bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violências contemporâneas contra lideranças na Amazônia brasileira: enquadramentos morais, legais e associativos
Authors: Rolemberg Igor , Lacerda Paula
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa percepções, classificações e práticas de estado a partir de situações consideradas como violências segundo atores da mobilização social em Altamira e Marabá, no Pará. Partindo da constatação de que nossos interlocutores percebem a intensificação da violência nos últimos dez anos, amplificando o número de denúncias a esse respeito, procuramos entender as razões pelas quais eles diagnosticam o agravamento do quadro e como as práticas estatais contribuem para a produção dele. Compreendendo a diversidade de situações que são consideradas como violências, buscamos descrever etnograficamente os diversos sentidos da categoria violência, bem como apontar para a compreensão política que embasa essa percepção e forma de classificação. Assim, argumentamos que o cenário de violência apresenta tanto elementos de continuidade que remontam a práticas estatais de longa duração implementadas na região quanto elementos de transformações em curso, perceptíveis no aumento do número de homicídios contra lideranças e prisões arbitrárias, entre outras. Concluímos que para além do entrelaçamento entre processos históricos de longa duração e aumento da forma mais expressiva da violência contra lideranças (os homicídios), os eventos violentos passaram a ter menor inflexão nas práticas estatais no sentido de fazê-las atenderem às reivindicações das vítimas.
50 anos de experiência na Amazônia: Entrevista com Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida
Authors: Lacerda Renata Barbosa , Rolemberg Igor
Published: February 2022

Entrevista com Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida, antropólogo, membro da coordenação do Projeto Nova Cartografia Social da Amazônia (PNCSA) que trabalha no Amazonas. A entrevista foi realizada de modo remoto por Renata Lacerda e Igor Rolemberg em 10 de maio de 2021. O objetivo foi mapear continuidades e mudanças nas relações entre, de um lado, mobilizações sociais por reforma agrária e territorialidades específicas e, de outro, as agroestratégias e intervenções estatais na Amazônia. O pesquisador refletiu sobre os marcos teóricos e metodológicos que fundamentaram a análise desses processos, sobretudo no campo da antropologia.
Faith in science? How “micro families” viewed the Zika Virus science happen to their children in Recife/PE
Authors: Fleischer Soraya
Published: February 2022

The Zika virus (ZV) arrived in Brazil as a new epidemic between the years of 2015 and 2016. Its main consequence was reproductive, with the birth of more than 4,000 children with what was called the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS), a complex set of disabilities that requires a range of specialized care. So far, in the anthropological literature, much has been said about these disabilities, about the daily care and rights of these children and their families, but not so much has been documented about the relationship they had with science that tried to understand this new virus, this new syndrome. The article discusses why this specific population accepted the invitations coming from science and their critical reflections on this intense interaction with science. Based on a collective and ethnographic along four years of research in Recife/PE, the epicenter of the ZV epidemic, the article intends to contribute to an Anthropology of science less “internal to the laboratory”, since the research subjects involved in the production of knowledge about the ZV and CZVS also helped to assess and – most importantly – construct this science.
Do mato ao palco: a construção da nação em Moçambique através da música
Authors: Morais Sara
Published: February 2022

Este artigo discute a realização do I Festival Nacional da Canção e Música Tradicional (1980-1981) em Moçambique e o reputa como a iniciativa de maior destaque promovida pelo governo da Frelimo (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) no seu projeto de construção nacional durante os primeiros anos após a independência do país no campo musical. Após a descrição e análise da programação deste Festival, recupero o debate acalorado promovido pela grande imprensa da época sobre certos dilemas envolvidos na sua organização e na classificação “música tradicional”. Nos palcos construídos na capital, Maputo, pessoas oriundas das diversas províncias do país passaram a ser conhecidas como artistas, denominação adquirida ao serem instadas a abandonar suas vinculações “tribais”. Argumento que, a despeito das várias transformações políticas pelas quais o país passou nas últimas décadas, especialmente após o fim da guerra civil (1976/1977-1992), o Festival Nacional da Canção e Música Tradicional permaneceu como paradigma. A partir dos anos 2000, a realização de festivais culturais continua sendo uma estratégia central de construção da unidade nacional.
Outlining Agents and Policies of Value in the Touristic Economy of the Sacred Valley of Cusco
Authors: Oliveira Bruna Pratesi de
Published: February 2022

In this article, I draw from ethnographic and theoretical notes in turn of describing aspects of the tourist market in the Sacred Valley of Cusco, Peru. Guided by Victoria, I address the region’s productive chain composed of multiple actors, power arrangements, and vigorous production of difference embedded in historical circumstances. I highlight the actions of Victoria in the community of Accha Alta, the presence of World Vision, and The Centro de Textiles Tradicionales del Cusco as they aggregate value in the processes of coordinating exchanges in the tourism market. In view of this network of touristic production in the Valley´s circuit, I raise the questions: are women like Victoria being exploited and victimized by scalability and an oppressive market? Are exogenous projects and cultural transactions under the imperatives of the market the villains of Peruvian and much of Latin American histories? Although there is no easy answer to such massive entanglements, I argue that couched in the methodological lens of tourism it is possible to glimpse the extensive and multifaceted commercial chain in the Valley marked by developmental discourses and transnational authorizations.
Gli statuti italiani
Authors: Cammarosano Paolo
Published: February 2022

L’autore illustra l’evoluzione degli statuti italiani dal XII al XIV secolo, insistendo sui problemi della tradizione manoscritta e sulla perdita degli statuti più antichi e spiegando le motivazioni di tale perdita. Affronta il problema della collocazione degli statuti nel complesso delle scritture pubbliche cittadine e il problema delle relazioni con il diritto romano. Sottolinea il carattere principalmente procedurale e civilistico degli statuti cittadini italiani, traendo esempi da Genova, Torino, Milano, Lodi, Treviso, Venezia, Feltre, Ferrara, Cremona, Bologna, Piacenza, Pisa, Lucca, Firenze, Siena, Volterra, Perugia, Todi, Viterbo, Anagni, San Gimignano, Colle di Val d’Elsa, Pistoia, Patriarcato di Aquileia e Trieste.
Creare la norma nelle comunità italiane del basso medioevo
Authors: Provero Luigi
Published: February 2022

L’articolo ripercorre gli studi condotti negli ultimi trent’anni sulla normativa delle comunità italiane bassomedievali, integrando le indagini sui comuni cittadini autonomi, sulle città sotto il controllo principesco e sulle comunità rurali. Negli ultimi decenni l’attenzione degli studiosi si è via via concentrata soprattutto sulle procedure di formazione del testo, mostrando come la molteplicità dei poteri attivi sulle comunità si sia tradotta di una specifica tensione politica, in cui ogni potere (principe, signore, comune) cerca di affermare la propria condizione di autore della norma. Gli statuti e le procedure della loro redazione vanno quindi posti in una pluralità di contesti: il quadro dei poteri attivi in sede locale e la sovrapposizione di diversi sistemi normativi; la capacità delle comunità di fare un uso strategico di questa pluralità di poteri; la politica del documento scritto condotta dalle comunità.
Dentro e fuori dagli statuti
Authors: Tanzini Lorenzo
Published: February 2022

Il saggio intendere offrire un quadro delle possibilità di ricerca sulle fonti statutarie a partire dai risultati della più recente storiografia in materia. Partendo da uno studio di storia politica e istituzionale, tali possibilità si aprono ad una valorizzazione dei rapporti tra i documenti statutari e altri tipologie documentarie come i libri iurium, le deliberazioni consiliari, i testi di interpretazione da parte dei giuristi. In questo senso gli statuti sono un osservatorio privilegiato per intendere i caratteri della cultura giuridica e dell’uso della scrittura nell’Italia medievale.
Au cœur des statuts dans les sociétés méditerranéennes de l’Occident (XIIe-XVe siècle)
Authors: Garnier Florent
Published: February 2022

Le contenu des statuts urbains des espaces français et italiens a souvent retenu l’attention. Leur organisation interne et leur mise en forme éclairent des enjeux et des stratégies d’affirmation d’une identité politique urbaine. Le corpus statutaire révèle par la composition adoptée l’expression affirmée d’une entité urbaine. L’exercice de la potestas statuendi, au cœur des statuts et de l’affirmation de l’autonomie des pouvoirs municipaux, est ainsi mise à jour par ces corpus traduisant des variations normatives.
L'utilizzazione dello statuto
Authors: Grillo Paolo
Published: February 2022

Negli ultimi anni è apparso sempre più evidente che gli statuti comunali non vanno studiati isolatamente, ma come parte di un più ampio e complesso sistema di documenti prodotti dai governi cittadini e eventualmente dai poteri superiori. Il saggio vuole dunque offrire una panoramica su questo rapporto fra scritture normative e atti amministrativi, prendendo in considerazione le menzioni degli statuti nelle allegationes giuridiche, negli atti giudiziari e nei verbali dei consigli comunali. La frequenza delle citazioni rappresenta una prova significativa del valore concreto degli statuti e della loro effettiva utilizzazione nella pratica amministrativa delle città comunali italiane.
Les statuts au défi de la pratique dans la France du bas Moyen Âge
Authors: Rigaudière Albert
Published: February 2022

Afin de saisir toutes les situations dans lesquelles un statut entre en jeu, j’ai décidé de le suivre tout au long de son existence depuis son édiction jusqu’à sa disparition, qu’elle soit le fait d’une abrogation ou d’une désuétude. Ainsi, s’interroger sur le sort d’un statut une fois rédigé, c’est évoquer les multiples étapes qui jalonnent sa publication puis sa réception (qualifier, diffuser, intégrer). C’est ensuite tenter de décrypter les rudes obstacles qu’il rencontre pour passer de sa réception à la pratique (insertion, conflits, adaptations). C’est enfin démasquer des pratiques parfois déviantes, sources d’interminables contentieux (ordre public, élections, économie). Autant de situations qui permettent de mettre en lumière ce que devient un statut affronté au défi de l’ordre juridique plural qui l’assaille dans la France du bas Moyen Âge. Un droit souple assurément, sans ligne, sinueux, capricieux, incertain. Un droit qui s’éclipse et qui dort tout en s’adaptant en douceur aux mutations de l’ordre urbain. » Flexible droit ! » comme l’a si joliment écrit le doyen Jean Carbonnier.
Une inscription méconnue de Cos/Cosa dans la cité des Cadurques
Authors: Armani Sabine
Published: February 2022

L’étude se propose de revenir sur une inscription (AE 2016, 1052), gravée sur une plaque de marbre découverte en 2007 sur le site de Cos/Cosa à Lamothe-Capdeville (Tarn-et-Garonne), près de Montauban, mais restée jusqu’ici confidentielle à l’exception d’une présentation succincte dans des catalogues d’exposition locaux. Le document conserve quatre lignes incomplètes du texte originel que l’analyse épigraphique essaie de resituer au sein de ce qui apparaît être la dédicace d’un acte évergétique au bénéfice de la cité des Cadurques dont le lieu de découverte relevait. Le principal enseignement de cette étude est qu’il convient désormais d’abandonner toute lecture fondée sur une interprétation locale du texte pour revenir au formulaire classique d’une dédicace comportant le nom du donateur suivi de son possible cursus et de la nature de l’évergésie.
Institutions for realizing popular constitutionalism
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: February 2022

This essay discusses how several institutions might be designed to implement popular constitutionalism within a liberal constitutionalism frame. The institutions are (1) forms of direct popular legislation such as referendums, (2) imperative mandates or instructions to representatives that the representatives must follow, sanctioned by automatically removing a noncompliant representative from office, and (3) modern communications technologies used to elicit citizen views as an alternative to voting (or polling). As to referendums, it critiques arguments (1) that referendums can oversimplify complex policy options in ways that sometimes produce outcomes that are indefensible in principle, incoherent, and inconsistent with what the people would prefer after the kind of deliberation that occurs in representative assemblies, and (2) that referendums systematically, though not inevitably, threaten rights of minorities that liberal constitutionalism guarantees. As to imperative mandates, it argues that objections track those to referendums, and offers parallel responses. And as to modern communications technologies, it focuses on such concerns that they fail to take advantage of specialized knowledge, and argues that overestimate the degree to which specialists actually have specialized knowledge and underestimate the degree to which such knowledge is available within a population of ordinary people and observes that sometimes domains in which specialized knowledge really is required can be identified in advance and exempted from these mechanisms.
Contesting the idea of disagreement as the circumstance of politics
Authors: Daly Eoin
Published: February 2022

Many political and legal philosophers believe that disagreement forms part of the “circumstances of politics”, even to a point where we might say that disagreement is the definitive circumstance of politics. That is to say, disagreement is understood as a central problem of politics, with which the enterprise of constitutional design is centrally concerned. Disagreement is both insoluble and is constitutive and characteristic of politics as such. And, for the most part, liberal and republican theorists dispute only the subject or extent of disagreement, with Rawls emphasizing disagreement as to questions of the good amidst a presumed consensus on questions of right or of justice, but with Bellamy and Waldron arguing that disagreement extends to questions of right as well as good, and that constitutions should be designed accordingly. In turn, such framings of disagreement underlie questions of institutional design, most notably the problem of judicial review and its relation to democratic legitimacy. The purpose of this paper is to challenge this dominant understanding of disagreement as such as being a definitive circumstance of politics, and therefore, as a central problem of constitutional design. I make this argument with reference to two thinkers in particular, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Pierre Bourdieu. Drawing on Bourdieu, I will argue that ostensible disagreement – as expressed in competing assertions or claims as to the right or the good – need not necessarily be framed in propositional terms, but can rather be understood as socially performative and as exercises of symbolic and social power. Thus, disagreement as such is not antecedent to political and social order but is rather constituted and formatted by it. In turn, I will argue that Rousseau’s constitutional projects can be understood as reflecting a similar insight. In contrast to Rawlsian liberalism, the fundamental problem of political order, for Rousseau, is not a propositional one at all, concerning disagreement as to the right or the good. The starting point of political order is not the search for the good (or the right), but rather, the problem of, and the need for recognition, as the social context within which claims of right and good are asserted. A central challenge of politics, then, is how it is possible to constitute a shared symbolic universe in which political communication and political discourse can assume transparent and non-dominating forms. I will conclude by offering examples as to how constitutional design can account for this problem.
Incidence of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Wu Xin-Xin , Yao Jin-Jian , Qian Jin , Huang Qi-Feng , Deng Tang , Xu Shuang-Qin , Wang Hang-Fei , Li Qi , Peng Ji-Chao , Yi Yang , Li Nan , Huang Yue , Liu Xiao-Ran
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To systematically evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods:

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP Database from the inception of each database to August 31, 2021. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on the safety of different types of COVID-19 vaccines were retrieved and analyzed. A random or fixed-effects model was used with an odds ratio as the effect size. The quality of each reference was evaluated. The incidence of the adverse reactions of the placebo group and the vaccination group was compared. Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care of by meta-regression and sub-group analyses.

Results:

A total of 13 articles were included, with 81 287 subjects. Compared with the placebo group, the vaccination group showed a higher combined risk ratio (RR) of total adverse reactions (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.91, P<0.01), local adverse reactions (RR=2.86, 95% CI: 2.11-3.87, P<0.01), systemic adverse reactions (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.92-1.72, P=0.16), pain (RR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.75-3.70, P<0.01), swelling (RR=4.16, 95% CI: 1.71-10.17, P=0.002, fever (RR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.84-2.97, P<0.01), fatigue (RR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.32-1.41, P<0.01) and headache (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.18-1.26, P<0.01). The subgroup analysis showed the incidence of adverse reactions of the vaccination group after injection of the three COVID-19 vaccines (inactivated viral vaccines, mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines) was higher than that of the placebo group, and the difference between the placebo group and the vaccination group in the mRNA vaccine subgroup and the adenovirus vector vaccine subgroup was statistically significant (P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions after injection of COVID-19 vaccine in subgroups of different ages was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P<0.01).

Conclusions:

COVID-19 vaccines have a good safety, among which adenovirus vector vaccine has the highest incidence of adverse reactions. Both adolescents and adults vaccinated with novel coronavirus vaccine have a certain proportion of adverse reactions, but the symptoms are mild and can be relieved by themselves. Our meta-analysis can help boost global awareness of vaccine safety, promote mass vaccination, help build regional and global immune barriers and effectively curb the recurrency of COVID-19.
Influential factors of healthcare provider resilience in disasters
Authors: Sheikhrabori Akbar , Peyrovi Hamid , Khankeh Hamidreza , Kolivand Pirhossein
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To identify the influential factors of healthcare staff resilience in disasters.

Methods:

In this qualitative study, the influential factors of healthcare staff resilience in disasters were investigated through interviewing 20 experts. The interviews were conducted face-to-face, and MAXQDA software version 10 was used to organize the data and thematic analysis.

Results:

The participants included 5 medical emergency technicians, 5 physicians, 2 Red Crescent technicians, and 8 nurses. The main influential factors of healthcare providers’ resilience were limited relief infrastructure, supportive empowerment, organizational capitals, and contradictory consequences. Other important factors were resource limitation, confusion and uncertainty, empowerment training, comprehensive support, human and value capital, social capital, physical capital, suffering, disability, calm, and excellence.

Conclusion:

Improving healthcare providers’ resilience can be achieved by reducing uncertainty, providing the physical, economic, and human resources, strengthening motivation and comprehensive supports. It is suggested that disaster managers consider all identified dimensions to improve the resilience of healthcare providers to serve better in disasters. Moreover, researchers should study each dimension to provide profound knowledge regarding resilience in disasters.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards pharmacovigilance among ayurveda physicians and teachers of Gujarat State: A cross sectional study
Authors: Acharya Rabinarayan , Naik Raghavendra , Rang Sourav , Jani Chitrangad A. , Galib R.
Published: February 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards pharmacovigilance for Ayurveda among the teachers and practitioners working in Ayurveda colleges of Gujarat State.

Materials and Methods:

A survey questionnaire with 29 questions covering points like participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reaction reporting, and misleading advertisements related Ayurveda drugs was developed in Google form format. The study was carried out during December 2020 and January 2021. Question-wise analysis was made and their percentage value was calculated with the help of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in MS Office 2010. The result was presented using simple frequencies with percentages in appropriate tables.

Results:

Results from this study show that majority of the respondents were having a good knowledge regarding the concept of pharmacovigilance and ADRs in terms of their definitions and purposes. But, a complete knowledge regarding the structure of present national and international pharmacovigilance programme, reporting the ADR and its format were still lacking among majority of the participants. An encouraging attitude towards reporting of adverse drug reaction of ASU&H drugs and teaching of Pharmacovigilance for all the healthcare professionals by majority of the participants was observed. Further maximum participants opine a mandatory rule for reporting of ADR by Physicians, Pharmacist and Nursing staff. A major part of respondents (78.03%) opine that poor quality of drug, medication errors, prescription errors, dispensing errors are part of Pharmacovigilance under drug-related problems. The observed positive attitude is not being reflected in term of practice i.e., reporting of ADR related to Ayurveda drugs. One-third of the participants reported their experience about adverse drug reactions during their professional practice, out of which very few have reported ADRs. Difficulty in deciding or identifying the ADR and lack of time to report ADR is one of the major factor discouraging the participants from reporting ADRs. A large number of respondents were also not familiar with reporting misleading advertisements.

Conclusion:

Findings of this study reflects a good knowledge of the participants about the concept of Pharmacovigilance but unfamiliarity about the programme. The positive attitude towards practice of Pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting can be converted to foster pharmacovigilance practice through series of awareness programmes.
Domestic violence and its associated factors among married women in urban Chennai: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Subhashchandra Kalal , Selvaraj Varsha , Jain Timsi , Dutta Ruma
Published: February 2022

Context:

Domestic violence against married women is a sensitive issue, which is prevalent in many societies and countries across the world. One in every three women experiences it in some form across the world, with prevalence ranging from 10 to 69% across various settings.

Aims:

To find the extent of domestic violence in Urban Chennai, Tamil Nadu and to find the factors associated with it.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study is done in the urban field practice area of Saveetha medical college and hospital, Thirumazhisai area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Methods and Material:

The participants who matched our inclusion criteria and who were residing in the area were included in the study. Convenient sampling method was used to collect data. A semi-structured questionnaire was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data was analyzed by calculating Percentages and Proportions and was presented in suitable tabular. Statistical test like Odds ratio and Chi-Square was used for finding the factors associated with the study variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with domestic violence.

Results:

The overall prevalence of domestic violence was 38.2%, with physical, sexual, psychological, and emotional violence comprising of 28.7%, 9.1%, 12.6%, and 15.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis found that the involvement of women in decision-making at their home, alcohol abuse among husbands, religion and husband’s education (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with domestic violence.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of domestic violence recorded was high. Moral support and necessary measures needs to be taken to empower women against it.
Clinical use of multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis
Authors: Sharma Nupur , Gautam Hitender , Tyagi Sonu , Raza Shahid , Mohapatra Sarita , Sood Seema , Dhawan Benu , Kapil Arti , Das Bimal K.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives:

Prompt and accurate diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is critical for patient management. We designed and evaluated two sets of multiplex-PCR assays for the simultaneous detection of six major etiologies of ABM i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis in one set and Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli in another set of multiplex-PCR in CSF of patients with suspected ABM.

Methods:

A total of 113 CSF specimens from patients of all ages having clinical features suggestive of meningitis were tested for bacteriological evidence by Gram’s smear, culture, and our designed multiplex-PCR.

Results:

Multiplex-PCR assay performed excellently by increasing the overall detection rate by 6% when compared to culture as of total 113 samples tested, 17 (15%) were positive by multiplex-PCR whereas only 9% (10/113) were positive by culture. It detected the DNA in eight culture negative samples revealing the presence of S. pneumoniae in three and other possible bacterial pathogens in five of them. Our assay showed a DNA detection limit of 1 pg/μL. Compared to CSF culture, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex-PCR were 90% and 92.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study accentuates the importance of multiplex-PCR assay that is efficiently fast and reliable for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis that can substantially improve the diagnosis in culture negative cases, especially in patients who were previously started on antimicrobial therapy.
Study of effect of gluten-free diet on vitamin D levels and bone mineral density in celiac disease patients
Authors: Verma Anjali , Lata Kusum , Khanna Alok , Singh Raj , Sachdeva Ashuma , Jindal Prateek , Yadav Swati
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial immune-mediated enteropathy caused by a response to ingested gluten. The current available treatment for CD is lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). This study was done to see the effect of GFD on Vitamin D levels and bone mass density in celiac patients.

Methods:

A prospective interventional study on newly diagnosed celiac patients was conducted in the Pediatrics department of a tertiary care teaching institute in 2 stages viz. on presentation and after 6 months of GFD. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical investigations, Vitamin D levels, and DEXA scan was done at recruitment and after 6 months of GFD and was analyzed.

Results:

In newly diagnosed 60 pediatric celiac patients, positive effect of GFD on anthropometry, hemoglobin, Vitamin D levels, DEXA scan parameters was observed. Significant difference was found in Vitamin D levels which increased from baseline 14.85 ± 5.39 to 18.22 ± 5.67 ng/ml after 6 months of GFD (P < 0.05). Significant difference was found in BMD (mean Z-score) which increased from -0.941 ± 0.738 to -0.640 ± 0.60 after 6 months of GFD (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study concluded that there is significant increase in vitamin D levels as well as Z-score, bone mass density (BMD) and bone Mass Content (BMC) after 6 months of GFD.
Feasibility of safe laparoscopic surgery performed by junior residents without exposure of open appendectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Meena Satya Prakash , Badkur Mayank , Rodha Mahaveer S. , Lodha Mahendra , Puranik Ashok , Premi Krashan Kant
Published: February 2022

Context:

Appendectomy is the most commonly performed surgery in the emergency department. It is very difficult to determine the minimal duration of the learning curve for junior residents to perform safe laparoscopic surgeries.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a safe laparoscopic appendectomy performed by junior residents.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center from May 2018 to May 2020.

Methods and Material:

This study reviewed all the data of laparoscopic appendectomy performed by junior and senior residents. Both groups were compared for the patient outcome in terms of complications, conversion to open, intraoperative findings, operative time, postoperative progress, and hospital stay.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were formulated in an excel sheet and analyzed with SPSS. Mean, median, range, standard deviation, percentages, univariate analysis with χ test and t-test were used.

Results:

No significant difference was found in operative time (mean [SD], 84.87 [24.73] vs. 86.95 [24.93], P = 0.679), intraoperative complication (9.2% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.769), postoperative complications (34.2% vs. 34.4%, P = 0.984), conversion to open (6.6% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.633), length of postoperative hospital stay (Mean [SD], 2.3 [2] vs. 2.2 [1], P = 0.739), and readmission (4% vs. 3%, P = 0.794). No major intraoperative complications and mortality were found in both groups.

Conclusions:

Junior residents may be allowed for safe laparoscopic appendectomy under supervision without experience of open appendectomy. The patient’s outcomes may be comparable with surgery performed by well-experienced surgeons. They can improve the basic healthcare system in the future with feasible basic laparoscopic surgery for common diseases.
The need for physical medicine and rehabilitation as an integral component in the medical education curriculum in India
Authors: Sahu Samantak , Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Sheikh Nishat Ahmed , Neyaz Osama , Yadav Shiv Lal
Published: February 2022

Enhanced quality of health care and increased life expectancy come with issues about the quality of life. This challenge is especially relevant to physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM and R)—a specialty focused on enhancing the quality of life. With the increasing burden of chronic diseases and disabling conditions, requirement for PM and R specialists will increase. This narrative review discusses the changing demographics, the disability trends, and the unmet needs both at present and anticipated in future. We also discussed problems faced by the present training system in PM and R, identified the lacunae, and attempted to provide suggestions to fill those.
A review study of the providing elderly care services in different countries
Authors: Asadzadeh Mohammad , Maher Ali , Jafari Mehrnoosh , Mohammadzadeh Khalil A. , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba
Published: February 2022

Background:

Population aging leads to change of population structure and increase care needs. Lack of proper planning in this field will lead to occur increasing problems. In this paper, the review of the elderly care plans at various levels in some European and Asian countries, comparing these countries with Iran with the goal of using their experiences to enhance elderly plans have been done.

Methods:

This research was a review study of library documents and resources and systematic search. Data were collected using the resources, databases, scientific databases and websites of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the studied countries.

Results:

Based on this research in the studied countries, the care services of the elderly is based on the important principle of coordination between different organs of the country, followed by the creation of LTC insurance and provision of health and social services for the elderly and mainly the type of home care. In Iran country, providing appropriate services and cares for the elderly with existing plans and policies is not possible and the need to provide appropriate service packages based on the different systems of successful countries and applying the experiences of these countries is essential.

Conclusion:

Given the current status of the Iranian elderly population in terms of policies and plans and the types and methods of providing services, quality, access and financial resources allocated to this age group, compared to the studied countries, there is a well and integrated plan is essential.
Effect of using disposable polyethylene bag as a probe cover or finger cover in pulse oximetry
Authors: Mondal Himel , Das Amit Kumar , Behera Joshil Kumar , Mondal Shaikat
Published: February 2022

Background:

Consumer-grade pulse oximeters are used to monitor blood oxygen levels (SpO2) at home. Sharing a pulse oximeter with family members in isolation centers or home isolation due to COVID-19 may increase the chances of cross-infection.

Aim:

We aimed to find if using commonly available disposable polyethylene covers either on the finger and/or on the pulse oximeter provides the same reading of SpO2 or not.

Methods:

Two operators measured SpO2 on 10 healthy subjects with three randomly selected pulse oximeters. Six types of commonly available polythene bags (transparent, translucent, and opaque) were used to cover the fingers and/or device. After measuring the baseline SpO2 (i.e., without using covers), the measurements were taken with a covered finger, and/or covered oximeter probe.

Results:

The mean age of the research participants (five male, five female) was 23.9 ± 5.11 years. Perfusion index was 9.12 ± 1.63 (males 9.6 ± 1.42, females 8.64 ± 1.85, P = 0.38). Black opaque polyethylene bag as finger or probe cover did not detect any signal. There was no difference in SpO2 reading when a pulse oximeter probe is covered, and/or a finger is covered. There was excellent inter-observer and inter-device agreement.

Conclusion:

Commonly available transparent and translucent polyethylene plastic bags may be used as finger or pulse oximeter cover without compromising the SpO2 reading. However, an opaque black plastic bag is not suitable for finger or probe cover. These easily available and cheap pulse oximeter covers may be used by multiple patients or family members in an emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic with the potential to prevent cross-infection.
Maternal Mortality in the Remote Islands of India—Unraveling the Conundrum
Authors: Yadav Anita , Prakash Avinash , Sharma Charu , Saha Mrinmoy Kumar , Yadav Seema , Baghel Jyoti , Kamath Anusha
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Reduction in maternal mortality has been a top priority in low- and lower middle-income countries of Asia-Pacific region. India, being one of them, has a major responsibility of reducing maternal mortality especially in light of the commitment on the part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite massive efforts and availability of technology needed to avert maternal deaths, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India continues to be high especially in remote areas. This study aims at collecting the MMR data and analyzing in the context of island infrastructure.

Material and Methods:

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The records of maternal deaths from January 2010 to December 2019 were collected from the medical record section and analyzed.

Results:

The MMR was estimated to be 95.63 per 100,000 live births. Majority of the patients were multigravida (82%) in the age group of 21 to 30 years (75%). Around 64% of them were referred cases. Majority (86%) of the deaths occurred in the postpartum period. Hemorrhage was the leading direct cause of maternal deaths (35.7%) followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (21.4%).

Conclusion:

Most maternal deaths are preventable. Early detection of high-risk pregnancies and early referral of such patients to a well-equipped center is the key to curb the catastrophe of mortality. Adopting methods like qSOFA (quick sequential organ failure assessment) for identifying patients requiring intensive care and miniPIERS (Preeclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) model for predicting adverse outcome in HDP is the need of hour. More efforts should be made to retain the specialists in the islands.
Evaluation of anesthesia quality with three methods: “propofol + fentanyl” vs. “propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine” vs. “propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine + ketamine” in patients referred to the scoping ward
Authors: Edalatkhah Sepehr , Hazrati Ebrahim , Hashemi Mahmoodreza , Golaghaei Alireza , Kheradmand Behroz , Rafiei Mohamadreza
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Toleration of the complexity and pain of interventions such as endoscopy and colonoscopy is highly difficult for patients. Considering the disagreement on the method of injection of propofol, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of anesthesia using the three methods of propofol + fentanyl, propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine, and propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine + ketamine.

Methods:

This one-way blind clinical trial study included 99 patients who were admitted in three groups by block randomization method. In a group of patients that were sedated with propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine + ketamine, the dose of all drugs is reduced by half the amount of the other groups. Variables included age, sex, frequency of cough, apnea, need for jaw thrust maneuver, O2 saturation, duration of recovery, and procedural satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:

The three groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. The effects of the three sedation protocols on the variables showed that patient’s apnea, cough, O2 saturation, and also proceduralist satisfaction in the group of the patient that sedated with four drugs was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other groups. But there was no significant difference between the three groups when comparing the recovery time and need for jaw thrust during the procedure.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study showed that the use of combination of “propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine + ketamine” with lower doses, significantly results in higher quality sedation compared with higher doses of “propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine” or “propofol + fentanyl” for scoping procedures.
Epidemiological Pattern and Trend Analysis of Animal Bite Cases of Anti-Rabies Clinic of Tertiary Care Hospital of Delhi
Authors: Jethani Sumit , Singh Sunil Kumar , Anshumali  , Kamble Bhushan Dattatray , Dobhal Veena , Singh Saudan , Jha Diwakar , Ahlawat Pooja
Published: February 2022

Background:

Animal bites to humans are a public health problem. Rabies is caused by rhabdovirus which is present in the saliva of rabid animals like dogs, cats, monkeys, and wild animals like fox and jackals.

Objective:

To find the epidemiological pattern and trend analysis of animal bite cases registered in Anti-rabies clinic of tertiary care hospital of Delhi.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was planned in Anti-rabies clinic of Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, and data from January 2010 to December 2018 was taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0.

Results:

After interpretation of data from 2010 to 2018, it was found that maximum number of animal bite cases belonged to category 3 (91.0%) and majority (93.6%) were due to dog bite. On analysis of year and season wise trend, it was found that the frequency of cases showed a rising trend from the year 2010, with highest number of cases in the year 2014, while animal bite cases were maximum with arrival of spring season (month of April).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that animal bite cases are rising over the years and dog bites are most common animal bite cases in Delhi. Most of the animal bite cases occurred during spring season followed by autumn season of the year. So, there is dire need of strengthening the preventive measures for controlling animal bites in the study area.
Study to assess aetiology, clinical and imaging characteristics of post Covid-19 pulmonary cavitation
Authors: Rai Deependra Kumar , Priyadarshi Rajeev K. , Karmaker Saurabh
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study is to determine the aetiology and characteristics of pulmonary cavities that developed in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:

Between 1st May 2021 and 30st June 2021, we found 9 post COVID-19 patients who developed lung cavities on chest radiograph or CT during the follow-up period. These patients underwent routine blood examination, sputum examination and bronchoscopy to identify the aetiologies for the lung cavities.

Results:

The duration from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the detection of lung cavities ranged from 18 to 82 days. Out of 7 patients, 4 had recovered from severe COVID-19 disease, 2 from moderate and 1 from mild disease. After the diagnostic workup, 5 patients were found to have COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), 1 patient with mucormycosis and 1 patient with mycobacterium infection. Two patients with CAPA also had bacterial infection; sputum culture from both these patients grew Klebsiella pneumonia.

Conclusion:

Lung cavities can develop in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia and fungal infection is the most common cause for such cavities.
Second hand smoke exposure in pregnant women in Dehradun, Uttarakhand: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sharma Twinkle , Aggarwal Pradeep , Singh Mahendra
Published: February 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage and sources of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking pregnant women. It was a cross-sectional study conducted among the non-smoking pregnant women registered at the primary health center (PHC) under the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Rishikesh.

Materials and Methods:

All registered pregnant women at sub-center in the field practice area (Raiwala) of the Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh were recruited in the study. In this study, a questionnaire was used for measuring the exposure of SHS. Mean and standard deviation (SD), median, minimum, and maximum were used for continuous variables. A Chi-square test was used to compare the association of categorical variables.

Results:

Out of the total participants, 62% were exposed to SHS. 33% of participants were exposed to SHS at home only, 24% at public places only, and 5% were the ones exposed both at home and public places. More than half (69%) of the participants were having inadequate knowledge about the harms caused by SHS.

Conclusions:

More than half of the participants were exposed to SHS. Inadequate knowledge among the participants about adverse effects of SHS exposure and insufficient practices and action were observed.
Marijuana use experiences and expectancies of urban youth in India
Authors: Ali Enub , Sachdeva Ankur , Gupta Swatika , Kumar Manoj , Singh Jai M. , Kardam Lalit
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To gain information on the marijuana experiences and expectancies of youth in an urban Indian area, which may be used for forming the framework for the development of effective primary prevention strategies in the future.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in various colleges of Mumbai; 260 students from three colleges who were above 18 years were selected by systematic random sampling. The participant had to fill a sociodemographic questionnaire and marijuana effect expectancy questionnaire (MEEQ-B) and it was analyzed by using the SPSS software.

Results:

A significant association was found between negative marijuana expectancies and type of family, with cannabis users and non-users, who want to try cannabis and those who are aware of the legal issues and harmful effects of cannabis.

Conclusion:

Preventive drug education should begin in early adolescence and should deter or delay drug use through changes in knowledge, attitude, behavior, and expectation. Adolescent drug education must meet the needs of those naive to drugs as well as those experiencing initial drug exposure. This is the first study which highlights the youth experiences and expectancies about marijuana in India.
Impact of covid-19 pandemic on quality of life and psychosocial difficulties among liver transplant recipients
Authors: Choudhury Ashok , Varshney Mohit , Sahoo Bishnupriya , Pamecha Viniyendra , Sinha Piyush , Patil Nilesh Sadashiv , Mohapatra Nihar , Sharma Vibhuti , Kumar Raman
Published: February 2022

Background:

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic affected health in all domains i.e., physical, mental, and social aspects. Liver transplant (LT) recipients faced a multitude of challenges during the first wave of lockdown. The aim was to identify the psychosocial difficulties and quality of life during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on LT recipients with a predefined structured questionnaire that included clinical, COVID-19 anxiety scale, and Post-Transplant Quality of life questionnaire (pLTQ).

Results:

A total of 109 patients were studied; with a mean age of 50.5 ± 11.1 years, with a median post-transplant follow-up of 52.4 months and a live donor transplant in the majority (79.8%). Almost all (99.1%) could come to the hospital for regular follow-up, prior to the pandemic. But during the first wave only 57% could maintain planned hospital visits and about 88% could not pursue their regular activities, and 39% missed their routine exercise because of imposed restrictions. Similarly, financial implications were responsible for 4% defaulting from treatment; while 7.3% managed by curtailing supportive drugs (on their own) leading to deranged liver tests in 4.6%; requiring immediate attention. The psychosocial difficulties raised the stress of pandemic (median score 18), and impacted quality of life (mean total pLTQ score 4.7 ± 0.9)

Conclusions:

For LT recipients, the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic affected their physical, mental, financial, and social wellbeing; in addition to the disease itself. Awareness, psychosocial support, and comprehensive care are some unmet needs for this special group; especially when it is expected that subsequent waves may continue to occur.