bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Disaggregation and Credit Risk Valuation in a Merton Framework
Authors: GATFAOUI HAYETTE
Published: February 2008

An investor in a corporate obligation is exposed to the default risk of the obligor. In this article, the author adapts the dynamic valuation framework to disaggregate systematic and idiosyncratic default risk of credit instruments. By articulating the distinction between diversifiable and undiversifiable risk, the article develops a two‐factor model for pricing default risk.
A Review of Stochastic Volatility Processes: Properties and Implications
Authors: PSYCHOYIOS DIMITRIS , SKIADOPOULOS GEORGE , ALEXAKIS PANAYOTIS
Published: February 2008

The volatility of a financial asset is an important input for financial decision‐making in the context of asset allocation, option pricing, and risk management. The authors compare and contrast four approaches to stochastic volatility to determine which is most appropriate to each of these various needs.
Pricing Vulnerable Options With Copulas
Authors: CHERUBINI UMBERTO , LUCIANO ELISA
Published: February 2008

Counterparty risk is usually defined as the risk which stems from the fact that the counterparty of a derivative contract is not solvent before or at expiration. As most of the derivative trading activity has been moving from standardized products quoted on futures‐style markets, towards customized products traded on over‐the‐counter markets, the issue of counterparty risk evaluation has increasingly gathered momentum and is now one of the hot topics in option pricing theory. The corresponding options are named vulnerable.
A Quantile‐Fitting Approach to Value at Risk for Options
Authors: NAM DOOWOO , GUP BENTON E.
Published: February 2008

The curvilinear shape of a bond price‐yield curve implies that risk management based on a linear approximation using duration is only viable for very small changes in interest rates. Not accounting for convexity when there are large yield changes can result in critical errors in measuring or hedging interest rate risk. The linear approximations will under‐or overestimate the value at risk (VaR) for non‐linear financial instruments. Nonlinearity can be particularly problematic if there are large changes in market risk factors. The large changes are more likely to occur when VaR is computed for high confidence levels and/or longer time horizons. Even if the movements in risk factors are small, estimation errors in VaR would get larger as the degree of non‐linearity in financial instruments increases.
Long‐Term Value at Risk
Authors: DOWD KEVIN , BLAKE DAVID , CAIRNS ANDREW
Published: February 2008

One of the most significant recent developments in the risk measurement and management area has been the emergence of value at risk (VaR). The VaR of a portfolio is the maximum loss that the portfolio will suffer over a defined time horizon, at a specified level of probability known as the VaR confidence level. The VaR has proven to be a very useful measure of market risk, and is widely used in the securities and derivatives sectors: a good example is the RiskMetrics system developed by J.P. Morgan. VaR measures based on systems such as RiskMetrics' sister, CreditMetrics, have also shown their worth as measures of credit risk, and for dealing with credit‐related derivatives. In addition, VaR can be used to measure cashflow risks and even operational risks. However, these areas are mainly concerned with risks over a relatively short time horizon, and VaR has had a more limited impact so far on the insurance and pensions literatures that are mainly concerned with longer‐term risks.
Building and Maintaining the Community Resources File for I&R Service
Authors: Espar Sadie
Published: February 2008

Library based Information and Referral services are no longer a matter for philosophical debate or speculation. They exist. They work. And they work better than anyone anticipated. Each day, patrons are given direct answers to their questions or referred to a community agency or organization that provides the service or information they seek. Many are calling the library for the first time. Many ask for the I&R desk but state requests that are easily answered with standard reference works. It becomes quickly apparent that an I&R program provides essential service, leads to fuller use of all library services and introduces the nonuser to the library.
Preparing for Retirement: A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Meeker Donna
Published: February 2008

Retirement is a phenomenon unique to modern industrial societies. It is only within the last century, through technological and scientific advances, that industrial nations have been able to produce significant surpluses of food and goods, while simultaneously diminishing the effects of disease and raising the overall standard of living. These advances, combined with the demographic shift which accompanies a declining birth rate (a proportional increase in number of old people to total population), the development of large national bureaucracies, and sudden shifts in the industrial market, have left significant numbers of older workers with obsolete skills and have led to the evolution of a major “retired” segment of the population.
Free and Inexpensive Materials
Authors: Weibel Kathleen
Published: February 2008

Food. Hunger. Nutrition. Eating. These are related topics of concern to each of us—including the producers of free and inexpensive materials. Bargain‐material producers specializing in food‐related topics are as plentiful as recipes using tomatoes: all levels of government, churches, national associations, action groups, natural food freaks, and a host of others.
Reference Service for Alternative Publications
Authors: Shore Elliott , Tsang Daniel
Published: February 2008

The most challenging aspect of overseeing an alternative press collection is to provide adequate reference service. The same forces that cause libraries to ignore alternative publications also conspire against their using them fully and effectively once they have been acquired. This holds true for all forms of alternative literature and media, though periodicals probably suffer the most severe neglect. Many periodicals go unindexed from year to year because such companies as H. W. Wilson and its Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature stick basically to a traditional core of “safe” or “acceptable” periodicals. (It took Readers' Guide ten years to include Rolling Stone, which had long since shed its “alternative” image.)
Free and Inexpensive Materials
Authors: Moon Ilse B.
Published: February 2008

With this issue, Collection Building reinstitutes the popular column on free and inexpensive materials developed by Kathleen Weibel in the three issues of our first volume. Most of the material included will be items suitable for the vertical files, although occasionally items will be mentioned that may be substantial enough to warrant standard cataloging and shelving as books or periodicals. Format will be unrestricted and efforts will be made to find and include nonprint materials even where some of these, such as slide sets or films, may be available for loan only. As costs of library materials continue to rise, the struggle to provide up‐to‐date information on the great variety of subjects of importance to our patrons becomes ever more difficult. Following the column's earlier pattern, we will attempt to identify and describe in each issue material on a broad topic that is free, or available for postage and handling costs, or is inexpensive. Our definition of inexpensive, alas, has risen from Weibel's $1.60 to $2.50.
The Conference‐Goers' Guide to Collection Building
Authors: Futas Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

Attending professional conferences can be exciting, expensive, time consuming, frustrating, rewarding—and sometimes all of these. Inflation, combined with ever‐tightening travel restrictions in the 1980s, forces many of us to justify fully the time and money spent for professional activities. Conferences, particularly the ALA Annual Convention, can and should be one of the most cost‐effective and professionally rewarding experiences available. It's an ideal way to combine several functions and lessen the cost of each, particularly for those of us interested in building library collections.
Let the Sunshine in: Free and Inexpensive Materials on Solar Energy
Authors: Moon Ilse B.
Published: February 2008

Every since OPEC forced us to face the fact that oil and gas were not going to be cheap and available forever, increased attention has been paid to alternative energy sources. Among the most attractive of these is solar energy—clean, free at the source, resistant to monopolistic control, and plentifully available in most regions. Solar energy, which had been utilized for heating from the time of the Greek and Roman civilizations, has been rediscovered. Among those focusing on its potentialities are government, industry, conservation groups, and academic agencies. Masses of information are becoming available, variously aimed at the researcher, the consumer, community groups and specialized audiences—political, commercial, and industrial. A selection for the vertical file, including some programming aids and bibliographies useful in collection development, follows. As before, we are defining inexpensive as under $2.50 plus postage.
Information Data‐base Services in the Small and Medium‐sized Public Library
Authors: Eveland Ruth
Published: February 2008

While librarians have all too often given good reasons for the popular image of being years behind the times, surely few of us would deny that computers are going to mean extraordinary changes in the way in which information is going to be managed, from its collection to storage to delivery. We may not be aware of any changes, but they are in use today. For example, indexes are frequently compiled on, organized by, and even printed with computers.
List‐Checking as a Method for Evaluating Library Collections
Authors: Comer Cynthia
Published: February 2008

The most widely used method of qualitatively evaluating a library's collections is the list‐checking method, a process in which the library's holdings are compared with one or more lists of selected titles. The types of lists commonly used are published, standardized lists representing core or basic collections, catalogs of other libraries, or specialized subject bibliographies. The literature on this method of collection evaluation is extensive, dating back to the 1930s; covering the types of lists used for evaluations, the advantages and disadvantages of using such a method, and the various ways of implementing this type of evaluation.
Recent Trends in Religious Book Publishing
Authors: McLain Saucier Judy
Published: February 2008

An increasingly important division of today's American book publishing industry is the “religious book” market. The Association of American Publishers defines this division's scope as “primarily Bibles and prayer books, but also other works of specific religious content, such as theological treatises….” The more prevalent notion of a religious book, however, rests on a much broader interpretation; a religious book is loosely defined as any “inspirational work or one emanating from a religious publisher.” Even such titles as The Total Woman tend to fall under the “religious book” umbrella when it comes to statistic‐gathering by such groups as the Christian Book‐sellers Association. But regardless of how one chooses to define the scope of this market, there is no denying that it is expanding, and doing so at an impressive rate. Publishers (both secular and religious), bookstore owners, and librarians in public and academic libraries are noting a dramatic increase in the general public's interest in religious books.
Building Library Collections in University Libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Onadiran G.T. , Onadiran R.W.
Published: February 2008

The Federal Republic of Nigeria is the most populous state in Africa. At the time of the 1963 census, the population stood at 56,654,000. The present population is not known. However, United Nations statistics suggest a figure in the region of 70 million.
Free and Inexpensive Materials on Nutrition for the Elderly
Authors: Moon Ilse B.
Published: February 2008

People whose level of activity is decreasing may need fewer calories but they also need to take greater care to maintain a balanced diet, and adequate levels of nutrients and fiber are as desirable as in their earlier years. Good nutrition for the elderly is not much different from good nutrition for any adult, but because of problems such as reduced economic circumstances and declining physical abilities the elderly may require special resources. Unfortunately, some excellent publications such as Nutrition: Background and Issues, from the 1971 White House Conference on Aging, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Guide for Older Folks (Home and Garden Bulletin 17), and Food Hints for Mature People (Public Affairs Pamphlet 336), seem no longer to be available. Among the following few items, some are specifically for the elderly and others, even though they are more general in approach, may be helpful in rounding out that section of your information files.
The Popular Culture Collection Quandary
Authors: Moran Barbara B.
Published: February 2008

Although interest in the study of popular culture on the university and college level has increased greatly since the 1960s, there has been little written to date about collection development in this field. What has been written has typically described the collection development activities in particular academic libraries instead of attempting to address the topic generally. The lack of general guidelines for collection building in this area of study is not surprising. In the first place, popular culture is a relative newcomer to the academic scene with most programs and courses instituted in the last decade. Secondly, popular culture is a broad, diverse field of study with its researchers typically scattered throughout many of the more traditional departments of the university. As a result, the demands on the library have been less focused than if they had been coming from one clearly defined academic department.
Administrator's Viewpoint
Authors: Beckerman Edwin
Published: February 2008

In recent years this publication has explored a wide range of subjects touching on collection development. This has ranged from such general topics as collection evaluation and a consideration of collection development policies in medium‐sized academic libraries in the U.S., to more specific topics such as the recommendation of bibliographies in subject areas. A review of topics already covered confirms that Collection Building is already broad in its scope and varied in its interests.
Alternatives
Authors: Berman Sandy , West Celeste
Published: February 2008

Celeste West: As publisher of Down There Press, your nine titles are famous, even notorious, for being the most “out there” sex titles this side of pornography. Yet you are an ardent feminist—in fact, one of the most successful and respected women in feminist publishing. A lot of people would feel that combining pleasure and politics makes for strange bedfellows, so to speak. How did this come about?
Home Computers Find A New Home—Public Libraries
Authors: Emmens Carol A.
Published: February 2008

Public libraries across the country are adding a new component to their collections and services: the home computer. Below are several mini “case studies” describing the experiences of seven libraries with their computer collections.
A Feminist Researcher's Guide to Periodical Indexes, Abstracting Services, Citation Indexes, and Online Databases
Authors: Rippier Wheeler Helen
Published: February 2008

Five years ago a friend whose business has the word “women” in its title began referring to me requests she received for information about a large area encompassing women's issues, herstory, Women Studies, feminism, nonsexist education, nontraditional employment, reentry persons, comparable worth, health, portrayal of women in literature, scientific developments by and affecting women, etc. They came from feminist and sexist people of all ages throughout the world. Most, however, were American women attempting to bridge the information gap and to counteract misinformation and lack of information about and affecting females. This eventually evolved into a non‐profit service through which I responded directly to inquiries.
Assessing “Readiness for Resource Sharing” in an Academic Library
Authors: Feller Judith M.
Published: February 2008

In the last ten years, an abundance of writing has appeared on the need for cooperation, resource sharing, and networking. The terms themselves are not always well defined, although networking usually implies the use of computers and other telecommunication links. The consensus is that cooperation (resource sharing, networking) is an economic necessity. Resource sharing and cooperation are based on the assumption that academic libraries can no longer afford to be self‐sufficient—they cannot purchase all materials required to meet the needs of their curricula and related faculty research.
“Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Huddled Masses”: Immigration to America
Authors: Craver Kathleen W.
Published: February 2008

During the decade 1970 to 1979, more than 11 million immigrants came to the United States. The only comparable period in the nation's history was from 1900 to 1909, when entire towns emigrated from Italy, Poland, and Russia, and eight million immigrants arrived in America.
Beep. Bong. Replace Shh! in the Library When Video Games are Added to the Collection
Authors: Emmens Carol A.
Published: February 2008

For the last two years the prices of Atari's games and computers have dropped so much that the company was forced to dump—literally—thousands of dollars worth of games and equipment. According to an article in The New York Times (September 28, 1983), faced with a major slump in the sale of video games and a loss of $310.5 million in the second quarter of 1983, Atari dumped 14 truckloads of games and computer equipment into a landfill in Alamogordo, New Mexico. However, in spite of the decreasing sales of video games and decreasing attendance at arcades, attendance and circulation are up at the handful of libraries around the country that own/loan video games.
Collection Development and the College Library: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Moskowitz Mickey
Published: February 2008

Collection development literature has burgeoned over the past decade, yet the complaint is still heard that college libraries are not engaged in meaningful collection development activities. College librarians often consider methods described in published research as too time‐consuming, technologically dependent, or statistically complex to apply to their own situations. How relevant is the literature to the practical needs of the collection developer? In addressing this question, a theoretical overview of collection development is presented, and recent publications reviewed, in terms of their relevance to collection planning, implementation, and evaluation in the small college library.
For Collection Development Officers: An Introduction to Government Publications
Authors: Zink Steven D.
Published: February 2008

There is very likely a place in your library that is far outside your control as a collection development librarian. From all appearances, the materials in this place are relatively unused, contain a great deal of obsolete or ephemeral material in need of weeding, and worst of all are probably growing in such an unchecked manner that they may outnumber the volumes in your monograph collection. The librarians that work there may even seem a little different—discussing agencies of the federal government with startling familiarity and incomprehensible glee. This place, of course, is your government publications department.
Who Lost Paul Corey?
Authors: Bravard Robert S.
Published: February 2008

Every serious reader is aware of the literary career of Herman Melville: early fame, death in obscurity in 1891, triumphant revival as a, possibly the, major American novelist in the 1920s. More recently, the serious reader learns with some shock that William Kennedy's prize winning Ironweed was turned down by thirteen publishers before finding a publisher. There is the case of John Kennedy Toole; only the fanatic persistence of his mother after his suicide found A Confederacy of Dunces first a publisher and then the Pulitzer Prize. There are a multitude of similar stories.
The Literature of Conservatism
Authors: Bailey Bill
Published: February 2008

The second article of the “Library Bill of Rights” proclaims: “Libraries should provide materials and information presenting all points of view on current and historical issues. Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval.” Keeping this article in mind, have librarians always adhered to it? Cal Thomas, vice president of the Moral Majority, does not think so. In Book Burning (1982), he accuses the liberal establishment of censoring the writings of conservatives. For too long, conservatives have been branded as the arch banners when, in fact, they have faced prohibitive treatment from liberals. Thomas insists that some liberal publishing houses do not want to bring out a work espousing conservative ideals no matter how well‐written it is. Liberal extremist groups pressure publishing houses to reject their manuscripts. Liberal critics dismiss their books in a few sentences or do not review them at all. The large bookstore chains fail to stock their books, therefore depriving the reading public of exposure to them. And Thomas' final regret is that librarians turn a cold shoulder to books by conservatives, excluding them from their collections and, more importantly, from the judgment of history.
Approval Program Timing Study: Baker & Taylor vs Blackwell North America
Authors: Walters Mary D.
Published: February 2008

A study of two approval program dealers was conducted by the Collection Development Department at California State University, Los Angeles. The purpose of the study was to compare the length of time it takes for each dealer to supply current American imprints to the library after publication, using a predetermined set of subject guidelines. While the timeliness of the materials supplied was the primary purpose of the study, other factors, such as number of titles supplied under the same set of subject guidelines, discount, charges for postage and handling, etc., were also considered. Based on these findings, a determination was to be made as to which dealer would supply approval program materials to the library in the future.
The Psychology of Disability—A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Passikoff Penny
Published: February 2008

The intent of this essay is to offer a range of resources on the psychology of disability to the serious researcher in the field. The researcher may be an upper‐college level or graduate student. This individual may be researching for academic purposes, or for personal reasons associated with the disability of himself or herself, or a loved one. Although the individual with a disability can be psychologically or physically disabled, or both, this essay will focus more heavily on the physically disabled.
Coordinated Collection Development in a Multitype Environment: Promise and Challenge
Authors: Fiels Keith Michael
Published: February 2008

Imagine, if you will, that the year 2010 has arrived, and that many of the wonderful things that librarians worked so hard for in the last half of the twentieth century have come to pass. Libraries of all types, large and small, are linked through a network of automated systems, providing total bibliographic access to the holdings of every library. Better still, patrons now receive items in hours or days through a combination of telefacsimile and ultrafast delivery. To the users, each library has become a gateway to all resources held by all libraries, and library information services are “location transparent,” that is, the patron has little awareness of where a piece of information may in fact have come from—it may be from a library across the street or from one across the country.
A Markov Model Applied to the Circulation of Social Science and Literature Books in a Public Library
Authors: Kohut David R.
Published: February 2008

Use studies are often important in making decisions about weeding shelves. Circulation records, combined with measures of inhouse use and with more subjective estimations of the value of books, help determine which books may be discarded or relegated to storage. For example, one can predict—and studies have borne out this prediction—that if a book has not circulated within five years of its acquisition, chances are it will not circulate at all. Such a book may be a good candidate for weeding. The question is whether one can also make predictions about books that are used. Studies have shown that books decline in use as they age. If one can determine the rate of this decline, one may be able to predict when books in use will fall into disuse—and thus become candidates for weeding.
Newspaper Indexing: In Search of a Solution
Authors: Semonche Barbara P.
Published: February 2008

Summon to your imagination, if you will, the following cast: investigative reporters, information‐hungry patrons, and reference librarians. Then, consider their roles in the following scenarios:
Online Collection Evaluation, Course by Course
Authors: Gabriel Michael R.
Published: February 2008

In view of the fact that evaluating library collections is so valuable in learning to what degree they lend support to all phases of curricula, it is surprising that so little attention is paid to evaluation techniques based on library support for individual courses of instruction. Surveying relevant library materials for specific courses is much superior to merely analyzing collection support for academic departments or programs. The first step in the process usually involves assigning call numbers to courses in order to measure the library shelflist and count the number of relevant materials. This is a laborious and sometimes frustrating experience, but not without significant advantages for librarians pursuing such quantitative evaluations.
Words at Work: Chronicling the Democratic Economy Beyond Both Socialism and Capitalism
Authors: Krimerman Len
Published: February 2008

When it comes to social issues, Americans seem enamored of either‐or dichotomies: Republican or Democrat, liberal or conservative, right vs. left. In economic life, this attachment has led to an imagined choice between the poles of (free market) capitalism and (state‐directed) socialism/communism. Either privately owned companies retain control over production and investment or these are placed under the ownership and authority of governmental agencies. Like most such dichotomies, however, this one is neither exclusive nor exhaustive. The poles can be combined in a pluralistic or mixed system (as in most Scandinavian countries). Moreover, there is solid ground outside or beyond both of them on which to construct new economic concepts and arrangements.
Selecting New Right Materials: A Case Study
Authors: Gorman Robert M.
Published: February 2008

In the March 1983 issue of the Moral Majority Report, Jerry Falwell, one of the leaders of the new right movement, leveled a very serious charge at librarians: they are failing to include “conservative” materials in their collections. According to him,
The Genre of the Culinary Classic: The Works of Julia Child
Authors: Kreamer Jean T.
Published: February 2008

Long recognized as the darling of public television, Julia Child, the star of The French Chef, Julia and Company, and Dining with Julia (among other popular programs), is also an author of rare elegance. Collectively, her works constitute a compendium of information on two major areas of culinary interest in the United States: French and American cooking. Julia, as she is affectionately known to her legions of fans, burst on the American publishing horizon in 1961 with the publication by Alfred A. Knopf of Mastering the Art of French Cooking, Vol. I. Along with her coauthors, Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle, Julia became an instant nationally recognized author. What distinguishes Mastering the Art of French Cooking from its antecedents is its thoroughness in scholarship and coverage, underscored by a refreshing, subtle wit. Volume II follows the same format—with the same incomparable results. Julia and her coauthors thoughtfully listed not only ingredients, but all necessary utensils and other batterie de cuisine. Both volumes are illustrated in detailed pen and ink drawings rendered by Paul Child, Julia's husband.
Collection Assessment in the 1980s
Authors: Grover Mark L.
Published: February 2008

A prominent field of research in Library Science during the past thirty years has been collection assessment of college and university libraries. No other subject has received the attention in library literature as has the question of how to evaluate a collection to determine whether it adequately supports the goals, curriculum, and needs of the sponsoring organization. Collection assessment has also attracted more interest from scholars outside the library profession than any other aspect of librarianship. Research in this area should be of value to collection development personnel in all college and university libraries.
Regional Cooperation for Research Collections
Authors: lonesco Medea
Published: February 2008

With the dramatic expansion of information and of library users' need to access that information, cooperative collection development has become an increasingly attractive option. Debate in this area has recently been enriched by the simultaneous publication of articles by Ross Atkinson and David H. Stam. Against a vast background of literature already accumulated, we now have what might be considered a state‐of‐the‐art basis for further discussions.
Alexandria Revisited: Another Look at Space and Growth
Authors: Dowd Sheila
Published: February 2008

A little over a decade ago, a major library problem was formulated in arresting and witty terms. The growth of library collections, and the consequent pressure for growth of library buildings, was the subject of a conference of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest; and the conference, which proved to be seminal to the next decade of managerial thought, proclaimed that we were “Touching Bottom in the Bottomless Pit.” So we bade Farewell to Alexandria—that is, to the purported dream of all libraries, infinite expansion. In the same period the University Grants Committee of Great Britain was studying the same question. They, with the authority of the governmental voice, mandated a fixed size for British university libraries—a “no growth” policy. In the ensuring years, “no growth” has been a policy for some libraries, an uncomfortable physical fact for many others.
Pathfinder: Developing a Male Gay Identity
Authors: Harsin Steven D.
Published: February 2008

Most young men who are homosexual are not raised in an environment in which homosexual development is even recognized, much less encouraged. It is not unusual for men who have recently identified themselves as gay to not have any idea what being gay is all about. It is common, even typical, for the gay male to “come out” during his late teens or early twenties and to begin both exploring his sexuality and developing a sense of what it means to be gay. There are many resources available which will be of great use to the newly “out” gay male. The resources in this guide may also be of interest to other gay men, but the purpose of the pathfinder as it has been constructed is to provide a strategy for:
Toward a Poetics for Collecting Poetry by Women
Authors: Elizabeth Wells Corri
Published: February 2008

To a certain extent the history of women's poetry in America is a tale of confinements,” writes Alicia Ostriker in the opening chapter ofStealing the Language: The Emergence of Women's Poetry in America. I would argue that it is less a tale of confinements than a tale still untold. Ostriker's own book on the topic, for instance, covers the entire period of women's poetry from 1650–1960 in a single chapter.
The Company We Keep: Advisory Service for Youth
Authors: Lundin Anne
Published: February 2008

In the novel, The Member of the Wedding, Carson McCullers probes the American malaise through the longings of a young adolescent girl. Twelve‐year‐old Frankie no longer sees the world as round and inviting as a school globe. No, the world is huge and cracked and turning a thousand miles an hour. Indeed, the world seems separate from herself. In the midst of chaos, Frankie sees her brother's upcoming wedding as a chance to feel connected, to feel that she matters. The story focuses on Frankie's efforts to be a “member of the wedding,” as she recognizes, “they are the we of me.”
Recreational Reading in Academic Browsing Rooms: Resources for Readers' Advisory
Authors: Zauha Janelle M.
Published: February 2008

Browsing rooms are those alluring spaces in the college or university library where the reader may shut out the flood and clamor of information. Here the imagination and personal interests of the reader are nurtured. Today's browsing rooms are vestiges of the 1920s and 1930s, developed in an era when academic libraries vigorously promoted recreational reading interests of students. As repositories of works chosen from the main collection for their ability to uplift, relax, and stimulate the student reader, the browsing collection in the college library of the 1930s was itself the embodiment of readers' advisory, that Cadillac of public library services.
Developing Need‐Based Job and Career Information Services in Public Libraries
Authors: Durrance Joan C.
Published: February 2008

The United States has suffered in recent years through periods of severe recession resulting in the loss of jobs. While libraries are located in most communities in the nation, the majority have not yet made a serious commitment to respond to the needs of job seekers and career changers. A 1990 Gallup survey found that almost two‐thirds of Americans would seek more information about career options if they had the chance to do it over again. Nearly one in four adults found that information was not available when they were making a decision about jobs. The survey found that “an estimated 12.5 million U.S. adults (seven percent of the adult population) needed help last year in selecting, changing or getting a job.” Minorities, people with less than a high school education, and older adults were more likely to have these problems than college graduates.
Some Implications of the Canon Debate for Collection Development
Authors: Quinn Brian
Published: February 2008

Canons have been of interest to librarians dating back to the days when Robert Maynard Hutchins instituted the Great Books program at the University of Chicago. Hutchins did so at the suggestion of the popular philosopher, Mortimer Adler. When Adler later helped to popularize the program with the public, public libraries around the country became the sites for meetings of Great Books discussion groups.
Shakers and Shakerism
Authors: Platt Warren C.
Published: February 2008

Lists and describes the Shakers and Shakerism collection in the General Research Division of the New York Public Library. Covers areas including historical studies, spirituality, material culture and comparative studies with other religious groups. Also points to indexes of scholarly periodicals.
Teachers, Schools and Manager Development
Authors: Fisher Colin M.
Published: February 2008

Two major approaches to manager development in schools are identified. The first provides a tool kit for purposive action; the second is aimed at helping managers cope with the pressures and dilemmas of the job. The need for the sharing and coping style of manager development is traced to the cultural diversity that can exist within schools. Schools, as organisations, are seen within the context of recent work on culture in human service organisations. A framework of manager development which tries to synthesise both approaches within a single perspective is developed.
Adaptability of truly modular software
Authors: Smith I.M.
Published: February 2008

The paper illustrates how software designed and constructed in a truly modular style can rapidly be adapted to exploit new developments in analytical techniques. Given the increasing cost of writing new software, it is argued that this concept has commercial, as well as academic, attractiveness.
A new approach to finite element modelling of flexible rotors
Authors: Geradin M. , Kill N.
Published: February 2008

A 3‐dimensional formalism adapted to critical speed and stability analysis of rotating machinery is presented. Gyroscopic effects are properly taken into account in the expression of the kinetic energy through a proper kinematic description which takes account of the local changes of angular velocity induced by the deformation. Two approaches are suggested according to the respective stiffness and geometric properties of the rotating and fixed parts: the rotating frame approach and the inertial frame approach. In both cases, an axisymmetric finite element modelling of the rotor is proposed which takes into account the 3‐dimensional nature of the system while keeping the number of degrees of freedom to a reasonable level. In order to perform the stability analysis, a preliminary reduction of the system is achieved using the component mode method. Critical speeds are calculated next either by the classical sweeping procedure or by a direct method when the restrictive conditions of its applicability are met. The concepts proposed are then applied to an example in order to demonstrate their adequacy.
DART — a computer program for the design of thin concrete shells of revolution
Authors: Doyle W.S. , Lloyd A.R.
Published: February 2008

The finite element analysis capabilities of DART and the design routines for the computerized design in accordance with CP 110 and BS 5337 are briefly described. The DART program is used to compare some reservoir roof systems including a novel floated dome. Temperature effects on reservoirs can appear to yield severe stresses, but do they? The DART program is used for the design of non‐axisymmetric loaded structures and examples are given of wind loads on water towers and chimneys. A simple procedure has been incorporated into DART to allow for soil—structure interaction. The DART program can print out reinforcing or prestressing requirements. An elementary cost study has been made on reservoir walls to compare the relevant merits of the two methods of design. A facility has been incorporated into the DART program to find the optimum shape of reservoirs and water towers for a given set of construction costs. The Dynamic Programming method has been used for this purpose. Natural frequencies and mode shapes can be determined by the DART program using the Sturm sequence property and inverse iteration respectively.
A continuum mechanics based four‐node shell element for general non‐linear analysis
Authors: Dvorkin Eduardo N. , Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen
Published: February 2008

A new four‐node (non‐flat) general quadrilateral shell element for geometric and material non‐linear analysis is presented. The element is formulated using three‐dimensional continuum mechanics theory and it is applicable to the analysis of thin and thick shells. The formulation of the element and the solutions to various test and demonstrative example problems are presented and discussed.
Implications of nodal valency and of redundancy ratio
Authors: Irons Bruce M.
Published: February 2008

Engineering Computations is aimed primarily at users of finite elements. Therefore, speculations of certain kinds — especially those based on experience, which often lead to ‘rules of thumb’ that cannot be justified convincingly by existing theory — should be acceptable; this is fortunate, for such useful material will continue to be excluded from the more formal, academic journals.
Professional workstations
Authors: Felippa Carlos A.
Published: February 2008

Professional workstations are dedicated computers that possess sufficient hardware power and software capabilities to allow the routine performance of job‐related activities by professional users. The advent of these computers reflects current trends in decentralization and specialization of computer equipment. The paper presents an informal review of classes of workstations of potential interest to engineers and scientists. The review was motivated by projected computing needs in a software‐intensive research‐and‐development industrial laboratory.
A simple triangular curved shell element
Authors: Stolarski H. , Belytschko T. , Carpenter N. , Kennedy J.M.
Published: February 2008

A simple triangular shell element which incorporates the effects of coupling between membrane and flexural behaviour and avoids membrane locking is described. The element uses a discrete Kirchhoff bending formulation and a constant strain membrane element. For the purpose of permitting inextensional modes and thus avoiding membrane locking, a decomposition technique, which can also be viewed as a strain projection method, is used. The method is illustrated first for a beam element and then for a triangular shell element. Results are presented for a variety of linear static problems to illustrate its accuracy and some highly non‐linear problems to indicate its applicability to collapse analysis.
A simple but effective method to produce colour FEM result presentations
Authors: Stelzer J.F.
Published: February 2008

Today, many computer screens offer colour. It is easy to take advantage of this when working with isoparametric elements. It is shown how to adjust suited colours to element subfields using the shape functions. Some examples demonstrate the superiority of the colour result representation to, for example, the application of contour lines. The colours transmit an immediate, rather sensitive feeling of temperature or stress distributions in a structure.
Linear elastic and non‐linear elastoplastic plate bending analysis using a mixed Galerkin finite element technique
Authors: Kwon Y.W. , Akin J.E.
Published: February 2008

The mixed finite element formulation using the Galerkin method is developed for the small deflection of a plate. This equation requires only linear shape functions to give compatibility. Furthermore only two degrees of freedom per node are needed. Hence, the formulated equation has several advantages compared with other methods.
Finite element analysis of plate systems: 1. Hybrid—mixed finite elements
Authors: Vayas I.
Published: February 2008

The analysis of plate systems (Figure 1) with mixed finite elements is limited to geometric smooth partial systems (Figure 1a) with continuous strains and stresses. This is due to the independent approximation of the parameters of the local generalized displacements (displacements, slopes) and generalized stresses (stress resultants at the cross‐section) in the nodes of the partial systems (Figure 1c). Owing to the simultaneous approximation, an additional static constraint of the generalized stresses, apart from the kinematic constraint of the displacements which is usual in the finite element methods, is needed at the assembly, so that discontinuities of the stresses resulting from the equilibrium conditions cannot be determined.
Transient large strain analysis of plane and axisymmetric structures by means of biquadratic finite elements
Authors: Halleux J.P. , Casadei F.
Published: February 2008

A finite element procedure is presented for refined transient analysis of two‐dimensional (plane or axisymmetric) non‐linear structures involving arbitrarily large displacements, rotations and strains. The finite element model is based on the biquadratic nine‐node element of the Lagrange family. The relevant points pertaining to the equations of motion and their integration and to the spatial description, including geometrical and material non‐linearities, are considered. In particular, stress and strain rates are discussed. Finally, significant numerical applications show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Large deflection formulations of a simple beam element including shear deformations
Authors: Haefner Lothar , Willam Kaspar J.
Published: February 2008

A simple beam element is developed for the solution of large deflection problems. The total Lagrangian formulation is based on the kinematic relations proposed by Reissner for finite rotations and stretching as well as shearing of plane beams. The motion is discretized by linear expansions of the global displacement components and the cross‐sectional rotation in two‐dimensional Euclidean space yielding a simple beam element with three degrees of freedom at the two nodes. The shear locking is reduced by selective integration in order to eliminate the spurious shear constraint similar to interdependent variable interpolation. The large rotation formulation is compared with two forms of moderate rotation theories which have been used in the past to develop the geometric stiffness properties for linear stability analysis of the so‐called Mindlin plate elements. The predictive value of different geometric stiffness approximations is assessed with several examples which range from the static and kinetic stability analysis of the classical Euler‐column to the large deflection problem of a clamped beam.
A nine node Lagrangian Mindlin plate element with enhanced shear interpolation
Authors: Huang H.C. , Hinton E.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents an improved nine node Mindlin plate element. An enhanced interpolation of the transverse shear strains is used in this formulation of the new element which has the requisite number of zero energy modes, does not lock and passes the appropriate patch tests exactly. Some examples are included to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed element. The new 9‐node element is compared with the Lagrangian and heterosis elements and the general performance of the new element is much better than the other quadratic elements especially for shear force distributions.
A method for the prediction of Coriolis induced secondary flows and their influence on heat transfer in rotating ducts
Authors: Taylor C. , Rance J. , Medwell J.O.
Published: February 2008

A method is presented for the determination of heat transfer rates in cylindrical cooling ducts which rotate about an axis orthogonal to its own axis of symmetry. The equations of motion and energy are solved in conjunction with the two equation model of turbulence (k—ε) using the finite element method. The importance of employing consistent velocity and turbulence quantities is demonstrated; the former condition is particularly relevant with respect to induced secondary flows. It was also found that comparatively minor mesh refinement had a significant effect on both the flow and the increase in heat transfer rates over those obtained for the non‐rotating case.
Non‐linear static and dynamic response analysis for floating offshore structures
Authors: Bergan Pál G. , Mollestad Egil , Sandsmark Nils
Published: February 2008

A method for non‐linear static and dynamic analysis of flexible systems submerged in water is outlined. The systems considered here include cable and beam elements, as well as buoys and clump weights. Contact and lift‐off between members and the sea floor is also accounted for. The formulation used allows for very large deformations and material non‐linearities. Hydrostatic buoyancy and hydrodynamic drag forces are considered throughout the analyses. These capabilities have been implemented in the general purpose non‐linear finite element program FENRIS. Aspects concerning efficient solution of the non‐linear static and dynamic equations are discussed. In particular, an efficient start‐up procedure for analysis of highly flexible systems is described. The paper shows applications involving static and dynamic analysis of a floating structure kept in place by six mooring lines and a flexible riser system.