bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la théorie de l’émanation et de sa délicate cohérence en droit français
Authors: Audit Mathias
Published: January 2024

La notion d’émanation connaît de nombreuses applications en droit international comme en droit français. Elle est en particulier mise en œuvre non seulement en matière d’exécution forcée mais aussi dans le registre de l’immunité souveraine d’exécution. La question de l’existence à cet égard d’une véritable théorie fait néanmoins difficulté. Il existe en effet une forme d’incohérence s’agissant de la manière dont la notion est appréhendée dans ces deux domaines très voisins que sont l’exécution forcée, d’un côté, et l’immunité d’exécution, de l’autre. La présente contribution vise à mettre celle-ci en lumière et à apprécier s’il existe aujourd’hui une véritable théorie unitaire de l’émanation en droit français.
Le sort des biens diplomatiques
Authors: Grandaubert Victor
Published: January 2024

Cible privilégiée des créanciers privés dans leurs tentatives d’exécuter par voie de contrainte un titre exécutoire contre un État étranger, les biens diplomatiques continuent toutefois de bénéficier d’une protection particulière. La Convention de Vienne sur les relations diplomatiques de 1961, appuyée par le droit international coutumier, garantit une solide immunité tant aux locaux de la mission qu’aux comptes bancaires lui appartenant. Au surplus, il n’est pas question d’assouplir globalement cette institution si essentielle pour les relations internationales. Si des stratégies se dessinent pour affaiblir cette immunité d’exécution, ces dernières souffrent d’une absence d’organisation et n’ont pour l’instant pas emporté suffisamment la conviction des acteurs du droit international pour envisager une remise en question durable de cette immunité au bénéfice des personnes privées lésées dans leur accès à la justice.
Les conditions de la renonciation à l’immunité d’exécution de l’État en droit français
Authors: Salomon Renaud
Published: January 2024

Après de nombreuses hésitations jurisprudentielles, la Cour de cassation française considère désormais que, dès lors que les biens d’un État ne sont pas spécifiquement utilisés ou destinés à être utilisés dans l’exercice des missions diplomatiques ou consulaires, la renonciation expresse de cet État à l’immunité d’exécution suffit pour que les actifs en cause puissent faire l’objet d’une mesure d’exécution forcée, bien que ceux-ci aient consisté en des créances fiscales, sans que soit en outre requise une renonciation spéciale.
On some extrapolation in generalized grand Morrey spaces with applications to PDEs
Authors: Gordadze Eteri , Meskhi Alexander , Ragusa Maria Alessandra
Published: January 2024

Rubio de Francia's extrapolation in generalized grand Morrey spaces is derived. This result is applied to the investigation of the regularity of solutions for the second order partial differential equations with discontinuous coefficients in the framework of generalized grand Morrey spaces under the Muckenhoupt condition on weights. Density properties for these spaces are also investigated.
Smart Sustainable Cities to Treat the Economic and Climate Repercussions in of Global Climate
Authors: Atalah Ehab
Published: January 2024

Sustainable smart cities aim to provide a number of opportunities to achieve sustainable development and face challenges related to climate change, that is the great challenge facing the future of life on the planet. Information and communication technology is one of the basics in the field of monitoring climate change, mitigating its effects and adapting to it, such as the field of early warning system and smart applications. That transforms the way services are provided in areas including energy, waste, and water management to reduce carbon footprint and address environmental challenges, the role of modern technology, the internet of things (IOT) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications.
Strategic Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Faisal , Tunio Muhammad Nawaz , Shaikh Sadia Khurram , Shaikh Erum
Published: January 2024

Corporate social responsibility always has a positive impact on firm performance. However, there is a lack of studies that may illuminate the impact of CSR practices as a strategic tool for the hospitality industry. Although there is a significant research gap with respect to the theoretical perspective and impact of initiated CSR activities. The gap is potent in the case of CSR activities and its association with business performance, goodwill, customers, and stakeholders. Thus, this chapter has been written purposively to make readers understand the impact and significance of CSR practices in the hospitality industry for customers, stakeholders, and the environment. The postulate seems to be true as the study reflects vividly upon the theoretical perspectives, literature, and findings associated with the effect of CSR activities on hotels.
Sustainable Development Through Corporate Social Responsibility of Public Sector Banks in India
Authors: Gupta Vipul , Sharma Parveen Kumar , Negi Vijay , Roy Hiranmoy
Published: January 2024

The present study aims to analyse the theoretical perspective on the need for implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) norms by public sector banks (PSBs) in India. The need to study CSR by PSBs in India arose due to the government monopoly and mandated CSR by the Central Bank. The current study analyses a theoretical framework of sustainable development (SD) through CSR by PSBs India. Additionally, the research examined various CSR indicators of PSBs through the development of an SD/CSR Index. The results for the unweighted average index revealed that banks are far from fulfilling SD norms through CSR. The calculated scores of an index also revealed that the State Bank of India secured the first rank in the index among PSBs, whereas Punjab, Sindh Bank, and UCO Bank secured the last rank. In terms of financial implications, effective CSR implementation of PSBs ensured banks to comply with the mandatory norms with enhancement of SD.
Driving Sustainable Change
Authors: Shah Syed Haider Ali , Jamshed Kamran Ali , Durrah Omar , ElKhatib Ola Adel Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

Green entrepreneurship is a particular subgroup of entrepreneurship that focuses on developing and putting into practice solutions to environmental issues as well as encouraging societal change to prevent environmental harm. Several people and organizations are profiting from the growing notion of green entrepreneurship by inventing and redesigning their products from a green perspective. As consumers become more environmentally and socially conscious, they are choosing green items over conventional ones. The effects of the growth of some economic sectors, including tourism, are becoming more and more well-known as a result of economic development, climate change and health of the environment, and tourism. The findings revealed that tourists like to stay in hotels that offer green efforts, whether they come in the shape of environmentally friendly products, services, or innovations. This chapter provides an overview of the hotel sector in Europe and how they are modifying their offerings to address environmental problems. The importance of entrepreneurship, the green behaviour of the stakeholders, and their impact on these hotels' financial and environmental performance was studied through a meta-analysis of the published literature. This chapter will help the experts to highlight how tourist reception units, particularly hotels, can implement their activity and aspects related to reducing pollution.
CSR for Sustainable Development
Authors: Raza Ali , Memon Abdul Razaque , Asif Laiba , Shaikh Erum , Pergen Nurullah
Published: January 2024

This research examined how CSR has helped businesses cope with rising populations, higher industrial needs, and recent global crises. The research uses a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research analyzes how corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities relate to financial outcomes using both theoretical frameworks and actual evidence. The strength of CSR funds compared to more conventional funds can be gauged by looking at how they fare in the financial markets. Most research finds a beneficial relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, CSR funds provide a more stable alternative to conventional funds by providing more excellent protection against losses during times of crisis. The findings imply that integrating CSR into business models boosts overall performance and resilience, bearing implications for corporate strategy and investment decisions, especially during economic instability.
Strategic Communication
Authors: el Al-Abdallat Hani Na
Published: January 2024

The world is facing many issues related to climate change and other environmental problems. In this context, every individual, business, and organization are taking an active part in bringing the measures. Firms are promoting CSR activities more rapidly than ever before, and strategic communication is the main tool that assists the firms. This chapter contributes by reflecting on the roles of strategic communication and the connection between strategic communication and CSR, highlighting the opportunities and challenges and suggesting innovations and unique solutions. Firstly, this chapter provides deep insight into strategic communication and CSR. After that, options are described along with the challenges. To cope with the challenges, solutions are also presented. By making effective strategies to promote CSR activities through strategic communication, firms not only enjoy profitable results but also a great reputation in the business environment.
How Corporate Responsibility Influences Organizational Performance
Authors: Jamshed Kamran Ali , Shah Syed Haider Ali , Durrah Omar
Published: January 2024

Green transformational leadership (GTL) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) can significantly improve organizational performance (OP) by fostering sustainability, employee involvement, innovation, and advocacy of responsible practices. CSR initiatives can enhance a company's social legitimacy and commitment to ethical principles, environmental conservation, and social advancement. CSR has a significant impact on organizational outcomes, including competitive advantage, long-term performance, reputation, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and overall business performance. GTL encourages pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in workers, improving environmental management and performance. The study explores secondary data about the relationship between GTL and employees' eco-friendly behavior, focusing on a value-driven mechanism. The findings revealed that GTL has positive effects on green performance, such as innovation, product development, intrinsic motivation, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and performance and organizational performance can be enhanced by incorporating CSR into GTL. This chapter contributes to the growing field of CSR research by examining its three aspects: community-focused initiatives, employee-focused efforts, and customer-focused strategies.
Sustainability Business Strategies
Authors: Moroojo Abdul Wajid , Raza Ali , el Al-Abdallat Hani Na , Al Almashaqbeh Hashem
Published: January 2024

Sustainability is meeting present demands without compromising future needs. Due to social and environmental consciousness, modern businesses need sustainability. Sustainability business practices consider environmental, social, and economic factors. Sustainable business strategies are defined, discussed, and outlined in this chapter. Sustainability boosts profits and protects the environment and society. Examples include resource efficiency, waste reduction, renewable energy, ethical sourcing, social responsibility, and stakeholder involvement. Goals include business value and environmental and social benefits. Sustainability performance predicts long-term resilience and financial success for investors.
Assessing the Impact of CSR on Corporate Development and Sustainability in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Aqib Sohaib , Seraj Mehdi , Ozdeser Huseyin
Published: January 2024

Climate change has now become a major concern for every economy, every sector, and every business. The responsibilities of firms have also increased, and corporations are major contributors in increasing carbon emissions, and other environmental degradation components are linked with corporations. CSR is the only solution to the problems related to climate change and other factors. Recently, development of corporations is totally dependent upon their active participation for the society. This chapter highlights the association between the climate and CSR practices and how these strategies are effective for overall efficiency of corporations. Review of literature has identified that CSR is the major component, and this chapter effectively sheds light on the major aspects and provides deeper understanding.
Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in the Construction and Real Estate Sector
Authors: Abbasi Abdul Rehman , Depar Aleeza , Moorojo Abdul Wajid , Memon Maham
Published: January 2024

In the vast realm of construction and real estate, a revolution is underway: corporate social responsibility (CSR). These industries, vital to worldwide growth, consistently cast noteworthy social and environmental shadows. CSR represents a deliberate move in the direction of a better future. Equitable labor practices, security for workers, and community engagement are all emphasized by social responsibility. The sector is driven towards viable options through innovation and knowledge exchange. Constructability review services protect quality, cost-cutting, and risk reduction. CSR penetrates the real estate market by promoting ethical corporate practices, community involvement, and sustainable growth. The well-being of society is enhanced via CSR-driven charity, affordable housing projects, and employee welfare. A stellar reputation, regulatory compliance, financial sustainability, goodwill towards the community, and engaged employees are some of the long-term effects of CSR.
Big Data Analysis Techniques
Authors: Dhawas Pranali , Ramteke Minakshi Ashok , Thakur Aarti , Polshetwar Poonam Vijay , Salunkhe Ramadevi Vitthal , Bhagat Dhananjay
Published: January 2024

Big data analysis techniques are the methods and tools utilized for extracting insights and knowledge from vast and intricate datasets. Due to the increasing velocity, volume, and variety of data being produced, conventional data analysis methods have become inadequate. Therefore, big data analysis techniques employ advanced computational and statistical methods to extract treasured information from big data. There are several big data analysis techniques, including data mining, natural language processing, machine learning, predictive analytics, and deep learning. For example, data mining involves identifying patterns and relationships within data sets, while machine learning enables systems to learn from data without explicit programming. Additionally, natural language processing focuses on analyzing human language, and predictive analytics utilizes statistical modeling techniques to predict future outcomes. Deep learning, which uses neural networks to model complex data patterns, is also a common big data analysis technique.
Apollo Hospital's Proposed Use of Big Data Healthcare Analytics
Authors: Ahamad Shahanawaj , Janani S. , Talukdar Veera , Sharma Tripti , Sahu Aradhana , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Gupta Ankur
Published: January 2024

This chapter describes how one may stock clinical data in digital forms, such as patient reports as an electronic health record, and how one may create meaningful information from these records utilizing analytics methods and tools. Apollo Hospital is the biggest hospital in West Bengal. It collects a huge quantity of heterogeneous data from various sources, including patient health records, lab test results, digital diagnostic supplies, healthcare insurance data, social media data, pharmaceutical data, gene expression records, transactions, and data from MY hospital's Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College. Data analytics could be used to organise this data and make it retrievable. As a result, the term “big data” may be used. Big data is defined as exceptionally big datasets which may be analysed computationally to uncover trends, patterns, and relationships, as well as visualisation, querying, information privacy, and predictive analytics on a huge dataset.
Challenges and Solutions of Real-Time Data Integration Techniques by ETL Application
Authors: Biswas Neepa , Biswas Sudarsan , Mondal Kartick Chandra , Maiti Suchismita
Published: January 2024

Business organizations are trying to focus from the traditional extract-transform-load (ETL) system towards real-time implementation of the ETL process. Traditional ETL process upgrades new data to the data warehouse (DW) at predefined time intervals when the DW is in off-line mode. Modern organizations want to capture and respond to business events faster than ever. Accessing fresh data is not possible using traditional ETL. Real-time ETL can reflect fresh data on the warehouse immediately at the occurrence of an event in the operational data store. Therefore, the key tool for business trade lies in real-time enterprise DW enabled with Business Intelligence. This study provides an overview of ETL process and its evolution towards real-time ETL. This chapter will represent the real-time ETL characteristics, its technical challenges, and some popular real-time ETL implementation methods. Finally, some future directions towards real-time ETL technology are explored.
AI and Big Data Analytics Revolutionizing Industry 5.0
Authors: Dewangan Shweta , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2024

This study intends to investigate the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in Industry 5.0, concentrating on the joint component that promotes interaction and collaboration between humans and machines. The artificial intelligence may improve human capacities, increase productivity, and make it easier to establish new business models. In addition, the study examines the ethical concerns and societal repercussions related to the use of AI in Industry 5.0. The research outlines critical success factors, difficulties, and best practices for effectively collaboratively leveraging AI within the framework of Industry 5.0. The results of this research provide organizations and policymakers with insights and recommendations that can help them use the synergy of AI and Industry 5.0 to generate collaborative innovation and achieve sustainable growth. Human-centricity, socio-environmental sustainability, and resilience are some of the aims that Industry 5.0 has the potential to support.
Case Studies in Big Data Analysis
Authors: Dwivedi Dwijendra Nath , Batra Saurabh
Published: January 2024

Computer vision technology can be used for instant car damage recognition by analyzing images of damaged vehicles to detect and identify the location and severity of any damages. Technology can accurately classify damage into categories such as small, medium, or high severity. This can help insurance companies and other relevant stakeholders quickly process claims, reduce fraudulent claims, and improve the overall claims process efficiency. The conventional car damage assessment process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to errors. Computer vision models offer a new solution to detect car insurance fraud by identifying the damage severity and streamlining the claims process. AI can automate the process by analyzing images of damaged cars and generating a breakdown of the damage. The authors propose a unique computer vision process that can help identify small, medium, and high severity of damages and validate investigators' recommendations to detect anomalies in real-time.
Metal Nanoparticles via Green Synthesis
Authors: Saylan Demet , Erdem İlker
Published: January 2024

Cancer is one of the most abundant lethal diseases globally threatening public health. There is considerable research effort on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The current practices for cancer treatment are usage of synthetic chemicals (i.e. chemotherapy), radiotherapy, and surgery. Besides these conventional therapies, there are contemporary, innovative approaches, e.g., targeting of the drugs to the cancerous tissues, synergetic enhancement via simultaneous usage of conventional methods, and contemporary methods. Therefore, the process of drug research and development in the field of cancer is increasingly challenging, due to the limited success of current therapies and the constant need to find safer and more effective novel approaches. The utilization of nanotechnology may present new opportunities in cancer treatment. Metal nanoparticles prepared via “bottom-up” approach may be used for triggering the selective cell apoptosis mechanisms for cancerous cells, while sparing healthy cells considerably.
Bacterial Exopolysaccharides-Based Nanomaterials for Targeting Biofilm-Associated Infections
Authors: Ravichandran Anand , Shobana D. , Visudha S. , Yazhini  , Niveditha S. , Saravanan P.
Published: January 2024

Bacteria that secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) when colonised on living and non-living surfaces also protect from stressors in a variety of environments. EPS is considered a complex carbohydrate, which is part of their extracellular matrix. EPS play magnificent roles in microbial biofilm formation, providing structural integrity and protection for microbial communities. Chemically synthesised nanomaterials are not ideal for use as antimicrobial agents because they are harmful to environments and also ineffective. An alternative, sustainable approach is needed to control biofilm-related infections. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors discuss the techniques of optimisation and characterization of bacterial exopolysaccharide-mediated nanoparticles and nanomaterials for targeting oral biofilm-forming pathogens. It will be essential for the use of exopolysaccharide-mediated nanoparticles in biomedical applications to prevent biofilm-associated infections such as urinary catheter devices and biofilm-related chronic wounds.
Emerging Applications of Nanomaterials With Less Toxicity and More Efficacy in Modern Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Datta Sudipto
Published: January 2024

Understanding how nanomaterials (NMs) and biological systems interact at the interface is of great research interest. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, carbon dots, graphite nanopowders, and others are included in NMs. Through organic layers, medicinal compounds, proteins, DNA, and cellular matrices, these NPs exhibit a range of interactions with biological interfaces. The morphological surface of bio-nanoconjugates is influenced by a variety of biophysical and colloidal factors that control their biological responses, giving the NMs unique physical characteristics. Future-generation nano-tool design is essentially focused on the fundamental characteristics of NMs, such as shape, size, composition, functionality, etc., and substantial research has been done in this area. Understanding their characteristics encourages study in the biological and medical fields and enhances their relevance in the field of health management.
Designing Digital Learning Content to Support a Corporate Digital Learning Strategy
Authors: Moreira Lúcia
Published: January 2024

In a global context of digital transformation, organisations have been challenged to embrace innovation and new technology and reviewed methodological approaches to enhance their digital learning ecosystems, including a systematic review of the internal value proposition of how people learn, share, and build new knowledge. The relationship between a learning organization, digital transformation, and digital learning is intertwined, as they are all interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Digital learning allows for integrating immersive learning experiences, personalized learning paths, and data-driven insights, which can drive performance improvements and foster innovation within the organization. This chapter aims to resume the main components an organization, and could promote an assessment and apply when designing digital learning content to support a broader digital learning strategy.
Investigating Cloud-Powered Digital Twin Power Flow Research and Implementation
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Harish Ravali , Ponnusamy Sivaram , Swaminathan K.
Published: January 2024

This chapter presents a pioneering strategy for the advancement of digital twin technology, leveraging the capabilities of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and cloud computing platform (CS-DT). Through the utilization of SOA and cloud computing features, the newly developed digital twin solution not only exhibits improved dependability but also provides advantages such as compatibility across different platforms, streamlined deployment of lightweight applications, and simplified procedures for updates and maintenance. These merits effectively mitigate the drawbacks associated with conventional digital twin development. The proposed approach has been effectively put into practice within practical systems, yielding operational results spanning over a year, thus underscoring its substantial potential for broad adoption in diverse industries and domains.
Psychotic Disorders and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases, and All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lee You-Bin , Kim Hyewon , Lee Jungkuk , Kang Dongwoo , Kim Gyuri , Jin Sang-Man , Kim Jae Hyeon , Jeon Hong Jin , Hur Kyu Yeon
Published: January 2024

Background: The effects of psychotic disorders on cardiometabolic diseases and premature death need to be determined in Asian populations.Methods: In this population-based matched cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2002 to 2018) was used. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, composite of all cardiometabolic diseases, and all-cause death during follow-up was compared between individuals with psychotic disorders treated with antipsychotics (n=48,162) and 1:1 matched controls without psychiatric disorders among adults without cardiometabolic diseases before or within 3 months after baseline.Results: In this cohort, 53,683 composite cases of all cardiometabolic diseases (during median 7.38 years), 899 AMI, and 1,216 ischemic stroke cases (during median 14.14 years), 7,686 T2DM cases (during median 13.26 years), and 7,092 deaths (during median 14.23 years) occurred. The risk of all outcomes was higher in subjects with psychotic disorders than matched controls (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.522 [1.446 to 1.602] for T2DM; 1.455 [1.251 to 1.693] for AMI; 1.568 [1.373 to 1.790] for ischemic stroke; 1.595 [1.565 to 1.626] for composite of all cardiometabolic diseases; and 2.747 [2.599 to 2.904] for all-cause mortality) during follow-up. Similar patterns of associations were maintained in subgroup analyses but more prominent in younger individuals (P for interaction <0.0001) when categorized as those aged 18–39, 40–64, or ≥65 years.Conclusion: Patients with psychotic disorders treated with antipsychotics were associated with increased risk of premature allcause mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes in an Asian population. This relationship was more pronounced in younger individuals, especially aged 18 to 39 years.
Mitochondrial Stress and Mitokines: Therapeutic Perspectives for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Zhang Benyuan , Chang Joon Young , Lee Min Hee , Ju Sang-Hyeon , Yi Hyon-Seung , Shong Minho
Published: January 2024

Mitochondrial stress and the dysregulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) are linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Mitokines, signaling molecules released by mitochondrial stress response and UPRmt, are crucial mediators of inter-organ communication and influence systemic metabolic and physiological processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mitokines, including their regulation by exercise and lifestyle interventions and their implications for various diseases. The endocrine actions of mitokines related to mitochondrial stress and adaptations are highlighted, specifically the broad functions of fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15, as well as their specific actions in regulating inter-tissue communication and metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the potential of physiological and genetic interventions to reduce the hazards associated with dysregulated mitokine signaling and preserve an equilibrium in mitochondrial stress-induced responses. This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial regulation of health and disease by exploring mitokine interactions and their regulation, which will facilitate the development of targeted therapies and personalized interventions to improve health outcomes and quality of life.
Intraoperative tourniquet-induced hyperthermia in a pediatric patient: a forgotten association -a case report-
Authors: Tageldin Tarek , Khan Muhammad Jaffar , Baykuziyev Temur , Ahmed Haitham
Published: January 2024

Background: The intraoperative use of tourniquets is associated with several complications, including hyperthermia. We present the first documented case of tourniquet-induced hyperthermia in a pediatric patient at our institution.Case: A 5-year-old female with no past medical history underwent tendon release surgery for congenital talipes equinovarus under general anesthesia. Following inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet to a pressure of 250 mmHg on her left thigh, the patient experienced a gradual increase in body temperature. Despite the implementation of cooling measures, the temperature continued to increase until it plateaued. The hyperthermia gradually resolved upon deflation of the tourniquet. Conclusions: Tourniquet-induced hyperthermia should be considered as a potential cause of intraoperative hyperthermia, particularly in the absence of typical signs of malignant hyperthermia. Early recognition and appropriate management, including deflation of the tourniquet and implementation of cooling measures, are crucial for preventing potential complications associated with hyperthermia.
Screening of Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) Shell for its Bioactive Secondary Metabolites and Analogous Pharmacotherapeutic Prospective
Authors: Sreekala V. , Dwivedi Kamal Nayan , Rajesh R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Coconut shell is an inexpensive, easily available, and usually discarded material from the plant source Cocos nucifera Linn. belonging to the Arecaceae family. The internal administration of water boiled with endocarp of coconut fruit (coconut shell) is used as a folklore remedy in Kerala for treating metabolic disorders. This folklore claim has to be scientifically validated by comprehensive chemical profiling of coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) shell.

Aim:

The present study was designed to conduct a systematic screening of coconut shell for identification of its bioactive secondary metabolites and validation of its analogous pharmacotherapeutic potentials.

Materials and Methods:

The present research work is focused on the screening of dried ripe coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) shell for its bioactive secondary metabolites based on microscopic, histochemical, and phytochemical studies.

Results:

Characteristic presence of thin-walled fibers and fibrosclereids were observed in the powder microscopy of coconut shell. Histochemical studies were suggestive of the presence of lignified cells and tannins in the test drug. Further phytochemical studies of Cocos nucifera Linn. ascertained that the endocarp is abounded with diverse bioactive phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, tannins, and saponins which possess varied antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic activities.

Conclusion:

The study outcome suggests coconut shell as a novel natural source of various bioactive secondary metabolites and these findings can be integrated for further researches exploring the comprehensive pharmacotherapeutic prospective of the test drug.
Safety Evaluation of Vatari Guggulu through Acute and 90-day Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Experimental Animals
Authors: Ala Srikanth , Sanjaya Kumar YR , Gaidhani Sudesh N. , Suneel Singh Vandhana , Reddy Viswanth , Jamdagni Shrirang B. , Selvam N Thamizh
Published: January 2024

Background:

Vatari Guggulu is an Ayurvedic Medicine used in the treatment of Vata disorders. It contains Vatari taila (Castor oil), Shuddha gandhaka (purified Sulphur), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica [Gaertn.] Roxb.), Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and guggul (Purified Commiphora mukul Hook). As per the Ayurvedic texts, it is widely used clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, hip pain, sciatica, gout, joint pain, and burning sensation. However, there are no systematic toxicity studies were performed to scientifically evaluate the safety of Vatari Guggulu.

Objectives:

The present study was designed to investigate the safety of Vatari Guggulu in acute and 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 408.

Materials and Methods:

During the acute toxicity, Vatari Guggulu was orally administered at a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. The mortality and clinical signs were observed for 14 days. Similarly, the 90-days repeated dose toxicity was studied by administering the Vatari Guggulu at a limit dose of 1000 mg/kg.

Results:

In the acute toxicity, there were no signs of toxicity, and the LD50 was calculated as >2000 mg/kg. During the 90 days of repeated dose toxicity, the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any signs of toxicity as compared to the control. The hematological, serum biochemical, and urine analysis profile of the Vatari Guggulu at the dose of 1000 mg/kg did not show any significant difference as compared to the control (P > 0.05). Further, the histopathological data of control and Vatari Guggulu-treated rats were found to be normal.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that the test drug Vatari Guggulu is found to be safe upto 2000 mg/kg in acute toxicity and 1000 mg/kg in 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity study. The NOAEL of Vatari Guggulu is established as 1000 mg/kg/day.
Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies for the Development of Quality Control Parameters for Stem Bark of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae)
Authors: Kumudhaveni Babu , Radha Ramalingam , Thirumal Margesan , Vijayabharathi Rajkishore
Published: January 2024

Background:

Plants are extremely useful to humankind as medicine, and hence the properties of medicinal plants have to be scientifically evaluated.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to establish pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters for stem bark of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae).

Materials and Methods:

Macroscopical, microscopical evaluation, powder microscopical studies, quantitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis, analysis of inorganic elements, and determination of heavy metal contamination were performed as per the World Health Organization guidelines and standard methods. To evaluate various phytoconstituents, phytochemical investigations such as preliminary phytochemical screening, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed.

Results:

Microscopical studies showed the presence of thick cortex, periderm cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibers, sieve elements, prismatic and granular calcium oxalate crystals, and resinous cells. The length and width of fibers, stone cells, and diameter of starch grains were measured. Physicochemical evaluation like ash values has shown total ash – 8.01% ± 0.02% w/w, acid-insoluble ash – 1.53% ± 0.02% w/w, water-soluble ash – 1.54% ± 0.01% w/w, sulfated ash – 12.02% ± 0.07% w/w, water-soluble hot extraction – 26.48 ± 0.02% w/w, cold maceration – 11.76% ± 0.04% w/w, alcohol soluble – 15.69% ± 0.03%w/w, ether soluble – 2.06% ± 0.03% w/w, and loss on drying – 4.88% ± 0.01% w/w.

Conclusion:

Pharmacognostical study on the stem bark of Ximenia americana may be reported as first. The results of pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies will be helpful for authentication and provide quality control parameters for the stem bark of this plant.
Postcoarctation Syndrome Following Aortic Stenting in a Patient with Mid-aortic Syndrome Secondary to Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Kantala Santhosh Reddy , Razi Mustafa , Burli Pradeep , Gupta Prem Chand
Published: January 2024

Balloon angioplasty and stenting have become established interventions for addressing aortic stenosis resulting from Takayasu arteritis. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of Takayasu arteritis who presented with refractory hypertension due to stenosis in the descending thoracic aorta. Endovascular treatment involving balloon angioplasty and stenting was successfully performed, resulting in the normalization of her blood pressure. However, within 18 h postprocedure, the patient developed severe abdominal pain. Despite transabdominal ultrasonography, the source of pain remained elusive. Postcoarctation syndrome was considered a potential diagnosis, prompting the initiation of treatment with angiotensin receptor inhibitors. Subsequently, the patient experienced a reduction in pain, and her condition stabilized, leading to her discharge in a satisfactory state.
Comparative Evaluation of Debris and Irrigation Extruded Apically Using Different Design of Needles and Penetration Depth - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Habeeb Maha A.
Published: January 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to measure the amount of material extruded in the periapical area using three irrigation needles (Max-I-Probe, NaviTip Fx and IrriFlex flexible needle).

Materials and Methods:

Mandibular premolars were selected for this study and glass vials were used to gather the extruded debris and they were preweighed. The samples were divided into two groups: Group A (1 mm penetration of needle from working length), which was subdivided into three subgroups: Subgroup A1: Irrigation was made by Max-I-Probe. Subgroup A2: Irrigation was made by NaviTip Fx. Subgroup A3: Irrigation was made by IrriFlex flexible needle. Group B (3 mm penetration of needle), which was subdivided into three subgroups: Subgroup B1: Irrigation was made by Max-I-Probe. Subgroup B2: Irrigation was made by NaviTip Fx. Subgroup B3: Irrigation was made by IrriFlex flexible needle. XP-endo Shaper was used for chemomechanical preparation. After removal from vials, the teeth were incubated and then removed from the incubator and weighed again three times. The average of the readings was taken. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significance difference tests were applied to analyse data.

Results:

All of the needles caused debris extrusion. There was a significant difference between groups (P ≤ 0.001) according to the depth of penetration. The lowest value for debris was observed in subgroup B3 while subgroup A2 had shown the highest mean.

Conclusion:

Results revealed that the design and depth of needles significantly affected the debris extrusion. Using more flexible needles and shorter penetration depth for irrigation so that we don’t need to push the needles so far apically.
Rare Hybrid Tumor of Odontogenic Fibromyxoma and Central Giant Cell Granuloma in Maxilla: First Reported Case
Authors: Pandey Narayan Dutt , Bagul Sushilkumar Balasaheb , Talmohite Rajeev Ramesh , Choudhary Amit Kumar
Published: January 2024

Fibromyxoma is a locally aggressive rare benign tumor of mesenchymal origin with or without odontogenic epithelium. The etiology of this tumor remains unknown and it is responsible for approximately 3–8% of all cysts and tumors. Another locally destructive benign lesion is central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) which contains osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. CGCG accounts for about 7% of all benign jaw tumors, which usually affects younger females. A hybrid lesion with histologic features of both central fibromyxoma and CGCG has not been reported in the literature so far. In the present article, we report the first case of a hybrid tumor comprising odontogenic fibromyxoma with CGCG in a female along with a brief review of its clinical presentation, radiographic features, histological features, and management.
Anticariogenic Potential of Tabernaemontana Divaricata
Authors: John Mini K. , Cheriyan David Z.
Published: January 2024

Context:

Many parts of Tabernaemontana divaricata (T. divaricata) including its leaf is used for the analgesic and antibacterial purpose by Adivasis of Kerala.

Aims:

To evaluate the antibacterial potential of T. divaricata against common caries pathogens like S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

Settings and Design:

Research is done in Biogenix Research Lab, Thiruvananthapuram.

Methods and Material:

Ethyl alcoholic extract of T. divaricata leaves is tested for its antibacterial action against common caries pathogens at various levels. It includes assessing the leaves’ antibacterial activity, acid production of bacteria in the presence of the study sample, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) and colony forming units (CFU) levels in the presence of the leaf extract.

Statistical Analysis Used:

In descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation is used. Mann–Whitney U test, Independent Students T-test, Student Paired T-test, and One-way ANOVA followed by Turkeys Post hoc analysis are the tests used in inferential statistics.

Results:

It is found that T. divaricata has substantial antibacterial action against S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

Conclusions:

Our indigenous plants have a lot of medicinal properties. T. divaricata is no exception to this, though it is commonly considered as a garden plant. In the current study, it has been proven that its leaves have antibacterial action against oral pathogens. So, the research has to be taken to a further level for its medicinal application.
Management of Post-implant Inferior Alveolar Neuropathy, Utilizing Autologous Fibrin Glue, Concentrated Growth Factors and Enriched Bone Graft Matrix—A Case Report with 5 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Dhanaraj Siva Prakash , Anguswamy Sriganesh , Dominic Narmadha , Sarfoji Arun , Kayathri  , Sukanya Ashwini
Published: January 2024

This case report explains meticulous management of 5 year old, inferior alveolar nerve neuropathy, following placement of dental implants in the mandible. The imperative situation was that ‘implants placed were not in contact with the nerve, but triggered neuralgic pain’. The objective of the treatment was to identify, and eliminate the causative factor, and to promote nerve regeneration, with pain relief. Treatment protocol and inferior alveolar nerve [IAN] sensory function evaluation were done following ‘Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury during Dental Implant Placement Surgery Protocol’ [IANIDIS—Protocol]. Impregnation of autologous concentrated growth factors and enriched bone graft matrix [Sticky Bone™], at the surgical site, aided effective hard and soft tissue regeneration, restoring comfort to the patient.
Effects of Hydrogen-rich Water on Cariogenic Bacteria
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Kim Eungyung , Hong Su-Hyung , Kim Kirim , Kim Eun-Kyong , Kim Myoung-Ok
Published: January 2024

Context:

Some kinds of electrolysed water have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and bactericidal activity. However, studies on the effect of electrolysed hydrogen-rich water (EHW) with a neutral pH on cariogenic bacteria are limited.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using EHW as a mouthwash by examining its various effects on cariogenic bacteria.

Materials and Methods:

To test the bactericidal and anti-biofilm formation effects of EHW on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, bacterial growth curves, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and crystal violet staining of biofilms were examined after exposing the bacterial pellets to EHW or tap water as a control for one minute. In addition, the expressions of glucosyltransferase and glucan-binding proteins encoding genes were examined using real-time PCR.

Results:

Bacterial growth and biofilm formation were inhibited, and the number of CFUs was significantly reduced in the EHW group compared to the control group. The expression of genes encoding glucosyltransferases (gtfB, gtfC, and gtfI) and glucan-binding proteins (gbpC and dblB) were also decreased in the EHW group compared to the control.

Conclusions:

Exposing cariogenic bacteria to EHW at neutral pH for one minute can effectively inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation in vitro, suggesting that EHW is a promising mouthwash.
Exposure to Toluene Di-isocyanate and Respiratory Effects in Flexible Polyurethane Foam Industries in Western India
Authors: Raghavan S. , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Doctor Pankaj B. , RekhaKashyap  , Mahamad Asif M. , Mansuri Parveen R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Flexible foam industry largely uses 2,4 and 2,6 Toluene di-isocyanate as main raw materials and chronic exposure to its result in occupational asthma. The exposure to di-isocyanates might be higher due to the usage of obsolete technology, hand-mixing methods and working in confined spaces with insufficient local exhaust ventilation systems in developing countries. Exposure studies in flexible foam industries have not been done in developing countries.

Objective:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) exposures and respiratory health of the workers working in the seven flexible polyurethane foam industries located in Western India during 2010-2013.

Method:

A total of 128 personal air samples collected and evaluated for total TDI concentration using improved Occupational Safety and Head Administration method number 42. Then 194 workers were covered for complete clinical examination and spirometry for assessing respiratory health.

Results:

In all, 17.83% of air samples exceeded the ACGIH TWA-TLV of 0.005 ppm for TDI. Though only 11 (5.6%) workers had respiratory complaints, the spirometry revealed that 19 (9.8%) and four (2.1%) had restrictive and obstructive type of pulmonary function impairment, respectively.

Conclusion:

The TWA concentration of TDI exceeded at raw material storage, mixing, foaming, block cutting and curing areas in four out of seven industries even in the presence of local exhaust systems. The respiratory health effect is less when compared to exposure to TDI, suitable preventive and control measures were suggested based on the study findings to the stakeholders to prevent the increase of respiratory health effects.
Ocular Injury due to Arecanut
Authors: Gondchawar Ankush , Ravishankar HN , Sagar Pradeep , Tekade Pradeep , Biswal Suchitra K. , Mahesha S
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the ocular manifestations and visual outcomes of ocular injury by arecanut.

Methods:

We analysed cases with ocular injury by arecanut from August 2018 to December 2019, retrospectively. Mode of injury, visual acuity and ocular manifestations of trauma were recorded.

Results:

Out of the 40 cases, closed globe injuries were seen in 97.5% of cases. All the injuries were due to the direct impact of arecanut during harvesting. The mean age was 45.15 ± 12.84 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation was 20/40. A significant number of cases (35%) required surgical intervention. Mean BCVA at final follow-up was 20/30 but 16.66% of cases had BCVA of <20/60 even after definitive therapy.

Conclusion:

Ocular trauma due to arecanut is an important and preventable cause of visual impairment in central Karnataka. Modifications in harvesting technique would prevent ocular injuries.