bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Th(IV) Adsorption onto Oxidized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Presence of Hydroxylated Fullerene and Carboxylated Fullerene
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Peng , Li Zhan , Qi Wei , Lu Yan , Wu Wangsuo
Published: September 2013

The adsorption of Th(IV) onto the surface of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oMWCNTs) in the absence and presence of hydroxylated fullerene (C60(OH)n) and carboxylated fullerene (C60(C(COOH)2)n) has been investigated. C60(OH)n, C60(C(COOH)2)n and oMWCNTs have been chosen as model phases because of their representative in carbon nano-materials family. Adsorption experiments were performed by batch procedure as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of Th(IV) was rapidly reached equilibrium and the kinetic process could be described by a pseudo-second-order rate model very well. Th(IV) adsorption on oMWCNTs was dependent on pH but independent on ionic strength. Adsorption isotherms were correlated better with the Langmuir model than with the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms suggested that Th(IV) adsorption on oMWCNTs was spontaneous and endothermic. Compared with the adsorption of Th(IV) on the same oMWCNTs free of C60(OH)n or C60(C(COOH)2)n, the study of a ternary system showed the inhibition effect of C60(OH)n at high concentration on the adsorption of Th(IV) in a pH range from neutral to slightly alkaline; whereas the promotion effect of C60(C(COOH)2)n, even at its low concentration, on Th(IV) adsorption was observed in acid medium.
The Marine Natural Product Manzamine A Targets Vacuolar ATPases and Inhibits Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Kallifatidis Georgios , Hoepfner Dominic , Jaeg Tiphaine , Guzmán Esther , Wright Amy
Published: September 2013

Manzamine A, a member of the manzamine alkaloids, was originally isolated from marine sponges of the genus Haliclona. It was recently shown to have activity against pancreatic cancer cells, but the precise mechanism of action remained unclear. To further our understanding of the mechanism of action of manzamine A, chemogenomic profiling in the yeast S. cerevisiae was performed, suggesting that manzamine A is an uncoupler of vacuolar ATPases. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed this effect on yeast vacuoles, where manzamine A produced a phenotype very similar to that of the established v-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In pancreatic cancer cells, 10 µM manzamine A affected vacuolar ATPase activity and significantly increased the level of autophagosome marker LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 as observed by western blot analysis. Treatment with manzamine A in combination with bafilomycin A1 (inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion) did not change the levels of LC3-II when compared to cells treated with bafilomycin A1 alone, suggesting that manzamine A is a potential inhibitor of autophagy by preventing autophagosome turnover. As autophagy is essential for pancreatic tumor growth, blocking this pathway with manzamine A suggests a promising strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Optimal Cleavage and Oxidative Folding of α-Conotoxin TxIB as a Therapeutic Candidate Peptide
Authors: Wu Xiaosa , Wu Yong , Zhu Furong , Yang Qiuyuan , Wu Qianqian , Zhangsun Dongting , Luo Sulan
Published: September 2013

Alpha6beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric diseases, including addiction and Parkinson’s disease. Alpha-conotoxin (α-CTx) TxIB is a uniquely selective ligand, which blocks α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs only, but does not block the other subtypes. Therefore, α-CTx TxIB is a valuable therapeutic candidate peptide. Synthesizing enough α-CTx TxIB with high yield production is required for conducting wide-range testing of its potential medicinal applications. The current study optimized the cleavage of synthesized α-CTx TxIB resin-bounded peptide and folding of the cleaved linear peptide. Key parameters influencing cleavage and oxidative folding of α-CTx TxIB were examined, such as buffer, redox agents, pH, salt, co-solvent and temperature. Twelve conditions were used for cleavage optimization. Fifty-four kinds of one-step oxidative solution were used to assess their effects on each α-CTx TxIB isomers’ yield. The result indicated that co-solvent choices were particularly important. Completely oxidative folding of globular isomer was achieved when the NH4HCO3 or Tris-HCl folding buffer at 4 °C contained 40% of co-solvent DMSO, and GSH:GSSG (2:1) or GSH only with pH 8~8.7.
Effect of Tomato Industrial Processing on Phenolic Profile and Antiplatelet Activity
Authors: Fuentes Eduardo , Forero-Doria Oscar , Carrasco Gilda , Maricán Adolfo , Santos Leonardo , Alarcón Marcelo , Palomo Iván
Published: September 2013

Background: Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (e.g., tomatoes) has been shown to be beneficial in terms of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The industrial processing of tomatoes into tomato-based products includes several thermal treatments. Very little is known on the effect of tomato industrial processing on antiaggregatory activity and phenolic profile. Methods: It was assessed the effect of tomato and by-products extracts on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6 and arachidonic acid. These in vitro antithrombotic properties were further supported in an in vivo model of thrombosis. A set of antiplatelet compounds has been selected for HPLC analysis in the different extracts. Results: Some natural compounds such as chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were identified by HPLC in tomatoes and its products may inhibit platelet activation. Red tomatoes, tomato products (sauce, ketchup and juice) and by-products extracts inhibited platelet aggregation induced adenosine 5'-diphosphate, collagen, thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 and arachidonic acid, but to a different extent. Also, pomace extract presents antithrombotic activity. Conclusions: Processed tomatoes may have a higher content of health-benefiting compounds than fresh ones. Pomace even presents the best antiplatelet activity. Finally, tomato products may be used as a functional ingredient adding antiplatelet activities to processed foods.
Plasticity of the Human Olfactory System: The Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Huart Caroline , Rombaux Philippe , Hummel Thomas
Published: September 2013

In the last years, an increasing interest has been paid to the olfactory system, particularly to its abilities of plasticity and its potential continuous neurogenesis throughout adult life. Although mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis have been largely investigated in animals, to some degree they remain unclear in humans. Based on human research findings, the present review will focus on the olfactory bulb as an evidence of the astonishing plasticity of the human olfactory system.
Preferences for Management of Near-Shore Marine Ecosystems: A Choice Experiment in New Zealand
Authors: Chhun Sophal , Thorsnes Paul , Moller Henrik
Published: September 2013

There is considerable interest in New Zealand in establishing “Customary Management Areas” (taiāpure and mātaitai) and Marine Reserves to support Māori cultural practices and restore declining biodiversity and fish stocks. Allocation of near-shore marine areas for these management systems potentially benefits the larger public, but it has often been vigorously opposed by recreational and commercial fishers. This paper reports estimates of the relative values held by the public toward four potentially conflicting uses of near-shore marine areas. These estimates come from a web-based choice survey completed by 1055 respondents recruited from throughout New Zealand. The response rate was especially high at 60%. We present results weighted to the characteristics of the population and test the results against a variety of well-known sources of survey bias. Scenario development suggests that some reallocation of near-shore marine areas to any of the management systems under discussion alternative to the status quo is likely to yield a welfare gain. A combination of marine reserves and taiāpure is most preferred. The exercise supports the use of discrete choice experiments to provide crucial information about difficult-to-quantify public values for aspects of management of near-shore marine areas, such as proposed taiāpure, mātaitai, or marine reserves.
Stereoscopic Height and Wind Retrievals for Aerosol Plumes with the MISR INteractive eXplorer (MINX)
Authors: Nelson David , Garay Michael , Kahn Ralph , Dunst Ben
Published: September 2013

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard the Terra satellite acquires imagery at 275-m resolution at nine angles ranging from 0° (nadir) to 70° off-nadir. This multi-angle capability facilitates the stereoscopic retrieval of heights and motion vectors for clouds and aerosol plumes. MISR’s operational stereo product uses this capability to retrieve cloud heights and winds for every satellite orbit, yielding global coverage every nine days. The MISR INteractive eXplorer (MINX) visualization and analysis tool complements the operational stereo product by providing users the ability to retrieve heights and winds locally for detailed studies of smoke, dust and volcanic ash plumes, as well as clouds, at higher spatial resolution and with greater precision than is possible with the operational product or with other space-based, passive, remote sensing instruments. This ability to investigate plume geometry and dynamics is becoming increasingly important as climate and air quality studies require greater knowledge about the injection of aerosols and the location of clouds within the atmosphere. MINX incorporates features that allow users to customize their stereo retrievals for optimum results under varying aerosol and underlying surface conditions. This paper discusses the stereo retrieval algorithms and retrieval options in MINX, and provides appropriate examples to explain how the program can be used to achieve the best results.
Automatic Estimation of Excavation Volume from Laser Mobile Mapping Data for Mountain Road Widening
Authors: Wang Jinhu , González-Jorge Higinio , Lindenbergh Roderik , Arias-Sánchez Pedro , Menenti Massimo
Published: September 2013

Roads play an indispensable role as part of the infrastructure of society. In recent years, society has witnessed the rapid development of laser mobile mapping systems (LMMS) which, at high measurement rates, acquire dense and accurate point cloud data. This paper presents a way to automatically estimate the required excavation volume when widening a road from point cloud data acquired by an LMMS. Firstly, the input point cloud is down-sampled to a uniform grid and outliers are removed. For each of the resulting grid points, both on and off the road, the local surface normal and 2D slope are estimated. Normals and slopes are consecutively used to separate road from off-road points which enables the estimation of the road centerline and road boundaries. In the final step, the left and right side of the road points are sliced in 1-m slices up to a distance of 4 m, perpendicular to the roadside. Determining and summing each sliced volume enables the estimation of the required excavation for a widening of the road on the left or on the right side. The procedure, including a quality analysis, is demonstrated on a stretch of a mountain road that is approximately 132 m long as sampled by a Lynx LMMS. The results in this particular case show that the required excavation volume on the left side is 8% more than that on the right side. In addition, the error in the results is assessed in two ways. First, by adding up estimated local errors, and second, by comparing results from two different datasets sampling the same piece of road both acquired by the Lynx LMMS. Results of both approaches indicate that the error in the estimated volume is below 4%. The proposed method is relatively easy to implement and runs smoothly on a desktop PC. The whole workflow of the LMMS data acquisition and subsequent volume computation can be completed in one or two days and provides road engineers with much more detail than traditional single-point surveying methods such as Total Station or GPS profiling. A drawback is that an LMMS system can only sample what is within the view of the system from the road.
A Multi-Fork Z-Axis Quartz Micromachined Gyroscope
Authors: Feng Lihui , Zhao Ke , Sun Yunan , Cui Jianmin , Cui Fang , Yang Aiying
Published: September 2013

A novel multi-fork z-axis gyroscope is presented in this paper. Different from traditional quartz gyroscopes, the lateral electrodes of the sense beam can be arranged in simple patterns; as a result, the fabrication is simplified. High sensitivity is achieved by the multi-fork design. The working principles are introduced, while the finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the modal and sensitivity. A quartz fork is fabricated, and a prototype is assembled. Impedance testing shows that the drive frequency and sense frequency are similar to the simulations, and the quality factor is approximately 10,000 in air. The scale factor is measured to be 18.134 mV/(°/s) and the nonlinearity is 0.40% in a full-scale input range of ±250 °/s.
Quantitative Assessment of Birefringent Skin Structures in Scattered Light Confocal Imaging Using Radially Polarized Light
Authors: Varghese Babu , Verhagen Rieko , Hussain Altaf , Boudot Clemence , Tai Qiangqiang , Ding Siqi , Holz Jasmin , Uzunbajakava Natallia
Published: September 2013

The polarization characteristics of birefringent tissues could be only partially obtained using linearly polarized light in polarization sensitive optical imaging. Here we analyze the change in polarization of backscattered light from birefringent structures versus the orientations of the incident polarizations using linearly, circularly and radially polarized light in a cross-polarized confocal microscope. A spatially variable retardation plate composed of eight sectors of λ/2 wave plates was used to transform linearly polarized light into a radially polarized light. Based on the experimental data obtained from ex-vivo measurements on human scalp hairs and in-vivo measurements on hair and skin, we exemplify that the underestimation of the birefringence content resulting from the orientation related effects associated with the use of linearly polarized light for imaging tissues containing wavy birefringent structures could be minimized by using radially polarized light.
Orchestrating learning activities using the CADMOS learning design tool
Authors: Katsamani Mary , Retalis Symeon
Published: September 2013

This paper gives an overview of CADMOS (CoursewAre Development Methodology for Open instructional Systems), a graphical IMS-LD Level A & B compliant learning design (LD) tool, which promotes the concept of “separation of concerns” during the design process, via the creation of two models: the conceptual model, which describes the learning activities and the corresponding learning resources, and the flow model, which describes the orchestration of these activities. According to the feedback from an evaluation case study with 36 participants, reported in this paper, CADMOS is a user-friendly tool that allows educational practitioners to design flows of learning activities using a layered approach.Keywords: learning design; learning design tools; CADMOS; separation of concerns; orchestrations of learning activities(Published: 16 September 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology Supplement 2013, 21: 18051 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.18051
In medias res: reframing design for learning
Authors: Goodyear Peter , Dimitriadis Yannis
Published: September 2013

Our goal in this article is to set out some important elements of a useful theory of design for learning. We aim to help understand what it means to design something, or some assemblage of things, to help other people learn. In offering what we believe to be a useful framework for thinking about design for learning, we address a number of key issues, including: how it is that something designed by one person can help other people learn; what kinds of things can be designed; how these things might also need to support the work of people (like teachers) whose job it is to support other peoples’ learning; how learning usually has multiple layers and multiple goals – each of which may place different requirements on design – and how people who are learning can also be expected to modify that which has been designed.Keywords: design for learning; indirection; sustainable design(Published: 16 September 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology Supplement 2013, 21: 19909 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.19909
Learning design Rashomon I - supporting the design of one lesson through different approaches
Authors: Persico Donatella , Pozzi Francesca , Anastopoulou Stamatina , Conole Gráinne , Craft Brock , Dimitriadis Yannis , Hernández-Leo Davinia , Kali Yael , Mor Yishay , Pérez-Sanagustín Mar , Walmsley Helen
Published: September 2013

This paper presents and compares a variety of approaches that have been developed to guide the decision-making process in learning design. Together with the companion Learning Design Rashomon II (Prieto et al., 2013), devoted to existing tools to support the same process, it aims to provide a view on relevant research results in this field. The common thread followed in these two contributions is inspired by Kurosawa'1s Rashomon film, which takes multiple perspectives on the same action. Similarly, in this paper, Rashomon I, a lesson on “Healthy Eating” is analysed according to five different approaches, while the Rashomon II paper is used to exemplify the affordances of different tools. For this reason, this paper does not follow the conventional structure of research papers (research question, method, results and discussion), but rather it moves from an introduction providing the rationale for the paper, to a description of the five different approaches to learning design (the 4SPPIces Model, the 4Ts, the e-Design Template, the Design Principles Database and the Design Narrative) and then to a discussion of their similarities and differences to inform the choice of potential users.Keywords: learning design approaches; pedagogical planning; inquiry learning(Published: 16 September 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology Supplement 2013, 21: 20224 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.20224
Forward-oriented design for learning: illustrating the approach
Authors: Dimitriadis Yannis , Goodyear Peter
Published: September 2013

This paper concerns sustainable approaches to design for learning, emphasising the need for designs to be able to thrive outside of the protective niches of project-based innovation. It builds on the “in medias res” framework and more specifically on a forward-oriented approach to design for learning: one that takes a pro-active design stance with respect to each of the phases of an extended lifecycle. We draw on fieldwork notes and interview data to describe two cases that illustrate some of the key features of the approach. Recommendations for further R&D in the area of design for learning are provided, derived from the theoretical framework, and illustrated in this paper.Keywords: design for learning; indirection; sustainable design(Published: 16 September 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology Supplement 2013, 21: 20290 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.20290
Editorial: The art and science of learning design
Authors: Mor Yishay , Craft Brock , Hernández-Leo Davinia
Published: September 2013

Editorial for the "art and science of learning design" supplement. Introduces the learning design approach, considers some of the grand challenges associated with it, and presents the papers in this supplement.(Published: 16 September 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology Supplement 2013; 21: 22513 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.22513
3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation
Authors: Seniutinas Gediminas , Rosa Lorenzo , Gervinskas Gediminas , Brasselet Etienne , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: September 2013

The resputtering of gold films from nano-holes defined in a sacrificial PMMA mask, which was made by electron beam lithography, was carried out with a dry plasma etching tool in order to form well-like structures with a high aspect ratio (height/width ≈ 3–4) at the rims of the nano-holes. The extraordinary transmission through the patterns of such nano-wells was investigated experimentally and numerically. By doing numerical simulations of 50-nm and 100-nm diameter polystyrene beads in water and air, we show the potential of such patterns for self-induced back-action (SIBA) trapping. The best trapping conditions were found to be a trapping force of 2 pN/W/μm2 (numerical result) exerted on a 50-nm diameter bead in water. The simulations were based on the analytical Lorentz force model.
Serial Auditory-Evoked Potentials in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of a Child with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Authors: Plyler Erin , Harkrider Ashley W.
Published: September 2013

Background:A boy, aged 2 1/2 yr, experienced sudden deterioration of speech and language abilities. He saw multiple medical professionals across 2 yr. By almost 5 yr, his vocabulary diminished from 50 words to 4, and he was referred to our speech and hearing center.Purpose:The
purpose of this study was to heighten awareness of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and emphasize the importance of an objective test battery that includes serial auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) to audiologists who often are on the front lines of diagnosis and treatment delivery when faced
with a child experiencing unexplained loss of the use of speech and language.Research Design:Clinical report.Results:Interview revealed a family history of seizure disorder. Normal social behaviors were observed. Acoustic reflexes and otoacoustic emissions were consistent with
normal peripheral auditory function. The child could not complete behavioral audiometric testing or auditory processing tests, so serial AEPs were used to examine central nervous system function. Normal auditory brainstem responses, a replicable Na and absent Pa of the middle latency responses,
and abnormal slow cortical potentials suggested dysfunction of auditory processing at the cortical level. The child was referred to a neurologist, who confirmed LKS. At age 7 1/2 yr, after 2 1/2 yr of antiepileptic medications, electroencephalographic (EEG) and audiometric measures normalized.
Presently, the child communicates manually with limited use of oral information.Conclusions:Audiologists often are one of the first professionals to assess children with loss of speech and language of unknown origin. Objective, noninvasive, serial AEPs are a simple and valuable addition
to the central audiometric test battery when evaluating a child with speech and language regression. The inclusion of these tests will markedly increase the chance for early and accurate referral, diagnosis, and monitoring of a child with LKS which is imperative for a positive prognosis.
Comment les législatives se négocient : quelques réflexions sur les élections égyptiennes
Authors: Albert Aclimandos Tewfic
Published: September 2013

Le système clientéliste sur lequel s’appuyait le régime Moubarak était en crise. Le truquage des élections législatives de 2010 et le non accès de l’opposition au Parlement ont été deux causes majeures de la chute de ce régime. Pour contrer les processus révolutionnaires, le Conseil Supérieur des forces armées a organisé une transition démocratique, libéralisant les conditions de créations des partis, mettant à jour les listes électorales et organisant des élections sans intervention étatique pour peser sur les résultats – une condition nécessaire mais insuffisante pour parler d’élections libres, puisque tous les concurrents ou presque ont violé la loi et commis des irrégularités. Parmi ces concurrents, certains ont choisi de se coaliser, d’autres ont fait cavalier seul. Les islamistes, comme prévisible, ont remporté une écrasante majorité – mais le rapport de forces entre salafistes et Frères est beaucoup plus équilibré que prévu, ces derniers n’ayant pas obtenu la majorité absolue, et le score des formations non islamistes n’est pas déshonorant.
Les nouvelles forces « civiles » égyptiennes face au défi électoral
Authors: Soliman Samer
Published: September 2013

Cette contribution s’intéresse à la performance électorale des forces « civiles » lors des élections parlementaires égyptiennes 2011-12. Malgré le brillant succès des islamistes, certaines candidats « civils » ont réussi à gagner des circonscriptions et, dans certains cas, avec une majorité écrasante (le cas de Amr Hamzawi à Héliopolis). À travers l’analyse des stratégies électorales de la coalition civile « le Bloc Égyptien » et de certains candidats indépendants, cet article veut montrer les éléments qui ont permis aux forces civiles d’obtenir quelques sièges au sein du premier parlement élu à la suite de la Révolution du 25 janvier 2011.
Le parti Ennahdha à l'épreuve du pouvoir en Tunisie
Authors: Bendana Kmar
Published: September 2013

Cet article résume l’histoire du parti Ennahdha, neuf mois de son arrivée au pouvoir en Tunisie à la faveur des élections d’octobre 2011. Après une vingtaine d’années de coupure forcée des sphères de la politique active, le parti se trouve au défi de piloter une transition politique qui l’oblige à composer avec plusieurs forces. Si la religiosité de la société tunisienne et son statut de victime de la dictature ont favorisé son score de 38 %, liberté de parole, floraison des partis et vitalité de la société civile sont une épreuve inédite pour lui. Trois champs (le syndicat, l’université et les médias) sont aux premières loges (avec la magistrature) pour résister aux mesures hégémoniques d’une formation qui table sur la légitimité carcérale et le résultat des urnes pour asseoir son retour aux affaires. À côté de ces résistances, Ennahda doit aussi faire face aux difficultés économiques et sociales du pays qui sont d’autant moins maîtrisées par ce parti qu’il a été absent des luttes sociales et que le libéralisme économique – à l’origine de la crise persistante – est le seul horizon d’une équipe gouvernementale inexpérimentée.
Le Hamas et les printemps arabes
Authors: Seurat Leïla
Published: September 2013

À partir du déclenchement des évènements révolutionnaires en Tunisie qui ont conduit au départ du président Ben Ali, le mouvement de la résistance islamique en Palestine, le Hamas, a infléchi sa stratégie en investissant sur le « printemps arabe ». L’objectif est d’apparaître, surtout aux yeux de son propre public, comme facteur mais aussi comme principal bénéficiaire de ces transformations régionales. Proposant une lecture idéologique qui met l’accent sur des éléments consensuels au sein du mouvement, cette entreprise peut tout autant servir à faire oublier des points qui ont longuement été discutés ou qui restent l’objet de discordes entre les différents leaders. Cet article cherche également à mesurer les effets réels des révoltes arabes sur le Hamas en confrontant les pratiques aux expériences historiques tout en réinscrivant celles-ci dans leurs interactions avec les stratégies des autres acteurs régionaux.
Les Amap : agir local pour agir global
Authors: Cottin-Marx Simon , Cabantous Stéphanie
Published: September 2013

Dans cet entretien, Stéphanie Cabantous, agronome, cocréatrice et porte-parole du Mouvement interrégional des associations pour le maintien d’une agriculture paysanne (Miramap), revient sur la genèse de son organisation. En proposant une relation solidaire entre producteurs et consommateurs, les Amap présentent un projet alternatif de consommation et de production agricole. En essaimant au niveau local l’impact devient global et c’est un véritable modèle politique de transition, de transformation sociale qui est porté par les acteurs eux-mêmes.
Les mouvements de « la transition » ou l'importance de la complémentarité
Authors: Flipo Fabrice
Published: September 2013

Apparue il y a moins de 10 ans, la transition peine à être clairement identifiée et définie à travers les grilles d’analyses politique et sociale traditionnelles. La plupart de celles-ci se heurtent à la difficulté d’interpréter ce mouvement tant ce dernier semble éloigné de la conception unifiée fondée sur le modèle de la lutte des classes que nous connaissons. Le caractère protéiforme de la transition ne facilite pas son étude même si l’on peut distinguer un trait commun autour de l’insistance « du faire », en posant des actes dans l’espace public. Fabrice Flipo s’attache ici à donner des pistes de réflexion à partir d’éléments théoriques pouvant dévoiler certains aspects de la stratégie de ces mouvements. À travers la réflexion de Sartre sur la notion d’« ensembles pratiques », il apporte un éclairage sur la structure de ces collectifs. Puis, en s’attardant sur le travail de Moscovici, il livre des éléments de compréhension sur les rapports et les modalités d’influence entre minorité et majorité, délivrant ainsi ses pistes sur l’orientation suivie par la transition.
Exploiting Codified User Task Knowledge to Discover Services at Design-Time
Authors: Zachos Konstantinos , Kounkou Angela , Maiden Neil A. M.
Published: September 2013

Most techniques for engineering service-based applications do not explicitly exploit knowledge about users and their tasks. In this paper the authors hypothesize that codified knowledge about user tasks can improve service discovery at design-time. It reports the extension of an existing service discovery algorithm to match service queries to user task models then reformulate the service queries with task-specific knowledge in order to improve discovery precision and recall scores. An empirical investigation of the extended algorithm revealed that, in order to deliver significant benefits, user task models need to describe more context-specific knowledge with which to extend service queries.
Does Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Prolong Immunodeficiency in Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy?
Authors: Memmedova Lale , Azarsiz Elif , Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Aksu Guzide , Kutukculer Necil
Published: September 2013

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is characterized by recurrent infections and one or more reduced serum immunoglobulin levels. Typically, THI patients recover spontaneously, mostly within 30-40 months of age, but sometimes recovery may be delayed until 5-6 years of age. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) as an alternative to antibiotic prophylaxis remains contraversial also in symptomatic THI patients. In fact, some authors believe that IVIg therapy may cause a delay in the maturation of the humoral immune system because of the interference from passively transfered antibodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IVIg replacement on recovery from immunodeficiency in THI patients and determine new parameters in order to include these patients in IVIg therapy groups. In this retrospective study, 43 patients (65%) received IVIg replacement therapy while 23 patients (34.8%) showed spontaneous normalization without IVIg. The percentages of patients who had more than six times the number of febrile infections in a year decreased from 91% to 21% in the group receiving IVIg treatment. At admission, before being recruited to IVIg therapy, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and anti-hemophilus B (Hib) antibody titers were found to be significantly low in cases who were selected for IVIg replacement. The percentages of patients who did not have protective levels of anti-Hib, anti-rubella or anti-rubeola-IgG were also significantly high in IVIg cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the age at which IgG levels normalized between the IVIg and the non-IVIg group. Patients in the IVIg group and non-IVIg group reached normal IgG levels at the age of 42.9±22.0 and 40.7±19.8 months, respectively. In conclusion, IVIg infusions do not cause a delay in the maturation of the immune system in THI patients. Besides the well-established criteria, very low and non-protective specific antibody responses against previously applied vaccines are important factors to consider when selecting patients for IVIg therapy.
Geological framework of the Ordovician system in the southeast Arctic Platform, Nunavut
Authors: Sanford B V , Grant A C
Published: September 2013

Ordovician strata of the southeast Arctic Platform comprise seven formations, six of which are elevated to formal status based on surface and subsurface geology and high-resolution seismic data. The Canadian to Chazyan strata in Ungava Basin and Foxe Basin are
lithologically dissimilar and are identified respectively as the Ungava Bay and Ship Point formations. The Ungava Bay Formation comprises sandstones and minor carbonates and shales, whereas strata of the Ship Point Formation are generally carbonates. The Ungava Bay Formation unconformably overlies
Precambrian rocks and is disconformably succeeded by the Frobisher Bay Formation. The thin to thick, evenly bedded limestones of this formation contain the distinctive Gonioceras
Towards a better understanding of forgiveness of sins in the first commentaries on the Heidelberg Catechism
Authors: Potgieter Pieter C.
Published: September 2013

With regard to the issue of the forgiveness of sins in the Heidelberg Catechism, this paper shows that not only was there agreement and the same basic approach to issues of faith to be found in the commentaries of Ursinus and Olevianus, but also a valuable complementing of each other’s work. The influence of Calvin, with whom both of them have studied in Geneva, is obvious in their doctrinal approach. Whereas Ursinus tended more towards an academic correctness in his Explicationum Catecheticarum, Olevianus added a pastoral and spiritual dimension in his Vester Grundt. Although some theologians questioned the role of Olevianus in the compilation of the Heidelberg Catechism, recent research adequately shows that both of them were indeed involved, and were well-endowed with the necessary background for providing a further exposition of the Catechism. Both of them emphasise the unquestionable and sole merit of Jesus Christ, through his vicarious death on the cross, as the only ground for God’s gracious forgiveness of the sinner. It is God’s free gift, appropriated through faith and trust in the merit of Christ. Hierdie artikel toon aan dat daar, wat die vergifnis van sonde betref, nie net groot ooreenstemming en dieselfde basiese benadering ten opsigte van geloofskwessies in die kommentare van Ursinus en Olevianus op die Heidelbergse Kategismus is nie, maar dat daar ook ’n waardevolle wedersydse aanvulling van mekaar se werk is. Albei het by geleentheid in Genéve onder Calvyn gestudeer: sy invloed is onmiskenbaar in hulle leerstellige benaderings. In Ursinus se Explicationum Catecheticarum weeg die akademiese korrektheid swaarder, terwyl daar in Olevianus se Vester Grundt ook ‘n pastorale en spirituele dimensie bykom. Olevianus se betrokkenheid by die opstel van die Heidelbergse Kategismus is soms sterk bevraagteken, maar nuwe navorsing laat genoegsaam blyk dat albei teoloë inderdaad deel gehad het daaraan, en ook goed toegerus was met die nodige agtergrond om ’n nadere verklaring van die Kategismus die lig te laat sien. Albei benadruk die onbetwisbare en enigste verdienste van Jesus Christus deur sy middellike dood aan die kruis as enigste grond vir God se genadige vergifnis van die sondaar. Dit is God se vrye guns, wat aangeneem word in geloof en vertroue deur die verdienste van Christus.
Skin Sensitivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mishra Meenakshi , Chakravarti Arunabha
Published: September 2013

Background

Allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa. Skin prick test (SPT) remains the most useful test for detecting specific allergic triggers associated with allergic rhinitis.

Objective

Our objective was to study the sensitivity to common aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis patients using SPT

Materials and methods

We conducted SPT to 65 common aeroallergens on 100 patients more than 12 years of age with symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis.

Results

Sixty-one patients (61%) tested positive for at least one aeroallergen, of which, 54 patients (88.52%) showed polysensitization while seven patients (11.48%) showed monosensitization. The most common aeroallergen group implicated in SPT positivity was insects (48%); housefly (34%) being the most commonly implicated insect.

Conclusion

This study highlights a high prevalence of sensitivity to aeroallergens in the Indian scenario. It stresses upon the fact that environmental control measures might still prove to be the mainstay of treatment in our scenario, owing to housefly being the most commonly implicated aeroallergen.

How to cite this article

Mishra M, Chakravarti A, Kumar R. Skin Sensitivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):64-66.
Role of Intranasal Steroid in the Prevention of Recurrent Nasal Symptoms after Adenoidectomy
Authors: Sobhy Tamer S
Published: September 2013

Nasal obstruction is one of the main symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy, as they are also presented with chronic rhinorrhea, snoring, hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep disorder. Adenoidectomy can reduce both nasal obstructions and upper respiratory infections. Some patients display clinically significant persistent nasal symptoms even after surgery. Symptoms, such as nasal obstruction or recurrent upper respiratory infections, persist in 19 to 26% of patients. Factors influencing the outcome of intranasal steroids therapy have not been identified. The treatment with nasal steroids may obtain successful results in children to avoid surgery for adenoid recurrence.

How to cite this article

Sobhy TS. Role of Intranasal Steroid in the Prevention of Recurrent Nasal Symptoms after Adenoidectomy. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):80-83.
Endoscopic vs Conventional Septoplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jain Nitin Kumar , Vashistha Siddharth , Kaushik Sandeep
Published: September 2013

Objective

Traditional surgeries of the nasal septum improve the nasal airway but recent developments of endoscopic techniques have brought focus over several aspects of possible advantages over traditional techniques. These are due to better visualization and illumination, better accessibility and evaluation of exact pathology, lesser need of unnecessary manipulation, resection and overexposure of the septal framework and improving the scope for a revision surgery if required later.

Materials and methods

Sixty cases of deviated nasal septum (DNS) refractory to conservative medical treatment were divided into two groups of 30 patients and underwent correction surgery for nasal septal deformity using both endoscopic and conventional techniques.

Results

The postoperative follow-up was done at 1, 2, 4 weeks and 3 months. The clinical results of endoscopic septoplasty were found better as compared to conventional techniques with lesser complications and lesser period of hospitalization. However, the statistical analysis did not show a difference between the two groups.

Conclusion

The use of endoscopic techniques offers lesser complications and lesser period of hospitalization. However, this study of limited series needs further extensive evaluation to statistically establish the proposed results in future.

How to cite this article

Kaushik S, Vashistha S, Jain NK. Endoscopic vs Conventional Septoplasty: A Comparative Study. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):84-87.
Invasive Sino-orbital Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host selecting a Surgical Approach: Changing Trend
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Kulkarni Anuja Santosh , Nataraj Uma
Published: September 2013

Invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host is a rare clinical entity. The purpose of this article is to create awareness of existence of invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis in an immunocompetent, young, otherwise healthy host and its management with emphasizing the importance of balancing open surgical approach with endoscopic approach in order to achieve the optimum clearance of disease. A 48 years old female patient presented with 6 months history of nontender swelling over the left maxilla, 5 months history of left-sided nasal blockage and 2 months history of left orbital proptosis.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni AS, Karnik P, Nataraj U. Invasive Sino-orbital Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host selecting a Surgical Approach: Changing Trend. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):100-105.
Optical, microphysical, mass and geometrical properties of aged volcanic particles observed over Athens, Greece, during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010 through synergy of Raman lidar and sunphotometer measurements
Authors: Kokkalis P. , Papayannis A. , Amiridis V. , Mamouri R. E. , Veselovskii I. , Kolgotin A. , Tsaknakis G. , Kristiansen N. I. , Stohl A. , Mona L.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Vertical profiles of the optical (extinction and backscatter coefficients, lidar ratio and Ångström exponent), microphysical (mean effective radius, mean refractive index, mean number concentration) and geometrical properties as well as the mass concentration of volcanic particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption were retrieved at selected heights over Athens, Greece, using multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements performed during the period 21–24 April 2010. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) particulate columnar measurements along with inversion schemes were initialized together with lidar observations to deliver the aforementioned products. The well-known FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) model used for volcanic dispersion simulations is initiated as well in order to estimate the horizontal and vertical distribution of volcanic particles. Compared with the lidar measurements within the planetary boundary layer over Athens, FLEXPART proved to be a useful tool for determining the state of mixing of ash with other, locally emitted aerosol types. The major findings presented in our work concern the identification of volcanic particles layers in the form of filaments after 7-day transport from the volcanic source (approximately 4000 km away from our site) from the surface and up to 10 km according to the lidar measurements. Mean hourly averaged lidar signals indicated that the layer thickness of volcanic particles ranged between 1.5 and 2.2 km. The corresponding aerosol optical depth was found to vary from 0.01 to 0.18 at 355 nm and from 0.02 up to 0.17 at 532 nm. Furthermore, the corresponding lidar ratios (S) ranged between 60 and 80 sr at 355 nm and 44 and 88 sr at 532 nm. The mean effective radius of the volcanic particles estimated by applying inversion scheme to the lidar data found to vary within the range 0.13–0.38 μm and the refractive index ranged from 1.39+0.009i to 1.48+0.006i. This high variability is most probably attributed to the mixing of aged volcanic particles with other aerosol types of local origin. Finally, the LIRIC (LIdar/Radiometer Inversion Code) lidar/sunphotometric combined inversion algorithm has been applied in order to retrieve particle concentrations. These have been compared with FLEXPART simulations of the vertical distribution of ash showing good agreement concerning not only the geometrical properties of the volcanic particles layers but also the particles mass concentration.
Regional CO2 flux estimates for 2009–2010 based on GOSAT and ground-based CO2 observations
Authors: Maksyutov S. , Takagi H. , Valsala V. K. , Saito M. , Oda T. , Saeki T. , Belikov D. A. , Saito R. , Ito A. , Yoshida Y. , Morino I. , Uchino O. , Andres R. J. , Yokota T.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. We present the application of a global carbon cycle modeling system to the estimation of monthly regional CO2 fluxes from the column-averaged mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) retrieved from spectral observations made by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The regional flux estimates are to be publicly disseminated as the GOSAT Level 4 data product. The forward modeling components of the system include an atmospheric tracer transport model, an anthropogenic emissions inventory, a terrestrial biosphere exchange model, and an oceanic flux model. The atmospheric tracer transport was simulated using isentropic coordinates in the stratosphere and was tuned to reproduce the age of air. We used a fossil fuel emission inventory based on large point source data and observations of nighttime lights. The terrestrial biospheric model was optimized by fitting model parameters to observed atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle, net primary production data, and a biomass distribution map. The oceanic surface pCO2 distribution was estimated with a 4-D variational data assimilation system based on reanalyzed ocean currents. Monthly CO2 fluxes of 64 sub-continental regions, between June 2009 and May 2010, were estimated from GOSAT FTS SWIR Level 2 XCO2 retrievals (ver. 02.00) gridded to 5° × 5° cells and averaged on a monthly basis and monthly-mean GLOBALVIEW-CO2 data. Our result indicated that adding the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals to the GLOBALVIEW data in the flux estimation brings changes to fluxes of tropics and other remote regions where the surface-based data are sparse. The uncertainties of these remote fluxes were reduced by as much as 60% through such addition. Optimized fluxes estimated for many of these regions, were brought closer to the prior fluxes by the addition of the GOSAT retrievals. In most of the regions and seasons considered here, the estimated fluxes fell within the range of natural flux variabilities estimated with the component models.
Oligomer formation within secondary organic aerosol: equilibrium and dynamic considerations
Authors: Trump E. R. , Donahue N. M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. We present a model based on the volatility basis set to consider the potential influence of oligomer content on volatility-driven SOA yields. The implications for aerosol evaporation studies, including dilution, chamber thermo-equilibration, and thermodenuder studies are also considered. A simplified description of oligomer formation reproduces essentially all of the broad classes of equilibrium and dynamical observations related to SOA formation and evaporation: significant oligomer content may be consistent with mass yields that increase with organic aerosol mass concentration; reversible oligomerization can explain the hysteresis between the rate of SOA formation and its evaporation rate upon dilution; and the model is consistent with both chamber thermo-equilibration studies and thermodenuder studies of SOA evaporation.