bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise: Why It is a Challenge for Both the Nonconscious and Conscious Mind
Authors: Iso-Ahola Seppo E.
Published: November 2012

The epidemic of physical inactivity is an important societal and individual problem. Despite the well-documented health effects of physical activity, only 22% of the population exercises regularly enough to get the physiological and psychological benefits ( S. N. Blair, 1993 , Physical activity, physical fitness, and health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 64, pp. 365–376.) Why does 78% fail to do so? The problem is largely psychological and attributable to the processes of nonconscious and conscious mind. This paper reviews research on how nonconscious and conscious processing affects human behavior in general and exercise behavior in particular. Although there generally is no question about the effect of the nonconscious mind on human behavior, “unconsciously operating motives” in and of themselves are incapable of igniting and sustaining this complex behavior—at least until the behavior has been repeated with regularity and long enough to become consistently prompted by situational cues (as is the case for 22% of the population). There is even some evidence to suggest that the nonconscious mind actually works against exercise by embracing cues and excuses for not exercising. A related problem for both the nonconscious and conscious mind, especially that of the occasional exerciser (54% of the population), is that exercise poses a threat to one's sense of freedom and choice (i.e., “you must do it or else”). The resultant psychological reactance leads to attempts to restore this freedom, but it is often accomplished by giving in to temptations (e.g., TV watching). Although people recognize fitness and health as important human conditions, they often pursue these goals by using exercise as a means toward another end (e.g., to lose weight). In doing so, they struggle cognitively with their need for autonomy while trying to balance it in interpersonal and leisure contexts. Such struggle depletes finite self-control resources and makes people more vulnerable to temptations. The net result is that both the nonconscious mind and the conscious mind fail to turn most people into rational thinkers and “self as doers,” who would do what is best for their health.
Reproducibility of Vibrionaceae population structure in coastal bacterioplankton
Authors: Szabo Gitta , Preheim Sarah P , Kauffman Kathryn M , David Lawrence A , Shapiro Jesse , Alm Eric J , Polz Martin F
Published: November 2012

How reproducibly microbial populations assemble in the wild remains poorly understood. Here, we assess evidence for ecological specialization and predictability of fine-scale population structure and habitat association in coastal ocean Vibrionaceae across years. We compare Vibrionaceae lifestyles in the bacterioplankton (combinations of free-living, particle, or zooplankton associations) measured using the same sampling scheme in 2006 and 2009 to assess whether the same groups show the same environmental association year after year. This reveals complex dynamics with populations falling primarily into two categories: (i) nearly equally represented in each of the two samplings and (ii) highly skewed, often to an extent that they appear exclusive to one or the other sampling times. Importantly, populations recovered at the same abundance in both samplings occupied highly similar habitats suggesting predictable and robust environmental association while skewed abundances of some populations may be triggered by shifts in ecological conditions. The latter is supported by difference in the composition of large eukaryotic plankton between years, with samples in 2006 being dominated by copepods, and those in 2009 by diatoms. Overall, the comparison supports highly predictable population-habitat linkage but highlights the fact that complex, and often unmeasured, environmental dynamics in habitat occurrence may have strong effects on population dynamics.
The chemical interactome space between the human host and the genetically defined gut metabotypes
Authors: Jacobsen Ulrik Plesner , Nielsen Henrik Bjørn , Hildebrand Falk , Raes Jeroen , Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas , Kouskoumvekaki Irene , Panagiotou Gianni
Published: November 2012

The bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals represent a highly selected microbiome that has a profound influence on human physiology by shaping the host’s metabolic and immune system activity. Despite the recent advances on the biological principles that underlie microbial symbiosis in the gut of mammals, mechanistic understanding of the contributions of the gut microbiome and how variations in the metabotypes are linked to the host health are obscure. Here, we mapped the entire metabolic potential of the gut microbiome based solely on metagenomics sequencing data derived from fecal samples of 124 Europeans (healthy, obese and with inflammatory bowel disease). Interestingly, three distinct clusters of individuals with high, medium and low metabolic potential were observed. By illustrating these results in the context of bacterial population, we concluded that the abundance of the Prevotella genera is a key factor indicating a low metabolic potential. These metagenome-based metabolic signatures were used to study the interaction networks between bacteria-specific metabolites and human proteins. We found that thirty-three such metabolites interact with disease-relevant protein complexes several of which are highly expressed in cells and tissues involved in the signaling and shaping of the adaptive immune system and associated with squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. From this set of metabolites, eighteen are present in DrugBank providing evidence that we carry a natural pharmacy in our guts. Furthermore, we established connections between the systemic effects of non-antibiotic drugs and the gut microbiome of relevance to drug side effects and health-care solutions.
Large-scale movement patterns of male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia
Authors: Olson Erica L. , Salomon Anne K. , Wirsing Aaron J. , Heithaus Michael R.
Published: November 2012

Large marine vertebrates are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic threats because they tend to be long-lived, late to mature and wide-ranging. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are characterised by such life history traits and are listed as ‘Endangered’ by The World Conservation Union. Although juvenile movements and at-sea behaviour of adult females are relatively well studied, little is known about the movements of males and their subsequent exposure to threats. Shark Bay, Western Australia, is home to the largest breeding population of loggerhead turtles in Australia. We assessed the large-scale movements of nine adult male loggerhead turtles, with the goal of aiding conservation and management policies. During 7 months outside the breeding season, all nine turtles stayed within the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, with most showing fidelity to small coastal foraging areas. Several turtles, however, showed relatively large movements between core foraging areas. None of the four turtles that continued transmitting through the breeding season exhibited obvious movements towards nesting beaches, suggesting that mating may occur on foraging grounds or that males are not mating every year. Quantifying male loggerhead movements assists conservation planning by identifying biologically relevant spatial scales at which research and management strategies should be designed.
Biology and management of a multi-sector blue swimmer crab fishery in a subtropical embayment - Shark Bay, Western Australia
Authors: Harris David , Johnston Danielle , Sporer Errol , Kangas Mervi , Felipe Nieves , Caputi Nick
Published: November 2012

Stock assessments to support sustainable management in data-limited fisheries present a challenge to fisheries scientists and managers. This is the case with the Shark Bay Crab Fishery, which has expanded rapidly in the past 10 years, to become Australia’s highest-producing blue swimmer crab fishery. The resource is harvested commercially by two sectors, the Shark Bay crab trap and trawl fisheries (combined catch of ~800 t), as well as supporting a small but important recreational fishery. Commercial catch and effort data have been collected for the fishery since the early 1980s, commercial trap-monitoring data since 1999, and fishery-independent trawl-survey data since 2001. There is conflicting evidence on the impact that significant increases in catch and effort over the past decade has made on this fishery, such as legal catch rates remaining relatively constant, but declines occurring in the abundance of large crabs. There has also been concern over the level of latent effort in the fishery, with the trap sector currently operating at 70–80% of its potential effort and the capacity for further increases in crab landings by the trawl fleet. Since July 2011, the relative abundance of all size classes of crabs declined significantly. The reasons for this unexpected decline are yet to be understood, but are likely to be linked to adverse environmental extremes (flooding and very warm water temperatures) during the summer of 2010–2011, associated with a very strong La Niňa event. Preliminary assessment indicated that the spawning stock that led to the low recruitment was within historic ranges. The current challenge for the research and management of this fishery is to clarify the causes for this recent decline, and establish suitable biological indicators that will determine the appropriate level of catch and harvest strategy to ensure the future sustainability of the stock.
The use of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to identify water sources in two hypersaline estuaries with different hydrologic regimes
Authors: Price René M. , Skrzypek Grzegorz , Grierson Pauline F. , Swart Peter K. , Fourqurean James W.
Published: November 2012

Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen are used here with salinity data in geochemical and mass-balance models to decipher the proportion of different sources of water in two hypersaline estuaries that vary in size and hydrologic condition. Shark Bay, located on the mid-western coast of Australia, is hypersaline year round and has an arid climate. Florida Bay, located in the south-eastern United States, is seasonally hypersaline and has a subtropical climate. The water budget in both bays can be explained by evaporation of seawater, with seasonal inputs of surface-water runoff and precipitation. In Shark Bay, discharge from the Wooramel River associated with a recent major flood was detected in the relationship between the stable isotopic composition and salinity of surface waters near the mouth of the river, despite the persistence of hypersalinity. The volume of water equal to one pool volume replenished Hamelin Pool (a hypersaline water body located at the southern end of eastern Shark Bay that supports living stromatolites) once every 6–12 months. The eastern portion of Florida Bay received a greater proportion of freshwater from overland flow (70–80%) than did the western portion where rainfall was the dominant source of freshwater.
Recovery of inner Shark Bay snapper (Pagrus auratus) stocks: relevant research and adaptive recreational fisheries management in a World Heritage Property
Authors: Jackson Gary , Moran Michael
Published: November 2012

Despite the increasing importance of marine recreational fishing, recreational fisheries management is often hampered by lack of adequate data and limited effectiveness of conventional regulations. In Shark Bay, Western Australia, snapper (Pagrus auratus) in the Eastern Gulf, Denham Sound and Freycinet Estuary have been a major attraction for recreational fishers since the 1960s. Various management measures were progressively introduced from 1998 onwards to limit snapper catches, including increases in minimum length, introduction of a maximum length, reductions in daily bag limit, a moratorium in the Eastern Gulf (June 1998–March 2003), a 6-week spawning closure in the Freycinet Estuary and, finally, the introduction of a Total-Allowable-Catch-based system in 2003. Stock assessments in 2011 indicated that spawning biomass in the Eastern Gulf and Denham Sound had rebuilt to the management target level while biomass in the Freycinet Estuary remained below the threshold level but was continuing to slowly rebuild. This paper summarising the research and adaptive management of the snapper fishery over the last 15+ years represents an important case study that addresses a range of issues typically associated with marine recreational fisheries, including assessment of stock size and recreational catch, evaluation of management regulations and active engagement with the recreational fishing community.
Abundance, survival and temporary emigration of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) off Useless Loop in the western gulf of Shark Bay, Western Australia
Authors: Nicholson Krista , Bejder Lars , Allen Simon J. , Krützen Michael , Pollock Kenneth H.
Published: November 2012

Capture–recapture models were used to provide estimates of abundance, apparent survival and temporary emigration of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in a 226-km2 study area off Useless Loop in the western gulf of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Photo-identification data were collected during boat-based surveys in Austral autumn to early spring (April–September) from 2007 to 2011. Abundance estimates varied from 115 (s.e. 5.2, 95% CI 105–126) individuals in 2008 to 208 (s.e. 17.3, 95% CI 177–245) individuals in 2010. The variability in abundance estimates is likely to be a reflection of how individuals used the study area, rather than fluctuations in true population size. The best fitting capture–recapture model suggested a random temporary emigration pattern and, when coupled with relatively high temporary emigration rates (0.33 (s.e. 0.07) – 0.66 (s.e. 0.05)) indicated that the study area did not cover the entire ranges of the photo-identified dolphins. Apparent survival rate is a product of true survival and permanent emigration and was estimated annually at 0.95 (s.e. 0.02). Since permanent emigration from the study area is unlikely, true survival was estimated to be close to 0.95. This study provides a robust baseline for future comparisons of dolphin demographics, which may be of importance should climate change or increasing anthropogenic activity affect this population.
Science behind management of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, two P-limited subtropical systems with different climatology and human pressures
Authors: Kendrick Gary A. , Fourqurean James W. , Fraser Matthew W. , Heithaus Michael R. , Jackson Gary , Friedman Kim , Hallac David
Published: November 2012

This special issue on ‘Science for the management of subtropical embayments: examples from Shark Bay and Florida Bay’ is a valuable compilation of individual research outcomes from Florida Bay and Shark Bay from the past decade and addresses gaps in our scientific knowledge base in Shark Bay especially. Yet the compilation also demonstrates excellent research that is poorly integrated, and driven by interests and issues that do not necessarily lead to a more integrated stewardship of the marine natural values of either Shark Bay or Florida Bay. Here we describe the status of our current knowledge, introduce the valuable extension of the current knowledge through the papers in this issue and then suggest some future directions. For management, there is a need for a multidisciplinary international science program that focusses research on the ecological resilience of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, the effect of interactions between physical environmental drivers and biological control through behavioural and trophic interactions, and all under increased anthropogenic stressors. Shark Bay offers a ‘pristine template’ for this scale of study.
Knockdown of UCHL5IP causes abnormalities in γ-tubulin localisation, spindle organisation and chromosome alignment in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation
Authors: Wang Ya-Peng , Qi Shu-Tao , Wei Yanchang , Ge Zhao-Jia , Chen Lei , Hou Yi , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Schatten Heide , Zhao Jian-Guo , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: November 2012

UCHL5IP is one of the subunits of the haus complex, which is important for microtubule generation, spindle bipolarity and accurate chromosome segregation in Drosophila and human mitotic cells. In this study, the expression and localisation of UCHL5IP were explored, as well as its functions in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. The results showed that the UCHL5IP protein level was consistent during oocyte maturation and it was localised to the meiotic spindle in MI and MII stages. Knockdown of UCHL5IP led to spindle defects, chromosome misalignment and disruption of γ-tubulin localisation in the spindle poles. These results suggest that UCHL5IP plays critical roles in spindle formation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
Anal anatomy and normal histology
Authors: Pandey Priti
Published: November 2012

The focus of this article is the anatomy and histology of the anal canal, and its clinical relevance to anal cancers. The article also highlights the recent histological and anatomical changes to the traditional terminology of the anal canal. The terminology has been adopted by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, separating the anal region into the anal canal, the perianal region and the skin. This paper describes the gross anatomy of the anal canal, along with its associated blood supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. The new terminology referred to in this article may assist clinicians and health care providers to identify lesions more precisely through naked eye observation and without the need for instrumentation. Knowledge of the regional anatomy of the anus will also assist in management decisions.
Keywords in the press
Authors: Jeffries Lesley , Walker Brian
Published: November 2012

This article describes a corpus-assisted study of some socio-political keywords (in a similar sense to Raymond Williams’ ‘cultural keywords’ 1983 [1976]), of newspaper reporting between 1998 and 2007, when Tony Blair’s New Labour government was in power. We approach the discovery of socio-political keywords via the analysis of statistical keywords. Reducing a long list of statistical keywords to a shortlist of socio-politically significant keywords is inevitably complex, and the article explains the process used here. We demonstrate that certain lexemes gain currency in relatively short historical periods and take on political importance in addition to their everyday meaning. Combining corpus linguistics with critical stylistic analysis, we explore the usage of five important socio-political keywords of the New Labour period.
The Native Syriac Linguistic Tradition
Authors: Daniels Peter T.
Published: November 2012

The native Syriac linguistic tradition comprises annotations to the biblical text (‘masorah’), lexica, and grammars created between the 6th and 13th centuries; 24 Syriac scholars are known by name. Syriac grammarians have been considered to be mere imitators, of both Greek and Arab grammarians, but this is a severe exaggeration; they were, however, the source of much that is found among the Arabs. The first, Jacob of Edessa (640–708 A.D.), and the last, Gregory Bar Hebraeus (1225/26–1286), have received the most attention. Much needs to be done, both in publishing and evaluating Syriac linguistic work, and in recognizing its importance in cross-connecting the West Asian civilizations and in foreshadowing modern approaches to language. This article provides a guide and key to the literature.
Emerging queer epistemologies in studies of ‘gay’-student discourses
Authors: Nelson Cynthia D.
Published: November 2012

Education is arguably one of the most significant, urgent, and rapidly changing arenas for research on language and sexual identity, but there has been little synthesis to date of the knowledge and theories of knowledge that are emerging through this work. Here I survey a relatively small but important segment of this disparate literature: studies that investigate classroom talk about and by students who either self-identify as gay, lesbian or queer, or who are positioned as such by others. By bringing together such studies from applied linguistics as well as education and literacy/composition, I seek to consolidate and to cultivate critical explorations of sexual identity, language and learning as interlinked domains. To this end, I identify some defining features of the queer epistemologies that are emerging in the empirical, lingua-centric literature on ‘gay’-student discourses, and I suggest future directions for this sort of work.
Location, lore and language
Authors: King Brian W.
Published: November 2012

This study addresses how language interacts with the erotic and ‘place’ (our socially understood surroundings) in an online, text-only, mostly linguistic environment to create an erotic atmosphere, and how eroticised atmosphere relates to linguistically driven sexual subject formation. Analysis focuses on extracts from a conversation in which public erotic discussions unfold between participants who are (ostensibly) men who desire men. A ‘room’ spatiality is continually performed, sometimes relying upon idealised images of ‘erotic oases’ from the offline world to build an erotic atmosphere. These offline erotic oases are places of ‘deviance’ characterised by semi-public sex (e.g. parks, public washrooms, and saunas). This type of atmosphere is contested by some participants while others embrace it. Analysis demonstrates that eroticism, spatiality, and language adapt to one another along a reformulating path. This suggests that a more nuanced understanding of language and the erotic depends on spatial investigations as much as discursive theory.
'I think Houston wants a kiss right?'
Authors: Motschenbacher Heiko
Published: November 2012

This article provides an ethnographically based discourse analysis of linguistic practices of heterosexual construction in a transnational media context, Eurovision Song Contest press conferences. It aims to shed light on how research on heterosexualities can contribute to the critical discussion of heteronormativity as commonly found in Queer Linguistics. The analysis identifies the following patterns of heterosexual construction: 1. talk about spouses, partners and family, 2. talk about heterosexual love song lyrics, 3. binary gender polarisation, and 4. the projecting of heteronormative desire onto participants. This order roughly corresponds to an increase in the heteronormative force of the constructions found. More blatant forms of heteronormative enforcement prove to cause negative reactions in this community of practice. It is argued that the sexual constructions documented incorporate aspects of both sexual identity and desire and that the transnational salience of the context facilitates a stronger confrontation of heterosexual construction with alternative discourses.
How gay is football this year?
Authors: Sauntson Helen , Morrish Liz
Published: November 2012

Sexual identity categories are often constructed in everyday discourse as relatively fixed and stable, but such constructions usually do not sit comfortably with people’s lived experiences of their own and others’ sexualities. This paper examines the tactics of intersubjectivity (Bucholtz & Hall 2004) used in the discursive construction of sexual identities among members of a university women’s football team. Using tactics of adequation/distinction, authentication/denaturalisation and authorisation/illegitimation, the women both construct and deconstruct boundaries as they seek to diminish the potential for conflict within the team. Instead, a tolerant and ludic attitude to sexuality is projected, and one which the speakers acknowledge arises from the university context, and at their particular life stage. We conclude that this community of practice has embraced ‘queer temporality’ (Halberstam 2005) — among the women, the possibility of temporary and contingent sexual identities is foregrounded, and these identities can be discursively signalled in various ways, including, but not co-extensive with, desire.
Strategies to Control a Common Carp Population by Pulsed Commercial Harvest
Authors: Colvin Michael E. , Pierce Clay L. , Stewart Timothy W. , Grummer Scott E.
Published: November 2012

Commercial fisheries are commonly used to manage nuisance fishes in freshwater systems, but such efforts are often unsuccessful. Strategies for successfully controlling a nuisance population of common carp Cyprinus carpio by pulsed commercial harvest were evaluated with a combination of (1) field sampling, (2) population estimation and CPUE indexing, and (3) simulation using an exponential semidiscrete biomass dynamics model (SDBDM). The range of annual fishing mortalities (F) that resulted in successful control (F = 0.244–0.265) was narrow. Common carp biomass dynamics were sensitive to unintentional underharvest due to high rates of surplus production and a biomass doubling time of 2.7 years. Simulations indicated that biomanipulation never achieved successful control unless supplemental fishing mortality was imposed. Harvest of a majority of annual production was required to achieve successful control, as indicated by the ecotrophic coefficient (EC). Readily available biomass data and tools such as SDBDMs and ECs can be used in an adaptive management framework to successfully control common carp and other nuisance fishes by pulsed commercial fishing.

Received February 28, 2012; accepted August 27, 2012
The Controversia of Anselm de Besate
Authors: Bennett Beth S.
Published: November 2012

In eleventh century Italy, Anselm de Besate claimed rhetoric had become too technical and difficult to use. He wrote the Rhetorimachia as a controversia, applying declamatory form to a written composition, in order to illustrate rhetoric's usefulness. Nonetheless, Anselm complained that critics failed to understand this intent. Contemporary readers, unfamiliar with the declamatory tradition, have also misunderstood the intent of his controversia. Here, I compare Anselm's controversia with those found in Seneca the Elder and with the declamatory pedagogy of Quintilian, showing that Anselm was imitating a well-established tradition of educational practice as well as displaying his rhetorical artistry.
Genung's Theory of Persuasion: A Literary Theory of Oratory of Late Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Harpine William D.
Published: November 2012

John Genung's late nineteenth century rhetoric textbooks, although founded on an eighteenth century model of Scottish composition, present an original conception of oratory. Genung's theory breaks free of the classical models and lays out the path to be followed during the development of speech studies among American rhetoricians of the early twentieth century.
FromVita contemplativa to vitaactiva: Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Rhetorical Turn
Authors: Frank David , Bolduc Michelle
Published: November 2012

Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Traité de Vargumentation: la nouvelle rhétorique marked a revolution in twentieth-century rhetorical theory. In this essay, we trace Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's turn from logical positivism and the accepted belief that reason's domain was the vita contemplativa to rhetoric and its use as a reason designed for the vita activa. Our effort to tell the story of their rhetorical turn, which took place between 1944 and 1950, is informed by an account of the context in which they considered questions of reason, responsibility, and action in the wake of World War II.
STYLE REVISITED: THE DIALECTICS OF ESTABLISHED AND AD HOC USAGE IN EUROPEAN AESTHETICS
Authors: Bogiatzis Demetris
Published: November 2012

The tradition of Western stylistics, initiated by Aristotle, is impregnated with the dialectics between established and unconventional usage. In the twentieth century, Bakhtin acknowledged this dynamic through his conception of the dialectical nature of language. Concepts of the plain style, many of them emanating from the United States, deviated from this dynamic. Prestigious style handbooks such as The Elements of Style and Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace, which championed a form of the plain style based on empiricism, offered advice that undermined the dialectical, dynamic nature of language. At the same time, calls for cavalier self-expression, e.g., experimentation in Baudrillard and experimentalism in Lloyd, could not account for the great achievements of Western stylistics. A paucity of stylistic diversity led Foucault to promote “heterotopias.” Cixous proposed a three-stage model for linguistic development designed to heighten dialectical interplay between tradition and novelty. Attuned to the crisis in written expression, Kristeva stressed the need for enhancing the role of aesthetic products in contemporary life.
The Style of Advice in Isocrates
Authors: Papillon Terry L.
Published: November 2012

This paper has three goals: (1) to point out a characteristic of Isocrates' style of advice, (2) to use that characteristic to discuss the authenticity of To Demonicus, and (3) to place Isocrates' interest in style in its cultural context.
Cradle of Public Discourse: Bowdoin College Public and Literary Society Exercises (1820–1845)
Authors: Hewett Beth L.
Published: November 2012

A case study of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, can inform nineteenth-century North American rhetorical history by exposing the interplay of rhetorical theory and practice in an educational setting during the antebellum period. Evidence of this interplay emerges in the subject matter of students' quarterly exhibition and commencement orations and of their literary society presentations from 1823 to 1845. When considered as a curricular whole, this evidence suggests a symbiotic relationship between the primarily moralistic and belletristic discourse favored by the college's curriculum and the more broadly civic judicial and deliberative discourse favored by its literary societies.
Cuban Feminism: from Suffrage to Exile
Authors: Corrigan Lisa M.
Published: November 2012

This paper examines the historical processes that spurred the Cuban feminist movement to articulate positions on suffrage, property rights, reproductive rights, marriage and divorce, children's issues, welfare, and education. It also discusses the changes in Cuban society during the Castro years and how the communist alignment of Cuban society influenced Cuban feminism. Finally, this paper suggests that one of the most interesting spaces to excavate women's history, women's voices and feminist activism is in exile. In exile, we see the hybridity and doubleness that has characterized Cuban life, particularly since the Soviet collapse. Writings by Castro's daughter, Alina Fernandez, help us understand where Cuban women are positioned at the beginning of the 21st century and the subject positioning of women writing in exile.
Gender, Class and Roman Rhetoric: Assessing the Writing of Plautus' Phoenicium (Pseudolus41–73)
Authors: Hallett Judith P.
Published: November 2012

At Pseudolus 41–73 Plautus represents the slave Pseudolus as reading a passionate letter from the courtesan Phoenicium to his master, Calidorus. Pseudolus and Calidorus offer strikingly different reactions to the letter. Calidorus praises its style and content, but Pseudolus ridicules both—with a string of sexual insults. In this essay I focus upon gender and class as factors in the literary reception of Phoenicium's writing in Plautus' comedy. My discussion compares the writing attributed to Phoenicium with several second century BCE texts by men. In light of these comparisons, I argue that Pseudolus unfairly holds Phoenicium's writing to standards different from those applied to males, and I suggest that social class—that of the critic as well as the writer—played a complex role in the public assessment of what Roman women said and how they said it.
Vitae Necisque Potestasin Roman Declamation
Authors: Breij Bé
Published: November 2012

The Roman paterfamilias' power over his household, his patria potestas, was extreme and could encroach upon all domains of the lives of his dependants. Its most radical manifestation was the vitae necisque potestas, or the right to kill one's own children with impunity. There are twenty-two extant Roman declamations in which fathers have killed, or wish to kill, their sons. After an excursion into their juridical and historical background, I will discuss them briefly. It will appear that though sometimes critical of excesses, they serve to confirm rather than undermine the patria potestas.
The Making of an “Orateur National”: The French Reception of Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet's Oratorical Works (1750—2005)
Authors: Carlos Claudia M.
Published: November 2012

Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704) is today regarded as the most important French preacher of the Ancien Régime; yet, this was not always the case. In fact, before the nineteenth century, Bossuet's reputation was no greater than that of his contemporary counterparts, especially Louis Bourdaloue (1632–1704) and Jean-Baptiste Massillon (1662–1742). What happened to cause Bossuet's rise to rhetorical preeminence in post-revolutionary France? A survey of how French literary historians of the past three centuries have received Bossuet's oratorical works suggests an answer, as well as exposes the rhetorical dimensions of appropriation itself.
“New Terms for the Vindication of our Rights”: William Whipper's Activist Rhetoric
Authors: McClish Glen
Published: November 2012

This study features the contributions of nineteenth-century activist William Whipper to the African American rhetorical tradition. Through analyses of six texts written between 1828 and 1837, I detail Whipper's dedication to open civic discourse; his preference for appeals to reason; his Christian ethos; his appropriation of the rhetoric of white writers, which functions in service of his positive portrayal of black culture; and his mistrust of arguments based on expediency. I also demonstrate how these characteristics shape–and, to a certain extent, evolve in–Whipper's subsequent writings. The conclusion locates Whipper's rhetorical principles in the broader context of nineteenth-century African American rhetoric.
Reticence and the Holocaust: The Rhetorical Style of Pope Pius XII
Authors: Kari Camilla J.
Published: November 2012

This essay examines the debate regarding Pope Pius XII's lack of protest regarding ethnic massacres during World War II. By failing to publicly expose what was happening to Jews under Nazi occupation, Pius is seen as defaulting on his responsibility as moral leader. The mounting number of books on this subject indicates a persistent level of controversy that has not abated in the decades since the war. Criticisms about the Pope tend to attribute personal motives for his lack of oratory, indicative of malice or indifference. This conclusion is reached because contemporary critics assume that the pontiff, as head of his church, had a liberty of discourse and of personal independence in his style of rhetoric. This study, by contrast, posits the view that Pius was constrained rhetorically by the demands of his office. The statements of the previous pontiffs who were his predecessors indicate that Pius was conforming to a discursive style imposed by papal protocol and consistent with the ornately impersonal linguistic style that characterizes Vatican documents. Applying a rhetorical lens to the pontiff's peculiar reticence provides a way to penetrate the historical impasse surrounding this disputed figure.
Spanish Declaimers in the Elder Seneca
Authors: Bennett Beth S.
Published: November 2012

As a child in Corduba, a Romanized city in southern Spain, the Elder Seneca was heavily influenced by Roman society and literary tastes. He left his home and his family, for long periods of time as an adult, to experience the talents of professional declaimers in Rome. From his memory of the controversiae and suasoriae of these declaimers, he wrote the Oratorum et rhetoruni sententiae, divisiones, colores. In his collection, along with various Roman and Greek declaimers, are several Spanish declaimers. Seneca claims he included them “not out of excess of enthusiasm for them, but on the basis of considered judgement” (Con. 10.pr.16). Here, I examine how Seneca presents these Spanish declaimers and their distinguishing characteristics, in comparison with Roman declamatory standards, and consider his purpose in doing so.
A Rhetorical Tradition Lost in Translation: Implications for Rhetoric in the Ancient Indian Nyāya Sūtras
Authors: Lloyd Keith
Published: November 2012

Ancient India formalized rhetorical debate in the Sanskrit Nyāya Sūtras. Still influential, they remain relatively unknown because India is thought more mystical than logical, because Nyāya has been misinterpreted through Greek logic and terminologies, and because of its epistemology and soteriology. Perrett's four Western “approaches” to India—“magisterial,” “exoticist,” “curatorial,” and “interlocutory”—provide perspective. Magisterial blindness and exoticist assumptions prohibit understanding of Nyāya and delay its inclusion in rhetorical studies. A curatorial/interlocutory approach (translation and elucidation) reveals Nyāya's nature, as well as its similarities with Aristotle's enthymeme and example, enriching our understanding of the history and nature of rhetoric.
Civic Eulogy in the Epitaphios of Pericles and the Citywide Prayer Service of Rudolph Giuliani
Authors: Pepe Cristina
Published: November 2012

This essay inquires into the mechanisms that regulate construction of civic eulogies in Pericles' Funeral Oration and Rudolf Giuliani's “Citywide Prayer Service at Yankee Stadium.” The inquiry focuses upon how the speeches establish the relationship between the speaker and audience, employ rhetorical topoi, and develop argumentative strategies. In the end, it becomes clear that the speeches transact praise of the dead and exaltation of civic ideals with strikingly similar approaches.
Stefano Bertuzzi: Science first
Authors: Sedwick Caitlin
Published: November 2012

Bertuzzi is the newly appointed Executive Director of the American Society for Cell Biology.
Rlp24 activates the AAA-ATPase Drg1 to initiate cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
Authors: Kappel Lisa , Loibl Mathias , Zisser Gertrude , Klein Isabella , Fruhmann Gernot , Gruber Christof , Unterweger Stefan , Rechberger Gerald , Pertschy Brigitte , Bergler Helmut
Published: November 2012

Formation of eukaryotic ribosomes is driven by energy-consuming enzymes. The AAA-ATPase Drg1 is essential for the release of several shuttling proteins from cytoplasmic pre-60S particles and the loading of late joining proteins. However, its exact role in ribosome biogenesis has been unknown. Here we show that the shuttling protein Rlp24 recruited Drg1 to pre-60S particles and stimulated its ATPase activity. ATP hydrolysis in the second AAA domain of Drg1 was required to release shuttling proteins. In vitro, Drg1 specifically and exclusively extracted Rlp24 from purified pre-60S particles. Rlp24 release required ATP and was promoted by the interaction of Drg1 with the nucleoporin Nup116. Subsequent ATP hydrolysis in the first AAA domain dissociated Drg1 from Rlp24, liberating both proteins for consecutive cycles of activity. Our results show that release of Rlp24 by Drg1 defines a key event in large subunit formation that is a prerequisite for progression of cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation.
Lysosomal storage disorders: The cellular impact of lysosomal dysfunction
Authors: Platt Frances M. , Boland Barry , van der Spoel Aarnoud C.
Published: November 2012

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of disorders that result from inherited gene mutations that perturb lysosomal homeostasis. LSDs mainly stem from deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes, but also in some non-enzymatic lysosomal proteins, which lead to abnormal storage of macromolecular substrates. Valuable insights into lysosome functions have emerged from research into these diseases. In addition to primary lysosomal dysfunction, cellular pathways associated with other membrane-bound organelles are perturbed in these disorders. Through selective examples, we illustrate why the term “cellular storage disorders” may be a more appropriate description of these diseases and discuss therapies that can alleviate storage and restore normal cellular function.
Nonmedially assembled F-actin cables incorporate into the actomyosin ring in fission yeast
Authors: Huang Junqi , Huang Yinyi , Yu Haochen , Subramanian Dhivya , Padmanabhan Anup , Thadani Rahul , Tao Yaqiong , Tang Xie , Wedlich-Soldner Roland , Balasubramanian Mohan K.
Published: November 2012

In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring. Despite the central role of this ring in cytokinesis, the mechanism of F-actin assembly and accumulation in the ring is not fully understood. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of F-actin assembly during cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe using lifeact as a probe to monitor actin dynamics. Previous work has shown that F-actin in the actomyosin ring is assembled de novo at the division site. Surprisingly, we find that a significant fraction of F-actin in the ring was recruited from formin-Cdc12p nucleated long actin cables that were generated at multiple nonmedial locations and incorporated into the ring by a combination of myosin II and myosin V activities. Our results, together with findings in animal cells, suggest that de novo F-actin assembly at the division site and directed transport of F-actin cables assembled elsewhere can contribute to ring assembly.
Intermediate state trapping of a voltage sensor
Authors: Lacroix Jérôme J. , Pless Stephan A. , Maragliano Luca , Campos Fabiana V. , Galpin Jason D. , Ahern Christopher A. , Roux Benoît , Bezanilla Francisco
Published: November 2012

Voltage sensor domains (VSDs) regulate ion channels and enzymes by undergoing conformational changes depending on membrane electrical signals. The molecular mechanisms underlying the VSD transitions are not fully understood. Here, we show that some mutations of I241 in the S1 segment of the Shaker Kv channel positively shift the voltage dependence of the VSD movement and alter the functional coupling between VSD and pore domains. Among the I241 mutants, I241W immobilized the VSD movement during activation and deactivation, approximately halfway between the resting and active states, and drastically shifted the voltage activation of the ionic conductance. This phenotype, which is consistent with a stabilization of an intermediate VSD conformation by the I241W mutation, was diminished by the charge-conserving R2K mutation but not by the charge-neutralizing R2Q mutation. Interestingly, most of these effects were reproduced by the F244W mutation located one helical turn above I241. Electrophysiology recordings using nonnatural indole derivatives ruled out the involvement of cation-Π interactions for the effects of the Trp inserted at positions I241 and F244 on the channel’s conductance, but showed that the indole nitrogen was important for the I241W phenotype. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the stabilization of the intermediate state were investigated by creating in silico the mutations I241W, I241W/R2K, and F244W in intermediate conformations obtained from a computational VSD transition pathway determined using the string method. The experimental results and computational analysis suggest that the phenotype of I241W may originate in the formation of a hydrogen bond between the indole nitrogen atom and the backbone carbonyl of R2. This work provides new information on intermediate states in voltage-gated ion channels with an approach that produces minimum chemical perturbation.
Conformational coupling in BK potassium channels
Authors: Horrigan Frank T.
Published: November 2012

Large conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent BK potassium channels (aka BKCa, MaxiK, Slo1, KCa1.1, and KCNMA1) are expressed in a wide variety of tissues throughout the body and are activated by both intracellular Ca2+ and membrane depolarization. Owing to these properties, BK channels participate in diverse physiological processes from electrical excitability in neurons and secretory cells, and regulation of smooth muscle tone to tuning of auditory hair cells (Vergara et al., 1998; Ghatta et al., 2006). The response to voltage and Ca2+ allows BK channels to integrate electrical and calcium signaling, which is central to their physiological role. Understanding how BK and other multimodal channels are regulated by and integrate diverse stimuli is not only physiologically important but also relevant to the topic of conformational coupling. As a voltage- and ligand-dependent channel, BK channels contain both voltage-sensor and ligand-binding domains as well as a gate to regulate the flow of K+ through the pore. Coupling of conformational changes in one domain to another provides the basis for transducing voltage and ligand binding into channel opening and, therefore, defines, together with the functional properties of the gate and sensors, the signal transduction properties of the channel. The goal of this perspective is to provide an overview on the role and molecular basis of conformational coupling between functional domains in BK channels and outline some of the questions that remain to be answered.
Experimental studies on the optimization design of a low specific speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhang J F , Yuan Y , Yuan S Q , Lu W G , Yuan J P
Published: November 2012

Start your abstract here... For a low specific speed centrifugal pump with the requirement of high efficiency of 68% and non-overload power characteristics, series experimental studies, by matching 9 volutes with 19 impellers were done. By combining the former research results about the splitters and the non-overload theory in centrifugal pump, the theoretical conditions to achieve the property of non-overload in a centrifugal pump with splitters was analyzed, and formulas to estimate the maximum shaft power and its position are derived. Based on the requirement of high efficiency and non-overload, blade outlet angle β
2, blade outlet width b
2, volute throat area Ft
and the inlet diameter of splitters Di
were chosen with three levels to design a normal L9 (34) orthogonal test scheme. Meanwhile, the optimized design scheme was determined, and corresponding test was done also, it demonstrates that the experiment purpose was reached, the design method to combine the splitters and non-overload theory is reasonable, which can get the property of high efficiency and non-overload.
Symbolic dynamics for surface diffeomorphisms with positive entropy
Authors: Sarig Omri
Published: November 2012

Letffbe aC1+εC^{1+\varepsilon }diffeomorphism on a compact smooth surface with positive topological entropyhh. For every0>δ>h0>\delta >h, we construct an invariant Borel setEEand a countable Markov partition for the restriction offftoEEin such a way thatEEhas full measure with respect to every ergodic invariant probability measure with entropy greater thanδ\delta. The following results follow:ffhas at most countably many ergodic measures of maximal entropy (a conjecture of J. Buzzi), and in the case whenffisC∞C^\infty,lim supn→∞e−nh#{x:fn(x)=x}>0\limsup \limits _{n\to \infty }e^{-n h}\#\{x:f^n(x)=x\}>0(a conjecture of A. Katok).