bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Appraisal of Tehran Firefighting Stations in Attempted and Threating Suicide with National and Global Standards (The First 6 Months of 2018)
Authors: Damirchi Esmaeil Sadri , Kheirdast Afrasyab , Grjibovski Andrej M , Khodabandehlou Eslamali , Pireinaladin Saeed
Published: March 2022

Background: We aimed to compare the performance of Tehran firefighting stations in the incidents of suicide attempt and threats among Tehran citizens using international standards.
Methods:  A research method was a descriptive-analytical study based on library studies. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods such as single group t-test and independent t-test. The statistical population of this study included all citizens in 22 districts of Tehran City that committed or threated to commit suicide in the 2018 year. They were selected in a targeted manner. All data were extracted and analyzed through the fire department in the first half of 2018 in the action and threat of suicide.
Results: Men commit suicide more than women do. Moreover, the average time of exit from station and the average travel time are shorter than Iranian and world standards. The people saved by firefighters outnumber the people who died in suicide, which indicates the satisfactory performance of firefighters in relief and rescue operations. In suicide operations, according to the general results obtained from statistical calculations of departure time from the station and the average travel time, which are the two main factors in evaluating the performance of firefighters in suicide accidents, which in comparison with international standards. It was significantly lower and the performance of firefighters was positive.
Conclusion: The average duration of exit from station and the average travel time, are significantly lower than international standards, which demonstrates the good performance of firefighters.
Time to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Different Type of Shift Work among Steel Workers: A Survival Study
Authors: Nikpour Abolfazl , Gholami Fesharaki Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background: There have been few reports on relationships between Shift Work (SW) and time to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). This research explores the relation between SW and time to NIHL among male workers.
Methods: Between 1990 and 2015, this historical cohort study was conducted. Two different definitions events (Low Frequency Hearing (LFH) and High Frequency Hearing (HFH)) of NIHL An average pure-tone hearing threshold was thresholds at 1, 1.5 and 2 kHz for LFH(un-normal>20) and 4, 6 and 8 kHz for HFH (un-normal>20) for Air (AC) and Bone (BC) conduction, in both ears, respectively. In this study Kaplan–Meier and Multilevel Cox Model in addition R version 3.2.1 and MLWiN software used to analysis data. P-values less than 0.05 are considered to be statistically significant
Results: There were 6632 male workers in the research survey (mean age=35(±5)). Among these subjects, 2678 (40%),278 (4%) and 3676 (56%) were Day Workers (DW), Weekly Rotating Shift workers (WRS) and Routinely Rotating Shift workers (RRS), respectively. The result of this study showed more hazard risk of ear problem in LFH (Hazard=1.55 with 95% CI= (1.06-1.39)) and HFH (Hazard=1.08 with 95% CI= (1.04-1.13)) in RRS rather than day workers. In WRS group ear problem has been seen just in LFH (Hazard=1.55 with 95% CI= (1.2-2.0)).
Conclusion: The findings of the 15-year historical cohort study generally support a relationship between SW and time to NIHL. Therefore, more actions in the field of noise control, greater use of safety devices as well as increased staff training on the use of safety devices recommended for shift worker.
Influence of Exposure to Particulate Matter on Circulating Lev-els of Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: Cho Su-Youn , So Wi-Young , Roh Hee-Tae
Published: March 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Investigating the Causes of Lack of Reporting Medical Errors from the Viewpoint of Nursing Authorities in All Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Authors: Nourizadeh Tehrani Pedram , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad Hadi , Safaei Lari Majid , Panah Dolat Abad Mobarakeh Ali
Published: March 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Ecological Problems of Gorgan Bay in the Southeast Corner of the Caspian Sea (Iran) and Ways of Improvement
Authors: Aali Rahim , Shahryari Ali
Published: March 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
A Step toward a Sustainable Diet by Reducing Carbon Footprint: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Noormohammadi Morvarid , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Rezazadeh Arezoo , Omidvar Nasrin , Sobhani Seyyed Reza
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have caused environmental effects. Food production is one of the sources of GHGs. This study aimed to suggest dietary scenarios for decreasing GHG emissions.
Materials and Methods: GHG emissions in the target population of Urmia city, Northwest Iran, were investigated using a modeling approach. Three dietary scenarios were modeled and analyzed to evaluate and compare GHG emissions. The objectives and decision variables of the three scenarios included minimizing the carbon footprint and intake of food items, respectively. In the first scenario, the amount of energy intake was equal to baseline energy intake. The second scenario maintained the same energy intake constraint as the first scenario and made further alterations by considering the number of serving sizes suggested by the food pyramid for each food group. The third scenario was mostly based on this model by accounting for dietary reference intake for macronutrients, micronutrients, and energy.
Results: There was about 72% and 55.67% reduction in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq) production in the first and second scenarios rather than the baseline diet of 4072.10 g CO2 eq, respectively. In the final scenario, the CO2 eq emissions were less than half of the baseline diet.
Conclusion: The study showed that a healthy diet with a higher proportion of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, and dairy, and a lower share of red and white meat, egg, grains, fat and oil, and sweets can reduce CO2 eq emissions.
A Green Approach to Safe Domestic Drinking Water Supply by Using Solar Geyser
Authors: Rabbani Davarkhah , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Shaterian Maryam , Hesamifard Reyhaneh , Rezvani Ghalhari Mohammad , Kabiri Morteza , Mostafaii Gholamreza
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Accessibility to safe drinking water is an important human health issue, so water reuse and water resources management are critical in arid parts of developing  regions. This study aimed to investigate the use of a combined simple designed solar geyser/photocell for drinking water disinfection.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a solar geyser with a simple design was combined with a solar cell and its efficiency on the disinfection of contaminated water was investigated. This study was carried out with artificially polluted tap water by a solar geyser joined with a solar photovoltaic cell. The heated water (55°C) was kept for 2 hours using a solenoid valve. The pilot plant was operated and monitored for one year. The volume of the collected effluent was measured every 24 h. The most probably number (MPN) of total coliforms and fecal coliforms in 100 mL of 24-hour composed samples were measured.
Results: The mean volume of disinfected water production was calculated as 2095.74 ± 270.28 mL/day. The strongest correlation was found between disinfected water and the maximum daily ambient air temperature with a linear model (R2 = 0.9937). The results showed that by increasing the sunny time, the volume of water outlet increased. Therefore, sunny time and UV radiation have direct effect on volume of disinfected water.
Conclusion: The simple designed solar geyser for drinking water disinfection was efficient and recommended for tropical areas, emergency conditions, and farms for agricultural activities.
Electrochemical Oxidation Approach towards the Treatment of Acetamiprid Pesticide from Polluted Water
Authors: Dolatabadi Maryam , Hajebrahimi Zahra , Malekahmadi Roya , Ahmadzadeh Saeid
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Acetamiprid (AP) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the neonicotinoid class. AP residues in the environment have received considerable due to their potential toxicity to humans. Therefore, it is important to remove AP from the aqueous solution.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used as an efficient approach to optimize the removal of AP using the electro-Fenton (EF) process. The effects of the main variables, including reaction time, AP concentration, current density, and H2O2 dosage were investigated and optimized. ANOVA technique was also used to identify the Fisher’s value (F-value) and P-value of the model.
Results: The predicted AP removal efficiency by the model was in good agreement with the obtained experimental results with correlation regression of 0.9885. The ANOVA test proved that the developed quadratic model was significant with very low P-values less than 0.05, the high F-value of 240.1, and regression coefficients close to 1 at a 95% confidence level. The optimum condition for AP removal efficiency of 99.02% was attained at the reaction time of 12 min, AP concentration of 3.5 mg L-1, the current density of 12 mA cm-2, and H2O2 dosage of 86 µL.
Conclusion: RSM was employed as a suitable method to optimize the operating condition and maximize the AP removal. Herein, the EF process as an eco-friendly electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) successfully applied to remove AP from the water and wastewater.
Community-Based Disaster Mitigation: Knowledge and Social Capital in Reducing the Impact of Disaster
Authors: Purba Ririn , Rusmiyati Chatarina , Andari Soetji , Suryani Suryani , Ulil Absor Muh.
Published: March 2022

The National Disaster Management Agency reported that 383 out of 514 districts/municipalities throughout Indonesia are prone to natural disasters. Social capital is seen as one of the community strengths in disaster mitigation strategies. This study examined the model of community-based disaster mitigation, the level of knowledge and the social capital of the communities in disaster-prone areas in Semarang Municipality and Situbondo District. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, interviewing 120 respondents. We found that men had better knowledge of disaster mitigation than women. The involvement of men in awareness-raising about disaster mitigation activities was also higher than women. As a result, women are more vulnerable during a disaster. This study also found a variation in community understanding regarding disaster mitigation and social capital in the two locations. Respondents in Semarang, which is an urban community, reported a lower level of knowledge on disaster mitigation and social capital. Respondents from Situbondo reported higher social capital in four dimensions, including trust, norms, values, and networks. The geographical location and culture likely explain the variation. This reflects that urban areas are more vulnerable than rural areas in disaster mitigation.
Keywords: community knowledge, disaster, mitigation, social capital
The Loss of a Generation: A Study on Children Whose Parents Were Victims of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Sinuraya Suci Iriani , Faidati Nur
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children’s living conditions and quality of life. The present qualitative study investigated the conditions of children whose parents were victims of COVID-19. The project was carried out from July to September 2021 in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. At the time of the study there were 614 children in Sleman who had lost their parents. Our study revealed that the pandemic worsened the living conditions of children, particularly those whose parents passed away because of COVID-19. Children had feelings of a bleak future due to the loss of parents, were confused about how to survive and pay for living expenses and school fees, anxious about being abandoned by parents who had been their protectors, worried about their upbringing, and experienced feelings of loneliness and frustration. Hence, further actions need to be taken by both the government and social activists in order to deal with these problems. Based on the research findings, we present policy recommendations for stakeholders in order to deal with the children’s conditions.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, children, parents, loss of generation
Implementation of an Emergency Community Restriction Policy (PPKM Darurat) for COVID-19 Mitigation in Surabaya
Authors: Pribadi Frita Ayu
Published: March 2022

Various efforts have been made by the government in Indonesia with the aim of reducing the number of COVID-19 cases, one of which is the implementation of emergency community activity restrictions (PPKM Darurat), which was carried out from July 3 to the extension of July 25, 2021. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of this policy in the city of Surabaya. The theoretical model of Grindle was used, with two successful policy implementations consisting of content of policy and context of implementation. This research used qualitative descriptive methods and secondary data sources such as books, scientific journals, related internet websites, official government reports, and others. The results demonstrated that the content of policy indicators had not been explained in detail regarding the administrative sanctions for those who violated the PPKM Darurat policy. Meanwhile, following the implementation of the PPKM Darurat policy, the number of COVID-19 cases in Surabaya did not decrease.
Keywords: policy implementation, PPKM Darurat, COVID-19
Comparative Framing: Media Strategy in Public Communication Policy
Authors: Anshori Mahfud , Pawito Pawito , Kartono Drajat Tri , Hastjarjo Sri
Published: March 2022

Framing is one of the most misunderstood concepts in political communication studies. It roots from epistemological problems, framing appropriately as a ”method” to framing’s concept itself. Framing is the process of construction and negotiation of public policy issues influenced by discourse contestation, where one view on a particular issue will be offered, negotiated, and then accepted or rejected as a dominant discourse that becomes the background of a policy. This study employed comparative framing to investigate the dimension of media framing as a media strategy. We examined how media strategies are applied to frame the same issue. This research concluded that at the level of event-driven news, the media has a similar frame strategy. Furthermore, contrast frames occur in micro-issues due to the influence of media characteristics, historical-ideological factors, and media organizational structures.
Keywords: framing, governance, political communication, policy
The Role of Governments in Developing MSMEs in Line with Social Changes Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bakhtiar Sofyan , Ramlan Pratiwi , Saleh Wahyuni , Andreani Andi Riska , Herman Bahtiar
Published: March 2022

MSMEs are one of many industries that have been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic that has swept the globe, particularly in Indonesia. Since the Covid-19 virus was declared a pandemic two years ago, MSMEs have seen a significant drop in turnover. In addition to MSMEs’ adaptation and creativity, the development of MSMEs undoubtedly necessitates government help to assist enterprises in surviving and competing in the contemporary era. The goal of this study was to look at the government’s role in establishing MSMEs in light of the COVID-19 pandemic’s socio-economic changes. Descriptive qualitative approaches were used, as well as data gathering techniques such as observation, interviewing, and documentation. According to the findings, the government has aided the development of MSMEs by, for example, providing assistance through people’s business loans, simplifying business permits, lowering the percentage of income taxes, and providing business assistance; however, during the pandemic, rules such as social distancing, activity restrictions, and operating hour restrictions have resulted in a decrease in MSME income. Providing support/intensive aid to MSMEs is still critical, and using technology as a digital marketing medium is a way to stay afloat in the face of societal changes that limit outside operations.
Keywords: MSME, developing, social changes, Covid-19 pandemic
Stakeholder Analysis in the Development of Saba Budaya Baduy
Authors: . Ardiyansah , Farida Naili , Warsono Hardi , . Kushandajani
Published: March 2022

Developing countries in the Asian region use cultural tourism to boost their economies. One of the traditional village tours on the island of Java that still upholds ancestral values is that of the Baduy indigenous people. The development of Saba Budaya Baduy involves collaboration between the government, the private sector and universities, but the form of cooperation that is carried out is not optimal and involves a pattern of asymmetry or imbalance in the roles of each stakeholder. This study aimed to analyze the role of stakeholders in the development of Saba Budaya Baduy. A qualitative approach was used and interviews were conducted with the Baduy indigenous people and other stakeholders. The results demonstrated that there were different levels of roles in stakeholders. Based on the category groups, the government was the key stakeholder; businesses, universities, and the Baduy indigenous people were the primary stakeholders; and NGOs and the mass media were secondary stakeholders. The government element was in quadrant I (key players); elements of academics, the private sector, and indigenous people were in quadrant II (context setters); NGO elements were in quadrant III (subjects); and elements of mass media were in quadrant IV (crowd). Relationships with the government could involve complementarity and cooperation. The relationship between the government and the private sector could take the form of conflict, complementarity, or cooperation. The relationship between the government and universities could involve complementarity or cooperation. Relations with NGOs could take the form of cooperation. The relationship between the government and mass media could involve complementarity or cooperation, and the relationship between the government and indigenous people could be in the form of conflict, complementarity, or cooperation.
Keywords: stakeholder analysis, Saba Budaya Baduy, Baduy indigenous people
Smart Governance: A Study of the Jakarta Smart City During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Firman Firman , Sumatono Sumatono , Muluk MR Khairul , Setyowati Endah
Published: March 2022

This study focused on the problems of smart city governance in Indonesia, especially in the implementation of smart governance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jakarta Smart City. Smart governance can help provide information and influence governance in handling COVID-19. This study examined the development of smart city governance in contributing to the handling of COVID-19, especially in providing smart information to stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of policies. This study also investigated the development of technological, institutional and human capital aspects. Data were collected from websites and smart city media in Jakarta such as Citizen Relations Management, Open data, Qlue applications, Jakarta Kini ( Jaki), and the Jakarta Smart City portal. The results showed the technical aspects that influenced the development of smart city governance, in terms of the basis for digitizing government that led to urban intelligence, as well as the institutional and human capital aspects which were also needed to support the success of the smart city.
Keywords: smart city governance, Jakarta smart city, COVID-19 pandemic
Assessing Tax Reform as a Journey to Tax Administration
Authors: Aribowo Irwan , Kamilah Niswatun Nurul , Kumar Jai , Rofi'ah Laily
Published: March 2022

This study examined whether the initiatives carried out by the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) as part of a series of tax reforms have met the characteristics of the six building blocks in the development of Tax Administration 3.0 as formulated by the OECD. The research was conducted using a literature review of the tax reform volume III that is being implemented by the DGT and of the Tax Administration 3.0 model developed by the OECD. The data in this study were secondary data collected from various reports and studies. There were several findings, including about a large number of characteristics in the ”established” phase towards Tax Administration 3.0 that were carried out and designed by the DGT. However, there were some building-block characteristics that require collaboration with other parties and so which need to be a concern of the government, such as the single identity number project for digital identification, the implementation of the pay as you earn (PAYE) system in the daily life of taxpayers, and a governance framework to increase the involvement of various stakeholders in tax administration.
Keywords: OECD, Tax Administration 3.0, tax reform
Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancy From a Gender Perspective
Authors: Sulistiyanto Henri , Nurhaeni Ismi Dwi Astuti , Fithri An Nisa
Published: March 2022

Adolescent pregnancy is increasing annually with the rising number of teenage girls. Government policies regulating family planning pose a dilemma for couples. These policies increase the prevalence of unmet needs among adolescents. This research aimed to describe the phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy from a gender perspective, using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed an increase in adolescent pregnancies, specifically from 559 cases in 2017, to 684 in 2018, 897 in 2019 and 806 in 2020. The family environment, especially unhappy parents, is a determinant of unwanted pregnancy in adolescents. Early marriage is a common alternative in an effort to “improve the social image of the family in society”. This suggests that women bear the brunt of gender inequality, but gender inequality is fundamentally dangerous for everyone and ultimately detrimental to the national economy.
Keywords: adolescent, unmet need, KTD, parents, gender, culture
The Online Learning Policies in UIN Suska Riau During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fithriyyah Mustiqowati Ummul , Marwah Nadatul , April Muhammad
Published: March 2022

This research was carried out after the implementation of online learning policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was associated with various obstacles in the learning process. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim (UIN Suska) in Riau. The objectives of this research were: 1) to determine how online learning policies were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic; and 2) to examine the barriers to implementing these policies. This study used qualitative descriptive methods and Van Meter and Van Horn’s policy implementation models. The findings indicated that the online learning policies were successfully implemented, even though they were not optimally carried out. The barriers to implementation were inadequate connectivity speeds, lack of enthusiasm and response from students during the learning process, the increasing burden of internet quota, and unfavorable environmental conditions.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, implementation, online learning
Implementation of E-Government Policies in Bali
Authors: Wisnumurti A.A Gede Oka , Candranegara I Made Wimas , Anggriyani Ni Made
Published: March 2022

The advancement of information technology has led to opportunities for better, more accountable, faster and more satisfying bureaucratic services. Governments can promote prosperity for the people by providing facilities or services, for example making a website so that the public can access information with ease. The impact of globalization can be seen from the inclusion of various technologies capable of supporting the procedures and functions of various elements of the government. The Government of Bali Province applies and facilitates e-government in carrying out its government affairs. The Office of Communication, Information and Statistics of Bali Province began implementing e-government services in 2016 following the Law no. 11 of 2001 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and Law no. 14 of 2008 concerning openness of public information. The Governor of Bali Province regulation number 102 of 2016 stated that the Office of Communication, Information and Statistics of Bali Province has the task of helping the Governor to carry out deconcentration tasks, which are led by a Head of Service, who is under and responsible to the Governor through the Regional Secretary.
Keywords: implementation of policies, e-government, public services
Effectiveness of Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Compared to Outpatient Procedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Dorri Kafrani Sajjad , Shabaninejad Hosein , Vatankhah Sodabeh , Maleki Mohammadreza
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The growing trend of renal failure has focused clinical therapy on the cost-effective alternatives such as peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, the present study has investigated the effectiveness of two methods of continuous and automatic peritoneal dialysis in the patients with end stage renal disease.
Methods: This study was conducted in the form of a systematic review. Advanced search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus databases, and in title, abstract, and keyword fields without any restrictions. The inclusion criteria included clinical trial research focused on two methods of peritoneal dialysis. The process of data extraction was performed, using a standard checklist. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Cochrane quality assessment checklist and the results of the indicators were analyzed in the form of meta-analysis.
Results: A total of 5 clinical trials, including 311 patients, were included in the study. All studies had high quality. Automated method has the advantage of continuous procedure in terms of complications such as mortality (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.48 to 4.21), peritonitis (RR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.29), exit-site (RR:1.07,95% CI 0.52 to 2.15) and tunnel (RR 1.01,95%CI 0.18 to 5.67). The kt/v index was better in the automatic method than the continuous method (SMD 0.37, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.73), on the other hand, creatinine clearance in the continuous method was better than the automatic method (SMD -0.40, 95%CI 0.78 to 0.02).
Conclusion: The side effects of the two treatment methods did not differ, but considering the indicators of dialysis adequacy, creatinine clearance was performed better in the continuous outpatient method, while the results of the kt/v index in the automatic method were better. In terms of cost items, along with clinical indicators, it seems that final decision-making for macro-health policies has helped.
Histopathological Study of Gastric Polypoid Lesions in Patients Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd from 2011-2016
Authors: Moghimi Mansour , Derakhshani Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathology  of gastric polypoid lesions in the patients and its relationship with gender, age and the size of the lesion in the patients referred to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd City.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sampling method was census; the records of all the patients with diagnosis of polypoid gastric lesions during the years 2011-2016 were examined. Among these, the information of 102 patients with a diagnosis of gastric polypoid lesion in the pathology examination, including the type of lesion, anatomical location and size along with gender and age was recorded in SPSS software version 16. Data analysis were run through Chi – square test, t test and ANOVA.
Results: In this study, 52% of the patients were in the age group of 50-69 years. The most frequency was  related to the female sex (67.6%), the most common lesions were hyperplastic polyp (56.9%) and polypoid gastritis (17.6%).The most common location of lesions was antrum (35.3% ) and the lowest prevalence was fundus (11.8%). Most polypoid lesions of the stomach were 5-9 mm in size. The results showed that different types of lesions differed significantly in size (P=0.019) and there was no significant relationship between age group and type of lesion (P=0.418), sex and type of lesion (P=0.053).
Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that the most common type of gastric polyoid lesion is hyperplastic polyp and the most common location is the antrum. The largest polyp is inflammatory fibroid polyp.
Investigation of the Bacterial Bioaerosols in the Air of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Jahanabad Meybod Industrial Town
Authors: Salaree Mohammad , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hasan , Teimouri Fahimeh , Sadeh Maryam , Madadizadeh Farzan , Eslami Gilda , Sotanianzadeh Zahra , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In recent decades, with the emergence of new industrial activities and increase production of waste production, industries require the existence of treatment equipment and sanitation. These devices sometimes spread infectious microorganisms into the air. These include waste recycling industries and wastewater treatment plants. Bioaerosols are produced at different stages of the wastewater treatment process, especially in processes such as mobile mechanisms and aeration.
Methods: In this study, air sampling was performed from different units of the treatment plant and indoor air. the plates were placed in an incubator for 24-48 hours at a temperature of 35 to 37 ° C. Then the number of bacterial colonies grown on the culture media was counted and recorded as CFU/m3.
Results: The results showed that the average population of bacterial aerosols was higher in summer than in spring. Also, the highest bacterial population was observed in spring in indoor air with an average of 187.58±13.41 CFU/m3 and in summer in a equalization unit with an average of 202.89±12.11 CFU/m3.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the number of bacterial bioaerosols increases in warm seasons. Also, the equalization unit had a high ability to produce bacterial bioaerosols. Finally, It can be said that increasing the distance from the source of contamination causes a significant reduction in the number of bacterial bioaerosols.
Investigating of Knowledge and Attitude of Karaj Students in the Field of Reproductive Health and related factors in 2021
Authors: Hamedani Zeinab , Ahmadi Golnoosh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Reproductive health is the complete physical, mental, emotional and social health associated with the reproductive system. According to the statement of the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development, young people have the right to know and have access to reproductive health services so that they can make informed decisions about their fertility issues, and governments are required to provide these services. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of Karaj students in the field of reproductive health in 1400.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire on 401 students of different fields and levels of study in Karaj.
Results: Knowledge in 36.8% of participants was at a good level (score more than 75%), in 60.9% of them was moderate (score 25 to 75%) and in 2% was poor (score less than 25%). In terms of attitudes toward premarital sex, 23.2 percent agreed with boys having sex before marriage, 26.4 percent had no opinion, and 54.1 percent disagreed. 19.5% agreed with girls having sex before marriage, 21.9% had no opinion and 54.1% disagreed.
Conclusion: According to the findings, policy-making is a necessity in order to develop formal reproductive and sexual health education programs for young people.
Estudo da eficiência energética de uma caldeira flamotubular em uma indústria de lacticínios
Authors: Cruz Marlons Lino da , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Campos Júlio Cesar Costa , Silva Charles Luiz da
Published: March 2022

Neste estudo foi realizada uma análise da caldeira flamotubular horizontal, com ante fornalha e grelha aquatubular, de categoria B, movida a combustível sólido (toras de madeira). Essa caldeira possui capacidade de produção de 2500 kgV/hora, Pressão Máxima de Trabalho Admissível (PMTA) de 833,56 kPa e Pressão de teste Hidrostático (PTH) de 1.250,34 kPa e está instalada em uma fábrica de laticínios situada na cidade de São Geraldo – MG. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudo da eficiência térmica, levando em consideração os métodos diretos e indiretos, de propostas de melhoria dessa eficiência e uma apresentação dos procedimentos de operação e manutenção desse equipamento. No decorrer do trabalho foram investigados e analisados os dados técnicos desse equipamento, do combustível, além dos impactos ambientais causados pela queima desse combustível e de parâmetros que interferem na eficiência térmica da caldeira. Foi encontrado um rendimento térmico de 74,65%, com uma perda de 25,35%, referentes a 11,18% dos gases secos de combustão, 5,50% dos gases úmidos de combustão, 4,30 da umidade do combustível, 4,00% por radiação de convecção, 0,25% pela umidade do ar de alimentação, 0,08% pela queima incompleta do combustível e 0,04% pelas cinzas não queimadas.
Entrepreneur in the Romanian Pre-university Education System
Authors: Nedelcu Delia
Published: March 2022

The speed of the changes we are facing nowadays, the development, the transformations in most areas of activity, also affect the Romanian pre-university education system, which is trying hard to keep up with them, but in the same way the life and development of the students are affected. The parents who have entered this vortex of evolution, the time spent with children is not very long, it is insufficient. The development of children at the age of the small school and even of the secondary school pupils is strongly linked to the attention, encouragement and support for self-knowledge by the adults. Last but not least, the most common use of modern assessment tools, as well as the highly charged school syllabus in the Romanian educational system, have put parents in difficulty in helping and supporting their own children, students of this system. The educational alternatives, such as private schools, step by step, after-school and before-school, have become as much demanded by parents. The establishment of an after-school, before-school, implies a combination of the needs of students and parents facing problems. Modern techniques and materials used in a private school can change the entire education process. Remember, with the business idea, what turns a visionary teacher into an entrepreneur.
Dangerous Demographic Change Reinforces Europe’s Declining Image
Authors: Negreponti-Delivanis Maria , Panagoreţ Ioana
Published: March 2022

Currently, one of the main factors that shows us a picture of Europe's decline is that of demographic change. This process of decline of the West is marked by more than five decades of several indicators and evolutions that show us that although the time of Western civilization is beginning to run out, a new one appears, namely that of the East. This process of decline in which there is an extreme and unprecedented form of capitalism appears more pronounced in Europe compared to the United States and is characterized by: corruption, alienation of peoples from their roots, religion, history, low birth rates, massive flows of migrants and refugees, the totalitarian tendency of governments. Although the signs of decline are numerous, in this paper we will analyze certain demographic developments observed mainly in Europe and which we consider from several points of view dangerous. In addition to these developments, which we consider quite dangerous, globalization is the most important. The paper is structured in four parts, in the first part being presented the basic trends and variations from the population's perspective. In the second and third part are presented the main causes and effects of these variations of the populations and in the fourth part the conclusions of this study. Most of the interpretive analysis of this unwanted stagnation process is based on demographic erosion, population aging, low middle class rates, the invasion of migrants and refugees that change the cultures of the host nations.
Management of Activities “School after School”
Authors: Popescu Delia-Mioara , Miu (Rotaru) Florica , Manache (Șerban) Alina
Published: March 2022

The Romanian teacher is in a permanent change, which is why education is required to go beyond this context. Therefore, the school, in addition to the educational preparation of the student, must consider its education in non-formal and informal environments. In order to be able to carry out and implement such activities, the Ministry of National Education has elaborated the Methodology for organizing the "School after School" Program, through OMECTS no. 5349 / 07.09.2011, an official document, which presents the legislative framework in order to be successful. With the help of local authorities, these programs are much more flexible. They are carried out under the guise of educational projects and help the student both in the preparation of the subjects, as well as in various recreational activities, depending on his skills. An efficient partnership between the three factors involved in the educational process, the school and local authorities on the one hand, and the family on the other, implies mutual respect and trust, but also efficient communication and collaboration. All these concerns have as main objective to find the methods by which the students acquire the necessary knowledge to be able to cope with the daily changes of the society. As the learning must be carried out permanently, not only within the formal framework of the school, the local authority comes to support the family and the school so that the learning environment does not suffer and offers the student comfort.
Digital Transformation in Romania and Bulgaria
Authors: Shishmаnov Krasimir
Published: March 2022

Innovative approaches to and methods for designing successful business strategies have changed consumer requirements and habits. Traditional business processes have thus been adapted to a virtual environment and the process of digital transformation. Digitization is a process which can be defined as transforming business models and processes into digital ones. In most cases, they are a combination of different types of operations, such as e-commerce, Internet marketing or smart manufacturing. One of the major advantages brought by digitalisation is the improvement of workforce through the use of robots, CNC machines (digital software control), computers and mobile devices.
Relation Between Information from Economic-Financial Analysis and Sustainable Development
Authors: Stanciu Mihail Alin
Published: March 2022

Establishing and implementing the most appropriate strategies for sustainable development is an increasingly common goal, which plays a vital role in achieving global performance in sustainable business. Some economic entities are looking for more than achieving results in accounting profit, focusing on sustainable development through a responsible approach to economic activities. The role of economic and financial analysis in the strategies for sustainable development in order to conduct sustainable business is a decisive one, this being the one that should direct the non-financial activities. Entities must look at the concept of performance from a global point of view because the sustainability of the performance will be achieved only by establishing as the entity's goals social responsibility and environmental protection in addition to the financial ones reflected by the economic-financial analysis. The social responsibility manifested by the economic entities implies a balance of the profit with the social and environmental implications. Changes in the economic environment of the last period have affected the way of approaching the performance. Social responsibility joins the purpose of each profit maximization entity, which further leads to synergistic effects. The most well-known form of social involvement is the sponsorship by which an entity offers a certain amount of money to another entity that does not carry out activities from which to make a profit. In the second part of the paper we presented the involvement of a prestigious economic entity in sponsorship and social responsibility actions, paying particular attention to the social cause, and we analyzed the correlation between the trend set by these social actions and the financial performance. The participation of several categories in the profit of the economic entity is possible through the development of a social responsibility manifested within the community.
Theoretical Considerations Regarding the Tourist Activity
Authors: Stefan Maria-Cristina , Andreiana Violeta Andreea , Iancu Dorin
Published: March 2022

In this study, the authors planned on doing a theoretical journey in the field of tourism. In this respect, the main theoretical approaches will be presented regarding the concept of tourism, its components - the tourist demand, the tourist offer, respectively their characteristics and the factors of influence. Last but not least, the forms of tourist activities will be addressed. The work ends with the presentation of the main trends of the tourist market in our country, by emphasizing the role of urban tourism and the preferences of consumers of tourist serivices. Tourism is in a continuous evolution, and the preferences of the consumers in the matter of vacations change from year to year. Therefore, nowadays the tourists are much more informed about the holiday, they know very well what exactly they want and under what conditions. They have begun to analyze more companies from which they want to buy vacations, are increasingly turning to trusted brands, even if they will pay a higher price for the same services of the tourist package. They prefer trusted agencies, and this does not appeal to small and lesser known agencies.
Development of the Entrepreneurial Spirit among Future Employees – Necessary Requirement for a Sustainable Local Development
Authors: Surcel (Georgescu) Antoaneta Roxana , Popescu Constanța
Published: March 2022

The development of the entrepreneurial spirit among future employees is extremely important for a sustainable development. The creativity, the sense of initiative and the entrepreneurial spirit will help the current graduate, future employee, to develop their critical thinking, to be creative, innovate in their field of activity, be productive, flexible and autonomous and also capable to manage a project, within the limits of their skills. This research introduces the most important results concerning the entrepreneurial spirit among future employees for a better integration on the labor market and a significant contribution to the sustainable local development. The data were collected through a questionnaire applied on a representative sample of teachers in the pre-university education who carry out their activity in theoretical, technology and vocational high schools in the county. They served in outlining an overview on the impact that development of the entrepreneurial spirit has on the prospects of sustainable local development through current graduates, future employees. Regardless of their level of education, the teaching staff represents the main transmitter of training and development of the entrepreneurial spirit within the lifelong learning cycle.
A Vision Re Trans Meridian Connectivity of Eastern European Union Countries (EEUC)
Authors: Yankov Nikola
Published: March 2022

In this article we discuss the Eastern European Union Countries (EEUC) issue of the European contenentalisation/re-continentalisation process. We point out how the tracing, projecting and realizing of Trans continental meridian transportation corridors and axes could facilitate the development of peripheric and marginalized regions. The article is presenting a view (vision) regarding the Trans meridian transport connectivity of Eastern European Union countries and in particular – Bulgaria and Romania. It states that concrete transport corridors axes, sub axes and corridors are an important tool for integrated and joint development (economic, social, ecologic) of some less developed regions in the mentioned countries. The article also pointed out that it is needed Transportation grid innovation that make the regional development to happen. They affect the Balkan Peninsula Transport Grid vision with parallel and meridian axes and corridors.
Malonedeljsko čitalništvo in slovenski jezik
Authors: Jesenšek Marko
Published: March 2022

V razpravi je predstavljeno čitalniško gibanje pri Mali Nedelji in pomen, ki ga je imelo malonedeljsko bralno društvo za uveljavljanje slovenskega jezika na podeželju sredi 19. stoletja. Ustanovitelj bralnega društva pri Mali Nedelji Anton Božič je želel, da bi tudi na vasi poznali slovenske knjige. Prizadeval si je za slovenski učni jezik v šolah na podeželju ter spodbujal kmete za slovenstvo, branje slovenskih časopisov in knjig. Bil je kulturnozgodovinsko razgledan in slovensko usmerjen narodni buditelj, ki se je odločno postavil za pravice slovenskega kmeta. Božič je programsko misel za čitalništvo pri Mali Nedelji jezikovnopolitično odločno ubesedil z zahtevo Narodni jezik naj velja!
Podoba Božidarja Raiča v starejši prekmurski publicistiki
Authors: Horvat Nina
Published: March 2022

Božidar Raič je bil med prvimi, ki so se zavzemali za prepoznavnost Prekmurja v osrednji Sloveniji. V Prekmurcih je vzbujal slovensko narodno zavest in si prizadeval, da bi se dojemanje Mure kot meje med Slovenci na njenem desnem in levem bregu zabrisalo. V prispevku ga predstavljam v luči zapisov prekmurske publicistike iz prve polovice 20. stoletja. Zlasti me zanima, v kolikšni meri je bil zastopan v publikacijah Jožefa Klekla (oz. njegovih ožjih sodelavcev), ki ga štejemo za enega vodilnih prek-murskih narodnih buditeljev 20. stoletja. Odgovoriti skušam na vprašanje, ali je bil Raičev pomen med prekmurskimi Slovenci prepoznan in dovolj cenjen ter ali odseva iz publicističnih zapisov njegov značaj in delo za prekmurske Slovence.
150 let čitalništva pri Mali Nedelji
Authors: Božič Anton
Published: March 2022

Zaradi pomanjkljivega znanja o družbenih, političnih in gospodarskih razmerah so vidnejši narodnozavedni posamezniki začeli ustanavljati čitalnice oziroma bralna društva ne samo v velikih mestih (Trst, Maribor, Ljubljana, Celje), temveč tudi na podeželju. Na Štajerskem je bilo med prvimi ustanovljeno bralno društvo pri Mali Nedelji ‒ njegov pobudnik in ustanovitelj je bil narodnozavedni domoljub Anton Božič, kmet iz Radoslavcev.
Gospodarski, družbeni in kulturno- jezikovni vzgibi narodnoprebudnega gibanja v Prlekiji med razsvetljenstvom ter organiziranjem bésed in taborov
Authors: Puconja Miran
Published: March 2022

Razprava prikazuje vlogo prosvetljenih vzhodnoštajerskih duhovnikov pri obujanju materinščine in njene splošne rabe v neposredni nemški jezikovni soseščini. Pred-stavlja ilirizem na vzhodnem Štajerskem v prvi polovici 19. stoletja in izpostavlja zahteve Antona Krempla ter njegovih sopotnikov za sprejetje češko-ilirskega črkopi-sa. V ospredju razprave so dejavniki, ki so omogočili individualizacijo slovenskega jezika in kulture.