bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Weng Caihong , Peng Xiaowei , Han Yejun
Published: April 2021

Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic compound in nature, is an excellent feedstock for value-added bioproducts manufacturing; while the intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance of which hindered the efficient lignin biorefinery and utilization. Compared with chemical processing, bioprocessing with microbial and enzymatic catalysis is a clean and efficient method for lignin depolymerization and conversion. Generally, lignin bioprocessing involves lignin decomposition to lignin-based aromatics via extracellular microbial enzymes and further converted to value-added bioproducts through microbial metabolism. In the review, the most recent advances in degradation and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts catalyzed by microbes and enzymes were summarized. The lignin-degrading microorganisms of white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, soft-rot fungi, and bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were comparatively analyzed. The catalytic metabolism of the microbial lignin-degrading enzymes of laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, biphenyl bond cleavage enzyme, versatile peroxidase, and β-etherize was discussed. The microbial metabolic process of H-lignin, G-lignin, S-lignin based derivatives, protocatechuic acid, and catechol was reviewed. Lignin was depolymerized to lignin-derived aromatic compounds by the secreted enzymes of fungi and bacteria, and the aromatics were converted to value-added compounds through microbial catalysis and metabolic engineering. The review also proposes new insights for future work to overcome the recalcitrance of lignin and convert it to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis.
Pituitary thyrotoxicosis presenting as abnormal thyroid function testing during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Jackson David George , Parker John , Cummings Thomas
Published: April 2021

Background

Central hyperthyroidism is a rare form of hyperthyroidism caused by thyrotrope pituitary adenomas. It is characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone alongside high thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Goiter is the most common symptom of central hyperthyroidism. Surgical resection as well as somatostatin analog therapy typically achieve resolution of hyperthyroid symptoms and restoration of a euthyroid state.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 30-year-old primigravida Caucasian/White female who presented with abnormal thyroid function testing results and multinodular goiter during pregnancy. Postpartum, she was found to have multinodular goiter on physical examination as well as persistent elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone with elevated free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a large pituitary macroadenoma, and she subsequently underwent resection of the mass. She achieved a sustained euthyroid state postoperatively.

Conclusions

This case shows how central hyperthyroidism can present without the more apparent symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and that successful resolution of central hyperthyroidism may be achieved postoperatively.
Pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect and left pulmonary artery discontinuity: a case report
Authors: Cha Hyun-Hwa , Kim Hae Min , Seong Won Joon
Published: April 2021

Background

Unilateral pulmonary artery discontinuity is a rare malformation that is associated with other intracardiac abnormalities. Cases accompanied by other cardiac abnormalities are often missed on prenatal echocardiography. The prenatal diagnosis of isolated unilateral pulmonary artery discontinuity can also be delayed. However, undiagnosed this malformation would have an effect on further prognosis. We report our case of a prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and left pulmonary artery discontinuity.

Case presentation

A 33-year-old Asian woman visited our institution at 24 weeks of gestation because of suspected fetal congenital heart disease. Fetal echocardiography revealed a small atretic main pulmonary artery giving rise to the right pulmonary artery without bifurcation and the left pulmonary artery arising from the ductus arteriosus originating from the left subclavian artery. The neonate was delivered by cesarean section at 376/7 weeks of gestation. Postnatal echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography showed a right aortic arch, with the small right pulmonary artery originating from the atretic main pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery originating from the left subclavian artery. Patency of the ductus arteriosus from the left subclavian artery was maintained with prostaglandin E1. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction and pulmonary angioplasty with Gore-Tex graft patch was performed 25th day after birth. Unfortunately, the neonate died because of right heart failure 8 days postoperation.

Conclusion

There is a possibility that both pulmonary arteries do not arise from the same great artery (main pulmonary artery or common arterial trunk). Therefore, clinicians should check the origin of both pulmonary arteries.
Validation of a search strategy for randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis
Authors: Lyrio Amanda Oliveira , da Cruz Simone Seixas , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Silveira Viviane Seixas Silva , Souza Elivan Silva , Batista Josicélia Estrela Tuy , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Pereira Mauricio Gomes
Published: April 2021

Background

Systematic reviews, considered the gold standard for the assessment of scientific evidence, may present conflicting findings for the same clinical issue, and such dissent may be justified by the forms of elaboration of the electronic search strategy. This paper aims to validate a search strategy to identify randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis. A gold standard reference set was developed to validate the identified clinical trials using the relative recall method. The choice of periodontitis is due to the fact that this disease has a high prevalence among chronic non-communicable diseases, is considered the second most common oral disease in the world, is associated with several health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and, principally, has not been investigated sufficiently to prevent possible damages resulting from it.

Methods

A validation study was developed in MEDLINE/PubMed. In Stage 1, a methodological filter recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration to identify randomized clinical trials was applied. Stage 2 identified articles related only to periodontitis (gold standard reference set) from among the articles retrieved using the eligibility criteria. In Stage 3, a search statement for the retrieval of periodontitis-related articles was elaborated by experts. Stage 4 defined the proposed search strategy comprising of the combination of the search statement developed with the aforementioned methodological filter and subsequent application in MEDLINE/PubMed. The obtained data were analyzed using the set of articles identified in Stage 2, as the gold standard reference set. The following performance values were calculated - sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and number needed to read - with their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Results

The search strategy under evaluation compared to the gold-standard showed a sensitivity of 93.2% (95%CI, 83.8–97.3), specificity of 99.9% (95%CI 99.8–99.9), and a precision of 77.5% (95%CI, 66.48–85.63). In addition, the number needed to read was 1.3.

Conclusion

According to the proposed methodological approach, the search strategy under evaluation performed well in the identification of randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis.
Birds as seed dispersers in deserts: suggestions from the ground-jays
Authors: Londei Tiziano
Published: April 2021

The study of seed dispersal, biotic seed dispersal, and even less, the role of birds in it, have been almost neglected in deserts. Virtually absent from the literature on seed dispersal are the ground-jays, genusPodoces, four species of the crow family that inhabit arid environments, even true deserts, from Iran to Mongolia. Although they are omnivorous, they seem to mainly depend on the seeds of desert plants during the cold season. There are suggestions in sparse literature that they may contribute to seed dispersal similarly to several corvid species of other climates, by caching seeds in useful microsites to save them for later consumption and thus actually favoring the germination of the seeds they fail to recover. Future research might benefit from comparison with the vast literature on their better-known seed-caching relatives. This paper is aimed at providing basic information on each ground-jay species and some suggestions for investigating their likely symbiosis with desert plants, with possible applications to the maintenance and restoration of vegetation in a very extended arid zone.
g versus c: comparing individual and collective intelligence across two meta-analyses
Authors: Rowe Luke I. , Hattie John , Hester Robert
Published: April 2021

Collective intelligence (CI) is said to manifest in a group’s domain general mental ability. It can be measured across a battery of group IQ tests and statistically reduced to a latent factor called the “c-factor.” Advocates have found thec-factor predicts group performance better than individual IQ. We test this claim by meta-analyzing correlations between thec-factor and nine group performance criterion tasks generated by eight independent samples (N = 857 groups). Results indicated a moderate correlation,r, of .26 (95% CI .10, .40). All but four studies comprising five independent samples (N = 366 groups) failed to control for the intelligence of individual members using individual IQ scores or their statistically reduced equivalent (i.e., theg-factor). A meta-analysis of this subset of studies found the average IQ of the groups’ members had little to no correlation with group performance (r = .06, 95% CI −.08, .20). Around 80% of studies did not have enough statistical power to reliably detect correlations between the primary predictor variables and the criterion tasks. Though some of our findings are consistent with claims that a general factor of group performance may exist and relate positively to group performance, limitations suggest alternative explanations cannot be dismissed. We caution against prematurely embracing notions of thec-factor unless it can be independently and robustly replicated and demonstrated to be incrementally valid beyond theg-factor in group performance contexts.
Stress analysis using direct-S wavelets produced by a vertical vibrator
Authors: Hardage Bob A. , Van Dok Richard , Kelley Mark
Published: April 2021

We have determined how to extract the azimuth of maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in deep rocks by doing a simple 360° mathematical rotation of a downgoing direct-S wavelet generated at the baseplate of a surface-based vertical vibrator. We worked with direct-S wavelets that travel through stressed rocks to a deep horizontal vertical seismic profile (VSP) geophone. We find that the azimuth where a polarity reversal occurs in mathematical rotations of this downgoing direct-S wavelet defines the azimuth of the SHmax in the overlying rocks. We tested this direct-S wavelet rotation method for determining the SHmax azimuth at a site in the Illinois Basin using legacy VSP data acquired in 2013. SHmax azimuths indicated by this simple wavelet-rotation method were determined when vertical vibrators were stationed at zero offset, at far offset, and at different azimuths around a VSP receiver well. These VSP-based SHmax azimuths agreed with the azimuth of the SHmax found by traditional minifrac tests in the VSP receiver well. This simple VSP data analysis procedure for detecting the azimuth of maximum horizontal stress has never, to our knowledge, been reported or discussed in the geophysical literature. This technical finding should be of interest to the worldwide geophysical community, especially to people who need to monitor how stress fields shift when fluids are injected into, or extracted from, deep porous reservoirs.
Validation of the generic names Meira and Acaromyces and nineteen species names of basidiomycetous yeasts
Authors:   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Denchev Cvetomir M. , Denchev Teodor T. ,   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Two generic names, Meira and Acaromyces, and nineteen species names of basidiomycetous yeasts, earlier proposed and invalidly published, are validated.
Digital media and domestic violence in Australia: essential contexts
Authors: Dragiewicz Molly , Harris Bridget , Woodlock Delanie , Salter Michael
Published: April 2021

Domestic violence is a pervasive social problem in Australia. Digital media are increasingly integral to its dynamics. Technology-facilitated coercive control (TFCC) is a form of gender-based violence. This article examines domestic violence survivors’ experiences with TFCC, drawing on interviews with 20 Australian women. Study results enhance understanding of how abusers use digital media. We highlight four key contexts for understanding the role of technology in domestic violence: the coercive and controlling relationship, separation abuse, co-parenting and survivors’ safety work. These contexts provide insight into the dynamics of TFCC and illuminate key differences between this and other forms of online abuse.
Compressive temporal imaging using a rolling shutter camera array
Authors: Guzmán Felipe , Meza Pablo , Vera Esteban
Published: April 2021

In this work, we present a novel camera array that exploits the electronic rolling shutter to achieve high speed compressive temporal imaging. Traditional compressive temporal imaging makes use of mechanical coded apertures, despite implementation and calibration challenges. Instead, we propose to model the inherent spatial and temporal coding provided by the distinctive rolling shutter sampling from each camera of the array as a compressive temporal imaging system matrix. Thus, we can recover a high speed video from a set of snapshots from the camera array by using compressive sensing reconstruction algorithms. We present both simulation and experimental results for a 4-camera array system with different orientation angles, reconstructing up to 56 high-speed sub-frames from a set of simultaneously triggered snapshots from the array, achieving a compression rate of up to 14X.
Profile-based intensity and frequency corrections for single-snapshot spatial frequency domain imaging
Authors: Dan Mai , Liu Meihui , Bai Wenxing , Gao Feng
Published: April 2021

We have proposed the profile-based intensity and frequency corrections for single-snapshot spatial frequency domain (SFD) imaging to mitigate surface profile effects on the measured intensity and spatial frequency in extracting the optical properties. In the scheme, the spatially modulated frequency of the projected sinusoidal pattern is adaptively adjusted according to the sample surface profile, reducing distortions of the modulation amplitude in the single-snapshot demodulation and errors in the optical property extraction. The profile effects on both the measured intensities of light incident onto and reflected from the sample are then compensated using Minnaert’s correction to obtain the true diffuse reflectance of the sample. We have validated the method by phantom experiments using a highly sensitive SFD imaging system based on the single-pixel photon-counting detection and assessed error reductions in extracting the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients by an average of 40% and 10%, respectively. Further, an in vivo topography experiment of the opisthenar vessels has demonstrated its clinical feasibility.
Light transport with weak angular dependence in fog
Authors: Bentz Brian Z. , Redman Brian J. , van der Laan John D. , Westlake Karl , Glen Andrew , Sanchez Andres L. , Wright Jeremy B.
Published: April 2021

Random scattering and absorption of light by tiny particles in aerosols, like fog, reduce situational awareness and cause unacceptable down-time for critical systems or operations. Computationally efficient light transport models are desired for computational imaging to improve remote sensing capabilities in degraded optical environments. To this end, we have developed a model based on a weak angular dependence approximation to the Boltzmann or radiative transfer equation that appears to be applicable in both the moderate and highly scattering regimes, thereby covering the applicability domain of both the small angle and diffusion approximations. An analytic solution was derived and validated using experimental data acquired at the Sandia National Laboratory Fog Chamber facility. The evolution of the fog particle density and size distribution were measured and used to determine macroscopic absorption and scattering properties using Mie theory. A three-band (0.532, 1.55, and 9.68 µm) transmissometer with lock-in amplifiers enabled changes in fog density of over an order of magnitude to be measured due to the increased transmission at higher wavelengths, covering both the moderate and highly scattering regimes. The meteorological optical range parameter is shown to be about 0.6 times the transport mean free path length, suggesting an improved physical interpretation of this parameter.
Ultraviolet remote sensing of marine oil spills: a new approach of Haiyang-1C satellite
Authors: Suo Ziyi , Lu Yingcheng , Liu Jianqiang , Ding Jing , Yin Dayi , Xu Feifei , Jiao Junnan
Published: April 2021

Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) is the first operational ocean color satellite of China, which is intended to obtain daily global ocean color data. The Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) onboard provides a potential novel detector for the detection of marine oil spills. Although airborne UV sensors have shown great efficiency for the detection of spilled oils, the capability of spaceborne UV sensor is not yet clear. In this study, we designed a ground-based experiment to interpret the UV characteristics of various weathered oils, and found that very thin oil films are quite sensitive to the UV radiation due to the surface interference light. Moreover, by comparing spaceborne and airborne UV images of spilled oils collected from HY-1C UVI and AVIRIS, the scale effect of ultraviolet remote sensing has been interpreted clearly. The interference light and sunglint reflection play different roles in the imaging process of spilled oils, leading them to appear radical different features (brighter or darker than the background oil-free seawater) in ground, airborne and spaceborne observation, which deserves further research. Ultraviolet remote sensing, therefore, can work as a new approach and improve the detection and monitoring of marine oil spills.
“Deviant” Psychosis: An Exploration of the Production and Consumption of Queer and Transgender Women in the Films of Brian De Palma
Authors: Lawson Sam
Published: April 2021

This article provides a critical analysis of three films by filmmaker Brian De Palma: Dressed to Kill (1980), The Black Dahlia (2006), and Passion (2012). De Palma uses both the thematic tropes of film noir (psychosis, sexual deviance, doubling, etc.) and its stylistic conventions (chiaroscuro lighting, urban environments, etc.) to capitalize on the LGBTQ+ community, using them to create a spectacle of difference for his viewing audience. De Palma panders primarily to heterosexual spectators by using LGBTQ+ women to entertain/titillate audiences via the conventions of noir, thereby suggesting that these women are intrinsically tied to mental illness as a result of their sexual deviance. The analysis of Dressed to Kill will focus on issues of transgender representation, whereas the analyses of The Black Dahlia and Passion will address the representation of lesbianism/bisexuality.
Bad Film Histories: Ethnography and the Early Archive, Katherine Groo (2019)
Authors: Lipkin Ben
Published: April 2021

Review of: Bad Film Histories: Ethnography and the Early Archive, Katherine Groo (2019)

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 376pp.,

ISBN 9781517900335 (pbk), $28.00,

ISBN 9781517900328 (hbk), $112.00
The City in American Cinema: Film and Postindustrial Culture, Johan Andersson and Lawrence Webb, eds. (2019)
Authors: Ekaterina Anya
Published: April 2021

Review of: The City in American Cinema: Film and Postindustrial Culture, Johan Andersson and Lawrence Webb, eds. (2019)

London: Bloomsbury Academic, 400pp.,

ISBN: 9781788313186 (hbk), $115.00
Eastern Approaches to Western Film: Asian Reception and Aesthetics in Cinema, Stephen Teo (2019)
Authors: Watts Tylen
Published: April 2021

Review of: Eastern Approaches to Western Film: Asian Reception and Aesthetics in Cinema, Stephen Teo (2019)

London: Bloomsbury Academic, 285pp.,

ISBN: 9781784539825 (hbk), $115.00,

ISBN: 9781350113312 (epdf), $35.95,

ISBN: 9781350113305 (ebk), $35.95
John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum (2019)
Authors: Husak Jason
Published: April 2021

USA

Director Chad Stahelski

Runtime 131 minutes

Warning: Review contains mild spoilers for John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum based only on trailers and promotional materials.
Wanda (1970)
Authors: Barzanji Arta
Published: April 2021

USA

Director Barbara Loden

Runtime 103 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2019

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A/1)
The Virgin Suicides (1999) in Ten Frames
Authors: Ekaterina Anya , Kernan Jessica , Schaller’s August U. , Standridge Anna Nicole , Watts Tylen , Williford Andrew Steven
Published: April 2021

The Virgin Suicides (1999)

USA

Director Sofia Coppola

Runtime 97 minutes

 

Blu-ray

USA, 2018

Produced and Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A/1)
I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978)
Authors: Sprouse Miranda A.
Published: April 2021

USA

Director Robert Zemeckis

Runtime 99 minutes

 

Blu-ray

USA, 2019

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A/1)
Evaluating the ASTM C944 Rotating Cutters Method for Determining the Abrasion Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Abdel-Hafez Ali E. , Hussein Amgad A. , Bruneau Stephen
Published: April 2021

Abrasion damage is a concern for some types of structures, and the need for proper quantification of it is essential. This research is intended to provide an evaluation for ASTM C944/C944M-19, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method, (rotating cutters method) to assess concrete abrasion resistance. The current investigation involves analysis of the interaction between the cutters and the test specimen and the interpretation of the test results. Such details are important so that the test results could be repeatable, reproducible, and always interpreted in the same fashion. Sources that influence the test inaccuracy were studied to quantify its effects on the test results. In the first instance, the characteristics of the resulted abraded area and its effect on the depth measurement strategy were clarified. Then, the evaluation of abrasion depth using different approaches were investigated. In addition, the effect of the concrete tested surface nature (formed, finished, and cut) was examined. The examined points are believed to be the sources of test high variability. A mitigation of this variability was provided by addressing and analyzing them so it can be avoided in future evaluation. The results indicated that by correctly identifying the characteristics of the abraded patterns and by using a suitable measurement approach, less variability in the average abrasion depth was obtained. In addition, it was noted that using different depth measurement methods could lead to different abrasion depths results. Also, it was found that the tested surface characteristics could highly affect the abrasion test results.
Triaxial Testing and Numerical Simulation on High Fill Slopes of Gobi Gravel Soils in Urumchi
Authors: Wan Xing , Ding Jianwen , Ou Yanyuxin , Mou Cong , Ding Cheng
Published: April 2021

Gobi gravel soils (GGS), widely distributed in northwestern China, are used as main filling materials in construction of high filling slopes in Urumqi airport. To analyze the stability of slopes, the shear strength of the granular materials should be investigated. To this end, a series of large-scale triaxial tests were performed on GGS to investigate the influencing factors on their mechanical behavior, including coarse content, degree of compaction, and confining pressure. The results show that the stress-strain curves show strain-hardening behavior within 90 % coarse content. The specimens show a transition from shear contraction to shear dilation with increasing coarse fraction and degree of compaction; they show contraction with an increase of confining pressure. The interlocking strength is significantly affected by the degree of compaction and coarse content, whereas the frictional angle changes within a narrow range from 35° to 40°. Based on testing results, the stability of the filling slopes was simulated using limit equilibrium method. The effect of the slope angle and geotextiles on the safety factor is discussed, through which the optimum slope angle and optimum geotextiles reinforcement are determined.
Corrosion Behavior of Surface Nanostructured IN718 Superalloy at 650°C
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Chattopadhyay K. , Alam Z. , Singh Vakil , Satyanarayana D. V. V. , Kumar Vikas
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the process of ultrasonic shot peening (USP) was adopted for developing nanostructures with a grain size of 62 ± 10 nm on the surface of the alloy IN718. The effect of nanostructures was investigated on high-temperature corrosion behavior under cyclic exposure at 650°C for 100 h in different salty environments (weight percent): 100NaCl (T1), 75Na2SO4 + 25NaCl (T2), and 90Na2SO4 + 5NaCl + 5V2O5 (T3). A near parabolic rate law was observed in both non-treated and treated conditions; however, the parabolic rate constant (kp) was reduced for the USP-treated specimens coated with Salt T1 and Salt Mixtures T2 and T3 by nearly 41 %, 52 %, and 50 %, respectively, with respect to the non-treated specimens. Several oxides and spinels such as TiO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cr2O3, FeVO4, NbO2, NiFe2O4, NiCr2O4, NiVO3, FeNbO4, FeCr2O4, Na2Cr2O7, and Cr2(MoO4)3 and sulfides NiS and FeS and chlorides CrCl3 and NiCl2 were observed in both treated as well as non-treated samples.
DIETARY HABITS AND BODY MASS INDEX BETWEEN ATHLETES AND NONATHLETES OF UiTM
Authors: Mohd Elias Siti Soraya , Mohamad Rizal Intan Nursyazanie
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the dietary habits and Body Mass Index (BMI) between student-athletes and non-student athletes in UiTM (Universiti Teknologi MARA), as well as to study the relationship between their dietary habits and BMI. Dietary habits are the habitual decisions of the individual regarding what foods they eat, while BMI is one of the widely used tools to identify the nutritional status of the individual. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Respondents’ body weight and height were self-measured, and respondents provide the data in the demographic section. Dietary habits questionnaire comprised of 18 questions, including the frequency of food intake from every section of the food pyramid, snack, fast food, vitamin and mineral supplements, breakfast, beverages intake and meal skipping. The result showed the mean dietary habits score of student-athletes were significantly (p <0.01) higher than non-student athletes. This could indicate the awareness of the student-athlete to practice a good dietary habit for them to enhance their sports performance. Regarding BMI, majority of the respondents from both student-athletes (62%) and non-student athletes (70%) were in the normal weight BMI category, and no significant difference was found in both groups. In addition, present study found no significant relationship between dietary habits and BMI for both student-athletes (r-value =  – 0.093, p = 0.359) and non-student athletes’ (r-value = – 0.037, p = 0.713) groups, showing that dietary habits of the respondents does not correlate with their BMI. Although no significant association were found, normal BMI category and appropriate dietary habits are essential to be practised by everyone irrespective athletes or nonathletes, and this is to ensure a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk of getting the non-communicable disease.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SKILL RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM OF CHINESE YOUNG MALE TENNIS PLAYERS
Authors: Wensheng Xiao , Geok Soh Kim , Norjali Wazir Mohd Rozilee Wazir , Mohd Nasiruddin Nasnoor Juzaily , Xiaorong Bai
Published: April 2021

The skill-related physical fitness evaluation index system is an important reference basis for evaluating the competitive level of tennis players. At present, there are few studies on the skill-related physical fitness evaluation index system of Chinese young male tennis players. Based on the characteristics of tennis events and the sensitive period of the development of young tennis players skill-related physical fitness variables, this study uses literature methods, Delphi method and other research methods to construct an evaluation index system for Chinese young male tennis players skills related physical fitness. The results show that: Chinese young male tennis players skill-related physical fitness includes six first-level indicators including speed, strength, endurance, agility, flexibility, and power, 11 second-level indicators such as aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, upper body power, and lower body power, etc. 16 third-level indicators such as the hexagon test, beep test, sit and reach, etc.
A invisibilidade da mulher negra na Ciência: uma análise a partir de livros didáticos de Ciências e Biologia
Authors: Elias Marcelo , Pereira Ana Caroline de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

A perpetuação do discurso racista e machista na sociedade atual tem influência em todas as áreas e, em especial, na área científica. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a presença de mulheres negras na história da Ciência, por meio da análise de duas coleções de livros didáticos de Ciência e Biologia. Os livros de Ciências e Biologia analisados foram os do último programa Nacional de livro didático (PNLD), adotados por escolas do município de Cruzeiro do Oeste (PR). Os resultados demonstraram a ausência de relatos sobre a presença de mulheres negras da Ciência. Por fim, com a finalidade de instrumentalização para o ensino na Educação Básica, o presente estudo apresenta uma relação de cientistas negras nas mais diferentes áreas das Ciências Biológicas.
Empréstimo bancário: uma proposta de ensino à luz da Pesquisa Baseada em Design
Authors: Ritter Denise , Fusiger Josiele Maria , Xavier Patricia Cristiane da Cunha , Pigatto Aline Grohe Schirmer , Bisognin Eleni
Published: April 2021

O estudo utiliza a abordagem da Pesquisa Baseada em Design (PBD) e tem por objetivo investigar as potencialidades de uma sequência de atividades que explora o Regime de Capitalização Composta para Empréstimos. Foi aplicada na disciplina de Matemática Financeira com estudantes do curso de Bacharelado em Administração. O trabalho foi estruturado de acordo com as fases da PBD propostas por Reeves (2000), quais sejam: análise do problema educativo; elaboração do artefato pedagógico; intervenção; e, avaliação e reflexão para um redesign do processo. Na primeira fase foi realizada a análise do Projeto Pedagógico do curso de Administração, das Diretrizes da lei 9.394/96 e também dos trabalhos que tratam do ensino de Matemática Financeira; na segunda fase ocorreu a elaboração do artefato pedagógico; na terceira fase, a sequência foi aplicada e na quarta fase foram analisados o artefato e a proposta como um todo vislumbrando o redesign. Pode-se observar que as atividades propostas contribuíram para reflexão dos estudantes sobre a Educação Financeira a partir das aplicações do conteúdo em situações reais da vida cotidiana.
Percursos profissionais de cientistas e professores de Ciências
Authors: Lima Junior Paulo
Published: April 2021

Editorial V5N3
Emotional regulation in eating disorders and gambling disorder: A transdiagnostic approach
Authors: Munguía Lucero , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Baenas Isabel , Agüera Zaida , Sánchez Isabel , Codina Ester , del Pino-Gutiérrez Amparo , Testa Giulia , Treasure Janet , Fernández-Aranda Fernando
Published: April 2021

Background and aims

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (ER) are related to the etiology and maintenance of several psychological disorders, including Eating Disorders (ED) and Gambling Disorder (GD). This study explored the existence of latent empirical groups between both disorders, based on ER difficulties and considering a set of indicators of personality traits, the severity of the disorder, and psychopathological distress.

Methods

The sample included 1,288 female and male participants, diagnosed with ED (n = 906) and GD (n = 382). Two-step clustering was used for the empirical classification, while analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for the comparison between the latent groups.

Results

Three empirical groups were identified, from the most disturbed ER profile (Subgroup 1) to the most functional (Subgroup 3). The ER state showed a linear relationship with the severity of each disorder and the psychopathological state. Different personality traits were found to be related to the level of emotion dysregulation.

Discussion and conclusion

In this study, three distinct empirical groups based on ER were identified across ED and GD, suggesting that ER is a transdiagnostic construct. These findings may lead to the development of common treatment strategies and more tailored approaches.
MICHAEL SANDEL’İN PİYASA TOPLUMU ELEŞTİRİSİ VE İKTİSADİ ADALET ARAYIŞI
Authors: ÇAMLI Ahmet Yavuz
Published: April 2021

Modern kapitalizmi içselleştiren toplumlarda aşırı servet birikimi ve zenginleşmenin görüldüğü bir gerçektir. Diğer yandan bu süreç toplumsal alanda kapanmaz uçurumlar meydana getirir. Modern kapitalizm ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik ederken insanın özne konumunda büyük yaralar açar. Zenginleşme uğruna insanın bir meta gibi görülüp araçsallaştırılması bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan psiko-patolojik sorunlar yumağını ortaya çıkarır. Bu durum sosyo-kültürel alanda baskı ve tahribata yol açar. Ekonomik ve politik sistem nüfuzunu geniş ölçüde arttırır. Böyle bir ortamda Batılı birey derin bir anlam kaybına maruz kalır. Micheal Sandel, bu olumsuz özellikleri kapsayan günümüz kapitalist toplumunu “piyasa toplumu” olarak tanımlar. Bu çalışmada Sandel’in piyasa toplumunu eleştirerek iktisadi adalete ulaşma çabası araştırılacaktır. Batı dünyasında büyük üne kavuşan Harvardlı profesörün özellikle iktisadi adalete dair görüşleri hakkında akademik camiamızda yapılan çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Sandel’in yaklaşımı, serbest piyasa sisteminin bugün geldiği son noktayı vurgulaması açısından önemlidir. Araştırmalara göre Sandel piyasa toplumunda, insan da dahil olmak üzere her değerin metalaştığını ifade eder. O, ekonomi ve ahlak arasındaki derin ayrılığa dikkat çeker. Onun iktisadi adalete dair görüşlerinin aktarılması nihayetinde kendi toplumumuz açısından dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar içerir.
SUPERVISION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH MINING LEGISLATION
Authors: YILDIZ Taşkın Deniz , MARAL Murat
Published: April 2021

Various supervision systems have been applied in the Mining Law and related regulations in legislative development in order to ensure the control of mining areas in terms of occupational health and safety (OHS). In a mining enterprise, mining operation activities cannot be carried out without assigning a supervisor. In Turkey, some changes have been made regarding the supervision system and its applications in the development of legislation. Considering the experience of such fundamental changes, it would be beneficial to evaluate the legislation not only by lawmakers but also from the eyes of supervisors who are responsible for the supervision and oversight of mining operations. In this study, from the Land Law dated 1858 until today, the change of practices on different subjects that provide and affect safety and control in mining operations, such as the system of supervision, the condition of appointing a supervisor, the number of supervisors per worker in the mining operation, the condition of having at least one supervisor in each mining operation, was analyzed. In addition, whether the supervisor is obliged to be permanent at work and the maximum number of mining licenses that can be taken under the responsibility of supervision are also included in the analysis. Then, the presence of frequent changes in mining legislation and other problems in this regard was determined through the eyes of the supervisors, and the supervision system that the supervisors wanted to be implemented was analyzed.
İRAN DEVRİM MUHAFIZLARI: İran’ın siyasi düalizminde yeri ve etkisi nedir?
Authors: KOCA Nazlı
Published: April 2021

Modern İran Ordusu’nun temelleri Kaçar Hanedanlığı döneminde 1920’lerde atılmakla birlikte, 1979 İran İslam Devrimi’ne kadar Şah rejimi altında iktidarın meşru koruyucusu oldu. İslam Devrimi sonrası ise, Humeyni tarafından geleneksel İran Ordusu’nun (Arteş) devrimin temellerini koruyamayacağı inancıyla, Devrim Muhafızları Ordusu adlı silahlı kuvvetler oluşturuldu. İktidarın temel askeri gücü olan Devrim Muhafızları, 1990’lar boyunca pragmatist Rafsancani’nin Cumhurbaşkanlığıyla birlikte neoliberal ekonomiye eklemlenmeye çalışan İran’da siyasi ve ekonomik olarak güçlendiler. Son olarak da 2005’te iktidara gelen Ahmedinecad Hükümeti ile birlikte de ülkede en güçlü ekonomik yapı olarak, siyasette de etkinlik alanlarını genişlettiler. Bu çalışmada, İran Devrim Muhafızlarının İran’da siyasi ve ekonomik alanda zamanla güçlenmesiyle birlikte İran’ın kendine özgü siyasi düalizme dayalı zemininde giderek başat konuma geldiği ve karar alım süreçlerinde en yetkili güç olduğu tartışılmıştır.
MODERN BİREYİN BENCİLLİĞİ VE AÇGÖZLÜLÜĞÜ: Faust Ekseninde Bir Edebiyat Sosyolojisi Analizi
Authors: ANIK Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, modern dünya edebiyatının başyapıtlarından biri olan Goethe’nin Faust eseri çerçevesinde, modern bireyin bencilliği ve açgözlülüğü ile ilgili analizlerde bulunmaktır. Eserin analizi için nitel araştırma tekniklerinden biri olan içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle çalışmanın giriş kısmında, modernitenin birey tasarımı ve bunun bencillik ve açgözlülük ile ilişkisi üzerinde kısaca durulmuş, akabinde modern bireyin sanat alanında dışavurumcu inşasında öncü rolü olan Goethe üzerinde durulmuş ve son olarak da Faust eseri, modern bireyin bencilliği ve açgözlülüğü çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. 60 yılı aşkın bir yazım sürecinin (1770-1831) ürünü olan Faust, manzum bir tragedya olarak, Faust’un hayatı temelinde modern bireyin dramını anlatır. Mefisto’ya ruhunu satan Faust’un en belirgin özelliklerinde biri, sahip olduğu arzuları gerçekleştirme doğrultusunda bencil ve aç gözlü bir birey olması ve bu durumun pek çok yıkım ve ölüme sebep olmasıdır. Bu durum aynı zamanda modern bireyin gelişim sorununa işaret etmektedir. Goethe’ye göre, kendini gerçekleştirme noktasında, doğayla tamamen bütünleşmek ve içsel sese kulak vermek, bireysel benliğin gelişimi açısından en doğru yol olarak gözükmektedir.
İKTİDAR VE AŞK: CİHANGİR ŞAH’IN NUR CİHAN BEGÜM’E OLAN AŞKININ TÜZİK-İ CİHANGİRİ’DEKİ YANSIMALARI
Authors: KUŞ BÜYÜKTAŞ Canan , KARATAŞ YOZGAT Sevilay
Published: April 2021

Babürlü hükümdarı Cihangir Şah’ın (1605-1627) eşi olan Nur Cihan’ın asıl adı Mihrünnisâ olup, 1577’de Kandehar’da doğmuştur. Babası Mirza Gıyas (Gıyâseddin et-Tahrânî), Annesi ise Asmat Begüm’dür. Nur Cihan’ın Cihangir Şah’tan önceki eşi olan Ali Kulu (Şir Afgan Bey), Bengal Burduran’da cagirdarlık yaparken Cihangir Şah’ın süt kardeşini öldürdüğü için, 1607’de öldürülmüştür. Bu süreçten sonra Mihrünnisa, kızı Ladili Begüm ile Agra’ya gönderilmiş ve bir süre tutsak kalmıştır. Daha sonra Saray’da Cihangir Şah’ın üvey annesi Sultan Begüm’ün hizmetine giren Mihrünnisa’nın 1611 yılı Nevruz kutlamaları sırasında Cihangirin onu görüp âşık olmasıyla hayatı değişmiştir. Mihrünnisa, artık padişahın eşi olmuştur. Onun adı önce Nur Mahal sonra da Nur Cihan olarak değişmiştir. Bu gelişmelerden sonra Nur Cihan’ın babası Mirza Gıyas, divan (vezir) ve saltanat vekilliği makamına, akrabaları da çeşitli devlet işlerine getirilmiştir. Nur Cihan, güzelliği, zekâsı ve yeteneği ile Babürlü hükümdarı Cihangir Şah’ı kısa sürede etkilemeyi başarmıştır. Öyle ki, Cihangir Şah, Nur Cihan Begüm’ün adına pençe (tuğra) yaptırmış ve para bastırmıştır. Bu durum Nur Cihan’ın ferman çıkarma ve emir verme hakkını doğurmuştur. Ayrıca Cihangir Şah’ın Tüzik-i Cihangiri (Cihangirname)’de kullandığı ifadelere bakıldığında, Nur Cihan Begüm’e ne denli kıymet verdiği açıkça anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bilgilerden yola çıkarak bu çalışmanın amacı; Cihangir Şah ve Nur Cihan Begüm arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyip irdelemektir. Ayrıca Tüzük-i Cihangiri ışığında Nur Cihan Begüm’ün özelde Cihangir Şah’ın hayatındaki; genelde ise Babürlü Devleti’nin siyasi arenasındaki yeri ve önemini tespit etmektir. Çalışmada, Tüzük-i Cihangiri (Cihangirname) adlı eser merkezde olmakla birlikte konuya ilişkin zengin bilgiler içeren Ekbername ve Maasiru’l-Umerâ gibi diğer ana kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Babürlü tarihi araştırmalarına yönelik güncel literatürden de faydalanılmıştır.
ALÂEDDİN HÜSEYİN CİHANSÛZ’UN GAZNE ŞEHRİNİ İSTİLASI
Authors: ÖNTÜRK Vural
Published: April 2021

Afganistan ile Herat arasındaki dağlık bölgede hüküm süren Gurlular (552-612/1157-1216), bağımsız ve müstakil bir devlet haline geldikleri zamana kadar Gazneliler Devleti’nin (352-582/963-1186) tabiiyeti altında kalmışlardır. Gazneli hükümdarı Sebüktegin’den (366-387/977-997) başlamak üzere Sultan Mahmud (388-421/998-1030), Sultan Mesûd (421-432/1030-1041) ve Sultan İbrahim (451-492/1059-1099) dönemlerinde Gur bölgesine çeşitli seferler düzenlenmiştir. Bu seferler neticesinde Gurlular itaat altına alındığı gibi bu coğrafyada İslamiyet’in yayılması da hız kazanmıştır. Gaznelilerin gerileme dönemi hükümdarlarından Sultan Behramşâh (511-552/1117-1157) zamanında ise Gazneli-Gurlu mücadeleleri farklı bir safhaya girmiştir. Behramşâh’ın tâbi Gurlular aleyhine dış siyasette almış olduğu yanlış kararlar iki devleti karşı karşıya getirmiş ve taraflar arasında meydana gelen savaşlar Gaznelilerin çöküş sürecini hızlandırmıştır. Bu dönemde Gurlular tahtında bulunan Alâeddin Hüseyin b. İzzeddin Hüseyin’in (544-556/1149-1161) iki kardeşinin Behramşâh tarafından öldürülmesi, kendisinde bu devlete karşı büyük bir intikam hırsına sebebiyet vermiştir. Gaznelilere karşı elde etmiş olduğu zaferlerden sonra Gazne şehrini yakıp yıkması tarihlerde kendisinin Cihansûz lakabıyla anılması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Sultan Alâeddin Hüseyin Cihânsûz’un Gaznelilerle mücadelesi ve Gazne şehrini istilası ele alınmıştır.
SIRP-BULGAR GÜMRÜK BİRLİĞİ, DOMUZ SAVAŞI VE OSMANLI DEVLETİ
Authors: ÇETİN Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Gümrük birliği, ekonomik entegrasyon sürecinin önemli bir aşamasını teşkil etmektedir. Kuramsal açıdan gelişimi 20. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren ve ekonomik entegrasyon teorisi bağlamında olmakla birlikte pratikte gümrük birliği uygulamalarına 19. yüzyılda da rastlanılabilmektedir. Gümrük birliğinin ilk örnekleri ekonomik olmaktan ziyade politik işbirliğini öngörmektedir. Sırp ve Bulgar devletleri arasında 20. yüzyılın başlarında gerçekleştirilen gümrük birliği girişimi, neden olduğu eko-politik sonuçlar ile önemli bir örnek niteliğindedir. Söz konusu gümrük birliği girişimi, dönemin konjonktürü bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu tarafından bir tehdit olarak algılanmış ve 1906 yılında Sırp Devleti’ne ambargo uygulanması ile takip eden dönemde Domuz Savaşı olarak adlandırılacak bir ticari çatışmayı başlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada Sırp ve Bulgar devletleri arasındaki gümrük birliği girişiminin iktisadî arka planı ve nitelikleri, birincil kaynaklardan hareketle Avusturya-Macaristan, Sırbistan ve Osmanlı Devleti ekseninde açıklanmakta ve Balkan Savaşları ile I. Dünya Savaşı’nın işareti olarak gösterilen kutuplaşma sürecinin eko-politik boyutları değerlendirilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ülkelerin ekonomik ve politik çıkarları çerçevesinde kısa süreli ve değişken ittifaklar oluşturdukları yönündedir.
YAŞAM VE ÖLÜM ARASINDA BİR UĞRAK OLARAK YAŞLILIK
Authors: DUVA Özlem
Published: April 2021

Yaşlanma ve yaşlılık konusu, özellikle modern dönem içerisinde genellikle ölüm ve bitiş temaları ile birlikte anılmıştır. Bunun etik sonuçlarının yanısıra politik sonuçları da olmuştur. Öte yandan yaşlılık, başlıbaşına bir konu olarak ele alınmaktan da kaçınılan bir konudur. Simone De Beauvoir konunun yeterince felsefi olmadığı, yaşlı bireyler ve yaşlılık periyodu üzerine konuşmanın önemsiz olduğu gibi çeşitli önyargıların, bu konunun felsefenin dışına itilmesine neden olduğunu belirtir. Beauvoir’ın bu saptamaları modern çağın bireyselleşme, çalışma ve tüketim odaklı yaşam biçimi içerisinde yaşlı bireylerin konumuna işaret etmektedir. Gelenekten kopuşla birlikte modern yaşamın, yaşlı bireyleri tecrübe ve aktarımın özneleri olmaktan çıkartıp topluma ayak bağı olan kimseler olarak gördükleri açıktır. Özellikle kapitalizmin gelişmesiyle birlikte yaşlılar kamusal alanda söz sahibi olamayan, sadece bakım ve gereksinim kavramlarıyla tanımlanan bireyler haline gelmişlerdir. Bütün bu düşünme biçimleri yaş ayrımcılığını besleyen temel kaynaklardır. Bu nedenle yaşlılık hakkında daha fazla düşünmeye, yaşlılığın bilgelikle özdeşleştirildiği Antik döneme yeniden bakarak yaşlılığın farklı anlamlarını hatırlamaya ihtiyacımız vardır. Kuşkusuz bu dönemde yaşlılığın statüsü de bugün tartışılabilir durumdadır. Ancak modern paradigmanın ve kapitalist tüketim mantığının belirlemelerinden kurtulmak için böyle bir inceleme gereklidir.Bu makalede farklı düşünürlerin görüşlerinden faydalanılarak yaşlılığa yeni bir felsefi bakış geliştirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
DELHİ TÜRK SULTANLIĞINDA BİR DERVİŞ: SEYDİ MÜVELLEH VE FAALİYETLERİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: KOÇ Bilal
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada orta çağ tarihinin belirleyici esaslarından ve yönlerinden birisi olan -din- tasavvuf, tarikat, dergâh, derviş, mürit, mezhep, inanç akideleri, yaşam biçimi ve sair özellikleri açısından konu edinilmiştir. Bu itibarla Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nda -Halaçlar döneminde- vukua gelen Seydî Müvelleh’in merkezinde yer aldığı gelişmeler çerçevesinde yaşanan gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. 13. yüzyılda Müvelleh dervişlerin Şam merkez olmak üzere Mısır ve Anadolu ekseninde oynadıkları roller mevcut olmakla birlikte, bu çalışmayla da Türkiye’de Hindistan çalışmaları içerisinde birkaç cümle ile temas edilen Seydî Müvelleh ve müdahil olduğu gelişmeler ışığında yaşananlar, dönem kaynaklarının verdiği bilgiler dâhilinde irdelenmiştir. Belirlenen hedefe ulaşmak için ilk olarak “Müvelleh” kavramı hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, varlık alanı ve özellikleriyle alakalı kayıtlara yer verilmiştir. İkinci aşamada Müvelleh dervişliğin Delhi’deki görünen yüzü olan Seydî Müvelleh ile alakalı -Hindistan’a gelişi, dış görünüşü ve inanç esaslarına yönelik tanıtıcı bilgiler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve ilerleyen aşamalarında ise birbirini takip eden şekilde Seydî Müvelleh’in faaliyet alanı ve kişiliğine yönelik atfedilenler “hakikat-mübalağa” çizgisi çerçevesinde konu edinilmiştir. Hemen akabinde idarenin geleceğini belirlemek adına Seydî’nin fiilî olarak görevde bulunan devlet adamlarıyla nasıl ve ne gibi ilişkiler tesis ettiği irdelenmiştir. Kendisine ve beraberinde bulunanlara yönelik itham edilen suçlamalar karşısında divân-ı mezâlimde kendilerini savunmaları ve akıbetlerinin ne olduğuna dair bilgiler açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur.