bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional research on sleep hygiene and health complaints among Pakistani college students
Authors: Rashid Arshi , Sahar Najam-us
Published: February 2020

With recent technological advancement, a major shift in the lifestyle of individuals has been observed. This change is more evident in youth in terms of sleep pattern changes and socialization. It is therefore important to assess the quality of life in this productive group of society. The protocol consisted of the Urdu version of the demographic questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Cohen-Hoberman Inventory of Physical symptoms (CHIPS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). A total of 150 young adults (boys = 62, girls = 88) were included through convenience sampling. A significant positive association was found between poor sleep quality and health complaints (r = 0.53**). However, a significant negative association was found between poor sleep and quality of life in terms of physical health, psychological health, social relationships and the environment (r = −0.57**, −0.35**, −0.39**, −0.33**), respectively, which indicates the importance of sleep in determining quality of life. Furthermore, the majority of the participants (57%) reported good sleep quality and low health complaints [M = 15.08, standard deviation (SD) = 13.29] whereas 43% of participants reported poor sleep quality, more health complaints (M = 32.94, SD = 22.59) and poor quality of life. It shows that most of the participants are healthy and able to manage their daily routine, work commitment and provide services for country’s development.
Students’ Self-assessed Competence Levels during Nursing Education Continuum – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Kajander-Unkuri Satu , Meretoja Riitta , Katajisto Jouko , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Suikkala Arja
Published: February 2020

During nursing education, nursing students are required to develop their competence to be able to fulfill their duties safely as Registered Nurses. The aims of this study were to explore 1) nursing students’ self-assessed competence levels during education 2) the relationship with competence and frequency at which competencies are utilized in clinical practice, and 3) factors related to competence levels. 841 (response rate 67.6 %) nursing students responded to the Nurse Competence Scale in a cross-sectional study. The self-assessed overall competence levels were improving during the education continuum (VAS-means 1st 56.6; 2nd 58.3; 3rd 59.8 and 3.5th -year students 68.4). Every group revealed a significant positive correlation with competence and frequency at which competencies are utilized in clinical practice in clinical placement. Risk factors for low competence were also identified. Systematic multimethod competence evaluations with longitudinal designs are needed to monitor outcomes of nursing education.
Modeling the Impact of Rain on Population Exposed to Air Pollution
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Kumari Nitu
Published: February 2020

Air pollution is caused by contamination of air due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. The growing air pollution has diverse adverse effects on human health and other living species. However, a significant reduction in the concentration of air pollutants has been observed during the rainy season. Recently, a number of studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of removal of air pollutants due to the rain. These studies have found that rain is helpful in removing many air pollutants from the environment. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model to investigate the role of rain in the removal of air pollutants and its subsequent impacts on the human population.
Elaboration, distanciation, polynomie: naissance et feux croisés de la sociolinguistique corse
Authors: Thiers Jacques
Published: February 2020

This article proposes to return to the “birth” of Corsican sociolinguistics and the main notions that fuelled the emergence of Corsican as “language”. The reflection goes back to the development of the 1970s and 1980s in order to better understand the context of the time and the reasons that allowed such a birth. It will also highlight the contribution of the main figures of this period and the constant relationship with Corsican sociolinguists. Two important figures emerge from this dialogue, notably Heinz Kloss and Jean-Baptiste Marcellesi whose theories have been taken up and crossed to characterize the evolution of the Corsican situation. Thus, discussed here are, in particular, the concepts of elaboration, distancing and polynomie.
Chestnut beer, Corsica-Cola, and wine bottles: The commodification of Corsican in the linguistic and semiotic landscapes of the island’s drinks industry
Authors: Blackwood Robert
Published: February 2020

Within sociolinguistics, work on the commodification of language has gathered pace in recent decades. Monica Heller, in “Globalisation, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity”, published in 2003 in the Journal of Sociolinguistics, contends that in the new globalized economy, language is commodified as a measurable skill, an inalienable characteristic of group members, and a marker of authenticity. Whilst the ability to speak Corsican is a potential aspect of the commodification of the language on the island, this article will explore in particular the extent to which the Corsican language is a characteristic of Corsican-ness, as well as a marker of value and authenticity in the economic market on the island (see Monica Heller and Alexandre Duchêne, “Pride and profit: changing discourses of language, capital, and nation-state”, published in 2012 in Language in late capitalism: pride and profit). Based on a corpus of product labelling from Corsican soft and alcoholic drinks, I investigate the extent to which Corsican, as a named language, and other visual resources are used for meaning-making in the presentation of local products. In doing so, I consider here the unevenness in the use of Corsican in the labelling of drinks which reflects the contours of regional language revitalisation and the shifting cultural value attributed to both French and Corsican depending on the product that retailers are seeking to sell.
Effects of gabapentinoids on responses of primary cultures from rat dorsal root ganglia to inflammatory or somatosensory stimuli
Authors: Leisengang Stephan , Ott Daniela , Murgott Jolanta , Nürnberger Franz , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Rummel Christoph , Schmidt Martin , Roth Joachim
Published: February 2020

Background

Gabapentinoids are known to reduce neuropathic pain. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether gabapentinoids exert anti-inflammatory and/or anti-nociceptive effects at the cellular level using primary cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG).

Methods

Cells from rat DRG were cultured in the presence of gabapentin or pregabalin, and we tested the effects of subsequent stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of genes (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by specific bioassays. Using Ca2+ imaging, we further investigated in neurons the effects of gabapentinoids upon stimulation with the TRPV-1 agonist capsaicin.

Results

There is a small influence of gabapentinoids on the inflammatory response to LPS stimulation, namely, a significantly reduced expression of IL-6. Pregabalin and gabapentin further seem to exert a moderate inhibitory influence on capsaicin-induced Ca2+ signals in DRG neurons.

Conclusions

Although the single inhibitory effects of gabapentinoids on inflammatory and nociceptive responses are moderate, a combination of both effects might provide an explanation for the proposed function of these substances as an adjuvant for the reduction of neuropathic pain.
Numerics of acoustical 2D tomography based on the conservation laws
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Klyuchinskiy Dmitriy V. , Novikov Nikita S. , Shishlenin Maxim A.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the mathematical modeling of the 2D acoustic waves propagation, based on the conservation laws.
The hyperbolic first-order system of partial differential equations is considered and solved by the method of S. K. Godunov.
The inverse problem of reconstructing the density and the speed of sound of the medium is considered.
We apply the gradient method to reconstruct the parameters of the medium.
The gradient of the functional is obtained.
Numerical results are presented.
Strong and weak convergence of Ishikawa iterations for best proximity pairs
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa , Manna S. I. Ezhil , Eldred A. Anthony , Otafudu Olivier Olela
Published: February 2020

Let A and B be nonempty subsets of a normed linear space X. A mapping T : A ∪ B → A ∪ B is said to be a noncyclic relatively nonexpansive mapping if T(A) ⊆ A, T(B) ⊆ B and ∥Tx − Ty∥ ≤ ∥x − y∥ for all (x, y) ∈ A × B. A best proximity pair for such a mapping T is a point (p, q) ∈ A × B such that p = Tp, q = Tq and d(p, q) = dist(A, B). In this work, we introduce a geometric notion of proximal Opiaľs condition on a nonempty, closed and convex pair of subsets of strictly convex Banach spaces. By using this geometric notion, we study the strong and weak convergence of the Ishikawa iterative scheme for noncyclic relatively nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. We also establish a best proximity pair theorem for noncyclic contraction type mappings in the setting of strictly convex Banach spaces.
Sandra Lapointe, ed., Philosophy of Mind in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Horst Steven
Published: February 2020

Reviewed by Steven Horst.
A Verification Approach Used in Developing the Rapid Refresh and Other Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Authors: Turner D.D. , Hamilton J. , Moninger W. , Smith M. , Strong B. , Pierce R. , Hagerty V. , Holub K. , Benjamin S. G.
Published: February 2020

Developing and improving numerical weather prediction models such as the Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) requires a well-designed, easy-to-use evaluation capability using observations. Owing to the very complex nonlinear interactions between the data assimilation system and the representation of various physics components in the model, changes to one aspect of the modeling system
to address a particular shortcoming within the model may have detrimental impacts in another area. Thus, the model verification approach used in the Global Systems Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory—which actively develops the RAP and HRRR models and other forecasting systems—is designed
to allow hypothesis-driven testing of different aspects of the model using observations. In this approach, model changes easily and quickly can be quantified by automatically comparing simulated geophysical variables against many different types of observations that are collected operationally by various agencies, including the
National Weather Service. We have implemented this approach in the Model Analysis Tool Suite (MATS). A key aspect of MATS is the use of a database-driven system that stores partial sums of model minus observation pairs over specified geographical regions in order to reduce the dimensionality of the data and, thus, improve
the response time of the system. These partial sums are created and stored in a manner that allows the data to be visualized in different ways, thereby providing new insights into the ability of that particular version of the model to replicate the observed atmospheric conditions.
Towards a Model of Olympic Social Capital: Theory and Early Evidence
Authors: Prüschenk Nathalie , Kurscheidt Markus
Published: February 2020

Towards a model of Olympic social capital: Theory and early evidence Social capital in sports has become an increasingly studied topic. In particular, it has been argued that social capital is created by value-based cultural practices and social exchanges with respect to sport participation and sporting events. However, empirical evidence is scarce and does not capture causal relationships in the process of social capital creation. A general criticism in the social capital literature is that the existing theory falls short of modelling causalities in more detail. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a causal model of social capital formation within the Olympic movement. It is an exemplary case because of the global esteem of the Olympic Games and their value foundation in Olympism. The worldwide awareness of the Olympics moreover creates social capital among spectators. However, the process of how the perception of Olympic values by spectators is transformed into Olympic social capital is not well understood. Thus, the theoretical modelling focuses on the so-called bridging capital accumulated by Olympic spectators. It is reasoned that the interrelationship of the three Olympic key values of respect, friendship and excellence is perceived and adopted by live spectators via a cyclic process of simultaneous experience resulting in a sustainable episodic memory. In contrast, broadcast spectators develop a dichotomous semantic memory, more influenced by socio-economic tensions caused by the commodification of the Olympic value of excellence. Hence, the live Olympic capital tends to be larger than the broadcast Olympic capital. The plausibility of the model’s propositions is illustrated by data from a cluster sample (N=1,703) of German broadcast spectators of and visitors to the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games. The basic proposition of the larger live Olympic capital is confirmed, while the evidence for the emotional exposure and socio-economic environment when experiencing the event is mixed.
EGF and a GSK3 Inhibitor Deplete Junctional E-cadherin and Stimulate Proliferation in the Mature Mammalian Ear
Authors: Kozlowski Mikolaj M. , Rudolf Mark A. , Corwin Jeffrey T.
Published: February 2020

Sensory hair cell losses underlie the vast majority of permanent hearing and balance deficits in humans, but many nonmammalian vertebrates can fully recover from hearing impairments and balance dysfunctions because supporting cells (SCs) in their ears retain lifelong regenerative capacities that depend on proliferation and differentiation as replacement hair cells. Most SCs in vertebrate ears stop dividing during embryogenesis; and soon after birth, vestibular SCs in mammals transition to lasting quiescence as they develop massively thickened circumferential F-actin bands at their E-cadherin-rich adherens junctions. Here, we report that treatment with EGF and a GSK3 inhibitor thinned the circumferential F-actin bands throughout the sensory epithelium of cultured utricles that were isolated from adult mice of either sex. That treatment also caused decreases in E-cadherin, β-catenin, and YAP in the striola, and stimulated robust proliferation of mature, normally quiescent striolar SCs. The findings suggest that E-cadherin-rich junctions, which are not present in the SCs of the fish, amphibians, and birds which readily regenerate hair cells, are responsible in part for the mammalian ear's vulnerability to permanent balance and hearing deficits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMillions of people are affected by hearing and balance deficits that arise when loud sounds, ototoxic drugs, infections, and aging cause hair cell losses. Such deficits are permanent for humans and other mammals, but nonmammals can recover hearing and balance after supporting cells regenerate replacement hair cells. Mammalian supporting cells lose the capacity to proliferate around the time they develop unique, exceptionally reinforced, E-cadherin-rich intercellular junctions. Here, we report the discovery of a pharmacological treatment that thins F-actin bands, depletes E-cadherin, and stimulates proliferation in long-quiescent supporting cells within a balance epithelium from adult mice. The findings suggest that high E-cadherin in those supporting cell junctions may be responsible, in part, for the permanence of hair cell loss in mammals.
San Geminiano:
Authors: Huffman Kristin Love , Dundas Iara
Published: February 2020

In San Geminiano: “A Ruby among Many Pearls,” Kristin Love Huffman and Iara Dundas use a digital reconstruction to reconsider the sixteenth-century Venetian church of San Geminiano and its siting within Piazza San Marco. Demolished in 1807, the church was significant within its Venetian context, but its importance has largely been forgotten. Through their historical reconstruction, based on analyses of archival plans and elevations, illustrated representations, written descriptions and inscriptions, and theoretical treatises, Huffman and Dundas demonstrate the methodological processes of 3-D modeling and the interpretive value of the resulting models for the study of architectural and urban histories. In addition, their work on San Geminiano enables a reevaluation of this historically important yet now lost structure's architecture and its relationship to the space of Piazza San Marco—the political center, socioeconomic nexus, and ceremonial entry point of Venice.
Cross-Cultural Work in Music Cognition
Authors: Jacoby Nori , Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth , Clayton Martin , Hannon Erin , Honing Henkjan , Iversen John , Klein Tobias Robert , Mehr Samuel A. , Pearson Lara , Peretz Isabelle , Perlman Marc , Polak Rainer , Ravignani Andrea , Savage Patrick E. , Steingo Gavin , Stevens Catherine J. , Trainor Laurel , Trehub Sandra , Veal Michael , Wald-Fuhrmann Melanie
Published: February 2020

Many foundational questions in the psychology of music require cross-cultural approaches, yet the vast majority of work in the field to date has been conducted with Western participants and Western music. For cross-cultural research to thrive, it will require collaboration between people from different disciplinary backgrounds, as well as strategies for overcoming differences in assumptions, methods, and terminology. This position paper surveys the current state of the field and offers a number of concrete recommendations focused on issues involving ethics, empirical methods, and definitions of “music” and “culture.”
The Development of Sensitivity to Tonality Structure of Music
Authors: Matsunaga Rie , Hartono Pitoyo , Yokosawa Koichi , Abe Jun-ichi
Published: February 2020

Tonal schemata are shaped by culture-specific music exposure. The acquisition process of tonal schemata has been delineated in Western mono-musical children, but cross-cultural variations have not been explored. We examined how Japanese children acquire tonal schemata in a bi-musical culture characterized by the simultaneous, and unbalanced, appearances of Western (dominant) music along with traditional Japanese (non-dominant) music. Progress of this acquisition was indexed by gauging children’s sensitivities to musical scale membership (differentiating scale-tones from non-scale-tones) and differences in tonal stability among scale tones (differentiating the tonic from another scale tone). Children (7-, 9-, 11-, 13-, and 14-year-olds) and adults judged how well two types of target tones (scale tone vs. non-scale tone; tonic vs. non-tonic) fit a preceding Western or traditional Japanese tonal context. Results showed that even 7-year-olds showed sensitivity to Western scale membership while sensitivity to Japanese scale membership did not appear until age nine. Also, sensitivity to the tonic emerged at age 13 for both types of melodies. These results suggest that even though they are exposed to both types of music simultaneously from birth, Japanese children begin by acquiring the tonal schema of the dominant Western music and this age of acquisition is not delayed relative to Western mono-musical peers.
Choosing the Right Tune
Authors: Warrenburg Lindsay A.
Published: February 2020

When designing a new study regarding how music can portray and elicit emotion, one of the most crucial design decisions involves choosing the best stimuli. Every researcher must find musical samples that are able to capture an emotional state, are appropriate lengths, and have minimal potential for biasing participants. Researchers have often utilized musical excerpts that have previously been used by other scholars, but the appropriate musical choices depend on the specific goals of the study in question and will likely change among various research designs. The intention of this paper is to examine how musical stimuli have been selected in a sample of 306 research articles dating from 1928 through 2018. Analyses are presented regarding the designated emotions, how the stimuli were selected, the durations of the stimuli, whether the stimuli are excerpts from a longer work, and whether the passages have been used in studies about perceived or induced emotion. The results suggest that the literature relies on nine emotional terms, focuses more on perceived emotion than on induced emotion, and contains mostly short musical stimuli. I suggest that some of the inconclusive results from previous reviews may be due to the inconsistent use of emotion terms throughout the music community.
Inner Space/Outer Space
Authors: Partridge Christopher
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the relationship between inner space (the mind/consciousness) and perceptions of outer space (the extraterrestrial) in Western psychedelic cultures. In particular, it analyses the writings and lectures of Terence McKenna, the most influential psychedelic thinker since the 1960s. Assimilating a broad range of ideas taken from esotericism, shamanism, and science fiction, McKenna became the principal architect of an occult theory of psychedelic experiences referred to here as psychedelic ufology. The article further argues that McKenna was formatively influenced by the ideas of Carl Jung and that, as such, much subsequent psychedelic ufology tends to be Jungian.
Legal Aspects Of Public Control For Information Safety In Ukraine
Authors: Petrovska I.I.
Published: February 2020

The author analyzes the legal principles of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety in Ukraine. The study reveals the principles of state security policy. The article deals with the implementation of the idea of the unity of Ukraine through the provision of national safety in information activities (in particular regarding the receipt, use, dissemination, transformation, refutation and protection of information, its sufficiency and truthfulness).

Separate analysis of the threats to national safety and the issue of informing about the activities of public figures, individual methods of information war.

Consequently, the legal acts of Ukraine define the directions of the state policy, public officials, the basic methods of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety.

The state policy on national safety is aimed at ensuring state, economic, information, military, foreign policy, ecological safety, cyber safety of Ukraine on the basis of implementation of relevant strategies, legal acts of the information sphere. For law enforcement activities in the field of information safety is carried out democratic civilian control (which is a kind of public control).
Criminal Law And The Functioning Of The Political System: Philosophical And Political Approaches
Authors: Kozych I.V.
Published: February 2020

In the article the author studies the functioning of criminal policy as a component of the political system of society. It is determined that the political system of any society is characterized by the presence of certain mechanisms that guarantee its stability and viability. An important element of this mechanism is the system of socio­political principles and norms, as well as traditions, morals, ethics of political life. The political system also includes a communication mechanism that ensures the direct and feedback of social groups and members of society with political power. With their help, social contradictions and conflicts are solved, efforts of various social groups, organizations and movements are coordinated, social relations are harmonized, consensus is reached on values, goals and directions of social development. The author supports the positions in the philosophical and political science literature that the political system is a real socio-political phenomenon that performs certain functions in society.
Categorical Apparatus In The Field Of Research Of Legal Status Of Participants Of Constitutional Proceedings
Authors: Rozvadovskyi V.I.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the categorical apparatus for researching the legal status of participants in constitutional proceedings. According to the author, the following elements are at the heart of the categorical apparatus related to the status of participants in constitutional proceedings: the general social and historically conditioned notions of «status» and «status» as social (and not exclusively legal) categories; universally recognized legal concepts of «legal status» and «legal status»; differentiation of legal status according to the ratio of international and national law to «international legal status» and «legal status of a citizen»; classification of legal status by volume to legal status of a person, special legal status, individual legal status, constitutional and legal status of a participant in constitutional proceedings.
The Reasons, The Grounds And The Results Of The Introduction Of A Martial Law In Ukraine
Authors: Fedoronchuk A.V.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the causes, the grounds and the results of the introduction of a martial law in Ukraine. The author analyzes the activities of the President of Ukraine regarding the implementation of the powers in this area.

Having analyzed the grounds for introducing the martial law in Ukraine, which are contained in the Law of Ukraine «On the Legal Status of Military Status», we can conclude that they existed already from 2014. In addition, the reasons for the introduction of martial law in the first years of aggression against Ukraine were more weighty. Therefore, the state of the war was to be introduced in a timely manner and on motives for protecting vital national interests from the threats existed on the part of the Russian Federation. Those changes that took place in different spheres of the state’s vital activity after the introduction of the military state did not affect the functioning and further development of our state, and therefore it confirms the possibility of introducing a martial law at an earlier stage of Russian aggression.
Land Use And Protection Control Of Ukraine: Control Function
Authors: Vivcharenko O.A.
Published: February 2020

The article explores the legal problems of control on the use and protection of the lands of Ukraine. Specific tasks, functions, controls, forms and methods of its implementation are covered, which defined in the Law of Ukraine «On State Control of Land Use and Protection» of 19 June 2003.

Important means of controlling land use and protection are: land monitoring, state cadastre and land management. The State Land Cadastre is an important function of the state land management, through which the state influences the process of rational use and protection of land resources. The state land cadastre is designed to provide local governments, interested businesses and citizens with information about land for the purpose of organizing its rational use and protection. It contains a system of necessary information and documents on the legal regime of land, their distribution through landowners and land users, including tenants, by land categories, etc.

Land use control and protection is one of the important functions of public administration in this area of public relations. Land control should be considered not only as a function but also as a legal form of activity.

It should be noted that control is exercised: a) for all subjects of land relations, and not only for legal and natural persons; b) applies to all land irrespective of ownership.

Specific tasks, functions of control over land use and protection, as well as forms and methods of its implementation as defined in the Law of Ukraine «On State Control of Land Use and Protection» of 19 June 2003.

As a conclusion, the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of land use and protection control distinguishes between state control over land use and protection and state control over the observance of land protection legislation. The first concept is broader than the second, which reflects on the scope of powers of state bodies in this field.
A High-Quality Genome Assembly of the North American Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia
Authors: Louha Swarnali , Ray David A , Winker Kevin , Glenn Travis C
Published: February 2020

The song sparrow, Melospiza melodia, is one of the most widely distributed species of songbirds found in North America. It has been used in a wide range of behavioral and ecological studies. This species’ pronounced morphological and behavioral diversity across populations makes it a favorable candidate in several areas of biomedical research. We have generated a high-quality de novo genome assembly of M. melodia using Illumina short read sequences from genomic and in vitro proximity-ligation libraries. The assembled genome is 978.3 Mb, with a physical coverage of 24.9×, N50 scaffold size of 5.6 Mb and N50 contig size of 31.7 Kb. Our genome assembly is highly complete, with 87.5% full-length genes present out of a set of 4,915 universal single-copy orthologs present in most avian genomes. We annotated our genome assembly and constructed 15,086 gene models, a majority of which have high homology to related birds, Taeniopygia guttata and Junco hyemalis. In total, 83% of the annotated genes are assigned with putative functions. Furthermore, only ∼7% of the genome is found to be repetitive; these regions and other non-coding functional regions are also identified. The high-quality M. melodia genome assembly and annotations we report will serve as a valuable resource for facilitating studies on genome structure and evolution that can contribute to biomedical research and serve as a reference in population genomic and comparative genomic studies of closely related species.
Assembly of Mitochondrial Complex I Requires the Low-Complexity Protein AMC1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Subrahmanian Nitya , Castonguay Andrew David , Remacle Claire , Hamel Patrice Paul
Published: February 2020

Complex I is the first enzyme involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. With >40 subunits of dual genetic origin, the biogenesis of complex I is highly intricate and poorly understood. We used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system to reveal factors involved in complex I biogenesis. Two insertional mutants, displaying a complex I assembly defect characterized by the accumulation of a 700 kDa subcomplex, were analyzed. Genetic analyses showed these mutations were allelic and mapped to the gene AMC1 (Cre16.g688900) encoding a low-complexity protein of unknown function. The complex I assembly and activity in the mutant was restored by complementation with the wild-type gene, confirming AMC1 is required for complex I biogenesis. The N terminus of AMC1 targets a reporter protein to yeast mitochondria, implying that AMC1 resides and functions in the Chlamydomonas mitochondria. Accordingly, in both mutants, loss of AMC1 function results in decreased abundance of the mitochondrial nd4 transcript, which encodes the ND4 membrane subunit of complex I. Loss of ND4 in a mitochondrial nd4 mutant is characterized by a membrane arm assembly defect, similar to that exhibited by loss of AMC1. These results suggest AMC1 is required for the production of mitochondrially-encoded complex I subunits, specifically ND4. We discuss the possible modes of action of AMC1 in mitochondrial gene expression and complex I biogenesis.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСУВАННЯМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: КУДРЯШОВ Василь
Published: February 2020

Визначено зміст фінансування державного бюджету та його роль в управлінні державними фінансами. Наголошено, що управління фінансуванням бюджету спрямовується на внесення змін до показників витрат і надходжень, що залучаються з метою їх покриття, а також окремих складових їх структури. Проведено аналіз динаміки показників фінансування державного бюджету України протягом останніх років, зокрема зміни витрат і надходжень, що здійснюються в рамках фінансування бюджету. Зроблено висновки, що основну увагу в управлінні фінансуванням бюджету було приділено питанням погашення запозичень, покриття витрат з проведення активних операцій, забезпечення видатків, не перекритих доходами (що вимагає зведення бюджету з дефіцитом). Зазначено, що в більшості випадків витрати з фінансування дефіциту не були вирішальними факторами фінансування бюджету, поступаючись операціям з погашення запозичень, а в окремі періоди –– і здійсненню активних операцій. На основі аналізу управління складовими надходжень (у рамках фінансування державного бюджету України) зроблено висновки, що його переважна частка забезпечувалася за рахунок державних запозичень, а плани залучення неборгового ресурсу не виконувалися. Наслідком прийняття таких рішень стали збільшення державної заборгованості й зміни її структури. Проаналізовано показники зовнішньої та внутрішньої складових державної заборгованості та окреслено ризики управління бюджетними операціями, пов’язані з такими змінами. Наголошено на високих ризиках, обумовлених внутрішніми запозиченнями, та на необхідності їх урахування при управлінні фінансуванням бюджету. Запропоновано заходи, спрямовані на покращення управління фінансуванням державного бюджету України.
UKRAINIANS AND CITIES 1861-1917. NOT SO RURAL AND NOT SO RUSSIFIED
Authors: Velychenko Stephen
Published: February 2020

У статті стверджується, що загальна чисельність міського населення українських губерній Російської імперії, була більшою, ніж вказано в перепису 1897 р. Масова міграція українських селян на межі століть у міста, передусім, невеликі міста, означає, що ступінь урбанізації українців не слід недооцінювати, так само як і перебільшувати ступінь їхньої політичної русифікації. Автор наполягає, що, по-перше, дані щодо міського населення у Всеросійському перепису 1897 р.  мають бути переглянуті, оскільки категорія «міський» на той час не включала до себе всі де-факто міські поселення. І, по-друге, що детальний критичний перегляд усієї доступної довоєнної неофіційної статистики продемонструє більш високий ступінь урбанізації та українізації станом на 1917 р., ніж це відображається в офіційних даних. Масивні демографічні зрушення, про які свідчать ці цифри, також говорять про необхідність широкого аналізу всіх соціальних тенденцій, контекстів та політичних проблем, що були присутні в Україні в зазначений час. Оскільки реальні показники використання української мови та рівень урбанізації за межами чотирьох найбільших міст українських губерній імперії були вищими, ніж офіційно зазначено, історики не повинні недооцінювати підтримку національного руху і перебільшувати російську опозицію йому. Автор вважає, що переглянуті дані могли б підтримали аргумент, що модернізація і урбанізації в Україні за панування російського царизму не були обов'язковою перешкодою націоналізації. Стаття супроводжується таблицями із статистичними даними з проблеми дослідження.
Decommunization: The Process Matters, Not Only The Result
Authors: Vodotyka Tetiana
Published: February 2020

Interview with Volodymyr Vyatrovich, head of the Ukrainian Institute of National RemembranceBy Myroslav Borisenko, Tetyana Vodotyka
DECOM JOB: NOTES ON THE DECOMMUNIZATION OF CITY SPACES
Authors: Shlipchenko Svitlana
Published: February 2020

Following Maidan-2014 and subsequent political changes, the processes of de-communization in Ukraine have considerably accelerated and received the new impetus. The Parliament adopted a number of laws and legal acts concerning toponyms, monuments, and memorials, communist symbols, etc. thatwere to be removed from public spaces. The new legislation applied equally to open public spaces of the cities and villages (streets, squares, piazzas, public parks) and to the spaces of public use (municipal and government buildings, museums, underground stations, universities, schools, etc.). Leaving certainlacunas (e.g. using communist symbols in mass consumerist culture) and not specifying the ways and means the laws were to be implemented, the parliamentary acts gave way to numerous conflicts and misunderstandings, when the incessant confrontations with a painful past shape political attitudes.Furthermore, these processes call for re-conceptualizing the ways the past is set into the work of memory and represented in the city spaces. In the same breath, it resulted in mostly spontaneous, even hectic application of the provisions, and remains the contentious issue for the public, experts andlocal authorities alike. On the one hand, we see démontage, removal or dismantling/demolition of the objects that the experts tend to see as a part of the cultural or historical heritage, but which so far are not listed or assigned as such. While on the other hand, it works towards complete ignorance from the part of local authorities if not setting the conflicts between local communities. The paperwill look at certain cases and practices of ‘de-communization’ in Ukrainian cities and analyze its pro-s and contra-s.
Trends in Chest Radiographs for Pneumonia in Emergency Departments
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T. , Porter John J. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lipsett Susan C. , Neuman Mark I.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

National guidelines recommend against routine use of chest radiography (CXR) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Given that CXR is often used to exclude the diagnosis of CAP, a reduction in CXR use may result in overdiagnosis of CAP. We sought to evaluate trends in CXR use and assess the association between CXR performance and CAP diagnosis among children discharged from pediatric EDs.

METHODS:

Children 3 months to 18 years of age discharged from 30 US EDs with (1) CAP or (2) fever or respiratory illness between 2008 and 2018 were included. Temporal trends in CXR use and rates of CAP diagnoses among patients with fever or respiratory illness were assessed. Correlation between hospital-level CXR use and CAP diagnosis rates were evaluated by using Spearman’s correlation weighted by hospital volume.

RESULTS:

CXR usage decreased from 86.6% to 80.4% (P < .001) for patients with CAP and from 30.4% to 18.6% (P < .001) for children with fever or respiratory illness over the 10-year study period. CAP diagnosis rates also declined from 7.8% to 5.9% (P < .001). Hospital-level CXR use was correlated with pneumonia diagnosis rates (correlation coefficient 0.58; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Over the past decade, there has been a decline in CXR use in the ED among children with pneumonia and respiratory illnesses, with a decrease in pneumonia diagnoses over the same time period. Future studies are needed to assess the role of CXR in the evaluation of children with possible pneumonia in the ED setting.
Educación en derechos humanos con enfoque pedagógico crítico: estudio de caso
Authors: Cubillos-Vega Carla
Published: February 2020

Este artículo aborda la incidencia de la educación en Derechos Humanos con alumnado de Trabajo Social, en una universidad española, utilizando un enfoque pedagógico crítico. Se analiza el aprendizaje y comprensión de las materias, así como las percepciones del alumnado. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron viñetas con casos, una rúbrica validada y dos grupos focales. Los resultados apuntan a que el alumnado fue capaz de reflexionar más críticamente en torno a problemas relacionados con Derechos Humanos, integrando la teoría y la acción. Además, valoraron positivamente el darse cuenta, mediante la formación recibida, de la dimensión ético-política de su futura actividad profesional.
El enfoque diferencial étnico para personas, colectivos, comunidades y pueblos negros afrocolombianos raizales y palenqueros. Reflexiones para la práctica
Authors: León Díaz Ruby Esther
Published: February 2020

El enfoque diferencial étnico logra cierta trayectoria entre algunas instituciones del Estado que atienden asuntos sociales, culturales y de reparación. El artículo propone una guía para la implementación de dicho enfoque -incluyendo el aspecto racial- para personas, colectivos, comunidades y pueblos negros afrocolombianos raizales y palenqueros. Para ello, retoma y analiza el discurso institucional de dicho enfoque e invita a las instituciones a construir derroteros con acciones puntuales, planeadas y reflexivas. Se concluye que este tipo de intervención debe incidir en la transformación de las injusticias socioeconómicas, raciales y culturales que sufren las y los afrodescendientes en Colombia.
María hace la diferencia. Hacia una deconstrucción de intervenciones iatrogénicas en casos de prisión domiciliaria
Authors: Krmpotic Claudia Sandra , Vallejos Andrea Viviana
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se analiza el tipo de intervenciones sociales que regularmente asiste a población privada de su libertad, a través del estudio de caso de una mujer adulta en el contexto de prisión domiciliaria. El análisis sigue las premisas metodológicas de la teoría fundamentada, procurando una descripción emergente a partir del corpus de relatos obtenidos en entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en 2017. Para concluir, se reconoce una serie de discriminaciones cruzadas y desconexiones operativas que pueden incrementar las situaciones de vulnerabilidad, dejando a las personas con prisión domiciliaria en un grado mayor de indefensión.
Octavia Hill y sus aportes en el origen de Trabajo Social en la Inglaterra del siglo xix
Authors: Bastidas Luna Viviana Lorena , Holguín Rosero Keila Ginett , Obando Apraez Carol Viviana
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se hace un análisis del origen del Trabajo Social desde la perspectiva de género, haciendo énfasis en los aportes de Octavia Hill como pionera del Trabajo Social, a partir de su intervención social ante la pobreza y la carencia de vivienda y espacios dignos para las personas más vulnerables de Londres a mediados del siglo xix. Además, se destacan sus  concepciones teóricas y las principales corrientes  epistemológicas, tradicionales y emergentes que guiaron su quehacer profesional y al Trabajo Social, en general.
Aves como indicadoras ecológicas de etapas sucesionales en un bosque secundario, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Salas Correa Ángel David , Mancera-Rodríguez Néstor Javier
Published: February 2020

Las áreas que se recuperan perturbaciones tales como actividades agrícolas y ganaderas, generan un aumento de bosques secundarios que causan cambios en la cantidad y calidad del hábitat disponible para las aves. El Índice de Integridad Biótica (IIB) compara la estructura, composición y función del ensamblaje de las aves en una regeneración secundaria del bosque, desde edades tempranas hasta maduras, para evaluar su condición ecológica. Se estudió la integridad ecológica utilizando el IIB en cuatro etapas de sucesión de bosque secundario. El IBI se calculó utilizando ensamblajes de aves encontrados en estas cuatro etapas de la sucesión de bosques, y su desempeño se comparó con la riqueza general y el índice de diversidad de Shannon. Se realizaron cinco muestreos de campo entre junio 2016 y febrero 2017, en los que se registraron las aves utilizando recuentos de puntos de radio fijo. En total, se registraron 9 516 individuos de 187 especies de aves pertenecientes a 42 familias y 15 órdenes. Para cada especie se estableció hábitat de presencia, gremio de forrajeo y grupos de indicadores potenciales. La riqueza de especies y el Índice de Abundancia Puntual (PAI) de todas las categorías, se utilizaron como métricas candidatas y luego de evaluar un total de 34 métricas, se seleccionaron 13 para los análisis. Las métricas que se correlacionaron positivamente con el gradiente, de mayor a menor perturbación, fueron: riqueza de insectívoros de interior de bosque, abundancia de especies exclusivamente de interior de bosque, abundancia de especies de interior y borde, abundancia de especies endémicas y abundancia de especies amenazadas. Las métricas que se correlacionaron negativamente con el gradiente, de mayor a menor perturbación, fueron abundancia de especies de áreas abiertas, abundancia de especies de áreas abiertas y de borde, abundancia de frugívoros, abundancia de granívoros, abundancia de omnívoros, abundancia de insectívoros, abundancia de carroñeros y abundancia de especies migratorias. El IBI mostró una correlación lineal significativa positiva con el gradiente de regeneración secundaria del bosque, desde edades tempranas hasta maduras, mientras que la riqueza total de especies y el índice de diversidad de Shannon mostraron una correlación lineal negativa. El IBI, en este caso particular, demostró ser mejor que las medidas clásicas de la riqueza de especies y el índice de diversidad de Shannon para evaluar e interpretar la condición ecológica y ambiental de las etapas de la sucesión del bosque secundario evaluado.
Genetic authentication of Eclipta prostrate (Asteraceae) from Penthorum chinense (Penthoraceae) by Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers
Authors: Mei Zhiqiang , Khan Md Asaduzzaman , Fu Junjiang
Published: February 2020

Introduction: For the rapid and accurate genetic identification and authentication of living organisms, improved random ampliﬁed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragment based development of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers is an important genetic technique. Objective: This study aimed to develop SCAR markers for perennial herb Eclipta prostrate (E. prostrate). Methods: Here the RAPD fragments by improved RAPD amplification with primers A11 and N-7 for E. prostrate were cloned into pGEX-T vector, and PCR amplification identified the positive clones. After the enzymatic digestion, they were sequenced with Sanger sequencing. Results: Two SCAR markers were developed, which were very specific to E. prostrate, not found in Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). The nucleotide sequence search by BLAST GenBank database showed that they are novel in E. prostrate, therefore they were deposited in Genbank with accession number KX671034, KX671035. The markers did not show any identity to other species. Conclusions: Thus, in this study two specific SCAR markers were developed for genetically distinguishing and identifying the plant species E. prostrate from herb P. chinense and others.
Ecuador publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded: institutions, subjects, citation and collaboration patterns
Authors: Calahorrano1 Liria , Monge-Nájera Julián , Wang Ming-Huang , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Ecuador, a country of 17 million inhabitants with a medium human development index of 0.75, has a small scientific productivity in relation to its size and population. Objective: To analyze Ecuador publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded, focusing on productivity, subjects, institutions, citations, and trends. Methods: We analyzed scientific publications by authors from Ecuador from 1900 to 2017 in the Science Citation Index Expanded and compared it with other tropical countries. Results: We found 16 document types (7 806 articles). The three most productive institutions were Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, and Escuela Politécnica Nacional. USA and Spain were the most frequent collaborating countries. Most articles were in English and ecology, botany, and zoology were common, but no field produced over 8 % of articles. However, ecology represents 11.3 % of the total citations. The most cited papers in the database were from large international biology and physics projects with minimal participation of Ecuadorean scientists. Article citations occurs mostly after the SCI stops counting. Conclusion: Science in Ecuador is growing but needs to greatly increase collaboration among Ecuadorean institutions to reduce its dependence on foreing projects. However, this study did not include articles published by the hundreds of Ecuadorean journals not covered by the SCI Expanded.