bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Mirror Mode Waves at Mars: Results from MAVEN
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Volwerk Martin , Mazelle Christian , Möstl Christian , Rojas-Castillo Diana , Espley Jared , Halekas Jasper
Published: October 2020

Mirror mode (MM) structures have been evidenced everywhere in solar system plasmas, from the solar wind to Earth, Mars and Venus, as well as comets. MM waves are low-frequency long-wavelength transverse waves, usually linearly polarised and non-propagating in the plasma rest frame. In the data they commonly appear as sudden dips or peaks in the magnetic field intensity, anti-correlated with plasma density variations. They grow in a high-β plasma from an ion temperature anisotropy itself triggered by any asymmetry upstream in the solar wind flow, or typically as a result of the crossing of a quasi-perpendicular bow shock.We present here statistical maps of MM waves detected by magnetic-field-only measurements as observed by the NASA/MAVEN spacecraft and its fluxgate magnetometer MAG. Candidate detections are validated against high-cadence plasma moments given by the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) to yield the best set of B-field-only criteria. We examine the dependence of these MM structures on Martian Year (MY, see figure), season (solar longitude Ls) and solar activity (EUV flux). They appear to be bound by the bow shock on one side and by the magnetic pile-up boundary on the other. Occurrence probability is less than 6% on average at any time. Distribution qualitatively agrees with previous studies with a smaller data subset.The figure shows B-field-only candidate detections for MM waves at Mars, MY32 to MY35 (with ΔB/B ≥ 0.25, and the angles to the minimum/maximum variance direction ΦminV ≥ 80° and ΘmaxV ≤ 20°).
The first step from molecules to life: Formation of large random molecules acting as micro-environments
Authors: Mitra Saibal
Published: October 2020

The mathematician John von Neumann, through his work on universal constructors, discovereda generalized version of the central dogma of molecular biology biology in the 1940s, long  before the biological version had been discovered. While his discovery played no role in the  development of molecular biology, we may benefit from a similar mathematical approach to find  clues on the origin of life. This then involves addressing those problems in the field that  do not depend on the details of organic chemistry. We can then consider a general set of  models that describe machines capable of self-maintenance and self-replication formulated in  terms of a set of building blocks and their interactions. The analogue of the origin of life problem is then to explain how one can get to such  machines starting from a set of only building blocks. A fundamental obstacle one then faces  is the limit on the complexity of low fidelity replicating systems, preventing building  blocks from getting assembled randomly into low fidelity machines which can then improve due  to natural selection [1]. A generic way out of this problem is for the entire ecosystem of  machines to have been encapsulated in a micro-structure with fixed inner surface features  that would have boosted the fidelity [2]. Such micro-structures could have formed as a result  of the random assembly of building blocks, leading to so-called percolation clusters [2].This then leads us to consider how in the real world a percolation process involving the  random assembly of organic molecules can be realized. A well studied process in the  literature is the assembly of organic compounds in ice grains due to UV radiation and heating  events [3,4,5]. This same process will also lead to the percolation process if it proceeds  for a sufficiently long period [2].In this talk I will discuss the percolation process in more detail than has been done in [2],  explaining how it leads to the necessary symmetry breakings such as the origin of chiral  molecules needed to explain the origin of life.    [1] Eigen, M., 1971. Self-organization of matter and the evolution of biological  macromolecules. Naturwissenschaften 58, 465-523.[2] Mitra, S., 2019. Percolation clusters of organics in interstellar ice grains as the  incubators of life, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 149, 33-38.[3] Ciesla, F., and Sandford.,S., 2012. Organic Synthesis via Irradiation and Warming of Ice  Grains in the Solar Nebula. Science 336, 452-454.[4] Muñoz Caro, G., et al., 2002. Amino acids from ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice  analogues. Nature 416, 403-406.[5]  Meinert, C,., et al., 2016. Ribose and related sugars from ultraviolet irradiation of  interstellar ice analogs. Science 352, 208-212.
Photometry of super fast rotating, near-Earth asteroid 2015 KW12
Authors: Koleńczuk Paweł , Kwiatkowski Tomasz , Kamiński Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

. IntroductionStudying Very Small Asteroids (VSAs, effective diameter
A dense monitoring of 2I/Borisov activity with TRAPPIST telescopes
Authors: Jehin Emmanuel , Moulane Youssef , Pozuelos Francisco , Manfroid Jean , Benkhaldoun Zouhair
Published: October 2020

We report on the regular observation with broad band and cometary narrow band filters of the first interstellar active comet, 2I/Borisov, with both TRAPPIST-South and -North telescopes (TS and TN) [1]. We followed 2I activity since its discovery on September 11, 2019 (rh=2.8 au inbound) until the beginning of March 2020 when it was 2.9 au outbound and TS operations had to stop because of Covid-19 and la Silla Observatory closure. The comet activity reached a maximum on November 29, 2019 (rh=2.01au), 10 days before perihelion with an apparent magnitude of 16.50±0.04 measured within an aperture radius of 5 arcsec in R filter, an A(0)fp(R) dust proxy = 135±7 cm and a Q(CN)=(4.5±0.7) 1024 molecules/s (using a Haser model and vp=vd=1km/s [2]). Unlike the first interstellar object, 1I/Oumuamua, discovered in 2017 [3,4], 2I was showing an extended coma surrounding its nucleus and a short tail. We first detected CN in 2I with TN on October 18 when the comet was 2.65 au from the Sun while we never detected C2. We were able to follow the CN activity of 2I for more than 3 months.Figure 1: Light curve (R mag) and A(0)fp dust proxy of 2I/Borisov as a function of days to perihelion. The A(0)fp values are computed at 10 000 km from the nucleus and normalized to phase angle of 0°.References:[1] Jehin, E., Gillon, M., Queloz, D., et al. 2011, The Messenger, 145, 2[2] Haser, 1957, Bulletin de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, vol. 43, p. 740-750[3] Meech, K. J., Weryk, R., Micheli, M., et al. 2017, Nature, 552, 378[4] Micheli, M., Farnocchia, D., Meech, K. J., et al. 2018, Nature, 559, 223 
The Galactic cosmic ray intensity at the evolving Earth and young exoplanets
Authors: Rodgers-Lee Donna , Vidotto Aline , Taylor Andrew , Rimmer Paul , Downes Turlough
Published: October 2020

Cosmic rays may have contributed to the start of life on Earth. Cosmic rays also influence and contribute to atmospheric electrical circuits, cloud cover and biological mutation rates which are important for the characterisation of exoplanetary systems. The flux of Galactic cosmic rays present at the time when life is thought to have begun on the young Earth or in other young exoplanetary systems is largely determined by the properties of the stellar wind. The spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays that we observe at Earth is modulated, or suppressed, by the magnetised solar wind and thus differs from the local interstellar spectrum observed by Voyager 1 and 2 outside of the solar system. Upon reaching 1au, Galactic cosmic rays subsequently interact with the Earth’s magnetosphere and some of their energy is deposited in the upper atmosphere. The properties of the solar wind, such as the magnetic field strength and velocity profile, evolve with time. Generally, young solar-type stars are very magnetically active and are therefore thought to drive stronger stellar winds. Here I will present our recent results which simulate the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays through the heliosphere to the location of Earth as a function of the Sun's life, from 600 Myr to 6 Gyr, in the Sun’s future. I will specifically focus on the flux of Galactic cosmic rays present at the time when life is thought to have started on Earth (~1 Gyr). I will show that the intensity of Galactic cosmic rays which reached the young Earth, by interacting with the solar wind, would have been greatly reduced in comparison to the present day intensity. I will also discuss the effect that the Sun being a slow/fast rotator would have had on the flux of cosmic rays reaching Earth at early times in the solar system's life.Despite the importance of Galactic cosmic rays, their chemical signature in the atmospheres’ of young Earth-like exoplanets may not be observable with instruments in the near future. On the other hand, it may instead be possible to detect their chemical signature by observing young warm Jupiters. Thus, I will also discuss the HR 2562b exoplanetary system as a candidate for observing the chemical signature of Galactic cosmic rays in a young exoplanetary atmosphere with upcoming missions such as JWST.
4-years lightning hunt in Venus
Authors: Takahashi Yukihiro , Imai Masataka , Sato Mitsuteru , Oono Tastuaki
Published: October 2020

  For more than 3 decades the existence of lightning discharge in Venus has been controversial, which might be caused by insufficient observational methods optimized for such purpose. There had been no satellite payload intentionally designed for the detection of lightning phenomena using radio waves or optical sensors. LAC, lightning and airglow camera, onboard Akatsuki spacecraft developed by Hokkaido University together with JAXA, is the first sensor made for the lightning optical flash detection in planets other than the Earth. A unique performance of LAC compared to other equipment used in the previous exploration of Venus is the high-speed sampling rate at 20 kHz with 32 pixels of Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) matrix, enabling us to distinguish the natural optical lightning flash from other pulsing noises, including artificial electrical noise and cosmic rays. We selected OI 777 nm line for lightning detection, which is expected to be the most prominent emission in the CO2-dominant atmosphere based on the laboratory discharge experiments carried out by some researchers. We have been conducting lightning hunt since October 2016 with LAC onboard Akatsuki, selecting triggering parameter sets optimized for the light curve similar to the normal lightning and also for sprite type in the Earth, which has a slower variation of optical intensity. The total coverage of the LAC lightning hunt became approximately 100 [million km2-hr], meaning 86 percent detectability of previous results with a ground-based telescope by Hansell et al. (1995).  Here we report the update of the detailed examination of recorded data by LAC for these almost 4 years and discuss their possible interpretation, considering all kinds of candidates of optical and other sources. Also, the future observation strategy including ground observation with a high-speed photometer installed at the ground telescope and radio observation will be introduced.
Planetary Mass and Metallicity Derived Directly from Transmission Spectroscopy
Authors: Mohanty Subhanjoy , Owen James
Published: October 2020

The mass of an exoplanet is its most fundamental property. Currently, masses are typically determined via the radial velocity (RV) technique (since the transit-timing variation method requires special planetary systems); unfortunately, sufficiently precise RVs cannot be acquired for a significant fraction of planet-hosting stars. Transmission spectroscopy has also been proposed as a way to derive masses for transiting planets, by combining the radius inferred from transits with the surface gravity derived from the Rayleigh scattering slope in the spectrum. However, this only works for planets with known atmospheric metallicity (e.g., solar), since the Rayleigh slope has a gravity-metallicity degeneracy.  Using a simple analytical model, we show here that: (1) this degeneracy can be broken for H/He-dominated atmospheres, and thus mass and metallicity derived independently from transmission spectra, by simultaneous consideration of the Rayleigh scattering slope and the pressure-broadened Sodium line profile; and (2) with ground-based high-resolution spectra (e.g., from VLT-FORS2) of currently achieved S/N, the derived masses are sufficiently accurate to distinguish between gas giants and sub-Neptunes (which is vital for constraining planet formation and evolution theories).  We validate these statements by comparing our models to: (a) the observed spectrum of the transiting gas giant WASP 96b (MP ~ 144 MEarth  from RV, RP ~ 1.2 RJup), and (b) a model spectrum of the transiting young sub-Neptune V1298 Tau c (MP < 28 MEarth from dynamics, RP ~ 0.5 RJup). In both cases we recover the known (or dynamically constrained) mass, and do so precisely enough to clearly distinguish between the two (despite their similar radii).  Finally, the Potassium feature is substantially weaker than the Sodium one in the observed spectra of a number of close-in planets (e.g., WASP 96b); this has previously been ascribed to anomalously low Potassium abundance. Instead, our models show that (3) this asymmetry between Potassium and Sodium is a natural consequence of the vertical temperature profile that results if heat is redistributed between the day and night sides of tidally-locked planets (as expected due to, e.g., winds). Thus, weak Potassium can be used as a signature of such redistribution.
Predicting the Solar System small bodies harvest of the BlackGEM Telescope Array
Authors: Frantseva Kateryna , Verdoes Kleijn Gijs A. , Postema Jasper
Published: October 2020

*on behalf of the BlackGEM consortium

BlackGEM is a Dutch-led wide-field optical telescope array dedicated to measure the optical emission from pairs of merging neutron stars and black holes. The array will start with three identical telescopes of 65 cm diameter, located at ESO La Silla, Chile. Each telescope is equipped with a 110 Mpix camera, consisting of a single 10.5k x 10.5k CCD, and covering 2.7 square degrees in one go, at 0.56 "/pix. The telescopes can work together as a single 3.6-meter telescope or look at different parts of the sky. The BlackGEM will perform four different science surveys and the BlackGEM Trigger Mode.

The goal of our project is to estimate the potential of the BlackGEM telescope array for detecting various populations of the known Solar System small bodies, as well as for discovering the new ones. We create a software that simulates the BlackGEM surveys, determines the observability of the known Solar System small bodies, and determines the detectability of undiscovered objects with the BlackGEM array telescopes.
Unveiling the Planet Population at Birth
Authors: Rogers James , Owen James
Published: October 2020

Recent Kepler data has shown that the radius distribution of small, close-in exoplanets is bimodal. Such bimodality was expected from photoevaporation models of close-in super-Earths, where some planets are stripped of their primordial H/He atmospheres, whilst others retain them. We present a hierarchical inference model on the distribution of Kepler planets using the photoevaporation evolution model. This approach is used to place key constraints on the planetary distributions for core composition, core mass and initial envelope mass-fraction, as well as test other models of planet evolution such as core-powered mass-loss. This new information has interesting implications on planet formation models and also hints at additional atmopsheric mass-loss mechanisms.
ERE from Graphene Oxide in the ISM. A possible link to IOM?
Authors: Sarre Peter
Published: October 2020

Dust particles play a major role in the formation, evolution and chemistry of interstellar clouds, stars, and planetary systems. Commonly identified forms include amorphous and crystalline carbon-rich particles and silicates. Also present in many astrophysical environments are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), detected through their infrared emission, and which are essentially small flakes of graphene. Astronomical observations over the past four decades have revealed a widespread unassigned ‘extended red emission’ (ERE) feature which is attributed to luminescence of dust grains. A luminescence feature with similar characteristics to ERE has been found in organic material in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous chondrites.  There is a strong similarity between laboratory optical emission spectra of graphene oxide (GO) and ERE, leading to this proposal that emission from GO nanoparticles is the origin of ERE and that heteroatom-containing PAH structures are a significant component of interstellar dust. The proposal is supported by infrared emission features detected by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and the Spitzer Space Telescope.  Insoluble Organic Material (IOM) has a chemical structure with some similarities to graphene oxide.  It is suggested this may contribute to the discussion as to whether IOM has an origin in the interstellar medium or the solar nebula, or some combination.
Local water-rich areas on Mars found by the FREND neutron telescope onboard ExoMars TGO
Authors: Malakhov Alexey , Mitrofanov Igor , Litvak Maxim , Sanin Anton , Golovin Dmitry , Anikin Artem , Djachkova Maya , Lisov Denis , Lukyanov Nikita , Nikiforov Sergey
Published: October 2020

Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutron Detector (FREND) is an instrument onboard ExoMars' Trace Gas Orbiter. Its measurements of epithermal neutron flux on orbit provide data on hydrogen (and thus, water) content in the 1-m thick near-surface regolith layer. Similar experiments have been performed before, neutron sounding is a well-established technique for estimating water content in the celesital body's soil. FREND's chatacteristic feature is its collimator - a massive body surrounding detectors and narrowing their field of view substantially, thus providing for very high spatial resolution, around 60 to 200 km, depending on measurement conditions. Such spatial resolution allows identifying local water-rich features with relief and other geomorphological features, assess water content in small ellipses of future landing sites.In this study we present latest findings based on FREND data, containing a number of surprisingly "wet" local features in the equatorial band. Water or water ice is not stable at the surface of Mars, in the equatorial regions especially, that is why locating areas with enhanced subsurface hydrogen or water is of much interest both to scientists and for the purpose of planning future exploration missions. 
Outburst and Splitting of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold , Agarwal Jessica , Hui Man-To
Published: October 2020

We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of a photometric outburst and splitting event in interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.   The outburst, first reported with the comet outbound at 2.8 AU (Drahus et al.~2020), was caused by the expulsion of solid particles having a combined cross-section about 100 sq. km and a mass in 0.1 mm sized particles  2e7 kg.  The latter corresponds to 1e-4 of the mass of the nucleus, taken as a sphere of radius 500 m.  A transient  double nucleus was observed on UT 2020 March 30 (about three weeks after the outburst), having a cross-section 0.6 sq. km and corresponding dust mass 1e5 kg.  The secondary was absent in images taken on and before March 28, and in images taken on and after April 03.  The unexpectedly delayed appearance and rapid disappearance of the secondary are consistent with an origin through rotational bursting of one or more large (meter-sized) boulders under the action of outgassing torques, following their ejection from the main nucleus.  Overall, our observations  reveal that the outburst and splitting of the nucleus are minor events involving a negligible fraction of the total mass: 2I/Borisov will survive its passage through the planetary region largely unscathed.Journal: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 896, Issue 2, id.L39 
Inflatable Lunar Habitat
Authors: Dimova Lyubov , Encheva Kamelia
Published: October 2020

The project “Inflatable Lunar Habitat” is develop by a group of students, master's degree in architecture, from Germany and is a part of this year's edition of IGLUNA, supported by Swiss Space Center.The idea of ​​the project is to be created an easily portable laboratory for conducting scientific experiments in extreme weather conditions, here on Earth. But at the same time, the project is designed so that in the future this type of construction will be used to be build a habitat villige located in lava tubes on the moon or even on Mars.The habitat is designed as an inflatable structure with an aerodynamic shape that is easy and fast to transport, carry out an assembly, it is also designed to be on a temporary basis and generate the least possible impact on the environment at the time of the investigation. For being inflatable is more vulnerable from the outside and the inside as well, because of that it is necessary to ensure the habitat subsystems such as the skin development and connections, the floor connections, the airlock and the climate control.The structure is arranged of several different in type and function layers. Starting from inside with inflatable transparent skin of ETFE-foil, serving to provide a safe and sterile place for the experiments, followed by a support system of two layers of  crossing inflatable tubes,  and ending with another layer of ETFE- foil serving to protect the support structure from external mechanical impacts. And at the top, the entire prototype is protected from wind, rain and sun by a final layer. The whole inflatable structure is firmly attached to a steel frame, which in turn is attached to the ground. Inside the steel frame is the floor, which is made of aluminum honeycomb panels, which provide the necessary stability, flat surface and protection against slipping.Due to the impossibility of the actual build of the prototype during this year's field campaign, due to the global pandemic, we included in the project and developed our vision for the lunar village, using as a modular unit for its design, the prototype of the  habitat constructed for the Earth.Although this year the project remained at the level of technical drawings and 3D computer model, next year with the help of our current sponsors and hopefully new ones, as well as with the support of the Swiss Space Center we expect to build a real prototype of inflatable lunar habitat and to test it on Mount Pilatus in Switzerland during the field campaign of IGLUNA 2021.
Observations of neutron radiation environment during Odyssey cruise to Mars
Authors: Litvak Maxim , Mitrofanov Igor , Sanin Anton , Bakhtin Boris , Zeitlin Cary
Published: October 2020

In April 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft with High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) onboard was launched to Mars. HEND/Odyssey was switched on measurement mode most of transit to Mars to monitor variations of spacecraft background and solar activity. Although HEND/Odyssey was originally designed to measure martian neutron albedo and to search for martian subsurface water/water ice, its measurements during cruise phase to Mars are applicable to evaluate spacecraft ambient radiation background. The biological impact of neutron component of this radiation background should be understood to take it into account in planning future manned missions to Mars.  We modeled spacecraft neutron spectral density and compare it with HEND measurements to estimate equivalent neutron dose rates during Odyssey cruise phase, which corresponds to the solar maxim period (23th solar cycle). It was found that Odyssey ambient neutron environment during May – September 2001 produces 6.3±1.0 mSv per day in energy range 0-15 MeV or about 23 mSv per day if extrapolated to 0-1000 MeV energy range for sun quiet intervals without Solar Particle Events (SPEs). The occurrence of SPEs may additionally increase the total neutron radiation dose accumulated for 6 months of Odyssey cruise phase up to 10%. We have also extrapolated HEND/Odyssey measurements to the different periods of solar cycle and found that during solar minimum (maximum of GCR flux) neutron equivalent rate during cruise to Mars could be as high as 40 mSv per day.  These values are in good agreement with results reported for a similar measurement made with an instrument aboard the Mars Science Laboratory during its cruise to Mars in 2011-2012.
A preliminary study of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere coupling key parameters at Jupiter Based on Juno multi-instrument data and modelling tools
Authors: Blanc Michel , Wang Yuxian , Andre Nicolas , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Louis Corentin , Marchaudon Aurelie , Gerard Jean-Claude , Bonfond Bertrand , Grodent Denis , Dinelli Bianca Maria , Adriani Alberto , Mura Alessandro , Mauk Barry , Clark George , Allegrini Frederic , Bolton Scott , Gladstone Randy , Connerney John , Kotsiaros Stavros , Kurth William
Published: October 2020

The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere is controlled by the complex interplay of the planet’s fast rotation, its solar-wind interaction and its main plasma source at the Io torus. Juno observations have amply demonstrated that the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (MIT) coupling processes and regimes which control this interplay are significantly different from their Earth and Saturn counterparts. At the ionospheric level, these MIT coupling processes can be characterized by a set of key parameters which include ionospheric electrodynamic parameters (conductances, currents and electric fields), exchanges of particles along field lines and auroral emissions. Knowledge of these key parameters in turn makes it possible to estimate the net deposition/extraction of momentum and energy into/out of the Jovian upper atmosphere. We will present a method combining Juno multi-instrument data (MAG, JADE, JEDI, UVS, JIRAM and WAVES), adequate modelling tools (the TRANSPLANET ionospheric dynamics model and a simplified set of ionospheric current closure equations) and the AMDA data handling tools to provide preliminary estimates of these key parameters and their variation along the ionospheric footprint of Juno’s magnetic field line and across the auroral ovals for three of the first perijoves of the mission. We will discuss how this synergistic use of data and models can also contribute to provide a better determination of poorly known parameters such as the vertical structure of the auroral and polar Jovian neutral atmosphere. 
"Barrel Instability" for Elongated Secondaries in Binary Asteroids
Authors: Cuk Matija , Jacobson Seth , Walsh Kevin
Published: October 2020

Most close-in planetary satellites are in synchronous rotation, which is usully the stable end-point of tidal despinning. Saturn's moon Hyperion is a notable exception by having a chaotic rotation. Hyperion's dynamical state is a consequence of its high eccentricity and its highly prolate shape (Wisdom et al. 1984). As many binary asteroids also have elongated secondaries, chaotic rotation is expected for moons in eccentric binaries (Cuk & Nesvorny 2010), and a minority of asteroidal secondaries may be in that state (Pravec et al. 2016). The question of the secondary's rotation is importrant for the action of the BYORP effect, which can quickly evolve orbits of synchrnous (but not non-synchronous) secondaries (Cuk & Burns 2005). Here we report preliminary numerical simulations which indicate that in binary systems with a large secondary and significant spin-orbit coupling a different kind of non-synchronous rotation may arise. In this "barrel instability" the secondary slowly rolls along its long axis, while the longest diameter is staying largelly aligned with the primary-secondary line. This behavior  may be more difficult to detect through lightcurves than a fully chaotic rotation, but would likewise shut down BYORP. Unlike fully chaotic rotation, barrel instability can happen even at low eccentricties. In our presentation we will discuss our theoretical results and their implications for the evolution of binary asteroids, such as the Didymos-Dimorphos pair.
Timely estimates of India's annual and monthly fossil CO2 emissions
Authors: Andrew Robbie M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. India is the world's third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide and is developing rapidly. While India has pledged an emissions-intensity reduction as
its contribution to the Paris Agreement, the country does not regularly report emissions statistics, making tracking progress difficult. Moreover,
all estimates of India's emissions in global datasets represent its financial year, which is not aligned to the calendar year used by almost all other
countries. Here I compile monthly energy and industrial activity data allowing for the estimation of India's CO2 emissions by month and
calendar year with a short lag. Emissions show clear seasonal patterns, and the series allows for the investigation of short-lived but highly
significant events, such as the near-record monsoon in 2019 and the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. Data are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894394 (Andrew, 2020a).
Modeling the integrated framework of complex water resources system considering economic development, ecological protection, and food production: A practical tool for water management
Authors: Tan Yaogeng , Dong Zengchuan , Guzman Sandra M. , Wang Xinkui , Yan Wei
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The rapid increase of population and urbanization is accelerating the consumption of the water resources that play an essential role in economic development, ecological protection, and food productivity (EEF). This study developed an integrated modeling framework to better identify the dynamic interaction, coevolution process, and feedback loops of the nexus across EEF systems by incorporating the multi-objective optimization and system dynamic (SD) models. The multi-objective model optimizes the water allocation decisions considering the adaptive status of both the whole system and each agent, while the SD model discloses the dynamics of the coevolution process and reciprocal feedback of the EEF system. The framework is applied to the Upper Reaches of Guijiang River Basin, China, in the context of interconnected systems considering the agents of economic development, ecological protection, and food productivity. Results show that the proposed framework enables the optimal water allocation decisions in each time step, and the SD model can adequately reveal the coevolution process and reciprocal feedback that differs in different stages in integrated, dynamic ways. The rapid economic growth intensifies the ecological awareness that cannot support such rapid development because of the conflict between environment and economic water uses. Once the economic growth rate decreased, water resources are able to support economic development because the ecological awareness is alleviated in this respect. The different water usages demonstrate the competitive mechanism, and the river ecological agent is the critical factor that affects the robustness of the model. The equal consideration of each water usage is the most beneficial to sustainable development. These results highlight the importance of water resources management considering multiple stakeholders and tradeoffs and give an insight into future dynamic changes of complex water systems.
Monetary Unions of Small Currencies and a Dominating Member: What Policies Work Best for Benefiting from CMA?
Authors: Wörgötter Andreas , Brixiova Zuzana
Published: October 2020

Successfully developing economies are, over the long term, usually characterized by a credible currency regime underpinning a stable financial system facilitating low-cost transactions, encouraging savings, and facilitating financing viable investment projects (Demirguc-Kunt and Levine 2008). An independent and effective central bank (CB), efficient supervision and regulatory capacity, and a complementary sustainable fiscal policy are necessary ingredients for the monetary system to perform its role. Although all this is a valid goal at all levels of development, sound macroeconomic framework conditions are particularly vital for small developing countries. Not only are they necessary for achieving macroeconomic stability, but they also support complementary, business-friendly, and rule-of-law–oriented institution building.
On Exchange Rate Policy Independence: Experiences from West Africa
Authors: Obikili Nonso
Published: October 2020

Monetary policy independence has been a key topic in the quest for a long-term sustainable macroeconomic environment. Much of this focus has been on independence with regard to interest rate setting, liquidity management, and price stability. In this article, I argue that in developing countries, especially in mono-export economies, exchange rate problems have the potential to be a source of macroeconomic instability, but exchange rate policy has not received the same protections from politics. I show that in a sample of countries in West Africa, exchange rate policy has remained firmly in the hands of government, with bouts of overvaluations common. I show that these periods of currency overvaluations are associated with slower growth. I argue that legislative limits on exchange rate overvaluations based on some objective measure might provide policy makers with the leeway to prevent suboptimal exchange policy driven by political sentiment.
O trabalho do enfermeiro no centro de material e esterilização: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leandro Cavalcante Francisco Marcelo , Moreira Barros Lívia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura científica, as atividades do enfermeiro que atua no centro de material e esterilização. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativada literatura, com busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO),PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os descritores utilizados foram esterilização/sterilization, competência profissional/professional competence e central supplyhospital associados às palavras-chave enfermeiro/nurse e central sterile supply. Encontraram-se 1.330 artigos, dos quais 11 foram selecionados para compor a amostra.Resultados: Evidenciaram-se pontos centrais referentes ao trabalho do enfermeiro, como gerenciamento do setor e desenvolvimento de atividades educativas, além dosdesafios enfrentados, como não reconhecimento e desvalorização, falta de preparo e de educação permanente, riscos ocupacionais, carga horária de trabalho excessiva, máremuneração e desgastes físico e mental. Conclusão: Foi possível contextualizar e compreender as atividades e os principais desafios delas decorrentes no desenvolvimentodo trabalho do enfermeiro no centro de material e esterilização, contribuindo, dessa forma, para a divulgação, o reconhecimento e a reflexão a respeito da referida temática.
Resíduos de serviços de saúde: perfil e análise de custos em um centro cirúrgico
Authors: Negrão Guassú Nogueira Danielly , Alves Santos Giovana , Maciel Cardelli Alexandrina Aparecida , Castilho Valeria
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil de geração e mensurar os custos dos materiais utilizados no gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde emum centro cirúrgico. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, na modalidade estudo de caso. O local foi oCentro Cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra estratificada foi de 1.120 cirurgias, e os resíduos foram pesados por82 dias. Resultados: Os resíduos do Centro Cirúrgico representaram 6,38% do total hospitalar. O grupo mais representativo foi A-infectantes (50,62%).A média de geração foi de 3,72 kg por cirurgia. A sala de operação foi o local que mais gerou resíduos (55,93%), e as cirurgias buco-maxilares as que maisgeraram resíduos, em termos de massa. O custo de um quilo foi: Grupo A (R$ 1,10), Grupo B (R$ 5,70), Grupo D Reciclado (R$ 0,96), Grupo D NãoReciclado (R$ 1,01) e Grupo E (R$ 3,23). Conclusão: O custo total médio por cirurgia foi de R$ 8,641, e sua redução depende da negociação de comprados itens de consumo que tiveram maior representatividade nos custos.
Expanding Heritage Horizons through the Cheltenham: A Diaspora Project
Authors: Howell David
Published: October 2020

This article considers the Cheltenham: Diaspora project, an exploration and promotion of migration heritage narratives in Cheltenham (UK). Cheltenham has a diverse history, but heritage provision in the locality has been consistently concentrated on 18th and 19th century Regency architecture. This has led to a marginalisation of non-elite heritage narratives, with no permanent platform for culturally diverse heritage themes in the region. In addition, informal, online history themed social media groups have, rather than expand heritage narratives, ultimately further narrowed heritage discussions. The Diaspora project looked to challenge the lack of diversity in the authorised heritage discourse, and informal online discourses of Cheltenham’s heritage, while enhancing the democratic nature of research projects coming out of the University of Gloucestershire. This paper considers the difficulties encountered in attempting to democratise heritage research, in a cultural climate that is rigid in its perception of what counts as ‘heritage’ and what is deemed as relevant by more ‘vocal’ local stakeholder groups. Ultimately the project reveals that while social media provides a useful avenue through which diverse heritage narratives can be pursued and promoted, ingrained attitudes regarding authorised forms of heritage are robust and resistant to the introduction of the unfamiliar.
Values and Dispositions of Omani Novice Teachers as Perceived by School Principals and Assistant Principals
Authors: Seyabi Fawzia Al
Published: October 2020

Equipping teacher candidates with values and dispositions has become an important part of the conversation about effective teaching and teacher preparation programs are increasingly expected to integrate dispositions in their agenda. The purpose of the present study is two-folded. It aims at investigating the kind of dispositions of novice Omani teachers as perceived by school principals and assistant principals. It also aims to identify the type of factors that affect the shaping of novice teachers’ dispositions/values. Interviews were conducted with ten school principals and five assistant principals from various public schools in two different directorates of education in Oman. Data of the interviews were analyzed qualitatively by identifying the most emerging themes in terms of the most and least developed dispositions as well as factors shaping them. Findings revealed that dispositions related to ambition and flexibility were highly observed among novice teachers while dispositions related to sense of belonging and commitment and responsibility were less observed. The study also showed that there was a range of factors shaping the development of novice teachers dispositions ranging from broader macro factors such as how the society views a teacher and the appointment situation in Oman to more micro institutional factors such as the huge demands of the job and the type and level of support that schools provide to novice teachers. The paper makes recommendations relevant to both teacher preparation programs and the Ministry of Education.
Biological welding – novel technique in the treatment
of esophageal metaplasia
Authors: Tyselskyi Volodymyr , Poylin Vitaliy , Kebkalo Andrey
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Biological welding – controlled action of high frequency current on living tissues, which leads to their structural changes and weld formation – connection with unique biological properties (strength, high elasticity, insensitivity to microbial infection, stimulating effect on the regeneration process, speed and quality which surpasses the normal uncomplicated healing) [22]. This method is used in various fields of surgery, but at the moment there is no data on its use in case of esophageal cylindrocellular (intestinal) metaplasia (further esophageal metaplasia or Barrett’s esophagus).
Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate biologic welding as a treatment option for patients with Barrett’s esophagus.
Materials and methods: Single-center retrospective review of patients with short-segment Barrett’s esophagus and metaplasia were treated by argon plasma coagulation (APC) or Paton’s welding. This was followed by Nissen fundoplication. Primary outcome of this study was mucosal healing with morphological confirmation of the absence of metaplasia. The groups included patients with a short segment of the esophagus Barrett’s C2-3M3-4 (Prague Classification 2004) and high dysplasia without nodule formation in combination with hiatal hernia (VI World Congress of the International Society for Esophageal Diseases; ISED) [23–25]).
Results: A total of 49 patients were included in the study with 25 patients treated by APC laser and 24 by biowelding. Four patients (16.0%) in the APC group developed stenosis and 5 patients (20.0%) developed recurrence compared to none in the biowelding group. Patients in the biowelding group had a significantly faster rate of mucosal healing leading to faster progression to Nissen fundoplication (at average 53 days) compared to APC laser group (surgery at 115 days).
Conclusions: Biological welding of Paton’s is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with esophageal metaplasia.
Outcomes of surgery for giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath within the hand.
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Owczarska Ada
Published: October 2020

Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is the most common benign proliferative lesion involving the upper limb, characterised by relatively high recurrence rate after surgery. The objective of the study was a retrospective analysis of outcomes of the operative treatment of these tumours, in a long-term (a mean of 4,2 year) follow-up.
Patients and methods. Preoperative examination was performed in 58 patients, 36 females (62%) and 22 males (38%), in a mean age of 41 years, and treatment outcomes were assessed in 47 persons (81% of the operated on), at a mean of 4,2 year follow-up. The final assessment was performed in a form of phone interview.
Results. The tumours most frequently were located in fingers - 42 cases (72%). In 31 patients (53%) the lesion had well-defined capsule, and in 11 (19%) a satellite nodules were found around the main tumour. A total of 9 relapses (21%) occurred, all within first 2 years following surgery. Two patients had a next episode of recurrence after the second operation. In 8 out of the 9 patients with the recurrence, the primary lesion had not well-defined capsule. In 38 patients who had no relapse, 31 were completely symptom-free, whereas 7 complained from mild pain of the scar and/or numbness of the part of the involved finger.
Conclusions. The main factor influencing the high rate of recurrence was incomplete tumour excision, what resulted from inadequately accurate surgery and the tumour morphology (having no well-defend capsule). The role of operating with the use of magnifying devices and keeping greater surgical margin at resection of the non-capsulated lesions was emphasised, what may translate into reducing of the recurrence rate.
UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA TERCEIRIZAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS MATERNOS EM UM CONTEXTO PERPASSADO POR REPRODUÇÃO ASSISTIDA E GRAVIDEZ MÚLTIPLA
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda Schmitt , Zornig Silvia Maria Abuzamra
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender as razões pelas quais uma mãe decidiu terceirizar os cuidados de seus bebês. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio do método Bick de observação de bebês, que ocorreu com uma mãe e seus três filhos trigêmeos. A mãe acompanhada teve sua gestação concebida mediante técnicas de reprodução assistida. As observações ocorreram quinzenalmente, durante o primeiro ano de vida dos bebês, na casa da participante. A observadora destaca ter se deparado com um contexto em que ela se via ao lado da mãe vendo as cuidadoras, babás e enfermeira cuidarem dos bebês. Com base nessa constatação, foi proposta na discussão uma reflexão acerca da terceirização dos cuidados maternos no caso acompanhado, levantando-se três hipóteses que se interligam e estão relacionadas a: reprodução assistida, maternidade trigemelar e o sentimento de vulnerabilidade descrito por Winnicott que muitas mulheres vivem ao se tornarem mães.

Palavras-chave: Observação de bebês. Maternidade. Reprodução assistida. Terceirização dos cuidados. Trigêmeos.
PSICOPROFILAXIA CIRÚRGICA DE PACIENTES INFANTIS E ADOLESCENTES: PERCEPÇÃO DOS MÉDICOS
Authors: Prebianchi Helena Bazanelli , Ferracini Ariane
Published: October 2020

O estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as percepções dos médicos cirurgiões, de um hospital-escola do interior paulista, sobre a psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica de pacientes infantis e adolescentes. Utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis cirurgiões pediátricos. As entrevistas seguiram um roteiro tópico flexível, e os dados coletados foram analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin (2004). Os resultados indicaram que os participantes julgam necessária a preparação psicológica dos pais dos pacientes infantis para diminuir a ansiedade destes, torná-los mais cooperativos com a equipe de saúde e não influenciarem negativamente os comportamentos dos filhos. Contudo não adotam a psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica como prática rotineira, dirigindo-a apenas aos casos nos quais consideram que os comportamentos da criança ou dos pais prejudicam a recuperação e, ou, os procedimentos da equipe. Concluiu-se ser necessário aumentar a compreensão dos médicos, do hospital, sobre como as práticas de psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica podem satisfazer as necessidades da população atendida e aos profissionais envolvidos.

Palavras-chave: Psicoprofilaxia. Cirurgia. Criança.
A PRESENÇA DA PSICANÁLISE NA UNIVERSIDADE FRANCESA
Authors: Fonteles Camila Santos Lima , Coutinho Denise Maria Barreto
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de retraçar o percurso da Psicanálise na universidade francesa, apresentando um panorama de sua atual conformação, com destaque para as produções psicanalíticas das universidades Paris VII e Paris VIII, pioneiras na inserção da Psicanálise no ambiente universitário do país. Para tal fim, percorremos a história da Psicanálise na universidade, na França, desde os estudos de Freud com Charcot até a criação dos dois Departamentos de Psicanálise. Em seguida, realizamos um levantamento das teses produzidas entre 1987 e 2012 nas referidas instituições francesas, com exame de temas, métodos e referenciais teóricos. Como resultado dessa investigação, estimamos ter oferecido uma dimensão compreensiva à relação entre Psicanálise e universidade. Além disso, o exame da produção ao longo de mais de duas décadas pode fornecer um panorama específico do campo psicanalítico universitário francês, com o qual o Brasil sempre manteve relações de intenso intercâmbio e proximidade.

Palavras-chave: Psicanálise na França. História da Psicanálise. Teses psicanalíticas. Estudos sobre a universidade.