bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis: regulation by competition between NRF2 and BACH1 and propagation of the death signal
Authors: Nishizawa Hironari , Yamanaka Mie , Igarashi Kazuhiko
Published: February 2022

Ferroptosis is triggered by a chain of intracellular labile iron‐dependent peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids. Ferroptosis is important not only as a cause of ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases but also as a mechanism of cancer suppression, and a better understanding of its regulatory mechanism is required. It has become clear that ferroptosis is finely controlled by two oxidative stress‐responsive transcription factors, NRF2 (NF‐E2‐related factor 2) and BACH1 (BTB and CNC homology 1). NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) ‐GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)‐CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. In addition to this, NRF2 and BACH1 control ferroptosis through the regulation of lipid metabolism and cell differentiation. This multifaceted regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 and BACH1 is considered to have been acquired during the evolution of multicellular organisms, allowing the utilization of ferroptosis for maintaining homeostasis, including cancer suppression. In terms of cell–cell interaction, it has been revealed that ferroptosis has the property of propagating to surrounding cells along with lipid peroxidation. The regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 and BACH1 and the propagation phenomenon could be used to realize anticancer cell therapy in the future. In this review, these points will be summarized and discussed.
Evaluation and consideration of local specimen material properties in lifetime prediction of short fiber‐reinforced PA6T/6I
Authors: Stadler Gabriel , Primetzhofer Andreas , Pinter Gerald , Grün Florian
Published: February 2022

To exploit the full material potential of short fiber‐reinforced PA6T/6I, specific component calculations including anisotropic material behavior is necessary. For this, different failure criteria and fatigue models are used to describe the behavior during a component service life. This paper deals with the determination and consideration of fiber orientations (FOs) for failure criteria and fatigue calculations. Therefore, a novel method to determine FO distributions across injection‐molded plates is proposed. The developed method allows a forecast of FOs for different specimen extraction positions and angles on injection‐molded plates by using only a few measured reference points. As a result, fatigue models can be calibrated with the strength values and the corresponding FO, calculated for fracture position. The performed tests show a non‐negligible influence of failure positions, due to FO distributions along the specimens. So, the FO determination method delivers an improvement in strength values estimation.
Present and future bright and dark spots for coral reefs through climate change
Authors: Sully Shannon , Hodgson Gregor , van Woesik Robert
Published: February 2022

Marine heatwaves can cause coral bleaching and reduce coral cover on reefs, yet few studies have identified “bright spots,” where corals have recently shown a capacity to survive such pressures. We analyzed 7714 worldwide surveys from 1997 to 2018 along with 14 environmental and temperature metrics in a hierarchical Bayesian model to identify conditions that contribute to present‐day coral cover. We also identified locations with significantly higher (i.e., “bright spots”) and lower coral cover (i.e., “dark spots”) than regionally expected. In addition, using 4‐km downscaled data of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, we projected coral cover on reefs for the years 2050 and 2100. Coral cover on modern reefs was positively associated with historically high maximum sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), and negatively associated with high contemporary SSTs, tropical‐cyclone frequencies, and human‐population densities. By 2100, under RCP8.5, we projected relative decreases in coral cover of >40% on most reefs globally but projected less decline on reefs in Indonesia, Malaysia, the central Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji, and French Polynesia, which should be focal localities for multinational networks of protected areas.
Strong and lasting impacts of past global warming on baleen whales and their prey
Authors: Cabrera Andrea A. , Schall Elena , Bérubé Martine , Anderwald Pia , Bachmann Lutz , Berrow Simon , Best Peter B. , Clapham Phillip J. , Cunha Haydée A. , Dalla Rosa Luciano , Dias Carolina , Findlay Kenneth P. , Haug Tore , Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Hoelzel A. Rus , Kovacs Kit M. , Landry Scott , Larsen Finn , Lopes Xênia M. , Lydersen Christian , Mattila David K. , Oosting Tom , Pace Richard M. , Papetti Chiara , Paspati Angeliki , Pastene Luis A. , Prieto Rui , Ramp Christian , Robbins Jooke , Sears Richard , Secchi Eduardo R. , Silva Mónica A. , Simon Malene , Víkingsson Gísli , Wiig Øystein , Øien Nils , Palsbøll Per J.
Published: February 2022

Global warming is affecting the population dynamics and trophic interactions across a wide range of ecosystems and habitats. Translating these real‐time effects into their long‐term consequences remains a challenge. The rapid and extreme warming period that occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (7–12 thousand years ago) provides an opportunity to gain insights into the long‐term responses of natural populations to periods with global warming. The effects of this post‐LGM warming period have been assessed in many terrestrial taxa, whereas insights into the impacts of rapid global warming on marine taxa remain limited, especially for megafauna. In order to understand how large‐scale climate fluctuations during the post‐LGM affected baleen whales and their prey, we conducted an extensive, large‐scale analysis of the long‐term effects of the post‐LGM warming on abundance and inter‐ocean connectivity in eight baleen whale and seven prey (fish and invertebrates) species across the Southern and the North Atlantic Ocean; two ocean basins that differ in key oceanographic features. The analysis was based upon 7032 mitochondrial DNA sequences as well as genome‐wide DNA sequence variation in 100 individuals. The estimated temporal changes in genetic diversity during the last 30,000 years indicated that most baleen whale populations underwent post‐LGM expansions in both ocean basins. The increase in baleen whale abundance during the Holocene was associated with simultaneous changes in their prey and climate. Highly correlated, synchronized and exponential increases in abundance in both baleen whales and their prey in the Southern Ocean were indicative of a dramatic increase in ocean productivity. In contrast, the demographic fluctuations observed in baleen whales and their prey in the North Atlantic Ocean were subtle, varying across taxa and time. Perhaps most important was the observation that the ocean‐wide expansions and decreases in abundance that were initiated by the post‐LGM global warming, continued for millennia after global temperatures stabilized, reflecting persistent, long‐lasting impacts of global warming on marine fauna.
How to identify product defects and segment consumer groups on an online auto forum
Authors: Sun Bing , Mao Hongying , Yin Chengshun
Published: February 2022

China's automotive industry has entered a stage of great growth. Owing to the widespread and rapid information dissemination of online automotive forums, they have become an important source for manufacturers to collect product defect information and understand consumer preferences. The purpose of this study is to investigate car defect information and consumer preferences from online automotive forums and segment consumers based on consumer preferences, which holds great promise as a means for companies to improve product design and consumer relationship management. Based on text data of China's top‐ranked Pacific Auto Network, we applied the LDA model, sentiment analysis, text classification, and cluster analysis methods to determine the influencing factors of automobile consumers’ purchasing behavior, identified automobile product defects, and subdivided consumer groups. The results show that the factors affecting consumers’ car buying behavior are low fuel consumption, affordable price, superior performance, fashionable appearance, and comfortable use. Car product defects are mainly reflected in the three aspects of the car's performance, comfort, and configuration; there are six kinds of consumer groups: price seekers, fuel consumption seekers, performance seekers, comfort seekers, cost performance seekers, and appearance seekers. Of these, cost performance seekers make up the largest proportion, and they constitute the largest group of intention purchasers. These findings can help enterprises develop targeted product improvement programs, but also provide a decision‐making basis for enterprises to achieve precision marketing.
Vocation to Love: Supererogation in Aquinas
Authors: Rooney James Dominic
Published: February 2022

Thomas Aquinas’s account of religious vocation has been interpreted as involving a qualified duty, where ordinary people fall short of living up to the moral ideal of becoming a monk or nun. Such an account of religious vocation makes a hash of Aquinas’s thought and misses important aspects of his ethics. Aquinas holds that religious life is praiseworthy, but not morally required, because there are multiple sources of normativity. I conclude by proposing that, while elements of Aquinas’s notion of supererogation might be shared with other traditions in virtue ethics, his theological commitments are central to his notion of supererogation.
Psychological impact on care professionals due to the SARS‐Cov‐2 virus in Spain
Authors: Santolalla‐Arnedo Iván , Pozo‐Herce Pablo Del , De Viñaspre‐Hernandez Regina Ruiz , Gea‐Caballero Vicente , Juarez‐Vela Raúl , Gil‐Fernandez Guadalupe , Garrido‐Garcia Rebeca , Echaniz‐Serrano Emmanuel , Czapla Michał , Rodriguez‐Velasco Francisco José
Published: February 2022

Objective

To analyze the psychological impact of the SARS‐Cov‐2 pandemic on nurses in Spain in three different dimensions: exposure to stressors, perceived emotions, and stress coping.

Background

On March 11, 2019, the World Health Organization recognized a global pandemic caused by a SARS‐Cov‐2 virus, COVID‐19, which rapidly spread across the planet, involving a community health emergency of international scope.

Introduction

The pandemic situation in health centers has led to significant changes in the work environment, compromising care professionals’ physical and psychological health and resulting in strong physical and mental exhaustion.

Methods

An observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study was carried out, between February and April 2021, in a large sample of 1360 participants. The researchers conducted the dissemination of a validated questionnaire to working nurses in Spain.

Results

The sex variable in relation to the study dimensions (stressors, perceived emotions, and coping strategies) showed a mean for stressors of 62.2 ± 10.5 in women and 59.8 ± 12.5 in men (p = 0.010), showing statistically significant differences. Age was a protective factor for all dimensions (p < 0.001). Time of experience showed statistically significant differences for stressors and coping strategies in professionals with more than 15 years of experience.

Discussion

Female nurses who are younger, have less work experience, have not built a family of their own, and live in smaller or indoor flats may be more vulnerable to the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on their mental health. Other national and international studies, in this line, have shown an important psychological impact on these professionals.

Conclusion

It is necessary to design and adopt effective strategies and measures for the protection of nurses' mental health, as well as for the prevention and early diagnosis of possible mental health problems.
Brief report: Caregiver perceived physical activity preferences of adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Oreskovic Nicolas M. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis , Patsiogiannis Vasiliki , Santoro Stephanie L. , Nichols Dominica , Skotko Brian G.
Published: February 2022

Background

Adults with Down syndrome commonly have low levels of physical activity and face social barriers to engaging in physical activity, including boredom and companionship concerns. Adults with Down syndrome are at increased risk for several co‐occurring medial conditions known to benefit from physical activity, including obesity and dementia.

Method

This study surveyed 140 caregivers of adults with Down syndrome to determine the physical activity preferences of their adult with Down syndrome.

Results

Dancing was the most frequently caregiver‐reported physical activity preference for adults with Down syndrome, followed by walking and active video gaming. Rowing, using an elliptical machine, and jogging were the least preferred activities. Most caregivers reported that their adult with Down syndrome has a companion available for physical activity.

Conclusion

Promoting dance in adults with Down syndrome, a caregiver‐reported preferred form of physical activity, may help improve physical activity levels and decrease sedentary behaviours in this population.
Roles of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 in SH‐SY5Y cells with beta amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Chan Hong‐Hao , Leong Chee‐Onn , Lim Chooi‐Ling , Koh Rhun‐Yian
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, affects the elderly population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that depletion of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) expression reverted the AD phenotype in murine AD models. Necroptosis, executed by mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein and activated by RIPK1 and RIPK3, has been shown to be involved in AD. However, the role of RIPK1 in beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced necroptosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the role of RIPK1 in the SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ 1–40 or Aβ 1–42. We showed that Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death was independent of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Further analyses depicted that activation of RIPK1/MLKL‐dependant necroptosis pathway was observed in vitro. We demonstrated that inhibition of RIPK1 expression rescued the cells from Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death and ectopic expression of RIPK1 was found to enhance the stability of the endogenous APP. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Aβ can potentially drive necroptosis in an RIPK1‐MLKL‐dependent manner, proposing that RIPK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Native egg parasitoids on Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Spain: Potential biological control agents?
Authors: Ponce‐Herrero Laura , Farinha Ana Oliveira , Pando Fernández Valentín , Pajares Alonso Juan Alberto , Alves Santos Fernando Manuel
Published: February 2022

Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), commonly known as western conifer seed bug (WCSB), is an invasive pest in the Mediterranean, where it has been associated with the decline of Pinus pinea L. kernel production. A biological control of WCSB populations with native egg parasitoids may reduce economic losses. With the purpose to obtaining egg masses laid in situ bags with WCSB, adults were placed, for three consecutive years, in a clone bank, and for 1 year, in a pine forest in Central Spain. To estimate the impact of the parasitoid species on the WCSB population, four parasitism indexes were calculated. The WCSB activity period was estimated for two consecutive years in the clone bank through visual monitoring. Two native parasitoid species were found on the WCSB eggs: Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Ooencyrtus obscurus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The latter parasitoid species represents a new finding for WCSB eggs. In the clone bank, discovery efficiency of the egg masses, parasitism rate of the eggs, impact on host population and exploitation efficiency of the egg masses were significantly higher for O. obscurus than for O. pityocampae. In the pine forest, parasitism index values were also higher for O. obscurus, but significant differences were not found by species. Ooencyrtus obscurus reduced the WCSB population by 6.2%, down to 19.6%, while O. pityocampae reduced it by 1.0%, down to 11.5%. Predated eggs were recorded in both experimental sites in low amounts. Both native parasitoid species could be proposed as biological control agents (BCA) in a biological control programme (BCP) in Europe after measuring their effectiveness with laboratory assessments.
Progress and gaps: A systematic review of the family demographics and family subsystems represented in top family science journals 2008–2018
Authors: Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Duncan Jeneé C. , Bámaca Mayra Y. , Perez Roxana
Published: February 2022

Recent critiques suggest family science is operating on a narrow definition of family that privileges US/western‐centric perspectives and White, heteronormative, and nuclear families. Understanding that self‐assessment is key to scientific growth, this study systematically assessed the publication patterns of the top six family science journals across 10 years (2008–2018) along two dimensions: the socio‐demographics (continent/country, ethnic‐racial group, and LGBTQ) and family subsystems studied (couple, parent–child, coparental, sibling, kin, and overall family context). Of the 3932 coded studies, 85% included North American and Western European samples. Within U.S.‐based studies, White samples made up more than half of all research. Less than 3% of all coded studies focused on LGBTQ families. Most research focused on the parent–child and couple subsystems and less than 5% focused on kin or siblings. We provide a critical discussion regarding the need for more representation in family science journals, and recommendations for research methods, publication, and reporting requirements.
Novel design for local full‐thickness skin graft: optimizing donor sites of radial forearm free flap
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Zhu Chuandong , Rui Tao , Yuan Kaifang , Zhou Bin , Wang Youyuan
Published: February 2022

Objective

Donor site deformities remain the primary issues after radial forearm free flap (RFFF) translocations. This study introduced a local full‐thickness skin graft (FTSG) from an adjacent cutaneous area to manage RFFF donor sites and evaluated the esthetic and functional outcomes post‐operatively.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective study among patients undergoing ablative surgery for head and neck tumors followed by defect reconstruction using a RFFF. The RFFF donor site defects were covered by local FTSGs from the adjacent skins whose harvesting was assisted by a forearm model or traditional FTSGs from abdomen. The color matching degree, surgical scars, ranges of wrist movement, and grip strengths in donor forearms were assessed in two groups at twelve months after surgery.

Results

Patients undergoing local FTSGs recovery exhibited better color matching than those repaired by traditional FTSGs from the abdomen. In forearm model, the local FTSGs width should be less than 22% of the forearm circumference located 5 cm away from the center of Fossa cubitalis. All the local FTSGs transplanted with this technique showed primary or secondary healing.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated using this innovatively designed local FTSGs to close RFFF donor sites was more advantageous than traditional methods.
Subcontracting Network Formation Among U.S. Airline Carriers*
Authors: He Lei , Kosmopoulou Georgia
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we use Bayesian estimation to study subcontracting network formation and pricing decisions in the U.S. airline industry with DB1B data. We find that a major carrier is more likely to enter a route in subcontracting services if its rivals have already subcontracted while regional carriers prefer to avoid competition. For existing major carriers per‐route, self‐service and use of subsidiaries are complementary to subcontracting, while code‐sharing is a substitute. Carrier similarity and previously formed networks have significant impacts on new network formations. Taking potential endogeneity issues into account, we find that major carriers’ subcontracting decreases prices by 3.4%.
Timing of early childcare take‐up in Germany: An application of rational choice theory
Authors: Steinberg Hannah Sinja , Kleinert Corinna
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study investigates some of the mechanisms, which may explain social inequalities in the usage of early childhood education and care (ECEC) by focusing on a recently born child cohort born in Germany, a universal childcare regime.

Background

Research recognizes rational cost–benefit considerations as important for understanding social inequalities in educational decisions. Yet, given data limitations, we know relatively little about how these considerations are associated with inequalities in ECEC take‐up.

Thus, we model the decision to use ECEC as a rational cost–benefit investment strategy, which simultaneously affects the human capital of mothers and children.

Method

We test our assumptions with data from the newborn cohort of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), estimating the timing of first entry into ECEC, using discrete‐time event history models (N = 3257).

Results

Results indicate that cost–benefit calculations are relevant for the timing of ECEC take‐up, but do not explain social differences. Mothers who perceive ECEC as an investment in child development, and as an opportunity to maintain their own employment status use ECEC earlier. This association is particularly pronounced for more highly educated mothers.

Conclusion

Findings highlight mothers' awareness of future educational returns for ECEC decisions. Additionally, they illustrate the importance of the cultural and structural context for these decisions.
Parenting a child with a kidney transplant—A study of everyday life experiences
Authors: Agerskov Hanne , Thiesson Helle C. , Pedersen Birthe D.
Published: February 2022

Background

Kidney transplantation in children shows excellent long‐term outcomes. However, parents feel responsible for ensuring that their child adheres to complex medical interventions. The dual role – as both parent and medical caregiver – gives rise to fatigue, stress, and emotional pain. Parental and family functioning are critically important to a child's disease course, development and well‐being.

Objective

To explore the experiences and perspectives of mothers and fathers of children with a kidney transplant.

Design

An explorative study using a qualitative method.

Participants

Twelve parents (seven mothers and five fathers) of seven children with a kidney transplant.

Approach

A qualitative exploratory study taking a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.

Method

Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis, and critical interpretation and discussion.

Findings

Four themes were generated: Kidney transplantation as a turning point, the importance of a close collaboration with health care professionals, being the child's voice, and managing the dual role as a parent, and medical caregiver in everyday life.

Conclusion

Child kidney transplantation led to a transformation in the child, on the physical, mental, and social levels; however, the child was still in need of special attention and support. Problems with the kidney graft functioning resulted in frustration and disappointment in parents. Teamwork between a child's parents became evident, in coping with the dual role as a parent and medical caregiver. Parents aimed to maintain a clear structure related to medication and disease‐related treatment. A close and trustful relationship and collaboration with health care professionals were significant and included listening to the voice of the child.
DAVID NOVAK, NATURAL LAW, AND MEDIEVAL JEWISH PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Green Alexander
Published: February 2022

Among contemporary philosophers and theologians of Judaism, David Novak is renowned for his groundbreaking work on Jewish ethics, conceptualizing a natural law ethic derived from the sources of the Jewish tradition. One area that has been underexplored in Novak’s writings is his interpretation of medieval Jewish philosophy. This article demonstrates that Novak’s understanding of medieval Jewish philosophy is based on the conviction that medieval thought was incorrect on theoretical reason (physics and metaphysics), but correct on practical reason (ethics and law). He argues that one can discern two different and competing models of natural law ethics in the medieval period: Nachmanides’ minimalist model and Maimonides’ metaphysical model. He suggests that there are dangers to imposing Maimonides’ model through war on people who do not share the same metaphysical views. This is partly because ethics imposed with too much military force can easily be corrupted, even if the motivation is initially pure. Thus, while Novak thinks that Maimonides’ metaphysical natural law ethic is often deeper, as necessary for a state and especially with regard to sexual ethics, Nachmanides’ more limited model is often more prudent regarding the limits of applying it universally.
ARE MORAL VALUES OVERRIDING? HOW BEAUTY CHALLENGES ROBERT ADAMS’S THEORY OF VALUE
Authors: Jakobsen Martin
Published: February 2022

This article addresses the following meta‐ethical question: do moral values have a special position among other values? According to Robert Adams, moral values do have a special position and are of overriding importance. I argue that the "overridingness" thesis is inconsistent with Adams’s value theory that only God has value in himself and all other things are valuable to the extent that they resemble God. I consider some possible ways of integrating the overridingness thesis that are latent in Adams’s work and argue that none succeeds. My main contribution is to propose a solution to the inconsistency in Adams’s theory. I argue that a theological account of beauty gives us reason to reject the overridingness thesis. Morality overrides some other concerns, but not all other concerns.
TOWARD AN ECOCENTRIC CHRISTIAN ECOLOGY
Authors: Waters James W.
Published: February 2022

Anthropocentrism is an old and persisting problem for Christian ecology. This article argues that one way Christian ecological ethics can begin moving beyond anthropocentrism is by looking outside itself to other traditions that practice and observe a more ecocentric ethic. Specifically, it suggests an engagement with indigenous traditions of North America. Holding up the ecocentric tactics and discursive strategies employed by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (SRST) during the 2016 Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) protests the article shows how American Indian ecologies can help move Christians toward a more ecocentric worldview. It then examines the ways certain Christian groups approached their allyship with the SRST during the DAPL protests and asks which of these groups approached this case of interreligious, ecological resistance most effectively as allies. That is, it asks which Christian groups partnered with the SRST in ways that actually aided the protests and, additionally, fostered the possibility of learning from the SRST’s ecocentric, indigenous religious ecology. The aim is to provide an example of how collaborative, respectful, anticolonial dialogue and allyship can happen between Christian and indigenous eco‐activists in a way that is mutually beneficial.
Emergence and evolutions: Introducing sign language sociolinguistics
Authors: Kusters Annelies , Lucas Ceil
Published: February 2022

The sociolinguistics of sign languages parallels as well as complements the sociolinguistics of spoken languages. All of the key areas of sociolinguistics, such as multilingualism, language contact, variation, and language attitudes—are of immediate relevance to sign languages. At the same time, sign language researchers using a range of data sources and methods (e.g., sign language corpora, linguistic elicitation, and linguistic ethnography) have showed that the unique natures and features of sign languages allow us to look at all these areas from a different vantage point. First, deficit perspectives on deafness serve to sharply distinguish the reality of sign languages from that of spoken languages. The linguistic status of sign languages has been long contested, and certain forms of signing are still labeled “nonlanguage.” The delineation and differentiation of sign languages, and of sign languages from other signing practices (e.g., gesturing, home sign) has therefore been a key issue. Second, sign languages are used by both deaf and hearing people, in contexts where spoken/written languages, and increasingly also other sign languages are in use, leading to complex multimodal forms of sign–spoken, sign–written, and sign–sign language contact, and to hierarchical constellations of language attitudes and ideologies in relation to signed and spoken languages and variants.
Nurses' knowledge of heart failure self‐care education: A systematic review
Authors: Chi Suh Yenn , Soh Kim Lam , Raman Rosna Abdul , Ong Swee Leong , Soh Kim Geok
Published: February 2022

Background

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing, associated with high mortality and rehospitalization rate. The complexity and progressive clinical syndromes of heart failure have massively affected patients' quality of life. Heart failure self‐care education provided by nurses seems to improve patients' knowledge and the clinical outcomes despite being in critical care or community settings. Nurses often gained heart failure self‐care knowledge from formal and informal educational resources. However, the extent of knowledge acquired by nurses needs to be investigated before patient education could be successfully carried out.

Aims

This systematic review identified the nurses' knowledge of heart failure self‐care education according to the topics and factors that would be substantial to increase their knowledge.

Methods

Literature resources from Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 2002 to 2020 were studied and reviewed. This systematic review included nurses that take care of heart failure patients and studies that measured their knowledge score. The quality of all studies was determined using the JBI SUMARI Critical Appraisal tool, and a narrative approach was used to analyse the results.

Results

15 studies were selected, involving 1644 nurses that had experience in taking care of heart failure patients. The overall mean ± SD score of nurses' knowledges was unsatisfactory with 12.1 ± 2.7 to 17.3 ± 1.4, respectively, and it showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge after attending a heart failure speciality course or educational intervention. The majority of the nurses were uncertain about the deteriorating symptoms and fluid management for heart failure patients.

Conclusions

The nurses' level of knowledge was unsatisfactory, and therefore they need more in‐depth learning and understanding of the heart failure topic through educational interventional.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Critical care nurses needed to have in‐depth knowledge to recognize symptoms of deterioration in heart failure patients, especially during the decompensated stage.
Intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on mandible in orthognathic surgery
Authors: Chow WingYan , He Ze , Liu Yao , Song Jian , Xu ChunWei , Luo En
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The surgical condylar displacement often resulted in relapse and serious symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) after orthognathic surgery. To minimize the displacement, numerous techniques have been proposed. To verify their accuracy in positioning and effectiveness in preventing post‐operative TMD and relapse, we reviewed the literature related to intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on the mandible in this study.

Methods

The literature on condylar positioning techniques was reviewed with two charts, including the non‐computer‐assisted and the computer‐assisted positioning methods. The pre‐ and post‐operative alterations of condyles, the post‐operative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and surgical relapse were analysed regarding the techniques. The clinical usage and characteristics were reviewed as well.

Results

A total of 22 articles, including 907 patients, have been reported since 2001. Nearly all methods reach a considerable positioning accuracy within the range of 1‐2 mm and 1‐2° from the pre‐operative position. We ranked the accuracy of the methods from high to low: CAD/CAM CPDs > CAD/CAM titanium plate positioning > manual positioning > computer‐assisted navigation systems > imaging positioning systems. Most skeletal class II and class III patients achieved great occlusion and had no TMJ dysfunction or relapse after condylar positioning.

Conclusions

Both the non‐computer‐assisted and computer‐assisted condylar positioning techniques reach considerable accuracy in locating the pre‐operative condyle position and preventing TMJ dysfunction and surgical relapse. Different levels of surgeons and cases can benefit from multiple suggested positioning methods. Further research with large samples and long‐term follow‐up is worth looking forward to upgrading the current methods, improving the clinical utility and developing new positioning techniques.
The new European resuscitation council guidelines on newborn resuscitation and support of the transition of infants at birth: An educational article
Authors: Buis Maria L. , Hogeveen Marije , Turner Nigel M.
Published: February 2022

In this educational article, we summarize the changes in the new European Resuscitation Council guidelines on Newborn Resuscitation and Support of the Transition of Infants at Birth, emphasizing important aspects for the pediatric anesthesiologist including umbilical cord management, airway management, inflation pressure, and oxygen in relation with gestational age and situation. Using a fictitious case to illustrate the main points, we give a summary of the changes and the evidence behind them.
Out‐of‐hospital births and infant mortality in the United States: Effect measure modification by rural maternal residence
Authors: Way Elora A. , Carwile Jenny L. , Ziller Erika C. , Ahrens Katherine A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Out‐of‐hospital births have been increasing in the United States, and home births are almost twice as common in rural vs. urban counties. Planned home births and births in rural areas have each been associated with an increased risk of infant mortality.

Objectives

To estimate the effect of birth setting on infant mortality in the United States and how this is modified by rural‐urban county of maternal residence.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of infants born in the United States during 2010–2017 using the National Center for Health Statistics’ period‐linked birth‐infant death files. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models were used to calculate infant mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for out‐of‐hospital births vs. hospital births stratified by maternal residence. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated to assess effect measure modification on the additive scale.

Results

The study included 25,210,263 live births. Of rural births, 97.8% was in hospitals, 0.5% was in birth centres, and 1.5% was planned home births; of urban births, 98.6% was in hospitals, 0.5% was in birth centres, and 0.7% was planned home births. After adjusting for maternal demographics and markers of high‐risk pregnancy and stratifying by maternal residence, infant mortality rates were generally higher for out‐of‐hospital as compared to hospital births (e.g. rural planned home births aRR 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 1.85, and rural birth centre aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05, 1.68). There were positive additive effects of rural residence on infant mortality for planned home births and birth centre births.

Conclusions

Within both rural and urban areas, out‐of‐hospital births generally had higher rates of infant mortality than hospital births after accounting for maternal demographics and markers of high‐risk pregnancy. The risks associated with planned home births and birth centre births were more pronounced for women in rural counties.
Distributed sensemaking in network risk analysis
Authors: Taarup‐Esbensen Jacob
Published: February 2022

This article responds to the call advancing risk science as an independent research field, by introducing a conceptual model for risk analysis based on distributed sensemaking. Significant advances in recent decades have expanded the use of risk analysis to almost every organization globally. Continued improvements have been made to our understanding of risk, placing a wide range of contexts under organizational control. This article argues that four dimensions are central in how organizations make sense of uncertainty in their context and hence do risk analysis: the activities the organization engages in, their sensory systems, the role and competence of individuals, and the ability to coordinate information through organizational structures. The structure enables insight into the decision‐making process and the dimensions contributing to how organizations perceive risks and uncertainty in a given context. Three examples from the Arctic context illustrate the network risk analysis model's practical application and how it will expose weaknesses in these organizations’ risk analysis and decision‐making processes. Finally, the article discusses sensemaking in network risk analysis and how such an approach supports organizations’ ability to perceive, collect, process, and decide on changes in context.
Polarized Paths: ‘Selling’ Cycling in City and Suburb
Authors: McDougall Emma , Doucet Brian
Published: February 2022

While cycling infrastructure is increasingly integrated into North American cities, bike lanes are still met with considerable resistance. Contradictory housing concerns that bike lanes will either lower property values or spur gentrification are central to this ‘bikelash.’ Our research explores the ways in which cycling infrastructure is part of the development and consumption of housing and real estate in a growing mid‐sized region. Instead of analysing real estate data, we engage with real estate agents and developers to provide new insights into how cycling is ‘sold’ and marketed in both the home‐building and home‐buying processes. Central to this discussion is the stark difference between core urban areas, where the built environment is more conducive to cycling, and automobile‐oriented suburbs. Through this dichotomy, we examine differences based on demographics, as well as the active role that realtors and developers play in selling cycling as transportation, lifestyle, and recreation.
Silencing of Dicer‐like protein 2a restores the resistance phenotype in the rice mutant, sxi4 (suppressor of Xa21‐mediated immunity 4)
Authors: Liu Furong , Chern Mawsheng , Jain Rashmi , Martin Joel A. , Schakwitz Wendy S. , Ronald Pamela C.
Published: February 2022

The rice immune receptor XA21 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and upon recognition of the RaxX21‐sY peptide produced by Xoo, XA21 activates the plant immune response. Here we screened 21 000 mutant plants expressing XA21 to identify components involved in this response, and reported here the identification of a rice mutant, sxi4, which is susceptible to Xoo. The sxi4 mutant carries a 32‐kb translocation from chromosome 3 onto chromosome 7 and displays an elevated level of DCL2a transcript, encoding a Dicer‐like protein. Silencing of DCL2a in the sxi4 genetic background restores resistance to Xoo. RaxX21‐sY peptide‐treated leaves of sxi4 retain the hallmarks of XA21‐mediated immune response. However, WRKY45‐1, a known negative regulator of rice resistance to Xoo, is induced in the sxi4 mutant in response to RaxX21‐sY peptide treatment. A CRISPR knockout of a short interfering RNA (TE‐siRNA815) in the intron of WRKY45‐1 restores the resistance phenotype in sxi4. These results suggest a model where DCL2a accumulation negatively regulates XA21‐mediated immunity by altering the processing of TE‐siRNA815.
The heterogeneous effects of trade agreements with labour provisions
Authors: Timini Jacopo , Cortinovis Nicola , López Vicente Fernando
Published: February 2022

Do trade agreements with labour provisions affect trade differently from those without such provisions? Are their effects heterogeneous with respect to the level of development of the countries involved and the labour intensity of goods traded? In this paper, we implement a state‐of‐the‐art structural gravity model with intranational (i.e. domestic) trade and allow for heterogeneous effects depending on the level of enforceability of labour provisions (weak vs. strong provisions), sector (labour vs. non‐labour‐intensive goods), members’ development level (North vs. South) and combinations of the three dimensions. We show that, overall, the trade effects of trade agreements with labour provisions are larger than those without. However, we also find that while exports from the South to the North display a significant increase after a signature of a trade agreements with no or weak labour provisions, this is not the case if strong labour provisions are included in the agreement, and that such differences tend to be larger for labour‐intensive goods.
Comparison of immediate and short‐term outcomes of cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid lateralization in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis
Authors: Drudi Dario , Lisi Marta L. P. , Sommaruga Paolo , Chiti Lavinia E. , Massari Federico
Published: February 2022

Objective

To compare the immediate and short‐term outcomes of thyroarytenoid lateralization (TAL) and cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL) for the treatment of canine laryngeal paralysis in dogs.

Study design

A prospective, clinical trial.

Animals

Fourteen client‐owned dogs referred to our hospital because of bilateral laryngeal paralysis.

Methods

Dogs with confirmed laryngeal paralysis were randomly assigned to the CAL or TAL group. Video images of the rima glottidis obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively (t0), and 15 days postoperatively (t1) were digitized. The rima glottidis area was measured using image‐analysis software. An increase in the rima glottidis area was expressed as a percentage of the preoperative area.

Results

The rima glottidis area increased by a mean of 152% at t0 and 127% at t1 for the TAL group and 205% at t0 and 199% at t1 for the CAL group compared with preoperative values. The increase in the rima glottidis area differed (P < .05) between the 2 groups at all postoperative time points. A reduction of the area occurred at t1 in both groups. There was no difference between t0 and t1 (P > .05) in the CAL group but there was a large difference (P < .05) in the TAL group.

Conclusion

Cricoarytenoid lateralization and TAL were both effective for surgical abduction of the arytenoid cartilage. Although a reduction (P < .05) in the rima glottidis area occurred in the TAL group at t1, we observed no associated clinical signs.

Clinical significance

Cricoarytenoid lateralization and TAL result in good short‐term outcomes in dogs with laryngeal paralysis.
Caracterización de la tendencia del COVID-19 en Colombia con regresiones polinomiales
Authors: Cortés Martínez Ariel Emilio , Becerra Huertas Carmen Elisa
Published: February 2022

O
Objetivo. Desarrollar una serie de modelos polinomiales para seguir el comportamiento del crecimiento y tendencia de la curva de contagios y muertes por COVID-19 en Colombia. Métodos. Se utilizó la recolección diaria de los datos informados de contagiados confirmados y fallecidos diarios por COVID-19 entre el 06 de marzo y el 10 de abril de 2021. Para el análisis de predicción se utilizaron funciones polinomiales desarrolladas en Excel. Resultados. De las seis funciones polinomiales evaluadas el polinomio con mayor nivel de determinación es el de grado 6 según el R2 ajustado. Se realizaron predicciones teniendo en cuenta las funciones polinomiales acumuladas de contagiados confirmados y fallecidos. Conclusión. Los modelos de fácil construcción en Excel como las funciones polinomiales, son útiles para la vigilancia de eventos de salud pública facilitando la toma de decisiones oportunas.
Free Response of a Rotational Nonlinear Energy Sink Coupled to a Linear Oscillator: Fractality, Riddling, and Initial-Condition Sensitivity at Large Initial Displacements
Authors: Ding Ke , Pearlstein Arne J.
Published: February 2022

For large initial rectilinear displacements, we investigate free response of a linear oscillator inertially coupled to a rotational nonlinear energy sink (NES). Absent direct rectilinear damping, two ranges of orbitally stable solutions are accessible, in contrast to one range at lower, intermediate energies (2021, J. Appl. Mech. 88, 121009). As at lower initial energies, fractal and riddled basins of attraction are identified for both previously considered numerical combinations of the two dimensionless parameters (characterizing rotational damping, and coupling of rotational to rectilinear motion). In this case, however, the final amplitude, in addition to the final angular orientation, displays initial-condition sensitivity. For one parameter combination, most motionless initial conditions (MICs, with the masses of the linear oscillator and NES both initially at rest) lead to a discrete set of “special” orbitally stable solutions with one of two amplitudes, and no MICs lead to complete dissipation of initial energy. For the other combination, the results are similar to those at intermediate initial energies, with no MICs leading to special solutions, and many leading to complete dissipation. Results for both parameter combinations strongly suggest that no qualitatively new behavior occurs for initial energies beyond those considered here, with nonrotating asymptotic special-amplitude solutions having larger rectilinear amplitude either not existing or existing in only very small parts of the MIC space. With direct damping of rectilinear motion, transient chaos leads to initial-condition sensitivity of settling time, with the case of no direct rectilinear damping providing good guidance to damped-case behavior.