bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Cross-Cultural and International Teaching, Research, and Service for Higher Education Faculty Members
Authors: Brooks Melanie C. , Brooks Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, we relate themes derived from an analysis of literature related to international collaboration and cross-cultural communication. Our analysis helped identify five critical areas that present challenges and opportunities for improvement: (1) communication and language; (2) cultural differences; (3) funding and time; (4) co-authorship and memorandums of understanding; and (5) ethics, respect and trust. We complement presentation of these themes by also including some of our personal reflections on international work as faculty members working at institutions of higher education in the United States. One of the key insights of this inquiry is that the roles and perspectives of many administrators and leaders in institutions of higher education should be reconsidered and reframed in a global perspective to effect meaningful change and improvement.
Partnering for Purpose
Authors: Celly Kirti S. , Thomas Charles E.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to share with a wide range of organizational professionals three methods we find useful for educating a diverse undergraduate student body. Using metaphors from business, participants in two undergraduate classes were invited to co-create value by positioning their work in the context of their career goals. Following a description of our purposeful design for participation, exploration, appreciation, reflection and learning (PEARL), we arrive at the fertile delta that nurtures learning and grows a crop of confident, competent, culturally sensitive, and ethical participants with a refined understanding of success. We use narrative inquiry of participants' writing to suggest that PEARL may be useful in arenas beyond the undergraduate business classroom as it is beneficial in the development of ethical, managerial, and leadership values.
Effective School Leadership for Māori Achievement
Authors: Santamaría Andrés P. , Webber Melinda , Santamaría Lorri J.
Published: June 2015

This chapter leads a critical discourse amongst research and educational leadership communities around the nature of cross-cultural interactions and the role diversity plays in changing the status quo with regard to access, equity and academic achievement. Through this strengths-based qualitative inquiry, the authors bridge Kaupapa Maori (Maori ideology) and critical race theory methodologies with Maori and non-Maori culturally responsive leadership frameworks. Prerequisite conditions for effective cross-collaboration are presented based on the experiences of an international, interdisciplinary research team in collaboration with practicing Maori and non-Maori leaders of primary and secondary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). The aim of the partnership is to promote the voices and practices of effective school leaders, through cross-cultural collaboration and research, to continue building critical mass for the important role of informing effective, culturally responsive leadership practices across Aotearoa NZ.
Transnational and Cross-Cultural Approaches in Undercover Police Work
Authors: Irwin John , Normore Anthony H.
Published: June 2015

Undercover operatives have for decades attempted to interact with and expose criminal activity in identified criminal sub-culture groups of their same ethnic backgrounds, potential criminal participants in diverse ethnic cultural groups other than their own ethnic background, and cross-cultural groups made up of people from different ethnic groups. Through our combined professional experiences (e.g., leadership professor, undercover law enforcement, criminal justice, research, inmate instructor, ethics professors) and having lived and worked in various parts of the world (e.g., Canada, US, UK, Europe, South East and Central Asia) our chapter examines undercover police work and provides a view to cross-cultural issues that exist on both the enforcement and suspect sides of police investigation. A variety of transnational and cross-border ethical issues are examined in undercover work (e.g. trickery, entrapment) along with landmark court cases in an effort to compare and contrast international approaches to undercover operatives. Future directions concerning international collaboration are presented.
Combating Human Trafficking
Authors: Pittaro Michael
Published: June 2015

Human trafficking is one of the fastest and continuously evolving transnational crimes of this century, preceded only slightly by gun and drug trafficking; yet it is projected that human trafficking will soon surpass both unless government and nongovernmental officials throughout the world take immediate, collaborative action to deter and punish traffickers and educate and protect prospective trafficking victims. For that reason, combating human trafficking requires ongoing national and international communication, cooperation, and collaboration, particularly amongst law enforcement leadership across the globe. Only then will law enforcement be able to limit the ability of traffickers to operate freely and help prevent future victims from being trafficked. The primary purpose of drawing international attention to this chapter is in illuminating the challenges of police leadership in combating incidents of transnational human trafficking as well as to propose plausible to assist and support future global leadership and collaboration within and across police agencies.
Assessing the Performance of Decision Support Systems in Military Environment
Authors: Lebraty Jean-Fabrice , Godé Cécile
Published: June 2015

This article explores the ability of a decision support system (DSS) to improve the quality of decision making in extreme environment. This DSS is actually based on a networked information system. Academic literature commonly mentions models of fit to explore the relationship between technology and performance, reckoning users' evaluations as a relevant measurement technique for Information System (IS) success. Although effective contributions have been achieved in measurement and exploration of fit, there have been few attempts to investigate the triangulation of fit between “Task-DSS-Decision Maker” under stressful and uncertain circumstances. This article provides new insights regarding the advantages provided by networked IS for making relevant decisions. An original case study has been conducted. It is focused on a networked decision support system called Link 16 that is used during aerial missions. This case study shows that the system improves decision making on an individual basis. Our result suggest the importance of three main fit criteria – Compliance, Complementarity and Conformity – to measure DSS performance under extreme environment and display a preliminary decisional fit model.
Using High-Frequency Interaction Events to Automatically Classify Cognitive Load
Authors: Lin Tao , Wu Zhiming , Chen Yu
Published: June 2015

There is still a challenge of creating an evaluation method which can not only unobtrusively collect data without supplement equipment but also objectively, quantitatively and real-time evaluate cognitive load of users based the data. The study explores the possibility of using the features extracted from high-frequency interaction (HFI) events to evaluate cognitive load to respond the challenge. Specifically, back-propagation neural networks, along with two feature selection methods (nBset and SFS), were used as the classifier and it was able to use a set of features to differentiate three cognitive load levels with an accuracy of 74.27%. The main contributions of the research are: (1) knowledge about what detailed features may be predictive of cognitive load changes; (2) demonstrating the potential of using the HFI features in discriminating different cognitive load when suitable classifier and features are adopted.
Using a Commodity Hardware Video Encoder for Interactive Applications
Authors: Stensland Håkon Kvale , Wilhelmsen Martin Alexander , Gaddam Vamsidhar Reddy , Mortensen Asgeir , Langseth Ragnar , Griwodz Carsten , Halvorsen Pål
Published: June 2015

Over the last years, video streaming has become one of the most dominant Internet services. Due to the increased availability of high-speed Internet access, multimedia services are becoming more interactive. Examples of such applications are both cloud gaming (OnLive, 2014) and systems where users can interact with high-resolution content (Gaddam et al., 2014). During the last few years, programmable hardware video encoders have been built into commodity hardware such as CPUs and GPUs. One of these encoders is evaluated in a scenario where individual streams are delivered to the end users. The results show that the visual video quality and the frame size of the hardware-based encoder are comparable to a software-based approach. To evaluate a complete system, a proposed streaming pipeline has been implemented into Quake III. It was found that running the game on a remote server and streaming the video output to a client web browser located in a typical home environment is possible and enjoyable. The interaction latency is measured to be less than 90 ms, which is below what is reported for OnLive in a similar environment
Human Anti-CD40 Antibody and Poly IC:LC Adjuvant Combination Induces Potent T Cell Responses in the Lung of Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth A. , Liang Frank , Lindgren Gustaf , Sandgren Kerrie J. , Quinn Kylie M. , Darrah Patricia A. , Koup Richard A. , Seder Robert A. , Kedl Ross M. , Loré Karin
Published: June 2015

Nonlive vaccine platforms that induce potent cellular immune responses in mucosal tissue would have broad application for vaccines against infectious diseases and tumors. Induction of cellular immunity could be optimized by targeted activation of multiple innate and costimulatory signaling pathways, such as CD40 or TLRs. In this study, we evaluated immune activation and elicitation of T cell responses in nonhuman primates after immunization with peptide Ags adjuvanted with an agonistic anti-CD40Ab, with or without the TLR3 ligand poly IC:LC. We found that i.v. administration of the anti-CD40Ab induced rapid and transient innate activation characterized by IL-12 production and upregulated costimulatory and lymph node homing molecules on dendritic cells. Using fluorescently labeled Abs for in vivo tracking, we found that the anti-CD40Ab bound to all leukocytes, except T cells, and disseminated to multiple organs. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were significantly enhanced when the anti-CD40Ab was coadministered with poly IC:LC compared with either adjuvant given alone and were almost exclusively compartmentalized to the lung. Notably, Ag-specific T cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage were sustained at ∼5–10%. These data indicate that systemic administration of anti-CD40Ab may be particularly advantageous for vaccines and/or therapies that require T cell immunity in the lung.
Usefulness of dynamic compression bedside ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abdominal wall abscess
Authors: Barakat Bahjat , Pezzilli Raffaele
Published: June 2015

Not available.
Challenges of sanitary compliance related to trade in products of animal origin in Southern Africa
Authors: Magwedere Kudakwashe , Songabe Tembile , Dziva Francis
Published: June 2015

Irrespective of the existence of potentially pathogenic organisms carried by animals, foods of animal origin remain the prime nutrition of humans world-wide. As such, food safety continues to be a global concern primarily to safeguard public health and to promote international trade. Application of integrated risk-based quality assurance procedures on-farm and at slaughterhouses plays a crucial role in controlling hazards associated with foods of animal origin. In the present paper we examine safety assurance systems and associated value chains for foods of animal origin based on historical audit results of some Southern African countries with thriving export trade in animal products, mainly to identify areas for improvement. Among the key deficiencies identified were: i) failure to keep pace with scientific advances related to the ever-changing food supply chain; ii) lack of effective national and regional intervention strategies to curtail pathogen transmission and evolution, notably the zoonotic Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli; and iii) a lack of effective methods to reduce contamination of foods of wildlife origin. The introduction of foods of wildlife origin for domestic consumption and export markets seriously compounds already existing conflicts in legislation governing food supply and safety. This analysis identifies gaps required to improve the safety of foods of wildlife origin.
New distributional records of non-native vascular plants in northern Italy
Authors: Verloove Filip , Ardenghi Nicola
Published: June 2015

New distributional records of non-native vascular plants are provided for the Italian regions Piemonte, Lombardia and Emilia-Romagna. Panicum barbipulvinatum is reported for the first time from Italy.
Characteristics and Program Decisions of Master's-Level Professional Athletic Training Students
Authors: Ostrowski Jennifer Lynn , Iadevaia Cheree M.
Published: June 2015

Context

The number of master's-level professional athletic training programs (MLPATPs) has grown by over 400% in the past 10 years; however, little is known about the characteristics of the students who enroll in these programs or why they select this route to certification.

Objective

To describe, by exploring the characteristics of MLPATP students, the profile of students who enroll in MLPATPs, and to aid in recruitment of students by developing a greater understanding of why students select the MLPATP route to athletic training certification.

Design

Cross-sectional design involving online survey research. MLPATP directors were asked to forward the survey link to students enrolled in their programs.

Participants

Seventy-nine students enrolled in MLPATPs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training (CAATE).

Data Collection and Analysis

Survey data were collected by Formstack.com. Open-ended questions were categorized based on common themes and then coded. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric correlations were calculated.

Results

MLPATP students were, on average, 24.7 years old; 68% were women, 85% were Caucasian. Forty-two percent earned their bachelor's degree in exercise/sports science. Nearly 80% of students decided they wanted to be an athletic trainer either prior to or during their undergraduate studies, and students enrolled in their MLPATP an average of 1.2 years after completing their bachelor's degree. The geographical area and an institution's reputation were the primary contributing factors in choosing an MLPATP. Following graduation, 93.5% plan to seek employment using their certified athletic trainer credential.

Conclusions

Understanding the characteristics of MLPATP students can help in the recruitment of students for MLPATPs as well as develop a greater understanding of the needs of these students. Additional lines of research would contribute to discussions regarding the future of athletic training education.
Manifestações orofaríngeas na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
Authors: Viana Simone Monteiro Palermo de , Alvarenga Regina Maria Papais
Published: June 2015

Objetivo. Comparar as manifestações orofaríngeas de pacientes com as formas clássica e bulbar da ELA esporádica. Método. A avaliação fonoaudiológica de disfagia e disartrofonia seguiu a proposta de Ca­sanova. Testou-se o movimento de lábio, língua, bochecha, pressão intra-oral, coordenação sucção/deglutição, pressão do esfíncter labial, mastigação, movimentação da língua, postura, mobilidade e força dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios. Resultados. 170 pacientes (56,47% ho­mens e 59,41% brancos) com ELA bulbar (n= 66) e ELA clássica (n=104). As principais manifestações orofaríngeas foram as relacio­nadas a deglutição em 67,05%, seguindo-se a fonação 59,41% e a fala 51,76%. Conclusão. As manifestações orofaríngeas foram mais frequentes nos pacientes com a forma bulbar quando comparados à forma clássica.
Detection of Entamoeba histolytica by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification
Authors: Nair Gayatri , Rebolledo Mauricio , White A. Clinton , Crannell Zachary , Richards-Kortum R. Rebecca , Pinilla A. Elizabeth , Ramírez Juan David , López M. Consuelo , Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro
Published: June 2015

Amebiasis is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and has been associated with childhood malnutrition. Traditional microscopy approaches are neither sensitive nor specific for Entamoeba histolytica. Antigen assays are more specific, but many cases are missed unless tested by molecular methods. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is effective, the need for sophisticated, expensive equipment, infrastructure, and trained personnel limits its usefulness, especially in the resource-limited, endemic areas. Here, we report development of a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method to detect E. histolytica specifically. Using visual detection by lateral flow (LF), the test was highly sensitive and specific and could be performed without additional equipment. The availability of this inexpensive, sensitive, and field-applicable diagnostic test could facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment of amebiasis in endemic regions.
South African end times: Conceiving an apocalyptic imaginary
Authors: Titlestad Michael
Published: June 2015

The future of South Africa has most commonly been conceived as a prospective apocalyptic upheaval in which the nation fractures along race lines. This expectation preceded, but informed the rise of apartheid, and has accompanied its demise. This article argues that catastrophic prediction — the trope of a looming racial Armageddon — is like a worn coin: familiar currency so often spent. Nonetheless, we need to conceive how this particular political theology settled into our polity; why it has proved so adaptable (through and despite the “miraculous” transformation of 1994); and, how its tenacity — which is politically anodyne at best and fascist at worst — might be challenged. The article conceives of a study (comprising nine essays) which sets out to analyze aspects of this history of fear, without simply taking its existence and persistence for granted.
‘Regardez la vie reprendre’: Futurity in Véronique Tadjo’s L’Ombre d’Imana / The Shadow of Imana
Authors: West-Pavlov Russell
Published: June 2015

In this essay, I review a series of binaries that are examined by Véronique Tadjo’s recent narrative about Rwanda and its 1994 genocide, L’Ombre d’Imana (Engl. trans. The Shadow of Imana, 2002), and doubly blurred. These binaries (inside/out, here/there, past/future) and envisaged from two points of view. They are situated first in the dreadful zones of biopolitical indistinction in which the law legalizes its own suspension and renders legal atrocities normally outside the realm of the permissible; and they are re-envisaged in a movement which “turns inside out” (Esposito) these indistinctions to assert an unbroken fabric of life, human or otherwise, which resists even the perversions of the extreme manifestation of biopolitics evinced by genocide. This article shifts its focus away from the customary topic of the relationship between genocide and representation, towards issue of genocide and biopolitics, and to a form of semiois that does not merely “mean”, but makes life (continue to) happen. Rwanda may stand, emblematically, for the stamping out of life on the continent, for the existential negativity that African often emblematizes in the global imaginary; by contrast, Tadjo, in her reading of Rwanda, poses to the African continent, not a rhetorical question but a fundamental ontological and existential enquiry: “Comment envisager le futur ici? Quel futur?” (Tadjo 125, “How can you envisage the future here? What future?”).
Ambivalensie in die verhouding tussen slaaf en meester in Philida deur André P. Brink
Authors: Bothma Mathilda
Published: June 2015

This article appropriates the views of critics in an effort to come closer to an understanding of the sensations, experiences and the general plight of slaves in a (post)-colonial context, in particular the farm Zandvliet, as well as the broader South-African society as represented in Philida. In this regard, for instance, the critical enunciations of Bill Ashcroft concerning place and displacement and the bearing thereof on the lives of the colonised is considered, as well as the views of Homi Bhabha on ambivalence related to colonial discourse. According to Bhabha the “other” is the coloniser’s construct and his relationship with the “other” is characterised by ambivalence and inconsistency. The article refers to the intertextual relations of Philida to earlier Brink novels, to the paratextual relations of the cover to the text, and to the text’s relations to South African history.
Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data
Authors: Turner A. J. , Jacob D. J. , Wecht K. J. , Maasakkers J. D. , Lundgren E. , Andrews A. E. , Biraud S. C. , Boesch H. , Bowman K. W. , Deutscher N. M. , Dubey M. K. , Griffith D. W. T. , Hase F. , Kuze A. , Notholt J. , Ohyama H. , Parker R. , Payne V. H. , Sussmann R. , Sweeney C. , Velazco V. A. , Warneke T. , Wennberg P. O. , Wunch D.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We use 2009–2011 space-borne methane observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to estimate global and North American methane emissions with 4° × 5° and up to 50 km × 50 km spatial resolution, respectively. GEOS-Chem and GOSAT data are first evaluated with atmospheric methane observations from surface and tower networks (NOAA/ESRL, TCCON) and aircraft (NOAA/ESRL, HIPPO), using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model as a platform to facilitate comparison of GOSAT with in situ data. This identifies a high-latitude bias between the GOSAT data and GEOS-Chem that we correct via quadratic regression. Our global adjoint-based inversion yields a total methane source of 539 Tg a−1 with some important regional corrections to the EDGARv4.2 inventory used as a prior. Results serve as dynamic boundary conditions for an analytical inversion of North American methane emissions using radial basis functions to achieve high resolution of large sources and provide error characterization. We infer a US anthropogenic methane source of 40.2–42.7 Tg a−1, as compared to 24.9–27.0 Tg a−1 in the EDGAR and EPA bottom-up inventories, and 30.0–44.5 Tg a−1 in recent inverse studies. Our estimate is supported by independent surface and aircraft data and by previous inverse studies for California. We find that the emissions are highest in the southern–central US, the Central Valley of California, and Florida wetlands; large isolated point sources such as the US Four Corners also contribute. Using prior information on source locations, we attribute 29–44 % of US anthropogenic methane emissions to livestock, 22–31 % to oil/gas, 20 % to landfills/wastewater, and 11–15 % to coal. Wetlands contribute an additional 9.0–10.1 Tg a−1.
Spectral Aerosol Extinction (SpEx): a new instrument for in situ ambient aerosol extinction measurements across the UV/visible wavelength range
Authors: Jordan C. E. , Anderson B. E. , Beyersdorf A. J. , Corr C. A. , Dibb J. E. , Greenslade M. E. , Martin R. F. , Moore R. H. , Scheuer E. , Shook M. A. , Thornhill K. L. , Troop D. , Winstead E. L. , Ziemba L. D.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We introduce a new instrument for the measurement of in situ ambient aerosol extinction over the 300–700 nm wavelength range, the Spectral Aerosol Extinction (SpEx) instrument. This measurement capability is envisioned to complement existing in situ instrumentation, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the evolution of aerosol optical, chemical, and physical characteristics in the ambient environment. In this work, a detailed description of the instrument is provided along with characterization tests performed in the laboratory. Measured spectra of NO2 and polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) agreed well with theoretical calculations. Good agreement was also found with simultaneous aerosol extinction measurements at 450, 530, and 630 nm using CAPS PMex instruments in a series of 22 tests including non-absorbing compounds, dusts, soot, and black and brown carbon analogs. SpEx can more accurately distinguish the presence of brown carbon from other absorbing aerosol due to its 300 nm lower wavelength limit compared to measurements limited to visible wavelengths. Extinction spectra obtained with SpEx contain more information than can be conveyed by a simple power law fit (typically represented by Ångström Exponents). Planned future improvements aim to lower detection limits and ruggedize the instrument for mobile operation.
Diurnal temperature cycle deduced from extreme daily temperatures and impact over a surface reanalysis system
Authors: Besson F. , Bazile E. , Soci C. , Soubeyroux J.-M. , Ouzeau G. , Perrin M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Due to the evolution of the observation network, hourly 2 m temperature analysis performed by reanalysis systems shows temporal inhomogeneities. The observation network gap is less present for extreme daily temperature observations. In order to reduce inhomogeneities and enable a climatological use of temperature analysis, information from extreme temperatures could be useful. In this study, the diurnal temperature cycle has been reconstructed for stations which only record extreme temperatures. These new "pseudo" hourly temperature observations are then provided to the analysis system. Two methods have been used to deduce hourly temperatures from extremes and compared to real observations. The results have shown that using those new pseudo-observations as an input for two different reanalysis systems enables reducing the bias in temperature analysis.
A method for monitoring hydrological conditions beneath herbaceous wetlands using multi-temporal ALOS PALSAR coherence data
Authors: Zhang M. , Li Z. , Tian B. , Zhou J. , Zeng J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Reed marshes, the world’s most widespread type of wetland vegetation, are undergoing major changes as a result of climate changes and human activities. The presence or absence of water in reed marshes has a significant impact on the whole ecosystem and remains a key indicator to identify the effective area of a wetland and help estimate the degree of degeneration. Past studies have demonstrated the use of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to map water-level changes for flooded reeds. However, the identification of the different hydrological states of reed marshes is often poorly understood. The analysis given in this paper shows that L-band interferometric coherence is very sensitive to the water surface conditions beneath reed marshes and so can be used as classifier. A method based on a statistical analysis of the coherence distributions for wet and dry reeds using InSAR pairs was, therefore, investigated in this study. The experimental results were validated by in-situ data and showed very good agreement. This is the first time that information about the water cover under herbaceous wetlands has been derived using interferometric coherence values. This method can also effectively and easily be applied to monitor the hydrological conditions beneath other herbaceous wetlands.
Three Dimensional Deformation of Mining Area Detection by InSAR and Probability Integral Model
Authors: Fan H. D. , Gao X. X. , Cheng D. , Zhao W. Y. , Zhao C. L.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A new solution algorithm that combined D-InSAR and probability integral method was proposed to generate the three dimensional deformation in mining area. The details are as follows: according to the geological and mining data, the control points set should be established, which contains correct phase unwrapping points in subsidence basin edge generated by D-InSAR and several GPS points; Using the modulus method to calculate the optimum parameters of probability integral prediction; Finally, generate the three dimensional deformation of mining work face by the parameters. Using this method, the land subsidence with big deformation gradients in mining area were correctly generated by example TerraSAR-X images. The results of the example show that this method can generate the correct mining subsidence basin with a few surface observations, and it is much better than the results of D-InSAR.
Hyperspectral Analysis of Soil Total Nitrogen in Subsided Land Using the Local Correlation Mazimization-Complementary Superiority Method
Authors: Lin L. X. , Wang Y. J. , Teng J. Y. , Xi X. X.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The measurement of soil total nitrogen (TN) by hyperspectral remote sensing provides an important tool for soil restoration programs in areas with subsided land caused by the extraction of natural resources. This study used the local correlation maximization-complementary superiority method (LCMCS) to establish TN prediction models by considering the relationship between spectral reflectance and TN based on spectral reflectance curves of soil samples collected from subsided land determined by synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology. Based on the 1655 selected effective bands of the optimal spectrum (OSP) of the first derivate differential of reciprocal logarithm ([log{1/R}]'), (correlation coefficients, P < 0.01), the optimal model of LCMCS method was obtained to determine the final model, which produced lower prediction errors (root mean square error of validation [RMSEV] = 0.89, mean relative error of validation [MREV] = 5.93%) when compared with models built by the local correlation maximization (LCM), complementary superiority (CS) and partial least squares regression (PLS) methods. The predictive effect of LCMCS model was optional in Cangzhou, Renqiu and Fengfeng District. Results indicate that the LCMCS method has great potential to monitor TN in subsided land caused by the extraction of natural resources including groundwater, oil and coal.
Ground-penetrating radar observations for estimating the vertical displacement of rotational landslides
Authors: Lissak C. , Maquaire O. , Malet J.-P. , Lavigne F. , Virmoux C. , Gomez C. , Davidson R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for monitoring the displacement of slow-moving landslides. GPR data are used to estimate the vertical movement of rotational slides in combination with other surveying techniques. The study area is located along the Normandy coast (northeast France) where several rotational landslides are continuously affected by a seasonal kinematic regime (low displacement rates of 0.01 to 0.10 m yr−1) and periodically by major acceleration events (high displacement rates of 1.0 to 7.0 m per event).
¿Qué es esa cosa llamada arqueología histórica?
Authors: Montón Subías Sandra , J. Abejez Luis
Published: June 2015

La arqueología histórica, en su sentido cronológicamente restringido, en tanto que estudio de los procesos que dieron lugar a la formación del mundo moderno y a su evolución posterior, va cobrando paulatina fuerza en la academia de nuestro país. Este artículo quiere contribuir a generar más debate al respecto, revisando cómo se sitúa la arqueología histórica española en el panorama internacional y algunas de sus particularidades más significativas. Al hacerlo, incide también en los estrechos vínculos que unen a la arqueología histórica y a la prehistórica desde sus orígenes, tanto en lo que se refiere a la demarcación ontológica, epistemológica y metodológica de la primera como a la influencia de las inquietudes socio-políticas de la arqueología histórica en la prehistoria. Esta reflexión está en parte situada desde la prehistoria ya que, como está ocurriendo en otros casos, una de las firmantes de este artículo procede de esta disciplina.
Review. Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Technological Advances by Zou, et al. (2013)
Authors: Zhou Lin
Published: June 2015

Levy (1997) defined computer-assisted language learning (CALL) as “the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning” (p.1). With the advancement of technology, the term “computer” in CALL is expanded to include more concepts such as software depicting the virtual classroom, technology tools that could be used in a blended language course, assessment and training tools, interactive and collaborative online forums, and various types of copula curating authentic language in different contexts. The ongoing development of information technology prompts the continuous search for the applications of the computer in foreign and second language teaching and learning.
CORRIGENDUM: MEAN VALUES FOR HOMOGENEOUS STIT TESSELATIONS IN 3D (2008 IMAGE ANAL STEREOL 27:29-37)
Authors: Nagel Werner , Weiss Viola
Published: June 2015

Corrigendum of MEAN VALUES FOR HOMOGENEOUS STIT TESSELLATIONS IN 3D (2008 IMAGE ANAL STEREOL 27:29–37)
Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Khanagar Sanjeev , Naganandini S. , Rajanna Vasuda , Naik Sachin , Rao Rekha , M S Madhuniranjanswamy
Published: June 2015

Background/IntroductionFor various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.ObjectiveTo assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India. The oral hygiene status recorded includes dental and prosthetic hygiene.ResultsThe mean Debris Index and Plaque Index scores of dentate elderly were 2.87±0.22 and 3.17±0.40, respectively, the mean Denture Plaque and Denture Stomatitis scores were 3.15±0.47 and 1.43±0.68, respectively.ConclusionThe dental hygiene was inadequate. This study emphasizes the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalized elderly.
Point-and-Command Paradigm for Interaction with Assistive Robots
Authors: Boboc Razvan Gabriel , Dumitru Adrian Iulian , Antonya Csaba
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a multi-modal interface for the interaction between a human user and an assistive humanoid robot. The interaction is performed through gestural commands and a dialogue mechanism to provide a ‘natural’ means for the user to command an assistive robot to perform several given tasks. A “Point-and-Command” interaction concept was proposed with the aim of providing the user with an easy-to-use and intuitive interface and to improve the efficiency of human-robot collaboration. Likewise, a decision support system (DSS) was implemented based on fuzzy logic, in order to warn the user when an active robot is about to become unusable and should be replaced. Thus, the interaction time, which depends on the robot's battery life, can be increased by replacing the assistant with another more fully charged one, making the interaction seem more natural.
Dynamic Extra Buses Scheduling Strategy in Public Transport
Authors: Yu Bin , Wang Keming , Peng Zixuan , Wang Can , Gao Ziyou , Yao Baozhen
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a dynamic extra buses scheduling strategy to improve the transit service of transit routes. In this strategy, in order to decide when to dispatch an extra bus, the service reliability of transit route is assessed firstly. A model aimed at maximizing the benefit of the extra buses scheduling strategy is constructed to determine how many stops extra buses need to skip from the terminal to accommodate passengers at the following stops. A heuristic algorithm is defined and implemented to estimate the service reliability of transit route and to optimize the initial stop of extra buses scheduling strategy. Finally, the strategy is tested on two examples: a simple and a real-life transit route in the Dalian city in China. The results show that the extra buses scheduling strategy based on terminal stops with a reasonable threshold can save 8.01% waiting time of passengers.
Fault damage zones in mechanically layered rocks: The effects of planar anisotropy
Authors: Misra Santanu , Ellis Susan , Mandal Nibir
Published: June 2015

This study shows how inherited strength anisotropy influences damage localization at both the tip and wall regions of a fault or fracture. We performed analogue and numerical compression experiments on transversely isotropic models with single and multiple cuts of finite length, simulating the propagation of preexisting faults and cracks in layered rock. The stress‐strain curves from the analogue experiments show a change in bulk yield behavior with fault inclination and anisotropy orientation with respect to the stress direction. Earlier isotropic models demonstrated a brittle (wing fracturing) to ductile (shear‐zone formation) transition as the fault angle (α) to the principal compression direction increased. The experiments with anisotropic models show patterns of damage localization change dramatically with the orientation of transversely isotropic planes (θ, measured with respect to principal extension direction). Under layer‐normal (θ = 0°) and layer‐parallel compression (θ = 90°), preexisting faults undergo significant reactivation when 0 < α < 90°, and fault slip eventually leads to mechanical instabilities within the anisotropic layering, causing damage zones in the tip regions. For layer‐normal (θ = 0°) compression, the damage processes involve intense extensional shear localization, whereas for layer‐parallel compression, contractional shear localization and tensile opening result in characteristic internal shear‐band structures. In contrast, for 0 < θ < 90°, the faults undergo little or no reactivation, irrespective of α. In this case, bulk compression leads to an interlayer slip‐mediated global deformation. Obliquely anisotropic models thus produce weak or no fault damage zones. We also show that the fault‐parallel principal damage localized at the tips can be coupled with transversely oriented, antithetic secondary damage in the wall regions. However, secondary damage develops predominantly when θ = 90°. Field examples of fault damage in anisotropic rocks and numerical experiments are in good accord with our experimental damage patterns.
Ten years of satellite observations reveal highly variable sulphur dioxide emissions at Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands
Authors: McCormick Brendan , Popp Christoph , Andrews Benjamin , Cottrell Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

Satellite remote sensing enables continuous multiyear observations of volcanic activity in remote settings. Anatahan (Mariana Islands) is a remote volcano in the western North Pacific. Available ground‐based measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas emissions at Anatahan place it among thelargest volcanic SO2 sources worldwide. These ground‐based measurements, however, are restricted to eruptive intervals. Anatahan's activity since 2003 has been dominated temporally by prolonged periods of quiescence. Using 10 years of satellite observations from OMI, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and GOME‐2, we report highly variable SO2 emissions within and between eruptive and quiescent intervals at Anatahan. We find close correspondence between levels of activity reported at the volcano and levels of SO2 emissions detected from space. Eruptive SO2 emission rates have a mean value of ∼6400 t d−1, but frequently are in excess of 20,000 t d−1. Conversely, SO2 emissions during quiescent intervals are below the detection limit of space‐based sensors and therefore are not likely to exceed ∼300 t d−1. We show that while Anatahan occupies a quiescent state for 85% of the past 10 years, only ∼15% of total SO2 emissions over this interval occur during quiescence, with the remaining ∼85% released in short duration but intense syn‐eruptive degassing. We propose that the integration of multiyear satellite data sets and activity histories are a powerful complement to targeted ground‐based campaign measurements in better describing the long‐term degassing behavior of remote volcanoes.
Undercutting of marine‐terminating glaciers in West Greenland
Authors: Rignot Eric , Fenty Ian , Xu Yun , Cai Cilan , Kemp Chris
Published: June 2015

Marine‐terminating glaciers control most of Greenland's ice discharge into the ocean, but little is known about the geometry of their frontal regions. Here we use side‐looking, multibeam echo sounding observations to reveal that their frontal ice cliffs are grounded deeper below sea level than previously measured and their ice faces are neither vertical nor smooth but often undercut by the ocean and rough. Deep glacier grounding enables contact with subsurface, warm, salty Atlantic waters (AW) which melts ice at rates of meters per day. We detect cavities undercutting the base of the calving faces at the sites of subglacial water (SGW) discharge predicted by a hydrological model. The observed pattern of undercutting is consistent with numerical simulations of ice melt in which buoyant plumes of SGW transport warm AW to the ice faces. Glacier undercutting likely enhances iceberg calving, impacting ice front stability and, in turn, the glacier mass balance.
Exploring the impact of CMIP5 model biases on the simulation of North Atlantic decadal variability
Authors: Menary Matthew B. , Hodson Daniel L. R. , Robson Jon I. , Sutton Rowan T. , Wood Richard A. , Hunt Jonathan A.
Published: June 2015

Instrumental observations, paleoproxies, and climate models suggest significant decadal variability within the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). However, a poorly sampled observational record and a diversity of model behaviors mean that the precise nature and mechanisms of this variability are unclear. Here we analyze an exceptionally large multimodel ensemble of 42 present‐generation climate models to test whether NASPG mean state biases systematically affect the representation of decadal variability. Temperature and salinity biases in the Labrador Sea covary and influence whether density variability is controlled by temperature or salinity variations. Ocean horizontal resolution is a good predictor of the biases and the location of the dominant dynamical feedbacks within the NASPG. However, we find no link to the spectral characteristics of the variability. Our results suggest that the mean state and mechanisms of variability within the NASPG are not independent. This represents an important caveat for decadal predictions using anomaly assimilation methods.
Vertical coherence of deformation in lithosphere in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis using GPS, Quaternary fault slip rates, and shear wave splitting data
Authors: Chang Lijun , Flesch Lucy M. , Wang Chun‐Yung , Ding Zhifeng
Published: June 2015

We present 59 new SKS/SKKS and combine them with 69 previously published data to infer the mantle deformation field in SE Tibet. The dense set of anisotropy measurements in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (EHS) are oriented along a NE‐SW azimuth and rotate clockwise in the surround regions. We use GPS measurements and geologic data to determine a continuous surface deformation field that is then used to predict shear wave spitting directions at each station. Comparison of splitting observations with predictions yields an average misfit of 11.7° illustrating that deformation is vertically coherent, consistent with previous studies. Within the central EHS in areas directly surrounding the Namche‐Barwa metamorphic massif, the average misfit of 11 stations increases to 60.8°, and vertical coherence is no longer present. The complexity of the mantle anisotropy and surface observations argues for local alteration of the strain fields here associated with recent rapid exhumation of the Indian crust.
Modeling the ionospheric impact of tsunami‐driven gravity waves with SAMI3: Conjugate effects
Authors: Huba J. D. , Drob D. P. , Wu T.‐W. , Makela J. J.
Published: June 2015

The Naval Research Laboratory first‐principles ionosphere model SAMI3 is used to study the ionospheric effects associated with tsunami‐driven gravity waves. Specifically, the Tohoku‐Oki tsunami of 11 March 2011 is modeled. It is shown that gravity wave‐induced variations in the neutral wind lead to plasma velocity variations both perpendicular and parallel to the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the electric field induced by the neutral wind perturbations can map to the conjugate hemisphere. Thus, electron density variations can be generated in both hemispheres which impact the total electron content (TEC) and 6300 Å airglow emission. It is found that the TEC exhibits variations of
total electron content unit (1 TECU = 1016 el m−2) and the 6300 Å airglow emission variation is up to ∼±2.5% relative to the unperturbed background airglow.
Consumer Preference for Sustainable Attributes in Plants: Evidence from Experimental Auctions
Authors: Yue Chengyan , Campbell Ben , Hall Charles , Behe Bridget , Dennis Jennifer , Khachatryan Hayk
Published: June 2015

Experimental auctions were employed to investigate U.S. and Canadian consumers’ willingness to pay for sustainable attributes in plants. The results show consumers are willing to pay a price premium for energy and water savings in plant production of $0.15 and $0.12, respectively. Consumers are only willing to pay $0.08 more for sustainably labeled product. Latent class segmentation analysis identifies three distinct consumer segments: Import‐Liking, Mainstream, and Eco‐local. Mainstream Consumers were the largest segment and willing to pay only modest premiums for eco‐friendly attributes. Eco‐local consumers comprised 14% of consumers and they were willing to pay the highest amount for the improved production methods and container types, while having the highest willing to pay for local and domestic products. [EconLit citations: D44, M31].
Synthetic growth reference charts
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Stec Karol , Aßmann Christian , Meigen Christof , Van Buuren Stef
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To reanalyze the between‐population variance in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), and to provide a globally applicable technique for generating synthetic growth reference charts.

Methods

Using a baseline set of 196 female and 197 male growth studies published since 1831, common factors of height, weight, and BMI are extracted via Principal Components separately for height, weight, and BMI. Combining information from single growth studies and the common factors using in principle a Bayesian rationale allows for provision of completed reference charts.

Results

The suggested approach can be used for generating synthetic growth reference charts with LMS values for height, weight, and BMI, from birth to maturity, from any limited set of height and weight measurements of a given population.

Conclusion

Generating synthetic growth reference charts by incorporating information from a large set of reference growth studies seems suitable for populations with no autochthonous references at hand yet. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:98–111, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.