bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Great Goddess: An Evolution from Cosmogony to Cosmology
Authors: - KARMITA PANDEY
Published: February 2024

Hindu Religious thought has always been deeply concerned with the ‘idea of femininity’. Hindu beliefs and practices have identified the feminine both in the material world and the divine world. The history of the development of goddesses from the early Vedic period to contemporary worship plays into certain debates and discussions about what it means to have a certain concept of divinity in a tradition. This paper aims to understand the historical and thematic development of The Great Goddess/Devī/Mahādevī as the source of ultimate cosmic powers. To reach my aim, I have divided this paper into two major sections: First, the analysis of the iconographies of twelve major Goddesses (starting from the early Vedic period to the Pūrāṇic and Epic Tradition), namely, Uṣas, Rātri , Pṛthivī, Aditi, Sarasvatī, Vāc, Nirṛti, Śrī-Lakṣmī, Pārvatī, Dūrgā, Kālī, and Mahādevī (the lengthiest section of the paper). Second, I have traced (with the help of the analysis from the first section) the cosmogonies associated with these twelve individual goddesses to project a final single goddess who is the cause of this Cosmos. The Early Vedic Goddesses are depicted as ‘givers, helpers, mothers, nurturer figures’ but gradually in the Pūrāṇic and Epic Tradition they are partially involved in the process of creation, as the śakti of their male counterparts. Finally, the Devī-Māhātmya and Devī Bhagavata Pūrāṇa delineate the picture of an independent goddess, The Great Goddess/Devī/Mahādevī. This Great Goddess emerged as the embodiment of śakti, prakṛti, and māyā, therefore is the cause of this universe.
Unethical Behaviors: What Supervisors Need to Know
Authors: - Johna Belardo
Published: February 2024

Unethical behaviors by supervisors in the workplace not only jeopardize the reputation of the affected organization but also have devastating effects on these organizations' ability to provide quality services to their customers and other stakeholders. This paper investigates unethical behavior in the workplace done by the supervisors, examining its impact, severity levels, and the actions taken to address such misbehavior. Data were collected from 69 employees of both public and private institutions using descriptive procedures.

The results exposed a range of unethical behaviors perpetrated by supervisors. Supervisors that demonstrated unethical behavior included mistrust, disdain for rules and regulations, indecisiveness, making warranted demands, giving out too many tasks, not listening, and not owning up to mistakes.

It has also been discovered that these unethical behaviors hinder professional growth and development, reduce productivity, strain relationships, lower performance, increase employee turnover, and pose risks of legal accountability.

Moreover, undesirable behavior in the workplace is more common than what other participants think. Some employees try to correct those encountered undesirable behaviors on their own accord while others choose to ignore the issue. These actions taken by employees show that maintaining healthy work environment is their consideration and priority when at work. Such actions also show concern to the health of the organization.
Email Spam Detection in the Age of Cyber Threats: a Comprehensive Approach Integrating Cleaning, Analysis, and Modeling
Authors: - Manju Arora , - Chetan Jangid , - Abhishek Rai
Published: February 2024

With the escalating sophistication of cyber threats, the imperative task of safeguarding email communication from spam has become increasingly challenging. This research presents a holistic approach to email spam detection, incorporating meticulous data cleaning, in-depth exploratory data analysis (EDA), and advanced modeling techniques. The study delves into the performance evaluation of diverse machine learning classifiers, including Gaussian Naive Bayes, Multinomial Naive Bayes, and Bernoulli Naive Bayes. Exploratory visualizations, such as word clouds and bar plots, contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the textual content in spam and ham messages.
Enhancing Traffic Management in Smart Cities: A Cyber-Physical Approach
Authors: - Mohammad Nazmul ALam , - Md. Habibullah
Published: February 2024

The challenges of managing traffic in rapidly urbanizing cities with increasing populations. It highlights the need for advanced technologies and frameworks in smart cities to develop intelligent traffic management systems. The proposed approach is a cyber-physical framework that integrates physical infrastructure with digital infrastructure for real-time data collection, analysis, and decision-making. By using sensors, IoT devices, and data analytics, the system captures and processes traffic-related information to predict traffic flow, optimize signal timings, and recommend alternate routes. The system also communicates with connected vehicles to provide real-time updates and alerts, improving driver safety and reducing congestion. The cyber-physical approach allows seamless integration with other smart city systems for efficient coordination and resource allocation. Implementing this system offers benefits such as reduced travel times, improved air quality, enhanced road safety, and increased overall efficiency in urban transportation. It can adapt and evolve by learning from new data inputs and incorporating emerging technologies, ensuring sustainability and scalability. Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive framework for enhancing traffic management in smart cities, transforming urban transportation, and improving residents' quality of life while making cities more sustainable and resilient.
The Interplay of Global Warming and Economic Dynamics: a Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: - Vanya Mittal
Published: February 2024

This research paper explores the intricate relationship between global warming and the global economy, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted impact of climate change on economic structures. Utilizing live data from reputable sources, this study delves into the direct and indirect consequences of global warming on various sectors, assesses economic vulnerabilities, and offers insights into potential mitigation strategies. The escalating temperatures and shifting climate patterns associated with global warming have manifested in severe repercussions for industries worldwide
Phonemic Awareness Strategies in Teaching Reading in Kindergarten
Authors: - Leilani Unos-Estole
Published: February 2024

Phonemic Awareness is not as new to the field of literacy as some may think, although it is only in recent years that it has gained attention. For over 50 years, discussions have continued regarding the relationship between a child’s awareness of the sounds of spoken words and his or her ability to read.
The research deals with the teacher’s effectiveness in using phonemic awareness strategies to teach kindergarten reading. The study used a questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data; total enumeration and descriptive research were employed. The participants were 50 kindergarten teachers from La Trinidad, Benguet. The study showed the effect of strategies and utilization of the strategies along the variables.

It can be said that teaching in kindergarten requires a strong ability of teachers to process the features of reading to accommodate the learner's different levels of phonemic awareness. However, many challenges will need to be addressed while they do this in the process.
Exploring the Adoption and Effectiveness of Results-based Management in the Non-profit Sector in Zambia
Authors: - Michael Chilayi
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This paper examined the adoption and effective of results-based management in the Non-profit organisation in Zambia. The adoption of RBM in the non-profit sector globally has been the subject of increasing attention in the literature. Limited research has been conducted on the adoption and effectiveness of Results-Based Management (RBM) in the non-profit sector within the Zambian context.
Methodology: The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design. The study was done in Lusaka and involved two Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO): World Vision and Care International Zambia. The study had a sample size of 20 sampled using purposive sampling technique. The study adopted thematic approach to data analysis.
Findings: The findings revealed a positive impact on resource utilisation and efficiency within two NGOs; World Vision and Care International Zambia. Both Organisations report improved efficiency in resource allocation, emphasizing strategic planning and focused activities contributing to program outcomes. While acknowledging overall gains, challenges in optimizing specific resources such as technology and training were recognized. Continuous training and capacity-building emerged as crucial, emphasizing the human resource aspect of RBM success. Integration of financial data with programmatic outcomes and the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of long-term program sustainability were identified. Transparent resource utilization, equitable distribution, and effective communication with stakeholders were deemed essential for achieving consistent results. The study highlights RBM's complex impact on resource management, guiding Organisations toward more purposeful allocation and fostering a culture of continuous improvement.
Comparative Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical Studies of Magical Herb–ustukhuddus (Lavendula Stocheos L.)
Authors: - Sonali Sajwan , - R.K. Negi , - P.K. Sagar , - R.P. Meena
Published: February 2024

Ustukhuddus (Lavandula stoechas L.) is one of the most important aromatic plants of Lamiaceae family. It is named as Jarub-i Dimagh (broom of brain) in Unani System of Medicine due to its scavenging property of evacuating morbid matters from the brain; those matters may cause neurological disorders like insomnia, amnesia, melancholia etc. The drug is used since time immemorial and was mentioned by Dioscorides in 1st Century AD for its various pharmacological properties. Various studies on its effect on nervous system have been explored by researchers which may attribute to its bioactive compounds present in it, like, glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenes etc.
Present research paper deals with the comparative macroscopy, microscopic powder study and physicochemical studies of three different samples of Ustukhuddus. This study will be helpful for correct identification and genuineness of the drug sample.
Exploring the Socio-Economic Challenges and Vulnerabilities of Homelessness Individuals in George Town, Chennai
Authors: - Ardrin Cressida Missier T
Published: February 2024

Homelessness is a prevalent social problem in many countries across the globe. India, including Chennai is no exception. The Chennai Metropolitan city, experiencing an influx of residents seeking job opportunities alongside increasing infrastructure and industrial development, has also witnessed a growing number of urban poor who remain homeless. This paper aims to study the multifaceted problems faced by homeless individuals and also to explore the causes leading to homelessness. With the help of detailed surveys, observations, interviews and focused group discussion the basic entitlements, education, health, hygiene and employment aspects are studied at Jaffar Sarang Street and Narayanappa Street of George Town, Chennai.
Ensuring the Safety of Buildings and Structures Damaged as a Result of Military Man-Made Actions
Authors: FARENYUK Gennadiy
Published: February 2024

A significant number of destroyed buildings and structures during the military aggression of the Russian Fed-eration in Ukraine make it necessary for scientific organizations to solve new problems in the restoration of residential and public buildings. After explosive devices have hit the building, the first task is to identify the possibility of its further operation. Technical assessment of the damage level should be justified by using ex-perimental data on changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of construction materials and structures, which are strength, deformability, crack resistance, etc., as a result of the blast waves and fires that accompany explosions in the premises. An urgent task is to develop a methodology that takes into account the impact of explosions and fires caused by them so that structures can be calculated and their residual life estimated. For many decades, the State Research Institute of Building Constructions has been solving problems of assessing the technical condition of damaged buildings and structures as a result of man-made disasters and actions, fol-lowed by the development of technical solutions that ensure the necessary operational characteristics of these objects can be restored.
Optimizing the cost of acquiring construction materials
Authors: WIĘCŁAW-BATOR Lidia
Published: February 2024

The article presents selected problems of construction contractors in determining the optimal financial reserve in the bid price/base budget to cover the costs associated with the increase in the cost of construction materials, as well as optimization of the cost of acquiring this price-forming component.The first part of the article ana-lyzes the determinants of changes in the average national prices of materials, labor rates (for general construc-tion and high-standard finishing works) in 2020-2023. The second part of the article indicates the measures that should be taken by the contractor as part of an effective program to manage the acquisition costs of con-struction production factors, in particular, construction materials.
Increase in the value of construction investments - methods for calculating the increase in value of investments
Authors: JĘDRAS Izabela
Published: February 2024

The object of this article is to present the most important findings and conclusions based on cost change calculations performed for sample investments by CAS. The investments analysed are from three construction sectors with bids and contracts submitted and signed in 2020-2021. In addition, the article refers to the CAS Report on Costs in Construction in 2016 - 2023. This is the fourth annual CAS Report to which updates on cost indicators have been published as a supplement, on a quarterly basis. This Report was expanded to include cost indicators for the energy market, thus describing cost developments for the four main construction sectors in Poland.
,Deutsch-ukrainische Literatur- und Kulturbeziehungen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart‘
Authors: Paslawska Alla
Published: February 2024

Die durch den russischen Überfall auf die Ukraine am 24. Februar 2022 verursachte ,,Zeitenwende in der Geschichte unseres Kontinents“ zwingt dazu, uns in jedem Bereich der gesellschaftlichen Tätigkeit zu überlegen, was gemacht werden soll, damit verschiedene
Völker, ungeachtet ihres Glauben, ihrer Überzeugungen und Ansichten friedlich weiter existieren. Fachleute, die mit Sprache als Untersuchungsobjekt arbeiten, wissen genau, dass Wörter auch als Waffe benutzt werden können, was die gegenwärtige Propaganda auf Schritt
und Tritt bestätigt. Zwar können wir als Philologen einen Krieg nicht beenden, aber wir können durch unsere Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen zum Beispiel der Interkulturellen Germanistik einen kleinen Beitrag zur Verständigung zwischen den Völkern leisten.
Junge Kunsthistoriker im Bann des Zauberers. Nikolaus Pevsner, Alfred Neumeyer und Thomas Mann.*
Authors: Voci Anna Maria
Published: February 2024

1945 notierte der Schriftsteller Joachim Maass (1901–1972), der Thomas Mann persönlich gut kannte, einige Überlegungen zu dem großen Einfluss, den Mann auf die um 1900 geborene Jugend ausgeübt hatte, eine Jugend, die den ersten Weltkrieg noch zu Hause erlebte
und dann, als sie zum geistigen Leben heranreifte, ,,alle Werte heillos ins Schwanken geraten“ sah.1 Maass schilderte, was von Mann in der Seele jener Jugend der Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeneration so eindrucksvoll sprach und wie ihm ,,der bisher stärkste Ausdruck“
ihres Lebensgefühls geglückt war.2
Aurélie Choné und Philippe Hamman (Hrsg.): Die Pflanzenwelt im Fokus der Environmental Humanities/Le végétal au défi des Humanités environnementales. Berlin: Peter Lang Verlag 2021, 348 S.
Authors: Häcker Andreas
Published: February 2024

Was wissen wir noch von Pflanzen in der Welt, die uns umgibt? Blickt man in Frankreich anders auf Natur, Umwelt, Gärten und Wälder als in Deutschland? Diesen und weiteren Fragen gehen elf interessante Beiträge von deutschen und französischen Wissenschaftler:innen
nach, die sich mit dem Wissen um Natur und Pflanzen aus der Sicht der Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaften beschäftigen. Vereint wurden sie von der Straßburger Germanistin Aurélie Choné und dem Soziologen Philippe Hamman in einem zweisprachigen Sammelband. Die umweltbezogenen
Arbeiten sind Früchte eines Forschungs- und Lehrprogramms des CIERA (Centre interdisciplinaire d’études et de recherches sur l’Allemagne), das seit 2016 im Wechsel an den Universitäten Straßburg und Freiburg im Breisgau erfolgte, und auch eines internationalen
Kolloquiums im Oktober 2018. Werden im ersten Teil des Aufsatzbandes theoretische und konzeptuelle Fragen der Environmental Humanities allgemein und auch der Plant Studies diskutiert, so findet man im zweiten Teil sechs Fallstudien zu Gärten und Wäldern. Diese Forschungsartikel
sind für Landeskundler:innen und Literaturwissenschaftler:innen erheblich.
Ingeborg Bachmann/Ilse Aichinger/Günter Eich. ,,Halten wir einander fest und halten wir alles fest!“ Der Briefwechsel. Hrsg. von Irene Fußl und Roland Berbig. Mit einem Vorwort von Hans Höller. (= Ingeborg Bachmann, Werke und Briefe. Salzburger Bachmann Edition)
Berlin: Suhrkamp 2021, 379 S.
Authors: Wandruszka Marie Luise
Published: February 2024

Der Briefwechsel zwischen den zwei berühmtesten österreichischen Autorinnen der Nachkriegszeit, Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973) und Ilse Aichinger (1921-2016)1 bietet, dank des informativen und kompetenten Apparates – Vorwort, Nachwort, und vor allem des ausführlichen
Stellenkommentars – ein sehr interessantes Bild der Zeit und auch der Orte – Österreich, Deutschland, Italien, Schweiz –, aus und zu denen diese Briefe reisten. Ausgangspunkt war Wien, wo Aichinger und Bachmann sich im Rahmen des Kreises um Hans Weigel kennenlernten
und im Jahr 1952 von Hans Werner Richter für die Gruppe 47 entdeckt wurden (wo Aichinger ihren zukünftigen Mann Günter Eich kennenlernte). Dank der Gruppe 47 öffneten sich sowohl der deutsche Buchmarkt als auch die deutschen Rundfunkanstalten für die beiden literarisch
so überzeugenden und dabei sehr attraktiven Österreicherinnen.
Wilhelm Othmer und die Deutsche Monatsschrift*
Authors: Mingjun Lu
Published: February 2024

Wilhelm Othmer1 (1882–1934) war deutscher Professor, Sinologe und Schriftleiter der zweisprachigen Deutschen Monatsschrift (Déwén yuèkān) und ein Zeitgenosse von Richard Wilhelm (1873–1930) und Vinzenz Hundhausen (1878–1955).
Er gehört mit seiner mehr als 20-jährigen Erfahrung, die er in China erleben konnte, von der späten Qing-Dynastie bis in die Republik China, zu den bedeutendsten ,,Vorkämpfer[n] des Deutschtums im fernen Osten“2. Zu seinem Tode äußerten prominente
Politiker und Wissenschaftler Chinas ihr Beileid in den 1934 unter dem zweisprachigen Titel abgedruckten Gedenkschriften an Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Othmer (ōutèmàn jiàoshòu āisīlù)3, die würdigende Erinnerungsschriften
und Trauerschriften enthielten. Cài Yuánpéi (, 1868–1940), der berühmte Pädagoge, Mitinitiator der Vierten-Mai-Bewegung (Wsì yùndòng), und von Richard Wilhelm als ,,Kämpfer für Recht und Freiheit“4 geehrt,
fügte den Titel der Broschüre in seiner eigenen Handschrift hinzu. Othmer nannte er in seiner Trauerschrift ,,einen rechten Mann mit guten Manieren“;5 Sūn Kē (, 1891–1973), der älteste Sohn von Sūn Zhōngshān (, auch bekannt
als Sun Yat-sen, 1866–1925), lobte seine lehrende Wirkung;6 der führende Politiker Jing Jièshí (, auch bekannt als Chiang Kai-shek, 1887–1975) betrachtete ihn als ,,eine Brücke der Kultur“,7 was Othmers Wirken als Kulturvermittler
zwischen China und Deutschland akzentuierte. Weitere Gedenkworte stammen von über 20 großen Persönlichkeiten, darunter vom Staatsoberhaupt der Republik China Lín Sēn (, 1868–1943), dem deutschen Botschafter in China Oskar Paul Trautmann (1877–1950)
sowie dem Wissenschaftler Ernst Boerschmann (1873–1949). Darüber hinaus sind darin Beiträge von Othmers Kollegen und Studenten zu lesen.
The Concept of Reforming the Institute of Administrators of Federal Courts of General Jurisdiction and Federal Arbitration Courts
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Goloshumov Dmitrij E.
Published: February 2024

The article highlights the history of the creation of the institution of administrators in Russia, examines the problems of the unsettled legal status and official position of administrators of federal courts, due to the uncertainty of their dual subordination, as well as the stages that took place in the field of reforming the institution of court administrators, and conducts a comparative analysis of the functional responsibilities of administrators of courts of general jurisdiction and administrators of federal arbitration courts. The main prerequisites for the adoption of the Concept for reforming the institution of federal court administrators are highlighted, the main goal of which was to consolidate the scope of functional responsibilities of the court administrator, which were initially derived from the organizational and support functions of the Judicial Department and from the managerial powers of the chairman of the court, and the measures taken since the adoption of the Concept for its implementation are described, as well as the results achieved at this stage. It is concluded that the results achieved during the implementation of the Concept, as well as other measures to reform the institution of court administrators, are ambiguous. An opinion was expressed on the need to reduce the scope of powers of the head of the court administrator’s office, on the current duplication of the functions of the court administrator and other employees of the court apparatus, as well as on the controversial existence of his compulsory legal education.
On the Question of the Grounds for Inheritance
Authors:   North Caucasus Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Krasnodar, Russia, Mikhailova Aleksandra S.
Published: February 2024

The paper discusses the features and conditions for the emergence of the right to inherit by law, by will and inheritance contract, taking into account the history of the formation and development of the institution of inheritance. The purpose of the study is to identify the main distinguishing features of inheritance by will, inheritance contract and by law. The objectives of the study are to analyze the features of the formation and development of inheritance by law, inheritance contract and testament based on the study of historical trends in the development of the institution of inheritance and the norms of the current legislation. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the general scientific dialectical method, which implies objectivity and comprehensiveness of the knowledge of the phenomena under study; systemic; normative; logical; comparative legal; historical and legal methods. The significance of the advantage of inheritance by will over inheritance by law, established by the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, is revealed, taking into account existing points of view regarding the validity of the grounds for inheritance fixed today by the legislation. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the formation of the will in the process of its expression through the making of a will. The author comes to the conclusion that the division of inheritance into legal and testamentary is conditional due to the fact that inheritance by will itself is legal, the validity of establishing the priority of inheritance by will. Given this, the author draws attention to the importance of the conditions for the formation of the will of the testator, the possibilities and consequences of distorting the will in the process of its formation.
Problems of Judicial Practice on Consideration of Appeals of Bankruptcy Creditors Against Decisions of Courts of General Jurisdiction
Authors:   Moscow City Court Moscow, Russia, Raskatova Natalia N. , Raspitin Andrey S. ,   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2024

Within the framework of this article, the authors attempt to identify and highlight the conflict in the current legal regulation and judicial practice that arises when appeals courts consider complaints filed by bankruptcy creditors against decisions of courts of general jurisdiction, including the problem of abuse of the procedural right to appeal a judicial act in order to exclude bankruptcy creditors, including bona fide creditors, from the register of creditors’ claims and removing their claims from the register. The authors purposefully made a selection of relatively recent judicial practice in order to emphasize that the conflict covered has taken place up to the present time. The authors draw attention to the current lack of a unified approach not only among the court of appeal, but also among the courts of cassation instance, to the consideration of appeals of bankruptcy creditors against decisions of courts of general jurisdiction, on the basis of which the claims of “competing” creditors are included in the register of creditors’ claims. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors conclude that there is an urgent need explanations from the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding the procedure for considering appeals from persons participating in the debtor’s bankruptcy case (with the exception of arbitration managers).
The Nature of Gaps in Russian Legal Acts on Labor and Labor Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Voronov Igor’ Yu.
Published: February 2024

The nature of gaps in Russian legal acts on labor and labor law is analyzed, the analysis of scientific points of view on the nature of gaps in labor law is carried out. The article criticizes scientific approaches based on legal positivism, as well as on the scientific and debatable concept of integrative legal understanding, in which the nature of gaps in labor law is traditionally revealed using the terms “labor legislation”, “labor law norms”, as well as social regulators of actual social relations and moral categories. The author’s conclusions and proposals are formulated from the position of the scientifically grounded concept of integrative legal understanding. In particular, it is concluded that the real gaps exist not in labor law, but in national legal acts in the field of labor. There is usually no gap in labor law if there are principles and norms of labor law applicable to the disputed legal situation contained in the unified system of forms of labor law implemented in the Russian Federation. The author’s proposals for changing certain norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are formulated.
The Use of Digital Game Currency as a Way to Legalize the Proceeds of Crime
Authors:   Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnodar, Russia, Khalin Vladislav D.
Published: February 2024

At the current level of development of the legal system of the Russian Federation, one of the most pressing problems is combating money laundering and its subsequent use for illegal purposes. Information technology creates an opportunity to improve the criminal technology of committing crimes and their concealment. One of the newest ways of money laundering is the use of digital game currency. The use of digital gambling currency is a relevant tool for money laundering, disguising cash transactions and their further sale. Such currency can be used to buy and sell virtual goods in various online communities, including social networks, online and offline games. Such currency can then be exchanged for fiat or decentralised funds, which in turn facilitates novel money laundering schemes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate in-game currency, the ways it can be used for money laundering, and to develop possible measures to counteract this unlawful act. To achieve the set goal of the study we used dialectical, comparative legal, formal-legal, system-structural and other methods; the analysis of criminal cases for the period from 2018 to 2023 was carried out, media materials were reviewed and analysed. As a result of the conducted research the use of digital game currency as a method of money laundering was considered, the main categories of in-game currencies used for laundering of proceeds of crime were identified, and a possible way to counteract the use of digital game currency for the purpose of laundering of criminal proceeds was proposed.
Kebolehan Menolak Wathi’ bagi Istri tanpa Nafkah
Authors: Rahmawati Nurul , Wusqo Urwatul
Published: February 2024

This research departs from the phenomenon of a husband's inability to provide for his wife and family which resulted in a change in roles in earning a living. This adds to a wife's obligations because she has to serve her husband, such as inviting him to have sexual intercourse known as wathi'. This research aims to review the ability to refuse an invitation for sexual intercourse or wathi' for a wife whose income is not met. This study includes qualitative research and library research whose data was obtained through various written sources such as books, journals, and news articles regarding husband-wife obligations. The results of this research are the ability of a wife to refuse a wathi' invitation from her husband if the husband is negligent in fulfilling his obligations towards his wife.
Revisiting Snodgrass and Vanderwart in photograph form: The Keele Photo Stimulus Set (KPSS)
Authors: Adams Jamie , Sherman Susan M. , Williams Helen L.
Published: February 2024

Over the last 40 years, object recognition studies have moved from using simple line drawings, to more detailed illustrations, to more ecologically valid photographic representations. Researchers now have access to various stimuli sets, however, existing sets lack the ability to independently manipulate item format, as the concepts depicted are unique to the set they derive from. To enable such comparisons, Rossion and Pourtois (2004) revisited Snodgrass and Vanderwart’s (1980) line drawings and digitally re-drew the objects, adding texture and shading. In the current study, we took this further and created a set of stimuli that showcase the same objects in photographic form. We selected six photographs of each object (three color/three grayscale) and collected normative data and RTs. Naming accuracy and agreement was high for all photographs and appeared to steadily increase with format distinctiveness. In contrast to previous data patterns for drawings, naming agreement (H values) did not differ between grey and color photographs, nor did familiarity ratings. However, grey photographs received significantly lower mental imagery agreement and visual complexity scores than color photographs. This suggests that, in comparison to drawings, the ecological nature of photographs may facilitate deeper critical evaluation of whether they offer a good match to a mental representation. Color may therefore play a more vital role in photographs than in drawings, aiding participants in judging the match with their mental representation. This new photographic stimulus set and corresponding normative data provide valuable materials for a wide range of experimental studies of object recognition.
Nucleophilic functionalization of thianthrenium salts under basic conditions
Authors: Fan Xinting , Zhang Duo , Xiu Xiangchuan , Xu Bin , Yuan Yu , Chen Feng , Gao Pan
Published: February 2024

In recent years, S-(alkyl)thianthrenium salts have become an important means of functionalizing alcohol compounds. However, additional transition metal catalysts and/or visible light are required. Herein, a direct thioetherification/amination reaction of thianthrenium salts is realized under metal-free conditions. This strategy exhibits good functional-group tolerance, operational simplicity, and an extensive range of compatible substrates.
A Proposed Framework of Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) in Cloud Computing Environments from Penetration Tester Perspective
Authors: Nuur Ezaini Akmar Ismail  , Noraida Haji Ali  , Masita Abdul Jalil  , Farizah Yunus  , Ahmad Dahari Jarno
Published: February 2024

Penetration testing is a process that focuses on finding security vulnerabilities in a target environment that could let an attacker penetrate the network or computer system or steal information. Due to the COVID-19 endemic, most employees still implement working from home or a hybrid approach, even though the number of new cases of COVID-19 is decreasing. However, working from home depends mainly on cloud computing applications that help employees efficiently accomplish their daily work. This situation also increased the number of data generated from various sources, so they may be exposed to different security risks. This research will propose a framework to conduct vulnerability assessment and penetration testing (VAPT) in cloud service models such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS from the perspective of penetration testers. This proposed framework is developed through the integration and mapping of existing frameworks and guidelines to conduct VAPT on testing components such as web applications, APIs, network testing, etc. In this proposed framework, the method of conducting VAPT for each cloud service model will be discussed in detail, from the planning and reconnaissance stage until the report is delivered to the cloud subscriber or cloud provider. An advantage of this proposed framework for the penetration tester is that there is still a lack of methods or guidelines for conducting VAPT that cover all the cloud service models in one comprehensive document
The relationship between perceived friendship and proximity networks among Tanzanian Hadza
Authors: Fedurek Piotr , Aktipis Athena , Cronk Lee , Danel Dariusz , Makambi Jerryson E , Mabulla Ibrahim , Berbesque J Colette , Lehmann Julia
Published: February 2024

In humans, measures of social integration are usually based on self-reported friendships and interview-derived data. However, such measures do not take into account the actual number of social contacts an individual has, a variable that has been shown to have significant impacts on an individual’s health and well-being. In recent years advances in ‘bio-logging’ – an automated system that registers an individual’s (physical) position relative to others – have made it easier to quantify actual physical proximity between individuals. Here, we use reported friendships and GPS-derived proximity data obtained from 81 adult Hadza men and women living in northern Tanzania to directly compare perceived friendship networks with social networks based on physical proximity. Overall, the results of this study show that even though the pattern of social relationships is similar in both networks (ie individuals tend to have stronger proximity ties with nominated best friends and vice versa), individual measures of social integration, such as the number of social partners and network centrality, do not correspond to each other in the two types of social networks. For example, being central in self-reported friendship networks does not correspond with being central in proximity networks. We discuss these findings in light of study limitations, including a small sample size and challenges regarding comparing networks of different structure.
On asymptotic behavior of solutions of stochastic differential equations in multidimensional space
Authors: Yuskovych V. K.
Published: February 2024

Consider the multidimensional SDE dX(t) = a(X(t)) dt + b(X(t)) dW(t). We study the asymptotic behavior of its solution X(t) as t → ∞, namely, we study sufficient conditions of transience of its solution X(t), stabilization of its multidimensional angle X(t)/|X(t)|, and asymptotic equivalence of solutions of the given SDE and the following ODE without noise: dx(t) = a(x(t)) dt.
NEOWISE Observations of Distant Active Long-period Comets C/2014 B1 (Schwartz), C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS), and C/2010 U3 (Boattini)
Authors: Milewski Dave G. , Masiero Joseph R. , Pittichová Jana , Kramer Emily A. , Mainzer Amy K. , Bauer James M.
Published: February 2024

Hyperactive comet activity typically becomes evident beyond the frost line (∼3–4 au) where it becomes too cold for water-ice to sublimate. If carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the species that drive activity at sufficiently large distances, then detailed studies on the production rates of these species are extremely valuable to examine the formation of the solar system because these two species (beyond water) are next culpable for driving cometary activity. The NEOWISE reactivated mission operates at two imaging bandpasses, W1 and W2 at 3.4 μm and 4.6 μm, respectively, with the W2 channel being fully capable of detecting CO and CO2 at 4.67 μm and 4.23 μm in the same bandpass. It is extremely difficult to study CO2 from the ground due to contamination in Earth’s atmosphere. We present our W1 and W2 photometry, dust measurements, and findings for comets C/2014 B1 (Schwartz), C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS), and C/2010 U3 (Boattini), hereafter, B1, K2, and U3, respectively. Our results assess CO and CO2 gas production rates observed by NEOWISE. We have determined: (1) comets B1 and K2 have CO2 and CO gas production rates of ∼1027 and ∼1029 molecules s−1, respectively, if one assumes the excess emission is attributed to either all CO or all CO2; (2) B1 and K2 are considered hyperactive in that their measured Af
ρ dust production values are on the order of ≳103 cm; and (3) the CO and CO2 production rates do not always follow the expected convention of increasing with decreased heliocentric distance, while B1 and K2 exhibit noticeable dust activity on their inbound leg orbits.
KPM: A Flexible and Data-driven K-process Model for Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Griffith Emily J. , Hogg David W. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Hasselquist Sten , Ratcliffe Bridget , Ness Melissa , Weinberg David H.
Published: February 2024

The element abundance pattern found in Milky Way disk stars is close to two-dimensional, dominated by production from one prompt process and one delayed process. This simplicity is remarkable, since the elements are produced by a multitude of nucleosynthesis mechanisms operating in stars with a wide range of progenitor masses. We fit the abundances of 14 elements for 48,659 red-giant stars from APOGEE Data Release 17 using a flexible, data-driven K-process model—dubbed KPM. In our fiducial model, with K = 2, each abundance in each star is described as the sum of a prompt and a delayed process contribution. We find that KPM with K = 2 is able to explain the abundances well, recover the observed abundance bimodality, and detect the bimodality over a greater range in metallicity than has previously been possible. We compare to prior work by Weinberg et al., finding that KPM produces similar results, but that KPM better predicts stellar abundances, especially for the elements C+N and Mn and for stars at supersolar metallicities. The model fixes the relative contribution of the prompt and delayed processes to two elements to break degeneracies and improve interpretability; we find that some of the nucleosynthetic implications are dependent upon these detailed choices. We find that moving to four processes adds flexibility and improves the model’s ability to predict the stellar abundances, but does not qualitatively change the story. The results of KPM will help us to interpret and constrain the formation of the Galaxy disk, the relationship between abundances and ages, and the physics of nucleosynthesis.
Nucleosynthetic Analysis of Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
Authors: Wang Tianshu , Burrows Adam
Published: February 2024

We study in detail the ejecta conditions and theoretical nucleosynthetic results for 18 three-dimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations done by Fornax. Most of the simulations are carried out to at least 3 s after bounce, which allows us to follow their longer-term behaviors. We find that multidimensional effects introduce many complexities into the ejecta conditions. We see a stochastic electron fraction evolution, complex peak temperature distributions and histories, and long-tail distributions of the time spent within nucleosynthetic temperature ranges. These all lead to substantial variation in CCSN nucleosynthetic yields and differences from 1D results. We discuss the production of lighter α-nuclei, radioactive isotopes, heavier elements, and a few isotopes of special interest. Comparing pre-CCSN and CCSN contributions, we find that a significant fraction of elements between roughly Si and Ge are generally produced in CCSNe. We find that 44Ti exhibits an extended production timescale as compared to 56Ni, which may explain its different distribution and higher than previously predicted abundances in supernova remnants such as Cas A and SN1987A. We also discuss the morphology of the ejected elements. This study highlights the high-level diversity of ejecta conditions and nucleosynthetic results in 3D CCSN simulations and emphasizes the need for additional long-term (∼10 s) 3D simulations to properly address such complexities.
The CHARA Array Interferometric Program on the Multiplicity of Classical Be Stars: New Detections and Orbits of Stripped Subdwarf Companions
Authors: Klement Robert , Rivinius Thomas , Gies Douglas R. , Baade Dietrich , Mérand Antoine , Monnier John D. , Schaefer Gail H. , Lanthermann Cyprien , Anugu Narsireddy , Kraus Stefan , Gardner Tyler
Published: February 2024

Rapid rotation and nonradial pulsations enable Be stars to build decretion disks, where the characteristic line emission forms. A major but unconstrained fraction of Be stars owe their rapid rotation to mass and angular momentum transfer in a binary. The faint, stripped companions can be helium-burning subdwarf OB-type stars (sdOBs), white dwarfs (WDs), or neutron stars. We present optical/near-infrared Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) interferometry of 37 Be stars selected for spectroscopic indications of low-mass companions. From multiepoch H- and/or K-band interferometry plus radial velocities and parallaxes collected elsewhere, we constructed 3D orbits and derived flux ratios and absolute dynamical masses of both components for six objects, quadrupling the number of anchor points for evolutionary models. In addition, a new wider companion was identified for the known Be + sdO binary 59 Cyg, while auxiliary Very Large Telescope Interferometer/GRAVITY spectrointerferometry confirmed circumstellar matter around the sdO companion to HR 2142. On the other hand, we failed to detect any companion to the six Be stars with γ Cas–like X-ray emission, with sdOB and main-sequence companions of the expected spectroscopic mass being ruled out for the X-ray-prototypical stars γ Cas and π Aqr, leaving elusive WDs as the most likely companions, as well as a likely explanation of the X-rays. No low-mass main-sequence close companions were identified for the other stars.
Changes in Photospheric Lorentz Force in Eruptive and Confined Solar Flares
Authors: Maity Samriddhi Sankar , Sarkar Ranadeep , Chatterjee Piyali , Srivastava Nandita
Published: February 2024

Solar flares are known to leave imprints on the magnetic field in the photosphere, often manifested as an abrupt and permanent change in the downward-directed Lorentz force in localized areas inside the active region. Our study aims to differentiate eruptive and confined solar flares based on the variations in vertical Lorentz force. We select 26 eruptive and 11 confined major solar flares (stronger than the GOES M5 class) observed during 2011–2017. We analyze these flaring regions using SHARP vector magnetograms obtained from NASA’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We also compare data corresponding to two synthetic flares from a δ-sunspot simulation reported by Chatterjee et al. We estimate the change in the horizontal magnetic field and the total Lorentz force integrated over an area around the polarity inversion line (PIL) that encompasses the location of the flare. Our results indicate a rapid increase in the horizontal magnetic field along the flaring PIL, accompanied by a significant change in the downward-directed Lorentz force in the same vicinity. Notably, we find that all the confined events under study exhibit a total change in Lorentz force of <1.8 × 1022 dyn. This threshold plays an important role in effectively distinguishing eruptive and confined flares. Further, our analysis suggests that the change in total Lorentz force also depends on the reconnection height in the solar corona at the associated flare onset. The results provide significant implications for understanding the flare-related upward impulse transmission for the associated coronal mass ejection.
On the Spin Period Distribution of Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Liu Xiao-Jin , You Zhi-Qiang , Chen Zu-Cheng , Du Shen-Shi , Li Ang , Zhu Xing-Jiang
Published: February 2024

Spin period distribution provides important clues to understand the formation of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). To uncover the intrinsic period distribution, we analyze three samples of radio MSPs in the Galactic field and globular clusters. The selection bias due to pulse broadening has been corrected but turns out to be negligible. We find that all the samples can be well described by a Weibull distribution of spin frequencies. Considering MSPs in the Galactic field or globular clusters and in isolation or binary systems, we find no significant difference in the spin distribution among these subpopulations. Based on the current known population of MSPs, we find that submillisecond pulsars are unlikely to be discovered by the Square Kilometre Array, although up to ∼10 discoveries of pulsars that spin faster than the current record holder of P = 1.4 ms are expected.
The HST Nondetection of SN Ia 2011fe 11.5 yr after Explosion Further Restricts Single-degenerate Progenitor Systems
Authors: Tucker M. A. , Shappee B. J.
Published: February 2024

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the nearby Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2011fe obtained 11.5 yr after explosion. No emission is detected at the SN location to a 1σ (3σ) limit of F555W > 30.2 (29.0) mag, or equivalently M

V
> 1.2 (−0.1) mag, neglecting the distance uncertainty to M101. We constrain the presence of donor stars impacted by the SN ejecta with the strictest limits thus far on compact (i.e.,

log

g
≳
4

) companions. H-rich zero-age main-sequence companions with masses ≥2 M
⊙ are excluded, a significant improvement upon the preexplosion imaging limit of ≈5 M
⊙. Main-sequence He stars with masses ≥1.0 M
⊙ and subgiant He stars with masses ≤0.8 M
⊙ are also disfavored by our late-time imaging. Synthesizing our limits on postimpact donors with previous constraints from preexplosion imaging, early-time radio and X-ray observations, and nebular-phase spectroscopy, essentially all formation channels for SN 2011fe invoking a nondegenerate donor star at the time of explosion are unlikely.