bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaposiform Acro-Angiodermatitis with Arteriovenous Malformation (Stewart-Bluefarb Syndrome)
Authors: König Adrian , Brüngger Andreas , Schnyder Urs W.
Published: October 2009

A case of acro-angiodermatitis with congenital arteriovenous fistulae (Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome) at the distal right foot in a young man is reported. The lesion evolved slowly from a small dark-red spot existing from birth. Besides mechanical disturbances the patient’s only symptoms were a warmer and somewhat bigger right foot compared to the left nonaffected side. He presented a circumscribed spongy, livid-red coloured angiomatous lesion at the upper part of the distal right foot, also involving the proximal parts of the three middle toes. The diagnosis was based on the clinical aspect and the findings by Doppler ultrasonographic and oscillographic examination. The transcutaneous oxygen pressure showed a marked hypoxia at the edge of the acro-angiodermatitis. Finally, arteriovenous fistulae were demonstrated by arteriography.
Psoriasis – 100 Years Ago
Authors: Holubar Karl
Published: October 2009

Psoriasis appears to be a very old disease. Notwithstanding that, it has been described as a clinical entity only in the early 19th century. By the end of that century, psoriasis comprised a spectrum of clinical variants which have remained almost unchanged since. And despite a wealth of new information on this disease, both etiology and pathogenesis are still elusive and a matter of discussion and controversy in our days. A perspective as to the state of the art 100 years ago is presented.
Percutaneous Absorption of Zinc from Zinc Oxide Applied Topically to Intact Skin in Man
Authors: Ågren Magnus S.
Published: October 2009

The penetration of zinc through normal skin treated with a zinc oxide (25%) medicated occlusive dressing was studied.The mean release rate of zinc to the skin was 5 μg/cm2/h. After 48 h of treatment suction blisters were raised by the« Kiistala method. The zinc concentration of the epidermis blister fluid and dermis was increased beneath the zinc dressing compared to control-treated skin. The study shows that zinc permeates intact human skin from topically applied zinc oxide in vivo.
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma
Authors: Miyamoto T. , Kambe N. , Nishiura S. , Mihara M. , Shimao S.
Published: October 2009

We present a patient with microcystic adnexal carcinoma. The lesion was an indurated plaque on the skin of the right upper lip of a 58-year-old woman which was slowly growing during 27 years. Carcinoembryonic antigen was immunoreactive in the luminal contents of the tumor ducts and in the cytoplasm of cells surrounding ducts. S-100 protein was positive in the cytoplasm of a few cells at the lower dermis. These observations suggested that this tumor was related to sweat glands. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed that tumor cells had features of eccrine ductal cells. These observations confirm that this tumor appeared at least capable of eccrine duct differentiation.
Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp in 2 Girls
Authors: Ramesh V.
Published: October 2009

Two girls with dissecting cellulitis of the scalp are described. In one Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the sinus discharge. Both patients were controlled with prolonged antibiotic therapy and periodic aspiration of the fluctuant lesions. Role of infection in perpetuating the condition is highlighted.
Thrombospondin Binding by Keratinocytes: Modulation under Conditions which Alter Thrombospondin Biosynthesis
Authors: Riser Bruce L. , Varani James , Nickoloff Brian J. , Mitra Raj S. , Dixit Vishva M.
Published: October 2009

Our recent studies have shown that thrombospondin (TSP) is a potent adhesion factor for normal human keratinocytes. Stimulation of adhesion is presumed to result from the binding of TSP to high-affinity receptors on the surface of responsive cells. The present study indicates that keratinocytes bind TSP in a receptor-like manner. Binding is time- and concentration-dependent saturable reversible and specific. Approximately 180 ng of TSP can be bound per 1 × 105 cells at saturation and half-maximal binding occurs at 22 nM. A series of monoclonal antibodies to various regions of the TSP molecule were examined for effects on TSP binding and TSP-induced adhesion. An antibody directed against the heparian-binding domain of the TSP molecule significantly inhibited TSP binding but had no effect on adhesion. In contrast, three antibodies which recognize epitopes in the 140-kDa fragment of the molecule inhibited both binding and adhesion. In a previous study we showed that treatment of keratinocytes with interferon-γ inhibited TSP production and inhibited adhesion under unstimulatedconditions as well as in response to TSP. The present study shows that interferon-γ also inhibits TSP binding by keratinocytes. When the data from the present study are taken together with our past data they suggest that normal human keratinocytes have the capacity to bind TSP and use this capacity to bind endogenously synthesized TSP. This provides a mechanism for utilizing the endogenously produced TSP to stimulate adhesion.
Immunogold Scanning Electron Microscopy Applied to the Study of Langerhans Cells Immunophenotype
Authors: Manara Gian Carlo , Soligo Davide , Lambertenghi-Deliliers Giorgio , Ferrari Corrado , De Panfilis Giuseppe
Published: October 2009

An immunogold technique in scanning electron microscopy was applied to the detection of Langerhans cell surface CD1a antigen in a heterogeneous human epidermal cell suspension. Scanning electron microscopy investigations performed in the secondary electron imaging mode and in the backscattered electron imaging mode allowed to define Langerhans cell surface morphology and the labeling degree, respectively. In particular, the backscattered electron imaging mode of the scanning electron microscope appeared very useful in identifying colloidal gold particles and, as a result, made it possible to make total counts of the labeled surface antigenic sites. Finally, the combination of secondary electron and backscattered electron signals generated mixed images with the Langerhans cell surface morphology well recognizable together with distinct gold particles. The immunogold labeling in scanning electron microscopy here described represents a highly sensitive method and yields a new improvement in the study of Langerhans cells immunophenotype.
Biological True and False Serological Tests for Syphilis: Their Relationship with Anticardiolipin Antibodies
Authors: Bernard C. , de Moerloose P. , Tremblet C. , Reber G. , Didierjean L.
Published: October 2009

Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were determined by an ELISA assay in 142 VDRL-positive patients who were classified in two groups: group I consisted of 77 patients with syphilis and group II of 65 patients with biological false-positive reaction in the standard test for syphilis. In group I 10% had ACA versus 52% in group II (p < 0.0001). Isotype distribution in group II showed a predominance of IgG. These results suggest that antiphospholipid antibodies in VDRL and ACA tests have different specificities.
Guttate Psoriasis Sparing Becker’s Melanosis – a Case Report
Authors: Weiss R.M. , Schulz E.J.
Published: October 2009

A young man with Becker’s melanosis developed typical guttate psoriasis following an attack of tonsillitis. The psoriatic lesions spared the area of melanosis, suggesting that there may be local factors within an area of Becker’s melanosis which inhibit the development of psoriasis.
Chronic Vulvar Purpura
Authors: Kato Taizo , Kuramoto Yoko , Tadaki Takayoshi , Hashimoto Kumiko , Tagami Hachiro
Published: October 2009

We described a 56-year-old Japanese woman with a long-standing asymptomatic vulvar purpuric lesion. Histological studies revealed massive hemorrhage, deposition of hemosiderin and a moderate lymphohistiocytic infiltration. We speculate that chronic intrapelvic congestion with increased venous pressure possibly due to abdominal ptosis played an important role in the pathomechanism for this persistent purpuric lesion of the vulva.
Periungual Porocarcinoma
Authors: Requena L. , Sánchez M. , Aguilar A. , Ambrojo P. , Yus Sánchez
Published: October 2009

We describe a patient who developed a porocarcinoma in the nail bed. His profession had exposed him to X-rays for many years resulting in chronic radiodermatitis of several digits on both hands. He displayed an ulcer in the lateral nail fold of the right third digit which extended into the nail bed. The histology of the lesion was consistent with malignant eccrine poroma. Porocarcinoma has not been previously published in this location and this tumor must be considered in differential diagnosis of subungual malignant tumors.
Histopathological Discriminant Criteria between Lichenoid Drug Eruption and Idiopathic Lichen planus: Retrospective Study on Selected Samples
Authors: Van den Haute V. , Antoine J.L. , Lachapelle J.M.
Published: October 2009

The lesions observed in 15 idiopathic lichen planus (ILP) skin biopsies were compared with those occurring in 15 clinically relevant lichenoid drug eruptions (LDE). Various histopathological features were taken into account. Statistical analysis of results showed that none of these can be considered as a significant criterium allowing a pathognomonic differential diagnosis between ILP and LDE. Nevertheless, a strong suggestion of drug etiology can be inferred when the following histopathological signs (‘LDE-related criteria’) are present: focal parakeratosis, focal interruption of the granular layer, cytoid bodies in the cornified and granular layers, present in more than 50% of LDE and never in ILP
Comparison of the Effects of Retinoids and Glucocorticosteroid on Protein and Type IV Collagen Synthesis in HT-1080 (Human Basement Membrane Forming Fibrosarcoma) Cells
Authors: Oikarinen A.
Published: October 2009

The effects of various retinoids and dexamethasone on protein and type IV collagen synthesis were studied in human basement membrane-forming fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cells. Retinol, etretinate (Ro-10–9359), free acid of etretinate (Ro-10–1670) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) in 10-7 M concentrations slightly reduced total protein and type IV collagen synthesis in the HT-1080 cells, the largest decrease being found with Ro-10-1670 and 13-cis-RA. In contrast, dexamethasone markedly stimulated the incorporation of [14C]proline and the synthesis of [14C]hydroxyproline, an index of the synthesis of type IVcollagen. Part of the increase noted in total protein synthesis and type IV collagen synthesis after dexamethasone was due to enhanced intracellular activity of proline. Retinoids did not markedly affect the specific activity of proline. The addition of 13-cis-RA with dexamethasone also increased total protein and type IV collagen synthesis, but to a lesser extent than did dexamethasone alone. 13-cis-RAdid not affect the synthesis of fibronectin, a component of connective tissue matrix, while dexamethasone clearly increased the absolute and relative synthesis of fibronectin. Thus the results indicate that retinoids modulate the metabolism of HT-1080 cells, in a way which is separate from that of glucocorticoids. It is also possible that retinoids used in vivo in clinical practice may modulate the metabolism of the connective tissue matrix of basement membranes, i.e. type IV collagen.
Histological and Rheological Grading of Cutaneous Sclerosis in Scleroderma
Authors: Piérard Gérald E.
Published: October 2009

We report a combined method using histology and determination of mechanical properties of skin allowing the grading of cutaneous sclerosis in morphea and acroscleroderma. Four parameters appeared useful, i.e. the evaluation of the skin thickness and of the fibrocyte density by morphometry as well as the measurement in vivo of the deformabihty and of the biologic elasticity of the skin. Such evaluations of the cutaneous changes occurring in scleroderma can be used to monitor therapy.
Phytohemagglutinin-Binding Sites in the Skin
Authors: Saida Toshiaki , Uhara Hisashi , Mikoshiba Hajime
Published: October 2009

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-binding sites were histochemically investigated in normal adult skin and various skin tumors using peroxidase-labeled lectin. In the normal skin, acrosyringium and distal portion of intradermal duct of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands were intensely stained with PHA. Other elements of the skin were virtually negative. Among various kinds of sweat gland tumors and other skin tumors, syringoma and eccrine porocarcinoma were intensely stained with PHA. Small ductal structures of nodular hidradenoma and mixed tumor of the skin were also stained with PHA. No other skin tumors were positive with PHA staining. The present study clearly showed that PHA is a useful histochemical marker of distal portion of eccrine and apocrine sweat ducts.
Hair Shafts in Epidermoid Cysts
Authors: Aloi Filippo G. , Tomasini Carlo F.
Published: October 2009

17 cases of epidermoid cysts with vellus hairs in their lumen are reported.The clinical diagnosis was usually cysts. In 12 cases the lesions were solitary and in 5 they were multiple, small and closely set. Microscopically, the findings of the wall were those of the epidermoid cyst containing in their lumen hair shafts of lanugo size.The solitary variety of these cysts can be considered as the solitary counterpart of the eruptive vellus hair cyst. Problems of differential diagnosis are discussed.
Granuloma Formation in Herpes Zoster Scars
Authors: Wright A.L. , Cotton D.W.K. , Winfield D.A. , Messenger A.G.
Published: October 2009

An 82-year-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed an erythematous papular eruption over the trunk. Lesions occurred at the site of scars related to a disseminated herpes zoster infection 3 months previously. Biopsy of a lesion showed granuloma formation. The rash resolved spontaneously over 6–8 weeks.
Calmodulin Inhibition by Anthralin
Authors: Wollina U. , Klinger R. , Wetzker R. , Knopf B.
Published: October 2009

Increased epidermal calmodulin (CaM) levels have been reported in psoriatic lesions. It has been suggested that CaM inhibition might be of relevance in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Therefore we investigated the possible CaM inhibition by the antipsoriatic drug anthralin in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, anthralin (0.44 mM) effects on the CaM-dependent Ca++-ATPase of CaM-depleted erythrocyte ghosts were assessed. At 100 μM Ca++ no enzyme inhibition was measured either in the presence or absence of CaM. At 2 μM Ca++ anthralin inhibited the CaM stimulation of membrane-bound ATPase for 50% in presence of CaM. For in vivo studies, skin biopsies were taken from anthralin-treated psoriatic lesions without scaling but still palpable infiltration during the first 3 weeks of therapy. Lesions with anthralin-induced irritation were excluded. The epidermal CaM level was determined by measuring the ability of soluble epidermal protein to activate the Ca++-ATPase in CaM-depleted erythrocyte ghosts. Epidermal CaM was 7.07 ± 4.57 (mean ± SD) μg CaM/mg soluble epidermal protein. This is a 6-fold increase compared to normal human epidermis and a 3-fold increase compared to nontreated lesional psoriatic epidermis (p < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). The results argue against CaM inhibition of psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes as the primary event in the antipsoriatic action of anthralin.
Steroid-Induced Dermal Atrophy
Authors: Lubach Dietrich , Bensmann Andreas , Bornemann Uwe
Published: October 2009

In this study several schedules of discontinuous application (DA) were tested, using various weak and strong topical corticosteroids (CS). The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of corticosteroids on skin thickness by means of a mechanical method. In a first experiment, betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate (Bet) and fluprednidene 21-acetate (Flu) were applied to the skin of the volar side of the forearm at a rhythm of 1:1 (1 day CS 1-day interval) and 1:2 under occlusive dressing. The investigation period was 8 weeks. For comparison, Bet and Flu were applied continuously (CA) for 3 weeks. Flu thinned the skin to a lesser extent than Bet. With DA the skin was thinned to the same extent as with CA. In a second experiment, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, betamethasone 17-valerate, desoxymethasone and hydrocortisone were tested. Here the treatment regimen was 5:9. The CS preparations were tested for 3 months on the volar side of the forearms under occlusive dressing. Skin thinning occurred during the 5 days of CS action and in the beginning receded again in the CS-free interval. However this regressive process became weaker each time. At the end of the experiment the skin thinning persisted. With the exception of hydrocortisone, all CS tested produced statistically significant skin thinning after DA. The results of the investigation presented here show that thinning of the skin must also be expected with discontinuous application of topical CS.
Fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne contractée en Suisse
Authors: Morier Patrick , Ruffieux Catherine
Published: October 2009

We report a case of a 33-year-old woman who presented a Mediterranean spotted fever with the classical triad of high fever, black ulcer at the inoculation site and maculopapular rash with palmo-plantar lesions.The diagnosis was confirmed by seroconversion.The particularity in this case is the fact that the disease was contracted in Switzerland, probably through the patient’s dog which left Portugal 2 years before the onset of the disease was declared.
Immunohistology of Genital Warts in Different Stages of Regression after Therapy with Interferon Gamma
Authors: Fierlbeck G. , Schiebel U. , Müller C.
Published: October 2009

Twenty patients with papillomavirus-induced genital warts received pulsatory treatment with interferon gamma by subcutaneous injections in the abdominal skin. The condylomata regressed completely in 11 of the 20 patients analyzed. Sequential biopsies taken from genital warts and nonlesional skin were investigated by immunohistological techniques with the use of monoclonal antibodies against differentiation and HLA antigens to evaluate immunological effector mechanisms of condylomata regression. In all responders regression was shown to be associated with increasing dermal and epidermal infiltrates of activated CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as with aberrant expression of HLA-DR and/or DY antigens on keratinocytes. Thus alteration of HLA class II antigen expression on keratinocytes in the presence of T lymphocytes is an important criterium for regression of genital warts.
Interleukin 1 Alpha and Beta in Psoriatic Skin: Enzymoimmunoassay, Immunoblot Studies and Effect of Systemic Retinoids
Authors: Gruaz Dominique , Didierjean Liliane , Grassi Jacques , Frobert Yveline , Dayer Jean-Michel , Saurat Jean-Hilaire
Published: October 2009

Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) proteins were studied by enzymoimmunoassay (EIA) and Immunoblot analysis in the 10,000 g supernatant of normal and psoriatic (lesional and nonlesional) human skin specimens. By EIA IL-1α was the principal form detected in all the specimens which contrasts with the predominance of IL-1β in human blood monocytes. In psoriatic plaques relatively less IL-1α and more IL-1β were detected. On Immunoblot analysis the mature form (17 kD) was not detected in normal skin, which showed only 52-kD immunoreactive forms. In contrast the 17-kD form was found in psoriatic skin. This indicates either a distinct processing of IL-1 molecules or a contribution of inflammatory cells infiltration to the IL-1 pool in psoriatic plaques. During systemic retinoids therapy the amount of both IL-1 species decreased in lesional and nonlesional psoriatic skin.
Significance of Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Related Antigen in Psoriasis and Generalized Eczema
Authors: Numahara Toshihiko , Nakashima Kuniyuki , Yamamoto Shinzi , Nishimoto Masayoshi
Published: October 2009

The serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-RAG) were assayed in 15 cases of benign dermatoses. The SCC-RAG titers (2.0 ng/ml as the cutoff value) were elevated in all cases of widespreading psoriasis (7 cases, 2.4–96.1 ng/ml) and all cases of generalized eczema (3 cases, 11.2–33.6 ng/ml). The serum SCC-RAG levels correlated with clinical course of these dermatoses. Therefore, the increase in this cancer-related antigen is not specific for SCC but may also occur in a wide range of dermatoses.
Nd:YAG Laser Therapy of an Oral Verrucous Leukoplakia
Authors: Landthaler M. , Brunner R. , Haina D.
Published: October 2009

A 75-year-old female patient afflicted with an extensive verrucous oral leukoplakia is reported. With treatment by the Nd:YAG laser under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, the disease could be kept under control for 4 years.
The Hapten in Contact Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Immunoelectron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies
Authors: Gawkrodger David J. , Haftek Marek , Botham Philip A. , Carr Mary M. , Spencer Mary-Jane , Ross James A. , Hunter John A.A. , Thivolet Jean
Published: October 2009

Six hours after challenge with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in sensitized volunteers, infrequent cells reacting with both OKT6 (CD 1a) and with an antibody to DNCB were demonstrated in the upper dermis in 3 out of 4 subjects, using a double fluorescence technique. Single marker studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB showed cytoplasmic reactivity with peripheral accentuation in keratinocytes throughout the epidermis, most intense in the granular and basal layers, and occasional positive cells in the papillary dermis. Immunoperoxidase electron microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB demonstrated reactivity on keratinocyte and Langerhans cell membranes, with intracellular deposition of reaction product on mitochondria. Reaction product was present on the external leaflets of Birbeck granules, suggesting that the penetration of DNCB was passive rather than due to an active endocytic process. The immunofluorescent studies suggest that the double-fluorescing upper dermal cells were Langerhans cells but this could not be confirmed by electron microscopy.
Acetylator Phenotype in Psoriasis
Authors: Jiménez-Nieto L.C. , Ladero J.M. , Fernández-Gundin M.J. , Robledo A.
Published: October 2009

Acetylator phenotype has been determined with sulfamethazine in 64 psoriatic patients and in 157 normal control subjects. Forty patients (62.5%) versus 90 control subjects (57.3%) were slow acetylators (p = NS). However, 81 % of the 27 patients with psoriatic siblings were slow acetylators (p < 0.05). Slow acetylator phenotype may be a genetic risk factor for the development of psoriasis.
Subungual Epidermoid Inclusions: Report of 8 Cases
Authors: Fanti Pier Alessandro , Tosti Antonella
Published: October 2009

Eight cases of subungual epidermoid cysts associated with distinctive nail abnormalities are reported. Toes and thumbs were the most frequent sites affected by this probably not rare condition. The most striking clinical features were subungual hyperkeratosis associated with shortened and dystrophic nail plate. A history of trauma was frequent. In all cases, the nail biopsy showed marked hyperplasia of the nail bed and epidermoid cysts in the dermis. The authors propose a new classification for subungual epidermoid cysts.
Inflammation and Immunity in Dermatophytosis
Authors: Tagami Hachiro , Kudoh Kazuhiro , Takematsu Hideaki
Published: October 2009

Infections by dermatophytes (dermatophytosis) naturally stimulate the immune system as in those by other microorganisms to induce various immunological phenomena. However, differing from other infections, the infecting organisms cannot become a direct target of antibody response or phagocytosis because they reside only in the barrier membrane of the body surface, i.e. in the stratum corneum.Thus, the immunity against dermatophytes is relative as compared with the absolute one noted in other infections such as measles and mumps. In dermatophytosis, a unique behavior of the epidermis as noted in contact dermatitis plays an important role in the defense against infection. Dermatitic changes induced by fungal products, particularly those due to contact sensitivity to a fungal antigen, trichophytin, enhance epidermopoiesis, which leads to increased turnover of the epidermis with their resultant elimination from the skin surface. Furthermore, the dermatophytes in the stratum corneum provoke transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis by generating chemotactic C5a anaphylatoxin in exudating serum via alternative complement pathway activation in addition to a release of low molecular weight chemotactic factors. Such neutrophilic migration with the formation of subcorneal pustules also enhances epidermal proliferation as in psoriasis.
Identification of Two Endogenous Neutrophil-Activating Peptides in Psoriatic Skin and Inflammatory Cells: C5ades arg and NAP
Authors: Christophers Enno , Schröder Jens-M. , Mrowietz Ulrich
Published: October 2009

Migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the upper layers of involved epidermis represents a characteristic feature of psoriasis. By analysis of psoriatic scale material we were able to identify two potent proinflammatory peptides, which are present in the upper epidermis from psoriatic lesions. Both factors (C5ades arg and NAP) show strong chemotactic activity for human neutrophils in vitro as well as in vivo. Whereas C5ades arg is a known mediator activated by either alternative or classical activation of the complement cascade, NAP represents a newly detected peptide with a molecular weight of 8,000 daltons which is produced by a variety of cells participating in the psoriatic tissue reaction.
Assessment of the Activation Pathways of the Complement in Psoriatic Patients by Use of Complement Fragment C4d and Bb Measurements
Authors: Takematsu H. , Tagami H.
Published: October 2009

We have measured the complement fragment C4d and Bb levels in the plasma of 51 psoriatic patients and 54 normal controls. The C4d and Bb levels were not significantly elevated in the plasma of the psoriatic patients when compared with those of controls, except in patients with more than 60% skin involvement who exhibited an increase in Bb levels. C4d levels, however, did decrease slightly after successful treatment of psoriasis. Although these results suggest that the C4d and Bb levels partly reflect the complement activation in vivo, they do not seem to be suitable parameters to clarify the mechanism of complement activation in psoriasis.
Chemotactic Factors for Macrophages Produced in Inflamed Skin
Authors: Kambara Takeshi , Tsuruta Junji , Yamamoto Tetsuro
Published: October 2009

A newly discovered macrophage-chemotactic factor (MCFS-1) was extracted and purified (488-fold) from skin sites of guinea pigs showing delayed hypersensitivity to bovine γ-globulin. MCFS-1 is a heat-labile glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 150,000, consisting of two polypeptide chains. It has in vivo as well as in vitro chemotactic activity for macrophages and shared 50% of the chemotactic activities for macrophages in the extract. It is produced by limited proteolysis of endogenous trypsin-like protease(s) of plasma precursor protein (Pre-MCFS-1). Enzyme immunohistochemistry reveals that Pre-MCFS-1 is produced in the liver and distributed in the normal skin as a proinflammatory factor. ELISA reveals that the concentrations of the factor are: 140 μg/ml in plasma, 7.1 μg/ml in inflamed skin extract, and 2.8 μg/ml in normal skin extract.
From Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis to Leukotriene B4 – Chemistry, Biology and Functional Significance of Eosinophil Chemotactic Leukotrienes in Dermatology
Authors: Czarnetzki Beate Maria , Rosenbach Thomas
Published: October 2009

The present paper examines evidence for the identity of low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) and of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its metabolites. Total congruity between the two entities is found regarding (1) cells of origin; (2) conditions for in vitro generation and pharmacological modulation; (3) physicochemical properties; (4) in vitro chemotaxis towards human monocytes, fibroblasts and guinea pig eosinophils; (5) in vivo activities in humans, and (6) occurrence of the factors in various dermatological diseases. Quantitative differences were observed only for in vitro neutrophil migration which may be due to neutrophil chemotactic mono-HETEs and possibly platelet activating factor in the ECF preparations. The name ECF should therefore be replaced by LTB4 and its metabolites, as has happened for SRS which is now called LTC4/D4.
Role of Bradykinin in Exudative Reactions of Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Tsurufuji Susumu , Kumakura Seiichiro
Published: October 2009

This study was done with the aid of experimental models of inflammation provoked in air pouch, which was made subcutaneously on the back of rats, by applying a carrageenin solution or a suspension of kaolin in a carboxymethylcellulose solution as an irritant. Bradykinin in the inflammatory sites, determined by an enzyme immunoassay method, were comparatively high in the earliest stage of inflammation in both the models and responsible for the exudative reactions. With the passage of time, i.e. within 20 min in the case of kaolin and 120 min in carrageenin, tissue kininase entered the inflammatory site and reduced bradykinin to a very low level, though bradykinin was still being generated very actively. In this later stage, bradykinin collaborates with prostaglandin to bring about a significant increase in the vascular permeability.
Jessner and Kanof’s Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin: A Familial Variant
Authors: Ashworth J. , Morley W.N.
Published: October 2009

We describe an otherwise healthy mother and son who have developed Jessner/Kanof’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. This is the first description of this condition occurring in a parent and child in this fashion.
Flow Cytometry of Fibroblasts Cultured from Skin of Patients with Localized Scleroderma
Authors: Kähäri V.-M. , Eerola E. , Vuorio E.
Published: October 2009

Fibroblast cultures were initiated from affected and unaffected skin sites of 6 patients with localized scleroderma. Two of the affected cell lines exhibited more than threefold increases in procollagen production and mRNA levels. All the cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect a possible heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblast cultures which could explain the production of excessive amounts of collagen. No evidence of a subpopulation responsible for elevated collagen production was detected using cytoplasmic dot hybridization of cells fractionated by flow cytometry. When compared with the nonaffected controls, all the cell lines from affected skin areas of scleroderma patients were found to exhibit a lower level of cellular autofluorescence, suggesting an alteration in metabolic activity. The results show that the heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblasts that was found in vivo is lost when the cells are cultured.
Endothelial Collagen Pockets in Angiosarcomas
Authors: Bourlond A. , Marcoux C.
Published: October 2009

In the most malignant areas of angiosarcomas, collagen bundles impinge on the endothelial cells, sink into ‘collagen pockets’ that migrate throughout the cytoplasm and build up cord-like bridges within the lumen.
Efficacy of Mupirocin 2% Ointment in Skin Infections: Belgian Prospective Open Multicenter Study
Authors: de la Brassinne M. , De Bersaques J. , Vossaert K. , Degreef H. , De Boulle K. , Delescluse J. , Dinet Y. , Dockx P. , Matthieu L. , Lachapelle J.M. , Tennstedt D. , Roseeuw D. , Suys D.
Published: October 2009

Seven Belgian dermatology clinics participated in a multicenter study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of mupirocin ointment in the treatment of primary and secondary skin infections. 116 patients were enrolled in the study. Clinical assessment was possible in 110 patients, bacteriological assessment in 106. Clinical success rates were 93.3 and 90.8% for primary and secondary infections, respectively. Correspondingly, bacteriological eradication or complete healing was achieved in 97.7 and 87.1%, respectively. Side effects were mild and limited to 1 case of burning sensation and 1 case of stinging.
A Large-Scale RNAi Screen Identifies Deaf1 as a Regulator of Innate Immune Responses in Drosophila
Authors: Kuttenkeuler David , Pelte Nadège , Ragab Anan , Gesellchen Viola , Schneider Lena , Blass Claudia , Axelsson Elin , Huber Wolfgang , Boutros Michael
Published: October 2009

Innate immune signalling pathways are evolutionarily conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. The analysis of NF-ĸB signalling in Drosophila has contributed important insights into how organisms respond to infection. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how the activation of intracellular signalling elicits specific transcriptional programs. Here we report a genome-wide RNA interference survey for transcription factors that are required for Toll-dependent immune responses. In addition to the NF-ĸB homologs Dif, Dorsal and factors of the general transcription machinery, we identified Deformed Epidermal Autoregulatory Factor 1 (Deaf1) to be required for the expression of the Toll target gene Drosomycin in cultured cells and in Drosophila in vivo. We show that Deaf1 is required for the survival of flies after fungal, but not E. coli, infection. We determine that Deaf1 acts downstream of the NF-ĸB factors Dorsal and Dif. These results indicate that Deaf1 is an important contributor to innate immune responses in vivo.
Lack of Type VII Collagen in Unaffected Skin of Patients with Severe Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Bruckner-Tuderman Leena , Rüegger Silvia , Odermatt Bernhard , Mitsuhashi Yoshihiko , Schnyder Urs W.
Published: October 2009

Type VII collagen, the major structural component of the anchoring fibrils, was assayed in normal unaffected skin of patients with different forms of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa. Immunofluorescence staining with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to type VII collagen revealed a complete absence of staining in the skin of patients with severe dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa. In all other forms, localized recessive dystrophic, dominant dystrophic, junctional and simplex forms there was an intense continuous linear staining of type VII collagen at the dermoepidermal junction. Also, obligate heterozygote carriers of the gene for severe dystrophic recessive form showed a normal pattern of staining. As internal controls and to define the clinical diagnosis, staining with antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin and bullous pemphigoid antigen was also performed. All these antibodies showed a normal staining pattern indicating an intact general morphology of the dermoepidermal junction zone. These results suggest that there is a defect of type VII collagen in patients with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. The data also suggest that the group of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa may be heterogeneous not only clinically, but also at the molecular level.
Cutis marmorata congenita telangiectatica
Authors: Broeckx W. , Ledoux-Corbusier M. , Delescluse J.
Published: October 2009

A case of cutis marmorata congenita telangiectatica is reported. While classical histology showed no alterations, an electron-microscopic study revealed a peculiar multiplication of pericytes round the capillaries.
Reactivity of Human Keratinocytes with the Antimonocytic Monoclonal Antibody Anti-Leu M2
Authors: Niedecken H. , Biltz H. , Bauer R. , Kreysel H.W.
Published: October 2009

Skin biopsies from 49 patients with 21 different dermatoses and biopsies of normal skin were investigated with regard to the reactivity of keratinocytes with the monoclonal antimonocytic antibody anti-Leu M2 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In all excisates, a cytoplasmic reaction of keratinocytes was seen which was regularly weaker in the basal layers of the epidermis than in the upper layers. Marked differences in the labelling intensity were shown between the individual dermatoses. Keratinocytes have now been shown to react with several monoclonal antibodies directed against monocytic antigens; therefore the functional significance of this should be discussed.
Acitretin (Ro 10-1670, Etretin): Overall Evaluation of Clinical Studies
Authors: Geiger J.-M. , Czarnetzki B.M.
Published: October 2009

Acitretin (Ro 10-1670, etretin) is the free acid derivative of etretinate. This compound possesses a much shorter half-life of elimination than etretinate and was therefore proposed for clinical development. A total of 635 patients with various dermatoses were studied in 12 main clinical trials performed in Europe and in the United States. It was shown that acitretin is effective in the treatment of psoriasis and other diseases of keratinization. Doses between 25 and 35 mg per day are recommended to initiate treatment since marked improvement or clearing was obtained in the majority of patients within this range. Hypervitaminosis A signs and symptoms have been observed in patients treated with acitretin. It is concluded that the efficacy and safety profile of acitretin resembles that of etretinate.
Localized Nonscarring Bullous Pemphigoid of the Vagina
Authors: Haustein Uwe-Frithjof
Published: October 2009

Here we report on a 60-year-old female patient suffering from multiple erosive inflammatory lesions of the vagina for 2 years. Subepidermal blister in the histological examination, deposits of IgG and C3 in the direct immunofluorescence studies and the basement membrane zone antibody titers between 80 and 320 have confirmed the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. The lesions responded to treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine fairly well. There have been no signs of scarring till now.
Immunohistological Evaluation of Endothelial Markers and Basement Membrane Components in Port-Wine Stains
Authors: Mitsuhashi Y. , Odermatt B.F. , Schneider B.V. , Schnyder U.W.
Published: October 2009

As shown by an immunohistological study, the endothelial cells in the lesions of port-wine stains (PWSs), investigated for factor VΠI-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin, were found to be swollen or flattened corresponding to mild or pronounced dilatation of vessels, respectively. Furthermore, dilated vessels in the lesional skin exhibited a broader staining for type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin, which, however, was not considered to be of primary pathogenetic importance for vessel dilatation in PWSs. As concluded from the number of vessels, no vascular proliferation occurred, which indicates that PWS is not a true hemangioma but a special clinical type of telangiectasia.
Morphological and Flow-Cytometric Characterization of a Trichilemmoid Carcinoma Cell Line in vitro
Authors: Katsuoka K. , Schell H. , Hornstein O.P. , Deinlein E.
Published: October 2009

A cell line derived from a trichilemmoid carcinoma of a 85-year-old male was established in vitro and maintained in culture for 14 months. From the explant culture to the second passage, the tumour cells propagated slowly. After 6 months (third passage) faster growth behaviour was noticed. In culture the neoplastic cells continued synthesizing abundant glycogen. The DNA histogram of original neoplastic cells revealed a seemingly normal unimodal DNA distribution. The tumour DNA remained apparently stable during the subsequent months in culture. However, after 6 months in culture, flow cytometry disclosed a spontaneous shift in nuclear DNA content. This study enabled us to establish in vitro the malignant properties of the tumour and strongly suggested that it was derived from trichilemmal cells.
Parenteral Interferon-Alpha Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Neumann Reinhard , Pohl-Markl Helga , Aberer Elisabeth
Published: October 2009

12 patients suffering from psoriasis were given recombinant interferon (IFN)-alpha-2c at a daily dosage of 2.5 × 106 or 5 × 106 IU for up to 4 weeks by the intramuscular route. One patient showed complete regression and remained free of lesions after 12 months of follow-up. Three patients were judged as partial remission with stop of scale formation and flattening of skin lesions. No beneficial effect was seen in 8 patients. Side effects due to IFN-alpha application, such as fever, headache, malaise, and chills disappeared with subsequent treatments. Our findings suggest a possible positive effect of IFN-alpha in psoriasis.
Light- and Electron-Microscopic Findings in Lichen sclerosus of the Vulva during Etretinate Treatment
Authors: Romppanen U. , Rantala I. , Lauslahti K. , Reunala T.
Published: October 2009

Fifteen women with lichen sclerosus (LS) of the vulva were treated for 3 months with 0.6 mg/kg of etretinate. The clinical response was good in 11/15 of the patients and, in agreement with this, light microscopy showed decreasing atrophy and hyperkeratosis together with subsiding inflammatory changes. However, orcein staining demonstrated that even after etretinate treatment, elastic fibers were still absent in the upper dermis with only few fibers being detectable in some specimens. Conventional electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy were used to examine these changes more in detail. Antiserum to the microfibrillar part of the elastic fibers confirmed that only remnants of microfibrillar coat persisted in the upper dermis and that deeper in the dermis, elastic fibers were porous and fragmented. These findings demonstrate that despite the normalization of clinical and certain histological parameters during etretinate treatment, the initial elastic fiber damage persists both at the light- and electronmicroscopic levels.
Antigenic Thymus-Epidermis Relationships
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Zambruno Giovanna , Staquet Marie-Jeanne , Dezutter-Dambuyant Colette , Ohrt Christiane , Brochier Jean , Thivolet Jean
Published: October 2009

We have investigated on human skin the reactivity of a panel of 42 anti-thymus monoclonal antibodies (MCA) supplied by the Third International Workshop and Conference on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens, Oxford, 1986. MCA of the first cluster of differentiation (CD1) define a group of surface molecules expressed by cortical thymocytes. Some of them (OKT6, M241 and Na1/34) have been shown to react in normal human skin with the epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). Twenty-two CD1 MCA were investigated in the present study. On normal human skin, 13 MCA reacted with LC in situ. This result suggests and confirms the heterogeneity of CD1 MCA. Recently, some of them were shown to recognize biochemically different molecules and/or epitopes of thymocytes. In addition, 20 anti-thymic epithelium MCA were tested on human skin. The MCA which only reacted with the thymic epithelial cell network (except Hassall’s corpuscles) decorated only the epidermal basal cell layer. The MCA which reacted with all the thymic epithelial cells (including Hassall’s corpuscles) decorated all the epidermal cell layers. These results confirm the heterogeneity of the thymic epithelial microenvironment and underline the antigenic similarities between the thymic epithelial structures and the different epidermal cell layers. The existence of bone-marrow-derived CD1-positive cells (thymocytes or LC) in an epithelial cell network (the thymus and the epidermis) focus the speculation around the immunological role of the epidermal basal cell layer in the T cell education and the exact lineage of the epidermal LC.
Expression of OKM5 Antigen on Human Keratinocytes in Positive Intracutaneous Tests for Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
Authors: Simon, Jr. Miklós , Hunyadi János
Published: October 2009

Antigenic characteristics of human keratinocytes (HK) were studied in positive intracutaneous tests for delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo using murine monoclonal antibodies against human OKM5, OKM1, OKT6, Leu-7 and HLA-DR antigens and compared with those of negative skin reactions. By contrast to negative intracutaneous tests, keratinocytes displayed both OKM5 and HLA-DR antigens in all positive skin reactions above the dermal inflammatory infiltrate. OKM5 recognizes an 88-kilodalton cell surface determinant of monocytes, which could also be induced in vitro in keratinocytes upon incubation with γ-interferon. We demonstrate here for the first time that the expression of this macrophage marker can also be induced in vivo in the HK.
Differential Virulence of Herpes simplex Virus Intratypic Strains
Authors: Heard Hillary K. , Kasbarian Charles M. , Smith Edgar B.
Published: October 2009

Many events determine the severity, duration, and predisposition to recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. In addition to the various host immune responses, such as local, humoral, and cellular immunity, which influence the outcome of infection and subsequent development of disease, evidence is also accumulating to suggest that intratypic strains of HSV may also play an important role in the outcome, depending on the degree of virulence each strain exhibits. Since it has been suggested that each individual is initially infected and colonized with a strain of virus whose characteristic virulence or avirulence will determine the type of HSV disease that individual will experience, it is suggested that intratypic strains should be considered an important variable in recurrent HSV disease.
Homoeopathic versus Conventional Therapy for Atopic Eczema in Children: Medical and Economic Results
Authors: Witt Claudia M. , Brinkhaus Benno , Pach Daniel , Reinhold Thomas , Wruck Katja , Roll Stephanie , Jäckel Tanja , Staab Doris , Wegscheider Karl , Willich Stefan N.
Published: October 2009

Background: One of five children visiting a homoeopathic physician is suffering from atopic eczema. Objective: To examine the effectiveness, safety and costs of homoeopathic versus conventional treatment in usual care. Methods: In a prospective multicentre comparative observational non-randomised study, 135 children (homoeopathy n = 48 vs. conventional n = 87) with mild to moderate atopic eczema were included. The primary outcome was the SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) at 6 months. Further outcomes at 6 and 12 months also included quality of life of parents and children, use of conventional medicine, treatment safety and disease-related costs. Results: The adjusted SCORAD showed no significant differences between the groups at both 6 months (homoeopathy 22.49 ± 3.02 [mean ± SE] vs. conventional 18.20 ± 2.31, p = 0.290) and 12 months (17.41 ± 3.01 vs. 17.29 ± 2.31, p = 0.974). Adjusted costs were higher in the homoeopathic than in the conventional group: for the first 6 months EUR 935.02 vs. EUR 514.44, p = 0.026, and for 12 months EUR 1,524.23 vs. EUR 721.21, p = 0.001. Quality of life was not significantly different between both groups. Conclusion: Taking patient preferences into account, homoeopathic treatment was not superior to conventional treatment for children with mild to moderate atopic eczema.