bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted prostate biopsy using three‐dimensional ultrasound‐based organ‐tracking technology: Initial experience in Japan
Authors: Yamada Yasuhiro , Fujihara Atsuko , Shiraishi Takumi , Ueda Takashi , Yamada Takeshi , Ueno Akihisa , Inoue Yuta , Kaneko Masatomo , Kamoi Kazumi , Hongo Fumiya , Okihara Koji , Ukimura Osamu
Published: February 2019

Objective

To evaluate the impact of magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted prostate biopsy on the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer using real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound‐based organ‐tracking technology.

Methods

The present study was a retrospective review of 262 consecutive patients with prostate‐specific antigen of 7.1 ng/mL (interquartile range 4.0–19.8). All patients received pre‐biopsy magnetic resonance imaging and had a suspicious lesion for clinically significant prostate cancer. All patients underwent a combination of systematic biopsy (6 cores) and three‐dimensional ultrasound‐based magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (2 cores). The positive rate of any cancer, positive rate of clinically significant prostate cancer, Gleason score and maximum cancer core length were compared between systematic biopsy versus magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted prostate biopsy.

Results

Overall, the positive rate of any cancer per patient was 61% (160/262) in systematic biopsy versus 79% (207/262) in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P < 0.0001); and that of clinically significant prostate cancer per patient was 46% (120/262) in systematic biopsy versus 70% (181/262) in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P < 0.0001). The positive rate of any cancer per core was 21.7% (330/1523) in systematic biopsy versus 68.6% (406/592) in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P < 0.0001), and that of clinically significant prostate cancer per core was 12.7% (193/1423) in systematic biopsy versus 60.3% (357/592) in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P < 0.0001). Adding systematic biopsy leads to 13 more cancer cases (5%). The distribution of Gleason score (6/7/8/9/10) was 59/71/23/6/1 in systematic biopsy versus 48/105/36/15/2 in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P = 0.005). The maximum cancer core length was 5 mm (0.5–16) in systematic biopsy versus 8 mm (1–19 mm) in magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional ultrasound‐based magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy seems to be associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer, with fewer cores than systematic random biopsy. However, significant cancer can still be detected by the systematic technique only. A combination of systematic biopsy with the targeted biopsy technique would avoid the underdiagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Temporary Labour–Migration System and Long–term Residence Strategies in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Valenta Marko , Knowlton Kaley Elizabeth , Jakobsen Jo , Al Awad Mouawiya , Strabac Zan
Published: February 2019

The United Arab Emirates’ migration system, the sponsorship–based kafala system, is defined as a temporary labour–migration regime. Although there are policies making permanent residence unattainable for virtually all migrants, it is still relevant to explore the temporality of migrations in the UAE. The purpose of this study is to investigate developments in migration, migration policies and population trends in the country, including trends that concern the duration of migrants’ stay. We also identify some of the major strategies used by migrants to prolong their sojourn in the UAE. It is maintained that the migrant stock has increased continuously in the last decades and that a large number of migrants devise strategies to continue their residence and remain in the country for years. The authors also identify and discuss migrants’ transition within and in‐between regularity and irregularity, and analyse the reasons for utilizing different strategies over time.
A membership categorization analysis of roles, activities and relationships in inclusive research conducted by co‐researchers with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Frankena Tessa K. , Naaldenberg Jenneken , Tobi Hilde , van der Cruijsen Anneke , Jansen Henk , van Schrojenstein Lantman ‐ de Valk Henny , Leusink Geraline , Cardol Mieke
Published: February 2019

Background

Inclusive research is studied mainly in short‐term collaborations between researchers with and without intellectual disabilities focusing on practicalities. Structural study of long‐term collaborations can provide insight into different roles of inclusive researchers, thereby contributing to a collective approach.

Method

Interviews with inclusive research team members (n = 3), colleagues (n = 8), and managers (n = 2) and three group discussions within the inclusive research team were held. Data were analysed following membership categorization analysis (MCA) adapted to the needs of the inclusive research team.

Results

This MCA provides insight into the complexity of inclusive research, reflected in the multitude of identified roles and activities. Analysis indicates that researchers with and without intellectual disabilities complement each other.

Conclusions

The activities identified in this study provide valuable information for discussing roles and responsibilities from the outset, so that dialogue starts at the core of inclusive research: the process between researchers with and without intellectual disabilities.
Effectiveness of medication reviews in identifying and reducing medication‐related problems among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Nabhanizadeh Amal , Oppewal Alyt , Boot Fleur Heleen , Maes‐Festen Dederieke
Published: February 2019

Background

Polypharmacy is common in people with intellectual disabilities. Using multiple medication may lead to unintended medication‐related problems (MRPs). Medication review may serve as a tool to reduce MRPs. This systematic review assessed the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of medication reviews in identifying and reducing MRPs in people with intellectual disabilities.

Method

Literature databases were searched up to August 2017. Studies were selected that included the effect of medication reviews on identifying and/or reducing MRPs in people with intellectual disabilities with no restriction of type of medication, age and level of intellectual disabilities.

Results

The eight studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria report that systematic medication reviews appear to assist in the identification and reduction of MRPs.

Conclusion

There is a lack of studies about the effect of medication reviews on identification and reduction of MRPs, especially health outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities. Further studies with long‐term follow‐up are needed.
Acid‐sensing ion channel 1a is involved in ischaemia/reperfusion induced kidney injury by increasing renal epithelia cell apoptosis
Authors: Song Nana , Lu Zhihui , Zhang Jian , Shi Yiqin , Ning Yichun , Chen Jing , Jin Shi , Shen Bo , Fang Yi , Zou Jianzhou , Teng Jie , Chu Xiang-Ping , Shen Linlin , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2019

Acidic microenvironment is commonly observed in ischaemic tissue. In the kidney, extracellular pH dropped from 7.4 to 6.5 within 10 minutes initiation of ischaemia. Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) can be activated by pH drops from 7.4 to 7.0 or lower and permeates to Ca2+entrance. Thus, activation of ASIC1a can mediate the intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and play crucial roles in apoptosis of cells. However, the role of ASICs in renal ischaemic injury is unclear. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ischaemia increases renal epithelia cell apoptosis through ASIC1a‐mediated calcium entry. The results show that ASIC1a distributed in the proximal tubule with higher level in the renal tubule ischaemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Injection of ASIC1a inhibitor PcTx‐1 previous to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) operation attenuated renal ischaemic injury. In vitro, HK‐2 cells were pre‐treated with PcTx‐1 before hypoxia, the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆ψm) and apoptosis was measured. Blocking ASIC1a attenuated I/R induced Ca2+ overflow, loss of ∆ψm and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells. The results revealed that ASIC1a localized in the proximal tubular and contributed to I/R induced kidney injury. Consequently, targeting the ASIC1a may prove to be a novel strategy for AKI patients.
Inhibition of P53/miR‐34a improves diabetic endothelial dysfunction via activation of SIRT1
Authors: Wu Junduo , Liang Wenzhao , Tian Yueli , Ma Fuzhe , Huang Wenlin , Jia Ye , Jiang Ziping , Wu Hao
Published: February 2019

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to diabetic macrovascular complications, resulting in high mortality. Recent findings demonstrate a pathogenic role of P53 in endothelial dysfunction, encouraging the investigation of the effect of P53 inhibition on diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Thus, high glucose (HG)‐treated endothelial cells (ECs) were subjected to pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α)—a specific inhibitor of P53, or P53‐small interfering RNA (siRNA), both of which attenuated the HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, inhibition of P53 by PFT‐α or P53‐siRNA prohibited P53 acetylation, decreased microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) level, leading to a dramatic increase in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein level. Interestingly, the miR‐34a inhibitor (miR‐34a‐I) and PFT‐α increased SIRT1 protein level and alleviated the HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress to a similar extent; however, these effects of PFT‐α were completely abrogated by the miR‐34a mimic. In addition, SIRT1 inhibition by EX‐527 or Sirt1‐siRNA completely abolished miR‐34a‐I's protection against HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, in the aortas of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice, both PFT‐α and miR‐34a‐I rescued the inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperglycaemia. Hence, the present study has uncovered a P53/miR‐34a/SIRT1 pathway that leads to endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that P53/miR‐34a inhibition could be a viable strategy in the management of diabetic macrovascular diseases.
Extensive cutaneous necrosis in monoclonal cryoglobulinemia: an example of monoclonal gammopathy of cutaneous significance
Authors: Lipsker D.
Published: February 2019

Linked article: This article is commented on by T. Gambichler et al., pp. e166–e167 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15403.
In vitro inhibitory effect of tea extracts on starch digestibility
Authors: Ayim Ishmael , Ma Haile , Alenyorege Evans Adingba , Duan Yuqing
Published: February 2019

The effect of brown, oolong, and green teas’ extract on the in vitro inhibition of starch digestibility of cassava, corn, plantain, and yam was explored. The starches exhibited moderately low hydrolysis rate and had moderate resistant starch ratios. Tea metabolites after extraction at different temperatures were quantified and correlated to starch inhibition at 1% introduction using principal component analysis (PCA). Total polyphenols (TP), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)‐catechin gallate (CG), and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were positively correlated with starch digestion inhibition especially in the first and second hours of digestion. The (+)‐catechin (C) and Total flavonoids (TF) in the teas, however, had a negative correlation with starch inhibition. Green tea extracts were more effective in starch digestion inhibition followed by brown tea and then oolong. TP, EGC, GCG, CG, and EGCG from green tea had the strongest inhibitory effect on starch digestion and that purified extracts of these compounds could be used at a statistically optimized combination to formulate diets with improved hypoglycemic potential.

Practical applications

In order to identify key components in tea responsible for hypoglycemic effect, tea extracts from three different source and their starch inhibitory properties were analyzed using starches from four plant sources. To this end, key components in the tea varieties were identified with potential hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, diets with potential hypoglycemic effect could be formulated using purified extracts from tea such as TP, (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐gallocatechin gallate, (−)‐catechin gallate, and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate under optimized conditions.
Oral care practices in non‐mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: An integrative review
Authors: Emery Kimberly Paige , Guido‐Sanz Frank
Published: February 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore current oral care practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Background

Oral hygiene is an important aspect of nursing care in hospitalised populations. Oral care is a disease preventive and cost‐effective measure for patients, particularly in ICU patients. Numerous studies support the value of oral care practices in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Due to evidence supporting the benefits of oral care in nonmechanically ventilated patients, it would be beneficial to examine the literature for oral care practices in this population.

Methodology

Literature searches of the following databases were performed: CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Three peer‐reviewed articles were included in the review after inclusion criteria were applied. Findings were appraised, organised conceptually and synthesised using Torraco (2016b) as a guiding framework. Evidence was appraised using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐based Practice Rating Scale. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed, when applicable.

Results

Findings support the existing gap in the literature of oral hygiene practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patients. Themes included the type of oral care products used, frequencies of oral care, documented oral care practices and personnel that performed the care.

Study implications

This integrative review identified an important gap in the literature for oral care practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patient populations. Further research on current oral care practices and development of evidence‐based guidelines for this population are recommended.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses should provide oral care to all hospitalised patients and follow oral care guidelines specific to their population, if available.
Neoliberal Ideology and the Justification of Inequality in Capitalist Societies: Why Social and Economic Dimensions of Ideology Are Intertwined
Authors: Azevedo Flavio , Jost John T. , Rothmund Tobias , Sterling Joanna
Published: February 2019

In this article we analyze data from high‐quality surveys conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom that included multiple symbolic and operational measures of political ideology and psychological orientations. Our overarching goal is to elucidate the nature of conceptual and empirical connections between neoliberalism and social conservatism. In so doing, we revisit three major questions about public opinion in neoliberal societies: (1) Are ordinary citizens “innocent” of ideology? (2) Are social and economic dimensions of ideology structurally and functionally independent? (3) Are support for laissez‐faire capitalism and opposition to welfare—hallmarks of neoliberal ideology—unrelated or negatively related to authoritarianism? In contrast to previous investigations relying upon fewer and poorer measures, we found that ordinary citizens do indeed hold coherent political attitudes, and their attitudes about social and economic issues are closely aligned. For instance, we observed that for five previously published ideological instruments, social and economic attitudes were robustly correlated in two large U.S. samples (withrs ranging from .40 to .69)—for respondents who were relatively low (.31 ≤r≤ .60) as well as high in political sophistication (.50 ≤r≤ .77). Contradicting prior claims, we found no evidence that support for the free market was negatively associated with authoritarianism for any group of respondents or any measure of authoritarianism. On the contrary, economic conservatism and the endorsement of neoliberal attitudes were strongly associated with right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, economic system justification, and gender‐specific system justification (withrs ranging from .53 to .76). We conclude that the political belief systems of ordinary citizens are coherently organized around support for versus opposition tobothsocial and economic forms of inequality in contemporary capitalist societies.
Sweeter together? Assessing the combined influence of product‐related and contextual factors on perceived sweetness of fruit beverages
Authors: Wang Qian Janice , Mielby Line Ahm , Thybo Anette Kistrup , Bertelsen Anne Sjørup , Kidmose Ulla , Spence Charles , Byrne Derek Victor
Published: February 2019

It is well‐known that multiple sensory cues influence flavor perception and liking. The present study aimed to combine and compare the relative influences of product‐related and contextual factors on taste perception and liking, with a focus on the perception of sweetness. Participants tasted samples of the same base fruit beverage with one of three different levels of added aroma, while the contextual cues (either visual or auditory) were displayed simultaneously using iPads. The results revealed that both added aroma and background music significantly influenced participants' sweetness ratings, with a medium level of added aroma enhancing sweetness significantly as compared to no added aroma, and with the sweet‐congruent soundtrack enhancing perceived sweetness significantly as compared to the bitter‐congruent soundtrack. Moreover, there was a potentially additive effect from the combination of aroma and soundtrack. These results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms underlying multisensory flavor perception.

Practical applications

Consumers are nearly always exposed to a multisensory environment whenever they consume food and drink. It is therefore important to acknowledge that, beyond the food itself, what people happen to be exposed to in the environment while eating or drinking can influence their multisensory flavor experiences as well. These results are of relevance for those working on understanding a theoretical model of human sweetness perception, as well as those working on the design of healthier, sugar‐reduced food products. Indeed, the knowledge that multiple sensory cues can, at least under the appropriate conditions, work in conjunction to deliver a greater modulation of perceived taste will allow designers to come up with more effective sugar‐reduced products without reducing consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of sensory and augmented reality applications means that manufacturers can now incorporate external visual and auditory content as part of the total multisensory product experience.
Abyssinone V, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha increases oxidative stress and decreases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Koch Karoline , Schulz Gabriel , Döring Wera , Büchter Christian , Havermann Susannah , Mutiso Patrick Chalo , Passreiter Claus , Wätjen Wim
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Recent studies showed that distinct extracts of Erythrina species used in the traditional medicine of sub-Saharan Africa are protective against stress conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as relevant compounds remain unclear.

Methods

We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate compounds isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha (abyssinone V (1), abyssinon-4′O-methylether (2), sigmoidin B-4′O-methylether (3), glabranin (4), 8-prenylnaringenin (5), citflavanone (6), exiguaflavanone (7) and homoeriodictyol (8)). Antioxidative capacity in vitro (trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity assay) and modulation of oxidative stress in vivo (2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein assay) were investigated; stress resistance was analysed using the nucleic acid stain SYTOX green.

Key findings

None of the prenylated flavonoids caused protection against thermal stress; in contrast, most of the compounds (1, 4, 5, 8) decreased stress resistance. None of the compounds decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, but abyssinone V (1) caused an increase in oxidative stress. In line with these results, none of these compounds showed radical-scavenging effects in vitro.

Conclusions

The stem bark of E. melanacantha contains various prenylated flavonoids, but no compound protected C. elegans against stress conditions. In contrast, abyssinone V increases oxidative stress and reduces stress resistance in this model organism.
Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma‐associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole body computed tomographic study
Authors: Carloni Andrea , Terragni Rossella , Morselli‐Labate Antonio Maria , Paninarova Michaela , Graham John , Valenti Paola , Alberti Monica , Albarello Giulia , Millanta Francesca , Vignoli Massimo
Published: February 2019

Background

Skeletal muscle metastases (SMMs) have been described sporadically in canine oncology.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To determine the prevalence, localization, and clinical signs of SMMs associated with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in a population of dogs presented for whole body computed tomography (CT).

Animals

Dogs with a histologically confirmed HSA and a tissue core specimen or fine needle aspirate of suspected metastatic lesions were included in the study.

Methods

Retrospective study. Dogs with a final diagnosis of visceral or muscular HSA that underwent whole body CT scan were enrolled in the study. Final diagnosis of primary tumor and SMMs was reached by histology, cytology, or both. Signalment, clinical signs, localization of the primary lesion, and metastases characteristics were reviewed.

Results

Sixty‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Skeletal muscle metastases were detected in 15 dogs (24.6%) and all of these dogs had also metastases in ≥1 sites. Presence of SMMs was significantly higher in males but was not significantly related to age, neuter status, breed, localization, and dimensions of the primary tumor. Nine of 15 (60.0%) dogs with SMMs showed lameness or reluctance to move whereas these signs were not recorded in any of the 42 dogs without SMMs (P < .001).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Prevalence of SMMs in our population of dogs with HSA was higher in comparison to previous studies in the human and veterinary medical literature. Whole body CT is recommended for staging of dogs with HSA, because SMMs could be missed by clinical examination and traditional diagnostic imaging modalities.
Activation of cannabinoid 2 receptor relieves colonic hypermotility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Lin Mengjuan , Chen Lei , Xiao Yong , Yu Baoping
Published: February 2019

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with intestinal dysmotility, whose mechanism remains elusive. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as an important modulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility in multiple diseases, but its involvement in IBS is unknown. We aimed to determine whether cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor modulates intestinal motility associated with stress‐induced IBS.

Methods

A rat IBS model was established by chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were detected histologically and intestinal motility was assessed by intestinal transit time (ITT) and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was determined by visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). Real‐time PCR, western blot, and immunostaining were performed to identify colonic CB2 receptor expression. Colonic muscle strip contractility was studied by isometric transducers and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess test. The effects of AM1241, a selective agonist of CB2 receptors, on colonic motility were examined.

Key Results

After 10 days of WAS exposure, ITT was decreased and FWC elevated while VMR magnitude in response to CRD was significantly enhanced. Colon CB2 protein and mRNA levels increased and density of CB2‐positive macrophages in the mucosa and enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus was higher than in controls. Pharmacological enhancement of CB2 activity by AM1241 relieved colonic hypermotility in WAS rats in a concentration‐dependent manner via inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and elevation of NO production.

Conclusion

CB2 receptor may exert an important inhibitory effect in stress‐induced colonic hypermotility by modulating NO synthesis through p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. AM1241 could be used as a potential drug to treat disorders with colonic hypermotility.
Efficacy, long‐term safety, and impact on quality of life of elobixibat in more severe constipation: Post hoc analyses of two phase 3 trials in Japan
Authors: Nakajima Atsushi , Taniguchi Shinya , Kurosu Shinsuke , Gillberg Per‐Göran , Mattsson Jan P. , Camilleri Michael
Published: February 2019

Background

In two phase 3 trials, elobixibat, a locally acting ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, resolved constipation and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with chronic constipation. We analyzed the efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life (QOL) of elobixibat in patients with symptomatically more severe constipation in the two phase 3 trials.

Methods

This post hoc analysis of elobixibat treatment outcomes included data from a 2‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial (10 mg/d), and a 52‐week, open‐label trial (5‐15 mg/d) in subgroups with severe constipation defined as ≤2 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) and ≤3 Bristol Stool Form Scale score during the second week of the 2‐week run‐in period. We also analyzed the rates of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and QOL in subgroups according to sex, presence of constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐C) and side effects.

Key Results

In patients with severe constipation, there was significant improvement in the 10 mg elobixibat group compared to the placebo group in change in SBMs from baseline at week 1 (primary endpoint) of the 2‐week trial. The differences between groups were reduced in patients with more severe constipation. Increasing the dose to 15 mg was effective for more severe constipation in improving the number of SBMs per week in the 52‐week trial. Overall, elobixibat was well tolerated and improved QOL scores, irrespective of gender, presence of IBS‐C or side effects.

Conclusions & Inferences

Elobixibat is effective for symptomatically severe constipation, is well tolerated and improves QOL, irrespective of potentially confounding patient characteristics.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxillary sinus: clinicopathological report
Authors: Senthil Kumar M.S. , Ramani P. , Rajendran V. , Lakshminarayanan P.
Published: February 2019

The authors describe a case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxillary sinus. Though inflammatory in origin, its aggressive clinical pattern and radiological findings resembles malignant disease. Pseudotumours can occur almost anywhere in the body of which very few cases have been reported so far in the maxillofacial region. Our diagnosis in this reported case is well supported by radiological, haematological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and bone marrow findings. The provided conservative treatment was wide local excision, followed by post‐operative steroid therapy to gain adequate control over the aggressive nature of the disease.
A cross‐sectional, population‐based study on the prevalence of food allergies among children in two different socio‐economic regions of Vietnam
Authors: Le Thu T. K. , Nguyen Duy H. , Vu An T. L. , Ruethers Thimo , Taki Aya C. , Lopata Andreas L.
Published: February 2019

Background

There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of food allergy (FA) in Vietnam. A cross‐sectional, population‐based study was conducted to evaluate the current prevalence of FA among 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children in two different regions in Vietnam.

Method

A structured, anonymous questionnaire, modified from published FA epidemiologic studies and based on EAACI guidelines, was distributed to parents/guardians of participating children in Hue City (urban area) and Tien Giang Province (rural area). Data collected from the survey were statistically analyzed to generate the prevalence of self‐reported and doctor‐diagnosed FA and overarching pattern of food allergens.

Results

A total of 8620 responses were collected (response rate 81.5%). Children in Tien Giang reported more than twice the food‐induced adverse reactions seen in children in Hue (47.8% vs. 20.5%). In contrast, children in Hue showed higher self‐reported FA (9.8%) and doctor‐diagnosed FA rates (8.4%) than children in Tien Giang (7.9% and 5.0%, respectively). Crustacean was the predominant allergy‐inducing food in both areas (330 of 580 cases, 56.9%), followed by fish, mollusk, beef, milk, and egg. However, substantial variations of FA patterns were seen between the study sites. Geographic location and co‐morbidities of other allergic diseases were key risk factors for FA (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The prevalence of FA in Vietnamese children seems to be higher than previously reported from other Asian countries. Crustacean is the predominant allergy‐inducing food among participating preschool children in Vietnam. The variation of reported food allergen sources across different socio‐economic locations could imply different eating habits or the participation of indoor and outdoor allergen exposure.
Pediatric melanoma: Characterizing 256 cases from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry
Authors: Kalani Nazanin , Guidry Jacqueline A. , Farahi Jessica M. , Stewart Stephanie B. , Dellavalle Robert P. , Dunnick Cory A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Melanoma is a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population. Differences in incidence, presentation, and survival distinguish pediatric melanoma from adult melanoma. In order to improve our understanding of pediatric melanoma, our case series investigates differences in incidence, age of onset, and anatomic site between male and female pediatric melanoma patients in Colorado between 1988 and 2015.

Methods

All data were gathered from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry. A request for de‐identified data on pediatric melanoma patients between 1988 and 2015 was made by the University of Colorado Department of Dermatology. Chi‐square tests were used to compare the differences reported in melanoma between sex, age‐groups, and site of lesion.

Results

A total of 256 cases of melanoma were reported in Colorado in patients < 20 years of age between 1988 and 2015. Overall incidence of pediatric melanoma in Colorado increased from 1988 to 1999 but declined from 2001 to 2011. There was a significant predominance of female cases in the 10‐14 age‐group (P = 0.0477) and 15‐19 age‐group (P = 0.0472). Both groups had increased incidence of melanoma with increasing age. The mean age of onset for both sexes was 16 years old. Boys were more likely to have melanoma of the scalp and neck (P = 0.0523) and less likely to have melanoma of the leg (P = 0.0049).

Conclusion

Among the pediatric population, girls 10‐14 and 15‐19 years old are at a significantly increased risk of melanoma compared to boys in these age‐groups. Our study found sex‐specific differences in anatomic site consistent with prior literature. Further investigations should aim to identify causes for these sex‐specific differences in order to better guide public health initiatives.
Outcomes of surgical treatment for hemangiomas
Authors: Cheng Jeffrey , Liu Beiyu , Lee Hui‐Jie
Published: February 2019

Objective

To quantify complications and rates of adverse events associated with surgical excision of hemangiomas in children using a national surgical database.

Data source

Pediatric American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® (ACS NSQIP®‐pediatric), years 2012‐2016.

Methods

Subjects included children under 18 years with a postoperative diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th revision code: 228.00 and 228.01, or ICD 10 codes D18.00 and D18.01—hemangioma, any site and hemangioma, of skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Results

A total of 1180 patients were included. The median age was 3.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.2 to 6.4 years old). No occurrences of deep incisional surgical site infection, nerve injury, mortality, sepsis, septic shock, or blood stream infections were noted. In multivariate analysis, age ≤ 3 years and advanced American Society of Anesthesiologists class were significant predictors of adverse events (P = 0.035 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

For children with infantile hemangioma who fail to respond or have an incomplete response to medical therapy, surgical resection may be a relatively safe treatment alternative. Children older than 3 years of age with hemangiomas had less surgical adverse events than younger children. Overall, however, the surgical complications rates were low and deemed relatively minor.
CEDNIK syndrome in an Indian patient with a novel mutation of the SNAP29 gene
Authors: Poojary Shital , Shah Kapisha S. , Bhalala Krishna B. , Hegde Anaita Udwadia
Published: February 2019

CEDNIK (CErebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and Keratoderma) syndrome is a neuroichthyotic syndrome characterized by a constellation of clinical features including severe developmental retardation, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we report the first case of CEDNIK syndrome from India presenting with characteristic clinical features and harboring a novel mutation of SNAP29 gene.
Self‐concept clarity and relationship satisfaction at the dyadic level
Authors: Parise Miriam , Pagani Ariela F. , Donato Silvia , Sedikides Constantine
Published: February 2019

Self‐concept clarity is an individual resource that is associated with couple relationship well‐being. In two dyadic studies, the authors investigated whether and how self‐concept clarity has implications for both partners' relationship satisfaction. Study 1 tested and supported the hypothesis that self‐concept clarity concurrently predicts own and partner's relationship satisfaction through couple identity in a sample of 202 dating couples. Study 2 tested and supported the hypothesis that self‐concept clarity predicts longitudinal change in own and partner's relationship satisfaction through positive (i.e., supportive and common) dyadic coping behaviors in a sample of 97 married couples. The findings clarify and expand the benefits of self‐concept clarity for partners' relational well‐being.
Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia
Authors: Harper L. A. , Derbyshire M. C. , Lopez‐Ruiz F. J.
Published: February 2019

In a collection of 735 Botrytis isolates sampled from Australian wine grape‐growing regions, a single isolate from clade I and group I (based on Bc‐hch RFLP analysis) was found. As many Botrytis species are known to live sympatrically, it was hypothesized that this isolate might be a new Botrytis species. After phenotypic and molecular assays supported this hypothesis, the species was designated B. medusae. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear genes G3PDH, HSP60, RPB2, NEP1 and NEP2 consistently placed B. medusae in an early‐diverging clade I Botrytis spp. lineage. Botrytis medusae produced white aerial mycelium, grew faster at 30 °C and produced long‐branched conidiophore extensions, compared with B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea. Botrytis medusae was only able to infect wounded grape leaves and was significantly less virulent on wounded leaves and berries than B. cinerea. Botrytis medusae also lacked villiform appendages on the conidial surface and long conidiophores, which are defining features of B. sinoviticola and B. californica, respectively. Identification and characterization of new cryptic Botrytis species living in sympatry on grapevines could potentially provide information to assist disease management strategies for B. cinerea.
Structural isomers of the S2 state in photosystem II: do they exist at room temperature and are they important for function?
Authors: Chatterjee Ruchira , Lassalle Louise , Gul Sheraz , Fuller Franklin D. , Young Iris D. , Ibrahim Mohamed , de Lichtenberg Casper , Cheah Mun Hon , Zouni Athina , Messinger Johannes , Yachandra Vittal K. , Kern Jan , Yano Junko
Published: February 2019

In nature, an oxo‐bridged Mn4CaO5 cluster embedded in photosystem II (PSII), a membrane‐bound multi‐subunit pigment protein complex, catalyzes the water oxidation reaction that is driven by light‐induced charge separations in the reaction center of PSII. The Mn4CaO5 cluster accumulates four oxidizing equivalents to enable the four‐electron four‐proton catalysis of two water molecules to one dioxygen molecule and cycles through five intermediate S‐states, S0 – S4 in the Kok cycle. One important question related to the catalytic mechanism of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) that remains is, whether structural isomers are present in some of the intermediate S‐states and if such equilibria are essential for the mechanism of the O‐O bond formation. Here we compare results from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained at cryogenic temperatures for the S2 state of PSII with structural data collected of the S1, S2 and S3 states by serial crystallography at neutral pH (∼6.5) using an X‐ray free electron laser at room temperature. While the cryogenic data show the presence of at least two structural forms of the S2 state, the room temperature crystallography data can be well‐described by just one S2 structure. We discuss the deviating results and outline experimental strategies for clarifying this mechanistically important question.
The State of the Netherlands v Urgenda Foundation: The Hague Court of Appeal upholds judgment requiring the Netherlands to further reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Verschuuren Jonathan
Published: February 2019

One of the world's most successful climate litigation cases thus far, the remarkable Urgenda ruling by a Dutch Court in 2015, survived appeal. In October 2018, the Court of Appeal of The Hague rejected all of the State's objections, including that on the alleged infringement of the balance of powers principle. The court confirmed that, when so asked by individuals or nongovernmental organizations, courts are obliged to assess government actions (including policies) against human rights obligations. By setting the required outcome of policies (at least 25 percent emissions reduction by the end of 2020), the court left it up to the Dutch Government and Parliament to discuss which policy interventions to adopt to achieve this outcome. The Court of Appeal also confirmed, and sometimes even put greater emphasis on, a number of important elements of the Urgenda ruling, such as the role of the precautionary principle, the issue of causality (including the ‘drop in the ocean’ argument put forward by the State) and the potential role of climate engineering.
An argument for context‐driven intersectionality
Authors: McKinzie Ashleigh E. , Richards Patricia L.
Published: February 2019

The concept of intersectionality has fundamentally changed feminist theorizing and the study of women and gender. However, intersectional research, theorizing, and practice also have been subject to important critiques. This article provides a brief genealogy of intersectionality and summarizes major critiques. We recognize value in these critiques as well as the ongoing power of an intersectional lens. We therefore advocate what we call “context‐driven intersectionality,” arguing that attention to the historical, political, economic, and social factors that shape power relationships and social structures is critical to conducting robust intersectional analyses that avoid reification of social categories and inequalities.
Viral inactivation of human platelet lysate by gamma irradiation preserves its optimal efficiency in the expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Viau Sabrina , Eap Sandy , Chabrand Lucie , Lagrange Anaïs , Delorme Bruno
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Human platelet lysate (hPL) represents a powerful medium supplement for human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) expansion. The recently published general chapters of the Pharmacopeia require the addition of a step of viral inactivation during the production process of such raw biological material used for cell‐based medicinal products.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The ability of gamma irradiation to inactivate viruses from a panel representative of the virus diversity was evaluated. The impact of gamma irradiation on hPL composition and efficiency as a supplement for hMSC culture was evaluated.

RESULTS

An efficient inactivation of all the viruses tested was demonstrated, with the minimum reduction factors obtained being superior to 4.5 log10 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and superior to 5 log10 for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV). The gamma irradiation did not affect the content in interesting biochemical factors for cell culture or in growth factors (GF), except to basic fibroblast GF (bFGF) whereas it highly impacted the contents in the factors involved in the coagulation cascade. Finally, gamma irradiated hPL remained as efficient as non‐irradiated hPL for the proliferation, clonogenic potential, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties of hMSCs.

CONCLUSION

The feasibility of using gamma irradiation to efficiently inactivate viruses in hPL while maintaining its optimal efficacy as a supplement for hMSC expansion was demonstrated. Such an inactivated hPL represents a very attractive raw material for the efficient production of safe cellular therapy products.
Time-Dependent Reliability-Based Robust Design Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Yu Shui , Wang Zhonglai , Wang Zhihua
Published: February 2019

Due to the uncertain and dynamic parameters from design, manufacturing, and working conditions, many engineering structures usually show uncertain and dynamic properties. During the product design and development stages, designers often encounter reliability and robustness measures of dynamic uncertain structures. Time-varying and high nonlinear performance brings a new challenge for the reliability-based robust design optimization. This paper proposes a multi-objective integrated framework for time-dependent reliability-based robust design optimization and the corresponding algorithms. The integrated framework is first established by minimizing the mean value and coefficient of variation of the objective performance at the same time subject to time-dependent probabilistic constraints. The time-dependent probabilistic constraints are then converted into deterministic constraints using the dimension reduction method. The evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is finally employed for the deterministic multi-objective optimization problem. Several examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wind Turbine Controller to Mitigate Structural Loads on a Floating Wind Turbine Platform
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Peiffer Antoine , Schlipf David
Published: February 2019

This paper summarizes the control design work that was performed to optimize the controller of a wind turbine on the WindFloat structure. The WindFloat is a semisubmersible floating platform designed to be a support structure for a multimegawatt power-generating wind turbine. A controller developed for a bottom-fixed wind turbine configuration was modified for use when the turbine is mounted on the WindFloat platform. This results in an efficient platform heel resonance mitigation scheme. In addition, several control modules, designed with a coupled linear model, were added to the fixed-bottom baseline controller. The approach was tested in a fully coupled nonlinear aero-hydro-elastic simulation tool in which wind and wave disturbances were modeled. This testing yielded significant improvements in platform global performance and tower-base bending loading.
Toward a Working Model of Leadership in Nonprofit Sport Governance
Authors: O’Boyle Ian , Shilbury David , Ferkins Lesley
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to explore leadership within nonprofit sport governance. As an outcome, the authors present a preliminary working model of leadership in nonprofit sport governance based on existing literature and our new empirical evidence. Leadership in nonprofit sport governance has received limited attention to date in scholarly discourse. The authors adopt a case study approach involving three organizations and 16 participant interviews from board members and Chief Executive Officers within the golf network in Australia to uncover key leadership issues in this domain. Interviews were analyzed using an interpretive process, and a thematic structure relating to leadership in the nonprofit sport governance context was developed. Leadership ambiguity, distribution of leadership, leadership skills and development, and leadership and volunteerism emerged as the key themes in the research. These themes, combined with existing literature, are integrated into a preliminary working model of leadership in nonprofit sport governance that helps to shape the issues and challenges embedded within this emerging area of inquiry. The authors offer a number of suggestions for future research to refine, test, critique, and elaborate on our proposed working model.
“You Can’t Just Erase History”: Coping With Team Identity Threat
Authors: Delia Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2019

Team identification has frequently been associated with positive outcomes; however, team identification is also associated with negative outcomes such as identity threat. Team identity threat has been studied from the perspective that fans enduring identity threat employ emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping strategies because they lack the authority to change team-related stressors. In this study, the author examined fan reaction to team identity threat, wherein fans ultimately used both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping strategies. The particular instance examined involved fans of a National Collegiate Athletic Association men’s basketball team reacting to an identity threat caused by program scandal. Through the use of unobtrusive digital observation, fan reaction was analyzed via comments from three online sources. The study highlights how fans used problem-focused coping to preserve identity meaning, creating their own reality in the process. Theoretical and managerial implications of the research are discussed.
A 2-week weather forecast may be as good as it gets
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: February 2019

Experiments show how chaos defeats computer models.
Choreographed entanglement dances: Topological states of quantum matter
Authors: Wen Xiao-Gang
Published: February 2019

A topological paradigm shift

The discovery of topological phases of matter forced condensed matter physicists to question and reexamine some of the basic notions of their discipline. Wen reviews the progress of the field that took a sharp turn from Landau's broken symmetry paradigm to arrive at the modern notions of topological order and quantum entanglement in many-body systems. This development was made possible by using increasingly sophisticated mathematical formalisms.

Science
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