bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La medicina en los tiempos de Oliver Twist: análisis de la obra de Dickens = Medicine in the times of Oliver Twist: analysis of the work of Dickens
Authors: García de la Quintana Alfonso
Published: December 2018

Resumen: Introducción: La literatura Universal es una fuente de datos para conocer las enfermedades a través de la historia. Objetivo: Fomentar que los lectores exploren las enfermedades y mejoren su salud por medio de la literatura. Metodología: El texto seleccionado es Oliver Twist por ser el más conocido de charles Dickens en su versión inglesa y española. Se analizan todos los textos relacionados con la salud y se escogen los más representativos, así como los que más se repiten. También se hace una comparación con la situación en España en aquellos años. Resultados: El nivel de desarrollo de Gran Bretaña era mucho mayor que el de España. La tecnología había llegado al campo, a las minas y a la ciudad. Las epidemias, el sistema sanitario, los accidentes laborales no tenían muchas similitudes debido al atraso que sufría España. Conclusión: La literatura sirve para concienciar a la opinión pública de la importancia de la salud. Se debe fomentar la literatura como instrumento de prevención de enfermedades, incluso hay escritores que describen enferme­dades sin saberlo.Palabras clave: Educación para la salud; literatura; Dickens; medicina.Abstract: Introduction: Universal literature is a source of data to know diseases through history. Aims: Encourage readers to explore diseases and improve their health through literature. Methodology: The selected text is Oliver Twist for being the best known of Charles Dickens in his English and Spanish version. All the texts related to health are analyzed and the most representative ones are chosen, as well as those that are most repeated. A comparison is also made with the situation in Spain in those years. Results: The level of development of Great Britain was much higher than that of Spain. Technology had reached the countryside, the mines and the city. The epidemics, the health system, work accidents did not have many similarities due to the backwardness suffered by Spain. Conclusion: Literature serves to raise public awareness of the importance of health. Literature should be encouraged as an instrument for the prevention of diseases, even writers who describe diseases without knowing it.Keywords: Health education; literature; Dickens; medicine.
Comunicación y salud: La gestión de la crisis del Ébola a través de las redes sociales = Communication and Health: The management of the Ebola Crisis Through Social Networks
Authors: Guzmán do Nascimento Beatriz
Published: December 2018

Resumen: El brote de Ébola de 2014 fue el mayor brote epidémico producido por este virus en su historia. La gestión de la comunicación relacionada con el brote trajo consigo una crisis con implicaciones para las autoridades sanitarias, políticas y mediáticas. Una situación que ha resaltado la impor­tancia de una comunicación sanitaria eficiente en tiempos de crisis. Esta investigación realiza una revisión sobre veinte publicaciones científicas que han aparecido en los últimos años (2014 a 2017) y que hacen referencia al tratamiento de la crisis del Ébola a través de las redes sociales. Los resultados sugieren que la gestión de esta comunicación fue mínima y la divulgación, escasa. Las instituciones tampoco usaron adecuadamente las redes para ampliar información o resolver dudas de la ciudadanía.Palabras clave: Ébola; Riesgo; Salud; Comunicación de crisis; Redes Sociales; Twitter.Abstract: The Ebola 2014’s outbreak was the largest outbreak of this virus in its history. The management of communication surrounding the outbreak resulted in a crisis with implications for health, political and media authorities. This situation highlited the importance of an effective health communication in crisis times. Therefore, this investigation carried out a review of twenty scientific publications which have appeared in recent years (2014 to 2017) and which refer to the treatment of Ebola crisis through social networks. The results indicate that the management of this communication was minimal and the divulgation, quite limited. The institutions also did not use this networkss to expand information or resolve citizens’ doubts.Keywords: Ebola; Risk; Health; Crisis Communication; Social Networks; Twitter.
Comunicación y escucha activa por parte del profesional de Enfermería a pacientes con cáncer ginecológico: una revisión bibliográfica = Nursing staff communication and active listening to patients with gynecological cancer: a bibliographic review
Authors: Cara Rodríguez Rosalia , Avilés Sáez Zaraida , López Trinidad Luisa María
Published: December 2018

Resumen: Introducción: Las mujeres con cualquier tipo de cáncer ginecológico necesitan conocer toda la infor­mación acerca de su enfermedad, por lo que un buen abordaje de la información por el personal de Enfermería, es fundamental para realizar un abordaje completo a dichas pacientes. Como objetivos se delimitaron: conocer las necesidades de escucha activa entre los profesionales de Enfermería, describir la necesidad de comunicación en las mujeres con cáncer ginecológico en fases de diagnóstico y trata­miento, y, determinar recomendaciones primordiales para una comunicación y escucha activa ante el paciente oncológico. Método: Revisión bibliográfica sobre la comunicación y escucha activa enfermera en pacientes con cáncer ginecológico. Resultados y discusión: En la mayoría de los estudios revisados se afirma la necesidad de formación en comunicación del profesional de Enfermería, para crear una re­lación terapéutica adecuada a las necesidades del paciente; las pacientes deberán adquirir información acerca de su enfermedad para así poder superarla física y mentalmente. Conclusiones: Una adecuada información a las pacientes con cáncer ginecológico mejora los resultados psicosociales, disminuyendo síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión.Palabras clave: Cáncer ginecológico; Comunicación; Escucha activa; Enfermería.Abstract: Introduction: Women which have any kind of gynecological cancer need to know all the information about their disease, therefore a good approach to the information by the Nursing staff is vital to make a com­plete approach to these patients. As objectives were delimited: were to know about the active listening in Nursing staff, describe the need of communication in women with gynecological cancer during the diagnostic and treatment phase; determine fundamental recommendations for a good communication and active listening to the oncological patient. Methods: We conducted a literature review of commu­nication and active listening by nurses in patients with gynecological cancer. Findings: In most of the studies reviewed the training is claims the need to educate Nursing staff in communication skills, to de­velop a therapeutic relationship which accommodate to patient’s needs; patients should receive detailed information about their disease to overcome it physically and mentally. Conclusions: An information to women with gynecological cancer improves the psychosocial results decreasing their anxiety, stress and depression symptoms.Keywords: Gynecological cancer; Communication; Active listenning; Nursing.
Publicidad de medicamentos y recepción audiovisual en Argentina. Un análisis de los reclamos realizados por las audiencias televisivas = Audiovisual publics and drug advertisement. An analysis of the claims received by the Publics Ombusmen
Authors: Ariza Lucía , Carballo Manuel
Published: December 2018

Resumen: El artículo examina los reclamos sobre publicidades de medicamentos realizados entre el 2012 y el 2017 por las audiencias de la radio y la televisión argentina en un organismo público nacional, la Defensoría del Público de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual. En base a un análisis estructurado sobre la noción de “campo semántico” (Adelstein, 1996), se destaca que el principal eje de incomodidad presentado por las audiencias es el de la “discriminación”, antes que otro tipo de objeciones ligadas más estrechamente al campo de la salud y de los medicamentos. El artículo se centra en dos casos que han captado la mayor cantidad de reclamos, una publicidad de un medicamento para síntomas menstruales y otra sobre un producto para combatir el acné. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a una reflexión sobre las implicancias de las denuncias como mecanismo interpelador del Estado y promotor de la agencia ciudadana; así como la presencia y relevancia del concepto de “campo semántico” para el análisis de las denuncias.Palabras clave: salud; audiencias audiovisuales; participación ciudadana; servicios audiovisuales; campo semántico; Argentina.Abstract: The article examines the claims regarding drug advertisement presented by Argentine radio and TV audiences to the national media ombudsman between 2012 and 2017. Basing on the notion of ‘se­mantic field’ (Adelstein 1996), the analysis highlights that, rather than a discomfort felt with elements strictly related to ‘health’ or ‘medications’, ‘discrimination’ is the main source of complaint among Argentine media audiences. The article centres on the analysis of two cases which were the aim of the majority of claims: the advertisement of a drug to relieve menstruation-related pain, and a drug against acne. The results of this study contribute to a consideration of the implications of claims as a mechanism that fosters civic participation and the interpelation of the State; and the presence and relevance of the category of ‘semantic field’ for the analysis of claims.Keywords: health; audiovisual publics; civil participation; audiovisual services; semantic field; Argentina.
Effect of enzyme preparation Ceramics 6XMG on indicators of oat malt quality
Authors: Agafonov G. V. , Chusova A. E. , Zelenkova A. V. , Plotnikov V. E.
Published: December 2018

One of the effective ways to increase the malt capacity of existing plants is the use of complex enzyme preparations. The enzyme preparation of complex action, penetrating into the grain during soaking or germination, affect its powdery body, contributing to the loosening of the cell membranes and the endosperm itself, thereby accelerating the process of malting. A purpose of researches is development of technology of fermented oat malt with the use of enzyme drug Ceramics 6ХМG. This enzyme preparation with complex action, has ?-amylase, protease, ?-glucanase, pentosanase, cellulose activities. As the object of study was taken oats Kozyr’ variety. Amylolytic ability of malt was determined by colorimetric method, proteolytic-refractometric method (according to Petrov). It was established that as a result of the use of Ceremix 6XMG in an amount of 0.1–0.5 kg per ton of grain, a more pronounced increase in amylolytic and proteolytic ability compared to the control (without the use of an enzyme preparation) occurs at a dosage of 0.5 kg per ton of grain. It is impractical to introduce Ceremix 6HMG in the amount of 0.5 kg per ton of grain, because the enzymatic activity of oat malt is only 6.4–6.6% higher than that of malt treated with an enzyme preparation in the amount of 0.3 kg per ton of grain. It was found that the use of the enzyme preparation Ceremix 6HMG allows to improve the quality of oat malt by improving organoleptic characteristics, increasing the mass fraction of extractives, as well as to intensify the process by reducing the drying time by 10-12 hours, which is important for the preservation of biologically active substances and energy resources.
Determination of technological parameters of the granulation of mixed fodders for young rabbits and the evaluation of their effectiveness
Authors: Shentsova E. S. , Kurchaeva E. E. , Vostroilov A. V. , Esaulova L. A.
Published: December 2018

The composition of all-mashes for young rabbits when granulating liquid grain molasses was introduced as a binder. To find the optimal parameters of the process of granulation of all-mashes containing grain molasses, studies were conducted on an experimental setup. To improve the nutritional value and digestibility of all-mashes in the recipes were introduced probiotic feed additive "Sportermin", "Prostor" sorbents "Carbitoks" and "Fungistat-GPK". To find the optimal parameters of the process of granulation of all - mashes, studies were conducted on an experimental setup,including a press granulator, using the method of statistical planning of a multifactorial experiment. Mathematical models of the process of granulation of mixed fodders with grain molasses, establishing the dependence of granularity and energy consumption of the selected factors: as a result of granulation of loose feed under optimal conditions of good quality granules. As a result of a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of complete granulated all-mashwe found that the resulting all-mash, investigated by physico-chemical, organoleptic, microbiological and safety indices, meet the requirements for all-mash for feeding young rabbits. It is established that the rabbits of the experimental groups receiving a balanced, prepared in accordance with the detailed rules of the diet arebetter digested nutrients of the feed compared with the control peers, which further had a positive impact on the performance of their meat productivity. Enrichment of mixed fodders for feeding livestock calves rabbits probiotic microorganisms comprising the probiotic used preparations has a positive influence on meat efficiency, preservation and increase of biological value of rabbit meat.The developed recipes of complete feed with the introduction of feed probiotic additives will increase their digestibility by 10-15%.
The account of water activity in the calculation of the rate of food product shrinkage
Authors: Erlikhman V. N. , Fatykhov Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

Refrigiration treatment and storing of the food product involves its mass loss due to its drying. The loss of mass and quality of food products is determined by ambient temperature and moisture parameters and water activity of the product itself. The use of existing formulas for calculating heat and mass exchange processes of refrigeration treatment and storage of food product is limited, because they don’t lake into account water activity and its temperature dependence on this parameter. A formula has been obtained for calculating the rate of food product shrinkage, considering the hygrothermal and thermophysical properties of the product and the environment, as well as the conditions for heat and mass transfer. The technological parameter of "water activity", with the increase of which the rate of evaporation of moisture from the product surface increases linearly, has been account in this formula. For determining dependence of food product water activity on temperature range within negative meaning it is suggested to use an analogue of tissue moisture possessing properties of diluted molecular solution. A criterion adequacy behavior of tissue moisture of food product and its analogue may be the share of frozen water. As analogue of tissue juice of food products the water solution of ethyl alcohol with mass concentration of 0.025 and temperature of freezing beginning 1(C is taken. Satisfactory results of comparing calculated and experimental data for temperature range of (1…34)(C have been obtained, which corresponds to industrial modes of buck food products refrigeration processes. Within this temperature range the water activity of water solution of ethyl alcohol drops with the temperature lowering from 0.990 to 0.748, in average amounts to water activity decrease of 0.007 to each degree of temperature drop.
The study of the properties of sweet cream butter with flavoring components
Authors: Dolmatova O. I. , Sharshov A. S.
Published: December 2018

The technology of sweet-sour dessert oil with maple syrup has been developed. It is of scientific interest to study its quality indices when stored. The organoleptic characteristics of the butter of the sweetener with flavor components were determined in the scores. The score of the ball was 20 points. The chemical parameters of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup are found: mass fraction of fat, not less than – 62%, mass fraction of dry substances, not less – 9,5%, mass fraction of moisture, not more than – 28,5%. The conformity of oil indicators with the norms specified in TP TS 033/2013 for cream butter with the components is established: mass fraction of fat – 50 to 69%, mass fraction of moisture – 16 to 45%. The thermostability of butter of sweet-dessert dessert oil with maple syrup has been determined – 0,7, i.e. the indicator is characterized as satisfactory. A good consistency of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup is found on the slice – the plate has a dense, even surface and edges, with slight pressure bending. The shelf life of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup is 15 days. Acidity of the fat phase was determined over a period of 21 days (taking into account the time reserve). The index of acidity of the analyzed sample for 15 days was – 2.7 °C, which corresponds to the norm. Estimation of the acidity of the fatty phase and the acidity of the plasma of the oil showed an insignificant increase during the warranty period of shelf life. The stability of fatty oil of sweet-dessert dessert with maple syrup has been determined. During the experiment, the color became yellow, the smell is sweet, creamy, pleasant, the aroma of maple syrup is pronounced. The specimen withstood the test for 8 hours, no damage to the fat is noted. The microbiological parameters of the oil have been determined. The conformity of oil with the requirements of State standard 32899–2014 and TP TS 033/2013 during storage is established.
Study of the effect of size composition of buckwheat flour, presented in the trade networks of Moscow, on their technological properties
Authors: Livinskaya S. A. , Saitova M. E. , Livinskii A. A.
Published: December 2018

Quality attributes of buckwheat of steamed (brown) and unsteamed (green) buckwheat and differences between organoleptic, physicochemical characteristics for 5 samples by different producers were drawn out. During the estimation using the common technique «passage through silk cloth №38» made up more than 60% for all the samples. Some samples did not fill the requirements of National State Standard and contained more than 2% of large-sized grains. Investigation of granulometric structure with microscopical method showed that 0.5 – 3.56% of grains sized 205 – 250 micrometers in all the samples. While processing empirical data with mathematical methods it was proven that large-sized grains appear for «major mistake» and must be set aside, yet to determine its technological features. Water-holding capacity of steamed buckwheat is on the average 2.3 times higher than dark wheat flour has, 4.5 times higher than rye flour has and 1.7 times higher than unsteamed buckwheat has. Fat-holding capacity of all the samples is in the interval of 56 – 83% matches the description of rye and wheat flour. Investigation of flour structure during microscopic examination showed that flour can be defined by starch conditions according to technological effect. Consequently, standard indicators do not characterize the quality of buckwheat to the full extent. It has been shown, that granulometric structure, expressed by distribution grains due to size for buckwheat and wheat flour is an autonomous necessary method, allowing to characterize wheat in a more complex manner and this method is worth being added to its` quality specified parameters.
Development of technology for the production of poultry products prophylactic purpose (smoked-baked galantine from chicken meat with Bulgarian pepper)
Authors: Lavrenova Z. I. , Nazarova N. E.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the work was the development of a new kind of meat products for functional purposes from poultry meat with a partial replacement of meat raw materials with a vegetable component – Bulgarian pepper. Studies of prototypes on organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological indicators were carried out. The results of microbiological studies show that the presented prototypes meet the requirements and norms established by regulatory documents, confirm the receipt of a product of increased microbiological stability. Evaluation of food and energy value of smoked-baked galantine with Bulgarian pepper indicates the creation of a low-calorie meat product for dietary purposes. As a result of economic calculations, it was concluded that as the amount of meat that is being replaced is increased, Bulgarian pepper increases the profitability level of production from 14.9% in the control sample to 20.7% in experimental sample No. 3, replacing meat raw materials by 15.0% Bulgarian pepper. In the production of 50 kg per shift, the possible additional profit per year will be more than 700 thousand rubles. The consumer properties of the prototypes, especially sample No. 3 (with 15.0% pepper) favorably differ from the control sample. Based on the evaluation of organoleptic parameters, preference is given to sample No. 3. The results of microbiological studies confirmed the guaranteed safety of all samples throughout the storage period. As the amount of meat that is being exchanged for Bulgarian peppers increases, the energy value of 100 g of smoked-baked galantine with 346.0 kcal (control sample) to 245.0 kcal (sample No. 3) is significantly reduced or reduced by 29.2%.
Qualitative indicators of river fish with opisthorchiasis
Authors: Merchina S. V. , Pulcherovskaya L. P. , Akhmetova V. V. , Laishevtsev A. I.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the work is to conduct veterinary and sanitary examination of fish with opisthorchiasis. Samples were selected according to the unified rules for the sampling of agricultural products, food products and environmental objects for laboratory tests (GOST 7731-85). The objects of research were: crucian caught in the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir, and a carp mirror, grown in the Gasaniv Institute of the Sengeleevsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. We conducted studies of fish caught and grown in the Ulyanovsk region. For the study, species of fish that were close in their biological characteristics were selected. 90–95% of the fish examined were infected with opisthorchiasis. The defeat of carp two-year olds with opisthorchiasis did not have a significant effect on hematologic indices. The defeat of fish with opisthorchiasis did not affect the parameters of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism. At the same time, the chemical composition of muscles (water – 74.60 ± 8.56%, fat – 3.21 ± 0.63%, protein – 17.90 ± 0.57%, ash – 1.90 ± 0.09%), affected by opisthorchiasis does not significantly differ from the conventional norm (water 68,5–79,1%, fat 1,6–9,5%, protein 15,6–19,4%, ash 1,5 – 2.5%). Organoleptic examinations of ice cream samples showed: the surface of the fish is clean, natural in color, inherent in fish of this species, without external damages, dense consistency, has the smell characteristic of benign fish. Gills are dark red. In determining the parasitic contamination, all samples were affected by opisthorchiasis. A similar picture is observed in the study of carp. The conducted toxicological studies of fish: the determination of the content of lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, pesticides (HCH, DDT, 2, 4Dic acid) of volatile N-nitrosamines showed that in all the test samples the concentration of toxic substances does not exceed acceptable levels. The number of mesophilic aerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the body of carp and crucian carp within the permissible norm. In the bacteriological study of carp and crucian carcass, there were no cultures of CGB (coliform bacteria), S. aureus, Salmonella, Listeria monocytocenes.
Epoxy composites with increased operational characteristics, filled with dispersed mineral fillers
Authors: Mostovoi A. S. , Nurtazina A. S. , Kadykova Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work is to increase the physicochemical, deformation and strength properties and to reduce the combustibility of composites on the base of epoxy resin by introducing a oligo(resorcinophenyl phosphate) with terminal phenyl groups Fyrolflex - modifier of polyfunctional action, and disperse mineral fillers – diorite and chromite. Result of the studies established that the optimum amount of modifier in the composition of the epoxy resin is 40 mass parts, which provides an increase in the operational properties of the composites: the breaking stress at bending increases by 2 times, the breaking stress at compression increases by 28%, the impact strength increases twice, while the modulus of elasticity and hardness of composites slightly decrease. The addition of modifier into the epoxy polymer provides an increase in heat resistance from 86 to 132–156 °C, also it improves the thermal stability of the composite, which manifests itself in a shift from the initial temperature to higher temperatures (from 200 to 230 °C), while it is noticed furthermore that yield of carbonized Structures was risen from 40 to 54%, providing less release of volatile pyrolysis products into the gas phase, which leads to the decrease in flammability of the epoxy composite and it can be shown in the reduction of its loss in mass while cauterizing in air from 78 to about 4.7% and an increase in the oxygen index from 19 to 28% by volume what transfers the material into class with low flammability. The rational content of diorite and chromite (100 parts by weight of chromite and 50 parts by mass of diorite) is chosen as a filler, which ensures an increase in physical and mechanical characteristics and a reduction in the cost of production: the breaking stress increases by 15–30% and the elastic modulus at bending increases 3.5–4.5 times, the breaking stress increases by 35%, and the tensile modulus by 50–240%, the hardness increases by 68–95%, while the impact strength remains at the level of the unfilled plasticized composite. In addition, it is proved that the addition of both diorite and chromite provides an increase in the thermal and heat resistance of epoxy composites, also lowers combustibility of the epoxy composite: the weight loss at ignition in air is reduced to 1.2–2.2% and the oxygen index rises from 28 to 30–35% by volume, thus the material does not support combustion in air and belongs to the class of hardly flammable. The study was carried out with the financial support of a grant for young scientists of the SSTU named after Gagarin Yu.A. (project SGTU-287).
Investigation of the quality of Arctic diesel fuel imported to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Iovleva E. L.
Published: December 2018

The results of experimental studies of the quality of Arctic diesel fuel taken from various gas stations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are shown. The main operational characteristics of Arctic diesel fuel are investigated. The work was carried out in the laboratory of the department "General, analytical and physical chemistry". Taken diesel fuel by geographic location is divided into 3 parts: central, northern and district. From each region, 3 samples of Arctic diesel fuel were taken from various gas stations. The study found that the selected main indicators of diesel fuel: density, viscosity, fractional composition and low-temperature characteristics – differ from the normative values. The worst results were shown by diesel fuel samples from the northern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Samples of arctic diesel fuel taken from the central part and district, generally meet the quality standards of GOST 305-82, but for low-temperature characteristics, do not meet the standard.
Economic security of the Central Black Earth region: assessment of the state and threats
Authors: Khorev A. I. , Gorkovenko E. V. , Platonova I. V.
Published: December 2018

Economic security qualitatively characterizes the economic system, determining its ability to maintain normal conditions for the functioning of the population, the constant provision of resources for the development of the national economy, and the consistent protection of national interests. Due to the development of contradictions both within the region and beyond, there are threats to the economic security of the region. Threats affect local economic processes, causing imbalance in the regional economy, and thus contributing to the loss of control over the stages of reproduction of the aggregate social product. To select the optimal methodology for assessing the level of economic security in the region, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of existing methods, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. An assessment of the current state of the economic security of the Central Black Earth region was carried out using the provisions of the D.V. Tretyakov’s methodology, which showed a fairly high level of economic security of all areas included in the region. The analysis of the main indicators of the Central Black Earth region development, carried out by the authors with the help of “zone theory”, made it possible to identify the main threats: a high level of property differentiation of the population; low spending on health and culture; low level of expenses for education and support of scientific potential and innovation activity; high dependence of the economy on imports; high mortality rates of the population, including infants; insufficient growth of industrial production; high growth rate of consumer prices. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors proposed recommendations for neutralizing threats and improving the economic security of the Central Black Earth region.
Software of the extrusion process abnormally viscous fluids methods of experiment planning
Authors: Vasilenko V. N. , Frolova L. N. , Derkanosova A. A. , Mikhailova N. A. , Shhepkina A. A. , Davydov A. M.
Published: December 2018

Article is devoted to the results of modeling-a certain mathematical function that describes the behavior of the object of study, abstracting from the internal structure of the real substrate. Materials and Methods: discusses the construction of models of experimental dependencies extruding abnormally viscous fluids, includes the following stages: clarification, depending on the specific tasks optimized parameters (specific energy consumption in the extrusion process, the pressure in predatrice area, complex organoleptic quality score, etc.); the choice of factors determining the variability of the optimized parameters (initial moisture of the product, the frequency of rotation of the screw, the living section of the matrix, etc.); the selection of intervals of change of factors; recruitment plan and the conditions of the experiment; analysis of experiment data and construction of mathematical model of dependencies of optimized parameters on selected factors.Results: when planning an experiment, the conditions for conducting experiments, obtaining reliable and accurate information about the object, with minimal effort, providing information in a convenient form and quantitative accuracy assessment. Discussion: the problem of optimization of the studied process was solved, which allows to find such modes of the extruder, which would be in a wide range of changes in the input parameters of the product amounted to a minimum of specific energy consumption, the optimal pressure in the pre-matrix zone and the maximum complex organo-leptic quality index. Conclusion: the obtained results reveal the influence of individual factors on the operation of extruders and can be used in the design and optimization of their operation. They will have an impact on the development of scientific, scientific, technical and technological directions in the field of creating new food products with programmable properties (including therapeutic and prophylactic action). Made on their basis, experimental design will reveal new technological solutions in the field of creation of new generation technological equipment for various branches of the food industry. The developed recommendations and proposals for the use of the results are already used in the ongoing innovative projects for the creation of extruders, as well as other equipment.
The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess republic
Authors: Bautin V. M. , Dzahmisheva I. Sh. , Akbasheva A. A.
Published: December 2018

The present article is devoted to a problem of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Formation of the land relations especially actually for land-poor and mountain regions which number the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR) treats. Arable lands of КСhR are presented by various types and subtypes of soils: chernozems typical, chernozems ordinary, chernozems mountain, meadow and chernozem soils. The negative balance of a humus is noted actually in all areas and farms of the republic while its reduction even for 0,1% is followed by decrease in productivity to 1,2 centners of conventional grain units. Situation with fertility of soils of КСhR worsens: process of "vypakhivaniye" – an obesstrukturivaniye, reconsolidation, a pochvoutomleniye as a result of use of soils at low receipt of sources of a humus (organic fertilizers and the postharvest remains) takes place. The considerable part of a cultivated area is concentrated in the Prikubansky area (on grain, sugar beet and sunflower), the Adyghe Hablsky area (sunflower and grain) and the Habezsky area (on vegetables, potatoes and sunflower). In the Zelenchuksky area are in the area basic under potatoes and vegetables. High productivity of grain is observed in Prikubanskom and Ust-Dzhegutinsk, sugar beet in Nogai and Abazin, sunflower – in Ust-Dzhegutinsky and Prikubansky, on potatoes – in Low-Karachay and on vegetables – in Habezskom areas. The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources are: development of mountain territories on the basis of state regulation of the land relations; preservation and restoration of fertility of farmlands and agrolandscapes; ecological resource-saving, preservation of environment and production of environmentally friendly production and its processing.
Analysis of the dynamics and trends of the Voronezh region GRP changes on the basis of the first order autoregressive model
Authors: Slinkova N. V.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the possibilities of using the first-order autoregressive model for analyzing the dynamics and forecasting of the main indicator of the level of development of the regional economy - gross regional product (GRP). The influence of the investment factor is described, the existing approaches to this problem are considered on the example of several publications of recent years. The specifics of the mutual influence of the gross regional product and investment volumes are analyzed, the importance of the long-term impact of investments on the dynamics of the region's economic indicators is noted. The properties of autoregressive models are described, the possibilities of using the first-order autoregressive model for analyzing the dynamics and forecasting of the gross regional product of the Voronezh region are considered, taking into account the factor of investment in fixed assets. Based on the statistical data for 2000-2016. autoregression models are constructed using the instrumental variables method to overcome the multicollinearity inherent in such models. Various approaches to constructing an autoregressive model are analyzed, and conclusions are drawn about the quality of the models obtained. The proposed model of autoregression is characterized by high quality and adequacy indicators, with its help a point and interval GRP is compiled. On the basis of the obtained model, the values of short-term and long-term investment multipliers are determined. The received values of multipliers once again confirm the importance of investment policy for the regional economy and allow quantifying the effect of invested funds. The use of this model can be useful both within the descriptive and normative approach in modeling the regional economy.
The theoretical basis of economic potential reproduction of the corporation in the financial crisis conditions
Authors: Agibalov A. V. , Zaporozhtseva L. A. , Tkacheva Yu. V. , Marysheva Yu. V.
Published: December 2018

The article theoretically proves that crisis becomes a factor of evolution of economic systems in the conditions of market economy. The crisis is a category of macro -, meso – and micro-level and occurs in the world, national and regional economies. "*"So authors proves that crises have a particular importance for corporations: on the one hand organizations are the accumulators of all negative manifestations of the external environment of activity, and on the other they are independent sources of bifurcations, developing in the internal system of relations. In this regard, in spite of all the negative aspects of the financial crisis for the functioning of the country's economy, it can be considered as an incentive to find opportunities for development and increase the efficiency of corporate production. Practical point of view shows that the use of the capabilities of each individual corporation in the context of the financial crisis should be based on forecasting the impending threats of crisis phenomena and their elimination, leveling or using for economic growth. The growth prospects listed in the article are an example of turning of negative economic factors into opportunities for the development of commercial structures. At the same time, each business entity should work out a business development strategy and have a mobile financial policy that can be adapted as soon as possible in unstable conditions dictated by the crisis.
Analysis of human capital in the region as a source of import substitution
Authors: Azarova N. A. , Nebesnaya A. Yu. , Sviridov A. S. , Glagoleva L. E.
Published: December 2018

As a basis for the growth of the modern Russian economy, we considered the indicator “human capital of the region”. The actualization of the modern import substitution policy, caused by Western sanctions against Russia, and the targeted growth in labor productivity have led to the special importance of the “human capital” indicator for the regions of the central part of Russia. The authors made an excursion into the historical period and the international aspect of the study of this indicator. The article concludes that the value of human capital is determined by the values of labor resources. The total number of labor resources in the Voronezh region, the number of the employed able-bodied population in the division into groups (adolescents, people of pre-retirement age, migrants, etc.) are analyzed. The groups and the number of economically active population, the main trends of increasing real incomes of the population in the Voronezh region are identified. The forecast of the labor market is formulated in the form of identified trends in the reduction of the main component of labor resources: the number of able-bodied working-age population from among the employed citizens of older working-age and foreign labor migrants, which will provide some compensation for losses in the number of labor resources. According to the results of the study period, in the social sphere, trends were identified to improve a number of indicators and a forecast was prepared for the development of human capital in the region and its stimulation by the state.
Innovation environment in cross-border agglomerations
Authors: Zobova L. L. , Evdokimova E. K.
Published: December 2018

As a rule, the innovation environment is considered within the boundaries of a specific region, taking into account the territorial aspect. This point of view is taken into consideration in Russian scientific publications and economic policy. The article deals with a comparative analysis of the category "region innovation environment" and "spatial innovation environment". The criterion for distinguishing between concepts is the spatial boundaries of this environment. Innovative environment of the region can be considered as real. The spatial innovation environment should be described as potentially possible, taking into account the mismatch of its borders with the boundaries of a particular region. As usual the innovation environment of the region goes beyond its administrative boundaries. In this case, the definition "spatial innovation environment" is methodologically justified. The exogenous nature of radical innovations in relation to a particular region is shown. The author's position is based on foreign researches, in which there is no rigid dependence of the region's economic development level on the development of the innovation environment of the region. The research shows that the quantitative parameters of the innovation environment development in the region do not always give an objective picture of the innovative development of a particular region. Indicators of innovative development make it possible to measure only the production of innovations in the region, but do not offer a mechanism for their dissemination and use. The study of the macro region innovation environment of the south of Western Siberia showed that there are conditions for competition for intellectual resources. The process of innovation can give a positive effect, taking into consideration the cooperation of relevant agglomerations innovative environment, excluding duplicate innovative projects. It is necessary to transform regional innovation spaces into a common interregional innovation cluster. Because of it the creation of a coordinating interregional body is necessary.
Matrix-graph model of the polymer materials destruction process
Authors: Khvostov A. A. , Tikhomirov S. G. , Khaustov I. A. , Zhuravlev A. A. , Karmanov A. V.
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the problem of mathematical modeling of the process of thermochemical destruction using the theory of graphs. To synthesize a mathematical model, the Markov chain is used. For the formalization of the model a matrix-graph method of coding is used. It is proposed to consider the process of destruction as a random process, under which the state of the system changes, characterized by the proportion of macromolecules in each fraction of the molecular mass distribution. The intensities of transitions from state to state characterize the corresponding rates of destruction processes for each fraction of the molecular weight distribution (MWD). The processes of crosslinking and polymerization in this work have been neglected, and it is accepted that there is a probability of transition from any state with a lower order index (corresponding to fractions with higher molecular weights) to any state with a higher index (corresponding fractions with lower molecular weights). A computational formula is presented for estimating the number of arcs and model parameters from a given number of fractions of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. An example of coding in a matrix form of a graph model of the process of degradation of polybutadiene in solution for the case of six fractions of the molecular weight distribution is shown. As the simulation environment, the interactive graphical simulation environment of MathWorks Simulink is used. To evaluate the parameters of the mathematical model, experimental studies of the degradation of polybutadiene in solution were carried out. The chromatography of the polybutadiene solution was used as the initial data for the estimation of the MWD polymer. The considered matrix-graph representation of the structure of the mathematical model of the polymer destruction process makes it possible to simplify the compilation of the model and its software implementation in the case of a large number of vertices of the graph describing the process of destruction
Development of simulation models for the study of systems with probabilistic interactions of elements
Authors: Emelyanov A. E. , Bityukov V. K.
Published: December 2018

One of the topical areas of theoretical and experimental research is the analysis, modeling and synthesis of technical systems with probabilistic interactions of elements. The work is devoted to the development of simulation models for the study of one class of such systems - network management systems. As data transmission channels, such systems use industrial or public digital computer networks. The use of computer networks in control systems leads to new problems: random time delay in the transmission process, the likely loss of the data packet, the possibility of asynchronous operation of the elements of the system. Not taking these factors into account can lead to a loss of sustainability of the management system. To study these problems, it is proposed to use simulation models of appropriate control systems. In the work, simulation models for a digital control system without delay in the transmission channel, a network management system with a network communication channel between the sensor and the controller have been developed. In this case, cases are considered where the transmission time on the network channel does not exceed the quantization clock time and when the transmission time over the network channel may exceed the quantization clock time. For the cases considered, appropriate simulation models have been developed. When simulating a network management system in which the transmission time of a data packet over a network channel could exceed the time of a quantization clock, it was assumed that the sensor and the controller have an infinitely large buffer. For simplicity of modeling, it was assumed that if a data packet from a digital sensor is not transmitted in one clock cycle to the controller, it is placed in the sensor buffer. With the possible transfer of data over the channel, all packets from the sensor buffer are transferred to the controller buffer. It was assumed that the controller processes incoming data from the buffer sequentially – one packet per quantization cycle. To simulate such situations it was suggested to use the corresponding developed random processes. Simulation of the functioning of digital and network control systems was carried out in the Simulink environment of the Matlab system.
Reflection on Exclusivity and Termination of Commercial Agency in Jordan: The Intertwining of Domestic Regulation and International Trade Law
Authors: Malkawi Bashar H.
Published: December 2018

The Jordanian Law of Commercial Agents and Intermediaries No. 28 of 2001 and the Emirati Commercial Agency Law No. 2 of 2010 cover all forms of sale contracts through intermediaries. These Laws provide express restrictions and protective provisions on the conduct by local agents of internal commercial agency activities. However, these statutory protections are granted only to registered agencies conducted by national agents.The Jordanian legislator does not regulate the issue of agency exclusivity, which can constitute a restraint of trade and leads to a state of market monopolization. Courts in Jordan have exclusive jurisdiction in settling disputes arising out of agency agreements. However, this exclusive jurisdiction does not cover unregistered commercial agencies which are treated as enforceable commercial contracts under the general provisions prescribed in the Commercial Code.Under the Jordanian Law the principal cannot terminate the agency agreement at any time, but he can dismiss its renewal upon the expiry of its date without justified grounds. Certain statutory protections provided by the Jordanian laws raise barriers to entry to their national markets. This statutory policy violates the specific commitments made by Jordan with respect to market access and national treatment established by the GATS.