bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic approach for experimentally modelling the intercellular coupling system of a mammalian circadian clock at single-cell level
Authors: Han Kui , Mei Long , Zhong Ruoyu , Pang Yuhong , Zhang Eric Erquan , Huang Yanyi
Published: March 2020

A proof-of-concept platform to reconstitute the intercellular coupling system of the central clock using uncoupled, single fibroblast cells in vitro, to mimic SCN slice cultures ex vivo and mouse behavior in vivo phenotypically.
Tin oxide-coated transition metal oxide molecular wires for biomass conversion
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Tateno Haruka , Hara Michikazu , Ueda Wataru
Published: March 2020

Herein, acid catalysts were prepared by coating Sn oxide on molecular wires for the production of levulinic acid from cellulose.
Fusion of thienyl into the backbone of electron acceptor in organic photovoltaic heterojunctions: a comparative study of BTPT-4F and BTPTT-4F
Authors: Bai Rui-Rong , Zhang Cai-Rong , Wu You-Zhi , Zhang Mei-Ling , Chen Yu-Hong , Liu Zi-Jiang , Chen Hong-Shan
Published: March 2020

The fusion of thiophene into a non-fullerene acceptor backbone causes significant suppression of the charge recombination rate at the donor/acceptor heterojunction interface.
A multifunctional plasmonic chip for bacteria capture, imaging, detection, and in situ elimination for wound therapy
Authors: Gao Xia , Wu Haotian , Hao Zhe , Ji Xiangyi , Lin Xiaodong , Wang Shuo , Liu Yaqing
Published: March 2020

A multifunctional plasmonic gold chip is created to serve as a triple enhancer for PEF, SERS and NIR for bacteria analysis.
Anisotropic electroactive elastomer for highly maneuverable soft robotics
Authors: Xiao Youhua , Mao Jie , Shan Yejie , Yang Tao , Chen Zheqi , Zhou Fanghao , He Jin , Shen Youqing , Zhao Junjie , Li Tiefeng , Luo Yingwu
Published: March 2020

Ultrathin anisotropic dielectric elastomer films of triblock copolymers were fabricated, enabling highly maneuverable soft crawlers actuated by sub-kV voltage.
Functionalization of amine-cured epoxy resins by boronic acids based on dynamic dioxazaborocane formation
Authors: Ito Yumiko , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: March 2020

Functionalization of epoxy resins after curing was performed based on dynamic dioxazaborocane formation between intrinsic diethanolamine units in amine-cured epoxy resins and boronic acid modifiers.
Arranging strategies for A-site cations: impact on the stability and carrier migration of hybrid perovskite materials
Authors: Jian Wei , Jia Ran , Zhang Hong-Xing , Bai Fu-Quan
Published: March 2020

An essential understanding is obtained from the cation engineering process into the expected excited-state properties of hybrid perovskite materials.
A 3D open-framework iron hydrogenophosphate showing high proton conductance under water and aqua-ammonia vapor
Authors: Zhao Hai-rong , Jia Yin , Gu Yi , He Feng-yun , Zhang Kai-ming , Tian Zheng-fang , Liu Jian-Lan
Published: March 2020

Herein we report the first example of the proton conductivity of an open-framework metal phosphate (NH3(CH2)3NH3)2–[Fe4(OH)3(HPO4)2(PO4)3]·4H2O under aqua-ammonia vapor.
Surfactant concentration modulates the motion and placement of microparticles in an inhomogeneous electric field
Authors: Masukawa Marcos K. , Hayakawa Masayuki , Takinoue Masahiro
Published: March 2020

This study revealed that surfactant micelles played two roles for microparticle motions in an inhomogeneous electric field (trapping, oscillating, or attachment to electrodes): particle charging and charge relaxation, depending on its concentration.
Effect of alcohol addition on the structure and corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on AZ31B magnesium alloy
Authors: Asoh Hidetaka , Asakura Kento , Hashimoto Hideki
Published: March 2020

Alcohol used as an additive could act not only as a leveler for the formation of compact film but also as an enhancer for film qualities, such as corrosion resistance and withstand voltage.
Non-covalent allosteric regulation of capsule catalysis
Authors: Martí-Centelles Vicente , Spicer Rebecca L. , Lusby Paul J.
Published: March 2020

External effector binding allosterically regulates the catalytic properties of a simple Pd2L4 capsule.
Sustainable electric power generation from live anaerobic digestion of sugar industry effluents using microbial fuel cells
Authors: Sreelekshmy Bhuvanendran Revamma , Basheer Rubina , Sivaraman Savithri , Vasudevan Vipinlal , Elias Liju , Shibli S. M. A.
Published: March 2020

Design and operation of microbial fuel cells for sustained electric power generation from sugar industry effluents.
Ultrahigh discharge efficiency and improved energy density in rationally designed bilayer polyetherimide–BaTiO3/P(VDF-HFP) composites
Authors: Sun Liang , Shi Zhicheng , Wang Huanlei , Zhang Kun , Dastan Davoud , Sun Kai , Fan Runhua
Published: March 2020

Ultrahigh efficiencies over 95% and high energy densities are concurrently achieved in rationally designed bilayer polyetherimide–BaTiO3/P(VDF-HFP) composites.
An efficient delivery of photosensitizers and hypoxic prodrugs for a tumor combination therapy by membrane camouflage nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Hanjie , Zhang Chaonan , Zhang Yingying , Tian Ran , Cheng Guohui , Pan Huizhuo , Cui Meihui , Chang Jin
Published: March 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an oxygen-dependent, non-invasive cancer treatment.
Multifunctional and high-performance GeSe/PdSe2heterostructure device with a fast photoresponse
Authors: Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Mumtaz Sohail , Akhtar Imtisal
Published: March 2020

The p-GeSe/n-PdSe2heterostructure shows a high photoresponsivity of 1 × 103A W−1and EQE of 47%.
Achieving enhanced electromagnetic shielding and absorption capacity of cellulose-derived carbon aerogels via tuning the carbonization temperature
Authors: Bai Tiantian , Guo Yan , Liu Hu , Song Gang , Zhang Dianbo , Wang Yaming , Mi Liwei , Guo Zhanhu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: March 2020

A cellulose-derived carbon aerogel with enhanced electromagnetic shielding and absorption capacity was achieved simply by tuning the carbonization temperature.
Theoretical investigation of the Humphreys–Davidson limit at high and low metallicity
Authors: Higgins Erin R. , Vink Jorick S.
Published: March 2020

Context. Current massive star evolution grids are not able to simultaneously reproduce the empirical upper luminosity limit of red supergiants, the Humphrey–Davidson (HD) limit, nor the blue-to-red (B/R) supergiant ratio at high and low metallicity. Although previous studies have shown that the treatment of convection and semi-convection plays a role in the post-main-sequence (MS) evolution to blue or red supergiants (RSGs), a unified treatment for all metallicities has not been achieved so far.

Aims. We focus on developing a better understanding of what drives massive star evolution to blue and red supergiant phases, with the ultimate aim of reproducing the HD limit at varied metallicities. We discuss the consequences of classifying B and R in the B/R ratio and clarify what is required to quantify a relatable theoretical B/R ratio for comparison with observations.

Methods. For solar, Large Magellanic Cloud (50% solar), and Small Magellanic Cloud (20% solar) metallicities, we develop eight grids of MESA models for the mass range 20–60 M⊙ to probe the effect of semi-convection and overshooting on the core helium-burning phase. We compare rotating and non-rotating models with efficient (αsemi = 100) and inefficient semi-convection (αsemi = 0.1), with high and low amounts of core overshooting (αov of 0.1 or 0.5). The red and blue supergiant evolutionary phases are investigated by comparing the fraction of core He-burning lifetimes spent in each phase for a range of masses and metallicities.

Results. We find that the extension of the convective core by overshooting αov = 0.5 has an effect on the post-MS evolution that can disable semi-convection, leading to more RSGs, but a lack of BSGs. We therefore implement αov = 0.1, which switches on semi-convective mixing, but for standard αsemi = 1 would result in an HD limit that is higher than observed at low Z (Large and Small Magellanic Clouds). Therefore, we need to implement very efficient semi-convection of αsemi = 100, which reproduces the HD limit at log L/L⊙ ∼ 5.5 for the Magellanic Clouds while simultaneously reproducing the Galactic HD limit of log L/L⊙ ∼ 5.8 naturally. The effect of semi-convection is not active at high metallicities because the envelope structure is depleted by strong mass loss such that semi-convective regions could not form.

Conclusions. Metallicity-dependent mass loss plays an indirect, yet decisive role in setting the HD limit as a function of Z. For a combination of efficient semi-convection and low overshooting with standard Ṁ(Z), we find a natural HD limit at all metallicities.
Gallensteine – interdisziplinäre Behandlung
Authors: Scherber Philipp Robert , Zúniga Silvia Eugenia , Glanemann Matthias , Lammert Frank
Published: March 2020

Gallstones develop in the gallbladder or the bile ducts. According to their chemical composition, gallstones can be divided into cholesterol stones, which are common, and the rare bile pigment stones. Altogether, up to 20 % of all adults develop gallstones and more than 20 % of them symptoms or complications. Female sex, age, pregnancy, physical inactivity, obesity, overnutrition and genetic factors such as ABCB4 deficiency of the hepatic lecithin transporter are kown risk factors for gallstone formation. In about one half of all patients biliary symptoms precede the three common and potentially life-threatening complications (acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis). Although our knowledge about the genetics and pathophysiology of gallstones has improved, current treatment algorithms are predominantly invasive (ERC and surgery). Thus, better strategies are needed to prevent the formation of gallstones in general.
Autoimmune cholestatische Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Mayer Lena Sophie , Käser Rafael , Böttler Tobias
Published: March 2020

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are rare, autoimmune mediated cholestatic liver diseases. Other auto-immune diseases are often associated with PBC and PSC, and inflammatory bowel disease is present in the majority of PSC patients. In the course of disease, chronic inflammation in the liver leads to fibrotic restructuring and ultimately cirrhosis. The diagnosis of PBC is confirmed serologically and PSC is diagnosed via cholangiography, whereas MRCP is preferred over ERCP. For PBC, the first line therapy is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Prognosis is strongly dependent on the response to UDCA. The only approved second line therapy is obeticholic acid (OCA). Alternatively, Budesonide or Fibrates are often used off-label. In the management of PSC, prevention and adequate treatment of bacterial cholangitis play a major role. For both PBC and PSC novel treatments are currently being tested in clinical trials. Disease management should address compromising symptoms like pruritus and sicca as well as complications due to maldigestion and concomitant autoimmune diseases. The only curative treatment available is liver transplantation and should be considered at a MELD score of 15.
Rapid Assembly of Molecular Complexity from Simple Enamides
Authors: Manolikakes Georg , Kramer Philipp
Published: March 2020

The efficient assembly of structurally complex molecules containing multiple continuous stereogenic centers still constitutes a tremendous challenge for any synthetic organic chemist. In this article, we briefly summarize our recent advances in the utilization of enamides as versatile building blocks for the rapid and highly stereoselective construction of different molecular scaffolds containing up to five continuous stereocenters.
FUNGAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS KERATITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL - OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: H. Sanjeev , K. Karnaker Vimal , Vijay Pai , B. Pai Asha K. , Rekha Rai , S. Krishnaprasad M.
Published: March 2020

Infectious keratitis world wide are a leading cause of ocular morbidity and blindness. A large number of filamentous fungi, Yeasts and Zygomycetes have been incriminated as the causative agent of mycotic keratitis. Early diagnosis and treatment is important in preventing complications like corneal perforation, scleral spread and endopthalmitis. The present study was conducted to elucidate the epidemiological features of mycotic keratitis and study the fungal profile of mycotic keratitis of patients attending our hospital, which is situated on the coastal area of Karnataka.

A total of 127 patients with infectious keratitis were investigated between January 2009 to June 2010. Corneal scraping was obtained from 127 patients under aseptic precaution. The scraping was subjected to 10% KOH wet mount, Gram's staining and culture. Of the total 127 patients suspected of having infectious keratitis, 44 (34.65%) were found to be positive for fungal aetiology. Of these, 40(90.90%) cases were positive on direct microscopy for fungal elements and 26(59.09%) cases showed growth on culture after incubation for 2-8 days. In 14 (31.81%) cases, the culture was found to be sterile despite positive direct microscopic findings, but the results were consistent with clinical findings. Positive culture was obtained in 4(09.09%) cases where direct microscopy was found to be negative. The commonest fungi isolated were Aspergillus species (61.5%)

Mycotic keratitis continues to be an important cause of ocular morbidity, predominantly among rural population. Prompt diagnosis and early institution of antifungal therapy may limit the ocular morbidity and the sequelae of infectious keratitis. As the manifestation of mycotic keratitis is often confusing, a high degree of suspicion with sound knowledge of predisposing factors and microbiological confirmation is very essential to initiate appropriate therapy.
INFLUENCE OF BIOENHANCERS ON THE RELEASE PATTERN OF NIOSOMES CONTAINING METHOTREXATE
Authors: R. Narayana Charyulu , B. Gandhi Kinjal , Jose Jobin , Priya Sneh , S. Shastry C.
Published: March 2020

The aim of present study was to prepare sustained release formulations of niosomes of methotrexate (MTX) alone (N1 to N10) and along withbioenhancers (NB1 to NB9) by thin film hydration technique using span 60 as surfactant,cholesterol as membrane stabilizing agent, curcumin and piperine as bioenhancers and dicetyl phosphate (DCP) as charge inducing agent. All the formulations of niosomeswere characterized on the basis of physical appearance and entrapment efficiency. The invitro releasestudies of optimized formulation of niosomes of MTX alone and along with bioenhancers were performed and compared with pure drug released. The entrapment efficiency of MTX in optimized formulation of niosomes containing MTX along with bioenhancers was found to 56.9% and entrapment efficiency of bioenhancerscurcumin and piperinewas found to be 40.30% and 69.1%respectively. In vitro drug release of optimized formulationsof niosomes of MTX without and with bioenhancers (F3) was found to be 98.89% and 60.97% at the end of 12 h respectively. Results concluded that Niosomes of MTX containing bioenhancers followed sustain release pattern.
PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATION OF A PATIENT WITH HOLLOW BULB OBTURATOR : A CASE REPORT
Authors: Alva Harshitha , D. Krishna Prasad , D. Anupama Prasad
Published: March 2020

A prosthesis used to close a palatal defect in dentulous or partially edentulous mouth is correctly referred to as an obturator. An obturator serves to restore speech, mastication, deglutition and esthetics. A light weight hollow obturator optimises retention and stability as well as patient comfort.

This case report describes the fabrication of an hollow bulb obturator for a completely edentulous patient who has undergone wide excision and partial alveolar resection squeal of management of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate.
A generic method for constructing n-fold covers of 3D conservative chaotic systems
Authors: Cang Shijian , Li Yue , Kang Zhijun , Wang Zenghui
Published: March 2020

This paper reports a generic method for constructing n-fold covers of 3D conservative chaotic systems, which is derived from the theory of the generalized Hamiltonian system. Three typical example systems are constructed based on the proposed method, and their different n-fold cover chaotic flows are investigated theoretically and numerically. For each example system, the motion trajectories are both conservative and chaotic, which can be verified by the Lyapunov exponents, and it is interesting to find that the emergence of n-fold cover conservative chaos mainly relays on the corresponding Hamiltonian. Numerical results show that the proposed generic method is effective to construct n-fold covers of 3D conservative chaotic systems, such as a 3-fold cover in the direction of the y-axis, 2×3-fold cover on the x–y plane, and 2×3×2-fold cover in the 3D phase space. This study also demonstrates that based on appropriate skew-symmetric nonconstant matrices, the n-fold cover conservative chaos can be obtained by changing the Hamiltonian.
Excitation of zonal flow by nonlinear geodesic acoustic mode
Authors: Ren Haijun , Xu X. Q.
Published: March 2020

The zero frequency zonal flow (ZFZF) excitation due to the nonlinear geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is investigated in the framework of gyro-kinetic equations, which were first investigated by Chen et al. [Europhys. Lett. 107, 15003 (2014)]. We show that after integrating over the velocity space, the first order finite orbit width (FOW) term of nonlinear GAM disappears, and hence, the second order FOW term should be taken into account to generate the ZFZF. The anisotropy of the equilibrium is also considered.
Assessment of the SPIDER beam features by diagnostic calorimetry and thermography
Authors: Pimazzoni Antonio , Brombin Matteo , Canocchi Gloria , Delogu Rita S. , Fasolo Daniele , Franchin Luca , Laterza Bruno , Pasqualotto Roberto , Serianni Gianluigi , Tollin Marco
Published: March 2020

The full-size ITER ion source prototype SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from a Radio frequency plasma) has recently started beam operation, whose objective is to produce 100 keV, 60 A hydrogen negative ions for 1 h. The source is presently operated in the volume regime, and the beam power is consequently limited. In such a configuration, the high resolution calorimeter STRIKE (Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter Experiment), even though uncooled, may be used instead of the SPIDER beam dump without limiting the beam-on time. STRIKE is formed by unidirectional carbon fiber–carbon matrix (CFC) composite tiles that are exposed to the beam while their temperature is recorded by using two infra-red cameras. This setup, thanks to the moderate broadening of the temperature profile guaranteed by the anisotropy of CFC, allows for the determination of detailed features of the beam current distribution (spatial resolution is about 2 mm). Furthermore, positively biasing the CFC tiles permits a direct electrical measurement of the negative ion beam current. Besides the total beam current and beam uniformity, which can be retrieved both by calorimetry and electrical measurement, beamlet divergence and deflection can be determined by infra-red thermography. This contribution describes the characterization of the SPIDER negative ion beam as a function of the source and accelerator parameters by means of the diagnostic calorimeter STRIKE in the volume regime.
Predicting metal–metal interactions. I. The influence of strain on nanoparticle and metal adlayer stabilities
Authors: Streibel Verena , Choksi Tej S. , Abild-Pedersen Frank
Published: March 2020

Strain-engineering of bimetallic nanomaterials is an important design strategy for developing new catalysts. Herein, we introduce an approach for including strain effects into a recently introduced, density functional theory (DFT)-based alloy stability model. The model predicts adsorption site stabilities in nanoparticles and connects these site stabilities with catalytic reactivity and selectivity. Strain-based dependencies will increase the model’s accuracy for nanoparticles affected by finite-size effects. In addition to the stability of small nanoparticles, strain also influences the heat of adsorption of epitaxially grown metal-on-metal adlayers. In this respect, we successfully benchmark the strain-including alloy stability model with previous experimentally determined trends in the heats of adsorption of Au and Cu adlayers on Pt (111). For these systems, our model predicts stronger bimetallic interactions in the first monolayer than monometallic interactions in the second monolayer. We explicitly quantify the interplay between destabilizing strain effects and the energy gained by forming new metal–metal bonds. While tensile strain in the first Cu monolayer significantly destabilizes the adsorption strength, compressive strain in the first Au monolayer has a minimal impact on the heat of adsorption. Hence, this study introduces and, by comparison with previous experiments, validates an efficient DFT-based approach for strain-engineering the stability, and, in turn, the catalytic performance, of active sites in bimetallic alloys with atomic level resolution.
Alignment of silver nanowires using heat-assisted dip-coating method
Authors: Shin M. G. , Choi C. J. , Jung Y. , Choi J. H. , Ko J. S.
Published: March 2020

In this study, we report a simple alignment method to align silver nanowires (Ag NWs) using a dip-coating technique while controlling the temperature of glass substrate and Ag NW dispersion. It is found that the structural anisotropy and transmittance characteristics of the substrate lined with the Ag NWs depend on the temperature of the dispersion and substrate and the withdrawal velocity. The maximum structural anisotropy of the aligned Ag NWs was 0.947 at a withdrawal velocity of 1.0 mm/s and a temperature of 80 °C. In addition, a glass substrate with the aligned Ag NWs shows a high transmittance of 96.7% at the sheet resistance of 22 Ω/sq.
Cross-field chaotic transport of electrons by E × B electron drift instability in Hall thruster
Authors: Mandal D. , Elskens Y. , Lemoine N. , Doveil F.
Published: March 2020

A model calculation is presented to characterize the anomalous cross field transport of electrons in a Hall thruster geometry. The anomalous nature of the transport is attributed to the chaotic dynamics of the electrons arising from their interaction with fluctuating unstable electrostatic fields of the electron cyclotron drift instability that is endemic in these devices. The electrons energy gain from those background waves leads to a significant increase in their temperature along the perpendicular direction T⊥/T∥∼4 and an enhanced cross field electron transport along the thruster axial direction. It is shown that the wave-particle interaction induces a mean velocity of the electrons along the axial direction, which is of the same order of magnitude as seen in experimental observations.
The existence of almost-periodic solutions for 1-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quasi-periodic forcing
Authors: Liu Shujuan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we prove that there exist almost-periodic solutions for the Schrödinger equation with quasi-periodic forcing under periodic boundary conditions. This extends the result of Cong et al. [J. Differ. Equations 264, 4504–4563 (2018)] to the case with quasi-periodic forcing. The main difficulty is to ensure the positive lower bound of the non-resonant condition.
Unveiling quantum-limited operation of interband cascade lasers
Authors: Borri Simone , Siciliani de Cumis Mario , Viciani Silvia , D’Amato Francesco , De Natale Paolo
Published: March 2020

A comprehensive experimental analysis of the frequency fluctuations of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser, down to the quantum-limited operation, is reported. These lasers differ from any other class of semiconductor lasers in their structure and internal carrier generation and transport processes. Although already commercially available, a full evaluation of their potential has not been possible, until now, mainly because their internal dynamics are not yet understood well enough. The measured intrinsic linewidth, down to 10 kHz, ranks them in between quantum cascade and bipolar semiconductor lasers. Understanding the noise features is especially important for demanding applications and is a necessary step for a deeper knowledge of the physical behavior for this class of lasers, in view of the development of novel designs for improved performance.
Engineering skyrmions and emergent monopoles in topological spin crystals
Authors: Fujishiro Y. , Kanazawa N. , Tokura Y.
Published: March 2020

Spin structures with a non-trivial topology can emerge through the complex interplay of underlying magnetic interactions. Representative examples are magnetic skyrmions and hedgehogs observed in various materials. Although the most typical size of a skyrmion is 10–100 nm, there has been remarkable progress in the discovery of ultra-small (<3 nm) skyrmions and hedgehogs in the last few years. The dense topological spin crystals not only hold promise for technological applications but also provide a good arena to explore gigantic responses from emergent electromagnetic fields or Berry curvature. Here, we review design principles as well as electronic functions of versatile topological spin crystals, highlighting the distinct properties between skyrmion- and hedgehog-lattice states. Among them, unconventional outcomes from hedgehog-lattice states, such as their formation mechanisms and transport properties induced by the emergent magnetic monopoles, are discussed. The manipulation of such topological spin crystals, based on the strong couplings between topology and spin-charge-lattice degrees of freedom, may pave the way for electronics emerging in the near future.
Phase transformation in MOCVD growth of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films
Authors: Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Johnson Jared M. , Huang Hsien-Lien , Sarker Jith , Zhu Menglin , Karim Md Rezaul , Mazumder Baishakhi , Hwang Jinwoo , Zhao Hongping
Published: March 2020

This paper investigated the growth of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films on semi-insulating (010) Ga2O3 substrates over the entire Al composition range (0% < x ≤ 100%) via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). For the Al composition x < 27%, high quality single phase β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 was achieved. A mixture of β and γ phases existed in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 when Al composition ranged between 27% and 40%, whereas a single γ-phase was observed for the films with Al composition x > 40%. The transition from the β to γ phase in AlGaO alloys was observed from x-ray diffraction spectra. The growth of γ-phase AlGaO with higher Al content was further confirmed via atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and nanodiffraction. Compositional and statistical analyses performed on data acquired from atom probe tomography provided insight on the local compositional homogeneity in AlGaO films with different Al compositions. For AlGaO with pure β or γ phases, the Al composition distribution showed homogeneity with similar Al composition values as extracted from the x-ray diffraction peak positions. For AlGaO films with mixed β and γ phases, inhomogeneity in the Al composition distribution became more obvious in the nm scale. A mechanism was proposed for the observed phase transformation between β and γ phases in MOCVD growth of AlGaO films.
Stability and anion diffusion kinetics of Yttria-stabilized zirconia resolved from machine learning global potential energy surface exploration
Authors: Guan Shu-Hui , Zhang Ke-Xiang , Shang Cheng , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: March 2020

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is an important material with wide industrial applications particularly for its good conductivity in oxygen anion transportation. The conductivity is known to be sensitive to Y concentration: 8 mol. % YSZ (8YSZ) achieves the best performance, which, however, degrades remarkably under ∼1000 °C working conditions. Here, using the recently developed SSW-NN method, stochastic surface walking global optimization based on global neural network potential (G-NN), we establish the first ternary Y–Zr–O G-NN potential by fitting 28 803 first principles dataset screened from more than 107 global potential energy surface (PES) data and explore exhaustively the global PES of YSZ at different Y concentrations. Rich information on the thermodynamics and the anion diffusion kinetics of YSZ is, thus, gleaned, which helps resolve the long-standing puzzles on the stability and conductivity of the 8YSZ. We demonstrate that (i) 8YSZ is the cubic phase YSZ with the lowest possible Y concentrations. It is thermodynamically unstable, tending to segregate into the monoclinic phase of 6.7YSZ and the cubic phase of 20YSZ. (ii) The O anion diffusion in YSZ is mediated by O vacancy sites and moves along the ⟨100⟩ direction. In 8YSZ and 10YSZ, despite different Y concentrations, their anion diffusion barriers are similar, ∼ 1 eV, but in 8YSZ, the O diffusion distance is much longer due to the lack of O vacancy aggregation along the ⟨112⟩ direction. Our results illustrate the power of G-NN potential in solving challenging problems in material science, especially those requiring a deep knowledge on the complex PES.
Rotation of electromagnetic energy initiated by azimuthal surface waves in coaxial metal waveguides entirely filled by plasma
Authors: Girka Igor O. , Pavlenko Ivan V. , Thumm Manfred
Published: March 2020

Azimuthal surface waves are well-known to be eigenwaves of coaxial metal waveguides entirely filled by plasma. The present study of electromagnetic energy transfer complements the investigation of the wave dispersion properties carried out earlier. The angular velocity of energy transfer is analyzed as a function of the coaxial-line parameters and compared with three limiting cases. One case is a metal waveguide entirely filled by plasma. The second case is a metal rod placed into infinite plasma along an external static magnetic field. Finally, the third one is a thin coaxial waveguide.
HfO2/TiO2/HfO2 tri-layer high-K gate oxide based MoS2 negative capacitance FET with steep subthreshold swing
Authors: Islam Md. Sherajul , Sadman Shahrukh , Islam A. S. M. Jannatul , Park Jeongwon
Published: March 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained huge attention due to their ultimate thinness that can help dominate the short channel effect caused by transistor miniaturization. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is one of the most promising 2D materials that has an extremely thin body, facilitates aggressive scaling, and has a high intrinsic bandgap, which allows it to be utilized fairly for transistor applications. In this work, we report a 2D MoS2 based negative capacitance field effect transistor with a novel HfO2/TiO2/HfO2 tri-layer structure as the high-K gate oxide and lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr1-xTix) O3 (PZT), as the ferroelectric in the gate stack. The extensively high Ion/Ioff of 3×1014 (∼six orders higher) and the large transconductance of 1.15 mS/μm (∼25 times higher) are the most spectacular output characteristics of the device, which outperforms all the previous results. The incorporation of a negative capacitance effect exhibits a minimum subthreshold swing of 42.6 mV/dec, which can be realized by introducing 50 nm of a ferroelectric PZT layer over the gate dielectric. Furthermore, a high improvement in the on-state current of ∼177 µA/μm was reported. These results indicate that the proposed device structure provides a new insight into nanoelectronic devices with ultra-low power consumption.
Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of UN and UN+
Authors: Battey S. R. , Bross D. H. , Peterson K. A. , Persinger T. D. , VanGundy R. A. , Heaven M. C.
Published: March 2020

The low-energy electronic states of UN and UN+ have been examined using high-level electronic structure calculations and two-color photoionization techniques. The experimental measurements provided an accurate ionization energy for UN (IE = 50 802 ± 5 cm−1). Spectra for UN+ yielded ro-vibrational constants and established that the ground state has the electronic angular momentum projection Ω = 4. Ab initio calculations were carried out using the spin–orbit state interacting approach with the complete active space second-order perturbation theory method. A series of correlation consistent basis sets were used in conjunction with small-core relativistic pseudopotentials on U to extrapolate to the complete basis set limits. The results for UN correctly obtained an Ω = 3.5 ground state and demonstrated a high density of configurationally related excited states with closely similar ro-vibrational constants. Similar results were obtained for UN+, with reduced complexity owing to the smaller number of outer-shell electrons. The calculated IE for UN was in excellent agreement with the measured value. Improved values for the dissociation energies of UN and UN+, as well as their heats of formation, were obtained using the Feller–Peterson–Dixon composite thermochemistry method, including corrections up through coupled cluster singles, doubles, triples and quadruples. An analysis of the ab initio results from the perspective of the ligand field theory shows that the patterns of electronic states for both UN and UN+ can be understood in terms of the underlying energy level structure of the atomic metal ion.
All-or-none folding of a flexible polymer chain in cylindrical nanoconfinement
Authors: Taylor Mark P. , Prunty Troy M. , O’Neil Christian M.
Published: March 2020

Geometric confinement of a polymer chain results in a loss of conformational entropy. For a chain that can fold into a compact native state via a first-order-like transition, as is the case for many small proteins, confinement typically provides an entropic stabilization of the folded state, thereby shifting the location of the transition. This allows for the possibility of confinement (entropy) driven folding. Here, we investigate such confinement effects for a flexible square-well-sphere N-mer chain (monomer diameter σ) confined within a long cylindrical pore (diameter D) or a closed cylindrical box (height H = D). We carry out Wang–Landau simulations to construct the density of states, which provides access to the complete thermodynamics of the system. For a wide pore, an entropic stabilization of the folded state is observed. However, as the pore diameter approaches the size of the folded chain (D ∼ N1/3σ), we find a destabilization effect. For pore diameters smaller than the native ground-state, the chain folds into a different, higher energy, ground state ensemble and the T vs D phase diagram displays non-monotonic behavior as the system is forced into different ground states for different ranges of D. In this regime, isothermal reduction of the confinement dimension can induce folding, unfolding, or crystallite restructuring. For the cylindrical box, we find a monotonic stabilization effect with decreasing D. Scaling laws for the confinement free energy in the athermal limit are also investigated.
Model developed to study regenerative cooling systems using caloric materials
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: March 2020

Model analyzing the properties of a regenerative cooling device using any caloric material may lead to the optimization of such devices.
Feeding forage or concentrates early in life influences rumen fermentation, metabolic response, immune function and growth of Wagyu × Friesian calves
Authors: Khan M. A. , Burggraaf V. T. , Thomson B. , Muir P. , Lowe K. , Koolaard J. , Heiser A. , Leath S. , McCoard S.
Published: March 2020

Context
Early life nutrition of calves influences their performance later in life. There is limited literature demonstrating the effects of rearing dairy calves in early life on milk with either exclusively forage or concentrate starter diets on metabolic and immune function and post-weaning growth and body composition on a pasture only diet.

Aim
This study evaluated the effects of feeding Wagyu × Holstein Friesian calves a forage starter (FS) or a concentrate starter (CS) for the first 14 weeks of rearing on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, immune function, growth and body composition to Week 41.

Methods
Group-housed calves (Wagyu × Friesian, 10 calves per group, three groups per treatment) were fed milk (2 L per calf twice daily) until Week 7, then transitioned to once a day milk feeding until weaning by Week 9, with ad libitum access to either FS or CS. All calves were transferred to graze ryegrass pastures a week after transitioning to once daily milk feeding, with starter feeds removed gradually by Week 14. Thereafter, calves were reared together on pasture until Week 41.

Results
Solid feed intake was lower in FS than CS calves during the first 7 weeks. Total short chain fatty acids were lower, but acetate to propionate ratio and rumen pH were higher in FS than CS calves at Week 7, with no differences observed at Week 12 or 30. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate an indicator of ketogenic ability of the rumen in developing calves was higher in FS vs CS calves at weaning. Further, FS calves had lower concentrations of circulating non-esterified fatty acids compared with CS calves at weaning. Compared with CS calves, FS calves grew slower for the first 14 weeks which was associated with lower plasma IGF-1 levels. However, FS calves had greater average daily gain after 14 weeks when on pasture and had similar plasma IGF-1 at 30 weeks and similar body weight and body composition (muscle and subcutaneous fat deposition) by Week 41 compared to CS calves.

Conclusions
These results indicate that offering a FS starter has better prepared calves for weaning onto pasture and potentially improved utilisation of forage post-weaning to achieve similar muscle and fat deposition and overall liveweight in both groups by 41 weeks.

Implications
Dairy beef calves can be successfully reared using forage as the only solid feed source without affecting their growth performance on pasture until 10 months of age. Rearing calves using forage will contribute to reducing the usage of concentrate feeds in pastoral dairy-beef production systems and provide an opportunity to fulfil the market requirements and standards for grain-free beef production.
Impact of a tannin extract on animal performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows grazing a tropical pasture
Authors: Orlandi T. , Pozo C. A. , Schiavo J. , Oliveira L. , Kozloski G. V.
Published: March 2020

Context
Tannin extracts have been investigated as natural feed additives with the potential to decrease the enteric emission of methane and urinary N and to improve the productive performance of ruminants. However, the impact of this additive in dairy cattle grazing tropical grass pastures has not been extensively evaluated.

Aims
To evaluate the impact of the Acacia mearnsii bark extract (TA) on productive and nutritional variables in dairy cows grazing a Cynodon dactylon pasture and receiving supplementary corn silage and concentrate.

Methods
Fourteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows were assigned in a randomised block design to either of the following two treatments: concentrate without TA (control) or with 10 g of TA/kg dry matter (DM). The concentrate and corn silage accounted for ~0.30 and 0.30 of total DM intake respectively.

Key results
The dietary concentration of TA was 2.9 g/kg DM and it did not affect nutrients intake, milk production and composition, rumen microbial protein synthesis, plasma urea concentration or faecal N excretion. Total N and urea N excreted in urine were higher, whereas total N excreted in manure tended to be higher in TA treatment.

Conclusions
No productive advantage was obtained by including TA in the diet of dairy cows grazing Cynodon dactylon pasture. Instead, it increased the excretion of labile urinary N.

Implications
The effect of the use of TA as a feed additive for cows fed tropical grass-based diets is negative from the environmental point of view.
The effects of zeranol and oestradiol implants on performance and nutrient digestibility of zero-grazed White Fulani cattle
Authors: Soyelu O. T. , Aderibigbe A. O.
Published: March 2020

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two growth-promoting implants (zeranol and oestradiol-17β) on performance and feed digestibility of finishing White Fulani cattle in the feedlot. This was with a view to determining an alternative means of enhancing cattle performance without grazing the animals.

Methods
A 60-day feedlot trial was conducted using 27 stocker White Fulani bulls that were allotted randomly to three treatment groups (i.e. non-implanted, oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted) in a completely randomised experimental design. Cattle were offered a compounded feedlot ration consisting of 14% crude protein ad libitum. The bulls were weighed initially and fortnightly thereafter for the duration of the study. Coefficients of dry matter and nutrients digestibility were determined using lignin as an internal marker. Data were analysed using the general linear model procedure of ANOVA and mean values were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (l.s.d.0.05).

Key results
The average final liveweight, total weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of implanted feedlot cattle were higher (P < 0.05) than for non-implanted cattle; and higher in oestradiol-implanted cattle compared with zeranol-implanted ones. The ADG was 29.16 and 20.48% higher, and the ADFI was 35.06 and 18.18% higher for oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted feedlot cattle, respectively than for non-implanted cattle. Irrespective of the treatment, feed conversion ratio of experimental bulls remained below the range (4.5–7.5) established for feedlot beef cattle; an indication of better efficiency of feed utilisation by White Fulani cattle. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (59.76–64.31%) of the feedlot ration was in the order: non-implanted = oestradiol-implanted > zeranol-implanted while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (73.91–77.99%) was in the order: non-implanted > oestradiol-implanted = zeranol-implanted.

Conclusions and implications
The results of this study show that the use of an oestradiol implant in finishing zero-grazed White Fulani cattle was beneficial for improving growth performance. Both implanted and non-implanted cattle showed good coefficients of nutrient digestibility, indicating that the mode of action of the growth implants in enhancing performance characteristics does not depend on indices of digestibility.
Polysemic chains, body parts and embodiment
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara
Published: March 2020

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of embodiment via the perspective of meaning approximation, and re-conceptualization in terms of body-part polysemic chains of conceptualization via dynamically constructed categories. In the first part the analysis focuses primarily on the processes in which body part conceptualizations act as special reference points at relevant mental elaboration sites for broader meaning phenomena. The interpretation is further elaborated on with reference to culturally rich image schemas, emerging as a consequence of their dynamic repeatedness. In the second part the concept of embodiment is taken up, the discussion leading to a thesis which assumes the status of lexical meanings as stimulators and instructions to build mental models of objects and events. The framework adopted for the analysis presents examples of body parts from English, Polish and occasionally from other languages and combines interdisciplinary methodological instruments: Cognitive Linguistic construal and conceptualizations, cultural schemas and models, and relevant corpus linguistic tools (monolingual and parallel).
Body-part terms as a linguistic topic and the relevance of body-parts as tools
Authors: Pasch Helma
Published: March 2020

The metaphoric function of body-part terms to denote entire things in other domains is a frequent phenomenon. Body-part terms, are, however, also used to refer to specific parts of inanimate items, a phenomenon which is more frequent in African than in European languages. The names of certain body-part terms are also used within the body domain as modifiers in compound denotations of other, smaller body-parts. There are only few examples where names of animal body-parts, parts of plants or of persons have this function. More frequently the names of artefacts, in particular tools, are used metaphorically as modifiers in compound body-part terms. Compound terms which contain names of part of plants constitute the nucleus. They are likewise rare and have not been found in African languages.

The study is based on data in German, English, French, Dutch, Sango and Zande, but there are also examples from other languages.
Towards a semantic lexicon of body part terms
Authors: Kraska-Szlenk Iwona
Published: March 2020

This chapter focuses on recurring patterns of semantic extension of body part terms taking into account two major factors which lie at the heart of the phenomenon, one being the so-called embodied cognition, the other – shared culture. While these two factors lead to considerable resemblance among unrelated languages, they encounter the counterbalance of language-specific features resulting from non-shared culture and different language usage practices. The question posed is whether a systematic research program can examine polysemy of body part terms from a cross-linguistic perspective and what kinds of difficulties this kind of research would have to overcome.
On the grammatical uses of the ‘head’ in Wolof
Authors: Robert Stéphane
Published: March 2020

In Wolof (Atlantic, Niger-Congo), the grammatical uses of the word for head (bopp) with a possessive modifier range from direct and indirect reflexive pronoun to adnominal intensifier through an intermediary genitival reflexive. This study analyzes the semantic continuity between those different uses, and the various ways they are conditioned by their contexts. With direct and indirect (or oblique) reflexives, the reflexive anaphora has scope over two different semantic roles (agent vs. patient or beneficiary) of the same referent. Being restrictively used for typically other-directed processes, those reflexive constructions imply that alternative (more expected) agents are discarded, producing an emphasis on self-affectedness or self-benefit. This ‘centering’ effect on the actual participant is even clearer with the genitive reflexive and the adnominal intensifier due to their adnominal function. In those constructions, the reflexive anaphora creates a re-identification of the referent in the same role, producing an intensive effect by centering on the identity of the referent, discarding again alternative participants. Altogether, the various reflexive constructions in Wolof, emphasizing the agentivity, responsibility or identity of the referent, point to a metonymical use of the head for the person or individual, which is in accordance with its various lexical uses.
Multifaceted body parts in Murui
Authors: Wojtylak Katarzyna I.
Published: March 2020

Based on the firsthand data from Murui, a Witotoan language spoken in the Northwest Amazon, the study demonstrates how the body part terms ‘back’, ‘face’, ‘mouth, and ‘body’ grammaticalized into the domains covering spatial orientation, time, comparison, counting, and the reflexive. Murui body part nouns did not grammaticalize in isolation; to become grammatical markers, they were obligatorily followed by case marking. This allowed those nouns to preserve the original semantics of the case suffixes, and then to extend their semantics into other domains. For instance, the noun ‘back, spine’, followed by the locative, became a postposition meaning ‘above, on top’, and later also ‘over’, a marker used in comparative constructions and counting. In the contexts in which this process took place, ‘back’ lost its semantic content and many of its original morphosyntactic characteristics.