bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Falling film hydrodynamics and heat transfer under vapor shearing from various orientations
Authors: Zhao Chuang-Yao , Li Qiong-Tao , Zhang Fang-Fang , Qi Di , Yildizhan Hasan , Jiang Jun-Min
Published: May 2024

Vapor shearing is a common issue encountered in the operations of falling film heat exchangers. The vapor stream effect depends on its orientation. This study investigates liquid film hydrodynamics and heat transfer performance under the influence of vapor streams from different orientations. The results indicate that both orientation and velocity of vapor determine the encountering time and position of the films on the tube's two sides. The liquid film thickness uniformity and the liquid column deflection vary significantly depending on the orientation and velocity of the vapor. Zones of accelerated liquid film, climbing liquid film, liquid stagnation, and transition of liquid film flow pattern are observed. The gradient of film thickness along the tube axis and the deflection in time-averaged peripheral film thickness increase as the vapor orientation varies from 0° to 90° and subsequently decrease as the vapor orientation varies from 90° to 180°. Vapor streams have more pronounced effects on time-averaged peripheral film thickness in regions close to the liquid inlet and outlet. Vapor streams result in changes in peripheral heat transfer coefficients toward the downstream side depending on the orientation and velocity of the vapor. The impact of vapor streams on the overall heat transfer coefficient does not directly correlate with the velocity of the vapor when maintaining the same orientation.
Modulation of dielectric properties of hexagonal/cubic boron nitride composites
Authors: Xu Mingfei , He Ziyi , Biswas Abhijit , Luo Shisong , Li Tao , Chang Cheng , Li Chenxi , Gao Bin , Vajtai Robert , Dai Pengcheng , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Zhao Yuji
Published: May 2024

In this work, we synthesized mixed-phase hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN)/cubic-BN (c-BN) composites with varying ratios and investigated their frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties. As the ratio of c-BN increased, we observed a corresponding increase in the dielectric constant of the composites. Furthermore, we used spark-plasma sintering (SPS) to treat the mixed-phase composite, which resulted in a phase transformation from mixed phase to pure h-BN phase. Remarkably, the composite exhibited an increase in dielectric constant after the SPS process, which can be attributed to the densification of the composite and the enhancement in grain size. Our approach presents a promising strategy for effectively modulating the dielectric properties of BN, which is crucial for advanced electronics.
Spatial evolution of the double-wave-group focusing influenced by the co- and counter-propagating current
Authors: Ding Kanglixi , Zhou Binzhen , Xiao Yi , Wang Lei , Shi Huabin
Published: May 2024

Wave–current interaction has always been a challenging topic in fluid mechanics. The research on bimodal waves has received much more attention recently, but their evolutions influenced by underlying currents are not yet clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of co- and counter-propagating currents on spatial evolution using a fully nonlinear wave-current tank based on the high-order spectral method. The process of the wave focus is significantly shortened by the counter-propagating current, resulting in a sharper crest focus, followed by the trough focus. Concurrently, the decrease in the total envelope height and width is accelerated before wave focus and then the increase is decelerated, accompanied by a delay in the envelope profile transition from the backward-leaning to the forward-leaning. The co-propagating current exhibits the opposite phenomenon. The analysis of the spectral energy distribution aids in clarifying the variation of the envelope profile. The energy redistribution, characterized by a downshift of the frequency band, and a decreased energy distribution at the second peak, along with the slightly larger value of the root mean square frequency, indicates that the energy back-flow is obstructed by the counter-propagating current. These findings contribute to our understanding of the current effect on the focused double-wave-group, providing valuable insights for future research and applications in this field.
Advanced practice physiotherapists in primary health care: stakeholders’ views of a new scope of practice
Authors: Stotter Gill , McKinlay Eileen , Darlow Ben
Published: May 2024

Introduction Advanced and extended primary health care practice roles have been developed in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) for dietetics, nursing, pharmacy, and physiotherapy professions. Advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapy roles in primary health care could address escalating health care costs, challenges to workforce sustainability and inefficient primary/secondary care interfaces. Little is known about how stakeholders perceive the recently introduced Advanced Practice Physiotherapist (APP) scope of practice. Aim This study aimed to explore health professionals’ perceptions of the APP scope of practice in NZ and how APPs could influence physiotherapy service delivery for people with musculoskeletal conditions in primary health care. Methods Qualitative, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants including physiotherapists, general practitioners, medical specialists and Accident Compensation Corporation case managers. Inductive interpretive analysis was undertaken. Results Five themes were identified: perceptions of current musculoskeletal management in primary health care; lack of a career pathway; ways in which APPs might facilitate change and what their role would be; characteristics of an APP; and the implementation of the APP role into practice. Discussion Stakeholders were supportive of the APP scope of practice and thought it has the potential to improve patient pathways, health care delivery and health outcomes for those with musculoskeletal conditions. Stakeholders also thought it would fill an important gap in the physiotherapy clinical career pathway. Successful implementation will require assessment of applicants’ personal attributes as well as clinical experience and academic qualifications to ensure all stakeholders have confidence to engage with the service, clear communication, active promotion and specific funding.
Tumor–neutrophil cross talk orchestrates the tumor microenvironment to determine the bladder cancer progression
Authors: Jing Weiqiang , Wang Ganyu , Cui Zhiwei , Li Xinyuan , Zeng Shuyan , Jiang Xin , Li Wushan , Han Bo , Xing Nianzeng , Zhao Yunxue , Chen Shouzhen , Shi Benkang
Published: May 2024

The immune landscape of bladder cancer progression is not fully understood, and effective therapies are lacking in advanced bladder cancer. Here, we visualized that bladder cancer cells recruited neutrophils by secreting interleukin-8 (IL-8); in turn, neutrophils played dual functions in bladder cancer, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release and CCL3highPD-L1highsuper-immunosuppressive subset formation. Mechanistically, c-Fos was identified as the mediator of HGF up-regulating IL-8 transcription in bladder cancer cells, which was central to the positive feedback of neutrophil recruitment. Clinically, compared with serum IL-8, urine IL-8 was a better biomarker for bladder cancer prognosis and clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Additionally, targeting neutrophils or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) signaling combined with ICB inhibited bladder cancer progression and boosted the antitumor effect of CD8+T cells in mice. These findings reveal the mechanism by which tumor–neutrophil cross talk orchestrates the bladder cancer microenvironment and provide combination strategies, which may have broad impacts on patients suffering from malignancies enriched with neutrophils.
Border-making as illiberal politics
Authors: Scott James Wesley
Published: May 2024

Radical Right-wing populism frequently involves ‘divide and rule’ strategies as a means to attain and consolidate
political power. In the cases of Viktor Orban’s political regime in Hungary and Donald Trump’s four-year presidency (and its
aftermath), we find a pronounced attempt to create narrative hegemony of a sense of nation built upon Christian civilization and
foundationalist understandings of national identity. Moreover, both cases reveal processes of social border-making that are
reflected in norming and the creation of distinctions based on degrees of national authenticity. Applying an ontological security
and critical borders studies approach, this paper will specifically focus on the different ways in which border-making processes,
or bordering, are implicated in the exercise of illiberal political power in the Hungarian and US cases. Despite many
similarities, the actual mobilization of popular support reflects local conditions and has resulted in rather different political
outcomes.
Actomyosin-II protects axons from degeneration induced by mild mechanical stress
Authors: Pan Xiaorong , Hu Yiqing , Lei Gaowei , Wei Yaxuan , Li Jie , Luan Tongshu , Zhang Yunfan , Chu Yuanyuan , Feng Yu , Zhan Wenrong , Zhao Chunxia , Meunier Frédéric A. , Liu Yifan , Li Yi , Wang Tong
Published: May 2024

Whether, to what extent, and how the axons in the central nervous system (CNS) can withstand sudden mechanical impacts remain unclear. By using a microfluidic device to apply controlled transverse mechanical stress to axons, we determined the stress levels that most axons can withstand and explored their instant responses at nanoscale resolution. We found mild stress triggers a highly reversible, rapid axon beading response, driven by actomyosin-II–dependent dynamic diameter modulations. This mechanism contributes to hindering the long-range spread of stress-induced Ca2+ elevations into non-stressed neuronal regions. Through pharmacological and molecular manipulations in vitro, we found that actomyosin-II inactivation diminishes the reversible beading process, fostering progressive Ca2+ spreading and thereby increasing acute axonal degeneration in stressed axons. Conversely, upregulating actomyosin-II activity prevents the progression of initial injury, protecting stressed axons from acute degeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Our study unveils the periodic actomyosin-II in axon shafts cortex as a novel protective mechanism, shielding neurons from detrimental effects caused by mechanical stress.
The extended transmission of cold atmospheric plasma-induced anticancer effects between cells
Authors: Zhang Jishen , Wu Tong , Jing Xixi , Xu Shengduo , Wang Zifeng , Lin Jiao , Guo Li , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Hao , Xu Yujing , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe
Published: May 2024

The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer therapy has recently received extensive attention. However, researchers have mainly studied the effects of CAP on plasma-irradiated cancer cells and have not determined whether CAP affects surrounding or distant non-irradiated cancer cells. Here, the viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels of plasma-irradiated and non-irradiated cancer cells were monitored in vitro. Our results showed that CAP may induce plasma-irradiated cancer cells (A549 cells, A375 cells, J82 cells and HT29 cells) to secrete soluble factors into the cell culture medium, which can transmit plasma-induced anticancer effects from plasma-irradiated cancer cells to non-irradiated cancer cells. Our research confirmed that plasma-induced anticancer effects can be transmitted between cancer cells.
Trends in hot carrier distribution for disordered noble-transition metal alloys
Authors: Thareja Eklavya , McPeak Kevin M , Sprunger Phillip T , Vekhter Ilya , Shelton William A
Published: May 2024

We developed and tested an approach for predicting trends for efficient hot carrier generation among disordered metal alloys. We provide a simple argument for the importance of indirect transitions in the presence of disorder, thus justifying the use of joint density of states (JDOS)-like quantities for exploring these trends. We introduce a new JDOS-like quantity, JDOSK
, which heuristically accounts for longer lifetimes of quasiparticles close to the Fermi energy. To demonstrate the efficacy of this new quantity, we apply it to the study of Cu50X50 where X = Ag, Au, Pd and Y50Pd50 where Y = Au, Ni. We predict that Ni50Pd50 produces the most hot carriers among the alloys considered. The improvement in the density of excited photocarriers over the base alloy used, Cu50Ag50, is 3.4 times for 800 nm and 19 times for 1550 nm light. This boost in hot-carrier generation is consequence of the ferromagnetic nature of the Ni alloy. We argue that our method allows efficient material-specific predictions for low bias photoconductivity of alloys.
Feature selection and interpretability analysis of compound faults in rolling bearings based on the causal feature weighted network
Authors: Yu Chongchong , Li Mengxiong , Wu Zongning , Gao Kuo , Wang Fei
Published: May 2024

Feature selection is a crucial step in fault diagnosis. When rolling bearings are susceptible to compound faults, causal relationships are hidden within the signal features. Complex network analysis methods provide a tool for causal relationship modeling and feature importance assessment. Existing studies mainly focus on unweighted networks, overlooking the impact of the strength of causal relationships on feature selection. To address this issue, we propose a compound fault feature selection method based on the causal feature weighted network. First, we construct a weighted network using the incremental association Markov blanket discovery algorithm and Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, we quantify the importance of features by treating node strength as a centrality index and rank them to partition the feature subset. Finally, the optimal feature subset is obtained through a neural network with the accuracy of compound fault diagnosis as the threshold. Analysis of public datasets and comparative experiments demonstrate the advantages of our method. Compared to existing research, our method not only effectively reduces the number of optimal feature subsets to 11 but also improves the accuracy of compound fault diagnosis to 95.2%. Furthermore, we employ the SHapley Additive exPlanations to interpret the contribution of each feature in the optimal subset to the accuracy of compound fault diagnosis. This provides reference from both physical and network perspectives to feature selection and compound fault diagnosis in rolling bearings in practical working conditions.
Performance degradation assessment of rolling bearings based on the comprehensive characteristic index and improved SVDD
Authors: Du Yongzhi , Cao Yu , Wang Haochen , Li Guohua
Published: May 2024

Rolling bearing is one of the most critical parts of mechanical equipment, so the performance degradation assessment of rolling bearing is vital to ensure the normal operation of the whole mechanical equipment. Aiming at the problems that a single degradation characteristic can only contain limited performance degradation information of rolling bearings, a large number of redundant characteristics exist in the high-dimension characteristic set resulting in the inability to effectively mine the characteristic information of rolling bearings, and that traditional degradation assessment models are not suitable for the shortage of fault data during the actual operation of rolling bearings, a performance degradation assessment method of rolling bearings based on the comprehensive characteristic index and improved support vector data description (SVDD) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to solve the parameter selection problem of variational mode decomposition (VMD), a parameter-adaptive VMD method based on salp swarm algorithm based on mixed strategy (MSSSA) is proposed. Secondly, to extract the performance degradation information of rolling bearings more comprehensively and fully, the comprehensive characteristic index is proposed. Then, a kernel locality preserving projection orthogonal kernel principal component analysis (KLPPOKPCA) method is proposed to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted multi-domain characteristic set of the rolling bearing. Finally, a support vector data description with negative samples (NSSVDD) is proposed and optimized by MSSSA to solve the problem that traditional degradation assessment models are not suitable for the shortage of fault data during the actual operation of rolling bearings and improve the detection performance of abnormal data. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately divide the performance degradation process of the rolling bearing. Moreover, the comparison with other methods further highlights the superiority of the proposed method in determining the point in time of early fault of the rolling bearing.
Simulation study of compressed ultrafast 3D imaging based on interferometry
Authors: Long Jiale , Du Zihao , Zhang Jianmin , Xi Jiangtao , Ma Zhao , Peng Yuyang
Published: May 2024

Observing the 3D (three-dimensional) surface vibration in 100 MHz is challenging due to low speed of CCD/CMOS camera. In order to obtain the ultrafast dynamic 3D shape information, a compressed ultrafast 3D imaging framework based on interferometry is proposed in this paper. Based on this imaging framework, an reconstruction method combining plug and play-fast flexible denoising network is developed to recover high resolution interference fringe patterns and the corresponding 3D information. The simulation results show that the proposed method can observe the dynamic processes of the anti-phase vibration and the in-phase vibration of the crystal oscillator, therefore the dynamic 3D model is established. The proposed method outperforms other reconstruction methods in terms of average peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity in recovery the ultrafast dynamic 3D surface.
Simultaneous measurement of thickness and group refractive index in birefringent crystals
Authors: Yangmei Zhang , Qiukun Zhang
Published: May 2024

In order to measure the group refractive index and thickness of birefringent crystals simultaneously, a method based on spectral-domain interferometry is proposed. The optical path of each reflection layer of birefringent crystal is converted into spectral interference fringe of corresponding frequency by the principle of spectral-domain interferometry, and the accurate optical path calculation is realized by fast Fourier transform and Hanning-windowed energy centrobaric method. A two-step measurement method was designed to measure the crystal thickness and group refractive index of ordinary (

o

) and extraordinary (

e

) light synchronously by comparing the changes of the optical path before and after the insertion of the sample. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results of LiNbO3 crystals shows that the accuracy of the thickness measured by this system is better than 1 μm and the relative error of the group refractive index is better than 0.15%. The measurement method is simple to implement and has high precision, which is of practical significance for realizing the rapid and high-precision measurement of optical parameters of birefringent crystals.
Fault feature extraction method based on maximum envelope spectrum PFGI2 and empirical wavelet transform
Authors: Tian Yinchu , Tang Guiji , Liu Zichen , Tian Tian , Xiaolong Wang
Published: May 2024

Fast kurtogram (FK) is an efficient method for processing non-stationary signals, widely recognized by scholars as a rapid and effective approach for fault diagnosis. However, it has limitations in distinguishing between periodic pulse and random interference pulses due to the drawbacks in its frequency band segmentation methods and the inherent shortcomings of the kurtosis index itself. To address this, this paper proposes a fault feature extraction method based on the maximum envelope spectrum power function-based Gini indices (PFGI2) and empirical wavelet transform. This method, inspired by the concept of FK, constructs a series of band-pass filters following the principles of empirical wavelet decomposition. It applies envelope spectrum analysis to a series of sub-bands and calculates the PFGI2 value for each, to identify the optimal sub-band. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations of vibration signals and experimental data.
Asymptotic stability of rarefaction wave for compressible Euler system with velocity alignment
Authors: Bai Xiang , Li Lin-An , Xu Xiaojing
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the asymptotic stability of the rarefaction wave for the one-dimensional compressible Euler system with nonlocal velocity alignment. Namely, for the initial data approaching to rarefaction wave, we prove the corresponding solution converges toward the rarefaction wave. Moreover, we obtain this system has weak alignment behavior. We develop some promoted estimates for the smooth approximate rarefaction wave and new a priori estimates by Fourier analysis tools. Moreover, we introduce the weighted energy method and Besov spaces to obtain the key high-order derivative estimates, in which we overcome the difficulties caused by the nonlocal velocity alignment. It is worth mentioning that this is the first stability result of rarefaction wave for compressible Euler system with velocity alignment.
Deep learning based linear energy transfer calculation for proton therapy
Authors: Tang Xueyan , Wan Chan Tseung Hok , Moseley Douglas , Zverovitch Alexei , Hughes Cian O , George Jon , Johnson Jedediah E , Breen William G , Qian Jing
Published: May 2024

Objective. This study aims to address the limitations of traditional methods for calculating linear energy transfer (LET), a critical component in assessing relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Currently, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, the gold-standard for accuracy, is resource-intensive and slow for dose optimization, while the speedier analytical approximation has compromised accuracy. Our objective was to prototype a deep-learning-based model for calculating dose-averaged LET (LETd) using patient anatomy and dose-to-water (DW) data, facilitating real-time biological dose evaluation and LET optimization within proton treatment planning systems. Approach. 275 4-field prostate proton Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy plans were analyzed, rendering a total of 1100 fields. Those were randomly split into 880, 110, and 110 fields for training, validation, and testing. A 3D Cascaded UNet model, along with data processing and inference pipelines, was developed to generate patient-specific LETd distributions from CT images and DW. The accuracy of the LETd of the test dataset was evaluated against MC-generated ground truth through voxel-based mean absolute error (MAE) and gamma analysis. Main results. The proposed model accurately inferred LETd distributions for each proton field in the test dataset. A single-field LETd calculation took around 100 ms with trained models running on a NVidia A100 GPU. The selected model yielded an average MAE of 0.94 ± 0.14 MeV cm−1 and a gamma passing rate of 97.4% ± 1.3% when applied to the test dataset, with the largest discrepancy at the edge of fields where the dose gradient was the largest and counting statistics was the lowest. Significance. This study demonstrates that deep-learning-based models can efficiently calculate LETd with high accuracy as a fast-forward approach. The model shows great potential to be utilized for optimizing the RBE of proton treatment plans. Future efforts will focus on enhancing the model’s performance and evaluating its adaptability to different clinical scenarios.
Dividing active and passive particles in nonuniform nutrient environments
Authors: Welker Till , Stark Holger
Published: May 2024

To explore the coupling between a growing population of microorganisms such as E. coli and a nonuniform nutrient distribution, we formulate a minimalistic model. It consists of active Brownian particles that divide and grow at a nutrient-dependent rate following the Monod equation. The nutrient concentration obeys a diffusion equation with a consumption term and a point source. In this setting the heterogeneity in the nutrient distribution can be tuned by the diffusion coefficient. In particle-based simulations, we demonstrate that passive and weakly active particles form proliferation-induced clusters when the nutrient is localized, without relying on further mechanisms such as chemotaxis or adhesion. In contrast, strongly active particles disperse in the whole system during their lifetime and no clustering is present. The steady population is unaffected by activity or nonuniform nutrient distribution and only determined by the ratio of nutrient influx and bacterial death. However, the transient dynamics strongly depends on the nutrient distribution and activity. Passive particles in almost uniform nutrient profiles display a strong population overshoot, with clusters forming all over the system. In contrast, when slowly diffusing nutrients remain centred around the source, the bacterial population quickly approaches the steady state due to its strong coupling to the nutrient. Conversely, the population overshoot of highly active particles becomes stronger when the nutrient localisation increases. We successfully map the transient population dynamics onto a uniform model where the effect of the nonuniform nutrient and bacterial distributions are rationalized by two effective areas.
An efficient approach for solving a class of fractional anomalous diffusion equation with convergence
Authors: Rashidinia Jalil , Molavi-Arabshahi Mahboubeh , Yousefi Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

This article presents a study on Fractional Anomalous Diffusion (FAD) and proposes a novel numerical algorithm for solving Caputo’s type fractional sub-diffusion equations to convert the fractional model into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. These equations are efficiently solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The study provides the error analysis to validate the proposed method. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are demonstrated through several test problems, and its performance and reliability are compared with other existing methods in the literature. The results indicate that the proposed method is a reliable and efficient technique for solving fractional sub-diffusion equations, with better accuracy and computational efficiency than other existing methods. The study’s findings could provide a valuable tool for solving FAD in various applications, including physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.
Influence of the magnetic flux on the dynamics of a self-sustaining system: analytical, numerical and analogical investigations
Authors: Dang-Ra C , Chéagé Chamgoué A , Wouapi M K , Filatrella G , Yamapi R
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a ferroelectric enzyme-substrate reaction modeled by the birhythmic van der Pol oscillator coupled to the magnetic flux. We derive the equilibrium points and study their stability. We analyze some bifurcation structures and the variation of the Lyapunov exponents. The phenomena of symmetric attractors and the anti-monotonicity are observed. By increasing the magnetic flux, we find that the equilibrium points are stable, tends to control chaotic regimes, and affects regular and quasi-regular ones. As the magnetic flux increases, the amplitude of the oscillations around the equilibrium points decreases and the amplitude of the limit cycles at the Hopf bifurcation tends to disappear. Further increasing the magnetic flux gives rise to chaotic dynamics. The electrical circuit and analogical simulations are derived using the PSpice software. The agreement between analogical and numerical results is acceptable.
MIM waveguide based nano refractive index sensor for hemoglobin and glucose concentration detection in human body
Authors: Yan Shubin , Cao Yuhao , Su Yiru , Wang Chong , Chen Chen , Wu Taiquan , Ren Yifeng
Published: May 2024

In this study, a nanoscale refractive index sensor structure is proposed, which is realised using a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a grooved circular ring with double disk cavity (GRDD) structure coupled to each other. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze and investigate the effects of the variations of each structural parameter on the transmittance spectra and the comprehensive performance of the sensor. Based on the simulation results, the optimum sensitivity parameter of the sensor structure is 2800 nm R−1IU−1 with a figure of merit (FOM) value of 51.9 RIU−1. The sensor structure is capable of being used in biomedical field with sensitivities of

3.895
nm g
−

L

−
1

,

4.870
nm
/
g

L

−
1

,

and

4.955
nm
/
g

L

−
1

,

respectively, for detecting hemoglobin of blood types A, B, and O, and

4.48
nm
/
g

L

−
1

,

for detecting glucose concentration.
Reconstruction of elastic inclusions in layered medium
Authors: Tang Wanjing , Fang Xiaoping
Published: May 2024

We consider the recovery of small inclusions in a two-layered and an arbitrary multi-layered medium for the elastic equation, respectively. We use layer potential techniques and asymptotic analysis to obtain asymptotic expansions of the perturbed elastic field in a two-layered and an arbitrary multi-layered medium, respectively. Furthermore, we show the uniqueness of the recovery of the locations and Lamé constants of small inclusions through a single measurement.
Bandpass frequency selective surfaces with fast roll-off characteristics
Authors: Tong Jinye , Xu Zhixia , Li Jinji , Zhong Weiye , Shi Jun , Fang Shaojun
Published: May 2024

We propose a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) with fast cut-off characteristics and low insertion loss. It consists of a compact high-frequency hybrid compression board with five metal layers, two Rogers RO4003C layers, and two F4B layers. The hierarchical fitting of equivalent circuits is utilized to analyze the FSS, which maintains angular stability for dual-polarized electromagnetic waves at incidence angles of less than 20 degrees. Under normal incidence, transmission amplitudes in the K-band exceed −0.87 dB. Furthermore, the proposed FSS achieves a roll-off rate of 87.6 dB GHz−1, which can be applied in dual-frequency observing systems for millimeter astronomy.
Comment on ‘Deuterium supersaturated surface layer in tungsten: ion energy dependence’
Authors: Li Cong , Gao Liang , von Toussaint Udo , Linsmeier Christian
Published: May 2024

This comment examines a recent study claiming the observation of deuterium (D) supersaturated surface layer (SSL) in tungsten samples exposed to D plasma in the PISCES-A plasma device at ion energies as low as 45 eV/D (Nishijima et al 2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 126003). Applying SDTrimSP simulations and recalling the previous study on SSL formation, herein we want to emphasize that the proposed model in the mentioned paper relies on a number of strong assumptions and that many of the observations made can be more easily rationalized by the presence of impurities. The present comment will be conducive to avoid some possible misunderstanding on the SSL formation mechanism.
A full wave solver integrated with a Fokker–Planck code for optimizing ion heating with ICRF waves for the ITER deuterium–tritium plasma
Authors: Yin Lan , Peng Yaoyi , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Xinjun , Zheng Pingwei , Wang Zhengxiong , Gong Xueyu , Wang Feng , Tan Qingyi , Chen You , Ma Wankun , Wang Shuangshuang
Published: May 2024

Efficient ion heating is crucial for future fusion devices, and the only way to heat ions directly is ion cyclotron resonance heating. Reported here is a full wave solver integrated with a Fokker–Planck code for optimizing ion heating with ion cyclotron range of frequency waves for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor deuterium–tritium plasma. Both the direct absorption of minority ions and the power transfer to bulk ions via collisions are considered, while also accounting for the edge effects on ion absorption near the core. The simulation results show that the appropriate scrape-off layer density profile and parallel wave number lead to enhanced edge coupling and broaden the absorption region with moderate absorption intensity of the minority ions, which is very important for ion heating. More power from the heated ions is transferred to bulk ions than to electrons through collisions in our simulation via optimization, and reducing the total RF power results in a significant increase of the absorbed fraction of bulk ions.
RFX-mod2 as a flexible device for reversed-field-pinch and low-field tokamak research
Authors: Terranova D. , Agostini M. , Auriemma F. , Gobbin M. , Marchiori G. , Pigatto L. , Porcu P. , Predebon I. , Spizzo G. , Vianello N. , Zanca P. , Abate D. , Bolzonella T. , Bonfiglio D. , Bonotto M. , Cappello S. , Carraro L. , Cavazzana R. , Franz P. , Lorenzini R. , Marrelli L. , Milazzo R. , Peruzzo S. , Puiatti M.E. , Scarin P. , Spolaore M. , Tomasina E. , Valisa M. , Veranda M. , Zaniol B. , Zuin M.
Published: May 2024

The RFX-mod2 installation is planned to be completed by 2024 and the start of operations is expected in 2025. The high flexibility of the machine (already tested in the previous RFX-mod experiment) allows operation in Reversed Field Pinch and tokamak configuration as well as ultra-low q pulses. In this work we present predictive analysis on transport, performances and plasma control in RFX-mod2 in view of the first experimental campaigns.
First realization of LHW–plasma coupling feedback control for long-pulse operation in EAST
Authors: Ding B.J. , Yan G.H. , Yuan Q.P. , Li Y.C. , Wu C.B. , Wu J.H. , Cao B. , Yang J.H. , Li M.H. , Wang M. , Ma W.D. , Wu Z.G. , Sun W. , Liu L. , Zhao L.M. , Hu H.C. , Shan J.F. , Liu F.K. , Qian J.P. , Gong X.Z. ,   the EAST Team
Published: May 2024

To sustain good lower hybrid wave (LHW)–plasma coupling for long-pulse plasma operation, for the first time, coupling feedback control is designed and realized in EAST using a proportion integration differentiation method by choosing the reflection coefficient (RC) of LHW power as the reference for gas-puffing feedback, and including one pulse test and multi-pulse experiments. Experiments show that such feedback control can work correctly and maintains good LHW–plasma coupling effectively for a long time, suggesting the possibility of feedback control application on LHW–plasma coupling in long-pulse plasma. Furthermore, during the feedback control process of multi-pulse supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), the stored energy changes from 29 kJ to 58 kJ, and the energy confinement factor (H
89) increases from 0.98 to 1.45, implying a positive effect of coupling feedback on plasma performance. Experiments between SMBI puffing and the gas puffing system, fed by a piezoelectric valve near the antenna, are further investigated, showing that the response time of the RC with SMBI is faster than that by the piezoelectric valve. In addition, SMBI puffing on the electron-drift side of the LHW antenna is a little quicker than that on the ion-drift side. Studies suggest that such feedback control is effective for long-pulse LHW–plasma coupling, and the gas puffing by SMBI on the electron-drift side of the LHW antenna could offer an effective way to sustain good LHW coupling in steady-state operation in the future. Further optimization will be continued at a later date.
Cross-scale interaction between microturbulence and meso-scale reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes in DIII-D plasmas
Authors: Liu P. , Wei X. , Lin Z. , Heidbrink W.W , Brochard G. , Choi G.J. , Nicolau J.H. , Zhang W.
Published: May 2024

This paper reports global nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations that couple meso-scale reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) driven by energetic particles (EPs) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) microturbulence driven by thermal plasma, using equilibrium and profiles from DIII-D discharge #159243. In simulations focusing only on the ITG, electrostatic ITG drives a huge thermal ion heat transport, which is reduced by a factor of

10

to a level close to the experimental value in electromagnetic simulation due to finite

β

effect. In the simulations coupling the RSAE and ITG, ITG can scatter the resonant EP nonlinearly trapped by the RSAE and damp the zonal flows generated by the RSAE. The regulation of the RSAE by the ITG greatly reduces the initial saturation amplitude of the RSAE but increases the RSAE amplitude and associated EP transport to experimental levels in the quasi-steady state. The RSAE effects on the ITG, specifically the stronger zonal flows generated by the RSAE and the RSAE frequency modulation of the ITG-induced thermal ion heat transport, in turn, leads to a reduction of the thermal ion heat transport by more than a factor of

2

. For a stronger background ITG, the regulation of the RSAE by the ITG is stronger, while the RSAE effects on the ITG are weaker. This work highlights the importance of cross-scale coupling in the dynamics of the AE turbulence and EP transport.
Simulating The Impact of High-Speed Train Line System Development on Urban Growth by Using Cellular Automata: Study Case Japan
Authors: Noviansyah Alvin , Uno Nobuhiro
Published: May 2024

A major question in the urban planning areas is to understand how urban areas expand. The development of transportation infrastructure such as high-speed railway system is likely to have considerable impacts on the urban growth especially to those area that have access to it. Understanding how the de-elopement will impact the urban growth will be a huge advantage in formulating the spatial plan and to tackle the potential problem. This research attempt to understand how the urban areas expand and analyse the expansion and its relationship with the development of high-speed railway systems by using Artificial Neural-Network Cellular Automata (ANN-CA) approach, utilizing the Modules for Land Use Change (MOLUSCE) plugin in QGIS. This approach has resulted in assisting us to understand the urban expansion pattern and analyse the important component that link the expansion with the infrastructure: Accessibility. By implementing the CA approach, this research also demonstrate that the ANN-CA approach is a promising approach for researcher to understand and analyse the spatial areas in the way it is intended: in spatial manner.
Land Use Modeling Scenarios using Spatial Dynamic Model in Badung Regency
Authors: Arfah Siti , Putri Mega N. , Afifuddin  , Permata Zilda D.O. , Sencaki Dionysius B. , Sanjaya Hartanto , Prayogi Hari , Anatoly Nico , Sumargana Lena
Published: May 2024

Management of land use is necessary to maintain the balance between human needs and environmental aspects. Known as the highest-income region in Indonesia, Badung Regency has substantial demand for land utilization for tourism activities. The conversion of productive agricultural land to tourism areas would threaten the sustainability of natural ecosystems in Badung. This study aims to predict the future land use in Badung Regency in 2033 through two development scenarios, Bussiness As Usual (BAU) and Rapid Economic Growth (REG). The simulation was carried out using spatial dynamic models of cellular automata. Several satellite imageries, municipal data, field surveys, and influencing factors of land transition have been utilized as input for the model. The result indicates that the residential area dominated the development in the BAU scenario with the direction of residential development spreading to the south, and new tourism development portrayed in the north close to the agricultural area. While in the REG scenario, tourism land use had significant growth that does not only approach agricultural land but also protected forest areas in the north. The model accuracy showed moderate agreement according to the Kappa index both in BAU and REG scenarios. The finding of this study could support the decision maker to create a better policy considering the potential impact of land use growth direction.
Benefit distribution of the irrigation system: irrigation reservoir in Geyongan Village, Cirebon Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Novitasari Fika , Maryati Sri
Published: May 2024

This study aim to identify the impact of the development of the irrigation reservoir through the benefit distribution received by the community in Geyongan Village, Cirebon Regency. The stages of research include: identifying the research conceptual framework, data collection, qualitative analysis of benefit distribution referring to conceptual framework before and after irrigation reservoir construction. The role of irrigation infrastructure is very important in terms of ensuring the water provision during dry season. As one of the solutions to the drought problems related to water scarcity, the impact of irrigation reservoirs is essential to determine water sustainability. The previous research has been conducted generally shown that the impact of irrigation reservoir construction gives positive results to agricultural land. However, some research has not been considerate how the benefit distribution of irrigation condition before and after construction. The result shows that during dry and drought season, water availability for irrigation system before and after the reservoir construction is still limited which causes gap of water availability between lower and higher area of agriculture from the secondary irrigation system. Optimum condition occurs after the Geyongan irrigation reservoir constructed during normal rainy season. The results suggest that construction of reservoir irrigation infrastructure can be an alternative option to equalize water allocation in agriculture. Furthermore, it is also important to maintain the sustainability of water availability from water sources or upstream to prevent drought
Water sensitive urban design approach for flood prone area (Study case: Kauman Riverfront Area, Semarang)
Authors: Saffana K , Putra B D , Rani M S
Published: May 2024

Kauman Semarang Riverfront Area is the center of the trade and services area in Semarang, especially for traditional trade. This area is located between three ethnic villages and is adjacent to Kali Semarang, a river that has an important meaning and historical value for the city’s development. Kauman Area is located in Central Semarang District, Semarang City, and is within a 1 km radius of the Semarang Old Town, a tourist attraction in the cultural heritage field, which is known as the priority of socio-cultural development on the city and province scale. However, with this type of potential, Kauman Riverfront Area has a medium-high flooding threat. In 2021, the number of flood incidents was the highest within five years (88 incidents). This study aims to examine the WSUD approach for the study area that focuses on the urban water system to decrease flooding risk and its correlation with urban design elements. The chosen method for this research is a fragmental method that consists of four steps, which begin with collecting data until producing the WSUD component approach, which is likely to be implied. The results show that the WSUD components and water system for Kauman Riverfront Area to increase the stormwater infiltration and storage.
Smart rest area development to support tourist trip in limited access transport area. Study in the Dieng area, Central Java
Authors: Purboyo Hidayat Putro Heru , Sekar Kumalasari Ayu , Dirgahayani Puspita
Published: May 2024

The concept of cluster development has characteristics that are identical to tourism activities. Based on the Master Plan for the KSPN Dieng and its Surroundings, the Dieng Plateau is developed with several development strategies, namely the development and strengthening of local potential-based tourist attractions in a sustainable manner, increasing regional carrying capacity and the participation of local communities to support tourism, as well as developing cross-sectoral and regional policies. Accessibility in the Dieng area and its surroundings is supported by road and the availability of public transport. However, accessibility to the Dieng area, which is in an enclaved area, still faces limitations and causes the time and distance to be quite long. Proposal are taken to develop a rest area with many functions. As in Japan, the concept of “michinoeki” or roadside station was developed to provide comfortable facilities for tourists while resting on their way to main attractions or even making “michinoeki” one of the tourist destinations.
WSUD Techniques for Urban Development with Focus on Saltwater Intrusion Problem, A Case Study of Kedonganan Village - Bali
Authors: Pradnyaningrum P S , Putra B D , Rani M S
Published: May 2024

Water is one of the most important resources in human’s life, and groundwater known as the largest freshwater source in the world. Along the development of the cities and population growth, the demand for water supply is also increasing. With the increasing of the freshwater needs, groundwater is also widely used for human’s daily activities. However, the irresponsible use and exploration of groundwater also certainly generate many problems, one of those is saltwater intrusion. Many coastal areas in Indonesia are starting to face saltwater intrusion problem which cause groundwater is no longer be used properly by the community. Therefore, the problem of saltwater intrusion needs to be addressed. This research aims to see the WSUD techniques which can be applied to prevent saltwater intrusion in coastal areas with Kedonganan Village as a case study. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative method. For the result of this research, those are some WSUD techniques which can be applied in urban development to prevent saltwater intrusion occurs: rainwater tank, downpipe diverters, biofilters, infiltration basins & trenches, soakwells, swales & buffer strips, and pervious paving which have focus on accelerate infiltration into the aquifer.
Effect of pre-strain on microstructure evolution and fracture behavior of undermatching X80 pipeline steel girth weld
Authors: Dai Lianshuang , Jia Haidong , Yang Fulai , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Zheng , Feng Qingshan , Que Yongbin , Wu Yi
Published: May 2024

This work aims to study the effect of pre-strain on the fracture behavior of X80 pipeline girth weld joint, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the girth weld before and after pre-strain treatment. The mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, and digital image correlation (DIC) strain analysis. Furthermore, the microstructure and fracture morphology of the girth weld were observed using optical electron microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the application of pre-strain treatment leads to dislocation accumulation at the grain boundary of X80 pipeline girth weld, resulting in stress concentration and subsequent formation of damage holes. This process disrupts the continuity of chain M-A island and initiates small cracks at the grain boundary, ultimately causing a significant decrease in impact toughness and impact work from 177 J to about 10 J.