bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience as an object of study of occupational health: narrative review / Resiliência como objeto de estudo da saúde do trabalhador: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Cruz Élissa Jôse Erhadt Rollemberg , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Amorim Luanna Klaren de Azevedo , Pires Ariane da Silva , Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Cunha Lidiane Passos
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o uso do conceito de resiliência nos objetos de estudo da linha de pesquisa sobre Saúde do Trabalhador. Método: Revisão narrativa, desenvolvida nas bases eletrônicas de dados. Palavras de busca: resiliência e saúde do trabalhador. Não houve recorte temporal, mas optou-se por fazer restrição quanto ao idioma: somente produções em português e espanhol. Resultados: Captaram-se oito artigos, dentre os selecionados quatro possuíam textos completos, um estava em inglês e três encontravam-se em português, dos quais apenas dois relacionavam-se com o objeto de estudo. Conclusão: O estudo da resiliência é relativamente recente nas ciências humanas, sociais e da saúde, porém o conhecimento dos fatores relacionados à resiliência poderá fornecer subsídios aos trabalhadores para o entendimento dos determinantes e os fatores que podem fortalecer suas próprias resiliências. Descritores: Enfermagem, Saúde do trabalhador, Resiliência psicológica.
Understanding of care through the eyes of puerperal women / Compreensões de cuidado na visão de mulheres puérperas
Authors: Diniz Ebling Sandra Beatris , Carvalho Ayres Rossano , Santos da Silva Mara Regina , Machado Pieszak Greice , Moreira da Silva Marciele , Luiz Ramos Soares Andiara
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: conhecer como se dá o cuidado de enfermagem na visão de mulheres puérperas de uma maternidade, durante a permanência no Alojamento Conjunto. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa com 14 mulheres que se encontravam internadas em Alojamento Conjunto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada no período de maio a junho de 2014. A análise dos dados foi a partir da Análise Temática segundo referencial teórico de Minayo. Resultados: os dados conduziram-nos a categoria: “O cuidado de enfermagem enquanto atenção: avanços, entraves e desafios. Evidenciou-se um cuidado atencioso, no entanto com ênfase em procedimentos técnicos e centrado ao recém-nascido. Conclusão: os elementos emergidos das compreensões das mulheres puérperas sobre o cuidado de enfermagem recebido no alojamento conjunto apontam para um cuidado tecnicista, fragmentado e desprovido de uma assistência integral; embora atencioso, e de acordo com as necessidades de algumas das mulheres.
Factors associated with quality of life of people with chronic complex wounds / Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de pessoas com feridas complexas crônicas
Authors: Almeida Willian Alburquerque de , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Ivo Maria Lúcia , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Barcelos Larissa da Silva , Viera da Silva Adaiele Lúcia Nogueira
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com feridas complexas crônicas. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário contendo o instrumento WHOQOL-Bref da Organização Mundial de Saúde e questões sobre variáveis sociodemográficos e clínicas. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os métodos: Correlação Linear de Pearson; Análise de Variância e Tukey com confiabilidade de 95% e p<0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 53 pacientes com feridas complexas. Desses, 28 (52,83%) são do sexo feminino com média de idade de 62,17 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida a dor se correlacionou com o domínio físico (p=0,030) e psicológico (p=0,051); enquanto que a área se correlacionou com a idade (p=0,051) e a dor se correlacionou com o tempo de lesão (p=0,001). Conclusão: Conhecer as características clínicas e a qualidade de vida possibilita melhor compreensão das queixas e melhor planejamento assistencial contribuindo para melhoria da qualidade de vida.
Prevalence of behaviors and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive population in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Prevalência de comportamentos e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em população de hipertensos no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Filho Rosemberg dos Anjos , Maciel Ana Paula Ferreira , Pimenta Henderson Barbosa , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: January 2018

Objetivo:. Estimar a prevalência de comportamentos e fatores de risco cardiovascular em hipertensos assistidos pelas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais. Método:.Trata-se de estudo transversal, com amostra de hipertensos cadastrados em equipes da ESF. As prevalências de fatores e comportamentos de risco foram comparadas entre homens e mulheres por meio do teste qui-quadrado, assumindo-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05).Resultados:. Participaram do estudo 720 pessoas. Dentre as variáveis investigadas, destacam-se os seguintes comportamentos de risco: sedentarismo, o baixo consumo de frutas e o consumo de carnes vermelhas com gordura aparente. Alguns fatores de risco foram mais prevalentes entre os homens e proporções maiores de valores para hipertensão não controlada também foram registradas para os homens (57,6%). Conclusão:.Os resultados revelaram elevada prevalência de fatores e comportamentos de risco para doença cardiovascular para a população estudada, especialmente entre os homens.
Sociodemographic and clinical profile of elderly persons accompanied by Family Health teams under the gender perspective / Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de idosos acompanhados por equipes de Saúde da Família sob a perspectiva do gênero
Authors: Silva Patrícia Aparecida Barbosa , Santos Francielle Carolina , Soares Sônia Maria , Silva Líliam Barbosa
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de idosos diabéticos e/ou hipertensos acompanhados pelas equipes de Saúde da Família sob a perspectiva do gênero. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, transversal envolvendo 381 idosos cadastrados nas vinte Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Distrito Sanitário Noroeste de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Coleta de dados ocorreu em outubro de 2011 a março de 2012. Utilizado questionário estruturado com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado por Comitê de Ética, Parecer n° 0043.0.410.203-10 e 0043.0.410.203-10A. Resultados: o sexo feminino foi prevalente, indicando o fenômeno feminilização da velhice, sendo a maioria proveniente do interior de Minas Gerais, viúva, com baixa escolaridade e renda e, ainda, alta carga mórbida. Conclusão: É necessária ampliação de estudos e políticas de saúde pública que incorporem o conceito gênero, em prol da construção de uma sociedade menos gerofóbica e sexista.
Regulation of neuronal development and function by ROS
Authors: Oswald Matthew C. W. , Garnham Nathan , Sweeney Sean T. , Landgraf Matthias
Published: January 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been studied as destructive agents in the context of nervous system ageing, disease and degeneration. Their roles as signalling molecules under normal physiological conditions is less well understood. Recent studies have provided ample evidence of ROS‐regulating neuronal development and function, from the establishment of neuronal polarity to growth cone pathfinding; from the regulation of connectivity and synaptic transmission to the tuning of neuronal networks. Appreciation of the varied processes that are subject to regulation by ROS might help us understand how changes in ROS metabolism and buffering could progressively impact on neuronal networks with age and disease.
Impact of Climate Change on Siberian High and Wintertime Air Pollution in China in Past Two Decades
Authors: Zhao Shuyu , Feng Tian , Tie Xuexi , Long Xin , Li Guohui , Cao Junji , Zhou Weijian , An Zhisheng
Published: January 2018

China has suffered severe air pollutions during wintertime as national industrialization and urbanization have been increasingly developed in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that climate change has important impacts on extreme haze events in northern China. This study uses reanalysis datasets to analyze the trend and variability of Siberian High (SiH) intensity, and its relationship with the Arctic temperature and sea ice cover (SIC) in past two decades. The results show that Arctic is warming accompanied by a rapid decline of SIC, while Eurasia is cooling and SiH intensity is gradually enhancing. The statistics illustrates that the SiH has a significantly positive correlation to the temperature (R = 0.70), and a significant anticorrelation to the SIC (R = −0.69), and this is because the warming Arctic and the reducing SIC enhanced the SiH. The enhanced SiH leads to strengthened northerly winds in the North China Plain (NCP). The WRF‐Chem model calculation reveals the strengthened northerly winds during the stronger SiH period in January 2016 produce a significant decrease in PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) concentrations by 100–200 µg m−3 than that during the weaker one in January 2013. A sensitivity calculation figures out the reduction of PM2.5 concentrations due to a decrease of 50% in emissions is comparable to changes from the weak SiH condition to the strong SiH condition, suggesting that extreme climate variability in the past few years could have an equivalent impact as a consequence of a large emission reduction on wintertime air pollution in the NCP.
Catalog of Offshore Seismicity in Cascadia: Insights Into the Regional Distribution of Microseismicity and its Relation to Subduction Processes
Authors: Stone Ian , Vidale John E. , Han Shuoshuo , Roland Emily
Published: January 2018

We present a catalog of offshore seismicity generated from Cascadia Initiative (CI) ocean‐bottom seismometer data. Earthquakes were detected within the CI data using a short‐time‐average/long‐time‐average trigger and located using 1‐D velocity models developed from seismic reflection/refraction surveys. The catalog, which contains 271 earthquakes with magnitude 0.4–4.0 along the coasts of Vancouver Island, Washington, Oregon, and Northern California, spans all 4 years of the ocean bottom seismometer deployment and shows distinct along‐strike variations in seismicity consistent with structural observations from recent active source seismic reflection/refraction studies. Seismicity is sparse off Vancouver Island and Washington (49°N–46°N) but increases off northern and central Oregon, corresponding to a roughened, more deformed subducting slab. Widespread earthquakes are observed at near‐interface depths between 46°N and 45°N, though an increase in underthrust sediment thickness between 45°N and 43°N likely restricts seismicity to scattered asperities on the plate interface. South of 43°N, where both the overriding and subducting plates are severely deformed approaching the Mendocino triple junction, seismicity is abundant. We locate an additional 440 events in the Juan de Fuca plate seaward of the deformation front. The higher seismicity south of 46°N is consistent with more extensive intraplate deformation. Along with the complex stress field induced by the Mendocino triple junction, our observations imply that the smoothness and degree of hydration of the incoming plate, which are linked to the amount of underthrust sediment and extent of intraplate deformation, are major contributing factors to the distribution of microseismicity in the Cascadia subduction zone.
MicroRNA profiling during directed differentiation of cortical interneurons from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tu Jiajie , Cao Dandan , Li Lu , Cheung Hoi‐Hung , Chan Wai‐Yee
Published: January 2018

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful for modeling neuron development and related diseases. Cortical interneurons are essential players in neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism. miRNAs are a class of pivotal regulators in neural differentiation. Using a previously established model of cortical interneuron differentiation from human embryonic stem cells, we profiled miRNAs involved in differentiation from human iPSCs. A number of miRNAs were modulated in the differentiation process. This study captured the temporal in vitro neurogenesis from iPSCs to mature cortical interneurons. The specific miRNAs identified at each stage of differentiation are of potential use for drug discovery and prospective clinical applications.
Phase Inversion Strategy to Fabricate Porous Carbon for Li‐S Batteries via Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Choudhury Soumyadip , Fischer Dieter , Formanek Petr , Stamm Manfred , Ionov Leonid
Published: January 2018

In this paper, an easy, facile way of preparing porous carbon cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries with superior cycle stability is demonstrated. The highly porous cathode is fabricated by using self‐assembled nanostructured block copolymer as template. The block copolymer template is formed via phase inversion route followed by filling the empty spaces by oligomeric phenolic resin, thermopolymerization of the resin, and finally by carbonization. Semi‐gelled film of self‐assembled block copolymer is immersed in solution of nonsolvent mixture. After washing away of low molecular additive, a highly porous mat is generated. After successful filling with carbon precursor inside the template, crosslinking and carbonization under inert atmosphere result in a highly porous carbon material, which is further hybridized with sulfur via melt diffusion of elemental sulfur. This new fabrication route of template formation by phase inversion requires no solvent/thermal annealing step to generate nanostructure aided by block copolymer. The cathode material shows excellent cycle stability over 240 charging–discharging cycles, rate handling over 100 cycles.
Mussel‐Inspired Polymer‐Based Universal Spray Coating for Surface Modification: Fast Fabrication of Antibacterial and Superhydrophobic Surface Coatings
Authors: Schlaich Christoph , Li Mingjun , Cheng Chong , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Yu Leixiao , Song Geonho , Osorio Ernesto , Wei Qiang , Haag Rainer
Published: January 2018

Although mussel‐inspired surface chemistry is one of the most utilized strategies for surface functionalization, its practical and/or industrial applications are rather limited, because dip coating can only treat small surface areas and is dependent on the coating vessel. Herein a mussel‐inspired, polymer‐based, multifunctional, and substrate‐independent spray coating strategy for surface modification under extremely mild conditions using mussel‐inspired polyglycerol is described. The postfunctionalization of the obtained surface via spray coating with silver nanoparticles results in a nanoparticle embedded coating with excellent, long‐term antibacterial properties. Furthermore, a simple method for preparing a superhydrophobic, highly water‐repellent coating by coformulation of the mussel‐inspired spray coating with hydrophobic nanoparticles is presented.
Highly Efficient Ambient Temperature CO2 Photomethanation Catalyzed by Nanostructured RuO2 on Silicon Photonic Crystal Support
Authors: Ali Feysal M. , Ghuman Kulbir K. , O'Brien Paul G. , Hmadeh Mohamad , Sandhel Amit , Perovic Doug D. , Singh Chandra Veer , Mims Charles A. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: January 2018

Sunlight‐driven catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 is an important reaction that generates useful chemicals and fuels and if operated at industrial scales can decrease greenhouse gas CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In this work, the photomethanation of CO2 over highly dispersed nanostructured RuO2 catalysts on 3D silicon photonic crystal supports, achieving impressive conversion rates as high as 4.4 mmol gcat−1 h−1 at ambient temperatures under high‐intensity solar simulated irradiation, is reported. This performance is an order of magnitude greater than photomethanation rates achieved over control samples made of nanostructured RuO2 on silicon wafers. The high absorption and unique light‐harvesting properties of the silicon photonic crystal across the entire solar spectral wavelength range coupled with its large surface area are proposed to be responsible for the high methanation rates of the RuO2 photocatalyst. A density functional theory study on the reaction of CO2 with H2 revealed that H2 splits on the surface of the RuO2 to form hydroxyl groups that participate in the overall photomethanation process.
Material Discovery and Design Principles for Stable, High Activity Perovskite Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Jacobs Ryan , Mayeshiba Tam , Booske John , Morgan Dane
Published: January 2018

Critical to the development of improved solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology are novel compounds with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity and robust stability under cathode operating conditions. Approximately 2145 distinct perovskite compositions are screened for potential use as high activity, stable SOFC cathodes, and it is verified that the screening methodology qualitatively reproduces the experimental activity, stability, and conduction properties of well‐studied cathode materials. The calculated oxygen p‐band center is used as a first principle‐based descriptor of the surface exchange coefficient (k*), which in turn correlates with cathode ORR activity. Convex hull analysis is used under operating conditions in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen, and water vapor to determine thermodynamic stability. This search has yielded 52 potential cathode materials with good predicted stability in typical SOFC operating conditions and predicted k* on par with leading ORR perovskite catalysts. The established trends in predicted k* and stability are used to suggest methods of improving the performance of known promising compounds. The material design strategies and new materials discovered in the computational search help enable the development of high activity, stable compounds for use in future solid oxide fuel cells and related applications.
Liquid–liquid–solid mass transfer and phase behavior of heterogeneous etherification of glycerol with isobutene
Authors: Liu Jingjun , Yang Bolun
Published: January 2018

Previous experiments observed auto‐acceleration in the etherification of glycerol with isobutene. This article engaged to uncover the reason for this phenomenon via investigating the heterogenicity, including liquid–liquid phase equilibrium and liquid–liquid–solid mass transfer, of the reaction system. Phase behavior analysis showed that the reaction mixture separates into two liquid phases during the whole course of the reaction. The produced mono ethers of glycerol thermodynamically promote the homogenization of the two liquid phases. The modeling results of liquid–liquid–solid mass transfer indicated that the resistance of mass transfer is insignificant during the reaction. The bulk compositions of the two liquid phases are very close to their corresponding equilibrium compositions. An increase of isobutene concentration in the reaction phase is believed to lead all reactions speeding up. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2526–2535, 2018
Experimental investigation of particle migration in suspension flow through bifurcating microchannels
Authors: Medhi Bhaskar Jyoti , Agrawal Vipin , Singh Anugrah
Published: January 2018

Experimental measurements of velocity and concentration profiles were carried out to study transport of non‐colloidal suspension in bifurcating micro channels for both diverging and converging flow conditions using a combination of mirco‐particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry techniques. Migration of particles across the streamline was observed and symmetric velocity and concentration profile in the inlet branch becomes asymmetric in the daughter branches. Further migration of particles toward the center of the channel in the outlet branch make the profiles again symmetric. The evolution of velocity and concentration profiles was observed to be different in the symmetric and asymmetric bifurcation channels. The comparison of the streamlines for the fluid and the particles showed significant deviation near the bifurcation region. This may explain why there is unequal flow and particle partitioning during flow of suspension in asymmetric bifurcating channels as reported in many previous studies. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2293–2307, 2018
Housing First and Photovoice: Transforming Lives, Communities, and Systems
Authors: Pruitt Anna S. , Barile John P. , Ogawa Terry Yasuko , Peralta Nelson , Bugg Reumell , Lau John , Lamberton Thomas , Hall Corazon , Mori Victor
Published: January 2018

Highlights

Presents Housing First outcomes as identified by program participants.

Demonstrates multilevel impacts of a Photovoice project with Housing First participants.

Represents a collaborative approach to authorship with vulnerable people.

Discusses the transformative potential of participatory evaluations for community mental health.
Preparation of bi‐continuous poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) microporous membranes by a thermally induced phase separation method
Authors: Tan Linli , Han Na , Zhang Longfei , Qian Yongqiang , Zhang Xingxiang , Cui Zhenyu , Cai Jun
Published: January 2018

Poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) [P(AN‐MA)] flat microfiltration membranes were successfully prepared via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method, by using low polar caprolactam (CPL) and methoxypolyethylene glycol 550 (MPEG 550) as the mixed diluent. In this work, P(AN‐MA) membranes exhibit bi‐continuous networks, porous surfaces, high porosity, and big pore size, when membrane fabricated from a high MPEG 550 content, low P(AN‐MA) concentration, and small cooling rate, it can be dry state preservation and do not need to be impregnated by any solvent. When the ternary system was composed of 15 wt % P(AN‐MA), 12.5 wt % CPL, and 87.5 wt % MPEG 550, formed at 25 °C air bath, membrane has the highest water flux of 4420 L m−2 h−1. The obtained P(AN‐AN) membrane displays a high carbonic black ink rejection ranging from 83.7 to 98.5 wt %. Moreover, P(AN‐MA) polymer not only retains the advantages of PAN but also reduces the polar component from 16.2 to 10.77 MPa0.5. It can be used membrane matrix to obtain pore structure and excellent mechanical property membrane via TIPS. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46173.
Rigid polyisocyanurate–waterglass foam composite: Preparation, mechanism, and thermal and flame‐retardant properties
Authors: Feng Guo‐Dong , Hu Li‐Hong , Ma Yan , Zhang Meng , Liu Cheng‐Guo , Zhou Yong‐Hong
Published: January 2018

A rigid polyisocyanurate–waterglass foam (PIWGRF) composite was prepared with polyaryl poly(methylene isocyanate) and waterglass (WG) as the main materials; water as a blowing agent, and no polyols. We speculated the formation mechanism of the PIWGRFs on the basis of the analysis of experiment data, scanning electron microscopy characterization, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that three‐dimensional nanoflakes derived from the cured WG was observed; this was connected with polyisocyanurate by secondary bonding (SiOHN). Thermogravimetric testing indicated that the thermal stability and residual mass (34%) of the PIWGRFs were significantly higher than those of rigid traditional polyurethane foams (T‐PUFs). When the core density of the PIWGRFs was 32.6 kg/m3, the strength was up to 162.9 KPa by excessive filling. The flame retardancy of the PIWGRFs, including the time to ignition, heat‐release rate, total smoke of release, and limiting oxygen index, was obviously better than that of the T‐PUFs. The structure of the residual char was more dense and orderly; this was also an effective barrier layer. The reason was attributed to the fact that the WG did not contain combustible elements. So, the PIWGRFs had excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and environmental friendliness. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46182.
Constructing Ordered Three‐Dimensional TiO2 Channels for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance in CO2 Conversion Induced by Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Hairong , Wang Tao , Gong Hao , Guo Hu , Fan Xiaoli , Gao Bin , Feng Yaya , Meng Xianguang , Huang Xianli , He Jianping
Published: January 2018

As a typical photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, practical applications of TiO2 still suffer from low photocatalytic efficiency and limited visible‐light absorption. Herein, a novel Au‐nanoparticle (NP)‐decorated ordered mesoporous TiO2 (OMT) composite (OMT‐Au) was successfully fabricated, in which Au NPs were uniformly dispersed on the OMT. Due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect derived from the excited Au NPs, the TiO2 shows high photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction under visible light. The ordered mesoporous TiO2 exhibits superior material and structure, with a high surface area that offers more catalytically active sites. More importantly, the three‐dimensional transport channels ensure the smooth flow of gas molecules, highly efficient CO2 adsorption, and the fast and steady transmission of hot electrons excited from the Au NPs, which lead to a further improvement in the photocatalytic performance. These results highlight the possibility of improving the photocatalysis for CO2 reduction under visible light by constructing OMT‐based Au‐SPR‐induced photocatalysts.
High‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects performance in Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)
Authors: Guo Heng , Zhang Zhuoran , Da Shu , Sheng Xiaotian , Zhang Xichao
Published: January 2018

Background

Studies on risk preferences have long been of great concern and have examined the neural basis underlying risk‐based decision making. However, studies using conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) revealed that bilateral stimulation could change risk propensity with limited evidence of precisely focalized unilateral high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS). The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of HD‐tDCS focalizing the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on risk‐taking behavior during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).

Methods

This study was designed as a between‐subject, single‐blind, sham‐controlled experiment. University students were randomly assigned to three groups: the anodal group (F3 anode, AF3, F1, F5, FC3 returned), the cathodal group (F3 cathodal, AF3, F1, F5, FC3 returned) and the sham group. Subsequently, 1.5‐mA 20‐min HD‐tDCS was applied during the BART, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Sensation Seeking Scale‐5 (SSS‐5), and the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Approach System scale (BIS/BAS) were measured as control variables.

Results

The cathodal group earned less total money than the sham group, and no significant difference was observed between the anodal group and the sham group.

Conclusions

These results showed that, to some extent, focalized unilateral cathodal HD‐tDCS on left DLPFC could change performance during risky tasks and diminish risky decision making. Further studies are needed to investigate the dose effect and electrode distribution of HD‐tDCS during risky tasks and examine synchronous brain activity to show the neural basis.
Randomized comparison of novel biodegradable polymer and durable polymer‐coated cobalt‐chromium sirolimus‐eluting stents: Three‐Year Outcomes of the I‐LOVE‐IT 2 Trial
Authors: Song Lei , Li Jing , Guan Changdong , Jing Quanmin , Lu Shuzheng , Yang Lixia , Xu Kai , Yang Yuejin , Xu Bo , Han Yaling ,   on behalf of the I‐LOVE‐IT 2 Investigators
Published: January 2018

Objectives

We aimed to compare the long‐term outcomes of the novel biodegradable polymer cobalt‐chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐SES) versus the durable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (DP‐SES) in the I‐LOVE‐IT2 trial.

Backgrounds

Comparisons of the long‐term safety and efficiency of the BP‐DES versus the DP‐DES are limited.

Methods

A total of 2,737 patients eligible for coronary stenting were randomized to the BP‐SES or DP‐SES group at a 2:1 ratio. The primary endpoint of target lesion failure (TLF) was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization.

Results

A three‐year clinical follow‐up period was available for 2,663 (97.3%) patients. There were no significant differences in TLF (8.9% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.81), patient‐oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) (15.2% vs.14.5%, P = 0.63), or individual components between the BP‐SES and DP‐SES. Definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) was low and similar at 3 years (0.8% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.64). Landmark analysis of 1–3 years showed that the TLF (2.7% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.81), PoCE (6.2% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.28), and definite/probable ST (0.4% vs. 0.4%, P = 1.00) were comparable between the 2 arms.

Conclusions

In this prospective randomized trial, the BP‐SES showed similar clinical results versus the DP‐SES in terms of safety and efficacy outcomes over a 3‐year follow‐up period.
Design and Synthesis of A‐Ring Simplified Pyripyropene A Analogues as Potent and Selective Synthetic SOAT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Ohtawa Masaki , Arima Shiho , Ichida Naoki , Terayama Tomiaki , Ohno Hironao , Yamazaki Takaya , Ohshiro Taichi , Sato Noriko , Omura Satoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi , Nagamitsu Tohru
Published: January 2018

Currently, pyripyropene A, which is isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus fumigatus FO‐1289, is the only compound known to strongly and selectively inhibit the isozyme sterol O‐acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2). To aid in the development of new cholesterol‐lowering or anti‐atherosclerotic agents, new A‐ring simplified pyripyropene A analogues have been designed and synthesized based on total synthesis, and the results of structure–activity relationship studies of pyripyropene A. Among the analogues, two A‐ring simplified pyripyropene A analogues exhibited equally efficient SOAT2 inhibitory activity to that of natural pyripyropene A. These new analogues are the most potent and selective SOAT2 inhibitors to be used as synthetic compounds and attractive seed compounds for the development of drug for dyslipidemia, including atherosclerotic disease and steatosis.
Interactions between Clinically Used Bisphosphonates and Bone Mineral: from Coordination Chemistry to Biomedical Applications and Beyond
Authors: Gałęzowska Joanna
Published: January 2018

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are well‐established, widely used first‐choice drugs for bone‐related diseases and are one of the few classes of molecules for selective bone targeting. Their binding to calcium cations within hydroxyapatite (HA) is a key physicochemical event that takes place on the bone surface. It is the starting point for a cascade of biochemical reactions and cellular effects that lead to the pharmacological activity of BPs. The phenomenon has been known for years, yet its physicochemical nature is still not fully understood. In particular, the adsorption/release processes and structure–function relationships of BPs remain to be clarified. These are elementary, yet crucial factors, which should influence the design and development of new delivery tools or drugs with improved characteristics. This review summarizes the current understanding of the chemical interactions between clinically used BPs and bone mineral, starting from basic Ca2+coordination chemistry through to interactions with hydroxyapatite, nanocrystalline apatites, and natural bone mineral.
The Yin and Yang of YY1 in tumor growth and suppression
Authors: Khachigian Levon M.
Published: January 2018

Yin Yang‐1 (YY1) is a zinc finger protein and member of the GLI‐Kruppel family that can activate or inactivate gene expression depending on interacting partners, promoter context and chromatin structure, and may be involved in the transcriptional control of ∼10% of the total mammalian gene set. A growing body of literature indicates that YY1 is overexpressed in multiple cancer types and that increased YY1 levels correlate with poor clinical outcomes in many cancers. However, the role of YY1 in the promotion or suppression of tumor growth remains controversial and its regulatory effects may be tumor cell type dependent at least in experimental systems. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the apparently conflicting roles of YY1 are not yet fully elucidated. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of regulatory insights involving YY1 function in a range of cancer types. For example, YY1's roles in tumor growth involve stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α in a p53 independent manner, negative regulation of miR‐9 transcription, control of MYCT1 transcription, a novel miR‐193a‐5p‐YY1‐APC axis, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide generation, p53 reduction and EGFR activation, control of genes associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism and miRNA regulatory networks involving miR‐7, miR‐9, miR‐34a, miR‐186, miR‐381, miR‐584‐3p and miR‐635. On the other hand, tumor suppressor roles of YY1 appear to involve YY1 stimulation of tumor suppressor BRCA1, increased Bax transcription and apoptosis involving cytochrome c release and caspase‐3/‐7 cleavage, induction of heme oxygenase‐1, inhibition of pRb phosphorylation and p21 binding to cyclin D1 and cdk4, reduced expression of long noncoding RNA of SOX2 overlapping transcript, and MUC4/ErbB2/p38/MEF2C‐dependent downregulation of MMP‐10. YY1 expression is associated with that of cancer stem cell markers SOX2, BMI1 and OCT4 across many cancers suggesting multidynamic regulatory control and groups of cancers with distinct molecular signatures. Greater understanding of the mechanistic roles of YY1 will in turn lead to the development of more specific approaches to modulate YY1 expression and activity with therapeutic potential.
Serum inflammatory markers in relation to prostate cancer severity and death in the Swedish AMORIS study
Authors: Arthur R. , Williams R. , Garmo H. , Holmberg L. , Stattin P. , Malmström H. , Lambe M. , Hammar N. , Walldius G. , Robinsson D. , Jungner I. , Van Hemelrijck M.
Published: January 2018

Inflammation is a well‐documented driver of cancer development and progression. However, little is known about its role in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we examined the association of C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and white blood cells (WBC) with prostate cancer (PCa) severity (defined by PCa risk category and clinicopathological characteristics) and progression (defined by PCa death). We selected 8,471 Swedish men with newly diagnosed PCa who had exposure measurements taken approximately 14 years prior to diagnosis. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between the inflammatory markers and PCa severity using logistic regression, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the associations with overall and PCa death. Serum CRP levels were associated with increased odds of high risk and metastatic PCa, and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06–1.56, 1.32; 1.05–1.65 and 1.51; 1.26–1.81, respectively). Similarly, higher haptoglobin levels were associated with increased odds of metastatic PCa, high PSA level and possibly high grade PCa (1.38; 1.10–1.74, 1.50; 1.17–1.93 and 1.25; 1.00–1.56, respectively). Albumin was positively associated with Gleason 4 + 3 tumour (1.38; 1.02–1.86) and overall death (HRunit increase in log: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), but inversely associated with high risk PCa and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (0.71; 0.56–0.89 and 0.72; 0.5 9–0.90). WBC was associated with increased odds of T3–T4 PCa. Except for albumin, none of these markers were associated with PCa death or overall death. Systemic inflammation as early as 14 years prior to diagnosis may influence prostate cancer severity.
The effect of cell density, proximity, and time on the cytotoxicity of magnesium and galvanically coupled magnesium–titanium particles in vitro
Authors: Kim Jua , Gilbert Jeremy L.
Published: January 2018

Magnesium (Mg) and galvanically coupled magnesium–titanium (Mg–Ti) particles in vitro have been reported previously to kill cells in a dosage‐dependent manner. Mg–Ti particles kill cells more effectively than Mg alone, due to the galvanic effect of Mg and Ti. This study further investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of Mg and Mg–Ti in terms of particle concentration, cell density, time, and proximity. Cell density has an effect on cell viability only at low particle concentrations (below 250 µg/mL), where cell viability dropped only for lower cell densities (5000–10,000 cells/cm2) and not for higher cell densities (20,000–30,000 cells/cm2), showing that the particles cannot kill if there are more cells present. Cytotoxicity of Mg and Mg–Ti particles is quick and temporary, where the particles kill cells only during particle corrosion (first 24 h). Depending on the percentage of surviving cells, particle concentrations, and ongoing corrosion activity, the remaining live cells either proliferated and recovered, or just remained viable and quiescent. The particle killing is also proximity‐dependent, where cell viability was significantly higher for cells far away from the particles (greater than ∼1 mm) compared to those close to the particles (less than ∼1 mm). Although the increase of pH does affect cell viability negatively, it is not the sole killing factor since cell viability is significantly dependent on particle type and proximity but not pH. Mg and Mg–Ti particles used in this study are large enough to prevent direct cell phagocytosis so that the cell killing effect may be attributed to solely electrochemical reactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1428–1439, 2018.
Preparation of Fluorescent Thiol Group‐Functionalized Silica Microspheres for the Detection and Removal of Silver Ions in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Shen Qihui , Liu Man , Yu Dongdong , Gao Hanliang , Liu Yan , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhou Jianguang
Published: January 2018

We demonstrate that silica microspheres can act as a sensitive fluorescent sensor and adsorbent of Ag+ in aqueous media. These thiol‐functionalized silica microspheres are doped with quantum dots (QDs) using organosilane chemistry in a one‐step preparation. Ligand exchange takes place between the thiolated organosilane and acid‐capped QDs, making the doping easy. Ag+ adsorption by the silica microspheres causes the decrease of fluorescence intensity of the QDs. The detection limit for Ag+ is found to be 10 μmol/L. The abundance of thiol groups on the surface of the microspheres could effectively remove Ag+ through strong interaction. When microspheres with a diameter of 1.1 μm are used as the adsorbents, the adsorption capacity for Ag+ reached 102 mg/g. This excellent adsorption ability is due to the abundance of thiol groups that act as the active sites, facilitating the adsorption of the massive metal ions on the surface of the microspheres. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm data follows the Freundlich model. The structure and content of the silica microspheres were investigated by scanning and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman analysis, and the fluorescence properties were characterized by fluorescence microscopy.
Technical implementations of light sheet microscopy
Authors: Elisa Zagato , Toon Brans , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Katrien Remaut , Kristiaan Neyts , Kevin Braeckmans
Published: January 2018

Fluorescence‐based microscopy is among the most successful methods in biological studies. It played a critical role in the visualization of subcellular structures and in the analysis of complex cellular processes, and it is nowadays commonly employed in genetic and drug screenings. Among the fluorescence‐based microscopy techniques, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has shown a quite interesting set of benefits. The technique combines the speed of epi‐fluorescence acquisition with the optical sectioning capability typical of confocal microscopes. Its unique configuration allows the excitation of only a thin plane of the sample, thus fast, high resolution imaging deep inside tissues is nowadays achievable. The low peak intensity with which the sample is illuminated diminishes phototoxic effects and decreases photobleaching of fluorophores, ensuring data collection for days with minimal adverse consequences on the sample. It is no surprise that LSFM applications have raised in just few years and the technique has been applied to study a wide variety of samples, from whole organism, to tissues, to cell clusters, and single cells. As a consequence, in recent years numerous set‐ups have been developed, each one optimized for the type of sample in use and the requirements of the question at hand. Hereby, we aim to review the most advanced LSFM implementations to assist new LSFM users in the choice of the LSFM set‐up that suits their needs best. We also focus on new commercial microscopes and “do‐it‐yourself” strategies; likewise we review recent designs that allow a swift integration of LSFM on existing microscopes.
Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of the Melt Transesterification of Bisphenol‐A and Diphenyl Carbonate
Authors: Bi Feng‐Lei , Xi Zhen‐Hao , Zhao Ling
Published: January 2018

The catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction mechanisms of the melt transesterification process of bisphenol‐A and diphenyl carbonate are proposed based on nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl group of the reactants. The reaction paths and energy barriers of the melt transesterification reaction were predicted and identified via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculations reveal that the different oligomers with only one repeating unit are formed through different thermal processes. The theoretical evaluation further indicates that the basic hydroxide catalysts can reduce the energy barrier for the transesterification reaction, which allows subsequent nucleophilic attack to easily occur. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of transesterification using tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide as a catalyst were investigated experimentally over a temperature range of 155–175°C. The reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants were determined based on the functional group model, and the equilibrium constants decreased with increasing reaction temperature. A detailed molecular species model with a specific repeating unit (n = 3) was developed and applied to predict the change in the reactants, oligomers, and phenol, and the experimental data and model calculation agree quite well. The standard curves of the oligomer were reversely derived, which provide intuitive insight into the concentration change of each oligomer. Both the DFT calculations and experimental results indicate that the C1 oligomer is first formed, and some of which are then converted to other types or higher molecular weight oligomers.
Postagrogenic development of Retisols in the middle taiga subzone of European Russia (Komi Republic)
Authors: Dymov Alexey A. , Dubrovskiy Yuriy A. , Startsev Viktor V.
Published: January 2018

Reforestation on abandoned agricultural lands is widespread in the belt of boreal forests. We analyzed the morphological and physicochemical properties of a Plaggic Glossic Retisol (Siltic, Cutanic) site that had been abandoned either 7, 19, or 85 years ago, as well as a Glossic Stagnic Retisol (Siltic, Cutanic) as a control. Involvement of forest soils in agricultural use results in the degradation of organic horizons, which are not restored until many decades after the termination of active agricultural use. Arable soil horizons were preserved and were clearly identified 85 years after the land had been abandoned. The morphological features of the eluvial and subeluvial horizons were determined at all sites. Soils at sites that had been abandoned for 7 and 19 years showed lower acidity and higher base saturation compared to the background soil. Total carbon stocks were lower at the abandoned sites. The slow increase of carbon stocks after the soil had been abandoned is caused by C increase as in the organic as in the topsoil mineral horizons. Soils that had been abandoned for 7 and 19 years contained less water‐extractable forms of C and N than the control and 85‐year forest soils. Agricultural use leads to a reduction in C stocks of forest soils. The postagrogenic soil C sequestration rate was estimated to be 30–40 g·m−2·yr−1.
Beta diversity diminishes in a chronosequence of desertification in a desert steppe
Authors: Tang Zhuangsheng , An Hui , Zhu Guangyu , Shangguan Zhouping
Published: January 2018

Biodiversity is a central and multifaceted concept of community ecology, but a major challenge remains in understanding the variation mechanisms of biodiversity. Two ecological phenomena are shown in beta diversity: (a) spatial species turnover in space and (b) nestedness‐resultant of assemblages. Using a field experiment focusing on a desert steppe ecosystem, we show that desertification influences those two components in divergent ways depending on whether a deterministic or stochastic process is driving community composition. Desertification was a major driver of local environmental heterogeneity, which also resulted in decreased soil nutrients and led to increased turnover in a heterogeneous environment; however, spatial turnover of species decreased with desertification intensify. Desertification decreases resource availability, which causes species loss and reduced total beta diversity. Those desertification effects, therefore, had a homogenizing effect on the community. However, stochastic processes cannot be disregarded as a factor in community composition determination. Overall, these results indicated that the study of desertification effects on beta diversity would add our knowledge of the deterministic and stochastic processes that create and maintain biodiversity. This is crucial to assess the relative importance between stochastic processes and deterministic processes.
CEST‐Dixon for human breast lesion characterization at 3 T: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Shu , Seiler Stephen , Wang Xinzeng , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Keupp Jochen , Knippa Emily E. , Lenkinski Robert E. , Vinogradov Elena
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI for breast lesion characterization is promising. However, artifacts are prone to develop in breast CEST imaging as a result of strong lipid signals. The aims of the study are (i) to develop and validate the CEST‐Dixon imaging sequence for simultaneous water‐fat separation and B0 mapping; and (ii) use the CEST‐Dixon method to characterize suspicious lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous biopsy.

Methods

The gradient‐echo multi‐echo Dixon acquisition is used to create fat‐free CEST and B0 maps. The sequence has been validated in phantoms and in vivo. Five healthy volunteers and 10 patients were scanned to compare the CEST contrast in three frequency ranges centered at 1, 2, and 3.5 ppm. The correlation between the CEST contrast and pathology markers (tumor type, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and Ki‐67) was also investigated by stratifying the patients into ER‐negative invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (more aggressive), ER‐positive IDC (less aggressive), and benign groups.

Results

The CEST‐Dixon sequence shows homogenous fat removal in the water‐only images. The ER‐negative IDC tissues display a trend to higher CEST contrast in all three frequency ranges, whereas the ER‐positive IDC, benign, and normal tissues have lower CEST contrast. No significant differences were observed among the ER‐positive IDC, benign, and normal tissues. Of the three frequencies ranges, the CEST contrasts at 1 ppm are high in the ER‐negative IDC group, have the largest difference among the ER‐negative IDC and the other groups, and have the highest correlation with Ki‐67.

Conclusion

Breast CEST‐Dixon imaging shows potential to differentiate more aggressive from less aggressive cancers. Magn Reson Med 80:895–903, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.