bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Salt Reduction Intervention on Adult Population Salt Intake in Fiji
Authors: Pillay Arti , Trieu Kathy , Santos Joseph , Sukhu Arleen , Schultz Jimaima , Wate Jillian , Bell Colin , Moodie Marj , Snowdon Wendy , Ma Gary , Rogers Kris , Webster Jacqui
Published: December 2017

Reducing population salt intake is a global public health priority due to the potential to save lives and reduce the burden on the healthcare system through decreased blood pressure. This implementation science research project set out to measure salt consumption patterns and to assess the impact of a complex, multi-faceted intervention to reduce population salt intake in Fiji between 2012 and 2016. The intervention combined initiatives to engage food businesses to reduce salt in foods and meals with targeted consumer behavior change programs. There were 169 participants at baseline (response rate 28.2%) and 272 at 20 months (response rate 22.4%). The mean salt intake from 24-h urine samples was estimated to be 11.7 grams per day (g/d) at baseline and 10.3 g/d after 20 months (difference: −1.4 g/day, 95% CI −3.1 to 0.3, p = 0.115). Sub-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in female salt intake in the Central Division but no differential impact in relation to age or ethnicity. Whilst the low response rate means it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about these changes, the population salt intake in Fiji, at 10.3 g/day, is still twice the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended maximum intake. This project also assessed iodine intake levels in women of child-bearing age and found that they were within recommended guidelines. Existing policies and programs to reduce salt intake and prevent iodine deficiency need to be maintained or strengthened. Monitoring to assess changes in salt intake and to ensure that iodine levels remain adequate should be built into future surveys.
Landslide Mapping and Characterization through Infrared Thermography (IRT): Suggestions for a Methodological Approach from Some Case Studies
Authors: Frodella William , Gigli Giovanni , Morelli Stefano , Lombardi Luca , Casagli Nicola
Published: December 2017

In this paper, the potential of Infrared Thermography (IRT) as a novel operational tool for landslide surveying, mapping and characterization was tested and demonstrated in different case studies, by analyzing various types of instability processes (rock slide/fall, roto-translational slide-flow). In particular, IRT was applied, both from terrestrial and airborne platforms, in an integrated methodology with other geomatcs methods, such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and global positioning systems (GPS), for the detection and mapping of landslides’ potentially hazardous structural and morphological features (structural discontinuities and open fractures, scarps, seepage and moisture zones, landslide drainage network and ponds). Depending on the study areas’ hazard context, the collected remotely sensed data were validated through field inspections, with the purpose of studying and verifying the causes of mass movements. The challenge of this work is to go beyond the current state of the art of IRT in landslide studies, with the aim of improving and extending the investigative capacity of the analyzed technique, in the framework of a growing demand for effective Civil Protection procedures in landslide geo-hydrological disaster managing activities. The proposed methodology proved to be an effective tool for landslide analysis, especially in the field of emergency management, when it is often necessary to gather all the required information in dangerous environments as fast as possible, to be used for the planning of mitigation measures and the evaluation of hazardous scenarios. Advantages and limitations of the proposed method in the field of the explored applications were evaluated, as well as general operative recommendations and future perspectives.
Detecting Forest Disturbance in Northeast China from GLASS LAI Time Series Data Using a Dynamic Model
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Jindi , Zhou Hongmin , Xiao Zhiqiang
Published: December 2017

Large-scale forest disturbance often leads to changes in forest cover and structure, which imposes a great uncertainty in the estimation of the forest carbon cycle and biomass and affects other applications. In northeastern China, the Daxinganling region has abundant forest resources, where the forest coverage is about 30%. The Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) leaf area index (LAI) time series data provide important information to monitor the possible change of forests. In this study, we developed a new method to detect forest disturbances using GLASS LAI data over the Daxinganling region of Northeast China. As a dynamic model, the season-trend model has a higher sensitivity toward a seasonal change in LAI. Based on the accumulation of multi-year GLASS LAI products from 1997 to 2002, the dynamic model of LAI time series for each pixel is established first. The time-stepping modeling (TSM) process was designed by using the season-trend method, and sequential tests for detecting disturbances from a time series of pixels. Significant changes in the model parameters were captured as disturbance signals. Then, the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared bands of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance are used as auxiliary information to distinguish the types of forest disturbances. Here, the algorithm led to the detection of two different types of disturbances: fire and other (e.g., insect, drought, deforestation). In this study, we took the forest region as the study area, used the 8-day composite GLASS LAI data at 1000-m spatial resolution to identify each pixel as a fire disturbance, other disturbance, or non-disturbance. Validation was performed using reference burned area data derived from Landsat 30 m imagery. Results were also compared with the MCD64 product. The validation results were based on confusion matrices showing the overall accuracy (OA) exceeded 92% for our method and the MCD64 product. Statistical tests identified that TSM’s product accuracy is higher than that of MCD64. This study demonstrated that the TSM algorithm using a season-trend model provides a simple and automated approach to identify and map forest disturbance.
An Incomplete Inventory of Suspected Human-Induced Surface Deformation in North America Detected by Satellite Interferometric Synthetic-Aperture Radar
Authors: Semple Alana G. , Pritchard Matthew E. , Lohman Rowena B.
Published: December 2017

We used satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) data to document ground deformation across North America suspected to be caused by human activities. We showed that anthropogenic deformation can be measured from space across the continent and thus satellite observations should be collected routinely to characterize this deformation. We included results from the literature as well as new analysis of more than 5000 interferograms from the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite, Envisat, the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), and other satellites, collectively spanning the period 1992–2015. This compilation, while not complete in terms of spatial or temporal coverage nor uniform in quality over the region, contains 263 different areas of likely anthropogenic ground deformation, including 65 that were previously unreported. The sources can be attributed to groundwater extraction (50%), geothermal sites (6%), hydrocarbon production (20%), mining (21%), and other sources (3%) such as lake level changes driven by human activities and tunneling. In a few areas, the source of deformation is ambiguous. We found at least 80 global positioning system (GPS) stations within 20 km of of these areas that could be contaminated by the anthropogenic deformation. At sites where we performed a full time series analysis, we found a mix of steady and time-variable deformation rates. For example, at the East Mesa Geothermal Field in California, we found an area that changed from subsidence to uplift around 2006, even though publicly available records of pumping and injection showed no change during that time. We illustrate selected non-detections from wastewater injection in Oklahoma and eastern Texas, where we found that the detection threshold with available data is >0.5 cm/yr. This places into doubt previous results claiming detection below this threshold in eastern Texas. However, we found likely injection-induced uplift in a different area of eastern Texas at rates in excess of −2 cm/yr. We encourage others to expand the database in space and time in the supplemental material.
Moving from Space-Based to Ground-Based Solutions in Remote Sensing for Archaeological Heritage: A Case Study from Egypt
Authors: Parcak Sarah
Published: December 2017

This paper evaluates the results of a 2016 study examining high-resolution open-source satellite data from 2002–2013 for sites across Egypt that mapped looting and site encroachment. The author features a looted tripartite coffin (now returned to Egypt) to suggest how satellite imagery might narrow down or provide the general provenience of looted objects and their possible site origins. Mapping where looting has occurred, the intensity of the looting, and emerging future threats to sites are important, but there is no established method at present to work backwards from unprovenanced looted items. Through an assessment of when objects enter countries illegally, the time-period of the looted objects, and an analysis of satellite imagery looting data concerning their country of origin, it is possible to suggest a potential provenance for looted objects. This approach shows how satellite data can be integrated into traditional provenance research. This study presents a workflow for how other projects might utilize a similar approach in other countries.
Combining Partial Least Squares and the Gradient-Boosting Method for Soil Property Retrieval Using Visible Near-Infrared Shortwave Infrared Spectra
Authors: Liu Lanfa , Ji Min , Buchroithner Manfred
Published: December 2017

Soil spectroscopy has experienced a tremendous increase in soil property characterisation, and can be used not only in the laboratory but also from the space (imaging spectroscopy). Partial least squares (PLS) regression is one of the most common approaches for the calibration of soil properties using soil spectra. Besides functioning as a calibration method, PLS can also be used as a dimension reduction tool, which has scarcely been studied in soil spectroscopy. PLS components retained from high-dimensional spectral data can further be explored with the gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT) method. Three soil sample categories were extracted from the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) soil library according to the type of land cover (woodland, grassland, and cropland). First, PLS regression and GBDT were separately applied to build the spectroscopic models for soil organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen content (N), and clay for each soil category. Then, PLS-derived components were used as input variables for the GBDT model. The results demonstrate that the combined PLS-GBDT approach has better performance than PLS or GBDT alone. The relative important variables for soil property estimation revealed by the proposed method demonstrated that the PLS method is a useful dimension reduction tool for soil spectra to retain target-related information.
Characterizing the Seasonal Crustal Motion in Tianshan Area Using GPS, GRACE and Surface Loading Models
Authors: Wu Yunlong , Zhao Qian , Zhang Bao , Wu Weiwei
Published: December 2017

Complex tectonic and non-tectonic movements exist in the Tianshan area. However, we have not acquired good knowledge of such movements yet. In this study, we combine Global Positioning System (GPS), the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Surface Loading Models (SLMs) data to study the seasonal vertical crustal displacements in the Tianshan area. The results show that all three datasets exhibit significant annual variations at all 26 local GPS stations. Correlation coefficients higher than 0.8 between the GRACE and GPS data were observed at 85% of the stations, and it became 92% when comparing GPS and SLMs. The Weighted Root Mean Squares (WRMS) reductions were 41% and 47% after removing the annual displacements of GRACE and SLMs from the GPS time series, respectively. The consistency between the GPS and SLMs data was higher than that between the GPS and GRACE data, which is mainly due to the dominant position of atmospheric loading in the study area. For the abnormal station XJYN (43°N, 81°E), the GPS time series showed an abnormal uplift from early 2013 to early 2015, but this not shown in the GRACE and SLMs results. We attribute this discrepancy to groundwater variations, which are not resolvable by GRACE and SLMs for small-scale regions.
Prediction of Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Using a Fully Data Driven Deep Neural Network
Authors: Chi Junhwa , Kim Hyun-choel
Published: December 2017

The Arctic sea ice is an important indicator of the progress of global warming and climate change. Prediction of Arctic sea ice concentration has been investigated by many disciplines and predictions have been made using a variety of methods. Deep learning (DL) using large training datasets, also known as deep neural network, is a fast-growing area in machine learning that promises improved results when compared to traditional neural network methods. Arctic sea ice data, gathered since 1978 by passive microwave sensors, may be an appropriate input for training DL models. In this study, a large Arctic sea ice dataset was employed to train a deep neural network and this was then used to predict Arctic sea ice concentration, without incorporating any physical data. We compared the results of our methods quantitatively and qualitatively to results obtained using a traditional autoregressive (AR) model, and to a compilation of results from the Sea Ice Prediction Network, collected using a diverse set of approaches. Our DL-based prediction methods outperformed the AR model and yielded results comparable to those obtained with other models.
Development of a Sequential Injection Analysis System for the Determination of Saccharin
Authors: Wibowotomo Budi , Eun Jong-Bang , Rhee Jong Il
Published: December 2017

Saccharin is a powerfully sweet nonnutritive sweetener that has been approved for food-processing applications within the range of 100–1200 mg/kg. A simple, rapid, and cost-effective sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique was developed to determine the saccharin level. This method is based on the reaction of saccharin with p-chloranil in an ethanol medium with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acceleration, and the resultant violet-red compound was detected using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at λmax = 420 nm. To ascertain the optimal conditions for the SIA system, several parameters were investigated, including buffer flow rate and volume, p-chloranil concentration, and reactant volumes (saccharin, p-chloranil, and H2O2). The optimum setup of the SIA system was achieved with a buffer flow rate, buffer volume, and draw-up time of 1.2 mL/min, 2900 µL, and ~145 s, respectively. The optimal p-chloranil concentration is 30 mM, and the best reactant volumes, presented in an ordered sequence, are as follows: 30 µL of H2O2, 450 µL of saccharin, and 150 µL of p-chloranil. The optimized SIA configuration produced a good linear calibration curve with a correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9812) in the concentration range of 20–140 mg/L and with a detection limit of 19.69 mg/L. Analytical applications in different food categories also showed acceptable recovery values in the range of 93.1–111.5%. This simple and rapid SIA system offers great feasibility for the saccharin quality control in food-product processing.
Centrifugation of Digestate: The Effect of Chitosan on Separation Efficiency
Authors: Popovic Olga , Gioelli Fabrizio , Dinuccio Elio , Rollè Luca , Balsari Paolo
Published: December 2017

Mechanical separation of co-digestate removes dry matter (DM) and phosphorous (P) from digestate effectively but is less capable at removing nitrogen (N) and potash (K). Adding flocculants can enhance separator efficiency. However, information on the use of chitosan as flocculant for co-digestate and its effects on amended slurry application to soil is scarce. This study undertook a series of trial and error tests to identify the optimal chitosan dose to be applied to co-digestate. Four chitosan doses were evaluated: 120 (Dose 1), 240 (Dose 2), 360 (Dose 3), and 480 (Dose 4) mL L−1 of co-digestate. After optimal dose application, centrifugation was employed to separate the co-digestate (centrifugation tests). We used simple separation indices to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan addition prior to centrifuge usage. Dose optimization tests results indicated that incremental doses of chitosan had no effect (p > 0.05) on total N and it decreased (p < 0.05) total P removal to solids. Dose 3 showed a superior effect based on the physical characteristics evaluated and on the DM content of the fractions produced. Centrifugation tests results showed chitosan increased (p < 0.05) centrifugation efficiency for K, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) (75, 36, and 51%, respectively) and had no effect on total N or P. The major findings show that the use of natural and relatively cheap polymer chitosan improves the efficacy of co-digestate centrifugation with respect to K, Cu, and Zn, lowering their load to arable land once a solid fraction is applied.
The Role Played by Trust and Its Effect on the Competiveness of Logistics Service Providers in Hungary
Authors: Oláh Judit , Bai Attila , Karmazin György , Balogh Péter , Popp József
Published: December 2017

This research focuses on the role of trust and the impact of its level on the revenue, earnings before tax and the degree of flexibility of logistics service providers (LSPs). More specifically, the role of the executive manager is examined in relation to the impact of business relationships (trust levels) within and between organizations. In addition, the analysis covers the development of revenue, earnings before tax and degree of flexibility of logistics service providers in the context of the role of the head manager. The data were collected from 51 logistics service providers in Hungary. The results show that the level of trust established in the organization (with the employees, co-workers etc.) has a positive impact on the earnings before tax. Furthermore, this paper confirms that the trust executive managers establish around them is an important performance factor which even consumers perceive and that it has major significance in terms of degree of flexibility. This research further increases our understanding of the role and importance of trust as a strategic success factor for LSPs.
Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis within a Batch Micro-Reactor for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
Authors: Carlini Maurizio , Castellucci Sonia , Mennuni Andrea
Published: December 2017

Biofuels represent an alternative solution to petroleum-based fuels. In particular, biodiesel is very interesting, especially if it is produced from waste vegetable oil. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines. The aim of this work is to implement a 2D numerical analysis in Comsol Multiphysics in order to verify an uniform temperature field within a non-isothermal batch mixed micro-reactor. An immersion heater system has been studied as a suitable solution to increase the temperature of WVO (Waste Vegetable Oil) before the start of the transesterification reaction. Thus, the efficiency of the immersion heating system has been investigated. The results show that the temperature field is not uniform within the fluid domain, because of the convective flux with the external environment. These conditions could lead to a low overall conversion rate.
The Effects of Residential Area Building Layout on Outdoor Wind Environment at the Pedestrian Level in Severe Cold Regions of China
Authors: Jin Hong , Liu Zheming , Jin Yumeng , Kang Jian , Liu Jing
Published: December 2017

In recent years, there has been a frequent occurrence of extremely cold conditions which has had a serious impact on the life of residents of buildings in various locations around the world. However, there have only been a very limited number of studies on the effects of residential area building layout on the winter wind environments, which led to a lack of quantitative guidance for residential area planning in severely cold regions. This study aims to reveal the relationship between (1) the residential areas’ building density, floor area ratio, wind projection angle, average building height, and relative position of high-rise buildings, and; (2) the mean wind velocity ratio at pedestrian level in severe cold regions. In this study, the pedestrian-level outdoor wind environments in 24 typical residential areas of Harbin, China, are simulated using ENVI-met software. The results show that the relative position of high-rise buildings in multi-high-level mixed residential areas has little influence on the mean wind velocity ratio, and the maximum difference is 0.04. The factors of building layout have little influence on the mean wind velocity ratio of multistory residential areas. However, a significant linear correlation exists between the mean wind velocity ratio of high-rise residential areas and both the building density and wind projection angle. The prediction model of the mean pedestrian-level wind velocity ratio was then established.
The Impact of Infrastructure Stock Density on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from China Provinces
Authors: Han Ji , Meng Xing , Zhang Yanqi , Liu Jiabin
Published: December 2017

Infrastructure not only plays an import role in socioeconomic development, but also results in a remarkable increase of CO2 emissions. Based on a panel data analysis of 29 provinces in China from 1995 to 2013, we investigated the relationship between socioeconomic development and CO2 emissions with special focus on the impact of infrastructure stock density in both the country and regional scales. The results confirmed that a 1% increase of material stocks in infrastructure per built-up area would lead to a 0.11% decrease in CO2 emissions at the country level. The effect of infrastructure stock density on CO2 emissions varied across regions, for which elasticity was −0.34, 0.06, and 0.14 for the eastern, central, and western region, respectively. In order to achieve a low-carbon and sustainable development, it is crucial to improve the spatial compactness of infrastructure in the future. Policy implications include upgrading the economic structure to a low-carbon one for the eastern region, accelerating the development of renewable energy infrastructure, and constructing and utilizing infrastructure in an energy-efficient way for the central and western regions.
Sustainable Seafood Consumption in Action: Relevant Behaviors and their Predictors
Authors: Richter Isabel , Thøgersen John , Klöckner Christian
Published: December 2017

Within the discussion around sustainable diets, seafood consumption is still a relatively neglected field. This article discusses relevant behaviours consumers can perform to consume seafood sustainably. The predictive power of intention, descriptive social norms, trust, awareness and pro-environmental attitudes are theoretically discussed and statistically tested across two studies in regards to (a) using sustainable seafood labels, and (b) using sustainable seafood guides. Data analysis (N1 = 309, N2 = 881 Norwegian adults) shows that intentions, social norms and trust predict seafood label use across studies. The variables predicting seafood guide use are less stable which might be due to this behaviour being performed by a very small fraction of consumers only. Causal relationships have been identified in study 2 by applying cross-lagged panel analyses between intentions, trust and social norms and seafood label use. Further causal relationships were found between intentions, trust and awareness and seafood guide use. A bidirectional relationship was confirmed between descriptive social norms and seafood guide use. Potential strategies to promote seafood label- and seafood guide use, are discussed based on these results.
Design Optimization of Long-Span Cold-Formed Steel Portal Frames Accounting for Effect of Knee Brace Joint Configuration
Authors: Phan Thanh , Lim James , Selowara Joo Meheron , Lau Hieng-Ho
Published: December 2017

The application of cold-formed steel channel sections for portal frames becomes more popular for industrial and residential purposes. Experimental tests showed that such structures with long-span up to 20 m can be achieved when knee brace joints are included. In this paper, the influence of knee brace configuration on the optimum design of long-span cold-formed steel portal frames is investigated. The cold-formed steel portal frames are designed using Eurocode 3 under ultimate limit states. A novel method in handling design constraints integrated with genetic algorithm is proposed for searching the optimum design of cold-formed steel portal frames. The result showed that the proposed routine for design optimization effectively searched the near global optimum solution with the computational time is approximate 50% faster than methods being popularly used in literature. The optimum configuration for knee brace joint can reduce the section size of rafter and so the lighter frame could be obtained especially for long-span portal frame. The minimum weight of main frame obtained from optimization process is approximate 19.72% lighter than a Benchmark Frame used in the full-scale experimental test.
Dense Molecular Clumps in the Envelope of the Yellow Hypergiant IRC+10420
Authors: Dinh-V-Trung  , Wong Ka tat , Lim Jeremy
Published: December 2017

The circumstellar envelope of the hypergiant star IRC+10420 has been traced as far out in

as in 12CO J = 1–0 and 12CO J = 2–1, in dramatic contrast with the centrally condensed (thermal) SiO- but extended CO-emitting envelopes of giant and supergiant stars. We present an observation of the circumstellar envelope in

that, when combined with the previous observation in

, provides more stringent constraints on the density of the SiO-emitting gas than hitherto possible. The emission in

peaks at a radius of ∼2″ whereas that in

peaks at a smaller radius of ∼1″, giving rise to its ring-like appearance. The ratio of brightness temperature between

and

decreases from a value well above unity at the innermost measurable radius to about unity at a radius of ∼2″, beyond which this ratio remains approximately constant. Dividing the envelope into three zones as in models for the 12CO J = 1–0 and 12CO J = 2Dinh–1 emissions, we show that the density of the SiO-emitting gas is comparable with that of the CO-emitting gas in the inner zone but is at least an order of magnitude higher by comparison in both the middle and the outer zones. The SiO-emitting gas therefore originates from dense clumps, likely associated with the dust clumps seen in scattered optical light, surrounded by more diffuse CO-emitting interclump gas. We suggest that SiO molecules are released from dust grains due to shock interactions between the dense SiO-emitting clumps and the diffuse CO-emitting interclump gas.
State-resolved Photodissociation and Radiative Association Data for the Molecular Hydrogen Ion
Authors: Zammit Mark C. , Savage Jeremy S. , Colgan James , Fursa Dmitry V. , Kilcrease David P. , Bray Igor , Fontes Christopher J. , Hakel Peter , Timmermans Eddy
Published: December 2017

We present state-resolved (electronic, vibrational, and rotational) cross sections and rate coefficients for the photodissociation (PD) of

and radiative association (RA) of H–H+. We developed a fully quantum mechanical approach within the nonrelativistic Born–Oppenheimer approximation to describe

and calculate the data for transitions between the ground electronic state 1

and the 2

,

,

,

, 4

,

,

, and

electronic states (i.e., up to

n = 4). Tables of the dipole-matrix elements and energies needed to calculate state-resolved cross sections and rate coefficients will be made publicly available. These data could be important in astrophysical models when dealing with photon wavelengths (or radiation temperature distributions that are weighted toward such wavelengths) around 100 nm. For example, at these wavelengths and a material temperature of 8400 K, the LTE-averaged PD cross section via the (second electronically excited)

state is over three times larger than the PD cross section via the (first electronically excited)

state.
Outflow-driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes. II. Primary-induced Accretion Transients
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Mészáros Peter
Published: December 2017

We discuss the electromagnetic radiation from newborn binary black holes (BBHs). As a consequence of the evolution of massive stellar binaries, a binary consisting of a primary black hole (BH) and a secondary Wolf–Rayet star is expected as a BBH progenitor system. We investigate optical transients from the birth of BBHs powered by the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion onto the primary BH, which occur ∼1–10 Gyr earlier than gravitational-wave signals at the BH–BH merger. When the secondary massive star collapses into a BH, it may eject a fraction of its outer material and may form a disk around the primary BH and induces a powerful disk wind. These primary-induced winds can lead to optical transients with a kinetic energy of ∼1047–3 × 1048 erg, an ejecta velocity of 108–109 cm s−1, a duration of a few days, and an absolute magnitude ranging from about −11 to −14. The light curves and late-time spectra of these transients are distinctive from those of ordinary supernovae, and detection of this type of transient is possible by future optical transient surveys if the event rate of this transient is comparable to the merger rate of BBHs. This paper focuses on the emissions from disk-driven transients induced by the primary BH, different from Paper I, which focuses on wind-driven transients from the tidally locked secondary massive star.
Probing the Structure of Kepler ZZ Ceti Stars with Full Evolutionary Models-based Asteroseismology
Authors: Romero Alejandra D. , Córsico A. H. , Castanheira B. G. , Gerónimo F. C. De , Kepler S. O. , Koester D. , Kawka A. , Althaus L. G. , Hermes J. J. , Bonato C. , Gianninas A.
Published: December 2017

We present an asteroseismological analysis of four ZZ Ceti stars observed with the Kepler spacecraft: GD 1212, SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, KIC 11911480, and KIC 4552982, based on a grid of full evolutionary models of DA white dwarf (WD) stars. We employ a grid of carbon–oxygen core models, characterized by a detailed and consistent chemical inner profile for the core and the envelope. In addition to the observed periods, we take into account other information from the observational data, such as amplitudes, rotational splittings, and period spacing, as well as photometry and spectroscopy. For each star, we present an asteroseismological model that closely reproduces their observed properties. The asteroseismological stellar mass and effective temperature of the target stars are (

, 10737 ± 73 K) for GD 1212, (

, 11110 ± 69 K) for KIC 4552982, (

, 12,721 ± 228 K) for KIC11911480, and (

, 12,060 ± 300 K) for SDSS J113655.17+040952.6. In general, the asteroseismological values are in good agreement with the spectroscopy. For KIC 11911480 and SDSS J113655.17+040952.6 we derive a similar seismological mass, but the hydrogen envelope is an order of magnitude thinner for SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, which is part of a binary system and went through a common envelope phase.
Formação de professores em foco: uma análise curricular de um curso de licenciatura em química
Authors: Oliveira Thaís Andressa Lopes de , Alves Fernanda Iassenck de Matos , Almeida Mônica Patrícia de , Domingues Fernanda Alves , Oliveira André Luis
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar e discutir a proposta de formação inicial de professores de Química por meio da análise do PPC de um curso de licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública federal. Para a constituição dos dados, foram analisadas a grade curricular do curso e as disciplinas que compõem o seu núcleo didático, tendo como aporte teórico autores que discorrem sobre formação de professores e a importância da análise dos currículos de cursos de licenciatura. Por meio das análises, observou-se que apesar de possuir disciplinas pedagógicas desde o 1º período, o curso ainda tem sua estrutura voltada para a área específica. Constatamos, a necessidade de que os cursos de licenciatura, de um modo geral, tenham como sua base principal a formação de professores, de forma que os licenciandos possam participar ativamente do seu processo formativo.
Discursos de professores de ciências sobre suas práticas educativas: as aulas de química nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Semensate Amanda Pini , Cedran Débora Piai
Published: December 2017

O ensino de Ciências Naturais nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental passou a ser obrigatório pela Lei n° 5.692/71, e mais especificamente, no nono ano se estuda a Química e a Física, como é orientado pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCNs. Assim, as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelos professores são de grande importância para que o ensino de ciências não seja uma dificuldade para os alunos alcançando os objetivos de ajudar a compreender o mundo e atuar como indivíduo e como cidadão, utilizando conhecimentos de natureza científica e tecnológica. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa, teve como finalidade, investigar as práticas de professores de ciências nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental.
Abordagem CTS e o conceito química verde: possíveis contribuições para o ensino de química
Authors: Moreira Amanda Magagnin , Aires Joanez Aires Aparecida , Lorenzetti Leonir
Published: December 2017

O tema Meio Ambiente, cada vez mais é pauta de discussões, uma vez que a maioria dos problemas ambientais estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as contribuições trazidas pelos principais referenciais teóricos quanto a abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e o conceito Química Verde (QV), para o ensino de química, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Discute-se que a abordagem CTS, quando inserida no ensino de Química, pode proporcionar maior significado aos conteúdos, desenvolvendo a criticidade perante o desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico no contexto social. A QV, além de trazer nos seus princípios potenciais contribuições para minimizar os problemas ambientais, também oportuniza aos estudantes a criticidade, os tornando capazes de se posicionarem frente aos problemas relativos ao meio ambiente. A perspectiva ampliada neste estudo, busca a compreensão da relação que a abordagem CTS e o conceito QV podem ter quando abordado o tema Meio Ambiente.
Material didático como estratégia de ensino e de aprendizagem das ligações químicas
Authors: Zapateiro Gean Aparecido , Figueiredo Márcia Camilo , Beltrame Ariane Carolina Ferreira , Stevanato Alessandra
Published: December 2017

O objetivo desse trabalho foi construir e aplicar um jogo didático denominado Jogo das Ligações Químicas para investigar concepções sobre a sua utilização no ensino e constatar se o jogo contribui para a aprendizagem de novos saberes da disciplina de Química. Participaram da pesquisa qualitativa dezenove acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Química da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, participantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário inicial, aplicação do jogo e um questionário final. A organização e análise dos resultados foram realizados de acordo com análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os participantes revelaram que, o jogo, além de ter uma função educativa, também pode contribuir para a formação cidadã do aluno, porque aborda conceitos de ligações químicas relacionados às características e funções dos elementos presentes em substâncias químicas tanto no organismo como na utilização e aplicação no dia-a-dia. O jogo das Ligações Químicas poderá auxiliar o professor durante os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem do referido conteúdo.
Análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos riscos de uma refinaria de petróleo
Authors: De Souza Krisllen Samara Feitosa , Rodrigues Augusto José da Silva , Rocha Mônica Ferreira de Brito , Sales Rylla Ohana da Silva , Farias Daniel Oliveira de
Published: December 2017

O crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico dos processos industriais impactou diretamente a ocorrência de eventos indesejáveis como acidentes de trabalho e ambientais, que por sua vez são partes vitais no que compete ao gerenciamento de informações voltadas para a área de finanças e investimento em seguros. Nesse cenário, buscou-se uma maior dedicação por parte dos governantes, empresários, da sociedade e comunidade técnica-científica no entendimento de como eliminar de vez estes riscos quando possível ou amenizá-los em casos mais complexos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho possuiu o objetivo de identificar e quantificar os possíveis efeitos físicos dos danos, em função de vazamentos acidentais, decorrentes da operação de um processo de Refino de Petróleo. Para obtenção de resultados com uma mínima margem de erro e um controle minucioso, buscou-se a utilização do software Aloha, que permite a visualização dos riscos inerente a atividades específicas a ambientes químicos de trabalho. Desta forma, fez-se necessário uma pesquisa bibliográfica aliada a conhecimentos adquiridos em sala de aula para alcançar tal realização. O trabalho permitiu identificar as estimativas e os níveis das zonas de ameaças dos perigos existentes, sendo possível quantificar os possíveis efeitos físicos dos danos na refinaria em estudo.
Longhouses, biografía de la casa y complejidad social en el noroeste peninsular en la alta edad media
Authors: Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar un grupo de construcciones domésticas de cronología altomedieval de notables dimensiones que ha sido identificado en el último decenio en algunos sectores del noroeste de la península ibérica y que han sido definidas como longhouses. Este es un término que ha sido utilizado de forma implícita por parte de varias tradiciones arqueológicas para designar estructuras alargadas que cuentan con dimensiones, funcionalidades y significados sociales muy heterogéneos entre sí. Algunas tradiciones europeas han definido este tipo de estructuras en términos funcionales (casa-establo), formales (plantas alargadas) o tipológicos, mientras que en el centro de Italia se han identificado con residencias de las élites intermedias. Tomando como caso de estudio la llanada de Álava, en este artículo se realiza una caracterización social de los contextos en los que se han hallado este tipo de construcciones y, a continuación, se analiza desde la perspectiva de la biografía cultural de la casa la articulación de las comunidades políticas locales y supralocales de este territorio.
Curar y custodiar. La cronicidad en el Manicomio La Castañeda, Ciudad de México, 1910-1968
Authors: Sacristán Cristina
Published: December 2017

El artículo cuestiona el binomio que asocia la cronicidad y la incurabilidad de las enfermedades mentales con el custodialismo del manicomio mediante un estudio de caso, el Manicomio La Castañeda de México, 1910-1968. Se contrastan los discursos sobre la cura y la cronicidad que elaboraron los psiquiatras mexicanos y las tendencias estadísticas de los pacientes ingresados: nuevas admisiones, reingresos, altas, duración de la estancia y diagnósticos a la luz de los nuevos tratamientos. Concluye que para los médicos, la función terapéutica del manicomio se vio muy golpeada por la cronicidad y la sobrepoblación, pero según las estadísticas, el 80% de los pacientes sólo tuvo un ingreso con una internación de 15 meses y las largas estancias de los que reingresaron no impactaron estadísticamente; las dos terceras partes de los enfermos salieron del manicomio, y desde los años cincuenta en el contexto de las nuevas terapéuticas.
“Estou no Hospício, Deus”: problematizações sobre a loucura, o hospício e a psiquiatria no diário de Maura Lopes Cançado (Brasil, 1959-60)
Authors: Wadi Yonissa
Published: December 2017

[pt] A escritora Maura Lopes Cançado circulou no mundo dos hospitais psiquiátricos entre as décadas de 1950, 1960 e 1970. Em uma de suas internações (1959-1960), a terceira no Centro Psiquiátrico Nacional, complexo hospitalar da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, escreveu um diário que foi posteriormente publicado como o livro Hospício é Deus-Diário I. A aliança entre o vivido e a ficção, na qual transitou a narradora em seu diário, criou uma obra ímpar na perspectiva dos comentadores acadêmicos e críticos literários. No campo da história da loucura e da psiquiatria, sua obra oferece possibilidades novas de compreensão da configuração da assistência psiquiátrica, das práticas científicas e terapêuticas e dos diversos sujeitos que circularam no mundo dos hospitais psiquiátricos brasileiros, na década de 1950, operando um deslocamento em relação aos lugares tradicionais de enunciação que conhecemos. Neste artigo, escolhi observar as problematizações de Maura sobre o cotidiano institucional e o próprio ato da escrita de um diário, que oscilam entre ensinar os outros e cuidar de si. Realizei portanto, uma análise enunciativa da narrativa, que valoriza as coisas ditas por ela como uma das verdades sobre o hospital psiquiátrico, a ciência médica e suas práticas, os loucos e a loucura.
El horno protohistórico de reducción directa de La Pastora (Aliseda, Cáceres)
Authors: Pavón Soldevila Ignacio , Duque Espino David M. , Renzi Martina , Rovira Lloréns Salvador , Rodríguez Díaz Alonso
Published: December 2017

El presente estudio da a conocer los restos de un horno protohistórico empleado para la reducción de mineral de hierro recientemente documentado en la mina La Pastora (Aliseda, Cáceres). Este yacimiento es especialmente importante también por haber proporcionado los primeros fragmentos de escorias de sangrado conocidos en Iberia. A partir de la información recuperada en su contexto, se plantean propuestas sobre su tipología y el proceso minero-metalúrgico llevado a cabo, incidiendo en la caracterización del mineral, el combustible, el producto final, las escorias y la escala de la producción. Finalmente, se trata de contextualizar el caso de La Pastora en el marco de los estudios sobre hornos de reducción directa
de la Península Ibérica.
Les enseignants débutants : vécu et transformations
Authors: Ambroise Corinne , Toczek Marie-Christine , Brunot Sophie
Published: December 2017

Les premières années d'enseignement souvent dénommées moment de l'insertion professionnelle ont été beaucoup étudiées notamment depuis les années 2000. Ayant une forte influence sur le devenir de l'enseignant, ces premières années font partie d'un processus à long terme qui débute avant l'entrée dans la carrière. L’ambition de cet article est de proposer un panorama des principaux des écrits scientifiques sur l’entrée dans le métier afin de le caractériser et de rendre compte des transformations attachées à cette période de la carrière. Plus précisément, cet article est construit à partir des travaux publiés au niveau national et international sur ces débuts de carrière dans l’enseignement. Comment les chercheurs décrivent-ils les premiers pas des enseignants débutants ? Ont-ils identifiés des phases caractéristiques lors de ces premières années d’expérience ? Existe-t-il des difficultés et un vécu spécifiques à cette période ? Des changements typiques sont-ils repérés lors de ces premières années d’enseignement ? Autant de questions qui serviront de cadre, en filigrane, à cet article.
Deux questions à propos de l’implication mutuelle de l’esprit critique et de la laïcité dans l’appréhension républicaine de l’éducation morale et civique
Authors: Monjo Roger
Published: December 2017

Les deux concepts de laïcité et d'esprit critique sont traditionnellement associés dans l’appréhension républicaine des missions de l'école : la culture de l'esprit critique n'est possible que dans le cadre d'une institution scolaire soumise au principe de laïcité et, réciproquement, le développement de cet esprit critique permet de renforcer et de conforter la légitimité de ce principe. Dans cet article, nous envisageons d'interroger les présupposés de cette implication mutuelle : en quel sens une démarche critique n'est-elle concevable que dans un contexte laïque ? Pourquoi la laïcité apparaît-elle comme l'effet nécessaire du développement de l'esprit critique ? Parmi ces présupposés, un sort particulier sera réservé aux oppositions classiques entre croyance et savoir, foi et rationalité, religion et science.
Les usages de la laïcité : une comparaison École-Hôpital
Authors: Zoïa Geneviève , Visier Laurent
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose de comparer genèse et usages de la laïcité dans deux institutions de socialisation majeures, l’école et l’hôpital. Nous montrons que la laïcité, pourtant historiquement pensée dans les deux institutions comme produisant simultanément intégration et émancipation, société et sujet, collectif et individuel, est mobilisée aujourd’hui de façon très différente par les acteurs respectifs, professionnels et usagers, de ces institutions. Après avoir d’une part montré la pertinence d’une comparaison, nous nous pencherons ensuite sur les usages et les manifestations de la laïcité à l’école, puis à l’hôpital. Enfin nous concluons en proposant des pistes explicatives de ces différences.
Sens et usages contemporains de la laïcité
Authors: Fabre Michel
Published: December 2017

En France, a laïcité, invoquée de la gauche à la droite du paysage politique se décline au pluriel. En témoignent les adjectifs qu’on lui accole : « ouverte », « positive », « intransigeante », « intelligente… ». Il s’agit ici de repérer les usages d’une notion polysémique et de comprendre les ressorts des querelles qui opposent les « laïques » entre eux. La montée de l’Islam et surtout de l’islamisme ne fait d’ailleurs qu’exacerber ces tensions en réactivant des problématiques que la loi de 1905 avait réglées sur le plan juridique, mais qui subsistent sur le plan idéologique : celles du théologico-politique, de la souveraineté, de l’identité et de la spiritualité. Les tensions entre liberté, laïcisation de la société et égalité des cultes, se révèlent alors particulièrement fortes.
Quelles compétences acquièrent les bénévoles dans les associations et pour quels usages ?
Authors: Khasanzyanova Albina
Published: December 2017

La question des apprentissages effectués dans le cadre d’activités associatives est selon Schugurensky (2013) un sujet peu étudié. Dans ce contexte, cet article a pour ambition de contribuer aux recherches sur le bénévolat dans sa dimension éducative. À partir de deux enquêtes, une par questionnaires et une par entretiens semi-directifs, nous cherchons à comprendre comment le milieu associatif peut être un lieu de développement de compétences et quels sont les usages potentiels de ces compétences dans d’autres contextes de la vie. Les résultats montrent que les bénévoles développent des compétences diversifiées, nourries « par action ». Les compétences se mêlent, se conjuguent et se transforment en une expérience « nouvelle » avec des usages différents. Ainsi, l'activité bénévole apporte des éléments de développement tant personnel que professionnel pour ceux qui la pratiquent.