bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Photo‐Responsive Pd2L4‐Type Nanocages based on Feringa's Second‐Generation Motor and Its Guest Binding Ability for C60
Authors: Qin Yunan , Xiong Jingpeng , Li Quan , Zhang Yuexing , Zeng Ming‐Hua
Published: July 2022

We present the construction of a M2L4‐type metal‐organic nanocage featuring four endohedral Feringa's motor motifs and its adaptive encapsulation towards a C60 guest molecule. The structure of the cage, though complicated on the 1H NMR spectrum due to the adoption of mixed ligands, was unambiguously characterized with a combination of ESI‐MS, 2D DOSY, 13C NMR and particularly the SAXS technique. The molecular motor within the cage demonstrated similar photophysical properties to the uncoordinated one, indicating the motor's function was not compromised when it was anchored in such a confined nanospace. Furthermore, the nanocage showed good guest encapsulation ability towards C60, and a guest induced‐fit behavior of the cage was revealed based on the extensive SAXS analysis and molecular dynamics simulation. The adaptive motorized nanocage reported here represents one of the very few examples of integrating individual motors into a discrete nanoconfined system and offers prospects to achieve its non‐equilibrium functions.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thioesters and Organomanganese Reagents**
Authors: Geiger Valentin Jacob , Lefèvre Guillaume , Fleischer Ivana
Published: July 2022

We report a Fukuyama‐type coupling of thioesters with aliphatic organomanganese reagents utilizing a cheap and easily available iron(III) precatalyst. The reactions exhibit a wide tolerance of solvents and functional groups, allowing for the conversion of thioesters derived from natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. A strong steric impact from each reaction component (carboxylic moiety, thiol substituent and manganese reagent) was displayed, which enabled regioselective transformation of dithioesters. Mechanistic investigations showed that the released thiolate does not act as a mere spectator ligand, but rather positively influences the stability of intermediate alkyl(II)ferrates.
Effect of gas properties and wall materials on particle charging in gas–solid fluidized beds
Authors: Hou Jiangtian , Liu Xiaoyu , Rahman M. Hafizur , Li Haisheng , Sundaresan Sankaran , Grace John R. , Bi Xiaotao
Published: July 2022

The charges acquired by polyethylene and glass particles fluidized by argon, nitrogen, and air at different humidity levels in acrylic and steel columns have been measured. Increased bed expansion at higher fluidization gas velocities lowered the space charge effect, allowing the particles to acquire more charges. The low dielectric strength of argon limits the extent of charging when the particles are fluidized in argon. The effect of the humidity of the air on particle charge differed appreciably between the two columns. The charge densities acquired by the particles in several experiments appear to have been limited by the dielectric strength of the fluidization gas.
Inductive effect of MXene membrane influenced by β‐cyclodextrin intercalation
Authors: Yang Haodong , Chen Huan , Chen Zhe , Li Yong , Yao Lei , Wang Geming , Deng Quanrong , Fu Ping
Published: July 2022

Two‐dimensional nanomaterials could be potentially applied in the field of brain–computer interface due to their significant inductive effect during ion permeation. In order to tune the inductive signal through the microstructure, a membrane based on MXene‐grafted β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was prepared, and its electrochemical performance was recorded. The experimental results confirmed that β‐CD has been successfully intercalated into the gallery between the MXene sheets, and the intercalation induced a weaker inductive effect of MXene in the ion diffusion process. Moreover, the results indicated that easier ion diffusion through the membrane could result in weaker inductance. Besides, the experimental results were roughly analyzed by the back‐propagation (BP) neural network to compare the contribution of the influence factors. The results suggested that tunable inductance can be achieved by constructing a certain interlay spacing of MXene, which could be potentially used to design microsized inductors in biological applications.
Extremely Stable Sulfuric Acid Covalent Organic Framework for Highly Effective Ammonia Capture†
Authors: Li Jinli , Xiao Yun , Shui Feng , Yi Mao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Xiongli , Zhang Laiyu , You Zifeng , Yang Rufeng , Yang Shiqi , Li Baiyan , Bu Xian‐He
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most important industrial feedstocks in the fields of fertilizers, drugs, explosives, ordnance, commercial cleanings, and so on. However, the features of ammonia such as high toxicity and corrosivity, and difficulty in handling would inevitably increase the risk of environmental damage and the deterioration of natural/public lands. Although sorts of solid adsorbents such as metal oxides, zeolites, organic polymers, activated carbons, and metal organic frameworks have been applied in NH3 capture, they still show low uptake capacity, low affinities, and instability. Herein, we developed the first case of a highly stable sulfuric acid covalent organic framework (COF), namely TpBD‐(SO3H)2, as NH3 capturer, in which sulfonic acid sites can strongly interact with NH3 molecules, and enhance the performance of NH3 sorption. As a result, TpBD‐(SO3H)2 shows high chemical stability under strong acid and water conditions, an important merit for the potential application in harsh environment. And it also exhibits high ammonia capacity of 11.5 mmol·g−1 at 298 K and 1.0 bar, making it one of the best in all chemically stable NH3 adsorbents up to date. This work thus develops sulfuric acid COF materials as a new platform for ammonia capture and storage.
Identity authentication for edge devices based on zero‐trust architecture
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Ai Ming , Huang Rong , Qiu Rixuan , Li Yuancheng
Published: July 2022

Device identity authentication is the first line of defense for edge computing security mechanisms. Many authentication schemes are often accompanied by high communication and computational overhead. In addition, due to the continuous enhancement of network virtualization and dynamics, the security requirements for logical boundaries of many enterprise information systems “cloudification,” and the huge data security challenges faced by enterprise core assets, all make the original "one‐time authentication, all the way" trust model no longer reliable. Therefore, the paper proposes a local identity authentication and roaming identity authentication protocol based on a zero‐trust architecture. First, we propose a revocable group signature scheme, the expiration time is bound to the key of each edge terminal device. According to this solution, since the identity authentication token generated by the expired key is invalid, it does not need to be included in the revocation list, which improves the efficiency of revocation checking. Compared with the current identity authentication protocol, this article not only builds a model based on the zero trust architecture, effectively solves the shortcomings of the network security protection architecture, but also considers the unforgeability of the expiration time, and realizes effective revocation and more efficient identity authentication.
Implementation of NUDT15 Genotyping to Prevent Azathioprine‐Induced Leukopenia for Patients With Autoimmune Disorders in Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Chuang‐Wei , Chi Min‐Hui , Tsai Tsen‐Fang , Yu Kuang‐Hui , Kao Hsiao‐Wen , Chen Hsiang‐Cheng , Chen Chun‐Bing , Lu Chun‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Ti , Chang Ya‐Ching , Chang Chih‐Jung , Chang Yun‐Ting , Jan Wu Yeong‐Jian , Chang Chee‐Jen , Huang Yu Huei , Ng Chau‐Yee , Huang Po‐Wei , Lin Yu‐Jr , Hui Rosaline Chung‐Yee , Chung Wen‐Hung ,   Taiwan/Asian Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction Consortium
Published: July 2022

Azathioprine (AZA) is commonly used for many autoimmune disorders; however, the limitation of its clinical use is due to potential toxicities, including severe leukopenia. Recent studies have identified genetic NUDT15 variants strongly associated with AZA‐induced leukopenia in Asian patients. This study aimed to investigate the strength of above genetic association and evaluate the usefulness of prospective screening of the NUDT15 variants to prevent AZA‐induced leukopenia in Chinese patients. AZA‐induced leukopenia in patients with autoimmune disorders were enrolled from multiple medical centers in Taiwan/China between 2012 and 2017 to determine the strength of genetic association of NUDT15 or TPMT variants by whole exome sequencing (WES). Furthermore, a prospective study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 to investigate the incidence of AZA‐induced leukopenia with and without genetic screening. The WES result showed the genetic variants of NUDT15 R139C (rs116855232) (P = 3.7 × 10−25, odds ratio (OR) = 21.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 12.1–38.8) and NUDT15 rs746071566 (P = 4.2 × 10−9, OR = 7.1, 95% CI = 3.7–13.7), but not TPMT, were associated with AZA‐induced leukopenia and NUDT15 R139C variant shows the highest sensitivity with 92.5%. Furthermore, the targeted screening of 1,013 participants for NUDT15 R139C enabled those identified as carriers to use alternative immunosuppressants. This strategy resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of AZA‐induced leukopenia compared with historical incidence (incidence rate = from 7.6% decreased to 0.4%; P = 9.3 × 10−20). In conclusion, the NUDT15 R139C variant was strongly associated with AZA‐induced leukopenia in Chinese patients. The genetic screening of NUDT15 R139C followed by use of alternative immunosuppressants in identified carriers effectively decreased the incidence of AZA leukopenia for patients with autoimmune disorders.
The use of silver diamine fluoride in a children's hospital: Critical analysis and action protocol
Authors: Brunet‐Llobet Lluís , Auría‐Martín Beatriz , González‐Chópite Yndira , Cahuana‐Bartra Pau , Mashala Elias Isaack , Miranda‐Rius Jaume
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The present critical analysis aims to propose an action protocol for the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in pediatric patients in a hospital setting, especially for those who are currently awaiting hospital dental treatment under general anesthesia.

Material and Methods

A literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE from 2009 to 2021 using the search terms “silver diamine fluoride”, “pediatrics silver diamine fluoride”, “application silver diamine fluoride”, and “AND” ‐ combined with terms: “potassium iodide”, “properties”, “adverse effects”, “early childhood caries”, “patient with disability”, “management”, “special health care needs patient”. Articles that recorded the type of teeth, application protocol, the concentration of the product, and possible complications of the treatment were selected.

Results

Four hundred and sixteen related articles were obtained, of which 13 were finally chosen on the basis of the search criteria. The age at which the use of SDF was recommended ranged from the first year of life to 12 years, in most cases in primary teeth. The study populations varied in size from 53 to 799 patients. An analysis of the characteristics of SDF and its use in pediatric patients with dental caries was performed. The recommended concentration was 38% SDF, applied twice yearly. The main complication reported was staining. A decision algorithm was designed including SDF as an agent for caries control in patients attending the specific population of our hospital (divided into two groups: healthy children aged 0−4 years and patients with special health care needs (SHCNs) aged 0−18 years).

Conclusions

SDF therapy appears to be effective in the control of caries in pediatric patients. We propose an action protocol for patients with early childhood caries to reduce risk, complications, and the progression of lesions. The protocol is aimed especially at pediatric patients who also have some systemic pathology, disability, SHCNs, and/or behavioral difficulties.
High initial target blood concentration in target‐controlled infusion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fujisawa Toshiaki , Takuma Shigeru , Nitta Yukie
Published: July 2022

Objective

Our previously modified propofol intravenous sedation (IVS) method using a target‐controlled infusion (TCI) pump with initial target blood concentration (TBC) set at 2.2 μg/ml enables the prediction of the personal optimal intraoperative TBC during induction with a minimal gap. This study aimed to verify whether this method can be useful in case of higher initial TBCs to reduce induction time.

Methods

Forty‐five patients scheduled to undergo oral surgery under IVS with propofol were randomly divided into three groups (group 1, TCI started with TBC set at 2.2 μg/ml; group 2, TBC was set at 2.6 μg/ml; group 3, TBC was set at 3.0 μg/ml). Immediately after reading the calculated brain concentration when the target sedation was achieved (value A), the initial TBC was manually reset to value A. We manually controlled the intraoperative TBC to maintain moderate sedation, according to the clinical signs and bispectral index values. Of the regulated TBC values, the value farthest from value A was defined as value B. The maximum discrepancy between values B and A and the induction time were compared among the three groups.

Results

The maximum discrepancy (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was significantly larger in group 3 (1.0 ± 1.3 μg/ml, p = .005) and group 2 (0.8 ± 0.2 μg/ml p = .008) than in group 1 (0.5 ± 0.3 μg/ml). The induction time (mean ± SD) was significantly shorter in group 3 (124 ± 126 min, p = .004) and group 2 (135 ± 33 min, p = .006) than in group 1 (245 ± 1913 min). With the initial TBC set at 2.6 μg/ml, the maximum discrepancy was large at 0.8 μg/ml, but with a small SD (0.2 μg/ml).

Conclusion

Considering this discrepancy, this method with an initial TBC set at 2.6 μg/ml may be acceptable for clinical use for moderate sedation (UMIN 000017197).
Multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering in cognitive radio network
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Ranjan Rakesh
Published: July 2022

The current work investigates the performance of multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering in a cognitive radio network. For the spectrum sensing, every secondary user utilizes the multi‐slots of sensing time frame and combines the decisions of every multi‐slot, using the OR logic scheme, to get the sub‐local decision. The channel state information of the connections among the secondary users and access points present on the network's access points has been used to cluster the secondary users. To form the clusters, the secondary users with higher quality reporting channels for a specific access point have been chosen. Therefore, the clusters formed, in each iteration, with their respective access points, are dynamic in nature. Every secondary user in a cluster detects the availability of a primary user, makes a decision, and forwards it to its corresponding access point, via the reporting‐channel. Each access point employs the OR rule to merge the decisions of secondary users in the respective clusters, to make a local decision. Finally, the local decisions of all access points have been directed to fusion center, making the final decision about primary user's accessibility. The performance of multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering has been studied relative to the different parameters, like detection probability, number of clusters, number of multi‐slots, secondary users, and access points. Further, the performance evaluation and comparisons of a multi‐slot‐based cognitive radio network with a single slot, cluster‐based cognitive radio network with non‐clustered, and multi‐slot‐based dynamic cluster with individual multi‐slots as well as dynamic clustering, have been done.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in soft tissue tumors—5‐year institutional experience
Authors: Rakheja Garima , Handa Uma , Punia Rajpal Singh , Attri Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) forms one of the first‐line investigations in the evaluation of tumors in modern era. Its role in diagnosing soft tissue tumors (STT) has been well established. However, the morphological overlap and biological heterogeneity of STT pose a morphological diagnostic challenge.

Aims

To evaluate the scope of FNAC in diagnosis and categorization of STT and to correlate the cytological features with histological findings wherever available, and to analyze the reasons for discordance, if any.

Materials and Methods

All FNAs of cytologically diagnosed STT during 5‐year period were retrospectively analyzed. FNAC smears stained using May‐Grünwald Giemsa, Pap‐ and hematoxylin and eosin, were evaluated and interpreted inconjunction with clinical details. Cellblock and immunocytochemistry (ICC) was done, wherever required to render the final diagnosis.

Results

Of the total 15,844 FNAC done in 5 years, 1319 (8.3%) cases were diagnosed as STT. Benign tumors comprised the majority (94.2%), whereas 5.8% were diagnosed to be malignant. These were further grouped according to the cytomorphological features into adipocytic (82.2%), benign spindle cell lesions (10.8%), vascular (1.4%), spindle cell sarcoma/sarcoma NOS (2.2%), myxoid (0.3%), round cell tumors (0.9%), metastatic tumors (1.9%), and others (0.3%). The cytological findings were corelated with histopathological findings, which were available in 316 cases. The specificity and sensitivity calculated for detecting malignancy was 99.2% and 95.4%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing malignancy was 98.7%. Among the group of non‐adipocytic tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV calculated for diagnosing a malignant tumor (irrespective of exact sub‐categorization) is 95.2%, 100%, 100%, and 96.4%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy in non‐adipocytic tumors is 97.92%.

Conclusion

FNAC is a simple, cost effective, and minimally invasive method in diagnosing STT with good sensitivity and specificity. It is of utility not only in primary lesions, but also for metastatic tumors, and for the documentation of locally recurrent soft tissue neoplasms.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic stent placement for afferent loop obstruction using a short double‐balloon endoscopy
Authors: Ito Takashi , Shimatani Masaaki , Masuda Masataka , Nakamaru Koh , Mitsuyama Toshiyuki , Fukata Norimasa , Ikeura Tsukasa , Takaoka Makoto , Okazaki Kazuichi , Naganuma Makoto
Published: July 2022

Background

Afferent loop obstruction (ALO) is a rare mechanical complication that occurs after gastrojejunostomy. Recently the use of double‐balloon endoscopy (DBE) can be useful for benign and malignant ALO.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 22 patients who underwent DBE for ALO from January 2009 to December 2020. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of short DBE treatment for ALO.

Results

Short DBE was able to reach an obstructive site in the afferent limb in all patients (100%) and was able to reach the blind end in 14 patients (64%). The technical success rate was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 95%. Procedure‐related adverse events occurred in two patients (9%). In the case of benign ALO, three of nine patients showed improvement in ALO with single stent placement. Two of nine patients improved after the replacement of the plastic stent (PS) two or three times. Four of nine patients continued with the replacement of PS. In the case of malignant ALO, the metallic stent was placed in 10 patients, and eight patients with metallic stents did not experience stent occlusion until they died. Reintervention was attempted in six patients (27%) with benign ALO but was not attempted in malignant ALO.

Conclusions

Treatments for ALO using the short DBE was effective and relatively safe because the technical and clinical success rates were very high and there were relatively low complications. Consequently, short DBE could be the first‐choice treatment for both benign and malignant ALO.
Caregiver‐reported household food insecurity and child‐reported food insecurity in relation to eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent children
Authors: Barry Mikayla R. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , McGowan Andrea R. , Needham Belinda L. , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Leung Cindy W.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To examine the relation of caregiver‐reported household food insecurity (FI) and child‐reported FI with eating disorder (ED) risk factors and symptoms, including effect modification by gender, in preadolescent children.

Method

Data were from the Family Food Study, a cross‐sectional study of households with incomes ≤200% of the federal poverty line in southeastern Michigan. Children aged 8–10 years (n = 194) and their female primary caregivers reported separately on FI status. Children reported ED risk factors/symptoms via the 24‐item Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT‐24), with higher scores indicating more ED risk factors/symptoms. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between FI measures with the ChEAT‐24 total score, plus subscale scores for dieting, food preoccupation, weight preoccupation, vomiting, and social pressure to eat/gain weight. Models were adjusted for child age, child gender, caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, and household income.

Results

Among all children, child‐reported FI, but not caregiver‐reported household FI, was associated with more ED risk factors/symptoms. Child‐reported FI (vs. no FI) was associated with higher average ChEAT‐24 total score (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.25). Child‐reported FI was also associated with more food preoccupation, more weight preoccupation, and more social pressure to eat. Caregiver‐reported household FI was marginally associated with less dieting in girls, and child‐reported FI was associated with more dieting in boys.

Discussion

Child‐reported FI may be more salient than caregiver‐reported household FI as a risk factor for ED‐related outcomes in preadolescent children. Gender may modify the association between FI and dieting behavior.

Public Significance Statement

More child‐reported food insecurity, but not parent‐reported household food insecurity, was associated with more eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent boys and girls. These findings emphasize the need for future studies that investigate the role of food insecurity in the development of eating disorders, especially studies that measure child‐reported experience of food insecurity.
Integrating reasonable proportion of blue and green water into land use planning—A new ecological perspective
Authors: Yan Wenhui , Li Fawen , Zhao Yong
Published: July 2022

Under the background of shortage of water resources and prominent ecological and environmental problems, the evaluation of blue‐green water resources is a necessary work to meet the ecological water demand and coordinate the distribution of water. Too little or too much blue water or green water will cause social and ecological problems. Land use is not only the main factor affecting blue‐green water but also one of the main ways for human activities to regulate blue‐green water. In this paper, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to evaluate the multi‐year average current blue water volume of Ziya River Basin from 2005 to 2015, which is 8.193 billion m3, and green water volume is 20.113 billion m3. The spatial distribution of their multi‐year average values shows a trend of gradually increasing from northwest mountainous area to southeast plain area. Considering the changes in population growth, urbanization rate, water quota and other factors, it is estimated that the total available water volume in 2025 is 27.037 billion m3, the blue water volume is 6.853 billion m3 and the green water volume is 20.184 billion m3. By adjusting the land use type, the amount of green water is increased by about 70 million m3, and the proportion of blue‐green water is adjusted from 1:2.5 to 1:2.9. Adjustment scheme 850.88 km2 of steep slope cultivated land with a slope ≥25° around five large reservoirs in the mountainous area will be converted into woodland, and the green water volume will increase by 9 million m3; while increasing the amount of green water without reducing the ecological area, 2,097.16 km2 grassland with a slope ≥40° will be converted into woodland, and the amount of green water will increase by 60 million m3. Integrating the reasonable proportion of blue‐green water into land use planning can provide a new perspective for the balance of blue‐green water resources, the optimal allocation of water intake and land planning.
Local biodiversity change reflects interactions among changing abundance, evenness, and richness
Authors: Blowes Shane A. , Daskalova Gergana N. , Dornelas Maria , Engel Thore , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Magurran Anne E. , Martins Inês S. , McGill Brian , McGlinn Daniel J. , Sagouis Alban , Shimadzu Hideyasu , Supp Sarah R. , Chase Jonathan M.
Published: July 2022

Biodiversity metrics often integrate data on the presence and abundance of multiple species. Yet our understanding of covariation between changes to the numbers of individuals, the evenness of species relative abundances, and the total number of species remains limited. Using individual‐based rarefaction curves, we show how expected positive relationships among changes in abundance, evenness and richness arise, and how they can break down. We then examined interdependencies between changes in abundance, evenness and richness in more than 1100 assemblages sampled either through time or across space. As predicted, richness changes were greatest when abundance and evenness changed in the same direction, and countervailing changes in abundance and evenness acted to constrain the magnitude of changes in species richness. Site‐to‐site differences in abundance, evenness, and richness were often decoupled, and pairwise relationships between these components across assemblages were weak. In contrast, changes in species richness and relative abundance were strongly correlated for assemblages varying through time. Temporal changes in local biodiversity showed greater inertia and stronger relationships between the component changes when compared to site‐to‐site variation. Overall, local variation in assemblage diversity was rarely due to repeated passive samples from an approximately static species abundance distribution. Instead, changing species relative abundances often dominated local variation in diversity. Moreover, how changing relative abundances combined with changes to total abundance frequently determined the magnitude of richness changes. Embracing the interdependencies between changing abundance, evenness and richness can provide new information to better understand biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
Realizing Highly Reversible Zinc Anode via Controlled‐current Pre‐deposition
Authors: Chen Xinghang , Li Ming , Li Qi , Chen Yuzhu , Wu Buke , Lin Meng , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: July 2022

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have been considered as the prominent candidate in the next‐generation batteries for its low cost, safety and high theoretical capacity. Nonetheless, formation of zinc dendrites and side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface during the zinc plating/stripping process affect the cycling reversibility of the zinc anode. Regulation of the zinc plating/stripping process and realizing a highly reversible zinc anode is a great challenge. Herein, we applied a simple and effective approach of controlled‐current zinc pre‐deposition at copper mesh. At the current density of 40 mA cm−2, where the electron/ion transfers are both continuous and balanced, the Zn@CM‐40 electrode with the (002) crystal plane orientation and the compactly aligned platelet morphology was successfully obtained. Compared with the zinc foil, the Zn@CM‐40 exhibits greatly enhanced reversibility in the repeated plating/stripping (850 h at 1 mA cm−2) for the symmetric battery test. A series of characterization techniques including electrochemical analyses, XRD, SEM and optical microscopy observation, were used to demonstrate the correlation between the structure of pre‐deposited zinc layer and the cycling stability. The COSMOL Multiphysics modeling demonstrates a more uniform electric field distribution in the Zn@CM than the zinc foil due to the aligned platelet morphology. Furthermore, the significant improvement is also achieved in a Zn||MnO2 full battery with a high capacity‐retention (87% vs 47.8%). This study demonstrates that controlled‐current electrodeposition represents an important strategy to regulate the crystal plane orientation and the morphology of the pre‐deposited zinc layer, hence leading to the highly reversible and dendrite‐free zinc anode for high‐performance zinc ion batteries.
Bridging Social Innovation with Forest and Landscape Restoration
Authors: Padovezi Aurélio , Secco Laura , Adams Cristina , Chazdon Robin L.
Published: July 2022

Mitigating climate change, preventing mass species extinctions, improving rural livelihoods, and disaster risk reduction are among today's most urgent challenges. To meet these challenges, a large number of social actors need to agree to engage and act collectively on Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR), ensuring its dual goal of restoring ecological functionality and improving people's wellbeing. Although FLR has gained momentum globally, the experiences so far continue to face socio‐economic and governance challenges associated with the design and realization of effective efforts. Social Innovation (SI) can be seen contemporarily as the process and the result of interaction between stakeholders in the construction of solutions to social needs and problems, including those tackled by FLR. Here, using a content analysis approach applied to existing literature, we propose five possible conceptual bridges between FLR and SI. The Social Innovative – Forest and Landscape Restoration (SI‐FLR) process advocates that sustainable livelihood needs should be attended first to ensure the Social‐Ecological Systems' resilience. These bridges are: (1) “Landscape as the main context”; (2) “Nature as social need”; (3) “Landscape stewardship groups”; (4) “Governance capabilities”; (5) “Adapting and transforming to enhance resilience.” Identifying these bridges, will help decision‐makers and project managers to improve the FLR initiatives by supporting the potential of SI and sparking the interest of other researchers to explore the many possibilities of SI‐FLR.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Halocyclized Products by Using Various Catalysts: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: De Soumik , Kumar Dan Aritra , Sahu Raghaba , Das Debadutta
Published: July 2022

Halogens play a crucial part in synthetic organic chemistry. Halo‐cyclized products hold numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industries, agrochemicals, natural product synthesis, and material chemistry. Thus, this review will discuss the role of various catalysts, such as from metal‐catalysts to organocatalysts, under different conditions to synthesize various halocyclized products. The synthesis and catalytic mechanisms underlying the different asymmetric transformations will also be covered by emphasizing the enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and regioselectivities from the existing pieces of literature.
Millivolt‐Level Stable Voltage Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Under Random Excitation by Double Limiting
Authors: Yu Xin , Wang Qianwang , Ke Mengfei , Ning Chuanpeng , Zhang Yuejun , Han Shunjie , Cheng Tinghai
Published: July 2022

Against the backdrop of a world energy crisis, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered to be a practical solution that could harvest and use different types of mechanical energy. This study fabricates a variable rotor TENG combined with double limiting Zener aspectant diodes (ZAD) for the harvesting of impact energy and stable voltage output. And double limits are used at both ends of the load. The system has two independent rotor generating units. In a small impact, one generating unit is easy to start up; in a strong impact, two generating units operate to output more energy. This article presents a power management circuit design, which mainly comprises a rectifying part and voltage stabilizing part. In the operation of one generating unit, the voltage is stabilized at 3.35 V when using a single Zener diode, and at 3.95 V when using the ZAD circuit. In the simultaneous operation of two generating units, the voltage is stabilized at 4.45 V, ripple coefficient of 1.8%, and ripple voltage is 80 mV at millivolt‐level when using the ZAD circuit. This article presents the prospects of stabilizing the output voltage of the TENG under random excitation in the harvesting of impact energy.
Low‐Temperature and Highly Active Nickel Catalyst Based on Hydrotalcite Mg–Al for CO2 Methanation
Authors: Marín James , Pérez William , Rios Luis
Published: July 2022

Ni/hydrotalcite catalysts are synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Synthesis times are decreased and activation is performed with just a reductive calcination under mild conditions without the usual air‐calcination step. Compared with the other reported catalysts made of Ni/hydrotalcite, in terms of space–time yield (STY), the best synthesized catalyst is the most efficient one (STY = 137.19 mol CH4 h−1 L−1 at 300 °C) and this high efficiency is kept at low temperature (STY = 132.67 mol CH4 h−1 L−1 at 250 °C). Results show that the amount of reduced Ni, created upon the mild reduction, increases with the Ni loading and the Ni0 amount correlates with the catalytic activity. CO2 adsorption capacity remarkably increases with the Ni content but this trend does not correlate with the conversion. Surface areas, neither pore sizes, do not show a correlation with catalytic results. The most important result is the very high activity observed at temperatures below 300 °C. Characterization results indicate that the outstanding low‐temperature performance must be due to the presence of high amounts of small and reduced Ni crystallites with low interaction with the support. Developed catalysts are stable for 28 h at 300 °C.
Porous Carbon@Ferric Silicate Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Cui Tianbao , Tang Chunjuan , Li Jili , Wang Bo , Min Zhiyu , Liu Jia , Ning Jinli , Xiao Kun , Zong Zhengjun , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: July 2022

The intrinsic poor conductivity and large volume variation of ferric silicate severely hinder its practical application. Herein, a unique double‐shell‐structured amorphous porous carbon@ferric silicate hierarchical hollow sphere (PC@FS) is designed to improve its electrochemical performance. The amorphous feature of PC@FS is favorable for Li+/Na+ diffusion and avoids the structure collapse. FS nanosheets shorten the transport path of lithium/sodium ions. The hollow carbon spheres not only boost the conductivity but also accommodate volume variation. Besides, the heterointerface of PC@FS exhibits interfacial lithium/sodium storage. The synergistic effects bestow PC@FS enhanced lithium and sodium storage with high reversible capacity, excellent rate performance, and remarkable cycling stability. It manifests a capacity as high as 625.7 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles for lithium‐ion batteries and 315.7 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 after 50 cycles for sodium‐ion batteries.
Targeted decrease of portal hepatic pressure gradient improves ascites control after TIPS
Authors: Queck Alexander , Schwierz Louise , Gu Wenyi , Ferstl Philip G. , Jansen Christian , Uschner Frank E. , Praktiknjo Michael , Chang Johannes , Brol Maximilian J. , Schepis Filippo , Merli Manuela , Strassburg Christian P. , Lehmann Jennifer , Meyer Carsten , Trebicka Jonel
Published: July 2022

Background:

Ascites is a definitive sign of decompensated liver cirrhosis driven by portal hypertension. Although transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion (TIPS) is indicated for therapy of recurrent and refractory ascites, there is no evidence‐based recommendation for a specific target of portal hepatic pressure gradient (PPG) decrease.

Methods:

In this single‐center, retrospective trial, we investigated the decrease of PPG in 341 patients undergoing TIPS insertion for therapy of refractory or recurrent ascites until 2015. During each procedure, portal and inferior vena cava pressures were invasively measured and correlated with patients' outcome and ascites progression over time, according to the prespecified Noninvasive Evaluation Program for TIPS and Follow‐Up Network protocol (NCT03628807).

Results:

Patients without ascites at 6 weeks after TIPS had significantly greater PPG reduction immediately after TIPS, compared to the patients with refractory ascites (median reduction 65% vs. 55% of pre‐TIPS PPG; p = 0.001). Survival was significantly better if ascites was controlled, compared to patients with need for paracentesis 6 weeks after TIPS (median survival: 185 vs. 41 weeks; HR 2.0 [1.3–2.9]; p < 0.001). Therefore, higher PPG reduction by TIPS (p = 0.005) and lower PPG after TIPS (p = 0.02) correlated with resolution of severe ascites 6 weeks after TIPS. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that higher Child‐Pugh score before TIPS (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]; p = 0.03) and lower serum sodium levels (OR 0.9 [0.9–1.0]; p = 0.004) were independently associated with ascites persistence 6 weeks after TIPS, whereas PPG reduction (OR 0.98 [0.97–1.00]; p = 0.02) was associated with resolution of ascites 6 weeks after TIPS.

Conclusion:

Extent of PPG reduction and/or lowering of target PPG immediately after TIPS placement is associated with improved ascites control in the short term and with survival in the long term. A structured follow‐up visit for patients should assess persistence of ascites at 6 weeks after TIPS.
The multiple roles of network ties in the employee job search process
Authors: Porter Caitlin M. , Hancock Julie , Allen David G. , Snyder Galen P.
Published: July 2022

Employee “water cooler conversations” with coworkers, as well as interpersonal interactions outside of one's employing organization, are key sources of information about the labor market. Although the value of network ties for job search is well recognized, research to date has tended to focus on how network ties relate to job search outcomes, providing little insight into what types of network ties offer information that shape job seeker perceptions and behaviors throughout the job search process. Drawing from Steel's (2002) evolutionary search model and social network research, we assert that different types of network ties—those that are weak versus strong and those internal versus external to the organization—offer different types of labor market information, which impacts employees' labor market perceptions, propensity to search for employment, and job search effectiveness. Using a time‐separated research design in a sample of healthcare workers, we find weak external ties are associated with more optimistic perceptions of the labor market, increased marketability, and early‐stage job search, and strong external ties are associated with greater marketability and propensity to engage in an early‐stage job search. Strong internal ties (SITs) have dual, opposing influences on employee job search: SITs are associated with less early‐stage job search, but they are also associated with increased concrete prospects when employees are more actively seeking alternative employment. Taken together, this study provides more nuanced insights into how network ties influence employee job search processes, clarifying ambiguities in this literature.
Infants in Dutch daycare: Exploring fine‐grained dimensions of temperament
Authors: Fukkink Ruben G.
Published: July 2022

Infants attend daycare at an early age, which raises questions about children's sensitivity to the childcare environment and the role of different temperamental traits in their development in the early years. In a two‐year longitudinal study with parent‐ and caregiver‐reported data for Dutch children at the age of 1 and 2 years (120 children from 92 groups), we explored fine‐grained dimensions of negative affect and their relationship with socio‐emotional functioning. Especially shyness, frustration and soothability proved robust predictors of socio‐emotional development across parent‐ and caregiver‐reported data with both concurrent (Year‐1) and predictive associations (Year‐2). Also, the quality of caregiver–child interactions moderated caregiver‐reported child wellbeing and competence. Infants that are open to social contacts, are easy to comfort and have low levels of frustration, and have higher levels of wellbeing and less problem behaviour in early daycare than peers with higher levels of shyness and frustration and relatively low levels of soothability.
Head position and vacuum‐assisted delivery using the Kiwi Omnicup
Authors: Schreiber Hanoch , Cohen Gal , Shechter Maor Gil , Haikin Herzberger Einat , Biron‐Shental Tal , Markovitch Ofer
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the association between fetal head position during prevacuum assessment and adverse outcomes.

Method

This retrospective cohort study included all vacuum‐assisted deliveries using the Kiwi Omnicup over 5 years. Primary outcomes were third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear, pH < 7.1, and subgaleal hematoma (SGH). AGAR, neonatal intensive care unit admission, cephalohematoma, Erb's palsy, third‐stage duration, and postpartum hemorrhage were secondary. Outcomes were compared between the occiput posterior (OP) and occiput anterior (OA) positions.

Results

The study included 1960 patients. OP position was more likely to involve epidural analgesia (311 [82.5%] vs. 1216 [77%], P = 0.020), higher fetal head station (P = 0.001), higher percentage of cup detachments (121 cases [32.1%] vs. 307 [19.4%], P = 0.001), and longer procedure (5.5 ± 3.7 min vs. 4.7 ± 2.8 min, P = 0.001). OP was associated with umbilical cord pH < 7.1 (21 [5.5%] vs. 52 [3.9%], P = 0.032), NICU admissions (16 [4.2%] vs. 38 [2.4%], P = 0.049), SGH (18 [4.8%] vs. 38 [2.4%], P = 0.013), and high‐degree perineal tears (12 [3.2%] vs. 26 [1.7%], with borderline significance, P = 0.051). SGH and high‐grade tears remained significantly associated with OP position (P = 0.008 and P = 0.016, respectively) after adjusting for maternal age, nulliparity, diabetes, epidural anesthesia, preprocedure head station, and birth weight.

Conclusion

OP position is an independent risk‐factor for anal sphincter injury and SGH during vacuum‐assisted delivery.
Learning the Language of Oncology With Appa
Authors: Nam Rosa
Published: July 2022

Like many children of immigrants, I have provided English language support to my Korean parents for as long as I remember. Up until this summer, I had no trouble translating or providing English support for my dad. But when my dad was diagnosed with metastatic brain cancer in May 2021, it felt like learning a new language, the language of oncology. In this common discourse reflection, I discuss how dad and I navigated the treatments to try and save his life.
A hyperspectral dataset of precancerous lesions in gastric cancer and benchmarks for pathological diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Benyan , Li Qingli
Published: July 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. A lot of studies have found that early GC has good prognosis. Unfortunately, the diagnosis rate of early GC is suboptimal due to inadequate disease screening and the insidious nature of early lesions. Pathological diagnosis is usually regarded as the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of GC. However, traditional pathological diagnosis is tedious and time‐consuming. With the development of deep learning, computer‐aided diagnosis is widely used to assist pathologists for diagnosis. As conventional pathology, diagnosis is based on color images, it is not as informative as hyperspectral imaging, which introduces spectroscopy into imaging techniques. This article combines microscopic hyperspectral image (HSI) with deep learning networks to assist in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions in gastric cancer (PLGC). A large scale microscopic hyperspectral PLGC dataset with 924 effective scenes is built and self‐supervised learning is adopted to provide pretrained models for HSI. These pretrained models effectively improve the performance of downstream classification tasks. Furthermore, a symmetrically deep connected network is proposed to train with images from different imaging modalities and improve the diagnostic accuracy to 96.59%.
miR‐8485 alleviates the injury of cardiomyocytes through TP53INP1
Authors: Luo Xiuying , Xu Yanlin , Zhong Ze , Xiang Peng , Wu Xindong , Chong Aiguo
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) feature prominently in regulating the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). This study was performed to investigate the role of miR‐8485 in the injury of cardiomyocytes and CHF. It was found that miR‐8485 level was markedly reduced in the plasma of CHF patients, compared with the healthy controls. H2O2 treatment increased tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐1β levels, inhibited the viability of human adult ventricular cardiomyocyte cell line AC16, and increased the apoptosis, while miR‐8485 overexpression reversed these effects. Tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) was identified as a downstream target of miR‐8485, and TP53INP1 overexpression weakened the effects of miR‐8485 on cell viability, apoptosis, as well as inflammatory responses. Our data suggest that miR‐8485 attenuates the injury of cardiomyocytes by targeting TP53INP1, suggesting it is a protective factor against CHF.
Establishment of a time‐resolved immunoassay for acute kidney injury based on the detection of Kim‐1
Authors: Shaoxiong Zheng , Zhou Xiumei , Qin Yuan , Xiaomei Yu , Lingli Chen , Xiaobin Liu , Wang Yigang , Jianguang Gong , Shuijuan Shen , Huang Biao
Published: July 2022

Aim

To establish a highly sensitive time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) of kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) and evaluate its clinical value in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

The Kim‐1‐TRFIA was established by the double‐antibody sandwich method, and the method was evaluated. The established Kim‐1‐TRFIA was used to detect the concentration of Kim‐1 in the serum of healthy controls and patients with AKI.

Results

The optimal coating antibody concentration and optimal Eu3+‐labeled antibody dilution ratio for Kim‐1‐TRFIA are 1 μg/ml and 1:140, respectively. The linear range is 42.71–4666.69 pg/ml. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation are <10%. The specificity of our Kim‐1‐TRFIA is acceptable. The recovery is between 95.14% and 102.84%. The concentration of Kim‐1 in the serum of patients with AKI is 126.50 ± 67.99 pg/ml, which is significantly higher than that in the serum of healthy controls (49.72 ± 16.40 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Staging patients with AKI by glomerular filtration rate shows that the serum concentration of Kim‐1 increases significantly with increasing disease severity (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A highly sensitive Kim‐1‐TRFIA was established. With this immunoassay, a good differential diagnosis can be made, and healthy people and AKI patients can be differentiated by detecting the concentration of Kim‐1 in the serum. Moreover, the severity of AKI patients can be determined.