bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERENCANAAN KEPERAWATAN DALAM TINDAKAN PASIEN DIRUMAH SAKIT (KDK)
Authors: Mardyyah Ainun
Published: January 2021

Menurut sejarah, perkembangan keperawatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan struktur dan kemajuan peradaban manusia. Kepercayaan terhadap animisme penyebaran agama-agama besar di dunia serta gerakan reformasi . Asuhan keperawatan pada zaman dahulu diberikan atas dasar naluri sebagai ungkapan kasih sayang seorang ibu kepada keluarga nya yang sakit. Namun sekarang perkembangan keperawatan terus mengalami perubahan pelayanan keperawatan yang dulunya bersifat pelayanan vokasional atau tradisonal sekarang mulai dikaji, dipelajari dan dikembangakan atas dasar kaidah-kaidah ilmiah yang mendasari ilmu keperawatan, sebab ilmu keperawatan merupakan ilmu terapan dan sintesis dari ilmu ilmu dasar danilmu keperawatan.Perawatan adalah sesuatu yang esensial dan sangat penting yang diberikan oleh perawat terhadap individu, keluarga dan masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan memenuhi kebutuhan pasien. Pelayanan yang diberikan adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan semaksimal mungkin sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki dalam menjalankan kegiatan promotif, kuratif, preventif dan rehabilitative dengan menggunakan proses keperwatan. Layanan asuhan keperawatan dilaksanakan oleh tenaga keperawatan yang bekerja sama dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya dalam mencapai kesehatan yang optimal. Perawat sebagai profesi yang memiliki hubungan lebuh dekat dengan pasien dalam pemenuhan kebuthannya, dibutuhkan suatu pendekatan dengan metode ilmiah dan sistematis sehingga mempermudah pemecahan masalah pasien. Metode tersebut adalah proses keperawatan.Proses keperawatan merupakan metode ilmiah yang digunakan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan uang professional. Dimana saja perawat bekerja, menghadapi segala maacam kasus, melayani pasien dalam segala tingkat usia perawat harus menerapkan proses keperawatan. Setiap perawat diwajibkan dapat memahami dan melaksanakan proses keperawatan dan diharapkan setiap proses keperawatan disususn dalam dokumentasi status kesehatan pasien
Glioblastoma Multiforme Patient Survival Prediction
Authors: Rajput Snehal , Agravat Rupal , Roy Mohendra , Raval Mehul S
Published: January 2021

Glioblastoma Multiforme is a very aggressive type of brain tumor. Due to spatial and temporal intra-tissue inhomogeneity, location, the extent of cancer tissue, it is difficult to detect and dissect tumor regions. In this paper, we propose survival prognosis models using four regressors operating on handcrafted image-based and radiomics features. We hypothesize that radiomics shape features have highest correlation with survival prediction. The proposed approaches were evaluated on Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS-2020) challenge dataset. The image features with random forest regressor approach’s highest accuracy was 51.5% and 51.7% for the training and validation dataset. The gradient boosting regressor with shape features gave the accuracy of 91.5% and 62.1% on training and validation datasets. It is better than the BraTS 2020 survival prediction challenge winners on training and validation datasets. Our work shows that handcrafted features exhibit strong correlation with survival prediction. The consensus based regressor with gradient boosting and radiomics shape features is the best combination for survival prediction.
Teropong Warung Lesehan di Tegal
Authors: fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Konon keluarga yang belum di karunia anak, maka keluarga tersebut akan melakukan ritual mantu poci. Mantu poci dirayakan seperti perayaan pernikahan sepasang manusia mulai menyebar undangan hingga proresi akad nikah.Kehadiran warung lesehan cukup menodai tradisi ini, bahkan tampak tempat itu seperti lokalisasi, masyarakat yang ingin membeli makanan, mengurungkan niatnya. Mungkin saja, khawatir di sangka berbuat macam-macam dan takut tertular.
Mitos Rabo Wekasan di Gunung Tanjung Tegal
Authors: fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Rebo Wekasan adalah tradisi masyarakat Muslim khususnya Jawa. Rebo Wekasan diambil dari nama hari Rabu terakhir di bulan Safar. Rebo Wekasan sering didengung-dengungkan masyarakat sebagai hari bencana, bahkan seakan-akan menjadi kepercayaan. Tak heran bila bulan Safar tiba, setiap keluarga melakukan ritual mulai mandi di sungai dan membuat jajanan pasar.
Flood Reduction Analysis by Using Multiple Dams Scenario in Karang Mumus River, Samarinda
Authors: Sukmara Riyan Benny , Anwar Nadjadji , Wu Ray Shyan , Ariyaningsih
Published: January 2021

Flooding issues in Samarinda have high depending on the capacity of Karang Mumus river. Considering the ability of Karang Mumus river to drain off flood discharge, there wore evidence that the constriction of River will drive to flooding issues, especially in rainy/wet season (October-April). The constriction of river happens because many people build nonpermanent houses and building on the river and river banks. Flooding potentially damages to the houses, roads, and other public facilities increasingly. To cope the issue, Government of Samarinda has tried many solutions to overcome the issue by building The Benanga dam and it has been planned to build multiple Dams in Karang Mumus sub-Watershed. This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of flood control effort using multiple dams scenario in Karang Mumus Sub-Watershed. Analyzing process including hydrology simulation, the relationship between hydrographs and rise of water level simulation in Karang Mumus River. The result of this paper shows water level when peak discharge flows out existing river bank. Analyzing result also shows that flood control scenario is effective to reducing flood discharge until fifty percent compared without existing conditions.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH MERUMUSKAN PERENCANAAN KEPERAWATAN OLEH PERAWAT
Authors: Zalukhu Junimiserya
Published: January 2021

Asuhan keperawatan yang bermutu akan dapat dicapai dengan pelaksanaan proses keperawatan yaitu metode pengorganisasian yang sistematis dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan pada individu, kelompok, dan masyarakat. Karenanya diperlukan rencana keperawatan untuk menjadi metode komunikasi tentang asuhan keperawatan kepada klien. Setiap klien yang memerlukan asuhan keperawatan perlu suatu perencanaan yang baik. Secara sederhana rencana keperawatan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu dokumen tulisan tangan dalam menyelesaikan masalah, tujuan, dan intervensi keperawatan. Perencanaan keperawatan merupakan tahap ketiga dari proses keperawatan, dimana perencanaan ini memuat proses pembentukan tindakan intervensi keperawatan dalam mencegah , menurunkan, atau mengurangi insiden pasien. Tahap ini dimulai setelah menentukan diagnosis keperawatan dan menyimpulkan rencana dokumentasi. Rencana asuhan keperawatan yang akan disusun harus mempunyai beberapa komponen, yaitu menentukan prioritas masalah, menetapkan tujuan, menentukan kriteria hasil memilih rencana tindakan atau intervensi keperawatan, implementasi keperawatan. Komponen-komponen tersebut sangat membantu pada proses evaluasi keberhasilan asuhan keperawatan yang telah diimplementasikan.
Ruang Lingkup K3 Dalam Keperawatan
Authors: NAFI'AH SALSABILA
Published: January 2021

Penerapan Program K3 dalam perusahaan akan selalu terkait dengan landasan hukum penerapan program K3 itu sendiri. Landasan hukum tersebut memberikan pijakan yang jelas mengenai aturan yang menentukan bagaimana K3 harus diterapkan.
Water quality assessment using a portable UV optical absorbance nitrate sensor with a scintillator and smartphone camera
Authors: Ingles JMDFP , Louw Tobias M , Booysen MJ
Published: January 2021

Nitrate contamination of water sources is a global environmental concern. A major source of pollution is agricultural runoff, which can contain decomposed organic matter, fertilizer, and animal or human waste. Nitrate adversely affects the stability of water systems such as dams and rivers and thus also public health. Regulation is essential but difficult to implement, given that measuring nitrates is laborious, and normally done using chemical assays in laboratories. We present a novel portable nitrate sensor that uses a smartphone camera fitted with low-cost optics. The sensor uses ultraviolet absorbance analysis to detect nitrates in water samples and quantify the concentration. The sensor’s absorptivity when a bandpass filter was used was 0.0681 L∙mg−1∙cm−1 compared to 0.0934 L∙mg−1∙cm−1 measured with a spectrophotometer in a laboratory. Measurements by the sensor of the concentration of nitrates in two environmental samples differed from those taken by the spectrophotometer by 19% and 7%. The sensor achieved a nitrate concentration measurement resolution of 0.2 mg∙L−1, and a detection range of 0–5 mg∙L−1, with higher concentrations requiring dilution to quantify. Our tests showed that the smartphone-based nitrate sensor is sufficiently accurate to be used as an inexpensive instrument for nitrate analysis in the field.
Cara mengubah Insecure dengan teori Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dan menggunakan teknik Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM)
Authors: Oentarto Aloysius Selo Aryobimo , Rahmat Febri , Hapsari Skolastika , Widiastuti Anastasia Hariyanti , Gabriella Esther Kristine
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang: Insecure merupakan istilah untuk menggambarkan perasaan yang kurang nyaman dan membuat seseorang merasa cemas, takut, malu hingga tidak percaya diri. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) merupakan model intervensi yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi tekanan psikologis dan perilaku maladaptif dengan mengubah cara berpikir. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan individu merasa insecure, dampak, dan cara mengatasinya. Metode: Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey dalam mengumpulkan data subjek, dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 38 orang. Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa subjek lebih dominan jenis kelamin perempuan dan subjek dominan pernah merasakan insecure. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan subjek mengalami insecure antara lain adalah ketika berinteraksi dengan orang lain atau teman yang membuat individu selalu memikirkan hal-hal atau kata-kata ketika berinteraksi dan individu merasa tidak percaya diri. Cara subjek mengatasi insecure lebih dominan melakukan hal-hal positif atau menyibukkan diri. Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan individu mengalami insecure, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Dampak dari insecure adalah menurunnya tingkat kepercayaan diri pada individu. Cara mengatasinya bisa menggunakan teknik CBM dari teknik CBT.
Pre-pandemic suicidal ideation and preventive behavior during COVID-19: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sueki Hajime , Ueda Michiko
Published: January 2021

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between suicide risk factors and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Aims: We investigated the impact of suicidal ideation on COVID-19 preventive behaviors to augment literature focused on suicide risk factors and COVID-19 preventive health measures. Significant findings may reveal factors that explain dangerous behavior and inspire policy to mitigate negative health outcomes. Method: This study used a prospective observational longitudinal design (n = 6683). A baseline survey (January 24, 2020 = before COVID-19 pandemic, T1) and a follow-up survey (between April 27 and April 30, 2020 = during COVID-19 pandemic, T2) were conducted among the general adult population in Japan. Results: Adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, high suicidal ideation at T1 was associated with significantly low levels of engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviors at T2. Limitations: As this was an Internet survey and contained selection bias, the sample may not be representative of the general population in Japan. Pandemic severity may impact results in other geographies, reducing the applicability of study findings. Conclusion: Individuals with strong suicidal ideation before the pandemic were less likely to engage in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. These individuals are at risk not only for suicide but also for infectious disease.
Pandangan Mahasiswa terhadap Privilege dari Good Looking
Authors: Amalia Cindy , Oktisaputri Ella , Djawantinaros Kaisarea Immanuel , ruth medeline
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang: fenomena di kalangan masyarakat saat ini, penampilan menarik yang enak untuk dipandang merupakan hal yang sangat diperhatikan dan dianggap membawa keistimewaan tersendiri bagi orang-orang yang termasuk ke dalam golongan tersebut. Istilah good looking sering diberikan kepada orang-orang yang dianggap memiliki penampilan menarik dengan wajah tampan/cantik dan penampilan rapi. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa terhadap privilege good-looking. Metode: penelitian ini melibatkan 42 responden berusia 17-22 tahun dari berbagai perguruan tinggi yang ada di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan mengumpulkan survey melalui google form yang disebarkan di media sosial. Hasil: Mayoritas responden sebanyak 45,24% mewajarkan fenomena privilege yang didapatkan dari berpenampilan good-looking walaupun sebanyak 31,11% mengaku kecewa dengan masyarakat yang cenderung mengistimewakan orang berpenampilan good-looking. Kesimpulan: adanya privilege bagi orang-orang yang berpenampilan good-looking ternyata memang terjadi di kalangan mahasiswa, sedikit atau banyak hal ini memang berdampak positif maupun negatif bagi kehidupan perkuliahan mereka, dan mayoritas responden berupaya menjadi good-looking agar bisa mendapatkan keistimewaan dari good looking tersebut.
A review of mathematical modeling of addiction regarding both (neuro-)psychological processes and the social contagion perspectives
Authors: van den Ende Maarten , Epskamp Sacha , van der Maas Han , Lees Michael , Sloot Peter M. A.
Published: January 2021

Addiction is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon, impacted by biological predispositions, psychological processes, and the social environment. Using mathematical and computational models that are capable of surrogative reasoning may be a promising avenue for gaining a deeper understanding of this complex behavior. This paper reviews formal models of addiction developed in two very different but relevant fields of study: (neuro)psychological modeling of intra-individual dynamics, and social modeling of inter-individual dynamics. We find that these modeling approaches to addiction are quite disjoint and argue that in order to unravel the complexities of biopsychosocial processes of addiction, models should integrate intra- and interpersonal factors.
Pandangan Mahasiswa terhadap Privilege dari Good-Looking
Authors: Amalia Cindy , Djawantinaros Kaisarea Immanuel , ruth medeline , Oktisaputri Ella
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang: fenomena di kalangan masyarakat saat ini, penampilan menarik yang enak untuk dipandang merupakan hal yang sangat diperhatikan dan dianggap membawa keistimewaan tersendiri bagi orang-orang yang termasuk ke dalam golongan tersebut. Istilah good looking sering diberikan kepada orang-orang yang dianggap memiliki penampilan menarik dengan wajah tampan/cantik dan penampilan rapi. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa terhadap privilege good-looking. Metode: penelitian ini melibatkan 42 responden berusia 17-22 tahun dari berbagai perguruan tinggi yang ada di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan mengumpulkan survey melalui google form yang disebarkan di media sosial. Hasil: Mayoritas responden sebanyak 45,24% mewajarkan fenomena privilege yang didapatkan dari berpenampilan good-looking walaupun sebanyak 31,11% mengaku kecewa dengan masyarakat yang cenderung mengistimewakan orang berpenampilan good-looking. Kesimpulan: adanya privilege bagi orang-orang yang berpenampilan good-looking ternyata memang terjadi di kalangan mahasiswa, sedikit atau banyak hal ini memang berdampak positif maupun negatif bagi kehidupan perkuliahan mereka, dan mayoritas responden berupaya menjadi good-looking agar bisa mendapatkan keistimewaan dari good looking tersebut.
Motivation Improves Working Memory by Two Processes: Prioritisation and Retrieval Thresholds
Authors: Grogan John P , Randhawa Govind , Kim Minho , Manohar Sanjay G
Published: January 2021

Motivation can improve performance when the potential rewards outweigh the cost of effort expended. In working memory (WM), people can prioritise rewarded items at the expense of unrewarded items, suggesting a fixed memory capacity. But can capacity itself increase with motivation? Across four experiments (N = 30-34) we demonstrate motivational improvements in WM even when all items were rewarded. However, this was not due to better memory precision, but rather better selection of the probed item within memory. Motivational improvements operated independently of encoding, maintenance, or attention shifts between items in memory. Moreover, motivation slowed responses. This contrasted with the benefits of rewarding items unequally, which allowed prioritisation of one item over another. We conclude that motivation can improve memory recall, not via precision or capacity, but via speed-accuracy trade-offs when selecting the item to retrieve.
Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David Gertler
Published: January 2021

The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election saw an unprecedented number of false claims alleging election fraud and arguing that Donald Trump was the actual winner of the election. Here we report a survey exploring belief in these false claims that was conducted three days after Biden was declared the winner. We find that a majority of Trump voters in our sample – particularly those who were more politically knowl-edgeable and more closely following election news – falsely believed that election fraud was wide-spread and that Trump won the election. Thus, false beliefs about the election are not merely a fringe phenomenon. We also find that Trump conceding or losing his legal challenges would likely lead a ma-jority of Trump voters to accept Biden’s victory as legitimate, although 40% said they would continue to view Biden as illegitimate regardless. Finally, we found that levels of partisan spite and endorsement of violence were equivalent between Trump and Biden voters.
We Cannot Disagree Forever! Reality Polarization and Citizens’ Post-Pandemic Fiscal Adjustment Preferences
Authors: Heap Shaun P. Hargreaves , Koop Christel , Matakos Konstantinos , Unan Asli , Weber Nina Sophie
Published: January 2021

Recent studies have found considerable partisan polarization of both reality and policy preferences in the US. Furthermore, this polarization is so entrenched that it is immune to the provision of factual information. Has the COVID-19 pandemic, which a↵ects citizens unequally, reproduced or disrupted these polarization patterns? To answer this question, we conducted a US-wide conjoint survey experiment with embedded information treatments. We focus on citizens’ fiscal adjustment preferences given the (anticipated) lasting fiscal COVID-19 legacy. We find that both reality perceptions regarding the pandemic and policy preferences over post-COVID-19 fiscal adjustment are polarized along familiar partisan lines, but map less well onto traditional socio- economic cleavages. However, we find that the partisan policy polarization largely disappears when citizens are exposed to information on predicted COVID-19 deaths and income losses. This de-polarizing e↵ect is due to synchronous movement by both Democrats and Republicans, which bridges the policy gap between them. Importantly, such information has the additional reset e↵ect of shifting fiscal policy preferences towards a greater reliance on wealth and corporate taxes. We find further evidence that a US-wide consensus over a post-pandemic fiscal policy ’New Deal’ is feasible and potentially lasting.
IDE TAQNÎN IBN AL-MUQAFFA DAN KODIFIKASI HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hamzah Ali
Published: January 2021

Pembentukan hukum Islam pada zaman Nabi dimotori oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW sendiri. Pembentukan hukum dan penegakannya didasarkan oleh wahyu dan kapasitas kenabiannya. Sumber hukum berupa wahyu Allah dan hadis Rasul, dinilai telah cukup. Hukum Islam saat itu tidak terpisahkan dari keseluruhan ajaran Islam, menyatu dalam pribadi dan perilaku Rasulullah. Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin (11-40H/632-661M) otoritas hukum masih melekat pada kekuasaan khalifah sebagai pengganti Rasul, masih memiliki peranan sebagai kepala negara juga sebagai kepala keagamaan. Dalam mengatasi berbagai problem sosial kebijaksanaan hukum khalifah menjadi kekuatan. Kodifikasi hukum belum terwujud, meskipun wahyu telah dibukukan dalam bentuk Mushaf Usmani. Al-Qur’an merupakan kodifikasi ajaran keagamaan secara utuh dibandingkan sebagai kitab hukum lainnya.
PROMOSI KESEHATAN: PENYEBAB TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Djafar Tanwir
Published: January 2021

Buku ini merupakan spesial bagi penulis karena telah dipersiapkan penulis semaksimal mungkin, yang penulis tulis dalam rangka membantu dalam pendidikaan dan Promosi Kesehatan yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Kesehatan pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Dan Promosi Kesehatan. Sebagai Buku Promosi Kesehatan bagi mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Kesehatan yang merupakan buku yang berisi informasi tentang Promosi Kesehatan : Faktor Penyebab Hipertensi. Kami mengharapkan agar buku ini dapat digunakan sebaik-baiknya sebagai buku dalam membantu melaksanakan proses pembelajaran pada program studi pendidikan Kesehatan
Reentry of Space Debris from Low Earth Orbit by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Al-Zaidi H. K. , Phipps C.R. , Al-Bermani M. J.
Published: January 2021

This research studies the orbital dynamics of space debris in near-earth orbit and calculates its respective lifetime. The orbital dynamics of space debris is closely examined in near-earth orbit whereby (apogee altitude ha=1200 km and perigee altitude hp=200 km). In addition, the lifetime of the space debris is calculated using the influence of the friction force exerted on the atmospheric particles with debris dimensions measuring between (1-10 cm). In this study, the Drag Thermospheric Models (DTM78 and DTM94) are used because of their dependence on solar and geomagnetic activities, and pulsed lasers are utilized to interact with Aluminum 2024 particles which are frequently employed in the structure of spacecraft and aerospace designs. A numerical analysis program (NaP1) was built to calculate the lifetime of space debris and its time of return to the atmosphere. It is then integrated with a second numerical analysis program (NaP2) developed using the Lax-Wendroff finite difference method to simulate the laser material interaction model. A high-power Nd:YAG laser was applied to produce shock wave pressure in the target. The results show that the maximum peak pressure occurs at 50 μm depth and then slowly decays, the peak pressure increases with the increase of the laser intensity, and the optimum value of the momentum coupling coefficient (Cm) for the aluminum debris of size range (1-10 cm) is 6.5 dyn.s/j.
Comparison between one layer and bilayer surface plasmon resonance optical fiber chemical sensor
Authors: S. Ahmed Soudad
Published: January 2021

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) - based plastic optical fiber has been provided as a sensor to estimate the refractive index and then the concentration of specific chemical samples. Two configurations were suggested for the design. The first was through using a single layer of gold with a thickness of about 40nm deposited on a 10mm portion in the middle of plastic optical fiber. In the second configuration, a bilayer is deposited on the fiber. This bilayer consisted of a gold layer with a thickness of about 30 nm and an aluminum layer with a thickness of about 30 nm. Both of these configurations are utilized as chemical sensors. The resonance wavelength for the bilayer-based sensor was higher than that of the single-layer sensor for all studied chemical samples. The highest resonance wavelength was for the salt-water solution with a concentration of 30%. For the salt-water solution with a concentration of 30%, the resonance wavelength with the bilayer-based sensor was 568nm while it was 540nm with the single-layer sensor.
Structural behavior of RF magnetron sputtered cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films
Authors: A. Khadayeir Abdalhussain , Imad Al Dahhan Sarah , Khilkhal Ali Nadhom
Published: January 2021

In this paper a Cu2O thin film, has been deposited using RF sputtering technique, then the thin film has been characterized by XRD, result obtained showed that strongest peak was 61.3967 degree, and FWHM was 0.215 degree, while lattice constant was 4.26 Aº, and the average grain size was 44.87 nm. While AFM analysis showed that the increasing of another four samples temperature led to increase of roughness average from (3.39 to 9.2) nm, root mean square from (3.92 to 10.7) nm and ten points height from (13.7 to 36.3) at 250,300,350 and 400 C respectively. On the other hand granularity cumulation distribution charts showed average diameter has varied from (43.31 to 51.28) nm with grain numbers per line ( 739, to 414) respectively.
Estimating the lifetime and Reentry of the Aluminum Space Debris of Sizes (1-10 cm) in LEO under Atmosphere Drag Effects
Authors: Al-Zaidi H. K. , Taleb A.M. , Al-Bermani M. J.
Published: January 2021

This study concerns in addressing the lifetime and reentry of the space debris in LEO which extends from 200 to 1200 km. In this study the new Computer programs are designed to simulate orbit dynamics of space debris lifetime and reentry under atmospheric drag force by using Runge-Kutta Method to solve the differential equations of drag force and this model was adapted with the Drag Thermosphere Model (DTM78, 94), the Aluminum 2024 space debris in certain size (1-10 cm) were used in this study, which is frequently employed in the structure of spacecraft and aerospace designs. The selected atmospheric model for this investigation is the drag thermospheric models DTM78 and DTM94, because of this dependence on solar and geomagnetic activities. It has been found that the lifetime of the space debris increases with increasing perigee altitudes. It has been found that the elliptical shape of the debris orbit would change gradually into a circular shape, then its kinetic energy would be transformed into heat and hence debris destroy in the dense atmosphere.
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Thin Films Prepared by Hydrothermal Method and Effect of growth time
Authors: J. Qasim Sattar , F. Abbas Abbas , Abed Ahmed Saud
Published: January 2021

This paper describes, Synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) using hydrothermal technique at different growth time. The structural and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The ZnO NRs were obvious hexangular wurtzite structure and preferentially oriented along the c-axis (002) and growth vertically to the substrates. The optical properties were studied. From UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL), the optical band gap energy of all ZnO NRs samples (S1, S2 and S3) were calculated to be (3.425 eV, 3.4 eV, 3.425 eV) respectively. Also, the effect of growth time on ZnO nanorods was studied.
Textural and mineralogical maturities and provenance of sands from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi, central Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Sanjay Singh , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: January 2021

The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi in the Central Nepal flows across fold-thrust belts of the Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and the Sub-Himalaya, and is located in sub-tropical to humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Higher Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas, a high mountain and hilly region give way the long high-gradient, the Budhi Gandaki Nadi in the northern region. At the southern region within the Sub-Himalayas, having a wide Dun Valley, gives way the long low-gradient Narayani Nadi. Sands from Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi were obtained and analysed for textural maturity and compositional maturity. The textural analyses consisted of determining roundness and sphere city of quartz grains for shape, and determining size of sand for matrix percent and various statistical measures including sorting. The analysis indicates that the textural maturity of the majority of sands lies in sub mature category though few textural inversions are also remarkable. Sands from upstream to downstream stretches of the main stem river show depositional processes by graded suspension in highly turbulent (saltation) current to fluvial tractive current, as confirmed from the C-M patterns.

The compositional variation includes quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, mica, etc. The quartz grain percent slightly increases from the mountains to the lower relief areas. The percent feldspar decreases rapidly whereas the percent rock fragment decreases gradually along the downstream transport of sediment. The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi sands range from sublitharenite to lithic arenite composition in QFL diagram, and are remarkably poorer in feldspar compared to rock fragment. Among the rock fragments, the high-grade metamorphic rock fragmentsare dominant in the upstream stretch of the main stem Narayani Nadi stretch while the sedimentary lithics are remarkable in the downstream stretch. The QFL plots also show that the studied sands belong to recycled orogeny provenance and agree with the current tectonic setting of the Himalayas. Mineralogically, the sands (MMI=100%–203%) are not as matured as the normal sands. MMI fluctuates along downstream distance due to mixing of sediments from the major tributaries at various places along the main stem river.
Geological and Geophysical Study in Udheri Khola Area, Nalgad Hydroelectric Project, Jajarkot District, Lesser Himalaya, Western Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Indra , Ghimire Subesh , Acharya Kamala Kant
Published: January 2021

Subsidence in carbonate rock is one of common and challenging action in terms of engineering construction. Geological study and geophysical investigation carried out in the intake area of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project Jajarkot, western Nepal Lesser Himalaya. The main objective was to identify the cause of subsidence in the intake area of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project, Jajarkot. Geological study of the area was carried to understand the lithology, thickness and structure of the area.

The study area comprises two distinct rock units, namely, Dolomite Unit followed up by the Slate Unit. The Dolomite Unit is composed of light grey to grayish white stromatolitic dolomite which is thrusted over the Slate Unit near to Laikham village and Sepu Khola area. The Slate Unit is made up of grayish black to graphitic slate. A thin prominent calcareous horizon wasconfined between Slate Unit.

2D-Electric Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements were deployed in four different lines to investigate the cause of the subsidence in the carbonate terrain. A concentric very high resistivity patch shown by Tomogram ER-D-01 survey line was identified and interpreted as dry cavity. The result of the 2D- ERT survey was correlated with core log data of geotechnical exploration in the suspicious point to ensure the presence of karst in the Dolomite Unit at right bank of Nalsyagu Khola near dam axis of Nalgad Hydroelectric Project. The 2D – ERT survey together with geotechnical investigation is capable of identifying subsurface karst feature as the cause of surface collapse in the area.
Local level Disaster Response in Nepal: Investigating the Government Agencies
Authors: Malla Shrijan Bahadur , Dahal Ranjan Kumar , Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: January 2021

Effect of local level disaster response is always questionable in Nepal. It is because the capacity of local responding bodies' i.e. local administration, elected representatives and security forces is deficit. Overlooking own role and responsibility by public service offices such as health, water supply, road network, rural development, communication, education has overburdened the responsibility of CDO during disaster response and eroded the effectiveness of cluster approach.  Similarly, over-reliance on security forces from relief and rescue to rehabilitation and reconstruction have also garnered lethargy amongst civil administration and public service offices wearing away their capacity. For that reason, it is utmost important that the prevailing tendency should be altered and derailed local level response mechanism should be brought into the right track.
Geology of Shantipur-Wami Taksar Areas of Gulmi-Baglung Districts, Western Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sushant , Gaire Pashupati , Paudyal Kabi Raj
Published: January 2021

The study area represents a small part of the Lesser Himalaya in western Nepal and lies about 346 km west from Kathmandu. It covers 250 km area representing some parts of Gulmi and Baglung districts. The area was selected for the present study on the impression from the previous geological map that has showed some metallic mineral resources like iron, copper and lead in the region. Similarly, studies reveal that there is very complicated geological structure which raised the interest for the study. Main objective of the study was to prepare a geological map of the area in a scale of 1:25,000 and study the possible mineral deposits. An extensive geological mapping was carried out in the field covering at one data within one centimetre of the map scale and large number of samples was collected for the petrographic as well as ore genesis studies. The rocks of the region were mapped under two geological units as the Nourpul Formation (older) and the Dhading Dolomite (younger).  There are a series of folds in the area. From regional to micro-scale all folds are trending towards east-west. The Badi Gad Fault and the Harewa Khola Thrust are the regional scale thrust mapped in the area. The Badi Gad is considered as a strike-slip in nature. The Harewa Khola Thrust is probably an imbricate fault. It has propagated to the north which is out of sequence in nature.

Some metallic minerals like copper and iron along with old working mines were observed during the study. Occurrences of copper and iron mineralization has been mapped and described. Present study revealed that copper mineralization is limited within the veins and boudinage forms as hydrothermal deposit while the iron is tabular and syngenetic in nature.
Editorial Vol.4(1)
Authors: Thapa Manoj
Published: January 2021

Not available.
Nepal-China-India Relation: A Geostrategic Perspectives
Authors: Pokhrel Kabi Prasad
Published: January 2021

This paper is an attempt to trace out the Nepal ‘s China-India relation in the context of dynamic changes of powerful nations of the world as well as emerging regional countries. Existing international relation of Nepal is needed tactic diplomacy to take maximum economic and technological benefits from global major powerful countries and emerging regional countries. The existing foreign relation of Nepal and future adaptive strategies have been discussed using qualitative approach. By reviewing and synthesizing ongoing initiations of present government at the global, regional and national level, paper drew the conclusion to maintain balance relation between and among the north -south two neighbors including super power of the world. Paper further emphasized to adopt among equals foreign relation strategy to take benefits from the emerging powerful countries in the Asian region.
Factors Affecting National Interests in the Aftermath of Post 1990 Armed Conflict in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Pitambar
Published: January 2021

National Interest to a particular country is often shaped and prioritized by various variables including independence, distinctiveness, territorial integrity and socio-cultural determinants. Nepal’s national interest depends on thesecurity vision in the aftermath of violent conflict, development initiatives based on utilization of available natural resources and state policies for assuring inclusiveness, social cohesion and justice. Nepal experienced a ten years long armed conflict since 1996 to 2006 that affected a range of social, political and economic dimensions along with security apparatus of the country. Though the fundamental attributes of national interest such as territorial and political sovereignty and the core values remain constant, security policy and strategies are found to be evolving in the nascent democracy often shaped by the ability to identify security threats. With the aim of developing a causal relationship between national interest and security vision, security policy, identification of security threats, quantitative analysis is conducted by adopting SPSS and Karl Pearson’s Correlation tools. Moreover, Nepal’s new security policy has been analyzed in the aftermath of violent conflict. This paper draws the conclusion that higher the ability of political leaders to identify the security vision, the achievement of national interest is higher. This also depicts if security vision is closely linked with the political values the promotion of national interest is high. Setting the context on political change and the security strategy, it is admitted that new form of government induces additional security concern which if not identified may challenge the means of ensuring national security.
Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Kavre District, Nepal
Authors: Giri Mira , Dahal Dhundi Raj
Published: January 2021

This study aims to assist the impact of climate change on agriculture in Banepa municipality, as a case study to the local climatic trends and its impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. The study was conducted among the household of ward no. one to eleven except two and six in the municipality. A questionnaire survey, field observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion, methods were adopted for the information collection, cross-validation with verification, and using the secondary source of the information. Monthly precipitation and monthly minimum and maximum air temperatures data of Dhulikhel station were used to study their annual and seasonal trends.Agriculture is one of the vulnerable sectors of the impact of climate change. Trend analysis of temperature and precipitation over 27 years indicates that this region is facing various weather variability. The annual mean of the minimum temperature was showing the highest (13.530C) in 2014 and the lowest (7.860C) in 2001. The trend analysis shows that the annual average minimum temperature has also been increasing per year. Drought, delay in monsoon, hailstorm,and heavy rainfall are major challenges in agriculture.The study concluded that climate change affected the negative impact on agriculture in the Banepa Municipality of Kavre. The existing local and institutional strategies are not sufficient and sustainable to cope with climatic vagaries. There is a proactive need for climate change adaptation measures to address the negative impact of climate change in agriculture to sustain the food and nutrition security in the community through institutional support and long-term agricultural policy and strategic plan.
Role of Armed Police Force, Nepal to Protect and Promotion of Human Rights
Authors: Timilsena Surya Prasad
Published: January 2021

The present article reveals the role and policy of Armed Police Force Nepal in safeguarding human rights. One of the primary missions of the APF Nepal is to protect the citizens from criminal activity and criminal elements and to maintain public order. This duty includes protecting the rights of every citizen. Armed forces have the duty to protect the individual human rights of every person they encounter. This is an affirmative duty, meaning the police services cannot knowingly ignore or intentionally fail to act when a human rights violation is observed. The Armed Police Force has mandated tasks related to protection, promotion, respect and fulfillment of human rights from various aspects. The research has reached in conclusion: Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as a legal right in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, universal and indivisible fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being. To achieve this objective APF Nepal has adopted zero tolerance in Human Rights violations and following national and international human rights instrument that have been adopted by Nepal.
Issues in Border Security of Nepal
Authors: Upreti Yukesh
Published: January 2021

Cross border is a major threat to the internal and external security of Nepal. To maintain peace and security and neutralize illicit trade, smuggling, and cross-border crimes, the Government of Nepal has deployed Security forces at the border. The Indo-Nepal border comparatively is challenging due to its open border status. This paper analyses the field issues faced by security personnel at border areas of Nepal. The study uses both primary and secondary data for analysis and interpretation. The findings show geographical problems, socio-economic similarities, operational problems, border laws, values, and ethics. These issues are faced by security forces daily. The study outcome suggests a need for a collaborative approach of stakeholders on strengthening border security.
Intelligence in the National Security Enterprise: An Introduction: By Roger Z. George
Authors: Bhandari Chiranjibi
Published: January 2021

Not available.
Optimal Methods for Finding Simple and Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations and their Basins of Attraction
Authors: Chand Prem Bahadur
Published: January 2021

In this paper, using the variant of Frontini-Sormani method, some higher order methods for finding the roots (simple and multiple) of nonlinear equations are proposed. In particular, we have constructed an optimal fourth order method and a family of sixth order method for finding a simple root. Further, an optimal fourth order method for finding a multiple root of a nonlinear equation is also proposed. We have used different weight functions to a cubically convergent For ntini-Sormani method for the construction of these methods. The proposed methods are tested on numerical examples and compare the results with some existing methods. Further, we have presented the basins of attraction of these methods to understand their dynamics visually.
Approximate Algorithms for Continuous-Time Quickest Multi-Commodity Contraflow Problem
Authors: Gupta Shiva Prakash , Khanal Durga Prasad , Pyakurel Urmila , Dhamala Tanka Nath
Published: January 2021

Multi-commodity flow problem appears when several distinct commodities are shipped from supply nodes to the demand nodes through a network without violating the capacity constraints. The quickest multi-commodity flow problem deals with the minimization of time satisfying given demand. Ingeneral, the quickest multi-commodity flow problems are computationally hard. The outbound lane capacities can be increased through reverting the orientation of lanes towards the demand nodes. We present two approximation algorithms by introducing partial contraow technique in the continuous-time quick estmulti-commodity ow problem: one polynomial-time with the help of length-bounded flow and another FPTAS by using _-condensed time-expanded graph. Both algorithms reverse only necessary arc capacities to get the optimal solutions and save unused arc capacities which may be used for other purposes.
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIK A ULTISOL PADA LAHAN BUDIDAYA NENAS DENGAN BERBAGAI POLA ROTASI DI PT. GREAT GIANT PINEAPPLE TERBANGGI BESAR, LAMPUNG
Authors: Suseno Angga , Santoso AZ. Purwono Budi , Herlambang Susila
Published: January 2021

Ultisol merupakan salah satu jenis tanah yang mengalami pelapukan lanjut. Tanah ini memiliki kandungan lempung yang tinggi pada bagian sub soil. Berdasarkan aspek fisika, Ultisol Lampung memiliki struktur tanah yang kurang mantap, permeabilitas yang lambat, porositas yang buruk, agregat kurang stabil dan bobot isi tinggi. Rotasi tanaman merupakan alternatif dalam memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah Ultisol di PT. Great Giant Pineapple. Dengan dilakukannya rotasi tanaman diharapkan mampu memberikan dampak yang besar untuk memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah Ultisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat fisika tanah Ultisol pada pola rotasi nenas-pisang, nenas-nenas dan nenas-singkong. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dan penentuan lokasi dengan menggunakan metode purposif. Beda rerata antar perlakuan untuk setiap parameter di uji menurut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan jenjang 0,05. Pengambilan sampel tanah menggunakan ring sampler dengan pola diagonal dengan kedalaman 0-40 cm. Perlakuan dengan pola rotasi nenas-pisang merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan menghasilkan struktur granular, dengan derajat kuat, berat volume 1,48 g/cm3, kekuatan tanah 0,78 kg/cm2, porositas 43,62%. Rotasi tanaman dengan pola rotasi nenas-pisang, merupakan teknik yang baik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah di PT. Great Giant Pineapple.
ANALISIS TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI DENGAN METODE USLE UNTUK ARAHAN KONSERVASI TANAH DI DAERAH LERENG GUNUNG IJEN, KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Ramadhani Dian Ari , Mulyanto Djoko , Sudarto Lanjar
Published: January 2021

Kajian ini dilakukan di lereng Gunung Ijen yang terletak di Jambu, Desa Tamansari, Kecamatan Licin, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Penggunaan lahan di Jambu sebagian telah berubah fungsinya, dari kawasan hutan menjadi perkebunan, ladang jagung dan bawang putih. Perubahan penggunaan lahan ini telah memicu degradasi lahan oleh erosi yang meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai Tingkat Bahaya Erosi dan perencanaan konservasi tanah di Jambu. Studi ini dilakukan dengan Metode Survei. Metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) digunakan untuk menilai kehilangan tanah akibat erosi. Peta satuan lahan diperoleh dengan cara tumpang susun (overly) peta jenis tanah, tata guna lahan dan peta kemiringan lereng. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposif sampling untuk menentukan titik sampel berdasarkan satuan peta lahan. Ada 15 titik sampel dari 12 satuan   lahan. Parameter yang dianalisis terdiri dari faktor erosivitas limpasan (R), erodibilitas tanah (K), topografi (panjang dan derajat kemiringan / LS), pengelolaan tanaman (C), dan faktor praktik konservasi lahan (P). Berdasarkan data yang dianalisis, diketahui bahwa kehilangan tanah akibat erosi terendah adalah 0,19 ton/ha/tahun dan tertinggi 310 ton/ha/tahun. Tingkat Bahaya Erosi dengan kategori sangat ringan 45,6 ha, ringan 656,6 ha, dan tingkat berat 63,7 ha, dari total luas studi 766 ha. Perencanaan konservasi tanah untuk kawasan yang memiliki kategori bahaya erosi tinggi disarankan dengan praktik konservasi vegetatif dan mekanis, seperti variasi tanaman penutup tanah, pola tanam garis kontur, sistem tanam tumpang sari, teras kanal dan teras kontur. Sedangkan untuk areal yang tergolong tingkat ringan dapat dilakukan dengan pola tanam garis kontur dan sistem tanam tumpang sari.