bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer From a Downward-Facing Finned Surface and Its Effect on Critical Heat Flux
Authors: Khan A. R. , Erkan N. , Okamoto K.
Published: June 2017

During a severe accident, ex-vessel cooling may pose a risk for larger-powered reactors. The current in-vessel retention (IVR) (through ex-vessel cooling) capability may not be sufficient for the larger-powered reactors, and critical heat flux (CHF) conditions may eventually lead to vessel failure. A manner in which the CHF can be increased is by applying a structured surface design on the outer surface of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). A simple design proposed in this work is the pin–fin. An experimental investigation was performed to observe the effect of the pin–fin on CHF with a downward-facing heated surface in flow boiling conditions. A reduced pressure of approximately 0.05 MPa allowed for saturation at approximately 81 °C. A range of flow rates corresponding to mass flux of 202–1456 kg/m2 s were applied in the experiments. The results showed an increase in the CHF when compared to a bare surface. An average CHF enhancement of 61% was observed from the finned surface. An enhancement of approximately 19% was observed in the heat transfer coefficient. As seen in nanoparticle/nanofluid enhancement, an increase in the CHF also leads to an increase in the superheat. Even though an increase in the CHF had been observed, the CHF for the finned and bare surfaces occurred at approximately similar superheat.
Targeting the Homoserine Dehydrogenase of Paracoccidioides Species for Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections
Authors: Bagatin Mariane C. , Pimentel Arethusa L. , Biavatti Débora C. , Basso Ernani A. , Kioshima Erika S. , Seixas Flavio A. V. , Gauze Gisele de F.
Published: June 2017

This work evaluated new potential inhibitors of the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase (HSD) of
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
, one of the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis. The tertiary structure of the protein bonded to the analogue NAD, and
l
-homoserine was modeled by homology. The model with the best output was subjected to gradient minimization, redocking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual screening simulations with 187,841 molecules purchasable from the Zinc database were performed. After the screenings, 14 molecules were selected and analyzed by the use of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity criteria, resulting in four compounds for
in vitro
assays. The molecules HS1 and HS2 were promising, exhibiting MICs of 64 and 32 μg · ml
−1
, respectively, for the Pb18 isolate of
P. brasilensis
, 64 μg · ml
−1
for two isolates of
P. lutzii
, and also synergy with itraconazole. The application of these molecules to human-pathogenic fungi confirmed that the HSD enzyme may be used as a target for the development of drugs with specific action against paracoccidioidomycosis; moreover, these compounds may serve as leads in the design of new antifungals.
Characterization of a Francisella tularensis-Caenorhabditis elegans Pathosystem for the Evaluation of Therapeutic Compounds
Authors: Jayamani Elamparithi , Tharmalingam Nagendran , Rajamuthiah Rajmohan , Coleman Jeffrey J. , Kim Wooseong , Okoli Ikechukwu , Hernandez Ana M. , Lee Kiho , Nau Gerard J. , Ausubel Frederick M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios
Published: June 2017

Francisella tularensisis a highly infectious Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes tularemia. Because of its potential as a bioterrorism agent, there is a need for new therapeutic agents. We therefore developed a whole-animalCaenorhabditis elegans-F. tularensispathosystem for high-throughput screening to identify and characterize potential therapeutic compounds. We found that theC. elegansp38 mitogen-activate protein (MAP) kinase cascade is involved in the immune response toF. tularensis, and we developed a robustF. tularensis-mediatedC. eleganskilling assay with a Z′ factor consistently of >0.5, which was then utilized to screen a library of FDA-approved compounds that included 1,760 small molecules. In addition to clinically used antibiotics, five FDA-approved drugs were also identified as potential hits, including the anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal that showed anti-F. tularensisactivityin vitro. Moreover, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diflunisal, at 4× MIC, blocked the replication of anF. tularensislive vaccine strain (LVS) in primary human macrophages and nonphagocytic cells. Diflunisal was nontoxic to human erythrocytes and HepG2 human liver cells at concentrations of ≥32 μg/ml. Finally, diflunisal exhibited synergetic activity with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in both a checkerboard assay and a macrophage infection assay. In conclusion, the liquidC. elegans-F. tularensisLVS assay described here allows screening for anti-F. tularensiscompounds and suggests that diflunisal could potentially be repurposed for the management of tularemia.
The Candidate Antimalarial Drug MMV665909 Causes Oxygen-Dependent mRNA Mistranslation and Synergizes with Quinoline-Derived Antimalarials
Authors: Vallières Cindy , Avery Simon V.
Published: June 2017

To cope with growing resistance to current antimalarials, new drugs with novel modes of action are urgently needed. Molecules targeting protein synthesis appear to be promising candidates. We identified a compound (MMV665909) from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Malaria Box of candidate antimalarials that could produce synergistic growth inhibition with the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin, suggesting a possible action of the compound in mRNA mistranslation. This mechanism of action was substantiated with a
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
model using available reporters of mistranslation and other genetic tools. Mistranslation induced by MMV665909 was oxygen dependent, suggesting a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overexpression of Rli1 (a ROS-sensitive, conserved FeS protein essential in mRNA translation) rescued inhibition by MMV665909, consistent with the drug's action on translation fidelity being mediated through Rli1. The MMV drug also synergized with major quinoline-derived antimalarials which can perturb amino acid availability or promote ROS stress: chloroquine, amodiaquine, and primaquine. The data collectively suggest translation fidelity as a novel target of antimalarial action and support MMV665909 as a promising drug candidate.
Meropenem-Vaborbactam Tested against Contemporary Gram-Negative Isolates Collected Worldwide during 2014, Including Carbapenem-Resistant, KPC-Producing, Multidrug-Resistant, and Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Huband Michael D. , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Flamm Robert K.
Published: June 2017

We evaluated the activity of meropenem-vaborbactam against contemporary nonfastidious Gram-negative clinical isolates, including
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates with resistance phenotypes and carbapenemase genotypes. Meropenem-vaborbactam (inhibitor at 8 μg/ml) and comparators were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods against 14,304 Gram-negative clinical isolates collected worldwide during 2014. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were screened by PCR and sequencing. Meropenem-vaborbactam (MIC
50/90
, ≤0.015/0.06 μg/ml) inhibited 99.1 and 99.3% of the 10,426
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates tested at ≤1 and ≤2 μg/ml, respectively. Meropenem inhibited 97.3 and 97.7% of these isolates at the same concentrations. Against
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates displaying carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) (
n
= 265), multidrug-resistant (MDR) (
n
= 1,210), and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (
n
= 161) phenotypes, meropenem-vaborbactam displayed MIC
50/90
values of 0.5/32, 0.03/1, and 0.5/32 μg/ml, respectively, whereas meropenem activities were 16/>32, 0.06/32, and 0.5/32 μg/ml, respectively. Among all geographic regions, the highest meropenem-vaborbactam activities were observed for CRE and MDR isolates from the United States (MIC
50/90
, 0.03/1 and 0.03/0.12 μg/ml, respectively). Meropenem-vaborbactam was very active against 135 KPC producers, and all isolates were inhibited by concentrations of ≤8 μg/ml (133 isolates by concentrations of ≤2 μg/ml). This combination had limited activity against isolates producing metallo-β-lactamases (including 25 NDM-1 and 16 VIM producers) and/or oxacillinases (27 OXA-48/OXA-163 producers) that were detected mainly in Asia-Pacific and some European countries. The activity of meropenem-vaborbactam was similar to that of meropenem alone against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Acinetobacter
spp., and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
. Meropenem-vaborbactam was active against contemporary
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates collected worldwide, and this combination demonstrated enhanced activity compared to those of meropenem and most comparator agents against CRE isolates and KPC producers, the latter of which are often MDR.
Characterization of the Activities of Dinuclear Thiolato-Bridged Arene Ruthenium Complexes against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Basto Afonso P. , Müller Joachim , Rubbiani Riccardo , Stibal David , Giannini Federico , Süss-Fink Georg , Balmer Vreni , Hemphill Andrew , Gasser Gilles , Furrer Julien
Published: June 2017

The
in vitro
effects of 18 dinuclear thiolato-bridged arene ruthenium complexes (1 monohiolato compound, 4 dithiolato compounds, and 13 trithiolato compounds), originally designed as anticancer agents, on the apicomplexan parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
grown in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cells were studied. Some trithiolato compounds exhibited antiparasitic efficacy at concentrations of 250 nM and below. Among those, complex 1 and complex 2 inhibited
T. gondii
proliferation with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) of 34 and 62 nM, respectively, and they did not affect HFFs at dosages of 200 μM or above, resulting in selectivity indices of >23,000. The IC
50
s of complex 9 were 1.2 nM for
T. gondii
and above 5 μM for HFFs. Transmission electron microscopy detected ultrastructural alterations in the matrix of the parasite mitochondria at the early stages of treatment, followed by a more pronounced destruction of tachyzoites. However, none of the three compounds applied at 250 nM for 15 days was parasiticidal. By affinity chromatography using complex 9 coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose followed by mass spectrometry,
T. gondii
translation elongation factor 1α and two ribosomal proteins, RPS18 and RPL27, were identified to be potential binding proteins. In conclusion, organometallic ruthenium complexes exhibit promising activities against
Toxoplasma
, and the potential mechanisms of action of these compounds as well as their prospective applications for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are discussed.
Identification and Characterization of Two Klebsiella pneumoniae
lpxL
Lipid A Late Acyltransferases and Their Role in Virulence
Authors: Mills Grant , Dumigan Amy , Kidd Timothy , Hobley Laura , Bengoechea José A.
Published: June 2017

Klebsiella pneumoniae
causes a wide range of infections, from urinary tract infections to pneumonia. The lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of this pathogen, although there are gaps in our understanding of its biosynthesis. Here we report on the characterization of
K. pneumoniae
lpxL
, which encodes one of the enzymes responsible for the late secondary acylation of immature lipid A molecules. Analysis of the available
K. pneumoniae
genomes revealed that this pathogen's genome encodes two orthologues of
Escherichia coli
LpxL. Using genetic methods and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that LpxL1 catalyzes the addition of laureate and LpxL2 catalyzes the addition of myristate. Both enzymes acylated
E. coli
lipid A, whereas only LpxL2 mediated
K. pneumoniae
lipid A acylation. We show that LpxL1 is negatively regulated by the two-component system PhoPQ. The lipid A produced by the
lpxL2
mutant lacked the 2-hydroxymyristate, palmitate, and 4-aminoarabinose decorations found in the lipid A synthesized by the wild type. The lack of 2-hydroxymyristate was expected since LpxO modifies the myristate transferred by LpxL2 to the lipid A. The absence of the other two decorations is most likely caused by the downregulation of
phoPQ
and
pmrAB
expression. LpxL2-dependent lipid A acylation protects
Klebsiella
from polymyxins, mediates resistance to phagocytosis, limits the activation of inflammatory responses by macrophages, and is required for pathogen survival in the wax moth (
Galleria mellonella
). Our findings indicate that the LpxL2 contribution to virulence is dependent on LpxO-mediated hydroxylation of the LpxL2-transferred myristate. Our studies suggest that LpxL2 might be a candidate target in the development of anti-
K. pneumoniae
drugs.
NanR Regulates
nanI
Sialidase Expression by Clostridium perfringens F4969, a Human Enteropathogenic Strain
Authors: Li Jihong , Evans Daniel R. , Freedman John C. , McClane Bruce A.
Published: June 2017

Clostridium perfringens
can produce up to three different sialidases, including NanI, its major exosialidase. The current study first showed that human intestinal strains of
C. perfringens
can grow by utilizing either glucose or sialic acids, such as
N
-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), which are the end products of sialidase activity. For the human enteropathogenic strain F4969, it was then determined that culture supernatant sialidase activity and expression of exosialidase genes, particularly
nanI
, are influenced by the presence of Neu5Ac or glucose. Low Neu5Ac concentrations increased culture supernatant sialidase activity, largely by stimulating
nanI
transcription. In contrast, low glucose concentrations did not affect exosialidase activity or
nanI
transcription. However, either high Neu5Ac or high glucose concentrations repressed F4969 culture supernatant sialidase activity and
nanI
transcription levels. Furthermore, high glucose levels repressed F4969 culture sialidase activity and
nanI
expression even in the presence of low Neu5AC concentrations. To begin to evaluate the mechanistic basis for
nanI
expression, a
nanR
null mutant was used to demonstrate that NanR, a member of the RpiR family of regulatory proteins, decreases exosialidase activity and
nanI
transcription in the absence of sialic acid. The ability of
C. perfringens
to regulate its exosialidase activity, largely by controlling
nanI
expression, may affect intestinal pathogenesis by affecting the production of NanI, which may affect
C. perfringens
growth, adhesion, and toxin binding
in vivo
.
Host and Pathogen Copper-Transporting P-Type ATPases Function Antagonistically during Salmonella Infection
Authors: Ladomersky Erik , Khan Aslam , Shanbhag Vinit , Cavet Jennifer S. , Chan Jefferson , Weisman Gary A. , Petris Michael J.
Published: June 2017

Copper is an essential yet potentially toxic trace element that is required by all aerobic organisms. A key regulator of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells is the copper-transporting P-type ATPase ATP7A, which mediates copper transport from the cytoplasm into the secretory pathway, as well as copper export across the plasma membrane. Previous studies have shown that ATP7A-dependent copper transport is required for killing phagocytosed
Escherichia coli
in a cultured macrophage cell line. In this investigation, we expanded on these studies by generating
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice, in which the
Atp7a
gene was specifically deleted in cells of the myeloid lineage, including macrophages. Primary macrophages isolated from
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice exhibit decreased copper transport into phagosomal compartments and a reduced ability to kill
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium compared to that of macrophages isolated from wild-type mice. The
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice were also more susceptible to systemic infection by
S
. Typhimurium than wild-type mice. Deletion of the
S
. Typhimurium copper exporters, CopA and GolT, was found to decrease infection in wild-type mice but not in the
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice. These studies suggest that ATP7A-dependent copper transport into the phagosome mediates host defense against
S
. Typhimurium, which is counteracted by copper export from the bacteria via CopA and GolT. These findings reveal unique and opposing functions for copper transporters of the host and pathogen during infection.
Effect of tolbutamide on tetraethylammonium-induced postsynaptic zinc signals at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses
Authors: Bastos Fatima C. , Corceiro Vanessa N. , Lopes Sandra A. , de Almeida José G. , Matias Carlos M. , Dionisio Jose C. , Mendes Paulo J. , Sampaio dos Aidos Fernando D.S. , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M. , Quinta-Ferreira M. Emilia
Published: June 2017

The application of tetraethylammonium (TEA), a blocker of voltage-dependent potassium channels, can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) in the synaptic systems CA3–CA1 and mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. In the mossy fibers, the depolarization evoked by extracellular TEA induces a large amount of glutamate and also of zinc release. It is considered that zinc has a neuromodulatory role at the mossy fiber synapses, which can, at least in part, be due to the activation of presynaptic ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels. The aim of this work was to study properties of TEA-induced zinc signals, detected at the mossy fiber region, using the permeant form of the zinc indicator Newport Green. The application of TEA caused a depression of those signals that was partially blocked by the KATP channel inhibitor tolbutamide. After the removal of TEA, the signals usually increased to a level above baseline. These results are in agreement with the idea that intense zinc release during strong synaptic events triggers a negative feedback action. The zinc depression, caused by the LTP-evoking chemical stimulation, turns into potentiation after TEA washout, suggesting the existence of a correspondence between the observed zinc potentiation and TEA-evoked mossy fiber LTP.
Altered acrylic acid concentrations in hard and soft corals exposed to deteriorating water conditions
Authors: Westmoreland Lori S.H. , Niemuth Jennifer N. , Gracz Hanna S. , Stoskopf Michael K.
Published: June 2017

A reliable marker of early coral response to environmental stressors can help guide decision-making to mitigate global coral reef decline by detecting problems before the development of clinically observable disease. We document the accumulation of acrylic acid in two divergent coral taxa, stony small polyp coral ( Acropora sp.) and soft coral ( Lobophytum sp.), in response to deteriorating water quality characterized by moderately increased ammonia (0.25 ppm) and phosphate (0.15 ppm) concentrations and decreased calcium (360 ppm) concentration, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques. Changes in acrylic acid concentration in polyp tissues free of zooxanthellae suggest that acrylic acid could be a product of animal metabolism and not exclusively a metabolic by-product of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in marine algae or bacteria. Our findings build on previously documented depletions of acrylic acid in wild coral potentially correlated to temperature stress and provide additional insight into approaches to further characterize the nature of the metabolic accumulation of acrylic acid under controlled experimental conditions.
Trade brokerage property of industrial sectors on the global value chain
Authors: Xing Lizhi , Xu Xiaoyu , Guan Jun , Dong Xianlei
Published: June 2017

ICIO data have proven itself to be a reliable source for the analysis of economic globalization, with which sectors all over the world could be constructed into a sophisticated GVC, bringing the advantages of simultaneous study on international and domestic economies in detail as a holistic network. This paper uses OECD–WTO TiVA data to set up GIVCN-TiVA networks as the general analytical framework, depicting the transferring process of intermediate goods among sectors of various countries/regions. Secondly, the conception of brokerage roles in SNA has been adopted to redefine sector’s function while linkage exists between its upstream providers and downstream consumers, referred to as “Trade Brokerage Property”, as well as to quantify the ratio of each types of the roles. Thirdly, a set of simulations have been defined to testify the contribution that different TBPs incur to the robustness of global economic system. Finally, analyses on TBPs and NTBPs have been carried out in the levels of industry and country/region, respectively.
Magneto-Elastic Combination Resonance of Rotating Circular Plate with Varying Speed Under Alternating Load
Authors: Yuda Hu , Zhe Li , Guojun Du , Yanan Wang
Published: June 2017

Nonlinear magneto-elastic combined resonance of parametric and forced excitations is investigated for a rotating circular plate with a variable speed under alternating load. According to the magneto-elastic vibration equations of a conductive rotating thin circular plate, the axisymmetric vibration differential equations of the rotating circular plate under transverse magnetic field are obtained through the application of the Galerkin integral method. The method of multiple scales is applied to solve the differential equations of the circular plate under alternating magnetic field, and the resonance states of the system under combined parametric and forced excitations are obtained by analyzing secular terms. The respective amplitude–frequency response equations are also derived, as well as the necessary and sufficient conditions of the system to make it stable. A numerical method is adopted to acquire amplitude–frequency response curves, bifurcation diagrams of amplitude and the variation pattern of amplitude with magnetic induction intensity and radial force. The influence of parameter variation on stability of the system is also investigated. Based on the global bifurcation diagram of the system, the influence of the change of bifurcation parameters on the system dynamics is discussed.
Dielectric relaxation and modulus spectroscopy analysis of (Na0.47 K0.47 Li0.06) NbO3 ceramics
Authors: Shamim Md Kashif , Sharma Seema , Sinha Sangeeta , Nasreen Eqra
Published: June 2017

We have investigated the structure, dielectric and electrical properties of lead-free polycrystalline (Na[Formula: see text] K[Formula: see text] Li[Formula: see text]) NbO3 ceramics as a function of temperature and frequency in order to understand the intrinsic contribution of grain/bulk and grain boundary effects toward the dielectric response as well as the electrical conduction mechanism in the samples fabricated by microwave sintering method. X-ray diffraction analysis exhibits perovskite structure with orthorhombic symmetry, which is well supported by the Raman spectroscopic analysis. A minor secondary impurity phase of tungsten bronze structure was observed for samples sintered at 1050[Formula: see text]C, which gets weaker for samples sintered at 1150[Formula: see text]C. Dielectric permittivity was enhanced by 50%, although there was a reduction in the dielectric loss by about 50% at Curie temperature (450[Formula: see text]C) for samples sintered at 1150[Formula: see text]C. Complex impedance spectroscopic analysis indicated non-Debye-type dielectric relaxation present in the samples, and this phenomenon followed thermally activated process related to hopping mechanism. Nyquist plot showed the negative temperature coefficient of resistance, characteristic of the samples.
Redox-Based Regulation of Bacterial Development and Behavior
Authors: Sporer Abigail J. , Kahl Lisa J. , Price-Whelan Alexa , Dietrich Lars E.P.
Published: June 2017

Severe changes in the environmental redox potential, and resulting alterations in the oxidation states of intracellular metabolites and enzymes, have historically been considered negative stressors, requiring responses that are strictly defensive. However, recent work in diverse organisms has revealed that more subtle changes in the intracellular redox state can act as signals, eliciting responses with benefits beyond defense and detoxification. Changes in redox state have been shown to influence or trigger chromosome segregation, sporulation, aerotaxis, and social behaviors, including luminescence as well as biofilm establishment and dispersal. Connections between redox state and complex behavior allow bacteria to link developmental choices with metabolic state and coordinate appropriate responses. Promising future directions for this area of study include metabolomic analysis of species- and condition-dependent changes in metabolite oxidation states and elucidation of the mechanisms whereby the redox state influences circadian regulation.
Uso do Registro Audiovisual em uma Oficina de Música para Crianças com Autismo
Authors: Avila Daniel Camparo
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo se vale da análise de uma oficina de música oferecida a crianças com autismo, destinada a discutir o uso do registro audiovisual. Primeiramente, os procedimentos empregados nas sessões e a metodologia de registro e análise são detalhados. Em seguida, a análise de um segmento registrado é apresentada, ilustrando os resultados gerais da pesquisa. Questões relativas às dimensões terapêuticas da música são enfatizadas, junto com uma discussão sobre a relação entre música e subjetividade, destacando as contribuições dadas pela etnomusicologia. Por fim, considerações são tecidas sobre o uso do registro audiovisual e as metodologias de análise, além das principais conclusões obtidas.
Da materialidade sufocante ao corpo informatizado: uma dança em espiral entre corporalidade e existência ciborgue a partir de uma análise antropológica do filme Gattaca
Authors: Rauber-Baio Halina , Ahlert Martina
Published: June 2017

Pretende-se, neste artigo, tecer algumas das possíveis relações entre corpo e tecnologia no filme de ficção científica Gattaca, a partir de certos debates antropológicos contemporâneos sobre o corpo. Para tentar deixar mais nítidas tais relações e seus entrecruzamentos, questionamos quais representações e discursos sobre corporalidade são apresentadas em Gattaca, dando ênfase à informatização dos corpos que opera no contexto do filme e a associando às ideias de Donna Haraway e David Le Breton. Como veremos, por mais que, em um primeiro momento as perspectivas desses autores pareçam opostas, suas lógicas de pensamento, em alguns casos, caminham em paralelo.
A Geodiversidade do Município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil: Valores e Ameaças
Authors: Covello Cristina , Horn Filho Norberto Olmiro , Brilha José
Published: June 2017

Devido a uma paisagem cênica única, o município de Florianópolis atrai milhares de turistas e um crescente número de novos moradores. Entretanto, mesmo com 45% do território definido como Área de Preservação Permanente, a diversidade de ecossistemas e de patrimônio natural está sendo degradada devido à construção de infraestruturas urbano-turísticas, o que vem provocando também a perda de geodiversidade, ainda pouco reconhecida pela sociedade. A geodiversidade refere-se à variedade de elementos geológicos e geomorfológicos de um território, que são produto e registro da evolução da Terra. Para fundamentar a necessidade da sua gestão, este artigo teve como objetivo identificar a geodiversidade de Florianópolis, assim como os seus valores e ameaças, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de trabalho de campo. A geodiversidade do município é enquadrada por duas unidades/domínios geológico-geomorfológico principais: o embasamento cristalino (rochas graníticas intrudidas por diques de diabásio) e o domínio das planícies costeiras (com uma dinâmica recente desenvolvidas em ambientes continental e transicional). Como valores foram identificados o econômico, cultural, funcional, educativo e científico. As ameaças consistem em erosão costeira, construção de aterros para a criação de infraestruturas urbanas, contaminação do solo e erosão em trilhas. Através do balanço entre os valores e ameaças identificadas sobre a geodiversidade do município de Florianópolis, verifica-se a necessidade urgente de implementação de estratégias de geoconservação e de gestão ambiental por parte do município, tendo em conta a pressão antrópica crescente neste território.
Condicionantes Morfológicos e Geológicos dos Escorregamentos Rasos na Bacia do Rio Santo Antônio, Caraguatatuba/SP
Authors: Dias Helen Cristina , Dias Vivian Cristina , Vieira Bianca Carvalho
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a influência dos parâmetros morfológicos e geológicos na ocorrência de escorregamentos na bacia hidrográfica do Santo Antônio, intensamente afetada por escorregamentos e corridas de detritos durante o verão de 1966/1967. Para a confecção dos mapas morfológicos e geológicos, foram utilizados respectivamente, um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) obtido do sistema LiDAR, e o mapa geológico digitalizado em escala 1:50.000. A partir disso, foi realizada uma análise integrada dos parâmetros em conjunto com as cicatrizes de escorregamentos, mapeadas a partir de fotografias aéreas e ortofotos de 1973. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros indicaram maior suscetibilidade a escorregamentos nas encostas côncavas com inclinação > 30°. Desta maneira, foi possível verificar as classes preferenciais para ocorrência de escorregamentos na bacia do Santo Antônio, sendo este um fator essencial para futuros mapeamentos de áreas de risco no município.
Espacialização de Inundações na Foz do Rio Jacuí por NDWI e Reclass em Episódios de El Niño
Authors: Valente Pedro Teixeira , Aquino Francisco Eliseu , Schossler Venisse
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho visa espacializar as áreas de inundação da foz do rio Jacuí durante a ocorrência de dois eventos extremos de precipitação, em episódios de El Niño (setembro de 1987 e setembro de 2009) por meio de duas técnicas de delimitação de alvos no software IDRISI Selva 17: NDWI e Reclass. Foi observado que as enchentes não estão diretamente relacionadas a eventos de El Niño e, apesar do fenômeno influenciar na precipitação do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), os fatores locais como a topografia e o próprio regime de precipitação originam estas anomalias. Por fim, foi feita uma comparação dos dois eventos, onde se observa que a enchente de 2009 alagou uma área maior que a de 1987, sendo 435 e 368 km², respectivamente. A provável razão do aumento da área alagada foi o crescimento do cultivo de arroz nas regiões situadas na jusante do Jacuí, que diminui as áreas úmidas, removendo as barreiras de contenção do rio. O estudo foi feito através de imagens Landsat 5 – TM. Os mapas foram elaborados nos softwares ArcGis 10.2 e IDRISI Selva. Também foi observada neste trabalho a relação das cheias com as plantações que contornam a margem do Jacuí, arroz em sua grande maioria.
Influência da Topografia e Uso da Terra na Variação dos Elementos Climáticos em Belo Horizonte, Ibirité, Sete Lagoas e Conceição do Mato Dentro – MG: O Segmento Temporal Entre 11 a 23/09/2016
Authors: Silva Marina Rozendo , Jardim Carlos Henrique
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as interações entre topografia e uso da terra nas variações de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e sua contribuição na formação de subunidades climáticas. A área de estudo abrange os municípios de Belo Horizonte, Ibirité, Sete Lagoas e Conceição do Mato Dentro (Minas Gerais-Brasil). Foram utilizados dados oriundos de séries temporais de estações meteorológicas e dados recolhidos em campo, cuja análise permitiu identificar possível distinção quanto à hierarquia na escala de influência dos fatores que organizam os climas nas localidades indicadas, variando desde a ação de sistemas atmosféricos em mesoescala até atributos pontuais de origem natural e antrópica em microescala.
Gestão ambiental de unidades de conservação: uma análise do parque municipal de Mucugê-Bahia
Authors: Santos Kezia Andrade dos , Oliveira Junior Israel De , Pedreira Philipe Damasceno , Santos Nerivaldo Afonso
Published: June 2017

O processo de relação sociedade-natureza diante da racionalidade econômica ocidental materializa a degradação ambiental em diferentes escalas geográficas. As problemáticas evidenciadas expressam a necessidade de se debruçar cientificamente sobre as políticas voltadas à sustentabilidade. As unidades de conservação configuram-se como caminho para efetivar a sustentabilidade, ao possibilitar discussões em torno de ideais preservacionistas e conservacionistas. Com isso, buscou-se, nessa pesquisa, abordar sobre a função espacial das unidades de conservação e gestão ambiental, na perspectiva de dialogar com os ideais de sustentabilidade. O contexto espacial de aplicabilidade de conhecimento correspondeu ao Parque Municipal de Mucugê, situado no município de Mucugê-BA, nas imediações do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina. Os resultados dos estudos foram obtidos a partir da revisão da literatura especializada sobre unidades de conservação e gestão ambiental, além da realização de atividades em campo, pela qual buscou-se entender os estados ambientais associados às políticas de implantação do parque municipal. Identificou-se que a fundação do Parque Municipal de Mucugê atendeu os trâmites legais de implantação das unidades de conservação e a gestão ambiental tem conduzido a configuração de políticas de sustentabilidade, denotadas nos prêmios nacionais obtidos e na recomposição de ambientes deteriorados pelas atividades garimpeiras e pela extração da Comanthera mucugensis.
Cardiovascular Health and Incident Hypertension in Blacks
Authors: Booth John N. , Abdalla Marwah , Tanner Rikki M. , Diaz Keith M. , Bromfield Samantha G. , Tajeu Gabriel S. , Correa Adolfo , Sims Mario , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Bress Adam P. , Spruill Tanya M. , Shimbo Daichi , Muntner Paul
Published: June 2017

Several modifiable health behaviors and health factors that comprise the Life’s Simple 7—a cardiovascular health metric—have been associated with hypertension risk. We determined the association between cardiovascular health and incident hypertension in JHS (the Jackson Heart Study)—a cohort of blacks. We analyzed participants without hypertension or cardiovascular disease at baseline (2000–2004) who attended ≥1 follow-up visit in 2005 to 2008 or 2009 to 2012 (n=1878). Body mass index, physical activity, diet, cigarette smoking, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, and fasting glucose were assessed at baseline and categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor using the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 definitions. Incident hypertension was defined at the first visit wherein a participant had systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or self-reported taking antihypertensive medication. The percentage of participants with ≤1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ideal Life’s Simple 7 components was 6.5%, 22.4%, 34.4%, 25.2%, 10.0%, and 1.4%, respectively. No participants had 7 ideal components. During follow-up (median, 8.0 years), 944 (50.3%) participants developed hypertension, including 81.3% with ≤1 and 11.1% with 6 ideal components. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension comparing participants with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 versus ≤1 ideal component were 0.80 (0.61–1.03), 0.58 (0.45–0.74), 0.30 (0.23–0.40), 0.26 (0.18–0.37), and 0.10 (0.03–0.31), respectively (
P
trend <0.001). This association was present among participants with baseline systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg and separately systolic BP 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 to 89 mm Hg. Blacks with better cardiovascular health have lower hypertension risk.
String-pulling in Martin’s spot-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans martini): evidence of physical continuity understanding
Authors: Chaves Molina Adriano Bruno , Colell Mimó Montserrat
Published: June 2017

In this study we tested an adult female Martin’s spot-nosed monkey in several configurations of the string-pulling paradigm, including six different discrimination problems of patterned strings. Our subject solved almost all of the problems presented. Although she seemed to have a spatial preference in the most complex tasks, she maintained a high success rate in almost all of them. She also showed goal-directed behaviour that was not strictly based on visual feedback. Although more research is needed to understand better the subject’s performance, we conclude that she showed clear signs of understanding physical continuity, and some degree of understanding of connectedness and causal relationships.
Factors influencing deceptive behaviours in Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana)
Authors: Canteloup Charlotte , Poitrasson Isis , Anderson James R. , Poulin Nicolas , Meunier Hélène
Published: June 2017

The complex social environments of primates create opportunities for engaging in tactical deception, especially for subordinate individuals. We analysed the behaviour of subordinate Tonkean macaques with dominant conspecifics in an experimental food competition context. The subordinate macaque could see two pieces of food in a test area, but only one piece was visible to the dominant. Both individuals were released into the test area at the same time or with the subordinate given a short head start on the dominant. Here, based on video analysis of the subordinates’ behaviours, we describe and classify functionally deceptive behaviours displayed by subordinates, and report factors that influenced these behaviours. Subordinates used several types of tactical deception, including concealment and distraction, especially when paired with competitors of much higher social rank, and they obtained the hidden food more frequently when they used a combination of tactics rather than only one.
Editorial Introduction: War Veterans and Fascism
Authors: Mennen Kristian , van Meurs Wim
Published: June 2017

This special issue of the journal Fascism draws its inspiration from recent developments in the research areas of war studies, cultural history of the First World War, research on political culture and on (international) civil society in historical perspective. It aims to review the approaches and considerations of recent studies about World War veterans and their veterans’ organisations for selected European countries in the interwar period. The articles in this themed issue will contribute to an improved insight into the history of fascism and the backgrounds of fascist movements. This introduction will present the general direction of the themed issue and a broad outline of the dominant questions and concerns. It presents recent developments across a broad range of new approaches and perspectives on the history of the interwar period, before outlining the research area of veterans’ organisations and the general questions and problems which this themed issue will be considering.
War Veterans, Demobilization and Political Activism: Greater Romania in Comparison
Authors: Iordachi Constantin , Sciarrino Blasco
Published: June 2017

This article aims to further problematize the relationship between patterns of demobilization, fascism and veterans’ activism, on several inter-related counts. We argue that the relationship between fascism and war veterans was not a fixed nexus, but the outcome of a complex political constellation of socio-economic and political factors that necessitates a case-by-case in-depth discussion. Also, we argue that these factors were both national and transnational in nature. Finally, we contend that researchers need to employ a synchronic as well as a diachronic perspective, thus accounting for various stages and forms of mobilization of war veterans over time. To substantiate these claims, the current article focuses on a relevant but largely neglected case study: the demobilization of soldiers and war veterans’ political activism in interwar Romania. It is argued that, contrary to assumptions in historiography, demobilization in Romania was initially successful. Veterans’ mobilization to fascism intensified only in mid-to late 1930s, stimulated by the Great Depression, leading to a growing ideological polarization and the political ascension of the fascist Legion of ‘Archangel Michael’. To better grasp the specificities of this case study, the concluding section of the article compares it to patterns of veterans’ activism in postwar Italy.
A revision of the genus Pleurozia (Marchantiophyta: Pleuroziaceae) in Thailand and little known morphological features of the genus
Authors: SUKKHARAK PHIANGPHAK
Published: June 2017

A revision of the liverwort genus Pleurozia in Thailand leads to the recognition of three species including P. acinosa (Mitt.) Trevis., P. gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb. and P. subinflata (Austin) Austin. Each species is described and illustrated, with details on ecology and distribution as well as a key to the species. In addition, an appendage on the keel of the dorsal lobule is described in P. gigantea and P. subinflata.
A new species of Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) endemic to the pumices of the Ticsani Volcano in Moquegua, South Peru
Authors: MONTESINOS-TUBÉE DANIEL B. , TRINIDAD HUBER , CHICALLA-RIOS KENT J.
Published: June 2017

A new species of the genus Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) belonging to S. ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi is described from the pumices of the Ticsani Volcano, central-eastern part of the Moquegua Department in southern Peru. The new species differs from S. moqueguensis by its longer indumentum, different leaf shape and size, wider involucres, narrower calycular bracts, a greater number of phyllaries per capitula, and shorter pappus. A table with the morphological comparison with other species of Senecio is provided and the conservation status of the new species is assessed.
Bromeliad Flora of Chiapas State, Mexico: Richness and Distribution
Authors: ESPEJO-SERNA ADOLFO , LÓPEZ-FERRARI ANA ROSA , MARTÍNEZ-CORREA NANCY , PULIDO-ESPARZA VALERIA ANGÉLICA
Published: June 2017

The current knowledge of the Bromeliad Flora of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is presented. Based on the study of 5,495 herbarium specimens corresponding to 3,233 collections, and in a detailed bibliographic revision, we conclude that the currently known Bromeliad Flora of Chiapas comprises 133 species and 14 genera. With 21 endemic taxa, corresponding to the genera Hechtia (1 sp.), Pitcairnia (7 spp.), and Tillandsia (13 spp.), Chiapas occupies the second place in endemism after Oaxaca. The catalog of the species, as well as generic and specific identification keys, and distribution maps of all taxa are included.
Chionanthus chrysopetalus (Oleaceae), a New Species from Peru
Authors: LOMBARDI JULIO ANTONIO
Published: June 2017

Chionanthus is a genus from the plant family Oleaceae that is characterized by the presence of small calyces, 4-lobed corollas with petals arranged in pairs and held together by the filament bases, less commonly with a very short tube, two stamens in most species, and drupaceous fruits. As part of ongoing taxonomic studies of the Neotropical Oleaceae, we detected an undescribed species from Peru, that is here described and illustrated. Chionanthus chrysopetalus Cornejo ex Lombardi resembles C. implicatus and C. compactus, two species from northwestern South America, by the elliptic leaves. However, C. chrysopetalus can be separated by both taxa by the hispidulous indument, and yellow corollas, unusual features within the genus. In this study, I present a detailed description for the new taxon, notes on the phenology, geographic distribution, habitat, conservation status, and etymology.
Validation of the name Anemone pendulisepala (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: SON DONG CHAN , LEE DONG-HYUK , CHANG KAE SUN
Published: June 2017

Anemone pendulisepala Lee (2003: 2), a species endemic to Korea, has been widely recognized in taxonomic literature (e.g. Lee 2006, Lee et al. 2006, 2012, Oh et al. 2016). However, its name was not validly published by Lee (2003), because, contrary to Art. 40.7 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), he did not indicate the herbarium in which the type was conserved.
Ciało i świętość. Przypadek XIX-wiecznych świętych starców rosyjskich
Authors: Grygiel Szymon
Published: June 2017

The body and the sanctity. The case of the 19th-century Russian holy startsyThe article considers references to the body appearing in selected texts concerning 19thcentury Russian holy startsy. Three conditions of a holy man’s body are discussed: living, immediately after death and as relics. The body plays an important role in creating the image of holiness of startsy during their lifetime. In the chapter The Breath of Corruption in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Brothers Karamazov, the sacred status of starets Zosima’s dead body is cancelled by the crowd’s interpretation of his body’s putrefaction as judgment of God refuting the holiness of the deceased monk. This, in turn, allows for a discrediting the life of the starets. Mirroring the events of Dostoyevsky’s novel, the dead body of a monk became subject of dispute shortly before the canonization of the starets Seraphim of Sarov in 1903. Drawing on the commonness of the view identifying putrefaction of the body with profanity, a Petersburg anti-Orthodox association sought to discredit the Russian Orthodox Church by demanding that the coffin of Seraphim of Sarov is reopened. The answer of Antonius, the Metropolitan of Petersburg, was an article, in which he argued that inviolability of the body was not a necessary condition of holiness. During the canonization, the adored relics of Saint Seraphim were used by the state power to strengthen the bond between Tsar Nicholas II and the people.  Ciało i świętość. Przypadek XIX-wiecznych świętych starców rosyjskichArtykuł rozważa odniesienia do ciała pojawiające się w wybranych tekstach dotyczących XIX-wiecznych rosyjskich świętych starców. Zostały w nim omówione trzy stany ciała świętego: za życia, tuż po śmierci oraz w postaci relikwii. Ciało odgrywa ważną rolę w kreowaniu obrazu świętości starców podczas ich życia. W rozdziale Odór trupi w powieści Bracia Karamazow Fiodora Dostojewskiego sakralny status martwego ciała starca Zosimy zostaje unieważniony przez zgromadzony tłum poprzez zinterpretowanie gnicia ciała jako wyroku bożego przeczącego świętości zmarłego. Dzięki temu możliwa jest dyskredytacja osoby starca za życia. Podobnie jak w powieści Dostojewskiego ciało zmarłego mnicha stało się przedmiotem sporu niedługo przed kanonizacją starca Serafina z Sarowa w 1903 roku. Powszechność poglądu utożsamiającego gnicie ciała z profanum sprawiła, że zwalczający prawosławie petersburski związek domagał się ponownego otwarcia trumny Serafina z Sarowa, chcąc podważyć wiarygodność Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej. Głos w sprawie szczątków starca zabrał metropolita Petersburga Antoni, przekonując, że nienaruszalność zwłok nie jest koniecznym warunkiem świętości. Podczas uroczystości kanonizacyjnych adorowane relikwie św. Serafina zostały wykorzystane w służbie władzy państwowej w celu wzmocnienia więzi pomiędzy carem Mikołajem II a ludem.