bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process and production enhancement through codigestion in biogas generation
Authors: Noon M. Adnan Aslam , Shah Imran , Tipu Javed Ahmed Khan , Arif Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad Usama Bin , Qzai Shoaib Ishaq , Sharif Muhammad , Sharif Aamer
Published: June 2024

Pakistan is facing a major challenge in the domestic gas and energy sector, and its demand is continuously growing. It is imperative to produce more energy in the form of gaseous resources and electricity to reduce this energy crisis in the future. The current work is related to studying various factors that play a critical role in enhancing the process and production of biogas. The effect of codigestion, substrate size, temperature, pH, and catalyst addition are important parameters. Three batch processes are conducted for 21 days under mesophilic conditions, which is easier to achieve as compared with the thermophilic one. Codigestion of cow manure combined with food, poultry waste, and sewerage water showed some promising results compared with a single substrate (cow dung). This results in the production of biogas of about 120 L. The particle size is then reduced to 5 mm, which leads to an increase in the available surface area for microbial attack and hence increases and enhances further the process and production of biogas. However, the addition of 250 g of silica gel increases production by up to 17%. The better value for the pH range for this batch was found in the range of 6.5–7.8. The codigestion would help in cost‐effective and more efficient waste treatment. The digestate in all the batch processes comes out enriched in nitrogen that is used as an organic fertilizer.
Is who they are, what they prefer? Understanding bureaucratic elites' policy preferences for European integration of government accounting
Authors: Horni Pascal
Published: June 2024

Bureaucratic elites and national public administrations' experts play a key role in the preparation of supranational policies and in shaping global governance instruments. However, we know surprisingly little about what factors drive their preferences and support for supranational solutions. Drawing on the results of a vignette and conjoint experiment and the case of the European Commission's policy initiative to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards, this study analyzes the effect of the communicative framing of a policy's objective and how experts' attitudes influence their preferences for policy outcomes. The study shows that the communicative framing of a policy's objective based on functional needs rather than on normative grounds increases support among national administrations' experts. Moreover, the study finds evidence that experts who internalized a public service motivation and those with a supranationalist collective identity are more willing to give up national sovereignty in favor of supranational policy solutions.
A research study of lightweight state perception algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s‐Tiny for fully mechanized top‐coal caving mining
Authors: Shan PengFei , Yang Tong , Wu XiaoChen , Sun HaoQiang
Published: June 2024

Real‐time monitoring of the coal caving process in fully mechanized mining is crucial for achieving intelligent and efficient top‐coal caving. While the coal gangue identification method, employing vision and deep learning, has advanced in the realm of intelligent monitoring, it exhibits a dependency on high‐performance hardware. This reliance poses challenges for deploying identification equipment on mobile terminals, hindering the widespread application of this method. To address the issues above, the paper presents a lightweight algorithm, utilizing You Only Look Once version 5s (YOLOv5s), utilizing YOLOv5s for the real‐time perception of the top‐coal caving state in fully mechanized caving mining. We replace the backbone network of YOLOv5s with the ShuffleNetv2 structure that is more suitable for lightweight deployment, and add the Simple Attention Mechanism attention mechanism to the network structure to enhance the model's receptive field and feature expression ability, and reduce the impact of falling debris on the detection results. A dynamic experimental platform for top‐coal caving in fully mechanized caving mining for thick coal seams is set up, and preprocessing operations such as brightness, sharpening, and denoising are performed on the image data sets collected by high‐speed industrial cameras. Research results show that compared with the traditional YOLOv5s, the improved model's P, mAP, F1 score, and other indicators have increased by 3.4%, 2.1%, and 1.1%, respectively, the model size is 70% of the original, and the detection frames per second value has increased by 48.1%. The lightweight algorithm stabilizes the accuracy of coal gangue identification dramatically in real time. It dramatically reduces the computing pressure on the mobile terminal, providing basic theory and practice for real‐time monitoring of fully mechanized coal caving mining.
Advanced impedance mismatch technique for detecting faults in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Lamdihine Najwa , Ouassaid Mohammed
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the Advanced Impedance Mismatch Technique (AIMT), a novel approach designed for the accurate detection of simultaneous and varied faults within photovoltaic (PV) systems. This investigation integrates a spectrum of fault detection strategies, pinpointing reflectometry as a notably effective tool. Despite its utility, conventional reflectometry applications face critical constraints, notably the limitation to identify only the primary fault location within a PV array and the inability to distinguish between different fault types. This work introduces an innovative mathematical model that estimates the impedance of PV modules, enhancing the reflectometry method to enable the precise identification and localization of multiple defective modules within a string. The proposed technique exhibits a remarkable sensitivity to detect slight impedance differences between a functional PV string and one with defective modules. The validity of the AIMT's mathematical model is corroborated through simulation experiments on a string of seven PV modules afflicted with multiple simultaneous faults. These experiments rigorously evaluate the technique's accuracy in pinpointing the locations of defective modules within a PV string. The outcomes of our proposed ‐times faster AIMT reveal a strong concordance between the simulated reflective signals and the impedance values forecasted by the model, highlighting the proposed method's proficiency in the detailed detection and diagnosis of progressive faults within PV systems.
Analysis of the temporal, spatial, and frequency law of the internal flow in a prototype vaned mixed‐flow pump
Authors: Su Chenhan , Lu Jiahao , Tao Ran , Zhu Di , Xiao Ruofu
Published: June 2024

Mixed‐flow pump is a typical pump using in low‐head cases of water lifting. The flow field pulsation is usually an important issue in the operation of mixed‐flow pumps and their pumping statins. Due to its large size, it is difficult to monitor the internal flow characteristics well, based on computational fluid dynamics, we use 5678 monitoring points which arranged in the impeller and fixed vane with using the high pulsation tracking network, and the pressure pulsation signals are analyzed by fast Fourier transform and variable mode decomposition to decompose the main frequency and intensity of the pressure pulsation signals, then analyze the energy dissipation with the entropy production rate (EPR). It is found that there are strong low‐frequency (0.416, 0.625, and 1.67 Hz) pressure pulsation near hub, and the pressure pulsation on the shroud is stronger than that on the hub (at least three times or more); there are strong and stable pressure pulsation (25 Hz) on the shroud generated by the rotor–stator interference (RSI); and the EPR in the flow field can be well combined with the signal. Reasonably allocating material strength and controlling the number of vanes and impellers to avoid producing a common multiple can avoid pressure pulsation caused by RSI and reduce energy dissipation. Therefore, it is very effective in improving the efficiency of this part. Under low flow conditions, the siphon outflow passage can predict the high‐frequency (45.833 Hz) attenuation area well through the phase signal decomposition of the signal, which has certain significance for improving its stability and efficiency.
Promoting equity in the Conservation Reserve Program across the southeastern US
Authors: Hitchner Sarah , Kadam Parag , Bolques Alejandro , Harvey Alex , Perry Alton , Best Sherwynn , Atkins Danielle , Burke Felicia , Larson Lincoln , Stukes Kayla , Cook Sam , Graham Ben , Bowman Troy , Morse Wayde , Dwivedi Puneet
Published: June 2024

Black and female landowners, two of the largest groups of underserved landowners in the southeastern US, have considerably less land enrolled in the US Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) than White and male landowners. The reasons for this discrepancy are complex and interrelated. Previous studies approached different facets of this problem using a variety of methods and analyses. Here, we conducted a synthetic literature review that demonstrates how the intertwined ecological, economic, and cultural concerns of underserved landowners influence their decisions about potential land conversion in the context of CRP requirements. Other studies have rarely considered such relevant factors as the sociocultural importance of land to underserved populations or the links between the limited participation of these groups in the CRP and historical racism and sexism in land management industries and agencies. Explicitly addressing these issues will help promote conservation equity in the CRP and other conservation programs.
Effects of different drying techniques of ground sprouted chickpeas on quality, textural properties, and sensory attributes of fried falafel
Authors: Goharpour Kimia , Salehi Fakhreddin , Daraei Garmakhany Amir
Published: June 2024

The process of sprouting makes legumes better by changing their nutrition, chemicals, and taste. Ground sprouted chickpeas are commonly used as the main ingredient in falafel. The aim of this research was to study the impact of drying techniques that include hot‐air, infrared, and microwave on the moisture, ash, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, color, and rehydration ratio of dried ground sprouted chickpeas. Also, the effects of drying techniques of ground sprouted chickpeas on the moisture, ash, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, color, volume, density, oil content, textural properties, and sensory attributes of fried falafel were examined. The total phenolics of hot‐air‐dried, infrared‐dried, and microwave‐dried samples were 463.42, 766.20, and 470.82 μg Gallic acid (GA)/g dry, respectively. The infrared‐dried ground sprouts had the highest antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fried falafels made from infrared‐dried ground sprouted chickpeas were significantly higher than those of the fried falafels made from hot‐air‐dried and microwave‐dried sprouts (p < .05). The mean values of lightness, redness, and yellowness of the fried falafel core ranged from 57.37 to 59.29, 3.66 to 6.88, and 40.50 to 43.31, respectively. The lowest oil absorption was related to the sample prepared from the hot‐air‐dried sprouted chickpeas (p < .05). The firmness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the fried falafels were between 38.17 N and 91.56 N, 0.29 and 0.44, 0.48 and 0.58, and 5.38 N and 17.24 N, respectively. The use of infrared‐dried sprouted chickpeas for producing fried falafel, due to the highest odor, flavor, and overall acceptance scores, high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, high volume, low density, and low hardness, is recommended.
Calcifying Spindle Cell Soft Tissue Tumor With SOX10::PLAG1 Fusion: A Case Report of a Morphologically Distinctive and Potentially Novel Soft Tissue Tumor
Authors: Kosemehmetoglu Kemal , Mosaieby Elaheh , Šteiner Petr , Vaněček Tomáš , Baranovska‐Andrigo Vira , Michal Michael
Published: June 2024

The widespread use of advanced molecular techniques has led to the identification of several tumor types with PLAG1 gene fusions some of which also affect the skin and soft tissues. Herein, we present a 38‐year‐old female with a subcutaneous tumor affecting her forearm, which does not seem to fit into any currently recognized entity. It was a well‐circumscribed tumor measuring 6 × 4,5 × 4 cm. It had a thick capsule composed of bland spindle cells forming palisades and Verocay body‐like structures within a myxocollagenous background. Scattered calcifications were dispersed throughout the lesion. No cytological atypia, mitotic activity, or necrosis were present. Targeted NGS revealed a SOX10::PLAG1 fusion and fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of PLAG1 gene rearrangement. The neoplastic cells showed a diffuse immunohistochemical expression of S100, SOX10, and PLAG1, as well as patchy desmin and CD34 positivity. The methylation profile of this tumor did not match any other entity covered by the DKFZ sarcoma classifier and apart from the gain of chromosome 12, the copy number profile was normal. The tumor was completely excised, and the patient has been free of disease for 4 years since the excision. While more cases are needed to confirm this tumor as a distinct entity, we propose a provisional name “SOX10::PLAG1‐rearranged calcifying spindle cell tumor.”
Empowering Sustainability: Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Agriculture for Reduced Costs Carbon Emissions and Evaporation
Authors: Gümrükçüoğlu Yiğit Mahnaz , Akçadağ Bevin
Published: June 2024

This study assesses the impact of implementing a floating solar photovoltaic system (FSPV) on the Turgutlu irrigation pond in Sakarya, Turkey, aiming to reduce energy expenses in agricultural irrigation and promote sustainability in farming. Two scenarios are developed to evaluate the FSPV, focusing on CO2emissions mitigation, energy generation potential, evaporation reduction, conservation of terrestrial land, effects on agricultural production, decreased reliance on fossil fuels, and associated costs and return on investment (ROI). In the first scenario, the FSPV is expected to generate 7168 MWh of energy, preventing the emission of 4520 tons of carbon, and reducing annual evaporation by 6686 m3. In the second scenario, the FSPV's energy output is estimated at 99 MWh, preventing 64.2 tons of carbon emissions, and reducing annual evaporation by 94.4 m3. These findings provide valuable insights at the regional level, presenting a compelling case study for potential replication in other irrigated agricultural regions.
Evaluation of the predictors and frequency of silent hypoxemia in COVID‐19 patients and the gap between pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas levels: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Pezeshkian Fatemehsadat , Ranjbar Keivan , Javaheri Rojan , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: June 2024

Background

Silent hypoxemia is when patients do not experience breathing difficulty in the presence of alarmingly low O2 saturation. It could cause rapid deterioration and higher mortality rates among patients, so prompt detection and identifying predictive factors could result in significantly better outcomes. This study aims to document the evidence of silent hypoxemia in patients with COVID‐19 and its clinical features.

Methods

A total of 78 hospitalized, nonintubated patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included in this study. Their O2 saturation was measured with a pulse oximeter (PO), and arterial blood gas (ABG) was taken. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. The Borg scale was used to evaluate dyspnea status, and patients with a score of less than two accompanied by O2 saturation of less than 94% were labeled as silent hypoxic. Univariate analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation between variables and their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Silent hypoxemia was observed in 20 (25.6%) of the participants. The average difference between the PO and ABG methods was 4.36 ± 3.43. Based on regression analysis, dyspnea and respiratory rate demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the O2 saturation difference between PO and ABG (OR: 2.05; p = 0.026; 95% CI: 0.248–3.847 and OR: 0.144; p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.001–0.286). Furthermore, the Borg scale (OR: 0.29; p = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.116–0.740) had a significant reverse correlation with silent hypoxia.

Conclusions

Silent hypoxemia can be a possible complication that affects some COVID‐19 patients. Further care should be bestowed upon the younger population and those with underlying neurological or mental illnesses. Furthermore, the respiratory rate, pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas O2 levels should be considered alongside each other.
Self‐adhesive and biocompatible dry electrodes with conformal contact to skin for epidermal electrophysiology
Authors: Lin Xiaoxue , Ou Zeping , Wang Xuewei , Wang Can , Ouyang Yunfei , Mwakitawa Ibrahim M. , Li Feng , Chen Rui , Yue Yaru , Tang Jihe , Fang Wei , Chen Shanshan , Guo Bing , Ouyang Jianyong , Shumilova Tatyana , Zhou Yongli , Wang Liang , Zhang Chengwu , Sun Kuan
Published: June 2024

Long‐term biopotential monitoring requires high‐performance biocompatible wearable dry electrodes. But currently, it is challenging to establish a form‐preserving fit with the skin, resulting in high interface impedance and motion artifacts. This research aims to present an innovative solution using an all‐green organic dry electrode that eliminates the aforementioned challenges. The dry electrode is prepared by introducing biocompatible maltitol into the chosen conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). Thanks to the secondary doping and plasticizer effect of maltitol, the dry electrode exhibits good stretchability (62%), strong self‐adhesion (0.46 N/cm), high conductivity (102 S/cm), and low Young's modulus (7 MPa). It can always form a conformal contact with the skin even during body movements. Together with good electrical properties, the electrode enables a lower skin contact impedance compared to the current standard Ag/AgCl gel electrode. Consequently, the application of this dry electrode in bioelectrical signal measurement (electromyography, electrocardiography, electroencephalography) and long‐term biopotential monitoring was successfully demonstrated.
Sweet syndrome in pregnancy: A narrative review
Authors: Glennon Colleen M. , Tan Alice J. , Prabhu Malavika , Kroshinsky Daniela
Published: June 2024

The aim of this review is to increase obstetrician awareness of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome. Patients present with fever, leukocytosis, and skin eruption, which can mimic other infectious or inflammatory conditions, but do not respond to antibiotics. A search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to review all reported cases of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome, an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis occurring during pregnancy or postpartum. A total of 33 episodes among 30 patients were identified, with the majority (54.5% [18]) of cases occurring within the second trimester. Among the 30 patients, skin lesions most commonly affected the head and neck (73.3% [22]), with rare oral or ocular involvement. Leukocytosis was the most common laboratory finding, reported in 96.7% [29] of patients, with neutrophil predominance noted in 70.0% [21]. The diagnosis was confirmed for all patients with pathognomonic results of skin biopsies. Of the 27 cases detailing treatment, systemic corticosteroids were most frequently used (19 cases), followed by conservative management (seven cases), and dapsone (one case). The dapsone‐treated patient and 15 of the 19 steroid‐treated patients experienced resolution, but additional management strategies were required in the remaining four individuals. Spontaneous resolution occurred during pregnancy in six of the seven conservatively managed individuals, with one patient experiencing spontaneous abortion shortly after skin eruption at 10 weeks of gestation. No associated maternal deaths were reported. Obstetric complications of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome included endomyometritis, sterile placental abscesses, and abdominal wall necrosis. Delivery of healthy infants occurred in 24 of the 25 cases that presented fetal outcome, which included two infants who underwent medically indicated preterm deliveries.
Broadband access and agritourism operations in the United States
Authors: Schmidt Claudia , Han Luyi , Moghadam Arian , Goetz Stephan J.
Published: June 2024

An online presence is crucial for agritourism operators to connect with consumers. In this study, we use count data regression models to examine the correlation between average broadband speed adopted and the number of agritourism operations. We found that adoption of fast broadband in 2012 was associated with a significantly higher number of agritourism operations nationally in 2017, underscoring the role of broadband connectivity in facilitating interactions between farmers and consumers, as well as in promoting agritourism. However, only a weak association exists in rural counties, indicating that the broadband–agritourism relationship does not extend to less populated areas.
The Rising Tide of Antibiotic Resistance: A Study on Extended‐Spectrum Beta‐Lactamase and Carbapenem‐Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ejaz Hasan , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Farhana Aisha , Younas Sonia , Batool Alia , Lone Durreshahwar , Atif Muhammad , Alruways Mashael W. , Alruwaili Muharib , Hamad Ismail , Selim Samy , Mazhari Bi Bi Zainab , Farooq Ali , Junaid Kashaf
Published: June 2024

Background

The global spread of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL‐producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.

Methods

From clinical samples, 227 ESBL‐producing and CRE isolates were obtained. The isolates were cultured on bacterial media and confirmed by VITEK 2. Antibiograms were tested against several antibiotics using VITEK 2. The acquired resistance genes were identified by PCR.

Results

Of the 227 clinical isolates, 145 (63.8%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 82 (36.1%) were Escherichia coli; 76 (33.4%) isolates were detected in urine, 57 (25.1%) in pus swabs, and 53 (23.3%) in blood samples. A total of 58 (70.7%) ESBL‐producing E. coli were resistant to beta‐lactams, except for carbapenems, and 17.2% were amikacin‐resistant; 29.2% of E. coli isolates were resistant to carbapenems. A total of 106 (73.1%) ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae were resistant to all beta‐lactams, except for carbapenems, and 66.9% to ciprofloxacin; 38 (26.2%) K. pneumoniae were resistant to carbapenems. Colistin emerged as the most effective antibiotic against both bacterial types. Twelve (20.6%) E. coli isolates were positive for blaCTX‐M, 11 (18.9%) for blaTEM, and 8 (33.3%) for blaNDM. Forty‐six (52.3%) K. pneumoniae isolates had blaCTX‐M, 27 (18.6%) blaTEM, and 26 (68.4%) blaNDM.

Conclusion

This study found a high prevalence of drug‐resistant ESBL‐producing and CRE, highlighting the need for targeted antibiotic use to combat resistance.
Preparation of a magnetic solid acid Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H and its use in hydrolysis of cellulose
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Liu Zhen , Qiao Linghui
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

In order to improve the catalytic performance and stability of magnetic solid acid for cellulose hydrolysis in the aqueous phase, this study first modified the surface of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) with oleic acid. Then, in an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion system, polystyrene (PS) was coated on the Fe3O4 NPs through emulsion polymerization. Finally, magnetic solid acid Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H was prepared by sulfonation.

RESULTS

The obtained Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, infrared, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, and its acid densityand magnetic properties determined. Applied to cellulose hydrolysis, it exhibited 35.28 emu·g−1 saturation magnetization and 3.56 mmol·g−1 maximum acid density. At 140 °C and 1:1 acid to substrate ratio, cellulose hydrolysis with Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H gave a glucose yield of ≤64.14% in 10 h. The solid acid was conveniently recycled with a magnet and reused for further cellulose hydrolysis. It maintained good catalytic activities after five cycles.

CONCLUSION

The magnetic solid acid with a polystyrene backbone prepared by emulsion polymerization exhibits efficient and stable catalytic performance, in line with the trend of green development in ‘bio‐refining’, and lays the foundation for the development of composite solid acids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
How to repair medial meniscal ramp lesions: A systematic review of surgical techniques
Authors: Pizza Nicola , Urda Luis L. , Sanchez Francisco S. , Ibañez Maximiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano , Perelli Simone , Monllau Juan C.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

to provide a comprehensive overview of all the surgical techniques published in the literature for repairing meniscal ramp lesions focusing on the technical aspects and the pros and cons of every procedure. Such lesions can be managed using various approaches, each of this with its specific advantages and disadvantages.

Methods

Pubmed Central, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were systematically reviewed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for studies on surgical techniques for repairing meniscal ramp lesions through May 2023. Overall, 32 articles matched the selection criteria and were included in the study.

Results

Debridement alone may be sufficient for small stable meniscal ramp lesions but, for tears in the menisco‐capsular junction that affect the stability of the medial meniscus, it seems reasonable to repair it, even though the clinical results available in literature are contrasting. All‐inside sutures through anterior portals seems to be an effective solution for meniscal ramp lesions with MTL tears. All‐inside sutures through posteromedial portals are particularly useful for large meniscal ramp lesions, in which an inside‐out suture can also be performed.

Conclusion

Meniscal ramp lesions can be managed using various approaches, each of this with its specific advantages and disadvantages. Further research is required to determine the optimal technique that can be considered as the gold standard and can provide the better results.

Level of Evidence

Level III, systematic review.
Influence of variable hinge positioning on coronal and sagittal alignment in uniplanar medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Frings Jannik , Korthaus Alexander , Linke Philip , Rolvien Tim , Stürznickel Julian , Strahl André , Krause Matthias , Frosch Karl‐Heinz
Published: June 2024

Purpose

There is a high risk of increasing the posterior tibial slope (PTS) during medially opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (mowHTO). Most recently, the idea of intentional simultaneous coronal and sagittal correction, using uniplanar cutting techniques has emerged. This study aims to examine the influences of variable hinge positioning and osteotomy gap height on the sagittal and coronal plane.

Methods

Twenty uniplanar mowHTOs were performed in standardised (left) solid‐foam proximal tibia models. In the different models, hinge position was rotated stepwise by 10°, between 90° (cutting straight medial to lateral) and 0° (cutting straight anterior to posterior) (n = 10). Additionally, gap heights of 5 and 10 mm were produced and analysed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate a predictive regression formula for the relation between gap height, hinge rotation and the changes of medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA), medial and lateral PTS.

Results

Between cutting angles of 90 and 20°, the MPTA was mainly influenced by the gap height (0.95° MPTA per 1 mm gap height), but not by the cutting angle. Between 20 and 0°, the MPTA was decreased by 3.6° per 10° of rotation, but not by the gap height. Between cutting angles of 90 and 10°, the PTS was increased linearly by 0.97° per 10° of rotation and by 0.61° per 1 mm gap height.

Conclusion

In mowHTO with lateral hinge positions, the MPTA is mainly influenced by gap height. Changes of PTS can be avoided by a straight lateral hinge position. In posterior hinge locations (0‐20°), changes of MPTA are mainly caused by hinge rotation, but not by gap height.

Level of Evidence

Level III, Case–control study.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Archbold Biological Station‐University of Florida
Authors: Boughton Elizabeth H. , Silveira Maria L. , Swain Hilary , DeLong Alia , Sclater Vivienne , Azad Shefali , Bracho Rosvel , Saha Amartya , Sonnier Grégory
Published: June 2024

The Archbold Biological Station‐University of Florida (ABS‐UF) Long‐term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site lies in the heart of south‐central Florida, representing subtropical humid grazing lands in North America and globally. Beef producers in this region face challenges due to climate variability, limited nutritive value of forages, poor soils, public concerns about water quality and greenhouse gas emissions, management trade‐offs, economic uncertainty, and increasing urban encroachment. The ABS‐UF Common Experiment, co‐designed with stakeholders, will assess innovative management systems in comparison to prevailing management systems on key indicators of sustainability. Innovative management systems being tested are alternative fire (frequency and spatial extent) and grazing practices (stocking rate and system). The common experiment framework was implemented across a management intensity gradient spanning from native rangeland to cultivated pastures, including embedded wetlands. Issues that have arisen to date include difficulties in implementing prescribed fire and reduced productivity in cultivated pastures associated with innovative management, which led to an adjustment of the experimental treatment. A stakeholder advisory council will codesign future alternative treatments and guide experimental changes in this long‐term experiment. Stakeholder engagement efforts revealed research priorities centered on financial strength, carbon (C) and greenhouse gas emissions, and water quality. Stakeholders are also interested in testing emerging technology such as the utility of virtual fencing. Results from ABS‐UF provide a unique perspective from subtropical humid grazing lands for continental‐scale cross‐site synthesis on sustainable agroecosystems across LTAR.
Do acting interns need residents? A comparison of acting intern experience on hospital medicine resident versus nonresident teams
Authors: Gray Adam , Hall Alan M. , Chadha Jagriti , Leung Stephanie , Karnik Kelsey , Mangino Anthony A. , Ragsdale John W.
Published: June 2024

Background

The clinical demands for hospitalist groups have grown at academic medical centers, without similar growth of teaching opportunities for faculty. Traditional resident teaching teams are often crowded with learners which can limit acting intern (or subintern) patient encounters. Medical students are often placed on nonresident teaching teams, although there are few studies on learner experience on a nonresident teaching team model.

Methods

To address these concerns, we created two nonresident teaching teams composed of one attending and two acting interns. We compared acting intern experience on the nonresident teaching teams to the traditional resident teams to determine if there were significant differences in student experience by reviewing course evaluation data on the two team models.

Results

Of the 276 students who completed the Internal Medicine Acting Internship from 2019 to 2023, 224 students (81%) completed the course evaluation. The course was highly rated, and the ratings were similar in both models demonstrating that the nonresident teaching team model is an effective option for acting interns.

Conclusion

The nonresident teaching team model can offload crowded teaching teams, add additional acting intern experiences, and add teaching opportunities for hospital medicine attendings.
The prevalence of HIV resistance mutations and their influence on the shedding of HIV‐1 into peritoneal dialysis effluent
Authors: Mooko Teboho , Bisiwe Feziwe Busiswa , Chikobvu Perpertual , Morobadi Molefi Daniel , Mofokeng Thabiso Rafaki Petrus , Nyaga Martin Munene , Kemp Gabre , Goedhals Dominique , Ndlovu Kwazi Celani Zwakele
Published: June 2024

HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRMs) are important determinants of therapeutic effects and outcomes even in end‐stage kidney failure (ESKF) people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This study evaluated the prevalence of HIVDRMs and their effect on the shedding of HIV‐1 into peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluents. This cross‐sectional study of PLWHIV and having ESKF and managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and PD, collected enrolled patients’ demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, and sequenced HIV‐1 RNA in unsuppressed plasma and PD effluent samples. HIV viral load and HIVDRMs were determined using qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Stanford University HIVDRM Database, respectively. There were 60 participants recruited with a median age of 43.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 38.0–47) years and were predominantly on abacavir (88.3%), lamivudine (98.3%), and efavirenz (70%) for a median duration of 8 (IQR, 5–11) years. Among participants with detectable HIV‐1 in PD effluents, the prevalence of HIVDRMs was 62.5% (5/8) compared to 7.7% (4/52) among those with undetectable HIV‐1 (p = 0.001) with non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations predominating. On Spearman's correlation analysis, high plasma HIV levels (ρ = 0.649, p < 0.001), T‐cell CD4 count (ρ = −0370, p < 0.004), serum creatinine (ρ = −0.396, p < 0.002), and white blood cell count (ρ = −0.294, p < 0.023) levels were significant factors correlated with the detection of HIV‐1 in PD effluents. Moreover, HIVDRMs presence (ρ = 0.504, p < 0.001) particularly NNRTI resistance (ρ = 0.504, p < 0.001) were also significantly correlated with detection of HIV‐1 in PD effluents. The presence of HIVDRMs, high plasma HIV viral load, and T‐cell CD4 count were correlated with HIV‐1 shedding into PD effluents.
Existential themes of the 2020s syndemic polycrisis
Authors: Field Thomas A. , Ghoston Michelle R.
Published: June 2024

The coronavirus and anti‐Black racial violence dual pandemics of the early 2020s brought multiple existential concerns that aligned with the four existential givens of human experience, namely, life and death anxiety, community and isolation, meaning‐making and absurdity, freedom of choice and responsibility compared to determinism, and existential guilt and shattering. These themes are examined through an analysis and summary of the seven articles included in this special issue. These seven articles substantiate a need for further research and widely implemented interventions that emphasize culturally affirming and sustaining humanistic and existential counseling practices paired with advocacy for systemic change that enhances community solidarity alongside meaning‐making and identity preservation. This approach aims to support people from marginalized communities in navigating compounded challenges during dual crises such as the early 2020s syndemic polycrisis.
A simple step to improve fat and energy delivery of human milk delivered via bottle‐feeding pump: An experimental study
Authors: Irwin Caitlin , Beard Kate , Martin Louis , Kua Kok Lim , Huff Katie
Published: June 2024

Background

Enteral feeding pump systems deliver decreased amounts of macronutrients in human milk to neonates. This study determined the macronutrient loss associated with a bottle‐feeding pump system and the effect of manually mixing the human milk during extended feeds.

Methods

Macronutrient content from samples of donor human milk was analyzed after simulated extended feeds with a bottle‐feeding pump system, using a human milk analyzer. Simulations were repeated using manual mixing of the bottle every 30 min during feeding. The percentage of the baseline was calculated, and one‐sample t tests and analysis of variance compared the effect of manual mixing and the duration of feeding on macronutrient delivery.

Results

The delivery of fat and energy was lower over time, but manual mixing considerably improved retention. The length of feeding impacted fat delivery, with less fat delivered over time (P < 0.001). Manually mixing significantly increased fat delivery (P < 0.001). Similar results were found for energy, with a significant reduction in energy delivery over time (P < 0.001) and significantly more energy delivered with mixing (P < 0.001). Mixing and the duration of feeding had minimal effect on protein or carbohydrate delivery.

Conclusions

Bottle‐feeding pump systems are associated with a significant reduction in the delivery of fat and energy of donor human milk. The manual mixing of donor human milk during prolonged feeds is a simple way to improve fat and energy delivery to the neonate.
Automation tools to support undertaking scoping reviews
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Pollock Danielle , McInerney Patricia , Evans Catrin , Moraes Erica B. , Godfrey Christina M. , Alexander Lyndsay , Tricco Andrea , Peters Micah D. J. , Pieper Dawid , Saran Ashrita , Ameen Daniel , Taneri Petek Eylul , Munn Zachary
Published: June 2024

Objective

This paper describes several automation tools and software that can be considered during evidence synthesis projects and provides guidance for their integration in the conduct of scoping reviews.

Study Design and Setting

The guidance presented in this work is adapted from the results of a scoping review and consultations with the JBI Scoping Review Methodology group.

Results

This paper describes several reliable, validated automation tools and software that can be used to enhance the conduct of scoping reviews. Developments in the automation of systematic reviews, and more recently scoping reviews, are continuously evolving. We detail several helpful tools in order of the key steps recommended by the JBI's methodological guidance for undertaking scoping reviews including team establishment, protocol development, searching, de‐duplication, screening titles and abstracts, data extraction, data charting, and report writing. While we include several reliable tools and software that can be used for the automation of scoping reviews, there are some limitations to the tools mentioned. For example, some are available in English only and their lack of integration with other tools results in limited interoperability.

Conclusion

This paper highlighted several useful automation tools and software programs to use in undertaking each step of a scoping review. This guidance has the potential to inform collaborative efforts aiming at the development of evidence informed, integrated automation tools and software packages for enhancing the conduct of high‐quality scoping reviews.
Light‐Triggered Reversible Swelling of Azobenzene‐Containing Block Copolymer Worms via Confined Deformation Prepared by Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Deng Zichao , Sun Yalan , Chen Aihua
Published: June 2024

Stimuli‐responsive block copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) have received close attention in recent years owing to their tremendous application potential in smart materials. Azobenzene‐containing NPs are widely studied due to the advantages of light as a stimulus and fast reversible trans–cis isomerization of azobenzene chromophores. However, the inefficient preparation process and difficult reversible transformation of morphologies limit their development. Herein it is demonstrated that the light‐triggered reversible swelling behavior of wormlike NPs with high azobenzene content could be realized via confined deformation. These worms are prepared in large quantities via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly based on the copolymerization of 11‐(4‐(4‐butylphenylazo)phenoxy)undecyl methacrylate (MAAz) and N‐(methacryloxy)succinimide (NMAS) monomers. Upon UV/visible light irradiation, the reversible deformation of worms is achieved when the feed molar ratio of NMAS/MAAz is relatively high or via crosslinking using diamines, which leads to the reduction of the photoisomerization efficiency. The diameter variation of the worms is influenced by the amount and types of crosslinkers. Moreover, the scalability of this strategy is further proved by the fabrication of photo‐ and reductant‐responsive crosslinked worms. It is expected that this study not only provides a new route to affording reversible photoresponsive NPs but also offers a unique insight into the reversible photodeformation mechanism of azobenzene‐containing NPs.
Bond sensitive graph neural networks for predicting high temperature superconductors
Authors: Gu Liang , Liu Yang , Chen Pin , Huang Haiyou , Chen Ning , Li Yang , Lookman Turab , Lu Yutong , Su Yanjing
Published: June 2024

Finding high temperature superconductors (HTS) has been a continuing challenge due to the difficulty in predicting the transition temperature (Tc) of superconductors. Recently, the efficiency of predicting Tc has been greatly improved via machine learning (ML). Unfortunately, prevailing ML models have not shown adequate generalization ability to find new HTS, yet. In this work, a graph neural network model is trained to predict the maximal Tc (Tcmax) of various materials. Our model reveals a close connection between Tcmax and chemical bonds. It suggests that shorter bond lengths are favored by high Tc, which is in coherence with previous domain knowledge. More importantly, it also indicates that chemical bonds consisting of some specific chemical elements are responsible for high Tc, which is new even to the human experts. It can provide a convenient guidance to the materials scientists in search of HTS.
Significance of overvaluation of weight and shape in childhood binge‐eating disorder: Results from a population‐based study
Authors: Baron Alejandra , Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B.
Published: June 2024

Binge‐eating disorder (BED) involves recurrent binge‐eating episodes with significant distress and is associated with adverse psychological and social problems. Previous studies in adults have suggested that presence of overvaluation of shape and weight may be a clinically relevant subtype of BED. The purpose of this study was to examine if overvaluation represents an important subtype of BED in children. It was hypothesized that children with both BED and overvaluation will have a higher body mass index z‐scores (BMI‐z) and internalizing psychopathology and lower cognitive functioning scores. Participants included a diverse sample of children between the ages of 9 and 10 years old from the baseline wave of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Caregivers completed the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the Child Behavior Checklist, and measures of demographics, and children completed neurocognitive tests and had their height and weight measured. The analytic sample included 7200 children. There were no interactions between BED status and overvaluation in relation to outcome variables. Yet, BED and overvaluation were independently associated with higher internalizing symptoms, higher BMI‐z, and poorer cognitive functioning. Contrary to the expectations, results did not support significant interactions between BED status and overvaluation in children. However, the study highlights the independent clinical significance of BED and overvaluation with higher BMI‐z, higher internalizing symptoms, and poorer cognitive functioning. Future studies are necessary to determine the developmental trajectories of BED and overvaluation into adolescence and adulthood.
Non‐iterative stress‐displacement solution for surrounding rock mass with multiple non‐circular deep tunnels
Authors: Ye Zi Kun , Ai Zhi Yong
Published: June 2024

A non‐iterative stress‐displacement solution is proposed in this paper to investigate surrounding rock mass with multiple non‐circular deep tunnels. Compared with the Schwarz alternating method, the proposed method only spends one‐time matrix operation, showing considerable efficiency and accuracy of the matrix solution. First, a matrix solution is formulated to obtain the conformal mapping function for the non‐circular tunnel. Then, in consideration of multiple boundary conditions, the generalized complex variable theory and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm are used to formulate a matrix solution of potential functions. The stress and displacement fields around multiple non‐circular tunnels can be further determined from the matrix solution. A series of numerical examples are conducted to verify the proposed method, perform the convergency study, and discuss the effects of tunnel geometries, distances, and arrangements. The convergency study shows that the more accurate conformal mapping function requires more sampling points in the FFT. In addition, the high stress zone would be amplified if the arrangement of multiple tunnels makes the high stress zone adjacent or overlapped.
On monitoring high‐dimensional processes with individual observations
Authors: Ebadi Mohsen , Chenouri Shoja'eddin , Steiner Stefan H.
Published: June 2024

Modern data collecting methods and computation tools have made it possible to monitor high‐dimensional processes. In this article, we investigate phase II monitoring of high‐dimensional processes when the available number of samples collected in phase I is limited in comparison to the number of variables. A new charting statistic for high‐dimensional multivariate processes based on the diagonal elements of the underlying covariance matrix is introduced and we propose a unified procedure for phases I and II by employing a self‐starting control chart. To remedy the effect of outliers, we adopt a robust procedure for parameter estimation in phase I and introduce the appropriate consistent estimators. The statistical performance of the proposed method is evaluated in phase II using the average run length (ARL) criterion in the absence and presence of outliers. Results show that the proposed control chart scheme effectively detects various kinds of shifts in the process mean vector. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of our proposed method via a manufacturing application.