bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of land subsidence caused by subway train vibration using PFC
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Deng Yansheng , Xu Na , Yang Tianliang , Yan Xuexin , Wang Hanmei , Huang Xinlei , Liu Xiaotian , Pei Xiangjun
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Subsidence induced by human activity and urbanization is
distributed in an area or along a line. In Shanghai, China, land subsidence
is distributed along the belt near a subway line. The subsidence
is caused by train vibration as well as regional land subsidence and other
engineering activity. In order to figure out the mechanical response of the
tunnel surroundings, the PFC2D software based on a discrete element method
is introduced to simulate a section of the metro tunnel. The linear contact
bond model was employed to reflect the characteristics of clay. Based on the
analysis of stress and settlement caused by dynamic cyclic loading, the
mechanical response law and subsidence mechanism were investigated. In
addition, the influence of frequency on settlement was also analyzed: the
greater the frequency, the more particles were rearranged and the larger
the settlement. The fraction of sliding contacts was introduced to
explain this phenomenon. The results can be used to understand, predict
and control land subsidence to protect the geological environment.
Systematic assessment of damage to buildings due to groundwater lowering-induced subsidence: methodology for large scale application in the Netherlands
Authors: Costa Ana Laura , Kok Sien , Korff Mandy
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Netherlands, subsidence of peat and clay soils due
to (artificial) lowering of the groundwater table and loading of soft soils
is commonplace, causing extensive damage to exposed and vulnerable assets.
Awareness of subsidence-related damage to buildings has recently increased
in the Netherlands, particularly after reported damages due to the 2018
extremely long dry period. However, despite this being a major concern to
homeowners and public authorities, an integrated and systematic risk
assessment on regional or national scale is currently lacking which inhibits
concrete and meaningful action. In this paper, we propose a methodology for
the systematic regional or countrywide assessment of two subsidence-related
damage mechanisms to buildings: differential settlement of buildings on
shallow foundation, and timber pile degradation due to low groundwater
levels. The methodology is set up in a modular, systematic way – initially
based on expert judgement and validation with available local detailed
information and allows for future improvements. Progress in individual
contributing factors to damages can be seamlessly integrated for the
systematic improvement of damage estimates. This approach can be replicated
for other damage mechanisms and detailed to provide a more local risk
assessment. We expect results to be a valuable input for public or private
decision making, e.g. in awareness raising and evaluating interventions.
Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Quetta and surrounding region, Pakistan
Authors: Kakar Najeebullah , Kakar Din Muhammad , Barrech Sadia
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence is effecting several metropolis in the developing as well as developed countries around the world such as Nagoya (Japan), Shanghai (China), Venice (Italy) and San Joaquin valley (United States). This phenomenon is attributed to natural as well as anthropogenic activities that include extensive groundwater withdrawals. Quetta which is facing similar subsidence phenomenon is the largest city of Balochistan province in Pakistan. This valley is mostly dry and ground water is the major source for domestic and agricultural consumption. The unplanned use of ground water resources has led to the deterioration of water quality and quantity in the Quetta valley. Water shortages in the region was further aggravated by the drought during (1998–2004) that affected the area forcing people to migrate from rural to urban areas. Refugees from the war torn neighboring Afghanistan also contributed to rapid increase in population of Quetta valley that has increased from 0.26 million in 1975 to 3.0 million in 2016. The objective of this study was to measure the land subsidence in Quetta valley and identify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on land
subsidence. To achieve this goal, data from five Global Positioning System
(GPS) stations in Quetta were acquired and processed. Furthermore the
groundwater decline data from 41 observation wells during 2010 to 2015 were
calculated and compared with the land deformation. The results of the GPS
readings revealed that the land of Quetta valley is subsiding from 30 mm yr−1 on the flanks to 120 mm yr−1 in the central part. 1.5–5.0 m yr−1 of groundwater level
drop was recorded in the area where the rate of subsidence is highest.
Whereas 9–10 cm of subsidence was recorded in the surrounding areas of
Quetta where agriculture and settlements are high. The surrounding areas
include Kuchlak, Mastung, Pishin, Gulistan and Hurumzai districts. These
results were acquired using InSAR imagery collected from October 2014 to
march 2019. So the extensive groundwater withdrawals in Quetta valley and
surrounding areas is considered to be the driving force behind land
subsidence.
GreenhousePeat: a model linking CO2 emissions from subsiding peatlands to changing groundwater levels
Authors: Koster Kay , Frumau Arnoud , Stafleu Jan , Dijkstra Joris , Hensen Arjan , Velzeboer Ilona , Esteves Martins Joana , Zaadnoordijk Willem Jan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Oxidation of organic matter in peat above the phreatic groundwater table
causes subsidence and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Because 25 % of
the Netherlands has shallow peat layers in its subsurface, it is essential
for Dutch policy makers and stakeholders to have reliable information on
present day and near future CO2 emissions under changes in groundwater
levels. Furthermore, it is important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in
view of international agreements. We are developing GreenhousePeat: a nationwide model that synthesizes
information on peat organic carbon content, land subsidence, and CO2
emission monitoring to model present-day and future CO2 emissions from
subsiding peatlands. Here, we discuss the approach and input data of GreenhousePeat.
GreenhousePeat is based on a UNFCCC approved model to predict CO2
emissions, albeit based on new input data: 3-D organic matter maps,
nationwide subsidence rates, and ranges in oxidation fraction. We validate
model outcomes with previously documented CO2 emissions measured at
four different locations. We found that for one site the upper bound of the
model reproduces the measured CO2 emissions. The modelled emissions at
two sites have a relative deviation of approximately 73 % to 29 % from the
measured emissions. Whereas one site is a net CO2 sink, although low
emissions were modelled. Finally, we conclude on the suitability of the
model for CO2 emission forecasting and suggest improvements by
incorporating groundwater level information and land use type.
Different disaster characteristics of earth fissures and their influence factors in the Beijing plain
Authors: Long Zhao , Yong Luo , Yumei Li , Fang Tian , He Liu , Kunchao Lei , Te Sha , Xiangru Kong , Menghan Lu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. To analyze the generation of different ground fissure
disasters, two typical ground fissures were selected. With geological survey
and exploration data, the spatial characteristics of the Songzhuang and
Gaoliying fissures were investigated. The different occurrence factors for the
Songzhuang and Gaoliying fissures were analyzed based on geological
structure and groundwater. The conclusions contain are as follows. The affected body of the
Songzhuang fissure exhibits obvious tensile deformation, and it is not contact
with buried faults. The fracture-affected body of the Gaoliying fissure
shows obvious vertical dislocation and shear, and this is compounded with buried
faults. The distribution characteristic of the Songzhuang fissure was controlled by the tectonics and the normal fault, while the buried fault not only control the distribution feature of the Gaoliying fissure but also controlled its deformation characteristic. A buried fault is the geological background for the formation of the Gaoliying
fissure. The long-term exploitation of groundwater has caused the horizontal
deformation of the soil and the rigid rotation of stratum in the subsidence edge.
Both of them are the reason for the tensile deformation. Due to the
activities of buried faults and differential subsidence in small areas, the
affected bodies of the Gaoliying fissure showed vertical dislocation and shear deformation.
Building damage assessment and settlement monitoring in subsidence-affected urban areas: case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Nicodemo Gianfranco , Peduto Dario , Ferlisi Settimio
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Buildings in subsiding areas may suffer from settlements
causing damages of different severity levels with high impact in terms of
yearly economic losses. In these contexts, a systematic damage assessment
jointly with continuous monitoring of relevant parameters (e.g. settlements
exhibited by points located on the roof) can be extremely useful to control
the building behaviour and develop forecasting models. In this regard, the
paper presents the results of an integrated analysis carried out on a
subsidence-affected urban area in the Netherlands where the availability of
multi-temporal building damage surveys and a long DInSAR monitoring dataset
allowed both retrieving quantitative empirical relationships between the
cause (magnitude of the selected intensity parameter, IP) and the effect
(recorded damage severity level, DL) and generating empirical fragility and
vulnerability curves. The results pointed out the importance of considering
the exact dating of the onset of building damage and the corresponding
magnitude of the considered IP in the generation of quantitative forecasting
models.
Local land subsidence exacerbates inundation hazard to the Kujukuri Plain, Japan
Authors: Ouyang Mao , Ito Yuka , Tokunaga Tomochika
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Flood-inundation hazard maps are generally made based on the anticipated flood patterns under the configurations such as current topography and land use/land cover situations.
These maps have not taken into account the possible significance of land subsidence and surface environmental changes.
The Kujukuri Plain, Japan, the site of this research, has experienced severe land subsidence due to 2011 Tohoku earthquake.
This paper aims to quantify the effects of local land subsidence on flood hazards under heavy rainfalls in the Kujukuri Plain.
The high-resolution LiDAR data at two different periods (before and after the Tohoku earthquake) were obtained and used as the input data for the physically-based hydrological model.
Through the comparison of simulated inundation areas of the scenarios with the same precipitation pattern but different topographies, the effect of land subsidence was discussed.
The maps estimating the inundation areas by only considering rainfalls, i.e., without taking into account the effect of land subsidence, underestimated the inundation areas by around 10 % compared with the ones that accounted for the local land subsidence.
The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account the temporal changes of elevations and other parameters in flood hazard assessments.
Geometrical and geotechnical characterization of the earth fissures appeared in the Guadalentín Valley (southeastern Spain) after the September 2012 flooding
Authors: Pastor José Luis , Mulas Joaquín , Tomás Roberto , Herrera Gerardo , Fernández-Merodo José Antonio , Béjar-Pizarro Marta , Jordá Luis , García López-Davalillos Juan Carlos , Aragón Ramón , Mateos Rosa María
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Two earth fissures appeared in Murcia province (southeastern Spain)
after the flood occurred because of a heavy downpour on 28 September 2012.
In this area, located within the Guadalentín Valley, up to 212 L m−2 was reported that day. More than 200 agricultural
exploitations were destroyed by the flooding, with a devastating effect on
many infrastructures, such as a main A-7 highway bridge that collapsed in
this event. The earth fissures appeared after this flooding in the towns of
Puerto Lumbreras and Totana. The first fissure showed a straight-line
direction approximately parallel to the main geological structures of the
Guadalentín Valley. The total length of the fissure was 400 m and was 2 to 3 m in depth. The soil in the fissure is classified as a low-plasticity silt with
some sand and clay, ML, according to the Unified Soil Classification System.
From the sieve and hydrometer tests, the percentage of silt in these samples
was between 48 % and 68 %, the clay content between 12 % and 30 % and the sand
content between 2 % and 40 %. The plasticity index was smaller than 9.2 for all
the samples. To evaluate the piping and internal erosion susceptibility of
the soil, pinhole, crumb and geochemical tests were done on the collected
samples. A result of non-dispersive soil was obtained from crumb and pinhole
tests. Nevertheless, the pH, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium
percentage tests showed that some samples could be affected by the
dispersion of the soil. Also, the collapsible potential of the soil was
studied, showing negative results for all the samples except for that
collected at the southern end of the fissure, which showed a medium to high
potential. Concerning the Totana fissure, it appeared with different
branches and holes instead of as a rectilinear pattern. The total length of
the fissure was 190 m, with the soil characterized as a silty soil. Lastly,
INSAR data, GPS, GPR and land subsidence maps were used to study the
possible origin of these fissures.
Sinkhole collapse propagation studies through instrumented small-scale physical models
Authors: Ferentinou Maria
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sinkholes are common geohazards, frequently responsible for sudden
catastrophic ground collapse. Thus, effective monitoring would allow for
further understanding of the mechanism of occurrence of sinkholes and lead
to the development of a potential early warning system to provide an alarm
or a warning of incipient col-lapse. In the current study, fiber Bragg
gratings (FBGs) were used to instrument reduced scale models, simulating a
sinkhole event. The tests were conducted by embedding optic fiber sensors in
the soil and inducing failure until critical conditions were reached. FBG
sensors were manufactured in a single optic fiber cable. The measurements of
small horizontal strains were recorded simultaneously and in various
positions. Failure mechanism was found to relate to the backfill density,
and compaction.
Integrated management of groundwater exploitation and recharge in Shanghai based on land subsidence control
Authors: Yang Tianliang , Yan Xuexin , Huang Xinlei , Wu Jianzhong
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Shanghai has a long history of exploitation and
utilization of groundwater in order to meet the needs of industrial
production and residential water. As a result, serious land subsidence
disasters were induced. Land subsidence poses a huge security threat to the low-altitude
coastal city of Shanghai. The development of land subsidence in Shanghai is
closely related to the exploitation of underground water. In order to
control land subsidence disasters, Shanghai has taken three key measures,
i.e., the amount of compressed groundwater exploitation, the adjustment of
groundwater exploitation level, and the implementation of artificial
groundwater recharge, which have become the most effective measures for land
subsidence control. However, as the groundwater levels of various aquifers in
the region rise sharply, land subsidence is effectively controlled, and the
measures of groundwater exploitation and recharge need to be dynamically
adjusted to adapt to the current situation. In this context, from the
perspective of history, the paper analyzes the long-term groundwater
exploitation and recharge process and the development characteristics of
land subsidence in Shanghai and studies the evolution process of land
subsidence in different stages. From the perspective of land subsidence
prevention and control, the paper analyzes the management measures of
groundwater exploitation and recharge and the great achievements.
The research results can provide a basis for land subsidence control and
comprehensive groundwater management in the new period and can also provide
a demonstration and reference for groundwater resource management in similar
areas.
Land subsidence monitoring using distributed fiber optic sensing with Brillouin scattering in coastal and deltaic regions
Authors: Gu Kai , Liu Su-Ping , Shi Bin , Lu Yi , Jiang Yue-Hua
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater in coastal and deltaic regions
is one of the main reasons which induce land subsidence in these areas. Land
surface displacement monitoring with conventional methods is not able to
pinpoint subsurface compacting, which is very challenging. Instead of groups
of extensometers, we apply distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) with
Brillouin scattering in vertical boreholes to identify the deformation
distribution along the entire borehole with meter-scale spatial resolution.
We here present 10 boreholes with depths range from 100 to 600 m with DFOS
monitoring along the east coastal line of Jiangsu and Shanghai since 2015,
and 1 borehole of 300 m in depth in Yangtze River delta since 2012. The
results provide clear images on the deformation distribution along entire
boreholes, by identifying the main contributors to the subsidence and the
deformation evolutionary processes, with stable long-term monitoring
performance. Hence, we demonstrate that DFOS can open window into subsurface
deformation and could be important complementary to conventional methods to
understand the land subsidence processes in coastal and deltaic regions.
Understanding the role of water and tillage erosion from 239+240Pu tracer measurements using inverse modelling
Authors: Wilken Florian , Ketterer Michael , Koszinski Sylvia , Sommer Michael , Fiener Peter
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Soil redistribution on arable land is a major threat for a sustainable use of soil resources. The soil redistribution process most studies focus on is water erosion, while wind and tillage erosion also induce pronounced redistribution of soil materials. Especially, tillage erosion is understudied, as it does not lead to visible off-site damages. The analysis of on-site/in-field soil redistribution is mostly based on tracer studies, whereas radionuclide tracers (e.g. 137Cs, 239+240Pu) from nuclear weapon tests are commonly used to derive the erosion history over the past 50–60 yr. Tracer studies allow to determine soil redistribution patterns, but integrate all kinds of soil redistribution processes and hence do not allow to unravel the contribution of different erosion processes. The aim of this study is to understand the contribution of water and tillage erosion leading to soil patterns found in a small hummocky ground moraine catchment under intensive agricultural use. Therefore, 239+240Pu derived soil redistribution patterns were analysed using an inverse modelling approach accounting for water and tillage erosion processes. The results of this analysis clearly point out that tillage erosion is the dominant process of soil redistribution in the small catchment, which also affects the hydrological and sedimentological connectivity between arable land and the kettle hole. A topographic change up to 17 cm (53 yr)−1 in the eroded parts of the catchment is not able to explain the current soil profile truncation that exceeds the 239+240Pu derived topographic change substantially. Hence, tillage erosion is not limited to the time since the onset of intense mechanisation since the 1960s. In general, the study stresses the urgent need to consider tillage erosion as a very important soil degradation process that drives patterns of soil properties in our arable landscapes.
Estágio supervisionado e pesquisa: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Castilho Weimar Silva , Castilho Juliana Abrão da Silva , Castilho Danillo Deus
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a pesquisa realizada no âmbito das experiências na condução do Estágio supervisionado no Curso de Licenciatura em Física do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins - IFTO – Campus Palmas e refletir sobre o desenvolvimento do Estágio e da relação entre teoria e prática na formação de Professores. Sendo este um espaço de formação e desenvolvimento de habilidades necessárias à prática docente do futuro professor/pesquisador, por meio da observação, da participação e da regência como partes das ações pedagógicas. A formação do professor é assunto amplamente discutido nas instituições de ensino, principal motivador para desenvolvimento das metodologias da condução da disciplina de Estágio supervisionado. Investigou-se a relevância da articulação das componentes curriculares para a formação docente, no Estágio supervisionado como meio de aproximação elaborada da realidade escolar, a partir de projetos de intervenção nas modalidades de Ensino Médio regular e Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Observou-se a importância de uma postura crítica da prática pedagógica, na utilização dos métodos de pesquisa para formação integral do futuro professor/pesquisador.
Procedimentos metodológicos para identificação e análise de unidades fraseológicas em corpora de seriados televisivos
Authors: Lisboa Joel Victor Reis
Published: April 2020

Haja vista o crescente número de pesquisas no Brasil voltadas ao léxico dos seriados televisivos (ROCHA; ORENHA-OTTAIANO, 2012; BANG; FROMM, 2013; PEIXOTO, 2014; MURAD, 2015; YAMAMOTO; LISBOA, 2019, dentre outros), o presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever os procedimentos metodológicos realizados no escopo de uma pesquisa voltada à identificação e análise de unidades fraseológicas (UFs) no seriado televisivo Game of Thrones (GOT). Portanto, serão apresentados os princípios e critérios de compilação de corpora à luz da metodologia/abordagem da Linguística de Corpus (LC), os procedimentos de seleção de arquivos, compilação, limpeza, conversão e padronização do corpus de estudo da referida pesquisa, bem como as ferramentas utilizadas e procedimentos realizados para identificação e análise de UFs em GOT. Esperamos demonstrar as possibilidades de análises lexicais em legendas de seriados televisivos por meio da metodologia/abordagem da LC, evidenciar a proficuidade do mundo ficcional desses seriados para a realização de estudos lexicais e, por fim, contribuir para embasar e despertar interesse em novas pesquisas terminográficas e fraseológicas voltadas ao mundo ficcional de seriados televisivos.
Evaluation of the Interaction Between Phytase and Xilanase on Metabolizability of Energy-Reduced Broiler Diets
Authors: Chaves Natália Ramos Batista , Nascimento Karina Marcia Ribeiro de Souza , Kiefer Charles , Rosa Maurício Silva , Freitas Henrique Barbosa de , Paiva Luanna Lopes , Silva Thiago Rodrigues da , Macie Violeta Andre , Garcia Elis Regina De Moraes , Silva Larissa Albuquerque Rosa
Published: April 2020

To examine the association between phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments on the metabolizability of feed by broiler diets, 250 chickens were used and distributed among five treatments and five replicates of 10 broilers each. The treatments were: positive control diet - without phytase or xylanase; negative control diet - with an energy reduction of 0.419 MJ/kg, without phytase or xylanase; and three diets containing xylanase and phytase and energy reductions of 0.209, 0.409 and 0.628 MJ/kg. For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with phosphorus (0.15%), calcium (0.165%) and sodium (0.035%) was considered. The energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg with inclusion of the enzymes resulted in a higher metabolizability of the crude protein, also the apparent and apparent corrected metabolizable energy coefficients for nitrogen balance were higher in diets with a reduction energy of 0.209 MJ/kg, however had values similar to those obtained in the positive control diets and diets with energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg containing enzymes. The inclusion of phytase (500 FTU/kg) and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg) in broiler diets, makes it possible to reduce metabolizable energy by up to 0.628 MJ/kg, available phosphorus, calcium, and sodium, and improve the metabolizability of the nutrients.
Last-Mile Delivery in the Motor-Carrier Industry: A Panel Data Investigation Using Discrete Time Event History Analysis
Authors: Peinkofer Simone T. , Schwieterman Matthew A. , Miller Jason W.
Published: April 2020

Industry analysts have noted that the rise of e-commerce has increased the demand for last-mile delivery services, defined as the last-mile transportation of large, bulky items (e.g., furniture) that cannot be shipped by parcel carriers to consumers' locations. Although last-mile delivery has become crucial for retail logistics, no research has examined which carriers are more likely to diversify into last-mile delivery. As such decisions require large investments, motor carriers have an interest in understanding their peers' behaviors in this domain. Drawing on resource orchestration theory and Penrose's theory of firm growth, we devise middle-range theory that explains why carriers' provision of less-than-truckload (LTL) or expedite services will increase their likelihood of subsequently offering last-mile delivery services. Our theory further explains why these services will serve as substitutes such that the marginal effect of providing LTL services on subsequently offering last-mile delivery will be less when a carrier also offers expedite services, and vice versa. To test our theory, we assemble an archival panel dataset from Inbound Logistics, a premier industry publication, that summarizes carriers' various delivery services. Results from discrete time event history models corroborate our theorized predictions.
Logistics of the Future—Physical Internet and Its Practicality
Authors: Matusiewicz Maria
Published: April 2020

The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and trade on a global scale. The Internet of Things makes objects and devices that we use every day—from interior design (home appliances) to sensors in infrastructure (bridges, roads, buildings)—more efficient by enabling them to transmit data and connecting them in the cloud. The next stage is the Physical Internet (PI), which heralds the adoption of technology and methodology of Digital Internet to the real (physical) world. Physical Internet pushes boundaries for research and practice, and its goal is to optimize logistics processes to create more efficient and sustainable supply chains. The article points to the chances that the Physical Internet brings to the logistics efficiency from an EU perspective. The article describes the formal EU preparation for the PI concept as well as the selected first projects, ventures, and tools that already function as prototypes of the PI concept.
(Un)-damning Subplots: The Principate of Domitian Between Literary Sources and Fresh Material Evidence
Authors: Spinelli Tommaso , Gregori Gian Luca
Published: April 2020

Moving beyond the methodological issues of a literary-based reassessment of the reign of the last Flavian emperor, this article re-reads the principate of Domitian in light of fresh epigraphic and numismatic evidence that has only been discovered or fully understood in recent years. This exploration documents the progressive ingraining into second-century literature of an unfavorable vulgate on Domitian’s architectural, moral, and religious policies, the positive impact of which is, however, documented by material sources. In addition to contributing to the ongoing revaluation of Domitian, this article displays the benefits of a cross-fertilizing and interdiscursive reading of literary and material sources.
Speed and Politics: Domitian andceleritasin Statius’sSilvae
Authors: Liney Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Statius’s self-professed speed of production (celeritas) in the Silvae is often understood as an antagonistic response to Callimachean and neoteric poetics and a reflection of Flavian culture’s penchant for extempore production. While undoubtedly true, this article argues that Statius’s celeritas gains fuller meaning when held up against the traditional Roman valorization of military speed, the clearest representative of which was Julius Caesar. This has interesting ramifications when we consider the importance of Domitian’s complicated self-presentation as an exemplary military leader, which Flavian poets appropriated in various ways. Ultimately, Lucan’s troubling portrayal of Julius Caesar in the Bellum Civile lingers in the background of the Silvae, making any profession of poetic and military celeritas an ambiguous, and possibly dangerous, topic.
Geographic distribution, socio-economic disparity and policy determinants of smoke-free policy adoption in Indonesia
Authors: Wahidin M. , Hidayat M. S. , Arasy R. A. , Amir V. , Kusuma D.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, and smoking prevalence is increasing among youths.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the smoke-free policy (SFP), a flagship national tobacco control programme, by providing evidence
on geographic distribution, socio-economic disparities and policy determinants of SFP adoption by district in Indonesia.METHODS: We employed spatial and quantitative methods to obtain data respectively on geographic distribution of SFP adoption, and on disparities and associations
between national and provincial SFP regulations and SFP adoption by the districts.RESULTS: Twenty-one of 34 provinces, and 345 of 514 districts adopted SFP. We found significant geographic disparities: all districts outside of Papua were up to 6.3 times more likely to adopt the
policy and to implement it for a period of up to 3 years longer in duration. We also found significant socio-economic disparities: urban districts, those that were wealthiest and those most educated were respectively 3.9, 9.1 and 2.8 times more likely to adopt the policy. Moreover, districts
in provinces that had SFP regulation were 3.2 times more likely to adopt. Finally, the adoption rate in the period after the 2012 national regulation was up to 7.8 times higher than that before.CONCLUSION: In addition to geographic and socio-economic disparities, national and provincial
regulations and policies were determinants of SFP adoption.
Comparative analysis of data sources for the construction of a modern System of Labour Accounts
Authors: Ryczkowski Maciej
Published: April 2020

Employees constitute one of the most important and integral part of the extensive System of Labour Accounts. The article presents the source of data on the number of employees. However, caution should be exercised when comparisons, because different definitions, reference populations, the frequency of data collection and their representativeness vary. Construction of a modern System of Labour Accounts requires an evaluation of the data obtained and creating a matrix of data sources.
Differentiation of social development in spatial terms
Authors: Sompolska-Rzechuła Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

This article aims to assess the diversity of social development in local terms. As a basis for study were the powiats with the rights of the city and rural. Social development is complex and multi-faceted, so to implement the survey methods were used multidimensional comparative analysis — selected two optimization methods: k-means and Wishart. The choice of these methods was associated with a large number of test items. Measurement and evaluation of the local and regional level of social development based on the Index of Local Social Development.
The development of organic farming in the world
Authors: Luty Lidia
Published: April 2020

In the world there is still growing interest in agricultural production system in accordance with the criteria of organic farming. In 2005, the world ecological area remained at the level of more than 29 mln ha, and in 2012, was already more than 37 mln ha. Its participation in relation to the total agricultural area increased in those years from 0,67% to 0,85%. The number of organic producers in the world increased almost three times. The aim of this paper was to present the development of organic farming in the world between 2005 and 2012, taking into account such characteristics as: ecological area of agricultural land and crops, the share of organic area in the overall area of the utilized agricultural area, the number of organic producers and the average size of organic land, as well as the area of organic agricultural land per 100 inhabitants.
The financial independence of rural gminas in the Wielkopolskie voivodship
Authors: Kozera Agnieszka , Głowicka-Wołoszyn Romana , Wysocki Feliks
Published: April 2020

Financial independence is an important factor in socio-economic development, especially in rural areas. Rural gminas (communities), mainly located peripherally to larger urban centers, have significantly lower revenue potential. This also means a lower level of financial independence of rural gminas, which in turn can be a barrier in multifunctional rural development. This issue is a priority for the European Union. The main objective of this article is a synthetic assessment of the level of financial independence of rural gminas in the Wielkopolskie voivodship in 2013. The basis of information studies, using the method TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity is an Ideal Solution) to assess the financial condition of municipalities, were data from the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank — Public finances for 2013) and Ministry of Finance (Indicators for assessing the financial position of local government units in 2011—2013).
The impact of uneven filling two-way contingency tables on the critical value of the test statistics
Authors: Sulewski Piotr , Drapella Antoni
Published: April 2020

The article concerns two-way (2×2) contingency tables. When the H0— hypothesis of independence of features is correct, very often — because of the small sample — the distribution of the test statistics differ from the chi-square. Quantile of the chi-square is therefore not a correct critical value. With the current performance of computers, designation of critical value by statistical modeling of Monte Carlo method is not a problem, but a problem is H0 modeling. The H0 modeling is generating such arrays, which feature value assigned rows are independent of the characteristics of the assigned columns. Suitable for such modeling are tables — uniform of the same probability of belonging to cells and uneven having equal probability in all rows of a given column or in all columns of a given row. Analysis of the results of statistical modeling revealed that even when H0 is right, the distribution of the test statistics significantly depends on the uneven array. The article shows that in order to maximize the power of the test should be set critical value, taking into account measures of inequality array. The final result of the study is offered the reader a ready tool for independent verification of the H0 hypothesis.
Estimation the number of economically inactive people in poviats of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using methods of small area statistics
Authors: Ręklewski Marek , Śliwicki Dominik
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of economically inactive people at a level of poviats in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using selected methods of small area statistics and to assess the precision of the estimates obtained. The analysis is an example of the use of selected small area estimators to estimate the number of economically inactive people in poviats of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship. The obtained results allow to inference about the size of the economically inactive population at a relatively low level of aggregation. Previously used in public statistics estimation methods did not give the possibility to obtain data at this level due to the large errors of estimates.
The impact of the economic infrastructure on the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Wielkopolskie Voivodship
Authors: Lira Jarosław
Published: April 2020

The article presents the analysis of the dynamics of change and spatial diversity in the availability and density of economic infrastructure and their relation to the distance from Poznan, entrepreneurship and population density in rural areas of Wielkopolskie Voivodship. Powiats located near Poznan characterize the greatest availability of rural population to infrastructure services. Furthermore, the increased distance from Poznan influenced the decline in business, expressed by indicators of entrepreneurship for newly registered and for operators entered in the register REGON total. Both the availability of economic infrastructure in 2013 as well as the dynamics of infrastructure in 2004—2013 in rural areas have a statistically significant impact on the number of economic entities per 10 thousand people at the working agein Wielkopolskie Voivodship.
Determinants of consumption of people aged 70 and more
Authors: Piekut Marlena
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is to indicate the hierarchy of factors determining consumption in households of people aged 70 and more. Material consisted of data from a study of household budgets survey for 2012. The present study used the method of canonical correlation analysis. The most important determinants of expenditure in households of people aged 70 and more have proven to be disposable income per capita and the size of the household. More spending on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products were characterized by households in which the head of the household was a man. In households located in rural areas and run by people with primary education reported less spending on services such as communications, recreation and culture.
Self-employment in Poland — definitional problems, the availability of data and their interpretation
Authors: Lasocki Bogusław , Skrzek-Lubasińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

The article gives an overview of the definitions of „self-employment” and „self-employed” used both by the Polish and international institutions. Authors present a great ambiguity of the terms used. Due to the growing role of self-employment in the national economy authors postulate a modification of the classification of groups of self-employed and unification of concepts defining this category of work. A proposal for definition of self-employment was submitted for the purposes of Polish official statistics. The authors present the scale of self-employment in Poland in the fourth quarter of 2014 resulting from Polish labour force survey.
Trends in energy intensity of the Polish economy
Authors: Plich Mariusz , Skrzypek Jurand
Published: April 2020

The aim of the paper is to determine trends in energy intensity of the Polish economy at the mezoeconomic level in the years 1996—2012 with particular emphasis on energy intensity of global production, final production and induced energy intensity. In the analyzed period a decrease of energy intensity level in whole economy was observed. The most energy-intensive sectors were identified and average pace of changes of mentioned ratios was calculated. The World Input-Output Database (WIOD) is the data core and includes unified energy balances, according to PKD 2004 classification.
Modeling distributions of income between men and women in the Malopolska voivodship
Authors: Salamaga Marcin
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is the choice of theoretical models which reflect as closely as possible distributions of income between men and women in the Malopolska voivodship. The study took into account the theoretical distributions commonly used in the analysis of wages and incomes by Polish and foreign authors. For a comparative analysis were selected three best-fit models: Singh-Maddala, Fisk and log-normal. These distributions were tested for estimation accuracy of measurement position, the volatility and inequality in the empirical distribution of income between men and women. Estimation models were based on data on individual incomes of men and women in the Malopolska voivodship in 2013 coming from panel survey, conducted in the framework of the Social Diagnosis. The results were compared with the results of the study of population distributions of income presented in the Polish and foreign literature.
Green economy indicators for Poland and other European Union countries
Authors: Wyszkowska Dorota , Rogalewska Anna
Published: April 2020

Economic crises affecting different parts of the world have forced world leaders to seek new paths of development, taking into account the needs of environmental protection and prevention of adverse effects of human activities. One of these roads may be ”green growth” leading to the achievement of ”green economy”. Monitoring the state of green economy in Poland is possible due to certain indicators, among which is defined the group of measures relating to economic opportunities and policy responses. The aim of this article is to present the mentioned above group of indicators. The article is divided into two parts. The first one shows the theoretical issues relating to the green economy and indicators to measure it, with particular emphasis on the selected group. While the second is devoted to presenting the Polish situation in the background of other European Union countries in terms of the indicators of the economic opportunities and policy responses.
Sail training and its place among pedagogical concepts
Authors: Romaniuk Miłosz Wawrzyniec
Published: April 2020

In the article, the author recalls the concept of sail training and cites attempts to defi ne it over the last century. He describes the theoretical framework and place of sail training among contemporary pedagogical concepts. Based on the analysis of materials as well as own research and experience, the author proposes his own defi nition of sail training.
The importance of teacher’s diagnostic competences for students’ development
Authors: Łukasik Joanna M. , Jagielska Katarzyna , Mróz Anna , Koperna Paulina
Published: April 2020

The article focuses on the issue of teacher’s diagnostic competence. In order to emphasize the importance of the issue and to encourage scientifi c discussion, the value of the contemporary teacher’s pedagogical competences was pointed out, among which diagnostic competence was highlighted. Then the importance of diagnostic competence in working with the student and the consequences of its lack, which is the student’s marginalization, were determined. The conclusions indicate the implications for educational practice.
Effect of luteal phase support with vaginal progesterone on pregnancy outcomes in natural frozen embryo transfer cycles: A meta-analysis
Authors: Seol Aeran , Shim Yoo Jin , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Seul Ki , Lee Jung Ryeol , Jee Byung Chul , Suh Chang Suk , Kim Seok Hyun
Published: April 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support (LPS) on the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in natural frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles via a meta-analysis.Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies that met our selection criteria. Four online databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched between January 2017 and May 2017. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion criteria and meta-analyzed using R software version 2.14.2. The main outcome measure was CPR.Results: A total of 18 studies were reviewed and assessed for eligibility. One RCT (n=435) and three retrospective studies (n=3,033) met the selection criteria. In a meta-analysis of the selected studies, we found no significant difference in the CPR (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–1.55) between the vaginal progesterone and control groups. An analysis of the two retrospective cohort studies that reported the live birth rate (LBR) following FET showed a significantly higher LBR in the vaginal progesterone group (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.21–2.46). A subgroup meta-analysis of FET conducted 5 days after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin showed no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the CPR (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.90–1.55) or miscarriage rate (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.36–1.47).Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis of the currently available literature suggest that LPS with vaginal progesterone in natural FET cycles does not improve the CPR.
Effect of Probiotics on Full Intestinal Feeding in Premature Infants: A Double Blind, Clinical Trial
Authors: Jalali Seyedeh Zohreh , shiri Mohammad Reza , Ghassab Shirazi Morvarid
Published: April 2020

Background: Premature infants suffer from many problems due to the lack of evolution of the digestive system, and early onset of intestinal feeding prevents these complications. Probiotics have been used to prevent intestinal disorders in preterm infants due to their many benefits. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the efficacy of probiotics on time to reach full intestinal feeds (120 cc/kg/day) in premature newborns. Methods: This study was double-blind randomized clinical trial. Preterm infants born at < 36 weeks and birth weight of 1000 – 2500 gr (n = 58) in 17th Shahrivar Hospital, Rasht, Iran, were randomly assigned into intervention group (oral administration of probiotics) and control group (with normal saline administration). Data were collected using a data form that includes demographic characteristics, time to full intestinal feeding, and the incidence of complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation time to full intestinal feeding in the probiotic group was 5.7 ± 1.06 days, while in the placebo group was 6.72 ± 1.98 days, which was statistically significant (P = 0.002). There were no significant correlation between study variables and time to full intestinal feeding except mode of delivery (P = 0.029). Conclusions: Feeding with probiotics is recognized as an effective way to prevent adverse health outcomes in preterm infants. The present study showed that administration of probiotics reduced the time to full feeding. Therefore, it is an effective and inexpensive method to prevent intestinal disorders in newborns.