bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting value out of working memory through strategic prioritisation: Implications for storage and control
Authors: Allen Richard J , Atkinson Amy L , Hitch Graham J
Published: May 2024

Working memory is an active system responsible for the temporary maintenance and processing of information in the support of cognition and action. In keeping with this, a growing body of research has explored the close links between working memory and attention, and how these might be harnessed to impact performance and possibly improve working memory efficiency. This is theoretically and practically important, given that working memory is a central hub in complex cognition yet is extremely capacity- and resource-limited. We review work carried out over the last 10 years or so looking at how high “value” items in working memory can be strategically prioritised through selective attention, drawing principally from visual working memory paradigms with young adult participants, while also discussing how the core effects extend to different task domains and populations. A consistent set of core findings emerges, with improved memory for items that are allocated higher value but no change in overall task performance, and a recency advantage regardless of point allocation when items are encountered sequentially. Value-directed prioritisation is effortful, under top-down strategic control, and appears to vary with perceptual distraction and executive load. It is driven by processes operating during encoding, maintenance, and retrieval, though the extent to which these are influenced by different features of the task context remains to be mapped out. We discuss implications for working memory, attention, and strategic control, and note some possible future directions of travel for this promising line of research.
The organisation and operation of policing on university campuses: A case study
Authors: Menichelli Francesca , Bullock Karen , Garland Jon , Allen Jonathan
Published: May 2024

The operation of policing services on university campuses in the United Kingdom is under-researched. Drawing on interviews with university managers, security personnel and residential wardens, this article adds to the limited literature on policing in educational institutions by providing a case study of the organisation and implementation of campus policing at a university in the United Kingdom. We find that the work of the security teams includes routine housekeeping and caretaking tasks across campus, maintaining adherence to university rules and regulations, enhancing student well-being and welfare and preventing and responding to crimes. Further research is needed to understand how university spaces are managed and policed across the United Kingdom and the role of private security in dealing with welfare and mental health issues on campus.
Mastering bladder paraganglioma for optimal treatment: a case report of robot-assisted surgery
Authors: Orsini Angelo , Ferretti Simone , Tamborino Flavia , Cicchetti Rossella , Ciavarella Davide , Seccia Barbara , Basilico Raffaella , Colasante Antonella , Marchioni Michele , Schips Luigi
Published: May 2024

Bladder paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm, either functional or non-functional, arising from the urinary bladder. Functional variants present with catecholamine-related symptoms, while non-functional variants pose diagnostic challenges, mimicking urothelial carcinoma. Misdiagnosis risks underscore the importance of accurate identification for appropriate patient management. In this case, a 52-year-old man, diagnosed incidentally with hypertension and reported occasional post-micturition tachycardia, underwent abdominal ultrasound for known hepatic cyst follow-up, revealing an oval hypoechoic bladder mass. Initial consideration of bladder urothelial carcinoma prompted further investigation with contrast-enhanced CT scan and cystoscopy that confirmed extrinsic mass nature, and subsequent robotic-assisted partial cystectomy was performed. Histologically, the removed mass exhibited characteristic features of bladder paraganglioma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with resolution of post-micturition tachycardia at 1 month. Follow-up includes endocrinological evaluation and a 6-month CT scan. In conclusion, bladder paraganglioma should be considered in para-vesical mass differentials. This case highlights the importance of meticulous history collection, even in asymptomatic patients, the need for a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and management of this rare condition, and the robotic approach as a viable option.
Central Vestibular Dysfunction in Head Injury
Authors: Kraus Mordechai , Hassannia Fatemeh , Dabiri Sasan , Vergara Olmos Gabriela , Rutka John Alexander
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aims to provide an overview of dizziness post head injury in those with prominent features for central vestibular dysfunction (CVD) in comparison to those with a post-traumatic peripheral vestibular etiology.

Study design

Retrospective.

Setting

University Health Network (UHN) Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) database from 1988 to 2018 were evaluated for post-traumatic dizziness.

Methods

The UHN WSIB neurotology database (n = 4291) between 1998 and 2018 was retrospectively studied for head-injured workers presenting with features for CVD associated with trauma. All patients had a detailed neurotological history and examination, audiovestibular testing that included video nystagmography (VNG) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs). Imaging studies including routine brain and high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans and/or intracranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were available for the majority of injured workers.

Results

Among 4291 head-injured workers with dizziness, 23 were diagnosed with features/findings denoting CVD. Complaints of imbalance were significantly more common in those with CVD compared to vertigo and headache in those with peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Atypical positional nystagmus, oculomotor abnormalities and facial paralysis were more common in those with CVD.

Conclusion

Symptomatic post-traumatic central vestibular injury is uncommon. It occurred primarily following high-impact trauma and was reflective for a more severe head injury where shearing effects on the brain often resulted in diffuse axonal injury. Complaints of persistent imbalance and ataxia were more common than complaints of vertigo. Eye movement abnormalities were highly indicative for central nervous system injury even in those with minimal change on CT/MRI.
Experimental Evidence That Demand Characteristics Do Not Play a Dominant Role in the Evaluative Conditioning Effect
Authors: Nudler Yahel , Zvi May , Levy Gal , Bar-Anan Yoav
Published: May 2024

The evaluative conditioning (EC) effect has been documented in many experiments: Participants typically prefer stimuli that co-occurred with positive stimuli over stimuli that co-occurred with negative stimuli. The present research attempted to test whether demand characteristics are a dominant cause of the EC effect. In three experiments, we informed participants of the research hypothesis, sometimes indicating an expectation of a contrast effect, rather than an assimilative effect. That manipulation hardly moderated the EC effect. The manipulation influenced participants’ beliefs regarding the research hypothesis, although participants generally believed that an assimilative effect is a more plausible research hypothesis than a contrast effect. Even participants who believed that the researchers expected a contrast effect or assumed that stimulus co-occurrence typically causes a contrast effect still showed an assimilative effect. The results suggest that although demand characteristics might influence the EC effect, the overall influence of that factor is minor.
The experience of occupational therapists and physiotherapists using a prototype, evidence-informed online knowledge translation resource to learn about patient-defined, personally-meaningful chronic pain rehabilitation
Authors: Liddiard Katrina J , Raynor Annette J , Brown Cary A
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Chronic pain is a complex biopsychosocial experience, and rehabilitation helps people to manage pain, and restore valued life roles. Evidence suggests that more positive outcomes occur when clients perceive their rehabilitation to be meaningful. People with chronic pain describe rehabilitation as personally-meaningful when they develop a genuine connection with a credible therapist who they see as a guiding partner, and when rehabilitation holds personal value, is self-defined, and relevant to their sense of self-identity. This paper presents a qualitative study of therapists’ experience using an e-learning package on patient-defined, personally-meaningful rehabilitation.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore rehabilitation therapists’ experience of a prototype evidence-informed, online resource developed on the basis of eLearning and web-design principles. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of occupational therapists and physiotherapists, and inductive coding and thematic analysis of transcripts was completed.

Findings

Twenty-four therapists (12 occupational therapists, 12 physiotherapists) participated, representing a mix of gender and experience (early career; experienced; and specialist). Four themes and 12 sub-themes emerged from the analysis. The resource delivered a positive user experience, which added (translational) value to enhance learning, and participants were highly positive about the future potential of the resource to translate chronic pain rehabilitation research for early career, experienced, and specialist rehabilitation therapists.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the disparate learning needs of rehabilitation therapists from diverse professional backgrounds and experience, may be addressed through the one resource. Participant feedback provides evidence that the resource fits with current models of learning and behaviour change. This study demonstrates the importance of basing online resources on eLearning and web-design principles to translate complex biopsychosocial chronic pain rehabilitation research for rehabilitation therapists.
Diagnostic challenge: Secondary omental torsion misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis—A case report
Authors: Maqbool Nargis , Shafiq Khalid , Ali Syed. Abid , Saeed Nida
Published: May 2024

This case presents a diagnostic challenge in a 28-year-old male initially evaluated for severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation, leading to the presumption of post-appendectomy complications. Clinical examination revealed abdominal distension, tenderness, and signs of peritonism, along with a reducible inguinal hernia. On subsequent CT scan, a large, inflamed area of omentum localized to the right abdomen extending up to the defect in the inguinal region with mild ascites was revealed. Upon exploration, it was discovered that the patient’s initial surgery had focused solely on an appendix deemed mildly inflamed by the operating surgeon, while a concurrent diagnosis of secondary omental torsion was missed. This oversight underscores the challenges in diagnosing abdominal pathologies, with the initial misdiagnosis leading to ongoing patient distress. Meticulous adhesiolysis and omentectomy were performed, resulting in the resolution of the patient’s symptoms.
Disparities in Health Insurance Among Middle Eastern and North African American Children in the US
Authors: Dallo Florence J. , Brown Kyrah K. , Obembe Adebola , Kindratt Tiffany
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To estimate and compare the proportion of foreign-born Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) children without health insurance, public, or private insurance to foreign- and US-born White and US-born MENA children.

Methods:

Using 2000 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey data (N = 311 961 children) and 2015 to 2019 American Community Survey data (n = 1 892 255 children), we ran multivariable logistic regression to test the association between region of birth among non-Hispanic White children (independent variable) and health insurance coverage types (dependent variables).

Results:

In the NHIS and ACS, foreign-born MENA children had higher odds of being uninsured (NHIS OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.10-2.05; ACS OR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.88-2.37) compared to US-born White children. In the ACS, foreign-born MENA children had 2.11 times higher odds (95%CI = 1.83-2.45) of being uninsured compared to US-born MENA children.

Conclusion:

Our findings have implications for the health status of foreign-born MENA children, who are currently more likely to be uninsured. Strategies such as interventions to increase health insurance enrollment, updating enrollment forms to capture race, ethnicity, and nativity can aid in identifying and monitoring key disparities among MENA children.
The Influence of Parents’ Social Origin on Occupational Achievements of University Graduates: An Analysis of Education–Job Match
Authors: Rodriguez-Esteban Agustin , Vidal Javier , Vieira Maria-Jose
Published: May 2024

Education–job mismatch is an indicator that describes the quality of an individual’s occupational achievements, with socio-familial background being one of the most influential factors in attaining these achievements. In this study, we aim to identify the extent to which the educational level attained by parents influences the education–job mismatch of university graduates. The analysis, deploying binary logistic regression models, is based on the Spanish Survey on the Labor Insertion of University Graduates 2019, with more than 30,000 cases. Main results are that parents’ educational level largely determines the education–job mismatch of university graduates, acting through the intergenerational transmission of opportunities. In this sense, variables such as the field of study or those related to educational investment while at university are highly influential. When we analyze the persistence of mismatch, the influence of these variables is more decisive, so it is considered that there is an indirect influence of social background on occupational attainment through the variables linked to it. Recommendations are made for educational administrations that should favor equal opportunity measures and enhance the effectiveness of educational guidance services.
SME Preparedness in Surviving the Health Pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Poh Ling Tan , Hassim Nurzihan , Mohammad Bashir Nur Nadira Binti
Published: May 2024

Even in its cessation, the COVID-19 pandemic sustains its profound impact on human lives and on each sector of the global economy. Without exception, the dire consequences of curbing the spread of the virus’ effects by restricting mobility and travel at its earliest inception had taken a toll on the tourism industry. In contrast to previous global health crises, the COVID-19 effect is the worst and most prolonged, where the livelihoods of many locals and local businesses struggle to rebuild after restrictions were lifted in the last few years, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study looks into the challenges faced by SMEs within the tourism industry and their preparedness for developing and deploying a crisis management strategy during the pandemic. Qualitative data gathered through in-depth interviews with SMEs from the tourism sector were analysed, and the results suggest that a number of factors, as well as how they relate to one another in various crises, would need to be addressed in order to develop a crisis management strategy in an organization.
Japanese National Basketball Association Fans and Social Media Acceptance: Exploring the Role of Brand Respect
Authors: Hahm Jeongbeom , Yamashita Rei
Published: May 2024

This study explores the factors influencing satellite sport fans’ social media engagement, focusing on Japanese National Basketball Association (NBA) fans. Using the technology acceptance model and Brand Respect Scale, we analyzed the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived trustworthiness on social media stickiness and investigated the mediating roles of brand trust, brand performance, brand acceptance, and brand reputation. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis of data from 813 Japanese NBA fans revealed that perceived usefulness and enjoyment significantly affected social media stickiness, while perceived trustworthiness indirectly influenced this stickiness through brand trust and acceptance. The study advances the theoretical understanding of social media behavior among satellite sport fans and provides practical implications for optimizing social media strategies to enhance fan engagement. Our findings offer valuable insights for sport teams and organizations seeking to strengthen their connection with geographically distant fans. In addition, this research paves the way for future studies to encompass diverse age groups, sports, and regions to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing satellite sport fans’ social media engagement.
Clinician Perceptions on Using Decision Tools to Support Prediction-Based Shared Decision Making for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Skurla Sarah E. , Leishman N. Joseph , Fagerlin Angela , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Lowery Julie , Caverly Tanner J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Considering a patient’s full risk factor profile can promote personalized shared decision making (SDM). One way to accomplish this is through encounter tools that incorporate prediction models, but little is known about clinicians’ perceptions of the feasibility of using these tools in practice. We examined how clinicians react to using one such encounter tool for personalizing SDM about lung cancer screening (LCS).

Design

We conducted a qualitative study based on field notes from academic detailing visits during a multisite quality improvement program. The detailer engaged one-on-one with 96 primary care clinicians across multiple Veterans Affairs sites (7 medical centers and 6 outlying clinics) to get feedback on 1) the rationale for prediction-based LCS and 2) how to use the DecisionPrecision (DP) encounter tool with eligible patients to personalize LCS discussions.

Results

Thematic content analysis from detailing visit data identified 6 categories of clinician willingness to use the DP tool to personalize SDM for LCS (adoption potential), varying from “Enthusiastic Potential Adopter” ( n = 18) to “Definite Non-Adopter” ( n = 16). Many clinicians ( n = 52) articulated how they found the concept of prediction-based SDM highly appealing. However, to varying degrees, nearly all clinicians identified challenges to incorporating such an approach in routine practice.

Limitations

The results are based on the clinician’s initial reactions rather than longitudinal experience.

Conclusions

While many primary care clinicians saw real value in using prediction to personalize LCS decisions, more support is needed to overcome barriers to using encounter tools in practice. Based on these findings, we propose several strategies that may facilitate the adoption of prediction-based SDM in contexts such as LCS.

Highlights

Encounter tools that incorporate prediction models promote personalized shared decision making (SDM), but little is known about clinicians’ perceptions of the feasibility of using these tools in practice. We examined how clinicians react to using one such encounter tool for personalizing SDM about lung cancer screening (LCS). While many clinicians found the concept of prediction-based SDM highly appealing, nearly all clinicians identified challenges to incorporating such an approach in routine practice. We propose several strategies to overcome adoption barriers and facilitate the use of prediction-based SDM in contexts such as LCS.
A study on the mechanism of Beclin-1 m6A modification mediated by catalpol in protection against neuronal injury and autophagy following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Liu Kan , Yao Xinyan , Gao Jun , Wang Jinxi , Qi Jing
Published: May 2024

Objective

Catalpol (CAT) has various pharmacological activities and plays a protective role in cerebral ischemia. It has been reported that CAT played a protective role in cerebral ischemia by upregulaing NRF1 expression. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that NRF1 can be used as a transcription factor to bind to the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A. However, the role of KAT2A in cerebral ischemia remains to be studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of CAT in cerebral ischemia and its related mechanism.

Methods

In vitro, a cell model of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was constructed, followed by evaluation of neuronal injury and the expression of METTL3, Beclin-1, NRF1, and KAT2A. In vivo, a MCAO rat model was prepared by means of focal cerebral ischemia, followed by assessment of neurological deficit and brain injury in MCAO rats. Neuronal autophagy was evaluated by observation of autophagosomes in neurons or brain tissues by TEM and detection of the expression of LC3 and p62.

Results

In vivo, CAT reduced the neurological function deficit and infarct volume, inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, and significantly improved neuronal injury and excessive autophagy in MCAO rats. In vitro, CAT restored OGD/R-inhibited cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, LDH release, and neuronal autophagy. Mechanistically, CAT upregulated NRF1, NRF1 activated METTL3 via KAT2A transcription, and METTL3 inhibited Beclin-1 via m6A modification.

Conclusion

CAT activated the NRF1/KAT2A/METTL3 axis and downregulated Beclin-1 expression, thus relieving neuronal injury and excessive autophagy after cerebral ischemia.
BRD4 promotes gouty arthritis through MDM2-mediated PPARγ degradation and pyroptosis
Authors: Xu Xiaoxia , Qiu Hongbin
Published: May 2024

Background

Gouty arthritis (GA) is characterized by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal accumulation that instigates NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The present research endeavors to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underpinning this MSU-induced pyroptotic cascade in GA.

Methods

J774 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide and MSU crystals to establish in vitro GA models, whereas C57BL/6 J male mice received MSU crystal injections to mimic in vivo GA conditions. Gene and protein expression levels were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical assays. Inflammatory markers were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pyroptosis was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining for caspase-1 and flow cytometry with caspase-1/propidium iodide staining. The interaction between MDM2 and PPARγ was analyzed through co-immunoprecipitation assays, whereas the interaction between BRD4 and the MDM2 promoter was examined using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Mouse joint tissues were histopathologically evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

In GA, PPARγ was downregulated, whereas its overexpression mitigated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. MDM2, which was upregulated in GA, destabilized PPARγ through the ubiquitin–proteasome degradation pathway, whereas its silencing attenuated NLRP3 activation by elevating PPARγ levels. Concurrently, BRD4 was elevated in GA and exacerbated NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis by transcriptionally upregulating MDM2, thereby promoting PPARγ degradation. In vivo experiments showed that BRD4 silencing ameliorated GA through this MDM2–PPARγ–pyroptosis axis.

Conclusion

BRD4 promotes inflammation and pyroptosis in GA through MDM2-mediated PPARγ degradation, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in GA management.
Metabolic equivalents intensity thresholds for physical activity classification in older adults
Authors: Leal-Martín Javier , Muñoz-Muñoz Miguel , Sierra-Ramón Miguel , Cerezo-Arroyo Mónica , Gómez-Redondo Paola , Alegre Luis M. , Ara Ignacio , García-García Francisco José , Mañas Asier
Published: May 2024

Background

Although the metabolic equivalents (METs) system is a common procedure to quantify the intensity of physical activity in older adults, it remains unclear whether the conventional METs intensity thresholds (CTs) used for this purpose are appropriate in this population. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to derive overall and fitness-specific METs intensity thresholds in older adults ≥ 60 years old (OATs) expressed both in standard METs (VO2/3.5 mL O2·kg−1·min−1) and older adults METs60+ (VO2/2.7 mL O2·kg−1·min−1), and (ii) to compare them with the CTs.

Methods

A total of 93 subjects were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness. Graded exercise test protocols using indirect calorimetry were performed to calculate individual VO2max and categorize subjects as "very poor/fair" or "good/superior" fitness. Overall and fitness-specific OATs expressed in standard METs (OATsstandard) and METs60+ (OATs60+) were derived based on the %VO2max and the ventilatory thresholds (VTs) physical intensity categories.

Results

Significantly higher VO2max, VO2 at VT1 and VO2 at VT2 (p < 0.001) were obtained in the "good/superior" subgroup compared to the "very poor/fair" fitness subgroup. Accordingly, OATs were approximately 69% higher in individuals with a "good/superior" fitness compared to those with a "very poor/fair" fitness. Furthermore, this study showed that OATsstandard were approximately 21–24% lower than OATs60+, and 10–22% higher OATs were observed when following the VTs intensity categories (heavy-intensity physical activity [HPA] and severe-intensity physical activity [SPA]) compared to the %VO2max categories (moderate-intensity physical activity [MPA] and vigorous-intensity physical activity [VPA]). When compared with the CTs, similar or higher OATsstandard and OATs60+ for MPA, and HPA were obtained compared to the conventional MPA threshold (3.0 METs). Conversely, for VPA and SPA, lower, similar, or higher OATs were obtained depending on the METs derivation approach (OATsstandard or OATs60+) or the intensity categories (VO2max or VTs), compared to the conventional VPA threshold (6.0 METs).

Conclusions

None of the derived OATs were concurrently similar to the CTs, suggesting that fitness-specific METs intensity thresholds adapted to the METs derivation approach should be used in older adults.

Trial registration

FenotipAGING (Non-health-care intervention study), PRO-Training (NCT05619250).
Multiscale modelling of transport in polymer-based reverse-osmosis/nanofiltration membranes: present and future
Authors: Zhu Haochen , Szymczyk Anthony , Ghoufi Aziz
Published: May 2024

Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes are physical separation technologies used to remove contaminants from liquid streams by employing dense polymer-based membranes with nanometric voids that confine fluids at the nanoscale. At this level, physical properties such as solvent and solute permeabilities are intricately linked to molecular interactions. Initially, numerous studies focused on developing macroscopic transport models to gain insights into separation properties at the nanometer scale. However, continuum-based models have limitations in nanoconfined situations that can be overcome by force field molecular simulations. Continuum-based models heavily rely on bulk properties, often neglecting critical factors like liquid structuring, pore geometry, and molecular/chemical specifics. Molecular/mesoscale simulations, while encompassing these details, often face limitations in time and spatial scales. Therefore, achieving a comprehensive understanding of transport requires a synergistic integration of both approaches through a multiscale approach that effectively combines and merges both scales. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in multiscale modeling of transport through NF/RO membranes, spanning from the nanoscale to continuum media.
Factors and clinical prediction score for complication development after cellulitis diagnosis in adult patients
Authors: Tienpratarn Welawat , Yuksen Chaiyaporn , Pauly Joseph Daniel , Vu Diana , Benbourenane Anisa Noiwong , Sangskul Nuttamon
Published: May 2024

Background

Cellulitis is defined as a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that can cause multiple complications, such as sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. In extreme cases, it may lead to multiorgan failure and death. We sought to analyze the clinical factors that contribute to the development of complicated disease, including demographics, clinical presentation, initial vital signs, and laboratory studies.

Methods

Our study is a retrospective cohort study carried out in a university-based tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Adult patients who presented with cellulitis from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, were evaluated for eligibility and inclusion in this study. All related variables for both outcomes, bacteremia and necrotizing fasciitis, were gathered from electronic medical records and analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 1,560 visits to this hospital, 47 cases reported at least one complication, with bacteremia noted in 27 visits (1.73%) and necrotizing fasciitis in 20 visits (1.27%). From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, six variables emerge as predictors of cellulitis complications. These are: Age ≥ 65 years, Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 38 °C, systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg, and involvement of lower extremities. The predictive score was developed from these factors and was named the Ramathibodi Necrotizing Fasciitis/Bacteremia (RAMA-NFB) Prediction Score. Our predictive score has an accuracy of 82.93% (95% CI, 0.77–0.89). Patients in the high-risk group (RAMA NFB score > 6) have a likelihood ratio of 8.75 (95% CI, 4.41–18.12; p < 0.001) times to develop complications of cellulitis.

Conclusion

In our study, the RAMA-NFB Prediction Score predicts complications of necrotizing fasciitis and bacteremia in adult patients who present with cellulitis. External validation of this predictive score is still needed for further practical application.
Emergency medicine residents and performance under pressure: learning from elite athletes’ experience
Authors: Trepanier Gabrielle , Falardeau Viviane , Sohi Gurpreet , Richard Veronique
Published: May 2024

Objective

The skills of coping with stress and pressure within emergency medicine are conveyed informally and inconsistently throughout residency training. This study aims to identify key psychological competencies used by elite athletes in high-pressure situations, which can be integrated into a formal curriculum to support emergency medicine residents’ performance in high acuity settings.

Design

We conducted a scoping review spanning 20 years to identify the relevant psychological competencies used by elite athletes (Olympic or World level) to perform under pressure. We used controlled vocabulary to search within Medline, PsycInfo and SportDiscuss databases. A standardized charting method was used by the team of four authors to extract relevant data.

Results

The scoping review identified 18 relevant articles, including 707 athletes from 49 different sports and 11 countries, 64 data items were extracted, and 6 main themes were identified. The main psychological competencies included the ability to sustain a high degree of motivation and confidence, to successfully regulate thoughts, emotions and arousal levels, and to maintain resilience in the face of adversity.

Conclusion

We used the main psychological competencies identified from our scoping review to develop a hypothesis generated framework to guide the integration of performance psychology principles into future emergency medicine residency programs.
Grouping strategies for assessing and managing persistent and mobile substances
Authors: Chirsir Parviel , Palm Emma H. , Baskaran Sivani , Schymanski Emma L. , Wang Zhanyun , Wolf Raoul , Hale Sarah E. , Arp Hans Peter H.
Published: May 2024

Background

Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT), or very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances are a wide class of chemicals that are recalcitrant to degradation, easily transported, and potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Due to their persistence and mobility, these substances are often widespread in the environment once emitted, particularly in water resources, causing increased challenges during water treatment processes. Some PMT/vPvM substances such as GenX and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid have been identified as substances of very high concern (SVHCs) under the European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. With hundreds to thousands of potential PMT/vPvM substances yet to be assessed and managed, effective and efficient approaches that avoid a case-by-case assessment and prevent regrettable substitution are necessary to achieve the European Union's zero-pollution goal for a non-toxic environment by 2050.

Main

Substance grouping has helped global regulation of some highly hazardous chemicals, e.g., through the Montreal Protocol and the Stockholm Convention. This article explores the potential of grouping strategies for identifying, assessing and managing PMT/vPvM substances. The aim is to facilitate early identification of lesser-known or new substances that potentially meet PMT/vPvM criteria, prompt additional testing, avoid regrettable use or substitution, and integrate into existing risk management strategies. Thus, this article provides an overview of PMT/vPvM substances and reviews the definition of PMT/vPvM criteria and various lists of PMT/vPvM substances available. It covers the current definition of groups, compares the use of substance grouping for hazard assessment and regulation, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of grouping substances for regulation. The article then explores strategies for grouping PMT/vPvM substances, including read-across, structural similarity and commonly retained moieties, as well as the potential application of these strategies using cheminformatics to predict P, M and T properties for selected examples.

Conclusions

Effective substance grouping can accelerate the assessment and management of PMT/vPvM substances, especially for substances that lack information. Advances to read-across methods and cheminformatics tools are needed to support efficient and effective chemical management, preventing broad entry of hazardous chemicals into the global market and favouring safer and more sustainable alternatives.
MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics
Authors: Menjivar Nico G. , Oropallo Jaiden , Gebremedhn Samuel , Souza Luca A. , Gad Ahmed , Puttlitz Christian M. , Tesfaye Dawit
Published: May 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted ‘treatment’ or ‘therapy’. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
Protein expression patterns and metal metabolites in a protogynous hermaphrodite fish, the ricefield eel (Monopterus albus)
Authors: He Zhi , Xiao Feng , Yang Deying , Deng Faqiang , Ding Wenxiang , He Zhide , Wang Siqi , Chen Qiqi , Wang Haochen , Chen Mingqiang , Gao Kuo , Xiong Jinxing , Tang Ziting , Zhang Mingwang , Yan Taiming
Published: May 2024

Background

The ricefield eel Monopterus albus undergoes a natural sex change from female to male during its life cycle, and previous studies have shown the potential mechanisms of this transition at the transcriptional and protein levels. However, the changes in protein levels have not been fully explored, especially in the intersexual stage.

Results

In the present study, the protein expression patterns in the gonadal tissues from five different periods, the ovary (OV), early intersexual stage gonad (IE), middle intersexual stage gonad (IM), late intersexual stage gonad (IL), and testis (TE), were determined by untargeted proteomics sequencing. A total of 5125 proteins and 394 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in the gonadal tissues. Of the 394 DEPs, there were 136 between the OV and IE groups, 20 between the IM and IE groups, 179 between the IL and IM groups, and 59 between the TE and IL groups. Three candidate proteins, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 isoform X1 (Igf2bp3), triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi), and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase isoform X1 [(Cu-Zn) Sod1], were validated by western blotting to verify the reliability of the data. Furthermore, metal metabolite-related proteins were enriched in the IL vs. IM groups and TE vs. IL groups, which had close relationships with sex change, including Cu2+-, Ca2+-, Zn2+- and Fe2+/Fe3+-related proteins. Analysis of the combined transcriptome data revealed consistent protein/mRNA expression trends for two metal metabolite-related proteins/genes [LOC109953912 and calcium Binding Protein 39 Like (cab39l)]. Notably, we detected significantly higher levels of Cu2+ during the sex change process, suggesting that Cu2+ is a male-related metal metabolite that may have an important function in male reproductive development.

Conclusions

In summary, we analyzed the protein profiles of ricefield eel gonadal tissues in five sexual stages (OV, IE, IM, IL, and TE) and verified the plausibility of the data. After preforming the functional enrichment of metal metabolite-related DEPs, we detected the contents of the metal metabolites Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+/Fe3+ at these five stages and screened for (Cu-Zn) Sod1 and Mmp-9 as possible key proteins in the sex reversal process.
Integrated analysis of the DNA methylome and RNA transcriptome during the development of skeletal muscle in Duroc pigs
Authors: Li Shi-yin , Wang Yun-zhou , Chen Wei , Ma Li-xia , Zhang Jian-min , Zhang Yu-lun , Zeng Yong-qing
Published: May 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle development plays a crucial role in yield and quality of pork; however, this process is influenced by various factors. In this study, we employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and transcriptome sequencing to comprehensively investigate the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), aiming to identify key genes that impact the growth and development of Duroc pigs with different average daily gains (ADGs).

Results

Eight pigs were selected and divided into two groups based on ADGs: H (774.89 g) group and L (658.77 g) group. Each pair of the H and L groups were half-siblings. The results of methylation sequencing revealed 2631 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) involved in metabolic processes, signalling, insulin secretion, and other biological activities. Furthermore, a joint analysis was conducted on these DMGs and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from transcriptome sequencing of the same individual. This analysis identified 316 differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes (DMEGs), including 18 DMEGs in promoter regions and 294 DMEGs in gene body regions. Finally, LPAR1 and MEF2C were selected as candidate genes associated with muscle development. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) revealed that the promoter region of LPAR1 exhibited significantly lower methylation levels (P < 0.05) and greater expression levels (P < 0.05) in the H group than in the L group. Additionally, hypermethylation was observed in the gene body region of MEF2C, as was a low expression level, in the H group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the differences in the ADGs of Duroc pigs fed the same diet may be influenced by the methylation levels and expression levels of genes related to skeletal muscle development.
Apelin-13 modulates the endometrial transcriptome of the domestic pig during implantation
Authors: Dobrzyn Kamil , Kiezun Marta , Kopij Grzegorz , Zarzecka Barbara , Gudelska Marlena , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Zaobidna Ewa , Makowczenko Karol G. , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Kamiński Tadeusz , Smolińska Nina
Published: May 2024

Background

The peri-implantation period is a critical time during pregnancy that mostly defines the overall litter size. Most authors agree that the highest percentage of embryo mortality occurs during this time. Despite the brevity of the peri-implantation period, it is the most dynamic part of pregnancy in which the sequential and uninterrupted course of several processes is essential to the animal’s reproductive success. Also then, the maternal uterine tissues undergo an intensive remodelling process, and their energy demand dramatically increases. It is believed that apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is involved in the control of female reproductive functions in response to the current metabolic state. The verified herein hypothesis assumed the modulatory effect of apelin on the endometrial tissue transcriptome on days 15 to 16 of gestation (beginning of implantation).

Results

The analysis of data obtained during RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq2500) of endometrial slices treated and untreated with apelin (n = 4 per group) revealed changes in the expression of 68 genes (39 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated in the presence of apelin), assigned to 240 gene ontology terms. We also revealed changes in the frequency of alternative splicing events (397 cases), as well as single nucleotide variants (1,818 cases) in the presence of the adipokine. The identified genes were associated, among others, with the composition of the extracellular matrix, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.

Conclusions

The obtained results indicate a potential role of apelin in the regulation of uterine tissue remodelling during the peri-implantation period.
Central nervous system anomalies in 41 Chinese children incontinentia pigmenti
Authors: Yin Li , Li Zhengyuan , Zhan Wenjuan , Kang Yuanjie , Tian Qian , Li Dan , Zhang Huifang
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia caused by a defect in the IKBKG gene. The pathogenesis of central nervous system injury is believed to be related to microvascular ischemia. Currently, few treatment strategies are available for the inflammatory phase.

Materials and methods

This retrospective descriptive analysis included the clinical data of 41 children with IP collected from 2007 to 2021 in Xi’an, China, comprising clinical characteristics, imaging findings, blood cell analysis, skin histopathology, and genetic data.

Results

Fourteen children (34%) aged 4 days to 5 months exhibited clinical signs and symptoms, including convulsions, delayed psychomotor development following neurological damage, and revealed significant MRI abnormalities, including ischemia, hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, hemorrhage, encephalomalacia, and cerebral atrophy. Eight of the 24 patients (33%) presented with retinal vascular tortuosity and telangiectasis, accompanied by neovascularization and hemorrhage. Thirty-eight children (93%) had elevated eosinophils (mean: 3.63 ± 4.46 × 109), and 28 children (68%) had significantly elevated platelets (mean: 420.16 ± 179.43 × 109). Histopathology of skin revealed microvascular extravasation and vasodilation with perivascular and intravascular eosinophilic infiltration.

Conclusion

Brain injury in IP occurs during infancy until 5 months of age, which is also the acute dermatitis phase accompanied by eosinophilia and an increased platelet count. This study provides evidence of microvascular damage to the skin and fundus during the inflammatory phase. The mechanism of microvascular damage may be similar to that in the brain.
Genome-wide characterization of LEA gene family reveals a positive role of BnaA.LEA6.a in freezing tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Wang Weiping , Liu Yan , Kang Yu , Liu Wei , Li Shun , Wang Zhonghua , Xia Xiaoyan , Chen Xiaoyu , Qian Lunwen , Xiong Xinghua , Liu Zhongsong , Guan Chunyun , He Xin
Published: May 2024

Background

Freezing stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that causes extensive damage to plants. LEA (Late embryogenesis abundant) proteins play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress. However, there is limited research on the function of LEA genes in low-temperature stress in Brassica napus (rapeseed).

Results

Total 306 potential LEA genes were identified in B. rapa (79), B. oleracea (79) and B. napus (148) and divided into eight subgroups. LEA genes of the same subgroup had similar gene structures and predicted subcellular locations. Cis-regulatory elements analysis showed that the promoters of BnaLEA genes rich in cis-regulatory elements related to various abiotic stresses. Additionally, RNA-seq and real-time PCR results indicated that the majority of BnaLEA family members were highly expressed in senescent tissues of rapeseed, especially during late stages of seed maturation, and most BnaLEA genes can be induced by salt and osmotic stress. Interestingly, the BnaA.LEA6.a and BnaC.LEA6.a genes were highly expressed across different vegetative and reproductive organs during different development stages, and showed strong responses to salt, osmotic, and cold stress, particularly freezing stress. Further analysis showed that overexpression of BnaA.LEA6.a increased the freezing tolerance in rapeseed, as evidenced by lower relative electrical leakage and higher survival rates compared to the wild-type (WT) under freezing treatment.

Conclusion

This study is of great significance for understanding the functions of BnaLEA genes in freezing tolerance in rapeseed and offers an ideal candidate gene (BnaA.LEA6.a) for molecular breeding of freezing-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.