bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KIF2C exerts an oncogenic role in nonsmall cell lung cancer and is negatively regulated by miR‐325‐3p
Authors: Gan Huizhu , Lin Lin , Hu Nanjun , Yang Yang , Gao Yu , Pei Yu , Chen Kang , Sun Butong
Published: July 2019

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C), a modulator in microtubule depolymerization, bipolar spindle formation, and chromosome segregation, has been reported to take roles in cancer biology, but its role in NSCLC remains unclear. This study was intended to investigate the expression and function of KIF2C in NSCLC. Our results demonstrated that KIF2C was up‐regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The high expression of KIF2C in NSCLC tissues was significantly correlated with higher T stage (0.0078), worse differentiation status (0.0049), and lymph node metastasis (P < .0001). We also proved that the high expression level of KIF2C predicted worse prognosis of the patients. After knockdown of KIF2C, the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells were inhibited. Luciferase reporter assay suggested that KIF2C was a target gene of miR‐325‐3p, which was reported to be a tumour suppressor in NSCLC. In conclusion, this study proved an oncogenic role of KIF2C in NSCLC and partly clarified the mechanism of its high expression. Our findings provided a useful insight into the mechanism of NSCLC progression and offered clues to novel therapy strategies.
Comprehensive evaluation of gait, spasticity, and muscle morphology: A case report of a child with spastic paresis treated with Botulinum NeuroToxin‐A, serial casting, and physiotherapy
Authors: Weide Guido , Sloot Lizeth , Oudenhoven Laura , Jaspers Richard T. , Harlaar Jaap , Buizer Annemieke I. , Bar‐On Lynn
Published: July 2019

Comprehensive instrumented muscle and joint assessments should be considered when prescribing Botulinum NeuroToxin‐A (BoNT‐A) treatment in spastic paresis. In a child with spastic paresis, comprehensive evaluation following treatment with BoNT‐A, serial casting, and physiotherapy showed that short‐term improvements in gait occurred without changes in muscle morphology. Rather, foot flexibility increased.
A laparoscopic resection of lung cancer metastatic to transverse colon: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Koyama Ryota , Minagawa Nozomi , Maeda Yoshiaki , Shinohara Toshiki , Hamada Tomonori
Published: July 2019

Metastatic colon cancer from primary lung cancer is usually a part of systemic dissemination, suggesting limited prognosis. However, surgical intervention for symptomatic patients such as hemorrhage is sometimes required. Surgeons must carefully determine the surgical indication in view of prognosis and quality of life.
Acute aortic dissection mimicking a gastric ulcer: Medico‐legal implications
Authors: Mesrati Med Amin , Boussaid Marwa , Abdejlil Nouha Ben , Zakhama Abdelfeteh , Aissaoui Abir
Published: July 2019

The diagnosis of aortic dissection is often difficult because the symptoms are usually non‐specific. AD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all cases of idiopathic retrosternal pain. Misdiagnosis of AD is a common cause of legal suits in medical practice. Prevention requires a complete and thorough evaluation.
Esophageal perforation with orogastric tube malposition in low‐birth‐weight infant
Authors: Maeda Takashi , Tachibana Takashi , Harada Toru
Published: July 2019

Esophageal perforation is an uncommon, but serious complication which can be caused with gastric tube placement. Physicians should suspect the malposition of the gastric tube when there is a straight course of the lower segment of the tube.
Trilinear self‐modeling curve resolution using Borgen‐Rajkó plot
Authors: Omidikia Nematollah , Abdollahi Hamid , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Rajkó Róbert
Published: July 2019

Modern analytical instruments provide measurement data arrays with full of hidden and redundant information. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) techniques decompose data set to physic‐chemically meaningful abstract profiles. On the other hand, for such data matrices, Borgen‐Rajkó self‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR) techniques reveal all possible solutions analytically under the minimal assumption. Although Lawton‐Sylvestre (LS) and Borgen methods have been proposed for the non‐negative curve resolution of two‐component and three‐component systems, there is still a great deal of interest to include further restrictions on the Borgen‐Rajkó SMCR. As modern hyphenated analytical instruments produce multiway (eg, three‐way) arrays, multiway analysis (eg, trilinear decomposition) was received much more popularity by chemists.

This contribution is decicated to the extension of the Borgen algorithm to the trilinear data sets. The Borgen method incorporating trilinearity constraint is approached in an analogy to the trilinear Lawton‐Sylvester method. The proposed analytical triadic decomposition is applied to the simulated three‐way arrays with full rank and rank overlap (a type of rank deficiency) loadings. Finally, the proposed algorithm is further exemplified with a three‐component spectrofluorimetric study of acid‐base equilibrium of the pyridoxine. Investigating feasible regions of the simulated and experimental three‐component arrays reveal interesting additional information.
Early‐onset colorectal cancer: What reported statistics can and cannot tell us and their implications
Authors: Doubeni Chyke A.
Published: July 2019

In this issue of Cancer, Virostko et al report on the distribution of adult colorectal cancer cases in the National Cancer Data Base from 2004 to 2015 according to age eligibility for screening. This editorial discusses the findings and the features of the database and uses population‐based data to contextualize emerging trends in incidence and mortality and the need for research to improve outcomes for all people at risk for colorectal cancer, regardless of screening eligibility.
Modeling the mitral valve
Authors: Kaiser Alexander D. , McQueen David M. , Peskin Charles S.
Published: July 2019

This work is concerned with modeling and simulation of the mitral valve, one of the four valves in the human heart. The valve is composed of leaflets, the free edges of which are supported by a system of chordae, which themselves are anchored to the papillary muscles inside the left ventricle. First, we examine valve anatomy and present the results of original dissections. These display the gross anatomy and information on fiber structure of the mitral valve. Next, we build a model valve following a design‐based methodology, meaning that we derive the model geometry and the forces that are needed to support a given load and construct the model accordingly. We incorporate information from the dissections to specify the fiber topology of this model. We assume the valve achieves mechanical equilibrium while supporting a static pressure load. The solution to the resulting differential equations determines the pressurized configuration of the valve model. To complete the model, we then specify a constitutive law based on a stress‐strain relation consistent with experimental data that achieves the necessary forces computed in previous steps. Finally, using the immersed boundary method, we simulate the model valve in fluid in a computer test chamber. The model opens easily and closes without leak when driven by physiological pressures over multiple beats. Further, its closure is robust to driving pressures that lack atrial systole or are much lower or higher than normal.
Effective data placement for scientific workflows in mobile edge computing using genetic particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chen Zheyi , Hu Jia , Min Geyong , Chen Xing
Published: July 2019

Mobile edge computing (MEC) necessitates cost‐effective deployment for executing scientific workflows with different tasks and datasets, which provides computing, storage and network control at the network edge. However, the execution of scientific workflows in MEC results in heavy costs of data placement including data transmission and data storage. Although there are solutions for data placement in traditional cloud computing, they cannot effectively respond to the latency‐sensitive property of scientific workflows, which leads to the excessive costs of data placement. To cope with this problem, we combine the advantages of MEC and cloud computing and propose a genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) based method to explore the optimal strategy of data placement for scientific workflows in MEC. First, a unified model of data placement is designed to explore a cost‐effective strategy, which considers the different characteristics between MEC and cloud computing as well as the impact of latency constraint on transmission costs. Next, the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are integrated to optimize the proposed model, which utilities the fast convergence of PSO and the crossover and mutation operations of GA. Simulations using real‐world scientific workflows show the effectiveness of the proposed method for reducing data placement costs in MEC.
Bubble Solution Description by Non‐Extensive Thermodynamics: Pressure Effect
Authors: Letellier Pierre , Turmine Mireille
Published: July 2019

We showed in this study that nanobubble solutions should not be considered as the simple juxtaposition of autonomous phases (a solution and bubbles) but as particular entities, that is, “supersaturated solutions” where gas is simultaneously in two forms in permanent exchange. Gibbs′ extensive thermodynamics cannot claim to describe legitimately their behavior. In this work, we showed how the use of the non‐extensive thermodynamics allows describing the physicochemical properties of such media, some of which are counter‐intuitive. Thus, an increase in pressure can result in an increase in the bubble size, contrary to what is provided by Boyle‐Mariotte's law. The theoretical relationships proposed in this work constitute another approach to bubble solutions, which considers the non‐autonomous nature of the components of supersaturated gas solutions and their “non‐extensive” nature.
Neonatal thrush of newborns: Oral candidiasis?
Authors: Vainionpää Anne , Tuomi Jenni , Kantola Saara , Anttonen Vuokko
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Neonatal thrush, also called oral candidiasis, is commonly a clinical diagnosis based on white patches on oral mucosal surfaces. Candida albicans is often associated with it. This clinical study aimed to investigate the presence of C. albicans among newborns with or without clinical findings of candidiasis on oral mucosa. Another aim was to investigate how thrush responded to current therapy by acidic liquids such as lingonberry or lemon juice.

Material and methods

Swipe samples were collected from 32 healthy, full‐term infants younger than 12 months with or without white patches on oral mucosa. Clinical diagnosis of thrush was made by a community nurse based on thick and yellowish white patches. The routine therapy was oral lingonberry or lemon juice or soda water. Disappearing of patches was controlled by a phone call about 2 weeks after the baseline. Both parents and nurses gave background factors by filling a questionnaire.

Results

One (3%) infant without clinical signs was diagnosed with Candida parapsilosis, none with C. albicans. Thrush resembling candidiasis was diagnosed clinically in four (12.5%) children. Three out of four parents reported persisting findings after 2 weeks. Only the maternal mastitis and use of antibiotics were significantly associated with thrush (p = .001). C. albicans was not discovered from babies with clinical thrush.

Conclusions

Aetiology of the white patches remained unclear. The current way of treating them with acidic liquids is not efficient. Additional studies are needed.
Exploring the relationships between corporate social responsibility, leadership, and sustainable entrepreneurship theories: A conceptual framework
Authors: Silvestri Antonella , Veltri Stefania
Published: July 2019

The main aim of the paper is to provide evidence that merging the corporate social responsibility (CSR), the leadership, and the social entrepreneurship literatures informs and benefit all these literatures. With this aim, a literature review on the studies investigating how leaders affect organizational CSR, why organizations engage in CSR, and how the environment affects the leader and the organizational CSR approach has been carried out. The outcome is a microfocused, multilevel, and multitheoretical conceptual framework, able to underline the links between the role of the leader, the organizational CSR approach, and the sustainable development of the territory. The conceptual framework has been applied to the GOEL case study, a strategic alliance operating in an unfavorable context. The findings provide evidence of the pivotal role of the leader in defining the organizational CSR approach and that the societal and cultural contexts affect the way in which leader faces the sustainability challenges.
Physical Expansion of Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Thermal Conversion into Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Amer Wael A. , Wang Jie , Ding Bing , Li Tao , Allah Abeer Enaiet , Zakaria Mohamed B. , Henzie Joel , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets show good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance in electrochemical devices. However, strong van der Waals attraction between adjacent nanosheets causes GO materials to collapse, reducing the exposed surfaces and limiting electron/ion transport in porous electrodes. GO nanosheets mixed with Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2⋅2 H2O (ZnON) nanoplates create a layered composite structure. Exposing the resultant GO/ZnON to 2‐methylimidazole vapor leads to the conversion of ZnON into the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8. The transformation of ZnON into ZIF‐8 leads to a huge physical expansion of the interlayer space between the GO sheets. Annealing the material at high temperature caused the ZIF‐8 to be converted into highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon, but the GO nanosheets maintained a large separation and high surface area. The morphology and porous structure of the post‐annealing carbon material was sensitive to the initial ratio of ZnON to GO. The optimized sample exhibited several favorable features, including a large surface area, high degree of graphitization, and a high amount of nitrogen doping. Using chemical vapor deposition of metal–organic frameworks to physically expand nanomaterials is a novel method to increase the surface area and porosity of materials. It enabled the synthesis of nanoporous carbon electrodes with high capacitance, good rate capability, and long cyclic stability in supercapacitor devices.
Ruthenium and Iron‐Catalysed Decarboxylative N‐alkylation of Cyclic α‐Amino Acids with Alcohols: Sustainable Routes to Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Derivatives
Authors: Afanasenko Anastasiia , Hannah Rachael , Yan Tao , Elangovan Saravanakumar , Barta Katalin
Published: July 2019

A modular and waste‐free strategy for constructing N‐substituted cyclic amines via decarboxylative N‐alkylation of α‐amino acids employing ruthenium‐ and iron‐based catalysts is presented. The reported method allows the synthesis of a wide range of five‐ and six‐membered N‐alkylated heterocycles in moderate‐to‐excellent yields starting from predominantly proline and a broad range of benzyl alcohols, and primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols. Examples using pipecolic acid for the construction of piperidine derivatives, as well as the one‐pot synthesis of α‐amino nitriles, are also shown.
A High‐Rate and Long‐Life Aqueous Rechargeable Ammonium Zinc Hybrid Battery
Authors: Li Chunyang , Zhang Dexin , Ma Fuxiang , Ma Tianyi , Wang Jing , Chen Yuhui , Zhu Yusong , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping , Huang Wei
Published: July 2019

Unlike traditional metal‐ion insertion, the emerging aqueous rechargeable ammonium‐ion batteries (ARABs) brings new battery chemistries for future stationary energy storage. However, low energy density and low durability hinder the further development of ARABs because of the lack of suitable and cost‐efficient anodes. In this study, an aqueous rechargeable ammonium zinc hybrid battery is fabricated from durable corner‐truncated sodium iron hexacyanoferrate nanocubes as the cathode and low‐cost zinc as the anode. This novel hybrid battery demonstrates an average working voltage of 1.3 V, excellent rate capability, and a high energy density of 81.7 Wh kg−1 at 286 W kg−1 (based on two electrodes’ active mass), as well as a long lifespan with 92.1 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles, outperforming the reported ARABs and many aqueous hybrid batteries. The strategy to assemble the ammonium zinc hybrid battery provides guidance for improving the feasibility of ARABs for practical application.
Designing a Safe Electrolyte Enabling Long‐Life Li/S Batteries
Authors: Agostini Marco , Sadd Matthew , Xiong Shizhao , Cavallo Carmen , Heo Jungwon , Ahn Jou Hyeon , Matic Aleksandar
Published: July 2019

Lithium–sulfur (Li/S) batteries suffer from “shuttle” reactions in which soluble polysulfide species continuously migrate to and from the Li metal anode. As a consequence, the loss of active material and reactions at the surface of Li limit the practical applications of Li/S batteries. LiNO3 has been proposed as an electrolyte additive to reduce the shuttle reactions by aiding the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the Li metal, limiting polysulfide shuttling. However, LiNO3 is continuously consumed during cycling, especially at low current rates. Therefore, the Li/S battery cycle life is limited by the LiNO3 concentration in the electrolyte. In this work, an ionic liquid (IL) [N‐methyl‐(n‐butyl)pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] was used as an additive to enable longer cycle life of Li/S batteries. By tuning the IL concentration, an enhanced stability of the SEI and lower flammability of the solutions were demonstrated, that is, higher safety of the battery. The Li/S cell built with a high sulfur mass loading (4 mg cm−2) and containing the IL‐based electrolyte demonstrated a stable capacity of 600 mAh g−1 for more than double the number of cycles of a cell containing LiNO3 additive.
The (3+1)‐dimensional dust‐acoustic waves in multi‐components magneto‐plasmas
Authors: Haque M. N. , Mannan A. , Mamun A. A.
Published: July 2019

A three‐dimensional four components magneto‐plasma system consists of super‐thermal κ‐distributed electrons and positrons, Maxwellian ions, and inertial massive negatively charged dust grains is considered to examine the modulational instability (MI) of the dust‐acoustic waves (DAWs), which propagates in such a magneto‐plasma system. The reductive perturbation method, which is valid for small but finite amplitude DAWs, is employed to derive the (3 + 1)‐dimensional non‐linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The NLSE leads to the MI of DAWs as well as the formation of dust‐acoustic rogue waves (DARWs) which are formed due to the effects of non‐linearity in the propagation of the DAWs. It is found that the basic features (viz. amplitude and width) of the DAWs and DARWs (which is formed in the unstable region) are significantly modified by the various plasma parameters such as κ‐distributed electrons and positrons, temperatures, and number densities of plasma species, and so on. The application of the results in both space and laboratory magneto‐plasma systems is briefly discussed.
Modeling variability in the fire response of an endangered bird to improve fire‐management
Authors: Verdon Simon James , Watson Simon J. , Clarke Michael F.
Published: July 2019

Conservation managers regularly burn vegetation to regenerate habitat for fire‐dependent species. When determining the time since fire at which to burn, managers model change in a species’ occurrence over time, post‐fire (fire‐response curve) and identify the time since fire associated with decline in occurrence. However, where species exhibit variability in their fire response across space, using a single fire‐response curve to determine the timing of burns may lead to burning habitat at an inappropriate time since fire. We tested if elevation, local topography, soil properties, vegetation type or evapotranspiration affect the fire response of the endangered Mallee Emu‐wren Stipiturus mallee and its hummock‐grass habitat Triodia scariosa in southeastern Australia (n = 217). Previous work on the Mallee Emu‐wren found a unimodal fire response with decline in occurrence at ~30–50 yr since fire and a time window of occurrence of ~30 yr. We found that time since fire and elevation interact to affect the Mallee Emu‐wren fire response. At high elevations (55–98 m), Mallee Emu‐wrens declined in occurrence at ~50 yr since fire, with a time window of occurrence of 20–40 yr. However, at low elevations (28–55 m), Mallee Emu‐wrens showed no decline in occurrence with increasing time since fire with a time window of occurrence of up to 107 yr. Extent cover of Tall T. scariosa showed similar patterns to the Mallee Emu‐wren, indicating that vegetation structure is a likely driver of variability in the Mallee Emu‐wren fire response. We speculate that the effect of low elevation is mediated by increased soil nutrient and water availability for key plants. We used our findings to map the appropriate time since fire at which to burn to regenerate habitat for the Mallee Emu‐wren across the study region. We recommend no burning for regeneration across one‐third of potential habitat, because the Mallee Emu‐wren showed no decline in occurrence in these areas. We recommend managers model variability in species’ fire responses across space to improve the timing of burns for regeneration.
Sea surface temperature dictates movement and habitat connectivity of Atlantic cod in a coastal fjord system
Authors: Staveley Thomas A. B. , Jacoby David M. P. , Perry Diana , van der Meijs Felix , Lagenfelt Ingvar , Cremle Mikael , Gullström Martin
Published: July 2019

While movements of organisms have been studied across a myriad of environments, information is often lacking regarding spatio‐seasonal patterning in complex temperate coastal systems. Highly mobile fish form an integral part of marine food webs providing linkages within and among habitats, between patches of habitats, and at different life stages. We investigated how movement, activity, and connectivity patterns of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are influenced by dynamic environmental conditions. Movement patterns of 39 juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod were assessed in two coastal sites in the Swedish Skagerrak for 5 months. We used passive acoustic telemetry and network analysis to assess seasonal and spatial movement patterns of cod and their relationships to different environmental factors, using statistical correlations, analysis of recurrent spatial motifs, and generalized linear mixed models. Temperature, in combination with physical barriers, precludes significant connectivity (complex motifs) within the system. Sea surface temperature had a strong influence on connectivity (node strength, degree, and motif frequency), where changes from warmer summer waters to colder winter waters significantly reduced movement activity of fish. As the seasons changed, movement of fish gradually decreased from large‐scale (km) linkages in the summer to more localized movement patterns in the winter (limited to 100s m). Certain localized areas, however, were identified as important for connectivity throughout the whole study period, likely due to these multiple‐habitat areas fulfilling functions required for foraging and shelter. This study provides new knowledge regarding inshore movement dynamics of juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod that use complex, coastal fjord systems. The findings show that connectivity, seasonal patterns in particular, should be carefully considered when selecting conservation areas to promote marine stewardship.
Social information drives ecological outcomes among competing species
Authors: Gil M. A. , Baskett M. L. , Schreiber S. J.
Published: July 2019

Through its behavior, an organism intentionally or unintentionally produces information. Use of this “social information” by surrounding conspecifics or heterospecifics is a ubiquitous phenomenon that can drive strong correlations in fitness‐associated behaviors, such as predator avoidance, enhancing survival within and among competing species. By eliciting indirect positive interactions between competing individuals or species, social information might alter overall competitive outcomes. To test this potential, we present new theory that quantifies the effect of social information, modeled as predator avoidance signals/cues, on the outcomes from intraspecific and interspecific competition. Our analytical and numerical results reveal that social information can rescue populations from extinction and can shift the long‐term outcome of competitive interactions from mutual exclusion to coexistence, or vice versa, depending on the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific social information and competition. Our findings highlight the importance of social information in determining ecological outcomes.
Diastereoselective Opening of Bridged Anhydrides by Amidoximes Providing Access to 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole/Norborna(e)ne Hybrids
Authors: Baykov Sergey , Tarasenko Marina , Zelenkov Lev E. , Kasatkina Svetlana , Savko Polina , Shetnev Anton
Published: July 2019

A unique example of the one‐pot trans‐diastereoselective reaction of meso‐tricyclic anhydrides is reported. The process involves anhydride ring opening by an amidoxime and the sequential cis‐ to trans‐ epimerization/cyclodehydration of the O‐acylamidoxime intermediate. The resulted 1,2,4‐oxadiazole/norborna(e)ne hybrids are obtained in moderate to good yields and > 95 % diastereomeric excess without any additional purifications. These compounds are interesting not only for drug discovery but for other chemistry‐related fields due to the presence of two easily modifiable moieties.
Asmic Isocyanide‐Nitrile Isomerization‐Alkylations
Authors: Alwedi Embarek , Lujan‐Montelongo J. Armando , Cortés‐Mejía Rodrigo , del Campo Jorge M. , Altundas Bilal , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: July 2019

Anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide, Asmic, is a versatile building block whose alkylations provide a range of substituted isocyanides. The anisylsulfanyl group plays a critical role in the sequenced deprotonation‐alkylation and the subsequent sulfanyl‐lithium exchange. Complexation of the anisylsulfanyl group to BuLi in the presence of TMEDA affords a lithiated isocyanide whose alkylations generate trisubstituted isocyanides. In the absence of TMEDA, BuLi triggers cyanide expulsion to afford a transient carbene; reorientation of cyanide with attack at the carbene affords a lithiated nitrile whose alkylations afford quaternary nitriles. The complexation‐induced isocyanide‐nitrile rearrangement is exceptionally facile, occurring within 5 min at –78 °C. Detailed mechanistic and computational analyses identify the importance of chelation in the bifurcating mechanism: internal chelation favors cyanide extrusion to form a carbene whereas chelating agents favor arylsulfanyl‐lithium exchange to generate a lithiated isocyanide. The combined experimental and computational analyses reveal a new mechanism for isocyanide‐nitrile isomerization which provides valuable insight for rapidly assembling substituted isocyanides.
The thin blue line: A review of shoreline dynamics across time scales and environments
Authors: Voller Vaughan R. , Swenson John B. , Paola Chris
Published: July 2019

A major thread of theoretical research on the response of shorelines to changing boundary conditions has adapted the moving‐boundary approach from heat transfer and solidification/melting. On sufficiently short time scales, shorelines respond to changes in relative sea level in a simple, geometrically predictable way. On longer time scales, their behaviour becomes far more complex and interesting, because the surface over which the shoreline moves is itself continually modified by morphodynamics that depend sensitively on shoreline location. This makes the shoreline the archetype of moving‐boundary problems in morphodynamics, and subject to potentially counterintuitive behaviours over time scales on which the sediment surface modifies itself as relative sea level changes. We review existing moving‐boundary theories and propose two significant extensions to allow inclusion of first‐order effects of waves and tides. First, we show how wave effects can be included via planform diffusion linked to river‐mouth location, which results in shoreline smoothing during delta‐lobe growth and localized transgression after channel abandonment. Tides produce a low‐gradient region in which the sea and land overlap; we show how this can be treated in a moving‐boundary framework by replacing the shoreline with a ‘mushy region' so that the handoff from land to water occurs over a zone rather than a line. We also propose that the moving‐boundary approach can be readily generalized to other dynamic moving boundaries, such as those separating different regimes of river transport. The shoreline thus serves as a prototype for modelling dynamic facies boundaries along the whole source–sink system. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A2AR‐induced transcriptional deregulation in astrocytes: An in vitro study
Authors: Paiva Isabel , Carvalho Kévin , Santos Patrícia , Cellai Lucrezia , Pavlou Maria Angeliki S. , Jain Gaurav , Gnad Thorsten , Pfeifer Alexander , Vieau Didier , Fischer André , Buée Luc , Outeiro Tiago F. , Blum David
Published: July 2019

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are modulators of various physiological processes essential for brain homeostasis and fine synaptic tuning. In certain neurodegenerative conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD), A2ARs are pathologically upregulated in neurons but also in astrocytes. In that context, the use of A2ARs inhibitors, normalizing impaired receptor function, is seen as a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the impact of A2AR alterations, particularly in astrocytes, is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of A2AR overexpression on transcriptional deregulation in primary astrocytic cultures. By performing whole transcriptome analysis, we found that A2AR overexpression promotes robust transcriptional changes, mostly affecting immune response, angiogenesis, and cell activation‐related genes. Importantly, we observed that treatment with SCH58261, a selective A2AR antagonist, restored the expression levels of several inflammatory and astrocytic activation‐related genes, such as Interleukin‐1beta and vimentin. This supports the notion that A2AR blockade could restore some astrocytic dysfunctions associated with abnormal A2AR expression, further arguing for a potential beneficial impact of receptor antagonists in A2AR‐induced transcriptional deregulation, inflammation, and astrogliosis. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the putative impact of A2AR overexpression on transcriptional deregulation in astrocytes, thereby opening novel avenues for the use of A2AR antagonists as potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
GemC1 is a critical switch for neural stem cell generation in the postnatal brain
Authors: Lalioti Maria‐Eleni , Kaplani Konstantina , Lokka Georgia , Georgomanolis Theodore , Kyrousi Christina , Dong Weilai , Dunbar Ashley , Parlapani Evangelia , Damianidou Eleni , Spassky Nathalie , Kahle Kristopher T. , Papantonis Argyris , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros
Published: July 2019

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of two main niches where neurogenesis persists during adulthood, as it retains neural stem cells (NSCs) with self‐renewal capacity and multi‐lineage potency. Another critical cellular component of the niche is the population of postmitotic multiciliated ependymal cells. Both cell types are derived from radial glial cells that become specified to each lineage during embryogenesis. We show here that GemC1, encoding Geminin coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 1, is associated with congenital hydrocephalus in humans and mice. Our results show that GemC1 deficiency drives cells toward a NSC phenotype, at the expense of multiciliated ependymal cell generation. The increased number of NSCs is accompanied by increased levels of proliferation and neurogenesis in the postnatal SVZ. Finally, GemC1‐knockout cells display altered chromatin organization at multiple loci, further supporting a NSC identity. Together, these findings suggest that GemC1 regulates the balance between NSC generation and ependymal cell differentiation, with implications for the pathogenesis of human congenital hydrocephalus.
Amyloid β deposition in subcortical stroke patients and effects of educational achievement: A pilot study
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Kajimoto Katsufumi , Ihara Masafumi , Taguchi Akihiko , Yamamoto Akihide , Fukuda Tetsyuta , Kazui Hiroaki , Iida Hidehiro , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki
Published: July 2019

Objective

A direct causal relationship of cerebrovascular risk factors/stroke to amyloid β (Aβ) deposition has yet to be shown. We conducted [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)–positron emission tomography (PET) analysis on subacute ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that subacute ischemic stroke patients would show focal Aβ accumulation in cortical regions, which would increase and extend over time during the chronic phase after stroke onset.

Methods

Patients were recruited 14 to 28 days after acute subcortical ischemic stroke and examined with [11C]PiB‐PET scans. Regional time‐activity data were analyzed with the Logan graphical method. Whole brain voxel‐based analysis was conducted to compare stroke patients with healthy controls. We also performed longitudinal comparison of patients with successive [11C]PiB‐PET scans 1 year after stroke.

Results

Voxel‐based analysis revealed a significant increase of [11C]PiB‐BPND of the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) in stroke patients at the subacute stage. Based on stepwise multiple regression analysis of [11C]PiB‐BP changes during follow‐up as the dependent variable, years of education was the best independent correlate. There was a significant negative relationship between changes in [11C]PiB‐BP and years of education.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that processes before and after the onset of ischemic stroke may trigger Aβ deposition in the PCu/PCC, whereby amyloid deposition begins at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our findings support the existence of a cooperative association between vascular risk factors/stroke and AD progression. Further, educational achievement had a protective effect against the increase in Aβ accumulation.
Comparative analysis of nanofluid‐based Organic Rankine Cycle through thermoeconomic optimization
Authors: Prajapati Parth P. , Patel Vivek K.
Published: July 2019

The present work focused on the comparative analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operated with nanoparticles. The effect of CuO and Al2O
3 nanoparticles synthesized with water and circulated within heat exchangers are examined. Thermal efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC) of the nanofluid based ORC are evaluated simultaneously in the present work. The optimization problem of ORC is formed and solved using heat transfer search algorithm. Operating parameters of the nanofluid based ORC such as pinch point temperature difference of heat exchangers, evaporation pressure, the mass flow rate of refrigerant, and concentration of nanoparticles are investigated in the optimization study. Further, the effect of turbine ratio, heat source temperature, and mass flow rate of heat source fluid on CuO and Al
2O
3 based ORC is explored and discussed. It was observed that a total variation of 35.2% was obtained at the cost of 3.5% variation in LEC between extreme design points. The maximum thermal efficiency of 19.3% and 19.32% can be obtained with CuO and Al
2O
3 with 2.616 and 2.62 $/kWh, respectively. Comparative results reveal that CuO based ORC shows dominance in terms of economic performance over Al
2O
3 based ORC for any given value of the thermal efficiency.
Significance of the nonlinear radiative flow of micropolar nanoparticles over porous surface with a gyrotactic microorganism, activation energy, and Nield's condition
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Khan Sami Ullah , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Imran Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Current continuation presents the numerical study regarding stretched flow micropolar nanofluid over moving the sheet in the existence of activation energy and microorganisms. Furthermore, nonlinear aspects of thermal radiation are also utilized in the energy equation which results in the energy equation becomes highly nonlinear. This investigation has been performed by using convective Nield boundary conditions. First, useful dimensionless variables are implemented to reduce the partial differential into ordinary ones. Later on, the approximate solution of the transformed physical problem is computed by using the shooting scheme. A detailed physical interpretation of obtained results is also presented for velocity, temperature, motile microorganisms density, and mass concentration profiles. A detailed graphical explanation for each engineering parameter has been discussed for some specified range like , and The theoretical computations based presented here can be more proficient to attain the maximum efficiency of various thermal extrusion systems and microbial fuel cells.
Effect of screening mammography on breast cancer mortality: Quasi‐experimental evidence from rollout of the Dutch population‐based program with 17‐year follow‐up of a cohort
Authors: Van Ourti Tom , O'Donnell Owen , Koç Hale , Fracheboud Jacques , de Koning Harry J.
Published: July 2019

There is uncertainty about the magnitude of the effect of screening mammography on breast cancer mortality. The relevance and validity of evidence from dated randomized controlled trials has been questioned, whereas observational studies often lack a valid comparison group. There is no estimate of the effect of one screening invitation only. We exploited the geographic rollout of the Dutch screening mammography program across municipalities to estimate the effects of one additional biennial screening invitation on breast cancer and all‐cause mortality. Population administrative data provided vital status and cause of death of a cohort of women aged 49–63 in 1995 over 17 years. Linear probability models were used to estimate the mortality effects. We estimated 154 fewer breast cancer deaths (95% confidence interval: 40–267; p = 0.01) over 17 years in a population of 100,000 women aged 49–63 who received one additional biennial screening invitation, which corresponds to an 9.6% risk reduction for a woman of age 56. The estimated effect on all‐cause mortality was negative but not close to statistical significance. Our study shows that one single invitation for breast cancer screening is effective in reducing breast cancer mortality, which is important for health policy. The effect is smaller than previous estimates of the effect of invitation for multiple screens, which further emphasizes the importance of achieving regular participation.
Leishmania species‐dependent functional duality of toll‐like receptor 2
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Sharifi Iraj , Nair Arathi , Shukla Divanshu , Chauhan Prashant , Khorramdelazad Hossain , Sarkar Arup , Saha Bhaskar
Published: July 2019

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a subset of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in innate immunity and act as a connecting link between innate and adaptive immune systems. During Leishmania infection, the activation of TLRs influences the pathogen‐specific immune responses, which may play a decisive role in determining the outcome of infection, toward elimination or survival of the pathogen. Antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) of the innate immune system such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells express TLR2, which plays a crucial role in the parasite recognition and elicitation of immune responses in Leishmania infection. Depending on the infecting Leishmania species, the TLR2 pathways may result in a host‐protective or a disease‐exacerbating response. While Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani infections trigger TLR2‐related host‐protective and non‐protective immune responses, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania infantum infections are reported to elicit TLR2‐mediated host‐protective responses and Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis infections are reported to evoke a disease‐exacerbating response. These findings illustrate that TLR2‐related effector functions are diverse and may be exerted in a species‐ or strain‐dependent manner. TLR2 agonists or antagonists may have therapeutic potentials to trigger the desired immune response during leishmaniasis. In this review, we discuss the TLR2‐related immune responses during leishmaniasis and highlight the novel insights into the possible role of TLR2‐driven resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania.
Experimental and theoretical electronic absorption spectra of 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine and its derivatives: Solvatochromic effect and time dependent density functional theory approach
Authors: Moustafa Hussein , Elshakre Mohamed E. , Hassaneen Huwaida M. E. , Elramly Salwa
Published: July 2019

Electronic spectra of 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine and some of its derivatives in 1,2‐dichloromethane and ethanol are investigated experimentally and theoretically using the time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level of the theory. The origin of the spectrum of the parent compound is found to be an additive one. The observed ultra violet (UV) spectra in both solvents show two bands S1 in the range between 312–334 nm and S2 in the range between 248–272 nm. The solvent effect is investigated experimentally and theoretically and a blue shift is observed, which is explained in terms of a hydrogen bond model between the solvent and the most negative site of the solute (N atom). This theoretical model is robust in reproducing the experimental blue shift and calculating the hydrogen bond energy and hydrogen bond length. The extent of delocalization and charge transfer processes of the studied compounds is estimated and discussed in terms of natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and second order perturbation interactions (E2) between donors and acceptors. The effect of substituents of the studied compounds in both solvents shows a noticeable red shift attributed to hyperconjugation effects of the π electron systems of the different moieties.
Microalgae biotechnology as an attempt for bioregenerative life support systems: problems and prospects
Authors: Yang Limin , Li Huankai , Liu Tonggui , Zhong Yuqing , Ji Chengcheng , Lu Qian , Fan Liangliang , Li Jun , Leng Lijian , Li Kun , Zhou Wenguang
Published: July 2019

Bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) plays a key role in the long‐duration manned space mission. Microalgae‐based BLSS was proposed decades ago but it had a variety of technical problems hindering its application in space mission. However, in recent years, a lot of effort has been devoted to this field and great progresses have been achieved in the research of microalgae‐based BLSS. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to summarize the previous progress and find the challenges faced by microalgae‐based BLSS technology. In this regard, this works introduces the concept of microalgae‐based BLSS and presents its development paths in the past decades. Additionally, technology updates in the aspects of microalgae‐based oxygen generation, value‐added biomass production as food alternative, and wastes treatment by microalgae are summarized. Challenges faced by microalgae‐based BLSS and potential solutions are discussed. This work provides a deep understanding of microalgae‐based BLSS and that it would be beneficial for promoting implementation of this novel technology in manned space missions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural analysis of the yolk processing pattern in embryonic pond slider turtles (Trachemys scripta: Emydidae)
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Lestz Luisa L. , Barnes Madeline S. , Appiah Farahana A. , Bonneau Laurie J.
Published: July 2019

Evolution of the large‐yolked, amniotic egg required mechanisms by which extracellular yolk could be made available for embryonic development. In birds, the endodermal lining of the yolk sac absorbs and digests the yolk. In contrast, recent studies on lizards and snakes (squamates) have revealed that yolk is processed by means of a proliferating mass of “spaghetti‐like” strands formed by endodermal cells attached to anastomosing blood vessels. To clarify the method of yolk processing in chelonians, we applied electron microscopy to an extensive series of embryos of the pond slider turtle, Trachemys scripta. Our findings demonstrate that proliferating endodermal cells phagocytose yolk spheres. These cells remain attached to one another following mitosis, thereby forming clumps that progressively occupy the yolk sac cavity. Upon invasion of blood vessels, the cells become organized into elongated, vascularized “spaghetti‐like” strands of cells like those found in squamates. Residual yolk found in the body cavity of new hatchlings chiefly consists of these vascularized strands. Such strands of cells also develop in the false map turtle, Graptemys pseudographica (Emydidae). We infer that the developmental pattern by which yolk is processed is ancestral for both Chelonia and Reptilia, and therefore must have been modified or abandoned in birds or their archosaur ancestors.
On minimal triangle‐free 6‐chromatic graphs
Authors: Goedgebeur Jan
Published: July 2019

A graph with chromatic number is called ‐chromatic. Using computational methods, we show that the smallest triangle‐free 6‐chromatic graphs have at least 32 and at most 40 vertices. We also determine the complete set of all triangle‐free 5‐chromatic graphs up to 24 vertices. This implies that Reed's conjecture holds for triangle‐free graphs up to at least this order. We also establish that a smallest regular triangle‐free 5‐chromatic graph has 24 vertices. Finally, we show that the smallest 5‐chromatic graphs of girth at least 5 have at least 29 vertices and that the smallest 4‐chromatic graphs of girth at least 6 have at least 25 vertices.
Quantitative proteomic analyses in blood: A window to human health and disease
Authors: Whittaker Kelly , Burgess Rob , Jones Valerie , Yang Yanqing , Zhou Weifan , Luo Shuhong , Wilson Jarad , Huang Ruo-Pan
Published: July 2019

This review discusses how the measurement of proteins in blood and its components via quantitative proteomics analyses can inform health status. Various external and internal factors such as environmental conditions, genetic background, nutrition, diet, and lifestyle, chronic pathological conditions, disease state, or therapeutic intervention will be investigated and their effects on the protein profile will be shown. The resulting changes to ones’ health and how this protein expression information can be used in early screening/diagnostic applications, drug discovery, precision treatment, patient management, and monitoring overall health status will also be presented.