bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Location Prediction-Based Helper Selection Scheme for Suspicious Eavesdroppers
Authors: Huo Yan , Tian Yuqi , Hu Chunqiang , Gao Qinghe , Jing Tao
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to improve security performance of data transmission with a mobile eavesdropper in a wireless network. The instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the mobile eavesdropper is unknown to legitimate users during the communication process. Different from existing work, we intend to reduce power consumption of friendly jamming signals. Motivated by the goal, this work presents a location-based prediction scheme to predict where the eavesdropper will be later and to decide whether a friendly jamming measure should be selected against the eavesdropper. The legitimate users only take the measure when the prediction result shows that there will be a risk during data transmission. According to the proposed method, system power can be saved to a large degree. Particularly, we first derive the expression of the secrecy outage probability and set a secrecy performance target. After providing a Markov mobile model of an eavesdropper, we design a prediction scheme to predict its location, so as to decide whether to employ cooperative jamming or not, and then design a power allocation scheme and a fast suboptimal helper selection method to achieve targeted and efficient cooperative jamming. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Efficient Energy Flight Path Planning Algorithm Using 3-D Visibility Roadmap for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Ahmad Zahoor , Ullah Farman , Tran Cong , Lee Sungchang
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the flight path planning algorithm in a 3-dimensional environment with fixed obstacles for small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs). The emergence of SUAVs for commercial uses with low-altitude flight necessitates efficient flight path planning concerning economical energy consumption. We propose the visibility roadmap based on the visibility graph approach to deal with this uprising problem. The objective is to approximate the collision-free and energy-efficient flight path of SUAVs for flight missions in a considerable time complexity. Stepwise, we describe the construction of the proposed pathfinding algorithm in a convex static obstacle environment. The theoretical analysis and simulation results prove the effectiveness of our method.
Categorisation of Mobile EEG: A Researcher’s Perspective
Authors: Bateson Anthony D. , Baseler Heidi A. , Paulson Kevin S. , Ahmed Fayyaz , Asghar Aziz U. R.
Published: December 2017

Researchers are increasingly attempting to undertake electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in novel environments and contexts outside of the traditional static laboratory setting. The term “mobile EEG,” although commonly used to describe many of these undertakings, is ambiguous, since it attempts to encompass a wide range of EEG device mobility, participant mobility, and system specifications used across investigations. To provide quantitative parameters for “mobile EEG,” we developed a Categorisation of Mobile EEG (CoME) scheme based upon scoring of device mobility (D, from 0, off-body, to 5, head-mounted with no additional equipment), participant mobility (P, from 0, static, to 5, unconstrained running), system specification (S, from 4, lowest, to 20, highest), and number of channels (C) used. The CoME scheme was applied to twenty-nine published mobile EEG studies. Device mobility scores ranged from 0D to 4D, participant mobility scores from 0P to 4P, and system specification scores from 6S to 17S. The format of the scores for the four parameters is given, for example, as (2D, 4P, 17S, 32C) and readily enables comparisons across studies. Our CoME scheme enables researchers to quantify the degree of device mobility, participant mobility, and system specification used in their “mobile EEG” investigations in a standardised way.
Analyzing Traffic Crash Severity in Work Zones under Different Light Conditions
Authors: Wei Xinxin , Shu Xiang , Huang Baoshan , Taylor Edward L. , Chen Huaxin
Published: December 2017

Previous studies have investigated various factors that contribute to the severity of work zone crashes. However, little has been done on the specific effects of light conditions. Using the data from the Enhanced Tennessee Roadway Information Management System (E-TRIMS), crashes that occurred in the Tennessee work zones during 2003–2015 are categorized into three light conditions: daylight, dark-lighted, and dark-not-lighted. One commonly used decision tree method—Classification and Regression Trees (CART)—is adopted to investigate the factors contributing to crash severity in highway work zones under these light conditions. The outcomes from the three decision trees with differing light conditions show significant differences in the ranking and importance of the factors considered in the study, thereby indicating the necessity of examining traffic crashes according to light conditions. By separately considering the crash characteristics under different light conditions, some new findings are obtained from this study. The study shows that an increase in the number of lanes increases the crash severity level in work zones during the day while decreasing the severity at night. Similarly, drugs and alcohol are found to increase the severity level significantly under the dark-not-lighted condition, while they have a limited influence under daylight and dark-lighted conditions.
Second Hankel Determinants for Some Subclasses of Biunivalent Functions Associated with Pseudo-Starlike Functions
Authors: Laxmi K. Rajya , Sharma R. Bharavi
Published: December 2017

We introduce second Hankel determinant of biunivalent analytic functions associated with λ-pseudo-starlike function in the open unit disc Δ subordinate to a starlike univalent function whose range is symmetric with respect to the real axis.
Genistein Exposure Interferes with Pharmacokinetics of Celecoxib in SD Male Rats by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Wen Jian , Liu Teng-hui , Ou-yang Qiu-Geng , Cai Jian-ping , Zhou Hong-yu
Published: December 2017

Objective. To discuss the effects of genistein on the metabolism of celecoxib in vitro and in vivo. Method. In vitro, the effects of genistein on the metabolism of celecoxib were studied using rat and human liver microsomes. In vivo, pharmacokinetics of celecoxib was evaluated in rats with or without genistein. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into three groups: celecoxib (A group), celecoxib and 50 mg/kg genistein (B group), and celecoxib and 100 mg/kg genistein (C group). Single dose of 33.3 mg/kg celecoxib was orally administered 30 min after genistein ig. At 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after celecoxib administration, 300–400 µl blood samples were collected and the concentration of celecoxib was analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Result. Genistein showed notable inhibitory effects on three microsomes. It affected pharmacokinetics of celecoxib in vivo experiments. Genistein had dramatically ability to suppress CYP2C9∗1 and ∗3. After pretreatment with genistein, AUC and Cmax of the C group were higher than B group. CLz/F of C group was lower than the B group. Conclusion. Genistein inhibits the conversion of celecoxib in vitro and in vivo. So, the dosage of celecoxib should be adjusted if it was used associated with genistein.
The Relationship between Player’s Value Systems and Their In-Game Behavior in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game
Authors: Wang Chaoguang , Yu Gino
Published: December 2017

This study examines the relationship between player’s value systems and their actions in playing a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. Online survey data from 1,577 players were paired with their behavioral metrics within the game. A number of correlations were found between the scores of value system and the in-game metrics. Participants that scored high on the Red value system tend to spend more real money in the game, level up their character and ability as quickly as possible, and seek other achievements in the forms offered by game world. These characteristics for fun, power, and immediate gratification are also predicted by the Red value system. The finding provides valuable information on how to better design, evaluate, and understand enjoyment in games. The results also show the possibility of using the game as a platform in inferring players’ value systems and in training people to develop certain skills.
Detection of Silent Type I Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Moussa Magdy , Leila Mahmoud , Khalid Hagar , Lolah Mohamed
Published: December 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of SS-OCTA in the detection of silent CNV secondary to chronic CSCR compared to that of FFA and SS-OCT. Patients and Methods. A retrospective observational case series reviewing the clinical data, FFA, SS-OCT, and SS-OCTA images of patients with chronic CSCR, and comparing the findings. SS-OCTA detects the CNV complex and delineates it from the surrounding pathological features of chronic CSCR by utilizing the blood flow detection algorithm, OCTARA, and the ultrahigh-definition B-scan images of the retinal microstructure generated by swept-source technology. The bivariate correlation procedure was used for the calculation of the correlation matrix of the variables tested. Results. The study included 60 eyes of 40 patients. Mean age was 47.6 years. Mean disease duration was 14.5 months. SS-OCTA detected type 1 CNV in 5 eyes (8.3%). In all 5 eyes, FFA and SS-OCT were inconclusive for CNV. The presence of foveal thinning, opaque material beneath irregular flat PED, and increased choroidal thickness in chronic CSCR constitutes a high-risk profile for progression to CNV development. Conclusion. Silent type 1 CNV is an established complication of chronic CSCR. SS-OCTA is indispensable in excluding CNV especially in high-risk patients and whenever FFA and SS-OCT are inconclusive.
CNN-Based Pupil Center Detection for Wearable Gaze Estimation System
Authors: Chinsatit Warapon , Saitoh Takeshi
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based pupil center detection method for a wearable gaze estimation system using infrared eye images. Potentially, the pupil center position of a user’s eye can be used in various applications, such as human-computer interaction, medical diagnosis, and psychological studies. However, users tend to blink frequently; thus, estimating gaze direction is difficult. The proposed method uses two CNN models. The first CNN model is used to classify the eye state and the second is used to estimate the pupil center position. The classification model filters images with closed eyes and terminates the gaze estimation process when the input image shows a closed eye. In addition, this paper presents a process to create an eye image dataset using a wearable camera. This dataset, which was used to evaluate the proposed method, has approximately 20,000 images and a wide variation of eye states. We evaluated the proposed method from various perspectives. The result shows that the proposed method obtained good accuracy and has the potential for application in wearable device-based gaze estimation.
Dysregulation of miR-155-5p and miR-200-3p and the Anti-Non-Bilayer Phospholipid Arrangement Antibodies Favor the Development of Lupus in Three Novel Murine Lupus Models
Authors: Zárate-Neira Luz Ángela , Sánchez-Barbosa Sandra , Pedroza-Torres Abraham , Reséndiz-Mora Albany , Wong Carlos , Baeza Isabel , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Wong-Baeza Carlos
Published: December 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by deregulated activation of T and B cells, autoantibody production, and consequent formation of immune complexes. Liposomes with nonbilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPA), induced by chlorpromazine, procainamide, or manganese, provoke a disease resembling human lupus when administered to mice. These mice produce anti-NPA IgM and IgG antibodies and exhibit an increased number of TLR-expressing spleen cells and a modified gene expression associated with TICAM1-dependent TLR-4 signaling (including IFNA1 and IFNA2) and complement activation. Additionally, they showed a diminished gene expression related to apoptosis and NK cell activation. We hypothesized that such gene expression may be affected by miRNAs and so miRNA expression was studied. Twelve deregulated miRNAs were found. Six of them were common to the three lupus-like models. Their validation by qRT-PCR and TaqMan probes, including miR-342-3p, revealed that miR-155-5p and miR-200a-3p expression was statistically significant. Currently described functions for these miRNAs in autoimmune diseases such as SLE reveal their participation in inflammation, interferon production, germinal center responses, and antibody maturation. Taking into account these findings, we propose miR-155-5p and miR-200a-3p, together with the anti-NPA antibodies, as key players in the murine lupus-like models and possible biomarkers of the human SLE.
Lymph Node Metastases in Colon Cancer Are Polyclonal
Authors: Ulintz Peter J. , Greenson Joel K. , Wu Rong , Fearon Eric R. , Hardiman Karin M.
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Recent studies have highlighted the existence of subclones in tumors. Lymph nodes are generally the first location of metastasis for most solid epithelial tumors, including colorectal cancer. We sought to understand the genetic origin of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer by evaluating the relationship between colorectal cancer subclones present in primary tumors and lymph nodes.

Experimental Design: A total of 33 samples from seven colorectal cancers, including two or three spatially disparate regions from each primary tumor and one to four matched lymph nodes for each tumor, underwent next-generation whole-exome DNA sequencing, Affymetrix OncoScan SNP arrays, and targeted deep confirmatory sequencing. We performed mapping between SNPs and copy number events from the primary tumor and matched lymph node samples, allowing us to profile heterogeneity and the mutational origin of lymph node metastases. The computational method PyClone was used to define subclones within each tumor. The method Clonality Inference in Tumors Using Phylogeny (CITUP) was subsequently used to infer phylogenetic relationships among subclones.

Results: We found that there was substantial heterogeneity in mutations and copy number changes among all samples from any given patient. For each patient, the primary tumor regions and matched lymph node metastases were each polyclonal, and the clonal populations differed from one lymph node to another. In some patients, the cancer cell populations in a given lymph node originated from multiple distinct regions of a tumor.

Conclusions: Our data support a model of lymph node metastatic spread in colorectal cancer whereby metastases originate from multiple waves of seeding from the primary tumor over time. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2214–24. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Gerlinger, p. 2032
Spatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of VISTA/PD-1H as a Novel Immunotherapy Target in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Yu Xiaoqing , Datar Ila , Mani Nikita , Sanmamed Miguel , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Syrigos Konstantinos , Toki Maria , Zhao Hongyu , Chen Lieping , Herbst Roy S. , Schalper Kurt A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Determine the localized expression pattern and clinical significance of VISTA/PD-1H in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: Using multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF), we performed localized measurements of VISTA, PD-1, and PD-L1 protein in 758 stage I–IV NSCLCs from 3 independent cohorts represented in tissue microarray format. The targets were selectively measured in cytokeratin+ tumor epithelial cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages. We determined the association between the targets, clinicopathological/molecular variables and survival. Genomic analyses of lung cancer cases from TCGA were also performed.

Results: VISTA protein was detected in 99% of NSCLCs with a predominant membranous/cytoplasmic staining pattern. Expression in tumor and stromal cells was seen in 21% and 98% of cases, respectively. The levels of VISTA were positively associated with PD-L1, PD-1, CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. VISTA expression was higher in T-lymphocytes than in macrophages; and in cytotoxic T cells than in T-helper cells. Elevated VISTA was associated with absence of EGFR mutations and lower mutational burden in lung adenocarcinomas. Presence of VISTA in tumor compartment predicted longer 5-year survival.

Conclusions: VISTA is frequently expressed in human NSCLC and shows association with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-1 axis markers, specific genomic alterations and outcome. These results support the immunomodulatory role of VISTA in human NSCLC and suggests its potential as therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1562–73. ©2017 AACR.
Path toward Precision Oncology: Review of Targeted Therapy Studies and Tools to Aid in Defining “Actionability” of a Molecular Lesion and Patient Management Support
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Pan Alan P. , Davis Andrew A. , Patel Sandip P. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Kurzrock Razelle , Giles Francis J.
Published: December 2017

Precision medicine trials and targeted therapies have shifted to the forefront of oncology. Although targeted therapies have shown initial promise, implementation across the broad landscape of oncology has many challenges. These limitations include an incomplete understanding of the functional significance of variant alleles as well as the need for clinical research and practice models that are more patient-centered and account for the complexity of individual patient tumors. Furthermore, successful implementation of targeted therapies will also be predicated on efforts to standardize the framework for patient management support. Here, we review current implementations of targeted therapies in precision oncology and discuss how “actionability” is defined for molecular targets in cancer therapeutics. We also comment on the growing need for bioinformatics tools and data platforms to complement advances in precision oncology. Finally, we discuss current frameworks for integrating precision oncology into patient management and propose an integrated model that combines features of molecular tumor boards and decision support systems. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2645–55. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Pilié et al., p. 2641
Usefulness of the Martin Method for Estimation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chung Soie
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to validate the Martin method in coronary atherosclerosis in comparison with the Friedewald equation. Subjects and Methods: A total of 299 participants with a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) ≥300 and a serum triglyceride (TG) level <400 mg/dL at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea, were enrolled in this study. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was directly measured with a homogeneous assay (DLDL) and estimated by both the Friedewald equation (FLDL) and Martin method (MLDL). Overall concordances between DLDL and LDL-C estimates were calculated as the percent agreement. The McNemar test was used to compare the rate of reclassification of participants with FLDL and MLDL, and to determine which differed significantly from each other. Results: Overall concordance between DLDL and MLDL was slightly higher than that between DLDL and FLDL (73.2 vs. 70.9%, p < 0.001). The FLDL showed poor performance when the TG level was ≥200 mg/dL, mostly by underestimation, which represented a 64.7% discordance with DLDL. The reclassification rate by MLDL, however, did not exceed 35.3% in all of the TG groups. Conclusions: The Martin method to estimate LDL-C using the strata-specific TG:VLDL ratio showed a 2-fold better concordance with LDL-C measured with a direct homogeneous assay in coronary atherosclerosis compared to the Friedewald equation when the TG level was ≥200 mg/dL. This finding suggests that MLDL could be a better alternative for estimating LDL-C compared to FLDL when the TG level is ≥200 mg/dL in coronary atherosclerosis.
Noticia Geral desta Capitania da Bahia desde o seu descobrimento até o prezente anno de 1759
Authors: Fachin Phablo Roberto Marchis
Published: December 2017

CALDAS, Jozé Antonio. Noticia Geral desta Capitania da Bahia desde o seu descobrimento até o prezente anno de 1759. Editado por Alícia Duhá Lose, Vanilda Salignac de Souza Mazzoni e Perla Andrade Peñailillo. Salvador: Memória e Arte, 2015
Notícia prática e carta administrativa: testemunhos gráficos no governo de Rodrigo Cesar de Menezes (1721-1728)
Authors: Fachin Phablo Roberto Marchis
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta o cotejo da análise de dois documentos setecentistas, a Noticia 6a prática e relação verdadeira da derrota e viagem que fez da cidade de São Paulo para as minas do Cuiabá o excelentíssimo senhor Rodrigo Cesar de Menezes, governador e capitão general da capitania de São Paulo e suas minas descobertas no tempo do seu governo, e nele mesmo estabelecidas, e uma carta enviada a D. João V sobre o mesmo conteúdo. Trata-se de estudo filológico que objetiva produzir fontes fidedignas para estudos sobre o português e demonstrar como profissionais de escrita testemunhavam graficamente o português setecentista nas espécies documentais em questão.
Predicting Out-of-Office Blood Pressure in the Clinic for the Diagnosis of Hypertension in Primary Care
Authors: Monahan Mark , Jowett Sue , Lovibond Kate , Gill Paramjit , Godwin Marshall , Greenfield Sheila , Hanley Janet , Hobbs F.D. Richard , Martin Una , Mant Jonathan , McKinstry Brian , Williams Bryan , Sheppard James P. , McManus Richard J.
Published: December 2017

Clinical guidelines in the United States and United Kingdom recommend that individuals with suspected hypertension should have ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring to confirm the diagnosis. This approach reduces misdiagnosis because of white coat hypertension but will not identify people with masked hypertension who may benefit from treatment. The Predicting Out-of-Office Blood Pressure (PROOF-BP) algorithm predicts masked and white coat hypertension based on patient characteristics and clinic BP, improving the accuracy of diagnosis while limiting subsequent ambulatory BP monitoring. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of using this tool in diagnosing hypertension in primary care. A Markov cost–utility cohort model was developed to compare diagnostic strategies: the PROOF-BP approach, including those with clinic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg who receive ambulatory BP monitoring as guided by the algorithm, compared with current standard diagnostic strategies including those with clinic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg combined with further monitoring (ambulatory BP monitoring as reference, clinic, and home monitoring also assessed). The model adopted a lifetime horizon with a 3-month time cycle, taking a UK Health Service/Personal Social Services perspective. The PROOF-BP algorithm was cost-effective in screening all patients with clinic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg compared with current strategies that only screen those with clinic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, provided healthcare providers were willing to pay up to £20 000 ($26 000)/quality-adjusted life year gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses supported the base-case findings. The PROOF-BP algorithm seems to be cost-effective compared with the conventional BP diagnostic options in primary care. Its use in clinical practice is likely to lead to reduced cardiovascular disease, death, and disability.
Favorable Vascular Actions of Angiotensin-(1–7) in Human Obesity
Authors: Schinzari Francesca , Tesauro Manfredi , Veneziani Augusto , Mores Nadia , Di Daniele Nicola , Cardillo Carmine
Published: December 2017

Obese patients have vascular dysfunction related to impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation and increased endothelin-1–mediated vasoconstriction. In contrast to the harmful vascular actions of angiotensin (Ang) II, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 product Ang-(1–7) has shown to exert cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in experimental models through stimulation of the Mas receptor. We, therefore, examined the effects of exogenous Ang-(1–7) on vasodilator tone and endothelin-1–dependent vasoconstriction in obese patients. Intra-arterial infusion of Ang-(1–7) (10 nmol/min) resulted in significant increase in unstimulated forearm flow (
P
=0.03), an effect that was not affected by the Mas receptor antagonist A779 (10 nmol/min;
P
>0.05). In the absence of hyperinsulinemia, however, forearm flow responses to graded doses of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not different during Ang-(1–7) administration compared with saline (both
P
>0.05). During infusion of regular insulin (0.15 mU/kg per minute), by contrast, endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced by Ang-(1–7) (
P
=0.04 versus saline), whereas endothelium-independent response to sodium nitroprusside was not modified (
P
=0.91). Finally, Ang-(1–7) decreased the vasodilator response to endothelin A receptor blockade (BQ-123; 10 nmol/min) compared with saline (6±1% versus 93±17%;
P
<0.001); nitric oxide inhibition by
l
-
N
-monomethylarginine (4 µmol/min) during concurrent endothelin A antagonism resulted in similar vasoconstriction in the absence or presence of Ang-(1–7 Ang-(1–7) (
P
=0.69). Our findings indicate that in obese patients Ang-(1–7) has favorable effects not only to improve insulin-stimulated endothelium-dependent vasodilation but also to blunt endothelin-1–dependent vasoconstrictor tone. These findings provide support for targeting Ang-(1–7) to counteract the hemodynamic abnormalities of human obesity.
Fetal Microsatellite in the Heme Oxygenase 1 Promoter Is Associated With Severe and Early-Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Kaartokallio Tea , Utge Siddheshwar , Klemetti Miira M. , Paananen Jussi , Pulkki Kari , Romppanen Jarkko , Tikkanen Ilkka , Heinonen Seppo , Kajantie Eero , Kere Juha , Kivinen Katja , Pouta Anneli , Lakkisto Päivi , Laivuori Hannele
Published: December 2017

Preeclampsia is a vascular pregnancy disorder that often involves impaired placental development. HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1, encoded by
HMOX1
) is a stress response enzyme crucial for endothelial and placental function. Long version of the guanine–thymine (GT
n
) microsatellite in the
HMOX1
promoter decreases HO-1 expression, and the long maternal repeat is associated with late-onset preeclampsia. Our aim was to study whether the length of fetal repeat is associated with mother’s preeclampsia, whether the length of fetal and maternal repeats affect HO-1 levels in placenta and maternal serum, and whether HO-1 levels are altered in preeclampsia. We genotyped the repeat in the cord blood of 609 preeclamptic and 745 nonpreeclamptic neonates. HO-1 levels were measured in 36 placental samples, and in the first (222 cases/243 controls) and third (176 cases/53 controls) pregnancy trimester serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The long fetal GT
n
repeat was associated with preeclampsia and its severe and early-onset subtypes. Interaction analysis suggested the maternal and fetal effects to be independent. Placental or serum HO-1 levels were not altered in preeclamptics, possibly reflecting heterogeneity of preeclampsia. Carriers of the long fetal and maternal repeats had lower placental and serum HO-1 levels, respectively, providing functional evidence for the association. We conclude that the long fetal GT
n
repeat may increase mother’s risk for especially severe and early-onset preeclampsia. The fetal and maternal risk alleles likely predispose to different disease subtypes.
Antihyperglycemic Agents Are Inversely Associated With Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Can Anil , Castro Victor M. , Yu Sheng , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Gainer Vivian S. , Shadick Nancy A. , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn , Cai Tianxi , Weiss Scott T. , Du Rose
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

Previous studies have suggested a protective effect of diabetes mellitus on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage risk. However, reports are inconsistent, and objective measures of hyperglycemia in these studies are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and antihyperglycemic agent use and glycated hemoglobin levels.

Methods—

The medical records of 4701 patients with 6411 intracranial aneurysms, including 1201 prospective patients, diagnosed at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital between 1990 and 2016 were reviewed and analyzed. Patients were separated into ruptured and nonruptured groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and antihyperglycemic agents and glycated hemoglobin levels. Propensity score weighting was used to account for selection bias.

Results—

In both unweighted and weighted multivariate analysis, antihyperglycemic agent use was inversely and significantly associated with ruptured aneurysms (unweighted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.87; weighted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.96). In contrast, glycated hemoglobin levels were not significantly associated with rupture status.

Conclusions—

Antihyperglycemic agent use rather than hyperglycemia is associated with decreased risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, suggesting a possible protective effect of glucose-lowering agents in the pathogenesis of aneurysm rupture.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Older Patients
Authors: Zuurbier Susanna M. , Hiltunen Sini , Lindgren Erik , Silvis Suzanne M. , Jood Katarina , Devasagayam Sharon , Kleinig Timothy J. , Silver Frank L. , Mandell Daniel M. , Putaala Jukka , Tatlisumak Turgut , Coutinho Jonathan M.
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is rare in older patients. We investigated whether clinical features and outcomes differ in older and younger patients.

Methods—

We used data from a multicenter observational registry of consecutive adult patients with CVT admitted between 1987 and 2016. We compared demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes between older (upper quartile of the age distribution) and younger (lower 3 quartiles of the age distribution) patients.

Results—

Data for 843 patients with CVT were available. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 30–55 years). Older patients (≥55 years; n=222) were less often women than younger patients (48% versus 71%;
P
<0.001) and less often reported headache (63% versus 87%;
P
<0.001). Cancer was more common in older patients (24% versus 9%;
P
<0.001), especially solid malignancies (19% versus 5%;
P
<0.001). Outcome at follow-up was worse in older patients (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6; adjusted odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–4.03; mortality, adjusted odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–4.19).

Conclusions—

The sex ratio of CVT is evenly distributed in older patients, probably because of the dissipation of hormonal influences. Malignancy should be considered as a potential precipitant in older patients with CVT.
Physoderinae Miller, 1954 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae): a junior synonym of Epiroderinae Distant, 1904, and a junior homonym of Physoderina Chaudoir, 1877 (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: December 2017

The purpose of the present paper is to review and resolve nomenclatural problems with the family-group name Physoderinae Miller, 1954 (type genus: Physoderes Westwood, 1846), a name being in prevailing usage for a subfamily of assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). It is demonstrated that this name is a junior synonym of Epiroderinae Distant, 1904 (type genus: Epirodera Westwood, 1847, a junior objective synonym of Physoderes) and permanently invalid as a junior homonym of the family-group name Physoderina Chaudoir, 1877 (type genus: Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae: Lebiini), therefore it is replaced by its senior synonym, Epiroderinae.
New records of tardigrades from Colombia with the description of Paramacrobiotus sagani sp. nov. and Doryphoribius rosanae sp. nov.
Authors: DAZA ANISBETH , CAICEDO MARTÍN , LISI OSCAR , QUIROGA SIGMER
Published: December 2017

By examining material collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Department of Magdalena, Colombia), the authors report a new record for the entire South America, Doryphoribius gibber Beasley & Pilato, 1987, and two species new to science, Paramacrobiotus sagani sp. nov., and Doryphoribius rosane sp. nov., are described. Paramacrobiotus sagani sp. nov. belongs to the richtersi group, vanescens subgroup (by having sculptured egg areolae) and is characterized by a peculiar cuticular granulation, trunco-conical egg processes with cylindrical indented apices, and other more detailed cha-racters both qualitative and metric; by the unique combination of characters, it differs from all the other known species of the genus. Doryphoribius rosanae sp. nov. is characterized by reticulated dorsal cuticle with gibbosities (formula IX:4-6-2-6-2-6-4-2-2), two macroplacoids in the pharynx without microplacoid or septulum, and large, stout claws without “free” accessory points but with lunules. It differs from all the other Doryphoribius species with gibbosities by having a unique formula, as well as other more detailed characters. Thanks to this contribution, the number of tardigrade species known for Colombia increases from 52 to 55.
A new species of Pangrapta Hübner, 1818 from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Pangraptinae)
Authors: HU YAN-QING , YU YONG , WANG MIN
Published: December 2017

Pangrapta is a large and morphologically rather diverse genus, which is widely distributed in the New and the Old Worlds. This genus usually has a dark brown ground color on wing and wing margin is often slightly angled; a majority of species have the triangle patch on the forewing costa between subterminal and postmedial lines; uncus is generally slender and tapering apex; valva tends to be long and narrow; harpe is often spine-shaped; vesica typically has one or more cornuti on the diverticula. As currently, Pangrapta is consisted of about 100 species in the world (Hu & Wang, 2013), which is called for a general revision.
Contrastive terminography
Authors: Łukasik Marek Wojciech
Published: December 2017

Contrastive terminographyContrastive methods have long been employed in lexicography, in particular in bi- and multilingual dictionary projects. The main rationale for this is the necessity to comprehensively study, i.e. compare and contrast, two or more linguistic systems that are to be presented in one way or another in respective dictionaries. Similarly, the contrastive approach is of paramount importance in terminographic undertakings, on account of the need to draw a distinction between terminological (conceptual) systems existing in various languages and across cultures. It must be emphasised, however, that the contrastive element is not only a part of terminographic practice, but also of the theory of terminography. This article aims to present the role of contrastive research across various spheres of specialised (=LSP) lexicography. Terminografia kontrastywnaMetody kontrastywne stosowane są w słownikarstwie od dawna, w szczególności w odniesieniu do dwu- i wielojęzycznych projektów leksykograficznych, z uwagi na konieczność przeprowadzenia analiz porównawczych dwóch lub więcej systemów językowych, których elementy mają być w konkretny sposób przedstawione/zestawione w słowniku. Badania kontrastywne odgrywają równie ważną rolę w pracy terminograficznej, przede wszystkim ze względu na potrzebę dokonania porównania systemów terminologicznych (pojęciowych) funkcjonujących w różnych językach i kulturach. Należy podkreślić, że elementy analiz kontrastywnych nie są jedynie domeną praktyki – korzysta z nich również teoria terminografii. W artykule przedstawiono rolę badań kontrastywnych na różnych płaszczyznach działalności terminograficznej.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ma Shaoxiu , Pitman Andy , Yang Jiachuan , Carouge Claire , Evans Jason P. , Hart Melissa , Green Donna
Published: December 2017

Global warming, in combination with the urban heat island effect, is increasing the temperature in cities. These changes increase the risk of heat stress for millions of city dwellers. Given the large populations at risk, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed to cool cities—including strategies that aim to reduce the ambient air temperature. This paper uses common heat stress metrics to evaluate the performance of several urban heat island mitigation strategies. The authors found that cooling via reducing net radiation or increasing irrigated vegetation in parks or on green roofs did reduce ambient air temperature. However, a lower air temperature did not necessarily lead to less heat stress because both temperature and humidity are important factors in determining human thermal comfort. Specifically, cooling the surface via evaporation through the use of irrigation increased humidity—consequently, the net impact on human comfort of any cooling was negligible. This result suggests that urban cooling strategies must aim to reduce ambient air temperatures without increasing humidity, for example via the deployment of solar panels over roofs or via cool roofs utilizing high albedos, in order to combat human heat stress in the urban environment.
Thermal Anomalies Detect Critical Global Land Surface Changes
Authors: Mildrexler D. J. , Zhao M. , Cohen W. B. , Running S. W. , Song X. P. , Jones M. O.
Published: December 2017

Measurements that link surface conditions and climate can provide critical information on important biospheric changes occurring in the Earth system. As the direct driving force of energy and water fluxes at the surface–atmosphere interface, land surface temperature (LST) provides information on physical processes of land-cover change and energy-balance changes that air temperature cannot provide. Annual maximum LST (LSTmax) is especially powerful at minimizing synoptic and seasonal variability and highlighting changes associated with extreme climatic events and significant land-cover changes. The authors investigate whether maximum thermal anomalies from satellite observations could detect heat waves and droughts, a melting cryosphere, and disturbances in the tropical forest from 2003 to 2014. The 1-km2 LSTmax anomalies peaked in 2010 when 20% of the global land area experienced anomalies of greater than 1 standard deviation and over 4% of the global land area was subject to positive anomalies exceeding 2 standard deviations. Positive LSTmax anomalies display complex spatial patterns associated with heat waves and droughts across the global land area. The findings presented herein show that entire biomes are experiencing shifts in their LSTmax distributions driven by extreme climatic events and large-scale land surface changes, such as melting of ice sheets, severe droughts, and the incremental effects of forest loss in tropical forests. As climate warming and land-cover changes continue, it is likely that Earth’s maximum surface temperatures will experience greater and more frequent directional shifts, increasing the possibility that critical thresholds in Earth’s ecosystems and climate system will be surpassed, resulting in profound and irreversible changes.
Dispersion Characteristics and Circulation Associated with Boreal Summer Westward-Traveling Mixed Rossby–Gravity Wave–Like Disturbances
Authors: Au-Yeung Andie Y. M. , Tam Chi-Yung
Published: December 2017

An algorithm has been developed to track synoptic-scale, westward-traveling mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) wave–like disturbances with a cross-equatorial component. Applied to space–time-filtered meridional wind data, this algorithm finds locations with Gaussian-shaped wind structures stated in the solutions of shallow-water equations (SWEs). Based on 850-hPa meridional wind from the global National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dataset, local and instantaneous wave properties including the occurrence time, wavenumber, intrinsic frequency, and magnitude were examined. It was found that these low-level MRG wave–like disturbances can be classified into a longer-wavelength group and a shorter-wavelength group. While most waves identified in the eastern Pacific give longer wavelengths, disturbances in the western Pacific tend to have a wider range of wavenumbers. Composite analysis revealed that east of ~140°E, low-level disturbances are characterized by cross-equatorial wind anomalies with alternating signs, thus consistent with the MRG wave solution. West of ~140°E, they appear as northeast–southwest-tilted eddies that propagate northwestward. Examination of their energetics suggests that such a tilting structure is favorable to the maintenance of these transients because of the meridional shear of background zonal wind west of ~140°E in the off-equatorial Pacific. Farther east, the confluent nature of the low-level background flow plays a dominant role in maintaining the MRG wave–like disturbances because of barotropic conversion. Finally, there is evidence of downward energy dispersion in the mid- to upper levels, suggesting that the upper-level wave activity might be important in triggering these low-level waves in the Pacific basin.
An Evaluation of Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Property Simulations in the Community Atmosphere Model Using Satellite Observations: Conventional Subgrid Parameterization versus CLUBB
Authors: Song Hua , Zhang Zhibo , Ma Po-Lun , Ghan Steven J. , Wang Minghuai
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a satellite-observation-based evaluation of the marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud properties from two Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), simulations, one with the standard parameterization schemes (CAM5–Base) and the other with the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals scheme (CAM5–CLUBB). When comparing the direct model outputs, the authors find that CAM5–CLUBB produces more MBL clouds, a smoother transition from stratocumulus to cumulus, and a tighter correlation between in-cloud water and cloud fraction than CAM5–Base. In the model-to-observation comparison using the COSP satellite simulators, the authors find that both simulations capture the main features and spatial patterns of the observed cloud fraction from MODIS and shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) from CERES. However, CAM5–CLUBB suffers more than CAM5–Base from a problem that can be best summarized as “undetectable” clouds (i.e., a significant fraction of simulated MBL clouds are thinner than the MODIS detection threshold). This issue leads to a smaller COSP–MODIS cloud fraction and a weaker SWCF in CAM5–CLUBB than the observations and also CAM5–Base in the tropical descending regions. Finally, the authors compare modeled radar reflectivity with CloudSat observations and find that both simulations, especially CAM5–CLUBB, suffer from an excessive drizzle problem. Further analysis reveals that the subgrid precipitation enhancement factors in CAM5–CLUBB are unrealistically large, which makes MBL clouds precipitate too excessively, and in turn results in too many undetectable thin clouds.
The Phenology of Wilderness Use: Backcountry Recreation in a Changing Climate
Authors: Marshall Adrienne , Butsic Van , Harte John
Published: December 2017

Phenology studies are a critical tool for identifying the ways that changing climate affects species and ecosystems. Here, a phenological framework was used to assess the sensitivity of human behavior to temperature and hydroclimate variables that are likely to change as temperatures warm under twenty-first-century climate change. The timing of visitation to wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada was used as a case study. Visitation timing was assessed using a backcountry permit database and data collected from weblogs or blogs. Mean, earliest, and latest visitation dates were regressed against temperature, streamflow, and snowpack variables: seasonally averaged air temperatures, snow water equivalent (SWE) in spring months, center of timing (CT), and total annual flow. Mean visitation was sensitive to CT, total annual flow, April and May SWE, and spring and summer temperatures, with visitors advancing 0.20–0.28 days for each day advance in CT and 3.7 to 5.7 days for each degree Celsius increase in summer temperatures. Visitors appear to be partially sensitive to both hydroclimate and temperature, suggesting that visitation may occur earlier as spring snow decreases, but also that because of this partial sensitivity, visitors may interact with ecosystems in a different phenological stage as the climate warms. Managers of these areas should plan for changing timing of visitation and should also consider ways that visitors interacting with different hydroclimatic and ecosystem conditions may influence management strategies.
Feasibility Assessment of Synchronous Fluorescence Spectral Fusion by Application to Argan Oil for Adulteration Analysis
Authors: Stokes Tyler D. , Foteini Mellou , Brownfield Brett , Kalivas John H. , Mousdis George , Amine Aziz , Georgiou Constantinos
Published: December 2017

Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) is used for quantitative analysis as well as for qualitative analysis, such as with classification methods. With SFS, determination of a useful wavelength interval between the excitation and emission wavelengths (Δλ) is required. There are a multitude of Δλ intervals that can be evaluated and optimization of the best one is complex. Presented here is a fusion approach for combining Δλ intervals, thereby negating the need to perform the selection by a skilled operator. To demonstrate the feasibility of omitting selection of the best Δλ interval, adulterated argan oil samples are studied. Argan oil is made from the argan tree, endemic to southwestern Morocco, and is well-known for its cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications. It is considered a luxury product and exported from Morocco around the world. Consequently, detection of argan oil adulteration followed by quantitative analysis of the adulterant concentration is important. This study uses fusion of SFS spectra obtained at ten Δλ intervals to first detect adulteration of argan oil by corn oil and then determination of the corn oil content. For detection of adulteration, 15 one-class classification methods were used simultaneously over the ten Δλ sets of SFS spectra. For tuning parameter dependent classifiers such as Mahalanobis distance, non-optimized classifiers are used. Raw classification values are used, removing the need to set classifier-dependent threshold values, albeit, ultimately, a fusion decision rule is needed for classification. For quantitative analysis, two calibration approaches are evaluated with fusion of these ten Δλ SFS spectral data sets. One is multivariate calibration by partial least squares (PLS). The second approach is a univariate calibration process where the SFS spectra are summed over respective SFS spectral ranges, also known as the area under the curve (AUC). For adulteration detection and quantitation of the corn oil, prediction errors decrease with fusion compared to individually using the ten Δλ interval SFS specific data sets. For this argan oil data set, the AUC method generally provides equivalent prediction errors to PLS.