bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Model for the Management of Breastfeeding in Women With HIV in the United States: Experience From the Children's Hospital Colorado Immunodeficiency Program
Authors: Abuogi Lisa , Smith Christiana , Kinzie Kay , Barr Emily , Bonham Adrianne , Johnson R.L. , Dinnebeil Megan , McFarland Elizabeth , Weinberg Adriana
Published: April 2023

Background:

Women with HIV in high-income settings have increasingly expressed a desire to breastfeed their infants. Although national guidelines now acknowledge this choice, detailed recommendations are not available. We describe the approach to managing care for breastfeeding women with HIV at a single large-volume site in the United States.

Methods:

We convened an interdisciplinary group of providers to establish a protocol intended to minimize the risk of vertical transmission during breastfeeding. Programmatic experience and challenges are described. A retrospective chart review was conducted to report the characteristics of women who desired to or who did breastfeed between 2015 and 2022 and their infants.

Results:

Our approach stresses the importance of early conversations about infant feeding, documentation of feeding decisions and management plans, and communication among the health care team. Mothers are encouraged to maintain excellent adherence to antiretroviral treatment, maintain an undetectable viral load, and breastfeed exclusively. Infants receive continuous single-drug antiretroviral prophylaxis until 4 weeks after cessation of breastfeeding. From 2015 to 2022, we counseled 21 women interested in breastfeeding, of whom 10 women breastfed 13 infants for a median of 62 days (range, 1–309). Challenges included mastitis (N = 3), need for supplementation (N = 4), maternal plasma viral load elevation of 50–70 copies/mL (N = 2), and difficulty weaning (N = 3). Six infants experienced at least 1 adverse event, most of which were attributed to antiretroviral prophylaxis.

Discussion:

Many knowledge gaps remain in the management of breastfeeding among women with HIV in high-income settings, including approaches to infant prophylaxis. An interdisciplinary approach to minimizing risk is needed.
Surgical Treatment of Blow-out Fracture: A New Perspective
Authors: Oliveira de Lima Junior Miqueias , Fontan Soares Cauê , Souza Catunda Ivson , de Holanda Vasconcellos Ricardo José
Published: April 2023

The present work aims to report 2 clinical cases of the use of current technologies for the treatment of orbital fractures. The cases are of patients who were victims of car accidents and who developed a blow-out orbital fracture. Clinically, they presented periorbital ecchymosis, blepharoedema, enophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia and, therefore, underwent surgical reconstructive treatment. For both cases, preoperative computed tomography and biomodel impression of the orbits were performed. The modeling of the titanium mesh covering the defect in the biomodel that would be used in the surgery was performed. In the intraoperative period of reduction and fixation of the fracture with the titanium mesh, optics were used to better visualize the posterior defect, as well as computed tomography to ensure that the entire affected area was reconstructed. Both patients were followed up in the postoperative period and evolved without clinical and functional complaints.
Clinical decision support in promoting evidence-based nursing in primary healthcare: a cross-sectional study in Finland
Authors: Hamari Lotta , Parisod Heidi , Siltanen Hannele , Heikkilä Kristiina , Kortteisto Tiina , Kunnamo Ilkka , Pukkila Heidi , Holopainen Arja
Published: April 2023

Introduction and aims:

The aim was to explore clinical decision support (CDS) use in the practice of primary healthcare nurses. The objectives were to recognize to what extent nurses (registered nurses, public health nurses, and practical nurses) use CDS, what factors were associated with the CDS used, what kind of organizational support nurses need, and what were nurses’ views about CDS development needs.

Methods:

The study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design, using an electronic questionnaire developed for this purpose. The questionnaire contained 14 structured questions and nine open-ended questions. The sample consisted of randomly selected primary healthcare organizations (N = 19) in Finland. Quantitative data were analyzed using cross-tabulation and Pearson's chi-squared test, and qualitative data with quantification.

Results:

A total of 267 healthcare professionals (age range 22–63 years) volunteered to participate. Participants were mainly registered nurses, public health nurses, and practical nurses (46.8, 24, and 22.9%, respectively). Overall, 59% of the participants had never used CDS. The majority (92%) found it necessary to develop nursing-specific content for CDS. The most commonly used features were medication recommendations and warnings (74%), reminders (56%), and calculators (42%). Half of the participants (51%) had not received training on the use of CDS. The older age of participants was associated with the feeling of not having enough training to use CDS (P = 0.039104). Nurses felt that CDS was helpful in their clinical work and decision-making, promoting evidence-based practice, and narrowing the research-into-practice gap, improving patient safety and the quality of care, and helping those who are new in their work.

Conclusion:

CDS and its support structures should be developed from a nursing perspective to achieve the full potential of CDS in nursing practice.
Planning an implementation science training program for advanced practice registered nurses
Authors: Hebert Sharisse , Gaines Chloe , Benjamin-Garner Ruby , Moore Jerrel
Published: April 2023

Background:

A gap exists between scientific discovery and implementation and adoption of research findings in healthcare and public health practice. This gap is due to the fact that research on treatment efficacy and safety in clinical trials ends prematurely with the publication of results, leaving a lack of knowledge of treatment effectiveness in real-world clinical and community settings. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) can facilitate the translation of research findings, reducing the gap between discovery and adoption into practice. Getting CER findings to patients and healthcare providers requires efforts to disseminate and train providers to successfully implement and sustain change in the healthcare setting. Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are instrumental in the implementation of evidence-based research in primary care settings and an important group to target for the dissemination of research findings. There are numerous implementation training programs, but none focus specifically on APRNs.

Objective:

The objective of this article is to describe the infrastructure established to develop a 3-day implementation training program for APRNs and an implementation support system.

Method:

A description of the processes and strategies is provided, including stakeholder engagement through focus groups and the formation of a multistakeholder program planning advisory team, which includes APRNs, organization leaders, and patients. The program also includes curriculum development and program planning as well as the development of an implementation toolkit.

Results:

Stakeholders were instrumental in shaping the implementation training program, including the content of the curriculum and the program agenda. In addition, the unique perspective of each stakeholder group contributed to the selection of the CER findings disseminated through the intensive training program.

Conclusion:

It is important that strategies to address the lack of implementation training opportunities for APRNs be discussed and disseminated within the healthcare community. This article discusses the plan to address implementation training for APRNs through the development of an implementation curriculum and toolkit for APRNs.
Fluoroquinolone resistance does not facilitate phage Φ13integration or excision in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Leinweber Helena , Sieber Raphael N. , Bojer Martin S. , Larsen Jesper , Ingmer Hanne
Published: April 2023

Prophages of the ΦSa3int family are commonly found in human-associated strains of Staphylococcus aureus where they encode factors for evading the human innate immune system. In contrast, they are usually absent in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) strains where the phage attachment site is mutated compared to the human strains. However, ΦSa3int phages have been found in a subset of LA-MRSA strains belonging to clonal complex 398 (CC398), including a lineage that is widespread in pig farms in Northern Jutland, Denmark. This lineage contains amino acid changes in the DNA topoisomerase IV and the DNA gyrase encoded by grlA and gyrA, respectively, which have been associated with fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. As both of these enzymes are involved in DNA supercoiling, we speculated that the mutations might impact recombination between the ΦSa3int phage and the bacterial chromosome. To examine this, we introduced the FQ resistance mutations into S. aureus 8325-4attBLA that carry the mutated CC398-like bacterial attachment site for ΦSa3int phages. When monitoring phage integration and release of Φ13, a well-described representative of the ΦSa3int phage family, we did not observe any significant differences between the FQ-resistant mutant and the wildtype strain. Thus our results suggest that mutations in grlA and gyrA do not contribute to the presence of the ΦSa3int phages in LA-MRSA CC398.
Clostridium folliculivorans sp. nov., isolated from soil samples of an organic paddy in Japan
Authors: Tazawa Junko , Kobayashi Hisami , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Uchino Akira , Tanaka Fukuyo , Urashima Yasufumi , Miura Shigenori , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Ohkuma Moriya , Tohno Masanori
Published: April 2023

Two Gram-stain-negative, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped and aerotolerant bacterial strains designated D1-1T and B3 were isolated from soil samples of an organic paddy in Japan. Strain D1-1T grew at 15–37 °C, pH 5.0–7.3, and with up to 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain D1-1T belonged to the genus

Clostridium

and was closely related to

Clostridium zeae

CSC2T (99.7 % sequence similarity),

Clostridium fungisolvens

TW1T (99.7 %) and

Clostridium manihotivorum

CT4T (99.3 %). Strains D1-1T and B3 were whole-genome sequenced and indistinguishable, with an average nucleotide identity value of 99.7 %. The average nucleotide identity (below 91.1 %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (below 43.6 %) values between the two novel isolates and their corresponding relatives showed that strains D1-1T and B3 could be readily distinguished from their closely related species. A novel

Clostridium

species, Clostridium folliculivorans sp. nov., with type strain D1-1T (=MAFF 212477T=DSM 113523T), is proposed based on genotypic and phenotypic data.
The impact of long-term conditions and comorbidity patterns on COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation: a cohort study
Authors: Huang Yun-Ting , Steptoe Andrew , Patel Riyaz S. , Thomson Esme Fuller , Cadar Dorina
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Older adults are usually more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections; however, little is known about which comorbidity patterns are related to a higher probability of COVID-19 infection. This study investigated the role of long-term conditions or comorbidity patterns on COVID-19 infection and related hospitalisations.

Methods

This study included 4,428 individuals from Waves 8 (2016−2017) and 9 (2018−2019) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), who also participated in the ELSA COVID-19 Substudy in 2020. Comorbidity patterns of chronic conditions were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. The relationships between comorbidity patterns or long-term conditions and COVID-19 related outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Among a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in England, those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and complex comorbidities had an almost double risk of COVID-19 infection (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.42−2.46) but not of COVID-19 related hospitalisation. A similar pattern was observed for the heterogeneous comorbidities cluster (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.24−1.96). The individual investigations of long-term conditions with COVID-19 infection highlighted primary associations with CVD (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.23−1.74), lung diseases (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.17−1.69), psychiatric conditions (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16−1.68), retinopathy/eye diseases (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.18−1.64), and arthritis (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.09−1.48). In contrast, metabolic disorders and diagnosed diabetes were not associated with any COVID-19 outcomes.

Discussion/Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the comorbidity patterns that are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections and highlights the importance of CVD and complex comorbidities.

These findings facilitate crucial new evidence for appropriate screening measures and tailored interventions for older adults in the ongoing global outbreak.
Community-based hematological reference intervals among apparently healthy adult Eritrean population in Asmara
Authors: Noury Ahmed O , Musa Omer A. , Gasmalbari Elmuiz , Bakhit Barakat M , Tesfamariam Eyasu H , Abraha Daniel M , Ghebre Zekarias B
Published: April 2023

Background

The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most beneficial biological tests used in routine medical practice. The reference intervals (RIs) of the hematological parameters are of major importance for clinical orientations and therapeutic decisions and it is necessary to establish RIs that are population specific. The objective of this study was to establish population-specific reference intervals for hematological parameters among healthy adult Eritreans.

Method

Using a DXH500 analyzer, CBC values were evaluated in samples taken from 401 healthy Eritreans in Asmara city, ranging in age from 18 to 60. For the blood tests, a sample of venous blood was drawn into a tube containing the anticoagulant EDTA. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25, and a P value of 0.05 or above was deemed significant. The upper (97.5th percentile) and lower (2.5th percentile) reference interval boundaries with 95% CI were determined using a non-parametric test. The necessity for gender-based reference interval partitioning was determined using the Harris and Boyd Rule.

Results

The established 95% reference intervals combined median (2.5th–97.5th percentile) were: that represent both males and females as per the suggestion of Harris and Boyd WBCs, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, MCV, RDW, RDW-SD and MPV (fl) were 6.3(3.62-11.56×103/μL), 39.53(22.10-60.55 %), 8.67(5.70-13.61 %), 49.32(27.09-69.25 %), 1.19(0.22-7.13%), 0.17(0.02-0.61%), 88.10(79.32-96.07fl), 13.50(12.50-15.90 %), 37.25(33.00-43.29%), and 9.29(7.76-11.51fl) respectively. RBCs, Hb, HCT, MCH, MCHC, and platelets were the parameters that required separate RI. Their respective median (2.5th– 97.5thpercentile) for males versus females were 5.40 (4.57-6.21 ×106/μL) versus 4.88 (4.25-5.61×106/μL), 15.66 (13.56-18.13 g/dl) versus 13.50 (11.95-15.68 g/dl, 48 (42.02-53.93%) versus 42.60 (36.40-48.52%), 29.10 (26.02-34.74 pg) versus 28.30 (24.79-31.02 pg), 32.55 (31.60-36.14 g/dl) versus 32.20 (31.10-33.50 14 g/dl) and 273.15 (155.67-399.34) versus 314.35 (113.96-499.55 103/μL).

Conclusion

The reference intervals established in this study differ from currently used RIs and thus should be used for the interpretation of laboratory results in diagnosis and safety monitoring in clinical trials in Asmara
Assessment of three-dimensional RNA structure prediction in CASP15
Authors: Das Rhiju , Kretsch Rachael C. , Simpkin Adam J. , Mulvaney Thomas , Pham Phillip , Rangan Ramya , Bu Fan , Keegan Ronan M. , Topf Maya , Rigden Daniel J. , Miao Zhichao , Westhof Eric
Published: April 2023

The prediction of RNA three-dimensional structures remains an unsolved problem. Here, we report assessments of RNA structure predictions in CASP15, the first CASP exercise that involved RNA structure modeling. Forty two predictor groups submitted models for at least one of twelve RNA-containing targets. These models were evaluated by the RNA-Puzzles organizers and, separately, by a CASP-recruited team using metrics (GDT, lDDT) and approaches (Z-score rankings) initially developed for assessment of proteins and generalized here for RNA assessment. The two assessments independently ranked the same predictor groups as first (AIchemy_RNA2), second (Chen), and third (RNAPolis and GeneSilico, tied); predictions from deep learning approaches were significantly worse than these top ranked groups, which did not use deep learning. Further analyses based on direct comparison of predicted models to cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps and X-ray diffraction data support these rankings. With the exception of two RNA-protein complexes, models submitted by CASP15 groups correctly predicted the global fold of the RNA targets. Comparisons of CASP15 submissions to designed RNA nanostructures as well as molecular replacement trials highlight the potential utility of current RNA modeling approaches for RNA nanotechnology and structural biology, respectively. Nevertheless, challenges remain in modeling fine details such as non- canonical pairs, in ranking among submitted models, and in prediction of multiple structures resolved by cryo-EM or crystallography.
Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution
Authors: Epstein Hannah E. , Brown Tanya , Akinrinade Ayomikun O. , McMinds Ryan , Pollock F. Joseph , Sonett Dylan , Smith Styles , Bourne David G. , Carpenter Carolina S. , Knight Rob , Willis Bette L. , Medina Mónica , Lamb Joleah B. , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Zaneveld Jesse R.
Published: April 2023

Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are central to animal evolution. However, because microbes can influence aspects of host physiology, behavior, and resistance to stress or disease, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a highly biodiverse and data-rich host system to test this idea, made more relevant by increases in coral disease outbreaks as a result of anthropogenic changes to climate and reef ecosystems. Identifying factors that determine coral disease susceptibility has therefore become a focus for reef conservation efforts. Using a comparative approach, we tested if coral microbiomes correlate with disease susceptibility across 425 million years of coral evolution by combining a cross-species coral microbiome survey (the “Global Coral Microbiome Project”) with long-term disease prevalence data at multiple sites. Interpreting these data in their phylogenetic context, we show that microbial dominance and composition predict disease susceptibility. We trace this dominance-disease association to a single putatively beneficial bacterial symbiont,Endozoicomonas, whose relative abundance in coral tissue explained 30% of variation in disease susceptibility and 60% of variation in microbiome dominance across 40 coral genera. Conversely,Endozoicomonasabundances in coral tissue strongly correlated with high growth rates. These results demonstrate that the evolution of microbial symbiosis in corals correlates with both disease prevalence and growth rate. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for these findings will be important for our understanding of how microbial symbiosis influences animal life-history tradeoffs, and in efforts to use microbes to increase coral growth or disease resistancein-situ.

Significance Statement

The evolution of tropical corals, like that of many organisms, involves tradeoffs in life-history strategy. We sought to test whether microbes influence coral life-history traits. Comparative data from a census of modern coral microbes, combined with long term disease surveys in three regions, provide evidence for a correlation between microbiome structure, growth rate, and disease susceptibility during coral evolution. These trends were driven primarily by changes in the relative abundance ofEndozoicomonasin coral tissue microbiomes, suggesting the novel hypothesis thatEndozoicomonasmay allow corals to grow more quickly at the cost of greater vulnerability to disease. Thus, symbiosis with microbes may be an important aspect of animal life-history strategy.
Genomic epidemiology and multilevel genome typing ofBordetella pertussis
Authors: Payne Michael , Xu Zheng , Hu Dalong , Kaur Sandeep , Octavia Sophie , Sintchenko Vitali , Lan Ruiting
Published: April 2023

Bordetella pertussisis responsible for the respiratory infectious disease pertussis (or whooping cough), which causes one of the most severe diseases in infants, although it can be prevented by whole cell and acellular vaccines. The recent resurgence of pertussis is partially due to pathogen adaptation to vaccines as well as resistance to antimicrobials. Surveillance of current circulating and emerging strains is therefore vital to understand the risks they pose to public health. Although there is increased genomics based typing, a genomic nomenclature for this pathogen has not been well established. Here, we implemented the Multilevel Genome Typing (MGT) system forB. pertussiswith five levels of resolution, which provide targeted typing of relevant lineages as well as discrimination of closely related strains at the finest scale. The low resolution levels can describe the distribution of alleles of major vaccine antigen genes such asptxP, fim3, fhaBandprnas well as temporal and spatial trends within theB. pertussisglobal population. Mid-resolution levels enables typing of antibiotic resistant lineages and Prn deficient lineages within theptxP3clade. High resolution levels can capture small-scale epidemiology such as local transmission events and has comparable resolution to existing genomic methods of strain relatedness assessment. The scheme offers stable MGT type assignments aiding harmonisation of typing and communication between laboratories. The scheme is available atwww.mgtdb.unsw.edu.au/pertussis/is regularly updated from global data repositories and accepts public data submissions. The MGT scheme provides a comprehensive, robust, and scalable system for global surveillance ofB. pertussis.
Bacterial Pathogen Infection Triggers Magic Spot Nucleotide Signaling inArabidopsis thalianaChloroplasts Through Specific RelA/SpoT Homologs
Authors: Qiu Danye , Riemer Esther , Haas Thomas M. , Prucker Isabel , Masuda Shinji , Wang Yan L. , Felix Georg , Schaaf Gabriel , Jessen Henning J.
Published: April 2023

Magic spot nucleotides (p)ppGpp are important signaling molecules in bacteria and plants. In the latter, RSH enzymes are responsible for (p)ppGpp turnover. Profiling of (p)ppGpp is more difficult in plants than in bacteria due to lower concentrations and more severe matrix effects. Here, we report that capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) can be deployed to study (p)ppGpp abundance and identity inArabidopsis thaliana. This goal is achieved by combining a titanium dioxide extraction protocol and pre-spiking with chemically synthesized stable isotope labeled internal reference compounds. The high sensitivity and separation efficiency of CE-MS enables monitoring of changes in (p)ppGpp levels inA. thalianaupon infection with the pathogenPseudomonas syringaepv.tomato (PstDC3000). We observed a significant increase of ppGpp post infection that is also stimulated by the flagellin peptide flg22 only. This increase depends on functional flg22 receptor FLS2 and its interacting kinase BAK1 indicating that pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor-mediated signaling controls ppGpp levels. Transcript analyses showed an upregulation ofRSH2upon flg22 treatment and bothRSH2andRSH3afterPstDC3000infection.A. thalianamutants deficient in RSH2 and RSH3 activity display no ppGpp accumulation upon infection and flg22 treatment, supporting involvement of these synthases in PAMP-triggered innate immunity responses to pathogens within the chloroplast.
Domain Acquisition by Class I Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Urzymes Coordinated the Catalytic Functions of HVGH and KMSKS Motifs
Authors: Tang Guo Qing , Hobson Elder Jessica J. , Douglas Jordan , Carter Charles W.
Published: April 2023

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is a Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) that catalyzes synthesis of leucyl-tRNAleufor codon-directed protein synthesis on the ribosome. Class I aaRS, which were key to the evolution of genetic coding, contain two discrete signature sequences, HIGH and KMSKS, that participate in transition-state stabilization by the entire eleven-enzyme Class I aaRS superfamily. Combinatorial mutagenesis and thermodynamic cycle analyses of these catalytic signatures in full-lengthPyrococcus horikoshiiLeuRS and the 129-residue urzyme ancestral model generated from it (LeuAC) provide quantitative insight into the evolutionary gain of function induced by acquisition of the anticodon-binding (ABD) and multiple insertion modules in the catalytic domain. The free energy coupling terms, Δ(ΔG‡), are small and unfavorable for LeuAC, but large and favorable for LeuRS. Thus, the ABD and other insertion modules induce strong cooperativity between the two signature sequences, which are uncoupled in LeuAC. These results further substantiate the authenticity of LeuAC urzyme catalysis and implicate domain motion in catalysis by the full-length LeuRS. Most importantly, the implication that backbone elements of secondary structures achieve a major portion of the overall transition-state stabilization by LeuAC is also consistent with coevolution of the genetic code and metabolic pathways necessary to produce histidine and lysine sidechains.

Bullet Points

The LeuRS HVGH and KMSKS signature motifs are energetically coupled by −1.6 kcal/mole.

The same motifs are anti-coupled by +0.8 kcal/mole in the 129 residue urzyme, LeuAC.

Ancestral Class I aaRS did not require either histidine or lysine for catalysis.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Selected Indonesian Phytogenic Blends to Nitric Oxide Synthase – Inducible Protein in Mojosari Ducks (Anas javanica): In-silico Study
Authors: Yudha Harahap Muhammad Andika , Damayanti Cindy Audina , Wibowo Syahputra , Natsir M. Halim , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: April 2023

Inflammation is a defensive response to tissue damage, infectious agents, and injury. Necrotic enteritis is an inflammatory response induced by pathogenic bacteria invading the intestines of Mojosari ducks (Anas javanica). In contrast, excessive nitric oxide production by inducible nitric oxide synthase during inflammatory processes can cause significant intestinal tissue damage and cellular toxicity. Oxyresveratrol is an active compound ofMorus albathat has been known to have antioxidant activity and can suppress the inflammatory process, inhibiting the increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, unfortunately, this plant is not endemic to Indonesia, so using native Indonesian spices that can be a substitute for oxyresveratrol is necessary. The docking results from nine Indonesian phytogenic blends interacting with NOS revealed that cynaroside from thePiper betleL. plant might be utilized instead of oxyresveratrol as an anti-inflammatory drug via the inhibitory pathway of nitric oxide synthase protein. The docking results showed that from the nine compounds tested, it can be concluded that three compounds were found that are better than the control compound (oxyresveratrol) in terms of binding affinity (energy) and the type of hydrogen bonds bond in amino acid proteins that are equal to the amount more than all compounds tested. The three compounds are cynaroside compounds fromPiper betleL. with a binding energy of -9.4 kcal / mol and a Conventional Hydrogen bond type GLU(B):761, GLU(A):761, curcumin compounds fromCurcuma longaL. with a binding energy of -8.6 kcal/mol and Conventional Hydrogen bond type GLN(A):760, GLN(B):760 and compound 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide fromAndrographis paniculatawith binding energy -8.8 kcal/mol and Conventional Hydrogen bond type GLU(B):761 can be used instead of oxyresveratrol as an anti-inflammatory agent through the inhibition pathway of Nitric Oxide Synthase protein (NOS)
Evidence of the simultaneous replications of active viruses in specimens positive for multiple respiratory viruses
Authors: Kawase Miyuki , Suwa Reiko , Sugimoto Satoko , Kakizaki Masatoshi , Kume Yohei , Chishiki Mina , Ono Takashi , Okabe Hisao , Norito Sakurako , Ujike Makoto , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Koichi , Shirato Kazuya
Published: April 2023

Genetic diagnostic assays for the detection of respiratory viruses sometimes show simultaneous multiple infections with low copy numbers. In such cases, the disease is considered caused by a single etiologic agent and others are nonspecific reactions and/or contaminations. Interferon-dependent interference is seen in dual infections of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, which are the main causes of respiratory infections. Virus isolation is one of the solutions in detecting other active viruses present in specimens, and the air–liquid interface culture of human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells (HBTEC-ALI) is optimal for the isolation of respiratory viruses owing to its wide range of susceptibility. In this study, we successfully confirmed the replications of various viruses from specimens with low copy numbers and passed 2–3 viruses simultaneously using HBTEC-ALI cultures, mainly including human bocavirus 1 and/or human rhinovirus.
TorsinA is essential for the timing and localization of neuronal nuclear pore complex biogenesis
Authors: Kim Sumin , Phan Sébastien , Shaw Thomas R. , Ellisman Mark H. , Veatch Sarah L. , Barmada Sami J. , Pappas Samuel S. , Dauer William T.
Published: April 2023

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate information transfer between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPC defects are linked to several neurological diseases, but the processes governing NPC biogenesis and spatial organization are poorly understood. Here, we identify a temporal window of strongly upregulated NPC biogenesis during neuronal maturation. We demonstrate that the AAA+ protein torsinA, whose loss of function causes the neurodevelopmental movement disorder DYT-TOR1A (DYT1) dystonia, coordinates NPC spatial organization during this period without impacting total NPC density. Using a new mouse line in which endogenous Nup107 is Halo-Tagged, we find that torsinA is essential for correct localization of NPC formation. In the absence of torsinA, the inner nuclear membrane buds excessively at sites of mislocalized, nascent NPCs, and NPC assembly completion is delayed. Our work implies that NPC spatial organization and number are independently regulated and suggests that torsinA is critical for the normal localization and assembly kinetics of NPCs.
CRISPRi-based screens in iAssembloids to elucidate neuron-glia interactions
Authors: Li Emmy , Benitez Camila , Boggess Steven C. , Koontz Mark , Rose Indigo V.L. , Martinez Delsy , Draeger Nina , Teter Olivia M. , Samelson Avi J. , Pierce Na’im , Ullian Erik M. , Kampmann Martin
Published: April 2023

The sheer complexity of the brain has complicated our ability to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its function in health and disease. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered genetic variants associated with specific neurological phenotypes and diseases. In addition, single-cell transcriptomics have provided molecular descriptions of specific brain cell types and the changes they undergo during disease. Although these approaches provide a giant leap forward towards understanding how genetic variation can lead to functional changes in the brain, they do not establish molecular mechanisms. To address this need, we developed a 3D co-culture system termed iAssembloids (induced multi-lineage assembloids) that enables the rapid generation of homogenous neuron-glia spheroids. We characterize these iAssembloids with immunohistochemistry and single-cell transcriptomics and combine them with large-scale CRISPRi-based screens. In our first application, we ask how glial and neuronal cells interact to control neuronal death and survival. Our CRISPRi-based screens identified that GSK3β inhibits the protective NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response in the presence of reactive oxygen species elicited by high neuronal activity, which was not previously found in 2D monoculture neuron screens. We also apply the platform to investigate the role of APOE- 4, a risk variant for Alzheimer’s Disease, in its effect on neuronal survival. We find that APOE- 4-expressing astrocytes may promote more neuronal activity as compared to APOE- 3- expressing astrocytes. This platform expands the toolbox for the unbiased identification of mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in brain health and disease.
Why do Chinese people prefer domestic products: the role of consumer ethnocentrism, social norms and national identity
Authors: Jia Qifan , Chen Rui , Zuo Yihan , Liu Run , Gong Roushan , Huang Linnan , Chen Chen , Xue Bangyi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This research aims to find out the reasons why Chinese people prefer domestic products. The authors examine the effect of consumer ethnocentrism (CE), social norms (SNs) and national identity (NI) on willingness to buy (WTB) domestic products in two time points and test the product category differences and age group differences.

Design/methodology/approach

Two survey studies (n1 = 314; n2 = 346) were conducted in China in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The authors measured CE, SNs, NI and WTB domestic products in both studies and WTB four categories of products in study 2. Multiple hierarchical linear regression was conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

In study 1, the authors found that SNs and NI significantly predicted WTB domestic products, but CE did not. In study 2, the authors found that all three indicators significantly predicted WTB domestic products. CE played a significant and consistent role in different product categories, while SNs and NI had inconsistent effects. NI predicted WTB domestic products for younger people but not for older people.

Originality/value

This research is the first to examine CE, SNs and NI in the same study and the first to explore the role of SNs and NI in WTB domestic products in China. It promotes the understanding of CE and other related factors, increases the knowledge of Chinese consumers’ purchasing behavior and indicates the power of the situation. Practical implications are also discussed.
Backer behaviors – changing investment dynamics in equity crowdfunding markets
Authors: Olsson Ola
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to establish the shape of investment dynamics in equity crowdfunding to better understand backer behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides insights into when backers invest in successful funding campaigns. It uses t-tests to compare differences in means between observation windows during successful funding campaigns. It is based on 4,938 transactions from 61 campaigns, focusing on the first and last tail ends.

Findings

In contrast to previous findings, the current investment dynamics seem more U-shaped than L-shaped. This supports previous findings about a strong start but also suggests a late collective attention effect. The strength is higher at the first tail end. However, differences in the later tail ends are statistically significant and emphasize the presence of late investment activities, especially in crowded or less complex campaigns.

Practical implications

These findings emphasize the importance of signaling during the entire funding window. This encourages platforms to invest in user-friendly functionalities that guide entrepreneurs and help backers when investing in successful campaigns.

Originality/value

This study improves the understanding of backer behavior and suggests changing investment dynamics in equity crowdfunding. In addition, this pattern contrasts with previous findings on dynamic collective attention effects in rich digitally informative markets, implying two attention effects when uncertainty is high.
Consumption coping to deal with pandemic stress: impact on subjective well-being and shifts in consumer behavior
Authors: Jain Avinash , Dash Satyabhusan , Malhotra Naresh K.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the role of consumption coping in managing collective tragedy stress and stress outcomes using the COVID-19 pandemic context.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method study with a sample size of 931 was conducted to develop the questionnaire, followed by a quantitative study with 1,215 respondents to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of this study empirically validated the use of consumption coping and found it effective in managing collective tragedy stress and its outcomes (subjective well-being and continuance intention).

Research limitations/implications

This study advances the literature on stress coping in a collective tragedy context, with a specific focus on consumption coping.

Practical implications

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all elements of the marketing mix. Understanding pandemic-induced stress and the role of consumption coping can help managers to proactively formulate strategic responses suitable for changing consumer habits.

Social implications

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all elements of the marketing mix. Understanding pandemic-induced stress and the role of consumption coping can help managers to proactively formulate strategic responses suitable for changing consumer habits. This should lead to better social outcomes.

Originality/value

This study developed a scale for pandemic-induced stress that integrates various well-established theories to identify the role of consumption coping in managing collective tragedy stress and the psychological mechanism behind the shift in consumer behavior after a collective tragedy.
An extended variational iteration method for fractional BVPs encountered in engineering applications
Authors: Khuri Suheil , Assadi Reem
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find approximate solutions for a general class of fractional order boundary value problems that arise in engineering applications.

Design/methodology/approach

A newly developed semi-analytical scheme will be applied to find approximate solutions for fractional order boundary value problems. The technique is regarded as an extension of the well-established variation iteration method, which was originally proposed for initial value problems, to cover a class of boundary value problems.

Findings

It has been demonstrated that the method yields approximations that are extremely accurate and have uniform distributions of error throughout their domain. The numerical examples confirm the method’s validity and relatively fast convergence.

Originality/value

The generalized variational iteration method that is presented in this study is a novel strategy that can handle fractional boundary value problem more effectively than the classical variational iteration method, which was designed for initial value problems.
The black sheep in hospitality organizations: how and when coworker service sabotage hinders employee service creativity
Authors: Lyu Yijing , Zhu Hong , Huang Emily G. , Chen Yuanyi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a research model in which coworker service sabotage influences hospitality employees’ service creativity via work engagement. It also aims to test the moderating effect of sensitivity to the interpersonal mistreatment of others (SIMO).

Design/methodology/approach

A time-lagged questionnaire study was performed in hotels in China. The hypotheses were tested via hierarchical multiple regression.

Findings

Coworker service sabotage is indirectly associated with hospitality employees’ service creativity via work engagement. The trait of SIMO buffers the harmful effect of coworker service sabotage.

Research limitations/implications

Although our research design helps mitigate common method bias, it could still exist. Other coworker behaviors that might influence employees were not included in this research. The findings may also be biased due to the restricted sample from China.

Practical implications

Hospitality organizations should take measures to curb service sabotage. Organizations could also provide supportive resources to suppress the negative impacts of coworker service sabotage. Moreover, organizations should motivate those low in SIMO to care more about customers.

Originality/value

The research takes the lead in investigating the outcomes of service sabotage from a third-party perspective. Work engagement is identified as the mechanism for transmitting the impact of coworker service sabotage to employees. Moreover, a new moderator that attenuates the negative effects of coworker service sabotage is found.
Collaborating in a centralized governance mechanism: structure and fragmentation of large-scale response coordination during the 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut in Shenzhen
Authors: Wang Xiao
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine a large-scale typhoon response coordination, focusing on the emergency collaborative network (ECN) configuration and structural properties that characterized the 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut response operations in Shenzhen, China.

Design/methodology/approach

The response coordination of Typhoon Mangkhut was operationalized as a Shenzhen-based ECN established upon a six-week observation. A systematic content analysis of publicly available government documents and newspaper articles was conducted to identify participating organizations and interorganizational relationships built and sustained during and immediately after the disaster. Social network metrics at levels of the node, subgroup of nodes and whole network were utilized to examine network capacity, network homophily and network performance, respectively.

Findings

Results of the centrality analysis demonstrate that government agencies at municipal and district/county levels took central network positions while private and non-profit organizations were mostly positioned at the network periphery. The blocking analysis points to a salient homophily effect that participating organizations sharing similar attributes were more likely to connect with each other. A further investigation of whole network metrics and the small-world index reveals the highly fragmented and discontinued features of ECN, which may result in unsystematic coordination among organizational actors.

Originality/value

This paper is distinctive in examining the coordination structure among response organizations embedded in a centralized and monocentric governance system and, more importantly, how the structural characteristics can differ from that evidenced in a more decentralized and polycentric system.
Resilience through the lens of entrepreneurship: a bibliometric analysis and network mapping of the emerging research field
Authors: Nautiyal Shreyasi , Pathak Prachi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Resilience has evolved as a dynamic process in the entrepreneurship field. The purpose of this paper is to outline a comprehensive structure to analyse the patterns and trends in the publications of the existing literature at the junction of entrepreneurship and resilience. With the help of bibliometric and network analysis, this study offers insights into the topic that have not been evaluated and assessed by previous reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

A computerised search of 104 papers was performed using the Scopus database, and graphical visualisation of the bibliographic material was developed using VOSviewer software.

Findings

This comprehensive bibliometric mapping helps in the graphical visualisation of publication evolution of the domain along with identifying present research trends and possible future directions. There is not much collaborative research in the field, as most prolific thinkers work in isolation or in pairs. Hence, there are limited publications in top-rated journals. Future researchers need to work collaboratively to produce high-quality papers. Developed nations make a sound contribution to the field. The exact significance of resilience in entrepreneurship is yet to be determined due to a wide variety of themes that reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of the domain.

Originality/value

Uncovering the trends and developments of the field, this study provides a global perspective and potential themes lying at the junction of resilience and entrepreneurship. Hence, this study provides a robust roadmap for future researchers interested in this area.
Lateral torsional buckling behaviour of tapered steel section with web opening – finite element analysis
Authors: De’nan Fatimah , Hashim Nor Salwani , Siew Ting Ngo
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Recently, this steel section has found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings with their high load-carrying capacity due to the nature of high strength to weight ratio properties. However, the rise on the price of steel section should be more emphasized; therefore, the optimization in steel section design is needed to overcome the issue of material cost. As such, tapered steel sections save on material use, while the introduction of web openings allows the placement of mechanical and electrical services, plumbing and also aesthetic design considerations.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lateral torsional buckling behavior of a tapered steel section with an ellipse-shaped opening by analyzing its structural parameters. To achieve this, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the section is modeled using LUSAS software, which allows for a detailed analysis of the section's behavior under varying loads and conditions. It involves the variation in web opening size, opening layout, opening rotation angle and the tapering ratio. Eigenvalue buckling analysis is adopted to know the parametric effects of each 108 model. The size of opening varies from 0.2 to 0.5 d of the total depth where the opening located. There are three type of layouts applied in this study, which are the layouts A, B and C. There are three types of rotation angles for the ellipse-shaped opening, including the non-rotated vertical opening and two additional types formed by rotating the opening 45 degrees clockwise and counterclockwise around the center-point of the ellipse. A fixed-free boundary condition was applied, resulting in a simulation of a cantilever beam. The models are fixed at one end with a larger depth, and free at the other end with a smaller depth. Loading condition is an application of 10 kN/m uniform distributed load in the direction of gravity along the mid-span of the top flange.

Findings

It is observed that the model 82 with Layout A, tapering ratio 0.3, opening size 0.5 d and opening rotated in 45 degree anti-clockwise direction results in the highest structural efficiency among the 108 models. Therefore, the buckling moment of model 82 is 1,013.08 kNm with structural efficiency of 481.26, which shows an increase of 3.17% compared to the controlled model.

Originality/value

The FEA results shows a significant increase in ductility and stiffness of the tapered steel section with elipse shape opening and consequently changes in the behaviour of yield point.