bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of Postdiagnosis Physical Activity and Change from Prediagnosis Physical Activity with Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Farris Megan S. , Kopciuk Karen A. , Courneya Kerry S. , McGregor S. Elizabeth , Wang Qinggang , Friedenreich Christine M.
Published: September 2016

Background: This prospective study examined the associations between postdiagnosis physical activity and change from prediagnosis physical activity with quality of life (QoL) in prostate cancer survivors.

Methods: Prostate cancer survivors (N = 830) who participated in a case–control study with invasive stage ≥II disease were followed up to 2007 to capture QoL outcomes. At baseline and three time points postdiagnosis (2000–2007), interviews/questionnaires were used to collect data on physical activity, general QoL measured by the SF-36, and other treatment/lifestyle factors. Multivariable linear regression was used to test the relation between postdiagnosis physical activity and QoL as well as the change in physical activity over the diagnostic period and QoL.

Results: Both total and recreational physical activities were positively associated with physical QoL. Furthermore, when comparing changes in physical activity levels from pre- to postdiagnosis, men who consistently met physical activity guidelines had significantly higher physical [β = 6.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.15–7.86] and mental (β = 2.32; 95% CI, 0.29–4.34) QoL scores compared with those who did not meet guidelines pre- or postdiagnosis. Furthermore, those who adopted and met guidelines had increased QoL, whereas those who relapsed experienced decreased QoL.

Conclusions: Postdiagnosis recreational physical activity is associated with better physical QoL in prostate cancer survivors. Moreover, prostate cancer survivors who maintain or adopt physical activity after diagnosis report substantially higher QoL than men who never exercised or stopped exercising after diagnosis.

Impact: Future intervention studies should focus on achieving and maintaining adherence to physical activity guidelines postdiagnosis in prostate cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 179–87. ©2016 AACR.
Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Associations with the Phenotypic Features of the Tumor and Host
Authors: Park James H. , van Wyk Hester , McMillan Donald C. , Quinn Jean , Clark Jennifer , Roxburgh Campbell S.D. , Horgan Paul G. , Edwards Joanne
Published: September 2016

Purpose: In patients with colorectal cancer, a high-density local inflammatory infiltrate response is associated with improved survival, whereas elevated systemic inflammatory responses are associated with poor survival. One potential unifying mechanism is the IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. The present study examines the relationship between tumor total STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3Tyr705 (pSTAT3) expression, host inflammatory responses, and survival in patients undergoing resection of stage I–III colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical assessment of STAT3/pSTAT3 expression was performed using a tissue microarray and tumor cell expression divided into tertiles using the weighted histoscore. The relationship between STAT3/pSTAT3 expression and local inflammatory (CD3+, CD8+, CD45R0+, FOXP3+ T-cell density, and Klintrup–Mäkinen grade) and systemic inflammatory responses and cancer-specific survival were examined.

Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis. Cytoplasmic and nuclear STAT3 expression strongly correlated (r = 0.363; P < 0.001); nuclear STAT3 and pSTAT3 expression weakly correlated (r = 0.130; P = 0.068). Cytoplasmic STAT3 was inversely associated with the density of CD3+ (P = 0.012), CD8+ (P = 0.003), and FOXP3+ T lymphocytes (P = 0.002) within the cancer cell nests and was associated with an elevated systemic inflammatory response as measured by modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS2: 19% vs. 4%, P = 0.004).

The combination of nuclear STAT3/pSTAT3 stratified 5-year survival from 81% to 62% (P = 0.012), however, was not associated with survival independent of venous invasion, tumor perforation, or tumor budding.

Conclusions: In patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection, STAT3 expression was associated with adverse host inflammatory responses and reduced survival. Upregulation of tumor STAT3 may be an important mechanism whereby the tumor deregulates local and systemic inflammatory responses. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1698–709. ©2016 AACR.
Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Disease Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Sandborn William J. , Gupta Samir
Published: September 2016

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by recurrent episodes of mucosal inflammation. This chronic mucosal inflammation has several potential consequences, one of which is the occurrence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and overall approach to diagnosing and managing colitis-associated colorectal cancer has grown considerably. In the current review article, we outline these advancements and highlight areas in need of further research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 887–94. ©2016 AACR.
Detection of Low-Signal Pulvinar Areas Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients with Dementia Experiencing Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Sugiura Mayuko , Satoh Masayuki , Tabei Ken-ichi , Saito Tomoki , Mori Mutsuki , Abe Makiko , Kida Hirotaka , Maeda Masayuki , Sakuma Hajime , Tomimoto Hidekazu
Published: September 2016

Background: Little research has been conducted regarding the role of pulvinar nuclei in the pathogenesis of visual hallucinations due to the difficulty of assessing abnormalities in this region using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relative abilities of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to visualize the pulvinar and to ascertain the relationship between pulvinar visualization and visual hallucinations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 3T MRIs from 73 patients (31 males, 42 females; mean age 73.5 ± 12.7 years) of the Memory Clinic of Mie University Hospital was conducted. Correlations between pulvinar visualization and the following were analyzed: age, sex, education, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Evans index, and visual hallucinations. Results: DWI detected low-signal pulvinar areas in approximately half of the patients (52.1%). Participants with pulvinar visualization were significantly older, and the pulvinar was more frequently visualized in patients who had experienced visual hallucinations compared to those who had not. No significant association was observed between whole brain atrophy and pulvinar visualization. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that diffusion-weighted 3T MRI is the most suitable method for the detection of pulvinar nuclei in patients with dementia experiencing visual hallucinations.
Anaemia of Chronic Disease: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Madu Anazoeze Jude , Ughasoro Maduka Donatus
Published: September 2016

Anaemia is the most common haematological disorder affecting humanity and is usually observed in chronic disease states such as non-specific anaemia, which may cause diagnostic difficulties. In chronically ill patients with anaemia, this has a negative impact on quality of life as well as survival. This paper aims at reviewing the pathogenesis of this form of anaemia with a view to suggesting future targets for therapeutic intervention. The ability to diagnose this disorder depends on the ability of the physician to correlate the possible clinical pathways of the underlying disease with the patients' ferrokinetic state. It is important to rule out iron deficiency and other causes of anaemia as misdiagnosis will in most cases lead to refractoriness to standard therapy. The cytokines and acute-phase proteins play important roles in the pathogenesis of anaemia of chronic disease. Alterations in the metabolism of iron via the molecule hepcidin and ferritin are largely responsible for the consequent anaemia. Concomitant iron deficiency might be present and could affect the diagnosis and therapeutic protocol. Treatment options involve the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, blood transfusion, and iron supplementation, in addition to treating the underlying disease.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ІНФОРМАТИЗАЦІЇ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Voronenko Yu. V. , Babintseva L. Yu. , Banchuk M. V. , Krasnov V. V. , Martsenyuk V. P. , Denysenko S. V. , Azarhkov O. Yu. , Shypiatskyi I. M.
Published: September 2016

Conception determines the general basis of health system informatization, its aim, principles, general architecture, basic stages and its program.  Also there is described the logic of creation and structure of the state single health informational  system. The questions of management, resource providing and accompaniment of the single informational health system, adjusting of pharmaceutical market, expected socio-economic effect and other questions are presented.
ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ДІЇ ПОЛЯРИЗОВАНОГО СВІТЛА НА БІЛЬ
Authors: Gulyar S. О. , Tamarova Z. А.
Published: September 2016

There are presented experimental evidences of BIOPTRON device polarized light influence on the acupuncture points and pain locus. It is proved that PILER-light can induce analgesia which depends on the choice of the application zone, exposure and nature of pain (tonic, acute or visceral). Analgesic response has systemic character and is accompanied by participation of opioidergic nociceptive system
РЕГУЛЯТОРИ ПРОГРАМОВАНОЇ КЛІТИННОЇ СМЕРТІ ІЗОЛЬОВАНИХ МОДЕЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Vatlitsov D. V.
Published: September 2016

The technology evolution creates the prerequisites for the emergence of new informational concept and approaches to the formation of a fundamentally new principles of biological objects understanding. The aim was to study the activators of the programmed cell death in an isolated system model. Cell culture aging parameters were performed on flow cytometer. It had formed the theory that the changes in the concentrations of metal ions and increase their extracellular concentration had formed a negative gradient into the cells.regulation of cell death. It was shown that the metals ions concentrations.
АНАЛІЗ ВАРІАБЕЛЬНОСТІ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ СПОРТСМЕНІВ ВИСОКОЇ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАЦІОНАРНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors: Korobeynikov G. V. , Korobeynikova L. G. , Mischenko V. S.
Published: September 2016

The heart rate variability during non stationary processes in athletes was studied. The 29 elite athletes were examined. The parameters of scattergram for analysis of non stationnary processes of heart rate regulation were used. The results are shows about of tendency for decrease of periodic and non periodic variations of cardiac intervals depending from characters of reaction of heart rate. The obtained result showed the aging increasing of tension of autonomic regulation of heart rate of athletes as fatigue or non adequate performance.
ПОДХОД К СТРУКТУРИРОВАНИЮ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ В ВИДЕ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ СПИСКОВ
Authors: Kostra V. V.
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with information about create lexical lists for medical vocabulary.
КЛАСИФІКАТОРИ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Lopin E. B.
Published: September 2016

As a result of this study a discrepancy of classifiers with existing nation-wide normative documents used in the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been revealed. The change to the used classifiers and propositions to new ones has been presented.
РОЗРОБКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МЕДИЧНОЇ (ФІЗИЧНОЇ) РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ
Authors: Martsenyuk V. P. , Vakulenko D. V. , Selskyj P. R.
Published: September 2016

There was developed a strategy of information technology optimization process of physical rehabilitation, aimed at early detection of disease, acceleration and maximum recovery, compensation for lost functions, patients' return to society and socially useful work.
СТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ОНТОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Prykhodnyuk V. V.
Published: September 2016

This article describes methodology of structuring of medical information, which than can be used to create ontologies. Structuring is possible for unstructured (natural-language texts) or ill-structured (large sets of non-consistent tables) information.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ТРУДОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛЮДИНИ В УМОВАХ ВПЛИВУ ВІКОВОЇ ІНВОЛЮЦІЇ
Authors: Kharkovlyuk-Balakina N. V. , Gorgo Yu. P.
Published: September 2016

Implementation of the proposed scheme of person's employment rights optimization under the impact of age involution will help solving the problem of prevention of accelerated professional aging of man.
ТЕХНІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ МОДИФІКАЦІЇ ПЕРВИННОГО ЗОБРАЖЕННЯ НЕЗАБАРВЛЕНИХ ЕРИТРОЦИТІВ З МЕТОЮ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ СТРУКТУРНИХ КОМПОНЕНТІВ ЕРИТРОНУ
Authors: Yatsenko О. V.
Published: September 2016

The algorithm of blood cells primary image modification was described that obtained on microscopy of blood smears colored in standard clinical laboratory. Proposed algorithm provides a modified final image of the studied ERYTHRON components whose image identical morphological characteristics of these cells according to electron microscopy. This not only significantly reduce the cost of analysis, but also make an opportunity to obtain further information about the nature deformability of this cell trough usage of inverted images.
A eternidade e o desejo: lembrar, ver, dizer
Authors: Franz Marcelo
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisa o romance A Eternidade e o Desejo, de Inês Pedrosa (2008) buscando compreender os significados do lembrar, do ver e do dizer na reflexão da protagonista Clara. Na condição de cega, em sua peregrinação por lugares do Brasil, Clara revisita os lugares outrora frequentados por António Vieira. Ao mesmo tempo, esse périplo ritualiza em sua memória a leitura dos textos do padre Português cujos conteúdos lhe representam iluminação e entendimento que superam os limites de sua deficiência. A força do “dizer” vieiriano a leva a refletir sobre os poderes da palavra enquanto expressão do corpo, compreendido fenomenologicamente. Embasam nossa análise as percepções sobre o ver e o dizer presentes na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty.
O homem romântico: o homem psicanalítico
Authors: Guimaraes Ana Rosa Gonçalves De Paula , Próchno Caio César Souza Camargo
Published: September 2016

Este estudo objetiva propor uma leitura do movimento romântico alemão, pertencente ao final do século XVIII até meados do século XIX, tendo em vista sua possível influência na possibilidade prática e teórica para concepção de homem e funcionamento mental percorridos pela psicanálise. Para isso, partiu-se da apresentação dos principais elementos constituintes do Romantismo, a fim de fundamentar a investigação do diálogo com a psicanálise, no diz respeito às atividades mentais inconscientes, a importância da experiência emocional, a singularidade subjetiva, aos dualismos da realidade psíquica e do método de trabalho psicanalítico, que busca o movimento de tolerância dos paradoxos.
“O beijo da palavrinha”, de Mia Couto: uma ponte entre literatura e bioética
Authors: Combinato Denise Stefanoni
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise bioética do conto “O beijo da  palavrinha”, de Mia Couto, numa tentativa de aproximar Bioética e Literatura, a fim de promover uma reflexão sobre a morte e os cuidados no final da vida. A análise fundamenta-se na Psicologia histórico-cultural e em dois referenciais da Bioética: vulnerabilidade e solidariedade. Assim como se apresenta no conto a possibilidade de conhecer e sentir o mar mesmo na sua ausência, a expectativa desse texto é incentivar o acesso ao conhecimento, a elaboração de sentimentos e o desenvolvimento humano através da Literatura.
Figurações da AIDS em As iniciais, de Bernardo Carvalho
Authors: Magri Milena Mulatti
Published: September 2016

A AIDS é um tema frequentemente abordado pela obra de Bernardo Carvalho. Em seu romance As iniciais, procuramos identificar as descrições e as várias metáforas presentes no livro que apontam para a presença da doença. Diante de uma situação de forte abalo físico e emocional, como a confirmação de uma doença grave, a metáfora se apresenta, no romance, como um meio viável para a verbalização de uma experiência incomunicável e incompreensível.
Ado(l)e(s)cer: enfermidade, memória e identidade nas narrativas juvenis Treze anos de Branca (1994) e o Tempo das surpresas (2007)
Authors: Carrijo Silvana Augusta Barbosa , Ceccantini João Luís Cardoso Tápias
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho compreende a análise dos aspectos temáticos e procedimentos formais, dos aspectos temáticos e procedimentos formais de escrita das narrativas juvenis Treze anos de Branca (1994), do escritor galego Agustín Férnandez Paz, e O tempo das surpresas (2007), do brasileiro Caio Riter. Os protagonistas adolescentes de tais narrativas, acometidos por enfermidades graves, encetam, durante o período de tratamento, um mergulho na própria subjetividade, por via da rememoração de um passado que, analisado à luz das circunstâncias do presente, evidencia o caráter cambiante de suas identidades. As duas obras, representativas da qualidade estética do subsistema literário juvenil, põem em relevo o diálogo entre literatura e medicina.
Efeitos da narrativa na vivência transexual: a história de Susan Grey
Authors: Piccardi Tatiana
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho visa promover a reflexão sobre subjetividade, identidade, narrativa e ato de fala por meio do diálogo com uma história incomum: a trajetória de uma transexual que decidiu afirmar sua identidade feminina e transformar sua angústia em narrativa. Propomos que a narrativa de si pode ser entendida como ato de fala específico, que afeta, de modo particular, o sujeito que enuncia e, neste caso, promove construção da identidade e alívio para o sofrimento. A abordagem teórica adotada para análise discursiva é a pragmática originada em Austin (1975), combinada com debates recentes sobre identidade e reflexões sobre as relações entre linguagem, literatura, narrativa e saúde, promovidas pelo GENAM (Grupo de Estudos em Narrativa Médica -FFLCH/USP, São Paulo, Brasil).
Laboratório de humanidades: percurso estético literário como dinâmica humanizadora na saúde
Authors: Sakamoto Jacqueline Izumi , Gallian Dante Marcello Claramonte
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho integra o Projeto de Pesquisa Regular FAPESP As Patologias da Modernidade e os Remédios das Humanidades: investigação e experimentação e tem como objetivo apresentar o papel das Humanidades como caminho de humanização efetiva no âmbito da saúde partindo de uma experiência educacional concreta: o Laboratório de Humanidades, em especial, em seu percurso estético literário compreendido com base no referencial teórico de Mikhail Bakhtin, na dinâmica entre fruição de obras literárias e repertório filosófico conjugados.
Uma leitura de Os Paraísos Artificiais, de Charles Baudelaire sob a ótica da psicofarmacologia
Authors: Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene , Mariz Saulo Rios
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho objetiva analisar, sob a ótica da psicofarmacologia, a perspectiva baudeleriana do estágio biopsicossocial alcançado com o uso de drogas. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma leitura de Os Paraísos Artificiais. Enfoca-se a necessidade humana de uma eterna busca por um prazer obtido somente nesse estado de transcendência, segundo o poeta. Assim, Baudelaire discorre sobre os tais paraísos artificiais químicos ou não, argumentando que eles são necessários para a criação poética e, sobretudo, para estimular o imaginário. Conclui-se com reflexões sobre a leitura de textos literários como estratégia para a prevenção ao uso indevido de drogas e à farmacodependência.
A doença na literatura infanto-juvenil – análise de quatro obras contemporâneas
Authors: Silveira Rosa Maria Hessel , Silveira Bruna Rocha
Published: September 2016

Na sociedade ocidental contemporânea, a doença habita o rol de temas proibidos socialmente. O tema se apresenta como um tabu em função dos sentidos que atribuímos às doenças e aos doentes. Focalizando a literatura infanto-juvenil perguntamo-nos como as doenças apareceriam em tal literatura. Nesse trabalho nos debruçamos sobre essa temática, analisando quatro obras literárias infantojuvenis disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, que trazem a doença como fio condutor da narrativa. Para tanto, contextualizamos a análise a partir da doença e suas metáforas, da literatura e da presença da temática da doença em tal literatura.
Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas: do phármakon à escrita, o jogo, a verdade
Authors: Chaves Teresinha Gema Lins Brandão , Chaves Mariana Lins e
Published: September 2016

Segundo o “defunto autor” de Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, o verdadeiro motivo de sua morte teria sido uma “ideia grandiosa e útil”, a invenção de um emplasto contra a melancolia. E ele sabe que fabricar um phármakon, relacionado a Thot, deus da escritura e da medicina, só é possível através do livro. Propomos neste ensaio, uma análise de Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas utilizando modelos médicos e farmacêuticos, ao mesmo tempo “alguns dos elementos da química utilizada por Derrida” em A farmácia de Platão.
Cuidado e Reconhecimento: categorias constitutivas do ser em uma via filosófica para o questionamento do suicídio através do campo da Narrativa e Medicina
Authors: Silva Rosely de Fátima , Gonzalez Vânia de Oliveira
Published: September 2016

A proposta deste artigo é analisar o suicídio enquanto um elemento do elenco de ações humanas e, como tal, fruto de deliberação e reconhecido como uma ação do espectro ético humano por meio das categorias do Cuidado – Sorge - heideggeriano e do Reconhecimento – anagnórisis – aristotélico, que são, em nossa visão, concomitantemente, hermenêuticas e ontológicas, e essenciais ao campo da Narrativa e Medicina. Além disso, através dessas categorias analisaremos o suicídio, enquanto fenômeno de cisão – ou não – do ser. Auxiliar-nos-ão neste exercício figuras paradigmáticas do herói grego, em particular, Ájax e Édipo, e as repercussões desses mitos em nossas concepções hodiernas sobre o suicídio.
“Seu corpo não lhe pertence”: ciência ficção, corpo e medicina
Authors: Barossi Luana
Published: September 2016

Este artigo propõe a leitura de alguns aspectos das obras A ilha do Doutor Moreau, de H. G. Wells e Never let me go, de Kazuo Ishiguro, considerando os processos de territorialização dos corpos outros pelo saber-poder da medicina.
Eu sou um outro: narrativa literária como forma de conhecimento
Authors: Carelli Fabiana Buitor
Published: September 2016

Em “O direito à literatura” (1a ed. 1988), o crítico literário brasileiro Antonio Candido defende que a literatura “é uma forma de conhecimento, inclusive como incorporação difusa ou inconsciente”, e que “é grande o poder humanizador desta construção, enquanto construção” (CANDIDO, 2011, p. 179, itálicos do autor). A visão do crítico, focando especificamente nos estudos literários, relaciona-se a alguns conceitos-chave da filosofia contemporânea, que privilegiam a hermenêutica como exercendo um papel central no processo de conhecimento humano. A partir dessas afirmações e defendendo, com Greenhalgh e Hurwitz, que “alguns episódios de doenças são marcos importantes nas narrativas de vida dos pacientes” (GREENHALGH, HURWITZ, 1999, p. 48, trad. livre) e que “os aspectos formais do texto carregam informações importantes a respeito do universo narrativo [do paciente], informações estas que não se encontram disponíveis no conteúdo do que é representado” (CHARON, 2006, p. 98, trad. livre), este artigo analisa duas narrativas literárias sobre doença (o conto “Paulo, de Graciliano Ramos, e o livro De profundis: valsa lenta, de José Cardoso Pires), em comparação com uma composição curta, escrita pelo jovem L. F., que morreu de um osteossarcoma aos 19 anos, para apontar um padrão relacionado à despersonalização do narrador ou à sua fragmentação em duas ou mais subjetividades, uma delas representativa da parte doente do corpo e/ou do eu. No limite, postula-se, com base na hermenêutica filosófica, o conceito de humanização narrativa.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Very Elderly Enrolled in a Prehospital Stroke Research Study
Authors: Sanossian Nerses , Apibunyopas Kathleen C. , Liebeskind David S. , Starkman Sidney , Burgos Adrian M. , Conwit Robin , Eckstein Marc , Pratt Frank , Stratton Sam , Hamilton Scott , Saver Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—

Greater numbers of individuals aged ≥80 years enjoy a high quality of life, yet historically stroke trials have excluded this population. We aimed to describe a population of very elderly successfully enrolled into an acute stroke trial and compare their characteristics and outcomes with the younger cohort.

Methods—

We analyzed consecutive patients enrolled <2 hours of symptom onset in a prehospital stroke treatment trial, the FAST-MAG clinical trial (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium). We gathered demographic, treatment, and outcome data for nonelderly (<80 years old), very elderly (≥80 years old), and extreme elderly (≥90 years old). We describe key differences in the population of elderly and the impact of their inclusion on the clinical trial.

Results—

Of 1700 participants in FAST-MAG, there were 1210 nonelderly, 490 very elderly, and 60 extreme elderly subjects. Very elderly stroke patients successfully enrolled in a research study were more likely to be women, white, and have an ischemic mechanism rather than an intracerebral hemorrhage. Although the very elderly had generally poorer outcomes, 4 in 10 were functionally independent at 90 days.

Conclusions—

Inclusion of the very elderly population in acute stroke clinical trials would both significantly increase study participation and generalizability of future acute stroke clinical trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
Formal Distributional Semantics: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Boleda Gemma , Herbelot Aurélie
Published: September 2016

Formal Semantics and Distributional Semantics are two very influential semantic frameworks in Computational Linguistics. Formal Semantics is based on a symbolic tradition and centered around the inferential properties of language. Distributional Semantics is statistical and data-driven, and focuses on aspects of meaning related to descriptive content. The two frameworks are complementary in their strengths, and this has motivated interest in combining them into an overarching semantic framework: a “Formal Distributional Semantics.” Given the fundamentally different natures of the two paradigms, however, building an integrative framework poses significant theoretical and engineering challenges. The present issue of Computational Linguistics advances the state of the art in Formal Distributional Semantics; this introductory article explains the motivation behind it and summarizes the contributions of previous work on the topic, providing the necessary background for the articles that follow.
Integrating Type Theory and Distributional Semantics: A Case Study on Adjective–Noun Compositions
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Van de Cruys Tim , Bride Antoine , Abrusán Márta
Published: September 2016

In this article, we explore an integration of a formal semantic approach to lexical meaning and an approach based on distributional methods. First, we outline a formal semantic theory that aims to combine the virtues of both formal and distributional frameworks. We then proceed to develop an algebraic interpretation of that formal semantic theory and show how at least two kinds of distributional models make this interpretation concrete. Focusing on the case of adjective–noun composition, we compare several distributional models with respect to the semantic information that a formal semantic theory would need, and we show how to integrate the information provided by distributional models back into the formal semantic framework.
Representing Meaning with a Combination of Logical and Distributional Models
Authors: Beltagy I. , Roller Stephen , Cheng Pengxiang , Erk Katrin , Mooney Raymond J.
Published: September 2016

NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single semantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic-based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of meaning. Distributional models give graded similarity ratings for words and phrases, but do not capture sentence structure in the same detail as logic-based approaches. It has therefore been argued that the two are complementary.

We adopt a hybrid approach that combines logical and distributional semantics using probabilistic logic, specifically Markov Logic Networks. In this article, we focus on the three components of a practical system:11) Logical representation focuses on representing the input problems in probabilistic logic; 2) knowledge base construction creates weighted inference rules by integrating distributional information with other sources; and 3) probabilistic inference involves solving the resulting MLN inference problems efficiently. To evaluate our approach, we use the task of textual entailment, which can utilize the strengths of both logic-based and distributional representations. In particular we focus on the SICK data set, where we achieve state-of-the-art results. We also release a lexical entailment data set of 10,213 rules extracted from the SICK data set, which is a valuable resource for evaluating lexical entailment systems.2
Determining a Newfound European Islam
Authors: Abbas Tahir
Published: September 2016

This article explores the implications of the Charlie Hebdo attacks for Muslims in Europe already experiencing a whole host of challenges in relation to the securitisation of integration, Islamophobia, and political and economic marginalisation. It is argued that while the incident appreciably dented the relationship between Muslims and the French state, the events have wider implications for Muslims across Western Europe regarding acceptance, tolerance and equality. It places pressures on both the Muslims in Western Europe, and the states in which they reside, to draw inwards, narrowing the terms of engagement, ultimately handing further powers to governments to legislate and police without always considering human rights or civil liberties. Simultaneously, Muslims, facing the brunt of exclusion in society in the current period, run the risk of entrenchment. Rather than interpreting these events as a separation of communities, the opportunities exist to engage in meaningful dialogue. It has the potential to promote humanist religious values, all the while participating in society within the limits of Islam, which remain relatively broad and inclusive for the vast majority of European Muslims. Alternatively, dominant societies run the danger of casting their nets wide, inducing Muslims to see integration and engagement as the least desirable option. This article suggests ways forward to empower the Muslim centre ground in order to push violent extremist elements further to the margins.
Satire and Religious Tolerance: How Acceptance/Rejection of Satire is Determined by the Capacity of Religious and Political Forces to Agree on a Modern Civic Contract
Authors: Piet Remi
Published: September 2016

The January 2015 assassination at the Charlie Hebdo offices and the dozen ensuing terrorist attacks in France over the last eighteen months are the manifestation of a structural opposition between a civic identity whose most controversial manifestation is political satire and a religious identity hijacked by radicals. This paper explains how political satire is deeply entrenched in French culture and how it has been used as a democratization and liberating tool by a society eager to counterbalance the existing religious establishment. Similarly, it then addresses satire in the Muslim world and underlines that, instead of being considered a tool of the weak against the powerful, it is perceived as a neo-colonial manifestation of an exogenously imposed political order that ostracizes the citizen from his legitimate religious belief. Instead of a liberating instrument, it is perceived as attacking the foundation of a religion that many see as their refuge against authoritarian elites. This paper then analyses the historical evolution of Islamic political activism. After highlighting the existence of satire and religious representation in Islam in some of its earliest societal orders, this paper argues that the Muslim community under the leadership of its Ulema has been fractured into a range of different scholastic interpretations of Islam resulting into different acceptation of liberal civic orders. The reaction towards Charlie Hebdo and the strong/weak condemning or silent/vocal approbation are representative of their contamination by radicalism. This paper finally demonstrates that the rejection of satire is symptomatic of the incomplete evolution of the state and the weakness of national and transnational institutions. Addressing the reforming of Muslim institutions in France itself, this paper argues that there is no incompatibility between Islam and a liberal republican order guaranteeing freedom of expression and satire.
The Contributions of European Jesuits to Environmental Sciences
Authors: Ignacio García S.J. José
Published: September 2016

Jesuit activity in the fields of the natural sciences manifest in the origins of the Society both as teachers and as missionaries. In particular, entomology, botany, meteorology, and geography attracted the attention of the early Jesuits. Always involved in scientific inquiry, the number of Jesuits today working in these fields has diminished tremendously. During the twentieth century though Jesuits established reputable institutions of agricultural education in both France and Spain. This article discusses the recent development of the discipline of ecology and other Jesuit contributions in the fields of agronomy, energy, economics, and social analysis.
Ready to Change the World? Start Here!: What Are Jesuits Doing in East Africa?
Authors: Strzok S.J. James
Published: September 2016

This article represents a case study of Jesuit activities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, specifically regarding sustainable practices, through a reflection of the author’s own itinerary. It highlights some of the opportunities that construction and infrastructure development offers for harnessing solar energy and utilizing eco-friendly methods, such as hydraform technology, bio-latrines as a means of methane gas production, solar energy, and especially geothermal energy as an abundant resource in Kenya’s Great Rift Valley. Additionally, the article outlines the crucial role of trees in ecosystems as a constructive means of responding to climate change based on the process of carbon capture, while illustrating tree planting as a service in an educational context. Particular focus is given to the sibling schools of St Peter Claver High School and Ocer Campion Jesuit College in Dodoma, the capital of Tanzania, which constitute a model of sorts exhibiting these best practices for the community.
One new species of the genus Acosmetura (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Hubei, China
Authors: WANG PING , BIAN XUN , SHI FU MING
Published: September 2016

One new species of the genus Acosmetura (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) is described, namely Acosmetura trigentis Wang, Bian & Shi sp. nov. from Hubei, China. In addition, morphological photographs and a distribution map are provided. The examined specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
The identity of the Carsidara species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Carsidaridae) associated with Firmiana simplex (Malvaceae) in Japan and Korea
Authors: CHO GEONHO , INOUE HIROMITSU , BURCKHARDT DANIEL , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: September 2016

The records of the jumping plant-lice previously published under Carsidara shikokuensis (Miyatake, 1981) from Japan and C. marginalis Walker, 1869 from Korea are critically reviewed. It is concluded that both refer to the same species that is associated with Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight (Malvaceae). Carsidara shikokuensis shows no relevant morphological differences to C. limbata (Enderlein, 1926), and the two are synonymised: Carsidara limbata (Enderlein, 1926) = Carsidara shikokuensis (Miyatake, 1981) syn. nov. A record of C. marginalis from Korea is a misidentification of C. limbata. The latter is diagnosed and illustrated and differences to the former are discussed. The immatures of C. limbata are free-living on the leaves of Firmiana simplex and particularly the older instars secrete large amounts of flocculent wax and honeydew. Information on its potential usage as biological control agent of invasive Firmiana simplex in North America is briefly discussed.
Sampling Error Damping Method for a Cloud-Resolving Model Using a Dual-Scale Neighboring Ensemble Approach
Authors: Aonashi Kazumasa , Okamoto Kozo , Tashima Tomoko , Kubota Takuji , Ito Kosuke
Published: September 2016

In ensemble-based assimilation schemes for cloud-resolving models (CRMs), the precipitation-related variables have serious sampling errors. The purpose of the present study is to examine the sampling error properties and the forecast error characteristics of the operational CRM of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMANHM) and to develop a sampling error damping method based on the CRM forecast error characteristics.

The CRM forecast error was analyzed for meteorological disturbance cases using 100-member ensemble forecasts of the JMANHM. The ensemble forecast perturbation correlation had a significant noise associated with the precipitation-related variables, because of sampling errors. The precipitation-related variables were likely to suffer this sampling error in most precipitating areas. An examination of the forecast error characteristics revealed that the CRM forecast error satisfied the assumption of the spectral localization, while the spatial localization with constant scales, or variable localization, were not applicable to the CRM.

A neighboring ensemble (NE) method was developed, which was based on the spectral localization that estimated the forecast error correlation at the target grid point, using ensemble members for neighboring grid points. To introduce this method into an ensemble-based variational assimilation scheme, the present study horizontally divided the NE forecast error into large-scale portions and deviations. As single observation assimilation experiments showed, this “dual-scale NE” method was more successful in damping the sampling error and generating plausible, deep vertical profile of precipitation analysis increments, compared to a simple spatial localization method or a variable localization method.
The Bible in Jewish–Christian Dialogue: A Jewish Perspective
Authors: Selvén Sebastian
Published: September 2016

This paper presents some of the important issues pertaining to the role of the (Hebrew) Bible in Jewish–Christian dialogue, some of the problems arising around it, and suggests some solutions to how Jews and Christians can share this corpus without forcing Christian readers to give up their unique perspective on the text or justifying reading practices in which Jews lose a full claim on the text.
Political Development and the Fragmentation of Protection Markets
Authors: Tajima Yuhki
Published: September 2016

Why do gangs proliferate during democratization and decline in number during authoritarian consolidation? I utilize primary evidence of two Indonesian gangs to inform a model of protection gangs under varying states of political development. Modeling gangs as territorial firms under different regulatory conditions, I attribute their number and political affiliation to the interaction between state capacity and political fragmentation. In weak states, gangs will lack political affiliations and their number will be determined by the scalability of their coercive capacities. In countries where states have the capacity to significantly constrain gangs, but lack significant costs for politicians to associate with them, gangs will seek political affiliation, trading coercive services for lax law enforcement. In such contexts, their number will be determined by state factionalization. Thus, gangs proliferate during democratization due to more political actors sharing state control. I assess the theory examining Indonesia’s history of statebuilding and political transition.
On Teaching Methods: The Personal Experiences of Teachers of English
Authors: Kong Melinda L.F.
Published: September 2016

With the globalization and internationalization of education, many teachers from Asian countries pursue their professional development in English-speaking settings. However, there seems to be scarce research on these teachers’ expectations, lived experiences and identities in these contexts, and how their personal experiences influence their views and teaching when they return to their home countries. Using interviews and email correspondences, the current article examines the perceptions and personal experiences of three teachers of English (from Vietnam, China and Taiwan) who studied in Australia. Among others, findings suggest that the participants negotiated their expectations, lived experiences and sense of identity in different ways regardless of the degree to which their experiences in Australia matched their expectations. As teachers of English, they were constantly reflecting on the suitability of applying the teaching methods learned in their local teaching contexts. When they returned to their home countries, all of them found it useful to share their personal experiences of living and studying abroad with their students. Their strategic and practical application of what they had learned and/or experienced in Australia assisted them in having new options in dealing with teaching and learning issues in their home countries. This article hopes to shed light on aspects that may influence the growth of teachers of English.
Powering sub-Saharan Africa’s urban revolution: An energy transitions approach
Authors: Silver Jonathan , Marvin Simon
Published: September 2016

This paper develops a geographic understanding of urban energy transitions in sub-Saharan African towns and cities. In doing so this paper seeks to critically reflect on the value and limits of urban transitions analysis as a framework for understanding energy networks beyond the largely integrated systems across the Global North. We explore how these potentials and deficits can be addressed by examining promising developments across a series of debates in urban studies that can help sensitise this approach to energyscapes in the African context. By reviewing urban transitions analysis through these debates the paper offers four important contributions to expand existing ways of understanding energy transition. These include the particular urbanisation dynamics of African towns ands cities, the need to locate the urban across energy regimes, the agencies of various intermediaries and urban actors and the contested politics inherent in the governing of energy networks. In the conclusion we reflect on the specific directions that have emerged from the paper in relation to our contributions, offering a geographically informed framework that allows us to better examine the challenges and specificities of transition across these rapidly growing urban regions.
Local house prices, parental background and young adults’ homeownership in England and Wales
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: September 2016

Financial constraints are thought to be making parental support an increasingly influential factor in the homeownership transitions of young Britons. This could inhibit social mobility, exacerbate the intergenerational transmission of wealth and deepen housing inequality. Although research shows that parental socio-economic advantage is associated with filial homeownership, less is known about whether these relationships are particularly pronounced in expensive housing markets where access to homeownership is often more constrained. This study tests this hypothesis by enriching the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England and Wales with data on local transactional house prices. Multilevel models indicate that disparities in the odds of homeownership between young adults with more and less socio-economically advantaged parents tend to deepen with increasing house prices. This pattern is most noticeable for women. However, parents and prices only intersect to greatly stratify the probability of homeownership when young adults’ circumstances are otherwise conducive to owning.
Regeneration and networks in the Arts District (Los Angeles): Rethinking governance models in the production of urbanity
Authors: Darchen Sébastien
Published: September 2016

This article analyses the governance arrangements underlying the regeneration process of a central area in Los Angeles from the 1970s until now. The Arts District is emblematic of this rising interest from developers in central places that were just 45 years ago either ‘no man’s land’ or illegally occupied by artists. The analysis applies three main governance models that have been used in contemporary research to explain urban regeneration processes – Private type; Bottom-up; and Consensus-building – to look at the following research question: Are these models sufficient to characterise regeneration processes in the network society context? Data for the analysis were collected through semi-structured interviews with social actors as well as from policy documents related to adaptive re-use. The main finding is that the governance arrangements during the main phase of the regeneration of the area do not fit with the governance models utilised for the analysis. A group of new entrepreneurs are active in re(scaling) processes: they use ‘spaceless’ interactions – professional networks at the national scale – to influence the evolution of the area. The ANT framework is used to analyse why and how these networks play in the regeneration process. The innovative regeneration process is like a ‘translation’ process where professional networks play an important role in ‘enrolling actors’ but also in ‘circulating the translation’, thus establishing this regeneration model at the national scale in America.
Microsimulation Modeling of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Orenstein Peggy Vadillo , Shi Lu
Published: September 2016

We use microsimulation to forecast changes in coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults 45 or above over a 20-year time horizon in Los Angeles County (N = 3.4 million), a county with 12 635 CHD deaths in 2010. We simulate individuals’ life course and calibrate CHD trends to observed trends in the past. Using the Health Forecasting Community Health Simulation Model, we simulate CHD prevalence and CHD mortality in 2 CHD prevention scenarios: (1) “comprehensive hypertension intervention” and (2) “gradual reduction of the average adult body mass index back to the year 2000 level.” We use microsimulation methodology so that nonprofit hospitals can easily use our model to forecast intervention results in their specific hospital catchment area. Our baseline model (without intervention) forecasts an increase in CHD prevalence that will reach 13.01% among those 45+ in Los Angeles County in 2030. Under scenario 1, the increase in CHD prevalence is slower (12.47% in 2030), and the prevalence in scenario 2 reaches 12.83% in 2030. The baseline scenario projects a number of 21 300 CHD deaths in 2030, whereas there will be 20 070 CHD deaths under scenario 1 and 20 970 CHD deaths under scenario 2. At the population level, the CHD mortality outcome, as compared with the metric of CHD prevalence, might be more sensitive to preventive lifestyle interventions. Both CHD prevalence and CHD mortality might be more sensitive to the hypertension intervention than to the obesity reduction in the time horizon of 20 years.