bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological features and medical care-seeking process of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Hua Jing , Chen Rongzhang , Zhao Liming , Wu Xiaodong , Guo Qian , He Chunfeng , Li Tian , Ren Xiaoyu , Liu Zhongmin , Li Qiang , Wang Feilong
Published: April 2020

Background

We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus.

Methods

We collected epidemiological and clinical information of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a makeshift Fangcang hospital between 7 and 26 February, 2020. The waiting time of each step during the medical care-seeking process was also analysed.

Results

Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. It took as long as a median of 6 days from the first medical visit to receive the COVID-19 nucleic acid test and 10 days from the first medical visit to hospital admission, indicating early recognition of COVID-19 was not achieved at the early stage of the outbreak, although these delays were shortened later. After clinical recovery from COVID-19, which took a mean of 21 days from illness onset, there was still a substantial proportion of patients who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions

The diagnostic evaluation process of suspected patients needs to be accelerated at the epicentre of the outbreak and early isolation of infected patients in a healthcare setting rather than at home is urgently required to stop the spread of the virus. Clinical recovery is not an appropriate criterion to release isolated patients and as long as 4 weeks' isolation for patients with COVID-19 is not enough to prevent the spread of the virus.
Assessing work capacity – reviewing the what and how of physicians’ clinical practice
Authors: Nordling P. , Priebe G. , Björkelund C. , Hensing G.
Published: April 2020

Background

Although a main task in the sickness certification process, physicians’ clinical practice when assessing work capacity has not been thoroughly described. Increased knowledge on the matter is needed to better understand and support the certification process. In this review, we aimed to synthesise existing qualitative evidence to provide a clearer description of the assessment of work capacity as practiced by physicians.

Method

Seven electronic databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies examining what and how physicians do when they assess work capacity. Data was analysed and integrated using thematic synthesis.

Results

Twelve articles were included. Results show that physicians seek to form a knowledge base including understanding the condition, the patient and the patient’s workplace. They consider both medical and non-medical aspects to affect work capacity. To acquire and process the information they use various skills, methods and resources. Medical competence is an important basis, but not enough. Time, trust, intuition and reasoning are also used to assess the patient’s claims and to translate the findings into a final assessment. The depth and focus of the information seeking and processing vary depending on several factors.

Conclusion

The assessment of work capacity is a complex task where physicians rely on their non-medical skills to a higher degree than in ordinary clinical work. These skills are highly relevant but need to be complemented with access to appropriate resources such as understanding of the associations between health, work and social security, enough time in daily work for the assessment and ways to better understand the patient’s work place. Also, the notion of an “objective” evaluation is questioned, calling for a greater appreciation of the complexity of the assessment and the role of professional judgement.
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in an IgG2-deficient patient with multiple sclerosis on fingolimod therapy for more than five years – case report
Authors: Wienemann Tobias , Müller Ann-Kristin , MacKenzie Colin , Bielor Carina , Weyers Vivien , Aktas Orhan , Hartung Hans-Peter , Kremer David
Published: April 2020

Background

Fingolimod (Gilenya®), a first-in-class sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Fingolimod-induced selective immunosuppression leads to an increased risk of opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis. So far, a total of 8 cases of fingolimod-related cryptococcal meningoencephalitis have been published.

Case presentation

A 49-year-old female with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented with cephalgia, fever, confusion and generalized weakness. She had been on fingolimod therapy for the past 5.5 years. Clinical examination suggested meningoencephalitis and laboratory findings showed an IgG2 deficiency. Initially no pathogen could be detected, but after 4 days Cryptococcus neoformans was found in the patient’s blood cultures leading to the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. After antimycotic therapy, her symptoms improved and the patient was discharged.

Conclusion

MS patients on immunomodulatory  therapy are at constant risk for opportunistic infections. Cephalgia, fever and generalized weakness in combination with fingolimod-induced lymphopenia should be considered a red flag for cryptococcosis.
Sex-specific Effects of α2δ-1 in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of Female Mice Controlling Glucose and Lipid Balance
Authors: Felsted Jennifer A , Meng Alice , Ameroso Dominique , Rios Maribel
Published: April 2020

The thrombospondin receptor alpha2delta-1 (α2δ-1) plays essential roles promoting the activity of SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and mediating glucose and lipid metabolism in male mice. Its role in the VMH of female mice remains to be defined, especially considering that this hypothalamic region is sexually dimorphic. We found that α2δ-1 depletion in SF1 neurons differentially affects glucose and lipid balance control and sympathetic tone in females compared to males. Mutant females show a modest increase in relative body weight gain when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and normal energy expenditure, indicating that α2δ-1 is not a critical regulator of energy balance in females, similar to males. However, diminished α2δ-1 function in the VMH leads to enhanced glycemic control in females fed a chow diet, in contrast to the glucose intolerance reported previously in mutant males. Interestingly, the effects of α2δ-1 on glucose balance in females are influenced by diet. Accordingly, females but not males lacking α2δ-1 exhibit diminished glycemic control as well as susceptibility to hepatic steatosis when fed a HFD. Increased hepatic sympathetic tone and CD36 mRNA expression and reduced adiponectin levels underlie these diet-induced metabolic alterations in mutant females. The results indicate that α2δ-1 in VMH SF1 neurons critically regulates metabolic function through sexually dimorphic mechanisms. These findings are clinically relevant since metabolic alterations have been reported as a side effect in human patients prescribed gabapentinoid drugs, known to inhibit α2δ-1 function, for the treatment of seizure disorders, neuropathic pain, and anxiety disorders.
Mis12 controls cyclin B1 stabilization via Cdc14B-mediated APC/CCdh1 regulation during meiotic G2/M transition in mouse oocytes
Authors: Bai Guang-Yu , Choe Min Ho , Kim Jae-Sung , Oh Jeong Su
Published: April 2020

Mammalian oocytes are arrested at G2/prophase of the first meiosis. After a hormone surge, oocytes resume meiosis, undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This process is regulated by Cdk1/cyclin B1. Here, we report that Mis12 is required for G2/M transition by regulating cyclin B1 accumulation via Cdc14B-mediated APC/CCdh1 regulation, but is not essential for spindle and chromosome dynamics during meiotic maturation. Depletion of Mis12 severely compromised GVBD by impairing cyclin B1 accumulation. Importantly, impaired GVBD after Mis12 depletion was rescued not only by overexpressing cyclin B1 but also by depleting Cdc14B or Cdh1. Notably, oocytes rescued by cyclin B1 overexpression exhibited normal spindle and chromosome organization with intact kinetochore-microtubule attachments. In addition, after being rescued by cyclin B1 overexpression, Mis12-depleted oocytes normally extruded polar bodies. Moreover, Mis12-depleted oocytes formed pronuclear structures after fertilization but failed to develop beyond zygotes. Interestingly, Mis12 was localized in the cytoplasm and spindle poles in oocytes, in contrast to kinetochore localization in somatic cells. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Mis12 is required for meiotic G2/M transition but is dispensable for meiotic progression through meiosis I and II.
Eyelid squinting during food-pecking in pigeons
Authors: Ostheim Joachim , Delius Julia A. M. , Delius Juan D.
Published: April 2020

The visual control of pecking by pigeons (Columba livia) has latterly been thought to be restricted to the fixation stops interrupting their downward head movements because these stops prevent interference by motion blur. Pigeons were also assumed to close their eyes during the final head thrust of the peck. Here we re-examine their pecking motions using high-speed video recordings and supplementary provisions that permitted a three-dimensional spatial analysis of the movement, including measurements of their pupil diameters and eyelid slit width. The results confirm that pigeons do not close their eyes completely during the presumed optically ballistic phase of pecking. Instead their eyelids are narrowed to a slit. The width of this slit is sensitive to both the ambient illumination levels and the visual backgrounds against which seed targets have to be detected and grasped. There is also evidence of some interaction between pupil diameter and eyelid slit width. We surmise that besides being an eye-protecting reflex, the partial covering of the pupil with the eyelids may increase the depth of focus, enabling pigeons to obtain sharp retinal images of peck target items at very close range and during the beak-gape ‘handling’ of food items and occasional grit particles.
The Economics of Crowdfunding
Authors: Chang Jen-Wen
Published: April 2020

An entrepreneur finances her project via crowdfunding. She chooses a funding mechanism ( fixed or flexible), a price, and a funding goal. Under fixed funding, money is refunded if the goal is not met; under flexible funding, there is no refund. Backers observe signals about project value and decide whether to contribute or postpone purchase to the retail stage. Using the linkage principle, we show that the optimal campaign uses fixed funding. Furthermore, we show that an entrepreneur who is not financially constrained can approximately extract full surplus using fixed funding. Therefore, crowdfunding is attractive to both small and large entrepreneurs. (JEL D26, D82, G32, L26)
Digitizing Disclosure: The Case of Restaurant Hygiene Scores
Authors: Dai Weijia , Luca Michael
Published: April 2020

Collaborating with Yelp and the City of San Francisco, we revisit a canonical example of quality disclosure by evaluating and helping to redesign the posting of restaurant hygiene scores on Yelp.com . We implement a two-stage intervention that separately identifies consumer response to information disclosure and a disclosure design with improved salience—a consumer alert. We find score posting is effective, but improving salience further increases consumer response. (JEL D12, D18, D83, L83, L88)
Job Insecurity
Authors: Kuvalekar Aditya , Lipnowski Elliot
Published: April 2020

We examine the relationship between job security and productivity in a fixed wage worker­firm relationship facing match quality uncertainty. The worker’s action affects both learning and current productivity. The firm, seeing worker behavior and outcomes, makes a firing decision. As bad news accrues, the firm cannot commit to retain the worker. This creates perverse incentives: the worker strat egically slows learning, harming productivity. We fully characterize the unique equilibrium in our continuous time game. Consistent with some evidence in organizational psychology, the relationship between job insecurity and productivity is U shaped: a worker is least productive when his job is moderately secure. (JEL J23, J24, J63, M51)
Musculoskeletal pain management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Seremeti Kyriaki , Vasilopoulos George , Toylia Georgia , Kadda Olga , Kourousi Evangelia , Karimali Dimitra , Kalogianni Antonia
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The intensity of acute musculoskeletal pain is underestimated by health providers. Analgesia in adults that receive treatment for acute musculoskeletal pain varies from 11-29%. The timely and effective treatment of pain should become priority for the adequate pain management.Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore musculoskeletal pain management in the emergency department (ED).Material and Method: This is a descriptive study. The studied sample consisted of 82 patients, who admitted in the ED of Athen’s general hospital, due to acute musculoskeletal pain. For data collection, a special designed registration form was used. Related measurements were completed at two time points; the first time point was during patients’ admission to ED and the second one, 30 minutes post treatment or post ED discharge.Results: Patients average pain score was 7.25 ± 1.85 (first time point) and 3.76 ± 2.66 (second time point). Analgesia was provided to 51.2% of the sample and non-invasive methods were used in 51.2%. As for the frequency of the administrated drugs, analgesics were mostly preferred (29.3%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at 25.6% and opioids were used only at 9.8%. The mean time to first anministrated analgesic therapy was 16.56 ± 32.89 min.Conclusions: In spite of the extensive research and international guidelines for pain management, the fulfillment of the patients’ expectations for adequate and timely relief remains a challenge. The key for successful pain management lies to further education of medical stuff.
Malaria vaccines: facing unknowns
Authors: Palacpac Nirianne Marie Q. , Horii Toshihiro
Published: April 2020

Much of the gain in malaria control, in terms of regional achievements in restricting geographical spread and reducing malaria cases and deaths, can be attributed to large-scale deployment of antimalarial drugs, insecticide-treated bed nets, and early diagnostics. However, despite impressive progress, control efforts have stalled because of logistics, unsustainable delivery, or short-term effectiveness of existing interventions or a combination of these reasons. A highly efficacious malaria vaccine as an additional tool would go a long way, but success in the development of this important intervention remains elusive. Moreover, most of the vaccine candidate antigens that were investigated in early-stage clinical trials, selected partly because of their immunogenicity and abundance during natural malaria infection, were polymorphic or structurally complex or both. Likewise, we have a limited understanding of immune mechanisms that confer protection. We reflect on some considerable technological and scientific progress that has been achieved and the lessons learned.
Family planning science and practice lessons from the 2018 International Conference on Family Planning
Authors: Rusatira Jean Christophe , Silberg Claire , Mickler Alexandria , Salmeron Carolina , Twahirwa Rwema Jean Olivier , Johnstone Maia , Martinez Michelle , Rimon Jose G. , Zimmerman Linnea
Published: April 2020

Since 2009, the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) has served as an opportunity for the global reproductive health community to share FP advances and practice lessons in the areas of research, programming, and advocacy.

The key takeaways from all 15 tracks were grouped into six thematic areas: 1) Investing in family planning for a lifetime of returns. FP may yield different health and monetary benefits but continues to face a shortage of funding, although locally owned models provide alternative financing solutions. 2) Addressing inequities in family planning for adolescents, youth, and key populations. Marginalized populations and youth still face challenges in accessing FP. Youth-inclusive and user-centered programming show promise in addressing such challenges. 3) Reproductive justice: Abortion care, family planning, and women’s wellbeing. Unsafe abortions tend to be more common among younger, poor, uneducated and rural women. Promising evidence show that providers may effectively shift from unsafe practices of dilation and curettage to safer manual vacuum aspiration or misoprostol. 4) Couple dynamics and family planning decision-making. Couples who share everyday life decision-making are more likely to use contraceptives; couple discordance on childbearing and fertility decisions directly influence women’s decisions to covertly use FP. 5) Male involvement in FP programming. Male champions and advocates can successfully promote couple uptake of FP. Gender-transformative programming promotes gender equity and can directly impact behavior change. 6) Breakthroughs in novel contraceptives and systems improvement in family planning. User-centered contraceptive technologies and information systems present an opportunity to facilitate self-care and optimal supply chain management.

ICFP 2018 highlighted research advances, implementation science wins, and critical knowledge gaps in global FP access and use. More research is needed to determine the scalability of novel technologies, more effective programming and service delivery models to ensure multisectoral knowledge translation and utilization by policymakers.
Optimal Nonlinear Pricing in Social Networks Under Asymmetric Network Information
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Ying-Ju
Published: April 2020

How should a firm make pricing decisions in social networks when the customers hold in private their local network information? In “Optimal Nonlinear Pricing in Social Networks Under Asymmetric Network Information,” Zhang and Chen develop a solution approach based on calculus of variations and positive neighbor affiliation to tackle this problem. They show that the optimal pricing compromises the capitalization of the susceptibility to neighbor consumption with the motivation of one’s own consumption, which gives rise to a menu of quantity premium or quantity discount. In the Erdös and Rényi graph (a special case of the social network model in this paper), they find that the pricing scheme does not screen network positions; consequently, the firm can offer a simple uniform price. The authors also find that, in the context of two-way connections, the firm-optimal consumption becomes linear in customer degree in the scale-free network.
Os impasses e os avanços do neopentecostalismo na juventude de São Gonçalo
Authors: Maia Alline Assis Xavier
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem por propósito analisar como o trânsito religioso tem ocorrido entre os jovens evangélicos de São Gonçalo. Nos últimos anos assistimos o aumento do neopentecostalismo dentro da sociedade brasileira, nos mais variados setores, com ênfase para o campo político. Considerando a visibilidade que os evangélicos ganharam, que a compreensão dos mesmos se faz necessária, uma vez que pode nos ajudar a entender quais os anseios e preocupações da juventude na atualidade e em que medida as escolhas religiosas influenciam outros setores da vida dos mesmos. Para tanto, utilizo como aporte teórico as definições de Hervieu-Léger sobre religiosidades herdadas, self e modernidade, assim como as definições de Mariano e Oro sobre neopentecostalismo. Ressalto que a etnografia foi escolhida como metodologia, sendo aplicado o trabalho de observação de campo e entrevistas com jovens moradores de uma favela de São Gonçalo, durante um evento conhecido como “louvorzão”, objetivando traçar um panorama dos impasses e dos avanços do neopentecostalismo para o grupo em questão.Palavras-chave: juventude, neopentecostalismo, trânsito religioso
ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA, HISTORIOGRAFIA E CURRÍCULO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Mendes Breno
Published: April 2020

No presente artigo proponho uma análise sobre o tema currículo no âmbito do ensino de história. O caminho escolhido para a investigação passa pela articulação entre os campos do ensino de história, teoria e história da historiografia e teorias do currículo. A interpretação é desenvolvida a partir da hipótese segundo a qual a versão homologada da Base Nacional Comum Curricular pode ser entendida como uma atualização das teorias tradicionais do currículo e um distanciamento das teorias pós-críticas do currículo.
The ARNI approach to functional stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Balchin Tom
Published: April 2020

Dr Tom Balchin has spent the last 19 years helping patients with problems caused by stroke. This article reports on the creative system he developed to support the hospitals, helping people regain the independence on which they might have otherwise given up on achieving.
Community structure of phytoplankton in the surface and thermocline layers of Sangihe and Talaud waters, Indonesia
Authors: LADY A. SRIWIJAYANTI  , DJUMANTO  , RIZA Y. SETIAWAN  , MOCHAMAD R. FIRDAUS  , NURUL FITRIYA  , HAGY Y. SUGEHA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sriwijayanti LA, Djumanto, Setiawan RY, Firdaus MR, Fitriya N, Sugeha HY. 2019. Community structure of phytoplankton in the surface and thermocline layers of Sangihe and Talaud waters, Indonesia. Bonorowo Wetlands 9: 51-58. The aim of this study was to determine the species dominance and distribution, and community structure of phytoplankton in the surface and thermocline layers of Sangihe and Talaud waters Indonesia. Phytoplankton samples were collected at the Sangihe-Talaud waters in October 2018 at 14 research stations. Water samples were collected at 5 m (surface) and thermoclines layers using rosette sampler equipped with Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) recorder. Samples were concentrated to 40 ml using hand plankton net (mesh size 20 µm), then preserved with 4% formaldehyde. Phytoplankton species were identified using a guidebook based on morphological character traits. The cell count of each species of plankton was calculated using a Sedgwick rafter counting cell chamber. The result showed that there were 4 classes of phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Raphydophyceae) which consisted of 59 species in the surface and 56 species in the thermocline, respectively. The abundance of phytoplankton at surface ranged from 77,333-4,024,000 cell m-3, meanwhile in the thermocline layer 8,000-542,222 cell m-3. The average of phytoplankton diversity of the surface was 0.82 and the thermocline was 1.71. The surface layer was dominated by Leptocylindrus danicus (8.92 x 106 cell m-3), Trichodesmium erythareum (5.83 x 106 cell m-3), and Detonula converfacea (0.62 x 106 cell m-3). The thermocline layer was dominated by Chaetoceros affinis (2.74 x 105 cell m-3), Thalassionema nitzchioides (2.21 x 105 cell m-3), and Chaertoceros dichaeta (1.38 x 105 cell m-3). The low phytoplankton abundance was found at the stations 12 and 13 caused by higher salinity concentration. The highest phytoplankton abundance was found in the stations with warmer temperatures, both in the surface and in the thermocline. The shallow depth thermocline layer (75-100 m) has a higher abundance than the deeper thermocline layer (110-150 m). Temperature was the environmental parameter that has the greatest influence on the abundance and species of phytoplankton, the phytoplankton in the surface layer reached 10 times more abundant than the thermocline layer.
Inventory of mangroves in Katunggan Coastal Eco-Park, Sultan Kudarat Province, the Philippines
Authors: CHERIE CANO MANGAOANG  , ANDRIE BON FLORES
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mangaoang CC, Flores AB. 2019. Inventory of mangroves in Katunggan Coastal Eco-Park, Sultan Kudarat Province, the Philippines. Bonorowo Wetlands 9: 59-64. The coastal wetlands of the Philippines are dominated by mangrove ecosystem and are experiencing different forms of threats particularly anthropogenic activities. The local government unit of Lebak in the Province of Sultan Kudarat and non-government organizations envision of rehabilitating and conserving mangrove forests, but no research has been done. Thus, this study was conducted to document different species of mangrove which will serve as a baseline in developing conservation and rehabilitation strategies. Purposive sampling was done and morphological characteristics of each species were examined for identification. A total of 29 mangrove species belonging to 14 families were identified. Three of which are threatened species including Ceriops zippeliana, Avicennia rumphiana and Camptostemon philippinensis. It was also noted that the local community is aware of the importance of mangroves but not all have concern on the conservation and protection policies being implemented by the government. Despite the decreasing status of Philippine mangroves, local exploitation and anthropogenic pressures, such as aquaculture, are still uncontrolled. Therefore, the presence of threatened species implies that the area needs to be prioritized in terms of conservation and rehabilitation activities with joint effort of both the government and local communities to save and protect this mangrove ecosystem.
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Optical analysis of a solar thermochemical system with a rotating tower reflector and a receiver–reactor array
Authors: Li Lifeng , Yang Song , Wang Bo , Pye John , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: April 2020

We propose a concept of a rotating tower reflector (TR) in a beam-down optical system to alternate concentrated solar irradiation of an array of solar receiver–reactors, realizing multi-step solar thermochemical redox cycles. Optical and radiative characteristics of the proposed system are explored analytically and numerically by Monte-Carlo ray-tracing simulations. We study the effects of the system geometrical and optical parameters on the optical and radiative performance. TR axis is required to be tilted for accommodating the receiver–reactor array, resulting in reduced optical efficiency. We demonstrate that the annual optical efficiency of a baseline system with the receiver–reactor located south of the tower decreases from 46% to 37% for the axis tilt angle of TR increasing from 2° to 20°. The optical analysis conducted in this study provides a general formulation to enable predictions of required gain of thermal-to-chemical efficiency of the receiver–reactor array for obtaining improved overall solar-to-chemical efficiency of the solar thermochemical plant.
High-power mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a fluoroindate fiber with over 2 W power beyond 3.8 µm
Authors: Yang Linyong , Zhang Bin , He Xuan , Deng Kaixin , Liu Shuailin , Hou Jing
Published: April 2020

An all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum (MIR-SC) laser source with a power of over 2 W beyond 3.8 µm is demonstrated. The SC laser involves a silica-fiber-based SC laser as a pump source and a piece of fluoroindate (InF3) fiber as a nonlinear medium. The influence of pump pulse repetition rate on the SC characteristics is carefully studied. In the InF3 fiber, the pump pulse with spectral coverage of 1.9-2.6 µm is converted into MIR-SC with a broadest spectral coverage of 1.9-4.9 µm and a maximal average power of 11.8 W. Up to 2.18 W is measured in the spectral region beyond 3.8 µm, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, demonstrates the record SC power in this waveband to date.
Photonic simulation of giant atom decay
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: April 2020

Spontaneous emission of an excited atom in a featureless continuum of electromagnetic modes is a fundamental process in quantum electrodynamics associated with an exponential decay of the quantum emitter to its ground state accompanied by an irreversible emission of a photon. However, such a simple scenario is deeply modified when considering a “giant” atom, i.e., an atom whose dimension is larger than the wavelength of the emitted photon. In such an unconventional regime, non-Markovian effects and strong deviations from an exponential decay are observed owing to interference effects arising from nonlocal light–atom coupling. Here we suggest a photonic simulation of non-Markovian giant atom decay, based on light escape dynamics in an optical waveguide nonlocally coupled to a waveguide lattice. Major effects, such as nonexponential decay, enhancement, or slowing down of the decay, and formation of atom-field dark states can be emulated in this system.
Metamaterial formalism approach for advancing the recognition of glioma areas in brain tissue biopsies
Authors: Gric Tatjana , Sokolovski Sergei G. , Navolokin Nikita , Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Rafailov Edik U.
Published: April 2020

Early detection of a tumor makes it more probable that the patient will, finally, beat cancer and recover. The main goal of broadly defined cancer diagnostics is to determine whether a patient has a tumor, where it is located, and its histological type and severity. The major characteristic of the cancer affected tissue is the presence of the glioma cells in the sample. The current approach in diagnosis focuses mainly on microbiological, immunological, and pathological aspects rather than on the “metamaterial geometry” of the diseases. The determination of the effective properties of the biological tissue samples and treating them as disordered metamaterial media has become possible with the development of effective medium approximation techniques. Their advantage lies in their capability to treat the biological tissue samples as metamaterial structures, possessing the well-studied properties. Here, we present, for the first time to our knowledge, the studies on metamaterial properties of biological tissues to identify healthy and cancerous areas in the brain tissue. The results show that the metamaterial properties strongly differ depending on the tissue type, if it is healthy or unhealthy. The obtained effective permittivity values were dependent on various factors, like the amount of different cell types in the sample and their distribution. Based on these findings, the identification of the cancer affected areas based on their effective medium properties was performed. These results prove the metamaterial model capability in recognition of the cancer affected areas. The presented approach can have a significant impact on the development of methodological approaches toward precise identification of pathological tissues and would allow for more effective detection of cancer-related changes.
Reference-enhanced x-ray single-particle imaging
Authors: Ayyer Kartik
Published: April 2020

X-ray single-particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to obtain the 3D structure of the particle. While the method has promised to deliver room-temperature structures at near-atomic resolution, there have been significant experimental hurdles in collecting data of sufficient quality and quantity to achieve this goal. This paper describes two ways to modify the conventional methodology that significantly ease the experimental challenges, at the cost of additional computational complexity in the reconstruction procedure. Both these methods involve the use of holographic reference objects in close proximity to the sample of interest, whose structure can be described with only a few parameters. A reconstruction algorithm for recovering the unknown degrees of freedom is also proposed and tested with toy model simulations. The techniques proposed here enable 3D imaging of biomolecules that is not possible with conventional methods and open up a new family of methods for recovering structures from datasets with a variety of hidden parameters.
Rethinking Security in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: De Azevedo Ana Cordeiro
Published: April 2020

A Europa e o mundo viram-se forçados a enfrentar um novo paradigma de Segurança nas últimas décadas, em grande parte por força das alterações sociais, políticas e económicas decorrentes da globalização, mas sobretudo, pela velocidade com que estas mudanças se registam, que dificultam a evolução das políticas ou da legislação, mas sobretudo, o ajuste das mentalidades.

Propomos uma reflexão sobre alguns dos temas susceptíveis de produzir riscos para a Segurança no século XXI, nomeadamente a conjugação de fatores como alterações demográficas / climáticas / migrações, ou o impacto das (tele)comunicações nos processos de decisão democrática e na saúde e bem-estar da população.
On being a female supervisor in forest research education
Authors: Saarela Svetlana
Published: April 2020

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Acessibilidade textual e terminológica
Authors: Tcacenco Lucas , Rodrigues da Silva Bruna , Finatto Maria José Bocorny
Published: April 2020

Em meio ao conjunto de pesquisas do nosso grupo de pesquisa sobre Acessibilidade Textual e Terminológica (ATT), do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), este artigo relata duas investigações em andamento, as quais são inter-relacionadas. Ambas pesquisas tratam do perfil lexical dos materiais textuais que examinam. A primeira, em nível de doutorado, descreve e analisa textos de museus de ciências e tecnologia dirigidos para público infanto-juvenil. A segunda é uma pesquisa de mestrado que lida com textos escritos por crianças e jovens do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas, contrastando o léxico da produção escrita com o dos livros didáticos que utilizam. Além de apresentar e discutir as duas pesquisas, trazendo seus resultados iniciais, busca-se ponderar como as duas propostas conectam-se com o tema da ATT.
The Application of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Family Psychoeducation (FPE) to Clients with Scizophrenia and Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Buanasari Andi , Keliat Budi Anna , Susanti Herni
Published: April 2020

Background: Aggressive behavior frequently occurs in clients with schizophrenia and causes injuries to the clients themselves, others, and the environment. It becomes one of the most common factors causing rehospitalization in schizophrenic clients. Aggressive behavior can be managed by the intervention administered by nurses in the usual way (treatment as usual; TAU) as well as psychotherapy (acceptance and commitment therapy; ACT and family psychoeducation; FPE).Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and family psychoeducation (FPE) on schizophrenic clients with aggressive behavior.Methods: This study used a case series method to report four selected cases of schizophrenic clients with aggressive behavior. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), family psychoeducation (FPE), and treatment as usual (TAU) were delivered to four clients with aggressive behavior for six weeks using the Stuart Stress-Adaptation Model.Results: The finding showed decreased symptoms of aggressive behavior in cognitive, affective, physiological, behavioral, and social aspects and increased ability to control anger, to accept their problems, and to commit to the therapy after ACT, FPE, and TAU interventions.Conclusion: This report showed that TAU, ACT, and FPE effectively decreased the symptoms of aggressive behavior and increased the clients’ ability to control anger.
The Lived Experiences of the Lombok Earthquake Survivors
Authors: Tauba Ahmad Mumtaz , Suryani Suryani , Rafiyah Imas
Published: April 2020

Background: The large-scale earthquake which had struck off Lombok, an island in West Nusa Tenggara, made the survivors faced poor conditions, difficulties, and lack of supplies. Besides physical losses, the survivors also experienced various psychological health disorders that significantly affected their psychological condition as well as life.Purpose: This study was aimed at exploring and gaining deeper meaning from the lived experiences of the Lombok earthquake survivors.Methods: This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach to elucidate the phenomena from experiences. The participants were ten (10) survivors of the Lombok earthquake, who were determined by purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method.Results: The results showed six emerging themes, including (1) problems solving skills when disaster strikes, (2) surviving from the limitations and difficulties, (3) feeling accustomed to earthquake, (4) family is a key source of strength to continue life, (5) getting closer to God by doing religious prayers and actions to have peace of mind, and (6) learning from the disasters to become a better human being.Conclusion: The lived experience of the Lombok earthquake survivors was a long journey where they survived and adapted the difficult situations, as later, they could turn the under-pressure conditions to chances for their personal development. The findings of this study provide insights for nurses to greatly contribute to solving post-disaster psychological issues by strengthening the survivors’ religious aspects, trauma healing, play therapy, and peer-support group.
English Language Proficiency and Its Relationship with Academic Performance and the Nurse Licensure Examination
Authors: Oducado Ryan Michael Flores , Sotelo Marianne , Ramirez Liza Marie , Habaña Maylin , Belo-Delariarte Rosana Grace
Published: April 2020

Background: Studies have shown that various factors influence students’ success in nursing school and the Nurse Licensure Examination (NLE). Such factors should be studied as foundations of the nursing programs. Problems with proficiency in the language used by the instructor to teach curricular courses may be considered a barrier to effective learning and academic success.Purpose: This study ascertained the influence of English language proficiency on the academic performance of students in professional nursing courses and the NLE.Methods: This study employed a retrospective descriptive correlational study design. Secondary analysis of existing research data sets of 141 nursing students in one nursing school in the Philippines was performed. Pearson’s r was used to determine the correlation between variables.Results: Findings showed that there were significant correlations between academic performance and the Verbal Ability subscale of the Nursing Aptitude Test (p=0.003) and the three English courses included in the nursing curriculum (p=0.000). There were also significant correlations between the NLE ratings and Verbal Ability (p=0.000) and the three English courses (p=0.000).Conclusion: English language proficiency is an important factor in determining the academic and licensure success of nursing students. Nursing schools must ensure that approaches in improving students' English language proficiency must be well integrated into the undergraduate nursing program.
Not just digital natives: Integrating technologies in professional education contexts
Authors: Smith Erika E , Kahlke Renate , Judd Terry
Published: April 2020

In 2001, Prensky characterised a new generation of learners entering higher education as digital natives – naturally digitally literate and inherently proficient users of technology. While many educational technology researchers have long argued for the need to move beyond the digital native assumptions proposed by Prensky and other futurists, a critical review of the literature reveals that this concept remains influential in academia broadly and within professional education specifically. In light of this, we propose an alternative approach to technology integration in professional education settings that aims to avoid unhelpful digital native stereotypes by instead developing digital literacies in ways that leverage technological affordances. By building digital literacies across the procedural and technical, cognitive, and sociocultural domains connected to professional competencies, learners can effectively adopt and utilise emerging technologies through professional digital practices.
Augusta Cesarca (nie)realistyczny portret przygłuchej Tonki
Authors: Pieniążek-Marković Krystyna
Published: April 2020

In the centre of the article’s interest, there are the expressionist ideas present in the work by Croatian writer from the inter-war period (1893–1941). The mini-novel/novella in question entitled Tonkina jedina ljubav (1931) is considered the work belonging to the epoch of the new/social realism which dominated in the 1930s, however, the author, as is shown on the basis of the article’s research, did not managed to free himself from influence of expressionism that shaped the most Croatian consciousness as for the avant-garde historical time (1910–1930). Focusing attention on a disabled woman along with her small-town environment of Zagreb before the World War I, the author draws her exaggerated, cartoonish portrait which has little to do with the realistic and mimetic reflection of reality. The work is a kind of aesthetic and ethical provocation, and serves as unmasking the idyllic image of Zagreb which turns out to be a city inhabited by intolerant and narrow-minded society convinced, however, of its civilisation superiority. The titular character is a victim of this society, and at the same time she remains its part. The aesthetic and ethical provocation concerns the disabled woman together with „inefficient” society living in the terrifying city.
O talijanskom futurizmu u Rijeci 1919. godine
Authors: Lukežić Irvin
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the short-lived emergence of Italian futurism in Rijeka, just after the end of World War I, in the context of the political adventure of Gabrielle DʼAnnunzio, who, with the help of his supporters, an ardite, tried to annex the city to the Kingdom of Italy. At that moment, the avant-garde spirit of Italian futurism could manifest itself here in all its main features: activism, antagonism, nizilism and agonism. In addition to the founder of Italian futurism, Filippo Tommas Marinetti, Mario Carli, Guido Keller and Giovanni Comisso stayed and worked in Rijeka during 1919. The article seeks to describe their actions on the basis of newspaper reports in the Rijeka daily La Vedetta dʼItalia.
Полското междувоенно двадесетилетие в огледалото на колективната рецепция
Authors: Дараданова Eлена
Published: April 2020

The subject of this review is the reception of Polish interwar literature in Bulgaria, and particularly the anthology Polish Poetry between the Two World Wars (2019), by Panayot Karagyozov and the special issue of Literaturen vestnik (2018), devoted to Polish culture from that period. The focus of the review is on the simultaneous reception of both translated poetry and literarycritical articles.
Književnost i revolucija kao nasljeđe avangarde. Tribina na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu
Authors: Protrka Štimec Marina
Published: April 2020

The text summarizes and reviews the round table organized on the 19th September 2019 at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb with the main goal to investigate the methodological and thematic approaches to the avant-garde related to the concept of revolution. The scientists from Zagreb and Belgrade, Tatjana Jukić, Predrag Brebanović, Danijela Lugarić and Branislav Oblučar, presented their contributions to debate around the above-mentioned themes. Literature as well as revolution were examined in the theoretical and historical context of the avant-garde. Public debate showed that these issues have been still sparking vivid interest in the academic, artistic and intellectual world. The round table was organized as part of the project Literary Revolutions established by the Croatian science foundation 2018-017020.
Transgresje. Przenikania. Synchroniczność. Uwagi o wyobraźni chorwackiej i serbskiej awangardy literackiej
Authors: Czapik-Lityńska Barbara
Published: April 2020

The article discusses selected problems of the image, imagination and the ideological-aesthetic consciousness of the avant-garde in Croatian and Serbian literatures. Inspired by the ideas of modern Europe and opened to experiment, transgressions and mental function of the artistic language, it created an autonomous world of imagination. Utopian theories of reality evaluated from expressionistic conceptions of penetration of the world if matter and spirit, Earth and universe to surrealistic conceptions of over-reality.
Avangarda poslije avangarde u hrvatskoj poeziji
Authors: Oblučar Branislav
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the problem of the avant-garde in Croatian poetry during the second half of 20th century. It supports the thesis about the continuity of the avant-garde before and after World War II, and perceives the artistic and literary experiments of the neo and post-avant-garde as a part of a long avant-garde tradition. The analysis brings forward the different perceptions of avant-garde in the works of Radovan Ivšić and Josip Sever, and post-avant-garde poets of 1970s and 80s.
Comparing the performance of forced aligners used in sociophonetic research
Authors: Gonzalez Simon , Grama James , Travis Catherine E.
Published: April 2020

Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in sociophonetics today: MAUS, FAVE, LaBB-CAT and MFA. Through comparisons with human coders, we find that both aligner and phonological context affect the quality of automated alignments of vowels extracted from English sociolinguistic interview data. MFA and LaBB-CAT produce the highest quality alignments, in some cases not significantly different from human alignment, followed by FAVE, and then MAUS. Aligners are less accurate placing boundaries following a vowel than preceding it, and they vary in accuracy across manner of articulation, particularly for following boundaries. These observations allow us to make specific recommendations for manual correction of forced alignment.
Neural Differentiation is Moderated by Age in Scene-Selective, But Not Face-Selective, Cortical Regions
Authors: Srokova Sabina , Hill Paul F. , Koen Joshua D. , King Danielle R. , Rugg Michael D.
Published: April 2020

The aging brain is characterized by neural dedifferentiation, an apparent decrease in the functional selectivity of category-selective cortical regions. Age-related reductions in neural differentiation have been proposed to play a causal role in cognitive aging. Recent findings suggest, however, that age-related dedifferentiation is not equally evident for all stimulus categories and, additionally, that the relationship between neural differentiation and cognitive performance is not moderated by age. In light of these findings, in the present experiment, younger and older human adults (males and females) underwent fMRI as they studied words paired with images of scenes or faces before a subsequent memory task. Neural selectivity was measured in two scene-selective (parahippocampal place area (PPA) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC)] and two face-selective [fusiform face area (FFA) and occipital face area (OFA)] regions using both a univariate differentiation index and multivoxel pattern similarity analysis. Both methods provided highly convergent results, which revealed evidence of age-related reductions in neural dedifferentiation in scene-selective but not face-selective cortical regions. Additionally, neural differentiation in the PPA demonstrated a positive, age-invariant relationship with subsequent source memory performance (recall of the image category paired with each recognized test word). These findings extend prior findings suggesting that age-related neural dedifferentiation is not a ubiquitous phenomenon, and that the specificity of neural responses to scenes is predictive of subsequent memory performance independently of age.