bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of various existing interventions for the treatment of hypertension in the Indian market under the Jan Aushadhi Scheme: A price control aspect for consideration by Journal of Health Policy & Outcomes Research
Authors: Joshi Deeksha , Gupta Saurabh , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Prashar Abhimanyu , Gauniyal Swati , Singh Sachin
Published: July 2023

Aim: Analysis of the percentage price differences among the widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs available on the Indian retail market and under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) or the Jan Aushadhi scheme. Materials and Methods: The prices of frequently prescribed various antihypertensive brands were collected and organized by using latest Monthly Index of Medical Specialties. The price of 1 dosage form in INR of each brand was extracted. Based on the price of various brands, average price of each drug was calculated and compared with the price of PMBJP drugs. Additionally, literature review was performed to place the results in perspective. Results: The prices of prescribed antihypertensive medicines were analyzed and compared with PMBJP drugs. In monotherapy, Metoprolol 25 mg showed a maximum price difference of 89.08%; in combination therapy, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg indicates maximum price difference of 90.76%. In addition, Telmisartan 40 mg demonstrate 88.59%, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg demonstrate 90.76%, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg indicates 90.38% price variation in one treatment course based on the grading of hypertension. Further, on literature review 11 relevant articles were found which were consistent with the results of this study. Conclusion: The results of our study show huge differences between the prices of PMBJP drugs and branded drugs available in India. It suggests that moving towards PMBJP drugs may lessen the financial strain on the patients and their caregivers. The prescriber should make an informed decision and choose the cheaper antihypertensive drugs to lessen the financial burden on the patient leading to maximum patient adherence.
Measuring and improving performance of clinicians: an application of patient-based records
Authors: Dong Minye , Xiao Yuyin , Shi Chenshu , Li Guohong
Published: July 2023

Backgound

Efforts to measure performance and identify its driving factors among clinicians are needed for building a high-quality clinician workforce. The availability of data is the most challenging thing. This paper presented a summary performance measure for clinicians and its application on examining factors that influence performance using routine patient-based records.

Methods

Perfomance indicators and difficulty score were extracted from electronic medical records (EMRs). Difficulty adjustment and standardized processing were used to obtain indicators which were comparable between specialties. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the summary performance measure. The performance measure was then used to examine the influence of person-job fit and burnout through a mediator effect model and cluster analysis.

Results

A valid sample of 404 clinicians were included in this study, and 244 of them had valid response in the questionnaire. PCA explained 79.37% of the total variance presented by the four adjusted performance indicators. Non-performance attributes and performance driving factors help distinguish different clusters of clinicians. Burnout mediates the relationship between person-job fit and performance in a specific group of clinicians (β = 0.120, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

We demonstrated the analytical steps to estimate clinicians’ performance and its practical application using EMRs. Our findings provide insight into personnel classified management. Such practice can be applied in countries where electronic medical record systems are relatively less developed to continuously improve the application of performance management.
A Massive Proximal Tibia Geode – Can we Afford to Miss it?
Authors: Amirthalingam Sivabalaganesh , Kumar Pradeep , Harshavardhan J K Giriraj
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is now understood to be an aberrant remodeling of the joint organ caused by wear-and-tear mechanism and by a variety of inflammatory mediators. Subchondral cysts have been one of the important radiological features of knee osteoarthritis that is not well understood. We report a case of large subchondral lytic lesion which was initially thought to be a giant cell tumor and later was identified as subchondral cyst. Case Report: A 50-year-old man presented to the outpatient department with complaints of intermittent pain and swelling over the left knee associated with difficulty in performing his daily activities Patient had undergone cerclage wiring for fracture left patella fracture 8 years back following which pain started. Radiographs showed extensive degenerative change at the knee with a large, multilocular lytic lesion in the proximal tibia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed similar features with an additional lesion in the distal femur. Core needle biopsy and histopathological examination of both lesions showed fibrocollageous tissue with bone fragments and lymphocytes. Patient was treated conservatively with analgesics and physiotherapy. He had good relief of pain and is on regular follow-up till date. Discussion: Osteoarthritis knee is the most prevalent and leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. Subchondral cysts are strongly associated with osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis exposes the subarticular bone to injury, particularly in the weight-bearing joints. Large cysts are a well-recognized feature of other disorders such as simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, and osteomyelitis. As these cases are rarely reported the treatment options are not standardized. Studies had shown similar cases treated both conservatively and surgically. The occurrence of the pathological fracture in these cases is high so prophylactic surgical fixation of massive geodes is advised. We decided to treat our case conservatively with analgesics and physiotherapy. The patient has good relief of pain at present and is on regular follow-up. He has been counseled that he may need a total knee replacement in the future if pain increases in severity. Conclusion: In the presence of osteolytic lesion showing very large cyst with cortical expansion and septations in radiographs with adjacent joint arthritis, the diagnosis of subchondral cyst/Geode should be strongly considered. Keywords: Proximal tibia geode, osteolytic lesion of proximal tibia, subchondral cyst, proximal tibia geode conservative management.
Zastosowanie probiotyków w leczeniu ran przewlekłych
Authors: Prusisz Mateusz , Włodarczyk Jakub , Maryńczak Kasper , Krystian Jakub , Włodarczyk Marcin , Dziki Łukasz
Published: July 2023

Streszczenie: Na podstawie analizowanych badań epidemiologicznych aktualnie obserwuje się wzrastający trend częstości występowania ran trudno gojących się w społeczeństwie. W krajach uprzemysłowionych występowanie ran przewlekłych dotyczy około 1–1,5% ludności, natomiast wraz ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa obserwuje się tendencję wzrostową ich występowania (wśród osób po 60. roku życia problem ten dotyczyć będzie już 3% populacji). Celem poniższej pracy jest szczegółowa analiza aktualnie dostępnych badań dotyczących zastosowania probiotyków w leczeniu ran przewlekłych. Najczęściej spotykanymi w literaturze probiotykami stosowanymi u pacjentów z ranami trudno gojącymi się były szczepy Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum i Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Wspomaganie gojenia następowało poprzez ograniczenie kompetycyjnego rozrostu patologicznej flory w ranie, immunomodulację, stymulowanie migracji makrofagów, ograniczenie wydzielania cytokin zapalnych, wiązanie toksycznych metabolitów wytwarzanych przez florę patologiczną oraz działanie na komórki dendrytyczne. Ponadto zaobserwowano, że probiotyki wykazują działanie zwiększające wrażliwość tkanek na insulinę, zmniejszające glikemię na czczo, poziom hemoglobiny glikowanej oraz cholesterolu, działając na czynniki powstawania ran przewlekłych, jakimi są cukrzyca oraz miażdżyca naczyń.
Miedź – kolejny przełom w ewolucji gojenia ran?
Authors: Spyrka Kinga , Brela Jakub , Rębisz-Kaszuba Monika , Borkow Gadi , Kucharzewski Marek
Published: July 2023

Streszczenie: Miedź od wieków była używana do eradykacji zakażeń bakteryjnych. Pierwiastek ten ma nie tylko działanie bakteriobójcze, ale również przyśpiesza proces angiogenezy i epitelizacji. W niniejszej pracy omówiono rolę miedzi w procesie gojenia ran.
Tarsal coalitions
Authors: S Kakarla
Published: July 2023

Abstract is not available for this article
Lógica doble LD y gráficos existenciales gamma-LD
Authors: Sierra Aristizabal Manuel
Published: July 2023

En este trabajo se presenta el sistema deductivo para la lógica proposicional doble (LD) y los gráficos existenciales gamma-LD. Se prueba, de manera rigurosa, la consistencia de la LD y que los teoremas de LD corresponden, exactamente, con los gráficos existenciales válidos de gamma-LD. Cuando se restringe el lenguaje de la LD al lenguaje de la lógica proposicional clásica (LC), la restricción asociada a gamma-LD coincide con los gráficos existenciales válidos del sistema alfa de Charles Sanders Peirce. Resulta que los teoremas de la lógica proposicional intuicionista (LI) son teoremas de la LD; además, cuando se restringe el lenguaje de la LD al lenguaje de la LI, la restricción asociada a gamma-LD coincide con los gráficos existenciales válidos del sistema alfa intuicionista de Arnold Oostra. Como consecuencia, se infiere que gamma-LD tiene como casos particulares los gráficos existenciales alfa de LC y de LI. Finalmente, en la LD se derivan las definiciones aristotélicas de verdad y falsedad, con las cuales, se ilustra la capacidad de la LD para solucionar una versión de la paradoja del mentiroso, donde LC y LI fracasan.
Systematic investigation of the mechanocatalytic partial depolymerization of cellulose towards oligomeric glycans
Authors: Meyer Gregor , Lumpp Dominique , Stulik Anne-Kathrin , Hoffmann Dagmar , Rose Marcus
Published: July 2023

The selective depolymerization of cellulose is a major challenge and usually leads to the formation of monosaccharides as main products. Once depolymerized, various platform chemicals such as 5 hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural can be obtained from cellulose. Our work aims to convert cellulose selectively into oligomeric glycans as more valuable products compared to sugars, by using mechanocatalysis in a planetary ball mill. In this work, reaction parameters such as acid content, filling level, rotational speed and grinding duration were investigated systematically and optimized towards a maximum amount of soluble oligomeric species and a minimum of monosaccharides. The systematic investigation of the mechanocatalytic partial depolymerization resulted in a nearly full-soluble fraction containing oligomeric glycans.
Characteristics and Performance of Family Businesses in Wuse Market, Abuja, FCT Nigeria
Authors: Agbim Kenneth Chukwujioke , Tanko Ibrahim , Paul Vincent
Published: July 2023

The unprecedented uncertainties in the Nigerian business environment is negatively impacting business operations and performance. Yet, literature on the association between business characteristics and the financial and non-financial performance of family trading businesses in the Nigerian context is overtly and seemingly scant. Again, family trading businesses are prevalent in Wuse market; one of the largest markets in Abuja, FCT. Taken together, this study seeks to investigate the effects of business characteristics on the financial and non-financial performance of family trading businesses in the market. A cross-sectional survey research design, and criterion and systematic sampling techniques were adopted to collect data from 211 founder/CEOs and the descendant/CEOs of family trading businesses in the market via questionnaire. The generated data were subjected to linear regression analysis. The results showed positive and significant effects. The study concludes that the computation of the overall performance of the businesses based on financial and non-financial performance measures show higher overall performance than when they are computed using financial performance measures alone. Education of the founder/CEOs and descendant/CEOs on how to keep financial records of business transactions, collect the non-financial data based on the non-financial performance measures, and how to use same for the computation of non-financial performance were recommended. The researcher advocates a replication of the study in other contexts using an expanded scope and qualitative or triangulation method.
EFEK SINTESIS SILANE COUPLING AGENT PADA SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KOMPOSIT SERBUK KENAF
Authors: Ginting Delovita , Fitri Reka Nuansa
Published: July 2023

Abstrak

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas perlakuan kimia larutan silane coupling agent terhadap sifat fisis (densitas dan daya serap air) dan sifat mekanis (kuat tarik dan kuat pukul takik) dari komposit serbuk kenaf. Serbuk kenaf dialkalisasi dengam menggunakan NaOH selama 4 jam, kemudian dihaluskan mengunakan greending machine hingga lolos ayakan 50 mesh. Serbuk kenaf yang telah lolos ayakan kemudian diolah secara kimia dengan larutan silane coupling agent.  Variasi konsentrasi larutan silane coupling agent yang digunakan adalah dengan konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 20% dan 30% terhadap massa serbuk kenaf. Serbuk kenaf yang telah disintesis dengan silane coupling agent kemudian dicampur dengan perekat resin epoksi dengan perandingan 30/70 dalam persen berat. Proses kompaksi komposit menggunakan mesin kompaksi Hydrolic Hot Press dengan tekanan 20 Bar pada suhu 125 oC dan waktu penahanan 15 menit. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa dengan perlakuan 20% silane coupling agent pada serbuk kenaf efektif meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis komposit.

 Abstract

 This study aims to see the effectiveness of the chemical treatment of silane coupling agent on the physical properties (density and water absorption) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and impact strength) of the kenaf powder composite. Kenaf powder was alkalized using NaOH for 4 hours, then mashed using a grinding machine until it passed a 50 mesh sieve. The kenaf powder that has passed the sieve is then chemically treated with a silane coupling agent solution. Variations in the concentration of the silane coupling agent solution used were 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of the mass of kenaf powder. Kenaf powder which has been synthesized with a silane coupling agent is then mixed with epoxy resin adhesive with a ratio of 30/70 in weight percent. The composite compaction process uses a Hydrolic Hot Press compacting machine with a pressure of 20 Bar at a temperature of 125 oC and a holding time of 15 minutes. The result of this research is that the treatment with 20% silane coupling agent on kenaf powder is effective in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the composite.
PENENTUAN ENERGI DAN FINESSE DARI RESONANSI WHISPERING GALERY MODE DALAM MICROSPEHRE
Authors: Ngara Zakarias Seba
Published: July 2023

Kajian ini menyajikan penentuan energi WGM, faktor kualitas (faktor-Q) dan finese dari  spektrum resonansi whispering gallery mode (WGM) dalam mikrospehere F8tpy. Dalam penelitian ini, data yang digunakan data sekunder yang diambil disertasi dan beberapa jurnal terkait. Spekrum WGM dalam  microsphere sebagai data sekunder utama diambil referensi (3). Sedangkan perumusan energi WGM antara transversal listrik (TE) dan transversal (TM) didasarkan pada referensi (6). Berdasarkan analisis spektrum  WGM dalam microsphere F8tpy dengan diameter (d) 4.53 µm, energi WGM rata-rata dan faktor-Q (Q-factor) masing-masing adalah 2,48 eV dan 264.2. Sedangkan nilai finesse adalah 5,28. Energi WGM sebanding lurus dengan nilai momentum sudut. Untuk faktor-Q, semakin besar diameter mikrosphere F8tpy, semakin tinggi nilai faktor-Q dari microsphere F8tpy. Ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi kinerja dan efisien mikropshere F8tpy ketika material tersebut digunakan sebagai material aktif dalam piranti sensor, laser dan piranti-piranti photonik lainnya. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mikrosphere F8tpy berpotensi digunakan sebagai material aktif dalam mikrodivais optik.
Ecological and structural differentiation of the Sudanian woodlands in the Biosphere Reserve of Pendjari, Benin
Authors: Assèdé Eméline S. P. , Biaou S. S. Honoré , Orou Hidirou , Oumorou Madjidou , Geldenhuys Coert J. , Chirwa Paxie W. , Sinsin Brice
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study aims to: i) differentiate the plant associations in the Biosphere Reserve of Pendjari (BRP), ii) determine the ecological characteristics of their habitats and iii) present distribution maps on different soil types. Study area: The BRP, located in the Sudanian Zone of Benin. Methods: 202 phytosociological relevés were sampled according to the Braun-Blanquet method within the BRP. Ordination was performed using Detrended Correspondence Analysis to evaluate vegetation patterns. Soil parameters were used to characterize the vegetation types. Results: The numerical analysis of 202 plots and 249 plant species showed two major floristic groups that correlated with a moisture gradient: drylands versus wetlands. The dryland group was a mixture of woodland and shrub savanna, the dominant ecosystems of the study area. The wetland group encompassed species primarily from riparian forest, tree savanna and grass savanna on floodplains. Syntaxonomical analysis of the dryland group showed rocky and gravelly soil associations (Burkeo africanae-Detarietum microcarpi) and soils associated with or without fine gravels (Andropogono gayani-Terminalietum avicennioidis, Andropogono gayani-Senegalietum dudgeonii and Terminalietum leiocarpae). Syntaxonomical analysis of the wetland group showed riparian forest associations on sandy-clay soil (Coletum laurifoliae, Borassetum aethiopi and Hyparrhenio glabriusculae-Mitragynetum inermis) and floodplain associations on silt-clay soil (Terminalio macropterae-Mitragynetum inermis, Brachiario jubatae-Terminalietum macropterae, Sorghastro bipennati-Vachellietum hockii). Conclusions: Eleven new associations were identified in this study. If the distribution of plant associations was determined by different soil properties, the soil humidity would be one of the main ecological factors determining the establishment of plant species and thus plant association development.

Taxonomic reference: Akoègninou et al. (2006), Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (APG IV, 2016).

Abbreviations: BRP = Biosphere Reserve of Pendjari; CBD = Convention on Biological Diversity; CCA = Constrained Correspondence Analysis; DCA = Detrended Correspondence Analysis; GPS UTM = Global Positioning System Universal Transverse Mercator.
ESTUDIO SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LAS MUJERES EN LA PRODUCCIÓN MUSICAL FOLCLÓRICA PANAMEÑA:
Authors: Mc Elfresh Yajaira , Prieto Montero Alcira
Published: July 2023

La música tradicionalmente folclórica ha confirmado definiciones arraigadas de lo que constituye la masculinidad y la feminidad. El pindín o música típica panameña, no solo es la esencia popular de la sociedad panameña, sino que también es un motor de la cultura popular juvenil. Este estudio examina como los jóvenes universitarios dan sentido a la representación femenina en el pindín, el género musical más escuchado en los medios y con más representaciones públicas en Panamá, y cómo los jóvenes relacionan estos mensajes con su propia feminidad. Muchos investigadores han utilizado únicamente la crítica de contenidos para estudiar la interpretación de las audiencias para averiguar, desde una perspectiva de género cómo las mujeres panameñas están representadas en el pindín, cómo las estudiantes universitarias interpretan esta representación, y el efecto que producen estas representaciones sobre la propia feminidad de las estudiantes. El estudio encontró que, en el pindín, la representación patriarcal de la mujer en Panamá se transmite desde la mirada masculina. En el análisis de contenido se encontró que, ya sean hombres o mujeres los que escriban las canciones, las letras tienen una representación patriarcal de la mujer basada en estereotipos convencionales, aunque hay una clara diferencia entre los roles que se le dan a la mujer cuando estas canciones se escriben para ser cantadas por hombres o por mujeres. Así mismo, que los alumnos se identifican con algunos de los estereotipos, que de hecho son bastante aceptados por la sociedad. Sin embargo, algunos estudiantes consideran estos estereotipos obsoletos (como el mito de la virginidad) y no se sienten representados por ellos.
Sistema Nacional y Cultural de Salud durante el COVID-19 en El Salvador desde una perspectiva salutogénica
Authors: Molina Aguilar Jorge Manuel
Published: July 2023

Esta ponencia se enfoca en el Sistema Nacional y Cultural de Salud de El Salvador desde la perspectiva de personas diagnosticadas con COVID-19 durante el primer año de pandemia. Fue presentada el 5 de mayo en el 40th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (Molina Aguilar, 2022) en el panel “COVID-19 and Structural Violence in El Salvador”. Reconstruye interacciones entre pacientes, personal de atención médica y otros actores sociales. La metodología fue cualitativa y sus estrategias de recolección, las siguientes: revisión bibliográfica no sistemática y 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Considera las narrativas de la enfermedad y del padecimiento como acto social, tomando en cuenta eventos sociales, coyunturales y culturales. A través del contenido y el lenguaje connotativo, fueron analizados aspectos como el rol y la carrera del paciente, y el sufrimiento como dispositivo simbólico. Presenta la interacción entre diferentes espacios de atención sanitaria, principalmente el hogar y la comunidad. Como método de análisis, recurre a los componentes del sentido de coherencia del modelo salutogénico: i) comprensibilidad, ii) manejabilidad, iii) significación. Los principales hallazgos fueron: hibridez en la operatividad de las diferentes modalidades de atención del sistema de salud; una serie de fenómenos históricos que siguen vigentes y caracterizan las desigualdades e inequidades en cuanto a la atención sanitaria, entre estas, la tendencia a centralizar, medicalizar, comercializar y militarizar la salud y la atención sanitaria. Así mismo, se encontró una tendencia a la automedicación y el uso de la metáfora médica y farmacológica para comprender la salud.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 77, No. 770, 2022 : 81-89.
دراسة تأثير نسب من اليوريا ومسحوق الخروب على معدلات أداء الهضم والنمو في الأغنام
Authors: بن عامر محمد السنوسى
Published: July 2023

في تجربتي مقارنة إحداهما لقياس النمو والأخرى لقياس نسبة الهضم: تم اختبار تأثير مستويات مختلفة من اليوريا على كفاءة أداء الأغنام وقد حسبت معامل الهضم الظاهري للمادة الجافة واتزان الآزوت ومعدل النمو اليومي وقياسات الدم المختلفة، واستعملت اليوريا كمعوض بروتيني مدعمة مسحوق ثمرة الخروب كمصدر للطاقة. استعملت في التجربتين أربع علائق متكافئة في المحتوى البروتيني ومحتوى الطاقة (مجموع العناصر الغذائية المهضومة)، وخصصت كل منها المجموعة من الأغنام تحتوي على ثلاث رؤوس. رمز للعلائق بالأحرف أ، ب، ج، د، واحتوت على صفر، 1% ,2% ,3% يوريا على التوالي، كما أن مجموع العناصر الغذائية المهضومة والنسبة المئوية للبروتين في كل العلائق کان 60% و 45% على التوالي، وكانت التجربة الأولى قد استمرت 63 يوما ، والثانية استمرت 40 يوما. لم تبين نتائج التجربة فروقا معنوية (0. >P) النسبة هضم المادة الجافة أو اتزان النيتروجين بين عليقة التحكم أو العلائق ب، ج، د وعلى أية حال تبين أن هناك انخفاضا معنويا في نسبة هضم المادة الجافة واتزان النيتروجين، عندما أضيفت اليوريا بمعدل 3% (العليقة د) وكانت أكثر النتائج ايجابية تلك التي تم الحصول عليها، عندما حتوت العليقة على 2% پوریا و 10% مسحوق خروب. أما بالنسبة لقياسات الدم (محتوى الهيموغلوبين، ب ه الدم، غلوكوز الدم، عدد كريات الدم الحمراء، وعدد كريات الدم البيضاء) فلم تظهر أي فروق معنوية (0. > 2) بين عليقة التحكم وباقي العلائق، ولكن كانت هناك فروق معنوية (0 > p) في سوريا الدم بين عليقة التحكم وباقي العلائق. يستنتج من البحث أنه بالإمكان استعمال اليوريا في عليقة الأغنام عند المستويات 1% الى %2 پوریا مدعمة ب 10% الى 15% بمسحوق الخروب.
ASSESSMENT OF THE REAL SITUATION OF THE LABOR MARKET AND WAYS OF ENSURING THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Najimadinov Ravshanbek
Published: July 2023

In this article, the real state of the labor market in the districts of Tashkent region is evaluated using the Frauchi index. Frauchi index is one of the indicators of the labor market, based on which regions of Tashkent region were divided into groups according to the state of the labor market and analyzed. Also, scientific proposals have been developed to improve the labor market situation and ensure employment of the population.
PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MODERN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Djuraeva Guzal
Published: July 2023

Annotation: this article discusses the problems of human resource management in modern enterprises, it talks about the need to improve the human resource management system, puts forward proposals and recommendations for improving the human resource management system in organizations. In conclusion, proposals were developed to solve the problems of human resource management in modern enterprises.
THE PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF THE SPHERE OF RESTAURANT SERVICES
Authors: Ibodov Kamoliddin
Published: July 2023

The article presents an analysis of the product portfolio in the field of restaurant services. Based on the analysis of the product portfolio (BKG-matrix), identified commodity and market opportunities, attractiveness, growth rates and the development stage of restaurant services in the city of Samarkand. Proposed set of services and lines of action strategic perspective.
FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL STABILITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES AND STAGES OF THEIR MANAGEMENT
Authors: Nosirov Jasur
Published: July 2023

This article covers the factors affecting the financial stability of insurance companies and the stages of their management. Also, the scientific-theoretical views of economists who studied the concept of "financial stability" are widely covered. In addition, the classification of the types of financial stability of insurance companies and the classification of indicators according to the criteria for evaluating the financial condition are highlighted. In addition, the article provides conclusions and suggestions on the factors affecting the financial stability of insurance companies and the stages of their management.
QUALITY INDICATORS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AN INSURANCE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kenjaev Ilhom
Published: July 2023

In this article it is presented an analysis of the indicators of quality and efficiency of the investment activity of an insurance organization, and are developed proposals and recommendations for improving the efficiency of activities in this direction.
EFFECTIVE USE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCES IN SHAPING AND MANAGING THE ACTIVITIES OF TOURIST COMPLEXES IN THE REGIONS
Authors: Homidov Kakhkhorali
Published: July 2023

This article covers ways to improve the competitiveness of tourist complexes and improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of management, using foreign experience in shaping and effectively managing the activities of tourist complexes in the regions.
МETHODOLOGICAL BASIS TO DEVELOP THE DIGITAL INTEGRATED MODELS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL LABOR MARKET
Authors: Kholmuminov Shayzak
Published: July 2023

The article proposes methodological foundations for the development of digital integrated models for the development of the rural labor market in labour-surplus regions in the conditions of the functioning of a socially oriented market economy. It includes the proven milestones for the development of digital integrated models (DIMs) for the development of the rural labor market in labor-abundant regions: definition of the goal and the list of problem-optimization tasks to be solved; implementation of the choice of the type of digital economic and mathematical models; development of target integrated models and verification of their consistency; collection, analysis and assessment of the reliability of the necessary information; computer approbation of the proposed DIM, a comprehensive analysis of the obtained computer results. At the same time, on the basis of the developed DIM, forecast indicators for reducing the informal employment of the rural able-bodied population of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2025 were determined.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN POLA MERIT SISTEM TERHADAP TERCIPTANYA BIROKRASI YANG TIDAK BAIK DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Bahri Nabilah
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahaui bagaimana Tata kelola pemerintahan yang kredibel ditandai dengan membaiknya penguatan sistem birokrasi yang makin transparan, efektif dan dapat diandalkan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut maka kehidupan bermasyarakat pemerintah harus bisa hadir dengan membangun tata kelola pemerintahan yang bersih, efektif, demokratis dan terpercaya. Menciptakan pemerintahan yang terpercaya ditengah minimnya kepercayaan masyarakat kepadapemerintah merupakan pekerjaan khusus bagi para birokrat baik di tingkat daerah maupun pusat. Meskipun pada pelaksanaannya proses maupun tahapan pelaksanaan manajemen PNS belum serta merta langsung mengalami banyak perubahan.Kepala daerah sebagai pejabat Pembina kepegawaian di daerah ditentukan dengan proses pemilihan umum sebagai amanat pelaksanaan demokrasi yang diseleksi dengan sistem partai politik. Adanya intervensi membuat PNS tidak bebas bergerak dan mengemukakan pendapat dikarenakan suatu alasan kepentingan tidak lagi bisa memegang jabatan bagi yang sebelumnya mendapatkan jabatan atau sebaliknya dari yang belum pernah menduduki jabatan begitu antusias mendukung aktor politik dengan harapan jika yang didukung menjadi kepala daerah seorang PNS boleh dengan mudahnya mendapatkan jabatan tanpa melihat syarat dan ketentuan sebagai mana mestinya. Salah satu ketentuan didalamnya yakni ditetapkannya penerapan sistem merit dalam Manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara dan lembaga yang secara langsung mengawasi dan memastikan kebijakan tersebut berjalan secara efektif adalah Komisi Aparatur Sipil Negara (KASN). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 0rang yang tersebar pada 8 kecamatan. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis dan pembahasan penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penerapan pola meritsistem terhadap terciptanya birokrasi yang tidak baik do Kota Mataram dengan variabel Produktivitas Kerja,Kuantitas dan Kualitas Kerja,dan Prestasi Kerja.
Recursos presupuestales y prestación de servicios públicos en el área de transportes de la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica, Ica, 2021
Authors:   , Ccaccya Runtay Katy , Pando Peñafiel Carla Janet
Published: July 2023

La investigación ha tenido como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre los recursos presupuestales y la prestación de servicios públicos en el área de transportes de la Municipalidad Provincial de Ica, Ica, 2021. De igual manera, el estudio desarrolló un tipo observacional, prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo correlacional, asimismo ha contado con un diseño no experimental, además 76 usuarios constituyeron la muestra, los mismos que participaron de la técnica aplicada que correspondió a la encuesta, son el cuestionario como instrumento de esta. Los resultados alcanzados han evidenciado que existió una relación significativa entre las transferencias municipales y la prestación de servicios públicos, además de una correlación positiva considerable con un valor de relación de 0.733. Asimismo, se estableció una relación significativa entre el pago de arbitrios y la prestación de servicios públicos, además de una correlación positiva muy fuerte con un valor de 0.870. Concluyendo que, existió una relación significativa entre los recursos presupuestales y la prestación de servicios públicos en el área de transportes, habiendo contado con un valor de sigma de 0.000, además se consignó una correlación positiva muy fuerte entre ambos elementos, habiendo alcanzado un valor de relación equivalente a 0.900.
Cost-effectiveness of introducing infant vaccination against pneumococcal disease in Poland – comparison of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D (PHiD-CV) and 13-valent (PCV-13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Authors: Olbrecht Jan , Simone Benedetto , Wepsięć Katarzyna , Kuter Iwona , Mrożek-Gąsiorowska Małgorzata , Radzikowski Andrzej , Książek Alicja , Rdzany Rafał
Published: July 2023

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM), a common childhood infection that may require antibiotics. There were 3,236 IPD cases detected in Poland between 2006-2016, with incidence peaks among infants and the elderly. The case-fatality rate in 2016 was 6.7% among infants and 49.3% among the elderly. Since 2009, two infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are available in Poland (the pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine [PHiD-CV], and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV-13]). The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of routine PHiD-CV versus no vaccination and versus PCV-13. Methods: A previously published Markov cohort model was adapted for Poland to compare PHiD-CV to no vaccination and PCV-13 from the public payer perspective, regarding lifetime direct costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with morbidity and mortality due to IPD, pneumonia and AOM. PHiD-CV and PCV-13 were assumed to have the same efficacy for their ten common vaccine serotypes, and PHiD-CV was assumed to have conservative cross-protection effectiveness against serotypes 6A and 19A, and to be more protective against AOM due to its effectiveness against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Scenario analyses assessed outcomes when vaccine price parity was assumed, when the effectiveness of PHiD-CV against serotype 19A IPD was omitted or increased, and, when the effectiveness of PCV-13 against serotype 3 IPD was varied. Results: PHiD-CV was a cost-effective option versus no vaccination, with a cost per QALY gained of Polish złoty (PLN) 94,933 (below the threshold for cost-effectiveness of PLN 134,514). Both vaccines had comparable health outcomes regarding IPD and pneumonia, while PHiD-CV achieved better health outcomes against AOM. PHiD-CV was the dominant strategy for Poland versus PCV-13 (resulting in a gain of 170 QALYs at a direct cost-saving of PLN 61.1 million). In scenario and sensitivity analyses, PHiD-CV remained the dominant strategy versus PCV-13. Conclusions: The introduction of PHiD-CV in the Polish national immunization programme is likely to reduce the disease burden due to IPD, pneumonia and AOM. It is a cost-effective strategy (versus no vaccination) and a cost-saving strategy (versus PCV-13) for the healthcare payer.
Incidence and Prevalence of Diagnosed Vitiligo According to Race and Ethnicity, Age, and Sex in the US
Authors: Mastacouris Nicole , Strunk Andrew , Garg Amit
Published: July 2023

Importance

Vitiligo has substantial psychosocial consequences. Yet its burden is poorly established.

Objective

To estimate incidence and prevalence of diagnosed vitiligo across age, sex, and racial and ethnic subgroups in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This analysis comprising a cohort study and cross-sectional study included electronic health records for health care–seeking children, adolescents, and adults across 4 US census regions. Data for the incidence analysis were obtained from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2019, and data for the prevalence analysis were obtained from January 1 through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from December 13, 2022, to June 8, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were incidence (per 100 000 person-years [PY]) and prevalence of diagnosed vitiligo overall and by age, race and ethnicity, and sex.

Results

A total of 2 980 778 patients with vitiligo were included in the incidence analysis (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [24.0] years; 57.0% female; 1.4% Asian American; 12.9% Black; 1.5% Hispanic/Latino; 77.3% White; 6.9% other or multiracial) and 1 057 534 in the prevalence analysis (mean [SD] age, 43.4 [24.7] years; 57.5% female; 1.7% Asian American, 14.7% Black, 1.4% Hispanic/Latino; 75.7% White; 6.6% other or multiracial). Age- and sex-adjusted overall incidence rate (IR) of diagnosed vitiligo was 22.6 per 100 000 PY (95% CI, 21.5-23.8 per 100 000 PY), and prevalence was 0.16% (95% CI, 0.15%-0.17%). Sex-adjusted IR was highest among patients aged 60 to 69 years (25.3 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 22.2-28.6 per 100 000 PY), and prevalence was highest among patients aged 70 years or older (0.21%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.23%). The highest age-adjusted IR was observed among Asian American patients (41.2 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 28.2-58.2 per 100 000 PY), followed by Hispanic/Latino patients (37.3 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 25.7-52.4 per 100 000 PY), patients reporting other or multiple races (31.1 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 25.9-37.1 per 100 000 PY), Black patients (29.6 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 26.0-33.6 per 100 000 PY), and White patients (18.7 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 17.5-20.0 per 100 000 PY). The highest age-adjusted prevalence was observed among Hispanic/Latino patients (0.29%; 95% CI, 0.20%-0.39%), followed by Asian American patients (0.27%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.35%), patients reporting other or multiple races (0.24%; 95% CI, 0.20%-0.28%), Black patients (0.22%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.24%), and White patients (0.13%; 95% CI, 0.12%-0.14%).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that vitiligo diagnosis was more common in older patients, Hispanic/Latino patients, and Asian American patients.
Stress relaxation of 3D printed PLA of various infill orientations under tensile and bending loadings
Authors: Tüfekci Kenan , Çakan Betül Gülçimen , Küçükakarsu Volkan Mesut
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the widespread use of 3D printing technology in various industries has highlighted the crucial issue of how 3D printed polymers behave mechanically when subjected to stress relaxation. The time‐independent mechanical properties of these polymers, as well as their stress relaxation behavior, are both affected by the 3D printing parameters used. Therefore, this study examines the stress‐relaxation behavior of PLA under tensile and bending loading modes, specifically investigating how different raster orientations affect this behavior. The findings indicate that the ±45° infill orientation had the least amount of relaxation in both tensile and bending modes compared to the other orientations. Additionally, there was higher stress relaxation in the bending loading mode across all infill orientations. The findings indicate that the experimental duration should exceed 750 s to achieve an accurate model, as both Maxwell‐Weichert elements contribute to stress relaxation during this period. On the other hand, extending the test beyond 20,000 s is not necessary since neither of the elements contributes significantly to stress relaxation.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Three‐Component Tetrafluoroethyl‐heteroarylation of Alkenes with 1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl Chloride and Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Li Xinjin , Dolbier William R.
Published: July 2023

1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethyl‐containing compounds are valuable structures due to their unique physicochemical properties, which have increasing potential application in drug discovery. However, synthetic methods for preparing such compounds are rare. Herein, we report the first use of 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl chloride to introduce the HCF2CF2 group into organic molecules via a three‐component, radical tetrafluoroethyl‐heteroarylation of alkenes with readily available quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. This method provides a new and facile approach for late‐stage functionalization of potential biologically active molecules.
Drought and temperature stresses impact pollen production and autonomous selfing in a California wildflower, Collinsia heterophylla
Authors: Arathi H. S. , Smith T. J.
Published: July 2023

Ongoing climatic changes have altered growing conditions for plants by limiting water availability and inducing unprecedented temperature increases, eliciting plant functional responses that compromise floral trait expression, reduce pollen production and promote early self‐pollination. In a controlled greenhouse study, plants of Collinsia heterophylla, an annual mixed‐mated hermaphrodite, were grown under temperature and water stresses. Floral trait responses and related effects on plant reproductive success were recorded. Plants grown under temperature and water stresses were shorter and had fewer leaves at flowering than control plants. Temperature‐stressed plants flowered earlier and had smaller flowers that produced fewer per capita pollen grains than control and water‐stressed plants. While lifetime flower production in plants experiencing temperature stress alone or water stress alone was similar to control plants, those receiving combined temperature and water stresses had significantly lower lifetime flower production. Abiotic stress did not affect investment in female traits such as ovule number per flower, but impacted male traits seen as fewer pollen grains per flower. In plants experiencing abiotic stress, an increase in autonomous self‐pollination was facilitated through a compromise in herkogamy, a sexual interference mechanism that promotes cross‐pollination. Spatial separation between stigma and anther, a measure of herkogamy was zero or negative in stressed plants. Thus, abiotic stress responses in plants did not compromise plant reproductive success as autonomous selfing was augmented. In nature, such responses will likely reduce available nutrition for pollinators through decreased flower and pollen production.
Enhanced functional connectivity in the reward circuitry in healthy adults with weekend catch‐up sleep
Authors: Kim Keun‐Tae , Kim Hayom , Kong Jooheon , Kim Jung Bin
Published: July 2023

We aimed to identify structural and functional changes in healthy adults with catch‐up sleep (CUS), we applied seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analysis using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that deficits in reward processing could be a fundamental mechanism underlying the motivation of taking CUS. Then, 55 healthy adults voluntarily (34 with CUS and 21 without CUS) participated in this study. Voxel‐based morphometry was performed to explore region of gray matter volume (GMV) difference between CUS and non‐CUS groups. Between‐group comparison of FC was then carried out using resting‐state functional MRI analysis seeding at the region of volume difference. Moreover, the region of volume difference and the strength of FC were correlated with scores of questionnaires for reward‐seeking behavior and clinical variables. CUS group had a higher reward‐seeking tendency, and increased GMV in the bilateral nucleus accumbens and right superior frontal gyrus relative to non‐CUS group. FC analysis seeding at the bilateral accumbens revealed increases of FC in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex in CUS group compared to non‐CUS group. The questionnaire scores reflecting the reward‐seeking tendency were correlated with the FC strength between bilateral accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate that CUS is associated with reward‐seeking tendency and increased GMV and FC in regions responsible for reward network. Our findings suggest that enhanced reward network could be the crucial mechanism underlying taking CUS and might be implicated in the detrimental effects of circadian misalignment.
Hybrid Microcavity Lasers: Principle, Design, and Practical Application
Authors: Liang, Ningning , Yan Jiuhu , Zhai Tianrui
Published: July 2023

Control coupling and synchronization of lasers has become increasingly attractive for their applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, secret communication, and optical networks. As complex microcavities emerge, more complicated light–matter interactions, along with the resulting distinct lasing emission behavior, is induced in these hybrid microcavities. This review summarizes the most important advances and current deep insights into the inherent relationship between the hybrid microcavity geometries and lasing behaviors, which are classified as the modulated lasing output freedom, including wavelength, angular momentum, mode, direction, and their multiple combinations. Finally, based on scientific research and practical application, the challenges and prospects of future development of hybrid microcavities are proposed, hoping to provide valuable inspiration for further optimizing hybrid microcavities to achieve low thresholds, small divergence angles, and single‐mode microcavity lasers.
Biotics: An emerging food supplement for health improvement in the era of immune modulation
Authors: Revankar Neelam A. , Negi Pradeep S.
Published: July 2023

The involvement of the commensal microbiota in immune function is a multifold process. Biotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics, have been subjected to animal and human trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in overall health. In recent years, studies on human microbiome interaction have established the multifarious role of biotics in maintaining overall health. The consumption of biotics has been extensively reported to help in maintaining microbial diversity, enhancing gut‐associated mucosal immune homeostasis, and providing protection against a wide range of lifestyle disorders. However, the establishment of biotics as an alternative therapy for a range of health conditions is yet to be ascertained. Despite the fact that scientific literature has demonstrated the correlation between biotics and immune modulation, most in vivo and in vitro reports are inconclusive on the dosage required. This review provides valuable insights into the immunomodulatory effects of biotics consumption based on evidence obtained from animal models and clinical trials. Furthermore, we highlight the optimal dosages of biotics that have been reported to deliver maximum health benefits. By identifying critical research gaps, we have suggested a roadmap for future investigations to advance our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between biotics and immune homeostasis.
Robust sliding mode control for a class of nonlinear systems with actuator failures and disturbances: A dual‐layer sliding mode strategy
Authors: Tu Weiwei , Dong Jiuxiang
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the problem of robust sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems subject to actuator failures and disturbances. By employing a novel integral sliding function constructed with an nested sliding mode controller “,” a dual‐layer sliding mode control is established. The first layer is an integral sliding mode generated by the actuator output, the second one is a linear sliding mode generated by “.” Indeed, the linear sliding mode is nested to the integral sliding mode for the system under consideration. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art integral sliding mode controls (ISMCs), not only the inherent robustness of ISMC is retained, but also the time derivative of integral sliding function in integral sliding motion dynamics can be compensated by “,” so that the robustness of integral sliding motion is further enhanced. Furthermore, due to the generation of the nested linear sliding mode, it decouples the matched integral sliding function time derivative of integral sliding motion dynamics from the mismatched disturbance. This decoupling facilitates the design of “” through control theory, then, the closed‐loop systems are ensured to be asymptotically stable with performance. Lastly, with two classes of barrier functions exploited for the design of sliding mode controllers, both sliding modes cannot be lost for system responses even in the presence of unforeseen actuator failures and disturbances. In simulation, an IEEE 6 bus power system is offered to demonstrate the superiorities of the theoretical results.