bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LBCapsNet: a lightweight balanced capsule framework for image classification of porcelain fragments
Authors: Li Ruoxue , Geng Guohua , Wang Xizhi , Qin Yulin , Liu Yangyang , Zhou Pengbo , Zhang Haibo
Published: April 2024

The image classification task of porcelain fragments is of great significance for the digital preservation of cultural heritage. However, common issues are encountered in the image processing of porcelain fragments, including the low computation speed, decreased accuracy due to the uneven distribution of sample categories, and model instability. This study proposes a novel Capsule Network model, referred to as LBCapsNet, which is suitable for the extraction of features from images of porcelain artifacts fragments. A bottleneck-like channel transformation module denoted by ChannelTrans, which resides between the convolutional layer and the PrimaryCaps layer, was first designed. This module is used to reduce the computational complexity and enhance the processing speed when dealing with intricate porcelain images. The MF-R loss function was then proposed by incorporating focal loss into the original loss function. This allows to address the issue of imbalanced distribution of ceramic shard samples and reduce the classification errors, which leads to faster convergence with smoother trend. Finally, an adaptive dynamic routing mechanism is designed with a dynamic learning rate to enhance the overall stability of the classification process. The experimental results obtained on public datasets, such as MNIST, Fashion- MNIST, CIFAR10, FMD and DTD as well as porcelain fragments dataset, demonstrate that LBCapsNet achieves high classification accuracy with faster and more stable computation compared with existing methods. Furthermore, the ability of LBCapsNet to process special textures can provide technical support for the digital preservation and restoration of cultural heritage.
Big data resolving using Apache Spark for load forecasting and demand response in smart grid: a case study of Low Carbon London Project
Authors: Ali El-Sayed Ali Hussien , Alham M. H. , Ibrahim Doaa Khalil
Published: April 2024

Using recent information and communication technologies for monitoring and management initiates a revolution in the smart grid. These technologies generate massive data that can only be processed using big data tools. This paper emphasizes the role of big data in resolving load forecasting, renewable energy sources integration, and demand response as significant aspects of smart grids. Meters data from the Low Carbon London Project is investigated as a case study. Because of the immense stream of meters' readings and exogenous data added to load forecasting models, addressing the problem is in the context of big data. Descriptive analytics are developed using Spark SQL to get insights regarding household energy consumption. Spark MLlib is utilized for predictive analytics by building scalable machine learning models accommodating meters' data streams. Multivariate polynomial regression and decision tree models are preferred here based on the big data point of view and the literature that ensures they are accurate and interpretable. The results confirmed the descriptive analytics and data visualization capabilities to provide valuable insights, guide the feature selection process, and enhance load forecasting models' accuracy. Accordingly, proper evaluation of demand response programs and integration of renewable energy resources is accomplished using achieved load forecasting results.
Asymptomatic mature intrapericardial teratoma in an adult: a case report of a rare condition
Authors: Watanabe Hikaru , Kanauchi Naoki , Suzuki Jun , Matsuo Soumei , Shiono Satoshi
Published: April 2024

Background

Benign mature teratomas are the most common type of anterior mediastinal germ cell tumor. Mature intrapericardial teratomas are generally diagnosed during infancy because of symptoms of cardiac compression. In contrast, mature adult intrapericardial teratomas are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of mature intrapericardial teratomas. We describe herein a case of a mature intrapericardial teratoma in an asymptomatic adult.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old woman was found by computed tomography during a health checkup to have an anterior mediastinal mass. She was asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable with no evidence of heart failure. The preoperative provisional radiological diagnosis was a mature intrapericardial teratoma. A median sternotomy revealed an approximately 5-cm diameter protruding intrapericardial mass with a smooth surface. The mass was completely resected. Histopathological examination resulted in a diagnosis of a mature intrapericardial teratoma. The patient did well and has no evidence of recurrence 5 years after surgery.

Conclusions

Mature intrapericardial teratomas in adults are extremely rare. Given the risks of malignant transformation, rupture, compression of the heart, and infection, excision is indicated to prevent development of serious manifestations.
The current techniques in dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty: a comprehensive review
Authors: Nikparto Nariman , Yari Amir , Mehraban Saeed Hasani , Bigdelou Meysam , Asadi Amirali , Darehdor Amirmohammad Arabi , Nezaminia Sayna , Khani Mehdi , Hakim Lotfollah Kamali , Eskandari Fateme , Erfani Maryam , Tebyaniyan Hamid
Published: April 2024

Background

An essential aspect of rhinoplasty is the enhancement of the nasal dorsal contour by performing dorsal augmentation (DA) rhinoplasty. A wide range of techniques are available for DA as the demand for aesthetic nasal refinement grows. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current techniques used in DA rhinoplasty.

Main body

Research articles on DA rhinoplasty techniques were identified through a comprehensive literature search. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were used as electronic databases. Each database was searched for articles published since its inception. DA rhinoplasty techniques were examined in this literature review. Methodological quality was assessed for the selected studies, and data was extracted to examine materials used, surgical approaches, and reported outcomes for each technique. Various DA methods, including autologous grafts and synthetic implants, are examined in-depth in this review. Comparing approaches can help better understand their respective advantages and limitations.

Conclusion

A wealth of techniques is available for DA rhinoplasty, each with advantages. Patients’ nasal anatomy, desired outcomes, and potential risks must be considered by surgeons when determining their surgical approach. DA methods continue to evolve rapidly, creating a need for a thorough understanding of the current landscape to make informed decisions.
The effect of octenidine dihydrochloride on the antibacterial activity of a formulated resin composite: an in vitro study
Authors: Mansour Mahitab , Salah Tarek , Salem Haidy N.
Published: April 2024

Background

It has been noticed that failure of composite resin restorations can be attributed to either of the two following causes: fracture or secondary caries. For that reason, it is mandatory to formulate a restorative material with antibacterial effect. An octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) has been assessed as an alternative to antimicrobial material, such as chlorhexidine due to their higher microbicidal effect and less cytotoxicity.

Objective

Current study aimed to add different concentrations of octenidine dihydrochloride into experimental flowable resin composite and evaluate its antibacterial activity over different periods of time to provide the manufacturers with more precise information.

Methods

A flowable resin composite material mix was formulated. Octenidine dihydrochloride antibacterial material was then added separately to the formulated mix at 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. concentration, respectively. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Streptococcus mutans using agar diffusion test and compared to a commercial resin composite.

Results

It showed that by increasing the percentage of incorporated octenidine dihydrochloride (1% and 1.5%), respectively, the antibacterial efficacy against the Streptococcus mutans increased. Results of this study also showed the time had a significant decrease in the antibacterial effect.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that by the incorporation of octenidine dihydrochloride (1% and 1.5%), respectively, the antibacterial efficacy against the Streptococcus mutans increased. Time had a significant decrease in the antibacterial effect of OCT.
Scheduling based on residual energy of sensors to extend the lifetime of network in wireless sensor network
Authors: Pathak Anushri Narendra , Yadav Arvind R.
Published: April 2024

The maximum amount of sensor energy is consumed during broadcasting. Hence in order to make delay with the network lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN), there is a need of optimum utilization of sensor energy. Scheduling in media access control (MAC) layer plays a critical role in the designing of WSN to avoid collision and conserve more energy. The Distributed energy aware MAC (DE-MAC) is one such efficient and feasible MAC protocol that addresses the energy management issues in WSN. This work proposes an extension of DE-MAC framework by allocating varying period slots to the nodes based on their residual energy level. Energy of all the nodes is exchanged at regular intervals. Accordingly, the nodes with low energy are allocated less time slots for broadcast and are made to sleep for more time. Simulation is carried out using NS2 (network simulator 2) and the efficiency and performance results are compared with DE-MAC for analysis. Improvement in performance for various parameters such as residual energy, throughput, and packet delivery ratio can be observed.
The influence of sport climbing on depressive disorders
Authors: Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Sambura Sambura , Paschke Patrycja , Miczek Igor , Pałuchowska Julia , Szymkowicz Anna
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting a significant percentage of the adult population. The disease is associated with many negative health consequences and is one of the leading causes of disability and inability to work worldwide. Sports climbing can be a great method, complementary to psychotherapy, used to reduce the symptoms of depressive disorders.
 Aim of the study:
The aim of our work is to review and summarize the most interesting conclusions from research on the impact of climbing as a complementary form of treatment for depressive disorders.
Material and methods:
We conducted a review of scientific publications published in the years 2004-2024 in English and Polish in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We used keywords such as "depression" and "sport climbing".
Conclusions:
Research shows that sport climbing can alleviate depressive symptoms, have a positive impact on emotion regulation and lead to changes in brain functioning.
Editorial
Authors: Ward Bradley , Guglielmo Marco , Cruz Melany , Bailey David J.
Published: April 2024

How is progressive politics developing in the wake of the multiple global crises that we currently face? What does it mean to be politically progressive in contemporary politics? Is the electoral turn the only path for today’s progressive politics? This special issue seeks to explore the current range of opportunities and obstacles facing advocates of progressive politics following more than a decade of eventful developments since the 2008 global economic crisis. It focuses especially on two core themes which we consider to be central to the journal Global Political Economy. First, we explore the nature of the current crisis/crises in the contemporary global political economy. Second, we highlight the forms of progressive politics that we consider to have the potential to respond to that crisis. In doing so, we seek to delineate the scope for resistance, dissent and emancipation in the contemporary global political economy; and, in doing so, focus our attention on the contested nature of that global political economy, and the trajectories for change which instances of contestation have the potential to produce.
Hyperspectral magnetite grade based on characteristic band screening inversion study
Authors: Bai Yang , Jia Yuna , Xie Xiao , Zhang Yunpeng
Published: April 2024

In order to clarify the relationship between magnetite grade and reflectance spectra, spectral testing of different grades of magnetite was carried out to analyze the effect of iron grade on the reflectance spectra of specimens. The results show that the fluctuation trends of the spectral curves of different grades of magnetite are slightly different. By screening the characteristic bands of magnetite grade, it was found that the characteristic bands of different grades of magnetite are mainly distributed in the range of 350-1000 nm and 1800-2500 nm. Then based on the relationship between magnetite grade and reflectance spectra, two inversion models of magnetite grade, PLSR and MLSR, were established. By comparing and analyzing the inversion models of magnetite grade established by PLSR and MLSR, it was found that the inversion accuracy based on the PLSR model was better than that of the MLSR model, in which the and the RMSE of validation set of the best model was respectively 0.9982 and 0.95%.
New point of view about optical activity in a helically-coiled fiber
Authors: Li Chun-Fang , Hu Zhijuan
Published: April 2024

The optical activity in a helically-coiled optical fiber is reexamined. It is proven that not only is there no circular birefringence in the fiber but the polarization relative to the laboratory reference frame is not rotated along the fiber. The reason for this is that in contrast with the polarization vector, the Jones vector does not give a complete description of the polarization. As a mathematical entity in some local reference frame that depends on the instantaneous propagation direction, it can only describe the state of polarization relative to that reference frame. With the new implication of the Jones vector, the results of the experiment reported by Papp and Harms in 1977 are explained satisfactorily. In particular, it is shown that the state of polarization relative to the Tang frame remains unchanged along the fiber. The optical activity appears only relative to the Serret-Frenet frame.
Impact of melatonin administration on sperm quality, steroid hormone levels, and testicular blood flow parameters in small ruminants: A meta-analysis
Authors: Budiyanto Agung , Hartanto Slamet , Widayanti Rini , Kurnianto Heri , Wardi Wardi , Haryanto Bambang , Munir Ivan Mambaul , Ibrahim Alek , Ludfiani Dini Dwi
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: The impact of exogenous melatonin on the sperm quality of small ruminants is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize previous findings on the influence of melatonin injection on sperm quality, steroid hormones, and testicular blood flow in small ruminants.

Materials and Methods: Thirty studies were analyzed by computing the raw mean difference (RMD) as the effect size between the control and melatonin treatment groups, using the inverse of the variance for the random-effect model of the method of moments by DerSimonian and Laird. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using Q test. I2 statistic was used to classify the observed heterogeneity. We used Egger’s regression method to indicate publication bias.

Results: Melatonin injection (p < 0.05) affected sperm concentration (RMD = 0.42 × 109/mL), morphology (RMD = 2.82%), viability (RMD = 2.83%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 4.26%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 1.09%). Total motility (RMD = 5.62%), progressive motility (RMD = 7.90%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 8.68%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 2.01%) of post-thawed semen in the melatonin-treated group were also increased (p < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with melatonin (p < 0.05) enhanced total motility (RMD = 5.78%), progressive motility (RMD = 5.28%), curvilinear velocity (RMD = 4.09 μm/s), straight-line velocity (RMD = 5.61 μm/s), and average path velocity (RMD = 4.94 μm/s). Testosterone (RMD = 1.02 ng/mL) and estradiol 17-ß levels (RMD = 0.84 pg/mL) were elevated (p < 0.05) in the melatonin-injected group. Melatonin implantation ameliorated testicular blood flow, as indicated by a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the resistive index (RMD = 0.11) and pulsatility index (RMD = –0.15).

Conclusion: Melatonin administration can increase the reproductive performance of small male ruminants.

Keywords: goat, implantation, melatonin, meta-analysis, reproduction, sheep.
Concomitant Achalasia and Barrett's Esophagus: A Rare Coincidence
Authors: Altfillisch Charles , Mok Anthony , Hamo Falak , Yuquimpo Kyle , Dunshee Carlyle , Samo Salih
Published: April 2024

The pathophysiologies of achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease with Barrett's esophagus are highly distinct, though the clinical signs and symptoms of both are highly overlapped. The concomitant development of both achalasia and Barrett's esophagus is rare. We describe a case of a patient with a concomitant diagnosis of both pathologies and further explain the epidemiology of carrying both diseases simultaneously.
Animals’ Pleasures
Authors: De Lazari-Radek Katarzyna , Singer Peter
Published: April 2024

In this article we argue that it is reasonable to believe that normal vertebrate animals can feel pleasure, and that there is sufficient evidence for a capacity for pleasure in some invertebrates. It follows that the pleasures of animals are morally significant. We argue for that in a few steps. First, we explain why philosophers used to concentrate more on pain rather than pleasure in regard to animals. Second, we define the notion of pleasure and show how it implies to non-human animals. Third we discuss whether animals are conscious beings and how they may feel pleasure. It is true that we do not know exactly how pain and pleasure feel to nonhumans, but this is also true for other humans. Even though we can give a detailed verbal description of what we feel, pains and pleasures are subjective and we do not have any certain insight into what another human is feeling. This limitation should not stop us from behaving in a way that takes into account the fact that both we and many nonhuman animals are beings who can suffer and enjoy.
The History of Optometry Journals from a Bibliometric Perspective
Authors: Nichols Jason J. , Morgan Philip B. , Jones Lyndon W. , Efron Nathan
Published: April 2024

The rich history of optometric journal publications has been well documented, but the scientific impact of all optometry journals over all time has not been published. This work aims to determine the most impactful papers, authors, institutions and countries publishing in optometry journals. A h-index for “optometry journal publications” (the “hOJP-index”) was derived for each constituent of each category to serve as a measure of impact. The hOJP-index for the 34,565 papers published in all optometry journals is 136; these papers have been cited 294,239 times. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful and prolific journal (hOJP=118; n=13,095 papers). The most highly cited paper, by Richard Armstrong, is entitled “When to use the Bonferroni correction” (1,172 citations). Australian optometrist Nathan Efron is the most impactful and prolific author (hOJP=41; n=273). UNSW Sydney and the University of California, Berkeley are the most impactful institutions (both hOJP=58), and UNSW Sydney is the most prolific (n=963). The most impactful and prolific nation is the United States (hOJP=109; n=12,050). This quantitative bibliometric analysis demonstrates an impactful optometric research base enshrined in optometry journals.
The History of the Passage of Legislation Authorizing the Alabama Board of Optometric Scholarship Awards
Authors: Amos John F.
Published: April 2024

This article describes and discusses the passage of legislation that established and funded the Alabama Board of Optometric Scholarship Awards. This board awards two types of scholarships: merit scholarships that do not require repayment and loan scholarships that must be repaid if certain criteria are not met. This unique scholarship is funded by the State of Alabama and awarded on an annual basis to Alabama residents who have been admitted or are students at the UAB School of Optometry. The awardees are selected by the board during its annual July meeting. Several changes have been enacted over the years by the legislature that have, among other changes, resulted in the board’s ability to retain loan funds repaid and have increased the amount of funding contributed by the state.
Real-Time PCR Identification of Unique Bacillus anthracis Sequences
Authors: Cieślik P. , Knap J. , Kołodziej M. , Mirski T. , Joniec J. , Graniak G. , Żakowska D. , Winnicka I. , Bielawska-Drózd Agata
Published: April 2024

Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, Grampositive microorganism. It is a causative agent of anthrax, a highly infectious disease. It belongs to the “Bacillus cereus group”, which contains other closely related species, including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, and Bacillus pseudomycoides. B. anthracis naturally occurs in soil environments. The BA5345 genetic marker was used for highly specific detection of B. anthracis with TaqMan probes. The detection limit of a real-time PCR assay was estimated at the level of 16.9 copies (CI95% - 37.4 to 37.86, SD = 0.2; SE = 0.118). Oligonucleotides designed for the targeted sequences (within the tested locus) revealed 100 % homology to B. anthracis strain reference sequences deposited in the database (NCBI) and high specificity to all tested B. anthracis strains. Additional in silico analysis of plasmid markers pag and cap genes with B. anthracis strains included in the database was carried out. Our study clearly indicates that the BA5345 marker can be used with success as a chromosomal marker in routine identification of B. anthracis; moreover, detection of plasmid markers indicates virulence of the examined strains.
Triptolide Induces Apoptosis and Synergizes with Cisplatin in Cisplatin-Resistant HNE1/DDP Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang X. , Zhang J.-J. , Sun Y.-M. , Zhang J. , Wang L.-R. , Li Jian-Chun , Liu Hao
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anti-tumour effects of triptolide (TPL) and of the combination of TPL and cisplatin (DDP) in DDPresistant HNE1/DDP nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cells and to reveal the possible mechanisms. HNE1/ DDP cells were treated with TPL and/or DDP. Cell proliferation was examined by 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl) ‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony-forming assay; the combination index of the synergism between TPL and DDP was calculated. Cell morphological changes were observed under a microscope. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis rate were determined by flow cytometry. 5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetrethyl benzimidalyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining was used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Protein expression was analysed by Western blot, including Bax, caspase-9, Bcl-2, Mcl-1. TPL had an obvious anti-tumour effect and exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity with DDP on DDP‑resistant HNE1/DDP cells. TPL induced HNE1/DDP cell apoptosis via inducing ROS generation. This effect was abolished by the inhibitor of ROS, N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine (NAC). TPL alone or combined with DDP could lower MMP significantly. Western blot showed that TPL alone or in combination with DDP increased expression of Bax and caspase-9, but reduced expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. We conclude that TPL could induce cell apoptosis and synergize with DDP by regulating ROS generation and mitochondrial pathways in HNE1/DDP cells. This indicates that TPL may be effective in DDP‑resistant NPC, either alone or combined with DDP.
American Trypanomiasis and Chagas Disease Sexual Transmission to Naïve Mates: Prevention And Control
Authors: Teixeira Antonio R. L.
Published: April 2024

Chagas disease is the most lethal endemic condition in the Western Hemisphere. Its high morbidity and mortality make the disease a major public health problem in Latin America. At the public hospitals' autopsy rooms, Chagas cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of people’s death, usually at 45 ± 10 years of age. Over the last decades, the disease epidemiologic profiles changed drastically with migration to the five Continents. The immigration of people from Latin America to the Northern Hemisphere bears health concerns, notably, the sexual transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi agent of Chagas disease from males and females to naïve mates, and its vertical transference to progeny. The family-based Chagas disease introduces substantial changes in concepts of disease prevention and control. The treatment of Chagas disease with nitro derivatives is unsatisfactory. In the absence of a drug to eradicate the T. cruzi infection, its control requires a robust program of education, information, and communication for health. Its prevention can be achieved through social activists participating in public and private organizations at schools, social clubs, churches, and people’s organizations for health and education.
Perceptions of SONARA’S Corporate Reputation by the Host Community, Limbe II Council Area, Cameroon
Authors: Divine Ebong-Pende Epie , Ngange Kingsley Lyonga , Ndode Stephen N.
Published: April 2024

This study examines how the population of Limbe II council area perceives the Cameroon National Refining Company Ltd (SONARA) in terms of its business activities, its relationship with this major stakeholder group, its respect for environmental ethics, and the contribution of the company to the socio-economic development of the area. The population under study is the Limbe II council area, made up of 11 communities with 42300 inhabitants. Two methods of data collection are used: survey and qualitative content analysis of SONARA’s corporate policy documents. The questionnaire was administered to 330 respondents. Findings suggest that the Limbe Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) is the most prominent social event sponsored by SONARA. FESTAC also projects SONARA’s image most, and best promotes inhabitants’ cultural values. Findings also indicate that for SONARA to gain improved reputation in Limbe II, the corporation should give priority to indigenes of Limbe II municipality in holiday jobs and recruitments. Respondents equally affirm that it is necessary for SONARA to sponsor cultural, educational, health and related activities in Limbe II municipality; pay royalties to the Limbe II Council; and sponsor political campaigns. Empirical evidence show a statistically significant linear relationship (p= 0.000) between SONARA’s satisfaction of Limbe II community needs and a positive reputation that the Limbe II community has about the company. This also implies that the company needs to carry out a re-appraisal of its community management plan for the host communities in order to ensure that only projects that are directly relevant to the needs of the host communities (as indicated by the inhabitants) are embarked upon.
Chern flat, Chern–Ricci flat twisted product in almost Hermitian geometry
Authors: Kawamura Masaya
Published: April 2024

We study Chern flat, Chern–Ricci flat twisted product almost Hermitian manifolds. We extend the twisted product to almost Hermitian manifolds, and give some formulae of the Chern curvature, the Chern–Ricci curvature and the Chern scalar curvature on the twisted product almost Hermitian manifold under the quasi-Kähler condition.
First predation event of an anuran by Holochilus chacarius in the Pantanal wetland, central portion of South America
Authors: Hannibal Wellington , Sousa Daiene L. H. , Sinani Thomaz R. F. , Landgref Filho Paulo
Published: April 2024

The marsh rat (Holochilus chacarius) is considered a specialist herbivorous rodent. In this study, we report the first predation event of an anuran (Pseudis platensis) by a marsh rat in the Pantanal wetlands, South America. This unprecedent event in a flooded wetland in the municipality of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul state, southwestern Brazil. Due to the flashlight, the rodent ceased its predatory activity and left, carrying the anuran in its mouth. Our findings contribute to the natural history of the marsh rat, highlighting that this herbivorous rodent can incorporate fresh animal matter into its diet.
Likelihood and decoding problems for mixed space hidden Markov model
Authors: Kroumbi Hafssa , Nasroallah Abdelaziz
Published: April 2024

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a couple of stochastic processes: A hidden Markov process and an observed emission process. Generally, the HMMs are used to study the hidden behavior of random systems through some observed emission sequences generated by the phenomenon under study. In this frame-work, we propose to solve the likelihood and the decoding problems of HMMs whose state space is composed of a continuous part and a discrete part. We adapt forward, backward and Viterbi algorithms to the case of our proposal. Numerical examples and Monte Carlo simulations are considered to show the efficiency and the adaptation of the algorithms for the proposed model.
The Poetics of Listening
Authors: Mendes-Flohr Paul
Published: April 2024

Noting that one may hear without listening, the article probes the phenomenological and epistemic distinction between hearing and listening. To listen is to be attuned to voices muffled by silence or camouflaged by a defensive rhetoric resonant with a voice inflected by festering wounds, existential and political. In exploring how one is to listen to these voices of silence, I draw upon Martin Buber’s concept of dialogical “inclusion” of others’ stories, to listen without interpretation to allow the voice behind his – or her or their – story, be it merely etched viscerally in the language of silence, to dwell aside one’s own story in a dialogue unencumbered by perceptions of the Other forged by cultural, social, political constructs, and perhaps most insidiously one’s own defensive postures.
Numerical analysis of ultra-thin MASnI3 based perovskite solar cell by SCAPS-1D
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East Delta University, Abdullah Al Noman Road, Noman Society, East Nasirabad, Khulshi, Chattogram 4209, Bangladesh, Siddique Al. A. , Bin Helal S. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Haque M. I. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Published: April 2024

Future solar cells are perovskite solar cells (PSC). Silicon based solar cells offer an unlimited source of clean energy. Even if perovskite PCE is currently not at its optimum, it has shown great potential for improvement. Numerical analysis of PSC is now more convenient using different simulation software which is a great way to experiment on PSC. In this study, a unique structure of PSC has been proposed, its key parameters like acceptor density, perovskite defect density, interface defect density, and thickness has been investigated to find out their impact on device performance. After optimization a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) 30.57%, open circuit voltage of 1.02 V, short circuit current of 34.68 (mA/Cm2 ) and fill factor 86.21% respectively was obtained.
Veneers on Devitalized Teeth: The Role of Adhesive Dentistry in Aesthetic and Functional Therapies
Authors: Amrani Alaoui Yassine , Hicham Soualhi , Amal El Yamani
Published: April 2024

Devitalized teeth present a unique challenge in aesthetic dentistry, often exhibiting aesthetic issues such as color variations, shape changes, or structural fragility. In response to these challenges, dental veneers emerge as a promising solution to restore both the aesthetics and functionality of devitalized teeth. While chemical teeth whitening is the primary treatment approach for dental discolorations, some prove resistant, occasionally necessitating prosthetic interventions. This article aims to explore the application of ceramic veneers as an aesthetic and conservative solution to address the challenges associated with devitalized teeth. We will delve into the procedural steps, technological advancements, and clinical considerations guiding this contemporary practice in aesthetic dentistry.
Silence: A Novel Co-Produced Experience To Build Community Awareness Of Biodiversity Loss
Authors: Bellisario Kristen , Shee Christie
Published: April 2024

The current sounds of our world are under threat of disappearing. Undergraduate students and interdisciplinary university teams are at the forefront of generating collaborative research opportunities to create community awareness of biodiversity loss and conservation practices. Recent conservation research has focused on how local communities can begin to reverse the trends of biodiversity loss by using private residences and urban spaces. The inclusion of native plants in backyard gardens is an accessible way to promote ecological restoration. In this co-produced instructional exhibit, “Earth Day Celebration: Silence,” we introduce a novel experiential event that connects instructional design with community collaboration. The event was designed to explore the ways in which society can become engaged in the preservation and protection of biodiversity and our sonic world.
Students as Engaged Partners in Directed Research Courses
Authors: Benenson Jodi , Johnson Skylar
Published: April 2024

This report from the field reflects on the authors’ experiences in a directed research course on the topic of youth civic engagement in Canada. A literature review was co-written as part of a directed research course where the instructor was a visiting professor from the United States and the student was an undergraduate student in Canada. The content of this report was gathered during various stages of the directed research course and is informed by literature focused on students as engaged partners in teaching and learning in higher education. Specifically, we reflect on the ways viewing students as engaged partners can leverage their knowledge and lived experiences when engaging in directed research courses, especially when the student and faculty member may be coming from different countries in North America. In addition, we reflect on how designing a directed research course that views students as engaged partners can provide a rich ground for the redistribution of power in higher education and strengthen the quality of research through the co-creation of new knowledge and ideas.
Screening of Protease Producers Among Representatives of the Genus Bacillus Isolated from the Coastal Zone of the Kinburn Split
Authors: Gudzenko O.V. , Varbanets L.D.
Published: April 2024

Protease-producing representatives of Bacillus have been isolated from various environments such as the rhizosphere, soil, sewage, food, waste, and saline environments (sea water, marine sediments, hypersaline lakes, salty food, soda lakes, etc.). However, today, little is known about the characteristics of proteases in representatives of the genus Bacillus, isolated from the coastal and aquatic environments. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to screen for the presence of different types of proteolytic activity in Bacillus cultures isolated from the coastal zone of the Kinburn split. Methods. The objects of the study were 15 cultures (L1-L15), isolated from the dry grass of the coastal zone of the Kinburn spit (Mykolaiv region). The cultures were grown under conditions of deep cultivation at 28 °С, with a mixing speed of the nutrient medium of 230 rpm for 2 days. Methods of determining proteolytic (caseinolytic, elastolytic, fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic, and collagenase) activity in the culture liquid supernatant were used. Results. Study of the spectrum of proteolytic activities of 15 strains of Bacillus sp. showed that L9, L1, L2 and L4 exhibited higher levels of proteolytic activity compared to the other strains tested. Bacillus sp. L9 and L2 showed the highest elastase activity (35.80 and 33.80 U/mL, respectively), L1, L2, and L4 − fibrinogenolytic (12.50, 11.20 and 10.33 U/mL, respectively), and L1 and L4 − fibrinolytic (13.00 and 10.90 U/mL, respectively) activity. Conclusions. According to its catalytic properties, a number of representatives of Bacillus sp. isolated from the dry grass of the coastal zone of the Kinburn split may be promising for further research as producers of enzymes with elastotic, fibrinolytic, and fibrinogenolytic activities.
Prognosis of RNA, siRNA, Followed by the Immunological Response of the Proposed Vaccine (Vac534) against COVID-19
Authors: Dawood A.A.
Published: April 2024

Despite the decline in Coronavirus infections, care must be taken to avoid new mutations that allow the virus to escape vaccination and treatment. Viral RNA is responsible for virus replication and assembly in the host cell. Aim. The goal of this work was to predict the RNA secondary structure of the vaccination we developed before (Vac534). In addition, the degree of RNA overlaps while translating into ribosomes, refolding, and evaluating the protein immune response are all considered. Methods. Different immunobioinformatics tools and servers were utilized for analysis. RNA folding was executed through the application of RNAstructure 6.4 and RNAfold software. The unique sequence context led to the emergence of potential RNA structures at the site where ribosome binding occurs. A new method, C-IMMSIM, which relies on immune cell epitope prediction, was employed to gain fresh insights into comprehending the immune system. Results. А high probability of ≥ 99% is shown between nucleotides with the stability of loops and motifs of the RNA 2D structure. The predicted siRNA sequences, which were located in three places, were used to calculate total energy, self-folding, and a free end with a high accessibility score. RNA translation into the ribosome is required to determine the optimum direction of translation. The short docking fragment of 24 nucleotides of RNA (Vac534) generated six robust binds with MPRO at high energy. Conclusions. The immunological evaluation of the vaccination is critical for stimulating immune cells and detecting interleukins and cytokine production. This study is viewed as a step toward developing Coronavirus treatments. The number of loops and motifs is increasing, with a probability of above 99% for most sequences. The predicted siRNA sequences, which were located in three places, were used to calculate total energy, self-folding, and a free end with a high accessibility score.
Peculiarities of Bacilli Ontogenesis During Cycle from a Spore to a Vegetative Cell
Authors: Voitsekhovsky V.G. , Avdeeva L.V. , Balko O.B. , Balko O.I.
Published: April 2024

In the review, on the example of aerobic spore-forming bacteria, the problems of the development and ontogenesis of the bacterial cell are considered along with the possibilities of influencing the course of these processes. The characteristics of the main concepts "growth", "differentiation", and "development" as independent processes with their dynamic interrelation are presented. Attention is focused on the analysis of literature data on the peculiarities of vegetative cell development, starting from a spore in a dormant state and finishing with vegetative form formation. In particular, the mechanisms that maintain the spore dormant state and subsequent processes of activation, initiation, outgrowth, and vegetative cell formation are described. There are emphasized certain problems with research on the ontogenesis of bacterial cells due to the deficiency of appropriate methods, as well as the lack of a single opinion regarding individual stages of the development and vegetative form formation. It was concluded that the study of individual stages of the development of prokaryotes, which differ in spore-forming and non-spore-forming microorganisms, is still relevant. Knowledge of these processes will help scientists to develop mechanisms of influence on the ontogenesis of microorganisms.
Biopolymers in geotechnical engineering for soil improvement
Authors: Fradj Nourhen , Török Ákos , Kádár István
Published: April 2024

Several biopolymer applications in geotechnical engineering have been adopted in recent years, notably dust control, soil strengthening, and erosion control. Although biopolymer soil treatment approaches can assure engineering efficiency while satisfying environmental protection standards, this technology requires more validation regarding site adaptability, durability, and economic feasibility. The influence of biopolymers on soil behavior is discussed within geotechnical engineering applications and practices, including soil consistency limits, strength and deformation parameters, hydraulic conductivity, soil-water properties, and erosion prevention.

Laboratory studies were performed to confirm the behavior of the treated soil, including Atterberg limits, proctor, and direct shear tests utilizing two types of biopolymers: guar gum and xanthan gum.
Implant-Supported, Bar-Retained Maxillary Overdenture and Mandibular Implant-Supported, Metal-Acrylic Resin, Screw-Retained, Fixed Complete Denture on an Edentulous Patient: Case Report
Authors: Fahmi Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Most edentulous patients prefer fixed restoration or detachable prostheses over conventional complete dentures. The case report aims to address and discuss the clinical and laboratory steps of implant-supported, bar-retained maxillary overdenture and mandibular implant-supported, metal-acrylic resin, screw-retained, fixed complete denture. Impression techniques and laboratory steps are discussed and demonstrated to minimize the postfabrication or insertion complication. It lets you achieve the passive fit of the prosthesis that maintains the osseointegration by reducing stress on implants and the surrounding bone.
Evaluation of 4 and 8 Weeks of Healing in a Murine Implant Model
Authors: Chalmers Jaclyn C. , Silva Davi Neto de Araújo , Casarin Maísa , Monajemzadeh Sepehr , Pirih Flavia Q.
Published: April 2024

Dental implants are increasing in prevalence as desirable options for replacing missing teeth. Unfortunately, implants come with complications, and animal models are crucial to studying the pathophysiology of complications. Current murine model experiments can be lengthy, with 8 weeks of extraction socket healing before implant placement. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of decreasing extraction healing time from 8 to 4 weeks in a dental implant mouse model. Thirty-one 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice underwent maxillary first and second molar extractions followed by 8 (control) or 4 (test) weeks of extraction socket healing before implant placement. Mice were euthanized after 4 weeks of implant osseointegration. Samples were analyzed via microcomputerized tomography and histology. When mice received implants 4 weeks after extractions, there was no statistical difference in initial bone crest remodeling or surrounding bone volume compared to those after 8 weeks of healing. Histologically, the hard and soft tissues surrounding both groups of implants displayed similar alveolar bone levels, inflammatory infiltrate, osteoclast count, and collagen organization. A 4-week extraction healing period can be utilized without concern for osseointegration in a murine implant model and is a viable experimental alternative to the previous eight weeks of healing. While small animal implant models are less directly applicable to humans, advancements in experimental methods will ultimately benefit patients receiving dental implants through improved prevention and treatment of complications. Subsequent research could investigate occlusal effects or whether healing time affects prognosis after induction of peri-implantitis.
Safety and effectiveness of single- versus double-dose of seasonal influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meidani M. , Khatami M. , Abdollahi A. , Mirzapour P. , Karimian E. , SeyedAlinaghi S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Influenza virus poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals such as those who have received organ transplants and are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment to prevent transplant rejection. Therefore, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for these individuals. This study aimed to comparison of safety and effectiveness of single- versus double-dose of seasonal influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients.
Materials and methods. This randomized clinical trial involved 50 kidney transplant recipients at Imam Khomeini Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: those receiving a single dose (standard dose) and those receiving a double dose of the seasonal flu vaccine. Serum samples were collected before and 4 weeks after vaccination to measure influenza AB-related antibodies. Sixteen patients were excluded from the study. The trial focused on evaluating the vaccine safety and immunogenicity, as well as documenting any local and systemic side effects following vaccination.
Results. The results indicated no significant difference in gender, age, and type of immunosuppressive drug used between the single- and double-dose groups (p 0.05). No significant difference in post-vaccination adverse effects, such as injection site pain (p = 0.21) between the two groups. The seroconversion rates (change from IgG 9 IU/µL to IgG 11 IU/µL) for IgG Influenza A were 12.5% (n = 2) in the single-dose group and 26.7% (n = 4) in the double-dose group, and for IgG Influenza B, they were 11.8% (n = 2) and 21.4% (n = 3), respectively.
Conclusion. A double dose of the influenza vaccine slightly enhanced the immune response in kidney transplant patients without causing any adverse side effects.
Differences in complete blood count parameters in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis based on vaccination status (literature review)
Authors: Konyuhov A. V. , Kostinova A. M. , Loktionova M. N. , Kostinov M. P. , Pechenik A. S.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Due to the large-scale vaccination campaigns against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus taking place worldwide, the question arises as to how vaccination may affect complete blood count (CBC) parameters in COVID-19 cases. Research objective: assess differences in complete blood count parameters in COVID-19 patients based on their vaccination status.
Materials and methods. A review of publications was conducted describing and presenting the complete blood count parameters in patients with verified COVID-19, by stratifying them into vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals against the SARS-CoV-2 virus-caused disease. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of the results for each CBC parameter was carried out by describing identified differences among patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, lacking comorbidities affecting CBC indicators.
Results. The analysis conducted allowed to determine that the complete blood count parameters do not exceed the reference range in most cases in both groups, excepting those of individuals with a severe disease course. The exception is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (42 [20.5–63.5] (∑n = 107, Me [Q1–Q3])) mm/h in unvaccinated individuals. Also, a slightly lower absolute lymphocyte count is observed in vaccinated individuals (0.95 [0.58–1.62] × 109/L (∑n = 441, Me [Q1–Q3])). There is a twofold greater range of leukocyte quartile values in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals: 7.07 [4.07–12.31] × 109/L (∑n = 555, Me [Q1–Q3]) vs 5.68 [4.02–8.34] × 109/L (∑n = 2202, Me [Q1–Q3]). A similar pattern is observed for monocytes.
Conclusion. Conducting a meta-analysis of laboratory parameters in COVID-19 cases among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals allows for determining the effectiveness of vaccination as well as identify the major trends in dynamic changes for essential blood parameters among unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals in general or with certain immunobiological preparations.