bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Effect of Chiral Small Molecules in SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine‐Induced Immune Response
Authors: Zhou Zhengmiao , Zhang Yufang , Ji Honghan , Jin Yu , Chen Sisi , Duan Pengfei , Liu Ye
Published: May 2023

Although numerous chiral small molecules have been discovered and synthesized, the investigation on their enantioselective immunological effects remains limited. In this study, we designed and synthesized a pair of small molecule enantiomers (R/S‐ResP) by covalently bonding two immunostimulators (resiquimod/Res) onto a planar chiral framework (paracyclophane/P). Notably, we found that S‐ResP exhibits a 4.05‐fold higher affinity for toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) than R‐ResP, thereby more effectively enhancing the functions of dendritic cells and macrophages in cytokine secretion and antigen internalization. Furthermore, we observed that S‐ResP significantly enhances RBD antigen‐induced cross‐neutralization against various SARS‐CoV‐2 strains compared to R‐ResP. These findings demonstrate the enantioselective effects of small molecules on regulating vaccine‐induced immune responses and emphasize the significance of chirality in designing small molecular adjuvants.
Controlled Grafting Expansion Microscopy
Authors: Thielhorn Ria , Heing‐Becker Isabelle , Hümpfer Nadja , Rentsch Jakob , Haag Rainer , Licha Kai , Ewers Helge
Published: May 2023

Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed technique that allows for the resolution of structures below the diffraction limit by physically enlarging a hydrogel‐embedded facsimile of the biological sample. The target structure is labeled and this label must be retained in a relative position true to the original, smaller state before expansion by linking it into the gel. However, gel formation and digestion lead to a significant loss in target‐delivered label, resulting in weak signal. To overcome this problem, we have here developed an agent combining targeting, fluorescent labeling and gel linkage in a single small molecule. Similar approaches in the past have still suffered from significant loss of label. Here we show that this loss is due to insufficient surface grafting of fluorophores into the hydrogel and develop a solution by increasing the amount of target‐bound monomers. Overall, we obtain a significant improvement in fluorescence signal retention and our new dye allows the resolution of nuclear pores as ring‐like structures, similar to STED microscopy. We furthermore provide mechanistic insight into dye retention in ExM.
An ortho‐Quinone Methide Mediates Disulfide Migration in the Biosynthesis of Epidithiodiketopiperazines
Authors: Fan Jie , Ran Huomiao , Wei Peng‐Lin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Huan , Li Shu‐Ming , Yin Wen‐Bing
Published: May 2023

The transannular disulfide functions as a key structural element imparting diverse biological activities to epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs). Although mechanisms were proposed in previous studies, α,β′‐disulfide formation in ETPs is not well‐determined owing to the failure to identify the hypothetical intermediate. Herein, we characterize the key ortho‐quinone methide (o‐QM) intermediate and prove its involvement in the carbon‐sulfur migration from an α,α′‐ to an α,β′‐disulfide by elucidating pretrichodermamide A biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by a FAD‐dependent thioredoxin oxygenase TdaE harboring a noncanonical CXXQ motif. Biochemical investigations of recombinant TdaE and mutants demonstrated that the construction of the α,β′‐disulfide was initiated by Gln140 triggering proton abstraction for generation of the essential o‐QM intermediate, accompanied by β′‐acetoxy elimination. Subsequent attack on the α,α′‐disulfide by Cys137 led to disulfide migration and spirofuran formation. This study expands the biocatalytic toolbox for transannular disulfide formation and sets the stage for the targeted discovery of bioactive ETPs.
Enhanced CO Adsorption by Modulating the Electron Density Distribution of Graphite‐Copper Porphyrin Sorbents with Light
Authors: Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Yong‐Lan , Lu Xiao‐Jie , Zhao Yun‐Jie , Li Jia‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: May 2023

The photo‐responsive adsorption has emerged as a vibrant area, but its current methodology is limited by the well‐defined photochromic units and their molecular deformation driven by photo‐stimuli. Herein, a methodology of nondeforming photo‐responsiveness is successfully exploited. With the exploiting agent of Cu‐TCPP framework assembled on the graphite and strongly interacted with it, the sorbent generates two kinds of adsorption sites, over which the electron density distribution of the graphite layer can be modulated at the c‐axis direction, which can further evolve due to photo‐stimulated excited states. The excited states are stable enough to meet the timescale of microscopic adsorption equilibrium. Independent of the ultra‐low specific surface area of the sorbent (20 m2 g−1), the CO adsorption capability can be improved from 0.50 mmol g−1 at the ground state to 1.24 mmol g−1 (0 °C, 1 bar) with the visible light radiation, rather than the photothermal desorption.
A Supported Catalyst that Enables the Synthesis of Colorless CO2‐Polyols with Ultra‐Low Molecular Weight
Authors: Kuang Qingxian , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhou Zhenzhen , Liao Can , Liu Shunjie , Chen Xuesi , Wang Xianhong
Published: May 2023

Ultra‐low molecular weight (ULMW) CO2‐polyols with well‐defined hydroxyl end groups represent useful soft segments for the preparation of high‐performance polyurethane foams. However, owing to the poor proton tolerance of catalysts towards CO2/epoxide telomerization, it remains challenging to synthesize ULMW yet colorless CO2‐polyols. Herein, we propose an immobilization strategy of constructing supported catalysts by chemical anchoring of aluminum porphyrin on Merrifield resin. The resulting supported catalyst displays both extremely high proton tolerance (≈8000 times the equivalents of metal centers) and independence of cocatalyst, affording CO2‐polyols with ULMW (580 g mol−1) and high polymer selectivity (>99 %). Moreover, the ULMW CO2‐polyols with various architectures (tri‐, quadra‐, and hexa‐arm) can be obtained, suggesting the wide proton universality of supported catalysts. Notably, benefiting from the heterogeneous nature of the supported catalyst, colorless products can be facilely achieved by simple filtration. The present strategy provides a platform for the synthesis of colorless ULMW polyols derived from not only CO2/epoxides, but also lactone, anhydrides etc. or their combinations.
Tin(II)‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Enabling Efficient, Selective Reduction of CO2 to Formate under Visible Light
Authors: Kamakura Yoshinobu , Suppaso Chomponoot , Yamamoto Issei , Mizuochi Ryusuke , Asai Yusuke , Motohashi Teruki , Tanaka Daisuke , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: May 2023

Certain metal complexes are known as high‐performance CO2 reduction photocatalysts driven by visible light. However, most of them rely on rare, precious metals as principal components, and integrating the functions of light absorption and catalysis into a single molecular unit based on abundant metals remains a challenge. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which can be regarded as intermediate compounds between molecules and inorganic solids, are potential platforms for the construction of a simple photocatalytic system composed only of Earth‐abundant nontoxic elements. In this work, we report that a tin‐based MOF enables the conversion of CO2 into formic acid with a record high apparent quantum yield (9.8 % at 400 nm) and >99 % selectivity without the need for any additional photosensitizer or catalyst. This work highlights a new MOF with strong potential for photocatalytic CO2 reduction driven by solar energy.
Anthocyanin‐loaded bacterial cellulose nanofiber as a green sensor for monitoring the selective naked eye and visual detection of Al(III) Ions
Authors: Arghavani Sima , Mohseni‐Shahri Fatemeh S. , Moeinpour Farid
Published: May 2023

The present study developed a green metallochromic sensor that detects aluminium (Al(III)) ions in solution and solid state using anthocyanin extract from purple onion peels embedded in bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs). The CIE Lab colour parameters demonstrated that Al(III) binding causes a sensible change in colour. A variety of metal ions including K+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ were used to challenge the sensor to determine its selectivity. The findings demonstrated that the suggested sensor showed excellent selectivity toward Al(III) ion. Al(III) is quantitatively detected by the sensing method with detection limits in the range between 30–200 and 20–300 ppm in solution and solid state, respectively, and through observation with naked eye. The fabricated green metallochromic sensor is promising to be a simple, cheap, mobile and easily operable for real‐time and on‐site detection of Al(III) ions in food matrices.
New mixed‐ligand thioether‐quinoline complexes of nickel(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II): Synthesis, structural elucidation, density functional theory, antimicrobial activity, and molecular docking exploration
Authors: Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Khalaf Mai M. , Kandeel Mahmoud , Amer Amer A. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Abdou Aly
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of the current work is the design and synthesis of new Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) mixed‐ligand complexes derived from simple and easily synthesized azo‐ligand, [2‐(phenylthio)phenyl]diazenyl}‐2‐naphthol (HTe), with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HQ) to improve and understanding their action as an antimicrobial candidate and their therapeutic efficiency with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking studies, which considered a hot topic of research. To access this target, and to explore the effect of changing metal ion type, the new Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) mixed‐ligand complexes were firstly synthesized and characterized via elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), mass spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and stoichiometry analysis molar ratio method. Upon further inspection, the octahedral structures of the isolated metal complexes were found. The compounds' molecular structures were optimized using the DFT technique, and the quantum chemical parameters were evaluated. To determine whether or not these compounds are effective in preventing the spread of harmful bacteria and fungi, two of the most common environmental pollutants in the Arab world, a disc diffusion test was conducted. The prepared complexes were much more efficient against bacteria than the pristine ligands. Molecular docking experiments helped researchers learn which medicines inhibited the 1fj4 protein. All other tested compounds were found to have lower binding affinities than CuTeQ. This suggests that these compounds have the potential as starting points for the production of new classes of antibiotics. Finally, a correlation of the in vitro activity with the DFT and molecular docking data has been done and discussed.
Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber membranes loaded with oxygenated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic bacteriostasis
Authors: Bai Xuemei , Song Tingting , Luan Jingmin , Chen Meijuan , Yu Jianxiang , Tian Huafeng
Published: May 2023

The visible light catalytic antibacterial nanofiber membranes as a novel functional material were designed to solve the problem of bacterial infection and water pollution. In this work, oxygenated graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (O‐g‐C3N4) with 12% oxygen content were synthesized through thermal polycondensation followed by chemical oxidation. Exfoliation and dispersion of O‐g‐C3N4 were strongly enhanced compared to pristine g‐C3N4 due to rich hydrophilic carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The amount of ROS generated by O‐g‐C3N4 was about 13.8% more than that of g‐C3N4. Then, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/O‐g‐C3N4 (PCO) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The contact angle of the PCO nanofiber membranes decreased from 55.0° ± 0.5 to 45.9° ± 0.2 along with the increased amount of O‐g‐C3N4, indicating the improvement of hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the diameter of nanofibers increased from 148.0 ± 22.9 nm to 244.0 ± 52.3 nm with the loading ratio from 0% to 17%. The PCO nanofiber membranes exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the blank nanofiber membranes and bare O‐g‐C3N4. The maximum diameter of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 26 ± 0.1 mm and 16 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The inhibition rate against E. coli could reach 97% in 24 h under the irradiation of simulated sunlight. Based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing, zeta potential, and bacterial inhibition experiments, a possible synergistic mechanism was proposed. The electrostatic adsorption effect of PCO nanofiber membranes and ROS could effectively decompose the organic components of bacteria and destroy their structural integrity. The results indicated that the antibacterial PCO composite nanofiber membranes have wide application prospects in biomedical‐related fields.
Differences in the Optical Response of MSU and CPP Crystals During Magnetic Orientation: Possibility of Diagnosing Gout and Pseudogout
Authors: Takeuchi Yuka , Yoshikawa Ryotaro , Mitsui Yoshifuru , Iwasaka Masakazu , Matsuda Mizushi , Hamasaki Atom
Published: May 2023

Pseudogout is crystalline arthritis. It has a similar clinical picture to that of gout, and it is difficult to distinguish the two diseases using conventional analysis methods. However, it is important to identify the different crystals responsible for these two cases because the treatment strategies are different. In a previous study, we reported magnetic orientation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are the causative agent of gout, at the permanent magnet level. In this study, we investigated the effect of an applied magnetic field on calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals, which are the causative agent of pseudogout, and the difference in the magnetic responses of CPP and MSU crystals. We found that the CPP crystals were oriented in a magnetic field on milli‐Tesla order because of the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility. In addition, the CPP crystals exhibited different anisotropic magnetic properties from those of MSU crystals, which led to a characteristic difference between the orientations of the two crystals. That is, we found that the causative agents of gout and pseudogout responded differently to a magnetic field. This report suggests that the discrimination between CPP and MSU by optical measurements is possible by application of magnetic fields appropriately. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte therapy: Clinical aspects and future developments in this breakthrough cancer treatment
Authors: Lee Hyun , Kim Kwanghee , Chung Jiwon , Hossain Mofazzal , Lee Hee Jin
Published: May 2023

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising approach for treating refractory or advanced solid cancers by using autologous TILs harvested from cancer tissues. Despite the heterogeneity of cancer, TIL therapy can potentially produce a positive therapeutic response, including complete remission.

After decades of research on lymphocyte functions, culture/expansion methods, therapeutic protocols, and multiple clinical trials, TIL therapy has finally reached a stage where it can be formally approved for clinical use.

TIL therapy is expected to hold a unique position among anti‐cancer therapeutic options as a standard intervention. To successfully introduce TIL therapy into clinical settings, there is a need to expand therapeutic indications and set up the best protocols for cancer tissue sampling and manufacturing, and related clinical trials. Moreover, studies on next‐generation TIL therapy have already begun, and post‐approval real‐world data will promote and support further research.
What do we know about the intersection of being blind and being Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand? Taking an applied community psychology approach to a systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Graham Rebekah , Masters‐Awatere Bridgette , Cowan Chrissie
Published: May 2023

Self‐determination and dignity are guaranteed rights for disabled persons under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, such rights have been slow to eventuate for Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). This paper brings together systematic fashion publications that currently exist regarding blindness and Māori, centring throughout Māori understandings of disability and blindness. We employed a structured approach alongside PRISMA protocols and reflexive dialogue. Included publications were quantitative data reviews, surveys, qualitative studies, literature reviews and works of fiction. For our analysis, we formulated a matrix that drew from Kaupapa Māori, applied community psychology and disability rights literature. This meant we made explicit where research practices included—and excluded—self‐determination, democratic participation and inclusion of both disabled and Māori. Our review highlights inconsistency across disciplines regarding self‐determination and democratic participation by both Māori and disabled key stakeholders. Our approach can be utilised across disciplines as a tool for considering the ways in which researchers uphold Indigenous self‐determination, disability rights and data sovereignty. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Influence of Chirality of Benzimidazole Amine Hybrids on Inhibition of Human Erythrocytes Carbonic Anhydrase I, II and Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Tunç Turgay , Abdurrahmanoğlu Suzan , Günel Aslıhan , Alım Zuhal , Demirel Nadir
Published: May 2023

Novel chiral benzimidazole amine hybrids (4a–4d) were synthesized from commercially available amine [(R)‐ (+)‐phenylethylamine, (−) (S)‐(‐)‐phenylethylamine, (−) (R)‐(‐)‐cyclohexylethylamine, (S)‐(+)‐cyclohexylethylamine] and 2‐(chloromethyl)‐N‐tosyl‐1H‐benzimidazole. The synthesized compounds (4a–4d) were characterized by IR, NMR, and LC/MS analysis. The inhibitory effect of 4a–4d on human erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase I (hCA‐I), II (hCA‐II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was investigated. For hCA‐I, the IC50 values of 4a–4d were found to be 4.895 μM, 1.750 μM, 0.173 μM, and 0.620 μM, respectively, and for hCA‐II, the IC50 values of 4a–4d were found to be 0.469 μM, 0.380 μM, 0.233 μM, 0.635 μM, respectively. Furthermore, IC50 values of 4a–4d on AChE were found as 87.5 nM, 100 nM, 26.92 nM, and 100 nM, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the affinity of 4a–4d against hCA‐I, hCA‐II, and AChE and explain their binding interactions.
Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Selected Plant Species from Cloud Forest of Veracruz, Mexico: A Contribution to the Search of Novel Control Agents against Ambrosia Pest Complexes
Authors: Guerrero‐Analco José A. , Murrieta‐León Diana L. , Licona‐Velazquez Stefany , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan L. , Ibarra‐Juárez Luis A. , Hernández‐Cervantes Guadalupe , Ramírez‐Vázquez Mónica , Carmona‐Hernández Oscar , Lozada‐García José A. , Pucheta‐Fiscal Efraín , León‐Wilchez Yeli Y. , Martínez‐Viveros José A. , Valencia‐Mejía Erika
Published: May 2023

The antifungal and insecticidal activities of 34 extracts from 27 plant species were evaluated against fungal phytopathogens of the genus Fusarium and Xyleborus Scolytine ambrosia beetles involved in Fusarium dieback (FD) and laurel wilt (LW) diseases. Sixteen extracts caused mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) above 23 % at 2 mg mL−1 against F. solani, those from S. nudum and M. argyrophylla exhibited the highest MGI (57 % and 49 %, respectively). Thirteen extracts displayed significant antifungal activity against F. kuroshium, those from C. nocturnum and M. argyrophylla exhibited the highest MGI (100 % and 54.9 %, respectively). Additionally, ten plants extracts caused mortality in at least one of the beetle species tested, mainly from Solanaceae species. In the most active species, 39 phenolics were identified that may have contributed to their biological effects. This study is one of the first to report the potential of plant‐derived natural products against the causative agents of FD and LW.
Synergistic Visible Light Photocatalysis with Organocatalysis
Authors: Shen Jia‐Hao , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the strategy of merging visible light photocatalysis and organocatalysis has been utilized and applied in a wide range of reactions. Taking advantage of synergistic visible light photocatalysis with organocatalysis, remarkable progress has recently been achieved in modern chemical synthesis. In these dual catalytic systems, photocatalysts or photosensitizers absorb visible light to induce their photo‐excited states which can activate unreactive substrates via electron or energy transfer mechanisms, and organocatalysts are usually employed to control the chemical reactivities of the other substrates. This review mainly focuses on the recent development of cooperative catalysis by the combination of organocatalysis and photocatalysis in recent organic synthesis.
Energieversorgung 20XX und Wasserstoff
Authors: Synwoldt Christian
Published: May 2023

Die Dekarbonisierung aller Wirtschafts‐ und Lebensbereiche erfordert eine tiefgreifende Transformation der Energieversorgung und auch von industriellen Prozessen. Wasserstoff wird hier Sekundärenergieträger (“veredelter Strom”), zur Vermeidung Prozess‐bedingter THG‐Emissionen in Grundstoffindustrien und auch als Gegenpol zu einer fluktuierenden Stromerzeugung eingesetzt werden.
Datentransparenz in der Wasserstoffwertschöpfung
Authors: Nunez Douglas
Published: May 2023

Grüner Wasserstoff ist essenziell, um die Energiewende zu schaffen und die Klimaziele zu erreichen. Damit Unternehmen den nachhaltigen Energieträger ideal nutzen können, benötigen sie einen transparenten Einblick in die Daten ihrer Wertschöpfungskette.
Automatisierung einer Gasdruckregel‐ und Messanlage
Authors: Landgraf Evelyn
Published: May 2023

Die Aufgabe einer Gasdruckregel‐ und Messanlage (GDRMA) besteht darin, zwei Leitungsnetze miteinander zu verbinden und die Ventile je nach Bedarf zu öffnen und zu schließen. Die Automatisierung einer solchen Anlage ist anspruchsvoll. Rösberg zeigt, warum hier der Einsatz einer Prozessleittechnik gerechtfertigt ist und der erhöhte Aufwand zu Beginn des Projekts sich schnell amortisiert.
Polyamid statt Phenolharz
Authors: Bachmann Alexander
Published: May 2023

Filterkerzen aus Phenolharz waren lange Zeit Standard für die Homogenisierung eines Aminkondensats, das in Beschichtungen eingesetzt wird. Der Hersteller Levaco sah sich jedoch zum Umdenken aufgefordert und setzt nun Filterkerzen aus Polyamid ein. Der Hersteller Eaton liefert dafür die Loftrex Nylon‐Filterkerzen.
Building Information Modeling in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2023

Building Information Modeling (BIM) in der Prozessindustrie war das zentrale Thema des VDI‐GVC Regionalgruppentreffens Rhein‐Main‐Neckar am 5. März 2023. Antworten auf die Frage “BIM in der Prozessindustrie – Quo vadis?” gaben die Referenten von Merck, BASF und Evonik mit Vorträgen über BIM‐Anwendungen in der Praxis der Chemieindustrie – vom Bau neuer Anlagen bis zur Erstellung des digitalen Zwilling von Bestandsanlagen, wobei die große Vorteile von BIM im Betrieb und in der Instandhaltung liegen.
Fernüberwachung des Ventilzustands
Authors: Anroedh Keshwar
Published: May 2023

Nicht in allen Anlagen wird das volle Potenzial der Diagnosefunktion von Stellungsreglern ausgeschöpft. Mit einer Fernüberwachung durch externe Dienstleister lassen sich die verfügbare Betriebszeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Anlage verbessern und Wartungskosten reduzieren. Die Analyse der Diagnosedaten von Ventilen erlaubt eine zuverlässige vorausschauende und kostensparende Wartung.
Maschinenausfälle entdecken bevor sie auftreten
Authors: Weidle Dominique
Published: May 2023

Via Fernzugriff können Nutzer von vollautomatischen Aquachem‐Filterpressen nun ihre Prozesse einfach und von überall einsehen sowie Prozessdaten messen und diese auswerten. Die cloudbasierte Lösung ist eine Kombination aus Onlineprozessüberwachungs‐, Wartungs‐, Bericht‐ und Analyse‐Tool mit dem Produktionsprozesse optimiert und Betriebsstörungen reduziert werden können.
Software sorgt für Sicherheit und Effizienz
Authors: Graf‐Sauer Jasmin
Published: May 2023

Der Industriedienstleister Infraserv Höchst investiert kontinuierlich in die Logistik‐Infrastruktur und hat für rund 35 Mio. EUR in Höchst ein neues Gefahrstofflager errichtet und mit einem modernen Datenmanagement ausgestattet.
Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffdämpfen
Authors: Sievers Sven
Published: May 2023

Die Arbeit mit Gefahrstoffen ist in vielen Industrieunternehmen alltäglich. Testen, Trennen, Kleben, Synthetisieren sind nur einige der zahlreichen Tätigkeiten, bei denen Chemikalien zum Einsatz kommen. Die notwendigen Gefahrstoffe müssen sicher und bestenfalls direkt am Arbeitsplatz aufbewahrt werden. Die Lagerung erfolgt deshalb gesetzeskonform in brandgeschützten Sicherheitsschränken.

Sicherheitsschränke. Um einen sicheren Explosionsschutz zu gewährleisten, sollten sie technisch entlüftet werden. Als kostengünstige und flexible Lösung haben sich steckerfertige Umluftfilteraufsätze in der Praxis bewährt.
ffizientere Dampferzeugung
Authors: Egginton Nigel
Published: May 2023

In der Prozessindustrie besteht eine effiziente und einfache Möglichkeit zum Energiesparen in der Optimierung von Dampferzeugern mit modernen Kondensatableitern. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Kondensatableitern leitet der Venturidüsen‐Kondensatableiter kontinuierlich ab und nicht in Intervallen. Das Dampfsystems ist damit effizienter und weniger störanfällig.
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanosheets for Sustainable Removal of Pharmaceutical Contaminants from Water: Kinetics and ANFIS Modeling
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Dubey Monika , Chakrabarti Sandip , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Bhatnagar Amit , Nigam Subhasha , Joshi Monika
Published: May 2023

In this work, nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets (NGS) were synthesized to remove diclofenac sodium (DFS) from water. The NGS exhibited 99.8 % removal efficiency, adsorption capacity of 278 mg g−1 for DFS within 30 min, and excellent reusability up to 5 cycles of adsorption. The experimental data fit well with pseudo‐second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FTIR studies revealed that the carboxylic group, triazine group, graphitic‐N, and pyridinic‐N groups were involved in the adsorption of DFS. The adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was modeled for accurate prediction of optimizing parameters for the maximum adsorptive removal (%) of DFS by NGS. A subsequent cytotoxicity assay of NGS on a green alga Chlamydomonas sp. signified non‐toxic nature. This study suggests NGS to be a promising economic adsorbent for water remediation in resource‐poor environments to fulfill “UN‐Sustainable Development Goal‐ 6”.
Harris hawk optimization trained artificial neural network for anomaly based intrusion detection system
Authors: Narengbam Lenin , Dey Shouvik
Published: May 2023

An integral part of security infrastructure is detecting and identifying malicious attacks commonly found in network environments. Despite its effectiveness at identifying anomalous network behaviors, an intrusion detection system (IDS) still has a low detection rate and a high rate of false alarms. This study proposes a novel effective anomaly IDS by integrating bio‐inspired optimization techniques, Harris hawk optimization (HHO), and an artificial neural network (ANN), called HHO‐ANN. Several experiments were conducted with other methods to verify the performance and capabilities of the proposed technique. The AWID, CIDDS001, NSL‐KDD, and NSL‐KDD datasets were used to benchmark the performance of the proposed method. Popular evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, moth‐flame optimization, and locust swarm optimization based on ANN trainer, were implemented to validate the result. Comparison with existing methods in the literature reveals that the proposed method offers more accuracy. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method has excellent speed convergence and a high‐reliability level due to a lower risk of getting stuck in the local minima region. The proposed method achieved accuracy of 96.71%, 98.03%, 98.25%, and 97.95% for AWID, CIDDS‐001, NSL‐KDD, and UNSW‐NB15, respectively.
A robust malware traffic classifier to combat security breaches in industry 4.0 applications
Authors: Mangayarkarasi R. , Vanmathi C. , Ravi Vinayakumar
Published: May 2023

Industry 4.0 integrates cyber systems, physical devices, and digital networks to automate the industrial process. Many sectors aim to adopt the best practices outlined in Industry 4.0. This indicates well for the future networking of an increasing number of devices. As crucial as intelligent automation is, it is essential that it be protected. The proliferation of Internet‐enabled gadgets could raise vulnerability to a variety of threats, malware among them. Intruders see a synthesis of factors as a chance to carry out their malicious plan. Keeping sensitive data and information protected from malicious software is a high responsibility for all industries. It is critical to have both a trustworthy approach and a large dataset to work with when constructing a malware traffic classifier. Malware's capacity to elude detection by antivirus programs improves with the day. Because this malware has the potential to compromise the entire network, establishing a malware traffic classifier requires a strong approach. As the number of data increases, the classifier has a harder time distinguishing between benign and malicious network entries. As a result, weighing too many factors is a time‐consuming process. To assist with these types of real‐world challenges, we construct an effective hybrid selection component, which is subsequently followed by a neural network classifier in this research. The Malware traffic classifier provided here selects the principal feature using filter and wrapper techniques. The feature columns provided by the feature selection program are used to construct a neural network‐based binary malware classifier. The given malware traffic classification framework was tested using the MTA‐KDD'19 dataset. We set up an experiment in this investigation to examine the way different feature counts perform using a neural‐based classifier. The suggested framework achieves 96.8% accuracy while just considering the bare minimum of five features, which is a substantial increase over alternative methods.
Psychometric properties and psychological correlates of the COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Seydavi Mohammad , Babaeifard Maryam , Firoozabadi Mahsa Akbarian , Nikčević Ana V. , Spada Marcantonio M.
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has led to the demise of millions of people worldwide; additionally, it has resulted in a significant economic and mental health burden. Since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, various measures have been constructed to evaluate pandemic‐related fear and anxiety. The COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS) is a promising measure that assesses coping strategies (e.g., avoidance, checking, worrying and threat monitoring), termed ‘COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome’, in response to COVID‐19 fear and anxiety. The measure has been broadly welcomed, leading to its use in Brazil (Portuguese), China, Greece, Indonesia, the Philippines, Iran (Farsi), Italy, Saudi Arabia (Arabic), Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. To gain a better understanding of the relevance of the COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to explore the psychological correlates and psychometric properties of the C‐19ASS. Through the analysis of a total of 17,789 individuals (age range 19–70; female = 33%–85%), the C‐19ASS demonstrated a consistent factor structure, measurement invariance across gender and acceptable reliabilities. Furthermore, a significant association with COVID‐19 anxiety, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, health anxiety, psychological distress and functional impairment (work and social adjustment) during the COVID‐19 pandemic was observed. When considering the Big Five personality traits, the C‐19ASS and its subscales were only significantly and negatively associated with extraversion; only the total score on the measure was associated with neuroticism. The observed effect sizes ranged from very small to medium. Given that all included studies (K = 24) were cross‐sectional, and due to the nature of the COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome, which may well persist after the pandemic ends, it is recommended to continue screening society for the persistence of this syndrome.
Liquid platelet‐rich fibrin in root surface biomodification during gingival recession treatment: Randomized, controlled, split‐mouth, clinical trial
Authors: Albatal Wajeha , Qasem Tarek , Tolibah Yasser Alsayed
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective

Free gingival graft (FGG) has been successfully used in the treatment of gingival recessions, as it is the most predictable technique for increasing the attached gingiva. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) with FGG on root surface coverage as root surface biomodification.

Materials and Methods

The research sample consisted of 32 surgical sites in 16 patients, they had 2 bilateral recessions in the incisor area of the same dental arch, the sample was divided into 2 groups randomly, and liquid PRF was applied in the first group with the FGG (experimental group), and in the second group the FGG was applied alone (control group). Gingival recession depth (RD) and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were measured before starting, after 1, 3, and 6 months. The percentage of root coverage (RC) was calculated after 6 months. Healing Index (HI) was recorded after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month.

Results

Both groups showed a reduction in gingival RD during all follow‐up periods but the difference between both groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) at 1 and 3 months, whereas there were significant differences at 6 months (p = 0.001). RC was better in the liquid PRF group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The postoperative 7th and 14th days HI scores of the liquid PRF group were significantly better than the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.004, respectively), whereas there were no significant differences in HI scores between both groups at first month (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

According to the results, the addition of liquid PRF to the root surface with FGG showed further development in terms of decreasing RD, increasing WAG, and accelerated wound‐healing.
Reconstruction of CoNx/NC Catalyst during Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Fe3+ Modulation for Enhanced Activity and Stability**
Authors: Xie Junliang , Wang Siyuan , Luo Haopeng , Tan Ling , Yu Zhonghao , Yu Yalin , Liu Yun , Jiang Fang , Chen Huan
Published: May 2023

The surface reconstruction of transition metal‐based catalysts has been demonstrated to be beneficial for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, regulating the activity and stability of the components derived from reconstruction is challenging. Here, a strategy of Fe3+ ion modulating the reconstruction components of CoN0.4 on a nitrogen‐doped carbon carrier(CoN0.4/NC) electrocatalyst for promoted OER activity and stability is reported. During the OER process, the cobalt nitride components on the surface of CoN0.4/NC catalyst were converted into CoOOH and Co4+ species. The addition of Fe3+ stabilized the CoOOH phase and facilitated the formation of Fe‐CoOOH active phase, enhancing the activity and stability of CoN0.4/NC. The Fe10‐CoN0.4/NC catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 300 mV (vs. RHE) with a Tafel slope of 68.12 mV dec−1. The overpotential of Fe10‐CoN0.4/NC was 122 mV lower than that of the CoN0.4/NC catalyst and was comparable to commercial RuO2 catalyst. This study develops a novel technology for regulating the production of reconstructed species using Fe3+ ions.
Hybrid electrodes effective for both electrowetting‐ and dielectrowetting‐driven digital microfluidics
Authors: Geng Hongyao , Cho Sung Kwon
Published: May 2023

Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) and dielectrowetting (DEW) are two major principles to drive droplets in digital microfluidics. EWOD is effective to manipulate (create, transport, split, and merge) conductive droplets being currently used for many biological, chemical, and optical applications. DEW can also manipulate droplets but more efficiently with dielectric (nonconductive) fluids. A digital microfluidic platform efficiently operable by both EWOD and DEW would offer higher versatility in handling a wide range of fluids, regardless of their conductivities. In this regard, this article presents a new hybrid electrode design enabling EWOD and DEW to drive various kinds of droplet fluids on a single platform. In addition, a slippery liquid‐infused surface (SLIPS) is integrated with the hybrid electrodes. The SLIPS is well known to resist biofouling and repel sticky fluids, which endows the hybrid electrodes with much wider application spectra. As a result, the present SLIPS‐integrated hybrid electrodes facilitate actuating various kinds of fluids which would not be driven by conventional EWOD and/or DEW electrodes. This paper presents the successful transportation of not only conductive fluids including water, protein solution, glycerol, and honey but also nonconductive fluids including dodecane, silicone oil, and light and heavy crude oil, all driven by the SLIPS‐integrated hybrid electrodes. The performance comparisons among solid, interdigitating, and hybrid electrodes are made by testing both conductive and nonconductive droplets.
Sampling a pika's pantry: Temporal shifts in nutritional quality and winter preservation of American pika food caches
Authors: Varner Johanna , Carnes‐Douglas Zoe J. , Monk Emily , Benedict Lauren M. , Whipple Ashley , Dearing M. Denise , Bhattacharyya Sabuj , Griswold Loren , Ray Chris
Published: May 2023

Climate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon‐based defenses, such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine habitats, the American pika (Ochotona princeps) is a model species for studying effects of changing plant chemistry on mammals. To survive between growing seasons, pikas cache “haypiles” of plants rich in phenolics. Although they are toxic to pikas, phenolic compounds facilitate retention of plant biomass and nutrition during storage, and they degrade over time. Alpine avens (Geum rossii, Rosales: Rosaceae) is a high‐phenolic plant species that comprises up to 75% of pika haypiles in Colorado. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contemporary climate change has affected the nutritional value of alpine avens to pikas in the last 30 years. Specifically, we compared phenolic activity, nutritional quality, and overwinter preservation of plants collected at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA), in 1992 to those collected between 2010 and 2018, spanning nearly three decades of climate change. Phenolic activity increased in alpine avens since 1992, while fiber and nitrogen content decreased. Importantly, overwinter preservation of plant biomass also increased, particularly on windblown slopes without long‐lasting snow cover. Previous studies indicate that pikas at this site still depend on alpine avens for their winter food caches. Higher phenolic content in alpine avens could therefore enhance the preservation of haypiles over winter; however, if pikas must further delay consuming these plants to avoid toxicity or invest extra energy in detoxification, then the nutritional gains from enhanced preservation may not be beneficial. This study provides important insights into how climate‐driven changes in plant chemistry will affect mammalian herbivores in the future.
Novel Synthetic Strategy for the Production of Fully Bio‐Based Binders Using 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Derflinger Christoph , Kamm Birgit , Leitner Georg , Paulik Christian
Published: May 2023

In this work, resol based binders were prepared with lignin, resorcinol and the bio‐based aldehydic platform chemicals 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). In preliminary studies, the solubility and stability of DFF in aqueous‐alkaline conditions was investigated. Various binders were prepared to investigate the influence of the HMF‐DFF ratio and the influence of the aldehyde concentration on the molar mass, rheological properties and curing characteristics of the final binders. It is shown that significantly higher molecular weights and viscosities are obtained by using DFF instead of HMF. The properties of the final binder could also be affected by the precise choice of DFF concentration, as this resulted in higher levels of crosslinking. This work offers a novel type of fully bio‐based binder that consists of non‐toxic components and is therefore less hazardous than some conventional binders.
Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology
Authors: Kim Suhyeon , Baek Seungho , Sluyter Ronald , Konstantinov Konstantin , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Sunkook , Kim Yong Ho
Published: May 2023

Since the beginning of human history, the demand for effective healthcare systems for diagnosis and treatment of health problems has grown steadily. However, traditional centralized healthcare requires hospital visits, making in‐time and long‐term healthcare challenging. Bioelectronics has shown potential in patient‐friendly healthcare owing to the rapid advances in diverse fields of biology and electronics. In particular, wearable and implantable bioelectronics have emerged as an alternative or adjunct to conventional healthcare. To develop into next‐generation healthcare systems, however, custom designs for biological targets with a deepened understanding of the intrinsic features of the target are essential. In addition, bioelectronic systems must be designed eco‐friendly for sustainable healthcare. In this review, bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics as next‐generation smart healthcare technology are described. For an in‐depth understanding of biological targets and guidelines for target‐tailored design, we discuss target‐specific considerations and relevant key parameters of bioelectronic systems with the representative examples.

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Identifying the neural correlates of anticipatory postural control: A novel fMRI paradigm
Authors: Smith Jo Armour , Tain Rongwen , Sharp Kelli G. , Glynn Laura M. , Van Dillen Linda R. , Henslee Korinne , Jacobs Jesse V. , Cramer Steven C.
Published: May 2023

Altered postural control in the trunk/hip musculature is a characteristic of multiple neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. Previously it was not possible to determine if altered cortical and subcortical sensorimotor brain activation underlies impairments in postural control. This study used a novel fMRI‐compatible paradigm to identify the brain activation associated with postural control in the trunk and hip musculature. BOLD fMRI imaging was conducted as participants performed two versions of a lower limb task involving lifting the left leg to touch the foot to a target. For the supported leg raise (SLR) the leg is raised from the knee while the thigh remains supported. For the unsupported leg raise (ULR) the leg is raised from the hip, requiring postural muscle activation in the abdominal/hip extensor musculature. Significant brain activation during the SLR task occurred predominantly in the right primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions. Brain activation during the ULR task occurred bilaterally in the primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions, as well as cerebellum and putamen. In comparison with the SLR, the ULR was associated with significantly greater activation in the right premotor/SMA, left primary motor and cingulate cortices, primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus/parietal operculum, superior parietal lobule, cerebellar vermis, and cerebellar hemispheres. Cortical and subcortical regions activated during the ULR, but not during the SLR, were consistent with the planning, and execution of a task involving multisegmental, bilateral postural control. Future studies using this paradigm will determine mechanisms underlying impaired postural control in patients with neurological and musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Chlorococcum sp. biofilm growth on biochar from olive kernels solid support
Authors: Tsavatopoulou Vasiliki D , Vakros John , Manariotis Ioannis. D
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms including microalgae, bacteria and protozoa, which are adhered to a surface. The purpose of an integrated microalgal processing system is the production of biofuels, biomass and other valuable bioproducts as well as wastewater remediation. Biochar is a carbon‐rich and porous substrate, capable of adsorbing nutrients.

RESULTS

In this study, biochar produced from olive kernels pyrolyzed at 400 °C was tested as a solid support candidate for adhering Chlorococcum sp. cultures. The substrate used was BG‐11 with 1/3 nitrates and BG‐11 without nitrates and phosphates. After 15 days of cultivation, the biomass attached to biofilm was measured, while different parameters were determined in the liquid. Among the different concentrations of biochar used, the culture containing 1 g L−1 biochar gave the best performance, resulting in 1.28 and 1.24 g microalgae g−1 biochar in the presence and absence of nitrates, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The cultures containing BG‐11 without nitrogen and phosphorus showed leaching of nutrients in the liquid of the reactor. The present findings provide an alternative use of biochar, enhancing the growth of microalgae, and thus encouraging its use as supporting material in bioreactors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Transcranial sonographic measurement of the third ventricle to detect hydrocephalus in children population: Correlation to computed tomography
Authors: El Adioui G. , Ettouhami B. , Haimeur Y. , Elhaddad S. , Allali N. , Bentalha A. , Chat L.
Published: May 2023

Background

In neuro‐intensive care, transcranial temporal ultrasound is used in adults and children to monitor brain‐injured patients. It is accepted as a valuable tool for exploring brain structures. Our study aims to establish a correlation between the measurement of the third ventricle (V3) by transcranial ultrasound via temporal window and a reference method, computed tomography (CT), which could validate the method for hydrocephalus detection in the children population.

Design

This is a prospective double‐blind study of 34 children under 15 years. Two consultants in intensive care performed the ultrasound while a radiologist performed the CT measurements.

Results

Of the 34 patients included, the V3 could be measured in 88% of cases. Among these 30 patients, there is a good correlation between CT and ultrasound measurements with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.773. This correlation is more important as the diameter of the V3 increases. We could determine a threshold of 3.65 mm in diameter to identify hydrocephalus on ultrasound with a detection sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 94.1%.

Conclusion

Measuring the diameter of the V3 by trans‐cranial sonography remains a simple, reproducible, non‐invasive tool and has a good correlation with reference examinations such as CT.