bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active and Passive Thermal Management in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nagallapati Vishwanath , Khare Vivek Kumar , Sharma Abhay , Simhambhatla Suryakumar
Published: March 2023

This article presents innovative approaches for managing residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing (AM) of metal components (baseplate material: EN8; filler wire material: ER70S-6). The experiments are conducted with two approaches for thermal management—passive and active. The passive approach of experiments is performed by varying the selected process parameters to study their effect on residual stresses and distortion. The chosen parameters are current, torch speed, geometry, continuous or a delay in the deposition, and cooling arrangement. Based on the understanding gained from the passive approach, the active approach of thermal management was implemented by insulating the substrate with and without adaptive current and heating the substrate. The experimental results were corroborated with the simulation to understand the process better. A comparative study for hardness was made based on the T8/5 extracted from the simulation. These experiments and simulations endorse passive and active thermal management as effective tools that can alter the distortion and residual stress pattern and the mechanical properties of an AM component. The investigation concludes that the process parameters that lead to higher heat input vis-à-vis an increase in current or a decrease in speed increase the distortion. On the other hand, the parameters that affect the rate of heat distribution vis-à-vis torch speed and geometry affect the residual stresses. When current, traverse speed and a/b ratio were kept the same, active thermal management with a heated base reduced distortion from 1.226 mm to 0.431 mm, a 65% reduction compared to passive thermal management. Additionally, the maximum residual stress was reduced from 492.31 MPa to 250.68 MPa, with residual stresses decreasing from 418.57 MPa to 372 MPa. Overall, active thermal management resulted in a 63% reduction in distortion, lowering it from 1.35 mm to 0.50 mm using external heating. The components that are difficult to complete because of the in-process distortion are expected to be manufactured with thermal management, e.g., heating the substrate is an effective measure to manage the in-process distortion. Thermal management techniques depend on geometry; for instance, a concave surface, because of self-heating, reduces the cooling rate and has relatively less variation in hardness.
Influence of Parameters and Regimes of the Electrodeposition on Hardness of Copper Coatings
Authors: Mladenović Ivana O. , Nikolić Nebojša D.
Published: March 2023

Correlation among morphological, structural and hardness characteristics of electrodeposited copper coatings is presented in this review paper. Cu coatings were produced applying constant galvanostatic (DC) and pulsating current (PC) regimes on hard silicon (Si(111)) and brass substrates. The parameters of the electrochemical deposition were analyzed, which include the kinds of electrolyte and cathode, the coating thickness and the electrolyte stirring, as well as the parameters defining PC regime, such as the average current density and the current density amplitude, were analyzed. Morphology and structure of Cu coatings were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation. The coatings of Cu on both Si(111) and brass cathodes belong to “soft film (coating) on hard substrate” composite hardness system, and the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model was applied to estimate a hardness of the Cu coatings. Analyzing the examined parameters and regimes of electrodeposition, the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14 has been defined by the C–L model. Based on done analyses, it is shown that this RID value, separating a zone where measured hardness corresponds to the coating hardness and a zone where it is necessary to apply the C–L model to determine an absolute hardness of the Cu coatings, has an universal character for the electrolytically produced Cu coatings on Si(111) and brass substrates.
Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Lipid Stability in Mice Tissue Homogenates
Authors: Dorochow Erika , Gurke Robert , Rischke Samuel , Geisslinger Gerd , Hahnefeld Lisa
Published: March 2023

Lipids are biomolecules involved in numerous (patho-)physiological processes and their elucidation in tissue samples is of particular interest. However, tissue analysis goes hand in hand with many challenges and the influence of pre-analytical factors can intensively change lipid concentrations ex vivo, compromising the results of the whole research project. Here, we study the influence of pre-analytical factors on lipid profiles during the processing of homogenized tissues. Homogenates from four different mice tissues (liver, kidney, heart, spleen) were stored at room temperature as well as in ice water for up to 120 min and analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Lipid class ratios were calculated since their suitability as indicators for sample stability has been previously illustrated. Only approx. 40% of lipid class ratios were unchanged after 35 min, which was further reduced to 25% after 120 min during storage at room temperature. In contrast, lipids in tissue homogenates were generally stable when samples were kept in ice water, as more than 90% of investigated lipid class ratios remained unchanged after 35 min. Ultimately, swift processing of tissue homogenates under cooled conditions represents a viable option for lipid analysis and pre-analytical factors require more attention to achieve reliable results.
Association of Maternal Metabolites and Metabolite Networks with Newborn Outcomes in a Multi-Ancestry Cohort
Authors: Gleason Brooke , Kuang Alan , Bain James R. , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Ilkayeva Olga R. , Scholtens Denise M. , Lowe William L.
Published: March 2023

The in utero environment is important for newborn size at birth, which is associated with childhood adiposity. We examined associations between maternal metabolite levels and newborn birthweight, sum of skinfolds (SSF), and cord C-peptide in a multinational and multi-ancestry cohort of 2337 mother–newborn dyads. Targeted and untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on fasting and 1 h maternal serum samples collected during an oral glucose tolerance test performed at 24–32 week gestation in women participating in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. Anthropometric measurements were obtained on newborns at birth. Following adjustment for maternal BMI and glucose, per-metabolite analyses demonstrated significant associations between maternal metabolite levels and birthweight, SSF, and cord C-peptide. In the fasting state, triglycerides were positively associated and several long-chain acylcarnitines were inversely associated with birthweight and SSF. At 1 h, additional metabolites including branched-chain amino acids, proline, and alanine were positively associated with newborn outcomes. Network analyses demonstrated distinct clusters of inter-connected metabolites significantly associated with newborn phenotypes. In conclusion, numerous maternal metabolites during pregnancy are significantly associated with newborn birthweight, SSF, and cord C-peptide independent of maternal BMI and glucose, suggesting that metabolites in addition to glucose contribute to newborn size at birth and adiposity.
H3 Lysine 4 Methylation Is Required for Full Activation of Genes Involved in α-Ketoglutarate Availability in the Nucleus of Yeast Cells after Diauxic Shift
Authors: Di Nisio Elena , Danovska Svetlana , Condemi Livia , Cirigliano Angela , Rinaldi Teresa , Licursi Valerio , Negri Rodolfo
Published: March 2023

We show that in S. cerevisiae the metabolic diauxic shift is associated with a H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) increase which involves a significant fraction of transcriptionally induced genes which are required for the metabolic changes, suggesting a role for histone methylation in their transcriptional regulation. We show that histone H3K4me3 around the start site correlates with transcriptional induction in some of these genes. Among the methylation-induced genes are IDP2 and ODC1, which regulate the nuclear availability of α-ketoglutarate, which, as a cofactor for Jhd2 demethylase, regulates H3K4 tri-methylation. We propose that this feedback circuit could be used to regulate the nuclear α-ketoglutarate pool concentration. We also show that yeast cells adapt to the absence of Jhd2 by decreasing Set1 methylation activity.
Wearable High Voltage Compliant Current Stimulator for Restoring Sensory Feedback
Authors: Collu Riccardo , Paolini Roberto , Bilotta Martina , Demofonti Andrea , Cordella Francesca , Zollo Loredana , Barbaro Massimo
Published: March 2023

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a promising technique for eliciting referred tactile sensations in patients with limb amputation. Although several studies show the validity of this technique, its application in daily life and away from laboratories is limited by the need for more portable instrumentation that guarantees the necessary voltage and current requirements for proper sensory stimulation. This study proposes a low-cost, wearable high-voltage compliant current stimulator with four independent channels based on Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS). This microcontroller-based system implements a voltage-current converter controllable through a digital-to-analog converter that delivers up to 25 mA to load up to 3.6 kΩ. The high-voltage compliance enables the system to adapt to variations in electrode-skin impedance, allowing it to stimulate loads over 10 kΩ with currents of 5 mA. The system was realized on a four-layer PCB (115.9 mm × 61 mm, 52 g). The functionality of the device was tested on resistive loads and on an equivalent skin-like RC circuit. Moreover, the possibility of implementing an amplitude modulation was demonstrated.
A Literature Survey with the Focus on Magnetically Coupled Wireless Power Transfer Systems Developed for Engineering and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kouhalvandi Lida , Ozoguz Serdar , Koohestani Mohsen
Published: March 2023

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the transmission of electrical energy to other external/internal devices without the need for wire connection. Such a system is useful to power electrical devices as a promising technology for various emerging applications. The implementation of devices integrated with WPT alters the existing technologies and enhance the theoretical concept for future works. Over the last decade, various studies have been conducted on the applications of magnetically coupled WPT systems, where a general overview over such devices would be beneficial. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review over various WPT systems developed for commercially existing applications. The importance of WPT systems is first reported from the engineering point of view, followed by their uses in biomedical devices.
Single Cell Analysis of Inertial Migration by Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters
Authors: Zhou Jian , Vorobyeva Alexandra , Luan Qiyue , Papautsky Ian
Published: March 2023

Single-cell analysis provides a wealth of information regarding the molecular landscape of the tumor cells responding to extracellular stimulations, which has greatly advanced the research in cancer biology. In this work, we adapt such a concept for the analysis of inertial migration of cells and clusters, which is promising for cancer liquid biopsy, by isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters. Using high-speed camera tracking live individual tumor cells and cell clusters, the behavior of inertial migration was profiled in unprecedented detail. We found that inertial migration is heterogeneous spatially, depending on the initial cross-sectional location. The lateral migration velocity peaks at about 25% of the channel width away from the sidewalls for both single cells and clusters. More importantly, while the doublets of the cell clusters migrate significantly faster than single cells (~two times faster), cell triplets unexpectedly have similar migration velocities to doublets, which seemingly disagrees with the size-dependent nature of inertial migration. Further analysis indicates that the cluster shape or format (for example, triplets can be in string format or triangle format) plays a significant role in the migration of more complex cell clusters. We found that the migration velocity of a string triplet is statistically comparable to that of a single cell while the triangle triplets can migrate slightly faster than doublets, suggesting that size-based sorting of cells and clusters can be challenging depending on the cluster format. Undoubtedly, these new findings need to be considered in the translation of inertial microfluidic technology for CTC cluster detection.
Chiral Metasurface for Near-Field Imaging and Far-Field Holography Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Qiu Yihang , Chen Sixue , Hou Zheyu , Wang Jingjing , Shen Jian , Li Chaoyang
Published: March 2023

Chiral metasurfaces have great influence on the development of holography. Nonetheless, it is still challenging to design chiral metasurface structures on demand. As a machine learning method, deep learning has been applied to design metasurface in recent years. This work uses a deep neural network with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.03 to inverse design chiral metasurface. With the help of this approach, a chiral metasurface with circular dichroism (CD) values higher than 0.4 is designed. The static chirality of the metasurface and the hologram with an image distance of 3000 μm are characterized. The imaging results are clearly visible and demonstrate the feasibility of our inverse design approach.
Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization
Authors: Masrakin Khuzairi , Ibrahim Siti Zuraidah , Rahim Hasliza A. , Azemi Saidatul Norlyana , Soh Ping Jack , Tantiviwat Sugchai
Published: March 2023

This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials.
Saccharopolyspora sp. NFXS83 in Marine Biotechnological Applications: From Microalgae Growth Promotion to the Production of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Bertrand Constança D. F. , Martins Rodrigo , Quintas-Nunes Francisco , Reynolds-Brandão Pedro , Crespo Maria T. B. , Nascimento Francisco X.
Published: March 2023

Marine bacteria are a significant source of bioactive compounds for various biotechnological applications. Among these, actinomycetes have been found to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites of interest. Saccharopolyspora is one of the genera of actinomycetes that has been recognized as a potential source of these compounds. This study reports the characterization and genomic analysis of Saccharopolyspora sp. NFXS83, a marine bacterium isolated from seawater from the Sado estuary in Portugal. The NFXS83 strain produced multiple functional and stable extracellular enzymes under high-salt conditions, showed the ability to synthesize auxins such as indole-3-acetic acid, and produced diffusible secondary metabolites capable of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, when Phaeodactylum tricornutum was co-cultivated with strain NFXS83 a significant increase in microalgae cell count, cell size, auto-fluorescence, and fucoxanthin content was observed. Detailed analysis revealed the presence of clusters involved in the production of various secondary metabolites, including extracellular enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, terpenes, and carotenoids in the genome of strain NFXS83. Ultimately, these findings indicate that Saccharopolyspora sp. NFXS83 has a significant potential for a wide range of marine biotechnological applications.
Identification of Francisella tularensis Subspecies in a Clinical Setting Using MALDI-TOF MS: An In-House Francisella Library and Biomarkers
Authors: de Vries Maaike C. , Hoeve-Bakker B. J. A. , van den Beld Maaike J. C. , Hendriks Amber C. A. , Harpal Airien S. D. , Noomen Ramón C. E. A. , Reubsaet Frans A. G.
Published: March 2023

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterium that is endemic in large parts of the world. It is absent in the standard library of the most applied matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems: the Vitek MS and the Bruker Biotyper system. The additional Bruker MALDI Biotyper Security library contains F. tularensis without subspecies differentiation. The virulence of F. tularensis differs between the subspecies. The F. tularensis subspecies (ssp.) tularensis is highly pathogenic, whereas the subspecies holarctica displays lower virulence and subspecies novicida and F. tularensis ssp. mediasiatica are hardly virulent. To differentiate the Francisellaceae and the F. tularensis-subspecies, an in-house Francisella library was built with the Bruker Biotyper system and validated together with the existing Bruker databases. In addition, specific biomarkers were defined based on the main spectra of the Francisella strains supplemented with in silico genome data. Our in-house Francisella library accurately differentiates the F. tularensis subspecies and the other Francisellaceae. The biomarkers correctly differentiate the various species within the genus Francisella and the F. tularensis subspecies. These MALDI-TOF MS strategies can successfully be applied in a clinical laboratory setting as a fast and specific method to identify F. tularensis to subspecies level.
From In Vitro to In Vivo: A Rational Flowchart for the Selection and Characterization of Candidate Probiotic Strains in Intestinal Disorders
Authors: Maillard Flore , Meynier Maëva , Mondot Stanislas , Pepke Frederic , Galbert Chloé , Torres Maravilla Edgar , Kropp Camille , Sokol Harry , Carvalho Frédéric Antonio , Jacouton Elsa , Holowacz Sophie , Langella Philippe , Chain Florian , Martín Rebeca
Published: March 2023

Experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated the potential of probiotic strains in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there is little data on what the methodology leading to the identification of such strains should be. In this work, we propose a new flowchart to identify strains with probiotic potential for the management of IBS and IBD, which we tested on a collection of 39 lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria strains. This flowchart included in vitro tests of immunomodulatory properties on intestinal and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), assessment of the barrier-strengthening effect by measuring transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists produced by the strains. The in vitro results were then combined in a principal component analysis (PCA) to identify strains associated with an anti-inflammatory profile. To validate our flowchart, we tested the two most promising strains identified in the PCA in mouse models of post-infectious IBS or chemically induced colitis to mimic IBD. Our results show that this screening strategy allows the identification of strains with potential beneficial effects on colonic inflammation and colonic hypersensitivity.
Climate Warming Does Not Override Eutrophication, but Facilitates Nutrient Release from Sediment and Motivates Eutrophic Process
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Qi , Xu Jun
Published: March 2023

The climate is changing. The average temperature in Wuhan, China, is forecast to increase by at least 4.5 °C over the next century. Shallow lakes are important components of the biosphere, but they are sensitive to climate change and nutrient pollution. We hypothesized that nutrient concentration is the key determinant of nutrient fluxes at the water-sediment interface, and that increased temperature increases nutrient movement to the water column because warming stimulates shifts in microbial composition and function. Here, twenty-four mesocosms, mimicking shallow lake ecosystems, were used to study the effects of warming by 4.5 °C above ambient temperature at two levels of nutrients relevant to current degrees of lake eutrophication levels. This study lasted for 7 months (April–October) under conditions of near-natural light. Intact sediments from two different trophic lakes (hypertrophic and mesotrophic) were used, separately. Environmental factors and bacterial community compositions of overlying water and sediment were measured at monthly intervals (including nutrient fluxes, chlorophyll a [chl a], water conductivity, pH, sediment characteristics, and sediment-water et al.). In low nutrient treatment, warming significantly increased chl a in the overlying waters and bottom water conductivity, it also drives a shift in microbial functional composition towards more conducive sediment carbon and nitrogen emissions. In addition, summer warming significantly accelerates the release of inorganic nutrients from the sediment, to which microorganisms make an important contribution. In high nutrient treatment, by contrast, the chl a was significantly decreased by warming, and the nutrient fluxes of sediment were significantly enhanced, warming had considerably smaller effects on benthic nutrient fluxes. Our results suggest that the process of eutrophication could be significantly accelerated in current projections of global warming, especially in shallow unstratified clear-water lakes dominated by macrophytes.
Molecular In-Depth on the Epidemiological Expansion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5
Authors: Scarpa Fabio , Azzena Ilenia , Locci Chiara , Casu Marco , Fiori Pier Luigi , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Angeletti Silvia , Imperia Elena , Giovanetti Marta , Maruotti Antonello , Borsetti Alessandra , Cauda Roberto , Cassone Antonio , Via Allegra , Pascarella Stefano , Sanna Daria , Ciccozzi Massimo
Published: March 2023

Since the beginning of the pandemic, the generation of new variants periodically recurs. The XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 variant is one of the most recent. This research was aimed at verifying the potential hazard of this new subvariant. To achieve this objective, we performed a genome-based integrative approach, integrating results from genetic variability/phylodynamics with structural and immunoinformatic analyses to obtain as comprehensive a viewpoint as possible. The Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) shows that the viral population size reached the plateau phase on 24 November 2022, and the number of lineages peaked at the same time. The evolutionary rate is relatively low, amounting to 6.9 × 10−4 subs/sites/years. The NTD domain is identical for XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 whereas their RBDs only differ for the mutations at position 486, where the Phe (in the original Wuhan) is replaced by a Ser in XBB and XBB.1, and by a Pro in XBB.1.5. The variant XBB.1.5 seems to spread more slowly than sub-variants that have caused concerns in 2022. The multidisciplinary molecular in-depth analyses on XBB.1.5 performed here does not provide evidence for a particularly high risk of viral expansion. Results indicate that XBB.1.5 does not possess features to become a new, global, public health threat. As of now, in its current molecular make-up, XBB.1.5 does not represent the most dangerous variant.
Rock Physical Properties of Longmaxi Shale Gas Formation in South Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Guo Wei , Zheng Majia , Liu Zhonghua , Shen Weijun , Zhou Shangwen , Liang Pingping , Chen Yuchuan
Published: March 2023

Deep shale gas (burial depth > 3500 m) in the Longmaxi Formation of southern Sichuan Province will be the primary target for exploration and development in China for a relatively long period. However, the lack of a physical basis for the “sweet-spots” seismic and well-logging prediction is caused by uncertainty in the rock physical properties of deep shale gas in the research area. Acoustic and hardness measurements were performed on shale samples from a deep layer of the Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan. Microtextural characteristics of the shale samples were also analyzed by conventional optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these measurements, the rock physical properties of the shale samples and control factors are discussed. It is shown that the deep shale samples have similar properties to the shallow shale in mineral composition, microtexture, and pore type. However, the organic pore in deep shale samples is relatively undeveloped, while the dissolved pores are more developed. For high-quality shale samples (total organic content > 2%), crystal quartz of biological origin forms the framework of rock samples, resulting in effective dynamic and static properties, reflecting the elastic behavior of rigid quartz aggregates. For organic-lean samples (total organic content < 2%), orientated detrital clay particles take the role of load-bearing grains. Therefore, these shale samples’ overall rock physical properties are mainly controlled by the elastic properties of “soft” clay. The load-bearing grain variation from organic-rich shale samples to organic-lean samples results in an overturned “V”-type change in terms of velocity versus content. Organic-rich shale samples also show an apparent low Poisson’s ratio. Organic-rich shale has a slight velocity–porosity trend, while organic-lean shale shows a significant velocity–porosity trend. In addition, due to the difference in rock microtexture between organic-rich and organic-lean shale, these two kinds of reservoir rocks can be discriminated in cross plots of P-wave impedance versus Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus versus Poisson’s ratio. Change in hardness also reflects the control of microtexture, and shale samples with biological-origin quartz as load-bearing grains show higher hardness and brittleness. However, the variation in quartz content has less of an impact on hardness and brittleness in shale samples with clay as the load-bearing grain. Our results provide an experimental basis for the geophysical identification and prediction of deep shale gas layers.
Development of CO2 Absorption Using Blended Alkanolamine Absorbents for Multicycle Integrated Absorption–Mineralization
Authors: Thamsiriprideeporn Chanakarn , Tetsuya Suekane
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of blended amine absorbents in improving the CO2 alkanolamine-based absorption of multicycle integrated absorption–mineralization (multicycle IAM) under standard operating conditions (20–25 °C and 1 atm). Multicycle IAM is a promising approach that transforms CO2 emissions into valuable products such as carbonates using amine solvents and waste brine. Previously, the use of monoethanolamine (MEA) as an absorbent had limitations in terms of CO2 conversion and absorbent degradation, which led to the exploration of blended alkanolamine absorbents, such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and aminomethyl propanol (AMP) combined with MEA. The blended absorbent was evaluated in terms of the absorption performance and carbonate production in continuous cycles of absorption, precipitation/regeneration, and preparation. The results showed that the fourth cycle of the blend of 15 wt.% AMP and 5 wt.% MEA achieved high CO2 absorption and conversion efficiency, with approximately 87% of the absorbed CO2 being converted into precipitated carbonates in 43 min and a slight degradation efficiency of approximately 45%. This blended absorbent can improve the efficiency of capturing and converting CO2 when compared to the use of a single MEA, which is one of the alternative options for the development of CO2 capture and utilization in the future.
Visual Interpretation of Machine Learning: Genetical Classification of Apatite from Various Ore Sources
Authors: Zhou Tong , Cai Yi-Wei , An Mao-Guo , Zhou Fei , Zhi Cheng-Long , Sun Xin-Chun , Tamer Murat
Published: March 2023

Machine learning provides solutions to a diverse range of problems in high-dimensional datasets in geosciences. However, machine learning is generally criticized for being an enigmatic black box as it focusses on results but ignores the processes. To address this issue, we used supervised decision boundary maps (SDBM) to visually illustrate and interpret the machine learning process. We constructed a SDBM to classify the ore genetics from 1551 trace element data of apatite in various types of deposits. Attribute-based visual explanation of multidimensional projections (A-MPs) was introduced to SDBM to further demonstrate the correlation between features and machine learning process. Our results show that SDBM explores the interpretability of machine learning process and the A-MPs approach reveals the role of trace elements in machine learning classification. Combining SDBM and A-MPs methods, we propose intuitive and accurate discrimination diagrams and the most indicative elements for ore genetic types. Our work provides novel insights for the visualization application of geo-machine learning, which is expected to be a powerful tool for high-dimensional geochemical data analysis and mineral deposit exploration.
A Quantitative Method to Predict the Shear Yield Stress of Rock Joints
Authors: Han Zhenyu , Xie Shijie , Lin Hang , Duan Hongyu , Li Diyuan
Published: March 2023

The shear mechanical properties of rock joints are crucial in assessing the stability and safety of rock structures, including slopes, rock dams, and tunnels. The yield stress serves as a pivotal point that distinguishes the linear and non-linear mechanical characteristics of rock joints. Due to its significance in risk monitoring and safety evaluation, this paper first provides an overview of the commonly employed methods for identifying the yield stress. Then, a novel displacement reduction method based on the displacement reduction coefficient is proposed and systemically examined. The comparison between the proposed method and existing methods based on shear experimental data suggests that the former is more adept at accurately determining the yield stress without subjective interference. Finally, this innovative method is employed to estimate the effects of external environmental factors on the yield stress of rock joints.
Traceability Management of Socio-Cyber-Physical Systems Involving Goal and SysML Models
Authors: Anda Amal Ahmed , Amyot Daniel , Mylopoulos John
Published: March 2023

Socio-cyber-physical systems (SCPSs) have emerged as networked heterogeneous systems that incorporate social components (e.g., business processes and social networks) along with physical (e.g., Internet-of-Things devices) and software components. Model-driven techniques for building SCPSs need actor and goal models to capture social concerns, whereas system issues are often addressed with the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Comprehensive traceability between these types of models is essential to support consistency and completeness checks, change management, and impact analysis. However, traceability management between these complementary views is not well supported across SysML tools, particularly when models evolve because SysML does not provide sophisticated out-of-the-box goal modeling capabilities. In our previous work, we proposed a model-based framework, called CGS4Adaptation, that supports basic traceability by importing goal and SysML models into a leading third-party requirement-management system, namely IBM Rational DOORS. In this paper, we present the framework’s traceability management method and its use for automated consistency and completeness checks. Traceability management also includes implicit link detection, thereby, improving the quality of traceability links while better aligning designs with requirements. The method is evaluated using an adaptive SCPS case study involving an IoT-based smart home. The results suggest that the tool-supported method is effective and useful in supporting the traceability management process involving complex goal and SysML models in one environment while saving development time and effort.
Designing Click One-Pot Synthesis and Antidiabetic Studies of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Shafique Kainat , Farrukh Aftab , Mahmood Ali Tariq , Qasim Sumera , Jafri Laila , Abd-Rabboh Hisham S. M. , AL-Anazy Murefah mana , Kalsoom Saima
Published: March 2023

In the present study, a new series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives was synthesized via a click one-pot reaction. The synthesized compounds were found to be active during molecular docking studies against targeted protein 1T69 by using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. The designed and synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and LC-MS spectra. The synthesized triazole moieties were further screened for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The preliminary activity analysis revealed that all the compounds showed good inhibition activity, ranging from moderate to high depending upon their structures and concentrations and compared to the standard drug acarbose. Both in silico and in vitro analysis indicated that the synthesized triazole molecules are potent for DM type-II. Out of all the compounds, compound K-1 showed the maximum antidiabetic activity with 87.01% and 99.17% inhibition at 800 µg/mL in the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, respectively. Therefore these triazoles may be further used as promising molecules for development of antidiabetic compounds.
MOF-Derived Ultrathin NiCo-S Nanosheet Hybrid Array Electrodes Prepared on Nickel Foam for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jing , Li Jun , Shao Meng , Yan Yanan , Li Ruoliu
Published: March 2023

At present, binary bimetallic sulfides are widely studied in supercapacitors due to their high conductivity and excellent specific capacitance (SC). In this article, NiCo-S nanostructured hybrid electrode materials were prepared on nickel foam (NF) by using a binary metal–organic skeleton as the sacrificial template via a two-step hydrothermal method. Comparative analysis was carried out with Ni-S and Co-S in situ on NF to verify the excellent electrochemical performance of bimetallic sulfide as an electrode material for supercapacitors. NiCo-S/NF exhibited an SC of 2081 F∙g−1 at 1 A∙g−1, significantly superior to Ni-S/NF (1520.8 F∙g−1 at 1 A∙g−1) and Co-S/NF (1427 F∙g−1 at 1 A∙g−1). In addition, the material demonstrated better rate performance and cycle stability, with a specific capacity retention rate of 58% at 10 A∙g−1 than at 1 A∙g−1, and 75.7% of capacity was retained after 5000 cycles. The hybrid supercapacitor assembled by NiCo-S//AC exhibited a high energy density of 25.58 Wh∙kg−1 at a power density of 400 W∙kg−1.
Integrating Fly Ash-Controlled Surface Morphology and Candle Grease Coating: Access to Highly Hydrophobic Poly (L-lactic Acid) Composite for Anti-Icing Application
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , Xue Bai , Mai Xiaoping , Wu Changmei , Zeng Lingjun , Xie Lan , Zheng Qiang
Published: March 2023

New ways of recycling fly ash are of great significance for reducing the environmental pollution. In this work, biodegradable hydrophobic poly (L-lactic acid)/fly ash composites for anti-icing application were successfully fabricated via a facile solvent-volatilization-induced phase separation approach. A silane coupling agent of 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate was used to decorate a fly ash surface (FA@KH570) for strengthening the interface bonding between fly ash and poly (L-lactic acid). Moreover, FA@KH570 could obviously enhance the crystallinity of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/FA@KH570 composites, which accelerated the conversion from the liquid-liquid to the liquid-solid phase separation principle. Correspondingly, the controllable surface morphology from smooth to petal-like microspheres was attained simply by adjusting the FA@KH570 content. After coating nontoxic candle grease, the apparent contact angle of 5 wt% PLLA/FA@KH570 composite was significantly increased to an astonishing 151.2°, which endowed the composite with excellent anti-icing property. This strategy paves the way for recycling waste fly ash and manufacturing hydrophobic poly (L-lactic acid) composite for potential application as an anti-icing material for refrigerator interior walls.
Nanofluids for Direct-Absorption Solar Collectors—DASCs: A Review on Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Moghaieb Hussein Sayed , Amendola Vincenzo , Khalil Sameh , Chakrabarti Supriya , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide
Published: March 2023

Owing to their superior optical and thermal properties over conventional fluids, nanofluids represent an innovative approach for use as working fluids in direct-absorption solar collectors for efficient solar-to-thermal energy conversion. The application of nanofluids in direct-absorption solar collectors demands high-performance solar thermal nanofluids that exhibit exceptional physical and chemical stability over long periods and under a variety of operating, fluid dynamics, and temperature conditions. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field of nanofluids utilized in direct-absorption solar collectors in terms of their preparation techniques, optical behaviours, solar thermal energy conversion performance, as well as their physical and thermal stability, along with the experimental setups and calculation approaches used. We also highlight the challenges associated with the practical implementation of nanofluid-based direct-absorption solar collectors and offer suggestions and an outlook for the future.
One-Step Synthesis of a Binder-Free, Stable, and High-Performance Electrode; Cu-O|Cu3P Heterostructure for the Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR)
Authors: Yarmolenko Alina , Malik Bibhudatta , Avraham Efrat Shawat , Nessim Gilbert Daniel
Published: March 2023

Although direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have been spotlighted in the past decade, their commercialization has been hampered by the poor efficiency of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) due to the unsatisfactory performance of currently available electrocatalysts. Herein, we developed a binder-free, copper-based, self-supported electrode consisting of a heterostructure of Cu3P and mixed copper oxides, i.e., cuprous–cupric oxide (Cu-O), as a high-performance catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol. We synthesized a self-supported electrode composed of Cu-O|Cu3P using a two-furnace atmospheric pressure–chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of 3D nanocrystals with defects and pores. Cu-O|Cu3P outperformed the MOR activity of individual Cu3P and Cu-O owing to the synergistic interaction between them. Cu3P|Cu-O exhibited a highest anodic current density of 232.5 mAcm−2 at the low potential of 0.65 V vs. Hg/HgO, which is impressive and superior to the electrocatalytic activity of its individual counterparts. The formation of defects, 3D morphology, and the synergistic effect between Cu3P and Cu-O play a crucial role in facilitating the electron transport between electrode and electrolyte to obtain the optimal MOR activity. Cu-O|Cu3P shows outstanding MOR stability for about 3600 s with 100% retention of the current density, which proves its robustness alongside CO intermediate.
Advances in Meta-Optics and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Ou Kai , Wan Hengyi , Wang Guangfeng , Zhu Jingyuan , Dong Siyu , He Tao , Yang Hui , Wei Zeyong , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: March 2023

Meta-optics based on metasurfaces that interact strongly with light has been an active area of research in recent years. The development of meta-optics has always been driven by human’s pursuits of the ultimate miniaturization of optical elements, on-demand design and control of light beams, and processing hidden modalities of light. Underpinned by meta-optical physics, meta-optical devices have produced potentially disruptive applications in light manipulation and ultra-light optics. Among them, optical metalens are most fundamental and prominent meta-devices, owing to their powerful abilities in advanced imaging and image processing, and their novel functionalities in light manipulation. This review focuses on recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of the field defined by excavating new optical physics and breaking the limitations of light manipulation. In addition, we have deeply explored the metalenses and metalens-based devices with novel functionalities, and their applications in computational imaging and image processing. We also provide an outlook on this active field in the end.
Highly Efficient 2D/3D Mixed-Dimensional Cs2PbI2Cl2/CsPbI2.5Br0.5 Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Methanol/Isopropanol Treatment
Authors: Li Bicui , Yang Shujie , Han Huifang , Liu Huijing , Zhao Hang , Li Zhenzhen , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi
Published: March 2023

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells are attractive photovoltaic devices because of their excellent optoelectronic performance and thermal stability. Unfortunately, the currently used efficient inorganic perovskite materials can spontaneously transform into undesirable phases without light-absorption properties. Studies have been carried out to stabilize all-inorganic perovskite by mixing low-dimensional perovskite. Compared with organic two-dimensional (2D) perovskite, inorganic 2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 shows superior thermal stability. Our group has successfully fabricated 2D/3D mixed-dimensional Cs2PbI2Cl2/CsPbI2.5Br0.5 films with increasing phase stability. The high boiling point of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) makes it a preferred solvent in the preparation of Cs2PbI2Cl2/CsPbI2.5Br0.5 inorganic perovskite. When the perovskite films are prepared by the one-step solution method, it is difficult to evaporate the residual solvent molecules from the prefabricated films, resulting in films with rough surface morphology and high defect density. This study used the rapid precipitation method to control the formation of perovskite by treating it with methanol/isopropanol (MT/IPA) mixed solvent to produce densely packed, smooth, and high-crystallized perovskite films. The bulk defects and the carrier transport barrier of the interface were effectively reduced, which decreased the recombination of the carriers in the device. As a result, this effectively improved photoelectric performance. Through treatment with MT/IPA, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells prepared in the N2 atmosphere increased from 13.44% to 14.10%, and the PCE of the device prepared in the air increased from 3.52% to 8.91%.
Tellurium Doping Inducing Defect Passivation for Highly Effective Antimony Selenide Thin Film Solar Cell
Authors: Chen Guojie , Li Xiangye , Abbas Muhammad , Fu Chen , Su Zhenghua , Tang Rong , Chen Shuo , Fan Ping , Liang Guangxing
Published: March 2023

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is emerging as a promising photovoltaic material owing to its excellent photoelectric property. However, the low carrier transport efficiency, and detrimental surface oxidation of the Sb2Se3 thin film greatly influenced the further improvement of the device efficiency. In this study, the introduction of tellurium (Te) can induce the benign growth orientation and the desirable Sb/Se atomic ratio in the Te-Sb2Se3 thin film. Under various characterizations, it found that the Te-doping tended to form Sb2Te3-doped Sb2Se3, instead of alloy-type Sb2(Se,Te)3. After Te doping, the mitigation of surface oxidation has been confirmed by the Raman spectra. High-quality Te-Sb2Se3 thin films with preferred [hk1] orientation, large grain size, and low defect density can be successfully prepared. Consequently, a 7.61% efficiency Sb2Se3 solar cell has been achieved with a VOC of 474 mV, a JSC of 25.88 mA/cm2, and an FF of 64.09%. This work can provide an effective strategy for optimizing the physical properties of the Sb2Se3 absorber, and therefore the further efficiency improvement of the Sb2Se3 solar cells.
Direct Growth of Patterned Vertical Graphene Using Thermal Stress Mismatch between Barrier Layer and Substrate
Authors: Qian Fengsong , Deng Jun , Ma Xiaochen , Fu Guosheng , Xu Chen
Published: March 2023

Vertical graphene (VG) combines the excellent properties of conventional graphene with a unique vertical nanosheet structure, and has shown tremendous promise in the field of electronics and composites. However, its complex surface morphology brings great difficulties to micro-nano fabrication, especially regarding photolithography induced nanosheet collapse and remaining chemical residues. Here, we demonstrate an innovative method for directly growing patterned VG on a SiO2/Si substrate. A patterned Cr film was deposited on the substrate as a barrier layer. The VG was synthesized by PECVD on both the patterned Cr film and the exposed SiO2/Si substrate. During the cooling process, the patterned Cr film covered by VG naturally peeled off from the substrate due to the thermal stress mismatch, while the VG directly grown on the SiO2/Si substrate was remained. The temperature-dependent thermal stress distribution in each layer was analyzed using finite element simulations, and the separation mechanism of the Cr film from the substrate was explained. This method avoids the contamination and damage caused by the VG photolithography process. Our work is expected to provide a convenient and reliable solution for the manufacture of VG-based electronic devices.