bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Pengaruh Jumlah Muatan Terhadap Beban Sloshing Tangki Pada Kapal Tanker Dengan Metode Numerik
Authors: Ma'ruf Amar , Paroka Daeng , Palippui Habibi
Published: February 2024

Tangki merupakan wadah penyimpanan muatan dan menjadi bagian utama kapal pengangkut cairan dan gas agar muatan terjaga dan aman. Sebagai media penyimpanan, tangki akan selalu mendapatkan beban yang berasal dari dalam maupun beban yang berasal dari luar tangki. Sloshing merupakan salah satu beban yang berasal dari dalam, sloshing timbul akibat adanya gerakan kapal/tangki mengakibatkan gerak bebas fluida berosilasi menghantam dinding tangki. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari pengaruh muatan terhadap gerakan dan beban sloshing pada tangki dengan variasi jumlah muat. Model tangki yang digunakan mengambil referensi kapal tanker general purpose yang mengangkut minyak mentah dalam kondisi dua dimensi persegi panjang (midship) dengan lebar 8,6 m dan tinggi 8 m dua sisi kiri dan kanan. Variasi yang digunakan adalah volume muat 10% (ketinggian 0,8 m), volume 30% (ketinggian 2,4 m), volume 50% (ketinggian 4 m), variasi 70% (ketinggian 5,6 m) dan variasi 90% (ketinggian 7,8 m). Simulasi dilaksanakan dengan metode numerik yaitu Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) menggunakan software Ansys Fluent. Gerakang tangki didasarkan dari gerakan kapal yang dalam hal ini dibatasi pada gerak heaving dan rolling, dari hasil simulasi disimpulkan bahwa efek sloshing terbesar terjadi pada variasi volume muat 10% frekuensi 2,145, sedangkan tekanan terbesar terjadi pada titik sudut kiri bawah tangki dengan tekanan 443,29 Kpa.
Perancangan Bangunan Kapal General Cargo 17000 Dwt Untuk Rute Pelayaran Jakarta - Semarang
Authors: Ali Sulaiman , Japri Ramadhani
Published: February 2024

Kapal general cargo adalah kapal yang mengangkut bermacam-macam muatan berupa barang. Barang yang diangkut biasanya merupakan barang yang sudah dikemas. Kapal general cargo dilengkapi dengan crane pengangkut barang untuk memudahkan bongkar-muat muatan. Pada perancangan ini direncanakan desain lambung kapal. Ukuran utama kapal didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode pembanding regresi yang didasarkan pada data 2 kapal pembanding yang di dapat dari korea register of shipping (KRS). Dari ukuran utama yang didapat kemudian dilakukan pembuatan rencana garis dan analisa hidrostatik yang sesuai dengan standar IMO. Dari hasil perencanaan didapat untuk kapal berkapasitas 17000 DWT didapat dimensi kapal dengan length over all (LOA) 153,45 m, length between prependiculars (LBP) 144,24 m, Length on load waterline (LWL) 147,85 m, lebar (B) 25,27 m, tinggi (H) 13,5 m, sarat (T)  9,52 m, kecepatan (V) 14,75 Knot, coeffisien block (Cb) 0,7, coeffisien midship (Cm) 0,79, coeffisien waterline (Cw) 0,81, coeffisien prismatic horizontal (Cph) 0,91, coeffisien prismatic vertical (Cpv) 0,89, volume 25520,5 m3. Metode kapal pembanding ini memudahkan perancang kapal dengan hasil yang akurat.
Analisis Risiko Pembangunan Kapal Menggunakan Teknik Matriks Konsekuensi-Probabilitas
Authors: Nur Rahmat Nabila Ainun , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Palippui Habibi
Published: February 2024

Pembangunan kapal di galangan tidak lepas dari risiko-risiko tidak pasti yang dapat terjadi, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisisr dan melakukan Tindakan agar risiko bisa dihindari dan diatasi. Analisis risiko dapat dilakukan menggunakan salah satu teknik manajemen risiko pada SNI IEC/ISO 31010:2016 yaitu matriks konsekuensi dan probabilitas, dengan cara menggabungkan penilaian konsekuensi dan probabilitas untuk menghasilkan tingkatan risiko. Penilaian risiko adalah proses keseluruhan dari identifikasi bahaya, analisis risiko dan evaluasi risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya pada pembangunan kapal serta menentukan besaran tingkat konsekuensi dan probabilitas suatu risiko yang timbul dengan menggunakan teknik matriks konsekuensi dan probabilitas dan menentukan perlakuan atau mitigasi risiko yang tepat. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ragam bahaya dan kategori tingkatan risiko menggunakan teknik matriks konsekuensi dan probabilitas, serta menjadi referensi dalam perlakuan atau mitigasi risiko kecelakaan kerja pada pekerjaan bangunan baru di galangan kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 14 bahaya dari 3 aktivitas pekerjaan yaitu pada pekerjaan pemotongan pelat, pengelasan dan pengangkatan. Analisis risiko didapatkan dari modus atau nilai terbanyak pada penilaian probabilitas dengan modus atau nilai terbanyak pada penilaian konsekuensi berdasarkan jawaban responden. Skala risiko dari analisis risiko menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tingkat risiko sangat tinggi (prioritas I), risiko tinggi (prioritas II), risiko sedang tinggi (prioritas III), risiko rendah (prioritas IV) dan risiko sangat rendah (prioritas V) pada pekerjaan bangunan baru di PT. Industri Kapal Indonesia. Perlakuan atau mitigasi risiko yang dapat dilakukan yaitu memakai APD (Alat Pelindung Diri), maintenance perlengkapan maupun peralatan secara berkala, melengkapi rambu K3 di lapangan dan bekerja sesuai SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) yang berlaku.
Traumatic Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon Rupture from a Ground Level Fall
Authors: Tan Brian , Shah Dipal , Walker Joshua
Published: February 2024

This is a clincal image submission depicting traumatic bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture from a ground level fall.
Filsafat Pemikiran Progresif John Dewey Vs Sentralitas Alkitab Menjadi Fokus Pengenalan Akan Filsafat Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Tonggembio Christono Ade Andreas , Rohy Ampinia Rahap Wanyi , Undras Indraldo , Manodohon Mario Alberto , Hasibuan Nelson
Published: February 2024

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini terkait filsafat pemikiran progresif Jhon Dewey (1859-1952) berpengaruh terhadap pendidikan Kristen dan perkembangannya. Guru tidak termotivasi untuk belajar lebih tekun dengan dalih mereka hanya fasilitator, anak harus aktif belajar sendiri, mereka tidak membutuhkan disiplin, tidak membutuhkan otoritas dalam kelas, dapat menerapkan pola belajar mereka sendiri, dan menerapkan belajar melalui pengalaman (learning by doing) dengan sendirinya sebagai konstruktor pengetahuan. Sekolah Kristen sudah bukan lagi sekolah yang hidup karena simbol-simbol kekristenan, bukan lagi sekolah yang hidup dalam nilai-nilai religiusitas semata. Sudah seharusnya sekolah Kristen lahir dalam keseharian hidup, berelasi dengan Tuhannya, mengalami Tuhan, dan memiliki spiritualisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hal-hal apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pemikir pendidikan Kristen dalam meresponinya, sehingga pendidik tidak tersesat dan terbawa oleh arus dunia ini. Sementara itu, metode kualitatif studi kepustakaan melaui analisis deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa seharusnya pendidik Kristen memahami pemikiran filsafat Kristen yang berdasarkan kepada kebenaran Alkitab. Filsafat pendidikan yang dianut sebuah sekolah sangat menentukan praksis pembelajaran yang berlangsung, yang ujungnya bermuara pada pembinaan dan kualitas pendidikan. Filsafat pendidikan Kristen memiliki sentralitas Alkitab. Semua prinsip pendidikan digali dari kebenaran firman Tuhan. Spiritualisme dalam operasional sekolah yang lahir melalui disiplin, kurikulum, dan metode dalam mandat Injil. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah pendidikan Kristen harus berakar dari manusia ciptaan Tuhan, diciptakan dalam gambar dan rupa Allah. Natur manusia yang telah jatuh ke dalam dosa dan sudah ditebus oleh kasih Allah sehingga manusia memahami hidupnya di dunia. Sentralitas Alkitab menjadi fokus pengenalan akan filsafat pendidikan Kristen, yaitu: Realitas Ciptaan Allah, Mandat Penciptaan, Perjanjian Antara Allah dan Umat Pilihan-Nya, Mandat Amanat Agung.
Hubungan antara peer support dan subjective well-being pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Rahmanda Suci , Utami Rahayu Hardianti
Published: February 2024

Subjective well-being adalah evaluasi individu terhadap kehidupannya sejauh mana penilaian kognitif dan reaksi afektif individu menunjukan bahwa kehidupannya diinginkan dan berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara peer support dan subjective well-being pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir Universitas Negeri Padang. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa tingkat akhir Universitas Negeri Padang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Proporsionated Stratified Random Sampling dengan total sampel 387 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan korelasi spearman. Berdasarkan hasil olah data, didapatkan nilai r = .211 dengan p = .000 untuk peer support dan kepuasan hidup. Nilai r = .239 dengan p = .000 untuk peer support dan afek positif. Nilai r = .208 dengan p = .000 untuk peer support dan afek negatif. Sehingga dapat dilihat kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara peer support dan komponen subjective well-being pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir Universitas Negeri Padang. Artinya semakin tinggi tingkat peer support maka subjective well-being mahasiswa tingkat akhir juga akan meningkat. Berbeda dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, peer support berhubungan signifikan positif dengan afek negatif. Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Matsuda et al (2014) yang menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi persepsi dukungan sosial maka semakin rendah afek negatif yang dirasakan. Tentunya penelitian ini sangat menarik untuk di telaah lebih jauh lagi oleh peneliti selanjutnya.
OTENTISITAS AL-QUR’ĀN: COUNTER MUSTAFA AL-A’ZAMI TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN THEODOR NOLDEKE
Authors: ISLAMI FADHILAH , MUTMAINNAH
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang counter Mustafa A’zami terhadap pemikiran Theodor Noldeke mengenai otentisitas al-Qur’ān. Fokus penelitian ini adalah kritik Theodor Noldeke terkait keautentikan al-Qur’ān, khususnya dalam bidang kewahyuan al-Qur’ān, qira’at dan penulisan al-Qur’ān, serta pengaruh Yahudi-Nasrani. Jenis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian library research. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan (1) Dari segi kewahyuan al-Qur’ān, Noldeke mengatakan bahwa al-Qur’ān bukan wahyu karena Nabi ummi bukan tidak bisa membaca dan menulis. Beliau bisa membaca dan mencuri perbendaharaan Yahudi-Nasrani untuk diadopsi dalam agama Islam. Dalam bidang qira’at dan penulisan, al-Qur’ān merupakan hasil karangan para qurra’, dan sahabat Nabi dalam proses penyusunan al-Qur’ān. (2) Al-Qur’ān merupakan wahyu murni dari Allah sebab tidak ada riwayat bahwa Nabi bisa membaca dan menulis serta al-Qur’ān bukanlah kitab hasil jiplakan yang dibuktikan dengan penelitian secara ilmiah
Volcanic Origin and Significance of Glauconite Grains in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk Formation in the Balcones Igneous Province, South and Central Texas
Authors: Loucks Robert G. , Reed Robert M.
Published: February 2024

Abundant glauconite grains occur in the upper Austin Chalk A and B1 units within the confines of the Balcones Igneous Province (BIP) in the area of the Maverick Basin and San Marcos Arch in Central to South Texas. Controversy exists as to whether the origin of the grains is related to sedimentary hardgrounds or to alteration of volcanic ash and lapilli. The Austin Chalk A and B1 units were deposited contemporaneously with active volcanism (i.e., BIP), and glauconite grains are closely associated with and limited to the area of the BIP. Abundant ash and lapilli are noted near volcanic mounds, where many of these grains are converted to vermiculite and glauconite. It is well established that the BIP pyroclastics underwent alteration in seawater soon after deposition. An unambiguous transition from vermiculite and glauconite-altered volcanic fragments to sand-size glauconite is clearly demonstrated by thin-section and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Grains of glauconite (highly altered ash) deposited away from volcanic mounds have the same origin as those near the mounds. The sand-size glauconite grains can retain internal outlines of gas vesicles and other volcanic microstructures. The misidentification of these volcanic grains as sedimentary-formed glauconite, and not as altered volcanic ash, can lead to misinterpretation of the geologic history and sequence stratigraphy of the upper Austin Chalk section.
Covers and Spine
Authors: Merrill Robert K. , Willis James J. , Mathews Jessica
Published: February 2024

n/a
Analisis Faktor Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Belanja Modal Dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: N Nurhuda.
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), dan Sisa Lebih Perhitungan Anggaran (SiLPA) terhadap Belanja Modal yang dimoderasi oleh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (PE) pada Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan metode total sampling dengan jumlah 57 sampel yang diperoleh dari laporan realisasi APBD Provinsi Sumatera Barat tahun 2019-2021 dan menggunakan alat analisis Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Belanja Modal, sedangkan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Sisa Lebih Perhitungan Anggaran (SiLPA) berpengaruh terhadap Belanja Modal. Hasil penelitian juga membuktikan bahwa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi mampu memoderasi hubungan antara Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran dengan Belanja Modal, artinya Variabel Pertumbuhan Ekonomi sebagai variabel moderating mampu memoderasi pengaruh Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran terhadap Belanja Modal.
Analisis Potensi Yang Dimiliki Stadion Patra Jaya Plaju Sebagai Destinasti Wisata Berkelanjutan Untuk Masyarakat Kota Palembang
Authors: Lili Anggraini  , Nurvia Nathasya
Published: February 2024

Patra Jaya Stadium Palembang City. The stadium that was established in the 90s and was popular in its day today has become an abandoned stadium without maintenance. The stadium located in the Plaju area, Palembang City has the potential to be very worthy of development. This is because there is a lot of history carved about football in the city of Palembang. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of Patra Jaya Plaju Stadium as a sustainable tourism destination for the people of Palembang. The method in this study is by qualitative descriptive method. From the research above, it can be concluded that Patra Jaya Stadium has the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly sustainable tourism location, while jointly developing Patra Jaya Stadium, Plaju Palembang which at this time still cannot be called a tourist attraction destination.
Peningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Melalui Metode Role Playing
Authors: Eka Saputra Erwin
Published: February 2024

The problem in this classroom action research is that the low value of Indonesian through the role playing method can improve the speaking skills of Class V students at SDN 219 Ara, Bonto Bahari District, Bulukumba Regency. Bulukumba. The approach used is a qualitative approach. The type of research used is classroom action research which consists of two cycles, where each cycle consists of two meetings, with activity procedures including planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects in this study were teachers and fifth grade students at SDN 219 Ara, Bonto Bahari District, Bulukumba Regency. Those who are actively registered in the odd semester of the 2012/2013 academic year have 10 students, consisting of 9 boys and 1 girl. Data collection techniques used are observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative analysis. The indicators of the success of this research are the indicators of the process and results of speaking skills. The results show that with the optimal application of the Role Playing method, student learning activities increase, this can be seen in the first cycle being in the medium category because it is seen from the results of the speaking skills test at the end of the first cycle where the average score The average student has not reached the predetermined KKM and in the second cycle is in the very high category. Thus there is an increase in students' speaking skills in Indonesian subjects after the implementation of the Role Playing method can increase.
Fiscal welfare, poverty and inequality
Authors: Sinfield Adrian
Published: February 2024

Tax reliefs result in substantial losses of revenue in many countries. Their largely hidden effects tend to benefit the better-off so they can reinforce, if not increase, inequalities and undermine public spending objectives to help those in greatest need. In this article the very limited evidence on their scale and cost in taxes forgone, even less on their distributive impact, is reviewed comparatively before major effects across society of these little analysed subsidies are discussed. Indications of fiscal policies that could contribute to tackling the trends that contribute to higher poverty and inequality are briefly outlined.
Arbejdsmarkedsreformer – på godt og ondt
Authors: Jespersen Jesper
Published: February 2024

Arbejdsmarkedsreformer har stået stærkt i den økonomiske politik fra slutningen af 1970’erne. Men med helt forskellig prioritering af arbejdsudbud og -efterspørgsel. I perioden frem til det politiske systemskifte i 2001 lå fokus på en reduktion af arbejdsudbuddet kombineret med en efterspørgselsorienteret politik. Den politik blev ændret radikalt efter Velfærdskommissionens (2003-06) redegørelser, hvori det anbefaledes at øge arbejdsudbuddet gennem mindskede sociale ydelser, reduceret indkomstskat samt øget pensionsalder. Artiklen analyserer den efterfølgende udvikling på arbejdsmarkedet med fokus på den lavere beskæftigelsesfrekvens i perioden fra 2008-2019.
Civilsamfund og velfærdsstat – konflikt, samarbejde eller begge dele?
Authors: Boje Thomas P
Published: February 2024

For at kunne løse de komplekse sociale udfordringer har politikerne i de seneste årtier talt varmt for at reorganisere offentlige aktiviteter ved at involvere frivillige og civilsamfundet mere generelt i velfærdsløsninger. Civile organisationer skal beskytte og forsvare borgernes interesser og værdier. Velfærdsstaten er dog nødvendig i forhold til civilsamfundet for at opretholde betingelserne for universelle velfærdsydelser og sikre kontinuitet i tildelingen. Artiklen diskuterer disse problemstillinger og giver bud på, hvordan civilsamfund og velfærdsstat kan arbejde sammen for at sikre ligeværd, anerkendelse og solidaritet blandt alle grupper af borgere i samfundet.
En omsorgskrise i den danske velfærdsstat?
Authors: Dahl Hanne Marlene , Arp Mikkel
Published: February 2024

Vi undersøger og afklarer, hvordan vi kan forstå en omsorgskrise – og dens udbredelse – i en dansk kontekst, og hvordan vi skal forstå et paradoks mellem indikatorer på en omsorgskrise og høje, positive brugerevalueringer på hospitaler og i ældreomsorgen. Vi forklarer paradokset indenfor ældreomsorgen og hospitalerne ved en forventningsbias formet af mediernes dækning af skandaler og/eller en generationseffekt, da der er tydelige tegn på en omsorgskrise. Vi konkluderer, at omsorgskrisen vil påvirke velfærdsstatens bæredygtighed på længere sigt og have stærkt kønnede effekter.
Udvikling eller afvikling? Hjemmehjælp i et socialt investeringsperspektiv
Authors: Rostgaard Tine
Published: February 2024

Rehabilitering er blevet indført i ældreplejen som alternativ til almindelig hjemmehjælp og med det formål at udvikle de ældres funktionsevne i hverdagsaktiviteter. Indsatsen er dermed i overensstemmelse med principperne for social investering om at lade socialpolitikken bidrage til en udvikling af borgerne og en måde at reducere sociale risici på. Men rehabilitering er også indført for at holde udgifterne til ældrepleje nede og det i en tid, hvor især rengøringsdelen i hjemmeplejen synes under afvikling. Artiklen ser derfor på, hvilke konsekvenser den nye politik og praksis har for den ældre, der søger om hjemmeplejen ift. oplevelsen af ret til hjælp, og hvilken hjælp der er den rette.
Methodological Principles of Teaching Drawing in the Process of Preparing an Animation and Computer Graphics Artist
Authors: Chaika Nadezhda Mikhailovna
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study is the fundamental methodological principles of teaching students graphics, animation and computer graphics artist by the Department of Graphic Art and Communicative Design of the Institute of Media Communications, Media Technologies and Design: the principle of step-by-step creation of a drawing, its implementation from integral to elementary and vice versa, the principle of structural analysis of the transfer of form in drawing, active methods of attracting to strengthening mental activity, manifestation of creativity; in-depth study of the depicted nature; the use of visualization, problem statement, systematic organization of full-scale productions, joint discussions of completed works, comments of the teacher, spatial thinking, compositional construction; independent work. Purpose of the study is the application of methodological principles in working with students. Methods of the study are scientific, historical experience of development, application of methodological principles. Results of the study: the methodological principles of teaching drawing are partially implemented in the course of training an animation and computer graphics artist. Some shortcomings in working with applicants and first-year students have been identified. Not all stages of training of students from applicants to the last courses, their professional formation in the field of drawing are considered yet. The scope of application of the results: students of the field of training graphics, animation and computer graphics artist. The novelty is that these principles are applied specifically to this field of study. Conclusions: The methodological principles of teaching drawing for university students are investigated. The necessary methods and methods of education are highlighted. The necessity to trace the application of these principles from the first course to the last is revealed.
Public Councils under the Federal Tax Service of Russia and its territorial divisions: current problems and development prospects
Authors: Petrenko Elena Gennad'evna , Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich , Borisova Anna Anatol'evna , Poyarkov Sergei Yur'evich
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of public councils under the Federal Tax Service of Russia (hereinafter also referred to as the Federal Tax Service) and its territorial divisions. The paper substantiates the place and role of the institute of public control in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of both constitutional principles (in particular, democracy and participation of citizens of the Russian Federation) and the entire system of human and civil rights and freedoms. The most important objects of public control in Russia are the activities, acts and decisions of public authorities, including the Federal Tax Service and its territorial divisions. The authors analyze the role and importance of public councils under the Federal Tax Service and its territorial divisions in the system of subjects of public control. The article uses a number of scientific research methods: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; financial analysis; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The organization and activities of public councils under the Federal Tax Service and its territorial divisions are associated with numerous problems, including: the lack of formalization of public control in the Constitution of Russia; the failure to consolidate the institution of public control in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; the "non-public" mechanism for the formation of these types of subjects of public control; weak powers of these subjects; not the development of special forms, methods and types of measures of public control over the activities, acts and decisions of tax authorities in the domestic scientific legal doctrine; the weak organizational and property base of the above-mentioned subjects of public control and their insufficient use of modern information and communication technologies in their work. The work has developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems.
Magnetic field suppression characteristics in interaction process between shock wave and light gas cylinder
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Bo , Zhang Huan-Hao , Zhang Jun , Mao Yong-Jian , Chen Zhi-Hua , Shi Qi-Chen , Zheng Chun ,   National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: February 2024

Based on ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations, the interface instabilities induced by the interaction between planar shock wave and the light gas (Helium) cylinder under the influence of the magnetic fields with different directions are investigated numerically by using the CTU(corner transport upwind)+CT (constrained transport) algorithm. The numerical results elucidate the evolution of flow field characteristics and wave structures with and without magnetic field. Moreover, we examine the influence of the magnetic field direction on a characteristic scales (including the length, height and width of the central axis of gas cylinder), as well as the volume compressibility. Then, the mechanism of the magnetic field direction affecting the interface instability is studied in depth by integrating the analyses of the circulation, energy, velocity and magnetic force distribution within the flow field. The core of this study, is to explore the suppression mechanism of interface instability by magnetic field force. The results show that the magnetic pressure plays a crucial role in driving vorticity away from the interface, thereby reducing its deposition on the density interface. Simultaneously, it adheres to the divided vortex layer, thereby effectively isolating the influence of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability on the interface. On the other hand, the magnetic tension adheres to the separated vortex layer, and its direction is opposite to that of the vorticity generated by the shear of interface velocity. This action effectively suppresses the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the rolling-up of vortices on the density interface. Additionally, under the control of a longitudinal magnetic field, the direction of magnetic tension is opposite to the direction of the central jet, effectively suppressing the development of Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Visions of a Digital Nation
Authors: Ward Jacob
Published: February 2024

Why the privatization of British Telecom signaled a pivotal moment in the rise of neoliberalism, and how it was shaped by the longer development and digitalization of Britain's telecommunications infrastructure.

When Margaret Thatcher sold British Telecom for £3.6 billion in 1984, it became not only, at the time, the largest stock flotation in history, but also a watershed moment in the rise of neoliberalism and deregulation. In Visions of a Digital Nation, Jacob Ward offers an incisive interdisciplinary perspective on how technology prefigured this pivot. Giving due consideration to the politicians, engineers, and managers who paved the way for this historic moment, Ward illustrates how the decision validated the privatization of public utilities and tied digital technology to free market rationales.

In this examination of the national and, at times, global history of technology, Ward's approach is sweeping. Utilizing infrastructure studies, environmental history, and urban and local history, Ward explores Britain's nationalist and welfarist plans for a digital information utility and shows how these projects contested and adapted to the “market turn” under Margaret Thatcher. Ultimately, Visions of a Digital Nation compellingly argues that politicians did not impose neoliberalism top-down, but that technology, engineers, and managers shaped these politics from the bottom up.
Nucleosome conformation dictates the histone code
Authors: Marunde Matthew R , Fuchs Harrison A , Burg Jonathan M , Popova Irina K , Vaidya Anup , Hall Nathan W , Weinzapfel Ellen N , Meiners Matthew J , Watson Rachel , Gillespie Zachary B , Taylor Hailey F , Mukhsinova Laylo , Onuoha Ugochi C , Howard Sarah A , Novitzky Katherine , McAnarney Eileen T , Krajewski Krzysztof , Cowles Martis W , Cheek Marcus A , Sun Zu-Wen , Venters Bryan J , Keogh Michael-C , Musselman Catherine A
Published: February 2024

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in chromatin regulation. It has been proposed that these PTMs form localized ‘codes’ that are read by specialized regions (reader domains) in chromatin-associated proteins (CAPs) to regulate downstream function. Substantial effort has been made to define [CAP: histone PTM] specificities, and thus decipher the histone code and guide epigenetic therapies. However, this has largely been done using the reductive approach of isolated reader domains and histone peptides, which cannot account for any higher-order factors. Here, we show that the [BPTF PHD finger and bromodomain: histone PTM] interaction is dependent on nucleosome context. The tandem reader selectively associates with nucleosomal H3K4me3 and H3K14ac or H3K18ac, a combinatorial engagement that despite being in cis is not predicted by peptides. This in vitro specificity of the BPTF tandem reader for PTM-defined nucleosomes is recapitulated in a cellular context. We propose that regulatable histone tail accessibility and its impact on the binding potential of reader domains necessitates we refine the ‘histone code’ concept and interrogate it at the nucleosome level.
A prefrontal network model operating near steady and oscillatory states links spike desynchronization and synaptic deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Crowe David A , Willow Andrew , Blackman Rachael K , DeNicola Adele L , Chafee Matthew V , Amirikian Bagrat
Published: February 2024

Schizophrenia results in part from a failure of prefrontal networks but we lack full understanding of how disruptions at a synaptic level cause failures at the network level. This is a crucial gap in our understanding because it prevents us from discovering how genetic mutations and environmental risks that alter synaptic function cause prefrontal network to fail in schizophrenia. To address that question, we developed a recurrent spiking network model of prefrontal local circuits that can explain the link between NMDAR synaptic and 0-lag spike synchrony deficits we recently observed in a pharmacological monkey model of prefrontal network failure in schizophrenia. We analyze how the balance between AMPA and NMDA components of recurrent excitation and GABA inhibition in the network influence oscillatory spike synchrony to inform the biological data. We show that reducing recurrent NMDAR synaptic currents prevents the network from shifting from a steady to oscillatory state in response to extrinsic inputs such as might occur during behavior. These findings strongly parallel dynamic modulation of 0-lag spike synchrony we observed between neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex during behavior, as well as the suppression of this 0-lag spiking by administration of NMDAR antagonists. As such, our cortical network model provides a plausible mechanism explaining the link between NMDAR synaptic and 0-lag spike synchrony deficits observed in a pharmacological monkey model of prefrontal network failure in schizophrenia.
Inhibition of Cpeb3 ribozyme elevates CPEB3 protein expression and polyadenylation of its target mRNAs and enhances object location memory
Authors: Chen Claire C , Han Joseph , Chinn Carlene A , Rounds Jacob S , Li Xiang , Nikan Mehran , Myszka Marie , Tong Liqi , Passalacqua Luiz FM , Bredy Timothy , Wood Marcelo A , Luptak Andrej
Published: February 2024

A self-cleaving ribozyme that maps to an intron of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (Cpeb3) gene is thought to play a role in human episodic memory, but the underlying mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. We tested the activity of the murine sequence and found that the ribozyme’s self-scission half-life matches the time it takes an RNA polymerase to reach the immediate downstream exon, suggesting that the ribozyme-dependent intron cleavage is tuned to co-transcriptional splicing of the Cpeb3 mRNA. Our studies also reveal that the murine ribozyme modulates maturation of its harboring mRNA in both cultured cortical neurons and the hippocampus: inhibition of the ribozyme using an antisense oligonucleotide leads to increased CPEB3 protein expression, which enhances polyadenylation and translation of localized plasticity-related target mRNAs, and subsequently strengthens hippocampal-dependent long-term memory. These findings reveal a previously unknown role for self-cleaving ribozyme activity in regulating experience-induced co-transcriptional and local translational processes required for learning and memory.
Depletion of SMN protein in mesenchymal progenitors impairs the development of bone and neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Hann Sang-Hyeon , Kim Seon-Yong , Kim Ye Lynne , Jo Young-Woo , Kang Jong-Seol , Park Hyerim , Choi Se-Young , Kong Young-Yun
Published: February 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which leads to motor neuron dysfunction and muscle atrophy. In addition to the requirement for SMN in motor neurons, recent studies suggest that SMN deficiency in peripheral tissues plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SMA. Using limb mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC)-specific SMN-depleted mouse models, we reveal that SMN reduction in limb MPCs causes defects in the development of bone and neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Specifically, these mice exhibited impaired growth plate homeostasis and reduced insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling from chondrocytes, rather than from the liver. Furthermore, the reduction of SMN in fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) resulted in abnormal NMJ maturation, altered release of neurotransmitters, and NMJ morphological defects. Transplantation of healthy FAPs rescued the morphological deterioration. Our findings highlight the significance of mesenchymal SMN in neuromusculoskeletal pathogenesis of SMA and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting mesenchymal cells for the treatment of SMA.
Pial collaterals develop through mosaic colonization of capillaries by arterial and microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Perovic Tijana , Hollfinger Irene , Mayer Stefanie , Lips Janet , Dopatka Monika , Harms Christoph , Gerhardt Holger
Published: February 2024

Collaterals are unique blood vessels present in many healthy tissues that cross-connect distal-end arterioles of adjacent arterial trees, thus providing alternate routes of perfusion. Stroke patients with superior pial collateral flow respond better to treatments and present with an overall improved prognostic outcome. However, how pial collaterals develop in the embryo and how they reactivate upon stroke remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing in combination with three-dimensional imaging, we demonstrate that mouse embryos employ a novel mechanism to build pial collaterals, distinct from their outward remodeling following stroke. Endothelial cells (ECs) of arterial and microvascular origin invade already existing pre-collateral vascular structures in a process which we termed mosaic colonization. Arterialization of these pre-collateral vascular segments happens concurrently with mosaic colonization. Despite having a smaller proliferative capacity, embryonic arterial cells represent the majority of cells that migrate to form nascent collaterals; embryonic microvascular cells, despite their higher proliferative potential, form only about a quarter of collateral endothelial cells. Moreover, postnatal collateral growth relies much more on self-replenishment of arterial cells than on microvascular contribution. Following ischemic injury, pial collateral outward remodeling relies on local cell proliferation rather than recruitment of non-arterial cells. Together, these findings establish distinct cellular mechanisms underlying pial collateral development and ischemic remodeling, raising the prospect for future research to identify novel, collateral-specific therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
The Molecular Logic of Gtr1/2 and Pib2 Dependent TORC1 Regulation in Budding Yeast
Authors: Cecil Jacob H. , Padilla Cristina M. , Lipinski Austin A. , Langlais Paul R. , Luo Xiangxia , Capaldi Andrew P.
Published: February 2024

The Target of Rapamycin kinase Complex I (TORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism in eukaryotes. Previous studies have shown that, in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, nitrogen and amino acid signals activate TORC1 via the highly conserved small GTPases, Gtr1/2, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding protein, Pib2. However, it was unclear if/how Gtr1/2 and Pib2 cooperate to control TORC1. Here we report that this dual regulator system pushes TORC1 into three distinct signaling states: (i) a Gtr1/2 on, Pib2 on, rapid growth state in nutrient replete conditions; (ii) a Gtr1/2 off, Pib2 on, adaptive/slow growth state in poor-quality growth medium; and (iii) a Gtr1/2 off, Pib2 off, quiescent state in starvation conditions. We suggest that other signaling pathways work in a similar way, to drive a multi-level response via a single kinase, but the behavior has been overlooked since most studies follow signaling to a single reporter protein.
Play-Based Pedagogy in Ghanaian Basic Schools: A Review of Related Literature
Authors: Adams Alfred Kofi , Asemnor Felix , Nkansah Vincential
Published: February 2024

Early childhood education has seen the emergence of play-based pedagogy as a transformative strategy that has changed how young students learn. In the context of Ghanaian basic schools, this review carefully analyzes the body of literature on play-based education. This investigation provides in-depth insight into the enormous influence of play-based learning on Ghana's educational system by integrating empirical investigations, educational theories, and cultural factors. The literature underscores that play-based pedagogy is a catalyst for holistic development, nurturing cognitive, social, emotional, and physical growth in children. Through self-directed play, students actively engage in exploration, problem-solving, and creative expression, establishing a solid foundation for lifelong learning. Integrating local cultural norms and traditions into play-based activities not only strengthens cultural identity but also bridges generational gaps by transmitting traditional values and knowledge. Crucially, play-based approaches cultivate innovative and adaptive skills, preparing students to navigate the complexities of the modern world. By fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and adaptability, play-based pedagogy nurtures the essential skills for 21st-century success. Furthermore, these approaches ensure inclusivity by accommodating diverse learning styles and needs, promoting equitable educational opportunities. Collaboration emerges as a pivotal driver for the effective implementation of play-based pedagogy. Educators, parents, policymakers, and communities play interdependent roles in advocating for policy changes, sharing best practices, and creating supportive environments. This collaborative spirit cultivates a dynamic ecosystem where play-based learning thrives and evolves. As a transformative force, play-based pedagogy envisions the future of education in Ghanaian basic schools. Recognizing play as an essential vehicle for holistic development and cultural preservation enriches Ghana's educational landscape. This review underscores the potential of play-based approaches to empower students, foster innovation, and promote inclusivity, ultimately shaping a more holistic and culturally enriched educational experience.
IMDDHH: A Contribution to the Understanding of the Disease
Authors: Mohapatra Asha Prakash , Pradhan Pusparaj Aditinandan , Ray Gayatri , Satapathy Rakesh , Manasa D.
Published: February 2024

Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) is an extremely rare group of heterogenous disorders which are characterized by predisposition to severe unusual and recurrent infections, severe allergies, features suggestive of autoimmune conditions and sometimes malignancies. We report a two-year-old female child presented to our emergency department with complaints of a history of recurrent respiratory infections, recurrent skin infections and a recent history of purulent discharge from both ears. Clinical examination revealed acute otitis media, pneumonia, multiple healed skin lesions associated with soft non-tender hepatomegaly and normal cardiac findings. Elevated hepatic transaminases and hypogammaglobulinemia suggested the possibility of an inborn error of immunity. A whole exome sequencing study performed on the patient established a diagnosis of IMDDHH (Immunodeficiency, Developmental Delay, and Hypohomosyteinemia) by revealing a missense mutation in the NFE2L2 gene of chromosome 2q31. Diagnosing such conditions with inborn errors of immunity requires a high index of suspicion combined with a comprehensive knowledge of the structure and function of both innate and adaptive immune systems. Recurrent skin and respiratory infections in a growing child belonging to a low-and-middle-income country like India is a common clinical scenario encountered frequently in pediatric clinic practice and is often ignored after attributing it to poor hygienic conditions. However, with careful history taking and examination, a sub-group of such patients may be isolated with a high probability of an underlying IEI, which can later be confirmed by genetic work-up.
Enhancing Nutrition, Crop Resilience, and Food Security through Biofortification
Authors: Raut Dnyaneshwar Ambadas , Afrayeem Syed , Singh Vishal , Jejal Anand Dinesh , Sachan Prashun , Sahoo Sweta , Pandey Shivam Kumar
Published: February 2024

Biofortification is a process of enhancing the nutritional quality of food crops through conventional plant breeding, genetic engineering, or agronomic practices. It has emerged as an important agricultural strategy to improve public health by increasing the micronutrient density in staple crops and vegetables. Biofortification provides a cost-effective and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, which affects over 2 billion people worldwide. This review provides an overview of biofortification efforts targeting major micronutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folate. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying elevated micronutrient accumulation are discussed. The review also summarizes the impacts of biofortification in enhancing micronutrient intake, nutritional status, and health outcomes based on results from efficacy and effectiveness studies. The role of biofortification in building climate resilience and food security is also examined. Overall, biofortification has shown considerable promise in tackling malnutrition sustainably in developing countries. However, continued research and policy support are needed to maximize its impact on nutrition security worldwide.
Insect Pest Complex of Field Pea Crop
Authors: Khan Anam , Singh Gaje , Singh Hem , Singh D. V. , Khilari Kamal
Published: February 2024

A study on diverse insect pest complex of field pea was made in both the years of experimentation i.e. during Rabi, 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Crop Research Centre, College of Agriculture, SVPUA&T, Meerut. As many as 15 insect species were recorded during the study period which belongs to different orders viz. Orthoptera (one species), Hemiptera (four species), Lepidoptera (seven species), Isoptera (one species) and Diptera (two species). All the major parts of this legume plant viz., pod/seed, leaf, root and stem were found to be infested by the insect pests. Sucking insect pests appear during the seedling and vegetative stage of crop i.e. 1st week of December to 2nd week of January. Gram pod borer, pea pod borer and blue butterfly are the pod borer complex that appeared from flowering to maturity stage i.e. 1st week of January to 2nd week of February. Among all the fifteen insect pests, only two pod borers, Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were found as major pests of field pea with severe economic status to this area during successive Rabi, seasons.
Effect of High Temperature on Growth and Yield Attributes of Indian Mustard Genotypes Due to Late Sown
Authors: Tripathi Sanjay Kumar , Lallu  , Saini Pradip Kumar , Srivastava Shubham Kumar , Shukla Shwetank , Singh Surendra
Published: February 2024

The present investigation entitled “Effect of high temperature on growth and yield attributes of Indian mustard genotypes due to late sown” was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 12th new promising mustard genotypes viz., Vardan, Ashirwad, NPJ-207, NPJ-208, RGN-403, PBR-417, DRMRIJ 16-3, DRMR-2035, RRN-911, RH-1556, RGN-368 and BPR 541-4 widely differing in their growth behavior during two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19). Study their genotypic variability for morphological, yield, and its attributes under late sown conditions. Results revealed that growth in terms of plant height, biomass accumulation, branching behavior, leaf area, growth parameters, yield, and its components varied significantly among tested mustard genotypes during both years of study under late-sown conditions. Findings indicated that mustard genotypes viz., DRMRIJ 16-3, RGN-403, and RH-1556 recorded higher values of total branches plant-1, leaf area (cm2), dry matter accumulation at harvest (g), siliquae on different branches, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield/plant, biological yield per plant, test weight, harvest index as compared to other genotypes under late sown condition.
Enhancing Beverage Fermentation through Synergy of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Mini-Review
Authors: Saikia Bandana , Saikia Rashmi Rekha
Published: February 2024

Microbial fermentation; a natural process dating back over 7000 years BC, plays a pivotal role in beverage production. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae dominates the industry, recent research emphasizes the importance of co-culture with non-Saccharomyces yeasts for enhanced flavor and aroma. This review explores the cooperative interaction between Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and S. cerevisiae in alcoholic fermentation, shedding light on their enzymatic capabilities. S. fibuligera, an ascomycete with potent amylolytic activity, demonstrates the ability to efficiently convert starch into alcohol, contributing to improved fermentation stability. Co-culturing with S. cerevisiae unleashes a biochemical diversity that enhances the sensory attributes of beverages. Beyond flavor complexity, the co-culture strategy influences key compounds, including phenolic compounds and esters, elevating overall quality. The review delves into the biochemical intricacies of starch-based fermentation, emphasizing the potential of S. fibuligera in hydrolyzing starch into fermentable sugars. S. cerevisiae, a versatile and genetically diverse yeast, adapts to different environmental conditions crucial for successful fermentation. The co-culture approach not only accelerates fermentation but also combats contamination and reduces overall processing time.