bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions for Creating the Learning Environment in the Multiethnic Space of the University
Authors: Sergeichik T. S.
Published: October 2020

The present research featured the psychological and pedagogical conditions that shape the learning environment in the multiethnic space at university. The article focuses on the methods and technologies that develop a multiethnic learning environment based on the psychological phenomena of leadership and group norms. These methods evolved from psychological theories of leadership, norm formation, and small group development. The article also describes how these methods and technologies can be implemented in practice in order to provide the most favorable environment in conditions of ethnic diversity. The technologies include directing leader’s activity and developing group norms. The first technology sets behavior patterns and develops personal qualities of the leader while attracting other students’ attention to his or her activities. The method of developing group norms includes instruction, group discussion, private counseling on intercultural issues, and teacher’s own role model. Methods and technologies for creating a favorable learning environment are based on the need to bring up an ethno-oriented personality. These methods affect psychological characteristics of students, especially those associated with the ability to modify one’s behavior for beneficial intercultural communication. In the context of the multicultural learning practice, the educational tasks of the selected technologies of psycho-pedagogical interaction are to immerse students in the cognitive multicultural process, thus using the multicultural environment of the university as a factor of self-development.
Description of Pictures by Russian-French Bilingual Children: Lexical and Grammatical Analysis
Authors: Boykova S. E.
Published: October 2020

This paper provides an analysis of French and Russian discourse produced by different types of bilingual children. The respondents were asked to describe a set of pictures using Russian and French reflexive and reciprocal verbs, as well as their irreflexive analogues from the other language. The respondents were natural bilinguals that lived in France in Russian-French or Russian families. The research followed the long-existing tradition of bilingual discourse studies via picture description. The check set included twenty-two pictures that featured a cat performing different actions. The speech contained verbs that matched the predicted use, their synonyms, and even other verbal constructions, e.g. passive or infinitive verb forms. Furthermore, children used one-member sentences that consisted of nouns or adverbs. In all cases, the children demonstrated a more advanced level of the French language than that of Russian. This followed from several indicators: lack of Russian comments, amount of incorrect or non-standard comments, and constant switching to French. French interference appeared more pronounced. As for reflexive verbs, the number of errors was insignificant both in Russian and French discourse.
Brazilian National Identity and the Notion of Brazil
Authors: Gurevich D. L.
Published: October 2020

The Portuguese word "Brazil" is a complex notion for bearers of Brazilian language identity. Not only does it include the name of the country but also a number of generic notions, one of which is primary with respect to the geographical name and others are secondary. The name of the country goes back to the word-combination pau brasil (mahogany). This secular name co-occurred with a sacral one, i.e. Terra de Santa Cruz. The secular variant survived in spite of the negative attitude it evoked in the first decades of its existence. Its further reassessment led to the formation of other notions that form the core of the semantic field "Brazil". The peculiar feature of this field is its early formation (mid XVII century) and early elaboration of various meanings that the word "Brazil" has retained up to now. The complex notion "Brazil", which includes such meanings as "mahogany", "country", "indigenous population", "territories", and "language", is so multifold due to its secular nature: the sacral name of Santa Cruz (Holy Cross) could not have been used in such a way.
Genre-and-Style Characteristics of Anna Gavalda’s Novella "Petites Pratiques Germanopratines" ("Peculiarities of Saint-Germain Boulevard")
Authors: Karpukhina T. P.
Published: October 2020

The present research featured short stories by Anna Gavalda, a contemporary French writer. The research objective was to define the genre and style of Petites Pratiques Germanopratines (Peculiarities of Saint-Germain Boulevard) published in Gavalada’s collection of novellas entitled Je Voudrais Que Quelqu’un M’attende Quelque Part (I wish somebody were waiting for me somewhere). The novella demonstrated features common to this type of narration: small volume; few characters; focus on their everyday private life and a singular event that changes it; dramatic nature of the plot development; peripeteia and a manifestly expressed culminating point resulting in a denouement that defeats the reader’s expectancy; prosaically neutral style of narration achieved by the use of neutral and literary-colloquial lexical units, etc. Alongside the typical features, the research revealed some specific characteristics that manifested themselves in the novella under analysis: first-person narrative; elements of psychology introduced into narration, e.g. inner monologues of the protagonist or her inner dialogue with a prospective interlocutor; limited time-and-space composition; cinematic type of dynamic narrative; motifs of road and accidental encounter; antithesis underlying the basic themes embedded in the plot structure; abundance of precedent and toponymic names and artistic details; diversity of linguistic means used to organize the narration and describe the inner world of the protagonist.
The Emotional Component in K. Kesey's "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"
Authors: Monastyrskaya E. A.
Published: October 2020

The research objective was to study the negative emotional background as a component of the linguistic world image in "One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest" by Ken Kesey. The research featured the lexical means that make up the emotional background of the novel. The author used field method and the method of vocabulary definitions, as well as componential, linguistic, and contextual analyses. The field method and the componential analysis helped to structure the linguistic world image of the work according to invariant lexical meanings. "Negative emotion" appeared to be the archiseme of the text. The nuclear elements of the linguistic world image were formed with the vocabulary of emotions. They were united into three groups: fear, rage, and hate. The peripheral elements were represented by emotional vocabulary. They displayed ways of expressing and perceiving emotions, as well as mental and emotional conditions. The characters of Nurse Ratched, Randle McMurphy, patients, and asylum personnel were the denotative universals of the novel. Methods of vocabulary definitions, linguistic comparison, and contextual analysis revealed the meaning structure of the lexical units and specific features of the emotional background. The linguistic reality created by K. Kesey proved to be based on antithesis. Emotive text elements did not merely express the archiseme "negative emotion" but could also be united into groups with opposite semantic features, which made the text more vivid and emotional. The research results can be used in professional linguistic studies and university courses.
Sea surface temperature changes due to polar lows over the Nordic Seas
Authors:   Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Golubkin Pavel A. , Smirnova Julia E. ,   Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Kolyada Vsevolod S. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Published: October 2020

In this study possible changes in sea surface temperature (SST) caused by passage of polar lows and analyzed. Polar lows are extreme atmospheric phenomena inherent to high latitudes. They develop sea surface wind speeds from 15 m/s up to hurricane force values and are characterized by small sizes (on average, 300 km) and lifetimes (less than two days), which complicates their detection and studies. It is assumed that as in case of tropical cyclones, which may considerably lower SST due to intense mixing and entrainment of colder waters to the ocean upper mixed layer, polar lows could similarly influence SST. Moreover, in the high latitude areas, where salt stratification may be present instead of temperature stratification, SST may increase due to mixing with deeper warmer layer. In this study 330 polar lows were analyzed using satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements of SST. In result, 47 cases when average SST values changed in polar low forcing areas were found. Out of these cases, in six cases SST increase of at least 0.5 °С was found, and in fifteen cases SST decrease of at least 0.5 °С was found. This indicates that upper ocean response to polar lows is quite rare phenomenon, which should be further analyzed along with its possible role in the ocean-ice-atmosphere system.
Origin of the coarse-grained (> 1 cm) clasts from the Mendeleev Ridge area (Central Arctic Ocean)
Authors:   VNIIOkeangeologia, Krylov Alexey A. ,   St Petersburg State University,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Matthiessen Jens ,   Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Seung Il Nam ,   Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Division of Polar Paleoenvironment, Stein Ruediger ,   Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research,   MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bazhenova Evgenia A. ,   St Petersburg State University, Mirolubova Elena S. ,   VNIIOkeangeologia, Gusev Evgeny A. ,   VNIIOkeangeologia, Malyshev Sergey A. ,   VNIIOkeangeologia,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Makarov Alexander S. ,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Published: October 2020

The morphometric and petrographic characteristics of the coarse-grained clasts (> 1 cm) sampled from the sediments of the Amerasian Basin, Central Arctic Ocean, were studied. Most of the clasts are represented by dolomites (46,4%), sandstones (22,8%) and limestones (19,8%); the amount of other rocks fragments (chert, shale, igneous) is about 10%. A variety of lithological types were identified among the studied rock fragments. Limestones and dolomitic limestones often contain fragments of fauna. The majority of clasts is poorly rounded and characterized by a wide variety of shapes. More than half of the studied clasts have a size of 1-2 cm, a quarter - 2-3 cm, and larger clasts only occur in insignificant amounts. Geophysical surveys across the sampling sites showed a lack of bedrock outcrops, so the studied coarse-grained clasts are not of local origin. It is concluded that they were predominantly delivered from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (likely from the platform area, e.g., Victoria Island), mainly due to iceberg rafting during deglaciation periods. The maximum possible contribution of the clasts from the Siberian sources is less than 23%. Distribution of the coarse-grained clasts argues for the existence of a quite stable ice drift path in the past, which is similar to the modern Beaufort Gyre.
Krise of quality education in the digital economy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dudnik Sergei I. , Маrkov Вoris V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2020

Today in the market of educational services, the winner is the one who wins in the fight for ratings.The question of cost and performance must be discussed in a broader context, namely to take into account that education is an essential part of social capital, which ensures success in international competition. Therefore, the savings on education in the long run leads to delays and loss of influence. Management, based on the digital divide is not a panacea. The article sets the task of analyzing the transformation of education in the digital age: 1) The identification of the causes of the crisis in the education system; secondly, the analysis of online courses as tools of modern educational spaces; 2) The impact of electronic educational technologies on the actors of the educational process; fourthly, the updating of teaching practices of meaning, based on understanding the individual learner and teacher; 3) For the development of the reflective experience of new educational programs they must be supplemented with hermeneutic and semiotic teaching techniques that contribute to understanding the meaning and provide live interpersonal communication; 4) Enhancement of the productivity of education through the introduction of digital technologies is accompanied by the strengthening of electronic control and management; 5) It is necessary to create a pedagogical atmosphere in which freedom, responsibility, trust, and friendship is cultivated.
Perverse heroism. Vyacheslav Ivanov’s dialogue with Nietzsche
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Lechowska Marta
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyse the theoretical base of tragic culture in the writings of F. Nietzsche and V. I. Ivanov. The result of the proposed analysis is the comparison of similarities and differences concerning the cultural role of tragedy in the philosophy of mentioned authors. The philosophers — Nietzsche, the implacable enemy of the historical Christianity and Ivanov, the Christian philosopher of culture, philologist and translator — both postulate creating and preserving tragic culture. According to both authors, the main task of culture is to confront the human being with the most terrible aspects of life. This ruthless requirement allows us to claim that perverse heroism is a general mood and the most important imperative of Nietzsche’s and Ivanov’s philosophy of culture. The imperative to preserve the tragic principle in culture is in fact an imperative to become a superhuman. The starting point of the analysis is the theorem of Nietzsche who defines a tragic worldview as the opposite of a theoretical one. The essence of the theoretical approach is an overlooking of the tragic dimension of life, which allows man to establish a coherent, justified and safe picture of the world. The tragic approach, emphasizing the inevitability of suffering and the lack of metaphysical foundation, opposes the optimism of the theoretical one. Ivanov, as Nietzsche, was fascinated with Dionysian idea but he interpreted it quite differently. The Russian author accepted Dionysus not as the opposite, but as a prefiguration of Christ. Thus, he drew attention to the presence of the tragic moment in Christianity. The height of Ivanov’s dispute with Nietzsche is a completely different interpretation of the idea of superhuman, which presents a totally different understanding of self-transgression and vastly different value systems.
Anthropological turn in worldview studies: Theoretical and practical aspects
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lvov Alexander A.
Published: October 2020

The concept of worldview is quite ambiguous in modern humanities. Philosophers and scholars insist that there is such a spiritual or cognitive basis of each people, person or language, which finds its expression in the way they behave, think, or speak. Current Russian-speaking colleagues hold that there are different levels or types of worldview (such as mythological, religious, and scientific). All this testifies that the term of worldview lacks preciseness either in Russian and in foreign discourse. The main task of the article is to justify the possibility of a different approach to the study of worldview as a special phenomenon. The question can be raised of what exactly we analyze when dealing with worldview. The author is convinced that it would be better to work with the concept of worldview not as “what”, but rather as “how”. In developing his argument, the author focuses on three main aspects of the issue: (1) the accuracy in describing and conceiving worldview as the issue of philosophy; (2) the historical and contemporary examples of the worldview typology; (3) the refutation of such a dichotomy of “science — worldview” and the proposal of an integrated approach to the issue. The alternative way advocated by modern and classical authors is to turn to a more theoretically fruitful method of studying worldviews, that is, to the anthropological perspective.
Working time reduction as the factor of solving retirement conflict
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Zolotov Alexander V. , Popov Mikhail V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Lomov Vitaly A. ,   Taberia Consulting Inc
Published: October 2020

One of the main sources of social economic tension in Russian society became the promotion and acceptance in 2018 of the bill on retirement age increase initiated by the government. Conflict of the created situation expressed itself in a great number of protest meetings in the country againstpension reform. The aim of the article is to give a foundation of the effective way of solving the conflict caused by such reform. For this purpose its influence upon social economic state of labor relations sides is analyzed, the experience of retirement age increase in Germany and France is investigated, the perspective of solving the appeared conflict is defined. Dialectical method as the one which allows to discover the contradictions of the labor relation sides interests is realized. Table method of tendencies analysis in time worked dynamics in economically developed countries is used, the differentiation of workers age cohorts for the evaluation of the consequences of retirement reform is applied. It is found that the main source of retirement conflict in Russia is the degradation of workers position in connection with the growth of the time worked per working life in comparison with the cohort that retired before the reform. By the analysis of the innovate foreign experience the possibility of connection of retirement age increase, on the one hand, and the total number of hours worked per life, on the other hand, is discovered. It is shown that this possibility is the result of the regularity of the working time reduction which is inherent to the modern economy. The role of transition to the six hours working day in Russia as the effective way of solving retirement conflict without rejection of retirement age increase is revealed.
Neither conflict, no concord: Performing ideology in contemporary Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Loginov Aleksei V. , Rudenkin Dmitry V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: October 2020

Authors interpret the results achieved by analyzing the content of Russian political parties’ manifestos that managed to enter the State Duma after 2011 and 2016 elections. Our conceptual framework is based on Immanuel Wallerstein’s assumption that only three ideologies—liberalism, conservatism and socialism — were the key ones to 20 th century experience and, hence, that any particular ideology might be reduced to that list. Firstly, we build a matrix of content analysis to analyze texts of officially published political parties’ programs. As a result we could show that values at the core of any program at any stage were hybrid in nature and that there was increase in liberal rhetoric in 2016. Further we interpret the empirical results by applying both classical (M. Seliger) and modern (J. Schwartzmantel) models of ideology. By using Seliger’s conception of ideology we demonstrate that our political parties choose not to defend the coherent value core of their programs in order to fulfill ‘technical’ task of generating sufficient electoral support. Schwartzmantel’s idea that neo-liberalism as a “classical” state-oriented ideology is attacked by a plenty of non-classical, network-organized ideologies nowadays does not fit our reality, because there is no. pronounced opposition between neo-liberal and critical political discourses. Thus, we argue there is no. normative foundation either for conflict or concord among ideological projects and, moreover, that ideological struggle on the Russian political arena has left classical political domain. It requires social sciences to renew its methodological implements for analyzing ideology properly, while philosophy faces with self-description challenge.
Russia and China in the field of international tourism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Matveevskaya Anna S. , Pogodin Sergey N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Wang Jun Tao ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: October 2020

International tourism is an instrument of diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic cooperation of states that have realized the importance of international relation trend in the modern world. This is stipulated by the elevation of the role of tourism for the world economy and interstate diplomacy, for social and economic living conditions of the population, the formation of a state’s identity in the international arena, for improving a country’s reputation, and participation in foreign policy as a whole. The most dynamically developing region of the world economy is Northeast Asia, which has become a region with the greatest potential for development of the world tourism industry. Russia and China are superpowers in Northeast Asia and are rich in tourism resources and markets that will play an important role in the future global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive coverage of important events in the field of cooperation in tourism between China and Russia, to form a holistic picture of cooperation between the two countries in the tourism industry. The main method of research is analysis — aspects of the current international situation in the field of tourism are considered, and a detailed review of the situation of Russia and China as tourist destinations is conducted. The work was carried out on the basis of studying and using fundamental national and international research in the following scientific areas: mechanism of international cooperation between the two countries in international tourism, prescribed in treaties and agreements; Russian territories attractive to Chinese tourists; development of joint tourist routes. The results of the study showed that with regular contact between people from the two countries it is possible to create favorable conditions for cooperation and to achieve truly mutually beneficial results. Collaboration and cooperation of the states, national organizations on tourism development, makes it possible to increase the incomes of the states, attracting foreign capitals, and partially reorient the economy and legislation to attract foreign tourists. Successful diplomatic negotiations, and maintenance of a stable peaceful existence of the world community, promotes the expansion of the tourism sphere that positively influences the economy and development of culture in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.
Dynamic risk assessment of drought disaster: a case study of Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Ai Ping , Chen Binbin , Yuan Dingbo , Hong Min , Liu Hongwei
Published: October 2020

The dynamic risk assessment of drought is crucial in the transition from the crisis management model to the risk management model, which can reveal the evolution mechanism of drought disasters. Due to a lack of data and research perspectives, most current studies are still based on static risk assessment. This study proposes a conceptual model for the dynamic risk assessment of droughts based on the probability of their occurrence and potential impacts. The developed dynamic risk index considers the hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity for drought mitigation. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each indicator in the model. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the integration of four elements of drought disasters with spatiotemporal characteristics. Jiangxi Province, which is frequently affected by drought, was selected as the study area to validate the proposed model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model rapidly reflects the degree of drought disaster risk caused by drought events and the influencing factors at monthly and annual scales. Moreover, the datasets based on the influencing factors of drought disasters in different regions have a good commonality in the proposed model.
Effective removal of paracetamol in compound parabolic collectors and fixed bed reactors under natural sunlight
Authors: Chekir N. , Tassalit D. , Benhabiles O. , Sahraoui N. , Mellal M.
Published: October 2020

Removal of persistent organic pollutants from water is quite challenging using biological treatment processes in waste water treatment plants. In order to improve the wastewater treatment quality for water reuse, many techniques are developed and the most commonly used is heterogeneous photocatalysis. This work studies the degradation of paracetamol (PAR), which is one of the most persistent pharmaceutical drugs in water, and widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug in Algeria. The paracetamol degradation has been carried out via heterogeneous photocatalysis, in a suspended solution of catalyst using a Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPC) reactor and in a fixed bed with immobilized catalyst under natural solar radiation. The degradation performance has been studied under various parameters such as substrate concentration and pH of solution. The degradation efficiency decreased when the initial paracetamol concentration increased from 2.5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. In addition, the selected reactors were found to be competent for the paracetamol degradation with an almost 98–99% removal of PAR. For the CPC reactor with suspended TiO2, the paracetamol elimination reached 98% after 300 min; however, for the ﬁxed-bed reactor, TiO2 immobilized on cellulose-based paper was utilized, which yielded an almost 99% reduction in the PAR concentration after 90 min only of solar irradiation.
Modifiye Görsel Manyetik Rezonans Derecelendirme Skalası’nın Alzheimer Hastalığında Kullanımı ve Kognitif Gerileme ile İlişkisi
Authors: POLAT Burcu , HELVACI YILMAZ Nesrin , BİLGİN Sabriye , HANOĞLU Lütfü
Published: October 2020

Amaç: Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) araştırmaları için daha ileri nörogörüntüleme teknikleri geliştirilmiş olsa da, yapısal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) AH’nin klinik tanısında önemini korumaktadır. Birçok parametreyi değerlendiren kapsamlı görsel MRG derecelendirme ölçeklerinin, hastalığın kognitif ve davranışsal görünümleriyle ilişkisi yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Modifiye Görsel Manyetik Rezonans Derecelendirme Skalası’nın (MGMRDS) 7 alt bölümünün, AH tanısı almış hastaların demografik, kognitif ve davranışsal verileri ile korelasyonunu değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif çalışmamıza beyin MRG ve nöropsikometrik test (NPT) verileri olan, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı (DSM-IV-TR) ölçütleri ile Ulusal Nörolojik ve İletişimsel Bozukluklar ve İnme Enstitüsü & Alzheimer Hastalığı ve İlişkili Bozukluklar Derneği (NINCDS–ADRDA) kriterleri temelinde AH tanısı almış, 50 yaş ve üzeri toplam 42 hasta dahil edildi. Beyin MRG verileri, hasta yaş, cinsiyet ve tanı verilerine kör bir nöroradyolog tarafından MGMRDS kullanılarak değerlendirildi. MGMRDS verilerinin kognitif ve davranışsal test sonuçlarıyla korelasyonu incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların %61,9’u kadın, yaş ortalaması 75,19±9,26 (53–92) yıl idi. Ortalama eğitim süresi 5,02±4,84 (0–15) yıl, ortalama hastalık süresi 4,52±2,94 yıldı. Ortalama Mini Mental Durum Testi skoru 18,51±5,43 (4–30) iken, ortalama Klinik Demans Derecelendirmesi (KDD) skoru 1,07±0,42 (0,5–2,0) idi. Sulkal atrofi puanları uzun süreli hatırlama ve yüz tanıma ile negatif korele idi; ventriküler atrofi skorları ise öğrenme puanları, meyve–insan ve yüz tanıma değişkenleri ile ters korelasyon gösterdi. Anlık hatırlama, öğrenme puanı, kendiliğinden hatırlama, meyve–insan ve KDD değişkenleri ile mediyal temporal atrofi değişkeni arasında anlamlı ilişki gözlendi. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Beyin MRG’ye dayalı görsel derecelendirme skalaları kullanmak, demans değerlendirmelerinde tanıyı doğrulayıcı, ucuz ve pratik bir yaklaşımdır. MGMRDS, kognitif (yürütücü işlevler, bellek, dikkat, dil) verilerle de anlamlı korelasyon göstermektedir. Bu ölçeği daha geniş hasta gruplarında değişik kognitif bozukluklarda değerlendirecek çalışmalar klinik açıdan faydalı olacaktır.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment and Their Effects on the Success of Surgery
Authors: KALDIRIM Havva , ÇAKIR Mehmet , YILMAZ Ömer
Published: October 2020

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgical treatment for pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD) and evaluate the effects of these characteristics on the success of the surgery. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 eyes of 60 patients who were diagnosed with PRD at the Retina Section of the 1st Eye Clinic of the Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital between February 2006 and January 2009. Demographic and pre-, peri- and postoperative clinical data of the patients were recorded. Results: The mean patient age was 58.45±14.91 years. Of the patients, 46 (76.7%) were male and 14 (23.3%) were female. Fifty-two (86.6%) patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery, 1 (1.6%) planned extracapsular cataract extraction, 1 (1.6%) intracapsular cataract extraction, 3 (5%) refractive clear lens extraction, and 3 (5%) lens extraction with irrigation/aspiration for diagnosed pediatric cataract. Twenty-two (36.6%) patients underwent posterior chamber lens implantation in the capsule, 32 (53.3%) posterior chamber lens implantation in the sulcus, 4 (6.6%) anterior chamber lens implantation, and 2 (3.3%) scleral-fixated lens implantation. In 44 (73%) patients, the posterior capsule integrity was impaired. A tear was detected in 27 (45%) patients during the preoperative retinal examination and in 18 (30%) patients during the surgery. No tear was detected in 15 (25%) of the patients. To treat the patients, four different surgical procedures were performed depending on factors including the proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) stage, condition of the lens and posterior capsule, and location of the retinal tear: 360-degree scleral encircling band + local explant (Group I), 360-degree scleral encircling band + pars plana vitrectomy + tamponade (Group 2), 360-degree scleral encircling band + pars plana vitrectomy + intraocular lens removal + tamponade (Group III), and 23G pars plana vitrectomy + tamponade (Group IV). The mean follow-up was 18.3±5.2 (6–32) months. At the last follow-up visits, anatomical success was achieved in 58 (96.6%) of the 60 patients while 17 (32%) showed functional success. The functional success rate was higher in patients in the early stages (up to C1) of PVR (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: According to our findings, PVR stage is directly related to anatomical and functional success in PRD. Surgical treatment is more successful in PRD patients with early-stage PVR.
Effects of Amputation Level on Hospital Costs and Length of Hospital Stay in Diabetic Foot Disease
Authors: ERGİN Ömer , ŞAHİN Koray , KOCAZEYBEK Emre , YILDIRIM Ahmet , ÖZTÜRK İrfan
Published: October 2020

Aim: Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and also represents a considerable financial burden to society. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of amputation level on hospital costs and length of hospital stay in patients with DFD who were treated with major amputations.

Materials and Methods: Data of 72 patients who were hospitalized and underwent major amputations after a DFD diagnosis at our hospital between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. According to the level of amputation performed, three patient groups were identified: below-knee amputation (BKA) group, above-knee amputation (AKA) group, and two-stage (first BKA and then AKA) amputation (TSA) group. Data on hospital costs and length of hospital stay were reviewed. Hospital costs were evaluated under four categories: drug costs, resource/material costs, examination/treatment costs, and total costs. Results were compared with Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance.

Results: The BKA, AKA, and TSA groups consisted of 50 (25 males, 25 females), 11 (10, 1), and 11 (9, 2) patients, with a median patient age of 66, 64, and 66 years, respectively. For the BKA, AKA, and TSA groups, the median drug cost was $1,058, $1,072, and $2,240, the median resource/material cost was $223, $405, and $1,349, the median examination/treatment cost was $2,628, $2,405, and $3,587, the median total cost was $4,612, $5,832, and $6,848, and the median length of hospital stay was 35 days, 33 days, and 63 days, respectively. In terms of all cost categories and length of hospital stay, no statistically significant difference was found between the three groups (p>0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion: In DFD patients treated with major amputations, amputation level does not appear to make a significant difference in the amount of hospital costs and length of hospital stay.
Using the Lecturer’s Training Site with a Conscious Approach to Learning Russian as a Foreign Language
Authors: Marchuk S. V.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the productivity of using the lecturer’s training web-site of Russian as a foreign language in the preparatory courses at the University. Lecturer’s training website is an effective means stipulated with principal of consciousness and activity of scholars under the guidance of a lecturer. Training web-site as informative and communicative instrument is able to combine didactic matter, learning techniques and methods for different forms of work organization: full-time, mixed and distance; also, didactic material means educational complexes, information and communication means, control and training. An important principle underlying the proposed teaching method is the refusal to use the methods of unconscious repetition.

Materials and methods. To identify the ef fectiveness in application of lecturer’s training web-site various educational platforms were used having different target and national groups. The analysis of studies on mechanical repetitions of well-known physiologists, biologists, lecturers was carried out, which allowed us to come to the conclusion about the ineffectiveness of using techniques with unconscious repetitions in the educational process. Systematic use of lecturer’s web-site in educational process shows that most effective methods and techniques are audio-visual, textual exercises from simple to complex with further audio dubbing, audio method of teaching phonetics and literacy, “lively dialogue” as a new technique in teaching Russian for foreigners, vocabulary works and differentiated approach. Observation, comparison and matching methods were applied, which helped to identify the productivity of learning with the use of multimedia. To identify scientific novelty, an empirical method was used by introducing author’s personal educational web-site project www.russian-teacher.ru with a description of observations and summarizing the results.

Results. It is noted that the offered website format is innovation in the field of teaching Russian for foreigners during preparatory course. It was proved with high positive result that the use of a lecturer’s personal training website with the possibility of feedback gives good results when teaching Russian as a foreign language in a short time  at the nonlinguistic university during the period of distance learning, with a mixed form of education.

Conclusion. Research using the site continues in different groups by nationality (it is possible that there are several linguistic ones), by the number (it is possible to train a group of up to 15 people), by the degree of preparation (possibly A1-B1). The site has a number of advantages: the ability to edit as needed, change the interface and generate content. The study shows how didactics is interconnected with physiology, and the lecturer’s competence includes creativity, which in modern informational conditions is considered through the use of multimedia the lecturer’s training personal website www. russian-teacher.ru.
Felt Authenticity and Demonstrating Transformational Leadership in Faith Communities
Authors: Sosik John J. , Zhu Weichun , Blair Anthony L.
Published: October 2020

This study examined relations between felt authenticity and transformational leadership behaviors of 184 Christian faith community leaders. Felt authenticity was examined across 4 roles associated with transformational leadership behaviors: inspirational motivation in the visionary leader role, idealized influence in the positive role model role, intellectual stimulation in the champion of change role, and individualized consideration in the coach and mentor role. These roles were generally found to be positively related to specific behaviors of transformational leadership required for the role. Results also indicated that leaders exhibit different levels of transformational leadership behaviors within the same role with general consistency across roles.
We Have Built it but They Have Not Come: Preliminary Assessment of a Minor in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sype Gail E.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes the history and content of a minor in entrepreneurship within the College of Business at a Midwestern (U.S.A.) university. This minor was developed to encourage entrepreneurial development within the region. Enrollment in the minor has been very low. Literature related to the “liability of newness” (Stinchcombe, 1965) and on social capital formation and its influence on new venture success will be reviewed. Recommendations are made for possible program changes.
EPISTEMIC BELIEFS ON FIELD-DEPENDENT AND FIELD-INDEPENDENT LEARNING STYLE
Authors: Ghufron M Nur , Suminta Rini Risnawita
Published: October 2020

Research in contemporary education over the past few decades has led to considering the influence of non-cognitive factors such as learning styles in various learning behaviors. This study aims to examine the influence of the epistemic beliefs that consist of belief in knowledge and belief in learning on field-dependent and field-independent learning styles. The sample consisted of 129 students at the Early Childhood Islamic Education Study Program, Department of Islamic Education, Kudus State Islamic Institute through the simple random sampling technique. The data collection technique was through the use of questionnaires. There are three scales employed in this study, namely epistemological trust scale, dependent learning style and independent learning style. Data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that the belief in learning has a significant and positive effect on the field-dependent and field-independent learning style. Meanwhile, the belief in learning has only a significant and negative effect on the field-independent learning style and has no significant effect on field-dependent learning style. The results provide some insightful considerations regarding the utilization of epistemic beliefs for improving learners’ interaction with the surrounding context to obtain an optimal academic performance.
SCHOOL STRATEGIES IN STRENGTHENING STUDENT RESILIENCE IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS
Authors: Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Nahdi Khirjan , Aswasulasikin Aswasulasikin , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Rukiyati Rukiyati , Sholikhah Ebny
Published: October 2020

Resilience is needed by students who live in disaster-prone areas. With strong resilience, students can implement disaster mitigation. This study aims to describe the profile of students' resilience and the strategies carried out by students in strengthening personal resilience. The mixed method research approach was conducted on a research population of SMA/SMK in Lombok Regency, specifically North Lombok, East Lombok, and West Lombok. The respondents were 779 people from 10 schools in disaster-prone areas determined by the Slovin formula. Student resilience profiles were explored according to Reivich and Shatte. Data on how teachers increase students’ resilience were obtained from a focus group discussion (FGD) with 20 teachers from 10 schools. The results of the research prove that the personal resilience profile of students in Lombok from the seven aspects is still not optimal, which is not enough to form resilience personalities (less than 60%). This study affirms that personal resilience is essential in building school resilience to provide a massive contribution to education and disaster mitigation. Regarding recommendations for schools to increase student resilience, it can be done by increasing resilience resources, strengthening social support, having resilient teachers, building resilient school, all aspects of which must work systemically and synergistically.
THE AQUARES MODEL: DOES IT HAVE IMPACT ON IMPROVING PERSONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?
Authors: Susanto Ermawan , Sukoco Pamuji , Suharjana Suharjana
Published: October 2020

Accidents in swimming pools which involve drowning are more likely to happen in Indonesia. Cases of accidents in swimming pools might indicate that there may be lack of  responsibility among the swimmers. Therefore, there is a need to improve this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Aquares model developed from Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) theory, on the students’ responsibility in swimming lessons. This study used an experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was students of grade four with a sample of 60 students taken through cluster random sampling. The Tool for Assessing Responsibility-Based Education (TARE) was the instrument used to measure personal and social responsibility. The paired sample t-test analysis showed that there is a significant impact of the Aquares model on the increase of the students’ personal and social responsibility. Aspect of the increased responsibility include: respect, participation, self-direction, caring, and role model. The Aquares model applied in this study provides a strong framework for creating a meaningful and responsible environment for learning.
Developing English reading and writing materials for Automotive Engineering program in vocational high school
Authors: Lestari Endang , Priyana Joko
Published: October 2020

The aims of this study are: (1) to identify the needs of grade 11 students of Automotive Engineering Study Program in learning  reading and writing, and (2) to develop appropriate English reading and writing learning materials. This is research and development that employed Jolly and Bolitho’s model (1998) with some adaptation. The procedure of the development consists of conducting needs analysis, designing the syllabus, developing learning materials, expert judgment, conducting field testing, and materials evaluation. The subject of the research were 64 grade XI students of TKR (Light Vehicle Engineering) at VHS 1 of Purworejo. The instruments used to collect the qualitative and quantitative data are questionnaires, interview guide, and observation sheet. The quantitative data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data were analyzed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s data model (2014), namely data condensation, data display, and data conclusion.  The needs analysis data indicate that in learning reading, the students want to learn simple instructions and vocabulary items relevant to the automotive field. They also want to learn to write letters and create simple reports that are relevant to automotive field. Regarding the theoretical validation, the appropriateness of learning materials is categorized “very good” according to the expert with the mean score of 3.48 (in the interval 3.28 £ x £ 4). The appropriateness of the learning materials is categorized “very good” according to the students, with the score of 3.54 (in the interval 3.28 £ x £ 4).  In general, the developed learning materials are appropriate for grade 11 students of the Automotive Engineering Study Program of VHS 1 of Purworejo.
Vaccipack, A Mobile App to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescents Aged 11 to 14 Years: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Teitelman Anne M , Gregory Emily F , Jayasinghe Joshua , Wermers Zara , Koo Ja H , Morone Jennifer F , Leri Damien C , Davis Annet , Feemster Kristen A
Published: October 2020

Background

More than 90% of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers could be prevented by widespread uptake of the HPV vaccine, yet vaccine use in the United States falls short of public health goals.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the development, acceptability, and intention to use the mobile app Vaccipack, which was designed to promote uptake and completion of the adolescent HPV vaccine series.

Methods

Development of the mobile health (mHealth) content was based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). The technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to guide the app usability evaluation. App design utilized an iterative process involving providers and potential users who were parents and adolescents. App features include a vaccine-tracking function, a discussion forum, and stories with embedded messages to promote intention to vaccinate. Parents and adolescents completed surveys before and after introducing the app in a pediatric primary care setting with low HPV vaccination rates.

Results

Surveys were completed by 54 participants (20 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years and 34 parents). Notably, 75% (15/20) of adolescents and 88% (30/34) of parents intended to use the app in the next 2 weeks. Acceptability of the app was high among both groups: 88% (30/34) of parents and 75% (15/20) of adolescents indicated that Vaccipack was easy to use, and 82% (28/34) of parents and 85% (17/20) of adolescents perceived the app to be beneficial. Higher levels of app acceptability were found among parents with strong intentions to use the app (P=.09; 95% CI –2.15 to 0.15).

Conclusions

mHealth technology, such as Vaccipack, may be an acceptable and nimble platform for providing information to parents and adolescents and advancing the uptake of important vaccines.