bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning the existing building stock into a resource mine: proposal for a new method to develop building stock models
Authors: Lismont A , Allacker K
Published: September 2019

The construction sector is facing an important challenge to reduce its resource consumption. A promising strategy is to reduce the need of virgin resources by using the existing building stock as a resource mine. Various insights are needed to enable this. It should be clear how many materials are in the stock, when these will become available and to what extent these can be reclaimed in an environmentally and economically viable way. For this purpose a spatio-temporal building stock model is being developed and tested on the city of Leuven, Belgium. In a next step it will be assessed how these flows can be reclaimed in an environmentally and economically viable way. This paper provides a review on the methods used for building stock modelling and proposes improvements on the bottom-up archetypes scaling method. Building parameters relevant to material reuse and are introduced and a new methodology for upscaling is presented, using two data analysis techniques: a clustering algorithm and an artificial neural network.
Optimization-based planning of local energy systems -bridging the research-practice gap
Authors: Andrew Bollinger L , Marquant J , Sulzer M
Published: September 2019

Optimization-based planning of local energy systems – though increasingly mature from a methodological perspective – is not commonly applied in practice. This paper synthesizes learnings from 4 case studies – focused on 4 different sites – in which optimization-based methodologies have been applied to the planning of local energy systems. The aim is to generate insights to facilitate the more effective application of optimization-based methodologies to local energy systems planning in practice. The results indicate that an intensively iterative methodology is critical not only as a basis for adapting the analysis based on stakeholder input, but also to facilitate learning on the part of stakeholders with regard to the value and limitations of the approach and the results. With regard to optimization methodologies, in particular temporal decomposition methodologies are identified as critical to preserving computational tractability in the optimization of complex technical systems, especially those featuring networks and those with many energy carriers or technology options. It is suggested that the methodological tailoring of an optimization model to a specific case and the calculation/visualization of key indicators can be largely automated, which could significantly accelerate future studies and reduce the knowledge required for their execution.
Implementation of a sustainability monitoring tool into the dynamics of an urban brownfield regeneration project
Authors: Laprise M , Rey E
Published: September 2019

Within the context of post-industrial European cities, the regeneration of urban brownfields contributes to limit urban sprawl by increasing cities density while revitalizing neighborhoods. Yet because of their complex nature, urban brownfields regeneration projects (UBRP) are not automatically sustainable. To foster the integration of sustainability objectives into these projects dynamics, an operational monitoring tool was created. Entitled SIPRIUS+, this tool is a collaborative web-based software combining sustainability indicators adapted to UBRP issues and several management functionalities. Test applications conducted on case studies and presented to the related stakeholders gave positive insights about the potential of SIPRIUS+ to provide decision-making support. However, because of the long duration of UBRP, some aspects inherent to monitoring were not verified and the tool not piloted in real conditions. In order to confront SIPRIUS+ with the reality of the practice and its end-users, the tool is now being implemented for an 18-month period in the Gare-Lac neighborhood project located in Yverdon-les-Bains (Switzerland). The paper investigates how SIPRIUS+ is actually implemented into the project’s ongoing urban planning procedure. Then, we analyze preliminary feedbacks to measure the level of adoption of the monitoring approach by the different stakeholders and to identify points of improvement.
Implementing climate impacts in road infrastructure in the design phase by combining BIM with LCA
Authors: Slobodchikov R , Lohne Bakke K , Ragnar Svennevig P , O’Born R
Published: September 2019

Building information modelling (BIM) software is increasingly being used in as a visual road design tool and offers real-time information on material demands as designs change. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that is used to measure the lifetime environmental impacts of systems, materials and processes. LCA data sets are organized according to process or product, which is ideal for implementation as a parameter in BIM. This paper seeks to explore how BIM and LCA can be used together in road design by analysing existing literature, creating a Norwegian test case on a road designed in a BIM model and adding LCA data to the model before comparing to a standard LCA study of the same road. Challenges such as including machinery emissions, uncertainty, data availability, and other insights gained will be discussed. The goal of this paper is to present a path forward for road builders to combine LCA and BIM to promote simplified LCA calculations.
Influence of cross passages temperatures on the life-cycle cost of technical equipment in a railway tunnel
Authors: Scherz M , Fruhwirt D , Bacher M , Steiner H , Passer A , Kreiner H
Published: September 2019

In order to achieve the climate goals, the implementation of sustainable construction is becoming more and more topical in the construction sector. Due to very long service lifes especially in railway projects, the consideration of life-cycle aspects into the early design process is of great importance. Regarding the assessment of the economic pillar of sustainability, life-cycle costing has become an established method. This study presents the application of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for decision aiding in railway construction. The two tunnel tubes of the project Koralmtunnel (KAT) are connected with approximately 70 cross-passages (CPs) at intervals of around 500 m. These CPs serve as escape-ways and additionally host utility rooms for technical equipment (telecomunication, power supply and remote control). First thermal simulations revealed indoor temperatures up to 80
[openbullet]
C due to the heat release of the technical equipment without implementation of technical cooling systems in operation phase. This is caused by the limited heat transfer with the surrounding rock and with the adjacent running tubes. Therefore, the implementation of a cooling system is necessary. It is stated that higher indoor temperatures lead to reduced service lifes of the installed telecommunication systems. By the application of Arrhenius equation, the influence of several indoor target temperatures on the expected life time of the installed telecommunication systems has been determined. In order to meet target temperature requirements appropriate scenarios including different cooling scenarios have been designed. Finally, LCCA by application of the net-present value-method (NPV-method) was conducted in order to determine the most economical solution regarding CPs cooling systems based on selected target-temperatures.
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis under uncertainty in sustainable construction: a neutrosophic modified best-worst method
Authors: Scherz M , Vafadarnikjoo A
Published: September 2019

Capturing uncertainty in multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is not a new theme but a largely developing topic which is in close connection with uncertainty theories such as fuzzy set and grey systems theories. Due to growing complexity of construction processes mainly because of implementation of sustainability aspects it would be necessary to take advantage of a novel MCDA methodology as an efficient tool to handle the uncertainty in sustainable construction decision making. In this study, we utilise a novel neutrosophic modified best-worst method (NM-BWM) to deal with the uncertainty in decision making in the context of sustainable construction. The method is an integration of neutrosophic set theory (NST) and the modified best-worst method (M-BWM). The NST can provide insights on efficient uncertainty handling of decision makers (DMs) subjective judgements. The BWM is a MCDA method which utilises two vectors of pairwise comparisons (the best criterion to others and others to the worst criterion) to obtain the weights of evaluation criteria. Merits of the BWM include its capability in effectively remedying the inconsistency derived from pairwise comparisons as well as simplicity and less pairwise comparisons compared to other similar methods like analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We show the applicability of the method in a case study with focus on the implementation of sustainable construction.
Consistent BIM-led LCA during the entire building design process
Authors: Cavalliere C , Hollberg A , Dell’Osso G R , Habert G
Published: September 2019

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a suitable method to analyse the environmental impact of buildings’ design choices. However, the nature of the building design process leads to a dilemma when applying LCA in early phases. LCA can be fully performed only in the later design phases when complete information is available, but it is too costly to make changes. As a result, LCA is scarcely employed as a decision-making tool. Building Information Modelling (BIM) can assist LCA during the design process. So far, two different approaches are usually adopted to perform the BIM-based LCA of buildings. The first approach concerns performing LCA with a detailed BIM at the end of the building design process. The second approach involves simplified methodologies for early design stages with uncertain data. This study proposes a novel approach for applying a consistent BIM-led LCA from the early design stages to the detailed ones based on lower to higher level of accuracy. Since the BIM elements are specified with increasing level of detail in each design phase, the method uses different LCA databases for the Level of Developments (LODs) of the building elements. Accordingly, LCA calculations are based on mixing the databases in every design phase. This is possible as long as the databases use identical background data. The framework helps to provide consistent information for decision-making throughout the whole design process, both in the later design phases and early ones with a simplified BIM.
BIM-integrated LCA - model analysis and implementation for practice
Authors: Forth K , Braun A , Borrmann A
Published: September 2019

Ecological impacts of buildings can be quantified using the method of Lifecycle Assessment (LCA). With the help of digital methods and semantic building models (BIM), those impacts can be reduced by investigation of variants and their LCA comparison. However, there is a large deviation in the results due to inaccuracies in the modeling and the calculation tools. This paper proposes an improved workflow of BIM-integrated LCA avoiding those inaccuracies. As a first step, various sources of error are identified using a model analysis, which is examined with 25 models focusing on geometry and materiality. Thereby different workflows are investigated, modeling recommendations are derived based on the error analysis, and the findings are implemented in a prototype. Through an optimized calculation process, the semi-automatic calculation of life cycle assessments becomes faster, more consistent and more accurate due to the improved integration in BIM.
A cross-platform modular framework for building Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Kiss B , Röck M , Passer A , Szalay Z
Published: September 2019

In recent years the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for assessing and improving the environmental performance of buildings has increased. At the same time, the automated optimization of building designs is gaining attraction for both design and research purposes. In this regard, a number of issues persist when aiming to optimize building’s environmental impacts along the design process. Firstly, as LCA applies a life cycle perspective, many aspects have to be considered (e.g. energy demand in operation as well as consumption of resources and energy for production and end of life treatment) and a variety of specific calculations is needed (e.g. building energy performance simulation, material quantity take-off). Secondly, sophisticated software packages are available and being used for each of these calculations (e.g. software for building modelling, dynamic energy simulation, quantity surveying). Though many of these software packages are currently standalone applications that rely on human interaction, there is an increasing trend to provide an application programming interface (API) that enables customization and automation. Thirdly, the mentioned processes and calculations are influencing each other in various ways and several scenarios have to be assessed. Thus, a comprehensive and modular approach is required that promotes interconnectivity of the different software solutions and automation of the assessment. In this paper we propose a modular cross-platform framework for LCA of buildings aiming to support flexibility and scalability of building LCA. We present a conceptual framework, example data exchange requirements and highlight potential implementation strategies.
Towards a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment method for the quantification and reduction of impacts of buildings life cycle
Authors: Llatas C , Angulo Fornos R , Bizcocho N , Cortés Albalá I , Falcón Ganfornina R , Galeana I , García-Martínez A , Gómez de Cózar J C , López Alonso S , Meda P , Mercado Martínez J M , Montes M V , Periañez Cristobal R , Quiñones R , Rojo T , Rubio Bellido C , Ruiz Alfonsea M , Soust-Verdaguer B
Published: September 2019

The construction and building sectors are one of the highest consumers of resources and energy. Literature evidences the potentialities of the design phase towards the improvement of environmental, economic and social performance of buildings. Thus, the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). approach is recognized as suitable method. It is based on the “triple bottom line” principle, to calculate environmental, economic, social impacts produced by buildings during its life cycle. The present paper aims to present a methodological framework based on an LCSA, used during design stages of buildings and integrated into a building’s design technology such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). A conceptual approach to conduct the data integration and a possible workflow to integrate the LCSA into BIM is proposed. The value of the present approach is the possibility to conduct quantitative environmental, economic and social assessment of buildings to guide designers to measure and predict the building’s performance.
Digitalization of building LCA and international activities – in the context of German assessment system for sustainable building
Authors: Brockmann T
Published: September 2019

In this paper it is shown how digitalization and the establishment of an online infrastructure for life cycle assessment (LCA) in the context of the assessment system for sustainable building (BNB) by the German government forms starting point for an open international data network, as brought forward by the activities of InData (“International Open Data Network for Sustainable Building”). The establishment of the ILCD+EPD data format for EPD, the provision of interfaces, the development of workflow structures, guidelines and rules, which are openly published, internationally allow to access data from several databases. All these aspects are subject of the InData activities, and are decisive for a harmonization of LCA for sustainable building. With this concept of digitalization the propagation of the use of environmental product declarations (EPD) in building LCA was enhanced, and also new applications for using EPD data are offered, e.g. in BIM or other context.
Information management throughout the life cycle of buildings – Basics and new approaches such as blockchain
Authors: Ganter M , Lützkendorf T
Published: September 2019

Ensuring sustainability for real estate is subject - among other aspects - to building related information. This information needs to be stored and updated continuously throughout the life cycle of a building. A delivery to buyers, tenants, consultants or other actors must be possible at any time. However, in most cases transactions cause significant loss of information while the issues associated with the “building passport” approach remains unsolved to date. Considering the long service life of buildings, various questions arise: (1) How to support data generation and storage within the life cycle and how to encourage actors to compete? (2) How to assure a high data quality and how to store it over a long period of time? (3) How to assure that all data users can track down the data owners at any point of time to manage compliance and legal issues? (4) Are there any new business models or new scopes for designers or other service providers? Information needs of actors along the life cycle are analysed and new information technologies (e.g. blockchain) are discussed. A relation to Building Information Modeling (BIM) is shown. Potentials of enhancing existing approaches regarding documentation retracing and accessibility of building and life cycle related information by using new technologies and IT are discussed; benefits of using a blockchain based system is pointed out by referring to existing pilot projects and first examples. Solution approaches for building passports are shown.
Hook-and-Loop fastener – application for the technical building equipment
Authors: Oswald F , Riewe R , Raudaschl M
Published: September 2019

The Hook-and-Loop fastener (better known for its commercial name Velcro®) is omnipresent in many fields today. Astonishingly it is far from utilizing its full potential in the construction industry although its properties could have a variety of positive effects on the industry.

Contents and Objectives

Commonly the building installation lines (such as electricity, water or ventilation, to name just a few) are walled-in, screwed, or glued at the construction site. Would these instead be assembled and mounted using the hook-and-loop similar fasteners, the following effects with corresponding consequences could arise:

- Simplified assembly processes: They would decisively accelerate the construction phase of a building and would additionally be less prone to performance-related quality deficiencies.

- Flexible mountings and adaptability: They would enable the building to react to short-notice planning changes as well as to adapt to a new spatial program more efficiently.

- Damage-free connections - both for the base-surface and for the component to be fastened to it - would enable a pure separation of different materials and thus easy re-use. The possibility of easy re-use of specific components could prolong the component’s in-use phase of the lifecycle, which would contribute to sustainable usage of resources.

The aim of this exploratory project was thus to develop concepts for the production of surfaces with hook-and-loop-compatible surfaces in buildings, which could serve as a base-surface for simplified mounting of building`s installation lines.
The Three Sisters, klimaaktiv object of the month 12/2018
Authors: Kranzl M
Published: September 2019

In the lakeside city of Aspern in the 22nd district of Vienna, the homebuilding association for private employees has established the residential complex “The Three Sisters” on the construction site D22, a plot of land measuring 5, 200m2. When planning the building envelope of the three buildings which range from four to six floors, the responsible persons consciously decided to use the Wienerberger “Porotherm 50 W.i. Plan” brick. Thus, the first multi-storey residential building project has been constructed using the latest brick generation. The use of a mineral and monocoque construction method makes a significant contribution to eliminating the need for petroleum-based full heat insulation. Therefore, the building complex can throughout be categorized as a low-energy building. Further notable advantages of the applied construction method and building design include the use of an exterior wall system without additional insulation (upgraded insulation on the outside) to obtain a U-value of 0.12 W/m2K which corresponds the passive house standards. The high demands of the construction design in terms of ecological, economical and socio-cultural quality of the three building components are reflected in the ecological selection of construction materials, the persistence of the building complex and the stability of value, as well as apartment sizes, assisted living, smart-start-apartments, integrated green space concepts, roof terraces, urban gardening, etc. The TQB certification with 769 out of 1000 points has been obtained and the project has been awarded with klimaaktiv GOLD to prove the quality of the project and ensure quality assurance and management.
Passive houses for active students – Providing knowledge about eco-efficient buildings
Authors: Jedliczka G
Published: September 2019

The OeAD-Housing Office is a non-profit organisation in the area of international cooperation in education, science and research in Austria. We cooperate with our parent company OeAD-GmbH as well as various Austrian student residences and partner universities worldwide. The main responsibility is accommodating international and national students in Austria’s university towns. Our success story started with the construction of the first halls of residence built according to the passive house standards world-wide in Vienna in 2005. Since its completion, the OeAD-Guesthouse Molkereistraße has accommodated 280 international students and guest professors per semester. We are successful in managing a total of 8 student guesthouses in the passive house design constructed in Vienna, Graz and Leoben.

This paper describes the benefits of passive houses and raising awareness for eco-efficient buildings. We focus on two OeAD-Guesthouses in Austria and highlight their design, architecture and what it is like to live in both of them. Upon request we are also able to propose the OeAD-Guesthouse PopUp dorms. As we want to share our knowledge with the rest of the world we initiated 2 summer universities which pay attention to ecological buildings and the financial and economic system. We also draw attention to several awards we have won during the past years.
Visual tool to integrate LCA and LCC in the early design stage of housing
Authors: Miyamoto A , Allacker K , De Troyer F
Published: September 2019

Over their whole life cycle, buildings are responsible for high environmental impacts and require critical financial resources. Decisions in the early design phase have a significant impact on both. This study aims to develop a visual decision support tool for architects in order to integrate an environmental and economic life cycle approach for dwellings. To evaluate the environmental impacts of the building design, the tool uses the Belgian LCA method, ‘Environmental Profile of Building Elements’. This method translates 17 environmental indicators in environmental costs by considering the cost to avoid, reduce or compensate the effects to a level that is bearable. The tool allows to combine these life-cycle environmental costs (LCEC) with Life Cycle financial Cost (LCFC). To estimate the operational energy use of the building, the “dynamic Equivalent Heating Degree Day (dEHDD)” method is used. This method allows for fast and relatively accurate heating energy estimations in the early phase, based on a limited number of input data. The tool visualises the results in a graphical way which can be easily understood by architects. Even more, visualisation is seen as a powerful communication tool to share information and ideas with all stakeholders.
Social housing energy retrofitting: Business Model and supporting tools for public administration
Authors: Penna P , Schweigkofler A , Brozzi R , Marcher C , Matt D T
Published: September 2019

High refurbishment costs and uncertainty of the investment payback period account as the main reasons of low rate of energy retrofit of the European building stock. Moreover, assessing energy and economic benefits of energy retrofitting may result difficult e.g. due to the unpredictability of users’ behaviour which may alter the effectiveness of energy refurbishment intervention. This paper deals with the question whether approaches exist, aimed at securing the profitability of energy retrofitting and at creating the market condition to incentivize the energy refurbishment on a large scale. The paper presents the operational tools, developed to support the public administrations along the entire retrofit process, and the Business Model (BM), structured to financially support the refurbishments by the energy cost savings. This tools and the BM has been developed for the South Tyrolean context, to promote the energy retrofit of the social housing building stock of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano. The results presented in this paper are part of the ongoing research project “KlimaKit”, founded by operational programme European Fund for Regional Development of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano EFRD 2014-2020 – Investments in Growth and Employment.
Business-models of gravel, cement and concrete producers in Switzerland and their relevance for resource management and economic development on regional a scale
Authors: Meglin R , Kliem D , Scheidegger A , Kytzia S
Published: September 2019

Traditionally, gravel, cement and concrete producers focus on their role as material or resource suppliers. The higher the material turnover, the higher the economic success. Hence, the business-model conflicts with the societal goal of increased resource efficiency. Driven by stricter regulations, companies started to extend their business models with additional services in waste management and logistics.

In the research project “Co-Evolution of Business Strategies in material and construction industries and public policies” the most relevant business-models of gravel, cement and concrete producers in Switzerland are identified based on case studies of ten different companies. The analysis reveals how these business-models differ with regards to value added, resource consumption and CO2-emissions. To analyse the relevance of the different business-models on regional scale, an assessment model is developed based on Material Flow Analysis. It is used to analyse the value chain of construction minerals in an alpine region and its effect on value added, resource consumption, waste generation and CO2-emissions. A comparison between the results of both analyses – companies scale versus regional scale – reveals how alternative business-models could affect resource management and economic development on a regional scale and which types of business-models accelerate or hinder the transition towards a sustainable built environment. The study will show, that it is essential to identify alternative business models in the building materials industry and understand their impacts on the use of primary and secondary resources.

In this paper, we identify two business models, which, at first glance, seems identical as they produce and sell concrete and gravel, but show that the success of a business model highly depends on the source for raw-materials (gravel pit, river extraction or processing excavated materials with high gravel content), the possibility to landfill excavated material and the resulting effects on resource consumption.
Possible strategies and obstacles in the pathway towards energy transition of residential building stocks in Switzerland
Authors: Flourentzou F
Published: September 2019

The Swiss strategy for energy transition towards a sober energy world targets a 2000 W per capita society in 2050. This objective for an owner of a building stock is translated to a refurbishment of all existing residential buildings to near zero energy buildings, consuming less than 55 kWh/m2 of primary energy for heating with a rhythm reducing the overall energy consumption by an average of 2.6 kWh/m2 until 2050.

The article analyses energy consumption of 10’000 residential buildings in Geneva Canton since 1994 and shows that the target of energy reduction at this rate has been achieved in the period 1994-2016, decreasing from 187 kWh/m2 in 1996 to 134 kWh/m2 in 2016. However, projections for the next 3 decades with the current refurbishment rhythm (0.8-1.5%) and the current real energy performance after deep refurbishment and energy upgrading, show that at this rate and with the performance gap not resolved, the final target will not be achieved.

Based on the analysis of real energy consumption after refurbishment actions on statistically significant building samples and analysing the potential energy refurbishment actions of a 161 buildings stock, we have simulated possible and realistic ways to achieve the 2000 W society target.
Fleet-based LCA applied to the building sector – Environmental and economic analysis of retrofit strategies
Authors: Göswein V , Dinis Silvestre J , Freire F , Habert G
Published: September 2019

CO2 emissions need to be reduced by 40% in 2030 in Portugal as an intermediate target of the Paris Agreement. This challenging goal is expected to be achieved through incentive-based regulations and voluntary actions. This study improves the understanding of renovation strategies to reduce emissions caused by the built environment. A fleet-based Life Cycle Assessment (fb-LCA) is adapted and applied to the building sector. Fb-LCA integrates LCA and a fleet model to describe stocks and flows associated with a class of products over time. The method is tested for a neighbourhood in Lisbon, Portugal. The analysis compares 3 scenarios of dynamic renovation rates for the next 30 years: business as usual, a public economic incentive to renovate, and mandatory renovation. Different technology scenarios including bio-based ones, are compared. Among the latter, alternative material solutions, e.g. insulation cork boards, are emerging, providing carbon sequestration. Results highlight the environmental benefits of bio-based materials considering the temporal profile of renovation activity. Furthermore, the cost and sensitivity analysis help stakeholders to justify retrofit actions from an environmental and economic point of view. The adaptation of a fb-LCA approach proves to be an easy-to-use method to assess technology options and policy scenarios at a neighbourhood scale.
Potential for energy savings in Czech residential building stock by application of a prefabricated mass retrofitting system
Authors: Lupíšek A , Sojková K , Volf M , Hejtmánek P
Published: September 2019

Buildings are responsible for a significant share of EU energy consumption. To improve energy efficiency of the building stock, it is needed to significantly increase renovation rates. To overcome actual barriers related to this problem, such as partial and non-systematic renovations, lasting unrest during renovation or time-consuming wet processes, an industrialized construction system using prefabricated modular elements seems to be a possible way. Such system for mass energy retrofitting of residential buildings in Central Europe was developed in H2020 project MORE-CONNECT. The work presented in this article aimed to roughly estimate potential yearly energy savings by applying this new modular retrofitting system on one typology segment of the Czech residential building stock: non-renovated multifamily residential buildings built between 1946 and 1960 with total gross floor area covering over 7 million square meters. The main objective of the research presented in this paper was to make a hypothetic rough estimation of potential yearly energy savings by applying the new modular retrofitting system on a target typology of the Czech residential building stock. According to the calculations, application of proposed retrofitting system on the chosen building type would reduce the total energy consumption in Czech residential buildings by 2.9 % and by 1.8 % compared to energy consumption in all Czech buildings.
Towards a model for circular renovation of the existing building stock: a preliminary study on the potential for CO2 reduction of bio-based insulation materials
Authors: Pittau F , Iannaccone G , Lumia G , Habert G
Published: September 2019

In the context of strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change within European cities, increasing attention is being paid worldwide to the use of urban green infrastructure which, in addition to the potential for improving the quality of the urban environment, allow significant amounts of CO2 to be removed from the air. However, considering the peculiarities of the dense European cities, most of the available surfaces in urban areas are the perimeter walls of buildings of considerable age that are in urgent need of measures to upgrade their energy performance. Based on this premise, this paper investigates the potential for CO2 storage resulting from the application of energy retrofit solutions using biogenic insulating materials. Starting from the analysis of the demand for insulation materials necessary for the energy requalification of the residential existing building stock in 28 European countries, following the renovation target fixed by EU, the research analyses, through the adoption of a dynamic LCA approach, the environmental benefits of bio-based materials compared to traditional solutions. The use of these materials, especially if they are fast-growing - as the study shows - offers several advantages in terms of climate change mitigation by reducing the energy needs and CO2 emissions of the existing building stock and increasing carbon storage capacity within cities. The results of this study are intended to provide a robust database on which to build a model of circular building renovation that takes into account the environmental long-term effects of measures for increasing energy efficiency of buildings.
Retrofitting strata property - a tool supporting long-term retrofit strategy
Authors: Ehrbar D , Heim D , Mayer A-T , Schwehr P
Published: September 2019

Strata property - ownership of apartments or townhouses consisting of private and commonly owned building components and areas - was established in Switzerland in 1965 and since has become very popular. But, well-needed retrofit work of these buildings is often postponed and long-term retrofit strategies are rarely considered. However, the low retrofit rate must increase to meet the global energy goals. Interviews and workshops with relevant actors showed that missing financial means are not the key issues for the low retrofit rate. Major challenges arise from a broad set of issues, such as difficult processes, unclear responsibility, insufficient communication, missing building information or underestimation of the commonly owned building components. “Luzerner Toolbox” provides eight folders that address the key clusters of challenges. Central to this toolbox are Excel-based tools, which transform accurate technical and financial information into a visual format. An ample diagram illustrates the remaining lifetime of the building parts and a graph relates upcoming retrofit costs and the annual payments into the contingency reserve fund with a forecast of the contingency reserve fund. As such, these tools assists in scheduling appropriate retrofit measures and establishing a balanced financial planning. But, various actors have reported that the retrofit timetable is too complex to be used in management firms. Feasibility studies and further research of their specific needs and work processes are needed to refine the tool accordingly. In a further study, interviews with management firms and architects are conducted to determine the key factors of a useful tool.
The Effect of Competence, Motivation, and Environment on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs Running Small and Medium Enterprises in Jakarta
Authors: Simanjuntak M , Sarjono H
Published: September 2019

This research uses a quantitative approach to study the development of women entrepreneurs running small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Jakarta and surrounding areas. This research primarily focuses on the relationship between independent variables, namely, competence, motivation and environment and the business performance as the dependent variable. This research is expected to provide an overview for all parties about the development and involvement of women in the economic field, especially in alleviating poverty in Jakarta. This study uses 200 women entrepreneurs running SMEs as the research respondents. The results of this study indicates that there is an influence of competence of 0.288 (low), the motivation of 0.309 (moderate) and environment of 0.292 (low) on the business performance. We suggest that the government increase the competence of women entrepreneurs and provide more favourable regulation to enhance their business performance in the future.
Risk Analysis of Supply Chain Cultivation of JOPER
Authors: Immawan T , Puruhita A , Cahyo W N
Published: September 2019

Joper (Jowo Super) is one kind of high-quality chicken. The demand of this type of chicken is an increasingly popular type of livestock to be developed and is expected to meet market demand for native chicken meat. On the other hand, there are some obstacles experienced by farmers, such as the risk in cultivation. This study aims to identify and analyse the risk event and risk agent that may occur using the House of Risk method. From the research results, 12 risk events and 14 risk agents were found. The result of House of Risk phase 1, it is found that 5 of the 14 risk agents includes in the area of dominant risk agents. Then, the process to identify the priority of mitigation strategies of the risk is performed in the House of Risk phase 2. In this phase, there are 7 risk management mitigation been proposed and prioritised to be applied.
Integration Assessment and Evaluation of Supplier Performance System in Electricity Generation Company
Authors: Musyahidah B , Vanany I
Published: September 2019

The supplier performance system has gained important to assess and evaluate suppliers in order to determine supplier performance level. The assessment and evaluation integration is needed in supplier performance system for the companies that have many branches and unit in order the results of assessment each company’s supplier could be used to evaluate in among branches and units. The case study in this research is the Indonesian electricity generation company that has 34 power plant unit and has approximately 4,000 suppliers. Based on discussion and focus group discussion (FGD) with the case study’s managers, the criteria and sub criteria of supplier performance system including their weight have been determined such as budget, supplier positioning matrix, procurement per period, and blacklist history. AHP approach is used to determine the weight each aspect and indicator. Software based on online platform was developed to support the assessment and evaluation in each branch. Supplier performance system proposed was applied in case study. Based on interviews with the case study’s manager, the supplier performance system proposed has comprehensive aspects and indicators to evaluate each project purchasing order and managers is easier to determine the supplier’s selection and blacklist.
Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Service, Time Window and Intermediate Facility for Municipal Solid Waste Collection in Surabaya City with Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dayanara D H , Arvitrida N I , Siswanto N
Published: September 2019

The volume of waste production in the Surabaya City from 2013 to 2017 increase in line with the population growth in the Surabaya city. The number of vehicles owned by Dinas Kebersihan dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau is limited so that in satisfying the order from every LPS in Surabaya that must be collect by the compactor, the transportation needs optimization planning. The model for the case of MSW collection in Surabaya City is Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Service, Time Window and Intermediate Facility (VRPSSMTTWIF). The vehicles load from every LPS with deterministic demand and unload to LPA as an intermediate facility in this model. The vehicle will depart from the depot and return to the depot in a state of empty load during operating hours or with time window constraint. The vehicle will do the ritase more than once when not exceed the operational hours. In 1 LPS can be served more than once with the same vehicle or different according to the number of demand. In finding the optimal routes that have a minimum total distance value, this research using the approach methodology, metaheuristic with the ACO algorithm which is expected to be solved with faster computation time. The result is a new recommendation route with a total distance of 4256.7 km. The difference between the existing and recommendation route is 354.4 km by using 35 vehicles. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that with the current DKRTH vehicles, the number of 44 units of compactor is estimated to be able to handle the increasing demand until up to 20%.
Developing Indicators of Green Construction of Green Supply Chain Management in Construction Industry: a Literature Review
Authors: Farida N. , Handayani N.U. , Wibowo M.A.
Published: September 2019

Green construction is a concept in construction to minimize environmental impact so that balancing the environmental capabilities with human life needs for the present and future generations. This concept in line with sustainable construction and lean construction concept. In the Project Life Cycle (PLC), green construction is related to the construction phase. However, accomplishment in this stage cannot be separated with previous stages that are planning and design phases. Therefore, an integrated green concept is needed to assemble the continuity of each stage in PLC thus reducing the fragmented nature of the construction industry. Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) concern to sustainable practices along the supply chain. Management of materials and information flow, in addition energy consumed and waste generated reduction in every stage makes GSCM worth to considered as a concept to integrated all stages in PLC into a green spirit. This study aims to identify the indicators of green construction concept as part of GSCM. The result of this study is a framework for implementing green construction that consists of four dimensions, 25 elements, and 42 indicators.
A new metaheuristics for solving vehicle routing problem: Partial Comparison Optimization
Authors: Adhi A , Santosa B , Siswanto N
Published: September 2019

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a problem of selecting shortest route from a depot to serve several nodes by considering transport capacity. In this study, a new metaheuristcs algorithm is proposed to solve VRP in order to achieve optimal solution. This metaheuristics algorithm is Partial Comparison Optimization (PCO). This new optimization algorithm was developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems such as VRP. In this study, PCO was tested to solve the problems that existed in the origin VRP. To prove PCO is a good metaheuristics for solving VRP, several of instances of symmetrical VRP were selected from the VRP library to evaluate its performance. The numerical results obtained from the calculation indicated that the proposed optimization method could achieve results that almost similar with the best-known solutions within a reasonable time calculation. It showed that PCO was a good metaheuristics to solve VRP.
An Analysis of Correlation of the Distances between Turbines in a Turbine Farm with their Power and Cost
Authors: Habiby J S , Triwiyatno A , Andromeda T
Published: September 2019

In Indonesia with the increasing demand of electrical energy, fuel production from coal and crude oil will reach its limitation in a few decades, along with the increase of a number of extreme weather and global warming. Based on that, it is needed to find a solution for the electricity demand by harnessing alternative renewable energies which potentially useable in Indonesia. One of those alternatives is wind energy, which is renewable and can be turned into electricity using a wind turbine. In this thesis, we studied the correlation of distances between turbines in a wind farm with their power and cost. We set wind turbines in several ways by means of distance variation. Then define an objective function, i.e. a function which depends on the power produced and the cost needed in a way such that its value decreases when the power increases or the cost decreases and vice versa. Lastly, we analyse which wind turbine layout gives the minimum value for the objective function.
Single Minute Exchange of Dies as The Solution on Setup Processes Optimization by Decreasing Changeover Time, A Case Study in Automotive Part Industry
Authors: Sugarindra M , Ikhwan M , Suryoputro M R
Published: September 2019

Industrial competition nowadays demanding automotive manufacturers to increase productivity and organise lean production to meet all the targets. The rear axle manufacturer, one of the automotive industry in 2018, experienced production constraints that were unable to meet production targets. The Line Housing F as the object of this research had 9 machines that involved setup time for the changeover process out of 24 machines. The setup process was not being standardized, conducted manually and involved readjustment on the engine jig, which would, causes a long changeover time because the process was repeatedly carried out. This study aimed to optimize setup activities in order to reduce changeover time. The Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) method was one of the applicable tools to reduce change over time, by changing the internal activities into external activities. In the final stage, SMED simplified the jig setting process by changing the jig design on the M16.3 machine and parallelizing the setup and process operations of the machine. The final results improved the 33% overall changeover time, from 58.36 to 39.22 minutes.
The Risk Assessment of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) Disorder Using Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) Index Method
Authors: Restuputri D P , Eriko  , Masudin I
Published: September 2019

Problems that are often encountered in the workplace, especially those associated with obstacles in carrying out their work is a complaint of Repetitive Strain Injuries. Most problems frequently encountered in this workplace are associated with fatigue in carrying out their work. During the production process, the whole employees use their upper body. Results of questionnaire to workers using the method Nordic body map indicated that the complaints of pain in the left right upper arm are 93%, 93% of the right and left forearm, 93% for the left right wrist, 84% for the left right shoulder. This research uses the OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Action) method. The OCRA method is a quantitative method for the workings used in specific repetitive work. The results of this study are the types of jobs that are at high risk of recurrent strain injury, determining the major use of behavioural repetitive action behaviour (OCRA) and addressing work issues that may cause disturbance of repetitive strain injuries.