bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Role for Sensory end Organ-Derived Signals in Regulating Muscle Spindle Proprioceptor Phenotype
Authors: Wu Dawei , Schieren Ira , Qian Yingzhi , Zhang Chaolin , Jessell Thomas M. , de Nooij Joriene C.
Published: March 2019

Proprioceptive feedback from Group Ia/II muscle spindle afferents and Group Ib Golgi tendon afferents is critical for the normal execution of most motor tasks, yet how these distinct proprioceptor subtypes emerge during development remains poorly understood. Using molecular genetic approaches in mice of either sex, we identified 24 transcripts that have not previously been associated with a proprioceptor identity. Combinatorial expression analyses of these markers reveal at least three molecularly distinct proprioceptor subtypes. In addition, we find that 12 of these transcripts are expressed well after proprioceptors innervate their respective sensory receptors, and expression of three of these markers, including the heart development moleculeHeg1, is significantly reduced in mice that lack muscle spindles. These data revealHeg1as a putative marker for proprioceptive muscle spindle afferents. Moreover, they suggest that the phenotypic specialization of functionally distinct proprioceptor subtypes depends, in part, on extrinsic sensory receptor organ-derived signals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory feedback from muscle spindle (MS) and Golgi tendon organ (GTO) sensory end organs is critical for normal motor control, but how distinct MS and GTO afferent sensory neurons emerge during development remains poorly understood. Using (bulk) transcriptome analysis of genetically identified proprioceptors, this work reveals molecular markers for distinct proprioceptor subsets, including some that appear selectively expressed in MS afferents. Detailed analysis of the expression of these transcripts provides evidence that MS/GTO afferent subtype phenotypes may, at least in part, emerge through extrinsic, sensory end organ-derived signals.
The Essay in Space and Time: A Conversation with Filmmaker Mark Cousins
Authors: Ciezadlo Janina
Published: March 2019

Questions in an interview with United Kingdom filmmaker Mark Cousins concern the formal properties and development of nonfiction films taking the shape of essays, rather than documentaries. The relationship between Orson Welles’s films and his lifelong habit of drawing is the subject of Cousin’s latest essay film, The Eyes of Orson Welles. As the interview progresses, the subject shifts to relationships among the arts and the creative process.
Diploid Genome Assembly of the Wine Grape Carménère
Authors: Minio Andrea , Massonnet Mélanie , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , Castro Alvaro , Cantu Dario
Published: March 2019

In this genome report, we describe the sequencing and annotation of the genome of the wine grape Carménère (clone 02, VCR-702). Long considered extinct, this old French wine grape variety is now cultivated mostly in Chile where it was imported in the 1850s just before the European phylloxera epidemic. Genomic DNA was sequenced using Single Molecule Real Time technology and assembled with FALCON-Unzip, a diploid-aware assembly pipeline. To optimize the contiguity and completeness of the assembly, we tested about a thousand combinations of assembly parameters, sequencing coverage, error correction and repeat masking methods. The final scaffolds provide a complete and phased representation of the diploid genome of this wine grape. Comparison of the two haplotypes revealed numerous heterozygous variants, including loss-of-function ones, some of which in genes associated with polyphenol biosynthesis. Comparisons with other publicly available grape genomes and transcriptomes showed the impact of structural variation on gene content differences between Carménère and other wine grape cultivars. Among the putative cultivar-specific genes, we identified genes potentially involved in aroma production and stress responses. The genome assembly of Carménère expands the representation of the genomic variability in grapes and will enable studies that aim to understand its distinctive organoleptic and agronomical features and assess its still elusive extant genetic variability. A genome browser for Carménère, its annotation, and an associated blast tool are available at http://cantulab.github.io/data.
El duelo y cómo dar malas noticias en medicina
Authors: León-Amenero Deborah , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: March 2019

bien no todos los factores que generan un duelo patológico pueden ser controlados, el cómo se da la noticia de la pérdida a la persona es un factor importante, y, por lo tanto, necesario a tener en cuenta. El comunicar malas noticias es una tarea frecuente en el ámbito médico, pudiendo tener un impacto negativo tanto en los pacientes como en sus familiares si no se realiza de una forma adecuada. A pesar de su importancia, en diversos estudios se ha documentado que los estudiantes de medicina y los médicos no han recibido un entrenamiento formal para poder dar malas noticias. En este contexto el presente artículo busca brindarles a los médicos y estudiantes de medicina algunos conceptos precisos sobre estos temas para que puedan aplicarlo a su práctica clínica.
Producción científica asociada al gasto e inversión en investigación en universidades peruanas
Authors: Moquillaza-Alcántara Victor Hugo
Published: March 2019

Introducción. La producción científica del Perú es baja en relación a otros países; se desconoce el impacto de la inversión en dicha producción a nivel nacional. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el gasto e inversión en investigación y la producción científica en temas de salud en universidades peruanas durante el año 2015. Métodos. Estudio observacional de análisis de fuentes secundarias del I Censo Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo a Centros de Investigación del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Concytec), de donde se seleccionó a las universidades peruanas y las publicaciones en el área de ciencias de la salud. Se evaluó la incidencia de riesgo relativo (IRR) crudo y ajustado para determinar el grado de asociación. Resultados. Existe una asociación significativa entre la producción científica y la remuneración a los docentes investigadores (IRR: 0,998; p<0,01), remuneración al personal de apoyo (IRR: 1,023; p<0,01), honorarios a consultores externos (IRR: 0,991; p<0,05), compra de otros servicios (IRR: 1,003; p<0,01) y la inversión en edificios (IRR: 0,998; p<0,01). Conclusiones. La remuneración a docentes investigadores, al personal de apoyo, a consultores externos, compra de otros servicios e inversión en edificios, se asocia a la mayor producción científica en temas de salud en las universidades peruanas.
El sobrepeso, la obesidad y la obesidad abdominal en la población adulta del Perú
Authors: Pajuelo Ramírez Jaime , Torres Aparcana Lizardo , Agüero Zamora Rosa , Bernui Leo Ivonne
Published: March 2019

Introducción. La obesidad es un problema de salud pública; el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia nacional y distribución del sobrepeso(S), obesidad(O) y obesidad abdominal (OA), en el Perú. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional mediante el análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2012-2013 en el que se evaluaron a 20488 adultos. El diagnostico nutricional se determinó considerando el índice de masa corporal según la OMS: 18,5 a 24,9 normal, 25 a <30 sobrepeso, y ≥ a 30 kg/m2 obesidad. Asimismo, para la evaluación de OA se consideró la circunferencia de cintura ≥ 102 cm para varones y ≥ 88 cm para mujeres. Resultados. La prevalencia nacional de sobrepeso fue de 40,5% y de obesidad 19,7%, con un total de 60,2% de población adulta con exceso de peso. El 23,4% de O fueron mujeres y 15,7% varones; la OA en mujeres fue 51,2% y 14,8% en varones Los departamentos con mayor prevalencia de exceso de peso fueron Tacna (73,8%) e Ica (72,2%). Los departamentos con mayor prevalencia de OA fueron Lima, Ica y Lambayeque, con prevalencias superiores al 40%. Se presentó mayor prevalencia de O y OA en mayores de 40 años, en población que vive en la costa, a menos de 1000 msnm y que reside en áreas urbanas. Conclusiones. El 60,2% de población adulta peruana presentó exceso de peso (S y O), predominantemente en Tacna e Ica, incrementándose la prevalencia respecto a lo reportado previamente.
Odontodisplasia regional: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Ruezga-García Claudia Alejandra , Balderrama-Armendáriz Irma Mireya , De la Peña-Lobato Cristina , Cuevas-González Juan Carlos
Published: March 2019

La odontodisplasia regional (OR) es una anomalía del desarrollo poco frecuente, que involucra componentes del ectodermo y el mesodermo, esta alteración afecta tanto dentición temporal como permanente, siendo el maxilar frecuentemente más afectado que la mandíbula. Acude paciente masculino de 13 años por presentar retraso en la erupción de órganos dentarios 21 al 24. A la exploración intraoral los tejidos blandos contaban con características normales, se apreciaba una formación incompleta de los órganos dentarios sin lograr apreciar una distinción en la opacidad entre el esmalte y la dentina, con cámaras pulpares amplias. Se procedió a la extracción quirúrgica de los dientes 21 al 24, un mes posterior a esto se realizó la rehabilitación protésica temporal. La OR es una alteración poco descrita por lo que aún falta esclarecer la etiología y evolución a largo plazo del padecimiento, el dar a conocer los nuevos casos permite ampliar el conocimiento en cuanto a su frecuencia, además de concientizar al profesional de la salud acerca de la presencia y tratamiento de la misma.
Užslėptas tapatybių konfliktas: LDK paveldo diskursai Lietuvos ir Baltarusijos interneto žiniasklaidoje 2013–2014 metais
Authors: Venckūnas Valius
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article is aimed at presenting an insight into national identities as constructed on the basis of the heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the major Lithuanian and Belarusian news sites (2013–2014). By performing content analysis, it was revealed that in the vast majority of news publications, either Lithuania or Belarus, respectively by country of publishing, was considered as the main or only successor of the GDL, although this narrative was not elaborated upon and was seen as self-explanatory. The neighboring state was rarely criticized and its narrative mostly considered as frivolous and not worthy of attention. A lack of contact, discussion and mutual explanation between the Lithuanian and Belarusian narratives in the public sphere means that a conflict between both national identities can be seen as hidden or potential.
Kauno technologijos universiteto bibliotekos vartotojų pasitenkinimo bibliotekos paslaugomis tyrimas
Authors: Tautkevičienė Gintarė , Adomaitytė Gerda
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
Online Media Ethics and the Privacy of Politicians in Kosovo
Authors: Jahiri Muhamet , Gërguri Dren
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in English]

The pluralism of online media outlets, as well as the objective of these outlets to be the first to inform on events, may possibly lead these outlets to disrespect professional ethics. This paper will discuss the theoretical and ethical aspects of online media, its regulatory framework and particular cases when the respect of ethical standards when reporting on issues of privacy was potentially violated. This paper uses the purposive sampling method and comparative methods. The paper will examine a case study (where the intimate images of a politician were published), and whether ethical standards were respected in that particular case.The article reveals that in the context of information provision for a company, strategic and operational controlling are to be considered the most significant ones. Strategic controlling provides information on how to do the right activity, whereas operational controlling – on how an activity can be done right. The goals of a company can be achieved only through both of them. Tactical controlling is what connects strategic controlling to operational controlling; its paradigm can be expressed through two questions: 1) how to do the right activity right? 2) what should be done when a wrong activity is being done or the activity is being done wrongly? Information provision for the answers to these questions would ensure a direct relation and feedback of strategic and operational controlling. After analyzing the typologization of controlling based on its origin, it was identified that the two main schools of controlling practice exist that led to the development of two different models of controlling: the Anglo-Saxon (American) and European (German). An exemplary controlling model adapted for Lithuanian companies was prepared after comparing the American and German controlling models and evaluating them on the basis of the scope of tasks, dominant orientation, the role of the controller, and the information base. On the basis of this adapted model, an individual information provision controlling system can be created for any Lithuanian company. This article analyzes other types of controlling as well, evaluation of which is important when creating an efficient system for controlling information provision in a particular company.
Communication Matters: How Do Visitors Interact with Ethnographic Open-Air Museums?
Authors: Charapan Nadzeya
Published: March 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

Though the concept of an ethnographic open-air museum is not a new one, little is known about the interplay between a visitor and an amalgam museum setting. Ethnographic open-air museums are complex spaces with shared qualities of outdoor sites and indoor museums. Grounded in Gibson’s theory of affordances (1979), the article explores how visitors interact within and in relation to the hybrid space of ethnographic open-air museum and how communication shapes their interactions. The analysis is based on a qualitative study of visitors in the Belarusian State Museum of Folk Architecture and Rural Lifestyle (Aziartso, Belarus) and the Open-Air Museum of Lithuania (Rumšiškės, Lithuania). The data were collected using participatory observation and semistructured interviews with visitors. The article employs a constructivist approach and conceptualizes an ethnographic museum as a free-choice environment, where behavior patterns are linked to the institutional context and the visitors’ ability to perceive the information about the objects and environments that specified the possibilities and constraints for interacting with the museum’s space. The study reveals how cultural communication fosters the diversity of visiting scenarios and the perceptions of ethnographic open-air museums as cultural heritage sites, natural parks and stages for entertainment. The implications of this research could be relevant to cultural policymakers and communication specialists in designing the cultural, recreational and educational policies of museums.
Discusiones Políticas y Morales Referentes a la Justicia y su Aporte a la Psicología del Desarrollo Moral
Authors: Sarmiento López Julián Camilo , Yáñez Canal Jaime
Published: March 2019

Las investigaciones sobre moral y justicia en psicología han tomado diferentes caminos conceptuales. Los psicólogos han atendido a situaciones cotidianas de intercambio entre personas para establecer cómo la justicia tiene que ver con el respeto al semejante y con la evitación de daño (Giraldo & Benítez, 2011). Estas aproximaciones adolecen de una serie de imprecisiones conceptuales. Procurando esclarecer los sentidos del concepto de justicia se exploran debates en disciplinas emparentadas. El artículo rescata las discusiones en filosofía moral y política que entienden la justicia en relación con espacios públicos y con las obligaciones que se demandan al Estado, como una manera de precisar nuevos caminos investigativos para la psicología moral. La justicia y las nociones de igualdad tienen un sentido propio cuando se refieren a espacios públicos y a consideraciones de derechos humanos. De manera relacionada se ofrece una perspectiva del desarrollo según las teorías del ciclo vital que postulan la sabiduría como el nivel más desarrollado de juicio moral.
First molecular detection of ball python nidovirus in Italy – Short communication
Authors: Rampacci Elisa , Masi Marco , Origgi Francesco Carlo , Stefanetti Valentina , Bottinelli Marco , Selleri Paolo , Coletti Mauro , Passamonti Fabrizio
Published: March 2019

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the presence of ferlavirus, ball python nidovirus and bacteria in 32 tracheobronchial lavages from ball pythons raised in captivity and affected by respiratory disease. A touchdown reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect ball python nidovirus RNA targeting a 260-bp portion of the ORF1a gene, while a nested RT-PCR was applied to identify RNA targeting the 518-bp ferlavirus partial L gene. RT-PCR positive products were submitted for Sanger’s sequencing and phylogeny reconstruction. Bacteriological examinations were performed to diagnose a possible bacterial involvement. BLAST analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences of the six (18.8%) RT-PCR positive amplicons were 90–97% identical to the partial sequence of the ORF1a gene of the recently described ball python nidovirus. All tested snakes were negative for ferlavirus. Thirteen out of 32 samples (40.6%) were bacteriologically positive. Respiratory tract diseases can be a substantial problem for snake breeders, considering the rapid transmission of respiratory pathogens. The results and published studies show that ball python nidovirus is circulating in python collections and could be linked to suboptimal management practices. Surveillance programs are desirable as part of the routine snake health assessment. Tracheobronchial lavage is a fast, practical, cost-effective procedure for sample collection.
The oldest archeological data evidencing the relationship of Homo sapiens with psychoactive plants: A worldwide overview
Authors: Samorini Giorgio
Published: March 2019

Modern sophisticated archeometric instruments are increasingly capable of detecting the presence of psychoactive plant sources in archeological contexts, testifying the antiquity of humanity’s search for altered states of consciousness. The purpose of this article is to provide a general picture of these findings, covering the main psychoactive plant sources of the world, and identifying the most ancient dates so far evidenced by archeology. This review is based on the archeological literature identifying the presence of psychoactive plant sources, relying on original research documents. The research produced two main results: (a) a systematization of the types of archeological evidence that testify the relationship betweenHomo sapiensand these psychoactive sources, subdivided into direct evidence (i.e., material findings, chemical, and genetic) and indirect evidence (i.e., anthropophysical, iconographic, literary, and paraphernalia); and (b) producing a list of the earliest known dates of the relationship ofH. sapienswith the main psychoactive plant sources. There appears to be a general diffusion of the use of plant drugs from at least the Neolithic period (for the Old World) and the pre-Formative period (for the Americas). These dates should not to be understood as the first use of these materials, instead they refer to the oldest dates currently determined by either direct or indirect archeological evidence. Several of these dates are likely to be modified back in time by future excavations and finds.
Homotopic properties of $KA$-digitizations of $n$-dimensional Euclidean spaces
Authors: HAN Sang-eon
Published: March 2019

For $X (\subset R^n)$, assume the subspace $(X, E_X^n)$ induced by the $n$-dimensional Euclidean topological space $(R^n, E^n)$. Let $Z$ be the set of integers. Khalimsky topology on $Z$, denoted by  $(Z, \kappa)$, is generated by the set $\{\{2m-1, 2m, 2m+1\}\,\vert\, m \in {Z}\}$ as a subbase. Besides, Khalimsky topology on  $Z^n, n \in N$, denoted by $(Z^n, \kappa^n)$, is a product topology induced by $({Z}, \kappa)$. Proceeding with a digitization of $(X, E_X^n)$ in terms of the Khalimsky ($K$-, for short) topology, we obtain a $K$-digitized space in ${Z}^n$, denoted by $D_K(X) (\subset {Z}^n$), which is a $K$-topological space. Considering further $D_K(X)$ with $K$-adjacency, we obtain a topological graph related to the $K$-topology (a $KA$-space for short) denoted by $D_{KA}(X)$ (see an algorithm in Section 3). Motivated by an $A$-homotopy between $A$-maps for $KA$-spaces,  the present paper establishes a new homotopy, called an $LA$-homotopy, which is suitable for studying homotopic properties of both $(X, E_X^n)$ and $D_{KA}(X)$ because a homotopy for Euclidean topological spaces has some limitations of digitizing $(X, E_X^n)$. The goal of the paper is to study some relationships among an ordinary homotopy equivalence for spaces $(X, E_X^n)$, an $LA$-homotopy equivalence for spaces $(X, E_X^n)$, and an $A$-homotopy equivalence for $KA$-spaces $D_{KA}(X)$. Finally, we classify  $KA$-spaces (resp. $(X, E_X^n))$ via an $A$-homotopy equivalence (resp. an $LA$-homotopy equivalence). This approach can facilitate studies of applied topology, approximation theory and digital geometry.
On initial value problem of random fractional differential equation with impulses
Authors: HO Vu , NGO Hoa
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for random fractional differential equation with impulses via Banach fixed point theorem and Schauder fixed point theorem. Moreover, the continuous dependence of the solution on the initial data is investigated.
On the controllability of nonlinear fractional system with control delay
Authors: NAWAZ Musarrat , WEİ Jiang , SHENG Jiale , ULLAH KHAN NİAZİ Azmat , YANG Lichang
Published: March 2019

We discuss the controllability of nonlinear fractional control system with control delay. Firstly we obtain result about controllability of a linear fractional control system. After that, we give sufficient condition for the controllability of nonlinear fractional system with control delay. Our approach is based on Schauder fixed point theorem. At the end numerical example is constructed to support the result.
Assessment of plant-induced suction and its effects on the shear strength of rooted soils
Authors: Yildiz Anil , Graf Frank , Rickli Christian , Springman Sarah M.
Published: March 2019

Shallow landslides, either on bare or vegetated slopes, can be triggered after a rainfall event due to loss of suction. An extensive laboratory programme was performed in this study to assess the relationships between water content, plant-induced suction, root biomass and shear strength parameters. Root-permeated soils, planted with combinations of different species, were tested in an inclinable large-scale direct shear apparatus. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi were also investigated with inoculated specimens. The results suggested that the root biomass, as well as root/shoot ratio, was an indicator of plant-induced suction and shear strength of root-permeated soils tested under laboratory conditions. Longer plant growth duration and more species yielded higher mean values of matric suction and normalised shear stress. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to be beneficial in improving the plant functions related to water uptake.
SISTEMA DE EVALUACIÓN REDER Y EL PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN PRIVADA CONFESIONAL
Authors: Villar Guevara Miluska , Toyohama Pocco Gladys
Published: March 2019

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de describir el nivel de cumplimiento del plan estratégico a través del sistema de evaluación REDER de una institución privada confesional, 2017-2019. La metodología utilizada es descriptiva, de diseño no experimental, de corte trasversal, elaborada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo. Al interpretar estadísticamente los resultados se empleó el Software SPSS 24 para análisis descriptivo de frecuencia y de tablas cruzadas. Se aplicó un instrumento de 26 reactivos, dividido en 5 dimensiones, el cual fue administrado a una población de 45 personas de la administración. Se pudo comprobar que el 40% del total de la población de estudio, percibe niveles muy altos y notables de cumplimiento; sin embargo, el 35.6% consideraba el no cumplimiento de estos parámetros. Se concluye que el nivel de cumplimiento del plan estratégico a través del sistema de evaluación REDER, se ubica por debajo de los estándares medios; lo cual se traduce como un punto de mejora en lo que refiere a los patrones de un plan estratégico.
Что делает «особенным» взросление на Северном Кавказе?
Authors: Нефляшева Наима Аминовна
Published: March 2019

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«Осевое время» национальной политики
Authors: Силаев Николай Юрьевич
Published: March 2019

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Миграция северокавказского населения с гор на равнину: вызовы разнообразия
Authors: Казенин Константин Игоревич
Published: March 2019

Статья рассматривает влияние на брачность и рождаемость горских народов Дагестана миграции с гор на равнину. На протяжении нескольких последних десятилетий она носит массовый характер, в связи с чем важной задачей социальной политики является адаптация переселенцев в местах их нового расселения. Один из факторов, которые необходимо учитывать при решении задач адаптации, – это брачно-репродуктивное поведение переселенцев. Если его характеристики не меняются или мало меняются в результате миграции, то возможны существенные контрасты между переселенцами и коренными жителями новых для них территорий. Через сопоставление результатов количественного полевого исследования среди переселенцев с горных территорий Дагестана мы показываем, что миграция с гор на равнину может сопровождаться разными сценариями брачно-репродуктивного поведения:возможен как отход от его характеристик, наблюдаемых в горах, так и сохранение этих характеристик не только в первом, но и в последующих поколениях переселенцев. Этот вывод обосновывается в статье статистическими методами. Мы сопоставляем разные миграционные потоки и демонстрируем, что в некоторых из них между переселенцами и теми, кто остался на «исторической родине», имеются статистически значимые различия по некоторым характеристикам брачно-репродуктивного поведения, а в некоторых – нет. Кроме того, для части сообществ регрессионные модели показывают значимость параметров «миграционной истории» женщин для их возраста вступления в брак и числа детей, а для других такой значимости не обнаруживается. Обсуждаются гипотезы о том, почему в одних случаях брачно-репродуктивное поведение «устойчиво» к переселению с гор на равнину, а в других оно значимо меняется в результате переселения. Делается вывод о необходимости учета разнообразия при планировании социальной политики на территориях, куда идет миграция горского населения.
Кризис традиционной северокавказской семьи в постсоветский период и его социальные последствия.
Authors: Стародубровская Ирина Викторовна
Published: March 2019

Северный Кавказ рассматривается как своеобразный «заповедник» семейного традиционализма, т. е. семейных отношений, основанных на жестких поколенческих и гендерных иерархиях, существенной роли «большой» семьи (рода), регулярном применении домашнего насилия. Однако исследования показывают, что в действительности традиционная модель северокавказской семьи находится сейчас в кризисе. Этот тезис обосновывается с использованием результатов как количественного, так и качественного социологического анализа. Качественные исследования, проведенные автором в различных регионах Северного Кавказа в 2014–2018 гг., позволяют выделить факторы и последствия ослабления поколенческих и гендерных иерархий, выделения семьи из рода и местного сообщества. Количественное исследование, проведенное с применением онлайн-методики в 2017 г., подтверждает разрушение поколенческих иерархий, инструментом которого служит радикальный ислам, но при этом демонстрирует консервативный поворот в гендерных вопросах. Этот поворот сопровождается усилением разрыва между гендерными ценностями мужчин и женщин от старшего к молодому поколению (величина этого разрыва между мужчинами и женщинами отличается также от региона к региону), что может послужить основой кризиса в данной сфере в будущем. Показано противоречивое влияние на семейную сферу «нетрадиционного» ислама, который, с одной стороны, закрепляет имеющиеся гендерные иерархии внутри семьи, а с другой стороны, усиливает пред-ставление о персональной ответственности в противовес ответственности рода. Социальные последствия кризиса традиционной семьи связаны в первую очередь с невозможностью контроля старших над молодым поколением и неэффективностью апелляции к их авторитету в ситуациях не соответствующего нормам поведения северокавказской молодежи в других российских регионах или исламской радикализации. На основании полевых исследований показана неадекватность подходов к молодежной политике, основанных на представлении о незыблемости традиционных форм семейной организации в северокавказских сообществах.
Миграция на Северном Кавказе сквозь призму несовершенной статистики
Authors: Мкртчян Никита Владимирович
Published: March 2019

Северный Кавказ является одной из самых «проблемных» частей России с точки зрения надежности данных о составе населения, затрудняя планирование социальной политики в этом регионе. В частности, недостоверная информация о миграции населения порождает неверные оценки численности населения регионов Северного Кавказа и отдельных их групп, что может вести к неоправданно высоким трансфертам из федерального бюджета, неэффективным тратам на социальную политику. В статье критически оцениваются те источники статистической информации о миграции на Северном Кавказе, на основе которых в основномосуществляется оценка масштабов этого явления. В частности, сомнению подвергнуты данные по миграции, полученные на основе итогов переписей населения 2002 и 2010 гг. в ряде республик. Показаны основные проблемы используемых при анализе миграции данных; их некорректность подтверждается как сравнением данных переписей и административных источников, так и выводами работ других исследователей. Показано, что наиболее надежные источники данных говорят о продолжающемся оттоке населения из региона. Отдельно рассматривается вопрос о надежности данных муниципальной статистики. Продемонстрировано, что анализ данных по муниципальным образованиям в большинстве регионов требует досчетов, после которых вырисовывается достаточно необычная картина: «глубинка» Северного Кавказа (сельские районы, расположенные в отдалении от крупных городов) в миграционном отношении схожа с аналогичными территориями других частей страны, а города и их пригороды имеют специфику – в отличие от других регионов, статистика не фиксирует их миграционный прирост. Дальнейший анализ показывает, что это, скорее всего, связано с большой долей нерегистрируемой миграции в города. Этот феномен, известный и в России в целом, на Северном Кавказе усиливается из-за особенностей расселения мигрантов в его крупных городах. Сделаны выводы о том, какие источники данных по миграции на Северном Кавказе являются наиболее показательными для нужд социальной политики в этом регионе.
Мать и дитя в ранней советской политике: случай Дагестана
Authors: Манышев Сергей Борисович
Published: March 2019

В статье анализируется советская социальная политика 1920–1930-х гг. в области охраны материнства и детства в Дагестане. На основе архивных материалов, опубликованных документов, литературы и периодики раскрываются ее основные тенденции. Анализ позволил выстроить целостную картину преобразований в области медицинской помощи горянкам, их эмансипации, включения в общественную жизнь. Документальные материалы отражают сложности проникновения советских преобразований в дагестанские селения. Советское здравоохранение столкнулось с традиционными медицинскими практиками, которые формировались на протяжении длительного времени. Население пользовалось услугами местных повитух, которые не имели какого бы то ни было профессионального образования, что связано с отсутствием в Дагестане специализированных учебных заведений. Однако уже в середине 1920-х гг. открыта акушерско-фельдшерская школа, которая занялась подготовкой квалифицированных медицинских работников. Постепенно с ростом числа медицинских работников количество родов, которые принимались в стационарах, начинает расти, увеличивается и число коек в лечебных заведениях, открываются колхозные родильные дома. Создаются комиссии по охране материнства и детства, в чьи обязанности входила организация чтения лекций по санитарному просвещению, методическая помощь медицинским работникам. Как показывают статистические данные, до введения запрета на производство абортов их число в Дагестане было значительным. Запрет абортов привел к росту рождаемости и открытию родильного дома в Махачкале. Создание Дагестанского медицинского института в 1932 г. и в его рамках кафедр детских болезней и акушерства и гинекологии положительно сказалось на оказании квалифицированной медицинской помощи матерям и детям. Включение горянок в общественную жизнь повлекло за собой открытие большого числа как стационарных, так и сезонных дошкольных детских учреждений. В статье показано, что несмотря на голод, нежелание местных жителей прибегать к квалифицированной медицинской помощи, а также иные трудности, связанные с проведением советской социальной политики, в 1920–1930-е гг. в Дагестане наблюдался естественный прирост населения.
Changing Fertility Patterns in Two North Caucasian Republics: Is it Only Social Policy that Matters?.
Authors: Козлов Владимир Александрович
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with fertility levels in some republics of the North Caucasus (Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessia) where, as in other post-Soviet regions, there has been a serious intensification of religiosity and at the same time weakening of the traditional family unit in recent decades. The goal of the paper is to ascertain whether these trends affect fertility, whose decrease is apparently stalling in the North Caucasus over the last decade. One reason to turn to this question is that in some regions of the North Caucasus the fertility level has been considerably higher since the pronatalist state policy was implemented in 2007 than in Russia as a whole. This raises the question as to whether higher fertility in the North Caucasus is mainly related to a higher demand for the state financial support granted to parents following the birth of the second (or a subsequent) child or if it can be rather accounted for by the specific cultural characteristics of that part of Russia. Our field survey held in the two republics of the North Caucasus in 2016 showed that the religiosity of respondents is related to higher fertility regardless of family policy issues. The relation between religiosity and higher fertility is arguably independent from the observance of traditional family norms which imposegender hierarchies. This suggests that an Islamic revival within a given society can support fertility whether or not traditional norms of familyorganization are preserved there. The conclusion for state pronatalist policy is that its outcome may be related to the cultural characteristics of the population among which such measures are implemented, apart from economic parameters that drive the demand among some families for financial support after childbirth.
Kontextbezogene Verarbeitung und Erfassung von 3D-Daten
Authors: Bhatti Faraz , Engel Grischan , Engelsberger Maximilian , Ziebert Mathias , Zeller Niclas , Beyerer Jürgen , Greiner Thomas , Heizmann Michael , Quint Franz
Published: March 2019

3D-Bildverarbeitungssysteme benötigen erhebliche Konfigurations- und Ausführungszeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Beitrag ein intelligentes kamerabasiertes modulares Sensorsystem zur kontextbezogenen optischen Erfassung und Verarbeitung von 3D-Daten für Industrie-4.0-Anwendungen vorgeschlagen. Das System basiert auf einer modularen, serviceorientierten Architektur, welche die gesamteFunktionalität des Systems kapselt. Zusätzlich werden die Funktionalitäten und Merkmale der modularen Architektur auf Grundlage des GenICam-Standards semantisch beschrieben. Darüber hinaus definiert das vorgestellte System ein Kontextmodell, welches sowohl intrinsische als auch extrinsische Einflüsse berücksichtigt. Dazu werden entsprechende Reaktionen auf Umwelteinflüsse, wie beispielsweise Fremdlicht,definiert. Darüber hinaus wird eine neuartige FPGA-basierte Architektur eingesetzt, um die Performanz von 3D-Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen in Bezug auf die Ausführungszeit durch die Nutzung von Pipelining und Parallelisierung zu verbessern. Die im Rahmen einer Fallstudie und auf Basis eines deflektometrischen Sensorsystems erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das System dynamisch an Fremdlicht anpassbar ist. Weiterhin kann die Ausführungszeit des Deflektometrie-Algorithmus mittels der FPGA-basierten Architektur erheblich reduziert werden.
Industrie-Experten fördern als Lehrende die Hochschulen
Authors: Hoernicke Mario , Horch Alexander , Bauer Margret
Published: March 2019

Der Austausch zwischen Industrie und Wissenschaft im Ingenieurwesen ist von besonderer Bedeutung. Eine effektive, aber oftmals wenig gelebte Form des Austauschs ist die Aufnahme von Gastvorträgen durch Industrieexperten in den Lehrplan. In diesem Beitrag werden Beispiele für Lehrbeauftrage der Industrie innerhalb der Regelungs- und Automatisierungstechnik vorgestellt sowie ein Überblick über entsprechende Vorträge von ABB-Mitarbeitern gegeben. Ein konkretes Beispiel zeigt, wie ein Regelkreis im Zusammenhang mit der Automatisierung verstanden wird. Die Voraussetzungen für einen erfolgreichen Austausch sowie die Vorteile für Studierende, Wissenschaftler und Industrievertreter werden diskutiert.
SEVEN TYPES OF PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN ONE PATIENT
Authors: Mamchur S. E. , Khomenko E. A. , Romanova M. P. , Chichkova T. Yu.
Published: March 2019

The report describes the case of electrophysiological study and catheter ablation of seven types of supraventricular tachycardia in one patient. During radiofrequency ablation for WPW-syndrome three functionated discrete retrograde conductive accessory atrioventricular pathways were documented and were successfully ablated. Further incessant activity of two ectopic atrial focuses was revealed. First localized in upper part of crista terminalis and another – in left superior pulmonary vein ostium. Five months after patient had a recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia. EPI-study demonstrated evidence for retrograde ventriculoatrial dissociation with induction of atypical fast/slow and typical slow/fast atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, wich were successfully ablated. With further observation, rhythm disturbances did not recur.
Primary prevention of the main dental diseases in children at different stages of orthodontic treatment with bracket systems
Authors: Bril’ E A , Moiseenko S A , Galonskiy V G , Shishkov N Yu , Pustoshilova A S , Bril’ V I
Published: March 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the effective preventive methods of dental caries in children with dentoalveolar anomalies. Methods. Orthodontic treatment was received by 50 children aged 12-14 years with dentoalveolar anomalies who were treated by an orthodontist using ligature bracket and who had a compensated form of dental caries before the beginning of the hardware treatment. In the first group of children (control, 25 subjects) professional oral hygiene twice a year was followed by the coating of all teeth with fluoride. Children of the second group (25 subjects) after professional oral hygiene twice a year had their teeth covered with tooth enamel around brackets with Clinpro XT Varnish (3M ESPE) material containing fluorine, calcium and phosphate compounds. Dental examination every three months included assessment of oral hygiene and the state of the gums, the presence of carious defects, fillings and removed teeth, followed by the calculation of the main dental indices. Results. On the basis of studies of the dental status in children undergoing orthodontic treatment using brackets, the main dental indices such as DCF (decay/missing/filled), complex periodontal index, papillary-marginal-alveolar index were characterized at the stages of treatment. The analysis of the recorded values was performed in the comparison groups for each research method and the main statistically significant differences were identified. The study revealed that children from group 2 had positive dynamics of the state of periodontium within 18 months: the value of papillary-marginal-alveolar index among children from group 2 decreased by 5.4 times, the value of complex periodontal index decreased by 3.5 times. Children from group 2 had a significantly lower incidence of caries compared to the control group after 18 months of remineralizing therapy: the increase of complex periodontal index among children receiving orthodontic treatment with Clinpro XT Varnish coverage twice a year was only 1.42±0.16, incidence of caries of teeth surface reduced by 55%. Conclusion. On the basis of these studies, a comparative characteristics of the dental indices was performed at the stages of treatment using the brackets, depending on the used primary preventive measures; dental status of children at the stages of orthodontic treatment have their features: special oral hygiene tools should be guided by hygiene indices and complemented by remineralizing drugs.
Study of biochemical markers in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Mekhtieva S A , Nasirova S R , Rakhimova N Dzh , Gafarov I A
Published: March 2019

Aim. To study the level of biochemical markers to optimize the diagnosis and prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. Methods. 110 newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis were observed in the intensive care unit at the age of 1 to 28 days. According to the stages of necrotizing enterocolitis, all examined newborns were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 49 newborns (40.5%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage I, group 2 included 48 newborns (39.7%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage II and group 3 included 13 newborns (10.7%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage III. In 40 newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, -17, cathelicidin, transferrin in the blood and fecal calprotectin in the feces were measured by ELISA. Results. Comparative analysis demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-2 was increased in newborns from group 1 by 6.9 times, in group 2 - by 8.3 times and in group 3 - by 10.7 times. Similarly, the level of metalloproteinase-9 was increased in group 1 by 3 times, in group 2 by 3.4 times, and in group 3 by 4.5 times compared to the newborns from the control group. The concentration of metalloproteinase-17 in newborns from groups 1 and 2 was almost the same and increased on average by 2.5 times, and by 3.6 times in group 3 compared to the control. In examined newborns, the highest level of cathelicidin and lowest level of transferrin were observed in necrotizing enterocolitis stage III, which indicates the more severe course of the disease and may be a predictor of changes in treatment tactics. So, taking into account the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin (75%), it can be used as a noninvasive marker of inflammation in the intestine. Conclusion. The established changes in the level of biochemical markers (metalloproteinases, cathelicidin and transferrin in the blood and fecal calprotectin in feces) have diagnostic and prognostic value in the diagnosis, prediction of outcomes and optimization of treatment tactics of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal practice.
The mechanisms of sensitization of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors
Authors: Dunaev P D , Galembikova A R , Boichuk S V
Published: March 2019

Aim. To examine the ability of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors to modulate gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells sensitivity to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Methods. The following receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors were used in the present study - imatinib, crizotinib, cabozantinib and sunitinib. An ability of the named medications to sensitize gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor (doxorubicin) was examined by using an MTS-based colorimetric assay. The expression of apoptotic, DNA damage and repair markers was assessed with western blotting by using the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Proliferative activity was examined in a real-time by utilizing an iCELLigence system (ACEA Biosciences Inc., USA). Results. We found that all above-mentioned receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors were able to sensitize gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells to topoisomerase II inhibitors. This leads to the decrease of proliferative activity of tumors cells and enhancement of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, this effect was observed in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. One of the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for sensitization of these cells to topoisomerase II inhibitors was the ability of the target medications to inhibit the homologous recombination. This is evidenced by substantial decrease of Rad51 recombinase expression as a result of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor effect on the cells with DNA damage caused by topoisomerase II inhibitors. Conclusion. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are able to sensitize imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells to topoisomerase II inhibitors by inhibiting DNA homologous recombination.
Late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab therapy
Authors: Moskalets O V
Published: March 2019

Development and implementation into practice of biologic agents has dramatically changed the approaches to the treatment of many severe diseases. But in the light of experience of their use more and more attention is paid not only to their efficacy but also to side effects. One of such medications is rituximab - a monoclonal chimeric antibody to CD20 antigen, which is expressed on the membrane of pre-B-lymphocytes and mature B-lymphocytes. In the literature more frequently are published the data about late-onset side effects of this medication, particularly hypogammaglobulinemia. The review presents the data on its prevalence after treatment of different diseases with rituximab, its severity, risk of infection. The possible mechanisms of the development of this phenomenon are discussed. Long-term hypogammaglobulinemia was shown to significantly delay the restoration of peripheral compartment of B cells, with over 90% of B cell population presented by naive B cells and significantly decreased concentration of B cells. Literature analysis demonstrates that the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia increases in multiple rituximab courses, preceding immunosuppression, decreased baseline immunoglobulin level. The need for detection of serum level of immunoglobulins before therapy with rituximab is pointed out by many authors, as the main disease can mask primary immunodeficiency, primarily common variable immunodeficiency, which requires life-term replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins. The issue of administration of this therapy in secondary antibodies deficiency is not solved but severe hypogammaglobulinemia or severe infectious and inflammatory processes definitely require it. So to effectively detect hypogammaglobulinemia it is appropriate to perform monitoring of the level of immunoglobulins not only before but also during the treatment with rituximab as well as in several years after its completion.