bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Oncology-Pathology Collaboration in Resource-Limited Settings: An American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Initiative
Authors: Sanchez Jose Angel , Portillo Silvia , Zarka Matthew A. , Snedden Devon , Pyle Doug , Goodman Harris , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: May 2021

Accurate pathologic evaluation is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer. ASCO and the College of American Pathologists have successfully collaborated over the last 15 years to improve collaboration between clinical oncologists and pathologists and to standardize pathologic assay techniques. Cancer is an increasingly recognized societal burden in low- and middle-income countries. In 2015, ASCO and the College of American Pathologists implemented an initiative to identify countries that could benefit from peer insights by jointly convening an international workshop among members of both organizations and pathologists and clinical oncologists from Haiti, Honduras, Vietnam, and Uganda. Honduras was chosen as a pilot site, and representatives of ASCO, the College of American Pathologists, and the Honduras pathology and clinical oncology communities have identified areas in which collaboration might be productive. Multiple barriers, including high poverty levels, poor cancer awareness educational programs, lack of human resources, and delayed diagnosis and treatment, have resulted in a higher cancer mortality rate in Honduras compared with high/moderate-income countries and are shared by other low-income countries. ASCO and the College of American Pathologists member faculty supported a symposium led by Honduras colleagues for interested Honduran pathologists and oncologists. The Honduran communities are now working to establish national resource-appropriate guidelines for both pathology and clinical oncology. Taken together, these efforts indicate that barriers to meet the needs of the clinical oncologists in a low-income country such as Honduras are challenging but not insurmountable.
Navigating Myelodysplastic and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Overlap Syndromes
Authors: Hasserjian Robert P. , Buckstein Rena , Patnaik Mrinal M.
Published: May 2021

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal diseases that differ in morphologic diagnostic criteria but share some common disease phenotypes that include cytopenias, propensity to acute myeloid leukemia evolution, and a substantially shortened patient survival. MDS/MPNs share many clinical and molecular features with MDS, including frequent mutations involving epigenetic modifier and/or spliceosome genes. Although the current 2016 World Health Organization classification incorporates some genetic features in its diagnostic criteria for MDS and MDS/MPNs, recent accumulation of data has underscored the importance of the mutation profiles on both disease classification and prognosis. Machine-learning algorithms have identified distinct molecular genetic signatures that help refine prognosis and notable associations of these genetic signatures with morphologic and clinical features. Combined geno-clinical models that incorporate mutation data seem to surpass the current prognostic schemes. Future MDS classification and prognostication schema will be based on the portfolio of genetic aberrations and traditional features, such as blast count and clinical factors. Arriving at these systems will require studies on large patient cohorts that incorporate advanced computational analysis. The current treatment algorithm in MDS is based on patient risk as derived from existing prognostic and disease classes. Luspatercept is newly approved for patients with MDS and ring sideroblasts who are transfusion dependent after erythropoietic-stimulating agent failure. Other agents that address red blood cell transfusion dependence in patients with lower-risk MDS and the failure of hypomethylating agents in higher-risk disease are in advanced testing. Finally, a plethora of novel targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors are being evaluated in combination with a hypomethylating agent backbone to augment the depth and duration of response and, we hope, improve overall survival.
Individualized Molecular Profiling for Allocation to Clinical Trials Singapore Study—An Asian Tertiary Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Seet Amanda O. L. , Tan Aaron C. , Tan Tira J. , Ng Matthew C. H. , Tai David W. M. , Lam Justina Y. C. , Tan Gek San , Gogna Apoorva , Too Chow Wei , Tan Bien Soo , Takano Angela , Lim Alvin , Lim Tse Hui , Lim Soon Thye , Dent Rebecca Alexandra , Ang Mei Kim , Yap Yoon-Sim , Tan Iain B. H. , Choo Su Pin , Toh Chee Keong , Lim Elaine H. , Farid Mohamad , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Lim Wan Teck , Tan Eng Huat , Lim Tony K. H. , Tan Daniel S. W.
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE

Precision oncology has transformed the management of advanced cancers through implementation of advanced molecular profiling technologies to identify increasingly defined subsets of patients and match them to appropriate therapy. We report outcomes of a prospective molecular profiling study in a high-volume Asian tertiary cancer center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with advanced cancer were enrolled onto a prospective protocol for genomic profiling, the Individualized Molecular Profiling for Allocation to Clinical Trials Singapore study, at the National Cancer Center Singapore. Primary objective was to identify molecular biomarkers in patient's tumors for allocation to clinical trials. The study commenced in February 2012 and is ongoing, with the results of all patients who underwent multiplex next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing until December 2018 presented here. The results were discussed at a molecular tumor board where recommendations for allocation to biomarker-directed trials or targeted therapies were made.

RESULTS

One thousand fifteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 58 years (range 20-83 years). Most common tumor types were lung adenocarcinoma (26%), colorectal cancer (15%), and breast cancer (12%). A total of 1,064 NGS assays were performed, on fresh tumor tissue for 369 (35%) and archival tumor tissue for 687 (65%) assays. TP53 (39%) alterations were most common, followed by EGFR (21%), KRAS (14%), and PIK3CA (10%). Of 405 NGS assays with potentially actionable alterations, 111 (27%) were allocated to a clinical trial after molecular tumor board and 20 (4.9%) were enrolled on a molecularly matched clinical trial. Gene fusions were detected in 23 of 311 (7%) patients tested, including rare fusions in new tumor types and known fusions in rare tumors.

CONCLUSION

Individualized Molecular Profiling for Allocation to Clinical Trials Singapore demonstrates the feasibility of a prospective broad molecular profiling program in an Asian tertiary cancer center, with the ability to develop and adapt to a dynamic landscape of precision oncology.
Supervised topic modeling for predicting molecular substructure from mass spectrometry
Authors: Reder Gabriel K. , Young Adamo , Altosaar Jaan , Rajniak Jakub , Elhadad Noémie , Fischbach Michael , Holmes Susan
Published: May 2021

Small-molecule metabolites are principal actors in myriad phenomena across biochemistry and serve as an important source of biomarkers and drug candidates. Given a sample of unknown composition, identifying the metabolites present is difficult given the large number of small molecules both known and yet to be discovered. Even for biofluids such as human blood, building reliable ways of identifying biomarkers is challenging. A workhorse method for characterizing individual molecules in such untargeted metabolomics studies is tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS/MS spectra provide rich information about chemical composition. However, structural characterization from spectra corresponding to unknown molecules remains a bottleneck in metabolomics. Current methods often rely on matching to pre-existing databases in one form or another.  Here we develop a preprocessing scheme and supervised topic modeling approach to identify modular groups of spectrum fragments and neutral losses corresponding to chemical substructures using labeled latent Dirichlet allocation (LLDA) to map spectrum features to known chemical structures. These structures appear in new unknown spectra and can be predicted. We find that LLDA is an interpretable and reliable method for structure prediction from MS/MS spectra. Specifically, the LLDA approach has the following advantages: (a) molecular topics are interpretable; (b) A practitioner can select any set of chemical structure labels relevant to their problem; (c ) LLDA performs well and can exceed the performance of other methods in predicting substructures in novel contexts.
The effect of women’s bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use in Cameroon
Authors: Tchakounté Tchuimi Dimitri , Kamga Benjamin Fomba
Published: May 2021

Background:

The prevalence of contraception among married women, evaluated at 23%, is low in Cameroon. Maternal death rates, estimated at 782 deaths per 100,000 live births, are very worrying. The National Strategic Plan for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (2015-2020) and the Health Sector Strategy (2016-2027) focuses on increasing modern contraceptive prevalence as a means to reduce maternal death. This paper identifies women’s bargaining power as a factor that may stimulate contraceptive use. The objective of this study is to analyze the association between women's bargaining power within couples and modern contraceptive use.

Methods:

The data used come from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2018. Women’s bargaining power within couple is measured by a Woman Bargaining Power Composite Index (WBPCI) built through a multiple correspondence analysis. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between WBPCI and modern contraceptive use.

Results:

The results of the descriptive statistics show that women's bargaining power is higher among women who use contraception than for those who do not. The results of the logistic regression model show that an increase of WBPCI was significantly associated with higher chances of using a modern contraceptive method (OR = 1.352; 95% CI: 1.257, 1.454; p <0.01). The education of women is also a key determinant since educated women were at least two times more likely to use a modern contraceptive method than uneducated women.  

Conclusions:

To reduce high maternal death rates in Cameroon, public health policies should not only focus on the health system itself, but should also focus on social policies to empower women in the household.
Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2
Authors: O'Toole Áine , Hill Verity , Pybus Oliver G. , Watts Alexander , Bogoch Issac I. , Khan Kamran , Messina Jane P. ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium,   Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA),   Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Tegally Houriiyah , Lessells Richard R. , Giandhari Jennifer , Pillay Sureshnee , Tumedi Kefentse Arnold , Nyepetsi Gape , Kebabonye Malebogo , Matsheka Maitshwarelo , Mine Madisa , Tokajian Sima , Hassan Hamad , Salloum Tamara , Merhi Georgi , Koweyes Jad , Geoghegan Jemma L. , de Ligt Joep , Ren Xiaoyun , Storey Matthew , Freed Nikki E. , Pattabiraman Chitra , Prasad Pramada , Desai Anita S. , Vasanthapuram Ravi , Schulz Thomas F. , Steinbrück Lars , Stadler Tanja ,   Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Parisi Antonio , Bianco Angelica , García de Viedma Darío , Buenestado-Serrano Sergio , Borges Vítor , Isidro Joana , Duarte Sílvia , Gomes João Paulo , Zuckerman Neta S. , Mandelboim Michal , Mor Orna , Seemann Torsten , Arnott Alicia , Draper Jenny , Gall Mailie , Rawlinson William , Deveson Ira , Schlebusch Sanmarié , McMahon Jamie , Leong Lex , Lim Chuan Kok , Chironna Maria , Loconsole Daniela , Bal Antonin , Josset Laurence , Holmes Edward , St. George Kirsten , Lasek-Nesselquist Erica , Sikkema Reina S. , Oude Munnink Bas , Koopmans Marion , Brytting Mia , Sudha rani V. , Pavani S. , Smura Teemu , Heim Albert , Kurkela Satu , Umair Massab , Salman Muhammad , Bartolini Barbara , Rueca Martina , Drosten Christian , Wolff Thorsten , Silander Olin , Eggink Dirk , Reusken Chantal , Vennema Harry , Park Aekyung , Carrington Christine , Sahadeo Nikita , Carr Michael , Gonzalez Gabo ,   SEARCH Alliance San Diego,   National Virus Reference Laboratory,   SeqCOVID-Spain,   Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC),   Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN),   Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program,   Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), de Oliveira Tulio , Faria Nuno , Rambaut Andrew , Kraemer Moritz U. G.
Published: May 2021

Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.
La adquisición de la terminología médica a través de la traducción (alemán-español)
Authors: Montes Sánchez Alba
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio pretende presentar un método para adquirir la terminología médica (DE-ES) a través de la traducción. Para ello, analizaremos las características propias del lenguaje biosanitario, así como los niveles de especialización a partir de distintos tipos de textos. Mediante el análisis terminológico y el estudio de los distintos errores posibles en la traducción alemán-español de textos seleccionados propondremos algunas medidas para subsanar dichos errores de traducción y para adquirir la terminología específica de este ámbito.
El lenguaje soez como reflejo de la cultura: conceptualización y taxonomía para la traducción audiovisual al español
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Vannessa , Huertas Abril Cristina A. , Gómez Parra Mª Elena
Published: May 2021

La traducción audiovisual entraña diversas dificultades propias de su campo como, por ejemplo, la adecuación a la duración del discurso o al movimiento labial del actor o actriz que aparece en pantalla. A esto se ha de añadir el papel de la cultura en los productos audiovisuales. Así, si hablamos de la adaptación cultural en traducción audiovisual, una de las mayores dificultades radica en la traducción y adaptación del lenguaje soez de la lengua origen a la lengua meta. Una misma expresión catalogada como ejemplo de lenguaje soez en la lengua original puede traducirse de diferente manera dependiendo del contexto situacional, social y cultural que atraviesa el personaje que la pronuncia en ese momento. Es por todo ello que parece casi imposible proponer un solo equivalente en lengua meta para cada caso en lengua origen. Partiendo de la complejidad de la adaptación del lenguaje soez en la traducción audiovisual, para este estudio se ha tenido en cuenta la propuesta de categorización del lenguaje soez u ofensivo de Wajnryb (2005) en lengua inglesa para el desarrollo de la conceptualización y taxonomía del lenguaje soez para la lengua española.
Aproximación a la Lingüística Computacional y sus herramientas para el trabajo con corpus
Authors: Gónzalez Fernández Adela
Published: May 2021

Desde que la Lingüística Computacional surgiera a mediados del siglo XX por motivos que poco tenían que ver con la investigación lingüística, esta joven disciplina ha pasado por distintas etapas, en las que ha habido tanto épocas de éxito como de duras críticas. Sin embargo, la aparición de la World Wide Web en los años 90 supuso el punto de inflexión definitivo para que esta disciplina contara con los apoyos necesarios. A partir de entonces, se produjo la expansión de la Lingüística Computacional y, con ella, grandes avances en distintas áreas de la Lingüística, entre las que destacan el análisis morfológico y sintáctico, las técnicas de reconocimiento de voz, los sistemas de diálogo o la traducción automática. Naturalmente, la Lingüística de Corpus también se ha beneficiado de estos logros y se ha sumado al progreso científico con herramientas informáticas que no solo trabajan sobre la web como corpus, sino también con técnicas de big data y que suponen un gran avance en este tipo de investigación. En este trabajo pretendemos realizar un recorrido por la historia de la lingüística computacional y ofrecer una aproximación a esta disciplina, así como a sus aplicaciones y a las herramientas disponibles hoy en día para el trabajo con corpus lingüísticos.
Protocol for the design of quality bilingual education materials
Authors: Gómez Parra María Elena , Muszynska Barbara
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to bring bilingual materials design into a research-oriented framework by using an innovative materials design protocol, to make claims about the effectiveness of the protocol itself as well as the quality of the materials based on the evidence collected after the study. This pilot study with a group of lower-secondary bilingual content teachers was conducted in Poland. The findings of our study showed the adequacy of the use of the materials design protocol. However, the prepared lesson materials seem to serve an informative and instructional purpose rather than experiential and exploratory, which would be more desired in the context of independent learning and bilingual education, hence, the need for the adaptation of the protocol with a greater focus on differentiation in bilingual education.
La adquisición del léxico especializado jurídico. Una propuesta didáctica a partir de textos periodísticos (francés-español)
Authors: Luque Janodet Francisco
Published: May 2021

La opacidad y oscurantismo del lenguaje jurídico-administrativo es una de las grandes dificultades a las que debe hacer frente un estudiante del grado en Traducción e Interpretación o de lenguas para fines específicos. En efecto, en el ámbito jurídico no se traducen únicamente palabras de una lengua origen a una lengua meta, sino conceptos que pueden existir parcialmente o no existir en el ordenamiento jurídico al que se traduce. De esta manera, cada vez más estudios se centran en la necesidad de abordar desde una perspectiva cultural la adquisición del léxico especializado. En el presente artículo presentamos una propuesta didáctica en la práctica de la traducción de textos periodísticos, en la cual se hace hincapié en la traducción de términos jurídicos franceses y su conveniente trasvase a español. De esta manera, se pretende mejorar la capacidad de comprensión y mediación interlingüística e intercultural del alumnado que curse asignaturas de Traducción a partir de una fase documental previa y de un proceso de desterminologización en el que se especifiquen las semejanzas o diferencias de un ordenamiento a otro. Se concluye que los textos periodísticos, tan frecuentes en el día a día, se postulan como un material altamente productivo en el aprendizaje de las lenguas de especialidad y, en este caso, el lenguaje jurídico en el par de idiomas francés-español.
El feminismo en la novela juvenil actual: Sweet Temptation – Ein Milliardär zum Anbeißen. La evolución de las figuras femeninas en la cultura actual
Authors: Pérez Torres Irene
Published: May 2021

lo largo de la historia, la cultura ha mostrado, inevitablemente, una base sociológica sexista en la que la mujer sirve de objeto de consumo al servicio del hombre, sin el cual se ve perdida en este mundo. Es innegable que el sexismo se combate desde la ideología: si se inculca una educación feminista desde las edades más tempranas, estas ideas de igualdad calarán en mayor medida y darán sus frutos en las futuras generaciones. Es por ello que, con la creciente concienciación feminista en la sociedad, cada vez son más las historias –ya sean novelas, películas, canciones… –en las que la mujer toma el poder de su vida y decide sobre su propio destino, deshaciéndose del lastre tradicional de depender de una figura masculina. Aquí entra en juego la alemana Lotte Römer: en su novela Sweet Temptation – Ein Milliardär zum Anbeißen nos muestra a una joven cuya perspectiva de futuro no se nublará ante los encantos de un millonario. Emilia, la protagonista, decide su propio destino y trabaja para conseguir su sueño sin reclamar ayuda de nadie; sólo de ella misma. Un mensaje de empoderamiento que el público preadolescente al que va dirigido debería conocer, compartir y poner en práctica.
The Nun’s Story / Historia de una monja: el Congo de Kathryn Hulme, Fred Zinnemann y Audrey Hepburn y sus traductores al español
Authors: Zarandona Juan Miguel
Published: May 2021

n 1956 se publicaba una novela muy especial, The Nun's Story, de Kathryn Hulme, que alcanzó el número uno de la lista de best-sellers del New York Times y que Hollywood adaptó al cine en 1959 con un director y una actriz principal excepcionales: Fred Zinnemann y Audrey Hepburn. Desde el demoledor análisis de Joseph Conrad, con su Heart of Darkness (1899, 1903) de los desmanes coloniales bajo la tutela del rey de los belgas Leopoldo II, sucedidos en torno a las orillas del río Congo, ninguna otra creación, inspirada en dicho río africano, había llegado a ser tan popular como la que nos ocupa. La España de finales de los años cincuenta no permaneció ajena a este fenómeno de sorprendente popularidad. La novela se tradujo en 1957 y en tan solo cuatro años conoció dieciséis ediciones. La película posterior se dobló y exhibió en las salas españolas de inmediato; traducción, recepción, novela popular, cine, Congo colonial.
Educación para la muerte en la formación de educadores sociales.
Authors: Martínez-Heredia Nazaret , Santaella Rodríguez Esther
Published: May 2021

Aunque la muerte forma parte de nuestras vidas, todavía no ha sido integrada como tema de interés en la educación. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer la concepción del estudiantado de Educación Social en relación a la importancia y necesidad de una formación en educación para la muerte, así como las propuestas que se podrían desarrollar para llevar a cabo una pedagogía de la muerte. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo mediante una metodología cualitativa, empleando como técnica de recogida de datos la entrevista semiestructurada, no-formal, conversacional y biográfica. La muestra consta de 65 alumnos del Grado de Educación Social de la Universidad de Granada. Se destaca la opinión de todos los entrevistados acerca de la importancia de desarrollar una pedagogía de la muerte e intentar cambiar la concepción de la muerte como tema tabú, concienciando y normalizando esta temática. Se expone la importancia de trabajar dicho tema con naturalidad, poniendo en práctica diferentes actividades lúdicas y dinámicas para aceptar dicho proceso y afrontarlo de la mejor manera posible. Es necesario continuar profundizando en la consolidación de resultados que ofrezcan una referencia para el diseño de nuevas propuestas que se acerquen a la muerte como elemento educativo.
Cuestionario sobre conocimientos del profesorado universitario de matemáticas para la integración tecnológica.
Authors: Castro Sierra Frank Alain , Gutierrez-Santiuste Elba
Published: May 2021

En esta investigación se desarrolla un cuestionario de autoevaluación para medir el conocimiento del profesorado universitario de Matemática sobre la integración tecnológica en las aulas. El modelo Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge (TPACK) es reconocido por la comunidad científica para describir la comprensión de los docentes sobre la compleja interacción entre contenido, pedagogía y tecnología. Se adapta el cuestionario de Schmidt et al. (2009) al ámbito de las Matemáticas. El cuestionario está compuesto por 28 ítems y se evalúan mediante una escala Likert de cuatro niveles (1: nunca; 4: siempre). La muestra fue de 183 docentes universitarios de Matemáticas. El análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se utilizó para examinar los factores del modelo TPACK. Los resultados confirman el modelo de siete factores e indican que el TPACK percibido por el profesorado se correlaciona de manera positiva con todos los demás factores. Finalmente, se concluye que el instrumento es válido y fiable.
Validez de Constructo y Confiabilidad de un Instrumento para Evaluar la Integración del Enfoque Socioformativo en las Prácticas Docentes en Instituciones de Educación Superior en México.
Authors: Aguilar-Esteva Verónica , Juárez-Hernández Luis Gibran , Acosta-Banda Adán
Published: May 2021

En este artículo de presenta una Rúbrica analítica con el objetivo de evaluar el avance del enfoque socioformativo en las prácticas docentes en Instituciones de Educación Superior en México (IES), para este fin se utilizó la metodología instrumental aplicando la validez de constructo mediante el Anlalisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE)- También se analizó la confiabilidad mediante el Alfa de Cronbach. La rúbrica se aplicó a 150 docentes de IES. El análisis de confiabilidad mostró un valor de Alfa de Cronbach de 0.930, el cual se considera adecuado. La prueba Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO:0.907) y esfericidad de Bartlett (X2:997.351Gl:36;p<0.000) indicaron la pertinencia de los datos para ser analizados mediante el AFE, revelando que todos los ítems se encuentran dentro del modelo denominado trabajo socioformativo (factor mayor a 64% de la varianza). Se recomienda realizar nuevos estudios que aporten conocimiento respecto al grado de avance en la aplicación de los ejes esenciales de la socioformación hacia la sociedad del conocimiento como son: la resolución de problemas del contexto mediante el trabajo colaborativo; el fomento al emprendimiento generando impacto en el entorno; el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, sistémico, analítico, creativo; y la aplicación del proceso metacognitivo para mejora continua; así como, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida mediante la apropiación de los valores.
Italo Calvino y Aldo Rossi en diálogo. Representaciones del monumento en la ciudad.
Authors: Fernández Cuyàs Marc
Published: May 2021

Marc Fernández Cuyàs es doctorando en el curso de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada de la Universidad de Barcelona. Antes cursó el Máster Universitario en Estudios Teatrales en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona / Institut del Teatre de Barcelona y el grado en Estudios Literarios de la Universidad de Barcelona. Su tesis versa sobre las relaciones entre arquitectura, ciudad y espacio escénico en la segunda mitad del siglo XX a través de la obra del arquitecto Aldo Rossi. Actualmente es profesor asociado en la Escuela Superior de Arte Dramático de las Islas Baleares, donde imparte asignaturas sobre Teoría Teatral. Ha participado en congresos nacionales e internacionales y forma parte del Theatre and Architecture Working Group de la International Federation for Theatre Research. Además, ha publicado artículos en revistas académicas sobre las relaciones entre la teoría literaria, la teoría de la arquitectura y la teoría del teatro
Telemedicine for wound care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oropallo Alisha , Lantis John , Martin Alexander , Al Rubaiay Ammar , Wang Na
Published: May 2021

Wound care practitioners should adapt to new roles and use any appropriate methods available
Sun safety advice: Protecting against skin cancer
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: May 2021

Sun exposure is the primary cause of skin cancer, and it has been suggested that most cases of melanoma could be prevented with greater understanding of sun damage and protection. Amy Noakes explains the vital role of sunscreen
Promoting your practice: Medicolegal advice
Authors: Devlin Clare
Published: May 2021

Dr Clare Devlin, Medicolegal Consultant at Medical Protection, explains what practices must bear in mind when they present themselves to the public
Interpretation of distal limb nerve blocks in the horse
Authors: Findley Judith
Published: May 2021

Diagnostic analgesia of the distal limb is frequently performed in equine practice to localise lameness. The specificity of blocks has been widely investigated and it is important that clinicians understand the established blocking patterns and limitations for these blocks in order to correctly advise clients on diagnosis, further imaging and prognosis. This article examines the evidence relating to interpretation of distal limb blocks.
A systematic review of intracavernosal injection of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Irdam Gampo Alam , Febriyani  , Rasyid Nur , Taher Akmal
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND As current erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments are limited, other treatment such as stem cells should be explored. Hence, this study aimed to review the sources, method of administration, and therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for diabetic ED treatment.

METHODS All relevant articles regarding the use of MSCs for diabetic ED were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases from December 15, 2019 to January 1, 2020 published in the past 10 years. The keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells” and “diabetic ED”. The selection and critical appraisal of the studies were discussed. Diabetic ED was evaluated for functional and structural outcome. Functional outcome in animal studies was assessed by intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio, meanwhile the structural outcome was done microscopically. In human study, the assessments were done using international index of erectile function score (IIEF-5) to erection hardness score and penile Doppler ultrasonography.

RESULTS There were 10 animal studies and 3 human studies. The studies used MSCs from adipose (n = 6), bone marrow (n = 4), placenta (n = 1), umbilical cord (n = 1), and muscle tissue (n = 1). The MSCs were administrated through intracavernosal injection in all studies. In all animal studies, functional outcome was improved, shown in higher ICP/MAP ratio. Microscopically, there were an increase of cavernosal endothelial cells, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide synthase, and smooth muscle cells. In human studies, IIEF-5 and erection hardness score were improved. Peak systolic velocity was also higher.

CONCLUSIONS MSCs may be a promising therapy for diabetic ED; however, long-term safety concerns still need further investigations.
Intercomparison of indoor and outdoor spectral irradiance measurements between INTI and INMETRO
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Thiago , Babaro Juan Pablo , Zinzallari Alberto , Jesiotr Valeria
Published: May 2021

We report methodology and results for indoor and outdoor
intercomparison of spectral irradiance measurements by Argentinian and
Brazilian national metrology institutes traced to metrological
standards following independent traceability chains. A group of
standard lamps, measured between 250 and 1100 nm using characterized
spectroradiometers and calibrated reference standards, resulted in a
bilateral degree of equivalence (DoE) better than 0.5% in visible,
0.75% in infrared, and 3.7% in ultraviolet (UV), all within
calibration uncertainties. Simultaneous measurement of UV solar
spectral irradiance with both spectroradiometers traced to the same
reference lamp resulted in DoE better than 5.4% and 5.9% (within
uncertainties) for global and diffuse incidence in the UVA range.
Total UV solar irradiance computed from integration over spectral
measurements agrees within the criterion of normalized error smaller
than one.
Enhancing parameter design for full-aperture rapid planar polishing based on fuzzy optimization
Authors: Cao Mingchen , Zhao Huiying , Xie Ruiqing , Zhao Shijie , Zhao Lingyu , Bai Jinfeng
Published: May 2021

Full-aperture rapid planar polishing (RPP) has been widely used in optics manufacturing for high-power laser systems. A new, to the best of our knowledge, fuzzy optimization method was presented to assess the precision and productivity of RPP. Unlike the traditional method that can only set one objective, the proposed method can combine different objectives for RPP into one overall indicator. The material removal rate, material removal uniformity, and synthetical fuzzy indicator of RPP (SFIRPP) were selected as the objectives to prove the validity of fuzzy optimization. The rotational speed of optics, polishing pressure, and swing speed were set as the optimized parameters. The orthogonal design was introduced to simplify the operations of experiments. A semi-gamma distribution was used to fit the curve of SFIRPP. The experimental results indicated that the optimized parameters under SFIRPP obtained better manufacturing precision and productivity for flat optics simultaneously. The proposed fuzzy optimization provides the potential for enhancing the optimal parameters of RPP.
Isolating individual polarization effects from the Mueller matrix: comparison of two non-decomposition techniques
Authors: Iqbal Muaz , Gul Banat , Khan Shamim , Ashraf Sumara , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: May 2021

The prevailing formalisms for isolating individual polarization effects from the experimental Mueller matrix
M
can be broadly divided into two categories; decomposition of
M
to derive the individual optical effects and directly associating the individual optical effects to specific elements of
M
(i.e., non-decomposition techniques). Mueller matrix transformation (MMT) and direct interpretation of Mueller matrix (DIMM) are two popular techniques of the latter category. In this study, these two non-decomposition techniques (i.e., MMT and DIMM) are compared in a detailed quantitative analysis comprising of tissues (n = 53) and phantom (n = 45) samples. In particular, two commonly investigated polarimetric variables (i.e., depolarization and retardance) were calculated from the experimentally measured
M
using both the non-decomposition (i.e., MMT and DIMM) techniques. The comparison carried out with scatter plots (integrated with the correlation coefficients), violin plots and Bland and Altman plots revealed better agreement of depolarization-related variables (as compared to the retardance) between the two non-decomposition techniques. The comparative analyses presented here would be beneficial for the interpretation of polarimetric variables and optical characterization of turbid media.
Real-life implementation of a G6PD deficiency screening qualitative test into routine vivax malaria diagnostic units in the Brazilian Amazon (SAFEPRIM study)
Authors: Brito-Sousa Jose Diego , Murta Felipe , Vitor-Silva Sheila , Sampaio Vanderson S. , Mendes Maxwell O. , Brito Marcelo A. M. , Batista Talita S. B. , Santos Alicia P. C. , Marques Leonardo L. G. , Barbosa Laila R. A. , Melo Marly M. , Baia-da-Silva Djane C. , Silva-Neto Alexandre V. , Santos Thalie C. , Souza Brenda K. A. , Figueiredo Erick F. G. , Silva Emanuelle L. , Rodovalho Sheila , Nakagawa Theresa H. , Arcanjo Ana Ruth , Siqueira André M. , Melo Gisely C. , Recht Judith , Domingo Gonzalo J. , Bassat Quique , Bancone Germana , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Lacerda Marcus V. G.
Published: May 2021

Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency greatly hinders Plasmodium vivax malaria radical cure and further elimination due to 8-aminoquinolines-associated hemolysis. Although the deleterious health effects of primaquine in G6PD deficient individuals have been known for over 50 years, G6PD testing is not routinely performed before primaquine treatment in most P. vivax endemic areas.

Method/Principal findings

The qualitative CareStart G6PD screening test was implemented in 12 malaria treatment units (MTUs) in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva, Western Brazilian Amazon, a malaria endemic area, between February 2019 and early January 2020. Training materials were developed and validated; evaluations were conducted on the effectiveness of training health care professionals (HCPs) to perform the test, the interpretation and reliability of routine testing performed by HCPs, and perceptions of HCPs and patients. Most HCPs were unaware of G6PD deficiency and primaquine-related adverse effects. Most of 110 HCPs trained (86/110, 78%) were able to correctly perform the G6PD test after a single 4-hour training session. The test performed by HCPs during implementation showed 100.0% (4/4) sensitivity and 68.1% (62/91) specificity in identifying G6PD deficient patients as compared to a point-of-care quantitative test (Standard G6PD).

Conclusions/Significance

G6PD screening using the qualitative CareStart G6PD test performed by HCPs in MTUs of an endemic area showed high sensitivity and concerning low specificity. The amount of false G6PD deficiency detected led to substantial loss of opportunities for radical cure.
Effect of an inverted seated position with upper arm blood flow restriction on measures of elbow flexors neuromuscular performance
Authors: Ahmadi Hamid , Herat Nehara , Alizadeh Shahab , Button Duane C. , Granacher Urs , Behm David G.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The objective of the investigation was to determine the concomitant effects of upper arm blood flow restriction (BFR) and inversion on elbow flexors neuromuscular responses.

Methods

Randomly allocated, 13 volunteers performed four conditions in a within-subject design: rest (control, 1-min upright position without BFR), control (1-min upright with BFR), 1-min inverted (without BFR), and 1-min inverted with BFR. Evoked and voluntary contractile properties, before, during and after a 30-s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) exercise intervention were examined as well as pain scale.

Results

Inversion induced significant pre-exercise intervention decreases in elbow flexors MVC (21.1%, ηp2 = 0.48, p = 0.02) and resting evoked twitch forces (29.4%, ηp2 = 0.34, p = 0.03). The 30-s MVC induced significantly greater pre- to post-test decreases in potentiated twitch force (ηp2 = 0.61, p = 0.0009) during inversion (↓75%) than upright (↓65.3%) conditions. Overall, BFR decreased MVC force 4.8% (ηp2 = 0.37, p = 0.05). For upright position, BFR induced 21.0% reductions in M-wave amplitude (ηp2 = 0.44, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences for electromyographic activity or voluntary activation as measured with the interpolated twitch technique. For all conditions, there was a significant increase in pain scale between the 40–60 s intervals and post-30-s MVC (upright<inversion, and without BFR<BFR).

Conclusion

The concomitant application of inversion with elbow flexors BFR only amplified neuromuscular performance impairments to a small degree. Individuals who execute forceful contractions when inverted or with BFR should be cognizant that force output may be impaired.
Evaluating clinical characteristics studies produced early in the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Manoharan Lakshmi , Cattrall Jonathan W. S. , Harris Carlyn , Newell Katherine , Thomson Blake , Pritchard Mark G. , Bannister Peter G. , Sigfrid Louise , Solomon Tom , Horby Peter W. , Carson Gail , Olliaro Piero
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Clinical characterisation studies have been essential in helping inform research, diagnosis and clinical management efforts, particularly early in a pandemic. This systematic review summarises the early literature on clinical characteristics of patients admitted to hospital, and evaluates the quality of evidence produced during the initial stages of the pandemic.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health databases were searched for studies published from January 1st2020 to April 28th2020. Studies which reported on at least 100 hospitalised patients with Covid-19 of any age were included. Data on clinical characteristics were independently extracted by two review authors. Study design specific critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate included studies: the Newcastle Ottawa scale for cohort and cross sectional studies, Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case series and the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.

Results

The search yielded 78 studies presenting data on 77,443 people. Most studies (82%) were conducted in China. No studies included patients from low- and middle-income countries. The overall quality of included studies was low to moderate, and the majority of studies did not include a control group. Fever and cough were the most commonly reported symptoms early in the pandemic. Laboratory and imaging findings were diverse with lymphocytopenia and ground glass opacities the most common findings respectively. Clinical data in children and vulnerable populations were limited.

Conclusions

The early Covid-19 literature had moderate to high risk of bias and presented several methodological issues. Early clinical characterisation studies should aim to include different at-risk populations, including patients in non-hospital settings. Pandemic preparedness requires collection tools to ensure observational studies are methodologically robust and will help produce high-quality data early on in the pandemic to guide clinical practice and public health policy.

Review registration

Available athttps://osf.io/mpafn
A systematic approach to the scale separation problem in the development of multiscale models
Authors: Bhattacharya Pinaki , Li Qiao , Lacroix Damien , Kadirkamanathan Visakan , Viceconti Marco
Published: May 2021

Throughout engineering there are problems where it is required to predict a quantity based on the measurement of another, but where the two quantities possess characteristic variations over vastly different ranges of time and space. Among the many challenges posed by such ‘multiscale’ problems, that of defining a ‘scale’ remains poorly addressed. This fundamental problem has led to much confusion in the field of biomedical engineering in particular. The present study proposes a definition of scale based on measurement limitations of existing instruments, available computational power, and on the ranges of time and space over which quantities of interest vary characteristically. The definition is used to construct a multiscale modelling methodology from start to finish, beginning with a description of the system (portion of reality of interest) and ending with an algorithmic orchestration of mathematical models at different scales within the system. The methodology is illustrated for a specific but well-researched problem. The concept of scale and the multiscale modelling approach introduced are shown to be easily adaptable to other closely related problems. Although out of the scope of this paper, we believe that the proposed methodology can be applied widely throughout engineering.
Long-term outcomes of peripheral arterial disease patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Choi Byoung Geol , Hong Ji-Yeon , Rha Seung-Woon , Choi Cheol Ung , Lee Michael S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have known to a high risk of cardiac mortality. However, the effectiveness of the routine evaluation of coronary arteries such as routine coronary angiography (CAG) in PAD patients receiving percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is unclear.

Methods

A total of 765 consecutive PAD patients underwent successful PTA and 674 patients (88.1%) underwent routine CAG. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as angiographic stenosis ≥70%. Patients were divided into three groups; 1) routine CAG and a presence of CAD (n = 413 patients), 2) routine CAG and no CAD group (n = 261 patients), and 3) no CAG group (n = 91 patients). To adjust for any potential confounders that could cause bias, multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curved analysis at 5-year follow-up.

Results

In this study, the 5-year survival rate of patients with PAD who underwent PTA was 88.5%. Survival rates were similar among the CAD group, the no CAD group, and the no CAG group, respectively (87.7% vs. 90.4% vs. 86.8% P = 0.241). After PSM analysis between the CAD group and the no CAD group, during the 5-year clinical follow-up, there were no differences in the incidence of death, myocardial infarction, strokes, peripheral revascularization, or target extremity surgeries between the two groups except for repeat PCI, which was higher in the CAD group than the non-CAD group (9.3% vs. 0.8%, P<0.001).

Conclusion

PAD patients with CAD were expected to have very poor long-term survival, but they are shown no different long-term prognosis such as mortality compared to PAD patients without CAD. These PAD patients with CAD had received PCI and/or optimal medication treatment after the CAG. Therefore a strategy of routine CAG and subsequent PCI, if required, appears to be a reasonable strategy for mortality risk reduction of PAD patients. Our results highlight the importance for evaluation for CAD in patients with PAD.
Prognosis according to clinical and pathologic lymph node status in breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy alone after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Lee Sae Byul , Kim Hakyoung , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Kim Hee Jeong , Ko Beom Seok , Lee Jong Won , Ahn Sei Hyun , Son Byung Ho
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone as axillary surgery regardless of their clinical and pathological lymph node status. We reviewed the records of 1,795 patients from Asan Medical Center who were diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy during 2003–2014. We selected 760 patients who underwent SLNB alone as axillary surgery and divided these patients into four groups according to their clinical lymph node (cN) and pathological lymph node (pN) status: cN(-)pN(-) (n = 377), cN(-)pN(+) (n = 33), cN(+)pN(-) (n = 242), and cN(+)pN(+) (n = 108). We then compared axillary lymph node recurrence, locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) among the four groups using Kaplan–Meier analysis. We compared prognosis between the cN(-)pN(-) and cN(+)pN(-) groups to determine whether SLNB alone is an adequate treatment modality even in patients with cN positive pathology before neoadjuvant therapy but SLNB-negative pathology after NAC. The 5-year axillary recurrence rates in the cN(-)pN(-) and cN(+)pN(-) groups were 1.4% and 2.9%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.152). The axillary recurrence and LRR rates were significantly different among the four groups, with the pN-negative groups (cN[–]pN[–], cN[+]pN[–]) showing lower recurrence rates. DMFS and OS were also significantly different among the four groups, with the cN negative groups (cN[–]pN[–], cN[–]pN[+]) showing improved survival rates. Our study findings suggest that SLNB alone was associated with lower LRR rates even in patients with cN positive pathology before neoadjuvant therapy but cN negative pathology after SLNB. Moreover, recurrence and survival rates differ significantly according to clinical and pathological lymph node status.