bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Interpretação do direito privado no Superior Tribunal de Justiça e a utilização do discurso “constitucionalizante”
Authors: SALES ANDREA , Viana JANILE , LEAL LEONARDO
Published: February 2021

Mediante o desenvolvimento de pesquisa empírica na base de jurisprudência disponível no sitio eletrônico do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), delimitada no período de 07/04/1989 a 01/12/2017, com o emprego dos metadados “constitucionalização”; “civil-constitucional”; “despatrimonialização”; “repersonalização direito civil”; “publicização direito civil” e “eficácia dos direitos fundamentais”, este último com e sem aspas, buscou-se investigar a utilização do discurso constitucionalizante na jurisprudência daquele Tribunal e se constatou, alicerçados nos resultados encontrados, que os fundamentos constitucionais são frequentemente utilizados para a solução das lides, a despeito da legislação ordinária existente. A metodologia empregada neste estudo foi empírica e hipotético-dedutiva. A discussão, portanto, sobre a Teoria do Direito Civil-Constitucional passa a ser de fundamental importância para a correta compreensão e aplicação das categorias e conceitos do Direito Civil ante as situações práticas apresentadas.
El nixtamal preparado con ceniza: Una receta en el rarámuri de Norogachi
Authors: Villalpando Quiñonez Jesús , Estrada Fernández Zarina , Bustillos Gardea María Luisa
Published: February 2021

Documented oral texts in Uto-Aztecan languages of northern Mexico are scarce in comparison with oral texts in languages from central and southern Mexico. This unavailability of oral texts indicates that documenting these languages is a high priority. This is the case for the Tarahumara/Rarámuri language. The oral text presented here is not the first text in Tarahumara or Rarámuri published in Tlalocan. However, it does represent the first instance in a series of oral texts collected recently, and more importantly, documented by using current methodologies implemented in a documentation project. This contribution to Tlalocan serves as a different written register from narratives in Rarámuri. The text ‘Échi napíwili napisó kítila newáami’ is a sample of a procedural discourse as shown when telling a recipe. This procedure tells us about a cultural practice that used to be more common among Rarámuri people: how to prepare hominy (nixtamal) by using pine ashes. Rarámuri people consider this practice as common among the ki’yawáli ‘the ancestors’ and the ochélame ‘the elders’.
Write On, Women! Discovering Personal Skills through Feminist Pedagogy and Narratives
Authors: Rallón Ana Olga , Peñaloza-Rallón Anna Carolina
Published: February 2021

In this pedagogical proposal, we utilized Feminist Pedagogy and narratives to reveal women’s skills that they had silenced in their cover letters for employment. Five females’ narratives were analyzed using aspects of the grounded theory method to answer the question: What do women’s narratives reveal about their personal skills otherwise silenced in their cover letters? The results showed that women find strength in their spirituality, as well as demonstrating loyalty, flexibility, respectfulness, and resilience. All of the women wrote about their decision-making abilities, which included organization, responsibility, and problem-solving. Finally, the stories revealed that women’s ability to make choices defined their freedom and their future.
Understanding Basic English Users’ Classroom Interaction: A Case Study
Authors: Contreras-Espinosa Ximena Rocío , Villamizar-Mantilla Karen Michell
Published: February 2021

This qualitative case study seeks to understand the importance of interaction in an A1-English language course at a public university in Colombia. Data were collected through six non-participant observations and four semi-structured interviews. Data were organized and analyzed by using MAXQDA software. These instruments provided enough information of the participants’ perspectives about the importance of interaction when learning a new language. With these instruments, it was also possible to find the types of interaction that occurred between the participating teacher and students in the observed foreign language classroom. The findings reveal five different interaction patterns that emerged depending on its purpose, who started them, when they occurred, and how they were given.
Neuroimaging in meningiomas: old tips and new tricks
Authors: Elefante Andrea , Russo Camilla , Di Stasi Martina , Vola Elena , Ugga Lorenzo , Tortora Fabio , De Divitiis Oreste
Published: February 2021

Meningiomas are the most common neoplasm of the central nervous system. Usually benign and generally discovered incidentally at imaging, meningiomas can also be responsible for severe neurological symptoms and deficits, with potentially high morbidity and non-negligible mortality. Therefore, neuroimaging plays a crucial role in meningiomas diagnosis, therapeutic planning, and long-term surveillance, for early detection of both recurrence in treated patients and disease progression in untreated ones. Here, we review conventional findings in meningiomas’ imaging, review the role for advanced diagnostic techniques, and offer an overview on possible future neuroimaging applications.
Indications and technical details of sublobar resections for small-sized lung cancers based on tumor characteristics
Authors: Kato Hirohisa , Oizumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Jun , Suzuki Katsuyuki , Takamori Satoshi
Published: February 2021

With the recent increase in small-sized lung cancers, sublobar resection and minimally invasive surgeries are becoming preferred. In particular, the detection of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) on high-resolution computed tomography has increased. Although lobectomy has been considered a standard procedure for treating lung cancer, sublobar resections have been indicated for treating GGN-dominant small-sized lung cancers. Wedge resection and segmentectomy have generally been performed as sublobar resection; however, each procedure has some technical advantages and disadvantages. Although anatomical resection as a segmentectomy is a complicated procedure, it has recently been increasingly performed with the accurate anatomical grasp using three-dimensional computed tomography and the identification of the intersegmental plane. Other procedures involving the use of newer technologies can also be performed. Individualized sublobar resection might be a suitable procedure for small-sized lung cancer with the appropriate selection of procedures based on each tumor’s characteristics and improving the methods to overcome some technical difficulties.
ISIS – a Threat to Security of South-East Asia Countries
Authors: Rogozhina N.
Published: February 2021

ISIS poses a real threat to security and stability of South-East Asia countries, inspiring local Islamic extremists to conduct jihad for the purpose of creating a pan-regional caliphate "Daulah Islamiyah Nusantara" comprising the territories of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Southern Philippines and Thailand, where the Muslim population exceeds 250 millions. The author assumes that ISIS has potential for increasing its influence on these countries, taking into consideration 1) the presence of long-standing terrorist organizations, which have established contacts with international terrorists, such as Al Qaeda, and are now ready to swear their allegiance to ISIS; 2) the existence of social base – receptive to the ideology of international jihad – that can increase in number in case of engagement of former ISIS fighters from South-East Asia in the battle for the Islamic State creation in the region. This struggle will lead to terror and violence. And strengthening of the ISIS power in the Middle East gives the militants force and determination in achieving this goal. Now the number of the ISIS fighters from South-East Asia exceeds 800 people, but the flow of new supporters can increase, because there is a well-established basis for their recruiting through: preaching in mosques; indoctrination of students in madrasahs and religious boarding schools, funded by radical Islamic organizations; circulating of religious literature of jihad orientation; local radical groups; social networks. To counter the threat of the Islamic community radicalization, the governments rely on the leading Islam organizations and take actions in different directions. But their outcome will depend on whether the Muslim majority of population preserves the inherent religious tolerance.
China's Arctic Interests and Policy: History, Legal Ground and Implementation
Authors: Guangmiao X.
Published: February 2021

With a brief history review of China’s participation in the 20th century Arctic activities, the article discusses basic directions of China’s Arctic interests in the 21th century, examines their legal grounds and mechanisms for their pursuit. Considering China‘s Arctic interests related to climate change, economic, scientific and political activities, the author emphasizes that the latter primarily serve its desire for a better understanding of climate change dynamics and economic interest. While elaborating on legal issues, the author also admits the existence of legal disputes that impede the pursuit of Chinese interests. Furthermore, when introducing the mechanisms for China’s Arctic interests pursuit as a complex which can be achieved in governmental, academic and commercial aspects, the obstructive practical factors in the process of implementation, and the shortcomings of the according mechanisms are discussed. Attempting to analyze the perspective and summarize the basic position of Chinese government on the present issue, the author adopts the methods of history research, document research, interdisciplinary research and comparison, and draws the conclusion that, as a non-Arctic state, China does not regard Arctic as a foreign policy priority and raises no claims in the region. China shows respect to the sovereignty and sovereign rights of Arctic countries, while insisting that non-Arctic states should also exercise the right of scientific research and navigation. To develop a partnership of cooperation, Arctic and non-Arctic states should recognize and respect each other's rights under the international law. China endorses UNCLOS to be the main legal instrument of the Arctic Governance and considers the Arctic Council as the most influential international forum promoting the development of Arctic Governance and cooperation. Unprepared as China has been to form its official Arctic policy, it will continue to actively participate in all aspects of the governance and cooperation in the region.
KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR SILASE RANSUM KOMPLIT PADA BERBAGAI BENTUK DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Mustabi Jamila , Rinduwati Rinduwati , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah
Published: February 2021

Ransum dapat dinyatakan berkualitas apabila mampu memberikan seluruh kebutuhan nutrien secara tepat, baik jenis, jumlah, serta imbangan nutrien bagi ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar pada ransum komplit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor diantaranya faktor A (Betuk silase ransum komplit) yaitu : silase, pellet dan blok; faktor B (Lama penyimpanan) yaitu 0, 1 dan 2 bulan, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa bentuk silase ransum komplit tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05), Namun lama penyimpanan memiliki pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05), ini membuktikan bahwa tidak ada interaksi yan terjadi antara bentuk ransum komplit dengan lama penyimpanan terhadap kandungan protein kasar, akan tetapi jika dilihat pada kandungan serat kasar terdapat interaksi yang terjadi pada bentuk ransum dan lama penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kandungan protein kasar berkisar antara 10.79% -13,86% yang tertinggi pada penyimpanan 0 bulan dan kandungan serat kasar yaitu 14,24% -18,93% yang tertinggi pada penyimpanan 2 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama penyimpanan ransum komplit maka kandungan protein kasar akan semakin menurun dan kandungan serat kasar akan semakin meningkat. Silase ransum komplit dalam semua bentuk masih mempunyai kualitas yang baik pada penyimpanan 2 bulan
Pengaruh Pemberian Bahan Aditif Berbeda terhadap pH dan Kandungan Bahan Kering Silase Sorgum Manis (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Mugfira Mugfira , Nohong Budiman , Nompo Syamsuddin
Published: February 2021

Sorgum memiliki kemampuan untuk tumbuh baik disaat musim hujan maupun kemarau serta memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang hampir setara dengan rumput gajah. Hal ini tentunya dapat menjadi solusi dalam penyediaan pakan hijauan yang tidak kontinyu. Dalam pembuatan silase penambahan bahan aditif diperlukan untuk memperoleh hasil silase yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pH dan kandungan bahan kering silase sorgum manis yang diberi bahan aditif berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, yaitu P0: Kontrol, P1: Tepung Sagu 5%, P2: Dedak Padi 5%, dan P3: Dedak Jagung 5%. Sampel dianalisis di Laboratorium untuk mengetahui pH dan bahan kering dari silase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH silase sorgum pada perlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3 tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). pH dari silase sorgum yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 3,83 – 3,89 yang berarti merupakan silase dengan kualitas sangat baik. Sedangkan untuk kandungan bahan kering, silase pada perlakuan P0 (kontrol) sangat nyata lebih rendah (P<0,01) dibandingkan P2 dan nyata lebih rendah (P<0,05) terhadap P1 dan P3. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa silase sorgum manis dengan 13% bx yang dibuat tanpa penambahan bahan aditif cukup layak untuk diterapkan melihat dari pH silase yang dihasilkan merupakan pH dengan kategori sangat baik.
KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK IN VITRO DAUN MAJA (Aegle marmelos) DAN DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium)
Authors: Harniati Harniati , Islamiyati Rohmiyatul , Ismartoyo Ismartoyo
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengetahui kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik in vitro daun maja (Aegle marmelos) dan daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan uji T dengan lima ulangan. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering  dan bahan organik in vitro tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antara daun maja dan daun gamal. Disimpulkan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik in vitro daun maja dan daun gamal adalah sama
KANDUNGAN NUTRISI TEPUNG LIMBAH BIJI KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DENGAN METODE PENGERINGAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Rafidah . , Mujnisa A , Purwanti Sri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode pengeringan yang optimal terhadap kandungan nutrisi tepung limbah biji kakao yang difermentasi menggunakan bakteri selulolitik. Bahan difermentasi selama 8 hari kemudian dikeringkan dengan metode pengeringan berbeda. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan 5 ulangan; P0 (tepung limbah biji kakao 50% + bekatul 25% + onggok 20% + arang sekam 5%) tanpa pengeringan, P1 (tepung limbah biji kakao 50% + bekatul 25% + onggok 20% + arang sekam 5%) kering diangin-anginkan, P2 (tepung limbah biji kakao 50% + bekatul 25% + onggok 20% + arang sekam 5%) kering matahari, P3 (tepung limbah biji kakao 50% + bekatul 25% + onggok 20% + arang sekam 5%) kering oven. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, dilanjutkan uji Duncan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian kadar air (%) P0: 46,82±1,84, P1: 15,98±0,73, P2: 6,78±0,34, P3: 32,18±1,22; kadar abu (%) P0: 13,59±1,61, P1: 12,65±0,24, P2: 12,69±0,65, P3: 9,78±2,59; lemak kasar (%) P0: 3,95±0,85, P1: 3,84±0,99, P2: 6,93±1,34, P3: 4,14±0,51; serat kasar (%) P0: 17,82±2,02, P1: 21,53±0,72, P2: 22,99±0,46, P3: 23,54±0,81 dan protein kasar (%) P0: 10,94±2,63, P1: 12,64±0,11, P2: 11,70±0,09, P3: 12,80±0,57. Tepung limbah biji kakao yang difermentasi menggunakan bakteri selulolitik dengan metode pengeringan yang berbeda menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, lemak kasar dan serat kasar, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata terhadap protein kasar. Kesimpulannya bahwa metode pengeringan dengan diangin-anginkan mampu memperbaiki kandungan nutrisi tepung limbah biji kakao fermentasi.Kata Kunci: Bakteri selulolitik, fermentasi, limbah biji kakao, nutrisi, pengeringan.
METODE KONSERVASI TANAH DENGAN CARA STRIP RUMPUT (GRASS STRIP)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Konservasi tanah pada lahan kering merupakan upaya meningkatkan fungsi lahan untuk berproduksi, sehingga potensinya dapat dioptimalkan sebagai sumber pendapatan. Lahan kering marginal yang berstatus kritis dicirikan oleh solum tanah yang dangkal, kemiringan lereng, tingkat erosi, kandungan bahan organik sangat rendah. Menurunnya kualitas tanah  disebabkan dua faktor utama yakni faktor faktor pertama adalah faktor alamiah yang terdiri dari iklim,  topografi, kemiringan lereng, vegetasi dan tanah.  Faktor ke dua adalah ulah manusia seperti kesalahan  dalam pengelolaan  lahan. Dalam upaya mengatasi degradasi tanah  untuk memperoleh lahan yang ideal dalam usaha pertanian, maka tindakan yang harus ditempuh dengan cara vegetatif. Cara vegetatif antara lain penanaman menurut kontur seperti strip rumput. Metode koservasi tanah secara vegetatif dengn strip rumput dapat mengurangi kehilangan unsur hara tanah melalui erosi, menahan aliran permukaan dan juga menghasilkan hijauan untuk ternak
DAYA CERNA PROTEIN KASAR, LEMAK KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR RANSUM KOMPLIT MENGANDUNG BAHAN UTAMA TUMPI JAGUNG FERMENTASI PADA TERNAK KAMBING KACANG
Authors: Antisa Ayu , Natsir Asmuddin , Syahrir Syahriani
Published: February 2021

Daya cernaan bahan pakan adalah bagian zat yang dapat dicerna oleh tubuh dan diasumsikan diserap oleh tubuh ternak sehingga tidak diekskresikan dalam feses. Jumlah maupun komposisi kimia serat suatu bahan pakan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kecernaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi daya cerna protein, daya cerna lemak, dan daya cerna serat pakan komplit mengandung tumpi jagung fermentasi pada ternak kambing kacang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Sepuluh ekor ternak kambing kacang secara random dibagi kedalam dua kelompok perlakuan (5 ekor/kelompok). Kelompok (F) diberi pakan komplit mengandung tumpi fermentasi dan pada  kelompok (TF) diberi pakan komplit mengandung tumpi tanpa fermentasi.    Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap daya cerna protein, daya cerna lemak dan daya cerna serat kasar pakan. Kesimpulan Pemberian ransum komplit tumpi jagung fermentasi dan ransum komplit tumpi jagung tanpa fermentasi kecernaan protein dari kedua perlakuan cukup tinggi yaitu berada di angka diatas 70% begitupula dengan kecernaan lemak juga cukup tinggi yaitu rataan diatas 80% dan kecernaan serat rataan diatas 50%.
PENGUJIAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN KANDUNGAN LEMAK KASAR SILASE PAKAN KOMPLIT YANG BERBAHAN DASAR ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes) DENGAN LAMA FERMENTASI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Yuvita Dina , Mustabi Jamila , Asriany Anie
Published: February 2021

Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) merupakan salah satu jenis gulma air yang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik dan kandungan lemak kasar silase pakan komplit berbahan dasar eceng gondok dengan lama fermentasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan.Perlakuan P1 (lama fermentasi 0 hari atau kontrol), P2 (lama fermentasi 10 hari), P3 (lama fermentasi 20 hari) dan P4 (lama fermentasi 30 hari).Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa lama fermentasi yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata  (P<0,05) terhadap kandungan pH tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kandungan lemak kasar silase pakan komplit. Rataan kandungan pH yaitu P0 = 7; P1 = 5,32; P2 = 4,18; P3 = 4,21. Rataan kandungan lemak kasar adalah P0 = 0,93%; P1 = 1,25%; P2 = 1,22 %; dan P3 = 0,92 %. Dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa silase pakan komplit yang berbahan dasar eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) termasuk dalam kategori baik berdasarkan pengujian karakteristik.Lama fermentasi 20 hari  adalah yang terbaik dalam pembuatan silase pakan komplit berbahan eceng gondok.
KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR TONGKOL JAGUNG FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN CAIRAN RUMEN SEBAGAI INOKULAN
Authors: Farliansyah Farliansyah , Mustabi Jamila , Syahrir Syahriani
Published: February 2021

Tongkol jagung mengandung serat kasar yang tinggi dan nilai protein yang rendah. Teknologi fermentasi dengan menggunakan cairan rumen sebagai inokulan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas tongkol jagung.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cairan rumen sapi sebagai inokulan terhadap nilai protein kasar dan serat kasar tongkol jagung.Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dengan 4ulangan. Perlakuan P0 : fermentasi tongkol jagung tanpa penambahan cairan rumen (Kontrol), P1 : Tongkol Jagung + Cairan Rumen 15%, P3 : Tongkol Jagung + Cairan Rumen 30%. Hasil analisis ragam menujukkan bahwa fermentasi tongkol jagung dengan menggunakan cairan rumen sapi sebagai inokulan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P>0.05) terhadap kandungan protein kasar tongkol jagung tetapi memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kandunga serat kasar tongkol jagung. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rataan kandungan protein kasar perlakuan P0 : 2.78%, P1 : 3.11% dan P2 :3.08%, rataan kandungan serat kasar perlakuan P0 : 36.55%, P1 : 37.82% dan P2 : 40.51%. Kesimpulan, penambahan inokulan cairan rumen 15% (P1) lebih baik daripada perlakuan lainnya, memiliki kandungan protein kasar tertinggi dan mampu meningktakan kandungan protein kasar 0.33% dari perlakuan kontrol (P0). Semakin tinggi penambahan inokulan cairan rumen semakin meningkatkan kandungan serat kasar tongkol jagung fermentasi.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK JAMBU BIJI MERAH (Psidium guajava Linn) TERHADAP KUALITAS DAGING SAPI DALAM PROSES CURING
Authors: Haradito Aditya , Utami Rohula , Nursiwi Asri
Published: February 2021

Curing is a method that can be used to maintain the quality of beef. The curing method uses nitrate and nitrite compounds, which have useful roles in the curing process. However, those compounds have a side effect on the body if consumed continuously, which causes cancer disease (carcinogenic). This harmful carcinogenic property can be controlled by the addition of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is commonly found in several fruits, one of which is red guava (Psidium guajava L). Therefore, this study aims to find out the most optimal addition of red guava extract in maintaining the beef qualities with curing treatment on the parameters of water content, pH, whc, texture, color, ascorbic acid, and nitrite residue. This study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with the various concentration of red guava extract (0%-5%) and observed at soaking times of 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. The analysis was performed by twice of sample repetition and analysis repetition. The results of the analysis were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA continued with the DMRT test if the results were significantly different (α = 0.05). Based on the results of the study, the higher of concentration in red guava extract, the pH, water content, whc, b* color, a* color, nitrite residue were smaller while the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, L* color, a* color, the ascorbic acid content in curing were higher. The chosen treatment due to the test parameter in this study was the addition of 4% concentration in red guava extract in the curing process with 2 days soaking times.
Low Knowledge and Lack of Awareness Regarding the Mass Drug Administration Health Promotion as the Determinant Factors in Non-Compliance to the Mass Drug Administration Health Program
Authors: Annashr Nissa Noor , Amalia Icca Stella , Dinh Hoa Thi Phuong
Published: February 2021

From the total population of the community in Kuningan District, 78.61% were taking filariasis drugs in the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program in 2017. Cilimus Subdistrict became a filariasis-endemic area in Kuningan with 72.39% of the MDA program coverage in 2017 (government target >86%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of compliance with the MDA program. The study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design and conducted from May to June 2018. The sample of 106 people was taken from the population living in Cilimus Subdistrict, Kuningan District, using a simple random sampling technique. Independent variables were collected by a constructed questionnaire included age, education level, knowledge, attitude, health promotion, and family support. A questionnaire also measured compliance with MDA as a dependent variable. Data analysis consisted of univariate, bivariate (chi-square and Fisher exact test), and multivariate analyses (multiple logistic regression). The results showed that the variables of knowledge, attitude, MDA health promotion, and family support influence compliance with the MDA (p-value < 0.05). Low knowledge and unawareness of the MDA health promotion proved to be the dominant factors in non-compliance with the MDA program.
Parity and Marital Status as Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use among Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Mas'udah Anni Fithriyatul , Pristya Terry YR , Andarmoyo Sulistyo
Published: February 2021

Adolescent pregnancy has a higher health risk compared to adult pregnancy. One approach to control pregnancy among adolescents is through contraceptive use. The data on contraceptive use has increased in 2018 and is still controversial among adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to determine the factors encou - rag ing the use of contraceptives among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relation of parity and marital status on contraceptive use among adolescents. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was adolescents aged 15–19 years in Indonesia. The total sample of 936 adolescents was selected from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent variables (parity and marital status) on the dependent variable (contraceptive use) with education, work status, region, and economic status as controls. The results showed relationship association between marital status and parity on contraceptive use in adolescents after being controlled by confounding variables , namely work status, economic status and region. The use of contraceptives was one way to control adolescent pregnancy. Counseling and guidance concerning the use of contraceptives should be provided to adolescents.
Risk Perception for Developing Erectile Dysfunction among Malaysian Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohamad Anuar , Tohid Hizlinda , Ahmad Saharuddin , Tong Seng Fah , Ahmad Mahadir
Published: February 2021

Risk perception for developing erectile dysfunction (ED) is an appreciation of the susceptibility to having ED and its severity. This study examined this risk perception and its associated factors among 180 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who claimed not to have ED. This cross sectional study was conducted at a public health clinic using a validated self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant characteristics, perceived susceptibility to developing ED, perceived severity of ED, and knowledge on risk factors for ED. About 71.1% had an inaccurate perception of susceptibility to developing ED and their perception on its severity was moderate (median (IQR) score: 10.0 (6.0); range score: 3–15; midpoint: 9). In multiple linear regression, having ED symptoms (p-value < 0.001) and secondary (p-value = 0.045) or tertiary education (p-value: 0.022) significantly contributed to a higher perception of susceptibility. A higher perception of severity was significantly found in Malays (p-value < 0.001), the employed (p-value = 0.026), and those with better knowledge on risk factors for ED (p-value < 0.001). Risk perception for developing ED among men with T2DM appears poor and it was significantly influenced by sociocultural factors, educational attainment, ED symptoms, and knowledge on risk factors for ED. Thus, to improve their risk perception, they should be provided appropriate counseling and education.
Late Quaternary Slip Rate and Kinematics of the Baoertu Fault, Constrained by 10Be Exposure Ages of Displaced Surfaces within Eastern Tian Shan
Authors: Ren Guangxue , Li Chuanyou , Wu Chuanyong , Zhang Huiping , Wang Siyu , Ren Zhikun , Lei Qiyun , Li Xinnan
Published: February 2021

Investigation on the kinematics and deformation rates about active fault interior of the Tian Shan can provide significant information for strengthening our understanding on the present tectonic evolution of this range. The Baoertu Fault (BETF) is a major E-W striking active structure within the eastern Tian Shan and separates the south and central Tian Shan. But its kinematics and slip rates in the late Quaternary have never been systematically reported before. Based on interpretations of remote sensing images, drone photography, and detailed field investigations, we propose that the BETF is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a thrust component and provides the first late Pleistocene slip rate for this fault. At the northern margin of the Kumishi Basin, combining offset reconstructions of displaced alluvial fan surfaces with the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure age dating, we calculate an average sinistral slip rate of 0.65±0.16 mm/yr and average vertical slip rate of 0.07±0.01 mm/yr for the BETF since 95-106 ka. The differential movement eastward between the central Tian Shan block and Yanqi-Kumishi Basin block is likely the dominant driver of the left-lateral slip of the BETF. Synthesizing other quantitative data in eastern Tian Shan, we suggest that the hinterland active faults or folds, including the BEFT, roughly accommodate ~28-45% of the total N-S convergence across the eastern Tian Shan.
Acid Fracturing Tight Gas Carbonates Reservoirs Using CO2 to Assist Stimulation Fluids: An Alternative to Less Water Consumption while Maintaining Productivity
Authors: Sanchez Mauricio , Abel Justin Tate , Idris Muhammad , Soriano Eduardo , Lopez Alfredo , Fathkutdinov Damir
Published: February 2021

Conventional hydraulic fracture stimulation techniques have been widely used to enhance production from tight gas reservoirs. Since the initial use of this method to increase production rates, the industry has witnessed continued advancement in terms of fracturing theory, fluids, and techniques. The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) since the early 1960s has continued to be a significant part of these advances. CO2 has been used for many years as an energy source to aid fluid recovery of well stimulation fluids. This technology predominantly has been used to stimulate tight sandstone reservoirs. There are very limited applications for low permeable tight carbonate reservoirs because of complexities associated with the physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks and its interaction with fracturing fluid. Nevertheless, the advantages of using assisted CO2 stimulation fluids as the elimination of potential formation damage normally associated with fracturing fluids and very rapid cleanup are still present.

This paper outlines one of the first acid fracturing jobs assisted with CO2 conducted on a tight gas well reservoir in Saudi Arabia. It describes in a simple manner the screening methodology and key parameters considered during selection of a well candidate and the design process, which was based on petrophysical, mechanical, and chemistry properties of the formation and the respective interaction with treatment fluids. Moreover, primary operational procedures and guidelines are discussed, highlighting a safety risk assessment point of view.

Implementing this technique in a more generalized manner in the field can help save considerable operational time and costs. CO2 used to energized fracturing fluids can increase the productivity of the well while using less water and less acid than conventional acid fracturing, which is of primary importance in such a harsh environment, requiring less water consumption.
Evaluating Vertical and Horizontal Well Potential of Tight Oil Exploratory Wells in the Jimusaer Field
Authors: Kuang Lichun , Xu Jiangwen , Mao Xinjun , Chen Chaofeng , Li Xuebin , Judd Tobias , Liu Yuan , Hai Liu , Li Jing
Published: February 2021

The necessity to exploit hydrocarbon resources further down the resource triangle has resulted in the industry attempting to evaluate large and more-challenging resource plays due to the scarcity of conventional reserves. The Jimusaer field, located in the Junggar basin in western China, represents such a scenario and covers a surface area exceeding 300,000 acres with a targeted reservoir thickness of 650 ft located between 9,100 and 14,500 ft true vertical depth (TVD).

Typical exploration programs include extensive data collection of reservoir and hydrocarbon properties with respect to structural location. The assessment and evaluation of such data improve the understanding of the subsurface uncertainties and associated risk. In Junggar basin, given the uncertainty in well productivity, increased attention to the hydraulic fracturing process was required. The process, which included the application and combination of several types of technology, was built upon and optimized through the initial 28 vertical wells.

To further improve well performance, long horizontal laterals combined with multistage hydraulic fracturing were needed to provide proof of commercial productivity and subsequent field development, which, for several years, was not thought to be possible. Based on the initial vertical well results, three horizontal wells were designed based upon the improved reservoir understanding. This phase was meant to further advance the understanding of the subsurface and completion and stimulation technologies while identifying areas for future productivity improvement.

Finally, the unique geological properties of this reservoir required different strategies and technology deployment to make them viable and sustainable in terms of reservoir and completion quality factors. The successful application of a locally developed technology plan and pilot program through a multidisciplinary approach further demonstrated the suitability of a given technology with the lessons learned being captured and incorporated into future well designs.
Geo-Engineered Completion Optimization: An Integrated, Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Improve Stimulation Efficiency in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Spain David R. , Gil Ivan , Sebastian Herb , Smith Phil S. , Wampler Jeff , Cadwallader Stephan , Graff Mitchell
Published: February 2021

Large, high density fracture networks are necessary to deliver commercial production rates from sub-microdarcy permeability organic-rich shale reservoirs. Operators have increased lateral length and fracture stages as the primary means to improve well performance and, more recently, are tailoring completion techniques to local experience and reservoir-specific learning. In particular, closer fracture stage spacing or increased number of stages per well have driven improvements in well performance. Large scale adoption occurs when the change in performance is clearly linked to the reservoir-specific completion design.

Horizontal well fracturing efficiency in unconventional reservoirs is notoriously poor. Numerous authors report that 40 to 60 per cent of frac stages or individual perforation clusters have been shown (albeit with highly uncertain surveillance methods) to contribute little or no production. The fracture initiation and propagation process is very complex in shale; it is affected by in-situ stress, geomechanical heterogeneity, presence of natural fractures, and completion parameters. Close cluster spacing can provide enhanced well production; however, if the spacing is too close, stress shadowing among these clusters can actually induce higher stresses, creating fracture competition.

This paper presents an approach to the integration of these parameters through both state-of-the-art geological characterization and unconventional 3D hydraulic fracture modeling. We couple stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) models of in-situ natural fractures with a state-of-the art 3D unconventional fracture simulator. The modeled fracture geometry and associated conductivity is exported into a dynamic reservoir flow model, for production performance prediction. Calibrated toolkits and workflows, underpinned by integrated surveillance including distributed temperature and acoustic fiber optic sensing (DTS/DAS), are used to optimize horizontal well completions. A case study is presented which demonstrates the technical merits and economic benefits of using this multidisciplinary approach to completion optimization.
Analysis of Transient Linear Flow Associated with Hydraulically-Fractured Tight Oil Wells Exhibiting Multi-Phase Flow
Authors: Behmanesh H.. , Hamdi H.. , Clarkson C. R.
Published: February 2021

Hydraulically-fractured vertical and horizontal wells completed in the tight formations typically exhibit long periods of transient linear flow that may last many years or decades. From this transient linear flow period, the linear flow parameter (xf√k) may be extracted. However, changes in effective permeability to the oil phase during production, caused by wellbore pressure falling below the saturation pressure, affect the flow dynamics in tight oil reservoirs and complicate the analysis. The use of methods that assume single-phase flow properties, such as the square-root of time plot, can lead to significant errors in linear flow parameter estimates.

In this study, an analytical method is introduced to mathematically correct the slope of the square-root-of-time plot for the effects of multi-phase flow through the use of modified pseudovariables. Although the correction was derived for wells producing at constant flowing pressure during transient linear flow, the method is extended for wells producing at variable rate/flowing pressures. In order to evaluate pseudovariables used in the correction, the saturation-pressure relationship must be known. In this work, an analytical method for evaluating the saturation-pressure relationship is also developed.

The results of our new analytical method for linear flow analysis are validated against numerical simulation. The new method yields linear flow parameter estimates that are within 10% of those input into the numerical simulator.
Mukhaizna Steam Injectors Thermal Efficiency & Insulated tubing Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Shaibi Rashid Al
Published: February 2021

Occidental operates a steam flood project in Mukhaizna which is a giant deep heavy oil field in south Oman. Wellbore heat losses from steam injectors is one of the challenges that degrades the steam flood thermal efficiency for a deep reservoir. In addition, wellbore heat losses increase the thermal stress on the casing and lead to wellbore damage. In aim to reduce wellbore heat losses, insulated tubing was introduced and a Pilot was carried out to select the optimum insulated tubing product in the market. Ten Injectors were instrumented and completed with insulated tubing from four different vendors in addition to two bare strings used as a reference base line. Data were collected and evaluated in eight months period. Field thermal conductivity was obtained for the tested products using DTS temperature data from the outermost casing, the Thermocouples data from the tubing outer wall and temperature logs during injection in aid of a calibrated wellbore model. The conducted analysis and the field observations were sufficient to resolve the thermal performance between the tested products. This paper describes the Pilot configuration and the evaluation methodology. Analysis output and field observations are summarized and presented in addition to the raw data collected from the instruments and temperature logs.
Leveraging the Power of Historical Data and Already Emerged Technologies to Unlock the Unconventional Resources Potential in MENA Region
Authors: Sharma P.. , Khanapurkar P.N.. N. , Thakar A..
Published: February 2021

With worldwide increases in the demand for hydrocarbons, finding and developing unconventional resources has become a global necessity. Outside North America, shale gas discoveries have been made in recent years; however, significant commercial production has been limited to North America. Finding and developing unconventional resources outside North America is the next big challenge for the oil and gas industry.

Although the reported potential of unconventional gas resource volumes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is almost similar in size to that in the US, exploration and development of such resources is currently limited. Unconventional reservoirs have very different and distinct requirements from conventional reservoirs. The more “unconventional” a targeted resource, the more difficult it is to develop. Furthermore, for these difficult resources, highly specialized technologies have to be applied because of the unique requirements.

Key challenges specific to the MENA region include the following: Limited exposure to unconventional sources leads to lack of infrastructure and high cost.Reservoir characteristics (rock and fluid properties) and geomechanics.Implementation of directional/horizontal drilling and completion technologies suited for the region.

The most challenging aspect is using hydraulic fracturing (fluid availability and management, fracturing fluid and proppant selection, fracturing design, equipment) as it incurs the highest cost and deploys the maximum technological efforts. This paper highlights these associated challenges in developing unconventional resources and offers a potential approach to evaluate unconventional resources. Additionally, public data are reviewed and emerged technologies are used to unlock the potential of unconventional resources in MENA.

A major service company has exhaustive and varied data from different geographies and resource types captured in its MENA state-of-the-art data center. A potential approach is included that extrapolates historically available data relevant to directional drilling, fracture treatment design and analysis, and fluid management to MENA conditions to facilitate understanding and overcome challenges associated with unconventional resources.
Combined Application of Pressure Coring and Desorption Analysis for Barnett Shale Gas Evaluation
Authors: Cerri R.. , Di Martino S.. , Balossino P.. , Gioacchini L.. , Colombo I.. , Spelta E.. , Bartosek M.. , Bjorum M..
Published: February 2021

Shale gas reservoir quality evaluation is a technical challenge as conventional log interpretation methods and even core measurements may be inadequate or inaccurate. Only through a robust integration of core and logs data, a reliable estimation of the gas in place can be obtained and the interval with the best petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics (sweet spot) identified.

Total GIIP estimation is derived from core and log analyses and can be complemented by measuring desorbed gas from selected core samples. Total gas content is the combination of measured and estimated gas components: lost gas, desorbed gas and residual gas. Lost gas is the most critical component being usually extrapolated from desorbed data to time zero using linear and/or polynomial curve fitting.

Total gas can now be directly measured by using a new controlled pressure coring technology able to capture a full sized core and retain all the hydrocarbons contained in the rock, eliminating gasses and/or liquids lost during conventional coring techniques.

The characterization of the lower Barnett Shale described in this paper was achieved by coring the whole sequence: several samples from conventional cores were taken for desorption analysis and three pressure cores were placed to target the main shale facies identified from the integrated reservoir model.

Core gas data from both desorption and pressure coring were integrated for a more reliable total gas estimation; consistent relationships among handling time, gas content and method used for deriving lost gas were also observed. Obtained total gas values were in good agreement with calculated gas volumes from logs.

In addition, the combined application of pressure coring and desorption analysis in the Barnett Shale has allowed to improve well site procedures for optimal core data acquisition and to define the best approach for a robust shale gas evaluation.
The Impact of Nanoparticles Adsorption and Transport on Wettability Alteration of Intermediate Wet Berea Sandstone
Authors: Li Shidong , Torsæter Ole
Published: February 2021

Nanoparticles as part of nanotechnology have drawn the attention for its great potential of increasing oil recovery. From authors' previous studies (Li et al., 2013a), wettability alteration was proposed as one of the main Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) mechanisms for nanoparticles fluid, as adsorption of nanoparticles on pore walls leads to wettability alteration of reservoir. We conducted a series of wettability measurement experiments for aged intermediate-wet Berea sandstone, where the core plugs were treated by different concentration and type of nanoparticles fluid. Nanoparticles transport experiments also were performed for core plugs with injection of varying concentration and type of nanoparticles fluid. Pressure drop across the core plug during injection was recorded to evaluate nanoparticles adsorption and retention inside core, as well as desorption during brine postflush. Both hydrophilic silica nano-structure particles and hydrophilic silica colloidal nanoparticles were utilized in above two experiments.

The results of wettability alteration experiments indicated that hydrophilic nanoparticles have ability of making intermediate-wet Berea sandstone to be more water wet, and basically the higher concentration the more water wet will be. And different type of nanoparticles has different effect on the wettability alteration process. For nanoparticles transport experiments, the results showed that the nanoparticles undergo both adsorption and desorption as well as retention during injection. Pressure drop curves showed that absorption and retention of nano-structure particles inside core was significant while colloidal nanoparticles did not adsorb much. Permeability impairment was observed during nano-structure particles fluid injection, but on the contrary colloidal nanoparticles dispersion injection made core more permeable.