bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O soneto secreto em Pauliceia Desvairada
Authors: Façanha Vinicius
Published: May 2023

Inspirados pelo centenário da semana de arte moderna que se comemora em 2022, este artigo dedica-se à análise do poema que abre o livro lançado por Mário de Andrade em 1922, Paulicéia Desvairada. Com o auxílio das reflexões da semiótica discursiva, buscamos lançar luz sobre o soneto que se esconde por trás dos versos livres de “Inspiração”. Em defesa desse percurso de leitura, que tenciona imanência e aparência, convocamos a dimensão mereológica da significação, ou seja, a influência das relações entre partes e totalidade. Nesse sentido, a leitura do poema em questão é permeada pelos outros textos que compõem a obra, entre eles o “Prefácio interessantíssimo” que indica instruções para uma poética que guia a leitura do restante do livro. Assim, ao promovermos uma análise duplamente imanente do poema, que, sem subjugar a leitura a dados externos, deixa o texto revelar as estruturas internas que compõem sua poeticidade (e modernidade), tentamos prestar uma homenagem que escape dos tons biográfico e histórico que, com seus méritos, parecem dominar os louros deste centenário.
Uma leitura tensiva das modalidades veridictórias
Authors: Soares Vinicius Lisboa , Mancini Renata
Published: May 2023

Negociada entre os polos da enunciação, a veridicção se constrói no julgamento do que é verdadeiro, falso, secreto ou mentiroso, confirmando ou negando as aparências. A discussão de uma atualização dessa formulação basilar da teoria se desenvolve neste trabalho com uma releitura orientada pela dimensão sensível de Claude Zilberberg e seu entendimento de que nenhum termo é simples e todos guardam diferentes graus de complexidade. Ao definir, reconhecer e aproveitar os subcontrários e sobrecontrários do parecer e do ser, este artigo argumenta que a dimensão sensível, o acontecimento e o acréscimo de mais ou de menos previsto na abordagem tensiva permite que o analista problematize o impacto que cada julgamento tensivo produz para o sujeito. Com o julgamento veridictório, ora o sujeito chega a confirmações mais ou menos contundentes de seus valores e ora se pega aturdido de diferentes formas pelas surpresas que nascem da quebra de todo um gradiente possível de expectativas, projetadas pelo enunciador com maior ou menor empenho.
De la dynamique phrastique. Grammaire, chorématique et Théorie des Catastrophes
Authors: Brandt Per Aage
Published: May 2023

Nous proposons une modélisation dynamique, chorématique et topologique de la structuration phrastique et montrons que le sens grammatical relève d'un processus de complémentation qui rend plausible une conception compositionnelle et moins relativiste que celle d'une certaine linguistique cognitive, de la notion de construction. Notre approche montre mieux, nous l'espérons, comment le langage peut simuler la pensée et ainsi nous permettre de la partager. Car la syntaxe est déjà sémantique. Il s'agit de comprendre comment elle peut l'être.
Lynch meets Moser: cognition, brain and environment
Authors: Møystad Ole
Published: May 2023

The proposal of Cognition and the Built Environment (MØYSTAD, 2017) is that architecture is a basic mode of human cognition. The production as well as the use of our environment is a cognitive process in and of itself. Building human environment relates to and is informed by the prior built environment. One of Christopher Alexander’s observations (1987) was that “building cities” actually means changing cities. Project by project. This insight carries implications for how we understand architecture, for how we understand the human brain and for how they interact. This paper will outline (1) the interaction between some spatial and morphological properties of the built environment on one hand, and (2) some of the recently discovered properties of the brain on the other, which seem to mirror similar properties of the external environment. Based on these two sets of properties I will then (3) make a brief discussion of some theories that seem to suggest an outline, not complete but still useful, of the cognitive relationship between (1) and (2).
Forme et géographie : de René Thom à Benoît Mandelbrot
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: May 2023

L’histoire de la forme est un concept complexe qui remonte à l’antiquité grecque, tout au long de cet article nous aborderons différentes facettes de ce concept dans le cadre particulier de la géographie. Nous développerons différentes perspectives sur la forme en géographie et sur son ontologie « locale ». Nous verrons également comment ce concept a été abordé, en géographie physique, en géomorphologie, en tenant compte de divers moments historiques et des cadres scientifiques successifs. La géomorphologie servira de laboratoire physique pour approfondir la notion de forme en géographie. Dans cette recherche nous croiserons des concepts de penseurs de différentes époques tels que Goethe, D’Arcy Thompson, Prigogine, mais surtout, René Thom et Benoît Mandelbrot, penseurs qui nous ont offert les outils pour concevoir une vision renouvelée de la forme en géographie.
La Forme sémiotique de l’échelle
Authors: Boudon Philippe
Published: May 2023

Le sens du mot forme peut aller du concret à l’abstrait selon qu’il est entendu du côté de l’art, de la logique ou des mathématiques. On pose que les catégories de signes iconiques et symboliques de la sémiotique de Ch. S. Peirce peuvent éclairer la situation en matière de formes architecturales. Celles-ci sont souvent abordées sous un aspect iconique alors que leur conception passe également par des formes verbales et numériques. L’échelle est indissociable de ces formes. L’article expose une forme propre à l’échelle architecturologique, laquelle, composée de la triade de concepts référence, dimension, pertinence, rejoint les catégories sémiotiques peirciennes de priméité, secondéité et tiercéité. Ces concepts sont présentés formellement par l’examen des conditions d’attribution de mesures à l’Arche de la Défense (Paris). Ils sont ensuite validés par l’analyse d’un passage de Vitruve relatif à l’attribution de mesures à une place publique. Sont ensuite examinées les conséquences de la réduction architecturologique de la conception architecturale à la mesure en rapport avec les considérations de divers auteurs. En particulier, l’opposition thomienne de la forme au fond qui se distingue de l’opposition grangerienne de la forme au contenu sont interprétées comme iconique pour la première, symbolique pour la seconde. L’hypothèse d’une fonction vicariante de l’échelle est alors introduite entre ces deux registres.
Centenaire de René Thom (1923-2023) : hommage sémiotique et morphodynamique
Authors: Marcos Isabel , Morier Clément
Published: May 2023

Ce texte présente le dossier thématique Centenaire de René Thom (1923-2023): hommage sémiotique et morphodynamique.
Teorizar com a Grounded Theory: um caminho metodológico para as pesquisas em comunicação
Authors: Leite Francisco
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho, direcionado por uma pesquisa bibliográfica, é inscrever uma reflexão sobre o processo de teorizar seguindo as diretrizes da metodologia grounded theory construtivista. Este artigo busca também apresentar e discutir o tipo de teoria que pode ser produzido com esse caminho metodológico qualitativo, ressaltando, desse modo, o potencial que ele oferece para a edificação de pesquisas em comunicação que, considerando um problema delimitado em uma área específica, busquem gerar explanações teóricas de processos sociais enraizadas nos dados (entrevistas, documentos, materialidades midiáticas etc.). Como implicação prática, por fim, são fornecidos alguns direcionamentos sobre como conduzir investigações com a grounded theory ao elucidar a “tríade problemática”, característica da metodologia, a saber: amostragem teórica, método comparativo constante e saturação teórica.
Lógicas da propagação da informação e da desinformação no contexto da pandemia de covid-19: abordagem semiótica
Authors: Mendes Conrado Moreira , Alzamora Geane Carvalho
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que investigou as dinâmicas de propagação e a construção de sentido de textos propagados no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. A partir de pesquisa exploratória e posterior configuração do corpus, procurou-se compreender a dinâmica transmídia da propagação e a construção de sentido de textos (visuais, verbais e sincréticos) relacionados à hashtag #perguntacorona, lançada no programa de televisão Combate ao Coronavírus (Rede Globo), e entender como se constitui a propagação da desinformação nesse contexto. A partir da análise do corpus em diálogo com a semiótica discursiva e a sociossemiótica, propõe-se um modelo que teoriza sobre as lógicas de propagação da informação e da desinformação.
Da estatística aos dados: ordenamentos da vida em cidades
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Lima de , Teixeira Lucas de Vasconcelos , Hoff Tânia Márcia Cesar
Published: May 2023

Abordamos as transformações dos ordenamentos do consumo a partir das mudanças ocorridas na passagem da cidade moderna para a pós-moderna. Temos como objetivo problematizar as inter-relações comunicação, consumo e cidade, à luz da noção de biopolítica, buscando evidenciar como emergem os modos de vida em cada um dos referidos momentos sócio-históricos. Para tanto, analisamos, a partir das representações teóricas do flâneur, do transeunte e do cidadão conectado global, os modos de vida e a constituição dos sujeitos. Essas reflexões permitem observar o engendramento das lógicas do capitalismo nos ordenamentos da vida, sobretudo na produção de subjetividades implicadas nas transformações da cidade.
A comunicação e as teorias narrativas
Authors: Santos Larissa Conceição dos
Published: May 2023

Trata-se de uma resenha do livro Diccionario de Teorías Narrativas 2: narratología, cine, videojuegos, medios, editado e organizado pelo espanhol Lorenzo Vilches Manterola, Professor Catedrático e Emérito da Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), lançado em 2021 em formato impresso e ebook pela editora Caligrama, em língua espanhola. A obra, organizada em forma de dicionário, conta com aproximadamente 450 entradas (verbertes) que trazem à luz não apenas conceitos fundamentais, a respeito das Teorias Narrativas contemporâneas, mas também aplicações e metodologias que colocam em relação a narratologia, a mídia e a Comunicação.
Cinema Novo e música de vanguarda do século XX
Authors: Alvim Luíza Beatriz
Published: May 2023

Embora não tenha sido predominante no Cinema Novo, a música de vanguarda do século XX não deixou de estar presente em filmes de Glauber Rocha, Walter Lima Júnior e Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, englobando obras preexistentes de Edgar Varèse, Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Henry, Michel Philippot, Marlos Nobre, Ernst Widmer, Jaceguay Lins, Walter Smetak, Jon Appleton e Al Kooper. Fazemos um mapeamento dessa produção e analisamos como as músicas desses compositores se associam às imagens, seja de modo mais convencional, seja com proposições criativas. Observamos o papel da produção fonográfica da época para essas escolhas e a relação dos diretores com um repertório em geral contemporâneo aos filmes.
Queer Scrapscape: Hudinilson Jr.’s Cadernos de referências
Authors: Rossi Simone , Farias Priscila Lena
Published: May 2023

This essay sheds light on Brazilian artist Hudinilson Jr.’s Cadernos de referências (c. 1981-2013), a series of dense and layered scrapbooks. Through an analysis of layouts and media, the investigation highlights the extensive design and cultural implications that the practice triggers. The focus lies primarily on formal recurrences and narrative strategies identified on double page spreads, revealing how they condense the artist’s queer poetics. The Cadernos emerge as an everyday practice of exploration of the human body, a space for self-design and cultural resistance, and a tool for questioning the relationship between the exposed body, self-image, and mass media.
Destombamento através do tempo: as (des)construções das políticas de preservação do patrimônio cultural brasileiro
Authors: Soares Carolina Pedro
Published: May 2023

Com o objetivo de fazer aproximações entre os casos de destombamento ocorridos na década de 1940, durante o Regime Varguista, e os três casos atuais, dos anos 2021 e 2022, o artigo propõe uma breve reflexão sobre o estabelecimento do decreto-lei nº 3866/1941, quando se constituiu legalmente o cancelamento do tombamento. A reflexão permite iluminar alguns casos anteriores, conectando suas semelhanças e divergências com aqueles ocorridos no século XXI. Coloca-se em perspectiva a utilização do dispositivo jurídico, enfatizando as diferenças dos processos históricos que os balizaram, na perda da memória relacionada à perda da materialidade e a preservação de ruínas.
Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Latino Immigrant Subgroups: Evidence From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Elias Sabrina , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Koirala Binu , Byiringiro Samuel , Baptiste Diana , Himmelfarb Cheryl R. , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne
Published: May 2023

Background

The Latino population is a growing and diverse share of the US population. Previous studies have examined Latino immigrants as a homogenous group. The authors hypothesized that there would be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrant subgroups (from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Central America, or South America) compared with non‐Latino White adults.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) among 548 739 individuals was performed. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking, adjusting for known confounders. The authors included 474 968 non‐Latino White adults and 73 771 Latino immigrants from Mexico (59%), Puerto Rico (7%), Cuba (6%), Dominican Republic (5%), Central America (15%), and South America (9%). Compared with White adults, Mexican immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.15–1.19]); Puerto Rican individuals had the highest prevalence of diabetes (PR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.45–1.83]); individuals from Central America had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (PR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04–1.28]); and individuals from the Dominican Republic had the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (PR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.18–1.32]). All Latino immigrant subgroups were less likely to be smokers than White adults.

Conclusions

The authors observed advantages and disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrants. Aggregating data on Latino individuals may mask differences in cardiovascular disease risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Study findings provide Latino group–specific actionable information and targets for improving cardiovascular health.
Treatment With Small Molecule Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End‐Products Formation and Advanced Glycation End‐Products‐Mediated Collagen Cross‐Linking Promotes Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Li Yankui , Zheng Xiaoya , Guo Jia , Samura Makoto , Ge Yingbin , Zhao Sihai , Li Gang , Chen Xiaofeng , Shoji Takahiro , Ikezoe Toru , Miyata Masaaki , Xu Baohui , Dalman Ronald L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Although diabetes attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), the mechanisms by which diabetes suppresses AAAs remain incompletely understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end‐ (AGEs) reduces extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in diabetes. Because ECM degradation is critical for AAA pathogenesis, we investigated whether AGEs mediate experimental AAA suppression in diabetes by blocking AGE formation or disrupting AGE‐ECM cross‐linking using small molecule inhibitors.

Methods and Results

Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with streptozotocin and intra‐aortic elastase infusion to induce diabetes and experimental AAAs, respectively. Aminoguanidine (AGE formation inhibitor, 200 mg/kg), alagebrium (AGE‐ECM cross‐linking disrupter, 20 mg/kg), or vehicle was administered daily to mice from the last day following streptozotocin injection. AAAs were assessed via serial aortic diameter measurements, histopathology, and in vitro medial elastolysis assays. Treatment with aminoguanidine, not alagebrium, diminished AGEs in diabetic AAAs. Treatment with both inhibitors enhanced aortic enlargement in diabetic mice as compared with vehicle treatment. Neither enhanced AAA enlargement in nondiabetic mice. AAA enhancement in diabetic mice by aminoguanidine or alagebrium treatment promoted elastin degradation, smooth muscle cell depletion, mural macrophage accumulation, and neoangiogenesis without affecting matrix metalloproteinases, C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2, or serum glucose concentration. Additionally, treatment with both inhibitors reversed suppression of diabetic aortic medial elastolysis by porcine pancreatic elastase in vitro.

Conclusions

Inhibiting AGE formation or AGE‐ECM cross‐linking enhances experimental AAAs in diabetes. These findings support the hypothesis that AGEs attenuate experimental AAAs in diabetes. These findings underscore the potential translational value of enhanced ECM cross‐linking as an inhibitory strategy for early AAA disease.
Association of Degree of Urbanization and Survival in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Gregers Mads Christian Tofte , Møller Sidsel Gamborg , Kjoelbye Julie Samsoe , Jakobsen Louise Kollander , Grabmayr Anne Juul , Kragh Astrid Rolin , Hansen Carolina Malta , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Andelius Linn , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Folke Fredrik
Published: May 2023

Background

Survival from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies across regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urbanization (rural, suburban, and urban areas), bystander interventions (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation), and 30‐day survival from OHCAs in Denmark.

Methods and Results

We included OHCAs not witnessed by ambulance staff in Denmark from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided according to the Eurostat Degree of Urbanization Tool in rural, suburban, and urban areas based on the 98 Danish municipalities. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios. Logistic regression (adjusted for ambulance response time) tested differences between the groups with respect to bystander interventions and survival, according to degree of urbanization. A total of 21 385 OHCAs were included, of which 8496 (40%) occurred in rural areas, 7025 (33%) occurred in suburban areas, and 5864 (27%) occurred in urban areas. Baseline characteristics, as age, sex, location of OHCA, and comorbidities, were comparable between groups. The annual incidence rate ratio of OHCA was higher in rural areas (1.54 [95% CI, 1.48–1.58]) compared with urban areas. Odds for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were lower in suburban (0.86 [95% CI, 0.82–0.96]) and urban areas (0.87 [95% CI, 0.80–0.95]) compared with rural areas, whereas bystander defibrillation was higher in urban areas compared with rural areas (1.15 [95% CI, 1.01–1.31]). Finally, 30‐day survival was higher in suburban (1.13 [95% CI, 1.02–1.25]) and urban areas (1.17 [95% CI, 1.05–1.30]) compared with rural areas.

Conclusions

Degree of urbanization was associated with lower rates of bystander defibrillation and 30‐day survival in rural areas compared with urban areas.
Antihypertensive Medication Regimens Used by US Adults With Hypertension and the Potential for Fixed‐Dose Combination Products: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2015 to 2020
Authors: Derington Catherine G. , Bress Adam P. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Zheutlin Alexander R. , Berchie Ransmond O. , Conroy Molly B. , Cushman William C. , King Jordan B.
Published: May 2023

Background

Fixed‐dose combination (FDC) antihypertensive products improve blood pressure control and adherence among patients with hypertension. It is unknown to what degree commercially available FDC products meet the current hypertension management prescription patterns in the United States.

Methods and Results

This cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2015 to March 2020 included participants with hypertension taking ≥2 antihypertensive medications (N=2451). After constructing each participant's regimen according to antihypertensive classes used, we estimated the extent to which the 7 class‐level FDC regimens available in the United States as of January 2023 would match the regimens used. Among a weighted population of 34.1 million US adults (mean age, 66.0 years; 52.8% women; 69.1% non‐Hispanic White race and ethnicity), the proportions using 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 antihypertensive classes were 60.6%, 28.2%, 9.1%, and 1.6%, respectively. The 7 FDC regimens were among 189 total regimens used (3.7%), and 39.2% of the population used one of the FDC regimens (95% CI, 35.5%–43.0%; 13.4 million US adults); 60.8% of the population (95% CI, 57.0%–64.5%; 20.7 million US adults) were using a regimen not available as a class‐equivalent FDC product.

Conclusions

Three in 5 US adults with hypertension taking ≥2 antihypertensive classes are using a regimen that is not commercially available as a class‐equivalent FDC product as of January 2023. To maximize the potential benefit of FDCs to improve medication adherence (and thus blood pressure control) among patients taking multiple antihypertensive medications, use of FDC‐compatible regimens and improvements in the product landscape are needed.
Clinical Profile, Health Care Costs, and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Harrington Josephine , Sun Jie‐Lena , Fonarow Gregg C. , Heitner Stephen B. , Divanji Punag H. , Binder Gary , Allen Larry A. , Alhanti Brooke , Yancy Clyde W. , Albert Nancy M. , DeVore Adam D. , Felker G. Michael , Greene Stephen J.
Published: May 2023

Background

Many patients with heart failure (HF) have severely reduced ejection fraction but do not meet threshold for consideration of advanced therapies (ie, stage D HF). The clinical profile and health care costs associated with these patients in US practice is not well described.

Methods and Results

We examined patients hospitalized for worsening chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ≤40% from 2014 to 2019 in the GWTG‐HF (Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure) registry, who did not receive advanced HF therapies or have end‐stage kidney disease. Patients with severely reduced EF defined as EF ≤30% were compared with those with EF 31% to 40% in terms of clinical profile and guideline‐directed medical therapy. Among Medicare beneficiaries, postdischarge outcomes and health care expenditure were compared. Among 113 348 patients with EF ≤40%, 69% (78 589) had an EF ≤30%. Patients with severely reduced EF ≤30% tended to be younger and were more likely to be Black. Patients with EF ≤30% also tended to have fewer comorbidities and were more likely to be prescribed guideline‐directed medical therapy (“triple therapy” 28.3% versus 18.2%,
P
<0.001). At 12‐months postdischarge, patients with EF ≤30% had significantly higher risk of death (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.08–1.18]) and HF hospitalization (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.09–1.19]), with similar risk of all‐cause hospitalizations. Health care expenditures were numerically higher for patients with EF ≤30% (median US$22 648 versus $21 392,
P
=0.11).

Conclusions

Among patients hospitalized for worsening chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in US clinical practice, most patients have severely reduced EF ≤30%. Despite younger age and modestly higher use of guideline‐directed medical therapy at discharge, patients with severely reduced EF face heightened postdischarge risk of death and HF hospitalization.
New Hypertension After Pregnancy in Patients With Heart Disease
Authors: Siu Samuel C. , Lee Douglas S. , Fang Jiming , Austin Peter C. , Silversides Candice K.
Published: May 2023

Background

After pregnancy, patients with preexisting heart disease are at high risk for cardiovascular complications. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of new hypertension after pregnancy in patients with and without heart disease.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective matched‐cohort study comparing the incidence of new hypertension after pregnancy in 832 patients who are pregnant with congenital or acquired heart disease to a comparison group of 1664 patients who are pregnant without heart disease; matching was by demographics and baseline risk for hypertension at the time of the index pregnancy. We also examined whether new hypertension was associated with subsequent death or cardiovascular events. The 20‐year cumulative incidence of hypertension was 24% in patients with heart disease, compared with 14% in patients without heart disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81 [95% CI, 1.44–2.27]). The median follow‐up time at hypertension diagnosis in the heart disease group was 8.1 years (interquartile range, 4.2–11.9 years). The elevated rate of new hypertension was observed not only in patients with ischemic heart disease, but also in those with left‐sided valve disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. Pregnancy risk prediction methods can further stratify risk of new hypertension. New hypertension was associated with an increased rate of subsequent death or cardiovascular events (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.05–2.25]).

Conclusions

Patients with heart disease are at higher risk for developing hypertension in the decades after pregnancy when compared with those without heart disease. New hypertension in this young cohort is associated with adverse cardiovascular events highlighting the importance of systematic and lifelong surveillance.
The Cold War and Air Force Politics in Independent Nigeria (1960–1962)
Authors: Omeni Akali
Published: May 2023

The term “military” within the Nigerian context tends to be a misnomer for the Army, with the Navy and Air Force often at the scholarship margins. This article presents a corrective: it shifts the emphasis from the Nigerian Army within the historical discourse on politics and its impact on the military in Nigeria. The paper instead examines the Cold War political origins of the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) as an under-researched service branch of the Nigerian military. In 1962, after two years of political negotiations, Nigeria’s politicians shunned British overtures and opted for West German assistance in establishing an air force. In examining the Cold War political environment, including the actors and decision-making in the two years leading to that outcome, the article employs interview data and historical sources from the National Defence College Abuja and the UK National Archives, including communiqués, letters and other forms of official corpus.
A new species of Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: CAO YUFENG , YU GUANGYU , PETROV ALEXANDER V. , LI YOU , LI TING , TARNO HAGUS , CAO GUANGHONG , XU YE , WANG JIANGUO
Published: May 2023

Scolytus unicornis, a new species of Scolytus Geoffroy from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. Three DNA barcoding sequences (COI, 28S, CAD) of this species are provided. The new species is distinguished from other Asian Scolytus species by the longitudinal wrinkles on the frons only in the area below the eyes, a large median spine situated in the middle of the ventrite 2 base, and female frons with a slightly raised blunt tubercle above the epistoma.
Generational differences in attitudes to meritocracy: Sources of change in valuing education, innate abilities, and hard work in Poland
Authors: Wysmułek Ilona , Wysmułek Jakub
Published: May 2023

Although the generational experiences of young adults are believed to have an enduring impact on their attitudes throughout the life course, it remains unclear whether periods of stability versus different types of radical social change lead to substantive generational differences. In this paper, we examine attitudes toward meritocracy of four generations in Poland whose young adulthood was spent in (a) the “Little Stabilization” period of the 1960s and early 1970s; (b) the economic and political crisis of the late 1970s and 1980s; (c) the turbulence of the political and economic transformation of the 1990s; and (d) the relative stability of the first decade of the 21st century after Poland's accession to the European Union. Our data come from surveys dating back to 1988, before the regime change in Poland, and until 2020. The results show changing attitudes toward the value of education, innate abilities, talent, and hard work in Poland. There is a generational effect on perceived meritocracy. The generation of people born in 1956–1959, who entered adult life during the deep crisis of the socialist state, expresses the greatest distrust in meritocracy. Findings suggest that the experience of spending one's youth and young adulthood in a relatively stable political and economic system, either socialist or capitalist, has a positive influence on meritocratic attitudes.
An Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Aerodigestive Injuries in Penetrating Neck Trauma
Authors: Adra Amal , Brigode William , Bokhari Faran
Published: May 2023

Assessment of aerodigestive injuries in penetrating neck trauma (PNT) is currently left up to the discretion of physicians which can result in a lot of confusion and unnecessary testing. This study was performed at a level 1 trauma center to assess the role of computed tomography arteriogram (CTA) in evaluating for aerodigestive injury in PNT. A total of 242 patients met criteria, with ages ranging from 7 to 86 years. Computed tomography arteriogram, EGD, esophagography, and bronchoscopy were classified into positive, negative, and indeterminate results. Computed tomography arteriogram was then further analyzed for violation of the carotid sheath, investing, pretracheal, and deep cervical fascias. Results showed a high sensitivity and NPV (100%) of CTA in assessing aerodigestive injury. Computed tomography arteriogram is a reliable first-line screening tool for aerodigestive injury. EGD appears more useful than esophagography at identifying esophageal injuries. Esophagography and bronchoscopy should be reserved to aid in injury management decision-making rather than as screening studies.
Epidemiology and Post-Discharge Resource Utilization of Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Mlaver Eli , Codner Jesse , Solomon Gina , Todd S. Rob , Benjamin Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Benchmark data on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are potentially confounded by morbidity and rehabilitation needs associated with coincident extracranial injuries. Using data on isolated head injuries from 13 trauma centers in Georgia over 3 years, we studied the epidemiology and natural history of isolated TBI in geriatric vs non-geriatric patients in order to identify potential areas for quality improvement. We identified 8 512 patients, 3 895 of whom were geriatric. Geriatric patients had higher baseline comorbidity burden, mostly presented after ground level falls, had higher mortality despite equivalent ICU admission rates, and had higher rates of post-discharge resource utilization than non-geriatric counterparts. Geriatric patients are more likely to require post-discharge services and/or facility placement, regardless of pre-injury functional status. These data highlight the importance of streamlined protocols that place an early focus on post-discharge needs and goals of care, informed by cohort-specific prognosis data.
‘I disdain the company of flatterers!’: How and when observed ingratiation predicts employees’ ostracism toward their ingratiating colleagues
Authors: Cheng Bao , Guo Gongxing , Tian Jian , Kong Yurou
Published: May 2023

Ingratiation is an impression management tactic used by those who seek to obtain the favor of others. Previous studies mainly examine the role of ingratiation from the initiator’s perspective, ignoring observers’ reactions when they are confronted with their peers’ ingratiating behaviors. Drawing on social comparison theory, this study employs a third-party framework to explain the pathways between observed ingratiation and ostracism and analyzes data from a time-lagged survey and two scenario-based experiments in the Chinese context. Observed ingratiation triggers third-party employees’ ostracism of flatterers by arousing a sense of future status threats. Moreover, when observers’ goals are competitive with those of ingratiators, the adverse effects of observed ingratiation are exacerbated, whereas their leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) buffers its unfavorable effects. These findings advance ingratiation studies by extending the research perspective from that of initiator–target dyads to third-party employees and unveiling a vital mediator (future status threats) and two essential opposite moderators (competitive goals and LMXSC) in the internal mechanism underlying the observed ingratiation–ostracism link. Further, although ingratiation may induce benefits for ingratiators, managers must recognize that it can be destructive for third-party employees.
The link between burnout and social-occupational variables in Spanish social workers
Authors: Ariza Toledano Leonor Belén , Ruiz-Olivares Rosario
Published: May 2023

This study aims to relate the sociodemographic and work-related variables that characterize social work professionals with the presence or absence of burnout. A single-group ex post facto prospective descriptive design questionnaire was created incorporating sociodemographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study involved 442 members of professional social workers’ associations in Spain. The results indicated a burnout prevalence of 11.4% among the participants and a strong tendency to suffer from it. Significant differences were also found in the sociodemographic and work-related variables collected.
Spiritual complexity in Australia: Wellbeing and risks
Authors: Halafoff Anna , Singleton Andrew , Fitzpatrick Ruth
Published: May 2023

The turn of the twenty-first century was characterised by ‘spiritual revolution’, with claims that interest in New Age spirituality was eclipsing religion and would continue to do so in the future. Since then, scholars of religion have been more focused on religious diversity and the rise of the non-religious. While interest in spirituality, uptake of spiritual practices, and identification as ‘spiritual but not religious’ have continued to grow, spirituality is typically not taken as seriously as religion, at least in political spheres or by academia. This article examines the history and contemporary dynamics of spiritual complexity in Australia, drawing on the findings of two Australian Research Council–funded studies ‘The Worldviews of Australia’s Generation Z’ and ‘Religious Diversity in Australia’ and on a recent project ‘(Con)spirituality, Science and COVID-19 in Australia’. It argues that it is certainly time for spirituality to be taken more seriously in this country and globally, given spirituality’s concern with personal and planetary wellbeing, and also the potential risks spirituality can pose due to its association with dis/misinformation, neoliberalism, and violence.
School-Based Discrimination and Social-Emotional Learning Among Latinx Youth: The Moderating Role of School Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Ramos Carranza Perla , Boat Ashley , Hsieh Ta-yang
Published: May 2023

This study examines the association between school-based discrimination and social-emotional learning (SEL) for Latinx students and the potential protective role of school commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). We also examine whether these associations differ based on Latinx youth’s gender and sexual orientation. The sample included 2,017 Latinx youth (ages 11–21; 49% girls) from middle schools and high schools across the United States based on path analyses, we found that school-based discrimination is negatively associated with SEL and that commitment to DEI buffers the negative impact of discrimination on SEL. Multigroup analyses revealed some differences in the path analyses among girls compared to boys and sexual minority youth compared to heterosexual youth. Our findings suggest that school commitment to DEI can be protective against the negative effects of school-based discrimination on SEL for Latinx students and highlight the importance of considering within-group differences among Latinx youth.
Prevalence, Correlates, and Trends of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Gambia: Results From 2 National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys
Authors: Shaikh Masood Ali
Published: May 2023

No country is immune from intimate partner violence (IPV). The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence, correlates and trends of this global public health menace perpetrated by men against women using the most recent nationally representative Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2019-20; with analysis of levels and trends of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands/partners from ever-married women, from GDHS conducted in 2013, at the 8 subnational regions. IPV association with 12 covariates entailing socio-demographic, experiential and attitudinal characteristics was analyzed in bivariate and multivariable models, using simple and multiple logistic regression. Physical, emotional, and sexual IPV was reported by 29.09%, 24.03%, and 5.52% respectively. While prevalence of having experienced any type of IPV was39.23%. Statistically significant association of IPV with various covariates computed in univariate analysis were used in the multivariable logistic regression model. Women’s and husband’s educational attainment, wealth status, having witnessed father physically beat mother, and marital control exhibited by the husband were statistically significantly associated with IPV, in the final model. Physical, emotional, and sexual IPV increased from 2023 to 2019-20 in all 8 regions, with the exception of sexual IPV in Kanifing region. However, not all these changes were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual IPV prevalence in Gambia was slightly lower compared with the African region. The disturbing finding of increase in all 3 types of violence in all regions—with one exception—paints a dire scenario that augurs the imperative of women empowerment and revisiting of cultural norms for protecting women.
Haematological factors and anaemia in acute malaria: A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Aswal Richa , Ahmad Sohaib , Kala Mansi
Published: May 2023

This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was undertaken to estimate the burden of anaemia in malaria and to evaluate the contribution of haematogenic factors and haemolysis in its pathogenesis. Haematogenic factors (vitamin B12, folic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, direct Coombs test) were estimated in patients with malaria at the time of admission. They were categorized as anaemics or non-anaemics and their complications and outcomes were recorded. P. vivax (97/112) and P. falciparum (13/112) mono-infections dominated; anaemia was seen in 63.3%. Patients with and without anaemia were comparable in terms of haemolysis and the haematogenic factors evaluated. Bleeding events, acute kidney injury and acute liver injury were comparable; however, the need for mechanical ventilation and transfusion of blood products was significantly higher amongst the anaemics. We concluded that haemolysis and presumably transient bone marrow suppression contribute to anaemia in malaria. Pre-existing nutritional deficiencies do not, however, predispose to severe malaria.
The Relationship Between Military Service and Legislative Behavior for U.S. Representatives in Recent Congresses
Authors: Tier David J.
Published: May 2023

Military veterans serving in the U.S. House of Representatives during the 113th–115th Congresses (2013–2019) exhibited distinct legislative behavior on selected defense-related topics compared with their nonveteran colleagues. Examining 208 House roll call votes on issues salient to military veterans in which more than 90,000 individual Representative votes were cast as well as by categorizing more than 19,000 bills sponsored, this study finds that there was a small but distinct veteran voting trend that opposed Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) troop reductions. In addition, younger members exhibited a trend that suggests future Congresses may be more willing to approve use of military force than in previous decades. Finally, this study empirically demonstrates the tension in conservative fiscal policy preferences between increasing defense spending versus restraining total government expenditure.
Ameloblastoma of the Mandible With Carcinoma Transformation in a Young Adult
Authors: Hamza Mahmoud , Kim Jeehong , Badash Ido , Kokot Niels
Published: May 2023

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare and aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor making up less than 1% of malignant head and neck tumors. The majority of cases occur in the mandible with a minority occurring in the maxilla. Most occur de novo, while rare cases of AC have resulted from transformation from ameloblastoma. Here, we present a case in which a 30-year-old man presented with proptosis and a recurrent right temporal mass, which had been previously diagnosed as ameloblastoma on surgical pathology. CT findings demonstrated local invasion, and he was subsequently taken to the operating room for right craniotomy, infratemporal and middle cranial fossa tumor resection, and right modified radical neck dissection with reconstruction. Final pathology, which included areas of early focal necrosis, loss of peripheral palisading, and hyperchromatism, confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma with transformation to AC. We further discuss radiologic and histopathological signs of this rare tumor, as well as recommended treatment modalities.
Parent and physician beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of plant milks for children
Authors: Soczynska Izabela , da Costa Bruno R. , O’Connor Deborah L. , Jenkins David J.A. , Birken Catherine S. , Juando-Prats Clara , Maguire Jonathon L. ,   on behalf of the TARGet Kids! collaboration
Published: May 2023

Background: Parent and physician perceptions of plant milk are unclear. Aim: To explore parent and physician perceptions of plant milk for children and to gain a better understanding of why parents and physicians might choose plant milk for children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using a questionnaire and interviews with parents and physicians participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Parents reported a variety of reasons for choosing plant milk for their children including concerns around allergies, the environment, animal welfare, plant-based diet, health benefits, taste and hormones in cow's milk. Parents gave their children various types of plant milks and physicians provided various recommendations to parents of children not consuming cow's milk. Our study identified that 79% of parents and 51% of physicians were unaware that soy milk is the recommended cow's milk substitute for children. Additionally, 26% of parents did not know some plant milks are not fortified and can contain added sugar. Three main themes were identified from interviews about why parents and physicians may choose plant milk for children: (i) healthiness of plant milk; (ii) concerns about hormones; and (iii) environmental impacts. Conclusions: Parents and physicians choose the milk that they believe is healthiest for their child or patient. However, a lack of clarity on the effects of plant milk consumption on children's health resulted in conflicting views on whether plant milk or cow's milk is healthier for children.
Coloniality and the State: Race, Nation and Dependency
Authors: Mignolo Walter D. , Bussmann Fábio Santino
Published: May 2023

It is of concern that, until now, Western and Southern theories have not been able to provide a full conceptual understanding of the complicity of the elites and states of former colonies outside the West with the political domination they suffer from their Western counterparts. Decolonial thought, by exploring global epistemic designs, can fully explain such political dependency, which, for Aníbal Quijano, results from the local elites’ goal to racially identify with their Western peers (self-humanization), obstructing local nationalization. We explore why the racially dehumanized local elites believe they can humanize themselves. Our claim is that this happens because of modernity’s pretense that everyone can become civilized and, thereby, human, hiding the fact that hu(man)s are only heterosexual men that are simultaneously Western, white and Christian. Only by focusing on the enunciation of Western knowledge, instead of on its enunciated content, can we make that argument.
Hereditary angioedema in cardiac surgery: Perioperative management considerations for a rare disease
Authors: Adami Enrica Chiara , Magri Federica , Plotti Chiara , Renzi Stefania , Chiarini Giovanni , De Cicco Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Hereditary Angioedema is a rare disease caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency leading to diffuse and potentially life-threatening oedema formation. Preventing attacks is critical, particularly for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Case Report

We report a case of a 71-years-old woman with a history of Hereditary Angioedema scheduled for open-heart surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Multidisciplinar teamwork and patient-targeted strategy were crucial to obtain a favorable outcome.

Discussion

Cardiac surgery is a major stressor for Angioedema attacks because of Complement cascade and inflammatory response activation leading to potential life-threatening oedema formation. In literature only few cases of complex open heart surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass are described.

Conclusion

Continuous updating and multidisciplinarity are key elements to manage patients with Hereditary Angioedema in cardiac surgery in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.