bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Low-Level Wind on the Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Coastal Precipitation
Authors: Aoki Shunsuke , Shige Shoichi
Published: October 2023

To understand how coastal precipitation is controlled by the low-level background wind, we performed comprehensive analysis using the 17-yr observations of the TRMM PR over the entire region of the tropics. We classified the data according to the direction (onshore or offshore) and strength of the cross-shore wind. Under weak winds, the contribution of the diurnal cycle to total precipitation is large, indicating that thermally forced precipitation with a symmetrical propagation pattern with opposite sign across the coastline is dominant. As the background wind strengthens, the contribution of the diurnal cycle reduces owing to the predominance of mechanical forcing; however, the effect of the diurnal cycle remains nonnegligible with an asymmetrical propagation pattern across the coastline. Using the linear theory of the sea–land-breeze circulation, we demonstrated that the difference in propagation is attributable to gravity waves excited by the land–ocean surface heating difference. Under weak winds, symmetrical diurnal phase propagation is caused by the two symmetrical modes of landward and seaward gravity waves. Under stronger background winds, in addition to the Doppler-shifted landward and seaward modes, waves propagating toward the upwind side in the flow-relative frame but with slow group velocity are advected to the downwind near the coastline, forming another mode that moves slowly in the downwind direction. The superposition of the three modes leads to asymmetrical propagation of precipitation with varying phase speed depending on the distance from the coastline.
Analysis of Hail Production via Simulated Hailstone Trajectories in the 29 May 2012 Kingfisher, Oklahoma, Supercell
Authors: Pounds Lauren E. , Ziegler Conrad L. , Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , Biggerstaff Michael I.
Published: October 2023

This study uses a new, unique dataset created by combining multi-Doppler radar wind and reflectivity analysis, diabatic Lagrangian analysis (DLA) retrievals of temperature and water substance, and a complex hail trajectory model to create millions of numerically simulated hail trajectories in the Kingfisher, Oklahoma, supercell on 29 May 2012. The DLA output variables are used to obtain a realistic, 4D depiction of the storm’s thermal and hydrometeor structure as required input to the detailed hail growth trajectory model. Hail embryos are initialized in the hail growth module every 3 min of the radar analysis period (2251–0000 UTC) to produce over 2.7 million hail trajectories. A spatial integration technique considering all trajectories is used to identify locations within the supercell where melted particles and subsevere and severe hailstones reside in their lowest and highest concentrations. It is found that hailstones are more likely to reside for longer periods closer to the downshear updraft within the midlevel mesocyclone in a region of decelerated midlevel mesocyclonic horizontal flow, termed the downshear deceleration zone (DDZ). Additionally, clusters of trajectories are analyzed using a trajectory clustering method. Trajectory clusters show there are many trajectory pathways that result in hailstones ≥ 4.5 cm, including trajectories that begin upshear of the updraft away from ideal growth conditions and trajectories that grow within the DDZ. There are also trajectory clusters with similar shapes that experience widely different environmental and hailstone characteristics along the trajectory.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to understand how hail grew in a thunderstorm that was observed by numerous instruments. The observations were input into a hail trajectory model to simulate hail growth. We found a part of the storm near the updraft where hailstones could remain aloft longer and therefore grow larger. Most modeled severe hailstones were found in the storm in this region. However, we also found that there are many different pathways hailstones can take to become large, although there are still some common characteristics among the pathways.
Assessing Second Debridement Timing and Mortality in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Kircher Henry L. , O’Dell Jacob C. , Chollet-Hinton Lynn , Raheel Amani , Blaser Wolf J. , McCoy Cameron C. , Winfield Robert D. , Guidry Christopher A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection undergo an average of 4-5 debridements per hospital admission. Optimal timing for initial debridement is emergent. Second debridement is universally recommended to occur within 24 hours of the first, but no studies have successfully evaluated this time frame. Prior work has suggested that delays in second debridement are associated with increased mortality, and that few patients receive second debridement within 24 hours.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study at a single center from 01/01/08 to 09/01/2021. The explanatory variable was whether the subject received second debridement within 24 hours of initial debridement. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Baseline characteristics were collected. Subjects were stratified into 2 groups by time between first and second debridement: <24 and ≥24 hours. Variables were compared using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results

77 patients met inclusion criteria. The median overall time to second debridement was 40 hours. 12 subjects received second debridement within 24 hours (15.6%). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between the <24 (n = 3, 25.0%) and ≥24-hour second debridement groups (n = 4, 6.2%; P = .07). The 2 groups did not differ by secondary outcomes, including total number of debridements, ICU LOS, or wound closure.

Conclusion

No difference in mortality was observed between subjects undergoing second debridement within 24 vs after 24 hours. Only 16% of subjects received second debridement within the recommended 24-hour time interval. Further study is required to identify the optimal timing of second debridement.
Why Work Matters: A Personal, Contextual, and Forward-Looking Exploration of Psychology of Working
Authors: Blustein David L.
Published: October 2023

This article explores the question of why work matters via a biographical, contextual, and forward-looking examination of the psychology of working. The development of the psychology of working as a perspective, theory, and movement is described via a biographical exploration of the author’s life history in conjunction with critical analyses of the existing theory, and the promise of an inclusive theory encompassing everyone who works and wants and/or needs to work. The article identifies the differential nature of why work matters in relation to core tenets of the psychology of working, highlighting the prevailing role of macro-level barriers such as economic constraints and marginalization in determining access to decent and dignified work. As a means of advancing considerations of why work matters, the article concludes with ideas about the next steps in psychology of working theory (PWT) and recommendations about the current and future state of vocational psychology within counseling psychology.
Association of Gabapentinoids With Opioid-Related Overdose in the Inpatient Setting: A Single Center Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Humpert Shelby R. , Reveles Kelly R. , Bhakta Kajal , Torrez Sorina B. , Evoy Kirk E.
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Recent data suggest concomitant gabapentinoid use increases opioid-related overdose (ORO) risk; however, this association has not been well studied in the hospital setting. The primary objective of this study was to compare ORO risk, indicated by naloxone administration, in patients receiving opioids plus gabapentinoids versus opioids alone. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study of adults admitted to a large community hospital from 1/1/20 to 12/31/21, all cases (defined as patients who received naloxone more than 24 hours after admission) identified were matched 1:1 to randomly selected controls (defined as patients on opioids who did not receive naloxone). The primary outcome was the percentage of cases and controls with concomitant inpatient gabapentinoid use. Logistic regression was performed to determine the independent association between gabapentinoids and ORO (as evidenced by inpatient naloxone administration). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the 144 cases and 144 controls. Gabapentinoid exposure was greater for cases than controls (34.0%vs 20.8%, P = .0118). Median hospital length of stay (11vs 4 days, P < .0001) and mortality (19%vs 5%; P = .0018) were also higher for cases. In logistic regression analysis, ORO (adjusted OR 4.91; 95% CI 1.86-12.96) and serotonergic medication exposure (adjusted OR 4.31; 95% CI 1.50-12.38) were significantly associated with gabapentinoid use. Conclusions: Concomitant gabapentinoid use with opioids was associated with increased ORO risk in the inpatient setting. When considering prescribing gabapentinoids in conjunction with opioids in the hospital setting, potential benefits should be weighed against increased overdose risk.
A post-individualistic turn? Intergenerational change in self-orientation in Poland and Germany
Authors: Sadowski Ireneusz
Published: October 2023

One of the key sociological aspects of the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe after communism was a shift from collectivistic to individualistic orientations. This article observes trends in individualism, operationalized as self-orientation, in Poland and Germany, with the latter further dissected into western and eastern part of the country. While western Germany was originally contrasted with former communist countries in this respect, a growing and stable convergence was later generally assumed. This is verified in the form of a lagged comparison between two birth cohorts, one that reached adulthood in the late 1980s and another born at that time. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel along with two complementary Polish surveys are used in the analysis. The results show no presumed linear convergence in individualism and instead a consistent “post-individualistic” turn led by western Germany. This trend is less pronounced in women as there seem to be counterbalancing processes at play.
Accessibility of Entitlements among Women Agricultural Workers: A Case Study from Goalpara District of Assam, India
Authors: Barman Narayan , Paul Pintu , Satpati Lakshminarayan
Published: October 2023

Despite several existing legal provisions to provide equal rights for women and men, Indian women agricultural workers remain restricted from getting their agricultural entitlements due to various socio-cultural reasons including discriminatory gendered norms. The study attempts to understand the accessibility of entitlements among women agricultural workers in the Goalpara district of Assam – the region where women’s dependency on agriculture is overwhelming. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach, using data collected from the field survey. The study reveals that rural agricultural women workers face substantial hindrances in accessing basic agricultural entitlements like land, credit and modern technology, making them socially and economically vulnerable.
Extraction and characterization of novel natural cellulosic fiber from Echinops spinosissimus plant stem
Authors: Zernadji Sid Ali , Rokbi Mansour , Benhamida Mohamed , Kellai Ahmed
Published: October 2023

Bio-based composites are outstanding materials to replace many synthetic fiber-based composites due to their biodegradability and sustainable environmental properties. This research aims to characterize and analysis a new cellulosic fibers extracted from Echinops spinosissimus plant stem, to study their integration in the field of various industries such as composites and textiles. Thus, adding and incorporating a new natural fiber to the list of fibers that enter into the production of Bio-based composites materials, and meet the needs of the market that knows a shortage of these materials. In addition, the extracted fibers from Echinops spinosissimus plant, which is abundant and have acceptable properties that can replace the synthetic fibers. The stem anatomy results showed a strong presence of fiber cells, fiber SEM micrographs showed that fiber surface become rough, these fibers have a density of 0.97 ± 0.01 g/cm3, and diameter 280.76 µm. FTIR and XRD showed that these fibers are cellulosic. Thermal analysis revealed that Echinops spinosissimus fiber have a thermal stability of 208°C. Tensile strength, Young modulus and strain at failure were found as 217.54 ± 54.16 MPa, 19.23 ± 0.76 GPa and 3.78 ± 0.36%, respectively. SEM showed that the studied fiber becomes more roughness in the outer surface following the chemical treatments, thus contributing to better adhesion with resin. This work confirmed that Echinops spinosissimus fibers are suitable materials for use in textile and biocomposite applications.
Economic costs related to coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic literature review
Authors: Blázquez-Fernández Carla , Lanza-León Paloma , Sanchez-Ruiz Lidia , Cantarero-Prieto David
Published: October 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressure on healthcare systems has been tremendous and it is having a huge economic impact. The objective of this paper is to carry out a systematic literature review of the publications that have analysed the costs derived from COVID-19 from the patient's perspective. Not only is this study aimed at measuring the impact of COVID-19 in economic terms, but also in qualitative terms, analysing, for instance, the types of costs (direct and indirect) and their variations depending on the geographical area under study. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. The time frame for the analysis was from the start of the pandemic until 9th December 2021. A total of 322 papers were found. The number of articles assessed for eligibility was 32, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 13 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the studies analysed only direct costs (69.23%) and were focused on Asia (61.54%), where the larger indirect costs, as well as the greater total costs, were found. However, the higher costs per patient and year were shown for the United States. This investigation showed the importance of COVID-19 in national, regional and local budgets. More studies are to be developed in Europe due to both the existing differences in the health care systems and financing by country and the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 by country and wave.
Improved active disturbance rejection speed control for autonomous driving of high-speed train based on feedforward compensation
Authors: Yue Lili , Wang Yidong , Xiao Baodi , Wang Yiqing , Lin Junting
Published: October 2023

Due to the complex and changeable train operation environment and the unstable and time-varying parameters, accurate modeling is limited. Therefore, a modified active disturbance rejection control algorithm based on feedforward compensation (FC-MADRC) is proposed targeting the speed control problem of trains under the circumstances of external disturbances, which reduces the dependence on the train model. Firstly, the state space equation is established based on the single-particle mathematical model of the train, and all the running resistances are regarded as disturbances. Secondly, the FC-MADRC algorithm is designed. Based on the terminal attractor function and the novel Sigmoid function, an improved tracking differentiator (ITD) is designed. An improved fal (nsfal) function with better smoothness is constructed by using the properties of the Dirac δ function, and an ameliorative nonlinear state error feedback (ANLSEF) and a modified extended state observer (IESO) are designed based on the nsfal function. Furthermore, based on the thought of PID, the integral term of error is introduced into ANLSEF for the nonlinear operation to reduce the steady-state error of train speed tracking. In order to promote the robustness and control accuracy of the system, the feedforward compensation term and disturbance compensation term are combined to perform dynamic compensation for disturbances in real time. Finally, the simulation is carried out with CRH380A train data. The results indicate that compared with conventional ADRC and 2DOF-PID, FC-MADRC has the more vital anti-disturbance ability and higher tracking accuracy. FC-MADRC has the advantages of solid anti-disturbance, fast response, and high tracking accuracy. Under the premise of external disturbance, it can still achieve accurate speed tracking under different road conditions.
Aspiring Inside a Girls Madrasa: Gender, Negotiation and Change
Authors: Borker Hem
Published: October 2023

This article draws on my ethnography of girls’ madrasas in India. It is woven around the ethnographic portrait of Zainab, 1 a rather reluctant madrasa student studying in a residential girls’ madrasa in Delhi who aspires to be a doctor. The article employs ethnographic portraiture to ‘focus in’ on Zainab’s educational journey and life in the madrasa, while also drawing attention to the larger canvas of intersecting forms of marginalisation, gender negotiations, and claim-making by Muslim women. It highlights how Muslim marginalisation intersects with gender disadvantage shaping everyday decisions about education, mobility and career choices. It argues that women’s negotiations and agency are nested in a larger context of marginalisation; while also co-constituting it. It examines Zainab’s life trajectory and aspirations to illustrate how education is a contradictory resource. At one level there is a synchrony between parents and madrasas on ideals of Islamic womanhood, but at another level, the piety project implemented by the madrasa does not represent the everyday experiences of madrasa students. The article argues that young women like Zainab, in attempting to balance madrasa prescriptions and their own aspirations, refashion gender norms through its inhabitation.
The Feminist De-brahmanising Pedagogy of Writing
Authors: Dasgupta Anannya
Published: October 2023

Pedagogic practices are central to how feminists from the West and the subcontinent have envisaged the liberatory transformation of society. Feminist methods of teaching-learning emphasise making educational material accessible, the creation of communities of learners historically excluded from education, the re- education for educators and making learners independent and equipped to continue the process of learning. In the Indian context, feminist pedagogy is key to challenging and replacing the default patriarchal and Brahminic setting of academia that perpetuates exclusion even when it grants admission. Writing pedagogy, following feminist methods, is building step-by-step access to teaching-learning that makes academic reading and writing doable. In that, it is de-brahmanising academic writing from appearing to be mystically transmitted only to those born into the socio-cultural capital to receive it. Drawing from reports by observers and participants, this article demonstrates how a conscious pedagogy of writing reworks access to academic reading, writing and thinking to directly address issues of intersectional marginalisations of gender.
Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Condition of Expertise
Authors: Heidelberg Roy L.
Published: October 2023

The following essay offers a political theory of the expert. I draw connections between the authority derived from expertise to the emerging role of artificial intelligence in a political condition marked by an impersonal sovereign. I begin with a detailed description of the role of the expert and expertise with specific attention to the function of knowledge as a source of authority. Through the work of Max Weber and Carl Schmitt, I connect the political role of the expert to the rise and prominence of the administrative or total state. The essay focuses on the connection between the expert as an authority in the modern state and the emergence of a political logic that invites artificial intelligence into the realm of authority.
Lean Start-Up in Settings of Impoverishment: The Implications of the Context for Theory
Authors: Bruton Garry D. , Pryor Christopher , Cerecedo Lopez Jose A.
Published: October 2023

We examine the application of “lean start-up” in impoverished non-Western contexts. Specifically, we focus on settings of impoverishment in which individuals earn less than $3.65 per day. We focus on how two attributes of these contexts—institutional differences relative to mature economies and resource constraints—affect entrepreneurs’ implementation of lean start-up principles. By focusing our conversation on five components of lean start-up (search for opportunities, business modeling, validated learning, minimum viable products, and the decision to persevere/pivot), we describe how the conditions faced by impoverished entrepreneurs outside the West in impoverished settings present hurdles to some practices of lean start-up while encouraging other practices. We also offer ways entrepreneurs can adapt lean start-up to fit the conditions they face. In addition to advancing our understanding of lean start-up, this article also joins recent work that has critiqued the Western orientation of many management theories and practices and especially their application to people outside the West, where assumptions may not carry over due to institutional differences and resource constraints.
Circumferential esophageal leiomyoma: Management by combined robotic surgery and intraoperative endoscopy
Authors: Amore Dario , Casazza Dino , Caterino Umberto , Massa Simona , Muto Emanuele , Curcio Carlo
Published: October 2023

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus. Open thoracotomy, the traditional approach adopted for the enucleation of the esophageal leiomyoma, over the years, has been gradually replaced by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. However, this minimally invasive approach has limitations, such as two-dimensional vision and reduced range of motion, which have recently been overcome by technical advantages of robot-assisted surgery. In the surgical management of circumferential esophageal leiomyoma, a combined use of robotic surgery and intraoperative endoscopy may be helpful to facilitate tumor enucleation and to prevent esophageal mucosal injury during the surgical procedure.
Attitudes on Equal Health Care Access versus Efficient Clinical Decisions across a Not-for-Profit Health Care System
Authors: Singh Ganeev , Corlin Laura , Beninger Paul R. , Neumann Peter J. , Boumil Marcia M. , Mehta Shreya , Salem Deeb N.
Published: October 2023

Background

Professional roles within a hospital system may influence attitudes behind clinical decisions.

Objective

To determine participants’ preferences about clinical decisions that either value equal health care access or efficiency.

Design

Deidentified survey asking participants to choose between offering a low-cost screening test to a whole population (“equal access”) or a more sensitive, expensive test that could be given to only half of the population but resulting in 10% more avoided deaths (“efficient”). Data collection took place from August 18, 2021, to January 24, 2022. Study 1644 was determined to be exempt by Tufts Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB).

Setting

Tufts Medicine Healthcare System.

Participants

Approximately 15,000 hospital employees received an e-mail from the Tufts Medicine Senior Vice President of Academic Integration.

Measurements

Analysis of survey responses with chi-square and 1-sample t tests to determine the proportion who chose each option. Logistic regression models fit to examine relationships between professional role and test choice.

Results

A total of 1,346 participants completed the survey (∼9.0% response rate). Overall, approximately equal percentages of respondents chose the “equal access” (48%) and “efficient” option (52%). However, gender, professional role (categorical), and clinical role (dichotomous) were significantly associated with test choice. For example, among those in nonclinical roles, women were more likely than men to choose equal health care access. In multivariable analyses, having clinical roles was significantly associated with 1.73 times the likelihood of choosing equal access (95% confidence interval = 1.33–2.25).

Limitations

Generalizability concerns and survey question wording limit the study results.

Conclusion

Clinicians were more likely than nonclinicians to choose the equal health care access option, and health care administrators were more likely to choose efficiency. These differing attitudes can affect patient care and health care quality.

Highlights

Divergent preferences of valuing equal health care access and efficiency may be in conflict during clinical decision making. In this cross-sectional study that included 1,346 participants, approximately equal percentages of respondents chose the “equal access” (48%) and “efficient” option (52%), a nonsignificant difference. However, gender, professional role (categorical), and clinical role (dichotomous) were significantly associated with test choice Since clinicians were more likely than nonclinicians to choose the equal health care access option and health care administrators were more likely to choose efficiency, these differing attitudes can affect patient care and health care quality.
Towards a More Individualised Practice of Motor Imagery: The Additional Value of the Personality Dimension Extraversion
Authors: Schmidt Laura , Schlatter Sophie , Debarnot Ursula , Simonsmeier Bianca A. , Guillot Aymeric
Published: October 2023

Motor imagery (MI) training is used to improve motor performance in both patients and athletes. The putative link between personality and MI remains however largely underexplored. In this pilot study, 72 sports students performed MI and physical execution of a finger pointing task. MI ability was assessed through the mental chronometry paradigm that captured the temporal components of imagery, as well as self-report measures of imagery vividness and imagery ease. Personality dimensions were assessed with the five-factor model. Extraversion was found to be significantly correlated with MI ability as measured with mental chronometry ( r = .37, p = .001) but not with imagery vividness ( r = −.08, p = .481) or imagery ease ( r = −.04, p = .741). The other personality dimensions were unrelated to MI ability (all p > .05). Based on these findings, we postulate that extravert individuals may have an advantage in controlling and maintaining the temporal aspect of mental movements. This may help extraverts to better benefit from imagery training.
MAgro dataset: A dataset for simultaneous localization and mapping in agricultural environments
Authors: Marzoa Tanco Mercedes , Trinidad Barnech Guillermo , Andrade Federico , Baliosian Javier , LLofriu Martin , Di Martino JM , Tejera Gonzalo
Published: October 2023

The agricultural industry is being transformed, thanks to recent innovations in computer vision and deep learning. However, the lack of specific datasets collected in natural agricultural environments is, arguably, the main bottleneck for novel discoveries and benchmarking. The present work provides a novel dataset, Magro, and a framework to expand data collection. We present the first version of the Magro Dataset V1.0, consisting of nine ROS bags (and the corresponding raw data) containing data collected in apple and pear crops. Data were gathered, repeating a fixed trajectory on different days under different illumination and weather conditions. To support the evaluation of loop closure algorithms, the trajectories are designed to have loop closures, revisiting some places from different viewpoints. We use a Clearpath’s Jackal robot equipped with stereo cameras pointing to the front and left side, a 3D LIDAR, three inertial measurement units (IMU), and wheel encoders. Additionally, we provide calibrated RTK GPS data that can be used as ground truth. Our dataset is openly available, and it will be updated to have more data and variability. Finally, we tested two existing state-of-the-art algorithms for vision and point cloud-based localization and mapping on our novel dataset to validate the dataset’s usability.
The public sector and regional development: Why public sector employment remains a black box in economic geography, and how should we open it?
Authors: Hansen Høgni Kalsø , Eriksson Rikard H
Published: October 2023

Despite increasing calls on the state to manage major challenges, in the existing literature, the state – and public sector activities more generally – tends to be overlooked as an agent of regional change. The role of public sector jobs is often taken for granted, with diverse empirical findings being strongly influenced by geography and time period, if they are considered at all. We discuss two main threads of research on contemporary public sector employment that could enhance our understanding of the role of the public sector in regional development (i.e. human capital formation and diversification).
Expression of Dissidence: NOW-a Publishing House as a Social Movement Campaign under an Authoritarian Regime
Authors: Sowiński Paweł
Published: October 2023

This research article analyses Polish underground publishing during the late Cold War using the NOW-a publishing house as an example. The innovation of my approach lies in an attempt to bring closer Western and Eastern studies on various aspects of resistance. The subject of Polish resistance has already been studied, but more can be done with reference to the concept of everyday resistance. Protest sites are examined in this article in relation to the question of how urban and rural geography can play a role in bringing a movement together. The contribution revives Charles Tilly’s concepts to study Polish resistance and to see historical developments from a social movement perspective.
A Joint Model for Disability, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries—Differences by Chronic Disease and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Quiñones Ana R. , McAvay Gail , Vander Wyk Brent , Han Ling , Nagel Corey , Allore Heather G.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Quantifying interdependence in multiple patient-centered outcomes is important for understanding health declines among older adults.

Methods

Medicare-linked National Health and Aging Trends Study data (2011–2015) were used to estimate a joint longitudinal logistic regression model of disability in activities of daily living (ADL), fair/poor self-rated health (SRH), and mortality. We calculated personalized concurrent risk (PCR) and typical concurrent risk (TCR) using regression coefficients.

Results

For fair/poor SRH, highest odds were associated with COPD. For mortality, highest odds were associated with dementia, hip fracture, and kidney disease. Dementia and hip fracture were associated with highest odds of ADL disability. Hispanic respondents had highest odds of ADL disability. Hispanic and NH Black respondents had higher odds of fair/poor SRH, ADL disability, and mortality. PCRs/TCRs demonstrated wide variability for respondents with similar sociodemographic-multimorbidity profiles.

Discussion

These findings highlight the variability of personalized risk in examining interdependent outcomes among older adults.
Bayesian optimization of 3D bioprinted polycaprolactone/magnesium oxide nanocomposite scaffold using a machine learning technique
Authors: Etefagh Ardeshir Hemasian , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2023

3D bioprinting of polycaprolactone (PCL) is an additive manufacturing technique, fabricating 3D scaffolds with widespread applications in biomedical bone regeneration. PCL has favorable properties such as tunable mechanical, biological, cytocompatibility, and good printability. In addition, adding magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles effectively enhance bioactivities and bone formation. However, several researchers are reported that PCL-MgO nanocomposite may face challenges in printability. Therefore, this study has focused on optimizing printing parameters to achieve enhanced mechanical and osteoconductivity properties, printability, and print resolution. A newly developed and cost-effective method, Bayesian optimization (BO), has been applied to achieve this objective. The developed model investigates and accelerates the optimization of printing parameters, including air pressure, printing speed, and nozzle temperature on printability and print resolution. Despite the wide search spaces of printing parameters, the BO model drastically reduces the number of experiments to 11 iterations in each target width. There is a good agreement between the model-predicted and actual values (91% in width). Besides, this model can be used to find optimum process parameters in printing gradient width filament to fabricate 3D gradient scaffolds.
Quasi-static shock absorber friction at low velocity reciprocating sliding conditions
Authors: Deubel Clemens , Schubert Bastian , Prokop Günther
Published: October 2023

The characteristics of vehicle shock absorbers have a major significance regarding vehicle dynamics, thus affecting vehicle ride comfort, handling and safety. Although much research focuses particularly on the hydraulic damping properties of this vital suspension component, friction properties are not considered in great detail. However, for driving scenarios of low excitation and velocity of the shock absorber due to moderate roughness of the road, the friction force generated by the shock absorbers and the remaining components is particularly important regarding the transfer of vibration from the road to the passenger. Hence, this study investigates the sensitivity of shock absorber friction to various parameters in the quasi-static domain. The effects of side force, temperature, excitation amplitude and waveform are determined for multiple shock absorbers. The results show no significant influence of the amplitude and waveform used in the conducted tests. Contrarily, the friction force strongly depends on the side force, which represents the variable load perpendicular to the shock absorber’s main axis arising during various driving events for MacPherson suspensions. An increased temperature reduces the side force effect.
Post-conflict statecraft, land governance and exclusion in Hargeisa, Somaliland
Authors: Tahir Abdifatah Ismael
Published: October 2023

This paper explores urban land governance in Hargeisa as a critical site of Somaliland’s post-conflict statecraft. Two key issues make this study imperative. First, the current research on Somaliland focuses on the central authority( 1 ) with scant attention to the organization and functioning of the urban state and its effect for the urban poor, thus obscuring the importance of the conurbation as a site for statecraft. Second, Somaliland’s post-conflict statecraft is marked by inconsistencies, previously unexplored. While the creation of the subnational state is characterized as bottom-up, with its origins in community-led peacebuilding, its governance practices are characterized by exclusionary top-down procedures imported from colonial and postcolonial periods. Based on interviews with key informants, archival research and document analysis, I historicize these layers of the state-building processes. I argue that the top-down approach of post-conflict land governance, a critical site of statecraft, marginalizes the disadvantaged by creating bureaucracies that favour the affluent.
Rational Simplification and Rigidity in Human Planning
Authors: Ho Mark K. , Cohen Jonathan D. , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: October 2023

Planning underpins the impressive flexibility of goal-directed behavior. However, even when planning, people can display surprising rigidity in how they think about problems (e.g., “functional fixedness”) that lead them astray. How can our capacity for behavioral flexibility be reconciled with our susceptibility to conceptual inflexibility? We propose that these tendencies reflect avoidance of two cognitive costs: the cost of representing task details and the cost of switching between representations. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel paradigm that affords participants opportunities to choose different families of simplified representations to plan. In two preregistered, online studies ( Ns = 377 and 294 adults), we found that participants’ optimal behavior, suboptimal behavior, and reaction time were explained by a computational model that formalized people’s avoidance of representational complexity and switching. These results demonstrate how the selection of simplified, rigid representations leads to the otherwise puzzling combination of flexibility and inflexibility observed in problem solving.
Introduction: Marshall in Brussels? A new perspective on social citizenship and the European Union
Authors: Keune Maarten , Ferrera Maurizio , Corti Francesco
Published: October 2023

This introductory article to the Special Issue Marshall in Brussels? A new perspective on social citizenship and the European Union first argues that there is a need for a novel systematic framework that captures the increasingly complex web of relationships between the European level and the national and local levels in the creation and implementation of social rights. It then summarizes the contributions of the articles included in the Special Issue, starting with the first article that provides such a novel framework, a power resource-based and multi-layered conception of social rights which looks at social rights as bundles of three key power resources: normative, enforcement and instrumental resources. It then shows how the other articles apply this framework when analysing a variety of issues related to European social citizenship. Finally, it sums up the main contributions of the Special Issue: its contribution to the further development of power resource theory; to the theory of social citizenship; and to capturing how social rights in the EU increasingly result from the creative assemblage of different resources provided by different actors and levels of government, resulting in a ‘marble cake’ pattern akin to that existing in historical federations like the US or Switzerland.
Fake kindness, caring and symbolic violence
Authors: Contandriopoulos Damien , Stake-Doucet Natalie , Schilling Joanna
Published: October 2023

The article starts by offering a definition of fake kindness focused on the dissociation between the behavioural components of kindness and the intent to sincerely pay some heed to the needs of others. Using the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu, this definition is then used to articulate how fake kindness can be conceptualized as a specific form of symbolic violence. Such a view allows explanations as to how and why the prevalence and effectiveness of fake kindness vary according to microsociological norms and values. The generic definition and conceptualization of fake kindness as a form of symbolic violence are then used to discuss how nursing’s enthrallment with the concept of caring and its operationalization as a moral compass likely fosters the growth of fake kindness within the profession. In this view, the institutional enforcement of propriety and well-behaved professionalism is more likely to lead to toxic environments than to healthy workplaces. We hope that being able to understand how professional norms and institutional rules are sometimes turned into social tools to enforce obedience and existing hierarchies can empower victims of those phenomena to resist them more effectively. It might also contribute to increasing the awareness of well-meaning nurses or people in position of authority who have been socialized in environments where fake kindness is normalized.
Book review: Praveen Jha, Paris Yeros, Walter Chambati & Freedom Mazwi (Eds.), Farming and Working Under Contract: Peasants and Workers in Global Agricultural Value Systems
Authors: Yadu C. R.
Published: October 2023

Praveen Jha, Paris Yeros, Walter Chambati & Freedom Mazwi (Eds.), Farming and Working Under Contract: Peasants and Workers in Global Agricultural Value Systems. Tulika Books, 2022, 1–432 pp., ₹1350. (Paperback).
Book review: Maya John (Ed.), Debating Education in India: Issues and Concerns
Authors: Wadhwa Toolika
Published: October 2023

Maya John (Ed.), Debating Education in India: Issues and Concerns. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2023, 290 pp., ₹995, ISBN: 9788195639243 (Hardback).
Financial Inclusion and Its Impact on Fertility: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Suresh Govindapuram
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the empirical relationship between financial inclusion and fertility, primary developmental outcomes. Some studies show the impact of financial inclusion on different developmental outcomes, such as poverty, inequality, education, health, empowerment and economic growth and development. However, only a few studies have analysed the impact of financial inclusion on specific health indicators. Financial inclusion has a significant impact on fertility decline. This study uses data from 2004 to 2018 from a panel of 152 countries from the World Development Indicators and the IMF’s Financial Access Survey to test the link between financial inclusion and fertility. I used techniques, that is, the panel fixed-effect model, SLM test, semi-parametric approach and quantile regression analysis, to understand the relationship between financial inclusion and fertility. The results suggest a non-linear relationship. As financial inclusion increases, fertility initially declines, but after reaching a critical point, the relationship turns positive, showing a U-shaped relationship. Other important variables that statistically influence fertility levels are levels of education, female labour-force participation rates, levels of urbanisation and age dependency. Inflation rate and trade openness also significantly influence fertility. This paper provides some policy implications concerning fertility and financial inclusion.
Becoming a Rare Disease Parent: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Parent-Caregivers’ Postpartum Experiences
Authors: Davidson Hannah Rochelle , Gelles Shani , Keller Krystyna R. , Zajdel Melissa , Koehly Laura M.
Published: October 2023

Rare diseases constitute a group of conditions that are individually rare, but in aggregate impact between 3 and 6% of the world population. Many of these conditions present during infancy and involve substantial caregiving responsibilities, often assessed via quantitative measurements. However, few qualitative analyses examine lived experiences of parent-caregivers during the early period of their child’s life. The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning that rare disease parent-caregivers apply to the postpartum year using data collected from a semi-structured interview exploring significant experiences over the course of their affected child’s life. We utilized an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to analyze 22 interview transcripts from caregivers to children with several inherited metabolic and mitochondrial disorders, as well as an undiagnosed disease. Our analysis yielded three superordinate themes: Reckoning With the Parent-Caregiver Role, Familial Transition, and Adaptation and Adjustment. Subordinate themes expanded upon these concepts and included distinctions between the parent and caregiving identity, communal coping and shifting of family dynamics, as well as meaning applied to child milestones, anticipatory grief, and parental perception of a new normal. Exploration of these themes in relation to existing literature, as well as future research directions for qualitative research on rare disease caregivers, is discussed. Overall, this work contributes to a growing body of literature exploring the parental experience of rare disease across several condition contexts.
Zuranolone: The First FDA-Approved Oral Treatment Option for Postpartum Depression
Authors: Barnes Kylie N. , Vogl Claire M. , Nelson Leigh Anne
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to review the characteristics, efficacy, and safety of zuranolone in the management of postpartum depression (PPD).

Data sources:

Literature was identified using PubMed (1966-August 2023) and EMBASE (1973-August 2023) and clinicaltrials.gov. Search terms included zuranolone, SAGE-217, and PPD with further limitation of those published in English.

Study selection and data extraction:

Articles selected for inclusion included trials evaluating zuranolone for the treatment of PPD.

Data synthesis:

Zuranolone was evaluated for the treatment of moderate to severe PPD in 2 phase III trials. Both studies resulted in statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms at day 15 ( P = 0.003 and P < 0.001). Sustained differences in remission rates favoring zuranolone were found in both studies at day 45 compared with placebo ( P = 0.01 and P < 0.05). Zuranolone was well tolerated, with somnolence, dizziness, headache, and sedation reported as the most common side effects.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison to existing drugs:

Zuranolone is only the second medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for PPD and offers an advantage over brexanolone in that it can administered orally in the outpatient setting. The rapid onset of effect of zuranolone is advantageous to traditional antidepressant therapy which can be weeks to months; however, limited information is available on safety during lactation.

Conclusions:

The recent FDA approval of oral zuranolone for PPD offers a second rapid-acting treatment for PPD, extending the opportunity for treatment to patients in the outpatient setting.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Refugee Men: Prevalence and Correlates With Associated Factors
Authors: Damra Jalal. Kayed , Akour Mutasem Mohammad , Qatawneh Mohammad Al
Published: October 2023

This study examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and associated factors among male refugees within a refugee community. A sample of 441 Syrian refugee men from Al- Za'atari refugee camp and other cities was conveniently recruited, and data was collected in 2022 using the revised conflict tactics scale. The findings revealed that psychological IPV was the most prevalent form of abuse, while negotiation, injury, and physical IPV were rare. The age and education level of the men were related to the prevalence of negotiation, psychological victimization, and physical victimization committed by women. Certain demographic variables were found to predict the prevalence of psychological and physical victimization, injury, and the absence of negotiation. The study highlights the importance of recognizing that male refugees can be victims of IPV and emphasizes the need for supportive resources and assistance. Improving living conditions in refugee camps and providing employment opportunities are strongly recommended to address this issue.