bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air Transport and its Socio-Economic Impacts
Authors: Vittek Peter , Van den Bergh Sarah , Zozuľák Radoslav , Helena Bínová
Published: February 2021

The initial motivation for studying and researching air transport socio-economic impacts is quantifying the value that air transport brings to the Czech Republic. The main challenge is to explore a methodology that would describe the macroeconomic and microeconomic relations within the Air transport industry. These relations will define the directions of the market forces flow and thus the Czech Republic’s value. The authors of the paper use an approach that follows methods and standards for collecting and processing economic and statistical data introduced by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Eurostat, and the Czech Statistical Office (CZSO). The authors incorporate economic definitions and standards published by the United Nations under the World Trade Organization (UNWTO) and other accounting and statistical entities, which results in creating a methodical description of chosen relations. The methodical description leads to the quantification of the value. In a practical sense, it is a matter of determining the origin of the data sets according to which the selected relations will be defined. The paper focuses on the expression of Air transport’s primary and secondary effects and the description of the proposals, which will be part of the methodology.
Biosimilars: development and investigation using achievements in modern biotechnology
Authors: Niyazov R. R. , Dranitsyna M. A. , Vasiliev A. N. , Gavrishina E. V.
Published: February 2021

Biosimilars are biological drug products that have an equivalent clinical profile with innovator biotherapeutics but are developed under a reduced program. To this end, specific comparability approaches are followed based on reverse engineering that involves a thorough analysis of the innovator biotherapeutics and the development of the version of the latter, which should be as much as possible similar with respect to structural and functional characteristics with the innovator. This approach includes the evaluation and comparison between the biosimilar and innovator biologic with respect to the molecular structure and impurity profile and of biological activity in in vitro settings as well as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunogenicity characteristics on human subjects. Where considered necessary, animal studies or phase 3 clinical studies might be performed when residual uncertainties remain in terms of biosimilarity, that could not have been resolved in the previous tests and trials. Any potentially inevitable differences should be insignificant for safety and efficacy. The state-of-the-art methods of biotechnology and analytics, when applied in line with the appropriate scientific and regulatory requirements, can allow developing similar biologics where no difference in the clinical profile exists with the respective innovator product. Available experience demonstrates the lack of major problems due to the incomparability between the biosimilar and corresponding reference biologics when applicable scientific standards and regulatory recommendations are met.
Correlation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) infertility treatment outcomes and body weight index in women of reproductive age
Authors: Druzhinina A. S. , Vitiazeva I. I. , Dimitrova D. A.
Published: February 2021

Backgraund: obesity/overweight in women are often the causes of menstrual dysfunction and infertility.

Aims: To identify the association between overweight/obesity and IVF outcomes.

Materials and methods: retrospective study — data of 1874 patients undergoing IVF in the Endocrinology Research Centre (2012–2019) was analyzed. Exclusion criteria: BMI <18.5 kg/m2, polycystic ovary syndrome, donation of ­oocytes, ectopic pregnancy, fertilization with partner’s epididymal/testicular sperm. The study included 1583 women aged 21–45 years (median 33.0 y.o. [30.0; 37.0], median BMI 23 kg/m2 [20.7; 26.2]). Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA application package (StatSoft). The threshold level of statistical significance is <0.05.

Results: Patients were divided into 5 groups (gr.): normal body weight (NBW) - 1061 people (ppl.) (gr. 1), overweight — 368 (gr. 2), class I obesity — 117 (gr. 3), class II obesity — 36 (gr. 4), class III obesity — 1 (gr. 5). In each group, the estimated pregnancy rate (PR) and its outcomes, the frequency of lightweight newborns (body weight at birth <2500g), newborns with NBW (2500-3999g), births with a large fetus (≥4000g) were measured. The PR didn’t differ: 34.6%, 34.5%, 30,7%, 41,7%, respectively, the woman in gr.5 got pregnant. Among 407 (74.4%) singleton pregnancies urgent delivery was registered in 71.91%, 67,57%, 70,83%, 60,0%, gr. 5 — no ­information. Premature birth: 7,66%, 5,41%, 8,33%, 0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 1st trimester: 18,30%, 25,68%, 20,83%, 40,0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 2nd trimester: 2,13%, 1,35% in gr. 2, 3, 4. Lightweight newborns: 8,81%, 11,36%, 6,25%, 0%. Newborns with NBW: 84,91%, 84,09%, 75,0%, 60,0%. Large-childbirth — 6,29%, 4,55%, 18,75%, 40,0%.

Conclusions: Correlation analysis of the dependence of PR and its outcomes on the BMI was not revealed (p=0.975 and p=0.469, respectively). Large fetus births were more often detected in obese patients (p=0.0016). A large prospective group is needed to expand the estimated body parameters to the IVF outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENT OF DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Octaviani Nadia Ayu , Widodo Sumardi , Wati Arinta Puspita , Sumekar Tanjung Ayu
Published: February 2021

Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is an aerobic exercise consisting of high intensity of physical exercise interspersed with low intensity of physical exercise. HIIT has been known that can improve cognitive function. Medical students has low physical activity that can affect on cognitive function including short-term memory. Short-term memory is important in learning process which can affect on academic performance. Objective: To determine the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on an individual’s short-term memory. Methods: This study used quasi experimental pretest and posttest design. The research subjects were 29 female students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University with the average age of 19-22 years with normal BMI, divided in 2 groups. Experimental group (n=14) was instructed to do 6 weeks of HIIT (3 times a week) and control group (n=15) was instructed to not to do any exercises. Short-term memory was measured with Scenery Picture Memory Test (SPMT). The significance of the data was analyzed with paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results : A significant increase (p<0.001) in memory score before and after HIIT, from 18.07±1.49 to 20.21±1.37. The posttest memory score of HIIT group (20.21±1.37) was significantly (p=0.034) higher than the control group (18.67±2.23). Meanwhile, the memory score at the pretest between the 2 groups was no significant differences (p=0.621). Conclusion: HIIT can improves short-term memory.Keywords: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Short-term Memory, Scenery Picture Memory Test (SPMT).
THE EFFECT OF GLYCOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN C TOPICAL IN FRECKLES EFFICACY
Authors: Wignjosoesastro Tiffani Sandradewi , Widyawati Widyawati , Sugianto Rahmat
Published: February 2021

Abstract Background: Freckles are small dark-spot hyperpigmentation on the face, upper body, and back of the hands. This hyperpigmentation develops as a result of melanocyte activity by the combination of genetic predisposition located on the basal layer and sun exposure. Glycolic acid and vitamin C are widely used as a depigmentation agent. The component of vitamin C is unstable, hence, it is often used more effective when it binds to other depigmentation agents, such as glycolic acid to develop better depigmentationObjective: The aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C in freckles.Methods: True experimental study with one group pre and post-test group design. Fifteen freckles patients with inclusion and exclusion criteria received combination therapy of glycolic acid and vitamin C topical for 30 days. Clinical evaluation using Freckles Refinement Score and photography was recorded before and after therapy. The statistical analyses used was Wilcoxon test.Results: There was a significant value (p = 0.000) for improvement of the Freckles Refinement Score after received the combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C topical.Conclusion: The combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C was effective for Freckles.
ANTIHYPERURICEMIC EFFECT OF RED GINGER POWDER AND LIME JUICE COMBINATION IN WISTAR RATS INDUCED HYPERURICEMIA
Authors: Purba Eva Susanty , Saphira Chikita Dian Rahma , Azzahara Salma Yasmine , Basyar Edwin , Muniroh Muflihatul , Gumay Ainun Rahmasari
Published: February 2021

Background: Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. Ginger and lime are natural ingredients that contain antioxidants and anti-inflammatory which could reduce blood uric acid levels. This study aims to prove the effect of red ginger powder and lime juice combination on uric acid levels of Wistar rats induced hyperuricemia.Methods: Experimental research with pre and post-test only control group design. Thirty Wistar male rats, aged 2-3 months, weighed 150-350 grams randomly divided into 5 groups. Group C1 was normal control group. Group C2 was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (300mg/kgBW). Group T1, T2, T3 were induced by potassium oxonate and orally administered by combination of red ginger powder (300, 600, 1200 mg/200gBW) and lime juice (2ml/150gBW). Blood samples in each group will be collected in 1 hour after treatment. Uric acid levels were measured using the TBHBA uric acid method.Results: Uric acid level in T1, T2, and T3 group was significantly lower than C2 group (p<0,05). The most effective dose to reduce uric acid levels was 1200mg/200gBW red ginger in combination with 2ml/150gBW lime juice (T3 group).Conclusion: Red ginger powder and lime juice may reduce the blood uric acid levels in Wistar rats induced hyperuricemia.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PUSKESMAS (PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER) MASARAN 1 SRAGEN REGENCY
Authors: Munthaha Muhammad Ilham Arifin , Widayati Retno Indar , Afriliana Liza , Candra Aryu
Published: February 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and residive inflammatory skin disease with mild to severe itching and occurs mostly in infant and children. The cause not certainty known and multifactorial.Objective: This study aims to Know the Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1, Sragen Regency.Method: This study is descriptive with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Secondary data retrieved from medical records atopic dermatitis patients at Puskesmas Masaran 1 in the period 1 January-31 December 2019 with a sample 248 people then analyze using a computer program.Result: The most atopic dermatitis sufferers were the adult age group (151 people), female gender (139 people),  not working (96 people), atopic history disease found in 112 patients, site of the most lesions was lower extremities (71 patients), and the choice therapy is polytherapy with three types of drugs in 103 patients. Types of drugs are corticosteroids (224 patients), antihistamines (212 patients), and vitamins/minerals (200 patients).Conclusion: Characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1 are the most age group is adults, gender is female, types of work is not working, atopic history is atopic dermatitis, and therapeutic options are corticosteroids, antihistamines, and vitamins/minerals.
THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES DURATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Manao Intan Lamy , Hutami Hesti Triwahyu , Rahmi Fifin Luthfia , Saubig Arnila Novitasari
Published: February 2021

Background: The prevalence of diabetic patients is increasing over the years. It will increase the incidence of microvascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient. Diabetic retinopathy is one of microvascular complication which is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient cause toxicity to the retina which cause nerve and vascular damage and death to the retina. In this study was analyzed the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy associated with many cases of delay in diagnosing diabetes recentlyObjective: This study aims to investigate the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathyMethods: A cross-sectional design was performed by collecting data from the medical records of diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in Diponegoro National Hospital in July-December 2019 using purposive sampling method. Research subjects were 51 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi Square test with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence was more in the age group of 51-60 years (45,1%), female (58,8%), diabetics <5 years (41,2%), and PDR (72,6%). Chi Square analysis shows no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0,881)Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy
Selective mutism and shyness. Differential diagnosis and strategies supporting child development
Authors: Podgórska-Jachnik Dorota
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of extreme reticence or selective speech in a child, categorised as selective mutism and shyness. Selective mutism is an increasingly recognized disorder among preschool and school children. It manifests itself functionally in the sphere of speech and communication, but in relation to the anxiety factor. As an anxiety disorder, it is categorised in the latest medical classifications ICD-11 and DSM-5, and therefore, primarily psychological or psychiatric therapeutic intervention could be expected. The specificity of the pathomechanism of selective mutism, however, requires interdisciplinary activities, with a room for a speech therapist, a special pedagogue (e.g. at a public school as a supporting teacher), any other pedagogue working with the child (educator, teacher of integrated classes, subject teacher), other specialists (therapist pedagogue, physiotherapist), as well as the parents. The speech therapist may play a special role in the diagnosis of mutism in the conditions of inclusive education, as he will probably be the first specialist who will receive a child who is not speaking or very taciturn at a public school. In the article, the diagnosis of selective mutism is associated with the differential diagnosis of shyness, which may not be treated as a disorder, but only a certain personality trait, but with incompetent pedagogical support in everyday educational practice it can lead to more serious difficulties, including logophobia and mutism. The diagnosis of mutism requires specialised therapeutic measures, but with the awareness of the differences in the situations of a shy child and a child with mutism, it is worth learning some supportive strategies that are useful in both cases.
Development of language skills and conditions for psychosocial development of children and youth in multilingual families
Authors: Zawichrowska Marta
Published: February 2021

This paper serves as a contribution to the debate on the author’s studies concerning the correlation between the development of linguistic competence and the conditions for the psychosocial development of children and youth in multilingual families. The following deliberations present the point of view of a neurological speech therapist and concerns language difficulties, which are prevalent in multilingual people. This paper was based on the author’s own studies and patient observations. The objective was to show that the linguistic and psychosocial development of people in bi- and multilingual families is different and carries additional risks. The following considerations lead to the final conclusion that being a citizen of the world and immersion in many cultures can be a beautiful adventure for a young person; in which they should be supported by family, teacher and multilingual speech therapist.
Speech therapy students’ attitudes to the use of ICTs in speech therapy practice
Authors: Wiśniewska Justyna
Published: February 2021

The article presents research results on the possibility of using ICTs in a speech therapist’s practice. The results of the study show that students have changed their view of the place of ICTs in speech therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed their attitudes towards ICTs. For them, this crisis has become an opportunity for the development of their own skills to use ICTs in their future professional work.
Assessment of the language, communication and interaction competences and skills of a patient with aphasia following aneurysm clipping and diagnosed symptomatic epilepsy
Authors: Gliwa Renata
Published: February 2021

The article describes a case of a patient with aphasia, diagnosed with symptomatic epilepsy seizures after aneurysm clipping. A speech therapy diagnosis was made, consisting of patient observation, analysis of clinical documentation and speech test results. The subject was diagnosed with disorders of linguistic competence and skills caused by the presence of acoustic-mnestic aphasia. Their consequences are dysfunctions in terms of communication and interaction skills and abilities.
Ewolucja makiawelizmu jako konstruktu teoretycznego
Authors: Chojnowska Katarzyna , Sokolski Mikołaj
Published: February 2021

„Ewolucja makiawelizmu jako konstruktu teoretycznego” przedstawia zjawisko makiawelizmu jako przedmiot badań, które w swojej materii podlega ewoluowaniu. Poprzez analizę badań i treści artykułów dot. makiawelizmu autorzy przedstawiają początkowe oraz współczesne podejścia do zjawiska, prezentując kolejne etapy jego modyfikowania. Potwierdzają postawione hipotezy i wskazują, że w wyniku ewoluowania wnioski poczynione na początku badań nad makiawelizmem w swoim założeniu były błędne, ponieważ, co potwierdzają przedstawiane badania, makiawelizm jest psychiczną dysfunkcją. Autorzy zauważają jednak, że sam makiawelizm bardzo mocno odszedł od swojego „pierwowzoru”, ponieważ istnieje niewiele publikacji dot. makiawelizmu jako „doktryny politycznej”.
Hiszpańska scena polityczna po wyborach parlamentarnych z 2019 roku – kierunki, wyzwania
Authors: Włodarczyk Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Od 2015 r. Hiszpania nie przełamała impasu politycznego, a jej obywatele poszli do urn wyborczych czterokrotnie – ostatni raz 10 listopada 2019 r. Problemem jest niemożność utworzenia stabilnego większościowego gabinetu, czego przykładem jest rządząca od czerwca 2018 r. Hiszpańska Socjalistyczna Partia Robotnicza (PSOE). Po ostatnich wyborach doszło do zawarcia umowy z blokiem Unidas Podemos o utworzeniu koalicji. Przed nowym rządem stoi jednak wiele wyzwań, których rozwiązanie będzie kluczowe dla wyjścia Hiszpanii z kryzysu politycznego. W artykule ukazano najważniejsze wydarzenia poprzedzające listopadowe wybory z 2019 r., uwzględniając również zmianę systemu partyjnego w Hiszpanii, czynniki, które wpłynęły na taki stan rzeczy oraz analizę bieżącej sytuacji.
„Baltophobia”, czyli wojna informacyjna Rosji w państwach bałtyckich
Authors: Orłowska Julia
Published: February 2021

Litwa, Łotwa i Estonia są jedynymi państwami wchodzącymi w skład byłego ZSRR, które współcześnie przynależą zarówno do Unii Europejskiej, jak i do Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego, przez co zajmują specjalne miejsce na mapie interesów swoich wschodnich sąsiadów. Praca ma na celu wykazać, że wojna informacyjnawymierzona w państwa bałtyckie jest elementem i przejawem szerszej strategii Federacji Rosyjskiej, wykraczającej daleko poza wspomniany region. Na podstawie analizy kilkuset przekazów medialnych z lat 2016–2020, wyciągnięto wnioski na temat ostatnich trendów i metod prowadzenia kampanii dezinformacyjnych, jak i przedstawiono główne narracje na płaszczyźnie wspólnotowej, politycznej, społecznej, historycznej i gospodarczej.
TÜRK SİGORTA SEKTÖRÜNDE HAYAT DIŞI BRANŞLARDA FAALİYET GÖSTEREN ŞİRKETLERİN PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KÖSE Ali , DİKME Bahar
Published: February 2021

Rekabetin yoğun olduğu sektörlerde işletmelerin var olabilmek ve sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayabilmek için gelişen teknoloji ve değişen hedef kitleye ayak uydurmaları gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle işletmeler genellikle dönem sonlarında bazen de dönem aralarında çalışmalarını gözden geçirerek hem belirlenen hedeflerin gerçekleşme oranlarına hem de kârlılık durumlarına dikkat etmelidirler. Bu eksende faaliyetlerini ve kârlılıklarını etkileyen finansal değişiklikleri dönemsel olarak değerlendirmeleri gerekmektedir. Çalışmada hayat dışı branşta faaliyet gösteren sigorta şirketlerinin sektördeki performans değerlemesi çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri arasından TOPSIS ile yapılarak yıllar bazında değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, özkaynakları, sabit varlıkları, toplam giderlerine ve tazminata ilişkin ödemeleri, acente, broker ve banka acente sayıları ile kârlılık değerleri yüksek olan şirketlerin performans sıralamasında üst sıralarda yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Non-invasive attempts to extinguish flames with the use of high-power acoustic extinguisher
Authors: Stawczyk Paweł , Wilk-Jakubowski Jacek
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an innovative method of extinguishing of flames using a high-power acoustic extinguisher. This method allows for effective and non-invasive extinguishing of the flames. Experimental results showing the effectiveness of the fire extinguisher for different distances from the flame source and different frequencies of the acoustic wave are discussed. The paper ends with the description of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the proposed fire extinguishing method.
Zajedno smo jači: iskustva Odsjeka za kulturno-prosvjetne aktivnosti Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva u oblikovanju novih obrazovnih sadržaja
Authors: Hofgräff Darija , Pupić-Bakrač Anamarija
Published: February 2021

Cilj rada je ukazati na iskustva Odsjeka za kulturno-prosvjetne aktivnosti (dalje: KPA) Hrvatskog državnog arhiva (dalje: HDA) koji već dugi niz godina nastoji pratiti trendove koji nisu isključivo vezani uz organizaciju godišnjih manifestacija u Arhivu, već su u potrazi za novim sadržajima koji tematski, ali i interpretacijski nameću nove trendove u kreiranju odgojno-obrazovnih aktivnost, što kod učenika/studenata potiče sposobnost vještine povijesnog istraživanja i analize vrijednosnih povijesnih tema, uz poticaj informacijske pismenosti. O značaju obrazovnih progama Arhiva svjedoče i rezultati učeničke/studentske ankete iz koje je vidljivo da oni podržavaju nastavu u arhivima, jer je ona obogaćena didaktičkim pomagalima, što je puno zanimljivije od učenja i reproduciranja gradiva napamet. Stoga treba poticati suradnju arhiva s odgojno-obrazovnim institucijama i nadležnim ministarstvima, jer ona doprinosi kvalitetnijoj koncepciji obrazovnih programa u arhivima.
La recuperación de los biografemas en el campo de los estudios biográficos: Barthes, Dosse y el devenir de un método inconcluso
Authors: Meijide Casas Sergio
Published: February 2021

Aunque Roland Barthes ha sido generalmente presentado como aquel que puso fin a cierto interés por la autoría, sus escritos de comienzos de los años setenta problematizan su simple adscripción a la tesis de la muerte del autor, anticipando la vuelta a la biografía que tendría lugar posteriormente y que se extiende hasta nuestros días. El objetivo de este texto es recuperar sus reflexiones poco sistemáticas sobre los biografemas para explicar, por una parte, cómo han sido recibidas en el pensamiento de François Dosse, eminente teórico de la biografía y la historia cultural, así como en el quehacer de algunos otros biógrafos; y, por otra, cómo puede articularse tal concepto como una metodología que escape a la ficción textualista con la que habitualmente se ha asociado.
Del silencio a la narración de mujeres en pueblos originarios. Historias de violación
Authors: González Reyes Alba Hortencia
Published: February 2021

Los relatos de mujeres sobre la traumática experiencia de violencia sexual en su infancia, forman parte del género biográfico de ancianas, mujeres adultas y jóvenes en pueblos originarios del centro norte del estado de Veracruz, México. La violación como trágica herencia interseccional que enmascara vicios privados con virtudes públicas de un deber ser femenino según marca la tradición cultural. Como orientación de sentido se propone en este escrito que, las historias de vida en espacios interculturales son hechos cotidianos que fortalecen una historia de normalización de una sexualidad violenta hacia niñas que legitima prácticas represoras y el silencio social. Género es la herramienta analítica en la historia social que nos permite el examen de las narrativas de historias de vida engarzadas por la impunidad y la violencia, bajo una tolerancia difusa de las normativas tradicionales y gubernamentales.

Palabras clave. Biografía, género, violencia sexual, normativas y tradición.
De lo particular a lo general. La biografía y el contexto en el caso de Fulgencio Batista
Authors: Alcántara Janeiro Andrea
Published: February 2021

La consideración de la biografía como herramienta al servicio de la Historia ha variado sustancialmente desde el fin de los paradigmas historiográficos en la década de los ochenta del siglo XX. La renovación de la biografía conlleva un debate acerca de su naturaleza y sus límites, por el cual el género supera los arcaicos clichés decimonónicos que se le solían atribuir. En nuestro caso, a través de un estudio biográfico sobre el cubano Fulgencio Batista, pudimos comprobar cómo la biografía resultó ser el enfoque más propicio para, no solamente ilustrar las etapas de la vida pública y privada del personaje, sino también para retratar la época en la que este gobernó Cuba. Dando prioridad al contexto histórico que el personaje asimiló en sus primeros años de vida, y a las nociones que aprehendió de su entorno, entendimos al sujeto como resultado del tiempo histórico en que vivió.
Ernesto da Silva (1868-1903) y la biografía de líderes obreros en Portugal
Authors: Peralta García Beatriz Peralta
Published: February 2021

Los líderes obreros han recibido, en general, muy poca atención por parte de los historiadores, que se han ocupado más de estudiar las organizaciones obreras (surgimiento, desarrollo, dificultades de implantación entre las masas de asalariados, etc), o su papel en la historia política contemporánea. Con excepción de sus líderes más conocidos, que protagonizan sus fuentes, biografíar a otros menos celebrados es una cuestión de alguna dificultad para el historiador, que debe resolver imaginativamente su mayor problema: la falta de reflejo en las fuentes habituales tales como la prensa, actas de reuniones, opúsculos, panfletos, textos programáticos…, etc. Este artículo se acerca a la biografía de los líderes socialistas del siglo XIX a través de la pervivencia de su memoria en los militantes socialistas coetáneos, hasta alcanzar a los historiadores profesionales.
Ignacio Torres Giraldo y Juan de Dios Romero. Dos Trayectorias biográficas en el deslinde de la izquierda colombiana, 1933-1936
Authors: Holguín Pedroza Jorge Albeiro
Published: February 2021

Este artículo trabaja en perspectiva comparada las trayectorias biográficas de Ignacio Torres Giraldo y Juan de Dios Romero Guarín. El primero, posee un destacado lugar en la historiografía colombiana debido a su liderazgo en el Partido Comunista de Colombia (PCC) y sus actividades como escritor; el segundo, ha sido presentado como una figura marginal y muchas veces negativa por el PCC o investigadores afines a su linea política. El texto se concentra en los años centrales de la década de 1930 y examina cómo desde las trayectorias de los dos personajes se pueden comprender mejor las formas de diversificación de la acción colectiva de los trabajadores y las novedosas alianzas entre distintos movimientos sociales y partidos políticos. El trabajo analiza archivos personales desconocidos por los historiadores hasta hace unos años.
Dalla demolizione del passato marxista al nuevo Chile. Propaganda e “guerra psicologica” nel primo anno di goberno della dittadura di Augusto Pinochet
Authors: Guida Alessandro
Published: February 2021

La dittatura di Pinochet non governò esclusivamente attraverso la violenza fisica. Sul “fronte interno” la popolazione venne “conquistata” anche attraverso una manipolazione che fu implacabile e che venne condotta attraverso tutti i mezzi disponibili. In una fase iniziale, la propaganda e la “guerra psicologica” del regime ebbero a che vedere con i “guasti” prodotti dal governo Allende e con l’antimarxismo in generale. Parallelamente, prevalsero il richiamo a valori quali l’unità della nazione, la moralità, la necessità di ripristinare virtù e simboli tradizionali, nonché il tentativo di compattare la popolazione intorno agli obiettivi nazionali della Giunta. Il tutto si produsse nel quadro di una versione specifica e originale della “Dottrina della sicurezza nazionale”, che iniziò a operare sin dalle prime battute della dittatura. Verso la metà del 1974 iniziò a manifestarsi la necessità di un cambio di rotta nella strategia comunicativa, che rispondeva a ragioni sia di ordine interno che esterno.
Dissolution of bamboo hemicellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide-based ionic liquids
Authors: Yuan Lin , Peng Hong , Hu Lifang , Yu Ruobing , Peng Wenyi , Ruan Roger , Xia Qi , Zhang Yu , Liu Aihong
Published: February 2021

Understanding the dissolution of hemicellulose in ionic liquids (ILs) is important in order to explore efficient utilization of ILs for fractionating lignocellulose and extracting hemicellulose. In this study, three ILs, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-ium bromide (BmimBr), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BmimI), were used as solvents to dissolve bamboo hemicellulose over the temperature range of 80 °C to 150 °C. Representative hemicellulose with a solubility higher than 9.0 g/100 g IL was regenerated and characterized. The interaction between the hemicellulose and ILs was evaluated using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the solubility of hemicellulose in the ILs was in the following order: BmimCl > BmimBr > BmimI. Though moderate degradation of the hemicellulose possibly occurred during dissolution, the main chain of the hemicellulose was almost unchanged. The enhanced solubility of the hemicellulose was because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl proton of the hemicellulose and anion of the ILs.
Deformation and surface color changes of beech and oak wood lamellas resulting from the drying process
Authors: Barański Jacek , Konopka Aleksandra , Vilkovská Tatiana , Klement Ivan , Vilkovský Peter
Published: February 2021

The drying process was examined relative to parameters’ influence on the deformation and surface layer color changes of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak wood (Quercus robur L.). The goal was to analyze the impact of drying process conditions, wood and growth rings types, and load on the deformation and surface color changes of drying thin wooden elements. A further aim was to reduce the time of the lamella drying and minimize wood products defects. During each drying, 40 pieces of wood were dried, divided into two groups. For the first group, 30 pieces were dried under a uniformly distributed load of approximately 50 kg, while for the second group, 10 samples were dried without weight. The lamellas dried under load exhibited fewer cup, bow, and twist deformations than the lamellas dried without load. Cracks in the dried lamellas occurred comparably in those dried under and without load. Color changes in the specimens before and after drying were observed and measured. The differences in colorimetric parameters (a, b, and L) between wood without defects and with defects were less marked after drying than before drying. The color changes were only noticed in the surface layers of the specimens.
Thermal and Compositional Analysis of Orange Essential Oil Obtained from Citrus Industry Waste
Authors: Gabriel Ferreira  , Louise Sobral  , Daniel W. Barreto  , Verônica Calado
Published: February 2021

During the production of orange juice, more specifically after the commercial extraction of fruit juice, other waste materials are generated, consisting of peel, pieces of membranes, pulp bagasse, juice vesicles and seeds. In this way, the final destination of the waste can become a problem when not managed correctly. Therefore, there are several possibilities for using these solid residues, as they present substances of great commercial interest. In this perspective, the present work evaluates the recovery of orange essential oil from the citrus industry waste using hydrodistillation. The oil obtained was characterized by acidic index, FTIR, GC / MS, TGA and DSC. The results exhibited that oil isolated by hydrodistillation has a similarity with cold-pressed orange oil. The chemical constitution of oil obtained from waste was almost the same as the commercial orange oil analyzed. However, the thermal behaviour presents a few differences in thermal stability and vaporization temperature between analysed essential oils. Therefore, this work produces an alternative to obtain a product with quality, high yields and added value that can be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Integration of Video Games in Teaching and Learning at School: Use, Analyze, Make-create
Authors: Ivanauskienė Gintė Marija
Published: February 2021

This article aims to reveal different ways of integrating video games, and emerging challenges in Lithuanian schools. The integration of computer games is exposed by selecting the project Big Small Screens. Media Literacy in Schools of Lithuania and analyzing the experience of teachers who participated in this project. The research showed that the project activities invite teachers and pupils to change the perspective of their view and become critics or creators. However, while the integration of video games can bring many positive results, this process also contains a number of challenges. Therefore, after the end of the project, the possibilities for further integration of video games into formal education remain limited.
Borders of a Game: Analysis of the Practical Phenomenology and Other Trends of Nowadays
Authors: Voidogaitė Viktorija
Published: February 2021

This article, through a prism of reduction, focuses on the gaming of practical phenomenology (M. van Manen), logical atomism (L. Wittgenstein), rhizomatic movement (Deleuze) as well as anthropocene moods in the playground of the education science. It also considers the practical manisfestatation of these fashionable philosophical methodologies and possible perspectives in the modern-day education. The text of the article joins the ideas of different methodologies to a critical gaming.
Facing COVID 19 pandemic: experience from a clinical microbiology laboratory in Spain
Authors: AI Tristancho-Baro , P Egido , D Ortega , S Mormeneo-Bayo , A Rezusta
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To calculate the turnaround time of results to be able in the electronic medical record. Postulate some available tools regarding laboratory management to assume full response in an increasing demand scenario. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of all samples reaching the lab since February 17 until May 10 was performed using LIS. Records of personnel management and equipment delivery were consulted. Time to results was measured as the difference in hours between time of analytic request and the date of result upload to the electronic medical record. Results: Time to result started at 24 hours and continually decreased over time reaching stability on week 10 around 6.5 hours. Active measurements taken fall into groups: personnel management, Laboratory schedules and technical capacity. Conclusion: Adoption of an uninterrupted sample processing method (24/7) and the implementation of high throughput systems are the best options for increasing results performance, where other measurements like redistributing and re train personnel would be more successfully implemented. Keywords: clinical laboratory services, SARS-CoV-2, medical laboratory personnel, clinical laboratory techniques, health policy, COVID-19
ПТАШИНІ ЯЙЦЯ З ПОХОВАНЬ КУЛЬТУРИ ЧЕРНЯХІВ − СИНТАНА-ДЕ-МУРЕШ
Authors: Гопкало Оксана , Рудич Тетяна
Published: February 2021

У роботі проаналізовано дані по одній із груп зооархеологічного матеріалу, а саме − щодо яєць птахів, із поховань культури Черняхів − Синтана-де-Муреш. Пташині яйця трапляються в 111 поховальних комплексах, що становить 2 % загальної кількості введених у науковий обіг поховань культури. У похованнях представлені яйця різних видів птахів, однак переважають курячі. Кількість їх у похованнях коливається від одного до 12, місце розміщення у просторі могили не уніфіковано. Яйця знайдено у похованнях жінок і чоловіків різних вікових груп, але найбільше – у дитячих похованнях. Звичай класти яйця до поховань був поширений у всьому культурному ареалі, однак найбільше їх виявлено в Північному Причорномор’ї. Очевидно, із цим регіоном пов’язано виникнення цієї традиції у черняхівському середовищі. Яйця зафіксовано в могилах від другого етапу існування культури. Найменша їх кількість – у похованнях із західним орієнтуванням, які вважають більш пізніми. У більшості випадків (97 %) яйця знаходять у похованнях із північним орієнтуванням, тому їх не розглядають як частину християнської атрибутики.  Традиція класти яйця до поховань, найімовірніше, прийшла з античного середовища, де їх здавна залишали на некрополях. Найбільше яєць у могилах черняхівської культури знайдено саме в регіонах, що межують з античним світом, і там, де у складі населення культури були елліни. Можливо, яйця були не лише напутньою їжею, а й мали певне змістове навантаження (для очищення і як апотропей). Яйце в античному світі було пов’язане з ідеями відродження, безсмертя та воскресіння (через культи Діоніса та Асклепія), які, вочевидь, були затребувані в суспільстві того часу.
Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Berbaju Pancasila, Bernapas Kolonial
Authors: Anwar Mashuril , Fathonah Rini
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The influence of Western values and ideology has infiltrated Indonesia's national legal instruments through deregulations which appear to always be in favor of the investor interest groups. This can of course be seen from the various laws made to protect the interests of capital owners, one of which is Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Job Creation Law). Based on the reasons for considering it, the Job Creation Law was formed to realize the goal of forming the Indonesian state government and to create a prosperous, just, and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, if we look closely, the considerations for the formation of the Job Creation Law tend to be economical, not welfare. Keywords: Pancasila, Colonial, Job Creation Act Abstrak: Pengaruh nila-nilai dan ideologi Barat telah meringsek masuk dalam instrumen-instrumen hukum nasional Indonesia melalui deregulasi-deregulasi yang tampak selalu berpihak kepada kelompok kepentingan pemodal. Hal Ini tentunya dapat dilihat dari berbagai  undang-undang yang dibuat untuk melindungi kepentingan pemilik modal, salah satunya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU Cipta Kerja). Berdasarkan alasan menimbangnya, UU Cipta kerja dibentuk untuk mewujudkan tujuan pembentukan pemerintah negara Indonesia dan mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera, adil, dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Namun apabila dicermati lebih lanjut, pertimbangan pembentukan UU Cipta Kerja ini cenderung ekonomisentris, bukan kesejahteraan. Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Kolonial, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Limitations on production methods for PHAs obtention: a systematic review
Authors: Alcaraz Zapata Wilman , Jaramillo-Sánchez Rubén
Published: February 2021

This systematic review shows the most important characteristics of the methods used for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Three databases were consulted: Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 66 publications were obtained. Cupriavidus necator was found to be the microorganism that generates more interest in the scientific community and the most tested one in different substrates, however, the highest productivity was reported in Azohydromonas lata, a low reported microorganism. The most common cultivation system was the fed-batch, easily used at the industrial level, although the continuous system could save time and potentially increase productivity. However, the type of substrate, the polymer to be produced and the metabolic characteristics and requirements of each microorganism, imply technical limitations, which are evidenced in this review in order to provide a better understanding about its advantages and disadvantages.
Stress-Strength Weibull Analysis with Different Shape Parameter β and Probabilistic Safety Factor
Authors: Baro Manuel , Piña Monarrez Manuel Roman , Villa Baldomero
Published: February 2021

Since products are subjected to a random variable stress-strength, their reliability must be determined using the stress-strength analysis. Unfortunately, when both, stress and strength, follow a Weibull distribution with different shape parameters, the reliability stress-strength has not a close solution. Therefore, in this paper, the formulation to perform the analysis stress-strength Weibull with different shape parameters is derived. Furthermore, the formulation to determine the safety factor that corresponds to the designed reliability is also given. And because the relationship between the derived safety factor and the designed reliability is unique, then because reliability is random, the derived safety factor is random.
Land cover classification at three different levels of detail from optical and radar Sentinel SAR data: a case study in Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Authors: Mancera Florez Juan Ricardo , Lizarazo Salcedo Ivan Alberto
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the potential of Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2A satellite images for land cover mapping is evaluated at three levels of spatial detail; exploratory, reconnaissance, and semi-detailed. To do so, two different image classification approaches are compared: (i) a traditional pixel-wise approach; and (ii) an object–oriented approach. In both cases, the classification task was conducted using the “RandomForest” algorithm. The case study was also intended to identify a set of radar channels, optical bands, and indices that are relevant for classification. The thematic accuracy of the classifications displays the best results for the object-oriented approach to exploratory and recognition levels. The results show that the integration of multispectral and radar data as explanatory variables for classification provides better results than the use of a single data source.
La geografía del turismo y la geografía de los animales intersectadas por la ética poshumanista
Authors: López López Álvaro , Quintero Venegas Gino Jafet
Published: February 2021

En la academia contemporánea, la geografía del turismo y la geografía de los animales se intersectan en el campo de la ética poshumanista —consideración filosófica de igualdad entre los animales humanos y no humanos—. Con base en una metodología de análisis del discurso se expone que la geografía del turismo devela al espacio como sistema complejo entre las regiones de emisión, tránsito y destino, y la geografía de los animales, centrada en la zooética poshumanista, revela que los animales no humanos pululan en el sistema turístico a través de su mercantilización. Aunque en el turismo se han reconocido acciones benéficas hacia los demás animales, son preponderantes las investigaciones que muestran la persistencia de su zooesclavitud. En el espacio emisor se difunden representaciones y se construyen imaginarios que incidirán en la explotación de los demás animales; en el espacio de tránsito resulta paradójica la preocupación por el bienestar de los animales de compañía con los que se viaja, mientras que otros son usados para movilizar a los turistas; en el espacio de destino los animales no humanos son el fin o el medio para concretar las apetencias de los visitantes a través de la observación, la comida, el abuso, etcétera.
Distribución e indicadores de cobertura y accesibilidad del espacio público en Manizales, Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Ospina Tania , Vásquez-Varela Luis R.
Published: February 2021

La cantidad de espacios públicos urbanos ha sido valorada de acuerdo con estándares internacionales establecidos como metas para las ciudades. En el contexto colombiano las investigaciones sobre indicadores de calidad del espacio público a escala de barrio no son comunes por razones que incluyen la falta de datos detallados. Este artículo presenta una valoración cuantitativa del espacio público basada en un análisis espacial intraurbano, mediante el uso de un sistema de información geográfica según cuatro variables: espacios públicos, zonas verdes, árboles urbanos y habitantes. El cumplimiento de indicadores se entorpece cuando el ordenamiento territorial municipal no utiliza instrumentos de gestión urbana para proveer, ordenar, diseñar, construir y mantener los espacios públicos. Asimismo, su gestión se dificulta cuando la planificación no corresponde con la distribución poblacional y las nuevas densidades según cambios de los parámetros de ocupación y aprovechamiento, usos o incremento de habitantes; incluso cuando hay nuevos usuarios, necesidades y actividades en el espacio público. En consecuencia, los procesos de planeación emprendidos no logran superar el déficit de espacios públicos ni mejorar la calidad de vida urbana, y persisten desigualdades ambientales en barrios con cobertura mínima o sin cobertura.