bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil nutrient content in relation to women's agricultural knowledge in the urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Jonkman Nicolette Tamara R. J. M. , Kooijman Esmee D. , Jansen Boris , Pouw Nicky R. M. , Kalbitz Karsten
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Agricultural production in Kenya has been declining since the 1980s, either because soils are mismanaged or because they lack nutrients. In Kisumu, just under 50 % of the workers in the urban gardens are female. On average, women spend more hours a day in the gardens than men. To increase yields, women’s knowledge has to be considered in agricultural management. However, women face greater obstacles in land ownership, investment, and farm inputs due to social and cultural constraints as consequence of their gender. This case study aimed to determine the nutrient content in soils of the urban gardens of Kisumu, the agricultural knowledge of the women farmers and how their knowledge influences soil nutrient content through their management. Soils were sampled in Nyalenda, one of Kisumu's informal settlements where urban gardening is practised, to determine soil nutrient content. To determine how agricultural management practices influences total C and N, available N and P, and exchangeable K, Mg and Ca in the soil, two prevailing practices were compared: (1) applying manure only, and: (2) applying manure while intercropping with cowpeas. Interviews and focus group discussions were organised to determine what knowledge the female vegetable farmers possess, and where they acquired their knowledge. Soil analysis showed that agricultural management had significant effects on nutrient presence and availability. Intercropping led to significantly lower total soil nutrient contents than when only manure was applied. However, due to socio-economic factors, such as poverty, intercropping was applied in a way that did not increase soil nutrients but diversified revenue. The knowledge of the female vegetable growers was found to be limited to practical and sensory knowledge. This shows that in addition to socio-economic and cultural context, gendered knowledge differentiation has to be acknowledged and used in agricultural training when aiming to improve soil nutrient status and agricultural yields.
Herta Müller’s Atemschaukel (The Hunger Angel) in the Context of Twentieth-Century Forced Migration in East-Central Europe
Authors: Kiss Ernő Csongor
Published: August 2018

My paper elaborates Herta Müller’s Gulag novel, Atemschaukel (2009; published in English under the title of The Hunger Angel in 2012), in the historical, political and ethical contexts of twentieth-century forced migrations by placing the novel among those exodus narratives that have unfolded the parallel history of Romanian-German and Jewish communities during and after the Second World War. Given the fact that the memory of forced migrations and of the Gulag is a “soft memory” (Etkind 2004), there are no consensual remembrance policies in any concerned East or East-Central European country regarding their history. In the absence of official ownership, the legacies of these colletive and individual traumas became predominantly text-based (rather than image- or monument-based). One must therefore study those aesthetical forms by which literature is able to encode the physical, psychological, moral, social-political conditions of any totalitarian rule—and thus, attempt to establish the perceptional and sensational frames on which the universe of the Gulag can be re-constructed. Accordingly, my paper gives an amplifying view of the tendencies by which Müller’s Atemschaukel both preserves and subtly re-orchestrates the conventions of the genre of the Gulag novel. One of the main achievements of her (politics of) aesthetics consists in re-creating the image of the labor camp through an ethically grounded conception of literary testimony, which, at the same time, gains and fulfills a mediative (mimetic) function.
Csatári, Bence. 2017. Nekem írod a dalt. A könnyűzenei cenzúra a Kádár-rendszerben [‘You Write This Song for Me: Pop Music and Censorship in the Kádár Era’]. Budapest: Jaffa. 214 pp.
Authors: Danyi Gábor
Published: August 2018

Csatári, Bence. 2017. Nekem írod a dalt. A könnyűzenei cenzúra a Kádár-rendszerben [‘You Write This Song for Me: Pop Music and Censorship in the Kádár Era’]. Budapest: Jaffa. 214 pp.
Kékesi, Zoltán. 2015. Agents of Liberation – Holocaust Memory in Contemporary Art and Documentary Film. Trans. Reuben Fowlkes. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press; Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press. 221 pages.
Authors: Portuges Catherine
Published: August 2018

Kékesi, Zoltán. 2015. Agents of Liberation – Holocaust Memory in Contemporary Art and Documentary Film. Trans. Reuben Fowlkes. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press; Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press. 221 pages.
Erotismo y Sexualidad en la Cultura Islámica: Apuntes sobre lo impensado-pensable
Authors: Valcarcel Mayra Soledad
Published: August 2018

La epistemología islámica ha construido -como cualquier otra tradición- sus propios discursos, dispositivos y tecnologías de sexo/género. Este trabajo constituye una primera aproximación, desde una perspectiva antropológica e interdisciplinaria, al erotismo y la sexualidad en la cultura islámica. Para autores como Abdelwahab Bouhdiba, el islam es una economía simbólica de placer; mientras que para otros –como Mohammed Arkoun o Fátima Mernissi– esta afirmación es discutible. Por lo tanto, este artículo propone una revisión de carácter introductorio y exploratorio sobre aquellos aspectos pensados e impensados dentro la ética sexual y el imaginario erótico musulmán. Se indagará, a partir de obras literarias reconocidas y otras fuentes secundarias, en los discursos normativos y aquellos otros que revelan rastros de formas alternativas e, incluso, disidentes de pensar y experimentar la sexualidad y el erotismo en distintos contextos espacio-temporales. Para concluir con una reflexión acerca de los obstáculos y debates vigentes en torno a la configuración de las relaciones de género y la construcción o afirmación de las identidades sociosexuales y religiosas contemporáneas.
Hypolipidemic action of the meat product: in vivo study
Authors: Chernukha Irina , Fedulova Liliya , Kotenkova Elena
Published: August 2018

Results of meat product influence on the serum lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats are presented. Meat product for specialized nutrition content porcine aortas and hearts in ratio 1:3. Thirty male Wistar rats (380 ±20 g) aged approximately 1 year were kept in conventional standard conditions; water and feed were available ad libitum. Animals were randomly divided in 3 groups: group 1 - negative control (n=10); group 2 - positive control (n=10) and group 3 - experimental animals (n=10). Animals in group 2 and 3 were modeled an alimentary hyperlipidemia by adding cholesterol, fat and vitamin D2 into diet. After modeling, rats in group 2 were fed with standard chow, in group 3 - meat product (8g/kg b.w.) with standard chow. On the 42nd day serum lipid profile was investigated and immunoassay was carried out. It was found that the developed meat product given to the hyperlipidemic rats led to a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic fractions of lipoproteins by 31.8% (p <0.05), 28.2% and 2.4 times (p <0.05), respectively. Estimation of the concentration changes in apolipoproteins, forming lipoprotein particles, allowed to indirectly determining the main lipoprotein reduction that contributed to the total decrease in the atherogenic index of serum, which reached 41.3% (p <0.05). Previous proteomic study revealed the presence of a number of specific proteins and peptides in tissues of porcine aortas and heart. The hypothesis that tissue-specific proteins could decomposed into active peptides with antiatherogenic action is considered.
Fazendo caminhos, conformando relações: A história de um Xuve, Seu Calixto Francelino
Authors: Perini de Almeida Carolina
Published: August 2018

Busco refletir aqui sobre as dinâmicas territoriais e familiares entre os Terena, povo indígena de língua Aruak, habitante do pantanal sul-mato-grossense, a partir de uma biografia. Assim, neste trabalho conto um pouco sobre o que aprendi da vida de Seu Calixto Francelino, o meu principal e mais antigo interlocutor, do qual tive o privilégio de me tornar amiga e poder registrar a sua história.Como espero demonstrar, a vida de Seu Calixto, especialmente seu trilhar como Xuve (tronco), nos auxiliará a entrever a complexa dinâmica de expansão e retenção presente nos movimentos que marcam essa configuração social. Com o seu caminho, veremos não só como o ethos expansivo que conforma a liderança política contrasta-se e complementa-se com o imperativo de estar junto e viver na aldeia, mas também as múltiplas tonalidades presentes nos mundos em que Seu Calixto entra em contato, desbrava e expõe.
O medo do precedente. As técnicas de decisão no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Lewandowski Andressa
Published: August 2018

O objeto do artigo é discutir as formas técnicas e os operadores lógicos da produção jurídica no Supremo Tribunal Federal, ou seja, como se faz uma decisão no STF. Ainda que o processo A partir das noções, que circulam no tribunal, do que seja técnica e de como ela opera na formação de paradigmas de decisão, a reflexão articula os usos e as produção dos procedentes e as estratégias de intepretação/tradução constitucional articulando as analogias jurídicas e uma ideia de verdade processual.
Produções Legais da Pirataria: O Streaming e a Incorporação das Demandas e Discursos Piratas no Mercado do Entretenimento Digital
Authors: Nunes Soilo Andressa
Published: August 2018

A partir das mudanças desencadeada nas indústrias fonográfica e cinematográfica em razão das tecnologias digitais de compartilhamento de arquivos que desafiaram o regime de propriedade intelectual no final da década de 1990, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar processos de incorporação dos discursos e demandas da “pirataria” no mercado legal do streaming. Com base em etnografia realizada no ciberespaço entre os anos de 2015 e 2017 sugiro que as atuais plataformas de streaming são não somente inspiradas, mas permeadas e produzidas pela “pirataria” digital e por suas estratégias de resistência ao mercado tradicional do entretenimento. Em uma dinâmica porosa de produção do legal a partir da incorporação do ilegal é possível dizer que os novos modelos de mercado do entretenimento digital correspondem a processos de formalização das demandas e discursos piratas.
Um departamento municipal no ultramar francês: o cosmopolitismo de José Arthur Giannotti
Authors: Rodrigues Lidiane Soares
Published: August 2018

Ao recuperar uma das numerosas tramas do intercâmbio estabelecido entre a França e o Brasil, este artigo propõe uma análise das relações de dominação simbólica no plano internacional, tendo como eixo a Filosofia, enquanto disciplina universitária.  A exposição caracteriza o espaço de circulação internacional dos filósofos paulistas entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970, tendo em vista os seguintes agentes e instituições: de um lado, Gilles-Gaston Granger e a Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Rennes; do outro, João Cruz Costa e os alunos da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCL-USP), por ele selecionados para ir à França. Em seguida, contrasta a posição da Filosofia no conjunto das disciplinas dos dois pólos desse circuito, com o objetivo de caracterizar algumas tensões da colaboração estabelecida entre ambos. Propondo uma verticalização analítica, dedica-se ao estágio acadêmico de José Arthur Giannotti, realizado entre 1956 e 1958. O caso é pródigo para a investigação das assimetrias globais no plano da cultura acadêmica. Se a esfera econômica e a política são determinantes evidentes das diferenças entre os países em escala global, o mesmo pode ser verificado no plano da cultura e da ciência. Contudo, ela adquire delimitação específica conforme às práticas da produção simbólica.
O meio de ter ideias imprevistas: Lévi-Strauss, fichas e fichários
Authors: Valentini Luísa
Published: August 2018

Lévi-Strauss fala sobre o uso de fichas e fichários como artefatos mediadores  de sistematizações antropológicas desde a sua vinda a São Paulo em 1935 até a fundação do Laboratório de Antropologia Social em 1960. Suas diferentes figurações deste artefato de papel oferecem uma perspectiva rica sobre a produção do saber antropológico, de suas modalidades de hipotetização e teste, e de sua institucionalidade, e figuram a ele, reciprocamente, não apenas como grande autor, mas como homem de instituição. Uma aproximação à noções peircianas de signo e de abdução permite, ainda, vislumbrar uma abordagem genética sobre o conhecimento antropológico, e convidar à consideração do uso de artefatos de papel na produção da evidenciação e do rigor na disciplina.
Trajetórias intelectuais marcadas entre a ciência e a religião: José Loureiro Fernandes e a Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras do Paraná
Authors: Guérios Paulo
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir as dinâmicas de funcionamento da rede de intelectuais paranaenses da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras do Paraná (1938-1972) ligados ao catolicismo. Para cumprir esse objetivo, são tomados como eixo alguns elementos da trajetória pessoal e acadêmica de José Loureiro Fernandes, catedrático de Antropologia da instituição. Uma leitura atenta das fontes que nos informam acerca das dinâmicas da relação entre Loureiro Fernandes e outros intelectuais dessa rede, e acerca dos projetos intelectuais e políticos por eles implementados, permite que nos aproximemos da complexidade do universo social da FFCLPR. A partir desses materiais, perscrutamos os diferentes modos pelos quais alguns dos membros dessa rede operaram com os saberes científicos e com os projetos e saberes da Igreja Católica. Essa análise nos fornece indicativos que podem permitir repensar de modo mais amplo os processos sociais envolvidos na constituição das instituições culturais e universitárias brasileiras na primeira metade do século XX.
Da política indigenista às ações afirmativas e à Antropologia do Estado: entrevista com Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima
Authors: Lima Edilene Coffaci de , Silveira Marcos Silva da , Gonçalves Lays
Published: August 2018

Entrevista com Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima
Introdução ao dossiê História Intelectual e Etnografia do Fazer Científico
Authors: Tambascia Christiano Key
Published: August 2018

Introdução ao dossiê História Intelectual e Etnografia do Fazer Científico
História da educação na Amazônia brasileira: um balanço historiográfico recente / History of education in the brazilian Amazon: a recent historiographic balance
Authors: Costa Rafaela Paiva , Moraes Felipe Tavares de
Published: August 2018

Este artigo propõe uma análise da produção acadêmica sobre História da Educação na Amazônia brasileira, tomando por base as teses e dissertações defendidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e em História da região, desde as suas fundações até 2014. O objetivo é fazer um exame crítico da estruturação regional do Campo na perspectiva conceitual do lugar institucional de produção. Temas de pesquisa, corpus documental, periodizações e aportes teórico-metodológicos foram as categorias observadas nos trabalhos. Consideramos também outros balanços realizados em âmbito nacional e regional, que nos serviram de marcos referenciais. Nesse sentido, formulamos um balanço parcial sobre a produção relacionada ao seu desenvolvimento institucional geograficamente marcado e a construção de uma tradição epistemológica própria na região, em diálogo com as tradições consolidadas de outras regiões do país (sobretudo, o Sudeste), na composição diversa, desigual e intercambiante da pesquisa em História da Educação no Brasil.* * *This article proposes an analysis of the academic production of History of Education in the Brazilian Amazon, based on the thesis and dissertations defended at Education and History Post Graduate Programs of the region, from its foundation until 2014. The objective is to take a critical exam of the regional structuring of the field in the conceptual perspective of the institutional production place . Research topics, documentary corpus, periodization and theoretical-methodological contributions were the categories observed in this work. We also considered other balance sheets carried out in national and regional groups, which served as benchmarks. In this context, it was formulated a partial balance on a production related to its institutional development, geographically marked, and a construction of a proper epistemological tradition in the region, in a dialogue with consolidated traditions of other regions of the country (mainly the Southeast), in the diverse, unequal and interchanging composition of research in the History of Education in Brazil.
Métodos, debates e projetos: as atuações do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro na educação (1900-1930) / Methods, debates and projects: the activities of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute in education (1900-1930)
Authors: Melo Thaís De
Published: August 2018

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da trajetória de pesquisa sobre a presença do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) na Educação . Dentre os aspectos abordados estão as contribuições do instituto para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a História da Educação no Brasil; as relações dos sócios do instituto com instituições de ensino e órgãos administrativos da educação; e os projetos de criação de cursos da Academia de Altos Estudos.  Nesse sentido, propomos considerar o IHGB como um lugar de poder atuante nos conflitos políticos relativos ao campo educacional e como instância produtora de políticas e projetos educacionais no início do século XX. Como fontes para essas questões foram utilizadas publicações e atas da Revista do IHGB, bem como documentos de arquivos de instituições relacionadas e periódicos existentes durante o recorte.* * *This article presents some results of the research trajectory on the teaching of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB) in education. Among the addressed projects are the Institute's contributions to the construction of knowledge about the history of education in Brazil; the relations of the members of the Institute with educational institutions and administrative organs of education and the projects of creation of courses and the Academy of High Studies. In this sense, we propose to consider the IHGB as a place of power that is active in political conflicts related to the educational field, and as a producer of policies and educational projects in the early twentieth century. As sources for these issues, publications and minutes of the IHGB Review were used as well as archives of related and periodical institutions existing during the period.
South Africa’s Evolving Language Policy: Educational Implications
Authors: Bostock William Walter
Published: August 2018

South Africa is facing the challenge of creating a viable nation from a situation of interplay between diverse racial,ethnic and linguistic forces. This article discusses the implications for education of the evolving picture of languagepolicy as South Africa addresses the task of nation-building. Language policy is important because of its key role indeveloping and maintaining identity, particularly that of emerging generations. The results of a bad language policycan be violence and civil war. Language policy, particularly in education, can be instrumental therefore in building aharmonious nation.
Development of Foreign Language Lesson Satisfaction Scale (FLSS): Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Tasgin Adnan , Korucuk Murat
Published: August 2018

In this research it is aimed to develop an instrument that could be used to measure university students' satisfactionwith foreign language lessons in a valid and reliable manner. The research was conducted on three separate studygroups consisting of 460 students in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. In the research, firstly, anexpert opinion was applied for the content and face validity of the scale prepared in accordance with literature review,student and expert opinions. In the final form, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were applied. The EFA yielded a construct that consisted of 28 items and three factors that explained the59.97% of the total variance. These factors were named as follows: the Curriculum, Teaching Staff and PhysicalConditions. CFA was performed in the final application phase and the fit indexes were determined to be acceptable.For the criterion validity, the correlations of the factors with the total points of the scale were calculated and a highlevel of meaningful correlation was observed between these values. Internal consistency and split half test values forthe whole scale show that the scale is highly reliable. Based on these findings, it can be said that this scale is a validand reliable measurement tool for university students to measure their satisfaction with foreign language lessons.
Indisciplining the Curriculum From a Complex Perspective to Teach English
Authors: Moreno Martha , Pajaro Milton
Published: August 2018

This article presents a constructive criticism and also a prospectus about the suggested curriculum and the process of indisciplining the curriculum. It considers that through a process of indisciplining the English curriculum it would be possible to achieve the goals stated by the National Ministry of Education in terms of bilingualism and education quality. The article starts with a presentation of the educational reality of the country, the advances and transformation obtained in terms of bilingualism during the last years. Afterwards, it presents synthesis of the positive aspects of the suggested curriculum presented by the National Ministry of Education for the teaching of English as a foreign language in all the public schools of Colombia. Finally, the concept of indisciplining the curriculum in the English subject is presented as a proposal that would achieve meaningful progress in terms of English teaching and the education of students with critical thinking, complex and transformer of his/her society.
The mechanical characteristics of a porcine spinal cord under static loading in vitro
Authors: Pasławski Robert , Jacyna Monika , Jacyna Krzysztof , Janiszewski Adrian , Będziński Romuald
Published: August 2018

Background – In spite of a number of researchers, it is well known that mechanical behaviour of a spinal cord under loading has not yet been studied extensively enough. Methods - Specimens were loaded at various strain rates: 0.02/s and 0.002/s to 5% and 10% strain. After reaching defined strain value, samples were left at a constant strain for stress relaxation. Findings – The demonstrated tensile testing stress-strain response is a highly non-linear curve corresponding to low stiffness. In the toe region stress increases exponentially with the applied strain. The highest calculated stress value for 10% strain was 0,014 MPa (strain rate 0,02/s) and 0,008 MPa (strain rate 0,002/s). Linear approximation of the stress by the least square method allowed to derive Young modulus of the value: 39,68 kPa at strain rate 0,02/s and 31,07 kPa at strain rate 0,002/s. R squared value for both regressions was above 0,99 and confirmed a good quality of approximation. A and β coefficients were 1,5MPa and 31,3 at 0,02/s strain rates and 1,3MPa and 25,3 at 0,002/s strain rates correspondingly. Relative stress relaxation increased from 20% to 37% after 60 s. Absolute stress relaxation was from 0,4kPa to 2,4kPa, at 0,002/s strain rate by 5% maximum strain and 0,02/s strain rate by 10% respectively. Interpretation - Mechanical characteristics demonstrated a visible strain-rate dependence as stiffness was significantly increasing with an increase of strain rate. Mechanical characteristics demonstrated a visible strain-rate dependence as stiffness was significantly increasing with an increase of strain rate.
De uma história a outra, a professora que sou
Authors: Bernardes Rosvita Kolb
Published: August 2018

Esse artigo traz pequenas histórias, fragmentos de práticas docentes e artísticas. São narrativas vividas, escolhidas e experienciadas em tempos e espaços diferentes, tecidas pelo fio da memória em um intenso movimento de ressignificação. São construções biográficas que se cruzam entre lugares e objetos, em momentos vividos entre a escola, a infância, a docência e a arte. Inspirado em Walter Benjamin, mergulha nas histórias narradas, construindo um conjunto de mônadas ou miniaturas de significados, que trazem uma perspectiva autoinvestigativa, potencializadora, onde a ação do rememorar tem um papel fundamental. É na experiência do outro que um se vê e se revê. É na experiência da sala de aula, na escola, junto com as crianças, que esse um alimenta-se como professora-artista. Em um movimento contínuo e circular, carrega consigo esse alimento para a universidade, para os alunos da Licenciatura, para o processo de criação e invenção.
O lugar do relato autobiográfico no sistema formativo Cartografias de si
Authors: Mattar Sumaya
Published: August 2018

O texto apresenta as bases do trabalho com as narrativas de vida no âmbito do sistema Cartografias de si, uma perspectiva metodológica de trabalho com educadores composta por uma série de proposições, meios, processos e procedimentos, cujo eixo é o denominado ato cartográfico. Trata-se de uma perspectiva metodológica que postula a integração entre as esferas da criação artística e pedagógica e privilegia o papel da experiência nos processos de aprendizagem de adultos. Entre os vários dispositivos utilizados no âmbito do sistema, o texto focaliza aquele que inaugura e aciona o processo formativo com os educadores: o relato autobiográfico.
Caracterização anatômica da madeira de Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.
Authors: Nisgoski Silvana , Muñiz Graciela I. B. de , Klock Umberto
Published: August 2018

The wood anatomy of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn is described. Photomicrographs e photographs in electronic microscope are furnished. Vessels typicaliy in tangential pairs and groups. Parenchyma typicaliy as narrow to wide bands curving inwards between the large rays. Rays of two distinct sizes, usually homogeneous except for occasional sheath cells. Libriform fibers and not septate. Traumatic vertical intercellular canais occasionally present. Stain pith occasionally were found. The constituent elements were analyzed in function of tree position.
Ação de extratos vegetais e fitoreguladores na organogênese de Begonia rex
Authors: Franco Elcí Terezinha Henz , Almeida Cinara Echart
Published: August 2018

Petiole explants of Begonia rex were cultured on basal medium (MURASHIGE & SKOOG, 1962). The medium was suplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (0.01; 0.1 and 0.5 mg/I) and kinetin ( 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 mg/I). In these experiments, were as also used coconut water (15% and 20%) or potato extract ( 15% and 20%). Buds were formed in several treatments, but the best combination was coconut water 0.01 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/I KIN. Whole plants (40% of the explants) were obtained when was added coconut water . The optimal combination for plant regeneration (100%) was 0.01 mg/I NAA plus 0.1 mg/I KIN.
A Normalized Congruent Matching Area Method for the Correlation of Breech Face Impression Images
Authors: Chen Zhe , Song John , Chu Wei , Tong Mingsi , Zhao XueZeng
Published: August 2018

The congruent matching cells (CMC) method was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for firearm evidence identification and error rate estimation. The CMC method divides the correlated image pairs into cells and uses four parameters to quantify topography similarity and pattern congruency of the correlated cell pairs in firearm breech face impressions on fired cartridge cases. A preliminary conservative numerical identification criterion of C = 6 CMCs was suggested for identifying images of cartridge cases fired from the same firearm. The CMC method was validated by correlations using both three-dimensional (3D) topography images and two-dimensional (2D) optical images from a set of 40 cartridge cases fired from a firearm set composed of 10 consecutively manufactured pistol slides. However, in the original CMC method, due to the difference in the effective data area of the correlated cells, final CMCs obtained from an image pair presented different data quantity (or validity level), and thus the empirical criterion C = 6 CMCs did not remain optimal for identification when the correlated cell size changed. In this study, a normalized congruent matching area (NCMA) method that considers the difference in the data area in each correlated cell pair was developed. Based on the NCMA method, an optimal range of cell sizes for breech face identification with granular characteristics was determined. A binomial model was used to fit the known nonmatching NCMA probability distribution ΨNCMA, and a beta-binomial model was used to fit the known matching NCMA probability distribution ΦNCMA. An experimental improvement in the normalized identification criterion C of around 6 % was observed in the validation tests when the cell sizes were in the optimal range.
Affidavit présenté dans le cadre de la plainte devant la Cour fédérale du Commissaire aux langues officielles du Canada visant les compressions budgétaires de Cbef Windsor
Authors: Laflamme Simon
Published: August 2018

L’affidavit que publie ici Simon Laflamme a été utilisé par le Commissariat aux langues officielles pour appuyer la cause qu’il défendait contre la Société Radio-Canada. À la suite des compressions budgétaires de 2009 dont elle avait été victime, la société d’État réduisait fortement sa programmation à la station de radio Cbef de Windsor. Ce document rappelle quelques principes sur le rapport entre les communautés et leurs médias en insistant sur les conditions de la postmodernité et sur la situation des populations minoritaires, notamment sur celle de la francophonie canadienne ; il distingue le rôle des médias généralistes de celui des médias spécialisés en insistant sur l’importance pour une population donnée de produire des messages médiatiques pour elle-même ; il met en évidence la dynamique entre démographie, culture, médias et économie ; il évoque une série de travaux empiriques sur les médias qui permettent aussi bien de comprendre le cas franco-ontarien dans son ensemble que de saisir la spécificité de la communauté francophone du sud-ouest de la province.
Trois historiens de la « transition ». Mutations identitaires et historiographie en Acadie, en Ontario français et au Manitoba français, 1970-2000
Authors: Frenette Yves
Published: August 2018

Yves Frenette
, qui en est à sa cinquième participation aux Cahiers Charlevoix, propose un regard comparatif de l’historiographie dans trois aires de la francophonie canadienne entre 1970 et 2000. Au cours de cette
période de transition
, les identités traditionnelles acadienne et canadienne-française déclinent progressivement au profit de nouvelles identités francophones provincialisées. Il s’attache à trois historiens qui sont aussi des intellectuels enracinés dans leur milieu : Léon Thériault au Nouveau-Brunswick, Gaétan Gervais en Ontario et Robert Painchaud au Manitoba. Les deux premiers se rejoignent dans leur quête d’autonomie pour les Acadiens et les Franco-Ontariens – autonomie politique pour Thériault, autonomie institutionnelle pour Gervais
 ; i
ls font ressortir des filiations qui, seules, garantissent un avenir
établi
sur des assises solides. Dans un contexte fort différent, surtout en raison de la situation très minoritaire des francophones de la Prairie, Painchaud étudie la thématique historique de l’immigration, prône l’ouverture à l’autre et appuie les nouvelles politiques fédérales et provinciales de multiculturalisme.
La chanson française de tradition orale en Ontario : données, tendances, état du répertoire
Authors: Bénéteau Marcel
Published: August 2018

L’étude de Marcel Bénéteau fait le bilan de la chanson traditionnelle française en Ontario et trace son évolution dans le temps et l’espace. L’auteur décrit le travail qu’il a entrepris pour déterminer en premier lieu en quoi consiste le répertoire de l’Ontario français ; à cette fin, il précise quelles sont ses balises historiques et géographiques (où et quand le répertoire s’est-il implanté sur le territoire ?) et ce qu’il comprend au juste (combien de chansons ? quelles chansons ? quelles catégories de chansons ?). Pour ce faire, il a dû s’astreindre à dépouiller les divers fonds d’archives disponibles afin de repérer, identifier et cataloguer plus de 12 000 versions de chansons recueillies en Ontario depuis la fin du xixe siècle, un travail de longue haleine qui a occupé l’auteur au cours des dix dernières années. Le résultat – premiers jalons d’un catalogue de la chanson traditionnelle française en Ontario – permet de décrire avec précision la richesse et la diversité du répertoire tout en tenant compte de ses particularités régionales et de ses apports au fonds commun que partagent les francophones des deux côtés de l’Atlantique.
Processus d’activation des savoirs du professeur débutant à la croisée d’influences contextuelles, expérientielles, culturelles et institutionnelles
Authors: Brière-Guenoun Fabienne
Published: August 2018

Les savoirs en actes d’un enseignant d’ÉPS débutant sont étudiés en analysant ses pratiques effectives en classe et ses discours recueillis en entretiens. La démarche adoptée relève d’une approche comparatiste et anthropologique du didactique enrichie par les orientations de la clinique de l’activité. Les résultats exposent les processus d’activation des savoirs en lien avec l’identification des registres de savoirs mobilisés et les influences contextuelles, expérientielles, institutionnelles et culturelles qui les expliquent. Au-delà, la reconfiguration singulière des savoirs qu’opère l’enseignant en contexte questionne les modalités d’appropriation et de circulation entre divers registres de savoirs.
La formation d’une identité juive américaine
Authors: Robinson Ira
Published: August 2018

Un des développements les plus importants dans le judaïsme américain du xxe siècle est la montée du judaïsme conservateur, une interprétation américaine distincte du judaïsme rabbinique. Le processus par lequel le judaïsme conservateur a émergé dans le judaïsme américain comme un mouvement clairement distinct de l’orthodoxie — qui lui-même émerge du judaïsme traditionnel des immigrants juifs — date essentiellement de la période 1920-1950. Le présent article est une étude de l’un des incidents marquants de cette émergence : le cas du rabbin Salomon Goldman et du Jewish Center [JC] de Cleveland, Ohio. Le rabbin Goldman a été l’instigateur des changements rituels et architecturaux dans sa congrégation qui sont devenus synonymes du judaïsme conservateur mais ces changements étaient contestés par des éléments traditionalistes au sein de la synagogue. L’affaire a été devant les tribunaux et a fait sensation aux États-Unis. Cet article se fonde sur des documents d’archives récemment découverts. Il contribue à une compréhension plus nuancée de l’émergence du judaïsme conservateur de l’orthodoxie au début du xxe siècle.
La proie ouverte en son ombre
Authors: Hervé Martin
Published: August 2018

Dans Blesse, ronce noire (Paris, José Corti, 1995), Claude Louis-Combet se consacre à la vie imaginaire et érotique du poète Georg Trakl et de sa soeur Margarethe. Leur drame incestueux repose sur un fantasme d’union et de complétude qui articule tout un théâtre d’images troubles, si ce n’est doubles, du masculin et du féminin. Drame qui doit en passer par un scénario cynégétique pour que le frère et la soeur, le chasseur et sa proie, investissent la scène de la rencontre des corps. Celle-ci aura été autant désirée que retardée, mise à distance par ces images dans lesquelles les amants préfèrent se contempler et se leurrer plutôt que d’ouvrir les yeux, c’est-à-dire de faire face à l’impossible de leur rêve du comme un. Aussi l’acte sexuel sonne, non l’hallali de la jouissance, mais la curée funeste du désir. À l’impossible de la coïncidence des sexes, les amants Trakl n’opposent que le déni d’un jeu d’ombres.
Regard et prédation dans Film de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Brown Llewellyn
Published: August 2018

Si la problématique du regard est capitale chez Beckett, c’est dans son unique film – au titre rhématique – qu’il en fait le moteur d’une poursuite. En abordant un nouveau médium, il reprend un dispositif ancien reposant sur la représentation de l’« espace parcourable », composant l’espace de la quête. Le recours au célèbre Buster Keaton est solidaire de ce choix qui fait du film une fable. Si un dispositif « théorique » (Berkeley) est mobilisé par Beckett, le regard est lu ici en tant qu’objet, tel qu’il a été théorisé par Lacan, selon lequel chacun est soumis à un regard omnivoyeur, avant d’être constitué comme sujet. Beckett considère la caméra comme une instance pénétrante et impersonnelle. Dans Film, on voit la réalité constituée par l’imaginaire céder devant l’intrusion de ce regard. En l’absence d’un regard d’assentiment originel de la part de l’Autre, le sujet beckettien demeure irrémédiablement scindé, ce qui permet, dans cette oeuvre, de faire du regard un « personnage » à part entière : l’Oeil de la caméra, qui poursuit le personnage, appelé Objet (O). Le premier est subjectivité sans forme visible, le second est visibilité sans intériorité. Alors, au lieu d’être refoulé, le regard menace constamment de surgir dans le champ du visible. La fuite conduit le personnage à la chambre maternelle. Mais ce refuge ne permet pas de résolution, parce que le regard fait partie de la subjectivité du personnage. Le lieu d’une intériorité voulue parfaite révèle une brèche irrémédiable. Celle-ci offre un point d’ancrage, lieu d’une subjectivité impossible à effacer, et où le regard angoissant prend enfin la forme visible du double qui observe O en silence. Le spectateur trouve sa place mise en jeu : regardant ce film muet qui marque l’impossibilité de la communication et de l’identification, il occupe les places d’observateur et d’observé.
CRSeek: a Python module for facilitating complicated CRISPR design strategies
Authors: Dampier Will , Chung Cheng-Han , Sullivan Neil T , Atkins Andrew J , Nonnemacher Michael R , Wigdahl Brian
Published: August 2018

With the popularization of the CRISPR-Cas gene editing system there has been an explosion of new techniques made possible by this versatile technology. However, the computational field has lagged behind with a current lack of computational tools for developing complicated CRISPR-Cas gene editing strategies. We present crseek, a Python package that provides a consistent application programming interface (API) for multiple cleavage prediction algorithms. Four popular cleavage prediction algorithms were implemented and further adapted to work on draft-quality genomes. Furthermore, since crseek mirrors the popular scikit-learn API, the package can be easily integrated as an upstream processing module for facilitating further CRISPR-Cas machine learning research. The package is fully integrated with the biopython package facilitating simple import, export, and manipulation of sequences before and after gene editing. This manuscript presents four common gene editing tasks that would be difficult with current tools but are easily performed with the crseek package. We believe this package will help bioinformaticians rapidly design complex CRISPR-Cas gene editing strategies and will be a useful addition to the field.
From command-line bioinformatics to bioGUI
Authors: Joppich Markus , Zimmer Ralf
Published: August 2018

Bioinformatics is a highly interdisciplinary field providing applications for scientists from many disciplines. Installing and starting applications on the command-line (CL) is a problem for many scientists, nonetheless, most methods are implemented with a CL interface only. Providing a GUI for bioinformatics applications is one step towards routinely making CL-only applications available to more scientists, and, thus towards a more effective interdisciplinary work.

We identified two main problems for conveniently using CL bioinformatic tools: First, many tools work on UNIX-systems only, while many scientists use Microsoft Windows. Second, scientists refrain from using command-line tools which, however, could well support them in their research. Both issues are addressed by bioGUI.

The bioGUI framework provides easy means to make CL tools available for most scientists, especially making use of Windows Subsystem for Linux, which provides a native Ubuntu bash on Windows. In addition, bioGUI templates are easily created (automatically), making this framework highly rewarding for developers. The bioGUI repository allows to install and use bioinformatics tools with just a few clicks.
Boundary value problems with solutions in convex sets
Authors: Herzog Gerd , Kunstmann Peer Chr.
Published: August 2018

By means of the continuation method for contractions we prove the existence of solutions of Dirichlet boundary value problems in convex sets. As an application we prove the existence of concave solutions of certain boundary value problems in ordered Banach spaces.
A resource-rational theory of set size effects in human visual working memory
Authors: van den Berg Ronald , Ma Wei Ji
Published: August 2018

Encoding precision in visual working memory decreases with the number of encoded items. Here, we propose a normative theory for such set size effects: the brain minimizes a weighted sum of an error-based behavioral cost and a neural encoding cost. We construct a model from this theory and find that it predicts set size effects. Notably, these effects are mediated by probing probability, which aligns with previous empirical findings. The model accounts well for effects of both set size and probing probability on encoding precision in nine delayed-estimation experiments. Moreover, we find support for the prediction that the total amount of invested resource can vary non-monotonically with set size. Finally, we show that it is sometimes optimal to encode only a subset or even none of the relevant items in a task. Our findings raise the possibility that cognitive "limitations" arise from rational cost minimization rather than from constraints.
Estrogenic-dependent glutamatergic neurotransmission from kisspeptin neurons governs feeding circuits in females
Authors: Qiu Jian , Rivera Heidi M , Bosch Martha A , Padilla Stephanie L , Stincic Todd L , Palmiter Richard D , Kelly Martin J , Rønnekleiv Oline K
Published: August 2018

The neuropeptides tachykinin2 (Tac2) and kisspeptin (Kiss1) in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus Kiss1 (Kiss1ARH) neurons are essential for pulsatile release of GnRH and reproduction. Since 17β-estradiol (E2) decreases Kiss1 and Tac2 mRNA expression in Kiss1ARH neurons, the role of Kiss1ARH neurons during E2-driven anorexigenic states and their coordination of POMC and NPY/AgRP feeding circuits have been largely ignored. Presently, we show that E2 augmented the excitability of Kiss1ARH neurons by amplifying Cacna1g, Hcn1 and Hcn2 mRNA expression and T-type calcium and h-currents. E2 increased Slc17a6 mRNA expression and glutamatergic synaptic input to arcuate neurons, which excited POMC and inhibited NPY/AgRP neurons via metabotropic receptors. Deleting Slc17a6 in Kiss1 neurons eliminated glutamate release and led to conditioned place preference for sucrose in E2-treated KO female mice. Therefore, the E2-driven increase in Kiss1 neuronal excitability and glutamate neurotransmission may play a key role in governing the motivational drive for palatable food in females.
Spatial and temporal analysis of PCP protein dynamics during neural tube closure
Authors: Butler Mitchell T , Wallingford John B
Published: August 2018

Planar cell polarity (PCP) controls convergent extension and axis elongation in all vertebrates. Although asymmetric localization of PCP proteins is central to their function, we understand little about PCP protein localization during convergent extension. Here, we use quantitative live imaging to simultaneously monitor cell intercalation behaviors and PCP protein dynamics in the Xenopus laevis neural plate epithelium. We observed asymmetric enrichment of PCP proteins, but more interestingly, we observed tight correlation of PCP protein enrichment with actomyosin-driven contractile behavior of cell-cell junctions. Moreover, we found that the turnover rates of junctional PCP proteins also correlated with the contractile behavior of individual junctions. All these dynamic relationships were disrupted when PCP signaling was manipulated. Together, these results provide a dynamic and quantitative view of PCP protein localization during convergent extension and suggest a complex and intimate link between the dynamic localization of core PCP proteins, actomyosin assembly, and polarized junction shrinking during cell intercalation in the closing vertebrate neural tube.
Unravelling the history of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D infection using a full-genome phylogenetic and phylogeographic approach
Authors: Kostaki Evangelia-Georgia , Karamitros Timokratis , Stefanou Garyfallia , Mamais Ioannis , Angelis Konstantinos , Hatzakis Angelos , Kramvis Anna , Paraskevis Dimitrios
Published: August 2018

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes a global public health problem. In order to establish how HBV was disseminated across different geographic regions, we estimated the levels of regional clustering for genotypes D and A. We used 916 HBV-D and 493 HBV-A full-length sequences to reconstruct their global phylogeny. Phylogeographic analysis was conducted by the reconstruction of ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony. The putative origin of genotype D was in North Africa/Middle East. HBV-D sequences form low levels of regional clustering for the Middle East and Southern Europe. In contrast, HBV-A sequences form two major clusters, the first including sequences mostly from sub-Saharan Africa, and the second including sequences mostly from Western and Central Europe. Conclusion: We observed considerable differences in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A and different levels of monophyletic clustering in relation to the regions of prevalence of each genotype.
The trans isomer of Tau peptide is prone to aggregate, and the WW domain of Pin1 drastically decreases its aggregation
Authors: Ikura Teikichi , Tochio Naoya , Kawasaki Ryosuke , Matsuzaki Mizuki , Narita Akihiro , Kikumoto Mahito , Utsunomiya‐Tate Naoko , Tate Shin‐ichi , Ito Nobutoshi
Published: August 2018

In Alzheimer's, the disease‐related protein Tau is hyperphosphorylated and aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The cis isomer of the phosphorylated Thr231‐Pro232 has been proposed as a precursor of aggregation (‘Cistauosis’), but this aggregation scheme is not yet completely accepted. Here, we synthesized peptides comprising a phosphorylated region including Thr231‐Pro232 and an aggregation‐core region R1 to investigate isomer‐specific‐aggregation of Tau. The phosphorylated peptide formed amyloid‐like aggregation. This aggregation was observed even in the presence of the catalytic domain of the peptidyl‐prolyl‐isomerase Pin1, which preferentially converts the cis isomer to the trans isomer, but decreased drastically in the presence of the WW domain of Pin1 selectively binding to the trans isomer. These results indicate that the trans isomer is aggregation‐prone and that the WW domain of Pin1 effectively inhibits its aggregation.