bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annexin A1 mediates the anti‐adhesive effects of dexamethasone during the cell–cell interaction between the all‐trans retinoic acid‐treated acute promyelocytic leukemic cells and endothelial cells
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Hui , Lai Shu‐Lien , Li I‐Ting , Chien Hong‐Yu , Shih Chung‐Hung , Kou Yu Ru , Hsu Hui‐Chi
Published: September 2012

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an important anti‐inflammatory mediator during granulocytic differentiation in all trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) treated acute promyelocytic leukemic (APL) cells. Dexamethasone has been used successfully to prevent complications in ATRA‐treated APL patients, although its mechanism of action is still not clear. In the present study, we have examined the effect of dexamethasone on the modulation of AnxA1 in ATRA‐APL NB4 (ATRA‐NB4) cells, ATRA‐NB4 cells‐derived microparticles (MPs) and its role during cell–cell interaction between ATRA‐NB4 cells and endothelial cells. Our results have shown that dexamethasone can inhibit the percentage of ATRA‐NB4 cells expressing surface AnxA1 and its receptor FPR2/ALX in a time‐dependent manner based on flow cytometric analysis. However, dexamethasone treatment of ATRA‐NB4 cells has no significant effect on the level of AnxA1 mRNA, the total cellular level of AnxA1 protein or the release of AnxA1 from these cells, as determined by RT‐PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. Further studies demonstrate that dexamethasone is able to significantly inhibit the adhesion of ATRA‐NB4 cells to endothelial cells, and this anti‐adhesive effect can be inhibited if the cells were pre‐treated with a neutralizing antibody specific for AnxA1. Finally, dexamethasone also enhances the release of AnxA1‐containing MPs from ATRA‐NB4 cells which can in turn prevent the adhesion of the ATRA‐NB4 cells to endothelial cells. We conclude that biologically active AnxA1 originating from dexamethasone‐treated ATRA‐APL cells and their MPs plays an anti‐adhesive effect and this contributes to inhibit the adhesion of ATRA‐APL cell to endothelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 551–557, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of NOS3 in RA‐Induced neural differentiation of human NT2/D1 cells
Authors: Jezierski Anna , Deb‐Rinker Paromita , Sodja Caroline , Walker P. Roy , Ly Dao , Haukenfrers Julie , Sandhu Jagdeep K. , Bani‐Yaghoub Mahmud , Sikorska Marianna
Published: September 2012

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in neurogenesis as a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. NO is synthesized from the amino acid L‐arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3), which are encoded by separate genes and display different tissue distributions. We used an in vitro model of RA‐induced neural differentiation of NT2 cells to examine which of the three NO‐synthesizing enzymes is involved in this process. The results revealed a transient induction of NOS3 (known as the constitutively expressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase; eNOS) during the time course of the RA treatment. The peak of gene expression and the nuclear presence of NOS3 protein coincided with cell cycle exit of NT2‐derived neuronal precursors. The subsequent analysis of cytosine methylation and histone H3 acetylation of the human NOS3 5′ regulatory sequences indicated that epigenetic modifications, especially upstream of the proximal promoter (−734 to −989, relative to exon 2 TSS at +1), were also taking place. NOS1 was expressed only in the differentiated neurons (NT2‐N), whereas NOS2 was not expressed at all in this cellular model. Thus, a burst of NO production, possibly required to inhibit neural cell proliferation, was generated by the transient expression of NOS3. This pattern of gene expression, in turn, required epigenetic remodeling of its regulatory region. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statewide and local recruitment of mourning doves in Missouri
Authors: Schulz John H. , Bonnot Thomas W. , Mong Tony W. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: September 2012

Intensive harvests have the potential to greatly affect local mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) populations, a popular gamebird and songbird. To evaluate if recruitment was commensurate with harvest, we applied a ratio‐based method to estimate local and statewide mourning dove recruitment across 7 public hunting areas in Missouri from 2005 to 2011. We estimated recruitment from preharvest adult sex ratios and harvest age ratios that incorporated various methods to address potential inherent biases (e.g., bias in the adults of unknown sex in preharvest samples, bias in unknown age wings, and local differential vulnerability; DV). Data from 356 radio‐marked doves revealed a DV rate, where hatch year doves were, on average 2.7× more likely to be harvested than adult doves. Recruitment estimates for local areas were highly variable and in some cases, biologically unrealistic (e.g., >10 offspring/female), because of small preharvest sample sizes. However, data pooled statewide provided recruitment estimates of 3.1 offspring/female (±0.3 SE) or 4.1 offspring/female (±0.3 SE), assuming samples of unknown sex doves were female biased or male biased, respectively. Although statewide estimates agree with directly observed rates, the sex ratios and differential vulnerability comprising them vary considerably from what has been previously assumed. Whether preharvest sex ratios are biased from trapping methods has 2 important implications; either regional approaches have overestimated recruitment or the number of females in Missouri's population is much less than originally thought. Because each of these scenarios are important to understanding the effects of regional harvest management on Missouri's dove population, they highlight the importance of a better understanding of biases involved in estimating recruitment. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Idiopathic ulcerative laryngitis causing midmembranous vocal fold granuloma
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Sulica Lucian
Published: September 2012

Idiopathic ulcerative laryngitis (IUL) is characterized by bilateral midmembranous vocal fold ulceration, which follows upper respiratory infection with cough. In contrast, granuloma of the membranous vocal fold can occur rarely following microlaryngoscopy, presumably secondary to surgical violation of deep tissue planes. We report a novel case of noniatrogenic membranous vocal fold granulation developing in a patient with IUL. Although the presence of granulation implied injury to the entire microstructure of the vibratory portion of the vocal fold, the lesion resolved with conservative management without adverse sequelae.
Remarkable differences between three evidence‐based guidelines on management of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Aarts Mark C. J. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. , Rovers Maroeska M. , Grolman Wilko
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to compare available guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) regarding their content, conclusions on the available evidence, and recommendations.

Study Design:

Literature review/systematic review.

Methods

We retrieved guidelines from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Web sites of several health care improvement centers and with a Google Scholar search. We appraised the quality of selected guidelines according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument. For similar clinical questions we compared the conclusions, the attached levels of evidence, and the references used. If differences were found, we checked search strategies, appraisal criteria, and publication date as possible sources for these differences.

Results

We selected the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS of the Scottish Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement in the United States for this comparison. For similar clinical questions these three guidelines showed conflicting conclusions (11%–18%), differences in attached levels of evidence (32%–62%), and remarkable discrepancies in cited studies. A plausible reason for these differences is the citation preference for articles from members of the guidelines workgroup and from their own country. Despite different publication dates, more recent guidelines fail to cite earlier published guidelines.

Conclusions

Despite the generally accepted approach regarding the development of evidence‐based guidelines, remarkable differences exist between guidelines from different countries on the same clinical subject. Laryngoscope, 2013
The influence of a vestibular dysfunction on the motor development of hearing‐impaired children
Authors: De Kegel Alexandra , Maes Leen , Baetens Tina , Dhooge Ingeborg , Van Waelvelde Hilde
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To identify the predictive ability of vestibular function test results on motor performance among hearing‐impaired children.

Study Design:

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods:

Fifty‐one typically developing children and 48 children with a unilateral (n = 9) or bilateral hearing impairment (n = 39) of more than 40 dB HL between 3 and 12 years were tested by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (M ABC‐2), clinical balance tests, posturography, rotatory chair testing, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). From the group of hearing‐impaired children, 23 had cochlear implants.

Results:

Balance performance on M ABC‐2, clinical balance tests, as well as the sway velocity assessed by posturography in bipedal stance on a cushion with eyes closed and in unilateral stance differed significantly between both groups. Presence of a VEMP response is an important clinical parameter because comparison of the motor performance among hearing‐impaired children between those with present and absent VEMPs showed significant differences in balance performance. The three most important predictor variables on motor performance by bivariate regression analyses are the vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain value of the rotatory chair test at 0.01 and 0.05 Hz frequency, as well as the VEMP asymmetry ratio. Multivariate regression analyses suggest that the VOR asymmetry value of the rotatory chair test at 0.05 Hz and the etiology of the hearing loss seem to have additional predictive value.

Conclusions:

Hearing‐impaired children are at risk for balance deficits. A combination of rotatory chair testing and VEMP testing can predict the balance performance.
Laryngeal pathologies in older Korean adults and their association with smoking and alcohol consumption
Authors: Byeon Haewon , Lee Yunhwan
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

This study's objectives were to assess the prevalence rate of laryngeal pathologies in the Korean elderly, and to examine the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with laryngeal diseases.

Study Design:

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods:

Data were from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Subjects were 663 elderly persons (261 men and 402 women) between the ages of 65 and 84 years who completed the laryngoscopic examination. Weighted prevalence of laryngeal pathologies was compared by demographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and self‐reported voice problems. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the independent as well as combined influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on laryngeal lesions.

Results:

The prevalence of laryngeal pathologies in the Korean elderly between the ages of 65 and 84 years was 8.1%. The prevalence of laryngeal lesions increased with age and was higher among men, middle school and high school graduates, manual workers, current smokers, current alcohol drinkers, and those with self‐reported voice problems. Adjusting for covariates, current smokers, compared with nonsmokers, were more likely to have laryngeal pathologies (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–4.67). Current alcohol drinking was not independently associated with laryngeal diseases. Concurrent smoking and alcohol drinking, however, were associated with a significantly higher risk of laryngeal pathologies (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.22–8.88).

Conclusions:

Smoking and alcohol consumption may increase the risk of laryngeal diseases in later life.
Spectrum of immune‐mediated inner ear disease and cochlear implant results
Authors: Malik Mohammad U. , Pandian Vinciya , Masood Hamid , Diaz David A. , Varela Voss , Dávalos‐Balderas Alfredo José , Parra‐Cardenas Martha , Seo Phillip , Francis Howard W.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To characterize the progression of hearing loss in patients with immune‐mediated inner ear disease (IMIED), and to identify disease‐ and patient‐specific factors associated with cochlear implant (CI) performance.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Subjects consisted of CI patients suspected to have lost their hearing due to IMIED. The primary dependent variable for functional decline was time to deafness, whereas for CI benefit it was post‐CI speech perception scores. Independent variables included presence or absence of systemic autoimmune disease, age at CI, and insertion depth of the cochlear electrode.

Results:

A transient favorable response to immunosuppressive therapy was reported in 16 of 26 patients (66.67%). The time to deafness differed between an organ (ear)‐specific immune‐mediated group, a systemic immune‐mediated group including Cogan syndrome and relapsing polychondritis (subgroup A), and a systemic immune‐mediated group associated with other autoimmune diseases (subgroup B; P = .001). Disease group (−15.52; P = .04), insertion depth of the CI electrode (40.71; P = .01), and the age at CI (−0.48, P = .05) were associated with speech perception results.

Conclusions:

Triaging IMIED cases based on presence and type of systemic autoimmune disease may aid in selecting a management strategy. Knowledge about the predictors of CI outcome will help clinicians select appropriate patients for CIs. In the setting of significant and irreversible hearing deficit, the restoration of hearing using a cochlear prosthesis may be appropriate earlier rather than later.
Diagnostic significance of narrow‐band imaging for detecting high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Yang Shih‐Wei , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Liang‐Che , Hwang Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Tai‐An
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the established patterns of intraepithelial microvasculature of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) in diagnosing upper aerodigestive tract neoplasm of the squamous epithelium for detecting high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma in oral leukoplakia.

Study Design:

Retrospective case‐control study.

Methods:

Using histopathological findings as the standard, clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and 3 different but established NBI criteria were compared and evaluated statistically.

Results:

A total of 414 patients, including 365 males and 49 females, with mean age of 52.15 ± 10.75 years, were enrolled. The odds ratio of detecting high‐grade dysplasia and carcinomatous lesions by twisted elongation of intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) and IPCL pattern destruction was 95.53 (confidence interval 95%: 42.19–216.29), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.62%, 94.56%, 74.32%, 97.06%, and 93.0%, respectively, which were significantly better than the other two established NBI criteria (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The NBI images of twisted elongation of IPCL and IPCL pattern destruction are indicators of high‐grade dysplasia or carcinomatous lesions in oral leukoplakia.
First bite syndrome caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland
Authors: Guss Joel , Ashton‐Sager Amanda L. , Fong Bryan P.
Published: September 2012

First bite syndrome is a well‐described sequelae of parapharyngeal space surgery, thought to result from sympathetic denervation of the parotid gland. We describe a case of first bite syndrome caused by an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland. The tumor was not clinically or radiographically apparent until 18 months after initial presentation despite repeated imaging. In patients with first bite syndrome and no surgical history, there must be high suspicion for a malignancy, which may be occult on presentation. The submandibular gland should be considered as a possible site of a lesion.
Confinement Effects on the Molecular Dynamics of Liquid‐Crystalline Polymethacrylates—A Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Turky Gamal , Wolff Dietmar , Schönhals Andreas
Published: September 2012

The molecular dynamics of liquid‐crystalline polymethacrylates with biphenyl in the side group forming a highly ordered smectic E phase at low temperatures is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy (DS). Although no glass transition is found by DSC, DS detects a relaxation in the smectic E phase resembling to glassy dynamics. The temperature dependence of its relaxation rate is Arrhenius like at low temperatures, which changes to a VFT law at higher temperatures. Such a behavior is found to be characteristic for glassy dynamics in confining space. It is discussed, considering the structure of the polymers as nanobiphasic consisting of liquid‐crystalline layers while the backbones fill the interlayer space. A comparison is made to polymethacrylates having phenyl benzoate as mesogen.
Clifford algebras, Fourier transforms, and quantum mechanics
Authors: De Bie H.
Published: September 2012

In this review, we give an overview of several recent generalizations of the Fourier transform, related to either the Lie algebra or the Lie superalgebra . In the former case, one obtains scalar generalizations of the Fourier transform, including the fractional Fourier transform, the Dunkl transform, the radially deformed Fourier transform, and the super Fourier transform. In the latter case, one has to use the framework of Clifford analysis and arrives at the Clifford–Fourier transform and the radially deformed hypercomplex Fourier transform.

A detailed exposition of all these transforms is given, with emphasis on aspects such as eigenfunctions and spectrum of the transform, characterization of the integral kernel, and connection with various special functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computable exact bounds for linear outputs from stabilized solutions of the advection–diffusion–reaction equation
Authors: Parés Núria , Díez Pedro , Huerta Antonio
Published: September 2012

The paper introduces a methodology to compute strict upper and lower bounds for linear‐functional outputs of the exact solutions of the advection–diffusion–reaction equation. The bounds are computed using implicit a posteriori error estimators from stabilized finite element approximations of the exact solution. The new methodology extends the a posteriori error estimates yielding bounds for the standard Galerkin formulation to be able to obtain bounds for stabilized formulations. This methodology is combined with both hybrid‐flux and flux‐free techniques for error assessment. The application to stabilized formulations provides sharper estimates than when applied to Galerkin methods. The best results are found in combination with the flux‐free technique. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of thermomechanical solids with highly conductive energetic interfaces
Authors: Javili A. , McBride A. , Steinmann P.
Published: September 2012

Interfaces within a solid can play a significant role in the overall response of a body. The influence of an interface increases as the scale of the problem decreases. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of the interface can differ significantly from those of the surrounding bulk. Such effects are described here using interface elasticity theory. The objective of this contribution is to detail the computational aspects of modelling thermomechanical solids with highly conductive energetic interfaces. The interface is termed energetic in the sense that it possesses its own energy, entropy, constitutive relations and dissipation. The equations governing the fully nonlinear, transient problem are given. They are then solved using an efficient finite element scheme. Full details of the consistent linearisation of the nonlinear governing equations are provided. Key features of highly conductive energetic interfaces are then elucidated via a series of three‐dimensional numerical examples. In particular and in contrast to highly conductive thermal interfaces, it is clearly shown that a jump in the heat flux across the interface is possible even in the absence of a heat flux along the interface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Edible red Alga, Gracilaria verrucosa, Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and ROS Production, but Improves Glucose Uptake in 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Woo Mi‐Seon , Choi Hyeon‐Son , Lee Ok‐Hwan , Lee Boo‐Yong
Published: September 2012

Gracilaria verrucosa is a red alga that is widely distributed in seaside areas of many countries. We examined the effect of G. verrucosa extract on adipogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 cells. Oil red O staining and a nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed that G. verrucosa extract inhibited lipid accumulation and ROS production, respectively. mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha, as well as of their target gene, adipocyte protein 2, were reduced upon treatment with G. verrucosa extract. However, G. verrucosa extract increased glucose uptake, glucose transporter‐4 expression, and AMP‐activated protein kinaseα (AMPKα) phosphorylation compared to the control. Our results suggest that the anti‐adipogenic and insulin‐sensitive effects of G. verrucosa extract can be recapitulated to activation of AMPKα. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contamination of Polyvinyl Chloride Cling Films from Cardboard Packaging
Authors: Guazzotti Valeria , Piergiovanni Luciano , Vestrucci Gianluigi , Limbo Sara
Published: September 2012

An analytical screening was undertaken with the aim of investigating the occurrence of di‐isobutylphthalate (DIBP) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cling films for food contact applications and its source of contamination throughout a converting process. Although raw plastic materials used by producers are free from phthalates and analytical evidences confirm their absence after the extrusion process, DIBP can be found in final rolls packaged into cardboard packaging during storage.

A solvent extraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was applied on several intermediate products and at different stages taken from the converting process, with the aim of identifying the source of contamination. Different cardboard cores and folding cardboards made of recycled fibres were analyzed, and some of them resulted highly contaminated by DIBP. The storage of final cling films with these materials increased DIBP transfer into PVC.

To investigate the possible DIBP transfer mechanism from contaminated paper and adsorption by plastic materials through the gas phase, kinetic experiments were performed in a model system. Results obtained at 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C showed a considerable uptake of DIBP into PVC; Weibull model parameters estimated from the experimental data suggested an initial rate of the process dependent on temperature. In addition, to evaluate the partitioning behaviour, adsorption isotherms of DIBP into paper, PVC and low low density polyethylene (LLDPE) cling film were obtained at 40 °C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive prior variance calibration in the Bayesian continual reassessment method
Authors: Zhang Jin , Braun Thomas M. , Taylor Jeremy M.G.
Published: September 2012

The use of the continual reassessment method (CRM) and other model‐based approaches to design Phase I clinical trials has increased owing to the ability of the CRM to identify the maximum tolerated dose better than the 3 + 3 method. However, the CRM can be sensitive to the variance selected for the prior distribution of the model parameter, especially when a small number of patients are enrolled. Although methods have emerged to adaptively select skeletons and to calibrate the prior variance only at the beginning of a trial, there has not been any approach developed to adaptively calibrate the prior variance throughout a trial. We propose three systematic approaches to adaptively calibrate the prior variance during a trial and compare them via simulation with methods proposed to calibrate the variance at the beginning of a trial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling zero‐inflated count data using a covariate‐dependent random effect model
Authors: Wong Kin‐Yau , Lam K.F.
Published: September 2012

In various medical related researches, excessive zeros, which make the standard Poisson regression model inadequate, often exist in count data. We proposed a covariate‐dependent random effect model to accommodate the excess zeros and the heterogeneity in the population simultaneously. This work is motivated by a data set from a survey on the dental health status of Hong Kong preschool children where the response variable is the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. The random effect has a sound biological interpretation as the overall oral health status or other personal qualities of an individual child that is unobserved and unable to be quantified easily. The overall measure of oral health status, responsible for accommodating the excessive zeros and also the heterogeneity among the children, is covariate dependent. This covariate‐dependent random effect model allows one to distinguish whether a potential covariate has an effect on the conceived overall oral health condition of the children, that is, the random effect, or has a direct effect on the magnitude of the counts, or both. We proposed a multiple imputation approach for estimation of the parameters. We discussed the choice of the imputation size. We evaluated the performance of the proposed estimation method through simulation studies, and we applied the model and method to the dental data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of load models and power factor control on optimal sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators in a distribution system
Authors: Hengsritawat Vichakorn , Tayjasanant Thavatchai
Published: September 2012

This paper studies the impact of optimal sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators (PV‐DGs) on a distribution system using different static load models (i.e., constant power, constant current, and constant impedance) and various power factor (PF) operations. A probabilistic approach with Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to obtain the optimal size of PV‐DG. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to predict the solar radiation, ambient temperatures, and load demands. The objective is to minimize average system real power losses, with the power quality constraints not exceeding the limits, i.e. voltage and total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) at the point of common coupling (PCC). A modified Newton method and a classical harmonic flow method are employed to calculate the power flow and THDv values, respectively. An actual 51‐bus, medium‐voltage distribution system in Thailand is employed as a test case. Results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well to provide the optimal size of PV‐DG based on technical constraints. Further, the results show that the three static load models do not affect the optimal PV‐DG size but the model has a different impact for various PF operations. PV‐DGs may improve the voltage regulation and decrease the losses in distribution systems practically, but the THDv values could increase. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Noise‐immune dual‐rail dynamic circuit for wide fan‐in gates in asynchronous designs
Authors: Peiravi Ali , Asyaei Mohammad
Published: September 2012

Dual‐rail dynamic logic circuits can provide inverting and noninverting outputs, especially for asynchronous designs, to implement complicated gates at the cost of approximately doubling the area and power consumption. In this paper, a new dual‐rail dynamic circuit is proposed which has lower die area consumption and higher noise immunity without dramatic speed degradation for even wide fan‐in gates for asynchronous circuits. The main idea in the proposed circuit is that voltage due to the current of the pulldown network (PDN) is compared with the reference voltage to provide two complementary outputs. The reference voltage almost corresponds to the leakage current of the PDN with all transistors being off. The proposed circuit is compared with conventional dual‐rail circuits such as differential domino logic and differential cross‐coupled domino logic. Simulation results for 32‐bit‐wide OR gates designed using high‐performance 16‐nm predictive technology model demonstrate significant performance advantages such as 66% power reduction and at least 2.86× noise‐immunity improvement at the same delay compared to the differential domino circuits. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A DC‐side damping control method for power converters to suppress resonance in DC power network
Authors: Xu Jin , Sato Yukihiko
Published: September 2012

This paper describes a damping control method of power converters for suppression of resonance in DC power network. The resonance occurs when a resonant frequency of the DC distribution line coincides with the frequency of the harmonic or interharmonic components generated by the power converters. For detailed investigation, a combined system which consists of a pulse‐width modulated (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter is treated as the simplest example. To suppress the resonance, a DC‐side damping control method is proposed and its implementation and design method are discussed in detail. Then, the proposed damping control method is applied to the combined system of a PWM rectifier and a PWM inverter. Experimental results verify the validity and practicability of the proposed damping control method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
We're all adults here: Clarifying and maintaining boundaries with adult learners
Authors: Booth Melanie , Schwartz Harriet L.
Published: September 2012

Working with adult learners presents a unique set of interpersonal boundary questions. This chapter considers characteristics of adult learners, relevant frameworks for considering boundaries, and four specific strategies to help instructors increase clarity and intention regarding boundaries with adult students.
Crossing boundaries in doctoral education: Relational learning, cohort communities, and dissertation committees
Authors: Holloway Elizabeth L. , Alexandre Laurien
Published: September 2012

This chapter explores the critical nature of relational learning and boundary crossing in a doctoral program that combines low‐residency and community online learning.
Science‐based parameterizations for dynamical spatiotemporal models
Authors: Leeds William B. , Wikle Christopher K.
Published: September 2012

Most real‐world processes change with time, and the manner in which they change through time often depends on their location in space. Statistical models for such spatiotemporal processes fall into one of two broad categories: descriptive spatiotemporal models and dynamic spatiotemporal models. Descriptive spatiotemporal models are based on the joint specification of first‐order and second‐order moments (i.e., mean and covariance, respectively). Dynamical spatiotemporal models specify the joint distribution through a series of conditional probability models that model the current process conditioned on the process at the previous time point(s). A common pitfall with dynamic spatiotemporal models is the so‐called curse of dimensionality, where the number of parameters in the model can increase by orders of magnitude as the number of spatial locations increase. As a result, dynamic spatiotemporal models are over‐parameterized in most situations. However, dynamical models being truer to the etiology of the scientific process than descriptive models, it is typically easier to use a priori knowledge of the process dynamics to motivate statistical parameterization, reducing the dimensionality of the parameter space and overcoming the curse of dimensionality. We provide an overview of several methods of using a priori scientific knowledge to motivate the parameterization of a dynamic spatiotemporal model, including mechanistically motivated statistical modeling, computer models, and computer model emulation. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:554–560. doi: 10.1002/wics.1227

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Principal component analysis for interval data
Authors: Billard L. , Le‐Rademacher J.
Published: September 2012

Principal component analysis for classical data is a method used frequently to reduce the effective dimension underlying a data set from p random variables to s ≪ p linear functions of those p random variables and their observed values. With contemporary large data sets, it is often the case that the data are aggregated in some meaningful scientific way such that the resulting data are symbolic data (such as lists, intervals, histograms, and the like); though symbolic data can and do occur naturally and in smaller data sets. Since symbolic data have internal variations along with the familiar (between observations) variation of classical data, direct application of classical methods to symbolic data will ignore much of the information contained in the data. Our focus is to describe and illustrate principal component methodology for interval data. The significance of symbolic data in general and of this article in particular is illustrated by its applicability for our analysis of three key 21st century challengers: networks, security data, and translational medicine. It is relatively easy to visualize the applicability to security data and translational medicine, though less easy to visualize its applicability to networks. Since an interval is typically denoted by (a,b), in a network interval, we let a be a pair of nodes and b be their edge with characteristics c and d, respectively. If this representation of a network interval is valid, then we can more easily visualize its applicability to networks also. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:535–540. doi: 10.1002/wics.1231

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Plasma and urinary levels of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate derived disaccharides after long‐term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in MPS I: correlation with the timing of ERT and with total urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans
Authors: de Ru Minke H. , van der Tol Linda , van Vlies Naomi , Bigger Brian W. , Hollak Carla E. M. , IJlst Lodewijk , Kulik Wim , van Lenthe Henk , Saif Muhammad A. , Wagemans Tom , van der Wal Willem M. , Wanders Ronald J. , Wijburg Frits A.
Published: September 2012

Introduction

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) results in a defective breakdown of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which leads to a progressive disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) results in clearance of these GAGs from a range of tissues and can significantly ameliorate several symptoms. The biochemical efficacy of ERT is generally assessed by the determination of the total urinary excretion of GAGs. However, this has limitations. We studied the concentrations of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate derived disaccharides (HS and DS, respectively) in the plasma and urine of seven patients and compared these levels with total urinary GAGs (uGAGs) levels.

Methods

Plasma and urine samples were collected at different time points relative to the weekly ERT for three non‐consecutive weeks in seven MPS I patients who had been treated with ERT for at least 2.5 years. Heparan and dermatan sulfate in plasma and urine were enzymatically digested into disaccharides, and HS and DS levels were determined by HPLC‐MS/MS analysis. uGAGs were measured by the DMB test.

Results

The levels of HS and DS were markedly decreased compared with the levels before the initiation of ERT. However, the concentrations of DS in plasma and of both HS and DS in urine remained significantly elevated in all studied patients, while in six patients the level of total uGAGs had normalized. The concentrations of plasma and urinary HS during the weekly ERT followed a U‐shaped curve. However, the effect size is small. The concentrations of plasma and urinary DS and uGAGs appeared to be in a steady state.

Conclusions

HS and DS are sensitive biomarkers for monitoring the biochemical treatment efficacy of ERT and remain elevated despite long‐term treatment. This finding may be related to the labeled dose or antibody status of the patient. The timing of the sample collection is not relevant, at least at the current dose of 100 IU/kg/weekly.
Effects of Cultivars and Location on Quality, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Terracone Carmela , Viggiani Ilaria , Nobile Matteo Alessandro Del
Published: September 2012

Quality characteristics of extra‐virgin olive oils depend on several factors. In order to study the effects of genotype and growing location on olive oil quality, olives from cv. Coratina, Nocellara, Ogliarola, and Peranzana, picked in four locations of the Apulia region (Italy), were crushed by a three‐phase system to produce mono‐cultivar extra virgin olive oils that were analyzed for acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices, total phenolic content, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The experimental data concerning peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices, phenolic content and profile and antioxidant activity showed great variability among the cultivars grown in the same location and also among the oils produced with olives of the same cultivar but grown in different locations. For each cultivar, no significant differences were found among locations in terms of acidity and ΔK whereas peroxide value, K232, and K270 differ significantly among locations for both Ogliarola and Peranzana cv. Concerning the phenolic content of Ogliarola cv., no differences were highlighted between the locations whereas the phenolic contents of Peranzana significantly changed as a function of the place of growing. On the basis of these results, the statistical multivariate analysis did not allow the classification into homogeneous groups neither of the oils belonging to the same cultivar nor of those obtained from olives picked in the same location.
Ground-state spaces of frustration-free Hamiltonians
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Ji Zhengfeng , Kribs David , Wei Zhaohui , Zeng Bei
Published: September 2012

We study the ground-state space properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians. We introduce a concept of “reduced spaces” to characterize local structures of ground-state spaces. For a many-body system, we characterize mathematical structures for the set Θk of all the k-particle reduced spaces, which with a binary operation called join forms a semilattice that can be interpreted as an abstract convex structure. The smallest nonzero elements in Θk, called atoms, are analogs of extreme points. We study the properties of atoms in Θk and discuss its relationship with ground states of k-local frustration-free Hamiltonians. For spin-1/2 systems, we show that all the atoms in Θ2 are unique ground states of some 2-local frustration-free Hamiltonians. Moreover, we show that the elements in Θk may not be the join of atoms, indicating a richer structure for Θk beyond the convex structure. Our study of Θk deepens the understanding of ground-state space properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians, from the new perspective of reduced spaces.
Reduced thermal quenching in indium-rich self-organized InGaN/GaN quantum dots
Authors: ElAfandy Rami T. , Ng Tien Khee , Cha Dongkyu , Zhang Meng , Bhattacharya Pallab , Ooi Boon S.
Published: September 2012

Differences in optical and structural properties of indium rich (27%), indium gallium nitride (InGaN) self-organized quantum dots (QDs), with red wavelength emission, and the two dimensional underlying wetting layer (WL) are investigated. Temperature dependent micro-photoluminescence (μPL) reveals a decrease in thermal quenching of the QDs integrated intensity compared to that of the WL. This difference in behaviour is due to the 3-D localization of carriers within the QDs preventing them from thermalization to nearby traps causing an increase in the internal quantum efficiency of the device. Excitation power dependent μPL shows a slower increase of the QDs PL signal compared to the WL PL which is believed to be due to the QDs saturation.
Comment on “The long range voice coil atomic force microscope” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023705 (2012)]
Authors: Mariani Tullio , Ascoli Cesare
Published: September 2012

In a recent article Barnard et al. described the use of voice coil actuators to realize a large range scanner for probe microscopy. The results reported are interesting, but the idea is not new. In two preceding papers [1998, 1991] we had described a large coverage, wide dynamic range scanner based on homemade voice coil actuators, while Garcia Cantu and Huerta Garnica [1986] had already used inductive scanners for tunneling microscopy. Lamentably, none of these articles was cited by Barnard et al.
Assessment of ten DFT methods in predicting structures of sheet silicates: Importance of dispersion corrections
Authors: Tunega Daniel , Bučko Tomáš , Zaoui Ali
Published: September 2012

The performance of ten density functional theory (DFT) methods in a prediction of the structure of four clay minerals, in which non-bonding interactions dominate in the layer stacking (dispersive forces in talc and pyrophyllite, and hydrogen bonds in lizardite and kaolinite), is reported. In a set of DFT methods following functionals were included: standard local and semi-local (LDA, PW91, PBE, and RPBE), dispersion corrected (PW91-D2, PBE-D2, RPBE-D2, and vdW-TS), and functionals developed specifically for solids and solid surfaces (PBEsol and AM05). We have shown that the standard DFT functionals fail in the correct prediction of the structural parameters, for which non-bonding interactions are important. The remarkable improvement leading to very good agreement with experimental structures is achieved if the dispersion corrections are included in the DFT calculations. In such cases the relative error for the most sensitive lattice vector c dropped below 1%. Very good performance was also observed for both DFT functionals developed for solids. Especially, the results achieved with the PBEsol are qualitatively similar to those with DFT-D2.
Self-assembly of InAs ring complexes on InP substrates by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Noda T. , Mano T. , Jo M. , Kawazu T. , Sakaki H.
Published: September 2012

We report the self-assembly of InAs ring complexes on InP (100) substrates by droplet epitaxy. Single-ring, ring-disk complex, and concentric double-ring structures were formed by controlling the As beam flux and substrate temperature. A clear photoluminescence signal was detected in a sample where InAs rings were embedded in InGaAs.
Graphene based field effect transistor for the detection of ammonia
Authors: Gautam Madhav , Jayatissa Ahalapitiya H.
Published: September 2012

Graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition has been used to fabricate the back-gated field effect transistor to study the sensing of ammonia (NH3) in ppm levels. Graphene has been synthesized directly on a target substrate using a thin Cu film as a catalyst, which has several advantages over deposition of graphene on Cu foil followed by a transferring process to another substrate. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the quality of the deposited graphene films on SiO2/Si substrates. The adsorption/desorption behavior of NH3 on graphene in dry air was analyzed from the progressive shift of the Dirac peak at smaller/larger gate voltages based on different time exposures to different concentrations of NH3. The relative change in the shift of the Dirac peak was consistent with a small charge transfer (0.039 ± 0.001 electrons per molecule at room temperature). The response of the device was found to increase with increasing NH3 concentrations and operating temperatures. The dependence of device response on concentration indicated that the graphene sensors exhibited two different adsorption modes for NH3 close to room temperature, whereas only one adsorption mode was observed at higher temperatures close to100 °C. The shift rate of the Dirac peak estimated with a simple model using the Langmuir approach indicated that the rate was increasing linearly with temperature within the range of temperature studied (25 °C–100 °C) in this work.
Formation of nanostructured TiO2 by femtosecond laser irradiation of titanium in O2
Authors: Landis Elizabeth C. , Phillips Katherine C. , Mazur Eric , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: September 2012

We used femtosecond laser irradiation of titanium metal in an oxidizing environment to form a highly stable surface layer of nanostructured amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2). We studied the influence of atmospheric composition on these surface structures and found that gas composition and pressure affect the chemical composition of the surface layer but not the surface morphology. Incorporation of nitrogen is only possible when no oxygen is present in the surrounding atmosphere.
Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots embedded in semiconductor
Authors: Wu Yao-Rui , Wang Dan , Lyu Pin
Published: September 2012

Using the Keldysh Green's function method, we calculated the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) magnetic interaction between the localized spins of two diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum dots embedded in a two-dimensional semiconductor. It was shown that the RKKY interaction is strongly dependent on the hybridization between the quantum-confined states in DMS quantum dots and the band in the semiconductor, the discrete energy levels in DMS quantum dots and the carrier density of the semiconductor. Since the carrier energy levels in DMS quantum dots may be adjusted by the applied voltage gates, the RKKY interaction of the present system is gate-controllable. It provides an alternate way to get the controllable RKKY magnetic interaction in semiconductor nanostructures for potential application in quantum information processing.