bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune Influencers in Action: Metabolites and Enzymes of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Tóth Fanni , Polyák Helga , Szabó Ágnes , Mándi Yvette , Vécsei László
Published: June 2021

The tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a main player of TRP metabolism through which more than 95% of TRP is catabolized. The pathway is activated by acute and chronic immune responses leading to a wide range of illnesses including cancer, immune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. The TRP-KYN pathway synthesizes multifarious metabolites including oxidants, antioxidants, neurotoxins, neuroprotectants, and immunomodulators. The immunomodulators are known to facilitate the immune system towards a tolerogenic state, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) that is commonly present in obesity, poor nutrition, exposer to chemicals or allergens, prodromal stage of various illnesses, and chronic diseases. KYN, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and cinnabarinic acid are aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that serve as immunomodulators. Furthermore, TRP-KYN pathway enzymes are known to be activated by the stress hormone cortisol and inflammatory cytokines, and genotypic variants were observed to contribute to inflammation and thus various diseases. The tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, the indoleamine 2, 3-oxygenases, and the kynurenine-3-monooxygenase are main enzymes in the pathway. This review article discusses the TRP-KYN pathway with special emphasis on its interaction with the immune system and the tolerogenic shift towards chronic LGI and overviews the major symptoms, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and toxic and protective KYNs to explore the linkage between chronic LGI, KYNs, and major psychiatric, including depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder.
The Effects of Temperature and Salinity Stressors on the Survival, Condition, and Valve Closure of the Manila Clam, Venerupis philippinarum in a Holding Facility
Authors: Bae Hyeonmi , Im Jibin , Joo Soobin , Cho Boongho , Kim Taewon
Published: June 2021

We investigated the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams were exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18℃ were higher than that of those exposed to seawater at 24℃. Second, clams were exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) was lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) were higher than of those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams were exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinities conditions for 8 days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24℃ and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.
A Review on Green Synthesis and Biological Activities of Nitrogen and Oxygen Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Gulati Susheel , Singh Rajvir , Sangwan Suman
Published: June 2021

Heterocycles are unique precursors for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals particularly those possessing N- or O- moieties. The development of methods to prepare heterocycles is of great importance in synthesis of organic compounds, especially the heterocycles which can be found in natural products. The synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycles viz. coumarins, dihydropyrimidinones, imidazoles, isoxazoles and benzimidazoles represented an attractive and demanding work for chemists as these nucleus has found extensive applications in several fields such as material science, analytical chemistry and most importantly in medicinal chemistry. Organic synthesis has been attracted towards the development of new environmental friendly procedures to achieve the goals of green chemistry. The fundamental aspects of green chemistry are use of biocatalysts and environmental benign solvents under mild conditions. The present review article summarized the green synthetic methods and biological activities of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycles.
Digital Economy, Industrial Structure Upgrade and Economic High-Quality Development: An Empirical Research Based on the Mediation Effect Model
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Han Liao
Published: June 2021

Based on panel data of 31 provincial-level administrative units (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2015 to 2019, using fixed effect model and mediation effect model, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the interaction among digital economy, industrial structure upgrade and high-quality economic development. The results show that, from the overall effect, the digital economy can significantly promote the high-quality development of the economy, and there are regular regional differences, and the relationship between the promotion intensity and the development level of the digital economy is proportional. From the mediation effect, in the relationship between digital economy and high-quality economic development, the upgrade of industrial structure has played a significant part of the mediation effect, the proportion of mediation effect is 25.17% . In addition, the mediation effect of industrial structure upgrade has obvious regional difference, the western area is the strongest, the eastern area is the second, the central area is the weakest. Based on the above research,the concrete policy suggestions are given to promote the development of digital economy and upgrade the level of industrial structure to promote the high-quality development of economy.
Sonication of Kirschner Wire as a Tool for the Microbiological Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Infection – Preliminary Results
Authors: Leme Rodrigo Cuiabano Paes , Chaves Jéssica , Gonçalves Luiz Carlos , Alvim Leonardo César , de Almeida João Roberto Chaves , de Abreu Ana Cláudia Couto , Renó Leonardo da Cruz
Published: June 2021

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is the commonest diabetic problem requiring hospital admission. Culture yield can be challenging, particularly in the presence of biofilms. Literature confirms biofilms are ubiquitous in diabetic foot ulcer, although, there is not a microbiologic diagnostic approach regarding biofilm disruption on DFI. We postulated sonicating a stainless-steel wire along with tissue samples into the thioglycollate broth media (TBM) may improve the diagnosis of DFI. Method: Pro-spective unicentric study that assessed patients with DFI who underwent surgical debridement. The vascular surgery team collected tissue fragments and inoculated the specimens into three TBM to execute the conventional culture method (CCM), and ad-ditional fragments to place into other TBM along with a Kirschner wire (K-wire – Kw method). The microbiologist processed the samples and the resultant sonication fluid in aerobic sheep-blood agar after 24 hours, 5 and 10 days of incubation. Both methods were compared (Wilcoxon test; p < 0.05). Results: The number of pathogens isolated in each method was not statistically significant (p = 0.414): CM = 1.67 (± 0.92); KwM = 1.75 (± 0.94). The KwM was not inferior to CCM. In addition, despite the absence of statistical significance, the KwM detected more pathogens than CCM.
Neural Network-based Active Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Unmanned Helicopter with Sensor Faults
Authors: Mokhtari Sohrab , Abbaspour Alireza , Yen Kang K. , Sargolzaei Arman
Published: June 2021

A novel adaptive neural network-based fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed for six-degree freedom nonlinear helicopter dynamic. The proposed approach can detect and mitigate sensors' faults in real-time. An adaptive observer-based on neural network (NN) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed, which incorporates the helicopter's dynamic model to detect faults in the navigation sensors. Based on the detected faults, an active fault-tolerant controller, including three loops of dynamic inversion, is designed to compensate for the occurred faults in real-time. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach is able to detect and mitigate different types of faults on the helicopter navigation sensors, and the helicopter tracks the desired trajectory without any interruption.
Biomedical Effects of Popular Phytonutrients and Their Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Delgado Yamixa , Cassé Céline , Ferrer-Acosta Yancy , Suárez-Arroyo Ivette J. , Rodríguez-Zayas José , Torres Anamaris , Torres-Martínez Zally , Pérez Daraishka , González Michael , Velázquez-Aponte Ricardo A. , Andino Josué , Correa-Rodríguez Clarissa , Franco Jean C. , Milán Wandaliz , Rosario Gabriela , Velázquez Eddian , Vega Jaisy , Colón Janmary , Batista Christopher
Published: June 2021

Phytonutrients are plant foods that contain many natural bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, which expose specific biological activities. These phytonutrients and their phytochemicals may play an important role in health care maintaining normal organism functions (as preventives) and fighting against diseases (as therapeutics). Phytonutrient’s components are the primary metabolites (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and phytochemicals or secondary metabolites (i.e., phenolics, alkaloids, organosulfides, and terpenes). For years, several phytonutrients and their phytochemicals have demonstrated specific pharmacological and therapeutic effects in human health such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and immune response. This review summarizes the effects of the most studied or the most popular phytonutrients (i.e., turmeric, garlic, cinnamon, graviola, and oregano), and any contraindication found. This article also calculated the physicochemical properties of the main phytochemicals in the selected phytonutrients using Lipinski’s, Veber’s and Ghose’s rules. Based on our revisions for this article, all these phytonutrients have consistently shown several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies with great potential as preventives and therapeutics on many diseases.
Metal Assisted Catalytic Etching (MACE) for Nanofabrication of Semiconductor Powders
Authors: Kolasinski Kurt W.
Published: June 2021

Electroless etching of semiconductors was elevated to an advanced micromachining process by the addition of a structured metal catalyst. Patterning of the catalyst by lithographic techniques facilitates the patterning of crystalline and polycrystalline wafer substrates. Galvanic deposition of metals on semiconductors has a natural tendency to produce nanoparticles rather than flat uniform films. This characteristic makes possible the etching of not only wafers but also particles with arbitrary shape. While it has been widely recognized that spontaneous deposition of metal nanoparticles can be used in connection with etching to porosify wafers, it is also possible to produced nanostructured powders. MACE can be controlled to produce (1) etch track pores with shapes and sizes closely related to the shape and size of the metal nanoparticle, (2) hierarchically porosified substrates exhibiting combinations of large etch track pores and mesopores, and (3) nanowires with either solid or mesoporous cores. This review discussed the mechanisms of porosification, processing advances and the properties of the etch product with special emphasis on the etching of silicon powders.
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Metal Concentration in the Water Column of Asia’s Largest Coastal Lagoon
Authors: Farooq Syed Hilal , Mishra Amrit Kumar , Muhakud Sandip Kumar , Acharya Prasannajit , Muduli Pradipta Ranjan , Swain Debadutta
Published: June 2021

A complete halt on all anthropogenic activities and human movement due to COVID-19 lockdown has provided a great opportunity to assess the impact of human activities on coastal marine ecosystems. The current study assessed the concentration of the metals in water samples of the largest brackish water lagoon of Asia; the Chilika lagoon in the state of Odisha, India between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 lockdown scenarios. Monthly water samples (n=30 stations) from 0.3 m depth were collected from three sectors of the lagoon seasonally; pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. In addition to various physical parameters [pH, salinity, alkalinity, (DO) dissolved oxygen, (TDS) total dissolved solids, and (EC) electrical conductivity] the collected water samples were analysed for 18 trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V). Most of the physical parameters showed a significant variation between pre-and post-COVID-19 scenarios, except for pH and DO. The concentration of five metals (Be, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb) remained below detection limits in all water samples. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the concentration of the metal in the water samples was noticed along with the three sectors of the lagoon. However, eight metals (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Th, U, and V) were significantly different between the COVID-19 scenarios and the remaining five metals were not statistically significant. The mean concentration of Al, As, Fe, Th, and V were higher in the pre-COVID-19 scenarios, whereas only Cr and Mn were higher in the post-COVID-19 scenarios. The mean concentration of U was similar among both COVID-19 scenarios, even though there were seasonal and sectoral differences. The seasonal influence of riverine influx was more evident on metal concentration during the monsoon season, whereas the difference between sectors was more prominent during the post-monsoon season. An increased number of correlations between physical parameters and metal concentration were observed in the post-monsoon season and post-COVID-19 scenario. This study provides evidence that the imposition of COVID-19 lockdown reduced metal influx in the water column and improved the water quality of the Chilika lagoon. Our results can be used as baseline for metal concentration in surface waters of the lagoon.
From Jekyll to Hyde: The Yeast-Hyphal Transition of Candida albicans
Authors: Chow Eve Wai Ling , Pang Li Mei , Wang Yue
Published: June 2021

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, accounting for 15% of nosocomial infections with an estimated attributable mortality of 47%. C. albicans is usually a benign member of the human microbiome in healthy people. Under constant exposure to highly dynamic environmental cues in diverse host niches, C. albicans has successfully evolved to adapt to both commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. The ability of C. albicans to undergo a reversible morphological transition from yeast to filamentous forms is a well-established virulent trait. Over the past few decades, a significant amount of research has been carried out to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms, signaling pathways, and transcription factors that govern the C. albicans yeast-to-hyphal transition. This review will summarize our current understanding of well-elucidated signal transduction pathways that activate C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis in response to various environmental cues and the cell cycle machinery involved in the subsequent regulation and maintenance of hyphal morphogenesis.
Nutritional, Textural, and Sensory Quality of Aloe Vera Leaf Gel Powder Fortified Plain Cake
Authors: Singha Dhrubajyoti , Jubayer Md. F. , Devanath Kumkum , Akhter Delara , Ranganathan Thottiam Vasudevan , Rahman Md. T. , Mazumder Md. Anisur Rahman
Published: June 2021

Aloe Vera leaves have a great potential as an economic supplement with an adequate nutritional profile. In this study, Aloe Vera leaf gel (AVG) powder was used to fortify plain cakes. Freeze drying of AVG was performed for the production of Aloe Vera powder (ALP) and four plain cakes were prepared with different proportions of ALP for further investigation. Analysis suggested that ALP contained significantly (p<0.05) higher amount of protein (22.23 vs 12.24), ash (19.83 vs 0.64) and iron (175 vs 3.05) content than refined wheat flour (RWF). ALP also contained significant amount of total polyphenols and antioxidant. Moisture, protein, ash, weight, and minerals (Fe, Ca) content were higher (p<0.05) in ALP-cakes; whereas fat, volume, specific volume, height, baking loss, and total carbohydrate content were higher (p<0.05) in RWF-cakes. Incorporation of 6 and 8% ALP in the formulation increased the total polyphenols and anti-oxidant activity in plain cakes. Texture analysis revealed that hardness and chewiness increased in ALP-cakes but decreased in RWF-cakes, however, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness decreased in ALP-cakes. Sensory attributes suggested that 4% ALP incorporated cake was attributed as the best formulation. In conclusion, ALP can be supplemented in cakes up to 8% to improve the nutrient value.
Differential Evolution With Shadowed and General Type-2 Fuzzy Systems for Dynamic Parameter Adaptation in Optimal Design of Fuzzy Controllers
Authors: Ochoa Patricia , Castillo Oscar , Melin Patricia , Soria José
Published: June 2021

This work is mainly focused on improving the differential evolution algorithm with the utilization of shadowed and general type 2 fuzzy systems to dynamically adapt one of the parameters of the evolutionary method. In this case, the mutation parameter is dynamically moved during the evolution process by using a shadowed and general type-2 fuzzy systems. The main idea of this work is to make a performance comparison between using shadowed and general type 2 fuzzy systems as controllers of the mutation parameter in differential evolution. The performance is compared with the problem of optimizing fuzzy controllers for a D.C. Motor. Simulation results show that general type-2 fuzzy systems are better when higher levels of noise are considered in the controller.
Risk of Hospitalization for Adverse Drug Events in Women and Men: A Post-Hoc Analysis of an Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Italian Emergency Departments
Authors: Crescioli Giada , Boscia Ennio , Bettiol Alessandra , Pagani Silvia , Spada Giulia , Vighi Giuditta Violetta , Bonaiuti Roberto , Venegoni Mauro , Vighi Giuseppe Danilo , Vannacci Alfredo , Lombardi Niccolò
Published: June 2021

This post-hoc analysis of an Italian active pharmacovigilance study describes pharmacological differences of ADEs leading to emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization in women and men. During the study period (January 2007 – December 2018), 61,855 reports of ADE leading to ED visit were collected. Overall, 30.6% of ADEs resulted in hospitalization (30% in women and 31% in men). Multivariate logistic regression showed that, among women, drug classes significantly associated with an increased risk of hospitalization were heparins (ROR 1.41, CI 1.13-176), antidepressants (ROR 1.12, CI 1.03-1.23) and antidiabetics (ROR 1.13, CI 1.02-1.24). Among men only vitamin K antagonists (ROR 1.28, CI 1.09-1.50), opioids (ROR 1.30, CI 1.06-1.60) and digitalis glycosides (ROR 1.32, CI 1.09-1.59) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Overall, older age, multiple suspected drugs and the presence of comorbidi-ties were significantly associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. A significantly reduced risk of hospitalization was observed in both women and men experiencing and adverse event following immunization (ROR 0.36, CI 0.27-0.48 and 0.83, 0.42-0.74, respectively) compared to drugs. Results obtained from this real-world analysis highlight important aspects of drug safety between sexes.
A Forecast Visual Observation of the Anthropogenic Impact on the Pilgrimage Places Along the Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Viji Rajendran , Shrinithivihahshini Nirmaladevi D , Armstrong-Altrin John S , Eid Ebrahem M
Published: June 2021

The present investigation is focused on the forecasting visual observation of the impact of anthropogenic activity on the pilgrimage places located along the coastal environments in Tamil Nadu, India. Devotees performing the unregulated ritual ceremonies, open defecation, waste materials dumping and local municipality discharging wastewater contamination levels were assessed from direct visual surveillance, and by taking photographs and baseline information collected from five different pilgrimage sites. Results showed that ritual ceremonies, wastewater discharges and debris highly contaminated site-III, and found open defecation at site-I. The lack of coastal regulation, pollution awareness, insufficient sanitation facilities and failure to control the commercial and recreational activities have major deleterious effects on the present and future environments of the coastal areas. This is the first attempt conducted by visual assessment of the coastal pollution in pilgrimage places. The results immensely support the recommendation for proper regulation of ritual activities, arrangement of basic sanitation facilities and prohibition of wastewater discharges to prevent waterborne diseases as well as to strictly follow the regional and national level of coastal regulation policy to protect the biological resources of the Gulf of Mannar marine ecosystems.
Outcomes of Management of Proximal Humeral Fractures with Patient-Specific, Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithms
Authors: Spross Christian , Zdravkovic Vilijam , Manser Melanie , Farei-Campagna Jan Marino , Jacxsens Matthijs , Jost Bernhard
Published: June 2021

Background:

Previous studies have identified risk factors for different types of treatment of proximal humeral fracture (PHF) and allowed the development of a patient-specific, evidence-based treatment algorithm with the potential of improving overall outcomes and reducing complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of treating PHF using this algorithmic approach.

Methods:

All patients with isolated PHF between 2014 and 2017 were included and prospectively followed. The initial treatment algorithm (Version 1 [V1]) based on patients’ functional needs, bone quality, and type of fracture was refined after 2 years (Version 2 [V2]). Adherence to protocol, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed at a 1-year follow-up.

Results:

The study included 334 patients (mean age, 66 years; 68% female): 226 were treated nonoperatively; 65, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); 39, with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA); and 4, with hemiarthroplasty. At 1 year, the preinjury EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) values were regained (0.88 and 0.89, respectively) and the mean relative Constant Score (CS) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) (and standard deviation [SD]) were 96% ± 21% and 85% ± 16%. Overall complications and revision rates were 19% and 13%. Treatment conforming to the algorithm outperformed non-conforming treatment with respect to relative CS (97% versus 88%, p = 0.016), complication rates (16.3% versus 30.8%, p = 0.014), and revision rates (10.6% versus 26.9%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Treating PHF using a patient-specific, evidence-based algorithm restored preinjury quality of life as measured with the EQ-5D and approximately 90% normal shoulders as measured with the relative CS and the SSV. Adherence to the treatment algorithm was associated with significantly better clinical outcomes and substantially reduced complication and revision rates.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Application of the MCDA method for assessing new technologies for familial hypercholesterolaemia treatment
Authors: Santos Marisa , Morais Quenia Cristina , Cramer Helena , Assad Marcelo , Tura Bernardo , Santos-Jr Braulio , Nascimento Aline
Published: June 2021

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a hereditary disease characterized by very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an elevated risk of early-onset cardiovascular disorders. New drugs provide alternatives for the treatment of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. The study aims to explore a practical application of multiple-criteria decision analysis on prioritization of new and emerging technologies for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Methods: The decision model was constructed using the MACBETH method. There were three stages: structuring the problem, measuring the performance of alternatives, and building the model. The weights for alternatives and levels were obtained by indirect comparisons, which evaluated the attractiveness of the performance levels of the criteria using the swing weights technique. Results: The drugs lomitapide, ezetimibe, evolocumab, and mipomersen were selected as alternatives for decision-making. “Cardiovascular Death”, “Stroke” and “Acute Myocardial Infarction” had the three most significant weights. The criteria with the lowest weights were “Comfort” and “LDL-C Reduction”. The top-ranked technology was evolocumab, with an overall score of 59.87, followed by ezetimibe, with a score of 37.21. Conclusion: How to apply the result of a higher score in the actual decision making process still requires further studies. The case in question showed that evolocumab has more performance benefits than other drugs but with a cost approximately 50 times higher.
Comparative analysis between prevention and treatment costs for gestational diabetes mellitus in primary and tertiary health care in a city in Southern Brazil
Authors: Reichenbach Ricardo , Reis Yasmin Cristina , Gullo Maria Carolina , Madi Jose Mauro , Rahmi Rosa Maria
Published: June 2021

Objective: The present study’s purpose is to evaluate the economic context in which the Brazilian public health system, the only universal public health system with more than 200 million users, stands out. This evaluation will be made through the lens of the execution of gestational health care services in a city of approximately 500 thousand inhabitants in southern Brazil. The care costs of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will be compared to those of patients without GDM, analyzing the different economic valuation methods. And lastly, there was an intent to explore the generated costs in the context of economic valuation applied to health to comprehend better the complexity of the union of the financial and health areas to optimize the services offered. Methods: For the economic context in health, an analysis of health investments was performed through the Transparency Portal. The costs involved in preventing GDM were raised by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) table of procedures performed ordinarily in low-risk pregnancies. The expenses involved in DMG patients were increased at the High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Medicine Clinic of DMG patients. Results: Preventing GDM is more cost-effective, cost-minimizing, and cost-useful than treating patients diagnosed with GDM. Conclusion: The result is an extremely interesting costopportunity, given the economic context in which it is presented.
Qualidade metodológica das avaliações econômicas de antineoplásicos submetidas à Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) na atualização do rol 2020 – Estudo de avaliação crítica
Authors: Bagattini Ângela Maria , Pachito Daniela , Pacheco Rafael , Rocha Aline , Riera Rachel
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar criticamente as avaliações econômicas de medicamentos antineoplásicos submetidas à Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) durante o processo de atualização do rol de procedimentos em saúde 2020. Métodos: Estudo transversal de análise crítica dos estudos de avaliação econômica integrantes da documentação submetida à ANS com o objetivo de incorporação no rol de procedimentos. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio da ferramenta Methodology Checklist 6: Economic Evaluations Version 3.0 da Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Resultados: Foram incluídas 49 avaliações econômicas: 22 estudos de custo-efetividade, 10 estudos de custo-utilidade, três estudos de custo-minimização e 14 estudos de custo-efetividade e custo-utilidade. A qualidade metodológica foi considerada, na maior parte (88%), como aceitável ou de baixa qualidade. Conclusão: Estudos de avaliação econômica são fundamentais no processo decisório de incorporação de tecnologias na saúde suplementar. Esta análise crítica sugere que a qualidade dos estudos econômicos apresentados dentro das propostas de incorporação de antineoplásicos durante o processo de atualização do rol 2020 da ANS foi limitada. Inconsistências metodológicas e falta de um relato transparente reduzem a validade e a aplicabilidade dos achados na tomada de decisão.
Custo anual de cuidado ao paciente segundo o tipo de morbidade
Authors: Aquino Nicole , Pedebôs Lucas Alexandre , Calderon Daniela
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de conhecer os custos da utilização do serviço público de saúde por indivíduos segundo suas morbidades crônicas. Métodos: A metodologia adotada para apuração dos custos foi o sistema de custeio por absorção. Os custos apurados para cada serviço foram cruzados com a base de dados dos usuários atendidos no mesmo período, incluindo um conjunto de condições de saúde ou doença existentes, sem identificação dos usuários. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos correspondem aos custos de 375.760 usuários que utilizaram algum serviço da rede municipal de saúde durante o período de um ano. Os custos variaram de R$ 0,05 a R$ 16.773,82, sendo os menores equivalentes apenas ao consumo de medicamentos e os maiores, ao uso de múltiplos serviços. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou importante variação nos custos médios por indivíduo no contexto de uma rede municipal de saúde estruturada, com associação direta ao problema/condição de saúde observado.
Prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant mothers who attend antenatal care service at Jinka public health facilities, Jinka town, SNNPR, Ethiopia,
Authors: Yetwale Aynalem , Gultie Teklemariam , Ajema Dessalegn , Tilahun Semahegn , Afework Bezawit
Published: June 2021

Background Antenatal depression is the most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it’s associated with psychosocial and obstetric factors. Antenatal depression has serious consequences for the mother and fetus, such as recurrent spontaneous abortions, pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, postpartum bleeding, pre-term delivery, postnatal depressive disorders and low birth weight. However it doesn’t get appropriate attention.Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 446 pregnant women coming for antenatal care service at Jinka public health facilities, from June 01 to June 30, 2018. Data was collected through semi-structured and pretested questionnaire by face to face interview technique and Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess women’s depression condition. Collected data was entered in to Epi data version 3.3.1 after checking their completeness and exported to statistical package for social science version 20.0 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to find out association between explanatory and response variables. Explanatory variables which fulfill the assumption of logistic regression and had P-value less than 0.25 from bi-variable logistic regression were considered for the multivariable logistic regression model. Strength of association was evaluated using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare significant associations.Result The magnitude of antenatal depression in this study was 24.4%(20.2-28.5 at 95% CI) and it had statistically significant association with unmarried marital status AOR =13.39 [(95%CI); (3.11-57.7)], chronic medical illness AOR=3.97 [(95%CI); (1.07-14.7)], unplanned pregnancy AOR =6.76 [ (95%CI); (2.13-21.4)], history of abortion AOR =2.8 [(95%CI); (1.14-7.02)], history of previous pregnancy complication AOR =4.8 [(95%CI); (2.12-17.35)] and fear of pregnancy related complications AOR=5.4 [(95%CI); (2.32-12.4)].Conclusion and recommendation The magnitude of antenatal depression was high. So integrating mental health service in antenatal care assessment, provide comprehensive family planning service and improve obstetric service are recommended.
Deep tissue optoacoustic localization microangiography
Authors: Dean-Ben Xose Luis , Robin Justine , Ni Ruiqing , Razansky Daniel
Published: June 2021

Super-resolution methods have been developed to overcome physical diffraction limits of optical and ultrasound imaging techniques. Hybrid optoacoustic imaging approaches share the rich functional and molecular contrast advantages of optical methods while additionally attaining centimeter-scale penetration into living tissues due to reduced ultrasound scattering. The application of super-resolution principles for enhancing the optoacoustic imaging performance deep in mammalian tissues has so far been impeded by the high density of strongly absorbing red blood cells. Herein, we demonstrate three-dimensional microangiography of deep mouse brain beyond the acoustic diffraction limit (<20 µm resolution) through the intact scalp and skull via optoacoustic localization of sparsely-distributed highly absorbing microparticles. This was enabled by devising 5 µm sized extremely absorbing dichloromethane microdroplets exhibiting four orders of magnitude higher optical absorption than red blood cells at near-infrared wavelengths, thus facilitating in vivo compatibility and single particle sensitivity in the presence of highly absorbing blood background. Accurate mapping of the blood flow velocity within microvascular structures was also accomplished with a dedicated high-frame-rate volumetric optoacoustic tomography system. We further show that the detected optoacoustic signal intensities from the localized particles may serve for estimating the light fluence distribution within optically heterogeneous tissues, a long-standing quantification challenge in biomedical optics. Given the intrinsic sensitivity of optoacoustics to various functional, metabolic and molecular events in living tissues, this new approach paves the way for non-invasive deep-tissue microscopic observations with unrivaled resolution, contrast and speed.
Nanocelllulose Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions Removal
Authors: Si Rongrong , Wang Daiqi , Chen Yehong , Yu Dongmei , Ding Qijun , Li Ronggang , wu chaojun
Published: June 2021

Heavy metal ion pollutions are of serious threat for our human health, and advanced technologies on removal of heavy metal ions in water or soil are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Nanocellulose based adsorbents are emerging as an environmentally friendly appealing materials platform for heavy metal ions removal as nanocellulose has higher specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. In this review, we briefly compare the differences of three kinds of nanocellulose and their preparation method. Then we cover the most recent work on nanocellulose based adsorbents for heavy metal ions removal, and present an in-depth discussion of the modification technologies for nanocellulose in assembling high performance heavy ions adsorbent process. By introducing functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, and thiol, the nanocellulose based adsorbents not only remove single heavy metal ions through ion exchange, chelation/complexation/coordination, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic actions, binding affinity and redox reactions, but also can selectively adsorb multiple heavy ions in water. Finally, some challenges of nanocellulose based adsorbents for heavy metal ions are also prospected. We anticipate that the review supplies some guides for nanocellulose based adsorbents applied in heavy metal ions removal field.
Start on the Right Foot: Choice in a Complex Early Environment Boosts Coping Abilities in the Domestic Fowl Chick
Authors: Nazar Nico , Skånberg Lena , McCrea Kirste , Keeling Linda
Published: June 2021

Early experience of a complex environment can improve biologically relevant traits related to coping abilities. However, the mechanisms underlying these positive effects are not well explored. We hypothesised that the possibility to express a choice, leading to increased control over the environment, could play an important role. In a balanced design, laying hen hatchlings were reared either in a ‘No-Choice’ environment (single litter and perch type) or a ‘Choice’ environment (four different litter and perch types). Immunological and behavioural indicators of birds’ coping abilities were explored at three weeks of age. Chicks from Choice environments had higher natural antibody titres, lower H/L ratios, required more attempts for tonic immobility induction and were more successful gaining novel food rewards in a repeated challenge test. Results imply that their improved natural immune response better prepared Choice chicks for coping with pathogenic challenges, that they experienced less chronic stress and were less fearful. To conclude, the increased potential for control and stimulation arising from making decisions in an early complex environment seemed to better prepare birds for a variety of challenges to come, boosting their adaptive capacities and their ability to make the most of opportunities.
Obstacles to diagnostic investigation of a child with comorbid psychiatric conditions
Authors: Salem Jena , Kennedy Cheryl
Published: June 2021

Presented here is the unique case of diagnostic investigation for a 16 year old male presenting in an acute state of apparent psychosis. The patient had a long history of previous specialist work-ups, tentative diagnoses, multiple emergency department admissions, and medication trials, all of which failed to produce significant lasting relief. While initial encounters diagnostically centered on autoimmune encephalitis, comprehensive work-ups always drove the differential towards a likely psychiatric disorder. Despite this consistent professional opinion, tentative diagnosis of schizophrenia with underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder was delayed for many years, due to a variety of complicating factors. Overall, this case highlights many different considerations that might assist in avoiding a protracted road to diagnosis, including navigating the obstacles that parental interaction with a complex healthcare system can pose during diagnostic evaluation and recommended treatment as well as, the role of re-interpreting past test results within the context of new literature, and the complexities of diagnosing comorbid psychiatric conditions.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF SELF VS DUAL CURING ON ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY IN A NOVEL DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIAL- AN INVITRO STUDY
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry., S.K Vigneshwari , Gowda Manje ,   Reader, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore., K.B Jayalakshmi ,   Professor, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore., C Dhanavel. ,   Professor, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry., M. Kavitha ,   Senior Lecturer, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry., Priyan K Gokula ,   Senior Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of Cention-N in two different curing methods. Methods: Twenty blocks of Cention-N were prepared according to standard manufacturers instructions and were divided into two groups-self cured and light cured (ten blocks in each group). Streptococcus mutans were extracted from dental caries by a series of biochemical treatments and strains of S.mutans were treated with both groups of Cention-N blocks. Results: Self cured Cention-N blocks exhibited statistically significant reduction in bacterial colonies compared to Light-cured blocks. Conclusion: Additional light curing inhibits the antibacterial efficacy of Cention-N cement.
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON ONLINE BUSINESS
Authors:   Student, BBA Entrepreneurship, World of Work-Jain ( Deemed to be University) - Center ForManagement Studies, India., Jaisingh A. Ansh , Jain Sameeksha ,   Student, BBA Entrepreneurship, World of Work-Jain ( Deemed to be University) - Center ForManagement Studies, India., Shah Vivek ,   Student, BBA Entrepreneurship, World of Work-Jain ( Deemed to be University) - Center ForManagement Studies, India., Venkteshwar Abhishek ,   Assistant Professor and Course Facilitator, Jain ( Deemed to be University)- Center for Management Studies.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic acts as a stark reminder that pandemics, like other unusual events, have occurred before and will continue to do so in the future. Even if we cant stop deadly viruses from spreading, we should be prepared to mitigate their consequences.This special topic is part of a global initiative to solve some of societys pandemic-related problems. There are 13 articles in all, covering topics such as travel, banking, and higher education, as well as trends in customer behavior and industries, legal challenges, and employee and leadership issues.
WHY IS THE INFLUENCE OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR CHANGE INSIGNIFICANT? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY
Authors:   School of Post Graduate,Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya., Sindu Prawira Ir.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has exponentially accelerated the rate of change. Organizational readiness for change has become the mandatory requirement for most organizations to survive in this highly disrupted era. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of servant leadership and the mediating role of workplace spirituality on organizational readiness for change. Offices within a private university in Indonesia were used as the population for this research. 80 respondents from 40 offices participated in this research by filling online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squareâ€“Structural Equation Modelling software. The results show that servant leadership does not influence organizational readiness for change directly butis fully mediated through workplace spirituality. This paper contributes to the organizational change theory by providing insight into what aspect of servant leadership may be lacking for an extreme organizational change process. It is the first study that validates the role of workplace spirituality as the mediator of the relationship between servant leadership and organizational readiness for change.
THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SO42- AND NO3- IN PM10 IN JINHUA, CHINA
Authors:   College of Geography And Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University., Peng Yeshun , Yan Tingting ,   College of Geography And Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University., Feng Jianming ,   College of Geography And Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University., Emma Wamono ,   College of Geography And Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University., Guo Ting ,   College of Geography And Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University.
Published: June 2021

Sulfate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3-) are the main secondary inorganic components in atmospheric particulates. It is of great significance to understand the formation and evolution of air pollution in the process of air pollution. In this study, samples of PM10 were collected in Jinhua City in eastern China from December 2019 to January 2020 and from June 2020 to August 2020, and also analyzed the influence of different meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants on the formation of SO42- and NO3- in PM10. The results show that high relative humidity has a significant effect on the increase of sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) in winter, indicating that the winter liquid phase reaction is more conducive to the formation of SO42-. SOR and nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) decrease with increasing temperature in winter, and increase with increasing temperature in summer. The light intensity has an important promoting effect on both SOR and NOR, indicating that the photochemical reaction is beneficial to the formation of SO42- and NO3-. Both the gaseous precursors SO2 and NO2 have significant promoting effects on the formation of SO42- and NO3- in winter, and the promoting effect of O3 on NOR is higher than that on SOR, indicating that atmospheric oxidation capacity has a greater effect on the formation of NO3-, and the effect of CO on SOR is higher than that on NOR, and there is a negative correlation with SOR.
A SURVEY OF HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION OF DATA IN CLOUD FOR SECURE STORAGE
Authors:   Research Scholar, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627012,TN, India., Gnana Sophia S. , Thanammal K.K ,   Research Scholar, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627012,TN, India., SSujatha S ,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications S.T.Hindu College, Nagercoil Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627012,TN, India.
Published: June 2021

Cloud computing is the transportation of computing assistance and the opportunity of computer system assets for storing of data and calculating ability without the administration of the user. Against the publishing business and the technical applications of cloud, more probable users are still to join the cloud and the users of cloud can put their less confidential data in the cloud. Loss of security in the cloud is an important problem. The information will be encrypted and gathered in the storage of cloud .The problem here is the informations can be send to or from a cloud in encrypted mode, the servers that function the cloud will not any task on it. In this paper wereviewe the homomorphic encryption techniques, Advantages and disadvantages of various research papers.
PEMPHIGOIDE GRAVIDIQUE : A PROPOS DUN CAS CLINIQUE
Authors:   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc., Samoury Khatry O. , Saoud K. ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc., Mamouni N. ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc., Errarhay S. ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc., Bouchikhi C. ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc., Banani A. ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique Du CHU Hassan II De Fes-Maroc.
Published: June 2021

La pemphigoÃ¯de gravidique est une dermatose gravidique apparaissant en general au cours du deuxiÃ¨me ou troisiÃ¨me trimestre de la grossesse, exceptionnellement en post partum. Leruption cutanee est prurigineuse, bulleuse ou vesiculopapuleuse et siegeant preferentiellement au niveau de la region thoraco-abdominale et des extremites. Son diagnostic repose sur la biopsie cutanee avec analyse en immunofluorescence directe. Le traitement habituel necessite des dermocorticoÃ¯des. Les consequences peuvent Ãªtre maternelles (menace daccouchement premature), fÅ“tales (retard de croissance intra uterin), et neonatale (eruption cutanee). Nous rapportons un cas de pemphigoide gravidique chez une multipare.