ФОРМОУТВОРЕННЯ НАМОТУВАННЯМ КОМПОЗИТНОГО ПЕРЕДНЬОГО ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОГО ОПЕРЕННЯ ЛЕГКОГО ЛІТАКА
Authors: Малков І. В. 
Published: December 2024

A process has been developed for modeling the trajectory of laying reinforcing material (RM) during the formation of composite aerodynamic surfaces (AS). The work provides a brief description of the types of structures of aircraft of complex shape according to the criterion of the possibility of manufacturing by the winding method, in which certain types of surface shapes are highlighted according to the condition of determining the laying trajectory and developing a winding control program (WCP) for CNC machines. It is shown that the process of developing technology for manufacturing structures such as aerodynamic load-bearing surfaces has significant differences from the process of developing technology for axisymmetric products. The general technique for determining the trajectory of laying reinforcing material is shown and new approaches to specifying the reinforcement pattern are described. The general methodology for calculating the WCP for winding the AS is described. Calculation of the movements of the working parts of a winding machine (WM) includes several subtasks: choosing the order of passage of individual turns of the RM, calculating the movements of the working parts of the WM when laying each turn, and determining the program for transition from turn to turn. It is shown that the most important stage in the development of general-type AS winding technology is the choice of a winding scheme that determines the structural-force diagram (SFD) of the structure. For this purpose, the concept of the limiting point of winding has been introduced. The winding pattern of any type of product can be described by an array of coordinates of boundary points and reinforcement angles. An algorithm for calculating the trajectory of RM placement on the surface of the mandrel is presented. The features of choosing the order of passage of turns are described. The order in which the turns pass affects the number of weaves in the structure of the composite material obtained during the winding process and the strength of the product. The optimal order of passing turns according to the strength criterion is determined experimentally through repeated development tests. The features of choosing programs for transition from turn to turn are described. The algorithm of actions of the WM during the transition from one turn to another - the transition program consists of two programs: the program for entering the turn and the program for exiting the turn. The algorithm of transition programs depends on the chosen order of turns and in each specific case depends on the design features of the product. To test the developed methodology, a test calculation of the front horizontal tail of a light aircraft was carried out. As a result of the work done, it was possible to solve the problem of modeling the RM laying trajectory for bodies of complex shape with a fixed type of section, manufactured by the winding method from a polymer composite material (PCM). This technology can be used to produce aircraft structures such as “wing”, “fuselage” of an airplane, helicopter, and the like. Thus, the possibility of winding a general type AS has been proven using the example of the horizontal front tail of a light aircraft. The range of production of wound products has expanded - bodies with an arbitrary convex section and a straight generatrix. A technology has been developed for manufacturing from PCM by winding non-axisymmetric aerodynamic power structural elements such as aircraft wings, helicopter blades, air and water propellers. A surface reinforcement scheme has been found that makes it possible to obtain a variable wall thickness with its decrease from the root to the end rib. The trajectories of laying reinforcing material on a surface with an arbitrary convex section and the movement of working parts for a three-axis winding machine are determined. The developed calculation method can be used to create various aerodynamic structural elements with positive surface curvature from PCM by winding. The use of advanced high-performance technology for automated winding of reinforcing fiber material provides a significant reduction in labor costs in the manufacture of these units, reducing their prices compared to the prices of existing metal and composite aircraft of comparable size and equipment