bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shade of a Criminal Record
Authors: Foy Steven L. , Ray Victor , Hummel Ashley
Published: July 2017

Recent high-profile research suggests that social indicators like incarceration influence racial categorization. Yet, this research has largely ignored colorism—intraracial differences in skin tone that matter for stratification outcomes. In two experiments, we address how skin tone interacts with criminal background to produce external racial classification and skin tone attributions. We find no evidence that criminal history affects external racial classification or skin tone attribution. However, we find that skin tone is a strong and consistent predictor of external racial classification and skin tone attribution.
The Social Determinants of Conspiratorial Ideation
Authors: DiGrazia Joseph
Published: July 2017

Scholars have recently become increasingly interested in understanding the prevalence and persistence of conspiratorial beliefs among the public as recent research has shown such beliefs to be both widespread and to have deleterious effects on the political process. This article seeks to develop a sociological understanding of the structural conditions that are associated with conspiratorial belief. Using aggregate Google search data to measure public interest in two popular political conspiracy theories, the findings indicate that social conditions associated with threat and insecurity, including unemployment, changes in partisan control of government, and demographic changes, are associated with increased conspiratorial ideation.
Is There a “Ferguson Effect?” Google Searches, Concern about Police Violence, and Crime in U.S. Cities, 2014–2016
Authors: Gross Neil , Mann Marcus
Published: July 2017

Between 2014 and 2016, the rate of homicide and other violent crime in the United States rose. One hypothesis discussed in the press and by some social scientists is that this increase was tied to political mobilization against police violence: As the Black Lives Matter movement gained support following protests in Ferguson, Missouri, perhaps police officers, worried about the new public mood, scaled back their law enforcement efforts, with crime as a consequence. In this article, we examine the association between public concern over police violence and crime rates using Google search measures to estimate the former. Analyzing data on 43 large U.S. cities, we find that violent crime was higher and rose more in cities where concern about police violence was greatest. We also find that measures of social inequality predict crime rates. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research on the “Ferguson effect” and beyond.
Ideology and Threat Assessment: Law Enforcement Evaluation of Muslim and Right-Wing Extremism
Authors: Kurzman Charles , Kamal Ahsan , Yazdiha Hajar
Published: July 2017

Does ideology affect assessment of the threat of violent extremism? A survey of law enforcement agencies in the United States in 2014 offers a comparison suggesting a small but statistically significant effect: Political attitudes were correlated with assessment of threats posed by Muslim extremists, and threat assessment was not correlated with the number of Muslim Americans who had engaged in violent extremism within the agency’s jurisdiction. By contrast, the perceived threat of right-wing terrorism was correlated with the number of incidents of right-wing violence and not with political attitudes. These findings reflect the context of growing polarization of attitudes toward Muslims in the United States as well as the challenge of bringing counterterrorism policies into proportion with the actual scale of violent extremism.
Making Volunteer-based Democracy “Work”: Gendered Coping Strategies in a Citizen Legislature
Authors: Matthews Morgan C. , Lively Kathryn J.
Published: July 2017

How do state legislators working in a volunteer political institution cope with work and family responsibilities? This article complicates the conventional notion of work-family conflict by illustrating how another dimension of work, performed voluntarily in the political sphere, is managed in concert with paid employment and domestic responsibilities. Based on interviews conducted with state representatives in 2014, we analyze the patterns of work-family conflict in a “citizen” legislature. We find that working under nearly voluntary conditions results in a variety of coping strategies that are uniquely structured by an absence of salaries and administrative resources. Gender constrains the range of coping strategies available to women legislators in practice and has implications for women’s representation in political organizations. Our findings make a sociological case for expanding how we think about work and family mechanisms that affect women’s representation in politics.
Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine in HIV-positive Spanish men who have sex with men (MSM)
Authors: Hidalgo-Tenorio Carmen , Ramírez-Taboada Jessica , Gil-Anguita Concepción , Esquivias Javier , Omar-Mohamed-Balgahata Mohamed , SamPedro Antonio , Lopez-Ruz Miguel , Pasquau Juan
Published: July 2017

Background

Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine were evaluated in HIV-positive Spanish MSM. The prevalence of High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) and genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) were also determined, as well as risk factors associated with the presence of HR-HPV in anal mucosa.

Methods

This is a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. The study enrolled from May 2012 to May 2014. Vaccine and placebo were administered at 0, 2 and 6 months (V1, V2, V3 clinical visits). Vaccine antibody titres were evaluated at 7 months. Cytology (Thin Prep®Pap Test), HPV PCR genotyping (Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test), and high-resolution anoscopy (Zeiss 150 fc© colposcope) were performed at V1.

Results

Patients (n = 162; mean age 37.9 years) were screened for inclusion; 14.2% had HSIL, 73.1% HR-HPV and 4.5% simultaneous infection with HPV16 and 18. Study participants (n = 129) were randomized to qHPV vaccine or placebo. The most common adverse event was injection-site pain predominating in the placebo group [the first dose (83.6% vs. 56.1%; p = 0.0001]; the second dose (87.8% vs. 98.4%; p = 0.0001); the third dose (67.7% vs. 91.9%; p = 0.0001). The vaccine did not influence either the viral load of HIV or the levels of CD4. Of those vaccinated, 76% had antibodies to HPV vs. 30.2% of those receiving placebo (p = 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, Older age was associated with lower HR-HPV infection (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.99), and risk factor were viral load of HIV >200 copies/µL (RR 1.42 95% CI 1.17–1.73) and early commencement of sexual activity (RR 1.35; 95% CI 1.001–1.811).

Conclusions

This trial showed significantly higher anti-HR-HPV antibody titres in vaccinated individuals than in unvaccinated controls. There were no serious adverse events attributable to the vaccine. In our cohort, 1 of every 7 patients had HSIL and the prevalence of combined infection by genotypes 16 and 18 was low. This suggests that patients could benefit from receiving qHPV vaccine. Older age was the main protective factor against HR-HPV infection, and non-suppressed HIV viremia was a risk factor.

Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN14732216 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14732216).
A small-molecule/cytokine combination enhances hematopoietic stem cell proliferation via inhibition of cell differentiation
Authors: Wang Lan , Guan Xin , Wang Huihui , Shen Bin , Zhang Yu , Ren Zhihua , Ma Yupo , Ding Xinxin , Jiang Yongping
Published: July 2017

Background

Accumulated evidence supports the potent stimulating effects of multiple small molecules on the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which are important for the therapy of various hematological disorders. Here, we report a novel, optimized formula, named the SC cocktail, which contains a combination of three such small molecules and four cytokines.

Methods

Small-molecule candidates were individually screened and then combined at their optimal concentration with the presence of cytokines to achieve maximum capacity for stimulating the human CD34+ cell expansion ex vivo. The extent of cell expansion and the immunophenotype of expanded cells were assessed through flow cytometry. The functional preservation of HSC stemness was confirmed by additional cell and molecular assays in vitro. Subsequently, the expanded cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice for the assessment of human cell viability and engraftment potential in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of several genes in the cell proliferation and differentiation pathways was analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) during the process of CD34+ cell expansion.

Results

The SC cocktail supported the retention of the immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells remarkably well, by yielding purities of 86.6 ± 11.2% for CD34+ cells and 76.2 ± 10.5% for CD34+CD38– cells, respectively, for a 7-day culture. On day 7, the enhancement of expansion of CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38– cells reached a maxima of 28.0 ± 5.5-fold and 27.9 ± 4.3-fold, respectively. The SC cocktail-expanded CD34+ cells preserved the characteristics of HSCs by effectively inhibiting their differentiation in vitro and retained the multilineage differentiation potential in primary and secondary in vivo murine xenotransplantation trials. Further gene expression analysis suggested that the small-molecule combination strengthened the ability of the cytokines to enhance the Notch pathway for the preservation of HSC stemness, and inhibited the ability of the cytokines to activate the Wnt pathway for HSC differentiation.

Conclusions

We developed an optimal small-molecule/cytokine combination for the enhancement of HSC expansion via inhibition of differentiation. This approach indicates promising application for preparation of both the HSCs and the mature, functional hematopoietic cells for clinical transplantation.
Opposing regulation and roles for PHD3 in lung dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages
Authors: Tavernier Simon J , Vanlangenakker Nele , Vetters Jessica , Carmeliet Peter , Janssens Sophie , Lambrecht Bart N
Published: July 2017

The prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs) are important metabolic sensors of the cell and its environment, which might be employed to alert cells of the immune system. These enzymes regulate the expression of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) isoforms and NF-κB, crucial transcription factors controlling cellular metabolism and inflammation. PHD/HIF signaling is activated in the allergic lung and is proposed as a potential druggable pathway. Here, we investigated the regulation and role of the PHD isoforms in CD11c-expressing dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕ), sensors of the environment and crucial antigen-presenting cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although PHD2 and PHD3 were expressed in baseline, stimulation with house dust mite (HDM) allergen, hypoxia, and TLR4 ligands induced the expression of PHD3 in DCs. Conditional deletion or overexpression of PHD3 in CD11chi cells had minor effects on DCs and alveolar Mϕ biology in steady state. However, when put into competition with wild-type counterparts in mixed chimeric mice, alveolar Mϕ uniquely required PHD3 for optimal reconstitution of the alveolar space. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we were unable to find a clear role for PHD3 or the other PHD isoforms in DCs in asthma development. These data show cell-specific competitive advantage of PHD3 expression in antigen-presenting cells, but question whether therapeutic manipulation of PHDs in DCs would offer therapeutic benefit in asthma.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Presenting as an Adrenal Mass With Increased 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography Uptake
Authors: Mallappa Ashwini , Millo Corina M , Quezado Martha , Merke Deborah P
Published: July 2017

This article describes congenital adrenal hyperplasia presenting as an adrenal mass with increased 18F-FDG positron emission tomography uptake.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Improves the Diagnosis of Perioperative MI
Authors: Brown Jamie C. , Samaha Eslam , Rao Srikar , Helwani Mohammad A. , Duma Andreas , Brown Frank , Gage Brian F. , Miller J. Philip , Jaffe Allan S. , Apple Fred S. , Scott Mitchell G. , Nagele Peter
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

The diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) after noncardiac surgery has traditionally relied on using relatively insensitive contemporary cardiac troponin (cTn) assays. We hypothesized that using a recently introduced novel high-sensitivity cTnT (hscTnT) assay would increase the detection rate of perioperative MI.

METHODS:

In this ancillary study of the Vitamins in Nitrous Oxide trial, readjudicated incidence rates of myocardial injury (new isolated cTn elevation) and MI were compared when diagnosed by contemporary cTnI versus hscTnT. We probed various relative (eg, >50%) or absolute (eg, +5 ng/L) hscTnT change metrics. Inclusion criteria for this ancillary study were the presence of a baseline and at least 1 postoperative hscTnT value.

RESULTS:

Among 605 patients, 70 patients (12%) had electrocardiogram changes consistent with myocardial ischemia; 82 patients (14%) had myocardial injury diagnosed by contemporary cTnI, 31 (5.1%) of which had an adjudicated MI. After readjudication, 67 patients (11%) were diagnosed with MI when using hscTnT, a 2-fold increase. Incidence rates of postoperative myocardial injury ranged from 12% (n = 73) to 65% (n = 393) depending on the hscTnT metric used. Incidence rates of MI using various hscTnT change metrics and the presence of ischemic electrocardiogram changes, but without event adjudication, ranged from 3.6% (n = 22) to 12% (n = 74), a >3-fold difference. New postoperative hscTnT elevation, either by absolute or relative hscTnT change metric, was associated with an up to 5-fold increase in 6-month mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of hscTnT compared to contemporary cTnI increases the detection rate of perioperative MI by a factor of 2. Using different absolute or relative hscTnT change metrics may lead to under- or overdiagnosis of perioperative MI.
Go Underground, Young Women
Authors: Abdo Diya
Published: July 2017

Readings of the Egyptian writer Miral al-Tahawy’s first novel, al-Khibaʾ (1996), typically view it as autobiographical, casting its first-person narrator Fatima as the author’s oppressed double. Equally dismissive, nonautobiographical readings cast her as passive “madwoman.” This article argues that an autobiographical reading attentive to Fatima’s style, language, and technique reveals her to be al-Tahawy’s dramatized interpretation of her writing self and its aspirational potential. The novel demands such a reading because of its overt modeling of autobiographical agential creation by Fatima, who creates her own authorial double, Zahwa. Neither submissive madwoman nor her creator’s wretched double, Fatima adopts strategies that offer us a guide to the necessary (if risky) creative methods of the woman “desert writer.” These methods rely on deep-diving into text and subtext (symbolized by Zahwa’s underground world), where imagination and code can resist oppression, escape censoring, interrogate the sacred, excavate sources of power, subvert the normative, and evade Western co-optation.
Recent advances in the prevention of preterm birth
Authors: Keelan Jeff A , Newnham John P
Published: July 2017

Preterm birth (PTB) remains a major obstetric healthcare problem and a significant contributor to perinatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. Over the past few decades, the perinatal outcomes of preterm neonates have improved markedly through research and advances in neonatal care, whereas rates of spontaneous PTB have essentially remained static. However, research into causal pathways and new diagnostic and treatment modalities is now bearing fruit and translational initiatives are beginning to impact upon PTB rates. Successful PTB prevention requires a multifaceted approach, combining public health and educational programs, lifestyle modification, access to/optimisation of obstetric healthcare, effective prediction and diagnostic modalities, and the application of effective, targeted interventions. Progress has been made in some of these areas, although there remain areas of controversy and uncertainty. Attention is now being directed to areas where greater gains can be achieved. In this mini-review, we will briefly and selectively review a range of PTB prevention strategies and initiatives where progress has been made and where exciting opportunities await exploitation, evaluation, and implementation.
YODEL: Peak calling software for HITS-CLIP data
Authors: Palmer Lance E. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Paralkar Vikram R.
Published: July 2017

YODEL is a peak calling software for analyzing RNA sequencing data generated by High-Throughput Sequencing of RNA isolated by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP; also known as CLIP-SEQ), a method to identify RNA-protein interactions genome-wide. We designed YODEL to analyze HITS-CLIP experiments, in which Argonaute proteins are immunoprecipitated, followed by sequencing of the associated RNA in order to identify bound microRNAs and their mRNA targets. The HITS-CLIP sequenced reads are mapped to the genome, and then read peaks are visualized where clustered sets of reads map to the same region. Several peak calling algorithms have been developed to define the boundaries of these peaks. In contrast to other peak callers for HITS-CLIP data, such as Piranha, YODEL does not map the starts of reads to fixed interval bins, but instead uses a heuristic approach to iteratively find the tallest point within a set clustered reads and examine bases upstream and downstream of that point until a peak has been determined. This allows the peak boundary to be defined more precisely than coordinates that are multiples of the bin size. Per-sample peak counts are also generated by YODEL, which quickly enables downstream differential representation analysis. YODEL is available athttps://github.com/LancePalmerStJude/YODEL/.
Blood Interferon Signatures Putatively Link Lack of Protection Conferred by the RTS,S Recombinant Malaria Vaccine to an Antigen-specific IgE Response
Authors: Rinchai Darawan , Presnell Scott , Vidal Marta , Dutta Sheetij , Chauhan Virander , Cavanagh David , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota , Chaussabel Damien
Published: July 2017

Malaria remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Progress has been made in recent years with the development of vaccines that could pave the way towards protection of hundreds of millions of exposed individuals. Here we used a modular repertoire approach to re-analyze a publically available microarray blood transcriptome dataset monitoring the response to malaria vaccination. We report the seminal identification of interferon signatures in the blood of subjects on days 1, 3 and 14 following administration of the third dose of the RTS,S recombinant malaria vaccine. These signatures at day 1 correlate with protection, and at days 3 and 14 to susceptibility to subsequent challenge of study subjects with live parasites. In addition we putatively link the decreased abundance of interferon-inducible transcripts observed at days 3 and 14 post-vaccination with the elicitation of an antigen-specific IgE response in a subset of vaccine recipients that failed to be protected by the RTS,S vaccine. Furthermore, profiling of antigen-specific levels of IgE in a Mozambican cohort of malaria-exposed children vaccinated with RTS,S identified an association between elevated baseline IgE levels and subsequent development of naturally acquired malaria infection during follow up. Taken together these findings warrant further investigation of the role of antigen-specific IgE in conferring susceptibility to malaria infection.
Distribution of Thoracic Aortic Calcifications in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Diken Adem , Yalçınkaya Adnan , Özyalçın Sertan
Published: July 2017

Background:
In procedures involving surgical maneuvers such as cannulation, clamping, or proximal anastomosis where aortic manipulation is inevitable, a preliminary assessment of atherosclerotic plaques bears clinical significance. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of aortic calcifications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery to propose a morphological classification system.

Methods:
A total of 443 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease were included in this study. Preoperative non-contrast enhanced computed tomography images, in-hospital follow-up data, and patient characteristics were retrospectively evaluated.

Results:
Whereas 33% of patients had no calcifications at any site in the aorta, 7.9%, 75.4%, and 16.7% had calcifications in the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta, respectively. Focal small calcifications were the most common type of lesions in the ascending aorta (3.9%), whereas 9 patients (1.4%) had porcelain ascending aorta. We defined four types of patients with increasing severity and extent of calcifications.

Conclusions:
Based on the frequency and distribution of calcifications in the thoracic aorta, we propose a classification system from least to most severe for coronary artery disease patients who are candidates for CABG.
‘I Am A Man’: Performing black masculinity in Shirley Clarke’s The Cool World
Authors: Nogués Rosa
Published: July 2017

The work of American film-maker Shirley Clarke has been largely ignored by feminist film history and criticism. Yet, the three feature films she completed between 1961 and 1967 are pioneering examples of the way feminist issues can be engaged with outside of the gender specific framework of feminist film theory. Her film The Cool World (1963) presents an examination of the construction and representation of black masculinity as determined by a racist normative patriarchal order. This article analyses the film’s exploration of the question of black masculinity in relationship to the Black Power Movement and the persistence of a phallocentric patriarchy that ultimately renders any attempt to subvert the racist determination of masculinity, a failure.
The singular voice(s) of Vera Frenkel Vera Frenkel, Sigrid Schade (ed.) (2013)
Authors: Elwes Catherine
Published: July 2017

Ostfildern, Germany: Hadje Cantz Verlag, 312 pp., ISBN: 978-3-7757-3247-5, hardback, £45
Analysis of Quality Indicators in ADS-B Messages
Authors: Tesi Simon , Pleninger Stanislav
Published: July 2017

There is lack of available statistical data in the field of quality indicators in ADS-B messages, particularly in Czech airspace. Quality indicators in the ADS-B message define if this message can be used by ATM applications. This article is devoted to the analysis of quality indicators in the ADS-B messages. The data collected in the Czech airspace during six months were analysed. These data were statistically evaluated. The main objective is the statistical evaluation of the data and comparing them with quality requirements in Europe. The article deals with results of the statistics and assessment of the level of quality. Results are satisfactory and similar to the results published by EUROCONTROL and FAA. According to the examined data, 86.42% of them meets the EASA requirements in RAD environment. As ADS-B is not mandatory yet, it is possible to state that these results are satisfying.
Safety of Cargo Aircraft Handling Procedure
Authors: Hlavatý Daniel , Kraus Jakub
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the ways how to improve the safety management system during cargo aircraft handling. The first chapter is dedicated to general information about air cargo transportation. This includes the history or types of cargo aircraft handling, but also the means of handling. The second part is focused on detailed description of cargo aircraft handling, including a description of activities that are performed before and after handling. The following part of this paper covers a theoretical interpretation of safety, safety indicators and legislative provisions related to the safety of cargo aircraft handling. The fourth part of this paper analyzes the fault trees of events which might occur during handling. The factors found by this analysis are compared with safety reports of FedEx. Based on the comparison, there is a proposal on how to improve the safety management in this transportation company.
Thymol and carvacrol strongly inhibit biofilm formation and growth of carbapenemase-producing Gram negative bacilli
Authors: Raei P. , Pourlak T. , Memar M. Y. , Alizadeh N. , Aghamali M. , Zeinalzadeh E. , Asgharzadeh M. , Kafil H. S.
Published: July 2017

Discovery of novel drugs with new mechanisms of action and without cross-reaction with current therapeutic agents is crucial in the management of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of carvacrol and thymol on biofilm formation and antimicrobial activity against different carbapenemase-producing Gram negative bacilli. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of thymol and carvacrol was investigated against strains harboring different genes related to carbapenemase resistance. Antimicrobial resistance was examined by an agar dilution method and antibiofilm effect was evaluated by microtiter plate assay and staining by crystal violet. Thymol and carvacrol had antibacterial effects ranging from 200-1600 Î¼g/mL and 62-250 Î¼g/mL respectively, and antibiofilm effect from 125-500 and 400-1600 Î¼g/mL respectively. Seoul imipenemase- (SIM) producing isolates had the highest sensitivity, and NDM (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) producing isolates had the lowest sensitivity to these components. Findings of the present study indicated a potential role of carvacrol and thymol in controlling carbapenemase-producing gram negative bacterial infections. These findings helped to develop herbal drugs for replacing antibiotics. In addition, their antibiofilm effects showed that carvacrol and thymol inhibit biofilm formation of carbapenemase-producing strains.
Co-incubation of PMN and CaCo-2 cells modulates inflammatory potential
Authors: Schaefer M. B. , Schaefer C. A. , Hecker M. , Morty R. E. , Witzenrath M. , Seeger W. , Mayer K.
Published: July 2017

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) are activated in inflammatory reactions. Intestinal epithelial cells are relevant for maintaining the intestinal barrier. We examined interactions of PMN and intestinal epithelial cell-like CaCo-2 cells to elucidate their regulation of inflammatory signalling and the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX), nitric oxide (NO) and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Human PMN and CaCo-2 cells, separately and in co-incubation, were stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 or with N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin (fMLP) that activates PMN only. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and respiratory Burst were measured. To evaluate the modulation of inflammatory crosstalk we applied inhibitors of COX (acetyl salicylic acid; ASA), NO-synthase (N-monomethyl-L-arginin; L-NMMA), and the PAF-receptor (WEB2086). Unstimulated, co-incubation of CaCo-2 cells and PMN led to significantly reduced Burst and elevated HNE as compared to PMN. After stimulation with A23187, co-incubation resulted in an inhibition of Burst and HNE. Using fMLP co-incubation failed to modulate Burst but increased HNE. Without stimulation, all three inhibitors abolished the effect of co-incubation on Burst but did not change HNE.  ASA partly prevented modulation of Burst L-NMMA and WEB2086 did not change Burst but abolished mitigation of HNE. Without stimulation, co-incubation reduced Burst and elevated HNE. Activation of PMN and CaCo-2 cells by fMLP as compared to A23187 resulted in a completely different pattern of Burst and HNE, possibly due to single vs. dual cell activation. Anti-inflammatory effect of co-incubation might in part be due to due to COX-signalling governing Burst whereas NO- and PAF-dependent signalling seemed to control HNE release.
Protective Effect of Edaravone Against AÎ²25-35-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Zhang G-L. , Zhang L. , Guo Y-Y. , Ma Z-L. , Wang H-Y. , Li T. , Liu J. , Du Y. , Yao L. , Li T-T. , Du J-M.
Published: July 2017

Amyloid-Î² (AÎ²)-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies show that AÎ² accumulation may lead to mitochondrial oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone on mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells treated with AÎ²25-35. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with 20, 40 or 80 Î¼M edaravone before treatment with 25 Î¼M AÎ²25-35. After 24h cell culture, cellular apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Î”Î¨m), ATP levels and mitochondrial morphology were evaluated. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to AÎ²25-35 had high levels of apoptosis and ROS; loss of Î”Î¨m, decreased ATP levels and presence of mitochondrial swelling. However, these effects were significantly inhibited by edaravone pre-treatment. These results indicate that edaravone prevents mitochondria oxidative damage caused by AÎ² in SH-SY5Y cells, which suggests that it may have potential clinical application in AD therapy.
Issue ownership as a determinant of political parties’ media coverage
Authors: Van Camp Kirsten
Published: July 2017

For many citizens, news media are the most important source of information about relevant political
topics and actors. As a consequence, it is crucial to investigate who gains media coverage and why.
Leaning on two classic news sourcing criteria, suitability and availability, we claim that issue owners can
be seen as good news sources. By combining a content analysis of television news with data collected
through a journalist survey, we investigate whether issue ownership is a determinant of political parties’
news coverage. Results confirm that issue ownership is a predictor of parties’ news coverage, even
when controlling for ministerial competences.
Is there a link between self-perceived stress and physical activity levels in Scottish adolescents?
Authors: Cowley Joe , Kiely John , Collins Dave
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Accumulating life stress is a driving factor underlying the most pervasive, incapacitating health conditions in 21st century, First World societies. The most widely supported strategy, for remediating the negative health consequences of elevated life stress, is physical activity (PA). Evidence also suggests accumulating life stress impedes PA uptake. Thus, ironically, persistently elevated life stress not only negatively impacts multiple dimensions of health, simultaneously it may also reduce likelihood of participation in the most effective remediating strategy, PA. This study sought to compare patterns of PA uptake in adolescents of low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, a significant risk factor for elevated biopsychosocial stress, with more affluent age-matched peers. Related health behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption were also analysed.

Methods

PA patterns were determined using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for High School (PAQA). Stress scores were assessed using the 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS-10).

Results

PA scores were significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Low SES participants were significantly less active every day (p < 0.05), excepting Saturdays (U = 31.0, Z = −1.594, p = < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated an inverse relationship between total stress and PA during spare time (rs = −0.61, n = 10, p = < 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings add to mounting evidence suggesting excessively accumulating life stress, not only diminishes health, but simultaneously reduces PA uptake in vulnerable populations. Thereby highlighting the bidirectional relationship between stress and PA. These findings support proposals that conventional Physical Education practice should be re-framed to not only provide PA during school years, but to promote lifelong interest in PA.
On the structure of virtually nilpotent compact p-adic analytic groups
Authors: Woods William
Published: July 2017

Let G be a compact p-adic analytic group. We recall the well-understood finite radical

Δ
+

{\Delta^{+}}

and FC-centre Δ, and introduce a p-adic analogue of Roseblade’s subgroup

nio
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathrm{nio}(G)}

, the unique largest orbitally sound open normal subgroup of G. Further, when G is nilpotent-by-finite, we introduce the finite-by-(nilpotent p-valuable) radical

𝐅𝐍
p

⁢

(
G
)

{\mathbf{FN}_{p}(G)}

, an open characteristic subgroup of G contained in

nio
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathrm{nio}(G)}

. By relating the already well-known theory of isolators with Lazard’s notion of p-saturations, we introduce the isolated lower central (resp. isolated derived) series of a nilpotent (resp. soluble) p-valuable group, and use this to study the conjugation action of

nio
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathrm{nio}(G)}

on

𝐅𝐍
p

⁢

(
G
)

{\mathbf{FN}_{p}(G)}

. We emerge with a structure theorem for G,

1
≤

Δ
+

≤
Δ
≤

𝐅𝐍
p

⁢

(
G
)

≤

nio
⁢

(
G
)

≤
G

,

1\leq\Delta^{+}\leq\Delta\leq\mathbf{FN}_{p}(G)\leq\mathrm{nio}(G)\leq G,

in which the various quotients of this series of groups are well understood. This sheds light on the ideal structure of the Iwasawa algebras (i.e. the completed group rings kG) of such groups, and will be used in future work to study the prime ideals of these rings.
The Eleatic Challenge in Aristotle’s Physics I.8
Authors: O’Connor Scott
Published: July 2017

In
Biomechanical Differences of Multidirectional Jump Landings Among Female Basketball and Soccer Players
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey B. , Ford Kevin R. , Schmitz Randy J. , Ross Scott E. , Ackerman Terry A. , Shultz Sandra J.
Published: July 2017

Taylor, JB, Ford, KR, Schmitz, RJ, Ross, SE, Ackerman, TA, and Shultz, SJ. Biomechanical differences of multidirectional jump landings among female basketball and soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3034–3045, 2017—Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs are less successful in basketball than soccer and may be due to distinct movement strategies that these athletes develop from sport-specific training. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical differences between female basketball and soccer players during multidirectional jump landings. Lower extremity biomechanics of 89 female athletes who played competitive basketball (n = 40) or soccer (n = 49) at the middle- or high-school level were analyzed with 3-dimensional motion analysis during a drop vertical jump, double- (SAG-DL) and single-leg forward jump (SAG-SL), and double- (FRONT-DL) and single-leg (FRONT-SL) lateral jump. Basketball players landed with either less hip or knee, or both hip and knee excursion during all tasks (p ≤ 0.05) except for the SAGSL task, basketball players landed with greater peak hip flexion angles (p = 0.04). The FRONT-SL task elicited the most distinct sport-specific differences, including decreased hip adduction (p < 0.001) angles, increased hip internal rotation (p = 0.003), and increased relative knee external rotation (p = 0.001) excursions in basketball players. In addition, the FRONT-SL task elicited greater forces in knee abduction (p = 0.003) and lesser forces in hip adduction (p = 0.001) and knee external rotation (p < 0.001) in basketball players. Joint energetics were different during the FRONT-DL task, as basketball players exhibited less sagittal plane energy absorption at the hip (p < 0.001) and greater hip (p < 0.001) and knee (p = 0.001) joint stiffness. Sport-specific movement strategies were identified during all jump landing tasks, such that soccer players exhibited a more protective landing strategy than basketball players, justifying future efforts toward sport-specific ACL injury prevention programs.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Resistance Training on Body Image
Authors: SantaBarbara Nicholas J. , Whitworth James W. , Ciccolo Joseph T.
Published: July 2017

SantaBarbara, NJ, Whitworth, JW, and Ciccolo, JT. A systematic review of the effects of resistance training on body image. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2880–2888, 2017—The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and appraise the literature that has specifically tested the independent effects of resistance training (i.e., weightlifting) on body image in adults. A comprehensive search of electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals through December 2016 was conducted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were that a study had to be (a) written in English, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (c) conducted an assessment of body image using a validated scale before and after a stand-alone resistance training intervention (i.e., not coupled with another mode of treatment), and (d) excluded participants younger than 18 years. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 7,324 studies were identified, and 11 were included in this review. The majority (8 of 11) of studies concluded that resistance training can significantly improve multiple dimensions of body image, including body satisfaction, appearance evaluation, and social physique anxiety; however, only 3 studies were considered high quality based on their PEDro score, and several methodological limitations exist. Overall, resistance training seems to have the potential to improve body image in adults, but future high-quality studies with more rigorous testing methods and study designs are needed.
Razvoj grada od kasne antike prema srednjem vijeku: Dubrovnik, Split, Trogir, Zadar - stanje istraženosti
Authors: Jović Gazić Vedrana
Published: July 2017

Razvoj grada na prelasku iz antike u rani srednji vijek najlošije je osvijetljena faza u sveukupnom procesu poleogeneze na području Hrvatske. Iako je hrvatska antička arheologija istražila velik dio važnih gradova, cjelovito istraženih urbanih naselja još uvijek nema, čime je proučavanje ranosrednjovjekovne faze gradova s antičkom jezgrom, kao i daljnjeg prenošenja antičke urbanističke tradicije prema srednjem vijeku znatno otežano. U radu se donosi povijesni pregled istraživanja važnih za razumijevanje poleogeneze odabranih gradova.
O djelu profesora Janka Beloševića
Authors: Uglešić Ante
Published: July 2017

O djelu profesora Janka Beloševića
Je li delmatsko područje presjekao rimski limes?
Authors: Periša Darko
Published: July 2017

U radu se preispituje nastanak i uloga stalnih rimskih vojnih logora na delmatskom području od rijeke Krke do rijeke Neretve i južno od planine Dinare, koje predstavljaju legijski logori Burnum i Tilurij te auksilijarni logori Andetrij i Bigeste. Autor se ne slaže s dosadašnjim uvriježenim mišljenjem da je riječ o rimskoj obrambenoj liniji, odnosno svojevrsnom limesu koji je nastao ili kao rezultat Oktavijanova pohoda na Delmate 34. – 33. pr. Kr. ili poslije Batonova ustanka u 9. nakon Kr., a služio za obranu rimskih primorskih gradova Narone i Salone. Vojni logori na toj liniji nastali su kao rezultat rimskih ratnih operacija na delmatskom području: Bigeste tijekom pohoda Azinija Poliona ili Oktavijana, Tilurij kao sastavni dio velikog Oktavijanovog opsadnog sustava oko delmatskog utvrđenog grada Setovije, Andetrij poslije Tiberijeva osvajanja delmatskog Andetrija, a Burnum kao dio Germanikova opsadnog sustava oko delmatskog utvrđenog grada Ardube. Kasnije postojanje stalnih logora na tim mjestima i upravo na toj kratkoj liniji u blizini rimskih lučkih gradova Narone, Salone i Skardone, i to nakon konačnog rimskog osvajanja ne samo delmatskog područja nego i širokog prostora koji je obuhvatila rimska provincija Dalmacija, treba prvenstveno promatrati kroz intenzivno i masovno novačenje Delmata i drugih pokorenih naroda u 9 delmatskih kohorti.
Neka pitanja Povaljske listine
Authors: Margetić Lujo
Published: July 2017

Proučava se sadržaj Povaljske listine pa se nakon historiografskog uvoda ispituje važnija problematika, osobito pitanje opetovanog spominjanja ulaska u samostan Povljana Smolca i Poruge, zatim problem postojanje ropstva na Braču i značenje riječi brašćik.
O problemu pokapanja u naseljima od 9. do 10. stoljeća na području Slovačke
Authors: Hanuliak Milan
Published: July 2017

Grobovi u naseljima 9. i 10. stoljeća su rijedak način ukopa. Analiza grobnih nalaza ukazala je na sve elemente pogrebnog ritusa. Međutim, tek kad se u rašččambu uključe i povijesni izvori, moguće je razlučiti razloge pokapanja unutar naselja koji se povezuju s iznimnim društvenim položajem pokojnika. Te su individue mogli steći poseban položaj prekršivši zakon, a smrt ih je spriječila da isprave svoju grešku. Sličan drugorazredni društveni status mogli su dobiti i pojedinci koji su umrli neuobičajenom smrću ili u nejasnim okolnostima. Takav način ukopa nije odraz krize, nego označava jačanje pravne svijesti među članovima velikomoravskog društva.
Uz jedno kronološko pitanje starohrvatske arheologije (postavljeno od Ljube Karamana)
Authors: Zekan Mate
Published: July 2017

Osvrnuvši se na postavljenu tezu o pojavi trojagodnih naušnica kod nas tek u kasno doba Srednjeg vijeka, koju je S. Gunjača utemeljio na skupnom nalazu trojagodnih naušnica i novca Ludovika Anžuvinca (1342.-1382.) u zatvorenoj grobnoj cjelini pri istraživanju nekropole uokolo porušene crkve sv. Mihovila u Brnazama kod Sinja, Lj. Karaman u prvom poglavlju naslovljenom "O vremenu pojave trojagodnih naušnica t. zv. Kijevskog tipa u dalmatinskoj Hrvatskoj" u svom članku "Dva hronološka pitanja starohrvatske arheologije" najprije dovodi u pitanje, a zatim odbacuje tu Gunjačinu tvrdnju. Kao glavni argument za potvrdu svoga mišljenja o pojavi trojagodnih naušnica u ranom srednjem vijeku donosi arhivsku fotografiju, iz fototeke Muzeja hrvatskih starina, na kojoj se uz par ostruga karolinškog tipa, koje on datira u IX. st., u zajedničkoj cjelini nalaze i trojagodne naušnice ukrašene filigranom. Suočen s Karamanovom argumentacijom za koju nije imao adekvatnog odgovora Gunjača više ne ulazi u kronološka pitanja naušnica. Iako je od tada prošlo preko pedeset godina u kojima je arheološka znanost uz nove nalaze evoluirala, začuđuje činjenica da mnogobrojni povijesničari umjetnosti i arheolozi koji se bave tipologijom i kronologijom hrvatskog srednjovjekovnog nakita zaobilaze to Karamanovo stajalište, izbjegavajući taj članak i u njemu postavljene argumente kao da nikada nije ni napisan. No, dok god se ne riješi pitanje koje je tu postavio Karaman, sva domišljanja o kronologiji te vrste nakita znanstveno su manjkava i nedosljedna. Ovaj prilog, posvećen zaslužnom arheologu i profesoru J. Beloševiću, rješava postavljenu Karamanovu argumentaciju.
Numizmatički nalazi s arheološkog lokaliteta Pakoštane - Crkvina
Authors: Baraka Josipa , Šućur Jure
Published: July 2017

Lokalitet Pakoštane-Crkvina, smješten na položaju Košević, na zapadnoj obali Vranskoga jezera, u neposrednoj blizini ceste koja povezuje Pakoštane i Vranu, sustavno istražuje Odjel za arheologiju, Sveučilišta u Zadru. Od mnoštva arheološke građe autori su ovom prigodom izdvojili numizmatičke nalaze otkrivene tijekom dosadašnjih pet istraživačkih kampanja. Do sada je pronađeno ukupno 11 primjeraka novca, koji obuhvaćaju širok kronološki raspon od 4. do 18. stoljeća. Numizmatička građa s lokaliteta Pakoštane-Crkvina pronađena je u lošem stanju očuvanosti. Nakon čišćenja i konzervacije ipak je bilo moguće sa sigurnošću odrediti vremensku pripadnost deset očuvanih numizmatičkih nalaza. Ova numizmatička građa predstavlja odraz povijesno-trgovinskih zbivanja šireg prostora Sredozemlja, a samim time i grada Zadra i njegove šire okolice kojeg je i lokalitet Pakoštane-Crkvina nerazdvojni dio.
Justinijanovo utvrđivanje Ilirika
Authors: Ciglenečki Slavko
Published: July 2017

U članku će biti predstavljeni i preispitani neki primjeri kasnoantičkih gradnji od Mediteranskog Norika i Dalmacije, do Epira i Ahaje, koji su pripisani Justinijanovom vremenu. Pažnja će biti usmjerena na neke primjere linijskih obrambenih sustava, utvrđivanje bolje poznatih gradova te na gradnju i obnovu vojničkih utvrda. Za istočni Ilirik imamo dosta česte i katkad podrobne Prokopijeve opise, koje treba kritički pregledati kako bi se dobio realan pogled na obim Justinijanove djelatnosti. Za zapadni Ilirik ovakvih podataka, s nekolicinom manjih iznimki, nema, ali su arheološka istraživanja i terenski pregledi odlično sačuvane arhitekture u mediteranskom dijelu Ilirika omogućili dataciju gradnje i obnove brojnih objekata u Justinijanovo vrijeme.
Slavenski paljevinski grob iz Lobora
Authors: Filipec Krešimir
Published: July 2017

Pri arheološkim istraživanjima na lokalitetu Lobor, Majka Božja Gorska, provedenim 2009. godine, na prostoru na kojem se nalaze ostatci drvene crkve iz 9. stoljeća, otkrivena je posuda s ostatcima spaljenog pokojnika. Posuda je nađena u jami od stupa drvene crkve, kamo je najvjerojatnije upala pri njezinu podizanju. Grobovi s ostatcima spaljenih pokojnika nisu nađeni na lokalitetu, jer je taj prostor korišten kao mjesto ukapanja kroz više stoljeća. U članku će biti prikazani rezultati najnovijih arheoloških istraživanja, a posebno će se analizirati urna kao jedan od dokaza dugog i neprekinutog kontinuiteta pokapanja na tome mjestu.
Još jedan željaznodobni grob na Prevlaci kod Stona
Authors: Menalo Romana
Published: July 2017

U radu se analizira slučajni nalaz nekoliko ulomaka keramičkog posuđa, jedne omega igle i kamene perle na Prevlaci kod Stona, oko 200 m istočno od gradskih vrata. Krajem šezdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, nepoznati nalaznik je, prilikom kopanja temelja vikendice, artefakte sakupio i predao tadašnjem Zavodu za zaštitu spomenika kulture u Dubrovniku. Objava tih skromnih nalaza je bitna zbog pomanjkanja istraživanja na stonskim prapovijesnim lokalitetima. Posuđe je bez dvojbe grčke provenijencije i može se datirati u razdoblje od kraja 5. do kraja 4. stoljeća pr. Kr. Uz ostale slučajne nalaze u neposrednoj blizini, poglavito na stonskoj Prevlaci, može se ustanoviti postojanje nekropole na ravnome, koja okvirno pripada vremenskom razdoblju od 5. do kraja 4. stoljeća pr. Kr.
Novi nalazi kasnoantičkih grobnica na svod u Donjoj Hercegovini
Authors: Miličević-Capek Ivanka
Published: July 2017

Pri obilasku terena na području Donje Hercegovine radi utvrđivanja stanja spomenika kulture djelatnici Zavoda za zaštitu kulturno-povijesne baštine Hercegovačko-neretvanske županije registrirali su tijekom 2003. i 2004. god. veći broj dosada nepoznatih ili u literaturi sporadično spomenutih lokaliteta na kojima se može utvrditi ili pretpostaviti postojanje kasnoantičkih zidanih grobnica na svod. Zajedničko im je da su građene od kamena s bačvastim svodom od kamena ili sedre, s jednim ili dva kamena ležaja u grobnoj komori, ali se pojavljuje i tip grobnice bez ležajeva. Do sada je u BiH registrirano oko 80 grobnica na svod, koje su vjerojatno bile obiteljske grobnice višega društvenog sloja, možda vlasnika imanja na kojima su podignute crkve. Na temelju arhitekture pojedinih grobnica pod stećcima na razmatranom području, bliske načinu građenja grobnica na svod, može se pretpostaviti kontinuitet pokapanja na kasnoantičkim lokalitetima sve do kasnoga srednjeg vijeka.