bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Is Not All That Matters in the Education of Secondary Multilingual Learners and Their Teachers
Authors: Mitchell Kara
Published: October 2016

Utilizing the critical race theory (CRT) construct of majoritarian stories and the already identified story of English-is-all-that-matters in the education of multilingual learners and their teachers, this study illustrates the influence of this powerful narrative in classroom practice. By promoting English-only instruction, maintaining a limited perspective of what it means to know English, and treating multilingual learners as if they were monolingual, this study demonstrates that multilingual learners’ educational opportunities are being limited through a persistent and unhelpful overemphasis on English.
Toward Common Ground: The Uses of Educational Anthropology in Multicultural Education
Authors: Demerath Peter , Mattheis Allison
Published: October 2016

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This article reviews advances of interest to multicultural educators and researchers in the complementary disciplines of multicultural education and educational anthropology including: the culture concept; biological and sociological conceptions of “race;” postmodern understandings of identity and subjectivity; and ethnographic accounts of how students’ school experiences are shaped by globalization, immigration, class culture, neoliberalism, and popular culture. We further consider ways that teachers can support students from diverse backgrounds, and sociocultural approaches to understanding educational policy impacts and appropriation. Our hope is to narrow the distance between these two fields so that common aims can be even more effectively realized.
Multicultural Education as Community Engagement: Policies and Planning in a Transnational Era
Authors: Davis Kathryn A , Phyak Prem , Bui Thuy Thi Ngoc
Published: October 2016

Through viewing multicultural education as policy and planning that is enacted at national, regional, and local levels in Nepal and Vietnam, we explore the challenges and possibilities of engaging communities. We examine transnationalism, neoliberalism, and globalization as these impact national policies, community ideologies, regional/local economy, social welfare, and education. Critical ethnographic studies further focus on history, place, and culture in engaging communities of policy makers, educators, students, families and activists in reflection and transformation, policy making, and planning. These studies serve to re-envision multicultural education as critical community engagement and transformation within a transnational era.
Introduction to the 5th Anniversary Issue of The International Journal of Multicultural Education
Authors: Richardson Bruna Katherine , Chang Heewon
Published: October 2016

This is an introductory essay to the 5th-year anniversary issue of the IJME.
Multicultural Initiatives Across Educational Contexts in Psychology: Becoming Diverse in Our Approach
Authors: Adames Hector Y. , Fuentes Milton A. , Rosa Dinelia , Chavez-Dueñas Nayeli Y.
Published: October 2016

Educational context plays a role in promoting and maintaining multicultural competence. Whereas in the past decade psychology has considered the impact of multiculturalism in educational training; however, less attention has been paid to the institutional contexts that house these efforts. In this paper, four professional psychologists with expertise in multicultural education enumerate the barriers they encountered as they attempted to establish culture-centered educational contexts. Focusing on three specific educational contexts (a psychology department, a training clinic, and a medical setting), they provide insightful and compelling narratives that educators can relate to and apply to their own institutions. The article concludes with recommendations.
Globalization and Multilingualism: Case Studies of Indigenous Culture-based Education from the Indian Sub-continent and Their Implications
Authors: Singh Navin Kumar
Published: October 2016

This paper presents some of the major program initiatives honoring Indigenous knowledge, culture, heritage, arts, and skills through curricular reforms and culturally appropriate educational practices on the Indian sub-continent. It presents case studies of Indigenous culture-based education, with reference to mother tongue and multicultural education practices and discusses their implications.
Autobiographies in Preservice Teacher Education: A Snapshot Tool for Building a Culturally Responsive Pedagogy
Authors: Gunn AnnMarie , Bennett Susan , Shuford Evans Linda , Peterson Barbara J. , Welsh James L.
Published: October 2016

Many scholars have made the call for teacher educators to provide experiences that can lead preservice teachers to embrace a culturally responsive pedagogy. We investigated the use of brief autobiographies during an internship as a tool (a) for preservice teachers to examine their multidimensional culture; and (b) for teacher educators to assess preservice teachers' developing understandings about cultural responsive pedagogy and then further design curriculum to enhance these understandings. Using qualitative methods, we analyzed the preservice teachers' (N=24) autobiographies and an interview with the professor of this course. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest teacher educators need to develop experiences and opportunities that will enable preservice teachers to reflect on how culture impacts teaching and learning behaviors. Therefore, preservice teachers will be better prepared to teach all students.
The Notion of Authenticity in Multicultural Music: Approaching Proximal Simulation
Authors: Nethsinghe Nishantha Rohan
Published: October 2016

As countries become increasingly multicultural, it can be argued that the authentic teaching and learning of multicultural music in educational settings is essential. Crucial to this is the provision of cultural context to retain as much of the original meaning of the music as possible. This paper discusses the main arguments for authenticity in multicultural music and the implications for its learning and teaching. Researchers argue that the formal aspect of music transmission has been overlooked in multicultural music teaching and learning. The intention of the author is to introduce the concept of Proximal Simulation and its constituting elements, namely Authentic Performance Conventions; Authentic Audiation; Authentic Sensory Experiences and Emotions, and offer suggestions for safeguarding musical traditions through Authentic Transmission (teaching and learning) practices. This discussion also explores the qualities of the ‘Transcontextualisation’ theory proposed by musicologist Osamu Yamaguti in 1994, in the contexts of multicultural music performance and transmission.
Culturally Responsive Instructional Leadership: A Conceptual Exploration with Principals of Three New Zealand Mainstream Schools
Authors: Mugisha Vincent M.
Published: October 2016

Principals of many New Zealand (NZ) mainstream schools navigate a complex intercultural educational policy environment to address the academic challenges of M?ori and Pasifika students. This inquiry sought to explore the concept of culturally responsive instructional leadership by studying the knowledge, actions, motives, perceptions, and challenges of White principals in a primary school, an intermediate school, and a high school in NZ. The emergent conceptual definition of culturally responsive instructional leadership includes those purposeful, well-intentioned, creative, and collaborative actions that a principal takes to enhance the academic engagement and achievement of minority-culture students.
The Voces Project: Investigating How Latino/a Immigrant Children Make Sense of Engaging in School and School Mathematics
Authors: Knudson-Martin John C.
Published: October 2016

This study investigates how a group of Mexican immigrant children in the United States made sense of engaging in school and school mathematics.  The research focused on a population of Latino/a middle school students who were a distinct minority, building a model that shows how a complex set of cognitive, sociocultural, and institutional factors mediated these students’ engagement and success in school.  The results of this research will help educators understand the complex social environment that faces immigrant children and impacts their performance and engagement in school and school mathematics.
Reading in their Own Interests: Teaching Five Levels of Analysis
Authors: Camangian Patrick Roz
Published: October 2016

This article examines the usefulness of engaging culturally relevant texts with five levels of analysis to foster critical thinking and academic writing. Teachers who are not critical of seemingly a theoretical, ahistorical reading methods often overlook the ways that cultural biases in instructional methods ignore the cultural and critical needs of urban students of color (Bartolome, 1994; Morrell, 2008). Using five levels of analysis (explicit, implicit, theoretical, interpretive, and applicable) addresses this concern by challenging students to comprehend the central ideas of texts, interrogate in terms of social justice, connect concepts to their immediate realities and extrapolate useful ideas to apply to their everyday lives.
Conversations on Indigenous Education, Progress, and Social Justice in Peru (Conversaciones sobre Educación Indígena, Progreso, y Justicia Social en el Perú) (pp. 10-25)
Authors: Sumida Huaman Elizabeth Alva
Published: October 2016

This article attempts to contribute to our expanding definitions of Indigenous education within a globalized world. Additionally, the article critiques notions of progress modeled by powerful nation-states due to their histories based on the intended consequences of marginalizing Indigenous populations for the purposes of material gain. Last, global discourses on meaningful Indigenous participation in educational design are discussed as they illuminate culturally and politically based movements that defy singular narratives of Indigenous peoples and education. (This article is provided in English only.)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Este artículo intenta expandir nuestras definiciones de educación en el contexto de un mundo globalizado. De esta manera, el artículo presenta una crítica a las ideas de progreso que han sido impuestas por estados-naciones que concentran el poder. Se argumenta que esta imposición es el resultado de procesos históricos basados en la marginalización de poblaciones Indígenas con el propósito de enriquecer materialmente a las sociedades occidentales. La discusión finalmente se enfoca en los discursos globales que enfatizan la relevancia de la participación Indígena en el diseño de la educación, y que destacan la contribución de los movimientos políticos y culturales al desafío de los discursos esencializados sobre los pueblos Indígenas y sus relaciones con el desarrollo de educación.  (Este artículo se ofrece solamente en inglés.)
Coloniality and Cognitive Justice: Reinterpreting Formal Education for the Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador (Colonialidad y Justicia Cognitiva: Reinterpretando la Educación Formal para los Pueblos Indígenas del Ecuador) (pp. 45-60)
Authors: Veintie Tuija
Published: October 2016

This article examines intercultural bilingual education (IBE) as a reterritorialization of a globalized Western model of formal education into the Ecuadorian indigenous context. This reterritorialization is explored through an IBE teacher education institute. First, the article discusses the instructional practices that attempt to break with Western ways of thinking and understanding knowledge. Secondly, the article examines the “Monday morning assembly,” a key event that exemplifies the negotiations between adopting and customizing Western ways in everyday practices. The study shows that the effects of coloniality remain strong despite the efforts towards social and cognitive justice. (This article is provided in English only.)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Este artículo examina la educación intercultural bilingüe como reterritorialización del modelo occidental globalizado para la educación formal dentro del contexto de las comunidades indígenas ecuatorianas. Esta reterritorialización se explora en el artículo a través del estudio de dos casos del Instituto Educativo de Maestros EIB. El primer caso discute el intento de romper con las formas de pensamiento y conocimiento en la instrucción de las ciencias occidentales. En el segundo caso, el análisis de una de las juntas del día lunes da una clara muestra sobre las negociaciones que se llevan a cabo para la adopción de las costumbres occidentales en la rutina diaria de la comunidad educativa. El estudio muestra cómo se mantienen los efectos de la colonización a pesar de los esfuerzos hechos para el logro de una justicia social y cognitiva. (Este artículo se ofrece solamente en inglés.)
Postglobal Teacher Preparation: Border Thinking along the Global South through International Cross-Cultural Experiences (La Preparación Post Global del Maestro) (pp.76-96)
Authors: Rahatzad Jubin , Sasser Hannah L. , Phillion JoAnn , Karimi Nastaran , Deng Yuwen , Akiyama Reiko , Sharma Suniti
Published: October 2016

Preservice teachers’ international cross-cultural experiences can provide opportunities for the exploration of epistemic frontiers.  In this article we suggest that postglobal teacher preparation is a critically reflective approach that engages preservice teachers in border thinking, which allows for other ways of knowing while studying abroad.  Through international cross-cultural experiences, preservice teachers can recognize the disparate impacts of neoliberal economic globalization on educational and social equity within the metaphorical global South and the global North.  We examine the narratives constructed by preservice teachers through the reflection of their international cross-cultural experiences during a Honduras Study Abroad Program.  The article also explores the implications of a postglobal preparation for preservice teachers. (This article is provided in English only.)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Las experiencias culturales internacionales de aquellos que se preparan para ser maestros pueden proveer oportunidades para la exploración de fronteras epistémicas. Este artículo sugiere la preparación postglobal como una aproximación crítica y reflexiva que puede comprometer a los que se preparan para ser maestros hacia una forma fronteriza de pensamiento la cual les permite explorar otras formas de conocimiento. A través de esta experiencia los maestros en preparación también pueden tener la oportunidad de reconocer los impactos desiguales de la economía neoliberal y capitalista sobre diversas plataformas educacionales y sociales dentro de lo que metafóricamente se conocen como sur y norte globales. En este artículo se analizan narrativas construidas por los maestros en formación durante un programa de estudios internacionales en Honduras. Se exploran también implicancias para la preparación postglobal en la educación de maestros. (Este artículo se ofrece solamente en inglés.)
Parankuecha, Diálogos y Aprendizajes: Las Fogatas de Cherán como Praxis Educativa Comunitaria (Parankuecha, Dialogues and Learning: The Fireplaces of Cheran as Communitary Educational Praxis) (pp.61-75)
Authors: Morales Velázquez Jurhamuti José , Lepe Lira Luz María
Published: October 2016

El movimiento social del 15 de abril de 2011 en la comunidad indígena de Cherán, Mich., tuvo dos efectos inminentes: la autodefensa del territorio y el retorno a sistemas de organización tradicionales p’urhépechas. Este artículo muestra el surgimiento de las fogatas como espacio de diálogo y de aprendizajes situados. A través de un taller realizado con los niños de la comunidad, que se analiza como una práctica de educación comunitaria donde el saber se construye en la observación y en la acción, se abordaron las nociones de participación política, pertenencia comunitaria y defensa de la naturaleza. (Este artículo se ofrece solamente en español.)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The social movement of April 15, 2011 in the indigenous community of Cheran, Michoacan, had two primary effects:  the self-defense of the indigenous territory, and the return to traditional p’urhepechas systems of organization.  This article describes the emergence of the bonfire as a space for dialogue and situated learning.  The article analyzes a workshop for children, as a practice of community education where knowledge is constructed through observation and action, and where notions of political participation, community membership, and protection of natural resources are addressed. (This article is provided in Spanish only.)
Re-pensando el Lugar de las Lenguas Indígenas en Chile: Globalización y Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (Re-thinking the Place of Indigenous Languages in Chile: Globalization and Intercultural Bilingual Education) (pp. 26-44)
Authors: Becerra Lubies Rukmini , Hasler Felipe , Mayo Simona
Published: October 2016

Este artículo enfatiza la importancia de develar la relación entre lenguaje, educación y globalización. Enfocándonos en el caso de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en Chile y sus esfuerzos de revitalización del mapudungun, argumentamos que es posible desafiar la influencia negativa de la globalización si se hace explícita la relación entre lenguaje, educación y globalización. Igualmente se incluye la noción de globalización desde abajo (Appadurai, 2000) como lente principal para dicho argumento. Junto con esta propuesta, son centrales para este estudio las contribuciones de Freire (1970) y Bourdieu (1994). A través de dichas perspectivas se analizan tres problemas derivados de la ausencia de un examen crítico de la globalización. (Este artículo se ofrece solamente en español.)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~This study emphasizes the importance of uncovering the relationship between language, education and globalization. Focusing on the case of Intercultural Bilingual Education in Chile and its efforts to revitalize Mapudungun, we argue that the negative influence of globalization could be reduced if we make explicit the relationship between language, education and globalization. In this respect we include the notion globalization from below (Appadurai, 2000) a main lens for our argument. Along with this proposal, central to this study are the contributions of Freire (1970) and Bourdieu (1994). Through these perspectives, we analyze three problems arising from the absence of a critical analysis of globalization. (This article is provided only in Spanish.)
Fostering Awareness through Transmediation: Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Critical Engagement with Multicultural Literature (pp. 1-20)
Authors: Hadjioannou Xenia , Hutchinson Mary
Published: October 2016

<span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Research has extolled the potential of transmediation in expanding learners' analytical and critical insight. However, this approach requires teachers prepared to employ this multimodal way of knowing. This study examines the impact of transmediation course experiences on pre-service teachers' comprehension of and critical engagement with multicultural children's literature, particularly in relation to multicultural awareness and social justice; their instructional planning; and their intended practice. Findings suggest presenting and supporting transmediation as a critical literacy approach can have a powerful effect on pre-service teachers' understanding of texts, on their sensitivity to diversity issues, and on their beliefs about teaching and learning.
 
The Educational Journeys of American Indian Women: Forming Aspirations for Higher Education (pp. 21-39)
Authors: Andrade Maureen Snow
Published: October 2016

American Indians (AIs) have lower higher education enrollment and completion rates than Whites and most minority groups. AI women, however, participate at higher rates than AI men, White women, and White men. Research has not examined what contributes to their higher education aspirations. This study explored the middle and high school experiences of educationally successful AI women to determine how academic factors-activities within and beyond school and relations with peers, teachers, and counselors-affected their enrollment decisions. Findings indicate that academic engagement, community and culture, resiliency to challenges, and knowledge of higher education contribute to aspirations. Implications are discussed.
A Woman’s Place: Women of Colour Navigating Doctoral Education in South Africa (pp. 15-35)
Authors: Snyder Cyndy R.
Published: October 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of women of colour in South African doctoral education programmes. Through qualitative interviews with African, Indian, and Coloured female doctoral students, this study illuminates the challenges women of colour doctoral students face in progressing through doctoral education in South Africa, and the supports they utilize to help them persist and complete doctoral degrees. Findings are organized around four themes: (1) challenging race and gender stereotypes and expectations; (2) balancing multiple roles; (3) managing financial concerns and access to resources; and (4) finding support and encouragement. This study holds implications for how institutions of higher education can help support female students of colour in navigating their programmes.
Silencing of genes responsible for polyQ diseases using chemically modified single-stranded siRNAs
Authors: Fiszer Agnieszka , Ellison-Klimontowicz Marianna E , Krzyzosiak Wlodzimierz J
Published: October 2016

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases comprise a group of nine genetic disorders that are caused by the expansion of the CAG triplet repeat, which encodes glutamine, in unrelated single genes. The pathogenesis is caused by the disruption of cellular pathways by the expression products of the mutant gene, i.e., proteins containing polyQ tracts and mutant transcripts. In considering oligonucleotide (ON)-based therapeutic approaches for polyQ diseases, the very attractive CAG repeat-targeting strategy offers selective silencing of the mutant allele by directly targeting the mutation site. CAG repeat-targeting miRNA-like siRNAs have been shown to specifically inhibit mutant gene expression, and their characteristic feature is the formation of mismatches in their interactions with the target site. Here, we designed novel single-stranded siRNAs that contain base substitutions and chemical modifications and tested these oligonucleotides in cellular models of Huntington’s disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), including HD mouse striatal cells. Selected siRNAs caused the efficient and selective downregulation of the mutant protein levels.
Biological Functions of Natural Antisense Transcripts
Authors: Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Makałowska Izabela
Published: October 2016

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are RNA molecules that originate from opposite DNA strands of the same genomic locus (cis-NAT) or unlinked genomic loci (trans-NAT). NATs may play various regulatory functions at the transcriptional level via transcriptional interference. NATs may also regulate gene expression levels post-transcriptionally via induction of epigenetic changes or double-stranded RNA formation, which may lead to endogenous RNA interference, RNA editing or RNA masking. The true biological significance of the natural antisense transcripts remains controversial despite many years of research. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge and discuss the sense-antisense overlap regulatory mechanisms and their potential.
Barley primary microRNA expression pattern is affected by soil water availability
Authors: Swida-Barteczka Aleksandra , Kruszka Katarzyna , Grabowska Aleksandra , Pacak Andrzej , Jarmolowski Artur , Kurowska Marzena , Szarejko Iwona , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs are short molecules of 21-24 nt length. Present in all eukaryotic organisms, they regulate gene expression by guiding posttranscriptional silencing of mRNAs. In plants, they are key players in signal transduction, growth and development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an economically important monocotyledonous crop plant. Drought is the world’s main cause of loss in cereal production. We have constructed a high-throughput Real-Time RT-qPCR platform for parallel determination of 159 barley primary microRNAs levels. The platform was tested in two drought-and-rehydration-treated barley genotypes (Rolap and Sebastian). We have determined changes in the expression of primary microRNAs responding to mild drought, severe drought, and rehydration. From the results, we conclude that the primary microRNA expression is altered relative to the stress intensity. Mild drought and rehydration mostly decrease the pri-miRNAs levels in both of the tested genotypes. Severe drought mainly induces primary microRNA expression. The main difference between the genotypes tested was a much-stronger induction of pri-miRNAs in Rolap encountering severe drought. The primary microRNAs respond dynamically to mild drought, severe drought, and rehydration treatments. We propose some of the individual pri-miRNAs to be drought stress or rehydration markers. We recommend the primary microRNA RT-qPCR-based platform to be a universal tool for testing the strength of drought response in barley. Hence, the platform can be used to determine drought stress levels applied to barley plants. The usage of the platform in biotechnology is also postulated.
A Mathematical Spline-Based Model of Cardiac Left Ventricle Anatomy and Morphology
Authors: Pravdin Sergei
Published: October 2016

Computer simulation of normal and diseased human heart activity requires a 3D anatomical model of the myocardium, including myofibres. For clinical applications, such a model has to be constructed based on routine methods of cardiac visualisation such as sonography. Symmetrical models are shown to be too rigid, so an analytical non-symmetrical model with enough flexibility is necessary. Based on previously made anatomical models of the left ventricle, we propose a new, much more flexible spline-based analytical model. The model is fully described and verified against DT-MRI data. We show a way to construct it on the basis of sonography data. To use this model in further physiological simulations, we propose a numerical method to utilise finite differences in solving the reaction-diffusion problem together with an example of scroll wave dynamics simulation.
EEG Signal Recognition Based on Wavelet Transform and ACCLN Network
Authors: Qin Xuebin , Deng Jun , Wang Mei , Zhang Yizhe , Wang Pai
Published: October 2016

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a record of brain activity. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology formed by the EEG signal has become one of the hotspots at present. How to extract the feature signal of EEG is the most basic research of BCI technology. In this paper, A new method of recognizing fatigue, conscious, concentrated state of human brain is proposed by the combination of discrete wavelet transform and the neural network based on EEG signal. First of all, the law signal is preprocessed by the wavelet denoising method because the law EEG signal contains a large number of high frequency noise, which is decomposed into multi-layer high frequency signal and low frequency signal. thus, δ wave, θ wave, α wave, β wave are obtained by the wavelet transform. And then, frequency band energy of the different wave is regards as the feature signal of EEG. In the experiment, the feature signal is classified by radial basic function (RBF) and annealed chaotic competitive learning network (ACCLN). RBF and ACCLN networks are trained with 500 sets of sample data and are tested by 100 sets of samples in different mental states. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of RBF network under three conditions are 88.75%, 88.25%, 88.5%, respectively, and the correct rate of ACCLN network is 97%, 98%, 98%, respectively.
Ultraviolet Photo Catalytic Oxidation (UVPCO) Sensor for Air and Surface Sanitizers Using CS Amplifier
Authors: Whig Pawan , Naseem Ahmad Syed
Published: October 2016

In this research paper a novel Ultra Violet Photo Catalyst Oxidation (UVPCO) sensor for air and surface sanitization using Common Source (CS) amplifier is presented. The ultra violet photo catalysis is the process in which the highly reactive radicals like H+, OH-and peroxides ions are produced from air in the presence of the ultra violet radiation and photo catalyst. In this process, the free radicals outbreaks the bio aerosols like bacteria, fungus and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and destroy them. The proposed system is relies on the fast operation of PCS which operates under sub-threshold conditions and reduced computation time. The properties of common source amplifier like very high voltage gain and input output resistance increased the sensitivity as well as stability of the circuit. The system is more user friendly and the outcomes of simulation are fairly in agreement with the theoretical estimation. Keywords: bio aerosol, Photo Catalytic Oxidation (PCO), hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, SPICE, surface sanitizer.
Development and Application of a Wireless Sensor for Space Charge Density Measurement in an Ultra-High-Voltage, Direct-Current Environment
Authors: Xin Encheng , Ju Yong , Yuan Haiwen
Published: October 2016

A space charge density wireless measurement system based on the idea of distributed measurement is proposed for collecting and monitoring the space charge density in an ultra-high-voltage direct-current (UHVDC) environment. The proposed system architecture is composed of a number of wireless nodes connected with space charge density sensors and a base station. The space charge density sensor based on atmospheric ion counter method is elaborated and developed, and the ARM microprocessor and Zigbee radio frequency module are applied. The wireless network communication quality and the relationship between energy consumption and transmission distance in the complicated electromagnetic environment is tested. Based on the experimental results, the proposed measurement system demonstrates that it can adapt to the complex electromagnetic environment under the UHVDC transmission lines and can accurately measure the space charge density.
UPEI-400, a Conjugate of Lipoic Acid and Scopoletin, Mediates Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Connell Barry J. , Saleh Monique C. , Rajagopal Desikan , Saleh Tarek M.
Published: October 2016

Background: Previously, our laboratory has provided evidence that pre-administration of the antioxidant, lipoic acid covalently bonded to various naturally occurring antioxidants, enhanced neuroprotective capacity compared to the administration of lipoic acid on its own. The naturally occurring compound scopoletin, a coumarin derivative, has been shown in various in vitro studies to have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism of actions. To date, the effect of scopoletin on neuronal cell death in an in vivo model of ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion has not been investigated. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to determine if scopoletin on its own, or a co-drug consisting of lipoic acid and scopoletin covalent bond, named UPEI-400, would be capable of demonstrating a similar neuroprotective efficacy. Methods: Using a rodent model of stroke in male rats (anesthetized with Inactin®; 100 mg/kg, iv), the middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded for 6 hours (pMCAO), or in separate animals, occluded for 30 min followed by 5.5 hrs of reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion; I/R). Results: Pre-administration of either scopoletin or UPEI-400 significantly decreased infarct volume in the I/R model (p<0.05), but not in the pMCAO model of stroke. However, UPEI-400 was ~1000 times more potent as compared to scopoletin on its own. The optimal dose of UPEI-400 was then injected during the occlusion and at several time points during reperfusion and significant neuroprotection was observed for up to 150 mins following the start of reperfusion (p<0.05). Conclusion: The data suggest that synthetic combination of scopoletin with lipoic acid (UPEI-400) is a more effective neuroprotectant that either compound on their own. Also, since UPEI-400 was only effective in a model of I/R, it is possible that it may act to enhance neuronal antioxidant capacity and/or upregulate anti-inflammatory pathways to prevent the neuronal cell death.
Determination of Plant Density on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Intercropped with Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at Fadis and Erer of Eastern Hararghe
Authors: Berhanu Habte , Hunduma Adugna , Degefa Gazu , Legesse Zeleke , Abdulselam Fuad , Tadese Fiqadu
Published: October 2016

In eastern part of Ethiopia groundnut is very commonly intercropped with sorghum. Even though intercropping of sorghum with groundnut is practiced in the eastern part of Ethiopia the population density at what ratio should not be known. Therefore determining the population ratio is found to be crucial to draw management options.  The study was conducted at two locations at Fadis (on station) and Babile (sub- station).  Sorghum variety (Teshale) and groundnut (Fetene) were used as planting materials. All agronomic data were collected and analyzed by using GenStat software. Significant different were obtained among the treatments. The research result showed that, there were significance difference for both sorghum and ground nut yield per hectare in the years (2014 and 2015) among treatments. The result over time(in 2014 and 2015) at Fadis and Erer showed that the highest sorghum and groundnut yield per hectare were obtained/harvested from the intra row spacing of 25cmx20cm and 30cmx20cm intercropping sorghum with ground nut system with (1.27 and 1.31) respectively. The highest LER (1.31) and highest GMV (10218.00 ETBr/ha) were obtained from the intercropping of 30cmx20cm (Sorghum & groundnut). Clearly showed that, with intercropping of sorghum and Groundnut, it is possible to produce additional yield of sorghum without significant reduction in groundnut yield. As a result of this, the intra spacing of the main crop (sorghum) 25cm and 30cm and for the subsidiary crop (groundnut) 20cm was recommended for further production in the study areas of eastern Harerghe zone and similar agro-ecologies.
Guaranteed Bounds on Information-Theoretic Measures of Univariate Mixtures Using Piecewise Log-Sum-Exp Inequalities
Authors: Nielsen Frank , Sun Ke
Published: October 2016

Information-theoretic measures such as the entropy, cross-entropy and the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two mixture models is a core primitive in many signal processing tasks. Since the Kullback-Leibler divergence of mixtures provably does not admit a closed-form formula, it is in practice either estimated using costly Monte-Carlo stochastic integration, approximated, or bounded using various techniques. We present a fast and generic method that builds algorithmically closed-form lower and upper bounds on the entropy, the cross-entropy and the Kullback-Leibler divergence of mixtures. We illustrate the versatile method by reporting on our experiments for approximating the Kullback-Leibler divergence between univariate exponential mixtures, Gaussian mixtures, Rayleigh mixtures, and Gamma mixtures.
ICD Well History and Future Use in a Giant Oil Field Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 171836, “ICD Well History and Future Use in Giant Offshore Field, Abu Dhabi,” by Graham Edmonstone, Curtis Kofoed, Alfred Jackson, Shardul Parihar, Adriana Alvarez, Saad Mumtaz, and Ghassan Abdouche, Zakum Development Company, and Chris Shuchart, Christian Mayer, and Andrey Troshko, ExxonMobil, prepared for the 2014 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 10–13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

As part of a project that involves the use of four artificial islands to drill and complete more than 300 extended-reach-drilling (ERD) wells in a giant offshore oil field, several completion designs have been piloted for brownfield development. One well design incorporated the use of inflow-control devices (ICDs) and swell packers, which was the operator’s first use of such technology in a production well. The technology was installed in the pilot well to test inflow control and to manage future water production.

Introduction

The giant 1200-km2 offshore oil field is located 84 km northwest off Abu Dhabi Island and consists of a layered carbonate formation that was discovered in 1963. It has still only produced a small percentage of original oil in place, with water cut (WC) less than 15%. There have been almost 500 wells drilled in the field since field discovery. Development was based on pattern producer/injector wells, with each well using a dry tree on a wellhead platform tower.

To achieve the strategic goal of increasing the production rate by approximately 40% and maintaining a plateau for up to 25 years, a brownfield development plan (UZ-750) has been generated that will use four artificial islands (Fig. 1) with large 3,000-hp land drilling rigs. The aforementioned island arrangement will allow the drilling of approximately 360 wells that will use ERD to drill horizontal laterals approximately 10,000 ft in length at measured depths up to 35,000 ft. The brownfield development plan calls for a parallel line drive for producer/injector-well pairs, to provide optimum sweep of the reservoir.

The well-completion type is determined by geologically defined areas, which are differentiated by

High- and low-permeability regions

Faulted and fractured regions

Transition regions

Current (predicted) oil-water-saturation profiles

The well-design process takes these into account along with sector modeling to determine well-completion design for the life of the well. Typically, wells in the crest of the field will have an ICD liner, in the near west of the field will have a predrilled liner, and in the west/ far northwest of the field will have a stimulation liner.
Tapered amplifier laser with frequency-shifted feedback
Authors: Bayerle Alex , Tzanova Slava , Vlaar Patrick , Pasquiou Benjamin , Schreck Florian
Published: October 2016

We present a frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) laser based on a
tapered amplifier. The laser operates as a coherent broadband source
with up to 370 GHz spectral width and 2.3 \muμs
coherence time. If the FSF laser is seeded by a continuous-wave laser a
frequency comb spanning the output spectrum appears in addition to the
broadband emission. The laser has an output power of 280 mW and a center
wavelength of 780 nm. The ease and flexibility of use of tapered
amplifiers makes our FSF laser attractive for a wide range of
applications, especially in metrology.
Time evolution during and after finite-time quantum quenches in the transverse-field Ising chain
Authors: Puskarov Tatjana , Schuricht Dirk
Published: October 2016

We study the time evolution in the transverse-field Ising chain
subject to quantum quenches of finite duration, ie, a continuous change
in the transverse magnetic field over a finite time. Specifically, we
consider the dynamics of the total energy, one- and two-point
correlation functions and Loschmidt echo during and after the quench as
well as their stationary behaviour at late times. We investigate how
different quench protocols affect the dynamics and identify universal
properties of the relaxation.
Quantum-optical magnets with competing short- and long-range interactions: Rydberg-dressed spin lattice in an optical cavity
Authors: Gelhausen Jan , Buchhold Michael , Rosch Achim , Strack Philipp
Published: October 2016

The fields of quantum simulation with cold atoms and quantum optics
are currently being merged. In a set of recent pathbreaking experiments
with atoms in optical cavities , lattice quantum many-body systems with
both, a short-range interaction and a strong interaction potential of
infinite range –mediated by a quantized optical light field– were
realized. A theoretical modelling of these systems faces considerable
complexity at the interface of: (i) spontaneous symmetry-breaking and
emergent phases of interacting many-body systems with a large number of
atoms N\rightarrow \inftyN→∞,
(ii) quantum optics and the dynamics of fluctuating light fields, and
(iii) non-equilibrium physics of driven, open quantum systems. Here we
propose what is possibly the simplest, quantum-optical magnet with
competing short- and long-range interactions, in which all three
elements can be analyzed comprehensively: a Rydberg-dressed spin lattice
coherently coupled to a single photon mode. Solving a set of coupled
even-odd sublattice master equations for atomic spin and photon
mean-field amplitudes, we find three key results. (R1): Superradiance
and a coherent photon field appears in combination with spontaneously
broken magnetic translation symmetry. The latter is induced by the
short-range nearest-neighbor interaction from weakly admixed Rydberg
levels. (R2): This broken even-odd sublattice symmetry leaves its
imprint in the light via a novel peak in the cavity spectrum beyond the
conventional polariton modes. (R3): The combined effect of atomic
spontaneous emission, drive, and interactions can lead to phases with
anomalous photon number oscillations. Extensions of our work include
nano-photonic crystals coupled to interacting atoms and multi-mode
photon dynamics in Rydberg systems.
Decentralized wastewater treatment using a bioelectrochemical system to produce methane and electricity
Authors: Castro Cynthia J. , Srinivasan Varun , Jack Joshua , Butler Caitlyn S.
Published: October 2016

Biological electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential for decentralized treatment in developing countries. A 46 L, two-chamber, hydraulically partitioned microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to replicate low-flow scenarios leaving a composting toilet. The co-evolution of electricity and methane in this MFC was evaluated by testing two distinct waste streams: synthetic feces (Case F) and municipal primary effluent (Case W). Oxidation of organic matter was 76 ± 24% during Case F and 67 ± 21% during Case W. Methanogenesis was dominant in the anode, yielding potential power of 3.3 ± 0.64 W/m3 during Case F and 0.40 ± 0.07 W/m3 during Case W. Electrical power production was marginal, Case F = 4.7 ± 0.46 and Case W = 10.6 ± 0.39 μW/m3, although potentially useful in energy-limited areas. Complimentary batch cultivations with anode inocula yielded greater methane production in the presence of graphite. 74 ± 11% more methane was produced with graphite than suspended growth enrichments and 58 ± 10% more than enrichments with non-conductive plastic beads. The co-production of methane and electricity in an MFC may have utility in decentralized treatment. Further work is needed to optimize power from both electricity and methane.
Ouricuri (Syagrus coronata) fiber: a novel biosorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions
Authors: Meili Lucas , da Silva Társila Santos , Henrique Daniely Carlos , Soletti João Inácio , de Carvalho Sandra Helena Vieira , Fonseca Eduardo Jorge da Silva , de Almeida André Ricardo Felkl , Dotto Guilherme Luiz
Published: October 2016

In this work, the potential of ouricuri (Syagrus coronata) fiber as a novel biosorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The fiber was prepared and characterized according to the fundamental features for adsorption. A 23 experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of adsorbent dosage (M), fiber diameter (D) and agitation (A) on the adsorption capacity. In the more adequate conditions, kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed. The experimental design results showed that M = 10 g L−1), D = 0.595 mm and A = 200 rpm were the more adequate conditions for MB adsorption. Based on the kinetic study, it was found that the adsorption process was fast, being the equilibrium was attained at about 5 min, with 90% of color removal. The isotherm was properly represented by the Sips model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 31.7 mg g−1. In brief, it was demonstrated that ouricuri fiber is an alternative biosorbent to remove MB from aqueous media, taking into account the process efficiency and economic viewpoint.
Efficacy of Biorational Compounds against Whitefly (Bemisia
tabaci Genn.) on Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: NEUPANE SARSWATI , SUBEDI SUBASH , THAPA RESHAM BAHADUR , GC YUBAK DHOJ , REGMI PUNYA PRASAD , POKHREL SUROJ , SHRESTHA JIBAN
Published: October 2016

blackgram in randomized complete block design replicated thrice during rainy season of
2012/13 and 2013/14 at GLRP, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether eight treatments, i.e.
Rapid (Acetamiprid 20% SP) @ 0.5 gm/lt of water; Spinosad, (Tracer 45% SP) @ 0.25 ml/lt of
water; Fighter (Cypermethrin 10% EC + Chloropyrifos 50% EC) @ 1.5 ml /lt of water Admire
(Imidacloprid 25% WP) @ 0.25 g/lt of water, Nepal pepper (Xanthoxylum armatum DC.) fruit
extract @ 1:5 part; Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaves extract @1:5 part; Jadu (Triazophos
25% EC + Deltamethrin 1% EC) @ 0.5 ml/lt of water; and one control (water spray) were
selected for the experiment. Cumulative mean efficacy on population reduction over control,
after third sprays indicated that spinosad (72.96%) and admire (60.97%) was very effective
followed by jadu (59.54%), fighter (58.49%), and rapid (51.42%) with moderate efficacy. Neem
(35.56%) and Nepal pepper (36.31%) extracts were the least effective in controlling whitefly
population. The highest cost benefit ratio was found in plot treated with spinosad i.e. 1:2.7
followed by admire treated plots 1:2.6