bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allele-Specific Amplification for the Diagnosis of Autosomal Recessive Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Ravard-Goulvestre Claire , Boucly Catherine , Mathieu Bertille , Van Amerongen Geneviève , Viollet Louis , Estournet Brigitte , Barois Annie , de Mazancourt Philippe
Published: October 2004

The SMN1 gene is homozygously deleted for at least exon 7, interrupted or converted to a non-functional telomeric copy in most cases of proximal spinal muscular atrophies. The presence of a pseudogene hampers direct detection of the exon 7 deletion. We describe a method for the detection of the of exon 7 deletion, based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), in a multiplex PCR with fluorescent-labelled primers. The gene and pseudogene amplification products differ in the dye bound and in their size, which allows distinction of both products on electrophoresis. The pseudogene is used as an internal control, and this method gives a clear and specific pattern for the patients. Amplification is achieved with 30 cycles, and specificity is retained up to 40 cycles.
Screening School Children for Albuminuria, Proteinuria and Occult Blood with Dipsticks
Authors: Pugia Michael J. , Lott John A. , Kajima Junko , Saambe Takaaki , Sasaki Miyuki , Kuromoto Kooichi , Nakamura Reiko , Fusegawa Hisae , Ohta Yoshihide
Published: October 2004

Beginning in 1974, the Japanese Ministry of Health Welfare directed the screening of schoolchildren for proteinuria. We studied their procedure and methods in 6197 school children and also evaluated a new urine dipstick that measures albumin concentrations down to about 10 mg/l and creatinine down to about 300 mg/l. We used specimens from adult in- and outpatients to test the accuracy of the dipsticks. Based on the quantitative results, we set as cutoffs < 150 mg/l for protein and < 30 mg/l for albumin as the concentrations representing “low risk.” The quantitative values were assumed to be correct, and the dipstick results were judged accordingly, i.e., a dipstick protein of ≥ “150” mg/l or an albumin of | “30” mg/l indicated increased risk of developing or having a genitourinary disorder. The sensitivity/specificity of the protein dipstick was 95.1%/95.5%, and the same for the albumin dipstick was 83.8%/93.8%. The cut-off for the albumin dipsticks probably should be set somewhat lower to reduce the number of false negatives and increase the sensitivity of the dipstick. When we compared the quantitative albumin to the protein dipsticks with the above cut-offs, we found the sensitivity/specificity to be 79.3%/94.4%, i.e., much like the albumin dipstick results. The many reports on the association of albuminuria and risk of renal disease recommend that screening should be done for albumin rather than protein. Based on the data from the school children, we estimate that a dipstick albumin of “30” mg/l is borderline increased risk, and that a protein dipstick of “150” mg/l is the same. If we call the dipstick “10” mg/l albumin, “30” mg/l albumin and the “150” mg/l protein results “low risk,” then we estimate the prevalence of albuminuria in the school children to be about 2.1% and proteinuria to be about 4.3%. Children with these values should have a quantitative test for albumin and protein. We also tested a dipstick for creatinine and found increasing values with increasing age in both genders; the older boys had significantly higher creatinine values than the older girls and younger boys. For the albumin/creatinine ratio, we found 6028 children with a ratio of < 30 mg/g indicating low risk and 159 children with a ratio of ≥30 mg/g indicating increased risk. The ratio may be more useful owing to the likely reduction of the number of false negatives and false positives.

Note: 1 mg/l albumin = 8.85 μmol/l

.
A Potential Role of an Intracellular Signaling Defect in Neutrophil Functional Abnormalities and Promotion of Tissue Damage in Patients with Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
Authors: Leino Lasse , Hurttia Helena
Published: October 2004

Localized juvenile periodontitis is a destructive form of periodontal inflammatory disease which has its onset at puberty. The etiopathology of the disease is still unclear but neutrophils have been suggested to play a major role both in the production and development of the disorder. About 70 % of the patients with localized juvenile periodontitis exhibit neutrophil functional abnormalities, such as decreased chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Interestingly, it has been frequently reported that the same hypoactive cells show an enhanced respiratory burst response and increased adhesion. Several possible mechanisms explaining neutrophil anomalies in localized juvenile periodontitis have been proposed. These include the presence of soluble serum factors capable of modulating neutrophil function, altered cell-surface receptor expression and/or function, and a change in the post-receptor signaling events. Recently, a growing evidence has accumulated showing that the diacylglycerol metabolism could be altered in neutrophils from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. This change, which may be due to a defect in a major diacylglycerol metabolizing enzyme, diacylglycerol kinase, results in enhanced accumulation of diacylglycerol in activated cells. Because diacylglycerol is an endogenous activator of protein kinase C, the increased and prolonged generation of diacylglycerol could lead to abnormal pattern of protein kinase C-regulated neutrophil functions, explaining the parallel hypo- and hyperactivities.
Polymorphonuclear Oxidative Burst after Helicobacter pylori Water Extract Stimulation Is not Influenced by the Cytotoxic Genotype but Indicates Infection and Gastritis Grade
Authors: Basso Daniela , Stefani Annalisa , Gallo Nicoletta , Brigato Luca , Navaglia Filippo , Toma Andrea , Zancanaro Francesca , Di Mario Francesco , De Franchis Giuseppe , Plebani Mario
Published: October 2004

H. pylori-associated gastric mucosal inflammation is
characterized by the presence of polymorphonuclear
(PMN) leukocyte infiltrate, which is more severe when
the infecting strain is cagA positive. After appropriate
stimuli, such as bacterial products, PMN release large
amounts of oxygen derived free radicals and proteases,
to kill the bacterium. H. pylori seems to be particularly
resistant to the oxidative machinery of PMN,
which can in turn damage the host gastric mucosa.
We evaluated peripheral PMN oxidative burst response
after stimulation with water extracts from
cagA positive (WEcagA+) or negative (WEcagA−) H.
pylori strains in infected (n=31) and non-infected patients
(n=32) in comparison with healthy controls
(n=16); the influence of gastric mucosal inflammatory
infiltrate and activity grade on PMN oxidative burst
were also assessed. PMN oxidative burst was measured
by FACS analysis. H. pylori water extracts were
obtained from bacterial culture. H. pylori genotype
was determined by means of the polymerase chain reaction.
The PMN oxidative burst in H. pylori infected
patients was significantly higher than that in H. pylori
negative or healthy controls, no differences being
found when the results following WEcagA+ and WEcagA-stimulation were compared. The difference in
PMN oxidative burst obtained after WEcagA− and E.
coli (standard stimulus for PMN oxidative burst) stimulation
discriminated H. pylori infected from non-infected
patients with a sensitivity of 90 % and a specificity
of 97 %. The grade of PMN oxidative burst
correlated with PMN infiltration grade of the gastric
mucosa. Our findings allow to conclude that PMN oxidative
burst activation by H. pylori WE is species-but
not strain-correlated. PMN priming, probably consequent
to the action of soluble mediators released by
mononuclear cells, makes PMN hyper-responsive to
H. pylori products, thus favoring the release in the
gastric mucosa of infected patients of large amounts
of oxygen-derived free radicals, which are not enough
to eliminate the infection, but may contribute to damaging
the gastric mucosa itself. Peripheral PMN oxidative
burst response to H. pylori WE might furthermore
be of help in diagnosing H. pylori infection.
Flow Cytometry of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Lymphocytes: Alterations of Blood/CSF Ratios of Lymphocyte Subsets in Inflammation Disorders of Human Central Nervous System (CNS)
Authors: Kleine Tilmann O. , Albrecht Joachim , Zöfel Peter
Published: October 2004

Flow cytometry was adapted to measure lymphocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method was sufficiently precise, reproducible and accurate despite low cell counts. In lumbar CSF of controls with 500 to 3500 (103/l) leukocytes, lymphocyte counts correlated with those in corresponding venous blood: blood/CSF ratios of ≈ 2000 : 1 were found for total T cells (CD3+) and CD3+HLA-DR−, CD3+4+, CD3+8+subsets, ratios were increased for the lymphocyte subsets CD3+HLA-DR+≤ CD3+16+56+< CD16+56+3−< CD8+3−<< CD19+; CD8+4+ratio was half of CD3+ratio. Data indicate selective barriers (blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers) to blood lymphocyte subsets which favor the transfer of T subsets. Correlation of the subset ratios to the CD3+ratio indicates distinct barrier properties which changed differently with acute and subacute inflammations and neuroimmunological diseases of central nervous system (CNS) in lumbar or ventricular CSF, but not with simple protein barrier disturbance. HLA DR+T ratios were higher than HLA DR−T ratios only with controls and some neuroimmunological diseases. Lymphocyte barrier characteristics were related to protein leakage situated at the same barriers, indicating for the lymphocyte subsets selective transfer routes in control subjects and non-selective routes in patients with CNS inflammation where altered ratios revealed a mixture of routes.
Alterations of Endothelial Nucleotide Levels by Mycophenolic Acid Result in Changes of Membrane Glycosylation and E-Selectin Expression
Authors: Bertalanffy Peter , Dubsky Peter , Wolner Ernst , Weigel Guenter
Published: October 2004

The effect of the inhibitor of inosine-5′-monophosphate
dehydrogenase (IMPDH), mycophenolic acid, on
intracellular nucleotides and the synthesis of cellular
glycoproteins was evaluated in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells. A clinically attainable concentration
(10 μmol/l) of mycophenolic acid decreased guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) levels significantly and led
to a strong elevation of uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP),
whereas intracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)
pools remained unaffected. The staining of the endothelial
cell membranes with lectins specific for fucose
and mannose (Ulex europaeus- and Galanthus nivalis
agglutinin, respectively) was reduced, reflecting an
inhibition of fucose and mannose incorporation into
endothelial glycoproteins. The surface expression of
E-selectin, an important determinant for leuko-endothelial
interactions decreased significantly. Guanine
and guanosine prevented the actions of mycophenolic
acid and reversed the drug-induced decrease in GTP
and its associated effects. The findings that mycophenolic
acid produces alterations in the formation of glycoproteins
and in the membrane architecture are indicative
of metabolic lesions induced by an agent that
depresses guanine nucleotide synthesis through inhibtion
of IMPDH. The pronounced reduction of E-selectin
surface expression on endothelial cells accompanied
by changes of endothelial cell fucosylation, a
prerequisite for the contact with lymphocytic L-selectin,
indicates an inhibitory effect of mycophenolic acid
in the rolling phase of leukocyte recruitment and
strongly implies a new and additional immunosuppressive
mechanism of this agent.
Differentiation and Assessment of Cell Death
Authors: Koester Steven K. , Bolton Wade E.
Published: October 2004

Three documented cell death pathways, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncosis will be discussed. The end result of each pathway is cell death; however, the path by which death is achieved and the morphological and physiological traits of each may be strikingly distinct. Now that well characterized models have been established for particularly apoptosis, the induction pathway(s) has received much attention and the pathway pathology is beginning to be understood. Three model systems were investigated: APO-1/Fas, hypoxia, and oncosis. Cell death was induced, and during a time course sampling, a variety of methodologies, including DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis, DNA staining, flow cytometric light scatter, transmission electron microscopy, anti-tubulin, Trypan blue, annexin V, and anti-APO2.7 were employed to monitor the cell death progress. The apoptotic pathway in the CD95-induced Jurkat cell model was further investigated using caspase inhibitor peptides and analyzed for APO2.7 antigen expression and DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry. Time course sampling characterized the cell death pathway and helped to differentiate the capabilities of the methods. The time to response and duration of the response were dependent upon cell type and method of induction. The CD95-induced Jurkat cell model showed a classical apoptotic response; however the MDA-MB-175-VII hypoxia model and the anti-5A9 induced oncosis model were not as clear. Each methodology shows advantages and disadvantages that allow the investigator to select several methods to identify, monitor, and enumerate cells with respect to cell death progression using time course studies.
Apheresis of Plasma Compounds as a Therapeutic Principle in Severe Sepsis and Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Stegmayr Bernd
Published: October 2004

During sepsis there is an increase in the plasma content
of several compounds, e.g., bacterial toxins, cytokines,
cell debris, free hemoglobin and myoglobin. In
blood, these compounds activate various cascade
systems, which in large amounts or in more vulnerable
patients lead to a disseminated intra-vascular coagulopathy
(DIC) with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome
(MODS) and death, despite conventional intensive
care unit therapy. Therapeutic attempts to reverse
these conditions have so far been of limited benefit.
These effects have mainly been focused on lowering
the blood concentration of single substances such as
tumor necrosis factor.

By the use of low-and high-flux hemodialysis filters,
usually only small amounts of these substances are removed.
By the use of plasmapheresis or plasma exchange,
the extent of removal is considerably increased.
The efficacy varies between the techniques
(centrifugation vs. filtration or adsorption) and has
also different influences on e.g. the complement
system. This report describes these techniques and
the therapeutical possibilities given by them. In small
trials, blood or plasma exchange has been used as rescue
therapy in critically ill patients with a progressive
MODS and DIC. A survival of about 80 % of the patients
has been reported in these studies and the use of combined
therapy will be discussed. Controlled trials are
required in this field.
Supportive Therapy of the Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Sakka Samir , Reinhart Konrad
Published: October 2004

Adequate volume loading may be the most important
step in the treatment of patients with septic shock.
Techniques allowing us to achieve and tightly control
volume loading and regional perfusion are considered
to be helpful. An elevated oxygen delivery may be beneficial
in some patients but the increase of oxygen delivery
should be guided by the measurement of parameters
assessing global and regional oxygenation. Forcing
an increase in oxygen delivery by the use of very high
dosages of catecholamines can be harmful. Vasopressors
should be used for achieving an adequate perfusion
pressure. For norepinephrine, no negative effects
on regional perfusion have been demonstrated. Epinephrine
and dopamine should be avoided because
they seem to redistribute blood flow away from the
splanchnic region. There are no convincing data yet to
support the routine use of low dose dopamine or dopexamine
in patients with sepsis. Neither low dose
dopamine nor dopexamine has been proven to prevent
renal failure in septic patients. Furthermore, there is evidence
that low dose dopamine may reduce mucosal
perfusion in the gut in some patients. There is some
suggestion that dopexamine can improve splanchnic
perfusion but since these effects remain somewhat
controversial, there is no reason for a general recommendation
for dopexamine in septic patients.
Endotoxin Adsorbant Based on Immobilized Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Zimmermann Michael , Busch Karin , Kuhn Stefan , Zeppezauer Michael
Published: October 2004

Extracorporeal apheresis of endotoxins and pro-inflammatory
cytokines is still a therapeutic option in
the early hyper-inflammatory phase of gram-negative
sepsis. There is therefore ongoing interest in adsorber
materials suitable for that kind of clinical application.
Here we describe lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine
adsorption characteristics of a new adsorbent
based on purified human serum albumin (HSA) covalently
linked to macroporous polymer beads (iHSA).

Multipoint attachment of HSA to acrylic beads via
carboxyl groups of the protein resulted in an increased
affinity to LPS. In adsorption experiments (adsorbent/plasma ratio 1:3) a 70–80 % reduction of limulus amoebocyte
lysate (LAL) activity from 8.59 ± 2.07 EU/ml
(mean ± SD) to 1.82 ± 0.77 EU/ml (S. abortus equi; n = 40) (p < 0.001) and from 115.13 ± 53.76 EU/ml to 17.70 ±
11.68 EU/ml (E. coli F583; n = 6) (p < 0.01) was achieved.
iHSA-purified plasma samples showed a decreased capability
of inducing cytokine release from peripheral
monocytes. Direct haemoperfusion of LPS pre-stimulated
whole blood over iHSA resulted in decreased
tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) concentrations
(30–40 % reduction) whereas induced levels of interleukin
(IL)-β and IL-6 were not affected.

Depending on the means of immobilization, iHSA
shows higher affinity for LPS than native albumin
present in plasma. We demonstrated an efficient removal
of LPS from plasma in vitro. Adsorption over immobilized
HSA appears to be a simple and effective
means of removing LPS and perhaps pro-inflammatory
cytokines from the circulation.
RbZrOAsO4: A Zirconium‐Containing Analogue of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO4).
Authors: Simpson Michael , Harrison William T. A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction Study of α‐Quartz‐Type Al1‐xGaxPO4.
Authors: Haines J. , Cambon O. , Cachau‐Herreillat D. , Fraysse G. , Mallassagne F. E.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Sr2CeO4 Blue Phosphor Particles and Rare Earth (Eu, Ho, Tm, or Er)‐Doped Sr2CeO4 Phosphor Particles, Using an Emulsion Liquid Membrane System.
Authors: Hirai Takayuki , Kawamura Yusuke
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ion‐Electron Transport in Strontium Ferrites: Relationships with Structural Features and Stability.
Authors: Patrakeev M. V. , Leonidov I. A. , Kozhevnikov V. L. , Kharton V. V.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Mg2+ Doping on the Structural, Thermal, and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.8Co0.16Mg0.04O2.
Authors: D'Epifanio A. , Croce F. , Ronci F. , Albertini V. Rossi , Traversa E. , Scrosati B.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Room‐Temperature Reaction Between Laser Chemical Vapor Deposited Selenium and Some Metals.
Authors: Ouchi Akihiko , Bastl Zdenek , Bohacek Jaroslav , Orita Hideo , Miyazaki Koji , Miyashita Setsuo , Bezdicka Petr , Pola Josef
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photophysical and Photocatalytic Activities of a Novel Photocatalyst BaZn1/3Nb2/3O3.
Authors: Yin Jiang , Zou Zhigang , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Strontium Polysulfides, SrS3, and Sr2(OH)2S4×10H2O, Obtained by the High‐Pressure Treatment of a Sr—S Mixture.
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Suga Rimiko , Komaguchi Kenji , Yamanaka Shoji , Shiotani Masaru
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquids and Eutectic Mixtures as Solvent and Template in Synthesis of Zeolite Analogues.
Authors: Cooper Emily R. , Andrews Christopher D. , Wheatley Paul S. , Webb Paul B. , Wormald Philip , Morris Russell E.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Trilayered Perovskite Sr4Rh3O10: A New Member of the Strontium Rhodate Family.
Authors: Yamaura Kazunari , Huang Qingzhen , Young David P. , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Structure‐Defined Chiral Bis(oxazolinyl)thiophenes for Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Gao Ming Z. , Kong Deyuan , Clearfield Abraham , Zingaro Ralph A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cobalt(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Nitriles: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Atropoisomers of 2‐Arylpyridines.
Authors: Gutnov Andrey , Heller Barbara , Fischer Christine , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Spannenberg Anke , Sundermann Bernd , Sundermann Corinna
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
γ‐Selective Allylic Substitution Reaction with Grignard Reagents Catalyzed by Copper N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Its Application to Enantioselective Synthesis.
Authors: Tominaga Satoshi , Oi Yukinao , Kato Toshio , An Duk Keun , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd‐Catalyzed Reactions of o‐Diiodoarenes with Alkynes for Aromatic Ring Extension.
Authors: Huang Wenying , Zhou Xin , Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Substituted Heteroaromatic Compounds via Benzotriazolyl Chalcones with Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities.
Authors: Al‐Omran Fatima , El‐Khair Adel Abou
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of Acetylenic Amides Using a Cationic Rhodium(I) Complex.
Authors: Burling Suzanne , Field Leslie D. , Li Hsiu L. , Messerle Barbara A. , Shasha Adelle
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with B‐Cyclohexoxydiisopinocampheylborane.
Authors: Cha Jin Soon , Jang Seung Ho , Kwon Sang Young , Kwon Oh Oun
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Yb(OTf)3—TMSCl, a Novel Catalytic System in Cross‐Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Kagawa Natsuko , Toyota Masahiro , Ihara Masataka
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Malononitrile as a Carbonyl Synthon: A One‐Pot Preparation of Heteroaryl Amide via a SNAr‐Oxidation—Displacement Strategy.
Authors: Zhu Juliang , Wong Henry , Zhang Zhongxing , Yin Zhiwei , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Wang Tao
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Valent Titanium‐Mediated Cyclopropanation of Vinylogous Esters.
Authors: Masalov Nikolai , Feng Wei , Cha Jin Kun
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hybrid Reagent of Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride and Scandium Triflate: Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ring‐Opening Fluorination of 2,3‐Epoxyalcohols.
Authors: Itoh Yoshimitsu , Jang Sejin , Ohba Siho , Mikami Koichi
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Access to Fluorinated Ketoglycolic Acid Derivatives from Trifluoropyruvamides.
Authors: Colin Thomas , El Kaim Laurent , Gaultier Laetitia , Grimaud Laurence , Gatay Laurent , Michaut Valerie
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Functionalized Derivatives of Sulfur‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Hexacyclic Cage Compounds.
Authors: Ramanski J. , Marchand A. P.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Coupling Reaction of Propargylic Alcohols with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Gotou Takahiro , Ihara Masataka
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Alkenylation of Arylamines at the ortho‐Position.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Ogino Yumi , Nakamura Masatomo
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Polymer‐Supported Chiral Amino Thioacetates.
Authors: Kim Young‐Mok , Jin Myung‐Jong
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 2‐N‐Boc (or Cbz)‐amino‐1‐arylethanols as Key Intermediates for Synthesis of Chiral Drugs via Asymmetric Reduction.
Authors: Cho Byung Tae , Shin Sung Hye
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
K5CoW12O40×3H2O as a New and Efficient Catalyst for Preparation of Mandelates.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Habibi Mohammad H. , Mirkhani Valiollah
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Reactor from Self‐Assembly of Rod—Coil Molecule in Aqueous Environment.
Authors: Lee Myongsoo , Jang Cheong‐Jin , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Deconjugation Reaction of (E)‐1‐Indanylidene Methylarene Brought by Photolysis with Protic Acid.
Authors: Ho Tong‐Ing , Li Tai‐Chen
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective CO2 Fixation Catalyzed by Optically Active Cobalt Complexes.
Authors: Tanaka Hirotaka , Kitaichi Yasunori , Sato Mitsuo , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aziridination of γ,δ‐Dibromoethyl‐2‐pentenoate with Primary Amines: Extension of the Gabriel—Cromwell Reaction.
Authors: Weller Rachel L. , Rajski Scott R.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Bis[(3,4‐ethylenedioxy)thien‐2‐yl]‐Substituted Benzenes.
Authors: Pepitone Michael F. , Eaiprasertsak Kalya , Hardaker Stephen S. , Gregory Richard V.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Diethyl Diazomalonate with Thietanes: A Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydrothiophene Derivatives via Sulfonium Ylides.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Nair Smitha M. , Mathai Sindhu , Liebscher Juergen , Ziemer Burkhard , Narsimulu K.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Aminoisoflavone — Salicyloylindole Ring Transformation.
Authors: Loewe Werner , Witzel Sonja , Tappmeyer Silvia , Albuschat Rica
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Co‐Catalyzed by a Combination of Schiff Bases or Phenols and Organic Bases.
Authors: Shen Yu‐Mei , Duan Wei‐Liang , Shi Min
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles on Solid Support.
Authors: Xu Yu , Wan Li‐Feng , Salehi Hojatollah , Deng Wei , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd—Cu Catalyzed Heterocyclization During Sonogashira Coupling: Synthesis of 3‐Benzylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Keivanloo Ali , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Ghassemzadeh Mitra
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of 3,5‐Dicyanoisoxazoles with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Tamura Mina , Nishimura Tae , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Ariga Masahiro
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Acidic Properties of Some New Potential Biologically Active 4‐Acylamino‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Yueksek Haydar , Alkan Muzaffer , Ocak Zafer , Bahceci Sule , Ocak Mirac , Oezdemir Mustafa
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient One Step Conversion of 3‐Formylchromones into 3‐Cyanochromones.
Authors: Reddy G. Jagath , Latha D. , Thirupathaiah C. , Rao K. Srinivasa
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of Novel 3,5‐Diacetyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. Part 2.
Authors: Memarian Hamid R. , Bagheri Mohammad , Doepp Dietrich
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[1]Benzothieno[3,2‐b]pyridine‐4‐yl‐amines — Synthesis and Investigation of Activity Against Malaria.
Authors: Goerlitzer K. , Meyer H. , Walter R. D. , Jomaa H. , Wiesner J.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Consecutive Isomerization and Cyclization of 3‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols Leading to 2‐Arylquinolines in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide.
Authors: Cho Chan Sik , Lee Na Young , Kim Tae‐Jeong , Shim Sang Chul
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New 6‐Nitroquinolones: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities.
Authors: Sbardella Gianluca , Mai Antonello , Artico Marino , Setzu Maria Giovanna , Poni Graziella , La Colla Paolo
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Methods for Preparation of Thiazolopyridine and Tetrahydrothiazolopyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Haginoya Noriyasu , Komoriya Satoshi , Osanai Ken , Yoshino Toshiharu , Nagata Tsutomu , Nagamochi Masatoshi , Muto Ryo , Yamaguchi Mitsuhiro , Nagahara Takayasu , Kanno Hideyuki
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activity of New 3(2H)‐Pyridazinone Derivatives.
Authors: Goekce Mehtap , Sahin Mustafa Fethi , Kuepeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Pivalamido‐3H‐pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives: Convenient Pivalamide Hydrolysis Using Fe(NO3)3 in MeOH.
Authors: Bavetsias V. , Henderson E. A. , McDonald E.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Pyrrole and Pyrrolidine Derivatives of Pyrimidine. 1‐(2‐Pyrimidinyl)pyrrole — An Inhibitor of X. Phaseoli and X. Malvacearum.
Authors: Becker Irwin
Published: October 2004

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Tandem Michael‐Addition/Cyclization Synthesis and EGFR Kinase Inhibition Activity of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones.
Authors: Boros Eric E. , Wood Edgar R. , McDonald O. Bradley , Spitzer Timothy D. , Sefler Andrea M. , Reep Bryan R. , Thompson James B.
Published: October 2004

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Piperazine‐Linked Bisbenzamidines: A Novel Class of Antileishmanial Agents.
Authors: Mayence Annie , Vanden Eynde Jean Jacques , LeCour Louis Jr. , Walker Larry A. , Tekwani Babu L. , Huang Tien L.
Published: October 2004

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Transformation Reactions of the Betti Base Analogue Aminonaphthols.
Authors: Szatmari Istvan , Hetenyi Anasztazia , Lazar Laszlo , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Transformations of 2‐R‐5‐Aryl‐5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[5,1‐b]‐[1,3]thiazin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: October 2004

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Oxazepines and Thiazepines. Part 41. Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐styryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepines by the Reaction of (E,E)‐Cinnamylideneacetophenones with 2‐Aminothiophenol and Their Conversion into 2,2‐Disubstituted 3‐Acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzothiazoles.
Authors: Levai Albert
Published: October 2004

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Facile Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of 6‐Substituted‐2,4,8,10‐tetra‐t‐butyl Dibenzo[d,g][1,3,6,2]dioxathiaphosphocin 6‐Oxides.
Authors: Kasthuraiah M. , Kumar K. Ananda , Reddy C. Suresh
Published: October 2004

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Ir‐Catalyzed C—H Activation in the Synthesis of Borylated Ferrocenes and Half Sandwich Compounds.
Authors: Datta Anupama , Koellhofer Axel , Plenio Herbert
Published: October 2004

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The Synthesis of Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines from Phthalonitriles with Hexamethyldisilazane.
Authors: Uchida Hitoshi , Yoshiyama Hideyuki , Reddy Paidi Yella , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi
Published: October 2004

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Rubescensins S and T: Seco‐ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens var. taihangensis.
Authors: Han Quan‐Bin , Li Rong‐Tao , Zhang Ji‐Xia , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: October 2004

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Highly Efficient Transfer of Chirality from Macrocyclic Conformation in the Tandem Oxy‐Cope/Claisen/Ene Reaction.
Authors: Sauer Effiette L. O. , Barriault Louis
Published: October 2004

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Hexafluoroacetone as Protecting and Activating Reagent. A New Approach to N‐Linked Glycopeptoids.
Authors: Burger Klaus , Boettcher Christoph , Hennig Lothar , Essawy Samy A.
Published: October 2004

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Facile and Rapid Regeneration of Free Amino Acids from N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐5‐oxazolidinones and from N‐Benzyloxycarbonylamino Derivatives by Treatment with BCl3 in Dichloromethane.
Authors: Allevi Pietro , Cribiu Riccardo , Anastasia Mario
Published: October 2004

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[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: A Simple Entry to the 1‐Aza‐2‐oxo‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydroxybicyclo[3.3.0]octane Ring System.
Authors: Roy Ashim , Roy Biswajit G. , Achari Basudeb , Mandal Sukhendu B.
Published: October 2004

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Benzylidene Acetal Fragmentation Route to 6‐Deoxy Sugars: Direct Reductive Cleavage in the Presence of Ether Protecting Groups, Permitting the Efficient, Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β‐D‐Rhamnosides from D‐Mannosyl Glycosyl Donors. Total Synthesis of α‐D‐Gal‐(1→3)‐α‐D‐Rha‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Rha‐ (1→4)‐β‐D‐Glu‐OMe, the Repeating Unit of the Antigenic Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia hermannii ATCC 33650 and 33652.
Authors: Crich David , Yao Qingjia
Published: October 2004

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Zinc—Proline Catalyzed Pathway for the Formation of Sugars.
Authors: Kofoed Jacob , Machuqueiro Miguel , Reymond Jean‐Louis , Darbre Tamis
Published: October 2004

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A New Diterpenoid Alkaloid from a Tibetan Medicinal Herb Aconitum naviculare Stapf
Authors: Gao Liming , Wei Xiaomei , Yang Li
Published: October 2004

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Two New Naphthalenyl Glucosides and a New Phenylbutyric Acid Glucoside from the Fruit of Juglans mandshurica
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Li Wei , Koike Kazuo , Nikaido Tamotsu
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iron
Authors: Twigg M. V. , Burgess J.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Chiral, Bidentate Bis(perfluoroorganyl)phosphane Ligands
Authors: Hoge Berthold , Thoesen Christoph , Herrmann Tobias , Panne Patricia , Pantenburg Ingo
Published: October 2004

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Modified Natural Substances—Fluorinated and Fluoroalkylated Monosaccharides and Inositols
Authors: Miethchen Ralf
Published: October 2004

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Recent Progress Toward the Exploitation of Organic Radical Compounds with Photo‐Responsive Magnetic Properties
Authors: Nakatsuji Shin'ichi
Published: October 2004

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Influence of Coadministered Antiepileptic Drugs on Serum Antiepileptic Drug Concentrations in Epileptic Patients — Quantitative Analysis Based on Suitable Transforming Factor
Authors: Fukuoka Noriyasu
Published: October 2004

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Ketone‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation Reactions
Authors: Yang Dan
Published: October 2004

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Asymmetric Organocatalysis of Structurally Well‐Defined Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Fluorides
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: October 2004

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Enamine Catalysis Is a Powerful Strategy for the Catalytic Generation and Use of Carbanion Equivalents
Authors: List Benjamin
Published: October 2004

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Enamine‐Based Organocatalysis with Proline and Diamines: The Development of Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol, Mannich, Michael, and Diels—Alder Reactions
Authors: Notz Wolfgang , Tanaka Fujie , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: October 2004

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Advances in the Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Lactams
Authors: France Stefan , Weatherwax Anthony , Taggi Andrew E. , Lectka Thomas
Published: October 2004

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In Search of Peptide‐Based Catalysts for Asymmetric Organic Synthesis
Authors: Miller Scott J.
Published: October 2004

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Catalytic, Asymmetric Sulfur Ylide‐Mediated Epoxidation of Carbonyl Compounds: Scope, Selectivity, and Applications in Synthesis
Authors: Aggarwal Varinder K. , Winn Caroline L.
Published: October 2004

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Whole Molecule and Atom‐Based Topological Descriptors
Authors: Netzeva Tatiana I.
Published: October 2004

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A boundary layer theory for diffusively perturbed transport around a heteroclinic cycle
Authors: Sowers Richard B.
Published: October 2004

We consider a two‐dimensional transport equation subject to small diffusive perturbations. The transport equation is given by a Hamiltonian flow near a compact and connected heteroclinic cycle. We investigate approximately harmonic functions corresponding to the generator of the perturbed transport equation. In particular, we investigate such functions in the boundary layer near the heteroclinic cycle; the space of these functions gives information about the likelihood of a particle moving a mesoscopic distance into one of the regions where the transport equation corresponds to periodic oscillations (i.e., a “well” of the Hamiltonian). We find that we can construct such approximately harmonic functions (which can be used as “corrector functions” in certain averaging questions) when certain macroscopic “gluing conditions” are satisfied. This provides a different perspective on some previous work of Freidlin and Wentzell on stochastic averaging of Hamiltonian systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global existence for three‐dimensional incompressible isotropic elastodynamics via the incompressible limit
Authors: Sideris Thomas C. , Thomases Becca
Published: October 2004

The existence of global‐in‐time classical solutions to the Cauchy problem for incompressible nonlinear isotropic elastodynamics for small initial displacements is proved. Solutions are constructed via approximation by slightly compressible materials. The energy for the approximate solutions remains uniformly bounded on a time scale that goes to infinity as the material approaches incompressibility. A necessary component to the long‐time existence of the approximating solution is a null or linear degeneracy condition, inherent in the isotropic case, which limits the quadratic interaction of the shear waves. The proof combines energy and decay estimates based on commuting vector fields and a compactness argument. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of DNA mismatch repair in apoptotic responses to therapeutic agents
Authors: Meyers Mark , Hwang Arlene , Wagner Mark W. , Boothman David A.
Published: October 2004

Deficiencies in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) have been found in both hereditary cancer (i.e., hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) and sporadic cancers of various tissues. In addition to its primary roles in the correction of DNA replication errors and suppression of recombination, research in the last 10 years has shown that MMR is involved in many other processes, such as interaction with other DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoint regulation, and apoptosis. Indeed, a cell's MMR status can influence its response to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents, such as temozolomide (and many other methylating agents), 6‐thioguanine, cisplatin, ionizing radiation, etoposide, and 5‐fluorouracil. For this reason, identification of a tumor's MMR deficiency (as indicated by the presence of microsatellite instability) is being utilized more and more as a prognostic indicator in the clinic. Here, we describe the basic mechanisms of MMR and apoptosis and investigate the literature examining the influence of MMR status on the apoptotic response following treatment with various therapeutic agents. Furthermore, using isogenic MMR‐deficient (HCT116) and MMR‐proficient (HCT116 3‐6) cells, we demonstrate that there is no enhanced apoptosis in MMR‐proficient cells following treatment with 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine. In fact, apoptosis accounts for only a small portion of the induced cell death response. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:249–264, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions to prevent depression in older subjects: a systematic review
Authors: Cole Martin G. , Dendukuri Nandini
Published: October 2004

Objectives

To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions to prevent depression in older subjects.

Method

MEDLINE, PsycINFO and HealthStar were searched for potentially relevant articles published from January 1966 to June 2003, January 1974 to June 2003 and January 1975 to June 2003, respectively. The bibliographies of relevant articles were searched for additional references. Ten studies met the following five inclusion criteria: original research, subjects mean age 50 years or more, controlled trial of a brief ( < 12 weeks) intervention to prevent depression, determination of depression status 12 months or more after enrolment, use of an acceptable definition of depression. The validity of studies was assessed according to six criteria. To examine feasibility we tabulated study enrolment, completion and compliance rates. To examine effectiveness we tabulated differences in depression symptom outcome scores between intervention and control groups or, when possible, absolute (ARR) and relative (RRR) risk reductions for depression.

Results

Only two of the ten trials met all of the validity criteria. Study enrolment rates were 21 to 100% (median 72.5%); study completion rates were 46% to 100% (median 85%); compliance rates were 29% to 100% (median 87%). Five of the ten trials had positive results: in two trials there were statistically significant differences in depression symptom outcome scores favoring the intervention group; in three trials ARRs were 2.3% to 45% (median 17%); RRRs were 45% to 71% (median 61%).

Conclusions

Some types of brief interventions appear to have the potential to prevent depression in older subjects. Despite the methodologic limitations of the trials and this systematic review, these findings may guide efforts to develop and evaluate brief interventions to prevent depression in this population. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the effects of Snoezelen and reminiscence therapy on the agitated behaviour of patients with dementia
Authors: Baillon Sarah , Van Diepen Erik , Prettyman Richard , Redman Julie , Rooke Nan , Campbell Rowena
Published: October 2004

Background

Behavioural disturbance, such as agitation, is a common feature of dementia, and causes significant problems and distress for carers. Snoezelen is increasingly used with people who have dementia, but there is limited evidence of its efficacy.

Objective

This crossover randomised controlled study aimed to evaluate the effect of Snoezelen on the mood and behaviour of patients with dementia, in comparison to the effect of an established and accepted intervention, reminiscence therapy.

Methods

Twenty patients with dementia and significant agitated behaviour, received three sessions each of Snoezelen and reminiscence. The effects were assessed using measures of observed agitated behaviour and heart rate over the course of the sessions, and mood and behaviour during the sessions.

Results

Both interventions had a positive effect. Snoezelen was no more beneficial than reminiscence in terms of effecting a significant reduction in agitated behaviour or heart rate. There was considerable variation in the way individuals responded to each intervention. Snoezelen may have a more positive effect than reminiscence, but due to the observed differences between the interventions being small, and the small number of subjects, this advantage was not demonstrated statistically.

Conclusions

Further research, with larger numbers of subjects, and an appropriate control is required to establish the benefits of Snoezelen for people at different stages of dementia, and to identify any benefits additional to those derived from increased staff attention. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychological characteristics of mild vascular cognitive impairment and dementia after stroke
Authors: Stephens S. , Kenny R. A. , Rowan E. , Allan L. , Kalaria R. N. , Bradbury M. , Ballard C. G.
Published: October 2004

Background

Post‐stroke cognitive impairment is frequent, with characteristic impairments of attentional and executive performance.

Objective

The study aims to determine whether the profile and severity of impairment in vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (vascular CIND) is intermediate between that seen in stroke patients without significant cognitive impairment and patients with post‐stroke dementia and thus to establish if the potential value of vascular CIND is a useful concept for predicting further cognitive decline and dementia in stroke patients.

Methods

Stroke patients (n = 381) > 75 were recruited from representative hospital‐based stroke registers in Tyneside and Wearside, UK. Sixty six age matched controls were also recruited. A detailed battery of neuropsychological assessments was completed 3 months post stroke.

Results

Deficits of attention (z = 5.7; p < 0.0001) and executive function (z = 5.9; p < 0.0001) were seen even in stroke patients without vascular CIND, compared to controls. However, stroke patients with CIND were significantly more impaired again on tests of executive function (z = 10.3; p < 0.0001) compared to those not meeting CIND criteria; and also had greater impairments of memory (z = 10.4; p < 0.0001) and language expression (z = 10.1; p < 0.0001). A similar overall profile of deficits was evident in the CIND and the dementia group, but specific deficits were significantly more pronounced in those with dementia, particularly in orientation (z = 7.2; p < 0.0001) and memory (z = 5.8; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The current study indicates that attentional and executive impairments are frequent in stroke patients, but deficits of memory, orientation and language are more indicative of CIND and dementia. Further longitudinal studies are required to clarify the relationship between specific lesions and the progression of specific cognitive deficits in post‐stroke patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.