bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperialismo, estágio superior do capitalismo: ensaio popular (Resenha)
Authors: Andrade Ricardo Adriano de
Published: January 2019

Resenha do livro "Imperialismo, estágio superior do capitalismo: ensaio popular", por Vladimir Ilitch Ulianov - Lenin, Petrogrado, Rússia, 1917. Edição Brasileira: Expressão Popular, São Paulo, 2012.
POLÍTICA DE QUALIFICAÇÃO PARA O SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO: UMA CRÍTICA AOS LIMITES DO ESTADO MODERNO
Authors: SILVA MARIA FERNANDA
Published: January 2019

Esta dissertação analisa o PLANSEQ - Plano Setorial de Qualificação, voltado para o Setor Sucroalcooleiro Nacional, criado pelo Governo Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva em 2007 como parte do conjunto de ações do PNQ - Plano Nacional de Qualificação (2003). A escolha por este tema foi motivada por nossa pesquisa de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (2009), a qual constatou que o grau de escolaridade dos trabalhadores cortadores de cana, em Alagoas, é baixíssima, geralmente se mantendo entre os primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental e, ainda, que a maior parte dos trabalhadores que diziam ter frequentado a escola por alguns anos eram analfabetos funcionais. Diante disto, resolvemos investigar em nossa pesquisa no Mestrado em Educação Brasileira qual a contrapartida do Estado frente à lamentável situação educacional destes trabalhadores do setor sucroalcooleiro. Pois bem, o PLANSEQ representa esta contrapartida e em decorrência de sua análise, pretendemos demonstrar os limites e as (im)possibilidades do Estado Moderno frente às demandas da classe proletária. Para dar curso à nossa investigação, no primeiro capítulo faremos um apanhado do contexto histórico que dá origem à criação do PLANSEQ: crise estrutural do capital, crise do fordismo e neoliberalismo. No segundo capítulo passaremos à análise documental do PLANSEQ, antes verificando as diretrizes do plano que a ele dá origem, o PNQ. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, apontaremos quais os limites que as políticas estatais contém em si mesmas quando se trata de atender aos interesses da classe proletária. Nossa metodologia foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e nosso método de análise do real foi a ontologia marxiana.
A CIÊNCIA E A EDUCAÇÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA DE CLASSE: A GREVE DOS DOCENTES DA IFE – INSTITUIÇÕES FEDERAIS DE ENSINO
Authors: Figueiredo Júlio Carlos
Published: January 2019

Este artigo desenvolve o argumento de que a greve dos docentes das IFE – Instituições Federais de Ensino indica o início de um novo período da luta de classes no país ainda que avalie que o seu desfecho inclua a possibilidade de ampliação de dificuldades caso seja aprovado o plano de carreira do governo. O período histórico apresentado pelo artigo considera a greve dos petroleiros e a reforma do Estado do governo FHC em 1995 como referência para a análise do significado do movimento atual que alcançou, no final do mês de agosto deste ano, mais de cem dias de duração. Parte da concepção de que a formação da consciência de classe, a organização e a luta dos trabalhadores estão diretamente vinculadas à viabilidade de um projeto emancipador que defina os rumos da produção científica e da educação em geral.
ESTADO, MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: UMA SINTONIA COM O IMPERIALISMO
Authors: Sousa Marilsa Miranda de
Published: January 2019

O trabalho centra-se nas políticas públicas impostas pelo imperialismo e nas relações semifeudais e semicoloniais do capitalismo burocrático brasileiro. A pesquisa identifica que as políticas do Banco Mundial, estão presentes em todos os municípios do Estado de Rondônia, que se fundamentam no neoprodutivismo (neopragmatismo e neotecnicismo) propagados no Brasil pelo ideário pós-moderno, a partir da década de 1990. Essas políticas foram implantadas arbitrariamente pelo poder coronelício existente em todo território brasileiro. O estudo demonstra que as pedagogias do campo propostas pela Via Campesina não diferem da educação burguesa pós-moderna imposta pelo imperialismo às semicolônias.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE INDIVÍDUO E SOCIEDADE NA PERSPECTIVA MARXIANA
Authors: Santos Neto Artur Bispo
Published: January 2019

O presente texto tem como propósito tratar da relação dialética entre indivíduo e sociedade na história da sociedade de classes. Numa clara ruptura com a mistificação da história encetada pela burguesia, Marx defende uma concepção de história fundada nas relações de produção e no desenvolvimento das relações sociais, em que o papel do indivíduo é relativizado, pois a história emerge da unidade de interesses e forças contrapostas e não do interesse pessoal de certos indivíduos. Por fim, para apontar a relevância da participação da individualidade plenamente conectada à universalidade concreta na atualidade, o artigo recorre à experiência histórica das mães da Praça de Maio, na Argentina.
FORMAÇÃO HUMANA: UMA CATEGORIA DE MÉTODO E DE OBJETO PARA O ESTUDO SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pereira Franco de Oliveira Juliana
Published: January 2019

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma possibilidade sobre o estudo de categorias tomando a formação humana como objeto base para esse ensaio. As categorias são ferramentas do pensamento organizado para pensar a realidade. Elas podem referir-se ao próprio objeto, ou seja, categorias de objeto cujo domínio implica na compreensão das propriedades do objeto estudado, ou podem ser categorias próprias do método de análise utilizado, ou seja, as categorias que analisam o objeto segundo as relações que o envolvem. A defesa de que a formação humana é tanto uma categoria de objeto como uma categoria de método resulta no estudo da educação na perspectiva da totalidade, pois permite analisar a formação humana como uma das finalidades da educação e como uma das propriedades do objeto que precisa ser entendido historicamente.

 
Resenha da obra: FONTES, Virgínia. O Brasil e o capital-imperialismo: teoria e história. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: EPSJV/Editora UFRJ, 2010, 388p.
Authors: Ribeiro Guimarães Maria Clariça
Published: January 2019

Virgínia Fontes, historiadora, doutora em Filosofia pela Universidade de Paris, professora no Programa de Pós Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) e integrante do corpo docente da Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes, objetiva, na obra ora resenhada, desvendar origens e engrenagens que constituem o capital-imperialismo, sem desconsiderar que este se particulariza na América Latina e no Brasil. Adota, assim, como metodologia o retorno aos clássicos do pensamento crítico, em especial Marx, Lênin e Gramsci. Na presente resenha, apresentamos a obra e tecemos alguns comentários a respeito da elaboração da autora.
ENSINO POLITÉCNICO: UMA LEITURA SOBRE TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Corrêa Raquel Folmer
Published: January 2019

O artigo busca compreender os modos pelos quais a tecnologia é entendida na proposta de ensino médio politécnico do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A investigação faz parte dos debates que problematizam a tecnologia em contextos educacionais. O suporte teórico e metodológico é derivado de leituras sobre a perspectiva marxista da educação, a educação CTS e a análise de discurso francesa. Foi verificado que a tecnologia é compreendida de modo generalizado na proposta politécnica examinada. A leitura realizada permitiu uma reflexão acerca das possibilidades e limites dessa proposta tendo em vista uma formação humana crítica, integral e permanente no contexto brasileiro. 
Prototyping of Superhydrophobic Surfaces from Structure‐Tunable Micropillar Arrays Using Visible Light Photocuring
Authors: Li Hansheng , Chen Fu‐Hao , Biria Saeid , Hosein Ian D.
Published: January 2019

A new approach is reported to fabricate micropillar arrays on transparent surfaces by employing the light‐induced self‐writing technique. A periodic array of microscale optical beams is transmitted through a thin film of photo‐crosslinking acrylate resin. Each beam undergoes self‐lensing associated to photopolymerization‐induced changes in the refractive index of the medium, which counters the beam's natural tendency to diverge over space. As a result, a microscale pillar grows along each beam's propagation path. Concurrent, parallel self‐writing of micropillars leads to the prototyping of micropillar‐based arrays, with the capability to precisely vary the pillar diameter and inter‐spacing. The arrays are spray coated with a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles to create large‐area superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles greater than 150° and low contact angle hysteresis. High transparency is achieved over the entire range of micropillar arrays explored. The arrays are also mechanically durable and robust against abrasion. This is a scalable, straightforward approach toward structure‐tunable micropillar arrays for functional surfaces and anti‐wetting applications.
Cobalt‐Doped SnS2 with Dual Active Centers of Synergistic Absorption‐Catalysis Effect for High‐S Loading Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Yang Xiaofei , Li Minsi , Sun Qian , Liang Jianneng , Luo Jing , Wang Jiwei , Li Weihan , Liang Jianwen , Liu Yulong , Wang Sizhe , Hu Yongfeng , Xiao Qunfeng , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang
Published: January 2019

The application of Li‐S batteries is hindered by low sulfur utilization and rapid capacity decay originating from slow electrochemical kinetics of polysulfide transformation to Li2S at the second discharge plateau around 2.1 V and harsh shuttling effects for high‐S‐loading cathodes. Herein, a cobalt‐doped SnS2 anchored on N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT@Co‐SnS2) substrate is rationally designed as both a polysulfide shield to mitigate the shuttling effects and an electrocatalyst to improve the interconversion kinetics from polysulfides to Li2S. As a result, high‐S‐loading cathodes are demonstrated to achieve good cycling stability with high sulfur utilization. It is shown that Co‐doping plays an important role in realizing high initial capacity and good capacity retention for Li‐S batteries. The S/NCNT@Co‐SnS2 cell (3 mg cm−2 sulfur loading) delivers a high initial specific capacity of 1337.1 mA h g−1 (excluding the Co‐SnS2 capacity contribution) and 1004.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 1.3 mA cm−2, while the counterpart cell (S/NCNT@SnS2) only shows an initial capacity of 1074.7 and 843 mA h g−1 at the 100th cycle. The synergy effect of polysulfide confinement and catalyzed polysulfide conversion provides an effective strategy in improving the electrochemical performance for high‐sulfur‐loading Li‐S batteries.
4D Corneal Tissue Engineering: Achieving Time‐Dependent Tissue Self‐Curvature through Localized Control of Cell Actuators
Authors: Miotto Martina , Gouveia Ricardo M. , Ionescu Ana M. , Figueiredo Francisco , Hamley Ian W. , Connon Che J.
Published: January 2019

While tissue engineering is widely used to construct complex tridimensional biocompatible structures, researchers are now attempting to extend the technique into the fourth dimension. Such fourth dimension consists in the transformation of 3D materials over time, namely, by changing their shape, composition, and/or function when subjected to specific external stimuli. Herein, producing a 4D biomaterial with an internal mechanism of stimulus, using contractile cells as bio‐actuators to change tissue shape and structure, is explored. Specifically, producing cornea‐shaped, curved stromal tissue equivalents via the controlled, cell‐driven curving of collagen‐based hydrogels. This is achieved by modulating the activity of the bio‐actuators in delimited regions of the gels using a contraction‐inhibiting peptide amphiphile. The self‐curved constructs are then characterized in terms of cell and collagen fibril reorganization, gel stiffness, cell phenotype, and the ability to sustain the growth of a corneal epithelium in vitro. Overall, the results show that the structural and mechanical properties of self‐curved gels acquired through a 4D engineering method are more similar to those of the native tissue, and represent a significant improvement over planar 3D scaffolds. In this perspective, the study demonstrates the great potential of cell bio‐actuators for 4D tissue engineering applications.
Chem‐Bonding and Phys‐Trapping Se Electrode for Long‐Life Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wu Tianjing , Ding Zhiying , Jing Mingjun , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Tian Ye , Jiang Yunlin , Hong Wanwan , Ji Xiaobo
Published: January 2019

Selenium‐carbon materials present an interesting opportunity for rechargeable battery systems. They are usually obtained through infusing elemental Se into various carbon sources. Herein, a self‐thermal‐reduction method is successfully applied to prepare covalent Se carbon material (CPSe, Se: 10.8 wt%) utilizing polyselenophene (PSe) as a dual source of selenium and carbon matrix, in which selenium is mainly present with the form of CSe bond. Interestingly, most of them are found to break away from the carbon skeleton as the discharge voltage is gradually scanned down to a lower stage, and then selenide is progressively oxidized to elemental Se in the charge process. Furthermore, employing a space‐confined strategy, a high Se mass loading composite (Se‐CPSe, 56.8 wt%) is effectively produced with the simultaneous introduction of covalent Se and physical‐trapped Se. In this electrode, the physical‐restricted Se part exhibits a reversible capacity of 420 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for the Na‐Se battery. More significantly, after being activated at 0.01–3.0 V in the initial cycles, the electrochemical cleaved covalent Se and physical‐confined Se can jointly contribute specific capacity of ≈590 mA h g−1. Such strategies and understanding are important for the future design and optimization of electrode materials for Na‐Se batteries.
Transition‐Metal Oxynitride: A Facile Strategy for Improving Electrochemical Capacitor Storage
Authors: Wang Shouzhi , Li Lili , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Lei , Li Yanlu , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2019

The use of transition‐metal oxide (TMO) as an extended‐life electrochemical energy storage material remains challenging because TMO undergoes volume expansion during energy storage. In this work, a transition‐metal oxynitride layer (TMON, M: Fe, Co, Ni, and V) was synthesized on TMO nanowires to address the crucial issue of volume expansion. The unique oxynitride layer possesses numerous active sites, excellent conductivity, and outstanding stability. These characteristics enhance specific capacitance and alleviate volume expansion effectively. Specifically, the specific capacity of the TMON electrode is enhanced by approximately twofold relative to that of its corresponding oxide. Notably, the capacitance of the TMON remains above 94% even after 10 000 cycles. This result indicates that the cycling performance of the TMON electrode is superior to that of its corresponding oxide. First‐principles and quantitative kinetics analyses are performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the improved electrochemical performances of the TMON layers. Results demonstrate that the proposed TMON layer has attractive applications in the fields of energy storage, conversion, and beyond.
On‐Site Surface Coordination Complexation via Mechanochemistry for Versatile Metal–Phenolic Networks Films
Authors: Kang Junjie , Bai Guoqiang , Ma Shuanhong , Liu Xinghuan , Ma Zhiyuan , Guo Xuhong , Wang Xiaolong , Dai Bin , Zhou Feng , Jia Xin
Published: January 2019

The development of functional metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) films by a simple and green strategy on metallic plane substrates for surface modification is a big challenge. Herein, tribochemistry, as an effective and robust method to prepare MPNs films with versatile applications and controllable thickness (≈1.5 nm to 2.2 µm) by surface coordination complexation derived from tannic acid (TA) and metal oxides or ions (M) on plane substrates, is reported. The mechanism of the formation of TA‐M films is investigated in detail, showing that films are constructed by two‐layer structures. At the bottom of films, the chelation of TA active moieties and M is triggered by friction, facilitating the coating growth and reducing the friction coefficient. There is a downward trend in the concentration of M with the thickness of films increasing, which is attributed to the diffusion of metal ions. As a result, the dominant structure of films changes into the hydrogen bonding or π–π stacking interaction among oligomers derived from coupling of the TA active moieties. Such facile surface modification strategy can broaden in situ mechanochemical synthesis of functional layers and open a promising route for the design of patterning, antifouling, and controlled release coatings.
Toward Functional Synthetic Cells: In‐Depth Study of Nanoparticle and Enzyme Diffusion through a Cross‐Linked Polymersome Membrane
Authors: Gumz Hannes , Boye Susanne , Iyisan Banu , Krönert Vera , Formanek Petr , Voit Brigitte , Lederer Albena , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: January 2019

Understanding the diffusion of nanoparticles through permeable membranes in cell mimics paves the way for the construction of more sophisticated synthetic protocells with control over the exchange of nanoparticles or biomacromolecules between different compartments. Nanoparticles postloading by swollen pH switchable polymersomes is investigated and nanoparticles locations at or within polymersome membrane and polymersome lumen are precisely determined. Validation of transmembrane diffusion properties is performed based on nanoparticles of different origin—gold, glycopolymer protein mimics, and the enzymes myoglobin and esterase—with dimensions between 5 and 15 nm. This process is compared with the in situ loading of nanoparticles during polymersome formation and analyzed by advanced multiple‐detector asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4). These experiments are supported by complementary i) release studies of protein mimics from polymersomes, ii) stability and cyclic pH switches test for in polymersome encapsulated myoglobin, and iii) cryogenic transmission electron microscopy studies on nanoparticles loaded polymersomes. Different locations (e.g., membrane and/or lumen) are identified for the uptake of each protein. The protein locations are extracted from the increasing scaling parameters and the decreasing apparent density of enzyme‐containing polymersomes as determined by AF4. Postloading demonstrates to be a valuable tool for the implementation of cell‐like functions in polymersomes.
Laser Sintering of Zn Microparticles and Its Application in Printable Biodegradable Electronics
Authors: Feng Shuxuan , Tian Zishen , Wang Jing , Cao Shitai , Kong Desheng
Published: January 2019

The rapid expansion of electronic technology and short lifespan of consumer devices create a huge amount of electronic waste. The disposal of discarded devices represents a serious environmental challenge. Biodegradable devices are able to decompose into benign components after a period of stable operation during its service life, which represents a potential solution to reduce the environmental footprint of electronic technology. The widespread applications of biodegradable electronics are still hampered by the lack of facile manufacturing approach for high quality devices. Here, a laser sintering technique to weld naturally oxidized Zn microparticles into biodegradable conductors is reported. The sintering process is carried out under ambient conditions and compatible with various biodegradable substrates. A low‐cost fabrication procedure involving stencil printing and laser treatment is established to create conductive features with excellent conductivity and mechanical durability. The practical suitability of printed Zn conductor is demonstrated by fabricating near‐field communication tags, which are flexible and fully functional with the transient behavior modulated by the choice of packaging materials. The printed biodegradable conductor may find potential applications in eco‐friendly sensors, transient printed circuit boards, and implantable medical devices.
Modulating Electrical Performances of In2O3 Nanofiber Channel Thin Film Transistors via Sr Doping
Authors: Song Longfei , Luo Linqu , Li Xuan , Liu Di , Han Ning , Liu Lei , Qin Yuanbin , Ho Johnny C. , Wang Fengyun
Published: January 2019

Although In2O3 nanofibers (NFs) are considered as one of the fundamental building blocks for future electronics, the further development of these NFs devices is still seriously hindered by the large leakage current, low on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff), and large negative threshold voltage (VTH) due to the excess carriers existed in the NFs. A simple one‐step electrospinning process is employed here to effectively control the carrier concentration of In2O3 NFs by selectively doping strontium (Sr) element to improve their electrical device performance. The optimal devices (3.6 mol% Sr doping concentration) can yield the high field‐effect mobility (μfe ≈ 3.67 cm2 V−1 s−1), superior Ion/Ioff ratio (≈108), and operation in the energy‐efficient enhancement‐mode. High‐κ Al2O3 thin films can also be employed as the gate dielectric to give the gate voltage greatly reduced by 10× (from 40 to 4 V) and the μfe substantially increased by 4.8× (to 17.2 cm2 V−1 s−1). The electrospun E‐mode Sr‐In2O3 NF field‐effect transistors (NFFETs) can as well be integrated into full swing of inverters with excellent performances, further elucidating the significant advance of this electrospinning technique toward practical applications for future low‐cost, energy‐efficient, large‐scale, and high‐performance electronics.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Induced Micro‐Electric Field for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Liang Qinghua , Wang Bo , Tao Ying , Zhao Yufeng , Lv Wei , Liu Donghai , Zhang Chen , Weng Zhe , Liang Jiachen , Li Huan , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: January 2019

Uncontrolled dendrites resulting from nonuniform lithium (Li) nucleation/growth and Li volume expansion during charging cause serious safety problems for Li anode‐based batteries. Here the coating of nickel foam with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) to have a 3D current collector (g‐C3N4@Ni foam) for dendrite‐free Li metal anodes is reported. The lithiophilic g‐C3N4 coupled with the 3D framework is demonstrated to be highly effective for promoting the uniform deposition of Li and suppressing the formation of dendrites. Both density functional theory calculations and experimental studies indicate the formation of a micro‐electric field resulting from the tri‐s‐triazine units of g‐C3N4, which induces numerous Li nuclei during the initial nucleation stage, effectively guiding the following Li growth on the 3D Ni foam to be well distributed. Furthermore, the 3D porous framework is favorable for absorbing any volume change and stabilizing the solid–electrolyte interphase layer during repeated Li plating/stripping. As such, a Li metal anode based on the g‐C3N4@Ni foam has a remarkable electrochemical performance with a high Coulombic efficiency (98% retention after 300 cycles), an ultralong lifespan up to 900 h, as well as a low overpotential (<15 mV at 1.0 mA cm−2) at a Li deposition of 9.0 mA h cm−2.
Allogeneic CAR T cell therapies for leukemia
Authors: Qasim Waseem
Published: January 2019

Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells can offer advantages over autologous T cell therapies, including the availability of “fit” cells for production, and elimination of risks associated with inadvertent transduction of leukemic blasts. However, allogeneic T cell therapies must address HLA barriers and conventionally rely on the availability of a suitable HLA‐matched donor if graft‐vs‐host‐disease and rejection effects are to be avoided. More recently, the incorporation of additional genome editing manipulations, to disrupt T cell receptor expression and address other critical pathways have been explored. Clinical trials are underway investigating non‐HLA matched T cells expressing anti‐CD19 CARs for the treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and anti‐CD123 CAR for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Such approaches continue to be refined and improved to widen accessibility and reduce the cost of T cell therapies for a wider range of conditions.
Bone marrow transplantation for adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease: Results of a prospective multicenter pilot study
Authors: Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Neuberg Donna S. , Sullivan Keith M. , Kamani Naynesh R. , Abraham Allistair , Campigotto Federico , Zhang Wandi , Dahdoul Thabat , De Castro Laura , Parikh Suhag , Bakshi Nitya , Haight Ann , Hassell Kathryn L. , Loving Rebekah , Rosenthal Joseph , Smith Shannon L. , Smith Wally , Spearman Marcus , Stevenson Kristen , Wu Catherine J. , Wiedl Christina , Waller Edmund K. , Walters Mark C.
Published: January 2019

We conducted a multicenter pilot investigation of the safety and feasibility of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in adults with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) (NCT 01565616) using a reduced toxicity preparative regimen of busulfan (13.2 mg/kg), fludarabine (175 mg/m2) and thymoglobulin (6 mg/kg) and cyclosporine or tacrolimus and methotrexate for graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Twenty‐two patients (median age 22 years; range 17‐36) were enrolled at eight centers. Seventeen patients received marrow from an HLA‐identical sibling donor and five patients received marrow from an 8/8 HLA‐allele matched unrelated donor. Before BMT, patients had stroke, acute chest syndrome, recurrent pain events, were receiving regular red blood cell transfusions, or had an elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet (TRJ) velocity, which fulfilled eligibility criteria. Four patients developed grades II‐III acute GVHD (18%) and six developed chronic GVHD (27%) that was moderate in two and severe in one patient. One patient died of intracranial hemorrhage and one of GVHD. Nineteen patients had stable donor chimerism, 1‐year post‐transplant. One patient who developed secondary graft failure survives disease‐free after a second BMT. The one‐year overall survival and event‐free survival (EFS) are 91% (95% CI 68%‐98%) and 86% (95% CI, 63%‐95%), respectively, and 3‐year EFS is 82%. Statistically significant improvements in the pain interference and physical function domains of health‐related quality of life were observed. The study satisfied the primary endpoint of 1‐year EFS ≥70%. This regimen is being studied in a prospective clinical trial comparing HLA‐matched donor BMT with standard of care in adults with severe SCD (NCT02766465).
Conference summary: What we have learned and where we are headed
Authors: Maslen Cheryl L.
Published: January 2019

This overview highlights the actionable near‐term objectives for the TRN drawn from discussions in the breakout sessions. A major purpose of the symposium was to focus attention on establishing priorities, setting goals, and identifying the steps toward accomplishing those goals. Two major objectives were identified. One is to establish Turner syndrome as a priority area of research for the National Institutes of Health. Turner syndrome should not only be viewed as a rare disorder, but also as a model for common diseases that have a male sex bias in the general population attributable to the lack of a second X chromosome. Barriers to recognition of Turner syndrome as an important area of research were identified, and new approaches to enhancing visibility are discussed. The second major objective is to further development of the Turner Syndrome Research Registry (TSRR). This patient‐powered research registry is a paradigm‐shifting model for how human‐based research can be improved through equal partnerships between researchers and study subjects. The TSRR is founded on an agreement that study participants are the ultimate owners of their personal data. The major challenges to establishing a maximally functional registry of this design were discussed, and a clear path forward was established.
Mechanically fabricated Metal–organic framework/resin composite nanoparticles for efficient basic catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Qian Bing‐Bing , Sheng Pan‐Pan , Yang Sen , Huang Xian‐Feng , Wang Jin‐Long , Chen Qun , Wang Liang , He Ming‐Yang
Published: January 2019

Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) was successfully composited with an anionic basic resin 201 × 7 (717‐resin) to provide a novel ZIF‐8/717‐resin composite. Its catalytic activity toward the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was evaluated. Results showed that ZIF‐8/717‐resin composite could efficiently catalyze this reaction, affording the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Good functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, good stability and reusability of the catalyst are the major features of present protocol.
In‐Situ covalent synthesis of gold nanorods on GO surface as ultrasensitive Raman probe
Authors: Guo Jian , Yan Li , Geng Jian , Zhu Geng , Han Guo‐Zhi
Published: January 2019

In this paper, using thiolated graphene oxide (GO‐O‐SH) as substrate, gold nanorods (AuNRs) covalently linked to the GO surface by in‐situ seed growth method were first reported. The as‐prepared composites were characterized by UV–vis spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Experimental results indicated that the introduction of short flexible organic chain between GO and AuNRs contributed to the homogenous synthesis of gold rods, and uniform gold nanorods with aspect ratio within 3~8 were covalently linked to the surface of GO with high stability and yield. The strategy represented an outstanding improvement in comparison to the traditional route for fabricating GO@AuNRs composites. Furthermore, based on coupling of the two nanomaterials, the composites could act as high sensitive Raman probe with limit of detection (LOD) reaching 1 × 10−12 M.
Glycerol and Acetate Additions to Maximize Lipid Content in High‐Density Cultures of Phagotrophic Alga Ochromonas danica
Authors: Lin Zhongye , Li Cong , Ju Lu‐Kwang
Published: January 2019

Waste organics conversion to algal lipid is environmentally friendly and it promotes sustainability. Achieving high‐lipid content in cells is crucial to the economic feasibility of algal lipid production and collection. Here, a phagotrophic microalga Ochromonas danica was grown on waste ketchup and then stimulated to accumulate high‐lipid content using glycerol and acetate. Individually, glycerol and acetate could increase lipid synthesis. Sequential glycerol‐then‐acetate addition was more effective; for an O. danica culture with 0.25 g L−1 cells, the intracellular lipid content was increased to 70–80% (w/w) in 6–12 hours. However, acetate added at >1 g L−1 damaged cells. For high‐density (25 g L−1) fermentations, glycerol and acetate addition strategies were evaluated to overcome this inhibition. Results indicated that glycerol could be added in batches or continuously as long as the amount was sufficient to satisfy the glycerol consumption rate of 6 mg (g cells‐hour)−1 while acetic acid needed to be added continuously, optimal at a rate of 0.27–0.30 g hour−1 or 12–14 mg (g cells‐hour)−1. Intracellular lipid content could reach 70–80% after 2‐day supplementation of glycerol and acetic acid. The methods of glycerol/acetate additions developed here enhance algal lipid production and enable effective conversion of organic wastes to algal lipids as sustainable bioproducts.
Effect of aromatic substitution on the kinetics and properties of epoxy cured tri‐phenylether amines
Authors: Varley Russell J. , Dao Buu , Tucker Sam , Christensen Steve , Wiggins Jeffrey , Dingemans Theo , Vogel Wouter , Marchetti Martino , Madzarevic Zeljka
Published: January 2019

The reaction kinetics and structure property relationships of isomeric tri‐aromatic ether‐linked amines based on the structure bis (aminophenoxy) benzene, cured with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (BisF) are investigated in this study. Reaction kinetics are explored using rheological and calorimetric measurements, whereas structure property relationships are determined from their flexural properties, dynamic mechanical properties (DMTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A BisF network cured with 4,4 diamino diphenyl sulphone (44 DDS) is used as a benchmark to represent a commercially available high‐performance resin system. Varying the substitution of the ether linkages on the aromatic groups from ortho, meta to para was found to have a significant impact on reactivity and network properties after cure. The variations are explained in terms of inductive and resonance effects primarily acting on the outer aromatic rings. Interestingly, however, these same effects acting on the central aromatic ring also impact upon reactivity despite their proximity from the amines. Mechanical and thermal properties are explained by changes in the short‐range molecular mobility within the network architecture such as phenylene rotations or π flips and are experimentally validated from the breadth and position of the subambient γ relaxations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47383.
Small worlds in a distant land: International newcomer students' local information behaviors in unfamiliar environments
Authors: Oh Chi Young , Butler Brian
Published: January 2019

International students face various challenges in their new countries, but research is less clear about their challenges in information behaviors. This article fills this gap by examining information behaviors of international newcomer students during adjustment to local environments, that is, local information behavior (LIB). Drawing on prior work, we focus on the local co‐national context—the degree to which there are co‐nationals available in one's local environments—to analyze the LIBs of 149 first‐year graduate students and 57 follow‐up interviewees, who were classified into: International‐common group (students from China, India, and Korea—with many local co‐nationals), International‐less‐common group (students from other countries—with fewer local co‐nationals), and Domestic‐out‐of‐state group (students from other U.S. states; control group). We identify differences in international newcomer students' use of information sources during adjustment and the role that local co‐national contexts play in these differences. These results suggest ways that information scholars and practitioners might account for the influences of local co‐national contexts when examining information behaviors of internationally mobile students and designing systems and services for newcomers from around the world.
The rate of early neurological deterioration occurring after thrombolytic therapy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hou Xiaowen , Chen Wanli , Xu Haibin , Zhu Zhi , Xu Yuanyuan , Chen Huisheng
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The rate of early neurological deterioration (END) occurring after thrombolytic therapy is controversial. To explore a more precise estimation of the rate, a meta‐analysis was conducted in the present study.

Methods

The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Collaboration Database up to June 2018. The definition of END was prespecified according to the most commonly used definition: ≥4‐point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale between admission and 24 hr. The meta‐analysis was performed by using the STATA 12.

Results

Eleven studies with a total of 3,539 subjects, including 373 patients with END and 3,166 patients without END, were collected. The pooled analysis showed that the rate of END occurring after thrombolytic therapy was about 11.0% (95% CI: 7.8%–14.3%). Subgroup analysis by continent showed that the rate of END occurring after thrombolytic therapy of patients in Asia (15.9%, 95% CI: 7.4%–24.5%) was higher than in Europe (7.6%, 95% CI: 4.9%–10.3%) and in North America (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.5%–15.0%). Subgroup analysis by onset to treatment time (OTT) displayed that the rate of END occurring after thrombolytic therapy was 5.4% (95% CI: 1.2%–9.5%), 15.6% (95% CI: 9.6%–21.5%), and 18.5% (95% CI: 11.2%–25.8%) for the patients whose OTT ≤120.0 min, from 120.1 to 179.9 min, from 180.0 to 270.0 min, respectively.

Conclusion

The rate of END occurring after thrombolytic therapy is about 11.0%. This finding may provide a scientific reference for researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy.
Assessment of 4‐Aminoantipyrine Degradation and Mineralization by Photoelectro‐Fenton with a Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode: Optimization, Treatment in Municipal Secondary Effluent, and Toxicity
Authors: da Silva Lucas M. , Gozzi Fábio , Cavalcante Rodrigo P. , de Oliveira Silvio C. , Brillas Enric , Sirés Ignasi , Machulek Amilcar
Published: January 2019

4‐Aminoantipyrine (4‐AA), a persistent metabolite of dipyrone found in natural water, has been treated in 100 mL of aqueous 0.050 M Na2SO4 solutions at pH 3.0 by photoelectro‐Fenton (PEF) with a 4 W UVA lamp. The assays were performed in a cell equipped with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air‐diffusion cathode for H2O2 generation. The formation of an unstable Fe(III)‐4‐AA complex with 1 : 2 molar ratio was evidenced. A 24 central composite design was used to assess the effect of four independent variables on PEF performance. The optimized conditions for 62.5 mg L−1 4‐AA were: current density of 77.5 mA cm−2 and 47.75 mg L−1 Fe2+, yielding 99 % 4‐AA degradation at 7 min, and 45 % 4‐AA mineralization with 3.2 % mineralization current efficiency at 130 min. Slightly slower degradation and similar mineralization were obtained under these conditions when 4‐AA was spiked into a municipal secondary effluent, showing a low influence of natural organic matter on PEF. The initially high acute toxicity determined using Artemia salina was largely diminished upon PEF treatment.
Modelling of H2 consumption and process optimization for hydrotreating of light gas oils
Authors: Pinos Adrian A. Rodriguez , Badoga Sandeep , Dalai Ajay K. , Adjaye John
Published: January 2019

Hydrogen consumption regression models were developed for the hydrotreating of various light gas oil streams derived from Canadian oil sands including virgin light gas oil (VLGO), hydrocracker light gas oil (HLGO), coker light gas oil (KLGO), and a partially hydrotreated heavy gas oil (PHTHGO) stream over commercial NiMo/ɣ‐Al2O3 in a micro‐trickle bed reactor. The experiments were designed by central composite design (CCD) and covered a wide range of temperatures (353–387 °C), pressures (8.27–10.12 MPa), and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) (0.7–2.3 h−1), at H2/oil ratio = 600 m3 H2/m3 oil. A composite regression model comprising of all four feed streams was also developed and tested against a new batch of experimental data. The composite model compared favourably with the experimental data. In addition, the composite model fits better than similar correlations from the literature.

The effects of process conditions on hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and hydrodearomatization (HDA) conversions were also studied in this work. Based on the experimental data, regression models were developed for each feedstock to obtain the optimum conditions to maximize hydrotreating conversions.
Adsorption of naphthenic acids from oil sand process‐affected water with water‐insoluble poly(β‐cyclodextrin‐citric acid)
Authors: Liang Hao , Zou Changjun
Published: January 2019

With polyvinyl alcohol as the main chain, a water‐insoluble poly(β‐cyclodextrin‐citric acid) was prepared as a supramolecular adsorbent for the treatment of oil sand process‐affected water (OSPW) containing naphthenic acids (NAs). FT‐IR, TGA, and SEM were used for the characterization of adsorbent, and an automatic infrared oil analyzer was used to monitor the concentration change of NAs in the water. The adsorption behaviour and mechanism were explored by adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies. The results showed that the adsorption process could be described well with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and quasi‐second‐order kinetic model, which indicated that the host‐guest interaction of β‐cyclodextrin promoted the adsorption of NAs. The discussion regarding pH indicated that the neutral condition (pH = 7) was considered the best. In addition, a molecular dynamics simulation was carried out using a Materials Studio package purchased from Accelrys to verify that the structure with polyvinyl alcohol as main chain was beneficial to adsorption. The excellent adsorption capacity (qmax was 193.42 mg · g−1) and reusability of the poly(β‐cyclodextrin‐citric acid) indicated its potential as practical adsorbent for the treatment of OSPW.
Low serum albumin: A significant predictor of reduced survival in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Gotsman Israel , Shauer Ayelet , Zwas Donna R. , Tahiroglu Ilgar , Lotan Chaim , Keren Andre
Published: January 2019

Background

Low serum albumin is common in patients with chronic heart failure (HF).

Hypothesis

Albumin may have an impact on clinical outcome in HF. We evaluated the effect of albumin levels on clinical outcome in a real‐world cohort of patients with HF.

Methods

All patients with HF at a health maintenance organization were followed for cardiac‐related hospitalizations and death.

Results

A total of 5779 HF patients were included in the study; mean follow‐up was 576 days; median serum albumin was 4.0 g/dL (interquartile range 3.7‐4.2), and 12% of the patients had hypoalbuminemia (albumin<3.5 g/dL). Low albumin was associated with increasing age, higher urea and C‐reactive protein, lower sodium, hemoglobin, iron, less treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, reduced right ventricular function, and pulmonary hypertension. Cox regression analysis after adjustment for significant predictors demonstrated that decreasing quartiles of albumin was significantly associated with mortality: Lowest quartile compared to highest: hazard ratio (HR) 5.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.08 to 8.07, P < 0.001. Cox regression analysis of albumin as a continuous parameter using restricted cubic splines after adjustment for significant parameters demonstrated that reduced albumin levels were directly associated with increased mortality (P < 0.001 for the adjusted model). Decreasing quartiles of albumin were also a significant predictor of increased cardiac‐related hospitalizations. A decrease in albumin on follow‐up was an independent predictor of increased mortality by Cox regression analysis: HR 2.58, 95% CI 2.12 to 3.14, P < 0.001.

Conclusions

Low albumin provides important information regarding several detrimental processes in HF and is a significant predictor of a worse outcome in these patients.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 3′‐Fluoro‐4′‐modified‐5′‐norcarbocyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates
Authors: Geant Pierre‐Yves , Kaci Malika , Uttaro Jean‐Pierre , Périgaud Christian , Mathé Christophe
Published: January 2019

The synthesis and anti‐HIV evaluation of hitherto unknown 3′‐fluoro‐5′‐norcarbocyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing adenine with modifications at the 4′ position (ethynyl, vinyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl) is described. One of the synthesized compounds was found to be an inhibitor of HIV‐1 replication, but with moderate efficiency relative to (R)‐9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ((R)‐PMPA, tenofovir), with no concomitant cytotoxicity.
Impact of tumor, treatment, and access on outcomes in bladder cancer: Can equal access overcome race‐based differences in survival?
Authors: Cole Alexander P. , Fletcher Sean A. , Berg Sebastian , Nabi Junaid , Mahal Brandon A. , Sonpavde Guru P. , Nguyen Paul L. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Sun Maxine , Choueiri Toni K. , Preston Mark A. , Kibel Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien
Published: January 2019

Background

There are race‐based differences in bladder cancer survival. To better understand this phenomenon, this study was designed to assess the statistical contributions of tumor, treatment, and access variables to race‐based differences in survival.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Cancer Data Base on black and white adults with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer from 2004 to 2015. The impact of tumor, access, and treatment variables on differences in survival was inferred by the performance of sequential propensity score–weighted analyses in which black and white patients were balanced with respect to demographics and health status (comorbidities) tumor characteristics, treatment, and access‐related variables. The propensity score–weighted hazard of death (black vs white) was calculated after each iteration.

Results

This study identified 44,577 patients with a median follow‐up of 77 months. After demographics and health status were balanced, black race was associated with 18% worse mortality (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐1.25; P < .001). Balancing by tumor characteristics reduced this to 16%, balancing by treatment reduced this to 10%, and balancing by access‐related variables resulted in no difference. Access‐related variables explained 40% (95% CI, 22.9%‐57.0%) of the excess risk of death in blacks, whereas treatment factors explained 35% (95% CI, 22.2%‐46.9%). The contribution of tumor characteristics was not significant.

Conclusions

In the models, differences in survival for black and white patients with bladder cancer are best explained by disparities in access and treatment, not tumor characteristics. Access to care is likely a key factor in racial disparities in cancer.
Single‐item discrimination of quality‐of‐life–altering dysphagia among 714 long‐term oropharyngeal cancer survivors: Comparison of patient‐reported outcome measures of swallowing
Authors:   MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group, Grant Stephen , Kamal Mona , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Zaveri Jhankruti , Barrow Martha P. , Gunn G. Brandon , Lai Stephen Y. , Lewin Jan S. , Rosenthal David I. , Wang Xin Shelley , Fuller Clifton D. , Hutcheson Katherine A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Two patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of swallowing and their correlation to quality of life (QOL) were compared in long‐term survivors of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).

Methods

Scores on the single dysphagia item from the 28‐item, multisymptom MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN‐S) were compared with scores on the dysphagia‐specific composite MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and the EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ‐VAS) in 714 patients who had received definitive radiotherapy ≥12 months before the survey. An MDASI‐HN‐S score ≥6 and an MDADI composite score <60 were considered representative of moderate/severe swallowing dysfunction.

Results

Moderate/severe dysphagia was reported by 17% and 16% of respondents on the MDASI‐HN‐S and the composite MDADI, respectively. Both swallow PROs were predictive of QOL, and the MDASI‐HN‐S model was slightly more parsimonious for the discrimination of EQ‐VAS scores compared with MDADI scores (Bayesian information criteria, 6062 vs 6076, respectively). An MDASI‐HN‐S cutoff score of ≥6 correlated best with a declining EQ‐VAS score (P < .0001) and was associated with increased radiotherapy dose to several normal swallowing structures.

Conclusions

In this cohort, the single‐item MDASI‐HN‐S performed favorably for the discrimination of QOL compared with the multi‐item MDADI. A time‐efficient model for PRO measurement of swallowing is proposed in which the MDADI may be reserved for patients who score ≥6 on the MDASI‐HN‐S.