bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wine as a signifier of kinship in Bulgarian folklore epics
Authors: Vukov Nikolai
Published: December 2013

The article analyses the specific function that wine drinking has in Bulgarian epic songs as a step in the procedure of rediscovering a kinship relationship with a lost brother or sister. On the basis of various epic situations of competition in wine drinking and wine betting, the text outlines the meaning of wine as a signifier of (re)establishing a kinship relationship, which is among the representative ones for the system of kinship relationships in Bulgarian folklore epics.
Changing vineyard communities and post-peasant viticulture and viniculture
Authors: Illés Péter
Published: December 2013

The once flourishing viticulture and viniculture in the Vasi-Hegyhát ethnological-historical micro-region, located in the western part of Hungary, extending from the Göcsej hills in the Southwestern Transdanubian region, and the edges of the Őrség micro-region to the Kemenesalja micro-region, has deteriorated to merely providing the needs of families. The survival of historical viticulture and viniculture in families, based on self-owned small peasant farms, has become increasingly doubtful since 1990. New generations in villages, succeeding many active wine-making generations, are less keen on wine-making. Lacking motivation and the necessary time and money is an obstacle to the cultivation or development of vineyards on hereditary plots. Vineyards in the Vasi-Hegyhát region are characteristic and inseparable elements of this micro-region and the whole Southwestern Transdanubian area, even if they do not produce quality wines. In Vas, Zala and Somogy counties wine-press houses [pince], consisting of two or three rooms [derék], with walls made of clay, wood, or sometimes stone standing on some tens of hectares of land and their use in their original function are relics of peasant culture in harmony with the landscape. The existing problems and their circumstances deeply affect, one could even say, they reflect the essence of the recent restructuring of local societies in Western Transdanubia. This essay attempts to present the recent situation of peasant viniculture, representing a unique environmental and human value, and its role within communities through the example of the vineyards of two villages, Sótony and Oszkó. The attempts of these small villages — closely linked to vineyards, yet having a different relation to traditions — to find their way help to understand the processes occurring today in rural (civil) societies.
“Already in the time of the Celts...” Strategies for the construction and representation of cultural heritage seen in the example of wine brotherhoods in Hungary
Authors: Mód László
Published: December 2013

The author examines strategies for the construction and representation of heritage in connection with the wine brotherhoods that are an integral part of modern wine culture. The choice of name frequently involves Latin expressions that reveal the communities’ attitude to the past as they wish to create a link with a particular historical period. The symbols often combine totally unrelated historical events, ages and tangible relics remote from each other in time that can be linked not only to the local grape and wine culture but also in the wider sense to the past of the region or settlement. The celebrations and rites of the wine brotherhoods can also be instruments for the construction of heritage by manifesting different traditions.
Photovoltaic Characterization of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Natural Dyes using Synthesized ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Karki I. B. , Chatterjee S. , Nakarmi J. J. , Sinha D. , Goswami D. , Mandal P. K.
Published: December 2013

Considerable attention was created over the past decade on Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a viable alternate technology for renewable energy. Much attention was attracted due to their high efficiencies and potentially low production costs. In this paper, DSSCs with natural dyes were successfully synthesized using ZnO nanostructures. ZnO nanorods were grown on an ITO coated glass using sol-gel method and used to fabricate DSSCs using natural dyes and liquid potassium iodide (KI3) electrolyte. Different natural dye were analyzed for its suitability to be used in DSSC and subsequently used to fabricate the cell. Finally the photovoltaic properties of the ZnO based DSSC samples were systematically analyzed. Roles of new sensitizer dye were investigated and the results were compared. The ZnO nanorods grown by the sol-gel method have more uniform thickness. The DSSC structure with Carbon counter electrode yields an open circuit voltage markedly higher from DSSC on an ITO glass and has energy conversion efficiency less than 2%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9336Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page: 56-62 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Zanthoxylum Armatum of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Sushika , Gyawali Anuradha
Published: December 2013

Phytochemical and biological screening of stem extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum of Nepal were carried out. Presence of sterols, triterpenes, volatile oils, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonic glycosides, saponins and tannins were detected in phytochemical screening. β-sitosterol and lupeol were isolated from the hexane fraction and β-sitosterol glucoside was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. Lupeol was identified by comparison of melting point, Co-TLC and 1H-NMR spectrum with authentic sample. β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside were characterized by their melting points and Co-TLC with authentic samples. In brine-shrimp bioassay, hexane and methanol fractions exhibited bioactivity, whereas ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed proper bioactivity in antimicrobial bioassay.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9339Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  71-77 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013
The chemical compositions of Rhododendron arboreum, “Laligunras”
Authors: Shrestha Roshani M. , Budhathoki Narendra Pratapsingh
Published: December 2013

Rhododendron arboreum, family Ericaceae, is a medium size tree 7-14m height or shrub, Widely distributed in Nepal all along sub-tropical and temperate regions from 1200-3300m, the Rhododendron arboreum is known as ‘Gunras’ in Nepali. R. arboreum was declared of Nepal’s national flower in 1962 by government of Nepal. The chemical compositions of the wood (stem) Of Rhododendron arboreum has been investigated on the basis of useful methods of Tappi & ASTM. The main chemical compositions were:-Ash content (0.75%), Extractives (4.39%), Hollocelluloses (69.82%), Hemicelluloses (22%), alpha-celluloses (47.98%), Pentosans (16.84%), & Lignins (24.88%). The Lignins were analyzed by UV &IR. Similarly, the fatty acid compositions of extractives were analyzed by GC/MS. The main fatty acid compositions were: Butanoic acid, Pentanoic acid, 4-Heptenoic acid, & 8-Nonynoic acid in extractives. The solubility of wood in various solvents is a measure of extraneous components content. The solubility of different solvents were: - in cold water (7.02%), Hot water (8.47%), & 1% NaOH (19%). The high percentage of alpha celluloses in chemical compositions shows prospective use as a raw material for paper production along with Danphebholua (Lokta) in cottage industries of Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9376Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  97-106 Uploaded date: 12/19/2013
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Usnea Orientalis and Rhododendron Campanulatum of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Sushika , Bastola Pradip
Published: December 2013

Phytochemical and biological screening of Usnea orientalis and Rhododendron campanulatum were carried out. The brine shrimp bioassay showed that the ethereal and methanolic extract of Usnea orientalis and the methanolic extract of Rhododendron campanulatum were biologically active. Antibacterial susceptibility studies of various extracts showed that the ethereal extract of Usnea orientalis and methanolic extract of Rhododendron campanulatum have antibacterial properties towards both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Two major constituents usnic acid and diffractaic acid from the ethereal extract of Usnea orientalis have been isolated and identified by their melting points, Co-TLC| and 1H-NMR spectra comparison with authentic samples. The other two compounds viz. atranorin and eumitrin have been identified by Co-TLC and melting points comparison with the authentic samples. Diffractaic acid was isolated from Usnea orientalis. Usnic acid showed inhibition towards gram positive bacteria i.e. S. aureus. The brine shrimp bioassay of pure isolated compounds showed that usnic acid, diffractaic acid and atranorin were biologically and pharmacologically active.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9382Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page: 118-122 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
NGF and VEGF Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cell Fate: New Evidence from an Animal Model of Diabetes
Authors: Mantelli Flavio , Lambiase Alessandro , Colafrancesco Valeria , Rocco Maria Luisa , Macchi Ilaria , Aloe Luigi
Published: December 2013

Purpose:

To investigate if the survival effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) eyedrops on retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) are related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

Diabetes was induced in adult rats by streptozotocin injection and changes in the NGF/TrkA and VEGF retina levels were related to the progression of RGC loss. Diabetic rats were subjected to administration of NGF eyedrops or intraocular injection of anti-NGF antibody. All morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed on whole retinas dissected after 7 or 11 weeks after diabetes induction.

Results:

Diabetes was successfully induced in rats as shown by glycemic levels >250 mg/dL. The NGF levels increased in diabetic retinas at 7 weeks and decreased at 11 weeks, while VEGF levels increased at all time points. The RGC loss in diabetic retinopathy worsened with anti-NGF administration, which did not alter retina VEGF levels significantly. Administration of NGF eyedrops restored TrkA levels in the retina, and protected RGCs from degeneration without influencing VEGF levels.

Conclusions:

The early increase of NGF in diabetic retina might be an endogenous response for protecting RGCs from degeneration. This protective mechanism is impaired at 11 weeks following diabetes induction, and results in a marked RGC degeneration that is improved by exogenous NGF administration and worsened by anti-NGF. The observed NGF-induced neuroprotection on damaged RGCs was not associated with changes in VEGF retina levels, which were constantly high in diabetic rats and were not altered by anti-NGF administration.
Arteriovenous Fistula Creation Using the Optiflow™ Vascular Anastomotic Connector: The Open (Optiflow PatEncy and MaturatioN) Study
Authors: Chemla Eric , Tavakoli Afshin , Nikam Milind , Mitra Sandip , Malete Tlou , Evans Jackie , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir
Published: December 2013

Purpose

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred form of vascular access for hemodialysis. However, non-maturation and patency are major clinical problems. The Optiflow™ device is an implantable anastomotic connector used to standardize the creation of an AVF. Studies have suggested that the geometry of the anastomosis and experience of the surgeon impact patency and maturation rates. The Optiflow serves as a surgical template whereby the geometry and flow path of the anastomosis are predetermined. This prospective study was intended to evaluate maturation, patency and safety of the Optiflow.

Methods

Forty-one upper arm AVFs were created in 41 end-stage renal disease patients using the Optiflow device at two investigational sites. Patients were followed for 90 days with serial Doppler ultrasounds performed at approximately 14, 42 and 90 days to determine AVF maturation. The primary performance endpoint was unassisted maturation, defined as an outflow vein that was equal to or greater than 5 mm in diameter, and with flow equal to or greater than 500 mL/min without the need for any intervention intended to promote or maintain maturation. The primary safety endpoint was the rate of device-related serious adverse events.

Results

Unassisted maturation rates were 76%, 72% and 68% and unassisted patency rates were 93%, 88% and 78%, at 14, 42 and 90 days, respectively. There were no device-related serious adverse events.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the Optiflow is safe for its intended use and could play an important role in enhancing AVF maturation while standardizing the anastomotic technique.
Focal Therapy in Urology: Kidney Cancer
Authors: Crestani Alessandro , Spreafico Carlo , Maffezzini Massimo , Salvioni Roberto
Published: December 2013

Focal therapy has gained attention in the treatment of small renal masses (SRM). However, its use is limited due to scarce data on long-term outcomes. The availability of such data is significantly lower as compared to the relevant data on surgery outcomes. At the same time, minimally invasive surgery has seen the development of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery and, recently, robot-assisted surgery. Our purpose is to review the possibilities of treatment for SMR with particular attention on focal therapy. Clinical series and comprehensive reviews support safety and mid/long-term efficacy of renal cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation. Comparative studies and meta-analysis outlined oncological inferiority against partial nephrectomy in local tumor control. For smaller and more peripheral lesions, radiofrequency ablation showed best indications than cryoablation. There are significant demographic and tumor differences between patients treated by one or another approach. The correct indication for each treatment seems to be of key importance to achieve the best oncological and functional outcome. Open partial nephrectomy remains the gold standard treatment for PMR, but laparoscopic approaches have been showing similar results.
Reported Increase in Substance Use Following Mass Terrorism and the Role of Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Eliashar Roi , Zilberstein Tanya , Shmulewitz Dvora , Skvirsky Vera , Vider Merav , Lev-Ran Shaul
Published: July 2024

Importance

Research has shown evidence of increased substance use (ISU) in populations affected by mass terrorism; however, less is known regarding how psychosocial factors interact to estimate ISU following such events.

Objective

To examine which factors are associated with reporting ISU, test whether psychological distress (PD) mediated the association between exposure to trauma and reporting ISU, and whether the mediation effect differed among those with prior mental health (MH) difficulties and those without.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A partially representative cross-sectional survey of the adult Jewish population in Israel (aged 18-70 years) was conducted 4 weeks after October 7, 2023 (October 31 to November 5, 2023). A national Web panel using quotas based on national distributions was used. Randomly chosen adult Jewish members were invited to participate until a predetermined sample size was reached.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The study measures included reporting ISU (outcome), PD (mediator), exposure to terror events and sociodemographic characteristics (variables), and prior MH difficulties (moderator). Hypotheses regarding outcome and variables were formulated before data collection.

Results

A total of 7000 invitations were distributed, 2679 individuals consented, 1432 were excluded owing to quota limits, 74 failed attention tests, and 205 opted out, resulting in 968 participants (490 women [50.6%]; mean [SD] age, 41.5 [14.6] years). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that participants were significantly more likely to report ISU if they had experienced direct exposure (odds ratio [OR], 5.75; 95% CI, 2.53 to 13.05), indirect exposure (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.67), media exposure (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.36), PD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.25), or previous MH difficulties (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.86 to 4.09). PD partially mediated the association between indirect exposure (b = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.31) and media exposure (b = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.19) and reporting ISU. No evidence was found to support previous MH difficulties as a moderator of these indirect effects (indirect exposure, b = −0.003; 95% CI, −0.28 to 0.28; media exposure, b = 0.01; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.08).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study contributes to the research on the association of mass terrorism with ISU while shedding important light on the role it may play in the self-medication of PD following exposure, even in those who might have no previous MH difficulties. These insights are crucial for planning essential health services and preventive measures.
Lithiophilic V2CTx/MoO3 Hosts with Electronic/Ionic Dual Conductive Gradients for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Yao Wei , Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Xiao , Luo Juhua , Wang Jinshan , He Meng , Chen Chi , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Xu Jianguang
Published: July 2024

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as a promising anode material for high‐energy batteries; yet, its practical application is hindered by uncontrolled Li dendrite growth, especially at a high rate. Herein, a dual conductive gradient V2CTx/MoO3 (DG‐V2CTx/MoO3) host that integrates electronic/ionic conductive gradients and lithiophilicity is prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly for dendrite‐free Li anodes. Gradient LiF deriving from different amount of V2CTx endows a good ionic conductive gradient; while, MoO3 is regarded as a spacer to avoid the restacking of V2CTx, increasing space for Li deposition. The dual conductive gradients effectively optimize the current density and Li+ flux distribution at the bottom, achieving fast reduction of Li+ and a “bottom–up” Li deposition mode. Meanwhile, the lithiophilic V2CTx and MoO3 guide the homogeneous Li growth. As a result, the symmetrical half‐cells based on DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li anodes conduct 700 h at 5 mAh cm−2 and 20 mA cm−2. The DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li||LiFePO4 full‐cells maintain a capacity retention of 85.4% after 1350 cycles at 2 C. Remarkably, the DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full‐cells can run 150 cycles with 80.6% capacity retention even at harsh conditions. The well‐adjusted materials and structures with both dual conductive gradients and lithiophilic properties will bring inspiration for novel material design of other metal batteries.
Rapid and Controllable Multilayer Cell Sheet Assembly via Biodegradable Nanochannel Membranes
Authors: Yang Letao , Rathnam Christopher , Hou Yannan , Patel Misaal , Cai Li , Lee Ki‐Bum
Published: July 2024

The ability to precisely arrange and control the assembly of diverse cell types into intricate 3D structures remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering. Herein, a versatile and programmable 3D cell sheet assembly is described technology by developing a biodegradable nanochannel (BNC) membrane to fulfill this unmet need. This membrane, hierarchically assembled from 2D nanomaterial aggregates, exhibits both exceptional fluid permeability and rapid biodegradation under physiological conditions. The unique properties of the BNC membrane enable precise spatial and temporal control over cell assembly, facilitating the creation of complex 3D cellular architectures. The BNC membrane is integrated with a programmable negative‐pressure‐based cell assembly strategy to form single and multicellular 3D sheets in a highly controllable manner. To demonstrate the feasibility and translatability of this technology in the field of tissue engineering approaches to screen stem cell‐derived therapeutics with “core–shell” macrophage‐fibroblast multicellular patterns and treat murine diabetic skin wounds via scaffold‐free 3D adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) sheets are devised. In summary, the results demonstrate that the BNC membrane‐based 3D cell sheet assembly approach significantly advances current tissue engineering capabilities, offering substantial potential for both regenerative medicine applications and the development of physiologically relevant disease models.
Self‐Doped Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors to Tune the Threshold Voltage and the Mode of Operation in Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Hungenberg Julian , Hochgesang Adrian , Meichsner Florian , Thelakkat Mukundan
Published: July 2024

Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors with tunable doping, low threshold voltages, and air stability are crucial for bioelectronic applications. A homopolymer based on an alkoxy thiophene monomer and its copolymer with a thiophene carrying ethylene glycol side chains are synthesized and converted to self‐doped conjugated polyelectrolytes, P3HOTS‐TMA+, and P3HOTS‐TMA+‐co‐P3MEEET. The self‐doping occurs during the conversion to polyelectrolytes. Both polyelectrolytes show high electrical conductivity without any external dopants. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry confirm excellent air stability of the doped state. In an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), the P3HOTS‐TMA+ operates in depletion mode, while P3HOTS‐TMA+‐co‐P3MEEET exhibits accumulation mode of operation with low threshold voltage, both showing fast response times. On the other hand, the non‐doped homopolymer, P3MEEET, shows a high negative threshold voltage in accumulation mode. Thus, copolymerization with the self‐dopable monomer changes the mode of operation as well as the threshold voltage substantially. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a considerable reduction of the hole injection barrier for the self‐doped system P3HOTS‐TMA+. Mott‐Schottky analysis shows reduction in charge carrier concentration in the copolymer compared to the homopolymer. Thus, the copolymerization strategy with a self‐dopable monomer is an efficient tool for tuning the degree of doping leading to low threshold voltage in OECTs.
Modular Fabrication of Microfluidic Graphene FET for Nucleic Acids Biosensing
Authors: Zhang Qiongdi , Hao Yuxuan , Zeng Tonghua , Shu Weiliang , Xue Pan , Li Yang , Huang Chi , Ouyang Liwei , Zou Xuming , Zhao Zhen , Wang Jiahong , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zhou Wenhua
Published: July 2024

Graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) are widely used in biosensing due to their excellent properties in biomolecular signal amplification, exhibiting great potential for high‐sensitivity and point‐of‐care testing in clinical diagnosis. However, difficulties in complicated fabrication steps are the main limitations for the further studies and applications of GFETs. In this study, a modular fabrication technique is introduced to construct microfluidic GFET biosensors within 3 independent steps. The low‐melting metal electrodes and intricate flow channels are incorporated to maintain the structural integrity of graphene and facilitate subsequent sensing operations. The as‐fabricated GFET biosensor demonstrates excellent long‐term stability, and performs effectively in various ion environments. It also exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting single‐stranded nucleic acids at a 10 fm concentration. Furthermore, when combined with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, it facilitates amplification‐free and rapid detection of nucleic acids at a concentration of 1 fm. Thus, it is believed that this modular‐fabricated microfluidic GFET may shed light on further development of FET‐based biosensors in various applications.
Histopathologic evaluation of Asian‐American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Hur Kevin , Jafari Aria , Ahmed Omar G. , Chen Philip G. , Takashima Masayoshi , Chang Elena E. , Balzer Bonnie , Matthew Anna , Xu Haodong , Divatia Mukul , Tam Benjamin , Robledo Juliana , Amin Luv , Cvancara David J. , Kinua Amisheila , Syed Tariq A. , Paderin Dominique L. , Tang Dennis M.
Published: July 2024

Key points

Asian‐American (AA) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have comparable rates of tissue eosinophilia compared to Caucasians when defined as >10 eosinophils/high‐powered field (HPF).

AA patients with CRSwNP have significantly higher incidence of mixed inflammation defined as >10 eosinophils/HPF and >10 neutrophils/HPF.
A Coupling‐Induced Assembly Strategy for Constructing Artificial Shell on Mitochondria in Living Cells
Authors: Song Ben‐Li , Wang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Guang‐Xu , Yi Ning‐Bo , Zhang Ying‐Jin , Zhou Lei , Guan Ying‐Hua , Zhang Xue‐Hao , Zheng Wen‐Fu , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao
Published: July 2024

The strategy of in vivo self‐assembly has been developed for improved enrichment and long‐term retention of anticancer drug in tumor tissues. However, most self‐assemblies with non‐covalent bonding interactions are susceptible to complex physiological environments, leading to weak stability and loss of biological function. Here, we develop a coupling‐induced assembly (CIA) strategy to generate covalently crosslinked nanofibers, which is applied for in situ constructing artificial shell on mitochondria. The oxidation‐responsive peptide‐porphyrin conjugate P1 is synthesized, which self‐assemble into nanoparticles. Under the oxidative microenvironment of mitochondria, the coupling of thiols in P1 causes the formation of dimers, which is further ordered and stacked into crosslinked nanofibers. As a result, the artificial shell is constructed on the mitochondria efficiently through multivalent cooperative interactions due to the increased binding sites. Under ultrasound (US) irradiation, the porphyrin molecules in the shell produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act on the adjacent mitochondrial membrane, exhibiting ~2‐fold higher antitumor activity than nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the mitochondria‐targeted CIA strategy provides a novel perspective on improved sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and shows potential applications in antitumor therapies.
Thermal Effect Management via Entropy Variation Strategy to Improve the Catalyst Stability in Acetylene Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Zhang Yijun , Wang Jiayi , Wang Qian , Xu Haoxiang , Li Dianqing , Feng Junting , Duan Xue
Published: July 2024

The dynamic structure evolution of heterogeneous catalysts during reaction has gained great attention recently. However, controllably manipulating dynamic process and then feeding back catalyst design to extend the lifetime remains challenging. Herein, we proposed an entropy variation strategy to develop a dynamic CuZn−Co/HEOs catalyst, in which the non‐active Co nano‐islands play a crucial role in controlling thermal effect via timely capturing and utilizing reaction heat generated on the adjacent active CuZn alloys, thus solving the deactivation problem of Cu‐based catalysts. Specifically, heat sensitive Co nano‐islands experienced an entropy increasing process of slowly redispersion during the reaction. Under such heat dissipation effect, the CuZn−Co/HEOs catalyst exhibited 95.7 % ethylene selectivity and amazing long‐term stability (>530 h) in the typical exothermic acetylene hydrogenation. Aiming at cultivating it as a catalyst with promising industrial potential, we proposed a simple regeneration approach via an entropy decreasing process.
Upconversion Luminescence in a Photostable Ion‐Paired Yb−Eu Heteronuclear Complex
Authors: Lu Wen , Yan Wenchao , Guo Ruoyao , Zheng Jiayin , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

Lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes have potential application in diverse fields and attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, the similar coordination reactivity of lanthanide ions has constrained the designability of target molecule with well‐defined structure, and many attempts obtained statistical mixtures. Herein, an ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] (TpPy=tris[3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolyl]hydroborate, ND=3‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐1,5‐naphthyridin‐4‐olate) was designed and synthesized. Thanks to the radius difference between Eu3+ (1.07 Å) and Yb3+ (0.98 Å) ions, the hexadentate TpPy ligand was selected to coordinate with Eu3+ and the Yb3+ with a smaller radius was chelated by bidentate ND ligand. As a result, the sites of Eu3+ and Yb3+ in the complex can be clarified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and single‐crystal structure analysis. Upon the excitation of Yb3+ at 980 nm, the upconversion emission of Eu3+ was realized through a cooperative sensitization process. Furthermore, [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] demonstrated excellent photostability during continuous high‐power density 980 nm laser irradiation, with a LT95 (the time to 95 % of the initial emission intensity) of 420 minutes. This work provides the first example of a pure ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex upconversion system and may bring insights into rational design of lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes.
An Active and Regenerable Nanometric High‐Entropy Catalyst for Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhou Shu‐Zhen , Li Wen‐Cui , He Bowen , Xie Ya‐Dong , Wang Haowei , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei , Wei Jiake , Lu An‐Hui
Published: July 2024

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is crucial for propylene production, but commercially employed Pt‐based catalysts face susceptibility to deactivation due to the Pt sintering during reaction and regeneration steps. Here, we report a SiO2 supported nanometric (MnCoCuZnPt) high‐entropy PDH catalyst with high activity and stability. The catalyst exhibited a super high propane conversion of 56.6 % with 94 % selectivity of propylene at 600 °C. The propylene productivity reached 68.5 molC3H6 ⋅ gPt−1 ⋅ h−1, nearly three times that of Pt/SiO2 (23.5 molC3H6 ⋅ gPt−1 ⋅ h−1) under a weight hourly space velocity of 60 h−1. In a high‐entropy nanoparticle, Pt atoms were atomically dispersed through coordination with other metals and exhibited a positive charge, thereby showcasing remarkable catalytic activity. The high‐entropy effect contributes to the catalyst a superior stability with a low deactivation constant of 0.0004 h−1 during 200 hours of reaction under the industrial gas composition at 550 °C. Such high‐entropy PDH catalyst is easy regenerated through simple air combustion of deposited coke. After the fourth consecutive regeneration cycle, satisfactory catalytic stability was observed, and the element distribution of spent catalysts almost returned to their initial state, with no detectable Pt sintering. This work provides new insights into designing active, stable, and regenerable novel PDH catalysts.
Asymmetric Cu−N1O3 Sites Coupling Atop‐type and Bridge‐type Adsorbed *C1 for Electrocatalytic CO2‐to‐C2 Conversion
Authors: Wang Changli , Lv Zunhang , Liu Yarong , Dai Lu , Liu Rui , Sun Caiting , Liu Weiyi , Feng Xiao , Yang Wenxiu , Wang Bo
Published: July 2024

2D functional porous frameworks offer a platform for studying the structure–activity relationships during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Yet challenges still exist to breakthrough key limitations on site configuration (typical M−O4 or M−N4 units) and product selectivity (common CO2‐to‐CO conversion). Herein, a novel 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) with planar asymmetric N/O mixed coordinated Cu−N1O3 unit is constructed, labeled as BIT‐119. When applied to CO2RR, BIT‐119 could reach a CO2‐to‐C2 conversion with C2 partial current density ranging from 36.9 to 165.0 mA cm−2 in flow cell. Compared to the typical symmetric Cu−O4 units, asymmetric Cu−N1O3 units lead to the re‐distribution of local electron structure, regulating the adsorption strength of several key adsorbates and the following catalytic selectivity. From experimental and theoretical analyses, Cu−N1O3 sites could simultaneously couple the atop‐type (on Cu site) and bridge‐type (on Cu−N site) adsorption of *C1 species to reach the CO2‐to‐C2 conversion. This work broadens the feasible C−C coupling mechanism on 2D functional porous frameworks.
Methoxide‐Enabled Zirconium‐Catalyzed Migratory Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Luongo Orsola A. , Lemmerer Miran , Albers Sanne L. , Streuff Jan
Published: July 2024

A zirconocene dichloride‐catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation is reported that can be applied to non‐activated and conjugated terminal and internal alkenes. It involves a catalytic Zr‐walk process and leads to a selective conversion to the linear product. Lithium methoxide serves as mild catalyst activating agent, which significantly increases the applicability and operational simplicity in comparison to earlier zirconium(II)‐based protocols. Supported by additional experiments and calculations, a mechanism via zirconium(IV) intermediates is proposed. Due to the benign nature and ready‐availability of the zirconium catalyst, the reaction is an attractive alternative to established alkene hydrosilylation methods.
A machine learning algorithm for the automatic classification of Phytophthora infestans genotypes into clonal lineages
Authors: Patarroyo Camilo , Dupas Stéphane , Restrepo Silvia
Published: July 2024

Premise

The prompt categorization of Phytophthora infestans isolates into described clonal lineages is a key tool for the management of its associated disease, potato late blight. New isolates of this pathogen are currently classified by comparing their microsatellite genotypes with characterized clonal lineages, but an automated classification tool would greatly improve this process. Here, we developed a flexible machine learning–based classifier for P. infestans genotypes.

Methods

The performance of different machine learning algorithms in classifying P. infestans genotypes into its clonal lineages was preliminarily evaluated with decreasing amounts of training data. The four best algorithms were then evaluated using all collected genotypes.

Results

mlpML, cforest, nnet, and AdaBag performed best in the preliminary test, correctly classifying almost 100% of the genotypes. AdaBag performed significantly better than the others when tested using the complete data set (Tukey HSD P < 0.001). This algorithm was then implemented in a web application for the automated classification of P. infestans genotypes, which is freely available at https://github.com/cpatarroyo/genotypeclas.

Discussion

We developed a gradient boosting–based tool to automatically classify P. infestans genotypes into its clonal lineages. This could become a valuable resource for the prompt identification of clonal lineages spreading into new regions.
Electrospun Quasi‐Composite Polymer Electrolyte with Hydoxyl‐Anchored Aluminosilicate Zeolitic Network for Dendrite Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Johnson Jenny , Sasirajan Littleflower Sajan Raj , Vediappan Kumaran , Annal Therese Helen
Published: July 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries have reshaped emerging safe battery technologies. However, their low metal ion transport and unstable electrode electrolyte interface make their mass production a huge question. To bridge the emerging solid state and traditional liquid electrolytes, we focus on Quasi‐Composite Polymer electrolytes (QCPE). Herein, we develop QCPE with active 3D alumino‐silicate zeolitic ion conduction pathways embedded in a polymer matrix using two techniques‐ solution casting and electrospinning. Electrospun QCPE outperforms Solution cast QCPE by achieving high amorphous behavior. Prompt elimination of solvent during electrospinning decreases bulk resistance and increases its ionic conductivity. The Zeolitic pathway anchored by hydroxyl groups of PVA polymer acts as a highway for Li+ ions. It exhibits highly stable platting stripping vs Li+/Li for 450 hours with low overpotential, confirming the interfacial compatibility and dendrite‐free cycling at lithium metal anode. Controlled lithium‐ion nucleation regulated by evenly distributed zeolitic pathway is an interesting front of this work. To test QCPE's performance in Lithium metal battery (LMB), the electrospun QCPE is used to fabricate LMB with LiFePO4 cathode. This battery system delivered a high capacity of 155 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. In addition to the high performance, electrospun QCPE production is scalable at an industrial scale.
Prevalence and characteristics of osseous bridging between vertebral bodies in the cervical spine: A skeletal study
Authors: Ezra David , Mader Reuven , Yosef Arthur , Kalichman Leonid , Salame Khalil , Amiel Aliza , Alperovitch‐Najenson Deborah
Published: July 2024

Osseous bridging (OB) in three or more segments of motions (SOMs) of the mobile spine was initially defined as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), located particularly in the thoracic spine (T‐spine). This pathological phenomenon is often characterized by calcification and ossification, which take place simultaneously or separately. The soft tissues, mainly ligaments and entheses, are calcified, with bone formation not originating from the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL). DISH formation can involve osteophytes, which are created by the ossification process and can involve soft tissue such as the ALL. The ALL can also be calcified. Until recently, the prevalence of DISH in the general population was considered low (0%–5%) and rare in the cervical spine (C‐spine). In a cross‐sectional observational skeletal study, we investigated the prevalence and location of C‐spine OB between vertebral bodies with fewer than three SOMs. We tested a large sample (n = 2779) of C‐spines housed in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Ohio, USA). The human sources of the samples had died between the years 1912 and 1938 and represented both sexes and two different ethnic groups: Black Americans and White Americans. The process development can be seen on the ALLs as calcification, osteophytosis, and candle‐shaped. Among all of the specimens, 139 (5%) were affected by OB, mostly in one SOM. Prevalence tended to be higher in women, White Americans, and the older age group. The levels most affected were C3–C4, followed by C2–C3 and subsequently, C5–C6. OB involving two consecutive SOMs was found only at C5–C7. We believe it is important to respond to the presence of a single SOM with a presumptive diagnosis of OB and to follow up, identify whether the diagnosis is correct, and take preventive action if possible. There is a need for updated diagnostic criteria and research approaches that reflect contemporary lifestyle factors and their impact on spine health.
Identification of core competencies for exercise oncology professionals: A Delphi study of United States and Australian participants
Authors: Kennedy Mary A. , Wood Kelley Covington , Campbell Anna , Potiaumpai Melanie , Wilson Christopher M. , Schwartz Anna L. , Gorzelitz Jessica , Caru Maxime , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Integration of exercise into standard oncology care requires a highly skilled workforce of exercise professionals; however, competency requirements have not kept pace with advancements in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain consensus on core competencies required for an exercise professional to be qualified to work with adults undergoing active cancer treatment.

Materials and Methods

A three‐round modified electronic Delphi process was used. In Round 1, an international group of 64 exercise oncology stakeholders (i.e., exercise oncology professionals (n = 29), clinical referrers (n = 21), and people with lived experience (n = 14)) responded to open‐ended prompts eliciting perspectives regarding competencies needed for an exercise oncology professional to work with adults receiving active cancer treatment. Subsequently, only exercise oncology professionals participated, ranking the importance of competencies. In Round 2, professionals received summary feedback, ranked new competencies generated from open‐ended responses, and reranked competencies not reaching consensus. In the final round, professionals finalized consensus ranking and rated frequency and mastery level for each.

Results

Consensus was reached on 103 core competencies required for exercise professionals to be qualified to deliver care to adults undergoing active cancer treatment. The core competencies represent 10 content areas and reflect the needs of clinical referrers and people with lived experience of receiving cancer treatment.

Conclusions

The core competencies identified reflect significant advancements in the field of exercise oncology. Results will underpin the development of education, certification, and employment requirements for exercise oncology professionals, providing a critical step toward achieving routine integration of exercise into standard oncology care.
Caucasian validation of downstaging from IIB to IIA in T1N1M0 patients within the 9th edition of the non‐small cell lung cancer tumor‐node‐metastasis staging
Authors: Cai Jingsheng , Li Yun , Yang Feng
Published: July 2024

Background

The 9th edition of the lung cancer tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging introduced adjustments, including the reclassification of T1N1M0 patients from stage IIB to IIA. This update used data mostly from Asian populations. However, the applicability of these adjustments to Caucasian patients remains uncertain.

Methods

Stage II non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log‐rank testing compared overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced baseline characteristics. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐based Cox analyses identified prognostic factors.

Results

Among 10,470 eligible stage II NSCLC patients (median age: 69 years; male: 53.1%), there were 2736 in stage IIA, 2112 in IIA New, and 5622 in IIB groups. Before PSM, survival outcomes of stage IIA New patients were similar to those of stage IIA patients but better than those of stage IIB. After PSM, stage IIA New and IIB patients showed similar survival rates (OS, p = 0.276; CSS, p = 0.565). Conversely, stage IIA New patients had worse outcomes than stage IIA patients (OS, p < 0.001; CSS, p = 0.005). LASSO‐based Cox analyses confirmed stage IIA New patients had inferior prognosis compared to stage IIA patients (OS HR: 1 vs. 1.325, p < 0.001; CSS HR: 1 vs. 1.327, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The downstaging of T1N1M0 patients from stage IIB to IIA in the 9th edition TNM staging remains unverified in Caucasians. Caution is warranted in assessing the staging and prognosis of these individuals. Further validation of our findings is necessary.
Association of lifestyle modification with the development of cardiovascular disease in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kim Bokyung , Han Kyungdo , Cho Soo‐Jeong
Published: July 2024

Background

While cancer patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of modifiable risk factors remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether lifestyle modifications affect CVD development in gastric cancer patients who undergo surgery.

Methods

Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery from 2010 to 2017 were identified. Lifestyle behaviours, surveyed within 2 years before and after surgery were analysed. Incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke, was compared among subgroups of lifestyle behaviour changes.

Results

Among 22,211 gastrectomy patients, 628 (2.8%) developed CVD (5.68/1000 person‐years). Persistent smokers (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33–2.22) and new smokers (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04–3.30) faced higher CVD risks than non‐smokers, with an especially pronounced risk in persistent‐smoking females (HR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.20–12.62). Smoking cessation showed no significant risk difference compared to non‐smokers (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.93–1.43). Female new drinkers had a higher CVD risk than non‐drinking females (HR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.06–7.88), while men did not show such association. Changes in physical activity, when compared to physical inactivity, were not associated with CVD risk.

Conclusion

Gastric cancer patients who smoked after surgery were more likely to develop CVD irrespective of their prior smoking status, with a notable vulnerability in persistent female smokers. Smoking cessation could potentially mitigate CVD risk to levels observed in non‐smokers. Alcohol intake should be avoided following surgery, especially for female gastric cancer patients.
Evaluation of microcirculatory protection in percutaneous revascularisation: A stent implantation technique and device comparison
Authors: Aetesam‐ur‐Rahman Muhammad , Zhao Tian X. , Paques Kitty , Oliveira Joana , Chiu Yi‐Da , Duckworth Melissa , Khialani Bharat , Kyranis Stephen , Bennett Martin R. , West Nick E. J. , Hoole Stephen P.
Published: July 2024

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is prognostically important and may also be a cause of persistent angina. The stent balloon inflation technique or material properties may influence the degree of CMD post‐PCI.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients with stable angina attending for elective PCI were randomized to either slow drug eluting stent (DES) implantation technique (DES slow group): +2 atm. every 5 s., maintained for a further 30 s or a standard stent implantation technique (DES std group): rapid inflation and deflation. PressureWire X with thermodilution at rest and hyperemia and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed pre‐ and post‐PCI. Combined primary endpoints were changes in index of microvascular resistance (delta IMR) and coronary flow reserve (delta CFR) following PCI. The secondary endpoints included differences in cardiac troponin I (delta cTnI) at 6 h post‐PCI, Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and OCT measures of stent results immediately post‐PCI and at 3 months.

Results

Both groups were well matched, with similar baseline characteristics and OCT‐defined plaque characteristics. Delta IMR was significantly better in the DES slow PCI arm with a median difference of −4.14 (95% CI ‐10.49, −0.39, p = 0.04). Delta CFR was also numerically higher with a median difference of 0.47 (95% CI −0.52, 1.31, p = 0.46). This did not translate to improved delta median cTnI (1.5 (34.8) vs. 0 (27.5) ng/L, p = 0.75) or median SAQ score at 3 months, (85 (20) vs. 95 (17.5), p = 0.47).

Conclusion

Slow stent implantation is associated with less CMD after elective PCI in patients with stable angina.