bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics in a multi-point lean direct injection combustor
Authors: ZHU Pengfei , SUO Jianqin , LIU Zhenxia
Published: September 2022

A numerical investigation was conducted to study the combustion characteristics in a five-point lean direct injection combustor. The influence of the pilot's swirl number to the combustion characteristics at both idle and takeoff conditions was carried out. The simulation results show that the radial dimension of the central recirculation zone without-reaction is lower than under-reaction at idle condition; but at takeoff condition, there're few distinctions on the structure of the central recirculation zone between the flow fields under-reaction and without-reaction. With the increasing of the pilot's swirl number, the radial dimension of the central recirculation zone increases. The temperature distributions of the center section are different because of the mutual interferences of the pilot and main stage. And with the increasing of the pilot's swirl number, the NOx emissions of the exit of the combustor increases.
Trajectory optimization of morphing aircraft based on multi-fidelity model
Authors: WANG Jianlei , CHEN Xiaoyu , HONG Houquan , LI Chunna , GONG Chunlin , FU Junxin
Published: September 2022

Morphing aircraft can flexibly change its aerodynamic shape to adapt to the varying flight conditions during a flight. Compared with the traditional fixed shape aircraft, it has a very obvious advantage. This paper proposed a solution flow based on the multi-fidelity model for the morphing aircraft with morphing wings, and the optimal trajectory and morphing rules are studied. The angle of attack, Mach number, sweep angle and axial position of the morphing wing are defined as variables for generating training data for building the multi-fidelity Kriging model, which is used to predict the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Based on the hp-adaptive pseudospectral method, the model is used as aerodynamic input to establish the optimization process of morphing rules, and the trajectory optimization is carried out for the contrast fixed wing aircraft and morphing aircraft with the goal of minimum fuel consumption, respectively. The control parameters such as morphing parameters, angle of attack and engine control parameters are optimized simultaneously while meeting the flight mission requirements. The results show that the morphing aircraft has higher climbing and descending efficiency, and the optimal trajectory has obvious advantages. Moreover, the research flow proposed in this paper is universal, which can effectively reduce the CFD calculation cost and improve the efficiency of trajectory optimization of the variable shape vehicle.
A posteriori error estimates for mixed finite element discretizations of the Neutron Diffusion equations
Authors: Ciarlet Patrick , Do Minh Hieu , Madiot François
Published: September 2022

We analyse a posteriori error estimates for the discretization of the neutron diffusion equations with mixed finite elements. We provide guaranteed and locally efficient estimators on a base block equation, the one-group neutron diffusion equation. We pay particular attention to AMR strategies on Cartesian meshes, since such structures are common for nuclear reactor core applications. We exhibit a robust marker strategy for this specific constraint, the direction marker strategy.
„Verrückter“ Körper – Zönästhesie
Authors: Schwencke Silja
Published: September 2022

Die mannigfaltigen, eigenartigen und bizarren Beschwerden, die Patient*innen mit Schizophrenie beschreiben, sind als Symptome einer Zönästhesie bekannt. Was viele aber nicht wissen: Zönästhesien können auch unabhängig von psychiatrischen Erkrankungen als eigene Schmerzform auftreten. Physiotherapeut*innen sollten diese seltene somatoforme Störung daher kennen, um nicht an einer wirkungslosen Therapie zu verzweifeln.
Computer-Aided System of the Mandibular Cortical Bone Porosity Assessment on Digital Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Astuti Eha R. , Arifin Agus Z. , Indraswari Rarasmaya , Putra Ramadhan H. , Ramadhani Nastiti F. , Pramatika Berty
Published: September 2022

Objectives The loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in various sites of the body, including the mandible, is the main sign of osteoporosis. Thus, the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system was developed for bone density assessment and patients were classified into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups using a digital panoramic radiograph.

Material and Methods Data of dental panoramic radiographs and corresponding BMD assessments from 123 postmenopausal women were collected. For the proposed CAD system test, regions of interest (ROI) that were located below the left and right mental foramen on dental panoramic radiographs were determined. The width and texture of the mandibular cortical bone in each ROI were used to classify the data into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis classes. The width of the mandibular cortical was measured using the polynomial fitting method. The texture feature of the cortical bone is obtained by calculating the average value of the grayscale intensity of cortical bone. The classification result was obtained by using a multiclass support vector machine.

Results The experimental results using 10-fold cross-validation showed that the proposed system achieved an average accuracy of 86.50% for osteoporosis classification on dental panoramic radiographs. The average misclassification error and relative foreground area error of the segmentation process were 5.21 and 12.98%, respectively. From the analysis of the cortical width measurement process, highest average mandibular cortical width (MCW) was found in the normal patient category compared with the other classes.

Conclusion This research showed that the proposed computer-aided system can be used for osteoporosis and osteopenia assessment by measuring the MCW and texture on dental panoramic radiographs with the average system accuracy of 89.52%.
Are Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars Predictive of Dental Caries?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ben Salem Mouna , Chouchene Farah , Masmoudi Fatma , Baaziz Ahlem , Maatouk Fethi , Ghedira Hichem
Published: September 2022

To estimate the prevalence of dental caries among children affected concomitantly with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM).

Electronic databases, including Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct, were searched. Studies written in English involving children with MIH-HSPM and dental caries were considered eligible. Two reviewers extracted the data according to the PRISMA statement and assessed the bias risk with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria.

Out of 535 studies identified in the initial research, only two articles were included in the present review. A significant association between MIH-HSPM and dental caries in permanent dentition was reported in the two included records (AOR: 3.70; p < 0.001). Children with MIH-HSPM expressed significantly higher DMFT and PUFA values than children without MIH-HSPM. However, dmft values did not differ significantly between children with and without HSPM (1.79 [2.4] vs. 1.78 [2.5]; 1.88 [2.73] vs. 1.59 [2.53], respectively.

MIH-HSPM lesions were correlated with a higher prevalence and more severe carious lesions in permanent dentition. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the findings were generated by only two studies performed by the same authors. Thus, further well-designed studies are highly recommended.
Idiopathic Aneurysm of the Aortic Arch in an Infant
Authors: Cvitkovic Tomislav , Petena Elena , Sarikouch Samir , Neubert Lavinia , Beerbaum Philipp , Horke Alexander , Bobylev Dmitry
Published: September 2022

Congenital aortic aneurysms are rare disorders, usually associated with genetic aortic syndromes. Here, we describe the case of an idiopathic aortic arch aneurysm which had been diagnosed prenatally by fetal echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed after birth in the neonatal period and successful surgical resection of the aneurysm was performed at the age of 3 months. The idiopathic etiology of the aneurysm, its localization, and the early surgical resection render this case very unusual.
Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Tinea Corporis: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Laskar Bakibillah , Paul Swapan , Chattopadhyay Abhijit , Karuppusamy Avaranjika , Balamurugan Dharshna , Bhakta Puja , Das Sourav , Pal Siddhartha , Singh Navin Kumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: September 2022

Introduction Tinea corporis (TC; ringworm or dermatophytosis) is a superficial skin infection caused by Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton genera of dermatophytes. We compared the effects of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in fifty-millesimal (LM) potencies against placebo in TC.

Methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two parallel arms trial was conducted on 62 individuals suffering from TC at the National Institute of Homoeopathy, India. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either IHMs in LM potencies or identical-looking placebos for a period of 3 months. The primary outcome measure was the number of participants showing complete disappearance of skin lesions after 3 months. Secondary outcomes were a numeric rating scale (NRS) measuring intensity of itching and the Skindex-29 questionnaire (overall, and three sub-scales – degree of symptoms, psychological functioning, emotional status). All were assessed at baseline and every month, up to 3 months. The intention-to-treat sample was analyzed to detect inter-group differences using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance after adjusting for baseline differences.

Results The primary outcome revealed no improvement in either of the groups (χ
2 = 0.012, p = 0.999). Inter-group differences in some of the secondary outcomes favored IHMs against placebo – itching NRS (mean group difference after 3 months: −0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.1 to −0.4; p = 0.001); Skindex-29 overall (mean group difference after 3 months: 3.2 [95% CI, −0.6 to 7.0; p = 0.009]); Skindex-29 degree of symptoms (mean group difference after 3 months: 0.9 [95% CI, −0.2 to 1.9; p = 0.007]); and Skindex-29 psychological functioning (mean group difference after 3 months: 1.7 [95% CI, 0–3.4; p = 0.002]).

Conclusion Results were negative on the primary outcome; however, secondary outcomes included some statistically significant results favoring IHMs against placebo after 3 months.

Trial registration CTRI/2019/11/021999; UTN: U1111–1242–0070.
The Relationship between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Self-Care Agency in Married Women
Authors: Alp Dal Nursel , Beydağ K. Derya , Ikde Öner Özlem
Published: September 2022

Objective This study was conducted to determine the relationship between gynecological cancer awareness and self-care agency among married women.

Materials and Methods This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed with 819 women who presented to the obstetrics polyclinic of a hospital located in the west of Turkey between December 15, 2020 and April 15, 2021. The data of the study were collected by using the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA) and the Gynecological Cancers Awareness Scale (GCAS).

Results The mean age of the participants was 37.62 ± 9.181 years. The mean ESCA score of the women who participated in this study was 95.89 ± 25.060, which indicated moderate levels of self-care agency. The mean total GCAS score of the participants of this study was 156.57 ± 32.930, which indicated high levels of gynecological cancer awareness among the women. As the self-care agency of the women increased, their awareness of gynecological cancers also increased.

Conclusion Midwives and nurses who provide preventive and supportive healthcare services may affect the self-care agency of women positively by gynecological cancer awareness they will raise in these women.
The Role of Modified Killian's Method in the Evaluation of Hypopharyngeal and Supraglottic Cancers
Authors: Amar Priyanka Schilling , Syed Kamran Asif , Michael Rajiv C.
Published: September 2022

Objectives Hypopharyngeal cancer is one of the upper aerodigestive tract malignancies with the poorest prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of modified Killian's (MK) method in routine, outpatient-based flexible laryngoscopy to improve visualization and assess the extent of supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancers.

Materials and Methods An observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in India where fifty consecutive patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with suspected hypopharyngeal and supraglottic malignancy underwent a conventional laryngoscopy as well as MK method. The site and extent of the tumor on endoscopy were recorded and the videos were graded independently by two investigators on Murono's scale from 1 to 5. A subset of these patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia was also scored with the above scale. The scores were compared to check the accuracy of flexible laryngoscopy with the MK method in staging cancer.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were given using mean (standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. The difference between the mean scores was analyzed using the paired-t test. The agreement between the scales and the observer, that is, the inter- and intraobserver agreement, was presented with concordance rate and Kappa weighted analysis.

Results In this study, the mean scores of the Murono's scale grading of the conventional method, MK method, and direct laryngoscopy were 1.42 (SD: 0.64), 2.94 (SD: 0.95), and 4.30 (SD: 1.49), respectively, which showed significant improvement in scores with MK method. In addition, the subset analysis demonstrated a significant agreement between direct laryngoscopy and MK method.

Conclusion The MK method is a good diagnostic test and a valuable adjunct to diagnostic flexible laryngoscopy in the evaluation and staging of hypopharyngeal and supraglottic cancers.
Characterization of Pediatric Patients with Rheumatological Diseases Admitted to a Single Tertiary Health Hospital's Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Latin America
Authors: Erazo-Martínez Valeria , Ruiz-Ordoñez Ingrid , Álvarez Carolina , Serrano Laura , Aragón Cristian C. , Tobón Gabriel J. , Concha Sandra , Lasso Rubén , Ramírez Lyna-
Published: September 2022

Most autoimmune diseases (AIDs) during childhood debut with more severe and aggressive forms, with life-threatening conditions that increase the need for intensive care therapy. This study describes the clinical, laboratory, and health outcome features of pediatric patients with AIDs admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included the clinical records of all pediatric patients with AIDs admitted to the PICU between 2011 and 2020 in Cali, Colombia. In total, 225 PICU admissions from 136 patients were evaluated. Median age was 13 (11–15) years, and the median disease duration was 15 (5–38.5) months. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the most prevalent disease (91, 66.9%), followed by vasculitis (27, 19.8%). The leading cause of PICU admission was AID activity (95, 44.3%). C-reactive-protein levels were associated with infections (p <0.0394). Mortality occurred in 12 (8.8%) patients secondary to AID activity, primarily, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (6, 50%). A longer disease duration was associated with mortality (p <0.00398). AID activity was the leading cause of PICU admission and mortality. Pulse steroid therapy, mechanical ventilation, and inotropic and vasopressor support were associated with nonsurvival.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match
Authors: Whisonant Cees T. , Shahriari Shawhin R. K. , McDonald Casey , Hough Tyler , Ederle Amanda C. , Borah Gregory L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Matching into an orthopaedic surgery residency program presents a challenging accomplishment for applicants to achieve in any given year. Due to the profound changes to the application process caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic it was theorized that there would be a change in the number of graduates matching close to their home medical school region, state, and program.

Methods Orthopaedic surgery residency program Web sites and social media accounts were accessed to elucidate current resident data, including graduates' medical school, and geographical location of their school. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify trends in current residents matching within their home program, state, and region associated with the 2021 orthopaedic match. These numbers were compared with previous year's successful applicants.

Results In 2021, a significant 4.4% (p=0.02) increase in successful matches within applicants' home states occurred (33.4% vs. 37.8%) and home programs (p<0.001) when compared with previous years (21.2% vs. 27.4%). However, in 2021, there was no significant change in home region matching (p=0.56) with 60% of successful matches occurring in home regions. This was statistically consistent with what was observed in previous years (61.4%).

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with restrictions in travel and interview options resulting in a significant increase in the number of orthopaedic applicants who matched into their home program, or at programs in their home state compared with previous years. Although no statistically significant regional change occurred during the 2021 match, it remains the leading predictor of where successful applicants will match. With many unknowns related to the upcoming match cycles it is important for applicants and programs to have a general idea of recent trends and outcomes to best focus their efforts, especially if diversity and minority inclusion are considered in highly competitive specialties like orthopaedic surgery.
Use of Locking Compression Plate and Locking Compression T-Plate for Surgical Arthrodesis of the Carpometacarpal and Distal Tarsal Joints in 13 Horses
Authors: Lambert Jenna L. , García-López José M. , Gasiorowski Janik C.
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the use of the locking compression plate (LCP) and locking compression T-plate (LCTP) in cases of carpometacarpal and distal tarsal arthrodesis for the treatment of osteoarthritis and small carpal or tarsal bone fractures, and to document clinical outcomes.

Study Design Case records of horses treated with carpometacarpal or distal tarsal arthrodesis via internal fixation using an LCP or LCTP between 2013 and 2021 were reviewed. All cases were evaluated retrospectively. Follow-up information was gained via phone conversation with owners and referring veterinarians.

Results Data were collected for 13 horses that fulfilled the study criteria. A total of eight horses underwent distal tarsal arthrodesis, and five underwent carpometacarpal arthrodesis. Twelve of thirteen horses went back to some level of athletic performance. Eight of 13 returned to the same level, while 4 of 13 returned to a lower level. Minor postoperative complications were recorded in 3 of 13 cases, with all horses suffering manageable short-term complications returning to the same level of work. Two horses suffered a major complication, with one resulting in euthanasia.

Conclusion Carpometacarpal and distal tarsal arthrodesis performed using the LCP and LCTP allowed all surviving horses in the study to obtain immediate postoperative comfort and eventual return to use.
Breast Carcinoma Receptor Expression in a Caribbean Population
Authors: Ramdass Michael J. , Gonzales Joshua , Maharaj Dale , Simeon Donald , Barrow Shaheeba
Published: September 2022

Trinidad and Tobago are islands in the Southern Caribbean with a unique mix of races within the population consisting of East Indian (EI) (37.6%), Afro-Caribbean (AC) (36.3%), mixed (24.2%), and Caucasian, Chinese, Lebanese, Syrian, Amerindian, and Spanish groups accounting for 1.9%. It makes it suitable for a comparison of breast carcinoma receptor expression within a fixed environment. This study included 257 women with an age range of 28 to 93 years (mean = 57.2, standard deviation = 15.0), peak age group of 51 to 60 consisting of 105 EI, 119 AC, and 33 mixed descent. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 88%, invasive lobular 9.7%, and ductal carcinoma in situ 2.3%. The triple-negative rates were 24.8, 33.6, and 30.3% for EI, AC, and mixed races, respectively, with the Pearson's chi-square test revealing statistical significance for the AC versus EI (p < 0.001); AC versus mixed (p < 0.001); and EI versus mixed (p = 0.014) groups. The overall estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor (HER) expression negative rates were 52, 64, and 79%, respectively. Chi-square test of the following combinations: ER +/PR +/HER + ; ER +/PR +/HER − ; ER −/PR −/HER + ; ER +/PR −/HER + ; ER +/PR −/HER − ; ER −/PR +/HER + ; ER −/PR +/HER− revealed no statistical differences (p = 0.689).
The Understanding and Impact of COVID-19 and Pandemic Policies on Syrian and Other Arabic-Speaking Refugees in Tampa, Florida
Authors: Harb Ahmad M. , Ninesling Brennan , Ortega Cotte Alfredo , Oxner Asa , Menezes Lynette J. , Mahoney Dillon , Baer Roberta D.
Published: September 2022

Background Vulnerable communities around the world, such as Syrian refugees, faced increased social and financial strain due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated the underlying issues and inequities of Arabic-speaking refugees during the pandemic.

Methods Data were collected from Arabic-speaking refugees (N = 20) in July 2020, using an online 97-item questionnaire, in short response and multiple-choice formats.

Results Participants' reports indicate adequate knowledge about COVID-19 symptoms and preventative measures, but experienced linguistic, financial, and cultural challenges during the pandemic. “Essential” low-paying occupations put the population at risk for COVID-19. Local mosques and nonprofits have provided essential social support and food.

Conclusion Syrian and Arabic-speaking refugees reported several problems suggesting the need for increased understanding of this understudied, marginalized, and vulnerable population. Making resources and governmental programs more accessible is critical, so refugees can better access information regarding jobs, housing, and education. Organizations central to community support, including mosques, should be assisted.
Contribution of Serial Focused High-Resolution Renal Ultrasound in the Management of a Neonate in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Gothi Rajesh , Raj Dinesh
Published: September 2022

Most newborns begin urinating within 24hours of life, and almost always by 48hours. Rarely, some of them are anuric beyond 24hours, thereby causing concern to parents and treating doctors. We report the case of a newborn who presented with anuria till 48hours after birth. High-resolution ultrasound examination, focusing on the renal medulla, demonstrated increased echogenicity at the tip of the pyramids. This was attributed to slow clearance of urinary sediment deposited there, which was causing obstruction to the urinary outflow. On monitoring serially over the next few days, the echogenic sludge was observed being slowly eliminated leading thereby to improvement in the urinary output. High-resolution ultrasound focusing on the renal pyramids played an important role in the observation and management of this transient event unfolding, in the urinary tract.
Novel Docetaxel-Loaded Micelles Based on all-trans-Retinoic Acid: Preparation and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats
Authors: Yang Ya-Ni , Cheng Jia-Jia , He Jun , Lu Wei-Gen
Published: September 2022

Docetaxel (DTX) is a poorly soluble drug. The purpose of this study was to explore a DTX-loaded micelle delivery system using N-(all-trans-retinoyl)-L-cysteic acid methyl ester sodium salt (XMeNa) as the carrier materials. In this study, amphiphilic surfactant XMeNa was synthesized. Then, the blood biocompatibility and the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) were assessed by a hemolysis test and pyrene-based fluorescent probe techniques, respectively. The XM-DTX micelles were prepared using the method of thin-film hydration, and characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading efficiency (DLE) were assessed by the ultrafiltration method. In vitro release and pharmacokinetic behaviors of XM-DTX micelles were performed in rats using Taxotere (a commercialized DTX injection) as a control. Our data confirmed the excellent blood biocompatibility of XMeNa as a carrier. XMeNa can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous media with a very low CMC (6.2 μg/mL). The average size and zeta potential of the XM-DTX micelles were 17.3 ± 0.2 nm, and −41.6 ± 0.3 mV, respectively. EE and DLE reached up to 95.3 ± 0.7% and 22.4 ± 0.2%, respectively, which may account for the high solubility of DTX in normal saline. The micelles were spherical in TEM with good dispersion and no aggregation and adhesion, and exhibited good stability after reconstitution over 8 hours. Results from in vitro release assay suggested a much slower release behavior of XM-DTX micelles in comparison to Taxotere. Additionally, XM-DTX micelles prolonged DTX retention in blood circulation, increased the area under the curve by 2.4-fold, and significantly decreased the clearance of the drug. Given above, the XM-DTX micelles could improve the solubility and the release of DTX. The amphiphilic surfactant XMeNa also exhibited great potential as a vehicle for exploring delivery of poorly water soluble drugs in the future.
4.4.23.7 Silylmethyl Anions (Update 2022)
Authors: Sumida Y. , Ohmiya H.
Published: September 2022

Silylmethyl anions have found various applications in synthesis, including as nucleophiles, metalation reagents, reductants, and stabilization ligands for other metals. The unique property arising from the α-anion stabilization effect and transformability of the silyl substituent allows synthetically useful methodology, enabling olefination, homologation, selective metalation, and further transformations. Thus, these synthetic reagents remain valuable and are widely employed in modern organic synthesis. This chapter describes the advancement of silylmethyl anion chemistry, with the major developments from 2000 to the present date covered.
Emotional cycles and collective action: Global crises and the World Social Forum
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

As the world suffers the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, global justice activists pursue political solutions to its devastating consequences especially on the weakest sections of the world’s population. I analyse activists’ responses to the 2008 financial crisis to reflect on how collective action is impacted by social crises. The global justice movement and the financial sector face recurring, intertwined, and inversely related cycles of exuberance and crash. I find that, on the one hand, the prevalence and intensity of recurring crises in large transnational collective actors depend on factors including their prevalent emotional dynamics, their dispositions towards their objectives, and their ability to gauge external reality. On the other hand, differential outcomes of crises in groups are accounted for by the capacity to mourn the losses suffered, as opposed to the denial of responsibility and the externalisation of blame. I analyse these emotional dynamics through psychoanalytic lenses to provide a contribution to the literature on the cycles of collective action and, more broadly, to the study of political action and social change.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the physical qualities of professional boxers by considering their personality traits
Authors: Andruchshishin Iossif , Sapiev Sepik , Denisenko Yuri , Geraskin Anatoly
Published: September 2022

The study analyzes the development and improvement of physical qualities in modern sports and examines the optimal parameters in general and individual training of boxers. The paper describes a pedagogical experiment to explore the effectiveness of the author’s methodology for the development and improvement of physical qualities considering boxers’ personality traits. The experiment involved 30 boxers from the national team of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is among the strongest teams in the world (15 people in the experimental and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 7 out of 9 dimensions: pull-up on the bar (t = 2.927; P ≤ 0.01), bench press from the chest (t = 2.253; P ≤ 0. 05), weight push from the chest in front (t = 3.467; P ≤ 0.01), 100 m run (t = 3.100; P ≤ 0.01), jump from a place (t = 2.444; P ≤ 0.05), 1st 400 m run (t = 2.654; P ≤ 0.01) and 2nd 400 m run (t = 2.354; P ≤ 0.05). The experimental group significantly surpassed its background results and the control group’s results in seven indicators of physical fitness out of nine. This fact suggests that the author’s experimental technique effectively improves the physical qualities of highly skilled boxers. A two-way analysis of variance showed higher efficiency of improving physical qualities when using the author’s methodology and the absence of differences between different weight categories. The study can be of practical use for sports coaches and psychologists who want to improve the physical qualities of athletes, following the methodology proposed by the author. In addition, the materials of this work can be useful in studying the management of performance and creating a favorable psychological climate for improving physical qualities of boxers, considering the characteristics of an athlete’s personality.
Vorticity equation on surfaces with arbitrary topology embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space
Authors: Sato Naoki , Yamada Michio
Published: September 2022

We derive the vorticity equation for an incompressible fluid on a two-dimensional surface with an arbitrary topology, embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space and arising from a first integral of the flow, by using a tailored Clebsch parameterization of the velocity field. In the inviscid limit, we identify conserved surface energy and enstrophy and obtain the corresponding noncanonical Hamiltonian structure. We then discuss the formulation of the diffusion operator on the surface by examining two alternatives. In the first case, we follow the standard approach for Navier–Stokes equations on a Riemannian manifold and calculate the diffusion operator by requiring that flows corresponding to Killing fields of the Riemannian metric are not subject to dissipation. For an embedded surface, this leads to a diffusion operator, including derivatives of the stream function across the surface. In the second case, using an analogy with the Poisson equation for the Newtonian gravitational potential in general relativity, we construct a diffusion operator taking into account the Ricci scalar curvature of the surface. The resulting vorticity equation is two-dimensional, and the corresponding diffusive equilibria minimize dissipation under the constraint of curvature energy.
Sweat analysis with a wearable sensing platform based on laser-induced graphene
Authors: Vivaldi F. , Dallinger A. , Poma N. , Bonini A. , Biagini D. , Salvo P. , Borghi F. , Tavanti A. , Greco F. , Di Francesco F.
Published: September 2022

The scientific community has shown increasing interest in laser scribing for the direct fabrication of conductive graphene-based tracks on different substrates. This can enable novel routes for the noninvasive analysis of biofluids (such as sweat or other noninvasive matrices), whose results can provide the rapid evaluation of a person's health status. Here, we present a wearable sensing platform based on laser induced graphene (LIG) porous electrodes scribed on a flexible polyimide sheet, which samples sweat through a paper sampler. The device is fully laser manufactured and features a two layer design with LIG-based vertical interconnect accesses. A detailed characterization of the LIG electrodes including pore size, surface groups, surface area in comparison to electroactive surface area, and the reduction behavior of different LIG types was performed. The bare LIG electrodes can detect the electrochemical oxidation of both uric acid and tyrosine. Further modification of the surface of the LIG working electrode with an indoaniline derivative [4-((4-aminophenyl)imino)-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one] enables the voltammetric measurement of pH with an almost ideal sensitivity and without interference from other analytes. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the concentrations of ions through the analysis of the sweat impedance. The device was successfully tested in a real case scenario, worn on the skin during a sports session. In vitro tests proved the non-cytotoxic effect of the device on the A549 cell line.
Design of laser pulse shapes and target structures by random optimization for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Li Z. , Yang X. H. , Xu H. , Zhang G. B. , Zeng B. , Chen S. J. , Ma Y. Y. , Wu F. Y. , Zhang J.
Published: September 2022

Quasi-isentropic compression is required for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) to compress the target to a high density and high temperature status, where to match the laser pulse shape and target structure is of great significance to the implosion. However, many parameters for the laser pulse shape and the target structure should be optimized in order to realize such match. In this paper, the drive laser pulse and the target structure are designed using a random optimization method for a direct-drive ICF implosion driven by a 358.40 kJ laser pulse. This method can quickly optimize the laser pulse and target structure parameters for an efficient quasi-isentropic compression of the plasmas, leading to an areal density of 9.30% higher than that given by the hydrodynamic scaling. A correlation matrix is also constructed to analyze the correlation between the parameters. This provides a reference for further optimization and improvement. The method should have potential applications in the target design for future ICF experiments.
Terahertz beam array generated by focusing two-color-laser pulses into air with a microlens array
Authors: Bai Ke , Gou Yangjiuzhou , Peng Xiao-Yu
Published: September 2022

Terahertz (THz) radiation from a plasma filament array generated by focusing two-color laser pulses into the ambient air with a microlens array combining a lens is investigated. We observed a linear dependence of far-field collected THz radiation on the number of filaments and separated THz bunches that are less than 1 mm in diameter. These results indicate that the individual plasma filaments contribute incoherently to the entire THz output, which is demonstrated further with our simulation. Furthermore, the dependence of THz output on laser energy shows that the total energy of the THz beam array has not yet reached its saturation point under the conditions of current pump laser energy in our lab, indicating that it is still possible to further improve the THz output by further increasing the pump laser energy. This THz beam array may possibly be used in micro- or sub-millimeter multi-samples for THz imaging or as a stimuli array source for more scientific research in the future.
Numerical study on the peeling–ballooning modes with electron cyclotron wave injection
Authors: Li Y. J. , Chen S. Y. , Qin C. C. , Mou M. L. , Xu X. L. , Zhang X. J. , Tang C. J.
Published: September 2022

The influence of electron cyclotron wave (ECW) injection with different deposition positions and injection powers on the evolution of peeling–ballooning (P–B) modes is studied with the BOUT++ code, in which the energy deposition and current drive of the ECW are calculated using a ray tracing code. It is shown that the changes in the profiles of plasma pressure, current density, and resistivity induced by ECW injection can significantly influence the linear property and the nonlinear evolution of P–B modes. For the linear simulation, the ECW deposited at the top of the pedestal makes the high toroidal mode number (n) P–B modes more unstable; however, it stabilizes the medium-n to high-n P–B modes when the ECW is deposited at the middle of the pedestal, and the ECW deposited at the bottom of the pedestal decreases the growth rate of P–B modes with medium-n. Further investigation shows that the injected ECW influences the characteristic of linear P–B modes by changing the diamagnetic effect, magnetic shear, pressure gradient, current density, resistivity, and so on. It is known from the nonlinear simulation that the energy loss caused by the edge localized mode (ELM) with ECW injection deposited at the top of the pedestal is nearly the same as that in the case without ECW injection, while the ECW deposited at the middle and bottom of the pedestal is helpful to decrease ELM energy loss. According to the analyses of the time evolution of the P–B mode toroidal spectrum, the physical mechanism of the decrease in ELM energy loss in the simulation is that ECW injection suppresses the most unstable toroidal harmonic of the P–B mode. On the other hand, the influence of ECW injection on P–B modes becomes more obvious when the power of the injected ECW increases. Moreover, the influence of current driven by the ECW on P–B modes is studied separately in this paper, which plays a different role from the bootstrap current.
Dual role of 3C-SiC interlayer on DC and RF isolation of GaN/Si-based devices
Authors: El Hadi Khediri A. , Benbakhti B. , Gerbedoen J.-C. , Maher H. , Jaouad A. , Bourzgui N. E. , Soltani A.
Published: September 2022

The impact of Cubic Silicon Carbide (3C-SiC) transition layer on breakdown voltage and frequency performance of GaN high electron mobility transistors is investigated. A combination of distinct material and device characterizations techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, coplanar waveguides, electrical measurements, and Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations, are adopted to inspect the role of the 3C-SiC interlayer. Raman spectra reveal a good quality of the 3C-SiC layer, similar to the mono-crystalline 3C-SiC spectra. A relatively low transmission loss of ∼0.16 dB/mm at 40 GHz is measured for the device with 3C-SiC layer, rather than 2.1 dB/mm for the device without 3C-SiC. In addition, a soft breakdown voltage around 1530 V at 1 μA/mm is achieved, which is three times larger compared with that of the conventional device. The failure mechanism, related to carrier injection at the nucleation layer, is not observed in the structure with the 3C-SiC layer. Instead, TCAD simulations disclose a substantial improvement of the buffer/substrate interface through the suppression of an interface current path.
Avalanche-like breakdown behavior of copolymer organic semiconductor-based Schottky junction structure
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Man , Chen Jing , Zhang Maolin , Yao Jiafei , Zhang Guobin , Bai Song , Guo Yufeng
Published: September 2022

Organic field-effect transistors have demonstrated their outstanding off-state breakdown performance. Yet, the physical nature of their electric breakdown remains unexplored. In this paper, by employing a lateral back-to-back Schottky junction composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated copolymer (DPPT-TT) and Au metal, the breakdown performance of copolymer organic semiconductor (OSC) is experimentally demonstrated. The nondestructive/repeatable breakdown behavior and positive coefficient between temperature and breakdown voltage indicate that the avalanche-like breakdown mechanism plays a dominant role in determining the breakdown characteristic of OSC-based power devices. Based on the lateral back-to-back Schottky junction, a characterization method of key breakdown parameters is proposed. The extracted critical electric field (EC) of DPPT-TT is up to 5.0 MV/cm, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of single-crystal silicon. Despite the fact that copolymer OSCs are narrow bandgap semiconductors, they still deliver excellent breakdown performance, making them a promising building block for future power electronics.
High energy storage efficiency and temperature stability realized in the Ba0.3Sr0.7Zr0.18Ti0.82O3/LaNiO3 heterostructure thin films directly deposited on the conductive Si substrate
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Liu Yun , Huang Binbin , Yu Ping
Published: September 2022

A high-performance energy storage capacitor would not display high energy storage density (Ue) but high energy storage efficiency (η). However, during raising the electric field (E) or temperature (T), the η in dielectric thin films often shows an obvious degradation process. The degradation process is closely related to the change of the charge carrier transport mechanism as a function of E or T. Compared with the electric breakdown strength, the relationship between η and the charge carrier transport mechanisms in the dielectric thin films was less concerning. In this work, by increasing the trigger E and T of the space charge limited current mechanism, the beginning of the η degradation process was delayed into higher E and T. Consequently, a high Ue (∼56.6 J/cm3) and η (∼93.9%) were achieved simultaneously in Ba0.3Sr0.7Zr0.18Ti0.82O3/LaNiO3 heterostructure thin films directly deposited on low-cost conductive silicon wafers. Moreover, the temperature stability was greatly improved. This result would also offer a promising approach to improve the electrical properties of the dielectric oxide thin films in a harsh environment of high temperatures by redistributing oxygen vacancies through the heterostructure interface.
Magnetic domain scanning imaging using phase-sensitive THz-pulse detection
Authors: Stiewe Finn-Frederik , Winkel Tristan , Kleinke Tobias , Tubandt Tobias , Heyen Hauke , Vollroth Lucas , Martens Ulrike , Müller Cai , McCord Jeffrey , Walowski Jakob , Münzenberg Markus
Published: September 2022

In our study, we determine the alignment of magnetic domains in a CoFeB layer using THz radiation. We generate THz pulses by fs laser pulses in magnetized CoFeB/Pt heterostructures based on spin currents. An LT-GaAs Auston switch detects the radiation phase sensitively and allows us to determine the magnetization alignment. Our scanning technique with motorized stages, with step sizes in the sub-micrometer range, allows us to image two dimensional magnetic structures. Theoretically, the resolution is restricted to half of the wavelength if focusing optics in the far-field limit are used. By applying near-field imaging, the spatial resolution is enhanced to the single digit micrometer range. For this purpose, spintronic emitters in diverse geometric shapes, e.g., circles, triangles, squares, and sizes are prepared to observe the formation of magnetization patterns. The alignment of the emitted THz radiation can be influenced by applying unidirectional external magnetic fields. We demonstrate how magnetic domains with opposite alignment and different shapes divided by domain walls are created by demagnetizing the patterns using minor loops and imaged using phase sensitive THz radiation detection. For analysis, the data are compared to Kerr microscope images. The possibility of combining this method with THz range spectroscopic information of magnetic texture or antiferromagnets in direct vicinity to the spintronic emitter makes this detection method interesting for a much wider range of applications probing THz excitation in spin systems with high resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit, limited solely by the laser excitation area.
An open source package to perform basic and advanced statistical analysis of turbulence data and other complex systems
Authors: Fuchs André , Kharche Swapnil , Patil Aakash , Friedrich Jan , Wächter Matthias , Peinke Joachim
Published: September 2022

We present an open-source package that helps the user to perform a basic statistical analysis of a given turbulence dataset. We believe that this package is useful to the entire turbulence community. It can be used to estimate statistical quantities of turbulence such as the spectral density, turbulence intensity, integral length scale, Taylor microscale, Kolmogorov scale, and dissipation rate as well as velocity increments, structure functions, and their scaling exponents. Different well-known methods available in the literature were selected so that they can be compared. This package also performs an advanced analysis that includes the scale-dependent statistical description of turbulent cascade using the Fokker–Planck equation, consequently leading to the assessment of integral fluctuation theorems. As a precondition for the stochastic process approach, Markovian properties of the turbulent cascade in scale are tested. This is utilized to estimate the drift and diffusion coefficients of the Fokker–Planck equation. The total entropy production for each independent cascade trajectory can be determined using a Fokker–Planck equation. Estimating total entropy production admits a rigorous law of non-equilibrium stochastic thermodynamics, namely, the integral fluctuation theorem, which must be valid if Markov properties hold and the Fokker–Planck equation is correct. This approach to the turbulent cascade process has the potential for a new way to link the statistical description of turbulence, non-equilibrium stochastic thermodynamics, and local turbulent flow structures. Finally, we emphasize that the presented package can be used for the analysis of other data with turbulent-like complexity as well.
Electrical-field-induced insulator-to-metal transition in samarium monosulfides
Authors: Kishida K. , Shibutani J. , Hatano T. , Yokoyama Y. , Katayama N. , Okamoto Y. , Nakamura Y. , Kishida H. , Suzuki H. S. , Takehana K. , Imanaka Y. , Takenaka K.
Published: September 2022

Electrical-field-induced insulator-to-metal (I-to-M) transition of samarium monosulfides was investigated systematically. Experiment results demonstrate that Sm0.9Ca0.1S undergoes the I-to-M transition when in a small electric field of 250 V/cm at liquid-nitrogen temperatures. However, simultaneous measurement of I–V characteristics and strain did not detect the electrical-field-induced strain expected from the large volume contraction originating from the valence transition of Sm. Mid-infrared to visible region reflectivity spectroscopy in the field-induced transition revealed no spectral change other than the temperature change attributable to Joule heat. This lack of change contrasts to the large-scale spectrum changes, such as a sharp rise in reflectivity, which appear in the metallic phase induced by pressure or element substitution. The detailed analysis of the field-induced strain suggests that filamentary metallic paths are formed during the breakdown process, just as they are for strongly correlated insulators.