bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation and dissemination of physical activity-related health competence in vocational nursing training: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial
Authors: Carl Johannes , Grüne Eva , Popp Johanna , Hartung Verena , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: May 2024

Background

Although the nursing sector gains growing importance in an aging society, students representing the future workforce often show insufficient health. Acknowledging the health-enhancing effects of adequate physical activity, the educational system in Bavaria, Germany, has recently integrated the promotion of physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) into the nursing curriculum. However, it cannot be assumed that PAHCO has sufficiently permeated the educational practices and routines of the nursing schools. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to examine and compare the effectiveness as well as implementation of different intervention approaches to address PAHCO in the Bavarian nursing school system.

Methods

We randomly assign 16 nursing schools (cluster-based) to four study arms (bottom-up, top-down led by teachers, top down led by external physical activity experts, control group). Schools in intervention group 1 (IG-1) develop multicomponent inventions to target PAHCO via cooperative planning (preparation, planning, and implementation phase). Intervention groups 2 and 3 (IG-2, IG-3) receive both an expert-based intervention (developed through intervention mapping) via trained mediators to address PAHCO. External physical activity experts deliver the structured PAHCO intervention in IG-2, while teachers from the nursing schools themselves conduct the PAHCO intervention in IG-3. In line with a hybrid effectiveness implementation trial, we apply questionnaire-based pre-post measurements across all conditions (sample size calculation: nfinal = 636) to examine the effectiveness of the intervention approaches and, simultaneously, draw on questionnaires, interview, and protocol data to examine their implementation. We analyze quantitative effectiveness data via linear models (times-group interaction), and implementation data using descriptive distributions and content analyses.

Conclusion

The study enables evidence-based decisions about the suitability of three intervention approaches to promote competencies for healthy, physically active lifestyles among nursing students. The findings inform dissemination activities to effectively reach all 185 schools of the Bavarian nursing system.

Trial registration

Clinical trials NCT05817396. Registered on April 18, 2023.
Co-delivery of doxycycline and rifampicin using CdTe-labeled poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid for treatment of Brucella melitensis infection
Authors: Gohari Saeideh , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Nouri Fatemeh , Yousefimashouf Rasoul , Arabestani Mohammad Reza , Taheri Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Brucellosis poses a significant challenge in the medical field as a systemic infection with a propensity for relapse. This study presented a novel approach to brucellosis treatment, enhancing the efficacy of doxycycline and rifampicin through the use of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid coupled with cadmium-telluride quantum dots (Dox-Rif-PLGA@CdTe). The double emulsion solvent evaporation method was employed to prepare Dox-Rif-PLGA@CdTe. The study scrutinized the physicochemical attributes of these nanoparticles. The impact of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles on Brucella melitensis was evaluated through well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and cell culture. The chemical analysis results demonstrated a possibility of chemical reactions occurring among the constituents of nanoparticles. Assessments using the well diffusion and MIC methods indicated that the impact of free drugs and nanoparticles on bacteria was equivalent. However, the drug-loaded nanoparticles significantly decreased the colony-forming units (CFUs) within the cell lines compared to free drugs. In conclusion, the synthesis of nanoparticles adhered to environmentally friendly practices and demonstrated safety. The sustained drug release over 100 h facilitated drug accumulation at the bacterial site, resulting in a heightened therapeutic effect on B. melitensis and improved outcomes in brucellosis treatment. The application of these synthesized nanodrugs exhibited promising therapeutic potential.
Impact of ivermectin components on Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus mosquito survival
Authors: Khemrattrakool Pattarapon , Hongsuwong Thitipong , Tipthara Phornpimon , Kullasakboonsri Rattawan , Phanphoowong Theerawit , Sriwichai Patchara , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Jittamala Podjanee , Tarning Joel , Kobylinski Kevin C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. Racemic ivermectin is composed of two components, namely a major component (> 80%; ivermectin B1a), which has an ethyl group at C-26, and a minor component (< 20%; ivermectin B1b), which has a methyl group at C-26. There is no difference between the efficacy of ivermectin B1a and ivermectin B1b efficacy in nematodes, but only ivermectin B1b has been reported to be lethal to snails. The ratios of ivermectin B1a and B1b ratios in ivermectin formulations and tablets can vary between manufacturers and batches. The mosquito-lethal effects of ivermectin B1a and ivermectin B1b have never been assessed. As novel ivermectin formulations are being developed for malaria control, it is important that the mosquito-lethal effects of individual ivermectin B1a and ivermectin B1b compounds be evaluated.

Methods

Racemic ivermectin, ivermectin B1a or ivermectin B1b, respectively, was mixed with human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to Anopheles dirus sensu stricto and Anopheles minimus sensu stricto mosquitoes, and mortality was observed for 10 days. The ivermectin B1a and B1b ratios from commercially available racemic ivermectin and marketed tablets were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results

The results revealed that neither the lethal concentrations that kills 50% (LC50) nor 90% (LC90) of mosquitoes differed between racemic ivermectin, ivermectin B1a or ivermectin B1b for An. dirus or An. minimus, confirming that the individual ivermectin components have equal mosquito-lethal effects. The relative ratios of ivermectin B1a and B1b derived from sourced racemic ivermectin powder were 98.84% and 1.16%, respectively, and the relative ratios for ivermectin B1a and B1b derived from human oral ivermectin tablets were 98.55% and 1.45%, respectively.

Conclusions

The ratio of ivermectin B1a and B1b does not influence the Anopheles mosquito-lethal outcome, an ideal study result as the separation of ivermectin B1a and B1b components at scale is cost prohibitive. Thus, variations in the ratio of ivermectin B1a and B1b between batches and manufacturers, as well as potentially novel formulations for malaria control, should not influence ivermectin mosquito-lethal efficacy.

Graphical abstract
Successful pregnancy with intracytoplasmic sperm injection after bacterial contamination of embryo culture in in vitro fertilization: a case report
Authors: Berkes-Bara Eva , Nemes Annamaria , Dudas Beata , Joo Kata , Murber Akos , Fekecs Gyorgyi , Urbancsek Janos , Fancsovits Peter
Published: May 2024

Background

Bacterial infection of embryo culture medium is rare but may be detrimental. The main source of embryo culture contamination is semen. Assisted reproduction centers currently lack consensus regarding the methods for preventing and managing embryo culture infection. In our recent case, a successful pregnancy was achieved with intracytoplasmic sperm injection after failed conventional in vitro fertilization owing to bacterial contamination.

Case presentation

We present a case report of two consecutive in vitro fertilization–intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with photo and video documentation of the bacterial growth. A 36-year-old Hungarian woman and her 37-year-old Hungarian partner came to our department. They had two normal births followed by 2 years of infertility. The major causes of infertility were a closed fallopian tube and asthenozoospermia. Bacterial infection of the embryo culture medium was observed during in vitro fertilization and all oocytes degenerated. The source was found to be the semen. To prevent contamination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used for fertilization in the subsequent cycle. Intracytoplasmic bacterial proliferation was observed in one of the three fertilized eggs, but two good-quality embryos were successfully obtained. The transfer of one embryo resulted in a successful pregnancy and a healthy newborn was delivered.

Conclusion

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be offered to couples who fail conventional in vitro fertilization treatment owing to bacteriospermia, as it seems to prevent infection of the embryo culture. Even if bacterial contamination appears, our case encourages us to continue treatment. Nevertheless, the development of new management guidelines for the prevention and management of bacterial contamination is essential.
The value of dynamic changes in FT3 level for predicting 90-day prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Luxue , Fu Xiaokang , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping , Tian Geng
Published: May 2024

Objective

To explore the effect of dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) level for predicting the 90 day prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus–related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).

Methods

The clinical data of 122 hospitalised patients with HBV-ACLF between September 2018 and January 2020 were collected and divided into a survival group (77 cases) and a death group (45 cases) according to the 90 day prognosis. We statistically analysed the characteristics of FT3 changes in the two groups of patients. Binary logistic regression one-way analysis was used to assess the degree of influence of each factor. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the effect of a single change in FT3 level difference (single △FT3) and the FT3 level change range (△FT3 range) in predicting the 90-day prognosis of patients.

Results

There were only three types of changes in FT3 levels, which included 19 (15.6%) cases of continuous normal type, 35 (28.7%) cases of continuous decrease type and 68 (55.7%) cases of U-shaped change type. The difference in survival curves between the three types of patients was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The dynamic change type of FT3 is related to the disease severity and 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. The single FT3 value and FT3 range could be used as a predictive factor for the 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. These results have a degree of research value and are worth further exploration in the future.
Typology, current state and non-destructive testing of timber roof trusses of historic churches in the West Vistula Delta, Poland
Authors: Zybała Tomasz , Zielińska Monika , Rucka Magdalena , Przewłócki Jarosław , Grębowski Karol
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the current state of conservation of historic roof churches located in the Żuławy of Gdańsk (Poland). It also describes the architecture of these temples, the region itself and old carpentry techniques for constructing roof trusses. Interdisciplinary tests were carried out in six churches. The geometry of the load bearing structures, the moisture content and the carpentry technique were specified. The field survey also included visual inspections and non-destructive testing of timber structural elements of the roof constructions. The ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic testing methods were used to assess the structure and extent of the damage to the timber elements. The interdisciplinary research presented in this article is important in the planning of historic buildings conservation works and it might be applied to other timber structures.
Maternal immunoglobulins are distributed in the offspring’s brain to support the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period
Authors: Morimoto Keiko , Takahashi Rikuo , Takahashi Goro , Miyajima Michio , Nakajima Kazunori
Published: May 2024

It is known that maternal immunoglobulins (Igs) are transferred to the offspring across the placenta. However, receiving maternal Igs, especially before the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed in the offspring’s brain, carries the risk of transferring some brain-reactive Igs. It is thus hypothesized that there may be some unknown benefit to the offspring’s brain that overweighs this risk. In this study, we show that the Ig detected in the embryonic/perinatal mouse brain is IgG not produced by the pups themselves, but is basically transferred from the mother across the placenta using the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) during embryonic stages. The amount of IgG in the brain gradually decreases after birth, and almost disappears within 3 weeks postnatally. IgG is detected on axon bundles, microglia, and some meningeal cells, including border-associated macrophages (BAMs), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Using Fcer1g knock-out (KO) mice, we show that BAMs and microglia receive maternal IgG in an Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ)-dependent manner, but IgG on other meningeal cells and axon bundles is received independently of the FcRγ. These results suggest that maternal IgG may be used in multiple ways by different mechanisms. In maternal IgG-deficient mice, the number of interneurons in the cerebral cortex is not altered around birth but is reduced postnatally, suggesting that receipt of maternal IgG is necessary for the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period. These data suggest that maternal IgG has an important function in the developing brain, where neither obvious inflammation nor infection is observed.
Bruno Latour
Authors: Stengers Isabelle
Published: May 2024

This memorial to Latour is not an appraisal of his fifty-year research career but the report of a traveling companion with a story to share about the apparent lack of continuity, the sudden, unapologetic, unprincipled changes of position, with which he surprised or scandalized his colleagues and readers. In the first place, was he a sociologist, an anthropologist, a philosopher? Though he did not make lasting commitments of that kind, he did make deeper ones that did not change—above all, never to explain anything in terms of something more general and, thus, never to accept the position of judge. To follow Latour's problematic changes—sometimes referred to as his “versatility”—demands that we follow the changes of the very terms of the problems that his basic commitment bound him to confront. From the 1980s, when his work dealt with technoscientific progress, to the years of his growing concern with political ecology, and finally to his recognition of the oncoming climate chaos, dizzying leaps were entailed by his resistance to the temptation of judging. Involved in, but never the cause of, various of his leaps, Stengers describes her friend as responding, perforce, to changing times, rather than as behaving like a theorist thinking mainly of his image, reputation, and career.
Ερμηνευτικό υπόμνημα στον Επιτάφιο του Δημοσθένη
Authors: Μανωλάκης Αναστάσιος
Published: May 2024

Οι Επιτάφιοι λόγοι εκφωνούνταν στην Αθήνα για να τιμηθούν επίσημα οι νεκροί των πολέμων. Από τους έξι σωζόμενους, ο Επιτάφιος του Δημοσθένη εκφωνήθηκε το 338 π.Χ., λίγο μετά την ατυχή μάχη της Χαιρώνειας. Επειδή είναι γνωστό πως όντως εκφωνήθηκε και δεν αποτελεί τμήμα ενός ευρύτερου κειμένου, η μελέτη του μάς επιτρέπει να διαπιστώσουμε τη Ρητορική τεχνική σε σχέση με την τρέχουσα ιστορική συγκυρία στην Ελλάδα. Η παρούσα διατριβή συντάχθηκε ως ένα ερμηνευτικό λημματικό υπόμνημα εκτεταμένης μορφής, κάτι που έλειπε από την έως τώρα Βιβλιογραφία του Επιταφίου, κυρίως διότι ο λόγος αθετήθηκε ήδη από την αρχαιότητα, ως μη σχετικός με τη γλώσσα και το πνεύμα του Δημοσθένη. Μελετώντας τα σημαντικότερα χειρόγραφα που συνθέτουν τις δύο κύριες οικογένειες χειρογράφων προβήκαμε σε παρατηρήσεις σχετικές με την έκδοση του κειμένου που, σε πολλά σημεία, επέτρεψαν τη διασάφηση ζητημάτων περιεχομένου. Η μελέτη του Ύφους είναι αναγκαία καθώς επιτρέπει, πρώτον, την κατανόηση της ρητορείας του Δημοσθένη σε έναν επιδεικτικό λόγο· δεύτερον, συμβάλλει στη διαλεύκανση του ζητήματος της αυθεντικότητας του Επιταφίου. Η τυπική γλωσσική έκφραση του ρήτορα απουσιάζει, τούτο ερμηνεύεται ωστόσο λόγω του διαφορετικού είδους, το οποίο απαιτεί μετριοπάθεια και ευπρέπεια, σε καμία πάντως περίπτωση πάθος. Το λεξιλόγιο και τα σχήματα λόγου και διανοίας που αξιοποίησε ο ρήτορας, όμως, δεν είναι ξένα στον Δημοσθένη. Οι συνήθεις τόποι, παρουσιασμένοι εν τάχει, προσιδιάζουν με τη συγκυρία, της οποία η βασική παράμετρος, η οδυνηρή ήττα, ανιχνεύεται στον λόγο: ο Δημοσθένης αναφέρεται και στην πολιτική του αλλά και στα αίτια της νίκης του Φιλίππου και στην αξιοπρεπή ειρήνη που, κατ’ αυτόν, επιτρέπει στους Αθηναίους να αισθάνονται υπερήφανοι. Τα ουσιώδη τούτα στοιχεία πείθουν πως ο λόγος που μελετήσαμε προοριζόταν να εκφωνηθεί -το μελαγχολικό φθινόπωρο του 338 π.Χ., πιστεύουμε, ως ο Δημοσθένους Ἐπιτάφιος. Εν κατακλείδι, ο LX λόγος του δημοσθενικού corpus, πλήρης καινοτομιών και παρεκκλίσεων, αποδεικνύει πως αξίζει την προσοχή των μελετητών, καθώς απεικονίζει ένα σημείο καμπής στην πολιτική και στρατιωτική ιστορία της Αθήνας και, το σημαντικότερο, την αντίδραση του Δημοσθένη αμέσως μετά από μία αποτυχία της πολιτικής του. Τα συμπεράσματα για τη Ρητορική και την Ιστορία, τη Φιλολογία εν γένει, δεν είναι πενιχρά.
INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC EFFICIENCY ON KARBALA ROADS
Authors: Khudhair Hayder S. , Al-Jameel Hamid A.E. , Konoplev Vladimir N.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we analyze the operation of the road network of the city of Karbala in Iraq, which is characterized by its religious and tourist character, and evaluate the effectiveness of the urban street network in it in order to identify the main steps that need to be taken to take measures to improve traffic efficiency and reduce delays. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that it is the first of its kind, as far as we know, which addresses the problem of traffic efficiency in the city of Karbala as a whole, since the traffic density on the main transport axes in this city varies greatly during normal times and peak hours (morning and evening). The results of the analysis showed that some sectors operate in conditions of congested (stable) traffic (LOS F) in the morning and evening hours, and such sectors require immediate traffic management strategies. While the rest of the sectors are operating at or close to the same capacity (LOSE).
Purpose - Analyzed the operation of the Karbala city road network in Iraq and evaluate its effectiveness to identify the main steps that need to be taken to improve traffic efficiency and reduce delays.
Methodology. In this work, an experimental analytical methodology was used, in which data were collected, analyzed and compared with relevant information sources.
Results. The categories of urban roads were determined based on the speed of free movement (FFS), and the level of service (LOS) is calculated for selected urban streets taking into account the average speed of traffic (ATS). Measurements of speed and travel time showed that traffic jams occurred on Fatima Al-Zahra Street, the second part of Ramadan Street and some sections of Al-Abbas Street in the morning. These areas require immediate traffic management strategies. In the evening, traffic jams were also observed on sections of Fatima Al-Zahra Street, part 2 of Al-Iskan Street and the first section of Ramadan Street. The decrease in traffic speed led to traffic jams on Al-Abbas, Al-Iskan Streets and some sections of Fatima Al-Zahra Street. Low FPS values indicate that the average speed of movement in these areas is low even with a small flow.
Practical implications. It is recommended to apply the results obtained to the Traffic Management Department of the city of Karbala.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Koleber Yuliya А. , Mochalin Sergey М.
Published: May 2024

The development of the conceptual apparatus in the field of assessing the organization of urban passenger transportation allows us to form objective evaluation mechanisms for further improvement of the work of urban public passenger transport. Today in the presence of a number of problems in the field of transport services for the population of large and largest cities the task of forming a sound assessment system for the organization of urban passenger transportation becomes the most urgent. However for such an assessment different authors use different categories: "effectiveness", "efficiency", and "quality".
There are no works that would allow us to determine the most appropriate category in relation to the functioning of urban public passenger transport. The article conducts a study of these categories, presents their comparative analysis and considers the possibilities of their use to evaluate the operation of the system in question.
Purpose. The main objective of the article is to select a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation.
 Methodology. The method of analysis and the method of systematization of data were used in carrying out the research.
Results. The essence of each of such categories as "effectiveness", "efficiency" and "quality" in relation to the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is determined. The interrelationships between the categories and their significant differences are determined. The choice of the category of assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is justified.
 The scope of the results. The results obtained can be guided by scientists and specialists involved in the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation.
Conclusions. It is recommended when choosing a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation to reflect its essence, which is defined in this article.
ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE COEFFICIENT OF LABOR PARTICIPATION OF OPERATORS OF LINES, MACHINES AND PLANTS USING THE 1C:ENTERPRISE SYSTEM
Authors: Chikina Ayzilya I. , Ishmuradova Izida I.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study was to improve the remuneration system for operators of automatic lines, machines and plants by using the labor participation rate, which will allow making optimal management decisions on accounting for payroll settlements with staff and the achieving of strategic goals of the organization. The article suggests the ways to solve the problem using the example of improving the system of awarding bonuses to the staff of a manufacturing enterprise, it is recommended to use formulas that allow evaluating the productivity of an individual employee. Software implementation in the 1C:Enterprise system is performed. The developed software solution allows you to automate the process of calculating bonuses for operators of lines, machines and plants, taking into account the amount of work each employee does. The proposed algorithm for calculating the labor participation coefficient is supposed to be developed in further studies to more accurately assess the contribution of an employee's labor, for example, by taking into account defects and evaluating the quality of manufactured products.
Purpose. Development of an algorithm for calculating the coefficient of labor participation of operators of lines, machines and plants using the 1C:Enterprise system.
Methodology: in article methods for formalizing and specifying formulas used in calculating the labor participation rate, and also development methods on the 1C:Enterprise platform were used.
Results. The software implementation of calculating the premiums of operators of lines, machines and plants taking into account the labor participation coefficient is performed.
Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results the manufacturing enterprises staffed by operators of automatic or semi-automatic lines, machines and plants.
PROBLEMS OF SURFACE DEFECTOSCOPY OF METALS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND WAYS FOR THEIR SOLUTIONS
Authors: Rybakov Kirill M. , Khamitov Renat M.
Published: May 2024

Rejection of metal products is an important stage of the production process aimed at ensuring the best quality of the final product. Traditional rejection methods, based on visual inspection or the use of simple automated systems, have their limitations and disadvantages, such as low speed and accuracy of defect classification. The paper examines the possibility of using various machine learning methods to classify defects in metal products. A comparative analysis of these algorithms, as well as their effectiveness, is carried out in order to determine the most suitable approach to the automatic rejection of metal products.
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION MODEL OF THE ROAD NETWORK SECTION OF THE CITY OF KAZAN
Authors: Gnezditskiy Mikhail A. , Silkina Olga Yu. , Zaripova Rimma S.
Published: May 2024

The article considers the process of developing a simulation model of the road network section of the city of Kazan in order to improve road safety. The choice of modelling tools is carried out and the load of Kazan city roads is studied.
Arnold-Chiari Syndrome – a review
Authors: Pociecha Agnieszka , Kozikowska Marta , Kmak Bożena , Szot Anna , Górska Magdalena , Stuglik Nikola , Hitnarowicz Anna , Janocha Aleksandra , Jerzak Aneta
Published: May 2024

Arnold Chiari syndrome, also known as Chiari malformation, is a group of deformations of the posterior cranial fossa and hindbrain, consisting in the lowering of the cerebellum or its tonsils towards the occipital foramen. This leads to a reduction in the volume reserve within the foramen magnum, pressure on surrounding structures and obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The process is most often asymptomatic. Symptoms include headaches, neck pain, but also fainting, sinus bradycardia, coordination disorders and many others. Chiari malformation is often diagnosed incidentally. The basis of diagnosis is the detection of characteristic morphological features in magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical treatment is successfully used among patients with severe Arnold-Chiari syndrome and progression of clinical symptoms.
 
Materials and methods
Literature included in the PubMed, BioMed Central and Polish Medical Platform databases searched by means of the words such as Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, radiosurgery, stereotactic radiotherapy. Sources quoted in selected works were also used.
Summary
Arnold-Chiari malformation is often discovered incidentally. If the features observed on MRI suggest the above diagnosis, the patient should be referred to a neurologist. After excluding other possible causes of the imaged morphological features and performing a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging examination, the neurosurgeon decides whether to qualify for the procedure. In a selected group of patients, significant improvement can be expected after surgical treatment.
Dolor mixto: un nuevo paradigma para diagnosticar y tratar este síntoma
Authors: Calderon Ospina Carlos Alberto , Rueda Aleida
Published: May 2024

Desde hace algunos años se habla de un nuevo concepto que refleja la complejidad de sentir un dolor aparentemente inexplicable. Y aunque aún falta evidencia para formalizarlo dentro de la práctica médica, para muchos ya se ha convertido en una forma distinta de explorar el dolor y de tratar a los pacientes que lo experimentan.
Robust Multiple Stopping—A Duality Approach
Authors: Laeven Roger J. A. , Schoenmakers John G. M. , Schweizer Nikolaus , Stadje Mitja
Published: May 2024

We develop a method to solve, theoretically and numerically, general optimal stopping problems. Our general setting allows for multiple exercise rights—that is, optimal multiple stopping—for a robust evaluation that accounts for model uncertainty with a dominated family of priors and for general reward processes driven by multidimensional jump-diffusions. Our approach relies on first establishing robust martingale dual representation results for the multiple stopping problem that satisfy appealing almost sure pathwise optimality properties. Next, we exploit these theoretical results to develop upper and lower bounds that, as we formally show, not only converge to the true solution asymptotically, but also constitute genuine prelimiting upper and lower bounds. We illustrate the applicability of our approach in a few examples and analyze the impact of model uncertainty on optimal multiple stopping strategies.

Funding: R. J. A. Laeven received financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [Grants NWO-Vidi and NWO-Vici]. J. G. M. Schoenmakers received financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Excellence Cluster Math+ Berlin [Project AA4-2].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2021.0237 .
Night staff fatigue
Authors: Troth Sarah-Louise
Published: May 2024

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout was reported to be prevalent among healthcare staff ( Lancet, 2019 ). Following the pandemic, there has been an increase in staff wellbeing awareness, and the emotional and physical strains felt by the healthcare workforce have been acknowledged and discussed. Associated fatigue risks increasing this burnout prevalence, especially among healthcare assistants that work at night, who are particularly susceptible to fatigue as a result of the opposing circadian rhythm demands (Geiger-Brown et al, 2019).

Aim:

This survey aimed to: identify what fatigue management strategies have been utilised among night staff in an acute NHS trust; examine the attitudes towards, and culture surrounding, power naps; identify the prevalence of associated risk for patients and staff wellbeing; and identify current barriers to fatigue management. This article aims to utilise the information gathered to make recommendations for optimising fatigue management among night staff within a hospital environment.
Activities of living, 5: eating and drinking
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2024

This article provides an overview of the fundamental activities of eating and drinking. It also recognises the key role nutrition plays in patient wellbeing and provides healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) with an understanding of the intricacies that are involved in supporting individuals through this essential activity of living. Assisting with the assessment of nutritional needs and the dietary needs of patients are key elements of care provision.
Men and hair loss: A guide for primary care nurses
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2024

Ian Peate looks at the causes and psychological impact of alopecia, with strategies for supporting patients
‘A school nurse in every school’
Authors: Oxtoby Kathy
Published: May 2024

Sector leaders have called for action to address the steep decline in the number of school nurses in England, and have published a report exploring the issues. Kathy Oxtoby looks at the findings
Imaging modalities for the equine distal limb
Authors: Taylor Sarah E
Published: May 2024

There has been huge investment in computed tomography machines and standing equine magnetic resonance imaging systems across the UK in recent years, with several practices now offering both imaging modalities. It can be difficult to determine which of these imaging modalities is best for imaging the equine distal limb without a good understanding of how each of the imaging systems work practically, and which specific tissues are better evaluated using computed tomography compared to magnetic resonance imaging. It is often not known which tissue is injured when selecting an imaging modality to use. All standing systems, be it magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, are affected by patient motion, which can be markedly reduced by the use of general anaesthesia. This article describes the practical features of some of the various systems available for standing distal limb magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, and advises on case selection for each modality.
Equine metabolic syndrome: part 1
Authors: Johnson Philip J
Published: May 2024

Both obesity and equine metabolic syndrome are being increasingly recognised. The underlying endocrine abnormality, insulin dysregulation, represents a high risk for endocrinopathic (hyperinsulinaemia-associated) laminitis. Early recognition and prompt treatment of the condition is crucial for the prevention of laminitis, a potentially severe disease that can have a fatal outcome. This article summarises current understanding of metabolic syndrome and its relationship to obesity. Current guidelines regarding early clinical recognition and corroborating diagnostic tests have been provided.
Bibliometric Investigation in Misconceptions and Conceptual Change Over Three Decades of Science Education
Authors: Amiruddin Mohd Zaidi Bin , Samsudin Achmad , Suhandi Andi , Costu Bayram
Published: May 2024

This paper explores information related to misconceptions and conceptual change during the last thirty years 1992-2022 to be used as a preliminary study in science education. This study used bibliometric analysis with the help of the Scopus database. This paper used a bibliometric analysis study with the Scopus database and the help of MS Excel, VosViewer, and Rpackage software to visualize the data obtained. The results of this research found that Indonesian researchers have contributed the most in terms of the number of documents published in Australia and the United States. Additionally, research on these two topics has decreased since 2019 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, these findings present trends in the areas of misconceptions and conceptual change that can be used as baseline data for future research. Studies related to misconceptions will continue to develop because they cannot be separated from the inside of education, whether at any level of elementary school, middle school, or college. This is an opportunity that must be taken advantage of by institutions and policies in an effort to improve and create quality of education, teacher resources, and students.
Ideological Crisis, Compliance, and Self-Censorship: Identifying the Symptoms of Sinhala-Speaking Theatre Through Its Responses to the Civil War
Authors: Priyanka Chamila
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Although many Sinhala-speaking plays created in Sri Lanka after the 1960s focused on contemporary political and social issues, there were surprisingly few theatre productions that addressed the civil war, a significant political crisis in Sri Lanka. Additionally, those few plays that addressed the Civil War failed to provide an opposing thought to the racist ideology that led to the Civil War. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to discuss the issues that caused Sinhala-speaking theatre to pay less attention to the civil war. French philosopher Louis Althusser claimed that “The Ideological State Apparatuses function massively and predominantly by ideology, but they also function secondarily by repression” (Althusser 1971: 145). Along with the argument by Althusser, I will also explore how ideology and repression weaken the significance of the war for the Sinhala-speaking theatre during wartime .
Flesh, “Discovery,” and Loss in Colonial Sumatra: The Case of the Corpse Flower in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Botany
Authors: Ayers Elaine
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: In May 1818, Joseph Arnold—a surgeon and naturalist working under British statesman Thomas Stamford Raffles—came across what he called the “vegetable of the prodigy world,” a flower so unbelievable in its size, putrid odor, and fleshiness that it would challenge the limits of floral life for colonial naturalists thereafter. Tracing the material history of the so-called corpse flower, Rafflesia arnoldii , over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and its place—or lack thereof—in colonial collections, this article explores how natural historical knowledge develops when specimens cannot be fully collected, described, or possessed outside of the field. Facing a lack of physical evidence and the utter inability to preserve, pack, and ship the massive, stinking, and ephemeral corpse flower to Britain and Europe from its Sumatran home, naturalists like Arnold struggled with disbelief and self-doubt while moving through colonial networks of exploration, competition, and death in the rainforests of Southeast Asia. Loss, this article argues, held significant weight in colonial collecting, challenging notions of material abundance in herbaria and natural history museums.
The Strange Anonymity of John Vanbrugh
Authors: Hume Robert D.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Nineteen editions of works rightly attributed to John Vanbrugh appeared in print in London between 1697 and 1718—all issued anonymously, a fact hitherto ignored by scholars. Vanbrugh was a playhouse habitué, as Colley Cibber and others make clear. English critics hailed his plays, the principals of which were published under his name in Holland. But anonymity was clearly his choice: his primary interests lay in government office and architecture. Ambitions achieved and knighted in 1714, Vanbrugh allowed his old friend Tonson to use his name on the 1719 edition of the major plays.
Experimental validation of numerical point spread function calculation including aberration estimation
Authors: Holinirina Dina Miora Ratsimandresy , Senftleben Maximilian , Abrahamsson Sara , Rohwer Erich , Heintzmann Rainer , Bosman Gurthwin
Published: May 2024

Image reconstruction in fluorescence microscopy is highly sensitive to the accuracy of the impulse response, defined as the point spread function (PSF), of the optical system under which the image to reconstruct was acquired. In our previous work, we developed a MATLAB toolbox for accurately calculating realistic vector Fourier-based PSF accounting for any type of aberrations [arXiv, arXiv:2301.13515 (2023)10.48550/arXiv.2301.13515]. In this work, we present a fundamental experimental validation of these numerical methods. The simulated results are found to fit experimental data under different image acquisition conditions at an accuracy higher than 0.97 in normalized cross-correlation. These methods enable a relative contrast of up to 95%.
Simulation of gradient period polarization volume gratings for augmented reality displays
Authors: Yang Canran , Wei Ran , Yang Wenchang , Weng Yishi , Gu Yuchen , Wang Chuang , Shen Zhongwen , Wang Baoping , Zhang Yuning
Published: May 2024

Augmented reality (AR) displays are gaining attention as next-generation intelligent display technologies. Diffractive waveguide technologies are progressively becoming the AR display industry's preferred option. Gradient period polarization volume holographic gratings (PVGs), which are considered to have the potential to expand the field of view (FOV) of waveguide display systems due to their wide bandwidth diffraction characteristics, have been proposed as coupling elements for diffraction waveguide systems in recent years. Here, what we believe to be a novel modeling method for gradient period PVGs is proposed by incorporating grating stacking and scattering analysis utilizing rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) theory. The diffraction efficiency and polarization response were extensively explored using this simulation model. In addition, a dual-layer full-color diffractive waveguide imaging simulation using proposed gradient period PVGs is accomplished in Zemax software using a self-compiled dynamic link library (DLL), achieving a 53° diagonal FOV at a 16:9 aspect ratio. This work furthers the development of PVGs by providing unique ideas for the field of view design of AR display.
Efficient (∼10%) generation of vacuum ultraviolet femtosecond pulses via four-wave mixing in hollow-core fibers
Authors: Forbes Ruaridh , Hockett Paul , Leterrier Quentin , Lausten Rune
Published: May 2024

We report the generation of the fifth harmonic of Ti:sapphire, at 160 nm, with more than 4 µJ of pulse energy and a pulse length of 37 fs with a 1 kHz repetition rate. The vacuum ultraviolet pulses are produced using four-wave difference frequency mixing in a He-filled stretched hollow-core fiber, driven by a pump at 267 nm and seeded at 800 nm. Guided by simulations using Luna.jl, we are able to optimize the process carefully. The result is a conversion efficiency of ∼10% from the 267 nm pump beam.
Birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Bekana Teshome , Kassie Sisay Yitayih , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Dube Geleta Nenko , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Emanu Milkias Dugassa , Dubale Abiy Tasew , Chereka Alex Ayenew , Kitil Gemeda Wakgari , Degefa Bekem Dibaba , Seyife Aselefech , Ahmed Abdurahman Mohammed , Gebreegziabher Zenebe Abebe , Workie Sewnet Getaye
Published: May 2024

Maternal and child deaths occur during pregnancy and delivery. Timely information on signs of pregnancy complications and ways to plan for normal birth is a strategy to reduce maternal and child deaths. The purpose of this study was to assess birth preparedness, and pregnancy complications readiness and identify associated factors in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 1635 weighted samples of pregnant women were included for analysis from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data set. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of potential variables on birth preparedness and complication readiness. STATA version 15 software was used for data processing and analysis. A variable with a p-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered a significant factor. Pregnant women were informed about convulsions (8.02%), fever (35.95%), abdominal pain (28.92%), leaking fluid from the vagina (28.21%), and blurred vision (17.98%). Pregnant women prepared for supplies needed for birth (38.70%), transportation (20.04%), money (18.97%), people’s support for birth (5.03%), and blood donors (3.11%). Only 56% and 44.91% of pregnant women had good birth preparedness and were informed about pregnancy complications respectively. Educational status, antenatal care visits, and region were significant factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. Distance to health facility and residency were significantly associated with birth and complication readiness, respectively. Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women were low in Ethiopia. Empowering women with education, installing safe roads, building accessible health facilities, and emphasizing pregnancy complications and birth preparedness plans during antenatal care visits are important interventions to enhance birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness.
Adolescent pregnancy persists in Nigeria: Does household heads’ age matter?
Authors: Mbulu Christian Otado , Yang Li , Wallen Gwenyth R.
Published: May 2024

About 700,000 pregnant youths die each year in developing countries. To determine whether the persistent adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018 was influenced by proximal factors, particularly household head age, we carried out a cross-sectional study on adolescent girls that participated in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Age of first birth, residence type, age, and gender of household heads was collected using a 2018 standardized NDHS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to test for associations. We analyzed 8,448 adolescents who had experienced pregnancy during the study period. The results demonstrated that girls with male household heads aged 45 and older have lower odds of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.619; 95% CI = 0.447, 0.856; p = 0.004 compared to those with female household heads in the same age group. Girls with male household heads in three younger age groups have higher odds of adolescent pregnancy than those with female household heads in the corresponding age group (15–24: OR = 1.719, 95% CI = 1.042, 2.835, p = 0.034; 25–34: OR = 4.790, 95% CI = 1.986, 11.551, p < 0.001; 35–44: OR = 2.080, 95% CI = 1.302, 3.323, p = 0.002). Girls with household heads aged in the 15–24 and 25–34 groups had higher odds of adolescent pregnancy compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Higher odds of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria were found among girls with household heads aged in the 15–24 and 25–34 groups compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Although girls with younger male household heads are at an increased risk nationally, those living in the rural areas with younger household heads are at an even higher risk for adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, levels of socioecological model must be considered in planning for effective interventions.
An evolutionary game analysis of algorithmic indirect copyright infringement from the perspective of collusion between UGC platforms and direct infringers
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Shen Yuxuan , Zhou Lanlan
Published: May 2024

User-generated content (UGC) is developing rapidly as an emerging platform form, however, the problem of indirect copyright infringement by algorithms is becoming more and more prominent, and infringement governance has become a key act in the development of UGC platforms. When infringement occurs, recommendation algorithms expand the scope and results of infringement, while platforms choose to conspire with direct infringers for their own interests, making it difficult for infringed persons to defend their rights. In order to analyse the influence of different factors in the platform ecosystem on the subject’s behavioural strategies, a "platform-infringer" evolutionary game model is constructed, and numerical simulation is used to verify the correctness of the stable results. Based on the simulation results, it is concluded that the factors of uncertain revenue, punishment and reputation loss have important influence on the decision-making behaviour of the subject of infringement governance, and accordingly, the proposed measures on the publishers, platforms and the legal level of the government are conducive to the evolution of the system to the point of positive regulation and stability of rights protection, with a view to promoting the healthier and more stable development of the UGC platforms.