bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY ON THE TUMOR OF VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
Authors: Kimtjra Masamichi , Kamata Yoshimasa , Matsumoto Kazuhito , Takaya Hikoichiro
Published: December 2008

Five cases of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis were examined electron‐microscopically. The tumors were composed of Schwann cells, myelinated and non‐myelinated axons, fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, endothelial cells and mast cells. From our observation, the Schwann cells as well as the fibroblasts were capable of producing collagenous fibers. This observation was strengthened by the following findings: (a) collagenous fibers were just adjacent to Schwann cell surface, occasionally showing a banded structure; (b) the vesicular elements similar to those of the fibroblasts were observed within the cytoplasm of Schwann cells. Each Schwann cell was invariably surrounded by a basement membrane, and in the area of the collagenous fibers formed, the basement membrane became a hazy homogeneous substance extending irregularly into the connective tissue space. The membrane bounded vesicular elements appeared to discharge their content into the extracellular space after fusion with the cell membrane, and here the basement membrane as well as the cell membrane became obscure and looked homogenous. The tumors of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis were basically composed of both Schwann cells and fibroblasts. The name “neurofibroma” seemed suitable for these types of tumors.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BONE MARROW LYMPHOCYTE IN HAEMATOPOIETIC REGENERATION FOLLOWING ACUTE INJURY DUE TO 60CO IRRADIATION and CYTOTOXIC DRUGS*
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2008

Haematopoietic cells of the rat bone marrow were killed almost completely by using hydroxyurea (OHU), cytoslne arabinoslde (ara‐C), 60Co irradiation and busulfan. The relation between the regeneration of haematopoietic cells of the bone marrow and the behavior of the bone marrow lymphocytes and related cells was investigated quantitatively.

Bone marrow lymphocytes and related cells were cytologlcally classified Into lymphocytes, transitional cells and blastic cells on the smeared preparation.

Comparing the results of the experiment using OHU 2.5 g/kg with those using whole body irradiation of 60Co 700R, the absolute number of nucleated cells In the bone marrow was reduced more prominently in the former case than in the latter. Nevertheless, regeneration of haematopoietic cells began earlier In the former case than in the latter.

In the experiment using OHU 2.5 g/kg, haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow almost completely disappeared promptly after the treatment. On the contrary, the bone marrow lymphocytes were rather well preserved, making up 59% of control on the 1st day and 54% on the 2nd day. Moreover, it was evident that the decrease in number of bone marrow lymphocytes and the increase in number of transitional and blastic cells occurred simultaneously around the 4th day after the last dosage, just prior to the haematopoietic regeneration.

On the 8th day after whole body irradiation with 60Co 700R, in parallel with the appearance of haematopoietic regeneration, the bone marrow lymphocytes, transitional cells and blastic cells were the predominant populations In the regenerating bone marrow.

In the experiment using ara‐G 600 mg/kg, the number of transitional cells increased evidently prior to haematopoietic regeneration.

The author concluded that regeneration of bone marrow haemato‐poiesis can take place earlier and more rapidly, when the bone marrow lymphocytes are provided In sufficient numbers.
MUCOUS SUBSTANCE and ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY OF NON‐NEOPLASTIC and NEOPLASTIC GASTRIC EPITHELIUM IN MAN
Authors: Kobori Oichiro , Oota Kunio
Published: December 2008

On a consecutive series of 100 cases of gastric carcinoma, htstochemi‐cal investigation of mucous material and 7 kinds of enzymes, including dehydrogenases, phosphatases, and lysosomal enzymes was performed. Mucous membrane of twenty stomachs resected for ulcer served as control. Histologically, thirty of the carcinomas were well‐differentiated, 47 moderately differentiated, and 23 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. A combination of histochemical reaction of two enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase was found to be characteristic for the intestinal epithelium, both benign and malignant. Thus, carcinomas consisting of malignant epithelium fulfilling these characteristics could be classified as of intestinal epithelial type, and the others as of non‐intestinal epithelial type. Correlation of tubular structural differentiation of carcinoma and this histochemical differentiation was examined: 14 of 30 (46.7%) morphologically well differentiated, 20 of 47 (42.6%) moderately differentiated, and 10 of 23 (43.5%) undifferentiated adenocarcinomas were classified histochemically in the intestinal epithelial type. There is, apparently, no direct correlation between the enzymatic characteristics and the morphological tubular “differentiation”. It is apparent that the diffuse type of LAUREN16 is not “non‐intestinal”.
BEHÇET SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH NASAL MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA – REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE –
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Höjö Yukimitu , Nakajima Hiroshi , Okamuba Akiharu , Fukase Masayuki , Katano Akira
Published: December 2008

The present case deals with a patient who was suffering concurrently from malignant lymphoma of the nasal cavities and Behcet disease accompanied with colitis ulcerosa.

A possibility that Behçet syndrome might be accompanied with malignant tumor is discussed. Moreover, it may be possible to point out the presence of such a type of Behçet syndrome as a “tumoral Behcet”.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION ENTERITIS WITH REMARKABLE HYPOPROTEINEMIA*
Authors: Tajima Tatsuro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of characterltic and severe enteritis with remarkable hypoproteinemla and extensive ulceration having numerous cytomegalic inclusion cells In the mucosal and submucosal capillary endothelia was reported.

The pathological findings of this case proved the previous author's opinion that the ulcerative lesions in the digestive tract of the cytomegalic inclusion disease were caused by the cytomegalovirus and the systemic cytomegaloviral infection in the body occurred from the ulcerative lesions.

The author advocates that this case be termed as “primary cytomegalic inclusion enteritis”, because this case has no serious basic diseases or pathologically severe extensive lesions in the small intestinal tract, and has received no immunosuppressive treatment.
PATHOLOGY OF ULCEROGENIC AND DIARRHEOGENIC TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: December 2008

Ulcerogenic and diarrheogenic tumors of the pancreas were studied both light and electron microscopically in the documented cases of two different kinds of tumors to elucidate the histogenesis of non‐beta islet cell tumors in reference to islet cells of the normal pancreas.

Argyrophil stain for delta (D) islet cells revealed a few limited number of argyrophil tumor cells, suggesting some relationship to D islet cell as being origin of the ulcerogenic tumor. Alpha (A) cells were not detected in either of ulcerogenic or diarrheogenic tumors. Electron microscopic finding is more confusing. Z‐E tumor granules are heterogenous and variable in relatively smaller sizes of 100–130 mμd 170–200 mμ Diarrheogenic tumors have more homogenously smaller granules (100–130 mμ) with minor components of intermediate sizes (150–200 mμ).

Thus, both ulcerogenic and diarrheogenic tumors are quite different from D islet cells (average granule‐350 mμ) or antral G cells (average granule‐250 mμ), both of which are two different gastrin‐producing cells.

A tentative conclusion will be that ulcerogenic tumors originate from gastrin cell similar to antral G cell and diarrheogenic tumors stem from gastrin‐antagonist producing cell, presumably similar to the gastric inhibitory peptide (G.I.P.) cell of the small intestine.
SINUSOIDAL STENOSIS AS THE CAUSE OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHOLINE DEFICIENT DIET INDUCED FATTY CIRRHOSIS OF THE RAT LIVER
Authors: Wada Kazuyoshi , Fujimoto Keiichi , Fujikawa Yukimura , Shibayama Yuro , Mitsui Hideaki , Nakata Katsuji
Published: December 2008

The anatomical lesion of the liver is evaluated as being responsible for development of portal hypertension through measurement of portal vein pressures, hemodynamical analysis of Isolated perfused livers, diameter measurement of intrahepatic vascular trees, and histological as well as his‐tometrical examinations of the liver in rats fed with choline deficient diet. The mean portal vein pressure was elevated from the normal level, 132 mm H2O to 175 mm H2O In fatty liver, to 179 mm H2O In fatty liver with fibrosis, and to 218 mm H,0 in fatty cirrhosis of liver. The hepatic blood flow of the isolated perfused rat liver definitely decreased from the normal level, 3.0 ml/g/min to 1.2 ml/g/min in fatty liver, 0.4 ml/g/min in fatty liver with fibrosis and 0.7 ml/g/min in fatty cirrhosis of liver under the condition of Ht 33.5% and perfusion pressure 135 mm H2O. There was no abnormality in the pre‐and post sinusoidal vessel, but the space of sinusoid was markedly diminished, reciprocally, to the enlargement of the hepatic cells. An intimate correlationship existed between portal hypertension and reduction of sinusoidal space. Connective tissue proliferation did not have much to do with the increase in hepatic vascular resistance. The present experiment suggested that reduction of sinusoidal space was the anatomical lesion related to development of portal hypertension in choline deficient diet induced fatty liver as well as fatty cirrhosis of the liver (sinusoidal hypertension).
EARLY ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE GLANDULAR STOMACH IN RAT INDUCED BY N‐METHYL‐N'‐NITRO‐N‐NITROSOGUANIDINE
Authors: Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

The early ultrastructural events that occur In the gastric epithelial cells of the glandular stomach of rat from 12 hours to 3 weeks after oral administration of N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine were examined and compared with the X‐irradiation effects on mouse gastric mucosa. The mucoid cells of the pyloric mucosa, particularly the surface and pit mucous cells exhibited the greatest ultrastructural alterations among the 6 types of gastric epithelial cells. The earliest changes of the mucoid cells were observed in the nuclei, and were characterized by the sequential development of first nucleolar enlargement, which consisted of the increase of both the fibrillar and granular components, followed by the occurrence of nucleolar segregation, reduction and clumping of the chromatin, and irregularity of the nuclear membrane. Significant degenerative changes of the cytoplasm in the mucoid cells could be observed after these nuclear alterations. Later, giant cell formation in the mucoid cells and mesenchymal cells, and the development of epithelial cells containing two cell specificity were found.

These ultrastructural alterations of the mucoid cells seem to represent the morphologic manifestations of biochemical interaction between N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine and biological materials.
FOAMY HISTIOCYTES IN THE SPLEEN ASSOCIATED WITH IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Matsumoto Noboru , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Six spleens removed from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have been examined light and electron microscopically.

Foamy histiocytes were found either scatterlngly or in clusters in two cases, and myelin structures were demonstrated in these foamy cells. Various stages of platelet phagocytosis and their intracellular degradation were recognized in the macrophages. These findings support the concept that the appearance of foamy cells in ITP spleens is a result of enhanced destruction of platelet in the spleen.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LYMPHOID ORGANS IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH THYMIC INVOLUTION
Authors: Chino Fumitoshi
Published: December 2008

Thymic involution was found In 16 of 29 newborn infants examined regardless of cause of death. Of the newborn infants with thymic involution, 5 newborn infants showed cellular depletion in thymus‐dependent areas (TDA) of the spleen and lymph nodes. In these infants, the thymic involutions were generally marked and the survival periods were 5 days long or more. The conditions for manifestation of the cellular depletion in TDA were discussed in connection with the results reported in animals.
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE HUMAN SPINAL GANGLIA. NORMAL VARIATIONS IN AGING
Authors: Nagashima Kazuo , Oota Kunio
Published: December 2008

The cervical and lumbar ganglia from 285 cases of a consecutive series of autopsies were examined to obtain quantitative data on the number and size of nerve cells, the ratio of connective tissue to parenchym and the appearance ratio of degenerated cells. Twelve cases without referable diseases in the central and peripheral nervous systems were selected as standard material representing normal aging processes. Serial sections were observed in order to avoid misjudgement. The average number of nerve cells varied from 7.0 × 104 in the first decade to 4.5 × 104 in the seventh decade, showing a decrease of about 2.5 × 104 cells (36%). The average size of nerve cells remained fairly constant after the second decade, ranging between 25μ and 135mU with a single peak at 60 μ in a nearly standard curve distribution. Degenerated cells first appeared in the late second decade and there was an increase of connective tissue after the fourth decade. The age‐dependent changes in the ganglia started in the third decade as cellular atrophy and satellitosls. Gradual replacement of the nerve elements by fibrous connective tissue took place during the following several years by the form of selerotic change and residual nodule. These age‐dependent qualitative and quantitative changes should be important in the interpretation of findings in cases with delicate sensory disturbances.
SURFACE ANTIGENS OF MURINE IgM AND IgG FORMING CELLS
Authors: Mizumoto Takashi , Namba Yuziro , Hanaoka Masao
Published: December 2008

Two kinds of cytotoxic antibodies have been obtained by Immunizing rabbits with the cultured lines of either IgM‐forming tumor cells (MOPC‐104E) or IgG‐forming ones (MOPC‐31B). Antl‐MOPC‐104E antiserum and anti‐MOPC‐31B antiserum reacted specifically with direct and indirect hemolytic plaque forming cells, respectively. The specificities became manifest after absorption with liver powder, peripheral blood cells and the tumor cells producing a different class of immunoglobulin. The indirect plaque forming cells acquired the specific surface antigens in the stage of antibody secretion or shortly before It.
THE SITE OF ACTION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS IN THE PRIMARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF THE RAT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IgE ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: Taniguchi Masaru
Published: December 2008

Serological and histological examinations were performed on rats that had been treated with one of six representative immunosuppressive agents i.e., X‐rays, BUDR, actinomycin D, cortisone, cyclophosphamide, antithymocyte serum, together with antigenic stimulation.

These treatments resulted in either augmentation or suppression of antibody response of various immunoglobulin classes, primarily depending on the time when they were administered. Animals undergoing the immune response under the influence of immunosuppressants exhibited characteristic changes in the lymphoid tissues, which corresponded to the changes in serum antibodies. Especially, it was clearly shown that IgE antibody formation was most sharply influenced by the treatments causing the depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus‐dependent area of lymphoid tissues.

The results were discussed with reference to the regulatory role of thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune response.
GEOGRAPHICAL PATHOLOGY OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Authors: Kubo Toshio
Published: December 2008

An international comparative study was made of gastric carcinoma in order to determine whether or not the tumor showed any different morphological features In different countries. The series were from Japan, Korea, U.S.A., New Zealand, and Chile. Further comparison was made at different time periods in U.S.A., New Zealand, and Japan. It was found that there was no significant difference in histological appearance of gastric carcinoma both in different countries and at different times. Some statistical data indicate that the same and common factor may be operating throughout the world as a gastric carcinogen.
MALIGNANT GLIOMATOSIS PERITONEI ORIGINATING FROM CYSTIC OVARIAN TERATOMA
Authors: Nagashima Kazuo , Yamaguchi Kazuyoshi , Hasumi Katsuhiko , Oota Kunio
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a malignant gliomatosis peritonei originating from cystic ovarian teratoma of a 22‐year‐old Japanese female is reported. The primary ovarian tumor, resected 8 months prior to death, consisted of a grade 3 teratoma with a small occult focus compatible with endodermal sinus tumor. The metastatic lesions which were found in the mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes as well as in the peritoneal cavity, consisted solely of atypical neuroglial elements. A review of the literatures describing the cases of benign glial implants and of immature neural elements is also presented.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH MYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Kishida ShūTji , Yoshie Yumiko , Hamamoto Yüji
Published: December 2008

The case of a 44‐year‐old male with subacute myelocytic leukemia complicated by clinically unsuspected toxoplasmosis was reported on the basis of previously autopsied cases. Many pseudocysts were found in the brain, heart and mucous membrane of the stomach by using H.E. staining and studied by the aid of special stains and electronmicroscope.
THREE AUTOPSY CASES OF SO‐CALLED NEONATAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
Authors: Shimokawa Reiko , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Three autopsied cases of so‐called neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis are reported here with a brief discussion on its pathogenesis.

The three cases were all male, the age at death ranging from 5 days to 2 months. All the parents of the patients were in good health, and there was no abnormal history during pregnancy and delivery. The onset of illness was between the 4th and 46th day of life. Culture of the feces was done with two cases, one showing E, coli and Enterobacter, and the other E. eoll and Pseudomonas aer.

Multiple ulcers were seen, in the stomach down to the rectum in the 1st, in the duodenum to the rectum in the 2nd, and in the duodenum to the descending colon in the 3rd case. These ulcers were of various depths, and the ulcer‐floor was usually clean. Generally, the intestinall wall was thickened, hard, and frail. Histologically, the ulcers extended usually Into the submucosa, where slight to moderate Infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes was seen. Occasionally the ulcers were found reaching the muscular layer, where phlegmonous inflammation was seen. The neural plexus of the intestinal wall was normal. All the cases were of malnutritional status.

It seems to be reasonable to postulate its pathogenesis as a circulatory disorder based on some infectious process occurring in the intestinal tract.
GLYCOGENOSIS TYPE II (POMPE)*– THE FOURTH AUTOPSY CASE IN JAPAN –
Authors: Sakurai Isamu , Tosaka Akira , Mori** Yoshiomi , Imura Soichi , Aoki*** Katsuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) was reported. The case is that of the fourth autopsy of this type of glycogen storage disease, caused by acid maltase (α‐1, 4‐glucosidase) deficiency, in Japan. In addition to routine histopathological studies on skeletal muscle biopsy and autopsy, also were employed biochemical analyses of the enzyme activities in peripheral white blood cells and skeletal muscle, scoring method of a PAS‐positlve granule In circulating lymphocytes, and electron microscopic studies on muscle biopsy specimen, and cardiac muscle and liver obtained at autopsy. Cardiomegaly is one of the most significant clinical signs of the disease and biochemical measurement of the enzyme activity in cells or tissues is clinically of most diagnostic value. Gytological study by scoring PAS‐posltive granules in circulating lymphocytes is also of great value and is a simple method for aid in establishing a clinical diagnosis. Special attention should be paid to this case on the point of a tendency of thrombus formation and peripheral vascular disorder as complications of the disease, which caused aneurysm and thrombosis of the meningeal arteries and renal infarction, possibly due to degenerative process in the vascular medial smooth muscle cells by excessive deposition of glycogen.
A STUDY ON FOCAL GLOMERULAR LESIONS FOUND IN RENAL BIOPSIES
Authors: Aizawa Shigeo , Hamaguchi Kinichi , Ohgoshi Eiki , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

Focal glomerular lesions were light microscopically found in 32 out of 436 renal biopsies by blind selection. Glomerular lesions in focal distribution are not an independent disease entity and may include a variety of diseases. They may be found in the early stage of some diseases which will progress to a diffuse lesion and also represent defective healing leaving persistent proteinuria or hematuria.

The judgement of the presence of focal glomerular lesions should be based on the prominent changes such as nodular segmental mesangial proliferation, adhesions, segmental hyalinosis, organized crescent and localized necrosis. In a very strict sense there were almost no normal glomeruli at the level of electron microscopy. The result of quantitation of mesangial area and nuclear counts suggests that normal appearing glomeruli are not absolutely normal. Serial section study may disclose hidden segmental lesions.

The clinical outcome of patients with focal segmental lesions is not simply favorable. Proteinuria or hematuria often perisisrs as long as 10 years or more; however, only a few cases fall into chronic renal failure.

Historical background of this condition was also reviewed.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MENINGIOMA WITH EXTRACRANIAL REMOTE METASTASES
Authors: Akagi Tadaatsu , Iwata Katsumi , Utsunomiya Toshihiro , Yoshimura Haruo
Published: December 2008

A case of meningioma with marked extracranial remote metastases is described.

The patient was a 33‐year‐old female and was operated according to a diagnosis of parasagittal meningioma in both frontal lobes. Nine years later, however, she died of local recurrence and extracranial metastases in the lungs, liver, pancreas and vertebrae. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as angioblastic meningioma with high cellularity, some mitotic figures and abundant intersecting network of reticulin fibers frequently outlining vascular architectures.
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS COMPLICATED BY INTRACRANIAL TUMORS
Authors: Horie Akio , Shigemi Unpei , Furushima Takeo , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

Four cases of neurofibromatosis complicated by intracranial tumors are reported. Case 1 showed an intracranial neurofibromatosis while the other three cases contained gliomas in various stages of malignancy.

Japanese autopsy records for 11 years from 1958 to 1968 were investigated from a statistical point of view. Meningiomas and neurinomas associated with neurofibromatosis show an earlier peak of age distribution than that of those tumors without neurofibromatosis. There is no different age distribution between gliomas related to neurofibromatosis and the ones not related to it.

These facts suggest that both neurinomas and meningiomas associated with neurofibromatosis are intracranial manifestations of neurofibromatosis perse, while complicated gliomas are thought to be an incidental neoplasm, probably associated with transformation of disoriented neuroglial rests.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATION IN THE RAT LIVER INDUCED BY MAPROTILINE
Authors: Tanaka Hisako , Watanabe Mitsutoshi , Hattori Yasuhiro , Furusato Masakuni , Takasaki Satoshi
Published: December 2008

The fatty change in the liver induced in male rats by a new antide‐pressant, maprotiline, given at high‐dose was studied morphologically and biochemically.

The accumulation of trilglyceride in the liver was related to accelerated synthesis of fatty acid in the liver in males, which liver triglyceride was decreased in spite of increased synthesis of fatty acid from acetate in females. Secretion of lipoprotein granules was noted in both sexes. The sexual differences of triglyceride contents in the liver and serum was influenced by sexual hormone. Proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and “fingerprints” were found in treated rats and these were correlated with the induction of hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. The “myeloid bodies” induced in hepatocytes were considered to be of lysosomal nature. Both morphological and biochemical alterations in the hepatocytes induced by maprotiline were reversible upon cessation of treatment.
FINE STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE FATE OF “CASTRATION” CELLS IN THE RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS AFTER BILATERAL OOPHORECTOMY
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Matsuo Takeshi , Oyakawa Yukinobu , Takahara Osamu , Tsuji Koichi
Published: December 2008

The fate of castration cells has been studied by electron microscopy after bilateral, oophorectomy. The castration cells were characterized by a large lake‐like dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum which occupied almost the entire cytoplasm, and first appeared at 5 weeks after operation. Castration cells showed cellular suppression after 15 weeks of the experiment but no degenerative changes were observed at any experimental period. At the later stage of the experiment numerous secretory granules reaccumulated in the cytoplasm of the gonadotrophs and concomitantly lake‐like dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum in some gonadotrophs gradually decreased and finally disappeared from the cytoplasm. Proportion of the castration cells and mean diameter of the largest cisterane of rough endoplasmic reticulum in each cell attained maximum value at 9 weeks after the operation; thereafter both parameters returned toward normal, although they still remained at a higher level than in controls at 18 weeks after the operation.
VIRUS‐LIKE PARTICLES IN THE FOLLICULAR EPITHELIUM OF THE THYROID FROM A PATIENT WITH SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS (DE QUERVAIN)
Authors: Satoh Masanobu
Published: December 2008

The author experienced a case of subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain) in a 36‐year‐old female. Electron microscopic examination of the thyroid tissue of the patient revealed virus‐like particles (VLP) in the degenerated follicular epithelium. Judging from the size, the VLP corresponded to the influenza or mumps virus.
HISTOPATHOLOGIGAL STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS IN GUINEA‐PIG LUNGS
Authors: Torikata Chikao , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Hisao , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

The main purpose of our experimental series was to induce, in experimental animals, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis resembling that in human lungs. In the lungs of guinea‐pigs injected with a soluble immune complex and continuously exposed to a 40–60 per cent oxygen‐rich atmosphere, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis occurred in many cases in the course of 2 to 3 months after the injection. After the 100th experimental day, multiple foci of pulmonary adenomatosis occurred. The morphology was similar to that of Jaagsiekte. Electron microscopic observations revealed that these hyperplastic cells originated from type II pneumoncytes.
CHANGES IN VASCULAR PERMEABILITY IN THE BRAIN OF STROKE‐PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS STUDIED WITH PEROXIDASE AS A TRACER
Authors: Hazama Fumitada , Amano Shigeru , Haebara Hideyuki , Okamoto Kozo
Published: December 2008

Cerebrovascular permeability in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at various ages was histologically studied using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer and such was related to the cerebrovascular lesions in the animals. An increase in permeability was demonstrated in the brain of SHR, particularly in those animals with an extremely high blood pressure. Increased cerebrovascular permeability occurred in some animals without any organic vascular change or severe parenchymal changes, although edema was present. Histologically, the SHR brain with an increase in permeability showed mild focal edema, rarefaction of tissue and necrosis with cyst formation. Thus a transitional progress was evident. Localization of the increase in permeability corresponded well with the predilection sites of cerebrovascular lesions in SHR. Constrictions and dilatations of intracerebral arterioles and small arteries were also demonstrated by the peroxidase method, and the dilated arterial walls did reveal a darker staining. From these results it is strongly suggested that certain cerebrovascular lesions, especially necrosis with cyst formation in SHR are sequelae of the increased cerebrovascular permeability caused by a chronic hypertensive state.
GIANT MESENTERIC LYMPHOID TUMOR (CASTLEMAN'S LYMPHOMA) ‐ A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi , Urano Yoshinori , Endo Yasuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a giant mesenteric lymphoid tumor in a 57‐year‐old female was examined anatomo‐biologically. A 17x15x6 cm3‐sized pinkish gray‐coloured medullary tumor occupying the mesenterium with no evident capsule, invaded the small intestine and pancrease head. Histologically, it was a lymphoid tissue consisting of hyalinized angio‐follicular architecture having epithelioid cells and tingible body macrophages in the follicles. Some small‐sized follicles showed typical Hassalloid architecture and other follicles consisted of monotonous growth of lymphocytes without a mantle zone, some of them fusing with each other. The histopathological appearance of the tumor was that of Castleman's lymphoma and of hyaline‐vascular type of Keller's Classification.13 There was another 0.6x0.5x0.5 cm3‐sized tumor having an angiofollicular architecture in the subserosa of the sigmoid colon. The present case was complicated with vertebral caries, hypogammaglobulinemia (1.2%), eosinophilia (50%) and panbronchobronchiolitis, the last one being responsible for her death.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE MENINX
Authors: Matsumoto Hikaru
Published: December 2008

The menlnx of mature rabbits is constituted of dural, meningothelial and arachnoid layers. The meningothelial layer is composed of meningothelial basal cells and overlying subdural cells with curiously lobulated nuclei. Subdural cells contain numerous intracytoplasmic filaments and desmosome‐like structure, which are lacking in fibrocytes located just beneath the dura. The arachnoid layer shows a framework of the arachnoid cells, collagen bundles and vessels, and cisternae as a channel of cerebro‐spinal fluid are enclosed by the lacunar cell cords. The pia‐glial membrane separating the brain substance from the arachnoid is often complexly swirled together with the processes of marginal astrocytes.

Subdural injection of Candida krussei produces suppurative and granulomatous foci, and the Intercellular spaces tend to be dilated by a retention of oedema fluid, blood or exudate. Intraarachnoid injection of the organisms also produces acute and chronic inflammatory changes, and the dissociation of lacunar cell cords at the desmosome‐like attachment may result in a widening and dilatation of the spaces. The meningothelial lining and pia‐glial membrane are considered to be a sort of barrier to protect the underlying tissue from various pathological changes.
ORIGIN OF MACROPHAGE IN THE TELENCEPHALIC WALL OF THE RAT FETUS ‐ AN OBSERVATION BASED ON METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL AND RADIATION INDUCED LESIONS
Authors: Matsuyama Haruo , Komatsú Noriyuki , Senda Ryukichi
Published: December 2008

Pregnant rats in the 15th day of gestation received an injection of methylazoxymethanol 20 mg/kg and were exposed to 200 r. of Co60. Fetuses were examined at various time intervals up to the 22nd day of gestation. Widespread necrosis throughout the dorso‐lateral wall of the telencephalon appeared early. At a subsequent stage frequently observed in the ventricular zone was necrotic cell debris in the ventricular columnar cells and macrophages. The macrophages migrated outwards and eventually digested their content to lipid droplets and transformation to an elongated cell with branching processes was traced. Vacuolated amoeboid cells first described electron microscopically by Caley and Maxwell in the neonatal rat cerebrum, appeared in later fetal life in untreated control animals and increased in treated animals. Additional to pinocytosis their phagocytic activity was enhanced and ultimate digestion of their content to lipid droplets was observed. Although the fate of the macrophage was not ascertained, their ectodermal origin was discussed.
ARGYROPHILIC THYMIC CARCINOID ‐ CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF FOUR CASES
Authors: Hosoda Syun , Suzuki Harumi , Kito Hanae , Hial Hiroshi , Akamine Yasusada , Murakami Minoru , Kosukegawa Katsuji , Kato Nobuo , Yura Jiro , MIYACHI Yoji
Published: December 2008

Four cases of carcinoid tumor resting on the superior mediastinum were concluded to be of thymic origin by detecting thymic remnants, occasionally containing normal argyrophil cells, either attaching to tumor capsule or buried in the tumor tissue, and by denying possible mediastinal metastasis from bronchial carcinoid, except for one metastatic case. All the tumors were regarded as argyrophilic non‐argentamn carcinoid and had a tendency of invasive growth, though they grew slowly with clinical courses of long duration. From ultrastructural and biochemical analyses of one case, the carcinoid tumor occurring in thymus did not seem to produce any of the amines such as serotonin, histamine and dopamine, but may be possible to elaborate yet unrecognized endocrine substances relevant to inherent thymic functions. The twenty‐two cases previously recorded in the literature were reviewed and discussed, together with four cases presented here.
NODULAR SCLEROSING TYPE OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN THE MEDIASTINUM, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Tanaka Satoshi , Itano Tsuneyuki , Kamimura Okinobu
Published: December 2008

A 29‐year‐old female was proved to have nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's disease in the mediastinum, apparently originating from the thymus and spreading to both supraclavicular lymph nodes. There has been a considerable dispute as to whether this kind of tumor should be regarded as Hodgkin's disease or as a thymic carcinoua (granulomatous type). Based on the presumption, presented by Taylor and Steinet al. recently, that Hodgkin's disease is a neoplasm of transformed lymphocytes and also on exclusion of a possible participation of epithelial components of the thymus, an effort was made in order to simplify an overall complexity of Hodgkin's disease seen particularly in the thymus.
CRESCENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS INDUCED IN THE GOAT BY IMMUNIZATION WITH HOMOLOGOUS OR HETEROLOGOUS GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE ANTIGEN
Authors: Ohnuki Tadao
Published: December 2008

Crescentic glomerular changes developed in goats 16 to 46 weeks after immunization with homologous or heterologous glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigens incorported in Freund's complete adjuvant. Mesangial widening, accumulation of migrant cells, fibrin deposition, and GBM thickening became manifest with time. The GBM was then attenuated and ruptured at a local area. Through the ruptured GBM, the influx of fibrin and blood cells occurred in the Bowman's space (BS) accompanying proliferation of epithelial cells lining the BS. The crescent thus formed was mainly composed of the capsular epithelial cells. The visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) and migrated blood cells contributed to the crescent formation to a lesser extent. Basement menbrane‐like material appeared later between the crescentic cells and the crescent underwent a Abroepithelial form. The results indicate that the crescent develops in relation to the characteristic GBM damage with a resultant severe exudative change in the BS.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SIX CASES OF CASTLEMAN'S TUMOR
Authors: Harigaya Kenichi , Mikata Atsuo , Kageyama Keizo , Kameya Tohru , Shimosato Yukio
Published: December 2008

A histopathological analysis of six cases of Castleman's tumor by means of light and electron microscope was performed, with a review of literature. All cases were hyaline‐vascular type as described by Keller et al. The morphology of lymphoid follicles in the lesions varied according to the presence or non‐presence of the germinal center which was from large active to emaciated hyalinized. The lymphoid follicle was essentially similar to that of normal lymph node undergoing some reactive process. Depending on the observation of serial sections, the lesions had lymphatic sinuses around the blood vessels in the tumor parenchyma, some of which were proved to be connected to the abortive marginal sinuses.

These findings and some clinical records suggest that the lesion originates from the lymph node and is a result of its reactive hyperplasia.
SYMPUS MONOPUS ACCOMPANIED BY NEPHROBLASTOMA—A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kimura Atsushi , Kudo Eiko , Hamamoto Yuji , Hirai Hiroshi , Watanbe Katsuichi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sirenomelia accompanied by nephroblastoma has been reported. In this case, there were many complicating anomalies such as left renal agenesis, absence of external genital organs, imperforate anus, mass of redundant skin over sacral region, two umbilical vessels, absence of great omentum and patent ductus arteriosus. We considered this malformation as sympus monopus.
PARTICIPATION OF MONOCYTES IN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN ACUTE SERUM SICKNESS OF RABBIT
Authors: Sano Motoaki
Published: December 2008

Acute serum sickness In the rabbit was studied with special reference to the role of monocytes in the Inflammatory process in the glomerulus. It was revealed that macrophages were the major factor in producing glomerular hyperceliularity In acute serum sickness. Proliferation of intrinsic glomerular cells or accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was minimal. Ultrastructural characteristics of these phagocytic cells were described. Macrophages engulfed various inflammatory products such as fibrin and cell debri in the glomerular capillary. Colloidal carbon administered at the active inflammatory stage was found to be mostly engulfed by macrophages, little by mesangial cells, and was not seen In endothelial or epithelial cells and PMNs. The selective ingestion of the carbon particles by these macrophages made it possible to differentiate them from glomerular cells. This in turn indicated that the macrophages were derived from neither endothelial nor mesangial cells and that they were of blood monocytic origin. It was suggested that monocytic cells participated in glomerular Inflammation but they, on the other hand, contributed to the repair of glomerular Injuries through their active role for phagocytosis.
HETEROTRANSPLANTATION OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DOG STOMACH ADENOCARCINOMA TO NUDE MICE
Authors: Kurihara Minora , Izumi Tsuguhiko , Miyasaka Keiichi , Yamaya Fumio , Suzuki Kiyoshi , Sudo Katsuko , Yasui Akira , Kamano Toshiki
Published: December 2008

Heterotransplantation of gastric adenocarcinoma, Induced In dog by N‐ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) has been attempted to nude mouse. Biopsied materials from Borrmann 3 type carcinoma, which showed signet‐ring cell carcinoma at the subcardiac region of a beagle dog, were inoculated into the muscles of the hind legs of BALB/c‐nu/nu nude mice. Serial transmission was obtained in 2 lives, so far 4‐5 passages. The histological findings of the grafts were mainly poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas.
ADRENAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA WITH BOTH BENIGN AND MALIGNANT COMPONENTS
Authors: Hosoda Syun , Suzuki Harumi , Oguri Takeshi , Ikuta Keiko , Nagatsu Toshiharu
Published: December 2008

A case of adrenal pheochromocytoma Is reported characterized by polygonal basophilic granular cells of benign type, plump eosinophilic granular cells of transitional type, and spindle‐shaped cells of malignant type. In the primary tumor the neoplastic cells of each type revealed a distinctive topographical distribution. All gradations between the latter two varieties of cells were found, especially in the vicinity of the transitional cell area. Multiple metastases were present in the liver and lungs, where only anaplastic spindle‐shaped cells could be found. Ultrastructurally, the benign cells contained predominantly large, rather light, secretory granules with a coarsely granulated core. In the malignant cells, the number, size, and intensity of granules varied considerably from cell to cell or even within a single cell. In general, the malignant cells had a higher frequency of smaller granules with electron‐dense homogeneous cores. Moderate amounts of noradrenalin but not significant dopamine or adrenalin could be demonstrated from a metastatic nodule In liver. We postulate that this adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma was benign originally and underwent malignant transformation shortly before the patient's death. This is based upon the patient's clinical features and the peculiar structures of the primary tumor.
FINE STRUCTURES OF THE SPLEEN IN HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS
Authors: Matsumoto Noboru , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Takahashi Mutsuo , Uchino Fumiya , Ono Junichiro , Miwa Shiro , Kiyomitsu Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

Light and electron microscopic studies of the spleen and liver from a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis have been reported. Characteristic findings are congestion of the cordal space, diminished variation of the erythrocyte shape In the cord, relatively empty sinuses and erythrophagocytosis by the cordal macrophages. The same basic defect of the red cell membrane as has been documented in hereditary spherocytosis might be a possible explanation on the pathogenesis of this rare hemolytic anemia.
INTIMAL THICKENING OF INTRA‐ORGAN ARTERIES AND SMOKING HABITS
Authors: Seez Peter , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Intlmal thickening of the intra‐organ arteries of the major organs have been examined In 253 autopsy cases and, the microscopical findings have been analyzed according to smoking habits. It was found that especially the small arteries of the lung present a significantly higher degree of fibrous intlmal thickening in cigarette smokers.
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND DUCTAL EPITHELIAL METAPLASIA IN ATROPHIC LOBULI OF PANCREAS
Authors: Suda Koichi , Komatsu Katsuhiko , Hashimoto Keisuke
Published: December 2008

In autopsy material Isolated islets of Langerhans are frequently encountered in the fatty or the fibrous tissue replacing the pancreatic lobuli. The incidence of isolated islets of Langerhans was 27.0% In the file of a series of randomly selected 100 autopsy cases and increased with advancing age. Fifteen cases of these 27 showed multiple foci and the total number of foci counted 60. Fifty‐two foci (86.7%) were found in the subcapsular area. Clusters of elastic fibers were found in 36 foci (60.0%) Small pancreatic ducts with goblet cell metaplasia were found in 29 foci (48.0%) in the surrounding tissue of the remaining islets of Langerhans. Squamous metaplasia was identified in only 1 focus (0.2%), and luminal dilatation of the duct was found in 4 foci (0.7%) Serial sections showed that the small duct ended without connection to acinar cells. "The Isolated islets of Langerhans" should be the result of the atrophy of pancreatic lobuli subsequent to disappearance of acinar cells.
ATRIAL MYXOMA ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE HAMARTOMAS
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Murohashi Takeshi , Katano Akira , Hōjō Haruto , Ishikawa Shinobu
Published: December 2008

A case of cardiac myxoma associated with renal angioflbrolipomas, renal medullary flbromas, thyroid adenoma and jejunal polyp was presented. So far as we know, the combined form of cardiac myxoma and renal hamartoma has not been hitherto reported. The combination of these various complications may suggest the relationships of tuberous sclerosis, Cowden disease, lymphangiomatosis among others. Besides it is noteworthy that the three of them, i.e. cardiac myxoma, renal angioflbrolipomas and thyroid adenoma, presented considerable atypism at the same time. As to the histogenesis of cardiac myxoma, this case may be in accord with the hamartoma theory.
IDIOPATHIC RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS
Authors: Sakai Yasuhiro , Nasu Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2008

This report presents the first autopsy case in Japan of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis which had developed in a 71‐year‐old man. The clinical course was of extremely long duration of more than 10 years. Malignancy was suspected on biopsy, and at one stage chylous ascites developed. The cause of this retroperitoneal fibrosis could not be determined, but it is considered that the vicious circle of inflammatory processes such as cellulitis and lymphangitis in the retroperitoneum and lymphedema as well as lymphorrhage attributable to mechanical lymphatic obstruction brought about the retroperitoneal fibrosis.
CHANGES IN HISTOLOGY OF THE REGIONAL LYMPH NODES AND IN THE PROPORTIONS OF T AND B CELL POPULATIONS BY OXAZOLONE PAINTING OR LPS INJECTION IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Onoé Kazunori
Published: December 2008

Changes in the regional lymph nodes from guinea pigs stimulated with oxazolone painting or LPS injection were examined by light and electron microscopy at various intervals. The proportions of T and B cells in the nodes were estimated by rosette formation technique30,34 and weights of the thymus and spleen were measured at the same time. The first event occurring in the nodes after antigenic stimulation was increase in number and activity of post‐capillary venules (PGV) which resulted in augmentation of an influx of small lymphocytes from the recirculating pool. Lymphocytes which streamed into the nodes promptly flowed out through the sinus endothelium into the pool. The second event was specific accumulation of committed lymphocytes35. The proportion of T cell in the node suspension reached a peak 4 days after oxazolone painting when morphological changes became maximum and the thymus enlarged. On the other hand, in LPS group, B cells reached a peak on day 5 or 6 when relatively immature germinal centers increased in the nodes and decreased on day 7 because of their differentiation into plasma cells.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF PLACENTAL AND UTERINE TUMORS INDUCED IN RATS
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Sugaya Toru , Onishi Shunzo , Miyaji Toru
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructure of eight 7,12‐dlmethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) or 4‐nltroquinollne‐N‐oxide (4‐NQO) Induced malignant tumors of placental and uterine origin in the rat were studied. Three of eight tumors had the ultra‐structural characteristics of choriocarcinoma. The other five tumors had different fine structures. Two were classified as squamous cell carcinoma, one was as a leiomyosarcoma and the other two were undifferentiated sarcoma.
SARCOMA BOTRYOIDES ARISING FROM THE BILIARY TRACT OF CHILDREN — A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Taira Yoshitsugi , Nakayama Iwao , Moriuchi Akira , Takahara Osamu , Ito Toshiya , Tsuchiya Ryoichi , Hirano Tatsuo , Matsushita Tadao
Published: December 2008

Sarcoma botryoides (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) originating from the common bile duct is reported in a 4‐year‐old girl. Grossly, the tumor is characterized by multiple polypoid and grape‐like projections into the lumen of the common bile duct and shows plate‐like thickening of the common bile duct wall. On multiple cut‐sections these polypoid masses are soft and light yellow white except for multifocal hemorrhage. Histologically the tumor consists of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with a myxomatous appearance; rhabdomyoblasts with varing degree of maturation are scattered here and there within the matrix. These cells are characterized by a strap and racket shape with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated cytoplasm with cross striations. The histogenesis of the tumor may be related possibly to an abnormal differentiation of the primitive mesenchymal cells toward striated muscle cells.