bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Indigo Naturalis Suppository for Topical Induction Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Naganuma Makoto , Sugimoto Shinya , Tanemoto Shun , Umeda Satoko , Fukuda Tomohiro , Nomura Ena , Yoshida Kosuke , Ono Keiko , Mutaguchi Makoto , Nanki Kosaku , Mizuno Shinta , Mikami Yohei , Fukuhara Kayoko , Sujino Tomohisa , Takabayashi Kaoru , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwao Yasushi , Kanai Takanori
Published: June 2019

Background: Indigo naturalis (IN) consists of ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we demonstrated that an 8-week treatment with oral IN is effective in inducing a clinical response in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Some UC patients with proctitis are refractory to topical mesalamine or corticosteroids and therefore require an alternative topical treatment. Objectives: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of IN suppositories in UC patients. Method: We performed an open-label, single-center, prospective pilot study from February 2018 to October 2018. A total of 10 patients with active UC, who had moderate to severe inflammation from the rectum to the sigmoid colon, were enrolled. The patients received a daily dose of 50 mg IN suppository for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety at week 4. Results: Although 1 patient experienced anal pain, no serious adverse events were observed. At week 4, the rates of clinical remission and mucosal healing were 30 and 40%, respectively. Mayo rectal bleeding subscores significantly improved after treatment (1.80 ± 0.13 vs. 0.90 ± 0.28; p = 0.009). Approximately 80% of the patients with a baseline Mayo endoscopic subscore in the rectum (r-MES) of 2 achieved mucosal healing, but those with a baseline r-MES of 3 did not. Conclusions: We found that 4 weeks of IN suppository can be tolerated by UC patients, but its efficacy was limited by the severity of the disease. Further investigation will be needed in order to confirm the optimum dose of IN suppository for patients with UC.
Variaciones sobre Rosa Parks. Estéticas de la crisis de la modernidad en la obra de Itziar Pascual
Authors: Magnin Lucas Luciano
Published: June 2019

en este artículo presento una clave de lectura de Variaciones sobre Rosa Parks, obra de la dramaturga española Itziar Pascual, vencedora del prestigioso Premio Valle Inclán de teatro del año 2007. Sugiero aquí que es posible reconocer en esta obra una serie de preocupaciones, estrategias y recursos estilísticos propios de las estéticas del tiempo de la crisis de la modernidad que atraviesan las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas (lo que a menudo suele denominarse “estéticas posmodernas”). Mediante un análisis general de la obra, intentaré señalar pulsiones como la fragmentación, la subjetividad y el rechazo de las miradas dogmáticas, además del uso de recursos como la contaminación de géneros, la intertextualidad y la repetición.
Characteristics of Moyamoya Disease Based on National Registry Data in Japan
Authors: Sato Yoko , Kazumata Ken , Nakatani Eiji , Houkin Kiyohiro , Kanatani Yasuhiro
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

A public registration system for intractable diseases was started in Japan in 1972 to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of intractable diseases while reducing out-of-pocket medical expenses on patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Moyamoya disease using data from applications submitted to this system between 2004 and 2008.

Methods—

In addition to demographic factors such as onset age and family history, we evaluated clinical presentation type, imaging findings, clinical symptoms, and functioning in activities of daily living (ADL).

Results—

Of 3859 cases for which applications were submitted, 2545 were confirmed to meet the diagnostic criteria after data cleansing. Onset age showed a bimodal distribution, and Moyamoya disease had a higher incidence in women than in men. The presence of occlusion and infarction in the proximal region of the anterior cerebral artery was more frequent in pediatric cases than adult cases. Our findings also indicated that 23% of patients required assistance with ADL. Cerebral infarction (odds ratio [OR], 12.5; 95% CI, 3.55–44.66), seizure (OR, 7.44; 95% CI, 1.29–42.96), and sensory disorders (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.15–23.75) were identified as significant predictors of impaired ADL in pediatric cases 3 years after the initial application. Moderate ADL function (OR, 11.59; 95% CI, 5.29–25.39) and intellectual disabilities (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.58–12.17) at the time of the application were identified as significant prognostic factors in adults.

Conclusions—

The results of this study indicated that characteristics of Moyamoya disease such as onset type, symptoms, and imaging abnormalities differ with onset age. Prognostic analyses suggested that pediatric cases with good ADL but with infarct type onset, seizure, or sensory disorders might have a subsequent decline in ADL.
Contextualized Translations of Phrasal Verbs with Distributional Compositional Semantics and Monolingual Corpora
Authors: Gamallo Pablo , Sotelo Susana , Pichel José Ramom , Artetxe Mikel
Published: June 2019

This article describes a compositional distributional method to generate contextualized senses of words and identify their appropriate translations in the target language using monolingual corpora. Word translation is modeled in the same way as contextualization of word meaning, but in a bilingual vector space. The contextualization of meaning is carried out by means of distributional composition within a structured vector space with syntactic dependencies, and the bilingual space is created by means of transfer rules and a bilingual dictionary. A phrase in the source language, consisting of a head and a dependent, is translated into the target language by selecting both the nearest neighbor of the head given the dependent, and the nearest neighbor of the dependent given the head. This process is expanded to larger phrases by means of incremental composition. Experiments were performed on English and Spanish monolingual corpora in order to translate phrasal verbs in context. A new bilingual data set to evaluate strategies aimed at translating phrasal verbs in restricted syntactic domains has been created and released.
Connection strength of the macaque connectome augments topological and functional network attributes
Authors: de Lange Siemon C. , Ardesch Dirk Jan , van den Heuvel Martijn P.
Published: June 2019

Mammalian brains constitute complex organized networks of neural projections. On top of their binary topological organization, the strength (or weight) of these neural projections can be highly variable across connections and is thus likely of additional importance to the overall topological and functional organization of the network. Here we investigated the specific distribution pattern of connection strength in the macaque connectome. We performed weighted and binary network analysis on the cortico-cortical connectivity of the macaque provided by the unique tract-tracing dataset of Markov and colleagues (2014) and observed in both analyses a small-world, modular and rich club organization. Moreover, connectivity strength showed a distribution augmenting the architecture identified in the binary network version by enhancing both local network clustering and the central infrastructure for global topological communication and integration. Functional consequences of this topological distribution were further examined using the Kuramoto model for simulating interactions between brain regions and showed that the connectivity strength distribution across connections enhances synchronization within modules and between rich club hubs. Together, our results suggest that neural pathway strength promotes topological properties in the macaque connectome for local processing and global network integration.
Parasola psathyrelloides (Psathyrellaceae), a new species from Kerala State, India
Authors: GANGA K. G. GREESHMA , MANIMOHAN PATINJAREVEETTIL
Published: June 2019

Parasola psathyrelloides sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India, based on both morphological and molecular data. Comprehensive description, photographs, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. Sequences of both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) region of the new species were obtained and used in BLASTn searches. The phylogenetic study was based on Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the ITS sequences.
Paphiopedilum erythroanthum, a new species of slipper orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: LIAO XING-YU , ZHANG DI-YANG , LAN SI-REN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: June 2019

A new species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae) from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on examining morphological and molecular evidence. Morphological comparisons indicate that the new species P. erythroanthum is somewhat similar to P. henryanum, from which it differs by its shorter scape, larger and purple-red flower without purple spots, an obovate dorsal sepal, narrowly oblong petals with recurved apex and a cordate staminode. Molecular analyses of combined nuclear and plastid datasets (ITS and matK) indicate that P. erythroanthum is sister to P. notatisepalum, which has leaves with large yellow spots, a shorter scape, larger flower, white sepals and petals with large purple spots. The morphological and molecular evidence support the hypothesis that P. erythroanthum is a new species.
The sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena and Puyuhuapi Fjord (Chile), with a description of two new species
Authors: BERTOLINO MARCO , COSTA GABRIELE , REBOA ANNA , BAVESTRELLO GIORGIO , PANSINI MAURIZIO , BETTI FEDERICO , BO MARZIA , DANERI GIOVANNI
Published: June 2019

The presence of fjords, islands and channels originating from glacial erosion and ice cap retreat, makes the Chilean benthic biodiversity difficult to explore and study. Our survey of this region allowed the identification of 29 Demospongiae species in total. Two of them are new to science and here described: Biemna lutea sp. nov., and Hamigera cleistochela sp. nov.. Two species (Clathria (Clathria) microxa and Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) patagonica,) are new for the region and the Chilean fjords. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) patagonica was found for the second time after the original description by Ridley & Dendy, 132 years ago. These results – considering the small number of species identified on the whole – are promising and confirm that the marine biodiversity of Chilean fjords is remarkable but not well known yet.
Healthy People, Healthy Community: Evaluation of a train-the-trainers programme for community health workers on water, sanitation and hygiene in rural Haiti
Authors: Yu Xiaoran , Pendse Asmita , Slifko Shay , Inman Arpana G , Kong Peggy , Knettel Brandon A
Published: June 2019

Objective:

This evaluation examined the effectiveness and cultural compatibility of a community health worker (CHW) training programme on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Haiti.

Design:

Mixed-methods including pre- and post-course tests of WASH knowledge, focus group discussions and semi-structured observation.

Setting:

Haiti is among the world’s most underdeveloped nations for WASH infrastructure. In rural areas of the country, fewer than half of households have access to clean water and 22% have adequate sanitation facilities. The study evaluated a ‘train-the-trainer’ programme in rural southeast Haiti.

Methods:

Participants were 22 CHW supervisors responsible for training and monitoring the work of rural junior health agents (JHAs). The training programme was delivered by international trainers and consisted of 1 week of classroom training and 1 week of community-based experiential learning. Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess changes in knowledge, and robust qualitative methods were used to analyse focus group discussion and observation data.

Results:

Participants showed statistically significant improvement in WASH knowledge from pre- to post-test. In experiential supervisor-led training sessions, participants effectively conveyed course content to JHAs, and successful home visits demonstrated the potential for content to reach community members. The programme would benefit from providing educational materials to enhance dissemination. Participants expressed dissatisfaction with translations of course content and requested more frequent training, more emphasis on leadership development and specific content areas for future training.

Conclusion:

The CHW training programme enhanced trainees’ WASH knowledge and capacity to educate JHAs to disseminate the knowledge to local residents. The train-the-trainer model offers a cost-effective strategy for building local capacity for health education.
The More You Know: Trust Dynamics and Calibration in Highly Automated Driving and the Effects of Take-Overs, System Malfunction, and System Transparency
Authors: Kraus Johannes , Scholz David , Stiegemeier Dina , Baumann Martin
Published: June 2019

Objective

This paper presents a theoretical model and two simulator studies on the psychological processes during early trust calibration in automated vehicles.

Background

The positive outcomes of automation can only reach their full potential if a calibrated level of trust is achieved. In this process, information on system capabilities and limitations plays a crucial role.

Method

In two simulator experiments, trust was repeatedly measured during an automated drive. In Study 1, all participants in a two-group experiment experienced a system-initiated take-over, and the occurrence of a system malfunction was manipulated. In Study 2 in a 2 × 2 between-subject design, system transparency was manipulated as an additional factor.

Results

Trust was found to increase during the first interactions progressively. In Study 1, take-overs led to a temporary decrease in trust, as did malfunctions in both studies. Interestingly, trust was reestablished in the course of interaction for take-overs and malfunctions. In Study 2, the high transparency condition did not show a temporary decline in trust after a malfunction.

Conclusion

Trust is calibrated along provided information prior to and during the initial drive with an automated vehicle. The experience of take-overs and malfunctions leads to a temporary decline in trust that was recovered in the course of error-free interaction. The temporary decrease can be prevented by providing transparent information prior to system interaction.

Application

Transparency, also about potential limitations of the system, plays an important role in this process and should be considered in the design of tutorials and human-machine interaction (HMI) concepts of automated vehicles.
Responding to an Unexpected In-Flight Event: Physiological Arousal, Information Processing, and Performance
Authors: Kinney Lana , O’Hare David
Published: June 2019

Objective

The study was designed to investigate whether a simulated unexpected abnormal flight event can lead to startle and explore differences in behavioral responses between expected and unexpected abnormal flight events.

Background

Recent research suggests startle (an autonomic response to an acute stimulus) following unexpected abnormal flight events can impact pilot performance and can increase the probability of a negative outcome following the event.

Method

Information processing, physiological measures, and performance differences between responses to expected and unexpected flight events were compared. General aviation (GA) pilots flew a series of flights in a fixed-base flight simulator including two experimental flights which included an unexpected and an expected, engine failure. During the flights, heart rate, eye tracking, and flight data were recorded.

Results

During the unexpected engine failure, pilots showed greater increases in heart rate and pupil dilation. Significant differences in scanning were evident with fewer areas scanned following the unexpected event. During the unexpected engine failure, performance was impaired when compared to the expected events. However, poor performance was not associated with higher levels of arousal.

Conclusion

The study provides an empirical demonstration of impaired pilot response to unexpected events with associated symptoms consistent with the induction of startle. The present research builds on Landman et al.’s conceptual model of startle and surprise.

Application

Standardized training protocols may not adequately prepare pilots to deal with the unexpected effects of startle in real-world encounters. Introducing greater variety into training events may be useful. The effects of startle in disrupting well-trained responses may also occur in areas other than aviation where critical events may occur unexpectedly or present in an unfamiliar manner.
An improved transmitter system to accurately measure wet-bulb temperature of air
Authors: Yan Liangwen , Yu Peng , Hu Sijung , Gao Qiu , Li Wei , Qian Fengfeng
Published: June 2019

A cost-effective measurement of wet-bulb temperature of air has great benefits to fulfill a growing demand of industry, cultivation agriculture, and medication. Applying an appropriate algorithm to wet-bulb temperature of air measurement can effectively improve the accuracy and speed of its measurement. The study aims to research how an improved transmitter system along with the latent heat–based iteration algorithm is used to precisely measure wet-bulb temperature of air. The work consists of (1) simulation of the iteration algorithm and (2) validation via experimental protocol. The simulation results through latent heat–based iteration algorithm were in good agreement ( R2≥ 0.99) with the reference. The performance of the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system was tested by a latent heat–based iteration algorithm experimental setup. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air in a good consistency with commercial wet-bulb temperature of air in a range of temperature (15°C–34°C) and relative humidity (28.8%–76.2%). The Bland–Altman plot also shows that the mean value and the standard deviation of the differences between these two systems are 0.14°C and 0.29°C, respectively, which indicates that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air has a good agreement as well. Compared with the commercial wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system, an advanced processor (STM32F103C8T6) and real-time operating system was applied in the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system. The experimental results show that its measurement accuracy is closer to the previous study. This study provides an alternative and cost-effective solution to accurately and real-time measure wet-bulb temperature of air.
Lead and lag controller design in fractional-order control systems
Authors: Dogruer Tufan , Tan Nusret
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a controller design method using lead and lag controllers for fractional-order control systems. In the presented method, it is aimed to minimize the error in the control system and to obtain controller parameters parametrically. The error occurring in the system can be minimized by integral performance criteria. The lead and lag controllers have three parameters that need to be calculated. These parameters can be determined by the simulation model created in the Matlab environment. In this study, the fractional-order system in the model was performed using Matsuda’s fourth-order integer approximation. In the optimization model, the error is minimized by using the integral performance criteria, and the controller parameters are obtained for the minimum error values. The results show that the presented method gives good step responses for lead and lag controllers.
Fuzzy proportional-integral speed control of switched reluctance motor with MATLAB/Simulink and programmable logic controller communication
Authors: Uysal Ali , Gokay Serdar , Soylu Emel , Soylu Tuncay , Çaşka Serkan
Published: June 2019

In this study, the auto-tuning proportional-integral controller is used to control the speed of a switched reluctance motor. The control algorithm is executed by the programmable logic controller. The proportional integral gains are determined via fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is executed on a separate computer via MATLAB/Simulink software. The data exchange between the programmable logic controller and MATLAB/Simulink is done with object linking embedding/component for the process. The fuzzy proportional integral control algorithm is compared with the conventional proportional integral controller. We reduced the load on the programmable logic controller via executing fuzzy logic in a separate computer and at the same time eliminated the disadvantages of the conventional proportional-integral controller. With the proposed method, the engine reached the reference speed value in a short time and the overshoots were eliminated in variable conditions such as different load and different speed conditions.
Demand-side Factors for Financial Inclusion: A Cross-country Empirical Analysis
Authors: Yangdol Rigzin , Sarma Mandira
Published: June 2019

The importance of an inclusive financial system in the overall growth and economic development of a nation is well recognized. While most studies on financial inclusion use supply-side data, this article presents a demand-side analysis of factors associated with financial inclusion. Making use of a large cross-country data on financial inclusion status and individual characteristics of adult individuals, we econometrically establish that individual characteristics and economic circumstances play very significant role in determining financial inclusion of adult individuals, after taking into account other factors of the country. The article uses three indicators of financial inclusion and several explanatory variables such as country-specific factor (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita), individual characteristics and individual economic circumstances of adult individuals from different countries. We find that in general, being woman, less educated, jobless and poor are negatively associated with financial inclusion of individuals. Enhanced level of education and income, in general, enhances likelihood of financial inclusion. These findings should be taken into account while formulating policies towards promotion of financial inclusion.
Health-Care Professionals Perceived Barriers to Effective Cancer Pain Management in the Home Hospice Setting: Is Dying at Home Really Best?
Authors: Johnson Lee A. , Bell Cynthia J. , Ridner Sheila , Murphy Barbara
Published: June 2019

Hospice health-care professionals (HCP) evaluate and manage cancer pain in patient homes. This study explores HCP’s perceptions of barriers that affect pain management for home hospice cancer patients. A convenience sample of 20 experienced hospice HCP were recruited from a regional hospice agency. Data were collected through two focus groups using semistructured interviews and analyzed using a constant comparative approach to generate themes. An unexpected finding revealed patient’s religious and cultural beliefs about suffering and family caregiver’s beliefs that patients deserve to suffer due to past actions are barriers to pain management in home hospice. Hospice HCP can identify patients at risk for suffering at the end of life. Interventions targeting spiritual suffering and needs are needed. Home hospice HCP have an ethical obligation to address undue suffering through family’s withholding of necessary pain medications and should consider alternative placement when home is not suitable for a peaceful death.
Sociological Imagination and Literary Sensitivity: A Tribute to M. N. Srinivas
Authors: Jayaram N.
Published: June 2019

M. N. Srinivas is undoubtedly the most readable among sociologists in India. For him, the way he wrote about a subject was as important as the subject itself. This lent a literary flavour to his writings. His writings are, in fact, imbued with a rare combination of sociological imagination and literary sensitivity; The Remembered Village, his masterpiece is perhaps the best illustration of this. In his Hassan Raja Rao Lecture, titled ‘Social Anthropology and Literary Sensibility’ (1998), he explained the relevance and importance of such sensitivity for sociologists engaged in understanding society and culture. Taking a cue from this, the instant lecture examines the mutual relations between sociological imagination and literary sensitivity. Substantively, it elucidates the sociological imagination embedded in literature and the consequent importance of literature for the sociologist.
Agency, futurity and representation: Conceptualising hope in recent sociological work
Authors: Cook Julia , Cuervo Hernán
Published: June 2019

Although humanities and social science disciplines have witnessed an explosion of interest in the topic of hope in recent decades, uptake of this concept has been comparatively uneven in sociological research. Hope has garnered substantial attention in relation to topics such as health, poverty, youth and work within creative industries, while attracting sporadic interest elsewhere. However, despite this uneven engagement, studies addressing hope in each area have echoed many of the same ambiguities. We focus on two such ambiguities: the relationship between hope and futurity, and the relationship between hope and agency. Drawing on the observation that recent treatments of hope appear to either emphasise a hoped-for outcome situated in the future or focus on the role of hope in coping with the present we reframe this debate, contending that these tendencies suggest two distinct modes of hope: representational and non-representational. By reframing the relationship between hope and futurity thus we seek to, in turn, untangle the ambiguous relationship between hope and agency. We test the utility of our conceptualisations of hope by placing them into dialogue with longitudinal case studies compiled from biennial interviews and annual surveys conducted over a 10-year period. We ultimately put forward some means by which recent sociological treatments of hope can be unified, and in so doing contend that conceptualising hope not as an individual experience, but as part of broader political economies of hope can attune us to the ways in which inequalities are manifest through uneven distributions and experiences of hope.
Strategies for Reflexive Ethnography in the Smart Home: Autoethnography of Silence and Emotion
Authors: Hine Christine
Published: June 2019

Smart technologies in the home promise efficiency and control, but this simplistic story obscures their potential to reconfigure relationships and introduce new tensions into domestic contexts. This article explores ethnography as a method to facilitate sociological analysis of smart technologies in the home and develop a grounded understanding of their role in lived experience. The article assembles insights from ethnography of silence, ethnography of infrastructure and autoethnography. While much sociological commentary stresses the dataveillance capacities of such technologies, for ethnographers it is important to remember that our role is to do justice to members’ understandings whether they relate to dataveillance or not. Ethnographers need to address the common tendency for facilitating technologies of this kind to become unspoken aspects of everyday life. Autoethnography offers a route into exploring the nuanced meaning of the silences that the use of smart technologies entails and engaging with emotional dimensions of their use.
Determination of optimal system parameters to characterize the wrinkle recovery of fabrics by an integrated shape retention evaluation system
Authors: Lu Yuzheng , Hu Xiaorui , Sun Fengxin , Peng Fujian , Gao Weidong
Published: June 2019

Measurement methods based on the visual testing principle have been widely used for evaluating the wrinkle recovery property of fabrics; however, the cumbersome testing process and poor adaptability for various fabrics are the main shortcomings of these methods. Here, a facile mechanical testing method named the integrated shape retention evaluation system (ISRES) was developed, providing an alternative approach to assess the wrinkle recovery, as well as the compression recovery and elastic recovery of fabrics. The optimal system parameters of the ISRES in measuring the wrinkle recovery angle were determined using an orthogonal experiment design based on correlation analysis between the curve parameters from the force–displacement curves of the ISRES and the wrinkle recovery angles tested by a standard Shirley crease recovery tester. Moreover, the sensitivity of the ISRES for the differences of the wrinkle recovery of fabrics was analyzed. The results showed that the selected optimal system parameters were a good combination, and the ISRES with the optimal system parameters provided a feasible method to differentiate the wrinkle recovery of fabrics.
The subversive cathedra: a theology of the cathedral building
Authors: Doll Peter
Published: June 2019

In 2015, the Anglican cathedrals’ number of Theology (Vol. 118, no. 6) focused on particular roles of cathedrals – as focus of community life, of pilgrimage, of urban regeneration. This article is concerned with the symbolic centre of the cathedral’s identity and purpose.
Students in Goa: Social Lives, Schooling, School Orientations and Aspirations
Authors: Malvankar Alka
Published: June 2019

An ethnographic description of teaching and learning in schools where pupils from low social classes study is presented in this article. It explains how pupils in Goa who reach the end of secondary school are not assimilated in the school’s middle-class ethos but modify, negotiate and, to an extent interpret and accommodate it in their own way. Students’ social lives, scholastic careers, future aspirations and orientations in school are analysed. But this article is not just about social origins and destinations. Sociological studies that establish correlations between working class positions and low scholastic achievement and low aspirations are well known. This submission attempts to take the argument forward. Prolonged exposure to the lives they lead and poor scholastic achievements in school reinforce each other to abbreviate a students’ school career. There is a continuous interplay between subjective experiences and objective class futures. The inclusion of a pupils’ perspective and orientation in school enriches this sociological analysis.
Migration: A Moral Protest
Authors: Guru Gopal
Published: June 2019

This essay seeks to make an argument which is different from the research work that is available on migration. It tries to understand the connection between the creation of moral community that is premised on the mediation between migration and physical space. Migration from one place to another is intrinsically moral as it is forced. It happens through the disruption of life plans of working population. Forced migration, the essay argues, is the results of an inability of the state to provide people adequate and decent jobs at the natal place. Migration as a protest, thus provides the moral critique of state. The fall out of migration, however, leads to two opposite social phenomenon. It provides condition for the formation of moral community through solidarity and at the same times it also produces an unencumbered individualism through mobility.
Adivasis, Preferential Policy and the State in Odisha
Authors: Ambagudia Jagannath
Published: June 2019

The Indian state has ratified preferential policies enshrined in the Indian Constitution by ensuring a reserved quota for geographically isolated and underprivileged communities such as adivasis, thereby attempting to integrate them within mainstream society. Computing the data available on the impact of a preferential policy on the adivasis of Odisha, this article argues that although the policy has been relatively useful in securing employment, adivasis of the state remain underrepresented in aggregate numbers and in different groups of services. The article also indicates the existence of a regional disparity even among the adivasis of Odisha with regard to their representation in elite government employment. The real problem is not the preferential policy per se but its poor implementation, abject poverty, bureaucratic apathy and the lack of political will to implement preferential policies effectively. In fact, the practice of preferential policies has sporadically led to violent community conflicts in Odisha and impacted the changing relationship between policy and politics.
Livelihood Prospects Across Social Classes in Rural India
Authors: Deb Surajit
Published: June 2019

In the third part of the Social Change Social Indicator series, we look at livelihood prospects across social classes in rural India. The rural population in India earns its living from different livelihood types—farming, agricultural labour, other manual labour, domestic services or other jobs. The majority of farmers in the country are however small landholders and therefore depend on other sources of income to earn enough money to survive or to even purchase crucially needed seeds and fertilisers. Then there are the agricultural labours who do not own land of their own and work in the fields to earn daily wages. Since the land support for these rural families has become increasingly difficult, a section of the rural population has started looking outside their locale for jobs. In recent decades, jobs for urban construction and private security services industry has provided a potential alternative for backward or economically weaker sections from the rural and semi-urban areas of the country. The government has been trying to provide employment opportunities and livelihood for villagers within their villages by encouraging them to start their own enterprises, supporting them by providing some training and finance. But although rural occupational opportunities have increased comparatively in several states, the creation of productive livelihoods for different social classes remains a challenge in certain rural segments of India. From data one observes that while a majority of Schedules Caste (SC) farmers remain daily wagers, the livelihood of the Scheduled Tribe (ST) community remains dependent on forest, agriculture and animal husbandry. The Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, provides survey data on the livelihood opportunities of SC, ST and Non-SC–ST households across sources such as cultivation, non-agricultural own account enterprises, manual casual labourers, part- or full-time domestic services, ragpicking, begging and others.1 Our analysis of data refers to eighteen states that cover more than 95 per cent of the SC or ST population in the country.
Lion Algorithm with Levy Update: Load frequency controlling scheme for two-area interconnected multi-source power system
Authors: Sharma Deepesh , Yadav Naresh Kumar
Published: June 2019

In an interconnected multi-area power system, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a main challenging problem. This paper presents the Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controller for an interconnected two-area power system, wherein each area has multi-source power systems. The gains of the proposed controller are being optimized by Lion Algorithm (LA), utilizing an integral square error (ISE) criterion, to develop the proposed Lion with Levy Update-based FOPI controller (LLUFOPI). The proposed LA schedules the gain of the LLUFOPI controller by achieving the least possible error. Hence, the LLUFOPI controller assures better LFC in the two-area interconnected power system. The performance of the proposed controller is assessed by considering the practical constraints in power system such as Generation Rate Constraints (GRC), communication delay, AC/DC link, step load variation and Capacitive Energy Storage (CES) device. Finally, the simulation results show that the LLUFOPI controller provides a well- optimized gain that is 89% higher than the other algorithms with better stability. The Integral Square Error (ISE) value of the proposed controller is 81.1% lesser than the other algorithms. Better LFC in the two-area multi-source-interconnected power system is hence achieved with minimum ISE.
Longitudinal and lateral dynamics control of automatic lane change system
Authors: Wang Junyang , Zheng Hongyu , Zong Changfu
Published: June 2019

The urgency of extending functionalities of current advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and eventually progressing to highly automated highway driving necessitates the design of automatic lane change system. This paper presents an automatic lane change system targeting on discretional lane change scenario in highway driving. Assuming motion signals of all participants to be available, the MOBIL model is employed as the decision module. The functionality of the adaptive cruise controller is extended to realize dual-target tracking, so as to prevent abrupt acceleration change provoked by the sudden switch of the leading vehicle during the lane change. For the lateral part, a hierarchical trajectory planning algorithm, which combines parametric function and learning-based technique, is proposed to account for uncertainties of driver characteristics in different traffic situations. The trajectory is then tracked by a low-level controller based on model predictive control (MPC) theory, which employs a force input model to predict the motion of the vehicle, and formulates environment envelope and handling limits as constraints. The proposed algorithm is validated through simulations of typical scenarios. Overall, this paper lays a solid foundation for the prototype of ADAS regarding lane change.
Serving Multiple Masters: The role of micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities in addressing tensions in for-profit hybrid organizations
Authors: Vallaster Christine , Maon François , Lindgreen Adam , Vanhamme Joëlle
Published: June 2019

Regular for-profit companies might claim social and environmental goals, beyond their primary economic objectives, but sustainability-driven for-profit hybrids explicitly design and implement their organizational activities to pursue social, environmental and economic goals equivalently, which typically generates tensions, inherent to their hybrid nature. The ability to address these tensions is key to these organizations’ success, yet the manner in which they do so remains poorly understood. In this case-based qualitative study, the authors explicate how specific individual and collective practices contribute continuously to alleviating hybridity-related tensions among for-profit hybrids and allow them to achieve success. With a micro-foundational perspective on for-profit hybrids’ dynamic capabilities, this study’s findings identify four central, dynamic capabilities of for-profit hybrids, supported by respective sets of micro-foundations. Nine of these micro-foundations contribute specifically to addressing central tensions, to different extents. This study thus highlights how for-profit hybrids embrace hybridity-related tensions to foster the creation of sustainable value.
Conscientious Objection to Animal Testing: A Preliminary Survey Among Italian Medical and Veterinary Students
Authors: Baldelli Ilaria , Biolatti Bartolomeo , Santi Pierluigi , Murialdo Giovanni , Bassi Anna Maria , Santori Gregorio , Ciliberti Rosagemma
Published: June 2019

The use of animals for educational and research purposes is common in both veterinary and human medicine degree courses, and one that involves important ethical considerations. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of differences between the knowledge and attitudes of veterinary students and medical students on animal bioethics, on alternative strategies and on their right to conscientiously object to animal experimentation. To this end, a questionnaire was completed by 733 students (384 human medicine students (HMS) and 349 veterinary medicine students (VMS)). VMS were more aware than HMS (72.2% and 59.6%, respectively) of the existence of an Italian law on the right to conscientiously object to animal experimentation. However, very few of them had exercised this right. Many VMS (43.3%) felt that animal bioethics courses should be mandatory (only 17.4% of HMS felt the same way). More VMS than HMS (81.7% and 59.1%, respectively) expressed an interest in attending a course on alternatives to animal experimentation. The data suggest the need for appropriate educational interventions, in order to allow students to make choices based on ethical principles. Fostering close collaborations between departments of human medicine and veterinary medicine, for example, through shared study modules, could promote the development of ethical competence as a basic skill of students of both veterinary and human medicine courses.
Academic publishing and open access: Costs, benefits and options for publishing research
Authors: May Christopher
Published: June 2019

This article briefly sets out a political economy of academic publishing, exploring what the costs and benefits of this model are/were for the academic community. It then moves to explore forms of open access publication available to the social science (politics and international relations) community in the United Kingdom and beyond. The article concludes by asking why (given its likely advantages), the open access model is not ubiquitous and suggests that the future of publication lies in the hands of early career researchers.
Adjustable compression wrap devices are cheaper and more effective than inelastic bandages for venous leg ulcer healing. A Multicentric Italian Randomized Clinical Experience
Authors: Mosti Giovanni , Mancini Stefano , Bruni Sergio , Serantoni Simone , Gazzabin Luca , Bucalossi Matteo , Polignano Roberto , Mariani Fabrizio , Luca Bastiani , Partsch Hugo ,   The MIRACLE Trial investigators
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Compression therapy by inelastic bandages is highly effective in achieving venous leg ulcer healing. Inelastic bandages may be expensive as they need to be changed and discarded at every dressing change. In addition, correct application is difficult in the clinical practice, even by expert healthcare personnel. The aim of our work was to assess whether adjustable compression wraps are more cost effective and more effective than inelastic bandage to achieve venous leg ulcer healing.

Methods

Sixty-six venous leg ulcer patients were randomized to be treated by adjustable compression wrap (CircAid® JuxtaCure®) ( n = 33) and inelastic bandage (Coban 2 Layer®) ( n = 33). Study duration was 12 weeks. During weekly visits, the ulcers were cleansed and dressed with the same products, and the only variable was the compression device. Ulcer size, ulcer pain, patient’s perception of compression systems, and compression pressure were assessed during the visits, and the material cost was evaluated at the 12th week.

Results

Adjustable compression wraps were significantly cheaper than bandages (p < 0.0001) and were also more effective (not significantly) in achieving ulcer healing. To heal one ulcer patient, €228 had to be spent when applying an adjustable compression wrap and €381 if inelastic bandages were used. About 26/33 (78.8%) patients in the adjustable compression wrap group were healed after 12 weeks versus 23/33 (69.7%) in the inelastic bandage group (n.s.). Ulcer pain was reduced by both compression devices. Patient perception of compression pressure was similar with both compression devices. Compression pressure was similar at application but better maintained by adjustable compression wrap over time.

Conclusions

Adjustable compression wraps are significantly cheaper and more effective (not significantly) in achieving venous leg ulcer healing. Self-applicable, adjustable compression wraps are therefore a powerful, cost-effective alternative to inelastic bandages in treating venous leg ulcer.
Frontal haemodynamic responses in depression and the effect of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Downey Darragh , Brigadoi Sabrina , Trevithick Liam , Elliott Rebecca , Elwell Clare , McAllister-Williams R Hamish , Anderson Ian M
Published: June 2019

Background:

Reduced frontal cortex metabolism and blood flow in depression may be associated with low mood and cognitive impairment. Further reduction has been reported during a course of electroconvulsive therapy but it is not known if this relates to mood and cognitive changes caused by electroconvulsive therapy.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate frontal function while undertaking cognitive tasks in depressed patients compared with healthy controls, and following electroconvulsive therapy in patients.

Methods:

We measured frontal haemodynamic responses to a category verbal fluency task and a working memory N-back task using portable functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 51 healthy controls and 18 severely depressed patients, 12 of whom were retested after the fourth treatment of a course of electroconvulsive therapy. Mood was assessed using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and cognitive function using category Verbal Fluency from the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Digit Span backwards.

Results:

Compared to healthy controls, depressed patients had bilaterally lower frontal oxyhaemoglobin responses to the cognitive tasks, although this was only significant for the N-Back task where performance correlated inversely with depression severity in patients. After four electroconvulsive therapy treatments oxyhaemoglobin responses were further reduced during the Verbal Fluency task but the changes did not correlate with mood or cognitive changes.

Discussion:

Our results confirmed a now extensive literature showing impaired frontal fNIRS oxyhaemoglobin responses to cognitive tasks in depression, and showed for the first time that these are further reduced during a course of electroconvulsive therapy. Further research is needed to investigate the biology and clinical utility of frontal fNIRS in psychiatric patients.
Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: Part 2. Infrequent or unusual pulmonary edema with definitive imaging findings
Authors: Tsuchiya Nanae , Griffin Lindsay , Yamashiro Tsuneo , Gibo Shinji , Okane Tsuyoshi , Yasutani Tadashi , Murayama Sadayuki
Published: June 2019

Pulmonary edema is a common condition with numerous causes, some of which are infrequently encountered. This review article describes various uncommon conditions/disease that are associated with pulmonary edema and which show characteristic imaging findings on chest computed tomography or other imaging modality. Thus, this review reflects the variety of factors involved in this frequently encountered condition. We demonstrate the wide range of situations that lead to the development of pulmonary edema by showing the imaging findings of unique cases. These rare varieties of pulmonary edema have distinctive imaging and clinical features that aid in providing an accurate diagnosis.
Semi-permanent Substitution of Maxillary Anterior Teeth: TADs Supported Approach
Authors: Kolge Neeraj E. , Patni Vivek J. , Potnis Sheetal
Published: June 2019

The present paper describes a technique for intermittent replacement of missing anterior edentulous spans which in simple, logical, less time consuming and cost-effective. The objective was to incorporate a rigid framework as a long edentulous span had to be replaced, along with miniscrews at two different angulations, thus restricting the effect of perioral and masticatory forces in an effective manner