bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The singularity of indeterminates: Number specification without classifiers
Authors: Hiraiwa Ken
Published: March 2019

Japanese does not have number morphology or agreement. Thus, a bare noun like inu ‘dog’ can refer to a single dog or more than one dog, depending on contexts. This fact has raised much controversy about whether grammatical number exists in Japanese and has led some researchers to regard Japanese as a language lacking number specification in bare nouns (Chierchia 1998; Martin 1975; Nakanishi & Tomioka 2004; Nomoto 2013) and abstract number/phi agreement (Fukui 1986, 1995, Kuroda 1988; Fukui and Sakai 2003, Saito 2007, 2017, among others). Recently, however, Watanabe (2017) has provided strong evidence against such views, based on partitive interpretations of bare nouns. In this paper, I uncover yet another novel piece of evidence for grammatical number specification in Japanese from indeterminates. Surprisingly, they are obligatorily specified for singular despite the lack of number morphology or classifier.
Root and semi-phrasal compounds: A syntactic approach
Authors: Ntelitheos Dimitrios , Pertsova Katya
Published: March 2019

We present a syntactic account of the derivation of two types of attributivenominal compounds in Spanish, Russian and Greek. These include right-headed “root” compounds, which exhibit more “word”-like properties and single stress domains, and left-headed “semi-phrasal” compounds with more phrasal properties and independent stress domains for the two compound members. We propose that both compound structures are formed on a small clause predicate phrase, with their different properties derived from the merger of the predicate member of the small clause as a root or as a larger nominal unit with additional functional projections. The proposed structures provide an explanation of observed lexical integrity effects, as well as specific predictions of patterns of compound formation crosslinguistically.
Transcriptivism: An ethical framework for modern linguistics
Authors: Kibbey Tyler
Published: March 2019

Descriptivism is a methodologically efficacious framework in the discipline of linguistics. However, it categorically fails to explicitly account for the moral responsibilities of linguists, as moral agents. In so doing, descriptivism has been used as a justification for indifference to instances and systems of linguistic violence, among other moral shortcomings. Specifically, many guidelines for descriptive ethics stipulate that a linguist “do no harm” but do not necessarily require the linguist to prevent harm or mitigate systems of violence. In this paper, I delineate an ethical framework, transcriptivism, which is distinct from research ethics and covers the line of philosophical inquiry related to questions of the moral agency of linguists and their moral responsibility. The potential for this new framework is demonstrated through a case study of conflicting Tennessee language ideologies regarding gender-neutral pronoun usage as well as an analysis of misgendering as an act of linguistic violence.
Subsegments and the emergence of segments
Authors: Shih Stephanie S. , Inkelas Sharon
Published: March 2019

Q Theory proposes that the most granular and basic temporal unit of abstract phonological representation is not the segment, as widely assumed in classic generative phonology, but the quantized subsegment. With a more granular quantization of the speech stream, Q Theory provides phonological grammar with the representational capability to model behaviors that affect both the parts and the wholes of segments. In Q Theory, segments are emergent from strings of subsegments and from subsegmental interactions based on the principles of similarity, proximity, and co-occurrence that already underlie phonological operations. Evidence is presented from linguistic typology, and mechanics are drawn from speech segmentation and recognition. Q Theory makes it possible to develop an advanced theory of complex segments.
Optional wh-movement is discourse-connected movement in Eastern Cham
Authors: Baclawski Kenneth
Published: March 2019

Eastern Cham (Austronesian: Vietnam) exhibits apparent optional wh-movement, which shares properties with apparent topicalization. This paper demonstrates that it is not true wh-movement, but discourse connected-, or DC-movement. DC requires a phrase to have an antecedent in a prior sentence and for the antecedent's sentence and the anaphor's sentence to be in a particular discourse structural configuration. Data from complex DP's, specifically partitives, inventory forms, and close appositives demonstrate that DC is a property of referential indices that bind DP's. The incompatibility of wh-phrases and topicality is then explained as the inability of wh-phrases to supply referential indices on their own.
English adaptation in Mandarin A-not-A constructions
Authors: Liu Minqi
Published: March 2019

A-not-A refers to a Mandarin reduplication construction where the underlying form /RED-pu-A/ contains a reduplication of the first syllable in A. In this study I investigate the kinds of adaptations that occur when an English word serves as the base A in code-switching speech. Since the complex onsets and most codas allowed in English are illegal in Mandarin syllables, the reduplicated part is expected to adapt to Mandarin phonotactics to some degree. I ran a production experiment where 20 native Mandarin-speakers were asked to produce A-not-A constructions with 55 mono- and multi-syllabic English words. Results from the experiment showed varied adaptation methods in syllable structure and tones. To model the results, I used the Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar (MaxEnt) with weighted constraints on syllable structure markedness and base-reduplicant faithfulness.
MODELLING OF CRYOGENIC STRUCTURE UNDER SEISMIC LOADING/KRIOGENINIO ĮRENGINIO, VEIKIAMO SEISMINĖS APKROVOS, MODELIAVIMAS
Authors: Kačianauskas R. , Kutas R.
Published: March 2019

Nagrinėjamas kriogeninio įrenginio seisminės analizės uždavinys baigtinių elementų metodu. Kriogeninį įrenginį sudaro erdvinis rėmas su lakštinio plieno apvalkalu.

Pateikiami du seisminio modeliavimo uždaviniai. Pirmajame uždavinyje pateikiamas toks seisminės analizės maternatinis modelis, kuris įvertina seisminį procesą laike. Tokio proceso pavyzdžiu paimtas žemės drebėjimas, įvykęs Mechike 1985 metais. Šiame modelyje įtempimai gaunami integruojant pateiktą literatūroje Mechiko žemės drebėjimo pagreičių diagramą. Integravimas atliekamas dviem skirtingiems laiko žingsniams. Antruoju atveju seisminė apkrova modeliuojama, remiantis buvusios SSSR statybos ir atominės energetikos projektavimo normomis ir taisyklėmis. Analizuojama taip pat skirtingų rėmo elementų ir apvalkalo modelių įtaka seisminiam atsparumui.

Pateikiami išsamūs skaičiavimo rezultatai. Skaičiavimai atlikti baigtinių elementų programų paketais, sukurtais VTU konstrukcijų skaitinio modeliavimo ir tyrimo laboratorijoje.

Palyginamieji modelių parametrai yra pavojingiausių kolonos ir rygelio maksimalūs įtempimai. Gauti rezultatai parodo, kad pagal atominės energetikos projektavimo normas apskaičiuoti įtempimai praktiškai apgaubia seisminio proceso sukeltus įtempimus, o pagal civilinės statybos normas gauti įtempimai pasiekia tik vidutines jų reikšmes.
A NON-LINEAR THIRD-ORDER TRIANGULAR LAMINATED PLATE ELEMENT FOR ANALYSIS OF CRACKED RC SLABS AND BEAMS/TREČIOS EILĖS TRIKAMPIO SLUOKSNIUOTO ELEMENTO PANAUDOJIMAS SUPLEIŠĖJUSIŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ PLOKŠČIŲ IR SIJŲ ANALIZEI
Authors: Belevičius R. , Kaklauskas G. , Marčiukaitis G.
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje pateiktas universalus sluoksniuotos plokštės netiesinės medžiagos baigtinių elementų modelis, pritaikytas supleišėjusios gelžbetoninės plokštės skaičiavimui. Pasirinktas sudėtingas analitiškai suformuotas trečios eilės trikampis sluoksniuotas Reisnerio-Mindlino plokštės elementas, turintis 50 laisvės laipsnių. Programa įvertina atskirų plokštės sluoksnių netiesines deformacijas, supleišėjimą. Betono fizikiniame modelyje įvertinta tempiamo ir gniuždomo betono įtempimų-deformacijų diagramos žemyn krentanti dalis. Skaičiavimo modelis ir programa patikrinti, atlikus turimų ir teorinių rezultatų palyginimą. Straipsnyje pateiktų gelžbetoninės sijos ir plokštės paskaičiuoti įlinkiai gerai atitiko eksperimentinius.
BUILDING ENTERPRISE SURROUDING AND ITS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION/STATYBOS ĮMONĖS APLINKA IR JOS KIEKYBINIS ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Ginevičius R.
Published: March 2019

The situation of any enterprise depends on several various factors. From the wholeness the organization theory defines and analyses only the essential ones. One of them is the surrounding, which can be described by three dimensions which reflect its completeness, dynamics and the dependence of the organization on it.

The first one evaluates the exterior factors, which are necessary to be reconsidered while taking decisions, the number; the differences between these factors, and also their distribution among seperate surrounding regulations.

The second one evaluates the organizational important surrounding factors' frequency of changes, intensity and regularity.

The third is—the number of partners providing the production supply and also their degree of interrelation.

Evaluating all these dimensions quantitively, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific of building production.
MIXED AND COMPATIBLE FINITE ELEMENTS IN THE ANALYSIS PROBLEM OF ELASTOPLASTIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Kalanta S.
Published: March 2019

A problem of ideal elastoplastic structures stress-strain field determination is considered The dual general and discrete mathematical models of analysis problem are made on the basis of the extremal energy principles and finite element method. In these models the possible discontinuity of displacements and the dissipation of energy in the place of those discontinuities, also the different external effects (load, initial strains and support settlements) are estimated.

At first, on the basis of the mixed functional and mixed finite elements the discrete expressions of fundamental relationships (geometric equations, yield conditions) and the discrete mathematical model of mixed formulation of the problem are made. This mathematical model corresponds to the minimum total energy principle for a kinematically admissible displacements. The dual static formulation of the problem is obtained by Lagrange's multipliers method; this corresponds to the minimum complementary energy principle. The kinematic formulation of the problem is obtained in the case of linear yield conditions. These mathematical models permit to determine the lower values of the stress and displacements of structures. It has shown that the approximation of geometric equations and yield conditions by Bubnov-Galiorkin's collocation method gives the more accurate results.
SOUND ABSORPTION CALCULATION IMPEDANCE METHOD FOR RESONATOR CEILING/IMPEDANSINIS REZONANSINIŲ KABAMŲJŲ LUBŲ GARSO ABSORBCIJOS SKAIČIAYTMO METODAS
Authors: Stauskis V.
Published: March 2019

The theoretical model of the suspended ceiling interspaced between the plane surfaces along and across the hall is analysed. The impedance method is used.

A computer program has been developed to calculate, using the obtained formula, the sound absorption factors of the suspended interairspaced ceiling for the reading hall, the total absorption of this hall and the time of reverberation with varying width of the airspaces and their distance from the stiff plane surface. The obtained calculation results show the significant increase of the total hall absorption for the falling down wavre frequency. For a suitably selected width, number and distance from the stiff plane surface of the airspaces, it is possible to get the same acoustic absorption effect as for the special sound absorbing structures.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CRITERIA OF MULTIPURPOSE SELECTION AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIABILITY/ZUSAMMENHANG ZWISCHEN DER MEHRZWECKSELEKTIERUNG UND DER ZUVERLÄSSIGKEIT IM BAUWESEN
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas K.
Published: March 2019

The rationality of functioning of either the technical or the organizing-technological system is characterized by the criteria of multipurpose selection that express the usefulness of the variants under consideration. When evaluating the usefulness of a variant, it is necessary to take into consideration its reliability. Therefore, the given method investigates into the relationship between the criteria of multipurpose selection and the characteristics of reliability.
ANALYSIS OF HEATING MAINTENANCE PARAMETERS USING THE MATRIX METHOD/ŠILDYMO PARAMETRŲ ANALIZĖ, NAUDOJANTI MATRICŲ METODĄ
Authors: Koczyk Halina
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip taikyti matricų melodą šilumos perdavimo modeliui sukurti tokiems šildomiems namams, kurie susideda iš skirtingos paskirties ir naudojimo patalpų. Pasiūlytas būdas, kaip skaičiuoti šildymo parametrus. Jis reikalingas norint taupiai eksploatuoti šildymo sistemą ir iš anksto paskaičiuoti išlaidas. Pateikiami pavyzdiniai šildymo reikalavimų rezultatai klimatinėms Poznanės sąjygoms (pagal lyginamąjį šildymo sezoną).
DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE OF UNCOVERED STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS USING NUMERICAL METHODS/DENGINIO METALINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ TEMPERATŪROS NUSTATYMAS SKAITMENINIU METODU
Authors: Bednarek Zoja
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje pateikiamas denginio metalinų konstrukcijų (santvarų, sijq ir kt.) temperatūros nustatymo skaitmeninis metodas, kai gaisro režimas standartinis. Pagai analizuojamas teorines paklaidas ir lygtis yra sudarytas algoritmas. Pasiūlymams realizuoti naudojama T-kon programa; ji lengvai taikoma praktiniams uždaviniams spręsti. Naudojantis siūlomu metodu, greitai ir nesunkiai gali būti apskaičiuojami temperatūros pokyčiai metalinėse konstrukcijose gaisro metu.
EFEKTYVIŲ PROJEKTŲ KŪRIMO DEMONSTRACINĖ SISTEMA/DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT PROJECTS
Authors: Ambrasas Gintautas , Kaklauskas Artūras , Zavadskas Edmundas K.
Published: March 2019

The paper describes the Demonstration System suggested by the authors. This Demonstration System enables efficient performance of alternative life-time process planning, multicriteria assessment, utility degree determination and selection of the most efficient versions of various projects and their constituent parts:

Determination of rational design solutions for walls, windows, roof structures, basement floor, heating system.

Selection of rational constituent parts of a project (selection of construction site and location, multipurpose complex assessment of buildings, determination of rational types of contracts).

Selection of efficient interested parties (contractors, suppliers, neighbours).

Alternative designing of life-time process of a project (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings), its multicriteria assessment, determination of utility degree and selection of the most efficient version:

Determination of efficient investment projects.

Preparation of recommendations on efficiency increase of projects.

Alternative roof-to-basement designing of a building (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings) and its multicriteria analysis.

This Demonstration System enables to perform alternative designing of projects and their constituent parts, multicriteria analysis, determination of utility degree and priority and preparation of recommendations on further improvement of projects. The Demonstration System is composed of two main parts: knowledge and decisionmaking subsystem. The knowledge base contains information (system and subsystems of criteria, values and significance of criteria, etc.) fully characterizing life-time processes of various projects (investments, buildings and so forth) and their constituent parts. For instance, knowledge base of life-time process of constituent parts of a building consists of information on alternative construction sites, buildings, designers, contractors, suppliers and so on. A construction site can be described by the following system of criteria: cost, assessment of existing services (water supply, sewerage, gas, electric power supply), air contamination level, living expenses, shopping possibilities, assessment of possibilities for recreation, sports and medical care, possibility to find a job, development outlooks of the district, transport conveniences, etc. The composed knowledge base is processed in various sections by decision-making subsystem. The multicriteria analysis of received results is performed by decision-making subsystem two. The Demonstration System is used by Bachelors, Engineers and Masters while working on their term and final projects. The paper gives a more detailed analysis of the proposed System. There is presented one of works performed by means of the Demonstration System.
SEMI-ANALYTICAL FINITE ELEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO MODELLING OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS/PUSIAUANALIZINIAI BAIGTINIAI ELEMENTAI IR JŲ NAUDOJIMAS CILINDRINIAMS KEVALAMS MODELIUOTI
Authors: Kačianauskas Rimantas
Published: March 2019

Pateikiamas pusiauanalizinis baigtinių elementų metodas (PABEM), skirtas netradiciškoms kevalų lygtims išvesti. Metodas numato dviejų nepriklausomų trimačių kintamųjų—poslinkių ir įtempimų laukų aproksimaciją storio kiyptimi. Siūlomas metodas yra formalus instrumentas, skirtas pusiaudiskretiniams būvio kintamiesiems konstruoti bei mišriems algebriniams—diferencialiniams lygčių operatoriams sudaryti nepriklausomai nuo kevalo geometrijos bei aproksimavimo laipsnio. Pateikiama technika iliustruojama cilindrinio kevalo pavyzdžiu.

Išvestos alternatyvios tiesinės kevalų teorijos statikos, geometrinių ir lygčių bendrosios išraiškos. Cilindrinio kevalo lygtys pateikiamos kaip atskiras atvejis, gautas įrašius į bendrąsias išraiškas konkretų metrinų tenzorių.
LOCKING CONDITIONS FOR FINITE ELEMENT MODELS/STANDĖJIMO SĄLYGOS BAIGTINIŲ ELEMENTŲ MODELIAMS
Authors: Kalanta Stanislovas , Fliotovienė Rasa
Published: March 2019

Sprendžiant standėjančio kū;no įtempimų-deformacijų analizės ar optimizacijos uždavinius, standėjimo sąlygos paprastai tikrinamos tik baigtinių elementų mazguose, t.y. sudaromos taškinės standėjimo sąlygos. Tačiau plastiškumo teorijoje naudojami ir kiti takumo sąlygų analogai, diskretizacijos metodai. Šiame straipsnyje standėjimo sąlygų diskretizacijos problema sprendžiama panaudojant klasikinius matematikoje žinomus kolokacijų metodus. Taškinės kolokacijos, kolokacijų srityje ir Bubnovo-Galiorkino metodais sudarytos trys bendros diskretinių standėjimo sąlygų formos—taškinės, integralinės elementinės ir integralinės taškinės standėjimo sąlygos. Bendru atveju užduodant poslinkių, standėjimo konstantų ir daugiklių aproksimavimo funkcijas, jos išreiškiamos per baigtinio elemento mazgų poslinkius, standėjimo konstantas ir daugiklius. Kūno deformacijų būvį tiksliausiai aprašo integralinės taškinės standėjimo sąlygos, tačiau paprasčiausia yra taškinės standėjimo sąlygos išraiška. Aprašytoji standėjimo sąlygų diskretizacija iliustruojama plokštės pirmos ir antros eilės trikampio elemento su tiesiniu ir parabolinių poslinkių pasiskirstymu diskretinių standėjimo sąlygų sudarymu. Parodyta, kad pirmos eilės elemento visos trys diskretinių standėjimo sąlygų išraiškos sutampa iki pastovaus daugiklio.
DUAL RELATIONS OF LINEAR THIN GENERAL SHELL THEORY/DUALIOS PRIKLAUSOMYBĖS TIESINĖJE PLONŲ APIBENDRINTOS FORMOS KEVALŲ TEORIJOJE
Authors: Karkauskas Romanas
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje naudojant Kirchofo-Liavo hipotezę išvestos plono apibendrintos formos kevalo elemento dualios priklausomybės. Jas sudaro diferencialinės pusiausvyros ir geometrinės lygtys kreivalinijinėje koordinačių sistemoje. Pateiktos priklausomybių kvadratinės formos koeficientų reikšmės įvairiose koordinačių sistemose, kurios gali būti taikomos konkrečios formos kevalams skaičiuoti.
Internal factors supporting business and technological transformation in the context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Kohnová Lucia , Papula Ján , Salajová Nikola
Published: March 2019

Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized European countries. In particular, due to the new technologies that are characteristic of Industry 4.0, it will be essential for companies to make the necessary changes and achieve competitiveness through the implementation of these technologies. In order for companies to be able to make radical changes and innovations, they need to secure all the supporting areas in their organization. This research paper is focused on comparison of companies from Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany and Switzerland in the context of readiness for Industry 4.0. This research was part of a research project, while data were collected in the period of 2015–2016. We have analysed companies from selected countries based on 7 areas which are closely interconnected with the business transformation and technology transformation coming from Industry 4.0. The main analysed questions focused on areas such as employee education and training, organizational culture, strategy, or organizational processes, that will be most affected by radical changes in the environment. Research has highlighted the differences between countries as a result of long-standing cultural differences, but at the same time identified the unified influence of the ongoing global debate on the need for technological innovation. With Slovak and Czech companies being below stronger innovators in the maturity of education systems, we strongly advise considering partnering in education which can bring valuable information to businesses that want to take on the wave of innovation.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RIVER VALLEY REVITALISATION
Authors: Nawieśniak-Caesar Maria , Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk Magdalena , Hernik Józef , Gorzelany Julia , Gorzelany-Dziadkowiec Magdalena
Published: March 2019

Rivers have always been a unique space in urban landscapes. Regrettably, the river-town relationship was disturbed in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century as industrial plants and districts were established at banks, which changed the urban structure. This resulted in degradation of riverscapes among other things. Today, attempts are made to revitalise the areas and use them for ecological, recreational, and other purposes. The paper presents an integrated approach to river valley revitalisation – demonstrated on the Skawinka river, flowing through Skawina, an industrial town in Poland. An integrated approach could indicate local development possibilities of river valley and thereby strengthen the competitiveness of the area. The study employed the Landscape and Hydromorphological Assessment of River Valleys Method, focusing on hydromorphological, landscape, and integrated factors. Proposing an integrated approach to the Skawinka river valley revitalisation presents a procedure that indicates possibilities for local development and thereby strengthening the competitiveness of this region. The guidelines for the revitalisation project for this river indicate that if the river was made generally accessible, it may become an important location for social and economic life. At the same time it might have a recreational and educational function.
REMOVAL OF IRON AND ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM GROUNDWATER IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM
Authors: Krupińska Izabela
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the effectiveness of alkalinisation with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in the treatment of groundwater from Quaternary formations with an increased content of total iron (up to 6.82 mgFe/dm3) and organic substances (TOC up to 5.60 mgC/dm3). The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the groundwater treatment, in particular, the removal of iron and organic substances in the sorption process and co-precipitation with calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The correction of the reaction was carried out with aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in the pH range from 8.5 to 10.5. As the pH of the water increased, the efficiency of its treatment increased. The treatment results depended on the type of alkalizing reagent, especially in the case of removal of organic substances, reduction of colour and organic substances fixed in iron-organic complexes. Higher suitability of calcium hydroxide than sodium hydroxide in alkalinisation has been demonstrated. Calcium ions introduced into the treated water together with calcium hydroxide probably neutralized organic anions fixed in iron-organic complexes and determining colour and TOC, increasing their susceptibility to adsorption.
Constraining Dark Energy with Stacked Concave Lenses
Authors: Dong Fuyu , Zhang Jun , Yu Yu , Yang Xiaohu , Li HeKun , Han Jiaxin , Luo Wentao , Zhang Jiajun , Fu Liping
Published: March 2019

Low-density regions are less affected by the nonlinear structure formation and baryonic physics. They are ideal places for probing the nature of dark energy, a possible explanation for the cosmic acceleration. Unlike void lensing, which requires identifications of individual voids, we study the stacked lensing signals around the low-density positions (LDPs), defined as places that are devoid of foreground bright galaxies in projection. The method allows a direct comparison with numerical results by drawing correspondence between the bright galaxies with halos. It leads to lensing signals that are significant enough for differentiating several dark energy models. In this work, we use the CFHTLenS catalog to define LDPs, as well as measuring their background lensing signals. We consider several different definitions of the foreground bright galaxies (redshift range and magnitude cut). Regarding the cosmological model, we run six simulations: the first set of simulations have the same initial conditions, with w
de = −1, −0.5, −0.8, −1.2; the second set of simulations include a slightly different ΛCDM model and a w(z) model from Zhao et al. The lensing results indicate that the models with w
de = −0.5, −0.8 are not favored, and the other four models all achieve comparable agreement with the data.
Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets. I. Dynamical Regimes
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Zhang Xi
Published: March 2019

Relatively long-period, nonsynchronized planets—such as warm Jupiters—potentially retain the primordial rotation, eccentricity, and obliquity that might encapsulate information on planetary climate and formation processes. To date, there has not been a systematic study on climate patterns on these planets that will significantly influence their observations. Here we investigate the atmospheric dynamics of nonsynchronized, fast-rotating exoplanets across various radiative timescales, eccentricities, and obliquities using a shallow water model. The dynamical pattern can be demarcated into five regimes in terms of radiative timescale τ
rad and obliquity θ. An atmosphere with τ
rad shorter than a planetary day usually exhibits a strong day–night temperature contrast and a day-to-night flow pattern. In the intermediate τ
rad regime between a planetary day and a year, the atmosphere is dominated by steady temperature and eastward jet patterns for θ ≤ 18° but shows a strong seasonal variation for θ ≥ 18° because the polar region undergoes an intense heating at around the summer solstice. If τ
rad is larger than a year, seasonal variation is very weak. In this regime, eastward jets are developed for θ ≤ 54° and westward jets are developed for θ ≥ 54°. These dynamical regimes are also applicable to planets in eccentric orbits. The large effects of exoplanetary obliquities on circulation patterns might offer observational signatures, which will be investigated in Paper II of this study.
A Search for Optical Emission from Binary Black Hole Merger GW170814 with the Dark Energy Camera
Authors: Doctor Z. , Kessler R. , Herner K. , Palmese A. , Soares-Santos M. , Annis J. , Brout D. , Holz D. E. , Sako M. , Rest A. , Cowperthwaite P. , Berger E. , Foley R. J. , Conselice C. J. , Gill M. S. S. , Allam S. , Balbinot E. , Butler R. E. , Chen H.-Y. , Chornock R. , Cook E. , Diehl H. T. , Farr B. , Fong W. , Frieman J. , Fryer C. , García-Bellido J. , Margutti R. , Marshall J. L. , Matheson T. , Metzger B. D. , Nicholl M. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Salim S. , Sauseda M. , Secco L. F. , Smith R. C. , Smith N. , Vivas A. K. , Tucker D. L. , Abbott T. M. C. , Avila S. , Bechtol K. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Castander F. J. , D’Andrea C. B. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Kent S. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Menanteau F. , Miller C. J. , Miquel R. , Neilsen E. , Nord B. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Walker A. R. , Wester W. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2019

Binary black hole (BBH) mergers found by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detectors are of immense scientific interest to the astrophysics community, but are considered unlikely to be sources of electromagnetic emission. To test whether they have rapidly fading optical counterparts, we used the Dark Energy Camera to perform an i-band search for the BBH merger GW170814, the first gravitational wave (GW) detected by three interferometers. The 87 deg2 localization region (at 90% confidence) centered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) footprint enabled us to image 86% of the probable sky area to a depth of i ∼ 23 mag and provide the most comprehensive data set to search for electromagnetic (EM) emission from BBH mergers. To identify candidates, we perform difference imaging with our search images and with templates from pre-existing Dark Energy Survey (DES) images. The analysis strategy and selection requirements were designed to remove supernovae and to identify transients that decline in the first two epochs. We find two candidates, each of which is spatially coincident with a star or a high-redshift galaxy in the DES catalogs, and they are thus unlikely to be associated with GW170814. Our search finds no candidates associated with GW170814, disfavoring rapidly declining optical emission from BBH mergers brighter than i ∼ 23 mag (L
optical ∼ 5 × 1041 erg s−1) 1–2 days after coalescence. In terms of GW sky map coverage, this is the most complete search for optical counterparts to BBH mergers to date.
Pairwise Transverse Velocity Measurement with the Rees–Sciama Effect
Authors: Yasini Siavash , Mirzatuny Nareg , Pierpaoli Elena
Published: March 2019

We introduce a new estimator for the mean pairwise velocities of galaxy clusters, which is based on the measurement of the clusters’ transverse velocity components. The Rees–Sciama (RS) effect offers an opportunity to measure transverse peculiar velocities through its distinct dipolar signature around the halo centers in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature map. We exploit this dipolar structure to extract the magnitude and direction of the transverse velocity vectors from CMB maps simulated with the expected characteristics of future surveys like CMB-S4. Although in the presence of lensed CMB and instrumental noise individual velocities are not reliably reconstructed, we demonstrate that the mean pairwise velocity measurement obtained using the estimator yields a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.2 for ∼21,000 halos with M > 7 × 1013
M
⊙ in a 40 × 40 [deg2] patch at z = 0.5. While the proposed estimator carries promising prospects for measuring pairwise velocities through the RS effect in CMB stage IV experiments, its applications extend to any other potential probe of transverse velocities.
Liparis napoensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Lin , Chung Shih-Wen , Li Bo , Zeng Song-Jun , Yan Hai-Fei , Li Shi-Jin
Published: March 2019

Liparisnapoensis, a new orchid species belonging to section Cestichis from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. It occurs in the karst limestone forest. The new species is morphologically similar to L.viridiflora and L.somae, but can be readily distinguished by having narrowly oblong-falcate petals; flabellate-quadrate lip distinctly concave at base and emarginate at apex; conspicuously arcuate column with a pair of wedge-shaped wings.
Sisymbrium linifolium and Sisymbriopsis schugnana (Brassicaceae), two new records from Xinjiang, China
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Yue Jipei , Sun Hang
Published: March 2019

SisymbriumlinifoliumandSisymbriopsisschugnana, previously confined to western North America and Tajikistan, respectively, were discovered in Xinjiang during a recent field trip to this autonomous region of China. The identity of these two species was subsequently confirmed by extensive morphological and molecular studies. The biogeographical significance of these new floristic records is briefly addressed.
Ultrasonographic and Clinical Assessment of Peripheral Enthesitis in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis, Psoriasis, and Fibromyalgia Syndrome: The ULISSE Study
Authors: Macchioni Pierluigi , Salvarani Carlo , Possemato Niccolò , Gutierrez Marwin , Grassi Walter , Gasparini Stefania , Perricone Carlo , Perrotta Fabio Massimo , Grembiale Rosa Daniela , Bruno Caterina , Tripolino Cesare , Govoni Marcello , Ciancio Giovanni , Farina Ilaria , Ramonda Roberta , Frallonardo Paola , Desiati Francesca , Scarpa Raffaele , Costa Luisa , Zabotti Alen , De Vita Salvatore , D’Attino Rita Maria , Gualberti Giuliana , Merolla Rocco , di Luzio Paparatti Umberto , Aldigeri Raffaella , Marchesoni Antonio
Published: March 2019

Objective.

The purpose of the ULISSE study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical and ultrasonographic (US) entheseal involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriasis, and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Methods.

In this cross-sectional multicenter study, patients with PsA and psoriasis (not taking systemic therapy) and FMS underwent a clinical evaluation of the entheses, and a B-mode and power Doppler examination of 6 pairs of entheses.

Results.

The study analyzed 140 patients with PsA, 51 with psoriasis, and 51 with FMS. Clinical and US examinations were performed in 1960 and 1680 entheses in the PsA group, and 714 and 612 entheses both in the psoriasis group and in the FMS group. In both per-patient and per-enthesis evaluation, the frequency of entheseal tenderness was higher in patients with FMS (92% of the patients and 46% of the entheses, compared with 66%/23% in the PsA group and 59%/18% in the psoriasis group). With US examination, signs of entheseal involvement were more frequent in both the per-patient and per-enthesis evaluation in PsA and psoriasis (about 90% of patients in both the PsA and psoriasis groups and 75% of patients in the FMS group had at least 1 site affected, and 54%, 41%, and 27% of the pairs of entheses in, respectively, PsA, psoriasis, and FMS patients showed at least 1 enthesis involved).

Conclusion.

The ULISSE study indicated that enthesitis is a common feature in patients with PsA, those with psoriasis, and in those with FMS if only clinical examination is used. US entheseal assessment showed findings more consistent with the 3 disorders.
Clinical Outcomes and Clinico-pathological Correlations in Lupus Nephritis with Kidney Biopsy Showing Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Li Chao , Yap Desmond Y.H. , Chan Gavin , Wen Yu-bing , Li Hang , Tang Colin , Li Xue-mei , Li Xue-wang , Chan Tak Mao
Published: March 2019

Objective.

Renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an uncommon pathological finding in lupus nephritis (LN), and its clinical significance remains to be defined.

Methods.

Twenty-four patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and renal TMA were selected from a retrospective review of 677 biopsy-proven LN patients, and compared with 48 LN controls without TMA (1:2 ratio) matched according to demographics and treatments.

Results.

Renal TMA was noted in 3.5% of kidney biopsies of LN. TMA was associated with a higher prevalence of anti-Ro (45.8% vs 18.8%; p = 0.016), higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores (21.4 ± 8.5 vs 10.8 ± 2.3; p < 0.001), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; 16.8 ± 11.7 ml/min vs 77.8 ± 28.6 ml/min; p < 0.001), and a higher percentage of patients who required dialysis (37.5% vs 2.1%; p < 0.001) at the time of kidney biopsy. Activity and chronicity indices [median (range)] were higher in the TMA group [11 (2–19) and 3 (1–8), respectively, compared with 7 (0–15) and 1 (0–3) in controls; p = 0.004 and p < 0.001; respectively]. Patients with TMA showed inferior 5-year renal survival and higher incidence of chronic kidney disease at last followup (70% and 66.6%, respectively, compared with 95% and 29.2% in controls; p = 0.023 and 0.002, respectively). The TMA group also showed lower median eGFR compared with controls [50.1 (IQR 7–132) ml/min vs 85.0 (IQR 12–147) ml/min; p = 0.003]. Five-year patient survival rate was similar between the 2 groups (87% and 98% in TMA and control group, respectively; p = 0.127).

Conclusion.

TMA in kidney biopsy was associated with more severe clinical and histological activity, and significantly inferior longterm renal outcome in LN.
Identification of Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients in a Large Dataset: The Development and Validation of Novel Methods
Authors: Walsh Jessica A. , Pei Shaobo , Penmetsa Gopi , Hansen Jared Lareno , Cannon Grant W. , Clegg Daniel O. , Sauer Brian C.
Published: March 2019

Objective.

Observational axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) research in large datasets has been limited by a lack of adequate methods for identifying patients with axSpA, because there are no billing codes in the United States for most subtypes of axSpA. The objective of this study was to develop methods to accurately identify patients with axSpA in a large dataset.

Methods.

The study population included 600 chart-reviewed veterans, with and without axSpA, in the Veterans Health Administration between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2015. AxSpA identification algorithms were developed with variables anticipated by clinical experts to be predictive of an axSpA diagnosis [demographics, billing codes, healthcare use, medications, laboratory results, and natural language processing (NLP) for key SpA features]. Random Forest and 5-fold cross validation were used for algorithm development and testing in the training subset (n = 451). The algorithms were additionally tested in an independent testing subset (n = 149).

Results.

Three algorithms were developed: Full algorithm, High Feasibility algorithm, and Spond NLP algorithm. In the testing subset, the areas under the curve with the receiver-operating characteristic analysis were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.86, for the Full algorithm, High Feasibility algorithm, and Spond NLP algorithm, respectively. Algorithm sensitivities ranged from 85.0% to 95.0%, specificities from 78.0% to 93.6%, and accuracies from 82.6% to 91.3%.

Conclusion.

Novel axSpA identification algorithms performed well in classifying patients with axSpA. These algorithms offer a range of performance and feasibility attributes that may be appropriate for a broad array of axSpA studies. Additional research is required to validate the algorithms in other cohorts.
Monoclonal Gammopathy, Arthralgias, and Recurrent Fever Syndrome: A New Autoinflammatory Syndrome?
Authors: Terré Alexandre , Talbot Alexis , Louvrier Camille , Picque Jean Baptiste , Mahévas Matthieu , Boutboul David , Amselem Serge , Giurgea Irina , Grateau Gilles , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie
Published: March 2019

Objective.

To describe a new autoinflammatory syndrome with recurrent fever and monoclonal gammopathy that differs from Schnitzler syndrome.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective study of patients with monoclonal gammopathy and recurrent fever of unknown origin.

Results.

Five patients were studied; median age at onset of symptoms was 44 years. Median frequency of fever attacks was 6 episodes per year. In the absence of treatment, the median duration of fevers was 3 days.

Conclusion.

This new autoinflammatory syndrome is defined by an association among monoclonal gammopathy, arthralgias, and recurrent fever.
Effect of Treatment on Imaging, Clinical, and Serologic Assessments of Disease Activity in Large-vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Banerjee Shubhasree , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Gribbons K. Bates , Rosenblum Joel S. , Civelek Ali Cahid , Novakovich Elaine , Merkel Peter A. , Ahlman Mark A. , Grayson Peter C.
Published: March 2019

Objective.

Disease activity in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) is traditionally assessed by clinical and serological variables rather than vascular imaging. This study determined the effect of treatment on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) vascular activity in relation to clinical- and serologic-based assessments.

Methods.

Patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) or Takayasu arteritis (TA) were prospectively evaluated at 6-month intervals in an observational cohort. Treatment changes were made at least 3 months before the followup visit and categorized as increased, decreased, or unchanged. Imaging (FDG-PET qualitative analysis), clinical, and serologic (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) assessments were determined at each visit and compared over interval visits.

Results.

Serial assessments were performed in 52 patients with LVV (GCA = 31; TA = 21) over 156 visits. Increased, decreased, or unchanged therapy was recorded for 36-, 23-, and 32-visit intervals, respectively. When treatment was increased, there was significant reduction in disease activity by imaging, clinical, and inflammatory markers (p ≤ 0.01 for each). When treatment was unchanged, all 3 assessments of disease activity remained similarly unchanged over 6-month intervals. When treatment was reduced, PET activity significantly worsened (p = 0.02) but clinical and serologic activity did not significantly change. Treatment of GCA with tocilizumab and of TA with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors resulted in significant improvement in imaging and clinical assessments of disease activity, but only rarely did the assessments both become normal.

Conclusion.

In addition to clinical and serologic assessments, vascular imaging has potential to monitor disease activity in LVV and should be tested as an outcome measure in randomized clinical trials.
Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Systemic Sclerosis: A National Cohort Study of US Veterans
Authors: Ying David , Gianfrancesco Milena A. , Trupin Laura , Yazdany Jinoos , Greidinger Eric L. , Schmajuk Gabriela
Published: March 2019

Objective.

Previously thought to involve primarily the microvasculature, systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been increasingly linked to macrovascular disease. Cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular disease are responsible for 20–30% of mortality in SSc, but few studies have shown an independent association between SSc and stroke. We assessed whether SSc was an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the national Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative database containing records from 1999 to 2014. We obtained data for all patients with a diagnosis of SSc as well as 2 controls per SSc patient matched on sex, race, smoking status, and VA site. All patients were followed until development of ischemic stroke, death, or last encounter. We used a Cox proportional hazard regression model to estimate risk of ischemic stroke, with adjustments for CV comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, non-cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease, hyperlipidemia), baseline medication use (aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs), and Medicare enrollment.

Results.

Among 4545 individuals with SSc (83% male, mean age 60.9 yrs), the incidence rate of ischemic stroke was 15.3 per 1000 person-years (vs 12.2 in the control cohort), with an unadjusted HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.11–1.47). The adjusted HR was 1.21 (95% CI 1.05–1.40) after adjusting for baseline CV risk factors, medications, and Medicare enrollment.

Conclusion.

SSc is independently associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke among US veterans. Patients with SSc represent a population likely to benefit from targeted stroke screening or prevention therapies.
Asthma in Children: A Brief Review for Primary Care Providers
Authors: Hoch Heather E. , Houin Paul R. , Stillwell Paul C.
Published: March 2019

Pediatric asthma is a common chronic condition with wide-ranging implications for children's health, their families, and the health care system. The diagnosis may be relatively straightforward for the child with characteristic symptoms, triggers, and response to therapy, but there are other less common presentations that can make the diagnosis challenging. Diagnosing asthma in a toddler with recurrent wheezing can be particularly difficult. Treating asthma in a step-wise fashion usually reduces symptom frequency and improves asthma control. Asthma exacerbations and poor outcomes from acute exacerbations remain an area in which we have room for improvement. This article provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of childhood asthma for the primary care provider.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(3):e103–e109.]
Shared Decisions in Pediatrics
Authors: Dowd M. Denise
Published: March 2019

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a structured approach to engaging patients in discussion in medical therapy when there is more than one viable option for care. SDM may decrease decisional conflict between providers and patients, increase trust, and possibly even help decrease health care costs. Much more is known about this approach in adult health care environments, but research on SDM in child health care settings is growing. This article explores unique features of SDM in pediatrics and gives examples of applications.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(3):e98–e100.]
Affective racial politics in "How to Get Away with Murder" fan fiction
Authors: Guarriello Nicholas-Brie
Published: March 2019

This article analyzes fan fiction about Oliver Hampton and Connor Walsh (Coliver), an interracial queer couple in the TV series How to Get Away with Murder (2014–). An analysis of the two most popular fics in this pairing on Archive of Our Own, "It's Called Dating" by grimcognito (2015) and "deCode" by tuanpark (2014), indicate that there is a shift away from gift or sharing economies of fandom to a market-like economy of prompt revision in order to produce and circulate texts meant to provide happiness to fans.
Fans of color in femslash
Authors: Stanfill Mel
Published: March 2019

This roundtable discussion brings together a group of fans of color to discuss their experiences specifically in femslash fandom.
Approaching whiteness in slash via Marvel Cinematic Universe's Sam Wilson
Authors: Lowe JSA
Published: March 2019

This essay articulates the privilege of being a white writer within fandom and addresses the importance of Sam Wilson as a specifically black character in considering the author's own status as a disabled queer woman.