bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent conductive stannic oxide coatings employing an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique: The relevance of the molarity content in the aerosol solution for improvement the electrical properties
Authors: Castañeda L.
Published: February 2022

Highly transparent conductive stoichiometric nanocrystalline stannic oxide coatings were deposited onto Corning® EAGLE XG® slim glass substrates. Including each coating, it was deposited for various concentrations in the aerosol solution with the substrate temperature maintained at 623.15 K by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. Nitrogen was employed both as the solution carrier in addition to aerosol directing gas, maintaining its flow rates at 3500.0 and 500.0 mL/min, respectively. The coatings were polycrystalline, with preferential growth along the stannic oxide (112) plane, irrespective of the molarity content in the spray solution. The coating prepared at 0.2 M, a concentration in the aerosol solution, showed an average transmission of 60% in the visible light region spectrum with a maximum conductivity of 24.86 S/cm. The coatings deposited exhibited in the general photoluminescence spectrum emission colors of green, greenish white, and bluish white calculated on the intensities of the excitonic and oxygen vacancy defect level emissions.
New metrological capabilities for measurements of dynamic liquid flows
Authors: Warnecke H , Kroner C , Ogheard F , Kondrup J B , Christoffersen N , Benková M , Büker O , Haack S , Huovinen M , Ünsal B
Published: February 2022

The capability to calibrate flow and volume devices dynamically has gained increasing interest over the years. Within the scope of the EMPIR project 17IND13 ‘Metrology for real-world domestic water metering’, several test rigs were developed with which dynamic flow profiles can be generated and measured that reflect characteristics of real-world drinking water consumption. The dynamic component of the test rigs is realized based on different technologies such as valves, cavitation nozzles or piston provers. For validation purposes, an intercomparison of the test rigs was carried out in the scope of an EURAMET pilot study no. 1506. Between September 2020 and February 2021, a transfer standard specially developed for the intercomparison was calibrated at eight laboratories. The measurement error was determined for three dynamic flow profiles representative of drinking water consumption in Europe. In addition to determining the measurement errors and the degree of equivalence, five additional key parameters were derived to characterize the test rig properties: (1) repeatability of the profile measurements, (2) mean value of the residuals, (3) deviation between measured total mass and total mass resulting from the given profile and (4) duration of the flow change for an increasing change (5) and duration of the flow change for a decreasing change. These key parameters comprehensively describe the quality with which the dynamic flow profiles were generated and measured on the test rigs and can be used for evaluations in future intercomparisons of this kind. A main outcome of the intercomparison is that there is no technology to be preferred in terms of technical implementation. All test rigs agree well with each other, taking into account their expanded measurement uncertainties.
Role of NBI fuelling in contributing to density peaking between the ICRH and NBI identity plasmas on JET
Authors: Tala T. , Eriksson F. , Mantica P. , Mariani A. , Salmi A. , Solano E.R. , Carvalho I.S. , Chomiczewska A. , Delabie E. , Ferreira J. , Fransson E. , Horvath L. , Jacquet P. , King D. , Kirjasuo A. , Leerink S. , Lerche E. , Maggi C. , Marin M. , Maslov M. , Menmuir S. , Morales R.B. , Naulin V. , Nave M.F.F. , Nordman H. , Perez von Thun C. , Schneider P.A. , Sertoli M. , Tanaka K. , Contributors JET
Published: February 2022

Density peaking has been studied between an ICRH and NBI identity plasma in JET. The comparison shows that 8 MW of NBI heating/fueling increases the density peaking by a factor of two, being R/L
n = 0.45 for the ICRH pulse and R/L
n = 0.93 for the NBI one averaged radially over ρ
tor = 0.4, 0.8. The dimensionless profiles of q, ρ
*, υ
*, β
n and T
i/T
e ≈ 1 were matched within 5% difference except in the central part of the plasma (ρ
tor < 0.3). The difference in the curvature pinch (same q-profile) and thermo-pinch (T
i = T
e) between the ICRH and NBI discharges is virtually zero. Both the gyro-kinetic simulations and integrated modelling strongly support the experimental result where the NBI fuelling is the main contributor to the density peaking for this identity pair. It is to be noted here that the integrated modeling does not reproduce the measured electron density profiles, but approximately reproduces the difference in the density profiles between the ICRH and NBI discharge. Based on these modelling results and the analyses, the differences between the two pulses in impurities, fast ions (FIs), toroidal rotation and radiation do not cause any such changes in the background transport that would invalidate the experimental result where the NBI fuelling is the main contributor to the density peaking. This result of R/L
n increasing by a factor of 2 per 8 MW of NBI power is valid for the ion temperature gradient dominated low power H-mode plasmas. However, some of the physics processes influencing particle transport, like rotation, turbulence and FI content scale with power, and therefore, the simple scaling on the role of the NBI fuelling in JET is not necessarily the same under higher power conditions or in larger devices.
Dual drug delivery collagen vehicles for modulation of skin fibrosis in vitro
Authors: Coentro João Q , di Nubila Alessia , May Ulrike , Prince Stuart , Zwaagstra John , Järvinen Tero A H , Zeugolis Dimitrios I
Published: February 2022

Single molecule drug delivery systems have failed to yield functional therapeutic outcomes, triggering investigations into multi-molecular drug delivery vehicles. In the context of skin fibrosis, although multi-drug systems have been assessed, no system has assessed molecular combinations that directly and specifically reduce cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) expression. Herein, a core–shell collagen type I hydrogel system was developed for the dual delivery of a TGFβ trap, a soluble recombinant protein that inhibits TGFβ signalling, and Trichostatin A (TSA), a small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylases. The antifibrotic potential of the dual delivery system was assessed in an in vitro skin fibrosis model induced by macromolecular crowding (MMC) and TGFβ1. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that ∼50% of the TGFβ trap and ∼30% of the TSA were released from the core and shell compartments, respectively, of the hydrogel system after 10 d (longest time point assessed) in culture. As a direct consequence of this slow release, the core (TGFβ trap)/shell (TSA) hydrogel system induced significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control group (MMC and TGFβ1) collagen type I deposition (assessed via SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemistry), α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression (assessed via immunocytochemistry) and cellular proliferation (assessed via DNA quantification) and viability (assessed via calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-I staining) after 10 d in culture. On the other hand, direct TSA-TGFβ supplementation induced the lowest (p < 0.05) collagen type I deposition, αSMA expression and cellular proliferation and viability after 10 d in culture. Our results illustrate the potential of core–shell collagen hydrogel systems for sustained delivery of antifibrotic molecules.
Spatio-temporal assessing of natural vegetation regulation on SO2 absorption coupling ecosystem process model and OMI satellite data
Authors: Zhao Fen , Yang Peng , Li Renqiang , Shang Hua , Xia Lang , Hu Mengmeng , Xu Ming
Published: February 2022

Quantifying the contribution of natural ecosystems on air quality regulation can help to lay the foundation for ecological construction, and to promote the sustainable development of natural ecosystems. To identify the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of natural vegetation regulation on SO2 absorption and the underlying mechanism of these changes in Qinghai Province, an important ecological barrier and the unique natural ecosystems, the Biome-BGC model was improved to simulate the canopy conductance to SO2 and leaf area index (LAI) on the daily scale, and then the SO2 absorption by vegetation was estimated coupling SO2 concentration from satellite data. Our results showed that the annual average SO2 absorption of the natural ecosystems in Qinghai Province was 4.74 × 104 tons yr−1 from 2005 to 2018, accounting for about 40% of the total emissions. Spatially, the ecosystem service of SO2 absorption gradually decreased from southeast to northwest, and varied from 0 in Haixi state to 14.37 kg SO2 ha−1 yr−1 in Haibei state. The annual average SO2 absorption in unit area was 0.68 kg SO2 ha−1 yr−1, and significantly higher SO2 absorption was observed in summer with 0.45 kg SO2 ha−1 quarterly. The canopy conductance and LAI controlled by climate variables would be the dominant driving factors for the variation of SO2 absorption for natural ecosystems. The sensitivity analysis showed that SO2 concentration contributed more to the uncertainties of SO2 absorption than the conductance in this study. Our results could provide powerful supports for realistic eco-environmental policy and decision making.
Analysis of the contingency of traits in Rubus L. in connection with further selection
Authors: Aniskina T S , Ladyzhenskaya O V , Kryuchkova V A
Published: February 2022

Blackberries are a valuable and promising berry crop that has spread in Europe and America. In Russia, breeding is at an early stage of development, which has led to the production of a single variety so far. In this regard, the goal of the study was set - to determine the conjugation of quantitative traits of blackberries for further selection. The article studied 8 varieties of blackberries ('Karaka Black', 'Natches', 'Loch Tay', 'Columbia Star', 'Ark Prime Freedom', 'Black Gem', 'Black Magic', 'Heaven Can Wait') in the collection of the nursery in the south of Russia. The relationships between the following quantitative traits were studied: yield, weight of berries, length of berries, amount of sugars, average number of drupes per fruit, length and width of central leaflet, length of petiole, thickness of petiole, number of leaflets, average height of replacement shoots, total length of replacement shoots, potential the number of cuttings from one bush and the number of fruits on the lateral. Correlation analysis was used to identify reliable connections between the signs. Found a strong positive relationship between berry length and weight, as well as the average number of drupes per fruit. The amount of sugars in a close positive relationship with the number of leaves. Also interrelated are the average number of replacement shoots per plant, the total length of replacement shoots and the potential number of cuttings per bush. A negative weak relationship was noted between pairs of traits: berry length and average number of replacement shoots; berry length and potential number of cuttings per bush; the width of the central leaflet and the number of fruits on the lateral.
Free choice of food for welfare of a limited population of two year old carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Panov V P , Mustaev S B , Zolotova A V , Safonov A V , Safonova S S
Published: February 2022

The article provides data on the use of auto-feeders for the free choice of compound feed of different composition by two-year-old carp. Self-feeding is one of the ways that make it possible for fish to receive the necessary nutrition, depending on their biological rhythms, regardless of the desire of a person. This method takes into account the concept of “appetite”, which has a significant impact on the rate of feed intake, thus providing the basis for the wellbeing of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the behavior of fish changes, which makes it possible to use food resources more advantageously for gaining body weight, which has been repeatedly shown. The production quality of fish depends not only on the method of feeding, but also on the composition of the feed, which meets the needs for nutrients and promotes their intensive growth. Low-calorie food K-111 does not allow two-year-old carp to show their potential, as evidenced by a smaller mass of fish than when using high-calorie Carp 38/12. Two-year-old carp fed a feed complex with different energy content do not grow the same way. From 18.06 to 11.10, the mass of the studied fish increased in variants I, II and III by 4.6; 7.9 and 9.8 times, and the length - by 66.1; 75.5 and 96.8%, respectively. The number of white muscles for 5 months of carp growing when using K-111 compound feeds increases by 11.3%; Carp 38/12 - does not change and K-111 together with 38/12 - by 17.6% (P<0.05). By loading auto feeders with only one type of feed, a person deprives the fish of the right to choose, and it must only eat it "without appetite." This, accordingly, affects metabolic processes, and, ultimately, growth in general. This is evidenced by our experimental results. When caught, the average weight of carp with combined feeding was 1220 g, which is 2.1 and 1.2 times higher than in fish from options I and II, respectively. Free choice of food allows you to grow fish with a high yield of muscle mass, due to a higher growth rate. When giving a choice, carp prefers high-calorie food (approximately ¾ of the diet), but at the same time does not neglect low-calorie food in a certain proportion (1/4 of the diet). The use of different quality feeds in one pond allows, in our opinion, to comply to a large extent with the Welfare conditions when raising fish. Thus, the use of automatic feeders with different rations in one pond enables the fish to fulfill their needs for a particular food. Such studies make it possible to identify favorable feeding conditions for the cultivation of various types of fish.
Research results on the use of plant growth regulator Triacontanol in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the Lower Volga region
Authors: Ivanchenko T V , Belikina A V
Published: February 2022

To determine of the most effective dose of Triacontanol treatment for foliar cultivation of crops in the tillering and heading phases of winter wheat and its effect on yield and grain quality. Triacontanol is a natural plant growth regulator capable of increasing crop yields, their growth by accelerating photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis. Make an analysis of the influence of different doses of Triacontanol on the duration of the phases of development of winter wheat. Reach the determination of the effect of different doses of Triacontanol on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. The data on the study and determination of the most effective dose of Triacontanol treatment for foliar cultivation of crops in the tillering and heading phases of winter wheat and its effect on yield and grain quality are presented. Triacontanol is a natural plant which has growth regulator capable of increasing crop yields, their growth by accelerating photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis; The doses of Triacontanol and their effect on the duration of the phases of development of winter wheat have been determined; The influence of various doses of Triacontanol on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat has been established. The stages of tillering-earing development were chosen, because during this period, active development of plants takes place: the formation of main and lateral stems, the development of the vegetative mass and generative organs of wheat, therefore it is important and necessary to support their growth and development.
Effect of synthetic plant growth regulators on the antioxidant system of Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Verizhnikova A A , Prudnikova E G , Gavrilova A Yu , Belyaev V A , Averkieva T S
Published: February 2022

The article considers the analysis of available bibliographic data on the effect of silicon and phosphorus on physiological processes in plants. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of new generation synthetic growth regulators Energia-M and Melafen on the physiological and biochemical parameters and yield of the middle-early Solánum tuberósum cultivar Nevsky, grown on gray forest soil in greenhouse. The effect of growth regulators on the activity of antioxidant enzymes was studied. The observed decrease in the activity of polyphenol oxidase and malondialdehyde is compensated by an increase in catalase and peroxidase, which contributes to the intensity and productivity of the general metabolism in the body of the Solánum tuberósum plant. Analysis of the Solánum tuberósum productivity revealed that the total number and weight of tubers increased in the variants with plant growth regulators as compared with the control, which is associated with the outflow of assimilates into the generative organs.
Analysis of foreign and domestic experience in organization of recreational areas landscaping in the structure of waterside territories
Authors: Sokolskaya O B , Vergunova A A , Pychin O N , Razdobarova M N
Published: February 2022

The article provides an analytical review of foreign and domestic experience in research and design solutions in the field of landscaping and improvement of recreational waterside and island territories. The main research directions and authors associated with them are listed. The main problems that violate the integrity of recreational space in waterside territories have been identified. The optimal conditions for recreation at such bodies have been identified. The main patterns of creation, landscaping and improvement of waterside and island territories are determined with fundamental conclusions, both in the world and in Russian practice.
Impact of next-generation 5G cellular communications on honey bees
Authors: Korolev I V , Zakrevsky A A , Zhulikov S S , Voronkova E M , Kravchenko M V
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the impact of ultra-high-frequency (microwave) radiation of a new generation of 5G networks on honey bees. It has been shown that alternating electromagnetic fields can have a harmful effect on bees. Exposure standards are considered, an analysis of the 5G electromagnetic radiation (EMR) effect on bees and methods of protection against exposure is carried out. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value was calculated and it was concluded that the specific absorbed power is significantly less than the value causing the thermal effect on a honey bee. EMP protection can be provided by time, distance and shielding. An effective means of protection against the electromagnetic radiation effects is shielding of radiation sources using shields. When shielding high-frequency electromagnetic fields, the induced currents are concentrated near the screen surface; wherein at the penetration distance δ into the screen material the magnitude of components E and H decreases by 2.73 times. The results of calculating the efficiency of shielding bee hives from 5G EMR and energy flux density (EFD) inside bee hives showed the applicability of shields made of aluminum and steel to protect bees from 5G radiation.
Effectiveness of modern agrotechnological approaches to the cultivation of chickpea in the conditions of North-Western Precaspian area
Authors: Tyutyuma N V , Bondarenko A N
Published: February 2022

Chickpea has better drought resistant and productive properties than pea. Presently, chickpea is the main pulse crop cultivated in the Lower Volga Region because of its higher nutrient and feeding value. The study was aimed to identify the most effective variant of growth stimulation that would meet the requirements of resource sparing technology of chickpea cultivation in the Astrakhan region. Field trials and observations were performed according to the generally accepted methods proposed by Dospekhov and Moiseichenko. Field trials were conducted for the study of the influence of extra root treatment with growth stimulators at different phases of chickpea development and the pre-seeding inoculation with nitrogen-fixing microorganism strains. For the first time, for soil and climatic conditions of the North-Western Caspian Sea, features of chickpea crop formation were revealed depending on cultivation options in irrigation conditions. A comparative analysis was carried out with the identification of the most promising options. Methods and techniques of chickpeas cultivation in irrigation conditions ensuring production of highly productive commercial products are justified. Pre-seeding inoculation with microbiological agents and extra root (foliar) treatment with growth stimulators positively influenced the formation of the yield of the studied crop and the elements of the yield structure as well. Especially, this was evident in the variants with pre-seeding inoculation with microbiological agents that contained strains 065, 527 and in the variants with foliar dressing with Plantafol 10:54:10 and biostimulator Megafol, which significantly differed from the control variant.
The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizing in the cultivation of winter wheat
Authors: Zhichkina L , Zhichkin K , Vlasov A V , Belyaev A M , Borobov V N , Lyubimova N G
Published: February 2022

The development of the grain industry determines the food security level in Russia. Grain is a food product for humans, animal feed, raw material for industries. The research was carried out in 2018-2019 in the Samara region conditions. The research purpose is to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizing in the winter wheat cultivation. The research tasks included: - to identify the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the winter wheat yield; - to calculate the economic efficiency of using nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat. As a result of the studies, it was found that in the variant without the use of nitrogen fertilization, the yield of winter wheat was 21.8 cwt/ha and was the lowest. In variants with the top-dressing use, the yield varied from 22.7 cwt/ha, when used as top-dressing of ammonium nitrate to 24.1 cwt/ha when used as an additional fertilizing of KASS. The increase in yield from fertilizing with nitrogen varied from 0.9 cwt/ha (4.1%) to 2.3 cwt/ha (10.6%). From an economic viewpoint, the most effective option was the application of nitrogen fertilizers KASSA, which made it possible to obtain an economic effect of 1240.95 rubles, while reducing the cost by 165.6-628 rubles/cwt and increasing the profitability level by 57.5-66.1%. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the production of the use of liquid forms of nitrogen fertilizers for feeding winter wheat, contributing to an increase in the profitability of crop cultivation.
The effect of the concentrated antioxidant mixture “Eurotiox Concentrate Dry” on the safet of the feed mixture for minks
Authors: Konovalov A M , Lomskov M A , Nesterchuk S L , Ostapenko V A
Published: February 2022

The article presents studies of the concentrated antioxidant mixture “Eurotiox Concentrate Dry” when it is used in the feed mixture of young minks. Organoleptic parameters of feed mixture are analyzed. The results of chemical analysis of native feed mixture (without Eurotiox Concentrate Dry) and feed mixture using a concentrated antioxidant mixture are presented. The authors revealed that the feed mixture for minks when using Eurotiox Concentrate Dry retains its quality indicators in the permissible concentration. The use of a concentrated antioxidant mixture Eurotiox concentrate Dry, has a stabilizing effect on the feed mixture for minks during the storage.
Technological assessment of native grapes varieties for winemaking in the conditions of Southern Dagestan
Authors: Makuev G A , Isrigova T A , Mukailov M D , Salmanov M M , Magomedov M G
Published: February 2022

B The article says about the role of native varieties of Dagestan in improving the assortment of grapes. It provides the information on the indigenous grape varieties in the varietal composition of the vineyards of the region. A detailed technological assessment of four Dagestan native wine grape varieties of Scarlet Tersky, Asyl Kara, Gimra and Makhbor tsibil in the conditions of Southern Dagestan is given. The data of yield, mechanical composition of bunches, chemical composition of berries, chemical composition and tasting evaluation of red table wines from native grape varieties are given. Analysis of the chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation have shown that the wines from the indigenous varieties Asyl Kara, Gimra and Mahbor tsibil are at the level or superior in quality to the sample from the control variety Saperavi. Based on the research results, it is recommended to expand the area of grapes of the indigenous varieties Asyl Kara, Gimra and Makhbor tsibil in Southern Dagestan and the production of high-quality red table wines from them.
Theoretical study of a sunflower harvester operation equipped with an auger reel
Authors: Startsev A S , Demin E E , Shardina G E , Nesterov E S , Razdobarova M N
Published: February 2022

In Russia, the main oilseed crop is sunflower. Its crops occupy more than 95 % of the area under oilseeds, and annually account for 7.07 % of the area under grain crops. An urgent problem is the loss of oilseeds because of headers and harvesting attachments, which, according to agro technical requirements, should not exceed 2.5 % of the actual yield. The article describes the technological process of the sunflower harvester equipped with an auger-reel. The design of the auger- reel with stripper knives and winding is justified. A mathematical analysis of the capturing process a sunflower head by an auger- reel is proposed. Mathematical expressions are given for the forces acting on the stem during the auger- reel capture, equations for determining the reactions’ moments of the forces acting on the sunflower stem.
Management and rational use of land resources in agriculture
Authors: Belokopytov A V , Moskaleva N V , Matveeva E E , Shevtsova T P
Published: February 2022

The article identifies the factors of management and rational use of agricultural land. The key macro-conditions and micro-factors of the rational use of land resources are highlighted, including the innovative potential and a set of environmental protection measures, state monitoring and quality characteristics of agricultural land, the chemicalization of agriculture and the functional use of agricultural land. As part of the study, an econometric model of effective management and rational use of land resources in the region has been built. Trends in the use of land resources in modern conditions have been determined; the main directions for improving the use of agricultural lands have been substantiated, taking into account the development of innovative activity, intensive use and protective measures, the level of innovation and environmental friendliness of products. The proposed measures will improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the land used, increase the efficiency of land management in modern conditions.
Digitalization issues of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Pogonyshev V A , Torikov V E , Pogonysheva D A , Seraya G V , Khvostenko T M
Published: February 2022

An overview of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex is presented in the article. The stages of digital transformation of the agricultural sector are revealed. The trends of its digitalization are established. It is noted that in the near future the set of digital solutions in the sphere of agro-industrial complex such as "Digital Land Use", "Smart Field", "Smart Greenhouse", "Smart Garden", "Smart Farm", "Digital Technologies in the Management of the Agro-Industrial Complex" will be implemented in the domestic agro-industrial complex. It is shown that for agricultural holdings digitalization includes three stages. The first stage implies the organization of business processes, including the integration of accounting systems, the introduction of electronic records management, the use of dashboarding, the formation of the database of key performance indicators. At the second stage of digitalization agricultural companies introduce innovations such as precision farming, artificial intelligence, computer vision, machine learning, etc. It has been established that at present in the Bryansk region smart farming technologies are used based on the use of geographic information systems, satellite systems, equipment monitoring systems, digital solutions in animal husbandry, etc. The definite actions for training IT specialists with digital competencies in the agrarian sphere in the conditions of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex are proposed.
The effect of treatment of various strains of Bacillus subtilis on the productivity of winter wheat
Authors: Avdeenko A P , Avdeenko S S
Published: February 2022

In the conditions of the Rostov region of the Russian Federation on ordinary micellar-carbonate chernozems, the effect of Bacillus subtilis strains during the processing of winter wheat seeds on the productivity and quality of grain of the zoned varieties Grom and Kalym was studied. The issues of influence of strains 10-VISR, IPM 215, VKM-V-2605D and 26D on field germination of seeds, winter hardiness and survival of plants for harvesting are considered. The analysis of the dependence of the structure of the yield and the yield of wheat varieties on the Bacillus subtilis strain is given. It was found that the treatment of seeds with the studied strains increases the germination rate for the Kalym variety by 0.9-3.4%, and for the Grom variety by 3.8-5.8% in comparison with the chemical dressing agent based on Tebuconazole. The increase in winter hardiness of the Kalym variety was 3.3-5.0%. Productive bushiness increased by 8-24% for the Grom variety and by 6-21% for the Kalym variety. It was revealed that the maximum weight of 1000 grains per spike was when the seeds were treated with the VKM-V-2605D strain. In general, the greatest influence on the productivity of winter wheat was exerted by seed dressing with the Bacillus subtilis VKM-V-2605D strain - the grain yield of the Grom variety increased by 1.27 t / ha, the Kalym variety - by 2.16 t / ha, the profitability of grain production reached 119- 187%.
State support as a factor of sustainable development of agriculture: world experience and national specifics
Authors: Gorshenin Andrey , Gorlov Sergey
Published: February 2022

The article examines the institutional problems and the results of state support for agriculture and its subjects operating in the EU, the USA and the Russian Federation. Its content indicates that in Western European states, the authorities are directing their efforts to primarily stimulate highly profitable agricultural organizations. Along with them, in the United States, the authorities provide priority support for capital-intensive farms that supply the bulk of food to the market. However, in our country, the state provides preferences, mainly for households that do not have free capital, and for novice farmers engaged in commodity production in an unfavorable natural and climatic environment.
Modernization of the CM-2500g grinder for the sunflower cake preparation
Authors: Priporov I E
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the drawbacks of commercial hammer grinders. Serial hammer grinder of CM-2500g type has been improved by modernizing the cutting unit. Test installation has been developed on the basis of the improved design of the CM-2500g grinder. Test installation design is presented, and, in addition to improved grinder of the CM-2500g type, the unit includes a multimedia device in the form of a camera, which makes it possible to obtain an image of the material (sunflower cake) after its grinding and a personal computer for processing this image. Test results on grinding sunflower cake by a grinder of CM-2500g type are presented. Tests of the improved grinder of CM-2500g type showed the compliance of the obtained material (sunflower cake) with zootechnical requirements in accordance with GOST 80-96.
Potato breeding in mountainous and foothill areas
Authors: Basiev S S , Abaev A A , Kozaeva D P , Tsarikaev Z A
Published: February 2022

The work is to develop new competitive potato varieties. The studies were carried out in mountainous conditions on mountain meadow soils in a zone free from viral infection. According to the scheme of the breeding process, in the parent nursery, hybridization was carried out in 18 combinations, 16837 seeds were obtained. In the preliminary test nursery, 3 hybrids formed yields of over 50 t / ha. High yield of hybrids was also noted in the nursery of the main trial. Of the 7 hybrid offspring in the nursery of the 1st year competitive trial, 4 provided a yield higher than the standard variety. Hybrids 13.61 / 66 were isolated from 4 hybrids of the II year competitive test nursery. In the nursery of the third year competitive test, all tested hybrids formed a high yield (2.1-45.5% higher than the standard). The 10.11 / 770 hybrid has been submitted for state testing. Hybrid 10.11 / 765 (Osetinsky variety) is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Additive seed treatment
Authors: Navrotskaya L V , Bashilov A M , Sergeeva N A , Navrotskaya S R , Tsedyakov A A
Published: February 2022

The paper states that the problem of developing valuable starting material for breeding new varieties is very acute. In this situation, the authors consider it necessary to offer new methods of inducing aberrant or recombinative plant variability without using GMOs but attracting own hidden reserves of seeds to increase their germination, seedling growth, productivity, and yield of future agricultural products. For this purpose, the research team suggested treating wet seeds with physical factors by mobilizing forces and releasing energy reserves of seeds, activating physiological and biochemical processes at the early stages of their germination. The research showed that the more water is in the seed cells, the more immobile the rotating DNA molecule is and the more vulnerable the constituent genes are subject to irradiation. The authors found that an increase in seed humidity before irradiation led to a higher yield of chromosomal aberrations, expanding the spectrum of their economically valuable traits to be transmitted to the next generations. The authors presented the results of their studies on the effect of electrophysical factors of seed treatment. The procedure included water-thermal seed treatment with alternating electric current and subsequent laser irradiation depending on doses, type, and nature of influences stimulating the growth and development of their seedlings.
Influence of the design parameters of the peeling machine on the criteria of the peeling process effectiveness
Authors: Anisimov A V , Rudik F Ya , Morgunova N L , Didusenko E N
Published: February 2022

Technological efficiency of the peeling process, from the point of view of the number of detachable shells and unit costs for the process, is analyzed in the article. To assess the technological efficiency of wheat grain peeling, a generalized criterion of efficiency is proposed, which includes local criteria.Their dependence on the intensity of the grain processing in the machine is experimentally clarified. The experiments showed that the technological feasibility of the peeling process is ensured with the percentage of damper opening at the machine exit of δ3 = 60-70%, while the value of Cp.w. is 3.2-2.8%, ΔAc = 0.32-0.2%, and ΔB does not exceed 0.85%.
Development of a recipe composition for canned meat and vegetables based on chicken meat with a legume component
Authors: Ryadinskaya A A , Chuev S A , Ordina N B , Mezinova K V , Koshchaev I A , Zakharova D A
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the issue of strengthening human health by enriching his diet with useful products that carry a therapeutic, prophylactic and dietary load. The results of tests on the development of recipe compositions for meat and vegetable canned food based on chicken meat with the addition of a legume component are presented. The indicators of the quality of the samples of the combined product are considered: food and energy value, the concentration of vitamins and minerals. It has been established that the inclusion of lentils, or peas, or chickpeas, or beans in the composition of the product as an auxiliary material in the manufacture of canned meat and vegetables based on chicken meat allows satisfying the daily human need for protein by 16.91-17.55%, various minerals from 1 .87 to 14.24%; individual vitamins from 0.95 to 40.44%.
Investigation of the processing of walnut fruits using low temperatures
Authors: Neverov E N , Korotkiy I A , Proskuryakova L A , Neverova O A
Published: February 2022

The most important issue when working with nuts is their processing from the shell and peel. Previously, this process was carried out entirely by hand, but today with a higher demand and developed logistics services, the scale of production of the finished product has increased, which entails an increase in the productivity of lines for the destruction of walnut shells. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of low temperatures on the load exerted on the hazelnut shell during its destruction. The tasks to be solved in this work are the development of an experimental stand that allows you to control all the necessary parameters, the receipt of experimental material, its description with further recommendations when introducing the proposed technology into the industry. The maximum effect on the destruction of the hazelnut shell is achieved by freezing it in nitrogen for 15 minutes, the load being about 208.3 N. This duration is optimal when using liquid nitrogen, because during this period of cryogenic freezing, the limiting deformations of destruction are reduced, the hazelnut shell becomes as fragile as possible and is easily destroyed when the nuts are exposed to shock deformations, and the integrity of the nut kernels is preserved as much as possible. So the load for the destruction of the shell of a hazelnut after treatment with liquid nitrogen is reduced by 39%, compared with untreated, which in production conditions will make significant energy savings for the drive of equipment for the destruction of walnut.
Influence of insecticides on the harvest and quality of potato stubs in the conditions of West Kazakhstan region
Authors: Kaliyeva L T , Kushenbekova A K , Tulegenova D K , Kuanaliyeva M K
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results on the yield of potatoes, on the starch content in the tubers, which determined a certain degree of damage to the tops of the Colorado potato beetle. The lowest yield was obtained in the control, and in the variants with the use of insecticides against the Colorado potato beetle, compared with the control, it increased in all experimental variants, depending on the chemical preparation used, in 2017 by 1.8-4.5 times, the lowest indicator by the variant with the preparation cytcor, in 2018 the yield showed a difference of 1.8-4.05 times, it was also the smallest on the variant with cytcor, in 2019 the yield increased 1.81-4.41 times and here the lowest indicator was also when using cytkor. Potato yield on average for 3 years with the use of insecticides in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle was obtained in the range of 12.6 - 16.9 t / ha in the variants of cytkor, aktara, akarin, confidor, bankol, kinmix. A high yield (25.4 t / ha) was obtained when potato plantings were treated with fastacprofi, 28.8 t / ha - in the variant using karate zeon and 29.6 t / ha when decis expert was used. The starch content in potato tubers in the control untreated variant was 10.1 - 10.3%, and in the variants with pesticides - 15.0 - 16.4%, or 4.9 - 6.1% more than in the control. Potato yield and starch content in tubers depend directly on damage to potato plants by the Colorado potato beetle.
Technology and rules for storing oilseeds in the Belgorod region
Authors: Sidelnikova N A , Smirnova V V
Published: February 2022

In the work, the terms and modes of sunflower storage were determined. The state of sown areas and the yield of oilseeds have been analyzed. It has been established that sunflower seeds with a moisture content of no more than 7.0% and an infestation of no more than 2.0% should be laid for long-term storage. It was revealed that for temporary storage (for a period of up to 1 month) - sunflower seeds with a moisture content of no more than 9.0% and an infestation of no more than 3.0%, provided they are actively ventilated. Sunflower seeds with a moisture content of more than 7.0% should be stored at currents for no more than 1 day. The norms of natural loss of sunflower seeds during storage have been studied; they depend on the variety, method and period (3, 6 months and 1 year) of storage of batches of sunflower seeds. It is proposed to consider that the guaranteed shelf life of sunflower seeds is six months from the date of storage. After the expiration of the guaranteed storage period, the quality of the seeds must be checked for compliance with the standard; in case of positive results of the analysis, the storage period is extended.
Theoretical substantiation of the principles of continuous control of grinding equipment modes at the stage of cereal formation
Authors: Lepikhova V A , Lyashenko N V , Chibinev N N , Vyaltsev A V , Skrinnikov E V
Published: February 2022

In the article, the object of research is continuous control of the granulometric composition of the grain grinding mass at the exit of the roller mill, by analyzing the spectrum of acoustic noise generated during the grinding of grain products. The development of a vibroacoustic technique for continuous control of distribution according to the criteria of crushed grain products in the operational mode of mill enterprises is presented. Vibroacoustic noises emitted by the crushed fractions of a grain product are decomposed by a spectrum analyzer into additive spectral components according to consumer classification commodity grinding groups. Decomposition into spectra of vibroacoustic signals is carried out by an analogue spectrum analyzer SK4-56 with the establishment of a correspondence between subspectra and group commodity classification consumer units using the theory of pattern recognition by a training method based on the method of potential functions. To simplify the classification identification procedure, unambiguous correspondences are established between the subspectra and the relative noise level in the corresponding frequency range. In contrast to the existing methods of indirect control of the degree of product fineness, by the size of the roll gap or by the amount of power consumed from the network by the drive motor of the roller mill, or by the magnitude of pressure on a slowly rotating roll, or by the magnitude of the electrical resistance of the crushed grain mass coming out of the roll mill and other methods that give a very rough measurement of the particle size distribution, the proposed method of using spectrograms gives a better approximation model, since it relies on the use of Fourier spectra, which give more adequate correspondences between the spectral model and consumer classification groups. Granulometric analysis of the crushed grain mass is carried out in the frequency range from infrasonic frequencies to ultrasonic bandwidths not exceeding 60 kHz.
Ontogenetic structure of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch population in the Tunkinsky District, Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Khudonogova Elena , Polovinkina Svetlana , Zatsepina Olga
Published: February 2022

The ontogenetic structure of the Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch, cenopopulation studied at altitudes of 100, 600, and 1200 m above sea level in the Tunkinsky District, Republic of Buryatia. In the studied population sites, the most predominant ontogeny stage was virginile, among which the highest percentage was vegetative plants. Our results showed that Bergenia crassifolia populations at altitudes of 100 and 1200 m above sea level are normal and complete. The population at the altitude 600 m above sea level can be considered normal, although not complete due to the lack of seedlings, juvenile and immature individuals. Bergenia crassifolia population self-sustaining is the result of seed and/or vegetative reproduction.
Evaluation of new potato hybrids
Authors: Basiev S S , Kozaeva D P , Tsarikaev Z A , Tomaev TO
Published: February 2022

The hybrids of potatoes of local selection, cultivated in the mountainous zone of North Ossetia-Alania, which have high productivity and quality, suitable for the food industry, have been identified. The studies were carried out in the mountainous zone as the most favorable for breeding and seed production due to the absence of carriers of potato viruses. The morphological, biological, culinary quality indicators, as well as the resistance of the hybrids to diseases, were assessed on a 9-point scale. It was revealed that all the studied breeding hybrids according to the total score meet the requirements for suitability as table potatoes. The average score for hybrids ranged from 6.0 to 8.5. The highest score - 8.5 - got the hybrid 10.11 / 765 as a high-yielding and marketable, disease-resistant, starchy and non-darkening pulp both in raw and boiled form. Hybrids 10.11 / 527, 12.40 / 62, 10.02 / 1951, 10.11 / 1985, 10.11 / 770, 10.11 / 535 (7.1 - 7.8 points) showed good and excellent results.
Assessment of innovative development of the agro-industrial complext
Authors: Kondratieva O , Fedorov A , Slinko O
Published: February 2022

The economic development of the agribusiness in current conditions largely depends on the implementation and practical use of scientific and technological achievements, such as new varieties of agricultural crops, high-performance machines and equipment for performing processes in crop production, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural products, robots, and information and digital technologies. Regions play a special role in this taking into account the specifics of the territories. Ensuring continuous innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy is envisaged in the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025. One of the real means of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production is the information and consulting support of the industry, which makes it possible to bring scientific and technological achievements to all participants in integrated scientific and technical projects for the development of seed breeding and production of major agricultural crops, as well as agricultural machinery. The innovative potential of the regions is entirely related to human resources and their knowledge. Regions are actively introducing elements of precision farming and smart animal husbandry into agricultural production. This is facilitated by the state agricultural policy focused on the development of innovative processes in the industry.
Microbiological fertilizers in cultivation technology of bulb onions in the conditions of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Kanevskaya I Y , Kasynkina O M , Gryazeva V I , Kalinichenko E B
Published: February 2022

B The article discusses the use of microbiological preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit on the productivity of onions of the Bessonovsky-mestny variety.