bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Four Beddings for Ammonia Control in Individually Ventilated Mouse Cages
Authors: Tataryn Nicholas M , Buckmaster Cindy A , Schwiebert Rebecca S , Swennes Alton G
Published: October 2020

Ammonia control is an important characteristic of rodent bedding materials. Among natural bedding materials, corncob bedding provides excellent ammonia control but contains estrogenic compounds and is ingested by mice. By comparison, processed cellulose bedding products are biologically
inert and harbor fewer bacteria but historically have shown low absorbency or poor ammonia control. New cellulose products have been developed to address these shortcomings. Over a 2-wk period, we evaluated intracage ammonia levels in mouse IVC using 4 bedding types: shaved aspen, corncob,
virgin pelleted cellulose, and refined virgin diced cellulose. Ammonia levels were measured by using 3 methods: colored reagent tubes, colorimetric paper strips, and a photoionization detector. Corncob, pelleted cellulose, and diced cellulose showed better ammonia control than aspen as early
as 4 d after cage changing and throughout the 2-wk measurement period. In addition, pelleted and diced cellulose products resulted in lower ammonia levels than corncob at the end of the 14-d cage-change interval. Our data indicate that pelleted or refined diced cellulose are viable alternatives
to natural bedding products in IVC to limit the risk of exposure of mice to high ammonia levels.
Mujeres coleccionistas y artistas en el proceso de revalorización del pasado precolombino
Authors: Ruiz Romero Zara
Published: October 2020

Durante los siglos XIX y XX las piezas precolombinas experimentan una revalorización sin precedentes, que culmina con su consideración como obras artísticas. Coleccionistas a ambos lados del Atlántico aumentan el interés por su adquisición, como parte de una escenografía relacionada con la posición social, o la búsqueda de una identidad. Del mismo modo, distintas artistas comienzan a tomarlas como objeto de inspiración, y las piezas y diseños precolombinos se convierten en protagonistas de cuadros, obras textiles, o libros ilustrados. Todo ello como parte de un proceso complejo e interrelacionado entre sí, a partir del cual pretendemos rescatar y enaltecer el legado de seis mujeres, artistas y coleccionistas que intervinieron en la reconsideración y el aprecio hacia el pasado precolombino.
El desarrollo de la competencia de documentación especializada en estudiantes de traducción a lo largo de la inserción disciplinar
Authors: Fernández-Silva Sabela , Folch Cañete Bárbara
Published: October 2020

La traducción de textos especializados requiere de competencias específicas que apuntan, fundamentalmente, a adquirir conocimiento sobre la materia, sobre la terminología y sobre los géneros textuales y las convenciones estilísticas de los textos fuente y meta. En este proceso, la documentación especializada es fundamental pues permite compensar la falta de conocimiento experto mediante la búsqueda de información en fuentes documentales especializadas y resolver gran parte de los problemas de traducción. En este artículo se investiga el desarrollo de la competencia de documentación especializada en estudiantes de traducción inglés-español de una universidad chilena a lo largo de su formación. Estudiantes de segundo, tercero y cuarto año realizaron dos tareas de documentación temática y terminológica asociadas a la traducción de un artículo científico de medicina. Los resultados mostraron que, conforme avanza la formación, los estudiantes identifican fuentes más pertinentes, juzgan mejor su fiabilidad y aplican estrategias de búsqueda más complejas asociadas a las distintas fases de la traducción. El mejor desempeño del grupo avanzado con respecto a los otros dos se atribuye a su mayor experiencia en la práctica de la traducción especializada.
Un estudio traductológico del sentimiento en los informes financieros español/inglés: las emociones en la economía desde la perspectiva del Análisis del Sentimiento y la Teoría de la Valoración
Authors: Orts María Ángeles
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación explora el léxico emocional en un corpus paralelo de informes financieros en español y su traducción al inglés. En primer lugar, se realizó una revisión general de las frecuencias léxicas, seguida de un procesamiento del corpus con el software Lingmotif de Análisis del Sentimiento (SA) para diagnosticar la intensidad y polaridad emotiva en los textos. Finalmente, los ítems cargados de emoción de ambas versiones se clasificaron dentro del marco de la Teoría de la Valoración (AT), con el fin de catalogar con mayor precisión los elementos de polaridad positiva y negativa. En general, nuestros resultados muestran cómo la intensidad y polaridad de los sentimientos se conservan generalmente tanto en el TO como en TM, mientras que la forma en que se expresan varía de una versión a otra por razones funcionales.
La traducción política en China: estudio de la versión española de la obra de Xi Jinping Gobernación y Administración de China
Authors: Liu Guang Lu
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo se centra en las características de la traducción en el ámbito de la política. Clasificamos la historia de la traducción de textos políticos de la China moderna en tres etapas. La parte principal de este artículo consiste en el análisis de algunos aspectos macrológicos y micrológicos de la versión castellana de la obra de Xi Jinping Gobernación y Administración de China. En cuanto al análisis macro de este texto político, nos centramos en las características de la traducción institucional en China. En el análisis micro de la obra, nos fijamos en distintos niveles, desde la textualidad, la retórica o las estructuras oracionales hasta determinados elementos del léxico. Con una metodología indisciplinar que combina teorías políticas y traductológicas, llegaremos a conclusiones sobre las formas de la acción política, las características de las tres etapas y las estrategias utilizadas en la traducción de la obra.
La traducción de literatura infantil: temas centrales y nuevas vías de investigación
Authors: García de toro Cristina
Published: October 2020

En los últimos treinta años el estudio de la traducción de textos para el público infantil ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento tanto en términos de interés como de visibilidad. Sin embargo, para quienes inician su andadura investigadora en este terreno, no es fácil saber por dónde empezar. El campo de estudio es amplio y son muchos los posibles temas de investigación. Y a ello se suma el problema de la dispersión de la información. Las publicaciones, ya sean artículos, libros, capítulos de libro, no siempre están incluidas en revistas o colecciones de traducción. Este trabajo pretende ofrecer una introducción al ámbito de estudio. Revisaremos para ello los temas y conceptos que más interés están despertando entre los investigadores y las investigadoras, reseñaremos brevemente los textos de lectura esencial, y mostraremos las nuevas líneas de investigación que se abren en esta prometedora área de investigación.
El estímulo ICRETRA: incentivar la competencia creativa en el contexto de la formación de traductores traduciendo humor
Authors: Ponce Márquez Nuria , Mendoza García Inmaculada
Published: October 2020

En Traductología, la investigación centrada en el fomento de la creatividad se lleva principalmente a cabo en el ámbito de la formación de traductores y los estudios que se realizan son tanto de naturaleza teórica y metodológica como empírica. Desde una aproximación bidisciplinar, que abarca la psicología y la traducción, en este artículo presentamos una propuesta de naturaleza metodológica, que se origina en el contexto de la formación de traductores, combinando la traducción científico-técnica con la traducción de textos humorísticos. Tras quince años formando a futuros traductores en el Grado de Traducción e Interpretación ofertado por nuestra Universidad, hemos observado que aún en los últimos estadios de su formación los estudiantes siguen produciendo traducciones con un elevado grado de literalidad, tanto en el plano léxico como en el plano sintáctico y en el plano pragmático. Fue en respuesta a esta situación como surgió la idea que hemos denominado «el estímulo ICRETRA»: la Incentivación de la competencia CREativa en la formación de TRAductores. ICRETRA consiste en un modelo de formación desarrollado específicamente con el objetivo de fomentar la fluidez y la riqueza expresiva en la práctica de la traducción especializada –en concreto, en la práctica de la traducción científico-técnica–. Con esta finalidad, se diseña una metodología desarrollada a partir de la traducción de textos de naturaleza humorística, que, cuando se implementa de forma sistemática, ayuda a concienciar a los estudiantes de la importancia de activar la competencia creativa para producir traducciones fluidas y naturales.
Percepciones metafóricas de la traducción en lengua búlgara: el traductor es un superhombre y la traducción es una guerra
Authors: Baltadzhiyan Vitanova Elizabeta Eduard
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de un estudio empírico sobre las metáforas de la traducción y la interpretación utilizadas por traductores e intérpretes búlgaros. Su marco teórico lo constituyen las ciencias cognitivas de segunda generación, en particular, la Teoría Conceptual de la Metáfora. El objetivo del trabajo es explorar la conceptualización metafórica de la traducción y la interpretación en lengua búlgara e investigar si el entorno sociocultural y político búlgaro ha propiciado la emergencia de metáforas específicas, diferentes a las ya recogidas en la literatura traductológica. Los resultados del análisis indican, por un lado, un uso de las metáforas del traslado, el viaje, el arte y la percepción, ya analizadas en anteriores estudios traductológicos, y por otro, la emergencia de metáforas relacionadas con la vida política y cultural búlgara durante la época socialista: las de la guerra y el superhombre, que podrían ser específicas de la cultura búlgara.
Механизмы гепатотоксического действия лекарственных средств
Authors: Крылова Ирина Николаевна , Цублова Е. Г.
Published: October 2020

В обзоре рассмотрены особенности повреждающего действия лекарственных средств (ЛС) на печень. Приводится классификация гепатотоксического действия (ГТД). Охарактеризованы патологические состояния, развивающиеся при ГТД ЛС. Рассмотрены основные механизмы, лежащие в основе ГТД, перечислены существующие меры профилактики ГТД ЛС.
The Shema Israel in Second Temple Judaism
Authors: Lange Armin
Published: October 2020

The Halbturn amulet reads the Shema Israel as a monotheistic statement and uses the text of Deut 6:4 for apotropaic purposes. This article shows that the monotheistic interpretation of the Shema became prominent in Egyptian Judaism due to apologetic needs and became the dominant understanding of Deut 6:4 in Judean Judaism at the latest by the first century C. E. The Qumran Mezuzot mark the beginning of the Shema’s apotropaic employment in late Second Temple times.
A Short History of the People Israel from the Patriarchs to the Messiah
Authors: Berkowitz Beth A.
Published: October 2020

This article addresses recent arguments that question whether “Judaism,” as such, existed in antiquity or whether the Jewishness of the Second Temple period should be characterized in primarily ethnic terms. At stake is the question of whether it is appropriate to speak of Judaism as an abstract system or religion in this early period. An appeal to the under-used collections of Midrash Aggadah provides the context for new insights, focused around a pericope in Leviticus Rabbah that is preoccupied with this very question. This parashah goes well beyond the ethnicity/ religion binary, producing instead a rich variety of paradigms of Jewish identity that include moral probity, physical appearance, relationship to God, ritual life, political status, economics, demographics, and sexual practice.
The Chronological Conception of the Persian Period in Daniel 9
Authors: Segal Michael
Published: October 2020

This article reconsiders scholarly treatments of Dan 9, especially in terms of the chapter’s treatment of Jeremiah’s prophecy of 70 years. It is suggested that the 70 weeks of Daniel do not directly reinterpret the 70 years of Jeremiah nor do they overlap with or replace them. Instead, the 70 weeks reflect a subsequent, successive period of time, immediately following the completion of the seventy years of Exile. This new understanding has implications both for the understanding of this chapter in Daniel, and more generally, for the history of a number of Jewish traditions in the Hellenistic period.
A Story of Women’s Suffering
Authors: Raveh Inbar
Published: October 2020

This article offers a gender reading of a brief dialogue between Rabbi Hiyya and his wife, Judith. Treated in light of Carol Gilligan and Judith Butler, the account reveals a female character who is surprisingly able to manipulate the masculine realm to her own ends. Faced with extreme pain in childbirth, Judith chooses not to approach her husband relationally, in what Gilligan would describe as a typically feminine mode of communication. Instead, Judith disguises herself and confronts him in the masculine sphere of the court setting. Her choice of location and approach suggests, as Butler might argue, that her disguise is actually an example of male “drag,” and her successful performance in the masculine sphere earns her the right to opt out of the system it oversees.
Sacred Trees in the Garden of Eden and Their Ancient Near Eastern Precursors
Authors: Bauks Michaela
Published: October 2020

Interpretations of the trees in the Garden of Eden misunderstand their significance by focusing on sin or a theological “fall.” A tradition-historical approach to the motif of trees in ancient Near Eastern literature and imagery reveals their multivalent quality. Trees are connected with fertility and goddess devotion but also with the power and divine sanction given to kings and dynasties, and with the potency of sacred space, on which humans and the divine come together and meet. As cross-temporal motifs, trees are regularly associated with life-giving and blessing (a plant of rejuvenation; a tree of life); a connection of trees to knowledge and meaning appears as well, in wisdom literature, and in the book of 1 Enoch. Language of a world tree or cosmic tree, though useful conceptually, is a modern imposition on the ancient evidence. More evident from the ancient setting is the image of felling trees, which indicates the downfall of human leaders, especially kings, because of their hubris. Ultimately, sacred trees have an ambivalent value, as a source of both contestation and progress.
“Ancient Jewish Monotheism” in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
Authors: Hurtado Larry W.
Published: October 2020

Although “monotheism,” defined as affirmation that only one deity exists, is a dubious descriptor of ancient Jewish religion, there are distinguishing features of Jewish religious belief and practice (particularly in the late Hellenistic and early Roman period) that must be recognized, reflecting particularly a concern to distinguish the one biblical deity from all others. After engaging terminological debates, I propose that “ancient Jewish monotheism” can serve as a handy label for this concern. Then, I identify key features of this religious stance, which are evident in religious rhetoric and even more crucially cultic practice, particularly in the restriction of cultus to the one deity.
The Figure of Phinehas from Different Perspectives
Authors: Marttila Marko
Published: October 2020

Literary- and redaction-critical observations suggest that the story about Phinehas atoning for Israel (Num 25) is a late insert in the book of Numbers. Because of his reconciliatory act, Phinehas is promoted to a covenantal relationship with God. This means that Phinehas and his descendants will hold a perpetual priesthood. The next author who treats the story of Phinehas is the anonymous psalmist who wrote Ps 106. The psalmist mentions neither the covenant nor the perpetual priesthood of Phinehas’ family. Nonetheless, Phinehas was a hero and a righteous person to the psalmist because it was Phinehas’ intervention that put an end to a serious plague. It is noteworthy that Ps 106 does not describe the cruel details of Phinehas’ deed. In the beginning of the second century B. C. E., Ben Sira highlights Phinehas in his lengthy work, “The Praise of the Ancestors” (Sir. 44–50). Just as in Ps 106, Ben Sira also leaves out the violent details of Phinehas’ intervention. For Ben Sira, Phinehas is a significant figure because Ben Sira favored the hereditary, Aaronite priesthood. Ben Sira makes a remarkable addition to his sources by claiming that Phinehas’ descendants would be granted an everlasting high priesthood. A statement like this links priestly and royal aspects tightly together.
The (Im)purity Levels of Communal Meals within the Qumran Movement
Authors: Wassén Cecilia
Published: October 2020

Scholars usually take for granted that the sectarian members of the Qumran movement ate their common meals in full purity at a level that is often compared to that of the priests serving in the temple. This assumption rests on the interpretation of hatohorah, “the purity,” as pertaining to common meals. But a careful study of a range of texts, including the important Tohorot A, leads to a more nuanced picture. Accordingly, it is important to distinguish between the common, everyday meals of the movement and the special meals. Whereas a mild level of impurity of the participants was accepted at the ordinary type of communal meals, special meals required purity. Even at these pure meals, there were variations concerning the required level of purity depending on the occasion.
The Twice-Assembled Tabernacle
Authors: Bruning B. E.
Published: October 2020

Exodus 35–40, a text-critical and literary-historical crux, reports the construction of the Tabernacle in two forms, neither of which conforms exactly to the instructions for the Tabernacle that Moses receives in chapters 25–31. The two surviving forms of the construction report differ in both the length and the order of their reports: the shorter form of chapters 35–40, now attested only by the Old Greek (OG) translation of Exodus, and the longer, attested in all known Hebrew manuscripts. The most dramatic difference appears in the two forms of chapters 36–39, the manufacture of the Tabernacle’s components; but a similar pattern is also evident in the two forms of Exodus 40, where the assembly of the Tabernacle is related. In light of the evidence of textual pluriformity of scriptural books in the later Second-Temple claim and increasing scholarly confidence in the testimony of OG translators and its use, many now argue that literary edition, not translation, accounts for the diverging forms of Exodus 35–40.

Further examination of Exodus 35–40 in light of this claim remains a desideratum. The present article examines Exodus 40 in its two forms, the shorter in OG and the longer in the Masoretic Text (MT) and the Samaritan Pentateuch (SP), as a means of exploring the implications of the claim that OG and MT (etc.) represent variant literary editions of Hebrew texts of Exodus 35–40. Not only does a shorter Hebrew text of Exodus 40 appear to be both the Vorlage of OG and the basis of a revised, expanded edition now attested in MT and SP, but it also suggests an even earlier form of Exodus 40, part of which is now incorporated into Leviticus 8. Recognition of this multi-stage development of Exodus 40 suggests that an already composite, pre-pentateuchal Tabernacle Account (now found in Exodus–Numbers) stands before the Pentateuch represented by the MT especially in Exodus–Numbers. If so, scholarly accounts of both the composition and the transmission of the Pentateuch – or rather, its composition-and-transmission history – are due significant revision, beginning with reassessment of the textual evidence of the Tabernacle chapters in OG Exodus.
Some Considerations on Ezekiel’s Exagoge
Authors: Gambetti Sandra
Published: October 2020

The fragmentary state of Ezekiel’s Exagoge unfortunately prevents its readers from formulating firm theses about the play’s cultural function and general significance. However, it remains possible to formulate well-reasoned hypotheses and thereby stimulate further research on this fascinating text. This article discusses the political significance of the Exagoge through the exploration of five different hypotheses stemming from as many possible historical scenarios of the mid-second cent. B. C. E. within which Moses, the tragic hero of the play, could have acquired particular relevance. The “Mosaic constituencies,” whose political interests Ezekiel may have addressed by writing his play, are either the Oniads or the Samaritans or the Hasmoneans.
Sabbath-Temple-Eden
Authors: Miller Yonatan S.
Published: October 2020

Despite repeated biblical mentions of the sanctity of the Sabbath and numerous imperatives to keep the day holy, there is little in rabbinic writings on the Sabbath reflecting these facets of the day’s observance. In contrast, Jewish writers from the Second Temple period and members of the Samaritan-Israelites actively sanctified the Sabbath by maintaining the day in a state of ritual purity. In this article, I reassess the exegetical and theological origins of this latter practice. I illustrate how non-rabbinic writers were attuned to the web of biblical connections between Sabbath, Tabernacle/Temple, and Eden, which they understood as bringing the Sabbath into the realm of cultic law. Just as access to the Temple demanded the ritual purity of the entrant, so too entering the Sabbath day. This “spatialization” of ritual time coheres with other known extensions of the domain of Temple laws. With these findings as a backdrop, I present the previously unexplained ritual purity tangents attested in Mishnah Shabbat as both responding to, and dismissing, the sectarian practice. This move coheres with an additional phenomenon, whereby the rabbis systematically disengaged the imperative to sanctify the Sabbath from the people. Whereas Jewish theologians see in the rabbinic Sabbath a temporal Temple, such an understanding is foreign to rabbinic literature and instead finds its best articulation in sectarian sources.
Levels of Explanation for Ideas of Impurity
Authors: Kazen Thomas
Published: October 2020

When trying to understand purity practices and conceptions of impurity, which often seem enigmatic, scholars construe “explanations” on very different levels and frequently do not distinguish clearly between cause and effect. In the present article, I seek to disentangle various levels or types of explanation, ranging from evolutionary and historical, through cognitive and social, to structuralist and symbolic. While many attempts to explain impurity look for origins, reasons, or at least backgrounds, others rather aim at the results, or functions, of various ideas and practices of purity. Some explanations focus on analogies and correspondences, even treating purity codes as object lessons or illustrations of beliefs. Several explanatory models are frequently used for claims at levels to which they do not belong. Special critique is directed against the misuse of functionalist, structuralist, and symbolic models beyond their validity at a certain level of reception, for arguing or implying more than they can actually accommodate. The usefulness and integration of biopsychological and cognitive linguistic models for solving certain key questions without imposing ideological superstructures is argued.
Enoch’s Imaginary Ancestor
Authors: Sanders Seth L.
Published: October 2020

This paper examines a foundational tradition of Second Temple scholarship: that the figure of Enoch was inspired by the mythical Babylonian diviner-king Enmeduranki because both revealers were the seventh of ten figures before the flood. It finds that no preserved pre-Christian texts present Enmeduranki this way, and no evidence that anybody in the ancient world believed in this connection. Astonishingly, this theory – dating from 1903, it is literally the first Babylonian-Second Temple connection ever made – has survived repeated disconfirmation and been repeated uncritically for 115 years. Why did nobody critically reexamine the data for over a century? Scholarship on this topic has key features that modern scholars themselves associate with folklore: the handing down of a chain of unchallenged authoritative traditions to create a compelling narrative of the past. It is part of a larger way that the story of Judaism has been told as one of nativization. These studies in continuity provide internalist narratives that present what could be seen as sharp Jewish departures from prior Hebrew traditions as instead part of an inclusive patrimony, a reworking of a shared past. In this view, patterns shared with other cultures recede into matters of “influence” and “background” to Judaism, a creative reuse of an older and sometimes otiose culture to fertilize a new and changing one. In response, the paper concludes by looking to a better documented medium connecting Judean and Babylonian cultures, and a theoretical model that goes beyond borrowing and influence. Rather than an obscure borrowed “tradition,” the heavenly sage was a shared piece of Aramaicbased high culture common to Judean and Mesopotamian scholars. The figure exemplified a type of scribal thought in which the mastery of language meant mastery of a linguistically structured universe.
Contact Without Borrowing
Authors: Yadin-Israel Azzan
Published: October 2020

The field of contact linguistics has produced valuable insights into the ways languages behave in contact environments, and the present essay represents an attempt to adapt a number of these insights to the study of cultural contact more broadly. The historical phenomenon under discussion is a theological strand shared by rabbinic and late antique Platonist sources, namely, the attempt to formulate a theory of sacrifice that does not entail an anthropomorphic conception of (the highest) God. After adducing some of the key sources that represent this attempt in the respective traditions, the essay examines how best to conceptualize such similarity, absent shared terminology, explicit cross-tradition citations or references, or any other traditional markers of “influence.” Here I employ the contact-linguistic category of areal diffusion, that describes the tendency of languages in contact over time to gradually adopt common features, even though it is not possible to determine which language “borrowed” from the other. Taking the theological critique of sacrifice as the cultural analogue to a linguistic feature, it is possible to see how the feature is evident in certain streams within rabbinic Judaism, platonic Paganism, and early Christianity. The essay then turns to examine some of the ramifications of a contact-linguistic approach and, drawing on the work of Salikoko Mufwene, puts forth two arguments: that the distinction between internally- and externally-induced change is both theoretically and analytically inadequate; and the need to examine cultural continuity no less than cultural change as the result of contact dynamics.
Rethinking Babylonian Rabbinic Acculturation in the Sasanian Empire
Authors: Gross Simcha
Published: October 2020

The study of the Babylonian rabbis in their Persian context(s) has largely adopted a binary paradigm whereby certain rabbis, usually associated with specific regions, are characterized as adopting a strategy of either accommodation or resistance to Persian language and culture. A central piece in the discussion of rabbinic attitudes to Persian culture has been the question of Babylonian rabbinic use – or lack thereof – of Persian language, often cited as a sign for the disconnect between, perhaps even the intentional distancing of, the Babylonian rabbis and Persian culture more generally. Taking the locus classicus of this scholarly discussion, a story in b. Qiddushin 70a–b, as its starting point, this article proposes that both the dichotomy between accommodating and resisting rabbis, and the larger claims about Babylonian rabbinic (lack of) knowledge of Persian language, do not aptly capture the dynamic between the Babylonian rabbis and their environment. Instead, the article reveals the strength of approaches that seek to situate competing rabbinic views as part of broader social dynamics and tensions among Babylonian Jews of different status generated by Sasanian values, norms, and hierarchies, which are paralleled among other similar situated groups living in the Sasanian Empire, such as Syriac Christians. In the process, the article illuminates the rich elite Sasanian cultural scripts lying behind the oft-studied story in b. Qiddushin 70a–b, and the value of certain Sasanian sources to better understand Babylonian rabbinic stories and dynamics.
Mapping Jewishness in Antiquity
Authors: Van Maaren John
Published: October 2020

This article introduces a recent contribution to the study of ethnicity from the social sciences that provides needed systemization to the study of Jewishness in antiquity. Current scholarship on Jewishness has no instrument by which to relate the construction of Jewish identity to macro-level societal changes. The current model, based on extensive empirical data, explains changes in the form and function of ethnicity by a cyclical model that links macro-level characteristics of the social field with individual agency in ethnic construction to produce the first comparative analytic of “how and why ethnicity matters in certain society and contexts.” The introduction presented here illustrates the various components of the model with examples from Jewish history and texts and suggests how this model might be used to better understand dynamics of identity construction and change among Jews in antiquity.
Critical Issues in Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Judaism
Authors: Elledge C. D.
Published: October 2020

Studies of the afterlife in ancient Judaism have often charted the historical emergence and development of beliefs, like resurrection, that would ultimately become normative within Western religions. Yet recent studies have focused more intently on specific aspects of ancient literary evidence, including apocalypses, sapiential texts, Philo, Josephus, and select Dead Sea Scrolls. Social-scientific analysis has also brought clearer insights into the interactive roles that attitudes toward death may play in shaping behavior, community continuity, political resistance, and self-definition. The present article surveys these developments, highlighting the conceptual diversity of attitudes toward death and the varied social roles that they played within their ancient Jewish contexts. The conceptual variety and social adaptability of afterlife beliefs to varying sectors of Judaism offer a revealing window into the process of theodicy-creation and legitimation in ancient Judaism.
Additions to the flora of algae (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae) of Sebezhsky National Park (Pskov Region, Russia)
Authors: Luknitskaya A. F.
Published: October 2020

120 species and varieties from 21 genera of Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae were found in the “Sebezhsky” National Park (Pskov Region, Russia) in 2005–2007. Leading genera are Cosmarium (34 species), Staurastrum (19 species) and Closterium (14 species).
From Inception of Herbal Medicine to an Ideal Perception of Therapeutic Agent: Rhododendron as a Therapeutic Agent – A Review
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Debraj
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women all over the world. Despite advanced treatment modalities, the systemic toxicity remains a major side effect resulting into patient morbidity and mortality despite many technological breakthroughs, even the best breast cancer treatments available today are not 100% effective. Chemotherapy has improved, but many drugs still do not reach the tumor site at effective doses and are often associated with high systemic toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics. Moreover, for many malignancies, diagnosis is obtainable only in metastatic stages of development, reducing the overall effectiveness of treatment. The choice of available treatments depends on tumor characteristics such as biomarkers, tumor size, metastatic disease, ligands, and antigen or endocrine receptor expression. Combined with surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation remain the first line of treatment for patients with cancer. Even with these treatments, however, cancer continues to have high fatality rates and current therapeutic modalities have yet to significantly improve the often dismal prognosis of this disease. Nanotechnology is a highly focused approach, which may provide more effective and less toxic treatment when compared to chemotherapy. The Nanoparticles (NP) plays a vital role and it can conjugate with various drugs by different methods to deliver drugs to the target site. The NP surface is designed with ligands to get affinity towards specific cells and co-polymers to get protection from immune cells. The nanoparticles conjugated drug can ultimately recognize the site and join to the target and enter to the cell by receptor mediated endocytosis. Then NPs are able to release drugs controllably to cure diseases. Rhododendron is one of the naturally occurring plants which possess various health benefits, such as prevention and treatment of diseases associated with heart, dysentery, diarrhea, detoxification, inflammation, fever, constipation, bronchitis, asthma and cancer.
Mekanisasi Pertanian dan Nasib Buruh Tani Perempuan
Authors: Kurniawan Fuat Edi
Published: October 2020

Fenomena mekanisasi pertanian yang semakin pesat melalui alih teknologi pengolahan lahan pertanian dengan menggunakan alat dan mesin pertanian memunculkan paradoks. Kemunculan alat mesin pertanian telah menggusur buruh perempuan keluar dari pekerjaan pengolahan lahan pertanian. Teknologi mekanis ini syarat akan maskulinitas dimana laki-laki masih mendominasi dalam penguasaan teknologi. Buruh tani perempuan yang tadinya memiliki peranan dalam penanaman telah tergantikan oleh mesin. Terlebih para petani pemilik lahan lebih memilih efisiensi menggunakan alat-alat tersebut dari pada menggunakan tenaga manual buruh tani perempuan. Ketidaksetaraan atas penguasaan alat ini bukan semata karena adanya laki-laki. Namun justru teknologi yang diciptakan tidaklah ramah gender, sehingga penguasaan atas teknologi tersebut didominasi oleh laki-laki. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi masalah baru, dimana buruh perempuan semakin termarginalkan dan tertindas.
laporan mengajar mengaji
Authors: Haspira
Published: October 2020

Pada hari jumat tanggal 18 September 2020, kegiatan mengajar TKA/TPA yang masuk di program kerja kami mulai berjalan, ini adalah petemuan pertama dengan Adik-adik santri yang ada di Dusun bo’nia, sebelum kami mulai mengajari anak-anak santri yang hadir di tempat itu kami memperkenalkan diri terlebih dahulu, anak-anak sangat antusias dan merasa senang dapat di ajar oleh kami tak terkecuali dengan pak Ustandz yang merasa senang dengan kehadiran kami. saya mengajar anak-anak iqra mulai dari iqra 1,2 dan ada juga yang sudah iqra 4.
The Emotional Recall Task: Juxtaposing Recall and Recognition-Based Affect Scales
Authors: Li Ying , Masitah Annasya , Hills Thomas
Published: October 2020

Existing affect scales typically involve recognition of emotions from a predetermined emotion checklist. However, a recognition-based checklist may fail to capture sufficient breadth and specificity of an individual’s recalled emotional experiences and may therefore miss emotions that frequently come to mind. More generally, how do recalled emotions differ from recognized emotions? To address these issues, we present and evaluate an affect scale based on recalled emotions. Participants are asked to produce 10 words that best described their emotions over the past month and then to rate each emotion for how often it was experienced. We show that average weighted valence of the words produced in this task, the Emotional Recall Task (ERT), is strongly correlated with scales related to general affect, such as the PANAS, Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, and a few other related scales. We further show that the Emotional Recall Task captures a breadth and specificity of emotions not available in other scales but that are nonetheless commonly reported as experienced emotions. We test a general version of the ERT (the ERT general) that is language neutral and can be used across cultures. Finally, we show that the ERT is valid in a test-retest paradigm. In sum, the ERT measures affect based on emotion terms relevant to an individual’s idiosyncratic experience. It is consistent with recognition-based scales, but also offers a new direction towards enriching our understanding of individual differences in recalled and recognized emotions.
UU Cipta Kerja, Neoliberalisme, dan Deregulasi
Authors: Kurniawan Fuat Edi
Published: October 2020

Undang-Undang Omnibus Law atau Cipta Kerja yang baru saja disahkan akan mengatur banyak kluster di berbagai sektor. Sebuah payung hukum yang di-setting untuk mengambil segala peran dalam berbagai sektor, padahal tidak sesuai landasan dalam konstitusi Indonesia yang menganut hukum perdata. Keputusan pengesahan UU ini menjadi persoalan deregulasi, ideologi hegemonik yang mencakup banyak sektor, dan bukan sekadar kebijakan namun telah menjadi alat pemersatu bagi kelas oligarki yang berkuasa di Indonesia.
Kedaulatan Pangan dan Paradoks Pembangunan Pertanian
Authors: Kurniawan Fuat Edi
Published: October 2020

Hal yang paling mendasar dalam kedaulatan pangan tentu saja permasalahan petani. Pangan tidak hanya soal peningkatan produksi. Program dan kebijakan kedaulatan pangan masih menjadikan petani dan buruh tani hanya sebagai objek yang justru meminggirkannya. Dalam produksi pangan, mensyaratkan adanya demokrasi ekonomi, yang berarti bahwa hak kaum tani untuk membuat keputusan dan mencari nafkah harus ditegakkan, sementara elite dan korporasi masih mendominasi pasar pangan. Persoalan petani dan pangan tidak akan pernah usai apabila permainan harga komoditas pangan hasil pertanian yang dilakukan korporasi masih terus terjadi. Saat ini, sistem pangan dan pertanian global berada di bawah monopoli dan kekuasaan perusahaan raksasa yang berada di balik upaya "barbar" memaksakan kebijakan ekonomi neoliberal dan perdagangan bebas.
Alpha entrainment drives pain relief using visual stimulation in a sample of chronic pain patients. A proof-of-concept controlled study.
Authors: Lopez-Diaz Karen , Henshaw James , Casson Alex , Brown Christopher , Taylor Jason R. , Trujillo-Barreto Nelson , Arendsen Laura J. , Jones Anthony K. P. , Sivan Manoj
Published: October 2020

One-third of the population in the UK and worldwide struggle with chronic pain. Entraining brain alpha activity through non-invasive visual stimulation has been shown to reduce experimental pain in healthy volunteers. Neural oscillations entrainment offers a potential non-invasive and non-pharmacological intervention for patients with chronic pain, which can be delivered in the home setting and has the potential to reduce use of medications. However, evidence supporting its use in patients with chronic pain is lacking. This study explores whether a) alpha entrainment increase alpha power in patients and b) whether this increase in alpha correlates with analgesia.28 patients with chronic pain sat in a comfortable position and underwent 4-minute visual stimulation using customised goggles at 10 Hz (alpha) and 7 Hz (control) frequency blocks in a randomised cross-over design. 64-channel Electroencephalography (EEG) and 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain intensity and pain unpleasantness scores were recorded before and after stimulation.EEG analysis revealed frontal alpha power was significantly higher when stimulating at 10 Hz when compared to 7 Hz. There was a significant positive correlation between increased frontal alpha and reduction in pain intensity (r=0.33, p<0.05) and pain unpleasantness (r=0.40, p<0.05) in the 10 Hz block.This study provides the first proof of concept that changes in alpha power resulting from entrainment correlate with an analgesic response in patients with chronic pain. Further studies are warranted to investigate dose-response parameters and equivalence to analgesia provided by medications.
Drinking Motives, Cultural Orientations, and Alcohol Use among Hispanic College Students at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Lui P. Priscilla , Zamboanga Byron L. , Ertl Melissa M. , Rodriguez Lindsey , Martin Jessica L. , Gonzales Rubi
Published: October 2020

Hispanic college students at the U.S.-Mexico border are at higher risk for alcohol use and negative drinking consequences, relative to their counterparts in non-border areas. Hispanic students at the U.S.-Mexico border (N=219, Mage =20.14; 71.2% women) completed an online survey. U.S. orientation was negatively associated with alcohol consumption. Enhancement motives predicted alcohol consumption, whereas coping and conformity motives predicted negative drinking-related consequences. Cultural orientations did not moderate the relations between social motives and alcohol use outcomes. Results highlight the need to consider alcohol-related cognition and to better contextualize U.S. and heritage cultural orientations among Hispanics in the U.S.-Mexico areas.
Gender fluidity as affordance negotiation
Authors: Albarracin Mahault , Poirier Pierre
Published: October 2020

Gender is often viewed as static binary state for people to embody, based on the sex they were assigned at birth. However, cultural studies increasingly understand gender as neither binary nor static, a view supported both in psychology and sociology. On this view, gender is negotiated between individuals, and highly dependent on context. Specifically, individuals are thought to be offered culturally gendered social scripts that allow them and their interlocutors the ability to predict future actions, and to understand the scene being set, establishing roles and expectations. We propose to understand scripts in the framework of enactive-ecological predictivism, which integrates aspects of ecological enactivism, notably the importance of dynamical sensorimotor interaction with an environment conceived as a field of affordances, and predictive processing, which views the brain as a predictive engine that builds its probabilistic models in an effort to reduce prediction error. Under this view, script-based negotiation can be linked to the enactive neuroscience concept of a cultural niche, as a landscape of cultural affordances. Affordances are possibilities for action that constrain what actions are pre-reflectively felt possible based on biological, experiential and cultural multisensorial cues. With the shifting landscapes of cultural affordances brought about by a number of recent social, technological and epistemic developments, the gender scripts offered to individuals are less culturally rigid, which translates in an increase in the variety of affordance fields each individual can negotiate. This entails that any individual has an increased possibility for gender fluidity, as shown by the increasing number of people currently identifying outside the binary.
Obstacles to Women’s Higher Education in Nepal: A Critical Review of Policies and Practices
Authors: Bhandari Ganga Laxmi
Published: October 2020

This article critically reviews the theoretical and practical issues posing barrier to women for pursuing higher education and reaching professionally leading position in the Nepalese education sector. This article is based on the secondary resources such as cases and materials available in the public domain, and writer’s own experiences. The study concludes that Nepali women are facing numerous obstacles in all sectors, from household to public institution as well as in the education sector. However, the nature and intensity of obstacles differ among certain ethnic groups.
The Structure and Nature of Political Philosophy in the Thought of Muslim Philosophers of the Islamic Period of Iran
Authors: Barkhordari Aref
Published: October 2020

The present paper with a focus on the analytic-historical method and the study of the works of Iran’s Muslim philosophers in the Islamic periods is an explanation of the structure and nature of the political philosophy of Muslim philosophers in the Iran Islamic period. Political philosophy in the Islamic period of Iran is divided into two middle and new periods. The middle period starts from the arrival of Islam in Iran, and continues until the arrival of modern thought to Iran, i.e. the Constitutional Revolution. In this period, political philosophy has a tendency toward unity with religion and the rules of production of thought and political philosophy have been based on the domination of religious texts and the function of reason is simply summarized in the unambiguous explanation of the opinions of the ancients. The works of philosophers in this period are limited to the writings of the past, and gradually the tradition of margin writing becomes common. Typically, in this period, political philosophy becomes the guidance writing, diplomacy writing, tradition writing and at the same time adopts an authoritative commentary. In the new period of political philosophy, following the first period, it seeks to revive traditional concepts, and intellect and thought are seeking to be interpreted, with the difference that authoritarianism disappears. In other words, in the second period, in both fields of political philosophy and authoritarianism, we face a kind of void.

Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 256-265
Nowe typy tzw. przestępstw fakturowych w Kodeksie karnym – powrót do szczególnej prawnokarnej ochrony „mienia społecznego”?
Authors: Fic Rafał
Published: October 2020

The paper makes a distinction between criminal law protection of collective property and that of individual property. It discusses both the amendments of the Polish Criminal Code made on 10 February 2017 and arguments for their introduction. In conclusion, the paper points to some similarities between more severe criminal liability for crimes against collective property under the communist regime and stricter criminal liability for invoice frauds.