bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic modification of the gliding surface of extrasynovial tendon
Authors: Sun Yulong , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. , An Kai-Nan
Published: August 2006

Tendons may be classified as intrasynovial or extrasynovial based upon their anatomic location. We studied the physical properties of extrasynovial and intrasynovial tendons. Extrasynovial tendon has a rougher surface and higher friction than intrasynovial tendon. A number of carbodiimide derivatized biomaterials were developed to modify the irregular surface of an extrasynovial tendon to mimic the smooth surface of an intrasynovial tendon. We found that carbodiimide derivatized hyaluronic acid-gelatin (cd-HA-gelatin) chemically bonded to the extrasynovial tendon surface and optimally reduced gliding resistance in vitro. This biosynthetic, biomimetic modification of the extrasynovial tendon surface may prove to be a useful clinical product.
Multiscale mechanical characterization of biomimetic physically associating gels
Authors: Juliano Thomas F. , Forster Aaron M. , Drzal Peter L. , Weerasooriya Tusit , Moy Paul , VanLandingham Mark R.
Published: August 2006

The mechanical response of living tissue is important to understanding the injury-risk associated with impact events. Often, ballistic gelatin or synthetic materials are developed to serve as tissue surrogates in mechanical testing. Unfortunately, current materials are not optimal and present several experimental challenges. Bulk measurement techniques, such as compression and shear testing geometries, do not fully represent the stress states and rate of loading experienced in an actual impact event. Indentation testing induces deviatoric stress states as well as strain rates not typically available to bulk measurement equipment. In this work, a ballistic gelatin and two styrene-isoprene triblock copolymer gels are tested and compared using both macroscale and microscale measurements. A methodology is presented to conduct instrumented indentation experiments on materials with a modulus far below 1 MPa. The synthetic triblock copolymer gels were much easier to test than the ballistic gelatin. Compared to ballistic gelatin, both copolymer gels were found to have a greater degree of thermal stability. All of the materials exhibit strain-rate dependence, although the magnitude of dependence was a function of the loading rate and testing method.
Mechanical response of human red blood cells in health and disease: Some structure-property-function relationships
Authors: Suresh S.
Published: August 2006

Aspects of mechanical deformability and biorheology of the human red blood cell are known to play a pivotal role in influencing organ function as well as states of overall health and disease. In this article, consequences of alterations to the membrane and cytoskeletal molecular structure of the human red blood cell are considered in the context of an infectious disease,Plasmodium falciparummalaria, and several hereditary hemolytic disorders: spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and sickle cell anemia. In each of these cases, the effects of altered cell shape or molecular structure on cell elasticity, motility, and biorheology are examined. These examples are used to gain broad perspectives on the connections among cell and subcellular structure, properties, and disease at the intersections of engineering, biology, and medicine.
Rheological characterization of biocompatible associative polymer hydrogels with crystalline and amorphous endblocks
Authors: Agrawal Sarvesh K. , Sanabria-DeLong Naomi , Tew Gregory N. , Bhatia Surita R.
Published: August 2006

Control over mechanical properties of hydrogels is of primary importance for the use of these materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. We demonstrate here that crystallinity and block length of poly(lactide) (PLA) can be used to tune the elastic modulus of associative network gels of poly(lactide)–poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(lactide) over several orders of magnitude. Polymers made with crystalline L lactic acid blocks formed very stiff hydrogels at 25 wt% concentration with an elastic modulus that was almost an order of magnitude higher than hydrogels of polymers with a similar molecular weight but containing amorphous D/L-lactic acid blocks. The relaxation behavior and crosslink density of gels are also significantly influenced by crystallinity of PLA and are again a function of PLA block length. Using these variables we can design new tailor-made materials for biomedical applications with precise control over their structure and mechanical properties.
Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Peri- and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Ryan Paula D. , Goss Paul E.
Published: August 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the evidence from the recent large clinical trials supporting the use of aromatase inhibitors for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer.Discuss the evidence related to the side effects and tolerability of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer.Discuss the potential mechanisms of resistance to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and potential strategies to overcome them.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com

Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of endocrine treatment for early-stage breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women for many years. Since 2001, the results of several large, randomized, clinical trials have provided evidence that aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, either upfront or in sequence after tamoxifen, improves disease-free survival and, in certain patients, overall survival for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Thus far, with relatively short-term follow-up, AIs have been generally safe and well tolerated among the population of patients treated in these adjuvant trials. However, important side effects such as musculoskeletal and bone-related problems, including the risk for osteoporosis and fractures, remain of concern and warrant continued monitoring and follow-up. Several questions regarding the appropriate AI to use and the timing of AI therapy remain unresolved, and ongoing studies will help address these issues. Caution is warranted in the use of AIs in perimenopausal women, including those that develop chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea, and clinical evidence supports the role for AI use in postmenopausal women only. Areas of active investigation include the mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and AIs and clinical strategies to overcome this resistance.
Hairy Cell Leukemia: An Elusive but Treatable Disease
Authors: Wanko Sam O. , de Castro Carlos
Published: August 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe what is known about the biology and pathogenesis of HCL.Discuss the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of HCL.Identify important diagnostic markers for HCL.Discuss treatment options and response and adverse effects to therapy for HCL.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a unique chronic lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic or coexist with other clonal hematologic disorders and has been associated with autoimmune disorders. It should be entertained as an alternative diagnosis in patients with cytopenias being assigned the diagnosis of aplastic anemia, hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome, atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-prolymphocytic leukemia, or idiopathic myelofibrosis. Causative etiology or molecular defects remain unclear, although nonspecific chromosomal and molecular changes have been described. The typical presentation is that of a middle-aged man with an incidental finding of pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and inaspirable bone marrow. Treatment with a purine analogue, cladribine or pentostatin, results in extremely high, durable, overall, and complete response rates, although resistance and relapses do occur. A variant subtype exists and is frequently associated with a poor response. Because of its simplified dosing schedule, cladribine is commonly used as the initial therapy. Treatment of relapsed HCL is dictated by the duration of the preceding remission. Relapsed disease after a prolonged remission can often be successfully retreated with the same initial agent. Resistance in typical HCL is treated with the alternate purine analogue. New agents, such as rituximab and BL22, are actively being evaluated and show promising results in both HCL subtypes. This article uses two patients diagnosed with aplastic anemia and recently seen in consultation at our institution as a springboard to discuss the biology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options of HCL.
Systemic Therapy of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How Hopeful Should We Be?
Authors: Zhu Andrew X.
Published: August 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the epidemiologic trend of HCC.Discuss the inherent difficulty and challenge of developing systemic therapy for HCC.Outline the history and current status of systemic therapy for HCC.Describe the rationale and current status of developing molecularly targeted agents for HCC.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com

Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. In the U.S., 18,510 new cancers of the liver and intrahepatic bile duct are expected in 2006, with an estimated 16,200 deaths. The incidence rates for HCC in the U.S. continued to rise steadily through 1998 and doubled during the period 1975–1995. Unresectable or metastatic HCC carries a poor prognosis, and systemic therapy with cytotoxic agents provides marginal benefit. A majority of HCC patients (>80%) presents with advanced or unresectable disease. Even for those with resected disease, the recurrence rate can be as high as 50% at 2 years. Because of the poor track record of systemic therapy in HCC, there has been a sense of nihilism for this disease in the oncology community for decades. However, with the arrival of newly developed molecularly targeted agents and the success of some of these agents in other traditionally challenging cancers, like renal cell carcinoma, there has recently been renewed interest in developing systemic therapy for HCC. This review attempts to concisely summarize the historical perspective and the current status of systemic therapy development in HCC.
Primary (AL) Amyloidosis in Plasma Cell Disorders
Authors: Müller Antonia M. S. , Geibel Annette , Neumann Hartmut P. H. , Kühnemund Alexander , Schmitt-Gräff Annette , Böhm Joachim , Engelhardt Monika
Published: August 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the pathogenesis of AL amyloidosis.Identify other disorders often associated with AL amyloidosis.Discuss the importance of the prompt diagnosis and treatment of AL amyloidosis and any underlying plasma cell disorder.Identify presenting signs and symptoms that should lead to the suspicion of AL amyloidosis.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com

Primary (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The morbidity arises from extracellular deposition of immunoglobulin light chain (LC) fibrils in major organs, such as the kidneys, heart, and bowel. Organ dysfunction contributes to a high mortality and poor prognosis, with a median survival time of 1–2 years from diagnosis. Here, we present a 46-year-old man with an exceptional clinical course of an LC multiple myeloma with generalized amyloidosis, causing renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, and complete intestinal necrosis. We have summarized recent knowledge on AL amyloidosis, its association with monoclonal gammopathies, clinical presentations, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies. Our comprehensive overview of this rare and often fatal disease aims to increase the awareness of AL amyloidosis. This may facilitate earlier diagnosis, and thus allow initiation of prompt and specific therapies, which are indispensable in order to improve disease prognosis.
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma, T-/Null-Cell Type
Authors: Jacobsen Eric
Published: August 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify areas of diagnostic confusion in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL).Describe risk stratification in ALCL.Discuss therapeutic options in ALCL.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, T-/null-cell type (ALCL), is a rare disease that has only been well characterized for two decades. Despite this, the biology of ALCL is better understood than that of many other more common variants of lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and therapy of ALCL, including stem cell transplantation. In particular, the text emphasizes how novel prognostic features and the evolving understanding of the biology of this disease will influence treatment selection and drug development.
Influence of the addition of sulphate and ferric ions in a methanogenic anaerobic packed-bed reactor treating gasoline-contaminated water
Authors: Fernandes B.S. , Chinalia F.A. , Sarti A. , Silva A.J. , Foresti E. , Zaiat M.
Published: August 2006

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are relatively soluble aromatic compounds of gasoline. Gasoline storage tank leakages generally lead to an extensive contamination of groundwater. In the natural environment for instance, these compounds might be biodegraded under a variety of reducing potentials. The objective of this work was to examine the influence of the addition of sulphate and Fe(OH)3 in a methanogenic horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized-biomass reactor treating gasoline-contaminated water. Three different conditions were evaluated: methanogenic, sulphidogenic and sulphidogenic with the addition of ferric ions. Methanogenic condition showed the higher BTX degradation rates and the addition of sulphate negatively affected BTX removal rates with the production of H2S. However, the addition of ferric ions resulted in the precipitation of sulphur, improving BTX degradation by the consortium. Metanosphaera sp., Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosaeta concilii were identified in the consortium by means of 16S and directly related to the addition of ferric ions.
Titelbild: Antibakterielle Naturstoffe in der medizinischen Chemie – Exodus oder Renaissance? (Angew. Chem. 31/2006)
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Brands Michael , Hinzen Berthold , Weigand Stefan , Häbich Dieter
Published: August 2006

Das Außergewöhnliche versteckt sich oft im Alltäglichen. So sah Albrecht Dürer im Jahr 1503 sogar in einem scheinbar belanglosen Rasenstück einen verborgenen Mikrokosmos (“Das Große Rasenstück”; Wiedergabe mit freundlicher Genehmigung von www.reisserbilder.at). Auch die chemische Post‐Evolution vermag bekannten Naturstoffen außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften zu entlocken. D. Häbich et al. analysieren die Anwendung dieses Prinzips auf Antibiotika im Aufsatz auf S. 5194 ff.
Antibacterial Natural Products in Medicinal Chemistry—Exodus or Revival?
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Brands Michael , Hinzen Berthold , Weigand Stefan , Häbich Dieter
Published: August 2006

To create a drug, nature's blueprints often have to be improved through semisynthesis or total synthesis (chemical postevolution). Selected contributions from industrial and academic groups highlight the arduous but rewarding path from natural products to drugs. Principle modification types for natural products are discussed herein, such as decoration, substitution, and degradation. The biological, chemical, and socioeconomic environments of antibacterial research are dealt with in context. Natural products, many from soil organisms, have provided the majority of lead structures for marketed anti‐infectives. Surprisingly, numerous “old” classes of antibacterial natural products have never been intensively explored by medicinal chemists. Nevertheless, research on antibacterial natural products is flagging. Apparently, the “old fashioned” natural products no longer fit into modern drug discovery. The handling of natural products is cumbersome, requiring nonstandardized workflows and extended timelines. Revisiting natural products with modern chemistry and target‐finding tools from biology (reversed genomics) is one option for their revival.
Shaping the Future with Chemistry: What's in Store for Chemistry Graduates in Research and Industry?
Authors: Hambrecht Jürgen
Published: August 2006

Innovation through communication: What is required of young graduates in chemistry today and how can these skills be developed? An open dialogue between universities and the chemical industry may push innovations and thus lead the way to a successful future.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Stereoselective Intramolecular N‐Carbamyliminium Pictet–Spengler Reactions
Authors: Diness Frederik , Beyer Jürgen , Meldal Morten
Published: August 2006

A solid‐phase method for the synthesis of tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacyclic compounds containing tetrahydro‐β‐carboline, tetrahydroisoquinoline or analogous scaffolds is presented. The reaction proceeds with high stereoselectivity through an intermediate N‐carbamyliminium ion that exclusively converts into Pictet–Spengler‐type products with a variety of C‐nucleophiles. Amino aldehydes masked with 3‐Boc‐(1,3)‐oxazinane (Box) have been synthesized from amino acids, amino alcohols, or 2‐nitro benzaldehydes. The amino moiety of these masked aldehydes has been converted into pentafluorophenyl carbamate to serve as a urea precursor. The building blocks were incorporated at the N‐terminal of a resin‐supported dipeptide through urea formation. Subsequent treatment with acid liberated the aldehyde quantitatively. A penultimate tryptophan residue gave rise, under the acetic conditions, to a spontaneous intramolecular Pictet–Spengler reaction with the liberated aldehyde. The reaction proceeded with a high degree of stereoselectivity affording tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines with a de (de=diastereomeric excess) above 95 % and purity in the range of 90–99 %. This reaction has been extended to a range of other aromatic C‐nucleophiles, including substituted indoles, benzenes, pyrene, furan, thiophenes, and benzothiophene with comparable stereoselectivity and purity. Prolonged exposure of the benzaldehyde‐derived Pictet–Spengler products to strong acid and air lead to quantitative auto‐oxidation which yielded compounds with a 3,4‐dihydro‐β‐carboline, a 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline, or a similar core structure.
The Room‐Temperature Superstructure of ZrP2O7 Is Orthorhombic: There Are no Unusual 180° P—O—P Bond Angles.
Authors: Birkedal Henrik , Krogh Andersen Anne Marie , Arakcheeva Alla , Chapuis Gervais , Norby Poul , Pattison Philip
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses, Properties and Cyrstal Structures of the Cluster Salts Bi6[PtBi6Cl12] and Bi2/3[PtBi6Cl12].
Authors: Hampel Silke , Ruck Michael
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Luminescent Properties of Eu‐Doped Germanate Apatite Sr2La8(GeO4)O2.
Authors: Li Yu‐Chun , Chang Yen‐Hwei , Tsai Bin‐Siang , Chen Yu‐Chung , Lin Yu‐Feng
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Ce3+‐Doped Barium Haloapatites Nanocrystals.
Authors: Xiu Zhiliang , Lue Mengkai , Liu Suwen , Zhou Guangjun , Zhang Haiping
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation Enthalpies of Fe—Al—RE Ternary Alloys Calculated with a Geometric Model and Miedema′s Theory.
Authors: Ouyang Yifang , Zhong Xiaping , Du Yong , Jin Zhanpeng , He Yuehui , Yuan Zhaohui
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facilitated Hydrogen Storage in NaAlH4 Supported on Carbon Nanofibers.
Authors: Balde Cornelis P. , Hereijgers Bart P. C. , Bitter Johannes H. , de Jong Krijn P.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalysis in Capillaries by Pd Thin Films Using Microwave‐Assisted Continuous‐Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS).
Authors: Shore Gjergji , Morin Sylvie , Organ Michael G.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Dimethylzinc to α‐Ketoesters, Using Mandelamides as Ligands.
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Fernandez Isabel , Marco‐Aleixandre Alicia , Pedro Jose R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical Chiral Bicyclic Thioglycolate Lactam Auxiliary for Stereoselective Quaternary Carbon Formation.
Authors: Arpin Azelie , Manthorpe Jeffrey M. , Gleason James L.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Pyrrolidine‐Based PDE4 Inhibitors via Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of α‐Substituted Malonates to Aromatic Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Nichols Paul J. , DeMattei John A. , Barnett Bradley R. , LeFur Nicole A. , Chuang Tsung‐Hsun , Piscopio Anthony D. , Koch Kevin
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyano‐Phosphorylation of Aldehydes Using a YLi3tris(binaphthoxide) Complex (YLB).
Authors: Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Abiko Yumi , Sugita Mari , Tian Jun , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Triynes for the Synthesis of Atropisomeric Chiral ortho‐Diarylbenzene Derivatives.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Tsuchikama Kyoji , Otsuka Maiko
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Bis(benzimidazolium) — Palladium System as a Convenient Catalyst for Heck and Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Demir Serpil , Oezdemir Ismail , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Removal of N‐tert‐Butyl from Amides with Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Mahalingam A. K. , Wu Xiongyu , Alterman Mathias
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Stereocontrol in the Allylation of Chiral Non‐Racemic α‐Alkoxy and α‐Amino Nitrones.
Authors: Merino Pedro , Delso Ignacio , Mannucci Vanni , Tejero Tomas
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Conjugate Addition and the Formation of Heterocycles Using Michael Acceptors under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu , Carlson Rolf
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Palladium/Carboxylic Acid‐Catalyzed Allylation of Anilines with Allylic Alcohols in Water.
Authors: Yang Shyh‐Chyun , Hsu Yi‐Chun , Gan Kim‐Hong
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Enantioselective Broensted Acid Catalyst for the Strecker Reaction.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Sugiono Erli , Azap Cengiz
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arylanthranilodinitriles: A New Biaryl Class of Antileishmanial Agents.
Authors: Singh Fateh V. , Vatsyayan Rit , Roy Uma , Goel Atul
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Enantioselective Organocatalyst for the Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Kui , Cun Lin‐Feng , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of Arylzinc Reagents to 3‐Arylpropenals Catalyzed by a Rhodium—Binap Complex in the Presence of Chlorotrimethylsilane.
Authors: Tokunaga Norihito , Hayashi Tamio
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Acceptor Thiophene 1,1‐Dioxides with Dienes. Synthesis of Bisadducts.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Moiseev A. M. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of 3‐Alkyloxindoles: Application to the Formal Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Physostigmine.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
β‐Tosylethylazide: A Useful Synthon for Preparation of N‐Protected 1,2,3‐Triazoles via Click Chemsitry.
Authors: Yap Amy H. , Weinreb Steven M.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of a Novel, Achiral Series of TNF‐α Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.
Authors: Gilmore John L. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐4,6‐diphenyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridine‐2(1H)‐thione.
Authors: Dyachenko V. D.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and SAR of 1,9‐Dihydro‐9‐hydroxypyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐4‐ones as Novel, Selective c‐Jun N‐Terminal Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Liu Mei , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vasorelaxant Activity of Phthalazinones and Related Compounds.
Authors: del Olmo Esther , Barboza Bianca , Ybarra M. Ines , Lopez‐Perez Jose Luis , Carron Rosalia , Sevilla M. Angeles , Boselli Cinthia , San Feliciano Arturo
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies in Quinazoline Chemistry. Part 3. Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Pyridon‐3‐yl)‐ and 2‐[Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐2(3)‐yl]‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolines.
Authors: Gromachevskaya E. V. , Kaigorodova E. A. , Firgang S. I. , Krapivin G. D.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Structural Type of Serotonin 5‐HT3 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Perumal Ramachandran Venkatesha , Mahesh Radhakrishnan
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acylation of Dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 with Alkali‐Metal Acetates in Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Saifullina N. Zh. , Tashmukhamedova A. K.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some New Fused and Polyfused [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazepines.
Authors: Allah O. A. Abd
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Cyanoarylboronic Esters.
Authors: Lysen Morten , Hansen Henriette M. , Begtrup Mikael , Kristensen Jesper L.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Borylation/Amination Reactions: Syntheses of Arylamine Boronate Esters from Halogenated Arenes.
Authors: Holmes Daniel , Chotana Ghayoor A. , Maleczka Robert E. Jr. , Smith Milton R. III
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of Steroidal Pyrazoles, Isoxazoles and Pyrimidines from Testosterone.
Authors: Singh Ch. Brajakishor , Singh L. Warjeet
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel 1‐tert‐Butoxy‐2‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline (BBDI)‐Catalyzed Esterification of N‐Protected Amino Acids with Nearly Equimolar Amounts of Alcohols in the Presence of Boc2O.
Authors: Saito Yukako , Watanabe Tomokazu , Takahata Hiroki
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Madindoline Analogues.
Authors: Yamamoto Daisuke , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Hirose Tomoyasu , Kojima Naoto , Kaji Eisuke , Omura Satohsi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of [125I]‐, [2H]‐, and [3H]‐Labeled 3‐Iodothyronamine (T1AM).
Authors: Miyakawa Motonori , Scanlan Thomas S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Marine Bacteria. Part 33. Prefluostatin and New Urauchimycin Derivatives Produced by Streptomycete Isolates.
Authors: Yao C. B. Fondja , Schiebel M. , Helmke E. , Anke H. , Laatsch H.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Hyphodermin B (I).
Authors: Henderson Luke C. , Loughlin Wendy A. , Jenkins Ian D. , Healy Peter C. , Campitelli Marc R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Cicerfuran (Ia), an Antifungal Benzofuran, and Some Related Analogues.
Authors: Aslam Shazia N. , Stevenson Philip C. , Phythian Sara J. , Veitch Nigel C. , Hall David R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Role of Interstitial Mn in GaAs‐Based Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Kacman Perla , Kuryliszyn‐Kudelska Izabela
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Special Sites at Noble and Late Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Hammer B.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploring the Chemistry and Biology of Antitumor Enediyne Chromoprotein C‐1027
Authors: Inoue Masayuki
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Organochalcogen Compounds in Basic Reducing Systems
Authors: Deryagina E. N. , Russavskaya N. V. , Papernaya L. K. , Levanova E. P. , Sukhomazova E. N. , Korchevin N. A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Zhilina Zhanna V. , Ziemba Amy J. , Ebbinghaus Scot W.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogenation of Glutamic Acid to Value Added Products
Authors: Holladay Johnathan E. , Werpy Todd A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Routes to Pyrroles, Indoles and Carbazoles: Applications in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Agarwal Sameer , Caemmerer Simon , Filali Salima , Froehner Wolfgang , Knoell Jan , Krahl Micha P. , Reddy Kethiri R. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Additions to C—C Double Bonds Applied to the Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrethroic Acids
Authors: Krief Alain , Froidbise Alexandre
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Computational Organic Chemistry
Authors: Yates Brian F.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iodine in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Banerjee Ajoy K. , Vera William , Mora Henry , Laya Manuel S. , Bedoya Liadis , Cabrera Elvia V.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Mediated Cascade or Multicomponent Reactions: A New Route to Carbo‐ and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Balme Genevieve , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Hydroxylated Pyrrolidines, Piperidines and Related Bioactive Compounds: From N‐Acyliminium Chemistry to N‐α‐Carbanion Chemistry
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Air‐ and Moisture‐Stable Secondary Phosphine Oxides as Preligands in Catalysis
Authors: Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthetic Protocol for Supramolecules and Polymers by Molecular Construction and Integration Based on Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Takata Toshikazu , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azobenzene as Conformational Switch in Model Peptides
Authors: Renner Christian , Moroder Luis
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Predicted 3D Structures of the Human M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor with Agonist or Antagonist Bound
Authors: Peng Joyce Yao‐chun , Vaidehi Nagarajan , Hall Spencer E. , Goddard William A.
Published: August 2006

The muscarinic acetylcholine G‐protein‐coupled receptors are implicated in diseases ranging from cognitive dysfunctions to smooth‐muscle disorders. To provide a structural basis for drug design, we used the MembStruk computational method to predict the 3D structure of the human M1 muscarinic receptor. We validated this structure by using the HierDock method to predict the binding sites for three agonists and four antagonists. The intermolecular ligand–receptor contacts at the predicted binding sites agree well with deductions from available mutagenesis experiments, and the calculated relative binding energies correlate with measured binding affinities. The predicted binding site of all four antagonists is located between transmembrane (TM) helices 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, whereas the three agonists prefer a site involving residues from TM3, TM6, and TM7. We find that Trp 157(4) contributes directly to antagonist binding, whereas Pro 159(4) provides an indirect conformational switch to position Trp 157(4) in the binding site (the number in parentheses indicates the TM helix). This explains the large decrease in ligand binding affinity and signaling efficacy by mutations of Trp 157(4) and Pro 159(4) not previously explained by homology models. We also found that Asp 105(3) and aromatic residues Tyr 381(6), Tyr 404(7), and Tyr 408(7) are critical for binding the quaternary ammonium head group of the ligand through cation–π interactions. For ligands with a charged tertiary amine head group, we suggest that proton transfer from the ligand to Asp 105(3) occurs upon binding. Furthermore, we found that an extensive aromatic network involving Tyr 106(3), Trp 157(4), Phe 197(5), Trp 378(6), and Tyr 381(6) is important in stabilizing antagonist binding. For antagonists with two terminal phenyl rings, this aromatic network extends to Trp 164(4), Tyr 179(extracellular loop 2), and Phe 390(6) located at the extracellular end of the TMs. We find that Asn 382(6) forms hydrogen bonds with selected antagonists. Tyr381(6) and Ser 109(3) form hydrogen bonds with the ester moiety of acetylcholine, which binds in the gauche conformation.
Apoptosis in the developing mouse heart
Authors: Barbosky Laura , Lawrence David K. , Karunamuni Ganga , Wikenheiser Jamie C. , Doughman Yong‐Qiu , Visconti Richard P. , Burch John B.E. , Watanabe Michiko
Published: August 2006

Apoptosis occurs at high frequency in the myocardium of the developing avian cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Up‐ or down‐regulating apoptosis results in defects resembling human conotruncal heart anomalies. This finding suggested that regulated levels of apoptosis are critical for normal morphogenesis of the four‐chambered heart. Recent evidence supports an important role for hypoxia of the OFT myocardium in regulating cell death and vasculogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether apoptosis in the outflow tract myocardium occurs in the mouse heart during developmental stages comparable to the avian heart and to determine whether differential hypoxia is also present at this site in the murine heart. Apoptosis was detected using a fluorescent vital dye, Lysotracker Red (LTR), in the OFT myocardium of the mouse starting at embryonic day (E) 12.5, peaking at E13.5–14.5, and declining thereafter to low or background levels by E18.5. In addition, high levels of apoptosis were detected in other cardiac regions, including the apices of the ventricles and along the interventricular sulcus. Apoptosis in the myocardium was detected by double‐labeling with LTR and cardiomyocyte markers. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) and immunostaining for cleaved Caspase‐3 were used to confirm the LTR results. At the peak of OFT apoptosis in the mouse, the OFT myocardium was relatively hypoxic, as indicated by specific and intense EF5 staining and HIF1α nuclear localization, and was surrounded by the developing vasculature as in the chicken embryo. These findings suggest that cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for normal morphogenesis of the outflow tract myocardium in avian and mammalian species. Developmental Dynamics 235:2592–2602, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luminescent Open‐Framework Antiferromagnet – Hydrothermal Syntheses, Structures, and Luminescent and Magnetic Properties of Two Novel Coordination Polymers: [Zn(pdoa)(bipy)]n and {[Mn(pdoa)(bipy)](bipy)}n [pdoa = 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy)bis(acetate); bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine]
Authors: Hong Xian‐Lan , Bai Junfeng , Song You , Li Yi‐Zhi , Pan Yi
Published: August 2006

Two coordination polymers of mixed ligands, 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy)bis(acetate) (pdoa) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy),namely [Zn(pdoa)(bipy)]n (1) and {[Mn(pdoa)(bipy)](bipy)}n (2), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and IR spectra. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with a = 6.8826(18) Å, b = 11.202(3) Å, c = 12.295(3) Å, α = 86.854(4)°, β = 85.759(5)°, γ = 72.629(4)° and is a novel folded‐paper‐shaped coordination compound with polymeric sheets formed by the five‐coordinate ZnII centers and bridging pdoa and bipy. Complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 11.507(2) Å, b = 23.254(5) Å, c = 9.8710(19) Å, β = 96.418(4)° and exhibits a robust three‐dimensional framework with nanosized rectangular channels (11.627 × 11.507 Å). They both display blue fluorescent emission and could be considered as new luminescent materials. In addition, the magnetic properties of complex 2 were investigated and the magnetic susceptibility data were rationally fitted with g = 2.072(5), J = –1.11(4) cm–1, and zJ′ =–0.161(7) cm–1, showing it is an unprecedented luminescent open‐framework antiferromagnet.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Application of palm olein in the production of zero‐trans Iranian vanaspati through enzymatic interesterification
Authors: Farmani Jamshid , Safari Mohammad , Hamedi Manouchehr
Published: August 2006

The utilization of palm olein in the production of zero‐trans Iranian vanaspati through enzymatic interesterification was studied. Vanaspati fat was made from ternary blends of palm olein (POL), low‐erucic acid rapeseed oil (RSO) and sunflower oil (SFO) through direct interesterification of the blends or by blending interesterified POL with RSO and SFO. The slip melting point (SMP), the solid fat content (SFC) at 10–40 °C, the carbon number (CN) triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, the induction period (IP) of oxidation at 120 °C (IP120) and the IP of crystallization at 20 °C of the final products and non‐interesterified blends were evaluated. Results indicated that all the final products had higher SMP, SFC, IP of crystallization and CN 48 TAG (trisaturated TAG), and lower IP120, than their non‐interesterified blends. However, SMP, SFC, IP120, IP of crystallization and CN 48 TAG were higher for fats prepared by blending interesterified POL with RSO and SFO. A comparison between the SFC at 20–30 °C of the final products and those of a commercial low‐trans Iranian vanaspati showed that the least saturated fatty acid content necessary to achieve a zero‐trans fat suitable for use as Iranian vanaspati was 37.2% for directly interesterified blends and 28.8% for fats prepared by blending interesterified POL with liquid oils.