bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological burden, anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with hand eczema: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siewertsen Mie , Näslund‐Koch Charlotte , Duus Johansen Jeanne , Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Nguyen Thi Thao , Zachariae Claus , Skov Lone , Loft Nikolai
Published: May 2024

Background

Living with hand eczema (HE) has been associated with impaired quality of life (QoL), having anxiety and depression but the magnitude of association is not clear.

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the psychological burden in terms of anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with HE.

Methods

Several databases were systematically searched. Weighted means with standard deviation (SD) were calculated for disease severity, QoL, depression and/or anxiety scores among patients with HE. For studies presenting QoL, depression and/or anxiety scores in patients with HE and in controls the weighted means were compared with an unpaired t‐test. In studies reporting Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the correlation between HECSI and DLQI was estimated using Spearman's rank correlation (rs).

Results

In total, 81 studies encompassing 17,835 patients with HE and 31,541 controls were included. The weighted mean DLQI was 10.66 (SD 8.93) corresponding to a moderate‐to‐large effect on QoL and a strong correlation (rs: 0.76, 95% CI:0.56–0.87) between DLQI and HECSI was observed. The mean EQ‐5D‐VAS was significantly lower in patients with HE compared with controls (68.03 (SD 10.52) vs. 80.63 (SD 1.17), p < 0.00001). Patients with HE had higher mean HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) anxiety score (7.4 vs. 5.8, p = 0.0008) than controls but not higher HADS depression score (6.5 vs. 5.7, p = 0.32). Only one study assessed risk of anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation showing an increased odds of all diseases among patients with HE compared with controls.

Conclusions

Hand eczema has a moderate‐to‐severe impact on quality of life with a strong correlation between disease severity and impact on quality of life. Patients with hand eczema have an impact on QoL comparable to other chronic diseases when measured with generic QoL scoring systems.
Information campaigns and ecolabels by environmental NGOs: Effective strategies to eliminate environmentally harmful components?
Authors: Brécard Dorothée , Chiroleu‐Assouline Mireille
Published: May 2024

Environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly using strategies to encourage firms to eliminate product components (e.g., palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (e.g., rainforests) or to replace them with NGO‐certified sustainable components. Under what conditions do NGOs' information and ecolabeling strategies succeed in eliminating certain harmful components when these components contribute to the intrinsic quality of a product? The paper addresses these questions using a model of two‐dimensional vertical product differentiation in a market with consumers either informed or uninformed about the environmental quality of products and two firms that initially offer a product with the harmful component and a harmful component‐free product. We show that the information campaign plays a crucial and effective role in improving environmental quality, although the optimal share of informed consumers for the NGO is large but not always 100%. Ecolabeling cannot replace the information campaign. It is only a complementary tool to an intensive information campaign. Used together, they can succeed in triggering the substitution of the certified sustainable component for the harmful one.
Social Media Emotions and IPO Returns
Authors: VAMOSSY DOMONKOS F.
Published: May 2024

I explore how investor emotions on StockTwits and Twitter affect initial public offering (IPO) returns. High pre‐IPO enthusiasm is linked to greater initial returns but eventual long‐term underperformance. IPOs with strong early excitement average a 29.73% initial return, but suffer a −8.22% long‐term industry‐adjusted return, showing a gap between early optimism and later results. Analysis of investor communication reveals that financial language and existing information influence these outcomes. There is a growing caution among frequent IPO investors, likely due to past experiences. Despite this, firms with initial high optimism continue to attract postlaunch interest, contradicting their long‐term underperformance.
Heat‐treated Limosilactobacillus fermentumLM1020 with menthol, salicylic acid, and panthenol promotes hair growth and regulates hair scalp microbiome balance in androgenetic alopecia: A double‐blind, randomized and placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bae Won‐Young , Jung Woo‐Hyun , Shin So Lim , Kim Tae‐Rahk , Sohn Minn , Suk Jangmi , Jung Inhee , Lee Young In , Lee Ju Hee
Published: May 2024

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common and chronic problem characterized by hair follicle miniaturization.

Aims

In this study, heat‐treated Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 (HT‐LM1020) was investigated in human follicle dermal papilla cell (HFDPC), scalp tissue, and clinical trials for patients with AGA.

Patients/Methods

Cell proliferation and the expression of cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) were measured in HFDPC. The relative gene expression of 5α‐reductase and growth factors were investigated in hair scalp. This double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted over 24 weeks. Primary efficacy was evaluated by measuring hair density, and secondary efficacy was assessed by experts and self‐assessment. Changes in the microbiota of the hair scalps were analyzed using 16S metagenome amplicon sequencing.

Results

HT‐LM1020 promoted cell growth (p < 0.001) and cyclin B1 expression, and it reduced 5α‐reductase and induced fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), FGF10, and epithelial growth factor7 (EGF7) (p < 0.001). In the clinical trial, the experimental group demonstrated an increase in hair density from 133.70 to 148.87 n/cm2 at Week 24 (p < 0.001), while also expressing satisfaction with their hair density, reduced hair loss, and hairline. At Week 24, the total ratio of lactic acid bacteria operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the scalp increased from 6.65% to 26.19%. At the same period, placebo‐controlled group decreased Staphylococcus caprae OTU from 77.95% to 14.57% while experimental group decreased from 65.80% to 41.02%.

Conclusions

These present results showed that HT‐LM1020 was a co‐effector of ingredients for anti‐hair loss contributing to cell proliferation and the expression of CDKs.
Motivating People to Work: The Value Behind Diverse Assumptions
Authors: Leroy Hannes
Published: May 2024

Agency theory and self‐determination theory have contrasting assumptions about what motivates human beings and, accordingly, suggest differing methods of motivating others – from extrinsic rewards aimed at controlling agency to facilitating human agentic behaviour. These different assumptions are consequential – organizations and societies would look wildly different with the adoption of the one or other perspectives, with important implications for human welfare and wellbeing. The introduction to this Point and Counterpoint (PCP) calls on prominent scholars in both perspectives to clarify as well as question their assumptions about human motivation. An invitation to take a step back and clarify one's beliefs with precision, elucidating both the ideas and the data they are based on. At the same time, this PCP constitutes an invitation to explore how one's own personal preferences or values might be guiding their own (selection of) research and argumentation. We hope such internal reflection and external dialogue moves the conversation from us‐versus‐them to shared passion, from contradictory to paradoxical, and from stalemates to practical solutions that are sufficiently integrative to address today's complex societal challenges.
Fracture resistance of cement‐retained lithium disilicate implant‐supported crowns: Effect of material used for two‐piece abutments
Authors: Kaenploy Jekita , Li Rui , Makowka Steven , Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study compared the fracture strength of single lithium disilicate implant‐supported crowns fabricated on two‐piece abutments with various materials: ceramic‐reinforced PEEK, zirconia, and lithium disilicate.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐six implants were embedded in acrylic cylinders. A two‐piece abutment and a crown were designed following a pre‐operation scan for a maxillary left central incisor. The designed crown was used to fabricate 36 lithium disilicate crowns. The designed abutment was used to manufacture 36 abutments from 3 materials, 12 each: (A) zirconia; (B) lithium disilicate; and (C) ceramic‐reinforced PEEK. Abutments were surface treated and bonded on the titanium base abutments with resin cement. Then, lithium disilicate crowns were bonded on the assigned abutments. Specimens were then subjected to dynamic loading for 1,200,000 cycles. The fracture strength (N) of the assembly was assessed using a universal testing machine. One‐way ANOVA followed by multiple comparison tests was used to evaluate the effect of abutment material on the fracture strength of single implant‐supported restorations at a significance of .05.

Results

The average fracture strength for the groups with zirconia, PEEK, and lithium disilicate two‐piece abutments were 1362N ± 218N, 1235N ± 115N, and 1472N ± 171N, respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in fracture strength among the groups. The lithium disilicate group had significantly higher fracture strength (p = 0.0058) than the group with PEEK; however, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the other groups.

Conclusions

Two‐piece abutments restored with lithium disilicate crowns investigated in the study have the potential to withstand the average physiological occlusal forces in the anterior region.
Barriers and facilitators to vascular access point‐of‐care ultrasound in haemodialysis: An international survey of haemodialysis clinicians
Authors: Schoch Monica , Fielding Catherine , Marticorena Rosa M. , Smith George E. , Sinclair Peter M. , Iglesias Ruben , Bennett Paul N.
Published: May 2024

Background

Utilising point‐of‐care ultrasound for assessment and cannulation of vascular access in people receiving haemodialysis has shown positive clinical results. Nonetheless, there is variation in how renal health care professionals worldwide embrace this method, and there's a lack of research on the factors that promote or hinder its adoption.

Objectives

To explore regional differences, and barriers and facilitators, to the use of point‐of‐care ultrasound for assessment and cannulation of vascular access in haemodialysis.

Design

Exploratory descriptive cross‐sectional web‐based survey.

Participants

Healthcare clinicians working in haemodialysis responsible for cannulation of arteriovenous fistula or grafts.

Results

The survey was completed by 645 health care clinicians from 38 countries. 75% to 93% of respondents from Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Europe and United Kingdom/Ireland reported access to ultrasound, compared to 26% (n = 43/167) from the United States. United States respondent's reported lower levels of ultrasound training than other regions. Facilitators for using ultrasound were: the availability of ultrasound training (87%, n = 558), to reduce miscannulations (76%, n = 255/336) and to improve patient outcomes (73%, n = 246/336). Point‐of‐care ultrasound barriers were lack of access to ultrasound education (82%, n = 196/239), lack of ultrasound machines (33%, n = 212/645) or believing that ultrasound was someone else's role (38%, n = 29/86).

Conclusions

This study revealed national and regional differences related to haemodialysis point‐of‐care ultrasound. Understanding the regions requiring more education and implementation of ultrasound and what motivates staff, or deters from using ultrasound, is crucial for effectiveness of future implementation and workplace change initiatives.
Dynamic sensory evaluation of selected sensory attributes and food‐related emotions during consumption of plant‐based milk alternatives applying temporal dominance of sensations and temporal dominance of emotions methods
Authors: Gaider M. , Majchrzak D.
Published: May 2024

Despite milk's rich nutrient profile, a growing number of consumers are opting for plant‐based beverages due to health, ethical, and ecological concerns. However, knowledge about the temporal aspects of sensory attributes and consumption‐evoked emotions in these milk alternatives remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the temporal characteristics of oat, almond, and soy drinks in comparison to conventional cow's milk from three Austrian brands. Employing temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and temporal dominance of emotions (TDE) methods, 43 consumers assessed the dominance of selected sensory attributes and product evoked emotions over an evaluation period of 60 s for each test sample. The results reveal distinct patterns in sensory profiles and emotions associated with plant drinks, contributing to a better understanding of dynamic sensory perception in the evolving landscape of milk alternatives.

Practical applications

The presented study offers valuable insights into the temporal sensory characteristics and emotional sensations associated with oat, almond, and soy drinks compared to traditional cow's milk. Utilizing the temporal dominance of sensations and temporal dominance of emotions methods, we identified distinct sensory patterns in milk alternatives and dominant product‐specific attributes and emotions. This research underscores the intricate interplay between sensory characteristics and consumption‐evoked emotions, which ultimately influence product acceptability. As the global shift towards plant‐based beverages gains momentum, future studies should delve into understanding evolving consumer preferences and exploring innovative formulations to enhance the sensory appeal of milk alternatives.
Differential expression of FSTL1 and its correlation with the pathological process of periodontitis
Authors: Jiang Wenxin , Yu Weijun , Hu Shucheng , Shi Yuanjie , Lin Lu , Yang Ruhan , Tang Jiaqi , Gu Yuting , Gong Yuhua , Jin Min , Lu Eryi
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aimed to elucidate the alterations in Follistatin‐like protein 1 (FSTL1) and its association with the pathological process of periodontitis.

Methods

This study included 48 patients with periodontitis and 42 healthy controls. The expression level of FSTL1 in the gingiva was determined by RT‐qPCR, validated using the dataset GSE16134, and subsequently examined by western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a single‐cell distribution of FSTL1, characteristic of angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration. The expression and distribution of FSTL1, vascular endothelial marker protein CD31 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), the indicator of neutrophil activity, were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A series of correlation analyses was performed to determine the associations between FSTL1 and clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), and their potential role in angiogenesis (CD31) and neutrophil infiltration (MPO).

Results

FSTL1 was significantly upregulated in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis compared to their healthy counterparts. In addition, FSTL1 was positively correlated with the clinical parameters PD (r = .5971, p = .0005) and CAL (r = .6078, p = .0004). Bioinformatic analysis and IHC indicated that high FSTL1 expression was significantly correlated with angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration in periodontitis. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that FSTL1 could serve as an independent indicator for evaluating the severity of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9011, p < .0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated FSTL1 upregulation in periodontitis and its potential contribution to the disease via angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration.
Differences in maternal subgingival microbiome between preterm and term births: The MOHEPI study
Authors: Park Jung Soo , Kim Eunha , Kwon Sun Jae , Heo Ju Sun , Ahn Ki Hoon
Published: May 2024

Aim

Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) in women; however, the causal relationship or the exact mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the oral microbiome features of mothers with full‐term birth (FTB) with those who had preterm delivery.

Methods

This study prospectively enrolled 60 women (30 mothers with PTB and 30 mothers with FTB), and subgingival plaque samples were collected and analysed by metagenomic 16S rDNA sequencing. Clinical measurements, including periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, modified gingival index (mGI) and plaque index, were performed to determine the periodontal state of the participants. Medical and obstetric data were collected as well.

Results

Among the periodontal measurements, mGI score, reflecting the level of gingival inflammation, exhibited a statistically significant association with PTB (adjusted odds ratio 2.705, 95% confidence interval 1.074–6.811, p = .035). When subgroup analysis was conducted based on mean mGI scores (mGI ≥ 2, high inflammation [HI] versus mGI < 2, low inflammation [LI]), microbiome analysis revealed clear distinctions in microbial compositions between PTB and FTB mothers in both the HI and LI groups. Especially in the HI group, alpha diversity exhibited a decreasing trend in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers. Beta diversity also revealed significant differences between the two groups. In Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis, certain anaerobic taxa, including the genera Spirochaetes, Treponema and Porphyromonas, were relatively abundant in the FTB/HI group, whereas the PTB/HI group showed a high abundance of the order Actinomycetales. Network analysis showed that the FTB/HI had relatively stronger connectivity in microbial composition than the PTB/HI group. Dysbiosis ratio of plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was significantly lower in PTB/HI group compared to FTB/HI group.

Conclusion

The compositions of maternal subgingival microbiomes differed between PTB and FTB mothers in both the high and low levels of gingival inflammation groups. In the presence of high level of gingival inflammation, dysbiosis in plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was decreased in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers.
Counter‐gradient variation in gene expression between fish populations facilitates colonization of low‐dissolved oxygen environments
Authors: Fox Janay A. , Hunt David A. G. A. , Hendry Andrew P. , Chapman Lauren J. , Barrett Rowan D. H.
Published: May 2024

The role of phenotypic plasticity during colonization remains unclear due to the shifting importance of plasticity across timescales. In the early stages of colonization, plasticity can facilitate persistence in a novel environment; but over evolutionary time, processes such as genetic assimilation may reduce variation in plastic traits such that species with a longer evolutionary history in an environment can show lower levels of plasticity than recent invaders. Therefore, comparing species in the early stages of colonization to long‐established species provides a powerful approach for uncovering the role of phenotypic plasticity during different stages of colonization. We compared gene expression between low‐dissolved oxygen (DO) and high‐DO populations of two cyprinid fish: Enteromius apleurogramma, a species that has undergone a recent range expansion, and E. neumayeri, a long‐established native species in the same region. We sampled tissue either immediately after capture from the field or after a 2‐week acclimation under high‐DO conditions, allowing us to test for both evolved and plastic differences in low‐DO vs high‐DO populations of each species. We found that most genes showing candidate‐evolved differences in gene expression did not overlap with those showing plastic differences in gene expression. However, in the genes that did overlap, there was counter‐gradient variation such that plastic and evolved gene expression responses were in opposite directions in both species. Additionally, E. apleurogramma had higher levels of plasticity and evolved divergence in gene expression between field populations. We suggest that the higher level of plasticity and counter‐gradient variation may have allowed rapid genetic adaptation in E. apleurogramma and facilitated colonization. This study shows how counter‐gradient variation may impact the colonization of divergent oxygen environments.
The F‐box protein OsFBX156 positively regulates rice defence against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae by mediating ubiquitination‐dependent degradation of OsHSP71.1
Authors: Zhao Yudan , Zhong Xionghui , Xu Guojuan , Zhu Xiaoying , Shi Yanlong , Liu Minghao , Wang Ruyi , Kang Houxiang , You Xiaoman , Ning Yuese , Wang Guo‐Liang , Wang Xuli
Published: May 2024

F‐box protein is a subunit of the SCF (SKP1‐CUL1‐F‐box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which plays a critical role in regulating different pathways in plant immunity. In this study, we identified the rice (Oryza sativa) F‐box protein OsFBX156, which targets the heat shock protein 70 (OsHSP71.1) to regulate resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of OsFBX156 or knockout of OsHSP71.1 in rice resulted in the elevation of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes and an induction burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after flg22 and chitin treatments, thereby enhancing resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, OsFBX156 can promote the degradation of OsHSP71.1 through the 26S proteasome pathway. This study sheds lights on a novel mechanism wherein the F‐box protein OsFBX156 targets OsHSP71.1 for degradation to promote ROS production and PR gene expression, thereby positively regulating rice innate immunity.
A user‐friendly method to get automated pollen analysis from environmental samples
Authors: Gimenez Betty , Joannin Sébastien , Pasquet Jérôme , Beaufort Luc , Gally Yves , de Garidel‐Thoron Thibault , Combourieu‐Nebout Nathalie , Bouby Laurent , Canal Sandrine , Ivorra Sarah , Limier Bertrand , Terral Jean‐Frédéric , Devaux Céline , Peyron Odile
Published: May 2024

Automated pollen analysis is not yet efficient on environmental samples containing many pollen taxa and debris, which are typical in most pollen‐based studies. Contrary to classification, detection remains overlooked although it is the first step from which errors can propagate. Here, we investigated a simple but efficient method to automate pollen detection for environmental samples, optimizing workload and performance.

We applied the YOLOv5 algorithm on samples containing debris and c. 40 Mediterranean plant taxa, designed and tested several strategies for annotation, and analyzed variation in detection errors.

About 5% of pollen grains were left undetected, while 5% of debris were falsely detected as pollen. Undetected pollen was mainly in poor‐quality images, or of rare and irregular morphology. Pollen detection remained effective when applied to samples never seen by the algorithm, and was not improved by spending time to provide taxonomic details. Pollen detection of a single model taxon reduced annotation workload, but was only efficient for morphologically differentiated taxa.

We offer guidelines to plant scientists to analyze automatically any pollen sample, providing sound criteria to apply for detection while using common and user‐friendly tools. Our method contributes to enhance the efficiency and replicability of pollen‐based studies.
Ultraviolet protection in eye and face protection against biological hazards
Authors: Dain Stephen J. , Cheng Brian B. , Roy Maitreyee
Published: May 2024

Background

In the development of eye and face protection standards against biological hazards, it is important to consider that the eye and face protectors may be used in the outdoor environment, where ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun is much higher than indoors. Workers affected include paramedics, ambulance officers and clinical testing personnel.

Methods

Spectral transmittances (280–780 nm) were measured on eight face shields and one goggle of the types used in hospital and clinical environments, three overhead projector sheets and an occupational impact protective goggle. The UV and luminous transmittances were calculated according to the international and two national sunglass standards, and compared with the compliance requirements.

Results

All the face shields and goggle lenses were made of variants of the same material. All the samples, including the overhead projector sheets, complied with the requirements of the sunglass standards (for normal conditions, in the case of the American standard).

Conclusion

Since all the lenses complied with the sunglass standards for UV protection, and there appears to be uniformity in the choice of materials in this product type, there is no need to make provision, as is the case for occupational eye and face protection standards, for protectors that do not provide UV protection. This makes labelling and advice to end users from eyecare and safety professionals much simpler.
Early ray‐finned herbivores: the dental system of Eurynotoidiidae (Actinopterygii; middle–late Permian, European Russia) and implications for palaeobiology and palaeoecology
Authors: Bakaev Aleksandr S. , Bulanov Valery V. , Kogan Ilja , Johanson Zerina , Minikh Alla V.
Published: May 2024

Eurynotoidiformes are a little‐known group of actinopterygian fishes from the Permian of European Russia, characterized by the possession of multicuspid marginal teeth arranged in a single row. Morphologically, the teeth resemble those of Recent Cichlidae, Acanthuridae, Siganidae or Serrasalmidae, suggesting similar trophic adaptations related to herbivory. Tooth histology is similar to the majority of basal actinopterygians (composed of dentine, acrodin and collar enamel). Teeth are ankylosed in their attachment, and labial pleurodont in implantation, strengthening the tooth. The multicuspid tooth crowns derive from conical teeth of predatory or omnivorous ancestors, analogous to the evolution of multicuspid teeth in cichlid fishes. Tooth replacement in eurynotoidiforms is most comparable to an alternating pattern, with a possible simultaneous, unilateral replacement occurring in the whole jaw, similar to characiform fishes. Replacement teeth were formed extraosseously. Teeth of the inner dental arcade were conical. Based on comparisons with the teeth of extant actinopterygians specialized for herbivory, along with functional morphological analysis and consideration of wear patterns, we hypothesize that eurynotoidiforms represent the oldest known actinopterygians specialized for herbivory. Several strategies of herbivory in Recent actinopterygians were already realized by eurynotoidiforms as early as the Late Palaeozoic (middle and late Permian): grazing/cutting filamentous algae (Lapkosubia spp., Isadia suchonensis), browsing/biting off macrophyte fragments (Isadia aristoviensis), scraping/harvesting periphyton from hard substrates (Isadia opokiensis, I. arefievi). However, notable morphological differences in the jaws (elongate) and tooth arrangement (homodont along the jaw, functional teeth separated) suggest that this Permian experiment in herbivory followed different pathways compared to extant taxa.
Procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric diagnostic and interventional radiology: An expert DELPHI consensus document developed by the ITALIAN scientific society of anesthesia, analgesia, resuscitation and intensive care (SIAARTI)
Authors: Mondardini Maria Cristina , Pezzato Stefano , Meneghini Luisa , Agostiniani Rino , De Cassai Alessandro , D'Errico Ignazio , Minardi Carmelo , Sagredini Raffaella , Sbaraglia Fabio , Testoni Caterina , Toni Francesco , Vason Milo , Amigoni Angela
Published: May 2024

Background

Children undergoing diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures often require sedation to achieve immobility and analgesia if the procedure is painful. In the past decades, leading scientific organizations have developed evidence‐based guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in children outside of the operating room. Their recommendations are being applied to procedural sedation in radiology. However, some questions remain open regarding specific aspects contextualized to the radiology setting, such as elective prone sedation, the urgency of the procedure, when venous access or airway protection is required, and others.

Aims

To address the unresolved issues of procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric diagnostic and interventional radiology.

Methods

An expert panel of pediatricians, pediatric anesthesiologists, intensivists, and neuroradiologists selected topics representative of current controversies and formulated research questions. Statements were developed by reviewing the literature for new evidence, comparing expertise and experience, and expressing opinions. Panelists' agreement with the statements was collected anonymously using the DELPHI method.

Results

Twelve evidence‐based or expert opinion incorporate are presented, considering risks, benefits, and applicability.

Conclusions

This consensus document, developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts involved in the field, provides statements to improve the quality of decision‐making practice in procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric radiology.
A pioneer nematode effector suppresses plant reactive oxygen species burst by interacting with the class III peroxidase
Authors: Rui Lin , Wen Tong‐Yue , Qiu Yi‐Jun , Yang Dan , Ye Jian‐Ren , Wu Xiao‐Qin
Published: May 2024

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen of pine wilt disease, which can devastate the pine forest ecosystem. Usually, plant cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defensive substance or signalling molecules to resist the infection of nematodes. However, little is known about how B. xylophilus effectors mediate the plant ROS metabolism. Here, we identified a pioneer B. xylophilus Prx3‐interacting effector 1 (BxPIE1) expressed in the dorsal gland cells and the intestine. Silencing of the BxPIE1 gene resulted in reduced nematode reproduction and a delay in disease progression during parasitic stages, with the upregulation of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes PtPR‐3 (class Ⅳ chitinase) and PtPR‐9 (peroxidase). The protein–protein interaction assays further demonstrated that BxPIE1 interacts with a Pinus thunbergii class III peroxidase (PtPrx3), which produces H2O2 under biotic stress. The expression of BxPIE1 and PtPrx3 was upregulated during the infection stage. Furthermore, BxPIE1 effectively inhibited H2O2 generating from class III peroxidase and ascorbate can recover the virulence of siBxPIE1‐treated B. xylophilus by scavenging H2O2. Taken together, BxPIE1 is an important virulence factor, revealing a novel mechanism utilized by nematodes to suppress plant immunity.
Diverse geotropic responses in the orchid family
Authors: Chen Jhun‐Chen , Lin Hsiang‐Yin , Novák Ondřej , Strnad Miroslav , Lee Yung‐I. , Fang Su‐Chiung
Published: May 2024

In epiphytes, aerial roots are important to combat water‐deficient, nutrient‐poor, and high‐irradiance microhabitats. However, whether aerial roots can respond to gravity and whether auxin plays a role in regulating aerial root development remain open‐ended questions. Here, we investigated the gravitropic response of the epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Our data showed that aerial roots of P. aphrodite failed to respond to gravity, and this was correlated with a lack of starch granules/statolith sedimentation in the roots and the absence of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 gene. Using an established auxin reporter, we discovered that auxin maximum was absent in the quiescent center of aerial roots of P. aphrodite. Also, gravity failed to trigger auxin redistribution in the root caps. Hence, loss of gravity sensing and gravity‐dependent auxin redistribution may be the genetic factors contributing to aerial root development. Moreover, the architectural and functional innovations that achieve fast gravitropism in the flowering plants appear to be lost in both terrestrial and epiphytic orchids, but are present in the early diverged orchid subfamilies. Taken together, our findings provide physiological and molecular evidence to support the notion that epiphytic orchids lack gravitropism and suggest diverse geotropic responses in the orchid family.
A history of strategies and a tapestry of triumphant tales in tackling plant fungal diseases
Authors: Bailey Sarah L. , Morier‐Gxoyiya Césarée , Puthanvila Surendrababu Swathy , Saunders Diane G. O.
Published: May 2024

Ever since the first crops were domesticated over 10,000 years ago, pests and pathogens have wreaked havoc on crop production. Despite diverse threats from longstanding and emerging diseases, plants continue to play a central role in meeting humanity's requirements for calories and nutrients. In this review, we discuss historical advances made by plant pathologists and breeders that have helped keep many plant diseases at bay. We focus predominantly on fungal diseases of five food crops—rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato—that provide the bulk of calories consumed globally. We cover such historical triumphs in plant pathology as (i) advanced knowledge of fungal biology revolutionizing disease management strategies, (ii) integration of genetics by the ‘wheat wizard’ Rowland Biffen and others transforming the landscape of resistance breeding and (iii) the advent of modern fungicides—from a sinking ship in the 1660s—leading to dramatic yield enhancements. We also discuss (iv) the potential for emerging biocontrol agents to holistically promote plant health and yield. Today, the high homogeneity of crops in modern agricultural systems exacerbates yield losses due to disease by increasing pest/pathogen transmission rates and eroding natural spatial barriers to pest/pathogen dispersal. Meanwhile, climate change is altering the compositions of global pest and pathogen populations and expanding pest/pathogen territories with unpredictable consequences. As we look to the future, the strength of the plant pathology community remains central to developing innovative solutions to tackle these complex and expanding threats to plant health and secure a plentiful food supply.
A place for people's knowledge in climate evidence: Exploring civic evidence in climate litigation
Authors: Berti Suman Anna , Burnette Amelia
Published: May 2024

This article examines the possibilities for data gathered by individuals and communities to demonstrate climate impacts on people's lives in domestic and international climate litigation, as well as the likely procedural constraints that such evidence may encounter. Building on recent decisions of domestic, regional and international courts and bodies, and looking in particular at cases related to climate displacement, we consider the potential for civic evidence to provide valuable testimony in climate litigation, for example, grounding abstract and diffuse harms in personal and locally relevant frames. The article concludes by advancing a research agenda to test, and support or disprove, the argument developed that civic evidence from climate‐affected people could be more robustly deployed in climate litigation and could have a complementary and reinforcing, rather than competing, role alongside institutional evidence.
Private Wealth Over the Life Cycle: A Meeting Between Microsimulation and Structural Approaches
Authors: Galiana Lino , Wilner Lionel
Published: May 2024

This paper embeds a structural model of private wealth accumulation over the life cycle within a dynamic microsimulation model designed for long‐run projections of pensions. In such an environment, the optimal savings path results from consumption smoothing and bequests motives, on top of the mortality risk. Preferences are estimated based on a longitudinal wealth survey through a method of simulated moments. Simulations issued from these estimations replicate quite well a private wealth that is more concentrated than labor income. They enable us to compute “augmented” standards of living including capital income, hence to quantify both the countervailing role played by private wealth to earnings dropout after retirement and the impact of the mortality risk in this regard.
Stabilized time‐series expansions for high‐order finite element solutions of partial differential equations
Authors: Deeb Ahmad , Dutykh Denys
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, Finite Element Method (FEM) has served as a foundational numerical framework for approximating the terms of Time‐Series Expansion (TSE) as solutions to transient Partial Differential Equation (PDE). However, the application of high‐order Finite Element (FE) to certain classes of PDEs, such as diffusion equations and the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations, often leads to numerical instabilities. These instabilities limit the number of valid terms in the series, though the efficiency of time‐series integration even when resummation techniques like the Borel–Padé–Laplace (BPL) integrators are employed. In this study, we introduce a novel variational formulation for computing the terms of a TSE associated with a given PDE using higher‐order FEs. Our approach involves the incorporation of artificial diffusion terms on the left‐hand side of the equations corresponding to each power in the series, serving as a stabilization technique. We demonstrate that this method can be interpreted as a minimization of an energy functional, wherein the total variations of the unknowns are considered. Furthermore, we establish that the coefficients of the artificial diffusion for each term in the series obey a recurrence relation, which can be determined by minimizing the condition number of the associated linear system. We highlight the link between the proposed technique and the Discrete Maximum Principle (DMP) of the heat equation. We show, via numerical experiments, how the proposed technique allows having additional valid terms of the series that will be substantial in enlarging the stability domain of the BPL integrators.
In‐situ U‐Pb dating of calcite slickenfibre constraints on Cenozoic multiple‐phase faulting along the eastern segment of Chengkou Fault, Dabashan Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt
Authors: Tong Kui , Li Jinxi , Li Zhiwu , Uysal I. Tonguç , Zhao Jianxin , Feng Yuexing , Hua Tian , Liu Shugen
Published: May 2024

The Dabashan Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt is an important natural laboratory for exploring the Meso‐Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic evolution in China. Due to the severe lack of post‐Early Cretaceous strata, little attention has been paid to Cenozoic tectonic in the Dabashan. This study presents structural analysis, in‐situ U‐Pb dating of calcite in conjunction with petrographic and stable isotopic analyses along the eastern segment of the Chengkou Fault in the Dabashan. Structural analysis coupled with U‐Pb dating of syn‐kinematic calcite slickenfibres suggests two discrete S‐N compressional strike‐slip deformation events associated with localized E‐W extension along the eastern segment of the Chengkou Fault have occurred at the Early Eocene (~57–50 Ma) and Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene (~23–17 Ma), respectively. We tentatively related the Cenozoic deformation events in the study area to the clockwise rotation of the Sichuan Basin, resulting from the combined far‐field stress effects between the India, Eurasia and western Pacific plates.
GEUKE: A geographic entities uniformly explicit knowledge embedding model
Authors: Yang Yongquan , Kong Dehui , Cao Min , Chen Min
Published: May 2024

Knowledge embedding for geographic knowledge graphs can effectively improve computational efficiency and provide support for knowledge reasoning, knowledge answering and other applications of knowledge graphs. To maintain a more comprehensive understanding of spatial features through knowledge embedding, it is crucial to integrate the representation and computation of various entity types, encompassing points, lines, and polygons. This article proposes a geographic entities uniformly explicit knowledge embedding model (GEUKE). In GEUKE, spatial data of point, line, and polygon‐type geographic entities are expressed in the form of subgraphs, and space embedding is generated using a SubGNN‐based uniform spatial feature encoder. GEUKE improves the energy function in TransE to train spatial feature‐based embedding and structural‐based embedding of geographic entities into a unified vector space. Experimental results show that GEUKE has higher performance than TransE, TransH, TransD, and TransE‐GDR on link prediction and triple classification task. Within the spatial feature embedding process, GEUKE effectively preserves the inherent features of entities, encompassing location, neighborhood, and structural attributes, while simultaneously ensuring a coherent spatial data representation across all three entity types: points, lines, and polygons. By maintaining the spatial features of geographic entities and their interrelations, this capability unleashes the full potential of applications such as knowledge reasoning and geospatial question answering in a manner that is conducive to diverse geospatial scenarios.
Retrospective evaluation of the effects of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone in horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for small intestinal lesions (2008–2019): 240 cases
Authors: Tallon Rose E. , Allen Sarah E. , Bladon Bruce M. , McGovern Kate F.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone on the risk of postoperative reflux (POR) in horses undergoing small intestinal surgery and to investigate its association with incisional complications and short‐term survival.

Design

Retrospective cohort study over an 11‐year period (2008–2019).

Setting

UK‐based private referral center.

Animals

Two hundred and forty client‐owned horses >6 months of age undergoing exploratory laparotomy for treatment of a small intestinal lesion.

Interventions

Ninety‐seven horses received a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, IV).

Measurements and Main Results

Of 97 horses that received dexamethasone, 52 (53.6%) required small intestinal resection. Of 143 horses that did not receive dexamethasone, small intestinal resection was performed in 78 (54.5%). A total of 70 horses (29%) developed POR. There was no difference in the risk of POR between horses that received dexamethasone (25/97; 26%) and those that did not (45/143; 31%, P = 0.34). Risk factors associated with the development of POR included small intestinal resection (odds ratio [OR]: 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27–9.11, P < 0.001), a PCV >40% 24 hours postoperatively (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2–8.45, P < 0.001), and a WBC count >10 × 109/L on admission (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.47–7.41, P = 0.004). Dexamethasone was not associated with the odds of POR. Horses undergoing repeat laparotomy had a higher risk of incisional infection (OR: 8.07, 95% CI: 1.98–32.81, P = 0.004). Dexamethasone administration was not associated with incisional infection. The development of POR was negatively associated with short‐term survival (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03–0.17, P ≤ 0.001). Dexamethasone administration was not retained in the final multivariable model for survival.

Conclusions

Intraoperative dexamethasone was not associated with the development of POR in this study population, nor did it have an effect on postoperative survival or incisional infection in horses undergoing surgical management of small intestinal disease.
Retrospective evaluation of the utility of shock index to determine the presence of congestive heart failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (2019–2021): 98 cases
Authors: Matson Hannah , Llewellyn Efa A.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To calculate the shock index (SI) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate its use to predict the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Small animal university veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals

Ninety‐eight dogs with MMVD and 20 healthy dogs as part of a control group.

Interventions

Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded, and SI was calculated by dividing HR by SBP for each dog.

Measurements and Main Results

The mean (SD) HR, SBP, and SI were 123/min (32.6), 147 mm Hg (21.5), and 0.86 (0.3), respectively, for dogs with MMVD and 98/min (20.9), 145 mm Hg (18.7), and 0.68 (0.13), respectively, for control dogs. Dogs with MMVD had a significantly higher HR compared with control dogs (P < 0.01), and an elevation in HR was seen as the severity of MMVD increased. Dogs in stage B2 and C/D MMVD had a significantly higher SI value compared with control dogs (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively). SI was significantly higher in dogs in stage C/D MMVD compared with dogs in stage B2 MMVD (P < 0.01). Ten of 98 (10%) dogs had an arrhythmia. HR, SBP, and SI were not significantly different between dogs with and without arrhythmias (P = 0.13, P = 0.57, and P = 0.07, respectively), but significantly more dogs with CHF had an arrhythmia (P = 0.01). SI (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.98) and HR (AUC: 0.95) were excellent indicators for the presence of CHF. An optimal SI cutoff value ≥1.1 had 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity for predicting the presence of CHF, and an optimal HR cutoff value of ≥157/min had 92% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the prediction of CHF.

Conclusions

When there are compatible clinical signs, SI values ≥1.1 may suggest the presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD.
A survey of medication and raw food use among canine blood donors
Authors: Holowaychuk Marie K.
Published: May 2024

Background

Blood donors are screened for medication use to determine their health status and to ensure that the collection will be safe and efficacious for transfusion. Although stringent medication deferral guidelines exist for human blood donors, no consensus exists as to which medications should be permitted among canine donors.

Methods

A brief survey regarding canine donor screening methods was distributed to an online hematology and transfusion medicine group and included questions pertaining to commonly prescribed medications and consumption of a raw food diet.

Key Findings

The survey results demonstrate that more than half of the respondents accept canine donors given thyroid supplements, whereas respondents were split as to whether they accept canine donors given antihistamines chronically. Most survey respondents exclude canine donors taking anti‐inflammatory or anti‐itch medications unless in acute circumstances and only after a washout period. More than half of the survey respondents exclude dogs fed a raw food diet.

Significance

The survey results demonstrate that there is no obvious agreement regarding which medications to permit in canine donors. Evidence‐based guidelines are needed to inform best practices and the subsequent decisions made by donor programs.