bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative and Storytelling
Authors: Krizek Robert L.
Published: March 2017

Narrative is a linguistic framework that for centuries has garnered the attention of both scholars and literary humanists alike. This interest in narrative and its associated practice of storytelling is rooted in the belief that stories, the material manifestations of storytelling, provide context for actions and reasons. This entry begins by tracking the development of narrative theory, beginning with Plato and Aristotle before moving to the contributions of more contemporary rhetoricians, philosophers, and organizational scholars. Definitions of key concepts including narrative structures, narrative, story, and storytelling come next. After these terms are defined there is a discussion of noteworthy formative and contemporary manuscripts in organizational communication that present narrative research. The entry ends with a discussion of future directions for narrative research in organizational contexts.
Nonprofit/Nongovernmental Organizations
Authors: Isbell Matthew G. , Sanders Matthew L. , Koschmann Matthew A.
Published: March 2017

Nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations have long played a significant role in the development of democratic societies and the promotion of the common good. Nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations are distinct in both form and function, as they privately pursue a social mission noncoercively and with potentially unclear lines of ownership. A growing body of organizational communication research in this area addresses a variety of theoretical and practical concerns including membership, governance, fundraising, social capital, and collaboration. This research expands our theoretical understanding of nonprofit organizing as well as organizational communication more generally.
Office Politics
Authors: McKendree Amanda G.
Published: March 2017

Office politics are the patterns of rules, customs, behaviors, and practices that form over time within an organization. Although some organizational cultures promote them more than others, most organizations are prone to office politics. They are pervasive within organizations because of competition. Scarcity of resources leads individuals to challenge organizational processes that include decision and policy making, goal setting, and resource distribution. As individuals or departments compete for limited resources, behaviors – both perceived and real – influence office politics. This entry covers the level and dimensions used to assess office politics, the perspectives drawn upon, strands of research, and future directions.
Culture, Organizational
Authors: Keyton Joann
Published: March 2017

The development of organizational culture as a field of study is first described historically, and then specifically within the communication discipline. The history highlights the role of discourse in the study of organizational culture, and how communication scholars contest a management approach to the study of organizational culture. Definitional features and characteristics of organizational culture are summarized, including artifacts, values, and assumption, as well as the relationship of subcultures to culture. Lenses for studying organizational culture are described, as are the methods scholars have selected for their studies of organizational culture.
Organizational Identity
Authors: Wieland Stacey M. B.
Published: March 2017

Although what is meant by organizational identity varies, the term
organizational identity
generally refers to how those associated with an organization answer the question “Who are we as an organization?” As such, the concept is primarily used to interrogate how stakeholders who see themselves as making up the organization (e.g., employees) construct a collective sense of self. Organizational communication scholarship has approached organizational identity in three primary ways: (1) as a resource for individual identity; (2) as a collective sense of self that enables interpretation and action; and (3) as external stakeholders' interpretations of who the organization is.
Participation
Authors: Steimel Sarah
Published: March 2017

Participation is generally theorized as a form of joint decision making between employees and employers in organizations on workplace issues traditionally considered to be the responsibility of management. Overall, participation has moderate but demonstrable effects on both employee morale and employee productivity. Participation can take many forms, based in part on the philosophies underlying the forms of participation, the objectives that are sought, and the levels of power attributed to management and to employees based on those variations. Participation programs also generate paradoxes and tensions which enable and constrain employee empowerment.
Policy Communication
Authors: Canary Heather E. , Taylor Julie L.
Published: March 2017

Policy communication includes a variety of processes, channels, and stakeholders. This entry provides an overview of what organizational policy communication studies include and exclude. Major dimensions of policy communication are described. Several theoretical perspectives are discussed that have been used to guide studies of policy communication. Main research focuses of policy communication studies are summarized before suggestions are provided for future studies of organizational policy communication.
Positive Organizational Communication Scholarship
Authors: Lutgen‐Sandvik Pamela
Published: March 2017

Positive organizational communication (POC) scholarship focuses on how language, interaction, and socially constructed meaning contribute to especially positive processes and outcomes in human organizing. POC, an iteration of positive organizational scholarship (POS), is the scientific pursuit to understand the various forces – processes, human traits, organizational functions, motivations, goals, effects, and outcomes – that contribute to positivity in organizational contexts. Three terms comprise POS:
positive
, to highlight affirmative, enriching, and generative processes, outcomes, and forces;
organizational
to delineate the scope of study as human organizing; and
scholarship
to indicate the social scientific basis for POS claims, theories, and ideas. POC adds the term
communication,
to demarcate its foci – the ways humans use and understand language to create various social structures, meanings, and processes. One of the central ideas in POC is that human interaction and humans' responses to those interactions are rooted discourses – historical and cultural systems guiding norms, beliefs, and meanings of language use.
Postcolonial Approaches
Authors: Munshi Debashish , Broadfoot Kirsten J. , Hall Maurice L.
Published: March 2017

Postcolonial approaches provide an alternative way of looking at mainstream constructs and processes of organization and organizing. Drawing on the work of literary and cultural studies scholars as well as that of novelists, artists, and activists who resisted colonization and imperialism, postcolonial approaches interrogate the overt and covert colonialist tendencies in contemporary organizations. This entry outlines the insights gained from postcolonial scholarship to resist and challenge structures of neocolonial power in theory as well as in practice. It focuses on hybrid spaces of organization and organizing created in the encounters between the colonizer and the colonized, amplifies voices marginalized by dominant organizational discourses, and points to the ways in which indigenous forms of knowing, being, and speaking can inform understandings of organization in a multicultural world.
Power
Authors: Murphy Alexandra
Published: March 2017

Scholarship in organizational communication and power often focuses on the use and abuse of power in contemporary organizations as well as the tactics used by individuals to obtain and/or resist dominant power structures. Some approaches look at power and how it can be seen as existing in the social arrangements and actions that structure organizational life. Others explore how power is constituted and reproduced through symbolic language and communication, often resulting in dominating social systems.
Privacy and Secrecy
Authors: Bean Hamilton
Published: March 2017

Privacy has been defined as a state of being free from the observation or disturbance of other people. Secrecy has been defined as the intentional concealment of information from others. Whether official/unofficial in form, or major/trivial in their expression and consequence, privacy and secrecy are coexisting and symbiotic enactments of the impulse to control the knowledge or behaviors of other people; both terms gain meaning in relation to permitting or restricting other people's awareness or observations. As concepts that can generate intense emotional energy, privacy and secrecy evoke competing, conflicting, or contradictory cultural values that are articulated, performed, and contested in communication. Increasingly, organizational communication theory and research investigates how in withholding or obscuring information, organizations and their individual members are simultaneously engaging in social processes of individual or group identity construction.
Reputation
Authors: Carroll Craig E.
Published: March 2017

Reputation is a part of the rhetorical exigencies faced by most organizations for a wide variety of phenomena. This entry summarizes the various linkages between organizational reputation and communication, focusing primarily on the role played by communication in the definitions and dimensions of reputation, its antecedents and consequences, its measurement and modeling, and reputation management. The entry identifies major developments in the programs of research on reputation and suggests new directions for future communication research.
Rhetorical Approaches
Authors: Bonewits Feldner Sarah
Published: March 2017

Rhetorical approaches to organizational communication address the persuasive communication of organizations. Scholars who view organizational communication through a rhetorical lens argue that rhetoric is inherently organizational and organizations are inherently rhetorical. Rhetorical theory provides a means of considering the ways organizations garner support from stakeholder groups through the use of structured argument. Beyond employing rhetorical theory and criticism, the rhetorical impulse provides a framework for understanding how organizations themselves are rhetorical structures. Both perspectives create future work that focuses on the relationships between organizational society and the ways technology impacts how organizations craft rhetorical arguments.
Risk Communication
Authors: Rowan Katherine E.
Published: March 2017

Risk communication, a multidisciplinary academic field, examines the tensions in sharing meaning about physical hazards such as genetically modified food, toxic waste, bioterrorism, or automobile accidents. A core challenge is that the hazards that upset people may not be those that kill them, and those that kill them may not be the most upsetting. Given these and other difficulties, there is considerable research on how to support stakeholders in managing physical hazards. Research has identified five predictable obstacles and evidence based steps for addressing these challenges. This analysis is offered in Katherine Rowan's CAUSE model of risk communication, which highlights key findings and suggests directions for further research.
Scientific Management
Authors: Carlone David
Published: March 2017

Scientific management advocates a rational, objective approach to the management of labor. The approach identifies managers as those responsible for studying, designing, and assessing the work of employees. Organizational communication scholars have engaged with this tradition of management through a focus on its problems, such as its narrow conception of communication and its separation of knowing from doing, and employee resistance of such practices. Communication scholars have also questioned the overemphasis on rationality and efficiency present in the practice of scientific management.
Sexual Harassment
Authors: Dougherty Debbie S. , McCormack Molly
Published: March 2017

Sexual harassment within organizations is a persistent and destructive communication problem. Sexual harassment is a complex phenomenon with ties to issues of gender, power, and the culture of the organization. By acknowledging the issue of sexual harassment on three levels, organizational, individual, and observer, organizations can better manage sexual harassment.
Silence
Authors: Clair Robin P.
Published: March 2017

Silence was once devalued as the empty space between words, but today many scholars across various fields and especially in organizational communication consider silence an expressive, vital, communicative phenomenon. Specifically, researchers consider silence to be intertwined with discourse and a major contributor to the origin of institutions. Furthermore, scholars today explore silence as having an organizing capacity, as being charged with power (oppressive and or emancipatory), and related to voice in organizational life. Finally, and most recently, scholars are exploring the positive characteristics of silence.
Social Construction of Communication Technology
Authors: Fulk Janet , Connie Yuan Y.
Published: March 2017

This entry presents a brief overview of the development of social constructionist theory as adopted by the organizational communication discipline when studying technology use in organizations. The discussion begins with a summary of the major ideas in technological determinism, a paradigm to which social constructionist thinking responds. The major sections review seven theoretical traditions: social construction of technology, large technological systems, actor–network theory, technology as occasion for structuring, adaptive structuration theory, social influence theory, and sociomateriality theory. Throughout the discussion the entry focuses on contextualizing theories in the historical contexts in which they were developed, including the contexts of both technologies and theories of the time. Critiques of the theories and responses to critiques are discussed. The chapter concludes with an overview of a series of contributions of the social constructionist paradigm as a whole, as exemplified by these particular theories, and also suggests guidelines for future research in this area.
Social Support
Authors: Boren Justin P.
Published: March 2017

Social support refers to the perception that resources are available from others, especially during times of difficulty. This entry explores the history, components, structure, function, and outcomes of social support. The main effects, buffering, and job demands–resources models are described, as are two challenges to social support: co‐rumination and communicatively restricted organizational stress. Finally, compassionate communication is described and linked to social support.
Stakeholder Communication
Authors: Koschmann Matthew A. , Kopczynski Jared
Published: March 2017

Stakeholder communication is understood within the larger context of stakeholder theory that has been developed primarily in the management literature. The central claim of stakeholder theory is that firms exist within a broad system of interdependent relationships among other organizations and constituents, and therefore should be managed in the interest of all groups and individuals who can affect or be affected by the firm. Stakeholder communication thus involves any process of interaction or information exchange with relevant people, groups, organizations, or broader constituencies in order to manage stakeholder relationships.
Strategic Communication
Authors: Frandsen Finn , Johansen Winni
Published: March 2017

The concept of strategic communication has recently gained popularity among practitioners as well as academics leading to the formulation of a new approach to the study of communicative practices of organizations. This entry presents the foundational assumptions of this new approach including some of the most important lines of development in the understanding of strategy within the field of management and organization studies. Strategic communication can learn from these lines of development.
Strategic Planning
Authors: Kryger Aggerholm Helle , Thomsen Christa
Published: March 2017

This entry describes strategic planning as a pervasive practice in modern organizations and as an academic field, one which has evolved from the classical, rational model of strategic planning to recent empirical work on integration, coordination, and communication as intermediate outcomes. The entry examines changes over time in strategic planning as well as some of the key concepts in the field.
Stress
Authors: Fonner Kathryn L. , Fetherston Michelle
Published: March 2017

Work related stress has gained considerable attention of researchers in recent decades. In general, stress has been examined as a stimulus (stressor), as a psychological, behavioral, or physical response (strain), and as a dynamic transaction between the individual and the environment. This essay highlights historical and contemporary approaches to studying work related stress, including key theories, causes of stress, outcomes associated with stress, and issues related to coping with stress.
Symbolic Convergence Theory
Authors: Olumide Olufowote James
Published: March 2017

Symbolic convergence theory (SCT) is a communication centered theory that resonates with time‐tested organizational communication foci such as narratives and storytelling, shared and collective meanings, rhetoric, and the grapple with the relationship between little “d” and big “D” discourse. This entry on SCT contextualizes it in the broader history of communication studies, remembers its central ideas, explains its resonance with organizational communication studies, identifies organizational communication criticisms of SCT, discusses how organizational communication theories can improve SCT, examines how a reformulated SCT is influencing organizational communication studies, and considers future directions for SCT based works.
Technology–Organization Relationship
Authors: Barley William C.
Published: March 2017

The relationship between technologies and organizations has been the subject of considerable scholarly attention and debate for the better part of a century. This entry reviews three dominant theoretical approaches to the technology–organization relationship that have emerged during this period: technological determinist accounts, social constructivist accounts, and those seeking a middle ground between the two. By presenting these perspectives chronologically, the entry also illustrates the shifting role played by communication processes in theories of technology and organization. It closes with a summary of topics of current empirical and theoretical interest to scholars of technology and organizations.
Time
Authors: Ballard Dawna I.
Published: March 2017

Time
in organizational life refers to the various symbolic, external markers – such as clocks, schedules, appointments, and deadlines – that point toward work related activities or events. Relatedly, organizational
temporality
refers to the inherent patterns that define a process, activity, or event and imbue it with meaning and relevance for organizational members. Basic aspects of organizing, such as team development, member socialization, and group process, as well as structural dynamics like the use of virtual teams and teleworking, all reflect a concern with temporal processes.
Training and Development
Authors: Dewine Sue , Eicholtz Mary M. , White‐Mills Kim
Published: March 2017

Training and development are processes that lead to change in individual organizational members for the primary benefit of the organization. These processes are distinct from consulting, which helps decision makers arrive at those same goals. Training and development as well as consulting are functions for communication specialists. In this entry, the major dimensions are described. Needs assessment, technology and training, approaches to training, evaluation of training programs, and adult learning and professional development are addressed. Training as a career in organizational communication is described.
Interpreting and Translation
Authors: Kent Stephanie Jo , Kappen Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2017

People in organizations are increasingly working with others who are fluent in different languages, yet the use of simultaneous interpretation is underutilized and understudied. There are three key areas related to this field of human interaction: interpreting studies, translation studies, and international management. Concerns about control of the communication process tend to lead organizations to seek homolingual solutions; however, pluralingualism is a legitimate alternative organizing process. Homolingualism (use of only one language) and pluralingualism (adapting to the use of more than one language) are described as distinct types of organizational practice that involve linguascaping.
Trust
Authors: Gill Matthew J.
Published: March 2017

Trust is a fundamental aspect of social interaction and modern organizations but it is fragile and often elusive. It has cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions that are based in communication and dependent on social context. It is the expectation that an individual will act in a manner consistent with positive outcomes for the trustor, even though the trustor is vulnerable to the possibility of harm and uncertain of the outcome. There are six bases of trust in organizational settings that attempt to explain the conditions and contexts that promote trust: dispositional trust, history based trust, third parties as conduits of trust, category based trust, role based trust, and rule based trust.
Voice
Authors: Dempsey Sarah E.
Published: March 2017

Voice
is a complicated topic, implicated in issues of status, belonging, and even the very constitution of the self, others, and the world. The concept of voice takes on varied and multiple meanings for organizational communication scholars. Researchers draw upon different traditions, methodological orientations, and philosophical approaches. Several key lines of research include: functionalist approaches to employee voice, a focus on the triangle of voice–exit–loyalty, critical conceptions emphasizing power and resistance, and participatory and democratic forms. Across studies, there exists a consistent focus on the status of employee voice, including how employee voice is limited or expanded, and how voice impacts the employee and the organization. Research can be compared based on the extent to which studies focus on employee voice in the context of an organization, or broaden the analysis to take up questions of voice set within broader political economies of capitalism. Research also differs on the extent to which the grounds for employee voice is linked to a progressive vision consisting of participative, feminist, and democratic ideals.
Work–Life Balance
Authors: Kirby Erika L.
Published: March 2017

Communication studies research on work–life balance takes a constitutive approach that communication constitutes work–life enactments, and that work–life enactments differ based on economic systems, political landscapes, gender ideologies, cultural values and attitudes, history, and governmental support. This research spans from broad studies of societal constructs such as ideal workers and gendered norms, to organizational constructs such as work–life “cultures” and policies, to interpersonal studies of how individuals communicate about their working and personal lives with supervisors, coworkers, partners, and children, to examining individual negotiations of boundaries, routines, and identity related to (paid) work and personal life.
Bullying in the Workplace
Authors: Cowan Renee L. , Bochantin Jaime E.
Published: March 2017

This entry discusses workplace bullying, a type of aggression characterized by negative verbal and nonverbal communication that is repeated, systematic, and results in negative effects for those involved as well as the organizations in which bullying takes place. Several key areas of bullying research are highlighted, including studies on the actors in these situations, pertinent theory, laws and policies meant to address bullying, and future research.
Corruption and Organizational Communication
Authors: Hansen Hans Krause
Published: March 2017

Corruption research is cross‐disciplinary and focuses on the violation of rules and norms for individual or organizational benefit and at the cost of wider publics, as epitomized by corporate payment of illegal bribes to public officials with the goal of gaining a contract. Corruption research is both microscopic and macroscopic and is subject to conceptual and methodological challenges with respect to empirical investigation. It generally aims to understand the dynamics whereby individuals and organizations engage in corruption, the implications of corruption at the individual, organizational, and societal levels, as well as how corruption is and can be responded to through public scandals and more elaborate communicative strategies of corruption control, or anti‐corruption. A focus on corruption and corruption control provides organizational communication scholars with entry points to explore the powerful communicative dynamics playing out between the local organizational meanings of particular practices and externally imposed definitions of what constitutes appropriate organizational behavior.
Quantitative Methods
Authors: Adame Elissa A. , Bisel Ryan S.
Published: March 2017

Quantitative methods refer to the systematic collection and analysis of numerically expressed data. While quantitative methods are less common in contemporary organizational communication than qualitative methods, quantitative methods are no less important in producing new knowledge in the field of study. The entry presents an overview of quantitative methods in organizational communication research. The information is not meant to be comprehensive but rather to highlight the foundational concepts in quantitative organizational communication.
Space, Organizational
Authors: Wilhoit Elizabeth D.
Published: March 2017

All organizations are located somewhere, making space a fundamental aspect of organizations. Particularly as workspaces are changing and organizations are increasingly adopting open offices, hotdesking, or other alternative spatial arrangements, organizational scholars are seeking to understand how space affects organizations and organizational processes. Organizational space has been studied from three perspectives: material space as a context for organizations, socially constructed space as created by organizational stakeholders, and space as constitutive of and constituted by organizations. Although organizational communication has not considered organizational space as extensively as related disciplines, there are many opportunities for communication research on this topic.
Domain Pinning: Comparison of Hafnia and PZT Based Ferroelectrics
Authors: Fengler Franz P. G. , Pešić Milan , Starschich Sergej , Schneller Theodor , Künneth Christopher , Böttger Ulrich , Mulaosmanovic Halid , Schenk Tony , Park Min Hyuk , Nigon Robin , Muralt Paul , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe
Published: March 2017

Even though many studies on the field cycling behavior of ferroelectric hafnium oxide have recently been published, the issue is still not fully understood. The initial increase of polarization during first cycles is explained by different theoretical and empirical approaches. Field‐induced phase changes as well as oxygen vacancy diffusion from interfacial layers toward the bulk are discussed. Trapped charges as well as the mentioned oxygen vacancy diffusion might cause a shift of the hysteresis along the voltage axis called imprint. Even though various studies connect this effect to charge diffusion with progression of cycling, a final experimental proof for the origin of wake‐up and imprint is still missing. Based on the comprehensive comparative study of hafnia–zirconia and iron‐doped lead zirconate titanate ferroelectrics, it is verified that the diffusion of oxygen vacancies is the main cause for both imprint and wake‐up. Moreover, it is shown that a local seed inhibition of ferroelectric domains is most likely responsible for the reduced ferroelectric response in pristine state.
Stabilization of Li Metal Anode in DMSO‐Based Electrolytes via Optimization of Salt–Solvent Coordination for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Bin , Xu Wu , Yan Pengfei , Kim Sun Tai , Engelhard Mark H. , Sun Xiuliang , Mei Donghai , Cho Jaephil , Wang Chong‐Min , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: March 2017

The conventional electrolyte of 1 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is unstable against the Li metal anode and therefore cannot be used directly in practical Li–O2 batteries. Here, we demonstrate that a highly concentrated electrolyte based on LiTFSI in DMSO (with a molar ratio of 1:3) can greatly improve the stability of the Li metal anode against DMSO and significantly improve the cycling stability of Li–O2 batteries. This highly concentrated electrolyte contains no free DMSO solvent molecules, but only complexes of (TFSI−)aLi+(DMSO)b (where a + b = 4), and thus enhances their stability with Li metal anodes. In addition, such salt–solvent complexes have higher Gibbs activation energy barriers than the free DMSO solvent molecules, indicating improved stability of the electrolyte against the attack of superoxide radical anions. Therefore, the stability of this highly concentrated electrolyte at both Li metal anodes and carbon‐based air electrodes has been greatly enhanced, resulting in improved cycling performance of Li–O2 batteries. The fundamental stability of the electrolyte in the absence of free‐solvent against the chemical and electrochemical reactions can also be used to enhance the stability of other electrochemical systems.
Towards the Total Synthesis of Gedunin: Construction of the Fully Elaborated ABC Ring System
Authors: Pinkerton David M. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Savage G. Paul , Williams Craig M.
Published: March 2017

The widely occurring tetranortriterpene natural product gedunin has a well‐established range of important biological properties. Although this molecule has received substantial semi‐synthetic attention from medicinal chemists, it has not received devoted de novo synthetic attention since it was first isolated in 1960. A key feature of the approach presented herein was the decision to utilize a Robinson annulation reaction, which facilitated the installation of the challenging 7‐acetoxy functional group and the completion of the fully functionalized ABC ring system.
Does positive airway pressure therapy improve olfactory function?
Authors: Koseoğlu Sabri , Derin Serhan , Yilmaz Mustafa , Kutlu Gulnihal , Sahan Murat
Published: March 2017

Background

Olfactory function deteriorates in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on olfactory function has not been investigated before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PAP therapy on olfactory impairment in patients with OSAS.

Methods

Thirty patients who had OSAS and planned for PAP therapy were included in the study. All participants underwent a detailed otorhinolaryngological examination and polysomnography. The “Sniffin’ Sticks” test was used for the analysis of olfactory function. The participants underwent the smell test before the PAP therapy, and about 3 months after the therapy. Pretreatment and posttreatment results were compared.

Results

The pretreatment and the posttreatment apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) were 57.6 ± 29.8/hour and 9.5 ± 7.9/hour, respectively. Odor threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), odor identification (OI), and threshold‐discrimination‐identification (TDI) scores significantly increased after PAP therapy (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The pretreatment and posttreatment total TDI scores were 28.48 ± 4.71 and 32.50 ± 3.88, respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates olfactory dysfunction in patients with OSAS. We achieved a significant improvement in olfactory function of patients with OSAS after PAP therapy. Further studies are needed to illuminate the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in OSAS, and the role of PAP therapy on olfactory improvement.
On Convergence of Volterra Series Expansion of a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Jing Xingjian , Xiao Zhenlong
Published: March 2017

A fundamental issue in conducting the analysis and design of a nonlinear system via Volterra series theory is how to ensure the excitation magnitude and/or model parameters will be in the appropriate range such that the nonlinear system has a convergent Volterra series expansion. To this aim, parametric convergence bounds of Volterra series expansion of nonlinear systems described by a NARX model, which can reveal under what excitation magnitude or within what parameter range a given NARX system is able to have a convergent Volterra series expansion subject to any given input signal, are investigated systematically in this paper. The existing bound results often are given as a function of the maximum input magnitude, which could be suitable for single‐tone harmonic inputs but very conservative for complicated inputs (e.g. multi‐tone or arbitrary inputs). In this study, the output response of nonlinear systems is expressed in a closed form, which is not only determined by the input magnitude but also related to the input energy or waveform. These new techniques result in more accurate bound criteria, which are not only functions of model parameters and the maximum input magnitude but also consider a factor reflecting the overall input energy or wave form. This is significant to practical applications, since the same nonlinear system could exhibit chaotic behavior subject to a simple single‐tone input but might not with respect to other different input signals (e.g. multi‐tone inputs) of the same input magnitude. The results provide useful guidance for the application of Volterra series‐based theory and methods from an engineering point of view. The Duffing equation is used as a benchmark example to show the effectiveness of the results.
A multi‐observatory database of X‐ray pulsars in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Yang J. , Laycock S. G. T. , Drake J. J. , Coe M. J. , Fingerman S. , Hong J. , Antoniou V. , Zezas A.
Published: March 2017

Using hundreds of XMM‐Newton and Chandra archival observations and nearly a thousand RXTE observations, we have generated a comprehensive library of the known pulsars in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC). The pulsars are detected multiple times across the full parameter spaces of X‐ray luminosity (LX = 1031 − 38 erg s− 1) and spin period (P < 1 s to P > 1,000 s), and the library enables time‐domain studies at a range of energy scales. The high time resolution and sensitivity of the European Photon Imaging cameras are complemented by the angular resolution of Chandra and the regular monitoring of RXTE. Our processing pipeline uses the latest calibration files and software to generate a suite of useful products for each pulsar detection: event lists, high‐time‐resolution light curves, periodograms, spectra, and complete histories of , the pulsed fraction, and so on, in the broad (0.2–12 keV), soft (0.2–2 keV), and hard (2–12 keV) energy bands. After combining the observations from these telescopes, we found that 27 pulsars show long‐term spin up and 24 long‐term spin down. We also used the faintest and brightest sources to map out the lower and upper boundaries of accretion‐powered X‐ray emission: the propeller line and the Eddington line, respectively. We are in the process of comparing the observed pulse profiles to geometric models of X‐ray emission in order to constrain the physical parameters of the pulsars. Finally, we are preparing a public release of the library so that it can be used by others in the astronomical community.
Enhancement of the Dispersion of Asphaltenes in Heavy Crude Oil by the Addition of Poly(Butylene Succinic Anhydride)‐based Dispersants
Authors: Son Jeong‐Mae , Shin Jihoon , Yang Youngdo , Kim Joon‐Seop , Kim Young‐Wun
Published: March 2017

In this work, two sets of dispersants based on poly(butylene succinic anhydride) reacted with various alkylamines and poly(ethyleneamine)s were prepared to enhance the dispersion properties of asphaltenes in heavy crude oil. It was found that the dispersants containing poly(ethyleneamine) moieties showed better dispersion properties than those containing alkylamine moieties. In addition, it was also observed that the dispersion of the asphaltenes was improved by the increase in the length of the ethyleneamine chain. Thus, it was proposed that the functional groups of the dispersant interacted with those of the asphaltenes to form complexes, by which the asphaltene aggregation would be interrupted. Furthermore, the dispersants containing comparable amounts of amide and imide forms exhibited better dispersion, but the dispersants containing salt form showed less effective dispersion. This might be possibly due to the ionic interactions between the salt form dispersants.
White matter connections of the inferior parietal lobule: A study of surgical anatomy
Authors: Burks Joshua D. , Boettcher Lillian B. , Conner Andrew K. , Glenn Chad A. , Bonney Phillip A. , Baker Cordell M. , Briggs Robert G. , Pittman Nathan A. , O'Donoghue Daniel L. , Wu Dee H. , Sughrue Michael E.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Interest in the function of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) has resulted in increased understanding of its involvement in visuospatial and cognitive functioning, and its role in semantic networks. A basic understanding of the nuanced white‐matter anatomy in this region may be useful in improving outcomes when operating in this region of the brain. We sought to derive the surgical relationship between the IPL and underlying major white‐matter bundles by characterizing macroscopic connectivity.

Methods

Data of 10 healthy adult controls from the Human Connectome Project were used for tractography analysis. All IPL connections were mapped in both hemispheres, and distances were recorded between cortical landmarks and major tracts. Ten postmortem dissections were then performed using a modified Klingler technique to serve as ground truth.

Results

We identified three major types of connections of the IPL. (1) Short association fibers connect the supramarginal and angular gyri, and connect both of these gyri to the superior parietal lobule. (2) Fiber bundles from the IPL connect to the frontal lobe by joining the superior longitudinal fasciculus near the termination of the Sylvian fissure. (3) Fiber bundles from the IPL connect to the temporal lobe by joining the middle longitudinal fasciculus just inferior to the margin of the superior temporal sulcus.

Conclusions

We present a summary of the relevant anatomy of the IPL as part of a larger effort to understand the anatomic connections of related networks. This study highlights the principle white‐matter pathways and highlights key underlying connections.
Antioxidant effect of thiazolidine molecules in cell culture media improves stability and performance
Authors: Kuschelewski Jennifer , Schnellbaecher Alisa , Pering Sascha , Wehsling Maria , Zimmer Aline
Published: March 2017

The ability of cell culture media components to generate reactive species as well as their sensitivity to oxidative degradation, affects the overall stability of media and the behavior of cells cultured in vitro. This study investigates the influence of thiazolidine molecules, formed from the condensation between cysteine and alpha‐ketoacids, on the stability of these complex mixtures and on the performance of cell culture processes aiming to produce therapeutically relevant monoclonal antibodies. Results presented in this study indicate that 2‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid and 2‐(2‐carboxyethyl)−1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid, obtained by condensation of cysteine with pyruvate or alpha‐ketoglutarate, respectively, are able to stabilize cell culture media formulations, in particular redox sensitive molecules like folic acid, thiamine, l‐methionine (met) and l‐tryptophan (trp). The use of thiazolidine containing feeds in Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch processes showed prolonged culture duration and increased productivity. This enhanced performance was correlated with lower reactive species generation, extracellularly and intracellularly. Moreover, an anti‐oxidative response was triggered via the induction of superoxide dismutase and an increase in the total glutathione pool, the major intracellular antioxidant. In total, the results confirm that cells in vitro are not cultured in an oxidant‐free environment, a concept that has to be considered when studying the influence of reactive species in human diseases. Furthermore, this study indicates that thiazolidines are an interesting class of antioxidant molecules, capable of increasing cell culture media stability and process performance. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:759–770, 2017
Insecticidal Activity of the Leaf Essential Oil ofPeperomia borbonensisMiq. (Piperaceae) and Its Major Components against the Melon FlyBactrocera cucurbitae(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Dorla Emmanuelle , Gauvin‐Bialecki Anne , Deuscher Zoé , Allibert Agathe , Grondin Isabelle , Deguine Jean‐Philippe , Laurent Philippe
Published: March 2017

The essential oil from the leaves ofPeperomia borbonensisfrom Réunion Island was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized usingGC‐FID,GC/MSandNMR. The main components were myristicin (39.5%) and elemicin (26.6%). The essential oil (EO) ofPeperomia borbonensisand its major compounds (myristicin and elemicin), pure or in a mixture, were evaluated for their insecticidal activity againstBactrocera cucurbitae(Diptera: Tephritidae) using a filter paper impregnated bioassay. The concentrations necessary to kill 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) of the flies in three hours were determined. TheLC50value was 0.23 ± 0.009 mg/cm2and theLC90value was 0.34 ± 0.015 mg/cm2for theEO. The median lethal time (LT50) was determined to compare the toxicity ofEOand the major constituents. TheEOwas the most potent insecticide (LT50 = 98 ± 2 min), followed by the mixture of myristicin and elemicin (1.4:1) (LT50 = 127 ± 2 min) indicating that the efficiency of theEOis potentiated by minor compounds and emphasizing one of the major assets ofEOs against pure molecules.
Superior orbitectomy and chemotherapy in a dog with frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Steinmetz Andrea
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

A superior orbitectomy can be a challenging but accomplishable surgical option in dogs with a tumor which involves the dorsal bony part of the orbit. The procedure described in this report can be vision‐sparing and life prolonging even in a case of an aggressive growing frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma.
Green urine
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Leghrouz Muhannad
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Methylene blue is used to assess the integrity of the bowel and may cause self‐limiting bluish or greenish hue to the urine. Green urine is also caused by medications such as propofol and infections such as pseudomonas. Knowledge of the benign nature of this condition prevents unnecessary consultations and anxiety.
Life‐threatening and life‐saving inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks
Authors: Pérez‐Rodon Jordi , Doiny David , Miranda Berta , Rivas‐Gandara Nuria , Roca‐Luque Ivo , Francisco‐Pascual Jaume , Lidón Rosa Maria , García‐Dorado David , Moya Mitjans Angel
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead dislodgement into the right atrium is a dangerous situation, particularly in patients in atrial fibrillation because atrial fibrillation can be sensed as ventricular fibrillation and true ventricular fibrillation induced with an inappropriate shock. In the presence of shocks, ICD interrogation should be performed as soon as possible.
Understanding the Researcher Identity Development of Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students
Authors: Lamar Margaret R. , Helm Heather M.
Published: March 2017

Counselor education and supervision (CES) doctoral students play an important role in contributing to knowledge in the counseling profession. CES doctoral students were interviewed to explore their researcher identity, a unique self‐concept that possibly includes research self‐efficacy and interest. Issues critical to facilitating researcher identity development included confidence, the researcher voice, faculty support, and opportunities for research.
Electrochemical Doping as a Way to Enhance Water Photooxidation on Nanostructured Nickel Titanate and Anatase Electrodes
Authors: Díez‐García María Isabel , Monllor‐Satoca Damián , Vinoth Victor , Anandan Sambandam , Lana‐Villarreal Teresa
Published: March 2017

A number of metal oxides have been proposed as useful materials for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of hydrogen from water. However, up to now, an ideal standalone material has not been found. We have investigated the possible use of nickel titanate (NiTiO3) nanorods as a photoanode. Although these electrodes absorb visible light, they show a modest PEC behavior. Interestingly, the photocurrent for water oxidation undergoes a 30‐fold enhancement after an optimized reductive electrochemical pretreatment. Here, the induced doping is studied and compared with the corresponding for anatase nanoporous electrodes. The results reveal the key role of the electrolyte pH as well as the size of the electrode building blocks. The photocurrent promotion upon the electrochemical pretreatment can be ascribed to an enhanced charge transport linked to the ability of proton insertion in the crystal structure.
Die enantiomeren Carvone von Krause Minze und Kümmel
Authors: Titus Juliane , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter
Published: March 2017

(R)‐(–)‐Carvon ist das Leitaroma von Krause Minze. (S)‐(+)‐Carvon dominiert den Geschmack von Echtem Kümmel. Ein sensorischer Unterschied zwischen Enantiomeren ist rational erklärbar. Hier ist er besonders markant. Beide Pflanzen haben alte Spuren in unserer Kultur hinterlassen. Diese zum chiral pool gehörenden Monoterpenketone sind nützliche Ausgangsstoffe für die Synthese komplexerer chiraler Naturstoffe. (S)‐(+)‐Carvon wurde durch fraktionierte Vakuumdestillation aus Kümmelöl gewonnen. (R)‐(–)‐Carvon erforderte nach der Destillation von Krause Minze‐Öl noch eine Säulenchromatografie. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben. Die NMR‐ sowie die Massenspektren werden eingehend interpretiert und mit theore0tischen Berechnungen der 13C‐chemischen Verschiebungen verglichen.
A Turn‐On Fluorescence Chemosensor for Cyanide in Aqueous Media Based on a Nucleophilic Addition Reaction
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Wenting , Li Qiao , Lin Qi , Yao Hong , Zhang Youming , Wei Taibao
Published: March 2017

We synthesized a new cyanide (CN−) chemosensor CX based on a nucleophilic addition reaction prompted by cyanide ion, which could be used for highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn‐on detection of cyanide in aqueous media. The CX showed selective fluorescence recognition for CN−, the miscellaneous competitive anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, AcO−, H2PO4−, HSO4−, ClO4−, S2−, PO43−, CO32− and SCN−) did not lead to any significant interference. The detection limit of the sensor towards CN− is 1.15 × 10−7 mol•L−1. The sensor has been successfully applied to estimate the cyanide ion in seeds of cherries. Test strips based on CX were fabricated, which could be used as a convenient and efficient CN− test kit to detect CN− in aqueous solution for “in‐the‐field” measurement.