bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Improves Global Satellite Observations of Ocean Eddy Dynamics
Authors: Martin Scott A. , Manucharyan Georgy E. , Klein Patrice
Published: September 2024

Ocean eddies affect large‐scale circulation and induce a kinetic energy cascade through their non‐linear interactions. However, since global observations of eddy dynamics come from satellite altimetry maps that smooth eddies and distort their geometry, the strength of this cascade is underestimated. Here, we use deep learning to improve observational estimates of global surface geostrophic currents and explore the implications for the cascade. By synthesizing multi‐modal satellite observations of sea surface height (SSH) and temperature, we achieve up to a 30% improvement in spatial resolution over the community‐standard SSH product. This reveals numerous strongly interacting eddies that were previously obscured by smoothing. In many regions, these newly resolved eddies lead to nearly an order‐of‐magnitude increase in the upscale kinetic energy cascade that peaks in spring and is strong enough to drive the seasonality of large mesoscale eddies. Our study suggests that deep learning can be a powerful paradigm for satellite oceanography.
Earth's Mesosphere During Possible Encounters With Massive Interstellar Clouds 2 and 7 Million Years Ago
Authors: Miller Jesse A. , Opher Merav , Hatzaki Maria , Papachristopoulou Kyriakoula , Thomas Brian C.
Published: September 2024

Our solar system's path has recently been shown to potentially intersect dense interstellar clouds 2 and 7 million years ago: the Local Lynx of Cold Cloud and the edge of the Local Bubble. These clouds compressed the heliosphere, directly exposing Earth to the interstellar medium. Previous studies that examined climate effects of these encounters argued for an induced ice age due to the formation of global noctilucent clouds (NLCs). Here, we revisit such studies with a modern 2D atmospheric chemistry model using parameters of global heliospheric magnetohydrodynamic models as input. We show that NLCs remain confined to polar latitudes and short seasonal lifetimes during these dense cloud crossings lasting ∼105 years. Polar mesospheric ozone becomes significantly depleted, but the total ozone column broadly increases. Furthermore, we show that the densest NLCs lessen the amount of sunlight reaching the surface instantaneously by up to 7% while halving outgoing longwave radiation.
Detectable Continental Crust in the Earth's Deep Interior Inferred From Thermodynamic Modeling
Authors: Li Yibing , Chen Yi , Palin Richard M. , Tian Xiaobo , Liang Xiaofeng , Liu Lijun
Published: September 2024

Compelling evidence indicates that continental crust can subduct to >300 km and even enter the mantle transition zone (MTZ). However, detecting continental materials within the deep Earth is challenging due to our incomplete knowledge about their physical properties at mantle conditions. We use a newly compiled mineral‐physical database coupled with thermodynamic modeling to calculate seismic velocities of the subducted continental crust (SCC) beyond 150 km. Results show that the SCC has one seismically detectable window depth (300–390 km) with ∼4% VP anomaly. Besides, the upper crust has another two window depths (<250 km and 610–660 km) with anomalies of −6.4%–−1.6% and −7.6%–−2.2%, and 3.6%–7.9% and 3.9%–8.6% for VP and VS compared to those of the ambient mantle, respectively. These predicted SCC characteristics match seismic anomalies at mantle depths and suggest subducted upper crust potentially contributing to the high‐velocity anomalies in the MTZ.
Pacific Interannual and Multidecadal Variability Recorded in δ18O of South American Summer Monsoon Precipitation
Authors: Orrison R. , Vuille M. , Rodrigues J. C. , Stríkis N. M. , Cruz F. , Rodriguez‐Caton M. , Andreu‐Hayles L.
Published: September 2024

The South American summer monsoon (SASM) generates important hydroclimatic impacts in (sub‐)tropical South America and isotopic tracers recorded in paleoclimatic archives allow for assessing its long‐term response to Pacific variability prior to modern observations. Stable oxygen isotopes in precipitation integrate hydroclimatic changes during the SASM mature phase from December to February (DJF) in response to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. Here, results from the isotope‐enabled Community Atmosphere Model v.5 are compared with highly resolved and precisely dated isotopic records from speleothems, tree rings, lake and ice cores during the industrial era (1880–2000 CE) and validated against observations from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) network. Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are coupled to the isotopic composition of SASM precipitation through perturbations in the Walker circulation associated with low‐ (IPO) and high‐frequency (ENSO) variability, impacting convective activity over tropical South America and the tropical Atlantic. Changes in convection over this monsoon entrance region ultimately control the downstream oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation recorded in paleoclimate archives. Overall, model results, paleoclimate records and IAEA data agree on the isotopic response to Pacific SST forcing. These results highlight the potential for long isotopic paleoclimate records to reconstruct Pacific climate variability on both high‐ and low‐frequency timescales. Furthermore, the isolation of the IPO signal in a diverse set of isotopic archives invites the reinterpretation of other paleoclimate proxies for identifying this historically overlooked forcing.
Loss of DOCK2 potentiates Inflammatory Bowel Disease–associated colorectal cancer via immune dysfunction and IFNγ induction of IDO1 expression
Authors: Churchhouse Antonia M. D. , Billard Caroline V. , Suzuki Toshiyasu , Pohl Sebastian Ö. G. , Doleschall Nora J. , Donnelly Kevin , Nixon Colin , Arends Mark J. , Din Shahida , Kirkwood Kathryn , Marques Junior Jair , Von Kriegsheim Alex , Coffelt Seth B. , Myant Kevin B.
Published: September 2024

Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is a known and serious complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affecting the colon. However, relatively little is known about the pathogenesis of IBD-associated colorectal cancer in comparison with its sporadic cancer counterpart. Here, we investigated the function of Dock2, a gene mutated in ~10% of IBD-associated colorectal cancers that encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Using a genetically engineered mouse model of IBD-CRC, we found that whole body loss of Dock2 increases tumourigenesis via immune dysregulation. Dock2-deficient tumours displayed increased levels of IFNγ-associated genes, including the tryptophan metabolising, immune modulatory enzyme, IDO1, when compared to Dock2-proficient tumours. This phenotype was driven by increased IFNγ-production in T cell populations, which infiltrated Dock2-deficient tumours, promoting IDO1 expression in tumour epithelial cells. We show that IDO1 inhibition delays tumourigenesis in Dock2 knockout mice, and we confirm that this pathway is conserved across species as IDO1 expression is elevated in human IBD-CRC and in sporadic CRC cases with mutated DOCK2. Together, these data demonstrate a previously unidentified tumour suppressive role of DOCK2 that limits IFNγ-induced IDO1 expression and cancer progression, opening potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Caveolin-1 knockout mitigates breast cancer metastasis to the lungs via integrin α3 dysregulation in 4T1-induced syngeneic breast cancer model
Authors: Singh Dhirendra Pratap , Pathak Rashmi , Chintalaramulu Naveen , Pandit Abhishek , Kumar Avinash , Ebenezer Philip J. , Kumar Sanjay , Duplooy Alexander , White Mary Evelyn , Jambunathan Nithya , Dharmakumar Rohan , Francis Joseph
Published: September 2024

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a critical lipid raft protein playing dual roles as both a tumor suppressor and promoter. While its role in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis has been recognized, the explicit contribution of Cav-1 to the onset of lung metastasis from primary breast malignancies remains unclear. Here, we present the first evidence that Cav-1 knockout in mammary epithelial cells significantly reduces lung metastasis in syngeneic breast cancer mouse models. In vitro, Cav-1 knockout in 4T1 cells suppressed extracellular vesicle secretion, cellular motility, and MMP secretion compared to controls. Complementing this, in vivo analyses demonstrated a marked reduction in lung metastatic foci in mice injected with Cav-1 knockout 4T1 cells as compared to wild-type cells, which was further corroborated by mRNA profiling of the primary tumor. We identified 21 epithelial cell migration genes exhibiting varied expression in tumors derived from Cav-1 knockout and wild-type 4T1 cells. Correlation analysis and immunoblotting further revealed that Cav-1 might regulate metastasis via integrin α3 (ITGα3). In silico protein docking predicted an interaction between Cav-1 and ITGα3, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, Cav-1 and ITGα3 knockdown corroborated its role in metastasis in the cell migration assay.
Targeting cell death in NAFLD: mechanisms and targeted therapies
Authors: Xu Hui-li , Wan Sheng-rong , An Ying , Wu Qi , Xing Yi-hang , Deng Chen-hao , Zhang Ping-ping , Long Yang , Xu Bu-tuo , Jiang Zong-zhe
Published: September 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of chronic liver disease which ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation activation, fibrosis, and cell death. To date, a number of preclinical studies or clinical trials associated with therapies targeting fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory factors and liver fibrosis are performed to develop effective drugs for NAFLD/NASH. However, few therapies are cell death signaling-targeted even though the various cell death modes are present throughout the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Here we summarize the four types of cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors such as free fatty acid and LPS induce cell death in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, we also review the effects of cell death-targeted therapies on NAFLD. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of various cell death modes in the progression of NAFLD, which we hope will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Network state changes in sensory thalamus represent learned outcomes
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Huang Ziyan , Paricio-Montesinos Ricardo , Gründemann Jan
Published: September 2024

Thalamic brain areas play an important role in adaptive behaviors. Nevertheless, the population dynamics of thalamic relays during learning across sensory modalities remain unknown. Using a cross-modal sensory reward-associative learning paradigm combined with deep brain two-photon calcium imaging of large populations of auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) neurons in male mice, we identified that MGB neurons are biased towards reward predictors independent of modality. Additionally, functional classes of MGB neurons aligned with distinct task periods and behavioral outcomes, both dependent and independent of sensory modality. During non-sensory delay periods, MGB ensembles developed coherent neuronal representation as well as distinct co-activity network states reflecting predicted task outcome. These results demonstrate flexible cross-modal ensemble coding in auditory thalamus during adaptive learning and highlight its importance in brain-wide cross-modal computations during complex behavior.
Role of vector phenotypic plasticity in disease transmission as illustrated by the spread of dengue virus by Aedes albopictus
Authors: Brass Dominic P. , Cobbold Christina A. , Purse Bethan V. , Ewing David A. , Callaghan Amanda , White Steven M.
Published: September 2024

The incidence of vector-borne disease is on the rise globally, with burdens increasing in endemic countries and outbreaks occurring in new locations. Effective mitigation and intervention strategies require models that accurately predict both spatial and temporal changes in disease dynamics, but this remains challenging due to the complex and interactive relationships between environmental variation and the vector traits that govern the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Predictions of disease risk in the literature typically assume that vector traits vary instantaneously and independently of population density, and therefore do not capture the delayed response of these same traits to past biotic and abiotic environments. We argue here that to produce accurate predictions of disease risk it is necessary to account for environmentally driven and delayed instances of phenotypic plasticity. To show this, we develop a stage and phenotypically structured model for the invasive mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus, and dengue, the second most prevalent human vector-borne disease worldwide. We find that environmental variation drives a dynamic phenotypic structure in the mosquito population, which accurately predicts global patterns of mosquito trait-abundance dynamics. In turn, this interacts with disease transmission to capture historic dengue outbreaks. By comparing the model to a suite of simpler models, we reveal that it is the delayed phenotypic structure that is critical for accurate prediction. Consequently, the incorporation of vector trait relationships into transmission models is critical to improvement of early warning systems that inform mitigation and control strategies.
Artificial selection improves pollutant degradation by bacterial communities
Authors: Arias-Sánchez Flor I. , Vessman Björn , Haym Alice , Alberti Géraldine , Mitri Sara
Published: September 2024

Artificial selection is a promising way to improve microbial community functions, but previous experiments have only shown moderate success. Here, we experimentally evaluate a new method that was inspired by genetic algorithms to artificially select small bacterial communities of known species composition based on their degradation of an industrial pollutant. Starting from 29 randomly generated four-species communities, we repeatedly grew communities for four days, selected the 10 best-degrading communities, and rearranged them into 29 new communities composed of four species of equal ratios whose species compositions resembled those of the most successful communities from the previous round. The best community after 18 such rounds of selection degraded the pollutant better than the best community in the first round. It featured member species that degrade well, species that degrade badly alone but improve community degradation, and free-rider species that did not contribute to community degradation. Most species in the evolved communities did not differ significantly from their ancestors in their phenotype, suggesting that genetic evolution plays a small role at this time scale. These experiments show that artificial selection on microbial communities can work in principle, and inform on how to improve future experiments.
Manipulation of anisotropic Zhang-Rice exciton in NiPS3 by magnetic field
Authors: Song Feilong , Lv Yanpei , Sun Yu-Jia , Pang Simin , Chang Haonan , Guan Shan , Lai Jia-Min , Wang Xu-Jie , Wu Bang , Hu Chengyong , Yuan Zhiliang , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2024

The effect of external magnetic fields on the behavior of the Zhang-Rice exciton in NiPS3, which captures the physics of spin-orbital entanglement in 2D XY-type antiferromagnets, remains unclear. This study presents systematic study of angle-resolved and polarization-resolved magneto-optical photoluminescence spectra of NiPS3 in the Voigt geometry. We observed highly anisotropic, non-linear Zeeman splitting and polarization rotation of the Zhang-Rice exciton, which depends on the direction and intensity of the magnetic field and can be attributed to the spin-orbital coupling and field-induced spin reorientation. Furthermore, above the critical magnetic field, we detected additional splitting of the exciton peaks, indicating the coexistence of various orientations of Néel vector. This study characterizes orbital change of Zhang-Rice exciton and field-induced spin-reorientation phase transitions in a 2D hexagonal XY-type antiferromagnet, and it further demonstrates the continuous manipulation of the spin and polarization of the Zhang-Rice exciton.
MyThisYourThat for interpretable identification of systematic bias in federated learning for biomedical images
Authors: Naumova Klavdiia , Devos Arnout , Karimireddy Sai Praneeth , Jaggi Martin , Hartley Mary-Anne
Published: September 2024

Distributed collaborative learning is a promising approach for building predictive models for privacy-sensitive biomedical images. Here, several data owners (clients) train a joint model without sharing their original data. However, concealed systematic biases can compromise model performance and fairness. This study presents MyThisYourThat (MyTH) approach, which adapts an interpretable prototypical part learning network to a distributed setting, enabling each client to visualize feature differences learned by others on their own image: comparing one client’s 'This’ with others’ 'That’. Our setting demonstrates four clients collaboratively training two diagnostic classifiers on a benchmark X-ray dataset. Without data bias, the global model reaches 74.14% balanced accuracy for cardiomegaly and 74.08% for pleural effusion. We show that with systematic visual bias in one client, the performance of global models drops to near-random. We demonstrate how differences between local and global prototypes reveal biases and allow their visualization on each client’s data without compromising privacy.
H2-driven biocatalysis for flavin-dependent ene-reduction in a continuous closed-loop flow system utilizing H2 from water electrolysis
Authors: Lim Guiyeoul , Calabrese Donato , Wolder Allison , Cordero Paul R. F. , Rother Dörte , Mulks Florian F. , Paul Caroline E. , Lauterbach Lars
Published: September 2024

Despite the increasing demand for efficient and sustainable chemical processes, the development of scalable systems using biocatalysis for fine chemical production remains a significant challenge. We have developed a scalable flow system using immobilized enzymes to facilitate flavin-dependent biocatalysis, targeting as a proof-of-concept asymmetric alkene reduction. The system integrates a flavin-dependent Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) and a soluble hydrogenase to enable H2-driven regeneration of the OYE cofactor FMNH2. Molecular hydrogen was produced by water electrolysis using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and introduced into the flow system via a designed gas membrane addition module at a high diffusion rate. The flow system shows remarkable stability and reusability, consistently achieving >99% conversion of ketoisophorone to levodione. It also demonstrates versatility and selectivity in reducing various cyclic enones and can be extended to further flavin-based biocatalytic approaches and gas-dependent reactions. This electro-driven continuous flow system, therefore, has significant potential for advancing sustainable processes in fine chemical synthesis.
Exploring the triplet state properties of thio-benzothioxanthene imides with applications in TTA-upconversion and photopolymerization
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Liang Hui , He Xitong , Li Weiqiang , Nian Zhiyao , Mahmood Zafar , Huo Yanping , Ji Shaomin
Published: September 2024

Thio-BTXI was used as a photosensitizer for TTA-UC, obtaining a high upconversion luminescence efficiency of 13.8% and it was used as a photoinitiator for photopolymerization, achieving green light-activated olefin radical polymerization.
Metal- and oxidant-free carbonylation of benzylic and allylic C–H bonds with H2O via dual oxidative radical-polar crossover
Authors: Yang Xiaona , Ren Bingjie , Guo Hongyu , Liu Rongfang , Zhou Rong
Published: September 2024

A visible-light photocatalytic carbonylation of both benzylic and allylic C–H bonds with H2O in a metal-, oxidant-, and additive-free manner via a dual oxidative radical-polar crossover (ORPC) process has been developed.
Toward safer and more sustainable by design biocatalytic amide-bond coupling
Authors: Söderberg Elisabeth , von Borries Kerstin , Norinder Ulf , Petchey Mark , Ranjani Ganapathy , Chavan Swapnil , Holmquist Hanna , Johansson Magnus , Cotgreave Ian , Hayes Martin A. , Fantke Peter , Syrén Per-Olof
Published: September 2024

We describe an exploratory approach to a concept of safer and more sustainable by design in biocatalytic amide bond synthesis.
Selective hydrogenation of guaiacol to 2-methoxycyclohexanone over supported Pd catalysts
Authors: Taniwaki Yota , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Yabushita Mizuho , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: September 2024

Pd/TiO2 (anatase) with an appropriate Pd particle size (3 nm) effectively catalyzed the selective hydrogenation of guaiacol to 2-methoxycyclohexanone in water solvent.
Assessment of M6 monazite as a potential reference material for in situ microbeam analyses of U–Th–Pb geochronology and O–Nd isotopes
Authors: Chen Zhi , Wu Li-Guang , Ling Xiao-Xiao , Wotzlaw Jörn-Frederik , Chelle-Michou Cyril , Li Yang , Hou Zhen-Hui , Song Wen-Lei , Mao Qian , Yang Wen-Qiang , Liu Yu , Tang Guo-Qiang , Li Jiao , Li Qiu-Li , Li Xian-Hua
Published: September 2024

M6 monazite is investigated as a reference material for U–Th–Pb microanalysis and a potential reference for in situ Nd–O isotopicanalyses.
Multifunctional B/N/O-co-doped porous spherical carbons to achieve superior capacitive performance with OER activity
Authors: Pal Manjula , Bhowmik Soumitra , Nandi Mahasweta
Published: September 2024

B, N and O-co-doped carbon with a spherical morphology obtained from the carbonization of a polymer of 1,4-phenylenediamine/formaldehyde/phloroglucinol and boric acid shows remarkable energy storage properties along with the ability to split water.
Endocytosis efficiency and targeting ability by the cooperation of nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Teng , Chen Tianjiao , Tan Huifeng , Zhang Songsong , Wei Hao , Wang Qiang , Zhang Zhijia , Zhou Wenjun , Wang Lin , Wang Guojun
Published: September 2024

This paper reveals the cooperative endocytosis and influencing factors of small nanoparticles, utilizing cooperation effects to achieve targeted functions.
Plasma-assisted doping of pyrolyzed corn husk strengthened by MoS2/polyethersulfone for fascinating microwave absorbing/shielding and energy saving properties
Authors: Rezaei Hassan , Soltani-Mohammadi Fereshteh , Dogari Haniyeh , Ghafuri Hossein , Peymanfar Reza
Published: September 2024

An outstanding microwave absorbing/shielding and energy-saving nanocomposite with a conjugated structure was obtained from pyrolyzed corn husk strengthened by N-doping (via plasma treatment), MoS2 nanoflowers, and polyethersulfone (PES).
MoS2-functionalized chitosan hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant functions promotes healing of infected diabetic wounds
Authors: He Yingjie , Guo Jiahe , Li Hua , Jiang Jiaxi , Chen Jing , Yang Guichun , Yang Xiaofan , Chen Zhenbing , Lu Cuifen
Published: September 2024

Construction and application of a MoS2-based injectable self-healing composite hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant dual functions for promoting infected diabetic wound healing.
Phototherapeutic applications of benzophenone-containing NIR-emitting photosensitizers based on different receptor modulations
Authors: Chen Shuge , Li Jianqing , Yin Weidong , Li Weiqiang , He Xitong , Liang Hui , Mahmood Zarfar , Huo Yanping , Zhao Zujin , Ji Shaomin
Published: September 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a crucial role in treating cancer and major infectious diseases.
Flow field characteristics and drag reduction performance of high–low velocity stripes on the biomimetic imbricated fish scale surfaces
Authors: Chen Dengke , Cui XianXian , Chen Huawei
Published: September 2024

Improving energy efficiency and cost reduction is a perennial challenge in engineering. Natural biological systems have evolved unique functional surfaces or special physiological functions over centuries to adapt to their complex environments. Among these biological wonders, fish, one of the oldest vertebrate groups, has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional fluid dynamics capabilities. Researchers are actively exploring the potential of fish skin's distinctive structural and material characteristics in reducing resistance. In this study, models of biomimetic imbricated fish scale are established, and the evolution characteristics of the flow field and drag reduction performance on these bionic surfaces are investigated. The results showed a close relationship between the high–low velocity stripes generated and the fluid motion by the imbricated fish scale surface. The stripes' prominence increases with the spacing of the adjacent scales and tilt angle of the fish scale, and the velocity amplitude of the stripes decreases as the exposed length of the imbricated fish scale surface increases. Moreover, the biomimetic imbricated fish scale surface can decrease the velocity gradient and thereby reduce the wall shear stress. The insights gained from the fish skin‐inspired imbricated fish surface provide valuable perspectives for an in‐depth analysis of fish hydrodynamics and offer fresh inspiration for drag reduction and antifouling strategies in engineering applications.
Optimization for route selection under the integration of dispatching and control at the railway station: A 0‐1 programming model and a two‐stage solution algorithm
Authors: Ma Liang , Yang Kun , Guo Jin , Bao Yuanli , Wu Wenqing
Published: September 2024

At present, the mainstream studies on route selection optimization at the railway station rarely considered the overall punctuality of the operation plans and the seizing route resource between shunting operation and train running, which can endanger the running safety and reduce the efficiency at the station. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for the route selection under the integration of dispatching and control at the railway station. Firstly, the station‐type data structure, the route occupation conflict, and the operation task order were defined. Then, a 0‐1 programming model was constructed to minimize the total delay time and shorten the total travel time of all operations. Finally, a two‐stage solution algorithm based on depth‐first search algorithm and genetic algorithm was designed, and two actual cases of a technical station in China were designed. The instance verification results show that the algorithm can find the satisfactory route scheme in 250 iterations; different delay factors and travel coefficients will get different route schemes, which can provide decision support for dispatchers and operators to select routes. Through comparative analysis of algorithms, it is found that the two‐stage algorithm has higher solving efficiency than the individual depth‐first search algorithm and individual genetic algorithm.
The effect of mass and morphology on the mass assembly of galaxies
Authors: Camps-Fariña A. , Mérida R. M. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Sánchez S. F.
Published: September 2024

The pace at which galaxies grew into their current stellar masses and how this growth is regulated is still not fully understood, nor is the role that morphology plays in this process. We applied full spectral fitting techniques with pyPipe3D to the MaNGA sample to obtain its star formation and stellar mass histories and used these to investigate the mass assembly of galaxies by measuring how their specific star formation correlates to their stellar mass at different look-back times. We find that the correlation between these two parameters was shallower in the past. Galaxies used to have similar mass doubling times and the current negative correlation between the specific star formation and M* is primarily due to more massive galaxies ‘dropping’ off the main sequence earlier than less massive ones. Additionally, selecting the galaxies into bins based on their present-day morphology shows a segregation in specific star formation rate (sSFR) that is maintained even at high look-back times, showing that the factors that determine which morphology a galaxy ends up in are in place at very early times. Similarly, selecting them based on their current star formation status shows that, on average, currently retired galaxies used to have slightly a higher sSFR before the drop-off, whereas galaxies that have continued to form stars until today had a lower sSFR initially. We compare our results to a set of cosmic surveys, finding partial agreement in our results with several of them, though with significant offsets in redshift. Finally, we discuss how our results fit with certain theoretical models on galaxy evolution as well as cosmological simulations.
Cosmological constraints from the Planck cluster catalogue with new multi-wavelength mass calibration from Chandra and CFHT
Authors: Aymerich G. , Douspis M. , Pratt G. W. , Salvati L. , Soubrié E. , Andrade-Santos F. , Forman W. R. , Jones C. , Aghanim N. , Kraft R. , van Weeren R. J.
Published: September 2024

We provide a new scaling relation between YSZ, the integrated Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal and M500YX, the cluster mass derived from X-ray observations, using a sample of clusters from the Planck Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) catalogue observed in X-rays by Chandra, and compare it to the results of the Planck collaboration obtained from XMM-Newton observations of a subsample of the ESZ. We calibrated a mass bias on a subset of the Planck cosmological cluster sample using published weak-lensing data from the Canadian Cluster Cosmology Project (CCCP) and Multi Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey (MENeaCS), for the new scaling relation as well as that from the Planck collaboration. We propose a novel method to account for selection effects and find a mass bias of (1 − b) = 0.89 ± 0.04 for the Chandra-calibrated scaling relation, and (1 − b) = 0.76 ± 0.04 for the XMM-Newton-calibrated scaling relation. We applied the scaling relations we derived to the full Planck cosmological cluster sample and obtain new constraints on the cosmological parameters. We find identical constraints regardless of the X-ray sample used, with σ8 = 0.77 ± 0.02, Ωm = 0.31 ± 0.02, and S8 ≡ σ8 √(Ωm/0.3) = 0.78 ± 0.02. We also provide constraints with a redshift evolution of the scaling relation fitted from the data instead of fixing it to the self-similar value. We find a redshift evolution significantly deviating from the self-similar value, leading to a higher value of S8 = 0.81 ± 0.02. We compare our results to those from various cosmological probes, and find that our S8 constraints are competitive with the tightest constraints from the literature. When assuming a self-similar redshift evolution, our constraints are in agreement with most late-time probes and in tension with constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary anisotropies. When relaxing the assumption of redshift evolution and fitting it to the data, we find no significant tension with results from either late-time probes or the CMB.
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to time domain astrophysics. 2D image analysis of OGLE light curves
Authors: Monsalves N. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Bayo A. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Angeloni R. , Damke G. , Segura Van de Perre J.
Published: September 2024

In recent years the amount of publicly available astronomical data has increased exponentially, with a remarkable example being large-scale multiepoch photometric surveys. This wealth of data poses challenges to the classical methodologies commonly employed in the study of variable objects. As a response, deep learning techniques are increasingly being explored to effectively classify, analyze, and interpret these large datasets. In this paper we use two-dimensional histograms to represent Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment phasefolded light curves as images. We use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify variable objects within eight different categories (from now on labels): Classical Cepheid, RR Lyrae, Long Period Variable, Miras, Ellipsoidal Binary, Delta Scuti, Eclipsing Binary, and spurious class with Incorrect Periods (Rndm). We set up different training sets to train the same CNN architecture in order to characterize the impact of the training. The training sets were built from the same source of labels but different filters and balancing techniques were applied. Namely: Undersampling, Data Augmentation, and Batch Balancing (BB). The best performance was achieved with the BB approach and a training sample size of ~370 000 stars. Regarding computational performance, the image representation production rate is of ~76 images per core per second, and the time to predict is ~60 μs per star. The accuracy of the classification improves from ~92%, when based only on the CNN, to ~98% when the results of the CNN are combined with the period and amplitude features in a two step approach. This methodology achieves comparable results with previous studies but with two main advantages: the identification of miscalculated periods and the improvement in computational time cost.
Multi-wavelength spectroscopic analysis of the ULX Holmberg II X-1 and its nebula suggests the presence of a heavy black hole accreting from a B-type donor
Authors: Reyero Serantes S. , Oskinova L. , Hamann W. -R. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Todt H. , Pauli D. , Soria R. , Gies D. R. , Torrejón J. M. , Bulik T. , Ramachandran V. , Sander A. A. C. , Bozzo E. , Poutanen J.
Published: September 2024

Context. Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are high-mass X-ray binaries with an X-ray luminosity above 1039 erg s−1. These ULXs can be powered by black holes that are more massive than 20 M⊙, accreting in a standard regime, or lighter compact objects accreting supercritically. There are only a few ULXs with known optical or ultraviolet (UV) counterparts, and their nature is debated. Determining whether optical/UV radiation is produced by the donor star or by the accretion disc is crucial for understanding ULX physics and testing massive binary evolution.

Aims. We conduct, for the first time, a fully consistent multi-wavelength spectral analysis of a ULX and its circumstellar nebula. We aim to establish the donor star type and test the presence of strong disc winds in the prototypical ULX Holmberg II X-1 (Ho II X-1). Furthermore, we aim to obtain a realistic spectral energy distribution of the ionising source, which is needed for robust nebula analysis. We acquired new UV spectra of Ho II X-1 with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and complemented them with archival optical and X-ray data. We explored the spectral energy distribution of the source and analysed the spectra using the stellar atmosphere code PoWR and the photoionisation code CLOUDY. Our analysis of the X-ray, UV, and optical spectra of Ho II X-1 and its nebula consistently explains the observations. We do not find traces of disc wind signatures in the UV and the optical, rejecting previous claims of the ULX being a supercritical accretor. The optical/UV counterpart of Ho II X-1 is explained by a B-type supergiant donor star. Thus, the observations are fully compatible with Ho II X-1 being a close binary consisting of an ≳66 M⊙ black hole accreting matter from an ≃22 M⊙ B-supergiant companion. Furthermore, we propose a possible evolution scenario for the system, suggesting that Ho II X-1 is a potential gravitational wave source progenitor.
Nitsche method for Navier–Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions: convergence analysis and VMS-LES stabilization
Authors: Bansal Aparna , Barnafi Nicolás A. , Pandey Dwijendra Narain
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we analyze Nitsche’s method for the stationary Navier–Stokes equations on Lipschitz domains under minimal regularity assumptions. Our analysis provides a robust formulation for implementing slip (i.e., Navier) boundary conditions in arbitrarily complex boundaries. The well-posedness of the discrete problem is established using the Banach Nečas–Babuška and Banach fixed point theorems under standard small data assumptions. We also provide optimal convergence rates for the approximation error. Furthermore, we propose a quasi-static VMS-LES formulation with Nitsche for the Navier–Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions to address the simulation of incompressible fluids at high Reynolds numbers. We validate our theory through several numerical tests in well-established benchmark problems.
Neue Triple-Hormon-Rezeptor-Agonisten zur Behandlung von Adipositas
Authors: Wolf Gunter
Published: September 2024

Dass Adipositas in westlichen Ländern, einschließlich Deutschland, aber auch insbesondere in Schwellenländern zunimmt, ist kein großes Geheimnis. Adipöse Menschen haben ein höheres Risiko, einen Typ-2-Diabetes zu entwickeln, und diese Erkrankung ist in Deutschland die Hauptursache für eine chronische Niereninsuffizienz und Dialysepflichtigkeit 1.
Wirkung umfassender Pflegemaßnahmen auf Wundschmerzen
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: September 2024

Patienten, die sich einer Peritonealdialyse (PD) unterziehen, erhalten normalerweise einen traumatischen Eingriff, bei dem das Bauchgewebe geschädigt wird. Chemische Substanzen, wie Bradykinin, proteolytische Enzyme und Serotonin werden dabei freigesetzt, die Nervenenden stimulieren und Schmerzen verursachen. Diese können sich erheblich auf den psychischen Zustand und die postoperative Genesung des Patienten auswirken.
Betreuung von Patienten nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Schlosser Mandy
Published: September 2024

Zur Durchführung einer Nierentransplantation (NTx) ist die Zusammenarbeit im multiprofessionellen Team grundlegend. Bezogen auf Mortalität und Lebensqualität der Patienten kann die NTx als bestes Nierenersatzverfahren angesehen werden. Mit den Fortschritten in der immunsuppressiven Therapie kann mittlerweile ein sehr gutes Transplantatüberleben im ersten Jahr (> 95 %) erreicht werden, das sich bisher jedoch nicht in den Langzeitverlauf übertragen lässt. Vor der Aufnahme auf die Warteliste für eine NTx wird die Transplantationsfähigkeit durch ein multidisziplinäres Evaluationsprogramm festgestellt und in interdisziplinären Transplantationskonferenzen beraten. Die Wartezeit auf eine NTx in Deutschland ist sehr lang und beträgt 8–10 Jahre. Deshalb steigt die Anzahl von Wartelistenabgängen aufgrund von einer Transplantationsunfähigkeit, die häufig von kardiovaskulären Komplikationen durch Adipositas und Gebrechlichkeit („frailty“) herrührt. Dieser Artikel widmet sich den Strukturen sowie dem interdisziplinären Risikomanagement typischer Komplikationen, Komorbiditäten und Risiken nierentransplantierter Patienten. Der Fokus liegt auf internistischen und urologischen Problemfeldern vor dem Hintergrund der Komplexität und Immunsuppression (IS) von nierentransplantierten Patienten.
Akutes Nierenversagen infolge eines hepatorenalen Syndroms
Authors: Ripoll Cristina , Zipprich Alexander , Wolf Gunter , Busch Martin
Published: September 2024

Das akute Nierenversagen (AKI: „acute kidney injury“) infolge eines hepatorenalen Syndroms (AKI-HRS) kommt nur bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und Aszites vor. AKI-HRS muss jedoch von anderen Ursachen des AKI abgegrenzt werden, die weitaus häufiger vorkommen. Zu nennen wären Volumenmangel, Infektionen, Gebrauch von tubulotoxischen Substanzen sowie Komorbiditäten einschließlich akuter Verschlechterungen vorbestehender chronischer Nierenerkrankungen anderer Genese, wie z. B. bei Diabetes, arterieller Hypertonie, Herzinsuffizienz und Glomerulonephritiden. Der aktuelle Expertenkonsensus hat die bisherigen Diagnosekriterien gelockert. Dennoch sollte die Diagnose eines AKI-HRS in klarer Abgrenzung zu einer vorbestehenden chronischen Nierenerkrankung oder hinsichtlich anderer Ursachen des AKI erfolgen. Dazu ist ein interdisziplinäres Management der Patienten unabdingbar. Volumenmanagement, Terlipressin und Albumin sind die führenden Säulen in der Therapie des AKI-HRS. Die Indikation zur Lebertransplantation sollte in allen Fällen geprüft werden und daher die schnelle Überweisung an spezialisierte Zentren nach sich ziehen, sofern die Patienten Transplantationskandidaten sein könnten. Die Notwendigkeit und Dauer einer Dialysetherapie müssen individuell geprüft werden.
Multiparametric ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Cantisani Vito , Bojunga Jörg , Durante Cosimo , Dolcetti Vincenzo , Pacini Patrizia
Published: September 2024

Thyroid nodules are common incidental findings. Most of them are benign, but many unnecessary fine-needle aspiration procedures, core biopsies, and even thyroidectomies or non-invasive treatments have been performed. To improve thyroid nodule characterization, the use of multiparametric ultrasound evaluation has been encouraged by most experts and several societies. In particular, US elastography for assessing tissue stiffness and CEUS for providing insight into vascularization contribute to improved characterization. Moreover, the application of AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning, enhances diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, AI-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, integrated into the diagnostic process, aid in risk stratification and minimize unnecessary interventions. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including the need for standardized TIRADS, the role of US elastography in routine practice, and the integration of AI into clinical protocols. However, the integration of clinical information, laboratory information, and multiparametric ultrasound features remains crucial for minimizing unnecessary interventions and guiding appropriate treatments. In conclusion, ultrasound plays a pivotal role in thyroid nodule management. Open questions regarding TIRADS selection, consistent use of US elastography, and the role of AI-based techniques underscore the need for ongoing research. Nonetheless, a comprehensive approach combining clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data is recommended to minimize unnecessary interventions and treatments.
Cost Comparison of a Traditional Didactic versus National Flipped Classroom Curriculum
Authors: Carbajal Melissa M. , Karpen Heidi , Arias-Shah AnnaMarie , Gisondo Carly , French Heather M. , Gray Megan M. , Izatt Susan , Gillam-Krakauer Maria , Johnston Lindsay C. , Payne Allison , Vasquez Margarita M. , Bonachea Elizabeth M. , Falck Alison J. , Chess Patricia R. , Dadiz Rita
Published: September 2024

Objective We compared the cost of faculty time preparing educational materials for traditional didactic (TD) education provided at local institutions with that of faculty time preparing National Neonatology Curriculum (NNC) flipped classroom (FC) educational materials shared among institutions for fellow education across the United States.

Study Design Using survey data and the national average for faculty educators' salaries, we calculated the cost of developing TD versus FC materials. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and comparison of two Poisson rates were utilized to evaluate the time to create versus update TD materials and the cost to create new TD versus FC materials, respectively.

Results FC materials required more time to develop than TD materials (FC, median 17 h, interquartile range [IQR]: 17; TD, median, 5 h, IQR: 5; p < 0.001). However, when the size of individual fellowship programs was factored into the cost analysis, FC materials shared nationally among programs resulted in a 19- to 72-fold cost savings when compared to the creation of new locally used TD materials (FC, $2.49 per fellow; TD $32.05–576.90 per fellow at very large-to-small fellowship programs; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Educational materials developed and disseminated to fellowship programs across the country confer significant savings in faculty educator time and cost per learner. Standardized programs such as the NNC may serve as a model to develop shared peer-reviewed educational resources for other specialties.

Key Points
Characteristics of Bleeding Complications in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Requiring Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Hayato , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Shime Nobuaki , Kushimoto Shigeki , Hashimoto Satoru , Takeda Shinhiro ,   on behalf of the Japan ECMO Network
Published: September 2024

Background Complications during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) are associated with in-hospital mortality. Asian patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have higher risks of bleeding and in-hospital mortality than Caucasian patients. This study aimed to characterize and identify bleeding complications and their associated factors related to in-hospital mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring VV-ECMO in Japan.

Methods In this retrospective observational analysis, the prospective nationwide multicenter registry was used to track real-time information from intensive care units throughout Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. VV-ECMO patients' registry data between February 1, 2020 and October 31, 2022 were used.

Results This study included 441 patients; 178 (40%) had bleeding complications in the following sites: 20% at the cannulation site, 16% in the gastrointestinal tract, 16% in the ear–nose–throat, 13% at the tracheostomy site, 9% intrathoracic, 6% intracranial, and 5% in the iliopsoas. Anticoagulation was discontinued in >50% of patients with intracranial, iliopsoas, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding. ECMO was discontinued in one-third of patients with intracranial, intramuscular, and iliopsoas hemorrhages. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only gastrointestinal tract bleeding was associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 2.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–5.60; p = 0.03).

Conclusion Incidence of bleeding complications was 40% in the Japanese population. Gastrointestinal tract bleeding emerged as a significant predictor of adverse outcomes, necessitating further research into preventive strategies and optimized care protocols. These findings can guide the management of VV-ECMO patients with COVID-19.
Correlations between Auditory Brainstem and Steady-State Responses as a Function of Age, and Severity and Configuration of Hearing Loss
Authors: Yılmaz Oğuz , Gündoğdu Oğulcan , Mutlu Berna Özge , Yaman Handan , Yatmaz Caner , Bayazıt Dilara , Bayazıt Yıldırım Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether the age of patients and severity and configuration of hearing loss would impact on the correlations between auditory brainstem response (ABR) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) results.
Methods ASSR and ABR test results of 806 ears were evaluated retrospectively. Results The ASSR thresholds correlated significantly with click ABR (c-ABR) thresholds (p < 0.01), especially at 2 to 4 kHz. The correlations were significant
in all age groups and severities and configurations of hearing loss (p < 0.01). Conclusions Since c-ABR responses help detect hearing thresholds between 2 and 4 kHz and ASSRs help detect hearing thresholds between 0.5 and 4 kHz, these tests
should be complementary when low frequencies are also involved in hearing loss. Otherwise, the outcomes of ABR and ASSR tests seem comparable independent of age of the patients and configuration and severity of hearing loss.