bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Who May Benefit from Combined Bevacizumab and CCNU Therapy: A Report from the BELOB Trial
Authors: Erdem-Eraslan Lale , van den Bent Martin J. , Hoogstrate Youri , Naz-Khan Hina , Stubbs Andrew , van der Spek Peter , Böttcher René , Gao Ya , de Wit Maurice , Taal Walter , Oosterkamp Hendrika M. , Walenkamp Annemiek , Beerepoot Laurens V. , Hanse Monique C.J. , Buter Jan , Honkoop Aafke H. , van der Holt Bronno , Vernhout René M. , Smitt Peter A.E. Sillevis , Kros Johan M. , French Pim J.
Published: January 2016

The results from the randomized phase II BELOB trial provided evidence for a potential benefit of bevacizumab (beva), a humanized monoclonal antibody against circulating VEGF-A, when added to CCNU chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we performed gene expression profiling (DASL and RNA-seq) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor material from participants of the BELOB trial to identify patients with recurrent GBM who benefitted most from beva+CCNU treatment. We demonstrate that tumors assigned to the IGS-18 or “classical” subtype and treated with beva+CCNU showed a significant benefit in progression-free survival and a trend toward benefit in overall survival, whereas other subtypes did not exhibit such benefit. In particular, expression of FMO4 and OSBPL3 was associated with treatment response. Importantly, the improved outcome in the beva+CCNU treatment arm was not explained by an uneven distribution of prognostically favorable subtypes as all molecular glioma subtypes were evenly distributed along the different study arms. The RNA-seq analysis also highlighted genetic alterations, including mutations, gene fusions, and copy number changes, within this well-defined cohort of tumors that may serve as useful predictive or prognostic biomarkers of patient outcome. Further validation of the identified molecular markers may enable the future stratification of recurrent GBM patients into appropriate treatment regimens. Cancer Res; 76(3); 525–34. ©2016 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: AXL, a Membrane Receptor Mediator of Resistance to Therapy
Authors: Scaltriti Maurizio , Elkabets Moshe , Baselga José
Published: January 2016

AXL is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor that signals via PI3K, MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC), among other pathways. AXL has oncogenic potential and interacts with other membrane receptors, depending on their relative abundance and availability. The increased expression of AXL in cancer is often the result of pharmacologic selective pressure to a number of chemotherapies and targeted therapies and acts as a mechanism of acquired drug resistance. This resistance phenotype, frequently accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, can be reversed by AXL inhibition. In tumors with high levels of EGFR, including lung, head and neck, and triple-negative breast cancer, AXL dimerizes with this receptor and initiates signaling that circumvents the antitumor effects of anti-EGFR therapies. Likewise, AXL overexpression and dimerization with EGFR can overcome PI3K inhibition by activating the phospholipase C-γ-PKC cascade that, in turn, sustains mTORC1 activity. The causative role of AXL in inducing drug resistance is underscored by the fact that the suppression of AXL restores sensitivity to these agents. Hence, these observations indicate that AXL is selectively expressed in tumor cells refractory to therapy and that cotargeting AXL in this setting would potentially overcome drug resistance. The use of AXL inhibitors should be considered in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1313–7. ©2016 AACR.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with high levels of monocyte-platelet-aggregates and increased CD11b expression in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Berndt Katharina , Wydra Sandy , Tarnowski Daniel , Barthel Peggy , Quick Silvio , Ulbrich Stefan , Christoph Marian , Waessnig Nadine , Speiser Uwe , Wunderlich Carsten , Poitz David M. , Strasser Ruth H. , Ibrahim Karim , Pfluecke Christian
Published: January 2016

A growing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role of inflammatory processes in AF in a bidirectional manner. Infiltrating leukocytes seem to promote both structural and electrical remodelling processes in patients with AF. Monocyte-platelets-aggregates (MPAs) are sensitive markers of both platelets and monocyte activation. So far it is not clear whether the content of MPAs is affected by AF. The present study examined the content of MPAs and the activation of monocytes in elderly patients with an aortic stenosis in dependence of AF. These patients are known to have a high prevalence of AF. Flow-cytometric quantification analysis demonstrated that patients with AF have an increased content of MPAs (207 ± 13 cells/μl vs 307 ± 21 cells/μl, p<0.001), and enhanced expression of CD11b on monocytes (p<0.001), compared to patients in stable sinus rhythm (SR). The number of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes were only slightly elevated in patients with AF. These findings were seen in patients with permanent AF. But also patients with paroxysmal AF, even when presenting in SR, the MPAs were increased by 50 % (p<0.05) as well as the CD11b expression, which was twice as high (p<0.05) compared to stable SR. These results demonstrate for the first time a dependency of MPAs and CD11b expression on monocytes in the presence of AF and support the notion of a close relationship between AF, thrombogenesis and inflammation. The content of MPAs and the extent of activation on monocytes appear promising as biomarkers for paroxysmal AF and as possible future targets for developing novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Marked elevation in plasma osteoprotegerin constitutes an early and consistent feature of cerebral malaria
Authors: Gegenbauer Kristina , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , Chion Alain , Smith Owen P. , Preston Roger J. S. , Brophy Teresa M. , Craig Alister G. , O’Regan Niamh , Moxon Chris , O’Donnell James S.
Published: January 2016

Adherence of infected erythrocytes to vascular endothelium causes acute endothelial cell (EC) activation during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Consequently, proteins stored in Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies within EC are secreted into the plasma. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) binds to VWF and consequently is stored within WP bodies. Given the critical role of EC activation in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, we investigated plasma OPG levels in children with P. falciparum malaria. At presentation, plasma OPG levels were significantly elevated in children with cerebral malaria (CM) compared to healthy controls (means 16.0 vs 0.8 ng/ml; p<0.01). Importantly, OPG levels were also significantly higher in children with CM who had a fatal outcome, compared to children with CM who survived. Finally, in children with CM, plasma OPG levels correlated with other established prognostic indices (including plasma lactate levels and peripheral parasite density). To further investigate the relationship between severe malaria and OPG, we utilised a murine model of experimental CM in which C57BL/6J mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA. Interestingly, plasma OPG levels were increased 4.6 fold within 24 hours following P. berghei inoculation. This early marked elevation in OPG levels was observed before any objective clinical signs were apparent, and preceded the development of peripheral blood parasitaemia. As the mice became increasingly unwell, plasma OPG levels progressively increased. Collectively, these data suggest that OPG constitutes a novel biomarker with prognostic significance in patients with severe malaria. In addition, further studies are required to determine whether OPG plays a role in modulating malaria pathogenesis.
Cluster de Turismo e as Experiências do Estado de Minas Gerais na Formação de Circuitos Turísticos
Authors: Tavares Jean
Published: January 2016

A criação de circuitos turísticos é importante para o desenvolvimento do turismo visto que, muitas vezes, municípios polos com um atrativo exponencial pode “absorver” toda a atenção do turista e não colaborar com o crescimento de municípios no seu entorno, que também possuem atrativos merecedores de serem visitados. Como a concepção de circuitos turísticos é complexa, o objetivo desse artigo é elaborar - baseado na literatura de cluster e nas experiências ocorridas no Estado de Minas Gerais - uma proposta para a formação de circuitos turísticos que possa ser usado dentro e fora do contexto acadêmico pelos agentes ligados ao setor e que contemple as principais funções da administração, a saber, o planejamento, a organização, a decisão e o controle. Além disso, essa “proposta” serve como um mecanismo de checagem para os circuitos em funcionamento. Sugere-se, para pesquisas futuras, testar esse guia em regiões turísticas para que se façam melhorias.
Capital Social e Redes Sociais Empreendedoras na Criação e Crescimento de uma Empresa de Cicloturismo
Authors: Gimenez Fernando Antonio Prado , Gimenez Sara Culti
Published: January 2016

A literatura de empreendedorismo tem apontado o capital social como um fator de sucesso na criação de novas empresas. Capital social ajuda os empreendedores em identificar e adquirir diferentes tipos de recursos por meio das redes sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel das redes sociais e do capital social na criação e crescimento da Kuritbike Cicloturismo Urbano, uma empresa que atua no negócio do ciclo turismo em Curitiba - PR há quatro anos. O capital social pode ser conceituado como a rede de relações do empreendedor e os recursos que podem ser mobilizados por meio dessa rede na construção e crescimento da empresa. O estudo adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de uma estratégia de estudo de caso único. A empresa objeto do estudo foi selecionada em função de ser a única atuando em seu setor na cidade de Curitiba, o que evidencia um comportamento inovador por parte de seu fundador. Os resultados confirmaram que redes sociais são uma importante fonte de capital social para o empreendedor, nos estágio de criação e crescimento da empresa.
Administração das Práticas Estudantis de Hotelaria e Turismo nas Principais Universidades do Equador
Authors: Van Hoff Hubert B. , Fan Aileen , Cueva Ana
Published: January 2016

Este artigo trata sobre um estudo realizado entre os administradores de estágios nos principais programas de hotelaria e turismo do Equador. Em base a estudos prévios sobre os estudantes e os empregadores no setor, o estudo tratou de identificar os melhores estágios e avaliar as opiniões dos coordenadores de estágios que poderiam servir como sugestões para outros programas de hotelaria e turismo. Conjuntamente, trabalha-se em encontrar melhores formas de criar, avaliar e administrar os programas de estágio; e em atender as necessidades dos estudantes e das indústrias de hotelaria e turismo. Sobretudo, o estudo busca melhorar a conexão entre a experiência prática da indústria e a teoria na sala de aula. Finalmente, se oferecem sugestões para futuras pesquisas.
Decipher me or I'll devour you
Authors: Bahia Dora Longo
Published: January 2016

Decipher me or I'll devour you presents an analysis of the work Olympia, of the artist Edouard Manet. It is a comparison between Manet's painting and E. T. A. Hoffmann’s tale The Sandman, taking into account the relationship between their female characters and commodities.
The Image Is a Thing that Is Not the Thing: The Artist Between the Layers of the Mirror
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Sérgio de
Published: January 2016

In a distant past, few had the tools to represent themselves through the (self) portraits. Only the artists were able to tell the world how was the perception they had of themselves. The explosion of the image production in the modern world has triggered new forms of experiencing life, in situations that seem to dislocate the subject away from the center of the experience in favor of the registry of a time that passes without being actually experienced. In the field of art, there are new possibilities of art making that update issues dropped with the decline of painting in the twentieth century.
From de Effect to the Paradigm: Narcissus, Medusa and Pygmalion
Authors: Cordeiro Marta
Published: January 2016

The paper aims to characterize the relation between spectators and images and, therefore, uses the mythological figures of Narcissus, Pygmalion and Medusa, routinely used to talk about pictures. Often, Narcissus is associated with self- -representation; Medusa with photography and death and Pygmalion with the simulacrum. However, in a brief footnote, W.J.T. Mitchell talks about the “effects” that images provoke in viewers, establishing a relationship between spectators, images and these three paradigmatic figures. This paper proposes to expand Mitchell´s view and assume that the three myths contain the main elements to follow the relationship between spectators and images.
The complex vocalization of Scinax cardosoi (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on advertisement calls in the S. ruber Clade
Authors: Carvalho Thiago Ribeiro de , Martins Lucas Borges , Giaretta Ariovaldo Antonio
Published: January 2016

A vocalização complexa de Scinax cardosoi (Anura: Hylidae), com comentários sobre cantos de anúncio no Clado de S. ruber. A vocalização complexa de Scinax cardosoi de uma população do estado de Minas Gerais no sudeste brasileiro é descrita e comparada com os dados acústicos disponíveis para outras espécies do Clado de S. ruber. Três tipos diferentes de cantos pulsados e agudos foram identificados, denominados cantos “curto,” “longo” e “trinado”. Cantos curtos (16–66 ms) lembram chios e consistem em sinais pulsados (8–28 pulsos/canto) com modulações de amplitude regulares ao longo de sua duração e pico de amplitude aproximadamente na metade de sua duração. Cantos longos (268–518 ms) lembram risadinhas e têm menor amplitude quando comparados a cantos curtos; tipicamente, consistem em séries de notas pulsadas (1–6 notas/canto). Cantos trinados lembram zunidos de insetos e apresentam a menor amplitude dentre os três tipos de cantos; consistem em séries muito longas (1,1–3,0 s) de notas pulsadas (9–25 notas/canto). Dados acústicos são taxonomicamente informativos no Clado de S. ruber, fornecendo evidências fenotípicas à diagnose de S. cardosoi além das características propostas em sua descrição original. O repertório vocal de S. cardosoi assemelha-se mais aos repertórios vocais complexos (vários tipos de cantos emitidos em combinações variadas) de espécies do Clado de S. catharinae do que ao de algumas espécies do Clado de S. ruber, os quais tendem a ter uma estrutura do canto mais simples (um tipo único de nota multipulsionada).
Scinax cruentommus (Anura: Hylidae) in the upper Rio Negro drainage, Amazonas state, Brazil, with the redescription of its advertisement call
Authors: Carvalho Thiago R. de Carvalho , Teixeira Bernardo F. V. , Duellman William E. , Giaretta Ariovaldo A.
Published: January 2016

Scinax cruentommus (Anura: Hylidae) na bacia do alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil, com a redescrição do seu canto de anúncio. Nós apresentamos o primeiro registro de Scinax cruentommus no alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Nós também redescrevemos o seu canto de anúncio e fazemos comparações acústicas com os dados disponíveis para outras espécies do Clado de Scinax ruber da bacia amazônica. Com a obtenção de novos dados para S. cruentommus, os parâmetros acústicos suplementaram a sua diagnose congenérica em relação às outras espécies amazônicas do Clado de S. ruber além das características propostas em sua descrição original.
On the natural history of the Caatinga Horned Frog, Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae), a poorly known species of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Jorge Jaqueiuto da Silva , Sales Raul Fernandes Dantas , Kokubum Marcelo Nogueira de Carvalho , Freire Eliza Maria Xavier
Published: January 2016

Sobre a história natural do Sapo-de-chifre da Caatinga, Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae), uma espécie pouco conhecida do nordeste do Brasil. Apresentamos aqui dados sobre a reprodução, dimorfismo sexual e dieta de Ceratophrys joazeirensis, a única espécie do gênero que ocorre no Bioma brasileiro semiárido Caatinga. Os anuros foram observados e coletados no Município de Santa Maria, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil. O trabalho de campo foi realizado à noite, durante ou após as chuvas ao longo da estação chuvosa no período 2010–2013. Foram realizadas buscas perto de locais onde os machos estavam vocalizando, geralmente em torno de corpos d’água. A reprodução é explosiva, com atividade reprodutiva ocorrendo quando as chuvas se intensificaram durante as estações chuvosas de 2011–2013. No entanto, em 2010, nem machos vocalizando nem fêmeas ativas foram encontrados, mesmo depois de dias chuvosos. Embora os machos vocalizem em poças temporárias e permanentes, a maioria dos indivíduos vocalizou na vegetação marginal de poças temporárias. As fêmeas de C. joazeirensis são significativamente maiores que os machos. O tamanho médio da desova é de 2555.0 ± 1551.1 ovos; o tamanho da ninhada não está significativamente correlacionado com o tamanho do corpo das fêmeas. Em ordem decrescente de volume, as categorias de presas mais importantes na dieta de C. joazeirensis foram anuros, seguidos por coleópteros e material vegetal. A aparente importância dos anuros na dieta provavelmente está relacionada com o número de espécies de anuros que co-ocorrem com C. joazeirensis e do comportamento alimentar voraz dos Ceratophryidae.
Uncovering Atrial Fibrillation Beyond Short-Term Monitoring in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients
Authors: Brachmann Johannes , Morillo Carlos A. , Sanna Tommaso , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Diener Hans-Christoph , Bernstein Richard A. , Rymer Marylin , Ziegler Paul D. , Liu Shufeng , Passman Rod S.
Published: January 2016

Background—

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be a cause of previously diagnosed cryptogenic stroke. However, AF can be paroxysmal and asymptomatic, thereby making detection with routine ECG methods difficult. Oral anticoagulation is highly effective in reducing recurrent stroke in patients with AF, but its initiation is dependent on the detection of AF. Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation (CRYSTAL AF) is the first randomized study to report the detection of AF in cryptogenic stroke patients using continuous long-term monitoring via insertable cardiac monitors (ICM).

Methods and Results—

Patients with prior cryptogenic stroke were randomized to control (n=220) or ICM (n=221) and followed for ≤36 months. Cumulative AF detection rates in the ICM arm increased progressively during this period (3.7%, 8.9%, 12.4%, and 30.0% at 1, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively), but remained low in the control arm (3.0% at 36 months). This resulted in oral anticoagulation prescription in 94.7% of ICM patients with AF detected at 6 months, 96.6% at 12 months, and 90.5% at 36 months. Among ICM patients with AF detected, the median time to AF detection was 8.4 months, 81.0% of first AF episodes were asymptomatic, and 94.9% had at least 1 day with >6 minutes of AF.

Conclusions—

Three-year monitoring by ICM in cryptogenic stroke patients demonstrated a significantly higher AF detection rate compared with routine care. Given the frequency of asymptomatic first episodes and the long median time to detection, these findings highlight the limitations of using traditional AF detection methods. The majority of patients with AF were prescribed oral anticoagulation therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration—

Clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00924638.
Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carrick David , Haig Caroline , Ahmed Nadeem , McEntegart Margaret , Petrie Mark C. , Eteiba Hany , Hood Stuart , Watkins Stuart , Lindsay M. Mitchell , Davie Andrew , Mahrous Ahmed , Mordi Ify , Rauhalammi Samuli , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Ford Ian , Oldroyd Keith G. , Berry Colin
Published: January 2016

Background—

The success of coronary reperfusion therapy in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is commonly limited by failure to restore microvascular perfusion.

Methods and Results—

We performed a prospective cohort study in patients with reperfused ST-segment–elevation MI who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance 2 days (n=286) and 6 months (n=228) post MI. A serial imaging time-course study was also performed (n=30 participants; 4 cardiac magnetic resonance scans): 4 to 12 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 7 months post reperfusion. Myocardial hemorrhage was taken to represent a hypointense infarct core with a T2* value of <20 ms. Microvascular obstruction was assessed with late gadolinium enhancement. Adverse remodeling was defined as an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume ≥20% at 6 months. Cardiovascular death or heart failure events post discharge were assessed during follow-up. Two hundred forty-five patients had evaluable T2* data (mean±age, 58 [11] years; 76% men). Myocardial hemorrhage 2 days post MI was associated with clinical characteristics indicative of MI severity and inflammation. Myocardial hemorrhage was a multivariable associate of adverse remodeling (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.64 [1.07–6.49];
P
=0.035). Ten (4%) patients had a cardiovascular cause of death or experienced a heart failure event post discharge, and myocardial hemorrhage, but not microvascular obstruction, was associated with this composite adverse outcome (hazard ratio, 5.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–27.74;
P
=0.025), including after adjustment for baseline left ventricular end-diastolic volume. In the serial imaging time-course study, myocardial hemorrhage occurred in 7 (23%), 13 (43%), 11 (33%), and 4 (13%) patients 4 to 12 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 7 months post reperfusion. The amount of hemorrhage (median [interquartile range], 7.0 [4.9–7.5]; % left ventricular mass) peaked on day 2 (
P
<0.001), whereas microvascular obstruction decreased with time post reperfusion.

Conclusions—

Myocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction follow distinct time courses post ST-segment–elevation MI. Myocardial hemorrhage was more closely associated with adverse outcomes than microvascular obstruction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02072850.
Mechanisms of Very Late Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Taniwaki Masanori , Radu Maria D. , Zaugg Serge , Amabile Nicolas , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Yamaji Kyohei , Jørgensen Erik , Kelbæk Henning , Pilgrim Thomas , Caussin Christophe , Zanchin Thomas , Veugeois Aurelie , Abildgaard Ulrik , Jüni Peter , Cook Stephane , Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Windecker Stephan , Räber Lorenz
Published: January 2016

Background—

The pathomechanisms underlying very late stent thrombosis (VLST) after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) are incompletely understood. Using optical coherence tomography, we investigated potential causes of this adverse event.

Methods and Results—

Between August 2010 and December 2014, 64 patients were investigated at the time point of VLST as part of an international optical coherence tomography registry. Optical coherence tomography pullbacks were performed after restoration of flow and analyzed at 0.4 mm. A total of 38 early- and 20 newer-generation drug-eluting stents were suitable for analysis. VLST occurred at a median of 4.7 years (interquartile range, 3.1–7.5 years). An underlying putative cause by optical coherence tomography was identified in 98% of cases. The most frequent findings were strut malapposition (34.5%), neoatherosclerosis (27.6%), uncovered struts (12.1%), and stent underexpansion (6.9%). Uncovered and malapposed struts were more frequent in thrombosed compared with nonthrombosed regions (ratio of percentages, 8.26; 95% confidence interval, 6.82–10.04;
P
<0.001 and 13.03; 95% confidence interval, 10.13–16.93;
P
<0.001, respectively). The maximal length of malapposed or uncovered struts (3.40 mm; 95% confidence interval, 2.55–4.25; versus 1.29 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.77;
P
<0.001), but not the maximal or average axial malapposition distance, was greater in thrombosed compared with nonthrombosed segments. The associations of both uncovered and malapposed struts with thrombus were consistent among early- and newer-generation drug-eluting stents.

Conclusions—

The leading associated findings in VLST patients in descending order were malapposition, neoatherosclerosis, uncovered struts, and stent underexpansion without differences between patients treated with early- and new-generation drug-eluting stents. The longitudinal extension of malapposed and uncovered stent was the most important correlate of thrombus formation in VLST.
Lifestyle Changes in Young Adulthood and Middle Age and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality: The Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Hulsegge Gerben , Looman Moniek , Smit Henriëtte A. , Daviglus Martha L. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Verschuren W.M. Monique
Published: January 2016

Background

The associations between overall lifestyle profile and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death have been mainly investigated in cross‐sectional studies. The full benefits of a healthy lifestyle may therefore be underestimated, and the magnitude of benefits associated with changes in lifestyle remains unclear. We quantified the association of changes in lifestyle profiles over 5 years with risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality.

Methods and Results

Lifestyle factors (ie, diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) and body mass index were assessed and dichotomized as healthy/unhealthy among 5263 adults ages 26 to 66 in 1993–1997 and 5 years later (1998–2002). Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to quantify associations of change in lifestyle with fatal/nonfatal CVD and all‐cause mortality that occurred 8 to 15 years after 1998–2002. Independent of baseline lifestyles, each decrement in number of healthy lifestyle factors was, on average, associated with 35% higher risk of CVD (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12–1.63) and 37% higher risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10–1.70); no association was noted with increase in the number of healthy lifestyle factors (
P
>0.5). Individuals who maintained 4 to 5 healthy lifestyle factors had 2.5 times lower risk of CVD (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.63) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22–0.73) than those who maintained only 0 to 1 healthy lifestyle factor.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the benefits of healthy lifestyles may be easier lost than gained over a 5‐year period. This underscores the need for efforts to promote maintenance of healthy lifestyles throughout the life course.
Faroese and its Relevance to the Germanic
Authors: Kroonen Guus
Published: January 2016

In Germanic, the Proto-Indo-European accusative of the feminine demonstrative, i.e. *, emerges in two different forms: Gothic versus Old Norse and Old English . Since PIE * regularly gives *ō in Germanic, it is usually assumed that the reflex developed out of * through an unstressed stage. But this view was recently questioned by Peter Schrijver. He argued that the merger of *ā and *ō was forestalled in North West Germanic by a tautosyllabic nasal, and that therefore must be regular. This solution seems to be contradicted by Faroese, however, where the demonstrative form is . This may continue an Old Norse variant with a short vowel, and thus seems to indicate that PNWGm. indeed developed out of * through an unstressed form, viz. *.
KICKING AGAINST THE THERMOLATERS: Beckett's "Recent Irish Poetry"
Authors: Mooney Sinéad
Published: January 2016

"Recent Irish Poetry" (1934), while well-known to Beckett critics, has most frequently been read only in terms of a straightforward binarism between "antiquarian" Celtic twilighter and modernist "other." This essay attempts to move beyond the familiar reading by examining the essay's dialogue with other contributors to the "Irish Number" of in which it originally appeared, to survey readings of the text as Irish modernist manifesto, and to treat it as a "precipitate in prose."
KIND OF MAN ARE YOU?: Beckettian Anthropology, Cultural Authenticity, and Irish Identity
Authors: Bixby Patrick
Published: January 2016

Situating Beckett's writing in relation to anthropological accounts of Ireland, this article examines how his postcolonial parody of ethnographic discourse serves to critique the notion of cultural authenticity. Since the late nineteenth-century anthropological representations, from A.C. Haddon's studies for The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland to Conrad Arensberg's ethnographies of western Ireland, had incorporated native culture into a fundamentally primitivist perspective. In , however, Beckett revises this perspective to offer overtly constructed images of authentic Irishness, which refuse the hegemonic modes of cultural identification and epistemological mastery implicit in more conventional anthropological representations of Ireland.
CULTURAL MEMORY IN : The Fate of Noel Lemass
Authors: Kennedy Seán
Published: January 2016

It is suggested that Beckett's imagination functioned outside history. Here, reading in political context, I want to query the usefulness of such a claim, especially if it is applied in an unreflective way to Beckett's entire oeuvre. By reading Mercier and Camier's actions against the violent events surrounding the birth of the Irish Free State, a period figured in the text by the fate of Noel Lemass, I want to suggest that Beckett's work is, in fact, working within historical structures, albeit in a manner that is deliberately obscured.
THE RESISTANCE OF SEEING IN BECKETT'S DRAMA: Self-Perception and Becoming Imperceptible
Authors: Kawashima Takeshi
Published: January 2016

It is widely assumed that perception is intrinsically implicated in the issue of existence in Beckett's theatre. In particular, the Beckettian act of seeing and the motion of the eye defy the binary opposition between the visible and the invisible. Krapp's gaze directed toward the darkness behind him () or the doubleness revealed by E's relentless stare into O (), for example, demand reformation of the ontological conception based on the dichotomy of presence and absence. By focusing on the complex interplay of the seeing and the seen in , I shall explore how Beckett problematises the perceiving/perceived connection.
PERFORMANCE AS REHEARSAL: George Tabori's Staging of Beckett's and
Authors: Diedrich Antje
Published: January 2016

This article analyses similarities and differences in George Tabori's approach to staging and . The discussion pays particular attention to the use of the rehearsal metaphor in both productions, but also takes Tabori's rehearsal methods into account. It assesses the efficacy of this approach to Beckett in relation to Jonathan Kalb's distinction between the presentational and representational functioning of Beckett's plays in performance and in relation to Tabori's notion of a 'theatre that produces life'.
The Entrapment of the Female Body in Beckett's Plays in Relation to Jung's Third Tavistock Lecture
Authors: Campbell Julie
Published: January 2016

This article is concerned with the female body in Samuel Beckett's drama, and how often the female characters are shown as trapped and immobile. My main focus is on , and the paradoxical nature of Winnie's entrapment, and her attitude to it. I make particular reference to C. G. Jung's Third Tavistock Lecture, which was attended by Beckett and obviously affected him quite profoundly, as he made reference to it throughout his career, for example in , and also during rehearsals when advising female actors how to approach their characters. It seems to me that the ideas Jung expressed in this lecture help to illuminate both Winnie's plight, and her seeming indifference to it, whilst also helping to elucidate the extreme responses, from both actors and audiences, to this highly charged dramatic image of a woman trapped, up to her waist and then to her neck, in a mound of earth.
DIFFERENT MUSIC: Beckett's Theatrical Conduct
Authors: Mansell Thomas
Published: January 2016

Beckett's references to music in his work as a director reveal complicated attitudes towards artistic autonomy and intermediality and towards music itself; indeed, they often betray a misunderstanding of the nature of music. The ideal music invoked by Beckett is supremely formal and beyond interpretation; it enjoys the benefit of precise notation, in turn ensuring accurate rendition; Beckett came to think of his performers as instruments. Along with the metaphor of Beckett as a conductor, and his surprising aversion to recording technology, these notions inform the larger debate within Beckett studies concerning directorial freedom and authorial control.
and/Or the Art of Living
Authors: Athanasopoulou-Kypriou Spyridoula
Published: January 2016

Taking exception to the psychoanalytic and theological interpretations, I stress the play's resistance to interpretation and suggest that the play might well be about the art of living in a meaningless world. Borrowing the term 'semiotic chora' from Julia Kristeva, I read as a representation and dramatization of the space where subjectivity has not yet been constructed and thus many possibilities are still open. I also suggest that the play offers a therapeutic journey to the abject elements of human life.
Samuel Beckett's Notes
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk
Published: January 2016

This essay examines the nature of Beckett's extensive notes on Goethe's and whether or not Beckett's excerpts can be regarded as part of a literary strategy. The first part will focus on the form of the notes and contrast them with contemporary reading notes by James Joyce. After this comparative genetic investigation, the content of Beckett's notes will be examined to try and assess their importance in the development of his poetics in the second half of the 1930s.
Watt, Watson, and Sherlock Holmes: As Detective Fiction
Authors: Smith Frederik N.
Published: January 2016

Beckett as a boy read Sir Conan Doyle's stories, and has been said to reflect this reading. Several years earlier, however, mocks syllogistic thinking but likewise toys with the inductive investigations of Sherlock Holmes. Although during the war people may have wanted to be assured that rational meaning still existed, Beckett shows quite the reverse; in advance of he hails the genre of detective fiction, but writes a sort of anti-detective novel.
Beckett and Popper, Or, "What Stink of Artifice": Some Notes on Methodology, Falsifiability, and Criticism in Beckett Studies
Authors: Feldman Matthew
Published: January 2016

The following attempts to identify an implicit theoretical divergence already existing in Beckett Studies. Contrasting methodologies, albeit oftentimes implicitly, continue to approach Beckett's writing from markedly different perspectives. One contributing factor to this dilemma is found in Beckett's art and (now archived) supporting materials, which shall also be considered. This article concludes that theorising from a position of empirical accuracy, especially in Beckett Studies, is inherently preferable in demonstrably increasing scholarly knowledge of our shared subject, Samuel Beckett.
Samuel Beckett Et La Russie
Authors: Tokarev Dimitri
Published: January 2016

We know that Beckett had read some Russian authors of the 19th century who could have influenced his own works. More concretely, he was interested in the art of several personages of the Soviet and Russian cultural life. Another aspect of the same theme concerns the perception of Beckett's texts in Russia from the 1950 and up to our days. Thus, the article treats of the followings subjects : Beckett and the Russian classical literature ; Dostoevsky ; by Gontcharov ; by Tourgueniev ; the Russian 'meetings' of Beckett : Eisenstein, Stravinsky, Pasternak, sculptor Vadim Sidur ; Beckett and the representatives of the Russian 'underground' literature of the 1950–1970 : Joseph Brodsky ; Russian translations of Beckett : how to translate Beckett in Russian? ; theatre representations of Beckett plays in Russia. Finally, we analyze from the typological point of view the affinities between the works of Beckett and Daniil Harms (1905–1942), Russian poet, playwright and writer of the 1920-1930 who is often considered by critics an absurd author.
Beckett : De La Parole Vaine Á Parole Neuve
Authors: Allaire Suzanne
Published: January 2016

Speaking all the time and craving for silence all at once: this is the paradoxical situation of the beckettian hero. In this way Beckett defies the "old style" and the literary heritage. He also defies the space of representation as it is founded on the categories of the intelligible and the conventions of common sense. So this is a work in progress where we can distinguish a voice of extreme lucidity concerning the insoluble enigma of mankind.
L' Affaire Molloy-Moran Repensée : Entre La Pensée De La mère et le Nom-du-pére
Authors: Ross Ciaran
Published: January 2016

Moran's search for Molloy is analysed here by articulating two different psychoanalytic models of interpretation. First the Molloy-Moran relationship is analysed from the post-kleinian perspective of the mother and the role of her thinking. Molloy is read as a destabilising figure of the un-thought which plunges Moran into a gulf that defies thinking and imagining. The second model is Lacanian and shows that the failure of the function of the Name of the Father leaves a void in the chain of signification. This can be seen through Moran's failure to understand the "question of Molloy".
Omniprésence De Samuel Beckett Dans L'œuvre de Raymond Cousse / Présence de Raymond Cousse Dans œeuvre de Samuel Beckett?
Authors: Germoni Karine
Published: January 2016

A novelist and playwright of little renown, Raymond Cousse is mostly known for his play His encounter with Beckett's work and then with Beckett himself was the electric shock that pushed this autodidact into writing. Our paper tends to a double aim : we shall fIrst examine how deeply Beckett has marked Cousse's work and existence, through the study of his writings – including non published documents such as abstracts from his diary, the correspondence between the two authors and several manuscripts by Cousse. We will then proceed with the following question: is the Irish writer's all-pervasive presence in Cousse's work reciprocated, in Samuel Beckett's writings, with echoes from Cousse's own novels and plays ?
Beckett and Romanticism in the 1930s
Authors: Nixon Mark
Published: January 2016

This essay surveys Beckett's response to Romantic literature and painting in the 1930s. It examines the way he dismissed its sentimentality and elaborate style but was attracted to a particular strand of Romanticism that portrayed a melancholic sensibility.
: "all the variants of the one"
Authors: Pilling John
Published: January 2016

This essay describes the differences between the original manuscript of and the published versions of the text (from which the subtitle of the essay is of course taken). It offers a number of possible reasons for the text's 'abandonment' (in more than one sense of the word), and some contexts which, with the help of letters to friends, provide a more accurate dating of the text than has previously been attempted.
Samuel Beckett's "Che Sciagura" and the Subversion of Irish Moral Convention
Authors: Hatch David A.
Published: January 2016

In "Che Sciagura" Beckett uses the subversive attributes of dialogue to point out inconsistencies in the conservative political position regarding birth control in the developing Irish Free State. This largely overlooked, lesser known text not only positions Beckett in relation to issues current in Ireland at the time, but reveals his early use of the subversive aspect of dialogue, and provides insight into the more sophisticated subversion he develops subsequently in works such as "Three Dialogues" with George Duthuit.
Knowing How To Go On Ending
Authors: de Gaynesford Maximilian
Published: January 2016

This paper is about the difficulties of going on and of making an end as these themes emerge from Beckett's "The Expelled." It shows how our reading of the story can inform and be informed by Wittgenstein's investigations into rule-following. It argues that the story does considerably more than provide raw material for philosophy. (a) It reflects philosophically on various issues; (b) offers philosophical motivation to reflect on those issues; and (c) enters into the philosophical condition of profound self-reflection, being partly about the conditions of its own possibility.
Beckett Judaizing Beckett: "a Jew from Greenland" in Paris
Authors: Blackman Jackie
Published: January 2016

Through a biographical and thematic examination of Beckett's experience of Jews, Judaism and anti-Semitism in Dublin, Germany, and France, this paper will provide new information pertinent to an understanding of Beckett's postwar ethical and aesthetic approach. I will argue that the subtle yet discernible traces of Judaic suffering and otherness which can be found in Beckett's early plays demonstrate a unique form of hypersensitivity, which, in the aftermath of the catastrophe, can be seen to embody a timely and appropriate response to the problematics of Judaic mimesis.
Demented vs. Creative Emulation in
Authors: Cousineau Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

Beckett's notes for in his Notebook, especially his distinction between a and a , allow us to see in Murphy's subservience to a succession of "forces," culminating in his tragicomic effort to emulate Mr. Endon's psychosis, a degraded image of Beckett's own creative emulation of Dante and James Joyce, who serve as his principal literary guides in this novel. Beckett's highly original adaptation of the models bequeathed to him by these predecessors include his pervasive use of chiasmic patterns in and his echoing of the story of Icarus in the narration of Murphy's own doomed flight.
Posture de la prière, écriture de la précarité (, et ……)
Authors: Gesvret Guillaume
Published: January 2016

Samuel Beckett's works describe many postures. One of them is particularly interesting and helps us to analyse some major problems: the praying posture. In Beckett's prose, theatre or TV plays, especially in the last works, we find obsessive, strange or comic invocations which mix spectral figures and body or memory fragments. In and ……, images of prayer are like furtive apparitions. They may also be signs of a paradoxical and ambiguous view on writing.
'S WAYS: Addenda, Borders and Courses
Authors: Dowd Garin
Published: January 2016

While the theme of loss of spatio-temporal coordinates is pervasive in the late prose of Beckett, is already notable for the emphasis it places on dislocation. In particular, there is already evidence of what will later become a more distilled attention to the unstable threshold between interior and exterior that can be said to define the architectural itself.
"MAIS QUELLE EST CETTE VOIX?"
Authors: Clément Bruno
Published: January 2016

In this article I take up the question Blanchot asked in 1969 – "What voice is this?" – about and attempt to extend its significance. Voice is considered here one of the two essential figures in Beckett's work (the other being the image). My hypothesis is that for Beckett the voice is an irreducible figure by means of which he seeks to say something about the inherent doubleness of all esthetic production and indeed all utterance. This thematics permits me to compare Beckett to contemporary writers and philosophers and to propose a new criterion for distinguishing between literature and philosophy.
GENESIS, CHILD'S PLAY, AND THE GAZE OF SILENCE: Samuel Beckett and Paul Klee
Authors: Moorjani Angela
Published: January 2016

Samuel Beckett situated Paul Klee among "the great of [his] time." I explore the reasons for Beckett's recognition of an artist whose distillations suggest that he is to painting what Beckett is to the written word and stage. Beckett and Klee were among the modernist writers and artists who were fascinated with genesis and child's play in opting for a willed impoverishment of unseeing and unknowing. I will investigate this shared trajectory by drawing in particular on the work of Rudolf Arnheim on visual perception and the nonrepresentational translations children make of an intersecting inner and outer world.
"IMAGINATION, EAR AND EYE" ET "MÜDES VOGELGESTÖHN": une réflexion sur la musique et l'influence du poème "The Tower" dans …
Authors: Nowrousian Schirin
Published: January 2016

A poem, three television plays closely connected to this poem, tension between music and words, sleepy birds and people who are not less so, an unpublished manuscript stanza, and three unique witches: such are the topics of this article.
"WHAT KIND OF NAME IS THAT?": Samuel Beckett's Strategy of Naming
Authors: Kawashima Takeshi
Published: January 2016

When Joyce names his hero after a character from Ovid, the name indicates the subjectivity of multiple personalities and reflects Joyce's strategy of parallelism between contemporary life and mythical imagery. Samuel Beckett is one of the few who fully understood the nature of Joyce's nomenclature, and the existence of the character Belacqua in his early fiction, taken from Dante's , bears witness to this awareness. By comparing Beckett's system of naming with Joyce's, I would like to examine the way in which Beckett treats proper names.
AN END TO ENDINGS: Samuel Beckett's End Game(s)
Authors: Gontarski S. E.
Published: January 2016

As it is in , the preoccupation of Samuel Beckett's is bluntly announced in its title. The play begins with Clov's announcing its end. Hamm will later summarize the play's opening words about ending as if beginnings and endings have not so much been reversed as redoubled, the play ending where it began, with its ending. One complication in this , then, is not that the play has no ending, but that it has too many, or that it has only endings. This paper then explores Beckett's game of perpetuated endings and its implications for theatre.
"Infernal streams" – beckett's rivers
Authors: Nixon Mark
Published: January 2016

This paper examines the function and meaning of rivers, and other bodies of water, in Beckett's texts of the 1930s, concentrating in particular on . The specific use of rivers and by extension bridges as textual and structural devices in underlines the narrative's oscillations between movement and stasis, and prefigures Beckett's development of an aesthetic focusing on what the essay "Recent Irish Poetry" calls the "space that intervenes."
L'être de boue ne saurait être un être debout: L'eau et la terre dans Molloy de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Bertrand Michel
Published: January 2016

Molloy, like its double Moran, exists only because he is 'a mud' being ('un être de boue'). For this reason, the polysemia of the term, which 's dictionary details, accounts for the extreme richness of these rejects which the society regards as harmful parasites because they reverse the hierarchy of the social scale of values. This polysemia of the term 'mud' will thus lead us to consider social, ethical, metaphysical and scriptural dimensions of the first novel written in French by Beckett. The central metaphor of this excremential mixture of water and earth induces an existential postulation: Molloy as well as Moran cannot be held upright. Lastly, considering the characters in prospect, it will be advisable to compare them to the concept of "man of habits" that Samuel Beckett defines in ‥
Figure de mère et image de pierre: Le temps des cimetières dans et
Authors: Inkel Stéphane
Published: January 2016

The old woman from and the woman "on unseen knees" from are both described as stone figures. The role of the stone metaphor and the disappearance of its inscriptions invite us to re-examine memory in Beckett's later texts. Acting as a veritable screen, the stone, a metaphor of the old woman, is implicated in her erasure. This erasure of the figure of the old woman can be paired with the projection of all new desires onto the emptiness of the screen, that is to say onto the memory of the subject.