bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL EDUCATION BY DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR OF STUDENTS' HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Authors: Grebinka Galina , Zubritsky Yaroslav , Rozhko Elena , Taranenko Maxim
Published: April 2024

The article consider the issue of a healthy lifestyle of students in the process of their physical education while studying in higher education institutions. The urgency of the study due to significant problems in maintaining the health of young people on a national scale, due to the introduction of quarantine restrictions in educational institutions. The purposeof the study is to identify the possibilities of the discipline "Physical Education" by means of remote technologies in free economic education in the formation of skills of a healthy lifestyle of students. Based on the study, the use of a set of general scientific theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization. It is established that the implementation of the current educational process provides a priority before physical education – the preservation and change of pupils and students in the formation of their healthy lifestyle skills. The practice of using distance learning technologies in physical education of students is studied, the possibilities of such educational process in formation of motivations and needs of students in observance of the basic healthy ways of life in the conditions of quarantine are analyzed. It is determined that the latter should be reviewed: classes based on a personality-oriented approach, the availability of these recommendations for the formation of motivations for physical activity; providing opportunities for students to monitor indicators of individual development; acquisition of skills to increase valeological culture of nutrition; increase of motor activity in the modes of the school day and maintenance of the sanitary and hygienic mode. According to the results of the study, information on potential innovative distance technologies has been expanded to optimize the impact of physical education on the student's personality in order to educate users of a healthy lifestyle during student years, which will ensure their future health.
Sobre enajenación y fetichismo en Marx
Authors: Salazar Silva Fernando , Cuaspud Cáliz Alba Liliana
Published: April 2024

Alienation and mercantile fetishism are two determining categories of the antagonistic social formations that allow to explain the convergence of the subjects by means of abstractions. Thus the social and practical bond of men that takes the form of an immediate relation, in which the alienation of the thinking of the subject by himself stands out, vanishes as long as the material premises of history as social production are considered. It is proposed then to emphasize the relation between alienation and fetishism, and also as an organic differentiation of an articulated totality of determinations, from which the nexus of abstraction with history is understood, without losing sight of the fact that social production is the foundation of the social relation.
“Cansada, agobiada, frustrada”: Desafíos emocionales de docentes de inglés en primaria durante la pandemia: Estudio de caso en San Carlos, Costa Rica
Authors: López-Estrada Patricia , Elizondo-Mejías Jonathan , Pérez-Hidalgo Estefanía
Published: April 2024

Introduction. COVID-19’s health crisis put a hold on all educational processes worldwide. This was not the exception for Costa Rica at the Ministry of Education. In March 2020, it was proposed that distance education was going to be put into practice. Purpose. This paper focuses on the feelings the participants communicated during the study. This was part of a principal investigation that used a case study methodology based on inductive qualitative research. It had the purpose of describing the perceptions of four English primary school teachers from the Dirección Regional de Educación San Carlos (San Carlos Regional Education Office) regarding distance education during the sanitary emergency of COVID-19. Methodology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, lesson plans, and video recordings of pedagogical mediation and professional contexts. The data were analyzed using semantic categories from content analysis (Hatch, 2002) and the Web Qualitative Data Analysis (webQDA) software (Costa et al., 2019). Results. Results suggest that teachers reported experiencing a range of emotions before and during the pandemic, with the majority being negative in nature. Among the most notable were uncertainty, stress, confusion, overwork, a sense of difficulty, sadness, and worry. Other feelings included discrimination, impotence, and disrespect towards the teachers and the families’ specific contexts. This study presents the teachers from their human dimension as professionals who endured the pandemic within their own educational contexts. The study also shows the importance of effective communication and taking into consideration psychological support to strengthen the emotional integrity of the teachers.
Development of the Universal Air Collector Design for Measuring the Flow Rate of Swirling Air Flow Using an Integral Thermoanemometer
Authors:   Anatolii Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine, Tsakanian Oleh S. , Koshel Serhii V. ,   Anatolii Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine, Kyryk Anna A. ,   Hamelin Laie International School
Published: April 2024

Measurement of the swirling air flow rate and average speed of air at air distribution units of ventilation systems is a rather difficult task due to the fact that the air flow enters the measuring device at different angles. As a result, significant measurement errors can occur when using point thermoanemometers or other flow meters. The use of integral anemometers facilitates the measurement process. However, it is necessary to eliminate the errors associated with changes in the angle of the air flow to the sensing element of the measuring device. To do this, it is necessary to ensure a rectilinear structure of the air flow using a transitional air collector and rectifier. The aim of this paper is to develop a design of an air collector device that will allow to measure the flow rate of a swirling air flow. The objectives of the paper are to optimize the geometrical parameters of the air collector to ensure a rectilinear flow, minimize its dimensions and aerodynamic drag. The correctness of the air collector design was evaluated by matching the calibration characteristic of the probe of an integral thermoanemometer in the presence of a vortex diffuser in front of the air collector and in its absence. The proposed device has a rectangular shape and consists of a receiver, a rectifying grid, a chamber, an accelerating and stabilizing section, at the outlet of which a thermoanemometer probe is installed. The receiver and the accelerating section are tapered along their length, while the chamber and the stabilizing section have a constant cross-section. The rectifying grid is installed inside the chamber and has a square-shaped honeycomb structure. Several options of the air collector design with different geometrical parameters were studied using computer modelling. The dependence of aerodynamic drag on air flow was plotted. The optimal design of the air collector was chosen, for which a life-size physical model was created. The calibration characteristics of the measuring probe with an air collector were experimentally obtained when a swirling air flow was applied. The developed universal air collector allows the air flow rate measurement at the outlets of almost any air distribution devices of ventilation systems of buildings.
ASSESSING CHANGES IN LAND RENT COSTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Kirechev D.
Published: April 2024

The report analyses change in the cost of land rent on farms. It analyses the impact of rent expenditure on farm financial performance by farm type and regionally. It is argued that rising rent costs have a negative impact on the financial performance of farms and put pressure on their efficiency. This is more pronounced in areas specializing in intensive crop production, where larger agricultural areas are rented. The external factor costs exceed the farming overheads. There is a need for farmers to adopt a more pragmatic policy when renting agricultural land.
Simple dynamic cell culture system reduces recording noise in microelectrode array recordings
Authors: Hoven Darius , Inaoka Misaki , McCoy Reece , Withers Aimee , Owens Róisín M. , Malliaras George G.
Published: April 2024

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have applications in drug discovery, toxicology, and basic research. They measure the electrophysiological response of tissue cultures to quantify changes upon exposure to biochemical stimuli. Unfortunately, manual addition of chemicals introduces significant noise in the recordings. Here, we report a simple-to-fabricate fluidic system that addresses this issue. We show that cell cultures can be successfully established in the fluidic compartment under continuous flow conditions and that the addition of chemicals introduces minimal noise in the recordings. This dynamic cell culture system represents an improvement over traditional tissue culture wells used in MEAs, facilitating electrophysiology measurements.

Graphical abstract
Teachers’ Stories about Home Language Surveys
Authors: Salerno April S. , Andrei Elena
Published: April 2024

U.S. schools use home language surveys (HLS) as initial screening tools to determine whether students should be screened for ESL services. These placement decisions have potentially long-lasting implications for multilingual students. In this Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices (S-STEP) project, we explored how teachers talk about HLS across 7 academic years of the first author’s ESL assessment course, and how they made sense of families’ decisions to hide home languages on the HLS. We analyzed teachers’ stories when discussing a news article about families who provided misinformation on HLS, so their children would not be screened for ESL. Our question is: How do teachers use their experiences to understand families’ decisions about providing misinformation on HLS? These stories illuminated how teachers made sense of the HLS experiences of families in the news article, and how teachers identified problems with HLS. Teachers’ stories included sharing about people they knew or about they themselves, as parents, completing HLS; about what happened after families submitted HLS; and about why families would provide misinformation, including past difficult experiences in ESL themselves and fears of stigma or tracking. Based on these stories, we consider implications for those who might change HLS, teachers, teacher educators, and researchers.
Surface ferromagnetism of lead-free ferroelectric bismuth sodium titanate materials
Authors: Dung Dang Duc , Vu Tien Lam , Nguyen Huu Lam , Duong Quoc Van , Nguyen Hoang Thoan , Nguyen Hoang Linh , Nguyen Ngoc Trung
Published: April 2024

The role of complex surface defect on the magnetic at the (110) surface of bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) was discussed based on the first-principles calculation. The first-principle calculations for various types of surface defects exhibited the existence of magnetic moments for selected chemical and position defects. Specifically, Na and Bi vacancies induced large magnetic moments of 0.52 µB/f.u and 0.50 µB/f.u, respectively, which were larger than that of Ti vacancies of 0.01 µB/f.u. Interestingly, oxygen vacancies did not induce local magnetic moments. Furthermore, significant magnetic moments of 0.50 µB/f.u and 0.49 µB/f.u were obtained for Na and Bi interstitial defects, while the local magnetic moments were slightly achieved around 0.03 µB/f.u and 0.04 µB/f.u for Ti and O interstitial defects, respectively. Anti-site defects between Bi and Na at A-site in perovskite ABO3 structure exhibited magnetic moments of 0.55 µB/f.u for Na anti-site at Bi-site and 0.39 µB/f.u for Bi anti-site at Na-site. Interestingly, anti-site defects between the A-site and B-site in perovskite ABO3 structure resulted in larger magnetic moments, with values of 0.57 µB/f.u and 0.53 µB/f.u obtained for Ti anti-site defects at the Bi-site and Na-site, respectively. Additionally, magnetic moments of 0.50 µB/f.u and 0.54 µB/f.u were achieved for Bi and Na anti-site defects at the Ti-site, respectively. We expected that our work further contributed to the understanding of the role of surface defects in the magnetism of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 materials in integrating ferromagnetic properties into lead-free ferroelectric materials for smart electronic device applications.
Comparison of Synthetic Aperture Radar Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 observations for lake monitoring
Authors: Pham Duc Binh
Published: April 2024

This work investigates the efficacy of L-band and C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors onboard ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 satellites, as compared to optical sensors onboard Sentinel-2 satellite, for mapping open water of the Tri An reservoir, one of the largest artificial reservoirs in South Vietnam, during the 2016-2023 period. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) was the primary computing platform to pre-process all satellite observations. The Otsu threshold algorithm was employed to generate water/non-water maps derived from the VH- and HH-polarized backscatter coefficient data acquired by Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 satellites and from the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) data acquired by Sentinel-2 satellite, respectively. The findings reveal the stability of Tri An reservoir’s surface water extent from 2017 to 2022, followed by a significant decline of nearly 70% during the dry season of 2023 to approximately 100 km2. This substantial decrease can be explained by the impact of a robust El Niño phase occurring in the region simultaneously. Overall, there is a high consistency between results derived from SAR and optical sensors, but the correlation between Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 (R = 0.9774) was higher than that between ALOS-2 and Sentinel-2 (R = 0.9145). During the drought period, both C-band and L-band SAR sensors overestimate the reservoir’s surface water extent due to the similarity in their backscatter coefficient between water and dry flat soil surfaces. This misclassification is more pronounced in ALOS-2 data than Sentinel-1 data, suggesting that the C-band sensor is more suitable than the L-band sensor for mapping the lake’s open water areas.
Features of the leukocyte pool of umbilical cell blood cell concentrate prepared for long-term cryostorage
Authors: Tyumina O. V. , Ovchinnikov P. A. , Trusova L. M. , Tyumin I. V. , Davydkin I. L.
Published: April 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard of care for patients with highrisk acute leukemia. Cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells for patients who need transplantation but do not have a related donor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the characteristics of leukocyte pool (cellular composition, immunophenotype) of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell concentrates, which were harvested for public long-term cryostorage for the needs of transplantology. A study of 1096 samples of umbilical cord blood of full-term newborns before and after processing [isolation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) concentrate] was carried out. The number of cells in the pooled concentrate of HSC at a volume of 25 mL, after long-term cryostorage was as follows: leukocytes, 17.41±0.36 × 108; HSCs with CD34+ immunophenotype, 5.25±3.6 × 106; natural killer cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), 1.65+0.7 × 108. Analysis of the NKT cell population revealed 6.22±2.1% of cells with CD3+CD16/CD56+ immunophenotype. The contents of CD3+CD56+ cells was 2.69±2.4%, the relative amount of CD3+CD16+ was 2.53±1.2%. In the pooled NKT cell preparations, 5.15±2.1% of CD56+CD16 cells were detected, and two minor subpopulations were also identified, which differ in CD56 and CD16 antigen expression: the level of CD56-CD16+ was 2.91±1.2%, and the ratio of CD56+CD16+ cells was 0.69±0.3%. The obtained data on relative amounts and characteristics of cellular immunophenotype as well as the heterogeneity of the NK and NKT cell population in the HSC UCB concentrate, subjected to long-term cryostorage must be taken into account when selecting the HSC UCB concentrates for the purpose of transplantation in oncohematological diseases.
Pseudoneutralizing test for preclinical studies of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cherepovich B. S. , Kudryashova A. M. , Kartashova N. P. , Gracheva A. V. , Manuilov V. A. , Leneva I. A. , Borisova O. V. , Svitich O. A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficiency of a competitive enzyme immunoassay which specifically detects antibodies that recognize the receptor-binding domain at the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spike protein and block the formation of initiator infection complex between RBD and angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (pseudo-neutralizing test, PNT) being applied at the stage of preclinical studies of anti- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We studied 37 animal blood sera (8 cows, 10 dogs) as well as 19 male and female transgenic mice of the B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/HEMI line hemizygous for Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, USA)) immunized with candidate COVID-19 vaccine preparations containing SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. In this study, 3 techniques were used for detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus, as follows: 1) a pseudo-neutralizing test (PNT) to detect antibodies that block interaction between RBD and ACE-2; 2) neutralization test (RN) to detect virus-neutralizing antibodies, and 3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect class G antibodies to RBD SARS-CoV-2. The results were expressed, respectively, as the suppression quotients (SC), titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA), and the positivity index (IP). The data obtained show a pronounced, statistically significant correlation between the results obtained by immunoassay methods with VNA titers determined in the studied animals by the virological neutralization test. E.g., the Spearman correlation quotients for VNA and SC titers, were, respectively, 0.9151; 0.8085, and 0.9207 for dogs, transgenic mice and cows. The Spearman quotient for VNA and PI titers was 0.8854 and 0.8955 for dogs and transgenic mice. Thus, in order to evaluate immunogenicity of vaccine preparations in our study, both methods are adequate and safe analogues to RN-ELISA for determination of IgG to RBD and PNT aoming for detection of antibodies blocking the formation of RBD/ACE-2 complex. However, the advantage of PNT is its versatility, eliminating the need to use different conjugates to detect antibodies in blood sera of different animal species. The data obtained for samples of three animal species (transgenic mice, dogs and cows) well agree with similar data obtained by us and other researchers for human blood sera, thus demonstrating high correlation between the results of PNT-like competitive tests to determine antibodies that block the formation of the RBD/ACE-2 complex, with VNA results in virologic neurtralization test (RN). Therefore, the proposed PNT technique may be used in preclinical and clinical trials of candidate vaccines and drugs.
Sterile inflammation, cross-presentation, autophagy and adaptive immunity in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Saidov M. Z.
Published: April 2024

Proinflammatory extracellular and intracellular DAMPs are the dominant etiological factors of sterile inflammation in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They are generated by systemic progressive disorganization of loose fibrous unformed connective tissue, programmed cell death and cell necrosis. Sterile inflammation is a multi-stage process which is induced by a sequence of reactions mediated by leukocytes and resident cells of the macrophage-monocyte series, aimed at cleansing the focus of inflammation from cellular and tissue detritus, followed by restoration of homeostasis of damaged tissue. An important role in this process belongs to the transendothelial migration of leukocytes to the focus of sterile inflammation and formation of cellular inflammatory infiltrate. The key feature of these events is the reactivity of PRR receptors followed by a cascade of PRR-DAMPs interactions with subsequent launch of molecular and cellular processes causing the local and/or systemic manifestations of sterile inflammation. Activation of innate immunity is the result of PRR-DAMPs interactions which launches the molecular and cellular reactions. Hence, it is possible to attribute the immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases to the category of systemic sterile autoinflammatory processes. Generalization of the pathophysiological effects of pro-inflammatory DAMPs and, accordingly, the systemic and multi-organ nature of tissue and internal organ damage in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases is due to the wide occurrence of receptors for “danger signals”. The most important place in the development of DAMP-mediated sterile inflammation is occupied by the phenomenon of cross-presentation and autophagy. The cross-presentation causes exposition of extracellular DAMPs from internalized proteins with MHC class I molecules to autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Autophagy provides processsing of intracellular peptide DAMPs, their loading onto MHC class II molecules with subsequent induction of adaptive immune response in CD4+T cell populations. The innate lymphoid cells (ILC) make an important contribution to these processes. The model of functional coupling and complementarity between ILCs and Th-CD4+T cells has expanded our understanding of immune regulation by extending the activity of innate and adaptive immunity to the level of maintaining tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, repair, regeneration and inflammation. Progression of systemic sterile inflammation may be a result of PRR-DAMP interactions of tissue ILCs followed by switching of ILC/Th-CD4+T cell partners. The data presented in this review define the promising molecular and cellular targets aiming for regulation and/or inhibition of sterile inflammation in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital portosystemic shunts as a new form of portopulmonary hypertension in children and adults
Authors: Miklashevich I. M. , Potrokhova E. A. , Morozov D. A.
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with portal hypertension, or portopulmonary hypertension, is a severe, life-threatening complication of portal hypertension and/or portocaval shunt surgery. Congenital portocaval shunts (CPSSs) are rare vascular anomalies of the portal system, leading to severe pathophysiological reactions and multisystem damage, including PAH, liver nodules, cognitive, metabolic, immune, hematological and hormonal disorders. Severe cardiopulmonary complications are detected in more than a third of patients with CPSSs, which is the main cause of their death. The article describes the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic features and possibilities of modern targeted therapy for CPSS-associated PAH. Patients with CPSS-associated PAH require comprehensive specialized care in an expert center. For long-term successful management of patients, continuous targeted therapy for PAH, in combination with surgical treatment of CPSSs, is crucial.
Prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients aged 75 years and older with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using logistic regression and classification tree
Authors: Pereverzeva K. G. , Yakushin S. S.
Published: April 2024

Aim. To study risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) aged ≥75 years.

Material and methods. This retrospective analysis analyzed medical records of 174 patients aged ≥75 years hospitalized at the regional cardiology clinic due to STEMI in 2020-2021. There were 52 (29,9%) men. The median age for all patients was 81 [79; 85] year.

Results. Inhospital mortality was 24,1%. Binary logistic regression revealed the following factors increasing the risk of inhospital mortality: cardiogenic shock (CS) — odds ratio (OR) 39,04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8,87-171,74 (p<0,001); ventricular tachycardia (VT) — OR=60,52; 95% CI: 5,21-703,45 (p=0,001); white blood cell (WBC) count — for each increase by 1×109/l — OR=1,15; 95% CI: 1,05-1,26 (p=0,002). At the same time, history of heart failure (CHF) reduced the death risk (OR=0,04; 95% CI: 0,009-0,21 (p<0,001)). Classification tree found that 100% mortality was predicted in patients with CS and without diabetes and a history of MI and in patients with pulmonary edema and without CS, VT and HF. Mortality of 83,3% was predicted in patients without CS and without VT with a history of HF, WBC count ≥14,5×109/L and body mass index ≤23,7 kg/m2. In addition, mortality of 75,0% was predicted in patients without CS, but with VT, as well as in patients with CS without diabetes and with a history of MI. In patients with CABG and diabetes, the predicted mortality rate was 50,0%.

Conclusion. The strongest factors associated with the risk of inhospital death were CS, VT, and high WBC count. The positive effect on the prognosis of pre-existing diseases, in particular HF, is apparently associated with the protective effect of previously taken therapy. This assumption needs to be confirmed based on prospective studies.
Role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the risk of various myocardial remodeling types in left ventricular noncompaction: genetic analysis data
Authors: Mershina E. A. , Filatova D. A. , Myasnikov R. P. , Kulikova O. V. , Meshkov A. N. , Kiseleva A. V. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Kharlap M. S.
Published: April 2024

Aim. To analyze contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with phenotypic manifestations of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and related genetic mutations, as well as to determine the relationship between mutations and types of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and with a number of other morphological and functional cardiac parameters.

Material and methods. From the registry of patients with LVNC and their relatives, patients with morphological signs of LVNC and 4 related mutations (MYH7, MYBPC3, TTN, and desmin genes (DES, DSG2, DSP and DSC2)). All patients underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI, based on which the type of LV remodeling was determined.

Results. The study included 44 patients who, according to genetic analysis, had mutations in sarcomeric genes responsible for LVNC development. In each patient, the type of LV remodeling was determined based on cardiac MRI results. We found that if patients with LVNC have mutations in the MYBPC3 and TTN genes, the chance of LV dilatation remodeling is significantly higher. On the contrary, in the presence of a DES gene mutation, the probability of this LV remodeling is lower, and milder morphological manifestations of LVNC are noted.

Conclusion. The combination of cardiac MRI data and genetic analysis improves the morphological and functional stratification of patients with LVNC.
Flexibilizando padrões éticos em pesquisa no Brasil? Uma análise do PL 6007/2023
Authors: Pyrrho Monique , Barcellos Débora Costato Brescianini , Cambraia Leonardo
Published: April 2024

O Projeto de Lei (PL) 6007/2023 propõe reformulações significativas do Sistema Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa Clínica com Seres Humanos. A justificativa apresentada é que a desburocratização do Sistema contribuiria para o avanço científico. O artigo analisa os aspectos mais significativos do PL, a fim de verificar a adequação entre a proposta e os efeitos esperados: nível normativo; tempo da análise; papel do órgão central; consentimento; tratamento pós-estudo; placebo; monitoramento; e, medidas resultantes de descumprimento. Embora o nível normativo e a vedação do uso de placebo quando da existência de tratamento comprovadamente eficaz ofereçam efeito protetivo, as demais alterações ou não contribuem para aumentar a proteção do participante ou efetivamente flexibilizam obrigações éticas presentes na atual regulamentação. A desproteção dos participantes não acelera pesquisas, como se costuma argumentar, podendo, ao contrário, além de causar mais risco, levar ao descrédito e desconfiança em relação à ciência.
ANÁLISE DO PAPEL MEDIADOR DA RESILIÊNCIA NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE APOIO SOCIAL E BURNOUT EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Gianjacomo Telma Regina Fares , Rodrigues Renne , Guidoni Camilo Molino , Girotto Edmarlon
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o papel mediador da resiliência no efeito do suporte social e a relação com o burnout acadêmico. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal com estudantes matriculados em cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública paranaense, participantes do projeto GraduaUEL - Análise da Saúde e Hábitos de Vida dos Estudantes de Graduação da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, entrevistados no ano de 2019. A variável dependente deste estudo foi a exaustão acadêmica, mensurada por meio do questionário Copenhagen Inventory Burnout (CBI-S). A independente foi o apoio social, medido pela escala de apoio Social (MOS-SSS), e o efeito mediador da resiliência foi verificado a partir da escala CD-RISC-1. Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratório (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) para obter o modelo com melhores resultados através do software Mplus, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O apoio social total afetou significativamente e positivamente a resiliência, enquanto a resiliência teve um efeito significativamente negativo no burnout. Foi observado que o efeito direto do suporte social no burnout e efeito indireto do suporte social no burnout por meio da resiliência foram significativos, a resiliência medeia essa relação em aproximadamente 54,9%. Em suma, o apoio social e a resiliência têm efeito sobre o burnout acadêmico, dessa forma a exaustão dos estudantes universitários pode ser reduzida ampliando-se o apoio social e a resiliência entre os estudantes universitários.
Phase composition, structure and properties of B4C–TiB2 ceramics produced by hot pressing
Authors: Khabirov R. R. , Cherkasova N. Yu. , Gudyma T. S. , Krutskii Yu. L. , Mass A. V. , Ogneva T. S. , Kuzmin R. I. , Anisimov A. G.
Published: April 2024

Composite ceramic materials based on B4C with the addition of TiB2 in amounts of 0, 10, 20, 25 and 30 mol. % have been studied. Titanium diboride was synthesized from TiO2 powder and nanofibrous carbon using the boron carbide method in an induction furnace at 1650 °C in an argon atmosphere. The samples were produced by hot pressing at 2100 °C and 25 MPa in an argon environment. The phase composition was determined, and the apparent density and open porosity of the experimental materials were measured. The microstructure was assessed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations revealed that an increase in the TiB2 content reduces the open porosity while concurrently enhancing the relative density of the boron carbide ceramics. For a sample containing 30 mol. % TiB2 , the open porosity and relative theoretical density were 1.6 and 99 %, respectively. Using XRD and XRS analyses established that the synthesized materials are comprised of two phases: B4C and TiB2 . The average grain size of TiB2 was 0.85 ± 0.02 µm for the sample with 10 mol. % TiB2 and 8.90 ± 0.25 µm for the material with 30 mol. % TiB2 . It was found that at higher TiB2 concentrations, large clusters of grains are formed. The destruction pattern of B4C grains is intragranular, while TiB2 grains are characterized by intergranular destruction. For a sample containing 30 mol. % TiB2 , the fracture toughness was 4.97 ± 0.23 MPa∙m0.5, and the hardness was 3320 ± 120 HV0.5 . Therefore, the addition of TiB2 at these specified concentrations facilitated a 30 % enhancement in fracture toughness relative to single-phase B4C while preserving a high level of hardness.
Judicial problem-solving: An evaluation of Grobler v Phillips and Others [2022] ZACC 32
Authors: Van Coller Arthur
Published: April 2024

The South African Constitutional Court was recently tasked with considering whether the "just and equitable" requirement of the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act had been complied with when an eviction order was granted in the Somerset West Magistrates' Court. The Magistrates' Court found that the occupier unlawfully occupied the land and determined that the eviction was just and equitable in the circumstances. However, the High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal held that the order of the Magistrates' Court could not be confirmed. With certain conditions attached, the Constitutional Court held that the eviction was just and equitable. These judgments are noteworthy as they highlight the in consistencies in the reasoning of the various courts that considered the same facts. The conclusion is that judicial reasoning which creates tension between the rights of private landowners and unlawful occupiers is not constructive. Ideally, evictions should be resolved by enforcing a potentially homeless person's right to access adequate housing by holding the state to account for its constitutional obligations.
A prática psicológica e a ludicidade na hospitalização pediátrica: relato de experiência
Authors: Peres Cyndi Naymayer , Do Amaral Amanda Marchi , Da Silveira Gabriel Bloedow , Antoniazzi Marina Peripolli , Volmer André Luis
Published: April 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A inserção da psicologia e o método lúdico de intervenção na esfera hospitalar surge para promover bem-estar frente às vivências das crianças em condição de internação. O enfrentamento de uma hospitalização no período da infância pode provocar impactos significativos do ponto de vista orgânico, psíquico e ambiental, por ser um momento de estruturação do indivíduo enquanto sujeito psíquico. OBJETIVO: Posto isso, o presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre a relação da família e da equipe de saúde com crianças hospitalizadas e a relevância da utilização dos recursos lúdicos, a partir de um relato de experiência de estagiários de um curso de graduação em psicologia. MÉTODO: Logo, trata-se de um relato de experiência, de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza descritiva, realizado de março de 2022 a junho de 2023, em uma Unidade Pediátrica de um Hospital Público Brasileiro. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A partir disso, observaram-se na prática reações de estranhamento dos pacientes ao se depararem com a permanência no hospital, o adoecimento e os procedimentos das equipes multiprofissionais de saúde; bem como evidenciou-se a importância da transmissão das informações e do preparo verbal ante intervenções, visando a participação ativa do paciente em seu tratamento. Também observou-se a significância do uso de ferramentas lúdicas nas intervenções com as crianças, que facilitam a adaptação ao contexto e proporcionam âncora para estas elaborarem suas vivências. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, conclui-se que a utilização de recursos lúdicos favorece o atendimento psicológico na infância e período de hospitalização.
АНАЛИЗ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОГО НА РОССИЙСКОМ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОМ РЫНКЕ АССОРТИМЕНТА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДЛЯ ВЕТЕРИНАРНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ЗАНИНА И.А. , ЕВСИКОВ Ф.Д.
Published: April 2024

Представлены результаты исследования рынка лекарственных растительных препаратов для ветеринарного применения. Проведен анализ государственного реестра лекарственных средств для ветеринарного применения, который показал, что в гражданском обороте зарегистрировано 2179 препаратов для ветеринарного применения, в том числе 76 препаратов на основе растительного сырья. В структуре предложений доминируют растительные препараты отечественного производства. Выявлено преобладание гомеопатических растительных препаратов в форме растворов для инъекций. Распределение лекарственных растительных препаратов для ветеринарного применения по группам животных установило преимущество препаратов для кошек и собак. Полученные результаты способствуют оптимизации ассортимента ветеринарных препаратов и, как следствие, повышению удовлетворенности их предложением на розничном сегменте рынка.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ЗАНИНА И.А. , АКСЁНОВА Е.С. , СКИБИНА А.А. , ЮНУСОВА А.О. , ЯРИЧИНА О.А.
Published: April 2024

В работе исследована проблема лекарственной ветеринарной помощи. Проведено анкетирование 103 респондентов, имеющих домашних животных. Результаты опроса позволили установить, что для лечения животных ветеринарные врачи назначают медицинские препараты ввиду отсутствия аналогичных ветеринарных препаратов или экономической выгоды для потребителя. Авторами предложена гипотеза о возможности расширения ассортимента лекарственных препаратов для ветеринарного применения за счет упрощенной государственной регистрации лекарственных средств, зарегистрированных в качестве лекарственных средств для медицинского применения, и увеличения физической доступности ветеринарных препаратов посредством предоставления права реализовывать их большему числу розничных организаций на фармацевтическом рынке.
МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СРЕДИ АПТЕЧНЫХ РАБОТНИКОВ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ПРОДУКЦИИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors:   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, МАЛЬЦЕВ Е.А. , КОЛЕСНИКОВ А.С. , ЕРШОВА С.И.
Published: April 2024

Большинство фармацевтических специалистов считают, что на качество фармацевтической продукции оказывают наибольшее влияние субстанции, квалифицированный персонал, современное оборудование, технология производства. Однако, по мнению респондентов, необходимо ужесточение законодательства РФ в области обеспечения качества ЛС при производстве и правил надлежащей производственной практики. Основная часть респондентов уверена, что за последние пять лет качество отечественных лекарственных препаратов повысилось, однако, предпочтение отдают чаще оригинальным импортным препаратам, при этом считая, что они, наряду с дорогостоящими, имеют меньше дефектов.
РОССИЙСКИЙ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЙ РЫНОК ГИПОГЛИКЕМИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors:   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, НИКИТИН Р.О. , ВАРЕНЫХ Г.В. , ФИЛИНА И.А. ,   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,   Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования явилось проведение маркетингового анализа лекарственных препаратов для лечения сахарного диабета 2-го типа, представленных на российском фармацевтическом рынке. Определены основные особенности и тенденции формирования рынка гипогликемических лекарственных препаратов.
АНАЛИЗ АССОРТИМЕНТА МОЧЕГОННЫХ ФИТОПРЕПАРАТОВ В АПТЕКАХ ГОРОДА ОРЛА
Authors:   Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева, ПОЗДНЯКОВА Т.А. , ЦЫГАНОВ В.С.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования явилось изучение ассортимента мочегонных фитопрепаратов, представленных в аптеках г. Орла, для установления степени удовлетворенности спроса и рекомендаций по совершенствованию товарных запасов аптек с целью улучшения качества лекарственного обеспечения населения.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАЛУЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ СИСТЕМОЙ ЛЬГОТНОГО ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ
Authors:   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, УСТИНОВА Л.П. , ФИЛИНА И.А. ,   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,   Орловский государственный университет имени И.С.Тургенева, АНОПОЧКИНА Д.А. ,   Орловский государственный университет имени И.С.Тургенева
Published: April 2024

Результаты анализа удовлетворенности населения Калужской области качеством предоставления услуг по льготному лекарственному обеспечению показали, что многие респонденты имели трудности при записи на прием к врачу, в выписке льготного рецепта, в оформлении рецепта решением ВК, а также получали лекарства несвоевременно.
ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: PRO ET CONTRA
Authors:   Курский государственный медицинский университет, КОРНИЛОВ А.А. , ЖИРОВА А.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки дистанционной формы обучения. Студенты медицинского университета самостоятельно оценивали уровень подготовки, трудностей, удобства. Опрос проводился в формате анкетирования, после обработки результатов было установлено, что как дистанционный, так и традиционный форматы обучения имеют ряд взаимных преимуществ и недостатков. С учетом сложившейся в последние годы эпидемиологической ситуации положительные стороны дистанционного обучения позволили студентам сохранить необходимый уровень подготовки к занятиям, а также сформировать собственное мнение о перспективах внедрения дистанционных технологий в привычный образовательный процесс.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ СЕЛЕНОПИРАНА В КОМПЛЕКСЕ С ß-ЦИКЛОДЕКСТРИНОМ НА КОГНИТИВНЫЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ МЫШЕЙ ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОМ СТЕАТОГЕПАТИТЕ
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14,литер.А, МАТУЗОК Т.М. , ПРИХОДЬКО В.А. , ОКОВИТЫЙ С.В. , БУЮКЛИНСКАЯ О.В.
Published: April 2024

Целью настоящего исследования стало изучение влияния селенопирана в комплексе с ß-циклодекстрином (1:10) на когнитивноповеденческую дисфункцию, ассоциированную с экспериментальным неалкогольным стеатогепатитом (НАСГ). Работа выполнена на 54 взрослых мышах-самцах линии C57BI/6, рандомизированных на группы: 1) Интакт (n=10); 2) НАСГ (n=30); 3) СП (НАСГ + 100 мг/кг/д селенопиран в комплексе с ß-циклодекстрином (1:10) 1 р/д перорально; n=14). НАСГ моделировали в течение 3 мес с помощью комбинированной алиментарно -токсической модели. Для оценки когнитивно-поведенческих нарушений проводили поведенческие тесты. Установлено, что селенопиран в комплексе с ß-циклодекстрином (1:10) не оказывает влияние на проявления когнитивно-мнестического дефицита при экспериментальном НАСГ.
ОСТРЫЕ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ЦЕЛЕБРЕКСА У ВЗРОСЛЫХ ДАНИО РЕРИО В НОВОМ АКВАРИУМНОМ ТЕСТЕ
Authors:   Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им В.А. Алмазова, НЕРУШ М.О.
Published: April 2024

В современной нейробиологии уделяется большое внимание роли воспаления в развитии психических заболеваний, а также новым мишеням и лекарствам, подействующим на них для предотвращения развития психических расстройств. Для большего понимания о пути воздействия на основной фермент воспаления - циклооксигеназу-2 с целью подавления развития психической патологии было проведено исследование на взрослых рыбах данио рерио дикого типа с помощью нового аквариумного теста. Острый эсперимент с последующим статистическим анализом показал, что представитель целекоксибов имеет дозозависимый эффект и способен оказывать успокаивающее действие на рыб.
СОСТОЯНИЕ ОКСИДАТИВНОГО СТАТУСА ПРИ ДИКЛОФЕНАК-ИНДУЦИРОВАННОМ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИИ СЕРДЦА У КРЫС
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ЩЕРБАКОВА О.А. , ОЛЕЙНИК С.А. , КРЫЛЬСКИЙ Е.Д.
Published: April 2024

Проведено исследование активности супероксиддисмутазы и каталазы при введении диклофенака натрия на фоне адъювантного артрита. Показано, что активность супероксиддисмутазы в сыворотке крови и сердце снижалась, а активность каталазы увеличивалась. Наблюдаемый дисбаланс в работе антиоксидантной системы вызван, вероятно, избыточным накоплением активных форм кислорода.
Stimulating Aerobic Energy Supply Reactions of Athletes in Rugby Union
Authors: Kvasnytsya Oleh , Tyshchenko Valeria , Hlukhov Ivan , Drobot Kateryna , Khimich Vita , Mozoliuk Oleksandr , Skrypchenko Iryna
Published: April 2024

Objectives. The study purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental program of training means aimed at stimulating reactions of aerobic energy supply of athletes who are part of Ukraine national rugby union team.
Material and methods. The athletes of the Ukrainian national rugby union team were divided into two homogeneous groups (experimental and control) consisting of 15 individuals. The experimental group underwent a specialized program aimed at developing aerobic energy supply, whereas the control group followed a standard training program. The object of study focused on the training process of Ukraine national rugby union team.
Results. The results of testing rugby players in the experimental group demonstrated reliable changes in reactions of aerobic energy supply under the influence of a program of special training sessions. The most significant alterations were noted in the indicators of kinetics and stability of reactions. The indicators of O2 consumption and pulmonary ventilation in the intensity zone of anaerobic metabolism threshold increased significantly. There was a tendency to increase indicators characterizing the power of the respiratory response (max VE), in particular under conditions of growing fatigue (% excess VE). However, there were no significant changes in indicators of aerobic capacities components in the athletes’ control group.
Conclusions. We believe that the mentioned indicators mostly reflect specialized manifestations of rugby players’ aerobic capacities and impact the increase of athletes’ special functional capabilities.  This has been confirmed by the results of the analysis of urgent adaptive responses registered in model conditions of competition activity. As a result of the implementation of the specified experimental programme during the preparation process, the Ukrainian national team achieved 2nd place at the European Rugby Union Championship in the Trophy division of the 2022-2023 season.
Границы неолиберализма: благосостояние и социальное управление в космических полетах
Authors: Родин Лика
Published: April 2024

Неолиберализм всё больше формирует социальную политику и управление обществом, подчиняя себе человеческую субъективность и эмоциональность под видом социального благополучия и эксплуатируя эти аспекты человеческой жизни в целях получения прибыли. Гуманитарные науки разработали различные концепции социального благополучия, включая теории, которые, кажется, оправдывают неолиберальный порядок. Данное исследование анализирует сильные и слабые стороны теории благополучия, связанной с областью позитивной психологии. Я использую опыт российско-американского сотрудничества в космическом пространстве – программу «Мир-Шаттл» (1994–1997 гг.) – чтобы определить применимость выбранной теории благополучия в контексте требовательной и опасной среды. Набор данных исследования включает три типа источников, используемых на принципе доступности: биографические интервью с участниками программы (проект устной истории Шаттл-Мир НАСА), медиаинтервью с российскими космонавтами и опубликованные автобиографии. Для обработки данных применялся теоретически обоснованный тематический анализ. Результаты показывают, что для объяснения закономерностей в достижении режимов социальной согласованности, интеграции, социальной реализации и вклада во время долгосрочных космических миссий необходим более широкий контекстуализационный подход. Необходимо учитывать культурные, политические, организационные и экзистенциальные измерения. Идеал коллективного усиления, обеспечиваемый взаимным делением, взаимосвязью и доверием, может оспорить текущий императив дисциплинированного самопромоушена.
Дорожная карта экосоциального будущего: политика переосмысления государства всеобщего благосостояния
Authors: Лебедева Дарья
Published: April 2024

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Митрополиты, мудрецы, переводчики в cредневековой Европе
Authors: Бойцов Михаил , Виноградов Андрей
Published: April 2024

В основе книги "Митрополиты, мудрецы, переводчики в cредневековой Европе", продолжающей серию "Polystoria", — исследования, выполненные сотрудниками Лаборатории медиевистических исследований НИУ ВШЭ и их коллегами. Она посвящена различным аспектам культурной, религиозной и политической истории Средневековья и раннего Нового времени на Западе и Востоке Европы. Помимо исследований здесь публикуется первый перевод с латыни на русский язык трактата Бонкомпаньо да Синья "О бедствии старости и дряхлости". Книга адресована историкам, филологам, историкам искусства, религиоведам, культурологам и политологам, а также широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся историей Европы.