bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Analysis of the Production of Neutral Alcohol Obtained from Winemaking Byproducts for Use in Perfumery
Authors: Lanquetin D. , Piccirilli A.
Published: July 2024

As is the case in many other industries, major fragrance brands are now incorporating circular-economy in their product-development strategies. This is in response to growing consumer demand for more environmentally friendly products. In light of this objective, perfumery raw materials must be evaluated against environmental and societal criteria. This more critical context, coupled with the fact that alcohol can constitute up to 95% of a fragrance, means greater attention is being given the origin of this fragrance solvent. Industries are now becoming keenly interested in seeking out more environmentally friendly alternatives to alcohols derived from field crops (sugar beet, wheat, corn, sugarcane) so as to use a sustainable alcohol with excellent olfactory performance. To this end, this study entailed evaluating the environmental impact of an extra-neutral grape alcohol produced in France and obtained from winemaking residues. Its olfactory performance has been proven to meet the expectations and industrial needs of perfumers. The environmental impact was assessed by a life cycle analysis (LCA) carried out per the current NF EN ISO 14040 standard. The results show that extra-neutral grape alcohol is positively comparable to sugar beet alcohol, particularly as concerns greenhouse gas emissions. Upcycled grape alcohol is also produced through sustainable management of winemaking waste and does not conflict with land needs for food production. Lastly, unlike field crops, grapevines in the form of vineyards are a perennial crop and therefore serve as major carbon sinks, much the same way forests do.
Sleep Disorders and Quality of Life of Women in Menopausal Transition and Postmenopausal Assisted in Primary Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study Protocol
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro Victor Silva , Pasqualotto Luísa Teixeira , Júnior Newton Santos de Faria
Published: July 2024

Aims: The objective of the study will be to evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, sleep quality and life of women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal assisted in primary health care (PHC) in Divinópolis/MG.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational.
Place and Duration of Study: PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between January and December 2023.
Material and Methods: The present study will be carried out by professors and students of the University of the State of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Divinópolis Unit, with women recruited from PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis/MG, after consenting to participate in the study, by signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF). The sample will be consecutive and of convenience and then stratified according to sociodemographic variables, presence or absence of sleep disorders, sleep quality, quality of life and other variables pertinent to the study.
Discussion: Due to the lack of professional performance in primary care for sleep disorders,                           it is necessary to study the concomitant changes between the menopausal transition and postmenopausal processes. Given the aspects related to these disorders, there is a need for a more in-depth look at the factors that can interfere with sleep quality during this transition.
Conclusion: This study protocol aims to investigate sleep disorders and the quality of sleep and life in women during the menopausal and postmenopausal transition phases. The research seeks to identify data demonstrating the changes that occur during these phases.
Methods for Medical Device Design, Regulatory Compliance and Risk Management
Authors: Singh Jagbir , Patel Priyank
Published: July 2024

Despite the evolution of design controls and compliance as critical elements in the medical device development process, as stipulated by both domestic and international regulations and standards, a comprehensive model describing the comprehensive approach to medical device design is needed. This gap exists because design controls and regulatory compliance have become integral to the medical device design process, mandated by regulations and standards at both national and international levels. The medical device sector prioritizes design controls and compliance with regulatory requirements in isolation. On the other hand, the integration of design controls and compliance, such as those associated with projects involving complex medical device designs, have not been considered nearly enough.
This review focuses on the integration of design controls and compliance in the medical device sector. Initially, the definition of a medical device and the different phases of medical device development are introduced. Afterwards, medical device development using the basic safety and essential performance concepts outlined in the IEC 60601-1 standard is discussed. The role of risk management practices about medical devices is also elaborated upon.
ANALISIS SUMBER RISIKO BAGI DEVELOPER PERUMAHAN SUBSIDI
Authors: Lestari I Gusti Agung Ayu Istri , Sudarsana I Dewa Ketut , Astana I Nyoman Yudha , Yana Anak Agung Gde Agung
Published: July 2024

Peningkatan jumlah kebutuhan perumahan memberikan peluang kepada pelaku usaha di bidang developer perumahan untuk meningkatkan usahanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perumahan. Dalam pengadaan perumahan ini developer akan dihadapkan pada berbagai risiko yang kemungkinan terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi sumber risiko bagi developer perumahan subsidi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi literatur dari artikel terkait dengan risiko bagi developer perumahan subsidi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 25 artikel yang dikaji, sumber risiko yang paling dominan berasal dari risiko eksternal yaitu ekonomi dan sumber risiko internal dari risiko finansial. Dapat disimpulkan secara umum bahwa faktor yang menjadi sumber utama risiko bagi developer perumahan subsidi adalah dari segi ekonomi atau finansial baik yang berasal dari eksternal maupun internal perusahaan developer.
Modeling granular materials: A test bed for framing and analysis
Authors: Umbanhowar Paul B. , Lueptow Richard M. , Ottino Julio M.
Published: May 2013

Neal Amundson's seminal contributions in chemical engineering stem from the mathematically framed elegance of his research and the consequences of rigorous analysis. However, many significant problems in chemical engineering have resisted couching in elegant formalisms, the flow of granular materials being a particularly important example. There are valuable lessons that come sharply into focus by examining the nature of the difficulties. Here, we focus on questions of framing and analysis—determining a theoretical approach, choosing an appropriate level of description, and selecting from multiple quantitative tools—using examples spanning vibration, mixing, surface flow, and segregation and pattern formation. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3237–3246, 2013
Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of Marangoni effect induced by mass transfer during drop formation
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Lu Ping , Wang Yang , Yang Chao , Mao Zai‐Sha
Published: May 2013

Marangoni effect induced by interphase mass transfer plays an important role in liquid–liquid extraction and reaction processes. The interaction of Marangoni effect and interphase mass transfer during drop formation at different injection rates and different initial solute concentrations was investigated by experimental and numerical simulation. The extraction fraction was measured and the corresponding correlation was proposed. The level‐set method coupled with mass‐transfer equation is for the first time used to simulate the mass‐transfer induced Marangoni effect during drop formation. The simulated drop volume, shape, and extraction fraction are in good accordance with experimental data. Through the numerical simulation, it is found that the mass transfer in the first mass‐transfer period is the most efficient during drop formation when Marangoni convection occurs. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4424–4439, 2013
Multiple jobholder mortality patterns in Kentucky: An examination of occupational fatalities
Authors: Bush Ashley M. , McKee Sarah E. , Bunn Terry L.
Published: May 2013

Background

The percentage of multiple jobholders was elevated in Kentucky compared to the US from 2002 to 2010.

Methods

Kentucky Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) multiple jobholder fatality data were analyzed to identify contributing injury factors from 2002 to 2010.

Results

Kentucky's total occupational fatality rates were higher than US rates for all years (2002–2010). Kentucky multiple jobholder fatalities averaged 8.4 deaths per 100,000 employees compared to the total average occupational fatality rate of 6.5. Almost half of multiple jobholder fatalities (47%) occurred in the agricultural industry and management occupation as the primary industry and occupation; 67% were tractor‐related. The most prevalent secondary industry and occupation were the construction industry and management occupation.

Conclusions

Increased surveillance of multiple jobholder injuries is needed to improve safety and health on the job. Future investigations should include the relationship between multiple jobholding and agricultural employment as farm owners. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:881–888, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Convergent functional genomics of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Niculescu Alexander B.
Published: May 2013

Genetic and gene expression studies, in humans and animal models of psychiatric and other medical disorders, are becoming increasingly integrated. Particularly for genomics, the convergence and integration of data across species, experimental modalities and technical platforms is providing a fit‐to‐disease way of extracting reproducible and biologically important signal, in contrast to the fit‐to‐cohort effect and limited reproducibility of human genetic analyses alone. With the advent of whole‐genome sequencing and the realization that a major portion of the non‐coding genome may contain regulatory variants, Convergent Functional Genomics (CFG) approaches are going to be essential to identify disease‐relevant signal from the tremendous polymorphic variation present in the general population. Such work in psychiatry can provide an example of how to address other genetically complex disorders, and in turn will benefit by incorporating concepts from other areas, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polygenic transmission and complex neuro developmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Genome‐wide association study of both common and rare variants
Authors: Yang Li , Neale Benjamin M. , Liu Lu , Lee S. Hong , Wray Naomi R. , Ji Ning , Li Haimei , Qian Qiujin , Wang Dongliang , Li Jun , Faraone Stephen V. , Wang Yufeng ,   Psychiatric GWAS Consortium: ADHD Subgroup
Published: May 2013

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex polygenic disorder. This study aimed to discover common and rare DNA variants associated with ADHD in a large homogeneous Han Chinese ADHD case–control sample. The sample comprised 1,040 cases and 963 controls. All cases met DSM‐IV ADHD diagnostic criteria. We used the Affymetrix6.0 array to assay both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Genome‐wide association analyses were performed using PLINK. SNP‐heritability and SNP‐genetic correlations with ADHD in Caucasians were estimated with genome‐wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). Pathway analyses were performed using the Interval enRICHment Test (INRICH), the Disease Association Protein–Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE), and the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). We did not find genome‐wide significance for single SNPs but did find an increased burden of large, rare CNVs in the ADHD sample (P = 0.038). SNP‐heritability was estimated to be 0.42 (standard error, 0.13, P = 0.0017) and the SNP‐genetic correlation with European Ancestry ADHD samples was 0.39 (SE 0.15, P = 0.0072). The INRICH, DAPPLE, and GREAT analyses implicated several gene ontology cellular components, including neuron projections and synaptic components, which are consistent with a neurodevelopmental pathophysiology for ADHD. This study suggested the genetic architecture of ADHD comprises both common and rare variants. Some common causal variants are likely to be shared between Han Chinese and Caucasians. Complex neurodevelopmental networks may underlie ADHD's etiology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic Monitoring of Oral Therapies in Ethnically Diverse and Economically Disadvantaged Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Consequences of Low Adherence
Authors: Waimann Christian A. , Marengo Maria F. , de Achaval Sofia , Cox Vanessa L. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Araceli , Reveille John D. , Richardson Marsha N. , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E.
Published: May 2013

Objective

To quantify adherence to oral therapies in ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using electronic medication monitoring, and to evaluate the clinical consequences of low adherence.

Methods

A total of 107 patients with RA enrolled in a 2‐year prospective cohort study agreed to have their oral RA drug therapy intake electronically monitored using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Adherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and prednisone was determined as the percentage of days (or weeks for methotrexate) on which the patient took the correct dose as prescribed by the physician. Patient outcomes were assessed, including function measured by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, disease activity measured by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), health‐related quality of life, and radiographic damage measured using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde scoring method.

Results

Adherence to the treatment regimen as determined by the percentage of correct doses was 64% for DMARDs and 70% for prednisone. Patients who had better mental health were statistically more likely to be adherent. Only 23 of the patients (21%) had an average adherence to DMARDs ≥80%. These patients showed significantly better mean DAS28 values across 2 years of followup than those who were less adherent (3.28 versus 4.09; P = 0.02). Radiographic scores were also worse in nonadherent patients at baseline and at 12 months.

Conclusion

Only one‐fifth of RA patients had an overall adherence to DMARDs of at least 80%. Less than two‐thirds of the prescribed DMARD doses were correctly taken. Adherent patients had lower disease activity across the 2 years of followup.
Remarkable Structure Effects on Chiroptical Properties of Polyisocyanides Carrying Proline Pendants
Authors: Xu Anqiu , Hu Guixia , Hu Yulong , Zhang Xiuqiang , Liu Kun , Kuang Guichao , Zhang Afang
Published: May 2013

Chiral polymers with simple chemical structures and high helical conformation stabilities are important for their applications as chiral supports and asymmetrical catalysts. We report herein the synthesis of a series of aliphatic polyisocyanides carrying proline pendants of different chiralities, and an investigation of the effects of the chemical structures of these pendants on the chiroptical properties of the polymers. The configuration of the chiral center at the 4‐position of the proline pendants was changed from S to R to check its effect on the handedness of the helical conformation. To examine the effects of steric hindrance on the stabilities of the helical conformation for these aliphatic representatives, proline pendants with various substituents at both the carboxyl and amine terminals were designed. To further examine the steric effects of the proline pendants, aromatic counterparts were also prepared. In the latter case, the effects of hydrogen bonds between pendant units on the enhancement and stabilities of the helical conformation were investigated by switching from the ester to an amide linkage. The Cotton effects and signal intensities of both aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanides from circular dichroism spectroscopy were compared based on the bulkiness of the pendant groups, solvent polarities, and solution temperatures. It was found that highly stable helical conformations of polyisocyanides could be imposed by small bulky monoproline pendants.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Step in the Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allyl‐(ortho‐alkinylphenyl)methyl Ethers
Authors: Ackermann Martin , Bucher Janina , Rappold Melissa , Graf Katharina , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: May 2013

The gold‐catalyzed conversion of allyl‐(ortho‐alkynylphenyl)methyl ethers was investigated, and allylated isochromenes were obtained. An optimization of the catalysis conditions with respect to different phosphane and carbene ligands on gold, different counterions, and different solvents was conducted. Subsequently, the scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated with 21 substrates. The mechanistic studies show an allylic inversion, as supported by NMR data and an X‐ray crystal structure analysis, as well as an intermolecular reaction, as determined by crossover experiments. There is no competition of protodeauration even in the presence of water. All these observations differ from other related conversions and clearly indicate product formation by a [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement in the step forming the new CC bond.
An effective protein extraction method for two‐dimensional electrophoresis in the anticancer herb Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Authors: Talei Daryush , Valdiani Alireza , Puad Mohd Abdullah
Published: May 2013

Proteomic analysis of plants relies on high yields of pure protein. In plants, protein extraction and purification present a great challenge due to accumulation of a large amount of interfering substances, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the extraction protocols. A study was conducted to compare four protein extraction and precipitation methods for proteomic analysis. The results showed significant differences in protein content among the four methods. The chloroform–trichloroacetic acid–acetone method using 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer provided the best results in terms of protein content, pellets, spot resolution, and intensity of unique spots detected. An overall of 83 qualitative or quantitative significant differential spots were found among the four methods. Based on the 2‐DE gel map, the method is expected to benefit the development of high‐level proteomic and biochemical studies of Andrographis paniculata, which may also be applied to other recalcitrant medicinal plant tissues.
Different spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interaction between cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhang Dong , Xu Shanhua , Zuo Huijun , Zuo Chunlin , Li Yufei
Published: May 2013

Anthocyanin is one of the flavonoid phytopigments that shows strong antioxidant activity. The cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) is one of the principal types of anthocyanins. To understand the interaction between C3G and bovine serum albumin (BSA), fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism and molecular modeling techniques were used. Binding constant (Ka) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated. The quenching mechanism of fluorescence of BSA by C3G was discussed. The results studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism experiments indicate that the secondary structures of the protein have been changed by the interaction of C3G with BSA. The result of molecular modeling confirmed that the C3G bound to the site I (sub‐domain IIA) of BSA, and that the hydroxyl groups in the B ring of C3G took part in the binding with BSA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of transradial cardiac catheterization in patients with end‐stage liver disease
Authors: Jacobs Evan , Singh Vikas , Damluji Abdulla , Shah Neil R. , Warsch Jessica L. , Ghanta Ravi , Martin Paul , Alfonso Carlos E. , Martinez Claudia A. , Moscucci Mauro , Cohen Mauricio G.
Published: May 2013

Background

Transradial access may be advantageous for patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) who need to undergo left heart catheterization (LHC). We aimed to assess the safety of transradial cardiac catheterization in patients listed for orthotopic liver transplantation.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of ESLD, who underwent LHC via transradial access as part of a pre‐operative liver transplantation evaluation. All the patients also underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) via brachial or femoral vein. The primary outcome measure was procedure‐related major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included access site minor bleeding, in‐hospital mortality, radial access failure, and acute kidney injury.

Results

A total of 82 consecutive patients with ESLD, who underwent LHC via transradial access, were enrolled in the study. All patients also underwent RHC (n = 45 via brachial and n = 37 via femoral vein). The median age was 59 (54, 67) years old, and 58% were male. History of coronary artery disease or heart failure was present in 17% of patients. The median MELD score was 19 (13, 24.5), baseline hemoglobin was 10.5 mg/dL (9.4, 11.8), INR was 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) and platelets were 74,000 (53,000, 117,000)/mm3. The most common etiology of liver failure was viral hepatitis (51%), followed by alcoholic cirrhosis (24%) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (21%). Angiographically significant coronary artery disease was present in 17 (21%) patients. Major bleeding and acute kidney injury each occurred in two patients (2.4%). There were no instances of vascular complications. There were no deaths attributable to complications from cardiac catheterization.

Conclusion

Upper extremity right and left heart catheterization appears to be a safe method to evaluate coronary anatomy and hemodynamics in a severely ill population of patients with ESLD awaiting transplant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perventricular melody valve implantation in a 12 kg child
Authors: Holoshitz Noa , Ilbawi Michel N. , Amin Zahid
Published: May 2013

Transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to valve surgery in patients with surgically corrected congenital heart disease. In cases where the transcatheter approach has failed, or was thought to be technically challenging, a hybrid approach to pulmonic valve implantation has been described. This approach involves a small subxyphoid incision made by the cardiac surgeon and implantation of the pulmonic valve through the appropriate delivery sheath through this incision. Here we describe a case of a successful implantation of a Melody valve in a 12 kg child with tetralogy of Fallot. To our knowledge this is the smallest child to have undergone this procedure reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Containing Ionic Liquid‐Based Ordered Mesoporous Organosilica: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Heck Reaction
Authors: Elhamifar Dawood , Karimi Babak , Rastegar Javad , Banakar Mohammad Hossain
Published: May 2013

The catalytic application of a novel palladium‐containing periodic mesoporous organosilica with ionic liquid framework (Pd@PMO‐IL‐I) in the Heck cross‐coupling reaction was described. This nanocatalyst was first synthesised and characterised by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption analysis. The efficiency of the Pd@PMO‐IL‐I catalyst was investigated in the Heck cross‐coupling of various aryl halides with alkyl acrylates in the presence of N‐methylpyrolidone at 140 °C. The catalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity with various aryl iodides, aryl bromides, and activated aryl chlorides, which gave the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields and with excellent E‐selectivities. Moreover, the recoverability, reusability and the actual nature of the Pd@PMO‐IL‐I catalyst were investigated to show the effect of ionic liquid moieties on the stabilisation of palladium species during the reaction. Our study showed that the catalyst could be recovered and reused at least nine times without any appreciable decrease in activity and selectivity, which confirmed its high efficiency and high stability under the reaction conditions and during recycling stages.
Synthesis of Nanocomposites from Pd0 and a Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Functional Resin Obtained from a Conventional Gel‐Type Precursor
Authors: Jeřábek Karel , Zecca Marco , Centomo Paolo , Marchionda Federico , Peruzzo Luca , Canton Patrizia , Negro Enrico , Di Noto Vito , Corain Benedetto
Published: May 2013

Hyper‐cross‐linked resins stemming from a gel‐type poly‐chloromethylated poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) resin (GT) have been investigated by a multi‐methodological approach based on elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray microanalysis, and solvent absorption. The hyper‐cross‐linking of the parent resin was accomplished by Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the phenyl rings of the resins with the chloromethyl groups. This produced a permanent pore system comprising both micropores (<2.0 nm in diameter) and mesopores (2.2 nm). The chloromethyl groups that did not react in the hyper‐cross‐linking step were transformed into methylmercaptan groups and the latter were then converted into sulfonic groups by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. By this procedure the extensive permanent porosity of the parent unsulfonated hyper‐cross‐linked polymer (HGT) was retained by the sulfonated polymer (HGTS). The final exchange capacity of HGTS was determined to be 0.36 mmol g−1. HGTS was easily metalated with PdII and the subsequent reduction of the metal centers with either aqueous sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, or dihydrogen produced three Pd0/HGTS nanocomposites. The metal nanoparticles had diameters in the 1–6 nm range for all the nanocomposites, as determined by TEM, but with somewhat different distributions. When formaldehyde was used, more than 90 % of the nanoparticles were less than 3 nm and their radial distribution throughout the polymer beads was quite homogeneous. These findings show that with this reducing agent the metal nanoparticles are generated within the pore system of the polymer matrix, hence their size is controlled by the dimensions of the pores of the polymeric support.
Solvent‐Polarity‐Tuned Morphology and Inversion of Supramolecular Chirality in a Self‐Assembled Pyridylpyrazole‐Linked Glutamide Derivative: Nanofibers, Nanotwists, Nanotubes, and Microtubes
Authors: Jin Qingxian , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: May 2013

The self‐assembly of a low‐molecular‐weight organogelator into various hierarchical structures has been achieved for a pyridylpyrazole linked L‐glutamide amphiphile in different solvents. Upon gel formation, supramolecular chirality was observed, which exhibited an obvious dependence on the polarity of the solvent. Positive supramolecular chirality was obtained in nonpolar solvents, whereas it was inverted into negative supramolecular chirality in polar solvents. Moreover, the gelator molecules self‐assembled into a diverse array of nanostructures over a wide scale range, from nanofibers to nanotubes and microtubes, depending on the solvent polarity. Such morphological changes could even occur for the xerogels in the solvent vapors. We found that the interactions between the pyridylpyrazole headgroups and the solvents could subtly change the stacking of the molecules and, hence, their self‐assembled nanostructures. This work exemplifies that organic solvents can significantly involve the gelation, as well as tune the structure and properties, of a gel.
An improved method for applying the lockhart–martinelli correlation to three‐phase gas–liquid–solid horizontal pipeline flows
Authors: Rahman M.A. , Adane K. Freeman , Sanders R. Sean
Published: May 2013

Three‐phase (G/L/S) horizontal pipe flow data collected from the literature are used to evaluate the performance of a number of correlations designed to predict the pipeline pressure gradient. In the present study, a number of popular two‐phase gas–liquid pressure loss correlations were modified for three‐phase flow predictions. The primary modification is to assume that the slurry (L/S) mixture behaves as a singlephase. The modified Dukler and the Beggs and Brill correlations did not provide accurate estimates of the three‐phase pressure gradients. When the classical Lockhart–Martinelli (L–M) correlation was used, along with a kinematic friction loss model to calculate the slurry (L/S) superficial flow pressure gradient, accurate predictions of the three‐phase (G/L/S) pressure gradient were obtained provided the slurry did not exhibit non‐Newtonian behaviour and that Coulombic (sliding bed) friction was negligible. Additional experiments should be conducted before the improved version of the L–M correlation is applied to commercial installations with pipe diameters greater than 100 mm.
Probing the Structural Properties of DNA/RNA Grooves with Sterically Restricted Phosphonium Dyes: Screening of Dye Cytotoxicity and Uptake
Authors: Crnolatac Ivo , Tumir Lidija‐Marija , Lesev Nedyalko Y. , Vasilev Aleksey A. , Deligeorgiev Todor G. , Mišković Katarina , Glavaš‐Obrovac Ljubica , Vugrek Oliver , Piantanida Ivo
Published: May 2013

To explore in greater detail the recently reported rare kinetic differentiation between homo‐polymeric and alternating AT‐DNA sequences by using sterically restricted phosphonium dyes that form dimers within the DNA minor groove, new analogues were prepared in which the quinolone phosphonium moiety was kept constant, while the size and hydrogen bonding properties of the rest of the molecule were varied. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed that a slight increase in length by an additional methylene unit results in loss of kinetic AT selectivity, but yielded an AT‐selective fluorescence response. These DNA/RNA‐groove‐bound dyes combine very low cytotoxicity with efficient cellular uptake and intriguingly specific fluorescent marking of mitochondria. In contrast to longer analogues, a decrease in length (by methylene unit removal) and rearrangement of positive charge resulted in dyes that had switched to the intercalative binding mode to GC DNA/dsRNA but that still form dimers in the minor groove of AT sequences, consequently yielding a significantly different chiro‐optical response. The latter dyes also revealed strongly selective antiproliferative activity toward HeLa cancer cells.
Increasing our understanding of human cognition through the study of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Cook Denise , Nuro Erin , Murai Keith K.
Published: May 2013

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is considered the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. It is caused by reductions in the expression level or function of a single protein, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), a translational regulator which binds to approximately 4% of brain messenger RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that FXS is a complex disorder of cognition, involving interactions between genetic and environmental influences, leading to difficulties in acquiring key life skills including motor skills, language, and proper social behaviors. Since many FXS patients also present with one or more features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), insights gained from studying the monogenic basis of FXS could pave the way to a greater understanding of underlying features of multigenic ASDs. Here we present an overview of the FXS and FMRP field with the goal of demonstrating how loss of a single protein involved in translational control affects multiple stages of brain development and leads to debilitating consequences on human cognition. We also focus on studies which have rescued or improved FXS symptoms in mice using genetic or therapeutic approaches to reduce protein expression. We end with a brief description of how deficits in translational control are implicated in FXS and certain cases of ASDs, with many recent studies demonstrating that ASDs are likely caused by increases or decreases in the levels of certain key synaptic proteins. The study of FXS and its underlying single genetic cause offers an invaluable opportunity to study how a single gene influences brain development and behavior. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 147–177, 2014
Covariation and repeatability of male mating effort and mating preferences in a promiscuous fish
Authors: Godin Jean‐Guy J. , Auld Heather L.
Published: May 2013

Although mate choice by males does occur in nature, our understanding of its importance in driving evolutionary change remains limited compared with that for female mate choice. Recent theoretical models have shown that the evolution of male mate choice is more likely when individual variation in male mating effort and mating preferences exist and positively covary within populations. However, relatively little is known about the nature of such variation and its maintenance within natural populations. Here, using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as a model study system, we report that mating effort and mating preferences in males, based on female body length (a strong correlate of fecundity), positively covary and are significantly variable among subjects. Individual males are thus consistent, but not unanimous, in their mate choice. Both individual mating effort (including courtship effort) and mating preference were significantly repeatable. These novel findings support the assumptions and predictions of recent evolutionary models of male mate choice, and are consistent with the presence of additive genetic variation for male mate choice based on female size in our study population and thus with the opportunity for selection and further evolution of large female body size through male mate choice.
Alternative trait combinations and secondary resource partitioning in sexually selected color polymorphism
Authors: Takahashi Yuma , Kawata Masakado
Published: May 2013

Resource partitioning within a species, trophic polymorphism is hypothesized to evolve by disruptive selection when intraspecific competition for certain resources is severe. However, in this study, we reported the secondary partitioning of oviposition resources without resource competition in the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis. In this species, females show color polymorphism that has been evolved as counteradaptation against sexual conflict. One of the female morphs is a blue‐green (andromorph, male‐like morph), whereas the other morph is brown (gynomorph). These female morphs showed alternative preferences for oviposition resources (plant tissues); andromorphs used fresh (greenish) plant tissues, whereas gynomorphs used decaying (brownish) plants tissues, suggesting that they chose oviposition resources on which they are more cryptic. In addition, the two‐color morphs had different egg morphologies. Andromorphs have smaller and more elongated eggs, which seemed to adapt to hard substrates compared with those of gynomorphs. The resource partitioning in this species is achieved by morphological and behavioral differences between the color morphs that allow them to effectively exploit different resources. Resource partitioning in this system may be a by‐product of phenotypic integration with body color that has been sexually selected, suggesting an overlooked mechanism of the evolution of resource partitioning. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary and ecological consequences of such resource partitioning.
A Robust Mn Catalyst for H2O2 Disproportionation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lee Wei‐Tsung , Xu Song , Dickie Diane A. , Smith Jeremy M.
Published: May 2013

The pyridinophane complex [Mn(Py2N2)(H2O)2]2+ catalyses the disproportionation of H2O2 in aqueous solution over a wide pH range. Kinetic investigations reveal an induction period, which is proposed to involve the formation of a hydroperoxo intermediate, as well as evidence for catalyst self‐inhibition. A catalytic cycle involving mononuclear intermediates has been proposed. Spectroscopic investigations under turnover conditions are consistent with this proposal and show that the resting state of the catalyst is a mononuclear MnII complex. The robustness of the catalyst is evidenced by its ability to achieve turnover numbers of 58000 in aqueous solution.
The opposite of backlash: High‐SDO people show enhanced tolerance when gay people pose little threat
Authors: Bahns Angela J. , Crandall Christian S.
Published: May 2013

We tested how perceived threat to group position affects the relationship between beliefs about the acceptability of social inequality—as measured by social dominance orientation (SDO)—and discrimination. We hypothesized that high‐SDO heterosexuals would respond with increased discrimination when they perceived status gains for gays. In a pilot study, we found that SDO correlated with gay prejudice and with perceiving gays to be gaining status. In an experiment, we manipulated the perceived status of gays and measured SDO, traditional values, and money donated to anti‐gay causes. SDO was correlated with more anti‐gay donations, except when gays were perceived to be low in status; then people high in SDO discriminated less, making fewer anti‐gay donations in the Low compared to the Gain and Control status conditions. By contrast, traditional values were correlated with more anti‐gay donations in all conditions, and the correlation was especially strong in the Low status condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐implicit numerical model for urban drainage systems
Authors: Casulli Vincenzo , Stelling Guus S.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, a semi‐implicit numerical model for one‐dimensional urban drainage networks is formulated in such a fashion as to intrinsically account for arbitrary cross sections, for the occurrence of dry areas, for free surface, and for pressurized flows. The governing differential equations are discretized with a consistent mass conservative scheme that naturally applies to all flow regimes. The resulting mildly nonlinear system, at every time step, is efficiently solved with a converging, properly devised, nested Newton‐type algorithm. It will be shown that with the proposed semi‐implicit model, high accuracy can be achieved at a moderate computational cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating wetland methane emissions from the northern high latitudes from 1990 to 2009 using artificial neural networks
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Zhuang Qianlai , Qin Zhangcai , Glagolev Mikhail , Song Lulu
Published: May 2013

Methane (CH4) emissions from wetland ecosystems in nothern high latitudes provide a potentially positive feedback to global climate warming. Large uncertainties still remain in estimating wetland CH4 emisions at regional scales. Here we develop a statistical model of CH4 emissions using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach and field observations of CH4 fluxes. Six explanatory variables (air temperature, precipitation, water table depth, soil organic carbon, soil total porosity, and soil pH) are included in the development of ANN models, which are then extrapolated to the northern high latitudes to estimate monthly CH4 emissions from 1990 to 2009. We estimate that the annual wetland CH4 source from the northern high latitudes (north of 45°N) is 48.7 Tg CH4 yr−1 (1 Tg = 1012 g) with an uncertainty range of 44.0~53.7 Tg CH4 yr−1. The estimated wetland CH4 emissions show a large spatial variability over the northern high latitudes, due to variations in hydrology, climate, and soil conditions. Significant interannual and seasonal variations of wetland CH4 emissions exist in the past 2 decades, and the emissions in this period are most sensitive to variations in water table position. To improve future assessment of wetland CH4 dynamics in this region, research priorities should be directed to better characterizing hydrological processes of wetlands, including temporal dynamics of water table position and spatial dynamics of wetland areas.
Sublethal heat treatment promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances the malignant potential of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Kornek Miroslaw , Ikenaga Naoki , Schmelzle Moritz , Masuzaki Ryota , Csizmadia Eva , Wu Yan , Robson Simon C. , Schuppan Detlef
Published: May 2013

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, incomplete RFA can induce accelerated invasive growth at the periphery. The mechanisms underlying the RFA-induced tumor promotion remain largely unexplored. Three human HCC cell lines were exposed to 45°C-55°C for 10 minutes, simulating the marginal zone of RFA treatment. At 5-12 days post-treatment cell proliferation, parameters of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases were analyzed. Livers from patients with viral hepatitis without and with HCC (n = 114) were examined to confirm the relevance of altered kinase patterns.

In vivo

tumorigenic potential of heat-treated versus untreated HCC cells was studied in nude mice. Heating to 55°C killed all HCC cells, whereas 65%-85% of cells survived 48°C-50°C, developing spindle-like morphology and expressing CD133, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK19, procollagen-α1(I), and Snail at day 5 after heat exposure, which returned to baseline at day 12. Heat-exposed HCC cells showed enhanced proliferation and prominent activation of p46-Shc (Src homology and collagen) and downstream extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk)1/2. In patients, Shc expression correlated with malignant potential and overall survival. Blocking Erk1/2 reduced proliferation and EMT-like changes of heat-treated HCC cells. Implantation of heat-exposed HEPG2 cells into nude mice induced significantly larger, more aggressive tumors than untreated cells.

Conclusions:

Sublethal heat treatment skews HCC cells toward EMT and transforms them to a progenitor-like, highly proliferative cellular phenotype

in vitro

and

in vivo

, which is driven significantly by p46Shc-Erk1/2. Suboptimal RFA accelerates HCC growth and spread by transiently inducing an EMT-like, more aggressive cellular phenotype. (Hepatology 2013;58:1667–1680)
The equity lens in the health care performance evaluation system
Authors: Barsanti Sara , Nuti Sabina
Published: May 2013

The main objective of this paper is to describe how indicators of the equity of access to health care according to socioeconomic conditions may be included in a performance evaluation system (PES) in the regional context level and in the planning and strategic control system of healthcare organisations. In particular, the paper investigates how the PES adopted, in the experience of the Tuscany region in Italy, indicators of vertical equity over time. Studies that testify inequality of access to health services often remain just a research output and are not used as targets and measurements in planning and control systems. After a brief introduction to the concept of horizontal and vertical equity in health care systems and equity measures in PES, the paper describes the ‘equity process’ by which selected health indicators declined by socioeconomic conditions were shared and used in the evaluation of health care institutions and in the CEOs' rewarding system, and subsequently analyses the initial results. Results on the maternal and child path and the chronicity care path not only show improvements in addressing health care inequalities, but also verify whether the health system responds appropriately to different population groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Xenopus TRPV6 homolog encodes a Mg2+‐permeant channel that is inhibited by interaction with TRPC1
Authors: Courjaret Raphael , Hubrack Satanay , Daalis Arwa , Dib Maya , Machaca Khaled
Published: May 2013

The TRP gene family encodes primarily cation non‐selective, Ca2+ permeant channels that are involved in a dizzying array of sensory mechanisms. Two channels in this large family TRPV5 and TRPV6 are highly Ca2+ selective and are expressed in epithelia where they are important in Ca2+ uptake. TRPV5/6 are constitutively active, yet the mechanisms regulating their activation in native tissue remains elusive. Here we functionally characterize the Xenopus TRPV6 homolog. xTRPV6 is expressed in the oocyte and encodes a channel that is permeant to divalents including Ca2+, and displays a high permeability to Mg2+. The oocyte does not exhibit functional TRPV6‐like current at rest, showing that the endogenous channel is somehow maintained in an inactive state. We show that endogenous as well as overexpressed xTRPV6 interacts with xTRPC1 and that this interaction inhibits xTRPV6 currents. As such TRPC1 is likely to regulate the activity of TRPV6 under physiological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2386–2398, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct infusion analysis of nucleotide mixtures of very similar or identical elemental composition
Authors: Quinn Ryan , Basanta‐Sanchez Maria , Rose Rebecca E. , Fabris Daniele
Published: May 2013

The challenges posed by the analysis of mono‐nucleotide mixtures by direct infusion electrospray ionization were examined in the context of recent advances of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies. In particular, we evaluated the merits of high‐resolution mass analysis, multistep gas‐phase dissociation, and ion mobility determinations for the characterization of species with very similar or identical elemental composition. The high resolving power afforded by a linear trap quadrupole‐orbitrap allowed the complete differentiation of overlapping isotopic distributions produced by nucleotides that differed by a single mass unit. Resolving12C signals from nearly overlapped13C contributions provided the exact masses necessary to calculate matching elemental compositions for unambiguous formulae assignment. However, it was the ability to perform sequential steps of gas‐phase dissociation (i.e. MSn‐type analysis) that proved more valuable for discriminating between truly isobaric nucleotides, such as the AMP/dGMP and UMP/ΨMP couples, which were differentiated in the mixture from their unique fragmentation patterns. The identification of diagnostic fragments enabled the deconvolution of dissociation spectra containing the products of coexisting isobars that could not be individually isolated in the mass‐selection step. Approaches based on ion mobility spectrometry‐MS provided another dimension upon which isobaric nucleotides could be differentiated according to their distinctive mobility behaviors. Subtle structural variations, such as the different positions of an oxygen atom in AMP/dGMP or the glycosidic bond in UMP/ΨMP, produced detectable differences in the respective ion mobility profiles, which enabled the differentiation of the isobaric couples in the mixture. Parallel activation of all ions emerging from the ion mobility element provided an additional dimension for differentiating these analytes on the basis of both mobility and fragmentation properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relative stability of self‐assembled metallosupramolecular subphthalocyanine capsules determined by ESI‐Q‐TOF tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sánchez‐Molina I. , Vicente‐Arana M. J. , Claessens C. G. , Torres T.
Published: May 2013

A comparative study of the relative stability of subphthalocyanine metallosupramolecular capsules bearing different metals and ligands has been carried out by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The results highlight the trends in the strength of metal–nitrogen bonds as well as the ‘trans effect’ of certain ligands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.