bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swimming with the Current But against the Tide: Reflections of an Autistic Social Worker
Authors: Guthrie Jenni
Published: May 2023

Autism in social work generally focuses on working with children or adults who are users of services. This reflexive account focuses on the author’s lived experience as an Autistic social worker in the UK and why it is still important to inform the social work profession about autism. Using the creative and connective power of analogy, the author identifies the strengths Autistic social workers can offer within the trauma of the everyday as an Autistic person, locating this within the context of social work practice. The author challenges the deficit focus on autism within research and practice and offers opportunity to connect with your understanding of autism and what that may mean in terms of developing your own relational, anti-oppressive practice.
‘I’m Gay! I’m Gay! I’m Gay! I’m a Homosexual!’: Overt and Covert Conversion Therapy Practices in Therapeutic Boarding Schools
Authors: Golightley Sarah
Published: May 2023

Every year thousands of young people are sent to therapeutic boarding schools (TBS) in the USA. TBS are residential programmes that combine educational classes and group therapy in self-contained facilities that operate year-round. The programmes are part of a wider ‘troubled teen industry’ that seeks to reform young people perceived as having mental health and/or substance misuse problems. Interviews were conducted with former TBS students about their experiences as youth inside these facilities. The research was undertaken from a survivor–researcher approach and was conducted by a former TBS student with former students. This article will focus on the experiences of two LGBTQ+ former students who were subjected to conversion therapy in TBS. The case studies will describe conversion practices that pressure people to change or suppress their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. Conversion therapy manifested in overt and covert forms that resulted in lasting psychological trauma. The case studies highlight the impacts of conversion therapy as epistemic injustice and the ways in which the former students adapted to and resisted institutional harm. Implications for practice include the importance for social workers to understand conversion therapy as a dynamic, evolving and potentially subtle practice.
Subcortical structural covariance predicts symptoms in children with different subtypes of ADHD
Authors: Mu ShuHua , Wu HuiJun , Zhang Jian , Chang ChunQi
Published: May 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has increasingly been conceptualized as a disorder of abnormal brain connectivity. However, far less is known about the structural covariance in different subtypes of this disorder and how those differences may contribute to the symptomology of these subtypes. In this study, we used a combined volumetric-based methodology and structural covariance approach to investigate structural covariance of subcortical brain volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattentive patients. In addition, a linear support vector machine was used to predict patient’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Results showed that compared with TD children, those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined exhibited decreased volume of both the left and right pallidum. Moreover, we found increased right hippocampal volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattentive children. Furthermore and when compared with the TD group, both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattentive groups showed greater nonhomologous inter-regional correlations. The abnormal structural covariance network in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined group was located in the left amygdala–left putamen/left pallidum/right pallidum and right pallidum–left pallidum; in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattentive group, this difference was noted in the left hippocampus–left amygdala/left putamen/right putamen and right hippocampus–left amygdala. Additionally, different combinations of abnormalities in subcortical structural covariance were predictive of symptom severity in different attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that structural covariance provided valuable diagnostic markers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes.
Single-point dispersion measurement of surface waves combining translation, rotation and strain in weakly anisotropic media: theory
Authors: Tang Le , Igel Heiner , Montagner Jean-Paul
Published: May 2023

A new approach is proposed for measuring the dispersion relation of surface waves in weakly anisotropic media using a single station, which consists of translational displacement and rotation or strain. The azimuth-dependent surface wave dispersion curve can be directly obtained by using the amplitude ratio of translational displacement to rotation or strain. Using observations from earthquakes from a variety of azimuths allows us to characterize the anisotropy of subsurface media. The amplitude ratio gives the localized azimuth-dependent dispersion relations of the formation beneath a receiver without requiring knowledge of the source or structure along the path. The theory shows that in anisotropic media the coupled quasi-Rayleigh wave and quasi-Love wave will result in elliptically polarized rotational motions. In addition, rotational motion information allows the determination of backazimuth even in general anisotropic media. We carry out numerical experiments, investigate the effects of noise and degree of anisotropy and demonstrate the potential for field studies.
Unhealthy food advertising on Costa Rican and Guatemalan television: a comparative study
Authors: Morales-Juárez Analí , Monterrubio Eric , Cosenza-Quintana Emma Lucia , Zamora Irina , Jensen Melissa L , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Ramírez-Zea Manuel , Kroker-Lobos Maria Fernanda
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to exhaustively explore the characteristics of food advertising on TV in Guatemala and Costa Rica. The International Network for Food and Obesity Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) methodology was applied. In 2016, we recorded 1440 h of video among 10 TV channels. We used the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Nutrient Profile (NP) Model to identify ‘critical nutrients’, whose excessive consumption is associated with NCDs. We created a nutritional quality score (0 if the product did not exceed any critical nutrient, 1 if the product exceeded one and 2 if it exceeded ≥2). We classified food ads as permitted (score = 0) and not-permitted (score 1 or 2) for marketing. Persuasive marketing techniques were classified as promotional characters (e.g. Batman), premium offers (e.g. toys), brand benefit claims (e.g. tasty) and health-related claims (e.g. nutritious). In Guatemala, foods that exceeded one critical nutrient were more likely to use persuasive marketing techniques, and in Costa Rica were those with an excess of ≥2 critical nutrients, compared with foods without any excess in critical nutrients [Guatemala: promotional characters (odds ratio, OR = 16.6, 95% confidence interval, CI: 5.8, 47.3), premium offers (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 8.2) and health-related claims (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.2, 5.7); Costa Rica: health-related claims (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.0, 8.5)]. In conclusion, Guatemalan and Costa Rican children are exposed to an overabundance of not-permitted food ads on TV. This justifies implementing national policies to reduce exposure to not-permitted food for marketing, including on TV and other media.
563 The Why Behind the Release- A 2 Year Review of Pediatric Burn Scar Contracture Releases
Authors: Trost Jenna , Woolery Creola , Bomberger Sarah , Robertson Karen , Hartman Brett
Published: May 2023

Introduction

A burn therapy quality improvement project was identified to determine what factors led to burn scar contracture releases for improved range of motion from June 2020 to June 2022. The goals of the project were to determine: 1) What factors led to the burn scar contracture formation? 2) What factors led to the need for surgery to correct the contractures after the initial injury/surgery? and 3) What therapy interventions could be implemented to identify the patients' contracture risk, improve their outcomes, and prevent additional surgical interventions?

Methods

A review of the burn OR schedule in the EMR was conducted to identify reconstructive surgical cases from June 2020 to June 2022. The following information was obtained on the patients: type of surgery, the location of the release(s), percent TBSA burn, therapy interventions prior to the release, therapy location, and time from initial injury until surgical release.

Results

Out of 52 patients who had surgical interventions for scar contracture: 27 were in the category of patient growth (25 had no limitations in functional AROM at discharge from therapy), 19 in the category of compliance/complex social situations, and 6 in the category of aggressive scarring /difficult scar management. One outlying case was uncategorized.

In the patient growth category, the average time from the initial injury to the release was 8.42 years. In the category of aggressive scarring/difficult scar management, all the patients were under 4 years old and had difficulty with scar management/positioning from the start. The one factor that was noted in both categories was a mVSS score of >/=4 with pliability and vascularity >/=1 and height score of < /=1 at d/c from therapy.

In the compliance/complex social situations category, the factors affecting scar outcome were poor appointment attendance, shared custody, foster system placement, and limited follow-through with home program.4

Conclusions

As a result of this analysis, strategies were implemented to lower the mVSS upon discharge: 1) therapists will set goals for the mVSS score to be < 2 upon discharge to assure that the score is at or below a 1 for pliability and vascularity, and 0 for height; 2) if the mVSS is not < 2 when patient is being considered for d/c from clinic, therapists will discuss this with medical team as patient may be at higher risk for contracture with continued growth; 3) a “maintenance education program” will be provided to all patients at d/c; 4) Social work/psychology will be consulted earlier to work with families on compliance with attendance/interventions; 5) UE casting with new materials utilized by therapists to improve positioning of burned hands/wrists in children < 4 years old.

Applicability of Research to Practice

Therapy practice changes to prevent contractures
564 Simplified Dynamic Splints for Common Scar Contractures of the Hand
Authors: Andre Gregory , Dean Brooke , Vocke Scott , Rodriguez Joshua
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Common problems associated with immature burn scarring of the hands include proximal interphalangeal (PIP)/distal interphalangeal (DIP) flexion contracture, first webspace contracture, and metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) hyperextension that require diligent splinting intervention in therapy and at home to improve patient outcomes. Dynamic splinting can be used to provide low-load long-duration stretch; however, they can be difficult for patients to don independently at home and are often time consuming for therapists to fabricate. Alternative methods of using neoprene strapping were utilized to provide the dynamic pull to simplify the supplies required and improve ease of use for the patient.

Methods

Using the “I splint” for elbow flexion contractures as a model, we fabricated a smaller version for use in finger PIP and DIP flexion contractures using thermoplastic material and neoprene strapping (Figure 1a). A novel splint for thumb abduction/extension in treatment of first web space scar contracture (Figure 1b). Based on a traditional MCP flexion splint, we utilized neoprene strapping instead of springs or rubber bands and a plastic D ring instead of metal outrigger (Figure 2).

Splint wear started at 1x/ day for 5 minutes and progressed to 3-5x/day for 5-15 minutes as tolerated.

Results

Digit PIP or DIP extender (figure 1a.) after 1 week of daily wear improved PIP extension from 45 degrees (of flexion) to 25 degrees and DIP extension from 50 degrees to 30 degrees.

Thumb Post Splint (figure 1b.) after 2 weeks of daily wear improved radial abduction from 45 degrees to 58 degrees.

Dynamic MCP flexion splint (figure 2) after 1 month of daily wear improved left ring finger active MCP flexion from 0-20 degrees to 0-40 degrees. Left small finger active MCP flexion improved from (-50) - 0 degrees to (-40) - 5 degrees (negative parenthetical value denotes hyperextension).

Conclusions

Dynamic splints utilizing neoprene strapping contributed to improved range of motion for all patients included in this case series. Therapists noted that splint adjustments were infrequent and minimal throughout time of use. Patients reported ease of use and compliance with splint wear schedule outside of therapy sessions. The amount of time spent fabricating compared to traditional methods was not tracked and would be an interesting point to consider in the future.

Applicability of Research to Practice

We hope that this presentation may give other practitioners new tools to address common burn scar contractures of the hand and simplify both the fabrication process and materials required for dynamic splinting.
573 The Impact of Burn Injuries on Indigenous Populations
Authors: Gabriel Vincent , Verburg Leah , McCaffrey Graham
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in prevention and treatment of burn injury. However, research on burn injuries in Indigenous populations is limited. This review summarizes literature on burn injuries in Indigenous populations that require consideration due to systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, and health disparities to inform new research.

Methods

A search was conducted in CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PSYCinfo, and SocINDEX. for “burn OR scars OR scald OR deformity OR disfigurement” and “Aboriginal OR Indigenous OR First Nation OR American Indian OR Maori OR Native OR Torres Strait Islander OR Amerindian OR Inuit OR Metis OR Pacific Islander”. Search criteria were set by the authors with librarian assistance. Inclusion 1) peer-reviewed studies of burns in Indigenous persons 2) in English. Exclusion 1) no data specific to Indigenous burns 2) not peer-reviewed 3) not in full text 4) protocol publications. Selection was performed by a member of the research team and reviewed by the co-authors.

Results

The search identified 1,091 studies with 51 for review. Fifteen were excluded. Three were editorials or letters. Five were not full text. One was a protocol only, and one did not reference Indigenous persons. Two reported accident rates in Indigenous populations but not burns data. Two excluded articles did not report burns data in the Indigenous population. One was excluded as the conclusions were not supported by the data. Included publications were published between 1987 and 2021 with 24 between 2011 - 2021. Indigenous populations have a rate of burn injury up to two times of the general population in the US, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Indigenous people suffered more injuries from flame and inhalation. Burns in Indigenous people are of greater total body surface area and deeper. Indigenous persons had longer lengths of stay, more complications, and need for additional surgeries. The Indigenous population in the US is associated with more hypertrophic scarring. Indigenous patients in Australia struggle with a lack of culturally safe communication and support for aftercare.

Conclusions

Current literature is limited specific to burns in Indigenous populations. Racial disparities exist in burn injury incidence and outcomes for Indigenous persons. Indigenous populations suffer burn injuries, have more complications, and longer lengths of stay in hospital. Current care practices lack cultural safety considerations.

Applicability of Research to Practice

Qualitative research in this area will help providers better understand the experiences of Indigenous burn patients to develop more culturally competent care. We are currently developing a study using qualitative hermeneutic methodology to learn about the experiences of Indigenous burn survivors’ injuries, recovery, and social reintegration.
575 Single-stage Trilaminar Skin Reconstruction Following Full-Thickness Burn Injury
Authors: Bengur Fuat Baris , Loder Shawn J , Villalvazo Yadira , Humar Pooja , Nerone Wayne V , Lee Phoebe L , Kokai Lauren E , Marra Kacey G , Eriksson Elof , Rubin J Peter
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Complex burns are highly morbid injuries that can cause severe disfigurement and can be devastating to one’s quality of life and psychosocial well-being. Currently, there are no simple, single-stage procedures available for extensive or multifocal burns to address full-thickness trilaminar defects. Our team has previously demonstrated the viability of an adipose-first reconstruction to address hypodermal defects. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of a combined adipose plus finely minced skin to achieve a single-stage trilaminar skin reconstruction.

Methods

Full-thickness burns were created on female Yorkshire swine. After 48-hours, escharectomies were performed to the level of fascia. The wounds were layered with adipose harvested from female Yorkshire swine. In one group, autologous split-thickness skin grafts were cut into pixel size (0.3x0.3 mm) grafts and layered on top of the adipose. Pigs were maintained for 4-weeks with weekly photography, ultrasound, followed by endpoint histology and tension measurements.

Results

At the end of the 4-week period, adipose combined with pixel graft demonstrated improved epithelialization and less contracture (p< 0.01). Thickness and mobility measurements were consistent in both groups. This findings were similar to our previous approaches using adipose following surgical debridement. Tissue pliability in the pixel grafting group was maintained to a high degree. Cross sections were performed which showed the persistence of fat graft at the base of the wounds.

Conclusions

Immediate, single-stage trilaminar reconstruction of full-thickness complex burns reduces contracture, mitigates adhesion, and restores normal soft-tissue thickness, therefore, presenting a paradigm changing approach in the current practice of burn injuries to the mobile surfaces.

Applicability of Research to Practice

Our results support the therapeutic potential of adipose-based soft-tissue reconstruction of burns to both enhance hypodermal augmentation and mitigate fibrotic complications including contracture and adhesions. Our data suggest that this approach is compatible with the standard of care skin grafting, and in fact provides improved epidermal thickness and pliability.
579 Histopathological Changes in the Endocrine Pancreas of Rats During the Acute Period of Burns
Authors: Santelis Santiago , Abali Ayse Ebru , Ozgun Gonca , Ozdemir B Handan , Basci Tutuncu Neslihan , Haberal Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Severe burn victims experience a systemic inflammatory response and a hypermetabolic response. Presence of hyperglycemia, even with concurrent hyperinsulinism, is indicative of insufficient insulin secretion from beta cells to overcome the glycemia. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of beta-cell failure in patients with acquired insulin resistance after burn trauma are not clearly understood. Our aim in this study was to describe the histopathological changes in the pancreatic islets secondary to severe burns in an experimental animal model.

Methods

Fourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the sham group and the burn group. A full-thickness burn model was designed to induce a burn of 25% total body surface area. Seven days after burn induction and sham procedure, pancreatectomy was performed. Pancreatic tissues were examined under light microscopy, and islet size and cellularity were calculated.

Results

The histopathologic examination was unremarkable, but the mean number of islets per pancreatic tissue was lower in the burn group than in the sham group. We observed a significant difference in the mean number of cells per one islet between the 2 groups, with the cell count higher in the burn group (P < .05).

Conclusions

During the acute phase of burn injury in rats, we observed a decrease in the number of pancreatic islets with remarkable hypercellularity. Further studies are needed to determine the histological and cellular basis of these changes.

Applicability of Research to Practice

Major burn injury causes severe alterations in beta-cell mass, which increases and decreases both function and mass to maintain the glycemic level within a very narrow physiological range. Patients with acute and prolonged hyperglycemia can have complications leading to impaired wound healing, increased skin graft loss, increased muscle protein catabolism, increased incidence of infections, and mortality. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the pancreatic changes under different preexisting conditions and therapeutic interventions in the context of a major burn trauma might guide treatment options.
724 How Nursing Turnover Rates Effected a Series of Pediatric Mock Codes
Authors: Snyder Emily
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Pediatric mock codes (PMC) were first introduced to the Burn Trauma ICU (BTICU) in Fall 2020. The goal of the PMCs were to increase efficiency in a code situation and to increase nursing confidence. However, due to the unique timing of initiation, this hospital also chose to look at how turnover rates affected the outcomes of the PMCs. The time period chosen was during the COVID crisis and the unit had an increasing number of nurses leaving for contract positions.

Methods

The PMCs created were specifically designed to replicate the pediatric population the team cares for. A different PMC scenario was presented every six months for a total of four mock codes. The nurses completed the PMCs with a team approach, with each team consisting of two to six nurses. During the mock code, the nurse educator kept track of time, monitored role assignments and completion of major tasks, and ensured pre and post surveys were completed. The pre and post surveys evaluated the nurse’s self-confidence, biggest concern regarding a pediatric code, and if they had previously participated in a PMC.

Results

Over the period of two years, 82 participants were captured. However, these were not unique individuals, as some nurses participated in all four mock codes. It was expected that each time the mock code was completed, the number of nurses who had participated in PMC would increase. However, as time progressed, the rate of previous participation actually decreased.

Instead of improving on time to compressions or medication administration time, the times stayed the same over the two-year time frame. When evaluating the comments on the survey, the staff concerns also did not change over time. Medication administration remained the number one concern across all four mock codes. Even though the PMC did not improve skills, 100% of those who participated expressed an increase in confidence level.

Conclusions

Nursing units depend on novice nurses gaining knowledge and skills and progressing into the expert nurses on the unit. However, the loss of permanent staff and the hiring of new nurses has had an impact on this cycle. The unit lost many of its expert nurses before the new nurses had time to advance. This can be directly seen in the turnover rate and the previous participation in the PMC. Essentially this halted the unit as a whole from growing their skill set in the pediatric population. However, as the nursing market stabilizes, there are future plans to continue to evaluate the PMC skills and outcomes.

Applicability of Research to Practice

As nursing turnover rates increase, patient complications and outcomes should also be evaluated to see if a correlation is present.
726 Enteral Tube Clogging and Medication Administration Techniques
Authors: Rathjen Esther , Oehlertz Grace
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Many burn patients require long term enteral tube placement. Preventing clogging is essential for patient comfort as well as for preventing pauses in nutritional supplementation required for wound healing. While many studies have been done to measure nursing compliance with policies intended to prevent tube clogging, no research has been done on whether administering pills via enteral tube one at a time with a flush between actually prevents clogs. The purpose of this pilot study was to see if small bore enteral tubes clog more often when medications are given all at once in solution compared to when given individually with a flush between pills.

Methods

Two enteral tubes were connected to continuous tube feed by pump. The ends were placed in a bucket. Medications were crushed and administered through the tubes. Pills were given through the control one at a time with a flush between, and through the experimental tube all at once in solution. Water flushes were performed before and after medication administration and care was taken that all other conditions were the same between groups. Each med pass was done approximately 24-48 hours apart. If more than gentle, continuous pressure was required to administer the medications and flushes the tube was considered clogged.

Results

Medications were given through both tubes 36 times. Of the 72 administrations there were 10 clogs, 5 to the control tube and 5 to the experimental tube.

Conclusions

Results of this pilot study suggest that individually crushing and administering each pill when giving them through an enteral tube does not reduce the incidence of clogs. Considering the time demand and potential for increased fluid intake using this practice we propose giving all medications together in solution as a safe alternative. Especially in the burn population where accurate intake is vital for calculating fluid resuscitation, having a consistent protocol is essential. While the sample size of this study is too small to definitively say there is no difference between medication administration techniques, issues related to fluid and electrolyte balance as well as nursing compliance with policy should be considered when deciding to maintain the current standard of practice which has no basis in evidence

Applicability of Research to Practice

Administering medications through enteral tubes is a frequent nursing intervention. If applied to practice, these findings would change how nurses are taught to administer medications as well as change the process by which care is delivered on a daily basis.
737 Burn Data Management and Usage Across Canada: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Gus Eduardo , Sathiyamoorthy Thrmiga , Zhu Jane , Fish Joel
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Burn injuries account for significant morbidity in the Canadian population. Registries are an invaluable resource for the collection and interpretation of data surrounding disease and injury, answering research questions, and engendering benchmarking of quality-of-care indicators. Despite the rapid growth of registry science in the past decade in other jurisdictions, there has yet to be a burn registry developed for Canadian burn centres.

The objectives for this project are to characterize the current state of burn data collection, analysis, and dissemination, and to explore the interest of various burn centres in contributing to a Canada-wide burn registry.

Methods

A 23-item mixed methods survey was created using REDCap and electronically delivered to burn directors or research managers of 22 burn centres across Canada. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively.

Results

Sixteen (72%) complete survey responses were received. Many centres treat both pediatric and adult patients, and all centres collect acute inpatient burn data. Types of data collected included epidemiology (88%), outcomes (69%) and quality of care indicators (44%). Most burn units (56%) collected data using their hospital’s database. Data was largely used for institutional learning purposes (81%). Routine use included quality improvement (69%), clinical research (50%), and patient care (50%). A minority of institutions report using their data for external purposes, such as conference presentations (31%) or journal publications (19%). While all units are currently collecting data, half of the institutions did not analyze their data, and a majority (73%) of institutions did not benchmark their data against other institutions.

Feedback for creating a registry included overall strong support for the initiative. The most significant barrier perceived towards implementing a registry was cost, time, and human resources. Suggested measures to facilitate registry development included standardizing data entry and engagement with national and provincial institutions.

Conclusions

Although all Canadian burn centres are currently collecting data for institutional and quality improvement purposes, it is not routinely shared or used for benchmarking purposes. Burn centres demonstrated interest and support in contributing to a novel Canadian burn registry.

Applicability of Research to Practice

Future research may expand on initial themes outlined in our study to provide groundwork for the formation of a novel Canadian burn registry.
Geographies of dissociation: informality, ethical codes and fragmented labour regimes in the Sri Lankan apparel industry
Authors: Wickramasingha Shyamain
Published: May 2023

In this article, I use the emerging concept of geographies of dissociation to examine fragmented labour regimes in global production networks (GPNs). The article takes informality in the Sri Lankan apparel industry and the application of ethical codes as a case example. Using qualitative research methods, I provide a critical analytical lens through which the concept of dissociation makes visible what has been obscured through much of the debate on ethical codes. In so doing, the article makes three contributions to the debate on ethical codes and dissociation. First, I illuminate uneven geographies of ethical codes manifested through highly fragmented workplaces where some workers are excluded from the protection of ethical codes. In so doing, the article challenges the notion of homogenous workplaces, in which, dialectics of inclusion and exclusion of ethical codes often go unnoticed. Secondly, by illustrating bifurcated and inequal labour regimes, I argue that both association and dissociation practices can co-exist in the same workplace at the same time. This is in contrast to the existing works that mostly frame places of dissociation as distant and hidden from the association places. Third, I advance the concept of dissociation beyond its current framing to argue for a notion of collective dissociation emerging from fluid and complex social relations of multi-scalar actors. I argue that in GPNs, such collective practices of dissociation are possible and even necessary given the complex ways firms and non-firm actors are connected to each other from the global scale to the workplace.
Temperature as a factor controlling geographical distribution of greenNoctiluca scintillansin Southeast Asia
Authors: Furuya Ken , Kozono Kenta , Yasuda Mari , Omura Takuo , Borja Valeriano M , Lirdwitayaprasit Thaithaworn
Published: May 2023

The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans exists in two forms, green and red Noctiluca, with and without the photosynthetic endosymbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae, respectively. In Southeast Asia, green Noctiluca has a northern boundary of distribution in the Luzon Strait and the Vietnamese coast, approximately corresponding to the 25°C isotherm. We examined whether this boundary arose from the growth dependence of Noctiluca on temperature and/or that of P. noctilucae. We analyzed the effect of temperature on growth by examining one and four unialgal cultures of red and green Noctiluca, respectively, and two monocultures of the endosymbiont. Growth dependence on temperature was markedly different between host cells of green Noctiluca and monocultures of the endosymbiont, although some variations in growing temperature were observed among strains of both Noctiluca and the endosymbiont. Green Noctiluca grew at a temperature range of 20–31°C, whereas P. noctilucae did not grow at low temperatures ≤25°C. Growth rates of green Noctiluca were considerably higher when fed compared to monocultures. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of temperature on P. noctilucae growth is a crucial factor controlling the geographical distribution of green Noctiluca in the South China Sea. An implication of this finding is discussed in the context of global warming.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA–mediated spread of herbicide resistance in interspecific hybrids of pigweed
Authors: Koo Dal-Hoe , Sathishraj Rajendran , Nakka Sridevi , Ju Yoonha , Nandula Vijay K , Jugulam Mithila , Friebe Bernd , Gill Bikram S
Published: May 2023

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are found in many eukaryotic organisms. EccDNA-powered copy number variation plays diverse roles, from oncogenesis in humans to herbicide resistance in crop weeds. Here, we report interspecific eccDNA flow and its dynamic behavior in soma cells of natural populations and F1 hybrids of Amaranthus sp. The glyphosate-resistance (GR) trait is controlled by eccDNA-based amplification harboring the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene (eccDNA replicon), the molecular target of glyphosate. We documented pollen-mediated transfer of eccDNA in experimental hybrids between glyphosate-susceptible Amaranthus tuberculatus and GR Amaranthus palmeri. Experimental hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the eccDNA replicon in Amaranthus spinosus derived from GR A. palmeri by natural hybridization. FISH analysis also revealed random chromosome anchoring and massive eccDNA replicon copy number variation in soma cells of weedy hybrids. The results suggest that eccDNAs are inheritable across compatible species, contributing to genome plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution.
ʻItʼs Not “Uni” Work, itʼs Essential Learning to be a Police Officerʼ: Examining the Higher Education Elements of Police Education Qualifications Framework Programmes
Authors: Honess Richard , Clarke Scott
Published: May 2023

The two ʻpost entryʼ programmes of the Policing Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF); the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA) and Degree Holder Entry Programme (PCDA) have now been running for a few years, to the point where several learning points have been identified. This article discusses these programmes from the point of view of a consortium of Higher Education Providers (HEPs) delivering, in partnership, with several England and Wales Police Forces in the real world. It examines how the Higher Education elements have been integrated (or not) into police recruit education, examines and addresses many of the learning points that have arisen and what work still remains to fully integrate higher education into the police recruit learning process.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 as a potential marker of terminal effector peripheral T helper cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Etori Keishi , Tanaka Shigeru , Tamura Jun , Hattori Koto , Kagami Shin-Ichiro , Nakamura Junichi , Ohtori Seiji , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by destructive polyarthritis. CD4+ T cells are pivotal to its pathogenesis, and our previous study revealed the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is modulated by MTX treatment in CD4+ T cells of RA patients; however, the roles of FGFR1 in CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in RA patients.

Methods

The abundance of FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and synovium was determined. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on synovial CD4+ T cells to characterize FGFR1-positive cells. In addition, T cell activation status and cytokine production were determined using flow cytometry.

Results

The percentage of FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood was higher in RA patients than in healthy controls (P =0.0035). They were also present in the synovium of active RA patients. The results of scRNA-seq revealed that peripheral Th (Tph) cells preferentially expressed FGFR1. Additionally, these FGFR1-positive Tph cells displayed a terminal effector cell phenotype. Consistent with this finding, FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood expressed IL-21 and IFN-γ.

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence that FGFR1 marks terminal effector Tph cells in patients with RA.
Diagnostic delay is associated with uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease in AS: a study of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations in SpA
Authors: Michelena Xabier , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Marco-Pascual Carla , Almirall Miriam , Collantes-Estevez Eduardo , Font-Ugalde Pilar , López-Medina Clementina , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Morgan Ann W , Rodríguez Jesús , Juanola Xavier , Vázquez-Mellado Janitzia , Marzo-Ortega Helena
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To examine the prevalence of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations (EMM) and the association between diagnostic delay and their incidence in AS and PsA.

Methods

This was a retrospective, cohort study comprising two single centre cohorts in Europe and one multicentre cohort in Latin America (RESPONDIA). Crude prevalence of EMMs (uveitis, IBD and psoriasis) was calculated across geographic area and adjusted by direct standardization. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to assess the association between diagnostic delay and EMM incidence.

Results

Of 3553 patients, 2097 had AS and 1456 had PsA. The overall prevalence of uveitis was 22.9% (95% CI: 21.1, 24.8) in AS and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.9, 5.0) in PsA; 8.1% (95% CI: 7.0, 9.4) and 2.1% (1.3, 2.9), respectively, for IBD; and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.7, 12.4) and 94.6% (93.0, 95.9), respectively, for psoriasis. The EMM often presented before the arthritis (uveitis 45.1% and 33.3%, and IBD 37.4% and 70%, in AS and PsA, respectively). In the multivariable model, longer diagnostic delay (≥5 years) associated with more uveitis (hazard ratio [HR] 4.01; 95% CI: 3.23, 4.07) and IBD events (HR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.67) in AS. Diagnostic delay was not significantly associated with uveitis (HR 1.57; 95% CI: 0.69, 3.59) or IBD events (HR 1.59; 95% CI: 0.39, 6.37) in PsA.

Conclusion

EMMs are more prevalent in AS than PsA and often present before the onset of the articular disease. A longer diagnostic delay is associated with the ‘de novo’ appearance of uveitis and IBD in AS, highlighting the need to enhance diagnostic strategies to shorten the time from first symptom to diagnosis in SpA.
Visceral adiposity in cirrhosis: Association with disease severity and impact of liver transplantation
Authors: Sharma Rajani , Schluger Aaron , Ahmed Firas S. , Nobel Yael R. , Guo Xiaotao , Zhao Binsheng , Verna Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Changes in adipose tissue distribution in liver cirrhosis are poorly characterized and may affect clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Adult liver transplant (LT) January 2008–August 2017 recipients with abdominal MRI within 6 months pre-LT were retrospectively assessed. Visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle area (cm2) were determined at L3. Visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR) was used to define relative adipose distribution, stratified by sex. Correlation was tested with Pearson. Body composition measures were compared by Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class, before and after LT, and evaluated as predictors of clinical outcomes.

Results:

A total of 318 patients were studied. Mean age was 56 years, 33.64% were female, and 47.80% had CTP C cirrhosis. CTP C was associated with a 0.42-point increase in VSR compared with CTP A (95% CI = 0.13–0.71, p < 0.01), adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, and HCC. Among the 79 (24.84%) patients with repeat MRI 1–2 years after LT, VSR significantly improved from before LT (1.31 vs. 0.95, p < 0.01). In adjusted analysis, CTP C was associated with a 0.86-point decrease in post-LT VSR compared with pre-LT VSR (95% CI = −1.27 to −0.44, p < 0.01). Body mass index poorly correlated with VSR before and after LT. Elevated pre-LT VSR trended toward an association with a 7.17-point decrease in pre-LT glomerular filtration rate (95% CI = −14.35 to −0.02, p = 0.05), adjusting for CTP C, age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, pre-LT sarcopenia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Elevated pre-LT VSR did not affect 3-year post-LT mortality (log-rank p = 0.24).

Conclusions:

Poorly represented by body mass index, visceral adiposity is increased in cirrhosis and is associated with CTP class. However, this adipose redistribution may be modifiable by LT.
Clinical spectrum and genetic causes of mitochondrial hepatopathy phenotype in children
Authors: Squires James E. , Miethke Alexander G. , Valencia C. Alexander , Hawthorne Kieran , Henn Lisa , Van Hove Johan L.K. , Squires Robert H. , Bove Kevin , Horslen Simon , Kohli Rohit , Molleston Jean P. , Romero Rene , Alonso Estella M. , Bezerra Jorge A. , Guthery Stephen L. , Hsu Evelyn , Karpen Saul J. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Ng Vicky L. , Rosenthal Philip , Mysore Krupa , Wang Kasper S. , Friederich Marisa W. , Magee John C. , Sokol Ronald J. ,   On behalf of the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
Published: May 2023

Background:

Alterations in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA genes affect mitochondria function, causing a range of liver-based conditions termed mitochondrial hepatopathies (MH), which are subcategorized as mtDNA depletion, RNA translation, mtDNA deletion, and enzymatic disorders. We aim to enhance the understanding of pathogenesis and natural history of MH.

Methods:

We analyzed data from patients with MH phenotypes to identify genetic causes, characterize the spectrum of clinical presentation, and determine outcomes.

Results:

Three enrollment phenotypes, that is, acute liver failure (ALF, n = 37), chronic liver disease (Chronic, n = 40), and post-liver transplant (n = 9), were analyzed. Patients with ALF were younger [median 0.8 y (range, 0.0, 9.4) vs 3.4 y (0.2, 18.6), p < 0.001] with fewer neurodevelopmental delays (40.0% vs 81.3%, p < 0.001) versus Chronic. Comprehensive testing was performed more often in Chronic than ALF (90.0% vs 43.2%); however, etiology was identified more often in ALF (81.3% vs 61.1%) with mtDNA depletion being most common (ALF: 77% vs Chronic: 41%). Of the sequenced cohort (n = 60), 63% had an identified mitochondrial disorder. Cluster analysis identified a subset without an underlying genetic etiology, despite comprehensive testing. Liver transplant-free survival was 40% at 2 years (ALF vs Chronic, 16% vs 65%, p < 0.001). Eighteen (21%) underwent transplantation. With 33 patient-years of follow-up after the transplant, 3 deaths were reported.

Conclusions:

Differences between ALF and Chronic MH phenotypes included age at diagnosis, systemic involvement, transplant-free survival, and genetic etiology, underscoring the need for ultra-rapid sequencing in the appropriate clinical setting. Cluster analysis revealed a group meeting enrollment criteria but without an identified genetic or enzymatic diagnosis, highlighting the need to identify other etiologies.
Natriuretic peptides as predictors for atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Yujing , Nie Boyuan , Gao Binbin , Guo Caixia , Li Li
Published: May 2023

Background:

Catheter ablation (CA) has become the first-line treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) but remains with a substantial recurrence rate. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association between baseline natriuretic peptide levels and AF recurrence after CA.

Methods:

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wiley-Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up until May 2022. Overall effect analysis and subgroup analysis were performed with Review Manager software.

Results:

Finally, 61 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the nonrecurrence group, the recurrence group had increased baseline level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.56), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71), N-terminal pro-BNP (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92), and midregional N-terminal pro-ANP (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.27–1.56).

Conclusions:

Increased baseline natriuretic peptide levels, including ANP, BNP, N-terminal pro-BNP, and midregional N-terminal pro-ANP, are associated with a higher risk of AF recurrence after CA. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to elucidate the predictive value of baseline natriuretic peptides in AF patients undergoing CA.
Mediating effects of future time perspective on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout in college students: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Yang Li , Shi Da Qin , Xiang Rui Jia
Published: May 2023

With the rise of positive psychology, educators gradually pay attention to the construction of psychological capital of college students. Mindfulness is linked to learning burnout; however, little research has examined how mindfulness is associated with learning burnout via future time perspective. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between mindfulness state, future time perspective and learning burnout of college students, and explore the mediating effect of future time perspective on mindfulness and learning burnout. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 358 college students were enrolled from Harbin Medical university. General information questionnaire, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the learning burnout scale and The Future Time Perspective Scale were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. There was negative correlation between positive mindfulness and learning burnout (r = −0.41, P < .01), and positive correlation between future time perspective and mindfulness (r = 0.38, P < .01), and negative correlation with learning burnout (r = −0.37, P < .01). Furthermore, future time perspective (β = −0.40, P < .01) had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout. Educators should improve the mindfulness of college students by developing and implementing future time perspective, in order to improve their learning burnout.