cold” tumors.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Authors: Sultanguzin Ildar , Toepfer Hannes , Kalyakin Ivan , Govorin Alexandr , Zhigulina Ekaterina , Kurzanov Sergey , Yavorovsky Yury
Published: July 2018

The article examines three different kinds of mathematical model of nearly zero energy building. The first model enables to optimize the structure and the definition of key parameters of energy efficient building. The second model is necessary for passive house designing with renewable energy sources. The third model should be used for monitoring and control of energy supply system of nearly zero energy building through year every hour of winter and summer.
Struktura i kondycja zdrowotna populacji „Cisy Łagowsko-Sulęcińskie” w Nadleśnictwie Świebodzin
Authors: Nawrocka-Grześkowiak Urszula , Nowak Grzegorz , Nowakowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

Tests were carried out on „CisyŁagowsko-Sulęcińskie” located within the ZielonaGóra Regional Directorate for State Forests, Świebodzin Forest District (Długoszyn forest inspectorate). These yew trees were artificially introduced, and they are approximately 150 to 180 years old. The purpose of the researchwas to determine the size and structure of the yew population, assess their health and environmental conditions. 141 yew trees were catalogued standing in three groupsand 88 plants that grow loosely on the site.The girths of the tree trunks were between 70 and 90 cm and even 110 cm, and for multi-trunk trees between 50 and 60 cm. Most yew trees are healthy but there are some with dead or missing tips.
Хронотоп „памятки пеняцкой” как модель музеефикации лесных резерватов
Authors: Чернобай Юрий
Published: July 2018

Резервату «Памятка Пеняцкая» исполнилось 130 лет (основан в 1868 г.). Это первый резерват Польши и Украины. Его природный потенциал и сложная история являются ценной моделью для изучения стабильности лесного сообщества. Музеологическая концепция хронотопа позволяет сохранять в виртуальной форме утраченные свойства резервата и определить эффективность восстановительного процесса.

null
Manifestations of Sovereignty in Venezuela and the Spirit of Bolivarian Revolution
Authors: Moncrieff Zabaleta Henry
Published: July 2018

On December 8, 2012, in the last speech of the late Comandante Hugo Chávez, the issue of Venezuelan sovereignty reached its climax with the succinct phrase – ‘Today we have Homeland! (Patria)’. Currently, Venezuela is going through a large-scale political conflict, trying to make sense of a pressing economic and humanitarian crisis. The so-called Bolivarian Revolution that began in 1999 as a project of revolutionary and anti-imperialist democracy, plays out today at an unprecedented geopolitical scale, increasingly appearing in international media, a media that distorts the many points of tension between the war and the resistance that Venezuelans experience in their daily lives. The slogan ‘We have Homeland! (Patria)’ has become the center of discord, splitting this nation: while some defend Venezuelan nationalist socialism, others oppose the system that has ‘ruined’ the country’s economy. This photographic essay, produced between 2012 and 2016, as a part of the author’s ethnographic work on geographies and socialist societies in Venezuela, shows the complex ways in which the discourse of national and territorial sovereignty materializes in the state, in the body, in the ways of life, in the city, in the neighborhoods and in the deserters of the Venezuelan socialist regime that faces neoliberal globalization.  Living between the borders of two economies articulated by the state, one socialist and the other capitalist, renders the Venezuelan spirit a subject that is both challenging and contradictory, something that manifests itself in Bolivarianism, the cult of Chávez, the attachment to consumer goods, the ‘escape’ from the system (even in the Caribbean Sea) and the anguish over the economic and political confinement of lives.
Migration, Class, and Black Religiosity
Authors: Wolfskill Phoebe
Published: July 2018

Chapter 3 examines the ways in which Motley, alongside numerous black and nonblack artists and scholars, explored religious affiliation as an indicator of socioeconomic class. While Motley renders demonstrative forms of worship through genre scenes of modernist abbreviation and stereotypical figuration, two delicate portraits position his paternal grandmother and himself as contemplative Catholics surrounded by the accouterments of middle-class life. Analyzing Motley’s attention to religiosity alongside the appearance of demonstrative religion in works by Thomas Hart Benton and Jacob Lawrence, the chapter considers the ways in which artistic focus on religious practices spoke to the desire to preserve and respect indigenous customs, while also positioning them as possessing an emotional power at odds with a modern society deemed rational and progressive. The chapter thus considers how Motley contributes not only to an occasionally problematic articulation of Old and New Negroes, but also to a larger discussion of class, regional difference, and bias within American scene art.
“Humor Ill-Advised, If Not Altogether Tasteless?”
Authors: Wolfskill Phoebe
Published: July 2018

Chapter 4 examines the ways in which caricature and stereotype informed articulations of African Americans in early twentieth-century art and visual culture. Although many artists embraced stereotypical figuration during this period for immediate readability, the appearance of caricatured figuration in the work of Motley and many of his contemporaries raises questions about the weight of historical representations of blackness within the collective mind. This chapter considers the use of caricature in relation to modernist forms of distortion and exaggeration, the persistence and relative acceptance of racial stereotype in visual culture—particularly as a satirical device—and the various subjectivities that come to play in defining methods of representation as acceptable or harmful. While emphasizing the variety of opinions constituting affirmative portrayals of blackness, a debate that played out in literature as well as art, this chapter explores how representations of black identity continued to rely on stereotype despite the discourse of racial reinvention.
Old and New Negroes, Continued
Authors: Wolfskill Phoebe
Published: July 2018

Chapter 5 concludes the book with a discussion of contemporary polemics regarding racial reinvention in the work of artists Betye Saar and Kara Walker. Saar and Walker more directly engage and critique racial caricature than Motley and his generation, using stereotype not only as a formal device but also as a subject for de- and re-construction. Through disparate methods, Saar and Walker assert the use of caricatured figuration of blackness as a method of confrontation and, for Saar, potential healing. While Saar, who came to the foreground of the feminist and black arts movements in the 1970s, appropriates and modifies racial caricature as a means of invalidating it, younger artist Kara Walker rejects the possibility of defeating this imagery. This chapter positions Motley’s work as a starting place for the continued refashioning of the black image, exploring the ways in which Motley’s generation provided the foundation for Saar’s and Walker’s attempts to address our culture’s malformed conceptions of blackness. Saar, Walker, and many others make clear that debates about racial representation and reinvention do not end with the Negro Renaissance; indeed, Old Negroes and New Negroes continue to evolve before a global audience.
Dovolenkové právo v judikatúre Súdneho dvora EÚ pracovnoprávna úprava Zákonníka práce
Authors: Barancová Helena
Published: July 2018

Po prijatí takmer 30 rozhodnutí Súdneho dvora EÚ osobitne za posledných desať rokov v oblasti dovolenkového práva, je viac než potrebné sa zo strany slovenskej pracovnoprávnej legislatívy zaoberať podstatnými legislatívnymi zmenami dovolenky tak, ako ju podľa právneho stavu de lege lata zakotvuje Zákonník práce Slovenskej republiky ale aj Zákonník práce Českej republiky.Ako z vyššie uvedenej analýzy autora vidno, v najbližšej budúcnosti je potrebné nanovo legislatívne formulovať predpoklady vzniku dovolenky za kalendárny rok a správne upraviť jej osobnú pôsobnosť. Vychádzajúc zo záverov viacerých rozhodnutí Súdneho dvora týkajúcich sa „dovolenkového práva“, ktoré prikazujú členským štátom poskytnúť pracovníkom minimálnu 4-týždňovú dovolenku a ktoré súčasne neumožňujú viazať vznik práva na dovolenku na odpracovanie určitého počtu dní (viď najmä rozhodnutie SD EÚ v právnej veci BECTU, v právnej veci Schulz Hof, ako aj v právnej veci Domingues), bude potrebné nanovo legislatívne formulovať predpoklady vzniku nároku na dovolenku za kalendárny rok. Dovolenku za odpracované dni by bolo potrebné vypustiť z existujúcej pracovnoprávnej úpravy Zákonníka práce, pretože nielen svojím názvom ale aj obsahom sa prieči zákazu viazať vznik nároku na dovolenku na odpracovanie príslušného počtu dní. Minimálna 4-týždňová dovolenka prislúcha zamestnancovi už od prvého dňa výkonu práce, aj keď pri čiastočnom pracovnom úväzku sa vychádza zo zásady pro rata temporis (najmä rozhodnutie Súdneho dvora EÚ v právnej veci Heiman, bod 24 a rozhodnutie v právnej veci Zentralbetriebesrat der Landeskrankenhäuser Tirols, bod 27). Dovolenka má v zmysle smernice 2003/88/ES ako aj judikatúry Súdneho dvora EÚ pracovníkovi prislúchať aj počas dočasnej práceneschopnosti (z uvedeného dôvodu by sa nemala krátiť), aj keď samotný zamestnanec sa môže rozhodnúť neuplatniť dovolenku počas dočasnej práceneschopnosti. Obdobne súladne s doterajšou judikatúrou Súdneho dvora bude treba upraviť celú problematiku krátenia dovolenky nielen pokiaľ ide o dôvody krátenia dovolenky, tak aj o rozsah krátenia dovolenky, ktorý, by nemal byť pod úrovňou minimálnej ročnej dovolenky vyplývajúcej z článku 7 ods. 1 smernice 2003/88/ES, majúceho priamy právny účinok.Osobitnú pozornosť bude treba venovať problému kumulácie nadobudnutých práv zamestnanca, obmedzenie tejto kumulácie v prípade dlhodobej dočasnej práceneschopnosti pracovníka a oprávnenosti takejto kumulácie v prípade iných dôvodov, zvlášť v prípadoch, keď samotný zamestnávateľ neumožní pracovníkovi čerpať dovolenku z rôznych iných dôvodov než je choroba na strane pracovníka (napríklad, ak fyzickú osobu zamestnáva výkonom závislej práce ako „živnostníka“), čo bol aj najnovší prípad rozhodnutia Súdneho dvora EÚ v právnej veci King z konca novembra 2017.
The Negative Determinants of the Taxpayers’ Fiscal Motivation
Authors: Lotko Ewa
Published: July 2018

Cílem tohoto článku je analyzovat motivační postoje daňových poplatníků na základě negativních faktorů, které formují fiskální motivaci. Motivační postoje jsou pevně spjaty s chováním poplatníků daně, a proto je výzkumným problémem hledání odpovědi na otázku, zda motivační postoje jako je odpor, nesouhlas a hra mají vliv na rozhodnutí spáchat daňový únik. Provedený výzkum potvrzuje, že důvěra či její nedostatek k daňovým orgánům, preference vlastního prospěchu, přesvědčení o nedostatečné účinnosti a nákladové efektivnosti při využívání veřejných fondů ovlivňují chování poplatníků daně.
Analisando a gestão educacional em uma escola pública: o atendimento ao alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Negrini Tatiane , Freitas Soraia Napoleão
Published: July 2018

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas discussões que permearam a pesquisa realizada no Curso de Especialização em Gestão Educacional, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, que teve como objetivo geral investigarcomo uma escola, através do processo de gestão educacional, organiza suas propostas administrativas e pedagógicas, para promover o desenvolvimento das potencialidades dos alunos com características de altas habilidades/superdotação. Esta pesquisa segue uma abordagem qualitativa, dotipo Estudo de Caso e foi realizada em uma escola pública da cidade de Santa Maria/RS que possui alunos identificados com características de altas habilidades/superdotação. Como instrumento de pesquisa foi utilizadauma pesquisa documental, com a análise do Projeto Político-Pedagógico e do Regimento da escola, sendo também realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os professores que possuem alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação e uma entrevista semiestruturada com um membro da equipe coordenadora da escola. Também foram realizadas observações nas salas de aula destes professores entrevistados. Este estudo fundamentou-se em publicações do MEC (1905, 2001), como também como autores como Renzulli (2004), Libáneo, Oliveira, Toschi (2005), Lück, (2006), Aranha (2005), entre outros.Palavras-chaves: Gestão educacional; Escola pública; Altas habilidades/superdotação.
La gestión de la calidad de la enseñanza en el marco de un sistema de formación inicial docente: estudio de caso
Authors: Villarroel Pedro Enrique Rosales
Published: July 2018

La investigación se enmarca en el propósito de describir y reconocer desde la perspectiva de los actores el carácter particular de la gestión de la enseflanza en la Escuela de Pedagogia en Historia y Geografia de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, y en sus relaciones con Ias demandas surgidas dei contexto situacional y de Ias definiciones internas articuladas en el Proyeeto Educativo Institucional. La orientación básica de este estudio se inscribe en el campo temático de la Teoria de la organización educativa, el cual se caracteriza por su gran amplitud ynaturaleza multidisciplinar. Más concretamente, esta investigación se basa en las aportaciones que provienen especialmente dei enfoque actual de la calidad. Este trabajo se nutre de los fundamentos teóricos que provienen dei campo temático antes mencionado y de las nuevas perspectivas asociadas a la Formación Inicial de Profesores (FIP). En este contexto la FIP descansa en un entramado organizativo cuyos niveles básicos de análisis son los siguientes: individuo, grupo y organización, elementos claves para interpretar y mejorar con acierto Ia naturaleza particular de las dinámicas microorganizativas que se despliegan en el contexto de la formación.Palabras-clave: calidad de la ensefianza, formación inicial docente,organización escolar.
Formação do professo: reflexões inconclusas
Authors: Gerhardt Márcia Lenir , Guterres Clóvis Renan Jacques
Published: July 2018

Pretendeu-se neste artigo relatar reflexões realizadas a respeito da formação do professor de Artes Visuais no Brasil e na Alemanha. Objetivou-se investigar a formação docente de Artes Visuais na UFSM, bem como as políticas educacionais que envolvem esse percurso. No que tange as questões metodológicas o trabalho pautou-se pelo caráter qualitativo de investigação. A construção dos instrumentos de pesquisa (questionário) foi estruturada a partir das categorias, formação de professores e políticas públicas, previamente respaldadas pela análise documental. Nesta pesquisa, os sujeitos envolvidos foram um docente e um discente do curso de Artes Visuais da UFSM e no âmbito da Alemanha foi possível somente em nível documental. Como conclusão prévia observou-se a preocupação docente e também discente, em formar um educador consciente para atuar na contemporaneidade, bem como a necessidade desse em conhecer a legislação que rege o ensino no país, e as possibilidades de gerenciamento e administração de uma escola. Quanto aos cursos de licenciaturas que cada instituição ou país apresenta, esses possuem suas particularidades na formação docente, sendo que no Brasil são destacadas as políticas públicas como disciplina curricular, sendo tratados de forma conjunta com a formação pedagógica, diferentemente da Alemanha, onde a formação pedagógica é tratada separadamente e o currículo é construido pelo próprio aluno que no final do curso presta um exame estadual.Palavras-chave: formação docente; artes visuais; políticas públicas.
Changing patterns of imperialism and education: the United Kingdom
Authors: Bash Leslie
Published: July 2018

La educación ha sido fundamental para el mantenimiento de los imperios modernos. Las políticas y prácticas educativas bajo el imperialismo británico reflejaron las complejidades, tensiones y conflictos en los diferentes territorios del Imperio. Esto se ilustra con referencias específicas a la Palestina entre guerras y la India Imperial, donde la política educativa a veces tuvo consecuencias imprevistas en sociedades divididas. El imperialismo cultural era un aspecto inherente de la educación colonial con implicaciones curriculares para la escolarización en el Reino Unido. A medida que el Imperio británico sufrió cambios y, finalmente, se redujo, la educación también cambió en respuesta. Sin embargo, el cambio no fue lineal, ya que el legado del imperio continuó tanto en los antiguos territorios coloniales como en el Reino Unido hasta el presente, con implicaciones tanto para las dimensiones formales como informales del aprendizaje. Es importante destacar que el idioma Inglés se mantiene, en diferentes formas, como un símbolo continuo del imperio, junto con respuestas diversas y, a veces complejas en un momento en que la interculturalidad, el post-colonialismo y la globalización han afectado el discurso sobre el Imperio Británico. Al mismo tiempo, el discurso se complica a veces por un aparente resurgimiento del sentimiento imperial mientras que las artes siguen reflejando actitudes críticas hacia el poder imperial del pasado. El artículo concluye con la opinión de que es necesario desarrollar una comprensión crítica de la relación entre educación e imperio para garantizar cambios en la pedagogía con respecto a una mayor inclusión de aquellos con historias de marginación y subordinación.
Cómo diseñar una imagen rural turística. Una propuesta conceptual
Authors: Figueroa González Luis Fernando
Published: July 2018

The aim of this research is to propose, in a conceptual way, a method to design a rural tourist image. Three stages were defined, being the first one the identification of natural resources and characteristics of a community, as well as products feasible to design and commercialize. The second stage was the creation of a competitive advantage, considering the identified elements in the first stage. In the third stage the way to design a rural tourist image, based on the elements defined in the previous stages, was established. This resulted in a way to design an image that can be applied to many rural communities, considering that most of them have natural resources and their own features that make them different among themselves. Therefore, the importance of tourism as an economic activity could be determined. This can be used by rural communities when designing products and services that attract attention and, above all, to have a rural touristic image.
First steps towards mitochondrial pan-genomics: Detailed analysis of Fusarium graminearum mitogenomes
Authors: Brankovics Balázs , Kulik Tomasz , Sawicki Jakub , Bilska Katarzyna , Zhang Hao , de Hoog G Sybren , van der Lee Theo AJ , Waalwijk Cees , van Diepeningen Anne D
Published: July 2018

There is a gradual shift from representing a species’ genome by a single reference genome sequence to a pan-genome representation. Pan-genomes are the abstract representations of the genomes of all the strains that are present in the population or species. In this study, we employed a pan-genomic approach to analyze the intraspecific mitochondrial genome diversity of Fusarium graminearum. We present an improved reference mitochondrial genome for F. graminearum with an intron-exon annotation that was verified using RNA-seq data. Each of the 24 studied isolates had a distinct mitochondrial sequence. Length variation in the F. graminearum mitogenome was found to be largely due to variation of intron regions (99.98%). The “intronless” mitogenome length was found to be quite stable and could be informative when comparing species. The coding regions showed high conservation, while the variability of intergenic regions was highest. However, the most important variable parts are the intron regions, because they contain approximately half of the variable sites, make up more than half of the mitogenome, and show presence/absence variation. Furthermore, our analyses show that the mitogenome of F. graminearum is recombining, as was previously shown in F. oxysporum, indicating that mitogenome recombination is a common phenomenon in Fusarium. The majority of mitochondrial introns in F. graminearum belongs to group I introns, which are associated with homing endonuclease genes (HEGs). Mitochondrial introns containing HE genes may spread within populations through homing, where the endonuclease recognizes and cleaves the recognition site in the target gene. After cleavage of the “host” gene, it is replaced by the gene copy containing the intron with HEG. We propose to use introns unique to a population for tracking the spread of the given population, because introns can spread through vertical inheritance, recombination as well as via horizontal transfer. We demonstrated how pooled sequencing of strains can be used for mining mitogenome data. The usage of pooled sequencing offers a scalable solution for population analysis and for species level comparisons studies. This study may serve as a basis for future mitochondrial genome variability studies and representations.
Interaction of guidance types and the Need for Cognitive Closure in wiki-based learning
Authors: Heimbuch Sven , Bodemer Daniel
Published: July 2018

One purpose of wikis is the collaborative generation of content. During creation processes, controversies between authors emerge that they discuss on the article's talk page. Research suggests that controversies based on opposing points of view and contradictory evidence can be fruitful to trigger individual elaboration processes. However, previous research also showed that many wikis are not necessarily suited to identify relevant discussion contents and thus users need additional support as guidance. In an experimental laboratory study (N = 181) on wiki talk pages, we investigated two guidance measures in conjunction with the need for cognitive closure: (1) visual markers to highlight controversy status (implicit guidance) and (2) a collaboration script that directs users towards discussions (explicit guidance). Effects on wiki processes and learning outcomes were analysed. The results show that both guidance types can affect user behaviours, but in interaction with the individual Need for Cognitive Closure there were no meaningful effects. With respect to learning outcomes, we found an anticipated pattern for the interaction of the Need for Cognitive Closure with both guidance principles. The data provides support for differences in the learning success depending on the provided guidance type and the individual Need for Cognitive Closure.
Great differences in performance and outcome of high-throughput sequencing data analysis platforms for fungal metabarcoding
Authors: Anslan Sten , Nilsson Henrik , Wurzbacher Christian , Baldrian Petr , Tedersoo Leho , Bahram Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Along with recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and thus fast accumulation of HTS data, there has been a growing need and interest for developing tools for HTS data processing and communication. In particular, a number of bioinformatics tools have been designed for analysing metabarcoding data, each with specific features, assumptions and outputs. To evaluate the potential effect of the application of different bioinformatics workflow on the results, we compared the performance of different analysis platforms on two contrasting high-throughput sequencing data sets. Our analysis revealed that the computation time, quality of error filtering and hence output of specific bioinformatics process largely depends on the platform used. Our results show that none of the bioinformatics workflows appear to perfectly filter out the accumulated errors and generate Operational Taxonomic Units, although PipeCraft, LotuS and PIPITS perform better than QIIME2 and Galaxy for the tested fungal amplicon data set. We conclude that the output of each platform require manual validation of the OTUs by examining the taxonomy assignment values.
Determining the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram from Mixed and Partial Traffic Data
Authors: Ji Yangbeibei , Xu Mingwei , Li Jie , Van Zuylen Henk J
Published: July 2018

The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a graphical method used to characterize the traffic state in a road network and to monitor and evaluate the effect of traffic management. For the determination of an MFD, both traffic volumes and traffic densities are needed. This study introduces a methodology to determine an MFD using combined data from probe vehicles and loop detector counts. The probe vehicles in this study were taxis with GPS. The ratio of taxis in the total traffic was determined and used to convert taxi density to the density of all vehicles. This ratio changes over the day and between different links. We found evidence that the MFD was rather similar for days in the same year based on real data collected in Changsha, China. The difference between MFDs made of data from 2013 and 2015 reveals that the modification of traffic control can influence the MFD significantly. A macroscopic fundamental diagram could also be drawn for an area with incomplete data gained from a sample of loop detectors. An MFD based on incomplete data can also be used to monitor the emergence and disappearance of congestion, just as an MFD based on complete traffic data.
Effect of Traffic Information on Travel Time of Medium-distance Trips: A Case Study in Tehran
Authors: Mohammadi Roozbeh , Golroo Amir , Hasani Mahdieh
Published: July 2018

In populated cities with high traffic congestion, traffic information may play a key role in choosing the fastest route between origins and destinations, thus saving travel time. Several research studies investigated the effect of traffic information on travel time. However, little attention has been given to the effect of traffic information on travel time according to trip distance. This paper aims to investigate the relation between real-time traffic information dissemination and travel time reduction for medium-distance trips. To examine this relation, a methodology is applied to compare travel times of two types of vehicle, with and without traffic information, travelling between an origin and a destination employing probe vehicles. A real case study in the metropolitan city of Tehran, the capital of Iran, is applied to test the methodology. There is no significant statistical evidence to prove that traffic information would have a significant impact on travel time reduction in a medium-distance trip according to the case study.