bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (Dimethoxy‐ and Dihalopyridyl)boronic Acids and Highly Functionalized Heteroarylpyridines by Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Smith Amy E. , Clapham Kate M. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Bryce Martin R. , Tarbit Brian
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,α′‐Bis(substituted benzylidene)‐1‐carbethoxy‐4‐piperidone.
Authors: Ameen Mohamed A. , Ahmed Essam Kh.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Stabilized Azomethine Ylides to Alkenyl Quinolines (III): An Efficient Route to Polyfunctionalized 3‐Pyrrolidinylquinoline Derivatives (V).
Authors: Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Debache Abdelmadjid , Rhouati Salah , Carboni Bertrand , Belfaitah Ali
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Oxazolo[4,5‐c]pyridine and 6‐Azaindole.
Authors: Tjosaas Freddy , Kjerstad Ivar Broendbo , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and ‐thiones Catalyzed by ZIRCONIA Nanopowder. An Improved Protocol for the Biginelli Cyclocondensation Compounds in “Dry Media”.
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Mannathusamy , Sureshkumar Purusothaman , Thanusu Jeyaraman , Kanagarajan Vijayakumar , Ezhilarasi Muthuvel R.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green and High Efficient Synthesis of Triaza‐benzo[b]fluoren‐6‐one Derivatives in Water under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Shao Qingqing , Tu Shujiang , Li Chunmei , Cao Longji , Zhou Dianxiang , Wang Qian , Jiang Bo , Zhang Yan , Hao Wenjuan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of N(3)‐ (IV) and O‐Acylmethyl Derivatives (III) of 2‐Methylthio‐4(3H)‐quinazolinone.
Authors: Burbuliene Milda M. , Mazeikaite Rita , Vainilavicius Povilas
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐ and Trifluoromethylpyrimidine‐Fused Uracils.
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Akiyama Kazuhiko , Suzuki Takumi , Inoue Hiroshi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Straightforward Route for the Synthesis of Some 1‐Oxa‐2‐silacyclopentane Derivatives.
Authors: Safa Kazem D. , Shahrivar Mohammad , Tofangdarzadeh Shahin , Hassanpour Akbar
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates Catalyzed by Antimony Trichloride Adsorbed on Alumina.
Authors: Ambica Ambica , Kumar Satish , Taneja Subhash C. , Hundal Maninder S. , Kapoor Kamal K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diazonamides C—E, New Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Ascidian Diazona sp.
Authors: Fernandez Rogelio , Martin Maria Jesus , Rodriguez‐Acebes Raquel , Reyes Fernando , Francesch Andres , Cuevas Carmen
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Closing Metathesis as an Efficient Protocol for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro C‐Linked 4‐Deoxy Disaccharides.
Authors: Reddy Jakkidi J. , Begum Asra , Jayaprakash Pagadala , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Kunwar Ajit C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Yield Protection of Alcohols, Including Tertiary and Base‐Sensitive Alcohols, as Benzhydryl Ethers by Heating with Diphenyldiazomethane in the Absence of Any Other Reagent.
Authors: Best Daniel , Jenkinson Sarah F. , Rule Sebastian D. , Higham Rosemary , Mercer Thomas B. , Newell Richard J. , Weymouth‐Wilson Alexander C. , Fleet George W. J. , Petursson Sigthor
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, in vitro Antiproliferative Activities, and Chk1 Inhibitory Properties of Pyrrolo[3,4‐a]carbazole‐1,3‐diones, Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐1,3‐diones, and 2‐Aminopyridazino[3,4‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐1,3,4,7‐tetraone.
Authors: Conchon Elisabeth , Anizon Fabrice , Aboab Bettina , Golsteyn Roy M. , Leonce Stephane , Pfeiffer Bruno , Prudhomme Michelle
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthraquinones from the Fruits of Vismia laurentii
Authors: Noungoue Diderot Tchamo , Antheaume Cyril , Chaabi Mehdi , Ndjakou Bruno Lenta , Ngouela Silvere , Lobstein Annelise , Tsamo Etienne
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparison of Field‐Based Similarity Searching Methods: CatShape, FBSS, and ROCS.
Authors: Moffat Kirstin , Gillet Valerie J. , Whittle Martin , Bravi Gianpaolo , Leach Andrew R.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial QSAR Modeling of Chemical Toxicants Tested Against Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Authors: Zhu Hao , Tropsha Alexander , Fourches Denis , Varnek Alexandre , Papa Ester , Gramatica Paola , Oeberg Tomas , Dao Phuong , Cherkasov Artem , Tetko Igor V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Discovery of Novel Non‐nucleosidic DNA Alkyltransferase Inhibitors: Virtual Screening and in vitro and in vivo Activities.
Authors: Ruiz Federico M. , Gil‐Redondo Ruben , Morreale Antonio , Ortiz Angel R. , Fabrega Carmen , Bravo Jeronimo
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Performance of Epitaxial Thin Films of Layered Cobalt Oxides Grown by Reactive Solid‐phase Epitaxy with Topotactic Ion‐exchange Methods
Authors: Sugiura Kenji , Ohta Hiromichi , Koumoto Kunihito
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Pb—Zn (Aluminum—Lead—Zinc)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Mg—Sc (Aluminum—Magnesium—Scandium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Cu—In (Aluminum—Copper—Indium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Jahnke Mareike C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metallocycles: Rational Synthesis and Novel Applications
Authors: Lee Suk Joong , Lin Wenbin
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Double‐Stranded Antisense Oligonucleotides Connected with a Pentaerythritol Linker
Authors: Shibata Aya , Ueno Yoshihito , Matsuda Akira , Kitade Yukio
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Schiff Base Mediated Base Pairing
Authors: Dohno Chikara , Okamoto Akimitsu , Saito Isao
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of ENA Oligonucleotides Targeted to Human Telomerase RNA Subunit
Authors: Horie Makiko , Morita Koji , Kawakami Junko , Tsutsumi Shinya , Ando Osamu , Koizumi Makoto
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protoberberine Alkaloids. Physicochemical and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties
Authors: Maiti Motilal , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Modified Purine Bases and Nucleosides: New Methodologies of Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Hocek Michal
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Link Between Reactivity and Local Structure in Acid Catalysis on Zeolites
Authors: Bhan Aditya , Iglesia Enrique
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloid—Polymer Mixtures in the Protein Limit
Authors: Mutch Kevin J. , van Duijneveldt Jeroen S. , Eastoe Julian
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia on Vascular Responsiveness
Authors: Zamami Yoshito , Takatori Shingo , Iwatani Yukiko , Yamawaki Kousuke , Miyashita Satoko , Yabumae Nana , Takayama Fusako , Mio Mitsunobu , Kawasaki Hiromu
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: MAPLE Applications in Studying Organic Thin Films
Authors: Jelinek M. , Kocourek T. , Remsa J. , Cristescu R. , Mihailescu I. N. , Chrisey D. B.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Challenging the concept of “recycling” as a mechanism for the evolution of homochirality in chemical reactions
Authors: Blackmond Donna G.
Published: June 2008

The concept that “recycling” of reactants may be key to the spontaneous generation of a homochiral state in closed autocatalytic reaction networks has recently been introduced and has been supported by computer simulations of such reaction networks. It has been suggested that unidirectional cycles maintained away from equilibrium may avoid the inevitable establishment of a racemic state, and under such conditions the explicit reverse reactions dictated by microscopic reversibility may be all be treated as having negligible rates. We show here that because the equilibrium constants in a recycled network are interdependent, it is not valid to neglect all reverse reactions simultaneously; a very low value for the rate constant of one reverse reaction in the network dictates that another reverse reaction in the same network will exhibit a large rate constant. This conclusion is general and applies to any closed mass system where the energy input is subject to microscopic reversibility. Therefore, chemical reversibility cannot be invoked as a mechanism for the evolution of a single chiral molecular state in thermally activated reactions. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO Adsorption on a LaNi5 Hydrogen Storage Alloy Surface: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Han Song , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Shi Si‐Qi , Kohyama Masanori , Tanaka Hideaki , Kuriyama Nobuhiro , Taoka Naoki , Kaneko Teruo , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2008

Density functional theory calculations are carried out to study CO adsorption on the (001) surface of a LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy. At low coverages, CO favors adsorption on NiNi bridge sites. With an increase in CO coverage, the decrease in the adsorption energy is much larger for NiNiCO bridge adsorption than that for NiCO on‐top adsorption. Thus, the latter sites in the relatively stable adsorption structure are preferentially utilized at high CO coverages. The nature of the bonding between CO and the LaNi5 (001) surface is analyzed in detail.
Cell proliferation dynamics of somatic and germline tissues during zooidal life span in the colonial tunicateBotryllus primigenus
Authors: Kawamura Kazuo , Tachibana Miki , Sunanaga Takeshi
Published: June 2008

Botryllus primigenusis a colonial tunicate in which three successive generations develop synchronously. To identify proliferation centers and possible adult stem cells during asexual reproduction, somatic and germline cells were labeled with 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU). In the youngest generation, multipotent epithelial cells exhibited an average labeling index (LI) of 30% 24 hr after BrdU injection. In the middle generation, the LI of organ rudiments decreased gradually and reached zero by the beginning of the eldest generation. Exceptionally, cells of specialized tissues such as the pharyngeal inner longitudinal vessel and the posterior end of the endostyle continued DNA synthesis and mitosis even in the eldest generation. Proliferating somatic and germline cells of younger generations expressed aBotryllus mychomolog (BpMyc), but adult tissues did not. This result strongly suggests that inB. primigenusundifferentiated progenitor cells are discernible from possible adult stem cells by the presence or absence ofBpMyc. Developmental Dynamics 237:1812–1825, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic expression patterns of ECM molecules in the developing mouse olfactory pathway
Authors: Shay Elaine L. , Greer Charles A. , Treloar Helen B.
Published: June 2008

Olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons follow stereotypic spatio‐temporal paths in the establishment of the olfactory pathway. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are expressed early in the developing pathway and are proposed to have a role in its initial establishment. During later embryonic development, OSNs sort out and target specific glomeruli to form precise, complex topographic projections. We hypothesized that ECM cues may help to establish this complex topography. The aim of this study was to characterize expression of ECM molecules during the period of glomerulogenesis, when synaptic contacts are forming. We examined expression of laminin‐1, perlecan, tenascin‐C, and CSPGs and found a coordinated pattern of expression of these cues in the pathway. These appear to restrict axons to the pathway while promoting axon outgrowth within. Thus, ECM molecules are present in dynamic spatio‐temporal positions to affect OSN axons as they navigate to the olfactory bulb and establish synapses. Developmental Dynamics 237:1837–1850, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the hyaluronan receptor LYVE‐1 is not restricted to the lymphatic vasculature; LYVE‐1 is also expressed on embryonic blood vessels
Authors: Gordon Emma J. , Gale Nicholas W. , Harvey Natasha L.
Published: June 2008

Expression of the hyaluronan receptor LYVE‐1 is one of few available criteria used to discriminate lymphatic vessels from blood vessels. Until now, endothelial LYVE‐1 expression was reported to be restricted to lymphatic vessels and to lymph node, liver, and spleen sinuses. Here, we provide the first evidence that LYVE‐1 is expressed on blood vessels of the yolk sac during mouse embryogenesis. LYVE‐1 is ubiquitously expressed in the yolk sac capillary plexus at E9.5, then becomes progressively down‐regulated on arterial endothelium during vascular remodelling. LYVE‐1 is also expressed on intra‐embryonic arterial and venous endothelium at early embryonic stages and on endothelial cells of the lung and endocardium throughout embryogenesis. These findings have important implications for the use of LYVE‐1 as a specific marker of the lymphatic vasculature during embryogenesis and neo‐lymphangiogenesis. Our data are also the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that the mouse yolk sac is devoid of lymphatic vessels. Developmental Dynamics 237:1901–1909, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol dose effects on brain circuits during simulated driving: An fMRI study
Authors: Meda Shashwath A. , Calhoun Vince D. , Astur Robert S. , Turner Beth M. , Ruopp Kathryn , Pearlson Godfrey D.
Published: June 2008

Driving while intoxicated remains a major public health hazard. Driving is a complex task involving simultaneous recruitment of multiple cognitive functions. The investigators studied the neural substrates of driving and their response to different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a virtual reality driving simulator. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to isolate spatially independent and temporally correlated driving‐related brain circuits in 40 healthy, adult moderate social drinkers. Each subject received three individualized, separate single‐blind doses of beverage alcohol to produce BACs of 0.05% (moderate), 0.10% (high), or 0% (placebo). 3 T fMRI scanning and continuous behavioral measurement occurred during simulated driving. Brain function was assessed and compared using both ICA and a conventional general linear model (GLM) analysis. ICA results replicated and significantly extended our previous 1.5T study (Calhoun et al. [2004a]: Neuropsychopharmacology 29:2097–2017). GLM analysis revealed significant dose‐related functional differences, complementing ICA data. Driving behaviors including opposite white line crossings and mean speed independently demonstrated significant dose‐dependent changes. Behavior‐based factors also predicted a frontal‐basal‐temporal circuit to be functionally impaired with alcohol dosage across baseline scaled, good versus poorly performing drivers. We report neural correlates of driving behavior and found dose‐related spatio‐temporal disruptions in critical driving‐associated regions including the superior, middle and orbito frontal gyri, anterior cingulate, primary/supplementary motor areas, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Overall, results suggest that alcohol (especially at high doses) causes significant impairment of both driving behavior and brain functionality related to motor planning and control, goal directedness, error monitoring, and memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in an organised screening population in Finland
Authors: Leinonen Maarit , Kotaniemi‐Talonen Laura , Anttila Ahti , Dyba Tadeusz , Tarkkanen Jussi , Nieminen Pekka
Published: June 2008

A persistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a necessary condition for developing a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. The viral aetiology in cervical carcinogenesis has stimulated attempts to use HPV DNA detection in cervical cancer screening. In Finland there is an ongoing study assessing the benefits of primary HPV DNA testing in the setting of centrally organised mass screening for cervical cancer. Here we present the age‐specific prevalence of hrHPV infection and associated sociodemographic factors of 16,895 women aged 25–65 years attending the 5‐yearly cervical cancer screening between years 2003 and 2004. The overall hrHPV prevalence rate was 7.5%. The peak prevalence at the age group of 25–29 was 24.1% decreasing steadily thereafter to approximately 2.9% in women aged 65 years. Young age and marital status were the main determinants for oncogenic HPV types. Our study confirms the inverse relationship between age and hrHPV prevalence reported in many developed countries. As our prevalence rates and hence background risk for cervical cancer are not lower than in other European countries, it is likely that our lowest cervical cancer burden in Europe is due to health care actions justifying the organised cervical cancer screening. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical characterization of adenosine receptors in rat aorta and tail arteries
Authors: Leal Sandra , Sá Carlos , Gonçalves Jorge , Fresco Paula , Diniz Carmen
Published: June 2008

Adenosine plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, activating adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3receptors, and regulating blood flow either by acting directly on vascular cells or indirectly because of its effects on the central or peripheral nervous systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pattern of distribution of adenosine receptor subtypes is different on elastic and muscular, using abdominal aorta and tail arteries as models. Immunohistochemistry using anti‐A1, anti‐A2A, anti‐A2B, and anti‐A3receptor antibodies was performed on perfused‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded arteries from Wistar rats. 3,3′‐Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; activated by hydrogen peroxide) staining revealed significant differences in the abundance of A1, A2A, and A3receptors between abdominal aorta and tail artery and allowed the identification of distinct distribution patterns for A1, A2A, A2B, and A3receptors in the tunica adventitia, media, and intima of muscular and elastic arteries. Data are compatible with several previous functional reports supporting that different adenosine receptor subtype expression and/or their distribution in the vessel wall may influence their respective contribution to the control of blood flow. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular insights into evolution of the vertebrate gut: focus on stomach and parietal cells in the marsupial, Macropus eugenii
Authors: Kwek Joly , De Iongh Robbert , Nicholas Kevin , Familari Mary
Published: June 2008

Gastrulation in vertebrate embryos results in the formation of the primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which contain the progenitors of the tissues of the entire fetal body. Extensive studies undertaken in Xenopus, zebrafish and mouse have revealed a high degree of conservation in the genes and cellular mechanisms regulating endoderm formation. Nodal, Mix and Sox gene factor families have been implicated in the specification of the endoderm across taxa. Considerably less is known about endoderm development in marsupials. In this study we review what is known about the molecular aspects of endoderm development, focusing on evolution and development of the stomach and parietal cells and highlight recent studies on parietal cells in the stomach of Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii. Although the regulation of parietal cells has been extensively studied, very little is known about the regulation of parietal cell differentiation. Intriguingly, during late‐stage forestomach maturation in M. eugenii, there is a sudden and rapid loss of parietal cells, compared with the sharp increase in parietal cell numbers in the hindstomach region. This has provided a unique opportunity to study the development and regulation of parietal cell differentiation. A PCR‐based subtractive hybridization strategy was used to identify candidate genes involved in this phenomenon. This will allow us to dissect the molecular mechanisms that underpin regulation of parietal cell development and differentiation, which have been a difficult process to study and provide markers that can be used to study the evolutionary origin of these cells in vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:613–624, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Esophageal perforation as a complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Bhatia Nisha L. , Collins Joseph M. , Nguyen Cuong C. , Jaroszewski Dawn E. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Charles Joseph C.
Published: June 2008

Fifty years ago, esophageal perforation was common after rigid upper endoscopy. The arrival of flexible endoscopic instruments and refinement in technique have decreased its incidence; however, esophageal perforation remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This complication merits a high index of clinical suspicion to prevent sequelae of mediastinitis and fulminant sepsis. Although the risk of perforation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy alone is only 0.03%, this risk can increase to 17% with therapeutic interventions in the setting of underlying esophageal and systemic diseases. A wide spectrum of management options exist, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical intervention. Prompt recognition and management, within 24 hours of perforation, is critical for favorable outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:256–262. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Non–housestaff medicine services in academic centers: Models and challenges
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Shah Hiren M. , Parekh Vikas I. , Roy Christopher L. , Williams Mark V.
Published: June 2008

Non–housestaff medicine services are growing rapidly in academic medical centers (AMCs), partly driven by efforts to comply with resident duty hour restrictions. Hospitalists have emerged as a solution to providing these services given their commitment to delivering efficient and high‐quality care and the field's rapid growth. However, limited evidence is available on designing these services, including the similarities and differences of existing ones. We describe non–housestaff medicine services at 5 AMCs in order to share our experiences and outline important considerations in service development. We discuss common challenges in building and sustaining these models along with local institutional factors that affect decision making. Keys to success include ensuring an equitable system for scheduling and staffing, fostering opportunities for scholarly activities and academic promotion (defining the “academic hospitalist”), and providing compensation that supports recruitment and retention of hospitalists. With further work hour restrictions expected in the future and increased requests for surgical comanagement, the relationship between AMCs and hospitalists will continue to evolve. To succeed in developing hospitalist faculty who follow long careers in hospital medicine, academic leadership must carefully plan for and evaluate the methods of providing these clinical services while expanding on our academic mission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:247–255. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Cigarette smoking among health care workers at King Hussein Medical Center
Authors: El‐Khushman Haytham M. , Sharara Abdelmonem M. , Al‐Laham Yousif M. , Hijazi Manaf A.
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking among health care workers (HCWs) at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), the biggest tertiary‐care center in Jordan.

METHODS:

Data were collected using a self‐reported questionnaire on cigarette smoking distributed among 760 HCWs. Questions were designed to collect various demographic parameters and different aspects related to cigarette smoking.

RESULTS:

Six hundred HCWs returned the completed questionnaire. Responders were divided into 3 groups; physicians, 260 (43%); nurses, 250 (42%); and other HCWs, 90 (13%). Mean age (±SD) for the whole sample was 35.3 ± 6.9 years. Men constituted 52%. The overall prevalence of smoking was 65%. Fifty‐six percent of smokers smoked daily, with a mean consumption of 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was more common among men (82%) than women (47%). The 31‐ to 40‐year age group constituted nearly half the population studied; 58% of HCWs in this category were current smokers. In the physician group, the highest smoking rate was observed among family practitioners working in the emergency department (75%). Of the internists, 44% were current smokers. There was no statistical difference between the resident and specialist subgroups in this category (P = .45). All pulmonologists were nonsmokers, the second‐lowest smoking rate was seen in the dermatologist subgroup (10%). The women in the nursing group had a smoking rate of 17% compared with the 49% of the men in the nursing group who smoked. In the other HCW group, 70% smoked cigarettes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results showed a very high percentage of cigarette smoking among HCWs at KHMC. Smoking cessation programs should be introduced among Jordanian physicians. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:281–284. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Interactions of KLVFF‐PEG Peptide Conjugate with Fibrinogen in Neutral Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Castelletto Valeria , Newby Gemma E. , Hamley Ian W.
Published: June 2008

In this work we report on the interaction of KLVFF‐PEG with fibrinogen (Fbg) in neutral aqueous solutions at 20 °C, for particular ratios of KLVFF‐PEG to Fbg concentration, Δ = cKLVFF‐PEG/cFbg. Our results show the formation of Fbg/KLVFF‐PEG complexes for Δ > 0, such that there is not an extended network of complexes throughout the solution. In addition, cleaved protein and Fbg dimers are identified in the solution for Δ ≥ 0. There is a dramatic change in the tertiary structure of the Fbg upon KLVFF‐PEG binding, although the KLVFF‐PEG binds to the Fbg without affecting the secondary structure elements of the glycoprotein.

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Mechanistic Study of α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Polymerization by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Vayaboury Willy , Giani Olivia , Cottet Hervé , Bonaric Séverine , Schué François
Published: June 2008

Polymerizations of Nε‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride initiated by hexylamine were performed in N,N‐dimethylformamide with different monomer to initiator ratios and at different temperatures. Poly(Nε‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysine) samples were characterized by size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi‐angle laser light detection (SEC‐MALLS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). If SEC‐MALLS analysis emphasizes the double distribution in molecular weight, nonaqueous CE (NACE) brings additional quantitative information on the oligomeric distribution and on the distribution according to polymer functionality (end‐groups). At room temperature, two termination reactions were clearly identified for these polymerizations. The suppression of these side reactions is reported upon decreasing the reaction temperature to 0 °C. A strong reduction of the bimodal aspect of the molecular weight distribution was obtained with the addition of urea to the polymerization medium. The possibility of a living and controlled polymerization at 0 °C with urea was demonstrated and illustrated by the synthesis of two block copolypeptides.

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Self‐Hardening Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Weiss Pierre , Vinatier Claire , Sohier Jérôme , Fatimi Ahmed , Layrolle Pierre , Demais Valerie , Atmani Hassan , Basle Michel‐Félix , Guicheux Jérôme
Published: June 2008

Summary:We have developed a self‐reticulating polymer based on silanized hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Si‐HPMC). The aim of this study was to determine whether this Si‐HPMC hydrogel with or without calcium phosphate granules could represent a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

This study showed that Si‐HPMC hydrogel didn't affect SaOS‐2 and rat bone marrow cells viability. In addition, SaOS‐2 cells are able to proliferate within Si‐HPMC hydrogel containing or not calcium phosphate granules whereas Rat bone marrow cells proliferate only at the surface of calcium phosphate granules contained within Si‐HPMC hydrogel. Finally, SaOS‐2 cells seeded at the surface of reticulated Si‐HPMC were not able to penetrate the hydrogel, while J774, a macrophage cells line, were able to move into the Si‐HPMC hydrogel. These data indicate that Si‐HPMC is a promissing scaffold for tissue engineering.
Composite materials based on polydimethylsiloxane and in situ generated silica by using the sol–gel technique
Authors: Alexandru Mihaela , Cristea Mariana , Cazacu Maria , Ioanid Aurelia , Simionescu Bogdan C.
Published: June 2008

A polydimethylsiloxane‐α,ω‐diol with molar mass Mn = 43,000 has been synthesized by cationic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and reinforced with silica. Two pathways were used for incorporation of silica in the polymeric matrix: ex situ by mechanical blending of a pretreated fumed silica and in situ by adding tetraethyl‐orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursor in the polymer matrix followed by their hydrolysis and condensation (sol–gel technique). The procedure occurred in the absence of solvent. Composites with different contents of silica were prepared and investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were compared to those obtained on a model network based on the same polysiloxane without silica. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison of chitosan apatite composites synthesized by different methods
Authors: Geçer Aylin , Yıldız Nuray , Kavak Didem , Çalımlı Ayla
Published: June 2008

This article presents some results concerning chitosan apatite composites obtained by two different methods. First method is based on phosphorylation, calcification and soaking in different calcium phosphate growth media (1.5 × SBF (simulated body fluid), Ca‐PTris (calcium phosphorous tris) and the second method is based on mixing of calcium deficient apatite powder with a chitosan solution. This research is focused on studying and understanding the effect of using different methods on Ca:P ratio of composites. The Ca:P ratio of composites formed in 1.5 × SBF are closer to that of bone when compared with the Ca:P ratio of composites formed in Ca‐PTris solution and Ca:P ratio of composites formed by mixing of calcium deficient apatite powder with a chitosan solution. The Ca:P ratio of the composite (1.75) immersed in 1.5 × SBF for 35 day is similar to the theoretical value of hydroxyapatite (1.67) and equal to the theoretical value of human bone (1.75). POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant in gender from a naturally conceived pregnancy through postzygotic sex chromosome loss in a 47,XXY zygote
Authors: Zech Nicolas H. , Wisser Josef , Natalucci Giancarlo , Riegel Mariluce , Baumer Alessandra , Schinzel Albert
Published: June 2008

Objective

It is generally believed that monochorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancies result from one fertilized oocyte with both siblings having the same genotype and phenotype. In rare instances, due to somatic mutations or chromosome aberrations, the karyotypes and phenotypes of the two twins can differ.

Method

We report cytogenetic, molecular genetic and clinical examinations in monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant in gender.

Results

The monochorionic‐diamniotic status of the twins was diagnosed by ultrasound and histologic examination of the placenta. Prenatal chromosome examination performed on amniocytes revealed a normal female karyotype in one and a 46,XX(26)/46,XY(3) karyotype in the other twin. Molecular examinations confirmed monozygosity despite discordant sex. Based on the cytogenetic and molecular results of lymphocytes and placental cells, the only explanation for gender discordance was that the conceptus originally had a 47,XXY chromosome complement.

Conclusion

A 47,XXY zygote appears to have undergone a twinning process. A postzygotic loss of the X chromosome in some cells and the Y chromosome in other cells, either before or after twinning, resulted in 46,XX/46,XY mosaicism in both monozygotic (MZ) twins. The sex discordance of the MZ twins can be explained by different proportions of the 46,XX and 46,XY cell lines in the gonads and other tissues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐TB polyynes from the roots of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Deng Shixin , Wang Yuehong , Inui Taichi , Chen Shao‐Nong , Farnsworth Norman R. , Cho Sanghyun , Franzblau Scott G. , Pauli Guido F.
Published: June 2008

Following chemotaxonomic evidence, the PE and CHCl3 extracts of the roots of the botanical Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui) were investigated for in vitro anti‐TB activity, in parallel to studying their serotonergic and GABAergic potential. The activities were confirmed to overlap chemically with the neurotropic active principles present in medium lipophilic fractions. Phytochemical investigations led to the isolation of five polyynes: falcarindiol (1), 9Z,17‐octadecadiene‐12,14‐diyne‐1,11,16‐triol,1‐acetate (2), oplopandiol (3), heptadeca‐1‐ene‐9,10‐epoxy‐4,6‐diyne‐3,8‐diol (4) and the new polyyne 8‐hydroxy‐1‐methoxy‐(Z)‐9‐heptadecene‐4,6‐diyn‐3‐one (5), as characterized by spectroscopic techniques including 1D, 2D NMR and HR‐MS. All compounds were tested against two pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv and Erdman) in vitro in a microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). The most potent anti‐TB constituents were 1 and 2, exhibiting MIC values of 1.4–26.7 µg/mL; 3 showed moderate MICs (49.5 and 50.2 µg/mL, respectively) while 4 and 5 were weakly active (MIC > 60 µg/mL). Notably, none of the five compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Vero cells. These findings not only reveal a new potential area of therapeutic value for A. sinensis, but also underline the role of polyynes as anti‐TB active principles in ethnobotanical preparations, and as lead compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐snake venom properties of Schizolobium parahyba (Caesalpinoideae) aqueous leaves extract
Authors: Mendes Mirian M. , Oliveira Carolina F. , Lopes Daiana S. , Vale Luís Henrique F. , Alcântara Tânia M. , Izidoro Luiz Fernando M. , Hamaguchi Amélia , Homsi‐Brandeburgo Maria Inês , Soares Andreimar M. , Rodrigues Veridiana M.
Published: June 2008

Many medicinal plants have been recommended for the treatment of snakebites. The aqueous extracts prepared from the leaves of Schizolobium parahyba (a plant found in Mata Atlantica in Southeastern Brazil) were assayed for their ability to inhibit some enzymatic and biological activities induced by Bothrops pauloensis and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms as well as by their isolated toxins neuwiedase (metalloproteinase), BnSP‐7 (basic Lys49 PLA2) and CB (PLA2 from crotoxin complex). Phospholipase A2, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities induced by B. pauloensis and C. d. terrificus venoms, as well as by their isolated toxins were significantly inhibited when different amounts of S. parahyba were incubated previously with these venoms and toxins before assays. However, when S. parahyba was administered at the same route as the venoms or toxins injections, the tissue local damage, such as hemorrhage and myotoxicity was only partially inhibited. The study also evaluated the inhibitory effect of S. parahyba upon the spreading of venom proteins from the injected area into the systemic circulation. The neutralization of systemic alterations induced by i.m. injection of B. pauloensis venom was evaluated by measuring platelet and plasma fibrinogen levels which were significantly maintained when S. parahyba extract inoculation occurred at the same route after B. pauloensis venom injection. In conclusion, the observations confirmed that the aqueous extract of S. parahyba possesses potent snake venom neutralizing properties. It may be used as an alternative treatment to serum therapy and as a rich source of potential inhibitors of toxins involved in several physiopathological human and animal diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of phenolic compounds isolated from Rabdosia japonica on B16‐F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Nitoda Teruhiko , Isobe Takahiko , Kubo Isao
Published: June 2008

Pedalitin isolated from the aerial part of Rabdosia japonica (Labiatae), exhibited cytotoxicity against the murine B16‐F10 melanoma cell line with an IC50 of 30 µm (9.5 µg/mL). As the cells were cultured with this flavone, melanin production was not suppressed, but rather enhanced. Quercetin isolated from the same source exhibited similar activities, but rutin showed neither activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.