bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning from Experience
Authors: Evans Norman
Published: July 2017

The integration of in-house professional training with academic awards systems has developed rapidly in the UK over the past few years. The author sets out the basic rationale for credit rating of in-house company training for academic qualifications, maps the development of the trend in the UK, and argues that the benefits of this kind of collaboration between business and higher education can be substantial and wide-ranging for both parties.
Industrial Liaison Officers
Authors: Handscombe Robert D.
Published: July 2017

Universities in the UK, in common with many other public sector organizations, are being required to identify and use performance indicators. This article looks at some of the issues involved in measuring the performance of the director of industrial liaison and his or her support staff.
HE Trading Companies
Authors: Leonard Charles
Published: July 2017

The general and legislative background to HE trading companies in the UK is outlined. The optimum company structure is described and the advantages to the host institution and the customer are detailed. The article also touches on some of the tax issues raised by HE trading companies.
Helping Industry towards Continuous Improvement
Authors: Bessant J. , Burnell J. , Harding R. , Webb S.
Published: July 2017

The CIRCA project (‘Continuous Improvement, Research for Competitive Advantage’) is an innovative collaboration between industrial and academic partners to enable industry to harness and exploit its most valuable resource – the creativity and enthusiasm of its employees. The authors discuss the principles and components of CIRCA in the context of the significant potential offered to industry by the introduction and development of continuous improvement.
A Partnership with Industry
Authors: Borbely Edward G.
Published: July 2017

Graduate credit instruction is provided to professional engineers at their worksites by the Off-Campus Graduate Education Program and Columbia Video Network. Instruction is either through a live two-way video link or videotapes. The programme offers substantial benefits to the university, to industry and to the off-campus students themselves. The future for such programmes is a challenging one and will be affected by such factors as the need for universities to diversify away from their traditional functions; the advantages to industry of being able to select the best courses and institutions, irrespective of location; continuing down-sizing of technology-based companies; and the need to serve displaced workers.
Bridging the Technology Transfer Gap
Authors: Leonard Charles
Published: July 2017

The cost–benefits of academic–industry alliances are examined as well as the mechanisms to achieve maximum benefit to all the participants. Strategies to ensure the effective transfer of technology from universities to enterprises are reviewed and suggestions on how these might be refined and supported are offered. The article also touches on the role of a university trading company which can be pivotal in enhancing and expanding academic–industry links.
University—Business Partnerships
Authors: Barden Laing
Published: July 2017

Regional differences between, for example, the centre and the periphery and between urban and rural areas result in different forms of university–industry collaboration. This article examines different forms of international linkages and sets them in the context of such perennial industry–higher education issues as the involvement of SMEs, the different forms of technology transfer and the advantages of collaboration to the respective parties.
The Changing Face of Technological and Vocational Education in the Republic of China on Taiwan
Authors: Boyd Thomas F. , Lee Chuan
Published: July 2017

Taiwan is now one of the world's largest trading economies. The country has made a smooth transition from a labour-intensive economy to a high-technology, service-industry base. The predominantly private post-secondary vocational system, write the authors of this paper, was the main mechanism for the implementation of this successful development. However, success brings problems and challenges, and the Ministry of Education in Taiwan continues to strive to direct the national curriculum to meet the projected manpower requirements to fuel the country's economic growth. The authors assess the rapidly evolving technological and vocational education system and review the Ministry of Education's plans to make substantial changes to the system, and to the way in which Taiwanese society perceives academic as against technical and vocational education.
Academic Support for Enterprise in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Struthers John , Wylie John , Young Alistair
Published: July 2017

The profound changes which are transforming the economies of the former Soviet Union have implications for the relationships between industry and higher education. This paper reports on a recent investigation of the interactions between the two sectors in a single Russian city. However, it is likely that the experience recorded may be of more general relevance. The authors argue that in the turbulent economic conditions prevailing in Russia (and, no doubt, in many other formerly centrally planned economies) academic institutions may play a crucial contributory role in enterprise development. This is true for the obvious (but nonetheless important) reason that academic institutions provide the necessary educational infrastructure; but it is also true, less obviously, because the creation of new enterprises depends on the establishment of effective ‘networks’, and academic institutions may play a central role in establishing such networks.
Dangerous Curves
Authors: van Vught F.A.
Published: July 2017

In this article, detailed data are presented to indicate the growing participation rates in higher education in seven countries – France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, the UK and the USA. The author argues that participation rates in higher education will continue to increase and that, while such growth will not be unconstrained and indefinite, it will continue for the forseeable future and therefore must be reckoned with in the development of higher education policies. The notion that higher education can increasingly be funded from private sources is challenged on the basis that private funding is very largely geared to research and service activities, which generate the funds, rather than to teaching. The trend curves that are presented here, showing increasing participation and an increase in private funding, are therefore ‘dangerous’, in that the ‘education’ component of higher education is threatened with erosion.
Building a Global Learning Organization
Authors: Marquardt Michael J.
Published: July 2017

Two of the most critical issues facing business today are globalization and learning. Becoming a global learning organization is now essential for success in the marketplace. Based on research and experience with 50 organizations identified as learning organizations, the author noted 19 attributes or dimensions which were common to most of these organizations, namely: individual learning; group learning; streamlined structure; corporate learning culture; empowerment; environmental scanning; knowledge creation and transfer; learning technology; quality; learning strategy; supportive atmosphere; teamwork and networking; vision; acculturization; borders; globalization; language; leadership; and workforce diversity. Professor Marquardt concludes with 14 steps or actions which a company might consider in building itself into a global learning organization.
Ethics at the Interface
Authors: Bridgstock Martin
Published: July 2017

As academic science and industry work more and more closely together, ethical problems are likely to arise. These include the balancing of industrial requirements with public safety, the restriction of information flow in both research and teaching, the exploitation of knowledge acquired in academia and the declaration of conflicts of interest. Interviews indicated that academics were unyielding in their concern for public safety and generally condemned concealed conflicts of interest. However, they were much less concerned about the restriction of information flow in both research and teaching and generally regarded the commercial exploitation of knowledge acquired in academia as legitimate.
New Paradigms in International University/Industry/Government Cooperation
Authors: Bulgak Akif Asil , Liquan He
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an innovative international cooperation project design in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) between Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China and Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The project has been developed for the Special University Linkage Consolidation Programme that was one of the new initiatives included in a letter of intent signed by the Canadian Prime Minister and the Chinese Premier in 1994. The project covers a broad spectrum of engineering and technology management issues which are targeted to be helpful in China's present transition to a market economy. AMT in this paper includes not only the substantial body of knowledge regarding the design, fabrication, and assembly of goods but also management of these technologies with particular emphases on environmental issues and the human dimension (as they relate to manufacturing). The main objective of the project is human resource development and training to address the priorities and needs of a rapidly changing industry in the People's Republic of China by means of university/industry/government collaboration involving both Canadian and Chinese partners. The project aims to advance the knowledge of new manufacturing techniques, management methods, and product advantage with increased attention paid to the environment.
Industry/University Centres in the USA
Authors: Betz Frederick
Published: July 2017

For two decades, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has had two programmes to sponsor industry/university centres: the Industry/University Cooperative Research (IUCRC) Program and the Engineering Research Centers (ERC) Program. To date, over 70 IUCRC centres have been started by NSF, and over 25 ERC centres have been started. NSF also has a programme to encourage industry/university partnerships on individual projects. From these and other programmes, many lessons have been learned for encouraging productive industry/university/government research partnerships. This article generalizes lessons about appropriate partnerships.
Intellectual Property in a Knowledge Society
Authors: McBrierty Vincent , Kinsella Raymond P.
Published: July 2017

Ireland is currently experiencing burgeoning inward investment and economic growth. The ability to attract inward investment is largely due to a well-educated and trained workforce and a rapidly developing innovation culture in the universities and elsewhere. Accordingly, the role of the university has changed radically in the new innovation age because of the heightened strategic importance of education in a society which is now truly knowledge-driven. The ability to exploit new knowledge is intimately linked to the protection of new ideas. Ireland, like most of Europe, lags behind the USA in the area of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The authors discuss the importance of redressing this problem as a matter of urgency.
Development of Industrial and Commercial Management in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Churcher John , Worgan Patricia
Published: July 2017

UK higher education, in partnership with UK industry, contributes positively to the training of managers and entrepreneurs from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), the New Independent States and Russia. Since 1992, the University of Luton has delivered management training courses in CEE and the former Soviet Union (FSU), developing expertise to assist both UK companies and CEE/FSU managers to understand the different attitudes and experiences that will help to overcome potential partnership problems and encourage East-West industries to take full advantage of the increasing trading opportunities. This case study analyses the management training programmes, and details pre- and post-training insights.
Report
Authors: Feest Tim
Published: July 2017

The author attended the Annual Assembly of the Engineering Professors' Council, held at St Catherine's College, Oxford, on 6–8 April 1998. He reports on the presentations, discussions and debates. The principal concern was the relationship between the higher education sector and engineering employers and the need for higher education institutions to recognize and deliver engineering graduates with sufficient ‘added value’ to be capable of quickly adding to the value of an engineering company. Measuring the quality of teaching and research in UK universities, a key factor in adding value to students, remains a problem area for the academic staff.
Entrepreneurs' Technical Assistance Program (ETAP)
Authors: Fraikor F.J. , Purcell S.K. , Taylor R.J.
Published: July 2017

In June 1993, the US Department of Energy announced the decision to shut down production of nuclear weapon components at its Rocky Flats plant located near Denver, Colorado, and begin a long-term clean-up of the facility. Faced with very severe economic impacts from downsizing the facility (approximately 8,000 employees at its peak), federal, state, and local governments formed a Community Reuse Organization to develop and implement strategies to mitigate the effects of displaced workers and lost income. This paper describes an innovative partnership concept, specifically aimed at providing technology-based start-up companies with world-class university expertise that they otherwise could not afford.
Web Authoring: Transferable Skills for Graduates of the Future
Authors: Littlejohn A.H. , Macrosson W. D. K.
Published: July 2017

At the University of Strathclyde, second-year students reading for the BA in International Business and Modern Languages are being supported in developing personal transferable skills in communication via the World Wide Web (WWW). The ‘Webskills Initiative’ immerses them in major aspects of Website creation, including writing, design, preparation of graphics and Web page authoring. The aim of this paper is to present the Webskills Initiative as a case study and to examine the reactions of students to the course. There is also an analysis of student attitudes to using the WWW as a medium for communication.
An Evaluation of a UK Energy Conservation Programme
Authors: Löfstedt Ragnar E.
Published: July 2017

This paper evaluates the Department of the Environment's Helping the Earth Begins at Home Campaign that was carried out in the early 1990s from a global warming perception perspective. The study is based on both qualitative and quantitative research in the UK including random telephone surveys and interviews with policy makers. The study shows that the campaign largely failed for two reasons: a) the majority of the respondents did not make a link between their own energy consumption and global warming and b) the respondent's still confused global warming with the ozone hole.
Air Pollution, Health and Exercise: A Review
Authors: Jenkins Simon , Hay David
Published: July 2017

The effects of air pollution on health are complex. Carbon monoxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide have received most attention from scientific research. Until recently, however, the role of particulates has been much neglected. While there is a good understanding of the effects of certain pollutants in isolation, there is a poor understanding of the combined effects of different pollutants found in ambient air. The interactions between air pollution, allergic respiratory disease and exercise are the focus of this paper. Epidemiological studies suggest that allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever have become more common over the last 50 years. Air pollution is not implicated directly, but there is evidence that air pollutants can alter airway reactivity and exacerbate asthma in allergic individuals. Exercise is an important factor because most asthmatics are prone to asthma triggered by moderate to severe exercise. The clinical evidence for health risks associated with atmospheric pollution is considerable, but the epidemiological evidence is less convincing. We find that this field of research is still largely unresolved and is hampered by conflicting use of terminology. In particular, the distinction between allergic disease and (less definitive) ‘sensitivities’ must be clarified. Further research is needed and the associations between sensitivity to air pollutants disease and exercise should be a focus.
Energy, Environment and Technology in The Former Ussr: The Case of Fossil-Fuelled Power Stations and Acid Rain Emissions
Authors: Hill Malcolm R.
Published: July 2017

This paper provides perspectives on atmospheric pollution in the former USSR, and the technological factors which influence the levels of these emissions. The first part of the paper provides an estimate of the scale of atmospheric pollution in the former USSR, with particular reference to acid rain emissions in general and from the power generation industry in particular; followed by a discussion of recent and future fuel preferences in the former Soviet region. This discussion is then followed by descriptions of the combustion processes used in the power generation industry in the former USSR, with attention being drawn to the levels of SOx and NOx emissions from these various fuels and processes. These emissions are compared with those from advanced combustion processes used in Western countries, and the paper is then concluded with a list of those technologies which are the most likely candidates for transfer to the former USSR for the reduction of acid rain emissions.
Energy and the Environment 'The Nuclear Option'
Authors: Hawley Robert
Published: July 2017

The world's consumption of primary energy continues to rise rapidly, mainly because of the developing countries who cannot yet provide the services essential to improving the quality of life. Increasing energy consumption, the effect it will have on the world's finite resources and, more importantly, on the environment, leave the world's population facing serious challenges. This paper will briefly consider the power generation technology options that offer sustainable development including the role that nuclear power plays today, and will need to play in the next century, to preserve and improve the quality of life worldwide.
Classifying Feminist Research: Exploring the Psychological Impact of Social Class on Mothers' Involvement in Children's Schooling
Authors: Reay Diane
Published: July 2017

Drawing on a research study exploring mothers' involvement in their children's primary schooling, this article attempts to bring together two superficially unconnected areas of research; feminist work on mothering and theorizing on social class. When the experience of being working or middle class is explored psychologically the psychology of social class emerges as something that permeates women's experience of their children's schooling. In particular, a wide range of emotions, both positive and negative, infuse mothers' activities. While there are important commonalities in mothers' emotional responses to children's education, the psychological impact of being working or middle class translates into a very different emotional relationship to children's schooling for the mothers in this study.
Measuring agreement in method comparison studies
Authors: Bland J Martin , Altman Douglas G
Published: July 2017

Agreement between two methods of clinical measurement can be quantified using the differences between observations made using the two methods on the same subjects. The 95% limits of agreement, estimated by mean difference 1.96 standard deviation of the differences, provide an interval within which 95% of differences between measurements by the two methods are expected to lie. We describe how graphical methods can be used to investigate the assumptions of the method and we also give confidence intervals. We extend the basic approach to data where there is a relationship between difference and magnitude, both with a simple logarithmic transformation approach and a new, more general, regression approach. We discuss the importance of the repeatability of each method separately and compare an estimate of this to the limits of agreement. We extend the limits of agreement approach to data with repeated measurements, proposing new estimates for equal numbers of replicates by each method on each subject, for unequal numbers of replicates, and for replicated data collected in pairs, where the underlying value of the quantity being measured is changing. Finally, we describe a nonparametric approach to comparing methods.
Localization of the mouse defense lectin ficolin B in lysosomes of activated macrophages
Authors: Runza Valeria L. , Hehlgans Thomas , Echtenacher Bernd , Zähringer Ulrich , Schwaeble Wilhelm J. , Männel Daniela N.
Published: July 2017

Ficolins are pattern-recognition molecules of the innate immune system able to trigger the lectin pathway of the complement activation upon binding to microbial surfaces. In humans, two plasma ficolins have been identified and characterized, whereas a third cell-associated ficolin (M-ficolin) was found on monocyte surfaces. The mouse homologue of M-ficolin is called ficolin B. Although the spatial—temporal expression patterns of mouse ficolins have been described recently, the subcellular localization of ficolin B protein is so far unknown. By using ficolin B-specific antibodies and confocal microscopy, we show that ficolin B is expressed within mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages and is co-localized with Lamp-1, a marker for lysosomes and late endosomes. In addition, the data indicate that ficolin B expression is up-regulated upon macrophage activation.
Endotoxin evaluation of eleven lipopolysaccharides by whole blood assay does not always correlate with Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
Authors: Dehus Oliver , Hartung Thomas , Hermann Corinna
Published: July 2017

More than 90% of all publications on endotoxin were carried out with endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) from enterobacteriaceae. We compared the immune stimulatory potency of 11 different LPSs using human whole blood incubations. While the majority of LPSs induced cytokine release equipotently, a 1000-fold more LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Vibrio cholerae was still less potent in inducing TNF, IL-1β, IL-10 and IFN-γ though it potently induced nanogram quantities IL-8. All LPSs tested, regardless of the micro-organism, showed Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependence, except for the LPSs from P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae, which were both TLR4- and TLR2-dependent. Interestingly, UV-inactivated P. aeruginosa bacteria, although Gram-negative, also showed TLR2- and TLR4-dependence. Repurification of commercial LPS preparations by phenol re-extraction led to a complete loss of the TLR2 dependency, indicating contamination with lipoproteins. In the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, often performed to exclude contamination in purified water likely to originate from P. aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa LPS was only 2-fold less potent than LPS from S. abortus equi or the assay standard LPS from E. coli. This results in an overestimation of pyrogenic burden by a factor of 500 in the sample when compared with the biological activity of highly purified P. aeruginosa LPS in human whole blood.
Impaired response of VLDL lipid and apoB secretion to endotoxin in the fasted rat liver
Authors: Aspichueta Patricia , Pérez-Agote Begoña , Pérez Silvia , Ochoa Begoña , Fresnedo Olatz
Published: July 2017

Bacterial infection elicits hypertriglyceridemia attributed to increased hepatic production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and decreased peripheral metabolism. The mechanisms underlying VLDL overproduction in sepsis are as yet unclear, but seem to be fed/fasted state-dependent. To learn more about this, we investigated hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats, made endotoxic by 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, for their ability to secrete the VLDL protein and lipid components. The results were then related to lipogenesis markers and expression of genes critical to VLDL biogenesis. Endotoxic rats showed increased levels of serum VLDL-apoB (10-fold), -triglyceride (2-fold), and -cholesterol (2-fold), whereby circulating VLDL were lipid-poor particles. Similarly, VLDL-apoB secretion by isolated endotoxic hepatocytes was ~85% above control, whereas marginal changes in the output of VLDL-lipid classes occurred. This was accompanied by a substantial rise in apoB and a moderate rise in MTP mRNA levels, but with basal de novo formation and efficiency of secretion of triglycerides, cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. These results indicate that during periods of food restriction, endotoxin does not enhance lipid provision to accomplish normal lipidation of overproduced apoB molecules, though this does occur to a sufficient extent to pass the proteasome checkpoint and secretion of lipid-poor, type 2 VLDL takes place.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and adhesion of U937 cells to endothelial cells involves barium chloride sensitive hyperpolarization
Authors: Erdogan Ali , Schaefer Christian Alexander , Most Astrid Kerstin , Schaefer Martina Barbara , Mayer Konstantin , Tillmanns Harald , Kuhlmann Christoph Ruediger Wolfram
Published: July 2017

The adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium and their proliferation in the subendothelial space play an important role in atherosclerosis. Since the proliferation and migration of cells are influenced by the activity of ion channels, the aim of this study was to examine whether barium chloride (Ba2+)-sensitive potassium channels (KiCa) are involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation of monocytic U937 cells, and in the adhesion of these cells to endothelial cells. The adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells to endothelial cells reached a maximum at a concentration of 5 µg/ml. This effect of LPS was completely abolished in the presence of Ba2+ (100 µmol/l). In addition, LPS-induced proliferation was significantly reduced by Ba 2+ (control, 100%; LPS 5 µg/ml, 175%; LPS + Ba2+ 100 µmol/l, 136%; n = 12, P < 0.05). To examine whether KiCa are activated by LPS, changes of U937 membrane potential were determined. LPS (5 µg/ml) caused a hyperpolarization of U937 cells indicating a flux of K+ ions out of the cells. This effect was completely blocked by Ba2+ (100 µmol/l). In conclusion, we demonstrate that LPS activates KiCa in U937 cells, which is responsible for LPS-induced adhesion of these cells to endothelial cells, and to the proliferation of U937 cells.
The interferon response to bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Pietras Eric M. , Saha Supriya K. , Genhong Cheng
Published: July 2017

Type I interferons (IFNs) were first described several decades ago as soluble factors that were capable of `interfering' with viral replication when added to infected cells. Type I IFNs have been shown to be induced by recognition of viral DNA and RNA via three distinct pathways: (i) a TRIFdependent pathway in macrophages via TLRs 3 and 4; (ii) a MyD88-dependent pathway in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) via TLRs 7/8 and 9; and (iii) an intracellular recognition pathway utilizing the cytoplasmic receptors RIG-I/MDA5. Interestingly, these viral recognition pathways converge on TRAF3, which induces interferon through the activation of IRF3 or IRF7 by the TBK-1 and IKKi complexes. While type I IFN has been traditionally associated with antiviral responses, recent studies have demonstrated that many bacteria also induce type I interferon responses. The mechanisms of type I IFN induction and its role in host defense, however, are largely unclear. Studies with the Gram-positive intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes indicated that it may trigger type I IFN induction through novel TLR-independent intracellular receptors and type I IFN may play a detrimental role to host response against listerial infection. In this article, we summarize some of these findings and discuss the functional differences of type I IFNs in bacterial and viral infections.
NALP3: a key player in caspase-1 activation
Authors: Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Ogura Yasunori , Zamboni Dario S. , Roy Craig R. , Flavell Richard A.
Published: July 2017

The NLR (NACHT-LRR) family of proteins have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses and cell death pathways. Some NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory caspases. Mutations in the NALP3/CIAS1/cryopyrin gene, a member of the NLR family, are linked to three auto-inflammatory disorders: Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. NALP3 along with the adaptor molecule ASC activates caspase-1 in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Here we review recent findings on the biology of NALP3 suggesting that it has functions beyond that of pathogen recognition.
Both basal and enhancer κB elements are required for full induction of the mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase gene
Authors: Murphy W.J. , Muroi M. , Zhang C.X. , Suzuki T. , Russell S.W.
Published: July 2017

The transcriptional regulatory region of the mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene has two KB elements, one enhancer-linked (KBII) and the other (KBI) proximal to its core promoter. Mutation of κBII substantially reduced the extent to which the iNOS promoter could be induced by LPS and interfered with augmented responsiveness of the promoter to LPS+IFN-γ. Mutation of KBI had a quantitatively less dramatic negative effect on LPS responsiveness and this construct still showed augmented responsiveness to LPS+IFN-γ. When both KB elements were mutated, inducibility by LPS and, in particular, by LPS+IFN-γ was paradoxically restored, compared with the mutated KBII alone, suggesting cooperative interactions among the transcription factors that trans-activate the iNOS gene. In vivo footprint analysis showed that both KB elements were bound by protein complexes when macrophages were stimulated with LPS ± IFN-γ. Furthermore, KBI was bound even in untreated cells, suggesting that KB binding proteins might also have a negative influence on expression of the gene. Both KBI and KBII were bound by NF-KB/Rel proteins found in nuclear extracts prepared from macrophages treated with LPS ± IFN-γ, although the specificity of binding to each element was different. Our results show that, while NF-KB/Rel proteins are required for maximal expression of the iNOS gene, alone they are not alone sufficient. Furthermore, the results reported here show that the augmentative effect of IFN-γ on the LPS-induced expression of the iNOS gene is not mediated through increased activation of NF-KB/Rel.
Group Work Intervention with Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Richter Nancy L. , Snider Elizabeth , Gorey Kevin M.
Published: July 2017

Closed process groups (15 sessions) cofacilitated by experienced post-MSW female social workers within a generalist problem-solving framework were offered to 115 survivors of childhood sexual abuse. This quasi-experimental study compared group work intervention with a waiting-list comparison group on measures of depression and self-esteem. Survivors who completed the group work intervention (86.6%) were significantly less depressed and had significantly improved self-esteem as compared with their wait-listed counterparts. Consistent across the three outcome measures at immediate posttest, nearly three quarters of the intervention group members' scores were less than the waiting-list group's average score. At 6-month follow-up (75.6% completed), the positive effects tended to be even larger.
Comprehensive Assessment in Social Work Practice: The Multi-Problem Screening Inventory
Authors: Hudson Walter W. , McMurtry Steven L.
Published: July 2017

Findings are reported from an initial evaluation of a new multidimensional assessment tool, the Multi-Problem Screening Inventory (MPSI). The inventory gathers information on 27 different areas of personal and social functioning and is designed for use by human service practitioners in a variety of settings. Basic guidelines for using the instrument are detailed, with emphasis given to the preparation and interpretation of graphic profiles for rapid but comprehensive client assessments. Reliabilities and validities obtained for each of the subscales are then reviewed, along with suggestions for further development and use of the MPSI in clinical trials and research applications.
Assessing the Utility of the Drug Abuse Screening Test in the Workplace
Authors: El-Bassel Nabila , Schilling Robert F. , Schinke Steven , Orlandi Mario , Sun Wei-Huei , Back Sara
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility and assess the psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) in a sample of persons receiving services from an employee assistance program (EAP). Study participants (N = 176) were union members, including identified drug users and nonusers. As in other studies, the DAST was found to have a high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and item-total scale correlation. Also consistent with previous reports, factor analysis identified 5 factors. The multifactor solution of the DAST underscores the importance of measuring and assessing substance use along a continuum of early recognition to its more advanced stages. DAST scores were correlated with family, financial status, job performance, mental health problems, and alcohol abuse. Study findings lend support to the DAST as a practical screening tool for use by human resource workers who provide services for substance-using individuals who are receiving services in an EAP setting.
Toward Welfare That Works
Authors: Opulente Mary , Mattaini Mark A.
Published: July 2017

Welfare reform is high on the national agenda. This article clarifies facts about the welfare system, provides behavioral analyses of welfare and working, and reviews current and potential policy initiatives with potential for producing lasting solutions. The most frequent approach to the issue has been to cut benefits and exhort those on welfare to obtain employment, which may not be available or for which they may not be prepared However, the demand to look more closely before cutting already desperately limited resources for families and children is not simply the cry of the old-time liberal; it is also the conclusion of the careful empiricist. Analysis of the data suggest that (a) the most effective approaches will be those that are based primarily on offering adequate supports and incentives and (b) indiscriminate cuts and sanction-based programs are often based in myth and are likely to be ineffective and produce undesirable side effects.
A Census of Outdoor Orientation Programs at Four-Year Colleges in the United States
Authors: Bell Brent J. , Holmes Marion Reid , Williams Brady G.
Published: July 2017

Researchers surveyed colleges and universities in the United States to assess the number providing outdoor orientation programs (OOPs). OOPs are defined as college orientation programs that work with small groups (15 or fewer) of first-year students, use adventure experiences, and include at least one overnight in a wilderness setting. This census identified and received survey data from 164 separate OOPs, representing at least 97% of all programs. From the data, researchers ascertained common peer practices describing the current state of OOPs. Although programs differed significantly by age and by size, programs generally shared common practices. With the number of OOPs growing—an average of 10 new OOPs begin each year—the current census was designed to better understand how OOPs operate and how they may be changing.
Investigating Praxis Inquiry within Teacher Education Using Giddens' Structuration Theory
Authors: Burridge Peter , Carpenter Cathryn , Cherednichenko Brenda , Kruger Tony
Published: July 2017

Partnerships are the foundation of teacher education at Victoria University in Australia. They provide opportunities for preservice teachers to be inquiring and socially active practitioners. These partnerships have been developed between the university and a broad range of educational settings in the community. Preservice teachers work in these settings, evaluating and responding to the educational needs of the organization as well as the individual learners and their families.

Utilizing the components of Giddens' structuration theory as the theoretical basis for analysis, we analyzed three case studies of this practice-driven or praxis-inquiry approach to teacher education through partnerships. The exploration of the experiences described suggests that praxis inquiry is an approach that contributes to effective personalized learning opportunities, increased human agency, and broader perspectives on social responsibility. This research methodology explores new approaches to researching practice and to building the capacity of educators to understand practice and its impact through reflexive inquiry.
Effects of a College Adventure Orientation Program on Student Development Behaviors
Authors: Vlamis Ekaterini , Bell Brent J. , Gass Michael
Published: July 2017

This study examined the effects of an adventure orientation program on the student development behaviors of incoming first-year students at Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York. Student development was measured by a condensed version of the Student Development Task Inventory-2 (CSDTI-2; Gass, 1986; Winston, Miller, & Prince, 1979). Data analysis showed overall positive significant gains for adventure orientation program participants on certain measures of developmental tasks (i.e., developing autonomy, developing purpose) and subtasks (i.e., emotional autonomy, instrumental autonomy, appropriate educational plans). Changes in this study differed from those found by Gass (1986) and Hansen (1982) at their respective institutions. The different outcomes highlight that adventure orientation courses' variability in curricular design may have a strong impact on student developmental task and subtask outcomes. This finding demonstrates the importance of selecting program activities and processing techniques based on a program's intent, objectives, philosophy, experiences, and focus.
Some Contemporary Problems of Foreign Correspondence
Authors: Grossman Max R.
Published: July 2017

Domestic “play down” of overseas news is one of many difficulties which writers abroad must overcome, says the head of the Department of Journalism at Boston University, who recently spent seven months as roving correspondent for the Stars and Stripes.
Press and Communications
Authors: Swindler William F. , Reddick DeWitt C. , Price Granville C.
Published: July 2017

Labor unrest highlighted the newspaper scene in the winter of 1946-47 as major daily publications in half a dozen metropolitan centers suspended operations or continued on emergency manpower while unions representing typographers, carriers and editorial workers bickered with employers over contracts adjusted to the zooming cost of living. In Jacksonville, Fla, and in Philadelphia the managerial staffs kept the papers going—although by the first of February Publisher J. David Stern exploded a bombshell by selling his strikebound Philadelphia and Camden, N. J., properties. Some labor troubles threatened radio, too, but the prospect for 1947 was a boom year in radio station growth.— W. F. S.
Negro Newspaper Files and their Microfilming
Authors: Pride Armistead Scott
Published: July 2017

The director of the Lincoln University (Mo.) School of Journalism—the only Negro institution offering a full professional curriculum—describes a research project which he has been guiding under sponsorship of the American Council of Learned Societies.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. , Reddick Dewitt C. , Price Granville C.
Published: July 2017

Critical evaluation of the press, both within and outside the profession, assumed a new significance this spring as the Commission on Freedom of the Press completed its lengthy study and published a series of reports on all phases of communications. Although the reaction was generally favorable to the work of the commission, it was criticized for inadequacy in familiarizing itself with certain fundamental problems and techniques of working journalism, and especially for its evident lack of knowledge of professional journalistic education… . Another significant development of this spring has been the creation of the Society of Nieman Fellows and the publication of its quarterly Nieman Reports on professional problems. In both cases, the ultimate objective in these projects is the professional betterment of American communications through a more informed general public. W. F. S.
The Challenge of the New Media: Television, FM, and Facsimile
Authors: Seville Hugh M.
Published: July 2017

NBC's director of research describes the prospects and problems of the new vehicles of electronic mass communication. He spoke at the first conference of the new Institute of Communications Research at the University of Illinois, January 19, 1948.
National Controversy Rare in ANPA Labor Relations
Authors: Emery Edwin
Published: July 2017

In view of the typographers’ strike in Chicago and other cities, Dr. Emery's study has current interest. The author, who wrote his doctoral dissertation at the University of California on the history of the ANPA, is assistant professor of journalism at Minnesota.
On Quoting Newspapers: A Problem and a Solution
Authors: Dahl Folke
Published: July 2017

The distinguished Swedish librarian and bibliographer makes some practical suggestions for eliminating the confusion that results from reference to varying editions bearing the same dateline. He is the author of Dutch Corantos 1618–1650 and curator of accessions at the Göteborg Library.
Lending Credence to a Borrowing Analysis: Lone English-Origin Incorporations in Igbo Discourse
Authors: Eze Ejike
Published: July 2017

This paper offers an empirical analysis of data from natural Igbo-English bilingual discourse which demonstrates how the two most important manifestations of language contact, namely, codeswitching and borrowing, can be unambiguously and consistently distinguished. The paper focuses on showing how inherently ambiguous lone English-origin nouns and verbs, incorporated into otherwise Igbo discourse, can be assigned language membership, not solely on the basis of their surface appearance as has been the case in the literature, but only by situating the ambiguous forms in the context of the entire system. Using diagnostics such as vowel harmony, inflection, and word order of verbs as well as modification structures of nouns, the paper demonstrates beyond a shadow of doubt that lone English-origin items are distributed among syntactic slots in the same way as native items of Igbo and differ from codeswitches to English which show distinct patterns. The inescapable conclusion is that the lone English-origin nouns and verbs in otherwise Igbo discourse cannot be classified as codeswitches but rather, must be considered to be borrowings.
Fitting complex random effect models with standard software using data augmentation: application to a study of male and female fecundability
Authors: Ecochard René , Clayton David G
Published: July 2017

We discuss fitting of a complex random effect model using a standard statistical package (Stata) to carry out block-wise Gibbs sampling within a multiprocessor computing environment. The application involves a dataset concerning artificial insemination by donor (AID). Success or failure at each of 12 100 menstrual cycles is modelled with a mixed model with random effects due to woman, conception attempt within woman, semen donor, donation within donor, and physician who carries out the treatment. Given the availability of software within Stata to fit a model with single random effect, the full model can be fitted by an alternating imputation algorithm (Clayton and Rasbash, 1999) implemented with five copies of Stata running on separate processors and communicating via disk files.
Guidelines for contributors
Authors: Millward Sue
Published: July 2017

The editors welcome papers that contribute towards the development and understanding of infection control theory and practice. Manuscripts up to 3,000 words that address issues of infection control clinical practice, scientific research, education and management are encouraged. Short papers of between 1.000 and 2,000 words and correspondence (up to a maximum of 300 words) are also welcomed.

The British Journal of Infection Control cannot consider articles submitted elsewhere and their exclusive right to the manuscript should be stated in an accompanying letter. Contributors will be asked to assign copyright to the ICNA.
Preventing catheter-related urinary tract infections: a clinical governance imperative
Authors: Pinn Stephen
Published: July 2017

T his is a report from a pilot workshop for nurses, held in London on 8 May 2002, sponsored by the ICNA in conjunction with Thames Valley University, and supported by an educational grant from BARD Ltd.
The role of the nurse consultant in infection control
Authors: Hughes J
Published: July 2017

W ith the advent of the Controls Assurance Standards (NHS Executive, 1999), Clinical Governance (1999), The Management and Control of Hospital Acquired Infections in Acute NHS Trusts in England (Department of Health, 2000) and other circulars and directives, the role of the infection control nurse has never been so challenging, putting infection control firmly on the government and public agenda.

In line with this and the Health Service Circular 1999/217 Nurse Midwife and Health Visitor Consultants (Department of Health, 1999), it enabled the appointment of a nurse consultant in infection control at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool.

This paper will review the background to the development of the role to date, how it applies to the discipline of infection control and suggest how to take the role forward in the future.
Costing a major hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus)
Authors: RPD Cooke , SV Goddard , J Golland
Published: July 2017

O utbreaks of Norovirus infection in hospitals are common, but the financial impact is often poorly defined. Following a major outbreak, we propose a simple costing system. The key cost drivers identified were: 1. Lost bed days (LBDs) and cancelled elective surgical operations. The cost of an occupied or closed bed was £204 per day; 2. The period of staff sickness, estimated at an average of four days. Staff costs were estimated at £79.45 per day; 3. The employment of additional nurses; 4. Environmental cleaning (£200 per ward); 5. Additional microbiology costs (£8.27 per sample); 6. Ward consumable costs, estimated at £5 per ward per day.

The outbreak involved 16 wards, affecting 139 patients and 124 staff (mainly nurses) over a two week period. LBDs due to inpatient sickness amounted to £85,068. Lost days due to staff sickness cost £39,407. 150 cancelled surgical operations equates with 525 LBDs, costing £107,100. The cost of employing additional nursing staff was £41,465. Further costs included £3,200 for 16 ‘deep cleans', £560 for ward consumables, £1,150 for microbiology specimens and £1,165 for additional infection control hours. The total cost of the outbreak was estimated at £279,115. The costing model described quickly identified key financial pressures and could be applicable to other Norovirus outbreaks.
Evidence-based management of an outbreak of hepatitis A among intravenous drug users, the homeless and hostel dwellers
Authors: Judge C , Sarangi J
Published: July 2017

Over an 18-month period from March 2000 to September 2001, there were two outbreaks of hepatitis A among intravenous drug users (IDU) and hostel dwellers in an urban district population of approximately one million (former Avon Health Authority area).

This paper details the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in hepatitis A outbreak management among this specific client group.