bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SESAM Q-switched Dy-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.1 µm
Authors: Pisani Fedele , Tang Pinghua , Canella Francesco , Giannotti Dario , Coluccelli Nicola , Annunziato Andrea , Prudenzano Francesco , Laporta Paolo , Galzerano Gianluca
Published: July 2024

We report on a passive Q-switching laser operation of an in-band pumped Dy-doped zirconium fluoride fiber using a commercially available semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Stable Q-switching pulse trains with minimum pulse duration of 460 ns, highest repetition frequency of 206 kHz, and pulse energy up to 1.7 µJ are demonstrated.
Post-processing of phase change material in a zero-change commercial silicon photonic process
Authors: Adya Uthkarsh , Sturm Daniel , Chen Rui , Wu Changming , Majumdar Arka , Li Mo , Moazeni Sajjad
Published: July 2024

Integration of phase change material (PCM) with photonic integrated circuits can transform large-scale photonic systems by providing non-volatile control over phase and amplitude. The next generation of commercial silicon photonic processes can benefit from the addition of PCM to enable ultra-low power, highly reconfigurable, and compact photonic integrated circuits for large-scale applications. Despite all the advantages of PCM-based photonics, today’s commercial foundries do not provide them in their silicon photonic processes yet. We demonstrate the first-ever electrically programmable PCM device that is monolithically post-processed in a commercial foundry silicon photonics process using a few fabrication steps and coarse-resolution photolithography. These devices achieved 1.4 dB/μm of amplitude switching contrast using a thin layer of 12.5 nm GeSbTe in this work. We have also characterized the reconfiguration speed as well as repeatability of these devices over 20,000 switching cycles. Our solution enables non-volatile photonic VLSI systems that can be fabricated at low cost and high reliability in a commercial foundry process, paving the way for the development of non-volatile programmable photonic integrated circuits for a variety of emerging applications.
Active phase locking of a three-aperture array using a corner cube lateral transfer reflector
Authors: Petrak Benjamin , Krainak Michael
Published: July 2024

We present a novel technique for coherent beam combining of a three-aperture array. In our method, a retroreflector samples the beam from the edge of each aperture and redirects the sampled beams back through the gap in the center. The sampled beams contain both angle and phase information for the three-aperture array, which can be used to lock the phase and tip/tilt. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we phase-lock the three-aperture array by maximizing the power through a pin hole of the far-field pattern of the sampled array via the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. This approach eliminates the need for bulky sampling optics, which is particularly advantageous for the large-diameter arrays required for long distance inter-satellite free-space optical communication.
Imaging-based terahertz pixelated metamaterials for molecular fingerprint sensing
Authors: Li Chun , Xiang Xingcheng , Wang Pan , Teng Yan , Chen Haonan , Li Weili , Yang Shengxin , Chen Benwen , Zhang Caihong , Wu Jingbo , Fan Kebin , Jin Biaobing , Jiang Ling , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of terahertz-enabled devices, the study of miniaturized and integrated systems has attracted significant attention. We experimentally demonstrate an imaging-based pixelated metamaterial for detecting terahertz molecular fingerprints related to intermolecular vibrations and large-amplitude intramolecular modes, including chemical identification and compositional analysis. The compact THz sensor consists of a 4 × 4 pixelated filter-detector array with transmission resonances tuned to discrete frequencies. The absorption spectra of analytes are computationally reconstructed from different spectral responses of meta-pixels, and the resulting information is characterized via near-field imaging. Due to the spectrometer-less operation principle, such imaging-based approaches provide an alternative method for developing sensitive, versatile, and miniaturized THz biosensors, especially for practical field deployment applications.
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in long-tailed macaques at Kosamphi Forest Park, Kumphawapi Monkey Garden, and Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park, North-east Thailand
Authors: Phosuk Issarapong , Thanchomnang Tongjit , Puimat Nattakan , Banglua Julalak , Jongthawin Jurairat
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: These three parks in North-east Thailand, Kosamphi Forest Park, Kumphawapi Monkey Garden, and Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park, are internationally recognized for sheltering long-tailed macaques. Overfeeding by tourists and locals significantly increases the frequency of human-macaque encounters. Being close to each other raises the chances of contracting gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and range of GI parasite infections in long-tailed macaques among the three major natural habitats.

Materials and Methods: Three hundred fecal samples were collected from long-tailed macaques, with 100 samples from each of the three study sites. The samples underwent Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique examination. Parasites were identified based on their morphology and size as observed under a light microscope.

Results: About 66.67% of the population had GI parasitic infection. Balantidium coli had the highest occurrence (41.66%), whereas Strongyloides spp. (24.33%), Trichuris spp. (18.33%), Entamoeba coli (10.33%), and Endolimax nana (2.33%) followed next in prevalence. A higher rate of single infections (41%) was reported compared to mixed infections (25.66%). At Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park, the prevalence rate of B. coli in long-tailed macaques was 70%, markedly higher than those reported at the other two study sites. In these areas, the first known case of B. coli infection occurred in long-tailed macaques. In the Kumphawapi Monkey Garden, the prevalence of Strongyloides spp. and Trichuris spp. infections was significantly greater (45% and 28%, respectively) compared to the other two areas.

Conclusion: In northeast Thailand, long-tailed macaques are predominantly infected with B. coli, causing GI protozoal infections. In this primate population of the region, Strongyloides and Trichuris species are common helminths. This study offers new knowledge on parasitic loads in Thai long-tailed macaques, essential for devising effective One Health approaches to prevent and manage zoonotic diseases.

Keywords: Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park, gastrointestinal parasite, Kosamphi Forest Park, Kumphawapi Monkey Garden, long-tailed macaques.
Gastroschisis survival improvement and early intervention: experience in a developing country
Authors: Rahayatri Tri Hening , Gunardi Harsya Dwindaru , Amin Rusdah Binti Muhammad , Tamba Riana Pauline
Published: July 2024

Background Gastroschisis is the most common abdominal congenital defect worldwide. While the mortality rate is 5–10% in developed countries, the rate escalates in developing countries due to less access to surgical care, and studies on the condition are scarce. Gastroschisis mortality and morbidity rates in Indonesia are unknown or unclear; little is also known about influencing factors that reveal epidemiological characteristics.
Objective To identify the rate and factors associated with gastroschisis mortality in Indonesia.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, which included neonates with gastroschisis who underwent defect closure surgery from January 2015 to September 2020. We explored possible influencing risk factors, including gestational age, birth weight, number of surgeries, age at closure, and presence of gastroschisis complications. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square or Fisher’s test.
Results  Of 49 neonates with gastroschisis, 42 were included in the study. Seven neonates were excluded due to incomplete medical records. The mortality rate of gastroschisis based on our data was 69%. The age at closure (<1 day) was significantly associated with lower mortality rate (P=0.005). In contrast, other factors, including gestational age, birth weight, number of surgeries, and the presence of complicated gastroschisis were not the risk factors of gastroschisis mortality.
Conclusion The mortality rate of gastroschisis is high in Indonesia, specifically at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Immediate closure is significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of death. Awareness, diagnosis, and efficient referral of gastroschisis from remote areas to a tertiary facility must be encouraged to reduce the high mortality rate.
Making choices in repetitive risky situations with immediate feedback
Authors: Babula Elżbieta , Mrzygłód Urszula
Published: July 2024

This study examines decision-making behavior under risk using a repeated choices experimental design with immediate feedback. The aim is to investigate the heuristics of choice under risk and their performance when feedback is provided immediately after each decision. The experimental results reveal that participants demonstrate a notable inclination to take risks, which is consistent with prior research indicating an increase in risk-taking with experience. Furthermore, the overall performance of the 11 tested heuristics in predicting participant decisions is found to be relatively low, with the 'least likely' heuristic emerging as the top performer and the 'minimax' heuristic exhibiting poor performance across all measures and decision problem types.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the local housing rental market in Poland
Authors: Hebdzyński Michał
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic that started in early 2020 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused multidimensional shocks to the housing market. Understanding their micro-level impact is crucial to optimizing future responses to similar shocks, designing sustainable urban and socio-economic policies, and investing. Based on the hedonic Spatial Error Model for the local housing rental market in Poland, during the pandemic, the valuation of the leisure-related apartment characteristics (the availability of a balcony and a private garden) increased. As tenants spent more time at home or in their neighbourhood, the proximity of housing to green areas became increasingly important, and the relevance of proximity to university buildings decreased. Then, amidst the war, a reluctance to use gas heating has been noticed. Combined with the observed price premium for the location of apartments in revitalised tenement houses, this means that the modernisation of the historic housing stock is not only ecologically desired, but also is capitalised in the achieved rents. The rent change throughout the pandemic has been estimated at -6.7%, while during the war-related crisis, at +29.7%. Finally, low sensitivity of hedonic rent indices to the detected changes in rent-setting factors has been found.
The Relationship Between Youth Perception of Social Support in Physical Activities and Leisure Time Management Attitude
Authors: DOĞAN Rafet Resul- , AKSOY Gamze , ALMACI Sevda , DEMİR Şeyma , TABUK Mustafa Ertan-
Published: June 2024

Participation in social and physical activities contributes to the social, physical and psychological development of youth. With the increasing importance of participation in physical activity in the fight against obesity, social support to direct youth to physical and social activities and the existence of programmes covering such activities gain importance. Social support for youth to participate in physical activities is related to their leisure time management planning. The main aim of the research is to identify the relationships between youth perceptions of social support for participation in physical activity and their leisure use and attitudes towards it. The study used a relational screening model. The questionnaire form designed to measure the perception of social support in physical activities and leisure time management attitude was applied face-to-face to high school graduated youth (n=1012). In the demographic data of the research, the findings that 92.2% of the participants are overweight, 71.1% (n=720) do not exercise regularly, 70.6% do not have membership to clubs, etc. that organize music, art or sports activities, and although they know that various activities are held in the living space (n=542, 53.6%), they are not aware of the activities (n=591, 58.4%) come to the fore. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was a positive relationship between peers and parents in the perception of social support. It was also found that perceptions of social support from parents and peers positively predicted leisure time management attitudes at a weak level. It is suggested that practices and activities to support the physical activity of youth should be increased and institutional solutions should be produced within the Ministry of Youth and Sports.
Sportmanship As One Of The Character Buildings For Football Athletes
Authors: NARTO Narto
Published: June 2024

Sportsmanship is an individual's attitude and behavior in sports in respecting rules, officials, social conventions, and respect for opponents carried out with a high commitment to sports. The aim of this research is to determine the attitude of sportsmanship as a form of character for football athletes. This research design uses literary research methods. The steps taken to review the literature are by exploring previous research related to sportsmanship to continue or criticize. The initial stage in the form of ideas or theories related to professionalism will be collected and grouped based on predetermined subthemes, after that separating data that supports the subtheme and separating information that is not directly related to the subtheme. Then the data analysis continues and it is narrated in detail according to the needs of this research. The data sources in this research are based on documentation and indexed WEB journals in the form of scientific research journals, dissertations, theses, research reports, textbooks, papers, seminars, official writings that discuss sportsmanship in character building in football athletes. The results of this research prove that one of the elements that supports sportsmanship in forming the character of football athletes is a sports environment that is created and aimed at developing the athlete's character, which is supported by coaches, parents, spectators, administrators, and the athletes themselves. The fundamental element of sportsmanship comes from the internalization of sportsmanship that has been instilled from an early age until the athlete is an adult.
Evaluation of Sustainable University Campuses and Sports Facilities from the Perspective of Administrators and Students: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Kadir , ÇELİK Veli Onur
Published: June 2024

Sustainable higher education institutions contribute to the building of a sustainable society at regional and global levels by raising individuals with environmental awareness. Universities can also offer their stakeholders the opportunity to lead a healthy life with the sports fields on their campuses In this context, the “campuses” and “sports fields” of 6 Turkish universities which are in the top ten of the UI GreenMetric list (ranked by country), were analyzed in a holistic structure with a qualitative paradigm in terms of sustainability officers, sports facilities managers and students. The research was designed in a case study pattern and supported by in-depth interviews and document analysis. In this direction, it was analyzed within the scope of themes and sub-themes with the descriptive analysis method. As a result of the findings, it has been found that the sustainability studies in the examined universities are mainly carried out on environmental sustainability such as energy, water and waste management. It has been revealed that the reason for this for legal obligations. In addition, it has been determined that the sustainability initiatives of private universities are carried out both with various sustainability rating systems (STARS, THE, etc.) and within the framework of an integrated program with students. The inclusion of the opinions of the participants of different statuses in the study enabled us to reach multi-dimensional findings and results in the research fields.
Child Abuse in Schools from the Perspective of Physical Education and Sports Teachers
Authors: GÜLER Yağmur , GÜLER Damla
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to reveal child abuse in schools from the perspectives of physical education and sports teachers and to provide suggestions for preventing abuse. Case study approach, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The participants of the study consisted of 7 physical education and sports teachers. In this study, semi-structured interview was used as a data collection tool and the data obtained were analysed by content analysis method. As a result of the research, the opinions of physical education and sport teachers were grouped under four categories: types of abuse, signs of abuse, areas open to abuse and suggestions for preventing abuse. Types of abuse were divided into 4 subcategories as physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. The types of abuse were determined as hitting by the teacher, performance pressure, nicknaming the student, secretly watching, making fun of each other's bodies, ignoring the students' desire to participate in competitions, and neglecting their nutritional needs in tournaments. Symptoms of abuse include quitting the branch, temper tantrums, unkempt appearance, need for love and attention, withdrawal and desire to be alone. Areas open to abuse were identified as changing rooms, out-of-school activities, toilets, areas not seen by the camera, basements and empty classrooms. Suggestions for preventing abuse include educational programmes, physical environment safety and ensuring safety in sports activities. Teachers emphasised that university level courses should be added to increase child protection awareness in the field of sport and in-service trainings should be organised for existing educators.
The Sportsman Ship Orientation of Generation Z
Authors: AKYÜZ Onur , BİLEN Serhat
Published: June 2024

In the research, it is purposed to analyze the sportsmanship orientation of the Z generation individuals born between 2000-2004 in terms of some variables. This research is a study that aims to examine some demographic characteristics (gender, age, sports club membership, regular exercise) and sportsmanship orientation of the Z generation individuals born between 2000-2004. The sample of the study consists of 233 Z generation individuals, 115 female and 118 men. As it is a means of collected information in the research; Developed by Vallerand, Briere, Blanchart and Provencher (1997), the original Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale (MSOS) and the Turkish adaptation of Gülfem Sezen Balçıkanlı (2010) was applied. The obtained data were examined by using the SPSS 22 package program. Percentage, frequency and mean values were used in the descriptive analyzes of the demographic characteristics of the participants in our study. “T-Test” was used for samples in the analysis of paired groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used in the comparative analysis of three or more groups, and Post-Hoc tests were used to determine which groups the differences originated from. As a result of the tests, it was seen that the sportsmanship orientation of the Z generation individuals born between the years 2000-2004 was at the "Medium" (79,36) level. In the base dimensions of "conforming to social norms, obedience to rules and management and showing respect for the other competitors", "Medium" sportsmanship orientations of the Z generation individuals were observed, and "High" level of sportsmanship orientation was observed in the "responsibility in sports" sub-dimension.
Reflective and critical thinking as determinants of academic achievement: A study in physical education and sport teacher candidates
Authors: SALMAN Fatih , ŞENEL Ender
Published: June 2024

This study examined the relationship between reflective thinking and academic achievement in physical education and sports teaching students. The research aimed to investigate to what extent the reflective and critical thinking tendencies of prospective physical education and sports teachers explain academic achievement. Based on John Dewey's vital and reflective thinking approaches, considered among thinking skills, an answer to this question was sought. A traditional and positivist paradigm was adopted as the research model, and a quantitative research approach was used. The study was designed with the relational method, and the relationship between critical and reflective thinking dispositions of physical education and sports teacher candidates and their academic achievement was analysed. The study group consisted of 200 participants studying in the first, second, third and fourth grades of the physical education and sports teaching program. The mean age of the participants was 22.20±2.98; 44.5% exercised regularly, and 49% were licensed athletes. Data collection tools included personal information forms, academic achievement grouping, the Critical Thinking Scale, and the Reflective Thinking Scale. The Critical Thinking Scale was adapted to Turkish using a two-dimensional model. The Reflective Thinking Scale has four sub-dimensions. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that some items were not suitable due to high error variances and cross-loading. After removing these items based on expert opinions, the remaining items in the reflection and critical reflection dimensions showed very good factor loadings. The reliability coefficients for the scale were satisfactory. Final year students scored higher in critical reflection and reflective thinking than third-grade students. No significant difference was found in critical openness, reflective skepticism, and critical thinking. Male physical education and sports teacher candidates scored higher in reflection, critical reflection, and reflective thinking tendency than their female counterparts. Consequently, the findings show that reflective thinking can potentially increase academic achievement in prospective physical education and sports teachers. These findings emphasize that developing thinking skills should be a priority in education programs.
Examining the Relationship Between Individual Innovativeness and Positive Future Expectation Levels of Physical Education Teacher Candidates
Authors: KURTULDU Tansu , DOĞAN İsa , İNAN Mehmet , YILDIRIM Mehmet
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of teacher candidates' individual innovativeness levels on their positive future expectations. A total of 412 teacher candidates, 194 women and 218 men, studying at sports science faculties of universities in Ankara, participated in the research. “Personal Information Form”, “Individual Innovativeness Scale” and “Positive Future Expectation Scale” were used in the data collection process. During the data analysis phase, Independent Samples T test, One Way ANOVA analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used in the SPSS 25.0 program. The research found that the individual innovativeness levels and positive future expectations of the teacher candidates were above the medium level. It was found that the individual innovativeness levels and positive expectations of teacher candidates differ according to the type of university (public, private) and the class they study in (p <0.05). It was observed that there was a positive relationship between the individual innovativeness level and positive future expectation among the teacher candidates participating in the research (p<0.05), and it was also determined that the individual innovativeness level positively affected the positive future expectation (pz0.05). As a result, it can be said that the high level of individual innovativeness in teacher candidates is a factor that increases positive future expectations.
Time Headway Using Computer Vision Integrated with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Taleb Obaidat Mohammed ,   Jordan University of Science and Technology
Published: July 2024

Time headway between vehicles is considered as an important microscopic traffic flow parameter that affects the safety and capacity of highway facilities. This research work intends to provide a field study of vehicle time headway distribution on Petra multilane highway that connects Irbid and Ramtha cities in Jordan. The main objective of this study is to integrate the utilization of Computer Vision (CV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to extract time-headway data, as well as to investigate the suitability of the negative exponential distribution for the random headway state and the normal distribution for the constant headway state. Time headway data was videotaped for moving traffic over two different periods, one having medium traffic volume and the other representing the rush hour. Five hundred observations of time headway were extracted through an AI Python code developed specifically for this task and vehicle image detection. 50% of the observations represented the random headway state and the other 250 observations represented the constant headway state. The developed regression analysis model for the extracted time headway data versus their associated frequencies shows a tendency toward negative exponential distribution (R2=0.98) for the random headway state, while showing a normal distribution relationship (R2=0.99) with chi-square test at a level of significance of 0.01. This indicates the successful integration between Computer Vision (CV) and AI in investigating suitable models for headway distributions. This finding will open the door for the usage of AI and computer vision in numerous applications of traffic and transportation engineering disciplines. Keywords: Computer vision (CV), Artificial intelligence (AI), Time headway
REFORMULATION OF CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGAL POLICIES IN THE DIGITAL BUSINESS ERA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Prabowo Muchammad Shidqon , Sulistianingsih Dewi
Published: July 2024

This study discusses the Reformulation of Consumer Protection Legal Policies in the Digital Business Era in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the reformulation of consumer protection legal policies in the digital business era in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive analytical method, normative juridical problem approach, primary and secondary legal materials. Descriptive data analysis qualitative deductive thinking. The result of the study is the current condition of consumer protection in Indonesia is measured through Law Number 8 of 1999 which regulates the behavior of business actors with the ultimate goal of providing protection to consumers. However, there are things that are considered so that this UUPK can be reformulated with the aim of perfecting the law. Consumers need to get protection not only from producers but also from the market place. These rules must be clear and firm so that consumers are truly protected.
SMART LOCK DOOR BERBASIS DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN RFID RC522 DAN MICROCONTROLLER ARDUINO NANO
Authors: Muzaki Imam , Amal Mochamad Ikhlasul , AlFarisi Masdi
Published: June 2024

Sistem keamanan yang semakin maju, pengamanan pintu rumah menjadi hal yang sangat  penting. Setiap rumah pasti memiliki pintu. Di era sekarang ini kunci konvensional sangat mudah dibuka oleh pencuri, sehingga diperlukannya kunci yang lebih praktis dan tingkat pengamanan yang tinggi. Solusi inovatif yang memanfaatkan sistem digital dan teknologi RFID dengan memanfaatkan E-KTP untuk memberikan keamanan tambahan dan kemudahan akses bagi pengguna. Dalam penelitian ini kami menggunakan komponen utama, yaitu RFID RC55 sebagai metode identifikasi pengguna, mikrokontroler Arduino Nano sebagai otak dari sistem, dan beberapa sensor pendukung lainnya. Sistem ini dirancang untuk menggantikan kunci konvensional dan memberikan kemampuan untuk membuka dan mengunci pintu secara otomatis melalui  identifikasi RFID. Penelitian ini melibatkan tahap perancangan, dan pemrograman perangkat lunak. Metode pengujian dan evaluasi dilakukan untuk memastikan kehandalan dan keamanan sistem smartlock door ini. Hasil penelitian ini berupa kode akses yaitu “73 f0 2a 96” dari RFID card 1, “04 3a 91 a2 11 5e 80” dari KTP 1, “04 80 61 9a 10 2a 80” dari KTP 2, dan “02 05 86 90 04 40 00” dari SIM.
Physiological network approach to prognosis in cirrhosis: A shifting paradigm
Authors: Oyelade Tope , Moore Kevin P. , Mani Ali R.
Published: July 2024

Decompensated liver disease is complicated by multi‐organ failure and poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients with liver failure often dictates clinical management. Current prognostic models have focused on biomarkers considered as individual isolated units. Network physiology assesses the interactions among multiple physiological systems in health and disease irrespective of anatomical connectivity and defines the influence or dependence of one organ system on another. Indeed, recent applications of network mapping methods to patient data have shown improved prediction of response to therapy or prognosis in cirrhosis. Initially, different physical markers have been used to assess physiological coupling in cirrhosis including heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, and skin temperature variability measures. Further, the parenclitic network analysis was recently applied showing that organ systems connectivity is impaired in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and can predict mortality in cirrhosis independent of current prognostic models while also providing valuable insights into the associated pathological pathways. Moreover, network mapping also predicts response to intravenous albumin in patients hospitalized with decompensated cirrhosis. Thus, this review highlights the importance of evaluating decompensated cirrhosis through the network physiologic prism. It emphasizes the limitations of current prognostic models and the values of network physiologic techniques in cirrhosis.
Structure, floristic composition, and dynamics of Pistacia atlantica subsp. atlantica communities in the north-west of Algeria
Authors: Amara M. , Bouazza M.
Published: July 2024

The forest species in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems already under threat from human and animal activities are now facing heightened vulnerability. This is evident with Pistacia atlantica in the extreme northwest of Algeria, which now occupies a smaller territory
than previously. Our study aims to identify and describe P. atlantica communities based on floristic, physiognomic, and dynamic aspects, using a phytoecological approach at the ecological station scale. In this study, the sigmatist phytosociological method was used, based on
floristic surveys that integrate all the ecological factors (climatic, edaphic, biotic and anthropic) responsible for the distribution of the vegetation. The climatic conditions in the far northwest of Algeria, from ancient times to the present day, are still favorable for the rehabilitation
and maintenance of P. atlantica. Results revealed four distinct P. atlantica groups, varying geographically and floristically. Transitions between groups trigger regressive phenomena, leading to environmental disturbance and a high degree of therophytisation (68%).
In conclusion, P. atlantica is experiencing dual-directional evolution, with regressive changes due to human pressures, leading to spiny/toxic species proliferation, and progressive changes within these clusters, promoting P. atlantica seed germination.
Evaluating a forestry partnership between a private company and local people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a political ecology approach
Authors: Hidayat H. , Acciaioli G. , Jafar TB. M. , Rachmawan D. , Sianipar C.P.M. , Sundary L.V. , Siburian R. , Ekawati S. , Utomo M.B.
Published: July 2024

The national social forestry program, launched to encompass 12.7 million hectares, aims to maintain sustainable forest management, to empower local people in their socioeconomic lives, to open job employment, and to mitigate land tenure conflicts. Community empowerment through forestry
partnerships between private companies and local communities seeks to provide the benefit of optimal forest resource management and to operate fairly in order to improve the welfare of local communities. In this sense, the goal is for the local community to benefit directly through strengthening
capacity and gradually develop into a strong economic actor ‐ independent, responsible and professional. This article aims to accomplish two critical objectives: 1) to examine the significance of forestry partnerships as media of local people’s empowerment in their socioeconomic
lives; and 2) to explore joint forest management (JFM) in regard to collaboration among actors ‐ private companies, academics, NGOs, local governments and local communities ‐ in the management of agroforestry and promotion of ecotourism through better facilities and management
of such attractions as the Tambalang Waterfall in East Kalimantan. Findings indicate that the forestry partnerships under the aegis of the social forestry program can have very positive effects in terms of mitigating land tenure conflict, building local infrastructure such as roads and drainage
facilities to prevent floods, soil erosion, and other disasters, and empowering local people in the framework of an agroforestry program. This study used a qualitative approach, including such methods as in-depth interviews, participatory observation and library research. A variant of political
ecology was used as a theoretical framework in order to emphasise the role of actors in the program.
Temperature optimization model to inhibit zero-order kinetic reactions
Authors: Januardi Januardi , Nugraha Aditya Sukma
Published: July 2024

Originally, the Arrhenius parameters were used to estimate the rate of chemical reactions. This article aims to develop the optimal temperature to inhibit specific zero-order kinetic reactions. The model extends the use of the Arrhenius equation and heat capacity modeling to derive the optimal temperature solution. Specifically, the Arrhenius equation, which connects temperature to reaction rates, and the heat equation are formulated to create a comprehensive heat accumulation model. Analytical modeling is utilized through a derivative process to provide optimization. According to a case study of carotene oxidation, the derivative solution proposes −1.73 °C and can extend the reaction time by 206,160.29 days compared to a solution with no temperature change. The derivative solution also offers higher advantages in practical application than setting the lowest temperature limit due to the high initial energy requirement. The temperature derivative solution exhibits a global optimum property because of its high heat accumulation and slower kinetic reactions. These slower kinetic reactions can prevent reactant substances from deteriorating, making them valuable for maintaining a chemical’s shelf life. The temperature solutions offer valuable insights for devising an effective temperature strategy to inhibit specific chemical processes and verifying the relationship between temperature and heat accumulation with curvature.
Kraft pulping of model wood chips: local impact of process conditions on hardwood delignification and xylan retention
Authors: Marion de Godoy Carolina , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans
Published: July 2024

Local evolution of delignification and xylan removal inside wood chips was investigated throughout the initial stages of kraft cooking. Model chips of birch sapwood were pulped at 145, 155 and 165 °C, utilizing white liquors with hydroxide content ranging from 0.25 to 0.55 mol/kg. The composition of different sections in each cooked sample was then determined. Xylan was isolated from selected samples and analyzed using size exclusion chromatography and HSQC NMR. Most changes in concentration and structure of residual xylan occurred early in the process (<45 min). Furthermore, xylan samples isolated from the tissue of different cooked chips had similar average molecular weights, indicating that temperature and alkali content had little impact over the extent of reactions affecting residual xylan. In contrast, xylan dissolution was significantly dependent on pulping conditions, increasing with hydroxide concentration. The lignin profile inside the cooked chips also varied with alkali content and temperature, and it was shown to be more uniform when applying low cooking temperatures (145 °C). Finally, increased delignification and xylan removal were detected close to the transverse surfaces of chips (likely due to the fast mass transport in vessels/lumen), implying that anatomical features of wood can have a significant impact on pulping.
Novel homozygous mutation in SCNN1A gene in an Iranian boy with PHA1B
Authors: Saffari Fatemeh , Bahadoran Ensiyeh , Homaei Ali , Moghbelinejad Sahar
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) has two genetically distinct variants, including renal and systemic forms. Systemic PHA type I (PHA1B) has varying degrees of clinical presentation and results from mutations in genes encoding subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) including the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. To date, about 45 variants of PHA1B have been identified.

Case presentation

We report a boy with PHA1B, who presented with vomiting, lethargy, and poor feeding due to salt wasting six days after birth. The patient had electrolyte imbalances. A novel SCNN1A (sodium channel epithelial subunit alpha) gene mutation, NM_001038.6:c.1497G>C, with an autosomal recessive pattern, was identified by whole exosome sequencing. This variant was inherited as a homozygote from both heterozygous parents.

Conclusions

PHA should be considered in neonates with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. This case report presents a patient with a novel mutation in SCNN1A that has not been previously reported. Long-term follow-up of identified patients to understand the underlying phenotype-–genotype link is necessary.
Speech and sign: the whole human language
Authors: Sandler Wendy
Published: July 2024

After more than sixty years of research, it is now widely accepted that sign languages are real languages, sharing key properties with spoken languages. This means that spoken and signed languages together comprise one natural language system in some sense. But that is not the whole story. Here I probe more deeply into the two systems, and focus on the differences between them -- differences that are pervasive, systematic, and predictable. Taking the existence of two identical articulators in sign languages, the two hands, as a case in point, I show how the physical channel of transmission profoundly influences linguistic structure. Further support for the characterization of language proposed here, different systems in the same faculty, comes from the newly emerging sign language of the Al-Sayyid Bedouins. The Whole Human Language can only be fully understood by admitting and elaborating two types of language in one language faculty, and by acknowledging the fundamental role of the body in determining language form.
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STATE
Authors: Biter Gülhanım
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to provide an account of the transformation of the social state following the enactment of neoliberal policies and the reflection of this transformation on social responsibility projects in Turkey. Employing the document analysis method, the present study examined the education-related social responsibility projects of the six companies about the cooperation in the projects, in attempts to explore whether these projects complied with the 10 high-priority targets related to education designated by Article 4 of SDGs (SDG4), which was enacted in the realm of education under the leadership of the United Nations (UN). In these projects, public institutions were the most common partners (n=13), followed by NGOs (n=5), private sector (n=3), and international institutions (n=1), respectively, whereas there was no cooperation with any institution in the four projects. The results indicated that although the projects provided a social benefit in terms of social development and integration, they remained inadequate in ensuring inclusiveness for all citizens and replacing the services carried out by the social state for the continuity and welfare of the society.
KÜRESELLEŞME VE İMTİYAZ SÖZLEŞMELERİNDE ULUSLARARASI TAHKİM
Authors: Özel Kadir Can
Published: June 2024

13 Ağustos 1999 tarihli Anayasa değişikliği ülkemiz idare hukukunda önemli değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Anayasa’nın 47. maddesinde, 125. maddesinde ve 155. maddesinde yapılan değişiklikler buna örnek gösterilebilir. 47. maddede yapılan değişiklikle, kanun koyucuya idarenin imzaladığı sözleşmelerin niteliğini belirleme yetkisi tanınmıştır. 125. maddede yapılan değişiklikle, kamu hizmetleriyle ilgili imtiyaz şartlaşma ve sözleşmelerinden doğacak uyuşmazlıklar için ulusal ve uluslararası tahkimin önü anayasal kurguda açılmıştır. 155. maddede yapılan değişiklikle, Danıştay’ın imtiyaz şartlaşma ve sözleşmeleri hakkında yaptığı ‘inceleme’ görevi ‘düşünce bildirme’ görevine dönüştürülmüş ve imtiyaz sözleşmeleri üzerindeki denetimi azaltılmıştır. Böylelikle imtiyaz sözleşmeleri bağlamında Türk (idari) yargısının ve Türk (idare) hukukunun uygulama alanının daralması gündeme gelmektedir. Ayrıca devletin egemenliğinden kaynaklanan yargılama yetkisinin uluslararası tahkim yargılamasına terk edilmesiyle egemenlik, kamu düzeni, kamu yararı kavramlarında zedelenmeler ortaya çıkabilecektir. Sayılan sebeplerle çalışmamızda imtiyaz sözleşmelerinde uluslararası tahkim, küreselleşme bağlamında yabancı yatırımların teşvikine katkı sunan ancak küresel sermayenin faaliyetlerini ve yatırımlarını -çoğunlukla ulusötesi şirketler aracılığıyla- dilediği gibi bir hukuksal zeminde yapmasına olanak tanıyan bir uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemi olarak ele alınmıştır.
Sosyal Devlet Politikaları Bağlamında Erzurum Gurebâ Hastanesi
Authors: Çekim Meryem
Published: June 2024

Osmanlı toplumunda sosyal yardım müessesesi olarak benimsenen sağlık kuruluşları Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde ilerleme kaydederek ülke topraklarının geneline yayılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Erzurum Gurebâ Hastanesi sosyal devlet politikaları bağlamında ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Çeşitli hastalıkların tedavi edildiği kamu hastaneleri niteliğinde olan gurebâ hastaneleri; halkın yardımları, belediyelerin ayırdığı tahsisat ve devlet adamlarının teşebbüsleri ile yapılmıştır. Bu yapılardan biri Erzurum Gurebâ Hastanesi olup 1 Eylül 1904’te resmi olarak açılmıştır. Hastaneye Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in ismine izafeten Hamidiye adı verilmiştir. Halktan toplanan yardımlar, Erzurum Belediye Başkanı Şerif Bey’in katkılarıyla yapılan hastanede yoksullar, kimsesizler, yaralı askerler, salgın hastalıklara yakalanan kişiler ücretsiz bir şekilde tedavi edilmiştir. Hastanenin bakım, onarım, daimi masrafları başta Erzurum Belediyesi tarafından karşılanmıştır. Belediye bir süre sonra bu masrafları karşılayamayacak duruma gelmiş ve devlet yardımına başvurulmuştur. Beklenen yardım uzun süre tahsil edilmeyince hastane 1913’te özel idareye bağlanmış, 1923’ten sonra ise numune hastanesine dönüştürülmüştür.
MEKTEBO MİYANİN ZAZAKİ KITABÊ MUSNAYİŞİ ADLI DERS KİTABINDA ZAZA FOLKLORÜ
Authors: Dağılma İbrahim
Published: June 2024

Folklor, toplumsal yaşam ve kültürel değerlerini içeren bir alandır. Bu alan, işlevsel olarak geniştir. Dil öğrenimi ve öğretiminde karşımıza çıkan ilk edebi ürünler folklorik anlatılardır. Folklor ürünleri, ilgili anadili öğrenme sürecinde bir araç, dili öğrendikten sonra hem araç hem amaç görevi görür. Dil, başkaca yöntemlerle de öğrenilir; fakat folklorik bir metinle dil öğrenildiği gibi öğretilir ve aktarılır. Folklor, bir milletin kültürünü tanıma, aktarma, zamanı değerlendirme ve değerler eğitimi vermede önemli bir öğedir. Dil öğretimi eksenli yazılan ders kitaplarında kültür aktarımı, değerler eğitimi ve pedagojik yöntemler öne çıkar. Folklorik ürünler, bu özellikleri güçlüce barındırdığı için dil dersi kitaplarında bu öğelere yer verilir. Zazaca, unutulmaya yüz tutan diller arasında yer alır. Bu dilin korunması ve yaşatılması adına folklorik ürünlerin toplanması ve aktarılması gereklidir. Zazaca dil kitapları ve ders kitaplarının yazılması ve folklorik öğeler içermesi Zazaca dil ürünlerinin toplanması, korunması ve öğretilmesinde önemlidir. Ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar için hazırlanmış Zazaca ders kitapları dil öğretimi açısından ve öğrenim çıktısı yönünden folklorik ürünlere yer vermiştir. Seçmeli ders kapsamında MEB okullarında ders kitabı olarak okutulan bu kitaplar Zazaca öğretiminde ve Zaza folklorunun örneklerle aktarılmasında bir rol üstlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada bu ders kitaplarında yer alan folklor ürünleri ilgili başlıklar altında veri olarak ele alınacaktır.
GÖÇ YOLLARINDA KADIN: SANATIN DİLİNDE GÖÇ VE ÇAĞDAŞ SANATTAKİ YANSIMALARI
Authors: Kaya Burcu
Published: June 2024

Göç, insanlık tarihinde köklü bir geçmişe sahip olup farklı nedenlerle ortaya çıkmış bir olgudur. İnsanlar, yaşadıkları yerleri değiştirme eylemini çeşitli amaçlarla gerçekleştirmişlerdir: yaşam standartlarını yükseltme, zorlu koşullardan kaçma, siyasi baskı veya kişisel tercihler. Bu doğal bir hayatta kalma ve kendini koruma çabasıdır. Göç, sosyal, psikolojik, ekonomik ve kültürel boyutları içeren çok yönlü bir konudur. Sanatta da göç, edebiyattan sinemaya kadar birçok alanda işlenmiş, özellikle Türk resim sanatında göç teması önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Çalışma, tarihsel bir araştırma yöntemi kullanarak göçün, özellikle Türkiye'deki ekonomik nedenli 1950'ler sonrası ve günümüzdeki savaşlar ve iç karışıklıklar gibi sebeplerle nasıl evrimleştiğini ve sanat üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kadınların göç sürecindeki rolü, göçmenlerin özellikleri ve göçün ekonomik-siyasi etkileri çalışmanın odak noktalarını oluşturur.