bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of a Web-based Decision Tool on Post-operative Use of Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Baxi Shrujal S ,   Head and Neck Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US, Kurtzman Rachel ,   Head and Neck Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US, Eaton Anne ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US, Dewey Eliza ,   The THANC Foundation, PO Box 1021, New York, New York, US, Bickford Craig ,   The THANC Foundation, PO Box 1021, New York, New York, US, Fish Stephanie ,   Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US, Wartofsky Leonard ,   Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, US, Tuttle R Michael ,   Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, US
Published: April 2017

Background: The Thyroid Cancer Care Collaborative developed a web-based clinical decision-making module (CDMM) to inform riskadjusted decisions on post-thyroidectomy radioactive iodine (RAI) use in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: In a pilot study, we evaluated the CDMM in 19 PTC cases representing low- (five), intermediate- (seven) and high-risk (seven) disease. Two PTC experts and 10 PTC physicians reviewed cases and assigned risk level and RAI recommendation. The experts used a standard approach while the others used the CDMM. We assessed agreement between responses using a weighted Kappa. Results: Between experts, risk-assignment was concordant in 100%, 57% and 86% of low-, intermediate- and high-risk cases, respectively. Between CDMM users, risk-assignment was concordant in 100%, 29% and 14% in low-, intermediate- and high-risk cases, respectively (p=0.01). CDMM-assigned risk agreed with the expert-assigned risk in 100%, 25% and 0% of low-, intermediate- and high-risk cases, respectively (Kappa=0.69). For RAI use, the experts agreed in 15 cases while CDMM users agreed in eight. On further analysis, interpretation of extrathyroidal extension and lymph node staging led to discrepancies with the CDMM. Conclusions
Comparison of use of restrictive episiotomy versus routine episiotomy in primigravidae undergoing vaginal birth at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Venus Deshwal , S. Rao P. , Prajwal S.
Published: April 2017

Background: Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vaginal orifice by an incision on the perineum during the last part of the second stage of labour or delivery. Episiotomy, incision of the perineum at the time of vaginal childbirth, is a common surgical procedure experienced by women. This study is done to compare use of restrictive episiotomy and routine episiotomy in primigravidae undergoing vaginal birth.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study designed to analyse the outcome of the restrictive use of episiotomy in comparison to routine use of episiotomy. Total 100 primigravidae women reporting to labour room in spontaneous labour/induction of labour were included and two cohorts were formed. Both the cohorts were evaluated during labour, immediate postpartum period and first postnatal day and data was tabulated and analysed.Results: Vaginal and paraurethral tears were noted in 14% primigravidae in the routine episiotomy group and 22.22% in the restrictive episiotomy group with no statistically significant association. Number of cases sustaining perineal tear in restrictive group was 15.55% and extension of episiotomy in the routine group was 26% with no statistically significant association. Requirement of suturing was far less in restrictive group (20%) as compared to routine group (100%), as 64.45% of the patients in restrictive group delivered with an intact perineum. The restrictive use of episiotomy does not prolong the second stage of labour and has requirement of significantly less pain relief compared to the routine group. Complication rate was higher in the routine group and perineal laceration and pain severity, was less in restrictive episiotomy group. However, neonatal complications were similar in the two groups.Conclusions: This study identified fair to good evidence suggesting that immediate outcomes following routine use of episiotomy are no better than those of restrictive use. Indeed, routine use is harmful to the degree that some proportion of women who would have had lesser injury instead had a surgical incision.
Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis presenting as a pseudotumor of the ovary: a clinical dilemma
Authors: Jindal Dweep , Mankad Meeta H. , Dave Pariseema S. , Kamath Anusha A.
Published: April 2017

Background: Inflammatory Pseudotumor of ovary is a distinct benign entity characterized by the presence of spindle cells mixed with variable amount of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Female genital tract is an unusual location for xanthogranulomatous inflammation and if present usually involves the endometrium. xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is rare and only a handful of cases have been reported.Methods: At The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad; a Regional Cancer Centre we came across two cases of Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis, a rare clinical condition. In view of the rarity of the clinical entity, the cases are summarized and discussed.Results: Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is a rare clinical entity with very few reported cases. Its pathogenesis involves chronic inflammatory process of unknown origin. Pre-operative diagnosis has been challenging due to non-specific presenting symptoms and radiological imaging. Characteristic microscopic picture includes presence of well-differentiated spindle cells with variable amount of collagenous stroma and presence of inflammatory changes. Immunohistochemistry performed at our institute was found to be positive for CD 68, Vimentin and S-100 for xanthogranulomatous oophoritis.Conclusions: Data from radiological imaging for extra genital xanthogranulomatous inflammation is being extrapolated to determine a pre-operative diagnosis for xanthogranulomatous oophoritis of the genital tract. However, no pathognomic radiological findings are defined at present making histopathological diagnosis the mainstay for diagnosis of this condition. Immunohistochemistry panel markers play a helpful role in the diagnosis when in doubt. Surgery is the definitive mode of treatment providing a good prognosis post operatively.
PCOS: a raising problem; due to recent trends
Authors: Selvi Arumuga Nainar Anitha Thamarai , Loganathan Malarvizhi
Published: April 2017

Background: Polycystic ovaries with its symptom complexes (PCOS) constitute about 30% of the cases seen every day in patients coming for scan in our hospital. Since PCOS is associated with various long-term complications it is important to analyze is its incidence and its cause for the increase.Methods: The study included 600 women who came for USG for various complaints who had USG features of PCO. Their symptoms, marital and obstetric history was recorded their general appearance and BMI were also recorded and analysed. Their food pattern and physical activity was also elicited.Results: PCO was a finding in around 24% of unwed teenage girls. PCO affected both obese (21.4%) and non-obese (56.2%) women. The complaints for which they come were mainly menstrual disturbances and primary (28.8%) infertility and secondary (22.6%) infertility.Conclusions: Early identification of PCO is essential and its treatment will prevent various long-term complications of it in the future generation.
To estimate the incidence, etiology and risk factors of wound infections in women who undergoes cesarean section at Kilpauk Medical College Hospital: a prospective study
Authors: Subramani Jayalakshmi , Perumal Devika
Published: April 2017

Background: Wound infections following caesarean section (or) gynaecologic surgery is a common complication that accounts for significant extension of hospital stays.Methods: This is a prospective analytical study, conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, kilpauk medical college, Chennai from Januray 2013 to November 2013. All cases who underwent ceaserean section were included in the study. Analysis was done in the form of percentages and proportions and represented as tables where necessary.Results: A total of 700 cases were analysed. The incidence of wound infections after caesarean section in this study was 8.14%. Study confirms that risk factors like anemia, chorioamnionitis; PROM, obstructed labour, preeclampsia, increased surgical time, increase BMI poses risk for wound complications. Whereas chorioamnionitis (66%) and obstructed labour (66%) showed increased risk for wound complications.Conclusions: Correcting malnutrion, anemia, stabilizing diabetes and eradicating all infection such as urinary tract infection, proper preparation of skin, proper surgeons scrubbing and using proper surgical technique can decrease the risk of postoperative wound infection.
An aggressive case of sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of thyroid: a case report
Authors: Eason James R. , Allison Robert
Published: April 2017

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid thyroid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid is a rare disease with approximately 50 cases reported worldwide. We describe SMECE of the thyroid affecting a 44 year old female and the first reported case of SMECE of thyroid in New Zealand. This case is of interest as the disease course was particularly aggressive with uncommon immunohistology. Our patient presented with a 4 month history of a painless swelling in her right upper neck. CT revealed a diffusely enlarged thyroid with infiltration of the trachea. A total thyroidectomy, tracheal resection and bilateral neck dissection was performed. Histology showed nests and cords of moderately sized epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli, with focal glands and tubules. Immunohistology was performed. CK14 and epithelial membrane antigen staining was focally positive. The patient went on to receive chemo-radiotherapy. A CT scan later revealed metastasis to her lungs. She died 7 months from her diagnosis. Our case provides an example of aggressive SMECE of thyroid.
Red cell alloimmunization in repeatedly transfused children with beta thalassemia major
Authors: Jeengar Ravi Kumar , Upadhyaya Alok , Agarwal Neha , Mehta Amarjeet
Published: April 2017

Background: The development of anti-red blood cell alloantibodies remains a major problem in thalassemia major patients. We studied the frequency of red blood cell (RBC) allo-immunization among Beta thalassemia major patients who received regular transfusions at our center and analyzed the factors, which may be responsible for development of these antibodies.Methods:An observational study was conducted in department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur. A total of 150 patients of Beta Thalassemia major who already received multiple transfusions were randomly selected and screening of Red Cell Alloantibodies was done by using SPRCA (solid phase red cell adhesion) method during May 2015 to April 2016. Statistical analysis was done using computer software (SPSS version 20 and primer). The qualitative data were expressed in proportion and percentages and the quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviations. The difference in proportion was analysed by using chi-square test and the difference in means were analysed by using student t- Test. Significance level for tests were determined as 95% (P <0.05).Results: Total 150 cases were included. Male female ratio was 1.63:1, 10 cases (6.67%) were positive for alloantibodies. Among these 10 positive cases, 2 had positive family history and 3 had history of splenectomy. In allo-immunised cases mean age, mean age at first transfusion and total number of transfusions were significantly higher in comparison to non-allo-immunized cases.Conclusions:If patient has red cell alloantibody on regular interval screening then the antibody identification should be performed and corresponding antigen negative blood transfusion is strongly recommended in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients.
Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Sood Reena , Narang Gursharan Singh , Brar Harnoorjit Kaur , Bagga Amanjeet Kaur
Published: April 2017

Background: Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in newborns with estimated incidence of 1-2% of all newborns. Although a self-limiting transient condition but it may cause severe morbidities. This study was conducted to find association of serum vitamin D levels in neonates who develop TTN as compared to normal healthy neonates.Methods: With thorough history with structured questionnaire and lab tests, serum vitamin D levels of 45 neonates who develop TTN were compared with 56 healthy neonates in control group.Results: Out of 45 neonates who develop TTN 39(86.7%) were deficient in vitamin D as compared to control group where 33(58.9%) out of 56 healthy neonates were deficient in vitamin D.Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels at birth in term neonates is associated with increased risk of developing TTN and vitamin D may have a role in its pathogenesis.
To study the impact of glycemic control over cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetics patients using bedside tests at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Anjum Sumaiya , K. Suresh
Published: April 2017

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy a serious complication of diabetes and is often overlooked. It is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and poor quality of life in diabetic individuals. The Glycemic control has been well established as the risk factor for all the diabetes related microvascular and macrovascular complications. This stresses importance of role of glycemic control over CAN in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics in order to stop further progression to advanced and irreversible stages. The objective was to study the impact of various demographic and other clinical factors over prevalence of CAN in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who are asymptomatic for CAN using bedside testsMethods: A case control comparative clinical study was undertaken comprising of 100 diabetic patients, both type 1 and type 2 with duration from 5-10 years and >10 years. The tests which were performed are deep breathing test, heart rate response to standing, hand grip test, cold pressor test, BP response to standing. Depending on these tests, patients were categorised as patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Results: The prevalence of cardiac dysautonomia was 68%. Type 2 diabetics had higher prevalence of cardiac dysautonomia than type 1 diabetics (p=0.025). Significant correlation was observed between cardiac autonomic neuropathy and poor glycemic status (type 1 p<0.001; type 2 p<0.001). The mean HbA1c in patients with and without CAN in type 1DM was 9.16+0.81 and 7.21+0.56 and in type 2 DM was 9.15+1.72 and 7.15+0.53 respectively. Similarly, presence of other microvascular complications increased the prevalence of CAN in both types of diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication in long standing diabetes. Present results suggest that glycemic status of the diabetics is undoubtedly an important factor for the onset of cardiac dysautonomia which in turn account for high prevalence of cardiac mortality in diabetic patients. All asymptomatic diabetic patients should be evaluated for the presence of autonomic neuropathy and glycemic status should be controlled to prevent the further progression of CAN.
Impact of adverse drug reaction of first line anti - tuberculous drugs on treatment outcome of tuberculosis under revised national tuberculosis control programme
Authors: Dedun Amit R. , Borisagar Ghanshyam B. , Solanki Rajesh N.
Published: April 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the major health care burden responsible for morbidity and mortality. The objective was to study the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and its outcome.Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in one of the RNTCP centre of Ahmedabad district. All TB patients visiting and taking short course of directly observed treatment (DOTS) were enrolled and monitored for ADRs. All the ADRs spontaneously reported or identified by the researcher were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total 974 patients screened during the study period 72 (7.79%) developed ADRs. Significantly higher occurrence of ADRs were in age group of 31- 40 years (p<0.01). Out of these 72 patients, 49 (68%) were having pulmonary TB. No statistically significant association was found between gender of patient, site of TB and occurrence of ADRs (p>0.05). Occurrence of ADRs was significantly more (p<0.05) in patients of category I TB (31, 43%). Out of the 49 (68%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients who developed ADR, 32 patients (44%) were sputum positive showing significant association (p<0.05). Gastro-intestinal side effects were most common ADRs followed by giddiness and headache. Nine patients required complete stoppage of offending agent, while 2 patients require treatment interruption and most of the patients (61) were managed with supportive medication without removing anti tubercular drug from their treatment regimen. Out of these 72 patients, majority (56) declared cured at the end of treatment.Conclusions: ADRs are major factor limiting completion of drug therapy under RNTCP and occurrence of drug resistance which requires attention of all health care professionals.
Becoming critical: A challenge for the Global Learning Programme?
Authors: Huckle John
Published: April 2017

The Global Learning Programme in England employs a new form of networked governance to deliver education for sustainable development in schools. This article focuses on Biccum's claim that such programmes serve to sustain the prevailing neo-liberal hegemony by further marginalizing
critical voices such as those drawing on Marxist and post-structuralist theories. After introducing the GLP, Biccum's argument, and indicators of the neo-liberalization of education for sustainable development, it examines the potential of these two theories to inform critical pedagogy. It
then evaluates the GLP's core guidance, assessing the extent to which it reflects the indicators and whether it is likely to promote such pedagogy. It concludes by outlining some research questions.
Caracterização bioquímica de isolados bacterianos de solo de cultivo de videira (Vitis sp.)
Authors: Alchieri Moara Schirley , Gelinski Jane Mary Lafayette Neves , Minotto Elisandra
Published: April 2017

A viticultura é uma atividade importante para a sustentabilidade da pequena propriedade no Brasil, produzindo uvas de mesa e para o processamento. Nesse sentido, realizou-se um estudo biosprospectivo para avaliar a diversidade da microbiota de solos utilizados no cultivo da videira. Foram coletadas amostras de solo de cultivares de municípios da zona rural do Meio-Oeste de Santa Catarina. Foram obtidos 21 isolados bacterianos. A identificação bioquímica revelou que 88,88% dos isolados gram-negativas foram da espécie Shigella dysenteriae soro grupo A e 11,11% da espécie Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. Em relação ao perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos, 100% dos isolados foram sensíveis a três dos antibióticos (Gentamicina, Pipemídico e Cloranfenicol), mas 100% dos isolados foram resistentes aos antibióticos Ceftazidina e Aztreonam. Para as gram-positivas foram identificadas as espécies Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, Corynebacterium xerosis e C. pseudodiphtheriticum. Em ambos os grupos observaram-se características de importância para a seleção de micro-organismos com potencial para a disponibilização de nutrientes no solo, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de plantas, destacando-se as espécies P. oryzihabitans e B. megaterium. Considera-se que a caracterização desses micro-organismos contribui para a avaliação da diversidade da microbiota do solo, bem como para a definição de uso desses micro-organismos em outros estudos de interesse biotecnológico.Palavras-chave: Uva. Biodiversidade. Biotecnologia. Agricultura.
Promoting Multilingual Communicative Competence for the Labor Market
Authors: Alaoui Sadik Madani
Published: April 2017

Over the past decades, globalization has been completely changing the context of the labor market such that the importance of learning languages as a means of cultural understanding cannot be ignored. As a result, employers look for people who have experience from different countries and have shown that they are able to adapt to different languages and cultures. The issue of learning languages and developing intercultural competence stands at the heart of human experience, reflecting not only cultures but also providing a key to better understanding them. The paper supports the promotion of a dialogue among various partners, educators and decision-makers as a good way to respond to the challenges associated with the development of language skills for the job market. Seen from an employment perspective, promoting multilingual communicative competence for the labor market is currently regarded as a means to an end. This paper examines ways to sharpen the focus on employability promotion in the Moroccan ENSAM School of Engineering. Moroccan would-be engineers will be shown to increase their chances of finding jobs, not only nationally but also internationally through greater multilingual competence.
Leadership Styles in the Maintenance Industry of UAE: A Focus Group Analysis
Authors: Naeem Hummayoun , Azam Muhammad Farooq
Published: April 2017

The primary objective of this qualitative research is to identify and study various leadership styles in the maintenance industry of UAE. The researcher used focus group as a method of data collection. 8 senior officers from the various reputed maintenance companies were invited for the deliberation on the leadership styles being practiced in the various management hierarchies of such companies. The researcher also investigated success level of various leadership styles in terms of employee motivation and moral. The researcher guided the Focus Group Members discussion around these areas, took notes, and finally complied all the views in a report format. Study revealed that Top level management practicing autocratic style of leadership that is not yielding the desired results of higher motivation level and subordinates are also not really happy with it. Targets and being achieved but corporate citizenship feel is missing in the subordinates. Middle level management is practicing almost all types of leadership styles but team leadership is most commonly used by middle level management, subordinates are generally happy with it. Lower level management using autocratic leadership style in order to control the field staff; however field staff never felt happy with it as they feel bad when always engineers / supervisors imposing their decisions on them and being the work floor workers, their suggestions are not taken care of.
Competencias Del Alumnado Formado En La Escuela De Formación De Profesorado: Una Investigación Reflexiva En El Contexto De Formación Inicial Docente
Authors: Da Silva Maria Do Céu Pereira Antunes , Marín José Antonio Marín , Artacho Esther Garzón
Published: April 2017

This work was supported by the teaching practice. In it, we try to reflect on the output profile of the graduate student Teacher Training College. The article presented here includes a summary of the relevant aspects collected from a descriptive study, by applying a questionnaire to the student trainees. We conducted interviews with the governing body and some teachers. In order to talk about the profile it was necessary to analyse carefully the beliefs, opinions and performance of teaching, based on the following issue: will the students trained in Teacher Training College have an ideal output profile capable of exercise with pedagogical mastery the teaching profession? We have formulated the following general and specific objectives. General: To reflect on the output profile and the needs of the training offer that graduate students from T.T.C receive in terms of quality, skills, adaptation, and the different requirements on the models required by the Ministry of Education.
Gilda em Curitiba: o corpo transgressor invade a cidade
Authors: Marzani Caroline , Nascimento Naira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende discutir as relações entre corpo, cidade e sexualidade (SANTAELLA, 2004; HISSA & NOGUEIRA, 2013), a partir das interferências da travesti Gilda, em Curitiba, nas décadas de 70 e 80, e que, por sua vez, deram origem a vários movimentos artísticos, na música, no teatro e no cinema. Para subsidiar as interpretações em relação à Modernidade, PósModernidade e cidade, enquanto espaço-tempo do trânsito dos corpos, foram emprestadas as reflexões de Baudelaire, Benjamin, Canclini e Sarlo.
Recortes e(m) análise: no movimento da narratividade cinematográfica
Authors: Salles Atilio Catosso , Costa Greciely Cristina
Published: April 2017

Como objetivo, numa posição discursiva, a partir do funcionamento do que temos chamado de uma política do olhar ideológico (XAVIER, 1977), busca-se compreender como se dão os efeitos de narratividade na base material da imagem. O corpus é constituído por recortes de imagens do documentário Território Vermelho de Kiko Goifman (2004) e, é, a partir do movimento destas imagens/recortes, na torção delas, pelo efeito de edição, que traçamos apontamentos sobre o modo como a cidade é discursivizada em uma narrativa fílmica. Neste jogo entre os efeitos da montagem e a cidade, temos os deslizamentos de sentidos que abrem o ‘sinal’ do semáforo para sujeitos da/na cidade se significarem em um território de existência, por seus diferentes modos, seja pelo lugar do silêncio e seus efeitos, ainda que aparentemente excluídos, sujeitos estão a significar, reclamando interpretação.
Glaciação antiga no Brasil: parques geológicos do Varvito e da Rocha Moutonnée nos municípios de Itu e Salto, SP
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: April 2017

O Parque Geológico do Varvito, em Itu, e seu equivalente em Salto, o Parque da Rocha Moutonnée, são exemplos de investimento público decisivo para difundir conhecimentos sobre a história geológica regional. O Parque do Varvito atende a mais de 60.000 visitantes por ano. Os geossítios contribuem para se construa visão mais consistente da glaciação que afetou Gondwana, há cerca de 300 milhões de anos, denominada Era Glacial do Paleozoico Superior, EGPS. Ambos recuperam muito do que se perdeu do registro original, desde que os primeiros cientistas estiveram em Salto, em 1946, e identificaram estrias de origem glacial em grande saliência do corpo de granito. Insensíveis aos apelos da comunidade científica, em Salto as autoridades não interromperam a lavra de granito: grande parte do registro foi destruído para sempre. Hoje, a história se repete: outro monumento natural, o Pavimento Estriado Guaraú, em Salto, está seriamente ameaçado e pode desaparecer. Parques naturais podem ter efeito multiplicativo na educação básica, porque ajudam a compreender fenômenos que construíram nossa paisagem e podem trazer conhecimentos que ajudam a entender o clima atual, desdobramentos, consequências ambientais e efeitos das ações antrópicas na mudança climática.
Experimentação investigativa e ilustrativa: um estudo sobre a efetividade no ensino de Geociências
Authors: Costa Pedro Leverger , Sanchez Evelyn Aparecida Mecenero
Published: April 2017

A importância de aulas envolvendo diferentes atividades a fim de suprir as lacunas deixadas pelas aulas tradicionais é altamente reconhecida. Uma saída para o método tradicional de ensino é o uso de experimentações, as quais, dentre as várias classificações pragmáticas, podem ser divididas em experimentações investigativas, nas quais o experimento é realizado anteriormente ao conteúdo teórico, e experimentações ilustrativas, tendo os experimentos realizados após o conteúdo teórico, objetivando provar algum fenômeno estudado. No âmbito das Geociências, são trabalhados desde tópicos relacionados a temas comuns ao cotidiano, mas nem sempre fáceis de serem percebidos, bem como temas abstratos por sua escala espacial e/ou temporal e, neste sentido, as experimentações tornam-se excelentes ferramentas de ensino. No presente trabalho analisou-se a efetividade dos experimentos ilustrativos e investigativos frente a um tema cotidiano (erosão) e outro abstrato (formação de relevo). O estudo demonstrou que a experimentação ilustrativa, trabalhada após a teoria, teve maior efetividade tanto quando o assunto era abstrato, como quando o tema era cotidiano, ao passo que a experimentação investigativa foi mais eficaz em manter a atenção dos alunos e discussões sobre teorias, independente se o assunto fosse mais familiar, quanto abstrato.
Profesionalismo, medicina y psiquiatría
Authors: Sarabia Silvana
Published: April 2017

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Características clínicas y paraclínicas del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque
Authors: Ballón-Manrique Benigno , Campos-Ramos Neptalí
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque entre los años 2011 y 2015. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré atendidos en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque en la ciudad de Chiclayo-Perú, Resultados: Encontramos 16 pacientes con Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, 56% varones y 44% mujeres; la enfermedad se presentó mayormente en adultos de 20 a 60 años (44%). La mayor proporción de casos se dio durante las estaciones de invierno y primavera. El subtipo axonal fue el más común (62,5%). En cinco de seis pacientes en los que se practicó punción lumbar para efectuar tests de líquido cefalo-raquídeo se encontró disociación albuminocitológica. Cinco de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica y tres de ellos fallecieron. Conclusiones: Esteprimer reporte del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré realizado en un hospital del norte del Perú, demuestra diferencias en las características clínicas y paraclínicas de nuestros pacientes.
Estados clínicos de alto riesgo para esquizofrenia y otras formas de psicosis: una breve revisión.
Authors: Cabrera Santiago A.S. , Michel Chantal , Cruzado Lizardo
Published: April 2017

La esquizofrenia y cuadros psicóticos relacionados son trastornos complejos que generalmente emergen en el período de transición de la adolescencia hacia la adultez, por lo que sus consecuencias pueden ser deletéreas y producir un alto número de años de vida perdidos por discapacidad. Un importante factor pronóstico es el tiempo transcurridoentre el inicio de la enfermedad y el inicio del tratamiento farmacológico, por lo que la detección temprana de  la enfermedad es factor imprescindible. En esta revisión se examinan aspectos históricos, neurobiológicos y concepciones acerca de los estadios clínicos de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de esquizofrenia. En el ámbito de predicción clínica se presentan el modelo de los “síntomas básicos” de Huber y Gross, y el modelo de “criterios de riesgo ultra alto para esquizofrenia” de Mc Gorry y colaboradores. Se revisan los debates y resultados de abordajes tanto farmacológicos como psicoterapéuticos y se subraya claramente la necesidad de utilizar protocolos de detección de las fases preclínicas de esquizofrenia y otras psicosis en nuestro país.
The Re-Conceptualization of the Port Supply Chain as a Smart Port Service System: The Case of the Port of Salerno
Authors: Botti Antonio , Monda Antonella , Pellicano Marco , Torre Carlo
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes a re-conceptualization of the port supply chain as a smart service system, according to the theory of the Service science. Starting from a short literature review about the port supply chain approach and the Service science, a new comprehensive framework is provided to better understand the seaport dynamics and the creation of competitive port supply chains. The methodology used is the case study approach. The authors examined the port of Salerno (Italy), and re-conceptualized it as a smart port service systems. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided to enrich the literature about the port supply chain and to support the port operators.
A Preliminary Study on Connectivity and Perceived Values of Community Landscapes
Authors: Park Sohyun
Published: April 2017

Green spaces in residential community is important, yet understudied, feature as an urban ecological system. While large urban parks and remnant wildlands in urban areas tend to receive a public attention from conservation and management perspectives, less is known for the importance of spatial and ecological characteristics of the community-scale landscapes. This study investigates natural elements in four planned communities in Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, two of which represent conventional type of neighborhood and the other two exemplify the community development with a proclaimed vision of sustainability. These distinct type of communities, which capture variations in age, location, open space type, and a cross-section of housing density, are compared with regard to landscape connectivity as a means of gauging ecological condition for community sustainability. Using Geographical Information System and landscape connectivity indices, each community’s landscape features including size, physical connectedness and ecological potential were examined. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey was performed to examine the perceptional differences between the two types of community residents. The findings demonstrate that the green spaces in conventional communities are more physically connected than the counterparts, but the naturalness and ecological quality manifested by the amount of the land that may serve as potential urban desert habitats were higher in the sustainable communities. The results of the survey indicated that the respondents inhabiting in sustainable communities possess a higher level of satisfaction than the people in conventional type of community due mainly to the amount of, easy access to, and perceived ecological values of, green spaces in their neighborhoods and surrounding areas. The study concludes that careful community design with ecological consideration can help create sustainable communities which can benefit both site-scale ecosystems and perceived human well-being.
A Facile Strategy to Prepare Shaped ZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced para-Xylene Selectivity and Stability for Toluene Methylation
Authors: Wang Yiren , Chang Yang , Liu Min , Zhang Anfeng , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen
Published: April 2017

This work describes the catalytic performances of attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate in comparison to conventional alumina-bound ZSM-5 extrudate in toluene methylation. The novel attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate is prepared by using natural clay attapulgite as binder which introduces mobile alkaline species and macropores to the extrudate. In contrast to alumina-bound extrudate, this novel extrudate shows significantly higher para-selectivity and stability. By using characterization techniques, including in-situ XRD, SEM, NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD), thermogravimetric analysis and n-hexane/cyclohexane physical adsorption, the catalytic performance improvement of attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate is correlated with the neutralization of Brønsted acid sites by mobile alkaline species during calcination and reaction process. Moreover, a higher para-selectivity was obtained over attapulgite-bound modified ZSM-5 extrudate. The strategy of extruding ZSM-5 catalysts with attapulgite as binder is facile and universal. Such method paves a new way for preparation of shaped toluene methylation catalyst with enhanced para-selectivity and stability.
An Elaborated Study of CO Sensitivities of Cu, Pt and Pd Activated SnO2 Sensors: Effect of Precipitation Agents, Dopants and Doping Methods
Authors: Tangirala Venkata Krishna Karthik , Gomez-Pozos Heberto , Rodríguez-Lugo Ventura , Olvera María De La Luz
Published: April 2017

In this work, we report synthesis of Cu, Pt and Pd doped SnO2 powders and their comparative CO gas sensing studies. Dopants were incorporated into SnO2 nanostructures using chemical and impregnation methods by using urea and ammonia as precipitation agents. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The presence of dopants within the SnO2 nanostructures was evidenced from HR-TEM. Doped powders utilizing chemical methods with urea as precipitation agent presented higher sensitivities compared to the remaining, which is due to the formation of uniform and homogeneous particles resulted from the temperature assisted synthesis. The particle sizes of doped SnO2 nanostructures were in the range of 40-100 nm. An enhanced sensitivity around 1783 was achieved with Cu doped SnO2 when compared with two other dopants i.e., Pt (1200) and Pd: SnO2(502). The high sensitivity of Cu: SnO2 is due to formation of CuO and its excellent association and dissociation in the presence of CO with adsorbed atmospheric oxygen at sensor operation temperatures resulted in high conductance. Cu: SnO2 may be an alternative and cost effective sensor for industrial applications.
Effect of Laser Pulses and Energy on the Structural Properties of ZnO Thin Film Prepared Using PLA Technique
Authors: Ghazai Alaa Jabbar , Aziz Wisam J. , Yassen Nedaa Taha
Published: April 2017

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film has been fabricated on glass substrate using pulse laser ablation (PLA) technique. The effect of laser pulses of 1000, 1500, 2000 pulses at laser energy 700 mJ as well as, laser energy of 600, 700, and 800 mJ at fixed laser pulses of 1500 pulse, with methanol as a solvent on the structural properties of prepared films using XRD, SEM and EDX. XRD results revealed that the ZnO thin films have hexagonal structure with polycrystalline in nature with preferred orientation of (002). Crystalline size was increased with the increasing of the pulses and at energy of 700 mJ and pulse of 1500 pulse seemed nanostructure like tree leaf. In addition, narrow FWHM and no phase change have been observed in all cases. SEM images showed that for all cases the films were homogenous with some island and cluster then cracking started to obtain with the increasing of increase the pulse number. EDX analysis showed that the prepared films were free of defects and contaminations.
Development of Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on Electrochemically Prepared Polypyrrole-Chitosan-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite Films
Authors: AL-Mokaram ALI M.A. Abdul Amir , Yahya Rosiyah , M. Abdi Mahnaz , Mahmud Habibun Nabi Muhammad Ekramul
Published: April 2017

The performance of modified electrode of nanocomposite film consisting of polypyrrole-chitosan-titanium dioxide (Ppy-CS-TiO2) has been explored as non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. The synergy effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and conducting polymer on the current response of electrode resulted in higher sensitivity for nanocomposite modified electrode. The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the nanocomposite films were confirmed by XPS spectra. The FESEM and HR-TEM provided more evidences for the presence of TiO2 in Ppy-CS structure. Glucose biosensing properties were determined by amperommetry and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The interfacial properties of nanocomposite electrodes were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed biosensors showed a good sensitivity over the liner range of 1-14 mM with a detection limit of 614 μM for glucose. It also exhibited good selectivity and long term stability with no interference effect. The Ppy-CS-TiO2 nanocomposites film presented high electron transfer kinetics.
Active Optical Sensors in Irrigated Durum Wheat: Nitrogen and Water Effects
Authors: Bronson Kevin F. , White Jeffrey W. , Conley Matthew M. , Hunsaker Doug J. , Thorp Kelly R. , French Andrew N. , Mackey Bruce E. , Holland Kyle H.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Interest in the use of active optical sensors for guiding N fertilizer management of crops like wheat has grown rapidly since the mid‐1990s. Recently, active optical sensors have been used to assess water status of crops in addition to plant N status.

We conducted a 2‐yr study on a Casa Grande sandy loam soil in Maricopa, AZ, with durum wheat under an overhead sprinkler system. Uniquely, this study had 10 unrandomized levels of irrigation and five rates of N fertilizer.

The objectives were to compare 12 vegetation indices for their ability to distinguish irrigation and N fertilizer rates and to determine how well the vegetation indices estimated biomass, plant N, grain yield, grain N, and yellow berry.

The canopy chlorophyll content index, Datt, and Meris terrestrial chlorophyll index were the most consistent vegetation indices in responding well to N, with minimal water effects. No vegetation indices detected water stress with minimal N effect as well as canopy temperature measured with infrared thermometers.

Interest in active optical sensors (AOS) for guiding N fertilizer management of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grown rapidly since their introduction in the mid‐1990s. Recently, AOS have been used to assess water status of crops in addition to plant N status. Specific vegetation indices (VIs) might assess N stress while minimizing effects of water stress. A 2‐yr study (2013–2014) was conducted on a Casa Grande sandy loam soil in Maricopa, AZ, with durum wheat (T. durum Desf) under an overhead sprinkler system. Uniquely, this study had 10 unrandomized levels of irrigation and five rates of N fertilizer. The objectives were to compare 12 VIs for their ability to distinguish irrigation and N fertilizer effects and to determine how well the VIs estimated biomass, plant N, grain yield, grain N, and yellow berry (opaque starchy grain). Two Crop Circle 470 AOS were passed at a fixed height, 1 m above the tallest plants in the field, every 7 to 10 d during the growing season. The normalize difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) showed highly significant response to N rate in three of four growth‐stage‐years, but significant water and small N effects at Zadoks 32 (early stem elongation) in 2014. The canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCI), DATT (Datt, 1999), and Meris terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) were the most consistent VIs in distinguishing N rates, with minimal water effects. No VIs detected water stress with minimal N effect as well as the infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements of canopy temperature did.
Gene Action and Combining Ability for Certain Agronomic Traits in Red Rice Lines and Commercial Cultivars
Authors: de Morais Odilon Peixoto , Pereira José Almeida , Melo Patrícia Guimarães Santos , Guimarães Paulo Henrique Ramos , de Morais Orlando Peixoto
Published: April 2017

Cultivated red rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important special type of rice in Brazil and makes an excellent food, mainly because of its nutritional value. Genetic variability, useful for rice breeding programs, exists among red rice accessions. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to determine the nature of gene action and magnitude of genetic components conditioning grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), and days to flowering (DTF); and (ii) to determine the combining ability for these traits in nine red rice lines (female parents) and four commercial cultivars (male parents). Thirteen parents, an F2 generation of 18 crosses, and a check cultivar were evaluated at two locations (Goianira and Teresina, Brazil) using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data (unbalanced because of lost plots) from this incomplete set of crosses in a factorial mating design were subjected to variance analyses using a general linear model. According to Baker's ratio, nonadditive genetic effects were more important than additive effects for the expression of the three traits. The dominance deviations were predominantly negative for GY and DTF and were positive for PH. Crosses tended to be more productive (higher GY) and earlier (fewer DTF) than parental lines. General combining ability was largest for the MNA1106 line with red pericarp. The MNA1106/SCS 119 Rubi cross exhibited the highest potential for selection of high‐yielding red rice lines. MNA1101/SCS 119 Rubi, MNA1101/SCS 116 Satoru, MNA1102/SCS 119 Rubi, MNA1103/IRGA 424, MNA1104/SCS 116 Satoru, and MNA1108/IRGA 424 crosses were considered the most promising sources of earliness for developing early‐maturing red rice lines.
Neighborhood Size of Training Data Influences Soil Map Disaggregation
Authors: Levi Matthew R.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Focal summaries of covariate data around sampling points affect model performance.

Support vector machine and random forest approaches produced the best results.

A 150‐m neighborhood emerged as the best model, albeit with a general soil map.

Multiscale covariate data reflect realistic patterns of soil–landscape features.

Soil class mapping relies on the ability of sample locations to represent portions of the landscape with similar soil types; however, most digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches intersect sample locations with one raster pixel per covariate layer regardless of pixel size. This approach does not take the variability of covariate information adjacent to the training data into account. The objective here was to disaggregate a soil map in a semiarid Arizona rangeland (78,569 ha) by exploring different neighborhood sizes for extracting covariate data to points. Eight machine learning algorithms were compared to assess the influence of summarizing covariate data in 0‐, 15‐, 30‐, 60‐, 90‐, 120‐, 150‐, and 180‐m circular neighborhoods and a multiscale model. Κ values of all models ranged between 0.24 and 0.44 and increased with neighborhood size up to 150 m. Support vector machine and random forest algorithms performed best across all scales. The radial support vector machine model using a 150‐m neighborhood had the highest Κ and produced a more generalized map compared with the best multiscale model (random forest), which resulted in a mix of general and detailed soil features. Evaluating a range of neighborhood sizes for aggregating covariate data provides a method of accounting for multiscale processes that are important for predicting soil patterns without modifying the pixel size of the final maps. Incorporating concepts from traditional soil surveys with DSM approaches can strengthen ties between them and optimize the extraction of landscape information for predicting soil properties.