bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yearly quotas and country-reserved shares in Italian immigration policy
Authors: Cuttitta Paolo
Published: December 2018

Regular immigration to Italy is based on a quota system setting annual ceilings to legal entries. Reserved shares are granted to single countries or categories of countries. Reserved shares have been increased; they are used as an incentive to obtain the cooperation of countries of origin in stemming irregular migration flows. The total quota of regular immigration has gradually increased too. Still, it does not fully respond to the growing demand of foreign workers on the labour market, and quotas seem to be used as crypto-regularisations rather than as an instrument for regulating legal entries.
The determinants of labour market earnings for Bulgarian migrants: Some micro-level evidence from Madrid, Spain
Authors: Markova Eugenia , Reilly Barry
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates the wage determination process in a migrant labour market using a unique survey conducted among legal and illegal Bulgarian immigrants in the city of Madrid in late 2003 and in the early months of 2004. The role of human capital, the time spent in Spain, language competence, and an individual’s legal status are empirically assessed.  In addition, the magnitude of the gender pay disparity within the migrant’s labour market is also computed.
Editorial: Migration costs
Authors: Rees Martha W.
Published: December 2018

Much has been written about the costs—and benefits--of migration--in terms of the costs to the US (or receiving regions) and of the benefits to migrants. Massey (2005) concludes that because (Mexican) immigrants pay taxes, they are not a drain on public services. In fact, migrants are less likely to use public services, and pay taxes for services they don’t use. Almost two-thirds have Social Security taxes withheld, only 10% have sent a child to public schools, and under 5% or have used food stamps, welfare, or unemployment compensation. They also pay sales taxes. In terms of criminality, Rumbaut and Ewing (2007) refute the myth that migrants bring crime. They find that Mexican immigrant men have a lower rate of incarceration (0.7%) than US born Latinos (5.9%) or for US born males (3.5%).
Discourses of diasporic responsibility in Ireland: The modern moment and the discursive costs of moving
Authors: Thornburg Aaron
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I offer a critical reflection regarding the rhetorical employment of an analogy between mid-nineteenth-century, Famine-age emigrants from Ireland and non-Irish-national immigrants that have been increasingly present in the Republic of Ireland since the mid-1990s. While this discursive device is considered to be politically correct, cosmopolitan, and/or accepting of recent migrants to Ireland, I maintain that drawing the comparison between Famine-age and earlier emigrants from Ireland and current-day immigrants to the island supports the characterization of non-Irish-national residents as less than modern and incapable of integration into Irish society.
Endurance of Transnationalism in Bolivia’s Valle Alto
Authors: Jones Richard C. , De la Torre Leonardo
Published: December 2018

The increasing difficulty of return migration and the demands for assimilation into host societies suggest a long-term cutting of ties to origin areas—likely accentuated in the Bolivian case by the recent shift in destinations from Argentina to the US and Spain. Making use of a stratified random sample of 417 families as well as ethnographic interviews in the provinces of Punata, Esteban Arze, and Jordán in the Valle Alto region the authors investigate these issues. Results suggest that for families with greater than ten years cumulated foreign work experience, there are significantly more absentees and lower levels of remittances as a percentage of household income. Although cultural ties remain strong after ten years, intentions to return to Bolivia decline markedly. The question of whether the dimunition of economic ties results in long-term village decline in the Valle Alto remains an unanswered.
Rural gentrification as a migration process: Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Hjort Susanne
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate rural gentrification as a migration process in parts of the sparsely populated countryside. The aim is sought through an analysis of the socio-economic and demographic composition of migration patterns using register data and employing different methods including logistic regression analysis. The particular time set of the analyses from the late 1980s until the early 1990s has been utilized as a way to understand the changing migration pattern of a changing economy; from boom to bust. The results show that rural gentrification is of marginal importance in the sparsely populated countryside of Sweden.
On transnational migration, deepening vulnerabilities, and the challenge of membership
Authors: Bailey Adrian J.
Published: December 2018

This letter concerns itself with how transnational scholarship might orient itself to unfinished business: specifically, the theorisation of deepening vulnerabilities and persisting inequalities faced by con-temporary transnational migrants. I begin by identifying five inter-locking dimensions of vulnerability: norms about remitting and re-turning; cumulative causation and context of arrival; social rela-tions; civic participation; new racialisations. The paper argues that these vulnerabilities signal a crisis of membership, and goes on to identify how hybridity and what we understand by national com-munity must remain central to strategies that ameliorate vulnerability.
Editorial: Biographical methods in migration research
Authors: Iosifides Theodoros , Sporton Deborah
Published: December 2018

During the last decades, qualitative biographical/narrative methods gained a prominent position within the spectrum of social science methodology and research practice, mainly due to a reaction to the positivist-empiricist dominance and associated views of social reality. After an initial interest to biographical methods, which followed the edition of ‘The Polish Peasant in Europe and America (1919-1921)’ by Thomas and Znaniecki (1958), biographical and generally qualitative research methods gave way to empiricist-quantitative approaches and only since the end of 1960 the positivist domination begun to be unsettled (Halfacree and Boyle 1993; Findlay and Li 1997; Tsiolis 2006).
Migration, life narratives, memory and subjectivity: Reflections on an archival project on Irish migration
Authors: Gray Breda
Published: December 2018

This article considers three theoretical approaches (late-modern, post-modern and feminist) to the apparent obsession with self-narration and memory in the early twenty-first century as they relate to an archival project on Irish migration. This archival project focused on the life narratives of those who witnessed mass out-migration from 1950s Ireland. The article reflects on the extent to which this project and the motivations of both the researchers and contributors reflect these theoretical accounts of the biographical turn.
A Mobile Life Story Tracing Hopefulness in the Life and Dreams of a Young Ivorian Migrant
Authors: Bjarnesen Jesper
Published: December 2018

The analysis suggests an adaptation of the life history interview as a method in qualitative migration studies. By joining four analytical concepts into an overall methodological framework, the mobile life story is intended to guide the exploration of the subjective experiences of migrants at various stages of a migrant trajectory. The notion of ‘mobility’ evokes a holistic orientation in the study of migrant biographies; the unpredictability that characterises the social practice of migrants is captured through the concept of ‘hopefulness’; the concept of ‘vital conjunctures’ is argued to provide a temporal delimitation and a focus for the organising of a life history interview; and the spatial dimension of the methodology is delimited through the concept of ‘emplacement’. As opposed to a migration history, the mobile life story explores the significant transformations that have characterised the migrant’s past and relates these defining moments to the broader migration history.
Going North, coming South: Guatemalan migratory flows
Authors: Moran-Taylor Michelle J.
Published: December 2018

Understanding the return aspect of international migration is vital because returnees replete with new ideas, perceptions on life, and monies affect every dimension of social life in migrants’ places of origin.  Yet, return migration remains uneven and an understudied aspect of migratory flows because migration scholars have privileged why individuals migrate, the underlying motivations for their moves abroad, and how migrants assimilate and succeed in their destinations abroad. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article addresses the migratory flows of Ladino and Mayan Guatemalans:  those who go North, but in particular, those who come South. And in doing so, it highlights their similar and divergent responses towards migration processes.
Skilled immigrant women carers in rural England and their downward mobility
Authors: Cuban Sondra
Published: December 2018

An ESRC study that focused on the career trajectories of women immigrant care workers in a new area of settlement in England found that they had few opportunities to advance and that structural barriers were pervasive. Three major themes about factors for the women’s downward mobility were discovered: 1) Social and economic discrimination in sending countries, 2) a predominant perception amongst British-born employers and the public that the women had poor English and qualifications, and 3) limited networks that enabled them to advance. The women devised enterprising strategies to survive, but few outcomes resulted from their efforts.
The Algerian wife or “l’amour n’a pas d’age”
Authors: Nielsen Aileen
Published: December 2018

Young male immigrants from North Africa come to France as much to defy a sense of globally structured exclusion as to escape the effects of other geopolitical stresses. While most anthropological work on Islam and North African youth in France documents a return to conservative Islam, this letter discusses another response to this same experience by illegal North African immigrants living in France. The response described here is one of humour, romance, and a continued desire to join the West rather than a rejection or challenge to French society. This letter provides ethnographic data on the phenomenon described above and so gives a view from the street of how romance may be one of the most important preoccupations of the clandestine male.
Some reflections on outsider and insider identities in ethnic and migrant qualitative research
Authors: Wray Sharon , Bartholomew Michelle
Published: December 2018

This article explores some of the methodological issues relating to outsider and insider identities in ethnic and migrant qualitative research. It draws upon two qualitative research studies that set out to examine older (55-75 years) migrant African Caribbean women’s experiences of health and ageing in the UK. An aim is to problematise the conceptualisation of insiderness and outsiderness as polarised and discrete, and provide some examples of how these identities might overlap and intersect. The article takes issue with the argument that it is both possible and desirable to ‘match’ the ethnic background of researcher and participant.
Forced migration and psychosocial health: meaning-making through autobiographical narratives in the UK
Authors: Psoinos Maria
Published: December 2018

This paper explores how refugees in the UK perceive the relation between their experience of migration and their psychosocial health. Autobiographical narrative interviews were carried out with fifteen refugees residing in the UK. The findings reveal a contrast between the negative stereotypes concerning refugees’ psychosocial health and the participants’ own perceptions. Two of the three emerging narratives suggest a more balanced view of refugees’ psychosocial health, since- in contrast to the stereotypes- most participants did not perceive this through the lens of ‘vulnerability’. The third narrative revealed that a hostile social context can negatively shape refugees’ perceptions of their psychosocial health. This runs counter to the stereotype of refugees as being exclusively responsible for their ‘passiveness’ and therefore for the problems they face.
Internal migration and socio-economic change in Laos
Authors: Phouxay Kabmanivanh , Malmberg Gunnar , Tollefsen Aina
Published: December 2018

This study analyzes how the migration pattern in Laos is influenced by the regionally differentiated modernization process, socioeconomic change, international migration and resettlement, by using census data from 1995 and 2005. Though Laos has experienced a rather dramatic socio-economic change during this period the inter-district and inter-province migration rate has decreased. But the empirical analyses show an increasing rural-urban migration and indicate a strong impact on migration from socio-economic changes. But internal migration patterns are also influenced by international migration patterns and resettlement of rural populations. Although socio-economic changes are major determinants to migration, also regional policies and opportunities for international migration are key factors influencing migration in developing countries.
Adam Smith on migration
Authors: Rauhut Daniel
Published: December 2018

Adam Smith considered poverty and unemployment as push factors for migration and wages high enough to provide for a worker and his family as a pull factor. Migration as a free mobility of labour leads to an optimal allocation of the factor commodity labour as well as changes of employment which necessary to equalise wages between different geographical entities. The consequences are not only promoting economic growth and prosperity, but also reducing poverty. Smith has no contemporary empirical support for his theory.
Editorial: Remittances and the global financial crisis
Authors: Ratha Dilip , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Migrant remittances are an important source of external finance for developing countries. The current financial crisis is believed to have influenced migrant remittance flows as well as volume and patterns of use of remittances. In this special issue, a collection of cases from around the world is presented to understand the immediately felt effects of the crisis. Potential influences due to the crisis impact on migration patterns are yet to be seen and studied.
Macroeconomic impact of remittances on output growth: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Tansel Aysıt , Yaşar Pınar
Published: December 2018

This study estimates a Keynesian simultaneous, dynamic macro-econometric model to investigate the impact of remittances on key macro variables such as consumption, investment, imports and income in Turkey. The estimated impact and dynamic multipliers indicate that impact of remittances on consumption, imports and income are all positive and reduce gradually while that on investment wears out in the second year. The impact multiplier for income implies a substantial increase in income due to remittances through the multiplier process. The remittances-induced output growth rate is highest during the early 1970s and the early 1980s, but negligible during the other years.
Can trade, aid, foreign direct investments and remittances curb migration from Turkey?
Authors: Akkoyunlu Sule
Published: December 2018

In this study we examine the macro-determinants of Turkish migration to Germany over the period 1969–2004 by means of cointegration analysis. We find that trade and factor flows indeed influence migration and play a role in managing Turkish migration in the short as well as in the long run. However, the income differential between Turkey and Germany is the most important factor in determining migration flows and the effects of trade and factor flows on migration in the short as well as in the long run are mixed. Therefore, we argue that migration could be better managed when the dynamic gains from trade and factor flows are considered.
Mobilising resiliency in times of economic hardship: Emerging themes in migrant worker remittance payments
Authors: Garlan Kevin
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses the nexus of the global financial crisis and the remittance markets of Mexico and India, along with introducing new and emerging payment technologies that will help facilitate the growth of remittances worldwide. Overall resiliency is found in most markets but some are impacted differently by economic hardship. With that we also explore the area of emerging payment methods and how they can help nations weather this economic strife. Mobile payments are highlighted as one of the priority areas for the future of transferring monetary funds, and we assess their ability to further facilitate global remittances.
CASE STUDY: From shock absorber to shock transmitter: Determinants of remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Singh Raju Jan
Published: December 2018

Workers’ remittances to developing countries have substantially increased over the past decade, both globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. They have been argued to be shock absorbers, increasing when home economies face economic difficulties and have been shown to alleviate poverty. During economic downturns, however, migrant workers are often the most vulnerable. As migrants lose their incomes or even their jobs, the global scope of the current crisis may turn remittances into a shock transmitter. Faced by this perspective, what can home countries do to shelter themselves? This paper investigates the determinants of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa and suggests some possible policy responses.
Book Reviews
Authors: Salmenhaara Perttu , Ghumkor Sahar , Vandezande Mattijs
Published: December 2018

Globalisation Challenges to Research and Governance by Kultalahti, Jukka, Ilari Kauppi, Olli Kultalahti, Enrico Todisco Helsinki: East-west Books, 2009 ISBN: 978-952-99592-6-6, 357 pp.Challenging Identities: Muslim women in Australia by Shahram Akbarzadeh (ed.) Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-522-85715-3, 208 pp.Migrants and Urban Change: Newcomers to Antwerp, 1760-1860, Perspectives in Economic and Social History by Anne Winter London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009 ISBN 978-18-5196-646-2, 318 pp.
Undocumented College Students in the United States: A category in need of further analysis
Authors: Deguili Francesca
Published: December 2018

This paper concerns itself with a subset of undocumented immigrants, that of undocumented students in the United States. While many sociologists have engaged with undocumented immigration in general, not much attention has been paid to this growing group and when it has been done these students were treated as a unified and undiversified category. In this letter, instead, I intend to outline some of the ways in which the label of undocumented student and its consequences may vary greatly depending on a number of different elements, among them: the different legal status of various family members, the different methods of entry into the country, family structure, and the influence of the communities that surround them.
Survival of the Excluded: Azerbaijani Immigrant Women’s Survival Strategies and Industrial Work in Istanbul
Authors: Dedeoglu Saniye
Published: December 2018

In recent years, Turkey has become a popular destination for the irregular migration of Azerbaijani people. Every year almost half a million Azeri come to Turkey for various reasons. However, most of these migrants seek employment in the large Turkish informal sector. This paper is an attempt to build the survival strategies of Azerbaijani migrants into the existing migration literature and show how these strategies can also be a way of generating a successful export industry in Turkey. In this regard, survival strategies developed by Azeri migrants in response to the Turkish migration regime, which is designed to exclude every migrant not considered somehow ethnically Turkish, include family migration, maximising family income while minimising the cost of daily family survival.
Dearly Deported: Social Citizenship of Undocumented Minors in the US
Authors: Lundy Brandon D.
Published: December 2018

First-second generation undocumented minors to the US are considered through an experiential-style “letter” in which the author uses his personal narrative as a backdrop for the deportation dilemma. The two primary questions considered in this piece are, can compassion play a role in policy decisions regarding deportation, and what happens when a person develops social citizenship within the host nation and then experiences deportation as a result of a fairly rigid world system? The focus is on the individual costs of forced migration when the promises of a new world order lead to alienation for the peoples of the Global South.
Regional distribution of immigrants in Hungary - An analytical approach
Authors: Tóth Géza , Kincses Áron
Published: December 2018

The study examines the regional peculiarities of immigration in Hungary. We reveal the reasons for immigration and the national differences thereof. We analyse the relations between the share of migrants and the road availability with the help of a road analysis method. The purpose of this study is to analyse the territorial characteristics of those who migrate to our county. We aim to explore the causes of immigration and the national differences of that. With the help of a path analysis we will analyse how the proportion of migrants and public road access relate to each other. So, on one hand the aim of this article is to map the regional situation of Hungary and other hand to give some examples about applications for analysis in migration.
Potential of qualitative network analysis in migration studies- Reflections based on an empirical analysis of young researchers’ mobility aspirations
Authors: Scheibelhofer Elisabeth
Published: December 2018

Based on the example of an empirical research study, the paper examines the strengths and limitations of a qualitative network approach to migration and mobility. The method of graphic drawings produced by the respondents within an interview setting was applied. With this method, we argue to be able to analyse migrants’ specific social embeddedness and its influence on future mobility aspirations. Likewise, connections between the migratory biography and the individuals’ various social relations are investigated.
National identity and otherness in Greek speakers’ talk about immigration: Methodological and transdisciplinary reflections
Authors: Xenitidou Maria
Published: December 2018

The aim of the paper is to present the potential contribution of using Critical Discursive Psychology to study national identity and immigration. It draws upon a study on Greek national identity negotiations in relation to immigration. The study was guided by the perspective of banal nationalism which treats national identity as a form of life in a world divided into nation-states (Billig, 1995). In terms of Greek national identity and immigration, the study drew similarities between the perspective of banal nationalism and the critique of methodological nationalism (Wimmer and Schiller, 2002).
Do international remittances cause Dutch disease?
Authors: Beja Jr. Edsel L
Published: December 2018

Dutch disease is a condition whereby a booming export sector along with a concomitant strengthening of the non-tradable sector cause a deterioration in the rest of the tradable sector. Regression analysis finds that Dutch disease due to international remittances appears to afflict the developing countries more than the upper income countries. Developing countries, however, can inoculate their economies with policies that strengthen the domestic economy and facilitate structural change to keep the disease from setting in.
Asset ownership of recent immigrants: An examination of nativity and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Chatterjee Swarn , Kim Jinhee
Published: December 2018

This study uses a nationally representative sample of newly legalized immigrants to the United States to investigate factors related to their financial and non-financial asset ownership. Our analysis examines the ownership of financial assets, homes, and businesses in association with human capital, acculturation, and other demographic variables. The results indicate that household income and English fluency are significant predictors of financial, housing and business asset ownership. Other demographic, human capital and acculturation factors have varying effects on asset ownership. Understanding these factors of asset ownership can be useful to practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in developing strategies that can help immigrants integrate into the host country’s society.
Book Reviews
Authors: Redmond Jennifer , McAreavey Ruth , Iosifides Theodoros , Salmenhaara Perttu , Komulainen Sirkka
Published: December 2018

John Welshman, Churchill's Children: The Evacuee Experience in Wartime Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, 288 pp., (ISBN13: 9780199574414), (paper).Birgit Jentsch and Myriam Simard (eds.), International Migration and Rural Areas: Cross-National Comparative Perspectives, Farnham: Ashgate, 2009, 218pp, (ISBN: 978-0-7546-7484-9), (cloth).Keith Jacobs, Experience and Representation, Contemporary Perspectives on Migration in Australia, Farnham: Ashgate, 2010, 176 pp, (ISBN: 978-0-7546-7610-2), (cloth).Raivo Vetik and Jelena Helemäe (eds.) The Russian Second Generation in Tallinn and Kohtla-Järve: The TIES Study in Estonia. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press - IMISCOE Reports, 2011, 242 pp, (ISBN: 978-90-8964-250-9), (cloth).Elisabeth Eide and Kaarina Nikunen, Media in Motion: Cultural Complexity and Migration in the Nordic Region. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011, 296 pp, (ISBN: 978-1409404460), (cloth).
Editorial: Migration and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe
Authors: Martin Philip L. , Sirkeci Ibrahim , Stark Eugen
Published: December 2018

About 12 million people born in Mexico are in the US while about four million Turks are in the European Union. Migration has been part of the strong relationship between these sending and receiving countries. Both Mexico's and Turkey's economies expanded significantly over the last two decades. However, there has also been displacement and outmigration from both countries. Over 500,000 Mexicans moved to the US each year between 2004 and 2007, and most were unauthorized. Researchers from Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western European countries examine the demography, economy, and politics of Mexico-US and Turkey-western Europe migration in this special issue.
Mexican labour market performance and emigration
Authors: Pederzini Carla
Published: December 2018

During the last three decades, the Mexican economy has not generated enough jobs for the expanding labour force. Unemployment rate in Mexico is low, but almost one third of the labour force works in the informal sector. Migration flows from Mexico to the US have been significant in the last decade. Even though the number of Mexicans in the US has remained stable, Mexican immigration to the US dropped from 2006 to 2009. Emigration is a key employment channel for the enlarged working-age Mexican population. A reduced migratory flow may pose a major challenge for the Mexican labour market.
Integration a few kilometres away from the motherland: Albanians' internal migration, settlement and voluntary return in Epirus and the Ionian Islands in Greece
Authors: Gialis Stelios
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on the interconnection between internal migration in Greece, integration and voluntary return prospects of Albanians currently living in Epirus and the Ionian Islands. It is based on field research conducted during 2008 among immigrants who live in Ioannina, Preveza, Arta and Kerkyra. The study highlights the different types of internal trajectories that migrants had follow before settling in the neighbouring areas of Greece, just a few kilometres away from their homeland. Migrant's current economic integration and some of the socio-economic barriers they face are discussed and linked to their will to return permanently to Albania. Internal mobility is found to be a preceding step in search for integration; integration, in turn, acts as a counterbalance to both further internal movement and voluntary return prospects, at least for the next foreseeable years.
Canada’s temporary foreign worker programme: A discussion of human rights issues
Authors: Cundal Kerry , Seaman Brian
Published: December 2018

Canada, like many other developed countries, has implemented a temporary foreign workers’ programme, ostensibly to address temporary labour shortages within its domestic labour market. However, there is growing evidence of the programme being used to meet longer-term labour demands, with low-skilled migrant workers being marginalized into low paying service industry jobs and manual labour in the construction and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, there is evidence of these marginalized workers suffering human rights abuses and economic exploitation. This paper discusses some of these problems and presents a case for legislative reform.
Role of municipalities in fostering integration process of people with migration background in Austria
Authors: Gruber Marika
Published: December 2018

Integrating migration populations into settled communities presents a major challenge especially for municipalities. Consequently, this research project investigated how municipalities can support the integration process of people with a migration background in eight different municipal fields of integration. The examples of two Austrian cities (Linz and Dornbirn), which have many years of experience in designing and developing an integration process, activities and projects, have been analysed in order to further develop the integration process. The wide variety of integration practices and activities of Linz and Dornbirn demonstrate how broad the room of manoeuvre is to create the municipal fields of integration.
Book Reviews
Authors: Allen Elizabeth , Dogan Evinc , Hjalm Anna , Sirkeci Ibrahim , Saunders Bradley
Published: December 2018

Helen Vella Bonavita (ed.), Negotiating Identities: Constructed Selves and Oth-ers, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2011, 217 pp., (ISBN: 978-90-420-3400-6) (pa-per).Theodoros Iosifides, Qualitative Methods in Migration Studies, A Critical Real-ist Perspective, Oxford: Ashgate Publishing, 2011, 278 pp., (ISBN13: 978-1-4094-0222-0), (paper).Puschmann, Paul, Casablanca. A Demographic Miracle on Moroccan Soil?, Leuven: Acco Academic, 2011, 170 pp., (ISBN13: 9789033480683), (paper).Myna German and Padmini Banerjee (eds.), Migration, Technology, and Transculturation: a Global Perspective, St Charles, MO, USA: Lindenwood University Press, 2011, 288 pp., (ISBN13: 978-0984630745), (paper).  Reza Hasmath, The Ethnic Penalty: Immigration, Education and the Labour Market, Burlington, VT and Surrey, UK: Ashgate (2012) 130pp. (ISBN 978-1-4094-0211-4).
Entegrasyonu etkileyen makro düzey etkenler: Almanya ve Hollanda'da Türkler - Macro-environmental factors affecting integration: Turks in Germany and the Netherlands Transnational Press London
Authors: Tol Gonul
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışma Almanya ve Hollanda’da yasayan Türk toplumunun farklı entegrasyon örüntülerindeki nedensel faktörleri inceler. Alman ve Hollandalı Türk toplumları bir-çok farklı sosyo-kültürel özellikleri paylaşmaları yanında farklı entegrasyon seviyelerine sahip olduklarından karşılaştırmalı entegrasyon analizi açısından mükemmel bir fırsat sunuyor. Bu araştırma; ekonomik faktörler ve politik-yasal çerçeve gibi makro-çevresel koşullara bağlı olarak Hollandalı Türk göçmenlerin Almanya’daki muadillerine oranla ev sahibi topluma daha fazla entegre olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu faktörler etnik grupların entegrasyonunu teşvik edebilir ya da kısıtlayabilir. Anti-etnik yasama mevzu-atı, olumsuz göç politikaları ve işgücü piyasasındaki ayrımcılık entegrasyonu olumsuz etkilerken, ayrımcılık karşıtı yasal düzenlemeler ve kolay vatandaşlık mevzuatı göçmen toplumun ev sahibi topluma entegrasyonunu teşvik eder.
Göç ve hayatta kalma mücadelesi: İstanbul'da Azerbaycanlı kadın göçmenlerin hayatta kalma mücadelesi ve endüstriyel üretim - Survival of the excluded: Azerbaijani immigrant women's survival strategies and industrial work in Istanbul
Authors: Dedeoglu Saniye
Published: December 2018

In recent years, Turkey has become a popular destination for the irregular migration of Azerbaijani people. Every year almost half a million Azeri come to Turkey for various reasons. However, most of these mi-grants seek employment in the large Turkish informal sector. This paper is an attempt to build the survival strategies of Azerbaijani migrants into the existing migration literature and show how these strategies can also be a way of generating a successful export industry in Turkey. In this re-gard, survival strategies developed by Azeri migrants in response to the Turkish migration regime, which is designed to exclude every migrant not considered somehow ethnically Turkish, include family migration, maximising family income while minimising the cost of daily family survival.[IN TURKISH]Son yıllarda Türkiye, Azerbaycan’dan gelen düzensiz göçmenler için cazip bir ülke haline gelmiştir. Her yıl neredeyse yarım milyon Azeri farklı nedenlerle Türkiye’ye gelmektedir. Fakat bu gelenlerin çoğu Türkiye’nin geniş enformel ekonomisinde istihdam imkanları aramaktadır. Bu açıdan, Türk etnik kökeninden gelmeyen hemen hemen tüm göçmeleri dışlama anlayışı üzerine kurulmuş göç rejiminde varolabilmek için geliştirilen yaşam mücadelesi yöntemleri, aile göçü, yaşam maliyetlerinin minimize edilmesi ve aile gelirinin maksimize edilmesidir. Bu yazının amacı Azerbaycanlı göçmenlerin yaşam ya da ayakta kalma stratejilerini ele alarak varolan literatüre katkı yapmak ve Azerilerin bu stratejilerinin Türkiye’nin en başarılı ihracat sektörlerinden birini yaratmak için katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.
Türk göç kültürü: Türkiye ile Almanya arasında göç hareketleri, sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma ve çatışma - Turkish culture of migration: Flows between Turkey and Germany, socio-economic development and conflict
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Cohen Jeffrey H. , Yazgan Pinar
Published: December 2018

In this paper we explore the rise of Turkey as a destination for new migrants including the children of Turks and Kurds who emigrated to Europe and Germany over the last five decades. An environment of social, economic and human insecurity dominated migration from Turkey to Europe and in particular Germany over the last five decades; and today, shifts in Turkish society, economy and security are attracting migrants to the country. Ethnic conflicts were one key factor driving migration in the past and as we note, they continue to moderate the relationship between socio-economic development and emigration rates for Kurdish movers in the present. Nevertheless, we argue that the growth of the Turkish economy and increasing social freedoms support an increase in immigration to Turkey. Immigration to Turkey includes returnees as well as second and third generation Turks from Germany among other places. [IN TURKISH]Bu makalede Türkiye’nin, son 50 yıl içinde Avrupa’ya ve özellikle Almanya’ya göç etmiş Türk ve Kürt göçmenlerin çocukları da dahil olmak üzere yeni göçmenler için bir destinasyon haline gelişini irdeliyoruz. Sosyal, ekonomik ve insani bir güvensizlik ortamının varlığı, son 50 yıldaki Türkiye’den Avrupa’ya ve özellikle Almanya’ya göç üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Bugün ise Türk toplumundaki, ekonomisindeki ve güvenliğindeki değişimler ülkeye göçmen çekmektedir. Geçmişte, etnik çatışmalar göçü belirleyen faktörlerden biriydi ve bunlar bugün de sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma ve Kürt göçmenlerin göçü arasındaki ilişkiyi etkilemektedir. Ancak, Türkiye ekonomisinin büyümesi ve sosyal özgürlüklerin artışı Türkiye’ye göçü desteklemektedir. Türkiye’ye göç, Almanya ve diüer ülkelerden geri dönüş göçüyle birlikte ikinci ve üçüncü kuşak Türklerin göçünü de kapsamakatadır.
Cost of Sending Remittances from the UK in the Aftermath of the Financial Crisis
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Přívara Andrej
Published: December 2018

Reducing cost of remittances is among the sustainable development goals and leading institutions and figures in the field advocate for cheaper transaction costs. Remittances remained resilient during the financial crisis overall and growth continues in the aftermath. In this paper, cost of sending remittances from the United Kingdom, a major remittances source country, to a selected group of 10 developing countries is examined to understand the trends in prices. Results show that overall, in selected countries there is a declining tendency, while in certain corridors and by certain operators, the prices of remittances did not decline as desired. Hence, possibly billions of remittances pounds did not reach to those in grave need.
The Use of Virtual Currencies in Small-value Cross-border Remittances and its Implication
Authors: Choi Gongpil , Park Meeyoung , Park NaEun
Published: December 2018

Despite the efforts by regulatory authorities to promote the Fintech start-ups in the heavily regulated cross-border remittance market, its development has been slow and sporadic. The lingering uncertainty stems from a combination of factors: legacy infrastructures of silo-type for regulatory oversight, a nascent status of global guidelines on the use of virtual currencies, and lack of relevant compliance services for start-ups. This paper highlights the glaring gap of regulatory arbitrage in the use of sovereign fiat currency and its digital counterpart for the cross-border value transfer. Developing a balanced ecosystem via relevant legal, supervisory, and regulatory support should be prioritized before situation-driven fragmented and duplicate regulations are introduced.
Impact of Male Out-Migration on Women Left Behind: A Study of Two Villages in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Ruchi
Published: December 2018

Male out-migration is the most often adopted strategy in rural areas to surmount risks associated with agriculture and to diversify income. There are various reasons for the increased exodus of labor from rural areas, such as underdevelopment, unemployment, less availability of non-farm jobs and population pressure. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of male out-migrants. Male persistent absence has many repercussions on women left behind. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature on the impact of migration on women left behind. The current study tries to fill this void. The objective of the study is to look into various socioeconomic, psychological and political impacts of male out-migration on women left behind. To meet the objective, 100 women from migrant households were surveyed in two randomly selected villages of Uttar Pradesh using snowball methodology. The study found that the impact of male out-migration on women has both positive and negative facets. Migration has increased their household income, thereby increasing their social status in village. But economic gains are often offset by increased workload of women in household and agriculture. Although decision-making has empowered women, at the same time a lack of financial autonomy and an inability to take decisions on important matters impedes their empowerment. Insecurity and loneliness are other major issues, followed by a hindrance in access to entitlements. Women are more prone to physical, social and verbal abuse in the absence of men. Thus in order to reap positive benefits of out-migration, the government should empower women by providing them agriculture-related technical knowledge and should encourage a change in the mindset of communities.
The role of (foreign?) culture on consumer buying behaviour: What changes when living abroad?
Authors: Lichy Jessica , Pon Kevin
Published: December 2018

Contemporary notions of marketing - such as international subcultures, the Information Society and the global village - would lead us to believe that consumers have access to and consume an abundance of products from different countries. In the light of increasing standardisation by global corporations, it follows the assumption that there will be a gradual convergence in consumer behaviour. This study explores the consumer behaviour of Anglo-Saxons living in the Rhône-Alpes area of south-east France - with reference to country-of-origin (COO) effects when shopping for food produce. Building on studies of acculturation, the research sets out to explore the extent to which specific factors such as price, gender, age and length of residence in a foreign country may have an influence on consumer choice when purchasing groceries, in relation to the COO.
Effect of colour and relative product size (RPS) on consumer attitudes
Authors: Jain Varsha , Roy Subhadip , Pant Advita
Published: December 2018

Colour and visuals are used extensively by the advertisers of different product categories to attract consumer attention and create favourable attitude. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to explore the effect of colour and relative product size on the consumer attitudes incorporating the moderating role of product familiarity. An experimental design was used, with a sample size of 420 respondents of 18-25 years in a 3 (Product Size: Large/Med/Small) X 2 (Ad Colour: CL/BW) X 2 (Gender: Male/Female) full factorial design. The dependent variables were attitude towards the advertisement, attitude towards the brand and purchase intention with product familiarity as the moderating variable. Colour scheme of the ad was not found to have any effect on the consumers’ attitude, while medium size of the product relative to the ad size was found to be the most preferred option. Product familiarity was found to have significant moderating impact. Females were more influenced by the colour and picture size as compared with males. Implications for practitioners in designing ad content and layout are discussed.
CASE STUDY Utilizing the VFBOP model for entry into emerging markets: Grameen Danone Foods
Authors: Williams, Jr. Robert L. , Omar Maktoba
Published: December 2018

Emerging markets are extremely diverse and can require separate market entry and market development strategies. This paper will look at these opportunities through the lens of Value Flame at the Base of the Pyramid - VFBOP (Williams, et al., 2011). These concepts will be used to explore the potential of shifting paradigms in regard to emerging markets and to identify a leap in value for both consumers and producers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that transnational corporations should stop viewing profit potential from emerging markets coming solely from the traditional strategy of sourcing lower cost / higher quality products from these areas, but also increasing revenue and global market share by designing and selling offerings in collaboration with the market.
The Incubator Concept as an Entry Mode option for SME’s
Authors: Ulrich Anna Marie Dyhr , Hollensen Svend
Published: December 2018

The aim of this article is to investigate the relevance of an alternative entry mode, the incubator concept. Such an alternative entry mode like the so-called incubator is increasingly being used as a shortcut or bridge to a distant market. In-depth qualitative research on a selected case (Kelsen Group selling butter cookies to India) reveals the reasoning behind the entry mode choice of a company entering an emergent market (India). The incubator option provides the opportunity for a company to bridge the ‘gap’ between a low-control entry mode (e.g. importer or distributor) and high-control entry mode (e.g. wholly owned sales subsidiary), without involving too high risks and still keep a reasonable level of control.
Why Foreign Retail Grocery Stores Fail in South Korea: Propositions for Future Research
Authors: English David A.
Published: December 2018

International retailers have conducted business the South Korea since the Korean Government liberalized the retail market in 1996.  Some retailers have succeeded while others have failed. The author proposes further research on the failures of international retailers by examining the challenges of entering a foreign market.  Additionally, the author provides a brief history of international grocery retailers and literature on international retailing in South Korea.  The problems encountered by international retailers in South Korea were discussed.  The propositions for future research were as follows: factors that international retailers used to enter the market, steps taken to minimize the possible problems when entering the market, alternative market entry methods, methods for choosing the store format, problems discovered after market entry, and what research done to determine the preference of Korean consumers.
Card usage by Turks when travelling abroad: shopping and Transnationalisation
Authors: Özyer Yağmur , Değerli Başak , Değerli Alper , Gözükara Ebru
Published: December 2018

In the 21st century, great progress with information and communication technologies brought a dizzyingly fast transformation. It is possible to say that reflections on some terms like glocalization and transnationality, emerging as a natural consequence of this transformation, are increasingly important in this connected world where everything is lived and consumed fast. While technological improvements and social transformations are blurring the boundaries between countries, the scope of transportability is widening. In this process, consumer as a concept was also affected from this expansion and the term of “transnational consumer” is to become more popular. This period of change has also reduced the differences between domestic or local shopping experience from shopping abroad which used to be perceived as luxury that only high income group can afford. Addition to this, with the help of credit cards physical difficulties stemmed from holding cash faded away and this facilitated shopping abroad without the hassle of currency exchange in a different country market. In this study, credit and bank card usages in shopping and cash withdrawals by Turkish consumers abroad have been investigated to understand whether there are specific patterns or trends.
The Budding Aromas from Taco Trucks: Taste and Space in Austin, Texas
Authors: Lemon Robert D.
Published: December 2018

This paper evaluates how taste preferences produce space in Austin, Texas. Austin is a booming city. Indeed, it has been the fastest growing metro area in the United States for the past 20 years. It is also renowned for its evolving and enthralling food truck scene. Food trucks of all sorts spring up throughout the city. Some of the more innovative foods stem from gourmet trucks. And these trucks often become symbolic capital that spur gentrification. Other trucks, such as the traditional taco truck, are ensconced in marginalized neighborhoods. They feed the working masses of Mexicans who flock to Austin to find work. Certainly, the gourmet truck vendors experiment with food flavors; however, taco truck entrepreneurs are innovative as well. The taco truck cooks modify their menus to accommodate Austin’s shifting demographics. To this end, I argue Austin’s landscape transformation can be examined through cooking practices. This paper takes a close look at how immigrant cooks negotiate social spaces through the foods they make. In so doing, I interviewed two traditional taco truck owners about how they decide what to cook based on the social spaces in which they park their trucks. Surprisingly, their subtle choices reflect the changing culture and budding taste preferences of the city’s residents.
Editorial
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

In this issue of Transnational Marketing Journal, we are pleased to offer four articles covering issues from brand orientation and business performance within young firms to co-creation and challenges with technology in extending brands. Four articles look at different countries and mobility impact is a cross-cutting theme.