bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Vaccination Classification of Opinion Mining with Semantic Knowledge-based Decision Making
Authors: Polkampally Nikhila , Kumar D. Rakesh , Sekhar G. Soma , Sri Reddy Mettu Karuna
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 ontology is to classify the data using a supervised learning approach in machine learning, which has been preprocessed. Afterthe classification is done, with thehelp of opinion mining with decisionmaking, the classified data is stored in the database using semantic webontology using the protégé tool. The data will be retrieved through SPARQL which helps to retrieve complex queries, followed by the output based on the given query. This Covid-19 ontology helps in analyzing the risk factors and treatment plans for the respective individuals i.e., students based on their given details which include diagnosis, symptoms, and vaccination history. The information given by the students can be automatically processed and with the help of SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language), the risk factor and treatment plans for the students are inferred from the given knowledge.
Air quality impacts of COVID-19 lockdown measures detected from space using high spatial resolution observations of multiple trace gases from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI
Authors: Levelt Pieternel F. , Stein Zweers Deborah C. , Aben Ilse , Bauwens Maite , Borsdorff Tobias , De Smedt Isabelle , Eskes Henk J. , Lerot Christophe , Loyola Diego G. , Romahn Fabian , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Theys Nicolas , Van Roozendael Michel , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Verhoelst Tijl
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to highlight how TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) trace
gas data can best be used and interpreted to understand event-based impacts
on air quality from regional to city scales around the globe. For this
study, we present the observed changes in the atmospheric column amounts of
five trace gases (NO2, SO2, CO, HCHO, and CHOCHO) detected by the
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI instrument and driven by reductions in anthropogenic
emissions due to COVID-19 lockdown measures in 2020. We report clear
COVID-19-related decreases in TROPOMI NO2 column amounts on all
continents. For megacities, reductions in column amounts of tropospheric
NO2 range between 14 % and 63 %. For China and India, supported by
NO2 observations, where the primary source of anthropogenic SO2 is
coal-fired power generation, we were able to detect sector-specific emission
changes using the SO2 data. For HCHO and CHOCHO, we consistently
observe anthropogenic changes in 2-week-averaged column amounts over China
and India during the early phases of the lockdown periods. That these
variations over such a short timescale are detectable from space is due to
the high resolution and improved sensitivity of the TROPOMI instrument. For
CO, we observe a small reduction over China, which is in concert with the
other trace gas reductions observed during lockdown; however, large
interannual differences prevent firm conclusions from being drawn. The joint
analysis of COVID-19-lockdown-driven reductions in satellite-observed trace
gas column amounts using the latest operational and scientific retrieval
techniques for five species concomitantly is unprecedented. However, the
meteorologically and seasonally driven variability of the five trace gases
does not allow for drawing fully quantitative conclusions on the reduction
in anthropogenic emissions based on TROPOMI observations alone. We
anticipate that in future the combined use of inverse modeling techniques
with the high spatial resolution data from S5P/TROPOMI for all observed
trace gases presented here will yield a significantly improved
sector-specific, space-based analysis of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown
measures as compared to other existing satellite observations. Such analyses
will further enhance the scientific impact and societal relevance of the
TROPOMI mission.
GNSS Radio Occultation Soundings from Commercial Off-the-Shelf Receivers Onboard Balloon Platforms
Authors: Nelson Kevin J. , Xie Feiqin , Chan Bryan C. , Goel Ashish , Kosh Jonathan , Reid Tyler G. R. , Snyder Corey R. , Tarantino Paul M.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) technique has proven to be an effective tool for Earth atmosphere profiling. Traditional spaceborne RO satellite constellations are expensive with relatively low sampling rates for individual satellites. Airborne RO platforms can provide much higher spatial and temporal sampling of ROs around regional weather events. This paper explores the capability of a low-cost and scalable Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) GNSS receiver onboard high-altitude balloons. The refractivity retrievals from balloon-borne RO payloads obtained from two flight campaigns (World View and ZPM-1) are presented. The balloon-borne RO soundings from the World View campaign show high-quality refractivity profiles in the troposphere with near-zero median difference (~2.3 % median-absolute-deviation) from the colocated ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. Soundings from the ZPM-1 campaign show a relatively large positive bias (~2.5 %). In summary, the low-cost COTS RO payloads onboard balloon platforms are worth further improvement for dense targeted atmospheric soundings to improve regional weather forecasts.
Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
Authors: Almeida Juan Pablo , Rosenstock Nicholas P. , Woche Susanne K. , Guggenberger Georg , Wallander Håkan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In boreal forests an important part of the photo assimilates are allocated
belowground to support symbiosis of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). The
production of EMF extramatrical mycelium can contribute to carbon (C)
sequestration in soils, but the extent of this contribution depends on the
composition of the EMF community. Some species can decrease soil C stocks by
degrading soil organic matter (SOM), and certain species may enhance soil C
stocks by producing hydrophobic mycelia which can reduce the rate of SOM
decomposition. To test how EMF communities contribute to the development of
hydrophobicity in SOM, we incubated sand-filled fungal-ingrowth mesh bags
amended with maize compost for one, two or three growing seasons in
non-fertilized and fertilized plots in a young Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest. We
measured hydrophobicity as determined by the contact angle and the C/N ratios
in the mesh bags contents along with the amount of new C entering the
mesh bags from outside (determined by C3 input to C4 substrate), and related
that to the fungal community composition. The proportion of EMF species
increased over time to become the dominant fungal guild after three growing
seasons. Fertilization significantly reduced fungal growth and altered EMF
communities. In the control plots the most abundant EMF species was
Piloderma olivaceum, which was absent in the fertilized plots. The hydrophobicity of the
mesh bag contents reached the highest values after three growing seasons only
in the unfertilized controls plots and was positively related to the
abundance of P. olivaceum, the C/N ratios of the mesh bag contents and the amount of new C
in the mesh bags. These results suggest that some EMF species are associated
with higher hydrophobicity of SOM and that EMF community shifts induced by
fertilization may result in reduced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter,
which in turn may reduce C sequestration rates.
Checkerboard patterns in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMFv2
Authors: Hannah Walter , Pressel Kyle , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Elsaesser Gregory
Published: August 2022

Abstract. An unphysical checkerboard pattern is identified in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMF that is detectable across a wide range of timescales, from instantaneous snapshots to multi-year averages. A detection method is developed to quantify characteristics of the checkerboard signal by cataloguing all possible configurations of the eight adjacent neighbors for each cell on the model's cubed sphere grid using daily mean data. The checkerboard pattern is only found in cloud-related quantities, such as precipitation and liquid water path. Instances of pure and partial checkerboard are found to occur more often in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMF when compared to satellite data regridded to the model grid. Continuous periods of partial checkerboard state are found to be more persistent in both models compared to satellite data, with E3SM-MMF exhibiting more persistence than E3SMv2. The checkerboard signal in E3SMv2 is found to be a direct consequence of the recently added deep convective trigger condition based on dynamically generated CAPE (DCAPE). In E3SM-MMF the checkerboard signal is found to be associated with the “trapping” of cloud-scale fluctuations within the embedded cloud-resolving model. Solutions to remedy this issue are discussed.
Comparison of sustainable flood risk management by four countries – the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan – and the implications for Asian coastal megacities
Authors: Chan Faith Ka Shun , Yang Liang Emlyn , Mitchell Gordon , Wright Nigel , Guan Mingfu , Lu Xiaohui , Wang Zilin , Montz Burrell , Adekola Olalekan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Sustainable flood risk management (SFRM) has become popular since the 1980s. Many governmental and non-governmental organisations have been keen on implementing the SFRM strategies by integrating social, ecological, and economic themes into their flood risk management (FRM) practices. However, the justifications for SFRM are still somewhat embryonic, and it is not yet clear whether this concept is influencing current policies in different countries. This paper reviews the past and current flood management experiences from flood defence to SFRM in four developed countries to highlight lessons for coastal megacities in development. The paper explores recent strategies such as “Making Space for Water”, Planning Policy Statement 25 (PPS25), and the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in the UK and “Room for the River” in the Netherlands, which were implemented to mitigate flooding, integrate FRM with sustainability concepts, and deliver sound FRM practice for future generations. In this context, the United States has also established a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), and in a different approach, Japan has developed an advanced flood warning and evacuation contingency system to prepare for climatic extremes. These case studies give good lessons in achieving long-term SFRM to deliver sound flood management practices considering socio-economic and environmental concerns. Most developing coastal megacities especially in Asia are still heavily reliant on a traditional hard-engineering approach, which may not be enough to mitigate substantial risks due to human factors (e.g. large population, rapid socio-economic growth, subsidence from excessive groundwater extraction) and natural factors (e.g. climate change including sea-level rise and land subsidence). It is clear that different countries and cities have their interpretation of SFRM, but this paper explores how policymakers can adopt “mixed options” to move towards long-term thinking about sustainability with social, economic, and environmental considerations.
TermPicks: a century of Greenland glacier terminus data for use in scientific and machine learning applications
Authors: Goliber Sophie , Black Taryn , Catania Ginny , Lea James M. , Olsen Helene , Cheng Daniel , Bevan Suzanne , Bjørk Anders , Bunce Charlie , Brough Stephen , Carr J. Rachel , Cowton Tom , Gardner Alex , Fahrner Dominik , Hill Emily , Joughin Ian , Korsgaard Niels J. , Luckman Adrian , Moon Twila , Murray Tavi , Sole Andrew , Wood Michael , Zhang Enze
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Marine-terminating outlet glacier terminus traces, mapped from satellite and aerial imagery, have been used extensively in understanding how outlet glaciers adjust to climate change variability over a range of timescales. Numerous studies have digitized termini manually, but this process is labor intensive, and no consistent approach exists. A lack of coordination leads to duplication of efforts, particularly for Greenland, which is a major scientific research focus. At the same time, machine learning techniques are rapidly making progress in their ability to automate accurate extraction of glacier termini, with promising developments across a number of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite sensors. These techniques rely on high-quality, manually digitized terminus traces to be used as training data for robust automatic traces. Here we present a database of manually digitized terminus traces for machine learning and scientific applications. These data have been collected, cleaned, assigned with appropriate metadata including image scenes, and compiled so they can be easily accessed by scientists. The TermPicks data set includes 39 060 individual terminus traces for 278 glaciers with a mean of 136 ± 190 and median of 93 of traces per glacier. Across all glaciers, 32 567 dates have been digitized, of which 4467 have traces from more than one author, and there is a duplication rate of 17 %. We find a median error of ∼ 100 m among manually traced termini. Most traces are obtained after 1999, when Landsat 7 was launched. We also provide an overview of an updated version of the Google Earth Engine Digitization Tool (GEEDiT), which has been developed specifically for future manual picking of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Use and effectiveness of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for identification of potential errors and failures in the process of root canal treatment
Authors: Yazdanian Mohsen , Alam Mostafa , Rafiee Esmail , Tahmasebi Elahe , Ghaffarpasand Arash , Abbasi Kamyar , Bahadori Mohammadkarim
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Root canal treatment (RCT) has high technical sensitivity, and many human procedural errors can compromise the success of treatment and well-being of patients. The failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a risk assessment and management tool that ensures the safety of patient care by a systematic approach to failures. This study aimed to identify the potential errors and failures in the process of RCT using the FMEA.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study evaluated the failure modes and their effects qualitatively and quantitatively using the FMEA methodology. For this purpose, a FMEA team was first established and the steps of RCT were described in a flowchart. Next, the potential errors and failures in each step were identified, and each failure mode was scored from 1 to 10, based on the severity of impact, likelihood of occurrence, and likelihood of detection. The three scores were multiplied to obtain the risk priority number (RPN). Corrective measures and preventive strategies were suggested for high-risk failure modes (RPN≥250).Results: The FMEA identified 19 steps and 48 potential failures in the process of RCT. The maximum RPN in the process of RCT was assigned to file fracture in the root canal (RPN=324), apical extrusion of irrigating solution (RPN=320), and inappropriate or no rubber dam isolation (RPN=315).Conclusion: The FMEA has high efficacy for detection and prioritization of improvable points in a complex dental procedure in a busy department such as the endodontics department.
Education Leadership Programs Responding to Current American Crises
Authors: Coaxum James , Farrow Michael , Manning JoAnn
Published: August 2022

The 2020 global pandemic has further exacerbated the inequities suffered by our most vulnerable students.  Here in the United States, the intersection of two pandemics have raised major issues surrounding racial discrimination, civil rights, and equal justice. This essay details one university responding to the current American crises in three areas that are pertinent to leadership preparation programs: recruitment, curriculum, and the problem in practice dissertation. By sharing our experiences and the literature that guides our actions, this paper aims to inspire education leadership programs to revitalize their efforts to support education leaders committed to social justice.
Equity Gaps in Dual Enrollment
Authors: Hooper Kimberlee M. , Harrington Christine
Published: August 2022

This article examined root causes of the equity gaps in dual enrollment through a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed literature, public scholarship, and practitioner perspectives. Root causes identified include access barriers, lack of advising and support, lack of awareness, and financial barriers for underrepresented students, all of which contribute to lower participation rates for Black and Latinx students when compared with White and Asian students. This article serves to provide community college practitioners with a deep understanding of the factors that contribute to this problem so that they can identify interventions that will address these root causes. Suggestions for mitigating equity gaps in dual enrollment for underrepresented students through the use of targeted messaging campaigns are discussed.
Single-Case Design: A Promising Tool for Improvement Science
Authors: McKenna John
Published: August 2022

This article provides an overview of single-case research design and how it can be used in concert with Improvement Science. Hypothetical examples of using single-case design to inform improvement efforts are provided, as is a discussion of connections between this methodology and Improvement Science. Resources for further study are also provided.
FABILUT: The Flexible Agent-Based Integrated Land Use/Transport Model
Authors: Ziemke Dominik , Kuehnel Nico , Llorca Carlos , Moeckel Rolf , Nagel Kai
Published: August 2022

Integrated land-use transport models are often accused of being too complex, too coarse or too slow. We tightly couple the microscopic land use model SILO (Simple Integrated Land Use Orchestrator) with the agent-based transport simulation model MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation). The integration of the two models is person-centric. It means, firstly, that travel demand is generated microscopically. Secondly, SILO agents can query individualized travel information to search for housing or jobs (and to choose among available modes). Consequently, travel time matrices (skim matrices) are not needed anymore. Travel time queries can be done for any time of the day (instead of for one or few time periods), any x/y coordinate (instead of a limited number of zones) and take into account properties of the individual. This way, we avoid aggregation issues (e.g., large zones that disguise local differences) and we can account for individual constraints (e.g., nighttime workers who cannot commute by public transport for lack of service). Therefore, the behavior of agents is represented realistically, which allows us to simulate their reaction to novel policies (e.g., emission-class-based vehicle restrictions) and to extract system-wide effects. The model is applied in two study areas: a toy scenario and the metropolitan region of Munich. We simulate various transport and land use policies to test the model capabilities, including public transport extensions, zones restricted for private cars and land use development regulations. The results demonstrate that the increase of the model resolution and model expressiveness facilitates the simulation of such policies and the interpretation of the results.
THỰC TRẠNG HỒ SƠ BỆNH ÁN NỘI TRÚ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI KHOA NỘI TỔNG HỢP - BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y HÀ NỘI NĂM 2021
Authors: Đạt Lê Minh , Thắng Nguyễn Hữu , Thanh Phạm Hải , Thuỷ Cao Thị Thanh
Published: August 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng hồ sơ bệnh án (HSBA) nội trú và một số yếu tố liên quan tại khoa Nộitổng hợp - Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội năm 2021.Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, kết hợp định lượng và định tính, tại khoa Nội tổng hợp- Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội trên 300 HSBA ngẫu nhiên và 07 phỏng vấn sâu và 03 thảo luận nhómvới nhân viên y tế.Kết quả: Tỉ lệ hồ sơ bệnh án ghi đạt của toàn bộ hồ sơ bệnh án là 74,7%. Yếu tố cá nhân là nhậnthức của nhân viên y tế (NVYT) về HSBA ảnh hưởng đến ghi chép HSBA; công tác kiểm tra, giámsát; công tác bình bệnh án; chưa tổ chức được các buổi tập huấn hay hướng dẫn công tác làm HSBA;chưa có các chế tài phù hợp. Yếu tố hạn chế được chỉ ra là lưu lượng người bệnh đông, nguồn nhânlực; phần hành chính trong HSBA.Kết luận: Nghiên cứu chỉ ra được một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc ghi chép HSBA của NVYT.
UN MODELO MISESIANO DE DESEQUILIBRIO GENERAL
Authors: Bayona Dante E.
Published: August 2022

Desde hace mucho se ha tenido la idea de que las acciones de los individuos al ser coordinadas a través de los mercados parecen alcanzar una situación de cierta forma beneficiosa para la sociedad en su conjunto. En 1874, en su obra Elementos de Economía Política Pura, o Teoría de la Riqueza Social, Leon Walras buscó demostrar cómo todos los mercados interactuaban de forma conjunta hasta alcanzar una situación de reposo.
RESEÑA DE LOS LIBROS HOT TALK, COLD SCIENCE: GLOBAL WARMING’S UNFINISHED DEBATE (Revised and Expanded Third Edition, Independent Institute, Oakland, California 2021) de S. Fred Singer (con David R. Legates y Anthony R. Lupo) UNSETTLED: WHAT CLIMATE SCIENC
Authors: Huerta de Soto Jesús
Published: August 2022

Los tres libros que se reseñan, y que he tenido la oportunidad de estudiar con detalle a lo largo de los meses del verano de 2021, se complementan mutuamente. Los tres están orientados en la misma dirección y, sin ser «negacionistas» stricto sensu, pues reconocen que el clima es dinámico y parece que ahora está en un nuevo ciclo de calentamiento, en el que sin duda la actividad humana tiene una cierta influencia, aunque mucho más modesta de lo que se nos quiere hacer creer; sin embargo, denuncian y argumentan con gran persuasión la escandalosa e injustificada manipulación política que se está llevando a cabo en el ámbito del cambio climático en la mayoría de los medios de comunicación, organismos gubernamentales, así como en los más variados contextos económicos y sociales de todo el mundo.
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS IN TWO LESSONS – WHY MARKETS WORK SO WELL, AND WHY THEY CAN FAIL SO BADLY by John Quiggin (2019, Princeton University Press)
Authors: Van Den Hauwe Ludwig
Published: August 2022

From WikipediA we learn that John Quiggin — born March 29, 1956 — is an Australian economist, a Professor at the Universityof Queensland, who was formerly an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow and Federation Fellow and a Member of theBoard of the Climate Change Authority of the Australian Government.
Generalized Fuzzy Filters in Quantales and Their Approximations
Authors: Mazher Qurashi Saqib , Shabir Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The present paper represents the behaviour of fuzzy filters and (α, β)-fuzzy filters in Quantale. The detailed study of relationship among crisp filter, fuzzy filters and (α, β)-fuzzy filters in quantale are discussed. An important part is played by quantale homomorphism which shows inverse image of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy filter is again (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy filter. Under (α, β)-fuzzy map, it is seen that inverse image of (α, β)-fuzzy filter is again a fuzzy filter under quantale homomorphism. The relationship between fuzzy filter and (∈γ, ∈γ ∨qδ)-fuzzy filters are also discussed. Further, generalized approximation of fuzzy filter, (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy filter
and (∈γ, ∈γ ∨qδ)-fuzzy filter are discussed.
Evolutions of the Ruled Surfaces along a Spacelike Space Curve
Authors: KAYMANLI Gu¨l UG˘ UR , EKICI Cumali
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we work on the ruled surfaces obtained by a
quasi normal and quasi binormal vectors along a spacelike space curve in
three dimensional Minkowski space. Time evolution equations depending
on quasi curvatures are obtained. Studying directional evolutions of both
quasi normal and quasi binormal ruled surfaces by using their directrices,
we investigate some geometric properties such as inextensibilty, developability,
flatness and minimality of these ruled surfaces.
A Study of Third-order KdV and mKdV Equations by Laplace Decomposition Method
Authors: Handibag S. S. , Wayal R. M.
Published: August 2022

In this article, the Laplace decomposition method is implemented to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. Third-order KdV and mKdV equations with initial conditions have been considered to check the validity of the proposed method. Results obtained by this method are compared with the exact solutions in literature numerically as well as
graphically and are found to be in good agreement with each other. The proposed method finds the solutions without any discretization, perturbation, linearization, or restrictive assumptions. Obtained results show that the LDM is highly accurate and easy to apply for NLPDEs in various fields.
Generalized Functional Equations of Polylogarithmic Groups
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Khan Javed , Iqbal Azhar
Published: August 2022

In this article, the functional equations of classical polylogarithmic groups for higher weights have been introduced and their relations with configuration of complexes have been defined via morphisms. Furthermore, these functional equations and homomorphisms have been generalized and their proofs have also been given. Through the use of these functional equations, the bi-complex form of the associated diagrams has
been shown.
Maps in Tangent Complex of Order Three
Authors: Hussain Sadaqat , Siddiqui Raziuddin
Published: August 2022

Previously we have extended the notion of tangent complex of first order to second order and proposed various morphisms in order to connect the tangent complex to well known Grassmannian complex. Now we are motivated to find similar constructions and maps for order greater than 2. Therefore in this paper we present the maps and other ingredients
for the tangent complex of order three in dialogarithmic settings. This work will play a key role in the generalization of these constructions.
Cooking Microenvironment and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Solid Fuels Users in Urban Slums in India
Authors: Thakur Megha , Boudewijns Esther A. , R. Babu Giridhara
Published: August 2022

About half of the global population still depends on solid fuels for cooking and heating. Slum residents face a disproportionate risk to household air pollution (HAP) because of the dense population often residing in poorly ventilated houses. We conducted a cross-sectional study among solid fuel users to find out the association between 1) the cooking microenvironment and HAP related health symptoms and lung function 2) lung function (FEV1%pred) and shortness of breath among women. A total of 260 households were recruited. We found that leaks in the roof were significantly associated with higher odds of cough or cough while cooking, headache and burning eyes than no leaks in the roof. Dwelling type with an attached cooking area was significantly associated with higher odds of shortness of breath than dwelling type with cooking area within the living room. Objectively measured chronic obstruction of the lungs confirmed these observations. Interestingly, a higher FEV1%pred was associated with higher odds of shortness of breath. Our results indicate that people are less likely to experience HAP related symptoms when there is no or minimum exposure to outdoor air. Slums are complex settings where HAP cannot be addressed in isolation. Localized interventions such as, improved cookstoves in only a few slums may not considerably improve the ambient air quality, and thus, might not result in large health benefits for such densely-populated settings. We suggest housing structure improvements such as, completely closed walls and presence of windows for cross ventilation.

Key words: [solid fuels, household air pollution, urban, slums, health].
To Compare the Effect of Isometric and Dynamic Neck Exercises on Pain, Cervical Muscle Endurance and Range of Motion in Patient with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: . Jaiya , Sharma Mukesh
Published: August 2022

Background: Neck pain is among the most encountered problem. Several previous studies have reported the effectiveness of various therapeutic exercises on neck pain. However, the comparison of the effectiveness of isometric and dynamic neck exercises on neck muscle endurance (NME) and Range of motion (ROM) in this population is not well documented.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of isometric and dynamic neck exercises on pain, NME and ROM in patients with Chronic Non-specific neck pain (CNNP). Study Design: Experimental design Source of Data Collection: DAV institute of physiotherapy, Yamunanagar.
Methodology: 30 Subjects with non-specific chronic neck pain were included in study on the basis of inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group A performed isometric neck exercises and Group B performed dynamic neck exercises. Treatment was given for 3 weeks. Pain, cervical muscle endurance and ROM was measured as Outcome measure on 1st , 10th and 21st day using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Ventral and Dorsal Neck Muscle Endurance (NME) Test and universal goniometer respectively.
Result: Statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) noticed in both groups for all the outcomes. However, Dynamic exercise group has shown highly significant improvement in all three parameters as compared to isometric exercise group.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the dynamic neck exercises (DNE) are more effective than isometric neck exercises (INE) and resulting in speedy and early recovery in patient with CNNP.

Key words: Chronic Non- Specific Neck Pain, dynamic neck exercises, isometric neck exercises, VAS, Ventral and Dorsal Neck Muscle Endurance Test, Cervical ROM.
Knowledge of Diabetic Foot Care among Diabetic Individuals of Ahmedabad
Authors: R. Jain Tarshika , P. Jhala Dr. Mihirdev
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetes is an incremental danger for the world health. Good knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care will reduce the risk of diabetic foot complication.
Aims and Objective: To assess the level knowledge of diabetic foot care among diabetic individuals of Ahmedabad.
Method: A cross sectional study was performed among community dwelling diabetic individuals of Ahmedabad. A survey of 250 diabetic individuals was conducted with a self-administrated questionnaire of 15 ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question on foot care knowledge and foot care. Score of 1 was given for each ‘yes’ answer. The level of knowledge was determined based on their answers. A score of >70% was measured as good, 50 to 70% as satisfactory and <50% as poor.
Results: 250 diabetic individuals were participated in the study. Among 250 participants,67 had good knowledge regarding diabetic foot care,136 participants had satisfactory knowledge and 47 participants had poor knowledge of diabetic foot care.
Conclusion: Majority of the participants had satisfactory knowledge regarding the diabetic foot care.

Key words: Knowledge, diabetic foot care, diabetes mellitus.
Comparing the Effects of Custom Molded Evazote Insoles with Pre-Fabricated Silicone Insoles on Balance, Functional Strength and Energy Expenditure in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Khalid Sarah , Saharawat Sakshi
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetic neuropathy disrupts the somatosensory system, causing disturbances in balance and increasing the fall risks. Predisposition to falls is also attributed to decreased neural sensitivity and muscle strength of lower limbs that increases the energy spent in walking. Prescription of patients with diabetic neuropathic feet involves the use of different types of insoles.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of custom molded evazote insoles and silicone insoles in terms of design and material for balance, strength and energy expenditure of lower limbs in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Material and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study involving 46 patients with diabetic neuropathy, aged between 45-65 years, who were assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Scoring Index. Through randomization, 23 patients were prescribed custom molded evazote insoles (Group 1) and remaining 23 were prescribed silicone insoles (Group 2. Pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of balance, lower limb functional strength and energy expenditure were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks.
Results: Independent t-tests were performed and these tests reported significant changes between the 2 groups, in balance and functional strength whereas no significant changes were found for energy expenditure of the patients.
Conclusion: Custom molded insoles are more effective as compared to silicone insoles in stimulating the mechanoreceptors in the feet and also increase the flow of somatosensory information, to prevent patients from falling. Custom molded evazote insoles provide better balance control and improved functional strength of lower limb muscles, when compared to silicone insoles.

Key words: [diabetic neuropathy, insoles, balance, functional strength, energy expenditure, diabetic insoles, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, custom insoles] .
Evaluation of Biometry Parameters of patients from a Tertiary Eye Care Centre
Authors: Sankar Roy Shib , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Sharma Abhishek
Published: August 2022

Background: To evaluate the distribution of A- scan Biometry parameters and Corneal Astigmatism before Cataract Surgery in patients from a Tertiary Eye Care Centre.
Methods: Cataract patients were recruited at a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital. Ocular axial length (AL), Lens thickness (LT), keratometry values, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and horizontal corneal diameter (white to white [WTW]) of each cataract-affected eye were measured using the Axis Nano Device (Immersion Technique).
Results: The study evaluated 418 eyes of 209 cataract patients. The mean AL, ACD, and WTW were 23.17±1.81 mm, 3. 25 ± 0.40 mm, and 10.50 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. Corneal astigmatism of 0.71 to 1.00 diopters (D) was the most common range of values. The flat and steep keratometry values both gradually increased with age. The mean ACD and WTW showed increasing trends as the AL increased. When the AL was below 26.0 mm, the keratometry values decreased as AL increased. The against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism proportion increased with age and the with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism proportion decreased with age. The Oblique Astigmatism whereas shows gradual decrease in the percentage in-accordance to the age.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our study determined the distribution of ocular biometric parameters and the characteristics of corneal astigmatism as well as their variation among different age groups in Delhi region. The profile of ocular biometric data and corneal astigmatism may help ophthalmologists to achieve better outcome by improving their surgical procedures including appropriate IOL choice and more accurate corneal incision made to gain a high quality of postoperative vision.

Key words: Biometry, Keratometry, Corneal astigmatism, Axial Length, Lens thickness.
Adolescent Breast Cancer: Early Detection and Prevention
Authors: Chhetri Kiran , K Dr. Amudha
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among adolescent girls, accounting for approximately 7% of breast cancer among all age groups2. Tumor in breast can be benign or malignant. Breast cancer in young patients is rare but more aggressive with higher intensity, advanced stages, and poor prognostic features. Women of any age group might suffer from breast cancer but apparently, young women are at more risk. Heredity is mainly the risk factor in young breast cancer patients. Other risk factors such as age, hormones, lifestyle and food habits also contribute to breast cancer. All of these risk factors if prevented at an early age can help prevent breast cancer. There are various methods to detect breast cancer with and without help of a health care facility. Simple procedure like breast self-examination can be performed at home. While, mammography is considered as the most effective clinical method for diagnosing breast cancer. The women who have familial history can be considered as risk group for initiation of breast cancer. Taking preventive measures and participating in screening of breast cancer is essential for early detection and prevention.

Key words: breast cancer, adolescence, early detection, prevention.
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma - A Case Presentation with Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Nanda , Monpara Shubhang , Shah Pranjal
Published: August 2022

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine secreting tumor which arises from adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal sites. Its clinical presentation is sustained or intermittent hypertension often with paroxysmal symptoms. Imaging studies and estimation of catecholamines and metanephrine in a 24 hours urine sample helps to arrive at definite diagnosis. Correct diagnosis is very important because resection of tumor dramatically reverses clinical symptoms. We present a case of adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 34-year-old female patient to highlight its rarity, clinical presentation and histopathological features.

Key words: Adrenal medulla, Catecholamine, Hypertension, Pheochromocytoma.
Mirror Therapy in Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Chaudhuri Sharmila , Ram C.S.
Published: August 2022

Herpes zoster is a disease caused by the reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus in the cranial or spinal sensory ganglion. It is characterized by pain full rash, postherpetic neuralgia and affects 10-20% of all people. The incidence rate varies from one to two cases per 1000 in young adults to 10 times this figure in the elderly. Risk of Herpes increases with old age, malignancies, immunosuppressants, autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or HIV infection. Here there is a case of a 63-year-old woman with symptoms of post herpetic neuralgia 3weeks after the infection involving the C5-C6 dermatome. The present article highlight neuralgia as one of the complications of herpes infection and the role of physiotherapy along with mirror therapy in the patient’s functional improvement. Outcome measures were, range of motion (ROM) measured by Goniometer, muscle strength measured by manual muscle test (MMT), pain measured by Numeric pain rating scale (NRPS), and improvement in the functions measured by patient-specific functional scale (PFPS). Early diagnosis and 6 weeks of physiotherapy intervention showed marked improvement in pain, ROM, muscle strength, and patient-specific functional score and prevented further complications

Key words: [Herpes Zoster, Post herpetic neuralgia, Mirror therapy, Physiotherapy] .
Comparison of Effect of Flow and Volume Incentive Spirometry on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and Single Breath Count in Post Sternotomy
Authors: Sathe Anil M. , A. Bhandare Sushama
Published: August 2022

Background: Thoracic surgery may cause reduce respiratory function and pulmonary complications, with associated increased risk of mortality. Devices like Flow and Volume incentive spirometry play an important role to improve lung function hence physiotherapy aims to improve respiratory function.
Aim: To compare the effect of 2 devices (flow & Volume incentive spirometers) on peak expiratory flow rate and single breath count.
Method: In this a Comparative, interventional study of 38 postoperative patients, between the age group of 18-60 years, admitted in the intensive care units and step down units of a tertiary care hospital, who were able to perform flow & Volume incentive spirometers on PEFR and SBC from day 1 to day 5. The patients were asked to perform PEFR & SBC before & after each treatment session, for both groups that is FIS and VIS groups from post-operative day 1 to day 5. PEFR and SBC were recorded pre and post treatment session from day 1 to day 5. The difference between day1 and day 5 were statistically analysed to study the effectiveness of the intervention.
Result: Comparison between group A and group B for all parameters was done by using Mann-Whitney U test. The p value is not statistically significant on comparing between the groups, but the improvement in PEFR and SBC from day 1 to day 5 is clinically significant, which indicates that both the devices contribute equally in improving the pulmonary status.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that flow targeted incentive spirometry and volume targeted incentive spirometry were equally effective in Improving peak expiratory flow rate and single breath count in post sternotomy for valve replacement.

Key words: Flow incentive spirometry, Volume incentive spirometry, Peak expiratory flow rate, Single Breath Count.
The Effect of Online Banking and Bank Fees on Customer Loyalty in PT Bank XXX (Persero) Tbk, Branch XXX, with Customer Satisfaction as a Mediator
Authors: Wulandari Nur Dwi , Ginting Paham , Gultom Parapat
Published: August 2022

Competition in the banking industry is intensifying in both domestic and international markets. To develop and achieve a competitive advantage, banks must be able to deliver superior customer service compared to their rivals. In this instance, the problematic bank is PT Bank XXX Tbk, where a decline in the number of savings accounts from 2019 to 2021 has a negative influence on customer loyalty. This research aims to determine and analyse the effects of e-banking and bank fees on customer loyalty, using customer satisfaction as an intermediate variable. Customers were interviewed and provided research questionnaires to collect quantitative and qualitative data for this study. This study's population consists of 102,000 customers of PT Bank XXX, Branch XXX. Using a simple random sampling approach, 398 customers have been sampled. The approach used for data analysis is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). According to the findings of this research, each variable of E-Banking and bank fees has a positive and statistically significant influence on customer loyalty and satisfaction. Through consumer satisfaction, the study's findings indicate that each variable of e-banking and bank fees has a positive and statistically significant influence on customer loyalty.

Keywords: E-banking, Bank fees, Customer satisfaction, Customer loyalty
Character Education in Economic Learning
Authors: . Sugiono , Jayanti Siti Nur , Andyastuti Etty
Published: August 2022

The era of digitalization and globalization has encouraged humans to interact between humans in various parts of the world. Assimilation of character values ​​is unavoidable, so every individual needs to maintain national identity so as not to become a dead country. Therefore, it is an important reason to implement character education in all educational units. One strategy that can be taken is to integrate character education into subjects including economics. This study aims to provide an overview of economic learning strategies based on character education. This research is a research that uses library strategy from various sources. The results of the study show five strategies that can be applied in character education-based economic learning, namely: (1) Identifying the character values ​​to be achieved. (2) Straightening economic principles and providing correct insight into the Indonesian economic system. (3) Application in the learning process. (4) Creating good synergy with other parties. (5) Be consistent between what is said and what is done. These five strategies should be followed by making learning tools that are adjusted to the competency rules and standards from the Ministry of Education.

Keywords: Modernization of the Digitalization Era, Globalization, Character Education, Economy
Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Assessment of Head and Neck Lesions - A Study at a District Hospital
Authors: Qadri Dr Shaika , Parvez Khan Dr Subuh , Rouf Bhat Dr Abdul
Published: August 2022

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, economical and less invasive method used for diagnosis in case of head and neck lesions which are commonly seen in general practice.
Aim: The present study was designed to find out the spectrum of head and neck masses, and to assess advantage of using FNAC in the diagnosis of palpable head and neck masses.
Material And Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 3 years from May 2019 to May 2022 in the department of pathology at district hospital JLNM. FNAC was performed on head and neck swellings and were evaluated for cytomorphology.
Results: A total of 583 cases were studied. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 50 years. Out of 583 cases, 299 were males and 284 were females. Maximum cases were from lymph nodes (241) accounting for 41.3% of total cases. 35.5% (207 cases) were from skin and soft tissue swellings. 17.4% (102 cases) were of thyroid, and 5.6% from salivary gland (33 cases).
Conclusions: FNAC is a reliable procedure for screening and diagnosing palpable head and neck lesions. It is extremely sensitive, specific and helps as an adjunct to histopathology. FNAC helps to decide as to whether to resect a benign tumour or to plan extensive surgeries and helps in guiding the therapeutic management by avoiding unnecessary surgeries and expenses.

Keywords: Head & Neck, Lymphadenopathy, FNAC.
The Protection of the Environment in the Purview of Law
Authors: Venkateswarlu Dr. Ch.
Published: August 2022

The concept of Environment is not new, it has been derived from ancient Vedas and Upanishads, and classical Greek works. Emperor Ashoka had planted trees to provide oxygen to the pedestrians. That means the Govt. of the third century BC had tried to protect Environment to provide oxygen to the living creatures on the earth. Delhi Sultan Firoz tughluk had grown orchards and gardens to reduce the impact of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The Mughals tried to provide protected drinking water to their citizen with amalgamation of different species of grass with the water. The early East India Company tried to protect Environment by growing large trees.
After the independence, the Govt. of India made plan to protect Environment but all the efforts are in vain. After the Stockholm Convention serious efforts have been made by Governments across the world to protect Environment. MC Mehatha an Environmentalist filed several PILS to protect animals in the Zoo and river water from pollution. For the first time, Rajeev Gandhi Govt. had initiated the Ganga Action plan to protect the river Ganga from pollution. The efforts of MC Mehatha are successful with the passing of Acts such as the Water Act, Air Act, and Environment Protection Act. This explanation tried to highlight different laws pertaining to the national and international arena to protect the environment by which human beings can safeguard the Earth Globe. The original intention of this paper is to understand environmental pollution, its impact, and the role of the laws and Governments in the protection of the environment in India.

Keywords: Environment, Judiciary, Protection, Law, Conventions
Prevalence of Comorbidities Among COPD Patients: A Comparative Case-Control Study in Kashmir
Authors: Bhat Abid Hussain , Hussain Adfar
Published: August 2022

Background: COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airflow limitation, which is a result of continuous and consistent use of tobacco smoke or exposure of respiratory tract to noxious stimuli or recurrent childhood respiratory tract infection.
Methods: A cross section of population from one of the assembly constituencies of Srinagar city has been taken as an area of sampling. A sample size of about 400 subjects was taken from three different electoral wards based on random table method as per defined inclusion criteria.
Results: Majority of the COPD patients accounting for (33.8%) were aging from 40 to 50 years, followed by (31.1%) falling in the age interval (61-70) years. The present study revealed that commonest comorbidities among COPD patients were hypertension (56.7%), Osteoporosis (41%), anxiety (32.4%), diabetes (24.3%) and HTN CVD (22.9%).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, HTN CVD, RA osteoporosis, anxiety, proximal myopathy, and insomnia are significantly higher among COPD cases compared to healthy controls.

Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory tract infection, comorbidities