bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclopamine tartrate, a modulator of hedgehog signaling and mitochondrial respiration, effectively arrests lung tumor growth and progression
Authors: Kalainayakan Sarada Preeta , Ghosh Poorva , Dey Sanchareeka , Fitzgerald Keely E. , Sohoni Sagar , Konduri Purna Chaitanya , Garrossian Massoud , Liu Li , Zhang Li
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, despite the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel molecular features unique to lung tumors. Here, we show that cyclopamine tartrate (CycT) strongly suppresses the growth of subcutaneously implanted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts and nearly eradicated orthotopically implanted NSCLC xenografts. CycT reduces heme synthesis and degradation in NSCLC cells and suppresses oxygen consumption in purified mitochondria. In orthotopic tumors, CycT decreases the levels of proteins and enzymes crucial for heme synthesis, uptake, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CycT also decreases the levels of two regulators promoting OXPHOS, MYC and MCL1, and effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia. Evidently, CycT acts via multiple modes to suppress OXPHOS. One mode is to directly inhibit mitochondrial respiration/OXPHOS. Another mode is to inhibit heme synthesis and degradation. Both modes appear to be independent of hedgehog signaling. Addition of heme to NSCLC cells partially reverses the effect of CycT on oxygen consumption, proliferation, and tumorigenic functions. Together, our results strongly suggest that CycT suppress tumor growth in the lung by inhibiting heme metabolism and OXPHOS. Targeting heme metabolism and OXPHOS may be an effective strategy to combat lung cancer.
Plastic flow anisotropy drives shear fracture
Authors: Benzerga A. Amine , Thomas Nithin , Herrington Joshua S.
Published: February 2019

Fracture of initially crack-free bodies often occurs due to plastic instabilities known as shear bands. Previous computer simulations advanced a myriad of mechanisms to rationalize shear banding. However, they were restricted to planar geometries. We investigate the relevance of anisotropic plasticity by picking an axisymmetric tensile test rig, in which shear localization is rarely observed. The three-dimensional finite-element simulations of shear banding in this type of specimens are the first of their kind. The micromechanical modeling covers a range of competing mechanisms believed to be responsible for such failure. We show that anisotropic plasticity can effectively trigger shear bands thereby causing failure of ductile solids. Our results enable shear fracture to be rationalized in ductile rocks and mitigated against in designing advanced materials.
Computational screening of medicinal plant phytochemicals to discover potent pan-serotype inhibitors against dengue virus
Authors: Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad , Maryam Arooma , Muneer Iqra , Xing Feng , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Khan Faheem Ahmed , Anwar Farooq , Geesi Mohammed H. , Khalid Rana Rehan , Rauf Sadaf Abdul , Siddiqi Abdul Rauf
Published: February 2019

Emergence of Dengue as one of the deadliest viral diseases prompts the need for development of effective therapeutic agents. Dengue virus (DV) exists in four different serotypes and infection caused by one serotype predisposes its host to another DV serotype heterotypic re-infection. We undertook virtual ligand screening (VLS) to filter compounds against DV that may inhibit inclusively all of its serotypes. Conserved non-structural DV protein targets such as NS1, NS3/NS2B and NS5, which play crucial role in viral replication, infection cycle and host interaction, were selected for screening of vital antiviral drug leads. A dataset of plant based natural antiviral derivatives was developed. Molecular docking was performed to estimate the spatial affinity of target compounds for the active sites of DV’s NS1, NS3/NS2B and NS5 proteins. The drug likeliness of the screened compounds was followed by ADMET analysis whereas the binding behaviors were further elucidated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments. VLS screened three potential compounds including Canthin-6-one 9-O-beta-glucopyranoside, Kushenol W and Kushenol K which exhibited optimal binding with all the three conserved DV proteins. This study brings forth novel scaffolds against DV serotypes to serve as lead molecules for further optimization and drug development against all DV serotypes with equal effect against multiple disease causing DV proteins. We therefore anticipate that the insights given in the current study could be regarded valuable towards exploration and development of a broad-spectrum natural anti-dengue therapy.
Prediction of Optimal Drug Schedules for Controlling Autophagy
Authors: Shirin Afroza , Klickstein Isaac S. , Feng Song , Lin Yen Ting , Hlavacek William S. , Sorrentino Francesco
Published: February 2019

The effects of molecularly targeted drug perturbations on cellular activities and fates are difficult to predict using intuition alone because of the complex behaviors of cellular regulatory networks. An approach to overcoming this problem is to develop mathematical models for predicting drug effects. Such an approach beckons for co-development of computational methods for extracting insights useful for guiding therapy selection and optimizing drug scheduling. Here, we present and evaluate a generalizable strategy for identifying drug dosing schedules that minimize the amount of drug needed to achieve sustained suppression or elevation of an important cellular activity/process, the recycling of cytoplasmic contents through (macro)autophagy. Therapeutic targeting of autophagy is currently being evaluated in diverse clinical trials but without the benefit of a control engineering perspective. Using a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) model that accounts for activating and inhibiting influences among protein and lipid kinases that regulate autophagy (MTORC1, ULK1, AMPK and VPS34) and methods guaranteed to find locally optimal control strategies, we find optimal drug dosing schedules (open-loop controllers) for each of six classes of drugs and drug pairs. Our approach is generalizable to designing monotherapy and multi therapy drug schedules that affect different cell signaling networks of interest.
The effect of 16S rRNA region choice on bacterial community metabarcoding results
Authors: Bukin Yu. S. , Galachyants Yu. P. , Morozov I. V. , Bukin S. V. , Zakharenko A. S. , Zemskaya T. I.
Published: February 2019

In this work, we compare the resolution of V2-V3 and V3-V4 16S rRNA regions for the purposes of estimating microbial community diversity using paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads, and show that the fragment, including V2 and V3 regions, has higher resolution for lower-rank taxa (genera and species). It allows for a more precise distance-based clustering of reads into species-level OTUs. Statistically convergent estimates of the diversity of major species (defined as those that together are covered by 95% of reads) can be achieved at the sample sizes of 10000 to 15000 reads. The relative error of the Shannon index estimate for this condition is lower than 4%.
The sequence and de novo assembly of Oxygymnocypris stewartii genome
Authors: Liu Hai-Ping , Xiao Shi-Jun , Wu Nan , Wang Di , Liu Yan-Chao , Zhou Chao-Wei , Liu Qi-Yong , Yang Rui-Bin , Jiang Wen-Kai , Liang Qi-Qi , Wangjiu  , Zhang Chi , Gong Jun-Hua , Yuan Xiao-Hui , Mou Zhen-Bo
Published: February 2019

Animal genomes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provide valuable resources for scientists to understand the molecular mechanism of environmental adaptation. Tibetan fish species play essential roles in the local ecology; however, the genomic information for native fishes was still insufficient. Oxygymnocypris stewartii, belonging to Oxygymnocypris genus, Schizothoracinae subfamily, is a native fish in the Tibetan plateau living within the elevation from roughly 3,000 m to 4,200 m. In this report, PacBio and Illumina sequencing platform were used to generate ~385.3 Gb genomic sequencing data. A genome of about 1,849.2 Mb was obtained with a contig N50 length of 257.1 kb. More than 44.5% of the genome were identified as repetitive elements, and 46,400 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genome. The assembled genome can be used as a reference for future population genetic studies of O. stewartii and will improve our understanding of high altitude adaptation of fishes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Cold column trapping-headspace micro-solid phase extraction for efficient preconcentration and GC-MS determination of pesticides in soil
Authors: Rasolzadeh Fahimeh , Hashemi Payman , Nazari Serenjeh Fariba , Maleki Sara
Published: February 2019

A new cold column trapping-headspace microsolid-phase extraction (CCT-HS-μSPE) system was developed and used for the preconcentration and GC-MS determination of three pesticides (diazinon, malathion and permethrin) in soil samples.
Picoline based-homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction of cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) at trace levels from a high volume of an aqueous sample
Authors: Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Nasiri Hanieh
Published: February 2019

A new homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction method using 3-picoline has been developed for preconcentration and extraction of cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) ions from a high volume of an aqueous sample.
Control of stem cell response and bone growth on biomaterials by fully non-peptidic integrin selective ligands
Authors: Fraioli R. , Neubauer S. , Rechenmacher F. , Bosch B. M. , Dashnyam K. , Kim J.-H. , Perez R. A. , Kim H.-W. , Gil F. J. , Ginebra M. P. , Manero J. M. , Kessler H. , Mas-Moruno C.
Published: February 2019

Integrin selective peptidomimetics tune stem cell behaviorin vitroand improve bone formation in rat calvarial defects.
Oligomerization of ethanol-derived propene and isobutene mixtures to transportation fuels: catalyst and process considerations
Authors: Saavedra Lopez Johnny , Dagle Robert A. , Dagle Vanessa Lebarbier , Smith Colin , Albrecht Karl O.
Published: February 2019

An important activity/selectivity trade-off occurs at increased olefin oligomerization temperatures. Jet-range product decreases and paraffin formation increases at high oligomerization temperatures.
Unveiling the mechanism and regioselectivity of iron-dipyrrinato-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)–H amination of alkyl azides
Authors: Zheng Jia , Liu Zheyuan , Jin Xiaojiao , Dang Yanfeng
Published: February 2019

The mechanism of iron-catalyzed C(sp3)–H amination was established, in which regioselectivity arose from both radical stability and ring strain.
Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle greenhouse gas mitigation cost of five routes to bio-jet fuel blendstocks
Authors: Baral Nawa Raj , Kavvada Olga , Mendez-Perez Daniel , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Lee Taek Soon , Simmons Blake A. , Scown Corinne D.
Published: February 2019

Decarbonizing the air transportation sector remains one of the most challenging hurdles to mitigating climate change.
Guide for using green infrastructure in urban environments for stormwater management
Authors: McFarland Andrea R. , Larsen Larissa , Yeshitela Kumelachew , Engida Agizew Nigussie , Love Nancy G.
Published: February 2019

Green infrastructure systems can be selected methodically considering watershed parameters, then the existing urban water network, and surrounding land uses.
Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) juice fermented with autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum S-811
Authors: Verón Hernán E. , Gauffin Cano Paola , Fabersani Emanuel , Sanz Yolanda , Isla María Inés , Fernández Espinar M. Teresa , Gil Ponce José V. , Torres Sebastian
Published: February 2019

The present study aimed at investigating the lactic fermentation of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit juice with the autochthonous and potentially probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum S-811.
α-Ionone attenuates high-fat diet-induced skeletal muscle wasting in miceviaactivation of cAMP signaling
Authors: Tong Tao , Kim Minji , Park Taesun
Published: February 2019

α-Ionone, a naturally occurring flavoring agent, attenuates muscle atrophy in HFD-fed miceviaactivation of cAMP signaling.
Gas sensors using ordered macroporous oxide nanostructures
Authors: Dai Zhengfei , Liang Tingting , Lee Jong-Heun
Published: February 2019

Summary and perspective on gas-sensing applications of ordered macroporous oxide nanostructures have been outlined in this review.
Nanoscale dipole dynamics of protein membranes studied by broadband dielectric microscopy
Authors: Gramse Georg , Schönhals Andreas , Kienberger Ferry
Published: February 2019

We investigate the nanoscale dipole mobility of proteins in a wide frequency range from 3 kHz to 10 GHz by broadband dielectric microscopy and reveal characteristic Debye relaxations.
Sustainable near UV-curable acrylates based on natural phenolics for stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Ding Rui , Du Yuyang , Goncalves Rebecca B. , Francis Lorraine F. , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: February 2019

Photocured polymers have recently gained tremendous interest for a wide range of applications especially industrial prototyping/additive manufacturing. This work aims to develop natural phenolic-based (meth)acrylates to expand the use of sustainable and mechanically robust 3D printable formulations.
The fate of copper catalysts in atom transfer radical chemistry
Authors: Zerk Timothy J. , Gahan Lawrence R. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Bernhardt Paul V.
Published: February 2019

The pathway of atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) is influenced by the nature of the alkyl bromide initiator (RBr) to the extent that reactions between the radical R˙ and the original copper(i) catalyst can divert the reaction toward different products.
Effects of synthesis methodology on microporous organic hyper-cross-linked polymers with respect to structural porosity, gas uptake performance and fluorescence properties
Authors: Hou Shuangshuang , Razzaque Shumaila , Tan Bien
Published: February 2019

The structural characteristics of hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) make them interesting for a wide variety of applications.
Nickel-promoted C(2)–H amidation of quinoline N-oxides with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Han Shuaijun , Gao Xianying , Wu Qingsong , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: February 2019

The first example of nickel-promoted C–H amidation of quinoline N-oxides with NFSI.
Electrical conductivity of silver nanoparticle doped carbon nanofibres measured by CS-AFM
Authors: Ali Wael , Shabani Valbone , Linke Matthias , Sayin Sezin , Gebert Beate , Altinpinar Sedakat , Hildebrandt Marcus , Gutmann Jochen S. , Mayer-Gall Thomas
Published: February 2019

In this work, a pioneering study on the electrical properties of composite carbon nanofibres (CNFs) using current-sensitive atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) has been demonstrated.
In vitro evaluation of anti-hepatoma activity of brevilin A: involvement of Stat3/Snail and Wnt/β-catenin pathways
Authors: Qin Yaguang , Lu Hong
Published: February 2019

Brevilin A, a natural sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Centipeda minima, has been found to exhibit anti-tumor effect.
Facile synthesis of a Bi2MoO6/TiO2 nanotube arrays composite by the solvothermal method and its application for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Wen Jiang , Sun Shupei , Zhang Bo , Shi Nianfeng , Liao Xiaoming , Yin Guangfu , Huang Zhongbing , Chen Xianchun , Pu Ximing
Published: February 2019

In this study, bismuth molybdate/titania nanotube arrays (Bi2MoO6/TNTs) as a binder-free electrode for supercapacitors were fabricated via a facile solvothermal method.
Relevance of silica surface morphology in Ampyra adsorption. Insights from quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Grau E. Noseda , Román G. , Compañy A. Díaz , Brizuela G. , Juan A. , Simonetti S.
Published: February 2019

DFT calculations are performed to understand the mechanisms that control the adsorption of Ampyra drug on the different crystallographic planes of β-cristobalite: the hydroxylated (111) and (100) surfaces.
Preparation and processing of porous sulfur foams having low thermal conductivity
Authors: Wadi Vijay S. , Jena Kishore K. , Khawaja Shahrukh Z. , Ranagraj Vengatesan Muthukumarswamy , Alhassan Saeed M.
Published: February 2019

Porous sulfur foams were prepared by combining inverse vulcanization and template removal techniques. The porosity of the foam was altered by varying the template particle size; which lead to drop in thermal conductivity.
Biogas production and metal passivation analysis during anaerobic digestion of pig manure: effects of a magnetic Fe3O4/FA composite supplement
Authors: Liu Chunruan , Tong Qiao , Li Yucheng , Wang Ning , Liu Bingxiang , Zhang Xuesheng
Published: February 2019

Magnetic fly ash composites (Fe3O4/FA) were synthesized and mixed with pig manure in different ratios to study their effects on biogas production and metal passivation during anaerobic digestion.
Enhanced charge separation and transport efficiency induced by vertical slices on the surface of carbon nitride for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Qian , Li Zehao , Chen ChengCheng , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Xiaoming
Published: February 2019

A hierarchical g-C3N4 structure with vertical slices and enhanced efficiency of charge separation is achieved via an NH4NO3-aided hydrothermal post-treatment.
High-throughput screening of high lactic acid-producing Bacillus coagulans by droplet microfluidic based flow cytometry with fluorescence activated cell sorting
Authors: Zhu Xu-Dong , Shi Xiang , Wang Shu-Wen , Chu Ju , Zhu Wei-Hong , Ye Bang-Ce , Zuo Peng , Wang Yong-Hong
Published: February 2019

A high-throughput screening system based on droplet microfluidic sorting was developed and employed for screening of high lactic acid-producing Bacillus coagulans.
A convenient workflow to spot photosensitizers revealed photo-activity in basidiomycetes
Authors: Siewert Bianka , Vrabl Pamela , Hammerle Fabian , Bingger Isabella , Stuppner Hermann
Published: February 2019

An expedient approach to spot natural photosensitizers was established and with it were – for the first time – photosensitizers in mushrooms identified.
Ag(i)-mediated self-assembly of anisotropic rods and plates in the surfactant mixture of CTAB and Pluronics
Authors: Song Hyon-Min , Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: February 2019

Macroscale anisotropic rods and plates were generated by the self-assembly of CTAB and Pluronics in the presence of AgNO3.
A new route for the efficient metalation of unfunctionalized aromatics
Authors: Peel Andrew J. , Tezuka Noriyuki , D'Rozario James M. , Uchiyama Masanobu , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: February 2019

Efficient metalation of benzene is reported for the first time using reagents based only upon a mixture of a copper amide and a lithium amide.
Hydroxide transport and chemical degradation in anion exchange membranes: a combined reactive and non-reactive molecular simulation study
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Dong Dengpan , Bedrov Dmitry , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: February 2019

Investigating the structural and dynamical properties, charge transport and membrane degradation in anion exchange membranes (AEMs) using atomistic-scale simulations provides a guideline for the design of new high-performance membrane fuel cells.
Bio-inspired self-breathable structure driven by the volumetric effect: an unusual driving force of metal sulfide for high alkaline ion storage capability
Authors: Sun Qujiang , Wu HongLiang , Ming Hai , Sun Lianshan , Zhou Lin , Wang Chunli , Wang Xuxu , Wang Limin , Ming Jun
Published: February 2019

An aurilave-like N–C@metal sulfide with self-breathable features and superior lithium storage capabilities is introduced using spores as the bio-template.
SnO2–Ti3C2 MXene electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Lin , Dall'Agnese Yohan , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Shuck Christopher E. , Maleski Kathleen , Alhabeb Mohamed , Chen Gang , Gao Yu , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Jena Ajay Kumar , Shen Liang , Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Wang Xiao-Feng , Gogotsi Yury , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: February 2019

Addition of the Ti3C2 into SnO2 enhanced the power conversion efficiency due to the good conductivity of Ti3C2 nanosheets.
Fe/P dual doping boosts the activity and durability of CoS2 polycrystalline nanowires for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Yang-Yang , Zhang Xing , Wu Ze-Yuan , Zhang Bin-Bin , Zhang Yun , Jiang Wen-Jie , Yang Yu-Guo , Kong Qing-Hua , Hu Jin-Song
Published: February 2019

Fe/P dual doping synergistically improves the activity and durability of CoS2 polycrystalline nanowire arrays towards efficient hydrogen production.
Superamphiphobic coatings with polymer-wrapped particles: enhancing water harvesting
Authors: Wang Xikui , Zeng Jia , Yu Xinquan , Zhang Youfa
Published: February 2019

Hybrid superamphiphobic coatings with polymer-wrapped SiC particles, which enhanced their water harvesting ability.
Improved antibacterial properties of collagen I/hyaluronic acid/quaternized chitosan multilayer modified titanium coatings with both contact-killing and release-killing functions
Authors: Ao Haiyong , Yang Shengbing , Nie Bin’en , Fan Qiming , Zhang Quanchao , Zong Jiajia , Guo Shengrong , Zheng Xuebin , Tang Tingting
Published: February 2019

The HACC-based multilayer could inhibit the colonization of bacteria via contact-killing and release-killing.
Quenching of photoluminescence in a Zn-MOF sensor by nitroaromatic molecules
Authors: Jensen S. , Tan K. , Lustig W. , Kilin D. , Li J. , Chabal Y. J. , Thonhauser T.
Published: February 2019

The electron transfer process from the MOF to the guest molecule (DNT), which quenches the photoluminescence of RPM3-Zn.
Protected-annealing regulated defects to improve optical properties and luminescence performance of Ce:YAG transparent ceramics for white LEDs
Authors: Sun Bingheng , Zhang Le , Zhou Tianyuan , Shao Cen , Zhang Lei , Ma Yuelong , Yao Qing , Jiang Zhigang , Selim Farida A. , Chen Hao
Published: February 2019

The redox state of cerium and elimination of defects were synergistically regulated by a protected-annealing treatment in Ce:YAG transparent ceramics.
Development of a whole-cell biosensor for the determination of tyrosine in urine for point-of-care diagnostics
Authors: Lin Chieh , Zhang Qian-Xian , Yeh Yi-Chun
Published: February 2019

Two tyrosine-responsive promoters are used to differentially control the production of RFP and GFP signals in response to tyrosine levels in a culture.
Thiosemicarbazones with tyrosinase inhibitory activity
Authors: Hałdys Katarzyna , Latajka Rafał
Published: February 2019

Thiosemicarbazones reveal strong anti-tyrosinase activity.
Synthesis of defined high molar mass poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)
Authors: Sedlacek Ondrej , Monnery Bryn D. , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: February 2019

In this communication, we report for the first time the synthesis of defined high molar mass poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx), a water-soluble polymer with excellent anti-fouling properties.
Highly soluble C2v-symmetrical fullerene derivatives: efficient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical study
Authors: Ma Yue , Uchiyama Kouya , Ueno Hiroshi , Okada Hiroshi , Moriyama Hiroshi , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: February 2019

Through an efficient octa-substitution reaction, octabromofullerene (C60Br8) was reacted with alcohols or anisole in the presence of silver triflate to produce octaalkoxy and octaaryl fullerenes, respectively, in up to 79% yield with retention of C2v-symmetry.
Tuning the electrocatalytic properties of a Cu electrode with organic additives containing amine group for CO2 reduction
Authors: Qiu Yanling , Zhong Hexiang , Xu Wenbin , Zhang Taotao , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin
Published: February 2019

MC could tune the electronic structure of Cu and improve the selectivity for CH4 by altering the adsorption strength of the key intermediates.
A striking catalytic effect of facile synthesized ZrMn2 nanoparticles on the de/rehydrogenation properties of MgH2
Authors: Zhang Liuting , Cai Zeliang , Yao Zhendong , Ji Liang , Sun Ze , Yan Nianhua , Zhang Beiyu , Xiao Beibei , Du Jun , Zhu Xinqiao , Chen Lixin
Published: February 2019

Zr-based Laves phase alloys, especially ZrMn2, have been widely studied because of their good hydrogen storage properties.
Visible-light-driven activation of persulfate over cyano and hydroxyl group co-modified mesoporous g-C3N4 for boosting bisphenol A degradation
Authors: Zhang Sai , Song Shuang , Gu Pengcheng , Ma Ran , Wei Dongli , Zhao Guixia , Wen Tao , Jehan Riffat , Hu Baowei , Wang Xiangke
Published: February 2019

In this work, structure-deficient mesoporous g-C3N4 (DMCN) was fabricated via a facile hard template approach with water-bath aging pretreatment.
FRET investigation toward DNA tetrahedron-based ratiometric analysis of intracellular telomerase activity
Authors: Meng Fanyu , Chai Hua , Ma Xiaoyi , Tang Yuguo , Miao Peng
Published: February 2019

Ratiometric sensing of telomerase activity is realized at a single-cell level based on a novel DNA nanoprobe reconciling an extension primer, a DNA tetrahedron and a flare probe.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG reverses mortality of neonatal mice againstSalmonellachallenge
Authors: Naik Aman Kumar , Pandey Uday , Mukherjee Raktim , Mukhopadhyay Sohini , Chakraborty Subhayan , Ghosh Arindam , Aich Palok
Published: February 2019

Pathogenic infection is one of the major causes of death in newborns.
Single‐channel speech enhancement based on multi‐band spectrogram‐rearranged RPCA
Authors: Luo Yongjiang , Mao Yu
Published: February 2019

Robust principal component analysis (RPCA), a novel method for speech enhancement (SE), is expected to decompose the spectrogram of a noisy speech into a low‐rank matrix and a sparse matrix, which contain noise components and speech components, respectively. However, some speech components, which are not so variable in different time frames, are possible to be decomposed into a low‐rank matrix as noise mistakenly. To address this problem, a novel SE method based on spectrogram‐rearranged RPCA (SRPCA) is proposed for a sparse matrix with better decomposition for all speech components in white noise environments. For further improvement under coloured noises corruption, the multi‐band method is introduced for SRPCA to be applied in all bands individually. Accordingly, a time‐domain enhanced speech is reconstructed from the processed sparse matrix. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthetic biology – pathways to commercialisation
Authors: Clarke Lionel J.
Published: February 2019

Synthetic biology is transforming the ability to manufacture increasingly needed bio‐based products in response to rising market demand. By applying engineering principles to the convolution of recent advances in genomic engineering techniques, information technology and automation, synthetic biology is facilitating the replacement of time‐consuming ‘discover and grow’ approaches by more precise and affordable ‘biodesign and biomanufacture’ processes. Meantime, societal awareness of specific health, well‐being, and environmental issues is increasing ‘market pull’ that will shape future pathways to commercialisation. Market interests will not only shape targets for product function and cost but also increasingly question their provenance. Sustainability concerns are already driving demand to replace petrochemical‐derived by bio‐derived products, but many established industries wishing to transition may lack familiarity with bio‐manufacturing processes and with the wider issues associated with large‐scale bio‐feedstock supply chains. Meantime, commercialisation of synthetic biology today is being advanced mostly via start‐ups and SMEs. Combining the knowledge and skills required to respond to market interests, as the scale of operations and complexity of issues expands, is likely to stimulate an increasing diversity of collaborative approaches.
Thermofluidic chip containing virtual thermal wells
Authors: Ferguson Andrew J. , Hayes Matthew J. , Kirkpatrick Blair C. , Lin Yen‐chun , Narayan Vijay , Prak Albert
Published: February 2019

The authors describe a thermofluidic chip on which microscale islands of controlled temperature are formed within an open fluidic environment. The chip forms part of the authors’ technology for thermally controlled DNA synthesis, whereby the site‐specific temperature control enables site‐specific addressability of chemical reactions, for example, related to the phosphoramidite cycle. Here, the authors discuss the principle of the chip, supporting the thermal well concept by means of simulations as well as by showing a prototype thermal array device.
Output feedback MPC based on smoothed projected kinky inference
Authors: Manzano José María , Limón Daniel , Muñoz de la Peña David , Calliess Jan Peter
Published: February 2019

In this study, the authors propose a stabilising data‐based model predictive controller for systems subject to constraints in which the prediction model is inferred from experimental data of the plant using a machine learning technique. The inference method is a modification of the kinky inference tailored for model predictive control. In particular, the modified method has a lower computational effort and provides smoother predictions than the original method. The controller formulation considers soft constraints in the outputs, hard constraints in the inputs and guarantees closed‐loop robust stability as well as performance by means of the use of different control and prediction horizons and a weighted terminal cost. Under the assumption that the model of the system is Hölder continuous, they prove that the closed‐loop system is input‐to‐state stable with respect to the estimation errors. The results are demonstrated in a case study of a continuously stirred‐tank reactor.
Fast fault detection during power swing on a hybrid transmission line using WPT
Authors: Patel Bikash , Bera Parthasarathi
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a new technique for very high speed detection of fault during power swing on a hybrid transmission line consisting of an overhead line and an underground cable. The wavelet packet transform with the mother wavelet db1 is utilised to segregate the high‐frequency components from three‐phase current signals recorded at the relay point and a fault detection index is calculated using these components to detect faults during power swing. The proposed method is tested on a 400 kV double circuit transmission system and a 400 kV 3‐machine 9‐bus Western System Coordinating Council system simulated in electromagnetic transient program software for both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, different fault resistances, load angles, and fault inception times at random locations on the transmission line. Its performance is also analysed for close‐in faults, high dc offset current, and the faults on the series compensated transmission line. The method is very fast to detect faults during power swing irrespective of the variations of fault conditions, and a comparative assessment with the existing methods justifies its merit.
Analysis of traffic offload using multi‐attribute decision making technique in heterogeneous shared networks
Authors: Sethuraman Ramakrishnan , Kar Subrat , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja
Published: February 2019

Over the years, the authors have witnessed tremendous growth in mobile data traffic. To address the capacity requirements, the mobile network operators (MNOs) are adding more radio nodes and spectrum layers. The spectrum layers vary in quality of service (QoS), utilisation and usage fee. To save operational costs, the MNOs could share their radio networks. The MNOs, therefore, should consider spectrum availability, link utilisation, link usage costs, traffic handling priorities and QoS for selecting the Donor link for traffic offload. In this study, the traffic offload scenario with multiple Donor links from different MNOs is analysed. The authors define the relevant queuing parameters for Donor link selection. Two hybrid multi‐attribute decision‐making (MADM) techniques, namely, (a) analytical hierarchical process (AHP) with grey relational analysis (GRA) technique and (b) entropy with range of values (RoV) technique for dynamic Donor link selection in traffic offload scenario and assess their benefits were compared. The authors use IP network measurements to derive the packet service time. It is observed that both the techniques Entropy‐RoV and AHP‐GRA align well with the dynamism of the network, though Entropy‐RoV method performed without any pre‐configuration. The AHP‐GRA technique requires pre‐configuration of parameters and when configured suitably, it can perform as a load equalisation technique.
Resolving range–Doppler coupling in LFM waveforms by steady‐state filters
Authors: Najian Negar , Sebt Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2019

When linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms are utilised to estimate target range, the error due to the velocity effect on range estimation must be reduced. This error, which is caused by the Doppler effect of target velocity, can be decreased using a Kalman filter. However, as the computational work of Kalman filters is so much, steady‐state filters are applied. In this study, in order to reduce range estimation error, the coefficients of steady‐state filters are calculated using two methods: first, it is computed considering the velocity Doppler error and with the purpose of improving the steady‐state response of the filters. In this method, by omitting the velocity Doppler Effect, the bias value and the root‐mean‐square error of the range estimation are diminished considerably. In the second method, a transfer function is obtained in order to estimate the range using Z‐transform, and the coefficients are calculated with the aim of improving the transient response of the filters, and it is observed that the overshoot value and the fluctuations of the transient response of the filters reduce significantly. Furthermore, in this method, unlike the previous one, there is no need for the data of acceleration and the variations of the movement acceleration along the path.
Hubble Space Telescope photometry of multiple stellar populations in the inner parts of NGC 2419
Authors: Larsen Søren S. , Baumgardt Holger , Bastian Nate , Hernandez Svea , Brodie Jean
Published: February 2019

We present new deep imaging of the central regions of the remote globular cluster NGC 2419, obtained with the F343N and F336W filters of the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The new data are combined with archival imaging to constrain nitrogen and helium abundance variations within the cluster. We find a clearly bimodal distribution of the nitrogen-sensitive F336W–F343N colours of red giants, from which we estimate that about 55% of the giants belong to a population with about normal (field-like) nitrogen abundances (P1), while the remaining 45% belong to a nitrogen-rich population (P2). On average, the P2 stars are more He-rich than the P1 stars, with an estimated mean difference of ΔY ≃ 0.05, but the P2 stars exhibit a significant spread in He content and some may reach ΔY ≃ 0.13. A smaller He spread may also be present for the P1 stars. Additionally, stars with spectroscopically determined low Mg abundances ([Mg/Fe] <  0) are generally associated with P2. We find the P2 stars to be slightly more centrally concentrated in NGC 2419 with a projected half-number radius of about 10% less than for the P1 stars, but the difference is not highly significant (p ≃ 0.05). Using published radial velocities, we find evidence of rotation for the P1 stars, whereas the results are inconclusive for the P2 stars, which are consistent with no rotation as well as the same average rotation found for the P1 stars. Because of the long relaxation time scale of NGC 2419, the radial trends and kinematic properties of the populations are expected to be relatively unaffected by dynamical evolution. Hence, they provide constraints on formation scenarios for multiple populations, which must account not only for the presence of He spreads within sub-populations identified via CNO variations, but also for the relatively modest differences in the spatial distributions and kinematics of the populations.
Das Low anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS)
Authors: Sulkowski Udo , Mennigen Rudolf
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Mit einem 5-Jahres-Überleben von mittlerweile 80% rückt die postoperative Lebensqualität nach onkologischer Rektumresektion zunehmend in den Fokus des Interesses. Das Low anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) fasst die postoperative Morbidität infolge des operativen Eingriffes zusammen.

Material und Methode Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, um das Bild des LARS näher zu definieren und Verständnis für seine Pathophysiologie, Diagnose, Therapie und Prophylaxe zu entwickeln.

Ergebnisse LARS wird in bis zu 80% nach allen stomavermeidenden operativen Eingriffen beobachtet, die beim Rektumkarzinom durchgeführt werden. Die Kapazität des Rektumstumpfes wie auch die Verletzung nervaler Strukturen scheinen die wichtigsten pathogenetischen Faktoren zu sein, die zu einer signifikanten Einschränkung der Lebensqualität führen.

Schlussfolgerungen Es existieren verschiedene therapeutische Ansätze, um die Konsequenzen des LARS beim einzelnen Patienten abzuschwächen. Nichtsdestotrotz wird in der Zukunft noch viel Arbeit notwendig sein, um nicht nur das Überleben, sondern auch die Lebensqualität nach einem Rektumkarzinom zu verbessern.
Postoperative Blutung nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Haager Benedikt , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin
Published: February 2019

Die postoperative Nachblutung nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen ist eine seltene, aber mit einer hohen Mortalität verknüpfte Komplikation. In der Literatur wird die Häufigkeit mit 0,6 – 2% bzw. 3 – 4,6% angegeben bei einer Mortalität von 5,1 bis zu 17,8%. Bei leichten Blutungen kann der Abfluss über die Thoraxdrainagen, Substitution von Gerinnungsprodukten (Fresh frozen Plasma, Tranexamsäure) und die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) ausreichend sein, um diese zu kontrollieren. Bei ausgeprägten Blutungen ist jedoch meist eine Rethorakotomie erforderlich. Die Ursache der Nachblutung liegt meist in einem Bronchial- oder Interkostalgefäß (21 und 16%) oder an der Thoraxwand bei ausgedehnter Pleurolyse (10,5%). Die Pulmonalarterie oder -vene war nur in 16% Ursache der Blutung und in den meisten Fällen (37%) konnte keine aktive Blutungsquelle mehr identifiziert werden. Einen günstigen Effekt auf das postoperative Outcome nach Nachblutung scheint die rasche Revisionsoperation zu haben.
Recommendations for the Diagnostic Testing and Therapy of Atlas Fractures
Authors: Schleicher Philipp , Scholz Matti , Kandziora Frank , Badke Andreas , Dreimann Marc , Gebhard Harry W. , Gercek Erol , Gonschorek Oliver , Hartensuer René , Jarvers Jan-Sven Gilbert , Katscher Sebastian , Kobbe Philipp , Koepp Holger , Matschke Stefan , Mörk Sven , Müller Christian W. , Osterhoff Georg , Pécsi Ferenc , Pishnamaz Miguel , Reinhold Maximilian , Schmeiser Gregor , Schnake Klaus John , Schneider Kristian , Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Ullrich Bernhard
Published: February 2019

Im Jahr 2017 erstellten die Mitglieder der AG „obere HWS“ der Sektion „Wirbelsäule“ der DGOU in einem Konsensusprozess mit 4 Sitzungen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie oberer Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Empfehlung für Frakturen des Atlasrings. Etwa 10% aller HWS-Verletzungen betreffen den Atlas. Die Diagnostik zielt im Wesentlichen auf die Detektion der Verletzung sowie die Beurteilung der Gelenkflächen hinsichtlich einer Lateralisationstendenz der Atlasmassive. Zur Klassifikation haben sich die Gehweiler-Klassifikation und ergänzend die Dickman-Klassifikation bewährt. Zum primären klinischen Screening hat sich die Canadian C-Spine Rule bewährt. Bildgebendes Verfahren der Wahl bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine Atlasverletzung ist die CT. Die MRT dient der Beurteilung der Integrität des Lig. transversum atlantis bei vorderer und hinterer Bogenfraktur. Die Indikation zur Gefäßdarstellung sollte großzügig gestellt werden. Viele Atlasfrakturen können konservativ in einer Zervikalorthese behandelt werden. Eine OP-Indikation ist gegeben bei bestehender oder drohender massiver Gelenkinkongruenz oder -instabilität, die am häufigsten bei Gehweiler-IIIB-Frakturen oder bei Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen vorliegt. Operative Standardtherapie ist die dorsale atlantoaxiale Fixation, entweder in transartikulärer Technik oder mittels Fixateur interne. Insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten sollte die Möglichkeit einer isolierten Atlasosteosynthese geprüft werden. Dislozierte Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen mit sagittaler Spaltbildung können auch probatorisch im Halofixateur unter Ausnutzung der Ligamentotaxis behandelt werden; eine engmaschige Dislokationskontrolle ist obligat. Im Falle einer sekundären Dislokation ist auch hier eine operative Stabilisierung indiziert. Bei Mitbeteiligung des okzipitozervikalen Gelenks ist eine Einbeziehung des Okziputs in die Instrumentierung notwendig.
Richtlinien für Kliniken
Authors: Klakow-Franck Regina
Published: February 2019

Schon lange bevor die Politik die Untergrenzen thematisierte, hatte der G-BA
Regeln in puncto Personalausstattung für sensible Bereiche festgelegt. Die
Umsetzung stellt die Pflegedirektionen nun vor eine große Herausforderung.
Ein Überblick – auch über das Beschlussgremium selbst.
Medizintechnik-Design: User Experience entwickelt sich zum wichtigen Kaufkriterium
Authors: Bay Susanne
Published: February 2019

Fachpersonal und Patienten betrachten Medizingeräte nicht mehr nur als Technik mit medizinischen Funktionen. Sie wollen Freude am Umgang erleben und wünschen sich ein ganzheitliches Produkterlebnis.
Maschinelles Lernen: Die Software zur sekundenschnellen Referenzfallsuche
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: February 2019

Das mehrfach ausgezeichnete Startup contextflow aus Wien hat sich darauf spezialisiert, große medizinische Bilddaten automatisiert analysierbar zu machen. Es bietet Radiologen eine KI-gestützte Suchmaschine an, die es erlaubt, Befunde genauer und schneller zu erstellen. Im Gespräch mit kma erläutert CEO Markus Holzer, wie sie funktioniert.
Green Hospital Lichtenfels: Das grüne Vorbild
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: February 2019

Das Helmut-G.-Walther-Klinikum Lichtenfels ist das erste Krankenhaus in Bayern, das umfassend nach umweltfreundlichen Gesichtspunkten gebaut wurde. Durch den konsequenten Einsatz regenerativer Energien ist ein Klinikgebäude mit landesweitem Vorbildcharakter entstanden, das auch seinen Mitarbeitern und Patienten mehr zu bieten hat als konventionelle Gesundheitsbauten.
Access to 3D Alicyclic Amine-Containing Fragments through Transannular C–H Arylation
Authors: Lee Melissa , Adams Ashley , Cox Philip , Sanford Melanie
Published: February 2019

In this Letter, we adapt a recently reported Pd-catalyzed transannular C(sp3)–H arylation of alicyclic amines for applications in fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). We apply this method to the synthesis of a series of 6-arylated 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes that are rule-of-three compliant fragments. Several modifications were made to the Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation method to enhance its utility in fragment synthesis. These include the use of microwave heating to shorten reaction times to under 1 h and the development of new approaches for directing group cleavage. Finally, we demonstrate that this fragment library falls within desirable physicochemical space for FBDD applications.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of S-Aryl Dithiocarbamates from Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides and Aryl Iodides in Water
Authors: Wu Xiang-mei , Yan Guo-bing
Published: February 2019

An efficient approach for the copper-catalyzed synthesis of aryl dithiocarbamates from aryl iodides and tetraalkylthiuram disulfides in water is described. Without additional ligand and organic solvent, the coupling reaction could provide a series of S-aryl dithiocarbamates in moderate to good yields.
Acute Limb Ischemia Therapies: When and How to Treat Endovascularly
Authors: Hage Anthony , McDevitt Joseph , Chick Jeffrey , Vadlamudi Venu
Published: February 2019

Acute limb ischemia is an emergent limb and life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. An understanding of the presentation, clinical evaluation, and initial workup, including noninvasive imaging evaluation, is critical to determine an appropriate management strategy. Modern series have shown endovascular revascularization for acute limb ischemia to be safe and effective with success rates approaching surgical series and with similar, or even decreased, perioperative morbidity and mortality. A thorough understanding of endovascular techniques, associated pharmacology, and perioperative care is paramount to the endovascular management of patients presenting with acute limb ischemia. This article discusses the diagnosis and strategies for endovascular treatment of acute limb ischemia.
Long Chronic Total Occlusions: Revascularization Strategies
Authors: Sheeran Daniel , Wilkins Luke
Published: February 2019

The treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complex topic with multiple treatment techniques and treatment strategies. The interventionalist treating patients with PAD should have both a defined treatment algorithm and multiple techniques available for crossing these challenging lesions. This article will cover techniques for treating CTOs and provide an overview of current available evidence.
Differentiating Lower Extremity Wounds: Arterial, Venous, Neurotrophic
Authors: Star Ava
Published: February 2019

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a currently underdiagnosed and underrecognized vascular disease afflicting up to 200 million people worldwide, with at least 1 million of those suffering from critical limb ischemia (CLI). The 5-year mortality after major amputation for CLI (70%) is twice the average 5-year cancer mortality in the United States, and as many as 50% of CLI patients proceed directly to amputation without preceding vascular assessment or revascularization. Each year, twice as many breast augmentations are performed as leg revascularizations. Strong evidence in the literature supports markedly improved outcomes when multidisciplinary care teams across specialties are engaged to evaluate, treat, and manage patients with lower extremity wounds. This article assists the vascular specialist in differentiating the three most common lower extremity wound types.