bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinergisme Jamur Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae Dengan Insektisida Kimia untuk Meningkatkan Mortalitas Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Hasyim Ahsol , Setiawati Wiwin , Hudayya Abdi , Luthfy NFN
Published: January 2017

Hama ulat bawang  Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adalah salah satu hama penting pada tanaman bawang di Indonesia.  Jamur entomopatogen terutama Metarhizium anisopliae telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama serangga. Efektivitas jamur entomopatogen, M. anisopliae  bila diaplikasikan  secara tunggal untuk pengendalian hama hasilnya belum memuaskan. Namun apabila jamur entomopatogen M. anisopliae  dicampurkan  dengan insektisida kimia untuk mengendalikan hama memberikan hasil yang memuaskan. Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui sinergisme campuran jamur entomopatogen, M. anisopliae dengan insektisida kimia  terhadap mortalitas larva S. exigua instar 3 di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Juni sampai Oktober  2014. Larva S. exigua dikumpulkan dari pertanaman petani bawang merah di daerah Cirebon Jawa Barat dan diperbanyak di Rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap kegiatan yaitu (1) uji pendahuluan dosis jamur M. anisopliae dan dosis insektisida kimia dan (2) uji campuran jamur M. anisopliae dengan dosis sublethal insektisida kimia. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan.  Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 24 jam sampai dengan 168 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC 50 insektisida kimia yang terendah diperoleh dari insektisida Abamektin yaitu 482, 34 ppm dan yang teringgi diperoleh dari jamur M. anisopliae yaitu 1.189, 83 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai LC50 campuran insektisida, campuran jamur M. anisopliae  dengan insektisida abamektin menunjukkan efektivitas sinergistik dan meningkatkan efikasi 24,45  kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan jamur M. anisopliae  secara tunggal. Kombinasi jamur  entomopatogen dengan insektisida konsentrasi sublethal dapat meningkatkan kemampuan jamur entomopatogen dalam mengendalikan S. exigua dan sehingga dapat memperlambat terjadinya resistensi insektisida.
Editorial - Performance Philosophy Vol 2(2)
Authors: Cull � Maoilearca Laura , Gotman K�lina , Katsouraki Eve , Schmidt Theron
Published: January 2017

This editorial introduces Vol 2 No 2 of�Performance Philosophy.
PRAWO RZYMSKIE JAKO PODSTAWA PROJEKTÓW KODYFIKACYJNYCH W DAWNEJ POLSCE
Authors: Sondel Janusz
Published: January 2017

Ił DIRITTO ROMANO QUALE BASE NEI PROGETTI DI CODIFICAZIONE NELL’ANTICA POLONIATra i diversi settori, ove si puó constatare l’influsso del diritto Romano sul diritto dell’antica Polonia, e necessario ricordare inanzi tutto l’utilizzo di questo diritto quale materia prima nei tentativi di codificazione del diritto polacco. Questi tentativi non diedero tuttavia grandi risultati, il che fece si che praticamente 1’unica codificazione compredente il complesso del diritto in Polonia, prima della sua spartizione, fossero costituiti dagli Statuti di Casimiro il Grande, risalenti alla metà del XIV secolo. Altre raccolte uffîciali erano solo un semplice riordino cronologico delle normative oppure comprendevano solamente un determinato settore del diritto o ad uno specifico territorio.In questa situazione, data la mancanza di codificazione uffîciali si diede importanza ai progetti elaborati, i quali venivano applicati nella prassi giuridica. In gran parte i loro autori erano persone con istruzione giuridica, lo si desume dalfinflusso del diritto romano sui loro elaborati. Questi influssi sono anche evidenti negli Statuti di Casimiro il Grande pur essendo molto più numerosi nei progetti di codificazione corne lus Polonicum Sigismundinum (I metà del XVI secolo) di Maciej Sliwnicki, il quale fondô il suo elaborato sul diritto romano, nonché nella raccolta posteriore, la cosidetta Correctura iurium. Numerosi elementi romanistici, li rilevano anche le opere di Bartlomiej Groicki, risalenti alla metà del XVI secolo, che vennero applicate nelle prassi delle città polacche, locate sul diritto di Magdeburgo nonché i progetti delle codificazioni délia Prussia. Tra questi ultimi mérita particolare attenzione Jus Culmense Revisum (1594), la quaîe è costituita da una raccolta di leggi dal ricco contenuto romanistico. Molti altri esempi dell’applicazione del diritto romano, compendenti le citazioni testuali délia Codificazione di Giustiniano, li possiamo trovare nel Codice di Anrzej Zamojski del 1778.
LAUDATORES W PROCESIE RZYMSKIM
Authors: Mossakowski Wiesław
Published: January 2017

LAUDATORES IM RÖMISCHEN PROZESSLaudatores waren in römischen Strafsachen der Republikzeit sui generis Zeuge oder Bürge. Ihre Aussagen (testimonia) wurden laudationes genannt. Laudatores machten aber keine Aussagen über Tatsachen, die mit dem Begehen des Verbrechens durch den Angeklagten zusammenhängten (crimen), sondern waren durch den Verteidigen bestellt, um die Moral der Angeklagten zu bestätigen. Die Argumentation der laudatores hatte keinen rechtlichen Charakter. Damit sollte die Ehrlichkeit des Lebens des Angeklagten bestätigt werden. Laudationes waren bekannt bereits vor dem Entstehen der regelrechtlichen Gerichtsbarkeit (quaestionesperpetuae) und des Klagestrafprozesses (vor der Verabschiedung lex Calpurnia de repetundis von 149 v.Chr.) Die Rolle und Bedeutung laudatores ist dem altertümlichen Autoren wie Cicero, Ln Verrem 2,5,22,57; Asconius, in Scaurem 28; Quintilianus, Lnstitutio oratoria 5,7,1; Tacitus, Dialogus 36 zu entnehmen. In Strafprozessen wurden grundsätzlich 10 laudatores zugelassen, dabei könnten aber auch schriftliche Aussagen vorgebracht werden. Der Autor ist der Meinung, dass laudatores hauptsächlich im Ermittlungsverfahren (inquisitio) verhört wurden und ihre niedergeschriebenen Aussagen vor dem Gericht vorgetragen wurden. Nur zehn von ihnen wurden unmittelbar zum Prozess zugelassen.
JULIAN, ULPIAN I NIETYPOWA POŻYCZKA. ZASTOSOWANIE ANALOGII W ROZWAŻANIACH PRAWNICZYCH
Authors: Kacprzak Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

JULIAN, ULPIAN AND THE ATYPICAL LOAN: ON ANALOGY AS APPLIED IN LEGAL REASONINGSummary The paper concerns the legal controversy as to the possibility of transforming a debt that is due under a contract of mandate or any other consensual contract into a loan by means of a bare agreement (pactum). Under such an agreement the creditor would entitle his debtor to keep the equivalent of the debt – which already existed between them – as a loan. The discussion took place between Julian, the eminent jurist of the midsecond-century A.D, and Ulpian, the jurist of the first half of the third century A.D. Julian argued against the possibility of classifying the contract in question as a loan. His arguments were based on analogy, distinction, and reductio ad absurdum (D.17,1,34 pr.). Ulpian, on the other hand, defended the possibility that was ruled out by his predecessor. Interestingly enough, the latter relies on analogy as his main argument as well. His conclusion is drawn, however, from analogy with the very same situation which Julian considered distinct from the case in question (D. 12,1,15). In the article, it is argued that this diversity of opinions can be explained by the different interpretations of the characteristic of the loan as a real contract. From Julian’s standpoint, this characteristic required the loan to be the title of acquisition by the borrower of ownership of money or things that are thereby considered the object of the loan: if the money or things were acquired on any other grounds, no loan could be construed (not to mention the case where the debtor does not – materially – acquire any money at all). Ulpian, on the other hand, was concerned not as much with the material substrate of the loan as with the economical calculus: in this perspective, indeed, the agreement – which tended to replace the hitherto debt by the loan-debt of the same amount – turned out to be a perfect substitution of a double payment, which would lead to the same effect. It is important to note one of the consequences to which Ulpian’s reasoning could lead: the possibility that someone who has never obtained any money from anyone or indeed never had them, nevertheless could be considered to have borrowed them (e.g. someone obliged to pay damages is entitled by the creditor to keep the amounts due as a loan of money that he never materially obtained). In order to accept this consequence, some serious redefinition of the concept of the loan as a real contract seems necessary, to say the least. The paper argues that – when ruling out the transformation – Julian strove to avoid accepting this very consequence.
O PRZYSPOSOBIENIACH I EMANCYPACJACH ORAZ O INNYCH SPOSOBACH USTANIA WŁADZY OJCOWSKIEJ 7 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: January 2017

O PRZYSPOSOBIENIACH I EMANCYPACJACH ORAZ O INNYCH SPOSOBACH USTANIA WŁADZY OJCOWSKIEJ 7 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
CZYM JEST WNIOSEK, CZYM USTAWA, CZYM PLEBISCYT, CZYM PRZYWILEJ. AULUS GELLIUS, NOCE ATTYCKIE 10,20 TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: January 2017

CZYM JEST WNIOSEK, CZYM USTAWA, CZYM PLEBISCYT, CZYM PRZYWILEJ. AULUS GELLIUS, NOCE ATTYCKIE 10,20 TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
PARADOKS BEZKARNOŚCI PRZESTĘPSTWA SKARBOWEGO
Authors: Prusak Feliks
Published: January 2017

Paradox Concerning Fiscal Crime ImpunitySummary The Penal Fiscal Code allows in some cases criminal impunity when the offender offers a justified correction of his tax declaration and compensates the public law due charge. The analysis concerns the art. 16a of the Penal Fiscal Code considered a lex specialis compared to the art. 16 of the same code regulating the conditions of applying active repentance.
‘CURA AQUARUM’ W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM
Authors: Kamińska Renata
Published: January 2017

‘CURA AQUARUM’ IN ROMAN LAW Summary The supervision over public waters was one of the most important tasks of Roman administration. In the republic the control and protection of public waters belonged to censors and aediles since there was no separate offices relevant exclusively in this extent. Firstly, censors were responsible for maintaining the proper water status in the Tiber as well as the prevention and removal of the devastation caused by periodic flooding. Secondly, were their tasks related to supply water to the City of Rome. They took care to ensure both continuity of water supplies, as well as they were also required to maintain the state aqueducts. In turn, aediles exercised the control over the central distribution and water quality.  The proper cura aquarum developed in the principate together with the establishment of the office curatores aquarum. They were appointed on the initiative of Octavian Augustus in 11 BC on the basis of the senatus consultum de aquaeductibus. This office gradually strengthened. This was reflected in the gradual takeover by curatores functions so far carried out by aediles and censors. In 11 (15) BC a new office of curatores riparum et alvei Tiberis was established, which in the year 101 the Emperor Hadrian transformed into curatores riparum et alvei Tiberis et cloacarum Urbis. Curatores riparum occupied the highest position in the hierarchy of cura aquarum.
O SENATORACH 9 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: January 2017

O SENATORACH 9 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
PRAWO JEST WSZĘDZIE
Authors: Hattenhauer Hans , Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2017

PRAWO JEST WSZĘDZIE
ZAWSZE WIERNY ŚWIĘTEJ PAMIĘCI ANDRZEJA KREMERA (1961-2010)
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: January 2017

ZAWSZE WIERNY ŚWIĘTEJ PAMIĘCI ANDRZEJA KREMERA (1961-2010)
„PRZYJAZNY CUDZOZIEMIEC”. UCIECZKA I DŁUGA DROGA ADOLFA BERGERA DO STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH (1938-1942)
Authors: Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2017

„A FRIENDLY ALIEN”. ADOLF BERGER’S ESCAPE AND A LONG WAY TO THE UNITED STATES (1938-1942)Summary Adolf Berger (1882-1962) belongs to the group of the most illustrious world romanists. Among his many eminent works one must not forget to quote the monumental “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law”. Berger was born in Lwów in a Jewish family. During his whole life he felt strong connections with Poland. This attitude found its most significant expression after the World War I. Despite his perfect knowledge of German  and rich contacts in German speaking countries, Berger offered his services to the reborn Poland. Therefore from 1919 to 1938 he was working as a secretary and then as a legal advisor for the Polish Consulate in Vienna. During that time he did not ceased his research in the field of Roman law. Shortly after Anschluß he left Austria and moved to France and later to Italy. Escaping from the Nazis, he finally settled in New York where he found refuge and could resume his scientific work. His abandonment of Vienna and a long journey to the United States was possible only due to his Polish citizenship.
‘REMOTIO AB ORDINEM’ WYDALENIE DEKURIONA (RADNEGO) Z ‘ORDO DECURIONUM’ (RADY MIASTA)
Authors: Sitek Bronisław
Published: January 2017

‘REMOTIO AB ORDINEM’. COUNCILLORS’ (‘DECURIO’) EXPULSION FROM THE CITY COUNCIL (‘ORDO DECURIONUM’) Summary In the light of the Polish law every citizen who has all civil rights can perform a function of a councillor. Polish legislation, with the exception of the requirement of age, does not introduce any further formal requirements for candidates for that office. A councillor needs not to have any professional or moral qualifications. Although there are codes of councillors’ conduct which relate to such values as honesty and integrity, however they do not introduce any sanctions for their violation. Source analysis shows that in the Roman law the major causes of expulsion from the city council include: conducting an immoral life, performing an infamous profession (actual infamy), conviction on the basis of a disgracing civil action (iudicia privata) or a disgracing public action (iudicia publica) and criminal expulsion from the army (missio ignominiosa). To the professions causing infamy were also included such professions as gladiator, actor, herald, gravedigger, or guardian in a theatre. Civil actions disgracing lost party were: fiduciae actio pro socio, actio tutelae, actio mandati. To the disgracing civil actions, but with the tort nature, were also included actio porter, actio iniuriarum and actio lot. Sentencing in the public was always associated with an additional penalty that generated discredit on the honour, or to infamy. The same was in the case of criminal deportation from the army.
PRZYJĘCIE SPADKU Z DOBRODZIEJSTWEM INWENTARZA. OD PRAWA JUSTYNIAŃSKIEGO DO KODEKSU CYWILNEGO
Authors: Świrgoń-Skok Renata
Published: January 2017

Accepting Inheritance with the Benefit of the Inventory. From Justinian Law to the Civil CodeSummary The Justinian model, limiting the heir’s liability for inherited debt by means of benefit of the inventory, found a lasting place in the later private jurisprudence and received confirmation in the modern age codification of the civil law (ABGB, Napoleonic Code, BGB). Created in the Justinian code, beneficium inventarii was also adopted in the Polish succession law. It found its way to Polish legislation by way of the “great civil codes” in force in the territory of Poland in the time of partitions and after the country regained independence in 1918. Similarly, the unified and codified succession laws of Poland after World War II stipulated, beside the simple inheritance acceptance, also the acquisition of inheritance with beneficium inventarii. Other contemporary systems of legislation also apply the solutions adopted in the Roman law with regard to limiting the liability for inherited debt, e.g. Art. 7774 of French CC; § 1975 of German BGB. Both in Justinian’s legislation and in Polish laws acceptance of inheritance with the benefit of the inventory was an exception to the general rule which stipulated that the heir had unlimited liability for inherited debt. Receiving inheritance with beneficium inventarii limited the heir’s liabilities for the inherited debt in accordance with the property inventory. But in Justinian’s law the heir’s liability was based only on the inherited assets (cum viribus hereditatis) while in Polish legislation it resulted from the active value of the legacy (pro viribus hereditatis).
KAZUS ZŁOTEGO TRÓJNOGA A PRZEDMIOT SPRZEDAŻY W KONTRAKCIE ‘EMPTIO SPEI’
Authors: Wyrwińska Karolina
Published: January 2017

THE CASE OF THE GOLDEN TRIPOD AND THE SUBJECT OF SALE IN THE CONTRACT OF ‘EMPTIO SPEI’Summary The article analyzes the question of the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei. The starting point for this study is the source document by Valerius Maximus, describing the case of finding a golden tripod by fishermen, who before sailing out sold the result of their work to Miletus merchants. After the return of the fishermen a dispute arose over whom the find should be awarded to: the sellers or the buyers. The solution to this particular case depends on the accepted position on the subject of sale in the contract called the sale of hope. Literature of the subject presents four views on the matter. According to the first one, the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei is hope itself. However according to the second view it is the item, the subject that will appear in the future. The third among the presented views proclaims that the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei is alternatively: hope of obtaining the item or the item itself, depending on the achieved result. The fourth view, in which the consensual contract calls for receiving a subject nonexistent in the moment of sale, should not be qualified as the contract of purchase-sale. The article presents advantages ad disadvantages arising from accepting each of these views. Considering all of the mentioned views on the subject the author regards the second opinion, according to which the contract of emptio spei is always res future as the best. Accepting this opinion allows to evaluate the time of perfectio of sale, allows naming the subject of obligation of the seller as well as the range of liability of the parties arising from the title of failure to perform or improper performance of the contract.
OCHRONA KONSUMENTA NA PRZEŁOMIE EPOK – INSTYTUCJA RĘKOJMI W PRAWIE NAJNOWSZYM
Authors: Falkowska Anna
Published: January 2017

CONSUMER PROTECTION AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY –WARRANTY IN MODERN POLISH LAW Summary The presented article is devoted to development of warranty institution in the Polish modern law. The time frames of this article include the period between 1918 and 2003. The first date marks the beginning of the independent Polish country after the Second World War. The second date is connected with introducing in Poland a new law which implements the European Union directive. This new law concerns consumers and instead of a traditional warranty it introduces a new term of conformity with the contract.
FRANCUSKIE PRAWO HANDLOWE NA PRZEŁOMIE XIX I XX WIEKU. KODEKS HANDLOWY NAPOLEONA Z 1807 R. A JEGO DEKODYFIKACJA
Authors: Klimaszewska Anna
Published: January 2017

French Commercial Law at the Turn of the XXth Century. The Code of Napoleon from 1807 and its DecodificationSummary The French „Code de Commerce” of 1807 is one of five legal acts known as the great napoleonian codifications. They have been created in the spirit of the quest for the ideal modern legislation that was supposed to last as long as possible. Unfortunately unlike the „Code Civil” the „Code de Commerce” in its original form lasted only 30 years. This was owed to many various factors related to the code itself but also the legal doctrines of the time and the socio-economical environment in which it was created. As a result it has undergone the so called „process of decodification” involving a shift of code matter from the code itself into other legal acts.
O URZĘDZIE PREFEKTA PRETORIANÓW 11 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: January 2017

O URZĘDZIE PREFEKTA PRETORIANÓW 11 TYTUŁ 1 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW TEKST − TŁUMACZENIE − KOMENTARZ
ZNACZENIE KONSTYTUCJI TURECKIEJ Z 1961 ROKU DLA ROZWOJU IDEI PAŃSTWA PRAWNEGO W TURCJI
Authors: Adamczyk Andrzej
Published: January 2017

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE 1961 TURKISH CONSTITUTION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE RULED BY LAW IDEA IN TURKEY Summary The article is devoted to description of the 1961 Turkish Constitution as an important step to bring the idea of the state ruled by law in Turkey. The main lines of the first constitution in republican Turkey, that of 1924, and some political abuses which the Menderes government made in the 1950-1960 period were presented at the beginning of the article for better understanding of novelties brought by the second republican Turkish Constitution of 1961. As regards the main subject of the article, the circumstances of constitutional debates, the constitutional principles, new regulations of the state-individual relations as well as the structure of public authorities in the constitution in question were analyzed.
USTRÓJ I SPOŁECZEŃSTWO GALIJSKIE W ŚWIETLE ‘DE BELLO GALLICO’ CEZARA
Authors: Korporowicz Łukasz Jan
Published: January 2017

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF GAULS IN THE LIGHT OF CAESAR’S ‘DE BELLO GALLICO’Summary Caesar’s De bello Gallico is currently the only source of our knowledge about ancient Celtic law. Careful reading of Caesar’s work let modern scholars to describe some general principles of Celtic legal order. It is, however, important to remember that De bello Gallico was not a legal treaty and was not written by a lawyer. Additionally it can be assumed that Caesar used his work as a tool of political propaganda. All those circumstances encumber a precise analysis of Gallic law. The most specific information about Gallic law described in De bello Gallico concerns political organization of Gauls and their society. Caesar wrote about general assembly of all Gallic tribes, general assembly of the druids, some local assemblies and tribal officials. He wrote also quite extensively about private law e.g. about segregation of the society (druids, aristocracy, commoners, slaves), clients, family relations.
NIEZREALIZOWANA KODYFIKACJA PRAWA ŁUŻYCKIEGO NA ŚLĄSKU W POŁOWIE XIX STULECIA
Authors: Kruszewski Tomasz
Published: January 2017

UNREALIZED CODIFICATION OF LUSATIA’S LAW IN SILESIA IN THE MID – 19TH CENTURYSummary The statement refers to designed codification of Lusatia’s law, which was in effect (from 1815) in Prussian Upper Lusatia up to that time. There had been Saxon law so far, which saved operative power after had being connected to the area of Prussia during deliberation of the Congress of Vienna. When law was sorted in Prussia in the mid – 19th century two schemes of codifications – the first for Silesia and the second for Upper Lusatia – were formulated in Silesian province, Upper Lusatia belonged to it. But after the Spring Peoples the possibility of sustaining principle of law’s particularism was refused. In that time development of the capitalist economic relationships included solidity of law in particular country and in that case the idea of possibility to in every provinces or in every cities could exist narrow legal norms relating to small area.
GENEZA I PROFIL CZECHOSŁOWACKIEGO PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO I REPUBLIKI W LATACH 1918-1938
Authors: Leszczyński Paweł A.
Published: January 2017

GENESIS AND PROFILE OF CZECHOSLOVAK ECCLESIASTICAL LAW TURING THE PERIOD OF 1ST REPUBLIC 1918-1938Summary The aim of this article is to describe original model Church – State relationships in interwar Czechoslovakia. It was democratic and secular state. During of this period Czechoslovak ecclesiastical law was mixed composition of two factors: partially austrohungarian and modern and modern and liberal conception of human and civil rights. Legal documents First Czechoslovak Republic considered the guarantee values of modern constitutionalism as: freedom, equality before the law, rule of law, justice, protection of national minorities rights. Legal status of denominational communities since beginning this state to collapse in 1938 (after illegal Munich Agreement, which was signed by Hitler, Mussolini, Daladier and Chamberlain) was considered. The article describe also historical heritage of confessional relations, the relation of political forces and persons (for example first President T.G. Masaryk) to religion and churches in this period, legal ground of freedom of conscience and religion and opportunities for teaching religion at public schools.
SYSTEM PODATKÓW BEZPOŚREDNICH POLSKI MIĘDZYWOJENNEJ W PIERWSZYCH LATACH POLSKI LUDOWEJ
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej
Published: January 2017

THE SYSTEM OF DIRECT TAXES OF INTERWAR POLAND IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF POLAND Summary The process of building the system of direct taxes of the People’s Republic of Poland was initiated in 1946. The tax legislation from before September 1939 which had been used until then was abolished. The urgency and scale of expenses which the Polish Committee of the National Liberation had to finance resulted in a decision in 1944 to temporarily use the prewar tax system despite the fundamental change of the political system of the state. Already in 1944 the prewar system of direct taxes was simplified by abolishing some taxes of smaller fiscal significance. The prewar acts of law on the turnover tax and income tax, after changes which deepened their fiscal nature, lost their binding force as of 1st January 1946. Moreover, the decree of 18th August 1945 on the employment tax replaced on 1st September 1945 the so far binding regulations of section II “Taxation of income from service emoluments, pensions and remunerations from hired work” of the act of 16th July 1920 on the national income tax. The system of national direct taxes supplemented the decree of 13th April 1945 on the emergency tax on war enrichment.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Kritik atas Contradictio in Terminis Pasal 55 Undang-undang no. 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah)
Authors: Noor Cahyadi Thalis
Published: January 2017

The developing of Islamic banking is an interesting phenomenon in the world society, especially in the Moslem countries. Indonesia as the biggest Moslem country has magnitude potential to develop and innovate in the integrated system especially through creating regulations and laws. However, in the process lot of problems arise, particularly in the matter of dispute resolve. The law of religious court states that the dispute of Islamic banking under its authority. But the law of sharia banking states that there is option to solve the dispute. It can be through the religious court or through the general court. It depends on the will of the parties. This article will explore about contradiction in terminis in the law of sharia banking.
Keyword: sengketa, kewenangan, regulasi, penyelesaian, pertentangan, kontradiksi
KONASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN ARABIC TERMS DAN DESKRIPSI FINANCE SCHEME DALAM PEMASARAN PRODUK BANK SYARIAH (Analisa Pada Masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta)
Authors: Ghani Abdul
Published: January 2017

Abstract Sharia Banking in Indonesia have walked more or less two a decay and experience of the very growth of signifikan from year to year. But that progress not yet happened flattenedly. Because if comparated with the conventional bank growth is walked in advance mount the smaller that percentage a long way off. One of effort to increase enthusiasm of client of Indonesia Bank with the program of development of market segment and program the product development. During the time strive the product development of Sharia Banking more emphasizing at of service form and its transaction. Innovate to product of Sharia Banking even also is from time to time non-stoped to be developed and improved. Even to simply to differentiating characteristic among/between Sharia Banking with the conventional bank, crowded Sharia Banking embolden the islamication and arabication symbol and also its products. the symbol Eksklusivitas look coherent at name of product of Sharia Banking which always place forward the Arab terms (istilah-istilah arab), without reference to efficiency and the efektifity term use among plural society. Matter of that's becoming writer rationale to conduct this research This research analyse the arabic terms what is a lot of used in product of Sharia Banking, later then comparate with the use of finance scheme descripition explored with the terms have Indonesian. This research take the sample of urban community of Yogyakarta because assessed to represent the strategic region. Pursuant to hypothesizing, there no willingness difference of society konasi to use of arabic terms and use of finance scheme description in a few its product. type of Sample research used by cluster random sampling. This type of used by because wishing to know there is do not it him difference of society willingness of according to background of education and profession type/work. Sample research as much 150 respondent which is taken away from some of urban community Yogyakarta. In analyzing data gathered to be used aid of analyzer of data SPSS 17. Research analysis conducted through/passing test of two related sample test with the test analyse the sign test, k-independent sample test with the test analyse the Kruskal Wallis, and the two-independent sample test with the test analyse the Mann Whitney U test. Result of research show there are difference of society willingness to term use (arabic terms) and finance scheme description. Society more wishing of finance scheme description to be used in product marketing of sharia banking compared by Arabic terms. Keywords: arabic terms, finance scheme description, willingness, marketing, product.
MEKANISME KLIRING PADA PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Salam Abdul
Published: January 2017

Abstract Clearing is derived from English "to clear" meaning settlement, while the meaning of the clearing is good electronic financial data between banks or between the client resolved calculation results in a certain time. In the implementation of this clearing, clearing services client in this exploit is represented by the bank. Thus, in Islam the activity is often called as wakalah. The aim of this study is to find out how the mechanism clearing system running on Conventional Banks, and how Islamic outlook about the system, including categories of interest or not. In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis method and more closer to study literature (library research) plus a little interview with employees of the Bank. The results of study that emphasize the study of this literature is the case of the grant of the bank overdraft services require customers to refund loan of approximately 5% above the highest rate in the bank in a month. In the same cases, Bank gives sanction to the customer to check for empty and termination of client giral blacklisted by a bank. This could be allowed under Islam law, due to before dropping the sanctions, warning that the banks were giving our customers don’t draw a blank check anymore. Keywords: Clearing Mechanism, wakalah, overdraft, Conventional Banks, Islamic perspective
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP PERILAKU BERAMAL (CHARITABLE BEHAVIOR) MASYARAKAT KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maulida Sri
Published: January 2017

Abstract The aim of this research is to know the effect of religiosity on charitable behavior at the society of Yogyakarta City. The charitable behavior in this research is the concept from Islam paradigm e.g. Zakat, Infak, Sadaqah and Waqf. This research is field research by using a quantitative approach. The population of this research is all people at Yogyakarta City. It used judgment sampling method with a sample of 100 Moslem respondents at Yogyakarta City, and it used simple regression techniques to analyze the data. Variables such as religiosity, intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity and Islamic doctrine are studied by their potency to influence the charitable behavior at Yogyakarta. Keywords: religiosity, charitable behavior.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PEMBIAYAAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENDAPATAN (Studi Kasus di BMT Artha Barokah Yogyakarta 2012)
Authors: Putra Amrizal , Yunadi Ahmad
Published: January 2017

Abstract KJKS BMT is an institution that serves as an intermediary (Intermediary Institution) ﬁ nancial, KJKS BMT third -party funds to the public. Among them are mudharabah and Musharaka. The background of this research is that the prospects of the business, customer performance, and the ability to pay is a factor that is used to measure the effectiveness of customer revenue Artha Barokah BMT. This study was conducted to determine whether the business prospect, customer performance, and the ability to pay affect the revenues of the BMT Artha Barokah customers. Type of research is a ﬁ eld (ﬁ eld reserch) with documentation of data collection methods, because the data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the customer data is ﬁ lled directly. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression testing using classical linear regression aberration test and statistical tests . Results of t test analysis showed that each of the independent variables signiﬁ cantly affect the revenues of customers in BMT Artha Yogyakarta blessing . In the F test shows that the performance of the independent variables and the ability of customers to pay a signiﬁ cant effect while the prospects do not signiﬁ cantly inﬂ uence customers’ budget revenues. The determinansi coefﬁ cient ( R ² ) of 0.440 , which means that the budget revenue on customer BMT Artha Barokah able to be explained by the independent variables was 44.0 % and the remaining 56.0 % is inﬂ uenced by other variables outside the model of this study Keywords: BMT, Financing Quality, The Effectiveness of Income
PENGARUH PEMAKAI DAN KONFLIK PEMAKAI TERHADAP KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DENGAN LIMA VARIABEL MODERATING DI SKPD PEKANBARU
Authors: Setiorini Kusumaningdiah Retno
Published: January 2017

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the inﬂ uence of users and user conﬂ ict on the quality of accounting information systems with superior support, user communications developer, the complexity of the task, the complexity of the system, the user experience as a variable moderating. The method used survey method with processed primary data obtained from the questionnaire. The population in this study was 98 SKPD Pekanbaru which has a function as a task of ﬁ nancial matters relating to the quality of accounting information systems with the number of samples that can be analyzed as much data as 78 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Test data validation and reliability of respondent data using Pearson product moment and Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed (1) Effect of users positive effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (2) Conﬂ ict users will not negatively affect the quality of accounting information system. (3) The inﬂ uence of supervisor support moderated wearer no positive effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (4) The effect of the user moderated user communications developer is not a positive inﬂ uence on the quality of accounting information systems. (5) Effect of users moderated complexity of the task is not a positive inﬂ uence on the quality of accounting information systems. (6) The effect of the user moderated system complexity is not a positive inﬂ uence on the quality of accounting information systems. (7) Effect of the wearer moderated user experience no positive effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (8) Conﬂ ict wearer superior failed to support moderated negative effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (9) Conﬂ ict wearer user communication moderated the developer is not a negative effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (10) The conﬂ ict wearer moderated complexity of the task is not a negative effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (11) Conﬂ icts user moderated system complexity is not a negative effect on the quality of accounting information systems. (12) Conﬂ icts wearer moderated user experience a negative effect on the quality of accounting information system. Keywords: inﬂ uence of users, user conﬂ ict, supervisor support, user communications developer, the complexity of the task, the complexity of the system, the user experience.
STRATEGI ADAPTASI PEDAGANG ANGKRINGAN DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN EKSISTENSI HIDUP STUDI DI KAWASAN JL. K.H. ALI MAKSUM KRAPYAK YOGYAKARTA (Perbandingan Antara Angkringan Tradisional Versus Angkringan Modern)
Authors: . Kurniati
Published: January 2017

Abstract The theme of this research on adaptation strategies angkringan traders to exist in the face of the dynamics of life in the surrounding area of Jl. K.H. Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Researchers want to know how the strategy or the efforts made by angkringan traders in order to maintain his existence and how social capital, which in turn play a role in these efforts. The strategy can be formulated as an effort to maintain his existence as a angkringan’s trader around Jl. K.H. Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research using descriptive qualitative method. In this study, there are two classiﬁ cations of traders who hung (trade) around the area of Jl. K.H. Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta, which is used as one of the objects of informants, namely traders patterned angkringan traditional and modern. Through the narrative they can know how the efforts and strategies undertaken to maintain his existence in the face of the dynamics of life in the surrounding area of Jl. K.H. Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The strategy is one of them is to increase infrastructure facilities in Angkringan, such as a more representative (wider), Television, snacks are varied, not only the main menu as in angkringan others. In this study found the factors underlying the existence of traders angkringan and efforts are being made to defend themselves in the face of the local economy. Keywords: Existence, Strategy adaptation, Angkringan Traders, Krapyak Bantul.
Perkembangan Fisik Dan Mental Balita
Authors: Badriah Laelatul
Published: January 2017

This research is conducted to know growth of physical and mental child, the subject at this research is Muhammad Lutfillah age 2 year, first child from two harmonious couple, problem formula which raised in this research is how growth of physical and mental specially at research object and generally age child two years and problem of any kind of faced a period of the age of two year.

The method of data collection is observation, documentation and interview. The theory of this research is growth theories which isn't it psychology experts. The result of this research indicate that: (1). Growth of physical of Lutfillah natural is normal growth like growth children. (2). Growth mental natural Lutfillah of equal quality like the growth of physical of normal, but in growth bounce him can assess lutfi have excess and weakness. (3). Growth of social Lutfillah sosialization can be better, obideint and bright to malleable and attention of behaviour and others.

 

Keywords: Growth, physical, mental.  
Kepuasan Kerja Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Ilyasir Fiska
Published: January 2017

This article attempts to discuss the impact of job satisfaction of teachers in Indonesia to their performance as professional educators. There are several factors that affect their satisfaction of the teacher. Psychological factor, which is related to mental and attitudes, including interest, talent, and skills; Social factor, that related to their social interaction with superiors, colleagues, students, and community. Physical factors, the factor related to the condition of the school such as policies that applied, type of work, working time, school facilities, teaching equipment facilities, teacher's office. teacher physical conditions like health, age, and so on. Financial factors that associated with security and welfare, including sallary, social security, work promotion, and so on. All of these factors certainly can not be changed only by the teacher, but they also need help from external parties, both government and society.

 

Keyword: Professional Educators
Peran Kepala Madrasah Wanita Dalam Pengelolaan Penerimaan Siswa Baru Di Mi Maarif Brajan Banjararum Kalibawang Kulon Progo
Authors: Salim Ahmad
Published: January 2017

Among the principal’s role is to manage the educational institution in getting the number of new students in accordance with the standards that have been done, so it can run educational prosess normally. This study was conducted to find out the role of Principle MI Maarif Brajan Banjar Arum Kalibawang Kulon Progo in getting new students. This study becomes very important due to the Principle MI Maarif is a woman who has a limited step compared with men, but since her leadership the number of new students was increasing. The results showed that the priciple MI Maarif may act as a manager, leader and supervisor and therefore contributes to the satisfaction of internal and external environment prospective student input. Some supporting factors such as the qualification and competence of the Principle MI Maarif Brajan are qualified and religius societie’s sect is same as MI Maarif Brajan Banjararum Kalibawang Kulon Progo.

 

Keyword: woman principle’s role, management new students
Sosio-Historis Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia Pada Era Orde Baru
Authors: Akhmadi Misyroh
Published: January 2017

The new order era efford’s to improve the quality of human resources is done through the development of alignment between islamic schools (madrasah) and schools. The reign of new order era beginning with the collapse of the old order to do some serious efforts to improve the alignment. This paper will explaint the development of Islamic education in the new order era in the socio-historical context. Writing begins with the reign of the early efforts of the new order era in making policies to align islamic schools and schools. It was developed with the implementation of the policy of the new order era to improve the quality and quantity of viable islamic shools that align with the school on a variety of dimensions. The lates, be concluded with the results of development policies on the quality and quantity of the various dimensions of the islamic school, either in the curriculum or civil effect causes.

 

Keyword; Islamic education, sosio –history contect  
Implementasi Pengembangan Soft Skill Mahasiswa Pgmi Dalam Pembelajaran Sains Di Min 1 Wonosari Yang Bervisi Karakter Bangsa
Authors: Agung Rokhimawan Moh.
Published: January 2017

The development of science and technology today is very fast, it can not be dammed again, and in fact all elements of society feel the impact of these developments. With the advancement of science and technology now Indonesian society in general forced to literacy Saintek to sustain life in the present and future. The results of a survey conducted in the UK showed that about 30 % of workers use science in some aspects of his work . This situation is expected to continue to increase from year to year . The results of a similar survey also showed that competence is most often used by workers is the competence to solve problems, work in teams, and communicate . The second survey showed a similar thing, which both point to the same three competencies : problem solving, working in teams, and communicate . It's all included components Soft Skill. The method used is the method of development up to implementation. demonstrated that the results of observation in science learning that has been implemented in MIN 1 Wonosari got an average score of 115 with a good category " B ". And the formation of character is evident in perubahanya include : increased student atusias, curiosity has been growing, encouraged to work together in groups and are encouraged to problem solving.

 

Keyword: Soft skill, science instruction, living education
Implikasi Aliran Filsafat Pendidikan Islam Pada Manajemen Pendidikan
Authors: Salim Ahmad
Published: January 2017

The philosophy of Islamic education has less effect on the development of Islamic education journey. The concept of thinking of educational course not only from logical thinking but also from the revelation. It be the pattern of the development process as a key of instruction. There are many Islamic educational philosophy course but writer only discuss the conservative, religious-instrumental rational and pragmatic philosophy in this paper. While the figures to be discussed is Al-Ghazali represents the first course, the Ikhwan al-Safa represent the second course while Ibn Khaldun represent the third course. The effect of the course of philosophical education on management education is implementing educational philosophy in many management functions, namely the planning, implementation (classroom management)and evaluation.
Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning (Ctl)Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Pecahan Sederhana Di Kelas Iii Mi Maarif Sendang Kulon Progo
Authors: Badriah Laelatul
Published: January 2017

The background of this research is the low of student’s mathematic achievement especially on simple matter fractions third grade students at MI Maarif Sendang Kulon Progo. The Learning process is abstract. The Students don’t find the meaning of the subject matter so that it affects a perception that mathematics is difficult. One of the efforts to improve students' mathematics achievement is by applying a contextual approach. Optimally subject matter associated with real life so that students understand the learning concepts presented by teachers and find the meaning of the subject matter which is studied. The implementation of the actions is performed by two cycles of the three meetings for each cycle collaboratively. Data was collected through observation, tests, interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis was done by using qualitative descriptive analysis, by giving meaning to the data which is collected and draw conclusions from that meaning. The assessment of the validity of the data is done by using the technique of triangulation of data. The results showed that learning mathematics can be said to be a simple matter fractions through contextual approach because it reflects the 7 principles of CTL and contextual learning mathematics through an approach can increase student’s achievement than class average of 67.00 increased to 78.33 .
Peran Ekstrakurikuler Dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Santri Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Hidayat Nur
Published: January 2017

The results showed: (1) existing extracurricular at Islamic boarding school daughter Nurul Ummah (PPNU-Pi) is the Rural Development Team (TBD) engaged in propaganda, hadroh (Azkiya'), calligraphy, and extracurricular writing (recitation). The implementation of all extracurricular have been running well, because it was done as the existing plan. (2)The Fourth extracurricular instrumental in increasing the value of the character-Pi PPNU students namely: religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, reward achievement, communicative, love peace, likes to read, care about the environment, social care, and responsibility. (3)Factors supporting the implementation of extracurricular is motivation, a sense of sincerity, cohesiveness owned extracurricular students who follow and support provided by outside parties both administrators, caregivers and alumni, as well as the available infrastructure. While obstacle factors are insufficient infrastructure, the quality of human resources (HR) and declining vigor in performing activities less stable. Keywords: character, extracurricular