bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino baseado em simulação na formação continuada de médicos: análise das percepções de alunos e professores de um Hospital do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Dourado Alessandra Sá Simões , Giannella Tais Rabetti
Published: January 2015

Nos últimos anos, o ensino baseado em simulação (EBS) tem sido cada vez mais utilizado na educação em saúde e especialmente na educação médica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as potencialidades e desafios do EBS no contexto de um curso de formação continuada de médicos: Curso em Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP) Avançado. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação de campo, entrevistas com professores e aplicação de questionários aos alunos do curso. Para análise das percepções dos participantes, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontaram quatro principais potencialidades e desafios do EBS para a formação médica: articulação entre teoria e prática; o erro como oportunidade de aprendizagem; relação entre mundo virtual e mundo real; fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe. Acredita-se que este trabalho possa contribuir com a discussão acerca da utilização do EBS na educação médica, assim como indicar pontos favoráveis e desafios de sua implementação, revelando a importância de pesquisas que aprofundem as questões pedagógicas envolvidas no percurso de aplicação desta metodologia.
Atitudes de estudantes de medicina em relação ao suicídio
Authors: Magalhães Claudia Antunes , Neves Diego Murilo Miranda , Brito Leandro Martins Drumond Moreira , Leite Bárbara Bravo Cruz , Pimenta Mônica Maria de Faria , Vidal Carlos Eduardo Leal
Published: January 2015

INTRODUÇÃO: Profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde atendem indivíduos deprimidos em situação de crise e que tentam suicídio, e as atitudes em relação a esses pacientes podem ser determinantes na evolução dos casos. OBJETIVO: Verificar as atitudes de estudantes frente ao paciente suicida. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo com delineamento transversal realizado com graduandos da Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena(MG) em 2013. Os estudantes foram divididos em dois grupos: pré-clínico e pós-clínico. O instrumento utilizado neste estudo foi o Questionário de Atitudes em Relação ao Comportamento Suicida. RESULTADOS: A comparação dos escores médios obtidos em cada grupo evidenciou diferença significativa, com maior escore apresentado pelo grupo pós-clínico (p=0,028). Esse achado indica que estudantes de períodos mais avançados exibem atitudes mais positivas em relação ao suicídio que alunos iniciantes no curso de Medicina. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que um contato maior com o paciente suicida e maior conhecimento teórico sobre o suicídio e seus fatores determinantes podem ser capazes de modificar de forma favorável as atitudes dos estudantes.
Software interativo: ecocardiografia na avaliaçao da hipertensao arterial
Authors: Segamarchi Fábio Abdalla , Almeida Fernando Antonio de , Moraes Suzana Guimaraes
Published: January 2015

A hipertensao arterial é uma doença muito prevalente, evoluindo com lesoes em órgaos-alvo, alta morbidade e mortalidade. A avaliaçao das repercussoes cardíacas pela ecocardiografia tem papel importante na conduçao clínica dos indivíduos hipertensos, e suas imagens podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta para o ensino. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e avaliar um software, construído com base em imagens ecocardiográficas, abordando de forma ilustrativa e interativa a estrutura e funçao cardíacas normais,bem como as alteraçoes induzidas pela hipertensao arterial. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas imagens ecocardiográficas de indivíduos normais e com comprometimento cardíaco determinado pela hipertensao (hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, miocardiopatia dilatada e infarto do miocárdio). Com estas imagens foi construído um software no programa multimídia Flash, que foi avaliado por estudantes de Medicina (n=38) e Enfermagem (n=18), também submetidos a pré- e pós-teste. RESULTADOS: Os alunos consideraram o software útil, atraente e adequado as atuais metodologias educacionais proativas,promovendo ganho de conhecimento na compreensao do comprometimento cardíaco na hipertensao arterial. Conclusao: O software foi bem avaliado e considerado útil na aquisiçao de conhecimento numa área específica mais prevalente do comprometimento da saúde do adulto.
Metodologias problematizadoras em currículos de graduação médica
Authors: Maia José Antonio
Published: January 2015

A educação, em seus vários níveis, tem o papel de assimilação de uma realidade cultural e de se preparar para resolver problemas referentes a determinada área do conhecimento. Dentre as várias vertentes do ensino, o construtivismo tem exercido influência na formação profissional, manifestada principalmente nas metodologias problematizadoras de ensino-aprendizagem. Em diversas escolas no mundo, o curso de graduação em Medicina tem se mostrado um cenário de aplicação destas modalidades: a aprendizagem baseada em problemas e a problematização. Embora metodologicamente diferentes, ambas trabalham em regiões de desenvolvimento cognitivo potencial dos estudantes, valorizando problemas e não temáticas como pontes entre o conhecimento do aluno e os objetos de aprendizagem. Este trabalho sumaria a utilização das metodologias problematizadoras na formação profissional na graduação médica como estratégias de aproximação da aprendizagem cotidiana do profissional, propondo uma reformulação do arco de Maguerez que torna o esquema mais aplicável às diversas etapas desse processo formativo.
Manejo de plantas daninhas eudicotiledôneas na cultura da soja Roundup Ready
Authors: Rizzardi M.A. , Silva L.
Published: January 2015

As espécies eudicotiledôneas sempre foram um desafio no manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja. Essa dificuldade foi aumentada pelo surgimento de plantas de difícil controle com os herbicidas atualmente existentes no mercado. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de buscar alternativas de manejo que diminuam a pressão de seleção devido ao uso contínuo de glifosato na soja Roundup Ready®. O trabalho foi implantado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco coberturas de inverno (parcelas), seis manejos químicos em pré-semeadura da soja (subparcelas) e três manejos químicos em pós-emergência da soja (sub-subparcelas). Nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados mostrou fitotoxicidade visual às plantas de soja. No entanto, as aplicações sequenciais em pós-emergência diminuíram a altura da soja, mas sem impactar negativamente a sua produtividade. Nos tratamentos com cobertura de aveia, trigo ou azevém, qualquer combinação de aplicações em pré e pós-semeadura propiciou controle de buva acima de 90%. De maneira geral, os tratamentos que propiciaram os maiores controles para leiteiro foram as combinações de glifosato + diclosulam e glifosato + sulfentrazone em pré-semeadura. Quando a soja foi semeada em área de pousio de inverno, a produtividade foi em média 8% inferior do que quando semeada em áreas com cobertura de aveia e trigo. De modo geral, os tratamentos que resultaram em maiores produtividades foram aqueles em que se utilizou glifosato + diclosulam ou glifosato + sulfentrazone na pré-semeadura da soja.
Weed suppression in the formation of brachiarias under three sowing methods
Authors: Lima S.F. , Timossi P.C. , Almeida D.P. , Silva U.R.
Published: January 2015

The success of conservation systems such as no-till depends on adequate soil cover throughout the year, which is possible through the use of cover crops. For this purpose the species belonging to the genus Urochloa has stood out by virtue of its hardiness and tolerance to drought. Aiming ground cover for the no-till system, the objective was to evaluate the establishment of two species of the genus Urochloa, in three sowing methods, in the weed suppression and the sensitivity of these forages to glyphosate. The study design was a randomized block with a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, in which factor A was composed of Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa hybrid CIAT 36087 cv. Mulato II, factor B was formed by sowing methods: sown without embedding, sown with light embedding and sown in rows, and factor C was composed of three doses of glyphosate (0.975, 1.625 and 2.275 kg ha-1 of acid equivalent). For determination of weed suppression, assessment of biomass yield and soil cover was performed, by brachiaria and weeds, at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 258 days after sowing. Visual assessment of the desiccation efficiency at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application was performed. It is concluded that embedding Urochloa seeds stands out in relation to sowing in the soil surface. Urochloa ruziziensis is more efficient in the dry weight yield, weed suppression, in addition to being more sensitive to glyphosate herbicide.
Dormancy studies on Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus spp.: major weeds of arid areas
Authors: Ikram R.M. , Tanveer A. , Ata Z. , Saqib M.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the dormancy behavior of Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus spp., weeds of arid chickpea. The dormancy breaking treatments were: Gibberalic acid (GA3) and Thiourea each at 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm and Potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 ppm (24 h soaking). Germination (G) percentage and germination energy (GE) of E. dracunculoides was maximum (89 and 22, respectively) at 250 ppm concentration of GA3 and 81.50 and 11.50 at 15000 ppm concentration of KNO3. Thiourea at 250 and 300 ppm resulted in maximum G percentage (51) and GE (25.50) of E. dracunculoides, whereas the G percentage and GE of Astragalus spp. were maximum (28 and 19, respectively) at the lowest concentration of GA3 (50 ppm). On the other hand, 5000 ppm and 150 ppm concentration of KNO3 and Thiourea showed maximum GE (19.5) and G percentage (28) of Astragalus spp., respectively. Overall, effective dormancy breaking chemical against E. dracunculoides was GA3 (250 ppm) while in Astragalus spp. none of chemicals showed very impressive results. These results showed that both weeds' seeds have dormancy in their habit. Hot water treatment and the above mentioned chemicals (best concentrations) when used with 4, 8, and 12 hours soaking showed ineffective results.
Chemical control of Pileamicrophylla in cattleya seedlings (Cattleyatenebrosa x Cattleyaleopoldy)
Authors: Battistus A.G. , Klein J. , Costa N.V. , Guimarães V.F. , Hoffmann V.
Published: January 2015

Species of the orchidaceae family are grown for marketing flowers and among them the genus Cattleya stands out. However, due to its slow growth, the substrate is subjected to weed infestation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in controlling Pilea microphylla in Cattleya orchid seedlings (Cattleya tenebrosa x Cattleya leopoldy). We used a completely randomized design with four replications. The evaluated herbicides were oxyfluorfen (0, 120, 240 and 480 g ha-1), flumioxazin (0, 12.5, 25 and 40 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (0, 20, 40 and 80 g ha-1) mesotrione (0, 96, 144 and 192 g ha-1), clethodim (0, 60, 84 and 108 g ha-1) and metsulfuron-methyl (0, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 g ha-1). At post-emergence applying time, the Cattleya plants had three bulb sand were 10 cm tall, while P. microphylla, where 5 cm tall. Nicosulfuron, mesotrione and clethodim herbicides did not control P. microphylla, while oxyfluorfen and flumioxazin showed over 90% efficiency level sin controlling P. microphyllafrom 14 days after application (DAA). As to metsulfuron-methyl, it showed efficiency superior to 90% from the control dose of 1.8 g ha-1 at 28 DAA. All herbicides were selective plants of Cattleya, however, only oxyfluorfen, flumioxazin and metsulfuron-methyl were effective in controlling P. microphylla.
O estudo de saberes profissionais na perspectiva etnográfica: contribuições teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Ramos Marise Nogueira
Published: January 2015

O artigo discute a contribuição teórico-metodológica da etnografia para o estudo dos saberes profissionais. Defende o não abandono das determinações estruturais nessa perspectiva de análise, situando categorias do método histórico-dialético como necessárias para a reconstrução da relação entre singularidades e particularidades dos grupos profissionais e a totalidade social. Para isso, apresenta o conceito de saber profissional, relacionando-o com os conceitos de cultura e experiência, seguido de características e princípios da etnografia profissional, chegando a elementos práticos da pesquisa etnográfica. As considerações finais esclarecem que estudos sobre experiência, cultura e saberes profissionais permitem compreender sua natureza fenomênica e captar mediações da relação entre trabalho e educação, de modo a ver em que medida, ao se constituírem como grupos profissionais, os trabalhadores potencializam sua organização como sujeitos de classe.
Itinerância severina de jovens e adultos do campo: exclusão do direito à escola em memórias e projetos de futuro
Authors: Azevêdo Alessandro Augusto de
Published: January 2015

A exclusão do direito à escola é analisada a partir de sua presença nas memórias de sujeitos jovens e adultos de um assentamento de reforma agrária localizado no município brasileiro de João Câmara, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Por meio de entrevistas, os sujeitos revelaram suas memórias e o campo de representações sociais constituintes da relação que estabelecem com o fenômeno escolar, considerando o não acesso à escola quando viviam (anteriormente à conquista da terra) de forma itinerante e o contexto da nova realidade ainda precária de assentado. No âmbito das memórias, se encontram narrativas que explicam a trajetória de desencontro entre os sujeitos e os processos escolares, que redundam em suas respectivas autocategorizações como "rudes". No contexto das suas representações sociais, categorizamos duas dimensões que se relacionam aos seus respectivos projetos de futuro e que denominamos de expectativas de futuro territorial e expectativas de futuro geracional.
Blood count and C-reactive protein evolution in gastric cancer patients with total gastrectomy surgery
Authors: J. Attila CSENDES , Ch. Andrea MUÑOZ , L. Ana María BURGOS
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND: The complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are useful inflammatory parameters for ruling out acute postoperative inflammatory complications. AIM: To determine their changes in gastric cancer patients submitted to total gastrectomy. METHODS: This is a prospective study, with 36 patients with gastric cancer who were submitted to elective total gastrectomy. On the first, third and fifth postoperative day (POD), blood count and CRP changes were assessed. Patients with postoperative complications were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one (58%) were men and 15 (42%) women. The mean age was 65 years. The leukocytes peaked on the 1st POD with a mean of 13,826 u/mm³, and decreased to 8,266 u/mm³ by the 5th POD. The bacilliforms peaked on the 1st POD with a maximum value of 1.48%. CRP reached its maximum level on the 3rd POD with a mean of 144.64 mg/l±44.84. Preoperative hematocrit (HCT) was 35% and 33.67% by the 5th POD. Hemoglobin, showed similar values. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocytes increased during the 1st POD but reached normal values by the 5th POD. CRP peaked on the 3rd POD but did not reach normal values by the 5th POD.
Evaluation of urgent esophagectomy in esophageal perforation
Authors: AQUINO José Luis Braga de , CAMARGO José Gonzaga Teixeira de , CECCHINO Gustavo Nardini , PEREIRA Douglas Alexandre Rizzanti , BENTO Caroline Agnelli , LEANDRO-MERHI Vânia Aparecida
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND: Esophageal trauma is considered one of the most severe lesions of the digestive tract. There is still much controversy in choosing the best treatment for cases of esophageal perforation since that decision involves many variables. The readiness of medical care, the patient's clinical status, the local conditions of the perforated segment, and the severity of the associated injuries must be considered for the most adequate therapeutic choice. AIM: To demonstrate and to analyze the results of urgent esophagectomy in a series of patients with esophageal perforation. METHODS: A retrospective study of 31 patients with confirmed esophageal perforation. Most injuries were due to endoscopic dilatation of benign esophageal disorders, which had evolved with stenosis. The diagnosis of perforation was based on clinical parameters, laboratory tests, and endoscopic images. The main surgical technique used was transmediastinal esophagectomy followed by reconstruction of the digestive tract in a second surgical procedure. Patients were evaluated for the development of systemic and local complications, especially for the dehiscence or stricture of the anastomosis of the cervical esophagus with either the stomach or the transposed colon. RESULTS: Early postoperative evaluation showed a survival rate of 77.1% in relation to the proposed surgery, and 45% of these patients presented no further complications. The other patients had one or more complications, being pulmonary infection and anastomotic fistula the most frequent. The seven patients (22.9%) who underwent esophageal resection 48 hours after the diagnosis died of sepsis. At medium and long-term assessments, most patients reported a good quality of life and full satisfaction regarding the surgery outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the morbidity, emergency esophagectomy has its validity, especially in well indicated cases of esophageal perforation subsequent to endoscopic dilation for benign strictures.
Relationship between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and intra-abdominal pressure in intensive care unit
Authors: FREITAS Gustavo Rocha Costa de , FONSECA-NETO Olival Cirilo Lucena da , PINHEIRO Carla Larissa Fernandes , ARAÚJO Luiz Clêiner , BARBOSA Roberto Esmeraldo Nogueira , ALVES Pedro
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND: Patients in the intensive care unit are at risk of developing intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. AIM: To describe the relation between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) vs. intra-abdominal pressure and the relation between SOFA and risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension. METHOD: In accordance with the recommendations of the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, the present study measured the intra-abdominal pressure of patients 24 h and 48 h after admission to the unit and calculated the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h. Data was collected over two-month period. RESULTS: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure. Seventy percent of the patients were men and the mean age was 44 years, 10% had been referred from general surgery (with a mean intra-abdominal pressure of 11) and 65% from neurosurgery (with a mean intra-abdominal of 6.7). Only three (7.5%) presented with intra-abdominal hypertension. The highest SOFA was 15 and the most frequent kind of organ failure was neurological, with a frequency of 77%. There was a strong correlation between the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h and peak respiratory pressure (ρ=0.43/p=0.01; ρ=0.39/p=0.02). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure in the patients covered by the present study. However, it is possible in patients undergoing abdominal surgery or those with abdominal sepsis. Não houve correlação entre o SOFA e a pressão intra-abdominal nos pacientes aqui estudados; contudo, sinalizou ser possível em pacientes com operação abdominal ou naqueles com sepse abdominal.
Outcomes from mesenteric-portal axis resection during pancreatectomy
Authors: AMICO Enio Campos , ALVES José Roberto , JOÃO Samir Assi , MOREIRA Ricardo Wagner da Costa , SILVA NETO José Linhares da , MEDEIROS Joafran Alexandre Costa de
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND: Due to their complexity and risks, mesenteric-portal axis resection and reconstruction during the pancreatectomy procedure were not recommended back in the early nineties. However, as per technical improvements and the reduction in morbidity and mortality rates, they have been routinely indicated in large medical centers. AIM: To show results from cases of patients subjected to mesenteric-portal axis resection during pancreatectomy. METHOD: Patients subjected to mesenteric-portal axis resection during pancreatectomy were prospectively and consecutively assessed. The procedure was indicated according to anatomical criteria defined by imaging exams or intraoperative assessment. RESULTS: Ten patients, half of them were male, with mean age of 55.7 years (40-76) were included. The most frequent underlying diseases were pancreatic adenocarcinoma and Frantz tumor. The circumferential resection of the portal vein associated with the superior mesenteric vein with splenic vein ligature (4 cases=40%) and the primary anastomosis of the vascular stumps (5 cases=50%) were, respectively, the most performed types of vascular resection and reconstruction. Surgery time ranged from 480 to 600 minutes (average=556 minutes) and postoperative hospitalization time ranged from 9 to 114 days (average=34.8 days). Morbidity rate was 60%, and clinical pancreatic fistula (grade B and C) was the most common complication (3 cases=30%). Mortality rate was 10% (1 case). CONCLUSION: Mesenteric-portal axis resection is a valid technical procedure. It should be taken into account after a clinical assessment that included not only the patients' clinical condition but also the technical and anatomical conditions of the mesenteric-portal axis tumor infiltration as well as life expectancy based on the patient's cancer prognosis.
Laparoscopic management of cholecystocolic fistula
Authors: CONDE Lauro Massaud , TAVARES Pedro Monnerat , QUINTES Jorge Luiz Delduque , CHERMONT Ronny Queiroz , PEREZ Mario Castro Alvarez
Published: January 2015

INTRODUCTION: Cholecystocolic fistula is a rare complication of gallbladder disease. Its clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, and the diagnosis is made, mostly, incidentally during intraoperative maneuver. Cholecystectomy with closure of the fistula is considered the treatment of choice for the condition, with an increasingly reproducible tendency to the use of laparoscopy. AIM: To describe the laparoscopic approach for cholecystocolic fistula and ratify its feasibility even with the unavailability of more specific instruments. TECHNIQUE: After dissection of the communication and section of the gallbladder fundus, the fistula is externalized by an appropriate trocar and sutured manually. Colonic segment is reintroduced into the cavity and cholecystectomy is performed avoiding the conversion procedure to open surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy for resolution of cholecystocolic fistula isn't only feasible, but also offers a shorter stay at hospital and a milder postoperative period when compared to laparotomy.
Acute liver failure and self-medication
Authors: OLIVEIRA André Vitorio Câmara de , ROCHA Frederico Theobaldo Ramos , ABREU Sílvio Romero de Oliveira
Published: January 2015

INTRODUCTION: Not responsible self-medication refers to drug use in high doses without rational indication and often associated with alcohol abuse. It can lead to liver damage and drug interactions, and may cause liver failure. AIM: To warn about how the practice of self-medication can be responsible for acute liver failure. METHOD: Were used the Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO and Lilacs, and additional information on institutional sites of interest crossing the headings acute liver failure [tiab] AND acetaminophen [tiab]; self-medication [tiab] AND acetaminophen [tiab]; acute liver failure [tiab] AND dietary supplements [tiab]; self-medication [tiab] AND liver failure [tiab] and self-medication [tiab] AND green tea [tiab]. In Lilacs and SciELO used the descriptor self medication in Portuguese and Spanish. From total surveyed were selected 27 articles and five sites specifically related to the purpose of this review. CONCLUSIONS: Legislation and supervision disabled and information inaccessible to people, favors the emergence of cases of liver failure drug in many countries. In the list of released drugs that deserve more attention and care, are some herbal medicines used for the purpose of weight loss, and acetaminophen. It is recommended that institutes of health intensify supervision and better orient their populations on drug seemingly harmless, limiting the sale of products or requiring a prescription for release them.
Empregabilidade de pessoas com deficiência no município de Santos/SP: mapeamento de políticas públicas e práticas institucionais
Authors: Lima Laís Batista de , Jurdi Andrea Perosa Saigh
Published: January 2015

Apesar dos gradativos avanços que o Brasil vem mostrando em relação aos direitos e legislações direcionados às pessoas com deficiência (PcD), a participação ativa dos mesmos na sociedade relacionado à plena inclusão na esfera do trabalho ainda se mostra distante do esperado. Em nossa sociedade o trabalho aparece como um importante fator para a valorização do indivíduo, que ao realizar atividades laborais se sente parte integrante e ativa nas relações sociais cotidianas. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar e analisar as práticas institucionais e políticas públicas existentes no município de Santos voltadas à empregabilidade da pessoa com deficiência. Para isso, foram realizadas visitas/entrevistas nas instituições que atendem esse público e declararam desenvolver atividades relacionadas à inserção de PcD no mercado competitivo de trabalho. Através da aplicação da entrevista semi estruturada, foi possível mapear as metodologias utilizadas pelas instituições para inclusão de pessoa com deficiência no mercado de trabalho, além de analisar suas ações territoriais e sua importância para os usuários. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que não há políticas específicas no município de Santos/SP voltadas para a inserção de pessoas com deficiência no universo do trabalho e que, apesar dos esforços de algumas poucas instituições da cidade para capacitar esse público, ainda não há um parâmetro da metodologia adotada que oriente seus projetos de empregabilidade, tendo cada instituição sua forma singular de trabalhar, dificultando a garantia de um atendimento eficaz e de qualidade, que vise a plena inclusão do sujeito.
A percepção dos coordenadores de licenciaturas da UEL sobre altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Cianca Fabiane Silva Chueire , Marquezine Maria Cristina
Published: January 2015

O presente relato de pesquisa procura mostrar como a temática de altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/SD) foi vislumbrada por docentes do ensino superior, buscando conhecer, mais especificamente, qual percepção tinham os coordenadores dos colegiados dos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) acerca desse tema. Objetivou-se identificar a percepção dos coordenadores dos colegiados dos cursos de licenciatura da UEL a respeito de AH/SD. A pesquisa descritiva, de análise quali-quantitativa, teve como participantes 14 docentes, coordenadores dos colegiados das licenciaturas. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada para a coleta de dados. Após a transcrição, as falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que a percepção dos docentes sobre a temática AH/SD era ainda elementar, utilizaram do senso comum ao tratar da superdotação, não reconheciam seus estudantes com potencial de AH/SD; entretanto, apontavam diversos indicadores em alunos, dos cursos nos quais atuavam, condizentes com os elencados na literatura da área. Notou-se, portanto, que é preciso que pesquisas nesta área continuem sendo realizadas e que sejam ofertadas formações para que os docentes do ensino superior possam desvencilhar-se de ideias próprias do senso comum e dos mitos que envolvem a temática AH/SD.
The European Medicines Agency Approval of Axitinib (Inlyta) for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After Failure of Prior Treatment With Sunitinib or a Cytokine: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Tzogani Kyriaki , Skibeli Venke , Westgaard Ingunn , Dalhus Marianne , Thoresen Hege , Slot Karsten Bruins , Damkier Per , Hofland Kenneth , Borregaard Jeanett , Ersbøll Jens , Salmonson Tomas , Pieters Ronny , Sylvester Richard , Mickisch Gerald , Bergh Jonas , Pignatti Francesco
Published: January 2015

Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Based on the positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), a marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) was issued for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine. The demonstration of clinical benefit for axitinib was based on a phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study of axitinib compared with sorafenib in patients with advanced RCC after failure of a prior systemic first-line regimen containing one or more of the following agents: sunitinib, bevacizumab plus interferon-α, temsirolimus, or cytokines. In the primary analysis, a 2-month increase in median progression-free survival (PFS) was observed for axitinib compared with sorafenib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.665; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.544–0.812; p < .0001). In the subgroup of patients with a prior cytokine-containing regimen, the increase in median PFS associated with axitinib was 5.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.519; 95% CI: 0.375–0.720; p < .0001). In the subgroup of patients with prior sunitinib treatment, the increase in median PFS was 1.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.736; 95% CI: 0.578–0.937; p = .0063). The analysis of overall survival showed no statistically significant survival benefit of axitinib over sorafenib in patients previously treated with cytokine-containing regimens (HR: 0.813; 95% CI: 0.556–1.191) or sunitinib (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.782–1.270). The most common treatment-related adverse events associated with axitinib included diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, dysphonia, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Most of these events were mild or moderate in severity. This paper summarizes the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the EU. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the EMA website (http://www.ema.europa.eu).
Entomologia Forense e Cronotanatognose: Insetos de Importância Médico-Legal
Authors: Raphael Eduardo Marques Gonçalves
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a aplicação da Entomologia Forense como recurso para elucidação de mortes violentas, suspeitas ou súbitas, relacionando os principais insetos de importância forense. Sua contribuição para a determinação do tempo (cronotanatognose), causa, modo e local de morte a ser investigada, baseia-se em informações adquiridas a partir do estudo dos insetos encontrados no cadáver e ao redor deste, os quais utilizam seus tecidos para alimentação, passando parte de seu ciclo biológico neste cadáver. Dentre os insetos, as ordens Diptera e Coleoptera são as principais representantes da fauna cadavérica, onde a ordem Diptera predomina nos estágios iniciais da decomposição cadavérica e a ordem Coleptera predomina nos estágios finais. Quanto à ordem Diptera, os principais insetos de importância forense, sendo os mais abundantes e primeiros a colonizarem o cadáver são: Famí­lia Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia eximia, Hemilucilia segmentaria e Hemilucilia semidiaphana; Família Sacophagidae: Pattonella intermutans e Pattonella resona; Família Muscidae: Ophyra aenescens e Synthesiomyia nudiseta; Famí­lia Faniidae: Fannia pusio. Quanto à  ordem Coleoptera, os principais insetos de importância forense são: Oxyletrum disciolle (família Silphidae), Necrobia rufipes (família Cleridae) e Dermestes maculatus (famí­lia Dermestidae), sendo estes fundamentais na investigação de cadéveres em estado avançado de decomposição, onde os tecidos e fluidos corporais não são mais viáveis. No presente trabalho, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico utilizando os descritores forensic entomology e time since death na base de dados Pub Med entre os anos 1980 e 2013, sendo também utilizadas duas publicações em meio virtual e livros de referência.
Effective time closures: quantifying the conservation benefits of input control for the Pacific chub mackerel fishery
Authors: Ichinokawa Momoko , Okamura Hiroshi , Watanabe Chikako , Kawabata Atsushi , Oozeki Yoshioki
Published: January 2015

Restricting human access to a specific wildlife species, community, or ecosystem, i.e., input control, is one of the most popular tools to control human impacts for natural resource management and wildlife conservation. However, quantitative evaluations of input control are generally difficult, because it is unclear how much human impacts can actually be reduced by the control. We present a model framework to quantify the effectiveness of input control using day closures to reduce actual fishing impact by considering the observed fishery dynamics. The model framework was applied to the management of the Pacific stock of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fishery, in which fishing was suspended for one day following any day when the total mackerel catch exceeded a threshold level. We evaluated the management measure according to the following steps: (1) we fitted the daily observed catch and fishing effort data to a generalized linear model (GLM) or generalized autoregressive state‐space model (GASSM), (2) we conducted population dynamics simulations based on annual catches randomly generated from the parameters estimated in the first step, (3) we quantified the effectiveness of day closures by comparing the results of two simulation scenarios with and without day closures, and (4) we conducted additional simulations based on different sets of explanatory variables and statistical models (sensitivity analysis). In the first step, we found that the GASSM explained the observed data far better than the simple GLM. The model parameterized with the estimates from the GASSM demonstrated that the day closures implemented from 2004 to 2009 would have decreased exploitation fractions by ~10% every year and increased the 2009 stock biomass by 37–46% (median), relative to the values without day closures. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the effectiveness of day closures was particularly influenced by autoregressive processes in the fishery data and by positive relationships between fishing effort and total biomass. Those results indicated the importance of human behavioral dynamics under input control in quantifying the conservation benefit of natural resource management and the applicability of our model framework to the evaluation of the input controls that are actually implemented.
Modeling carbon–nutrient interactions during the early recovery of tundra after fire
Authors: Jiang Yueyang , Rastetter Edward B. , Rocha Adrian V. , Pearce Andrea R. , Kwiatkowski Bonnie L. , Shaver Gaius .R
Published: January 2015

Fire frequency has dramatically increased in the tundra of northern Alaska, USA, which has major implications for the carbon budget of the region and the functioning of these ecosystems, which support important wildlife species. We investigated the postfire succession of plant and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) fluxes and stocks along a burn severity gradient in the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar in northern Alaska. Modeling results indicated that the early regrowth of postfire tundra vegetation was limited primarily by its canopy photosynthetic potential, rather than nutrient availability, because of the initially low leaf area and relatively high inorganic N and P concentrations in soil. Our simulations indicated that the postfire recovery of tundra vegetation was sustained predominantly by the uptake of residual inorganic N (i.e., in the remaining ash), and the redistribution of N and P from soil organic matter to vegetation. Although residual nutrients in ash were higher in the severe burn than the moderate burn, the moderate burn recovered faster because of the higher remaining biomass and consequent photosynthetic potential. Residual nutrients in ash allowed both burn sites to recover and exceed the unburned site in both aboveground biomass and production five years after the fire. The investigation of interactions among postfire C, N, and P cycles has contributed to a mechanistic understanding of the response of tundra ecosystems to fire disturbance. Our study provided insight on how the trajectory of recovery of tundra from wildfire is regulated during early succession.
Intervention for First Graders With Limited Number Knowledge
Authors: Gersten Russell , Rolfhus Eric , Clarke Ben , Decker Lauren E. , Wilkins Chuck , Dimino Joseph
Published: January 2015

Replication studies are extremely rare in education. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a scale-up replication of Fuchs et al., which in a sample of 139 found a statistically significant positive impact for Number Rockets, a small-group intervention for at-risk first graders that focused on building understanding of number operations. The study was relatively small scale (one site) and highly controlled. This replication was implemented at a much larger scale—in 76 schools in four urban districts; 994 at-risk students participated. Intervention students participated in approximately 30 hours of small-group work in addition to classroom instruction; control students received typical instruction and whatever assistance the teacher would normally provide. Intervention students showed significantly superior performance on a broad measure of mathematics proficiency.
La « bataille de Paris », une bataille géopolitique
Authors: Jeanne Matthieu
Published: January 2015

Les élections municipales de 2014 ont confirmé l’ancrage de la gauche à Paris. Malgré un contexte politique national très défavorable aux socialistes, Anne Hidalgo, la dauphine de Bertrand Delanoë, a battu sa rivale Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet : elle offre ainsi à la gauche sa troisième victoire depuis 2001 dans une ville qui fut, tout au long du XX e siècle, un bastion de droite. Analysé souvent, schématiquement, comme l’effet mécanique des mutations de la sociologie parisienne, le succès, même relatif, de la gauche dans la capitale doit pourtant être avant tout lu comme le résultat d’une intense bataille géopolitique . L’analyse des rivalités d’acteurs, des stratégies spatiales des candidats et des effets électoraux des politiques publiques mises en place depuis 2001 est ainsi essentielle pour comprendre les enjeux complexes d’un scrutin atypique, où l’objectif n’est pas d’être majoritaire en voix, au niveau de la ville, mais de remporter des arrondissements.
La nouvelle équation politique bastiaise en 2014 : une coalition politique « inédite » à la conquête de la citadelle radicale et communiste
Authors: Martinetti Joseph
Published: January 2015

Les résultats des élections municipales de mars 2014 à Bastia ont abouti à une aventure politique inédite. Ces élections ont permis à une coalition politique hétéroclite, de désigner, pour la première fois en Corse, un nationaliste modéré comme maire d’une commune importante. Une stratégie d’ouverture tous azimuts lui a en effet permis de fédérer un arc politique qui va de la droite libérale à la gauche libertaire et de mettre ainsi un terme au long épisode des mandatures radicales de gauche depuis 1968. Les enseignements de cette campagne électorale sont multiples et ses conséquences politiques et idéologiques dépasseront les limites de la seule commune de Bastia. L’« exception politique bastiaise » qui a consisté à conduire les affaires de la cité selon une conception républicaine et sociale de la Corse au sein de la nation française prend fin et laisse place à un « conglomérat » qui ne peut trouver sa cohérence qu’autour de la quête d’un consensus « réformiste » à définir.
La métropole de Lyon. Splendeurs et fragilités d'une machine intercommunale
Authors: Galimberti Deborah , Lobry Sylvaine , Pinson Gilles , Rio Nicolas
Published: January 2015

Cet article vise à mettre au jour les dynamiques politiques qui ont fait de la communauté urbaine de Lyon, en passe de se transformer en métropole, l’un des plus puissants gouvernements métropolitains en Europe. Cette puissance tient à la conjonction de deux facteurs : le consensus associant l’essentiel des élites urbaines autour d’un agenda de croissance et d’attractivité ; l’identification de la structure intercommunale comme le véhicule principal de cet agenda. Ce modèle a sans doute atteint ses limites, que la récente réforme risque d’exacerber. L’article distingue trois types de défis auxquels la future métropole de Lyon sera confrontée : un défi organisationnel lié à l’absorption de nouvelles compétences ; un défi intergouvernemental lié à la dégradation des relations avec les autres collectivités, et notamment la Région Rhône-Alpes ; un défi politique avec l’effritement de la domination politique exercée par le maire-président et du consensus autour de l’agenda de croissance et d’attractivité.
Les découvertes tardives de grossesse
Authors: Araújo-Attali Luisa
Published: January 2015

Actuellement l’expression « déni de grossesse » tend à recouvrir l’ensemble des « découvertes tardives » de grossesse. Or, la théorie psychanalytique et la clinique laissent apparaître que ces « découvertes tardives » seraient un symptôme pouvant cacher au moins trois mécanismes de défense distincts : dénégation, déni et forclusion, chacun lié à une position subjective différente par rapport à la maternité. Suite à une présentation généalogique de l’expression « déni de grossesse », nous développerons cette hypothèse de recherche et la mettrons à l’épreuve de la clinique. Nous verrons que la théorie psychanalytique permet d’amener un distinguo dans les découvertes tardives et de relativiser l’expression « déni de grossesse », en évitant que cette notion ne recouvre un ensemble hétéroclite.
Se nourrir dans les rues et sur les chemins de l’Occident musulman (XIIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Rosenberger Bernard
Published: January 2015

Nous avons rassemblé ici des informations sur un type particulier de nourritures offertes du xiie au xvie siècle dans les rues de villes musulmanes d’Espagne et du Maghreb, ainsi que sur celles préparées au Maghreb, jusqu’à une période récente, pour des voyageurs et autres itinérants. Les sources les plus riches, comme des manuels de police des marchés, sont de nature juridique. Elles ont pu être complétées, dans la première partie de cette étude, par des traités médicaux et des livres de cuisine datant des xiie et xiiie siècles. La documentation de la seconde partie repose largement sur des témoignages de voyageurs, qui à des titres divers ont séjourné et circulé en Afrique du Nord, au Maroc essentiellement, du xvie au xviiie siècle.
Les descriptions d’un banquet royal au Ndongo (Angola) en 1560 par le jésuite António Mendes : l’ambivalence des sources coloniales
Authors: Lima Dora De
Published: January 2015

Lorsque les premiers missionnaires jésuites arrivent à Luanda, en 1559, la région connaît de fortes tensions entre le roi du Congo, Diogo Ier, et le ngola qui souhaite s’émanciper de la tutelle congolaise. Francisco de Gouveia fit partie d’une ambassade portugaise composée d’un autre prêtre jésuite, de deux frères et du futur gouverneur de la colonie d’Angola, Paulo Dias de Novais. Les quatre missionnaires qui accompagnaient l’ambassadeur ont laissé des témoignages divers sur cet épisode des relations avec le ngola. António Mendes est l’un des deux frères et a laissé deux lettres. Celles-ci relatent de façon détaillée le banquet organisé par le ngola en 1559 pour la réception de l’ambassade portugaise. De l’emplacement des convives au partage commun de vin de palme, António Mendes fournit de précieuses informations sur l’histoire des festins royaux du Ndongo à la fin du xvie siècle. Je propose de dresser un tableau comparatif des deux documents, en dégageant les déformations et les inexactitudes qu’ils comportent. J’apporte dans un premier temps des éclaircissements sur les causes des contradictions qui ont lieu entre des documents écrits et destinés aux mêmes acteurs, à seulement quelques mois d’intervalle. Ce premier volet méthodologique permet de tirer des conclusions plus larges sur les savoirs fragmentaires qui caractérisent les sources coloniales de l’Angola ancien. Puis, à travers le croisement de ces documents avec des récits plus tardifs sur les habitudes alimentaires des Mbundu et des descriptions des banquets des ngola, je présente certaines caractéristiques des festins de cour des élites mbundu jusqu’à la conquête militaire définitive du Ndongo par les Portugais en 1671.
La conception stoïcienne de la « bonne délibération » (εὐβουλία) : une réponse à Platon et Aristote ?
Authors: Aubert-Baillot Sophie
Published: January 2015

Dans cet article, nous examinons une notion éthique à la fois importante et polysémique, l’εὐβουλία, que les Stoïciens ont remodelée en s’inspirant principalement de Platon mais aussi, dans une moindre mesure, d’Aristote. Définie comme une science et une vertu, portant sur l’action comme sur la théorie, elle a pour objet l’utile et illustre à ce titre l’intérêt du Portique pour une sagesse ancrée dans la pratique. Dépouillée chez les Stoïciens de sa dimension politique, elle permet à l’homme ou à Dieu, dans un dialogue intérieur, de bien délibérer sur l’individu, dont les intérêts se confondent avec ceux de la collectivité, ou sur l’univers.
L’innervation technique du regard et de la mémoire en Amérique latine
Authors: Calderón Natalia
Published: January 2015

La photographie a eu un rôle fondamental en Amérique latine à cause d’une certaine contemporanéité entre l’appareil et la construction des premières nations américaines. Le rôle de la photographie n’est donc pas accessoire et il constitue plutôt une véritable mise en forme de la perception et un outil de construction de la mémoire en Amérique. Parce que le concept d’outil en tant qu’externalisation des capacités humaines nous semble insatisfaisant pour parler de l’appareil photographique et de son rôle, il nous semble nécessaire de recourir au concept d’innervation technique pour rendre compte de la nouvelle perception qui naît dans le Nouveau Monde.
Le cinéma ou l’art de laisser revenir les fantômes : une approche à partir de J. Derrida
Authors: Vera Adolfo
Published: January 2015

Spectres de Marx (1993) aura été l’ouvrage qui aura donné ses lettres de citoyenneté philosophique à la catégorie de spectralité en tant qu’elle est en mesure de rendre compte de complexes rapports entre violence politique, crise de la représentation et nouvelles technologies. Nous essayerons dans cet article de pointer comment cette théorie pourrait aussi porter ses fruits en considérant le cas de l’appareil cinématographique. Pour ce faire, on considérera notamment deux interventions publiques – Derrida n’a presque pas écrit sur le cinéma – où Derrida a mis au point ce que nous pourrions appeler un programme théorique pour établir une philosophie spectrale du cinéma, où les questions – essentielles dans sa pensée – de la trace, de l’archive, de l’oubli, de la répétition et de la technique seront fondamentales.
Le « montage » dans l’esthétique poétique de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf (poète Mapuche Huilliche)
Authors: Hermosilla Claudia Arellano
Published: January 2015

Le texte qui suit, examine comment l’esthétique et la poétique de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf, matérialise un lieu discursif de et à partir de l’abject. Miranda Rupailaf est capable de menacer l’homogénéité des mythes fondateurs de la tradition judéo-chrétienne et met en place la construction de nouvelles subjectivités, toujours dans un processus continu de production et de reproduction du capital symbolique. C’est grâce à la puissance de la littérature, que nous pouvons reconstruire les « montages » du discours fabriqués historiquement et charger de nouvelles significations.