bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-performance grating couplers on 220-nm thick silicon by inverse design for perfectly vertical coupling
Authors: Yang Mingxiang , Yan Yunjie , Wu Zhenlin , Gu YiYing , Zhao Shiyuan , Morthier Geert , Zhao Mingshan
Published: October 2023

Efficient grating couplers (GCs) for perfectly vertical coupling are difficult to realize due to the second-order back reflection. In this study, apodized GCs (AGCs) are presented for achieving perfectly-vertical coupling to 220 nm thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides in the C-band. We compare the performance of the AGCs to that of uniform GCs (UGCs) and demonstrate the superiority of the former. The AGCs were obtained through inverse design using gradient-based optimization and were found to effectively suppress back reflection and exhibit better matching to the Gaussian beam profile. The design and measurement results show that AGCs have a 3 dB lower coupling loss than UGCs. We fabricated focusing AGCs by electron beam lithography with a single, 70 nm shallow etch and a minimum feature size of 100 nm, which makes them compatible with CMOS technology. The AGCs achieved a coupling efficiency of −5.86 dB for perfectly vertical coupling. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of AGCs for achieving high-performance coupling in the C-band on the SOI platform.
Serum KL-6 levels predict the occurrence and severity of treatment-related interstitial lung disease in lung cancer
Authors: Park Hwa Kyung , Yoon Chang-Seok , Na Young-Ok , Lee Jae-Kyeong , Oh Hyung-Joo , Park Ha-Young , Kho Bo-Gun , Kim Tae-Ok , Shin Hong-Joon , Kwon Yong-Soo , Oh In-Jae , Kim Yu-Il , Lim Sung-Chul , Kim Young-Chul , Park Cheol-Kyu
Published: October 2023

In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) as a potential biomarker for treatment-related ILD (TR-ILD) in lung cancer. We recruited patients with lung cancer in whom KL-6 was measured to differentiate between pneumonia and ILD (category 1), diagnose and assess the severity of suspicious ILD (category 2), or evaluate baseline levels before cancer treatment (category 3). Among 1,297 patients who underwent KL-6 testing, 422 had lung cancer, and TR-ILD was detected in 195 patients. In categories 1–2, median KL-6 level was higher in drug-induced ILD or acute exacerbation of underlying ILD than in no ILD or radiation-induced pneumonitis, and it was correlated with the severity of TR-ILD. High KL-6 level (cut-off: > 436U/mL) was an independent risk factor for severe TR-ILD, and low KL-6 level with high procalcitonin level (> 0.5 ng/mL) could exclude severe TR-ILD. Patients with severe TR-ILD had worse overall survival than those without, whereas high baseline KL-6 level was associated with worse survival, especially in patients without severe TR-ILD. Therefore, serum KL-6 may be a surrogate marker for predicting the occurrence and assessing the severity of TR-ILD at the time of suspected ILD and before lung cancer treatment.
Experimental pathogenesis of aquatic bird bornavirus 1 in Pekin ducks
Authors: Ampuero Fernanda , Leacy Alexander , Pham Phuc H. , Che Sunoh , Jardine Claire , Nagy Eva , Delnatte Pauline , Lillie Brandon N. , Susta Leonardo
Published: October 2023

Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) is a neurotropic virus that causes persistent infection in the nervous system of wild waterfowl. This study evaluated whether Pekin ducks, the most common waterfowl raised worldwide, are susceptible to ABBV-1 infection and associated disease. Groups of Pekin ducks were inoculated with ABBV-1 through the intracranial (IC; n, 32), intramuscular (IM; n, 30), and choanal (CH; n, 30) routes. Controls (CO; n, 29) received carrier only. At 1, 12, and 21 weeks postinfection (wpi), 7–14 birds were euthanized to assess virus distribution and lesions. Infection rates in the IC and IM groups were over 70%, while only 4 ducks in the CH group became infected. Neurological signs were observed in 8 ducks only, while over 25% of IC and IM birds had encephalitis and/or myelitis. Seroconversion was highest in the IC and IM groups, and mucosal ABBV-1 RNA shedding was most frequent in the IC group (53%). None of the fertile eggs laid during the experiment tested positive for ABBV-1 RNA. This study shows that Pekin ducks are permissive to ABBV-1 infection and partly susceptible to associated disease. While mucosal shedding may be an important route of transmission, congenital infection appears unlikely.
Real-time dual prediction of intradialytic hypotension and hypertension using an explainable deep learning model
Authors: Yun Donghwan , Yang Hyun-Lim , Kim Seong Geun , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok
Published: October 2023

Both intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and hypertension (IDHTN) are associated with poor outcomes in hemodialysis patients, but a model predicting dual outcomes in real-time has never been developed. Herein, we developed an explainable deep learning model with a sequence-to-sequence-based attention network to predict both of these events simultaneously. We retrieved 302,774 hemodialysis sessions from the electronic health records of 11,110 patients, and these sessions were split into training (70%), validation (10%), and test (20%) datasets through patient randomization. The outcomes were defined when nadir systolic blood pressure (BP) < 90 mmHg (termed IDH-1), a decrease in systolic BP ≥ 20 mmHg and/or a decrease in mean arterial pressure ≥ 10 mmHg (termed IDH-2), or an increase in systolic BP ≥ 10 mmHg (i.e., IDHTN) occurred within 1 h. We developed a temporal fusion transformer (TFT)-based model and compared its performance in the test dataset, including receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curves (AUPRC), with those of other machine learning models, such as recurrent neural network, light gradient boosting machine, random forest, and logistic regression. Among all models, the TFT-based model achieved the highest AUROCs of 0.953 (0.952–0.954), 0.892 (0.891–0.893), and 0.889 (0.888–0.890) in predicting IDH-1, IDH-2, and IDHTN, respectively. The AUPRCs in the TFT-based model for these outcomes were higher than the other models. The factors that contributed the most to the prediction were age and previous session, which were time-invariant variables, as well as systolic BP and elapsed time, which were time-varying variables. The present TFT-based model predicts both IDH and IDHTN in real time and offers explainable variable importance.
Systematic review: predictive value of organoids in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sakshaug B. Cristoffer , Folkesson Evelina , Haukaas Tonje Husby , Visnes Torkild , Flobak Åsmund
Published: October 2023

While chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy and surgery are important modalities in the treatment of colorectal cancer, their widespread use is not paired with an abundance of diagnostic tools to match individual patients with the most effective standard-of-care chemo- or radiotherapy regimens. Patient-derived organoids are tumour-derived structures that have been shown to retain certain aspects of the tissue of origin. We present here a systematic review of studies that have tested the performance of patient derived organoids to predict the effect of anti-cancer therapies in colorectal cancer, for chemotherapies, targeted drugs, and radiation therapy, and we found overall a positive predictive value of 68% and a negative predictive value of 78% for organoid informed treatment, which outperforms response rates observed with empirically guided treatment selection.
Effects of different mulch materials on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and soil water use efficiency of wheat in Loess tableland
Authors: Ye Shenglan , Li Juan , Kong Hui , Shen Jianglong , Wu Dan
Published: October 2023

Due to the lack of precipitation and poor temporal and spatial stability in the Loess Plateau for a long time, it is necessary to adopt mulching technology to support the stable and high yield of wheat cultivation system. This study aims at exploring different mulching materials on the soil water content, photosynthetic characteristics, wheat yield, and yield components of winter wheat in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the traditional flat soil water content is the lowest in the seedling stage. In the jointing stage and heading stage of many crop water requirements, ridge film mulching treatment can effectively promote the growth of wheat and increase the water use efficiency. The leaf area index (LAI) of different treatments wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the jointing stage, ordinary mulching film (T1) and liquid mulching film (T3) had the highest LAI content, which were 3.78 and 3.71 respectively. The Pn and Gs in wheat flag leaves of T3 treatment is higher than that of CK throughout the entire growth period, and T3 significantly increased Ci and WUEi in different growth stage. And the grain number per panicle and grain weight of T3 treatment were 24.44 and 41.00 g, which were 19.3% and 5.4% higher than CK, respectively. Through the actual production calculation of the final harvest, the ridge film mulching has a significant increase in production compared with the CK. The yield of T3 treatment was 4980.25 kg hm−2, which was 29.37% higher than CK. It was significantly different from CK (P < 0.05). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the ridge film mulching treatment significantly affected the soil water content and wheat yield. And the liquid mulching film had the best effect. Exploring the impact of different covering techniques on the wheat cultivation system in the Loess Plateau region, to promote the scientific promotion of this technology.
Evaluation of the effect of particulate matter on construction accidents using relative probability
Authors: Lee Minsu , Jeong Jaewook , Kim Daeho
Published: October 2023

PM10 is known to have a great adverse effect on the human body. However, there is a lack of research analyzing the impact of PM10 on the occurrence of accidents. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between PM10 and accidents in the construction industry and to present a new concentration group to manage accidents caused by PM10 in the construction industry. This study was conducted in the following four stages. (i) collection of data, (ii) classification of data, (iii) relative probability analysis, and (iv) modified PM10 group classification. The main results of this study are as follows. When the frequency analysis of the traditional method was conducted, 3,721 accidents occurred at a PM10 concentration of 32 μg/m3. However, as a result of the relative probability analysis presented in this study, it was confirmed that the relative accident probability increased as the PM10 concentration increased. In addition, the current PM10 concentration is presented by the WHO in six groups from a health perspective. However, in this study, the newly proposed PM10 group was classified into three groups from the perspective of the probability of construction accidents. The group proposed in this study is not from a health perspective but a group for managing construction site accidents. The contribution of this study was to confirm that PM10 also affects accidents occurring at construction sites, and the impact of PM10 on accidents was quantitatively analyzed through the relative probability analysis presented in this study.
Three-dimensional motion control of an untethered magnetic object using three rotating permanent magnets
Authors: Sakuma Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Magnetic motion control has been actively studied mainly for the purpose of biomedical applications. However, in many cases, many actuator magnets surround a small magnet to be moved, and they consume large electric power. In some cases, complex calculations are required to estimate the control input of the actuator magnets. This study proposes a simple method to move a small magnet to the desired positions. For this, three cylindrical permanent magnets magnetized in the radial direction were positioned as the sides of a triangle; these actuator magnets were rotated using motors. By monitoring the position of the small magnet and through simple feedback control based on the angles of the three actuator magnets, the untethered small magnet could be moved along arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) paths. The control principle was established by calculating the magnetic force and torque acting on the small magnet for some sets of actuator-magnet angles.
CMIP6 projections for global offshore wind and wave energy production (2015–2100)
Authors: Ibarra-Berastegui Gabriel , Sáenz Jon , Ulazia Alain , Sáenz-Aguirre Aitor , Esnaola Ganix
Published: October 2023

Three-hourly CMIP6 projections have been used in conjuction with the CSIRO WaveWatchIII wave model to calculate the global trends in offshore wind and wave energy for the SSP585 and SSP126 scenarios until 2100. The results indicate that moderate yet significant changes are expected in the theoretical electricity generated from wind and waves at fewer than 10–15% of coastal locations. While this implies a generally stable outlook for the future, certain coastal regions with existing or planned wind farms may experience a slight reduction in production by 2100. Regarding wave energy, given its early stage of development, a more cautious approach is advisable, although a similar conclusion may be reached. Considering the decreasing installation costs on the horizon and accounting for both climatic scenarios, this provides a reliable context for most ongoing feasibility studies, technological developments, and offshore facility investments.
An integrated CMOS–silicon photonics transmitter with a 112 gigabaud transmission and picojoule per bit energy efficiency
Authors: Li Ke , Thomson David J. , Liu Shenghao , Zhang Weiwei , Cao Wei , Littlejohns Callum G. , Yan Xingzhao , Ebert Martin , Banakar Mehdi , Tran Dehn , Meng Fanfan , Du Han , Reed Graham T.
Published: October 2023

The widening application of advanced digital infrastructure requires the development of communications technologies with increased data transmission rates. However, ensuring that this can be achieved in an energy-efficient way is challenging. Here we report an integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor/silicon-photonics-based transmitter in which a switching current is applied to the passive-equalization-network-guided silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator, rather than driving a standard Mach–Zehnder modulator with a traditional voltage swing. This approach allows the total electrical energy to be selectively distributed to different frequency components by choosing an appropriate inductance and near-end termination impedance values. With the approach, we achieve 112 gigabaud—112 gigabits per second on–off keying and 224 gigabit per second pulse-amplitude modulation with four levels—transmission with energy efficiencies below picojoules per bit, and without the need for signal-shaping functions in the data source. We also investigate the bit error rate for different electrical and optical power conditions at 100 gigabaud, including the electrical power consumption of the driver amplifier.
A novel mouse model of mitochondrial disease exhibits juvenile-onset severe neurological impairment due to parvalbumin cell mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Olkhova Elizaveta A. , Bradshaw Carla , Blain Alasdair , Alvim Debora , Turnbull Doug M. , LeBeau Fiona E. N. , Ng Yi Shiau , Gorman Gráinne S. , Lax Nichola Z.
Published: October 2023

Mitochondrial diseases comprise a common group of neurometabolic disorders resulting from OXPHOS defects, that may manifest with neurological impairments, for which there are currently no disease-modifying therapies. Previous studies suggest inhibitory interneuron susceptibility to mitochondrial impairment, especially of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV+). We have developed a mouse model of mitochondrial dysfunction specifically in PV+ cells via conditional Tfam knockout, that exhibited a juvenile-onset progressive phenotype characterised by cognitive deficits, anxiety-like behaviour, head-nodding, stargazing, ataxia, and reduced lifespan. A brain region-dependent decrease of OXPHOS complexes I and IV in PV+ neurons was detected, with Purkinje neurons being most affected. We validated these findings in a neuropathological study of patients with pathogenic mtDNA and POLG variants showing PV+ interneuron loss and deficiencies in complexes I and IV. This mouse model offers a drug screening platform to propel the discovery of therapeutics to treat severe neurological impairment due to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Human brain responses are modulated when exposed to optimized natural images or synthetically generated images
Authors: Gu Zijin , Jamison Keith , Sabuncu Mert R. , Kuceyeski Amy
Published: October 2023

Understanding how human brains interpret and process information is important. Here, we investigated the selectivity and inter-individual differences in human brain responses to images via functional MRI. In our first experiment, we found that images predicted to achieve maximal activations using a group level encoding model evoke higher responses than images predicted to achieve average activations, and the activation gain is positively associated with the encoding model accuracy. Furthermore, anterior temporal lobe face area (aTLfaces) and fusiform body area 1 had higher activation in response to maximal synthetic images compared to maximal natural images. In our second experiment, we found that synthetic images derived using a personalized encoding model elicited higher responses compared to synthetic images from group-level or other subjects’ encoding models. The finding of aTLfaces favoring synthetic images than natural images was also replicated. Our results indicate the possibility of using data-driven and generative approaches to modulate macro-scale brain region responses and probe inter-individual differences in and functional specialization of the human visual system.
Electroacoustic tomography for real-time visualization of electrical field dynamics in deep tissue during electroporation
Authors: Xu Yifei , Sun Leshan , Wang Siqi , Yan Yuchen , Pandey Prabodh , Novickij Vitalij , Xiang Liangzhong
Published: October 2023

Despite the widespread applications of electroporation in biotechnology and medicine, monitoring the distribution of deep tissue electrical fields in real-time during treatment continues to pose a challenge. Current medical imaging modalities are unable to monitor electroporation during pulse delivery. Here we propose a method to use electroacoustic tomography (EAT) to prompt the emission of broadband ultrasound waves via electrical energy deposition. EAT boasts submillimeter resolution at depths reaching 7.5 centimeters and can deliver imaging speeds up to 100 frames per second when paired with an ultrasound array system. We’ve successfully detected EAT signals at electric field strengths ranging from 60 volts per centimeter to several tens of kilovolts per centimeter. This establishes EAT as a potential label-free, high-resolution approach for real-time evaluation of deep tissue electroporation during therapeutic procedures.
An enhanced biophysical screening strategy to investigate the affinity of ASOs for their target RNA
Authors: Stulz Rouven , Lerche Michael , Luige Olivia , Taylor Agnes , Geschwindner Stefan , Ghidini Alice
Published: October 2023

Benefits of early implementation of HT, inexpensive and enhanced biophysical screenings to investigate the affinity of ASOs for their target RNA using several biophysical techniques such as DSF, ITC, SPR, CD and SAXS.
A fast and efficient way of obtaining the average molecular weight of block copolymers via DOSY
Authors: Voorter Pieter-Jan , Wagner Manfred , Rosenauer Christine , Dai Jinhuo , Subramanian Priya , McKay Alasdair , Cameron Neil R. , Michels Jasper J. , Junkers Tanja
Published: October 2023

Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) allows for excellent determination of block copolymer molecular weights.
Asymmetry-enhanced 59Co NMR thermometry in Co(iii) complexes
Authors: Üngör Ökten , Sanchez Stephanie , Ozvat Tyler M. , Zadrozny Joseph M.
Published: October 2023

Asymmetric ligands alter the low-energy vibrational spectra of a metal complex and affect the temperature dependence of 59Co NMR properties.
Recent advances towards increasing the Pt utilization efficiency for hydrogen evolution reaction: a review
Authors: Khamgaonkar Saikiran , Okasha Mohamed , Maheshwari Vivek
Published: October 2023

Pt, an ideal HER catalyst, is costly, hindering its use in wide-scale applications. Here, we discuss how advances to Pt alloys, heterostructures, and SACs improve Pt atomic utilization for HER, and how spectator ions and pH affect performance.
Comprehensive review of micro/nanostructured ZnSnO3: characteristics, synthesis, and diverse applications
Authors: Rahman Moksodur , Bashar Muhammad Shahriar , Rahman Md. Lutfor , Chowdhury Faisal Islam
Published: October 2023

ZnSnO3 stands out as a captivating ternary oxide, garnering considerable interest in the realm of materials science owing to its distinct features, including remarkable sensitivity, expansive surface area, and excellent compatibility.
A novel portable immuno-device for the recognition of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 biomarker using GQD–AgNPrs conductive ink stabilized on the surface of cellulose
Authors: Mobed Ahmad , Kohansal Fereshteh , Dolati Sanam , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Lymphatic vessel endothelium expresses various lymphatic marker molecules.
Nickel-catalysed asymmetric hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes for enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-tethered chiral allenes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Jimin , Ruan Yu-Long , Liao Ling , Ma Chuang , Xue Xiao-Song , Yu Jin-Sheng
Published: October 2023

An unprecedented nickel-catalysed enantioselective hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes is developed, allowing access to valuable monofluoromethyl-tethered chiral allenes that are otherwise inaccessible.
Regioselective ortho halogenation of N-aryl amides and ureas via oxidative halodeboronation: harnessing boron reactivity for efficient C–halogen bond installation
Authors: Shinde Ganesh H. , Ghotekar Ganesh S. , Amombo Noa Francoise M. , Öhrström Lars , Norrby Per-Ola , Sundén Henrik
Published: October 2023

We report the discovery of an ortho regioselective oxidative halodeboronation of N-aryl amides and ureas with wide-ranging applications in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and synthetic organic chemistry.
Highly uniform photonic synapse arrays based on TIPS-pentacene nanowires/CsPbBr3 heterojunctions
Authors: Hong Hongyi , Shen Zihong , Yang Zunxian , Ye Yuliang , Ye Bingqing , Zhou Yuanqing , Huang Qiaocan , Wu Wenbo , Meng Zongyi , Zeng Zhiwei , Ye Songwei , Cheng Zhiming , Lan Qianting , Wang Jiaxiang , Chen Ye , Zhang Hui , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan , Weng Zhenzhen , Chen Yongyi
Published: October 2023

Organic nanowire thin films was fabricated by template imprinting method. The photonic synaptic array simulated the characteristics of artificial light synapses. Based on a composite synaptic array, an artificial vision system was achieved.
Extended π-conjugation: a key to magnetic anisotropy preservation in highly reactive porphyrins
Authors: Cojocariu Iulia , Carlotto Silvia , Baranowski Daniel , Jugovac Matteo , Dreiser Jan , Schio Luca , Floreano Luca , Casarin Maurizio , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus M.
Published: October 2023

The findings herein reported highlight the role played by planarization in quenching the reactivity and preserving the magnetic anisotropy. The effect is associated with the weakening of the ligand field, which accompanies the π-conjugation increase.
Crosslinked thioctic acid as a multifunctional buried interface modifier for high-performance inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Liu Ning , Liu Zhongyu , Wang Jianwei , Huang Like , Hu Ziyang , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin
Published: October 2023

By using crosslinkable small molecule thioctic acid (TA) as a multifunctional modifier to insert into the ZnO/perovskite buried interface, a champion efficiency of 16.56% was achieved for the CsPbI2Br PSCs with significantly improved device stability.
Episodic Thinking in Alzheimer's Disease Through the Lens of Language: Linguistic Analysis and Transformer-Based Classification
Authors: He Rui , Yuan Xiaofeng , Hinzen Wolfram
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Episodic memory decline is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and linked to deficits in episodic thinking directed to the future. We addressed the question whether a deficit in episodic thinking can be picked up directly from connected speech and its detection can be automatized.

Method:

We linguistically classified 2,809 utterances (including embedded clauses in the utterances) from picture descriptions from 70 healthy older controls, 82 people with mild probable AD (pAD), and 46 people with moderate pAD for whether they were episodic, nonepisodic, or “other” (e.g., off-task). Generalized linear regression models were used to investigate how ratios of these categories change in AD, controlling for age, gender, and education. Finally, we applied deep learning technique to explore the feasibility of automating the episodicity analysis.

Results:

Decline in episodicity significantly distinguished controls from both mild pAD and moderate pAD. Correlation analysis suggested this decline not to be an effect of age, gender, and education but of cognitive ability. The decline was not compensated by an increase of nonepisodic utterances but mainly of off-task expressions. A transformer-based classifier to explore the possibility of automatizing the classification of episodicity achieved a macro F1 score of 0.913 in the ternary classification.

Conclusion:

These results show that a loss of episodicity is an early effect in AD that is manifested in spontaneous speech and can be reliably measured by both humans and machines.
Speech Production in Healthy Older Adults With or Without Amateur Singing Experience
Authors: Tremblay Pascale , Gagnon Lydia , Roy Johanna-Pascale , Arseneault Alison
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Amateur singing is a universal, accessible, and enjoyable musical activity that may have positive impacts on human communication. However, evidence of an impact of singing on speech articulation is still scarce, yet understanding the effects of vocal training on speech production could provide a model for treating people with speech deficits. The aim of this study was to examine speech production in younger and older adults with or without amateur singing experience.

Method:

Thirty-eight amateur singers (aged 20–87 years, 23 women and 15 men) and 40 nonmusician active controls (aged 23–88 years, 19 women and 21 men) were recruited. A set of tasks were used to evaluate the oral motor sphere: two voice production tasks, a passage reading task, and a modified diadochokinetic (DDK) rates task performed at a natural rhythm and as quickly as possible.

Results:

Our results show that older age was associated with lower reading rate, lower articulation rate, and articulation rate variability in the DDK task, as well as reduced accuracy for the phonologically complex stimuli. Most importantly, our results show an advantage for singers over cognitively active nonsingers in terms of articulatory accuracy in the most challenging situations.

Conclusion:

This result suggests extended maximal performance capacities in amateur singers perhaps resulting from the articulatory efforts required during singing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24274813
Preliminary Findings From the Hearing Assessment in Response to Noise Screener: A New Pediatric Tool for Measuring Speech Identification in Noise
Authors: Irwin Julia , Sullivan Jessica , Fernandes Barbara , Lotto Alyssa
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

As part of the development of a speech-in-noise screener, speech recognition was measured in quiet and in an interrupted noise for 59 children with typical development according to parent report.

Method:

There were 39 monolingual and 20 bilingual participants. A corpus of 107 words were presented by a male and female speaker and present in the following conditions: +3 dB signal-to- noise ratio (SNR), −3 dB SNR, and quiet.

Results:

The participants showed increasing difficulty with speech identification as the SNR decreased. Additionally, age-related differences in accuracy were observed at each noise level.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide preliminary support for the utility and efficacy of a speech-in-noise screener for use with children.
Preservice Training in Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Speech-Language Pathologists and Special Education Teachers: Prevalence and Preferences
Authors: Pitt Kevin M. , Brennan Sarah , Sauerwein Allison M. , Weissling Kristy
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Preservice training is an important step to provide augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) professionals with the skills needed to facilitate inclusion and AAC success. However, existing research has largely focused on evaluating the perspectives of speech-language pathology faculty regarding preservice AAC course design. Thus, identifying important teaching topics and pedagogical teaching strategies for AAC from the perspectives of practicing professionals may provide an avenue for bolstering effective AAC implementation.

Method:

A total of 67 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and 330 special education teachers (SETs) in the state of Nebraska completed an online survey investigating the prevalence of preservice training in AAC, preferred teaching topics and strategies, and self-perceived levels of competency immediately following their preservice training in AAC.

Results:

The majority of SLPs (76.1%) and the minority of SETs (23.5%) indicated receiving a dedicated course in AAC. Participants reported a preference for active learning activities, or a mix of active and passive learning, although specific preferences slightly differed between SLPs and SETs. Participants also indicated a desire for the incorporation of individuals from different disciplines in their preservice coursework. However, strategies for facilitating interactive learning between disciplines require further study.

Conclusion:

Study findings corroborate and extend existing research and methods for preservice AAC delivery.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24316996
Characteristics of partially filled Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Indenbom Mikhail V. , Pogossian Souren P.
Published: October 2023

In this work we have developed a technique for the measurement of the resonance curve of Helmholtz resonators as a function of filling with beads and sands of different sizes, and water as the reference. Our measurements allowed us to observe very different behaviors of resonance frequencies and resonance half-widths as a function of the size of the sand grains and the beads. By comparing results for beads and water we were able to prove that the sound penetrates the interstitial space between the beads. This was confirmed by measurements of the resonance properties in resonators filled with spherical beads whose experimentally determined filling factor is close to the random filling factor of about 0.54. The similar behavior of the frequency and half-width of resonance of sand-filled resonators of three different sizes allowed us to suggest that sound penetrates the sand in the same way as it does the beads.
Developments in the seismic CPT and links to the Ménard Pressuremeter Test
Authors: Robertson Peter K.
Published: October 2023

The seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) was developed in the early 1980s and significant developments have been made in its use and application. This paper provides a review of these developments with particular emphasis on its application to identify soil microstructure. The Ménard pre-bored pressuremeter test (PMT) is one of the most popular in situ tests in France and links between SCPT results and the PMT are suggested.
Finite element limit analysis: fundamentals and extensions
Authors: Krabbenhøft Kristian
Published: October 2023

The basic finite element formulations of upper and lower bound limit analysis are first reviewed with an emphasis on arriving at a unified formulation applicable to arbitrary yield criteria. A number of extensions are then reviewed: elastoplasticity (perfect and hardening), dynamics, and consolidation. In all cases, it is emphasized how these follow as direct extensions from limit analysis and may be treated using the same solution algorithms.
Traitement d’une barre métallique : un objectif pluridisciplinaire et un apprentissage progressif en BUT 2 GEII
Authors: Saisset Rémi , Selosse Stéphane , Friot Laurent , Le Bihan France
Published: October 2023

Le nouveau programme pédagogique du Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie (BUT) comprend des mo-dules de situation d’apprentissage et d’évaluation (SAé), en lien avec l’acquisition de compétences nécessaires en situa-tion professionnelle. Dans le cadre du BUT GEII (Génie Electrique et Informatique Industrielle), un parcours spécifique AII (Automatisme et Informatique Industrielle) permet de se spécialiser en automatisme et robotique. Dans ce cadre, un programme de 9 séances, dont 5 encadrées par un enseignant, a été mis au point et permet, de manière progressive, en faisant appel à différentes ressources pluridisciplinaires, de finaliser un projet global comportant à la fois des parties opératives réelles, avec des capteurs et actionneurs, un automate et un écran IHM, ainsi qu’un jumeau numérique en 3D du fonctionnement global du projet mis en place. Sur une durée volontairement limitée, les étudiants sont amenés à dé-velopper des compétences techniques diverses, à développer leurs interactions pour un travail d’équipe efficace et à s’auto former par le biais de séances en autonomie. Ce projet a globalement suscité un engouement très favorable de la part des étudiants, d’après l’étude de satisfaction réalisée, et a permis une rapide montée en compétences, et une immer-sion au plus proche des problématiques pouvant être rencontrées en entreprise.
Radiocommunication entre l’Université Montpellier et l’Antarctique : Crozet 2022
Authors: Jarrix Sylvie , Penarier Annick
Published: October 2023

Nous présentons ici un challenge unique de radiocommunication avec des îles isolées dans l’Antarctique sur des bandes de fréquences radioamateur. Cette entreprise, dite “projet Crozet”, est issue d’un appel à projet destiné aux étudiants pour établir une radiocommunication via le 1er satellite radioamateur QO-100. Outre les études techniques électroniques envisageables, cet évènement amène une sensibilisation au radioamateurisme et permet de montrer que des communications autour du globe sont possibles sans matériel sophistiqué. Pour l’Université de Montpellier, seule uni-versité à avoir répondu à l’appel à projet, c’est l’occasion également d’afficher un partenariat pérenne avec un radio-club de la région.
Enseignements hybrides basés sur des grains pour le développement de scénarios individualisés pour la remise à niveau en électronique
Authors: Landrault Alexis , Pasquier Christophe , Elmazria Omar , M’Jahed Hamid , Sarry Frédéric , Zaid Lakhdar
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente le contenu et les objectifs d’une approche originale dans le domaine de l’innovation pédagogique numérique dans un enjeu de mutualisation, d’échanges et d’actions en faveur de la réussite des étudiants. Cette approche a été développée dans le cadre du projet OpenING (Ouverture du cycle Préparatoire aux Enseignements Numériques en écoles d’INGénieurs) porté par la Fondation partenariale Polytech au nom des écoles du réseau Polytech et retenue par le Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation dans le cadre d’un appel à projets lancé par l’ANR. Ce projet se veut être un véritable accélérateur pour l’enseignement hybride au sein des écoles du réseau Polytech. La motivation de la démarche proposée est de produire des grains pédagogiques dans différentes disciplines et notamment en électronique pour la remise à niveau (à minima) des primo-arrivants en étude supérieure. À l’aide de ces grains, l’apprenant pourra revoir des bases de la matière et s’autoévaluer, l’objectif final étant de permettre aux étudiants de se familiariser aux pratiques de formation en ligne "autonomes" par l’acquisition de notions, la proposition de quiz et d’exercices ciblés. L’originalité de ce projet est de permettre aux apprenants en plus de suivre des grains théoriques, de réaliser des travaux pratiques en ligne en utilisant les principaux appareils d’instrumentation et de mesure. Un retour des premiers apprenants est proposé en fin d’article.
Les objets connectés pour (presque) tous
Authors: Gautier Matthieu , Berder Olivier , Le Page Claire
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente un enseignement sur les objets connectés. L’architecture du cours est relativement modulaire et permet ainsi d’adresser un large spectre d’étudiants souhaitant découvrir cette thématique. La pédagogie active est largement intégrée afin d’impliquer les étudiants dans la partie théorique et de réaliser un prototype d’objet ayant une finalité applicative. L’intégration de cet enseignement dans une école d’été internationale permet d’illustrer sa mise en œuvre et d’avoir le retour des étudiants.
Introduction aux éléments de contrôle / supervision d’une installation industrielle moderne à base de matériel et logiciels ouverts
Authors: Chevrie Jason , Lardenois Nicolas , Vermeiren Laurent
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente les éléments d’un dispositif pédagogique et les activités mises en place dans le cadre de séances de SAÉ (Situation d’Apprentissage et d’Évaluation) au 3e semestre du parcours Automatisme et Informatique Industrielle du Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie (BUT) spécialité Génie Electrique et Informatique Industrielle à l’IUT de Valenciennes. Ce dispositif a pour objectif d’introduire de manière simplifiée aux étudiants les différents éléments qu’ils pourraient être amenés à mettre en œuvre dans une situation professionnelle où ils auraient à concevoir la partie contrôle / supervision complète d’une installation industrielle. Le dispositif présente l’avantage d’individualiser le travail de chaque étudiant tout en restant à coût raisonnable en utilisant une base de cartes Raspberry Pi et Arduino et des logiciels gratuits et ouverts à la place de matériel ou logiciels industriels onéreux. Les activités proposées permettent de la part des étudiants une mobilisation de connaissances pluridisciplinaires tout en maintenant un fil directeur autour du dispositif. L’article décrit également des extensions possibles d’activités à mettre en œuvre avec ce dispositif si le temps le permet ou pour donner une coloration plus proche du parcours Électronique et Systèmes Embarqués. Les retours étudiants informels et à travers un questionnaire anonyme sont également présentés et des pistes d’amélioration des activités sont proposées.
On the eccentricity energy and eccentricity spectral radius of graphs with odd diameter
Authors: Qiu Leshi , Li Jianping , Zhang Jianbin
Published: October 2023

The eccentricity matrix of a graph is defined as the matrix obtained from its distance matrix by retaining the largest elements in each row and column, while the rest elements are set to be zero. The eccentricity eigenvalues of a graph are the eigenvalues of its eccentricity matrix, the eccentricity energy of a graph is the sum of the absolute values of its eccentricity eigenvalues, and the eccentricity spectral radius of a graph is its largest eccentricity eigenvalue. Let gn,d be the set of n-vertex connected graphs with odd diameter d, where each graph G in gn,d has a diametrical path whose center edge is a cut edge of G. For any graph G in gn,d, we construct a weighted graph Hω such that its adjacency matrix is just the eccentricity matrix of G, where H is the sequential join graph of the complement graphs of four disjoint complete graphs. In terms of the energy and spectral radius of the weighted graphs, we determine the graphs with minimum eccentricity energy, minimum and maximum eccentricity spectral radius in gn,d, respectively. As corollaries, we determine the trees with minimum eccentricity energy, minimum and maximum eccentricity spectral radius among all trees with odd diameter, respectively.
A Comparative Study on Child Welfare Policies in China, Britain and Japan
Authors: Su Bo
Published: October 2023

Child welfare is an indispensable part of every country’s social security system. In the social undertakings of every country, child welfare policies are also extremely important. The quality of child welfare policies not only affects the growth of children, but also has a subtle impact on the future of a country. Most Western countries have conducted research and implementation on child welfare earlier than China, placing greater emphasis on child welfare. China has a large population base and a large number of newborns born each year, making child welfare policies crucial. This article compares and analyzes the child welfare policies of China, the United Kingdom, and Japan, and draws inspiration from the relevant experiences of the UK and Japan for the development of child welfare in China.
Research of Public News Headlines’ Bias in the Context of New Media: Using “Weibo” Hot Search Headlines as a Case Study
Authors: Shen Xinyi
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the criteria for creating popular search headlines on Weibo have made it a socially controversial source of information. Using content analysis as the primary research method, this study seeks to systematically dissect the presentation of news topics within Weibo’s popular search headlines. Through a careful examination of news content, trends, and patterns, it aims to reveal the existence and dynamics of biases in news selection and presentation. Furthermore, this paper investigates the dissemination of public news and its complexity while exploring both internal and external factors contributing to deviations in the publication of public news headlines. It also strives to enrich our understanding of the significance of this platform and its potential impact on Chinese society. Insights gained from this research contribute to our understanding of the evolving patterns of news dissemination within the Chinese internet ecosystem. It underscores the importance of critically evaluating the role of digital platforms in shaping public discourse and information consumption, with a focus on bias issues and their broader societal implications.
How Mass Media Influences U.S. Political Polarization— A Comparison Study of CNN and Fox News
Authors: Yang Jinhe
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a study on how mass media, specifically CNN and Fox News, have influenced the polarization of American politics concerning environmental policies. The study used a qualitative approach to analyze the content of CNN and Fox News broadcasts related to environmental policies. The results show that CNN and Fox News have significantly contributed to the polarization of American politics, especially on issues related to public policy. While CNN emphasizes the need for environmental protection and regulation, Fox News focuses on the economic consequences of such regulations. These differing views have influenced the political attitudes of viewers and created a divide among the American public on environmental policies.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Management Policy for Depressed College Students Based on Family-School Interaction
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhang Xiaofang
Published: October 2023

Based on parents’ behavioral intention, the satisfaction of parents is divided into the cognitive dimension of policy interpretation, cue mutual verification, natural language and emotional dimension of authenticity, altruism and interaction. Combined with the previous research on the theory of caring for depressed students, the satisfaction model of depressed students’ parents is constructed. The data were collected through questionnaires and conducted using SPSS and AMOS. The results show that policy interpretability, cue mutuality and natural language have positive effects on parents’ perceived usefulness. Authenticity, altruism and interactivity of affective dimension have positive influence on the perceived trust of parents. Parents’ perceived usefulness has a positive effect on parents’satisfaction. Parents’ perceived trust has a positive effect on parents’satisfaction.
Analysis of the breakthrough of gender equality advertisement on gender stereotypes – Take PROYA’s 2021 advertisement film “It’s gender, not border” as an example
Authors: Yue Li
Published: October 2023

This paper adopts text analysis to interpret gender equality advertisements, and selects PROYA 2021 “It’s gender，not border” advertisement film as a research case to analyze its breakthrough in gender stereotypes. From the perspective of advertisement creation, the breakthrough of gender stereotypes in this advertisement film can be clearly divided into three stages including insight, questioning and denial, which presents, criticizes and breakthroughs the gender stereotypes layer by layer, which provides the significance of creating advertisements from women’s perspectives on the practical level.
Analysis of the Challenge in Fake News and Misinformation Regulation Comparative in Global Media Landscape
Authors: Chan Eugene
Published: October 2023

In the age of online social platforms, increasing interactions beyond the wildest imagination, dealing with fake news has been the most challenging. Perhaps the most visible victims of fake news today are political individuals and institutions. The delicate balance between regulation and respect of individual rights and maintenance of constitutionalism in various countries today creates a unique regulatory dilemma that allows for fake news and the use of it to continue thriving. At the same time, politicians and other institutions occupy a critical role in creating legislation towards combatting fake news. Such moves could significantly undermine the ability to observe some of the fundamental rights of individuals and the overall rule of democracy [1]. Misinformation and other cases of fake news have a relatively significant impact on societies. However, resolving fake news has proved not to be easy because of numerous issues, among them, being the need to preserve fundamental rights [2]. Desktop-based research has been conducted to achieve the objectives of this research. Critical to note that most of the information vital in completing this research is electronically availed. Hence, secondary sources of information have been utilized to reach conclusions on the existence of regulations and its effectiveness toward combating fake news in the three jurisdictions.