bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trendovi i obrasci u istraživanju otvorenih obrazovnih resursa od 2018. do 2022. godine
Authors: Papić Anita
Published: December 2022

Cilj. Cilj je rada istražiti trendove i obrasce u globalnom znanstvenom istraživanju otvorenih obrazovnih resursa (Open Educational resources – OER) od 2018. do 2022. godine kako bi se došlo do najnovijih relevantnih spoznaja važnih i korisnih ne samo znanstvenicima i nastavnicima koji se bave otvorenim obrazovnim resursima nego cijeloj akademskoj zajednici, kao i donositeljima političkih odluka u okviru obrazovnih politika.
Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Sukladno unaprijed deﬁniranoj strategiji pretraživanja selektiran je za istraživanje relevantan korpus bibliografskih jedinica u bazama podataka Web of Science i Scopus. Kako bi se odgovorilo na postavljena istraživač ka pitanja u radu je korištenjem skupa standardnih bibliometrijskih metoda provedena bibliometrijska analiza koja se temeljila na sljedećih šest pokazatelja: godina objave, distribucija po državama, distribucija po institucijama, časopisi, autori i ključne riječi. Na temelju odabranih ekstrahiranih podataka iz baza podataka Web of Science i Scopus pripremljena je vizualizacija rezultata u alatu VoSViewer.
Rezultati. U pandemijskoj 2020. godini zanimanje stručne i znanstvene zajednice za OER-e dosegnulo je svoj vrhunac, odnosno zabilježen je nagli porast globalnih istraživanja vezanih uz OER-e. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja uočeno je da je najproduktivniji autor bio Daniel Burgos, najproduktivnija institucija bila je The Open University, najproduktivnija država bio je SAD, a najproduktivniji časopis bio je International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja uočena su tri intenzivnija trenda kolaboracije u vidu citiranja i koautorstva među: (1) kineskim i španjolskim autorima, (2) turskim i američkim autorima i (3) južnoafričkim i američkim autorima.
Originalnost/vrijednost. Originalnost rada sastoji se u tome što rad daje uvid u trendove i obrasce u globalnom znanstvenom istraživanju otvorenih obrazovnih resursa u razdoblju neposredno prije te razdoblju tijekom same globalne pandemije uzrokovane bolešću COVID-19 koja je nesumnjivo dovela do naglog zaokreta obrazovanja na svim razinama prema ubrzanoj digitalnoj transformaciji te izvršila značajan utjecaj na postavljanje otvorenih obrazovnih resursa u središte pozornosti kako nastavnika tako i znanstvenika te šire javnosti.
Minimally invasive surgery for lesser toe deformity: a clinical audit of a proposed treatment algorithm
Authors: Richard Edwards Steven , Grace Murray Madeleine , Gilheany Mark Francis
Published: December 2022

Objective: There is increasing interest in the performance of minimally invasive foot surgery (MIS); however, limited evidence and treatment algorithms are available to support its use and guide surgical decision-making. The aim of this prospective clinical audit was to report the efficacy of a treatment algorithm used to treat patients presenting with lesser toe deformities using MIS techniques. Methods: A prospective clinical audit of 38 patients who underwent 55 MIS procedures for complex and simple lesser toe deformities was conducted between April 2018 and June 2022. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months post operatively. The audit was conducted following the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) guidelines on clinical audit. Results: Mean pre-operative Visual Analogue Pain (VAS) score was 3.95 with a median of 5.00. The mean post-operative VAS scores improved to 0.23 after six weeks and 0.43 after 12 weeks. A Mann-Whitney U test concluded that this improvement was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: This algorithm appears effective in treating lesser toe deformities independent of deformity classification, concomitant surgery, gender or whether the surgery was performed in a hospital or private clinical setting. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Study; Expert Opinion.
Evaluation of range of motion of hallux metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints after periarticular osteotomies
Authors: Pereira Nathália Christine , Maricondi Massari Daniel , Almeida de Pousa Prieto Thiago , Gomes Figueiredo Márcio , Ignácio Helencar
Published: December 2022

Objective: Evaluate the impact of Chevron and extended Chevron techniques associated with Akin osteotomy on the range of motion (ROM) of hallux metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) and interphalangeal joint (IPJ) after three months and one year. Methods: Sixteen patients (17 feet) were evaluated for the ROM of hallux MPJ and IPJ pre-and postoperatively, the flexion-extension measurements were performed using a goniometer. Results: Comparing the pre-and postoperative measurements at three months and one year, the ROM decreased in MPJ extension and flexion, 9o and 5o, respectively, and IPJ flexion, 5o. The values presented statistical significance according to the analysis demonstrated (p>0.05). However, the decrease in IPJ extension was not statistically significant (decrease of 0.8o and p<0.05). Conclusions: Periarticular osteotomies of hallux MPJ had a significant decrease in the ROM after three months and one year. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment; Prospective Comparative Study.
Subungual tumor of the hallux: a diagnostic challeng
Authors: Oliveira Generoso Talissa , Marion Alloza José Felipe , Zon Filippi Renée , Jesus-Garcia Filho Reynaldo
Published: December 2022

Subungual tumors of the hallux are rare, with a varied spectrum of differential diagnoses, and it may be challenging to reach the correct diagnosis. Depending on the health system where the patient will be treated, the specialist physician may follow different paths in the search for pathological definitions, which may lead to delays in obtaining the diagnosis and even to mistaken results. We present a case of a patient with a subungual tumor of the hallux, which represents the singular process above, aiming to demonstrate relevant differential diagnoses, determining factors for the correct diagnosis, and the importance of pathological elucidation for its proper treatment so that the outcomes for the patient are prevented. Level of Evidence V; Case Report; Expert Opinion.
Profile of clinical research related to orthopedic disorders in the last five years
Authors: Lopez Martinez Luis , De Oliveira Candido Caio , Da Silva Naresse Vinicius , Carraro Lolo Bruno , Lima dos Santos Silvonete , Leme Godoy-Santos Alexandre
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the profile of clinical research related to orthopedic disorders worldwide. Methods: A survey of clinical research in orthopedics was performed in the ClinicalTrials.gov platform and Plataforma Brasil databases. Results: According to data from the ClinicalTrials.gov platform, 1.142 clinical trials related to orthopedic disorders were registered from January 2017 to July 2022. Brazil is in the 14th position in the international ranking, and the Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) occupies the 6th position among the collaborators who performed the most research in this area. The importance of the foot and ankle area in clinical research related to orthopedic disorders is evident when it is the 7th most studied worldwide and the 2nd most studied in Brazil. Most clinical trials related to orthopedic disorders worldwide target the adult or older adult population and involve interventional studies. On the other hand, most of the clinical trials related to orthopedic disorders in Brazil target the pediatric or geriatric population and involve observational studies. Conclusion: The profile of clinical research related to orthopedic disorders worldwide showed that most clinical trials targeted the adult or older adult population and aimed to treat patients, not prevent diseases. Brazil targeted the pediatric or geriatric population focusing on characterizing populations and diseases. Clinical research related to orthopedic disorders performed worldwide and in Brazil depended on sponsorship and private institutions. Level of Evidence IV; Descriptive Observational Study.
On the way to maturity...
Authors: De Souza Nery Caio Augusto , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme
Published: December 2022

As we close another year of existence with the publication of this third issue of volume 16, we take the opportunity to share with everyone the joy of having complied with the requirements of the indexing platforms, reaching the milestones outlined for the first three years of the JFA.
 
Thanks to the joint effort of authors, reviewers, editors, and management team, who prepare, organize, and produce the journal, we achieved the appropriate temporal, quantitative, and qualitative flows whose results are expressed by the publication of 180 articles in three years.
 
We must celebrate the participation of countries worldwide, which surprised us with their interest in our vehicle of scientific dissemination. The chart and table below demonstrate that important countries such as the USA, Spain, Portugal, South Africa, and Australia have already become familiar with our system and honored us with their submissions.
But we still have a lot to do!!!
 
In addition to encouraging Latin American countries to collaborate more effectively by sending their studies, we would like to have young professionals on our side. It would be extremely useful for everyone if the training services for Foot and Ankle specialists throughout Latin America considered performing scientific studies and publishing them in the JFA as one of the technical training requirements. The research growth and published studies in our continent would soon be rewarded by the improvement in care and outcomes for our patients, the greatest objective of all.
 
The renewal and expansion of the Board of Reviewers started this year will continue, and soon, we hope to reduce even more the evaluation and decision time of each submission, in addition to improving, every day, the standard of revisions.
 
In this moment of reflection in which we see the end of another difficult year where we feel all the serious consequences of the pandemic that has hit humanity, we can celebrate a small victory achieved by every one of us who participated in constructing our journal to whom we are most grateful.
 
Happy Holidays to all!
The components of content of elementary education at three stages of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century
Authors: Mokromenko O.
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the issue of the experience in theory and practice of elementary education organizing in Great Britain during the 19 th century. Special attention is given to elementary education content. The role of changing content at three stages of elementary education development has been defined according to social and political, cultural and pedagogical prerequisites. The content components of elementary education at three stages of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century have been analyzed. Lack of common, compulsory and legal content at first two stages has been proved. Dependence of elementary education content on the types of elementary education schools and pupils social classes of Great Britain of the 19 th century has been determined. General orientation of elementary education content at three stages of elementary education development has been identified. It is concluded that content of elementary education at three stages has its own characteristics. The main disciplines are Writing, Arithmetic, Reading Catechism and Craft. Secondary disciplines are the Sciences. Condensed character of elementary education at the first two stages has been denoted. Elementary education content was characterized by case studies on English, it was based on work education and teaching of writing, reading and arithmetic at the third stage. It was a lack of common curriculum in the elementary education schools at first two stages. One of the significant disadvantages of elementary education content at the first two stages is the prohibition of learning national languages at schools of Scotland and Wales. Elementary education content at the third stage has been expanded by compulsory curriculum in English writing, reading and arithmetic for all elementary education schools throughout the country. Sciences and Art disciplines have been introduced at the third stage. Compulsory religious education at the third stage has been prohibited for all elementary education schools. Content of elementary education at the third stage has been concretized by elementary education schools committees, Ministry of People Education and its commissions.
The philosophy of the heart of Hryhoriy Skovoroda: a pedagogical view of the teachings of the outstanding Ukrainian thinker
Authors: Dovzhenko T. , Nebytova I.
Published: December 2022

The article presents a pedagogical view of the philosophical teachings of the heart of Hryhoriy Skovoroda. The works of followers and biographers of are analyzed. H. Skovoroda, which outline the life of the philosopher. It is determined that the teachings of the heart are based on the idea of three worlds: the first – the macrocosm (Universe), the second – the microcosm (man), the third – the symbolic reality (Bible), which connects these two worlds and reflects them in itself. Quotes from the leading works of H. Skovoroda characterizing his philosophical doctrine of the heart. It is determined that the feelings and heart of H. Skovoroda became an instrument of knowledge, deepened the space of contemporary traditional science and brought his scientific thought to cosmic reality. Fragments of the biography of H. Skovoroda reflecting his philosophical views. It has been proved that in the history of Ukrainian culture the teachings of Hryhoriy Skovoroda became the starting point in the knowledge of the heart, combining religious and philosophical knowledge about it: the purified and enlightened human heart is the most important organ of metacognition (heart feeling).
Hubungan intensitas kebisingan dan pencahayaan sinar las dengan gangguan kesehatan pada pekerja bengkel las di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Syahrizal Syahrizal , Junaidi Junaidi , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: December 2022

Background: Noise is unwanted sound or noise because it disturbs or arises against the will of the person concerned. The recommended noise threshold value is 85 dB at 8 hours of working time. Humans need lighting to recognize objects that affect vision: the eyes, nerves, and the visual nerve center of the brain. When noise is above the threshold value of lighting (300 Lux), this can lead to health problems or potential occupational hazards.Objectives: The study aims to determine the relationship between noise intensity and welding light illumination and health problems in Banda Aceh City welding workshop workers.Methods: Observational research with a cross-sectional design was conducted in Banda Aceh City in 2021. The sample was 30 welding workshop workers in 6 different places. Data collection was carried out by interview using a questionnaire, observation through a checklist, and interview. Data processing was done in stages: editing, coding, entry, and cleaning data—statistical analysis using the Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level.Results: The study's results on the noise variable due to work obtained a p-value= 0,330, so there is no relationship between noise and health problems in welding workshop workers (p> 0,05). While the lighting variable caused by welding obtained a p-value= 1,000, this also does not show a relationship between lighting (welding light) with health problems of welding workshop workers (p> 0,05) in Banda Aceh City.Conclusion: Noise intensity and lighting (welding light) have no association with health problems among welding workshop workers in Banda Aceh city. However, workers must follow SOPs and pay attention to PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to prevent health problems and avoid work accidents.
Profil mikroskopis sedimen urin pada kondisi glukosuria di Laboratorium Klinik Prodia, Banda Aceh
Authors: Hadijah Siti , Rahmayanti Rahmayanti , Erlinawati Erlinawati
Published: December 2022

Background: Laboratory examination of urine (urinalysis) is crucial in establishing various diagnoses. Urine examination can be done through macroscopic examination, including color, clarity, and microscopic examination of urine sediment (U-sed) and urine chemical examination such as glucose. Urine sediment is insoluble elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, thorax, bacteria, crystals, fungi, and parasites originating from the blood, kidneys, and urinary tract. Glucosuria is a condition where glucose is found in the urine, and when excessive >180 mg/dL can experience hyperglycemia, the impact is to damage the capillary blood vessels in the kidneys. U-sed is used to identify sediment elements that can be used to detect kidney and urinary tract abnormalities.Objectives: This study aims to determine the U-sed profile in glucosuria at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Banda Aceh.Methods: Descriptive research using an experimental design and analyzing secondary data from patients with glucosuria and referred for U-sed examination at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Banda Aceh Branch. The study was conducted in Mai 2022, with a total sample size of 24 respondents. Microscopic examination U-sed data was processed in stages starting from editing, coding, entry, and cleaning data. Data were only analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution.Results: The results of the study of the U-sed profile in patients with glucosuria conditions were abnormal flat epithelial cells (50,0%), the occurrence of leukocyturia (67,7%), the occurrence of hematuria (70,8%), and other sediments that were above normal only 25,0% of patients. Thus, the U-sed profile in patients with glucosuria conditions may be pathological such as infection, inflammation, and stones in the urinary tract.Conclusion: Some of the MSU profile data in patients who performed laboratory examinations at Prodia Banda Aceh showed above-normal threshold values, such as the data of flat epithelial cells, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and some other sentiments that were above normal had a low frequency. Patients who perform urine tests are at risk of infection and inflammation of the urinary tract and even the risk of kidney stones.
LOS GRABADOS DE CUADRÚPEDOS EN EL ARTE RUPESTRE ATLÁNTICA. DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ANÁLISIS ESTILÍSTICA
Authors: Pereira-Martínez Xurxo , Méndez-Quintas Eduardo , Martínez Pilar Prieto Martínez Prieto
Published: December 2022

Resumo:

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el patrón de distribución de las figuras de zoomorfos en el noroeste ibérico, apartir de los datos recopilados por las diferentes administraciones de Galicia y Portugal, y de las prospeccionesrealizadas en el área del Miño litoral (Norte de Portugal y Suroeste gallego). Ofrecemos una síntesis actualizada sobreeste tipo de representaciones rupestres, con el estudio de 169 superficies con figuras de zoomorfos, analizando elemplazamiento de este tipo de motivos, siguiendo diferentes criterios como la especie de animal representado y/o lavariabilidad estilística. En base a los datos arqueológicos disponibles planteamos una atribución cronológica, para estetipo de representaciones de animales, dentro del último milenio B.C.

Palavras-chave: Arte Rupestre Atlántica, Zoomorfos, Cuadrúpedos, Noroeste Peninsular, Estilo.

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to display the distribution pattern of zoomorphic figures in the northwest Iberian Peninsula,based on the data collected by the different administrative territories of Galicia and Northern Portugal and the surveyscarried out in the area of the coastal Minho (North of Portugal and Southwest Galicia). We provide an updatedsynthesis of this type of rock representations, with the study of 169 rock surfaces with zoomorphic figures, analysingthe location of this type of motifs, following different criteria such as the species of animal represented and/or stylisticvariability. Based on available archaeological data, we propose a chronological attribution for this type of animalrepresentations within the last millennium BC.

Keywords: Atlantic Rock Art, Zoomorphs, Quadrupeds, Northwest Iberia, Style.
Aspects and issues of marketing authorisation and use of medicinal products for COVID-19 prevention during the pandemic
Authors: Soldatov A. A. , Gorenkov D. V. , Merkulov V. A. , Bondarev V. P.
Published: December 2022

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus began in the city of Wuhan (Hubei Province) in the People's Republic of China. The outbreak turned into a pandemic. In the shortest possible time, national and international manufacturers developed preventive COVID-19 vaccines, and the population was vaccinated. During pandemics, accelerated approval of vaccines is an important factor that shortens the time to market with the aim of mass vaccination. The experience of rapidly developing and introducing vaccines into routine practice is not only important for managing the current pandemic, but also valuable in case of extremely likely future ones. The aim of this study was to analyse the main issues associated with assessing the safety and efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19 prevention during their registration and widespread use amid the pandemic and ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The vaccines for COVID-19 prevention were developed and introduced into healthcare practice very rapidly and under the circumstances of the pandemic, and the use of these vaccines has surfaced a number of concerns requiring further research. The most important issues identified in the performed analysis include, but are not limited to the need for accelerated assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of new vaccines; the lack of immune correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2; the waning of antibody immunity over time, motivating the need to determine revaccination and post-recovery vaccination timelines; and the emergence of mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants. One of noteworthy aspects is the need to develop recommendations for updating the strain composition of registered COVID-19 vaccines. According to the conclusions, the level of herd immunity, including vaccine-induced protection, plays a certain role in virus evolution during the pandemic. If COVID-19 becomes seasonal, which is a probable scenario, regular revaccination can be essential.
An experience of scaling and intensifying the industrial production of the Gam-COVID-Vac vector adenovirus vaccine in the limiting conditions of the pandemic
Authors: Morozov A. N. , Yakhin I. R. , Stratonova N. V. , Kutskir M. V. , Poteryaev D. A. , Khamitov R. A.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a global challenge to the health system. More than 200 years of world epidemiological experience since the first mass use of vaccines have convincingly shown that effective vaccines are the key tools in the fight against dangerous infectious diseases, especially epidemic and pandemic ones. In the context of a rapidly spreading pandemic of a new infectious agent, it is crucial not only to develop fundamentally new vaccines, but also to be able to quickly organise their large-scale production. In the Russian Federation, in 2020, a team of the National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya developed an innovative vector vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vaс, for the prevention of coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of pharmaceutical companies faced the challenge of producing the vaccine. The aim of the study was to optimise the production technology of Gam-COVID-Vac for scaling and increasing the production capacity. In the course of the work, the authors established critical quality attributes of the product, optimised analytical methods for their control, identified poorly scalable technological stages, streamlined the technological process before its transfer to production, and modified non-scalable and technologically unfeasible stages. The work resulted in the launch of industrial-scale production of active pharmaceutical ingredients for both components of Gam-COVID-Vac, which made it possible not only to meet the critical need for COVID-19 immunoprophylaxis in the Russian Federation, but also to supply this vaccine to a number of foreign countries.
Selection of a SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification method and development of an antibody reference standard for ELISA to test immunoglobulin preparations
Authors: Smolyanova T. I. , Nikolaeva A. M. , Vyaznikova T. V. , Ivanov A. V. , Belyakova O. V. , Sakanyan E. I.
Published: December 2022

The development of COVID-globulin, a COVID-19-specific human immunoglobulin preparation, involved choosing a method to quantify antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Antibody titre determination by virus neutralisation (VN) is labour-intensive and unsuitable for large-scale application. To enable routine testing, it was necessary to develop a less demanding method; the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most appropriate of solutions. The lack of international and industry reference standards (RS) prompted the preparation and certification of an RS for COVID-globulin potency control.

The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of substituting ELISA for VN and to develop an RS for SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification in immunoglobulin preparations.

Materials and methods: the authors used commercial ELISA kits by several manufacturers, COVID-globulin by Microgen (48 batches), and human plasma samples from multiple sources (1499 samples). The tests were performed by VN, ELISA, and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.

Results: the authors validated an ELISA method for SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification with the selected reagent kits by the National Medical Research Center for Hematology (NMRC for Hematology) and Euroimmun AG. The authors demonstrated the possibility of using ELISA instead of VN (with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.9). They developed and characterised an in-house RS for SARS-CoV-2 antibody content in human immunoglobulin preparations. The RS was certified in newly introduced anti-COVID units (ACU) and in international binding antibody units (BAU) using the World Health Organisation (WHO) international reference panel (NIBSC code: 20/268). The RS's potency was measured in terms of its neutralising activity in ACU (320 ACU/mL) and BAU (2234.8 BAU/mL). The authors established the relationship between ACU and BAU units. For the selected ELISA reagent kits, the conversion factors were 6.4 (NMRC for Hematology) and 7.0 (Euroimmun AG).

Conclusions: the ELISA method for SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification and the RS for SARS-CoV-2 antibody content can be applied to determine the potency of human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulins.
The use of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of S-antigen concentration in whole-virion inactivated adsorbed coronavirus vaccines
Authors: Oksanich A. S. , Krasko A. G. , Samartseva T. G. , Gasich E. L. , Ignatyev G. M.
Published: December 2022

The severe consequences and high mortality of COVID-19 prompted the development of a wide range of preventive vaccines. The first vaccines to be tested were developed in China and formulated as inactivated SARS-CoV-2 adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide. One of the quality indicators for inactivated adsorbed vaccines is the degree of adsorption, which can be used to control the content not only of non-adsorbed antigen, but also of specific antigen in one dose of a vaccine.

The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of desorbing SARS-CoV-2 antigen from formulated adsorbed vaccines and the possibility of measuring its concentration using the BioScan-SARS-CoV-2 (S) ELISA kit for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein content determination.

Materials and methods: the study used four batches of BBIBP-CorV by CNBG, Sinopharm (China) and three batches of CoronaVac by Sinovac Biotech (China). The authors desorbed SARS-CoV-2 S antigen in accordance with monograph FS.3.3.1.0029.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph. Rus.), edition XIV, and quantified it using the BioScan-SARS-CoV-2 (S) ELISA kit by Bioservice Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Russia).

Results: mean S-antigen concentrations in the desorbed samples ranged from 61 to 129 ng/mL for BBIBP-CorV and from 461 to 533 ng/mL for CoronaVac.

Conclusions: the study demonstrated the possibility of specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen desorption from the surface of aluminium hydroxide using the Ph. Rus. method, as well as the possibility of S-antigen quantification in desorbed medicinal products and supernatants using the BioScan-SARS-CoV-2 (S) ELISA kit. The authors observed 3.6- to 8.7-fold difference between the S-antigen concentrations of the desorbed preparations by the two manufacturers.
Immunogenicity evaluation of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V)
Authors: Kirillov I. A. , Pirozhkov A. P. , Rubtsov V. V. , Loginova S. Ya. , Saifulina N. A. , Plekhanova T. M. , Timofeev M. A. , Kutaev D. A. , Logunov D. Y. , Gintsburg A. L. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: December 2022

In November 2020, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation began mass immunisation of the personnel with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), the first Russia vaccine against the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Thus, it became necessary to assess post-vaccination antibody levels and the duration and intensity of humoral immunity to COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to investigate the immunogenicity and efficacy of Gam-COVID-Vac in military medical staff after vaccination.

Materials and methods: the authors determined the presence of specific antibodies in the serum of individuals immunised with Gam-COVID-Vac (477 volunteers) and COVID-19 convalescents (73 patients), using virus neutralisation (VN), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with reagent kits by several manufacturers, and immunoblotting. The results of the study were evaluated using analysis of variance.

Results: VN detected virus neutralising antibodies in 90.7% of vaccinated subjects; ELISA, in 95.4%. Both VN and ELISA showed lower antibody levels in the vaccinated over 50 years of age. ELISA demonstrated a significantly higher concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG in the Gam-COVID-Vac group than in the COVID-19 convalescent group. The correlation between antibody detection results by VN and ELISA was the strongest when the authors used their experimental reagent kit for quantitative detection of virus neutralising antibodies by competitive ELISA with the recombinant human ACE2 receptor. Having analysed the time course of neutralising antibody titres, the authors noted a significant, more than two-fold decrease in geometric means of the titres three months after administration of the second vaccine component.

Conclusions: the subjects vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac gain effective humoral immunity to COVID-19. The decrease in titres indicates the need for revaccination in 6 months.
Safety of Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Kryukov A. V. , Zhiryakova A. S. , Shevchuk Yu. V. , Matveev A. V. , Vechorko V. I. , Averkov O. V. , Glagolev S. V. , Temirbulatov I. I. , Mirzaev K. B. , Denisenko N. P. , Abdullaev Sh. P. , Sychev D. A.
Published: December 2022

The safety of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy is a relevant issue, first of all, because of the current lack of experience with using particular medicinal products and with off-label prescribing. The aim of the study was to analyse information on potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their predictors in etiology- and pathogenesis-oriented COVID-19 therapy. According to literature data, the main clinically significant risk factors for COVID-19 patients to develop an ADR are the duration of their hospital stay, combined use of antivirals, polypharmacy, and their history of drug allergies. The most common adverse reactions to antivirals, to virus-neutralising antibodies, and to human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma are, respectively, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disor ders; gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, and allergic reactions; and transfusion reactions (fever, chills, etc.). For pathogenesis-oriented therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids, the most characteristic ADR is hyperglycaemia. Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors are most often associated with gastrointestinal disorders and hypertransaminasemia; neutropenia is also characteristic of a number of interleukin inhibitors. Haemo static adverse reactions to anticoagulants depend on the patient’s dosing regimen and condition. Drug-drug interactions are a common problem in COVID-19 treatment, with the combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir showing the largest number of significant interactions attributed to their pharmacokinetics. Currently, there is data on the role of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in the safety and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 therapy. Thus, to improve the safety of COVID-19 therapy, an integrated approach is needed that will take into account both the clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic predictors of ADRs and the risk of drug-drug interactions.
Experience of Using Remdesivir in Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Ryazanova A. Yu. , Privaltseva N. S. , Nekrasov D. A.
Published: December 2022

Timely, effective, and safe antiviral therapy in COVID-19 patients reduces complications, disability and mortality rates. The greatest concern with remdesivir is the risk of drug-induced liver injury, including in patients whose liver function is compromised by COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had been admitted to an infectious diseases hospital in the Volgograd region in March 2022. Materials and methods: the authors carried out an open, non-randomised, single-arm study using medical records of 234 patients who had been diagnosed with “U07.1 COVID-19, virus identified” and prescribed remdesivir upon admission. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated using two criteria: the need for oxygen supplementation or ventilatory support, or mortality. The authors conducted the evaluation on days 7, 14, and 28 using the six-point ordinal severity scale by Y. Wang et al. The safety of therapy was assessed on the basis of complaints and changes in laboratory findings.

Results: for the patients prescribed remdesivir at admission, the 7-day mortality rate was 3.0%, the 14-day mortality rate was 5.6%, and the 28-day mortality rate was 7.3%. With the exception of a patient with myocardial infarction, all the patients who had been hospitalised with mild COVID-19 and prescribed remdesivir did not require oxygen therapy and/or transfer to intensive care and were discharged following recovery. The patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 had the 14-day mortality rate of 6.4% and the 28-day mortality rate of 8.6%. 17 patients (7.2%) discontinued remdesivir prematurely for various reasons, including adverse drug reactions. Remdesivir therapy of 5-10 days was associated with an increase in ALT activity by 2.7 ± 0.8 times in 15.9% of patients with mild COVID-19, by 3.8 ± 1.8 times in 20.4% of patients with moderately severe COVID-19, and by 4.8 ± 2.7 times in 24% (12/50) of patients with severe COVID-19. In two patients (0.9%), the increase exceeded 10-fold the upper limit of normal.

Conclusions: the obtained results support recommending remdesivir to patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19, including those with moderately elevated baseline activity of hepatic transaminases.
Sodium Metamizole: Regulatory Status around the World, Safety Problems and Medication Errors
Authors: Ushkalova E. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Butranova O. I. , Samsonova K. I.
Published: December 2022

Sodium metamizole (SM), analgin, was recalled from the pharmaceutical market by the regulatory authorities of some countries in the mid-60s because of side effects (agranulocytosis). However, there has been a trend towards a steady increase in its prescription rates in the recent decades. The aim of the study was to characterise the regulatory status of SM in different countries of the world, to assess the effectiveness and safety, and to analyse available data on medication errors in real clinical practice. According to the reviewed publications, SM is the most frequently used analgesic in surgical practice in German-speaking countries, the third most frequently prescribed analgesic in Switzerland, and a widely used one even in the countries where it has previously been recalled, such as the USA. The increase in the use of SM, according to experts, is due to the opioid crisis and the high risk of cardiotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In chronic pain, the efficacy of SM is superior to that not only of paracetamol, but also of NSAIDs; in postoperative pain and acute primary headache, it is not lower than that of other commonly used analgesics. SM has a pronounced analgesic effect in cancer patients; high doses are comparable to narcotic analgesics in effectiveness but have a significantly more favourable safety profile. Randomised and observational studies confirm that the short-term use of SM is quite safe, including in terms of the risk of developing myelosuppressive side effects. When administered as a course of less than 2 weeks, SM is characterised by a lower frequency of adverse events compared to opioids and an approximately equal one compared to placebo and paracetamol, while longer courses are associated with an increased risk of agranulocytosis. Adverse drug reactions may result from medication errors. The risk of lethal outcome associated with agranulocytosis increases when SM is co-administered with methotrexate or used in elderly patients. In the Russian Federation, SM is an over-the-counter medicinal product approved for a wide range of pain types; it can be used as a highly effective analgesic provided that the dose, route, and frequency of administration are appropriate, the baseline characteristics of patients are taken into account, and unreasonably long courses (more than 2 weeks) are avoided.
Ciencia y “narratividad”. Hacia una clasificación de los usos de la narración en ciencias exactas y naturales
Authors: Koval Martín Ignacio
Published: December 2022

Este artículo aborda algunas manifestaciones de la narración en ciencias con la intención más abarcadora de contribuir a la comprensión de su uso en ámbitos factuales. En primer término, tomando como punto de partida algunos acercamientos previos al problema de la “narratividad”, se propone un modelo teórico-analítico que establece diez condiciones de la narratividad de un texto. Luego se busca determinar las zonas de la producción discursiva científica que resultan más permeables a la textualidad narrativa a partir de una mensura de los grados de narratividad de diferentes géneros textuales. Así, se exploran las diferencias entre textos que dan cuenta de conocimientos ya establecidos y los que proporcionan nuevos saberes; se distingue entre la comunicación institucional de la ciencia y su divulgación; se abordan los usos persuasivos e ilustrativos de la narración, y se delimita el ámbito de las ciencias históricas en cuanto campo privilegiado de la explicación narrativa. El artículo propone, finalmente, algunas conclusiones tendientes a mostrar la utilidad de aplicar el enfoque de los grados de narratividad para pensar la recepción del discurso de la ciencia y lo que se ha dado en llamar el “efecto narrativo”.
Take No Prisoners Caricature: Nikolai Remizov and the Revolution of 1905
Authors: Levitt Marcus C.
Published: December 2022

This article examines the brilliant caricatures by Nikolai Vladimirovich Remizov (Re-mi, born Vasil’ev, 1887–1975) for the Russian satirical journals of 1905–1907. This period marked the first stage of Remizov’s long career, when he emerged as one of the country’s most talented and well-known caricaturists. The article focuses on Remizov’s new, no-holds-barred satire depicting episodes of state-sponsored bloodletting. The satirical journals widely quoted the words of Dmitri Trepov to his troops during the October general strike “not to fire blanks and to spare no cartridges,” a phrase that became a tragi-comic mantra in the satirical journals. It also reflected the take-no-prisoners spirit of Remizov’s caricatures. Further, the article outlines Remizov’s subsequent participation in the few journals—in particular, Satirikon and Novyi Satirikon (New Satyricon)—that strove to keep the satirical tradition of 1905 alive. After the Bolshevik Revolution put a forcible end to these publications, Remizov emigrated, and later forged a long career in the United States as an art designer for stage, television and the big screen.
Physiological Illustration and a Women’s Fashion Magazine: Vasilii Timm’s Satirical Cartoons in Listok dlia svetskikh liudei, 1843–1844
Authors: Raykhlina Yelizaveta
Published: December 2022

The women’s fashion magazine Listok dlia svetskikh liudei (1839–1845) printed satirical lithographs by the Russo-Baltic artist Vasilii Fedorovich Timm in 1843–1844, providing an important forum for merging the physiological sketch with the fashion press. Listok presented Timm with a serialized format, whereby his satirical cartoons adapted the physiological sketch to a largely female readership, commenting on courtship, relationships, male vices, as well as social ills, urban life, and the state of journalism in the 1840s. Listok offered visual commentary on issues important to female readers as well as broader observations of Petersburg life and Russian society.
Calculation of upper support shafts cooling system parameters by means of the finite element method
Authors: Fedoriachenko Serhii , Ziborov Kyrylo , Dzhur Roman , Kholodov Anton
Published: December 2022

Problem. The paper proposes a method for solving the problem of the temperature regimes of the upper support shafts using the finite element method. Thus, using the experimentally obtained values of the cooling air flow of the shafts, the possibility of using the State Thermal module of the Ansys software for a multi-iteration study of the temperature distribution and determining the ranges of thermal expansion was considered. It is an important task during engineering tasks solution. Goal. The goal of the paper is to develop a methodology to solve thermal exchange tasks using FEA methods based on the experiment research of the thermal processes. Methodology. Solution of the tasks involved application of the theoretical approach in order to build up multi-purpose  solid models with the range of initial data to provide a simulation research. Results. The proposed method allows to determine the efficiency of the cooling system in a wide range of changes in air flow parameters and the compliance of the established thermal clearances of the bearing assemblies. Originality. Engineering tasks of the denoted area are rarely solved with FEA, especially thermal package. Thus, implementation of the software with experimental research kit allows in timely manner check the thermal state of the shafts and indicate possible cooling air leaks at the very first stage to avoid time consuming technical service. Practical value. The use of the denoted methodology allows to adjust cooling system in terms of sufficient shaft thermal state of bearing clearances and keep updated cooling parameters to maneuver the main ventilation system.
Using the energy of the amortization system in the organization of the movement of an electric vehicle
Authors: Ponomarov Oleksandr , Marchenko Oleh , Babaitsev Vitalii
Published: December 2022

Problem. One of the areas of developing energy saving when using machines and mechanisms is the recovery of used energy for the purpose of reuse. At the same time, potential energy accumulated by massive mechanisms or kinetic energy of moving machine elements is used. Goal. The purpose of the work is to reveal the main advantages and principle of operation of the pneumatic damping system for energy recovery and generation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis, comparison and generalization of existing scientific research and inventions. The ever-increasing interest of domestic and foreign researchers in the direction of energy saving in road transport, the steady expansion of the list of inventions related to energy saving, such as the conversion of mechanical vibrations into electrical, thermal, hydraulic and other types of energy with subsequent accumulation and useful use, were noted. Results. When the car is moving, as a result of the deformation of the suspension springs, there are transverse and longitudinal vibrations of the frame or body, which are damped by shock absorbers. The most widely used are hydraulic and gas shock absorbers, which use the resistance of a viscous liquid or gas when passing through calibrated holes or limited valve diameters. The very process of dampening oscillations is reduced to the transformation of mechanical energy into thermal energy with subsequent removal of heat to the environment. Originality. As part of energy saving, the authors of the work propose to accumulate the energy of oscillating movements in the form of pneumatic energy of compressed air with the possibility of further use in various systems of automobile transport. They also show the effectiveness and expediency of introducing similar measures, especially in hybrid schemes of cars in which the transformation of thermal and electrical energy takes place at the same time, point out the problems that arise when introducing energy accumulation in the form of compressed air, and propose measures to overcome negative phenomena that characteristic of this process. Practical value. The results of the study indicate the perspective and expediency of implementing new schemes in the direction of increasing the efficiency of newly created recuperation systems in car suspensions, expand the list of methods of providing energy-efficient technologies to increase reliability and durability depending on operating conditions.
Chin augmentation with custom-made implants for microgenia treatment: a two-year follow-up
Authors: Donets I. G. , Panchuk O. V. , Galperin K. V.
Published: December 2022

Objective —  to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using custom‑made and 3D‑printed mandibular implants in patients with microgenia, and to investigate their quality of life and satisfaction with aesthetic results during a two‑year follow‑up.
Materials and methods. 21 patients participated in the study, with 14 (66.7 %) women and 7 (33.3 %) men. The average age of patients was 23.4 ± 2.3 years. All patients had signs of microgenia. In our study, a CT scan of the skull without contrast enhancement served as the primary diagnostic tool. Polyetheretherketonen (PEEK) was the material of choice for the implants.
Results. Among the early postoperative complications were alterations to the sensation of the skin overlying the lower lip, which was restored within 1 — 2 months, and bruising, which had a tendency to spread to the neck. None of the patients had impaired motor innervation of the lower lip. Hematoma and wound suppuration were not detected either. One or two years after surgery, none of the patients had any delayed complications, including implant displacement, bone resorption in the lower jaw, decreased motor activity of the facial muscles, or altered sensation affecting the lower lip. Aesthetic results were assessed after the one‑year follow‑up. In a sample of 21 patients, the aesthetic outcome was excellent in 18 (85.7 %) patients and good in 3 (14.3 %) patients. No patients had bad aesthetic outcomes.
Conclusions. The absence of delayed complications and the low risk of early complications, which in 71.4 % of patients only present as a temporary alteration to the sensation affecting the lower lip, indicate the safety of the suggested method. In all patients after mentoplasty with custom‑made implants, the physical and mental components of health improved statistically (with all values p < 0.05). Excellent aesthetic outcomes were observed in almost all patients (85.7 %) after mentoplasty with custom‑made implants.