bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refinement of cg05575921 demethylation response in nascent smoking
Authors: Dawes Kelsey , Andersen Allan , Papworth Emma , Hundley Brandon , Hutchens Natasha , El Manawy Heba , Becker Ashley , Sampson Luke , Philibert Willem , Gibbons Frederick X. , Gerrard Meg , Philibert Robert
Published: June 2020

The initiation of adolescent smoking is difficult to detect using carbon monoxide or cotinine assays. Previously, we and others have shown that the methylation of cg05575921 is an accurate predictor of adult smoking status. But the dose and time dependency of the demethylation response to smoking initiation in adolescents is not yet well understood. To this end, we conducted three consecutive annual in-person interviews and biological samplings of 448 high school students (wave 1 (W1)-wave 3 (W3)). At W1 (n = 448), 62 subjects reported using tobacco and 72 subjects reported using cannabis at least once in their life-time with 38 and 20 subjects having a positive cotinine and cannabinoid levels, respectively, at W1 intake. At W3 (n = 383), 67 subjects reported using tobacco and 60 subjects reported using cannabis at least once with 75 and 60 subjects having positive cotinine and cannabinoid levels, respectively, at W3. Subjects with undetectable cotinine levels at all three-time waves had stable levels of cg05575921 methylation throughout the study (88.7% at W1 and 88.8% at W3, n = 149), while subjects with positive cotinine levels at all 3 time points manifested a steady decrease in cg05575921 methylation (81.8% at W1 and 71.3% at the W3, n = 12). In those subjects with an affirmative smoking self-report at W3 (n = 17), the amount of demethylation at cg05575921 was correlated with time and intensity of smoking. We conclude that cg05575921 methylation is a sensitive, dose-dependent indicator of early stages of smoking, and may help to identify smokers in the early stages of smoking.
Event-triggered sampled-data synchronization of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays
Authors: Yang Yang , Long Yue
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the event-triggered sampled-data synchronization problem of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays. The sampled-data controller is designed with event-triggered mechanisms. Some results in terms of a linear matrix inequality are obtained to guarantee the asymptotical synchronization of complex networks with time-varying coupling delays. Lastly, we test the effectiveness of the proposed method via some numerical examples.
Numerical solution for the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation via shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the fourth kind
Authors: Habenom Haile , Suthar D. L.
Published: June 2020

This paper provides a numerical approach for solving the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation (FFPE). The authors use the shifted Chebyshev collocation method and the finite difference method (FDM) to present the fractional Fokker–Planck equation into systems of nonlinear equations; the Newton–Raphson method is used to produce approximate results for the nonlinear systems. The results obtained from the FFPE demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Inter-individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor: consistency, weather effects, and fitness correlates
Authors: Cecere Jacopo G. , De Pascalis Federico , Imperio Simona , Ménard Delphine , Catoni Carlo , Griggio Matteo , Rubolini Diego
Published: June 2020

Background

Consistent inter-individual differences in behavioural phenotypes may entail differences in energy efficiency and expenditure, with different fitness payoffs. In colonial-breeding species, inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour may evolve to reduce resource use overlap among conspecifics exploiting shared foraging areas. Furthermore, individual differences in foraging behaviour may covary with individual characteristics, such as sex or physiological conditions.

Methods

We investigated individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor, the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). We tracked foraging trips of breeding individuals using miniaturized biologgers. We classified behaviours from GPS data and identified tactics at the foraging trip level by cluster analysis. We then estimated energy expenditure associated to each tactic from tri-axial accelerometer data.

Results

We obtained 489 foraging trips by 36 individuals. Two clusters of trips were identified, one (SF) characterized by more static foraging behaviour and the other (DF) by more dynamic foraging behaviour, with a higher proportion of flying activity and a higher energy expenditure compared to SF. Lesser kestrels showed consistent inter-individual differences in foraging tactics across weather condition gradients, favouring DF trips as solar radiation and crosswind intensity increased. DF trips were more frequent during the nestling-rearing than during the egg incubation stage. Nestlings whose tracked parent was more prone to perform DF trips experienced higher daily mass increase, irrespective of nestling feeding rates.

Conclusions

Our study provided evidence that breeding lesser kestrels flexibly adopted different foraging tactics according to contingent weather landscapes, with birds showing consistent inter-individual differences in the tendency to adopt a given tactic. The positive correlation between the tendency to perform more energy-demanding DF trips and nestling growth suggests that individual differences in foraging behaviour may play a role in maintaining key life-history trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance.
Plant chemical priming by humic acids
Authors: Canellas Luciano P. , Canellas Natália O. A. , da S. Irineu Luiz Eduardo Souza , Olivares Fábio L. , Piccolo Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Background

Global market of humic substances has been increasing steadily based on the perception of the multifunctional properties as plant biostimulant, microbial vehicle and plant protective agent against environmental stress. Some field assays and many experimental observations have shown that humic matter could relieve the abiotic stress effects. Here, we explored the plant chemical priming effect concept, i.e., plant preconditioning by prior exposure to an appropriate dose of humic acids with the objective to reduce toxicity from a subsequent harmful exposure to abiotic stressor, such as salinity, drought, heavy metals and humic acids themselves.

Materials and methods

The prime state (PS) was characterized using traditional stress markers like proline content and catalase activity was well as the transcription level of mRNA of phytohormones-responsive genes, cell signaling, stress-responsive genes and transcription factors. A dose–response curve was built for stressor agents since maize seedlings in the PS were submitted to salinity, drought, chromium toxicity and humic acids concentration to reduce 50% of root fresh weight with respect to control plants.

Results

The PS or adaptive response by biostimulation of humic substances was described at transcriptional level, where the hormonal signaling pathways including abscisic acid, gibberellic and auxins, specific abiotic functional and regulatory stress-responsive genes were positively modulated. The negative impact of stressor agents was alleviated in the maize seedlings primed by humic acids.

Conclusion

Chemical priming by humic substances is a promising field tool in plant stress physiology and crop stress management.
Precision-based modeling approaches for necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Kovler Mark L. , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J.
Published: June 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and remains stubbornly difficult to treat in many cases. Much of our understanding of NEC pathogenesis has been gained through the study of highly translational animal models. However, most models of NEC are limited by their overall complexity and by the fact that they do not incorporate human tissue. To address these limitations, investigators have recently developed precision-based ex vivo models of NEC, also termed ‘NEC-in-a-dish’ models, which provide the opportunity to increase our understanding of this disease and for drug discovery. These approaches involve exposing intestinal cells from either humans or animals with or without NEC to a combination of environmental and microbial factors associated with NEC pathogenesis. This Review highlights the current progress in the field of NEC model development, introduces NEC-in-a-dish models as a means to understand NEC pathogenesis and examines the fundamental questions that remain unanswered in NEC research. By answering these questions, and through a renewed focus on precision model development, the research community may finally achieve enduring success in improving the outcome of patients with this devastating disease.
A rare jejunum retroperitoneal hernia case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Qiling , He Huiqing , Li Yumin , Zeng Junjie
Published: June 2020

This report describes a rare case of retroperitoneal hernia and its preoperative diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced CT and multiplanar reconstruction were used to observe the hernia ring, hernia tract, contents and blood flow of a retroperitoneal hernia. The diagnosis of and conditions related to the retroperitoneal hernia were confirmed by CT soon after hospitalisation. There are no reports on the diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal hernia on CT in the literature to date, and we share this case to facilitate the accurate and timely identification of small intestine retroperitoneal hernias in the future.
Πολεοδομία και πανδημία στη συμπαγή πόλη της Μεσογείου: Ανθρωπογεωγραφικές παράπλευρες απώλειες του Covid-19
Authors: Leontidou Lila
Published: June 2020

Οι παράπλευρες απώλειες από τα μέτρα κοινωνικής απομόνωσης συνοψίζονται στην απώλεια της ίδιας της πόλης, που δεν μπορεί να συγκροτηθεί συλλογικά από έγκλειστους πολίτες, και επεκτείνονται στην σφράγιση των ελεύθερων δημόσιων και κοινών χώρων. Αυτοί θα αποτελούσαν αντίδοτο στο συνωστισμό της συμπαγούς πόλης και στις επιδημίες, που έθεσαν και τις αρχές της πολεοδομικής νομοθεσίας και των παρεμβάσεων στις ευρωπαϊκές πόλεις ήδη από τον 19ο αιώνα. Παρακολουθούμε εδώ τις δυστοπίες που προέκυψαν σε τρεις πολεοδομικές κλίμακες – παγκόσμια και ευρωπαϊκή, αστική, ιδιωτική (Μένουμε Σπίτι) – και, στη συνέχεια, προεκτείνουμε στην ευρύτερη κοινωνική συγκρότηση, που μεταλλάσσεται από το κοινωνικό κράτος στο οργουελιανό, με την απώλεια δικαιωμάτων του πολίτη με την ευκαιρία της πανδημίας. Το άρθρο αυτό γράφτηκε πριν τελειώσει η καραντίνα και πριν ανακοινωθεί η πολεοδομική παρέμβαση των πεζοδρομήσεων στην Αθήνα, που θα έδινε ένα ακόμα έναυσμα για μια κριτική προσέγγιση της πολεοδομίας σε καιρό πανδημίας.
Haemodialysis patients' experience with fatigue: a phenomenological study
Authors: Rezaei Zahra , Jalali Amir , Jalali Rostam , Sadeghi Masoud
Published: June 2020

Fatigue is one of the main and serious problems that affects haemodialysis patients' quality of life. It should be actively evaluated and, in this process, cooperation between the patient, their family, and healthcare staff is needed to examine fatigue and improve the quality of healthcare and the patient's life. The aim of the present research was to investigate haemodialysis patients' experiences of fatigue. In this qualitative phenomenological study, 12 participants were selected from haemodialysis patients in two health centres in Iran through purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and the collected data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. Two main themes, the nature of fatigue and the perception of fatigue, were found. In addition, the results revealed six secondary themes: physical problems, psychosocial problems, behavioural problems, limitations, need for support, and burnout. The results help to clarify the concept and nature of fatigue for this group of haemodialysis patients.
Mask-Ed (KRS Simulation) an approach to deliver intimate care for neophyte nursing students: the creator's experience
Authors: Reid-Searl Kerry
Published: June 2020

Nurses deliver intimate care to patients in a variety of ways, especially when attending to showering, bathing, toileting and managing chronic or surgical wounds located in body regions such as the genitalia or breasts. Neophyte undergraduate nursing students can experience fear and anxiety at the thought of carrying out this level of care; hence, there is a need for preparation prior to undertaking clinical placements when students encounter real patients. The preparation should begin in the laboratory context of their tertiary educational settings. Traditionally, task trainers and manikins have been used to demonstrate and practise this care in such environments. However, the realism of experiencing true human responses, by both the patient and student, can be lost through these modalities. In recent years, a simulation approach, Mask-Ed, has enabled intimate care to be taught to students in a university setting in Australia where the laboratory context provides a safety net. Mask-Ed involves the informed educator wearing highly realistic silicone props that include torsos, faces and hands. Having donned the props, the educator then transforms into another person. The newly created person has a backstory designed to enable the educator to become a platform for teaching and to coach students through the clinical experience. The following discussion explains the background to Mask-Ed and the underlying framework that is used to implement the technique to teach intimate care. Mask-Ed is considered one of the most realistic approaches to simulation and is used in healthcare facilities and tertiary educational institutions globally.
‘I think I had to move backwards before I could move forward again’: a psychosocial case study exploring the interweaving of desistance from violent offending and professional youth worker identity formation
Authors: Harris Pete
Published: June 2020

This article explores the interweaving of desistance from violent offending and professional identity formation via a psychosocial case study of a youth worker undergoing training in the UK. It follows the trainee for five years as he attempts to leave his past as a football hooligan behind him and construct a new professional identity as a youth worker. I argue that the case exemplifies how some youth professionals with lived experience of violence, if not given the time and space to build reflexive awareness, may struggle to meet the demands of professional roles such as youth work. I identify what I see as some implications for the promotion of ex-violent offenders as role models to young men involved in violence, as has recently found support within popular and political arenas in the UK. The article concludes that training and continuing professional development regimes, when designed for those with a history of violent offending, might benefit from the deep understanding of violence, professional identity formation and desistance that psychosocial analysis offers.
Observing the Goos–Hänchen shift for a planar interface of dielectric and orthorhombic anisotropic medium
Authors: Waseer Waleed Iqbal , Parveen Rashda , Naqvi Qaisar Abbas , Mughal M. Juniad
Published: June 2020

The Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift from a planar interface of a dielectric and anisotropic medium (orthorhombic dielectric magnetic anisotropic, in our case) is determined and investigated. The wavevector plane for an anisotropic medium can be divided into four regions, which further supports propagating, propagating and evanescent, evanescent, and non-uniform (ghost) waves. Tangential components of the incident wavevector are adjusted in order to address these regions one by one. The possibility of the existence/non-existence of the GH shift for waves related to these regions is reported.
In-situ dual-channel surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor for temperature-compensated detection of glucose concentration
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Tan Qin , Forsberg Erik , Hu Siqi , He Sailing
Published: June 2020

External temperature variations inevitably affect the accuracy of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. To that end, we propose an ultra-compact label-free dual-channel SPR fiber sensor (DSPRFS) that can simultaneously measure the glucose concentration and ambient temperature in real-time. The proposed sensor is based on a unique dual-channel structure fabricated by etching a side-hole fiber (SHF), and has significantly higher spatial sensitivity than traditional SPR biosensors. After coating with silver and zinc oxide films, one channel was filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to sense the ambient temperature, and the other channel was immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme for glucose sensing. The proposed sensor is analyzed theoretically, fabricated and characterized. Glucose concentration sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the manufactured sensor sample were found to be as high as 6.156 nm/mMand -1.604 nm/°C with limits of detection (LOD) of 16.24 µM and 0.06 °C, respectively. The proposed sensor has an extremely compact structure, enables temperature compensation, and is suitable for in-situ monitoring and high-precision sensing of glucose and other biological analytes.
Phase-sensitive amplification via multi-phase-matched four-wave mixing
Authors: Knutson Erin M. , Sam Cross J. , Wyllie Sara , Glasser Ryan T.
Published: June 2020

Phase-sensitive nonlinear gain processes have been implemented as noise-reduced optical amplifiers, which have the potential to achieve signal-to-noise ratios beyond the classical limit. We experimentally demonstrate a novel phase-sensitive four-wave mixing amplification process in a single atomic vapor cell with only two input frequencies and two input vacuum modes. The amount of phase sensitivity depends on the power ratio between the inserted probes as well as on the input frequency of the probes. We find that, for certain phase values, the intensity noise of an output mode is lower than that of its phase-insensitive counterpart.
Hybrid protocol for sending-or-not-sending twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Xu Hai , Hu Xiao-Long , Feng Xun-Li , Wang Xiang-Bin
Published: June 2020

We propose a hybrid protocol for sending-or-not-sending (SNS) twin-field quantum key distribution: replacing the signal source by heralded single-photon source (HSPS) in the original SNS protocol, while decoy sources are still unchanged. Numerical simulation shows that after adopting this HSPS, the performance in key rate and secure distance is much improved.
The Mast Cell–SCF–CB1 Interaction Is a Key Player in Seborrheic Keratosis
Authors: Yamanaka-Takaichi Mika , Sugawara Koji , Sumitomo Rieko , Tsuruta Daisuke
Published: June 2020

Mast cell (MC) is an important player in the development of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and urticaria. It is reported that MC infiltration and activation are observed around various types of tumors and speculated that MCs play key roles in their pathogenesis. As MCs in human seborrheic keratosis (SK) have not been well investigated, here we focused on the MCs in SK. The number of c-Kit and tryptase-positive MCs was significantly increased around the SK compared with the marginal lesion. Degranulated MCs were also increased around the tumors. Furthermore, MC growth factor, stem cell factor (SCF), expression within the SK was significantly upregulated compared with the marginal lesion. Interestingly, one of the cognitive regulators of SCF expression, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) immunoreactivity was downregulated within the SK. Our results suggest that MCs play important roles in the pathogenesis of SK and that SCF can be also deeply involved in the development of SKs. Our current results highlight the CB1–SCF–MC interaction as a novel mechanism of SK development and this also will be utilized for developing a novel treatment.
Designing Pathology Curriculum Through Guided Enquiry/Mixed Modalities Case-Based Learning at Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University.
Authors: Amin Hebat Allah , Abdulmonem Mohamed Alaaeldin , Goda Omar Gamal , Shehata Mohamed Hany K.
Published: June 2020

Background: Implementing case-based learning (CBL) in the Integrated Modular Curriculum has proved a great efficiency in teaching medical students. We aim to develop and validate a customized model of CBL to integrate disciplines while meeting the requirements of our national academic reference standards. Phase I medical students reflection is presented.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we present our experience in introducing CBL in a hybrid mixed model of teaching the pathology course to phase I, first batch
(2016-2022) students. The data are collected from feedback questionnaires, the CBL implemented in the teaching of the pathology course is compared to the other implemented methods (didactic lectures, students presentations, PBL, and skillslabs), in the integrated modules. Also, a focus group has been conducted to receive the students reflection and suggestions for improvement.

Results: Students satisfaction with CBL was the highest among all the teaching methods of the modules and other learning modalities with a mean of 4.770.46. Results were statistically significant (< 0.001).

Conclusion: Most of the students declared that the customized CBL model is a convenient tool to be used in the Integrated Modular Curricula. Satisfaction is superior to that of didactic lectures and even other interactive teaching methods.
Pediatric Patient With Concurrent Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Erosive Reflux Esophagitis, and Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Sharma Ishna , Foster Chris , Jensen Todd , Balarezo Fabiola , Finck Christine , Sayej Wael
Published: June 2020

Eosinophilic esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus are believed to be separate disease processes, with erosive esophagitis leading to Barrett's esophagus. We report a rare case of concurrent diagnoses in a pediatric patient and examine the relevant genetic profiles in the esophagus.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF TOFACITINIB THERAPY IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE ACCORDING TO THE ALL-RUSSIAN ARTHRITIS REGISTRY (OREL)
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Misiyuk A. S. , Satybaldyev A. M. , Lukina G. V. , Sorotskaya V. N. , Zhilyaev E. V. , Babaeva A. R. , Baranov A. A. , Mazurov V. I. , Shendrygin I. N. , Salnikova T. S. , Knyazeva L. A. , Krechikova D. G. , Samigullina R. R. , Gaidukova I. Z. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Kushnir I. N. , Anoshenkova O. N. , Lapkina N. A. , Koshkarova E. A. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: June 2020

Objective: to analyze the results of tofacitinib (TOFA) therapy in real clinical practice according to the All-Russian Arthritis Registry (OREL). Subjects and methods. The OREL Registry included 347 patients (286 (82%) women and 61 (18%) men) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initiated TOFA therapy. The male:female ratio was 1:4.7. The patients’ median age at onset of the disease was 42 years; its duration was 8 years. Most of the patients included in the registry had extended- (n=171 (52%)) or late- (n=148 (45%)) stage of RA. Results and discussion. Prior to initiation of TOFA therapy, RA activity according to DAS28 was high and moderate in 91 (64.5%) and 40 (28.4%) patients, respectively; the median DAS28 value was 5.5 [4.6; 6.2]; SDAI – 30.5 [21.4; 42.9], and CDAI – 28.2 [20.0; 37.1]. The use of TOFA was accompanied by significant decrease of disease activity. After 12 weeks, high RA activity was persistent in 32 (22.7%) patients; the number of patients with moderate activity increased to 77 (54.6%), that of those with low activity rose to 15 (10.6%); remission was observed in 17 (12.1%) patients. 216 (62.6%) and 76 (22%) patients received TOFA as first- and second-line therapy, respectively. TOFA was most frequently prescribed when tumor necrosis factor-á inhibitors (19.6%), rituximab (7.8%), tocilizumab (4.3%), and abatacept (5.2%) were insufficiently effective or poorly tolerated. Conclusion. The results of using TOFA in real clinical practice may suggest that the drug has high efficacy in patients with RA. TOFA can be used at a dose of 5 or 10 mg twice daily as both alone and in combination with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. TOFA showed similar efficacy in patients who had earlier taken biological agents and in those who had not.
FEATURES OF THE PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE ARTHROPATHIES IN THE PRACTICE OF SURGICAL MATERIAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Migalkin N. S. , Stupina T. A. , Kaminsky A. V. , Mokhovikov D. S. , Shabalin D. A. , Kamshilov B. V. , Kirsanova A. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The development of microcrystalline arthritides is most frequently associated with the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. Their identification is of crucial importance in recognizing these diseases. Objective: to determine the possibilities of histological techniques in identifying MSU and CPP crystals and to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques. Subjects and methods. Twenty-four tissue blocks (fragments of the affected areas of the elbow joint, the interphalangeal joint of the index finger, and hip joint) from 7 patients were examined. Paraffin sections were stained with a 0.5% alcohol solution of eosin, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue specimens were examined and digitized using an AxioScope.A1 stereo microscope with Zenblue software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany). Results and discussion. When staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin, microcrystals were not visualized; the major portions of MSU crystals was dissolved during fixation and staining, whereas CPP crystals were masked with hematoxylin as focal basophilic aggregates. The staining technique with an alcohol solution of eosin and short formalin fixation (within 12 hours) made it possible to avoid dissolution of MSU crystals and to visualize both MSU and CPP crystals, and to determine their shape and color. Conclusion. Light microscopy of the tissue sections stained with an alcohol solution of eosin along with short formalin fixation is a reliable method to differentiate MSU and CPP crystals. In patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacement, the significance of this technique for the pathomorphological study of surgical material consists in assessing inflammatory activity and in eliminating a disease, such as microcrystalline arthropathy.
BONE REMODELING MARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF BONE METABOLIC CHANGES IN MALES WITH DIABETIC OSTEOPATHY
Authors: Safarova S. S. , Safarova S. S.
Published: June 2020

Diabetic osteopathy is one of the little studied complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which leads to common lowtrauma fractures and, as a consequence, disability and death. The level of insulin is connected with bone functional and morphological changes followed by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in the early stages of diabetic osteopathy. Objective: to study bone morphofunctional properties in males with type 1 and 2 DM (T1DM and T2DM). Subjects and methods. Examinations were made in 41 male patients with T1DM and 52 male patients with T2DM without a history of fractures. Their age varied from 40 to 70 years (mean age, 55.8±0.7 years and 58.4±0.9 years, respectively). A control group consisted of 34 patients (mean age, 55.9±0.9 years) without a history of DM. Patients with other endocrine disorders, end-stage complications, or chronic liver and kidney diseases were excluded from the investigation. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum bone remodeling markers (procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide and C-terminal telopeptide), as well as 25(OH)D, parathyrin, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and electrolytes (Ca2+, P+) were evaluated. Results and discussion. An association of BMD with renal function, HbA1c, and body mass index was observed in patients with T2DM. In the T1MD group, BMD was closely related to insulin deficiency and was significantly lower than that in the control group. In patients with vitamin D deficiency, BMD was significantly lower than in those with normal vitamin D levels (p<0.05). The patients with T1DM displayed both a decrease in BMD (p<0.05) and a pronounced change in the levels of bone markers (p<0.05). Those with T2DM had impaired bone remodeling processes, which was determined by the level of these markers (p<0.05) and observed in the presence of normal BMD due to the complex pathophysiology of the underlying disease. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency, insufficient and decreased insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, and overweight are important causes of osteopathy in patients with DM. The markers of bone remodeling may become promising indicators for diagnosing osteopathy, but additional studies are needed to elaborate recommendations for their use in routine practice in order to predict and prevent this complication of DM.
ORTHOPEDIC RHEUMATOLOGY IN RUSSIA: HISTORY AND CONTEMPORANEITY
Authors: Pavlov V. P.
Published: June 2020

The lecture considers the main stages of the creation and development of orthopedic rheumatology in Russia. It summarizes some results of the scientific and practical activities of orthopedic rheumatologists of the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute and discusses prospects for further scientific developments and the possible development of minimally invasive surgery, such as arthroscopic surgery of the large and small joints. Emphasis is placed on the rehabilitation of patients with rheumatic diseases, by using high-tech treatments.
INTERLEUKIN-5 IS A NEW TARGET IN THE TREATMENT OF EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS
Authors: Beketova T. V. , Arseniev E. V.
Published: June 2020

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is involved in the maturation and activation of eosinophils, its production is increased in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This rare form of systemic vasculitides (SV) is characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and involves multiple organs and systems. The clinical introduction of glucocorticoids (GCs) and immunosuppressants has considerably improved the prognosis of EGPA, but their use is associated with significant adverse reactions and cannot be effective enough. The use of standard treatment regimens cannot always allow to achieve remission; the rate of EGPA relapses remains high. Mepolizumab is an IL-5 antagonist and a promising drug for the treatment of patients with EGPA. The presented literature review considers arguments in favor of using mepolizumab in EGPA patients and discusses its efficacy and safety. The currently accumulated data suggest that mepolizumab is effective and safe in treating patients with EGPA, what has been demonstrated in the registration double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled MIRRA study. Treatment with the IL-5 antagonist allows one to control both the symptoms of asthma and the manifestations of SV, enhances the probability of achieving remission of EGPA, can help reduce the risk of relapse and minimize the dose of GS.
Percepción de líderes sociales y representantes de organizaciones públicas y privadas sobre la migración y los inmigrantes venezolanos en el municipio de Maicao (La Guajira, Colombia)
Authors: Restrepo Pineda Jair Eduardo , Jaramillo Jaramillo Juliana
Published: June 2020

El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la percepción que tienen líderes sociales y representantes de organizaciones públicas y privadas en el municipio de Maicao (La Guajira, Colombia) sobre el proceso migratorio y los inmigrantes venezolanos. Para este fin, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, utilizando como herramienta de investigación la entrevista semiestructurada. Se evidenció que existe una percepción negativa sobre el proceso migratorio de los venezolanos al catalogarlo como un problema, esdebido entre otros factores al volumen y la composición de clase social de la población inmigrante involucrada y la duración del movimiento migratorio. Las percepciones de los entrevistados son consistentes con la teoría de conflicto grupal que plantea que en contextos económicos desfavorables y con una elevada presencia de migrantes, se incrementa la competencia por bienes y servicios sociales limitados, lo cual conduce a que la inmigración sea considerada una amenaza para los autóctonos.
Crisis familiares y rendimiento académico en niños de 8 a 10 años. Una aproximación desde la dinámica familiar
Authors: Viveros Edison Francisco , González Ana Lucía , De Los Ríos Diana Paola , Marín Maryori
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada con familias de estudiantes de 8 a 10 años del Colegio Sagrados Corazones, con el fin de establecer la relación entre crisis familiar y rendimiento académico. El trabajo se adelantó mediante un diseño cualitativo y enfoque fenomenológico; la estrategia implementada fue la historia oral, y para la generación de la información se usó la entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis e interpretación de la información se usó el software Atlas-Ti. De los resultados se deduce que la crisis en sí misma no genera el bajo rendimiento académico y permite plantear que son los padres quienes no propician los mecanismos suficientes para afrontar esta situación. En conclusión, hay relación entre la crisis familiar y rendimiento académico, el cual tiende a disminuir no solo por la crisis familiar, sino que influye de manera definitiva la forma de afrontarla y el acompañamiento de los padres hacia los hijos.
La elaboración de un texto escrito a partir de la interacción oral
Authors: Martínez Julián Andrés
Published: June 2020

En este escrito se presentan los alcances de la interacción oral en el mejoramiento de la escritura en niños, a partir de los aportes de Vygotsky, Forman y Cazden, Camps y Cassany, entre otros; para favorecer una escritura productiva de los textos académicos trabajados en la escuela. Desde esta perspectiva, el aporte de esta revisión refiere a que la calidad de las interacciones que la escuela propone fortalece el desarrollo del lenguaje, lo que implica que este no depende exclusivamente de las disposiciones y condiciones naturales del individuo, sino del tipo de situaciones, experiencias e interacciones a las que tenga acceso. El alumno, en la interacción oral, por ejemplo, desempeña un papel activo en el razonamiento colectivo, donde la función del maestro es favorecer la negociación de las perspectivas, y disminuir su tiempo de participación en favor de la regulación de la interacción, entre los niños.
Los juguetes como una herramienta para la creación de relatos en la infancia
Authors: Salazar Gutiérrez María Alejandra
Published: June 2020

En tanto proceso, la infancia está en constante interacción con sucesos, objetos y personas, todo ello desde una óptica cultural que influencia su crecimiento; uno de estos objetos es el juguete, entendido éste como una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, emocional, psicológico y social, que contiene una carga semántica lo suficientemente poderosa para involucrar al niño en procesos de construcción de su identidad, la forma como concibe a los otros, y sobre todo le da paso a desarrollar su capacidad de representación, imaginación y creación. Vinculada con la cultura, la creación de historias imaginarias a través del juego con juguetes introduce al niño en la realidad y él en un proceso de aprensión va significándola y comprendiéndola.
ALTI SİGMA YAKLAŞIMI VE TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KARABULUT Murat , KUMRU Pınar Yıldız , ONURSAL Fatma Serab
Published: June 2020

Uluslararası ticaretin giderek arttığı bugünün dünyasında, şirketler varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için geleneksel üretim sistemlerinin yerine yeni üretim tekniklerini öğrenmek, uygulamak ve bunların sürekliliğini sağlamak ya da var olan sistemi sürekli iyileştirmek zorundadırlar. Geliştirdiği yaklaşımla Altı Sigma, süreçlerin yeniden tasarlanması ve geliştirilmesinde şirketlerin tercih ettiği teknikler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Altı Sigma ve kullanım alanları hakkında literatür araştırması yapıldıktan sonra süreçlerin iyileştirilmek istendiği tekstil işletmesinde uygulaması yapılmıştır. Altı Sigma felsefesinin TÖAİK adımları gerçekleştirilerek ve SIPOC diyagramı, ölçüm sistemleri analizi, kök neden analizi gibi tespit araçları kullanılarak, işletmenin müşteriye sevk ettiği ürünlerin zamanında üretim oranlarının istenen seviyedeki değerlerine ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir.
AKILLI LİMAN DÖNÜŞÜMÜNDE ZORLUKLARIN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Aylin
Published: June 2020

Endüstri 4.0, değer yaratan ağlar oluşturmak adına üretim tesislerini, hizmet sistemlerini ve tedarik zincirlerini entegre eden, köklü değişiklikler yaratan yeni bir teknolojik devrimdir. Otomasyon, üretim teknolojileri ve veri değişimi alanlarında yeni bir eğilim olan Endüstri 4.0’ın nesnelerin interneti, yapay zeka, veri yönetimi, ve siber fiziksel sistemler gibi temel unsurlarının, liman ve terminallerde de operasyon süreçlerini ve elleçlenen yük miktarını etkileyeceği belirtilmektedir. Literatür her ne kadar Endüstri 4.0 için farkındalık yaratma, rehber olma ve önemini tartışma konusunda zengin olsa da limancılık sektörü özelinde endüstri 4.0 tartışmaları eksiktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı akıllı liman dönüşümünde muhtemel zorlukları derlemek ve uzman görüşleri neticesinde bu zorluklar arasındaki ilişkiyi Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme yöntemi ile analiz ederek hiyerarşik bir model oluşturmaktır. Oluşturulan hiyerarşik ilişkiler modeline göre, akıllı liman olma sürecinde yaşanan en önemli zorluklar Endüstri 4.0 hakkında bilgi eksiklikleri ve personel kaynaklı sıkıntılardır.
MAĞAZA KİŞİLİĞİ VE ÖZ BENLİK UYUMUNUN MAĞAZA SADAKATİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ERYİĞİT Canan , EREN Zeynep
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada mağaza kişiliği ve öz benlik uyumunun mağaza sadakati üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kitabevleri üzerinde yürütülen çalışma için gerekli veri 250 katılımcıdan online anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Mağaza kişiliği boyutları keşifsel faktör analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Mağaza kişiliği boyutlarının ve gerçek öz benlik uyumunun mağaza sadakati üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre mağaza kişiliği gerçeklik, hoş olmama, entelektüellik ve coşku olmak üzere dört boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Mağaza kişiliğinin mağaza sadakati üzerindeki etkileri incelendiğinde “gerçeklik” kişilik özelliğinin mağaza sadakati üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olumlu etkisi vardır. “Hoş olmama” kişilik özelliği ise mağaza sadakatini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olumsuz etkilemektir. Bunların yanı sıra gerçek öz benlik uyumunun mağaza sadakati üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olumlu etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
How Value Network-Based Co-Inovation Contribute in Competitive Advantage
Authors: Maryono Maryono , Ghozali Imam , Kusumawardhani Amie , Prabantariksa Mahelan
Published: June 2020

This study aims to develop a comprehensive integrated model which helps in explaining the impact of value chain integration’s (VCI)’s and relational capability impact on co-innovation in a network and competitive advantage. It also explores the role of value network-based co-innovation as a mediator in the relationship between supply chain integration and competitive advantage, and in the relationship between relational capabilities and competitive advantage of a housing bank sector. The study suggests that firm gains competitive advantage by utilizing value chain integration and relational capability. It is argued here that co-innovation based on value network has mediating role to create competitive advantage. The paper provides a discussion and implication on where value lies and how value is co-created in network of interdependent relationship and illustrate this by sketching a value map in network relationship and possible innovations that can be co-created in housing bank ecosystem. The study involved a single government owned bank located in different cities, therefore the results should be generalized cautiously. This paper constitutes an attempt to stimulate efforts and provide directions on the further conceptual development of value network-based co-innovation (VNBC). The newly developed measure of VNBC and CA exempt from past conceptual streams of the determinant of CA, could be used for valid measurements in future empirical studies in the field of strategic management. The paper provides a practical implications for managers to identify value and utilize new way of analyzing value-chain to create co-innovation within housing bank ecosystem. It also allows manager to practicing relational capability which gives the most impact to competitive advantage..
Categories and activities in the area of inclusion of people with disabilities found within commune strategies – selected examples based on the communes of the counties of Żywiec and Cieszyn districts
Authors: MRÓZEK SEBASTIAN
Published: June 2020

Sebastian Mrózek, Categories and activities in the area of inclusion of people with disabilities found within commune strategies – selected examples based on the communes of the counties of Żywiec and Cieszyn districts. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 29–52. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.02The issue of strategies of activities aimed at people with disabilities living in the relevant communes is a topic rarely undertaken in discourse of special pedagogy. These issues are found among the other activities that local government entities are contemporary obligated to implement, and span solutions and activities in the area of inclusion for people with disabilities. It is hence important to know and overcome problems and barriers that hinder or block the right functioning of people with disabilities. Some of solutions and activities are contained in the two types of communal strategic documents, these are: Commune Development Strategies and Strategies for solving social problems. The article consists of three parts. The first covers the characteristics of communal strategies and social policy towards people with disabilities. The second part presents the assumptions and results of research based on a qualitative analysis of strategic documents of 27 communes (about 3900 pages of documents) in terms of categories and activities regarding the inclusion of people with disabilities. The whole is summarised in the final conclusions. The aim of the study is preliminary recognition of exemplary activities found in the strategies of communes from the counties of Żywiec and Cieszyn. Text notes the “good practices” and noteworthy solutions for inclusion applied by local government entities with respect to people with disabilities.
The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars
Authors: López Rachel E.
Published: June 2020

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.

This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.
Classical Rondos and Sonatas as Stylistic Categories
Authors: De Souza Jonathan , Roy Adam , Goldman Andrew
Published: June 2020

Sonata and rondo movements are often defined in terms of large-scale form, yet in the classical era, rondos were also identified according to their lively, cheerful character. We hypothesized that sonatas and rondos could be categorized based on stylistic features, and that rondos would involve more acoustic cues for happiness (e.g., higher average pitch height and higher average attack rate). In a corpus analysis, we examined paired movement openings from 180 instrumental works, composed between 1770 and 1799. Rondos had significantly higher pitch height and attack rate, as predicted, and there were also significant differences related to dynamics, meter, and cadences. We then conducted an experiment involving participants with at least 5 years of formal music training or less than 6 months of formal music training. Participants listened to 120 15-second audio clips, taken from the beginnings of movements in our corpus. After a training phase, they attempted to categorize the excerpts (2AFC task). D-prime scores were significantly higher than chance levels for both groups, and in post-experiment questionnaires, participants without music training reported that rondos sounded happier than sonatas. Overall, these results suggest that classical formal types have distinct stylistic and affective conventions.
Comparing Methods for Analyzing Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories
Authors: Belfi Amy M. , Bai Elena , Stroud Ava
Published: June 2020

The study of music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) has grown substantially in recent years. Prior work has used various methods to compare MEAMs to memories evoked by other cues (e.g., images, words). Here, we sought to identify which methods could distinguish between MEAMs and picture-evoked memories. Participants (N = 18) listened to popular music and viewed pictures of famous persons, and described any autobiographical memories evoked by the stimuli. Memories were scored using the Autobiographical Interview (AI; Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002), Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; Pennebaker et al., 2015), and Evaluative Lexicon (EL; Rocklage & Fazio, 2018). We trained three logistic regression models (one for each scoring method) to differentiate between memories evoked by music and faces. Models trained on LIWC and AI data exhibited significantly above chance accuracy when classifying whether a memory was evoked by a face or a song. The EL, which focuses on the affective nature of a text, failed to predict whether memories were evoked by music or faces. This demonstrates that various memory scoring techniques provide complementary information about cued autobiographical memories, and suggests that MEAMs differ from memories evoked by pictures in some aspects (e.g., perceptual and episodic content) but not others (e.g., emotional content).