bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of negative-pressure wound therapy over a cultured epithelial autograft for full-thickness wounds secondary to purpura fulminans in an infant
Authors: Goh Benjamin Kah Liang , Chua Alvin Wen Choong , Chew Khong Yik , Kang Gavin Chun-Wui , Chiang Li-Wei , Tan Bien-Keem , Ramachandran Savitha
Published: November 2020

Purpura fulminans is a serious condition that can result in severe morbidity in the pediatric population. Although autologous skin grafts remain the gold standard for the coverage of partial- to full-thickness wounds, they have several limitations in pediatric patients, including the lack of planar donor sites, the risk of hemodynamic instability, and the limited graft thickness. In Singapore, an in-house skin culture laboratory has been available since 2005 for the use of cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs), especially in burn wounds. However, due to the fragility of CEAs, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressings have been rarely used with CEAs. With several modifications, we report a successful case of NPWT applied over a CEA in an infant who sustained 30% total body surface area full-thickness wounds over the anterior abdomen, flank, and upper thigh secondary to purpura fulminans. We also describe the advantages of using NPWT dressing over a CEA, particularly in pediatric patients.
Vpliv covid-19 na organizacijo kirurške dejavnosti
Authors: Komadina Radko , Crnjac Anton , Sojar Valentin , Gasparini Mladen , Potrč Stojan , Pšenica Janez , Bitenc Marko , Omejc Mirko , Smrkolj Tomaž , Ahčan Uroš , Cimerman Matej , Senekovič Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Pandemija virusa SARS-CoV-2 je popolnoma presenetila celotni svet. V zelo kratkem času je bilo potrebno reorganizirati zdravstveni sistem v celoti. Bolnišnice, ki sprejemajo bolnike s covidom-19, je bilo treba čez noč prestrukturirati v del bolnišnice za bolnike s covidom-19 in v del bolnišnice z ostalimi bolniki, ki nimajo covida-19.

Pri delu s kirurškim bolnikom s covidom-19 je potrebna predvsem popolna in dosledna uporaba zaščitnih sredstev, da ne pride do okužbe zdravstvenega osebja.

Prav tako je potrebna posebna klinična pot znotraj bolnišnic, da ne pride do kontaminacije v delu bolnišnice, ki je brez bolnikov s covidom-19.

Začasno so bile odpovedane vse elektivne kirurške obravnave. Zdaj se pod posebnimi pogoji za zaščito zdravstvenih delavcev in bolnikov ponovno sproščajo.

Pred elektivnimi kirurškimi posegi se priporoča jemanje brisov na covid-19, vendar to ni nujno. Brisi so namreč v 30 % negativni oz. nezanesljivi in se nanje ne moremo popolnoma zanesti. Predvsem je pomembno, da bolnik v zadnjih 14 dneh ni imel znakov prehladne bolezni in prav tako ne člani njegove družine. Znotraj ustanove se moramo vesti do vsakega sprejetega bolnika, kot da je lahko okužen z virusom SARS-CoV-2. Enako velja za osebje. Ravnati se je potrebno glede zaščitnih ukrepov tako, kot da je vsak od zaposlenih okužen z virusom SARS-CoV-2.
Narrativas de ida y vuelta: flamenco, tauromaquia, literatura y diálogos transatlánticos
Authors: Gallardo Saborido Emilio J.
Published: November 2020

Esta contribución se acerca a las relaciones entre narrativa y flamenco en sendas novelas escritas por autores latinoamericanos en el primer tercio del siglo XX (Santa, 1903, del mexicano Federico Gamboa, y El embrujo de Sevilla, 1922, del uruguayo Carlos Reyles). De este modo, se atiende al uso del flamenco como marcador de la identidad andaluza y como recurso propiciador del diálogo transatlántico entre España y América Latina. Específicamente, en el caso de Gamboa se prioriza la reflexión sobre las relaciones entre masculinidad andaluza y flamenco; mientras que en el de Reyles se profundiza en las conexiones entre flamenco y religión. En fin, ambos textos se insertan y dialogan con una dilatada tradición literaria que recurre a Andalucía como cornucopia creativa, como acicate de la imaginación, al tiempo que patentizan el contemporáneo trasiego cultural entre España y América Latina, que ha tenido como puente de unión el flamenco y los flamencos.
Les pointes de projectiles polies du site de Nunalleq (village d’Agaligmiut), sud-ouest de l’Alaska : Une nouvelle approche des Bow-and-Arrow Wars chez les Yupiit
Authors: Gómez Coutouly Yan Axel , Knecht Rick , Masson-MacLean Edouard
Published: November 2020

La fouille du site de Nunalleq (GDN-248) en territoire yup’ik a révélé une succession d’au moins trois niveaux allant vers 1570-1630 après J.C. à 1645–1675 après J.C. correspondant à plusieurs phases de construction et d’habitation d’une maison semi-souterraine de l’époque précontact du village historiquement appelé Agaligmiut. Les occupations du site s’inscrivent dans le cadre historique des Bow-and-Arrow Wars, et le dernier niveau concerne justement la destruction et l’abandon du village après un raid par un groupe extérieur. Cette étude se focalise sur l’outillage en pierre, et plus précisément sur les pointes de projectiles. Il s’agit donc d’étudier cette période de conflits à travers un des types d’outils ayant justement servi à ce conflit : les armatures de flèches. L’étude de ce matériel a permis de mieux comprendre le déroulement de l’attaque qui a conduit à la destruction et l’abandon du village, ainsi que certains aspects de la période des Bow-and-Arrow Wars, qui demeure relativement peu connue d’un point de vue archéologique.
Les complications du deuil chez l’enfant
Authors: Romano Hélène
Published: November 2020

Si le deuil compliqué est aujourd’hui une entité clinique reconnue chez l’adulte, il reste encore particulièrement difficile à appréhender chez l’enfant, tout comme le sont les autres complications du deuil. Dans le présent article, nous rappelons d’abord la spécificité du deuil chez l’enfant. Puis, nous évoquons ce qu’il en est des complications du deuil infantile. Et finalement, nous abordons les perspectives de prises en charge possibles de ces enfants et de leurs proches dans ces contextes si spécifiques de deuil compliqué.
Les données numériques post mortem et les référents culturels au Cameroun. Un essai d’analyse
Authors: Jumbo Léopold Maurice
Published: November 2020

Le fait d’étudier des sujets tabous – en ce sens qu’ils font toujours l’objet de déni et d’effroi − comme le rapport à la mort, la représentation de la survivance de l’âme et les rites funéraires traditionnels ou numériques présente un intérêt à plusieurs points de vue. D’abord, sur le plan phénoménologique, il s’agit d’observer et de décrire les nouvelles pratiques communicationnelles dans l’espace socioculturel. Puis, sur le plan méthodologique, la démarche de recherche sollicite les apports de diverses disciplines qui vont de l’anthropologie à la sociologie de la mort en passant par les sciences de l’information et de la communication. Cet article analyse les « nouvelles liaisons » avec les morts à l’aune du numérique (Bourdeloie et al., 2016) à partir de données recueillies au Cameroun. En favorisant l’émancipation des cultures face à certaines contraintes, Internet oblige à repenser les modes de médiation avec l’au-delà. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que même dans un contexte de faible pénétration d’Internet et de fortes croyances dans l’efficacité des rites traditionnels cette technologie bouleverse les usages et se révèle un dispositif d’accompagnement plutôt que de substitution.
Le récit d’Hannah Baker dans la série 13 Reasons Why : de la vérité de soi à celle des autres dans le processus de deuil
Authors: Grabherr Catherine
Published: November 2020

Le présent essai, issu d’une analyse herméneutique de la série américaine 13 Reasons Why (2017, saison 1), se propose d’explorer le thème de la vérité de soi à travers le récit post-mortem d’Hannah Baker, de même que ses répercussions psychologiques sur les personnages endeuillés. D’une part, ses confidences révèlent une expérience tragique et éclairante de son processus suicidaire; d’autre part, elles mobilisent une quête de vérité à la fois objective et subjective chez les endeuillés, permettant à certains d’élucider leurs propres enjeux personnels à travers une co-construction de sens. Il en découle un idéal relationnel réparateur qui favorise, selon nous, la représentation d’un deuil résilient. Cette étude préliminaire consiste à apporter un éclairage différent sur la première saison de la série, largement décriée dans les médias en raison du risque de « contagion » suicidaire auprès d’une population vulnérable. Nous concluons sur l’importance d’approfondir les thèmes de la fragilité humaine, de la transformation de soi et de la perfectibilité relationnelle, comme une manière de faire valoir le potentiel éducatif d’une série qui aborde avec profondeur et sensibilité toute la complexité de notre rapport à la vie et à la mort.
La transmission des savoirs sur les soins mortuaires
Authors: Pham Quang Long
Published: November 2020

Le présent article porte sur la transmission des savoirs concernant le métier d’agent de chambre mortuaire en France. Apprendre concrètement ce travail fait l’objet d’une transmission entre pairs. En communication avec les familles endeuillées, une certaine idée de la continuité des soins est aussi transmise. La réflexion proposée se fonde sur des entrevues menées avec des intervenantes et intervenants professionnels. L’attention est portée non seulement sur les contenus transmis lors de l’interaction entre la ou le novice et la personne responsable du tutorat, mais aussi sur la manière dont est prise en compte la dimension humaine par les différents acteurs et actrices concernés et ce qu’elle peut signifier pour eux et elles.
LA PERTURBATION
Authors: Langevin Francis
Published: November 2020

Cet article propose une lecture attentive aux perturbations qui agitent les univers de quatre ouvrages de Lise Tremblay. Parfois destructeurs, parfois libérateurs, ces bouleversements donnent lieu à une mise en évidence des résistances associées aux discours et aux valeurs des lieux, et en particulier des lieux régionaux. Dans La héronnière, la perturbation semble provenir de l’extérieur, des « étrangers » : les femmes du village émigrent vers la ville alors même que les néoruraux semblent prendre possession des lieux. Dans La soeur de Judith, la maison familiale et son quartier résidentiel forment un espace discursif clos dominé par un régime de valeurs nourri au commérage superstitieux, à la bigoterie et à la honte, univers dont la narratrice adolescente est sur le point de s’extraire. Chemin Saint-Paul propose quant à lui une archéologie des traumatismes intergénérationnels familiaux par laquelle la narratrice réconcilie son exil géographique avec sa venue à l’écriture. Une sorte d’apaisement accompagne enfin la résolution du conflit central du roman L’habitude des bêtes, alors que les résistances ataviques cessent de percevoir la norme extérieure, « étrangère » aux valeurs du locus, comme une source de perturbations à combattre.
SOUS LE REGARD DU PÈRE
Authors: Godin Louis-Daniel
Published: November 2020

L’oeuvre de Lise Tremblay regorge de personnages, de narratrices et de
narrateurs dont le quotidien est façonné par l’expérience de la honte. La pêche
blanche et La danse juive ont ceci de particulier qu’ils situent dans
l’enfance l’origine de la honte, toujours engendrée par un regard de dédain du père
posé sur le corps de l’enfant — fils « chétif », boiteux ; fille souffrant
d’obésité. Dans l’expérience traumatique de cet affect particulier, le sujet est
appelé à assumer son image sous le regard d’autrui ; une image qui ne correspond pas
à son désir, mais qui le détermine malgré tout. L’oeuvre de Tremblay présente des
pères dont le regard et la voix ont établi les frontières réelles et imaginaires qui
contraignent les sujets, tant dans leur corps que dans l’espace. Cet article aborde,
depuis une perspective psychanalytique de l’identification, l’articulation poétique
particulière entre la honte, la figure paternelle et le corps que l’oeuvre de Lise
Tremblay déploie, et qui permet de lire le meurtre perpétré à l’endroit du père dans
La danse juive comme le prolongement d’un fantasme parricide déjà mis en
récit dans La pêche blanche.
LES TERRITOIRES DE LA RUMEUR DANS L’OEUVRE DE LISE TREMBLAY
Authors: Laforest Daniel
Published: November 2020

Cet article propose une lecture des livres de Lise Tremblay La
héronnière, La soeur de Judith et L’Habitude des bêtes basée
sur la façon originale — à notre avis sans équivalent — dont ils mettent en forme
l’habitabilité des lieux exurbains de la province. Ces derniers apparaissent comme
des communautés opaques et rébarbatives dont la part représentable tient à des
réseaux langagiers issus de modes d’échange en principe étranger à la langue
littéraire : la méfiance, la médisance, la rumeur. La tâche de l’auteure, qui
s’avoue elle-même extérieure à ces réseaux, relève alors bien plus du rapiéçage que
de la représentation ou du témoignage. À l’arrivée, la géographie imaginaire que
cela dessine nous aide à penser plus avant le rapport de l’écrivain.e du Québec à
son territoire, particulièrement en regard des notions d’authenticité et
d’enracinement dont on dira que le lien aux espaces régionaux contemporains pourrait
souffrir davantage de controverse.
ENJEUX ÉTHIQUES D’UN RÔLE NON PARLANT
Authors: Chevrette Éric
Published: November 2020

Publié en 2006, Le personnage secondaire de Carl Leblanc raconte les
démarches et les réflexions entourant son documentaire de 2004, L’otage.
Ces deux oeuvres cherchent à faire entendre la voix de James Richard Cross, ce
diplomate britannique enlevé par le FLQ en octobre 1970 et séquestré pendant
cinquante-neuf jours. En racontant cette histoire deux fois plutôt qu’une, et en
abordant par son livre la genèse du film, Leblanc se positionne par rapport à
l’histoire communément acceptée et à son contexte de production. Le travail de
Leblanc, et en particulier son récit de 2006, soulève ainsi un certain nombre de
questions d’ordre éthique, esthétique et historiographique que cet article vise à
mettre en valeur et en contexte.
Innovation dans l’enseignement supérieur : des modèles aux pratiques, quels principes retenir?
Authors: Paquelin Didier
Published: November 2020

Pour faire face à la diversité de même qu’aux défis et enjeux liés à l’évolution des publics, des besoins du monde socio-économique, et à la forte présence du numérique, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur et les acteurs sont interpellés dans leurs pratiques routinisées. Ce constat suppose de penser la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques au-delà d’un outillage technologique, et dans un changement paradigmatique systémique qui convoque un nouvel alignement institutionnel. Les agentivités, individuelle et collective, se trouvent fortement convoquées dans cette dynamique de coconstruction, dont le présent article analyse plusieurs dimensions dans leurs singularités et complémentarités. Éloignée des approches qui présentent l’innovation en éducation comme la minimalisation des résistances et l’action sur des leviers, l’analyse rappelle l’importance d’une verticalité managériale portant une vision et qui s’allie à une horizontalité de la confiance qui reconnaît aux acteurs leur capacité à mettre en oeuvre ce processus de reconfiguration des pratiques. Celui-ci serait dès lors conjointement régulé par l’ensemble des acteurs au sein d’un cadre sécurisé dans lequel chacun agirait selon des degrés de responsabilité reconnus et assumés.
Les communautés de pratique (CdP) comme nouvelles modalités d’apprentissage : enjeux et défis
Authors: Demers Geneviève , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: November 2020

Avec l’avènement de la nouvelle économie fondée sur la connaissance et le capital social, de plus en plus d’organisations misent sur les communautés de pratique (CdP) comme lieux d’apprentissage pouvant amener les membres vers un accroissement de leurs capacités. Notre recherche visait donc à comprendre le fonctionnement des communautés de pratique comme nouvelles modalités d’apprentissage en contexte universitaire. Nous avons procédé à une analyse comparée de deux communautés de pratique dont l’origine de création et la motivation sont très différentes. Voulant mieux comprendre ce nouveau mode d’apprentissage par CdP, nous avons observé nombre de bénéfices. Toutefois, le potentiel d’apprentissage paraît ici limité, notamment en raison des défis rencontrés en ce qui concerne particulièrement l’organisation interne des groupes, le manque de temps et de ressources, imputable notamment à l’absence de valorisation des communautés de pratique par les supérieurs et l’université.
Pandémie de COVID-19 : de nouvelles contraintes journalistiques qui menacent le droit à l’information
Authors: Lacroix1 Caroline , Carignan Marie-Ève
Published: November 2020

Lorsqu’elle est survenue au printemps 2020, la pandémie de COVID-19 a engendré d’importants bouleversements, notamment chez les professionnels de l’information sur lesquels une grande pression s’est exercée. Partant de la prémisse voulant que les pratiques journalistiques puissent largement influencer la qualité de l’information livrée au public, qui elle permet une meilleure compréhension des enjeux sociaux, cet article s’intéresse aux défis auxquels les journalistes québécois ont été confrontés pendant les premières semaines de la pandémie de coronavirus ainsi qu’à leurs effets sur les pratiques professionnelles. À partir d’entretiens semi-dirigés, nous explorons comment la crise sanitaire a affecté les journalistes et la façon dont ils ont dû adapter leurs pratiques professionnelles à des situations exceptionnelles pour être en mesure d’informer le public. Notre analyse démontre que cette crise a, dans un premier temps, amplifié la pression sur les journalistes par une augmentation de la charge de travail et du rythme de production ainsi que par de nouvelles difficultés limitant leur accès aux sources d’information. Elle a, dans un deuxième temps, engendré de nouveaux défis liés à la pratique du journalisme en confinement et au travail de terrain en présence d’un virus alors méconnu. De façon générale, nous pouvons affirmer que ces enjeux ont entravé les pratiques professionnelles des journalistes et menacé le droit du public à l’information.
Implementation of GIS Application for Water Company Needs
Authors: Mickrenska‑Cherneva Christina , Mladenov Radoslav
Published: November 2020

The process of designing and implementing industrial models (or GIS) for underground utility infrastructure (UUI) includes a number of activities related to the analysis of source data to identify objects, pre‑processing the initial data, creating spatial database and development of relevant graphic (maps) and text (registers) products. Nowadays, every organization needs to be flexible and able to respond in a timely and adequate manner to the changes that occur in a complex and dynamic external environment. This is the reason why the paper proposes an approach for the design and development of a geoinformation system (GIS), through the capabilities of modern software for a part of the water supply and sewerage network for the needs of Water Supply and Sewerage Berkovitsa LTD. The purpose of the paper and GIS for maintaining data on UUI is to provide access to digital data for underground utility infrastructure and their characteristics, as well as to assist in the easy creation of references to underground utility infrastructure data in digital and graphic form.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CHANGES IN THE T-PHASE OF Al-Cu-Ni ALLOYS
Authors: LU HSUEH-SHAN  , CHANG TSUNG  ,   中国科学院应用物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A thorough investigation by means of X-rays has been carried out with the purpose to determine the nature of the ternary phase τ in Al-Cu-Ni alloys. In contrast with the conventional concept of alloy phase which is characterized by a definite type of crystal structure, systematic structure changes are found in the single phase field of τ which occupies quite an extensive area in the isothermal section of the phase diagram at room temperature. There are eight types of structures altogether, all derived from a basic rhombohedron with corners occupied by Al atoms and centres either occupied by the heavy atoms or remaining vacant. The basic rhombohedron is the building stone in the crystal architecture. By transforming the basic rhombohedron into a hexagonal prism in the usual way, all structures may be considered to be built up by stacking together a number of these hexagonal prisms along the triad. The transformation of one structure into another is quite systematic in the way that the number of the stacking stories in the unit cell increases according to the order 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. The atomic arrangements in the different structures are closely related too, in the respect that they are all superstructures due to the presence of ordered vacancies in the rhombohedral centres.The principal factor controlling the formation of these structures has been fully considered. In view of the fact that the change of structure types follows closely with the content of Ni or Cu for alloys of constant Al content, the atomic size factor appears to be unimportant in the formation of these alloys. It has been shown that for alloy phases of the defect lattice type as the r-phase, the most fundamental factor is the average number of valency electrons per structural unit which is the basic rhombohedron in the present case. By assuming Hume-Rothery's valencies, the average number of valency electrons remains remarkably constant throughout the entire phase field, while the electron concentration varies with compositions. It has also been pointed out that for alloy phases where there is no unit cell change, the average number of electrons per structural unit is equivalent to the number of electrons per unit cell, and for alloy phase where there is no defect, this is in effect equivalent to the electron concentration.
SPACE-CHARGE WAVE THEORY OF MULTIPLE BUNCHING
Authors: HSIEH CHIA-LIN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In the present work, a theory of multiple bunching including the effect of space-charge is developed through the use of space-charge wave concept. The results contain Feenberg's kinematic theory as a special case and reveal characteristics of multiple bunching system that could not be obtained from the kinematic approach.The theory will find applications in microwave electronic devices and some examples of practical significance are discussed.
AN APPROXIMATE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PLANE STRESS OF ORTHOTROPIC MATERIAL
Authors: HAO TUNG-SHENG  ,   北京矿业学院
Published: November 2020

In this paper, an approximate expression for solving plane stress problem of orthotropic material is worked out based upon the procedures of Lecknitzky's work. For the purpose of applications, three simple examples are given, namely: (1) The bending of beam with circular hole, ( 2 ) circular hole in a plate under simple tension, ( 3 ) elliptic hole in an infinite plane with uniformly distributed pressure acting on the edge of hole.
SOME REMARKS ON THE THEORY OF EXPANSORS
Authors: CHANG TSUNG-SUI  ,   中国科学院数学研究所,北京师范大学理论物理教研室
Published: November 2020

This paper is a brief discussion of the properties of expansors introduced by Dirac(1945). After transforming the expansors Anrst to ξ-representation defined by 〈ξ|〉=∑ξ0-n-1ξ1rξ2sξ3tAnrst (1) and showing that undergoes transformations identical with standardrepresentations in a Lorentz transformation, it is shown that of the two fundamental invariants J=-1/2IklIkl,I=-1/2εklmnIklImn (2) characterizing the different irreducible representations of the Lorentz group, the second one in the theory of expansors is always zero. It is also shown that the requirement of the different eigenfunctions of J in the space to behave regularly for all ratios of ξ leads to J1/2, (3) (ii)I′=±(1+J)1/2i,J′=1+J.(4) Explicit formula for such matrixes are also worked out.If we require expansors after operations by such operators remain as expansors, we must let -1≤J≤0 and confine ourselves to the selection rule I′=0,J′=1+J-2(1+J)1/2. (5) Since successive transformations of J by the above formula starting with an initial value of J, say J1, satisfying -1≤J1≤0 do not lead to values of J beyond J1 and J2 J2≡1+J1-2(1+J1)1/2 (both J1, J2 being negative), it is clear that in constructing a wave equation of the type (-irμpμ+k)ψ=0 (6) with ψ in expansor spaces, the simplest formulation is to let the space of ψ to consist of two such expansor spaces (J1 0), (J2,0). Of course, the matrixes γμ are so choosen that only the selection rule (5) is effective. It is shown that the operators ξvξv?/(?ξμ)-(1±(1+J)1/2)ξμ (7) transform the (J,0) space to the spaces (1+J±2(1+J)1/2,0) respectively. Thus γμ may be constructed easily in terms of the operator ξvξv?/(?ξμ)-(1-(1+J)1/2)ξμ. Investigations of such wave equations will be left later.
PLASTICAL PROBLEMS OF A CRYSTAL THAT HAS A TWO-HOLD SYMMETRICAL AXIS
Authors: ZHANG HUNG-TU  ,   兰州大学
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the Fourier transtorm method is used to solve the plane problems of an elastically anisotropical crystal thai has a two-hold symmetriceal axis. The stress distribution formulas of a crystal produced by the aetion of a point force are derived. Using these formulas the stress field of a, dislocation in the crystal is obtained. As an example, it is ealculated that the twined Zn crystal can lower its elastical energy about 35 per cent.
UNIVERSAL METHODS FOR THE SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALLOY STEELS
Authors: KEN TA-KANG  , HAN THANG-YU  , YU PO  , CHANG KUNG-SOO  , WANG HUNG-CHANG  ,   中国科学院金属研究所
Published: November 2020

In order to simplify the preparation of standards and to reduce the effects of micro-structure and physical state of samples in the spectrochemical analysis of alloy steels, universal methodg are developed in this laboratory. For the solution method, steel samples dissolved in acid and dropped on the flat tip of carbon electrodes are excited in a spark source. For the powder method, oxides prepared from the steel samples are put in cavities of carbon electrodes and excited in an a. c. are. Experiments show that these procedures give satisfactory analytical results.
ON THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE DECAY PRODUCTS OF PARTICLE OF ARBITRARY SPIN
Authors: CHEN J. M.  , HO T. H.  , SAN D. C.  , TZU H. Y.  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

The angular distribution of the decay products of particle of arbitrary spin decaying into a particle of spin zero and a particle of spin 1/2 is investigated. The expressions for the expansion coefficients are derived. It is found that coeffieients of terms of even order spherical harmonics are independent of the detailed form of the interaction Hamiltonian inducing the decay process. But the expansion coefficients of terms of odd order spherical harmonics depend on a parameter α, which is a measure of the interference between the parity conserving and the parity nonconserving interaction. The maximum values which can be taken by the various coefficients are given. It is found that the maximum values of the even coefficients increase with the value of the spin of the initial particle, while those of the odd coefficients decrease correspondingly. The expression for the density matrix of the initial particle as a function of these expansion coefficients is also given which can be used to determine the state of polarization of the initial particle and the interference between the parity conserving and parity nonconserving interactions, when the expansion coefficients are known.
WAVE FUNCTIONS AND POLAEIZATION STATES OF A TWO-PHOTON SYSTEM
Authors: WANG YUNG  ,   中国科学院办公厅
Published: November 2020

All the wave function of a two-photon system with definite angular momentum and parity are found out, the polarization states of photons systematically analyzed. The imperfections in the discussions of Yang, Shirokov and Shapiro are also cleared away.
Fgf4 maintains Hes7 levels critical for normal somite segmentation clock function
Authors: Anderson Matthew J , Magidson Valentin , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Lewandoski Mark
Published: November 2020

During vertebrate development, the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) periodically segments into somites, which will form the segmented vertebral column and associated muscle, connective tissue, and dermis. The periodicity of somitogenesis is regulated by a segmentation clock of oscillating Notch activity. Here, we examined mouse mutants lacking onlyFgf4orFgf8, which we previously demonstrated act redundantly to prevent PSM differentiation.Fgf8is not required for somitogenesis, butFgf4mutants display a range of vertebral defects. We analyzedFgf4mutants by quantifying mRNAs fluorescently labeled by hybridization chain reaction within Imaris-based volumetric tissue subsets. These data indicate that FGF4 maintainsHes7levels and normal oscillatory patterns. To support our hypothesis that FGF4 regulates somitogenesis throughHes7, we demonstrate genetic synergy betweenHes7andFgf4, but not withFgf8. Our data indicate thatFgf4is potentially important in a spectrum of human Segmentation Defects of the Vertebrae caused by defective Notch oscillations.
Curvature domains in V4 of macaque monkey
Authors: Hu Jia Ming , Song Xue Mei , Wang Qiannan , Roe Anna Wang
Published: November 2020

An important aspect of visual object recognition is the ability to perceive object shape. Two basic components of complex shapes are straight and curved contours. A large body of evidence suggests a modular hierarchy for shape representation progressing from simple and complex orientation in early areas V1 and V2, to increasingly complex stages of curvature representation in V4, TEO, and TE. Here, we reinforce and extend the concept of modular representation. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging in Macaque area V4, we find sub-millimeter sized modules for curvature representation that are organized from low to high curvatures as well as domains with complex curvature preference. We propose a possible ‘curvature hypercolumn’ within V4. In combination with previous studies, we suggest that the key emergent functions at each stage of cortical processing are represented in systematic, modular maps.
Curvature-processing domains in primate V4
Authors: Tang Rendong , Song Qianling , Li Ying , Zhang Rui , Cai Xingya , Lu Haidong D
Published: November 2020

Neurons in primate V4 exhibit various types of selectivity for contour shapes, including curves, angles, and simple shapes. How are these neurons organized in V4 remains unclear. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging and two-photon calcium imaging, we observed submillimeter functional domains in V4 that contained neurons preferring curved contours over rectilinear ones. These curvature domains had similar sizes and response amplitudes as orientation domains but tended to separate from these regions. Within the curvature domains, neurons that preferred circles or curve orientations clustered further into finer scale subdomains. Nevertheless, individual neurons also had a wide range of contour selectivity, and neighboring neurons exhibited a substantial diversity in shape tuning besides their common shape preferences. In strong contrast to V4, V1 and V2 did not have such contour-shape-related domains. These findings highlight the importance and complexity of curvature processing in visual object recognition and the key functional role of V4 in this process.
Frequency of night shift and menstrual cycle characteristics in Japanese nurses working under two or three rotating shifts
Authors: Mayama Michinori , Umazume Takeshi , Watari Hidemichi , Nishiguchi Sho , Moromizato Takuhiro , Watari Takashi
Published: November 2020

Objectives

In Japan, the prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles and its association with the frequency of night shifts have scarcely assessed. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between irregular menstrual cycles and the frequency of night shifts in Japanese female nurses.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional web-based self-administered questionnaire survey in 2019. An irregular menstrual cycle was defined as a cycle length of ≤21 days or ≥39 days at least a few times over the past year or amenorrhea for at least 3 months. We used Poison regression analysis with a robust error variance to calculate the prevalence ratios adjusted for age, body mass index, hospital size, and the department in which they worked.

Results

A total of 1249 women were included, and 679 (54.4%) and 195 (15.6%) of them worked under two and three rotating shifts. The prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles was 24.8%, 37.4%, and 35.9% in the no night, two rotating, and three rotating shifts groups, respectively. While the frequency of night shifts had a dose-responsive relationship with irregular menstrual cycles in the two rotating shifts group, it was not observed in the three rotating shifts group. However, the risk of work getting affected by dysmenorrhea or premenstrual symptoms increased in the three rotating shifts group.

Conclusions

Over 30% of Japanese female nurses working under night shifts had irregular menstrual cycles. The high frequency of night shifts increased the risk of irregular menstrual cycles and secondary amenorrhea in the two rotating shifts group.
Depressive Symptoms and the Effectiveness of a Urate‐Lowering Therapy in a Clinical Trial
Authors: Mrug Sylvie , Orihuela Catheryn , Rahn Elizabeth , Mudano Amy , Foster Jeffrey , Saag Kenneth , Gaffo Angelo
Published: November 2020

Objective

This ancillary study examined the impact of depressive symptoms on the effectiveness of a urate‐lowering therapy in the context of a clinical trial.

Methods

Participants included 67 adults (ages 18–40) with elevated blood pressure who were enrolled in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of allopurinol (300 mg/d) versus placebo to decrease blood pressure. Depressive symptoms were measured at the beginning of each 4‐week phase with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD‐10). Serum urate (sUA) was assessed at the beginning and end of each treatment phase. Compliance to treatment was measured by having detectable oxypurinol levels. Linear regressions tested associations between depressive symptoms and change in sUA in each phase, adjusting for sex and race. Logistic regression predicted compliance from depressive symptoms.

Results

Participants had a mean age of 27 years and were 64% male and 39% African American. sUA levels decreased during the allopurinol treatment period but did not change during the placebo period. Higher depressive symptoms at pretreatment were associated with an attenuated urate‐lowering response during the allopurinol phase (β = 0.24, p < 0.05), but had no effect on sUA changes during the placebo phase. Depressive symptoms were not associated with treatment compliance assessed by oxypurinol levels.

Conclusion

Depressive symptoms were associated with reduced efficacy of allopurinol treatment for hyperuricemia in a clinical trial targeting hypertension. Studies evaluating the efficacy of urate‐lowering therapies may benefit from screening for depressive symptoms.
Liquid‐Flowing Graphene Chip‐Based High‐Resolution Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koo Kunmo , Park Jungjae , Ji Sanghyeon , Toleukhanova Saltanat , Yuk Jong Min
Published: November 2020

The recent advances in liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy represent tremendous potential in many different fields and exciting new opportunities. However, achieving both high‐resolution imaging and operando capabilities remain a significant challenge. This work suggests a novel in situ imaging platform of liquid‐flowing graphene chip TEM (LFGC‐TEM) equipped with graphene viewing windows and a liquid exchange system. The LFGCs are robust under high‐pressure gradients and rapid liquid circulation in ranges covering the experimental conditions accessible with conventional thick SiNx chips. LFGC‐TEM provides atomic resolution for colloidal nanoparticles and molecular‐level information limits for unstained wet biomolecules and cells that are comparable to the resolutions achievable with solid‐phase and cryogenic TEM, respectively. This imaging platform can provide an opportunity for live imaging of biological phenomena that is not yet achieved using any current methods.
High‐Performance Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Efficient Energy Transfer between Coupled Quasi‐2D Perovskite Layers
Authors: Ren Zhenwei , Yu Jiahao , Qin Zhaotong , Wang Jing , Sun Jiayun , Chan Christopher C. S. , Ding Shihao , Wang Kai , Chen Rui , Wong Kam Sing , Lu Xinhui , Yin Wan‐Jian , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: November 2020

While there has been extensive investigation into modulating quasi‐2D perovskite compositions in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for promoting their electroluminescence, very few reports have studied approaches involving enhancement of the energy transfer between quasi‐2D perovskite layers of the film, which plays very important role for achieving high‐performance perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). In this work, a bifunctional ligand of 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)benzoic acid (ABA) cation is strategically introduced into the perovskite to diminish the weak van der Waals gap between individual perovskite layers for promoting coupled quasi‐2D perovskite layers. In particular, the strengthened interaction between coupled quasi‐2D perovskite layers favors an efficient energy transfer in the perovskite films. The introduced ABA can also simultaneously passivate the perovskite defects by reducing metallic Pb for less nonradiative recombination loss. Benefiting from the advanced properties of ABA incorporated perovskites, highly efficient blue PeLEDs with external quantum efficiency of 10.11% and a very long operational stability of 81.3 min, among the best performing blue quasi‐2D PeLEDs, are achieved. Consequently, this work contributes an effective approach for high‐performance and stable blue PeLEDs toward practical applications.
Stiff or Extensible in Seconds: Light‐Induced Corrugations in Thin Polymer Sheets
Authors: Hubbard Amber M. , Patel Jay Kalpesh , Wagner Sigurd , Chang Chih‐Hao , Genzer Jan , Dickey Michael D.
Published: November 2020

Corrugations can dramatically change the effective mechanical properties of a thin sheet. Such alternating ridges and grooves are typically fabricated by mechanical processing. Herein, the ability to trigger and tune corrugations within thin (≈300 µm thick) thermoplastic sheets rapidly (≈seconds) using only light is reported. Patterns of black ink on the otherwise transparent, flimsy sheet preferentially adsorb external IR light, inducing localized heating of the underlying polymer. This heating causes localized shrinkage of the polymer, producing folds in the sheets; collectively, these folds result in corrugations of controlled geometry. Depending on orientation, these corrugations dramatically increase stiffness or extensibility, similar to corrugated roofs (stiff) or accordions (extensible). In the direction parallel to the folds, the maximum load‐carrying capacity increases by two orders of magnitude relative to the non‐corrugated sheet; perpendicular to the folds, the effective modulus decreases by four orders of magnitude. In addition to tuning effective mechanical properties, the ability to corrugate flat surfaces using light has implications for assembling 3D objects from substrates printed in 2D (such as lithographically patterned electronics) or 3D structures shipped in a flat state. Herein, the process of forming such structures is discussed and their properties are characterized.
All‐Dielectric Metamaterial Fabrication Techniques
Authors: Bi Ke , Wang Qingmin , Xu Jianchun , Chen Lihao , Lan Chuwen , Lei Ming
Published: November 2020

All‐dielectric metamaterials with low loss are a rapidly developing research hotspot in the field of metamaterials, and offer additional design freedom for electromagnetic devices. Many types of fabrication techniques are used to prepare all‐dielectric metamaterials, so as to realize specific physical properties. A key to efficient electromagnetic manipulation is the proper choice of the fabrication technique, which enables the all‐dielectric metamaterials to be easily coupled to integrated devices. Here, an overview of existing fabrication techniques for all‐dielectric metamaterials is provided. Based on material compositions and accuracy requirements, typical fabrication methods for microwave, terahertz, and optical all‐dielectric metamaterials are discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are outlined. This comparative analysis of all‐dielectric metamaterial fabrication techniques will be valuable for the design of novel all‐dielectric metamaterials with desired physical properties, thereby expanding the scope of their applications.
Diastereoselective Spirocyclization via Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Bond Functionalization Triggered by Sequential [1,5]‐Hydride Shift/Cyclization Process: Approach to Spiro‐tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Bhowmik Arup , Das Sumit , Sarkar Writhabrata , Saidalavi K. M. , Mishra Aniket , Roy Anupama , Deb Indubhusan
Published: November 2020

A direct synthesis of spiro[5.5]and [5.4]‐tetrahydroquinolines has been developed through C(sp3)−H bond functionalization triggered by sequential [1,5]‐ hydride shift /cyclization sequence using ortho amino benzaldehydes and active methylene compounds such as 2‐coumaranone, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, 3‐coumaranone, and 3‐isochromanone. This protocol provides a Lewis acid catalyst‐free straight forward one‐pot reaction in cases of 2‐coumaranone and 4‐hydroxycoumarin, Lewis acid‐catalyzed stepwise reaction for 3‐coumaranone and 3‐isochromanone to access a wide range of spiro‐heterocycles in excellent to good yields and diastereoselectivity.

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Probing Dopant Redistribution, Phase Propagation, and Local Chemical Changes in the Synthesis of Layered Oxide Battery Cathodes
Authors: Yang Zhijie , Mu Linqin , Hou Dong , Rahman Muhammad Mominur , Xu Zhengrui , Liu Jue , Nordlund Dennis , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Feng
Published: November 2020

Achieving the targeted control of layered oxide properties calls for more fundamental studies to mechanistically probe their evolution during their synthesis. Herein, dopant distribution, phase propagation, and local chemical changes as well as their interplay in multielement‐doped LiNiO2 materials are investigated using spectroscopic, imaging, and scattering techniques. It is shown that dopants undergo dynamic redistribution in the Ni(OH)2 host lattice at the early stage of calcination (below 300 °C). Such redistribution behavior exhibits strong dopant‐dependent characteristics, allowing for targeted surface and bulk doping control. The Ni oxidation process exhibits depth‐dependent characteristics and the most rapid Ni oxidation takes place between 300 and 700 °C. Using Ni oxidation state as the proxy for the phase transformation, the buildup of heterogenous phase propagation in the early stage of calcination is shown, especially along the radial direction of secondary particles. The radial heterogenous phase distribution gradually decreases upon completing the calcination. However, a high degree of mosaic‐like heterogeneity may still be present in the final product, departing from the perfect layered oxide. The present study offers fundamental insights into manipulating multiscale materials properties during calcination for obtaining stable, high‐energy layered oxide cathodes.
Impact of Local Separation on the Structural and Electrochemical Behaviors in Li2MoO3LiCrO2 Disordered Rock‐Salt Cathode Material
Authors: Lee Hayeon , Choi Woosung , Lee Wontae , Shim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Min , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: November 2020

Li‐excess disordered rock‐salt oxides have emerged as a promising group of cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries. However, the real cation distribution and short‐range order of various disordered oxides have not been fully determined, making it difficult to understand their actual structures and reaction processes. Here, Li1.233Mo0.467Cr0.3O2 (LMCO), as a cathode material that undergoes a unique in situ cation‐disorder is investigated. Through synchrotron‐ and lab‐based multiscale characterizations, it is observed that the as‐prepared material has separate domains resembling Li2MoO3 and LiCrO2 even in a single‐phase bulk crystal structure. The Mo/Li‐rich and Cr/Li‐poor domains are maintained even after significant cation‐disorder. The formation and dissociation of short MoMo bonds along with a unique MoO6 distortion in Mo/Li‐rich domain of disordered LMCO leads to minimal lattice parameter changes during Mo redox reactions. This phenomenon is intensified when the structure becomes more disordered owing to the dissipation of anisotropy. In disordered LMCO, the Mo4+/6+ redox is highly reversible, while Cr3+/4+ redox is not. Finally, based on the local separation that induces different 0‐TM diffusion abilities according to the different domains in disordered LMCO, the mechanisms of the domain‐dependent kinetics, asymmetric Li+ diffusion, and linked hysteresis/degradation processes are explained.
Biaxial Stretchability in High‐Performance, All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor with a Double‐Layer Anode and a Faradic Cathode Based on Graphitic‐2200 Knitted Carbon Fiber
Authors: Dahal Bipeen , Chhetri Kisan , Muthurasu Alagan , Mukhiya Tanka , Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Gautam Jagadis , Lee Jun Youb , Chung Dong Chul , Kim Hak Yong
Published: November 2020

Large reversible biaxial (xy) stretching in energy storage devices is now an urgent requirement for the field of stretchable electronics to enable reliability in practical applications. Here, a fascinating stretching machine is designed and used for xy‐stretching of a high‐performance supercapacitor device without performance degradation. A trimetallic metal organic framework (MOF)‐derived ternary metal oxide on graphitic‐2200 knitted carbon fiber (MOF‐ZNCO@g‐KCF), activated carbon loaded onto drilled knitted carbon fiber (AC@g‐KCF‐d), and a poly‐vinyl alcohol, poly‐ethylene oxide, and potassium hydroxide (PVA/PEO/KOH) based hydrogel polymer film are used as a faradic cathode, a double layer anode, and an electrolyte, respectively, to integrate the biaxially stretchable asymmetric supercapacitor (BSASC) device. The fabricated MOF‐ZNCO@g‐KCF//AC@g‐KCF‐d BSASC maintains an outstanding performance consistency at different xy‐stretched conditions, even after repeated deformations. Notably, after 10 000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles, the BSASC in the xy‐biaxial stretched condition is retained at 93.7%, and after 100 successive stretch–relax cycles for the same stretching dimension it still retains a 92.48% capacity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and electrochemical stability. The exceptional performance consistency in the xy‐stretched position, demonstrates that the BSASC is one of the best performers among the stretchable supercapacitors reported to date.
Silent New Brain MRI Lesions in Children with MOG‐Antibody Associated Disease
Authors: Fadda Giulia , Banwell Brenda , Waters Patrick , Marrie Ruth A. , Yeh E. Ann , O'Mahony Julia , Arnold Douglas A. , Bar‐Or Amit ,   the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network
Published: November 2020

Anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG‐IgG) antibodies are associated clinically with either a monophasic or relapsing disease course. We investigated the frequency and clinical importance of acquired asymptomatic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in a prospective incident cohort of 74 MOG‐IgG positive children with serial MRI scans over a median of 5 years from presentation. Silent new lesions were detected in 14% of MOG‐IgG positive participants, most commonly within the first months post‐onset, with a positive predictive value for clinically relapsing disease of only 20%. Detection of asymptomatic lesions alone need not prompt initiation of chronic immunotherapy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:408–413