bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential of geothermal energy in Cambrian complexes for renewable energy transition in Lithuania
Authors: Memon Abdul Rashid , Makauskas Pijus , Kaminskaite-Baranauskiene Ieva , Pal Mayur
Published: January 2025

Several depleted Cambrian oil fields in Lithuania, with water-cuts reaching 99 %, present promising opportunities for geothermal energy utilization. This study focused on Lithuania’s Cambrian reservoir complex, which has the highest water production rates. The study aimed to explore the advantages of horizontal wells, a technology not previously employed for geothermal production in Lithuania, over traditional vertical wells. To optimize field development, various scenarios were evaluated using mechanistic models, with insights subsequently applied to real field conditions. The results from the mechanistic model demonstrated that horizontal wells outperform vertical wells in both water production and power generation. Furthermore, increasing fracture intensity was shown to enhance water output and power generation by operating the wells at pressures above fracture propagation, facilitating re-injection. However, the study also emphasized the importance of thorough reservoir characterization and modeling to account for geological complexities and improve production outcomes. In conclusion, the research underscores that horizontal wells offer several advantages over vertical wells for geothermal energy production. These include increased water production, higher power generation, reduced drilling costs, and enhanced operational efficiency. These benefits align with technological advancements observed in the hydrocarbon industry, making horizontal wells a viable solution for maximizing geothermal energy potential in Lithuania’s depleted oil and gas fields.
Zagrożenia dla ochrony praw pracowniczych związane z wydawaniem świadectwa pracy
Authors: Pilaszek Bartłomiej
Published: January 2025

Wydanie świadectwa pracy jest jednym z obowiązków pracodawcy wymienionych w Kodeksie Pracy. Dokument ten pozwala kolejnym pracodawcom i organom na ustalanie uprawnień pracowniczych. W związku z jego znaczeniem świadectwo pracy podlega szczególnej ochronie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza obowiązującej regulacji dotyczącej wydawania świadectwa pracy, ocena skuteczności mechanizmów przewidzianych na wypadek uchybienia przez pracodawcę obowiązkowi wydania omawianego dokumentu oraz przedstawienie propozycji zmian mogących w przyszłości lepiej chronić interes pracowników w tym zakresie.
Zabezpieczanie i zatrzymywanie danych informatycznych w polskim postępowaniu karnym
Authors: Szpoton Jonasz
Published: January 2025

Artykuł omawia problematykę zabezpieczania i zatrzymywania danych informatycznych w polskiej procedurze karnej. Przedstawia podstawowe pojęcia związane z podejmowaniem tych czynności w sferze cyfrowej oraz porównuje je do metod klasycznych. Prezentuje cechy oraz sposoby zabezpieczenia danych informatycznych oraz określa zakres zastosowania przepisów dotyczących przeszukania oraz zatrzymania rzeczy w kontekście wirtualnym. W dalszej części autor prezentuje problemy związane z gromadzeniem danych informatycznych oraz przedstawia propozycje zmian mających na celu usprawnienie działania omawianej instytucji.
Ustalanie stanów „pod wpływem środka odurzającego” i „po użyciu środka podobnie działającego do alkoholu” - Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 8 listopada 2023 r., III KK 151/23
Authors: Panasiuk Aleksander
Published: January 2025

Do poniesienia odpowiedzialności karnej z art. 178a Kodeksu karnego, a także przepisów sąsiadujących, niezbędne jest pozostawanie w stanie „pod wpływem środka odurzającego”. Równocześnie, ponieważ część czynów zabronionych pozostaje przepołowiona, niezbędne jest odróżnienie tego znamienia od stanu „po użyciu środka podobnie działającego do alkoholu” będącego warunkiem odpowiedzialności karnej za wykroczenia z art. 86, 87 czy 96 Kodeksu wykroczeń. Ponieważ brak jest definicji legalnych powyższych znamion, a one same pozostają mocno niedookreślone, zaistniała potrzeba ich interpretacji, której to dokonał kilkukrotnie Sąd Najwyższy, między innymi w najnowszym orzeczeniu II KK 151/23, kontynuując przyjętą już wcześniej linię orzeczniczą. W poniższej glosie autor podejmuje się polemiki z stanowiskiem prezentowanym przez Sąd Najwyższy. Tekst porusza kwestie interpretacji omawianych znamion, stawia zarzuty wobec dotychczasowej linii orzeczniczej, a także podejmuje próbę ustalenia wzorca kwalifikacji powyższych stanów w oparciu o kryteria stosunkowe czy toksykologiczne. Ponadto autor analizuje przedmiotową problematykę w świetle nowelizacji kodeksu karnego z 14 marca 2024 roku w szeroko pojętym kontekście konstytucyjnym i ustrojowym.
Wpływ klauzul abuzywnych na ważność umowy kredytu bankowego
Authors: Kral Patryk
Published: January 2025

Artykuł prezentuje problematykę wpływu klauzul abuzywnych na ważność umowy kredytu bankowego. Autor skupia się na wadliwości mechanizmów przeliczeniowych stosowanych w umowach kredytowych waloryzowanych do waluty obcej. Problem ten dotyczy w szczególności tzw. „umów frankowych”, które były licznie zawierane w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku. Wahania kursu franka szwajcarskiego doprowadziły do kwestionowania tych postanowień umownych. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jaki sposób nieuczciwe postanowienia wpływają na ważność umowy kredytu. Autor przedstawia swoje poglądy, mając na uwadze zarówno prawo krajowe oraz unijne, jak i bogate orzecznictwo sądów krajowych i Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej. Pracę wyróżnia uwzględnienie wniosków płynących z najnowszej uchwały pełnego składu Izby Cywilnej Sądu Najwyższego. Artykuł wskazuje, w jakich okolicznościach umowa kredytu bankowego może się ostać, mimo abuzywności jej postanowień. W zakończeniu autor formułuje postulaty de sententia ferenda oraz de lege ferenda, które, w jego ocenie, przyczynią się do jeszcze skuteczniejszej ochrony konsumentów w przyszłości.
Dupilumab for a Novel Treatment for Necrobiosis Lipoidica: Case Report
Authors: Sato Jennifer , Monaco Hailey , Sato Ryan
Published: January 2025

Background

This paper describes a case of necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) which was successfully treated with dupilumab. NL can be a difficult and chronic disease, often with limited treatment options. Dupilumab is a biologic typically used for atopic dermatitis, but given its novel pathway, it has been used in a number of other conditions.

Case Presentation

We describe a patient with inflammation on her legs, which was biopsied and consistent with NL. Treatments, including topical steroids, were started, but there was no improvement, therefore, dupilumab was discussed. She agreed with the treatment and dupilumab injections, and she reported a decrease in redness and improvement in her NL.

Conclusion

With this report, hopefully, there will be another option for the treatment of NL and different and novel uses for dupilumab.
Raising Awareness on The Impacts of Caesarean Section Birth Method to Children's Health: Nationwide Survey to Indonesian Married Woman
Authors: Fernando Darrell , Darus Febriansyah , Kinesya Edwin , Kartjito Melissa Stephanie , Wasito Erika , Dilantika Charisma , Basrowi Ray Wagiu
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study seeks to determine the level of knowledge mothers have about CS and its health implications, such as gut dysbiosis, before and after a health promotion.

Methods

We analyze the awareness of Indonesian mothers through a cross-sectional survey before and after health promotion, utilizing digital health education through national parenting platforms, PrimaKu and TemanBumil.

Findings

A total of 769 participants completed both the pre-test and post-test. There is an increase of awareness (70% to 95%), total score (mean ± SD: 4.34 ± 0.99 to 4.83 ± 0.49; p-value 0.000), and correct answer for each question (p-value < 0.05), respectively from pre-test and post-test. Instagram posts (77.07%), webinar (38.9%), Instagram live (35.94%), and Tiktok videos (34.02%) are the most preferred to least preferred forms of content, respectively.

Conclusion

Digital health campaigns using social media and webinars had a beneficial impact on raising awareness among Indonesian mothers about the impact of CS on children's health.
Ageing Characteristics of Stir Cast Al-5GNPs-1SiC Novel Composite
Authors: Tiwari Amit
Published: January 2025

Background:

Currently, aluminium alloys are extensively employed in many sectors
due to their desirable characteristics such as rigidity, low weight, appropriate heat conductivity,
and malleability. The alloy's mechanical characteristics will enhance as the solidification rate increases.
Given the potential of aluminium (Al) alloys and their composites for both light structural
and biomedical applications, it is wise to explore the development of a new Al component. Additionally,
it is necessary to monitor recent trends in the development of functional Al-alloy and
composite materials through an extensive patent search. Examining current patents in the relevant
field justifies the need to study this element.

Method:

The present paper reports the study on a novel aluminium composite cast developed
through a clean liquid metallurgical route, to assess the metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical
parameters using an optical microscope, EDX, EDS, and SEM analysis. The novel composite
Al-5GNPs-1SiC were prepared by stir casting technique at 600 rpm for 15 minutes. The solidified
ingots were subjected to heat treatment, such as ice water quenching, followed by ageing the
quenched novel aluminium composite at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C for two hours. For evaluation
of hardness, tensile strength and microstructure; the desired samples were prepared as per
usual standards. Graphene and silicon carbide reinforced aluminium composite were made in this
study, both reinforced particles are dispersed homogenously in the aluminium matrix, making
them an efficient reinforcing filer to avoid deformation.

Results:

The Al matrix with (5 wt. %) graphene and (1 wt. %) silicon carbide had 136 MPa yield
strength, 266 MPa ultimate strength, 15 (%) elongation, and 106 (VHN) at aged 200°C. Furthermore,
the morphological changes in the surface caused by ageing were analysed using a scanning
electron microscope, as is the fracture appearance of the shattered specimen exposed to tensile
strain. The results show that the silicon carbide particles do not have a higher impact in the phase
transformation process during composite solidification up to (1 wt. %) because they have no significant
influence on the novel composite phase structure. According to the SEM images, the dimples
and cleavages are increased with (5 wt %) of graphene particles added to the Al matrix. A
combination of ductile and brittle modes of fracture was identified during the tensile test of the
novel composite, according to fractography analysis performed on the samples using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) pictures.

Conclusion:

Stir casting and quench ageing produce remarkable mechanical characteristics and
structural homogeneity in the Al-5GNPs-1SiC novel composite.
ENHANCING THE SANDY SOIL STRUCTURE OF THE SAMAS COASTAL AREA USING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SLUDGE DERIVED FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
Authors: Lisan Ahmad Rif'an Khoirul , Amalia Dwi , Dewanti Tesa Oktafira , Pratama Aldy Putra , Putra Rizki Amanda , Yudhanto Katon Dwi , Azzahra Hilmaniya Shofia , Wardani Nina Anggita
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the potential of anaerobic digestion sludge derived from palm oil mill effluent (POME) to enhance the structure of sandy soils in the Samas Coastal Area, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Sandy soils, having low water retention and nutrient-holding capacity, present significant challenges for sustainable agriculture. By applying different volumes of digestate (0 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml, and 800 ml per kilogram of soil) in a 30-day greenhouse experiment, this research assessed the impact of POME sludge on soil structure improvements, particularly focusing on aggregation, porosity, and bulk density. Treatments with higher digestate volumes, especially 800 ml/kg, yielded substantial improvements in soil aggregation, contributing to better moisture retention. Enhanced aggregation facilitated improved water retention and root penetration, indicating that anaerobic digestion sludge could effectively amend sandy soil limitations. These findings underscore the potential of POME-derived organic amendments as sustainable soil conditioners, offering a dual benefit of waste valorization and enhanced agricultural productivity for marginal soils in coastal areas.
LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING IN SIBOLANGIT DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Panjaitan Frandica , Somantri Lili , Maruddani Rizki Feroza , Kartikasari Ika
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to find out and describe the use of GIS in mapping the level of landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The model used referred to the estimation of the 2004 Puslittanak, as it utilizes parameters that are easy to measure, widely available, and in accordance with the territory of Indonesia. These parameters include rainfall, rock type, soil type, slope gradient, and land cover.  The research methods used were overlay, scoring, and weighting. In the mapping process, each parameter had a score of classification multiplied by the weight of each parameter, then the results of the multiplication of the scores and weights were summed based on the suitability of their geographical location. The results of the study showed that the Sibolangit District area had the potential for landslides from low, medium to high levels. Based on the landslide disaster prediction model, the study area predominantly fell under the moderate susceptibility class, covering 15 villages. Additionally, 10 villages were identified with low vulnerability level and 5 villages with high vulnerability level. The use of GIS was also used to see the size of each area in Sibolangit District based on the level of vulnerability to landslide disasters. The level of validity of this map is quite good because it uses official data and methods suitable for the territory of Indonesia. Thus, it is accurate enough for the purpose of vulnerability identification and landslide disaster mitigation planning.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN BORON DALAM OPTIMASI PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS DI LAHAN KERING
Authors: Nugroho Gabryna Auliya , Hidayat Muhamad Taufiq , Albarki Georona Kusma , Siswanto  , Natajaya Andrean , Kurniawan Syahrul
Published: January 2025

The range between boron deficiency and toxicity in plants is utterly narrow, so that the certain dose of boron fertilizer is required for plants. Indicators of optimum boron fertilization can be measured from plant production and boron use efficiency (BUE) value. BUE influenced by the amount of soluble B-soil, type of B fertilizer, amount of boron input, type of plant, and adequacy of available macronutrients (NPK). However, excessive application of NPK base fertilizer from inorganic fertilizers can trigger soil degradation. Currently, there has not been much research that measures the reduction in the dose of NPK base fertilizer combined with boron fertilizer on plant BUE. The combination of reducing the dose of NPK base fertilizer and boron fertilizer was tested on sweet corn plants on production and BUE. This study was conducted with a randomized block design with 7 treatments, namely without fertilization (K0), base fertilization (D1), 100% base fertilization and 50–15% borate (D2–D4), and 75% base fertilization and 50–15% borate (D5–D7). The results of the initial soil analysis showed low boron content in the soil, so borate fertilization was required to provide nutrients for sweet corn plants. Application of NPK base fertilizer (100%) and addition of borate fertilizer at a dose of 50-100% (~3-6 kg/ha) significantly increased growth, plant biomass, B uptake, boron recovery efficiency (BRE), and B fertilizer efficiency ratio, compared to lower NPK-base fertilizer. Based on the estimated response curve, the recommended dose to achieve optimum-maximum sweet corn production and maximum boron recovery efficiency is 100% macro inorganic fertilization (urea, SP-36, KCl) combined with 5.72-6.75 kg/ha borate fertilizer.
PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOGEOTEKSTIL DAN PROBIOTIK TERHADAP RESPIRASI TANAH DAN BIOMASSA MIKROBA DALAM BUDIDAYA KENTANG DI ANDISOL
Authors: Fajriyah Azizatul , Utami Sri Rahayu , Maulidiyah Nurul , Permatasari Wulan , Yu-Min Wang , Suprayogo Didik
Published: January 2025

Soil respiration and microbial biomass are key biological indicators for soil fertility, especially in the context of agricultural sustainability. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a high-demand crop; their cropping system often ignores conservation principles, causing land degradation. Applying biogeotextiles and probiotics might be potential solution to reduce erosion and maintain soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of biogeotextile and probiotic applications on soil respiration and microbial biomass as indicators of soil health in potato farming in Andisols. Randomized Block Design Factorial was used with biogeotextile application as the first factor and and probiotic as the second factor. Four treatments were applied, i.e., control (no treatment), biogeotextile, probiotic, and a combination of biogeotextile and probiotic. Soil pH, % organic C, % N-total, and soil microbial Carbon were measured in 0, 40, and 80 days after treatment (dat), while soil respiration were observed every week. The results showed that the application of biogeotextiles and probiotics had no significant effect on soil pH, soil organic C, and soil N-Total. Microbial biomass remained stable until 80 dat, however, it tended to increase in the final growth phase, irrespective to the effect of biogeotextile and probiotic applications. Soil respiration showed a fluctuating pattern, with a significant increase on 35 and 42 day after planting. This study emphasizes the need for long-term observations to further understand the impact of biogeotextile and probiotic applications on soil biochemical properties in Andisols.
PENGARUH DOLOMIT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT, SERAPAN Ca, Mg, P DAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS
Authors: Nopriani Lenny Sri , Ramadhani Filka , Ishaq Rizki Maulana , Kurniawan Syahrul , Hidayat Muhamad Taufiq , Albarki Georona Kusma
Published: January 2025

weet corn productivity in Indonesia is still in the low category. One of the causes is the problem of soil with low pH. Soil with a low pH causes the availability of nutrients to decrease, thereby inhibiting plant growth and development. Efforts can be made to add dolomite, because hydrolyzed dolomite can increase nutrient availability in the soil. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the effect of adding various doses of dolomite on soil chemical properties, plant uptake of Ca, Mg and P, population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and sweet corn productivity in the Tegalan Land of Junrejo Village, Batu City, East Java. The research design used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 9 treatments with 3 replications. Treatment consisted of: M0 = control; M1 = 100% N, P, K; M2 = 100% N,P,K + 100% Kieserite; M3 = 100% N,P,K + 50% Dolomit; M4 = 100%  N,P,K + 100% Dolomit; M5 = 100%  N,P,K + 150% Dolomit; M6 = 75%  N,P,K + 50% Dolomit; M7 = 75%  N,P,K + 100% Dolomit; M8 = 75%  N,P,K + 150% Dolomit. The data was analyzed for diversity using R studio software and continued with the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test at 5% level. Next, to see the relationship and influence between parameters, correlation and regression tests were carried out. The findings demonstrated that adding 2.8 tonnes of dolomite per hectare might raise soil CEC (50.61%) and pH (13.41%). In addition, the addition of 4.2 tons/ha of dolomite was able to decrease soil P-available (5.65%), increase Ca-dd (26.4%), Mg-dd (85%), Ca absorption (165.12%), Mg absorption (366.67%), P absorption (78.57%), and sweet corn yield (78.04%). The addition of different doses of dolomite did not significantly alter the overall population parameter of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Furthermore, the link between sweet corn yield and nutritional absorption was both robust and weak. The increase in sweet corn output was impacted by P, Ca, and Mg absorption by 54.54%, 41.21%, and 42.79%, respectively.
ESTIMASI ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN MELAYANG DAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DI KAWASAN EKOSISTEM PENTING LAHAN BASAH MASANGAT SUWI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: As Muli Edwin , Murtinah Veronika , Bang Falentino Usat , Sulistyorini Iin Sumbada , Kusneti Monica , Isa Nur Linda
Published: January 2025

The Important Ecosystem Area of ​​Mesangat Suwi Wetlands has a total area of ​​around 14,722.69 ha located in East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. These wetlands have a strategic role as a regulators of the upstream water system, a source of freshwater fisheries, and a habitat for important protected animals. This study aimed to determine the rate of suspended sediment transport and river water quality. The study was conducted in two stages, the first was data and sample collection in the field, and the second was laboratory testing. The results of the study showed that the river water discharge and TSS in the Suwi and Masangat Rivers at the study location were directly proportional to the height of suspended sediment. The total average of suspended sediment in Suwi was smaller, it's 0.79 tons/year compared to Masangat at 2.64 tons/year. suspended sediment grains could settle and become bottom sediment. The rate of sedimentation in the river would accelerate the shallowing process which affected the wetlands ecosystem. The reduction in vegetated or forested areas in the Masangat wetlands was due to high human activity compared to Suwi. Currently, the water quality in the study areas, including COD, BOD, TDS, and TSS, is generally still below the standard quality threshold and is categorized as class two, namely water that can be used for freshwater fish farming, recreational facilities, livestock farming, and can be used to irrigate crops or rice fields.
SISTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Satria Rievansyah Eka , Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Sule Marenda Ishak Sonjaya , Suriadikusumah Abraham , Irwandhi
Published: January 2025

Climate is an important factor which influences the growth and productivity of oil palm. The current oil palm cultivation system is vulnerable to climate change. For example, there was a decline in global oil palm production in 2015 due to ENSO, particularly affecting Southeast Asia. Extreme drought causes oil palm plants to experience water stress, while forest fires due to drought inhibit the photosynthesis process. A comprehensive study of the Systematic Literature Review was carried out using bibliometric analysis, systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methods, using the search engines Scopus and ScienceDirect with the keywords “palm AND oil AND production AND climate AND change”, “impact AND climate AND change AND coconut palm AND oil”, “palm AND oil AND adaptation AND climate AND change”, “palm AND oil AND mitigation AND climate AND change”. A thorough scientific literature review obtained 1331 papers from Scopus and ScienceDirect. Out of these, only 26 articles were selected for further examination. Based on the literature, there are several strategies for increasing oil palm productivity in the era of climate change. These strategies can be done through agronomic management, providing fertilizer from oil palm biomass, and maintaining irrigation for water availability. This literature study provides recommendations for strategies for increasing oil palm productivity in the face of climate change.
Political Marketing Strategy: Efforts of Regional Head Candidates to Attract the Sympathy of Voters in Wajo Regency
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the most effective communication strategies, personal branding, social media utilization, and data-driven campaign methods in influencing public opinion and mobilizing support. Qualitative descriptive research methods were employed to collect data through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and the analysis of documents pertinent to political campaigns. The result showed that the primary strategies employed by regional head candidates encompass the construction of a favorable image, placing campaign props in pivotal locations, and adapting campaign messages to align with the region's social, cultural, and community characteristics. The strategic incorporation of marketing components can potentially enhance a candidate's probability of electoral success. Both candidates continue to construct a robust and favorable image, optimize the utilization of campaign props, leverage social media as a dynamic communication tool, and provide pertinent and engaging campaign content. It is imperative to acknowledge that this research is constrained by certain limitations, particularly concerning the data employed, which is contextual and region-specific. Consequently, the findings may be challenging to generalize to other regions with disparate social, cultural, and political attributes. Therefore, further research must be conducted to evaluate the influence of ethical and regulatory frameworks on the utilization of political marketing techniques, including matters about data privacy and misinformation. Such an approach will contribute to the advancement of a robust and flourishing democratic system.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the termokarst lakes evolution using remote sensing and randomized machine learning and forecasting
Authors: Dubnov Yuri , Popkov Alexey , Popkov Yuri , Kuprianov Matvey , Polyschuk Vladimir , Melnikov Andrey , Polyschuk Yuri
Published: January 2025

The work is devoted to the problem of forecasting the evolution of the area of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic permafrost zone using the analysis of test areas from several geographical regions. The approach proposed in the work is based on the Randomized Machine Learning method for constructing mathematical models of lake area from climate indicators, learning the model on real data and further forecasting. The results of modeling the dynamics of lake areas using linear static and dynamic models are presented and compared. It is shown that proposed dynamic model can significantly reduce the average modeling error
The Aerated Compost Extract Increases Growth and Productivity of Red Spinach Plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Siswanti Dwi Umi
Published: January 2025

Synthetic fertilizers are widely used in agriculture to increase crop yields. However, the impact can suppress soil microbial life and reduce soil quality. Therefore, a study about fertilizer alternative that does not have an environmental bad impact is necessary, and one of which is a study of compost extract. Compost extract is a liquid extract produced from soaking compost for several days by aeration or non-aeration. The aims of the research are to determine the effect and the best dosage of aerated and non-aerated compost extract on plant growth and productivity. The plant that will be used in this research is red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). This reaserch is conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment of compost extract dosage. The chemical parameters of the compost extract analyzed included carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels. Parameters observed are plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves; root shoot ratio; and levels of vitamin C. Data is analyzed using Analysis of variance (Anova), and differences between treatments will test with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 95%. The aerated compost extract with an optimum concentration of 75% increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of stems and leaves, and dry weight of stems. The aerated compost extract with 100% optimum concentration increased root fresh weight, root and leaf dry weight, root:shoot ratio, and vitamin C.
Keywords: Amaranthus tricolor L.; aerated compost extract;  non-aerated compost extract;  plant growth; plant productivity.
Tradisi Pembuidau Dan Kandeko Di Kampung Mambui Distrik Urifaisey, Kabupaten Waropen, Papua Dalam Pelaksanaan Etnokonservasi Tumbuhan Mangrove
Authors: Sujarta Puguh
Published: January 2025

Abstrak: Papua memiliki sumber daya alam, keanekaragaman hayati dan kearifan lokal (untuk mengelola sumberdaya di wilayah pesisir dan laut). Tujuan penelitian: pertama, untuk mengetahui pengetahuan tradisi Pembuidau dan Kandeko; kedua, untuk mengetahui pengetahuan etnokonservasi tumbuhan mangrove. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode survei, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil survei menunjukkan ada tujuh jenis tumbuhan mangrove yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat meliputi bagian daun, batang, akar, bunga dan buah. Kesimpulan: pertama, Tradisi Pembuidau dan Kandeko merupakan kearifan lokal masyarakat Mambui meliputi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berupa pembersihan tempat dan penanaman tumbuhan mangrove; kedua, Etnokonservasi tumbuhan mangrove dalam rangkaian pemanfaatan oleh masyarakat. Rekomendasinya perlu pelestarian tradisi ini untuk menjaga ekosistem tumbuhan mangrove.
Research on Nobel Literature Prize winner Yan Mo’s Transformations of Writing Styles from the Perspective of Magical Realism
Authors: Miao Xueyuan
Published: January 2025

Yan Mo, China’s first Nobel Prize winner for literature, has largely experienced two transformations of writing styles. However, magical realism has always been the main characteristics of his writing creation. During the first period ( between the year 1981 to the time he studied in PLA Academy of Arts) , he concentrated chiefly on his daily life in the army and his writing style was soft and fresh. Then using bold brushstrokes and unique perspectives, he turned to depict the colorful stories of numerous characters in his hometown with magical realism and rich imagination, leading him all the way to his winning of the Nobel Prize for literature in 2012. After experiencing about five years of creative silence, Yan Mo experienced another creative transformation from novels to dramas with the publication of the drama Crocodile as a representative. Dramas are significant components of Yan Mo’s literary works, but most people only attach great importance to Yan Mo’s researches on magical realism in his novels. Fewer people do researches about his dramas, with even fewer researchers making comparison between Yan Mo’s Transformation of Writing styles. So this article is to use the textual analysis to explore the factors that account for his use of magical realism in the two transformations and analyze the inheritances and developments in his writing Characteristics of magical realism in the two stages. In a word, there are four purposes for this paper : (1) to explore the development of magical realism in Yan Mo’s literary creation and the contributing factors. (2) to explore the transformations of magical realism before Yan Mo won the Nobel Prize for literature and its Unique characteristics. (3) to explore the differences of the use of magical Realism after he won the Noble Prize for literature in 2012. (4) to explore the reasons for Yan Mo’s transformation and conclude the research gap.
Research on Cultural Subjectivity Challenges and Strategies for AI Translation in the Era of Large Language Models
Authors: Li Xinxing
Published: January 2025

In the context of the accelerated globalization process, cross-language communication is becoming increasingly frequent, involving a wider variety of languages and cultural differences. This has driven a rapid growth in the demand for multilingual translation. This trend has led to the widespread application and in-depth research of large language models based on artificial intelligence in the field of translation. However, the diversity and complexity of languages present numerous challenges for these language models during their development, especially when it comes to accurately addressing cultural differences between source and target languages in translation practice. Specifically, AI translation tools often struggle to fully convey the cultural connotations and values of the source language in English translations, and may even fail to adequately address or downplay cultural differences. This can result in mistranslations or hollow translations at the cultural level.
Cultural Confidence in the Perspective of the Development of Chinese Excellent Music Culture
Authors: Zhao Hongxin , Zhang Yujia
Published: January 2025

Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly mentioned cultural confidence. Cultural self-confidence is essential for a nation and a country, and plays an important role in the development of the traditional excellent culture of the nation and the enhancement of the cultural soft power of the nation as well as the comprehensive national power. Chinese culture has a history and civilization of 5000 years, and its culture is even more profound and profound. In this paper, we will discuss the definition of the concept of cultural self-confidence and the relationship between the two, the importance of the development of Chinese outstanding music culture in the “cultural self-confidence” and how to do a good job in the development of Chinese outstanding music culture in the “cultural self-confidence” in three aspects, aiming to provide a good opportunity for the development of Chinese outstanding music culture and how to do a good job in the “cultural self-confidence”. It aims to provide reference for the development of Chinese excellent music culture and how to do a good job of “cultural self-confidence”.
Distinctions and Similarities between Nothingness and the Not-being
Authors: Godínez Héctor Sevilla
Published: January 2025

Among the concepts derived from Nothingness, whether to find either similarities or differences, is that of the not-being. The essential arguments will be shown to understand that Nothingness is not the not-being, and that this is simply a manifestation of it. Likewise, the distinction between Nothingness and Nihilism will be boarded, making it noted that the latter is only one way of appreciating Nothingness; understanding from it that the concept is not the same as that which is conceptualized.
The Rise of Japanese Designer Brands in the Late 20s(2)
Authors: Zou Hanshu
Published: January 2025

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“The Pharmacy of the World”: The Rise of India’s Pharmaceutical Patent Regime
Authors: Yan Sam
Published: January 2025

When India achieved its hard-fought independence, it inherited both a blazing hope for the future and the burdens of its colonial past. These realities converged as the nation embarked on the path toward self-reliance in pharmaceutical and patent law. Beginning with the British patent law imposed in 1856, India grappled with its inadequacies—particularly its susceptibility to foreign monopolies and the stifling of domestic competition. The solution was clear: the establishment of a distinct, resilient, and innovative Indian patent regime to address these challenges. Through a long and arduous journey, starting at independence and culminating in the landmark Patents Act of 2005 and beyond, India struck a balance between safeguarding patent rights and ensuring equitable access to essential medicines. In doing so, the post-colonial nation earned its place as the “pharmacy of the world”, dedicated to fostering both innovation and public welfare.
Enhancing Personal Health Record Security Through Blockchain-Based Authentication
Authors: Farea Ibrahim K.Q. , Hassan Ahmed.N.A.A.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive information in various domains,
including healthcare. In traditional Personal Health Record (PHR) systems, patients often lack control over their health records
as these systems are managed by a central authority. This centralization renders PHRs susceptible to data breaches,
unauthorized access, tampering, and misuse. Blockchain technology, due to its decentralized and immutable characteristics,
presents a viable way to improve the security and privacy of PHR systems.
This paper explores the application of blockchain to develop a decentralized PHR web application. The proof of concept
demonstrates how blockchain and smart contracts can be utilized to manage data access and permissions, empowering patients
with control over their health records while ensuring security and transparency. Moreover, a comprehensive study was
conducted to evaluate the system's performance, including the effectiveness of smart contracts for secure access control, the
transaction flow in the blockchain network, and the robustness of the authentication mechanisms. The results highlight the
feasibility and advantages of a blockchain-based approach in addressing critical challenges of traditional PHR systems.
Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Sektor Informal terhadap Kesesuaian Upah di Indonesia
Authors: Yosephine Adinda  , Jefri Hari Akbar
Published: January 2025

Dewasa ini, perkembangan sektor ekonomi yang semakin maju tidak luput dari pekerja yang ikut serta memegang peran penting. Peranan andil pekerja tidak hanya terbatas pada sektor formal tetapi juga sektor informal. Meninjau realitas di Indonesia, mayoritas pekerja masih termasuk dalam pekerja sektor informal. Pekerja sektor informal tergolong dalam kelompok rentan karena kurangnya akan perlindungan sosial terkait hak-hak yang dimilikinya, khususnya realita bahwa seringkali upah yang diterima jauh dari kategori layak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana perkembangan peraturan hukum di Indonesia yang tertuang dalam melindungi upah yang layak bagi pekerja sektor informal dan perbaikan yang bisa dilakukan dalam memastikan kesejahteraan pekerja sektor informal. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan aturan-aturan hukum yang ada dan dokumen-dokumen lain terkait yang mendukung dalam kelengkapan topik yang diusung. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwasanya pemenuhan hak akan upah yang layah bagi pekerja sektor informal melalui regulasi yang ada masih belum tertuang secara implisit maupun eksplisit.
Abstract
Protection of Informal Sector Workers regarding Wage Compliance in Indonesian RegulationsToday, the advancing development of the economic sector is inseparable from the crucial role played by workers. The contribution of workers extends beyond the formal sector to include the informal sector. Surveying the reality in Indonesia, the majority of workers are still classified as informal sector workers. Informal sector workers belong to a vulnerable group due to the lack of social protection concerning their rights, particularly the often inadequate wages they receive. This research aims to understand how the development of legal regulations in Indonesia, aimed at protecting fair wages for informal sector workers, has unfolded and what improvements can be made to ensure the well-being of these workers. The research methodology employs a literature review by collecting existing legal regulations and other relevant documents that support the completeness of the discussed topic. The study reveals that the fulfillment of the right to fair wages for informal sector workers through existing regulations is still not explicitly or implicitly stated.
Pemahaman Kepastian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah pada Aparatur dan Masyarakat Desa Benjor- Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Anadi Yandri Radhi Anadi , Faisol  , Rizki Rizki
Published: January 2025

Keberadaan kepastian hukum merupakan sebuah bentuk perlindungan bagi pencari keadilan terhadap tindakan sewenang-wenang, yang berarti bahwa seseorang akan dan dapat memperoleh sesuatu yang diharapkan dalam keadaan tertentu secara pasti. pada wilayah Desa Benjor masih terdapat kekurangan pemahaman terhadap sejauh mana kepastian hukum hak atas tanah yang harus diterapkan, baik dilingkup aparatur desa itu sendiri maupun untuk masyarakat. Maka dengan itu diperlukan ekskalasi pemahaman terhadap kepastian hukum hak atas tanah agar tercipatanya tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik dan perwujudan cita-cita untuk keadilan bagi masyrakat melalui pendaftaran tanag yang sudah ditentukan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya intensitas pengetahuan aparatur desa dan masyarakat desa terhadap kepastian hukum hak atas tanah di Desa Benjor serta hambatan aparatur desa dan masyarakat Desa Benjor untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum terhadap hak atas tanah. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitia yuridis empiris, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosilogis.
 
Abstract
Understanding of Legal Certainty of Land Rights in the Apparatus and Communities of Benjor Village, Malang Regency.The existence of legal certainty is a form of protection for justice seekers against arbitrary actions, which means that someone will and can get something that is expected under certain circumstances with certainty. in the Benjor Village area there is still a lack of understanding of the extent to which legal certainty of land rights must be applied, both within the village apparatus itself and for the community. So with that it is necessary to escalate understanding of legal certainty of land rights so that good governance is created and the realization of the ideals of justice for the community through land registration which has been determined by laws and regulations. The problems in this study include the intensity of knowledge of village officials and village communities regarding legal certainty of land rights in Benjor Village and obstacles to village apparatus and the people of Benjor Village in obtaining legal certainty regarding land rights. The type of research used is empirical juridical research, using a sociological juridical approach.
Treasurer's Experience In Applying Average Effective Rates For Income Tax 21
Authors: Faisol Moh , Norsain Norsain , Rofiqi Imam
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to understand the experience of treasurer taxpayers in withholding taxes based on TER PPh 21 at KPP Pratama ZA.
Methodology/approach: The researcher uses an interpretive approach with a phenomenological method. The researcher interviewed 11 treasurer taxpayers from different institutional backgrounds, such as government agencies, state-owned enterprises, hospitals, private companies, and foundations. Data analysis uses spiral data analysis.
Findings: Income Tax 21 withholding using TER provides convenience to treasurers because it is supported by the integrated e-bupot 21/26 feature.
Practical implications: This study underscores the ease and efficiency of treasured taxpayers in withholding Income Tax 21 is significantly enhanced by information technology, thereby providing practical insights for tax professionals and individuals interested in tax withholding practices.
Originality/value: This study understands the experience of the treasurer in withholding Income Tax 21 using the average effective rate (TER) with spiral data analysis
Development of e-modul based on three-dimensional thinking graph to improve critical reasoning of junior high school students
Authors: Nuha Ulin , Cahyani Aulia Rizky Nur , Supeno S. , Rusdianto R. , Wahyuni Diah , Fadhilah Rizka Elan
Published: January 2025

The process of strengthening character education in Indonesia is encapsulated in the initiative to enhance the Profil Pelajar Pancasila, with critical reasoning being one of its key dimensions. In the context of science education, critical reasoning involves engaging students in the development and testing of hypotheses. This study aims to evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of an e-module designed based on three-dimensional thinking graphs, intended to enhance critical reasoning among junior high school students in science learning. The research employs the ADDIE development model, with data collected through observation, interviews, tests (pretest and posttest), validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and implementation observation sheets. Results indicate that the e-module is highly valid, with a 93% validation score from experts, practical according to both observers (93%) and student responses (84.4%), and moderately effective, with an effectiveness score of 0.62. These findings suggest that the three-dimensional thinking graph-based e-module is a suitable tool for improving critical reasoning in the science learning process.
Conceiving intelligent territories from the experience of Asopasquillita: environmental education and agroecology
Authors: Correa Asmuss Gustavo , Nova Laverde Mariluz , Rendón Acevedo Jaime Alberto
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The environmental crisis, socio-environmental conflicts, and territorial injustices present the challenge of building sustainable cities and communities (Sustainable Development Goal 11). Recognizing and strengthening collective peasant action experiences is key to advancing toward smart, sustainable, and just territories. Objective: This article analyzes the organizational, pedagogical-environmental, and agroecological capacities of Asopasquillita, to propose strategies to strengthen its territory against urban pressures. Methodology: The research adopts the theory of transformation applied to possible territories and the Territorii Method, exploring "real," "lived," and "possible" territorialities within a participatory approach. Techniques such as document review, social mapping, and participatory rural diagnostics were used to identify socio-environmental challenges and opportunities for sustainable development.Results: The results show that urban expansion and pressure on natural resources create conflicts that affect the sustainability of the territory. The community perceives the city as a threat, which has motivated Asopasquillita to implement agroecological practices and environmental education to defend its territory. Conclusions: The "territorial intelligence" approach proves effective by integrating local and academic knowledge in building sustainable solutions to current socio-environmental crises.
Passive privatization and financial crisis of public higher education in Colombia
Authors: Portillo Riascos Luis Hernando
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This article examines the challenges posed by the current funding scheme for public universities in Colombia, where there is a clear contradiction between the growing needs of these institutions and the budget allocated by the State for their operation. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects generated as a consequence of the passive privatization strategy implemented through Law 30 of 1992. Methodology: The research approach is quantitative, with a descriptive scope. Methodologically, two dimensions are addressed: management and financing indicators. The analysis period spans from 1993 to 2022. The data used mainly comes from databases and reports published by the Ministry of Education. Results: As a result of this research, it was found that, despite the increase in educational coverage over the last three decades, the funding for public universities has been inadequate. Moreover, it was noted that the state’s strategy for providing educational services progressively favored demand-side subsidies at the expense of transfers to public institutions. Conclusions: This situation threatens the sustainability of these institutions while leading to a noticeable deterioration in the quality of service provision.