bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of aging in real life: three questions on aging and the comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Zampino Marta , Polidori M. Cristina , Ferrucci Luigi , O’Neill Desmond , Pilotto Alberto , Gogol Manfred , Rubenstein Laurence
Published: July 2022

Measuring intrinsic, biological age is a central question in medicine, which scientists have been trying to answer for decades. Age manifests itself differently in different individuals, and chronological age often does not reflect such heterogeneity of health and function. We discuss here the value of measuring age and aging using the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), cornerstone of geriatric medicine, and operationalized assessment tools for prognosis. Specifically, we review the benefits of employing the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI), which collects information about eight domains relevant for the global assessment of the older person (functional and cognitive status, nutrition, mobility and risk of pressure sores, multi-morbidity, polypharmacy, and co-habitation), in the evaluation of the functional status, and in the prediction of health outcomes for older adults. Further integration of biological markers of aging into multidimensional prognostic tools is warranted, as well as actions which could facilitate prognostic assessments for older persons in all healthcare settings.
Friedrich Engels als Journalist
Authors: Gehrau Volker , Birkner Thomas
Published: July 2022

Obwohl Friedrich Engels Teil des wohl bedeutendsten Intellektuellenpaars des 19. Jahrhunderts war, das den Verlauf der Weltgeschichte massiv geprägt hat, sind sein Leben und sein Werk noch immer eine kommunikationswissenschaftliche Leerstelle. Der Beitrag ordnet Engels in die Journalismusgeschichte als Sozialgeschichte ein und zeigt auf, dass er ein journalistischer Prototyp und Pionier auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Entwicklung des Journalismus war. Er prägte eine Redaktion und bearbeitete eine beachtliche Themenvielfalt. So schrieb er über soziale Verhältnisse, Kriegsereignisse und politische Zusammenhänge. Der Beitrag entwickelt aus Engels’ journalistischem Wirken einen Typologievorschlag und schließt mit weiteren analytischen Forschungsperspektiven, die sich aus der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit Friedrich Engels ergeben.
Obesity trends over 10 years in primary hip and knee arthroplasty—a study of 12,000 patients
Authors: Downey Colum , John Katie St , Chatterji Jeet , Cassar-Gheiti Adrian , O’Byrne John M. , Kenny Paddy , Cashman James P.
Published: July 2022

Objectives/Aims

Obesity and its increasing prevalence are global public health concerns. Following joint replacement, there is evidence to support that obese patients are more likely to suffer complications. We examined 10-year trends in BMI of the primary total hip and total knee replacement cohorts in our institution to discern whether the BMI of these patients has changed over time.

Methods

We examined BMI data of patients who underwent primary hip and knee arthroplasty from our institutional database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 (n = 12,169). We analysed trends in BMI over this period with respect to (i) surgical procedure, (ii) gender, and (iii) age categories.

Results

The overall number of surgical procedures increased over the study period which meant more obese patients underwent surgery over time. Average BMI did not change significantly over time; however, there was a statistically significant increase in BMI in females aged < 45 in both arthroplasty groups.

Conclusion

The average BMI of patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty in our high-volume tertiary orthopaedic centre has remained relatively unchanged over the past 10 years; however, our local service is caring for a greater number of overweight/obese patients due to the increase in overall volume. This will have significant implications on health care expenditure and infrastructure going forward which further emphasises the importance of ongoing national obesity prevention strategies. The increase in BMI seen in females aged < 45 may mark an impending era of obese younger patients with end-stage osteoarthritis.
Hydrochemical and quality assessment of irrigation water at the trans-himalayan high-altitude regions of Leh, Ladakh, India
Authors: Giri Arup , Bharti Vijay K. , Kalia Sahil , Kumar Krishna , Khansu Mayarngam
Published: July 2022

A total of seventy irrigation water samples were collected from Leh, Ladakh, India, to determine their hydrochemistry profile and water quality for irrigation purposes. Water quality indices such as total hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), potential salinity (PS), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), corrosivity ratio (CR), and chloroalkaline indices (CAI) were measured. The Piper diagram, Durov's diagram, and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram were drawn to determine the water types, ion exchange processes, and rock–soil–water interaction. The findings indicated that the hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation water are naturally alkaline. Furthermore, water quality parameters revealed that the study area’s surface water is suitable for irrigation purposes, despite relatively high TH and MH levels. The level of CR indicated that water should not be transported using metal pipes. The CAI and Durov's plot indicated direct ionic exchange processes controlling water chemistry. Additionally, this irrigation water is mainly dominated by the Ca2+–Cl−–SO42−, Na+–K+–CaCO3 + HCO3−, and Na+–K+–Cl− type, which indicates silicate rock weathering along with some anthropogenic input. The USSL salinity diagram indicated a medium salinity and low Na hazard. Hence, it is concluded that the rock weathering cycle is the natural source of all the cations and anions, and these ions pass directly from water to rock and vis-à-vis, along with some input of anthropogenic activity.
Cultures of Success: How elite students develop and realise aspirations to study Medicine
Authors: Ho Christina , Hu Wendy , Griffin Barbara
Published: July 2022

Despite decades of policies to widen participation in medical degrees, students selected for Medicine continue to reflect a socially elite group, rather than the diversity of the communities that graduates will serve. While research has documented experiences of students from disadvantaged backgrounds, this paper examines the “cultures of success” that enable advantaged students to gain entry to medical school. It documents how these students’ school and home environments enable the development and realisation of “aspirational capacity”. Aspirational capacity is not just about having a dream, but also the resources and knowledge to realise one’s dream. The paper also examines a negative side of a narrow aspirational focus. “Aspirational constriction” describes the premature foreclosure of career ambitions, which can have negative implications for both the students and for society, and for less advantaged students, who are effectively excluded from degrees such as Medicine.
The EMT-activator ZEB1 is unrelated to platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer but is predictive of survival
Authors: Rae Sophie , Spillane Cathy , Blackshields Gordon , Madden Stephen F. , Keenan Joanne , Stordal Britta
Published: July 2022

The IGROVCDDP cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line is an unusual model, as it is also cross-resistant to paclitaxel. IGROVCDDP, therefore, models the resistance phenotype of serous ovarian cancer patients who have failed frontline platinum/taxane chemotherapy. IGROVCDDP has also undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We aim to determine if alterations in EMT-related genes are related to or independent from the drug-resistance phenotypes. EMT gene and protein markers, invasion, motility and morphology were investigated in IGROVCDDP and its parent drug-sensitive cell line IGROV-1. ZEB1 was investigated by qPCR, Western blotting and siRNA knockdown. ZEB1 was also investigated in publicly available ovarian cancer gene-expression datasets. IGROVCDDP cells have decreased protein levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin (6.18-fold, p = 1.58e−04) and higher levels of mesenchymal markers vimentin (2.47-fold, p = 4.43e−03), N-cadherin (4.35-fold, p = 4.76e−03) and ZEB1 (3.43-fold, p = 0.04). IGROVCDDP have a spindle-like morphology consistent with EMT. Knockdown of ZEB1 in IGROVCDDP does not lead to cisplatin sensitivity but shows a reversal of EMT-gene signalling and an increase in cell circularity. High ZEB1 gene expression (HR = 1.31, n = 2051, p = 1.31e−05) is a marker of poor overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian-cancer patients. In contrast, ZEB1 is not predictive of overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian-cancer patients known to be treated with platinum chemotherapy. The increased expression of ZEB1 in IGROVCDDP appears to be independent of the drug-resistance phenotypes. ZEB1 has the potential to be used as biomarker of overall prognosis in ovarian-cancer patients but not of platinum/taxane chemoresistance.
Evidence-Based Practice in Medical Education: Mapping a Research and Critical Analysis Program Against the Sicily Statement
Authors: Burns Pippa , Weston Kathryn M
Published: July 2022

This paper describes how evidence-based practice (EBP) is taught through an integrated curriculum across a 4-year graduate MD program. Mapping of the curriculum to the domains of the Sicily Statement of EBP was an effective approach to evaluate integration of EBP into a graduate medical education program. The longitudinal integration of EBP engages students in multiple opportunities to learn, understand, and apply these concepts. The EBP program incorporates both traditional and innovative teaching approaches and can easily be adapted for other professional courses. This whole-course approach is graduating a new generation of doctors with a sound understanding of EBP.
Freight Traffic Impacts and Logistics Inefficiencies in India: Policy Interventions and Solution Concepts for Sustainable City Logistics
Authors: Sahu Prasanta K. , Pani Agnivesh , Santos Georgina
Published: July 2022

Freight traffic fulfils not only the business needs of a region to move goods between producers, manufacturers, and end consumers, but also creates a host of unintended environmental, social, and economic impacts. Despite its importance, freight traffic impacts and associated logistic inefficiencies are largely overlooked in the urban transport discussions in developing economies like India. This paper addresses this research gap by outlining the research progress related to freight transport in India and discusses the key problems related to freight system performance. The published literature in the last three decades (1990–2020), policy briefs and institutional reports are explored to summarize key findings and uncover thematic linkages. We categorize the inefficiencies in the freight system into four aspects: (i) long-haul trucking, (ii) last-mile logistics, (iii) freight distribution (inventory level), and (iv) policies and regulations. Apart from identifying the limitations in policy discourse, this paper also explores the possible solution concepts to improve efficiency in freight transport and mitigate the unintended negative externalities in urban areas. The overall conclusion is that increasing and improving infrastructure and equipment, technology and operations, and policy and regulations will go some way towards making freight more efficient in India and reducing congestion and emissions of air pollutants and GHG. The present paper can be expected to promote further freight research and effective policy instrument design in India.
Approaches Adopted by Researchers to Measure the Quality of the Experience of People Working from Home: a Scoping Review
Authors: Federici Stefano , De Filippis Maria Laura , Mele Maria Laura , Borsci Simone , Bracalenti Marco , Bifolchi Giovanni , Gaudino Giancarlo , Amendola Massimo , Cocco Antonello , Simonetti Emilio
Published: July 2022

Working from home (WFH) remotely is a modality of working that requires the careful design of systems of rules and tools to enable people to exchange information and perform actions. WFH is expected to expand after the COVID-19 pandemic. How to assess and compare in a reliable way the experience of workers with different (sociotechnical) systems of WFH is a central point to supporting the diffusion of acceptable modalities of working. However, the concept of experience and how it can be measured in the domain in WFH is yet to be clearly characterized. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology for scoping reviews, we systematically map the approaches used by researchers to assess WFH, identify which aspects are usually investigated, and examine how such aspects are usually measured in terms of questions and tools. Literature is collected using Scopus and Web of Science. Thirty-four records out of 323 focusing either on validating a scale, presenting theoretically the experience of workers or testing this empirically are included in the qualitative synthesis. The results highlight a lack of unified terminology and tools, with assessments of workers’ experience mainly characterized by survey approaches and qualitative questions. Clustering together the most investigated aspects in the literature and reviewing how these aspects are assessed, we propose a list of 10 relevant overarching dimensions and attempt to define workers’ experience in the domain of WFH remotely. This definition can be used as a tool by researchers aiming to assess the experience of workers in order to inform the design or redesign of the sociotechnical systems that enable WFH.
Globale Arbeitsstandards und Arbeitswissenschaft: Wie weiter auf dem Weg zu nachhaltiger Arbeit in globalen Lieferketten?
Authors: Helfen Markus
Published: July 2022

Gemessen an den Bewertungsmaßstäben einer sich interdisziplinär und humanistisch verstehenden Arbeitswissenschaft klafft ein tiefer Abgrund zwischen dem erreichten Wissensstand einer nachhaltigen Arbeitsgestaltung und der dokumentierten Arbeitswirklichkeit am Beginn der globalen Lieferketten. Dieser kommentierende Beitrag lädt deshalb zum interdisziplinären Dialog zwischen der Arbeitswissenschaft und ihren sozialwissenschaftlichen Schwesterdisziplinen ein, um die arbeitswissenschaftliche Forschung zu globalen Lieferketten zu erweitern. Vor dem Hintergrund der Berichte der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) wird zunächst dargestellt, wie die Lücke zwischen formaler Standardsetzung einerseits und der Einhaltung der Regeln in der Praxis andererseits in der derzeitigen sozialwissenschaftlichen Literatur interpretiert wird. Zudem werden anhand der privaten Zulieferaudits und der öffentlichen Arbeitsinspektion einzelne Befunde betrachtet, die Hinweise auf besondere Beiträge der Arbeitswissenschaft zur Thematik geben können. Der Beitrag schließt mit Überlegungen, wie die Arbeitswissenschaft die Internationalisierung ihrer Forschung ausdehnen kann, um in der Debatte um die Durchsetzung globaler Arbeitsstandards – etwa durch das Lieferkettengesetz – Gehör zu finden.
Zwischen Ich-Gesellschaft und Wir-Nation. Religionszugehörigkeit, Religiosität und der Umgang mit religiöser Vielfalt in der Schweiz
Authors: Liedhegener Antonius
Published: July 2022

Der Beitrag wirft anhand der Daten des Religionsmonitors 2017 einen differenzierten Blick auf die religiöse Vielfalt der auch sonst sehr vielschichtigen Schweizer Gesellschaft. Die Zugehörigkeit zu alten wie neuen Religionsgemeinschaften und die Religiosität ihrer Mitglieder werden herausgearbeitet. Davon ausgehend werden verschiedene Zusammenhänge des religiösen Bereichs mit anderen mehr oder weniger säkularen Teilbereichen in der ‚Ich-Gesellschaft‘ untersucht. Mit einem systemtheoretischen Ansatz und einem empirischen Zugriff wird die Frage beantwortet, wo sich welche religiösen Bezüge im Alltag und im gesellschaftlichen Miteinander ausmachen lassen, wie stark diese sind und welche Qualität sie haben. Insbesondere werden die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den unterschiedlichen religiösen Traditionen und ihren Mitgliedern sowie jenem Teil der Gesellschaft, der sich selbst keiner Religionsgemeinschaft zuordnet, in religiöser wie gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht dargestellt. Erstmals werden zudem die religionspolitischen Implikationen der aktuellen religiösen Vielfalt auf einer empirischen Datenbasis herausgestellt. Um einer Verwandlung der Schweiz von einer Willensnation in eine ‚Wir-Nation‘ und der sich abzeichnenden religionspolitischen Handlungsblockade zu entgehen, wird vorgeschlagen, die produktiven Potenziale der Schweizer Religionsgeschichte und insbesondere die Überwindung der langen konfessionellen Spaltung der Schweizer Gesellschaft als Lerngeschichte für ein neues Miteinander in religiöser Vielfalt stärker in den Blick zu nehmen.
Probleme evidenzorientierter Unterrichtspraxis
Authors: Wilkes Theresa , Stark Robin
Published: July 2022

In diesem Beitrag soll anhand eines fiktiven Anwendungsbeispiels aus der schulischen Unterrichtspraxis exemplarisch dargestellt werden, mit welchen Barrieren sich Lehrkräfte konfrontiert sehen, wenn sie individuelle unterrichtsbezogene Entscheidungen evidenzbasiert zu treffen versuchen. Es werden Stärken und Schwächen des Konzeptes der Evidenzbasierung sowie unterschiedlicher Arten von Evidenz und Forschungsdesigns (zum Beispiel Meta-Metaanalysen, Metaanalysen, Fallstudien) reflektiert und diskutiert. Unter anderem wird ein Vorgehen vorgeschlagen, welches sich weniger an der gängigen Evidenzhierarchie orientiert, an deren Spitze sich als „Gold-Standard“ systematische Reviews, Metaanalysen und randomisierte kontrollierte Studien finden, sondern vielmehr an übergeordneten Wissensbeständen (d. h. insbesondere an wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Konzepten, aber auch an einschlägigen wissenschaftlichen Ansätzen, Prinzipien und Modellen), welche aus der bildungswissenschaftlichen Forschung hervorgegangen sind. Zudem werden exemplarisch Planungsprozesse skizziert, welche die Qualität der Unterrichtspraxis mit einfachen Mitteln unterstützen können, indem wissenschaftliches Wissen, Erfahrungswissen und Kontextwissen sowie praktisches Handlungswissen integriert werden. Abschließend werden als eine mögliche Förderkomponente evidenzorientierter Unterrichtspraxis verschiedene Möglichkeiten zum weiteren Ausbau von Clearing Houses vorgeschlagen. Zudem wird auf Forschungsdesiderate hinsichtlich der Integration verschiedener, möglicherweise inkohärenter Wissensbestände hingewiesen. Dieser Beitrag hat nicht zum Ziel, die aktuellen Entwicklungen hin zu einer evidenzbasierten Schul- und Unterrichtspraxis in Frage zu stellen. Vielmehr wird eine evidenzorientierte Praxis im Sinne einer Orientierung anübergeordneten Wissensbeständenausdrücklich befürwortet.
Examining Knowledge Diffusion in the Circular Economy Domain: a Main Path Analysis
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Rejeb Karim , Zailani Suhaiza , Kayikci Yasanur , Keogh John G.
Published: July 2022

The circular economy (CE) field has recently attracted significant interest from academics and practitioners. CE represents a departure from the linear economy, which is characterised by unsustainable resource production and consumption. The growing number of publications necessitates a comprehensive analysis of this field. This is the first systematic examination of the knowledge base and knowledge diffusion pathways in the CE domain. We analyse a Web of Science dataset containing 5431 articles published between 1970 and 2020. To create a comprehensive review of the CE domain, we conducted a keyword co-occurrence network analysis. We examined four distinct types of main paths using the main path analysis (MPA) technique: forward, backward, global, and key-route. According to the analyses, CE research focuses on six primary research themes: CE and sustainability, bioeconomy, CE practices, lifecycle assessment and industrial symbiosis, construction activities, and waste management. In addition, the MPA demonstrates that the CE literature has recently focused on Industry 4.0 technologies and their contribution to CE. This is the first attempt to depict the genealogy of CE research so that scholars can comprehend the domain’s evolutionary structure, identify hot topics, and capture the history, development status, and potential future directions of CE research.
Phototoxicity of BODIPY in long-term imaging can be reduced by intramolecular motion
Authors: Kähärä Iida , Durandin Nikita , Ilina Polina , Efimov Alexander , Laaksonen Timo , Vuorimaa-Laukkanen Elina , Lisitsyna Ekaterina
Published: July 2022

For long-term live-cell fluorescence imaging and biosensing, it is crucial to work with a dye that has high fluorescence quantum yield and photostability without being detrimental to the cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that neutral boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based molecular rotors have great properties for high-light-dosage demanding live-cell fluorescence imaging applications that require repetitive illuminations. In molecular rotors, an intramolecular rotation (IMR) allows an alternative route for the decay of the singlet excited state (S1) via the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state (CT). The occurrence of IMR reduces the probability of the formation of a triplet state (T1) which could further react with molecular oxygen (3O2) to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, e.g., singlet oxygen (1O2). We demonstrate that the oxygen-related nature of the phototoxicity for BODIPY derivatives can be significantly reduced if a neutral molecular rotor is used as a probe. The studied neutral molecular rotor probe shows remarkably lower phototoxicity when compared with both the non-rotating BODIPY derivative and the cationic BODIPY-based molecular rotor in different light dosages and dye concentrations. It is also evident that the charge and localization of the fluorescent probe are as significant as the IMR in terms of the phototoxicity in a long-term live-cell imaging.

Graphical abstract
Hanging Together
Authors: Cheng Eric W.
Published: July 2022

Difference and disagreement can be valuable, yet they can also spiral out of control and damage liberal democracy. Advancing a metaphor of citizenship that the author terms 'role-based constitutional fellowship,' this book offers a solution to this challenge. Cheng argues that a series of 'divisions of labor' among citizens, differently situated, can help cultivate the foundational trust required to harness the benefits of disagreement and difference while preventing them from 'overheating' and, in turn, from leaving liberal democracy vulnerable to the growing influence of autocratic political forces. The book recognizes, however, that it is not always appropriate to attempt to cultivate trust, and acknowledges the important role that some forms of confrontation might play in identifying and rectifying undue social hierarchies, such as racial-ethnic hierarchies. Hanging Together thereby works to pave a middle way between deliberative and realist conceptions of democracy.
Explaining Tort and Crime
Authors: Dyson Matthew
Published: July 2022

Tracing almost 200 years of history, Explaining Tort and Crime explains the development of tort law and criminal law in England compared with other legal systems. Referencing legal systems from around the globe, it uses innovative comparative and historical methods to identify patterns of legal development, to investigate the English law of fault doctrine across tort and crime, and to chart and explain three procedural interfaces: criminal powers to compensate, timing rules to control parallel actions, and convictions as evidence in later civil cases. Matthew Dyson draws on decades of research to offer an analysis of the field, examining patterns of legal development, visible as motifs in the law of many legal systems.
Harnessing the Social Energies of Youths in Farming and Pastoral Communities in Managing Conflicts in Nigeria
Authors: Adzande Patience
Published: July 2022

In spite of the growing recognition of the agency of youths in volatile societies, youths continue to be an under-utilized resource in conflict management. Thus, drawing on qualitative fieldwork in Nigeria, Adzande examines how youths are contributing to the management of farmer-herder conflicts. This study shows that youths are involved in informal policing as community vigilantes, as well as participating in mediation and the enforcement of restorative justice. A new initiative which is yet to be evaluated is the community-based security architecture in which youths can work with other actors to facilitate early warning, prevention, and resolution of conflicts between farmers and herders.
Promoting Peace and Managing Farmer-Herder Conflict: The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Agogo, Ghana
Authors: Setrana Mary Boatemaa
Published: July 2022

Continued clashes between nomadic pastoralists and farmers generate concerns about the capacity of community-based civil society organizations to effectively navigate conflict resolution in Agogo Traditional Area (ATA), Ghana. The Agogo and Fulani associations ostensibly manage farmer-herder conflict but with mixed results. Setrana argues that, unlike foreign or international civil society organizations, community-based associations play important roles in managing conflict because they often have better cultural understanding. The success of such organizations, however, depends on whether they are perceived as indigenous or non-indigenous. This binary framework often leads to a winner-takes-all attitude and rarely results in sustainable conflict resolution.
Reviewing fair subject selection considerations for the unique case of post sequelae COVID-19 translational studies
Authors: Smith E.M. , Anderson E.E. , Deer R. , Prochaska J. , Bohn K. , Croisant S.
Published: July 2022

Fair inclusion of research subjects is necessary to ensure that post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) research results benefit all members of society. Scientists should conduct research on a broad sample of individuals who represent clinically relevant factors influencing a disease. Without demographic diversity and sociological and environmental variability, research outputs are less likely to apply to different populations and would thus increase health disparities. The goal of this narrative literature review and ethical analysis is to apply fair selection criteria to PASC research studies. We briefly highlight the importance of fair subject selection in translational research and then identify features of PASC, as well as PASC research, that hinder fair inclusion of research participants. We will demonstrate that determining an adequate and representative sample is not simply a matter of ensuring greater diversity; rather, fairness requires a broader evaluation of risks, burdens, and benefits specific to underrepresented populations. We provide recommendations to ensure fair subject selection in PASC research and promote translation toward positive health outcomes for all individuals, including the most vulnerable.
Differentiating online products using customer perceptions of sustainability
Authors: El Dehaibi Nasreddine , MacDonald Erin F.
Published: July 2022

Customers make quick judgments when shopping online based on how they perceive product design features. These features can be visual such as material or can be descriptive like a ‘nice gift’. Relying on feature perceptions can save customers time but can also mislead them to make uninformed purchase decisions, for example, related to sustainability. In a previous study, we developed a method to extract product design features perceived as sustainable from Amazon reviews, identifying that customer perceptions of product sustainability may differ from engineered sustainability. We previously crowdsourced annotations of French press reviews and used a natural language processing algorithm to extract the features. While these features may not contribute to engineered sustainability, customers identify the features as sustainable enabling them to make informed purchase decisions. In this study, we validate how our previously developed method can be generalised by testing it with electric scooters and baby glass bottles. Features perceived as sustainable for both products are extracted and second, participants are tested on interpreting the features using a novel collage approach. Participants placed products on a set of two axes and selected features from a list. Our results confirm that the proposed method is effective for identifying features perceived as sustainable, and that it can generalise for different products with limitations. Positively biased Amazon reviews can limit the natural language processing performance. We recommend that designers use our method when designing products to capture feature perceptions and help inform customer-oriented design decisions.
Globally rigid graphs are fully reconstructible
Authors: Garamvölgyi Dániel , Gortler Steven J. , Jordán Tibor
Published: July 2022

Ad-dimensional framework is a pair$(G,p)$, where$G=(V,E)$is a graph andpis a map fromVto$\mathbb {R}^d$. The length of an edge$uv\in E$in$(G,p)$is the distance between$p(u)$and$p(v)$. The framework is said to be globally rigid in$\mathbb {R}^d$if the graphGand its edge lengths uniquely determine$(G,p)$, up to congruence. A graphGis called globally rigid in$\mathbb {R}^d$if everyd-dimensional generic framework$(G,p)$is globally rigid.

In this paper, we consider the problem of reconstructing a graph from the set of edge lengths arising from a generic framework. Roughly speaking, a graphGis strongly reconstructible in$\mathbb {C}^d$if the set of (unlabeled) edge lengths of any generic framework$(G,p)$ind-space, along with the number of vertices ofG, uniquely determine bothGand the association between the edges ofGand the set of edge lengths. It is known that ifGis globally rigid in$\mathbb {R}^d$on at least$d+2$vertices, then it is strongly reconstructible in$\mathbb {C}^d$. We strengthen this result and show that, under the same conditions,Gis in fact fully reconstructible in$\mathbb {C}^d$, which means that the set of edge lengths alone is sufficient to uniquely reconstructG, without any constraint on the number of vertices (although still under the assumption that the edge lengths come from a generic realization).

As a key step in our proof, we also prove that ifGis globally rigid in$\mathbb {R}^d$on at least$d+2$vertices, then thed-dimensional generic rigidity matroid ofGis connected. Finally, we provide new families of fully reconstructible graphs and use them to answer some questions regarding unlabeled reconstructibility posed in recent papers.
The Representational Consequences of Municipal Civil Service Reform
Authors: KUIPERS NICHOLAS , SAHN ALEXANDER
Published: July 2022

A prominent argument holds that the chief purpose of municipal civil service reform in the United States was to dislodge the overrepresentation of recent immigrants in city government. Using new data on all municipal employees from 1850 to 1940 and employing three research designs, we detect no evidence that the share of local government jobs held by foreign-born whites decreased following the introduction of reforms. Instead, we show that foreign-born whites—Irish immigrants in particular—experienced substantial gains in local government employment, concentrated in blue-collar occupations in small- and medium-sized municipalities. Our results call for a revisionist interpretation of Progressive Era reforms by questioning generalizations drawn from the experience of the largest cities in the United States. For most municipalities, instead, civil service reform in fact opened avenues to representation for members of foreign-born constituencies who had previously been locked out of government jobs.
Shared and distinct white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia and adolescent-onset psychotic bipolar disorder
Authors: Seitz-Holland Johanna , Nägele Felix L. , Kubicki Marek , Pasternak Ofer , Cho Kang Ik K. , Hough Morgan , Mulert Christoph , Shenton Martha E. , Crow Timothy J. , James Anthony C. D. , Lyall Amanda E.
Published: July 2022

Background

While adolescent-onset schizophrenia (ADO-SCZ) and adolescent-onset bipolar disorder with psychosis (psychotic ADO-BPD) present a more severe clinical course than their adult forms, their pathophysiology is poorly understood. Here, we study potentially state- and trait-related white matter diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) abnormalities along the adolescent-onset psychosis continuum to address this need.

Methods

Forty-eight individuals with ADO-SCZ (20 female/28 male), 15 individuals with psychotic ADO-BPD (7 female/8 male), and 35 healthy controls (HCs, 18 female/17 male) underwent dMRI and clinical assessments. Maps of extracellular free-water (FW) and fractional anisotropy of cellular tissue (FAT) were compared between individuals with psychosis and HCs using tract-based spatial statistics and FSL's Randomise. FAT and FW values were extracted, averaged across all voxels that demonstrated group differences, and then utilized to test for the influence of age, medication, age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, and intelligence.

Results

Individuals with adolescent-onset psychosis exhibited pronounced FW and FAT abnormalities compared to HCs. FAT reductions were spatially more widespread in ADO-SCZ. FW increases, however, were only present in psychotic ADO-BPD. In HCs, but not in individuals with adolescent-onset psychosis, FAT was positively related to age.

Conclusions

We observe evidence for cellular (FAT) and extracellular (FW) white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset psychosis. Although cellular white matter abnormalities were more prominent in ADO-SCZ, such alterations may reflect a shared trait, i.e. neurodevelopmental pathology, present across the psychosis spectrum. Extracellular abnormalities were evident in psychotic ADO-BPD, potentially indicating a more dynamic, state-dependent brain reaction to psychosis.
Paranoia reveals the complexity in assigning individuals to groups on the basis of inferred intentions
Authors: Greenburgh Anna , Raihani Nichola
Published: July 2022

We suggest that variation, error, and bias will be essential to include in a complete computational theory of groups – particularly given that formation of group representations must often rely on inferences of intentions. We draw on the case study of paranoia to illustrate that intentions that do not correspond to group-constitutive roles may often be perceived as such.
More than one way to skin a cat: Addressing the arbitration problem in developmental science
Authors: Tatone Denis
Published: July 2022

David Pietraszewski's theory of social groups offers a developmentally plausible account of how we reason about group membership, as it delineates clear boundaries to the hypothesis space that children must navigate. Merits notwithstanding, the account remains silent with respect to the arbitration problem: It does not explain how children can appropriately select among competing frames when interpreting social interactions.
The Twitter Conference as a New Medium of Scholarly Communication (and How to Host One)
Authors: Bandula-Irwin Tanya , Kitchen Veronica
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a shift to online academic meetings such as the webinar and virtual conference. We add to the conversation about how these modes of knowledge mobilization may be more inclusive, accessible, and environmentally friendly than in-person conferences through a discussion of the Twitter conference—during which participants produce threaded tweets of their research and engage in both real-time and asynchronous scholarly discussion. In this article, we discuss how to host a Twitter conference; we claim that Twitter conferences require different skills and have different strengths and weaknesses than virtual conferences or webinars; and we recommend that they should be a permanent addition to the roster of academic knowledge-mobilization events.
Wisdom enhancement and life skills to augment CBT outcomes for depression in later life: a series of N-of-1 trials
Authors: Kadri Adam , Leddy Adrian , Gracey Fergus , Laidlaw Ken
Published: July 2022

Background:

It has been suggested that cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults be augmented with age-appropriate methods to enhance outcomes for depression treatment.

Aims:

This study investigated whether a CBT wisdom enhancement timeline technique for older adults reduced depression, as well as increase self-compassion and self-assessed wisdom.

Method:

An N-of-1 series trial with non-concurrent multiple-baseline AB design was conducted. Older adults experiencing depression, recruited from mental health service waiting lists, were randomly assigned to baseline conditions. Participants received five individual sessions of the examined intervention, offering a structured way of utilising one’s life experiences to evolve the psychological resource of wisdom within a cognitive behavioural framework, in order to improve mood. Participants completed idiographic daily measures and self-report standardised measures of depression, anxiety, self-compassion and wisdom during baseline and intervention phases, and at 1 month follow-up.

Results:

Six participants competed the study and were subject to standardised and single-case data analyses. Four participants were deemed responders with reliable changes in depression post-intervention with idiographic changes coinciding with intervention onset. Two participants saw clinically significant changes in depression scores at follow-up. One responder saw significant changes in measures of self-compassion and self-assessed wisdom.

Conclusions:

The examined technique shows promise as an effective technique for reducing depression in older adults. There is insufficient evidence to implicate wisdom and/or self-compassion as significant mechanisms of change. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin
Authors: López-Martínez M. J. , Franco-Martínez L. , Martínez-Subiela S. , Cerón J. J.
Published: July 2022

Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential fighting against antimicrobial resistance. This case is a particular issue in farm animals, as antibiotics have been traditionally given massively, but now they are becoming increasingly restricted. When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, but their concentrations can increase in other inflammatory conditions. In human patients, the most promising biomarkers to detect sepsis are currently procalcitonin and presepsin, and there is a wide range of other biomarkers under study. However, there is little information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe the general concepts of sepsis and the current knowledge about the biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses, and cattle and to discuss possible advances in the field.
Verifying Catamorphism-Based Contracts using Constrained Horn Clauses
Authors: DE ANGELIS EMANUELE , PROIETTI MAURIZIO , FIORAVANTI FABIO , PETTOROSSI ALBERTO
Published: July 2022

We address the problem of verifying that the functions of a program meet their contracts, specified by pre/postconditions. We follow an approach based on constrained Horn clauses (CHCs) by which the verification problem is reduced to the problem of checking satisfiability of a set of clauses derived from the given program and contracts. We consider programs that manipulate algebraic data types (ADTs) and a class of contracts specified by catamorphisms, that is, functions defined by simple recursion schemata on the given ADTs. We show by several examples that state-of-the-art CHC satisfiability tools are not effective at solving the satisfiability problems obtained by direct translation of the contracts into CHCs. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a transformation technique that removes the ADT terms from CHCs and derives new sets of clauses that work on basic sorts only, such as integers and booleans. Thus, when using the derived CHCs there is no need for induction rules on ADTs. We prove that the transformation is sound, that is, if the derived set of CHCs is satisfiable, then so is the original set. We also prove that the transformation always terminates for the class of contracts specified by catamorphisms. Finally, we present the experimental results obtained by an implementation of our technique when verifying many non-trivial contracts for ADT manipulating programs.
‘Almighty God, give us grace to cast away the works of darkness, and put on the armor of light’: Re-thinking Advent Themes of Darkness with Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Thomas Gabrielle
Published: July 2022

This essay addresses challenges that emerged during Advent through recent experience of lecturing at Berkeley Divinity School, the Episcopal Seminary at Yale. For many of my students, Advent 2020 presented particular challenges since they found that the recurring utilization of ‘darkness’ as a metaphor for sin and death did not sit easily with their commitment to anti-racist thought and practice. This essay does not attempt to provide a definitive model for how Anglicans might engage fully with Advent themes, but serves as a paper to ‘think with’ in which the author (a) engages with Michael Battle’s work on Anglican spirituality and (b) describes how her own expertise on Gregory of Nyssa was brought to bear on present needs. The Advent focus on darkness and light, I propose, does not need to be circumvented but provides Anglicans who are attentive to the problems of racism with an opportunity to examine further their own approach to ‘darkness’.
COUNTING TO INFINITY: GRADED MODAL LOGIC WITH AN INFINITY DIAMOND
Authors: BELLAS ACOSTA IGNACIO , VENEMA YDE
Published: July 2022

We extend the languages of both basic and graded modal logic with the infinity diamond, a modality that expresses the existence of infinitely many successors having a certain property. In both cases we define a natural notion of bisimilarity for the resulting formalisms, that we dub
$\mathtt {ML}^{\infty }$
and
$\mathtt {GML}^{\infty }$
, respectively. We then characterise these logics as the bisimulation-invariant fragments of the naturally corresponding predicate logic, viz., the extension of first-order logic with the infinity quantifier. Furthermore, for both
$\mathtt {ML}^{\infty }$
and
$\mathtt {GML}^{\infty }$
we provide a sound and complete axiomatisation for the set of formulas that are valid in every Kripke frame, we prove a small model property with respect to a widened class of weighted models, and we establish decidability of the satisfiability problem.
Pediatric Consultation-Liaison: Relationship Between Time to Initial Consult and Length of Hospitalization
Authors: Bowling Amanda A. , Bearman Sarah Kate
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Consultation-liaison (CL) services are an integral part of many pediatric hospitals, yet limited research supports its use ( Becker et al., 2020 ; Shaw et al., 2016 ). The current study examines the relationship between time to initial consult (TTIC) and hospitalization length.

Methods:

Data were obtained through a retrospective chart review of all youth who received an initial consult visit by a CL service from October 8, 2016 through October 7, 2017 ( N = 302). Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between TTIC and hospitalization length.

Results:

There was a statistically significant large effect between TTIC and length of hospitalization ( F(1, 300) = 369.50, p < .001, R2 = .55; η2 p = .55; Cohen et al., 2003 ). Furthermore, results suggest that more than half of the differences between patient hospitalization lengths can be explained by TTIC.

Conclusions:

These results reveal an association between TTIC and hospitalization length. The influence of mental health diagnosis and hospital visit reason are explored. Results suggest that medical providers should refer patients to CL services early within their hospital stay. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Implications for Impact Statement

The results of the current study indicate an association between the length of time from hospital admission to an initial consult visit with psychology (consultation-liaison or CL) staff in a pediatric hospital and overall hospitalization length. The results advocate for the use of CL services in the pediatric hospital setting and imply that medical providers should refer patients to CL services early within their hospital stay.
Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota
Authors: Ma Shu-Rong , Tong Qian , Lin Yuan , Pan Li-Bin , Fu Jie , Peng Ran , Zhang Xian-Feng , Zhao Zhen-Xiong , Li Yang , Yu Jin-Bo , Cong Lin , Han Pei , Zhang Zheng-Wei , Yu Hang , Wang Yan , Jiang Jian-Dong
Published: July 2022

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite. This study investigates whether or not berberine (BBR) could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosis. Effects of BBR on TMAO production in the gut microbiota, as well as on plaque development in atherosclerosis were investigated in the culture of animal intestinal bacterial, HFD-fed animals and atherosclerotic patients, respectively. We found that oral BBR in animals lowers TMAO biosynthesis in intestine through interacting with the enzyme/co-enzyme of choline-trimethylamine lyase (CutC) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the gut microbiota. This action was performed by BBR’s metabolite dihydroberberine (a reductive BBR by nitroreductase in the gut microbiota), via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway. Oral BBR decreased TMAO production in animal intestine, lowered blood TMAO and interrupted plaque formation in blood vessels in the HFD-fed hamsters. Moreover, 21 patients with atherosclerosis exhibited the average decrease of plaque score by 3.2% after oral BBR (0.5 g, bid) for 4 months (*P < 0.05, n = 21); whereas the plaque score in patients treated with rosuvastatin plus aspirin, or clopidogrel sulfate or ticagrelor (4 months, n = 12) increased by 1.9%. TMA and TMAO in patients decreased by 38 and 29% in faeces (*P < 0.05; *P < 0.05), and 37 and 35% in plasma (***P < 0.001; *P < 0.05), after 4 months on BBR. BBR might treat atherosclerotic plaque at least partially through decreasing TMAO in a mode of action similar to that of vitamins.