bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mu‘tazilah and the Modernization of the Indonesian Muslim Community: Intellectual Portrait of Harun Nasution
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: June 2014

Harun Nasution was born on 23rd September 1919 in Southern Tapanuli, North Sumatra and came from an elite family of his region. HIs father, Abdul Jabbar Ahmad, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca when he was very young. When he grew up he become successful trader, or more precisely an importer of some commodities from Singapore. It was a rare phenomenon in a colonial times for an Indonesian native to become a successful trader.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i1.868
Dawr al-Mu’assasat al-Tarbawīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Taqlīdīyah fī Ta‘mīm al-Ta‘līm al-Asāsī fī Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Dhofier Zamakhsyari
Published: June 2014

Pesantren are Islamic educational institution unique to Indonesia. After developing into a modern Islamic educational institutions, now boarding summarizes Islamic education: education using Western methods and the national education system. Prior to 1989, there is a duality in the national education system. Public education institutions are adopting modern Western education in the field of science and technology under the Ministry of Education and Culture (Department of Education), while religious institutions, including boarding schools, under the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA). But once it has started early steps are required to compromise the two patterns of educational institutions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.857
Building Inter-Religious Tolerance among Indonesians Interview with Minister of Religious Affairs Tarmizi Taher
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro
Published: June 2014

The relationship between religion and state has influenced all of Indonesian society. Within the Indonesia context, these relationships have undergone several changes and created certain modes from time to time. During the Old Order, pre-1965, religion generally had a strained relationship with the state. The idea of an Islmaic state, as propossed by some Muslim politicans was partly responsible for creating such a situation. Muslims were divided into fractions between those supportive to this idea and these who were not. In the mean time, other parties suspected these divided Muslim of having threatened their posotions as members of this nation. As a result, a traumatic experience was born from the conflict.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.860
A Javanese Response to Islamic Identity
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro
Published: June 2014

New Order government emphasized political stability for the sake of economic development. This is partly characterized by political expediency "floating mass" (floating mass), in which political parties are only allowed to have administrators at the district level, not up to the district level, let alone the countryside. The big change is the policy of depoliticization over the rural communities, and seems to affect the polarization of religious life in the countryside.This paper attempts to explain how the impact of mass depoliticization of the polarization of religious life, santri-abangan, in the countryside. Then, if the dichotomous categories of students-abangan to understand religious life in Java still relevant.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.861
Identitas Negara-Bangsa dan Kebangkitan Islam:Perbandingan Malaysia dan Indonesia
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: June 2014

Started writing, Nash describes an event that took the surrender of the armed struggle of fifteen years by claiming around 40,000 people, the struggle pursued by the Darul Islam (DI)-metaphor-led Islamic state Kartosuwiryo (1905-1962). DI is based on the struggle of Islam and not much is known of the international community was taking place long before the concept of "Islamic fundamentalism" known among journalists or academicsDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.862
Muhammadiyah: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: June 2014

This article is a collection of Bibliography reviewer that discuss Muhammadiyah. The following are some of the bibliography were reviewed:A.R. Sukrianta dan Abdul Munir Malkhan, Perkembangan Pemikiran Muhammadiyah dari Masa ke Masa: Menyambut Muktamar ke-41, (Yogyakarta: Dua Dimensi, 1985).A.R. Sukriyanto dan Abdul Munir Mulkhan, Pergumulan Pemikiran dalam Muhammadiyah, (Yogyakarta: Sipress, 1990).Ruslan Abdul Gani. et.al., Cita dan Citra Muhammadiyah, (Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1985).M.T. Arifin, Gagasan Pembaharuan Muhammadiyah, (Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1987).M.T. Arifin, Muhammadiyah: Potret yang Berubah, (Surakarta: Institut Gelanggang Pemikiran Filsafat Sosial Budaya dan Kependidikan, 1990).M. Yusron Asrofie, Kiyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan, Pemikiran dan Kepemimpinannya, (Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta Offset, 1983).Fathurrahman Djamil, Ijtihad Muhammadiyah dalam Masalah-masalah Fiqh Kontemporer, (Jakarta: Doctoral Dissertation the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN), 1994).Yunahar Ilyas. et.al., Muhammadiyah dan NU: Reorientasi Wawasan Keislaman, (Yogyakarta: LPPI UMY, LKPSM NU, & PP al-Muhsin, 1993).Musthafa kamal, Chusnan Yusuf, dan Rosyad Sholeh, Muhammadiyah sebagai Gerakan Islam, (Yogyakarta: Penerbit Persatuan, 1976).M. Rusli Karim, Muhammadiyah dalam Kritik dan Komentar, (Jakarta: Rajawali, 1986).Arbiyah Lubis, Pemikiran Muhammadiyah dan Muhammad Abduh: Suatu Studi Perbandingan, (Jakarta: Doctoral Dissertation the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN), 1989).Abdul Munir Mulkhan, Pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Dahlan dan Muhammadiyah dalam Perspektif Perubahan Sosial, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1990).Abdul Munir Mulkhan, Pak AR Menjawab 245 Permasalahan dalam Islam, (Yogyakarta: Sipress, 1990).M. Din Syamsuddin, Muhammadiyah Kini dan Esok, (Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1990).H.S. Prodjokusumo, Melestarikan Muhammadiyah, (Jakarta: Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, 1985).Yusuf Abdullah Puar, Perjuangan dan Pengabdian Muhammadiyah, (Jakarta: Pustaka Antara, 1989).Sahlan Rosidi, Kemuhammadiyahan untuk Perguruan Tinggi, (Solo: Penerbit Mutiara, 1982).Usman Yatim dan Almisar Hamid, Muhammadiyah dalam Sorotan, (Jakarta: Bina Rena Pariwara, 1993).The Central Committee of Muhammadiyah, Mengkaji Muhammadiyah, (Jakarta: 1982).The Central Committee of Muhammadiyah, Menuju Muhammadiyah, (Yogyakarta: 1984). DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.863
History, Political Images and Cultural Encounter: The Dutch in the Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Abdullah Taufik
Published: June 2014

In this article, the author describes how the inhabitants of the archipelago, since the first relationship with the Netherlands at the end of the 16th century AD to the present, developing an overview of the various foreign entrants. Various picture developed among the natives of the strangers of particular interest because it reflects the understanding of their relationship with the Dutch settlers. The picture serves as a means to make other people more intelligible to the stranger. The picture also serves as a tool to make the relationship with the stranger seemed more acceptable. Because knowledge of the indigenous population of the Netherlands is increasing, the nature of their relationship with the Netherlands is changing.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.848
Between Mosque and Market: the Muslim Community in Quiapo, Metro Manila
Authors: Kuntowijoyo Kuntowijoyo
Published: June 2014

The Muslim community is a minority part of the entire Filipino nation. Census 1975 showed that their population is only about 5 percent of the entire population of this country. Most Muslim communities lived in Southern provinces: the islands of Mindanao, Sulu, Basilan, Palawan, Balabac, Tawi-tawi and so on. Linguistically and ethnically, they are composed of Maguindanao, Marano, Iranos, Sangir, Kalagon, and Samal. History shows that the Muslim community is always involved in the struggle against foreign powers, such as Spain, the United States, Japan, and other tribes in the Philippines alone. To form the Philippines, even now, they continue to engage in the struggle to free themselves.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.849
Al-Islām wa al-Pancasila fī Daw’i Kifāh Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Authors: Haidar Ali
Published: June 2014

Since the adoption of Pancasila as the sole basis for any socio-political organization (orsospol) and community organizations (CBOs) by the government, the debate about the relationship between Islam and the state of Indonesia, especially between Islam and Pancasila, is considered complete. At least there is no Islamic group that openly contradicting Islam with Pancasila. Even acceptance of Pancasila as the sole foundation Indonesian nation and state has been regarded by some as the final decision.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.850
Hamka (1908-1981) and the Integration of the Islamic Ummah of Indonesia
Authors: Steenbrink Karel
Published: June 2014

Islam is a unifying factor at the same time breaking in Indonesian history. Based on historical records, the conversion of Islam in Indonesia starts from kingdoms located in coastal areas. This conversion greatly benefit the kingdom, with which they can access a wider trade network which already controlled by Muslims. This conversion process can then unify the Malay traders origin, Java, and their other competitors. But with the entry of traders into the new religion beaches, hinterland connections with the merchant becomes tenuous. The situation may ultimately culminated into a dispute. In the Sumatra area, which is pretty much known example is the Padri war and the Islamization of the southern part of the Batak.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.851
The Muhammadiyah and the Theory of Maqasid al-Shari'ah
Authors: Jamil Fathurrahman
Published: June 2014

Muhammadiyah is an organizational and socio-religious movements in Indonesia related to the reform (tajdid) Islam in general and Islamic law in particular. For Muhammadiyah, tajdid has a double meaning: the reform and modernization. To run tajdid correctly, according to the Muhammadiyah need to use the power of the mind in accordance with ijtihad. Muhammadiyah view that ijtihad can be done on the issues that have not been defined by the Qur'an and Sunnah explicitly and also to the problems that have been defined by these two sources.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i1.841
Mohammad Iqbal, al-Ḥaḍarah al-Gharbīyah wa Qaḍayā al-Tajdīd
Authors: Al-Nadwi Salahuddin
Published: June 2014

Mohammad Iqbal regarded as one of the most important thinkers of India during the turn of the century. He was born in 1873 in Siyalkote, India. Iqbal came from prominent families and religious. Her father is an educated and progressive figure for the size of the community in his day. Rather than send their children to traditional schools, he would prefer a new school Iqbal entered the English language. Towards Iqbal graduated from high school, his father encouraged him to get into a state university in Lahore, where Iqbal completed Bachelor level (BA) in 1897. He specializes in the field of literary Arabic, Persian, and Islamic Studies under the guidance of Shaykh Meer Hassan, a famous intellectual in India.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i1.845
The Muhammadiyyah Da‘wah and Allocative Politics in the New Order Indonesia
Authors: Syamsuddin M. Din
Published: June 2014

The change of political Islam to proselytizing is the result of cultural introspection, which is a result of the unbalanced relationship between Islam and the state: Islam is at the inferior position while the country is in a superior position. The Islamic position by itself limit the range of motion activities to perform publicly. Meanwhile, the superiority of the state, much less to encourage Muslims to present themselves in ways more subtle and careful. This inequality then gave birth to a form of political practice other: allocative politics. Here the political activity emerged as an attempt to enter the values ​​of Islam into the political development process based on the results of a national consensus ideology: Pancasila. Thus, it could mean repolitisasi allocative political Islam within the framework of Pancasila.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i2.834
Islam and the State in Indonesia: Munawir Sjadzali and Development of a New Theological Underpinning of Political Islam
Authors: Effendy Bahtiar
Published: June 2014

The relationship between Islam and the state is one of the complex issues in Indonesia. Since the beginning of independence, the debate on Islam and the country has a lot of coloring the history of this nation. Most Indonesian Muslims are eager remedy make Islam the state religion and ideology. This desire has repeatedly attempted, but always failed. Both non-Muslims and most Muslims do not want Islam serve as the official state religion and ideology underlying system state. History proves that both parties have always managed to ward off the desire first.Even so, it does not mean the struggle among Muslims who want Islam as a state ideology has been stopped by the failure. Efforts in that direction continue to be run by the figures from the beginning wanted a formalization of Islam in the state system. At the beginning of the New Order, some of the fight for the restoration of Islamic parties that dissolved during the reign of Indonesia's first president Sukarno. They also want the implementation of the Jakarta Charter which clearly guarantees the existence of Islam in the country.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i2.836
Al-Naz‘ah al-Khārijīyah fī Afkāri wa Ḥarakāti al-Shaykh Ahmad Rifā‘i bi Kālī Sālāk
Authors: Sa'ad Muhlisin
Published: June 2014

Rifa'i is a 'scholar who spent over 20 years old to study in the Middle East, particularly in Mecca and Cairo. Upon returning from the Middle East, Rifa'i settled in Kaliwungi, Kendal, Central Java. There he devote attention to teaching religious sciences as well write the book. He also actively engage students and the general public to raise awareness of the socio-religious people in order to erode the moral crisis is the result of the work of the Dutch colonial behavior. To that end, Ahmad Rifa'i critique of the colonial government and also the traditional feudal aristocracy became agents.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i2.837
Karakter Literatur Indonesia tentang al-Qur’ān
Authors: Syafruddin Didin
Published: June 2014

This article is a review of the book "Popular Indonesian Literature of the Qur'an" by Howard M. Federspiel (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1994).This book is the first work written by Howard M. Federspiel, professor of political science, Ohio State University. Since his studies at McGill University, the development of Indonesian Islam has become a concern. He wrote his Ph.D. dissertation at the University of the Unity of Islam (Persis), one of the Indonesian Islamic reformist organizations that emphasize movement purification. Numerous works have also been published in various scientific journals with regard to the issue of Islam in modern Indonesia. Among these "Sukarno and His Muslim apologist", "The Political and Social Language of Indonesian Muslims: The Case of Al-Moslem", "An Introduction to Qur'anic Commentaries in Contemporary Southeast Asia". His work is still relatively new Muslim Intellectual and National Development in Indonesia. While the Popular Indonesian Literature of the Qur'an which will be discussed below is his latest work.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i2.839
Melacak Pengaruh dan Pergeseran Orientasi Tamatan Kairo
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: June 2014

In the last view years there have emerged some new tendencies in studying Muslim societies. One of the most important of these is the study of religio-cultural exchange among the various Muslim societies in the world. There is a little doubt that this kind of study is both interesting and challenging. It involves not only a form of comparative study of the Muslim societies have influenced each other in the course of history.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i3.832
Різноманіття угруповань герпетобію балки тунельна м. Дніпропетровськ
Authors: Brygadyrenko V. V. , Faly L. I. , Yakimets K. G.
Published: June 2014

Досліджено видовий склад фауни підстилкових безхребетних 10 антропогенно трансформованих екосистем на території балки Тунельна (південно-західна частина Дніпропетровська, Україна). Коротко охарактеризовано рослинний покрив пробних ділянок, проаналізовано таксономічну та екоморфічну структури, індекси біологічного різноманіття угруповань підстилкових безхребетних тварин. Охарактеризовано види безхребетних тварин балки Тунельна, занесені до Червоних книг України та Дніпропетровської області. Підкреслюється цінність обстеженої території для охорони рідкісних і зникаючих видів тварин, пропонується створити та території балки новий об’єкт природ­но-заповідного фонду
Бактеріальні біоплівки. Quorum sensing – «відчуття кворуму» у бактерій в біоплівках
Authors: Vorobey E. S. , Voronkova O. S. , Vinnikov A. I.
Published: June 2014

Наведено дані про біоплівки, їх структуру та властивості, особливості формування та взаємодії мікроорганізмів у плівці. Розкрито питання відкриття та вивчення біоплівок, показано значущість біоплівок у медичній і клінічній мікробіології. Наведені дані дозволяють інтерпретувати біоплівку як форму існування нормальної мікрофлори організму. Для обміну інформацією в межах біоплівки між окремими клітинами одного або різних видів бактерії використовують сигнальні молекули системи Quorum sensing. Координація різних видів активності бактеріальних клітин у складі біоплівок забезпечує їм значні переваги: у біоплівках бактерії виявляються захищеними від дії захисних факторів господаря та антибактеріальних препаратів.
Макрозообентос придунайского оз. Кривое в условиях антропогенного воздействия
Authors: Dzhurtubaev Y. M. , Dzhurtubaev M. M.
Published: June 2014

Летом 2009 г. изучен макрозообентос придунайского озера Кривое, расположенного в Одес­ской области. Обнаружено 26 видов губок, кольчатых червей, ракообразных, насекомых, брюхоногих и двустворчатых моллюсков. В верховье и средней части озера найдено по 24 вида, в низовье – 9. Наибольшей численностью характеризуются олигохеты, личинки стрекоз и хирономид (до 300 экз./м²), наибольшей биомассой – брюхоногие моллюски (до 17,0 г/м²). Максимальная численность макрозообентоса – 880 экз./м², биомасса – 40,2 г/м². Проведено сравнение макрозообентоса оз. Кривое с оз. Лунг. Донную фауну оз. Кривое можно рассматривать как обедненную для малых придунайских озер с меньшей антропогенной трансформацией.
Chlorella sphaerica та її місце у системі роду Diplosphaera (chlorophyta, trebouxiophyceae)
Authors: Karbovska V. M. , Kostikov I. Y.
Published: June 2014

За результатами морфологічного та молекулярно-генетичного аналізів автентичного штаму критичної у таксономічному відношенні зеленої водорості Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess встановлено її фенотипічну схожість та філогенетичну спорідненість із видами роду Diplosphaera Bialosuknia та суттєву відмінність від інших видів роду Chlorella Bejerink. Виявлено нові морфологічні риси (наявність вегетативного поділу, здатність утворювати діади та пакети, формувати зовнішні слизові структури), які дозволяють розглядати Ch. sphaerica у системі роду Diplosphaera. Результати аналізу некодувальних нуклеотидних послідовностей ITS-1 та ITS-2 кластеру ядерних рибосомальних генів підтверджують цей висновок. На підставі отриманих даних запропоновано нову номенклатурну комбінацію: Diplosphaera sphaerica (Tschermak-Woess) Karbovska et Kostikov, comb. nova (basionym: Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess).
Sight translation as a topic in interpreting research: Progress, problems, and prospects
Authors: Li Xiangdong
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on the state-of-the-art of sight-translation research by presenting a critical evaluation of current literature and outlining possible research needs. It is agreed among the interpreting community that sight translation is an increasingly important form of professional practice, a valuable pedagogical tool, and a necessary component of learner needs. However, it is still an underresearched area compared with other modes of interpreting. The unquestionable significance of sight translation, the scant literature, and limitations of past research, point to a number of possibilities. The definition and variants of sight translation are not yet well clarified. The cognitive features of sight translation remain to be researched. Empirical contributions are in dire need to test the efficiency of sight translation as a predictor of success in aptitude tests, its relationships with consecutive and simultaneous interpreting and translation courses, its pedagogical use in the curriculum, and its teaching methodology and criteria of assessment.
Can Europe recover without credit?
Authors: Darvas Zsolt
Published: June 2014

Data from 135 countries covering five decades suggest that creditless recoveries, in which the stock of real credit does not return to the pre-crisis level for three years after the GDP trough, are not rare and are characterised by remarkable real GDP growth rates: 4.7 percent per year in middle-income countries and 3.2 percent per year in high-income countries. However, the implications of these historical episodes for the current European situation are limited, for two main reasons. First, creditless recoveries are much less common in high-income countries than in low-income countries which are financially undeveloped. European economies heavily depend on bank loans and research suggests that loan supply played a major role in the recent weak credit performance of Europe. There are reasons to believe that, despite various efforts, normal lending has not yet been restored. Limited loan supply could be disruptive for the European economic recovery and there has been only a minor substitution of bank loans with debt securities. Second, creditless recoveries were associated with significant real exchange rate depreciation, which has hardly occurred so far in most of Europe. This stylised fact suggests that it might be difficult to re-establish economic growth in the absence of sizeable real exchange rate depreciation, if credit growth does not return.
Unorthodoxy in legislation: The Hungarian experience
Authors: Deák Dániel
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with legal unorthodoxy. The main idea is to study the so-called unorthodox taxes Hungary has adopted in recent years. The study of unorthodox taxes will be preceded by a more general discussion of how law is made under unorthodoxy, and what are the special features of unorthodox legal policy. Unorthodoxy challenges equality before the law and is critical towards mass democracies. It also raises doubts on the operability of the rule of law, relying on personal skills, or loyalty, rather than on impersonal mechanisms arising from checks and balances as developed by the division of political power. Besides, for lack of legal suppositions, legislation suffers from casuistry and regulatory capture.
Using climate change projections in UK flood risk assessment
Authors: Woods Ashley
Published: June 2014

In the UK, a disparity exists between modelled future weather/climatic patterns and the assessment of climate change impact on flood risk in the UK statutory planning process. Specifically, the impacts of climate change on the physical characteristics of a river catchment (e.g. land-use change, vegetation cover, soil moisture) are not considered when generating climate change weighted design flood events to assess the potential impact of flooding on a development in the future. Instead, a UK-wide averaged perturbation factor is applied. In this paper, a method is tested to integrate climate change data from UK climate projections 2009 (UKCP09) into design flood estimation methods (ReFH) as part of the current planning process. Scenarios are developed for a single, critical duration, 1% probability (1-in-100 year) design flood event that reflects plausible changes in catchment physical parameters in the 2080s. Initial results suggest that a 1-in-100 year storm in the 2080s may be greater in magnitude, rise and recede faster, and be associated with greater depths of flooding than predicted using current flood risk assessment frameworks in the UK. This information could provide new information to help developers choose more sustainable, flood-resistant and resilient designs.
Cultivation can increase harvesting pressure on overexploited plant populations
Authors: Williams S. J. , Jones J. P. G. , Annewandter R. , Gibbons J. M.
Published: June 2014

Captive breeding and cultivation of overharvested species is frequently proposed as a conservation strategy, yet there is little evidence under what conditions, if at all, the strategy is effective. We created a bioeconomic model to investigate the socioeconomic conditions favoring cultivation over wild harvesting and likely impacts on the wild population. We parameterize the model with the case study of illegal xaté palm (Chamaedorea ernesti‐augusti) harvesting in Belize and Guatemala. We examine how changes in law enforcement, a price premium for cultivated leaf, land ownership, and alternative income might affect decisions to cultivate and the impact of cultivation on wild populations. We show that those switching to cultivation are largely not wild harvesters because of barriers such as land ownership. We also find that if harvesters do switch to cultivation, they may have a negative effect on the wild population through harvesting of material to set up plantations. We found increasing alternative income reduces harvesting pressure and suggests the provision of alternative livelihoods would more directly reduce pressure on the wild population. Although schemes to encourage cultivation seem an appealing conservation intervention, we urge caution in assuming that people will readily adopt cultivation of wild harvested species or that this would necessarily reduce impacts on wild populations.
Yield and Quality of Irrigated Bermudagrass as a Function of Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Sohm Gregory , Thompson Curtis , Assefa Yared , Schlegel Alan , Holman John
Published: June 2014

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is a perennial grass capable of producing a large amount of forage for either hay or grazing. Information on harvest frequency and rate of N for bermudagrass production is scarce for southwest Kansas. The objectives of this research were to determine economically and environmentally justified N rates for bermudagrass grown under supplemental irrigation (161–222 mm yr−1) and to determine annual harvest frequency. A field study was conducted from 2004 to 2007 near Rolla, KS, with five N rate treatments (0, 168, 336, 672, and 1344 kg N ha−1). On five harvest dates per year, biomass yield, feed quality, soil nutrient content, and soil pH were measured. Biomass yield was relatively high in the second, third, and fourth harvest dates out of five harvest dates within a year. In each of these five harvest dates, biomass yield increased with increasing N rates from 0 to 672 kg N ha−1. A quadratic curve explained 80% of the variation for the relationship between total annual biomass yield of bermudagrass and N rate. The maximum average total annual dry matter production of about 18.5 Mg ha−1 was possible with 900 kg N ha−1. The economic N rate that confers profit, however, varied from about 120 to 600 kg ha−1 depended on value of bermudagrass forage and variable cost of production. An increase in N rate from 0 to 672 kg N ha−1 also increased protein content and biomass feed quality without adversely affecting soil quality.
Soybean Seed Composition as Affected by Seeding Rates and Row Spacing
Authors: Bellaloui Nacer , Mengistu Alemu , Walker Eric R. , Young Lawrence D.
Published: June 2014

Research on the effects of seeding rates (SDR) and row spacing (RS) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition is almost nonexistent. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of SDR and RS on soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals using four soybean cultivars (P 93M90 and AG 3906, maturity group[MG] III; P 94B73, MG IV; and V 52N3, MG V) tested in 2006 and 2007. Seeding rates for P 93M90 and AG 3906 ranged from 247,000 to 592,800 seeds ha⁻1 and for P 94B73 and V 52N3 ranged from 60,000 to 180,000 seeds ha⁻1. Row spacings were 38 and 76 cm. Protein, oleic acid, sugars, P, and B concentrations increased with the increase of SDR in P 93M90 and AG 3906. However, after the maximum concentrations of these constituents were reached, a decrease was observed at the highest SDR. This trend was mainly observed in 2006 and depended on RS. In 2007, the opposite trend of protein and oleic acid concentrations was observed, where the protein and oleic decreased with SDR. In cultivars P 94B73 and V 52N3, results showed that protein concentration increased with SDR in 2006 and 2007 for both 38 and 76 cm RS. Oleic acid increased and linolenic acid decreased with SDR in 2006. The different trends of protein and oleic concentrations between years may be due to temperature and drought stress differences. This research showed that SDR and RS can alter seed constituents, and the magnitude of this effect depended on cultivar and environmental factors, especially temperature and drought.
Performance of up flow anaerobic sludge fixed film bioreactor for the treatment of high organic load and biogas production of cheese whey wastewater
Authors: Tehrani Nazila , Najafpour Ghasem , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Attar Hossein
Published: June 2014

Among various wastewater treatment technologies, biological wastewater
treatment appears to be the most promising method. A pilot scale of hybrid
anaerobic bioreactor was fabricated and used for the whey wastewater
treatment. The top and bottom of the hybrid bioreactor known as up flow
anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF); was a combination of up flow anaerobic
sludge blanket (UASB) and up flow anaerobic fixed film reactor (UAFF),
respectively. The effects of operating parameters such as temperature and
hydraulic retention time (HRT) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and
biogas production in the hybrid bioreactor were investigated. Treatability of
the samples at various HRTs of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours was evaluated in the
fabricated bioreactor. The desired conditions for COD removal such as HRT of
48 hours and operation temperature of 40 ?C were obtained. The maximum COD
removal and biogas production were 80% and 2.40 (L/d), respectively. Kinetic
models of Riccati, Monod and Verhalst were also evaluated for the living
microorganisms in the treatment process. Among the above models, Riccati
model was the best growth model fitted with the experimental data with R2 of
about 0.99.
Biosorption characteristics of Spirulina and Chlorella cells to accumulate heavy metals
Authors: Kőnig-Péter Anikó , Kilár Ferenc , Felinger Attila , Pernyeszi Tímea
Published: June 2014

The heavy metal biosorption of dried Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina
platensis-Spirulina maxima cells was studied under various experimental
conditions. The effect of biosorbent dosage, pH, adsorption time,
temperature, initial metal concentration on biosorption was studied.
Biosorption process can be divided into two parts: the first part follows
zero-order, the second part pseudo second-order kinetics. Characterization of
biosorption equilibrium was evaluated with Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich
models using non-linear regression. The optimum pH range was found to be 5.0
? 6.0 for Pb(II) and 4.0 ? 6.0 for Cu(II) and Cd(II) adsorption. The maximum
adsorption capacities for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) were 144, 161 and 138 mg
g-1 by Chlorella cells and 370, 201 and 165 by Spirulina cells, based on the
experimental data. The same values for activated carbon were 86, 134 and 43
mg g-1, respectively.
A theoretical study on the mechanism of the reaction between azacyclopropenylidene and oxirane
Authors: Jing Ying , Tan Xiaojun
Published: June 2014

The reaction mechanism between azacyclopropenylidene and oxirane has been
systematically investigated employing the second-order M?ller-Plesset
perturbation theory (MP2) method to better understand the
azacyclopropenylidene reactivity with three-membered ring compound oxirane.
Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, and energy property for the
involved stationary points on the potential energy surface have been calculated. Energies of all the species are also further corrected by CCSD(T)/6-311+G* single-point calculations. Our calculational results show that there are two possible reaction pathways. From the kinetic viewpoint, the first pathway is primary. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, the
second is dominating.
Effect of neuropeptide Y on norepinephrine-induced constriction in the rabbit facial artery after carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Roganovic Jelena , Petrovic Nina , Djukic Ljiljana
Published: June 2014

Background/Aim. Atherosclerotic-occlusive changes could be observed in
orofacial branches of the external carotid artery. Atherosclerosis-induced
ischemia caused alteration in production and release of endothelial factors.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of carotid artery
occlusion (10, 30 and 60 min) on vascular effects of norepinephrine (NOR)
and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the isolated glandular branch of the rabbit
facial artery, the main feeding artery for the submandibular gland. Method.
Changes in isometric tension were recorded in organ bath studies with
arterial rings, before and after carotid artery occlusion. Results.
Concentrationdependent vasocontractile effect of NOR was significantly
augmented after 30 and 60 min of carotid occlusion, but only in the rings
with intact endothelium. Given alone, NPY showed no effect in isolated
glandular branch of the rabbit facial artery, but enhanced NOR
vasoconstriction in all the investigated rings. NOR vasocontractile effect
enhancement in the presence of NPY was attenuated after 30 and 60 min of
carotid occlusion. Also, enhancement of NOR vasoconstriction by NPY was
significantly higher in endothelium-intact rings compared to
endotheliumdenuded rings obtained after 30 and 60 min of carotid occlusion.
Conclusion. The present investigation provides results of increased
vasocontractile effect of NOR and decreased enhancing effect of NPY on NOR
vasoconstriction in the rabbit facial artery after carotid occlusion that is
related to altered endothelium function.
Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve
Authors: Vukmirovic Filip , Vukmirovic Mihailo , Tomasevic-Vukmirovic Irena
Published: June 2014

Introduction. Primary tumors of the heart are rare, usually benign and occur
mostly in adults, and usually originate from the endocardium, followed by the
myocardium and rarest of the pericardium. Papillary fibroelastoma accounts
for less than 10% of all cardiac tumors, but they are most common valvular
tumors. The clinical presentation of papillary fibroelastoma varies from
asymptomatic cases to cases which have severe clinical presentation that is
most likely due to embolic complications. Tumor can usually be discovered by
echocardiography or during autopsy. Case report. We reported a case of 53-
year-old man submitted to routine echocardiographic examination. The patient
had the history of hypertension for five years, without any other symptoms.
Echocardiography found a round tumor attached to the noncoronary cuspis of
the aortic valve. The tumor was surgically removed and pathohistological
examination confirmed diagnosis of papillary fibroelastoma. After surgery the
patient fully recovered without tumor recurrence or aortic regurgitation.
Conclusion. Histologically, papilary fibroelastoma is benign tumor of the
heart. As demonstrated in this case, a papillary fibroelastoma can be an
incidental finding discovered during echocardiography in patients with the
history of hypertension.
Acute psychosis followed by fever: Malignant neuroleptic syndrome or viral encephalitis?
Authors: Stojanovic Zvezdana , Spiric Zeljko
Published: June 2014

Introduction. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is rare, but potentially fatal
idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic medications. It is sometimes
difficult to diagnose some clinical cases as neuroleptic malignant syndrome
and differentiate it from the acute viral encephalitis. Case report. We
reported a patient diagnosed with acute psychotic reaction which appeared for
the first time. The treatment started with typical antipsychotic, which led
to febrility. The clinical presentation of the patient was characterised by
the signs and symptoms that might have indicated the neuroleptic malignant
syndrome as well as central nervous system viral disease. In order to make a
detailed diagnosis additional procedures were performed:
electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging of the head, lumbar puncture
and a serological test of the cerebrospinal fluid. Considering that after the
tests viral encephalitis was ruled out and the diagnosis of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome made, antipsychotic therapy was immediately stopped. The
patient was initially treated with symptomatic therapy and after that with
atypical antipsychotic and electroconvulsive therapy, which led to complete
recovery. Conclusion. We present the difficulties of early diagnosis at the
first episode of acute psychotic disorder associated with acute febrile
condition. Concerning the differential diagnosis it is necessary to consider
both neuroleptic malignant syndrome and viral encephalitis, i.e. it is
necessary to make the neuroradiological diagnosis and conduct cerebrospinal
fluid analysis and blood test. In neuroleptic malignant syndrome treatment a
combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and low doses of atypical
antipsychotic are confirmed to be successful.
Voltammetric behavior and quantitative determination of ambazone concentrations in urine and in a pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Smarzewska Sylwia , Guziejewski Dariusz , Skowron Monika , Skrzypek Slawomira , Ciesielski Witold
Published: June 2014

The use of square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) in conjunction with a cyclic renewable silver amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) for the analytical determination of ambazone in urine samples and pharmaceutical formulations is described. A single reduction peak in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 4.0 was detected at about −1.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. Mechanistic studies have shown that the compound can act as an electrocatalyst. The method was validated. The analytical curve was linear in the concentration range from 1.0×10−9 to 1.0×10−7 mol L−1. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 3.0×10−10 mol L−1 and 1.0×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to ambazone determination in real samples.
Biosorption of toxic metals using freely suspended Microcystis aeruginosa biomass
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Niedzielski Przemysław , Karczewski Jacek , Poniedziałek Barbara
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the potential application of a freely suspended cyanobacterial biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa as a sorption material for toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. In order to identify the most suitable conditions for removal of these elements (concentration range: 1–20 mg L−1), the laboratory experiments were carried out during different incubation times (1–48 h) and under various temperatures (10–40°C), pH (5–9) and with or without light irradiance. Competitive biosorption of Cd and Pb was also investigated. We found that M. aeruginosa demonstrates high efficiency in removing both of the studied metals from aqueous solutions. Sorption of Pb occurred, however, more rapidly and effectively, and was less disturbed by changes in physico-chemical conditions. Under pH=7, 25°C and light, the removal rates after 3 h and 6 h of incubation, were 90–100% for Pb and 79.5–100% for Cd, respectively. The co-occurrence of the metals decreased the rate of metal biosorption. Pb was sequestered preferentially over Cd. From the results we conclude that freely suspended M. aeruginosa can constitute a promising low-cost, easy-producible biosorbent material for toxic metals in contaminated wastewater.
Kinetic study of wood pyrolysis in presence of metal halides
Authors: Beliy Vladimir , Udoratina Elena
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this work was to study the kinetics of wood pyrolysis in the presence of inorganic salts, representatives of classes of alkali and alkaline earth metal halides (NaCl, KCl, KBr, CaCl2, BaCl2·2H2O) and Lewis acids (AlCl3·6H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, CuCl2, CuBr2, ZnCl2·1.5H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, SnCl2·2H2O) using TG-DSC. The activity of these catalysts was estimated by the temperature of the beginning of pyrolysis, charcoal yield and kinetic parameters, such as energy of activation and reaction order. Using the Lewis acids as catalysts for pyrolysis leads to a decrease in the temperature of the process beginning and the activation energy. In the presence of other catalysts activation energy does not significantly change. The increase of a seeming reaction order in the presence of Lewis acids possibly is a consequence of complication of the thermodestruction mechanism, with the appearance of new parallel competing stages.
Variability in Postural Control With and Without Balance-Based Torso- Weighting in People With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls
Authors: Hunt Charlotte M. , Widener Gail , Allen Diane D.
Published: June 2014

Background

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have diminished postural control, and center of pressure (COP) displacement varies more in this population than in healthy controls. Balance-based torso-weighting (BBTW) can improve clinical balance and mobility in people with MS, and exploration using both linear and nonlinear measures of COP may help determine whether BBTW optimizes movement variability.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BBTW on people with MS and healthy controls during quiet standing.

Design

This was a quasi-experimental study comparing COP variability between groups, between eye closure conditions, and between weighting conditions in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions.

Methods

Twenty participants with MS and 18 healthy controls stood on a forceplate in 4 conditions: eyes open and closed and with and without BBTW. Linear measures of COP displacement included range and root mean square (RMS). Nonlinear measures included approximate entropy (ApEn) and Lyapunov exponent (LyE). Three-way repeated-measures analyses of variance compared measures across groups and conditions. The association between weighting response and baseline nonlinear variables was examined. When significant associations were found, MS subgroups were created and compared.

Results

The MS and control groups had significantly different range, RMS, and ApEn values. The eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions had significantly different range and RMS values. Change with weighting correlated with LyE (r=−.70) and ApEn (r=−.59). Two MS subgroups, with low and high baseline LyE values, responded to BBTW in opposite directions, with a significant main effect for weighting condition for the LyE variable in the medial-lateral direction.

Limitations

The small samples and no identification of impairments related to LyE at baseline were limitations of the study.

Conclusions

The LyE may help differentiate subgroups who respond differently to BBTW. In both subgroups, LyE values moved toward the average of healthy controls, suggesting that BBTW may help optimize movement variability in people with MS.
Can Physical Therapists Deliver a Pain Coping Skills Program? An Examination of Training Processes and Outcomes
Authors: Bryant Christina , Lewis Prudence , Bennell Kim L. , Ahamed Yasmin , Crough Denae , Jull Gwendolen A. , Kenardy Justin , Nicholas Michael K. , Keefe Francis J.
Published: June 2014

Background

Physical therapists are well established as providers of treatments for common, painful, and disabling conditions, such as knee osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, they are well placed to deliver treatments that integrate physical and psychosocial elements. Attention is usually given to outcomes of such programs, but few studies have examined the processes and outcomes of training physical therapists to deliver such treatments.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the processes in training physical therapists: (1) to deliver a standardized pain coping skills treatment and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of that training.

Design

This study was an analysis of data relating to therapist performance in a randomized clinical trial.

Methods

Eleven physical therapists were trained to deliver a 10-session pain coping skills training program for people with knee OA as part of a randomized controlled trial (N=222). The initial training was provided in a workshop format and included extensive, ongoing supervision by a psychologist and rigorous use of well-defined performance criteria to assess competence. Adherence to the program, ratings of performance, and use of advanced skills were all measured against these criteria in a sample (n=74, 10%) of the audio recordings of the intervention sessions.

Results

Overall, the physical therapists achieved a very high standard of treatment delivery, with 96.6% adherence to the program and mean performance ratings all in the satisfactory range. These results were maintained throughout the intervention and across all sessions.

Limitations

Only 10% of the delivered sessions were analyzed, and the physical therapists who took part in the study were a self-selected group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that a systematic approach to training and accrediting physical therapists to deliver a standardized pain coping skills program can result in high and sustained levels of adherence to the program. Training fidelity was achieved in this group of motivated clinicians, but the supervision provided was time intensive. The data provide a promising indicator of greater potential for psychologically informed practice to be a feature of effective health care.
Assessing the effect of the thyme (Thyme vulgaris L.) essence on some biochemical factors in rat's blood serum
Authors: Jafarian Dehkordi Mohsen , Soleyman Dehkordi Hamed , Iranpour Mobarakeh Hamid , Khamesipour Faham , Hamedi Behzad
Published: June 2014

Thyme is a plant native to Iran that is widely found in southern part and mountainous center of country and has antibacterial and antifungal activity on digestive and chronic diseases in traditional medicine. However the medicinal species is called Thyme vulgaris, all of the Thyme are enriched with volatile compounds including thymol and carvacrol acting as strong antiseptic. In present study we decided on evaluating the effect of thyme essence on biochemical factors such as (triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST and total protein) in rat's blood serum. In this study thyme essences in 200 and 400 mg/kg levels were prescribed respectively for animals in two treatment group through oral administration during 21 days and the third group as control received no compositions. In this study it was observed that after measuring biochemical factors of blood serum the thyme essences led to decrease cholesterol level significantly in both treatment groups compared with control group (p<0.05).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i3.10433 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(3): 2014: 15-18
Assessment of Ganges River Water Quality at Allahabad: A case study for the event of Magha Mela
Authors: Gupta LN , Avtar Ram , Singh Ameerjeet , Kumar Pankaj , Mutisya Emmanuel , Mohan Geetha , Gupta GS
Published: June 2014

Considering Ganga River as one of main Holy River in India, millions of people throng to the river to have a holy dip, Aachman (Mouthful of holy water) and cleanse themselves of sins. Magh Mela is a great festival to take place in bank of Triveni (Sangam) at Allahabad and runs more than one and half month, when millions of pilgrims from different regions in India go there for taking a holy bath in Sangam of Ganga. Thus, the bathing in the river during Magh Mela leads to high pollution of the river in comparison to other days such as normal bathing days. This study focused on the water quality status from some selected physico-chemical parameters of River Ganges and the impact of Magh Mela as well as the variation in the river’s flow rate. Results indicate that the pollution load was alarmingly high and the flow of the Ganga had been very poor. Further, the study found that the water was not fit for bathing during the 2012 Magh Mela. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i3.9303 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(3): 2014: 8-14