bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skopi: a simulation package for diffractive imaging of noncrystalline biomolecules
Authors: Peck Ariana , Chang Hsing-Yin , Dujardin Antoine , Ramalingam Deeban , Uervirojnangkoorn Monarin , Wang Zhaoyou , Mancuso Adrian , Poitevin Frédéric , Yoon Chun Hong
Published: July 2022

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have the ability to produce ultra-bright femtosecond X-ray pulses for coherent diffraction imaging of biomolecules. While the development of methods and algorithms for macromolecular crystallography is now mature, XFEL experiments involving aerosolized or solvated biomolecular samples offer new challenges in terms of both experimental design and data processing. Skopi is a simulation package that can generate single-hit diffraction images for reconstruction algorithms, multi-hit diffraction images of aggregated particles for training machine learning classifiers using labeled data, diffraction images of randomly distributed particles for fluctuation X-ray scattering algorithms, and diffraction images of reference and target particles for holographic reconstruction algorithms. Skopi is a resource to aid feasibility studies and advance the development of algorithms for noncrystalline experiments at XFEL facilities.
Double-multilayer monochromators for high-energy and large-field X-ray imaging applications with intense pink beams at SPring-8 BL20B2
Authors: Koyama Takahisa , Senba Yasunori , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Takeuchi Tomoyuki , Tanaka Masayuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Tsubota Koji , Matsuzaki Yasuhisa , Kishimoto Hikaru , Miura Takanori , Shimizu Satsuki , Saito Takamitsu , Yumoto Hirokatsu , Uesugi Kentaro , Hoshino Masato , Yamada Jumpei , Osaka Taito , Sugahara Michihiro , Nariyama Nobuteru , Ishizawa Yasuhide , Nakano Hiroko , Saji Choji , Nakajima Kyo , Motomura Koji , Joti Yasumasa , Yabashi Makina , Ohashi Haruhiko
Published: July 2022

In this study, double-multilayer monochromators that generate intense, high-energy, pink X-ray beams are designed, installed and evaluated at the SPring-8 medium-length (215 m) bending-magnet beamline BL20B2 for imaging applications. Two pairs of W/B4C multilayer mirrors are designed to utilize photon energies of 110 keV and 40 keV with bandwidths of 0.8% and 4.8%, respectively, which are more than 100 times larger when compared with the Si double-crystal monochromator (DCM) with a bandwidth of less than 0.01%. At an experimental hutch located 210 m away from the source, a large and uniform beam of size 14 mm (V) × 300 mm (H) [21 mm (V) × 300 mm (H)] was generated with a high flux density of 1.6 × 109 photons s−1 mm−2 (6.9 × 1010 photons s−1 mm−2) at 110 keV (40 keV), which marked a 300 (190) times increase in the photon flux when compared with a DCM with Si 511 (111) diffraction. The intense pink beams facilitate advanced X-ray imaging for large-sized objects such as fossils, rocks, organs and electronic devices with high speed and high spatial resolution.
Investigating the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes with customer satisfaction: implications for food products
Authors: Malekpour Mehrgan , Yazdani Morteza , Rezvani Hamidreza
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This research aims to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as the relationship between these features and customer satisfaction by confirming the moderating role of competitive intensity.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is conceptual and exploratory in nature, drawing on current literature and real-time experience with conceptual framework development. The information was gathered by the face-to-face survey conducted with a sample of products, specialists and customers of the Iranian food industry. A total of 19 Kalleh products and 17 industry experts were selected to identify intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as competition intensity for every product. For investigating the relationship between product attributes and customer satisfaction, 342 customers' viewpoints were received and analyzed.

Findings

The results show that the nature of competition moderates the effects of interaction between product attributes and customer satisfaction. The major findings of this research include (1) when competitive intensity is low, appropriate focus on intrinsic attributes can create better customer satisfaction; (2) When a competitive level is low, better focus on appropriate external attributes can lead to customer satisfaction; and (3) When competitive intensity is high, offering proper external attributes would lead to customer satisfaction if intrinsic attributes are already offered with high quality; (4) When competitive intensity is high and a firm is focusing more on intrinsic attributes, the lack of proper intrinsic attributes can negatively affect repurchase intentions.

Originality/value

The findings of this study can be used as a reference for food companies developing new products in various competitive environments and making the decision whether to focus on intrinsic or extrinsic attributes.
Labour-related factors affecting construction productivity in Sri Lankan building projects: perspectives of engineers and managers
Authors: Manoharan Kesavan , Dissanayake Pujitha , Pathirana Chintha , Deegahawature Dharsana , Silva Renuka
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Past studies highlight a wide range of labour-related problems resulting in productivity loss in the construction industry of many developing countries. This study aims to quantify the impacts of labour-related factors on the productivity of construction operations in Sri Lankan building projects based on the viewpoint of engineers and construction managers for upgrading management/organisational policies and practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to identify the critical factors. Further, a series of industry consultative discussions were conducted through problem-based communication approaches to analyse the actions required.

Findings

A total of 21 factors were determined as critical, where skills shortage, labourers’ thinking abilities, work experience, knowledge in construction works and discipline were leading in the list. The statistical tests and the experts’ discussion outcomes ensured the validity and reliability of the study findings.

Research limitations/implications

The study outcomes will contribute to finding out better ways for directing labour in the industry practices and revising organisational policies towards achieving higher productivity levels in construction operations. Though the study findings are limited to the Sri Lankan context, some findings may be tested in other developing countries in similar scenarios.

Originality/value

The study findings show why the identified factors are critical, how those influence construction practices and what actions need to be considered for addressing the industry’s productivity-related challenges. These can play a key role in upgrading the construction management practices and organisational policies to the near-future stages.
Impact of financial distress on investment-cash flow sensitivity: evidence from emerging economy
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Mahakud Jitendra
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of financial distress (FD) on investment-cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) of Indian firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses the system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to investigate the effect of FD on ICFS of Indian firms during the period from 2001 to 2019.

Findings

Using FD measures like Ohlson's bankruptcy method, Altman's Z-score model and financial-distress ratio, the researchers find that FD increases ICFS and negatively affects corporate investment. The researchers’ findings explain that FD increases restrictions on external financing, which makes cash flow more important for corporate investment. Additionally, the researchers find that the effects of FD on ICFS are weak (strong) for bigger and group affiliated (smaller and standalone) firms. The study’s findings are robust to several measures of FD, group affiliation and firm size.

Practical implications

First, the researchers find that FD affects the ICFS, therefore, financially distressed firms should have sufficient internal funds or external funds for investment. Second, lending agencies should also consider the firms' FD condition before providing funds to secure their money. Third, investors should be very careful while investing in a financially distressed firm as we find that financially distressed firms face a decline in their investment which might reduce firm profitability.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence by analyzing the impact of FD on ICFS in the context of India. As per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first-ever attempt to examine the effect of FD on ICFS.
The social structures of entrepreneurial embeddedness: the influence of market, reciprocity and redistribution
Authors: Corrêa Victor Silva , Cruz Marina de Almeida , Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge , Melo Pedro Lucas de Resende , Lima Rosileine Mendonça de
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Embeddedness has gained prominence in entrepreneurship studies. However, the notion that the embeddedness metaphor relates to “market” structures prevails in studies in the area. Entrepreneurship scholars still know little about whether entrepreneurs are eventually embedded in other structures whose relationships go beyond the restricted dimension of the interested actor’s assumption. This study aims to propose investigating the social structures in which a specific type of entrepreneurship, the religious one, is embedded.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was qualitative, using interviews as an evidence collection instrument. A total of 17 entrepreneur-pastors responsible for business churches in Brazil and eight parishioners took part in the study.

Findings

Religious entrepreneurs are embedded in market structures, corroborating a perspective that associates embeddedness with the utilitarian notion. At the same time, entrepreneurs are embedded in two other social structures: reciprocity and redistribution.

Practical implications

This article emphasizes the relevance of going beyond the predominant perspective associated with the utilitarian and rationalized understanding of embeddedness in relationship networks.

Originality/value

This study makes essential contributions. Initially, it attests to the utilitarian perspective of Granovetter’s embeddedness while suggesting incorporating two other dimensions into the metaphor. By highlighting this, this article stresses the need to reinterpret the metaphor of embeddedness and how entrepreneurship scholars use it. Further, by emphasizing the need to consider embeddedness in networks beyond its still utilitarian perspective, this paper highlights unexplored opportunities for entrepreneurship scholars.
Auditor distraction and audit quality
Authors: Chang Chengyee Janie , Li Yutao , Luo Yan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how auditors would react when there are exogenous negative shocks to their client portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 31,256 firm-year observations (2001–2016), the authors investigate whether industry shocks to a subset of an auditor’s clients distract the auditor and affect the professional skepticism applied in the audits of other clients.

Findings

The authors find that clients of distracted auditors are more likely to meet or beat analyst consensus forecasts, suggesting that auditors’ professional skepticism is compromised by distractive events. The cross-sectional analyses reveal that the negative impact of the distractive events on audit quality is more pronounced when the distracted auditors audit less important clients, face lower third-party legal liabilities and experience higher growth. Using an alternative measure of audit quality, the additional analysis shows that clients of distracted auditors exhibit a higher probability of restating their earnings in subsequent years. Overall, the empirical evidence suggests that when distracted, auditors render lower quality audit.

Originality/value

The study complements recent work by Cassell et al. (2019), which shows that the 2008–2009 financial crisis affected the quality of the audits of nonbank clients of bank-specialized auditors. While Cassell et al. (2019) focus on one shock (financial crisis) to one industry (i.e. the financial services industry), the study examines more frequent shocks over a wide range of industries to identify the potential effects of distractive events, improving the generalizability of the findings to all industries and all auditors (specialist and nonspecialist) in nonrecession periods.
RsmA3 modulates RpoS through the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway in response to H2O2 stress in the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Yu Xun , Meng Cui , Tan Xiaocheng , Su Yuwei , Cao Zhiping , Hwang Tzann‐Shun , Li Lin
Published: July 2022

Reactive oxygen species are a fatal challenge to the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, we reveal that the global regulatory protein RsmA3 from the RetS‐Gac/Rsm signalling pathway modulates RpoS in the early‐log growth phase in the P. syringae wild‐type strain MB03, thereby regulating oxidative tolerance to H2O2 and ultimately affecting pathogenicity to the host plant. Following increased H2O2 by external addition or endogenous induction by menadione, the resistance of the mutant strain ΔretS to H2O2 is significantly enhanced due to rapid increases in the transcription of Rsm‐related non‐coding small RNAs (nc sRNAs), a sigma factor RpoS, and H2O2‐detoxifying enzymes. Moreover, the ΔretS mutant is significantly less pathogenic in cucumber leaves. Seven Rsm‐related nc sRNAs (namely, rsmZ, rsmY and rsmX1–5) show functional redundancy in the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway. External addition of H2O2 stimulates increases in the transcription of both rsmY and rsmZ. Thus, we propose a regulatory model of the RetS‐Gac‐Rsm signalling pathway in P. syringae MB03 for the regulation of H2O2 tolerance and phytopathogenicity in the host plant.
‘LET'S BEAT CRIME TOGETHER’: Corporate Mobilizations for Security in Karachi
Authors: Gayer Laurent , Russo Sophie
Published: July 2022

The Citizens‐Police Liaison Committee (CPLC) was launched in 1990 by a group of Karachi‐based industrialists, with the aim of improving police performance and restoring public order in Pakistan's major business hub. Over the years, CPLC members developed a unique informational capital as well as analytical and operational skills, which were recognized as a form of expertise by law enforcement agencies and contributed to the entrenchment of the organization into the security state. This corporate mobilization for security, understood as a form of collective action organized by entrepreneurs for the protection of their lives, properties and economic activities, imposed its writ in the city's industrial zones. The expert system of the organization was then repurposed toward the surveillance of factory workers, the defense of industrial order and the regulation of circulatory flows across the estates. By engaging with the growing body of work on the new military urbanism through the lens of the risk‐theory literature on policing, the article aims to contribute to ongoing debates about the transformations of labor relations and urban citizenship under a new regime of securitization fed by ever‐thicker chains of interdependence between capital and coercion.
Identification and characterization of the key volatile flavor compounds in black teas from distinct regions worldwide
Authors: Wang Qiushuang , Qin Dandan , Huang Guozi , Jiang Xiaohui , Fang Kaixing , Wang Qing , Ni Erdong , Li Bo , Pan Chendong , Li Hongjian , Chen Dong , Wu Hualing
Published: July 2022

Volatile flavor compounds in 112 black teas from seven countries were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC‐MS). Multivariate statistical analysis and odor activity values (OAVs) were used to classify these samples and identify key odorants. A total of 140 volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), including 12 different groups, were identified, and alcohols were prevalent in China and India samples, accounting for 40.83% and 34.96% of the total VFCs, respectively. Eight volatile compounds with OAVs > 1 were identified as key active differential odorants in Chinese, Indian, and Sri Lankan samples, including linalool, pentanoic acid, methyl salicylate, hexanoic acid, 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, phenylethyl alcohol, geraniol, and β‐ionone. Linalool, pentanoic acid, and hexanoic acid in Indian black teas, phenylethyl alcohol in Chinese black teas, and 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, β‐ionone in Sri Lankan black teas could be used to discriminate different black tea groups. A total of 12–14 VFCs with OAVs > 1 were identified as key active aromatics in Chinese black tea sample. Linalool and benzeneacetaldehyde in Yingde (Guangdong) black tea, methyl salicylate in Taiwanese samples, and benzeneacetic acid in Anhui black tea could be used as biomarkers to distinguish them from other Chinese samples. Sensory evaluation results showed that most black teas presented the common sweet, floral odors, which were consistent with GC‐MS analysis. These results will contribute to characterize the odor metabolome of black teas and provide biochemical basis for identifying the authenticity of different black teas.

Practical Application

Linalool, pentanoic acid, and hexanoic acid in Indian black teas, phenylethyl alcohol in Chinese black teas, 1‐methyl‐naphthalene, β‐ionone, and methyl salicylate in Sri Lankan black teas could be used to discriminate black teas from the three countries. Linalool and benzeneacetaldehyde in Yingde black teas, methyl salicylate in Taiwanese black teas, and benzeneacetic acid in Anhui black tea are the potential biomarkers to distinguish these teas from other Chinese black teas.
Residual neuromuscular blockade in the ICU: a prospective observational study and national survey
Authors: Ross J. , Ramsay D. P. , Sutton‐Smith L. J. , Willink R. D. , Moore J. E.
Published: July 2022

Residual neuromuscular blockade is associated with significant morbidity. It has been widely studied in anaesthesia; however, the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in patients managed in the ICU is unknown. We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary ICU to determine the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade using quantitative accelerographic monitoring. We tested for residual neuromuscular blockade (defined as a train‐of‐four ratio < 0.9) before cessation of sedation in anticipation of tracheal extubation. We also surveyed 16 other ICUs in New Zealand to determine their use of neuromuscular monitoring. A total of 191 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence (95%CI) of residual neuromuscular blockade was 43% (36–50%), with a similar incidence observed in non‐postoperative and postoperative patients. There was a lower risk of residual neuromuscular blockade with atracurium than rocuronium (risk ratio (95%CI) of 0.39 (0.12–0.78)) and a higher risk with pancuronium than rocuronium (1.59 (1.06–2.49)). Our survey shows that, in New Zealand ICUs, monitoring of neuromuscular function is rarely carried out before tracheal extubation. When neuromuscular monitoring is undertaken, it is based on individual clinician suspicion and performed using qualitative measurements. No ICU reported using a quantitative monitor or a clinical guideline. The results demonstrate a high incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in our ICU patients and identify the type of neuromuscular blocking drug as a possible risk factor. Monitoring neuromuscular function before tracheal extubation is not currently the standard of care in New Zealand ICUs. These data suggest that residual neuromuscular blockade may be an under‐recognised problem in ICU practice.
Emergence of circulating influenza A H3N2 viruses with genetic drift in the matrix gene: be alert of false‐negative test results
Authors: Jørgensen Rikke Lind , Lerche Christian Johann , Pedersen Martin Schou , Kirkby Nikolai Soren , Botnen Amanda Bolt , Trebbien Ramona , Nilsson‐Møller Stephen , Pinholt Mette , Nielsen Alex Christian Yde , Westh Henrik , Lisby Jan Gorm , Schneider Uffe Vest
Published: July 2022

In March 2022, we observed samples with a negative fluorescent signal (60.5%, n = 43) for the influenza A matrix gene and a stronger positive signal for subtype A(H3N2). Forty‐three samples were positive in InfA (H3N2) (mean Cq 30.9, range 23.9–35.1), and 26 of the 43 samples were negative in InfA matrix (mean Cq 28.0, range 23.2–30.6). Our multiplex test is a laboratory‐developed four‐target, four‐color influenza A reverse‐transcription PCR assay targeting the matrix gene, subtypes A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09. Several samples were negative when retested on commercial influenza Point‐of‐Care assays. As the matrix gene is a stand‐alone target in most commercial diagnostic assays, we caution against false‐negative subtype A test results.
Psychomotor development in two‐year‐old Ivorian and Ghanaian children – Psychometric properties of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory
Authors: Barthel Dana , Kriston Levente , Yao Esther Doris , Fordjour Daniel , Armel Koffi Ekissi Jean , Eberhardt Kirsten Alexandra , Hinz Rebecca , Ehrhardt Stephan , Bindt Carola ,   International CDS Study Group
Published: July 2022

The assessment of psychomotor development in young children from low‐ and middle‐income countries is impeded due to the lack of tools specifically designed for these resource‐constrained contexts. This cross‐sectional study aimed at analysing the measurement properties of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory (KDI) in two‐year‐old children. We administered the KDI to 289 children from Côte d'Ivoire and 230 children from Ghana. The postulated internal structure with two first‐order latent variables (locomotor performance and eye‐hand coordination) that loaded on a second‐order latent variable (psychomotor functioning) was supported. The reliability of most factors and scales was sufficient. Interrater reliability of most items was acceptable. Correlations were weak between the scale scores and age and gender, respectively. The findings are limited by the restricted age range of the sample. Overall, the KDI showed promising measurement properties for the assessment of psychomotor performance in children from sub‐Saharan countries.
What psychological interventions are effective for the management of persistent physical symptoms (PPS)? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Swainston Katherine , Thursby Stacie , Bell Blossom , Poulter Hannah , Dismore Lorelle , Copping Lee
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Presentation of persistent physical symptoms is associated with increased health care utilization, yet clinical outcomes often remain suboptimal. This systematic review aimed to determine whether psychological interventions are effective for the management of PPS and if so, what are the features of the interventions and at what level of care are they delivered. The review also set out to establish which symptoms in those diagnosed with PPS can be effectively managed with psychological intervention.

Methods

Studies were included if they clearly reported a psychological intervention, specified the study sample as adults with a diagnosis of persistent physical symptoms, included a comparator and as a minimum an outcome measure of somatic symptoms. Risk of bias was assessed using the EPHPP. Meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the overall effect of interventions on somatic symptoms (the primary outcome), anxiety and depression (secondary outcomes).

Results

Seventeen papers of varying quality indicated that psychological interventions can be effective for the management of somatic symptoms reported by individuals with PPS within a primary care setting. Psychological interventions were also found to be effective at reducing depression symptoms in individuals with PPS in twelve of the included studies. However, the meta‐analysis results suggest that the psychological interventions utilized within eleven of the included studies did not significantly impact anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

Psychological interventions have some success in managing somatic symptoms in PPS patients within primary care settings although their effects on other psychological symptoms is more mixed. The review highlights the importance of establishing a clearer diagnostic classification to inform treatment trajectories and the need for appropriate training and support within a multi‐disciplinary team to enable the provision of such therapies.
Lived experience of CamAPS FX closed loop system in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents
Authors: Hood Korey K. , Garcia‐Willingham Natasha , Hanes Sarah , Tanenbaum Molly L. , Ware Julia , Boughton Charlotte K. , Allen Janet M. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Tauschmann Martin , Denvir Louise , Thankamony Ajay , Campbell Fiona , Wadwa R. Paul , Buckingham Bruce A. , Davis Nikki , DiMeglio Linda A. , Mauras Nelly , Besser Rachel E. J. , Ghatak Atrayee , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Fox D. Steven , Kanapka Lauren , Kollman Craig , Sibayan Judy , Beck Roy W. , Hovorka Roman ,   the DAN05 Consortium
Published: July 2022

Aim

To examine changes in the lived experience of type 1 diabetes after use of hybrid closed loop (CL), including the CamAPS FX CL system.

Materials and Methods

The primary study was conducted as an open‐label, single‐period, randomized, parallel design contrasting CL versus insulin pump (with or without continuous glucose monitoring). Participants were asked to complete patient‐reported outcomes before starting CL and 3 and 6 months later. Surveys assessed diabetes distress, hypoglycaemia concerns and quality of life. Qualitative focus group data were collected at the completion of the study.

Results

In this sample of 98 youth (age range 6‐18, mean age 12.7 ± 2.8 years) and their parents, CL use was not associated with psychosocial benefits overall. However, the subgroup (n = 12) using the CamAPS FX system showed modest improvements in quality of life and parent distress, reinforced by both survey (p < .05) and focus group responses. There were no negative effects of CL use reported by study participants.

Conclusions

Closed loop use via the CamAPS FX system was associated with modest improvements in aspects of the lived experience of managing type 1 diabetes in youth and their families. Further refinements of the system may optimize the user experience.
Sterling's farewell symphony: The end of the Sterling Area revisited
Authors: de Bromhead Alan , Jordan David , Kennedy Francis , Seddon Jack
Published: July 2022

When and why did Sterling Area countries stop holding sterling as the majority of their foreign exchange reserves? This paper takes a comparative approach to examine the relative importance of various determinants of adherence to sterling in its declining years as an international currency. Using an original cross‐national panel dataset covering the period 1965–79, we conduct survival analysis which systematically evaluates a comprehensive set of economic and political factors, at the country level as well as in international relations, about when and why countries chose to diversify their reserves away from sterling. Our results highlight the significance of international transactional factors in influencing adherence to sterling, while the effects of British geopolitical retrenchment, Commonwealth cultural ties, and distributional issues were more ambiguous and sensitive to local conditions. We also find that domestic political and historical factors, such as democracy and imperial legacy, played a role in sterling's international unravelling. Finally, we use our results to examine the experience of individual sterling countries and their decisions to diversify.
Facial emotion recognition and schizotypal traits: A systematic review of behavioural studies
Authors: Zouraraki Chrysoula , Karamaouna Penny , Giakoumaki Stella G.
Published: July 2022

Aim

Previous research has indicated that individuals expressing high schizotypal traits and patients with Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD), show deficits in facial emotion recognition, compared to low schizotypal or control groups. On the other hand, non‐significant findings also exist and the association of facial emotion recognition deficits with the different schizotypal dimensions is not well defined, thus limiting any conclusive outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to further clarify this relationship.

Methods

PsychInfo, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were systematically searched, and 23 papers with a cross‐sectional design were selected. Nineteen studies examined individuals with high schizotypal traits and four studies evaluated SPD individuals with behavioural facial emotion recognition paradigms and self‐report measures or clinical interviews for schizotypal traits. All selected studies were published between 1994 and August 2020.

Results

According to the evidence of studies, high schizotypal individuals and SPD patients have poorer performance in facial emotion recognition tasks. Negative schizotypy was related to lower accuracy for positive and negative emotions and faster emotion labeling while positive schizotypy was associated with worse accuracy for positive, negative and neutral emotions and more biases. Disorganized schizotypy was associated with poorer accuracy for negative emotions and suspiciousness with higher accuracy for disgust faces but lower total accuracy.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with the vulnerability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and support the idea that emotion recognition deficits are trait markers for these conditions. Thus, the effectiveness of early‐intervention programmes could increase by also targeting this class of deficits.
A critique of virtual court for intimate partner abuse victims in child welfare cases: Another layer of disadvantage for female victims?
Authors: Parsons Sharon
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this viewpoint and critique is to provide theoretical considerations as to why virtual court may exacerbate the existing disadvantages of intimate partner violence victims in child removal cases. As a backdrop, this paper uses a report of an unnamed but actual victim of intimate partner abuse and her experience in a child removal case in Florida.
Trace‐element composition of zircon in Kofu and Tanzawa granitoids, Japan: Quantitative indicator of sediment incorporated in parent magma
Authors: Sawaki Yusuke , Asanuma Hisashi , Sakata Shuhei , Abe Mariko , Ohno Takeshi
Published: July 2022

Zircon is one of the most important minerals in geochronologic research. Isotopic ratios and trace elements in zircons are expected to reflect those of their parent magmas. Many geochemical researchers have proposed various discrimination diagrams for zircon to indicate tectonic setting and to identify source rock. Because most detrital zircons accumulated at river mouths are derived primarily from granitoids, the classification of zircon within granitoids is potentially meaningful. In our research, we focused on sediment involvement during granitoid formation and tried to identify trace‐element compositions in zircon that are sensitive to variation in sediment incorporation. To accomplish this, we examined trace‐element compositions of both the granitoids and the included zircons in the Kofu granitic complex and the Tanzawa tonalitic plutons in Japan. Among the high‐field‐strength elements (Th, U, Ta, Nb, Hf, and rare earth elements), only Nb and Ta concentrations in the granitoids increased as the rate of sediment contribution increased. However, the zircon did not show such trends in Nb and Ta content. Zircon Y and P contents exhibited a positive correlation, indicating that xenotime substitution occurs to some extent. Because P exists as pentavalent ions in igneous systems, its presence likely affects the concentrations of pentads in zircon. When we divided the Nb and Ta contents by the P content, it became clear that zircon Nb/P and Ta/P ratios increase depending on sediment involvement. While some exceptions exist, we found that zircon Yb/Gd ratios also respond to sediment involvement. Our data further demonstrated that zircons in granitoids with significant sediment incorporation are characterized by low Ce/P contents, which is partly attributable to monazite crystallization before zircon saturation. This study demonstrates that combining these element ratios is useful for indicating sediment incorporation.
Non‐invasive and rapid quality assessment of thermal processed and canned tender jackfruit: NIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach
Authors: Babu Pritty Sushama , Pulissery Sudheer Kundukulangara , Chandran Sarathjith Madathiparambil , Mahanti Naveen Kumar , Pandiselvam Ravi , Jaganath Bindu , Kothakota Anjineyulu
Published: July 2022

Thermal processing of tender jackfruit is a promising approach to enhance its shelf life and thereby retain the health benefits associated with its inherent antioxidants and phytochemicals. This research looked at the prospective and suitability of near‐infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy (900–1700 nm) to assess the biochemical properties namely ascorbic acid (AA), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) of thermally treated (pasteurisation and sterilisation) tender jackfruit stored under different preservatives (2% brine, 0.1% KMS, and 0.3% citric acid) for a period of 5 months. The partial least square regression (PLSR) models were developed by using both raw as well as pre‐processed spectra. The pre‐processing of spectral data diminished the prediction accuracy of models. The models developed with raw spectral data reported best prediction accuracies for AA ( = 0.628; RMSEcv = 0.416 and RPDcv = 1.763), TFC ( = 0.915; RMSEcv = 1.909 and RPDcv = 3.719), and TPC ( = 0.882; RMSEcv = 0.032 and RPDcv = 3.013) as compared to models developed with pre‐processed spectral data. However, the lower prediction accuracies were observed in standard normal variate (SNV) pre‐processed data for AA ( = 0.449; RMSEcv = 0.51), TFC ( = 0.500; RMSEcv = 4.628), and TPC ( = 0.396; RMSEcv = 0.072). The standard error (SEP) values of AA, TPC and TFC were almost 1.5–2 times the standard error of laboratory (SEL); this implies the developed models have excellent performance. The results obtained in the present study affirmed that NIR spectroscopy in conjunction with appropriate chemometric techniques can be used for the rapid assessment of biochemical properties of thermal processed and canned tender jackfruit during transportation and storage.
Trader acceptability of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum Shum) genotypes and effect of bio‐control treatments on consumer sensory acceptability
Authors: Joseph Mulindwa , Geoffrey Sseremba , Tom Bbosa , Julian Nakanwagi Mildred , Brian Justus Musubire , Bishop Gerard James , Kabod Nahamya Pamela , Balyejusa Kizito Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Application of advanced agronomic practices may affect the sensory attributes of plant products. The study determined the trader physical acceptability of farmer preferred African eggplant (nakati) genotypes (E11, E15 and E16); and later studied the impact of bio‐control treatments; Trichoderma spp (TRI). and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on consumer sensory appeal of genotypes using standard sensory evaluation methods. The trader acceptability of genotypes based on leaf number, succulence, smoothness, colour, and shininess were significantly different; except for the hard‐textured leaves of E11 (P ≤ 0.05). Leaf appearance (E11) and stalk‐leaf quantity (E15 and E16) were preferred by high‐end and low‐end markets, respectively. Consumer sensory acceptability of bio‐control‐treated samples, above 85% of E15 and E16 was liked based on reduced bitterness (P ≤ 0.05). Using descriptive sensory tastes, results showed that soil bio‐control treatment with TRI during the light rain season significantly improved the palatability of E15 and E16. Therefore, use of TRI during light or dry season improves sensory appeal of nakati.
Association between interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) VNTR, gene polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility in Iranian population: Experimental and web‐based analysis
Authors: Ibrahimi Reza , Ibrahimi Mostafa , jamalzei Behzad , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Navari Mohsen , Moossavi Maryam , Khorasani Milad
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Growing evidence indicates that interleukins and its polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism can affect transcription rate, mRNA stability and also the resulting protein expression and activity. Hence, present study aimed to assess the possible association between interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) VNTR polymorphism, and breast cancer susceptibility in Iranian population. A total of 300 Iranian individuals, 150 breast cancer patients and 150 age‐matched healthy women, were included in this study. DNA extracted by salting out method and genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of the allele 2(5% vs. 22%) and the 2/2 genotype (22% vs. 46%) of IL‐1Ra VNTR polymorphism was significantly higher in healthy control compared to breast cancer patient: therefore, A2 allele may play a protective role against breast cancer and its progression (p = .0001 and OR = 0.105, 95% CI: [0.044–0.248]). The allele 2 and 2/2 genotype of the IL‐Ra VNTR polymorphism can be a protective factor against breast cancer susceptibility.
Deletion of serine racemase reverses neuronal insulin signaling inhibition by amyloid‐β oligomers
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhang Zhiwen , yang Yuanhong , liao Fei , Zhou Piansi , Wang Yan , Zhang He , Jiang Haiyan , Alinejad Tahereh , Shan Ge , Wu Shengzhou
Published: July 2022

Dysregulation of insulin signaling in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain has been extensively reported. Serine racemase (SR) modulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. This study aimed to examine whether SR regulates insulin synthesis and secretion in neurons, thereby modulating insulin signaling in the AD brain. Srr‐knockout (Srr−/−) mice generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 technique were used. Using immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization, levels of insulin protein and insulin(ins2) mRNA were significantly increased in the hippocampal but not in hypothalamic sections of Srr−/− mice compared with WT mice. Real‐time quantitative PCR revealed that ins2 mRNA from primary hippocampal neuronal cultures of Srr−/− mice was significantly increased compared with that from cultured neurons of WT mice. Notably, the secretion of proinsulin C‐peptide was increased in Srr−/− neurons relative to WT neurons. By examining membrane fractional proteins with immunoblotting, Srr−/− neurons retained ATP‐dependent potassium channels on plasmalemma and correspondingly contained higher levels of p‐AMPK. After treatment with Aβ42, the phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate at serine 616 636 (p‐IRS1ser616,636) were significantly lower, whereas p‐AKT308 and p‐AKT473 were higher in Srr−/− neurons than in WT neurons, respectively. The phosphorylated form of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase decreased in the cultured Srr−/− neurons relative to the WT neurons upon Aβ42 treatment. In contrast, phosphorylated protein kinase R remained at the same levels. Further, reactive oxygen species were reduced in cultured Srr−/− neurons under Aβ42 treatment relative to the WT neurons. Collectively, our study indicated that Srr deletion promoted insulin synthesis and secretion of proinsulin C‐peptide, thereby reversing insulin resistance by Aβ42. This study suggests that targeting the neuronal SR may be utilized to enhance insulin signaling which is inhibited at the early stage of the AD brain.

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A psychometric network perspective to oral health literacy: Examining the replicability of network properties across the general community and older adults from Brazil
Authors: Soares Gustavo Hermes , Bado Fernanda Maria Rovai , Tenani Carla Fabiana , Ribeiro Santiago Pedro Henrique , Jamieson Lisa M. , Mialhe Fábio Luiz
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the replicability of oral health literacy (OHL) network models across the general community and a sample of older adults from Brazil.

Methods

Data were obtained from two oral health surveys conducted with a total of 1138 participants. OHL was measured using the short form Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD‐14). A regularized partial correlation network was estimated for each sample. Dimensionality and structural stability were examined via exploratory graph analysis. Network properties compared included global strength, edge weights, and centrality estimates. Model replicability was examined fitting the general community model to the older participants' data.

Results

Six dimensions with the exact same item composition were detected in both network models. Only the Receptivity domain in the older adults sample yielded low structural stability. Strong correlations were observed between edge weights (τ: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.62–0.74) and between node strength estimates (τ: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.36–0.89). No statistically significant differences were found for global strength. The fit of the older adults sample to the HeLD‐14 network structure of the general community sample was satisfactory.

Conclusion

Network models OHL replicated across the general community and a sample of older adults. The psychometric network approach is a useful tool to evaluate the measurement equivalence of OHL instruments across populations.
Covid‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in periodontology: A narrative review
Authors: Drozdzik Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

The present review examined the available evidence on possible involvement of gingival tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Gingival tissue possess SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and transmission factors, among them ACE2 (angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2), which are the principal mediators of the virus cell invasion. Clinical observations reveal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in periodontal tissues and crevicular fluid, suggesting that the periodontium may act as an entry point for the virus and/or as a dissemination site. The preliminary observations prove infection potential of gingival crevicular fluid and shed epithelial cells from the periodontium. There are also findings on potential associations between periodontitis and Covid‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). PubMed and Scopus databases were used to search for suitable keywords such as: SARS‐CoV‐2, Covid‐19, oral virus infection, gingival crevicular fluid, oral mucosa, periodontium, gingiva, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine and the related words for relevant publications. Data extraction and quality valuation of articles were performed by the author. The review addressed seven major domains: periodontal structures as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection site, the periodontal changes under SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, potential associations between periodontitis and Covid‐19, periodontal oral care in Covid‐19, crevicular fluid as potential transmission factor and preventive measures. The search process in PubMed and Scopus was updated up to 31 March 2022. Finally 68 articles were retrieved for the final analysis, from the initial database searches. According to the inclusion criteria articles in English language without any date restriction were included. The included studies were mostly original articles, and published in 2020 and 2021 with the aim to describe Covid‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in periodontology. As a conclusion it can be stated that gingival tissues may play a role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Respiratory events with terlipressin and albumin in hepatorenal syndrome: A review and clinical guidance
Authors: Allegretti Andrew S. , Subramanian Ram M. , Francoz Claire , Olson Jody C. , Cárdenas Andrés
Published: July 2022

Hepatorenal syndrome‐acute kidney injury (HRS‐AKI) is a serious complication of severe liver disease with a clinically poor prognosis. Supportive care using vasoconstrictors and intravenous albumin are the current mainstays of therapy. Terlipressin is an efficacious vasoconstrictor that has been used for 2 decades as the first‐line treatment for HRS‐AKI in Europe and has demonstrated greater efficacy in improving renal function compared to placebo and other vasoconstrictors. One of the challenges associated with terlipressin use is monitoring and mitigating serious adverse events, specifically adverse respiratory events, which were noted in a subset of patients in the recently published CONFIRM trial, the largest randomized trial examining terlipressin use for HRS‐AKI. In this article, we review terlipressin's pharmacology, hypothesize how its mechanism contributes to the risk of respiratory compromise and propose strategies that will decrease the frequency of these events by rationally selecting patients at lower risk for these events.
The Potential of Children's Rearing Environment to Overcome Genetic Propensity for Low Reading Achievement
Authors: Leve Leslie D. , Harold Gordon T. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Ganiban Jody M. , Reiss David
Published: July 2022

Genetic studies show that children's reading achievement is in part genetically influenced, and intervention studies show that reading achievement can be increased by environmental interventions. However, correlational and mean‐level analytic strategies are rarely integrated into achievement research, potentially leading to misinterpretation of results. The parent‐offspring adoption design offers a novel opportunity to examine the independent and joint roles of genetic and rearing environmental contributions. The sample included 344 adopted children in first grade and their biological and adoptive parents. Results indicated that adoptees' reading scores were correlated with their biological parents' scores, but not with their adoptive parents' scores, suggesting genetic influences. In addition, examination of mean scores indicated that adoptees' scores were significantly greater than their biological parents' (p's < .001) for all subtests, suggesting promotive effects of the rearing environment. This pattern was present even when biological parents scored >1 standard deviation below the biological parent mean on achievement.