bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Lützenkirchen-Hecht D , Bornmann B , Frahm R , Rothweiler P , von Polheim S , Eckelt F , Müller O
Published: December 2022

The existing setup for time-resolved quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS) at beamline P64 at the PETRA III storage ring is complemented by new infrastructure suited for the collection of X-ray diffraction data simultaneously to the QEXAFS experiment. In particular, the sinusoidal periodic movements of the quick-EXAFS mono-chromator are modified in such a way, that an energy plateau with approximately constant energy over a certain time is created in the pre-edge region of the absorption edge of interest. By employing a properly defined trigger signal in this time, the exposure of a two-dimensional X-ray detector placed behind the sample is actuated, thus allowing to collect an X-ray diffraction pattern over a certain angular range as defined by the actual X-ray energy and the position of the 2D-detector. Details of the new setup as well as exemplary results obtained during the solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and the bcc-fcc phase transition of iron at elevated temperatures are presented.
Development of a new methodology for site distribution determination by powder diffraction with anomalous scattering using focused beam and flat shape sample geometry
Authors: Tanaka M
Published: December 2022

A new methodology of synchrotron powder diffraction with anomalous scattering for site occupancy determination has been examined. We have been developing a new Synchrotron powder diffraction geometry with focused X-ray beam, flat shape sample and area detectors. As an application of the geometry, a new methodology for site occupancy determination has been tried. The diffraction intensity ratio change against X-ray energy near an absorption edge was observed and was compared with the calculation obtained from various site distribution crystal structure models. The methodology has been successfully applied for site distribution determination of In atom in β-(Ga,In)2O3 crystal. The new methodology can obtain diffraction intensity without approximation in absorption correction and can eliminate preferred orientation effect. By the combination of these features the new methodology can be a new application of synchrotron powder diffraction with anomalous scattering.
Orientation efficiency of a Sun-tracking surface
Authors: Syrotyuk S , Halchak V , Boyarchuk V , Syrotiuk V , Jakubowski T , Giełżecki J
Published: December 2022

The work uses common correlations of solar power engineering and spherical astronomy for measuring of orientation efficiency of a tracking surface. The presented formulas for calculation are supplied with the appropriate schemes of illumination. The research gives hour graphics, which depicts a dependence of the cosines of the angle of incidence of the surface of typical tracking devices for the periods of summer and winter solstice and equinox. The graphic materials are suitable for argumentation of the constructive decisions and comparative estimation of their efficiency.
Logistic regression application into leak identification of embankment in-depth probe
Authors: Kozłowski E , Król K , Rymarczyk T
Published: December 2022

The publication presents the results of research on the method of spatial analysis of moisture in objects with the use of deep-sea electrodes. The research consisted in the preparation and development of algorithms as well as models for the analysis and reconstruction of images on the basis of data obtained from impedance electrical tomography. The selected algorithms were used to convert electrical values into conductance. The input is electrical values and the output is image pixels. The pixels represent the conductance. The paper presents the use of PCA method in logistic regression as well as elastic network in logistic regression for leak detection in embankments. In order to be able to perform the research, deep-sea probes were used to collect data.
Some remarks about Boundary Element Method application of second-order versus zero-order to Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Sikora J
Published: December 2022

In this article, two boundary elements approximation has been considered focusing the readers' attention on some numerical aspects of such approximation. As an example, the Diffuse Optical Tomography was selected with the relatively simple geometry of the region. Then, the Helmholtz equation converted to the necessary form in the frequency domain was considered. Next, the inverse problem was formulated as the optimal shape design one. Finally, those two different approximations were compared, and then the results were presented. Finally, some conclusions were formulated at the end of the paper.
Using principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression to identify the location of objects in EIT
Authors: Król K , Rymarczyk T , Kozłowski E , Niderla K
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the research results on the use of machine learning algorithms and electrical tomography to detect moisture in the tank. The article presents methods such as principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression, for identifying object locations. Tomographic methods show a spatial image of the interior, not individual points of the examined cross-section. Previous studies have shown that the choice of machine learning model has a significant impact on the quality of the results obtained. Machine learning is more likely to provide accurate tomogram reconstructions than traditional mathematical methods. In this study, linear regression models performed slightly worse than neural networks. A specially developed numerical model was used in this study. The characteristic feature of the analyzed solution is the partition of the modeled object into a set of elements using a specially developed mesh.
An Experimental and Computational Investigations on the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Novel Chalcone (E)-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(1, 5a1-dihydro pyren-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Alsaee Saleh K. , Mzwd Elham , Bakar Mohamad Aizat Abu , Abdullah Mundzir , Arshad Suhana , Razak Ibrahim Abdul
Published: December 2022

A novel chalcone based pyrene (E)-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(1,5a1-dihydropyren-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (EIPDP) has been successfully synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The molecular structure was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was obtained to study the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) by introducing electrophilic and nucleophilic sites on the compound surfaces. Absorption UV-Vis spectra were performed experimentally and theoretically to study the electron transitions of the EIPDP. Further, the excitation states were characterized using the hybrid exchange-correlation functional of Coulomb Attenuated Method-Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (CAM-B3LYP) with the Integral Equation Formalism Polarizable Continuum Model (IEFPCM) in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent at the same basis set. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated using Z-scan techniques with continuous wave (CW) laser at 630nm. The NLO findings disclosed that the third-order nonlinear optical parameter (χ
3) for the title compound is in the order of 10−6 esu.
Colorimetric Technique for Monitoring Water Stress in Palm Oil Seedlings
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Jamlos Mohd Faizal
Published: December 2022

Prevention of stress in the asymptomatic stage of the plants could result in improved crop management. In this study, the water and light stress of three oil palm seedlings (Elaeis Guineensis) was examined by assessing the leaves' colour using CIELAB colour space. The oil palm seedlings were subjected to water stress for 33 days and then to water and light stress from 55 to 78 day (for 25 days). The variation of the colour of the leaves due to water stress was discussed in detail. The approach used in this study to identify the drought stress may allow for differentiating mild environmental and severe drought stress in oil palm plants and may be used for remote field-scale estimation of plant stress resistance and health.
Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3) as Passive Q-switcher for Pulsed Fiber Laser Generation in C-band Region
Authors: Roslan I. A. Z. , Rahman M. F. A. , Latiff A. A. , Harun S. W. , Yasin M.
Published: December 2022

This work demonstrate Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3) film as a passive saturable absorber (SA) for pulse generation within C-band region. The saturable absorber was fabricated from Nd2O3 powder, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to form a film. The all-fiber ring cavity configuration was used in the experiment. The Q-switching operated with the pump power from 60 mW to 120 mW. The repetition rate increases from 52 kHz to 77 kHz, while the pulse width shown decrement of 7.4 µs to 5.3 µs. The signal-to-noise ratio obtained of the fundamental frequency is 64 dB. The maximum output power and pulse energy are 3.6 mW and 4.6 nJ respectively. The maximum peak power obtained is 0.87 mW.
Fluctuation Effect of Dissolved of TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) on Diatom Abundance in Intensive Shrimp Culture Ponds
Authors: Ariadi H , Syakirin M. B , Hidayati S , Madusari B D. , Soeprapto H
Published: December 2022

TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) is the accumulation of nutrient elements needed by plankton to grow in intensive shrimp farming ponds. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship effect of TAN concentration fluctuations on diatom abundance in the intensive shrimp culture cycle. This research was conducted during one intensive shrimp culture cycle at PT. Menjangan Mas Nusantara, Pandeglang, with its research variables is the dominance percentage of plankton abundance and the level of TAN solubility in ponds. The results showed that during the shrimp culture period the abundance of plankton was dominated by predominant diatom, chlorophyceae, and chyanophyceae classes. The percentage of diatom dominance during cultivation has a graph similarity with the level dissolved of TAN fluctuation in the pond. The dissolved of TAN itself is described continue to increase with shrimp farming age. Statically, the relationship between the dissolved effect of TAN concentration on diatom abundance in ponds was modeled by the regression equation y = 2.210 + 32.411 (R2= 0.88; α0.00). The conclusion obtained from the results of this study, the level of dominance by diatom abundance during shrimp culture period is strongly influenced by the fluctuation of TAN concentration as the main nutrient element in ponds with a significance level of 88%.
The Effects of Different Dosages of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) towards The Sex of Betta Fish Embryo
Authors: Batubara JP , Laila K , Rumodang R , Kurniawan D
Published: December 2022

Betta fish (Betta splendens) is one of the ornamental fish that is in demand by the public because it has aesthetic value and high economic value. The attractive body color of male betta fish with long fins causes this fish to be more attractive to the public compared to female betta fish. Male betta fish have the prospect of being monosexually cultured which can be done by masculinization method. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of pasak bumi extract on the percentage of male sex ratio, hatchability and survival rate of larvae. The masculinization method is an engineering technique of administering steroid hormones that can increase the male sex ratio with using natural materials that are environmentally friendly such as pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack). Pasak Bumi contains phytosterol compounds so it can be used as a natural ingredient in masculinization applications. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Asahan University using Completely Randomized Design 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) replications with dose pasak bumi extract is 0 mg/L; 1 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 3 mg/L and 4 mg/L. The treatment was given by soaking betta fish embryos in the Morula phase, which is about 2 (two) hours after fertilization. The results of the study show that concentration pasak bumi 3 mg/L resulted in the highest percentage of males from all treatments, which was 76.50%. The percentage of hatchability for all treatments is 100% However, the highest survival rate was found indose 4 mg/L by 65%. The research results also show found fish intersex in the treatment of 2 mg/L of 0,40% and 4 mg/L by 0,25%. Water quality during the study in the form of temperature ranged from 24.5-26.7°C; pH 5.8 – 7.1 and DO 3.5 – 4.7 mg/l.
Identification of Ectoparasites that Infect Mangrove Crabs (Scylla Serrata) in Asahan District, Indonesia
Authors: Rumondang  , Batubara J P , Laila K , Gustira D , Mulyani I
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the type and level of prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites that infect mud crabs (Scylla serrata) in Asahan district. The method of data collection was carried out by field observation methods carried out in the sea silos, Pematang Baru, and Sei Kepayang areas. The crab samples observed were live crabs, the number of mud crabs taken for the sample was 10% of each population. Furthermore, in the carapace, the type of parasite that attacks is Trichodina sp with a prevalence rate of 38%. This parasite infected 5 of the 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae sp each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. The crabs that attack the sea silos are Octolasmis sp, Ichtyopthyrius multifilis, Trichodina sp, Zoothamnium sp. The parasites that attack the new ponds are Octolasmis sp, Carchesium sp, Zoothamnium sp, and the parasites that attack Sei Kepayang are Octolasmis sp, Carchesium sp, Poecilasmatidae sp, Trichodina sp. The intensity of the parasites found was classified as moderate but for the parasite Octolasmis sp.
Automation design for lobster Floating Net Cage shifting from red tide in marine waters
Authors: Waryanto  , Zulkarnain R , Mahabror D
Published: December 2022

Floating Net Cages are a medium for lobsters rearing and at certain times, red tide caused mortality for lobsters. One solution is to shift the floating net cages in marine waters to safe waters which are controlled using a microcontroller. Water quality monitoring will be input for the microcontroller to give orders to the mooring line extension station and to command the foot station to perform tasks according to the function of each station. Field observations of the use of water quality monitoring to indicate the threat of red tide to the floating net cage location, as an order for the microcontroller to carry out; literature study includes water quality monitoring and sensor systems; the command flow in the form of a chart in the form of step by step logic from input in the form of results from monitoring water quality to avoid the threat of red tide automatically; design the hardware and create the software in the form of a command flow chart. The result of automation design is presented in the chart form which is a flow of commands from input in the form of water quality monitoring results to the process of shifting the floating net cage to avoid the threat of red tide. Information about red tide in the floating net cage environment used as input for the microcontroller commanding an automatic mooring rope length increaser and automatic floating net cage legs. Two things that used designing of the automation of shifting floating net cages for lobster rearing from red tide in marine waters: identify the presence of red tide in seawater currents leading to floating net cages for lobster rearing and action process in shifting floating net cages by two tools.
The Role of Prebiotics for Diversity of Intestinal Microorganisms of Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)
Authors: Handayani I , Aryati Y , Gardenia L
Published: December 2022

Prebiotics are undigested food ingredients that can be utilized by intestinal microorganisms. The provision of prebiotics will improve growth performance, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and increase fish immunity. Several previous aquaculture studies have used single prebiotics as prebiotics, such as FOS, GOS, and inulin. We need a material that is multi prebiotics which is expected to give better results. Honey is a material that includes multi prebiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the administration of prebiotic honey with different doses (0%, 05%, and 1% doses) through feeding on the diversity of microbiota in the digestive tract of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The method used in this study was to take samples of tilapia intestines, then analyzed them using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results showed that the most unique OTU were in the treatment of prebiotic honey with a dose of 1%. The treatment of prebiotic honey in the feed gave a higher OTU compared to the control. This is because the oligosaccharide content of honey can be utilized by the gut microbiota. The high unique OTUs in the treatment of adding honey, both 0.5% and 1%, presumably because these unique OTUs can grow well in that environment so that there is an equilibrium between species that together can utilize nutrients from honey oligosaccharides. so that all components of the microbiota can grow optimally. Prebiotic honey given to tilapia also triggers the emergence of the genus Lactobacillus, Cetobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto which are probiotic bacteria in the fisheries sector.
Low Salinity Application to Improve Biofloc System in Early Grow-Out Stage of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Syaichudin M , Jumriadi  , Gafur A , Akmal  , Rahmi  , Lideman  , Sadat  , Juniyanto NM , Sujaka S
Published: December 2022

Extreme time for the failure of white shrimp culture often occurs at the beginning of rearing, especially during disease attacks and environmental degradation, where high salinity is also a trigger. This research aimed to examine the robustness of shrimp culture with environmental design at low salinity at the beginning of rearing. Methodology: this study was conducted in two plastic ponds (900 m2), each with a seed stocking density (PL-8) of 250 indv/m2, where treatment A (control/initial salinity 27 ppt), while treatment B (low initial salinity 15 ppt) with rearing for 80 days. According to the results from both regimens, salinity changed from the beginning of stocking until the day of 43(27-28 ppt). There began to be similarities, where the addition of water always used normal seawater (33 ppt) until the end. Vibrio harveyii disease attack in DOC 41 occurred in treatment A (control) which was marked by luminescence light from the water rearing, this was different in treatment B which was clean from the luminescence light of pond water. This is also thought to cause the survival rate of control to be lower. It appears that the survival rate (SR) calculation is different, whereas, in treatment A (control), it is only 86%, while in treatment B is 98%. The average body weight in treatment A averaged 8.19±1,36 g/indv, while treatment B averaged 8.69±1,55 g/indv. The results of the FCR calculation in treatment A (control) was around 1.57, while treatment B was 1.42 with total biomass on A 1.402 kg and for treatment B 1.624 kg. The implementation of a low salinity environmental design at the start of rearing can boost the white shrimp culture biofloc system’s robustness, it can be concluded.
Diversity Of Marine Macro Molluscan Gastropods and Bivalves In The Intertidal Areas Of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Arabaca MLC , Ilano A , Taunan VO
Published: December 2022

The Philippines has rich marine resources but are threatened by the effects of climate change and other activities made by humans. There is an inadequate or scarcity in literature on prominent impacts of climate change on the country’s rich biodiversity, specifically on marine ecosystem, thus this study aimed to determine the diversity of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves on the intertidal areas of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines. Marine macro gastropods and bivalves were surveyed monthly from October 2015 to March 2016 and transect method was carried out to assess species composition, abundance and occurrence. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) was utilized to determine the diversity of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves in the area. Coefficient of correlation was used to determine correlation between physico-chemical properties of sea water with the diversity index value. There were a total of 8,705 individual mollusks sampled and classified up to 43 species of gastropods having 28 genera belonging to 20 families and 29 species of bivalves belonging to 22 genera out of 14 families. The family Muricidae was the best represented in species richness among the gastropods and family Veneridae among the bivalves. In family wise landing among the gastropods, the maximum number recorded was Batillariidae having a relative abundance of 46%. In bivalves, the most abundant family was Veneridae with 20.25% relative abundance. The Shannon-Wiener index value revealed that the area was still normal in terms of species diversity. Temperature and DO of sea water were positively correlated with the H’, whereas pH and salinity were negatively correlated. This study provided baseline information as to the status of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves in the intertidal area of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines.
Production of ornamental fish in a biofloc-based system using sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) waste as carbon source
Authors: Deocampo J E , Fenol J T , Jimenez A G M , Paguntalan G S , Caipang C M A
Published: December 2022

The use of biofloc technology has positive effects on the quality of water and utilization of feed through the recycling microbial protein during the culture of commercially important finfishes. This culture technology is also used in the rearing of ornamental fish to address limitations on land space and water use as well to minimize the impacts of wastewater discharge. Therefore, the current study evaluated the utilization of plant wastes in the production of biofloc for the ornamental fish culture. A 30-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of using sweetpotato,Ipomoea batataswastes in biofloc production for the rearing of molly,Poeciliasp. The effects on growth, water quality and bacterial population in the water were evaluated. Triplicate tanks of water supplemented with dried sweetpotato wastes (biofloc treatment) at a C:N ratio of 10 and the non-biofloc group were stocked with mixed-sex juveniles of molly at a density of 3 fish per liter and reared for 30 days. Significant differences were observed in water quality parameters particularly lower concentrations of ammonia and nitrate in the biofloc group. Growth parameters showed better growth and lower feed conversion rate in the biofloc group. Higher bacterial counts were also observed in the biofloc group than in the control. The current study showed that sweet potato wastes could be used in the production of biofloc during the rearing of ornamental fish and the presence of bioflocs can increase bacterial population in the water resulting in the recycling of nutrients that could lead towards improving water quality and enhancing fish growth.
Gastric Contents Analysis of Gulamah Fish (Johnius belangerii) Obtained In West Dumai Subdistrict and East Dumai Subdistrict
Authors: Yoswaty D , Efriyeldi E , Batubara U M , Windarti W , Ghazali T M , Saputra E , Jaya R S
Published: December 2022

Gulamah fish (Johnius belangerii) is one type of marine fish found in Dumai waters. The study aimed to analyze the composition of natural feed on the stomach contents of gulamah fish obtained in Dumai. Research methods are survey methods, sampling is done by purposive sampling. The study was conducted in April-June 2022. Gulamah fish samples collected were 60 fish (in West Dumai Subdistrict 30 fish and East Dumai Subdistrict 30 fish). Fish samples were divided into 3 size classes, namely 3.1-8.3 cm; 8.4-13.5 cm and 13.6-18.7 cm. The results showed that the composition of food in the stomach contents of gulamah fish obtained in West Dumai Subdistrict is the size of class I (detritus IP 50%; and fish IP 50%), Class II (detritus IP 64%; fish IP 17.8%; shrimp IP 13.4%; and shellfish IP 4.8%) and Class III (detritus IP 5.6%; fish IP 83%; shrimp IP 5.6%; and shellfish IP 5.9%). The composition of food on the stomach contents of fish obtained in East Dumai Subdistrict consists of class I Size (detritus IP 57%; fish IP 10%; and shrimp IP 33%); Class II (empty stomach contents); and Class III (shrimp IP 100%). This indicates that gulamah fish (J. belangerii) is classified as a carnivorous fish.
Bioactive Components of Meat Powder and Viscera-Gonad Holothuria Scabra from Terung Island Waters, Batam, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarto  , Karnila R
Published: December 2022

Holothuria scabra contains some bioactive components that are highly needed by humans in functional and healthy food. This study aims to determine differences in chemical content and bioactive components, the amount of water-soluble protein, salt-soluble protein, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile from meat powder ingredients and viscera-gonad. The research stages include the weeding process and sample preparation, making meat powder and sea cucumber viscera-gonad, and testing the chemical and bioactive composition. Yields of sea cucumber meat powder and viscera-gonads were 95.45% and 95.92%, respectively. Sea cucumber meat powder has a slightly grayish creamy white color (69.32% white degree), while the sea cucumber gonad powder has a slightly brownish grayish-white color (63.09% white degree). The chemical contents of meat powder and edible gonad of sea cucumber are water content 9.12% and 16.12%, protein 79.50% (dw) and 51.83% (dw), fat 2.14% (dw) and 20.09% (dw), ash 4.14% (dw) and 9.52% (dw), carbohydrates 13.88% (dw) and 18.57% (dw), respectively. Components of bioactive in sea cucumber extract generally contain flavonoid components, saponins, alkaloids and steroids, and specifically, the meat is not identified flavonoid compounds. Water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein in the sea cucumber powder decreased compared to the fresh sea cucumber. Essential amino acids in sea cucumber amino were most abundant in meat of 74.09% and viscera-gonads of 49.95%. The dominant essential amino acids in sea cucumber meat included lysine (6.78%) and leucine (7.11%), in the viscera-gonad of leucine amino acid types (3.81%) and arginine (4.16%). The amount of total fatty acids in sea cucumber meat (1.71%) was smaller than that of sea cucumber gonads (18.49%). The types of fatty acids identified in the meat and the sea cucumber viscera-gonad were saturated fatty acids of 1.08% and 8.97%; saturated fatty acids of 0.63% and 4.96%; while compounds saturated fatty acids in meat were not identified and in viscera-gonads by 4.56%.
Amino Acid and Mineral Profiles of Fresh Snakehead (Channa striata) Meat to Potential as an Immune System
Authors: Dewita D , Sidauruk S W , Desmelati D
Published: December 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Riau Province experienced an increase in fish consumption as an effort to improve the immune system in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. The increase in fish consumption is in line with the increase in the production of snakehead fish commodity fisheries in Riau Province. However, research on the nutritional content of snakehead fish from Riau waters has not been reported. So, this study aimed to characterize the snakehead fish meat’s amino acid and mineral profiles. Snakehead fish was obtained from Bengkuang Lake, Riau Province then analyzed physically (fish freshness detection, morphometrics, and fish body proportions) and chemically (proximate, amino acids, and minerals). The results showed that the snakehead fish meat obtained from Riau waters was in fresh condition with a body length of 30.33 cm and a body weight of 252 g, which was dominated by the proportion of the body part of the meat of 37.38%. Based on chemical characteristics, snakehead fish meat contained 16.99% protein and 1.96% ash. Snakehead fish meat also had dominant amino acids, namely leucine 0.539% and glutamic acid 1.446%. Furthermore, snakehead fish meat minerals were dominated by Fe 6.217% and Zn 2.235%. The presence of amino acids leucine, glutamic acid, and Fe and Zn minerals play an important role in the wound healing process and immune system.
The Ecological Analysis of The Habitat of Semah Fish (Tor tambroides, Bleeker 1854) in The Kampar Kanan Hulu River Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Mulyani I , Sumiarsih E , Putra R M , Shahrian W , Ariyani D , Rumondang
Published: December 2022

Semah fish (Tor tambroides, Bleeker 1854) is one of the asian endemic fish species that have high economic value. Living from this semah fish inhabits the upper reaches of the river, one of which is the upper reaches of the right upper Kampar river, which is located in Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. From the data and information obtained, the presence of the number of semah fish in the Kampar river continues to experience a decrease in population. The decline in the population of this semah fish is thought to be due to changes in the ecological conditions of this semah fish habitat. This study aims to analyze ecological aspects, namely in the form of physico-chemical factors of water quality of the Kampar Kanan Hulu River in Bandur Picak village as a habitat for semah fish. Water sampling was carried out in the waters of the Kampar Hulu Kanan River, Bandur Picak Village, Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This study used a survey method where data was taken directly to the location using in situ and exsitu analysis to explain the characteristics of the semah fish habitat. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results of this study showed in measuring water quality with the results of physical parameters, including: temperature of 24—26 °C, current speed of 0,44—0.5 m/s, depth of 0.95—2.3 m, and brightness of 0,44—0.5 m, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 6—11 mg/l, Total Suspended Solid (TDS) 28.2—37.6 ppm. As for the chemical parameters, the water quality is as follows: DO 7,2—8 ppm, pH 6, CO2 7.99 ppm, Total Posphat 0.15—0.17 ppm, Total Nitrogen 1.28—1.46 mg/l and NH3 0.11—0.14 ppm.
The Pollution load on tide conditions in Air Hitam River, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province
Authors: Yuliati Y , Sumiarsih E , Efawani E , Mulyani I , Fahreza M I
Published: December 2022

The Air Hitam River is one of the 13 creeks of the Siak River that flows in a peat swamp area. The watershed area of Air Hitam River is a peat swamp that has been converted into oil palm plantations, residential areas, and industrial warehousing. This study aims to calculate the pollution load of the Air Hitam River in tidal conditions with the parameters TSS, BOD, COD, nitrite and total phosphate. Samples were taken from January-March 2022 and analyzed to estimate the pollution load in the tributary. The results of the analysis of the pollution load at high tide were 18163.2 kg/day (TSS), 10.982.4 kg/day (BOD), 15.415 kg/day (COD), 249.22 (nitrate), 234.432 and 240.768, (total phosphate). While at low tide the pollution load was 26379.648 kg/day for TSS, 5.354,36 kg/day BOD, 12.818 kg/day COD, 253.70 kg/day nitrate and 238.61 kg/day total phosphate.
Growth Patterns Analysis of Yellow-Finned Medaka (Oryzias profundicola) as Endemic Fish in Lake Towuti
Authors: Nursyahran N , Jayadi J , Tamsil A , Harlina H
Published: December 2022

Lake Towuti has the potential biological resource and a wide diversity of endemic fish with ecological and economic value. Lake Towuti is also known as a biodiversity hotspot that needs attention to conservation because of the number of threads increasing. Fisheries resources in Lake Towuti has a significant role in increasing income, expanding job opportunity, and as a nutritional source for the community. Lake Towuti is also known as rich in endemic fisheries that have economic and ecological value. One of them is known as Yellow-Finned Medaka (Oryzias profundicola). Yellow-Finned Medaka is a biological native resource and endemic fish in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi. A study about this fish has never been conducted before so it needs research to analyse the growth pattern in Lake Towuti. This study aims to determine the growth pattern of yellow-finned medaka in Lake Towuti. Samples were collected from January to July 2022 every month and measured their length and weight. During the study were found 2949 fish, consisting of 1202 males and 1747 females. The length-weight relationship was W=1.3366L0.0041 for males and 0.9127L0.0187 for females. These results indicate that the growth pattern for yellow-finned Medaka is negative allometric.
Monitoring the Ecotoxicology of the Koto Panjang Reservoir by Determining the Levels of Heavy Metals
Authors: Harjoyudanto Y , Hendrizal A , Junaidi R , Budijono
Published: December 2022

Water quality monitoring activities are important to be carried out regularly. This activity is intended as an effort to create sustainable cultivation activities. The Koto Panjang Reservoir is one of the reservoirs used for aquaculture activities, so monitoring activities at this location are important things to do. This activity was carried out using a survey method at two observation locations. Location 1 is the floating net caged area, and Location 2 is the upstream or non-floating net cages area. Direct water quality measurements were carried out in both locations: temperature, pH, and DO. In addition, water samples were taken to see the content of heavy metals, namely Cd and Pb. Water samples were carried out to see the heavy metal content at the Basic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University. The results showed that overall, the physicochemical quality of water at the Koto Panjang Reservoir, both Locations 1 and 2, namely temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, still met the requirements for fish farming. While the value of Cd in all observation locations at the Koto Panjang Reservoir exceeds the quality standard, it can be said to be polluted. Unlike Cd, there is a difference in the value of Pb at Location I and II, namely Pb at Location I; the Pb value is outside the quality standard threshold or is said to be polluted, while Location II still has not exceeded the quality standard. The high Pb value at Location I was due to many fishing boat activities with engines.
Bacterial pathogens in fresh fish sold from the wet market in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
Authors: Gao P , Shaarani S M , Nor Qhairul Izzreen M N
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of commercial fresh fish. A total of 7 marine fish species (n = 9 per species) were collected and sold from the wet market in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. The prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. (100%) in fish was the highest followed by Aeromonas spp. (58%), Escherichia coli (46.03%), Vibrio spp. (22%), and Salmonella spp. (6.35%). The mean of the total plate counts in gill, gastrointestinal tract, skin and flesh samples were 5.32 ± 0.69 log cfu/g, 4.81 ± 0.81 log cfu/g, 4.23 ± 0.58 log cfu/cm2 and 3.99 ± 0.58 log cfu/g, respectively. Therefore, fresh fish sold in Kora Kinabalu has the potential to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Effective control measures are required to prevent contamination during postharvest fish processing and consumers are advised to avoid eating raw fish to reduce health hazards from bacteria.
Implementation of Biodiversity Conventions in Protecting and Conserving Indonesia’s Marine Environment
Authors: Widayanti T F , Syarif L M , Aswan M , Hakim M Z , Djafart E M , Ratnawati
Published: December 2022

Indonesia has three main ecosystems, mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass bed ecosystems as characteristics of a coastal countries. However, the three ecosystems are getting more and more damaged daily. This is caused by activities carried out by humans such as very fast infrastructure of coastal areas, marine debris and overfishing, and other consequences. To overcome this, the government has issued various policies, especially regarding protecting biodiversity in the three ecosystems. One of the actions taken by the government is to ratify the biodiversity convention (CBD) through Law Number 5 of 1994. Since the agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global development established, the implementation of the biodiversity convention must be aligned with the SDGs, to create equitable development and ensure human welfare. Subsequently, a conflict emerged, was how to align policies to provide effective protection for the conservation of the three marine ecosystems while continuing to develop globally so that the marine environment preservation was maintained and developed for the community, especially in coastal areas continued to develop. This study uses a normative approach by analyzing international conventions and related national regulations and then be written down by descriptive analysis. This research has purposed to find the perfect concept of policy for the implementation of CBD to give protection and conservation the environment in the Indonesia sea. Research shows that it is necessary to make legal regulations that contain strict sanctions against perpetrators of destroying marine ecosystems because so far, there have been no strict sanctions given by law enforcement officers against those who violate these rules.
The dynamics of benthic invertebrates in different part of peat swamp forests converted to rice fields
Authors: Erniaty E , Gumiri S , Ardianor A , Haryono A , Yulintine Y
Published: December 2022

The Indonesian government plans to turn Central Kalimantan province into a national food barn by planting rice paddies in several places, including in shallow peatlands. Tropical peatlands have limited potential to be used as agricultural land since the growing media in some cases, is not conducive to root development, saturated-water soil that poissons the plants. Aquatic invertebrates can be used as indicators to determine whether water quality in a field is safe for plants or not. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of benthic in different part of aquatic ecosystems on peat swamp forests. This study was conducted in Peat Techno Park (PTP) of the University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. Samples were collected from 9 stations with different forms of land use for agricultural activities, namely unplowed paddy fields, plowed fields, swamps, connecting ditches, beje, natural peat swamp forests, breeding ponds, and irrigation ponds. Data were collected over 6 months and coincided with the peak of dry and wet seasons. The abundance and species of aquatic invertebrates were then analyzed some related physic-chemical parameters, such as depth, water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The results showed that the macrozoobenthos species found on this study was slightly rare. There was identified merely 3 genera, include in the two benthic groups, e.i. Annelida and insect. As to the insect, the dominant species was from the order of Diptera and family of Chironomidae, especially Chironomus. Spatially, stations 1 (unplowed rice fields), 2 (ploughed rice fields), 3 (peat swamp forest), 7 (cultivated ponds), and 9 (new beje) were particularly abundant. In this case, the conversion of peat swamp forests to rice fields and fish culture ponds will possibly promote greater diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrate communities.
The competitiveness of Indonesia’s frozen shrimp exports in international market
Authors: Yolandika C , Sofyani T , Mursyid H , Anggraini N , Berliana D
Published: December 2022

Shrimp is the first Indonesia’s leading fishery export commodity, above tuna, squid, crab, and seaweed. The categories of shrimp that are exported are frozen shrimp, fresh shrimp, and processed shrimp, where the largest quantity for the shrimp export category is frozen shrimp. However, Indonesia’s export value growth for frozen shrimp is still lower than its competitors. This study aims to analyze the level of competitiveness of frozen shrimp exports in Indonesia among competing countries in international market. The data used was secondary data obtained from related agencies. The analytical method used to analyze competitiveness is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). This method was used to analyze changes in the level of competition for 1 years, namely 2007 – 2021. The results showed that in international market on 2007-2021, Indonesia’s frozen shrimp exports has a strong competitiveness. Indonesian frozen shrimp the competitiveness had a trend that tends to decline within 11 years. Based on the analysis results using RCA method, Indonesian frozen shrimp competitiveness on the 2007-2021 period was seen to decrease until 2012 and began to increase in 2013, while other competing countries, namely Argentina, Ecuador and India, showed an increase in competitiveness. Meanwhile, several other competing countries such as Bangladesh, Belgium, Denmark, Mexico, Thailand, and Vietnam experienced a decline in competitiveness as well as the value of RCA decreased.
A novel method for multichannel discharge image diagnosis in gas switches based on multi-axis tomography techniques
Authors: ZHANG Yanhong , SHENG Liang , LI Yang , ZHANG Mei , HEI Dongwei
Published: December 2022

The discharge channel is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying the properties of gas switches. However, single-view images cannot easily be used to inherently understand the discharge channel characteristics of trigger electrodes. A reconstruction method of the discharge channel in gas switches is proposed based on a multi-axis tomography technique, which uses very few projections of optical images to reconstruct the location of a multichannel discharge in annular electrodes. In this paper, an algorithm named TVM-OSEM (total variation minimization ordered subsets expectation maximization) is proposed, which can effectively remove artifact noise to improve the reconstruction accuracy of discharge channels. The method is validated against simulations of a radiator with high-density-difference boundary. The calculated discharge channel distribution from one experiment is presented.
Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis Attenuates Chronic Ethanol Induced Cardiotoxicity by Restoring Lysosomal Function and Reducing Necroptosis
Authors: Xue Qiupeng , Zhang Tianyi , Zhu Rongzhe , Qian Yile , Dong Xiaoru , Mo Lingjie , Jiang Yan
Published: December 2022

Aims

Chronic alcohol misuse could cause alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and the specific mechanisms remained largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of endogenous ceramides on chronic ethanol-induced myocardial injury or cell loss (e.g. necroptosis).

Methods

We established chronic alcohol intoxication models in vivo (male C57BL/6 mice) and in vitro (H9c2 cardiomyoblasts). The ceramide profiles were analyzed in mice myocardium and cultured cardiomyocytes. Further research on the role of ceramides and underlying signaling pathways was carried out in H9c2 cells.

Results and conclusions

The ceramide profiles analysis revealed increased long and very long–chain ceramides in alcoholic myocardium and ethanol-treated cardiomyocytes. Next, we proved that endogenous ceramide inhibition could reduce necroptosis and alleviate cardiomyocytes injury as suggested by decreased levels of p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL proteins and cardiac injury factors expression. Furthermore, we found that lysosomal dysfunction also contributed to alcohol-induced cardiac damage and inhibiting ceramide biosynthesis could repaired this to some extent. Cells studies with exogenous C6 ceramide confirmed the pleotropic roles of ceramide in myocardial damage by causing both necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction. Finally, our data suggested that lysosomal dysfunction could sensitize cardiomyocytes to induction of necroptosis due to the restriction on degradation of RIPK1/RIPK3 proteins. In conclusion, chronic ethanol treatment boosted myocardial ceramide synthesis in animal hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ceramides exerted crucial roles in the intrinsic signaling pathways of alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity. Targeting ceramide biosynthesis to simultaneously attenuate necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction might be a novel strategy for preventing alcoholic cardiotoxicity.
Effect of Clomethiazole Vs. Clorazepate on Hepatic Fat and Serum Transaminase Activities in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Hohmann Nicolas , Schröder Fabian , Moreira Bernardo , Teng Haidong , Burhenne Jürgen , Bruckner Thomas , Mueller Sebastian , Haefeli Walter E , Seitz Helmut K
Published: December 2022

Aims

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a global health problem caused, among other factors, by oxidative stress from the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One important source of ROS is microsomal ethanol metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Inhibition of CYP2E1 by clomethiazole (CMZ) decreases oxidative stress in cell cultures and improves ALD in animal studies. Our study aimed to assess the benefits of a CYP2E1 inhibitor (clomethiazole) in detoxification of patients with ALD.

Methods

Open label, randomized controlled clinical trial to study whether CYP2E1 inhibition improves ALD in the patients with alcohol use disorders admitted for alcohol detoxification therapy (ADT). Patients had to have a serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity exceeding twice the upper normal limit at time of admission and be non-cirrhotic defined by fibroscan value <12 kPa. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to ADT with either CMZ or clorazepate (CZP) for 7–10 days in a 1:1 ratio. The chlorzoxazone test of CYP2E1 activity was performed at enrolment and at 2 points during the study.

Results

ADT improved hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter) in both groups significantly. A trend towards a greater improvement in hepatic fat content during ADT (−21.5%) was observed in the CMZ group (252 ± 48 dB/m vs. 321 ± 38 dB/m; P < 0.0001) compared with the CZP group (−13.9%; 273 ± 38 dB/m vs. 317 ± 39 dB/m; P < 0.0001). As already reported, serum AST (P < 0.004) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (P < 0.0006) significantly decreased in CMZ patients as compared with patients on CZP by the end of hospitalization. A significant correlation was found between AST (P = 0.023), ALT (P = 0.009), GGT (P = 0.039) and CAP.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that CMZ improves clinical biomarkers for ALD in humans most likely due to its inhibitory effect on CYP2E1. Because of its addictive potential, CMZ can only be given for a short period of time and therefore other CYP2E1 inhibitors to treat ALD are needed.