bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalyzing green change: The impact of tech‐savvy leaders on innovative behaviors
Authors: Olya Hossein , Ahmad Muhammad Shakil , Abdulaziz Tamer Ahmed , Khairy Hazem Ahmed , Fayyad Sameh , Lee Choong‐Ki
Published: June 2024

Global corporations face a significant challenge in addressing the lack of green innovation. Thus, this study develops a conceptual model to unveil the role of leader competencies in “smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, algorithms” (STARA) in promoting employees' green innovative behaviors. The study strives to analyze the mediating effect of green crafting behavior on the impact of leader STARA competencies on green innovative behavior. Additionally, the study tests the moderating roles of STARA awareness and employee promotion focus on the relationship between leader STARA competencies and green crafting behavior. Data were collected from 319 employees to test the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. Findings reveal that leader STARA competencies drive employee green innovative behavior through green crafting behavior. Furthermore, STARA awareness and employee promotion focus moderate the influence of leader STARA competencies on green crafting behavior. Our research develops practical implications to improve leaders' STARA competencies, which could impact employees' green innovative behaviors.
Verification of neuromorphic processing accuracy against non‐ideal errors in synapse‐based neural network systems
Authors: Jo Hwi Jeong , Kang Minil , Um Minseong , Kim Juhee , Kwon Kon‐Woo , Kim Seyoung , Lee Hyung‐Min
Published: June 2024

The synapse‐based neuromorphic systems for deep neural network (DNN) require neuron read/update circuit blocks which specifications depend on the synapse components. In this study, we implemented and verified the dedicated circuit system to operate the three‐terminal analog synaptic memory cells, electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM), for multi‐bit analog neuromorphic computing. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the noise/offset generated by the neuron circuit systems and synapse cell arrays, which can affect the neuromorphic processing accuracy, by using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database (MNIST) dataset. The experiments with MNIST datasets were conducted in two ways: by performing ideal inference simulations with MATLAB and experiments with the neuromorphic system board. The results of the ideal inference simulation and experiment were 97.4% and 96.92%, respectively. The accuracy of 97.31% was measured when the weight of the hidden layer was set with the fixed resistance values to confirm the effectiveness of the synapse cells. According to the results, the effects of synapse cells and neuron circuits to the processing accuracy were 0.09% and 0.39%, respectively. Also, this MNIST experiments verified that about 10% or smaller variations of weight values in the synapse cells lead to negligible effects on processing accuracy through the training and inference.
Phenomenological modeling of fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators at multiple lateral deformation levels
Authors: Montalto Eduardo J. , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Ankem Neerav M.
Published: June 2024

Unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are a cost‐effective seismic isolation technology that uses lightweight fiber‐fabric reinforcement and forgoes the attachment plates connecting the isolators to the supports. These devices exhibit a complex nonlinear mechanical behavior under lateral deformation, which has typically been represented by uniaxial phenomenological models. In this paper, a new model, called Pivot Bouc–Wen model, is proposed to address the shortcomings of existing numerical models and obtain a better prediction of the response over the whole range of motion. The model has been formulated with the objective of providing (a) improved interpretability of the model parameters, (b) adequate energy dissipation prediction at multiple deformation levels, and (c) stable response at large deformations. The model combines a nonlinear elastic spring and a Bouc–Wen element with a modified pivot hysteresis rule to capture the lateral response of the isolators at different deformation amplitudes. Initial values for the model parameters are recommended based on existing analytical formulations of the quasi‐static lateral response of FREIs and data corresponding to 36 cyclic tests from 12 different experimental programs. The proposed and existing models are compared in their ability to predict the lateral cyclic test results from a previous experimental study. The models are further compared via response history analyses of idealized one, two, three and four‐story base‐isolated shear buildings subjected to 30 ground motions at different intensity levels. The results highlight the importance of capturing the hysteretic response of the isolators at multiple deformation levels and not only at the maximum expected displacement.
Bio‐inspired hierarchical bamboo‐based air filters for efficient removal of particulate matter and toxic gases
Authors: Gao Qi , Gan Jian , Wang Pixiang , Huang Yuxiang , Zhang Daihui , Yu Wenji
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is caused by the perilous accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and harmful gas molecules of different sizes. There is an urgent need to develop highly efficient air filtration systems capable of removing particles with a wide size distribution. However, the efficiency of current air filters is compromised by controlling their hierarchical pore size. Inspired by the graded filtration mechanisms in the human respiratory system, microporous ZIF‐67 is in situ synthesized on a 3D interconnected network of bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) to fabricate a multiscale porous filter with a comprehensive pore size distribution. The macropores between the BCFs, mesopores formed by the BCF microfibers, and micropores within the ZIF‐67 synergistically facilitate the removal of particulates of different sizes. The filtration capabilities of PM2.5 and PM0.3 could reach 99.3% and 98.6%, respectively, whereas the adsorption of formaldehyde is 88.7% within 30 min. In addition, the filter exhibits excellent antibacterial properties (99.9%), biodegradability (80.1% degradation after 14 days), thermal stability, and skin‐friendly properties (0 irritation). This study may inspire the research of using natural features of renewable resources to design high‐performance air‐filtration materials for various applications.
Improving data quality in online parenting research
Authors: Kaylor‐Tapscott Makena L. , Tolliver‐Lynn Maddison N. , Sullivan Maureen A.
Published: June 2024

Online surveys provide many benefits for researchers but are vulnerable to fraudulent responders that threaten data quality. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of current detection strategies after noting patterns in our data. We systematically reviewed responses (N = 180) from parenting studies utilizing two online platforms. Respondents were categorized as accepted (n = 45) or fraudulent (n = 135), and responses on standardized measures were examined to determine if fraudulent scores differed. Accepted participants were predominately female (98.4%) and White (67.9%). Average caregiver age was 40.61 (SD = 7.37) on Qualtrics and 59.88 (SD = 6.01) on REDCap. The majority of fraudulent responders reported being female (62.1%) and White (80.6%), with average caregiver ages of 37.83 (SD = 7.35) for Qualtrics and 56.16 (SD = 8.86) for REDCap. Fraudulent responders had significantly higher median scores on measures of caregiver distress (rDASS = 0.21) and child behavioural problems (rCBCL = 0.33). Previously recommended strategies were insufficient at preventing and identifying fraudulent responders. Recommendations for improving these strategies are discussed.

Highlights

The current paper includes experiences using multiple strategies to detect fraudulent responders in two online parenting studies.

Improvements to previously recommended strategies and an example review form are included to aid researchers in detecting fraudulent responders.
Moral foundations theory and consumer behavior
Authors: Goenka Shreyans , Thomas Manoj
Published: June 2024

Ramos et al. (Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2024) explain the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) and discuss its applicability to explain marketing persuasion, consumer emotions, and prosocial behavior. We concur with Ramos et al. but suggest that the scope for MFT in consumer behavior is much broader – it can be used to investigate heterogeneity in consumers' moral utility. Specifically, we discuss how MFT can be used to investigate heterogeneity in product preferences, consumers' financial choices, consumer reactions to brand activism, and market regulation. We conclude by discussing three important challenges of using MFT in consumer research – causal identification, discriminant validity, and scientific objectivity.
An examination of the effect of exercise and creatine monohydrate on oral tissues
Authors: Dogan Mehmet Sinan , Celik Hakim , Türedi Sibel , Taskın Abdullah , Dogan Mehmet Emin , Yıldız Şemsettin
Published: June 2024

Although physical exercise is extremely important for health and a good lifestyle, it can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine changes in dental tissues and the mandible created by creatines monohydrate (CrM) supplementation together with low and high‐intensity exercise (HIE). The study material comprised Balb/c male mices, which were separated into two groups for the application of low and HIE on a running band. CrM supplement was administered together with the exercise. At the end of the experiment period, dental tissue samples were surgically removed and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically (TNF‐α and lL‐1β).As a result of the histopathological examinations, in the pulp, oedema, vascular congestion, and capillary dilatation were seen to be statistically significantly increased in the Group 3 mices that performed HIE compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant increase was observed in periodontal ligament (PDL) degeneration, and disruption of the continuity and separation of collagen fibers in Group 3 compared to the control group (p = 0.001). In the immunohistochemical examination, TNF‐α and IL‐1β positivity was observed in Group 3, and this was significantly increased compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.000).Exposure of the mices to low and HIE caused histological and immunohistochemical changes in dental pulp and PDL, and it was determined that the use of CrM could have a protective effect against these changes.

Research Highlights

The results of this study showed negative effects of HIE in the dental pulp and PDL, which play an important role in dental health.

CrM was seen to be effective in preventing these negative effects.
Variability of rainy season onsets over East Africa
Authors: Mwangi Emmah , MacLeod Dave , Kniveton Dominic , Todd Martin C.
Published: June 2024

Over the East Africa region forecasts of the onset of the rainy seasons have the potential to support decision‐making, especially in the largely rain‐fed agricultural sector. However, the understanding of key features of onset remains limited. Here, we analyse the variability of onset and associated drivers at interannual and subseasonal timescales, using several onset definitions. Results show that the onset date is especially variable from year to year in some of the high‐potential agricultural areas (standard deviation >20 days), which has implications for agricultural risk management. The choice of onset definition metric matters; agronomic definitions have limited applicability at the regional scale and are also highly sensitive to the spatial scale of analysis and to the choice of rainfall data. Onset information provided at coarse scales should be used with caution for decision‐making at the local scale; the “hit rate” of coarse‐scale tercile onset information at the local scale is less than 40% on average. To varying degrees, onset is related to total seasonal rainfall and thus to dominant interannual drivers of rainfall, including the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO modes in October–December and the western Pacific “V‐gradient” pattern in March–May. However, by analysing the dominant proportion of onset variance unrelated to total rainfall during the climatological season we show a substantial influence of subseasonal drivers, notably the Madden–Julian Oscillation. As such, there is an opportunity for rainfall onset information to be provided across seasonal and subseasonal timescales. Our work reinforces the need for enhanced co‐production of such onset information with stakeholders, especially regarding the choice of metric, alignment of forecasts with livelihood calendars, interpretation of the credibility of information content for local‐level decision‐making, as well as appropriate strategies for staggered risk management interventions informed by forecasts over “seamless” lead times.
Diverse Functions of Parkin in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Song Pingping , Krainc Dimitri
Published: June 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by preferential degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons that contributes to its typical clinical manifestation. Mutations in the parkin gene (PARK2) represent a relatively common genetic cause of early onset PD. Parkin has been implicated in PINK1‐dependent mitochondrial quantity control by targeting dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosomes via mitophagy. Recent evidence suggests that parkin can be activated in PINK1‐independent manner to regulate synaptic function in human dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal activity triggers CaMKII‐mediated activation of parkin and its recruitment to synaptic vesicles where parkin promotes binding of synaptojanin‐1 to endophilin A1 and facilitates vesicle endocytosis. In PD patient neurons, disruption of this pathway on loss of parkin leads to defective recycling of synaptic vesicles and accumulation of toxic oxidized dopamine that at least in part explains preferential vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. These findings suggest a convergent mechanism for PD‐linked mutations in parkin, synaptojanin‐1, and endophilin A1 and highlight synaptic dysfunction as an early pathogenic event in PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Some Darbo‐type fixed‐point theorems in the modular space and existence of solution for fractional ordered 2019‐nCoV mathematical model
Authors: Nikam Vishal , Shukla A. K. , Gopal Dhananjay , Sumalai Phumin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and stability of a solution to the time fractional parameters
of Atangana–Baleanu fractional ordered 2019‐nCoV model. For the existence of the solution, we derive Darbo‐type fixed‐point theorems and its corollaries for
‐admissible and
‐condensing operator in the setting of modular space. Moreover, the stability analysis and behavior of solution are analyzed by the numerical technique governed by Toufik and Atangana [1].
On steady solutions to the MHD equations with inhomogeneous generalized impermeability boundary conditions for the magnetic field
Authors: Neustupa Jiří , Perisetti Mahendranath , Yang Minsuk
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with the steady MHD equations for a viscous incompressible fluid in a bounded and generally multiply connected domain
with the no‐slip boundary condition for the velocity
and inhomogeneous generalized impermeability boundary conditions for the magnetic field
. The main results concern an appropriate definition of the weak solution
, its existence, continuous dependence on the data when the data tend to zero, and uniqueness in a “small” neighborhood of the zero solution
.
Impact of skills development on youth unemployment: A fractional‐order mathematical model
Authors: Bansal Komal , Mathur Trilok
Published: June 2024

The global impact of high unemployment rates has significant economic and social consequences. To overcome this, various skill development programs are initiated by governments of developing countries. But the problem of unemployment is still increasing day by day. So, there is a pressing necessity to revise the current policies and models. Therefore, this research proposes a fractional‐order mathematical model that examines the impact of various skill development programs for youths. The proposed model incorporates fractional‐order differential equations to capture the complex dynamics of unemployment. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of training programs aimed at enhancing the abilities of unemployed individuals, with the ultimate goal of reducing the overall unemployment rate. The reproduction number is calculated using the next‐generation matrix approach, which is crucial for both the existence and stability analysis of the equilibria. When the reproduction number is less than 1, the employment‐free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable. The employment‐persistence equilibrium point emerges only when the reproduction number exceeds one. We also explore the possibility of transcritical bifurcation and investigate the impact of skill development on the unemployment rate. We conduct numerical simulations to validate our analytical findings, further supporting our qualitative conclusions. These simulations help illustrate the unemployment dynamics and confirm the stability and behavior of the equilibrium points predicted by the mathematical model.
Data‐informed uncertainty quantification for laser‐based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Chiappetta Mihaela , Piazzola Chiara , Tamellini Lorenzo , Reali Alessandro , Auricchio Ferdinando , Carraturo Massimo
Published: June 2024

We present an efficient approach to quantify the uncertainties associated with the numerical simulations of the laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals processes. Our study focuses on a thermomechanical model of an Inconel 625 cantilever beam, based on the AMBench2018‐01 benchmark proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The proposed approach consists of a forward uncertainty quantification analysis of the residual strains of the cantilever beam given the uncertainty in some of the parameters of the numerical simulation, namely the powder convection coefficient and the activation temperature. The uncertainty on such parameters is modelled by a data‐informed probability density function obtained by a Bayesian inversion procedure, based on the displacement experimental data provided by NIST. To overcome the computational challenges of both the Bayesian inversion and the forward uncertainty quantification analysis we employ a multi‐fidelity surrogate modelling technique, specifically the multi‐index stochastic collocation method. The proposed approach allows us to achieve a 33% reduction in the uncertainties on the prediction of residual strains compared with what we would get basing the forward UQ analysis on a‐priori ranges for the uncertain parameters, and in particular the mode of the probability density function of such quantities (i.e., its “most likely value”, roughly speaking) results to be in good agreement with the experimental data provided by NIST, even though only displacement data were used for the Bayesian inversion procedure.
Associations Between Race and Survival Outcomes Among Veterans With Head and Neck Cancer in a Racially Diverse Setting
Authors: Walsh Amanda R. , Giurintano Jonathan P. , Maxwell Jessica H. , Shah Anuja H. , Haupt Thomas L. , Wadley Andrew E. , Kowkuntla Sandeep R. , Habib Andy M. , Shah Veranca
Published: June 2024

Objective

There is limited data on the impact of clinical‐demographic factors on survival outcomes among veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of race and other factors on overall survival (OS) in a population of veterans with HNSCC treated with curative intent.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data were collected on veterans with HNSCC treated with curative intent at our institution between 1999 and 2021. The primary outcome was 3‐year OS. Secondary outcomes included treatment delay intervals, including time to treatment initiation (TTI), total package time, and duration of chemoradiation (DCRT).

Results

Of 260 veterans with HNSCC, black veterans had significantly lower 3‐year OS (49.4%) compared to white veterans (65%, P = .019). Black veterans were also more likely to experience delays in treatment initiation (median TTI 46 vs 41 days; P = .047). Black patients were more likely to receive radiation alone (25.8% [black] vs 8.4% [white]; P < .001) and less likely to receive adjuvant therapy if treated surgically (11.1% [black] vs 22.4% [white]; P = .004), despite any statistically significant difference in stage of their tumor at presentation (Stage I: 21.2% [black] vs 19.6% [white]; P = .372); (Stage IV: 44.4% [black] vs 48.6% [white]; P = .487). Other factors associated with worse 3‐year OS included older age (P = .023), lower body mass index (P = .026), neurocognitive disorder/dementia (P = .037), mental health disorders (P = .020), hypopharyngeal primary (P = .001), higher stage disease (P = .002), treatment type (P = .001), need for prophylactic gastrostomy tube (P = .048) or tracheotomy (P = .005), recurrent disease (P = .036), persistent disease (P < .001), distant metastases (P = .002), longer TTI (P = .0362), and longer DCRT (P = .004).

Discussion

Black race appears to be an independent predictor of 3‐year OS in veterans with HNSCC. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors responsible for disparities in survival.

Implications for Practice

This study evaluated the ways in which race affects survival for US veterans with head and neck cancer. The authors found that black veterans had an increased risk of death compared to white patients, and also experienced delays when receiving treatment.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
The Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxyapatite Repair of Cholesteatoma Skull Base Defects
Authors: Shah Rema , Reeder Allison , Wilkins Sarah G. , Kveton John , Schwartz Nofrat
Published: June 2024

Objective

To investigate the possibility of hydroxyapatite as a safe and effective alternative to currently used bioavailable materials for repair of tegmen defects and labyrinthine fistulas in the setting of cholesteatoma.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary‐level‐care hospital.

Methods

Electronic medical records of patients 18+ years undergoing cholesteatoma‐removal surgery between 2013 and 2022 were reviewed.

Results

Twenty‐two patients diagnosed with cholesteatoma who underwent repair of either a tegmen defect or labyrinthine fistula using hydroxyapatite were evaluated. There were 17 canal wall up (CWU) and 5 canal wall down (CWD) surgeries. The cholesteatoma recidivism rate was 18.2% (n = 4) and the recurrence rate was 4.5% (n = 1). To ensure that these rates were similar to cholesteatoma‐removal surgeries in which hydroxyapatite was not used, a 22 age, gender, and operative technique‐matched cohort was evaluated. For patients with CWU surgeries, the rate of recurrence and recidivism were identical between both cohorts (0% and 23.5%, respectively; P = 1 for both). While in CWD surgeries, there was a nonstatistically significant difference in the recurrence as there was only 1 patient with recurrence in the hydroxyapatite group (P = 1). Three (13.5%) patients in the hydroxyapatite group had a local infection and 1 (4.5%) had a subacute mastoid infection. All patients with semicircular canal fistulas had consistent bone lines on postoperative audiograms, with no worsening sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion

In our cohort, hydroxyapatite was safe and successful in repairing skull base defects and inner‐ear fistulas in the setting of cholesteatoma with a low rate of postoperative infection and no evidence of a higher rate of cholesteatoma recurrence. Further studies are needed to assess population generalizability.
Use of expanded perlite as green filler for the preparation of EPDM‐perlite rubber composites with improved thermal stability and insulation properties
Authors: Çavdaroğlu Cennet , Olgun Uğursoy , Altuncu Ekrem
Published: June 2024

The present study investigated the use of expanded perlite (e‐perlite) as a sustainable and cost‐effective filler for EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber composites. Various amounts of e‐perlite were incorporated into EPDM to assess its impact on the composite properties, such as curing characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, crosslink density, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, surface roughness, and contact angle. The composite with 15 phr of e‐perlite exhibited approximately 20% higher crosslink density and a 12% increase in hardness, while slight decreases were observed in elongation at break and tensile strength. The FE‐SEM (field emission‐scanning electron microscopy), atomic force microscopy, and contact angle analysis have been performed to investigate the surface morphology and the hydrophobicity. The thermal properties of the composites were assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, thermal aging tests, and thermal conductivity measurements. The results showed that e‐perlite significantly improved the aging resistance and the thermal stability. The composites with 15 phr e‐perlite exhibited a 21% reduction in thermal conductivity and enhanced thermal isolation properties compared to the EPDM composite without e‐perlite. This work demonstrated the potential utilization of e‐perlite in EPDM as a green sustainable filler to enhance the thermal insulation and the stability properties of the composites, which may have practical applications in automotive, aerospace, construction, and electronic industries.

Highlights

E‐perlite enhances the thermal insulation property of EPDM rubber composites.

Higher e‐perlite content increases composite hardness and crosslink density.

The thermal conductivity of EPDM is reduced by increasing e‐perlite content.

EPDM/e‐perlite exhibits improved thermal stability and aging resistance.

Potential uses in automotive, aerospace, construction, and defense industries.
Study of thermally conductive polyurethane/boron nitride composite fibers: Fabrication, characterization, properties and textile applications
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Zhang Jiajing , Xia Liangjun , Hu Xiaoqing , Zhang Chunhua , Liu Xin
Published: June 2024

Polyurethane resin (PU) and boron nitride (BN) are used to develop a series of boron nitride/polyurethane (BN/PU) composite fibers by a wet‐spinning method. The thermal conductivity of the composite fibers was improved by blending modified thermally conductive particles with polymer. The improvement of thermal conductivity depends largely on the interfacial effect between them. The results show that PU composite fabric filled with BN functionalized with polyethylenimine and glutaraldehyde (GPBN/PUF) has a high thermal conductivity, revealing an increase of 226% compared to the PU fabric. The GPBN/PUF fabric can reduce the simulated skin temperature by 2.3°C compared with conventional cotton fabric. Additionally, the as‐prepared GPBN/PUF fabric possesses good mechanical stability and washability. This work provides a strategy for developing flexible heat‐conducting fabric.

Highlights

The stability of the PEI coating formed on the BN surface was significantly improved by GA cross‐linking.

The composite fiber fabric has improved thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties.

The composite fiber fabric can dissipate heat quickly in practical applications.
Preparation and properties of triphenyl octylphosphonium bromide‐modified vermiculite and its PBAT composite films
Authors: Zhan Xiao , Shang Xiaoyu , Zhou Teng , Zhang Daohai , Qin Shuhao
Published: June 2024

As living standards improve, there is a growing demand for fresher, healthier and more sustainable food options, with a concomitant challenge to develop new biodegradable packaging. This investigation centres around the synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salt (triphenyl octylphosphonium bromide P8) and use it to modify vermiculite (VMT). The structure of P8 was determined using both NMR and FTIR. The structural investigation and performance analysis of P8‐modified vermiculite (P8@VMT) were carried out by particle size, XRD, FTIR and microstructure. In addition, P8@VMT/PBAT composite films were prepared by solution method using PBAT as matrix material and P8@VMT as filler. The properties of P8@VMT/PBAT composite films were compared to those of pure PBAT films using TGA, DSC, SEM, and antibacterial tests. Results showed that the melting and crystallization temperatures of P8@VMT/PBAT composite films were higher than those of pure PBAT films. However, increasing the content of P8@VMT led to a decrease in thermal stability as well as melting enthalpy, crystallization enthalpy, and crystallinity. On the other hand, loss modulus, storage modulus, and complex viscosity significantly increased with the addition of P8@VMT. Compared to pure PBAT film, P8@VMT/PBAT‐20% composites exhibited a 19.6% reduction in tensile strength and a 94.7% decrease in elongation at break due to the presence of quaternary phosphonium salt (P8) used as a modifier for VMT during melt blending method preparation.

Highlights

Quaternary phosphonium salt P8 was successfully synthesized.

PBAT/P8@VMT composite films with different P8@VMT were prepared.

P8@VMT improves compatibility between VMT and PBAT.

PBAT/P8@VMT composite films have antimicrobial effects.

The PBAT/P8@VMT composite films are biodegradable.
Multi‐objective optimization of 3D printing process parameters using gray‐based Taguchi for composite PLA parts
Authors: Tunçel Oğuz , Tüfekci Kenan , Kahya Çağlar
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the additive manufacturing (AM) process of 30% ceramic‐reinforced composite PLA material using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The effects of various printing parameters on tensile strength, build time, and material consumption are comprehensively analyzed through a combination of the Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and gray relational analysis (GRA). Experimental design parameters include nozzle diameter, infill density, infill pattern, wall line count, print speed, and layer height. Statistical analyses reveal significant contributions of these parameters to mechanical properties and production efficiency. Single and multi‐objective optimizations of the responses were performed. The single optimization resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 39.9 to 48.10 MPa. Production time was reduced from 16 to 9 min; material consumption decreased from 4.95 to 2.43 g for tensile test specimens. The use of GRA in multi‐objective optimization has led to a significant improvement of 8.31% in the gray relational grade (GRG) when compared to the initial parameter settings. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing FDM processes in the fabrication of composite PLA materials. This contributes towards the advancement of additive manufacturing technology and its applications across various industries. and its applications across various industries.

Highlights

Tensile strength increased while reducing build time and material consumption.

Optimal printing parameters were identified for a composite PLA material.

Layer height and nozzle diameter were effective parameters.
Alternative splicing of the conserved drug‐resistant orthologue FpNcb2 is associated with its nuclear accumulation of products and full virulence of Fusarium pseudograminearum
Authors: Zhao Peiyi , Peng Mengya , Zhang Shiyu , Dong Zaifang , Liu Min , Xing Xiaoping , Shi Yan , Li Honglian , Chen Linlin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Negative cofactor 2 NC2β (Ncb2 or Dr1) is the beta subunit of a conserved heterodimeric regulator of transcription negative cofactor 2 (NC2) complex that has been identified as key regulator of drug resistance in model fungi. However, its role in plant pathogens is still unclear.

RESULTS

We identified an NC2β orthologue, FpNcb2, in Fusarium pseudograminearum, which is not only a significant regulatory function in drug resistance, but also essential for growth, conidiation and penetration. Moreover, FpNcb2 undergoes alternative splicing which creates two mRNA isoforms. As a putative CCAAT binding protein, FpNcb2 concentrates in the nuclei, contributing to the expression of two spliced mRNA of FpNcb2 in hypha, conidiophores and conidia, with exception of FpNcb2ISOA in germlings. Expression of each spliced mRNA of FpNcb2 in Δfpncb2 mutant could full complement the defects on growth, conidiation and fungicides sensitivity to that of wild type. However, FpNcb2ISOA and FpNcb2ISOB have different effects on virulence. FpNcb2 acts as a regulator for the transcription of some genes encoding drug efflux and hydrolases.

CONCLUSION

Our analysis showed the existence of alternative mRNA splicing in the NC2β orthologue, which is associated with protein subcellular localization and fungal virulence. The further elucidation of the target genes of NC2β will provide insights into the potential regulation mechanisms in the antifungal resistance and pathogenesis of F. pseudograminearum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A belowground perspective on the nexus between biodiversity change, climate change, and human well‐being
Authors: Eisenhauer Nico , Frank Karin , Weigelt Alexandra , Bartkowski Bartosz , Beugnon Rémy , Liebal Katja , Mahecha Miguel , Quaas Martin , Al‐Halbouni Djamil , Bastos Ana , Bohn Friedrich J. , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Denzler Joachim , Feilhauer Hannes , Fischer Rico , Fritsche Immo , Guimaraes‐Steinicke Claudia , Hänsel Martin , Haun Daniel B. M. , Herrmann Hartmut , Huth Andreas , Kalesse‐Los Heike , Koetter Michael , Kolleck Nina , Krause Melanie , Kretschmer Marlene , Leitão Pedro J. , Masson Torsten , Mora Karin , Müller Birgit , Peng Jian , Pöhlker Mira L. , Ratzke Leonie , Reichstein Markus , Richter Solveig , Rüger Nadja , Sánchez‐Parra Beatriz , Shadaydeh Maha , Sippel Sebastian , Tegen Ina , Thrän Daniela , Umlauft Josefine , Wendisch Manfred , Wolf Kevin , Wirth Christian , Zacher Hannes , Zaehle Sönke , Quaas Johannes
Published: June 2024

Soil is central to the complex interplay among biodiversity, climate, and society. This paper examines the interconnectedness of soil biodiversity, climate change, and societal impacts, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated solutions. Human‐induced biodiversity loss and climate change intensify environmental degradation, threatening human well‐being. Soils, rich in biodiversity and vital for ecosystem function regulation, are highly vulnerable to these pressures, affecting nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and resilience. Soil also crucially regulates climate, influencing energy, water cycles, and carbon storage. Yet, climate change poses significant challenges to soil health and carbon dynamics, amplifying global warming. Integrated approaches are essential, including sustainable land management, policy interventions, technological innovations, and societal engagement. Practices like agroforestry and organic farming improve soil health and mitigate climate impacts. Effective policies and governance are crucial for promoting sustainable practices and soil conservation. Recent technologies aid in monitoring soil biodiversity and implementing sustainable land management. Societal engagement, through education and collective action, is vital for environmental stewardship. By prioritizing interdisciplinary research and addressing key frontiers, scientists can advance understanding of the soil biodiversity–climate change–society nexus, informing strategies for environmental sustainability and social equity.
REDOMA: Bayesian random‐effects dose‐optimization meta‐analysis using spike‐and‐slab priors
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Han , Kwiatkowski Evan , Lee J. Jack , Lin Ruitao
Published: June 2024

The rise of cutting‐edge precision cancer treatments has led to a growing significance of the optimal biological dose (OBD) in modern oncology trials. These trials now prioritize the consideration of both toxicity and efficacy simultaneously when determining the most desirable dosage for treatment. Traditional approaches in early‐phase oncology trials have conventionally relied on the assumption of a monotone relationship between treatment efficacy and dosage. However, this assumption may not hold valid for novel oncology therapies. In reality, the dose‐efficacy curve of such treatments may reach a plateau at a specific dose, posing challenges for conventional methods in accurately identifying the OBD. Furthermore, achieving reliable identification of the OBD is typically not possible based on a single small‐sample trial. With data from multiple phase I and phase I/II trials, we propose a novel Bayesian random‐effects dose‐optimization meta‐analysis (REDOMA) approach to identify the OBD by synthesizing toxicity and efficacy data from each trial. The REDOMA method can address trials with heterogeneous characteristics. We adopt a curve‐free approach based on a Gamma process prior to model the average dose‐toxicity relationship. In addition, we utilize a Bayesian model selection framework that uses the spike‐and‐slab prior as an automatic variable selection technique to eliminate monotonic constraints on the dose‐efficacy curve. The good performance of the REDOMA method is confirmed by extensive simulation studies.
Black Titanium Oxide/Activated TaS2 Flakes Photoelectrode for Plasmon Assisted Hydrogen Evolution at Neutral pH at High Current Density
Authors: Severa Kamil , Buravets Vladislav , Burtsev Vasilii , Zabelina Anna , Hrbek Tomas , Kolska Zdenka , Fitl Premysl , Svorcik Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy
Published: June 2024

A heterojunction photo‐electrode(s) consisting of porous black titanium oxide (bTiO2) and electrochemically self‐activated TaS2 flakes is proposed and utilized for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The self‐activated TaS2 flakes provide abundant catalytic sites for HER and the porous bTiO2, prepared by electrochemical anodization and subsequent reduction serves as an efficient light absorber, providing electrons for HER. Additionally, Au nanostructures are introduced between bTiO2 and TaS2 to facilitate the charge transfer and plasmon‐triggering ability of the structure created. After structure optimization, high HER catalytic activity at acidic pH and excellent HER activity at neutral pH are achieved at high current densities. In particular, with the utilization of bTiO2@TaS2 photoelectrode (neutral electrolyte, sunlight illumination) current densities of 250 and 500 mA cm−2 are achieved at overpotentials of 433, and 689 mV, respectively, both exceeding the “benchmark” Pt. The addition of gold nanostructures further reduces the overpotential to 360 and 543 mV at 250 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. The stability of the prepared electrodes is investigated and found to be satisfying within 24 h of performance at high current densities. The proposed system offers an excellent potential alternative to Pt for the development of green hydrogen production on an industrial scale.
Low‐Temperature Methane Activation Reaction Pathways over Mechanochemically‐Generated Ce4+/Cu+ Interfacial Sites
Authors: Mauri Silvia , Calligaro Rudy , Pauletti Carlo Federico , Camellone Matteo Farnesi , Boaro Marta , Braglia Luca , Fabris Stefano , Piccinin Simone , Torelli Piero , Trovarelli Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Methane is a valuable resource and its valorization is an important challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Here it is shown that CeO2/CuO composite prepared by ball milling activates methane at a temperature as low as 250 °C. In contrast to conventionally prepared catalysts, the formation of partial oxidation products such as methanol and formaldehyde is also observed. Through an in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and operando Near Edge X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) approach, it can be established that this unusual reactivity can be attributed to the presence of Ce4+/Cu+ interfaces generated through a redox exchange between Ce3+ and Cu2+ atoms facilitated by the mechanical energy supplied during milling. DFT modeling of the electronic properties confirms the existence of a charge transfer mechanism. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and distinctiveness of the mechanical approach in creating unique and resilient interfaces thereby enabling the optimization and refining of CeO2/CuO catalysts in methane activation reactions.
Synergistic Passivation on Buried Interface for Highly Efficient and Stable p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Bo , Lin Changqing , Yao Ruohe , Yu Huangzhong , Wang Hong
Published: June 2024

The properties of an interface at the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite layer are crucial for the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), especially the buried interface between HTL and perovskite layer. Here, a molecular named potassium 1‐trifluoroboratomethylpiperidine (3FPIP) assistant‐modified perovskite bottom interface strategy is proposed to improve the charge transfer capability and balances energy level between HTL and perovskite. BF3− in the 3FPIP molecule interacts with undercoordinated Pb2+ to passivate iodine vacancies and enhance PVSCs performance. Furthermore, the infiltration of K+ ions into perovskite molecules enhances the crystallinity and stability of perovskite. Therefore, the PVSCs with the buried interface treatment exhibit a champion performance of 24.6%. More importantly, the corresponding devices represent outstanding ambient stability, remaining at 92% of the initial efficiency after 1200 h. This work provides a new method of buried interface engineering with functional group synergy.
Exploring engineering properties of sustainable multi‐grade concrete: Materials, structural, and environmental aspects
Authors: Iqbal Abdul Mueed , Irfan‐ul‐Hassan Muhammad , Siddiqui Jawad Ahmed , Javed Nasir
Published: June 2024

Through experimental and theoretical studies, this research explores the materials, structural, and environmental aspects of multi‐grade concrete (MGC), a potentially sustainable structural concrete. The experimental part investigates the compressive, split cylinder, flexural, and shear strengths of MGC, essential parameters for the design of structural members composed of MGC. It also provides the relationships between various strengths. The compressive behavior is correlated with the cracking pattern and the confinement effect caused by the end platens. The theoretical study involves determining the carbon emissions (CEs) and modifying ASTM/ACI expressions for the flexural tensile strength (FTS) and shear capacity applicable to MGC. Three uni‐grade concretes (UGCs) with distinct materials, properties, and grades: grade 17 (G17), grade 25 (G25), and grade 30 (G30), were poured in layers of varied thicknesses to make two variants of MGC. Experimental investigations showed that the higher‐strength concrete (HSC) confined the lower‐strength concrete (LSC) part thus increasing the compressive strength. Replacing 50% of LSC with HSC led to an increase in compressive and shear strengths by 21% and 40%, respectively. The shear strength values of reinforced MGC beams observed experimentally are aligned with those obtained through the modified expressions developed by the authors. A trade‐off analysis among the strengths, CEs, and costs of UGC and MGC can aid in selecting MGC customized to specific requirements, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable structural concrete.
Modelling of Demands of Selected Minerals and Metals in Clean Energy Transition with 1.5–2.0 °C Mitigation Targets
Authors: Koljonen Tiina , Lehtilä Antti , Kiviranta Kirsikka , Koponen Kati , Similä Lassi
Published: June 2024

Tackling climate change and the transition to a low-carbon energy system will especially increase the demand for certain minerals and metals, such as cobalt, copper, lithium and rare-earth elements. This raises questions about possible constraints to a clean energy system transition. Environmental and social concerns have also been raised about mining for these minerals in the Global South region. This chapter explores the future demand for selected minerals and metals in long-term scenarios for the global energy system until 2100. The climate policy pathways follow UNFCCC Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), extrapolated until 2100, and immediate action towards limiting warming to 1.5–2 °C. The scenarios have been modelled with the TIMES-VTT Integrated Assessment Model, which includes data on metal demands for renewable energy technologies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) power plant technologies (both fossil and bioenergy with CCS), nuclear power, battery technologies, electrolyzers, and electric vehicles. Our results suggest that to ensure affordable and clean energy access for all (SDG7) along with climate action (SDG13) the demand for mining activities in the Global South will increase rapidly, which raises concerns about inequalities between countries (SDG10). We need socially inclusive solutions and public-private partnerships to make sure that everyone benefits throughout the value chains. Human rights, safe working conditions, and the protection of the local environment in the Global South must be constantly audited to ensure a sustainable transition to clean energy systems.
Retrospective of Prospective Exercises: A Chronicle of Long-Term Modelling and Energy Policymaking in France
Authors: Maïzi Nadia , Assoumou Edi , Millot Ariane
Published: June 2024

The French prospective aims to influence the shaping of the future by exploring different scenarios and evolution, so that long-term challenges are considered in current decision-making. In practice realizing this linkage between modelers and policy makers is itself a process and comes with its own challenges. This chapter reflects on modelling to inform various energy policy assessments in France aligned with SDGs 7 (energy), 8 (economic growth), 9 (industry), 11 (cities) and 13 (climate), across several exercises around the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the nuclear phase-out, the implementation of a 100% renewable power system with its reliability issues and the assessment of carbon value. It is based on our practical experience at the Centre for Applied Mathematics (MINES Paris—Université PSL) where TIMES has been used as a bottom-up optimization approach to offer insights, within extended committees, to French policymakers. The model we developed is the TIMES-FR model where FR stands for France. Our experience reveals that policymakers do not fully harness the wealth of technical insights provided by researchers, as they often prioritize short or mid-term challenges. While policy perspective does not seem to need the precision and comprehensiveness of technical modelling, we show that the insights tend to penetrate at some point in the public debate and policy-making sphere, which emphasizes the relevance of using prospective and energy system models to address climate change.