bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aβ and human amylin share a common toxicity pathway via mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Lim Yun‐An , Rhein Virginie , Baysang Ginette , Meier Fides , Poljak Anne , J. Raftery Mark , Guilhaus Michael , Ittner Lars M. , Eckert Anne , Götz Jürgen
Published: February 2010

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Both diseases are characterized by amyloid deposition in target tissues: aggregation of amylin in T2DM is associated with loss of insulin‐secreting β‐cells, while amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation in AD brain is associated with neuronal loss. Here, we used quantitative iTRAQ proteomics as a discovery tool to show that both Aβ and human amylin (HA) deregulate identical proteins, a quarter of which are mitochondrial, supporting the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common target in these two amyloidoses. A functional validation revealed that mitochondrial complex IV activity was significantly reduced after treatment with either HA or Aβ, as was mitochondrial respiration. In comparison, complex I activity was reduced only after treatment with HA. Aβ and HA, but not the non‐amyloidogenic rat amylin, induced significant increases in the generation of ROS. Co‐incubation of HA and Aβ did not produce an augmented effect in ROS production, again suggesting common toxicity mechanisms. In conclusion, our data suggest that Aβ and HA both exert toxicity, at least in part, via mitochondrial dysfunction, thus restoring their function may be beneficial for both AD and T2DM.
Practical recommendations for planning, constructing and maintaining infrastructure in mountain permafrost
Authors: Bommer Christian , Phillips Marcia , Arenson Lukas U.
Published: February 2010

Mountain infrastructure can be negatively affected by ground‐ice degradation induced by the combined effects of construction activity, the structure itself and climate change. Modification of subsurface conditions may cause differential settlement, creep and deformation of structures, substantially shortening their service life. Permafrost detection techniques and adaptive design methods taking into account changes in the geotechnical properties of the ground are rarely applied on construction sites in the Alps. The analysis of potential structural sensitivities to changes in the substrate and the determination of failure consequences are necessary for the successful design of durable infrastructure. Appropriate monitoring systems allow timely diagnoses and the application of suitable remedial measures. The use of specially conceived technical solutions in mountain permafrost is becoming widespread, yet there is not a commonly accepted state‐of‐the‐art. New recommendations provide an overview of practical solutions for the construction and maintenance of durable infrastructure in mountain permafrost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histrelin acetate: gonadorelin analogue given once a year
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Persad Raj
Published: February 2010

Histrelin acetate (Vantas) is a gonadorelin analogue implant for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer given once a year. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Mr Raj Persad considers its potential place in treatment. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Appearance of long range magnetic order in a nonmagnetic periphery: Yb2Pd2(In,Sn)
Authors: Bauer E. , Khan R. T. , Giovannini M. , Ritter C.
Published: February 2010

Neutron diffraction measurements as well as temperature, field and pressure dependent resistivity studies demonstrate the occurence of a dome‐like magnetic phase in ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 ({\rm In}_{1 - x} {\rm Sn}_x )$ (0.5 ≲ x ≲ 0.9) with antiferromagnetic ordering (${\bf k} = (0,0,1/2)$), whereas both ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm In}$ and ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm Sn}$ are nonmagnetic. The ordered moment and the ordering temperature of this phase is a result of a U‐shape‐like concentration dependence of the Kondo temperarature when proceeding from ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm In}$ to ${\rm Yb}_2 {\rm Pd}_2 {\rm Sn}$.
NQR study of pressure induced superconductivity in CeCu2Si2
Authors: Fujiwara K. , Okazaki Y. , Hata Y. , Miyoshi K. , Takeuchi J. , Kobayashi T. C. , Geibel C. , Steglich F.
Published: February 2010

We have measured nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) for 63Cu nuclei under high pressure up to 4.8 GPa. A linear increase in NQR frequency $^{63} \nu _{\rm Q}$ of 63Cu nuclei was observed below 3 GPa. However, $^{63} \nu _{\rm Q}$ deviates gradually from the linear relation above 3.5 GPa. The downward deviation is associated with a change of valence and consistent with the results of band calculations with the structural parameters under pressure. Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin fluctuations are drastically suppressed with increasing pressure, whereas Tc increases from 0.7 K at ambient pressure to 1.64 K at 4.2 GPa. We have found that bulk superconductivity suddenly disappears at 4.8 GPa accompanied with a rapid decrease in the density of states at the Fermi level.

magnified image

These are indenter pressure cells for NQR measurements.
Lu and La substituted Ce3Pd20Si6
Authors: Winkler H. , Laumann S. , Custers J. , Prokofiev A. , Paschen S.
Published: February 2010

In order to disentangle the effects of the two different crystallographic Ce sites in Ce3Pd20Si6on the intriguing low‐temperature properties of this compound, we have investigated polycrystalline samples of Ce3−xLuxPd20Si6($x = 1,2$) and Ce3−yLayPd20Si6($y = 1,2$). The lattice parameters and electrical resistivity measurements in the temperature range 2–300 K are presented. Lu‐substitution leads to a considerable decrease in the unit cell volume, corresponding to positive chemical pressure, while substitution with La expands the lattice much more gradually. We interpret the observed shifts in the characteristic temperatures for the onset of incoherent and coherent Kondo scattering,TminandTmax, respectively, by competing effects of chemical pressure and density of Kondo scatterers. We also investigate the important issue of preferential site occupation by Lu and La and present evidence for Ce2LaPd20Si6being an essentially ordered compound. The incoherent Kondo scattering dominating the electrical resistivity of Ce3Pd20Si6between 20 and 300 K appears to be caused by Ce at the 8c‐site only.
The development of the superconducting tetragonal PbO‐type FeSe and related compounds
Authors: Wu M. K. , Yeh K. W. , Hsu H. C. , Huang T. W. , Chen T. K. , Luo J. Y. , Wang M. J. , Chang H. H. , Ke C.T. , Moh M. H. , Rao S. M. D.
Published: February 2010

An overview of the recent development of the superconducting FeSe1−x and related compounds is presented. Methods to synthesize high purity poly‐crystalline samples, single crystals, and thin films with preferred orientation are described. It was found that the effects of chemical doping to the Se‐site or Fe‐site are rather different. Ionic size of the doping is found to play critical role on the occurrence of superconductivity. We also review the physical properties, including transport, magnetic, and thermal properties. There exist interesting transport anomalies in the resistivity and Hall coefficient at low temperature; and it was found that a structural distortion at low temperature is critical to the occurrence of superconductivity in these materials. However, the exact origin of these observed anomalies are not clear, and the exact pairing symmetry in FeSe‐based superconductors is also still in question.
Low frequency spin dynamics in the quantum magnet copper pyrazine dinitrate
Authors: Kühne H. , Günther M. , Grossjohann S. , Brenig W. , Litterst F. J. , Reyes A. P. , Kuhns P. L. , Turnbull M. M. , Landee C. P. , Klauss H.‐H.
Published: February 2010

The S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain exhibits a magnetic field driven quantum critical point. We study the low frequency spin dynamics in copper pyrazine dinitrate (CuPzN), a realization of this model system of quantum magnetism, by means of 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Measurements of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate $T_1^{ - 1}$ in the vicinity of the saturation field are compared with quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the dynamic structure factor. Both show a strong divergence of low energy excitations at temperatures in the quantum regime. The analysis of the anisotropic $T_1^{ - 1}$‐rates and frequency shifts allows one to disentangle the contributions from transverse and longitudinal spin fluctuations for a selective study and to determine the transfer of delocalized spin moments from copper to the neighboring nitrogen atoms.
Assessing individuals' understanding of nonlinear causal structures in complex systems
Authors: Plate Richard
Published: February 2010

Educators have provided anecdotal evidence that systems‐oriented instruction improves students' ability to comprehend complex systems, but little research has been done to test this hypothesis. This article reviews past attempts to assess systems‐oriented instruction and suggests the need for an assessment tool that can be implemented broadly but still provides a nuanced view of individuals' understanding of complex systems. A tool called Cognitive Mapping Assessment of Systems Thinking (CMAST) is presented as a step toward addressing this need. Results from one study using this tool are included to illustrate analyses available and the significance of their results. Results from this study suggest that students receiving systems‐oriented instruction exhibit significantly increased ability to understand information about a complex environmental system despite having received no specific training in natural resources. CMAST allows researchers to quickly obtain and evaluate quantitative data regarding students' ability to understand complex systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating system dynamics models of risky projects using decision trees: alternative energy projects as an illustrative example
Authors: Tan Burcu , Anderson Edward G. , Dyer James S. , Parker Geoffrey G.
Published: February 2010

Many important risky projects are characterized by stochastic processes embedded in nonlinear, feedback structures with delays. System dynamics models may be used to estimate the cash flow resulting from these projects for any given predetermined sequence of decisions. However, using system dynamics models to evaluate these cash flows when management has the flexibility to change its decisions in the face of future information often remains difficult in practice. To remedy this, we leverage the decision analysis literature to propose a methodology that transforms the system dynamics model into an approximate decision tree. The methodology then evaluates that tree to account for the value of managerial flexibility in executing a project. This approach has the virtue of combining system dynamics' capability to cope with dynamic complexity with that of decision analysis to model managerial flexibility. We illustrate this method with a model drawn from the wind power industry, which is characterized by numerous uncertainties and high managerial flexibility. We conclude with a discussion describing the limitations of this approach and the conditions under which its use would be most appropriate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalized Carbon‐Nanotube Sheet/Bismaleimide Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Electrical Performance Beyond Carbon‐Fiber Composites
Authors: Cheng Qunfeng , Wang Ben , Zhang Chuck , Liang Zhiyong
Published: February 2010

Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as the next‐generation reinforcement materials to potentially replace conventional carbon fibers for producing super‐high‐performance lightweight composites. Herein, it is reported that sheets of millimeter‐long multi‐walled CNTs with stretch alignment and epoxidation functionalization reinforce bismaleimide resin, which results in composites with an unprecedentedly high tensile strength of 3081 MPa and modulus of 350 GPa, well exceeding those of state‐of‐the‐art unidirectional carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composites. The results also provide important experimental evidence of the impact of functionalization and the effect of alignment reported previously on the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites.
Synthesis and Applications of SnO Nanosheets: Parallel Control of Oxidation State and Nanostructure Through an Aqueous Solution Route
Authors: Sakaushi Ken , Oaki Yuya , Uchiyama Hiroaki , Hosono Eiji , Zhou Haoshen , Imai Hiroaki
Published: February 2010

Tin monoxide (SnO) nanosheets 5 nm in thickness are generated on substrates through an aqueous solution process under mild conditions. Parallel control of the oxidation state and morphology is achieved by a urea‐mediated approach in aqueous solution. The SnO nanosheets form a porous thin film on substrates such as indium tin oxide and carbon nanofiber (CNF). The porous thin film of SnO nanosheets shows cathodic photocurrent generation upon irradiation by UV and visible light. In contrast, the photocurrent is not observed in the bulk SnO microcrystals. Composites of the SnO nanosheets and CNF perform as the anode material of lithium‐ion batteries with improved charge–discharge reversible stability.
Complex Display of Putative Tumor Stem Cell Markers in the NCI60 Tumor Cell Line Panel
Authors: Stuelten Christina H. , Mertins Susan D. , Busch Johanna I. , Gowens Meghan , Scudiero Dominic A. , Burkett Mark W. , Hite Karen M. , Alley Mike , Hollingshead Melinda , Shoemaker Robert H. , Niederhuber John E.
Published: February 2010

Tumor stem cells or cancer initiating cells (CICs) are single tumor cells that can regenerate a tumor or a metastasis. The identification and isolation of CICs remain challenging, and a variety of putative CIC markers have been described. We hypothesized that cell lines of the NCI60 panel contain CICs and express putative CIC markers. We investigated expression of putative CIC surface markers (CD15, CD24, CD44, CD133, CD166, CD326, PgP) and the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the NCI60 panel singly and in combination by six-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. All investigated markers were expressed in cell lines of the NCI60 panel. Expression levels of individual markers varied widely across the 60 cell lines, and neither single marker expression nor simple combinations nor co-expression patterns correlated with the colony-formation capacity of cell lines. Rather, marker expression patterns correlated with tumor types in multidimensional analysis. Whereas some expression patterns correlated with tumor entities such as basal breast cancer, other expression patterns occurred across different tumor types and largely related to expression of a more mesenchymal phenotype in individual breast, lung, renal, and melanoma cell lines. Our data for the first time demonstrate that tumor cell lines display CIC markers in a complex pattern that relates to the tumor type. The complexity and tumor type specificity of marker display creates challenges for the application of cell sorting and other approaches to isolation of putative tumor stem cell populations and suggests that therapeutic targeting strategies will need to take this into account.
Engineering Musculoskeletal Tissues with Human Embryonic Germ Cell Derivatives
Authors: Varghese Shyni , Hwang Nathaniel S. , Ferran Angela , Hillel Alexander , Theprungsirikul Parnduangjai , Canver Adam C. , Zhang Zijun , Gearhart John , Elisseeff Jennifer
Published: February 2010

The cells derived from differentiating embryoid bodies of human embryonic germ (hEG) cells express a broad spectrum of gene markers and have been induced toward ecto- and endodermal lineages. We describe here in vitro and in vivo differentiation of hEG-derived cells (LVEC line) toward mesenchymal tissues. The LVEC cells express many surface marker proteins characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells and differentiated into cartilage, bone, and fat. Homogenous hyaline cartilage was generated from cells after 63 population doublings. In vivo results demonstrate cell survival, differentiation, and tissue formation. The high proliferative capacity of hEG-derived cells and their ability to differentiate and form three-dimensional mesenchymal tissues without teratoma formation underscores their significant potential for regenerative medicine. The adopted coculture system also provides new insights into how a microenvironment comprised of extracellular and cellular components may be harnessed to generate hierarchically complex tissues from pluripotent cells.
Developmental outcome of isolated fetal macrocephaly
Authors: Biran‐Gol Y. , Malinger G. , Cohen H. , Davidovitch M. , Lev D. , Lerman‐Sagie T. , Schweiger A.
Published: February 2010

Objective

To evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcome of children with prenatally diagnosed head circumference greater than 2 SD above the mean for gestational age and no associated anomalies detected by ultrasound.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 17 fetuses, diagnosed in the third trimester by ultrasound as having isolated macrocephaly, defined as head circumference greater than 2 SD above the mean for gestational age. We evaluated their performance on a standardized neuropsychological battery at age 2–7 years, and compared them with 17 normocephalic children.

Results

The range of fetal head circumference in the study group was 2.0–2.9 SD. There were no significant differences between the groups in cognitive, language and motor domains. The study group scored significantly worse than the control group on three parameters, reflecting executive functioning, behavior and social–emotional development. Children with familial macrocephaly showed significantly better executive functioning compared with children with non‐familial macrocephaly. Multiple linear regression analysis found paternal head circumference to be the only significant variable in positively predicting the cognitive functioning of the child.

Conclusions

The finding in utero of a head circumference 2–3 SD above the mean for gestational age with no associated anomalies does not appear to be a significant risk factor for abnormal long‐term neuropsychological development. Our study provides information important for parental counseling prenatally. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of three‐dimensional perineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the pubovisceral muscle at rest
Authors: Majida M. , BrÆkken I. H. , Bø K. , Šaltytė Benth J. , Engh M. E.
Published: February 2010

Objective

To compare biometric measurements of the pubovisceral muscle during rest, measured using transperineal three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

In this prospective study, 18 female volunteers underwent 3D perineal ultrasound examination and MRI. All women were examined at rest in the supine position and the following measurements were taken: area and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the levator hiatus; thickness of the pubovisceral muscle, measured lateral to the vagina and to the rectum, on the right and left sides; length of the levator–urethra gap (LUG), measured from the center of the urethra to the insertion of the pubovisceral muscle on the pubic bone. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the measurements obtained with 3D ultrasound and with MRI were calculated. To quantify the intermeasurement agreement, the bias and SDs were calculated, and limits of agreement constructed. One investigator performed all the analyses.

Results

There was no significant difference between the mean values of the measurements by 3D perineal ultrasound and those by MRI. The ICC values showed very good agreement (range, 0.80–0.97). There was a significant positive bias for LUG on the left side and muscle thickness on the right side of the vagina.

Conclusion

These results suggest that 3D ultrasound could be used instead of MRI when evaluating static pelvic floor anatomy in women without pelvic organ prolapse at rest. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Middle versus anterior cerebral artery Doppler for the prediction of perinatal outcome and neonatal neurobehavior in term small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler
Authors: Oros D. , Figueras F. , Cruz‐Martinez R. , Padilla N. , Meler E. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Gratacos E.
Published: February 2010

Objective

To evaluate whether anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Doppler ultrasonography is superior to middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler in the prediction of perinatal outcome and neonatal neurobehavior in term small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses with normal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler.

Methods

MCA and ACA Doppler ultrasonography was performed in a cohort of SGA term fetuses with normal UA Doppler. Perinatal outcome and neonatal neurobehavioral performance were compared with a group of term appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) infants. Neurobehavior was evaluated at 40 ( ± 1) weeks of corrected age with the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Differences between the study groups were adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple linear or logistic regression analyis.

Results

A total of 199 newborns (98 SGA and 101 AGA) were included. Among the SGA fetuses, 28.6 and 17% had MCA and ACA redistribution, respectively. Cases with either type of redistribution had an increased risk for adverse outcome, with no differences in predictive performance between the two parameters. SGA fetuses with MCA redistribution compared with controls had an increased risk for abnormal neurobehavioral performance in motor (36 vs. 20%; adjusted P = 0.02) and state organization (25 vs. 17.5%; adjusted P = 0.03) areas. SGA fetuses with ACA redistribution had only an increased risk for abnormal neurobehavioral performance area in state organization compared with controls (30 vs. 17.5%; adjusted P = 0.021).

Conclusion

In term SGA newborns with no signs of brain‐sparing, ACA Doppler investigation does not provide any benefit over MCA in terms of the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung tissue perfusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and association with the lung‐to‐head ratio and intrapulmonary artery pulsed Doppler
Authors: Moreno‐Alvarez O. , Cruz‐Martinez R. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Done E. , Gómez O. , Deprest J. , Gratacos E.
Published: February 2010

Objective

To evaluate lung tissue perfusion in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to explore the association of lung tissue perfusion with the lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) and intrapulmonary artery pulsed Doppler.

Methods

Fetuses with isolated left CDH were evaluated and compared with a group of fetuses without CDH, which were sampled from our general population and matched by gestational age at inclusion. Lung tissue perfusion measured using fractional moving blood volume (FMBV), the observed to expected (O/E) LHR and pulsed Doppler of the proximal intrapulmonary artery were evaluated in the lung contralateral to the side of the hernia. Doppler waveform analysis included the pulsatility index (PI), the peak early diastolic reversed flow (PEDRF) and the peak systolic velocity (PSV). All Doppler parameters were converted into Z‐scores for gestational age. The associations between FMBV and O/E‐LHR and between FMBV and intrapulmonary arterial Doppler parameters were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusted by gestational age.

Results

A total of 190 fetuses (95 with CDH and 95 controls) were evaluated. Fetuses with CDH showed significantly lower lung FMBV (26.8 (SD 8.4) vs. 37.9 (SD 8.1)%; P < 0.001) than controls. Lung tissue perfusion correlated positively with O/E‐LHR (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and negatively with intrapulmonary artery PI (r = − 0.31; P < 0.001), PEDRF (r = − 0.43; P < 0.001) and PSV (r = − 0.18; P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Fetuses with CDH have decreased lung tissue perfusion, which is associated with decreased lung growth and increased intrapulmonary artery impedance. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference values for variables of fetal cardiocirculatory dynamics at 11–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Rozmus‐Warcholinska W. , Wloch A. , Acharya G. , Cnota W. , Czuba B. , Sodowski K. , Skrzypulec V.
Published: February 2010

Objective

Despite the increasing popularity of first‐trimester fetal echocardiography, the evaluation of fetal heart function during this period remains challenging. The parameters of normal cardiac function at 11–14 weeks' gestation are not well defined and appropriate reference values have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fetal cardiocirculatory dynamics during routine first‐trimester screening and establish cross‐sectional reference ranges for 11–14 weeks' gestation.

Methods

Fetal echocardiography was performed on 202 women with singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Global cardiac function was evaluated using the heart : chest area ratio and Tei index of the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. The proportion of isovolumic contraction (ICT%) and ejection (ET%) times of the cardiac cycle, and the outflow velocities described the systolic function. Diastolic function was evaluated by the proportion of relaxation (IRT%) and filling (FT%) times, the ratio of the blood velocity through the atrioventricular valves during early filling (E) and atrial contraction (A) phases of the cardiac cycle, and ductus venosus pulsatility index for veins (DV‐PIV). All participants had additional fetal echocardiography in the second trimester and neonatal clinical examination after birth to confirm normality.

Results

The mean heart : chest area ratio (0.203 ± 0.04) and the Tei indices of both ventricles did not vary significantly during weeks 11–14, but the mean Tei index of the LV (0.375 ± 0.092) was significantly higher than that of the RV (0.332 ± 0.079) (P = 0.001). The fetal heart rate (FHR) decreased with increasing crown–rump length (CRL) (P < 0.00001). The LV‐ICT% did not vary significantly (P = 0.27), LV‐IRT% (P = 0.03) and LV‐ET% decreased (P = 0.01), whereas the LV‐FT% increased (P = 0.02) with CRL. The RV‐ET% (P = 0.84) and RV‐FT% (P = 0.60) remained relatively stable. The LV‐ET% was lower than the RV‐ET% (P = 0.0001). The LV (P = 0.004) and RV (P < 0.00001) outflow velocities and E : A ratios of both ventricles (P < 0.0001) increased with advancing gestation. The E‐velocity of the LV (P = 0.003) and RV (P = 0.002) increased significantly but the increase in A‐velocity was not significant. The outflow velocity (P = 0.008) and E‐velocity (P = 0.005) of the RV were higher than that of the LV but the A‐velocities were similar (P = 0.066). The mean DV‐PIV was 0.97 ± 0.23 and did not change significantly (P = 0.95) during weeks 11–14. The FHR and DV‐PIV did not correlate with the Tei index of either ventricle.

Conclusion

We have established reference ranges for the noninvasive evaluation of fetal cardiocirculatory dynamics at 11–14 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly and Magnetic Characterization of Two CuII Complexes Constructed by 2,2′‐Bipyridine and 3,5‐Pyrazoledicarboxylic Acid with Different Structures
Authors: Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Li Rong‐Fang , Wang Li‐Ya , Zhang Qian‐Qian
Published: February 2010

Two CuII complexes [Cu3(2,2′‐bipy)2(pdc)2)(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Cu4(2,2′‐bipy)2(pdc)2(OH)2]n·2nH2O (2) (2,2′‐bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; H3pdc = 3,5‐pyrazoledicarboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Because of different experimental conditions, the structure of complex 1 is built up of a trinuclear CuII unit and solvate water molecules, whereas complex 2 has an novel one‐dimensional coordination polymeric structure linked by three kinds of bridging groups in an alternating manner. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of the compounds were performed and indicated antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and ferromagnetic interactions in 2.
Stage IV Rectal Cancer with Liver Metastases: Is There a Benefit to Resection of the Primary Tumor?
Authors: Cellini Christina , Hunt Steven R. , Fleshman James W. , Birnbaum Elisa H. , Bierhals Andrew J. , Mutch Matthew G.
Published: February 2010

Background

Resection of primary and liver lesions is the optimal management of Stage IV rectal cancer with liver metastases. For patients with extensive liver metastases, FOLFOX and FOLFIRI have improved resection rates and survival. We compared survival outcomes in patients with Stage IV rectal cancer with liver metastases undergoing staged or synchronous resection with those undergoing primary rectal resection only or no resection at all.

Methods

Patients with metastatic rectal cancer to liver were identified from a colorectal cancer database from 2002 to 2008. Patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and adjuvant FOLFOX or FOLFIRI therapy. The outcomes for patients who underwent synchronous resection, staged resection, resection of rectal tumor only, and no resection with chemotherapy only were compared. Statistical analysis was determined by ANOVA. Survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Seventy‐four patients were identified: 30 synchronous resections, 13 staged resections, 22 primary resection only, and 9 no resection. Median follow‐up was 23 months (range = 4‐58 months). Sixty‐five percent of patients underwent liver resection with 26% rendered eligible for resection after adjuvant therapy. Those who underwent primary resection only had shorter median survival than those who underwent either staged or synchronous liver resection (31 vs. 47 vs. 46 months, respectively; P = 0.17). Survival was no different for synchronous versus staged resection (P = 0.6). Volume of liver disease predicted resectability (P = 0.001). Without liver resection, 2‐year survival was approximately 60%. Palliative surgery was required in six of nine patients who did not undergo resection of their primary tumor.

Conclusions

Current chemotherapeutic regimens lead to improved survival in patients with unresectable liver metastases. Upfront chemotherapy in the asymptomatic patient compared with resection of the primary tumor does not appear to significantly affect survival. However, given that 60% of patients were alive after 2 years, resection of the primary lesion for palliative reasons and local control must be considered.
Epidemiology of Surgical Admissions to a Children’s Disability Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Spiegel David A. , Shrestha Om P. , Rajbhandary Tarun , Bijukachhe Binod , Sitoula Prakash , Banskota Bibek , Banskota Ashok
Published: February 2010

Background

The goal of this retrospective review was to characterize the spectrum of surgical admissions to a tertiary hospital specializing in musculoskeletal conditions in children and adolescents in Nepal.

Methods

We reviewed hospital records from 1996 to 2006 to categorize all major surgical procedures. Additional information collected included diagnosis, patient age, gender, and home district.

Results

Of 7,556 major surgical procedures performed from 1996 to 2006, 91% could be placed within the following categories: congenital (n = 2,984; 38%), burn contracture (n = 1,400; 19%), posttraumatic (n = 1,047; 14%), neuromuscular (n = 750; 10%), and infection (n = 731; 10%). The most common diagnosis was congenital clubfoot, which accounted for 2,348 cases (31%). Thirty‐three percent of cases (n = 2,447) involved injuries (burns, fractures, dislocations). While burns most commonly involved the upper extremity, fractures in the elbow region were the most frequent posttraumatic problem. The most common neuromuscular diagnosis was poliomyelitis. The sequelae of musculoskeletal sepsis represented 731 cases (10%), most commonly chronic osteomyelitis. Other diagnoses termed miscellaneous included angular deformities of the lower extremities, scoliosis and other spinal deformities, hip dysplasia, and tumors.

Conclusions

The majority of surgical pathology involved injuries and congenital problems (mainly clubfoot). The presentation was delayed in most patients, and in such cases, the treatment is more complex and costly, and the desired functional outcome is difficult to achieve. In addition to preventive measures, morbidity cases could have been reduced by the timely provision of services at the primary referral level. Strengthening the delivery of basic orthopedic services at primary health care facilities may eliminate or reduce the need for complex reconstructive procedures and diminish the likelihood of permanent disability in our population.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Attenuate Acute Lung Injury During Cecal Ligation and Puncture‐Induced Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Zhang Li , Jin Shengwei , Wang Changdong , Jiang Rong , Wan Jingyuan
Published: February 2010

Background

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as the useful reagents that epigenetically modulate the expression of various genes. In the present study, the effects of HDAC inhibitors on the expression of inflammation‐related genes and lung injury during sepsis were investigated.

Methods

Mice were pretreated with two structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitors, Trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (SB). Thirty minutes later, mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis. Lung injury and the expression of inflammation‐related molecules were determined. In addition, survival was assessed post‐CLP.

Results

Our results indicated that administration of TSA or SB alleviated sepsis‐induced lung injury. This was accompanied by reduced neutrophil infiltration, decreased intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and E‐selectin expression in lung tissue, and lower interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) level in plasma. In addition, treatment with HDAC inhibitors significantly prolonged the survival time of CLP mice.

Conclusions

These data indicated that the HDAC inhibitors, based on modulating the key enzymes linked to acetylation modification, effectively attenuate intrapulmonary inflammatory response, thus significantly alleviating lung injury during sepsis.
Four years of expanded newborn screening in Portugal with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Vilarinho Laura , Rocha Hugo , Sousa Carmen , Marcão Ana , Fonseca Helena , Bogas Mário , Osório Rui Vaz
Published: February 2010

Introduction

The Portuguese Neonatal Screening Programme (PNSP) was started in 1979 for phenylketonuria (2,590,700 newborns screened; prevalence 1:11,031) and, shortly after, for congenital hypothyroidism (2,558,455 newborns screened; prevalence 1:3,174). In 2004, expanded neonatal screening was implemented in the National Laboratory. The programme is not mandatory and has 99.8% coverage of the country (including Madeira and the Azores islands).

Material and methods

In the past 4 years, 316,243 neonates were screened with the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to test for selected amino acids and acylcarnitines.

Results

During this time, 132 patients were identified with 24 different inherited metabolic diseases (classic forms and variants). To date, the global frequency for all disorders integrated into the PNSP is estimated to be 1:1,380, with 1:2,396 for metabolic disorders. A total of 379 tests (0.12%) were classified as having false positive results, yielding an overall specificity of 99.9%. Despite the low frequency of several disorders, the positive predictive value of the overall MS/MS screening was found to be 26%, reflecting high diagnostic specificity of the method. Diagnostic sensitivity of extended screening for the different groups of disorders was 100%. Eight cases of maternal disorders [three glutaric aciduria type I, one carnitine transporter defect, and four 3‐methylcrotonyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency] were also detected through newborn screening.

Conclusions

Our data support the advantage of a centralised laboratory for screening an elevated number of samples and making decisions if relying on a clinical network able to provide fast treatment and a good outcome in the screened cases.
The risk of Parkinson's disease in type 1 Gaucher disease
Authors: Bultron Gilberto , Kacena Katherine , Pearson Daniel , Boxer Michael , Yang Ruhua , Sathe Swati , Pastores Gregory , Mistry Pramod K.
Published: February 2010

In Gaucher disease, defective lysosomal glucocerebrosidase due to mutations in the GBA1 gene results in lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebroside in mononuclear phagocytes and a multisystemic phenotype. Observations of occurrence of Parkinson's disease in some patients with non‐neuronopathic type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) and their first degree relatives has led to the identification of GBA1 heterozygous mutations as a genetic risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the magnitude of risk of PD in patients with known GD1 has not been determined, and it is not known whether GD1/PD represents a specific sub‐phenotype of GD1 with distinctive genotype/phenotype characteristics. We estimated the risk of PD in a cohort of 444 consecutively evaluated patients with GD1 compared to that in the general population. Eleven patients developed parkinsonian syndrome during a 12‐year follow‐up period. The adjusted life‐time risk ratio of PD in GD1 compared to that in the general population was 21.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10.7–38.3], with a higher risk in men compared to women. In our cohort, GD1/Parkinson's disease phenotype (GD1/PD) was characterized by higher GD1 severity score, due to higher incidence of avascular osteonecrosis. The clinical spectrum of PD varied from mild to potentially life‐threatening disease. All but one patient with GD1/PD phenotype had at least one N370S GBA1 allele. In conclusion, compared to the general population, patients with GD1 have an almost 20‐fold increased life‐time risk of developing PD.
Large conductance, Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (BKCa) and arteriolar myogenic signaling
Authors: Hill Michael A. , Yang Yan , Ella Srikanth R. , Davis Michael J. , Braun Andrew P.
Published: February 2010

Myogenic, or pressure‐induced, vasoconstriction is critical for local blood flow autoregulation. Underlying this vascular smooth muscle (VSM) response are events including membrane depolarization, Ca2+ entry and mobilization, and activation of contractile proteins. Large conductance, Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (BKCa) has been implicated in several of these steps including, (1) channel closure causing membrane depolarization, and (2) channel opening causing hyperpolarization to oppose excessive pressure‐induced vasoconstriction. As multiple mechanisms regulate BKCa activity (subunit composition, membrane potential (Em) and Ca2+ levels, post‐translational modification) tissue level diversity is predicted. Importantly, heterogeneity in BKCa channel activity may contribute to tissue‐specific differences in regulation of myogenic vasoconstriction, allowing local hemodynamics to be matched to metabolic requirements. Knowledge of such variability will be important to exploiting the BKCa channel as a therapeutic target and understanding systemic effects of its pharmacological manipulation.
Management of Acute Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage
Authors: Lo Gin‐Ho
Published: February 2010

Acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage (AEVH) is a severe complication of portal hypertension. Its management has rapidly evolved in recent years. Traditional methods included vasoconstrictor and balloon tamponade. Vasoconstrictors were shown to control approximately 80% of the bleeding episodes and are generally used as a first‐line therapy. Following the use of vasoconstrictors, endoscopic therapy is often used to arrest the bleeding varices and prevent early rebleeding. A meta‐analysis showed that the combination of vasoconstrictor and endoscopic therapy is superior to endoscopic therapy alone for controlling AEVH. Balloon tamponade may be used to achieve temporary control of the hemorrhage in case of severe bleeding. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt may be needed in patients with refractory acute variceal hemorrhage. Surgical intervention is now widely contraindicated during acute variceal hemorrhage, except for patients with good liver reserve. Conversely, apart from the control of acute variceal hemorrhage, prophylactic antibiotics were shown to be helpful in the prevention of bacterial infection and to prevent early variceal rebleeding. With the introduction of new treatment modalities and the measures taken to manage patients with AEVH, the mortality due to AEVH has significantly decreased in recent years.
Influence of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Gastrointestinal Polyps
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Hung , Wu I‐Chen , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Su Yu‐Chung , Lu Chien‐Yu , Kuo Fu‐Chen , Jan Chang‐Ming , Wang Wen‐Ming , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Yu Fang‐Jung
Published: February 2010

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most potent anti‐acid agents and are extensively used worldwide. PPI‐induced hypergastrinemia is one of the very few side effects associated with these drugs. However, because hypergastrinemia is related to the occurrence of colonic adenomatous polyps, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of gastrointestinal polyps and hypergastrinemia induced by PPIs. This study included 259 patients who underwent colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy between January and August 2007. Chart records, including medication history and fasting plasma gastrin level, were reviewed and analyzed. Any subtle polypoid lesions in the stomach and colon were sampled by biopsy for histological examination. Helicobacter pylori infection status was examined by a rapid urea test during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. All patients underwent endoscopy examinations. A total of 122 patients were receiving PPI treatment for either peptic ulcer disease or reflux esophagitis and were included as the study group. The remaining 137 patients were not treated with PPIs and served as the non‐PPI group. The mean fasting gastrin level in PPI users versus non‐PPI users was 121.8 ng/L versus 56.8 ng/L, respectively (p < 0.001). Although the prevalence of gastric gland polyps was higher in the PPI group (65.6% vs. 37.2%, p < 0.001), there was no difference in the prevalence of colonic adenomatous polyps observed (22.13% vs. 22.62%, p = 0.928). In conclusion, the prevalence of gastric polyps, particularly fundic gland polyps, was higher among PPI users. However, the prevalence of colonic polyps was not affected by PPI use, regardless of past history of colonic adenomatous polyps.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Adolescents and Children
Authors: Chen I‐Chen , Tseng Chien‐Ming , Hsu Jong‐Hau , Wu Jiunn‐Ren , Dai Zen‐Kong
Published: February 2010

Pneumomediastinum, the leakage of air or gas into the mediastinum, can be a primary or secondary diagnosis. Although spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is uncommon in pediatric respiratory disorders, it is potentially life‐threatening. In this study, we investigated the associations between various etiologies and clinical presentations, hospital length‐of‐stay, and clinical outcomes of SPM. From January 2004 to December 2007, we collected medical records and chest films from 23 pediatric patients with SPM. Results showed that increased hospital length‐of‐stay was significantly associated with asthma (p = 0.035), dyspnea/tachypnea (p = 0.01), and emergent visit (p = 0.04). Dysphagia was associated with shorter hospital stay (p = 0.058). Besides, the disorder was misdiagnosed initially in 21% of patients. In conclusion, there may be close relationships between the predisposing factors of SPM and its clinical manifestations. The high rate of misdiagnosis highlights the importance of careful examination and history taking in pediatric patients with chest pain.
Nephrotic Syndrome Complicated by Life‐Threatening Pulmonary Embolism in an Adult Patient
Authors: Chen Szu‐Chia , Liu Wan‐Chun , Lee Cheng‐Hsueh , Chang Jer‐Ming , Chen Hung‐Chun
Published: February 2010

We report a 23‐year‐old male presenting with edema. He was originally admitted for an elective renal biopsy for diagnosis of renal pathology. Unfortunately, because of acute abdominal pain an exploratory laparotomy was done. Progressive azotemia and oliguria then developed, and he required temporary hemodialysis. However, he suffered from sudden‐onset severe respiratory distress, and blood gas analysis showed profound hypoxemia with a marked arterial–alveolar oxygen difference. Assessment of a pulmonary embolism by radioisotope imaging was not possible because of his dependence on mechanical ventilation. Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin and intravenous methylprednisolone were given to treat the presumed pulmonary embolism and the underlying nephrotic syndrome. His partial oxygen level gradually increased after continuous heparin and steroid administration. Complete obliteration of one major pulmonary artery and partial obliteration of other smaller arteries were revealed by magnetic resonance angiography. He was discharged and followed‐up as an outpatient, and was given oral warfarin and prednisolone. Follow‐up magnetic resonance angiography 5 months later showed a normal pulmonary tree with no residual lesions.
Female Urethral Malignant Melanoma With Vesical Invasion: A Case Report
Authors: Akbas Alpaslan , Akman Tolga , Erdem Mehmet Remzi , Antar Baran , Kilicaslan Isin , Onol Sinasi Yavuz
Published: February 2010

We report a 75‐year‐old female with a primary urethral malignant melanoma. A mass protruding from inside the urethra was detected on physical examination. Abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass extending from the urethra with dimensions of 4 × 2 cm, and periurethral heterogenous fatty planes consistent with infiltration. The histopathologic examination was consistent with HMB45(+) malignant melanoma. We performed cystourethrectomy and bilateral inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy in one session. The pathology report revealed primary malignant melanoma of the urethra invading the inferior bladder wall. The patient received no adjuvant therapy because of cardiopulmonary morbidities and the presence of multiple pulmonary metastases. The patient eventually died 13 months after surgery.
Successful Conservative Treatment of Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Portomesenteric Venous Gas in A Patient With Septic Shock
Authors: Chou Chen‐Te , Su Wei‐Wen , Chen Ran‐Chou
Published: February 2010

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and portomesenteric venous gas (PMVG) are alarming radiological findings that signify bowel ischemia. The management of PI and PMVG remain a challenging task because clinicians must balance the potential morbidity associated with unnecessary surgery with inevitable mortality if the necrotic bowel is not resected. The combination of PI, portal venous gas, and acidosis typically indicates bowel ischemia and, inevitably, necrosis. We report a patient with PI and PMVG caused by septic shock who completely recovered after conservative treatment.