bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violência e povos indígenas na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Silva Frederico Augusto Barbosa da , Lunelli Isabella Cristina
Published: January 2024

O texto discute a violência contra os povos indígenas (PIs) no Brasil, caracterizada pela dinâmica histórica de ocupação territorial do país e da construção das instituições nacionais. Contrapondo mitos de cidadania e igualdade, o artigo explora as complexas camadas de significado por trás dessas violências, trazendo conceitos como etnocídio e necropolítica. Dividido em três partes, abrange aspectos gerais, indicadores quantitativos e um caso específico de violência: o assassinato de Bruno Pereira e Dom Phillips que exemplifica a teia de significados e subjetividades que permeiam as interconexões dos fenômenos e a multiplicidade de perspectivas envolvidas. Destaca-se a ideologia integracionista como uma sombra persistente, enfatizando a atualidade da violência política contra os indígenas na Amazônia.
The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
Authors: Beard Corey , Robertson Paul , Dai Fei , Holcomb Rae , Lubin Jack , Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Batalha Natalie M. , Blunt Sarah , Crossfield Ian , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin , Howard Andrew W. , Huber Dan , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Nowak Grzegorz , Petigura Erik A , Roy Arpita , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Weiss Lauren M. , Barrena Rafael , Behmard Aida , Brinkman Casey L. , Carleo Ilaria , Chontos Ashley , Dalba Paul A. , Fetherolf Tara , Giacalone Steven , Hill Michelle L. , Kawauchi Kiyoe , Korth Judith , Luque Rafael , MacDougall Mason G. , Mayo Andrew W. , Močnik Teo , Morello Giuseppe , Murgas Felipe , Orell-Miquel Jaume , Palle Enric , Polanski Alex S. , Rice Malena , Scarsdale Nicholas , Tyler Dakotah , Van Zandt Judah
Published: January 2024

We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s−1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m

b−g
=

3.50

−
0.7

+
0.8

,

6.32

−
1.3

+
1.1

,

8.35

−
1.6

+
1.8

,

6.07

−
1.01

+
1.09

,

9.7

−
3.7

+
3.9

,

5.6

−
3.2

+
4.1

M
⊕). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.
Collapsar Gamma-Ray Bursts Grind Their Black Hole Spins to a Halt
Authors: Jacquemin-Ide Jonatan , Gottlieb Ore , Lowell Beverly , Tchekhovskoy Alexander
Published: January 2024

The spin of a newly formed black hole (BH) at the center of a massive star evolves from its natal value due to two competing processes: accretion of gas angular momentum that increases the spin and extraction of BH angular momentum by outflows that decreases the spin. Ultimately, the final, equilibrium spin is set by a balance between both processes. In order for the BH to launch relativistic jets and power a γ-ray burst (GRB), the BH magnetic field needs to be dynamically important. Thus, we consider the case of a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) driving the spin evolution of the BH. By applying the semianalytic MAD BH spin evolution model of Lowell et al. to collapsars, we show that if the BH accretes ∼20% of its initial mass, its dimensionless spin inevitably reaches small values, a ≲ 0.2. For such spins, and for mass accretion rates inferred from collapsar simulations, we show that our semianalytic model reproduces the energetics of typical GRB jets, L
jet ∼ 1050 erg s−1. We show that our semianalytic model reproduces the nearly constant power of typical GRB jets. If the MAD onset is delayed, this allows powerful jets at the high end of the GRB luminosity distribution, L
jet ∼ 1052 erg s−1, but the final spin remains low, a ≲ 0.3. These results are consistent with the low spins inferred from gravitational wave detections of binary BH mergers. In a companion paper by Gottlieb et al., we use GRB observations to constrain the natal BH spin to be a ≃ 0.2.
Bright z ∼ 9 Galaxies in Parallel: The Bright End of the Rest-frame UV Luminosity Function from HST Parallel Programs
Authors: Bagley Micaela B. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Rojas-Ruiz Sofía , Diekmann James , Finkelstein Keely D. , Song Mimi , Papovich Casey , Somerville Rachel S. , Baronchelli Ivano , Dai 戴 Y. Sophia 昱
Published: January 2024

The abundance of bright galaxies at z > 8 can provide key constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution, as the predicted abundance varies greatly when different physical prescriptions for gas cooling and star formation are implemented. We present the results of a search for bright z ∼ 9–10 galaxies selected from pure parallel Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging programs. We include 132 fields observed as part of the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies survey, the Hubble Infrared Pure Parallel Imaging Extragalactic Survey, and the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel survey. These observations cover a total of 620 arcmin2, about 70% of which is also covered with Spitzer Space Telescope infrared imaging. We identify 13 candidate galaxies in the range 8.3 < z < 11 with 24.5 < m

H
< 26.5 (−22.9 < M
UV < −21.2), 11 of which constitute new discoveries. This sample capitalizes on the uncorrelated nature of pure parallel observations to overcome cosmic variance and leverages a full multiwavelength selection process to minimize contamination without sacrificing completeness. We perform detailed completeness and contamination analyses, and present measurements of the bright end of the UV luminosity function using a pseudobinning technique. We find a number density consistent with results from Finkelstein et al. and other searches in HST parallel fields. These bright candidates likely reside in overdensities, potentially representing some of the earliest sites of cosmic reionization. These new candidates are excellent targets for follow up with JWST, and four of them will be observed with the NIRSpec prism in Cycle 1.
A Dynamic Galaxy: Stellar Age Patterns across the Disk of M101
Authors: Garner Ray , Mihos J. Christopher , Harding Paul , Garner Charles R.
Published: January 2024

Using deep, narrowband imaging of the nearby spiral galaxy M101, we present stellar age information across the full extent of the disk of M101. Our narrowband filters measure age-sensitive absorption features such as the Balmer lines and the slope of the continuum between the Balmer break and 4000 Å break. We interpret these features in the context of inside-out galaxy formation theories and dynamical models of spiral structure. We confirm the galaxy’s radial age gradient, with the mean stellar age decreasing with radius. In the relatively undisturbed main disk, we find that stellar ages get progressively older with distance across a spiral arm, consistent with the large-scale shock scenario in a quasi-steady spiral wave pattern. Unexpectedly, we find the same pattern across spiral arms in the outer disk as well, beyond the corotation radius of the main spiral pattern. We suggest that M101 has a dynamic, or transient, spiral pattern with multiple pattern speeds joined together via mode coupling to form coherent spiral structure. This scenario connects the radial age gradient inherent to inside-out galaxy formation with the across-arm age gradients predicted by dynamic spiral arm theories across the full radial extent of the galaxy.
Post-starburst Galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: Two Broad Categories of Evolutionary Pathways
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Li Cheng , Li Niu , Yan Renbin , Mo Houjun
Published: January 2024

We study the size–mass relation (SMR) and recent star formation history (SFH) of post-starburst (PSB) galaxies in the local Universe using spatially resolved spectroscopy from the final data release of MaNGA. Our sample includes 489 PSB galaxies: 94 cPSB galaxies with central PSB regions, 85 rPSB galaxies with ringlike PSB regions, and 310 iPSB galaxies with irregular PSB regions. When compared to control galaxies of similar star formation rate, redshift, and mass, a similar SMR is found for all types of PSB samples except the cPSB galaxies, which have smaller sizes at intermediate masses (

9.5
≲

log

10

(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
≲
10.5

). The iPSB galaxies in the star-forming sequence (iPSB-SF) show no/weak gradients in D

n
(4000), EW(Hδ

A
), and EW(Hα), consistent with the global star-forming status of this type of galaxy, while the quiescent iPSB (iPSB-Q) sample shows negative gradients in D

n
(4000) and positive gradients in EW(Hδ

A
), indicating older stellar populations in the inner regions. Both the cPSB and rPSB samples show positive gradients in D

n
(4000) and negative gradients in EW(Hδ

A
), indicating younger stellar populations in the inner regions. These results imply that the four types of PSB galaxies can be broadly divided into two distinct categories in terms of evolutionary pathway: (1) iPSB-SF and iPSB-Q, which have SMRs and SFHs similar to control galaxies, preferring an inside-out quenching process, and (2) rPSB and cPSB, which appear to be different stages of the same event and likely to follow the outside-in quenching process driven by disruption events such as mergers that result in a more compact structure as quenching proceeds.
Fast Generation of Mock Galaxy Catalogs with COLA
Authors: Ding Jiacheng , Li Shaohong , Zheng Yi , Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Le , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: January 2024

We investigate the feasibility of using the comoving Lagrangian acceleration (COLA) technique to efficiently generate galaxy mock catalogs that can accurately reproduce the statistical properties of observed galaxies. Our proposed scheme combines the subhalo abundance-matching (SHAM) procedure with COLA simulations, using only three free parameters: the scatter magnitude (σ
scat) in SHAM, the initial redshift (z
init) of the COLA simulation, and the time stride (da) used by COLA. In this proof-of-concept study, we focus on a subset of BOSS CMASS
NGC galaxies within the redshift range z ∈ [0.45, 0.55]. We perform GADGET simulation and low-resolution COLA simulations with various combinations of (z
init, da), each using 10243 particles in an 800 h
−1 Mpc box. By minimizing the difference between COLA
mock and CMASS
NGC galaxies for the monopole of the two-point correlation function (2PCF), we obtain the optimal σ
scat. We have found that by setting z
init = 29 and da = 1/30, we achieve a good agreement between COLA
mock and CMASS
NGC galaxies within the range of 4–20 h
−1 Mpc, with a computational cost lower by 2 orders of magnitude than that of the GADGET
N-body code. Moreover, a detailed verification is performed by comparing various statistical properties, such as anisotropic 2PCF, three-point clustering, and power spectrum multipoles, which shows a similar performance of the GADGET
mock and COLA
mock catalogs with the CMASS
NGC galaxies. Furthermore, we assess the robustness of the COLA
mock catalogs for different cosmological models, demonstrating consistent results in the resulting 2PCFs. Our findings suggest that COLA simulations are a promising tool for efficiently generating mock catalogs for emulators and machine-learning analyses to explore the large-scale structure of the Universe.
Synthesis, in silico and in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-(benzyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides
Authors: Vlasov Sergiy V. , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Severina Hanna I. , Vlasov Vitaliy S. , Abu Sharkh Amjad Ibrahim M. , Georgiyants Victoriya A.
Published: January 2024

According to the recent studies bezylcarboxamide fragment attached to the thiophene ring of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine is beneficial for antimicrobial activity of the compounds. Therefore we focused our efforts on constructing of the simple molecules such as N-(benzyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides to get deeper insight into their antimicrobial activity. As the optimal procedure for preparation of target compounds we choose 1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole promoted interaction of 5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid with the series of substituted benzyl amines. The obtained amides showed good activity against the strains of S. aureus and B. subtilis, which was higher for the derivative without substituents in benzene ring or the compounds with small substituents like methyl or methoxyl groups in the para-position of the benzene ring. Docking studies showed that despite the good values of the scoring functions, the conformational analysis of the ligands’ poses in the active site revealed their ability for only partial inhibition of TrmD of P. aeruginosa.
An Inclusive Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Orthopedic Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Abella Maveric K. I. L. , Thorne Tyler , Hayashi Jeffrey , Finlay Andrea K. , Frick Steven , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Despite increasing attention, disparities in outcomes for Black and Hispanic patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are widening. In other racial-ethnic minority groups, outcomes often go unreported. We sought to quantify disparities in surgical outcomes among Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients across multiple orthopedic subspecialties.

Materials and Methods:

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried to identify all surgical procedures performed by an orthopedic surgeon from 2014 to 2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the impact of race and ethnicity on 30-day medical complications, readmission, reoperation, and mortality, while adjusting for orthopedic subspecialty and patient characteristics.

Results:

Across 1,512,480 orthopedic procedures, all patients who were not White were less likely to have arthroplasty-related procedures (
P
<.001), and Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian or Alaskan Native patients were more likely to have trauma-related procedures (
P
<.001). American Indian or Alaskan Native (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.005; 95% CI, 1.001–1.009;
P
=.011) and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (AOR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.005–1.014;
P
<.001) patients had higher odds of major medical complications compared with White patients. American Indian or Alaskan Native patients had higher risk of reoperation (AOR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002–1.008;
P
=.002) and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients had higher odds of mortality (AOR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.000–1.005;
P
=.019) compared with White patients.

Conclusion:

Disparities regarding surgical outcome and utilization rates persist across orthopedic surgery. American Indian or Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients, who are under-represented in research, have lower rates of arthroplasty but higher odds of medical complication, reoperation, and mortality. This study highlights the importance of including these patients in orthopedic research to affect policy-related discussions. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(3):e131–e138.]
Sagittal Pelvic Tilt Directly Influences the Ischiofemoral Space: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Spencer-Gardner Luke , Nunley Brandon , Gómez-Hoyos Juan , Wells Joel , Khoury Anthony N.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is understood to be a pain generator in the deep gluteal space. Femoral position is known to influence the ischiofemoral space (IFS), but there has been no study examining the effect of sagittal pelvic tilt on the IFS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in pelvic tilt in the sagittal plane lead to changes in the dimensions of the IFS.

Materials and Methods:

Five fresh frozen cadavers (10 hips) were used for this anatomic study. The specimens were skeletonized and placed in the prone position with the pelvis fixed to a custom-built hinged table. A digital inclinometer was used to tilt the pelvis −10°, 0°, and 10° simulating posterior, neutral, and anterior pelvic tilt, respectively. Digital calipers were used to measure the dimensions of the IFS in all three positions of sagittal pelvic tilt.

Results:

Changes in pelvic tilt resulted in significant changes in the dimensions of the IFS. Mean IFS dimensions measured 29.3±9.7 mm, 37.2±9.0 mm, and 24.3±9.2 mm in the neutral, anterior, and posterior pelvic tilt positions, respectively (
P
<.0001).

Conclusion:

Changes in sagittal pelvic tilt influence the dimensions of the IFS, with posterior pelvic tilt noted to significantly decrease the IFS when compared with neutral and anterior pelvic tilt. These findings suggest that further evaluation of sagittal spinopelvic balance in the etiology of symptomatic IFI may be warranted. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(3):167–171.]
Rhétorique de l’ekphrasis dans A tour through Italy
Authors: Uesugi Makoto
Published: January 2024

Riche en remarques sur la peinture italienne, A Tour through Italy 1811 n’est pas seulement un témoignage de la formation esthétique d’un jeune amateur d’art : il peut se lire comme un texte problématisant les pouvoirs du langage face à la peinture. L’acte de regarder un tableau y est conçu dans sa complexité et chacune des « façons » de l’œil se distingue par une écriture propre. Cet article se propose donc d’étudier les fonctions de l’œil et les traits stylistiques de la plume, incitant à lier ce texte de 1811 à l’œuvre future de Stendhal.
Les désarrois de Brulard
Authors: Didier Béatrice
Published: January 2024

« Qu’ai-je été ? Que suis-je ? En vérité je serais bien embarrassé pour le dire. » Pour faire le lien entre ces deux questions, il faudrait parvenir à prouver une identité entre le personnage qui a vécu et celui qui écrit, continuité d’autant plus nécessaire qu’elle est affirmée à un point névralgique, sous le signe d’Eros et de Thanatos : la passion pour la mère. La vie de Henry Brulard est donc tendue dans un dialogue entre ce personnage de papier qu’est le héros, et le narrateur menacé lui aussi d’en devenir un. C’est à travers cette recherche vouée à l’échec (multiples blancs du texte, trous de mémoires, pages laissées vides) que le lecteur découvre vraiment l’écrivain.
Exploring the Intersection of Cyber Security and Digital Diplomacy
Authors: Uwizeye Joel , Asbaş Caner , Tuzlukaya Şule Erdem
Published: January 2024

Global affairs facilitated by diplomacy is crucial to enabling states to create relationships and cooperation. Although traditional diplomacy practices still have a critical role, technological developments have offered diplomacy the opportunity to have a new paradigm by being digitalized. As the digital revolution changed all aspects of life, digital diplomacy has also emerged as a new field, following the 21st century's globalization. The key elements of digital diplomacy can be listed as social media platforms, rapid distribution of information, and intense and improved interrelationship and understanding between governments and citizens, globally. Since cyberattacks poses a direct threat on all cyberspace assets including digital diplomacy and use cyberspace as a medium to be globally effective, these threats and crimes should be assessed and prevented through the digital diplomacy between states, non-states, and organizations in complex relationships. This chapter examines cybersecurity, digital diplomacy, and their intersections to discuss these issues.
Closing the Skills Gap and Enhancing Employability Through Industry-Academia Collaboration
Authors: Beaupre Jean , Simpson Sondra , Wallace Adrienne A. , Walters Hannah
Published: January 2024

Industry-academia partnerships, specifically course-embedded client-based projects (CBPs), have the power to build career readiness competencies and employability in college students. CBPs benefit students, employers, and universities. Students are better prepared for the workplace and increase their employability. Employers hire graduates ready to contribute to their organizations facing a hypercompetitive and dynamic environment. Universities can deepen community relationships and improve graduate outcomes. The chapter shares a mixed methods study built on experiential learning theories, coupled with the authors' experiences in CBP classes. In a study conducted at four U.S. universities, a multidimensional measurement device was used to evaluate and compare students' perspectives, pre- and post-CBP experience, on the significance of NACE's eight career readiness competencies. The chapter concludes with a proposed framework which explains why and summarizes how CBPs, when built around andragogical principles, can significantly increase students' readiness for the workplace.
Connecting Skillsets for the Employability of Students in Higher Education Across Disciplines
Authors: Raksithaa S. , Thomas Mary Rani
Published: January 2024

In this dynamic world, filled with opportunities and cut-throat competition, skill sets are necessary to find a job and kick-start the graduate's career. Students with different skill sets can solve problems by looking at them from different angles, which is a key factor in obtaining jobs. The researchers have identified the four disciplines—commerce and managemet, computer science, psychology and engineering—as the key domains in the 21st century for better employability. From the literature, researchers have identified the skills and their application in the proposed domain and the ways to upskill the identified skills. The study's implications are a ready reckoner for stakeholders—educators, hiring organizations, students, policymakers, researchers, government, and institutions—for better industry-academic collaboration and understanding of the skill set required for job orientation.
Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance at Public Enterprises
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: January 2024

Public enterprises have many challenges when it comes to achieving objectives, growth, performance, and sustainability. Reasons could be ineffective leadership, dubious management, lack of proper organizational culture, working environment, and poor employee performance. Poor employee performance could be because of skills shortage, lack of motivation, and ineffective training and development. Hence, the main objective of this study was to assess the impact of training and development on employee performance in commercial public enterprise. Adopting a mixed methods approach, with the hypothesis to test whether there was a significant relationship between independent variables (training and development) and employee performance (dependent variable), primary data was collected using questionnaires as a survey instrument and secondary data from published records. Findings reflect a positive correlation between training and development and employee performance and a statistically significant relationship between training and employee performance and development and employee performance.
A Needs Assessment of the Transformation of the Baccalaureate Nursing Programme Curriculum in Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Daniel O. , Joel Medusalem H.
Published: January 2024

Rapid changes in the global higher education landscape in response to the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) have resulted in the need to transform the curriculum in line with the evolving world of digital technology. Technology advancement in the health sector calls for curriculum developers and stakeholders to collectively consider students' preparedness to enter the highly demanding nursing job market. The aim of this chapter is to explore and describe a needs assessment of the transformation of the baccalaureate nursing programme curriculum in Namibia from a stakeholders' perspective and consultation point of view. Findings from this study suggest a need for curriculum transformation in order to train nursing graduates to be more ethically competent, have critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, as well as the ability to communicate effectively, which will enable them to practice at both the local and international level on graduation.
Role of Electric Field on Diffusion Coefficients for Weakly Coupled Plasma
Authors: Shahzad Aamir , Waris Rabia , Kashif Muhammad , Manzoor Alina , He Maogang
Published: January 2024

Equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) has been used to investigate diffusion coefficient (D) of 3D weakly coupled complex dusty plasma (WCCDP) by varying applied electric field (E). Velocity auto correlation function technique has been used to compute diffusion coefficient of dust particles. Impact of varying electric field has been tested for complete series of plasma parameters (Γ, κ) in a canonical ensemble. EMD simulation have been used to compute D for fixed number of particles (N = 500) at different values of plasma parameters (0.1≤ Γ≤ 0.9 and (1≤ κ ≤ 3). Computed results showed that value of D decreases by increasing Γ and increases by increasing E and κ. Simulation results also exposed that result obtained through Green-Kubo has same drift as previous results. But this work has some advancement due to E.
Evaluating Antivirus Effectiveness Against Malware in Ascending Order for Increasing Blockchain Endpoint Protection
Authors: Al-Shahwani Humam Imad Wajeeh , Mijwil Maad M. , Doshi Ruchi , Hiran Kamal Kant , Bala Indu
Published: January 2024

Blockchain represents a new promising technology with a huge economic impact resulting from its uses in various fields such as digital currency and banking; malware represents a serious threat to users, and there are many differences in the effectiveness of antivirus software used to deal with the problem of malware. This chapter has developed a coefficient for measuring the effectiveness of antivirus software. This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of antivirus software by conducting tests on a group of protection programs using a folder containing an amount of data. These programs are applied to combat viruses contained in this folder. The study revealed that the effectiveness of antivirus software is as follows: AVG scored 0%, Advanced System Protector scored 20%, Avast scored 60%, and Malwarebytes scored 80%, respectively.
Optimization Techniques for Influenza Prediction in Biological Expert Systems
Authors: Vignesh U. , Ratnakumar Rahul
Published: January 2024

Currently, the biggest challenge in the world is the detection of viral infection in various diseases, as par to the rapid spread of the disease. According to recent statistics, the number of people diagnosed with the Influenza virus is exponentially increasing day by day, with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases. The model proposed here analyses the Influenza virus by comparing different deep learning algorithms to bring out the best in terms of accuracy for detection and prediction. The models are trained using CT scan dataset comprising of both Influenza positive patients and negative patients. The results of algorithms are compared based on parameters such as train accuracy, test loss, etc. Some of the best models after training were, DenseNet-121 with accuracy of 96.28%, VGG-16 with accuracy of 95.75%, ResNet-50 with accuracy of 94.18%, etc. in detecting the virus from the CT scan dataset with the proposed ACDL algorithm. Thus, these models will be helpful and useful to the government and communities to initiate proper measures to control the outbreak of the Influenza virus in time.
Recent Trends in Big Data
Authors: Suriyan Kannadhasan , Venusamy Kanagaraj , Nagarajan R.
Published: January 2024

Using big data and algorithmic techniques, not all of the data gathered in this way is relevant for analysis or decision-making. To be more specific, the chapter addresses issues that arise during the fine tuning of large data sets, presenting open research questions that can aid in the processing of large data sets and the extraction of valuable information from them, as well as providing an overview of big data tools and techniques that can be used to address these issues. Healthcare, public administration, retail, and other multidisciplinary scientific inquiries are only few of the areas where boundaries might be blurred. Big data is mostly derived from social computing, internet text and document storage, and internet search indexing. Online communities, recommendation systems, reputation systems, and prediction markets are all examples of social computing. Internet search indexing includes ISI, IEEE Xplorer, Scopus, Thomson Reuters, etc.
Exploring the Legal Framework of Climate Migration in Latin America
Authors: Ochoa Anny Gabriela Molina , Duque Gomez Maria Camila , Silva Santiago Weil
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the climate migration phenomenon and its legal framework in Latin America, studying some of its possible drivers and how these have a notable incidence in the global south. The chapter is centered on the Latin American region, providing a panorama of the geographical characteristics that make it particularly vulnerable to natural disasters and climate-related events, being these drivers of climate migration. The chapter also gives a view of the social, economic, and political conditions that make Latin America more susceptible to suffering human rights violations, which has an impact on the capacity of the countries to protect climate migrants and adds to the vulnerability of the region. The chapter also links this phenomenon to the existing legal framework, starting from the international instruments to later approach the domestic legislation and developments of the Latin American countries, revealing the lack of a harmonized regional instrument to protect climate migrants.
Role of Urban Local Bodies in Ensuring Primary Healthcare
Authors: Roy Parimal Kumar
Published: January 2024

This study reflected the author's one-decade professional journey in Bangladesh when he worked on the urban local body. Nevertheless, the author's sensuality with high empathy is that alleviating the urban primary health issues requires a governing department—Urban Health Unit. The urban local body is always under capacity to provide health services in terms of sustainability. In this sense, development agencies like ADB, DFID, and UNFPA anticipated the projects and accelerated the primary health care services under urban local bodies' capacities to downsize health pressure in secondary and tertiary health levels. As a result, assertive public participation and time-befitting policy implications were shaky to do so. For this drive, this study dives into ethnographic methods—participant observation and in-depth interviews with project personnel and public representatives in five urban local bodies of Bangladesh to write this chapter for policy recommendations, ab initio, on urban health issues to establish an Urban Health Unit to achieve SDG 3.
Technology as a Means to Bridge the Gap Between Humans and Nature
Authors: Mehra Richa Kapoor
Published: January 2024

Historically, evidence is available to make us understand the fact that nature has also played a therapeutic role in our lives by benefiting our mental health as well as physical health. The present study will address a concern: How can nature healing occur if a person suffers from chronic disease or is disabled? Through this chapter, an attempt has been made to provide a solution via digital or virtual reality tools, equip disabled patients, and give them a reel feeling of nature. Those who cannot go out and get the real feel of nature can make use of virtual reality tools to heal themselves with technology. Also, the present chapter will address the question, can virtual exposure to nature be equivalent to real exposure? Further, an attempt is made to discover how technological advancement is benefiting our lives, equipping us in the best possible ways. The prime concern here is to unfold how technological advancement and digital revolution have influenced the way we relate to the environment.
Improving the Resilience of Supply Chains in a Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Prajapati Tamanna M. , Panda Mamata Mayee , Chhabra Prachi , Dubey Shilpi , Yadav Amar Pal
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for supply chain resilience in the face of unforeseen disruptions. This research investigates the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance supply chain resilience during the COVID-19 crisis. The authors evaluated several ML algorithms, including decision trees, random forests, naïve bayes, and LSTM. They explored using the SPIN COVID-19 RMRIO dataset to develop a proactive and data-driven approach to mitigate disruptions and improve supply chain performance. The ML model worked with and without feature selection. With chi-square feature selection, the long short-term memory (LSTM) performed well and achieved the highest accuracy, 96.74%, with an F1 score of 91.01%. Without feature selection, random forest outperformed, which provided an accuracy of 96.21% with an F1 score of 81.25%.
How a Country Like India May Turn a Threat Into a Bundle of Emerging Market Opportunities Under the “Go Green Initiative”
Authors: Jayachandran Vinodini Kanniappan , Srivastava Alpa
Published: January 2024

The changes in the climate may lead to a rise in fatalistic changes in economic growth. If the same pattern of consumption, distribution, eradication, or treatment of waste is continued, the available resources will fall short of meeting the needs of the people in the coming days. Climate change has brought a change in the availability of natural resources. For sustainable development, it is more important to respect and care for all the forms of resources of life. Due to this, there is a potential drop in rainfall in the population in all regional parts of India. Contrarily, sudden rainfall in some dry areas is also witnessed. Finally, this chapter will be more conceptual and will bring about the reasons for climate change, resource availability, government interventions through various schemes, social responsibility, and the importance of going go-green. This chapter will further help all individuals to know the present status of resource availability and the support that they can provide to the economy from poor causes with greater confidence.
Social Media Crime and Its Impact
Authors: Singh Debabrata , Mishra Swapnarani , Biswal Anil Kumar
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, the authors analyze online shopping crime, drug trafficking via the dark web, and cyberstalking to illustrate the wide range of problems that arise when trying to criminalize, prevent, and police these activities on social media. An in-depth examination of cybercrime while recharging DTH cases and their newsworthiness in traditional media is a difficult endeavor that is beyond the scope of this research. Instead, this chapter focuses on the process of agenda-building, especially as it relates to social media, the impact of the social environment, and the potential of “ordinary” people to affect agenda definition. They also investigate the reach of the intended audience, the possibility of a “trial by social media,” and the function of social media in relation to pre-crime, monitoring, and preventive concerns. Finally, they urge criminologists and social scientists to be more daring and critical in confronting the difficulties provided by new technology.
Surveying the Role of Bamboo in Tourism Industry
Authors: Mohanan Smitha Amarail , John Suja
Published: January 2024

There can be no health or sustainable development without mental health underscores the inseparable link between the SDGs and mental health. Consequently, achieving the SDGs is a pathway to achieving mental health. Tourism stands as a significant contributor to positively impacting the mental health and well-being of communities. Bamboo, known as 'Green Gold' due to its carbon sequestration capabilities and other eco-friendly traits, aids in reducing carbon emissions and achieving the SDGs. The researcher has formulated a model aimed at achieving the SDGs while addressing climate change concerns and promoting well-being.
The Phenomenon of Eco-Anxiety and Distress Related to Climate Change and Environmental Degradation
Authors: Rajamani Santhosh Kumar , Iyer Radha Srinivasan
Published: January 2024

Eco-anxiety refers to chronic fear of environmental doom due to climate change and ecological harm. It stems from lived experiences, media coverage, scientific reports, and government inaction. Climate anxiety is rising, especially among youth. Exposure to climate disasters and species/habitat loss can lead to climate grief. Eco-anxiety can manifest as fatalism, avoidance, activism, or compulsions. It reflects conflict between protecting nature and feelings of helplessness. Chronic climate distress heightens risks of depression, PTSD, panic, and substance abuse. Addressing eco-anxiety requires climate education and communication, mental health resources, government climate action, and research on coping strategies. Recognition of eco-anxiety establishes climate mitigation as imperative for collective psychological wellbeing.
Giving bodies to ghosts: locating molecules in the very place where they exert their biological roles
Authors: Capanna Ernesto , Redi CarloAlberto
Published: January 2024

This paper reviews some of the goals of our investigations published over the years on Rivista di Istochimica Normale e Patologica, Basic and Applied Histochemistry, and the European Journal of Histochemistry - EJH. In a series of papers, we published some of the basic cytochemical features of the sperm cytodifferentiation process for the first time. This was a conceptual and practical prerequisite to the in situ quantitative evaluation of sperm DNA content. We showed that the discrepancy between the expected 1:2 ratio when comparing sperm versus somatic cell DNA content (sperm DNA content is always far low from the theoretical value) is due to DNA losses caused by the hydrochloric treatment entailed by the Feulgen reaction. The knowledge of the specific losses that occur during the various steps of the Feulgen reaction has allowed us to use it critically in Genome Size studies to highlight: - sperm aneuploidy in chromosomally derived subfertility; - the broad variability range of Mammalian genome sizes; - that termites are roaches (after decades of discussion on this topic). In addition, in a seminal paper on human oocytes, we showed (by transmission electron microscopy) a specific chromatin and cytoplasmic organization (both essential for further embryo development) linked to oocyte maturation arrest, a datum quite relevant to treating unmet therapeutic needs in human and veterinary reproduction.
Lectins as versatile tools to explore cellular glycosylation
Authors: Brooks Susan
Published: January 2024

Lectins are naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding proteins that are ubiquitous in nature and highly selective for their, often incompletely characterised, binding partners. From their discovery in the late 1880s to the present day, they have provided a broad palette of versatile tools for exploring the glycosylation of cells and tissues and for uncovering the myriad functions of glycosylation in biological systems. The technique of lectin histochemistry, used to map the glycosylation of tissues, has been instrumental in revealing the changing profile of cellular glycosylation in development, health and disease. It has been especially enlightening in revealing fundamental alterations in cellular glycosylation that accompany cancer development and metastasis, and has facilitated the identification of glycosylated biomarkers that can predict prognosis and may have utility in development of early detection and screening, Moreover, it has led to insights into the functional role of glycosylation in healthy tissues and in the processes underlying disease. Recent advances in biotechnology mean that our understanding of the precise binding partners of lectins is improving and an ever-wider range of lectins are available, including recombinant human lectins and lectins with enhanced, engineered properties. Moreover, use of traditional histochemistry to support a broad range of cutting-edge technologies and the development of high throughout microarray platforms opens the way for ever more sophisticated mapping – and understanding – of the glycome.
Exploring biocidal effects of methyl salicylate and limonene toward Trogoderma granarium Everts
Authors: Arif Mokhtar Abdulsattar , Guarino Salvatore
Published: January 2024

The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, poses a significant threat as a post-harvest pest in stored products and stands out as a crucial quarantine concern globally. Unlike many other stored product pests, this species proved challenging to manage using conventional insecticides and alternative non-chemical methods. The exploration of plant-based natural products, particularly essential oils, as alternatives arises in response to challenges associated with the prolonged use of synthetic insecticides. While essential oils show promising activity, their use encounters challenges associated with standardization. This study investigates the feasibility of employing some single chemical compounds widespread in several essential oils with insecticidal activity as candidate insecticides, specifically limonene and methyl salicylate in contact/fumigation bioassays toward T. granarium adults. The results showed that methyl salicylate caused a lethal time of 50% (LT50) at the dose of 1 mg after 7.40 hours of exposure. The LT50 calculated for limonene was 86.83 hours while positive control using deltamethrin, used at the recommended dose of the manufacturer, was 5.20 hours after exposure. These data suggest that methyl salicylate can be exploited as a candidate for further tests in field conditions toward T. granarium also in consideration of its relative low toxicity for humans.
Screening for the economic production of hydrolytic enzymes from locally-isolated fungi
Authors: Yehia Heba , Abdel-Razik Rania , Elkhateeb Waill A. , Saleh Alaa M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Enzymes are complex proteins serving as biological catalysts to facilitate reactions in mild and environment-friendly conditions. Saprophytic fungi have long been harnessed for the efficient production of several industrially-significant enzymes whose market is still growing to cope with the increase in demand and natural resources’ depletion.

Objective

This investigation was performed with respect to the economic viewpoint of terrestrial fungi utilization and their hydrolytic enzymes’ biosynthetic potential.

Materials and methods

Several terrestrial fungi were isolated, cultivated on cheap agricultural wastes, and evaluated for industrial relevance. Solid-state fermentation was conducted to further boost the economic value and sustainability. The enzymatic productivity was estimated through solid-phase radial diffusion correlating the zones’ diameters to the enzymatic activity.

Results and conclusion

Six soil fungi were isolated, five belonging to the order Eurotiales and one to Mucorales. The molds belonged to four different genera; Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus ustus, Fennelia flavipes (anamorph: Aspergillus flavipes), Cunninghamella elegans and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Many of the tested agricultural wastes were able to support the biosynthesis of the explored constitutive enzymes, recording better activity than the standard synthetic medium. Under the test conditions, L-asparaginase and protease were the most frequently detected enzymes while banana and mandarine peels led to the highest enzymes’ activity.

In light of the global direction towards sustainability, enzymes can have immense prospects to sustain the industrial sectors innocuously. The cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing processes can be enhanced by accommodating the fiscal challenges for operating conditions. Using agrarian residues as raw material, highly productive enzyme producers, and cheaper solid-state fermentation processes are factors that may contribute to the efficacy, efficiency and economic feasibility of the enzyme-based processes.
Fetal Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) Detected at 36 Weeks: Review of Literature and Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Zainab D. , Abubakar Hanifah D. , Gaya Fatima A. , Muhammad Abbas R.
Published: January 2024

Vein of Galen malformation is a rare intracranial vascular lesion most often concomitant with poor prognosis when associated with high-output cardiac failure. We present a case that was diagnosed late in the third trimester, but due to the limitations in our local settings, immediate operative intervention could not be done. A 24-year-old primigravida was sent for a routine 36-week obstetric ultrasound scan (USS), which revealed a midline cystic structure with mosaic color signals on a duplex Doppler USS within the fetal head. The unavailability of fetal magnetic resonance venography (MRV) delayed confirmation until the postnatal period. An MRV done on the second day of delivery showed a dilated, tortuous midline structure in the region of the vein of Galen, which confirmed the findings. Echocardiography revealed multiple cardiac lesions. Although, both antenatally and at birth, there was no cardiac failure, the baby died on the seventh day of life from possible cardiac compromise.