bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expectativas de la planeación financiera para el retiro de padres de familia
Authors: Atlatenco Ibarra Quetzalli , De la Garza Carranza María Teresa
Published: May 2021

La transición demográfica por la que está atravesando México le impondrá a esta nación grandes desafíos, ya que se proyecta que el número de adultos mayores aumentará significativamente en las próximas décadas. La seguridad económica de ese grupo etario es uno de esos desafíos que podría ser enfrentado a través de la planeación financiera que las personas hayan realizado en momentos oportunos a lo largo de su vida.
Método: Esta investigación es cuantitativa, transversal y correlacional. Mediante cuatro modelos de regresión lineal múltiple se analizó la relación entre las expectativas de la planeación financiera para el retiro, el conocimiento financiero autopercibido para la etapa de retiro, claridad de las metas financieras en la etapa de retiro, la perspectiva del futuro y la influencia de los padres.  Para ello se empleó el cuestionario diseñado por Koposko, Bojórquez, Pérez y Hershey el cual consta de cinco variables latentes medidas a través de 16 ítems con una escala Likert de siete puntos y que se validó anteriormente en el contexto en el que se realizó esta investigación. El cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra no probabilística de padres de familia de estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso de los departamentos de Ingeniería Industrial y Ciencias Económico-Administrativas del Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya.
Resultados: Las expectativas de la planeación financiera para el retiro dependen del conocimiento financiero autopercibido y este, a su vez, de la claridad de las metas financieras en la etapa de retiro. Por otro lado, la perspectiva del futuro determina la claridad de las metas financieras en la etapa de retiro. La influencia de los padres de los participantes de esta investigación, por su parte, impacta de forma positiva en la perspectiva del futuro.
Discusión: Algunos de los hallazgos de esta investigación coinciden con la literatura existente, sin embargo, es necesario profundizar en el estudio de este modelo en diferentes contextos y con otros grupos etarios de manera que sea posible contribuir en el fomento de la planeación financiera para el retiro, considerando la influencia que en ese aspecto ejercen los padres y madres de familia ya que de esa manera se podría impulsar la seguridad económica en la vejez.
Modelo de Minett-Wang para la competencia lingüística del maya yucateco y español en la Península de Yucatán
Authors: Aguilar Canto Fernando Javier , Avila-Vales Eric José
Published: May 2021

La lengua maya yucateca es una de las lenguas mayenses que actualmente se habla en los estados mexicanos de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán, así como en los distritos norteños de Belice tales como Corozal. Una vez que el área fue ocupada por los españoles, el español fue introducido en el siglo XVI coexistiendo con el maya yucateco durante toda la era colonial. Sin embargo, la proporción de mayahablantes ha decrecido durante los años recientes.
Método: En esta investigación, modelamos la competencia entre maya yucateco y español utilizando las ecuaciones diferenciales de Minett-Wang con tres enfoques principales de preprocesamiento de los datos: un enfoque directo, un enfoque generacional y un enfoque geográfico, ajustando los parámetros de los modelos mediante Descenso de Gradiente + Momentum con los datos históricos provistos por los censos y encuestas intercensales del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) de los estados de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán desde 1930 hasta 2015. Las proyecciones poblacionales de los estados se realizaron mediante el modelo logístico.
Resultados:  En casi todos los enfoques se observó que la lengua maya yucateca tiende a la desaparición. El uso combinado de los enfoques directo y geográfico muestran que el maya yucateco se extinguirá en 2285 (en Felipe Carrillo Puerto-Tulum), 2390 en Campeche (en Calkiní) y finalmente en 2524 en Yucatán (en los municipios del sur y este). Sin embargo, existen dos casos donde la coexistencia es posible: Mayapán y Tahdziú.
Discusión: El modelo de Minett-Wang describió adecuadamente un escenario incierto sobre competencia lingüística, dado que la lengua maya yucateca aún es numéricamente importante en la Península de Yucatán. Las zonas oriente-sur de Yucatán, centro de Quintana Roo y norte de Campeche tienen una mayor resistencia a la sustitución lingüística, pero las estimaciones paramétricas realizadas muestran que esta lengua tiende a un escenario de extinción en la mayoría de los municipios de México. Son necesarias las medidas pertinentes para minimizar este panorama en términos de políticas lingüísticas y realizar nuevas estimaciones con los resultados de los censos siguientes para actualizar los parámetros del modelo y monitorear el decaimiento del número de mayahablantes.
Satisfacción del visitante a partir de los atributos de pueblos mágicos del noroeste mexicano
Authors: Olmos Martínez Elizabeth , Almendarez-Hernández Marco Antonio , Ibáñez Pérez Reyna María
Published: May 2021

El objetivo es estimar los determinantes del nivel de satisfacción del visitante a partir de atributos en cuatro Pueblos Mágicos (PM) ubicados en la región noroeste de México, Todos Santos y Loreto de Baja California Sur (BCS), El Rosario y Cosalá de Sinaloa.
Método: Se adaptó el Modelo de Satisfacción del Turista (MST) de la Secretaría de Turismo de México (SECTUR) y se apoya en la estimación de un modelo Probit bivariado como el enfoque econométrico adecuado para modelar conjuntamente la satisfacción general y la satisfacción de cada atributo a partir de la aplicación de 384 encuestas.
Resultados: De acuerdo a la MST el índice de satisfacción de El Rosario es de 7.6, Cosalá de 8.5, Loreto de 8.5 y Todos Santos 8.4. Las variables independientes que conforman los bloques del perfil del turista, los motivos del viaje, experiencia de los servicios, percepción de los servicios y estadía y gasto fueron predictores significativos para los dos tipos de satisfacción.
Conclusiones: Los visitantes acuden a PM para pasar el tiempo con fines de esparcimiento, tranquilidad y conocimiento de los lugares por ser atractivos naturales y turísticos. Los sitios estudiados tienen diversas áreas de oportunidad en aspectos como la seguridad, transporte y servicios de recreación. Asimismo, no necesariamente los sitios con mayor afluencia son aquellos donde se evalúa mejor los atributos analizados.
Validación del Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire kids (CERQ-k) en niños mexicanos
Authors: Reyes Pérez Verónica , Cruz Torres Christian Enrique , Alcazár-Olán Raúl J.
Published: May 2021

La regulación emocional es un proceso esencial en la vida diaria de las personas, quienes utilizan diferentes estrategias, acciones encaminadas al logro de objetivos, o habilidades, capacidad para llevar a cabo con éxito determinada actividad, para modificar tanto el curso, como la intensidad, duración y expresión de las diferentes emociones. Es durante la infancia en donde se aprende cómo reaccionar ante un evento emocional, una regulación emocional deficiente en esta etapa de la vida se ha relacionado con problemas de ansiedad social, depresión, tristeza, miedo y enojo, así como un bajo rendimiento académico. Disponer de estrategias adecuadas puede apoyar  a niños y niñas a mantener la calma y reevaluar la situación problemática que están viviendo, pueden llegar a resignificar un evento para cambiar su efecto emocional; dicha habilidad les permitiría disminuir los efectos negativos e incrementar su bagaje de respuestas ante una problemática.
Método: Se utilizó un diseño  transversal, cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y con una muestra intencional. Se tuvieron 600 participantes con edad entre 9 y 11 años (M = 10.0; DE = 0.81), 49% eran niños y 51% niñas. Se utilizó el Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k) de Garnefski, Rieffe, Jellesma Terwogt y Kraaij (2007) y la Escala para Ansiedad para Niños de Spence (SCAS) validada para niños mexicanos por Hernández-Guzmán, Bermúdez-Ornelas, Spence, Gonzalez, Martínez-Guerrero, Aguilar y Gallegos (2003). Para analizar y verificar las dimensiones subyacentes al instrumento, los reactivos fueron sometidos primero a un análisis factorial exploratorio y posteriormente a uno confirmatorio.
Resultados: Del análisis factorial exploratorio se obtuvieron cinco factores: Autoculpa, Rumiación, Culpar a otros, Reenfocarse en los planes y Reevaluación positiva. Con una varianza total explicada de 49.97%, un alfa de Cronbach total de .82, conservando 19 de los 35 reactivos originales. Los índices Chi2 con valor p<.05, GFI > .95, CFI > .90, RMSEA < .08 y el índice RMR < .05 denotan un adecuado ajuste entre el modelo teórico y los datos analizados en este modelo. Los resultados encontrados en conjunto con los observados en las comparaciones de los indicadores Chi2 y CFI permiten concluir que la estructura del instrumento es equivalente para los niños y niñas de la muestra en el número de dimensiones, en los reactivos que componen cada dimensión, en las covarianzas entre las dimensiones y en los residuales de las variables observadas.
Discusión: La infancia es una etapa en que niñas y niños aprenden como se realiza la expresión de las emociones en su contexto cultural es por ello por lo que contar con instrumentos confiables son un gran soporte para proponer estrategas de intervención que los puedan apoyar en la consolidación de aquellas que los apoyan de manera eficiente y dejar de utilizar las que no los apoyan a resolver las situaciones complejas que se les presentan.
Competitiveness and innovation in the pulquera industry, an economic analysis
Authors: Rojas Rojas María Magdalena , Valencia Sandoval Karina , Ybarra Moncada Ma. Carmen , Brambila Paz José de Jesús
Published: May 2021

Maguey is closely related to the marginalized areas of Mexico and lacks innovation processes; it mainly produces in Oaxaca for Mezcal and the production of pulque in Hidalgo and Tlaxcala. The objective of this study was to financially assess the pulque industry through its differentiation, generating a mead production project for agave syrup with respect to a project that only produces pulque   considering the price volatility in states of Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca. The hypothesis is that uncertainty creates opportunities that add value and benefit the producer.
Method: Maguey pulquero prices and yields from 2005 to 2018 were obtained from SIAP. Production costs and investments were obtained from the Xamini S.P.R. of R. I. and were considered for the three states. The possibility of innovating pulque process from a traditional point of view through the Net Present Value (NPV) was analyzed; however, since it does not consider the price volatility, an evaluation was used using real options with binomial trees and Black-Scholes formulas with expansion scenarios to two hectares.
Results: Hidalgo had, on average, the best yields, and which positions him as the main producer of this drink; however, its trend was downward. Oaxaca was the entity with the highest critical value (1.771) because it presented greater price volatility; therefore, the risk in investment is higher. Through the traditional evaluation, the projects in the pulque industry of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala were accepted with values ​​greater than unity, not so for Oaxaca. With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more. The numbers turned positive for Oaxaca, but it did not recover the investment initially; a similar situation occurs when the option is given to expanding the innovation to two hectares.
With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more, for Oaxaca the
Discussion: For a differentiated product such as agave syrup, the risk increases, but also the possibilities of increasing your income and being competitive in the market, which happens when the product is associated with the current needs of the consumer. This applies to Hidalgo and Tlaxcala, however, for Oaxaca, the project to differentiate the pulque industry is not very viable, since its production is irrelevant compared to mezcal. This study confirmed the hypothesis, when the product is differentiated in its production process, benefits increase, despite the uncertainty.
valores humanos en el consumo del queso añejo de Zacazonapan
Authors: Torres-Salas Verenice , Hernández-Montes Arturo
Published: May 2021

Los consumidores establecen conexiones entre los atributos tangibles e intangibles del producto y la consecución de sus valores personales priorizados. Los valores humanos influyen en el consumo de alimentos por dos rutas: directa e indirecta. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron identificar la estructura y variación de los valores humanos en consumidores locales, e identificar en los consumidores la ruta de influencia de los valores humanos sobre el consumo del queso añejo de Zacazonapan.
Método: Una encuesta descriptiva se aplicó a consumidores mayores de 40 años (n = 203). Primero eligieron los 13 valores humanos más importantes y luego los 13 menos importantes, de una lista de 40. Posteriormente, los consumidores calificaron la importancia de 16 atributos tangibles del queso añejo de Zacazonapan, y finalmente manifestaron la frecuencia de consumo del queso. El análisis de escalamiento multidimensional se utilizó para identificar la estructura de los valores humanos en los consumidores. Los valores humanos y los atributos tangibles fueron reducidos en número, mediante análisis factorial utilizando el método de componentes principales. Mediante regresiones múltiples se obtuvieron tres coeficientes de correlación: a) factores de los atributos tangibles y el consumo (R1); b) factores de los valores humanos y residuales de atributos tangibles, y consumo (R2); c) factores de los valores humanos y consumo (R3).
Resultados: Los valores motivacionales más importantes fueron Benevolencia, Seguridad, Universalismo y Hedonismo. Además, los valores tales como la Conformidad y la Tradición, relacionados con la Conservación, no fueron priorizados. La influencia directa de los valores humanos sobre el consumo de queso añejo de Zacazonapan resultó de 0.05 (R2-R1 o cambio en R), mientras que la influencia indirecta produjo un valor de 0.257 (R3-Cambio en R). La estructura de valores humanos obtenida no presentó diferencia significativa entre sexos (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusión: La estructura de valores humanos se ajustó al modelo propuesto por Schwartz. Por otra parte, la influencia de los valores en el consumo del queso fluyó a través de los atributos tangibles, esto implica que los consumidores asociaron principalmente un significado utilitario e instrumental al queso, dando importancia a cada uno de los atributos tangibles del queso (aroma a queso maduro, firmeza y grasa) para decidir su consumo.
Identification of pig farm practices in the central Andean region of Colombia
Authors: Trujillo-Díaz Johanna , Díaz-Piraquive Flor Nancy , Herrera Milton M. , Gómez Acero Jorge
Published: May 2021

The Colombian Swine Industry (CSI) has high pork carcass imports from the US due to the Free Trade Agreements (FTA) signed. The CSI is aimed at supplying domestic demand because not all departments are free of swine fever. In fact, pig farmers are focused on controlling the feeding costs and biosafety, and increasing the birth rate. The problem of the CSI is the search to increase profitability and eliminate intermediaries to be able to reach the consumer directly. This study is descriptive, and aims to identify the state-of-the-art of worldwide practices compared to the central Andean region of Colombia (CARC). For this, a measurement instrument was designed to identify the CSI practices, and the results were used to identify the improvement points for the CARC region. This instrument was validated with ten experts in terms of content, and these were not considered in the sampling. The results were obtained through a probabilistic sampling for a finite population comprised of pig farms located in the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Tolima, and Huila. The identified population was 191 pig farmers located in the CARC, and the sample calculated to be surveyed, was 50 pig farmers; however, the response rate was higher, and the measurement instrument was applied to 53 pig farmers. As a result, pig farmers want to create new business lines, but there is no trust with competitors. Besides, there is a deficit in technology, infrastructure, public policies, and economic incentives.
Gestión de la calidad en tiempos de Covid-19: Nueva metodología de trabajo en Investigaciones Agropecuaria del Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, Cuba.
Authors: Menéndez I , Rodríguez A , Hernández A , Mena A , Estrada MP
Published: May 2021

Los Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad (SGC) se utilizan en las empresas biotecnológicas especialmente en las áreas de investigaciones para gestionar los proyectos. La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha provocado un impacto en la manera de aplicar los SGC. Este reporte resume los cambios en la gestión de los proyectos en el área de las Investigaciones Agropecuarias del CIGB. Se diseñó una nueva metodología de trabajo, encaminada a potenciar la introducción de los cultivos transgénicos en la producción de alimentos, en tiempos de Covid. Como resultado principal, la reorganización en el trabajo bajo las normas de los SGC, permitió que los proyectos de mayor relevancia económica para el país cumplimentaran los objetivos estratégicos propuestos.
Soluble production of a full-length human papillomavirus type 16 L1 protein by Escherichia coli
Authors: Serrano Yunier , Brito Susana Miraidys , Pimienta Elsa , Falero Alina , Marrero Karen
Published: May 2021

Persistent infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes the development of cervical cancer. Escherichia coli is a cost-effective host successfully used to develop a second-generation vaccine against HPV, based on the purification of soluble truncated L1 protein variants. Previous attempts to produce soluble full-length HPV16-L1 protein by E. coli have failed. This study was aimed at cloning a Cuban HPV16-L1 gene in E. coli and assessing its expression as a soluble full-length L1 protein by manipulating culture conditions. The L1 gene was amplified from a Cuban patient’s cervical sample and cloned into pET28a and pBAD/Myc-HisA vectors. Production and solubility of L1 protein were evaluated in E. coli TOP10 harboring pBADHPV16-L1 plasmid and E. coli BL21-(DE3), Rosetta-(DE3)/pLysS, and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY strains harboring pETHPV16-L1 plasmid, grown under arabinose (0.2%)- or isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG, 100 µM)-induction or Super Broth-based auto-induction for 24 and 48 h. The recombinant plasmids pETHPV16-L1 and pBADHPV16-L1 were constructed. The HPV16-L1 protein was produced insoluble to high levels in conventionally IPTG-induced E. coli-pETHPV16-L1 cells. However, under auto-induction, soluble full-length HPV16-L1 protein was successfully produced at similar levels by E. coli BL21 (DE3), Rosetta (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY cells, reaching up to 7.2 ± 0.5% and 14.3 ± 1.6% of the total proteins in the soluble fraction after growing for 24 and 48 h, respectively. It is concluded that the auto-induction procedure at 18 °C with 30 µM IPTG and 100 rev/min promotes soluble full-length HPV16-L1 protein production by E. coli.
Benthic polychaete off Tanintharyi Island, Myeik Archipelago
Authors: Ko Ko Zarni , Pwint Htwe Hnin
Published: May 2021

The survey examined shallow to deep-sea benthic data on benthic fauna from the Myanmar coastal region's northern sector. Benthic samples were collected from 17 stations (26-1500m depth) off Taninthayi Island during the Mayanmar ecosystem survey of the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen Research Vessel. Polychaete (25 taxa in total) had a higher proportion than other groups of benthic fauna. The range of species diversity and evenness were insignificantly different, but species richness differed. The highest species diversity, species evenness, and richness were showed in shallow areas (26 m depth).
Keywords: Diversity indices, Polychaetes, Taninthayi Island, Myeik Archipelago.
Injury patterns among road traffic accidents: a hospital-based study in Ecuador
Authors: Siteneski Aline , D. Jalca Cantos Leonardo , Calderón Delgado Emily P. , Yaguache Celi Ruth M. , Silva Saltos César A. , Zamora Angel , Mastarreno Mónica , Portalanza Diego
Published: May 2021

Traffic accidents are serious public health problems, account for profound economic costs to individuals, families, and societies. The social impacts range from physiological to economic causes, which could be a serious negative effect, especially in undeveloped countries. To further elucidate this problem, the prevalence of injuries caused by traffic accidents in a Santa Ana Health Centre, Portoviejo, Ecuador, was studied. This registry-based retrospective study analyzed data on Santa Ana, from Enero 2016 to Diciembre 2019, and the medical records of patients who had been admitted were extracted and analyzed. Passengers cars, motorcycles, and bicycles involved in collisions were included, and the information collected was relating to sex, age, and type of injuries. In total, 75%±6.34 patients victims of road traffic injuries were males, and their mean age was 20 and 49 years. There was a cooperative agreement between total injury occurrence (%) and type of vehicle. Bus and car accidents had lower relation (R2 = 0.44, 078) (p = 0.063, 0.005) with total occurrence. The highest relation was found in motorbikes (R2 = 0.98 p = 2e-05), since it's the primary or most popular means of transportation in the city. The best of our knowledge is the first study to reporting data on road traffic injuries in the Province of Manabí, the third-largest province in extension in Ecuador. Additional studies with larger populations are thus necessary to construct a robust data system in undeveloped countries that can facilitate the flow of reliable information about road traffic injuries.
Biocompatible thermo-responsive N-vinylcaprolactam based hydrogels for controlled drug delivery systems
Authors: Romero J. Fernanda , Díaz-Barrios Antonio , González Gema
Published: May 2021

The treatment of several diseases requires drugs commonly administered orally or intravenously. Said administration has several drawbacks, such as low control of the necessary drug levels in plasma, making the treatment ineffective and, furthermore, side effects and low compatibility with the patient. Recently, the use of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in controlled Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) has been considered an excellent alternative because of its inherent biocompatibility, responsiveness to physiological changes in the body, and diversity of both natural and synthetic material options.
The present work focuses mainly on the synthesis, characterization, and drug release capacity of poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL) and poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) microgels crosslinked with various concentrations of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), which show temperature stimuli-responsiveness near the physiological temperature of the human body. For that reason, changes in the average hydrodynamic particle diameter at different temperatures are estimated and correlated with the drug release rate. The model drug chosen for releasing studies is colchicine, a potential drug for gout disease treatment, currently in disuse because of its low therapeutic index. It is expected that the use of the control release procedure by drug encapsulation in this polymer overcomes this drawback. The synthesis of PVCL homopolymer and three VCL-co-PEGDA hydrogels varying the PEGDA crosslinker concentration was successfully carried out by emulsion polymerization. Their characterization was performed by DLS and FTIR spectroscopy. Polymerization yields were estimated by total solids analysis, and UV-VIS determined the cloud points. Finally, the drug loading and release over time were monitored by HPLC and UV-VIS spectroscopy showing that drug release profiles obtained corresponded to a sustained drug delivery system.
Evaluating Epidemiological Risk by Using Open Contact Tracing Data: Correlational Study
Authors: Piotto Stefano , Di Biasi Luigi , Marrafino Francesco , Concilio Simona
Published: May 2021

Background

During the 2020s, there has been extensive debate about the possibility of using contact tracing (CT) to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and concerns have been raised about data security and privacy. Little has been said about the effectiveness of CT. In this paper, we present a real data analysis of a CT experiment that was conducted in Italy for 8 months and involved more than 100,000 CT app users.

Objective

We aimed to discuss the technical and health aspects of using a centralized approach. We also aimed to show the correlation between the acquired contact data and the number of SARS-CoV-2–positive cases. Finally, we aimed to analyze CT data to define population behaviors and show the potential applications of real CT data.

Methods

We collected, analyzed, and evaluated CT data on the duration, persistence, and frequency of contacts over several months of observation. A statistical test was conducted to determine whether there was a correlation between indices of behavior that were calculated from the data and the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population (new SARS-CoV-2–positive cases).

Results

We found evidence of a correlation between a weighted measure of contacts and the number of new SARS-CoV-2–positive cases (Pearson coefficient=0.86), thereby paving the road to better and more accurate data analyses and spread predictions.

Conclusions

Our data have been used to determine the most relevant epidemiological parameters and can be used to develop an agent-based system for simulating the effects of restrictions and vaccinations. Further, we demonstrated our system's ability to identify the physical locations where the probability of infection is the highest. All the data we collected are available to the scientific community for further analysis.
Histopathology analysis of thyroid cancer tumor size in Sulaymaniyah -Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Shakor Fadhluddin Nasruddin , Abdalqader Mustafa Hama Amin , Saeed Ary Hama
Published: May 2021

Objective: Thyroid cancer is not uncommon disease and its histology is varied. The current study investigates the correlation between thyroid cancer and tumor size.

Methods: Reports of one hundred patients with thyroid carcinoma biopsy submitted to histopathological review from July 2018 to December 2019 in Sulaymaniyah city of Iraq, were studied. Only malignant thyroid glands included in the study. Gender, age, tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroid extension, nodal metastasis, perineural and capsular invasion were studied. The tumor size relation to other parameters analysis were performed by using SPSS program.

Result: The sample were predominantly female 83%. The tumor affects one lobe in 67% with 1.4 times more in right lobe than left lobe but bilaterality were 12%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for 94%. Two-third 66% of the glands surface was nodular. Only10% were totally encapsulated. Multifocal tumor found in 28% of the cases. The lymphovascular invasion identified in 30%,  perineural invasion 25% & Lymphocytic thyroiditis in 42%. Lymph node involvement detected in 17%. Regarding the tumor size (T), 79% of the patients were T1. The Tumor size had significant relation to: margin involvement, lymphovascular invasion and ymphnode involvement (N1) as found more in T1 & T2.

Conclusion:  PTC was the commonest pathology with female predominance. Two-third affects only one lobe with more in right lobe. Smaller size tumor may have more lymphnode or margin involvement. Size of the tumor were significantly related with encapsulation and lymphovascular invasion.
Early clinical outcome for transverse patellar fracture treated by tension band with 2 k-wires or 2 cannulated screws
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Alsudany Fareed
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The goals of surgical treatment are to reestablish continuity of the extensor mechanism and to restore a smooth articular surface using stable internal fixation to permit early knee motion.

Methods: a comparative prospective study was done in Baghdad during the period from January 2016 till November 2019, we evaluated 50 patients with closed displaced (more than 3 mm) transverse patellar fracture, but only 44 patients complete the follow up divided into two groups (group 1) 22 patients was operatively treated by k-wires with tension band and (group 2) 22 patients was operatively treated by 2 cannulated screws with tension band. Both groups were evaluated for first 6 months after operation We evaluated the patients radiological, clinically and functionally every 2 months period by using the modified hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score based on 4 standards clinical outcomes in which pain  assessed by visual analog scale (vas), range of motion by goniometry, displacement on x ray, and quadriceps strength.

Results: in group1 male were (16 patients) 72% and female were (6 patients) 28%.in group2 male were(14patients) 64% and female were (8patients) 36% with a mean age of 32 year (20-55)year  in group1 and 34year(26-57)year in group 2.The VAS scores showed that the group2 had lower pain scores and better

 range of motion (ROM) compared to group1. quadriceps strenghth more than 75% in group 2 and no fracture displacement as compared with group 1excellent and good results were (63%) in group1and (81%) in group 2.Poor and fair results were (36%) in group1 and (18%) in group2.

Conclusion: fixation of patellar fracture(closed, transverse, in adult) by 2 cannulated screws and tension band is superior to tension band with 2 k-wires with less complications.
Three decades History of Tuberculosis Control in Kerbala/Iraq
Authors: Al Mousawi Ali
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess tuberculosis control between 1988 and 2017 and evaluate the outcomes of treatment among the October patients put on DOTS in Karbala governorate since the initiation of DOTS strategy in 2000.

Material and methods: Data on tuberculosis incidence between 1988 and 2017 were assessed. In addition, all quarterly reports were collected in addition to the annual reports to estimate the outcome indices of DOTS in the governorate. Evaluation indices included the incidence and death rates; case detection rate for smear positive and total tuberculosis patients; cure rate; treatment success rate; default rates; treatment failure rates; drug resistance rates; contact tracing during the study period between 2005 and 2014. These indices were compared to the available national indices in the whole country. The indices of treatment success and failure rates were compared to the available previous reported rates in the governorate and in Iraq. Analysis used SPSS-20 and Excel data sheet.

Discussion with experts working for decades in TB control programs revealed some defect in determining these indices.

Results: Between 1988 and 2017 there was a total of 8665 TB patients, while between 2005 and 2017 the total was 4055: 2592 pulmonary TB patients (62%) and 1541 extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patients (38%). Gender distribution showed male predilection (60.3%) and a mean age of patients was 41.88Â±19.74 year and one half of the patients were above 44 year of age, but the most frequent age group was 25-34 year.

Positive smear Case Detection rates were below the WHO planned goals ranging from 11.5% and 29.1%. The total reported deaths during the study period were 78 deaths. Defaulters were 97 patients at a rate of 2.39, while treatment failure cases amounted to 33 patients (a rate of 0.81%). Drug sensitivity test was introduced to country in 2010 and was done only in Baghdad till the introduction of Genexpert MTB/RIF test in January 2014 and a total of 72 patients were MDR cases. Case detection rate among contacts was 0.31%.

Conclusions: The success in DOTS in Karbala is similar to the results in the whole country and in most developing countries and approaching the WHO set goals, while the case detection rates were behind. However, some defect areas need further support to prevent failure and aid continuous tuberculosis control and stop TB.
Overview on common fungal infections, recovered in Baghdad teaching hospitals in five years
Authors: Ali Al-Wattar Wifaq M.
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the burden of invasive fungal infections , recovered in a group of patients who were non responsive to antibiotic therapy and have been referred from some Iraqi hospitals in five years interval in a clinical and microbiological scope.

Methods: 

 Samples were collected during from the 25th of May 2012 to 5th of November 2017 enrolled 1444 Iraqi adult patients who referred by hematology-oncology unit, medical wards, bone marrow transplant unit and respiratory care unit with some other cases received from other hospitals in the capital Baghdad. samples from any infected sites were sent to the central medical mycology lab to identify the causative fungi using wet mount, direct examination, culture and sensitivity tests, biochemical and some serological examinations as galactomannan testing for invasive aspergillosis and PCR test to detect some pathological properties of a group of Aspergillus species.

 

Results

Although (26,6%) 387 samples revealed no fungal isolates most of them were of blood culture. The commonest fungus noticed in all samples was Cryptococcus neoformans in the first place 646 samples (38.63%),  the next was Candida albicans and non albicans in 594 samples (35.52%).Aspergillus species in 252 samples (15.07%) ,Penicillium 27 samples (1.61%) ,Gieotrichum candidum15 samples (0.89),Zygomycetes and Rhizopus 20 (1.18% ),Trichosporon and Rhodotorula  glutinis yeasts 14 )0.83%(, Sporothrixes schenkii  5(0.29%),2(0.11%) two cases of systemic mycosis one Histoplasma capsulatum and the other is Coccidiomycosis immitus .

Conclusions: The incidence of fungal infection is greatly increased in Iraq in relation to global and local risk factors with tendency for multiple fungal isolates in one patient. represents a major health problem in a wide variety of disease conditions ranging from hematology oncology to uncontrolled diabetic cases. with high case of fatality among hematological malignancies with neutropenia.
Impact of the “First Wave” of the Pandemic on Social Rights in the Countries of the European Union
Authors: Bistrina Mariya G. , Thomov Thomas
Published: May 2021

While news of successful vaccine trials is encouraging, the prospect of long-term restrictions underscores the magnitude of a number of problems and challenges faced by all EU member states during the first wave of coronavirus infection. European leaders have come together in a series of measures and policies to support the European economy and society at the time of the declaration of the emergency. This situation underlines the particular importance of respecting the social rights of citizens. Social rights offer protection in many of the areas that most define our daily lives, including legally binding standards in education, employment and health care. This gives EU citizens the right to education, fair working conditions and access to preventive health care. The article traces the practice of how European countries apply the lessons learned from the first wave in order to minimize the negative impact on human rights. Several European governments have decided to expand income support schemes. To date, the authorities have expanded access to testing for COVID-19 in nursing homes, migration camps and other institutions. The authors highlight how the pandemic has affected fundamental rights, especially the social rights of society as a whole. The article describes some of the measures that EU member states have taken to protect the most vulnerable segment of society as Europe faces the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic.
Indonesian Government Bureaucracy Efforts to Prevent Covid-19 at the Beginning of the Pandemic Period
Authors: Zahrotunnimah Zahrotunnimah
Published: May 2021

Since the World Health Organization declared the Corona Covid-19 virus as an epidemic, in the following, the Indonesian Government also stated that the Corona virus problem has become a non-natural national disaster. The President of the Republic of Indonesia and the Regional government together with their staff are helping one another in preventing the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Many government bureaucratic efforts have been made by issuing policies as the initial steps to prevent the spread of Covid-19. As the implementer of the bureaucracy, the Government always strives to provide effective public services in efforts to prevent the spread of the Corona Covid-19 virus in society. From the central level to the heads of the provinces, Regencies and even the municipal governments. This study applies the content analysis method, in which the content analysis is limited to newspaper media which convey information related to some policies information presented by each head of government, both in several regions and countries. The purpose of this research is to provide education to the public in dealing with global disasters and efforts to prevent them. The results show that the bureaucratic efforts of the central government and local governments through various policies have carried out many communication strategies for their respective regional communities through coercion, informative, expulsion, targeting, persuasion and excess techniques in message packages in the form of instructions, to the public to prevent Covid-19 in their area. However, the techniques of coercion up to the approval stage are enforced to prevent the effect of violations on offenders. The central government in this case has not maximized its roles in implementing a comprehensive communication strategy for all local governments. This is due to the absence of the National Command from the central government which seems to be slow in preventing the transmission of Covid-19, which has become a global disaster, including in Indonesia.
How to Lead in Federal Government
Authors: Alberstadt Rachel , Scott Jesse , Warwick David , Williams Elizabeth , Kennedy Thomas
Published: May 2021

In todays workplace, especially in the midst of todays challenging times, we must understand the values of resilience, communication, decision-making, team-building, and diversity. These core competencies contribute to the success of being a diligent leader within government agencies. These competencies make the difference between opportunity and performance, and promote a positive work environment. Government agencies must make sure they are creating inclusive, diverse, and equitable workplaces.
The Presidential Grants Fund as an Instrument of the Policy of Remembrance for the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Belov Sergey I.
Published: May 2021

The presented research is devoted to the study of the role of the Presidential Grants Fund in the implementation of the memorial policy in relation to the events of the Great Patriotic War. The methodological base of the study is formed through a combination of comparative and structural analysis. The author concludes that the activity of the Presidential Grants Fund on the field of memorial policy is built outside the context of a clear strategy for implementing the policy of memory. Currently, the Fund allocates funds primarily to support local and regional initiatives that are not linked to each other in a single system. There is a clear imbalance in the territorial distribution of grants in terms of their number and size in favor of projects of participants from Moscow and St. Petersburg. Part of the grants is allocated for the solution of tasks assigned by law to the sphere of responsibility of local self-government bodies (for example, this concerns projects for the improvement of military graves).
Peculiarities of the Contemporary State Youth Policies in Russia and the United States: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Butorov Alexey S. , Adlov Roman A.
Published: May 2021

This article examines the main causes and processes for the development of US public youth policy due to legal regulation of governmental and public institutions. The research identifies the main legal terms used by American and Russian legislators and the systems of youth policy, analyze the mechanisms of functioning of state and public institutions for working with youth. In addition, the study provides examples of the implementation of youth policy in the United States and the Russian Federation at the federal, regional and municipal (local) levels.
Work Value, Knowledge Sharing, and Creative Performance among Construction Employees in Jakarta
Authors: Baskoro Bimmo Dwi
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to indicate the effect of work values of construction employees towards creative performance and to assess the role of mediation about sharing the knowledge among those variables. This research involved 315 respondents from various construction companies in Jakarta for assessing hypothesis research. Knowledge sharing had the role as mediator among comfort and status dimensions from work values towards creative performance. This research provided information about effect of work values towards creative performance from construction industry and confirmed the role of knowledge sharing in mediating work values dimension.
Hypercube embeddings and Cayley graphs generated by transpositions
Authors: Xie Yan-Ting , Feng Yong-De , Xu Shoujun
Published: May 2021

A graph is called a partial cube if it can be embedded into a hypercube
isometrically. In this paper, we study a class of Cayley graphs
—Cayley graphs generated by transpositions and show that a Cayley
graph Γ generated by transpositions is a partial cube if and only if Γ
is a bubble sort graph. This result enhances a result of Alahmadi et al.
[Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 39 (2016), 4856–4865]: BS
is a partial cube. As a corrollary, we give the analytical expressions
of the Wiener indices of bubble sort graphs.
Business case for One-stop Transnasal Oesophagoscope Service Adoption
Authors: Tantichirasakul Narun , Grewal Ravneet , Watson Natalie , Miller Benjamin , Karagama Yakubu
Published: May 2021

Keypoints: • Implementing a one-stop Transnasal oesophagoscopy (TNO)
service will benefit patients, clinicians as well as the NHS Trusts. •
TNO is safe, well-tolerated and improves diagnostic and therapeutic
precision in the upper aerodigestive tract and oesophagus. • The
one-stop TNO service has clear financial benefits. • The one-stop TNO
service is a streamlined pathway which improves patient care and
experience. • Both the clinical and financial risk of introducing the
service is low.
Primary herpetic oropharyngitis in adults: Differences in clinical features between Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. A retrospective study.
Authors: Nakagawa Hideki , Kusuyama Toshiyuki , Miyamoto Makoto , Saito Koichiro , Ikeda Shunya
Published: May 2021

Key points 1. This is the first report of adult primary herpetic
oropharyngitis in the view point of the differences between the two
types of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 2. 41 (25 type 1 and 16 type 2) HSV
specific antigen positive cases among 68 immunoserologically confirmed
adult HSV primary infection cases were investigated. 3. Significantly
low incidence of oral lesions and high incidence of nausea were seen in
HSV type 2 oropharyngitis cases, that might mean particular correlation
vagus nerve and HSV type 2. 4. Significantly increased white blood cell
count and high C-reacative protein value were seen in oropharyngitis by
HSV type 2. 5. HSV type 2 possibly cause more severe symptoms and higher
inflammatory reactions than type 1, without oral lesions.
Creep damage behavior of red sandstone after high temperature
Authors: Pan Xiaokang , Berto Filippo , Zhou Xiaoping
Published: May 2021

This work discusses the results from tests conducted to investigate the
uniaxial compression and creep behavior of red sandstone. The original
untreated sample and the 800 ℃ treated sample have been selected to
carry out the experiments. It has been found that high temperature has
obvious influence on the mechanical properties of red sandstone. The
relationship between creep strain and instantaneous strain, as well as
instantaneous deformation modulus and creep viscosity coefficient have
been analyzed. It has been found that high temperature reduces the
ability of red sandstone to resist instantaneous deformation and creep
deformation. Acoustic emission (AE) technology has been also used in the
loading process of uniaxial compression and creep tests, providing a
powerful means for damage evolution analysis of red sandstone.
Titration of Inspired Oxygen in Preterm Infants with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Pulse Oximetry: A New Approach
Authors: Elsayed Yasser , Dakshinamurti Shyamala
Published: May 2021

Background: Titration of inspired oxygen is a challenge in preterm
infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). Monitoring of brain
oxygen by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to minimize
the burden of hyperoxia and hypoxemia, with better understanding of
cerebral autoregulation (CAR). integrating NIRS and pulse oximetry
(SpO2) for titrating inspired oxygen is a novel approach. Methods: We
aimed to study the impact of integrated monitoring of oxygen saturation
by SpO2 and cerebral regional tissue oxygen (crRTO) by NIRS during
oxygen reduction test (ORT) on reducing oxygen requirement in preterm
infants with HRF. The correlation between SpO2 with crRTO, and
fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) was assessed, concordance levels
(r>0.5) were determined during the assessment period, and
was considered as a sign of impaired autoregulation. The primary outcome
was the achievement of significantly lower FiO2 at 72 hours after start
of the integrated monitoring. Results: Total of 38 preterm infants were
included, 27 had normal cerebral autoregulation (CAR), (group 1) in whom
SpO2 was poorly correlating with cerebral regional tissue oxygen (crRTO)
with (r<0.5) and had significantly greater percentage of
reduction below baseline in FiO2 (Mean:34%). Eleven infants had
impaired CAR (group 2) with SpO2 significantly correlating with crRTO
(r>0.5) and had a linear trend of FOE inverse to SpO2 and
crRTO; this was considered as an arterial saturation dependent oxygen
delivery (SadDO2). Conclusion: Integrated monitoring of preterm infants
by SpO2 and crRTO was associated with easier weaning of oxygen with less
burden of both hyperoxia and hypoxemia.