bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responding to Global Poverty
Authors: Barry Christian , Øverland Gerhard
Published: October 2016

This book explores the nature of moral responsibilities of affluent individuals in the developed world, addressing global poverty and arguments that philosophers have offered for having these responsibilities. The first type of argument grounds responsibilities in ability to avert serious suffering by taking on some cost. The second argument seeks to ground responsibilities in the fact that the affluent are contributing to such poverty. The authors criticise many of the claims advanced by those who seek to ground stringent responsibilities to the poor by invoking these two types of arguments. It does not follow from this that the affluent are meeting responsibilities to the poor. The book argues that while people are not ordinarily required to make large sacrifices in assisting others in severe need, they are required to incur moderate costs to do so. If the affluent fail consistently to meet standards, this fact can substantially increase the costs they require to bear to address it.
Two Roads Diverge
Authors: Hartwell Christopher A.
Published: October 2016

The dramatic events of Maidan in February 2014 shone a spotlight on the immense problems facing Ukraine. At the same time that Ukraine was undergoing turmoil, its western neighbor Poland was celebrating twenty-five years of post-communism with a rosy economic outlook and projections of continued growth. How could two countries who shared similar linguistic, cultural, economic and political heritages diverge so wildly in economic performance in such a short span of time? The main argument of this book is that institutions, and more specifically the evolution or neglect of the particular institutions needed for a market economy, explain the economic divergence between Ukraine and Poland. This book discusses the evolution of key institutions such as property rights, trade, and the role of the executive branch of government to explain the recent relative performance of the two countries.
Founding Weimar
Authors: Jones Mark
Published: October 2016

The German Revolution of 1918–1919 was a transformative moment in modern European history. It was both the end of the German Empire and the First World War, as well as the birth of the Weimar Republic, the short-lived democracy that preceded the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship. A time of great political drama, the Revolution saw unprecedented levels of mass mobilisation and political violence, including the 'Spartacist Uprising' of January 1919, the murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, and the violent suppression of strikes and the Munich Councils' Republic. Drawing upon the historiography of the French Revolution, Founding Weimar is the first study to place crowds and the politics of the streets at the heart of the Revolution's history. Carefully argued and meticulously researched, it will appeal to anyone with an interest in the relationship between violence, revolution, and state formation, as well as in the history of modern Germany.
Lifetime Disadvantage, Discrimination and the Gendered Workforce
Authors: Bisom-Rapp Susan , Sargeant Malcolm
Published: October 2016

Lifetime Disadvantage, Discrimination and the Gendered Workforce fills a gap in the literature on discrimination and disadvantage suffered by women at work by focusing on the inadequacies of the current law and the need for a new holistic approach. Each stage of the working life cycle for women is examined with a critical consideration of how the law attempts to address the problems that inhibit women's labour force participation. By using their model of lifetime disadvantage, the authors show how the law adopts an incremental and disjointed approach to resolving the challenges, and argue that a more holistic orientation towards eliminating women's discrimination and disadvantage is required before true gender equality can be achieved. Using the concept of resilience from vulnerability theory, the authors advocate a reconfigured workplace that acknowledges yet transcends gender.
America's War on Same-Sex Couples and their Families
Authors: Pinello Daniel R.
Published: October 2016

America's War on Same-Sex Couples and Their Families is a legal, political, and social history of constitutional amendments in twenty American states (with 43 percent of the nation's population) that prohibited government recognition of all forms of relationship rights (marriage, civil unions, and domestic partnerships) for same-sex couples. Based on 175 interviews with gay and lesbian pairs in Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin, the volume has great human-interest value and chronicles how same-sex couples and their children coped within harsh legal environments. The work ends with a lively explanation of how the federal judiciary rescued these families from their own governments. In addition, the book provides a model of the grassroots circumstances under which harassed minority groups migrate out of oppressive state regimes, together with an estimate of the economic and other costs (to the refugees and their governments) of the flight from persecution.
Slavery's Metropolis
Authors: Johnson Rashauna
Published: October 2016

New Orleans is an iconic city, which was once located at the crossroads of early America and the Atlantic World. New Orleans became a major American metropolis as its slave population exploded; in the early nineteenth century, slaves made up one-third of the urban population. In contrast to our typical understanding of rural, localized, isolated bondage in the emergent Deep South, daily experiences of slavery in New Orleans were global, interconnected, and transient. Slavery's Metropolis uses slave circulations through New Orleans between 1791 and 1825 to map the social and cultural history of enslaved men and women and the rapidly shifting city, nation, and world in which they lived. Investigating emigration from the Caribbean to Louisiana during the Haitian Revolution, commodity flows across urban-rural divides, multiracial amusement places, the local jail, and freedom-seeking migrations to Trinidad following the War of 1812, it remaps the history of slavery in modern urban society.
Agents of Neoliberal Globalization
Authors: Dreiling Michael C. , Darves Derek Y.
Published: October 2016

Depictions of globalization commonly recite a story of a market unleashed, bringing Big Macs and iPhones to all corners of the world. Human society appears as a passive observer to a busy revolution of an invisible global market, paradoxically unfolding by its own energy. Sometimes, this market is thought to be unleashed by politicians working on the surface of an autonomous state. This book rejects both perspectives and provides an analytically rich alternative to conventional approaches to globalization. By the 1980s, an enduring corporate coalition advanced in nearly synonymous terms free trade, tax cuts, and deregulation. Highly networked corporate leaders and state officials worked in concert to produce the trade policy framework for neoliberal globalization. Marshalling original network data and a historical narrative, this book shows that the globalizing corporate titans of the late 1960s aligned with economic conservatives to set into motion this vision of a global free market.
Riemann Surfaces and Algebraic Curves
Authors: Cavalieri Renzo , Miles Eric
Published: October 2016

Hurwitz theory, the study of analytic functions among Riemann surfaces, is a classical field and active research area in algebraic geometry. The subject's interplay between algebra, geometry, topology and analysis is a beautiful example of the interconnectedness of mathematics. This book introduces students to this increasingly important field, covering key topics such as manifolds, monodromy representations and the Hurwitz potential. Designed for undergraduate study, this classroom-tested text includes over 100 exercises to provide motivation for the reader. Also included are short essays by guest writers on how they use Hurwitz theory in their work, which ranges from string theory to non-Archimedean geometry. Whether used in a course or as a self-contained reference for graduate students, this book will provide an exciting glimpse at mathematics beyond the standard university classes.
Performance Practice in the Music of Steve Reich
Authors: Hartenberger Russell
Published: October 2016

Performance Practice in the Music of Steve Reich provides a performer's perspective on Steve Reich's compositions from his iconic minimalist work, Drumming, to his masterpiece, Music for 18 Musicians. It addresses performance issues encountered by the musicians in Reich's original ensemble and the techniques they developed to bring his compositions to life. Drawing comparisons with West African drumming and other non-Western music, the book highlights ideas that are helpful in the understanding and performance of rhythm in all pulse-based music. Through conversations and interviews with the author, Reich discusses his percussion background and his thoughts about rhythm in relation to the music of Ghana, Bali, India, and jazz. He explains how he used rhythm in his early compositions, the time feel he wants in his music, the kind of performer who seems to be drawn to his music, and the way perceptual and metrical ambiguity create interest in repetitive music.
Lectures on K3 Surfaces
Authors: Huybrechts Daniel
Published: October 2016

K3 surfaces are central objects in modern algebraic geometry. This book examines this important class of Calabi–Yau manifolds from various perspectives in eighteen self-contained chapters. It starts with the basics and guides the reader to recent breakthroughs, such as the proof of the Tate conjecture for K3 surfaces and structural results on Chow groups. Powerful general techniques are introduced to study the many facets of K3 surfaces, including arithmetic, homological, and differential geometric aspects. In this context, the book covers Hodge structures, moduli spaces, periods, derived categories, birational techniques, Chow rings, and deformation theory. Famous open conjectures, for example the conjectures of Calabi, Weil, and Artin–Tate, are discussed in general and for K3 surfaces in particular, and each chapter ends with questions and open problems. Based on lectures at the advanced graduate level, this book is suitable for courses and as a reference for researchers.
Hobbes and the Artifice of Eternity
Authors: McClure Christopher Scott
Published: October 2016

Thomas Hobbes argues that the fear of violent death is the most reliable passion on which to found political society. His role in shaping the contemporary view of religion and honor in the West is pivotal, yet his ideas are famously riddled with contradictions. In this breakthrough study, McClure finds evidence that Hobbes' apparent inconsistencies are intentional, part of a sophisticated rhetorical strategy meant to make man more afraid of death than he naturally is. Hobbes subtly undermined two of the most powerful manifestations of man's desire for immortality: the religious belief in an afterlife and the secular desire for eternal fame through honor. McClure argues that Hobbes purposefully stirred up controversy, provoking his adversaries into attacking him and unwittingly spreading his message. This study will appeal to scholars of Hobbes, political theorists, historians of early modern political thought and anyone interested in the genesis of modern Western attitudes toward mortality.
Deconstructing Cosmology
Authors: Sanders Robert H.
Published: October 2016

The advent of sensitive high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and their successful interpretation in terms of the standard cosmological model has led to great confidence in this model's reality. The prevailing attitude is that we now understand the Universe and need only work out the details. In this book, Sanders traces the development and successes of Lambda-CDM, and argues that this triumphalism may be premature. The model's two major components, dark energy and dark matter, have the character of the pre-twentieth-century luminiferous aether. While there is astronomical evidence for these hypothetical fluids, their enigmatic properties call into question our assumptions of the universality of locally determined physical law. Sanders explains how modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a significant challenge for cold dark matter. Overall, the message is hopeful: the field of cosmology has not become frozen, and there is much fundamental work ahead for tomorrow's cosmologists.
Sexuality in the Babylonian Talmud
Authors: Kiel Yishai
Published: October 2016

Within this close textual analysis of the Babylonian Talmud, Yishai Kiel explores rabbinic discussions of sex in light of cultural assumptions and dispositions that pervaded the cultures of late antiquity and particularly the Iranian world. By negotiating the Iranian context of the rabbinic discussion alongside the Christian backdrop, this groundbreaking volume presents a balanced and nuanced portrayal of the rabbinic discourse on sexuality and situates rabbinic discussions of sex more broadly at the crossroads of late antique cultures. The study is divided into two thematic sections: the first centers on the broader aspects of rabbinic discourse on sexuality while the second hones in on rabbinic discussions of sexual prohibitions and the classification of permissible and prohibited partnerships, with particular attention to rabbinic discussions of incest. Essential reading for scholars and graduate students of Judaic studies, early Christianity, and Iranian studies, as well as those interested in religious studies and comparative religion.
A Fortunate Universe
Authors: Lewis Geraint F. , Barnes Luke A. , Schmidt Brian
Published: October 2016

Over the last forty years, scientists have uncovered evidence that if the Universe had been forged with even slightly different properties, life as we know it - and life as we can imagine it - would be impossible. Join us on a journey through how we understand the Universe, from its most basic particles and forces, to planets, stars and galaxies, and back through cosmic history to the birth of the cosmos. Conflicting notions about our place in the Universe are defined, defended and critiqued from scientific, philosophical and religious viewpoints. The authors' engaging and witty style addresses what fine-tuning might mean for the future of physics and the search for the ultimate laws of nature. Tackling difficult questions and providing thought-provoking answers, this volumes challenges us to consider our place in the cosmos, regardless of our initial convictions.
The Economics of Ottoman Justice
Authors: Coşgel Metin , Ergene Boğaç
Published: October 2016

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Ottoman Empire endured long periods of warfare, facing intense financial pressures and new international mercantile and monetary trends. The Empire also experienced major political-administrative restructuring and socioeconomic transformations. In the context of this tumultuous change, The Economics of Ottoman Justice examines Ottoman legal practices and the sharia court's operations to reflect on the judicial system and provincial relationships. Metin Coşgel and Boğaç Ergene provide a systematic depiction of socio-legal interactions, identifying how different social, economic, gender and religious groups used the court, how they settled their disputes, and which factors contributed to their success at trial. Using an economic approach, Coşgel and Ergene offer rare insights into the role of power differences in judicial interactions, and into the reproduction of communal hierarchies in court, and demonstrate how court use patterns changed over time.
Introduction to Modern Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Galtier Sébastien
Published: October 2016

Ninety-nine percent of ordinary matter in the Universe is in the form of ionized fluids, or plasmas. The study of the magnetic properties of such electrically conducting fluids, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), has become a central theory in astrophysics, as well as in areas such as engineering and geophysics. This textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to MHD and its recent applications, in nature and in laboratory plasmas; from the machinery of the Sun and galaxies, to the cooling of nuclear reactors and the geodynamo. It exposes advanced undergraduate and graduate students to both classical and modern concepts, making them aware of current research and the ever-widening scope of MHD. Rigorous derivations within the text, supplemented by over 100 illustrations and followed by exercises and worked solutions at the end of each chapter, provide an engaging and practical introduction to the subject and an accessible route into this wide-ranging field.
English Nouns
Authors: Lieber Rochelle
Published: October 2016

Using extensive data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, 2008), this groundbreaking book shows that the syntactic patterns in which English nominalizations can be found and the range of possible readings they can express are very different from what has been claimed in past theoretical treatments, and therefore that previous treatments cannot be correct. Lieber argues that the relationship between form and meaning in the nominalization processes of English is virtually never one-to-one, but rather forms a complex web that can be likened to a derivational ecosystem. Using the Lexical Semantic Framework (LSF), she develops an analysis that captures the interrelatedness and context dependence of nominal readings, and suggests that the key to the behavior of nominalizations is that their underlying semantic representations are underspecified in specific ways and that their ultimate interpretation must be fixed in context using processes available within the LSF.
Beyond Human Rights
Authors: Peters Anne
Published: October 2016

A paradigm change is occurring, in the course of which human beings are becoming the primary international legal persons. In numerous areas of public international law, substantive rights and obligations of individuals arguably flow directly from international law. The novel legal status of humans in international law is now captured with a concept borrowed from constitutional doctrine: international rights of the person, as opposed to international law protecting persons. Combining doctrinal analysis with current practice, this book is the most comprehensive contemporary analysis of the legal status of the individual. Beyond Human Rights, previously published in German and now revised by the author in this English edition, not only deals with the individual in international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international investment law, but it also covers fields such as consular law, environmental law, protection of individuals against acts of violence and natural disasters, refugee law and labour law.
Joyce's Dante
Authors: Robinson James
Published: October 2016

Joyce's engagement with Dante is a crucial component of all of his work. This title reconsiders the responses to Dante in Joyce's work from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to Finnegans Wake. It presents that encounter as an historically complex and contextually determined interaction reflecting the contested development of Dante's reputation, readership and textuality throughout the nineteenth century. This process produced a 'Dante with a difference', a uniquely creative and unorthodox construction of the poet which informed Joyce's lifelong engagement with such works as the Vita Nuova and the Commedia. Tracing the movement through Joyce's writing on exile as a mode of alienation and charting his growing interest in ideas of community, Joyce's Dante shows how awareness of his changing reading of Dante can alter our understanding of one of the Irish writer's lasting thematic preoccupations.
Hellenistic Epigram
Authors: Cairns Francis
Published: October 2016

This book offers scholars and students of Hellenistic and Roman literature an overview of Hellenistic epigram, a field closely related to other Hellenistic poetry and highly influential upon Roman poetry. In fourteen themed chapters, it foregrounds the literary, linguistic, historical, epigraphic, social, political, ethnic, cultic, onomastic, local, topographical and patronage contexts within which Hellenistic epigrams were composed. Many epigrams are analysed in detail and new interpretations of them proposed. Throughout, the question is asked whether epigrams are literary jeux d'esprit (as is often assumed without proper discussion) or whether they relate to real people and real events and have a function in the real world. That function may be epigraphic, for example an epigram can be the epitymbion for inscription at someone's grave, or the anathematikon for inscription on or beside a dedicated object, or a picture-label - an ekphrasis to accompany a painting or mosaic.
Fractional Freedoms
Authors: McKinley Michelle A.
Published: October 2016

Fractional Freedoms explores how thousands of slaves in colonial Peru were able to secure their freedom, keep their families intact, negotiate lower self-purchase prices, and arrange transfers of ownership by filing legal claims. Through extensive archival research, Michelle A. McKinley excavates the experiences of enslaved women whose historical footprint is barely visible in the official record. She complicates the way we think about life under slavery and demonstrates the degree to which slaves were able to exercise their own agency, despite being ensnared by the Atlantic slave trade. Enslaved women are situated as legal actors who had overlapping identities as wives, mothers, mistresses, wet-nurses and day-wage domestics, and these experiences within the urban working environment are shown to condition their identities as slaves. Although the outcomes of their lawsuits varied, Fractional Freedoms demonstrates how enslaved women used channels of affection and intimacy to press for liberty and prevent the generational transmission of enslavement to their children.
Beyond Ethnic Politics in Africa
Authors: Koter Dominika
Published: October 2016

Why do ethnic politics emerge in some ethnically diverse societies but not others? Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, Dominika Koter argues that the prevailing social structures of a country play a central role in how politicians attempt to mobilize voters. In particular, politicians consider the strength of local leaders, such as chiefs or religious dignitaries, who have historically played a crucial role in many parts of rural Africa. Local leaders can change the electoral dynamics by helping politicians secure votes among people of different ethnicities. Ethnic politics thus can be avoided where there are local leaders who can serve as credible electoral intermediaries between voters and politicians. Koter shows that there is widespread variation in the standing of local leaders across Africa, as a result of long-term historical trends, which has meant that politicians have mobilized voters in qualitatively different ways, resulting in different levels of ethnic politics across the continent.
Making Autocracy Work
Authors: Truex Rory
Published: October 2016

Can meaningful representation emerge in an authoritarian setting? If so, how, when, and why? Making Autocracy Work identifies the trade-offs associated with representation in authoritarian environments and then tests the theory through a detailed inquiry into the dynamics of China's National People's Congress (NPC, the country's highest formal government institution). Rory Truex argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is engineering a system of 'representation within bounds' in the NPC, encouraging deputies to reflect the needs of their constituents, but only for non-sensitive issues. This allows the regime to address citizen grievances while avoiding incendiary political activism. Data on NPC deputy backgrounds and behaviors is used to explore the nature of representation and incentives in this constrained system. The book challenges existing conceptions of representation, authoritarianism, and the future of the Chinese state. Consultative institutions like the NPC are key to making autocracy work.
Failure of Risk-Adjustment by Test Method for C. difficile Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Edmond Michael B. , Ford Bradley A. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Algwizani Abdullah R. , Diekema Daniel J.
Published: October 2016

Using an algorithm including both enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis, we found that the use of NAAT versus EIA almost doubled our hospital-onset CDI laboratory-identified (LabID) event standardized infection ratio (SIR). We recommend that the current risk adjustment approach be modified.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–3
Income Measures in Cross-National Surveys: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Donnelly Michael J , Pop-Eleches Grigore
Published: October 2016

Comparable household income measures are crucial for most social science analyses of cross-national public opinion survey data. However, income questions in many cross-national surveys suffer from comparability and interpretability limitations that have not been adequately addressed by the existing literature. In this article, we examine the income measure in one major survey, the World Values Survey (WVS), arguing that a variety of problems arise when drawing inferences—descriptive or causal, individual or aggregate—using the standard ten-category measure. We then propose and implement a number of corrections to these potential biases and present a series of diagnostics that confirm the importance of our proposed corrections. We conclude by documenting some of the same challenges in the income measures used in other cross-national surveys. The accompanying data set can be merged with the WVS to make better use of the income measure.
What Are the Circumstances of Falls and Fractures in Long-Term Care?
Authors: McArthur Caitlin , Gonzalez David A. , Roy Eric , Giangregorio Lora
Published: October 2016

Cette étude prospective d’observation rend compte des circonstances qui ont conduit à des chutes des résidents dans des établissements de soins de longue durée (SLD) et les caractéristiques des résidents qui ont subi des fractures suite à une chute. Le personnel a enregistré l’emplacement de la chute, le moment de la journée, l’activité dans laquelle un participant a été engagé avant l’incident et si une blessure a été soutenue. Les statistiques descriptives ont été utilisées pour décrire les chutes, et un modèle linéaire généralisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les différences entre les circonstances. Parmi les 101 résidents SLD qui ont participé, 41 pour cent ont eu au moins une chute. Les résidents étaient beaucoup plus susceptibles d’être tombés dans la chambre et tout en marchant. Parmi les 17 chutes entraînant des fractures, la plupart se sont produites dans la chambre à coucher et la salle de bains, tôt le matin; la plupart des résidents qui ont subi des fractures étaient des femmes ayant une déficience cognitive. Pour surveiller les chutes globalement, la surveillance ambulatoire, qui évite les problèmes de confidentialité dans les chambres à coucher ou les salles de bains, peuvent être nécessaires. Les interventions devraient cibler la marche à pied ou l’organisation de la chambre.
Temporal variability of ground thermal regimes on the northern buttress of the Vesleskarvet nunatak, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Kotzé Camilla , Meiklejohn Ian
Published: October 2016

The ground temperature down to 60 cm depth in western Dronning Maud Land (WDML), has been recorded since 2009. The study area is situated in a blockfield that comprises a shallow active layer above permafrost. Using ground thermal regimes and regional climate data, the temporal (seasonal and annual) variability of the active layer was characterized. Active layer depth was calculated for each site for five consecutive summers from 2009/10–2013/14, showing interannual variability with no overall trends of decreasing or increasing active layer depth. Particular attention was paid to 2010 as it matched the average for the ground thermal regimes over the six year study period, as well as the interpolation period used by Meteonorm®. Analysis showed significant synchronous relationships of ground thermal regimes with air temperature and incoming radiation. Moreover, a correlation between pressure and measured ground temperature during the transitional season of the Southern Annual Oscillation in May and September was identified.
Nothing to laugh about – the ongoing illegal trade in laughingthrushes (Garrulax species) in the bird markets of Java, Indonesia
Authors: SHEPHERD CHRIS R. , EATON JAMES A. , CHNG SERENE C. L.
Published: October 2016

In ad hoc survey inventories of eight major bird markets in Java in 2014 and 2015, 615 individuals from nine species of the Garrulax genus were found for sale. The most numerous species was Sunda Laughingthrush Garrulax palliatus (215 individuals), followed by Chinese Hwamei G. canorus and Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush G. mitratus. Prices collected in Jakarta revealed that non-native species were the most expensive. Information from these and previous surveys indicate that prices for Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor appeared to have soared since 2007, suggesting increasing rarity of the species. We urge the Indonesian Government to take action against the illegal trade in laughingthrushes under existing laws, especially for the Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush Garrulax rufifrons which is listed on the national protected species list. We also recommend that the Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor be listed as a protected species under Indonesian law. As wild populations of Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush and Sumatran Laughingthrush are threatened by trade, we recommend an urgent review of the conservation status of both species on the IUCN Red List.
Circulating Scholarship: A Note on a Sanskrit Letter from Bengal circa 1535 ce
Authors: WRIGHT SAMUEL
Published: October 2016

This note examines a Sanskrit letter from Bengal dating to approximately 1535 ce. The letter was assumed to be lost. Addressed to a scholar in the discipline of nyāyaśāstra, the letter is the only available example of a personal letter between Sanskrit scholars from Bengal in the premodern period. First located in 1907 and then subsequently assumed lost, the letter has never been the subject of sustained analysis. This has resulted in a number of disagreements among modern scholars about the identities of the individuals named in the letter. This note provides a translation of the letter and presents arguments for identifying the individuals named in the letter. It then concludes by briefly reflecting upon the importance of the letter and its use in scholarly communication.
Impact of explained v. unexplained front-of-package nutrition labels on parent and child food choices: a randomized trial
Authors: Graham Dan J , Lucas-Thompson Rachel G , Mueller Megan P , Jaeb Melanie , Harnack Lisa
Published: October 2016

Objective

The present study investigated whether parent/child pairs would select more healthful foods when: (i) products were labelled with front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels relative to packages without labels; (ii) products were labelled with colour-coded Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) FOP labels relative to monochromatic Facts up Front (FuF) FOP labels; and (iii) FOP labels were explained via in-aisle signage v. unexplained.

Design

Participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (i) FuF labels with in-aisle signs explaining the labels; (ii) FuF labels, no signage; (iii) MTL labels with in-aisle signage; (iv) MTL labels, no signage; (v) control group, no labels/signage. Saturated fat, sodium, sugar and energy (calorie) content were compared across conditions.

Setting

The study took place in a laboratory grocery aisle.

Subjects

Parent/child pairs (n 153) completed the study.

Results

Results did not support the hypothesis that MTL labels would lead to more healthful choices than FuF labels. The presence of FOP labels did little to improve the healthfulness of selected foods, with few exceptions (participants with v. without access to FOP labels selected lower-calorie cereals, participants with access to both FOP labels and in-aisle explanatory signage selected products with less saturated fat v. participants without explanatory signage).

Conclusions

Neither MTL nor FuF FOP labels led to food choices with significantly lower saturated fat, sodium or sugar. In-aisle signs explaining the FOP labels were somewhat helpful to consumers in making more healthful dietary decisions. New FOP labelling programmes could benefit from campaigns to increase consumer awareness and understanding of the labels.
First Nucleotide Sequence Data from an Electron Microscopy Based DNA Sequencer
Authors: Own C. , Bleloch A. , Lerach W. , Bowell C. , Hamalainen M. , Herschleb J. , Melville C. , Stark J. , Andregg M. , Andregg W.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
High-Resolution LEEM/PEEM by Employing Mirror-Type Aberration Correctors - in Memory of Gertrude F. Rempfer
Authors: Rose H.H.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
High Resolution Imaging and X-Ray Microanalysis at High Count Rate: The Supreme Achievement in Materials Characterization
Authors: Gauvin R. , Joy D.C. , Brodusch N. , Demers H. , Woo P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Peculiarities in FIB Induced Damage of Diamond
Authors: Rubanov S. , Suvorova A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Direct Comparison of X-ray Detector Solid Angles in Analytical Electron Microscopes
Authors: Zaluzec N.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
PROPERTY, SPACE AND SACRED HISTORY IN JOHN LOCKE'STWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT
Authors: PYE TOM
Published: October 2016

Historians have recently begun to gather round imperial, and lately “global,” contexts in which Western political thought might be better understood. John Locke has been pulled along behind them; the contours of his account of private property have increasingly been explained by his personal connections to the colonies. But in his case, the imperial context does less interpretive work than it appears to. This article attempts to show why: it tells a different, more explicitly intellectual, story about why Locke's depiction of property took the shape that it did. It does so by underlining the extent to which seventeenth-century property debates took place in the spatial and temporal dimensions inhabited by sacred history. It then tries to explain why this might have mattered to Locke.
Plasmazell-Myelom
Authors: Hitz Felicitas
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das Plasmazell-Myelom (PM), ist eine Erkrankung des fortgeschrittenen Alters mit hoher Morbidität. Über Jahrzehnte bildeten die klassischen Zytostatika den Behandlungsstandard in der Myelombehandlung, bis ab 2005 die sogenannten neuen Substanzen eingeführt wurden. Ihre ausgezeichnete Wirksamkeit wie auch die gute Verträglichkeit führten dazu, dass die Substanzen heute die Grundlage für neue Behandlungskonzepte bilden, von denen Patienten aller Alterskategorien profitieren.
Heme biomolecule as redox mediator and oxygen shuttle for efficient charging of lithium-oxygen batteries
Authors: Ryu Won-Hee , Gittleson Forrest S. , Thomsen Julianne M. , Li Jinyang , Schwab Mark J. , Brudvig Gary W. , Taylor André D.
Published: October 2016

One of the greatest challenges with lithium-oxygen batteries involves identifying catalysts that facilitate the growth and evolution of cathode species on an oxygen electrode. Heterogeneous solid catalysts cannot adequately address the problematic overpotentials when the surfaces become passivated. However, there exists a class of biomolecules which have been designed by nature to guide complex solution-based oxygen chemistries. Here, we show that the heme molecule, a common porphyrin cofactor in blood, can function as a soluble redox catalyst and oxygen shuttle for efficient oxygen evolution in non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries. The heme’s oxygen binding capability facilitates battery recharge by accepting and releasing dissociated oxygen species while benefiting charge transfer with the cathode. We reveal the chemical change of heme redox molecules where synergy exists with the electrolyte species. This study brings focus to the rational design of solution-based catalysts and suggests a sustainable cross-link between biomolecules and advanced energy storage.
Identification of reference genes for circulating microRNA analysis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Niu Yanqin , Wu Yike , Huang Jinyong , Li Qing , Kang Kang , Qu Junle , Li Furong , Gou Deming
Published: October 2016

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most frequently used method for measuring expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), which is based on normalization to endogenous references. Although circulating miRNAs have been regarded as potential non-invasive biomarker of disease, no study has been performed so far on reference miRNAs for normalization in colorectal cancer. In this study we tried to identify optimal reference miRNAs for qPCR analysis across colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. 485 blood-derived miRNAs were profiled in serum sample pools of both colorectal cancer and healthy control. Seven candidate miRNAs chosen from profiling results as well as three previous reported reference miRNAs were validated using qPCR in 30 colorectal cancer patients and 30 healthy individuals, and thereafter analyzed by statistical algorithms BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder. Taken together, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p and hsa-miR-106b-5p were recommended as a set of suitable reference genes. More interestingly, the three miRNAs validated from 485 miRNAs are derived from a single primary transcript, indicting the cluster may be highly conserved in colorectal cancer. However, all three miRNAs differed significantly between healthy individuals and non-small cell lung cancer or breast cancer patients and could not be used as reference genes in the two types of cancer.
An adamantane-based COF: stability, adsorption capability, and behaviour as a catalyst and support for Pd and Au for the hydrogenation of nitrostyrene
Authors: Trandafir M. M. , Pop L. , Hădade N. D. , Florea M. , Neațu F. , Teodorescu C. M. , Duraki B. , van Bokhoven J. A. , Grosu I. , Pârvulescu Vasile I. , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: October 2016

A bimodal (micro/mesoporous) COF was synthesized by coupling tetrakis-1,3,5,7-(4′-iodophenyl)adamantane with 4,4′-diethynylbiphenyl following a Sonogashira protocol.
The effect of the surface energy and structure of the SiC substrate on epitaxial graphene growth
Authors: Sun Li , Chen Xiufang , Yu Wancheng , Sun Honggang , Zhao Xian , Xu Xiangang , Yu Fan , Liu Yunfeng
Published: October 2016

The theoretical calculations and experiments were employed to study the effect of the exposed SiC surface on epitaxial graphene growth.
A controllable synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported MoS2catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of thiophene
Authors: Hu Jianheng , Zhang Zhenwei , Wang Fei , Zheng Shifu , Cai Jinpeng , Qin Jilong , Liu Wenwen , Liang Shuai , Jiang Xingmao
Published: October 2016

A highly active and stable catalyst for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was developed based on thein situformation of MoS2on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (MoS2/NMC).
Enhanced conversion and stability of biosynthetic selenium nanoparticles using fetal bovine serum
Authors: Song Chao , Li Xiao , Wang Shuguang , Meng Qiwei
Published: October 2016

This study aimed to optimize biosynthetic selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) synthesis using fetal bovine serum (FBS) as part of the culture medium to enhance the conversion efficiency and stability of BioSeNPs.
Amino acid-based ionic liquid surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of heme proteins
Authors: Wang Binghai , Wang Xiong , Wang Juanqiang , Xue Xue , Xi Xingjun , Chu Qiao , Dong Genlai , Wei Yun
Published: October 2016

Amino acid-based ionic liquid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated as an MSPE adsorbent for hemoglobin with a binding capacity of 1.58 g g−1.
Synthesis and characterization of amidoxime modified calix[8]arene for adsorption of U(vi) in low concentration uranium solutions
Authors: Lu Xin , He Shengnan , Zhang Dongxiang , Reda Alemtsehay Tesfay , Liu Cong , Feng Jian , Yang Zhi
Published: October 2016

Amidoxime-calix[8]arene compound was synthesized for the first time and exhibited high adsorption capacity towards uranium in low concentration solutions.
Shuttling and sorting lipid-modified cargo into the cilia
Authors: Stephen Louise A. , Ismail Shehab
Published: October 2016

Primary cilia are hair-like microtubule-based organelles that can be found on almost all human cell types. Although the cilium is not separated from the cell by membranes, their content is different from that of the cell body and their membrane composition is distinct from that of the plasma membrane. Here, we will introduce a molecular machinery that shuttles and sorts lipid-modified proteins to the cilium, thus contributing in maintaining its distinct composition. The mechanism involves the binding of the GDI-like solubilising factors, uncoordinated (UNC)119a, UNC119b and PDE6D, to the lipid-modified ciliary cargo and the specific release of the cargo in the cilia by the ciliary small G-protein Arl3 in a GTP-dependent manner.
Métabolisme et cycle cellulaire, deux processus interconnectés chez les bactéries
Authors: Hallez Régis
Published: October 2016

Afin d’optimiser les chances de survie d’une cellule dans son environnement, le métabolisme et le cycle cellulaire doivent nécessairement être interconnectés. En effet, les cellules possèdent des mécanismes leur permettant, d’une part, de vérifier leur état métabolique avant d’initier l’une ou l’autre étape du cycle cellulaire souvent énergivore et, d’autre part, d’achever certaines étapes du cycle cellulaire avant d’éventuellement modifier leur métabolisme. Parce que les bactéries ne dérogent pas à cette règle, un nombre croissant d’exemples de connexions entre le métabolisme et le cycle cellulaire a émergé ces dernières années. L’identification d’enzymes métaboliques comme messagers coordonnant métabolisme et cycle cellulaire, permet d’ajouter une nouvelle dimension aux cartes métaboliques. La très grande conservation de ces mêmes cartes métaboliques, des bactéries jusqu’à l’homme, permet également d’imaginer des recherches sur les cellules tumorales qui ont un cycle cellulaire débridé et un appétit vorace.
Synthesis of Multivalent [Lys8]-Oxytocin Dendrimers that Inhibit Visceral Nociceptive Responses
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Mobli Mehdi , Brust Andreas , Muttenthaler Markus , Andersson Åsa , Ragnarsson Lotten , Castro Joel , Vetter Irina , Huang Johnny X. , Nilsson Mathias , Brierley Stuart M. , Cooper Matthew A. , Lewis Richard J. , Alewood Paul F.
Published: October 2016

Peptide dendrimers are a novel class of precisely defined macromolecules of emerging interest. Here, we describe the synthesis, structure, binding affinity, receptor selectivity, functional activity, and antinociceptive properties of oxytocin-related dendrimers containing up to 16 copies of [Lys8]-oxytocin or LVT. These were generated using a copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reaction with azido-pegylated LVT peptides on an alkyne–polylysine scaffold. 2D NMR analysis demonstrated that each attached LVT ligand was freely rotating and maintained identical 3D structures in each dendrimeric macromolecule. The binding affinity Ki at the oxytocin receptor increased approximately 17-, 12-, 3-, and 1.5-fold respectively for the 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-mer dendrimeric LVT conjugates, compared with monomer azido-pegylated LVT (Ki = 9.5 nM), consistent with a multivalency effect. A similar trend in affinity was also observed at the related human V1a, V1b, and V2 receptors, with no significant selectivity change observed across this family of receptors. All LVT dendrimers were functionally active in vitro on human oxytocin receptors and inhibited colonic nociceptors potently in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain.
Fossil leaves of Banksia, Banksieae and pretenders: resolving the fossil genus Banksieaephyllum
Authors: Carpenter Raymond J. , Jordan Gregory J. , Hill Robert S.
Published: October 2016

The genus Banksieaephyllum, originally erected for cuticle-bearing fossil leaves of subtribe Banksiinae (Proteaceae subfamily Grevilleoideae, tribe Banksieae), is reassessed. Of the 18 described species, nine are accepted within Banksia, including Banksieaephyllum obovatum Cookson & Duigan, which is synonymised with B. laeve Cookson & Duigan on the basis of new cuticular preparations. Two other species are transferred to Banksieaefolia gen. nov., a genus erected for Banksieae of uncertain affinities, and which presently includes only fossils that probably belong to subtribe Musgraveinae. The seven other Banksieaephyllum species lack definitive characters of Proteaceae (i.e. brachyparacytic stomata and annular trichome bases) and do not have Banksieae-type cylindrical trichome bases. These species are, therefore, not accepted as Proteaceae and are transferred to Pseudobanksia gen. nov., together with another fossil Banksia-like leaf species, Phyllites yallournensis Cookson & Duigan. Lectotypes are chosen for Banksia fastigata H.Deane, Banksieaephyllum acuminatum Cookson & Duigan, Banksieaephyllum angustum Cookson & Duigan and Banksieaephyllum laeve Cookson & Duigan. Implications arising from the re-assessment of Banksieaephyllum include clarification of biome conservatism in Banksieae; Banksia has long had an association with relatively open, sclerophyllous vegetation, and Musgraveinae with rainforest. Pseudobanksia and Banksia share convergent traits, but in contrast to Banksia, Pseudobanksia failed to survive the drying climates and increased fire-frequencies of the Neogene.
Mass loss and release of nutrient from empty fruit bunch of oil palm applied as mulch to newly transplanted oil palm
Authors: Rosenani A. B. , Rabuni W. , Cheah P. , Noraini J.
Published: October 2016

Applying a mulch of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) from processing mills to newly transplanted oil palm is widely practiced for sustainable management and recycling of solid waste from the oil palm industry. Thus, it is important to understand the decomposition and mass loss of EFBs and its nutrient release pattern for better fertility management. The present study was conducted in a newly transplanted oil palm field to investigate the mass loss of applied EFBs and nutrient release pattern over a 12-month period. The treatments evaluated in the present study were: (1) chemical fertiliser (CF) application only; (2) EFB application only; and (3) EFB and CF application (EFB+CF). The treatments were applied immediately after transplanting 13-month-old palms. EFBs were applied around the base of the oil palm at a rate of 170 kg palm–1. Results showed that 50% dry weight of EFB and EFB+CF was lost within 90 days of application. The C : N ratio decreased from 82 to 20 after 180 and 172 days in EFB and EFB+CF respectively. The breakdown of lignin in EFBs was found to be significantly accelerated by the introduction of CF. Soil properties were improved by EFB application with an increase in pH, total mineral N and exchangeable K of the top soil. After 317 DAP, the soil organic C content subjected to treatment with EFB only and EFB+CF was significantly higher (i.e. 1.7%) when compared with that subjected to the control treatment (i.e., 1.3%). Total N increased significantly from 0.06% to 0.12% for both EFB treatments.