bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Daurian Rosehip Antioxidants by Protein-Lipid Inclusion
Authors: Bazhenova Bayana , Burkhanova Anastasia , Zabalueva Yuliya , Dobretsky Roman
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Antioxidant system is one of the main cellular mechanisms of adaptation. It is able to neutralize the destructive effect of free radicals, both external and internal. Functional products, especially of meat origin, can provide necessary antioxidant properties. Some types of plant raw materials possess a high content of polyphenol complexes with antioxidant properties. Therefore, introduction of phytonutrients into the composition of meat products can help to expand the range of foods with an antioxidant effect. Daurian rosehip is rich in biologically active substances and can increase their safety during processing. The research objective was to study the possibility of immobilization of Daurian rosehip antioxidants by protein-lipid inclusion.

Study objects and methods. The research featured fruits of Daurian rosehip, its aqueous alcoholic extract, and protein-lipid complex.

Results and discussion. The article presents experimental data on the chemical composition of Daurian rosehip. The optimal method with the best antioxidant results was a microwave phytoextraction by an aqueous alcoholic solution at a power of 800 W for 6–7 min. The antioxidants were immobilized by including the protein-lipid complex into the gel. The experiment demonstrated excellent functional and technological characteristics of the resulting system.

Conclusion. The research revealed the optimal modes of microwave extraction of biologically active substances of Daurian rosehip. The rosehip extract was included into the protein-lipid complex and immobilized antioxidants, thus increasing their efficiency.
Sustainable combinations of distinctive features of innovative firms’ business models
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Smirnov Sergei , Bobrova Svetlana ,   OOO “TTFB”, Arenkov Igor ,   St. Petersburg State University, Salichova Jana ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: June 2021

This article explores innovative firms’ business models during the development of the digital economy. The concept of business models has been in dynamic development for over a decade. Over the years, a significant number of publications have appeared, including results of theoretical and empirical studies. However, the distinctive features of business models of innovative firms have not been sufficiently studied. This article provides data on the attributes of business models of innovative firms and the development of their typology. For the research question, the assumption was taken that innovative business models have a moderately stable set of characteristic features, attributes that can be identified using factor and cluster analysis.In our framework, business models of 100 innovative companies were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to identify sustainable combinations of the characteristic features of business models and the development of typology of identified business models of innovative firms. The results of the study allowed us to develop a typology of business models of innovative firms based on the identification of the distinctive characteristics of business models, including technology, business solutions, and interactions with stakeholders. The results can be used in theoretical and empirical studies to further develop the typology of business models and to determine reasons for their success. The practical significance of the work is to identify sustainable combinations of attributes of business models that can be used for benchmarking, analysis of business models in the process of their transformation, and identifying key success factors in the development of the digital economy.
Genomic detection of waterborne enteric viruses as water quality indicators in Al-Zarqa River, Jordan
Authors: Saadoun Ismail , Ababneh Qutaiba , Jaradat Ziad
Published: June 2021

Al-Zarqa River is the second main tributary to River Jordan after the Yarmouk River. The river flow has been modified by discharge of industrial wastewater and treated domestic water. Concerns about the occurrence of waterborne pathogenic viruses in the surface waters of Al-Zarqa River prompted the analysis of the surface water quality with respect to the presence of enteric viruses. Viruses were concentrated from a total of 33 different water environmental samples including raw sewage, effluent samples and river water collected from and around the river over a period of 11 months. Calculated recovery yields for these concentration methods ranged between 2 and 8%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), nested RT-PCR and southern blotting hybridization analysis were used for the detection of hepatitis A virus, norovirus, astrovirus and human adenovirus 40/41, with the later one being detected in 21 (64%) of the samples that also showed previous positive presence for enteroviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular biology report in Jordan describing the circulation of adenoviruses, which were detected more frequently than enteroviruses in sewage and water samples, and therefore, they can be used as an index for the presence of human pathogenic viruses in water environment.
Pyridine Moiety: An Insight into Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Sahu Rakesh , Mishra Rakhi , Kumar Rajnish , Salahuddin  , Majee Chandana , Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2021

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, affecting a vast majority of the human population, therefore, new different anticancer agents are being developed now and their safety still needs to be evaluated. Among them, pyridine based drugs are contributing a lot, as they are one of the imperative pharmacophores occurring synthetically as well as naturally in heterocyclic compounds, having a wide-range of therapeutic applications in the area of drug discovery that offers many chances for further improvement in antitumor agents via acting onto numerous receptors of extreme prominence. Many pyridine derivatives are reported to inhibit enzymes, receptors and many other targets for controlling and curing the global health issue of cancer. Nowadays in combination with other moieties, researchers are focusing on the development of pyridine-based new derivatives for cancer treatment. Therefore, this review sheds light on the recent therapeutic expansion of pyridine together with its molecular docking, structure-activity-relationship, availability in the market, a summary of recently patented and published research works that shall jointly help the scientists to produce effective drugs with the desired pharmacological activity.
COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Metabolic Associations
Authors: da Silva Pedro Henrique Abreu , Garcia Andressa Santos , Alves Fábio Aguiar , dos Santos André Luis Souza , Sodré Cátia Lacerda
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic turned the SARS-CoV-2 into the main target of scientific research
all around the world. Many advances have already been made, but there is still a long way
to go to solve the molecular mechanisms related to the process of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as
well as the particularities of the disease, its course and the complex host-pathogen relationships.
However, a lot has been theorized and associated with COVID-19, like the worst prognosis of the
disease among individuals with some comorbidities, like diabetes mellitus. In this perspective, diabetic
patients are repeatedly associated with more severe cases of COVID-19 when compared to
non-diabetic patients. Even though ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) was recognized as
the host cell receptor for both binding and entering of SARS-CoV-2 particles, it was also pointed
out that this enzyme plays an important protective role against pulmonary damage. Therefore, paradoxically
as it may seem, the low baseline level of this receptor in diabetics is directly linked to a
more expressive loss of ACE2 protective effect, which could be one of the possible factors for the
worst prognosis of COVID-19. Still, COVID-19 may also have a diabetogenic effect. From this
point of view, the main topics that will be highlighted are (i) the mechanism of the viral entry, with
special attention to the cellular receptor (ACE2) and the viral binding protein (spike), (ii) the relationship
among the renin-angiotensin system, the infection process and the patients' prognosis, (iii)
the glucose control and the medicines used in this event, and (iv) a brief analysis on diabetes triggered
by COVID-19.
Molecular Modelling Simulations and Inhibitory Effects of Naturally Derived Flavonoids Targeting Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor (PAFR)
Authors: Nordin Noraziah , Jalil Juriyati , Ghani Mohd Faiz Abd , Abdullah Adib Afandi , Othman Rozana
Published: June 2021

Background:

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an agonist mediator in the inflammatory process, which interacts with PAF receptor (PAFR) that eventually causes cancers, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases. This interaction activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, leading to a pro-inflammatory cascade. The pathophysiological conditions due to activation of inflammatory cascade could be inhibited by PAF antagonists.

Objectives:

In this study, selected naturally derived flavonoids (flavone, biochanin A, and myricetin) with different functional groups were subjected to molecular modelling and experimental studies to investigate their potential as PAF antagonists.

Method:

Interactions of flavonoids and PAF were assessed via Autodock Vina for molecular docking and the AMBER program for molecular dynamic simulations. The experimentally antagonistic effects of the flavonoids were also conducted via PAF inhibitory assay to determine the IC50 values.

Results:

The findings of docking and dynamic simulations have revealed that all selected flavonoids interact with PAFR in the binding site with considerably good binding affinity up to - 9.8 kcal mol-1 as compared to cedrol (- 8.1 kcal mol-1) as a standard natural PAFR antagonist. The PAFR-flavonoid complexes exhibited four conserved active site residues, which included W73, F97, F174, and L279. The stability of all complexes was attained in a 30 ns simulation. The findings of in silico analyses were then compared to the experimental study on PAF inhibitory assay. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids against PAFR showed moderate activities, ranging from 27.8 – 30.8 μgM-1.

Conclusion:

All studied flavonoids could act as promising PAF antagonists with some enhancement in their structures to exhibit potent antagonistic activity. However, these naturally derived flavonoids demand further investigation at cellular and animal models to develop new PAF antagonist drug candidates for treating PAF-mediated diseases.
NaFePO4 Cathode Prepared from The Caustic Fusion of A Mix Ilmenite-Hematite Followed by Cyclic Voltammetry for Na Insertion
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Rahmawati Fitria , Aman Nur Romadhona Dwi ,   Chemistry Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Faiz Syulfi ,   Chemistry Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Published: June 2021

Research to prepare NaFePO4 cathode material from iron sand was conducted. The iron sand consists of ilmenite FeTiO3 and hematite Fe2O3. A caustic fusion method used to precipitate iron as Fe(OH)3 and it increased Fe content up to 94.71 %. Phosphate precipitation successfully produced trigonal FePO4 and monoclinic FePO4 comply with ICSD#412736 and ICSD#281079. The prepared-FePO4 was then used as a precursor for Na insertion by applying cyclic voltammetry mode within 2.0 – 4.0 V with 0.05 mVs-1 of the scan rate. It produced orthorhombic olivine NaFePO4 and a secondary phase of orthorhombic Na0.7FePO4. Impedance analysis at 20 Hz – 5 MHz found that the material provided a semicircle at 100 Hz peak point, indicating electrode-bulk interface with a resistance value of 1735W, comparable to the electrical conductivity of 5.36 x 10-6 Scm-1. Even though the conductivity value is quite lower than NaFePO4 prepared from a commercial FePO4 that has been conducted in our previous research, however the electrical conductivity still reliable for cathode.
Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA) and Its Metabolite in Urine Sample Using Liquid Chromatography – High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS)
Authors:   Quality and Research Division, The Center of Narcotics Laboratory of National Narcotics Board Republic of Indonesia, Dwi Widayati Rieska , Tanti Tanti ,   Quality and Research Division, The Center of Narcotics Laboratory of National Narcotics Board Republic of Indonesia, Nindya Maulida Erlana ,   Quality and Research Division, The Center of Narcotics Laboratory of National Narcotics Board Republic of Indonesia, Luther Silubun Martin ,   Quality and Research Division, The Center of Narcotics Laboratory of National Narcotics Board Republic of Indonesia
Published: June 2021

Synthetic cannabinoids are commonly known as Gorillas Tobacco, Hanomans Tobacco or Ganeshas Tobacco in Indonesia. Those products are camouflaged as a tobacco related to the number of smokers in Indonesia. The 5F-ADB (5F-MDMB-PINACA) has become an issue since 2016. It was undetectable by conventional drug testing methodology such as immunoassay method. GC-MS as a routine method analysis is not recommended also for detecting the metabolites from biological specimen with low concentration. The paper report LC-HRMS based method for identification of 5F-ADB and its metabolites in urine sample. Various of volume injections (1, 3, and 6 µL) was studied. Sample was acidified with concentrate of HCl, then undergo extraction with EXtrelut® Column NT3 prior to LC-HRMS analysis. The full method was operated for MS/dd-MS2 identification. The 5F-ADB and its ester hydrolysis metabolite, 5F-ADB metabolite 7 (C19H27FN3O3+) was detected in urine sample.
Arañas edáficas del clado RTA (Arachnida: Araneae) del sur de Tonatico, Estado de México, México
Authors: Guerrero-Fuentes Dariana R. , Desales-Lara Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

Los estudios ecológicos en México sobre arañas del clado RTA son casi nulos. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo se enfocó en analizar las variaciones en la abundancia, riqueza, diversidad, composición y estructura de las comunidades de arañas del clado RTA entre las temporadas de lluvias y secas, en tres sitios con diferente tipo de vegetación. Los sitios de muestreo fueron un pastizal inducido, un bosque de pino y una selva baja caducifolia en Tonatico, Estado de México. Las arañas fueron recolectadas mensualmente de noviembre del 2011 a octubre del 2012, usando trampas de caída en cada sitio. Se recolectaron 805 arañas, agrupadas en 16 familias, 29 géneros y 49 especies. Las familias mejor representadas fueron Lycosidae, Gnaphosidae, Salticidae y Corinnidae; mientras que Pardosa medialis, P. pauxilla y P. marialuisae fueron las especies más abundantes. Aunque no encontramos diferencias estadísticas en la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad entre los diferentes tipos de vegetación, la composición de especies entre sitios si fue estadísticamente diferente. También encontramos que en los tres sitios en la temporada de lluvias hubo mayor cantidad de organismos y mayor número de especies. Además, las especies compartidas entre los tres sitios presentaron diferente categoría ecológica. Las diferencias en cuanto a la composición y estructura de las comunidades de arañas las atribuimos a la disimilitud en el tipo de vegetación de cada sitio. Asimismo, inferimos que en la temporada de lluvias hay mayor abundancia y riqueza de arañas debido a que hay mayor disponibilidad de recursos. Para estudios futuros sugerimos evaluar variables microclimáticas para entender mejor la composición y estructura de las comunidades de arañas del clado RTA.
Estimating Met-Ocean Parameters during a Tropical Cyclone for Marine Science and Engineering
Authors:   Coastal Studies Institute, Hsu Shih-Ang ,   Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Published: June 2021

During a tropical cyclone (TC) worldwide, the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorological Branch (RAMMB) of NOAA/NESDIS (http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/) issues real-time TC surface wind analyses. The purpose of this article is to provide value-added estimations of several meteorological and oceanographic (met-ocean) parameters including overwater friction velocity and turbulence intensity, variation of the wind speed with height, significant wave height, peak or dominant wave period, wind-driven currents and wind-stress tides. Since these proposed value-added parameters are also validated by other independent methods available from the literature, these met-ocean parameters may be used for marine science and engineering including offshore energy (such as oil, gas and wind power) research, development, operation and maintenance.
The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants
Authors:   Building Research Institute Wroclaw-Warsaw (The Instytut Techniczny Budownictwa Wrocław-Warszawa ), ul. Trawowa 25,lok. 8, 54-614 Wrocław, Poland, KSIĄŻEK Mariusz
Published: June 2021

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it is a biocompatible material. Previous studies on rats have shown that sulfur binder is a biocompatible material. A steel surgical nail covered with sulfur waste, placed in a sheep's femur, showed excellent stabilization by adhering bone tissue to the composite layer. From the results, it is convinced that the composite made of sulfur waste creates new possibilities in the field of production of biocomposites for surgical applications. The prepared biocomposite composition was sulfur waste-69.5%, mineral quartz dust-30%, and technical soot-0.5%. There is no information on similar studies in the world literature. So far, sulfur waste has been used in the electrical and construction industries. The literature shows that no researcher has used sulfur waste in biocomposites. So, the current study is a pioneering experimental study in this area.
Data Missing Not at Random in Mobile Health Research: Assessment of the Problem and a Case for Sensitivity Analyses (Preprint)
Authors: Goldberg Simon B , Bolt Daniel M , Davidson Richard J
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Missing data are common in mobile health (mHealth) research. There has been little systematic investigation of how missingness is handled statistically in mHealth randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although some missing data patterns (ie, missing at random [MAR]) may be adequately addressed using modern missing data methods such as multiple imputation and maximum likelihood techniques, these methods do not address bias when data are missing not at random (MNAR). It is typically not possible to determine whether the missing data are MAR. However, higher attrition in active (ie, intervention) versus passive (ie, waitlist or no treatment) conditions in mHealth RCTs raise a strong likelihood of MNAR, such as if active participants who benefit less from the intervention are more likely to drop out.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to systematically evaluate differential attrition and methods used for handling missingness in a sample of mHealth RCTs comparing active and passive control conditions. We also aim to illustrate a modern model-based sensitivity analysis and a simpler fixed-value replacement approach that can be used to evaluate the influence of MNAR.

METHODS

We reanalyzed attrition rates and predictors of differential attrition in a sample of 36 mHealth RCTs drawn from a recent meta-analysis of smartphone-based mental health interventions. We systematically evaluated the design features related to missingness and its handling. Data from a recent mHealth RCT were used to illustrate 2 sensitivity analysis approaches (pattern-mixture model and fixed-value replacement approach).

RESULTS

Attrition in active conditions was, on average, roughly twice that of passive controls. Differential attrition was higher in larger studies and was associated with the use of MAR-based multiple imputation or maximum likelihood methods. Half of the studies (18/36, 50%) used these modern missing data techniques. None of the 36 mHealth RCTs reviewed conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the possible consequences of data MNAR. A pattern-mixture model and fixed-value replacement sensitivity analysis approaches were introduced. Results from a recent mHealth RCT were shown to be robust to missing data, reflecting worse outcomes in missing versus nonmissing scores in some but not all scenarios. A review of such scenarios helps to qualify the observations of significant treatment effects.

CONCLUSIONS

MNAR data because of differential attrition are likely in mHealth RCTs using passive controls. Sensitivity analyses are recommended to allow researchers to assess the potential impact of MNAR on trial results.
Adapting a Mental Health Intervention for Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Web-Based Synchronous Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Calvo-Valderrama Maria Gabriela , Marroquín-Rivera Arturo , Burn Erin , Ospina-Pinillos Laura , Bird Victoria , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Although focus groups are a valuable qualitative research tool, face-to-face meetings may be difficult to arrange and time consuming. This challenge has been further compounded by the global COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown and physical distancing measures implemented, which caused exceptional challenges to human activities. Online focus groups (OFGs) are an example of an alternative strategy and require further study. At present, OFGs have mostly been studied and used in high-income countries, with little information relating to their implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to share our experiences of conducting OFGs through a web conferencing service and provide recommendations for future research.

METHODS

As part of a broader study, OFGs were developed with adults and adolescents in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a convenience sampling method, we invited eligible participants via email in two different cities of Colombia to participate in OFGs conducted via Microsoft Teams. Researcher notes and discussion were used to capture participant and facilitator experiences, as well as practical considerations.

RESULTS

Technical issues were encountered, but various measures were taken to minimize them, such as using a web conferencing service that was familiar to participants, sending written instructions, and performing a trial meeting prior to the OFG. Adolescent participants, unlike their adult counterparts, were fluent in using web conferencing platforms and did not encounter technical challenges.

CONCLUSIONS

OFGs have great potential in research settings, especially during the current and any future public health emergencies. It is important to keep in mind that even with the advantages that they offer, technical issues (ie, internet speed and access to technology) are major obstacles in LMICs. Further research is required and should carefully consider the appropriateness of OFGs in different settings.

CLINICALTRIAL
How telerehabilitation has been carried out across countries at different economic levels during COVID-19 pandemic? A scoping review. (Preprint)
Authors: de Souza Sr Clécio Gabriel , Cacho Sr Roberta De Oliveira , Pereira Sr Nayara Karina , Pacheco Sr Thaiana Barbosa Ferreira , Saragiotto Sr Bruno Tirotti , Cacho Sr Enio Walker Azevedo
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Background: One of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for health services worldwide is the need to provide healthcare remotely to provide assistance with social distance. Strategies involving telerehabilitation have been applied, however, the provision of this service may vary between countries with different socioeconomic levels, being considered a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

This scope review aimed to summarize the telerehabilitation experiences for physical therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with different economic levels.

METHODS

METHOD: A scope review was carried out, using the guidance for scope reviews in the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The review protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework. We included studies published after the World Health Organization announced the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic (March 11, 2020) in which included patients of any age undergoing telerehabilitation for physical therapy assistance. The search strategy was carried out in three stages in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, PEDro and Web of Science.

RESULTS

RESULTSː The search found 230 studies. After full text screening, 13 were included and had their data extracted for analysis. All studies were published in English language, from April to September 2020. Most of the articles were originally from high-income countries. Only one study was developed in a high middle income country and another one of low middle income country. The types of studies and approaches to telerehabilitation varied among studies and the target population included the older people, individuals with functional limitations, children and hospitalized patients.

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the discussion on this topic, there are marked differences in the number of studies on telerehabilitation in countries with different economic levels. Higher income countries, which already practiced telerehabilitation, had their services expanded, while not higher income countries are still incipient in this approach. Factors such as internet access, infrastructure, professional adherence and digital literacy remain barriers to the equal use of this tool.
eHealth Interventions for Treatment and Prevention of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia During Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Silang Katherine A , Sohal Pooja R , Bright Katherine S , Leason Jennifer , Roos Leslie , Lebel Catherine , Giesbrecht Gerald F , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne M
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. eHealth interventions provide a promising and accessible treatment alternative to face-to-face interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in preventing and treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia during pregnancy. Secondary aims are to identify demographic and intervention moderators of effectiveness.

METHODS

A total of 5 databases (PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched from inception to May 2021. Terms related to eHealth, pregnancy, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), depression, anxiety, and insomnia were included. RCTs and pilot RCTs were included if they reported an eHealth intervention for the prevention or treatment of depression, anxiety, or insomnia in pregnant women. Study screening, data extractions, and quality assessment were conducted independently by 2 reviewers from an 8-member research team (KAS, PRS, Hangsel Sanguino, Roshni Sohail, Jasleen Kaur, Songyang (Mark) Jin, Makayla Freeman, and Beatrice Valmana). Random-effects meta-analyses of pooled effect sizes were conducted to determine the effect of eHealth interventions on prenatal mental health. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential moderators.

RESULTS

In total, 17 studies were included in this review that assessed changes in depression (11/17, 65%), anxiety (10/17, 59%), and insomnia (3/17, 18%). Several studies included both depression and anxiety symptoms as outcomes (7/17, 41%). The results indicated that during pregnancy, eHealth interventions showed small effect sizes for preventing and treating symptoms of anxiety and depression and a moderate effect size for treating symptoms of insomnia. With the exception of intervention type for the outcome of depressive symptoms, where mindfulness interventions outperformed other intervention types, no significant moderators were detected.

CONCLUSIONS

eHealth interventions are an accessible and promising resource for treating symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia during pregnancy. However, more research is necessary to identify ways to increase the efficacy of eHealth interventions for this population.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42020205954; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=205954
Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Improving Cognition in Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for an Interim Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Moussavi Zahra , Koski Lisa , Fitzgerald Paul B , Millikin Colleen , Lithgow Brian , Jafari-Jozani Mohammad , Wang Xikui
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Many clinical trials investigating treatment efficacy require an interim analysis. Recently we have been running a large, multisite, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial investigating the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for improving or stabilizing the cognition of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this paper are to report on recruitment, adherence, and adverse events (AEs) to date, and to describe in detail the protocol for interim analysis of the clinical trial data. The protocol will investigate whether the trial is likely to reach its objectives if continued to the planned maximum sample size.

METHODS

The specific requirements of the analytic protocol are to (1) ensure the double-blind nature of the data while doing the analysis, (2) estimate the predictive probabilities of success (PPoSs), (3) estimate the numbers needed to treat, (4) re-estimate the initial required sample size. The initial estimate of sample size was 208. The interim analysis will be based on 150 patients who will be enrolled in the study and finish at least 8 weeks of the study. Our protocol for interim analysis, at the very first stage, is to determine the response rate for each participant to the treatment (either sham or active), while ensuring the double-blind nature of the data. The blinded data will be analyzed by a statistician to investigate the treatment efficacy. We will use Bayesian PPoS to predict the success rate and determine whether the study should continue.

RESULTS

The enrollment has been slowed significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Nevertheless, so far 133 participants have been enrolled, while 22 of these have been withdrawn or dropped out for various reasons. In general, rTMS has been found tolerable with no serious AE. Only 2 patients dropped out of the study due to their intolerability to rTMS pulses.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the study with the same protocol is going as expected with no serious AE or any major protocol deviation.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02908815; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02908815

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/31183
Protecting Vulnerable Groups in Big Data Research (Preprint)
Authors: Shaw David , Schneble Christophe , Van Delden Marie-Laure , Elger Bernice
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Social media presents great opportunities for internet-mediated research (IMR) using big data. Millions of participants all over the world, each with colossal amount of data associated with their online accounts, can be accessed very easily, without any direct contact - or even indirect contact - between researcher and participants. But with these opportunities come substantial responsibilities. The immense distance between researchers and participants - and often between participants and any knowledge that the research is even being conducted - raises significant ethical issues that must be carefully considered before embarking on such research. This is particularly true for vulnerable groups involved in IMR, as the distance between researcher and participant is so great that the researcher might have no idea that some participants are children, or depressed, or in another vulnerable group.
Проблема використання композитних імплантів, що біодеградують, у лікуванні переломів кісток (огляд літератури)
Authors: Pavlov O.D. , Pastukh V.V. , Karpinsky M.Yu.
Published: June 2021

Захворювання та травми опорно-рухової системи посідають друге місце серед причин травматизму і третє місце серед хвороб, що призводять до інвалідності дорослого населення. Ортопедичні імпланти займають особливе місце як у клінічній практиці, так і в біомедичній промисловості. Найбільшу зацікавленість викликають імпланти, здатні біодеградувати у разі їх імплантації в організм людини. Концепція імплантів, що біодеградують, з’явилася завдяки становленню й розвитку застосування шовних матеріалів, що розсмоктуються в організмі. Згодом цей вид матеріалу стали використовувати в процесі лікування переломів, оскільки в багатьох випадках кісткові уламки потребують лише тимчасового підтримання фіксатором, доти, поки не настане їх зрощення. Імплантувальні пристрої для внутрішньої фіксації для відновлення переломів, виготовлені з використанням полігліколевої кислоти (PGA), полімолочної кислоти (PLA) та сополімеру молочної кислоти та гліколіду (PLGA), набули популярності. Однак механічні властивості високопористих каркасів були порівняно більш слабкі проти тих, які потрібні для інженерії кісткової тканини. У процесі створення оптимального полімерного матеріалу, що біодеградує, необхідно подолати суперечність між міцністю та біодеградацією. PGA, забезпечуючи високу міцність фіксації, занадто швидко деградують, а PLGA, маючи високу кристалічність, практично не деградують, водночас поступаючись за міцністю і PGA, і біостабільним матеріалам. На сьогодні вчені докладають багато зусиль для розроблення композитів із фосфату кальцію та полімеру, зокрема гідроксилапатиту і трикальційфосфату (ТКФ). ТКФ з трьома поліморфними модифікаціями, зокрема α-ТКФ, β-ТКФ і α’-ТКФ, є ще однією добре відомою біокерамічною речовиною для відновлення кісток. β-TКФ привертає все більшу увагузавдяки його чудовій біосумісності, біоактивності і здатності до біодеградації. Композиційні матеріали на основі біоактивної кераміки здебільшого належать до матеріалів із додатковими перевагами, як полімери та кераміка, що біодеградують. Загалом ці композити відзначаються біосумісністю, остеокондуктивністю, механічною міцністю й остеогенними характеристиками. Водночас завдяки новим технологіям виготовлення, що з’явилися останніми роками, ці композитні матеріали є найперспективнішими матеріалами в галузі відновлення кісткових дефектів. Лікування переломів за допомогою імплантів усе частіше пов’язане з композиційними матеріалами. Біоматеріали мусять мати певні механічні властивості: біосумісність, біодеградацію, контрольовану швидкість біодеградації, хорошу механічну міцність і біоактивність. Біоматеріали, що використовують у процесі лікування переломів кісток, мають розпадатися впродовж певного часу, а додавання нанонаповнювачів може уповільнити швидкість розпадання композиту, що біодеградує.
Дорожньо-транспортна травма на фоні алкогольної інтоксикації (клініко-епідеміологічний аналіз за ознакою участі в русі)
Authors: Guryev S.O. , Kushnir V.A. , Satsyk S.P. , Grebenyuk V.I.
Published: June 2021

Статтю присвячено проблемі дорожньо-транспортних пригод (ДТП), які сталися на фоні алкогольної інтоксикації. Із розвитком техніки і науки протягом останнього десятиріччя в усіх країнах світу зросла кількість постраждалих із тяжкими полісистемними пошкодженнями. Найбільш частими причинами пошкоджень є ДТП. Дорожньо-транспортна травма, згідно з висновками Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я, є однією з основних причин смертності населення працездатного віку. Десятиліття безпеки дорожнього руху (2011–2020рр.), що було проголошено Організацією Об’єднаних Націй, вказало на те, що саме медична безпека дорожнього руху є найбільш наболілою і складною для вирішення проблемою. Мета дослідження: вивчити вплив алкогольної інтоксикації на обставини отримання пошкоджень за ознакою участі в русі в постраждалих із полісистемними пошкодженнями внаслідок ДТП. Матеріали та методи. Проведений науковий ретроспективний аналіз 312 випадків полісистемних пошкоджень у постраждалих внаслідок ДТП, які перебували на лікуванні у відділенні політравми Київської міської клінічної лікарні швидкої медичної допомоги в період 2018–2019 рр. Результати. Пошкодження внаслідок ДТП виникають у 46 % осіб, які перебувають у стані алкогольного сп’яніння. Існує вірогідна залежність постраждалих внаслідок ДТП від ознак наявності алкогольної інтоксикації та участі в русі. У стані алкогольної інтоксикації водії отримають травму в 46,43 % випадків, пішоходи— у 52,53 %, пасажири— у 31,43%. Порівняльний аналіз ризику виникнення летального результату в постраждалих внаслідок ДТП з алкогольною інтоксикацією та без неї і за ознакою участі в русі довів, що ризик виникнення летального результату у водіїв із наявністю алкогольної інтоксикації більше ніж у 2 рази вищий, ніж у водіїв без неї, і становить 0,49. Висновки. Найбільші клінічні результативні ризики виникнення летального результату перебігу травматичного процесу в постраждалих внаслідок ДТП, незалежно від наявності або відсутності алкогольної інтоксикації, мають пішоходи. Такі ризики мають критичне або катастрофічне значення. Алкогольна інтоксикація підвищує ризик виникнення летального результату перебігу травматичного процесу в активних учасників дорожнього руху (водії та пішоходи) та не впливає на такий результат у пасивних учасників руху (пасажири).
Оцінка рівня нестабільності ушкоджень, класифікованих за AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System
Authors: Nekhlopochyn O.S. , Verbov V.V.
Published: June 2021

Актуальність. При визначенні спрямованості та обсягу хірургічного лікування у хворих із травматичним ушкодженням шийного відділу на субаксіальному рівні основними є такі критерії: характер і ступінь ушкодження остеолігаментозного апарату шийного відділу хребта, що визначає рівень нестабільності; ступінь компресії структур хребетного каналу; стан сагітального профілю. Метою цієї роботи є оцінка ступеня нестабільності різних типів ушкоджень шийного відділу хребта, класифікованих відповідно до AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System. Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз даних спондилограм, комп’ютерних і магнітно-резонансних томограм 168 пацієнтів із травматичним ушкодженням шийного відділу хребта на субаксіальному рівні, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні патології спинного мозку ДУ «Інститут нейрохірургії ім. акад. А.П. Ромоданова НАМН України» в період з 2008 по 2018 р. Виконувалася кількісна оцінка ступеня нестабільності із застосуванням Cervical Spine Injury Severity Score і визначення типу ушкодження згідно з AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System. Результати. Виявлено, що медіана показника нестабільності прогресивно наростає зі збільшенням ступеня тяжкості типу ушкодження. Найбільш широкий діапазон значень показника рівня нестабільності відзначається при компресійному типі ушкоджень: від 6 балів (95% довірчий інтервал (ДІ) 4,76–6,84) при типі А1 до 11 балів (95% ДІ 9,48–11,81) при А4. Для типів А2 і А3 зареєстровано 7 балів (95% ДІ 6,68–7,53) і 8 балів (95% ДІ 7,97–9,01) відповідно. Флексійно-екстензійні ушкодження характеризуються меншим діапазоном значень. Медіана прогресивно зростає від типу В1 — 13 балів (95% ДІ 12,4–13,92) до B3 — 15,5 бала (95% ДІ 14,5–16,35). Показник для В2 займає проміжне значення і становить 15 (95% ДІ 13,59–15,52). Максимальні значення при згинально-розгинальних ушкодженнях — 18 балів, зареєстровані як при типі В2, так і В3. Тип С демонструє найбільший рівень нестабільності — 17 балів (95% ДІ 16,58–17,86) та досить широкий діапазон розрахованих значень — від 13 до 20 балів. Висновки. Загальною тенденцією є збільшення рівня нестабільності в низці підтипів від А1 до С, проте навіть ушкодження типу А1 за певних умов виявляються досить нестабільними і вимагають хірургічного втручання. На противагу класичним уявленням ушкодження типу А досить часто супроводжуються ураженням фасеткових суглобів, що також необхідно враховувати при визначенні індивідуальної тактики терапії постраждалих.
Barriers and facilitators to the management of mental health complications after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Silverberg Noah D , Otamendi Thalia , Dulai Amanda , Rai Ripenjot , Chhina Jason , MacLellan Anna , Lizotte Pierre-Paul
Published: June 2021

Background: Clinical practice guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management call on family physicians to proactively screen and initiate treatment for mental health complications, but evidence suggests that this does not happen consistently. The authors aimed to identify physician-perceived barriers and facilitators to early management of mental health complications following mTBI. Methods & results: Semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) were conducted with 11 family physicians. Interview transcripts were analyzed using directed content analysis. Factors influencing management of mental health post-mTBI were identified along five TDF domains. Conclusion: Family physicians could benefit from accessible and easily implemented resources to manage post-mTBI mental health conditions, having a better defined role in this process, and formalization of referrals to mental health specialists.
Formaldehyde in rain water in Mexico City atmosphere
Authors: Baez A. P. , Belmont R. , Rosas I.
Published: June 2021

Se llevó a cabo la cuantificación del formaldehído en agua de lluvia colectada en las instalaciones de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México durante las épocas de lluvia de 1981 y 1982, obteniéndose un total de 71 muestras. Los resultados señalan que la concentración promedio registrada de 0.479 ± 0.19 mg/1 es mucho más alta que las citadas por diferentes autores para atmósferas marítimas o costeras. El programa estadístico "tabulación cruzada" aplicado a los resultados indicó una correlación lineal entre las concentraciones de CH2O, las horas de insolación y la hora en la cual se inicia la lluvia. Las altas ncentraciones de CH20 en agua de lluvia señalan que existen otras fuentes generadoras de formaldehído además del proceso de oxidación del metano que normalmente se lleva a cabo siendo las emisiones producidas por los vehículos de combustión y el enorme consumo de combustóleo los candidatos obvios para las fuentes adicionales de CH20 en la atmósfera de la Ciudad de México.
Levantamiento magnetotélurico en el area de Culiacán, Sinaloa
Authors: Martínez M. , Fabriol H. , Romo J. M. , González A. , Vega R.
Published: June 2021

Se reporta un levantamiento magnetotelúrico usando referencia remota, realizado en el área de La. Presita, en las cercanías de Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se efectuaron quince sondeos arreglados en dos líneas transversales y una paralela al rumbo geológico regional de la zona.Debido a la excesiva actividad industrial y agrícola y a las altas conductividades eléctricas encontradas en la planicie costera, las señales en general fueron de baja amplitud y contaminadas por ruido. Gracias al uso de la referencia remota y al procesamiento especial que se les dio a los datos, escogiendo para cada ventana en frecuencia segmentos de altas coherencias, ha sido posible obtener información con buena estadística. Para llevar a cabo la interpretación de los datos se procedió primero a identificar para cada sondeo los modos de polarización de cada una de las curvas de resistividad aparente y fase, usando diagramas polares de impedancia y operador de inclinación, así como flechas de inducción. Finalmente la interpretación se llevó a cabo usando modelado en una y dos dimensiones e integrando el conocimiento geológico-geofísico del área. Un estudio de sensibilidad de la respuesta bidimensional con respecto a variaciones del modelo permite contestar negativamente a la posibilidad de potencial geotérmico en la zona.
Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS VLSI Circuits using Advance Leakage Reduction Method
Authors: Tiwari Ayush
Published: June 2021

Recently, consumption of power is key problem of logic circuits based on Very Large Scale Integration. More potentiality consumption isn’t considered an appropriate for storage cell life for the use in cell operations and changes parameters such as optimality, efficiency etc, more consumption of power also provides for minimization of cell storage cycle. In present scenario static consumption of power is major troubles in logic circuits based on CMOS. Layout of drainage less circuit is typically complex. Several derived methods for minimization of consumption of potentiality for logic circuits based on CMOS. For this research paper, a technique called Advance Leakage reduction (AL reduction) is proposed to reduce the leakage power in CMOS logic circuits. To draw our structure circuit related to CMOS like Inverter, inverted AND, and NOR etc. we have seen the power and delay for circuits. This paper incorporates, analyzing of several minimization techniques as compared with proposed work to illustrate minimization in ratio of energy and time usage and time duration for propagation. LECTOR, Source biasing, Stack ONOFIC method is observed and analyzed with the proposed method to evaluate the leakage power consumption and propagation delay for logic circuits based on CMOS. Entire work has done in LT Spice Software with 180nm library of CMOS.
Answer Script Evaluation using Machine Learning
Authors: Suresh Dr. K.
Published: June 2021

The current way of checking answer scripts is hectic for the college. They need to manually check the answers and allocate the marks to the students. Our proposed system uses Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing techniques to beat this. Machine learning algorithms use computational methods to find out directly from data without hopping on predetermined rules. NLP algorithms identify specific entities within the text, explore for key elements during a document, run a contextual search for synonyms and detect misspelled words or similar entries, and more. Our algorithm performs similarity checking and also the number of words associated with the question exactly matched between two documents. It also checks whether the grammar is correctly used or not within the student's answer. Our proposed system performs text extraction and evaluation of marks by applying Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing techniques.