bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis of research on secondary organic aerosols: A
Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis (IUPAC Technical
Report)
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Zhang Yuanhang , Veber Marjan , Wine Paul H. , Klasinc Leo
Published: May 2013

This study was conceived to evaluate the global scientific output of secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) research over the past 20 years and to assess the
characteristics of the research patterns, tendencies, and methods in the papers.
Data were based on the online version of Science Citation Index Expanded from
1992 to 2011. Publications referring to SOAs were assessed by distribution of
the number of publications and times cited, source categories, source journals,
author keywords, KeyWords Plus, and the most cited publications in these years.
By synthetic analysis of author keywords, KeyWords Plus, titles, and abstracts,
it was concluded that modeling is currently and will at least over the next
decade continue to be the predominant research method to validate
state-of-the-art knowledge of SOAs, and that the foci of SOA research will be
the key precursors terpenes and isoprene, the mechanisms of oxidation and
gas-phase reactions, and emission inventories.
A “ Traiterous Religion ”: Indulgences and the Anti-Catholic Imagination in Eighteenth-Century New England
Authors: Carter Michael S.
Published: May 2013

Anti-Catholicism, or antipopery, was one of the broadest and deepest cultural biases in the early-modern English-speaking world. Eighteenth-century New England, in particular, evinced a strong concern with and opposition to imagined Catholic teaching regarding indulgences, believed by many Protestants of the period to mean license to commit sin in advance. This perception informed many aspects of anti-Catholic legislation, history, and literature prior to the American Revolution. These perceptions, inseparable from emerging tropes of the Protestant Reformation as they developed in early-modern England, also provide a key to understanding Protestant apprehensions and fears about unrestricted Catholic religious practice and participation in civic life during the colonial period and into the early republic.
“Tears of the Indians” or Superficial Conversion?: José de Acosta, the Black Legend, and Spanish Evangelization in the New World
Authors: Murry Gregory
Published: May 2013

The author analyzes the changing English perceptions of Spanish evangelization in the Americas, arguing that José de Acosta’s work marked a fundamental shift in English attitudes toward Catholic claims of native conversions. Whereas the earliest Black Legend stories had emphasized Spanish rapacity and native rejection of Christianity, later English controversialists seized on Acosta’s admissions of superficial conversions to argue that Spaniards had succeeded in partial conversions only because Catholicism was marked by the same forms of idolatry and superstition as native religions.
The Place of Jerusalem in Western Crusading Rites of Departure (1095–1300)
Authors: Gaposchkin M. Cecilia
Published: May 2013

Crusaders underwent a liturgical rite of departure that was built upon the rite for departing pilgrims in which a cross blessing was added to the blessing of scrip and staff. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the symbolism of the cross and the meaning of the rite were developing and fluid, but became increasingly associated with Jerusalem pilgrimage and Jerusalem crusade. In turn, the evocation of Jerusalem was increasingly associated with the physical and obtainable place of Christ’s life (rather than the eschatological Jerusalem of the salvific future). The rite also reflected developing values of crusading spirituality.
The Catholic Church, the Nigerian Civil War, and the Beginning of Organized Lay Apostolate Groups among the Igbos of Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwaka Jacinta Chiamaka
Published: May 2013

The socioeconomic crisis of the postwar period, the government takeover of mission schools, and the expulsion of expatriate missionaries opened the way for a larger role for the laity in Igboland South in eastern Nigeria, especially in evangelization and the organization of lay groups. Although these lay groups made some progress in addressing the problems of the period, taking the gospel message beyond conversion, adopting a more radical approach to evangelization, and building a healthier society remained substantial challenges.
Our Posthuman Past: Victorian Realism, Cybernetics, and the Problem of Information
Authors: Ward Megan
Published: May 2013

This essay argues that Victorian realism pre-imagines the conditions of early artificial intelligence by reading Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford (1853) alongside key cybernetic texts. In doing so, it claims that Victorian realism influences twentieth-century definitions of what it means to be human—definitions that have sparked contemporary debate about information and embodiment. By examining realism’s representation practices, information practices can be better understood, not just in the twenty-first century, but as part of an ongoing debate.
“A great empire falling to pieces”: Coleridge, Herschel, and Whewell on the Poetics of Unitary Knowledge
Authors: Brooke-Smith James
Published: May 2013

This essay examines the use of poetic quotations in the metascientific writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Herschel, and William Whewell. It situates particular uses of poetic quotations in relation both to the author’s work and the broader context of early nineteenth-century metascientific discourse. While each of these authors espoused a different model of scientific method, they all had recourse to poetic quotations as a means of gesturing toward what they saw as the fundamental unity of knowledge. In an age of increased disciplinary specialization, poetic quotations functioned as both ceremonial invocations of a unitary national culture and speculative gestures toward a future synthesis that would articulate the fragmentary branches of modern knowledge as a fully integrated organic whole.
Digesting Difference: Metabolism and the Question of Sexual Difference
Authors: Hird Myra J.
Published: May 2013

Elizabeth Grosz’s research program offers a thoughtful and complex argument for sexual difference as ontology. Gathering together Grosz’s considerable writing, which she synthesizes in her most recent book, Becoming Undone , this essay explores Grosz’s engagement of sexual difference through evolutionary theory. This refraction invites challenging questions with which feminist theory might think through one of its defining issues. A close reading of Grosz’s work reveals contradictions, tensions, and problems in discussions of being versus becoming; duration versus the stasis of sexual difference; and neo-Darwinian humanism versus Darwinian inhumanism, and the former’s consequent normalizing of sexual difference. The essay concludes with a discussion of metabolism as sexual difference’s potential foil. Refracting metabolism – as a force – through evolutionary theory excites the significant contradictions that sexual difference as ontology sustains in Grosz’s analysis.
Untying the “Subtle Knot”: Anatomical Metaphor and the Case of the rete mirabile
Authors: Habinek Lianne
Published: May 2013

This essay seeks to “unperplex” the soul’s relationship to the body by reading the body’s book. Specifically, it examines responses to a small (albeit nonexistent) structure in the brain that seventeenth-century anatomists held to be the location where soul and body converged. The rete mirabile , or wonderful knot, found its utility both as a physical marker of the desire for a locatable soul and as a metaphor for the complex interaction between material and immaterial. I read John Donne’s “The Ecstasy” alongside anatomical texts to argue that the metaphor of the knot, as a response to deeper concerns about how bodies and souls are joined together, underwrites both poetic and anatomical discourse, and enables the translation between them.
"You Only Have Your Word:" Rape and Testimony
Authors: Coundouriotis Eleni
Published: May 2013

The definition of rape in international law is in flux, as the controversy over the differences between a "mechanical" and a "conceptual" definition has shown. This article explores the intersection of three contradictory premises about the narrative testimony of rape that arises from the problem of defining the crime. It explores this intersection through the frames of legal theory, visual theory, and narrative texts, drawing its examples from the Rwandan genocide, where the correlation of narrative testimony to the production of images shaped a rich vein of philosophical inquiry into the nature of witnessing.
Transplanting Human Rights Norms: The Case of the United Kingdom's Human Rights Act
Authors: Amos Merris
Published: May 2013

In this article, the United Kingdom's Human Rights Act is considered as a legal transplant of the European Convention on Human Rights to the domestic system. Existing literature concerning legal transplants is applied to determine whether the problems experienced by the HRA are partly due to its status as a transplant. It is concluded that whilst the Act has not been a failure, the literature can explain some of the issues that have arisen. In particular, the UK experience demonstrates that for longevity and legitimacy, building a national human rights instrument requires more than a simple transplant from the international legal system to the national.
Dam and Be Damned: The Adverse Impacts of Belo Monte on Indigenous Peoples in Brazil
Authors: Jaichand Vinodh , Sampaio Alexandre Andrade
Published: May 2013

In June 2011 the license to build Belo Monte—what the Brazilian government claims to be the third largest dam in the world in terms of electric power generating capacity—was granted. Since the 1970s, when the plans to build the dam were first made public, the project has encountered great opposition. Indigenous peoples and others who would adversely be affected by the construction of the Belo Monte Dam were supported by national and international NGOs that tried to halt the project through numerous strategic paths, one of which was by filing a case before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Finally, in April 2011, the Commission granted an injunction in favor of the indigenous peoples of the Xingu River Basin that would be impacted by the dam, requesting the government to stop Belo Monte's construction. However, Brazil argued that these peoples would not be affected and disregarded the request. This article, by looking at indigenous peoples' substantive and procedural rights, assesses the possible adverse impacts on the indigenous peoples. Special attention is given to the profound connection indigenous peoples have with their lands and how this connection impacts on their unique rights to self-determination, property, and culture. Considering the analysis of these rights, indigenous peoples' right to be consulted in a free, prior, and informed manner is assessed. This article concludes that the adverse impacts that would result from Belo Monte's construction are evident and the State's conduct in carrying on with the project is in violation of national and international law.
Generic Considerations in Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go
Authors: Shaddox Karl
Published: May 2013

Never Let Me Go , Kazuo Ishiguro's novel about human clones raised for organs, is most often critiqued as science fiction or dystopian literature by the scholarly community. Yet focusing on the institutional implementation of cloning obscures a more critically fertile theme: sentiment. As demonstrated in this article, the novel has deeper affinities with sentimental and abolitionist literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries than with speculative fiction. This generic reevaluation makes way for a broader critical approach to the novel's notion of humanness in the post-genome age.
Manipulated Commitments: The International Criminal Court in Uganda
Authors: Rodman Kenneth A. , Booth Petie
Published: May 2013

Beth Simmons and Allison Danner suggest that low rule of law states join the International Criminal Court (ICC) to commit themselves credibly to refrain from criminal means in fighting insurgents, signaling an interest in negotiations and contributing to progress in peace processes. Contrary to their thesis, Uganda requested ICC involvement as an asset in its military campaign against the rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) without improving the human rights and accountability practices of its security forces. While the ICC arrest warrants did make a contribution to the peace process through further isolating the LRA, their irrevocable nature biased conflict resolution toward a military rather than a negotiated solution. To avoid political manipulation or complicating peace processes in the future, prosecutorial discretion should be seen as part of a political process involving not only the state that refers a case, but also local and international stakeholders.
Life Imprisonment and the Prohibition of Inhuman Punishments in International Human Rights Law: Moving the Agenda Forward
Authors: Bernaz Nadia
Published: May 2013

Life imprisonment and penalties in general have been overlooked in international human rights law. Yet, with the gradual disappearance of the death penalty, life imprisonment is likely to become the next prominent issue. Taking the 2010 Graham v. Florida US Supreme Court case as a starting point, this paper depicts life imprisonment as a human rights concern, explores the developing international standards on the issue, and challenges its relative neglect by international human rights bodies.
Protecting the Right to Life of Journalists: The Need for a Higher Level of Engagement
Authors: Heyns Christof , Srinivasan Sharath
Published: May 2013

Journalists play a central role in fostering a society based on the open discussion of facts and the pursuit of the truth, as opposed to one based on rumor, prejudice, and the naked exercise of power. As a result, journalists are often literally in the line of fire and deserve special protection. This article considers the characteristics of deadly attacks on journalists over the last two decades and examines how the applicable legal and policy frameworks can be used better or improved to provide a higher level of protection. Impunity, often a by-product of the politicized nature of journalistic activities, is seen as the major cause of continuous attacks on journalists. The conclusion is drawn that one of the key elements of a strategy to better protect journalists is to "elevate" the issue on a number of fronts: to move prevention and accountability from the local to the central level within domestic jurisdictions, while simultaneously heightening the level of international engagement with this issue.
"Re-righting Business": John Ruggie and the Struggle to Develop International Human Rights Standards for Transnational Firms
Authors: Aaronson Susan Ariel , Higham Ian
Published: May 2013

As the major players in globalization, firms often operate in states where human rights may not be respected. Without direct intent, firms may be complicit in human rights violations. In 2008, John Ruggie, the United Nations (UN) Special Representative on business and human rights, developed a framework for policymakers to protect human rights and for executives to respect human rights. On 16 June 2011, the UN Human Rights Council endorsed Ruggie's "Guiding Principles" (GPs) for implementing this framework. This article describes how firms, states, and to a lesser extent nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), have responded to this delineation of the human rights responsibilities of business. This article makes four key points: 1) the GPs are an important advance in global governance; 2) the process of developing the GPs was a model of transparent, inclusive twenty-first century governance, although the public is generally unaware of the issue or the new policy; 3) the GPs are a creative and broad rethinking of how to evaluate the human rights performance of corporations; and 4) the GPs are unlikely to have much influence unless policymakers educate their national firms and their citizens regarding the human rights responsibilities of business and press these executives to act.
Ktiriothiki : The Architectural Heritage of Athens, 1830–1950
Authors: Katsibokis George
Published: May 2013

Athens’s architecture from the 1830s to the 1950s ranges from Neoclassicism and Eclecticism to Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Modernism. The post-World War II period brought significant changes to the Athenian built environment. As the rural population accumulated in the city center, devastated by the Second World War and the ensuing three-year Civil War, the need for cheap and readily available accommodation emerged. Over a period of two decades, without any organized governmental policy or planning, the majority of existing buildings were demolished and substituted with largely nondescript blocks of flats. The destruction of existing architecture resulted in the dramatic deterioration of the built environment and, eventually, the degradation of quality of life in the city center. Today, an unidentified number of old buildings exist in the city center, the only remains of the pre-war period and culture. Their current conditions vary, from derelict carcasses to restored residences of organizations or individuals. Their present and past life is mapped in the building database www.ktiriothiki.com , whose aim is to engage people and researchers in a discussion on upgrading the current Athenian living space.
Inter-War Ideology in Nelly’s’s Nudes: Nationalism, Fascism and the Classical Tradition
Authors: Katsari Constantina
Published: May 2013

Nelly’s, or Elli Sougioultzoglou-Seraidari, produced a series of photographs in the 1920s and 1930s, which seem to idolize ancient Greece. Her themes (naked men and women, landscapes, archaeological monuments) as well as her aesthetics are indicative of contemporary political influences on her work. The main political ideologies identified in her neoclassical photos are those of Greek nationalism, Greek fascism, and German Nazism. Hers was a national and a transnational fascist aesthetic. In all instances, though, she remained consistent in following conservative (to each place) artistic movements in the choice of her themes, her techniques, and her aesthetics. Through her work and her continuous employment in governmental posts, she became an advocate of Greek nationalism and German fascism. As a consequence of her artistic choices, she soon became one of the approved artists of Metaxas’s fascist regime and a favorite of 1930s Athenian bourgeois society that viewed itself as cosmopolitan.
Catching up and Objecting to Europe: Modernity and Discursive Topoi in Greece’s Higher Education Reforms
Authors: Gropas Ruby , Triandafyllidou Anna , Kouki Hara
Published: May 2013

Eisenstadt’s theory of multiple modernities recognizes the historical precedence of Western patterns of modernity as fundamental points of reference for other modernities, but argues that each country defines its individual path to modernity through its own internal conflicts. Since the end of the Cold War, EU integration and access to EU membership have steadily become the dominant, if not the exclusive, institutional frameworks representing the paradigm of Western modernity. Against this background, we consider the way in which Greece’s pathway to modernity has oscillated between a dominant European definition and an individual one particular to its own internal conflicts. Specifically, we examine the position of state actors, civil society representatives, and lay people on higher education in the context of the Bologna process, the EU institutional framework aimed at educational integration, itself a means of defining identities, pursuing modernity, and protecting tradition.
Ion Dragoumis and “Machiavelli”: Armed struggle, Propaganda, and Hellenization in Macedonia and Thrace (1903–1908)
Authors: Kaliakatsos Michalis
Published: May 2013

Dragoumis was baptized, politically and ideologically, in the waters of one of the most violent nationalist conflicts in the modern history of the Balkans. During the Macedonian struggle, he adopted an aggressive and uncompromising nationalism with a dominant, in principle, anti-democratic and anti-Western character. Armed struggle, forcible or peaceful Hellenization, boycotting, propaganda, total mobilization of the state machine and “civil society,” conquest, and the complete sanctioning of power politics were the main features that formed Dragoumis’s political ideas and suggestions with regard to the accomplishment of Greek claims in Macedonia and Thrace. The legitimizing criteria and arguments he suggested varied according to the audience and the particular moment of their formulation. Overall, they reflected the inconsistent, irrational, and anachronistic character of Greek nationalism, which, owing to the unfavorable ethnographic, political, and diplomatic position of the Greek side, could only resort to an invented past, to the “superiority” of the Greek culture, and, finally, to social Darwinism, in order to justify its claims.
The Story of Ali Retzo : Brechtian Theater in Greece under the Military Dictatorship
Authors: Van Steen Gonda
Published: May 2013

Brecht’s epic theater offers a valuable platform for examining the intense political drama that unfolded in Greece of the late 1950s through mid-1970s. Petros Markaris launched Brecht’s reception with the comprehensive approach of “rewriting” the German author. In 1971, the Free Theater staged The Story of Ali Retzo , a 1965 play that Markaris had composed in the Brechtian vein with poetic overtones. The production became a collective effort to subject the military regime of 1967 to the probing lens of dialectic theater. Set in a mid-twentieth-century Turkish village, The Story of Ali Retzo captured a postmodernist ethos of ambivalence, which questioned oppressive power structures and social inequities. Markaris used the “distant” setting to investigate the problems posed by capitalism, mechanization, and exploitative means of production. The Free Theater’s show became a tremendous success for expressing the frustration of unreconciled audiences and of an “unruly” youth movement. Also, it laid out a model for a new, radical understanding of theater as process. The Story of Ali Retzo is remembered to this day as a definitive Brechtian moment in Greek theater under the dictatorship. It marked a sociocultural as well as a theatrical breakthrough, if not a (modest) revolution.
“Above all Authority!”: Morality, Class, and Transgression in Greek Film Comedies
Authors: Katsan Gerasimus
Published: May 2013

Greek film comedies of the period 1950–1970 have often been characterized as escapist and non-political. However, several comedies of the period present a depiction of class and gender issues that couch serious social themes as well as criticism of the institutions of authority in Greek society within their comedic structure. Some scholars assert that these films serve to reify the dominance of authoritative social structures, but that generalization is open to debate. Based on the work of several scholars, this article uses a Bakhtinian framework to consider the transgressive possibilities of several comedies of the period, and examines the ways they critique the authority of class structures in Greek society. Rather than simply maintaining the status quo, they suggest a larger moral/ethical standard that transcends the institutions of authority and offers hope for social justice.
Bohemians and Shenanigans in the 1920s French Quarter an excerpt from Dixie Bohemia
Authors: Reed John Shelton
Published: May 2013

“Another attraction was what their friend Flo Field remembered years later as a ‘death-defying platform’ built over the roof. Reached through a window, it offered an escape from the stifling heat of a New Orleans attic, and at one party Faulkner unsuccessfully tried to persuade Field to crawl outside—four floors above the street—with him.”
The Poutin’ House
Authors: Jackson Harvey H.
Published: May 2013

“There, every Wednesday, my Daddy presided over what those assembled called ‘prayer meeting,’ because that was what it wasn’t.”
A War in Black and White: The Cartoons of Norman Ethre Jennett & the North Carolina Election of 1898
Authors: Williams Rachel Marie-Crane
Published: May 2013

“Simmons, Aycock, and Daniels used their influence, oratorial skills, and the press to create a rape scare, demonize and humiliate black men and women, spread a violent white supremacist ideology, and reclaim the North Carolina Legislature for the Democratic Party.”
“My Integrity Means More Than a Dollar Bill”: Crandall Fountain’s Intentional Agrarianism
Authors: Fowler Christopher
Published: May 2013

“Enter our story’s main character. His response to agribusiness is what makes this story unique.”
Front Porch
Authors: Watson Harry L.
Published: May 2013

“Though the Hard South cannot be evaded, most southerners know there is more to the region than that. The Soft South is here as well, cheek by jowl with its evil twin. Can we have one without the other?”
Flip
Authors: Chitwood Michael
Published: May 2013

“There are miracles in this world but they are working-class, Wednesday morning miracles . . .”
Would Slavery Have Survived Without the Civil War?: Economic Factors in the American South During the Antebellum and Postbellum Eras
Authors: Coclanis Peter A. , Engerman Stanley L.
Published: May 2013

“How long could slavery have continued to yield adequate financial returns to owners, putting aside any benefits in terms of non-pecuniary factors, such as the consumption of power, prestige, or the love to domineer?”
My Inner Hillbilly
Authors: McFee Michael
Published: May 2013

“I never ate Kellogg’s Frosted Sugar Stars (cereal mascot character: Hillbilly Goat), and I never saw a single episode of The Beverly Hillbillies or Hee Haw , because the nearby ridges kept our flimsy rooftop T V antenna from pulling in CBS shows.”
The Music of Ben-Hur
Authors: Solomon Jon
Published: May 2013

This paper surveys musical compositions inspired by Lew Wallace’s Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880) and composed between 1886 and 1909. The novel’s three lyrical passages were set as art-songs by distinguished American classical composers, and as parlor pieces by lesser known composers. Wallace’s detailed description of the Antioch chariot race between Ben-Hur and Messala suggested a descriptive symphonic poem to John Philip Sousa and a rag-style march to the lesser known E. T. Paull. The latter’s popularity proliferated in many of the newly invented mechanical means of reproducing music. In addition, initiation rituals of The Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur employed their own music. Lastly, the music of the Ben-Hur Cantata and Edgar Stillman Kelley’s incidental music for Klaw & Erlanger’s Ben-Hur are briefly discussed.
Trends in Hospitalization Rates and Severity of Injuries From Abuse in Young Children, 1997–2009
Authors: Farst Karen , Ambadwar Pratibha B. , King Andrew J. , Bird T. M. , Robbins James M.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVES:

To examine trends in incidence of hospitalizations for injury from abuse in young children from 1997 through 2009 and to examine injury severity trends.

METHODS:

Cases were identified in the National Inpatient Sample database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for child maltreatment and external cause of injury for assault in children aged 0 through 3 years. Incidence was calculated by age, gender, and region. Trends in incidence of hospitalization and injury severity were calculated over time.

RESULTS:

Hospitalization rates for injury from abuse showed no significant change over the study period, ranging from a low of 2.10 per 10 000 children in 1998 to a high of 3.01 per 10 000 children in 2005 (P = .755). Children aged <1 had significantly higher hospitalization rates for injury from abuse (6.01 vs 1.12, P <.001) and higher mean injury severity scores compared with children aged 1 to 3 years (12.50, SD = 0.14 vs 8.56, SD = 0.21, P <.001). Injury severity scores increased significantly over the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

No significant change in hospitalization rates for injury from abuse among young children was observed from 1997 to 2009. These results coincide with other reports of stable or modestly increasing rates of serious physical abuse or death in young children but not with reports from child welfare data showing declines in physical abuse during the same period. Diverse sources of data may provide important complementary methods to track child abuse.
Maternal Mosaicism Confounds the Neonatal Diagnosis of Type 1 Timothy Syndrome
Authors: Dufendach Keith A. , Giudicessi John R. , Boczek Nicole J. , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: May 2013

The presence of 2 distinct populations of somatic or germline cells within a single individual harboring different genotypes is termed mosaicism. Recent reports suggest that parental mosaicism is involved in the heritability of type 1 Timothy syndrome (TS1), an extremely rare and life-threatening multisystem disorder characterized by severe QT interval prolongation, syndactyly, and several other complications. Although full TS1 is caused by a single missense mutation in the CACNA1C-encoded cardiac calcium channel, mosaic TS1 parents can display isolated syndactyly without additional phenotypic manifestations. A newborn boy presented with syndactyly at birth. The presence of syndactyly in his mother led to a diagnosis of benign familial syndactyly. However, at 9 months of age, during his first syndactyly-corrective surgery, intraoperative electrocardiograms revealed extreme QT prolongation and 2:1 atrioventricular block. A comprehensive cardiac evaluation was performed, and both mother and child were tested genetically, confirming a clinical suspicion of TS1. Only the patient tested positive for the TS1 mutation; however, more extensive molecular testing revealed a limited presence of the mutation in maternally-derived DNA. This case illustrates the potential of parental mosaicism to confound the diagnosis of potentially life-threatening genetic diseases, such as TS1. Here, a mother with a partial TS1 phenotype and genetically confirmed mosaicism transmitted the TS1-causative mutation to her son, resulting in fully expressive TS1. Thus, a shared partial phenotype should not be dismissed as a benign or insignificant finding, but should be evaluated further to rule out the possibility of parental mosaicism concealing a potentially fatal heritable disease.
Is adolescent pregnancy a risk factor for low birth weight?
Authors: Guimarães Alzira Maria D'avila Nery , Bettiol Heloísa , Souza Luiz De , Gurgel Ricardo Q , Almeida Maria Luiza Dória , Ribeiro Eleonora Ramos De Oliveira , GoldaniV Marcelo Z , Barbieri Marco Antônio
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether adolescent pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) babies. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborns from a birth cohort in Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected consecutively from March to July 2005. Information collected included socioeconomic, biological and reproductive aspects of the mothers, using a standardized questionnaire. The impact of early pregnancy on birth weight was evaluated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We studied 4,746 pairs of mothers and their babies. Of these, 20.6% were adolescents (< 20 years of age). Adolescent mothers had worse socioeconomic and reproductive conditions and perinatal outcomes when compared to other age groups. Having no prenatal care and smoking during pregnancy were the risk factors associated with low birth weight. Adolescent pregnancy, when linked to marital status "without partner", was associated with an increased proportion of low birth weight babies. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescence was a risk factor for LBW only for mothers without partners. Smoking during pregnancy and lack of prenatal care were considered to be independent risk factors for LBW.
Índice de alimentação saudável para gestantes: adaptação para uso em gestantes brasileiras
Authors: Melere Cristiane , Hoffmann Juliana Feliciati , Nunes Maria Angélica Antunes , Drehmer Michele , Buss Caroline , Ozcariz Silvia Giselle Ibarra , Soares Rafael Marques , Manzolli Patricia Portantiolo , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Camey Suzi Alves
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade global da dieta em uma amostra de gestantes, a partir de um parâmetro único, simples e objetivo. MÉTODOS: Gestantes entre a 16ª e 36ª semana de gestação (n = 712) foram arroladas em unidades básicas de saúde em Porto Alegre e Bento Gonçalves, RS, em 2010. Com base no índice americano Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) foi criado o Índice de Alimentação Saudável para Gestantes Brasileiras (HEIP-B). Foram aplicados o questionário de frequência alimentar e o questionário sociodemográfico. Foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais focada para avaliar a relação entre os índices e os nutrientes relevantes à gestação. RESULTADOS: A mediana e o intervalo interquartílico dos índices AHEI-P e HEIP-B foram 66,6 (57,8-72,4) e 67,4 (60,0-73,4), respectivamente. O HEIP-B mostrou boa correlação positiva com os nutrientes que têm recomendação específica no período gestacional folato (r = 0,8; p < 0,001), cálcio (r = 0,6; p < 0,001) e ferro (r = 0,7; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade da dieta das gestantes do presente estudo foi classificada dentro do ponto de corte "precisando de melhorias", o que mostra a necessidade de se trabalhar mais especificamente com educação alimentar nesse ciclo da vida. O índice aplicado mostrou boas correlações e, portanto, pode ser considerado um bom instrumento de avaliação da qualidade da alimentação durante a gestação.
Aleitamento materno e sua influência nas habilidades orais de crianças
Authors: Silveira Lisiane Martins Da , Prade Leila Sauer , Ruedell Aneline Maria , Haeffner Léris Salete Bonfanti , Weinmann Angela Regina Maciel
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de hábitos orais e do aleitamento materno sobre as habilidades orais de crianças. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que avaliou as habilidades orais de 125 crianças nascidas a termo, aos nove meses de idade, pertencentes à macrorregião centro-oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de agosto de 2010 a março de 2011. As variáveis estudadas incluíram avaliação das habilidades orais e informações sobre o aleitamento materno e a introdução da alimentação complementar. Análise de regressão logística simples e múltipla foi utilizada na análise dos resultados. RESULTADOS: O aleitamento materno influenciou positivamente a aquisição das habilidades orais de sucção das crianças aos nove meses de idade (OR 3,1; IC95% 1,2;8,3) e o hábito de usar a chupeta influenciou negativamente tais habilidades (OR 0,1; IC95% 0,03;0,6). CONCLUSÕES: O aleitamento materno contribuiu para o amadurecimento orofacial, pois melhorou a habilidade oral de sucção. O uso da chupeta mostrou alterar o funcionamento do sistema estomatognático. Os pais devem ser esclarecidos e recomendados a evitar o uso de chupetas durante a infância.
Participación social y calidad en los servicios de salud: la experiencia del aval ciudadano en México
Authors: Nigenda-López Gustavo H , Juárez-Ramírez Clara , Ruiz-Larios José A , Herrera Cristina M
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Analizar la experiencia del aval ciudadano en el sistema de salud mexicano en la mejora de los servicios de salud. METODOS: Estudio de corte cualitativo en ocho estados de México en 2008. Se evaluaron diferentes aspectos del programa nacional para mejorar la calidad de los servicios de salud. Se compara la estrategia de México con otras experiencias en América Latina. RESULTADOS: Se exponen los avances y problemas del funcionamiento del aval ciudadano, figura que promueve la participación social en salud de la población. CONCLUSIONES: El aval ciudadano es una figura con gran potencial para representar a los usuarios en los servicios de salud y transmitir sus demandas de mejora de la calidad de la atención médica.
Diferencas entre as medidas do indice-h geradas em distintas fontes bibliograficas e engenho de busca
Authors: Barreto Mauricio Lima , Aragao Erika , Sousa Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de , Santana Taris Maria , Barata Rita Barradas
Published: May 2013

MÉTODOS: Comparou-se a produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros bolsistas 1-A do CNPq, das áreas da saúde coletiva, imunologia e medicina. Os índices-h de cada pesquisador foram estimados com base no Web of Science , Scopus e Google Acadêmico. Foram estimadas as medianas dos índices-h para os grupos de pesquisadores em cada área, e para comparar as diferenças foram usados, de acordo com cada fonte, o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal- Wallis e as comparações múltiplas de Behrens-Fisher. RESULTADOS: A área da imunologia apresentou mediana dos índices-h mais alta que os da Saúde Coletiva e da Medicina quando se utiliza a base Web of Science . Porém, essa diferença desapareceu quando a comparação foi feita utilizando a base Scopus ou o Google Acadêmico. CONCLUSÕES: A emergência do Google Acadêmico traz a um novo patamar as discussões sobre a medida do impacto bibliométrico das publicações cientificas. Áreas com fortes componentes profissionais, em que o conhecimento produzido é e deve ser publicado também na língua nativa, vis-a-vis sua difusão para a comunidade internacional, têm padrão de publicações e citações científicas diferente de áreas exclusivas ou predominantemente acadêmicas e mais bem captado pelo Google Acadêmico. OBJETIVO: Analisar a utilização do índice-h como medida do impacto bibliográfico da produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros.
Tuberculosis in indigenous children in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Gava Caroline , Malacarne Jocieli , Rios Diana Patrícia Giraldo , Sant'Anna Clemax Couto , Camacho Luiz Antônio Bastos , Basta Paulo Cesar
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: Assess the epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in Brazilian indigenous children and actions to control it. METHODS: An epidemiological study was performed with 356 children from 0 to 14 years of age in Rondônia State, Amazon, Brazil, during the period 1997-2006. Cases of TB reported to the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System were divided into indigenous and non-indigenous categories and analyzed according to sex, age group, place of residence, clinical form, diagnostic tests and treatment outcome. A descriptive analysis of cases and hypothesis test (χ²) was carried out to verify if there were differences in the proportions of illness between the groups investigated. RESULTS: A total of 356 TB cases were identified (125 indigenous, 231 non-indigenous) of which 51.4% of the cases were in males. In the indigenous group, 60.8% of the cases presented in children aged 0-4 years old. The incidence mean was much higher among indigenous; in 2001, 1,047.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants were reported in children aged < 5 years. Pulmonary TB was reported in more than 80% of the cases, and in both groups over 70% of the cases were cured. Cultures and histopathological exams were performed on only 10% of the patients. There were 3 cases of TB/HIV co-infection in the non-indigenous group and none in the indigenous group. The case detection rate was classified as insufficient or fair in more than 80% of the indigenous population notifications, revealing that most of the diagnoses were performed based on chest x-ray. CONCLUSIONS: The approach used in this study proved useful in demonstrating inequalities in health between indigenous and non-indigenous populations and was superior to the conventional analyses performed by the surveillance services, drawing attention to the need to improve childhood TB diagnosis among the indigenous population.
Persisting problems related to race and ethnicity in public health and epidemiology research
Authors: Moubarac Jean-Claude
Published: May 2013

A recent and comprehensive review of the use of race and ethnicity in research that address health disparities in epidemiology and public health is provided. First it is described the theoretical basis upon which race and ethnicity differ drawing from previous work in anthropology, social science and public health. Second, it is presented a review of 280 articles published in high impacts factor journals in regards to public health and epidemiology from 2009-2011. An analytical grid enabled the examination of conceptual, theoretical and methodological questions related to the use of both concepts. The majority of articles reviewed were grounded in a theoretical framework and provided interpretations from various models. However, key problems identified include a) a failure from researchers to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity; b) an inappropriate use of racial categories to ascribe ethnicity; c) a lack of transparency in the methods used to assess both concepts; and d) failure to address limits associated with the construction of racial or ethnic taxonomies and their use. In conclusion, future studies examining health disparities should clearly establish the distinction between race and ethnicity, develop theoretically driven research and address specific questions about the relationships between race, ethnicity and health. One argue that one way to think about ethnicity, race and health is to dichotomize research into two sets of questions about the relationship between human diversity and health.
Das hepatopatias e icterícias às hepatites virais: configuração de um caleidoscópio
Authors: Gaze Rosangela , Carvalho Diana Maul de , Santoro-Lopes Guilherme , Tura Luiz Fernando Rangel
Published: May 2013

As hepatites virais A, B, C, D e E - viroses sistêmicas hepatotrópicas - produzem quadros de hepatite aguda. Dependendo do agente etiológico, da carga viral e de condições do hospedeiro, podem evoluir para hepatite crônica, cirrose, câncer de fígado e formas agudas fulminantes. A versatilidade ecológica desses vírus configura uma natureza espectral e cambiante de transmissão no tempo e no espaço; potencializada pelo curso subclínico por vezes prolongado de grande parte das infecções, constitui-se em desafio epidemiológico. Com base no curso histórico dessas infecções foram descritos cenários e tendências relativas ao seu comportamento socioepidemiológico, apontando para a necessidade de superar modelos, padrões, protocolos e retornar à investigação de cada situação de saúde/doença. Ou seja, assinala para a imprescindível exploração das singularidades no sentido de desenvolver ações gerais modeladas pelas especificidades locais.
Organizadores e cortadores de comprimidos: riscos e restrições ao uso
Authors: Borja-Oliveira Caroline Ribeiro de
Published: May 2013

Com base em análise documental, foram discutidas e problematizadas as limitações associadas à utilização de organizadores e cortadores de comprimidos, como questão de saúde pública. Os organizadores destinados ao armazenamento e transporte de comprimidos e cápsulas expõem essas formas farmacêuticas a fatores ambientais dos quais estariam protegidos em suas embalagens originais, comprometendo sua estabilidade, eficácia e segurança. Os cortadores oferecem risco adicional quanto a perda da eficácia, reações adversas e intoxicação. Por outro lado, o transporte de medicamentos pelo usuário é reflexo da conciliação entre autonomia e autocuidado e a partição de comprimidos é necessária para cumprir certos regimes posológicos. Conclui-se que cabe aos profissionais observar e orientar pacientes e cuidadores, visando à adequação dessas condutas e à prevenção dos riscos envolvidos.
Uso das redes neurais artificiais na aplicação de metodologia para alocação de recursos da saúde
Authors: Rosas Marina Araújo , Bezerra Adriana Falangola Benjamin , Duarte-Neto Paulo José
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Descrever a construção de fator de alocação de recursos financeiros com base na necessidade em saúde da população. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, com dados coletados em bases de domínio público, referentes ao estado de Pernambuco nos anos entre 2000 e 2010. Foram selecionadas variáveis que refletissem os indicadores epidemiológicos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e educacionais para compor um fator de alocação que apontasse as necessidades de saúde da população. As fontes pesquisadas foram: Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde, Tesouro Nacional e dados da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco de 2000 a 2010, de acordo com a disponibilidade da informação mais recente. Foi realizada a correlação linear de Pearson e, para o cálculo do fator de alocação, a análise pelas Redes Neurais Artificiais. Os quartis dos municípios foram definidos segundo as necessidades em saúde. RESULTADOS: A distribuição apresentada aponta a Região Litorânea e boa parte da Região da Mata Norte e Sul e do Agreste Setentrional e Central situados no Quartil 1, este com o maior número de municípios. O Agreste Meridional teve municípios em todos os quartis. Na Região do Pajeú/Moxotó, grande parte dos municípios esteve no Quartil 1. Semelhante distribuição foi verificada no Sertão Central. No Araripe, a maioria dos municípios esteve nos Quartis 3 ou 4 e a Região do São Francisco ficou dividida entre os Quartis 1, 2 e 3. CONCLUSÕES: O fator de alocação agregou os municípios pernambucanos, por agrupar variáveis que são relacionadas com as necessidades em saúde da população, e separou os que possuem extremas necessidades de maior aporte financeiro daqueles que precisam com menor intensidade.
Avaliação de serviços de assistência ambulatorial em aids, Brasil: estudo comparativo 2001/2007
Authors: Nemes Maria Ines Battistella , Alencar Tatianna Meirelles Dantas , Basso Cáritas Relva , Castanheira Elen Rose Lodeiro , Melchior Regina , Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares De Britto E , Caraciolo Joselita Maria Magalhães , Santos Maria Altenfelder
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro de assistência ambulatorial a adultos vivendo com aids em 2007 e comparar com a avaliação de 2001. MÉTODOS: Os 636 serviços cadastrados no Ministério da Saúde em 2007 foram convidados a responder a um questionário previamente validado (Questionário Qualiaids) com 107 questões de múltipla escolha sobre a organização da assistência prestada. Analisaram-se as frequências das respostas de 2007 comparando-as com as obtidas em 2001 na forma de variação percentual (VP). RESULTADOS: Responderam o questionário 504 (79,2%) serviços. Cerca de 100,0% dos respondentes relataram ter pelo menos um médico, suprimento sem falhas de antirretrovirais e de exames CD4 e carga viral. Vários aspectos mostraram melhor desempenho em 2007 comparados a 2001: registro de número de faltas à consulta médica (de 18,3 para 27,0%, VP: 47,5%), agendamento de consulta em menos de 15 dias no início da terapia antirretroviral (de 55,3 para 66,2%, VP: 19,7%) e participação organizada do usuário (de 5,9 para 16,7%, VP: 183,1%). Houve manutenção de dificuldades: pequena variação na disponibilidade de exames especializados em até 15 dias, como endoscopia (31,9 para 34,5%, VP: 8,1%), e a piora de indicadores como tempo ideal de acesso a consultas especializadas (55,9 para 34,5% em cardiologia, VP negativa de 38,3%). O tempo médio despendido nas consultas médicas de seguimento manteve-se baixo: 15 minutos ou menos (52,5 para 49,5%, VP negativa de 5,8%). CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação de 2007 mostrou que os serviços contam com os recursos essenciais para a assistência ambulatorial. Houve melhoras em muitos aspectos em relação a 2001, mas persistem desafios. Pouco tempo dedicado à consulta médica pode estar vinculado ao número insuficiente de médicos e/ou à baixa capacidade de escuta e diálogo. A acessibilidade prejudicada a consultas especializadas mostra a dificuldade das infraestruturas locais do Sistema Único de Saúde.