bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Single Index Model and Markowitz in Optimal Portfolio Selection in the Telecommunications Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020-2022
Authors: Devira Larasati  , Ari Rohmana  , Reza Mutiara  , Maria Yovita R. Pandin
Published: December 2023

This study, which uses qualitative methodology, compares and finds the best results from two approaches, namely the Markowitz model and the single index model to build an optimal portfolio. The population of this study consists of all stocks included in the telecommunications subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. Purposive sampling is used in this study to select samples. There are 5 candidate company stocks that meet the requirements in the sample criteria. From the results of the research conducted, it proves that with the single index model method, 3 stocks are included in the optimal portfolio, namely PT Tower Bersama Infrastructure Tbk (TBIG) with a proportion of 50%, PT Visi Telekomunikasi Infrastruktur Tbk (GOLD) with a proportion of 15%, and PT Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison Tbk (ISAT) with a proportion of 35%. From the research results of these 3 stocks to form an optimal portfolio, the expected return is 2% and the risk borne is 18%. While for the Markowitz model, 3 stocks were obtained as optimal portfolio candidates, namely PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (TLKM) with a proportion of 68%, PT Visi Telekomunikasi Infrastruktur Tbk (GOLD) with a proportion of 15%, and PT Tower Bersama Infrastructure Tbk (TBIG) with a proportion of 17%. From the research results of these 3 stocks to form the optimal portfolio, the expected return is 1% and the risk borne is 6%.
My personal philosophy of education and its practices
Authors: Kao Sophal
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to discuss and explore answers to the question of how much teachers in developing countries, where the educational budget and other resources are very limited and management and supervision systems are poor, care about applying their own philosophy and theories they have learned to their real teaching situations. The paper presents my personal philosophy of education, how it has been put into real practice, and what results have been achieved throughout my career. Autoethnography – an approach to research by which my personal philosophy of education was described, and my own educational practice and teaching experience were reflected, analyzed, and discussed – was adopted. It appears that after applying my personal philosophy and theories, I have learned thoroughly about my real teaching situation, and I am proud that I have achieved my own career goal of being an education professional. Consequently, I have enjoyed my career and made hundreds of my students become qualified teachers and improve their lives. Those qualified, well-trained teachers have proven good practice of my personal education philosophy through my strong lifelong commitment, diligence, and wisdom.
Promoting higher education reforms in Cambodia: Challenges and the way forward
Authors: Doeur Bunhorn
Published: December 2023

Higher education is essential for any nation. Countries that recognize the significance of higher education focus on improving the quality of their higher education. This article focuses on the role of universities in promoting reforms in higher education in Cambodia and how the universities have failed to play this critical role. It highlights how Cambodian universities have been unable to contribute to meaningful reforms in the higher education sector. It also discusses vital challenges to higher education development, such as inadequate access to higher education, politicization and commercialization of the sub-sector, and insufficient professional development for university teachers. The article concludes with recommendations on how Cambodian universities can contribute to accelerating reforms to improve higher education in Cambodia.
Immunoevaluation of hydrophobic modified polyethyleneimine as cationic polymer adjuvant
Authors: Bai Lu , Chen Xiaoqi , Li Chengyu , Zhang Fen , Zhou Haijun , Cheng Hua , Li Yantao , Xiao Jijun
Published: December 2023

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer that has excellent gene transfection effects as a gene transfection reagent. Its excellent proton sponge effect has attracted much attention in the field of vaccine adjuvants. However, its high positive charge density leads to high toxicity, which limits its application. In this paper, polyethyleneimine modified by stearyl chloride was used to reduce toxicity to obtain SA-PEI. The partical size of composite particles formed by SA-PEI adjuvant and ovalbumin (OVA) were smaller than 200 nm. In vivo experiments of Balb/c mice experiments showed that, compared with unmodified PEI, SA-PEI could significantly enhance the specific immune response to OVA and may promote the endocytosis of macrophages. This study clearly provides a promising cationic polymer adjuvant for the vaccine field.
Research On the Current Situation and Technical Exploration of Network Security in Power Monitoring System
Authors: Wang Lulu , Wang Zhijun
Published: December 2023

This paper analyzes the current situation of the network security of the power monitoring system, and discusses the weak link in the network security protection of the power monitoring system from the perspective of technical exploration. From the perspective of application, the application of trusted computing technology and malicious code technology in the security protection system of power monitoring system is discussed, so as to further ensure the network security of power monitoring system.
Numerical Simulation of Tantalum Capacitor Reflow Soldering in Temperature Field
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Lu Yunxiang , Surname Mengdie Wu
Published: December 2023

This article aims to simulate and design the thermal stress during the welding process of tantalum capacitors, which is prone to failure. In this paper, the subsection function is defined, the boundary conditions of thermal stress are set, and the mesh is divided through the temperature diagram of high temperature reflow welding process; Analyze the temperature changes in the welding machine based on time changes, and conduct simulation analysis of thermal stress and cross-sectional analysis of thermal stress. Through simulation results, improve the design structure to minimize the impact of welding process on capacitor failure.
Exploring the intranet as a change agent: On the sociomaterial entanglement of intranet technology, internal branding and everyday work
Authors: Schönian Katja Schönian
Published: December 2023

Internal and corporate branding have become prevalent strategies in the field of human resource management. They aim to promote employee commitment and identification with the company through its brand. However, scholars in critical management studies have highlighted the exercise of normative control through these measures. Using the example of an intranet implementation in the context of a company merger in the telecommunications industry, the article examines the branding strategies on the intranet and, furthermore, shows how it prompts employees to constantly reflect on and evaluate the different types of content and related work practices on the intranet. As becomes apparent, in the way the branding content competes with other, to employees more relevant information on the intranet, it is constantly being devaluated. In this manner, the intranet becomes an ambivalent carrier of branding practices, effectively resulting in employees undermining management’s call to identify with the new company brand through the intranet. Nevertheless, the article highlights the ability of employees to overlook irrelevant content as a positive quality of the intranet. It argues for a greater understanding of everyday work in addition to a further integration of employees into change management projects.
Un projecte cinematogràfic inacabat: «El Caballero Tirante el Blanco» i «Tirante en Constantinopla» de Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Josep M. Forn
Authors: Garcia Raffi Josep-Vicent
Published: December 2023

A finals dels anys setanta la productora de Josep Maria Forn va guanyar un concurs de TVE para rodar l’adaptació de Tirant lo Blanc en una sèrie televisiva. Els guions eren escrits pel mateix director i l’escriptora Maria Aurèlia Capmany que ja havia adaptat anys abans dues vegades la novel·la al teatre. El complicat procés de producció va suposar un retard permanent del rodatge (que mai no va produir-se) i uns canvis en la reescriptura dels guions organitzats en una o dues pel·lícules, en un altre tipus de sèrie i en les traduccions a diferents llengües, tasca que va durar més de vint anys. Estudiem la segona de les reescriptures, a les primeries de la dècada dels vuitanta, quan van adaptar els guions primers en català a dues pel·lícules en espanyol: El Caballero Tirante el Blanco i Tirante el Blanco en Constantinopla.
«¿Y qué lugar tan esquivo es éste que en él no ay sino cuita y afán?». Poética del 'locus horridus' en los libros de caballerías españoles
Authors: Aguilar Perdomo María del Rosario
Published: December 2023

El locus horridus es un código retórico que identifica un lugar impenetrable, hostil, lleno de peligros. Contraparte del lugar ameno, este lugar espantoso se asocia al bosque, a la montaña, a las cuevas y remite desde un punto de vista cultural a una poética del miedo todavía enraizada en la mentalidad de la temprana Edad Moderna. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los rasgos que caracterizan los loci terribili en algunos libros de caballerías españoles y su vínculo con las emociones que abruman a los personajes cuando transitan por ellos.
Miente el colofón y hablan las xilografías: el «Palmerín de Olivia» (Medina del Campo, Francisco del Canto, 1562) impreso en Évora por Cristóbal de Burgos, 1581
Authors: Marín Pina M.ª Carmen
Published: December 2023

La edición del Palmerín de Olivia que dice estar impresa por Francisco del Canto en Medina del Campo, en 1562, es una edición incompleta (solo incluye la mitad del libro) y fraudulenta porque falsea los datos de lugar, impresor y año aportados en el colofón. Un proceso inquisitorial portugués (1581-1582) determinó que realmente fue impresa, sin licencia, por Cristóbal de Burgos en Évora, en 1581. El documento inquisitorial aporta datos relevantes sobre el proceso de la edición y los entresijos del mundo del libro. El análisis de los materiales gráficos (grabado, orlas y capitulares) de la edición corrobora su auténtica realidad y cómo estos proceden de la imprenta de su padre Andrés de Burgos, quien, a su vez, trabajó con los que fueran del impresor Germán Gallarde, y no de la del impresor medinés Francisco del Canto.
Ferrer del Río, Estefanía, «El primer marqués del Cenete: cultura y coleccionismo bibliográfico de un noble del Renacimiento», Xàtiva, Ulleye, 2021.
Authors: Cuesta Esteve Teresa
Published: December 2023

Ressenya de: Estefanía Ferrer del Río, El primer marqués del Cenete: cultura y coleccionismo bibliográfico de un noble del Renacimiento. Xàtiva, Ulleye, 2021.
Rodríguez de Montalvo, Garci, «Amadís de Gaula» [versión japonesa], trad. y ed. Kunikazu Iwane, Tokio, Sairyusha, 2019, 2 vols
Authors: Ogawa Yoshinori
Published: December 2023

Reseña de: Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, Amadís de Gaula [versión japonesa], traducción, estudios y notas de Kunikazu Iwane, Tokio, Sairyusha, 2019, 2 vols.
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SINGLY CURVED CLAMPED SHELLS USING THE ISOGEOMETRIC FINITE STRIP METHOD
Authors: Borković Aleksandar , Majstorović Dijana , Milovanović Snježana , Vo Duy
Published: December 2023

A hybrid method for the spatial discretization of two-dimensional domains is recently derived and applied to the problem of free vibrations of simply-supported singly curved shells. This new method follows from a tensor product of NURBS functions and a carefully selected series that satisfies boundary conditions a priori. The formulation unifies spatial discretization schemes of the semi-analytical Finite strip method and the Isogeometric analysis. In this paper, the method is improved by implementing the capability to deal with clamped-clamped boundary conditions. The numerical analysis shows that the method has favorable accuracy per DOF, in comparison with the standard finite elements.
ENERGY EFFICIENT REFURBISHMENT OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BELGRADE, SERBIA
Authors: Miletić Nikola , Ignjatović Dušan , Zevković Bojana , Ćuković Ignjatović Nataša
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the methodological approach for improvement of energy performance of public buildings in the process of partial refurbishment, having in mind the constrains that are originating from existing technological, material and stylistic characteristics. Being the carriers of wider social and historical connotations, these buildings are often under the certain level of protection as the parts of the cultural heritage making the process of improvement a complex one. For this reason, an improvement path algorithm has been defined and consequently tested on two representative cases investigating the boundaries, possibilities and outcomes of the energy refurbishment procedures.
ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGES OF URBAN AREAS USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Gavrilović Milan , Ruskovski Igor , Sladić Dubravka , Radulović Aleksandra , Govedarica Miro , Jovanović Dušan
Published: December 2023

Land use/Land cover (LULC) is crucial for land management. This study shows the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC for a wide area of Novi Sad with the emphasis on the urban area analysis. Results presented in this study aim to estimate LULC changes and predict future trends of urban area expansion in Novi Sad. Conducted study shows that in the years to come there will be a decrease in the urban area expansion compared to last 35 years.
NEIDHARDT’S VERNACULAR-MODERNIST GLOSSARY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA’S ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
Authors: Simonović Dijana
Published: December 2023

The construction principles underlying Bosnia and Herzegovina’s traditional building and the characteristics of its modernist architecture provide a basis for a set of criteria to evaluate its modernist heritage. The architect and town planner Juraj Neidhardt created a modernist-vernacular glossary of Bosnian-Herzegovinian architecture and town planning, with new terms based on analogies with concepts and spatial elements used in the past. Neidhardt’s modernism has regional characteristics and is the earliest representation of critical regionalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1970s. There is a real need to reconsider and conceptualize alternative approaches to the process of revaluation of the entire material heritage of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian modernist era.
POSSIBILITY OF USING SENTINEL RADAR SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Vujasinović Miroslav , Skorup Dragana
Published: December 2023

The use of active radar systems ensured the acquisition data of Earths surface on any place and at all time, in any atmospheric contidions. This paper presents the possibility of a Sentinel radar satellite system and the advantage of publicly available data and open source software solutions.
COMPARISON OF IRI-2016 AND NEQUICK MODELS OF THE IONOSPHERE OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA DURING THE YEAR 2019
Authors: Todorović Drakul Miljana , Grekulović Sanja , Odalović Oleg , Petković Dušan
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a comparative study of the total vertical electron content (VTEC) calculated using the IRI-2016 and NeQuick2 models were performed. The research was done for the days of maximum solar activity in 2019, with data from seven IGS GNNS stations in the region of the Balkan Peninsula. The results show that both models agree quite well with the observed VTEC values obtained from GNSS measurements at all stations, although with some offset observed during several days at different times. The IRI-2016 model performed better than the NeQuick2 model most of the days and stations for which the NeQuick model overestimates the GNSS VTEC. The results show that the Neckick model gives better quality values in some cases, but for isolated instances.
RADON SOURCES AND ACTION LEVELS
Authors: Rašović Jelena , Antunović Biljana
Published: December 2023

Radon is by far the largest contributor to population exposure because the dose received from radon and its progeny exceeds all other radiation sources. After smoking, it is the second most frequent cause of the lung cancer, therefore it is classified as Group 1 carcinogenic to humans. The soil under a building is the major source of indoor radon. An important contribution to indoor radon concentration comes from building materials whose composition includes volcano rocks as well as household water. The aim of this paper is to present a brief overview of indoor radon sources and prescribed permitted concentration levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the world. Finally, the hazardous effects on human health have been discussed.
SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN ENHANCING CITY RESILIENCE – THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF USE IN THE CITY OF NIŠ, SERBIA
Authors: Dinić Branković Milena , Đekić Jelena , Igić Milica , Marković Milica
Published: December 2023

Within an integrated planning approach, urban streams are a valuable natural resource with strategic significance for creating resilient cities. This paper explores the revitalization of small urban streams within sustainable development practices, and discusses the manifold benefits that it brings about. Best practice examples are presented to illustrate how watercourse revitalization improves flood mitigation and stormwater treatment, strengthens urban ecology, diversifies recreation options, and enhances visual appeal of the waterfront. These experiences are used to establish urban planning and design guidelines for revitalization of small streams in the City of Niš. The results of this study should help with both setting up policy framework and implementation in planning practice.
MAN AND SPACE OF EXCHANGE - STRATEGIES AND TACTICS FOR DESIGNING A MARKETPLACE AS A PLACE FOR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES
Authors: Stupar Diana , Stanković Jelena , Živanović Ivan
Published: December 2023

The marketplace has been transforming throughout history in relation to typo-morphology, causing changes in socio-spatial relationships negotiated on many levels. The question is: how do different centers of power change the typo-morphology of a marketplace and thus influence everyday social life? In this paper, we try to understand these changes in relationship between a man and a marketplace, where we analyze his position within the space of exchange through strategies of power and everyday tactics. How does a man feel in these types of spaces: is he/she feeling free and protected on the one hand, or isolated on the other? The answer can be seen through exchange of tactics of everyday activities.
CULTURE OF MEMORY AND HERITAGE AS A STRONG CONNECTION – A CASE OF MONASTERY OF THE HOLY ARCHANGELS IN PRIZREN
Authors: Guzijan Jasna , Cvijić Siniša
Published: December 2023

The paper researches monasteries as special “places” that are culture bearers from the Middle Ages – when this type of religious community was established – to the present day. They are strongly embedded in the identity of a nation in a way that they have all characteristics of tangible and intangible heritage. The paper researches a relationship that monasteries have as a point of gathering, culture preservation, customs and tradition, which contributes to building knowledge about the manner of living in past centuries. A case study, which was used to explore the role of monasteries in a collective memory and fostering of Serbian cultural heritage, relates to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren which was an important pillar of Serbian medieval culture.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 1:50.000 MADE BY MGI
Authors: Radojčić Stevan
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the methodology of testing and evaluating the positional accuracy of the topographic map of Serbia in the scale of 1: 50 000, published by the Military Geographical Institute from Belgrade, and gives an overview of the obtained results.The assessment of accuracy is done by comparing the planimetric coordinates of the map points to the coordinates of the same points as determined by a field measurements of very higher accuracy, according to American National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy.
Cell type-specific contributions to a persistent aggressive internal state in female Drosophila
Authors: Chiu Hui , Robie Alice A. , Branson Kristin M. , Vippa Tanvi , Epstein Samantha , Rubin Gerald M. , Anderson David J. , Schretter Catherine E.
Published: December 2023

Persistent internal states are important for maintaining survival-promoting behaviors, such as aggression. In female
Drosophila melanogaster
, we have previously shown that individually activating either aIPg or pC1d cell types can induce aggression. Here we investigate further the individual roles of these cholinergic, sexually dimorphic cell types, and the reciprocal connections between them, in generating a persistent aggressive internal state. We find that a brief 30-second optogenetic stimulation of aIPg neurons was sufficient to promote an aggressive internal state lasting at least 10 minutes, whereas similar stimulation of pC1d neurons did not. While we previously showed that stimulation of pC1e alone does not evoke aggression, persistent behavior could be promoted through simultaneous stimulation of pC1d and pC1e, suggesting an unexpected synergy of these cell types in establishing a persistent aggressive state. Neither aIPg nor pC1d show persistent neuronal activity themselves, implying that the persistent internal state is maintained by other mechanisms. Moreover, inactivation of pC1d did not significantly reduce aIPg-evoked persistent aggression arguing that the aggressive state did not depend on pC1d-aIPg recurrent connectivity. Our results suggest the need for alternative models to explain persistent female aggression.
Detection of new pioneer transcription factors as cell-type specific nucleosome binders
Authors: Peng Yunhui , Song Wei , Teif Vladimir B. , Ovcharenko Ivan , Landsman David , Panchenko Anna R.
Published: December 2023

Wrapping of DNA into nucleosomes restricts accessibility to the DNA and may affect the recognition of binding motifs by transcription factors. A certain class of transcription factors, the pioneer transcription factors, can specifically recognize their DNA binding sites on nucleosomes, may initiate local chromatin opening and facilitate the binding of co-factors in a cell-type-specific manner. For the majority of human pioneer transcription factors, the locations of their binding sites, mechanisms of binding and regulation remain unknown. We have developed a computational method to predict the cell-type-specific ability of transcription factors to bind nucleosomes by integrating ChIP-seq, MNase-seq and DNase-seq data with details of nucleosome structure. We have demonstrated the ability of our approach in discriminating pioneer from canonical transcription factors and predicted new potential pioneer transcription factors in H1, K562, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Lastly, we systemically analyzed the interaction modes between various pioneer transcription factors and detected several clusters of distinctive binding sites on nucleosomal DNA.
Mechanical activation of TWIK-related potassium channel by nanoscopic movement and rapid second messenger signaling
Authors: Nicholas Petersen E. , Pavel Mahmud Arif , Hansen Samuel S. , Gudheti Manasa , Wang Hao , Yuan Zixuan , Murphy Keith R. , Ja William W. , Ferris Heather A , Jorgensen Erik M. , Hansen Scott B.
Published: December 2023

Rapid conversion of force into a biological signal enables living cells to respond to mechanical forces in their environment. The force is believed to initially affect the plasma membrane and then alter the behavior of membrane proteins. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is a mechanosensitive enzyme that is regulated by a structured membrane-lipid site comprised of cholesterol and saturated ganglioside (GM1). Here we show stretch activation of TWIK-related K
+
channel (TREK-1) is mechanically evoked by PLD2 and spatial patterning involving ordered GM1 and 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP
2
) clusters. First, mechanical force deforms the ordered lipids, which lowers membrane cholesterol, disrupts the interaction of PLD2 with the GM1 lipids, and allows a complex of TREK-1 and PLD2 to associate with PIP
2
clusters. The association with PIP
2
activates the enzyme, which produces the second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) that gates the channel. Co-expression of catalytically inactive PLD2 inhibits TREK-1 stretch currents in a biological membrane. Cellular uptake of cholesterol inhibits TREK-1 currents in culture and depletion of cholesterol from astrocytes releases TREK-1 from GM1 lipids in mouse brain. Depletion of the PLD2 ortholog in flies results in hypersensitivity to mechanical force. We conclude PLD2 mechanosensitivity combines with TREK-1 ion permeability to elicit a mechanically evoked response.Shear thinning activates TREK-1 through a second messenger.
Gle1 is required for tRNA to stimulate Dbp5 ATPase activity in vitro and to promote Dbp5 mediated tRNA export in vivo
Authors: Rajan Arvind Arul Nambi , Asada Ryuta , Montpetit Ben
Published: December 2023

Cells must maintain a pool of processed and charged transfer RNAs (tRNA) to sustain translation capacity and efficiency. Numerous parallel pathways support the processing and directional movement of tRNA in and out of the nucleus to meet this cellular demand. Recently, several proteins known to control messenger RNA (mRNA) transport were implicated in tRNA export. The DEAD-box Protein 5, Dbp5, is one such example. In this study, genetic and molecular evidence demonstrates that Dbp5 functions parallel to the canonical tRNA export factor Los1.
In vivo
co-immunoprecipitation data further shows Dbp5 is recruited to tRNA independent of Los1, Msn5 (another tRNA export factor), or Mex67 (mRNA export adaptor), which contrasts with Dbp5 recruitment to mRNA that is abolished upon loss of Mex67 function. However, as with mRNA export, overexpression of Dbp5 dominant-negative mutants indicates a functional ATPase cycle and that binding of Dbp5 to Gle1 is required by Dbp5 to direct tRNA export. Biochemical characterization of the Dbp5 catalytic cycle demonstrates the direct interaction of Dbp5 with tRNA (or double stranded RNA) does not activate Dbp5 ATPase activity, rather tRNA acts synergistically with Gle1 to fully activate Dbp5. These data suggest a model where Dbp5 directly binds tRNA to mediate export, which is spatially regulated via Dbp5 ATPase activation at nuclear pore complexes by Gle1.
Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans
Authors: Otarigho Benson , Butts Anna Frances , Aballay Alejandro
Published: December 2023

The survival of hosts during infections relies on their ability to mount effective molecular and behavioral immune responses. Despite extensive research on these defense strategies in various species, including the model organism
Caenorhabditis elegans
, the neural mechanisms underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the role of neural G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating both immunity and pathogen avoidance, which is particularly dependent on aerotaxis. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a screen of mutants in neuropeptide receptor family genes. We found that loss-of-function mutations in
npr-15
activated immunity while suppressing pathogen avoidance behavior. Through further analysis, NPR-15 was found to regulate immunity by modulating the activity of key transcription factors, namely GATA/ELT-2 and TFEB/HLH-30. Surprisingly, the lack of pathogen avoidance of
npr-15
mutant animals was not influenced by oxygen levels. Moreover, our studies revealed that the amphid sensory neuron ASJ is involved in mediating the immune and behavioral responses orchestrated by NPR-15. Additionally, NPR-15 was found to regulate avoidance behavior via the TRPM gene, GON-2, which may sense the intestinal distension caused by bacterial colonization to elicit pathogen avoidance. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of host defense strategies and mechanisms underlining the interaction between molecular and behavioral immune responses.
Protein Kinase Structure and Dynamics: Role of the αC-β4 Loop
Authors: Wu Jian , Jonniya Nisha A. , Hirakis Sophia P. , Olivieri Cristina , Veglia Gianluigi , Kornev Alexandr P. , Taylor Susan S.
Published: December 2023

Although the αC-β4 loop is a stable feature of all protein kinases, the importance of this motif as a conserved element of secondary structure, as well as its links to the hydrophobic architecture of the kinase core, has been underappreciated. We first review the motif and then describe how it is linked to the hydrophobic spine architecture of the kinase core, which we first discovered using a computational tool, Local Spatial Pattern (LSP) alignment. Based on NMR predictions that a mutation in this motif abolishes the synergistic high-affinity binding of ATP and a pseudo substrate inhibitor, we used LSP to interrogate the F100A mutant. This comparison highlights the importance of the αC-β4 loop and key residues at the interface between the N- and C-lobes. In addition, we delved more deeply into the structure of the apo C-subunit, which lacks ATP. While apo C-subunit showed no significant changes in backbone dynamics of the αC-β4 loop, we found significant differences in the side chain dynamics of K105. The LSP analysis suggests disruption of communication between the N- and C-lobes in the F100A mutant, which would be consistent with the structural changes predicted by the NMR spectroscopy.
Movies reveal the fine-grained organization of infant visual cortex
Authors: Ellis Cameron T , Yates Tristan S , Arcaro Michael J , Turk-Browne Nicholas B
Published: December 2023

Studying infant minds with movies is a promising way to increase engagement relative to traditional tasks. However, the spatial specificity and functional significance of movie-evoked activity in infants remains unclear. Here we investigated what movies can reveal about the organization of the infant visual system. We collected fMRI data from 15 awake infants and toddlers aged 5–23 months who attentively watched a movie. The activity evoked by the movie reflected the functional profile of visual areas. Namely, homotopic areas from the two hemispheres responded similarly to the movie, whereas distinct areas responded dissimilarly, especially across dorsal and ventral visual cortex. Moreover, visual maps that typically require time-intensive and complicated retinotopic mapping could be predicted, albeit imprecisely, from movie-evoked activity in both data-driven analyses (i.e., independent components analysis) at the individual level and by using functional alignment into a common low-dimensional embedding to generalize across participants. These results suggest that the infant visual system is already structured to process dynamic, naturalistic information and that fine-grained cortical organization can be discovered from movie data.
A parametrized two-domain thermodynamic model explains diverse mutational effects on protein allostery
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Gillis Thomas , Raman Srivatsan , Cui Qiang
Published: December 2023

New experimental findings continue to challenge our understanding of protein allostery. Recent deep mutational scanning study showed that allosteric hotspots in the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and its homologous transcriptional factors are broadly distributed rather than spanning well-defined structural pathways as often assumed. Moreover, hotspot mutation-induced allostery loss was rescued by distributed additional mutations in a degenerate fashion. Here, we develop a two-domain thermodynamic model for TetR, which readily rationalizes these intriguing observations. The model accurately captures the in vivo activities of various mutants with changes in physically transparent parameters, allowing the data-based quantification of mutational effects using statistical inference. Our analysis reveals the intrinsic connection of intra- and inter-domain properties for allosteric regulation and illustrate epistatic interactions that are consistent with structural features of the protein. The insights gained from this study into the nature of two-domain allostery are expected to have broader implications for other multidomain allosteric proteins.
In vitro pigmentation of human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells does not indicate their quality for cell transplantation
Authors: Nakai-Futatsugi Yoko , Jin Jianshi , Ogawa Taisaku , Sakai Noriko , Maeda Akiko , Hironaka Ken-ichi , Fukuda Masakazu , Danno Hiroki , Tanaka Yuji , Hori Seiji , Shiroguchi Katsuyuki , Takahashi Masayo
Published: December 2023

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells show heterogeneous level of pigmentation when cultured
in vitro
. To know whether their color in appearance indicates functional qualities of the RPE, especially in terms of clinical use for cell transplantation, we analyzed the correlation between the color intensities and the gene expression profile of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells (iPSC-RPE) at single cell level. For this purpose, we utilized our recent invention, Automated Live imaging and cell Picking System (ALPS), which enabled photographing each cell before RNA-sequencing analysis to profile the gene expression of each cell. While our iPSC-RPE were categorized in 4 clusters by gene expression, the color intensity of iPSC-RPE did not project any specific gene expression profiles, suggesting the degree of pigmentation of iPSC-RPE
in vitro
does not specifically correlate with quality metrics for clinical use.
ElegansBot: Development of equation of motion deciphering locomotion including omega turns of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chung Taegon , Chang Iksoo , Kim Sangyeol
Published: December 2023

Locomotion is a fundamental behavior of
Caenorhabditis elegans
(
C. elegans
). Previous works on kinetic simulations of animals helped researchers understand the physical mechanisms of locomotion and the muscle-controlling principles of neuronal circuits as an actuator part. It has yet to be understood how
C. elegans
utilizes the frictional forces caused by the tension of its muscles to perform sequenced locomotive behaviors. Here, we present a two-dimensional rigid body chain model for the locomotion of
C. elegans
by developing Newtonian equations of motion for each body segment of
C. elegans
. Having accounted for friction-coefficients of the surrounding environment, elastic constants of
C. elegans
, and its kymogram from experiments, our kinetic model (ElegansBot) reproduced various locomotion of
C. elegans
such as, but not limited to, forward-backward-(omega turn)-forward locomotion constituting escaping behavior and delta-turn navigation. Additionally, ElegansBot precisely quantified the forces acting on each body segment of
C. elegans
to allow investigation of the force distribution. This model will facilitate our understanding of the detailed mechanism of various locomotive behaviors at any given friction-coefficients of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, as the model ensures the performance of realistic behavior, it can be used to research actuator-controller interaction between muscles and neuronal circuits.
Evolution of olfactory sensitivity, preferences and behavioral responses in Mexican cavefish: fish personality matters
Authors: Blin Maryline , Valay Louis , Kuratko Manon , Pavie Marie , Rétaux Sylvie
Published: December 2023

Animals are adapted to their natural habitats and lifestyles. Their brains perceive the external world
via
their sensory systems, compute information and generate appropriate behavioral outputs. However, how do these processes evolve across evolution? Here, focusing on the sense of olfaction, we have studied the evolution in olfactory sensitivity, preferences and behavioral responses to six different amino acid odors in the two morphs of the fish
Astyanax mexicanus
. To this end, we have developed a high-throughput behavioral setup and pipeline of quantitative and qualitative behavior analysis, and we have tested 425 six-week-old
Astyanax
larvae. The blind, dark-adapted morphs of the species showed markedly distinct basal swimming patterns and behavioral responses to odors, higher olfactory sensitivity and a strong preference for alanine, as compared to their river-dwelling eyed conspecifics. In addition, we discovered that fish have an individual “swimming personality”, and that this personality influences their capability to respond efficiently to odors and find the source. Importantly, the personality traits that favored significant responses to odors were different in surface fish and cavefish. Moreover, the responses displayed by second-generation cave x surface F2 hybrids suggested that olfactory-driven behavior is a quantitative genetic trait. Our findings show that olfactory processing has rapidly evolved in cavefish at several levels: detection threshold, odor preference, and foraging behavior strategy. Cavefish is therefore an outstanding model to understand the genetic, molecular and neurophysiological basis of sensory specialization in response to environmental change.
Signatures of transposon-mediated genome inflation, host specialization, and photoentrainment in Entomophthora muscae and allied entomophthoralean fungi
Authors: Stajich Jason E. , Lovett Brian , Lee Emily , Macias Angie M. , Hajek Ann E. , de Bivort Benjamin L. , Kasson Matt T. , De Fine Licht Henrik H. , Elya Carolyn
Published: December 2023

Despite over a century of observations, the obligate insect parasites within the order Entomophthorales remain poorly characterized at the genetic level. This is in part due to their large genome sizes and difficulty in obtaining sequenceable material. In this manuscript, we leveraged a recently-isolated, laboratory-tractable
Entomophthora muscae
isolate and improved long-read sequencing to obtain a largely-complete entomophthoralean genome. Our
E. muscae
assembly is 1.03 Gb, consists of 7,810 contigs and contains 81.3% complete fungal BUSCOs. Using a comparative approach with other available (transcriptomic and genomic) datasets from entomophthoralean fungi, we provide new insight into the biology of these understudied pathogens. We offer a head-to-head comparison of morphological and molecular data for species within the
E. muscae
species complex. Our findings suggest that substantial taxonomic revision is needed to define species within this group and we provide recommendations for differentiating strains and species in the context of the existing body of
E. muscae
scientific literature. We show that giant genomes are the norm within Entomophthoraceae owing to extensive, but not recent, Ty3 retrotransposon activity, despite the presence of anti-transposable element defense machinery (RNAi). In addition, we find that
E. muscae
and its closest allies are enriched for M16A peptidases and possess genes that are likely homologs to the blue-light sensor
white-collar 1
, a
Neurospora crassa
gene that has a well-established role in maintaining circadian rhythms. We find that
E. muscae
has an expanded group of acid-trehalases, consistent with trehalose being the primary sugar component of fly (and insect) hemolymph. We uncover evidence that
E. muscae
diverged from other entomophthoralean fungi by expansion of existing families, rather than loss of particular domains, and possesses a potentially unique suite of secreted catabolic enzymes, consistent with
E. muscae
’s species-specific, biotrophic lifestyle. Altogether, we provide a genetic and molecular foundation that we hope will provide a platform for the continued study of the unique biology of entomophthoralean fungi.
Synovial macrophage diversity and activation of M-CSF signaling in post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Knights Alexander J. , Farrell Easton C. , Ellis Olivia M. , Song Michelle J. , Appleton C. Thomas , Maerz Tristan
Published: December 2023

Synovium is home to immune and stromal cell types that orchestrate inflammation following a joint injury; in particular, macrophages are central protagonists in this process. We sought to define the cellular and temporal dynamics of the synovial immune niche in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), and to identify stromal-immune crosstalk mechanisms that coordinate macrophage function and phenotype.We induced PTOA in mice using a non-invasive tibial compression model of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR). Single cell RNA-seq and flow cytometry were used to assess immune cell populations in healthy (Sham) and injured (7d and 28d post-ACLR) synovium. Characterization of synovial macrophage polarization states was performed, alongside computational modeling of macrophage differentiation, as well as implicated transcriptional regulators and stromal-immune communication axes.Immune cell types are broadly represented in healthy synovium, but experience drastic expansion and speciation in PTOA, most notably in the macrophage portion. We identified several polarization states of macrophages in synovium following joint injury, underpinned by distinct transcriptomic signatures, and regulated in part by stromal-derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling. The transcription factors Pu.1, Cebpα, Cebpβ, and Jun were predicted to control differentiation of systemically derived monocytes into pro-inflammatory synovial macrophages.We defined different synovial macrophage subpopulations present in healthy and injured mouse synovium. Nuanced characterization of the distinct functions, origins, and disease kinetics of macrophage subtypes in PTOA will be critical for targeting these highly versatile cells for therapeutic purposes.
Expanding the Drosophila toolkit for dual control of gene expression
Authors: Zirin Jonathan , Jusiak Barbara , Lopes Raphael , Ewen-Campen Ben , Bosch Justin A. , Risbeck Alexandria , Forman Corey , Villalta Christians , Hu Yanhui , Perrimon Norbert
Published: December 2023

The ability to independently control gene expression in two different tissues in the same animal is emerging as a major need, especially in the context of inter-organ communication studies. This type of study is made possible by technologies combining the GAL4/UAS and a second binary expression system such as the LexA-system or QF-system. Here, we describe a resource of reagents that facilitate combined use of the GAL4/UAS and a second binary system in various
Drosophila
tissues. Focusing on genes with well-characterized GAL4 expression patterns, we generated a set of more than 40 LexA-GAD and QF2 insertions by CRISPR knock- in and verified their tissue-specificity in larvae. We also built constructs that encode QF2 and LexA-GAD transcription factors in a single vector. Following successful integration of this construct into the fly genome, FLP/FRT recombination is used to isolate fly lines that express only QF2 or LexA-GAD. Finally, using new compatible shRNA vectors, we evaluated both LexA and QF systems for
in vivo
gene knockdown and are generating a library of such RNAi fly lines as a community resource. Together, these LexA and QF system vectors and fly lines will provide a new set of tools for researchers who need to activate or repress two different genes in an orthogonal manner in the same animal.
Real time anatomical landmarks and abnormalities detection in gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Khan Zeshan , Tahir Muhammad Atif
Published: December 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is an active research field due to the lethal cancer diseases in the GI tract. Cancer treatments result better if diagnosed early and it increases the survival chances. There is a high miss rate in the detection of the abnormalities in the GI tract during endoscopy or colonoscopy due to the lack of attentiveness, tiring procedures, or the lack of required training. The procedure of the detection can be automated to the reduction of the risks by identifying and flagging the suspicious frames. A suspicious frame may have some of the abnormality or the information about anatomical landmark in the frame. The frame then can be analysed for the anatomical landmarks and the abnormalities for the detection of disease. In this research, a real-time endoscopic abnormalities detection system is presented that detects the abnormalities and the landmarks. The proposed system is based on a combination of handcrafted and deep features. Deep features are extracted from lightweight MobileNet convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. There are some of the classes with a small inter-class difference and a higher intra-class differences, for such classes the same detection threshold is unable to distinguish. The threshold of such classes is learned from the training data using genetic algorithm. The system is evaluated on various benchmark datasets and resulted in an accuracy of 0.99 with the F1-score of 0.91 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.91 on Kvasir datasets and F1-score of 0.93 on the dataset of DowPK. The system detects abnormalities in real-time with the detection speed of 41 frames per second.
Art appreciation model design based on improved PageRank and ECA-ResNeXt50 algorithm
Authors: Yang Hang , Chen Jingyao
Published: December 2023

Image sentiment analysis technology can predict, measure and understand the emotional experience of human beings through images. Aiming at the problem of extracting emotional characteristics in art appreciation, this article puts forward an innovative method. Firstly, the PageRank algorithm is enhanced using tweet content similarity and time factors; secondly, the SE-ResNet network design is used to integrate Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) with the residual network structure, and ResNeXt50 is optimized to enhance the extraction of image sentiment features. Finally, the weight coefficients of overall emotions are dynamically adjusted to select a specific emotion incorporation strategy, resulting in effective bimodal fusion. The proposed model demonstrates exceptional performance in predicting sentiment labels, with maximum classification accuracy reaching 88.20%. The accuracy improvement of 21.34% compared to the traditional deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) model attests to the effectiveness of this study. This research enriches images and texts’ emotion feature extraction capabilities and improves the accuracy of emotion fusion classification.