bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Magnetic NBR Seal in the Centrifuge
Authors: Yu Zhen Yan , Zhang Wei , Yue Da Ling
Published: December 2011

It is easy for common skeleton rubber seal of centrifuge to wear and tear and ageing, great economic loss is made at machine downtime. A new-type magnetic NBR seal was designed in this paper, which has the advantages of small coefficient of friction, light wear and self-recovery because nano-BaO.6Fe2O3 was added in NBR, the structure was simpler but the capability of seal is stronger. In this paper, through experiment and simulation, the various parameters on the sealing ability was analyzed , at the same time the best parameters centrifuge seal were determined , the problem of centrifuge sealing was solved successfully.
Optimizing the Operation of Pumping System with Linear Programming (LP), Nonlinear (PNL) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Authors: Borges Anderson William Simões , Covacic Marcio Roberto
Published: December 2011

There are many reasons for conducting research involving the basic sanitation sector in Brazil, among these reasons are some very peculiar characteristics related to this sector, ranging from features to their design and form of organization to maintenance. This paper provides practical insight into the application of automation technologies in sanitation systems and aims to expose a set of solutions focused on automation of viable water supply that can be applied even in municipalities that manage their own water supply. Automated systems are characterized mainly by the need to purchase to send information from one or more operational control centers to remote stations located in diverse locations such as densely urbanized centers, non-urban areas, restricted access locations, coastal areas, areas port, underground cities and localities of high topography. This diversity of characteristics requires a set of automation solutions. Supervision and management information for the control and management of the supply system in an integrated and efficient.
Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Activation Energy and Reaction Rate of Synthesis of Dodecylmethyldihydroxyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Mao Tao Yan , Zheng Cheng , Yu Jimmy
Published: December 2011

The reaction kinetics of the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt under two sets of different reaction conditions, including microwave irradiation condition and conventional heating condition, were studied. In order to make sure that the microwave would not be interrupted, the reaction temperature was maintained at the boiling point of reaction solvents. The results showed that the reaction was a first-order reaction under both set of conditions and microwave irradiation changed the value of the activation energy of the reaction, indicating a change in the reaction mechanism. The activation energy was 41.44 kJ/mol under microwave irradiation condition, and 61.21 kJ/mol under conventional condition.
Flow Structure of New Quick-Contact Cyclone Reactor
Authors: Ma Yi , Wang Zhen Bo , Jin You Hai
Published: December 2011

The gas flow structure of new quick-contact cyclone reactor was simulated by using Reynolds stress model of Computational Fluid Dynamics method. In preliminary work, it had been proved that the simulated results agreed well with the experimental results. The results show that: ⑴ in mixer region, the three-dimensional velocities of gas flow are very small and the vertical vortexes cover the most part of the mixer which could contribute to gas-solid mixing effect; ⑵ in separator region, the rotation intensity of gas flow is very strong through accelerating action of guided vanes. However, some vortexes exist near the entrance of exhaust pipe and dust hopper which is not conductive to separation efficiency. The results could play a directive role in mass and heat transfer process and catalytic cracking reaction in cyclone reactor.
A Simple, Efficient and Selective α-Monobromination for Arylacenones under Solvent-Free Condition
Authors: Liu Ming Xing , Hu Li Xiu , Wang Xian Wen , Zhu Hong Da
Published: December 2011

The α-bromination reaction of arylacenones with 1,2-dipyridiniumditribromide-ethane (DPTBE) as brominating agent under solvent-free condition, selectively gave the corresponding α-bromoarylacenones derivatives with a simple procedure and excellent yields.
Synthesis of Methacrolein by Condensation of Propionaldehyde with Formaldehyde
Authors: Li Yu Chao , Yan Rui Yi , Wang Lei , Liu Lu , Liu Dan , Zhang Heng , Diao Yan Yan , Li Zeng Xi , Zhang Suo Jiang
Published: December 2011

Methacrolein is an important intermediate in the synthesis of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which is widely used for producing acrylic plastics or producing polymer dispersions for paints and coatings. In this paper, methacrolein was synthesized by condensation of propionaldehyde with formaldehyde in the pressense of amine salt through Mannich base intermediate at the atmospheric pressure. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained. The water content in starting mixture were also investigated
Mechanism of High-Carbon Paraffin Deposition and Preventing Methods
Authors: Zhang Fu Sheng , Ouyang Jian , Wang De Wei , Feng Xin Fang
Published: December 2011

The high-carbon paraffin in crude oil will deposit at a very high temperature, which disturbs oil production seriously, so the prevention and control of high-carbon paraffin becomes an important task. Because of the characteristic of high-carbon paraffin, the conventional wax removal and inhibition only plays a small part. Components and structure of the crude oil from Shengli, Tuha, and Kazakhstan PKKR are analyzed by methods of GC, 1H-NMR and so on; It is proved that the main reasons why high-carbon paraffin deposition is serious are low content of asphaltene and resin, high gas to oil ratio, and high-carbon paraffin contained in the crude. The paraffin inhibition mechanism is researched by microscope and contact angle instrument. It is found that the paraffin inhibitor can prevent paraffin crystal from forming 3D network structure by modifying its structure, and mitigate paraffin deposition by changing the wettability of paraffin deposition surface. At last, both paraffin inhibition effect and evaluation method are referred. The paraffin inhibiting rate for the crude oil with high-carbon paraffin is above 60%.
Study on Quality Control Technology for Square/Round Billet in Panzhihua Steel
Authors: Pan Hong , Wu Guo Rong , Li Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2011

The continuous casting technologies of the new square/round billet continuous caster in Panzhihua Steel have been studied. And on this basis, the effect of process parameters of primary cooling, mold powder, secondary cooling and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) on billet quality is investigated. With these studies, the continuous casting process is optimized, and the quality of square/round billet is improved as well. Comprehensive technologies for quality control of square/round billet in Panzhihua Steel have been proposed. The results of industrial tests show that the accept rate of surface quality for square billet is 98.44%, and that is 97.42% for round billet; the comprehensive rate below level 1.0 of internal defects of center porosity, center segregation and center cracks is more than 97%, and carbon segregation index is in the range of 0.93~1.09. The quality of square/round billet can meet the requirement of consumers absolutely.
Regeneration of Iron Oxide Sorbent Used for Hot Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Fan Hui Ling , Guo Hong Sheng , Liang Li Tong , Shen Fang , Lin Jian Ying , Ju Shang Guan
Published: December 2011

Iron oxide sorbent was prepared from red mud and the regeneration behaviors were investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Regeneration parameters including temperature and concentration of oxygen have been considered in order to obtain a suitable regeneration condition. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the fresh and regenerated sorbents. The experimental results show that the sulfided sorbent could be regenerated efficiently using a gas composition of 2% O2-15% H2O- balance N2, at the temperature of 700 °C.
Study on Thiourea Dioxide’s Reducing Capacity and its Reactivity with Reactive Dyes
Authors: Zhou Lan , Liu Xiao Yun , Shao Jian Zhong , Chen Ya Ni
Published: December 2011

In this paper, potential analysis method was applied to study the effects of pH value and temperature on potential and reducing capacity of thiourea dioxide, and the reactivity between thiourea dioxide and reactive dyes as ground shade dyes under simulated printing steaming conditions in aqueous solution was also investigated. The results showed that thiourea dioxide’s reduction potential increased with the rise of pH value and temperature. when temperature was lower than 60 °C, thiourea dioxide had low reactivity with reactive dyes as ground shade dyes, and when temperature was up to 80 °C, thiourea dioxide began to break reactive dyes, which was in accordance with the reduction potential change rule of thiourea dioxide along with temperature.
Study on the Characteristics of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicle Fueled with Biodiesel under Transient Operating Mode
Authors: Mei De Qing , Wang Shu Long , Sun Ping , Yuan Yin Nan
Published: December 2011

Biodiesel is a renewable and clean alternative fuel. The exhausts emissions from light duty vehicle fueled with biodiesel and No.0 diesel fuel are measured and analyzed. The modular features of emissions under transient operating mode is investigated on. As compared to No.0 diesel fuel, experimental results show that the HC and CO emissions of cold start are improved much from light duty vehicle fueled with biodiesel and also the specific emissions of HC, CO and PM decrease 62.0%, 42.5% and 46.2% respectively, but the NOx specific emission rise 7.1% up. Chemical energy is released during the combustion of fuel, which produced CO2 and H2O, at the same time the N2 in air would also be oxygenated to NOx. So the concentration rate of NOx/CO2 is used to describe the regularity of NOx emission with the transient operating mode.
Research on the Thermodynamics of Benzene in Activated Carbon Regenerated by Spent Catalyst
Authors: Qian Tian Cai , Wang Jun Li , Wang Shao Hua
Published: December 2011

The adsorption of High volatile harmful Gas benzene onto the of activated carbons regenerated by spent catalyst was studied. The adsorption isotherms of benzene in the activated carbon at temperatures of 20, 30，35°C was measured, and the experimental data were analyzed theoretically by Langmuir isotherm. Avery adsorption heat (△H), free energy (△G) and entropy(△S) of benzene at different adsorption quantity in the activated carbon were calculated. The microstructure of activated carbon to the adsorption of benzene impact of factors was analyzed, the results showed that the regeneration activated carbon had excellent performance capacity of benzene under the same condition the maximum adsorption amount of other properties similar to activated carbon was much higher.
Preparation of Aluminosilicate Mesoporous Catalyst and its Application for Production 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural Dehydration from Fructose
Authors: Jiang Chong Wen , Su Ai Xian , Li Xue Mei
Published: December 2011

The aluminosilicate mesoporous MCM-41 is prepared by secondary restructure in hydrothermal condition. Both the secondary restructure and incorporation of Al in MCM-41 can obviously improve the hydrothermal stability and acidity of these materials. The catalytic reaction of materials prepared is evaluated by dehydrating fructose for 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. It is found that the 5% MCM-41 catalyst added leading to the reaction activity enhanced by more than twice. Furthermore, sulfonated MCM-41 catalyst is helpful to increase the acidity and leading the higher reactivity. The corresponding conversion of fructose and the yield for 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural are 83.26% and 51.83%, respectively.
Study on Dyeing Properties of Chrysophanol on Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)Fiber
Authors: Wang Jia Wei , Shi Cai Yun , Zhang Yun , Wang Xiang Rong
Published: December 2011

In order to provide the theoretical basis for synthetic fiber dyeing with natural dyes, the dyeing properties of chrysophanol on Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) fiber were investigated. The appropriate dyeing condition was 0.5g•dm-3 Paregal O in the dyebath, pH=5 and the final temperature at 100°C~110°C. The dye uptake of chrysophanol on PTT fiber was relatively small, and the building-up property of chrysophanol on PTT fiber was poor. The adsorption of chrysophanol on PTT fiber accorded with Nerst Partition Relation. The partition coefficient decreased with the temperature rising while the dyeing affinity (-△μ0) increased with the temperature rising.
Release Rules of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals during Coal Gasification in CO2 and O2/CO2
Authors: Lin Jian Ying , Liu Yang , Qiao Yu
Published: December 2011

Release rules of alkali and alkaline earth metals during coal gasification in CO2 and O2/CO2 are studied with fix-bed reactor and ion chromatography. The results show that the release rates of Na, K and Mg increase with the increase of temperature. Temperature has almost no effect on the release rate of Ca under the experimental conditions. Compare with temperature, Oxygen concentration has less effect on AAEM volatilization. The release rates of Na and K are higher than that of Mg and Ca. This indicates that the primary mechanisms of volatilization of Na and K are different from those of Mg and Ca.
A Research of the Influence on the Coking Technological Property by Adding Dusts of Blast Furnace Containing Iron and Carbon
Authors: Lei Qi , Wang Guang Hui , Zhang Qi Gang , Yang Shu Qin , Tian Yong Sheng , Li Qi Na , Yan Tie Jun , Shu Da Fan , Hu Yi
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a research on adding dusts of blast furnace (DBF) which contains iron and carbon to the coal blend was carried out on 5 Kg coke oven. The influences of addition amount (0.25%~1.25%) and size distribution (0~2.5 mm) for DBF on the quality of the coke were investigated. The results showed that the influence on the quality of the coke was little when amount of DBF was less than 0.25% and particle size was from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, but the quality of the coke decreased obviously when addition amount was more than 0.25% and the size was larger than 1 mm.
A New Response Surface Methodology: XU-RSM
Authors: Zhang Pei Pei , Yin Zi Dong
Published: December 2011

This paper aims to develop a new Response Surface Methodology (RSM)— XU-RSM— adapted to Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) based on Diffuse Approximation (DA) and First-Order Reliability Method (FORM). The essential of the new response surface methodology is to use simultaneously the points both in a design space (X-space) and an independent standard normal random space (U-space). Mixing the points allows for more precise local approximation due to denser sampling points and leads to a faster convergence. Finally, a mathematic example is given to show how to use the new method and the comparison of results of evolutions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Glucose Dehydroabietate
Authors: Shi Zhan Wan , Wang Ying , Nie Yuan Mei , Yao Xing Dong
Published: December 2011

Glucose dehydroabietate was synthesized from glucose and dehydroabietic acid in the presence of propanediol and base catalyst. The product exhibits good surface activity. Rosin is one kind of widely applied raw materials. The main components of rosin, resinolic acids, have hydrophobic phenanthrene structure. The acid group of resinolic acids can react with hydrophilic compounds to form a series of surfactants. Therefore, rosin can be used for surfactant production. Glucose is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide. All plants can produce glucose via. photosynthesis. While glucose reacts with rosin, the product, glucose rosinate, exhibits excellent surface activity. Besides, just like sugar esters [1], the surfactant has the characteristic of non-toxic, easily degradable and harmless for environment. It can be applied widely in food and other industry. In the present paper, glucose dehydroabietate has been synthesized from dehydroabietic acid and glucose with propanediol as solvent. The optimum reaction conditions have been investigated.
Process Optimization of Microwave Drying Sludge with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Han Mu Xin , Li Dong Mei , Feng Yu Jie , Tan Yu Fei
Published: December 2011

To enhance further treatment efficiency of the sludge, a process microwave drying of sludge was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial mathematical model was developed through Box-Behnken experimental design to describe the relationship between tested variables and moisture content of sludge. The experimental values were found to be in accordance with the predicted values, the correlation coefficient is 0.9203(P < 0.001). Estimated optimum parameters were as follows: The sludge: tree bark is 58:1, microwave power is 630w and processing time is 5.32 minutes. Under these conditions, a lowest moisture content of sludge (49.12%) after microwave drying was reached.
Different CaO Content Influence on Fusibility of Coal Ash
Authors: Liu Yong Jing , Guo Yan Hong , Wang Qiao
Published: December 2011

Selecting the Zichang coal as the sample coal, the chemical composition of the ash is analyzed with X-ray diffraction. The fusibility of coal ash temperature is measured for the ash with the different CaO content. The results shows that fusibility of coal ash drops with the increasing CaO content until it reaches 3.0%; then it increases with the increasing CaO content. We can explain this behavior by SiO2–Al2O3–CaO ternary phase diagram. The temperature of fusibility is lower when the additive amount reaches 3.0%~3.5% of coal.
Desulfurization from Gasoline by Polymer Resin at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Zhu Jian Peng , Li Chun Hu , Chen Jia Ling , Luo Ying Wei
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Investigation of polymer resin as catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has revealed that the method can be applied to make a relative high removal of sulfur compounds. The reaction conditions, including temperature, amount of oxidant and reaction time were studied. The best result occurs under mild conditions with respect to room temperature and atmospheric pressure, to remove 75.54% of the totle sulfur content in the presence of H2O2 with an O/S molar ratio of 17. Possible mechanism is also disscussed.
Effect of Blanching on β-Carotene Degradation of Cabbages during Drying
Authors: Wang Dong Mei , Jiang Lian Zhou , Zhao Xiao Yan , Zhang Chao , Ma Yue
Published: December 2011

The effect of blanching on β-carotene degradation of cabbages during drying was evaluated, and the β-carotene degradation was further simulated by a kinetic model. The β-carotene content of the cabbages decreased when the drying time and temperature increased. The blanched cabbages hold the β-carotene content and color of the cabbage as the unblanched one comparing with the un-blanched cabbages. The kinetic analysis showed the activation energy of the blanched and un-blanched cabbages was 14475.38 and 15429.36 J/mol, which was the main reason resulted in the mentioned results. Therefore, blanching helped to hold the β-carotene content and color of cabbages.
Microwave Drying of Tilapia Fillets: Kinetics and Modeling
Authors: Zhang Bao Yan , Jin Yin Zhe , Cheng Yu Dong
Published: December 2011

To study the effect of microwave output power on the drying kinetics of tilapia fillets, the drying experiments were carried out at 150W, 250W, 500W, 700W and 900W, respectively. And ten mathematical models were involved to fit experimental data. It was found that Midilli et al model gave a best fitness for this conditions applied. Besides, effective moisture diffusivity increased progressively from 1.6248×10-9 (m2/s) to 10.0735×10-9 (m2/s) as the power increased from 150W to 900W. In addition, to obtain more homogeneous samples, temperature distribution of tilapia fillets was analyzed when they were put in different layout forms.
6-O-(10-Undecylenoyl)-D-Glucose: Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis and Structure Elucidation by 1H and 13C NMR
Authors: Wang Yin Zhen , Li Qun Liang , Yue Wu , Yao Ping Jia , Wei Yua Nan
Published: December 2011

A direct esterification synthesis of glucose undecylenic acid sugar monoester is described, using the immobilized lipase enzyme NOVO-435 in 2-methyl-2-butonal and in ethyl methyl ketone (EMK). conditions were optimized in order to produce the monoester more rapidly and in higher yield. After the reaction product was purified, mass spectroscopy revealed that it had a molecular weight of 346.2 AMU. Further characterization by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was carried out, including two-dimensional (2D) 1H-1H COSY and heteronuclear 1H-13C HSQC experiments. These data enabled identification of the monoester product to be 6-O-(10-undercylenoyl)α-D-glucose (74%), and 6-O-(10-undercylenoyl)β-D-glucose (26%) in methanol solution.
Effects of Metal Ions on the Stability of Purple Sweet Potato Pigment
Authors: Li Su Hong , Li Tuo Ping , Fu Wei Na , Yu Xiao Juan , Zhao Zhong Shen , Jia You Feng
Published: December 2011

Purple sweet potato pigment is a natural food pigment, the stability is important to its quality assurance. The effects of metal ions on the stability of purple sweet potato pigment were investigated. The results showed that Mg2+and Fe3+ were conductive to pigments stability in the initial storage, and with the concentration increased, the pigment was more stable. But K+, Ca2+, Na+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ had brought the color density, the color intensity and the preservation rate of purple sweet potato pigment down in the long-term storage.
Enhancement of Lactic Acid on Antibacterial Activity of Haw Pectic Oligosaccharides
Authors: Li Tuo Ping , Li Su Hong , Zhu Ru Gang , Jia You Feng , Zhao Zhong Shen , Song Yu Rong , Wu Jing
Published: December 2011

The enhancive effects of lactic acid on the antibacterial activities of haw pectic oligosaccharides (HPOS) against the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus faecalis, were investigated. Both HPOS and lactic acid showed dose and pH dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. S. faecalis was sensitive to the HPOS but was resistant to the lactic acid. The antibacterial activity of HPOS against these three bacteria could be enhanced by co-treatment with lactic acid. The results revealed that HPOS may be useful as a food preservative, and lactic acid was able to enhance the antibacterial activity of HPOS, allowing for a further improvement in its efficiency. This additive effect obtained with lactic acid would likely result in a reduction in the dosage necessary for food preservation.
Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Content of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv Leaf Extract
Authors: Wang Jian Hui , Liu Dong Min , Liu Yong Le , Li Chi Ling , Cheng Yuan Yuan , Li Yan
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to determine the polyphenolic contents of Eucommia ulmoicles Oliv leaf extracts and evaluate their antioxidant activities in vitro. All the extracts were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method and their oxidative-retarding efficiency in vegetable oils. It was observed that the highest values were found in 70% MeOH extracts for total phenolic content as gallic acid. A good correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenol content in the extracts was found. The extraction yield, total phenol content and radical scavenging activity were increased and peroxide formation in vegetable oils were decreased with the graded solvent concentration of MeOH. The phenolic compound yield ranged from 2.45 to 11.35% and the total phenol content increased from 34.51 mg/g to 47.68 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity increased from 56.32% to 90.37% as MeOH concentration increased. Compared to the control (70.45 meq/kg), 70% MeOH fraction with 47.68 mg/g phenolic compounds shows much stronger antioxidant ability (30.12 meq/kg) in vegetable oil system.
Study on Microbial Control of Coated Paper Coating
Authors: Ma Yong Sheng , Wang Lin Tong , Sun Xian Hui
Published: December 2011

Preservative was very necessary used in coated paper coating. Preservative was typical paper additive which was low dosage and high yield. Preservative classification, function mechanism and application technology of coated paper coating was introduced and summarized by the numbers in this paper. Finally the development direction and prospect of preservative used in coated paper coating was prospected.
Synthesis, Characterization and Floculating Properties of Coply(AM-DAC) in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sun Wein Min , Zhang Guang Cheng , Su Meng Meng , Li He Lin , Lei Xia
Published: December 2011

A cationic polymeric flocculant was synthesized through solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by acrylamide and Aacryloxyethyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride(DAC) monomers, and ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite as redox initiation system. The copolymer obtained was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Its flocculating properties were evaluated by turbidity removal with clay suspensions, turbidity and COD removal with sewage using standard jar tests. The results demonstrate that the copolymer can be used as a kind of cationic polymeric flocculant in water and wastewater treatment.
Effect of Adding Silver Carp Surimi on Gelatinization Characteristics of Wheat Flour Dough during Microwave Heating
Authors: Wang Yi , Jin Yin Zhe , Cheng Yu Dong
Published: December 2011

The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding silver carp surimi on gelatinization characteristics of wheat flour dough during microwave heating. Diﬀerential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the extent of gelatinization of wheat starch. It is observed that as surimi added into wheat flour dough it would take 95s to achieve the targeted temperature which was longer than 0% surimi-wheat flour dough with 5s. On the other hand, adding of surimi enhanced the uniformity of temperature distribution during microwave heating. Moreover, microwave heating lead to an increase of gelatinization temperature of pre-heated samples including TO (onset temperature), TP (peak temperature) and TE (end set temperature). When the amount of silver carp surimi was increasing, the gelatinization rate of dough decreased slightly. The results indicated that silver carp surimi competed wheat starch with water during microwave heating.
Study on the Technology of Extraction Protein from Fish Swim Bladder with Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Duan Zhen Hua , Li Yan Lan , Wang Ju Lan
Published: December 2011

A fresh fish swim bladder was used to extract protein with ultrasonic treatment technology. The coomassie brilliant blue G-250 was used to determine the protein content. Effects of ultrasonic power, duty cycle and pH of extraction solution on the extraction rate of proteins were investigated in this paper. The conditions of extracting protein from swim bladder by ultrasonic treatment were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results indicated that the optimized conditions were ultrasonic power 125W, duty cycle 70%, and the pH of solution 1.0 respectively. This provided a basis for the development of application of ultrasonic extraction technology in the processing of fish swim bladder.
The Analysis of Relationships between Surface Porosity and Air Permeability of Paper (board)
Authors: Xue Mei Gui , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: December 2011

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to scan the surfaces of 9 kinds of food packaging paper, and the surface porosity of them was analyzed according to fractaltheory. To study the relationships between surface porosity and the air permeability of the paper samples, Schopper air permeability tester was used to test the air permeability of the samples. By fitting experimental curve, the relationships between the surface porosity and air permeability were obtained. It demonstrated that the fitting curve described the profile of the experimental values very well and the air permeability depends exponentially on surface porosity over a large range of porosity and the fitting curve equation is Ps=1.132e15.89A.
Study on Treatment of Wastewater from the Production of PolyTHF with Extraction- SBR Method
Authors: Ren Qing Kai , Liu Jing , Qu Hong , Ai Sheng Shu , Bian De Jun
Published: December 2011

Keywords: SBRmethod, Wastewater from production of PolyTHF, extraction method Abstract: The wastewater from the production of polytetrahydrofuran (PolyTHF) was treated with union between of the extraction method and SBR method. The results showed that at 25°C, phase ratio of 1:1 and equilibrium time of 40min, using chloroform as extraction agent, CODCr removal rate could reach as high as 75%. After the treatment of wastewater was treated by SBR method, which meet the national level of discharging standard, CODCr removal could reach at 100mg/L.
The Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Four Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gels with Different Cross-Linking Agents
Authors: Cui Yu Jia , Wang Wei Guo , Li Peng , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan , Wan Jia Li
Published: December 2011

Abstract：PurposeThe physicochemical properties of four Cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gels(CHA) with different cross-linking agents were conpared.In order to research out the different stability and Enzyme-resistant properties of these CHA.Methods The CHA hydrogels were prepared with different cross-linking agents, such as PEG20000, PDE, BDDE and ADH. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by single factor experiment. Dynamic viscosity was tested by Stabinger method. Intrinsic viscosity was tested by Uzziah's viscosity method. The in vitro Enzyme-resistant properties of CHA-gels were analysed by carbazole and spectrophotometry. Results The concentrations of NaOH/HCl, concentrations of HA and the ratio of cross-linking agent to HA were significant conditions which influenced the physicochemical properties of CHA gels. PDE-CHA and PEG20000 gels have best Dynamic viscosity, PDE-CHA gel has best Intrinsic viscosity, ADH-CHA and BDDE-CHA gels have better Enzyme-resistant properties than PEG20000-CHA and PDE-CHA gels.Conclusion The CHA-gel prepared under optimal reaction conditions have different physical and chemical properties, which set foundation for developing double cross-linked gel with both excellent stability and Enzyme-resistant properties.
Behaviors of Chlorine in Smelting Process of Blast Furnace
Authors: Hu Bin Sheng , Gui Yong Liang , Guo Hua Lou , Song Chun Yan
Published: December 2011

The existence forms of chlorine entered into blast furnace are chloride created by Cl- and metal cation or organic speciation absorbed in specular coal or structure macromolecule of coal. The chlorine entered into blast furnace merges with blast furnace gas in the form of HCl after conducted a series of chemical reactions. With the increasing of HCl content in blast furnace gas, the coke reactivity decreases and the coke post reaction strength increases, and the reduction process of iron ore is restrained and the low temperature reduction degradation property increases. However, the corrosion of gas pipeline and TRT blade is aggravated by the HCl in blast furnace gas, and then blast furnace gas conveying process and normal operation of TRT unit are affected.
Improvement of Cheese Produced by Reconstituted Milk Powder: Effects of Streptococcus thermophilus on the Texture and Microstructure
Authors: Wang Wei Jun , Zhang Lan Wei , Li Yan Hua , Zhang Li Li , Luo Xue , Wang Shu Mei
Published: December 2011

Two stains (SP1.1 and TM11) of Streptococcus thermophilus were evaluated for the production of soft cheese using reconstituted milk powder. Analysis of cheese composition showed that the stains possessed good acidifying activity. When S. thermophilus TM11, an exopolysaccharide-producing stain, was added in combination with SP1.1, the texture variables of hardness, springiness and cohesiveness decreased and the adhesiveness increased. Furthermore, the microstructure of the cheese cultured with S. thermophilus TM11 was less hard and showed more opened cavities than other cheeses. It was conclusion that S. thermophilus TM11 could be used to improve the texture properties of this soft cheese.
Conformational Changes of the Wild-Type hIAPP and the S20P Mutant in Water Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Mian , Wang Jian Yi
Published: December 2011

Conformational changes of wild-type (WT) hIAPP and the S20P mutant in explicit water are investigated using molecular dynamics. In the whole simulation, WT shows compacter structure and has more hydrogen-bond networks than S20P. The residues 14-18 in WT is always maintained as a helical structure which is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between Ser20 and NH group of His18, and the other regions in WT partially loosen from α-helix structures into the coil structures. The S20P mutant in a shortage of hydrogen-bond interaction unfolds faster than WT. This work provides insight into the specific conformation of IAPP which is associated with the generation of amyloid fibrils.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Bean Sprout by Simultaneous Distillation Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zuo Yong , Ju Shuai , Liu Li Ping , Li Yang , Xie Hui
Published: December 2011

Simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are used to analyze the volatile flavor compounds of bean sprouts, which are fermented with composite strains of different compatibility .The results showed that bean sprouts fermented by compound bacteria AN1: AE produced maximum flavor compounds. The number of the flavor compounds is 22, of which 5 were alcohols, 11 were esters and 6 others. Combined with organoleptic investigation, compound bacteria AN1: AE were preliminarily picked up as the best fermentation strain of bean sprouts
Determination of Sugars in β-Amylase Hydrolysates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liang Xin Hong , Li Bin , Li Gang , Tang Yu , Guo Zu Feng
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The chromatographic conditions for the separation of glucose, maltose and maltotriose on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4 um, 4.6×250mm) by use of a 2414 differential refractometer detector were determined. The square of the correlation coefficient of glucose, sucrose, maltose and maltotriose was 0.9973, 0.9981, 0.9977 and 0.9987, respectively. When the ratio of signal and noise was 3, the detection limit of glucose, sucrose, maltose and maltotriose was 0.3, 0.3, 0.20, 0.20 mg/mL the β-amylase hydrolysates consisted mainly of maltose, and maltotriose next, glucose only in trace amount, and no sucrose. The RSD of glucose, maltose and maltotriose was 2.08%, 2.41% and 2.61%, respectively. And the recovery of glucose, maltose and maltotriose was 101.3%, 98.4% and 93.5%. It was credible to separate sugars from hydrolysates. The method is important for improving the inducible enzymes activity.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of V-Type Amylose-Alcohol Complexes
Authors: Yang Liu Zhi , Xiao Xin Xin , Zheng Miao Miao , Liu Yan Qi
Published: December 2011

In this paper, B-type microcrystalline starch made a combination with ethanol, butanol, hexanol and octanol respectively under certain conditions, a series of V-type amylose-alcohol complexes were prepared. Infrared absorption spectra of obtained Vethanol, Vbutanol, Vhexanol, Voctanol were measured qualitatively to determine the certain alcohol in V-type complexes; Further application of principal component analysis (PCA) with SPSS13.0, DPS7.05 statistical software for analysis calculation of infrared absorption spectra. The result showed that the content of alcohol in Vethanol, Vbutanol, Vhexanol, Voctanol were 19.8%, 14.1%, 9.79% and 8.3%.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Synthesis Dextran by Biochemical Conversion
Authors: Liang Ming Zheng , Li Mei , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Zhong Lei , Liao An Ping
Published: December 2011

To improve the production of dextran, fermentation conditions for cultivation of an Leuconostoc mesenteroides CICC-21725 were investigated. The fermentation conditions were optimized preliminarily by using the method of univariate experiment in the shake-ﬂask culture, and the yield rate of dextran was used as the investigation index. The result shows that when the fermentation temperature, initial pH value, rotation speed and inoculum concentration were 25 °C, 7.5 , 0 r/min and 10%, respectively, the yield rate of dextran was the highest. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the yield rate is approximately 98%, which is about 12% higher than the unoptimized.
Effect of Plasma-Induced Polymerization on Contact Angle of Paper
Authors: Song Zhao Ping , Li Jun Rong , Xiao Hui Ning
Published: December 2011

Hydrophobic modification of cellulose fibres was conducted by plasma-induced polymer grafting in an attempt to increase the hydrophobicity of paper. Two hydrophobic monomers, i.e., butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) were grafted on cellulose fibres, induced by atmospheric cold plasma. Various influencing factors associated with the plasma-induced grafting were investigated, including the contact time and reaction temperature with monomers, and the dosage of monomers. Contact-angle measurement, infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to ascertain the occurrence of the grafting. The results showed that the hydrophobic property of the modified paper sheet was improved significantly after the plasma-induced grafting. The water contact angle on the surface of the paper reached up to higher than125°.
Thermogravimetric Evaluation of Magnesium Hydroxide and Red Phosphorous Flame Retarded Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber
Authors: Niu Ying Jian , Yang Ling
Published: December 2011

Halogen free fire-retardant silicon rubber compounds were prepared, using red phosphorus combined with magnesium hydroxide as flame retardants. The flame retardant mechanisms of red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide were studied by means of comprehensive decomposition studies and combustion tests. The study is intended to illuminate prerequisites and the potential of red phosphorus as a fire retardant for silicone rubber in the condensed phase. The flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices （LOI） and UL 94 test. Thermo-oxidative decomposition kinetics were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG). The activation energies were determined using the Friedman method, which do not require knowledge of the reaction mechanism (RM). The results show that the MVMQ/MH/RP composite has a higher thermal stability and lower flammability.
Study on Screening of Glutathione over-Production Strain and its Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Gang Jie , Shan Li Feng , Bu Hong Yu
Published: December 2011

This study was to screen strains for glutathione over-production. A high GSH-producing strain HSJB1 was isolated from soil.According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of cells, this strain was primarily identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The glutathion fermentation conditions of this strain by shake flask culture were studied.The optimal fermentation medium was as follows: glucose 20g/L, (NH4)2SO4 5g/L, peptone 12.5 g/L, KH2PO4 9.0 g/L, MgSO4•7H2O 1.0 g/L, NaCl 0.2 g/L, ZnSO4•H2O 0.01 g/L. The optimal culture conditions were as follows :pH 5，broth quantity 30ml/250ml, temperature 28°C，inoculum 10%. Under the optimal conditions, the glutathione productivity and biomass were 53.60 mg/L and 3.8 g/L, respectively, which were 11.2% and 11.8% higher than those in the original conditions, respectively.
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polypropylene and Hyperbranched Polyester Blends
Authors: Fan Qing Chun , Duan Fei Hong , Guo Huai Bing , Wu Tian
Published: December 2011

The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP with different contents of AB2 hyperbranched polyester(HBP) added has been investigated. The results show that HBP acts as a nucleating agent for PP, and the hyperbranched polyester can decrease the half crystallization time (t1/2) and increase the crystallization rate of PP greatly. The Avrami exponents of PP and nucleated PP are all close to 2.5. Hoffman theory was adopted to calculate the interfacial free energy per unit area perpendicular to PP chains σe of PP and PP/HBP blends.
Epoxidation of Styrene with Molecular Oxygen on Co3O4/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Shen Yang Yi , Zhu Ming Qiao , Du Jin Pei , Yang Yang Yang , Tang Yue
Published: December 2011

A series of supported catalysts Co3O4/SiO2 were prepared by deposition precipitation method. ICP-AES, XRD and TEM data revealed that the Co3O4 active site was highly dispersed on the surface of SiO2. The catalysts were evaluated for selective epoxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen. The results showed that the catalysts were of good catalytic activity for styrene epoxidation and many factors had an evident effect on the catalytic epoxidation activity. The best catalyst was 3% Co3O4/SiO2 on which 96.3% conversion of styrene and 52.7% selectivity of styrene oxide were obtained under the flow rate of O2 20mL/min, 100°C, 10h with solvent.
Comparative Research on Properties of Trivalent and Hexavalent Passive Film on Galvanized Steel
Authors: Guo Xiao Fei , Wang Yue , Sun Hua
Published: December 2011

The anticorrosive performances of various kinds of conversion films including hexavalent and trivalent chromium passivation were studied on galvanized steel. The hexavalent and trivalent passivations showed similar protection tendency in the corrosion tests, but the hexavalent passivation had slightly better results than trivalent one. It was found the difference in the corrosion resistance given by the two films was attributed to the difference of their morphology and thickness by SEM test, for the hexavalent film was denser, smoother and thicker. Using EDS and XRD experiments, it was found that the hexavalent and trivalent passive films had the same chemical element but different components. Considering the environmental protection, the trivalent passivation will have better developing prospect in the near future.
Novel Methods to Extract Vanadium from Vanadium Slag by Liquid Oxidation Technology
Authors: Liu Hui Bin , Liu Biao , Li Lan Jie , Zheng Shi Li , Du Hao , Wang Shao Na , Chen Dong Hui , Qi Jian , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2011

A series of new green metallurgical processes have been proposed and developed to improve the recovery of vanadium and chromium in vanadium slag, and solve the environmental problems occurred in the traditional production process. The reactivity of three reaction media including sub-molten potassium hydroxide, sub-molten sodium hydroxide, and NaOH-NaNO3 binary molten salt medium has been examined and compared. In comparison with the traditional sodium salt roasting technology, which operates at 850 °C, the operation temperature in the new media can drop to 200~450°C, significantly decreasing the energy consumption. Chemical conversion ratio of vanadium and chromium using the new reaction media could reach to above 95% and 80%, respectively, superior to the traditional technology. For in the latter technology the data is 80% for vanadium and only 10% for chromium. Thus, the application of such reaction media in the processing of vanadium slag has been proven to be feasible and attractive, and the processes developed based on such media are expected to replace the traditional roasting process in the near future.
Study on Desorption of Ethanol-Loaded Activated Carbon by Microwave Irradiation under Vacuum Condition
Authors: Feng Quan Li , Lian Ming Lei , Ma Lin Zhuang , Wang Xue Qian , Ning Ping
Published: December 2011

The ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory has an advantage that no restriction exists for the type of pure component isotherm. One can choose the isotherm that fits the experimental data best. However, the theory requires a lot of numerical calculation, including numerical integration. This study shows that IAS needs very accurate values of numerical integration when the D-R equation is used as a single component isotherm. The error of numerical integration should be set to be no larger than 10-7. Otherwise the error of numerical calculation will occur, which may increase prediction deviation.
Modification of Mesoporous CaZr4(PO4)6 and its Acid Catalytic Performance
Authors: Si Tian , Zhu Lin Hua
Published: December 2011

A series of new type acid catalyst samples based on mesoporous CaZr4(PO4)6(CZP) belonging to NZP family synthesized by sol-gel method was obtained by Al, La, B incorporation in CZP or by heteropoly acid H3PW12O7•xH2O(HPW) loading on CZP, and their acid catalytic activity and selectivity were investigated by using α-pinene isomerization as a probe reaction. The phase, pore structure and surface acidity of the catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) respectively. The results showed that the surface acidity of CZP modified by elements incorporation and HPW loading was improved in a different extent. The conversion of α-pinene at 150 °C reached to 41 % over the catalyst sample noted as Al-CZP-0.15 in which the mole ratio of Al to Zr was 0.15. Under the same reaction conditions, the conversion of α-pinene was above 95 % over the CZP supported with 20-30wt. %HPW.
Effects of Emulsifier Blends on Stability of Synthesized Emulsions Used in Automobile Filter Paper
Authors: Liu Wen Bo , Jin Hai Lan , Liu Jia Wei , Yu Gang
Published: December 2011

In this work, acrylic acid and N-methylolacrylamide were used as functional monomers for preparation of styrene-acrylic emulsion, in combination with styrene and acrylic ester, as primary monomers. Also, 4 optimized emulsifier blends, including OP-10/FR-1, ER-30/FR-1, S-201/RE610, and CO-630/OF-40, were employed. A series of styrene-acrylic emulsion for automobile filter paper was successfully synthesized by preemulsification and semicontimuous copolymerization methods. The dilution stability, electrolyte stability, freeze-thaw stability, viscosity, pH and particle structure of emulsions after different storage time were monitored; the water resistance, bursting strength, stiffness of automobile filter paper after application were tested to study the effects of storage time. The results showed that the emulsions had good storage stability, while using all the 4 emulsifier blends. The pH value of emulsions decreased slowly, viscosity, dilution stability, particle size and distribution of emulsions were good; stabilities of freeze-thaw, storage and electrolyte changed slightly. Emulsions from emulsifier blends of OP-10/FR-1, ER-30/FR-1 and CO-630/OF-40 gave good water resistance property to filter paper. After 6 months, the paper bursting strength was almost unchanged, although the emulsion was stored for 6 months. The stiffness of papers reached the highest value, when the emulsion was stored for 2 weeks, and kept consistent until storage time of 6 months.
Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde with Fe/Cu-Cross-Linked Montmorillonite
Authors: Zhang Xue Ju , Song He , Guo Xiang Feng , Jia Li Hua
Published: December 2011

The Fe/Cu-cross-linked montmorillonite catalysts were synthesized with Linan Na-Mont and characterized by BET, SEM, XRD. Liquid-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by hydrogen peroxide over Fe/Cu-PILC catalyst in the absence of solvent has been thoroughly investigated. The influence of reaction conditions has also been studied. The results show that Fe/Cu(100)-PILC has excellent activity and reusability in the process. The active oxygen species in the reaction is from the absorbed oxygen of Fe/Cu-PILC.