bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CITOMETRIA DE FLUXO COMO FERRAMENTA DIAGNÓSTICA PARA PÚRPURA TROMBOCITOPÊNICA TROMBÓTICA: UMA MINI-REVISÃO
Authors: Kaizer Laís Dames , Oliveira Leticia Sobrinho de , Furlan Sabrina , Carlin Marcelo Paschoalete , Castro Lívia Furquim de
Published: April 2022

A púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica (PTT) é um distúrbio hematológico de baixa prevalência mundial a qual pode ser classificada, de acordo com a sua etiopatogênese, em congênita em caso de mutação genética, ou adquirida relacionada a um distúrbio autoimune com descontrole na produção de autoanticorpos. É caracterizado por trombocitopenia intensa decorrente da deficiência do organismo em sintetizar a enzima ADAMTS13, resultando em um acúmulo de glicoproteínas multiméricas do fator de von Willebrand (fvW). O fvW auxilia na manutenção da homeostase, desempenhando um papel fundamental no transporte molecular de proteínas solúveis e indução da agregação plaquetária. O aumento das glicoproteínas fvW resulta na agregação plaquetária intravascular e, consequentemente, em crises vaso oclusivas. Diante do grave curso da PTT e, por muitas vezes estar associada a outros distúrbios hematológicos, o diagnóstico precoce é essencial a fim de melhor definir o prognóstico e a terapêutica adequada. Entre os métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial, a técnica de citometria de fluxo tem mostrado melhor eficácia, devido a sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a presença de ensaios clínicos os quais utilizam a citometria de fluxo como método preferencial para o diagnóstico da PTT a fim de realizar uma reflexão do impacto sobre o desfecho clínico da doença.
AVALIAÇÃO DE CICATRIZES DE CIRURGIAS ESTÉTICAS DE MAMA E ABDOME APÓS APLICAÇÃO DE PLASMA RICO EM PLAQUETAS AUTÓLOGO
Authors: Gentilini Junior Jovino
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP) define-se como fração do plasma de sangue autólogo com uma concentração de plaquetas acima de 1000.000/µl. As plaquetas com os Fatores de Crescimento (FC) são importantes na cicatrização. Métodos: Selecionamos 48 pacientes, submetidos a abdominoplastia e mamoplastia, (idade entre 22 e 68 anos) em trabalho experimental, randomizado, prospectivo. O PRP foi aplicado na cicatriz comparando-o com o segmento cicatricial oposto sem PRP Atribuiu-se um escore para a melhor cicatriz (de zero a três), correspondendo a: indiferente, levemente, moderadamente e acentuadamente melhor. Dois cirurgiões plásticos avaliaram as cicatrizes (Avaliador 1 e Avaliador 2), por fotografias feitas com quatro dias, um mês, três meses e 12 meses após a cirurgia. Resultados: Houve concordância quanto à melhor cicatriz, com aplicação de PRP, em 70%, aos quatro dias de pós-operatório repetida aos três meses. As avaliações foram estatisticamente próximas da concordância além do acaso, com índice Kappa moderado (significativo, acima de 0,40). Não houve concordância no pós-operatório de um mês. No entanto, voltaram a apresentar concordância aos 12 meses, com índice kappa precário (abaixo de 0,20), não indo além do acaso. Quanto aos escores, manteve a tendência dos quatro dias iniciais, com avaliações moderadamente e acentuadamente melhores com PRP, porém sem significância estatística, com p igual a 0,82 para avaliador 1 e p igual a 0,070 para avaliador 2. Com um mês de pós-operatório sem significância. Aos três meses, as cicatrizes tratadas com PRP foram consideradas melhores. Aos 12 meses, o avaliador 1, classificou em torno de 40% das cicatrizes com PRP como acentuadamente melhores e 17,7% das cicatrizes sem PRP como acentuadamente melhores. Conclusão: O uso intradérmico do PRP, apresentou-se promissor, contribuindo beneficamente na evolução do processo cicatricial, com melhores resultados aos 4 dias e 90 dias de pós-operatório.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained release tablets of propranolol hydrochloride
Authors: Purohit Debashis , Gupta M. K. , Meher Chaitanya Prasad , Shukla Ankit , Kumar Ashish
Published: April 2022

The main objective of sustained release drug delivery system is to provide a steady state blood plasma level concentration which is non-toxic and therapeutically active for a longer period of time. Owing its increased patient compliance and prolonged release of action in delivering drugs several benefits can be contemplated in delivering of sustained release dosage form[1]. Among various route of drug delivery Sustained release drug delivery is most widely preferred as it’s less frequency of dosing and controls the release of drugs. Natural polymers are biodegradable and nontoxic in nature with reduced side effects. It is also eco-friendly and safe to be administered as compared to synthetic polymers. The current work was based on preparation of sustained release tablets of Propranolol Hydrochloride using natural polymers like Gum Acacia, Hibiscus Rosasinesis and Microcrystalline cellulose. Presently much attention is being paid for formulation of sustained release tablets that contains matrix system. Direct compression method was used for formulation of sustained release tablets of Propranolol Hydrochloride. The prepared tablets were evaluated for different pre-formulation studies and in vitro dissolution studies were performed using USP-III dissolution apparatus. Dissolution studies of different formulations were evaluated for 24 hours at 370C.
Effect of changes in some beneficial elements and dangerous heavy metals in cow and sheep manure on human and animal health and the environment
Authors: Palani Zirak M R , Al-Obaidy Marwan H. A. , Palani Dilsher M R , Ahmed Karzan A.
Published: April 2022

Cow and sheep manure contains beneficial nutrients nitrogen (N) carbohydrates (CHO) and Organic matter (OM), and is therefore used as an organic fertilizer. However, the excessive use of manure can cause environmental problems and negatively affect human and animal health because these materials also contain large amounts of heavy metals, especially selenium (Se), nickel(Ni), cobalt(Co), tin(Sn), lead(Pb), and cadmium(Cd) To assess the potential risks due to increased concentrations of heavy metals in sheep and cow manure.The compost was collected from three different regions in Kirkuk, Diyala and Sulaymaniyah governorates in Iraq and Kurdistan Region where the results showed The content of cow and sheep manure of organic matter (OM), carbohydrates (CHO) and nitrogen (N) levels were normal, which are beneficial nutrients for soil and plants and used as organic fertilizer. The level of selenium, nickel and cobalt was higher in cow manure compared to sheep manure in all governorates. The level of lead and cadmiumwas higher in sheep manure in Diyala governorates compared to cow manure.
Web page recommendation system using bat optimization and weighted support vector machine algorithm for health care service
Authors: Anusuya S. , Mallika N. M.
Published: April 2022

Web-page recommendation commands a predominant part in smartweb systems.  Discovery of meaningfulinformation from web utilization data and improvedrepresentation of knowledge for resourcefulweb-page recommendations are important and a huge challenge. The availabletechniques faces problems with information over load when the users tryretrieving the exact information that end users require. In addition,it also experiences issues with meaningful semantic information and thereforeit does not yield satisfactory web based services for the end users. To deal with the above statedissues, in this research work, BAOs (Bat Agent Optimizations) and WSVMs (Weighted Support Vector Machines) are combined to form BAO+WSVM algorithm for web page recommendations that are effective and useful. The experiments are carried out on the health records of COPDs (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) collected from websites of government hospitals. Attention has been paid on BAO+WSVM to providetheoptimal webpages for patients. User bat agent forms the interface between the user and the system providing an active environment for the users. At first, web log pre-processing is carried out with the help of data cleaning, user identification, and session identification. Later, Semantic information extractions are carried out applying DOWLs (Domain OntologyWeb language) which helps construct the ontology associated with a website utilizing its structure.
study on the factors promote impulse buying on ready to wear garments at Thanajvur
Authors: Raj S. Mervin Sesu , Selvan K. G.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to determine the factors that promote the impulse buying among the customers on ready to wear garments.. The internal and external factors considered for the study were personal factors, economic factors, promotional factors and situational factors. The respondents were randomly selected from the customers in the textile malls at Thanajvur. A structured questionnaire was framed to collect the opinion of the respondents. The questionnaire consists of personal profile of the customers and questions regarding the factors taken for the study. The collected responses were analyzed with statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, ANOVA, regression and chi square test. The income and promotional factors have strong influence over the impulse buying of the customers. Other factors such as personal factors, situational factors, and store environment have minimum impact over the impulse buying of the customers. Based on the study suggestions were given to the textile showrooms regarding the improvement of promotional factors.
Distributed densely connected convolutional network approach on patient’s metadata of dermoscopic images for early melanoma detection
Authors: Venkateswararao Nallanti , Rao Pallipamu Venkateswara
Published: April 2022

Melanoma is one of the most deadly cancers on the planet, and it has the ability to spread to new places of the body if not discovered early enough. Dermoscopic pictures are routinely used to identify melanoma. Many previous studies, based on standard classification approaches and deep learning models, have been proposed for automated analysis of skin lesions. In traditional classification systems, handcrafted functions are used as input. However, due to the high visual similarity between different classes of skin lesions and complex skin diseases, hand-made features are not discriminating enough and fail in many circumstances. Convolutional networks with fewer connections between the input layers and those close to the output can be significantly deeper, more accurate and more effective for training, according to a recent study. In this study, we accept and offer the application of Hadoop Distributed Tight Convolution Network (HdiDenseNet) for melanoma skin cancer detection and study of failed lesions, which can be connected to the mode of transmission. You can use all feature maps at all input levels as input, and your own maps will be used as inputs in all poster headers.
الدلالات النفسية في رسومات الأطفال المصابين باضطراب ما بعد الصدمة
Authors: رحيل زاهية سالم , المنصوري نصر عياد
Published: April 2022

الغرض الأساس من قيام الدراسة الحالية هو التعرف على الدلالات النفسية في رسومات الأطفال المصابين باضطراب ما بعد الصدمة، وكذلك التعرف عما إذا كانت هذه الدلالات النفسية التي تفرزها رسوم الأطفال تتسق مع أعراض وسمات اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة، وذلك بإتباع منهج التحليل الكيفي بأسلوب دراسة الحالة. جمعت البيانات باستخدام اختبار رسم الشخص لــ"ماكوفر" كونه وسيلة تعبير إسقاطية من عينة قوامها 5 أطفال من مدينة درنة الليبية، ممن يعانون من اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة. أسفرت نتائج التحليل الكيفي والتفسيرات الإسقاطية لرسومات الأطفال عن عدة دلالات نفسية ترتبط باضطراب ما بعد الصدمة لدى الأطفال من عينة البحث تمثلت في الانعزال والانطواء، والقلق، والعدوان، والإنكار، وعدم الشعور بالأمن، والشعور بالنقص والدونية. كما أسفرت نتائج البحث عن اتساق أغلب الدلالات النفسية التي فُسرت من الرسومات مع أعراض وسمات اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة مثل الانعزال، والعدوان، والقلق، والإنكار، بينما لم تتسق الدلالات النفسية المتمثلة في الشعور بعدم الأمن والشعور بالنقص والدونية مع الأعراض المتعارف عليها. خلص الباحثان لبعض التوصيات والمقترحات في ضوء هذه النتائج.
Semi-destructive method to estimate the seed moisture content in rare and endangered plant species
Authors: Vasudeva R. , Anjan Kumar B. , Gunaga Rajesh
Published: April 2022

In the present study, a semi-destructive method is standardized to estimate the seed moisture content in Saraca asoca, one of the rare plant species of the Western Ghats. In the study, sample of seeds with about ¼th portion of cotyledon on the chalazal side cut and reaming seed portion (¾th) were independently used for moisture content. There was a strong and positive association between seed moisture content of a portion of cotyledon and that of the whole seed (R2=92; Y=0.9979x-0.3673, where x is the moisture content of the small portion of the seed). In another experiment, entire seeds and seeds with a cut portion (¾th) were subjected to germination test. Result showed that there was no significant difference among these two treatments for germination. Hence, this semi-destructive method of estimation of seed moisture content could be effectively adopted for species with large sized seeds for periodic assessment of seed moisture content, especially in storage experiments.
Revisiting the Classic Open Fracture Studies to Correct Misperceptions and Errors
Authors: Lundy Douglas W.
Published: April 2022

The Gustilo and Anderson open fracture system is a commonly used classification in orthopaedic surgery. Unfortunately, misunderstandings of the original manuscripts are common, and familiar treatment and classification dogma are scribed to the landmark studies. This study describes the actual assertions of the work, and several misperceptions are set straight.
The Accident Environment Resulting in Fragility Fractures: A 20-year National Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Makar Gabriel S. , Davis William , Suk Michael , Bowen Thomas R.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Fragility fractures are an enduring source of morbidity in the elderly with unfortunate frequency and rising costs. Although the predominant cause of fractures is generally understood to be falls, the exact stratification of the causes of fractures presenting to the emergency department has not yet been described in the literature. We sought out to stratify the primary products associated with fractures in the elderly, further describing the anatomic location of the fracture and setting of injury.

Methods:

We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database for all fractures in patients older than 65 years from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. We analyzed demographic data, patient disposition, anatomic fracture location, and injury setting for the top 20 causes of fractures. Trends, proportions and distributions were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 901,418 visits to the Emergency Department were reviewed. Of these, 216,657 (24%) were found to have fractures. The top 20 causes for fractures accounted for a total of 173,557 (19%) fractures. The average age in our population was 80.1 years (SD 8.7). Women constituted most of the patients (127,753 [74%]). Flooring (58,347 [33.6%]) was the most common product associated with the cause of fractures, with stairs/steps (29,804 [17.2%]) and bed/bed frames (19,004 [10.9%]) being the second and third most common, respectively. Lower extremity fractures (97,195 [56%]) were more common than upper extremity fractures (63,899 [37%]). The lower trunk (pelvis, femoral neck, and lower spine) was the most common anatomic location of fractures reported (64,132 [37.0%]). Most fractures occurred either at home (113,158 [65.2%]) or at a public setting (31,162 [18.0%]).

Conclusions:

Most products associated with fractures among mature adults were related to flooring, stairs, or bedding. This study offers a detailed understanding on the common products associated with fractures in mature adults and aids in discussing preventive measures for lowering fracture risk with patients, communities, and healthcare systems.
Instagram Use Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Bixby Elise C. , Danford Nicholas C. , Desai Sohil S. , Paskey Taylor L. , Levine William N.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges to residency recruitment. With in-person away rotations prohibited and interviews held virtually, orthopaedic residency programs turned to social media. Studies document the exponential growth of residency program Instagram accounts after March 2020, but few analyze the content of their posts. This study provides an updated assessment of such Instagram accounts including a detailed analysis of their content and a discussion of potentially concerning posts.

Methods:

Orthopaedic surgery residency programs participating in the National Resident Matching Program and any Instagram accounts associated with these programs were identified. Instagram accounts were analyzed, and the 25 most recent posts and all highlighted stories for each account were coded for content based on a predetermined list of categories. Specific attention was given to content that may raise legal, ethical, or professionalism concerns. The primary outcome was the most common content code among posts. The secondary outcomes were the number of posts identified as potentially concerning and the types of concerns represented.

Results:

Overall, 138 of 193 residency programs (72%) had an Instagram account at the time of cross-sectional analysis, 65% of which were created between April and December 2020. All accounts were public. Profiles had on average 1,156 ± 750 followers and 59 ± 75 posts. Of the 3,348 posts analyzed, the most common coded themes were resident introductions (33%), camaraderie (27%), and social life and hobbies (26%). There were 81 concerning posts from 52 separate accounts. Seventy-five of the concerning posts (93%) depicted residents scrubbed alone.

Conclusion:

Orthopaedic residency Instagram accounts are potential tools for residency recruitment and can depict a program's culture through posts over time. However, public accounts are open to scrutiny by other viewers, including patients and their families. Care must be taken to consider multiple perspectives of post content, so as to bolster, not damage, the residency program's reputation.
Compounds 7-Hydroxy-6-Metoxic Cytotoxic Cytotoxic Stem Leather From Chisochetonmacrophyllus (Meliaceae) Bark
Authors: Rodrigo Mellisa
Published: April 2022

A phenyl propanoid compound, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin has been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton macrophyllus (Meliaceae). The chemical structure of isolated compound was identified on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and mass along with comparison with those spectral data previously reported. 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin compound showed cytotoxic effect against P-388 murine leukemia cell with IC50 value of 16.5 mg/mL. 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin compound was reported for the first time from genus of Chisocheton.
Research of Wood-Polymer Compositions of DMTA Methods
Authors: Pjanic Nicolas
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of polymer-wood composites, as well as the excretion of tritium woods and leaves. The base of the composite was made of thermoplastic polypropylene. Three composites prepared by the volume of filling content (25, 50 and 70%) and the various fractions of the used slags were prepared for research. The test is prepared with the use of spray technology. One of the methods of thermal DMTA analysis is used for research. Accompanied studies of dynamic mechanical properties have been chosen to determine the effect of filling and the size of the traces on the properties of the cured composites. The obtained results were invited to determine the design of these materials, as well as the determination of the amount and the alternative level for materials applied to large-scale elements made of polymeric materials.
Spontaneous Activity In Abductor Digiti Minimi )Adm( As An Early Indicator Of The Irritation Of The Ulnar Nerve At The Elbow Joint
Authors: Yahya Almhanna Mohanad , Saeed Mahdi Jawad , Sabah Harba Alkhansaa
Published: April 2022

The cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a neurological disorder that affects the ulnar nerve as it passes through the elbow joint. It may induce several physical disabilities in the affected person. The early manifestation of CuTS maybe not be well recognized clearly. The abductor digiti minimi (sometimes abductor digiti quinti, ADM) muscle is located on the ulnar side of the palm in human anatomy.
The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using the early appearance of spontaneous activity in ADM as a predictor of ulnar nerve irritation at the elbow joint.
Patients and method: 67 patients were included in the study, and all of them complained of neurological manifestations. A short segment study for the ulnar nerve at the elbow joint and the Guyon`s canal was done. In addition, needle EMG was done for the ulnar innervated muscles below the level of the elbow joint, including first dorsal interossii (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles.
Results: 18 of them show normal NCS of the ulnar nerve. 10 show spontaneous activity by needle EMG in the ADM only, and 9 show normal needle EMG.
Conclusion: the presence of spontaneous activity in the ADM muscle may be the early signs of electrodiagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.
How time perspective, personality, and morningness contributed to psychological well-being during the Coronavirus lockdown
Authors: Castellà Judit , Muro Anna
Published: April 2022

The exceptionality of the Coronavirus-related quarantines motivated the design of a longitudinal study aimed at exploring how the confinement can affect psychological well-being. 205 participants (81% female) took part in the study. Personality, time perspective, and morningness were assessed at the beginning of the quarantine, along with levels of depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with life as mood and well-being indicators. A post measure was taken 2 weeks after the first data collection. Two weeks later, a supplementary follow-up measure was performed again. A significant increase in depression and anxiety was found between pre and post measures that remained stable at follow up, whereas life satisfaction was not affected. Past-negative temporal orientation and neuroticism were the highest risk factors for a decline in psychological well-being. Results are discussed in terms of how individual differences should be considered in assessing citizens’ response to public health policies regarding isolation measures.
Kompetensi Profesional Guru dalam Teologi Paulus
Authors: Anthony Joyner Christina Webyanestefien , Saragih Teguh Parluhutan , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The role of a teacher is essential to the success of learners. The success of an education is determined by a teacher's professional and also his commitment to a profession that was pursued as a teacher. In an effort to improve the success of education, the teacher has a strategic position that is greatly influenced by the teacher's professional competence in teaching and the teacher's level of well-being. A teacher is shown to be a professional when following common requirements of teacher law, to do his work according to rules, ethics, qualities that meet standards and norms that also require professional education. The negative effects of a teacher's unprofessional indifference can be felt by learners as well as parents or communities. The important role of a teacher's professional form is needed to complete the teacher's principal task as a broadening educator, also appearing in the opening of the 1945 bill. One bible character who provided an example and example as a professional educator both teaching and educating was Paul. He notes one form of his theology found at colossians 3:16-17, a scripture that provides a basis for a teacher to work ona professional assignment. The very foundation upon which Jesus himself lay the rife within or.Abstrak: Peran dari seorang guru sangat penting bagi keberhasilan peserta didik. Keberhasilan dari suatu pendidikan ditentukan oleh sebuah keprofesionalitasan guru dan juga komitmennya atas profesi yang dijalani sebagai seorang guru. Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu keberhasilan pendidikan, guru memiliki posisi strategis yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi profesional guru dalam mengajar serta tingkat kesejahteraan guru. Seorang guru dinyatakan sebagai seorang yang professional apabila mengikuti ketentuan umum dalam undang-undang guru, untuk melakukan pekerjaannya sesuai dengan kaidah, etika, kecakapan yang dapat memenuhi standar mutu serta norma yang juga memerlukan pendidikan profesi. dampak negative dari guru yang tidak professional guru dapat dirasakan oleh peserta didik dan juga orang tua atau pun masyarakat. Adanya peran penting dari suatu bentuk profesionalitas guru sangat diperlukan untuk melengkapi tugas utama guru sebagai pendidik yang mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, yang juga tercantum dalam pembukaan UUD 1945. Salah satu tokoh Alkitab yang memberikan suatu  teladan dan contoh sebagai pendidik yang mengajar maupun mendidik secara profesionalitas ialah Paulus. Ia menyatakan salah satu bentuk dari teologinya yang terdapat dalam Kolose 3:16-17, ayat yang menjadi dasar untuk seorang guru dapat mengerjakan tugasnya dengan sebuah keprofesionalitas. Dasar utama yang menjadi landasan dan pedoman adalah Yesus sendiri dengan segala kekayaan yang tinggal di dalam diri orang percaya. Maka penelitian ini memberikan ulasan serta penjelasan mengenai peran penting dari kompetensi profesionalitas guru dalam pandangan teologi Paulus.
Civilian First Responder mHealth Apps, Interface Rhetoric, and Amplified Precarity
Authors: Welhausen Candice , Bivens Kristin
Published: April 2022

Our article uses case studies of two civilian emergency response mHealth apps—PulsePoint and OD Help—to theorize the ways the mobile mapping functionality embedded in these tools, which is integrated with the Google Maps platform, enables yet also constrains users’ agential practices. Using an interface rhetoric approach, we unpack assumptions related to the embodied contexts of use facilitated by this functionality within the unique scenario of civilian emergency response. We argue that interactions between and among humans and these apps’ mapping interfaces involve complex, negotiated, contextually situated enactments, which align with a posthumanist perspective toward agency. At the same time, these interactions may also inadvertently amplify the precarity of vulnerable groups. Better understanding the ways that mobile mapping technologies shape agential enactments, particularly in ways that affect precarious and dispossessed populations, has important implications for the design of mHealth technologies—and the users who rely on them—moving forward.
Review of Translanguaging Outside the Academy: Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean by Rachel Bloom-Pojar
Authors: Bareiss Warren
Published: April 2022

Review of Translanguaging Outside the Academy; Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean, Rachel Bloom-Pojar, Urbana, Illinois: Conference on College Composition and Communication/National Council of Teachers of English, 2018. 161 pages, $29.99.
Companion Diagnostics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward From the Programmed Death Ligand-1 Rollout
Authors: Willis Joseph E. , Eyerer Frederick , Walk Eric E. , Vasalos Patricia , Bradshaw Georganne , Yohe Sophia Louise , Laser Jordan S.
Published: April 2022

Context.—

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry companion diagnostic assays play a crucial role as predictive markers in patients being considered for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, because of a convergence of several factors, including recognition of increased types of cancers susceptible to immunotherapy, increasing numbers of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and release of multiple PD-L1 immunohistochemistry antibodies with differing reporting systems, this complex testing environment has led to significant levels of confusion for pathologists and medical oncologists.

Objective.—

To identify which processes and procedures have contributed to the current challenges surrounding programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 companion diagnostics and to propose potential remedies to this issue. This is based upon input from key industrial stakeholders in conjunction with the College of American Pathologists Personalized Health Care Committee.

Design.—

A meeting of representatives of pharmaceutical and in vitro diagnostic companies along with the Personalized Health Care Committee reviewed the process of release of the PD-L1 companion diagnostic assays using a modified root cause analysis format. The modified root cause analysis envisioned an ideal circumstance of development and implementation of a companion diagnostic to identify shortcomings in the rollout of the PD-L1 assay and to suggest actions to improve future companion diagnostic assay releases.

Results.—

The group recommended improvements to key principles in companion diagnostics implementation related to multi-stakeholder communication, increased regulatory flexibility to incorporate postapproval medical knowledge, improved cross-disciplinary information exchange between medical oncology and pathology societies, and enhanced postmarket training programs.

Conclusions.—

The rapidly changing nature of and increasing complexity associated with companion diagnostics require a fundamental review of processes related to their design, implementation, and oversight.
The research of reinforced cement liner for reconstruction of water supply and sewer pipes
Authors: Makisha Elena
Published: April 2022

The research is focused on the investigation of the features of mortar liner reinforced with composite mesh, which may be one of the possible options in case of one possible method of trenchless reconstruction of water and sewer pipes. The research had two goals: to study the strength under static loading of a mortar liner reinforced with a composite mesh frame and to define the maximum depth of underground location of a coating element, which is of significant importance if a host pipe cannot bear external loads any longer. Within the research, two specimens of coating with the length of 1000 mm and diameter of 800 mm were tested. The compression results showed that for both specimens the loss of bearing capacity occurred to the fluidity of composite reinforcement under the load of approximately 30 kN. After the strength test, a calculation was made to evaluate the maximum depth of liner location in case if a host pipe fully exhausts its bearing capacity. The results of the calculation showed that the maximum height of the soil layer above the crown of a pipe is 2.8 to 3.2 m depending on the type and features of the soil.
Association of shorter and longer distance sprint running to change of direction speed in police students
Authors: Streetman Aspen , Paspalj Darko , Zlojutro Nemanja , Božić Danijel , Dawes Jay , Kukić Filip
Published: April 2022

Background. Law enforcement officers may experience unique physical demands while on duty, including pursuing a suspect on foot, clearing obstacles, rapidly moving between covers, and engaging in physical confrontations with violent offenders. Several different change of direction speed (CODS) assessments are routinely used to simulate these demands. However, the relationship between these assessments has not been fully explored. Thus, this study investigated the association of shorter and longer distance sprint running with CODS performance. Methods. 15 police students ran the 20-m sprint test, 300-yard shuttle run, and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate associations. The effect size analysis provided the magnitude of associations. Results. Correlation analysis determined moderate association between 0-10 m, 10-20 m, and 0-20 m sprint performance with the IAT. The regression analysis determined strong linear association of IAT with sprint 0-10 m (R 2 = 0.488, F = 12.385, p = 0.004), sprint 10-20 m (R 2 = 0.496, F = 12.775, p = 0.003), sprint 0-20 m (R 2 = 0.573, F = 17.468, p = 0.001), and no linear association with the 300-yard shuttle run. Conclusions. The current study found a significant positive association between short sprints and IAT performance, suggesting that linear sprinting speed determines a significant proportion of CODS performance. Therefore, police students and officers should include sprint training in their physical fitness routine.
Pain prevalences and analgesic use in junior athletes – a recent narrative review
Authors: Berrsche G , Schmitt H
Published: April 2022

Problem: Children and adolescents are exposed to high peak loads at an early age in junior competitive sports. Little is known in this age group about the injury-free occurrence of pain and the sport-related consumption of painkillers. Methodology: Narrative review with multivariate and paired keyword search for studies that evaluated localization-dependent, injury-free prevalence of pain, analgesic use, and determinants of use in junior competitive sports. Results: Derived from the few existing studies, a pronounced willingness to participate in competitions and training despite pain (“playing hurt”) is found in junior competitive sports among injury-free junior athletes. Analogous to adult competitive sports, analgesics, especially from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are used at an early stage. Especially in adolescents with increasing performance progress, in particular female athletes, the use of analgesics for joint pain has been documented. The consumption takes place for the compensation of post-exposure pain conditions but also prophylactically. The use of analgesics and the decision to take them are influenced by the immediate care environment in 2/3 of cases. A physician is involved in only 1 of 3 analgesic use decisions. Discussion: For exertional pain, a displacement mentality exists among many stakeholders in the junior setting. There is early, with age increasingly uncritical and excessive analgesic use. This consumption behavior harbors a high potential for abuse due to self-defined indications, procurement, dosage and duration of use. There is an individual need for a stronger appreciation of pain conditions by the caregivers in junior competitive sports with early consultation with a doctor, combined with the question of how much pain is allowed.
Funeral rite in the structure of the works of M.Y. Lermontov
Authors: Yukhnova Irina Sergeevna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study was the specifics of the image of the funeral rite in the works of Lermontov. The object of research is the novels "Vadim", "Hero of our time", poems "Demon", "Sashka", drama "Masquerade". The author of the article examines in detail the plot-compositional role of the funeral rite, the ways of its inclusion in the work, reveals the problem of the perception of death by the heroes, clarifies the nature of Lermontov's interaction with the folklore tradition. The article uses biographical, comparative-typological methods, the method of theoretical poetics, as well as methods of motivic and mythopoetic analysis of a literary work. The author of the article revealed the reasons for the inclusion of the funeral rite in the works, showed the attitude of Lermontov's heroes to death. The main conclusions of the study are the following: the funeral rite is the most frequent in Lermontov, which is explained biographically by the early loss of his mother. Scenes of funerals and burials are found in works of different genres, this determines the ways of their representation. In prose, the funeral rite is most often given in the form of a memory, while Lermontov is psychologically reliable, takes into account the peculiarities of memory, he places special emphasis on the perception of death by a child. Lermontov's funeral rite is associated with a female character, the funeral rite is often preceded by a wedding ceremony. The death of the heroine is interpreted as a return to her native land ("Bela") or the acquisition of eternal life.
The Individual in the Animal Kingdom
Authors: Huxley Julian S.
Published: April 2022

The groundbreaking first book by a major evolutionary biologist, published in 1912, that anticipated current thinking about organismal complexity.

Julian Huxley's The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, published in 1912, is a concise and groundbreaking work that is almost entirely unknown today. In it, Huxley analyzes the evolutionary advances in life's organizational complexity, anticipating many of today's ideas about changes in individuality. Huxley's overarching system of concepts and his coherent logical principles were so far ahead of their time that they remain valid to this day. In part, this is because his explicitly Darwinian approach carefully distinguished between the integrated form and function of hierarchies within organisms and loosely defined, nonorganismal ecological communities.

In The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, we meet a youthful Huxley who uses his commanding knowledge of natural history to develop a nonreductionist account of life's complexity that aligns with seminal early insights by Darwin, Wallace, Weismann, and Wheeler. As volume editors Richard Gawne and Jacobus Boomsma point out, this work disappeared into oblivion despite its relevance for contemporary research on organismal complexity and major evolutionary transitions. This MIT Press edition gives Huxley's book a second hearing, offering readers a unique vantage point on the discoveries of evolutionary biology past and present.
The Parent Trap
Authors: Hilger Nate G.
Published: April 2022

On how parents have been set up to fail, and why helping them succeed is the key to achieving a fair and prosperous society. A Next Big Idea Club nominee.

Few people realize that raising children is the single largest industry in the United States. Yet this vital work receives little political support, and its primary workers—parents—labor in isolation. If they ask for help, they are made to feel inadequate; there is no centralized organization to represent their interests; and there is virtually nothing spent on research and development to help them achieve their goals. It's almost as if parents are set up to fail—and the result is lost opportunities that limit children's success and make us all worse off. In The Parent Trap, Nate Hilger combines cutting-edge social science research, revealing historical case studies, and on-the-ground investigation to recast parenting as the hidden crucible of inequality.

Parents are expected not only to care for their children but to help them develop the skills they will need to thrive in today's socioeconomic reality—but most parents, including even the most caring parents on the planet, are not trained in skill development and lack the resources to get help. How do we fix this?The solution, Hilger argues, is to ask less of parents, not more. America should consider child development a public investment with a monumental payoff. We need a program like Medicare—call it Familycare—to drive this investment. To make it happen, parents must organize to wield their political power on behalf of children—who will always be the largest bloc of disenfranchised people in this country.

The Parent Trap exposes the true costs of our society's unrealistic expectations around parenting and lays out a profoundly hopeful blueprint for reform.
Resilient and Sustainable Energy Infrastructure
Authors: Atkinson Cameron Frederick
Published: April 2022

Background: Critical infrastructure resilience and sustainability are key components of both the 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, as well as the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (Panda & Ramos, 2020). The recent passing of the 2021 Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill in Australia, coupled with the lack of a governing document at the state level in Tasmania, necessitates a review to uncover the governance settings, which will aide in increasing the resilience and sustainability of energy infrastructures in Tasmania.

Methods/Design: Following the 2015 PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), the review will focus on scholarly sources that address the governance of energy infrastructures. An initial deductive data extraction template has been created to help structure data extraction from included studies. In addition to governance settings, secondary evidence will be sought regarding interruptions to energy infrastructures; policy problems and solutions; and resilience and sustainability definitions. Should other themes emerge, the data extraction template will be updated.

Discussion: Findings from this review will contribute to a more complete understanding of how the resilience and sustainability of energy infrastructures may be increased via deeper knowledge of their governance settings. Tasmanian policy-makers, practitioners, industry specialists, and researchers may use this research to inform and enhance their decision-making on this important topic.
Feature selection of EEG signals in neuromarketing
Authors: Al-Nafjan Abeer
Published: April 2022

Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology uses electrophysiological (EEG) signals to detect user intent. Research on BCI has seen rapid advancement, with researchers proposing and implementing several signal processing and machine learning approaches for use in different contexts. BCI technology is also used in neuromarketing to study the brain’s responses to marketing stimuli. This study sought to detect two preference states (like and dislike) in EEG neuromarketing data using the proposed EEG-based consumer preference recognition system. This study investigated the role of feature selection in BCI to improve the accuracy of preference detection for neuromarketing. Several feature selection methods were used for benchmark testing in multiple BCI studies. Four feature selection approaches, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), recursive feature elimination (RFE), and ReliefF, were used with five different classifiers: deep neural network (DNN), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random forest (RF). The four approaches were compared to evaluate the importance of feature selection. Moreover, the performance of classification algorithms was evaluated before and after feature selection. It was found that feature selection for EEG signals improves the performance of all classifiers.
Analysis of professional soccer players in competitive match play based on submaximum intensity periods
Authors: Caro Eduardo , Campos-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Lapuente-Sagarra Manuel , Caparrós Toni
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study is to analyse sub-maximum intensity periods (SubMIP’s) manifested by professional soccer players during official matches (number of events and time spent in each event), according to the player position, match halve and match, and also to group the players according to their SubMip values during the competition.

Methods

We collected a total of 247 individual records of 14 players using Global Positioning System (GPS) during 15 official league matches (Azerbaijan Premier League 2019–2020). We calculated both the number of SubMIPs events and the time each player spent in the SubMIPs zone (threshold of 85% MIP). We analysed the possible independence of the variables with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the possible specific relationships between the groups using a post-hoc analysis with Dunn’s test. In order to explore the possible distribution of physical demands in homogeneous groups, a cluster analysis was performed.

Results

The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the individual variables in the number of events and in the time spent by the player above the threshold in distance covered at speed >19.8 km/h (HSR), distance covered at speed >25.2 km/h (Sprint), acceleration density (AccDens), mean metabolic power (MetPow), metres per minute (Mmin) and high metabolic load distance >25.5 W/kg (HMLD). Differences were also found according to the playing position in MetPow, Mmin and between halves in AccDens, MetPow, Mmin. In the clustering based on the time spent by the player in SubMIPs, three main groups were described: (1) the centroid was located in lower values in each of the variables; (2) there were an accentuation of the AccDens variable; (3) all the variables, except AccDens, were accentuated.

Conclusions

The main differences with regard to SubMIPs were related to the player’s individual physical performance and not to position. However, the player’s position could act as an attractor and show significant differences during matches.
Efectos de las características de las ciudades occidentales contemporáneas sobre la avifauna urbana
Authors: Bernat-Ponce Edgar , Gil-Delgado José A. , López-Iborra Germán M.
Published: April 2022

Desde los primeros asentamientos humanos permanentes del Holoceno, hace 10 000 años, hasta las ciudades contemporáneas, las aves han cohabitado con los seres humanos. En las últimas décadas la urbanización ha crecido exponencialmente en el planeta y, en 2030, más del 60% de la población mundial vivirá en zonas urbanas. En función de su tolerancia a la urbanización las aves se clasifican en tres categorías: evitadoras, adaptadoras o explotadoras urbanas. Las ciudades occidentales contemporáneas atraen a las aves por la presencia de recursos tróficos abundantes y predecibles, la reducción en la diversidad de depredadores o la provisión de estructuras donde ubicar los nidos, entre otras. Sin embargo, la urbanización es uno de los mayores problemas actuales para la biodiversidad y el modelo de ciudad contemporánea puede dejar de ser atractivo para las aves e incluso causar el declive a ciertas especies ligadas a medios urbanos. Algunas razones que explican este proceso son: la gestión urbana y la pérdida de zonas verdes, la contaminación, la comida antropogénica y las nuevas tendencias arquitectónicas. Un cambio en el modelo de ciudad contemporánea que proteja la biodiversidad, aunque es un reto difícil, es posible siguiendo ejemplos como el de la infraestructura verde y sostenibilidad ambiental de la ciudad de Vitoria-Gasteiz (España).
The location of thrush nests on buildings affects the chance of cowbird parasitism
Authors: Florisvaldo Batisteli Augusto , Aurélio Pizo Marco Aurelio
Published: April 2022

Nest site placement is a critical choice among passerines, being an important factor that affects their breeding success. In urban areas, human buildings offer suitable nesting sites usually less exposed to predators and brood parasitic birds and readily available to be reused for several breeding seasons. However, the extent to which the features of nest placement sites in buildings contribute to reduce nest detectability by predators and brood parasites is still unknown. Here, we tested whether the features of the nesting site (i.e., lateral concealment, distance to the building ceiling, and height above ground) affect the chance of brood parasitism by Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) in Pale-breasted Thrushes (Turdus leucomelas) nests placed on buildings in a Brazilian suburban area from 2013 to 2019. Cowbird parasitism increased throughout the study years, and nests closer to ceilings, supposedly better concealed, were more likely to be parasitized. Laying date, height above ground, and lateral concealment were not related to the probability of cowbird parasitism. We suggest that less concealed nests enhance vicinity monitoring by parents, allowing a faster agonistic response to the presence of cowbirds near the nest. Our results indicate that nest site location in cities may have consequences for the breeding success of cowbird hosts.