bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A idade e o índice de massa corporal estão relacionados com os critérios de diagnóstico de sarcopenia em mulheres idosas?
Authors: Korn Rafaela , Mello Bárbara Antonacci de , Costa Marilda Morais da , Sali Mauren da Silva , Júnior Yoshimasa Sagawa , Soares Antonio Vinicius
Published: March 2022

O envelhecimento traz modificações na composição corporal do idoso, caracterizadas pela redução da massa muscular e densidade óssea, aumento da redistribuição de gordura corporal, e diminuição de massa corporal. Essas alterações estão associadas à falta de hábitos saudáveis, como exercício físico regular e boa alimentação, podendo levar a um provável diagnóstico de Sarcopenia. Objetivo: Observar a relação da idade e composição corporal de idosas comunitárias ativas e institucionalizadas com os critérios diagnósticos da Sarcopenia. Método: Foram selecionadas 132 idosas, com idade ≥70 anos, sem traços demenciais e/ou depressivos. Após a determinação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram classificadas em três grupos (n= 13 com baixo peso <22 kg/m2, n= 43 eutróficas de 22 a 27 kg/m2, e n= 76 com sobrepeso >27 kg/m2). Foram avaliados ainda, o índice de massa muscular total (IMMT) por equação preditiva, e a força de preensão manual (FPM) por dinamometria. Resultados: Foi observado que com o avançar da idade ocorre redução do IMC, assim como diminuição do IMMT e FPM no grupo baixo peso. Também houve uma correlação positiva muito forte entre o IMC e o IMMT no sobrepeso, mostrando que quanto maior o IMC, maior será o IMMT. Conclusão: Idade e IMC estão relacionados com os critérios diagnósticos da Sarcopenia. Assim, é de extrema importância a avaliação minuciosa da composição corporal, estado nutricional e da força muscular em idosos.
Métodos de treinamento aeróbicos e/ou resistidos para pessoas com amputação de membro inferior: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Lima David Braga de , Weber Fernanda Matos , Caviquioni Thamara , Silva Guilherme Boese da , Santos Patrícia Domingos dos , Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Silva Rudney da
Published: March 2022

Individuals with lower limb amputations have complications that can cause decreased strength, mobility and balance, which affect walking ability, physical fitness and functionality. Thus, adequate training can reduce imbalances and asymmetries, helping to improve the function and quality of life of these individuals. Objective: Identify which training methods are most used in this population. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA recommendations. The methodological evaluation of the studies was carried out using the PEDro scale. Results: Seven studies were included in the review, four addressed resistance training, two combined training and one aerobic training. The training interventions consisted of strengthening exercises, stretching, balance and coordination, cardiorespiratory fitness and walking. All training was able to improve, especially in mobility and balance. Conclusion: Resistance training is the most used, however, the more dynamic the training, the better the results and the better the adherence. The training should contain resistance exercises for lower limbs, as well as components for the restoration of balance, mobility and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Fatores associados à síndrome de fragilidade em idosos: análise de modelagem de equações estruturais
Authors: Corrochel Isabela Celano , Oliveira Nayara Gomes Nunes , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Heitor Sara Franco Diniz , Marmo Flavia Aparecida Dias , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a síndrome de fragilidade e seus fatores associados entre idosos na comunidade. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.601 idosos residentes na área urbana da Macrorregião de Saúde do Triângulo Sul de Minas Gerais, que foram divididos em dois grupos: pré-fragilidade/fragilidade (n= 1200) e não fragilidade (n= 401). Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios mediante a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: A maior idade (p<0,001), tal como a menor escolaridade (p<0,001), o maior número de morbidades (p<0,001), o alto risco para complicações metabólicas (p= 0,006) e as medidas inadequadas das circunferências da panturrilha (p<0,001) e braquial (p= 0,028) associaram-se diretamente à pré-fragilidade/fragilidade. As associações indiretas com esta condição foram entre o sexo masculino (β= -0,01), mediado pela medida inadequada da circunferência da panturrilha; sexo feminino, mediado pelo maior número de morbidades (β= 0,04) e pelo alto risco para complicações metabólicas (β= 0,03); e o índice de massa corporal mediado pelo maior número de morbidades (β= 0,03). Conclusão: A maior idade, baixa escolaridade, polimorbidade e inadequações nas medidas das circunferências abdominal, panturrilha e braquial são aspectos que devem ser considerados na elaboração de estratégias de atenção à saúde do idoso, visando postergar o surgimento da síndrome de fragilidade e/ou minimizar suas consequências.
Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With and Without Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Rossom Rebecca C. , Hooker Stephanie A. , O’Connor Patrick J. , Crain A. Lauren , Sperl‐Hillen JoAnn M.
Published: March 2022

Background

To compare estimated 10‐year and 30‐year cardiovascular risk in primary care patients with and without serious mental illness (SMI; bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder).

Methods and Results

All patients aged 18 to 75 years with a primary care visit in January 2016 to September 2018 were included and were grouped into those with and without SMI using diagnosis codes. Ten‐year cardiovascular risk was estimated using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease scores for patients aged 40 to 75 years without cardiovascular disease; 30‐year cardiovascular risk was estimated using Framingham risk scores for patients aged 18 to 59 years without cardiovascular disease. Demographic, vital sign, medication, diagnosis, and health insurance data were collected from the electronic health record by a clinical decision support system. Descriptive statistics examined unadjusted differences, while general linear models examined differences for continuous variables and logistic regression models for categorical variables. Models were then adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance type. A total of 11 333 patients with SMI and 579 924 patients without SMI were included. After covariate adjustment, 10‐year cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in patients with SMI (mean, 9.44%; 95% CI, 9.29%–9.60%) compared with patients without SMI (mean, 7.99%; 95% CI, 7.97–8.02). Similarly, 30‐year cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in those with SMI (25% of patients with SMI in the highest‐risk group compared with 11% of patients without SMI;
P
<0.001). The individual cardiovascular risk factors contributing most to increased risk for those with SMI were elevated body mass index and smoking. Among SMI subtypes, patients with bipolar disorder had the highest 10‐year cardiovascular risk, while patients with schizoaffective disorder had the highest 30‐year cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions

The significantly increased cardiovascular risk associated with SMI is evident even in young adults. This suggests the importance of addressing uncontrolled major cardiovascular risk factors in those with SMI at as early an age as possible.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02451670.
Prognostic Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Markers of Left Ventricular Involvement in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy for Predicting Heart Failure Outcomes
Authors: Chun Kyeong‐Hyeon , Oh Jaewon , Hong Yoo Jin , Yu Hee Tae , Lee Chan Joo , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Joung Boyoung , Pak Hui‐Nam , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Kim Young Jin , Kang Seok‐Min
Published: March 2022

Background

Left ventricular (LV) involvement is frequently observed in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). We investigated the association of LV myocardial assessment using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with clinical outcomes including heart failure (HF)‐related events in ACM.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed 60 patients with ACM between 2005 and 2020 according to the 2010 Task Force Criteria and assessed HF‐related events (HF hospitalization, heart transplantation, and cardiac death) and ventricular tachycardia events. We analyzed CMR findings including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in all subjects and obtained mapping values (native T1, extracellular volume, and T2) on 30 (50%) patients out of them. Among the study population (mean age 49 years, 77% male), 41 (68%) patients had LV LGE. During a median follow‐up of 34 months, there were 13 (22%) HF‐related events, and 20 (30%) ventricular tachycardia events. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed that HF‐related events occurred only in patients with LV LGE (+) (versus LV LGE (‐), log‐rank
P
=0.006), and the events were not significantly different regarding right ventricular LGE (log‐rank
P
>0.999). When categorized by median value for each mapping parameter, HF‐related events occurred more in patients with higher native T1 (versus lower native T1, log‐rank
P
=0.002), and higher T2 (versus lower T2, log‐rank
P
=0.002), higher extracellular volume (versus lower extracellular volume, log‐rank
P
=0.002). However, regarding ventricular tachycardia events, there were no significant differences according to these CMR markers.

Conclusions

LV myocardial assessment using CMR with LGE imaging and native T1, T2, and extracellular volume markers were significantly associated with HF‐related event risk in patients with ACM.
The Suspension of the Portuguese Inquisition, 1674 to 1681: The Female Perspective
Authors: Lloyd Ana Paula
Published: March 2022

Using trials and wills of women arrested in the Portuguese inquisitorial purges of New Christian families between 1672 and 1674, which gave rise to negotiations for a General Pardon and unprecedented suspension of the Inquisition, this article argues that there was a concerted strategy of female education amongst New Christian families, teaching literacy and business savvy to girls. This was not as a tool of empowerment or self-determination against a paternalistic society, but a necessity for the family to function under the scrutiny of neighbors and threat of inquisitorial persecution. Literacy was both a political strategy, a tool that could be used to undermine and evade the inquisition’s codes of secrecy, and a way to ensure the family and its vitally important business networks survived in the diaspora. Exploring the idea that reading and writing can be political acts, I will examine here what literacy meant for the practicality of lives lived in the shadow of the inquisition and diaspora.
The Legal Status of Historic Bays in the Light of the Works of the League of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law
Authors: Kamiński Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The status of historic bays has developed over time and forms a part of customary international law. Interestingly, that issue has never been codified in international treaties regarding the law of the sea. However, it has always been discussed in the codification works on that topic carried out in the 20th century within the international organisations. This article discusses, in brief, the origins and evolution of the legal status of bays in international law until the beginning of the twentieth century. However, most of all, it addresses in detail the beginning of codification works carried out after World War I by the League of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law, with a special reference to the legal position of historic bays. Furthermore, it addresses the questions of so-called vital bays and establishment of International Waters Office, that were also discussed during the Committee works.
Unpacking the Causes and Catalysts of Insurgencies in Africa
Authors: Butime Herman
Published: March 2022

In the 20th and 21st centuries, insurgency has emerged as a mechanism for violently reconstituting the post-colonial state in Africa. Yet, despite its enduring influence on the politics of Africa, insurgency continues to present with intriguing dynamics. Existing literature tends to split the origins of insurgencies on this continent into underlying and immediate causes. Also, with the upsurge in Islamist terrorism in the Post-Cold War era, there has emerged a tendency to treat Islamist insurgencies as different from non-Islamist insurgencies in terms of the contradictions that trigger these phenomena. This article asserts that the fluid dynamics in the onset of insurgency blur the imaginary line separating causes from catalysts of insurgencies in Africa. Equally, the causes and catalysts of Islamist insurgencies are not significantly different from those that precipitate non-Islamist insurgencies.
Legal Implications of Inscribing the Oromo Gadaa System (OGS) in United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) List of Intangible Heritage
Authors: Aga Firdissa Jebessa
Published: March 2022

Gadaa, an indigenous governance system of the Oromo, has been inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to assess the inherent legal implications within the inscription. A qualitative approach was used to generate data from interviews and literatures. The findings have shown that the designations given by the Federal Proclamation are too broad to be applicable – and are alien – to the peculiarities of the OGS. No lifelike efforts are being witnessed for putting in place legal grounds following the inscription. There is a need for reinvigorating the values and principles inherent within the OGS-guaranteeing authentic peaceful and stable political, administrative, economic, social and cultural (co)existence of the Oromo in the Continent. The Oromo people, headed by Abbaa Gadaa and the Oromia National Regional State, also should request UNESCO to rename the OGS instituting both intangible and tangible World Heritage of Humanity.
Dear German Academia: What is Your Role in African Knowledge Production?
Authors: Iroulo Lynda Chinenye , Tappe Ortiz Juliana
Published: March 2022

Although African critical scholars since the 19th century have challenged the culture of studying and writing about Africa, research practices on Africa are still entangled in epistemic injustices resulting from colonial structures of power. In this reflective contribution, we illustrate how such knowledge production perpetuates coloniality and outline the ways in which academic coloniality affects the quality of research and is detrimental to both research subjects and knowledge consumers. To that end, we draw on our own experiences as researchers and teachers in German institutes and universities to analyse current trends and patterns in African Political Science. We provide concrete examples to demonstrate that this coloniality in academia is detrimental to research, fieldwork and publishing practices, teaching, and academic hiring policies. To challenge and change how knowledge is produced, Africanists from the Global North need to be aware of, and sensitised towards, their role in knowledge production. This article continues the debate on decolonising research on Africa.
Upstage Rate of Complex Sclerosing Lesions/Radial Scars
Authors: Jones Veronica M. , Pearce Jane B. , Khalil Maryam , Cain Olivia , Coldren Daniel , Martin Harrison , Howard-McNatt Marissa , Levine Edward , Chiba Akiko
Published: March 2022

Background

Radial scars (RS) and complex sclerosing lesions (CSL) are breast radiologic findings described as small, stellate lesions causing architectural distortion. This can mimic malignancy. Core needle biopsy (CNB) is often performed. Advances in breast imaging have led to increased detection of RS/CSL. The upstage rate of RS/CSL to in situ or invasive disease is 0-40%. We sought to determine the upstaging rate of RS/CSL to in situ, invasive disease, or high-risk lesion at our institution to create excision guidelines.

Methods

The pathology database of a single center was searched for RS/CSL, from January 2013 to September 2020. We included CNB without malignancy or high-risk lesion (eg, atypical ductal hyperplasia). Patient demographics, indications for biopsy, imaging findings, biopsy procedure, and final pathology were collected.

Results

Forty-four patients were included. 52.3% had CNB for architectural distortion on mammography, 18.2% for mass, 11.4% for calcifications, 2.3% for abnormal MRI, and 15.9% for multiple reasons (eg, calcifications and mass). Most had an ultrasound: 43.2% had no abnormality and 34.1% had a mass. All CNB were vacuum assisted, 65.9% with 9-gauge needle, and averaged 10.0 cores. 77.3% were stereotactic biopsies, 13.6% ultrasound, and 6.8% MRI. 59.1% had excision after CNB. 82.1% of patients did not upstage. One patient upstaged to invasive ductal carcinoma (3.6%) and two patients to high-risk lesion (7.1%).

Discussion

There was low upstage rate of RS/CSL on excisional biopsy. Centers could consider close surveillance for RS/CSL on CNB. Longer follow-up in cases of deferred excision is needed to ensure oncologic safety.
Confocal Raman Microscopy for the Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Shape of Polymeric Microsphere Layers
Authors: Syring Alina , Wang Zunhao , Molle Julia , Keese Hendrik , Wundrack Stefan , Stosch Rainer , Voss Tobias
Published: March 2022

The reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of polymeric microsphere layers based on confocal Raman microscopy was studied. Refraction of the Raman laser beam at the curved surface of the spheres broadens the focus volume inside the sphere. Compared to planar layers, the focus gets trapped inside the spheres such that the measured depth profiles are shifted and broadened. Additionally, the Raman signal of the underlying substrate is already observed for nominal focus positions above the microsphere layer. The results are successfully modeled with ray-optical simulations that allow for a clear understanding of the relevant mechanisms that lead to the generation of the Raman signals in the complex three-dimensional structures.
Hybrid polyurethane/natural fibers composites optimized by simplex-centroid mixture design
Authors: dos Santos Felipe Delapria Dias , Batistela Vagner Roberto , dos Santos Andressa , Halison de Oliveira Jean , Radovanovic Eduardo , Granzotto Daniele Cristina Tita , Fávaro Silvia Luciana
Published: March 2022

Low-cost hybrid polyurethane/natural fibers composites were developed and characterized in terms of elastic modulus, resilience, permanent deformation in compression test, and ash content. Composites manufactured in the form of foams were made with partial replacement of 10% (w/w) of polyethylene glycol by natural fibers from rice husk (R.H.), cassava bagasse (C.B.) and wood fiber (W.F.). Composites containing untreated fibers and mercerized fibers were also developed. A simplex-centroid mixture model was used for statistical analysis of the effects caused by the addition of the fibers. Based on the complete cubic model considering all the interactions, it was possible to obtain the common optimum, regarding all the properties studied. For hybrid composites with natural fibers, the optimal composition is 4.5% of C.B. and 95.49% of W.F. while for composites with mercerized fibers is 39.24% of R.H., 26.30% of C.B., and 34.46% of W.F.
Fn1 Regulates the Third Pharyngeal Pouch Patterning and Morphogenesis
Authors: Wang X. , Liang Y. , Zhu Z. , Li W. , Shi B. , Deng Y. , Li C. , Sha O.
Published: March 2022

The parathyroid and thymus are derived from the common primordia, the third pharyngeal pouch. During their development, endodermal cells actively interact with surrounding mesenchymal cells, mainly derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). However, the mechanism by which NCCs regulate the development of the third pharyngeal pouch remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that fibronectin 1 ( Fn1), which is synthesized by NCCs, modulates the functions of NCCs in the third pharyngeal pouch patterning and in the morphogenesis of the thymus/parathyroid. Loss of Fn1 in NCCs leads to decreased Foxn1 expression in the presumptive thymus domain at E11.5. In the mutant, we detected upregulation of the Hedgehog signaling activity in the presumptive parathyroid domain and downregulation of Bmp4 in the presumptive thymus domain. Tbx1, a Hedgehog signaling target gene in endoderm development, was ectopically expanded to the presumptive mutant thymus domain at E11.5. Fgf10, an important gene regulating the proliferation of endoderm development, was downregulated in the mutant NCCs. At later organogenesis stages, derivatives of the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm of mutant embryos were abnormal, showing conditions such as hypoparathyroidism, hypoplastic thymus, and ectopic thymus and parathyroid. These data support that Fn1 plays an important role in NCCs by regulating the patterning of the third pharyngeal pouch and morphogenesis of the thymus/parathyroid.
Residential segregation of migrants: Disentangling the intersectional and multiscale segregation of migrants in Shijiazhuang, China
Authors: Owen Gwilym , Chen Yu , Birabi Timothy , Pryce Gwilym , Song Hui , Wang Bifeng
Published: March 2022

Residential segregation, especially of rural migrants, is of growing concern in China. A key question is whether this spatial separation is entirely due to income – rural migrants priced out of affluent areas – or whether other factors, such as institutional discrimination or social prejudice or homophily, are also at work. We employ state-of-the-art methods to yield a more detailed and nuanced picture of segregation in Shijiazhuang, a second-tier Chinese city. We use a multilevel modelling approach that allows us not only to quantify the extent of segregation at different spatial scales, but also to disentangle the intersectional nature of segregation: the extent to which segregation is due to migrant status or low income alone. We find that migrant status is actually more important than occupation in determining segregation. These findings emphasise the imperative to decompose intersectional segregation into its constituent parts, a task recently made possible by developments in multilevel modelling.
The Spaces Between Fault/Lines: Collaborative Politics of Addiction in Japan
Authors: Atici Selim Gokce
Published: March 2022

In the last decade, the Japanese welfare system has dramatically expanded health-care services and introduced new therapeutic programs for people diagnosed with addiction problems. Staff and members of volunteer-led non-profit rehabilitation centers (known as DARCs) together with medical professionals, developed pilot clinical therapies and critical studies of current clinical models. By encouraging encounters between professionals and DARC volunteers, these programs serve as a basis for new social and economic welfare policies. They incorporate critical assessments of causality and responsibility in the context of social marginalization and the lack of medical care. Scholars of Japanese welfare and a wider scholarship of governmentality and drug policies have analyzed deinvestment in marginalized populations by focusing on medicalization and criminalization. However, the Japanese therapeutic expansion produced alternative experiential, moral, and medical understandings of drug use, as it enabled grassroots participation through new forms of citizenship, peer studies, and alliances across medical, penal, and welfare fields. This article therefore focuses on how grassroots activists engage with medical professionals and welfare officials through self-studies and research about these collectives. Drawing on the anthropology of addiction literature and critical drug studies, and 6 months of anthropological fieldwork in Japan, I interrogate the emerging collaborative politics of addiction in Japan, focusing on alliances between various actors and institutions, the organization of care in a time of economic abandonment of marginalized social classes, and the making of grassroots solidarity. Finally, I reflect on the politics of fault and practices of space-making that characterize these pragmatic alliances. I consider these alliances as interventions into the hegemonic understandings of fault and responsibility in the context of social assistance and addiction-specific welfare policies.
Distortive Assumptions in the Literature on White’s Thesis: Toward Theologically Sensitive Measures of Dominion and Stewardship Ideology
Authors: Brown Caleb , Volk Fred , Wallsgrove Richard
Published: March 2022

Since Lynn White’s 1967 discussion of Christianity and environmentalism, numerous quantitative sociological studies have attempted to assess whether White’s historical claim is born out in Christians’ current perspectives. These studies do so in large part by assessing Christians’ dominion and stewardship tendencies, about which they make two assumptions: (1) dominion ideology is inherently anti-environmental and (2) dominion and stewardship ideologies are opposed.

Many Christians reject these assumptions, a fact we demonstrate by surveying Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and North American Evangelical sources. Each of these discourses, in clear contradistinction to the quantitative sociological literature, portray dominion as leading to self-sacrificial stewardship of creation, all of which is considered intrinsically valuable.

Taking a 2015 study of Christians in Nigeria as a case-study, we demonstrate that this conflict between a) the perspectives assumed in the quantitative literature and b) the perspectives held by many Christians leads to a forced and distortive portrayal of these Christians’ dominion and stewardship perspectives. Finally, we propose ways of measuring dominion and stewardship perspectives that, while not devoid of assumptions, are flexible enough for Christians to register a variety of competing understandings of these concepts.
Education, Science, and Technology Policies during Ecuador’s Citizens’ Revolution: Between Cognitive Dependency and the Struggle for the Social State
Authors: Maniglio Francesco , Barragán Vicente
Published: March 2022

Now that the global development of economies is knowledge-based, there is increasing pressure on peripheral and semiperipheral countries, technologically and economically trapped by their dependency on the advanced economies. In this context, the education, science, and technology policies of the Citizens’ Revolution in Ecuador (2007–2017) must be considered the product of political emergencies and urgent social needs such as the need to halt the continual increase in inequality, poverty, and institutional instability. The knowledge economy has created a contradictory relationship between cognitive dependency and social development. The Citizens’ Revolution government attempted to resist and challenge knowledge rent, opposing appropriation and pillage by transnational companies while pursuing a public system of higher education in science and technology with increasing participation in human capital flows and access for historically excluded groups. Whereas these policies have had an impact in terms of access, democratization, and poverty reduction, they have had the perverse effect of reinforcing the power of the national elites, reproducing Ecuador’s inequalities and historic injustices.

Ahora que el desarrollo global de las economías se basa en el conocimiento, aumenta la presión sobre los países periféricos y semiperiféricos, los cuales se encuentran tecnológica y económicamente atrapados a raíz de su dependencia de las economías avanzadas. En este contexto, las políticas de educación, ciencia y tecnología de la Revolución Ciudadana en el Ecuador (2007–2017) deben ser consideradas como el producto de emergencias políticas y necesidades sociales urgentes, incluyendo la necesidad de frenar el continuo aumento de la desigualdad, la pobreza y la inestabilidad institucional. La economía del conocimiento ha creado una relación contradictoria entre la dependencia cognitiva y el desarrollo social. El gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana intentó resistir y desafiar la renta del conocimiento, oponiéndose a la apropiación y el saqueo por parte de las empresas transnacionales mientras buscaba establecer un sistema público de educación superior en ciencia y tecnología con una creciente participación en los flujos de capital humano y el acceso de grupos históricamente excluidos. Si bien estas políticas han tenido un impacto en términos de acceso, democratización y reducción de la pobreza, también han tenido el efecto perverso de reforzar el poder de las élites nacionales, reproduciendo las desigualdades e injusticias históricas del Ecuador.
Decolonial and Ontological Challenges in Social and Anthropological Theory
Authors: Fúnez-Flores Jairo I.
Published: March 2022

In this article, I examine the conceptual and methodological points of convergence and divergence of two intellectual currents frequently referred to as the decolonial and ontological turns in social and anthropological theory. Salient points considered are the ways both theoretical projects unsettle modernity’s dominant ontological and epistemological foundations by seriously engaging the conceptual potential of thinking with alterity (ethical dimension) and from exteriority (geopolitical dimension). I compare their subversive methodological contributions, examining, in particular, Enrique Dussel’s analectical hermeneutic approach and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s ethnographic method of controlled equivocation. Lastly, I discuss how both theories and approaches complement each other’s efforts to destabilize Western modernity’s philosophical and anthropological foundations.
PLANT VERSUS COW: Conflict Framing in the Ant/Agonistic Relegitimization of a Market
Authors: Koch Christian H. , Ulver Sofia
Published: March 2022

In this article we focus on the cultural mechanisms of market evolution accompanying the marketplace discord between a market actor and a dominant industry. We situate our analysis in the intersection between marketing and institutional theory and engage specifically with the constructs of legitimacy and framing strategies, but also with Chantal Mouffe’s political philosophy concept of agonistics. To better understand the blurry impact of market-driven activism and conflict on the shaping of markets, we use the ongoing “milk-war” between plant- versus animal-based drink producers as backdrop, and empirically explore how a market actor and their supporting institutional actors frame a previously legitimate industry in an attempt to delegitimize it, without sacrificing its consumer market. We find a rhetorical juggling-act of attempted legitimization of the market alternative and delegitimization of the status quo, where the intricacy of framing strategies constitutes what we call conflict framing. In line with the market-critical fundaments of agonistics, this conflict framing can work to (partly) delegitimize the status quo industry and to relegitimize its market at the same time, but cannot radically disrupt the system. Drawing from research predicting a growing absorption of politicized conflict by the market in general, we problematize and critique a potential rise in presence of marketmediated conflict framing. Our insights contribute to ongoing conversations on market evolution, markets for alternatives, ethical consumption and the ideological functioning of markets.
Evaluation of Structural Performance of Pavements under Extreme Events: Flooding and Heatwave Case Studies
Authors: Matini Narges , Gulzar Saqib , Underwood Shane , Castorena Cassie
Published: March 2022

The recent increase in the frequency of extreme weather events has raised awareness and interest in the need for transportation infrastructure resilience. In this paper, the issue of pavement resilience is discussed with the goal of refining the idea for its use in pavement design. It is argued that one critical knowledge gap to advancing the state of the art in this area is distinguishing between functional and structural resiliency. The arguments here are framed using floods and heatwaves to demonstrate the importance of structural resilience. Under extreme event disruptions, structural damage is inevitable. The case study simulations in this paper suggest, depending on the pavement structure, intensity, and frequency of flooding events over the analysis period, that pavement rutting performance can decrease by 15.5% in the case of a structure with sand subgrade and 18.8% in the case of a structure with clay subgrade. In the case of heatwaves, the increase in rutting was found to be 2.9% in a structure with sand subgrade. To move toward more resilient pavement infrastructure, it is important to continuously monitor pavements after extreme events, develop methodologies to predict their performance, incorporate the findings in the current pavement management systems, and adapt design and management strategies accordingly. Future design and management of pavement systems should consider both structural and functional resiliency. This study shows that pavement performance simulations predict a long-term decrease in structural performance as a result of extreme events.
Rethinking Theoretical Approaches to Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe: Toward a Dynamic Approach
Authors: Pietrzyk-Reeves Dorota
Published: March 2022

The developments that took place in Central and Easter Europe (CEE) over the last three decades have consequences for how researchers define and understand the concept of civil society. This article revisits four major approaches to civil society that were developed after 1989 and provides reasons for a reconceptualization in light of new research and empirical data. It argues that civil society in CEE needs to be studied not as an outcome or a facilitator of democratization and democratic consolidation, but as a phenomenon in its own right. The article also supports an earlier claim of scholars that the static liberal approach to civil society has limited explanatory potential in the CEE context and advocates a dynamic approach, which is guided less by normative assumptions and more by the actual experience of societies practicing various forms of social self-organization. Four criteria of the dynamic model that are proposed include a broad understanding of civic activism as the key dimension of civil society, a clear focus on its potential, a better understanding of the normative content of civic activism, and a recognition of a value-related aspect of civil society activism.
Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool—Thai Version: Translation, Validity, and Reliability
Authors: Singhala Kochaporn , Mills Andrew C. , Wong-Anuchit Choochart
Published: March 2022

Background:

In 2019, 14.0% of infants in Thailand were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months of age. To increase exclusive breastfeeding, an objective assessment measure would be useful to maternity care providers for appraising the problems encountered by new mothers’ experiences with breastfeeding.

Research Aims:

To translate the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool from English into Thai; to assess the reliability and validity of the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool; and to explore the relationship of a mother’s self-efficacy to successful breastfeeding.

Methods:

Using a methodological design, we purposively sampled 302 new mothers from two tertiary hospitals in Thailand who had given birth to a single baby with an uncomplicated vaginal birth. The Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool’s structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed using the Thai LATCH instrument and Thai Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively.

Results:

The inter-item Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool correlation coefficients were positive and strong. The correlation between scores of the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool and Thai LATCH instrument were positive and strong and had acceptable concurrent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis model fit the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool data perfectly and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient had acceptable internal reliability.

Conclusions:

The Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool is a cross-culturally translated instrument equivalent to its English version and demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The instrument provides a mechanism for an objective assessment and monitoring system of optimal breastfeeding practices in Thai mothers with newborns.
Numerical simulation of the stability of water fiber-optic in water jet-guided laser machining
Authors: Zhang Yinuo , Qiao Hongchao , Zhao Jibin , Cao Zhihe
Published: March 2022

Water jet-guided laser machining is a new compound machining technology, which has been widely used in many fields due to its better processing effect. In this technology, the coupling of laser beam and micro-water jet directly determines the machining effect, and the prerequisite for successful coupling is the steady flow of the water jet, so ensuring the stability of the micro-water jet is the key to the stable machining of water jet-guided laser. Therefore, it is of great significance to studying the stability of the water fiber-optic in water jet-guided laser processing. In this paper, aiming at the problem that the stability of the water fiber-optic is difficult to control, a finite element model of the water fiber-optic is established. The convection model is vortex gas-phase flow “enveloped” water fiber-optic which is used to explain the interaction mechanism, and the flow field distribution of gas-phase flow and water fiber-optic convection was obtained. The results show that water fiber-optic is refined under the constraint of gas-phase flow, and the maximum processing distance can increase by three times. At the same time, the gas-phase flow can accelerate the removal of processing debris, and the processing accuracy and efficiency are improved.
Optimization of grinding process parameters based on BILSTM network and chaos sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Li Zhihang , Zou Lai , Tang Qian
Published: March 2022

Grinding is a key process in machining and has direct impacts on the accuracy, performance, and service life of the finished workpiece. Process changes have a significant effect on quality and efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to select the best process combination. The traditional optimization methods are complex in analysis and poor in generalization. In this paper, a novel optimization algorithm is proposed. A bidirectional long short-term memory network is used to construct a prediction model of the relationship between the process parameters and evaluation parameters, and the chaos sparrow search algorithm is used to solve for the optimal process combination in the search space. Moreover, this paper focuses on belt grinding and considers three process parameters—belt linear velocity, grinding pressure, and feed speed—and two evaluation parameters: machining accuracy and grinding efficiency. The overall goal is to maximize grinding efficiency within the range of machining accuracy requirements. Grinding experiments are carried out on 20CrMnTi cylindrical bars. The model is verified based on the experimental data, and the results prove the feasibility of the model.
Identification of Learning Disabilities in India: Current Challenges and Issues
Authors: Misquitta Radhika , Panshikar Apoorva
Published: March 2022

Research on learning disabilities (LD) in India is in its nascent stage, and LD was only recently recognized as a disability in 2016. This column presents an overview of current identification procedures in India and suggests alternatives for the way forward. Identification of LD in India is challenging given the diversity in languages spoken and the socio-economic disparity. Estimated prevalence rates of LD in India range widely between 2% and 19%. Few assessment tools in India have been developed and normed on the Indian population or are available in Indian languages. This column recommends exploring a response to intervention (RTI) approach to identification of LD. It highlights the need for development of assessment tools in multiple languages that have been normed and standardized on an Indian population.
Histopathological Correlation of Chromosome 12 Polysomy by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization in Adipocytic Neoplasms
Authors: Wilcock Diane M. , McMurtry Valarie , Coleman Joshua F. , Kim Jong Taek , Khalili Parisa , Deftereos Georgios , Albertson Daniel , Gulbahce Evin H. , Liu Ting , Sirohi Deepika
Published: March 2022

Background: Identification of MDM2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization is an important diagnostic tool for evaluation of adipocytic neoplasms. Rarely, neoplasms can show increased copies of MDM2 and CEP12 probes (polysomy) without amplification ( MDM2/CEP12 ratio <2.0). While noted in the literature, this finding has not been the focus of any study to date. Methods: Consecutive cases were retrospectively screened for increased copies of MDM2 and CEP12 and were classified as: high polysomy (ratio<2.0, CEP12≥10.0), low polysomy (ratio<2.0, but >0.5, CEP12≥4.0 but <9.9), and CEP12 amplification (ratio≤0.5, CEP12 > 4.0). H&E slides were classified by a pathologist into diagnostic categories based on morphology without knowledge of MDM2 amplification result. Correlations between chromosome 12 polysomy and histological features in the same region of the tumor were investigated. Results: There were 19 (0.7%) high polysomy, 52 (2.0%) low polysomy and 3 (0.1%) CEP12 amplification cases identified in the 2541 cases screened. While low polysomy was seen across benign and malignant adipocytic tumors and other sarcomas, high level polysomy was primarily seen in liposarcomas, both atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). No lipomas were high polysomy. Conclusion: Polysomy is an uncommon, but distinct, finding in adipocytic neoplasms found across the spectrum of benign to malignant with little insight into the pathophysiology or prognosis. While low polysomy is also observed in benign adipocytic neoplasms, high polysomy is almost always seen in malignant adipocytic neoplasms and is uncommon in benign adipocytic neoplasms.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of BAP1 Expression in Breast Cancer with Known BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations and Comparison with Histopathological Features
Authors: Çalım-Gürbüz Begüm , Güvendir İrem , Ünal Büşra , Erdoğan-Durmuş Şenay , Topal Cumhur Selçuk , Ağaoğlu Nihat Buğra , Doğanay Hamdi Levent , Kızılboğa Tuğba , Zemheri Itır Ebru
Published: March 2022

Introduction. BRCA-mutated breast cancers have specific pathological characteristics. BAP1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is important in many cancers with different pathways. The relationship between BRCA1 mutation and BAP1 immunohistochemical staining is still unclear. Our aim is to determine whether BAP1 immunohistochemical expression indicates BRCA mutation status in breast carcinomas with specific pathological characteristics. In addition, we aim to determine the histopathological characteristics of tumors according to BRCA mutations. Methods. Histomorphology, molecular subtypes and BAP1 immunohistochemical expression patterns of the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated and non-mutated tumors were evaluated. The BAP1 immunohistochemical stain was applied to nine tumor tissues with the BRCA1 mutation, six tumor tissues with the BRCA2 mutation, and 16 tumor tissues without any BRCA mutation. Pearson's chi square test and the Fisher Freeman Halton test were used to analyze the associations between the datas. The statistical significance was considered as P value of <.05. Results. Immunohistochemical BAP1 loss was not detected in any mutated or non-mutated tumor group. BRCA1 mutated tumors had the statistically highest histopathological grade ( P = .04) and BRCA1/2 mutated tumors had significant immunohistochemical triple negative expression pattern ( P = .01). Conclusions. Intrinsic and histopathological characteristics may vary between BRCA1 mutated and non- BRCA1 mutated tumors. Also, BAP1 loss was not detected in BRCA mutated breast tumors because of several effects of BAP1 that are non-related with BRCA in the cell cycle.
The Roles of Legacy Versus Social Media Information Seeking in American and Chinese Consumers’ Hoarding During COVID-19
Authors: Kim Sora , Sheng Xiaojing , Ketron Seth C.
Published: March 2022

Through two studies conducted with cross-cultural samples (the United States and China), this research examines the psychological mechanism of consumer hoarding during COVID-19. Findings from Study 1 suggest that consumer hoarding is differently affected by legacy and social media information seeking, perceived scarcity, and scarcity attributions in the United States versus China. For China, while social media information seeking has a negative downstream relationship to hoarding, legacy media information seeking has a positive relationship with hoarding. In the United States, only social media information seeking has a positive relationship with hoarding. Further, these effects are significant when consumers attribute the scarcity responsibility to insufficient supply but not high demand. Study 2 shows that when the cause of scarcity is stated directly, perceived scarcity increases hoarding intention for Chinese consumers when the scarcity cause is due to supply but not demand, whereas U.S. consumers’ hoarding intention does not vary with the scarcity cause. The findings underscore cross-cultural differences in how legacy and social media information seeking influence consumer hoarding and highlight implications for situations in which hoarding is likely.
“Sharing a Moment”: An Open Letter
Authors: Badley Graham Francis
Published: March 2022

I have used a letter format to respond to an invitation in a paper by Joanne Yoo to share thoughts and experiences about our academic and writing lives.
Oral cancer awareness and education within the pharmacy profession
Authors: Saadat Soheyl , Longridge Nicholas , Shaw Richard , Walker Andrew , McCarthy Caroline
Published: March 2022

The incidence of oral cancers are rising in the UK, with early detection a significant positive prognostic factor. The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted patients access to dental services, reducing a potential avenue to diagnosis. Community pharmacists are well positioned to play an expanded role in supporting earlier detection. This study seeks to identify levels of awareness and knowledge of oral cancer amongst community pharmacists, to inform development of educational resources.

A cross-sectional digital survey was distributed via social media between August and September 2021. Data were collected on participant's demographics, oral cancer awareness and educational resources relevant to oral cancer. The results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics in IBM SPSS software.

61 pharmacists completed the survey. The majority were female (n = 40; 65.6%) aged 18–30 (n = 33; 54.1%). Less than half of respondents reported feeling confident in recognising risk factors (37.7%; n = 23). A substantial minority (n = 8; 13.1%) incorrectly selected fluoride toothpaste use as a risk factor for oral cancer. Most respondents correctly suggested signposting patients with signs or symptoms of oral cancer to a General Medical or General Dental Practitioner (GDP) (n = 35; 57.3%, n = 46; 75.4%). 91.8% of respondents (n = 56) would welcome an educational resource to support professional development.

This study demonstrates a need for further educational resources regarding oral cancer, specifically aimed at community pharmacists. Community Pharmacists have a crucial role in efforts to improve rates of early detection of oral cancers. Work should be completed to explore the establishment of direct referral pathways from community pharmacy to secondary care.