bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in the area of suitable breeding habitat for the Endangered Lake Titicaca Grebe Rollandia microptera, 2001–2020
Authors: Villar D. A. , Long P. R. , Gutierrez Tito E. R. , Moreno Terrazas E. G. , Gosler A. G.
Published: March 2023

The Lake Titicaca Grebe Rollandia microptera is a poorly studied endemic species found in the Lake Titicaca watershed of Peru and Bolivia. Multiple surveys from the early 2000s indicated that the species was suffering a rapid population decline with an unknown cause. At the same time as these surveys, reports emerged that there was an increase in burning of the totora wetlands which are thought to be the primary habitat for the Lake Titicaca Grebe. However, since 2003, no work has been published either on the current population of the Lake Titicaca Grebe, or the extent of the totora wetlands in the Lake Titicaca region. This paper used satellite data to monitor the change in extent of habitat potentially suitable for the Lake Titicaca Grebe to determine whether habitat loss is likely to be a major driver of population declines in this species. We found that the extent of potentially suitable wetland remained stable between 2001 and 2020, though there are more local regional trends of change in extent of totora. We also found that multiple areas exist that might support Lake Titicaca Grebe populations, but where ornithological knowledge is lacking. We suggest no change to the IUCN status of the Lake Titicaca Grebe, but recommend that further fieldwork is required to monitor the species’ current population, especially in previously unstudied but potentially habitable areas.
Attitudes and perceived knowledge of health professionals on the food labelling reform in Israel
Authors: Furman-Assaf Sharon , Accos-Carmel Moran , Kolobov Tatyana , Blaychfeld-Magnazi Moran , Endevelt Ronit , Tamir Orly
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To assess the attitudes and perceived knowledge of health professionals regarding the food product judgemental-labelling reform that began in January 2020 in Israel.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Settings:

An online survey among health professionals working in the Israeli health system.

Participants:

456 participants (118 physicians, 207 nurses, 131 nutritionists).

Results:

Most respondents (89·9 %) were women, 36 % had over 20 years of professional experience. All nutritionists, 96·6 % of physicians and 94·7 % of nurses reported hearing about the reform, and most (88·9 % of nurses, 76·3 % of physicians and 75·6 % of nutritionists) claimed supporting the reform to a great or very great extent. Most respondents believe they should discuss issues related to healthy eating with their patients (91·8 % of nurses, 94·9 % of physicians and all nutritionists), but only about half (47·5 % of physicians and 57·0 % of nurses) reported that they have sufficient knowledge in this field, particularly about food labelling. Almost two-thirds of nutritionists (60·3 %) reported instructing patients to change their food intake according to labelling v. 40·1 % and 34·7 % of nurses and physicians, respectively. Only some respondents felt that they could influence their patients’ nutrition habits. Most participants believe that additional regulatory measures should also be used to promote healthy nutrition.

Conclusions:

There is a gap between the desire of physicians and nurses to provide nutritional guidance to the public and their actual knowledge about the labels’ meaning as well as their competencies in providing nutrition counselling. When formulating a reform, policymakers should provide clear guidelines about the expectations of implementing it in therapeutic practice.
Descriptive Representation under Group Conflict Scenarios
Authors: Tate Katherine
Published: March 2023

Jane Mansbridge (1999) challenges critics of descriptive representation, writing that it leads to improvements in substantive representation. Theorists, however, continue to debate the degree to which groups can be represented by single individuals in government as gains in descriptive representation fail to be transformative. The effects of descriptive representation are more complex than they are often presented as new descriptive representatives do not always win acceptance. Even as there are substantive policy gains through descriptive representation, there are also setbacks for groups through the mobilization of opposition groups. There is also pressure on descriptive representatives to moderate their positions and be less vocal. Given the dominant position of privileged groups and their conservative ideologies that defend inequality, substantive gains from descriptive representation are less than implied by descriptive representation advocates.
The Green-Eyed Monster in Social Media – Development and Validation of a Digital Jealousy Scale
Authors: Gubler Danièle Anne , Schlegel Katja , Richter Marina , Kapanci Tugba , Troche Stefan Johannes
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Romantic jealousy describes a feeling when individuals suspect losing their romantic partner to a potential rival. Social media has a high potential to trigger romantic jealousy as it offers almost unlimited opportunities to build social relationships. Thus, it is unsurprising that many studies are now examining social media‐induced jealousy (SoMJ). However, there has been a lack of standardized instruments that can capture SoMJ independently of a specific social media platform. In the present two studies, we developed the 9-item Digital Jealousy Scale (DJS) in German and English and examined its psychometric properties using three heterogeneous samples from Germany and the United Kingdom. The postulated one-factor structure fitted the data very well. Additionally, construct validity was established by showing the expected correlations between the DJS and personality variables such as other jealousy measures, attachment dimensions, self-esteem, and the Big Five dimensions. The DJS is thus a valuable instrument to assess SoMJ.
Introduction and Validation of the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS)
Authors: Schoenegger Philipp , Maier Maximilian , Sousa Bastos Rafael Valdece
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Antinatalism is the view that procreation is morally wrong. This paper introduces and validates the Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS) that allows researchers to measure antinatalist views. We conducted four preregistered studies with a total of 1,088 participants. First, we ran a study on Prolific ( N = 296) and conducted an exploratory factor analysis of an initial scale including 22 items drawn from the philosophical literature on antinatalism. In Study 2, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of a reduced 12-item scale, also on Prolific ( N = 396). Based on a Mokken scale analysis, we further reduced the scale to a 5-item version which we tested in a second confirmatory factor analysis, Study 3, on Prolific ( N = 297), where we also aimed to provide evidence of validity. The results indicated excellent model fit (RMSEA = 0.012) and evidence for validity (with life satisfaction, affective empathy, and conservatism correlating negatively with antinatalism). Lastly, we conducted Study 4 with a sample of self-identified antinatalists on Reddit ( N = 99) to provide additional evidence of validity. We find that the instrument is measurement invariant between self-described antinatalists and the general population and that antinatalists score significantly higher on the scale ( d = 2.80). This provides evidence in favor of reliability and validity with respect to the final 5-item Short Antinatalism Scale (S-ANS). We hope that the S-ANS, which is freely available to all researchers, advances rigorous research into antinatalism and its determinants across a variety of fields that relate to the value of life and procreation.
Confronting Solid‐State Shear Bias: Magmatic Fabric Contribution to Crustal Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Frothingham Michael G. , Mahan Kevin H. , Schulte‐Pelkum Vera , Goncalves Philippe , Zucali Michele
Published: March 2023

Seismic anisotropy is controlled by aligned rock‐forming minerals, which most studies attribute to solid‐state shear with less consideration for magmatic fabric in plutonic rocks (rigid‐body rotation of crystals in the presence of melt). Our study counters this traditional solid‐state bias by evaluating contributions from fossil magmatic fabric. We collected samples from various tectonic settings, identified mineral orientations with electron backscatter diffraction and neutron diffraction, and calculated their bulk rock elastic properties. Results indicate that magmatic fabric may lead to moderate to strong anisotropy (3%–9%), comparable to solid‐state deformation. Also, magmatically aligned feldspar may cause foliation‐perpendicular fast velocity, a unique orientation that contrasts with a fast foliation typical of solid‐state deformation. Therefore, magmatic fabric may be more relevant to seismic anisotropy than previously recognized. Accordingly, increased considerations of magmatic fabric in arcs, batholiths, and other tectonic settings can change and potentially improve the prediction, observation, and interpretation of crustal seismic anisotropy.
GOLD Mission's Observation About the Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the Nighttime Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPB) During a Solar Minimum Equinox
Authors: Karan Deepak Kumar , Eastes Richard W. , Daniell Robert E. , Martinis Carlos R. , McClintock William E.
Published: March 2023

The nighttime ionospheric response to a geomagnetic storm that occurred on 23–29 September 2020 is investigated over the South American, Atlantic, and West African longitude sectors using NASA's Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk measurements. On 27 September the solar wind conditions were favorable for prompt penetration electric fields to influence the equatorial ionosphere over extended longitudes. The equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests were shifted 8°–10° poleward compared to the quiet time monthly mean across ∼65°–35°W during the main phase. Ionosonde hmF2 (peak electron density height) measurements from Fortaleza (GG: 3.9°S and 38.4°W) indicated a stronger prereversal enhancement this evening than other nights. As a result, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) occurred at these longitudes on this evening. This is the first simultaneous investigation of EIA morphology and EPB occurrence rate over an extended longitude range from geostationary orbit during a geomagnetic storm.
High Resolution Forecasting of Summer Drought in the Western United States
Authors: Abolafia‐Rosenzweig Ronnie , He Cenlin , Chen Fei , Ikeda Kyoko , Schneider Timothy , Rasmussen Roy
Published: March 2023

Drought monitoring and forecasting systems are used in the United States (U.S.) to inform drought management decisions. Drought forecasting efforts have often been conducted and evaluated at coarse spatial resolutions (i.e., >10‐km), which miss key local drought information at higher resolutions. Addressing the importance of forecasting drought at high resolutions, this study develops statistical models to evaluate 1‐ to 3‐month lead time predictability of meteorological and agricultural summer drought across the western U.S. at a 4‐km resolution. Our high‐resolution drought predictions have statistically significant skill (p ≤ 0.05) across 70%–100% of the western U.S., varying by evaluation metric and lead time. 1‐ to 3‐month lead time drought forecasts accurately represent monitored summer drought spatial patterns during major drought events, the interannual variability of drought area from 1982 to 2020 (r = 0.84–0.93), and drought trends (r = 0.94–0.97). 71% of western U.S summer drought area interannual variability can be explained by cold‐season (November–February) climate conditions alone allowing skillful 3‐month lead time predictions. Pre‐summer drought conditions (represented by drought indices) are the most important predictors for summer drought. Thus, the statistical models developed in this study heavily rely on the autocorrelation of chosen agricultural and meteorological drought indices which estimate land surface moisture memory. Indeed, prediction skill strongly correlates with persistence of drought conditions (r ≥ 0.73). This study is intended to support future development of operational drought early warning systems that inform drought management.
SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting cell survival and immune evasion via UPR activation
Authors: Yi Xiuli , Wang Huina , Yang Yuqi , Wang Hao , Zhang Hengxiang , Guo Sen , Chen Jianru , Du Juan , Tian Yangzi , Ma Jingjing , Zhang Baolu , Wu Lili , Shi Qiong , Gao Tianwen , Guo Weinan , Li Chunying
Published: March 2023

Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer, originating from the malignant transformation of melanocyte. While the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has gained revolutionary advances in potentiating the therapeutic effect, the prognosis of patients with melanoma is still suboptimal. During tumor progression, melanoma frequently encounters stress from both endogenous and exogenous sources in tumor microenvironment. SIRT7 is a nuclear-localized deacetylase of which the activity is highly dependent on intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), with versatile biological functions in maintaining cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, whether SIRT7 regulates tumor cell biology and tumor immunology in melanoma under stressful tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Herein, we reported that SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting tumor cell survival and immune evasion via the activation of unfolded protein response. We first identified that SIRT7 expression was the most significantly increased one in sirtuins family upon stress. Then, we proved that the deficiency of SIRT7 potentiated tumor cell death under stress in vitro and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SIRT7 selectively activated the IRE1α-XBP1 axis to potentiate the pro-survival ERK signal pathway and the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines. SIRT7 directly de-acetylated SMAD4 to antagonize the TGF-β-SMAD4 signal, which relieved the transcriptional repression on IRE1α and induced the activation of the IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Moreover, SIRT7 up-regulation eradicated anti-tumor immunity by promoting PD-L1 expression via the IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Additionally, the synergized therapeutic effect of SIRT7 suppression and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade was also investigated. Taken together, SIRT7 can be employed as a promising target to restrain tumor growth and increase the effect of melanoma immunotherapy.
A new method assessing predicted and achieved mandibular tooth movement in adults treated with clear aligners using CBCT and individual crown superimposition
Authors: Alwafi Abdulraheem A. , Hannam Alan G. , Yen Edwin H. , Zou Bingshuang
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a new method for quantifying the difference between predicted and achieved tooth movement with Invisalign using stable three-dimensional (3D) mandibular landmarks and dental superimposition. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans before (T1) and after (T2) the first series of aligners, their corresponding digital models (ClinCheck initial of the first series as T1 and ClinCheck initial of the refinement series as T2), and the ClinCheck final model of the first series as the predicted were obtained from 5 patients treated with non-extraction Invisalign therapy. After segmentation of the mandible and its dentition, T1 and T2 CBCTs were superimposed on stable anatomic structures (Pogonion and bilateral mental foramen) along with the pre-registered ClinCheck models. The 3D prediction differences between the predicted and achieved tooth position for 70 teeth with four types (incisor, canine, premolar and molar) were measured using a combination of software. The method employed in this study was tested to be reliable and repeatable with a very high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both intra- and inter-examiner reliability. Premolar Phi (rotation), Incisor Psi (mesiodistal angulation), and Molar Y (mesiodistal translation) showed a significant prediction difference (P < 0.05), which is also clinically relevant. The method involving CBCT and individual crown superimposition to measure the 3D positional changes in the mandibular dentition is a robust and novel one. While, our finding in terms of the predictability of Invisalign treatment in the mandibular dentition mainly served as a crude, cursory examination, which warrants further and more rigorous investigations. With this novel methodology, it is possible to measure any amount of 3D tooth position difference in the mandibular dentition either between the simulated and the actual or with treatment and/or growth. Deliberate use of overcorrection of which specific type of tooth movement with clear aligner treatment and to what extent, might be possible with future studies.
An m7G-related lncRNA signature predicts prognosis and reveals the immune microenvironment in bladder cancer
Authors: Li Zhenchi , Zhao Jie , Huang Xing , Wang Jiangping
Published: March 2023

Bladder cancer (BC) is a representative malignant tumor type, and the significance of N7-methyguanosine (m7G)-related lncRNAs in BC is still unclear. Utilizing m7G-related lncRNAs, we developed a prognostic model to evaluate BC's prognosis and tumor immunity. First, we selected prognostic lncRNAs related to m7G by co-expression analysis and univariate Cox regression and identified two clusters by consensus clustering. The two clusters differed significantly in terms of overall survival, clinicopathological factors, and immune microenvironment. Then, we further constructed a linear stepwise regression signature by multivariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Patients fell into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups considering the train group risk score. HR group had worse prognoses when stratified by clinicopathological factors. The receiver operating curve (ROC) suggested that the signature had a better prognostic value. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed a negative relevance to the risk score, and patients with low TMB presented a better prognosis. Validation of the signature was carried out with multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis, nomogram, principal component analysis (PCA), C-Index, and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated the enrichment of tumor-related pathways in HR groups, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) indicated a close association of risk score with tumor immunity. According to the drug sensitivity test, the signature could predict the effects of conventional chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, our study indicates the close relevance of m7G-related lncRNAs to BC, and the established risk signature can effectively evaluate patient prognosis and tumor immunity and is expected to become a novel prognostic marker for BC patients.
Revisiting the inhibitory potential of protein kinase inhibitors against NEK7 protein via comprehensive computational investigations
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Abida , Aziz Mubashir , Zafar Zeenat , Akhtar Naveed , Ogaly Hanan A.
Published: March 2023

The NEK7 protein is required for spindle formation, cell division, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome receptor. The aberrant expression of NEK7 has been implicated to the growth of metastasis and severe inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, and gout. An emergent target for the development of anti-cancer drugs is NEK7. In this context, the PubChem database was used to retrieve the 675 compound library and FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitors, which were then thoroughly examined via in-silico experiments. Computational studies investigated the binding orientation, electronic, and thermodynamic characteristics of drug candidates related to target protein. Drugs were investigated using density functional theory and molecular docking to find binding interactions with NEK7. Molecular dynamic simulations assessed interactions and stability of protein–ligand complex. DFT analyses showed that selected compounds maintained a significant amount of chemical reactivity in both liquid and gaseous states. Alectinib, Crizotinib, and compound 146476703 all displayed promising molecular interactions, according to molecular docking studies, with docking scores of − 32.76, − 30.54, and − 34.34 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, MD simulations determined the stability and dynamic characteristics of the complex over a 200 ns production run. The current study’s findings indicate that the drugs Alectinib, Crizotinib, and compound 146476703 can successfully inhibit the overexpression of the NEK7 protein. To discover more potent drugs against NEK7, it is recommended to synthesize the derivatives of Alectinib and Crizotinib and carry out additional in-vitro and in-vivo studies at the molecular level.
A novel electrochemical sensor based on an Fe–N–C/AuNP nanohybrid for rapid and sensitive gallic acid detection
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Li Xijiao , Hu Xinxin , Li Chunxiang , Liu Shanqin , Ma Jingjing , Wang Jichao , Li Renlong , Wang Qing , Ding Xiaoman , Wang Zhiyuan
Published: March 2023

An Fe–N–C/AuNP nanohybrid was combined with a glassy carbon electrode to construct a novel electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of gallic acid (GA). The sensor exhibited excellent performance to detect GA with a wide linear response range and low detection limit.
Synthesis of 2-carboxyaniline-substituted maleimides from 2′-nitrochalcones
Authors: Aksenov Nicolai A. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Ganusenko Daniil D. , Kurenkov Igor A. , Leontiev Alexander V. , Aksenov Alexander V.
Published: March 2023

An easy, one-step approach to fluorescent aminomaleimides possessing a build-in linker handle is reported.
Improving the hydrothermal stability of Pd/SSZ-13 for low-temperature NO adsorption: promotional effect of the Mg2+ co-cation
Authors: Cai Jinhuang , Zhao Huawang , Li Xiang , Jing Guohua , Schwank Johannes W.
Published: March 2023

Insufficient hydrothermal stability is an issue that restricts application of Pd/SSZ-13 for low-temperature NO adsorption from vehicle emissions.
Metal-free synthesis of an estetrol key intermediate under intensified continuous flow conditions
Authors: Bianchi Pauline , Dubart Amaury , Moors Maurane , Cornut Damien , Duhirwe Gilbert , Ampurdanés Vilanova Jordi , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe M.
Published: March 2023

Development of a scalable and intensified thermolysis process for the preparation of a key intermediate toward estetrol.
A hybrid prediction method for short‐term load based on temporal convolutional networks and attentional mechanisms
Authors: Li Min , Tian Hangwei , Chen Qinghui , Zhou Mingle , Li Gang
Published: March 2023

Accurate power load prediction is an important guide for power system planning and operation. High‐ or low‐load prediction results will affect the operation of the power system. In recent years, deep learning technology represented by convolution neural network (CNN) and transformer has been proved to be suitable for power load prediction. This paper proposes a new short‐term power load hybrid forecasting model, called channel enhanced attention (CEA) and temporal convolutional network (TCN)‐based transformer comprehensive forecasting model. This method combines the short‐term feature extraction ability of TCN with the long‐term dependent capture ability of transformer for short‐term load forecasting. And the CEA designed in this study is added to improve the prediction accuracy. On the same dataset, the designed model predicts power load mean square errors of 0.056 and 0.146 for the next 24 h and the next week, respectively, which is 0.002 to 0.073 and 0.012 to 0.024 lower than the baseline model. The experimental results show that the hybrid short‐term power load prediction model proposed in this paper is significantly better than the existing methods. The predicted curve is in agreement with the actual charge change, which provides a good guidance for short‐term power load prediction.
Gorilla tropical optimization algorithm solution for performance enhancement of offshore wind farm
Authors: Mohamed Nour A. , Hasanien Hany M. , Al‐Ammar Essam A. , Tostado‐Véliz Marcos , Turky Rania A. , Jurado Francisco , Badr Ahmed O.
Published: March 2023

This article describes a technique for improving the performance of an offshore wind farm (OWF), which includes a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by a variable‐speed wind turbine (VSWT) and connected to the grid through a high‐voltage direct current transmission system (HVDC). Under various network disturbances, the gorilla tropical optimization (GTO) metaheuristic method is used to fine‐tune the proportional‐integral (PI) controller gains for VSC‐based PMSG‐VSWT and VSC‐based HVDC transmission systems. This study compares several strategies for extracting the maximum power from a system while maintaining stability under symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault circumstances. Compared to different algorithms, GTO provides better results and improves system recovery and stability after disturbances. As a consequence, dynamic and transient stability may be enhanced. MATLAB/Simulink is used to implement the control mechanism.
Management of third molars projected into the temporal fossa and infratemporal fossa: systematic literature review
Authors: Guégan Brendan , Casenave Théo , Lapeyrie Philippe , Benard Vincent
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Projection of the maxillary third molar into the temporal or infra temporal fossa is a rare complication. There is no recommendation for the management of such complication. The aim of this work is to try establishing a removal protocol. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using all cases reports of iatrogenic projection of the tooth into the temporal fossa or infratemporal fossa and how they were treated. The last search was conducted in July 2021. Results: 27 cases involving 28 teeth, published between 1986 and 2020 were included. Discussion: The intraoral approach seems to be preferred in the first instance for teeth in the infra temporal fossa and a cutaneous approach for teeth in the temporal fossa. This should be done within 3–6 weeks after projection to attempt removal. This allows the formation of a fibrous capsule and the downward migration of the tooth to facilitate removal. The use of complementary technological means can improve the chances of success. Conclusion: Resulting a flow chart, who is an aid to management of this type of situation, providing a clear idea of the approach to be taken.
La SFO a quarante ans
Authors: Chavel Pierre , Boulanger Benoît
Published: March 2023

La SFO est entrée dans sa quarantième année. Après une évocation des circonstances de sa fondation, nous mettons en évidence les caractéristiques et les activités qui permettent d’affirmer que notre société a réussi à créer une communauté scientifique vivante et en bonne interaction avec ses environnements tant scientifique que géographique.
Expert Consensus on the Interventional Treatment of Choledocholithiasis with Integrative Medicine
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Zhongmin , Guo Jinhe , Wu Honglei , Zhang Kai , Yu Tao , Du Zhengguang , Zhao Wenxia , Jin Long , Liu Chongzhong , Fu Zan , Sun Jiangguang , Gao Kun , Shao Haibo , Feng Duiping , Shen Dongfeng , Jia Hongling , Li Yuliang
Published: March 2023

Percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon drainage (PTPBD) is a newly emerging interventional treatment modality for choledocholithiasis in China. Compared with other treatments, it has some advantages. Traditional Chinese medicine has been proven to have certain advantages in the treatment of choledocholithiasis, with reliable efficacy, few side effects, and a low recurrence rate. To standardize the clinical practice of choledocholithiasis, facilitate the application of PTPBD, and improve the diagnosis and treatment of integrative medicine, the Chinese College of Interventionalists organized multidisciplinary experts to discuss and formulate this consensus. This consensus aims to regulate the patient selection and technical process of PTPBD and the diagnosis and treatment scheme of integrative medicine.
AB Bilayer graphene in the external magnetic field
Authors: Apinyan V. , Kopeć T. K.
Published: March 2023

This paper is dedicated to studying the magnetic field effects on the physical properties of the AB bilayer graphene. We consider the generalized Hubbard model to study the physical properties in the AB staked bilayer graphene exposed to the external magnetic field and applied electric field potential. We calculated a series of physical parameters in the system numerically as a function of the magnetic field and electric field potential. Different site-filling regimes have been considered and their influence on the behavior of the calculated physical parameters has been studied. We show that at the half-filling and high magnetic field values the charge neutrality is attained in the bilayer graphene, while at the partial-filling the system gets only charge-stabilized. Moreover, for both filling regimes, we have found a narrow region of the magnetic field parameter, where the excitonic pairing interaction survives.
Spectral shaping in a multimode fiber by all-fiber modulation
Authors: Finkelstein Zohar , Sulimany Kfir , Resisi Shachar , Bromberg Yaron
Published: March 2023

In the past few years, there is a renewed interest in using multimode fibers for a wide range of technologies such as communication, imaging, and spectroscopy. However, practical implementations of multimode fibers in such applications are held back due to the challenges in dealing with modal dispersion, mode coupling, and the fiber’s sensitivity to mechanical perturbations. Here, we utilize these features of multimode fibers to generate all-fiber reconfigurable spectral filters. By applying computer-controlled mechanical deformations to the fiber along with an optimization algorithm, we manipulate the light propagation in the fiber and control its output field. Using this approach, we demonstrate tunable bandpass filters and dual-band filters with spectral resolutions as low as 5 pm.
Phase proper orthogonal decomposition of non-stationary turbulent flow
Authors: Hodžić Azur , Evrard Fabien , van Wachem Berend , Velte Clara M.
Published: March 2023

A phase proper orthogonal decomposition (phase POD) method is demonstrated utilizing phase averaging for the decomposition of spatiotemporal behavior of statistically non-stationary turbulent flows in an optimized manner. The proposed phase POD method is herein applied to a periodically forced statistically non-stationary lid-driven cavity flow, implemented using the snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition algorithm. Space-phase modes are extracted to describe the dynamics of the chaotic flow, in which four central flow patterns are identified for describing the evolution of the energetic structures as a function of phase. The modal building blocks of the energy transport equation are demonstrated as a function of the phase. The triadic interaction term can here be interpreted as the convective transport of bi-modal interactions. Non-local energy transfer is observed as a result of the non-stationarity of the dynamical processes inducing triadic interactions spanning across a wide range of mode numbers.
Working memory and listening fatigue in cochlear implantation
Authors: Hamdy Mona , El Shennawy Amira , Mostafa Nourhan , Hamdy Hussein Sherif
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hearing involves more than just the central auditory pathway’s operation and hearing threshold. Instead, the term ‘hearing’ encompasses a range of skills such as listening, comprehending, and communicating. As a result, a thorough assessment of the patient’s listening effort and working memory is critical.

Methods:

Forty-four subjects with cochlear implantation were included in the study, 22 patients as a study group and 22 subjects as a control group. They were assessed by digit span test for working memory, speech in noise test at different SNR levels, Fatigue assessment scale and Effort assessment scale.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in the Spin test between the study and control group. The study group showed a significant higher Spin scores at all SNR levels. There was a significant difference in both digit span forward and digit span backward tests between both the study and control group with a significant negative correlation between digit span and listening effort and fatigue scales. There was a significant statistical difference in the mean results of both the listening fatigue assessment scale and listening effort assessment scale between the study and control group where the study group showed a significant higher result in both scales.

Conclusion:

Assessing the effort associated with recognising speech is very valuable. Scales for measuring listening effort and listening fatigue as well as working memory can be easily incorporated into the basic audiological evaluation providing valuable insights for further rehabilitation.
A general method for quantitative fractionation of mammalian cells
Authors: Udi Yael , Zhang Wenzhu , Stein Milana E. , Ricardo-Lax Inna , Pasolli Hilda A. , Chait Brian T. , Rout Michael P.
Published: March 2023

Subcellular fractionation in combination with mass spectrometry–based proteomics is a powerful tool to study localization of key proteins in health and disease. Here we offered a reliable and rapid method for mammalian cell fractionation, tuned for such proteomic analyses. This method proves readily applicable to different cell lines in which all the cellular contents are accounted for, while maintaining nuclear and nuclear envelope integrity. We demonstrated the method’s utility by quantifying the effects of a nuclear export inhibitor on nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic proteomes.
Voigt transmission windows in optically thick atomic vapours: a method to create single-peaked line centre filters
Authors: Briscoe Jack D , Logue Fraser D , Pizzey Danielle , Wrathmall Steven A , Hughes Ifan G
Published: March 2023

Cascading light through two thermal vapour cells has been shown to improve the performance of atomic filters that aim to maximise peak transmission over a minimised bandpass window. In this paper, we explore the atomic physics responsible for the operation of the second cell, which is situated in a transverse (Voigt) magnetic field and opens a narrow transmission window in an optically thick atomic vapour. By assuming transitions with Gaussian line shapes and magnetic fields sufficiently large to access the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime, the window is modelled by resolving the two transitions closest to line centre. We discuss the validity of this model and perform an experiment which demonstrates the evolution of a naturally abundant Rb transmission window as a function of magnetic field. The model results in a significant reduction in two-cell parameter space, which we use to find theoretical optimised cascaded line centre filters for Na, K, Rb and Cs across both D lines. With the exception of Cs, these all have a better figure of merit than comparable single cell filters in literature. Most noteworthy is a Rb-D2 filter which outputs

>

92
%

of light through a single peak at line centre, with maximum transmission 0.71 and a width of 330 MHz at half maximum.
Impact of thermal oxidation uniformity on 150 mm GaAs- and Ge-substrate VCSELs
Authors: Gillgrass S J , Allford C P , Peach T , Baker J , Johnson A D , Davies J I , Joel A M , Shutts S , Smowton P M
Published: March 2023

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) devices and arrays are increasingly important in meeting the demands of today’s wireless communication and sensing systems. Understanding the origin of non-uniform wet thermal oxidation across large-area VCSEL wafers is a crucial issue to ensure highly reliable, volume-manufactured oxide-confined VCSEL devices. As VCSEL wafer diameters approach 200 mm, germanium (Ge) is emerging as an alternative substrate solution. To this end, we investigate the uniformity of 940 nm-emitting VCSEL performance across 150 mm diameter GaAs- and Ge-substrates, comparing the oxidation method in each case. Nominally identical epitaxial structures are used to evaluate the strain induced wafer bow for each substrate type with Ge exhibiting a reduction of over 100 μm in the peak-to-valley distortion when compared with GaAs. This wafer bow is found to be the principal cause of centre-to-edge oxidation non-uniformity when utilising a conduction-heated chuck furnace, in comparison to a convection-heated tube furnace. Using on-wafer testing of threshold current, differential resistance, and emission wavelength, device performance is demonstrated for the first time across a 150 mm Ge wafer, and is shown to be comparable to performance on GaAs substrates, when the effects of oxidation uniformity are removed. These results provide evidence that there is a realistic path to manufacturing high yield VCSELs, over wafer diameters approaching those used in Si-photonics, via Ge substrates.
Experimental study on the underwater DC arc behaviors regulated by an external transverse magnetic field
Authors: Ke Qichen , Wu Yi , He Hailong , Dong Shaolun , Xiao Yu , Jiang Fengfeng , Niu Chunping , Rong Mingzhe
Published: March 2023

An arc discharge in water can generate extremely high voltage, which has great potential to be used in DC fault protection. The voltage characteristic is closely related to the arc behaviors. However, due to the complexity of the gas–liquid mixed environment, the arc shape is difficult to observe directly. In this letter, an observation device is specially designed and underwater arc motion with millisecond-scale duration is clearly photographed. The corresponding relationship between the arc behaviors and the varied voltage is revealed. Additionally, the random behaviors of underwater arc are controlled stably by applying an external transverse magnetic field. The enhanced cooling mechanism and the directional arc motion characteristics are discussed. We demonstrate that fast elongation of the arc column and continuous heat exchange between phase surfaces are the keys to realizing a rapid increase of underwater arc voltage.
Hadron gas in the presence of a magnetic field using non-extensive statistics: a transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic system
Authors: Pradhan Girija Sankar , Sahu Dushmanta , Deb Suman , Sahoo Raghunath
Published: March 2023

Non-central heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are unique in producing magnetic fields of the largest strength in the laboratory. Such fields being produced at the early stages of the collision could affect the properties of Quantum Chromodynamics matter formed in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The transient magnetic field leaves its reminiscence, which in principle, can affect the thermodynamic and transport properties of the final state dynamics of the system. In this work, we study the thermodynamic properties of a hadron gas in the presence of an external static magnetic field using a thermodynamically consistent non-extensive Tsallis distribution function. Various thermodynamical observables such as energy density (ϵ), entropy density (s), pressure (P) and speed of sound (c
s) are studied. Investigation of magnetization (M) is also performed and this analysis reveals an interplay of diamagnetic and paramagnetic nature of the system in the presence of a magnetic field of varying strength. Further, to understand the system dynamics under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, the effect of the non-extensive parameter (q) on the above observables is also studied.
The role of isotope mass and transport for H-mode access in tritium containing plasmas at JET with ITER-like wall
Authors: Birkenmeier G , Solano E R , Carvalho I S , Hillesheim J C , Delabie E , Lerche E , Taylor D , Gallart D , Mantsinen M J , Silva C , Angioni C , Ryter F , Carvalho P , Fontana M , Pawelec E , Silburn S A , Sirén P , Aleiferis S , Bernardo J , Boboc A , Douai D , Puglia P , Jacquet P , Litherland-Smith E , Jepu I , Kos D , Sun H J , Shaw A , King D , Viola B , Henriques R , Kirov K K , Baruzzo M , Garcia J , Hakola A , Huber A , Joffrin E , Keeling D , Kappatou A , Lennholm M , Lomas P , de la Luna E , Maggi C F , Mailloux J , Maslov M , Rimini F G , Vianello N , Verdoolaege G , Weisen H , Wischmeier M ,   JET Contributors
Published: March 2023

The required heating power,

P

LH

, to access the high confinement regime (H-mode) in tritium containing plasmas is investigated in JET with ITER-like wall at a toroidal magnetic field of

B
t

=
1.8

T and a plasma current of

I
p

=
1.7

MA.

P

LH

, also referred to as the L-H power threshold, is determined in plasmas of pure tritium as well as mixtures of hydrogen with tritium (H-T) and mixtures of deuterium with tritium (D-T), and is compared to the L-H power threshold in plasmas of pure hydrogen and pure deuterium. It is found that, for otherwise constant parameters,

P

LH

is not the same in plasmas with the same effective isotope mass,

A

eff

, when they differ in their isotope composition. Thus,

A

eff

is not sufficient to describe the isotope effect of

P

LH

in a consistent manner for all considered isotopes and isotope mixtures. The electron temperature profiles measured at the L-H transition in the outer half of the radius are very similar for all isotopes and isotope mixtures, despite the fact that the L-H power threshold varies by a factor of about six. This finding, together with the observation of an offset linear relation between the L-H power threshold,

P

LH

, and an effective heat diffusivity,

χ

eff

, indicates that the composition-dependent heat transport in the low confinement mode (L-mode) determines, how much power is needed to reach the necessary electron temperatures at the edge, and hence

P

LH

.
Analytic MHD equilibria for rotating plasmas with X-points and elongation, triangularity and squareness control
Authors: Farengo R
Published: March 2023

The MHD equilibrium equation that describes plasmas rotating in the toroidal direction is solved using the Solov’ev ansatz. The equilibria have 2 X-points and the shape of the plasma can be controlled by fixing the values of the aspect ratio, elongation, triangularity, squareness and curvature at the equatorial points. The plasma current, total β and Mach number can be also specified. Examples of equilibria with positive and negative triangularity and different values of the squareness and Mach number are presented.
On real and complex dynamical models with hidden attractors and their synchronization
Authors: Abed-Elhameed Tarek M , Mahmoud Gamal M , Ahmed Mansour E
Published: March 2023

In this work, we propose three chaotic (or hyperchaotic) models. These models are real or complex with one stable equilibrium point (hidden attractor). Based on a modified Sprott E model, three versions were introduced: the complex integer order, the real fractional order, and the complex fractional order. The basic properties of these models have been studied. We discover that the complex integer-order version has chaotic and hyperchaotic multi-scroll hidden attractors (MSHAs) by computing Lyapunov exponents (LEs). By making a small change to a model parameter, different MSHA values can be produced for this version. The dynamics of the real fractional version are investigated through a bifurcation diagram and LEs. It has chaotic hidden attractors for various fractional-order q values. Through varying the model parameters of the complex fractional-order (FO) version, different numbers of chaotic MSHAs can be generated. Due to the complex dynamic behaviours of the MSHAs, these models may have several applications in physics, secure communications, social relations and image encryption. A new kind of combination synchronization (CS) between one integer-order drive model and two FO response models with different dimensions is proposed. The tracking control method is used to investigate a scheme for this type of synchronization. As an example, we used our three models to test the validity of this scheme, and an agreement between the analytical and numerical results was found.
Fractional circuit network theory with n-V-structure
Authors: Luo Xiao-lian , Tan Zhi-Zhong
Published: March 2023

This paper studies a class of circuit network model with fractional n-V-structure, the model contains several independent resistance elements, so it is the topology of multiple network models. First, this paper calculates the equivalent resistance of n-V circuit network by constructing equivalent model, and gives two closed equivalent resistance analytic expressions. Additionally, the concept of negative resistance is put forward. A series of special results of equivalent resistance are discussed. Finally, the complex impedance characteristics of fractional n-V structure circuit networks are studied in detail by using variable substitution technique. The amplitude frequency characteristics and phase frequency characteristics of fractional n-V structure circuit network are revealed through Matlab drawing research.
Information loss and run time from practical application of quantum data compression
Authors: Patel Saahil , Collis Benjamin , Duong William , Koch Daniel , Cutugno Massimiliano , Wessing Laura , Alsing Paul
Published: March 2023

We examine information loss, resource costs, and run time from practical application of quantum data compression. Compressing quantum data to fewer qubits enables efficient use of resources, as well as applications for quantum communication and denoising. In this context, we provide a description of the quantum and classical components of the hybrid quantum autoencoder algorithm, implemented using IBMs Qiskit language. Utilizing our own data sets, we encode bitmap images as quantum superposition states, which correspond to linearly independent vectors with density matrices of discrete values. We successfully compress this data with near-lossless compression using simulation, and then run our algorithm on an IBMQ quantum chip. We describe conditions and run times for training and compressing our data on quantum devices, and relate trainability to specific characteristics and performance metrics of our parametric quantum circuits.
Production of
dibaryon in kaon induced reactions*
Authors: Liu Jing , Lü Qi-Fang , Liu Chun-Hua , Chen Dian-Yong , Dong Yu-Bing
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose to investigate the

dibaryon production in the

process by utilizing a kaon beam with a typical momentum of approximately 10 GeV, which may be available at COMPASS, OKA@U-70, and SPS@CERN. The cross sections for

are estimated, and in particular, the magnitude of the cross sections is evaluated to be several hundred nanobarns at

GeV. Considering that the

dibaryon dominantly decays into

and

, we also estimate the cross sections for

and

, where the

dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of

and

, respectively.