bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposition of a Growth Law as a Function of Solidification Parameters for Monotectic Alloy Systems
Authors: Silva Adrina , Braga José , Monteiro Jr Paulo , Silva Cassio , Konno Camila , Costa Thiago , Feitosa Emmanuelle
Published: July 2022

Monotectic alloys show promising applications in wear-resistant automotive components, once these systems have remarkable self-lubricating properties that are of great interest for using in bearings. Much research has been devoted to better comprehend monotectic reactions. Some studies assume that the interphase spacing evolution in monotectic alloys follows the classical relationship used for eutectics or the dendritic growth relationship; however, some studies reported that the growth laws seem not to be valid for some cases. Because of that, obtaining single mathematical expressions that allow describing the development of solidification structures as a function of thermal parameters is very important. Based on the above, this chapter proposes a systematic analysis of the monotectic growth laws proposed in the literature and suggests exclusive growth laws as a function of solidification parameter for monotectic alloys solidified under different heat extracting configurations.
Oil Spill Incidents on Coral Reefs: Impacts and Remediation Technologies
Authors: Fernandes Luanny , L. Carmo Flávia , E. de Jesus Hugo , U. Soriano Adriana , F. Santos Henrique
Published: July 2022

Despite the great ecological and economic importance of coral reefs, these ecosystems are especially sensitive to environmental changes and vulnerable to impacts from various anthropogenic activities, including contamination by oil spills. Oil spills occur worldwide, mostly in marine environments, and have been reported for decades. Furthermore, the main oil transport routes in the oceans are close to important coral reefs and many of the major oil spills in history have occurred near these areas. Because of the widespread use of petroleum products, offshore oil and gas production has significantly increased its potential since the 1990s, thus increasing the risk of accidents in marine environments and consequently on coral reefs. Despite the great risk of oil exploitation to coral reefs, there is still no efficient, sustainable, and large-scale applicable remediation strategy to protect or to clean up reefs impacted by oil spills. Current methodologies to remediate oil pollution in marine environments are based on the use of chemical dispersants; however, these can be more harmful to corals than oil itself. Meanwhile, the use of bioremediation strategy, through the manipulation of the coral microbiome, has been proposed as a possible alternative to mitigate the impacts of oil on coral reefs.
Development of Orthopedic Implants with Highly Biocompatible Ti Alloys
Authors: Okazaki Yoshimitsu , Chinzei Kiyoyuki
Published: July 2022

The material properties of metallic materials used for manufacturing of orthopedic implants are important for understanding the factors affecting the biological, biomechanical, and biochemical performances of orthopedic implants. This chapter will provide the test method for characterizing potential materials for metallic orthopedic device such as artificial joints and osteosynthesis. Particularly, the alloy design and low-cost manufacturing processes of titanium (Ti) metals, cytocompatibility of metals, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of Ti alloys, and mechanical compatibility of orthopedic implants are summarized. Future trends on both materials and biological evaluation methods are also introduced here. Three-dimensional (3D) layer manufacturing technologies are expected as new technologies for manufacturing, artificial hip joint stems, acetabular cups, and femoral components and tibial trays of artificial knee joints among others. 3D layer manufacturing technologies are also expected for manufacturing porous materials such as acetabular components. It is possible to obtain marketing approval for highly biocompatible implants that are optimized for the skeletal structures and needs of patients by combining 3D layer manufacturing technologies with imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT).
IoT-Based Route Guidance Technology for the Visually Impaired in Indoor Area
Authors: Hwang Jong-Gyu , An Tae-Ki , Kim Kyeong-Hee , Yu Chung-Gi
Published: July 2022

The mobility handicapped, especially the visually impaired, are complaining of many difficulties and inconveniences in moving in underground spaces such as subway stations due to inconvenience in behavior and lack of guidance information. Route guidance for the visually impaired through various mobile apps using the newest global positioning system (GPS) is supported, but these apps cannot be used in areas where GPS signals are not received. To solve this problem, in this chapter, an Internet of things (IoT) sensor-based route guidance technology was presented to improve the mobility of the visually impaired in indoor areas such as railway stations and a mobile app has been developed, where an IoT-sensor-based user positioning algorithm and user convenience are considered. In addition, to evaluate the applicability of the developed system, the user satisfaction was measured through a test at the virtual Busan City Hall metro station for the visually impaired. The route guidance technology presented in this chapter is expected to contribute greatly to the improvement in the mobility of the visually impaired in indoor areas including railway stations.
Beam Implementation with a Translucent Twisted-Nematic Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Ahmadi Kavan
Published: July 2022

This chapter describes an efficient approach to generating light beams with arbitrary intensity profile and phase distribution. Accordingly, a fast method is described to characterize liquid crystal displays based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and fringe analysis in the Fourier domain. Then, the double-pixel hologram Arrizón’s approach is reviewed. This approach is able to generate an on-axis computer-generated hologram into a low-resolution twisted-nematic liquid crystal for encoding arbitrary complex modulations. Furthermore, a fast algorithm to map holographic cells based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier is introduced in order to generate computer-generated holograms faster than the conventional calculation. Finally, two beam profiles are produced with the described approach and assessed at the entrance pupil and the depth of focus of a high-NA microscope objective.
Removal of Microcystins from Drinking Water by Electrocoagulation: Upscaling, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Opoku-Duah Stephen , Johnson Dennis , Blair Dan , Dimick Jeff
Published: July 2022

Microcystins (MCs) belong to a family of stable monocyclic heptapeptide compounds responsible for hazardous toxins in drinking water. Although several methods have been applied to remove MCs from drinking water (e.g., activated carbon filtration, ion exchange resins, high-pressure membranes, and electrochemistry), upscaling laboratory experiments to benefit municipal water treatment is still a major challenge. This chapter is a follow-up study designed to test three electrocoagulation (EC) techniques for decomposing MC by UV-ozone purification (laboratory), electrocoagulation (field unit), and coupled UV-ozone-electrocoagulation (municipal treatment). The chemistry and efficiency of the treatments were first examined followed by comparison with activated carbon filtration. Electrocoagulation outperformed activated carbon filtration by nearly 40%. When the laboratory treatments were evaluated at the municipal scale, effectiveness of the technique deteriorated by 10–20% because of UV pulse dissipation, vapor-ion plasma under-functioning, and limitations of polymer fiber filters. We confirmed previously published studies that pollutant coagulation and MC decomposition are affected by physicochemical factors such as radiation pulse density, electrical polarity, pH, and temperature dynamics. The results have relevant applications in wastewater treatment and chemical recycling.
Femtosecond Laser Micro-/Nano-Texturing to Die Substrates for Fine Imprinting to Products
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Inohara Tadahiko , Suzuki Yohei , Shiratori Tomomi
Published: July 2022

A femtosecond laser micro−/nano-texturing was proposed to fabricate the coated and surface treated dies with the tailored textures for surface decoration and surface property control of metal, polymer and glass products. The polygonal model for microtextures with nanotextures by the LIPSS-effect was utilized to fabricate a DLC-coated SKD11 die with a star-shaped emblem. This die was set up into the cassette die set for directly imprinting this emblem into aluminum alloy and PET sheets. The periodic surface structure was synthesized as a surface geometry model to build up the super-hydrophobic surface on the nitrogen supersaturated AISI316 die. This die was also set up into a hot stamping system to directly imprint the hydrophobic surface onto the phosphorous glass products. Through the femtosecond laser micro−/nano-texturing and CNC-imprinting, the metal, polymer and glass product surfaces were optically decorated to have color grating and plasmonic brilliance and functionally controlled to be hydrophobic.
Transfer of Heat through a Thin Liquid Film
Authors: Naseem Tahir
Published: July 2022

The present work discusses heat transfer in thin liquid films past a stretching surface in the presence of Joule heating, radiation, viscous dissipation, and magnetic effects. Using a suitable similarity transformation, the nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved by using the shooting method. The physical quantities, such as the unsteadiness parameter, the Prandtl number, the magnetic field parameter, the radiation parameter, and the viscous dissipation parameter on temperature distributions, are depicted graphically. It is observed that the effects of Prandtl and Eckert numbers are same over the temperature distribution. Furthermore, it is also evident that the increasing values of the unsteadiness parameter enhance the thermal conductivity of the fluid.
Intensive Care Unit Management after Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Yadav Naveen , Purwar Sankalp
Published: July 2022

The patients with pulmonary lobectomy invariably are shifted to the intensive care unit/high-dependency unit after the surgery because these patients can have significant minor and major complications. These complications following pulmonary lobectomy are preventable, and early identification in ICU can lead to reduced morbidity and mortality. Good intensive care management after pulmonary lobectomy can reduce the cost by decreasing the number of days patient stays in the hospital. This chapter will broadly discuss the common complications encountered in ICU after pulmonary lobectomy and approach to manage them.
Cristianizzare Abramo. Il caso di Ireneo di Lione interprete della «prova di Abramo» (Gen. 22,1-19)
Authors: Corvo Francesco Maria ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: July 2022

Irenaeus of Lyon uses the tale of Abraham as biblical proof for his thesis on the unity of God and of the history of salvation. In order to do this, however, he must first refute the Gnostic and Marcionite interpretations of Abraham, and so the episode of Isaac’s sacrifice (Gn 22:1–19). In Irenaeus’s exegesis of Gn 22:1–19, Abraham becomes the progenitor of the apostles and gentiles who are welcomed into the Church and an ante litteram disciple of Mt 4:22 and 16:24; he, who prophetically foresees the day of Jesus’s passion (Jn 8:56), offers his son Isaac as a sacrifice, just as God would offer his son, the incarnate Logos, as a sacrifice for the salvation of his descendants.
The Treatment of the Resurrection of Lazarus (Jn 11:1-44) in the Works of Hilary of Poitiers. Reflections on the Nature and Glorification of the Son in the Light of Anti-Arian Polemics
Authors: López Almudena Alba ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: July 2022

The exegesis of the resurrection of Lazarus (Jn 11:1-44) offers Hilary of Poitiers the chance to reflect on the emotional suffering of the Word made flesh and its glorification by the Father. The bishop uses these motifs to rebut the subordinationist position of his adversaries and to uphold the presence of the Father in the Son, declaring the perfect equality of both persons. Thus, he uses the miracle of the resurrection of Lazarus to show how the glorification of the Son is intended to sanctify the flesh he assumed, so that the Father to recognizes him in it, thus restoring the unity of his divine and human natures. Likewise, he draws a connection with Jn 5:24-29, reinforcing his thoughts on the mystery of the mutual inhabitation of the Father and the Son with an anti-Arian interpretation.
Impact of change orders on road construction project : Consultans' perspective
Authors: Waty Mega , Sulistio Hendrik
Published: July 2022

Change orders in construction projects have a significant negative impact on project performance. This study aims to determine the impact of change orders in terms of cost, quality, time, organization, and other factors in road construction projects. This was achieved through the distribution of questionnaires and the return of 30 consultant respondents engaged in road construction projects from the provinces of DKI Jakarta, Banten, and West Java. After that, the data obtained is processed using a statistical tool known as Smart PLS. Data processing with Smart PLS tested the validity and reliability and the relationship between variables. There are 6 variables, namely X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, and Y with each indicator, with a total of 17 indicators from X1 to X5 and a total of 4 indicators for Y indicators. The results of this study resulted in the impact of change orders significantly affecting cost (X1), quality (X2), time (X3), organization (X4), and others (5) on road construction projects, the biggest impact being others. The results also show three significant indicators, change orders reduce labor productivity (X5.2), change orders cause disputes in projects (X4.1), and change order to reduce the quality of work ( X2.2).
The germination of Triticum aestivum L. and Pisum sativum L. seeds treated with walnut leaf aqueous extract
Authors: Maksimović Tanja , Hasanagić Dino
Published: July 2022

Allelopathy determines the dynamics of germination, development and growth of plant species in the environment. Therefore, in this study, the allelopathic effect of an aqueous extract isolated from walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves (concentrated extract, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) on the germination percentage, mean germination value and germination rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and peas was monitored (Pisum sativum L.). Both tested species were sensitive to juglone, but the percentage of germination was significantly lower in wheat (by 80%) compared to peas, so it can be said that this species is more sensitive. The length of roots and shoots of both tested species decreased in proportion to the increase in the concentration of the extract. Monitoring of this biological phenomenon could help to understand the changes in the environment caused by allelochemicals.
Blockchain technology and money laundering
Authors: Bjelajac Željko , Bajac Momčilo
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we want to break down certain prejudices against new blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies, especially the Bitcoin, as instruments having mostly negative connotations and representing an opportunity for various criminal activities, including the cases of money laundering where money has been acquired in unethical and illegal ways. According to that aim, there were applied the methods of genetic, structural and functional analysis, the method of correlative variations, as well as the analogous and normative method. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to an introduction to DLT - (Distributed Ledger Technologies), i.e. a distributed book of records technologies, on which the blockchain and its most important exponent - the Bitcoin - rests. Also, we had to touch upon the second most important contribution to this technology, namely the Ethereum blockchain, which expands the perspectives opened by the Bitcoin, and thus the possibilities for misuse of this technology, primarily due to its constitutive principle of anonymity. In the paper, we have shown the fact that despite inadequate legislation, both nationally and globally, the blockchain and cryptocurrencies have not significantly supported the paths of illegal money laundering, especially not related to serious crimes, in particular drug trafficking and terrorism. We mostly see the contribution of this paper in the typologization of possible money laundering procedures, especially by using the NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens), non-exchangeable tokens whose hype, in last two years, might be the result of a perceived opportunity for a new way of money laundering. We conclude that we should not be afraid of the Bitcoin, but it should be accepted as an integral part of a peaceful and prosperous futurity for it opens new perspectives for humanity burdened with bigger problems than money laundering, which had existed to the same degree even before the appearance of the Bitcoin.
The European model of the integrated border management
Authors: Ristić Vladimir
Published: July 2022

The enlargement of the European Union has called for a reevaluation of the way the external borders to be protected as a necessary consequence of the free movement of people in the European Union. It also appears to be a result of a fundamental component of the area of freedom, security and justice. The abolition of the internal border checks and a different approach to external borders followed by emerging forms of cross-border crime with a cross-border dimension, illegal migration, trafficking in human beings and terrorist threats constantly being on the rise, have requested a different approach. The lack of economic perspective, poverty, environmental disasters and wars have forced people to look for a better life else where, which has led to the most important global phenomenon of the 21st century migration. Migration issues have made us think about the important matters faced by developed countries independently, and as such they are currently at the top of the European Union's political agenda. To respond effectively to emerging challenges and threats, the European Union has expedited the development of the integrated border management as a generally acceptable border management model, as well as a key factor in improving migration management. The paper is based on the information gathered from the open sources of the European Union institutions, as well as from personal experiences gained throughout the course of border management reform in Republic of Serbia.
Social and economic crisis through the prism of Kondratiev long wave theory
Authors: Malešević Matija
Published: July 2022

The scale of the modern economic crisis has refuted theories of a linear and self-regulating market. Adam Smith's "invisible hand" turned out to be nothing but a myth which served the purpose of maintaining the monopoly. In pursuit of alternative interpretations, we have decided that this paper should investigate the scale of crisis in the world and how major powers respond to it, as seen through Kondratiev long wave theory. Initially, we present the basic theoretical presumptions, to which we added modern sociological interpretations. This section is followed by explanations of socio-technological factors which are crucial for the intervals of long waves. Finally, we give a general presentation of the relationship between major powers and their future geocultural strategies: This paper aims to fathom the mechanisms of structurally conditioned crises and to indicate the need to apply Kondratiev long-wave theory when creating highest-level strategic documents.
Sharing: Transferring knowledge in companies
Authors: Radosavljević Darko
Published: July 2022

Knowledge management is a manner in which an organization creates, maintains and shares knowledge. It constitutes an integral function of business operations in many companies that build their success by creating new knowledge, then distributing it within the organization and integrating it in new technologies and products. Understanding the idea of knowledge sharing appears as a key research area within a wide scope of research into transfer of technologies and innovations. The paper emphasizes the importance of knowledge and professionalism as key resources of enterprises and national economies. Moreover, it points to different types of knowledge and models of creating and using knowledge. By sharing - transferring knowledge, individual knowledge is transformed into organizational and contributes to improved performances of a company.
Multi-component gas mixtures for construction and special steel arc welding and influence on ffr (fume formation rate)
Authors: Bjelajac Edvard , Skumavc Andrej , Vuherer Tomaž
Published: July 2022

MIG / MAG welding with solid or flux cored welding wire and TIG welding are most important arc processes for industrial application. In last period, laser welding become more and more important in industrial welding and cladding applications. Optimum selection of welding process for specific application include more important parameters like productivity, demand quality of weld and influence of welding process to health of welder. With shielding gases is possible to influence on productivity, and quantity of welding fumes. Some welding shielding gases include nitrogen.
Prognostic Value of Reflux of Contrast into the Inferior Vena Cava and Hepatic Veins on CT Pulmonary Angiography in Patients of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Raza Farheen , Arif Adnan , Raza Muhammad Ali , Yasin Fawad , Asghar Maryam , Ziad Alishbah
Published: July 2022

A pulmonary embolism (PE) that obstructs pulmonary arterial blood flow is a medical emergency. Its early detection and appropriate management can be lifesaving. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is currently in use as a standard tool for diagnosis of PE. This study was performed to determine the prognostic accuracy of contrast reflux into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins on CTPA in patients suffering from acute PE.

Materials and Methods

The study was composed of 285 patients between 15 to 85 years of age that had filling defects in pulmonary arteries on CTPA that were consistent with those of a pulmonary embolism. The extent of contrast reflux into the IVC and hepatic veins was determined on the basis of a Groves scale. The patients were followed for a period of 30 days.

Results

Of 285 total patients, 200 (70.17%) survived the post PE period of 30 days and were labeled as survivors. The other 85 (29.83%) patients did not survive the 30-day duration and were called non-survivors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of IVC contrast reflux grading were 65.8%, 90%, 73.68%, 86.12 % and 82.8 % respectively.

Conclusion

We conclude that IVC contrast reflux grading assessed on helical CT is a beneficial tool for predicting prognosis in cases of acute PE.
Taller (Des)cifradores de mensajes: una manera de presentar el funcionamiento interno de un compilador a niños de 6 a 12 años desde la experimentación artística
Authors: Pérez-Campos Marta
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se presenta el uso de un taller como herramienta que permita aproximar a niños de 6 a 12 años al funcionamiento interno de un ordenador desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente creativa y experimental. Este taller tiene como objetivo principal que los participantes entiendan qué son los lenguajes de programación y qué función ejercen como medio de comunicación entre personas y ordenadores. Se proponen actividades en las que, a través de analogías y comparaciones con aquellos aspectos que comparten los lenguajes de programación con los naturales –como son la idea de traducción o la transmisión de información a través de la escritura–, se posibilite experimentar con la creación de nuestro propio sistema de codificación y entender la función de los lenguajes de programación y de los compiladores. De este modo, los participantes son capaces de hacerse una idea sobre cómo las máquinas reciben y procesan la información que les facilitamos sin necesidad de emplear terminología técnica. En la actualidad se considera esencial el aprendizaje de la programación desde muy temprana edad, en ocasiones, no con la finalidad de aumentar la creatividad personal de los niños, sino con el propósito de preparar su cerebro para un posible futuro laboral dentro del sector tecnológico. En este artículo se presenta un caso en el que desde la experimentación se propone el descubrimiento de los componentes y procesos internos de un ordenador, utilizando para ello medios tanto analógicos como digitales. Se describe la metodología empleada, el marco teórico, el desarrollo y las conclusiones extraídas tras su realización y tras la recepción de una encuesta rellenada por cada uno de los participantes. El taller tuvo una duración de 180 minutos y se desarrolló en Etopia: Centro de Arte y Tecnología (Zaragoza, España).
Substancje szkodliwe występujące w preparatach do koloryzacji [Noxious substances in hair dye cosmetics]
Authors: Karbowska Bożena , Janeba-Bartoszewicz Edyta , Wioleta Jankowiak
Published: July 2022

Hair dyeing has been popular since ancient times, when pigments were mainly extracted from plants. With the development of technology and cultural trends, the search began not only for new pigments but also for new substances, which would make hair dyeing more durable and intense. The addition of synthetic compounds to the composition of hair coloring cosmetics, in addition to the indicated benefits also resulted in side effects. The most often listed substances with toxic properties are PPD (p-phenylenediamine), PTD (p-toluenediamine), persulfates (e.g. sodium persulfate), lavson, m-aminophenol or resorcinol. The adverse effects of these substances on the organism of the client or the hairdresser may manifest in the form of skin redness, swelling, purulent rash, urticaria or even chemical leucoderma, asthma or rhinitis.
Value propositions for improving the competitiveness of short food supply chains built on technological and non-technological innovations
Authors: Sebok Andras , Varsányi Kinga , Kujáni Katalin , Xhakolari Vilma , Fricz Ágnes Szegedyné , Castellini Alessanda , Di Gioa Diana , Gaggia Francesca , Cannavari Maurizio
Published: July 2022

There has been growing consumer demand for the products and services of the short food supply chains (SFSCs) in recent times. A procedure was developed to identify the technological and technological innovations that can improve the performance and competitiveness of the SFSCs. The needs of the SFSCs for innovative solutions were collected by interviewing 18 SFSCs from 9 countries. An inventory was prepared to contain 136 technological and non-technological innovations, meeting these needs. The innovations were collected from the good practices of the 18 SFSCs, experiences of the project partners and state of the art. The success factors and bottlenecks of each short food supply chain operation and their current value propositions were identified. From the inventory, those innovations were selected for each short food chain case study which can be applied to eliminate or reduce the bottlenecks or enhance the success factors leading to new, upgraded value propositions with increased added value for the consumers. The new, upgraded value propositions can serve as a starting point for developing a strategy for improving the competitiveness of a short food chain organisation through the application of innovations.
Sex Trafficking and the Proliferation of HIV in Africa
Authors: Perry Kate , Bell Sam R
Published: July 2022

What role does human trafficking play in the spread of infection, particularly HIV? There is a growing amount of research examining the connection between international security issues and HIV. This work has mostly focused on conflict dynamics and shows that political instability in
the form of international and domestic conflict leads to increases in the prevalence of HIV in Africa. Further, current literature on sex trafficking suggests that this practice may be directly connected to the spread of HIV. However, there is little exploration of this connection beyond case
studies of individual countries. In this paper, we address this research deficit by unpacking the link between sex trafficking and the spread of infection. We develop a theory and conduct an empirical test to assess whether there is any link between trafficking and HIV in a sample of 45 countries
in Africa from 2001 to 2016. We find that places that are destinations for sex trafficking have a higher prevalence of HIV. This research contributes to the literature on human security and epidemiology by revealing important implications for understanding the consequences of human trafficking
and the spread of HIV.
Spatial metabolomics shows contrasting phosphonolipid distributions in tissues of marine bivalves
Authors: Bourceau Patric , Michellod Dolma , Geier Benedikt , Liebeke Manuel
Published: July 2022

Lipids are an integral part of cellular membranes that allow cells to alter stiffness, permeability, and curvature. Among the diversity of lipids, phosphonolipids uniquely contain a phosphonate bond between carbon and phosphorous. Despite this distinctive biochemical characteristic, few studies have explored the biological role of phosphonolipids, although a protective function has been inferred based on chemical and biological stability. We analyzed two species of marine mollusks, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and determined the diversity of phosphonolipids and their distribution in different organs. High-resolution spatial metabolomics revealed that the lipidome varies significantly between tissues within one organ. Despite their chemical similarity, we observed a high heterogeneity of phosphonolipid distributions that originated from minor structural differences. Some phosphonolipids are ubiquitously distributed, while others are present almost exclusively in the layer of ciliated epithelial cells. This distinct localization of certain phosphonolipids in tissues exposed to the environment could support the hypothesis of a protective function in mollusks. This study highlights that the tissue specific distribution of an individual metabolite can be a valuable tool for inferring its function and guiding functional analyses.
Identification and characterization of auxin response factor (ARF) family members involved in fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit development
Authors: Wang Haomiao , Huang Hantang , Shang Yongkai , Song Miaoyu , Ma Huiqin
Published: July 2022

The auxin response factor (ARF) combines with AuxREs cis-acting elements in response to auxin to regulate plant development. To date, no comprehensive analysis of ARF genes expressed during fruit development has been conducted for common fig (Ficus carica L.). In this study, members of the FcARF gene family were screened, identified in the fig genome database and their features characterized using bioinformatics. Twenty FcARF genes were clustered into three classes, with almost similar highly conserved DBD (B3-like DNA binding domain), AUX/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene family) and MR domain structure among class members. Analysis of amino acid species in MR domain revealed 10 potential transcription activators and 10 transcription inhibitors, and 17 FcARF members were predicted to be located in the nucleus. DNA sequence analysis showed that the ARF gene family consisted of 4–25 exons, and the promoter region contained 16 cis-acting elements involved in stress response, hormone response and flavonoid biosynthesis. ARF genes were expressed in most tissues of fig, especially flower and peel. Transcriptomics analysis results showed that FcARF2, FcARF11 and FcARF12, belonging to class-Ia, were stably and highly expressed in the early development stage of flower and peel of ‘Purple peel’ fig. However, their expression levels decreased after maturity. Expression of class-Ic member FcARF3 conformed to the regularity of fig fruit development. These four potential transcription inhibitors may regulate fruit growth and development of ‘Purple Peel’ fig. This study provides comprehensive information on the fig ARF gene family, including gene structure, chromosome position, phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern. Our work provides a foundation for further research on auxin-mediated fig fruit development.
High Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Risk of Aortic Valve Stenosis Related Clinical Events: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masson Walter , Lobo Martin , Barbagelata Leandro , Bagnati Rodrigo , Oberti Pablo , Falconi Mariano , Krauss Juan , Parcerisa Florencia , Pizarro Rodolfo
Published: July 2022

Background: Several studies have evaluated the association between lipoprotein(a) plasma levels [Lp(a)] and the occurrence of aortic valve stenosis related events, with contradictory results. Objective: The main objective of this systematic review was to analyze the predictive capacity of elevated Lp(a) levels on major clinical events associated with aortic valve stenosis. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and STROBE recommendations. A search was carried out in order to identify studies with a cohort design evaluating the association between Lp(a) levels and the events of interest. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinical events related with aortic valve stenosis (aortic valve replacement, death or hospitalization). This review was registered in PROSPERO. Results: Seven observational studies with a total of 58 783 patients were eligible for analysis. Our findings showed that the presence of elevated Lp(a) levels was associated with an increased risk of events related with aortic valve stenosis in most of the studies evaluated (between 70% and approximately 3-fold higher risk), despite adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusion: This review suggests that elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with a higher incidence of aortic valve stenosis related clinical events. However, considering the limitations of this study, the clinical usefulness of Lp(a) as a prognostic marker in aortic valve disease should be confirmed in future investigations.
Study of Pulmonary Function Tests in Multitransfused Children with Thalassaemia: A Case-control Study
Authors: Swamy Bhagyalakshmi , Akhila NR , Nanjundaswamy HM
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Lung involvement is one of the known complications of thalassaemia. This study was undertaken to assess the predominant type of pulmonary dysfunction. Most studies show pulmonary function abnormalities but the results are conflicting. Aim: To study Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) in multitransfused children with thalassaemia and compare them with normal children. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted from May 2012 to June 2013 at MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, which included 35 children in the age group of 3-16 years with β-thalassaemia major and on regular transfusion as cases and 35 age and sex matched healthy children participated as controls. PFTs were done in 35 children with β-thalassaemia major, using Spirobank G and within three days of blood transfusion. Following parameters were recorded: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second to Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), and Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF25%-75). Student’s’ test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Percentage abnormalities of PFT in thalassaemia children were observed, 20 (57.14%) children had normal PFTs. Among the remaining children 9 (25.71%), 5 (14.29%) and 1 (2.86%) had restrictive, obstructive and mixed pattern of abnormalities respectively. Conclusion: Pulmonary function appeared to be affected in a majority of subjects with thalassaemia. Abnormal patterns of lung function were common in which restrictive type was predominant. No respiratory symptoms was found in any of these children. Studies are needed to establish the precise cause of pulmonary dysfunction.
Correlation of Pupil to Limbus Diameter Ratio with Blood Pressure and Heart Rate among Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Goothy Sai Sailesh Kumar , Chouhan Rohit Singh , Garg Namit , Choudhary Anita , Mahadik Vijay Khanderao
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Variation in blood pressure and heart rate is observed in patients with parkinson’s disease. Pupil to Limbus Diameter (PDL) ratio is one of the emerging autonomic functions. The studies measuring the autonomic functions of parkinson’s patients are sparse. Aim: To observe the correlation of the PLD ratio with blood pressure and pulse rate among parkinson’s disease patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted among 31 parkinson's disease patients attending Outpatient Ward of General Medicine Department at Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, from 1st March 2021 to 1st November 2021. Pupil to limbus diameter ratio was recorded using the two-box method. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Pearson’s correlation was used to observe the correlation. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.9±13.07 years. The mean PLD ratio of the left eye was 0.343±0.042. There was a significant positive correlation between the PLD ratio of the left and right eye with blood pressure in males. There was a positive correlation between pulse rate also with PLD ratio of the left and right eyes. However, it was not significant. Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation of the PLD ratio with blood pressure and pulse rate in males, but negative correlation was observed between the PLD ratio of the left eye with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in females. The study results support the need for further detailed studies in this area to investigate further details of this correlation observed.
Marketing Plan at PT Catur Manunggal Berjaya Facial Cleansing Tissue “Buddies” Product
Authors: Aripin Tatang , Handayani Ika Nurul , Pusaka Semerdanta , Syah Tantri Yanuar Rahmat , Sunaryanto Ketut
Published: July 2022

Aims: Researchers want to discover the marketing plan of PT Catur Manunggal Berjaya Facial Cleansing Tissue called “Buddies”.

Study Design: Applied qualitative research.

Place and Duration of Study: PT Catur Manunggal Berjaya.

Methodology: Data collection methods used are interviews, observation, and document analysis. Semi-structured interview of business owner, one (1) finance manager, one (1) sales manager, one (1) purchasing manager, one (1) production manager, and two (2) production employees. The media used in the interview process is in the form of written notes. Non-participant observations were also carried out to dig deeper into the data and observe closely the condition of the business entity. Observations were made on marketing activities (sales, purchasing, warehouse, production, payment, customer service, recording, controlling, and mobilizing HR performance). Document analysis was carried out by comparing the previous interview data and several other documents provided by the business entity (organizational structure, marketing photos, and regulations. So that the data is not biased, validity and reliability are carried out.

Results: The marketing plan of PT Catur Manunggal Berjaya facial cleansing tissue called “Buddies” contain (1) deciding marketing goal and target, (2) segmenting, targeting, and positioning, (3) determining marketing mix in which is 4P’s, (4) sales including activity team, and budget, and (5) revenue stream including drop size and revenue estimation.

Conclusion: The strategies make the product reach the target in which is concluded in Indonesian cosmetics market business.
Fermentation Microbials Isolated from Marine: A Review
Authors: Andhikawati Aulia , Permana Rega
Published: July 2022

Marine fish is one of the foodstuffs that containsk many compounds that are good for the human body. Marine fish contain omega-3 essential fatty acids as Docosahexanoic Acids (DHA) which are few other animal protein ingredients. This fish is rich in nutrients and minerals that can help prevent and maintain the body's immune system so that the body is fit. The benefits obtained include maintaining the cardiovascular system, efficient brain function, preventing damage to the thyroid gland and improving eye health. Fermentation is one way to process fishery products by utilizing the decomposition process of compounds from complex protein ingredients. To ferment food, microorganisms are needed that play a role in the decomposition of organic components in the material. Microorganisms commonly used are lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (BAA), bacilli or other bacteria, yeast, or filamentous fungi.
The Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Zooplankton Species of the Great Kwa River, Calabar, Nigeria: A Reassessment Approach
Authors: Ekpo Paul Bassey , Umoyen Anthony John , Akpan Nseobong Godwin , Ekpo Inyang Paul , Sunday Cecilia James , Abu Gabriel , Ekpenyong Blessing Bassey
Published: July 2022

Background: Human activities adversely affect the distribution and diversity of zooplankton. They are diverse group of organisms with little or no locomotive ability and quickly respond to changes in their environment. This research was aimed at providing updated information on the distribution and seasonal variation of zooplankton in Great Kwa River.

Materials and Methods: Two sampling stations (S1- Obufa Esuk and S2- Esuk Atu) were mapped along the river bank, samples were collected using plankton net of 55µm mesh size and preserved in 4% formalin. Species were identified using taxonomic keys. Data were analyzed using ecological indices.

Results: The results revealed 12 taxa; belonging to 38 species. Tintinnida, Protozoa, Cladocera, Copepoda were 23.1%, 18.5%, 15.4% and 13.3% respectively. The lowest taxonomic groups were Diptera, Foraminitera, Atenatadata and Trichoptera having 1.85% for each order. The highest species was recorded in S2 having 31 species. In both Stations Ascampbelliella acuta was dominance over other species. Shannon-Weiner index (H) were 2.997 and 2.40 in S2 and S1 respectively. The evenness index were 0.576 and 0.547 for S1 and S2 respectively. Margalef,s diversity index were 8.171 and 4.111 for Esuk Atu-S2 and Obufa Esuk-S1 respectively. Zooplankton species were abundant in wet season than dry season.

Conclusion: This present study provide updated information on the zooplankton distribution, diversity and seasonal variations of the Great Kwa River. The high dominance of Tintinnida in this study indicates a natural linkage between nano-planktons and macro-planktons in the food webs of the river.
Feasibility of Building a Biotech Industry
Authors: Buxadó José A. , Fernández Miladys Limonta , Nieto Gerardo E. Guillén , Ávila Marta Ayala
Published: July 2022

The performance of Cuban biotechnology from 2008 to 2021 has shown a growing pipeline of valuable biomedical solutions. As the transformation of this sector into an industrial group has changed its R&D productivity and bio manufacturing capacity, we summarize here the results of R&D projects with impact on public health, constraints found in Cuba, lessons, and opportunities to develop this science-based industry in developing countries.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-urea on Yield Attributes and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Arya G. R. , Manivannan V. , Marimuthu S. , Sritharan N.
Published: July 2022

To evaluate the effect of different doses of Nano-urea on yield attributes and yield of pearl millet a field experiment was conducted at Eastern Block Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the Summer of 2022. This field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment different doses of Nano-urea were applied along with the Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) as per the Crop Production Guide, 2020 of TNAU, Coimbatore. The study revealed that yield of pearl millet was significantly differed with treatments imposed. Among these treatments, application of 50% RDN as basal + 0.5% Nano-urea foliar spray @ panicle initiation and booting stage recorded a significantly higher number of productive tillers plant-1 (3.79), earhead length (26.82 cm), earhead girth (7.9 cm), number of grains earhead-1 (2,462), test weight (15.64 g), grain yield (3,314 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5,136 kg ha-1). Which was at par with treatment 50% RDN as basal + 25% RDN @ panicle initiation + 25% RDN @ booting stage (T10).
Effect of Sulphur and Boron on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice in Calcareous Soil of Bangladesh
Authors: Promi Razita Jalil , Rahman Ashikur , Rahman Md. Mostafezur , Khatun Ms. Ismeetara , Akram Soleh , Islam Md. Ashraful , Salma Umme
Published: July 2022

The experiment was constructed with Sulphur (S) and Boron (B) with three doses of each, i.e., S0: without Sulphur (control), S20: 20kg S/ha, S30: 30kg S/ha and B0: without Boron (control), B2: 2kg B/ha, B3: 3kg B/ha to study the effect on Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan-28). In case of Sulphur, the treatment S20 obtained the maximum plant height (97.811cm), maximum tillers hill-1 (26.184) at harvest, highest panicle length (24.98cm), maximum grains panicle-1 (167.37), maximum 1000-grain weight (27.57 g), maximum grain yield (5.46t/ha) and straw yield (5.71t/ha), maximum biological yield (11.17t/ha) and HI (48.88%). Whereas, maximum filled grains panicle-1 (147.37) and minimum unfilled grains panicle-1 (17.89) were found in S30. In case of Boron, the highest plant height (96.378 cm) was found in B3. Highest number of total tiller hill-1 (25.149), longest panicle (24.17 cm), highest number of total grains panicle-1 (165.78), filled grains panicle-1 (144.04) and minimum unfilled grains panicle-1 (21.74), maximum 1000-grain weight (25.24 g), highest grain, straw and biological yield (4.84, 5.43 and 10.27t/ha, respectively) and highest HI (47.13%) were found in B2.The treatment combination S20B2 performed the best response than other treatments. Plant height was highest (100.30 cm) in S20B3 treatment combination at harvest. However, the maximum tillers hill-1 (28.78) at harvest, highest panicle length (26.94 cm), maximum grains       panicle-1 (177.57), maximum filled grains  panicle-1 (150.27) and minimum unfilled grains panicle-1 (27.30), highest 1000-grain weight (29.75 g), highest grain, straw and biological yield (6.30, 5.91 and 12.21t/ha, respectively) and higher HI (51.60%) were found in S20B2 treatment combination.
A Comparative Study on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production by Growth Regulators & Cut Corms of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)
Authors: Shaji Angel Mariyam , Topno Samir Ebson , Prasad V. M.
Published: July 2022

The present investigation was carried out during cool season at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science Prayagraj (U.P.), India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications of 9 treatments. Treatments consisted of Full corm, ½, ⅓ corms (cut corms) and growth regulators GA3 @150ppm (full corm), 200ppm (½ corm, 250ppm (⅓ corm), 300ppm (full corm), 350ppm (½, corm), 400ppm (⅓ corm). Among the different treatments, T3 (GA3@ 150ppm full corm) gave the best performance in terms of good growth, flowering and corm production which includes Plant Height, Number of leaves, Days to spike emergence, Days to opening of the first floret, First florets durability (days), Rachis length(cm), Number of florets/ spike, Number of spike/plant, Spike yield/ha, Number of cormlets/planted corm, Corm yield/ha, No.of corms/plant, Weight of Corms/plot.