bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Components from the Bulbs of Lilium brownii var. viridulum and Identifying the Underlying Mechanism through Acting on the NF-κB/MAPKs Pathway
Authors: Ma Ting , Wang Zhen , Zhang Yang-Mei , Luo Jian-Guang , Kong Ling-Yi
Published: March 2017

The bulbs of Lilium brownii var. viridulum (LB) are commonly used as both traditional Chinese medicines and popular functional food for many centuries in China. Previous studies reported that the extract of lily bulbs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro, but its active components and associated molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, using bioassay-guided isolation method, two phenylpropenoid acylglycerols, 1-O-feruloyl-2-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (1) and 1,3-O-diferuloylglycerol (2), were obtained and identified from the chloroform fraction of LB. Both compounds 1 and 2 significantly decreased the production of nitrite oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.12 ± 0.72 μM and 12.01 ± 1.07 μM, respectively. They also inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and several other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 downregulated the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). They also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit and suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Taken these data together, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through acting on the NF-κB and MAPKs pathway. This research provides the first evidence on the major bioactive constituents and related molecular mechanisms of LB as an anti-inflammatory agent. Our findings also advanced the understanding of LB as a traditional herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of inflammation.
Isolation, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity of New Metabolites from the South African Endemic Red Algal Species Laurencia alfredensis
Authors: Dziwornu Godwin A. , Caira Mino R. , Mare Jo-Anne de la , Edkins Adrienne L. , Bolton John J. , Beukes Denzil R. , Sunassee Suthananda N.
Published: March 2017

The marine red algae of the genus Laurencia have been widely studied for their structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. We report here the natural product investigation of the organic extract of a newly identified South African endemic species, Laurencia alfredensis. A sequence of column chromatography, preparative TLC and normal phase HPLC resulted in the isolation of eleven compounds comprising three labdane-type diterpenes (1–3), four polyether triterpenes (4–7), three cholestane-type ecdysteroids (8–10) and a glycolipid (11). Compounds 1–3, 5–8 and 10 have not previously been reported, while compound 9 is reported here for the first time from a natural source and the known compound 11 isolated for the first time from the genus Laurencia. The structural elucidation and the relative configuration assignments of the compounds were accomplished by extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV and IR spectroscopic techniques, while the absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. Compound 2 exhibited low micromolar antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 9.3 µM) against the triple negative breast carcinoma and compound 7 was similarly active (IC50 = 8.8 µM) against the cervical cancer cell line.
Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Greek Plants. A Novel Depigmenting Agent from Morus alba Wood
Authors: Chaita Eliza , Lambrinidis George , Cheimonidi Christina , Agalou Adamantia , Beis Dimitris , Trougakos Ioannis , Mikros Emmanuel , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Aligiannis Nektarios
Published: March 2017

In therapeutic interventions associated with melanin hyperpigmentation, tyrosinase is regarded as a target enzyme as it catalyzes the rate-limiting steps in mammalian melanogenesis. Since many known agents have been proven to be toxic, there has been increasing impetus to identify alternative tyrosinase inhibitors, especially from natural sources. In this study, we investigated 900 extracts from Greek plants for potential tyrosinase inhibitive properties. Among the five most potent extracts, the methanol extract of Morus alba wood (MAM) demonstrated a significant reduction in intracellular tyrosinase and melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the acquisition of twelve compounds: oxyresveratrol (1), kuwanon C (2), mulberroside A (3), resorcinol (4), dihydrooxyresveratol (5), trans-dihydromorin (6), 2,4,3′-trihydroxydihydrostilbene (7), kuwanon H (8), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (9), morusin (10), moracin M (11) and kuwanon G (12). Among these, 2,4,3′-trihydroxydihydrostilbene (7) is isolated for the first time from Morus alba and constitutes a novel potent tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 0.8 ± 0.15). We report here for the first time dihydrooxyresveratrol (5) as a potent natural tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 0.3 ± 0.05). Computational docking analysis indicated the binding modes of six tyrosinase inhibitors with the aminoacids of the active centre of tyrosinase. Finally, we found both MAM extract and compounds 1, 6 and 7 to significantly suppress in vivo melanogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis.
South Asian Ethnicity Is Related to the Highest Risk of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Pregnant Canadian Women
Authors: Jeruszka-Bielak Marta , Isman Carly , Schroder Theresa , Li Wangyang , Green Tim , Lamers Yvonne
Published: March 2017

Vitamin B12 (B12) adequacy during pregnancy is crucial for maternal health and optimal fetal development; however, suboptimal B12 status has been reported in pregnant Canadian women. Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a sensitive indicator of B12 status. Since few studies have measured MMA during pregnancy in Canadian women, the objective of this study was to evaluate B12 status in pregnant women living in Metro Vancouver, using both plasma total B12 and MMA. We recruited a convenience sample of 320 pregnant women between 20 and 35 gestational weeks from local healthcare facilities. Plasma total B12 concentrations indicative of deficiency (<148 pmol/L) and suboptimal B12 status (148–220 pmol/L) were found in 18% and 33% of the women, respectively. Normal plasma MMA concentration (<210 nmol/L) was observed in 82% of all women. Gestational age was a strong predictor of plasma total B12 and MMA concentration, and South Asian ethnicity of B-12 deficiency and MMA concentrations. Overall, there was a high discrepancy between the prevalence of B12 inadequacy depending on the biomarker used. Independently, however, South Asian women were at particular risk for B12 deficiency, likely due to lower animal source food intake. Further study of this vulnerable group and performance testing of B12 biomarkers is warranted.
Carbon Nanotube Length Governs the Viscoelasticity and Permeability of Buckypaper
Authors: Shen Zhiqiang , Röding Magnus , Kröger Martin , Li Ying
Published: March 2017

The effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) length on the viscoelasticity and permeability of buckypaper, composed of (5,5) single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), are systematically explored through large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The SWCNT length is found to have a pronounced impact on the structure of buckypapers. When the SWCNTs are short, they are found to form short bundles and to be tightly packed, exhibit high density and small pores, while long SWCNTs are entangled together at a low density accompanied by large pores. These structure variations contribute to distinct performances in the viscoelasticity of buckypapers. The energy dissipation for buckypapers with long SWCNTs under cyclic shear loading is dominated by the attachment and detachment between SWCNTs through a zipping-unzipping mechanism. Thus, the viscoelastic characteristics of buckypapers, such as storage and loss moduli, demonstrate frequency- and temperature-independent behaviors. In contrast, the sliding-friction mechanism controls the energy dissipation between short SWCNTs when the buckypaper is under loading and unloading processes. Friction between short SWCNTs monotonically increases with rising length of SWCNTs and temperature. Therefore, the tan δ , defined as the ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, of buckypaper with short SWCNTs also increases with the increment of temperature or SWCNT length, before the SWCNTs are entangled together. The permeability of buckypapers is further investigated by studying the diffusion of structureless particles within buckypapers, denoted by the obstruction factor ( β ). It is found to be linearly dependent on the volume fraction of SWCNTs, signifying a mass-dominated permeability, regardless of the structure variations induced by different SWCNT lengths. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of the structure-property relationship for buckypapers composed of SWCNTs. The methodology could be used for designing multifunctional buckypaper-based devices.
An Analytical Model for BDS B1 Spreading Code Self-Interference Evaluation Considering NH Code Effects
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhan Xingqun , Feng Shaojun , Ochieng Washington
Published: March 2017

The short spreading code used by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B1-I or GPS Coarse/Acquistiion (C/A) can cause aggregately undesirable cross-correlation between signals within each single constellation. This GPS-to-GPS or BDS-to-BDS correlation is referred to as self-interference. A GPS C/A code self-interference model is extended to propose a self-interference model for BDS B1, taking into account the unique feature of the B1-I signal transmitted by BDS medium Earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites—an extra Neumann-Hoffmann (NH) code. Currently there is no analytical model for BDS self-interference and a simple three parameter analytical model is proposed. The model is developed by calculating the spectral separation coefficient (SSC), converting SSC to equivalent white noise power level, and then using this to calculate effective carrier-to-noise density ratio. Cyclostationarity embedded in the signal offers the proposed model additional accuracy in predicting B1-I self-interference. Hardware simulator data are used to validate the model. Software simulator data are used to show the impact of self-interference on a typical BDS receiver including the finding that self-interference effect is most significant when the differential Doppler between desired and undesired signal is zero. Simulation results show the aggregate noise caused by just two undesirable spreading codes on a single desirable signal could lift the receiver noise floor by 3.83 dB under extreme C/N0 (carrier to noise density ratio) conditions (around 20 dB-Hz). This aggregate noise has the potential to increase code tracking standard deviation by 11.65 m under low C/N0 (15–19 dB-Hz) conditions and should therefore, be avoided for high-sensitivity applications. Although the findings refer to Beidou system, the principle weakness of the short codes illuminated here are valid for other satellite navigation systems.
Objective Video Quality Assessment Based on Machine Learning for Underwater Scientific Applications
Authors: Moreno-Roldán José-Miguel , Luque-Nieto Miguel-Ángel , Poncela Javier , Otero Pablo
Published: March 2017

Video services are meant to be a fundamental tool in the development of oceanic research. The current technology for underwater networks (UWNs) imposes strong constraints in the transmission capacity since only a severely limited bitrate is available. However, previous studies have shown that the quality of experience (QoE) is enough for ocean scientists to consider the service useful, although the perceived quality can change significantly for small ranges of variation of video parameters. In this context, objective video quality assessment (VQA) methods become essential in network planning and real time quality adaptation fields. This paper presents two specialized models for objective VQA, designed to match the special requirements of UWNs. The models are built upon machine learning techniques and trained with actual user data gathered from subjective tests. Our performance analysis shows how both of them can successfully estimate quality as a mean opinion score (MOS) value and, for the second model, even compute a distribution function for user scores.
Fiber Optic Sensor Embedment Study for Multi-Parameter Strain Sensing
Authors: Drissi-Habti Monssef , Raman Venkadesh , Khadour Aghiad , Timorian Safiullah
Published: March 2017

The fiber optic sensors (FOSs) are commonly used for large-scale structure monitoring systems for their small size, noise free and low electrical risk characteristics. Embedded fiber optic sensors (FOSs) lead to micro-damage in composite structures. This damage generation threshold is based on the coating material of the FOSs and their diameter. In addition, embedded FOSs are aligned parallel to reinforcement fibers to avoid micro-damage creation. This linear positioning of distributed FOS fails to provide all strain parameters. We suggest novel sinusoidal sensor positioning to overcome this issue. This method tends to provide multi-parameter strains in a large surface area. The effectiveness of sinusoidal FOS positioning over linear FOS positioning is studied under both numerical and experimental methods. This study proves the advantages of the sinusoidal positioning method for FOS in composite material’s bonding.
Seatbelt Use as a Police Avoidance Strategy: A Test Using the Legality of Medical Marijuana
Authors: Adams Scott , Cotti Chad , Ullman Darin
Published: March 2017

One way to avoid detection of law enforcement officials if you are engaging in illegal activities is to wear a seatbelt. Therefore, an unintended consequence of laws allowing people to possess marijuana for medical purposes is that seatbelt use may decline among groups whose possession of marijuana is now legal. We find a decrease in seatbelt use among middle-aged males, providing evidence that drivers use seatbelts as a means to avoid police interaction. We find no such reduction in seatbelt use among those less likely to possess medical marijuana cards. Our evidence supports the contention that drivers use seatbelts more if they fear interaction with law enforcement officials, which is consistent with evidence of heightened seatbelt use among drunk drivers. These findings are important in understanding how to best design traffic safety laws and enforce them.
Relationships between Tourism and Hospitality Sector Electricity Consumption in Spanish Provinces (1999–2013)
Authors: ,, María del P. Pablo-Romero , Pozo-Barajas Rafael , Sánchez-Rivas Javier
Published: March 2017

The EU is committed to a 40% reduction in their domestic greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. In order to reach this ambitious target, new measures affecting all economic sectors would be needed. This paper focuses on the tourism sector. Using econometric panel data techniques, the relationships between tourist overnight stays and the hospitality sector electricity consumption is studied for the Spanish provinces during the period 1999–2013. With this aim, an Energy-Tourism Kuznets Curve hypothesis is tested. The results show that the Energy-Tourism Kuznets Curve hypothesis is not supported. An increasing positive relationship between the hospitality sector electricity consumption and overnight stays is observed. Results also show that the hospitality sector electricity consumption elasticity values, with respect to tourist overnight stays, differ among the provinces, the values being within a range of 0.1–0.5 during the period. The highest values are observed for the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Gerona, Tarragona and Malaga. Energy efficiency measures, the adoption of renewable energy systems and the development of energy management capabilities are recommended.
A Low Cost, Edge Computing, All-Sky Imager for Cloud Tracking and Intra-Hour Irradiance Forecasting
Authors: Richardson Walter , Krishnaswami Hariharan , Vega Rolando , Cervantes Michael
Published: March 2017

With increasing use of photovoltaic (PV) power generation by utilities and their residential customers, the need for accurate intra-hour and day-ahead solar irradiance forecasting has become critical. This paper details the development of a low cost all-sky imaging system and an intra-hour cloud motion prediction methodology that produces minutes-ahead irradiance forecasts. The SkyImager is designed around a Raspberry Pi single board computer (SBC) with a fully programmable, high resolution Pi Camera, housed in a durable all-weather enclosure. Our software is written in Python 2.7 and utilizes the open source computer vision package OpenCV. The SkyImager can be configured for different operational environments and network designs, from a standalone edge computing model to a fully integrated node in a distributed, cloud-computing based micro-grid. Preliminary results are presented using the imager on site at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, CO, USA during the fall of 2015 under a variety of cloud conditions.
An Exploratory Study of the Mechanism of Sustainable Value Creation in the Luxury Fashion Industry
Authors: Yang Yefei , Han Han , Lee Peter
Published: March 2017

In recent years, increasing numbers of luxury groups have adopted sustainable practices in their supply chains (sourcing, manufacturing, logistics, distribution, servicing, waste and recycling). However, the report from Greenpeace International organization (2014) indicates that some luxury brands/companies did not actively conduct sustainable practices to produce items, which is likely attributed to the cost and risks caused by such practices outweighing the benefits. This, to some extent, is due to the failure of developing collaborative practices. Specifically, some luxury brands may fail to develop collaborative practices to create value that are able to benefit multiple stakeholders. Thus, in our study, we explore the value creation mechanism to create sustainable value that benefits not only brands’ shareholders, but also other stakeholders, including producers, customers, other stakeholders in the society (e.g., marginalized people) and the environment. In addition, based on a case study from Stella McCartney and Kering and the literature on value creation, we develop a novel model for guiding sustainable value creation (i.e., value co-creation model), where the conceptual building blocks and specific practices are presented. Our contribution lies in extending the knowledge of the value co-creation model from co-creation with customers to co-creation with multiple stakeholders and elaborating systematically and empirically sustainable value co-creation mechanisms including the building blocks and specific practices. In addition, this study offers significant managerial insights for luxury brands/companies to effectively achieve sustainable value.
Conformation of the proximal tibia and cranial cruciate ligament disease in small breed dogs
Authors: Kyllar Michal , Midgley Duncan , Owen Martin , Janovec Jan
Published: March 2017

Objectives: To investigate the conformation of the proximal tibia in small breed dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and to identify morphologic abnormalities that may predispose to development of CCLD.

Methods: Mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg with surgically confirmed CCLD were retrospectively evaluated. Proximal tibial width (PTW), tibial plateau length (TPL), tibial plateau angle as described by Slocum and Slocum (sTPA), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle as described by Inauen and colleagues (nTPA), and diaphyseal tibial width (DTW) were measured. The same variables were obtained from mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg without CCLD. In addition, a quotient nTPA/ PTW, relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and relative body weight (rBW) were calculated for each dog. Independent two-sample t-test (p = 0.05) was used to compare mean ± SD of all measured variables between the two groups.

Results: Gender, age, and weight mean ± SD were not significantly different between the two groups of dogs (p <0.05). Dogs with CCLD had significantly greater sTPA (p = 0.015) and rBW (p = 0.016).

Clinical significance: In dogs of small breeds, a combination of an excessively steep tibial plateau and an increased relative body weight may predispose to early CCLD development. The slope of the tibial plateau was found to be caused by an abnormal caudal angulation of the proximal tibia, a phenomenon previously associated with CCLD development in small breed dogs in individual cases.
Ion beam profiling from the interaction with a freestanding 2D layer
Authors: Shorubalko Ivan , Choi Kyoungjun , Stiefel Michael , Park Hyung Gyu
Published: March 2017

Recent years have seen a great potential of the focused ion beam (FIB) technology for the nanometer-scale patterning of a freestanding two-dimensional (2D) layer. Experimentally determined sputtering yields of the perforation process can be quantitatively explained using the binary collision theory. The main peculiarity of the interaction between the ion beams and the suspended 2D material lies in the absence of collision cascades, featured by no interaction volume. Thus, the patterning resolution is directly set by the beam diameters. Here, we demonstrate pattern resolution beyond the beam size and precise profiling of the focused ion beams. We find out that FIB exposure time of individual pixels can influence the resultant pore diameter. In return, the pore dimension as a function of the exposure dose brings out the ion beam profiles. Using this method of determining an ion-beam point spread function, we verify a Gaussian profile of focused gallium ion beams. Graphene sputtering yield is extracted from the normalization of the measured Gaussian profiles, given a total beam current. Interestingly, profiling of unbeknown helium ion beams in this way results in asymmetry of the profile. Even triangular beam shapes are observed at certain helium FIB conditions, possibly attributable to the trimer nature of the beam source. Our method of profiling ion beams with 2D-layer perforation provides more information on ion beam profiles than the conventional sharp-edge scan method does.
IMPROVING CHINA’S REGIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER MODERNIZATION DEVELOPMENT USING A NEW HYBRID MADM MODEL
Authors: HU Kuang-Hua , JIANGUO Wei , TZENG Gwo-Hshiung
Published: March 2017

The regional financial center is the propeller of regional economic development. Regional financial center modernization, however, has been the predominant propulsion of economic sustainability. Decisions related to regional financial center modernization development are in­herent problems of multiple attribute decision-making (MADM), and strategically important to the government. The purpose of this paper is to set up a regional financial center improvement model for modernization development, as based on a hybrid MADM model, which addresses the main causal-effect factors and amended priorities in order to strengthen ongoing planning. This paper adopts a new hybrid MADM model combined with the DEMATEL technique to construct an influential network relationship map (INRM) and determined the influential weights of DANP. Then, a modified VIKOR method using influential weights is applied to measure and integrate the performance gaps from each criterion into dimensions, as well as the overall criterion for evaluating and improving the modernization development of the regional financial center, as based on INRM. Finally an empirical case study using data from the Guangzhou regional financial center is carried out as an example to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed hybrid MADM model for solving real-world problems. The results show the priorities for improvement, as based on the degree of the effect and impact of the dimensions, as follows: first is making “government policy”, second is enforcing “financial infrastructure and safety”, next is formulating “financial institutions and human resources”, and finally “financial service”.
Kinematics of a Young Low-mass Star-forming Core: Understanding the Evolutionary State of the First-core Candidate L1451-mm
Authors: Maureira María José , Arce Héctor G. , Dunham Michael M. , Pineda Jaime E. , Fernández-López Manuel , Chen Xuepeng , Mardones Diego
Published: March 2017

We use 3 mm multiline and continuum CARMA observations toward the first hydrostatic core (FHSC) candidate L1451-mm to characterize the envelope kinematics at 1000 au scales and investigate its evolutionary state. We detect evidence of infall and rotation in the NH2D(11,1–10,1), N2H+(1–0), and HCN(1–0) molecular lines. We compare the position–velocity diagram of the NH2D(11,1–10,1) line with a simple kinematic model and find that it is consistent with an envelope that is both infalling and rotating while conserving angular momentum around a central mass of about 0.06 M
⊙. The N2H+(1–0) LTE mass of the envelope along with the inferred infall velocity leads to a mass infall rate of approximately 6 × 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1, implying a young age of 104 years for this FHSC candidate. Assuming that the accretion onto the central object is the same as the infall rate, we obtain a minimum source size of 1.5–5 au, consistent with the size expected for a first core. We do not see any evidence of outflow motions or signs of outflow–envelope interaction at scales ≳2000 au. This is consistent with previous observations that revealed a very compact outflow (≲500 au). We conclude that L1451-mm is indeed at a very early stage of evolution, either a first core or an extremely young Class 0 protostar. Our results provide strong evidence that L1451-mm is the best candidate for being a bona fide first core.
Solar Activity from 2006 to 2014 and Short-term Forecasts of Solar Proton Events Using the ESPERTA Model
Authors: Alberti T. , Laurenza M. , Cliver E. W. , Storini M. , Consolini G. , Lepreti F.
Published: March 2017

To evaluate the solar energetic proton (SEP) forecast model of Laurenza et al., here termed ESPERTA, we computed the input parameters (soft X-ray (SXR) fluence and ∼1 MHz radio fluence) for all ≥M2 SXR flares from 2006 to 2014. This database is outside the 1995–2005 interval on which ESPERTA was developed. To assess the difference in the general level of activity between these two intervals, we compared the occurrence frequencies of SXR flares and SEP events for the first six years of cycles 23 (1996 September–2002 September) and 24 (2008 December–2014 December). We found a reduction of SXR flares and SEP events of 40% and 46%, respectively, in the latter period. Moreover, the numbers of ≥M2 flares with high values of SXR and ∼1 MHz fluences (>0.1 J m−2 and >6 × 105 sfu × minute, respectively) are both reduced by ∼30%. A somewhat larger percentage decrease of these two parameters (∼40% versus ∼30%) is obtained for the 2006–2014 interval in comparison with 1995–2005. Despite these differences, ESPERTA performance was comparable for the two intervals. For the 2006–2014 interval, ESPERTA had a probability of detection (POD) of 59% (19/32) and a false alarm rate (FAR) of 30% (8/27), versus a POD = 63% (47/75) and an FAR = 42% (34/81) for the original 1995–2005 data set. In addition, for the 2006–2014 interval the median (average) warning time was estimated to be ∼2 hr (∼7 hr), versus ∼6 hr (∼9 hr), for the 1995–2005 data set.
Common Envelope Wind Tunnel: Coefficients of Drag and Accretion in a Simplified Context for Studying Flows around Objects Embedded within Stellar Envelopes
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Antoni Andrea , Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Macias Phillip , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the properties of flows around objects embedded within common envelopes in the simplified context of a “wind tunnel.” We establish characteristic relationships between key common envelope flow parameters like the Mach number and density scale height. Our wind tunnel is a three-dimensional, Cartesian geometry hydrodynamic simulation setup that includes the gravity of the primary and secondary stars and allows us to study the coefficients of drag and accretion experienced by the embedded object. Accretion and drag lead to a transformation of an embedded object and its orbit during a common envelope phase. We present two suites of simulations spanning a range of density gradients and Mach numbers—relevant for flow near the limb of a stellar envelope to the deep interior. In one suite, we adopt an ideal gas adiabatic exponent of

, in the other,

. We find that coefficients of drag rise in flows with steeper density gradients and that coefficients of drag and accretion are consistently higher in the more compressible,

flow. We illustrate the impact of these newly derived coefficients by integrating the inspiral of a secondary object through the envelopes of

(

) and

(

) giants. In these examples, we find a relatively rapid initial inspiral because, near the stellar limb, dynamical friction drag is generated mainly from dense gas focused from deeper within the primary-star’s envelope. This rapid initial inspiral timescale carries potential implications for the timescale of transients from early common envelope interaction.
CO(J = 1–0) Observations of a Filamentary Molecular Cloud in the Galactic Region Centered at l = 150°, b = 3.°5
Authors: Xiong Fang , Chen Xuepeng , Yang Ji , Fang Min , Zhang Shaobo , Zhang Miaomiao , Du Xinyu , Long Wenshan
Published: March 2017

We present large-field (4.25 × 3.75 deg2) mapping observations toward the Galactic region centered at

in the J = 1–0 emission line of CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, and C18O), using the 13.7 m millimeter-wavelength telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. Based on the 13CO observations, we reveal a filamentary cloud in the Local Arm at a velocity range of −0.5 to 6.5 km s−1. This molecular cloud contains 1 main filament and 11 sub-filaments, showing the so-called “ridge-nest” structure. The main filament and three sub-filaments are also detected in the C18O line. The velocity structures of most identified filaments display continuous distribution with slight velocity gradients. The measured median excitation temperature, line width, length, width, and linear mass of the filaments are ∼9.28 K, 0.85 km s−1, 7.30 pc, 0.79 pc, and 17.92 

pc−1, respectively, assuming a distance of 400 pc. We find that the four filaments detected in the C18O line are thermally supercritical, and two of them are in the virialized state, and thus tend to be gravitationally bound. We identify in total 146 13CO clumps in the cloud, about 77% of the clumps are distributed along the filaments. About 56% of the virialized clumps are found to be associated with the supercritical filaments. Three young stellar object candidates are also identified in the supercritical filaments, based on the complementary infrared data. These results indicate that the supercritical filaments, especially the virialized filaments, may contain star-forming activities.
L’industrie chimique française en guerre (1914-1918) : de la dépendance étrangère à la construction d’une filière nationale
Authors: Langlinay Erik
Published: March 2017

L’article « Poudres et explosifs » écrit par le sénateur et chimiste Louis Tissier en 1926 met en valeur l’effort réalisé par la France dans le domaine de l’industrie chimique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Puissance chimique de second rang loin dernière l’Allemagne, la France a cherché à bâtir un nouveau système technique pour la guerre, reposant sur un engagement des entreprises nationales, mais devant s’appuyer dès septembre 1914 sur des importations anglo-saxonnes. La nomination d’Albert Thomas au poste de sous-secrétaire d’État en mai 1915 coïncide avec une réorientation de la politique d’armement : un vaste réseau d’usines est construit, des coopérations scientifiques et commerciales sont tissées avec les Alliés, une volonté de reconquérir les marchés étrangers est exprimée. Mais la guerre sous-marine à outrance lancée par l’Allemagne en janvier 1917 ruine en partie ce programme : les Alliés décident alors d’importations massives de poudres et explosifs américains. Dès la fin 1917, les entreprises privées françaises s’orientent vers les marchés civils. Dans certains domaines sensibles, des liens se sont tissés entre industriels et militaires. Leur maintien dans l’après-guerre est une question politique dont l’article de Louis Tissier témoigne.
Le principe de laïcité et son application aux mineurs : approche comparée entre la France et l’Allemagne
Authors: Klein Boris
Published: March 2017

L’étude se propose de revenir sur certaines spécificités de la mise en œuvre du principe de laïcité en France, notamment lorsqu’elle concerne les mineurs. Une comparaison avec le fonctionnement du système scolaire à Berlin offre la possibilité de réinterroger la pertinence de certains aspects originaux et souvent incompris du modèle français.
Alignment of Patient Health Numeracy with Asthma Care Instructions in the Patient Portal
Authors: Schapira Marilyn M. , Mozal Chantel , Shofer Frances S. , Gonzalez Rodalyn , Apter Andrea J.
Published: March 2017

Background:

After Visit Summary (AVS) instructions provided through the patient portal of the electronic medical record can support asthma self-management if patients have the skills to interpret and apply the health information provided. Print literacy demands of patient materials are often higher than the reading ability of patients. However, less is known regarding the numeric demand of patient education materials and how well it aligns with patient health numeracy.

Objectives:

This study (1) developed measures of numeric demand for use in the AVS, (2) described the health numeracy demand of AVS instructions for asthma care, and (3) evaluated the association between numeracy demand of materials and patient health numeracy.

Methods:

We reviewed personalized AVS instructions for an index visit from 74 adults with moderate or severe asthma recruited from clinics serving low-income urban communities. Using measures of numeric complexity and density developed for this study, numeracy demand of the AVS was compared to the numeracy skills of patients using the validated Asthma Numeracy Questionnaire.

Key Results:

The numeric complexity and density scales demonstrated content and face validity. The median (range) of the numeric complexity score for AVS instructions was 2.5 (0–46), and density of numeric information was 8% (0%–33%). The median (range) of the Asthma Numeracy Questionnaire was 2 (0–4). There was no association between patient asthma-related health numeracy and the complexity (
p
= .29) or density (
p
= .81) of numeric information.

Conclusions:

Patient instructions regarding medications and self-management often include numeric information. Lack of alignment of the numeracy demand of materials with health numeracy skill may be a barrier to communication, particularly among patients of lower health numeracy.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(1):e1–e10.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study developed a way to measure the frequency and complexity of numeric information in instructions given to patients with asthma. No association was found between the difficulty of numeric information provided and the numeracy level of patients. This poses a potential barrier to communication, especially for patients with low health numeracy.
Nekaj misli o prenosu spektralnih idej v slovenski glasbeni prostor
Authors: Vrhunc Larisa
Published: March 2017

Članek se posveča skladateljskim skupinam po drugi svetovni vojni. Ob analizi njihove vloge v razvoju skladateljskih praks poskuša poiskati odgovore na vprašanje, zakaj se spektralne ideje, ki so močno zaznamovale francosko in odmevale v evropski glasbi od sedemdesetih let naprej, pri nas skorajda niso pojavile. Počasi vstopajo v našo glasbeno zavest šele v tem stoletju.
Reger v Sloveniji
Authors: Barbo Matjaž
Published: March 2017

Članek se ukvarja z zgodovino recepcije Regerjeve glasbe na Slovenskem. Sprva zasledimo posamezne osebne stike Regerja z glasbeniki, ki so delovali na Slovenskem. Prvotna kritiška zadržanost ob njegovih delih se kmalu prelevi v občudovanje, čemur sledijo dokaj redne izvedbe koncertnih del (orgelskih, komornih, zborovskih in orkestralnih) in didaktične literature.
Recovery of Nickel from Waste Lithium Ion Secondary Battery and Fabrication of Nickel Nanopowder
Authors: Hwang Sung Ok , Chae Byung Man , Kim Deuk Hyeon , Park Ki Sang , Go A Ra , Lee Sang Woo
Published: March 2017

A study on the refining of nickel sulfate solution from sulfuric acid leached solution of spent lithium ion battery and fabrication of nickel nanopowders from the nickel sulfate solution was investigated. the nickel sulfate solution with high purity (>99.9%) was refined by precipitation method and solvent extraction method. the nickel nanopowders were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method with hydrazine and sodium hydroxide. the purity of nickel sulfate solution and nickel nanopowders were measured by EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic) titration method with ICP-OES(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer). morphology, particle size and crystal structure of the nickel nanopowder was observed using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy.
Beneficial Effects of Nano Hydrophobic Coatings for Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Dusty Environment
Authors: Fathi M. , Abderrezek M. , Friedrich M. , Tabani K.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we propose and experiment the application of self-cleaning Nano coating on solar panels. We have measured an important increase of water droplet contact angle on a Nano coated surface. We found beneficial effects on light transmittance and Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) for the photovoltaic modules. Experimentally, we have shown a higher Transmission coefficient (T) in case of treated glass. In addition, from Thermal Camera analysis, we have shown that the Nano coated Photovoltaic module became cooler and cleaner comparatively to untreated module.
Effects of Olive Pit and Almond Shell Powder on Polypropylene
Authors: Tasdemir Munir
Published: March 2017

The outgrowing ecological and socio-economic awareness, high consumption of petroleum resources and new environmentally strong regulations especially in European countries have prompted researchers to investigate on green materials compatible with the environment. As replacements for conventional synthetic fibers like aramid and glass fibers, natural fibers are increasingly used for reinforcement in thermoplastics due to their low density, good thermal insulation and mechanical properties, reduced tool wear, unlimited availability, low price, and problem-free disposal. The purpose for the addition of cellulose-based fillers to thermoplastics is to reduce the cost per unit volume and to improve stiffness.In the present work I have prepared a series of filled Polypropylene (PP) composites with olive pit and almond shell flour loading (between 0–40 wt %), to study the effect of the filler content on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene polymer composites.
Effect of Alkaline Solution to Fly Ash Ratio on Geopolymer Mortar Properties
Authors: Fauzi Amir , Nuruddin Mohd Fadhil , Malkawi Ahmad B. , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Mohammed Bashar S.
Published: March 2017

Geopolymer system is new binding materials in concrete industry that is produced by the alkaline solution and materials rich in aluminosilicate such as fly ash. The effect of the alkaline solution to fly ash ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 on mortar geopolymer properties was an issue in this study. The results showed that the higher alkaline solution to fly ash ratio improves the workability and brings a longer setting time, whereas the lower alkaline solution to fly ash ratio gains the significant compressive strength. It was a similar pattern with conventional mortar used ordinary Portland cement, which the compressive strength at 7 days was 85%-90% for 28 days compressive strength, whereas conventional mortar is only 65%-75%. This was due to the higher reactivity in geopolymer system that was faster than the pozzolanic reaction.
Rip2 Is Required for Nod2-Mediated Lysozyme Sorting in Paneth Cells
Authors: Wang Haifang , Zhang Xinwen , Zuo Zhanguang , Zhang Qin , Pan Ying , Zeng Benhua , Li Wenxia , Wei Hong , Liu Zhihua
Published: March 2017

Paneth cells play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by secreting a large number of antimicrobial peptides into the intestinal lumen. In this study, we found that Rip2 is required for lysozyme sorting in Paneth cells in a manner that is dependent on Nod2, LRRK2, and Rab2a. Rip2 deficiency in mouse led to lysosomal degradation of lysozyme in Paneth cells and prevented the recruitment of Rab2a onto dense core vesicles (DCVs). Like Nod2 and LRRK2, Rip2 localizes to DCVs in Paneth cells, and its DCV localization depends on Nod2 and LRRK2. Thus, we delineated a genetic pathway, consisting of Nod2–LRRK2–Rip2–Rab2a, which is required for lysozyme sorting. Taken together, our results indicate that the lysozyme-sorting process in Paneth cells is orchestrated by a number of host factors and highlight the importance of Paneth cell function in intestinal homeostasis.
The development of a neonatal communication intervention tool
Authors: Strasheim Esedra , Kritzinger Alta , Louw Brenda
Published: March 2017

Neonatal communication intervention is important in South Africa, which has an increased prevalence of infants born with risks for disabilities and where the majority of infants live in poverty. Local literature showed a dearth of information on the current service delivery and roles of speech-language therapists (SLTs) and audiologists in neonatal nurseries in the South African context. SLTs have the opportunity to provide the earliest intervention, provided that intervention is well-timed in the neonatal nursery context. The aim of the research was to compile a locally relevant neonatal communication intervention instrument/tool for use by SLTs in neonatal nurseries of public hospitals. The study entailed descriptive, exploratory research. During phase 1, a survey was received from 39 SLTs and 2 audiologists in six provinces. The data revealed that participants performed different roles in neonatal nurseries, which depended on the environment, tools, materials and instrumentation available to them. Many participants were inexperienced, but resourceful in their attempts to adapt tools/materials. Participants expressed needs for culturally appropriate and user-friendly instruments for parent guidance and staff/team training on the topic of developmental care. During phase 2, a tool for parent guidance titled Neonatal communication intervention programme for parents was compiled in English and isiZulu. The programme was piloted by three participants. Suggestions for enhancements of the programme were made, such as providing a glossary of terms, adapting the programme’s language and terminology, and providing more illustrations. SLTs and audiologists must contribute to neonatal care of high-risk infants to facilitate development and to support families.
Speech-language assessment in a linguistically diverse setting: Preliminary exploration of the possible impact of informal ‘solutions’ within the South African context
Authors: Barratt Joanne , Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Msimang Kwandinjabulo
Published: March 2017

Speech-language therapists (SLTs) working in the context of cultural and linguistic diversity face considerable challenges in providing equitable services to all clients. This is complicated by the fact that the majority of SLTs in South Africa are English or Afrikaans speakers, while the majority of the population have a home language other than English/Afrikaans. Consequently, SLTs are often forced to call on untrained personnel to act as interpreters or translators, and to utilise informally translated materials in the assessment and management of clients with communication impairments. However, variations in translation have the potential to considerably alter intervention plans. This study explored whether the linguistic complexity conveyed in translation of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) test changed when translated from English to isiZulu by five different first-language IsiZulu speakers. A qualitative comparative research design was adopted and results were analysed using comparative data analysis. Results revealed notable differences in the translations, with most differences relating to vocabulary and semantics. This finding holds clinical implications for the use of informal translators as well as for the utilisation of translated material in the provision of speech-language therapy services in multilingual contexts. This study highlights the need for cautious use of translators and/or translated materials that are not appropriately and systematically adapted for local usage. Further recommendations include a call for intensified efforts in the transformation of the profession within the country, specifically by attracting greater numbers of students who are fluent in African languages.
Cochlear function in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Govender Samantha Marlanie , Govender Cyril Devdas , Matthews Glenda
Published: March 2017

Objective: To evaluate cochlear functioning in patients (18 - 45 years old) with varying stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using purposive sampling, 50 participants, 10 in each of the 5 stages of CKD, were selected and underwent pure tone audiometric testing and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between pure tone audiometry and DPOAEs in detecting early cochlear dysfunction in the high-frequency range in stages 3 (6 000/5 000 Hz; p=0.00), 4 (6 000/5 000 Hz; p<0.03) and 5 (4 000/3 333 Hz; p<0.01, 8 000/6 667 Hz:p<0.05) with DPOAEs being more sensitive in identifying early cochlear dysfunction. Patients in stages 1 and 2 presented with normal puretone thresholds and DPOAEs, suggesting that cochlear functioning in these patients was normal. Early cochlear dysfunction, thereby indicating a subclinical hearing loss, was identified in stages 3, 4 and 5 by DPOAE testing. In addition, blood test results, drug intake and concomitant conditions were recorded and analysed which suggested a relationship between reduced cochlear functioning and increased electrolyte levels, treatment regimens and concomitant conditions.Conclusion: Participants in the later stages of CKD presented with early cochlear dysfunction, presenting with subclinical hearing loss. It was postulated that this subclinical hearing loss resulted from a combination of electrolytic, urea and creatinine imbalances, together with concomitant medical conditions and ototoxic drug intake. It was concluded that audiological monitoring be included in the management of patients with CKD and that DPOAEs be introduced as part of the test battery to monitor cochlear function in patients with varying degrees of CKD.