bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure mode of deteriorated concrete tunnel sections under subsidence and localised shear
Authors: Aoki Hiroaki , Fan Shu , Yamanoi Yuto , Ren Mingqian , Takahashi Hideaki , Maekawa Koichi
Published: April 2021

It is frequently reported that groundwater containing salt flowing into underground reinforced concrete structures results in steel reinforcement corrosion. However, little has been done to study the impact of such chloride-induced deterioration on structural performance when an external load acts on the underground structure, such as ground subsidence or the movement related to faults. In this study, structural experiments and finite-element analysis of the interaction between an underground structure and the ground were undertaken to clarify the failure modes and verify the numerical analysis. The failure behaviour of an underground structure with corroded steel subject to ground displacements was then examined analytically. It is concluded from the study that chloride-induced deterioration can impair the durability of an underground structure, making it difficult to maintain the inner space, and the failure mode is related to the location of the steel corrosion, which can change the direction of the shear zone in the peripheral ground.
Integrated approaches to phosphorus management in the Watton Brook, UK
Authors: Simpson Hannah , Knightbridge James , Nineham Nicola
Published: April 2021

Phosphorus enrichment in waterbodies can increase the risk of eutrophication and be detrimental to the health of dependent ecosystems. Phosphorus is a common reason for a waterbody failing to meet the Water Framework Directive ‘good’ status. The Watton Brook (Norfolk, UK) is required to meet good status by 2027; it currently has an overall ‘moderate’ status and a ‘poor’ status for phosphate (as of 2016 classification). Source apportionment modelling predicts treated effluent from water recycling centres is the primary phosphorus source to the Watton Brook, followed by significant agricultural contributions. Considering the agricultural sector input and the cost of upgrading sewage treatment, this study took a stakeholder- and ecosystem services-led approach to explore catchment-based solutions. The feasibility for an integrated catchment approach builds on detailed environmental conceptualisation, phosphorus source apportionment ground-truthing and a review of potential costs and benefits. By combining Farmscoper, SIMCAT-SAGIS InVEST modelling and an ecosystem services assessment, the study targeted solutions to reduce phosphorus loading while delivering multiple benefits. The feasibility and natural capital enhancement focus of a phosphorus balancing scheme in the Watton Brook ensures that the proposed solutions are cost-beneficial for both the wastewater company and its customers while offering wider benefits for the environment and the local community.
A Gestão Pública de Tupã/SP para o enfrentamento da pandemia do Covid-19
Authors: Benini Sandra Medina , Benini Elisângela Medina
Published: April 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise da pandemia do Covid-19 no município de Tupã, considerando as medidas jurídicas adotadas pela prefeitura em manter as atividades não essenciais abertas, contrariando as recomendações do Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Como procedimento metodológico adotou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a temática, sendo que seu desenvolvimento foi norteado por construção empírica (na forma de Estudo de Caso), a qual foi delimitado pelas compreensões advindas das realidades concretas e históricas que retratam o contexto social e jurídico, com a preocupação de obter um melhor entendimento da pandemia do Covid-19 no município de Tupã/SP. A análise dos resultados foi orientada pelo aprofundamento do arcabouço científico, que consistiu na investigação organizada em três fases: pesquisa bibliográfica, exploração do tema - delimitadas às vezes no decorrer da pesquisa; a de coleta de dados; análise sistemática dos dados e informações como etapas primordiais para a redação final. A pesquisa verificou que o comercio aberto contribui para a manutenção econômica do município de Tupã, além de preservar os empregos dos tupãenses. Todavia, o que pode ser verificado é que o número de contaminados pelo COVID-19 é significativamente expressivo na faixa etária da população ativa (20 a 59 anos), ou seja, das pessoas que trabalham, o que poderia estar relacionado com números de idoso que vieram a falecer com a Covid-19.
Kronik Aort Yetmezliği Olan Hastalarda Hipertansiyon Sıklığı
Authors: YÜCEL Oguzhan , GÜNEŞ Hakan , YILMAZ Mehmet Birhan
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik aort yetersizliğinde hipertansiyon sıklığını ve hipertansiyon ile kronik aort yetersizliğinin ciddiyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma retrospektif olarak dizayn edilmiş olup aralık 2006 ile ocak 2009 tarihleri arasında Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran ekokardiyografi ve 24 saatlik kan basıncı monitörizasyon yapılan 2457 hasta taranmıştır. Bu hastalardan orta ya da ileri

derecede sol ventrikül sistolik fonksiyon bozukluğu olan hastalar, herhangi bir başka kalp kapak hastalığı olanlar, aort darlığı, protez kalp kapağı veya herhangi bir kalp kapak hastalığından dolayı kardiyak cerrahi geçiren, kronik böbrek yetersizliği, kronik antihipertansif tedavi altında olan hastalar çalışma dışı

bırakılmış olup 135 kronik aort yetersizliği hastası çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar ekokardiyografik olarak aort yetersizliğinin ciddiyetine göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu iki grup sistolik ve diyastolik tansiyon değerlerine ve sıklığına göre karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Ciddi aort yetersizliği olan hasta gurubunda gündüz ortalama diyastolik tansiyon arteriyel değerleri, gece ortalama diyastolik tansiyon değerleri ve tüm gün ortalama diyastolik tansiyon değerleri düşük olarak bulundu (p
Evidence-Based Recommendations for Some Non-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation First Aid Applications
Authors: TURA Ilknur , ERDEN Sevilay
Published: April 2021

Abstract Thousands of people die or become disabled every year due to illness, disaster, traffic accidents, work and home accidents. According to the researches, 50% of the deaths occur within the first half an hour. In order to prevent the increase in these deaths, first aid knowledge is required. Therefore, evidence-based practices should be included in whole process, from the basic principles and practices of first aid to hospital care of the patient/injured. In the guide published by American Heart Association (AHA) and Red Cross in 2020, the stroke recognizes and cures, the management of hypoglycaemia, anti-coagulant treatment for non-traumatic chest pain, life-threatening bleeding, the use of compressions to be applied in trauma, hyperthermia or heatstroke treatments are emphasized. Including evidence-based practices in first aid possibly reduce mortality and morbidity rates with conscious, quality first aid as soon as possible. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of harm, to mobilize the society within the scope of disaster preparedness, to contribute to the development of health awareness, to ensure that people are competent in saving their lives and standardizing first aid practices. The recommendations of the guides should be taken into consideration in this process.
CATEGORY OF EMPTINESS IN THE WORLD ARCHITECTURE: JAPAN, WEST, RUSSIA
Authors: Kursova Marina Gennad'evna , Repina Evgeniya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the philosophical and psychological meaning of the category of emptiness and its reflection in art and architecture. The sacred meaning of emptiness in Zen Buddhism and its influence on Japanese architecture are considered. Differences in interpretations of the concept of emptiness in Eastern, Western and Russian philosophy and architecture are analyzed, it is highlighted how echoes of Zen teachings and the category of emptiness contributed to the emergence of the empty canon in the avant-garde. The devaluation of emptiness in the aesthetics of modernity and its transformation under the conditions of postmodernism are considered. In the course of analyzing the attitude of the modern generation to the categories of emptiness and space, the preconditions for the return of the attitude to emptiness and space as sacred categories of architectural culture are revealed.
THE PHENOMENON OF TIME IN THE SAMARA HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bazina Anna Nikolaevna , Repina Evgenia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of time, its manifestations in the Samara historical environment. The reflection of different modes of time in the spatial environment is an important quality of the real city, it gives the place emotional depth, defines identity, forms the spiritual and cultural life of the inhabitants. The material analyzes the following time modes: irreversible change, infinity, eternity. It is revealed that the historical environment of Samara has the quality of multitemporality (the presence of several forms of time perception), formed over a long period of time.
Development of a method for the analysis of the lists of medicines and its application for the analysis of the lists of medicines in Russia, England, and Italy
Authors: Lemeshko V. A. , Matrenin K. I. , Omelyanovskiy V. V. , Vasilyeva Yu. V. , Khachatryan G. R. , Kolganov L. A.
Published: April 2021

Objective: the development and approbation of the method for comparative analysis of the lists of medicines in different countries and systems of healthcare.

Material and methods. Based on the open-access data on the lists of medicines published on official websites of the authorized regulators, the authors selected the national lists of medicines of Russia, England, and Italy for the development and approbation of the method. It was proposed to use three parameters: the absolute number of medicines by international nonproprietary name (INN); the structure of the lists based on anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification; and the coverage of the indications based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The results of the analysis provided grounds for the review of the approaches to the formation of the lists of medicines required for medical help in Russia, England, and Italy and reimbursed from the state budget.

Results. The number of medicines by INN in the national lists of England and Italy exceeds the total number of drugs included in the list of vital essential and desirable (VED) in Russia. All the analyzed lists were characterized by an uneven distribution of medicines within the lists by the ATC groups. The lists of medicines in England and Italy significantly exceed the list of VED by the number of the included medicines by all ATC groups excluding groups J and H in comparison with Italy, and groups J and V in comparison with England. At the same time, the list of VED significantly exceeds the list in England by the number of covered indications from the ATC L group. During the approbation, the method showed to be effective and can be used for further comparative studies of the national lists of medicines.

Conclusion. Non-uniform lists of medicines by ATC-codes show that each country has priority areas in their healthcare systems. The list of VED can be shorter by the absolute number of the included medicines in England and Italy but it can exceed them by the coverage of indications due to peculiarities of the procedure of the list formation (reimbursement of medicines by all the registered indications). The results of the study with the proposed method can serve for the optimization of the VED list and the analysis of therapeutic areas that are undercovered.
Avaliação da atividade antioxidante de extratos de casca de Banana Nanica obtidos por maceração
Authors: Kotovicz Valesca , Leinecker Rafaelly , Barbosa Milena , Kruger Roberta , Mesomo Michele Cristiane
Published: April 2021

As cascas das bananas (Musa paradisíaca) representam em média 40% do peso total da fruta fresca, e são ricas em compostos bioativos com propriedades antioxidantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar fisico-químicamente cascas de banana in natura, avaliar a atividade antioxidante total (AAT) de extratos naturais obtidos de cascas de banana nanica e a influência de diferentes solventes e razão sólido-solvente na extração. Na caracterização físico-química foi avaliado o teor de umidade, proteínas, extrato etéreo, cinzas e açúcares e a AAT foi determinada pelo método espectrofotométrico de redução do composto fosfomolíbdico. A matéria-prima apresentou conteúdo significativo de proteína (7,30% b.s.) e elevado conteúdo de açúcares redutores (43,01% b.s.). Para todas as condições investigadas, os extratos obtidos por maceração hidroalcoólica tiveram AAT maior quando comparados com os extratos aquosos. A maior AAT encontrada foi de 17,42 (mg de ácido ascórbico/mL de extrato), obtida na condição de razão sólido-solvente (1:1). Para ambos os solventes apenas a variável massa de amostra apresentou efeito significativo e positivo. Esses resultados sugerem que as cascas de banana são resíduos baratos com grande potencial para produção de extratos com atividade biológica podendo ser aplicados em diversos produtos como agentes antioxidantes naturais.
Teores naturais de níquel em solos de três regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Madeira Marta de Moura , Miquelluti David José , Silva Andrei de Souza da , Campos Mari Lucia , Souza Leticia Cristina de
Published: April 2021

Elementos-traço, tal como o níquel, são de ocorrência natural no ambiente, e seus teores são muito variáveis e correlacionam-se com o material de origem. Na crosta terrestre, a abundância média de Ni é estimada em 20 mg kg-1 e, nas plantas, teores entre 0,06 a 2 mg kg-1 são considerados adequados. Contudo, a intensa ação do homem sobre o ambiente através de processos industriais e práticas agrícolas tem alterado estes teores nos solos e os elevados a níveis considerados tóxicos para as plantas e animais. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os teores naturais de níquel em solos de três regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina, e assim nortear valores de prevenção para tal elemento. Foram avaliados os teores de níquel em solos de três regiões do Estado, sendo estes coletados em áreas sem ação antrópica e na camada de 0-20 cm. As amostras foram digeridas e os teores de níquel quantificados por absorção atômica. Os solos da serra catarinense foram os que apresentaram os maiores teores de Ni, com um valor médio de 17,94 mg kg-1. Dentro das regiões estudadas não foram observadas diferenças entre os perfis de cada uma das regiões. Os teores de Ni tiveram correlação positiva com os teores de carbono orgânico, soma de bases e capacidade de troca de cátions e não tiveram correlação com os teores de argila. Existem diferenças para teores de níquel entre cada uma das regiões, sendo importante estudos de quantificação de forma regionalizada para que estas diferenças sejam abrangidas.
Estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e qualidade de vida de merendeiras
Authors: Kutz Nyvian Alexandre , Cyrillo Denise Cavallini , Silva Natália Miranda da , Portes Leslie Andrews , Pina-Oliveira Alfredo Almeida , Salgueiro Marcia Maria Hernandes de Abreu de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar as características sociodemográficas, o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade de vida de merendeiras Carapicuíba (SP). Estudo transversal, com aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida e consumo alimentar. A idade média foi 53,97 anos, a maioria com companheiro e pertencente à classe socioeconômica C. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi de 30,85 kg/m2, com 82,4% de excesso de peso e 45,5% de obesidade. A média da circunferência da cintura foi 94,5cm, indicando risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida da maioria classificou-se em “atenção”, 50,0% apresentou qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa e 45,6% regular. As merendeiras apresentam excesso de peso, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida que requerem atenção e qualidade de vida geral variando entre regular, boa e muito boa.
Pattern prescription drugs for systemic hypertension in primary health care: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Edilson Almeida de , Guerra Iris Heloísa Pereira , Volpato Débora Canassa , Okawa Rogério Toshiro Passos , Palma-Rigo Kesia , Santos Thaís da Silva , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira
Published: April 2021

We investigated scientific publications on the prescription pattern of systemic hypertension drugs and use of guidelines in primary health care by systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles were selected in the PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases, according to the PRISMA statements, from 2004 to 2020. The systematic review showed a higher prescription pattern for combination therapy (52,9%). The meta-analysis confirmed the superiority of prescription for combination therapy (OR 1.76, CI 1.29 - 2.41). Was observed higher monotherapy prevalence in the Swedish study (98%) and combined therapy in Nigerian (98%). Higher frequency prescriptive of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in Trinidad (64%); diuretics (64%), beta blockers (63%), and calcium channel blockers (53%) in Nigeria; and angiotensin-receptor blockers (43%) in Portugal. Regarding the use of guidelines, 50% the studies reported their use for the prescription of antihypertensive in primary health care.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the prepubescent and adolescent. Modern trends and researches
Authors: Ivanov Yaroslav A. , Yeltsin Alexander G. , Mininkov Dmitry S.
Published: April 2021

The article represents a literature review of research on diagnostics and treatment of ACL tears and intercondylar eminence fractures in children and adolescence published between 2015 and 2020. We scrolled the following databases: Google scholar, Pubmed, and eLilbrary. Today knee injury with isolated ACL tears in young patients is growing more frequent due to their enhanced participation in extreme sports and other organized leisure activities where the risk of injury perceives. The injury with isolated ACL tears represents 1/4 of all knee injuries. Apart from extreme activities there is another risk factor that causes ACL tears late surgical involvement. Partial ACL tears and surgical techniques of skeletal immature patients (extraphyseal and all-ephyseal) were analysed in this study too. This work also includes the subject of re-fixation of fresh ACL rupture. Perspectives of return to sports of young athletes were also analysed. The most common predictive factor of returning to sports is a patients age. Young children return to their usual physical activities more promptly. Questions of proprioceptive impact on bio-mechanics and graft re-innervation also raised. The problem of ACL tears in children and adolescent patient are relevant. It needs more researches and improvements of surgery techniques.
Validation and cultural adaptation of Russian version of KOOS-Child questionnaire
Authors: Ivanov Yaroslav A. , Yeltsin Alexander G. , Mininkov Dmitry S.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. In our research 100 patients (51 male and 49 female) aged below 18 were assessed with the following knee problems: meniscal, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament tears, mediopatellar plica syndrome, osteochondritis dissecans.
Aim: validation and cultural adaptation English version of KOOS-Child questionnaire for Russian language children and adolescent patients. Also, for using in N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics and other medical hospitals of Russian Federation.
Materials and methods. KOOS-Child has been translated in Russian language by orthopedist who is advanced in English and by professional medical translator. For control group we used Lysholm knee score. After all procedures statistical analysis was used. It consists of 3 stages: general data analysis, validation checking of questionnaire, checking objectivity and relevance of results.
Conclusions. Cronbachs alpha test score shows up very high-level consistency of the questions (0,959). Questions have high discriminatory power and results of assessment are objective and adequate. Methods of statistical analysis showed up that questionnaire can be use in practice by orthopedist.
Surgery features of aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine in children
Authors: Snetkov Aleksandr A. , Gamayunov Roman S. , Kuleshov Alexander A. , Kolesov Sergey V. , Akinshina Aleksandra D.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the long-term experience of stepwise surgical treatment of pediatric patients with aneurysmal cysts of the spine. The considered material is based on the data of long-term results and various approaches to the resection technique of pathological neoplasm; each approach takes into account the localization, lesion volume, spine growth potential, neurological status, secondary spinal deformity.
Relationship of visual, attentional and contextual variables together with internalized (depression), and externalized (behavior) problems
Authors: Estrada Fernández Xavier , Alsinet Mora Carles , Ros Morente Agnès , Viera Segura Gemma , Vicens Núñez Laura
Published: April 2021

Physical exercise as an educational formula improves the motor and cognitive learning of students, and allows us to strengthen the motor, coordinative and visual skills of the students, boys and girls, that will be decisive for their integral development. The general objective of the study is to examine the relationship of visual, attentional and contextual variables, together with internalized problems (depression), and externalized problems (behavior) in primary school students. 76 students participated in the study, of which 53 were boys (69.73%) and 23 girls (30.27%), with a mean age of 6.68 and a standard deviation of .799. The students participated in a multisport activity where three protocols were previously administered: an optometric evaluation, the Caras-R, Identical Forms-R and SENA to evaluate visual discrimination, sustained attention and contextual factors. The regressive models of the study predict, firstly, that better visual and attentional discrimination avoids depressive symptoms in students, and, secondly, that contextual factors act exclusively and directly in the face of depressive-type symptoms. The importance of the visual task as a variable directly related to depression and significantly together with attention in the prediction of adaptive behaviors stands out as a novelty. Thus, good visual discrimination is an important factor in sports practice and in the prevention of emotional and behavioral problems.
The Effects of Two-Step Tempering Treatment on the Physical, Chemical and Technological Properties of Flour in Bread Wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: KURT Mustafa , DİZLEK Halef
Published: April 2021

In this study, the effects of two-step tempering treatment on the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour were investigated. Two wheat varieties (Adana-99 and Russian) with different variety properties were used in the research. Each wheat variety was subjected to four different tempering treatments. These treatments were; a. no tempering (control), b. single-step tempering for 24 h, c. single-step tempering for 48 h and d. two-step tempering for 48 h. Following the treatment procedures, flour samples obtained from wheat samples fed to the mill were subjected to chemical and technological analyses two days after the flour samples were obtained. Results indicated that the tempering treatment had a limited improvement in the physical (flour yield and color) and chemical properties of the flour. It was found that, the tempering treatment reduced the ash and protein contents of the flour samples, however it resulted in an increase in the gluten quality. Tempering treatment for 48 h among single-step tempering treatments resulted in more improved flour quality. The findings conclude that, when water added to the wheat in the tempering process in two steps results in an improved flour quality. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism.
Sosyo-Ekonomik Faktörlerin Suç Üzerine Etkisi: Düzey-2 Bölgeleri Mekânsal Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Havva , OĞUZHAN Adil
Published: April 2021

Suç bir toplumdaki tüm bireyleri ve dolayısıyla tüm ülkeyi ilgilendiren önemli sosyal sorunlardan biridir. Bireylere veya kanunlara karşı işlenen bu suçlar çok geniş bir yelpazede değerlendirilebilmekte ve yol açacağı sonuçlar da benzer şekilde büyük ölçüde problemlere neden olabilmektedir. Suç olayları çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerden etkilenmekte olup bu faktörlerin bilinmesi ve dolayısıyla bu eğilimlerin doğru bir biçimde anlaşılması, suçla mücadele programlarının doğru şekilde yürütülmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın örneklemi 2008-2018 dönemine ait Türkiye Düzey2 bölgelerinin suç sayıları ve suç sayılarını belirleyen ekonomik ve demografik faktörlerden oluşmaktadır. Suç değişkenleri arasından toplam suçlar içerisinde en fazla paya sahip değişkenler örnekleme alınmıştır. Bu değişkenler hırsızlık ve yaralama suçlarını içermektedir. Suç sayılarını etkileyen faktörler ise kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla, işsizlik oranı, genç nüfus oranı, kentleşme oranı, bölgelerin aldığı göç sayıları ve okuma-yazma bilmeyen nüfusun toplam nüfusa oranı olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışmada dengeli panel veri seti kullanılarak, iki farklı ekonometrik model kurulmuştur. Hırsızlık suçu modelinde uygun mekânsal panel regresyon modeli sabit etkili genel mekânsal (SAC) model olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurulan modelde göç değişkeni dışında tüm değişkenlerin hırsızlık suçunu açıklamada anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaralama suçu modelinde benzer şekilde uygun model sabit etkili genel mekânsal (SAC) model olarak belirlenmiştir. Tahmin edilen model sonucunda yalnızca kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla ve okuma yazma bilmeyen nüfus oranı değişkenlerinin yaralama suçunu açıklamada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı faktörler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Una aproximación a la diplomática episcopal en la Edad Moderna, siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Rico Callado Francisco Luis
Published: April 2021

Los estudios sobre diplomática episcopal en la Edad Moderna son muy escasos. A partir de fondos procedentes de diferentes diócesis, este trabajo pretende aproximarse a dicha cuestión a través del estudio de la conscriptio y de una descripción de algunos de los tipos documentales más significativos. Asimismo, se atiende a operaciones como el registro o la tasación. Tras destacar algunas diferencias puntuales, se descubren los rasgos comunes de la documentación episcopal de las diferentes circunscripciones, tanto desde un punto de vista tipológico como en lo que respecta a la generación de los documentos.
UZUN SAVAŞLAR DÖNEMİNDEN BİR KESİT: ERDEL’İN TEMEŞVAR’I GERİ ALMA TEŞEBBÜSLERİ (1596-97)
Authors: HEPER Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Döneminde Osmanlı topraklarına katılan Temeşvar, yaklaşık 164 yıl Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde kalmıştır. 1552 yılında Ahmet Paşa’nın girişimleriyle Osmanlı sancağına dönüştürülen Temeşvar, Osmanlı-Habsburg güçleri arasında başlayan uzun savaşlara değin herhangi bir tehditle karşılaşmamıştır. Bu dönemde Eflak ve Boğdan voyvodaları ile birlikte merkezi otoriteye isyan eden Erdel Hâkimi Sigismund Bathory, bunun hemen öncesinde Banat bölgesinde bulunan Hristiyan ahaliyi isyana teşvik ederek bu işgallere zemin oluşturmak istemiştir. Özellikle Osmanlıların iç ve dış problemler yaşadığı dönemi fırsata çevirmek istediğinden, 1596 yılında Temeşvar’ı işgal edip Erdel topraklarına katmayı denemişse de, Tatar ordularının ve Cafer Paşa’nın yerinde olan yardımları sayesinde buna muvaffak olamamıştır. 1597 yılında şansını ikinci kez deneyen Sigismund, Erdel’de en güvendiği adamı olan Ştefan Josika komutasında birliklerini yeniden Temeşvar’a göndermiş, ancak herhangi bir netice elde edememiştir. 1598 yılında Satırcı Mehmed Paşa, Banat’ta baş gösteren Erdel tehdidini sonlandırmak için harekete geçmiş ve bölgede Osmanlı hâkimiyetini yeniden tesis etmiştir.
SİNOP BALATLAR KİLİSESİ YAPI TOPLULUĞU KAZISI: ORTODOKS-HIRİSTİYAN MEZARLARINDAN ÇIKARILAN GEÇ OSMANLI DÖNEMİNE AİT TAKILARIN TEKNİK VE DESEN ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GENEL DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: KORUCU YAĞIZ Feray
Published: April 2021

Kendisini güzel hissetmek ve etrafına güzel görünmek isteyen insan tarafından, bu ihtiyacın giderilmesine yönelik üretilen takıların tarihsel süreç içerisinde insan hayatında hep var olduğu görülmüştür. Öyle ki gücün, asaletin, estetik zevkin ve inancın sembolü olarak görülen takıların zaman içerisinde kullanımlarında meydana gelen değişimleri, bu alanda başlı başına bir yaratım gerçekleştirilmesini ve bu durumla ilişkili olarak bir sanat kolu meydana getirilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu sanat sahası içerisinde her bir eserin; malzeme, form özellikleri, yapım teknikleri özellikle süslemede kullanılan değerli, yarı değerli taşların, organik, inorganik malzemeler üzerinden tetkikinin yapılması, eserlerin dönemsel değişim ve gelişim süreçlerindeki evriminin belirlenmesini olanaklı hale getirmiştir. Sınır ve kapsamı belli olan her bir detaylı çalışmayla eserin ait olduğu kültürün izleri en net şekliyle tartışılabilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, Prof. Dr. Gülgün Köroğlu’nun başkanlığında 2010 yılından beri sürdü-rülen Sinop Balatlar Kilisesi Yapı Topluluğu Kazısında mezarlık alanında, mezar buluntusu olarak ele geçen takıların ve bu grupta kullanılan diğer aksesuarların genel bir değerlendirmeyle tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Dönemin dinsel, kültürel ve sanatsal zevkini yansıtan malzeme gruplarının teknik ve desen özelliklerinden hareket edile-rek yapılan inceleme ve değerlendirmeyle geç XVII-XX. yüzyıl tarihleri arasında, Geç Osmanlı Dönemi’nde yaşayan Ortodoks-Hıristiyan halkın yaşam biçimlerinin takı zevki, takılara yüklenen anlam ve ölümün algılanışı hususunda belli çözümle-meler yapılması ve konuyla ilgili genel bir perspektif yaratılması hedeflenmiştir.
Diagnóstico sobre protocolos de bioseguridad en el sector turístico de América Latina y el Caribe: Informe diagnóstico
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: April 2021

This document includes a diagnosis of the adequacy of existing biosafety protocols in the tourism sector (with a focus on accommodation, restaurants, local transport, beaches, airports, and ports) to address the risks of Covid-19. Diagnosis identifies the main risk nodes of contagion and their level of coverage by protocols. It also discusses implementation, communication, and control procedures and existing needs to strengthen them.
Aspects of the Hydrogeology of southern Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Perry Eugene C. , Leal-Bautista Rosa M. , Velázquez-Olimán Guadalupe , Sánchez-Sánchez Joan A. , Wagner Nikklas
Published: April 2021

This paper explores strong indirect evidence for existence of a previously unrecognized deep groundwater aquifer in southern Quintana Roo, adjacent parts of Campeche, and (probably) northern Belize. The region contains rocks of Cretaceous-to-Holocene age, including: 1) an up-thrust block of the late Cretaceous carbonate known in Belize as the Barton Creek Formation, which is the oldest formation exposed in the Mexican Yucatán Peninsula, 2) the Cretaceous/Paleogene Albion Formation consisting of weakly consolidated Chicxulub impact air-fall deposits, 3) the Paleocene-Eocene Icaiche Formation, containing a massive 25-35 m thick gypsum member that crops out over an estimated area of more than 10,000 km2 in the elevated interior region of the northern lowlands, and 4) younger rocks of relatively low permeability that flank the region on the east. Hydrogeology is dominated by groundwater and surface flow in and adjacent to the Rio Hondo Fault Zone (RHFZ) and by recharge in the elevated interior region. Groundwater in the elevated region has a high sulfate concentration and is approximately saturated with gypsum dissolved from the Icaiche Formation. High-sulfate groundwater and river water with a slightly lower gypsum saturation index than in the elevated region also occurs in the RHFZ, but no water of comparably high sulfate content is present elsewhere in the study area. This suggests that the elevated region is a recharge zone for high-sulfate groundwater carried eastward beneath a 50 km gap by a deep, previously unrecognized aquifer and then discharged into the RHFZ. Based on chemistry of chloride, sulfate and other ions it is proposed here that a deep aquifer comprising the strongly weathered upper surface of the Barton Creek Formation plus the overlying weakly consolidated Albion Formation connects the elevated recharge area with the RHFZ discharge area. If this composite permeable zone does extend westward beneath the elevated recharge zone, it is probably an excellent aquifer.
Sedimentary environment and provenance of sandstones from the Qadir member in the Nayband Formation, Tabas block, east-central Iran
Authors: Zamaniyan Ehsan , Khanehbad Mohammad , Moussavi-Harami Reza , Mahboubi Asadollah
Published: April 2021

Qadir Member of Nayband Formation, located in East of Central Iran, has developed to a great extent. Investigation of the lithofacies and sedimentary environment, resulted in identification of the deltaic and marine deposits. Based on field evidence and facies features, Qadir Member consists of two lithofacies, including carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The siliciclastic facies were identified as having four sandstone facies including Sr, Sh, Sp, St, three fine-grained lithofacies, including FI, Fm, Fl (Sr) / Sr (FI) and one coal facies. Also, regarding the field, laboratory studies, and identification of lithofacies, the coastal plain, deltaic (including deltaic plain, proximal delta front, distal delta front, and prodelta) and open marine environments were identified for Qadir Member which is is under the impact of tidal currents. The chemical weathering index (71%) indicated semi-arid to semi-humid conditions and plotting the geochemical data showed the provenance of re-cycling and active continental margin and because of Chemical Index of Alteration, the weathering rate was found to be rather medium to high. The geochemical diagrams also showed a probable source of the intermediate igneous and sedimentary rocks. The active continental margin conditions for this deposit could suggest the Neotethys subduction under Iran’s plate and volcanic activity at the end of Triassic, which coincided with the early Cimmerian orogeny in Alborz and Central East Iranian Microcontinent.
Properties of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Modified Cellulose Insulation Paper with Different Number of Phenyls
Authors: Gao Jin , Guo Sihua , Liu Jiaquan , Li Jiao
Published: April 2021

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has a total of eight substituents. The number of substituents determines the modification effect of POSS. Through simulation of molecular dynamics, this paper explores how the number of substituents affects the POSS-modified cellulose insulation paper. Specifically, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and polarizability were calculated for cellulose models with 1-phenyl POSS, 2-phenyl POSS, 3-phenyl POSS, 4-phenyl POSS, 5-phenyl POSS, 6-phenyl POSS, 7-phenyl POSS, and 8-phenyl POSS, respectively. The results show that the cellulose model modified by 6-phenyl POSS achieved better effect than the other seven models, as evidenced by its distinctively large bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic modulus. Besides, the cellulose model modified by 6-phenyl POSS had the most stable and the minimum mean square displacement (MSD). This is because the mechanical properties of the insulation paper are improved, as the motion of cellulose chains is inhibited by the nano-size effect of POSS and the effect of phenyls. Further, the cellulose model modified by 6-phenyl POSS also had the smallest polarizability among the modified models. Therefore, the 6-phenyl POSS-modified cellulose model can effectively reduce the polarizability of cellulose, uniform the electric field distribution in oil-paper insulation system, and thus enhance the insulation property of transformers.
Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Tapered Receiver Utilization in Solar Cycloidal Concentrating System for Enhancement of System Efficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Mohan , Dingare Sunil , Kulkarni Chandrakant
Published: April 2021

This paper presents modeling, simulation and analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow in the tapered receiver used in solar cycloidal concentrating system which is a novel concept. The main objective of this paper is to analyze performance of solar cycloidal concentrating system by utilizing novel concept of tapered receiver for enhancement of system efficiency. This solar cycloidal concentrating system is used for testing purpose from Jan 20-April 20 in Pune city, India. The calibrated device Pyranometer is used to provide values of solar irradiance. Readings are taken daily after each one hour for the whole day. Modeling of the tapered receiver tube which is novelty of this research is done using SOLIDWORKS software. The governing equations of fluid flow and heat transfer in the system are solved by using ANSYS-CFX CFD software. The obtained results show efficiency increment and rise in temperature. Experimental results and analysis using software shows that using novel concept of tapered receiver, there is noticeable decrement in thermal losses as there is decrement in the area of receiver from inlet to outlet of receiver tube and hence increase in the efficiency is observed. The tapered receiver is designed in such a way that, the entire receiver tube of 20 feet is cut into a separate 20 pieces. Each piece is having 304.80 mm in long. Total 20 pieces are separately designed for manufacturing of taper receiver. For each piece cut of 0.9 mm from inlet to outlet is taken for OD as well as for ID using CNC machine. Tapered receiver was manufactured by using various operations which includes MS rod cutting, machining, welding, arrangement for sensor fitting at said location and end nozzles.
Mixing Characteristics of Supersonic Jet from Bevelled Nozzles
Authors: Kumar Bholu , Verma Suresh Kant , Srivastava Shantanu
Published: April 2021

The present study focuses on the effect of nozzle exit inclination on the mixing characteristics of Mach 2.17 overexpanded jets at the NPR 5, NPR 6 and NPR 7, using commercial software package ANSYS Fluent. The convergent-divergent nozzles, investigated are circular nozzle and bevel nozzle with bevel angle 300, and bevel angel 450. The nozzles are constructed with equal throat-to-exit area ratio, in order to maintain uniform Mach number at the nozzle exit. From the results, it was found that, the bevelled nozzles effectively reduce the jet core as much as 46%, indicating enhanced jet mixing. It was also observed that at lower NPR, i.e., at NPR 5, the Bevel30 nozzle is found superior over Bevel45 and circular nozzle and at the intermediate NPR, both of the Bevel30 and Bevel45 nozzle reduces the jet core with the same rate. However, at highest NPR of the present study, the Bevel45 nozzle exhibits the highest mixing enhancement. An early axis switching is seen for the Bevel30 jet at NPR 5 and for the Bevel45 jet at NPR 7.
Flow Patterns of Oil-Gas and Pressure Gradients in Near-Horizontal Flow Pipeline: Experimental Investigation Using Differential Pressure Transducers
Authors: Musa Veyan A. , Mahmood Raid A. , Khalifa Shwan M. Noori , Ali Omar M. , Abdulkareem Lokman A.
Published: April 2021

The current investigation aimed to identify pressure gradients and to study the fully developed flow patterns of oil-gas as a blend in a pipe of internal diameter 50 mm and 6 m length with different orientations of 0, 30, and 45-degree. The study was performed at constant values of liquid superficial velocities 0.052, 0.157, 0.262, 0.314, 0.419, and 0.524 m/s, and inlet superficial velocities of gas were ranged from 0.05 to 4.7 m/s at atmospheric pressure. Two pressure transducers located up and downstream were used to measure pressure drops inside the tested pipe. Flow patterns were derived by using the correlation between pressure gradients and time series, the Probability Density Function of differential pressures, pressure gradients with gas superficial velocities, and total pressure losses with mean void fractions. The flow patterns of oil-gas were observed as a uniform stratified flow in the pipe on a 0-degree orientation at various superficial velocities. Stratified, wavy, and slug flow patterns were observed at 30-degree orientation, whereas, bubbly, slug, and churn flow patterns were observed in the pipe of 45-degree orientation. The experiment also showed that pressure drop gradients decreased with increased void fractions, gas superficial velocities, and degree rotations of the flow lines. Finally, the validation of using pressure transducers as a technique for estimating the flow patterns of two-phase flow showed acceptable results with some kind of patterns.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Pola Tanam Berbasis Padi Gogo di Maluku
Authors: Santoso Agung Budi , Kaihatu Sheny , Waas Edwin
Published: April 2021

The upland rice-based cropping pattern is a form of double cropping or crop rotation in which upland rice as a basic commodity (base crop) which can be preceded or alternated with other food crops as a secondary crop. This study was conducted on dry land agro-ecosystems in the Tanimbar Islands Regency (West Southeast Maluku), from March to December 2017. This study was an adaptive research with a field experiment approach in farmer's land.  The objective of this research was to obtain the most profitable cropping patterns, efficiency in land use and economically also has the highest net profit so it is appropriate to be recommended as a technology innovation for upland rice-based cropping patterns in dry land. The results showed that upland rice which was cultivated in multiple ways through intercropping or overlapped cropping, namely Introduced Cropping Pattern 1 (Upland Rice + Maize-Peanuts) and Introduced Cropping Pattern 2 (Upland Rice + Corn/Cassava-Green Beans-Peanuts) can increase land productivity (index planting of 222% and 288%, respectively) and farmers' income increased by 244-588% compared to upland rice grown in monoculture. Multiple cropping patterns can be recommended as a technology package for upland rice-based cropping patterns on dry land because of its efficiency in the use of production costs and land use. Furthermore, it gave the highest farm income of IDR63,933,100,-/ha/year with a net profit of IDR45,716,380,-/ha/year or IDR15,238,793,-/ha/ cropping season.

Keywords: cropping pattern, farming, land use, upland rice
Analysis of Fire Catchers in Sago Palm Smallholding Plantations on Peatland in Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province
Authors: Silviana Sinta Haryati , Muhammad Ahmad , Gunawan Haris , Basuki Imam
Published: April 2021

Fire on peatlands takes place not only in areas where preparation for cultivation is in progress, but also in areas that have been cultivated, such as for sago palm growing. One of the important factors that influence the vulnerability of cultivated peatlands to fire is the availability and amount of biomass fuel that easily catches fire, such as ferns, grasses, and broadleaved shrubs in their living as well as dead (litter) stages. The present study concerns the vulnerability of peatland utilized for sago growing by smallholders, focused in Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the composition and assess the biomass of fire catchers in the sago palm plantation. Data collection was conducted in three locations in Kepau Baru Village. In each location, a 1000 m-long transect line was drawn and 10 sampling plots of 2 m x 2 m were established along the line with 100 m intervals. Results showed that total biomass of fire catchers in this growing system was averaged at 24681 kg/ha, in which the dead plant fraction was predominating (average at 17478 kg/ha or 70.81%) over the living plant fraction (in average 7203 kg/ha or 29.19%). The latter consisted of ferns that averaged at 2.191 kg/ha or 30.42%, grasses (20 kg/ha or 0.28%), non-woody broadleaved shrubs (581 kg/ha or 8.07%), and woody broadleaved shrubs (4411 kg/ha or 61.24%). The amount of fire catchers in relatively large quantities in this plantation system could magnify fire risk during drier months, especially during El-nino years.

Keywords: biomass, fire risk, grasses, non-woody broadleaved shrubs, woody broadleaved shrubs
The In Vitro Screening of Drought Tolerant Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies - IPB collections
Authors: Jolanda Laisina Jane Kathryne , Maharijaya Awang , Sobir Sobir , Purwito Agus
Published: April 2021

In supporting the replacement of potato varieties with the varieties that are adaptive to drought, effective and fast methods are needed. One of which is through in vitro screening of drought-tolerant genotypes. The aims of this research were to determine the appropriate concentration of sorbitol as a critical limit in the in vitro screening process of drought-tolerant genotypes, as well as to determine vegetative characteristics that could be used as indicators of in vitro selection and also to obtain in vitro drought-tolerant genotypes. To achieve these objectives, we used single-nodal explants of seven genotypes cultured for six weeks on MS media added with four levels of sorbitol concentration. Of the four treatments, sorbitol level that could distinguish susceptible and tolerant plants was 0.2 M sorbitol and at this concentration, the characteristics that showed significant interactions were plant height and root length, so that both characteristics could be used as selection indicators for the analysis of tolerance tests for the seven genotypes. The results of tolerance test using the analysis of relative decline and stress-susceptibility index (SSI) showed that PKHT4 and PKHT6 were the genotypes that were tolerant in vitro.

Keywords: drought tolerant, in vitro, Solanum tuberosum, sorbitol
Identifikasi dan Uji Patogenisitas Colletotrichum spp. dari Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum): Kasus di Kricaan, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sari Noorkomala , Kasiamdari Rina Sri
Published: April 2021

The investigation of the agent causing diseases is the first step to determine and control the spread of diseases. Anthracnose causing fruit rot on the red pepper in Indonesia that reduces the yield up to 90%. Colletotrichum is reported as the causative fungal agent of anthracnosis on the red pepper. This study aims to determine the type of Colletotrichum spp. pathogenic fungi on the red pepper collected from Agricultural Field Kricaan, Magelang, Central Java. Methods of identification included macroscopic and microscopic characterization and followed by determining the pathogenicity of the pathogenic agent. In this study, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are identified as the causative agents of anthracnose in the red pepper collected from the study location. C. acutatum PC3 strain is identified as the most virulent pathogenic agent.

Keywords: anthracnosis, diagnosis, diseases, symptoms, pathogen