bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human hand-inspired all-hydrogel gripper with a high load capacity formed by the split-brushing adhesion of diverse hydrogels
Authors: Koo Hye Been , Heo Eunseok , Cho In , Kim Sun Hong , Kang Jiheong , Chang Jae-Byum
Published: March 2023

The all-hydrogel gripper was composed of three temperature-responsive hydrogels that mimicked the human bone, cartilage, and flexor tendon. With tough adhesion via split-brushing adhesion, our all-hydrogel gripper showed a high load capacity.
Synthesis and self-assembly of a diphenylalanine–tetraphenylethylene hybrid monomer and RAFT polymers with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Yonenuma Ryo , Mori Hideharu
Published: March 2023

A hybrid monomer consisting of diphenylalanine with the self-assembling ability and tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced emission properties was synthesized and employed for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization.
Catalytic performance of Ni–Co/HZSM-5 catalysts for aromatic compound promotion in simulated bio-oil upgrading
Authors: Qin Liyuan , Li Jiani , Zhang Shengming , Liu Zhongyuan , Li Shuang , Luo Lina
Published: March 2023

Periodic changes in the acid sites and interface protons are critical for improving the properties of the Ni–Co/HZSM-5 catalyst and enhancing its selectivity for aromatic compounds.
The influence of activation atmosphere on the active phase and hydrotreating activity of LDH-based NiW pre-sulfurized catalysts
Authors: Wang Hao , Xiong Hongchuan , Yang Fan , Li Yang , He Shiang , Wu Yan
Published: March 2023

Activation atmosphere and temperature determined active phases of NiW pre-sulfurized hydrotreating catalysts prepared via a tetrathiotungstate intercalated NiAl layered double hydroxide.
Redox catalysis via photoinduced electron transfer
Authors: Lee Yong-Min , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: March 2023

This perspective article highlights redox catalysis of organic molecules via photoinduced electron transfer, which is well exploited for the important photoredox reactions including hydrogen evolution, water oxidation and synthetic applications.
Universality in the buckling behavior of drying suspension drops
Authors: Bamboriya Om Prakash , Tirumkudulu Mahesh S.
Published: March 2023

Buckling of fast drying, suspension drops depends on drop volume, particle size and modulus, surface tension and particle packing. Buckling is controlled by a competition between capillary force and elastic deformation of the particle-packed shell.
SiO2@Au nanoshell-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for coronary heart disease diagnosis
Authors: Li Yanyan , Zhang Hua , Jiang Jingjing , Zhao Lin , Wang Yunbing
Published: March 2023

SiO2@Au nanoshell assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to extract metabolic fingerprints of patients with coronary heart disease with high fidelity and minimum sample pretreatment.
Strategies for improving positive temperature effects in conductive polymer composites – a review
Authors: Liu Kui , Xu Zhuang , Mei Jing , Han Jinlu , Zheng Fenghua , Wang Hongqiang , Huang Youguo , Wu Qiang , Qin Guofeng , Jiang Juantao , Li Qingyu
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes and discusses the strategies for improving the PTC performance of conductive polymer composites.
Online protein digestion in membranes between capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Ryan Kendall A. , Bruening Merlin L.
Published: March 2023

This research employs pepsin-containing membranes to digest proteins online after a capillary electrophoresis separation and prior to tandem mass spectrometry, allowing the peptides from a protein to enter the mass spectrometer in a single plug.
Online hyphenation of in-capillary aptamer-functionalized solid-phase microextraction and extraction nanoelectrospray ionization for miniature mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Lv Yueguang , Shang Yuhan , Li Linsen , Zhang Ying , Ma Qiang
Published: March 2023

A streamlined experimental protocol has been developed for rapid on-site detection, combining in-capillary aptamer-functionalized solid-phase microextraction, extraction nanoelectrospray ionization, and miniature mass spectrometry analysis.
Unified analysis method for total and inorganic As determination in foodstuffs by hydride generation high-resolution continuum source quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Chirita Lucia , Covaci Eniko , Ponta Michaela , Frentiu Tiberiu
Published: March 2023

A unified method for total and inorganic As determination in foodstuff matrices by hydride generation coupled to high-resolution continuum source quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed.
Correction: Preparation and characterizations of an injectable and biodegradable high-strength iron-bearing brushite cement for bone repair and vertebral augmentation applications
Authors: Ding Luguang , Wang Huan , Li Jiaying , Liu Dachuan , Bai Jianzhong , Yuan Zhangqin , Yang Jiaojiao , Bian Lu , Zhao Xijiang , Li Bin , Chen Song
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Preparation and characterizations of an injectable and biodegradable high-strength iron-bearing brushite cement for bone repair and vertebral augmentation applications’ by Luguang Ding et al., Biomater. Sci., 2023, 11, 96–107, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2BM01535H.
A convenient route to a vinylogous dicyano aryl based AIEgen with switchable mechanochromic luminescence properties
Authors: Ghosh Saurajit , Bhambri Himanshi , Singh Ajeet Kumar , Mandal Sanjay K. , Roy Lisa , Addy Partha Sarathi
Published: March 2023

A convenient two step synthetic protocol is reported to obtain a mechanochromic luminescent molecule with switchable optical property.
Semi-conductive micellar networks of all-conjugated diblock and triblock copolymer blends
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Chung Wooyeol , Kim Dogyun , Kang Junwoo , Grandes Reyes Carlos Fitzgerald , Jeong Jisu , Kim Kyoung Taek
Published: March 2023

The crystallization-driven self-assembly of the blends of the all-conjugated block copolymers of P3HT and P3EHT results in the cross-linking of the nanowires of P3HT-b-P3EHT, achieved by intercalating P3HT-b-P3EHT-b-P3HT into the nanowire cores.
Fabrication of a self-standing supramolecular membrane by a “soft spray” technique
Authors: Jiao Yonghua , Chen Bingbing , Zhong Chaofan , Hou Xiaojiao , Fu Yuanlin , Fan Fuqiang , Wang Tieqiang , Fu Yu
Published: March 2023

We report a one-step method to fabricate a free-standing supramolecular membrane composed of melamine and barbituric acid coordinated with silver nitrate (MBa-Ag) at the gas/liquid interface by a soft spray technique.
Accelerated redox conversion of an advanced Zn//Fe–Co3O4 battery by heteroatom doping
Authors: Li Jiazhuo , Zhang Siwen , Ding Yaxi , Sun Ying , Yang Jinzhang , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Yin Bosi
Published: March 2023

Fe-doped Co3O4 (Fe–Co3O4) increases the specific surface area and introduces oxygen defects, thus promoting redox reactions and improving capacity also cycle stability.
Aggregated coordination polymers of Ag+ with a cysteine derivative ligand containing an AIEgen
Authors: Quan Jing-Jing , Wang Qian , Li Zhao , Jiang Yun-Bao
Published: March 2023

The novel spectral changes from the coordination polymers of Ag+ with a chiral cysteine-based ligand containing a TPE AIEgen.
Impact of the Sr content on the redox thermodynamics and kinetics of Ca1−xSrxMnO3−δ for tailored properties
Authors: Klaas Lena , Bulfin Brendan , Kriechbaumer Dorottya , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian
Published: March 2023

The paper highlights the impact of the varying Sr content in Ca1−xSrxMnO3 on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the sample. Moreover, it discusses that this impact is related to atomic structural changes.
Photo-response of water intercalated Ti3C2O2 MXene
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: March 2023

The electronic structure of water-intercalated Ti3C2O2 MXene at 5 ps.
Phenylimido complexes of rhenium: fluorine substituents provide protection, reactivity, and solubility
Authors: Claude Guilhem , Kulitzki Erika , Hagenbach Adelheid , Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich
Published: March 2023

The electronic properties and steric bulk of isocyanides are modulated by partial fluorination of the ligands. The fluorination of phenylimides provides solubility.
Solvent-free mechanochemical chlorination of pyrazoles with trichloroisocyanuric acid
Authors: Chen Chi-Min , Chen Jia-Xin , To Ching Tat
Published: March 2023

Application of ball milling for the chlorination of pyrazoles to access 4-chloropyrazoles in an eco-friendly manner.
All-inorganic 2D/3D Csx+2Pbx+1(SCN)2(I/Br)3x+2 perovskites
Authors: Chen Tianyang , Hu Shuangyan , Zhou Xuechang , Luo Jingshan
Published: March 2023

Inorganic 2D/3D perovskites Csx+2Pbx+1(SCN)2(I/Br)3x+2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, ∞) only consist of 2D Cs2Pb(SCN)2(I/Br)2 and 3D CsPb(I/Br)3 perovskite phases.
Pseudopeptosomes: non-lipidated vesicular assemblies from bispidine-appended pseudopeptides
Authors: Singh Hanuman , Pragya Pragya , Mittal Aditya , Haridas V.
Published: March 2023

We present a molecular topology-based strategy for creating pseudopeptosomes. These pseudopeptides showed cell penetrating property. X-ray crystal structure and spectroscopic data revealed a Trp zipper arrangement.
Combustion derived single phase Y4Al2O9:Tb3+ nanophosphor: crystal chemistry and optical analysis for solid state lighting applications
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Singh Devender , Gupta Isha , Singh Sitender , Nehra Simran , Kumar Ramesh
Published: March 2023

Cool green light emanating monoclinic Y4−xAl2O9:xTb3+ (x = 1–5 mol%) nanophosphors have been fabricated through gel-combustion method.
Effect of sample height and particle elongation in the sedimentation of colloidal rods
Authors: Eckert Tobias , Schmidt Matthias , de las Heras Daniel
Published: March 2023

Complex stacking sequences emerge in sedimented suspensions of colloidal rods due to the interplay between between gravity and bulk phenomena.
Accelerated inertial regime in the spinodal decomposition of magnetic fluids
Authors: Singh Anuj Kumar , Banerjee Varsha
Published: March 2023

(a) Accelerated inertial regime and (b) triggered magnetic order in the coarsening Stockmayer fluid.
Ultrahigh energy storage density, high efficiency and superior thermal stability in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramicsviaconstructing multiphase structures
Authors: Huang Yi-Ning , Zhang Ji , Wang Jiajia , Wang Jing , Wang Yaojin
Published: March 2023

BNT-based ceramics with polymorphic PNRs display an ultrahighWrecof 7.4 J cm−3and a highηof 89% at 400 kV cm−1, as well as excellent thermal reliability.
Dye-surfactant co-assembly as the chromogenic indicator for nanomolar level detection of Cu(i) ions via a color-changing response
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Karar Monaj , Dey Nilanjan
Published: March 2023

Polyaromatic amphiphilic probes have been developed, that can be involved in chromogenic detection of Cu+ ions in anionic micelles.
A grid‐based searching algorithm for observer‐based multiobjective control of T–S fuzzy stochastic jump‐diffusion systems
Authors: Wu Chien‐Feng , Hwang Chi‐Kwang , Chiu Wei‐Yu
Published: March 2023

Most studies on a multiobjective optimal control problem (MOCP) with nonlinear stochastic jump‐diffusion system (NSJDS) constraints assume the state vector is available, but in practice, this is not necessarily the case. The observer‐based MOCP is worthy of further research. Furthermore, the hybrid multiobjective differential evolution algorithm (HMODEA) is usually employed to help solve MOCPs with dynamical system constraints, and such problems often have a higher computational burden. To address these two issues, a grid‐based front‐squeezing searching algorithm (GBFSA) is proposed to solve the observer‐based MOCP with NSJDS. Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to approximate the NSJDS and convert the problem into an MOCP with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Then, the GBFSA efficiently searches for the Pareto front by merging the LMIs and the squeezing theorem. To automatically select a preferred Pareto controller, the minimum Manhattan distance (MMD) approch is applied. Mathematical proofs are given to show that the obtained Pareto optimal controller can concurrently stabilize the associated NSJDS and achieve the desired performance indices. In addition, computational complexity and convergence analysis are also provided.
Finite‐time synchronization of network systems with linear and nonlinear couplings via quantized intermittent‐adaptive control
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhang Wanli , Feng Ji
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of network systems (NSs) via finite‐time (FIT) control techniques. First, the network systems include two complex networks with linear couplings, nonlinear couplings and different rates of evolution. In order to realize the goal of synchronization, intermittent‐adaptive control schemes with quantizer are designed. Then, several FIT synchronization criteria are established by using the designed controllers whose parameters could be adjusted automatically according to the adaptive laws. At the rest of this article, the numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our results.
A fast user actual privilege reasoning framework based on privilege dependency graph reduction
Authors: Bai Wei , Cheng Angxuan , Wang Cailing , Pan Zhisong
Published: March 2023

It is a key point to find out the actual privileges of network users in network security risk assessment. The Privilege dependency graph (PDG) provides an effective way to reason the actual privileges of network users from their initial privileges. The existing User Actual Privilege reasoning method is time‐consuming and not suitable for large‐scale networks. This paper introduces a fast User Actual Privilege reasoning framework based on PDG reduction. The core idea is to reduce the size of the graph as much as possible before the actual privilege reasoning. Three different nodes merged scenarios are proposed and discussed, as well as the influences of different execution sequences and execution times. Networks of different sizes were simulated to validate the effectiveness and scalability of their method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can decrease the time of User Actual Privilege reasoning by over 25% in large‐scale networks.
Interactions between marine microorganisms and metal: the start point of a new bioinspired solution for corrosion protection
Authors: Marques Maria João , Jaume Julien , Diderot Anthony , Délia Marie-Line , Basséguy Régine
Published: March 2023

Among the strategies currently used to protect metallic materials from corrosion, and thus increase their durability, conversion treatments and coatings can be considered as the most efficient and cost-effective alternatives. However, these techniques must comply with increasingly stringent regulations such as REACH. On another note, in the field of interactions between microorganisms and conductive material, it has been shown that microorganisms can not only accelerate corrosion in some cases (biocorrosion or MIC) but also inhibit it in others, thus protecting the underlying material (MIC Inhibition). In this context, the MICOATEC ANR project is based on the observation that interactions between an aluminium alloy (AA5083) and microorganisms in the marine environment lead to the formation of a protective layer against corrosion. The MICOATEC project aims to develop, via a biomimetic strategy, a new type of process for producing anti-corrosion coatings. The main goal is therefore to translate the natural biotic process into an abiotic technological process for corrosion protection, without replicating the biofilm itself or incorporating active biocompounds into the coating matrix.
On emotions as a condition for morality
Authors: Zanchet Maria Eugênia
Published: March 2023

The idea that we must free ourselves from the mastery of our emotions in order to act morally has been challenged over the past decades as Kant scholars have turned to the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Judgment to regain the centrality of emotions in this tradition. I want to expand the claim about the positive role of emotions in Kant’s moral theory by arguing that certain emotional states should be understood as having an even more fundamental role, namely, as an empirical condition for morality. Therefore, I will show that the structure Kant provides to explain the human mind conceives of our moral experience as relying on what he calls lower faculty of feeling. After sketching Kant’s approach to cognition, I will show how some feelings are indissociable from the human moral experience – and notably, from the ability to act in accordance with our predispositions. I will discuss textual evidence for this view and explain that, although Kant himself failed to devise an explicit taxonomy of emotions, there is a sense in which pathological feelings are to be regarded as a condition for morality.
How is the practical deduction possible?
Authors: Semyonov Valeriy E.
Published: March 2023

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant asserts the impossibility of the principles of practical reason, as “the objective reality of the moral law cannot be proved by any deduction” (KpV, АА 05: 47). This is the case if deduction is understood as the procedure Kant follows in the “Transcendental Analytic” of the first Critique. Yet, Kant himself points out that “deduction […] is the justification (Rechtfertigung) of its objective and universal validity” (KpV, AA 5:46). This justification of the principles of practical reason can be found in Kant’s works and has a certain structure. Firstly, in the Critique of Pure Reason, he justifies the existence of an intelligible world where the determining ground of causality is freedom. In the intelligible domain, the principles of pure reason possess objective reality. Thus, in the first Critique, Kant justifies the existence of (i) an intelligible world, (ii) freedom as the ground of causality and (iii) the ought as a reason for practical action. Secondly, in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant demonstrates that freedom carries one to an intelligible world where the good will resides. The good will rests upon freedom and brings forth human autonomy. And it is the good will from which the categorical imperative and morality in general emanate. Thirdly, it is explicated in the second Critique that freedom is the keystone (Schlußstein) of practical reason. Here, the moral law (= “a fact of reason”) is instrumental in deducing transcendental freedom itself. This means that the reality of transcendental freedom manifests itself through the moral law. The moral law exists and is effective; therefore, there is transcendental freedom behind it. Thus, the structure of transcendental deduction of practical reason consists of the successive justification of (i) the intelligible world, (ii) freedom, (iii) the good will, (iv) duty (categorical imperative), (v) the moral law as a “fact of reason”. Consequently, the practical deduction is possible only through a synthetic union between the Copernican Revolution,transcendental idealism and criticism.
Enlightenment and religion in Kant
Authors: Borges Maria
Published: March 2023

How can we reconcile religion and Enlightenment in Kant? I begin by analyzing Kant’s conception of a rational religion and the key concepts of radical evil and ethical community. I refer to many instances of overcoming evil in Kant’s work. First, I show that in the Anthropology, the cultivation of society is one possibility, while in the Idea for a Universal History, the unsociable sociability plays a role to accomplish a moral end. In Religion, on the other hand, only an ethical community can defeat evil. Since evil has its source in social relations, only a society of virtue can counteract passions. Second, I ask whether we can reconcile religious faith with rational Enlightenment or if some concepts used in Religion, such as radical evil, are only a disguise for anti-Enlightenment conceptions. Finally, I ask if it is reasonable to argue that we should keep religion as an important social practice or if it always brings a higher risk of anti-Enlightenment outcomes such as fanaticism. I analyze the case of Brazil, where the Evangelical church helped to elect a right-wing president with a very conservative and anti-Enlightenment agenda.
Kant’s philosophy as the development of the intentions of enlightenment
Authors: Kalinnikov Leonard A.
Published: March 2023

Ernst Cassirer in hisThe Philosophy of the Enlightenmentwrites of Kant’s overcoming of the Enlightenment yet giving its deepest justification. This justification came in the form of epistemology which transformed the modern worldview, handing its form and content over to science. The medieval theistic worldview had to be cleansed from miracles and mysticism and give way to a scientific worldview. However, the Enlighteners, though initiating this movement, could not follow it through and failed to break the ties to theology. This was true in psychology, epistemology, philosophy of history and religion, law and the state. Kant’s role was to complete this task. His philosophy is built upon the principle of the material unity of the world. This required the creation of transcendental anthropology which resolved the problem of the human being and the natural foundations of reason – the problem that had puzzled the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment. The principle of the material unity of the world is consistently maintained from the firstCritique to the Opus Postumum, making Kant’s system monistic. In order to maintain this unity, Kant had to subordinate formal logic to transcendental logic which made extensive use of the antinomical dialectic, the principle of the relativity of rational thinking, including the relativity of such ideas of reason as object and subject. Kant’s effort resulted in human nature’s being presented as part of the whole of nature, and so the limit of Enlightenment thinking was overcome.
Rousseau and Kant on Freedom
Authors: Ender-Arvid Sven
Published: March 2023

Kantian moral philosophy can be understood as a continuation and improvement of Rousseau’s contractualism. The continuation entails the distinction between two concepts of freedom (freedom from instinct and normative freedom). By using this distinction, Kant manages to define withmore precision the object of moral philosophy and to clarify the purpose behind his reasoning. This is the improvement. To validate the central argument of this thesis, the purpose of the justification and the methodological means of Rousseau’s Second Discourse are reconstructed in the first section. The purpose of the justification consists in supporting the normative basis (as normative freedom) for the Contrat Social. The methodological means consists in a hypothetical developmental history of the human being. Rousseau shows only that this history can only be narrated when the freedom of the human being (as freedom from instinct) is presupposed. Thus the purpose of justification is missed. In the second section I show that Kant uses these two concepts of freedom to determine the object of moral philosophy. Kant distinguishes in his writings between human choice (Willkür) and the pure will (Wille). In the light of this distinction, practical norms must be understood in the form of imperatives.Additionally, this distinction makes it possible to point out the validity of practical norms. These must be unconditional and therefore categorical imperatives. On this basis, the actual goal justifying moral philosophy can be stated as follows: How are categorical imperatives to be justified?
Dogmatic aspects of the Christologies of Kant and St Innocent (Borisov)
Authors: Malyshev Artem
Published: March 2023

In his momentous writing Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason, Kant attempted to conduct a complete rational-idealistic interpretation of traditional dogmatic Christology. The Son of God was represented by Kant as an idea of the good principle mystically existing in the human soul, and the Incarnation of the Son of God as a descent of the good principle into evil human nature. Therefore the Lord Jesus Christ, according to Kant’s representation, should be merely a simple man (an example for human beings) who realised the good principle in his life, becoming a model for us to copy and a proof that we also can realise this principle – having Christ as an example, though on our own, independently, i.e. without having any special ontological relation with Him, and without any other external factors having impact on us. St Innocent (Borisov) was the first thinker in the whole tradition of Russian theology who seriously dealt with the theological opinions of Kant, especially with his rational Christology. St Innocent did not neglect the meaning of Kant’s Christological views, but attempted, firstly, to incorporate their positive roots into traditional Christology and, secondly, to respond to Kant’s “challenge”, i.e. his notion that the doctrine of Christ’s native holiness is not compatible with the view of Him as an example and ideal. The Russian theologian stated that Christ is the Ideal and God Himself. To respond to Kant, he formulated the conception of the gradual manifestation of divinity in Christ.
Kant’s ethical-theological argument for God’s existence in Fyodor Golubinsky’s rational theology
Authors: Rozhin David O.
Published: March 2023

In the philosophy lectures of Fyodor Golubinsky (1797–1854)one can find among others the section “Ethical-theological Argument for God’s Existence according to Kant”. It is interesting that the Russian philosopher and theologian should take this ethical argument from Kant’s philosophy, seeing that it was unpopular at that time. Golubinsky goes as far as to shield Kant’s ethics from charges of egoism and prove that it is oriented against egoism. Kant’s argument for God’s existence is founded only upon his ethics since theoretical reason cannot prove God’s existence, but practical reason can. In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant claims that God is a regulative idea of reason, which has special meaning as a postulate in practical reason. This postulate arises when we speak about the Guarantor that can satisfy the main human requirement – achieving beatitude and, through it, moral perfection. Kant proves this by reasoning from people’s experience, namely that virtue during a person’s lifetime is not rewarded with corresponding happiness. Therefore, the one who can achieve this must exist. Golubinskiy took this reasoning as a proof of God’s existence. At first, he gives a free account whose original source is unknown, and then he gives two quotes from Kant’s works. Here it is important to understand two things: 1) the adequacy of this reception and 2) the source of Golubinsky’s free account. It is necessary therefore to compare Kant’s arguments for God’s existence which are given in his three Critiques with Golubinsky’s free account and try to reach clarity on these points.
On taste as ethical-aesthetic notion in Kant
Authors: Laiho Hemmo
Published: March 2023

It may be that Kant’s inherently communal concept of taste is a morally laden notion that blurs the line between the good and the beautiful, on the one hand, and moral evaluation and aesthetic appreciation, on the other. In particular, it can be shown how, on Kant’s view, moralistic factors, such as considerations of social appropriateness, enter into estimations of aesthetic value. Moreover, Kant’s tendency to overlap taste and morals suggests an underlying assumption operative in Kant’s aesthetics. According to this ‘decency assumption’, as I have termed it, taste is first and foremost a trait of people with certain supposedly refined socio-moral characteristics. Kant also seems to think that having good taste and a morally good character go hand in hand. Even though we do find separate sets of ultimate principles in Kant’s ethics and aesthetics, the aforesaid assumption nevertheless implies a shared ground between these two branches of philosophy and thereby links them tightly together, contrary to the common view that ethics and aesthetics are distinct enterprises. In addition, Kant’s morally laden conception of taste will be shortly examined in relation to the Enlightenment project as Kant saw it and our contemporary world.
Kant on the fine arts: A reply to a social practices objection
Authors: Clewis Robert R.
Published: March 2023

Nicholas Wolterstorff’s book Art Rethought objects to what he calls a now widely accepted “grand narrative” about art, originally proposed during the early modern period. According to this narrative, art came into its own once it was contemplated for its own sake from an aesthetic point of view. Although Kant is a foremost aesthetic theorist from the period in which this narrative took root, Wolterstorff does not directly criticize Kant’s aesthetic theory, choosing to discuss figures such as Karl Philipp Moritz and Wilhelm Wackenroder. I thus formulate an objection broadly based on Wolterstorff’s concerns and apply it to Kant. Roughly, the objection is that Kant’s account focuses too much on the pleasure in disinterested aesthetic contemplation and that it does not sufficiently recognize the social practices of art. I then argue that Kant’s account is able to neutralize the objection for three main reasons. 1) Kant to some extent acknowledges the social functions of art, including veneration and honoring. His notion of adherent beauty provides a way to account for the social functions of the work. 2) Kant’s theory can be expanded to account for social protest art, memorial art, reflexive art and conceptual art. 3) Another basis for recognizing the social functions of art can be derived from Kant’s view of the empirical interest in the beautiful, which is grounded on sociability. In short, Kant holds that aesthetic experiences are important for the cultivation of the social and moral aspects of human beings.
Kant’s anti-naturalism: The foundations of sociability in Max Weber and Sergey Hessen
Authors: Zagirnyak Mikhail
Published: March 2023

The principal claims of Max Weber and Sergey (Sergius) Hessen are an extension of Kant’s anti-naturalistic tendency in ethics, in which an individual acquires his own freedom by actualising the autonomy of will as obedience to a duty. The moral justification of freedom leads to an explanation of the development of mankind as a process of interaction between culture and many individuals. The analyses of the principles of sociability showed the crucial role of the neo-Kantian paradigm in the development of Weber and Hessen’s social philosophy. My task is to analyse the socio-philosophical views of Hessen and Weber to show up affinities in determining the particularity of sociability. The foundation of this comparative study is the affinity in the interpretation of mankind’s progress as a socio-cultural process, which includes a specific functionality of each individual as a co-participant in the formation of culture as an ontology of freedom. Neo-Kantian philosophy of culture can be used as a foundation for identifying trends and interactions in the philosophy of Russia Abroad that were not even previously studied. The results of this investigation make it possible to prove that neo-Kantian ideas led to similar solutions in the works of both European philosophers and Russian émigré philosophers.
The peculiar fate of human reason. Reflections on Kant’s concept of astronomy
Authors: Meer Rudolf
Published: March 2023

The question whether and how Kant can introduce a concept of reason which is compatible with his critical claims of enlightenment is a perennial challenge. This question implies the problem of how reason can be the supreme touchstone of all rights and remedies without being affected by Kant’s despotism-reproach (WA, AA 08: 41). To defend Kant’s concept of reason, I reflect on the astronomy example as introduced in the fourth antinomy. With reference to Jean Jacques Dortous de Mairan, Kant considers a dispute between two astronomers concerning the question whether the moon turns on its own axis or not. Based on his own perspective resolution (i.e. the distinction between the perspective of the sun and the perspective of the earth), Kant presents his distinction between theoretical and practical philosophy. Simultaneously, he develops the possibility of understanding reason in its regulative use as well as in its historical dimension. Consequently, Kant refers to astronomy again in the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”, and explains the historical progress of its underlying assumptions, i.e. the circular, elliptical, hyperbolic and parabolic motion of the courses of planets around the sun. From Kant’s point of view, these theories of movement build foci imaginarii and, for this reason, they are transformable, as the history of astronomy has shown. Regarding these astronomy examples, I argue that reason does not build an Archimedean Point but can fulfil its function as the highest judge in a regulative use.
Kant’s political enlightenment: Free public use of reason as self-discipline
Authors: Pasquarè Roberta
Published: March 2023

According to recent scholarship, Kant’sAn Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?and the introductory section toThe Conflict of the Facultiesare masterpieces of philosophical rhetoric. The philosophical significance of these texts lies in establishing the free public use of reason as a tool to discipline political power through pure practical reason, and the rhetorical mastery consists in presenting the free public use of reason as a means to satisfy the ruler’s pragmatic practical reason. Elaborating on this interpretation, I flesh out three further aspects of the writings in question. First, I examine the four types of arguments that Kant crafts in defence of the public use of reason and show how their pragmatic practical character is fully in keeping with the foundation of politics on pure practical ideas. Second, contrasting Kant’s notion of the public use of reason with the classical liberal conception of free speech, I argue that the distinctive character of Kant’s notion of the public use of reason consists in adding to the liberal demand for freedom from state censorship the requirement of the self-discipline of the participants in the public use of reason. Third, I contend that Kant’s notion of the public use of reason goes beyond a mere non-coercive discursive procedure and conclude that, to qualify as public in the distinctive Kantian sense, publicly presented positions must uphold theoretical and moral criteria informed by critical philosophy.
Kant’s anthropology and political realism
Authors: Zilber Andrey S.
Published: March 2023

An upholder of liberal political values, Kant opposed the tradition of political realism on several levels, one of them the anthropological foundations of politics. Kant’s position was moderate: like liberals, he believed in the evolution of freedom; like conservatives, he underscored the difficulties confronting a person on that way and dissuaded from taking hasty action. Realists deem these difficulties either insurmountable or surmountable to such a modest degree that they will not allow the overcoming of anarchy, uncertainty and the conflict-prone nature of international relations. Some of Kant’s contemporaries criticised his philosophy of politics and law from positions close to political realism and conservatism in the broadest sense. I analyse and compare the arguments on both sides of this controversy. Kant pictured “practitional politicians” who point out the weakness of human nature to justify the wilfulness of rulers’ breach of agreements whilst denying the need for liberal reforms. I demonstrate that the obscurantist and pessimistic views of “practising politicians”, described by Kant, are very close to the arguments put forward by Friedrich von Gentz and August Wilhelm Rehberg, who had openly criticised Kant’s idea that political practice should be orientated towards an abstract theory and optimistic assumptions. Thus Kant responded to their criticism implicitly. Yet, both parties to the debate are universalists: Kant, on the one hand, with his concept of respect for right common to all people, and realists, on the other, with their idea of the moral weakness of humans.
What can Kantian philosophy do for humanity? From Leonard Nelson to phildialogues
Authors: Hanna Robert
Published: March 2023

In this essay, I argue that broadly Kantian philosophy – by which I mean philosophy inspired by Kant’s work, but neither dogmatically restricted to Kant’s own texts nor in any way committed to Kant’s own philosophical errors or personal prejudices – is profoundly relevant to the world of today, insofar as it can promoteradical enlightenment. Radical enlightenment, in turn, is daring to think, write, speak, and freely act for ourselves, not only as individuals but also collectively via our social institutions, in order to change the world for the better. This should be sharply contrasted withenlightenment lite, orshallow enlightenment, which restricts critical thinking to narrowly-defined, coercively controlled social and political norms, according to Frederick the Great’s famous dictum: “argue as much as you like about whatever you like, but obey!” In effect, then, enlightenment lite or shallow enlightenment is nothing but “free thinking” inside a barbed-wire playpen. My argument has three parts. First, from the standpoint of Kantian radical enlightenment, I critically analyze the early twentieth-century neo-Kantian philosopher Leonard Nelson’s account of Socratic dialogical method. Second, I formulate a broadly Kantian, radically-enlightened conception of philosophical conversation,phildialogues, that corresponds constructively to my critical analysis of Nelson’s account. And third and finally, I argue that contemporary Kantian philosophers not onlycanbutshouldimplement and practice phildialogues, for the betterment of humanity.
The ethics of Enlightenment in the foundations of modern science
Authors: Kurakina Olga D.
Published: March 2023

In the Age of Enlightenment, when each person, in the opinion of Kant, was called upon to “think independently”, a transition from the medieval “cult of faith” to the enlightened “cult of reason” was finally formed and the ethical foundations of modern science were laid. The ethos of modern science, as a set of moral imperatives of the scientific community, was reduced in the middle of the twentieth century to a specific set of norms which are currently being challenged in view of the transformation of science into a technological industry, removing the personal responsibility of a scientist for the results of his creativity. The institutionalisation of science in the context of the global world of universal competition leaves the scientist with a choice of “thinking for himself/herself” only through the moral feat of overcoming the evolving corporate system of abandonment of the ethical standards on which the foundations of science were once erected. In place of the ethos of the scientific era of Enlightenment must come the socially responsible ethos of the science of our day, followed by the ethos of Anthropos, which received its most significant development in the theonomic ethics of Russian religious thinkers. The ethics of Enlightenment, in particular the ethics of Kant’s categorical imperative, not only formed the image of modern technological civilisation, thus shaping the moral foundations of modern science, but still remains in demand owing to the boldness of scientific research, approaching the transcendental boundaries of local life which Kant so innovatively substantiated.
Effect of biopsy protocol adherence vs non-adherence on dysplasia detection rates in Barrett’s esophagus surveillance endoscopies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beaufort Ilse , Akkerman Elisabeth , van Munster Sanne , Weusten Bas
Published: March 2023

Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) surveillance endoscopies are advised for early diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Current guidelines recommend obtaining four-quadrant random biopsies every 2 centimeters of BE length alongside with targeted biopsies if visible lesions are present. Low adherence rates for this random biopsy protocol are widely reported. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of adherence versus non-adherence to the four-quadrant biopsy protocol on detection of dysplasia in BE patients.

Methods We searched for studies that reported effects of adherence and non-adherence to the four-quadrant biopsy protocol on dysplasia detection rates in BE patients. Adherence was defined as taking a minimum of 4 quadrant random biopsies per 2 cm of BE segment. Studies with low risk of bias and without applicability concerns were included in a good quality synthesis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of dysplasia detection rates were calculated.

Results A total of 1,570 studies were screened and 8 studies were included. Four studies were included in the good quality synthesis. In the pooled good quality analysis, four-quadrant biopsy protocol adherence significantly increased detection of dysplasia compared to non-adherence (RR 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.36–2.64; I2 = 45 %). Pooled RRs for LGD and HGD/EAC were 2.00 (95 % CI = 1.49–2.69; I2 = 0 %) and 2.03 (95 % CI = 0.98–4.24; I2 = 28 %), respectively.

Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that four-quadrant biopsy protocol adherence is associated with increased detection of dysplasia in BE patients. Efforts should be made to increase biopsy protocol adherence rates.
Regulation of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance and Diabetic
Parameters in Drug Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with
Canagliflozin Monotherapy
Authors: Kutoh Eiji , Kuto Alexandra N. , Ozawa Eri , Kurihara Rumi , Akiyama Midori
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the link between the
baseline/changes of body weight and those of diabetic parameters during
treatment with an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Drug naïve subjects with T2DM
received canagliflozin monotherapy for 3 months. Adipo-IR was selected as the
significant factor responsible for the changes of (Δ)BMI with this drug.
While no correlations were noted between ΔBMI and ΔFBG,
ΔHbA1c, ΔHOMA-R or ΔQUICKI, significant negative
correlations were observed between ΔBMI and Δadipo-IR
(R=−0.308). The subjects were divided into two groups with
baseline BMI<25 (n=31, group alpha) or≥25 (n=39,
group beta). Baseline levels of FBG, HbA1c, T-C, TG, non-HDL-C, LDL-C showed no
differences between group alpha and beta. The subjects were also divided into
two equal numbers of subjects (n=35 each) based on the changes of
weight: the lower half (−3.6%, p<0.00001, group A) and
the upper half (0.1%, n.s., group B) of ∆BMI. FBG, HbA1c or
HOMA-R significantly, similarly decreased, while QUICKI increased in group A and
B. TG significantly decreased, while HDL-C increased in group A. HOMA-B
significantly increased, while adipo-IR insignificantly decreased in group B.
Collectively, these results suggest that 1) adipose tissue insulin resistance is
responsible for the weight changes with canagliflozin. 2) baseline levels of
glycemic and some lipid parameters were similar between obese and non-obese
populations. 3) weight changes with canagliflozin were not associated with its
glycemic or insulin sensitizing efficacies but were linked to adipose-tissue
insulin resistance, some lipids, and beta-cell function.
Toxicity of Propylene Glycol Extract of Propolis on Central Nervous
System and Liver in Pregnant and Neonatal Rats
Authors: Silici Sibel , Okan Aslı , Köklü Betül , Demiray Sevim , Doğanyiğit Züleyha
Published: March 2023

Background Propolis has become one of the most preferred supplements due
to its beneficial biological properties. Organic (water and vegetable oils) and
chemical (ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) solvents are used for
propolis extraction. However, the effects of these chemicals on health should be
taken into account.

Objectives In this study, the effects of propolis extracts on health were
evaluated.

Methods 32 pregnant Wistar albino rats and 64 neonatal/young
adults were given three different extractions of propolis (propylene glycol,
water, and olive oil). Histopathological analyses were performed on the liver
and brain, and blood samples were taken from the hearts of rats.

Results Histopathological scoring showed that the intensity of pycnotic
hepatocyte, sinusoidal dilatation, and bleeding was high in liver samples of
pregnant and baby rats given propylene glycol extract of propolis
(p<0.05). Propylene glycol extract caused dilatation of blood vessels
and apoptosis of neurons in brain tissue. The histopathological score was
significantly lower in liver and brain tissues of rats treated with water and
olive oil extract compared to propylene propolis groups (p<0.05). Liver
enzyme levels in the blood increased in propylene propolis rats
(p<0.05).

Conclusion Histopathological changes and biochemical alterations may
indicate that propylene glycol extracts of propolis are more toxic than olive
oil and water extracts. Therefore, olive oil and water extracts of propolis are
more reliable than propylene glycol extract in pregnant and infant rats.
Schmerzen nach Verwendung eines Chitosan-Neurotubes bei
Medianusverletzung
Authors: Schneider Laura Anna , Horner Verena Kassiopeia , Bonaventura Bastian , Simunovic Filip
Published: March 2023

Falldarstellung

Die Erstvorstellung der 29-jährigen Patientin ohne relevante internistische
Vorerkrankungen erfolgte dreieinhalb Jahre nach einem Stolpersturz in eine
Glasscheibe. Hierbei zog sie sich eine Schnittverletzung beugeseits distal am
rechten Unterarm zu. Bei der Erstversorgung wurde lediglich die durchtrennte
Flexor-carpi-radialis-Sehne adressiert. Die vollständige Durchtrennung des
N. medianus, der langen Daumenbeugesehne und der oberflächlichen Beugesehne
des Mittelfingers (FDS III) wurden erst nach zehn Wochen erkannt, als die Patientin
nach der Ruhigstellung bei der ergotherapeutischen Beübung eine
persistierende Asensibilität im Medianusgebiet einhergehend mit
Neuromschmerzen sowie eine Bewegungseinschränkung des Daumens beklagte.