bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structure, optical and Electronic Properties of \(\text{TiO}_{2}\) Made by Thermal Treatment of \(\text{Ti}\)
Authors: Chien Dang Tran , Long Pham Duy
Published: September 2014

In this work, TiO\(_{2}\) nanocrystalline thin films were obtained through evaporating Ti films by Electron Beam Deposition (EBD) followed by thermal treatment. The deposition speed of Ti thin fims was carried out at 0.15 nm/s and 1 nm/s. The results show that after annealing at 450\(^\circ\)C for 8 h, the obtained TiO\(_{2}\) thin films have nanoparticle structure with grain size of 20 nm for the Ti thin film deposited at the rate of 1nm/s, whereas at the a deposition rate of 0.15 nm/s, the TiO\(_{2}\) has a nanorod structure with the rod length of 300 -- 400 nm. At 700\(^\circ\)C for 8 h, the rutile phase was formed. At annealing temperature of 450\(^\circ\)C, all the samples are close to the stress free TiO\(_{2}\). The band gap of TiO\(_{2}\) thin films decreased with annealing temperature in both doposition rate of Ti thin films. The response of the films annealed at 450\(^\circ\)C presented a faster rise and fall in photocurrent under UV illumination on and off interval. Nanoporous structure TiO\(_{2}\) shows photoelectronic property better than that of nanorod structure. The obtained TiO\(_{2}\) films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The TiO\(_{2}\) films were used in a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell as a working electrode and a platinum electrode as a counter electrode. The electrolyte solution contains 1 M KCl and 0.1 M Na\(_{2}\)S.
A low Cost Microwave Synthesis Method for Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Thanh Ngo Vo Ke , Giang Nguyen Dang , Vinh Lam Quang , Dat Huynh Thanh
Published: September 2014

The gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 15-20 nm size range have attracted attention for fabrication of smart sensing devices in biomedical sciences as diagnostic tools. Citrate capped GNPs are negatively charged, which can be exploited for electrostatic interactions with some positively charged biomolecules like antibody. In this study, we are developing a low-cost technique by using a common microwave system with medium power for synthesizing gold nanoparticles with using sodium citrate (Na\(_{3}\)Ct) reduction in chloroauric acid (HAuCl\(_{4}|).3H\(_{2}\)O). It was found that the comparing with normal thermal method, the reaction by the microwave irradiation was much faster. Besides, effects of the sodium citrate concentration and optical properties of gold nanoparticle swere studied. The optical properties of gold nanoparticles suspension were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Maximum absorbance wavelengths \((\lambda _{max})\) for gold nanoparticles are \(\sim  518-524\) nm with the size of 12-25 nm. The size of gold nanoparticles decreases with increasing concentration of sodium citrate. Besides, the morphology of gold nanoparticles has spherical shape with face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystalline structure.
Two Higgs singlets \(A_4\) Flavor Symmetry with Minimal Breaking
Authors: Phong Nguyen Thanh
Published: September 2014

We study the seesaw realization of a \(A_4\)model with two Higgs singlets. In this model, the mixing angle \(\theta_{13}\) and leptogenesis are zero if the components of right handed neutrino mass matrix resulting from the two Higgs singlets are exact degenerate. We then study the minimal breaking of the model by a tiny shift between aforementioned components. This minimal breaking results in deviations of lepton mixing angles from their tri-bimaximal mixing values in which the current experimental value of \(\theta_{13}\) can be achieved. Besides, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is successfully generated through non-zero leptogenesis by the decay of right handed neutrinos.
The real-life experience with cardiovascular complications in the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fragoso Yara Dadalti , Arruda Christian Cardoso , Arruda Walter Oleschko , Brooks Joseph Bruno Bidin , Damasceno Alfredo , Damasceno Carlos Augusto de Albuquerque , Finkelsztejn Alessandro , Finkelsztejn Juliana , Gama Paulo Diniz da , Giacomo Maria Cristina Brandão , Gomes Sidney , Goncalves Marcus Vinicius Magno , Matta Andre Palma da Cunha , Morais Marilia Manprim de , Oliveira Enedina Maria Lobato de , Ribeiro Yuna , Sato Henry Koiti , Tauil Carlos Bernardo
Published: September 2014

Fingolimod is a new and efficient treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The drug administration requires special attention to the first dose, since cardiovascular adverse events can be observed during the initial six hours of fingolimod ingestion. The present study consisted of a review of cardiovascular data on 180 patients with MS receiving the first dose of fingolimod. The rate of bradycardia in these patients was higher than that observed in clinical trials with very strict inclusion criteria for patients. There were less than 10% of cases requiring special attention, but no fatal cases. All but one patient continued the treatment after this initial dose. This is the first report on real-life administration of fingolimod to Brazilian patients with MS, and one of the few studies with these characteristics in the world.
Impaired cognition in depression and Alzheimer (AD): a gradient from depression to depression in AD
Authors: Araujo Narahyana Bom de , Moraes Helena Sales , Silveira Heitor , Arcoverde Cynthia , Vasques Paulo Eduardo , Barca Maria Lage , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Engedal Knut , Coutinho Evandro Silva Freire , Deslandes Andrea Camaz , Laks Jerson
Published: September 2014

Objective To assess cognition in major depressed (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression in AD elderly. Method Subjects were evaluated by Mini Mental, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure, Digit Span, Similarities, Trail Making A/B, Verbal Fluency and Stroop. One-way ANOVA and multivariate models were used to compare the performance of each group on neuropsychological tests. Results We evaluated 212 subjects. Compared to MD, attention, working memory, processing speed and recall showed significantly better in controls. Controls showed significantly higher performance in all cognitive measures, except in attention compared to AD. Verbal fluency, memory, processing speed and abstract reasoning in MD was significantly higher compared to AD. AD was significantly better in general cognitive state than depression in AD. All other cognitive domains were similar. Conclusion A decreasing gradient in cognition appeared from the control to depression in AD, with MD and AD in an intermediate position.
Incidence of basilar invagination in patients with tonsillar herniation ? a case control craniometrical study
Authors: Joaquim Andrei F , Fernandes Yvens Barbosa , Mathias Roger N , Batista Ulysses C , Ghizoni Enrico , Tedeschi Helder , Patel Alpesh A
Published: September 2014

A retrospective case-control study based on craniometrical evaluation was performed to evaluate the incidence of basilar invagination (BI). Patients with symptomatic tonsillar herniation treated surgically had craniometrical parameters evaluated based on CT scan reconstructions before surgery. BI was diagnosed when the tip of the odontoid trespassed the Chamberlain’s line in three different thresholds found in the literature: 2, 5 or 6.6 mm. In the surgical group (SU), the mean distance of the tip of the odontoid process above the Chamberlain’s line was 12 mm versus 1.2 mm in the control (CO) group (p<0.0001). The number of patients with BI according to the threshold used (2, 5 or 6.6 mm) in the SU group was respectively 19 (95%), 16 (80%) and 15 (75%) and in the CO group it was 15 (37%), 4 (10%) and 2 (5%).
Brain regions supporting verbal memory improvement in healthy older subjects
Authors: Miotto Eliane C. , Balardin Joana B. , Savage Cary R. , Martin Maria da Graça M. , Batistuzzo Marcelo C. , Amaro Junior Edson , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: September 2014

Despite growing interest in developing cognitive training interventions to minimize the aging cognitive decline process, no studies have attempted to explore which brain regions support the application of semantic strategies during verbal memory encoding. Our aim was to investigate the behavioral performance and brain correlates of these strategies in elderly individuals using fMRI in healthy older subjects. Method Subjects were scanned twice on the same day, before and after, directed instructions to apply semantic strategies during the encoding of word lists. Results Improved memory performance associated to increased semantic strategy application and brain activity in the left inferior and middle and right medial superior prefrontal cortex were found after the directed instructions. There was also reduced activation in areas related to strategy mobilization. Conclusion Improved memory performance in older subjects after the application of semantic strategies was associated with functional brain reorganization involving regions inside and outside the typical memory network.
Diffusion of Hydroxyl Ions from Calcium Hydroxide and Aloe vera Pastes
Authors: Batista Victor Eduardo de Souza , Olian Douglas Dáquila , Mori Graziela Garrido
Published: September 2014

This study evaluated the diffusion through the dentinal tubules of hydroxyl ions from different calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes containing Aloe vera. Sixty single-rooted bovine teeth were used. The tooth crowns were removed, the root canals were instrumented and the specimens were assigned to 4 groups (n=15) according to the intracanal medication: Group CH/S - CH powder and saline paste; Group CH/P - CH powder and propylene glycol paste; Group CH/A - calcium hydroxide powder and Aloe vera gel paste; Group CH/A/P - CH powder, Aloe vera powder and propylene glycol paste. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed coronally and apically with a two-step epoxy adhesive. The teeth were placed in identified flasks containing deionized water and stored in an oven with 100% humidity at 37 °C. After 3 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 days, 15 days and 30 days, the deionized water in the flasks was collected and its pH was measured by a pH meter. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated that all pastes provided diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the dentinal tubules. The combination of Aloe vera and CH (group CH/A) provided a constant release of calcium ions. Group CH/A/P showed the highest pH at 24 and 72 h. In conclusion, the experimental pastes containing Aloe vera were able to enable the diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the dentinal tubules.
Peripheral Ameloblastoma with Dystrophic Calcification: An Unusual Feature in Non-Calcifying Odontogenic Tumors
Authors: Lascane Nelise Alexandre da Silva , Sedassari Bruno Tavares , Alves Fábio de Abreu , Gallottini Marina Helena Cury , Sousa Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de
Published: September 2014

Peripheral ameloblastoma is a rare extraosseous counterpart of central ameloblastoma that occurs in soft tissues and may cause bone crest resorption. This study reports a peripheral ameloblastoma on the buccal gingiva of a 56-year-old man, which presented extensive squamous metaplasia areas, keratinization and dystrophic calcifications in the neoplastic islands. It is emphasized the need of a detailed imaging study and a long follow-up period to exclude bone involvement whenever peripheral ameloblastoma diagnosis is considered.
Antimicrobial Activity of Toothpastes Containing Natural Extracts, Chlorhexidine or Triclosan
Authors: Rossi Andiara De , Ferreira Danielly Cunha Araújo , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra da , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da , Nelson-Filho Paulo
Published: September 2014

Abstract: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing natural extracts, chlorhexidine or triclosan. The effectiveness of toothpastes containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)), 0.12% chlorhexidine (Cariax(r)), 0.3% triclosan (Sanogil(r)) or fluoride (Sorriso(r), control) was evaluated against yeasts, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Water was used as a control. Disks impregnated with the toothpastes were placed in Petri dishes containing culture media inoculated with 23 indicative microorganisms by the pour plate method. After incubation, the inhibition growth halos were measured and statistical analyses (α=0.05) were performed. The results indicated that all formulations, except for conventional toothpaste (Sorriso(r)), showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The toothpaste containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)) was the only product able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The toothpastes containing chlorhexidine, triclosan or natural extracts presented antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.
Self-Perceived Oral Health Influences Tooth Brushing in Preschool Children
Authors: Agostini Bernardo Antonio , Machry Rômulo Vaz , Teixeira Carlos Roberto da Silva , Piovesan Chaiana , Oliveira Marta Dutra Machado , Bresolin Carmela Rampazzo , Ardenghi Thiago Machado
Published: September 2014

This study assessed the influence of socioeconomic and clinical factors, as well as parent's perception of child's oral health on the toothbrushing frequency of 0-5-year-old children. The study was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day, and 478 children aged 0 - 5 years were included. Data were collected by clinical examinations and a structured questionnaire, conducted by 15 calibrated examiners and 30 supports. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents with information about several socioeconomic indicators, perception of child's oral health and frequency of tooth brushing. The main outcome was collected by the question: "How many times a day do you brush your child's teeth?". Multivariable Poisson regression model taking into account the cluster sample was performed to assess the association between the predictors and outcome. Children whose parents related worse perception of child's oral health showed less tooth brushing frequency (PR 1.23; 1.06 - 1.43). Young children brush their teeth less than the older ones (PR 0.90; 0.84 - 0.96); and lack of visit to a dentist was predictor for less tooth brushing frequency (PR 1.29; 1.05 - 1.59). Parent's perception of child oral health influence children's healthy behaviors, supporting the evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of children's oral health.
Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Quality among Brazilian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Serra-Negra Júnia Maria , Scarpelli Ana Carolina , Tirsa-Costa Débora , Guimarães Flávia Helena , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Paiva Saul Martins
Published: September 2014

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, the middle semester and the final semester of the course participated in the survey. The PSQI-BR (the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) was used for data collection. The PSQI-BR was distributed during lecture classes. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression with robust estimator were the statistical tests used. Sleep bruxism prevalence was 21.5% and awake bruxism prevalence was 36.5%. Sleep duration components were associated with sleep bruxism (PR=1.540; 95% CI: 1.00-2.37) and awake bruxism (PR=1.344; 95% CI: 1,008-1,790). There was an association between awake bruxism and habitual sleep efficiency component (PR=1.323; 95% CI: 1.03-1.70). Sleep disturbance component and awake bruxism were associated (PR=1.533; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Poor sleep quality was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism as well as among those who presented awake bruxism
Ética e coprodução de serviços públicos: uma fundamentação a partir de Habermas
Authors: Mattia Clenia De , Zappellini Marcello B.
Published: September 2014

A produção de bens e serviços públicos é um processo que pode ser organizado de diferentes formas na sociedade, sendo necessário determinar formas que satisfaçam não apenas interesses individuais, mas também coletivos. A coprodução é uma estratégia em que a definição dos bens e serviços a serem produzidos pela administração pública exige um processo democrático e participativo que envolva os cidadãos. Uma revisão histórica do conceito de coprodução é feita, visando definir suas características e seu funcionamento, destacando-se o caráter procedimental do mesmo. Nesse sentido, a organização dos esforços dos cidadãos deve obedecer a regras morais, e este artigo tem por objetivo buscar um fundamento ético para a coprodução. Como tal, a ética discursiva de Habermas é debatida como uma forma de nortear os procedimentos de coprodução. O caráter democrático da ética discursiva e da coprodução é discutido no sentido de demonstrar a congruência entre as duas teorias. O artigo, elaborado na forma de um ensaio teórico, conclui que, embora existam aspectos na teoria de Habermas que não sejam inteiramente adequados ao conceito de coprodução, as possibilidades de sua aplicação são elevadas, justificando discussão mais ampla sobre o tema.
Isotermas de sorção de água de frutos de Coffea canephora
Authors: Corrêa Paulo C. , Botelho Fernando M. , Botelho Silvia de C. C. , Goneli André L. D.
Published: September 2014

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar e modelar as curvas de equilíbrio higroscópico obtidas pelos processos de adsorção e dessorção para os frutos de café (Coffea canephora) maduros (cerejas) para diferentes condições psicrométricas do ar. Nos processos de sorção foram utilizadas diferentes condições de temperatura (entre 10 e 50 °C) e umidade relativa (entre 10 e 95%) até que o produto atingisse o teor de água de equilíbrio com a condição do ar especificada. Aos dados experimentais de sorção foram ajustados diversos modelos matemáticos frequentemente utilizados para representação da higroscopicidade de produtos agrícolas. Verificou-se que o teor de água de equilíbrio dos frutos de café aumentou com a umidade relativa para dada temperatura e diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura para determinada umidade relativa. A histerese foi mais pronunciada na faixa de umidade relativa do ar entre, 65 e 75%. O modelo Sigma-Copace foi o que melhor descreveu a higroscopicidade dos frutos de café, tanto na adsorção quanto na dessorção.
Climatização na pré-ordenha de vacas Girolando no inverno do semiárido
Authors: Almeida Neto Luiz A. de , Pandorfi Héliton , Almeida Gledson L. P. de , Guiselini Cristiane
Published: September 2014

Propôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar tempos de exposição dos animais à climatização no curral de espera sobre os índices de conforto, variáveis fisiológicas e produção de leite de vacas da raça Girolando, no inverno do semiárido pernambucano. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas com composição genética de 7/8 Holandês-Gir, divididas em quatro grupos, submetidos a três tempos de climatização 10, 20, 30 min e controle (sem climatização) adotando-se delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4. Para determinação da eficiência térmica da climatização foram registradas as variáveis temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, frequência respiratória, temperatura de pelame, temperatura retal e produção de leite, para os dois turnos de ordenha (manhã e tarde). A climatização por 10, 20 e 30 min mostrou-se eficiente na redução da temperatura do ar no turno da tarde com redução da ordem de 1,4, 2,3 e 2,7 ºC quando comparados com o controle, respectivamente. A climatização no curral de espera promoveu a manutenção do conforto térmico de bovinos leiteiros no inverno do semiárido pernambucano, embora sem efeito contundente nas respostas fisiológicas e de produção de leite, que não apresentaram alteração com o emprego do resfriamento adiabático evaporativo.
OPERAÇÕES INTERTEXTUAIS NA CATEGORIA TÍTULO NO JORNAL CARIOCA MEIA HORA
Authors: Menezes Vanda Cardozo de , Costa Wagner Alexandre dos Santos
Published: September 2014

Com o intuito de demonstrar que nos jornais populares a notícia também pode ser perpassada por uma opinião, porém a partir de estratégias não convencionais, neste artigo analisaremos a construção do título "Papa pede pra sair", de notícia publicada no jornal popular carioca Meia Hora, em 12/02/2013. Nossa preocupação se concentra na reflexão de como o estabelecimento de uma relação intertextual, já no título, pode acrescentar sentidos e orientar argumentativamente o texto. Uma de nossas conclusões é que o título seria o espaço reservado pelo jornal para sugerir alguma opinião, em vez de desenvolvê-la de forma longa no decorrer do texto, o que poderia infringir o contrato de comunicação entre jornal e leitor desse segmento. Como aparato teórico, vamos nos pautar na noção de "contrato de comunicação", desenvolvida na Análise do discurso (CHARAUDEAU, 1996; 2001); na caracterização dos "valores-notícia" (AMARAL, 2006); e no processo de "intertextualidade" (BEAUGRANDE; DRESSLER (1981); BAKHTIN (2003); KOCH (2003), entre outros.
Novas tecnologias de intervenção na sexualidade: o panorama latino-americano
Authors: Rohden Fabíola , Russo Jane , Giami Alain
Published: September 2014

Este artigo busca refletir sobre o desinteresse pela área que congrega estudos e intervenções clínicas sobre a sexualidade por parte dos estudiosos críticos da sexualidade como campo político na América Latina. Iniciamos com um panorama sobre as sexualidades e as políticas na América Latina e, em seguida, apresentamos um panorama histórico do campo da sexologia e da medicina sexual na região. Procuramos argumentar que considerar a medicalização da sexualidade apenas como uma forma da sua despolitização deixa de lado aspectos importantes do processo, em especial no que diz respeito à produção de novos sujeitos na esfera do consumo. Em nossas conclusões realizamos uma reflexão crítica acerca do crescente consumo de biotecnologias na esfera da sexualidade e das concepções que lhes são subjacentes, buscando ressaltar seu aspecto eminentemente político.
Nota sobre Matayba livescens stat. nov. (Sapindaceae, Cupanieae) do litoral brasileiro
Authors: Coelho Rubens Luiz Gayoso , Souza Vinicius Castro , Ferrucci María Silvia
Published: September 2014

Matayba livescens stat. nov. é segregada de Matayba guianensis f. livescens, reconhecida como uma espécie distinta e inserida na sect. Matayba. Caracteres que separam as espécies são discutidos neste trabalho. São apresentados aqui uma descrição morfológica, diagnose, ilustração e comentários sobre a taxonomia e distribuição geográfica da espécie.
Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) na Reserva Ecológica do Panga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Rocha Gustavo Paiva Evangelista da , Borges Leonardo Maurici , Romero Rosana
Published: September 2014

Mimosoideae, uma das subfamílias de Leguminosae, tem várias espécies naturais do Brasil e um de seus maiores gêneros, Mimosa, com centro de diversidade no Cerrado. O levantamento das espécies de Mimosoideae na Reserva Ecológica do Panga, no estado de Minas Gerais, revelou a ocorrência de 15 espécies em 9 gêneros. Mimosa é o maior gênero em número de espécies (cinco espécies), seguido por Inga e Stryphnodendron (duas espécies cada). As demais pertencem aos gêneros Albizia, Anadenanthera, Enterolobium, Piptadenia, Plathymenia e Senegalia (uma espécie cada). Este estudo apresenta chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre as espécies de Mimosoideae na Reserva Ecológica do Panga.
Espécies raras e comuns de Myrtaceae da Floresta Estacional Decidual de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Fontana Cláudia , Gasper André Luís de , Sevegnani Lúcia
Published: September 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar as espécies arbóreas raras e comuns da família Myrtaceae amostradas pelo Inventário Florístico Florestal de Santa Catarina na Floresta Estacional Decidual. Esta floresta ocorre ao longo do rio Uruguai e afluentes, sob baixas temperaturas no inverno e chuvas bem distribuídas ao longo do ano, com árvores do dossel e emergentes predominantemente caducifólias. Coletaram-se dados em 78 unidades amostrais com 0,40 ha cada, registrando-se árvores com diâmetro na altura do peito ≥ 10 cm. Utilizou-se a metodologia Rabinowitz para segregar as espécies em raras ou comuns, considerando três variáveis: distribuição geográfica, especificidade por habitat e tamanho populacional. Das 28 espécies amostradas, 78,57% (22 spp.) apresentaram alguma forma de raridade e 21,43% (6 spp.) foram comuns. As espécies de Myrtaceae na Floresta Estacional Decidual são, em geral, amplamente distribuídas, mas seletivas quanto ao habitat e possuem poucos indivíduos. Destacam-se três espécies consideradas raras na floresta avaliada: Eugenia subterminalis, Myrcianthes gigantea e Siphoneugena reitzii com um indivíduo cada. Campomanesia xanthocarpa foi a espécie mais comum. Todas as espécies avaliadas são zoocóricas e podem ser utilizadas em restauração ambiental.
Morfologia das plântulas, anatomia e venação dos cotilédones e eofilos de três espécies de Mimosa (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)
Authors: Oliveira Jonathas Henrique Georg de , Iwazaki Maísa Carvalho , Oliveira Denise Maria Trombert
Published: September 2014

A fase pós-seminal é uma das mais críticas do ciclo de vida dos vegetais, responsável pelo estabelecimento do indivíduo. Mimosa é um gênero amplo, com espécies utilizadas para recuperação de áreas degradadas; o conhecimento de fases juvenis é indispensável para a identificação no campo. Este trabalho compara a morfologia das plântulas, a anatomia e a venação dos cotilédones e eofilos de Mimosa daleoides, M. dolens var. anisitsii e M. orthacantha, adotando métodos usuais em morfologia e microscopia de luz. A germinação ocorre entre um e três dias. São plântulas fanero-epígeo-foliáceas, com expansão dos cotilédones entre dois a cinco dias após a germinação; cotilédones semelhantes, actinódromos e anfiestomáticos. A filotaxia dos cotilédones é oposta e dos eofilos é alterna. O número de pares de folíolos no primeiro eofilo varia de dois a três em M. daleoides e M. dolens var. anisitsii e de cinco a sete em M. orthacantha. O limbo foliolar apresenta anatomia semelhante entre as espécies, é anfiestomático, dorsiventral, com uma camada de parênquima paliçádico bem desenvolvida; a epiderme de M. dolens var. anisitsii apresenta idioblastos fenólicos e apêndices lignificados no bordo foliolar. O padrão de venação é broquidódromo, com algumas variações em M. orthacantha. Os resultados obtidos permitem a identificação de espécies de Mimosa em sua fase juvenil, fornecendo dados que podem apoiar estudos taxonômicos e ecológicos com o gênero.
Soja M-8527 RR consorciada com braquiária piatã em diferentes densidades e épocas de semeadura
Authors: Saraiva A.S. , Dornelas B.F. , Silva J.I.C. , Erasmo E.A.L. , Dornelas D.F. , Mata J.F. , Sarmento R.A.
Published: September 2014

O cultivo consorciado de culturas para grãos e forrageiras gramíneas é uma das práticas de integração lavoura-pecuária com elevado potencial para maximizar o sistema produtivo. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a influência de densidades e épocas de semeadura de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã na produtividade do cultivar de soja M-8527 RR semeado em consórcio. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 2 x 5 (duas épocas de semeadura de B. brizantha: 20 e 30 dias após a emergência da soja; e cinco densidades de semeadura da braquiária: 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 kg de semente ha-1), com quatro repetições. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados nas plantas de soja: altura, massa seca da parte aérea e produtividade de grãos. As variáveis avaliadas foram influenciadas pelas densidades e pelas épocas de semeadura de B.brizantha. Independentemente da época de semeadura da braquiária, todas as densidades a partir de 3 kg ha-1 promoveram redução na produtividade da soja; contudo, ela foi superior a 5% somente na densidade de 12 kg h-1,semeada aos 30 DAE, e nas densidades de 9 e 12 kg ha-1,semeada aos 20 DAE. O efeito competitivo da variedade de soja RR M-8527 foi superior quando Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã foi semeada aos 30 dias após a emergência da cultura.
Effect of period of sugarcane cultivation on the abundance and distribution of weed seeds in the soil profile
Authors: Adereti R.O. , Takim F.O , Abayomi Y.A.
Published: September 2014

An experiment was laid down in a screen house to determine the distribution of weed seeds at different soil depths and periods of cultivation of sugarcane in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil samples from different depth levels (0-10 cm, 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) were collected after harvesting of canes from three different land use fields (continuous sugarcane cultivation for > 20 years, continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 10 years after long fallow period and continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 5 years after long fallow period) in November, 2012. One kilogram of the sieved composite soil samples was arranged in the screen house and watered at alternate days. Germinating weed seedlings were identified, counted and then pulled out for the period of 8 months. Land use and soil depth had a highly significant (p £ 0.05) effect on the total number of weeds that emerged from the soil samples. The 010 cm of the soil depth had the highest weed seedlings that emerged. There was an equal weed seed distribution at the 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm depths of the soil. Sugarcane fields which have been continuously cultivated for a long period of time with highly disturbing soil tillage practices tend to have larger seed banks in deeper soil layers (11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) while recently opened fields had significantly larger seed banks at the 0-10 cm soil sampling depth.
Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do algodão em semeadura adensada na safrinha
Authors: Raimondi M.A. , Oliveira JR R.S. , Constantin J. , Franchini L.H.M. , Biffe D.F. , Blainski É. , Raimondi R.T.
Published: September 2014

A semeadura adensada do algodoeiro na safrinha é uma estratégia adotada pelos cotonicultores para reduzir os custos de produção e aumentar a rentabilidade dessa atividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os períodos de convivência e controle das plantas daninhas no algodoeiro em semeadura adensada na safrinha. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Pouso Frio, em Chapadão do Sul-MS. A semeadura do cultivar BRS 293 ocorreu no dia 07/02/2010, adotando-se espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e a densidade de 260 mil sementes por hectare. Os tratamentos constaram de dois grupos. No primeiro, a cultura foi mantida por períodos iniciais crescentes em convivência com plantas daninhas, após sua emergência, para determinação do PAI, e no segundo grupo, para determinação do PTPI, o algodoeiro permaneceu por períodos iniciais livre da matocompetição. Foram analisados períodos de 0, 5, 10, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71 e 165 dias após emergência (DAE) de convivência ou controle inicial das plantas daninhas. As plantas daninhas de maior importância relativa foram Bidens pilosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica, Commelina benghalensis e Euphorbia heterophylla. Tolerando a redução da produtividade de até 5%, o PAI foi até 4 DAE; o PTPI, até 32 DAE; e o PCPI com duração de 28 dias, entre 4 e 32 DAE. Quando se admitiu a queda de produtividade equivalente ao desvio-padrão da média do tratamento mantido no limpo, estabeleceu-se o PAI de 1 DAE; PTPI, de 37 DAE; e PCPI durando 36 dias, entre 1 e 37 DAE.
Habilidade competitiva, alterações no metabolismo secundário e danos celulares de soja competindo com Conyza bonariensis resistente e suscetível a glyphosate
Authors: Silva D.R.O. , Agostinetto D. , Vargas L. , Langaro A.C. , Duarte T.V.
Published: September 2014

Biótipos de buva resistentes aos herbicidas podem apresentar menor habilidade competitiva, comparado com o biótipo suscetível, quando em convivência com a cultura da soja. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a habilidade competitiva de soja com biótipos de buva, resistente e suscetível ao herbicida glyphosate, e identificar as alterações no metabolismo secundário e danos celulares em função da competição. Foram realizados três experimentos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, sendo o primeiro conduzido em série aditiva e os demais em série de substituição, com população de 315 plantas m-2. As variáveis avaliadas foram estatura, área foliar, massa seca, fenóis totais, peroxidação lipídica e extravasamento eletrolítico. A análise da competitividade foi feita por aplicação de diagramas e interpretações dos índices de competitividade. Os biótipos de buva resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate apresentam maior habilidade competitiva que o cultivar de soja CD 226 RR, ao passo que os biótipos de buva possuem similar capacidade em competir com a cultura. A interferência interespecífica causa maiores danos à cultura da soja, enquanto a interespecífica é mais prejudicial aos biótipos de buva. A cultura sofre alterações no seu metabolismo secundário em razão da competição com ambos os biótipos de buva.
Glyphosate as a tool to produce shikimic acid in plants
Authors: Matallo M.B. , Almeida S.D.B. , Franco D.A.S. , Cerdeira A.L. , Gazzeiro D.L.P.
Published: September 2014

Oseltamivir phosphate is a potent viral inhibitor produced from shikimic acid extracted from seeds of Ilicium verum, the most important natural source. With the site of action 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP), glyphosate is the only compound capable of inhibiting its activity with the consequent accumulation of shikimic acid in plants. Corn and soybean plants were sprayed with reduced rates of glyphosate (0.0 to 230.4 g a.i. ha¹) and shikimic acid content in the dry mass was determined by HPLC 3, 7 and 10 days after application. Results showed shikimic acid accumulation in dry mass with increases of up to 969% in corn and 33,000% on soybeans, with peak concentrations 3 days after treatment (DAT). Industrial feasibility for shikimic acid production, combined with favorable climatic conditions for growing corn and soybean in virtually all over Brazil, favor the use of reduced rates of glyphosate in shikimic acid biosynthesis, with potential for use as an inducer in exploration of alternative sources for production of oseltamivir phosphate with low environmental impact.
Sensibility of plant species to herbicides aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam
Authors: Guerra N. , Oliveira Neto A.M. , Oliveira JR R.S. , Constantin J. , Takano H.K.
Published: September 2014

Aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam are under development in Brazil and there is no information about their behavior in Brazilian soils. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of plant species to these new molecules, trying to select plants that can be used as bioindicators for testing the behavior of these herbicides in the soil. Two experiments were conducted, one for each herbicide. The treatments were arranged in a 8 x 6 factorial design, the factors being represented by eight species used as bioindicators cotton, maize, soybean, sorghum, sunflower, millet, cucumber and beet, and six doses of herbicides (aminocyclopyrachlor - 0, 10 , 20, 30 , 40 and 50 g ha-1 and indaziflam 0 , 20, 40 , 60, 80 and 100 g ha-1). Among the species studied, soybean and beet were quite sensitive to the two new herbicide molecules, being great alternatives for bioassays in order to detect low concentrations of aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam in the soil.
A teoria dinâmica do conhecimento de Duhem: um termo médio entre a concepção metafísica clássica da ciência e a concepção do convencionalismo/pragmatismo (Poincaré)
Authors: Chiappin J. R. N.
Published: September 2014

O objetivo é propor uma reconstrução racional da concepção da ciência de Duhem, por meio do recurso da metodologia da teoria da ciência, como uma teoria normativa da dinâmica do conhecimento. Essa reconstrução ajuda a estabelecer que Duhem não pode ser classificado como um convencionalista/pragmatista, como sugere a interpretação-padrão, e, além disso, que Duhem almeja construir uma concepção que seja um termo médio entre a concepção metafísica clássica e a concepção do convencionalismo/pragmatismo. A estratégia metodológica para construir esse termo médio é a proposta de um realismo estrutural e convergente. Duhem substitui o sujeito transcendental dos clássicos por uma teoria transcendental a ser alcançada por um processo dinâmico.
Melancolia e náusea: do destino enquanto fundamento do caráter trágico ao absurdo existencial
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago
Published: September 2014

A partir da perspectiva intelectualista grega, na qual o dualismo entre corpo e alma requer o primado do discurso racional [lógos] em detrimento do páthos filosófico, busca-se com este artigo associar a noção de "desmedida" [hybris] com a noção de melancolia. Essa associação ganha ainda mais relevo, quando a aproximamos da interpretação de Simone Weil para o poema épico de Homero, a Ilíada. Se essa aproximação se justifica, então é patente a aproximação entre o caráter trágico que o destino adquire, na perspectiva clássica, e a noção de contingência enquanto fundamento do absurdo existencial, no pensamento existencialista.
Dos posibles direcciones de la vivencia interrogativa ¿hay algo? En el joven Heidegger
Authors: Espinoza Cáceres Jorge
Published: September 2014

El presente artículo pretende dos tareas: Primero, resaltar la vivencia cotidiana desde su inmediatez, y con ello, ganar su comprensión más propia a partir de la primera lección del joven Heidegger. Segundo, desde esta comprensión esclarecer lo que consideramos una confusa tematización de la vivencia interrogativa ¿hay algo? realizada en esta primera lección. Para ello consideramos necesario exponer en tres momentos distintos, la vivencia interrogativa; la vivencia circundante; y una comparación de los distintos elementos estructurales de ambas vivencias. Una vez comprendidos estos distintos puntos, proponemos en un último momento una interpretación de las dos posibles direcciones ejecutivas de la vivencia interrogativa ¿hay algo?
Year-to-Year Variation in Prey Capture by
Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) at Two Sites in North Carolina
Authors: Swink Whitney G , Nalepa C A , Basham J P
Published: September 2014

Cerceris fumipennis Say is a solitary, ground-nesting wasp that preys exclusively on beetles in the family Buprestidae, including the invasive insect pest, emerald ash borer (Agrilusplanipennis Fairmaire). Understanding patterns of C.fumipennis prey collection over time may improve use of the wasp as a biosurveillance tool for locating pest Buprestidae of economic concern. Here, we report on variation in prey capture by C.fumipennis at two sites in North Carolina over a 4-yr period. In total, 466 beetles were collected from the wasps from 2010 to 2013; these comprise 35 species, four new state records, six new prey records, and three native pests. Changes in prey capture from year to year at both sites suggest the importance of continued biosurveillance at sites with known wasp aggregations as emerald ash borer and other invasive pests spread into and throughout North Carolina.
A review of large-scale urban design in China
Authors: Tang Yan
Published: September 2014

Since the 1980s, China has accumulated nearly 30 years of experience in modern urban design, during which time, large-scale urban design (LSUD), triggered by government-led rapid urbanisation in the late 1990s, arose as a main mission of physical planning. To analyse and interpret this special planning phenomenon in China, the paper traces the evolution of Chinese LSUD and examines it under specific phases of China's socio-economic development, so as to first reveal the driving forces, various types, design methods and implementation approaches of China's LSUD projects. By contextualising urban design within China's unique statutory urban planning and design system, the paper then summarises the main gains and losses of physical planning development in China and puts forward some suggestions for transforming China's physical planning and design in the future.
Algae separation from urban landscape water using a high density microbubble layer enhanced by micro-flocculation
Authors: Chen Shuwen , Xu Jingcheng , Liu Jia , Wei Qiaoling , Li Guangming , Huang Xiangfeng
Published: September 2014

Eutrophication of raw water results in outbreaks of algae, which hinders conventional water treatment. In this study, high density microbubble layers combined with micro-flocculation was adopted to remove algae from urban landscape water, and the effects of pressure, hydraulic loading, microbubble layer height and flocculation dosage on the removal efficiency for algae were studied. The greatest removal efficiency for algae, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained at 0.42 MPa with hydraulic loading at 5 m/h and a flocculation dosage of 4 mg/L using a microbubble layer with a height of 130 cm. Moreover, the size, clearance distance and concentration of microbubbles were found to be affected by pressure and the height of the microbubble layer. Based on the study, this method was an alternative for algae separation from urban landscape water and water purification.
Effect of the addition of rice straw on microbial community in a sewage sludge digester
Authors: Nakakihara E. , Ikemoto-Yamamoto R. , Honda R. , Ohtsuki S. , Takano M. , Suetsugu Y. , Watanabe H.
Published: September 2014

Rice straw was added to a sewage sludge digester and its effects on methane production, dewatering characteristics, and microbial communities in the digested sludge were examined by a continuous digestion experiment under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). Stable gas generation was monitored in all digestion experiments. Methane yield from raw sludge, chopped rice straw and softened rice straw were estimated to be 0.27, 0.18 and 0.26 NL/g total solids load, respectively. The capillary suction time of digested sludge was decreased by the addition of rice straw. Archaeal and bacterial communities in the sludge were elucidated by PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) targeting 16S rRNA genes. The Shannon index of DGGE profiles indicated that bacterial diversity increased with the addition of softened rice straw. DNA sequences of significant bands of the digested sludge were most closely related to Methanosaeta concilii (97.4% identity) and Methanoculleus bourgensis (100% identity). Meanwhile, those in the co-digested sludge with rice straw were most closely related to Methanosarcina barkeri (98.4% identity) and Methanoculleus bourgensis (99.3% identity). Although both Methanosaeta spp. and Methanosarcina spp. metabolize acetate to methane, Methanosarcina spp. have a competitive advantage at acetate concentrations of >70 mg/L. Results suggested that the quantity of acetate produced during rice straw degradation may change the archaeal community.
Eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the aquatic zones around Huainan coal mine subsidence areas, Anhui, China
Authors: Yi Qitao , Wang Xiaomeng , Wang Tingting , Qu Xijie , Xie Kai
Published: September 2014

The eutrophication of three small lakes in the aquatic zones at the Huainan coal mine subsidence areas, designated as east site (ES), central site (CS), and west site (WS), were studied. Nutrient content, species, and nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratios were obtained through water quality analyses. Nutrient limitation was evaluated by nutrient enrichment bioassays (NEBs) in the autumn of 2012 and spring of 2013. Average annual concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) were 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10 mg/L, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were 0.77, 1.95, and 2.06 mg/L in the water column at CS, ES, and WS, respectively. All of the three lakes exhibited ‘meso-eutrophic’ states and the TN:TP ratio ranged from 25:1 to 74:1 with variability between seasons and sites. NEBs verified that primary productivity in the lakes at ES and WS were mainly limited by P, while N limitation or N and P co-limitation was present in the aquatic zones at CS due to unavailable dissolved inorganic nitrogen. In the studied lakes, the blue-green algae, which comprised 70% of all identified species, was the predominant taxa, while the micro-zooplankton taxa was dominant, indicating a typical trophic structure of eutrophic lakes.
Poly(ethylene imine)-modified graphene oxide with improved colloidal stability and its adsorption of methyl orange
Authors: Liu Hongxi , Wu Ting , Wu Zhimin , Zhang Yong , Xuan Keqin , Zhang Jinglin , Tan Shaozao
Published: September 2014

Graphene oxide (GO) was chemically modified with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) to improve its colloidal stability and was investigated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange (MO). The synthesis of PEI-GO was verified with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analysis. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of PEI-GO. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics studies were performed, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results showed that PEI could improve the colloidal stability of GO in aqueous solution, and the obtained PEI-GO showed a macroscopically homogeneous dispersion after more than three months. After standing for 90 days, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of GO decreased from 353 to 214 m2 · g−1, while that of PEI-GO remained almost unchanged (from 432 to 413 m2 · g−1). The PEI-GO exhibited significantly faster kinetic and higher adsorption capacity for MO than GO. Moreover, PEI-GO had a good adsorption capacity in the acidic range, and the highest adsorption of MO occurred at pH = 6.0. The adsorption of MO on PEI-GO was an endothermic, spontaneous and physisorption process.
Performance of an enhanced pervious pavement system loaded with large volumes of hydrocarbons
Authors: Newman Alan P. , Puehmeier Tim , Shuttleworth Andy , Pratt Christopher J.
Published: September 2014

Five litres of lubricating oil and two 8.5 litre batches of diesel were deposited on each of two hydraulically isolated experimental enhanced pervious pavement parking bays. The 50 mm aggregate subbases of the two bays were of either recycled concrete or crushed limestone. The bays were constructed in such a way that a near-surface gravity separator was created by the arranging of the outlet pipes such that a permanent pool of water was maintained in the system and water could only enter from below the level of any floating oil. Dissolved/dispersed hydrocarbons were measured at acceptable concentrations when monitoring was carried out over a period of approximately 5 months. The maximum concentration was 7.2 mg/l and of all the samples collected only 3% exceeded the 5 mg/l limit applied in the UK for a class 1 interceptor, and the majority of samples had hydrocarbon concentrations of less than 2 mg/l. Much more significant is the fact that no free product was discharged from either system up to the time the experiment was dismantled 2 years from the first oil application despite the fact that sufficient hydrocarbon had been added to each pavement to produce a film on a water surface of over 500 hectares.