bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penambahan Bovine Serum Albumin pada Beltsville Thawing Solution Dapat Mempertahankan Kualitas Semen Babi yang Disimpan pada 15°C (ADDITION OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN TO BELTSVILLE THAWING SOLUTION COULD MAINTAIN QUALITY OF PIG SEMEN STORED AT 15OC)
Authors: Bebas Wayan , Gorda Wayan
Published: January 2020

This study aims to maintain the quality of pig semen for longer during storage at 15oC, in an effort to support artificial insemination programs with the addition of Bovine Serum albumin (BSA) to diluent Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS). This study uses a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, each To = semen was diluted with BTS without the addition of BSA ; T1 = with the addition of 5 mg BSA/mL diluent; T2 = with the addition of 10 mg BSA/mL diluent; T3 = with the addition of 15 mg BSA/mL diluent; T4 = with the addition of 20 mg BSA/mL diluent. Each treatment was repeated five times so that the number of samples used was twenty-five. The diluted cement is stored at 15oC for 72 hours then observing the quality of cement includes: progressive motility, dead spermatozoa, abnormalities, and intact plasma membranes. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance, if there were differences followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed, addition of BSA concentration of 10 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL of diluent gives the same effect on the quality of cement during storage and significantly better (p <0.05) when compared to the addition of 0 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL diluents. It can be concluded, the addition of BSA 10 mg/mL BTS diluents can maintain the most optimal quality of pig semen against progressive motility, dead spermatozoa, abnormalities and intact plasma membranes.
Uji pigmen dan deteksi kapsul polisakarida pada Staphylococcus aureus isolat asal broiler PIGMENT TEST AND DETECTION OF POLISAKARIDA CAPSULES ON Staphylococcus aureus ISOLAT BROILER
Authors: Khusnan Khusnan , Kusmanto Dwi
Published: January 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium causing disease in humans and animals. In broilers it cause septicemia, tendosinovitis, dermatitis, endocarditis, wound infections and arthritis and bumblefoot. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause disease depends on the virulence factors they bear. The purpose of this research is to investigate  the distribution of pigment production type and the existence of genes of polysaccharide capsule phenotype and genotype as determinant factor of virulence of bacteria on 15 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from broiler. Pigment production test showed that 86.7% of isolates producing yellow pigment and 13.3% isolates produce orange pigment. The detection of polysaccharide capsules was phenotypically performed with hydrophobicity test with serum soft agar medium (SSA) showed 53.3% isolate grow compact and 46,7% isolate grown difuse and hydrophobicity test by salt aggregation test method (SAT) showed 66,7% hydrophil and 33.3% are hydrophobic. Genotype detection of polysaccharide capsule genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed 66.7% detected cap5 (amplicon 361bp) and 33.3% detected cap8 (173bp ampliole). The type of pigment production and the presence of polysaccharide capsules are some of the virulent factors in Staphylococcus aureus.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secara In Vitro (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA) LEAF EXTRACT ON GROWTH OF BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO)
Authors: Fikri Faisal , Rahmaningtyas Imas Hapsari , Prastiya Ragil Angga , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to measure antibacterial activity of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) on bacterial growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by diffuse disc method. The result of the inhibition zone was analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed using Duncan test, to show highly significantly different (p<0.01). The inhibition number of negative control (C-) was 0.00e±0.00 and the positive control (C+) was 31.31a±0.57. The result of concentration 1 (T1) was 14.49b±4.96; concentration 2 (T2) 8.98c±1.29; concentration 3 (T3) 5.84cd±1.85; concentration 4 (T4) 5.56cd±1.58; concentration 5 (T5) 2.85de±0.28; concentration 6 (T6) 2.98de±0.53; concentration 7 (T7) 2.82de±1.59; concentration 8 (T8) 2.41de±1.10; concentration 9 (T9) 2.20de±0.34; concentration 10 (T10) 1.10e±0.19; and concentration 11 (T11) 0.00e±0.00. The increase of soursop leaf extract concentration showed high inhibition diameter of bacterial growth. It concluded that soursop leaf extract have an antibacterial activity to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 125 ppm.
Perbedaan Larva Stadium Kedua dan L2 Toxocara canis pada Jaringan Mencit Menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SECOND STAGE LARVAE AND L2 TOXOCARA CANIS ON MICE TISSUE BY USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY)
Authors: Pertiwi Vindo Rossy , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Koesdarto Setiawan , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Mufasirin Mufasirin
Published: January 2020

Toxocariasis is one of zoonosis diseases that caused by Toxocara spp. that is Toxocara canis. Toxocara canis has several stages until it can infect animals and humans, namely the egg stage, larvae first stage (L1), larvae second stage (L2), larvae third stage (L3) to adult worms. Studies about the L2 and L2 tissue of T. canis found in paratenic hosts using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have not been widely performed. Some of the causes include L2 being not easily to found and identified, so research rarely raises the ultrastructural morphology of L2 and L2 tissues. Knowledge about the ultrastructural morphology of L2 and L2 tissue of T. canis worms is very important to determining the diagnosis, especially the etiological diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to detected morphology of L2 and L2 tissues of T. canis using SEM. Samples from this study is faeces of dogs that infected with toxocariasis and the digestive tract of dogs obtained from dog slaughter houses. The sample is an adult worm of T. canis; the female worm is dissected and taken uterus to collect worm eggs. The results of this study on microscopic and optilab examination showed a difference between L2 and L2 tissue that the length of L2 hatched from embryonic eggs was 390 ìm and with a width of 23.4 ìm at the midpoint of the body. Larvae second stage length from the infected somatic tissue is 410 ìm and the width is 22.5 ìm at the midpoint, and then difference in dorsal lip, cuticles, body ring, cervical alae, buccal capsul, tail.
Efek Regional dan Cardiopulmonary Penggunaan Lidocaine dan Lidocaine-Xylazine pada Blokade Nervus Ischiadicus Domba (REGIONAL AND CARDIOPULMONARY EFFECTS OF LIDOCAINE AND LIDOCAINEXYLAZINE IN SHEEP SCIATIC NERVE BLOCK)
Authors: Napitu Herawati , Noviana Deni , Soehartono Raden Harry , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat
Published: January 2020

General anaesthesia has a high risk during surgery, regional anaesthesia with nerve block is expected to minimize the use of general anaesthesia while increase the analgesic effect and muscle relaxation effect. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of sciatic nerve block on the hind limb and the effect of lidocaine 2%, and a combination of 2% lidocaine with 2% xylazine on sheep cardiopulmonary function. Sciatic nerve block was guided with ultrasonography and nerve stimulator. In this research, sheep were sedated with diazepam (0.5 mg / kg). Sheep  was divided into three groups; first injected with saline solution (SS), second with lidocaine 2% 5 mg / kg (Lid) and third with lidocaine 2% 5 mg / kg and xylazine 2% 0.1 mg / kg (LidXyl). The results of this research showed that the LidXyl group had the highest analgesic effect and broader blockade area, namely femoris, cruris, and metatarsus-digit. The LidXyl blockade value was highest in the digitmetatarsus region, while the Lid group shows the highest blockade value in the cruris region. The LidXyl group with the addition of xylazine results in a decrease in heart rate and respiration rate. Xylazine increased and extended analgesic effect compared to lidocaine but resulted in a decrease in heart rate and respiration rate in the early minutes of anaesthesia, it is however safe to be used in sheep.
Urea Molasses Multinutrien Blok Sebagai Pakan Tambahan pada Ternak Ruminansia (UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO CATTLE)
Authors: Yanuartono Yanuartono , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Purnamaningsih Hary , Raharjo Slamet
Published: January 2020

The poor quality crop residues constitute the bulk of dry matter consumed by the ruminants. Like in most developing countries, including in Indonesia, feed shortage is the main constraint to their productivity. During the hot and dry seasons, the available feed resources are not enough in energy and digestion proteins, which are insufficient to maintenance requirements and reducing productivity throughout the year. The use of conventional feedstuffs such as rice brand, pollard, soybean cake, and groundnut cake to enhance production has become inappropriate. These supplements are in short supply owing to increasing demand from agricultural and industrial users. Their exorbitant prices and erratic supply made them too expensive for small-scale farmers to incorporate them into ruminant feeding. Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB) is a convenient and inexpensive method of providing a range of nutrients to ruminants. Giving UMMB can improve low-quality feed digestion so in general can improve the performance of livestock such as milk production, weight, BCS and reproductive status. This article aims to evaluation the benefits of a UMMB for feed ruminants.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Hazırladığı Bilim Tarihi Temelli Dramaların İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖNEN ÖZTÜRK Fatma
Published: January 2020

Araştırmanın amacı fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarının hazırladığı bilim tarihi temelli dramaların incelenmesi ve öğretim sürecinde kullanılmasına ilişkin görüşlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma nitel desenlerden eylem araştırması deseninde olup; 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde İstanbul’daki bir devlet üniversitesinin 3. sınıfındaki 51 fen bilimleri öğretmen adayıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri bilim tarihi temelli dramalar ve açık uçlu sorularla toplanmıştır. Dramalar öncelikli olarak hitap ettiği sınıf seviyesi, kazanımlar, fen kavramları ve bilimsel bilginin doğası boyutları açısından analiz edilmiştir. Ardından dramalar dereceli puanlama anahtarıyla (rubrik) değerlendirilerek, sonuçlar yüzdelik hesaplamalar hâlinde tablolarda sunulmuştur. Açık uçlu sorular içerik analiziyle değerlendirilmiş; veriler kodlanarak temalaştırılmış ve sonuçlar yüzdelik hesaplamayla tablolarda sunulmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre hazırlanan dramaların genellikle yeterli niteliklerde olduğu, buna karşın ünitelerdeki ve dramalardaki kavramların çoğunlukla örtüşmediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca dramalarda hemen hemen tüm bilimsel bilginin doğası boyutlarına yer verildiği ve öğretmen adaylarının dramaların öğretim sürecinde kullanılmasına ilişkin görüşlerinin olumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda öneriler getirilmiştir.
The Effects of the Better Emotional and Social Times Program on Emotional and Social Skills Associated With Children With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Maiuri Jake
Published: January 2020

Children with learning disabilities are not only falling behind academically, they are also falling behind emotionally and socially, which is extremely important. This places a strong emphasis on a need for early intervention programs for children with learning disabilities to address these emotional and social deficits. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Better Emotional and Social Times (B.E.S.T.) program offered by the Learning Disabilities association of Niagara Region (LDANR), which targeted areas of self-advocacy, self-esteem, self-understanding (mindfulness), emotional regulation and social skills. Seven children between the ages of 6 and 11 enrolled in the program were closely observed for eight weeks and pre- and post- child interviews and observational checklists were completed throughout the duration of the program by the facilitators as well as the parent/caregivers. Results indicated that all of the children had improved and gained new skill sets in all of these areas. Overall, these results have positive implications, as this type of intervention can be implemented within education policy to ensure children with learning disabilities are receiving the proper aid in regards to these emotional and social deficits, which will also have a positive impact on their literacy deficits as well.
O currículo da Educação do Campo no contexto das legislações nacionais
Authors: Matos Cleide Carvalho de , Rocha Genylton Odilon Rego da
Published: January 2020

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise das prescrições curriculares para a educação do campo no Brasil a partir das legislações educacionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as relações políticas, econômicas e sociais e suas reverberações na prescrição curricular para a educação do campo. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os documentos analisados foram: Lei Orgânica do Ensino Primário – Decreto-lei nº 8.529/46, Lei Orgânica do Ensino Agrícola – Decreto-lei nº 9.613/46, as Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional Lei 4.024/61; Lei 5.692/71 e Lei 9.394/96, as Diretrizes Operacionais para a educação Básica nas Escolas do Campo – DOEBEC – Resolução CNE/CEB Nº. 1 – de 3 de abril de 2002 e Diretrizes Complementares para a Educação Básica do Campo - Resolução CNE/CEB 2/2008. Constatamos que o currículo pensado para as áreas rurais – embora regulamentado pelas mesmas normas que os destinados às populações urbanas – possui especificidades que o diferenciam, pois, a ação educativa direcionada ao campo tem como intencionalidade a inserção dos alunos no trabalho produtivo.
A rede escolar nas comunidades rurais assentadas, quilombolas e indígenas do Tocantins
Authors: Rocha Alexsandro Silvestre da , Sousa Regina Lelis de , Soares Denisia Brito , Choque Nilo Mauricio Sotomayor , Davila Liliana Yolanda Ancalla , Desiderio Shirlei Nabarrete , Gomes Érica Cupertino
Published: January 2020

Sob os holofotes como o mais novo estado da federação o Tocantins carrega as mazelas brasileiras, como as carências em vários serviços públicos prestados à população. A educação não é uma exceção e faz parte desta lacuna, com falta de unidades escolares, professores, formação acadêmica adequada, estrutura escolar de qualidade, entre tantos outros. Quando se trata da educação no campo esses problemas se tornam mais latentes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar as principais características da situação educacional das três grandes Comunidades Sociais Rurais do Tocantins, os Assentamentos Rurais, as Áreas Remanescentes de Quilombos e as Terras Indígenas por meio de uma análise quantitativa de dados disponíveis pelas agências governamentais. Mostrou-se que a oferta de educação básica nessas comunidades é heterogênea quanto ao quantitativo de escolas e de níveis escolares ofertados e está, em sua totalidade, a cargo dos governos estadual e municipais. Identificou-se que as Áreas Remanescentes de Quilombos não contam com oferta de ensino médio.
Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo da área de Ciências da Natureza: análise da produção em periódicos nacionais
Authors: Dalmolin Antonio Marcos Teixeira , Garcia Rosane Nunes
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo investiga como as Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo articulam-se com a área das Ciências da Natureza, a partir das produções socializadas em periódicos nacionais, da área de Ensino da CAPES, entre os anos de 2013 a 2017, com classificação Qualis A1, A2 e B1. As fontes da pesquisa foram 14 artigos, dentre os 4189 artigos publicados em 25 periódicos. A pesquisa é qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, e a técnica de análise foi a Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados foram sintetizados em três categorias inter-relacionadas, denominadas: a) Currículos e Culturas na Educação do/no Campo em Ciências da Natureza; b) Formação Docente do/no Campo em Ciências da Natureza; c) Ciência – Tecnologia – Sociedade e Implicações Socioambientais. Destacamos a presença de três elementos centrais, inseparáveis, que são: as populações do campo, os contextos e as intencionalidades. Assim, educadores, educadoras e estudantes, que vivem e trabalham nos diferentes contextos do campo, que vivenciam e problematizam as intencionalidades na Educação, nas Ciências da Natureza e na sociedade, encontram na Educação do Campo um lugar de debate sobre as contradições vividas e de construção de outros caminhos possíveis em termos de sociedade.
La lectura de textos digitales que contribuyan a la educación ambiental
Authors: Herrera Yaumary Reine , Valdes Yosdey Davila
Published: January 2020

La preparación de los individuos en la protección del medio ambiente es un imperativo en la actualidad, de ahí que las universidades desempeñen un rol fundamental en la formación integral de sus educandos, quienes se enfrentan a la amenaza de la degradación del medio ambiente. Para ello es necesario el trabajo interdisciplinario con la estrategia curricular medioambiental en cada una de las disciplinas y asignaturas que reciben los futuros profesionales de la educación. En esta investigación se aprovechan las potencialidades del contenido de la asignatura Análisis del discurso III para contribuir al logro de este fin, de ahí que el objetivo sea: proponer un sistema de actividades para la lectura de textos digitales que contribuya a la educación ambiental. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y métodos estadísticos. Se presenta una caracterización del sistema de actividades y ejemplos de estas para su puesta en práctica. Queda constatado que la lectura de textos digitales al desarrollar nuevos procesos de pensamiento y ampliación de conocimientos exige la atención, reflexión, imaginación y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes a la vez que los conduce al desarrollo de habilidades, valores y actitudes que los compromete con el cuidado del mundo en que viven.
Investigación, recuperación y estudio del patrimonio musical popular de una aldea del centro de Portugal
Authors: Ortiz-Molina Maria Angustias , Sadio-Ramos Fernando Jose
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo es solo una parte de un proyecto de intervención sociocultural, que pretende capacitar y dinamizar la población de una aldea rural del Centro de Portugal. El proyecto fue originado y llevado a la práctica por el segundo firmante entre su institución de educación superior y el trabajo de campo efectuado en una aldea del centro de Portugal. La primera firmante ha participado en la conducción de las entrevistas individuales y en grupo, grupo de discusión, recogida de canciones y su estudio musical. Por medio de este trabajo tratamos de intervenir social y culturalmente intentando dar capacitación y dinamización a la población de la aldea, siendo las principales líneas de esta intervención: (1) Creación de un grupo vocal-instrumental intergeneracional; (2) Intento de profundizar en la identidad cultural, capacitando a la mencionada población, utilizando social y culturalmente la Música para mejorar el desarrollo de los habitantes; (3) Realización del trabajo de recuperación del patrimonio musical popular de esa comunidad y hacer su estudio musical.
Impact of Dietary Fatty Acids on Macrophage Lipid Metabolism, Signaling and Function
Authors: Davanso Mariana Rodrigues , Crisma Amanda Rabello , Murata Gilson , Newsholme Philip , Curi Rui
Published: January 2020

Leukocytes are potent regulators of adipose tissue biology and whole-body metabolic homeostasis. In lean, non-obese conditions (insulin-sensitive), adipose tissue has innate and adaptive immune cells, including eosinophils, regulatory T cells, invariant NK cells, and M2 macrophages. A vast expansion in adipose tissue occurs in obesity, and this is associated with a marked alteration in the tissue leukocyte profile. There is a marked increase in B cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and M1 macrophages. This condition induces a state of low-grade, chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue, which disrupts whole-body metabolism. Macrophages were the first leukocyte to be discovered in adipose tissue. Due to their proximity to nearby adipocytes, the macrophages are exposed to high levels of fatty acids and other lipids reported in obesity. Lipid uptake by tissue-resident macrophages is essential for their biological actions. Specifically, lipid uptake and metabolism, particularly of long-chain saturated fatty acids, activate inflammatory signaling pathways, potentiating adipose tissue inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Obesity exhibits increased fatty acid levels within the adipose tissue microenvironment. The increased lipid accumulation in the resident macrophages reflects the fatty acid composition of the adipocytes. The dietary fatty acid determines the fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue. Macrophages then accumulate fatty acids indirectly provided by the diet. The composition varies with the acyl chain length, e.g., short-, medium-, or long-chain, and saturated fatty acids. These fatty acids have wide-ranging effects on macrophages. We described herein in detail the impact of the different dietary fatty acids on macrophage functions. Shortly, long-chain saturated fatty acids are pro-inflammatory, whereas medium-chain fatty acids are relatively benign. Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids often antagonize the pro-inflammatory effects of long-chain saturated fatty acids.
Cell Lines for Honey Bee Virus Research
Authors: Guo Ya , Goodman Cynthia L. , Stanley David W. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: January 2020

With ongoing colony losses driven in part by the Varroa mite and the associated exacerbation of virus load, there is an urgent need to protect honey bees (Apis mellifera) from fatal levels of virus infection and from nontarget effects of insecticides used in agricultural settings. A continuously replicating cell line derived from the honey bee would provide a valuable tool for study of molecular mechanisms of virus – host interaction, for screening of antiviral agents for potential use within the hive, and for assessment of the risk of current and candidate insecticides to the honey bee. However, the establishment of a continuously replicating, honey bee cell line has proved challenging. Here we provide an overview of attempts to establish primary and continuously replicating hymenopteran cell lines, methods for establishing honey bee cell lines, challenges associated with the presence of latent viruses (especially Deformed wing virus), in established cell lines and methods to establish virus-free cell lines. We also describe the potential use of honey bee cell lines in conjunction with infectious clones of honey bee viruses for examination of fundamental virology.
Glycolipids and a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Isolated from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi
Authors: Leutou Alain S. , McCall Jennifer R. , York Robert , Govindapur Rajeshwar R. , Bourdelais Andrea J.
Published: January 2020

A New monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), a known monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (MGMG) and a known polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (PUFAME) were isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. The planar structure of the glycolipids was elucidated using MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses and comparisons to the known glycolipid to confirm its structure. The isolation of PUFAME strongly supports the polyunsaturated fatty acid fragment of these glycolipids. The relative configuration of the sugar was deduced by comparisons of 3JHH values and proton chemical shifts with those of known glycolipids. All isolated compounds MGDG, MGMG and PUFAME (1-3) were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. All compounds modulated macrophage responses, with compound 3 exhibiting the greatest anti-inflammatory activity.
Sensitivity of Radiative Fluxes to Aerosols in the ALADIN-HIRLAM Numerical Weather Prediction System
Authors: Rontu Laura , Gleeson Emily , Martin Perez Daniel , Pagh Nielsen Kristian , Toll Velle
Published: January 2020

The direct radiative effect of aerosols is taken into account in many limited area numerical weather prediction models using wavelength-dependent aerosol optical depths of a range of aerosol species. We study the impact of aerosol distribution and optical properties on radiative transfer, based on climatological and more realistic near real-time aerosol data. Sensitivity tests were carried out using the single column version of the ALADIN-HIRLAM numerical weather prediction system, set up to use the HLRADIA broadband radiation scheme. The tests were restricted to clear-sky cases to avoid the complication of cloud-radiation-aerosol interactions. The largest differences in radiative fluxes and heating rates were found to be due to different aerosol loads. When the loads are large, the radiative fluxes and heating rates are sensitive to the aerosol inherent optical properties and vertical distribution of the aerosol species. Impacts of aerosols on shortwave radiation dominate longwave impacts. Sensitivity experiments indicated the important effects of highly absorbing black carbon aerosols and strongly scattering desert dust.
β-aminobutyric Acid Pretreatment Confers Salt Stress Tolerance in Brassica napus L. by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Methylglyoxal Detoxification
Authors: Mahmud Jubayer Al , Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Khan M. Iqbal R. , Nahar Kamrun , Fujita Masayuki
Published: January 2020

Salinity is a serious environmental hazard which limits world agricultural production by adversely affects plant physiology and biochemistry. Hence increase tolerance against salt stress is very important. In this study, we explored the function of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) in enhancing salt stress tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). After pretreatment with BABA, seedlings were exposed to NaCl (100 mM and 150 mM) for 2 days. Salt stress increased Na content and decreased K content in shoot and root. It disrupted the antioxidant defense system by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2O2 and O2•−), methylglyoxal (MG) content and causing oxidative stress. It also reduced the growth and photosynthetic pigments of seedlings but increased proline (Pro) content. However, BABA pretreatment in salt-stressed seedlings increased ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents; GSH/GSSG ratio; and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II) as well as growth and photosynthetic pigments of plants. In addition, compared to salt stress alone BABA increased Pro content, reduced the H2O2, MDA and MG contents and decreased Na content in root and increased K content in shoot and root of rapeseed seedlings.
Rheological Properties and Application of Molasses Modified Bitumen in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
Authors: Hareru Werku , Ghebrab Tewodros
Published: January 2020

The high volume of water in molasses has made this study serious. The reason is that using molasses as a partial replacement without treatment significantly affects the rheological properties of the neat bitumen and increases the likelihood of moisture susceptibility of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement structure and create fractures of aggregate particles. Therefore, to use molasses as a partial replacement without affecting the structural integrity of the pavement, this study proposed a treatment method before blending it with petroleum-based bitumen. A series of experiment was conducted to accomplish the objective of this paper, including convectional tests, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test, amplitude and frequency sweep test, performance grade (PG) determination test, and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests. The IR spectra show that carbonyl index decreased with increasing molasses percent. There was PG improvement from the control grade to PG64 and PG70 when the base binder modified with 5-20% molasses and aged with rollingl thin film oven (RTFO) respectively. At the temperature 58oC nonrecoverable creep compliance at 3.2 kPa (Jnr3.2kPa) was decreased for each percent replacement. This led to improving the rutting potential. As well, at a temperature of 64oC the Jnr value was decreased only for 5% replacement, and then the Jnr value was gradually increased for the remaining percent replacement. Overall, this study revealed that treated molasses can be used as a partial replacement to enhance the rheological properties of the base bitumen and thus it can potentially be used to produce a sustainable bio-asphalt binder.
Detection of Spoofing Used Against the GNSS-Like Underwater Navigation Systems
Authors: Abramowski Tomasz , Bilewski Mateusz , Dobryakova Larisa , Ochin Evgeny , Uriasz Janusz , Zalewski Paweł
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the work is an underwater positioning safety study that used the GNSS-like underwater navigation systems. In the process of research, we used the methods of software modeling of underwater spoofing processes. The spoofing problem consists of three stages: design of spoofers, design of spoofing detection systems, and design of anti-spoofing systems. This article discusses some methods of spoofing detection. We briefly describe the known methods of underwater positioning systems. Unlike GNSS, currently only LNSS (Local Navigation Satellite System) can be considered in this case. Spoofing detection systems with one hydrophone are of great practical importance, as they allow for use of standard hydroacoustic equipment. However, detection of spoofing is not possible in static mode, which is with underwater vehicle at rest. In case of two hydrophones the detection of spoofing in static mode is possible. We discuss the navigation based on the use of an acoustically passive receiver. The receiver “listens” to the buoys and solves the problem of finding its own position using the coordinates of the buoys (such systems are called GNSS-like Underwater Positioning Systems or GNSS-like UPS). Depending on the scale of system service area, GNSS-like UPS-es are divided into global, regional, zonal and local systems. In this article, we take into account only the local class of GNSS-like UPS. The acoustic signal generator transmits a simulation of several buoy signals. If the level of the simulated signal exceeds the signal strength of actual buoys, the UPS receiver will “lock onto” the fake signal and then calculate a false position basing on it. The development of further research should be focused on the creation of hardware and software systems for conducting physical experiments at depths up to 400 m.
Loss of Elongator- and KEOPS-Dependent tRNA Modifications Leads to Severe Growth Phenotypes and Protein Aggregation in Yeast
Authors: Pollo-Oliveira Leticia , Klassen Roland , Davis Nick , Ciftci Akif , Bacusmo Jo Marie , Marinelli Maria , DeMott Michael S. , Begley Thomas J. , Dedon Peter C. , Schaffrath Raffael , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie
Published: January 2020

regulating translational speed and accuracy. Threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (t6A37) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-thiouridine (mcm5s2U34) are critical ASL modifications that have been linked to several human diseases. The model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is viable despite the absence of both modifications, growth is however greatly impaired. The major observed consequence is a subsequent increase in protein aggregates and aberrant morphology. Proteomic analysis of the t6A-deficient strain revealed a global mistranslation leading to protein aggregation without regard to physicochemical properties or t6A-dependent or biased codon usage in parent genes. However, loss of sua5 led to increased expression of soluble proteins for mitochondrial function, protein quality processing/trafficking, oxidative stress response, and energy homeostasis. These results point to a global function for t6A in protein homeostasis very similar to mcm5/s2U modifications.
What Drives Computational Chemistry Forward: Theory or Computational Power?
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: January 2020

History is often thought to be dull and boring – where large numbers of facts are memorized for passing exams. But the past informs the present and future, especially in delineating the context surrounding specific events that, in turn, help provide a deeper understanding of their causes and implications. Scientific progress (whether incremental or breakthroughs) is built upon prior work. Chronological examination of computational chemistry’s evolution reveals the existence of major “epochs” (e.g., transition from semi-empirical methods to first principles calculations), and the centrality of key ideas (e.g., Schrodinger equation and Born Oppenheimer approximation) in potentiating progress in the field. The longstanding question of whether computing power (both capacity and speed) or theoretical insights play a more important role in advancing computational chemistry was examined by taking into account the field’s development holistically. Specifically, availability of large amount of computing power at declining cost, and advent of graphics processing unit (GPU) powered parallel computing are enabling tools for solving hitherto intractable problems. On the other hand, this essay argues (using Born Oppenheimer approximation as an example) that theoretical insights’ role in unlocking problems through simple (but insightful) assumptions is often overlooked. Collectively, the essay should be useful as a primer for appreciating major development periods in computational chemistry, from which counterfactual questions illuminate the relative importance of theoretical insights and advances in computer science in moving the field forward.
Synthetic Apomixis an Old Enigma to Preserve Hybrid Vigor
Authors: Fiaz Sajid , Wang Xiukang , Maqbool Rizwana , Ali Habib , Ahmad Shakeel , Riaz Adeel , Alharthi Badr
Published: January 2020

The hybrid seeds of several important crops with supreme qualities, including yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, have been cultivated from decades. Thus far, a major challenge with hybrid seed, it does not hold ability to produce plants with same qualities over subsequent generations. Apomixis exist naturally an asexual mode of reproduction in flowering plants via avoiding meiosis and ultimately leads to seed production. Apomixis possess potential to preserve hybrid vigor for multiple generations for economically important plant genotypes. The evolution and genetics of asexual seed production is unclear and need much more efforts to find its genetic architecture. To fix hybrid vigor synthetic apomixis has been suggested an alternative. The development of MiMe (Mitosis instead of Meiosis) genotypes are utilized further for clonal gametes production. However, the identification and parental origin of genes responsible for synthetic apomixis are less known and need further understanding. Genome modifications utilizing genome editing technologies (GETs) like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (cas9) a reverse genetics tool has paved way to utilize emerging technologies in plant molecular biology. From the last decade, several genes in important crops have been successfully edited. The vast availability of GETs has made the functional genomics studies easy to conduct in crops important for food security. The disruption of expression of genes specific to egg cell MATRILINEAL (MTL) or BABY BOOM1 (BBM1) through CRISPR/Cas genome editing system can promote haploid plants. The establishment of synthetic apomixis by engineering MiMe genotype by genome editing BBM1 expression or disruption of MTL leads toward clonal seed production. In present review, we discussed the current development in plants by utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its possibility of promoting apomixis in crops to preserve hybrid vigour. In addition to this, genetics, evolution, epigenetic modifications and strategy for MiMe genotype development has been discussed in detail.
Multivalent Lactose–Ferrocene Conjugates Based on Poly(Amido Amine) Dendrimers and Gold Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Probes for Sensing Galectin-3
Authors: Martos-Maldonado Manuel C. , Quesada-Soriano Indalecio , García-Fuentes Luis , Vargas-Berenguel Antonio
Published: January 2020

Galectin-3 is considered a cancer biomarker and bioindicator of fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, and, therefore, it is desirable to develop convenient methods for its detection. Herein, an approach based on the development of multivalent electrochemical probes with high galectin-3 sensing abilities is reported. The probes consist of multivalent presentations of lactose–ferrocene conjugates scaffolded on poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and gold nanoparticles. Such multivalent lactose–ferrocene conjugates are synthesized by coupling of azidomethylferrocene-lactose building blocks on alkyne-functionalized PAMAM, for the case of the glycodendrimers, and to disulfide‐functionalized linkers that are then used for the surface modification of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. The binding and sensing abilities towards galectin 3 of both ferrocene-containing lactose dendrimers and gold nanoparticles have been evaluated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The highest sensitivity by electrochemical methods to galectin-3 was shown by lactosylferrocenylated gold nanoparticles, which are able to detect the lectin in nanomolar concentrations.
Immune Landscape in Burkitt Lymphoma Reveals M2-Macrophage Polarization and Correlation between PD-L1 Expression and Non-Canonical EBV Latency Program
Authors: Granai Massimo , Mundo Lucia , Akarca Ayse U. , Siciliano Maria Chiara , Rizvi Hasan , Sorrentino Ester , Mancini Virginia , Ibrahim Maha , Margielewska Sandra , Wei Wenbin , Bibas Michele , Onyango Noel , Nyagol Joshua , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Fend Falko , Lazzi Stefano , Leoncini Lorenzo , Marafioti Teresa
Published: January 2020

The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood. In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profile (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME. Furthermore, by VECTRA multispectral immunofluorescence (IF) and multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC), we investigated the TME of an additional series of 40 BL cases and evaluated the possible role of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis. Our results indicated that M2 polarized macrophages are the most prominent TME component in BL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A) expression on tumour cells, highlighting a subgroup of BL cases characterized by a non- canonical latency program of EBV with an activated PD-L1 pathway. In conclusion, our study analysed the TME in BL and identified a tolerogenic immune signature highlighting new potential therapeutic targets.
PID Control Algorithm Based on Hydraulic Oil Viscosity for the Proportional Valve of the Planting Depth Control System
Authors: Siddique Md. Abu Ayub , Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Kim Taek-Jin , Choi Chang-Hyun , Lee Hyo-Jai , Chung Sun-Ok , Kim Yong-Joo
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to develop a PID control algorithm considering viscosity for the planting depth control system of a rice transplanter using various hydraulic oils at different temperatures and to evaluate the performance of the control algorithm, and compare the performance of the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity and considering viscosity. In this study, the simulation model of the planting depth control system and a PID control algorithm were developed based on the power flow of the rice transplanter (ERP60DS). The primary PID coefficients were determined using the Ziegler–Nichols (Z–N) second method. Routh’s stability criteria were applied to optimize the coefficients. The pole and double zero points of the PID controller were also applied to minimize the sustained oscillations of the responses. The performance of the PID control algorithm was evaluated for three ISO (The International Organization for Standardization) standard viscosity grade (VG) hydraulic oils (VG 32, 46, and 68). The results show that the control algorithm considering viscosity is able to control the pressure of the proportional valve, which is associated with the actuator displacement for various types of hydraulic oils. It was noticed that the maximum pressure was 15.405 bars at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ℃ for all of the hydraulic oils. The settling time and steady-state errors were 0.45 s at 100 ℃ for VG 32, and 0% for all of the conditions. The maximum overshoots were found to be 17.50% at 100 ℃ for VG 32. On the other hand, the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity could not control the planting depth, because the response was slow and did not satisfy the boundary conditions. The PID control algorithm considering viscosity could sufficiently compensate for the nonlinearity of the hydraulic system and was able to perform for any of temperature-dependent viscosity of the hydraulic oils. In addition, the rice transplanter requires a faster response for accurately controlling and maintaining the planting depth. Planting depth is highly associated with actuator displacement. Finally, this control algorithm considering viscosity could be helpful in minimizing the tilting of the seedlings planted using the rice transplanter. Ultimately, it would improve the transplanter performance.
A Global Sea State Dataset from Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Wave Mode Data
Authors: Li Xiao-Ming , Huang BingQing
Published: January 2020

This dataset consists of integral ocean wave parameters of significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (MWP) data derived from the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) on board the ENVISAT satellite over its full life cycle (2002-2012) covering the global ocean. Both parameters are calibrated and validated against buoy data. A cross-validation between the ASAR SWH and radar altimeter (RA) data is also performed to ensure that the SAR-derived wave height data are of the same quality as the RA data. These data are stored in the standard NetCDF format, which are produced for each ASAR wave mode Level1B data provided by the European Space Agency. This is for the first time that a full sea state product is derived from spaceborne SAR data over the global ocean for a decadal temporal scale.
Biocompatibility Evaluation and Enhancement of Elastomeric Coatings Made Using Table-top Optical 3D Printer
Authors: Grigalevičiūtė Giedrė , Baltriukienė Daiva , Bukelskienė Virginija , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: January 2020

In this experimental report the biocompatibility of elastomeric scaffold structures made via stereolithography employing table-top 3D printer (Ember, Autodesk) and commercial resin FormLabs Flexible (FormLabs) was studied. The samples were manufactured using standard printing and development protocol, which is known to inherit cytotoxicity due to remaining non-polymerized remaining monomers, despite the polymerized material being fully biocompatible. Additional steps were taken to remedy this problem: the fabricated structures were soaked in isopropanol and methanol for different conditions (temperature, duration) in order to leach out the non-polymerized monomers. Also printed structures were UV exposed to assure maximum polymerization degree of the material. Post-processed structures were seeded with myogenic stem cells and the number of live cells was evaluated as an indicator for the material biocompatibility. The straightforward post-processing protocol enhances the biocompatibility by 7 times after 7 days soaking in isopropanol and methanol and is comparable to control (glass and polystyrene) samples. This proposes the approach as a novel and simple method to be widely applicable for dramatic cytotoxicity reduction of optically 3D printed micro-/nano-scaffolds for biomedical applications.
Mechanisms and Regulation of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay and Nonsense-Associated Altered Splicing in Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Lambert Jean-Marie , Ashi Mohamad Omar , Srour Nivine , Delpy Laurent , Saulière Jérôme
Published: January 2020

The presence of premature termination codons (PTCs) in transcripts is dangerous for the cell as they encode potentially deleterious truncated proteins that can act with dominant-negative or gain-of-function effects. To avoid synthesis of these shortened polypeptides, several RNA surveillance systems can be activated to decrease the level of PTC-containing mRNAs. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) ensures an accelerated degradation of mRNAs harboring PTCs by using several key NMD factors such as up-frameshift (UPF) proteins. Another pathway called nonsense-associated altered splicing (NAS) upregulates transcripts that have skipped disturbing PTCs by alternative splicing. Therefore, these RNA quality control processes eliminate abnormal PTC-containing mRNAs from the cells by using positive and negative responses. In this review, we will describe the general mechanisms of NMD and NAS and their respective involvement in the decay of aberrant immunoglobulin and TCR transcripts in lymphoid cells.
Variation of the Performance of Machine-Learning Based Image Classifier in Automated Detection of Itch-Induced Scratch
Authors: Liu Chuan , Yan Sheng-Xiang , Wu Xiao-Bo , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Li Wei
Published: January 2020

A 'little brother' of pain, itch is an unpleasant sensation that creates a specific urge to scratch. To date, various machine-learning based image classifiers (MBICs) have been proposed for quantitative analysis of itch-induced scratch behaviour of laboratory animals in an automated, non-invasive, inexpensive and real-time manner. In spite of MBICs' advantages, the overall performances (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of current MBIC approaches remains inconsistent, with their values varying from ~50% to ~99%, for which the reasons underlying have yet to be investigated further, both computationally and experimentally. To look into the variation of the performance of MBICs in automated detection of itch-induced scratch, this article focuses on the experimental data recording step, and reports here for the first time that MBICs' overall performance is inextricably linked to the sharpness of experimentally recorded video of laboratory animal scratch behaviour. This article furthermore demonstrates for the first time that a linearly correlated relationship exists between video sharpness and overall performance (accuracy and specificity, but not sensitivity) of MBICs, and highlight the primary role of experimental data recording in rapid, accurate and consistent quantitative assessment of laboratory animal itch.