bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Narratology of the Law? Narratives in Legal Discourse
Authors: Fludernik Monika
Published: August 2023

Part II of this paper summarizes narratological approaches to the narrativity of the law. Two proposals are given extensive attention: Peter Brooks’s proposals regarding the important influence of narrative on legal decision-making, and Meir Sternberg’s analyses of the law code as narrative text. Part III, in contrast with part II, analyzes more recent examples of the genre of the law code as well as a judgment. In this section the argument consists in countering exaggerated claims for the narrativity of the law by demonstrating how narrative substrates are carefully elided in the prose of legal discourse.
Authority in the Archives
Authors: Halliday Paul
Published: August 2023

This article offers a critique of the sensory deprivation under which legal studies normally operate by exploring how material forms shape law’s substance. Archives and the objects in them used for storing precedents have a history that we must understand if we are to ascribe meaning and authority to the texts they contain. Thus the images here do not simply illustrate propositions; they raise and answer questions about how physical forms constrain what is knowable as law. We can see this by studying practices in the eighteenth-century English court of King’s Bench, and especially the manuscript precedent books made by that court’s clerks. Examining one case—of the liberal campaigner, John Wilkes—we can watch clerks shaping authority as they used indexing tools of their own making to find the crucial precedents. Those same clerks then turned the case into a precedent by storing the results in the archive over which they were masters.
Reality and Illusion
Authors: Underkuffler Laura S.
Published: August 2023

It is difficult to argue with the ideal of transparency in law. Transparency in the operation and effects of legal rules is essential if we are to evaluate the legal system under which we live. In his book, Hanoch Dagan sets forth a particularly compelling case for legal realism and its transparent approach to law. As compelling as this case is, however, I shall argue that it is not complete. Paradoxically, there are situations in which transparency in law— or the simple acceptance of realist insights—is neither practical nor wise. Indeed, I shall argue, there are situations in which subterfuge and illusion are vital, and are in fact what the public interest (if not the Constitution, or other iconic public documents) demands.
The Dialogic Community at Dusk
Authors: Ramsay Peter
Published: August 2023

Alan Brudner’s Hegelian theory of the “general part” of the criminal law offers a convincing explanation of the form taken by criminal law doctrine in liberal states. Brudner explains the general part’s elements in terms of three paradigms of individual freedom that together form what he calls a “dialogic community.” I argue here that the prevalence of harm-prevention offenses in the U.K.’s actual penal law demonstrates that there is a fundamental tension between these paradigms of freedom, one that has undermined the claims made for doctrine, the unity of the dialogic community, and the liberal state’s commitment to individual freedom.
Transatlantic Functionalism: New Deal Models and European Integration
Authors: Lindseth Peter L.
Published: August 2023

For many advocates of European integration in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the seeming example of technocratic independence under the New Deal offered a justification for the delegation of regulatory power to autonomous supranational bodies. The New Deal represented, from this perspective, the triumph of “functionalist” governance--that is, governance that evolved as a function of the problems it sought to address, rather than being determined by seemingly outdated constitutional categories (“separation of powers” in the purported case of the New Deal, “national sovereignty” in European integration). The irony, of course, was that Roosevelt’s New Deal was much less receptive, both in principle and practice, to the sort of technocratic independence that these advocates believed to be inevitable and desirable in the case of integration. Indeed, consistent with a more nuanced understanding of the New Deal model, European integration would eventually secure a durable institutional existence only after being brought more directly under the shared control and oversight of the national executives of the member states. Contrary to expectations of functionalist (and later so-called neofunctionalist) theorists, governance beyond the state in postwar Western Europe did not evolve merely as a consequence of functional demands for technocratic independence. Rather, two additional dimensions of change also proved decisive: the political--or the defense of existing institutional advantages and/or the struggle to realize new ones; and the cultural--or the mobilization of conceptions of “right” or legitimate governance in the face of purported functional and political pressures for change. As a consequence of the interplay of all three dimensions--functional, political, and cultural--European integration ultimately settled on a form of governance in which the political oversight and control of national executives played a decisive role, a feature of European supranationalism that persists to this day. Even if a measure of supranational technocratic autonomy was broadly recognized as functionally necessary to the European project, national executives worked successfully to preserve significant institutional advantages in the integration process by mobilizing conceptions of legitimacy that, for better or worse, remain wedded to national institutions to a significant degree. It was through national executive oversight--eventually supplemented by national parliamentary and national judicial oversight--that integration has been able to maintain a connection to conceptions of democratic and constitutional legitimacy on the national level, even as functional pressures seemed to warrant a shift in governance to autonomous supranational bodies.
“Society Owes Them Much”: Veteran Defendants and Criminal Responsibility in Australia in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Loughnan Arlie
Published: August 2023

Criminal responsibility now forms the subject of a rich vein of socio-historical scholarly work. But finding concrete ways to grasp the social dimension of criminal responsibility has proved challenging. This article presents one way of examining the social dimension of responsibility practices in criminal law: taking a social, rather than a traditional, or typical, legal unit of analysis, it presents a study of returned service personnel charged with serious offenses after returning home to Australia. I argue that, premised on veterans as a distinct social category, ex-soldiers are accorded special status in criminal adjudication and sentencing practices--as “veteran defendants.” The special status of “veteran defendants” has two substantive dimensions: “veteran defendants” as über-citizens, civic models or exemplars, to whom gratitude is owed and who generate responsibility in others involved in the adjudication and evaluation process, on the one hand, and legal persons with “diminished capacity” who have impaired or reduced responsibility for crime, on the other hand. These two substantive dimensions of the specialness of “veteran defendants” are underpinned by a formal quality of “veteran defendants”--that they are “see-through subjects,” both more known and more knowable than other defendants. In the Australian context, there is a historical interplay between the two substantive dimensions of the specialness of “veteran defendants,” with the latter becoming more prominent over time.
“Comparing” Jewish and Islamic Legal Traditions: Between Disciplinarity and Critical Historical Jurisprudence
Authors: Salaymeh Lena
Published: August 2023

Common modes of comparing Jewish and Islamic legal traditions are limited by deep structural assumptions that may be traced to three comparative disciplines that emerged in post-Enlightenment Europe. Comparative philology, comparative religion, and comparative law emphasized linearity and genealogy, with prejudicial and essentializing implications. This article examines how certain disciplinary methods continue to shape the underlying conceptual assumptions of Judeo-Islamic studies through a case study on circumcision, a practice shared by Jews and Muslims. When late antique circumcision is situated within its socio-political, geographic, and intellectual contexts and when it is defined in relation to its correlative terms and concepts, it becomes clear that Jews and Muslims understood and practiced circumcision in distinct ways. These heuristics of critical historical jurisprudence clarify the non-linear and overlapping relationship between Jewish and Islamic legal traditions. The implication of critical historical jurisprudence for contemporary controversies surrounding circumcision is recognizing the inadequacy and limiting consequences of modern categories and concepts.
Arts and the Aesthetic in Legal History
Authors: Kreitner Roy , Rosenberg Anat , Tomlins Christopher
Published: August 2023

This special issue of Critical Analysis of Law brings together a rich array of articles at the intersections of arts and legal history. In this introduction we reflect on some of the benefits and implications of this interdisciplinary juncture, which contemporary legal historians have been slow to engage. We highlight the significance of engaging with the arts for theoretical conundrums central to legal history: art as source, the philosophy of time, methodological scripts, and the relation of the descriptive to the normative. The arts, we argue, prove vital in tackling and breaching the limits of imagination imposed by our time and place—disciplinary place included.
The State of Blame: Politics, Competition, and the Courts in Democratic Athens
Authors: Lape Susan
Published: August 2023

Politics in democratic Athens routinely spilled over into the courts. From an Athenian perspective, this process was fundamentally democratic; it allowed the courts to provide a check on the power of individual political leaders and contributed to the view that the courts were the most democratic branch of Athenian government. That said, there were some downsides to transferring the scene of politics to the courts. When political issues and rivalries were brought into the courts, there was a tendency to render them into the court’s adversarial rhetoric. This translation of political issues into the polarizing language of judicial rhetoric in turn impoverished political reasoning and the political process. This study examines this broad process by first reviewing the culture of competitive honor that informed Athenian political and judicial practice, and then by examining how it operates in one famous and exceptionally competitive political trial in which politics and policy-making are center stage: Demosthenes’s prosecution of Aeschines for misconduct on the embassies leading to the Peace of Philocrates between Athens and Philip II of Macedon. The arguments and emotion strategies in this case indicate that intra-Athenian competition, both in and out of the courts, inflected the way foreign policy issues were conceptualized and understood, and was a factor in Athens’s inability to formulate a coherent policy and response to Philip of Macedon in the context of the Peace of Philocrates.
Law and Regime Change: The Common Law, Knowledge Regimes, and Democracy Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Parker Kunal M.
Published: August 2023

Using a change in knowledge regime as a paradigm of regime change, this paper explores the career of common law thinking in the United States between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It shows how, under the pressures of anti-foundational thinking, knowledge moved from a nineteenth-century regime of “knowledge that,” a regime of foundational knowledge, to an early-twentieth-century regime of “knowledge how,” a regime of anti-foundational knowledge concerned with the procedures, processes, and protocols of arriving at knowledge. It then shows how common law thinkers adapted to this change in knowledge regimes, transforming the common law from a body of substantive knowledge into one that was principally procedural. The paper also shows, however, that the traditional discourses of the common law survived this intellectual transformation.
Law As an Affordance: The Devil Is in the Vanishing Point(s)
Authors: Hildebrandt Mireille
Published: August 2023

This Reply to Critics takes the vantage point of “affordances” to respond to the reviews of five noted scholars of law, philosophy and political science to Smart Technologies and the End(s) of Law: Novel Entanglements of Law and Philosophy. The reply interacts with the points made, by revisiting the dependencies between law and its technological embodiment, insisting that we cannot take for granted that the upcoming onlife world of preemptive computing will “afford” a Rule of Law that safeguards the testability and contestability of subliminal decision-making, without, however, falling prey to economic, political, social or even technological determinism.
Roman Ideas on the Loose
Authors: Straumann Benjamin
Published: August 2023

In this essay, I first discuss the Roman concept of civil war and compare it to the Greek concept of internal discord (stasis). I then go on to offer some thoughts on the methodological implications of long-term intellectual history and the role concepts and institutions play in it. The essay concludes by discouraging the hunt for contingency, but encouraging historians to write about the ideas and institutional arrangements that have been devised over the long term in response to the breakdown of political and social order.
Decolonizing Civil War
Authors: Owens Patricia
Published: August 2023

This essay argues that there is a need to decolonize the genealogy of civil war. David Armitage’s new book brilliantly reveals civil war’s generative power in shaping European and North American conceptions of politics, revolution, and the laws of war. But to make sense of the discourse of civil war we also need to account for the constitutive exclusions of those whose struggles elite Europeans refused to recognize as “civil,” those not recognized as part of a common brotherhood or as co-belligerents. The absence/ presence of women, slaves, and barbarous armies is vital to the historical conception of civil war.
On the Genealogy of Quarrels
Authors: Armitage David
Published: August 2023

This essay responds to the suggestions and critiques made by contributors to the forum on my recent book, Civil Wars: A History in Ideas (2017). In particular, I reply to claims that the book too sharply distinguished Greek and Roman conceptions of civil conflict and that I was insufficiently attentive to the emerging boundaries between civil war and other kinds of conflict; I also consider suggestions that would have expanded my consideration of “global civil war”; the role of inclusion and exclusion in conceptions of civil war; the relation between civil war and conceptions of statehood; and the applicability of my analysis to conflicts I did not consider, such as the Spanish Civil War.
Constructing and Contesting Structural Inequality
Authors: Rahman K. Sabeel
Published: August 2023

Many forms of economic, social, and political inequality are the product not of individual actors but rather of larger systemic and structural arrangements. How should we conceptualize and then respond to such structural inequalities? This paper highlights two areas of current debate in legal scholarship and public policy: the changing nature of work and urban inequality. Each of these areas of debate provides examples of how law and policy construct structural forms of inequality—and how such inequality can be contested. As this paper suggests, structural inequality is best understood as an aggregate, cumulative product of legal and policy decisions. Such structural inequality requires similarly structural remedies that go beyond incremental, “meliorist” approaches. Specifically, the paper suggests three strategies for redressing structural inequality: limits on private power, investments in public goods, and oversight and enforcement by administrative agencies.
Alexa et al., What Are You Doing with My Data?
Authors: Stucke Maurice E. , Ezrachi Ariel
Published: August 2023

Who wouldn’t want a personal butler? Technological developments have brought us closer to that dream. The rise of digital personal assistants has already changed the way we shop, interact and surf the web. Technological developments and artificial intelligence are likely to further accelerate this trend. Indeed, the leading online platforms are currently investing in this technology. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, Facebook’s M, and Google Assistant can quickly provide us with information, if we so desire, and anticipate and fulfill certain needs and requests. Yet, could they also reduce our welfare? After summarizing several network effects that favor today’s powerful super-platforms, this Essay explores how the leading digital butlers, in progressively increasing their control over our outside options and choices, could harm potentially our wallets, privacy interests, and democracy.
“Our racket’s within th’ law, ain’t it?”: Miscegenation and Literary Form in the Plessy Era
Authors: Brown Christopher M.
Published: August 2023

A rhetoric of strangeness marks so many of the texts of the African American literary tradition written during the Plessy era, a strangeness inextricably tied to the law’s effort to maintain the fiction of “separate but equal.” Anti-miscegenation laws, perhaps the most emotionally charged of the many legal attempts to police the color-line, were also some of the most difficult to parse and yet also the most entrenched. And so, it is no surprise that the illogic of the legal predicament in which blacks found themselves was often articulated in literary texts in two related ways: first, through the figure of the miscegenated baby; and second, through the narrative structure of the absurd. This article argues that while the possibility of a baby is usually read to reveal the anxiety of a text’s passing protagonists, in fact many Plessy-era works by African American writers deploy the combination of a troubling black baby and the farce of racial taxonomies as a kind of reductio ad absurdum, satirizing the law’s doomed attempts to protect the “purity” of the white race. An assessment of the law’s affective attachment to whiteness reveals the formal mode of the absurd—read through George Schuyler’s 1931 novel Black No More—as a pointed challenge to the rationale underlying segregation as the law of the land.
Aesthetic Historiography: Allegory, Monument, and Oblivion in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant
Authors: Meyler Bernadette
Published: August 2023

This essay turns to Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2015 book The Buried Giant for insights into the moral and political implications of the kinds of historiography chosen in the aftermath of atrocity. The Buried Giant foregrounds monument, oblivion, and its own form, allegory, as historiographical strategies. If monuments aspire to bring the past into an eternal present, functioning as a kind of symbol, the novel indicates the impossibility of this goal. At the same time, it rejects oblivion’s efforts to entirely remove the traces of prior atrocities. The Buried Giant instead presents a version of allegory as an alternative mechanism for engaging with and negotiating a troubled inheritance. The allegory in question neither involves a one-to-one correspondence between events of the novel and national or international struggle, nor does it simply bring the reader from its particulars to a universal truth. It rather suggests a reciprocal reading of particulars through the windows they furnish upon each other, looking at medieval Britain as though through the lens of post-WWII Japan or examining England’s imperial past from the perspective of its prehistory in a time out of memory. This variety of allegory bears a family resemblance to that extolled by Walter Benjamin and Paul de Man, both of whom contrasted allegory with the symbol, and to Christopher Tomlins’s efforts to produce a Benjaminian historiography.
The Elusive Public, Then and Now
Authors: Petroski Karen
Published: August 2023

In Writing in Public, Trevor Ross repeatedly characterizes key phenomena—eighteenth-century concepts of the public, literature, and the legal treatment of these and related issues—as elusive. He does so using a small set of associated adjectives: “incoherent,” “indeterminate,” and “ambiguous,” among others. This essay explores how Ross’s practice in this regard might be linked to his historical focus, first by cataloging Ross’s approaches to elusiveness and unfolding some of the implications of his attributions. On some topics, such as the orientation of members of the eighteenth-century public toward other members of that public, Ross’s accounts of indeterminacy are especially sensitive and persuasive. But his accounts of experiencing various kinds of elusiveness remain relatively fragmentary. Curiously, Ross attributes little significance to eighteenth-century readers’ exposure to and processing of explicitly fictional narrative. Consideration of the dynamics of fictional discourse suggests a further way to conceptualize some of the forms of elusiveness Ross identifies, as well as, perhaps, a way to explain their proliferation, their variety, and the roots of Ross’s approach to them. The essay proposes, ultimately, that Ross’s approach to elusiveness might be more a symptom of his own historical moment than a feature of his subject matter.
Our Criminals, Ourselves
Authors: Forbes Erin E.
Published: August 2023

Print representations of criminality and discourses about the category of the human have intersected at least since John Locke theorized forensic personhood. Focalizing the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Matthew Levay’s Violent Minds (2018) demonstrates how modernist writers, who found a blueprint for complex human subjectivity in the figure of the criminal, offer better understanding than the period’s criminologists. Yet the book neglects racialization’s role in constructing criminality and personhood, even as modernist writers’ deployment of a criminal other parallels the “Africanist presence” Toni Morrison long ago identified as a central means through which white authors reflect on the self.
Three Sides of the Same Coin: Datafied Transparency, Biometric Surveillance, and Algorithmic Governmentalities
Authors: Albu Oana B. , Krause Hansen Hans
Published: August 2023

This article explores how datafied transparency resulting from the use of facial recognition technologies creates different risks and dynamics of power and control. Theoretically, the article draws on Foucauldian studies and assemblage theory and analyzes how the power specific to facial recognition technologies rests on algorithmic governmentalities and interaction of humans and technologies in surveillant assemblages. Empirically, the article examines facial recognition legislation and its use in different corporate and institutional sectors around the world. The article concludes that datafied transparency is inseparable from the operation of surveillant assemblages and algorithmic governmentalities, and that algoactivism could be one form of resistance to counter such forms of power and control.
The Digital Rear Window: Epistemologies of Digital Transparency
Authors: Koivisto Ida
Published: August 2023

In this essay, I discuss digital reality production and transparency’s role in it. I argue that the promise of transparency—the visual access to objective reality which further enables necessary democratic action—is jeopardized in the digital environment. I analyze some of the reasons for this. First, transparency is no longer an issue that is clearly defined by law, and it increasingly works as an ambiguous normative concept. As such, its scope is unclear. Second, the structural qualities of transparency as a metaphor and as a medium reveal the limits of transparency to portray reality on a theoretical level. Third, the way in which transparency discourse participates in digital reality production makes it even more difficult to decipher the “ground truth,” if indeed, there is one. Because digital transparency builds on a twofold mediation of reality—transparency as a medium itself and algorithms as a medium of digital transparency—seeing with one’s own eyes no longer guarantees a privileged access to reality. I conclude that although transparency is traditionally seen as one of the best tools of democracy, along with the emergence of individualized digital realities and the decline of a shared understanding of truth, the truth-transparency nexus may be unraveling.
Comparative Motley: Offerings from a Comparative Lawyer
Authors: Örücü Esin
Published: August 2023

Comparison is thinking of one in terms of another (or others), and is one of the most fundamental methods of thought process: juxtapose, contrast, compare, seek for differences in the similar and for similarities in the different. The ultimate aim is to understand in the best possible way. In this contribution, comparative law is depicted as a thread running through a necklace. On the necklace are threaded three essential gems of comparative law: theories of methodology; theories of legal systems; and theories of transfrontier mobility of laws. Depicted in this way, one is obviously looking at comparative law pure and simple, rather than comparative contract law, comparative property law, comparative constitutional law, and so on. Although these three gems are the main ones this contribution concentrates on, there are others. It must be pointed out that naming these as gems, and depicting comparative law as joining them into a necklace, takes one directly into the realm of metaphors, which will also be briefly touched upon. In comparative law discourse, controversies—and there are many—are synchronic, never ending, never totally resolved, ever multiplying. This was the case and is still the case.
Pengaruh Relaksasi Autogenik dalam Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe II di Desa Kajhu
Authors: Al-Fanshuri Mushawwir , Tharida Maimun
Published: August 2023

Keberhasilan dalam tatalaksana diabetes mellitus, dapat dicapai dengan pemantauan berkala untuk glukosa darah dan faktor risiko yang akan mungkin terjadi melalui pengajaran perawatan mandiri dan perubahan prilaku. Penatalaksanaan yang lainnya melalui salah satu bentuk latihan jesmani dengan melakukan relaksasi terhadap tubuh, relaksasi yang dapat mengantarkan bagi penderita diabetes lepas dari kecanduan gula serta membuat seluruh hormon yang mengatur sistem tubuh dapat bekerja secara optimalsalah satunya yaitu relaksasi autogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi autogenik dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada Pasien DM Tipe II di Desa Kajhu. Metode penelitian ini adalah Quasi experiment dengan one group pretest postest design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 7 s/d 12 sept 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini 15 orang penderita diabetes mellitus dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data mengggunakan data primer. Analisis menggunakan pairet t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perubahan kadar gula darah sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi relaksasi autogenik (p=0,001). Dapat ditarik kesimpulan pemberian intervensi relaksasi autogenik efektif terhadap perubahan kadar gula darah sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan dalam penentuan program yang akan diambil sebagai upaya peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat kedepannya. Kata kunci: Relaksasi Autogenik, Kadar Gula Darah, Diabetes Melltus Tipe II Successful management of diabetes mellitus can be achieved through regular monitoring of blood glucose and identifying possible risk factors through teaching self-care and behavior change. Another method of management is through physical exercise that involves relaxing the body a relaxation that can free diabetics from sugar addiction and ensure that all hormones that regulate the body system work optimally, one of which is autogenic relaxation.This study aims to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation in reducing blood glucose levels in type II diabetes patients in Kajhu Village. This research method is a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was carried out from sept 7–12, 2022. The population in this study was 15 people with diabetes mellitus, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection using primary data analysis using a paired t-test. The results showed that there were changes in blood sugar levels before and after giving an autogenic relaxation intervention (p = 0.001). It can be concluded that the provision of autogenic relaxation intervention is effective at affecting changes in blood sugar levels before and after intervention. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as input in determining the program that will be implemented as an effort to improve public health in the future. Keywords : Autogenic Relaxation, Blood Sugar Level, Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en la Escuela Secundaria Rural: una mirada del vínculo con el contexto
Authors: Zapata Rocío de los Milagros
Published: August 2023

Se aborda la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en escuelas secundarias en contextos de ruralidad, explorando en una muestra de 23 docentes  cómo vinculan sus propuestas de enseñanza de las ciencias naturales con el contexto inmediato/no inmediato de una escuela rural. Se analizan documentos presentados por las y los docentes, de los cuales más de la mitad vincula sus propuestas con el contexto, y el resto presenta dificultades o no lo hace directamente. Se concluye la necesidad de ampliar este tipo de investigaciones para conocer y evaluar las necesidades de formación de los docentes de ciencias naturales en estos contextos particulares
Comparison of Residual Network-50 and Convolutional Neural Network Conventional Architecture For Fruit Image Classification
Authors: Dharma Arie Satia , Sitorus Judah Michael Parluhutan , Hatigoran Andreas
Published: August 2023

Classification of fruit images using machine learning technology has had a significant impact on human life by enabling accurate recognition of various fruits. With the advancements in technology, machine learning architectures have become increasingly diverse and sophisticated, providing enhanced capabilities for fruit image classification. However, previous studies have primarily focused on classifying fruits at a basic level. Therefore, there is a growing need for the development and application of Fruit Image Classification systems within the community, particularly in the field of agriculture. Such applications can play a pivotal role in leveraging technology to benefit the agricultural sector, empowering users to gain satisfaction and knowledge regarding different fruits through the utilization of these applications. In this study, we employ both a conventional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and a Residual Network-50 for fruit image classification. To ensure robust performance evaluation, the dataset is divided into training and testing subsets, with fruits categorized into specific classes. Furthermore, identical preprocessing and optimization techniques are applied to both architectures to maintain consistency and fairness during the evaluation process. The results of our classification experiments on a dataset consisting of 17 different fruit classes reveal that the conventional CNN architecture achieves an impressive accuracy of 0.998 (99%) with a minimal loss of 0.009. On the other hand, the Residual Network-50 demonstrates a slightly lower accuracy of 0.994 (99%) but with a slightly higher loss of 0.02. Despite the higher loss, the Residual Network-50's accuracy remains comparable to that of the conventional architecture, showcasing its potential for fruit image classification. By leveraging the power of machine learning and these advanced architectures, fruit image classification systems can provide valuable insights and assistance to users. They can facilitate informed decision-making in various domains, including agriculture, food production, and consumer education.
Chicken Disease Classification Based on Inception V3 Algorithm for Data Imbalance
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Salimy , Kusrini Kusrini , Ariatmanto Dhani
Published: August 2023

In order to supply the world's protein needs, one of the most crucial industries is the poultry business. The problem that often occurs in chicken farms is disease, and this can have a significant impact on the farm. The availability of large enough amounts of data makes it possible to carry out the process of monitoring chicken diseases using deep learning technology for the classification of chicken diseases. With the availability of large enough data, the dataset has a variety of features that cause problems with data clutter. To overcome the problem of data conflict, an oversampling technique is used to increase the sample data from the minority class so that it has the same value as the other majority classes, and the Inception-V3 algorithm is used to classify chicken diseases based on fecal images. The total number of data used was 8067, which were broken down into the following four categories: Healthy, Salmonella, Coccidiosis, and Newcastle disease. Data balancing was done using oversampling to get the total data to 10500 before the evaluation process was started. The data was distributed by splitting it by 80% of the data will be used for training, 10% for data validation, and 10% for testing. The results of the test, which employed Inception V3 without oversampling, produced the highest possible score of 94.05%.
Simplifying Complexity: Scenario Reduction Techniques in Stochastic Programming
Authors: Sinaga Christian , Tulus Tulus , Mawengkang Herman
Published: August 2023

Stochastic programming problems arise as mathematical models for optimizing problems under stochastic uncertainty. Computational approaches for solving these models often involve approximating the underlying probability distribution with a probability measure that has finite support. To mitigate the computational complexity associated with increasing the number of scenarios, it may be necessary to reduce their quantity. The scenario  is selected as the first element of supp , and the separable structure is used to determine the second element of supp  while keeping the first element fixed. The process is repeated to establish the remaining indices, and each subsequent scenario is reduced accordingly. This iterative process continues until scenario  is reduced
Simplifying Complexity: Linearization Method for Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Simanullang Herlin , Sutarman Sutarman , Darnius Open
Published: August 2023

This research investigates Romera’s local linearization approach as a variance prediction method in partial least squares (PLS) regression. By addressing limitations in the original PLS regression formula, the local linearization approach aims to improve accuracy and stability in variance predictions. Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the method's performance, demonstrating its superiority over traditional algebraic methods and showcasing its computational advantages, particularly with a large number of predictors. Additionally, the study introduces a novel computational technique utilizing bootstrap parameters, enhancing computational stability and robustness. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the local linearization approach's effectiveness, guiding researchers and practitioners in selecting more reliable and efficient regression modeling techniques.
Development of a Web-Based Dashboard System for Monitoring Study Programme Accreditation Instruments
Authors: Gunawan Agus , Gunadi I Gede Aris , Dewi Luh Joni Erawati
Published: August 2023

Accreditation is a form of assessment or evaluation of the quality of education, both at the level of study programme and higher education institutions, conducted by independent organizations or bodies external to the universities. BAN-PT is one such external agency responsible for accrediting higher education institutions in Indonesia. However, many universities encounter challenges during the accreditation process, such as the absence of a monitoring system and data integration in the preparation of some documents, which are essential for accreditation. To address this issue, researchers have recognized the need to design and build a system that can aid in the preparation and monitoring of accreditation forms. The system was developed using the Extreme Programming model, which adopts the agile concept as the core of application development. The Extreme Programming model consists of four key activities, namely system planning, system design, code writing, and system testing. Based on the black box testing results, the developed system was found to operate as intended. Based on the benchmark results for each aspect of the UEQ, Attractiveness has a value of 1.69 with the good category, Perspicuity has a value of 1.57 with the above average category, Efficiency has a value of 2.11 with the excellent category, Dependability has a value of 1.68 with the good category, Stimulation has a value of 1.29 with the above average category, and Novelty has a value of 0.86 with the above average category.
Mielomeningocele cervical. Reporte de caso
Authors: Injante-Bustamante Rossie Thais , Dávila-Aliaga Carmen
Published: August 2023

El mielomeningocele es la forma más frecuente de disrafismo espinal, representa una anomalía congénita del cierre de neuróporo posterior y su localización cervical es poco frecuente. Se presenta el caso clínico de un neonato nacido en el Instituto Materno Perinatal, que presentó mielomeningocele cervical con deterioro neurológico desde el nacimiento y cariotipo con translocación robertsoniana.  Es muy importante fortalecer la prevención de disrafismo espinal en la futura madre y gestante; así como la atención integral clínica y quirúrgica que mejore la sobrevida de estos pacientes.
Clinical Characteristics of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Patients
Authors: Fanseca Alvarez Frashad , Purwanita Petty , Septadina Indri Seta
Published: August 2023

Toxoplasma gondii infection causes posterior uveitis and blindness. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is based on typical clinical findings accompanied by positive anti-Toxoplasma serology. This study aims to see the clinical characteristics of ocular toxoplasmosis patients. Cross-sectional observational descriptive research is done. This study used 2019-2021 medical records from RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang patients. The highest incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2019-2021 occurred in 2021 (54.5%). The most common age range found in this case is the age group of 0-19 years (45.5%) and the majority are women (72.7%). The majority of patients are out of work (45.5%) and live outside Palembang (81.8%). The most lateralization was found in the right eye (63.6%). The most commonly complained clinical symptom is blurred vision (90.9%). Clinical signs were found lesions of retinochoroiditis in the macular (45,5%), in the extramacular (18,2%), chorioretinal scar (90,9%), vitritis (54,5%), decreased visual acuity (100%), and increased IOP (36,4%). Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was found positive in all patients. The highest incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis was found in 2021. The most commonly complained clinical symptom is blurred vision and the most commonly found clinical sign is a decrease in visual acuity.
Association of SMAD3 Gene rs12901499 Variation with Knee Osteoarthritis in Indonesian Aged Women
Authors: Zaki Achmad , Adhiyanto Chris , Hendarmin Laifa Annisa , Naqiya Fauzia Ilman , Karni Dwi , Harriyati Zeti
Published: August 2023

Small Mother Against Decapentaplegic 3 (SMAD3), an intracellular transducer protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, has a role in maintaining joint cartilage. Many studies have been conducted to examine the effect of polymorphism in SMAD3 gene with the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study is to identify the association of SMAD3 gene rs12901499 variation with the incidence of knee OA in Indonesian women. We conducted an analytic cross-sectional design involving 24 knee OA patients and 50 non-OA subjects. The DNA was taken from saliva and genotyped using a kit from Integrated DNA Technologies with the Real Time PCR method. In this study, we found that the GA genotype (heterozygous mutant) of the rs12901499 allele was the allele that most frequently (50%) appeared in knee OA patients as well as non-OA subjects (50%). The G allele frequency was higher than the A allele among all participants. The Chi-Square analysis showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between allele variations in the SMAD3 rs12901499 gene and knee OA (p=1). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant relationship between the rs12901499 genetic variation in the SMAD3 gene and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis in Indonesian aged women.
Antibiogram of Patients With Diabetic Foot at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital of Jember, Indonesia
Authors: Suswati Enny , Mustofa Habib , Hermansyah Bagus , Agustina Dini , Sakinah Elly N
Published: August 2023

Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that uses antibiotics to control the infection as the primary therapy. This study aimed to determine the type of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in diabetic foot. The samples were taken from the medical records of the patients with diabetic foot, who performed the swab culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the inpatient and outpatient care in dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital. The samples used were the patients diagnosed with diabetic foot from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. The data in this study were univariately analyzed. Forty-three pathogens were isolated from 40 patients with 12 ESBL isolates. The most common bacteria found were Gram-negative (90.7%), including Escherichia coli (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.82%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.82%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.69%) and Proteus mirabilis (7.69%). Then, there were also 9.3% Gram-positive bacteria of all isolates, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most dominant species (50%). The antibiotic antimicrobial susceptibility testing also showed that Imipenem, amikacin, fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and netilmicin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The most common type of bacteria found was Escherichia coli, while the antibiotic still sensitive in most bacteria was imipenem.
Editorial
Authors: Neves Igor Fernando , Lemos Layon Zafra , Santos Nathally Claudiane de Souza
Published: August 2023

A Revista Científica Saúde Global, vem por meio deste publicar seu 1º Volume e estamos empolgados em lançar esta publicação que visa informar, educar e inspirar nossos leitores sobre os assuntos mais importantes relacionados à saúde. A Revista Científica Saúde Global tem como objetivo abordar esses desafios e unir pesquisas científicas das áreas da Saúde: Enfermagem, Medicina, Fisioterapia, Biomedicina, Farmácia, Odontologia, Nutrição, Psicologia, Educação Física e áreas afins, que se enquadrem como artigos originais, resultantes de pesquisas experimentais, epidemiológicas ou ensaios clínicos, artigos de revisão integrativa ou sistemática, relato de caso/experiência, que atendam as normas de publicação da revista.
Agronomic and environmental aspects of organo-mineral fertilizers produced with a by-product of the intermediate process of tanning
Authors: Lima Francielle Roberta Dias de , Silva Aline Oliveira , Amorim Helen Carla Santana , Figueredo Eduardo Sobrinho Santos , Carneiro Rafael Marta Carbone , Jara Madeliny Saracho , Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The by-product of the intermediate process of tanning (BPIPT) can be used in the manufacturing of environmentally-friendly organo-mineral fertilizers (OMF). However, the presence of potentially toxic elements (e.g., chromium, Cr), can hinder the use of BPIPT in agriculture. This study aimed: i) to evaluate soil chemical and biological properties following the application of fertilizers produced with a BPIPT, in contrast to other OMF produced with traditional organic matrices; and ii) to assess the impacts of such products on wheat growth and nutrition.

Methods

Samples (0-0.2 m) of two Oxisols [Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd) and Red Latosol (LVd)] were used in this study, consisting of two experiments (with five treatments and five replicates) using different OMF, in a sequence: 1) incubation of fertilizers in soil samples for 30 days, and 2) wheat cultivation (30 days) after the fertilizer incubation. The treatments consisted of an arrangement of mineral fertilizers based on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK fertilizers), associated with OMF based on BPIPT (OM-IPT and OM-IPT+S) or commercial manure (OM-CM and OM-CM+S), with or without sulfur (S), and a control treatment. Elemental availability in soils and microbial attributes were determined after the incubation of the OMF in the soils. After wheat cultivation, plant biomass, nutritional composition, β-glucosidase activity, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) were measured.

Results and discussion

The application of BPIPT-derived OMF in the present study increased available Cr fraction contents in both soils. However, OM-IPT caused low soil acidification, enhanced wheat growth and nutrition, and stimulated microbial activity in soils (FDA and β-glucosidase), thus evidencing the agronomic and environmental benefits of this OMF and their potential to contribute to a cleaner, more sustainable agriculture.
Assessing the suitability of cell counting methods during different stages of a cell processing workflow using an ISO 20391-2 guided study design and analysis
Authors: Richards Colleen , Sarkar Sumona , Kandell Jennifer , Snyder Richard , Lakshmipathy Uma
Published: August 2023

Cell counting is a fundamental measurement for determining viable cell numbers in biomanufacturing processes. The properties of different cell types and the range of intended uses for cell counts within a biomanufacturing process can lead to challenges in identifying suitable counting methods for each potential application. This is further amplified by user subjectivity in identifying the cells of interest and further identifying viable cells. Replacement of traditionally used manual counting methods with automated systems has alleviated some of these issues. However, a single cell type can exhibit different physical properties at various stages of cell processing which is further compounded by process impurities such as cell debris or magnetic beads. These factors make it challenging to develop a robust cell counting method that offers a high level of confidence in the results. Several initiatives from standards development organizations have attempted to address this critical need for standardization in cell counting. This study utilizes flow-based and image-based methods for the quantitative measurement of cell concentration and viability in the absence of a reference material, based on the tools and guidance provided by the International of Standards (ISO) and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Primary cells were examined at different stages of cell processing in a cell therapy workflow. Results from this study define a systematic approach that enables the identification of counting methods and parameters that are best suited for specific cell types and workflows to ensure accuracy and consistency. Cell counting is a foundational method used extensively along various steps of cell and gene therapy. The standard used in this study may be applied to other cell and gene therapy processes to enable accurate measurement of parameters required to guide critical decisions throughout the development and production process. Using a framework that confirms the suitability of the cell counting method used can minimize variability in the process and final product.