bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Shadowing Technique to Improve 7th_ Grade Students’ English Pronunciation. A Methodology
Authors: Vélez Barreto Gema Nathaly , Mendoza Saltos Rider Eloy
Published: February 2024

Correct English pronunciation is essential when communicating for international academic exchange, business, education, etc. In foreign language teaching, one of the elements of the oral skill that should be taught in lessons is pronunciation. In Ecuador, though, there is always a call to improve the students’ acquisition of their oral communicative competence, the students at different levels of education show deficiencies in pronunciation. Different reasons limit its development like lack of teachers’ motivation, preparation, time to teach it, effective teaching materials, media, and, techniques to be employed. One technique that can be used by teachers to enhance pronunciation is the shadowing technique. In this article, the results of the research developed by the author are presented and explained. This study was carried out to corroborate the feasibility of the application of a methodology for the improvement of 7th_ grade students’ English pronunciation at Flavio Alfaro # 52 Junior High School in Flavio Alfaro Canton, through the triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative results of an experiment in a class of 25 students, and questionnaire. This methodology containing four stages took into account the student’s previous knowledge and learning styles and its results showed that after the post-test, 72% of the students increased their grades. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology that uses the shadowing technique in the English lessons to favor the development of the 7th_grade English pronunciation.
Efectos de la Suplementación con Saccharomyces Cerevisiae en la Digestibilidad Proteica de Alimentos Peletizados para Cobayos
Authors: Iñiguez Heredia Franklin Alfredo , Mora Dumancela Hugo Alexander , Vera Cedeño Jhon Carlos , Quintuña Yansaguano Christian Geovanny
Published: February 2024

En este estudio, se aborda el desafío global de satisfacer la creciente demanda alimentaria mediante la evaluación de estrategias nutricionales eficientes y sostenibles para la cría de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) (Castro, 2002; Zhang et al., 1995). El artículo destaca el potencial del cuy como fuente alimentaria debido a su alto valor nutricional, manejo conveniente y capacidad de reproducción rápida. Se investiga la peletización de alimentos y la adición de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como alternativas para mejorar la eficiencia y calidad de las dietas (García, 2008; Arce et al., 2005). El estudio adopta un enfoque prospectivo, utilizando un diseño experimental basado en diferentes niveles de proteína y la suplementación con Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Criollo et al., 2019; Castro et al., 2016). Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con un 17% de proteína tiene un impacto significativo en el peso, el incremento de peso, el consumo de alimento y la conversión alimenticia de los cuyes. Aunque no se observan diferencias estadísticas en la composición proteica de las heces, los patrones numéricos sugieren un potencial beneficio de la suplementación. La discusión resalta la importancia de considerar la combinación de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y probióticos en la alimentación de cuyes para maximizar la eficiencia y productividad (Criollo et al., 2019; Castro et al., 2016). Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre estrategias nutricionales sostenibles para la cría de cuyes, ofreciendo perspectivas valiosas para la industria.
Una Contribución para el Modelado de Viscosidad de Petróleo Pesado en Condiciones de Operación de Pozo
Authors: Reyes González David , Arroyo Acosta David , Rodríguez Martínez Guadalupe , Borroto Pentón Yodaira
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo propone una nueva contribución de modelado entre la viscosidad del petróleo pesado y las condiciones de producción, en condiciones de aceite saturado y bajosaturado. El rango de aplicación está para aceites entre 10 y 21 °API. La dependencia de la viscosidad se establece con °API, relación de solubilidad, presión y temperatura para la región de aceite bajosaturado y la viscosidad del aceite muerto, presión y temperatura para la región de aceite saturado. Se utiliza una base de datos de 230 puntos experimentales de viscosidad y condiciones de producción de petróleo pesado. La base de datos se divide en dos grupos: bajosaturado y saturado, luego cada región se linealiza por la suposición de comportamiento logarítmico de los datos. El modelo matemático propuesto se obtiene en un procedimiento de dos etapas. Primero, se obtiene una correspondencia entre viscosidad y presión mediante un método de mínimo cuadrado modificado (MLSM), por sus siglas en inglés. La segunda etapa considera establecer una correlación entre el coeficiente independiente de MLSM y las condiciones de producción mediante el uso de una Regresión Lineal Múltiple. La correlación propuesta muestra buena concordancia con los datos experimentales. El error porcentual absoluto medio de hasta el 7% se informa para la región saturada, y para la región del bajosaturado, los valores de viscosidad calculados tienen una diferencia de hasta 1 cP a viscosidades más bajas y un Error Porcentual Absoluto Medio de hasta 5% a viscosidades más altas.
Diseño de un Programa Preventivo Empleando la NOM-037-STPS-2023 para una Muestra de Teletrabajadores Mexicanos
Authors: Duarte Beltrán Elizabeth , Flores Castillo Lilia Alejandra , Cid de León Carlos Vázquez
Published: February 2024

La NOM-037 de Teletrabajo; entro en vigor en el mes de diciembre del 2023, fue creada por la Secretaria de Trabajo y Previsión Social, para regular las obligaciones entre patrones y empleados que desempeñan el 40% de las actividades laborales en su domicilio. Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones físicas, ergonómicas y psicosociales, de los Teletrabajadores para diseñar un programa preventivo que reduzca los riesgos a los que se encuentran expuestos. Metodología: se dividió en 3 fases; Fase I.  Diagnóstico de las condiciones físicas, ergonómicas y psicosociales.  Fase II. Análisis de los resultados y Fase III. Propuesta de un programa preventivo. Resultados:  de los trabajadores encuestados con   home office  el 75% adaptó el comedor de su domicilio a oficina; sólo al 62.5% la empresa le asigno equipo de cómputo, en ningún caso de los entrevistados la organización les proporcionó silla ergonómica y el patrón  no  acudió a  verificar al domicilio las condiciones laborales, el 50%  no cuenta con protocolos ante posibles problemas con el wifi o del ordenador, para el 47.5% el factor físico  de mayor molestia es el ruido, el 50% presenta dolores musculares en la espalda y  el 32.5% tiene preferencias por esta modalidad ya que evitan el tráfico. Discusión: el trabajo remoto ha sido bien recibido por los colaboradores que lo llevan a cabo, ya que consideran que reduce el estrés, la ansiedad y genera un balance entre el trabajo y la vida personal. Conclusiones: los empleados que tienen que acudir a un centro de trabajo de forma obligatoria se encuentran menos satisfechos, ya que no tienen tiempo libre para ellos o para sus familias, además de enfrentar todos los días de la semana las normas rígidas de la oficina como el código de vestimenta; de comportamiento y de tiempo entre otros.
La Economía Social en Puebla; Moda o Alternativa para el Desarrollo. Un análisis del Programa Yo Compro Poblano
Authors: Castro Cuamatzin Hedwinoel , Martínez Carreño Beatriz
Published: February 2024

La Economía Social y Solidaria, es hoy una alternativa que ha trascendido exitosamente de las prácticas cotidianas y se ha instaurado en la política pública de muchos países. En el caso de México, la política nacional ha tenido altibajos representados por una disminución de presupuesto en los últimos años que la limitan para cumplir con sus objetivos, situación que no le otorga una mayor importancia y limita su alcance a sectores de población en situación de vulnerabilidad. No obstante, la Economía Social y Solidaria no se ha limitado al instituto y programa nacionales que la impulsan pues en 2017 surgió una propuesta considerada pionera en su tipo que involucra al gobierno municipal de Puebla y a otras instituciones educativas y privadas. Esta iniciativa lleva el nombre “Yo compro poblano”; el cual es un programa que tuvo difusión e importancia para el gobierno municipal que le dio origen y que, gracias al éxito obtenido entre la población ha trascendido al cambio de gobierno y una nueva convocatoria fue publicada en 2019. Sin embargo, los éxitos por los que se ha elogiado al programa también son susceptibles de cuestionarse y revisarse, no con la intensión de descalificar los esfuerzos de los diferentes actores involucrados sino con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar esta propuesta que, sin lugar a dudas, parece haber llegado para quedarse en el municipio de Puebla.
Desarrollo del Sistema de Salud Colombiano desde 1950 Hasta el Año 2021
Authors: Salazar Villegas Billy , Quintero Caicedo Yulieth Alexandra , Balanta Cano Karina , Lopez Mallama Oscar Marino , Andrade Díaz Karla Viviana
Published: February 2024

La evolución del sistema de salud colombiano desde la década de 1950 hasta el 2021 ha sido un proceso complejo y continuo. Comprender la historia del funcionamiento del sistema sanitario se vuelve crucial, ya que permite aprender de los errores pasados e identificar acciones acertadas para replicarlas y mejorarlas en la actualidad. El objetivo principal de este artículo se centra en contextualizar la evolución y los cambios fundamentales del sistema de salud colombiano desde 1950 hasta el año 2021. A pesar de la escasa bibliografía indexada anterior a 1993 (fecha de implementación de la ley 100), se llevó a cabo una revisión documental, en bases de datos y registros estatales. Además, se utilizaron buscadores booleanos para realizar exploraciones específicas. Con la información recopilada, se realizó un análisis de los principales cambios y actos legislativos durante un periodo de estudio de 71 años, dividido en tres etapas: Ministerio de Salud Pública (1946-1970), Sistema Nacional de Salud (1970-1992) y Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral (1993-2021). Como resultado de la investigación, se construyeron cuadros comparativos que describen la cobertura, accesibilidad y financiamiento de la salud en Colombia desde 1950 hasta el 2021.
Betel Leaf Diseases Classification using Machine Learning Algorithm: A Feasible Approach
Authors: Femi David  , Manapakkam Anandan Mukunthan
Published: February 2024

Even though the development in science and technology in various domains, agriculture is essential for humans to survive. It is mandatory to implement the development of science in the agriculture sector. There is a huge demand for agricultural workers because of lots of risk in production behind productivity. One of the major risks is diseases caused in plants. Our approach uses region of interest algorithms for image segmentation and feature extractions are done by GLCM and finally the diseases are classified with the help of ELM algorithm. These improvements in the classification of plant leaf diseases not only increase the precision and effectiveness of disease diagnosis, but also make it easier to accurately monitor vast fields of crops quickly. Due to its ability to precisely diagnose and categorize plant leaf diseases, the extreme learning machine technique is a novel strategy that has attracted a lot of attention. Additionally, this method has benefits over conventional image processing methods, which could find it difficult to categorize various plant leaf diseases. Research on betel leaf has received a lot of attention because of its possible medical benefits. Studies on its impact on dental health have been done because betel leaf extracts have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Approximately 1047 betel leaf images are captured to test our approach by taking five classes of diseases like Anthracnose, Phytophthora Foot Rot, Fusarium wilt, Bacterial Leaf Rot, Powdery Mildew. The model reports accuracy of 97%.
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN LITERASI NUMERASI UNTUK SISWA KELAS II SDI BAJAWA
Authors: Zembang Anastasia
Published: February 2024

Profil adalah gambaran tentang kemampuan literasi numerasi dasar siswa yang mencakup    kemampuan    mengenal    lambang    bilangan dan    kemampuan mengoperasikan  operasi  hitung  dasar untuk siswa SD kelas II di SDI Bajawa. Tujuan  dari  penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa  kelas II SDI Bajawa. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Subjek penulisan yaitu siswa dan guru kelas. Metode pengumpulan   data   yang   digunakan   dalam   penulisan   ini   adalah   observasi dan wawancara. Kemampuan mengoperasikan   operasi   hitung   dasar   siswa   rata –rata   sudah   mampu mengoperasikan  operasi  hitung  pengurangan  dan  penjumlahan.  Untuk  operasi hitung  perkalian dan pembagian,  siswa  yang  mampu  mengerjakan  soal  perkalian masih sedikit yang lain belum. Upaya  yang  dilakukan  guru  dalam  mengajar numerasi adalah memberikan motivasi, menggunakan metode mengajar yang bervariasi, memberikan evaluasi dan penggunaan media pembelajaran.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI DENGAN MEDIA PAPAN POHON PENJUMLAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SD INPRES RAWE
Authors: Jogo Hilarion , Co'o Petronela , Bha Yesechiel Awo , Bela Maria Editha , Wewe Melkior
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini berlangsung selama peneliti mengikuti kegiatan Kampus Mengajar Angkatan 5 di Sekolah Dasar Inpres Rawe. Dengan populasi siswa SD Inpres Rawe dan sebagai sampel yaitu siswa kelas I. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan numerasi menggunakan media papan pohon penjumlahan pada siswa kelas rendah di SD Inpres Rawe khususnya siswa kelas I dengan jumlah 29 orang sebagai peserta yang diteliti. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes. Peneilitian dilakukan dimulai dari pra siklus, siklus 1 dan siklus 2 dengan hasil masing-masing dari pra siklus ke siklus 1 mengalami peningkatan numerasi menggunakan media papan pohon penjumlahan pada siswa kelas I sebesar 11,72% dengan persentase skor rata-rata pada pra siklus yaitu 57,24% dan pada siklus 1 sebesar 68,96% dengan kategori baik. Peningkatan kemampuan numerasi yang sangat signifikan juga terlihat pada siklus 1 ke siklus 2 dengan besar peningkatannya yaitu 13,1%. Persentase skor rata-rata dari siklus 1 sebesar 68,96% meningkat ke siklus 2 sebesar 82,06% atau berada di kategori sangat baik. Sementara, untuk hasil perhitungan klasikal sangat signifikan mengalami peningkatan yaitu dari siklus 1 ke siklus sebesar 100%. Tentunya hal ini menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media papan pohon penjumalahan sangat membantu peningkatan kemampuan numerasi siswa kelas 1 pada awal semester II sesuai dengan penetapan ketuntasan sebesar 75%.
PENERAPAN MEDIA KOLICER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MEMBACA DAN MENULIS SISWA KELAS III SDK WOLOMELI
Authors: Nay Yohana Aurelia , Nenu Maria Agnes Roswita , Coo Reldiana Lidivika , Noge Maria Desidaria
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi membaca dan menulis dengan menerapkan media Kolicer, Subjek penelitian yakni peserta didik kelas III SDK Wolomeli yang berjumlah 16 orang. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas melalui dua siklus, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui tes dan observasi. Selain itu penerapan media kotak literasi juga dilakukan sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemapuan literasi membaca dan menulis. Kegiatan penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan Februari-Juni dengan permasalahan yang dtiemui yakni terdapat banyak peserta didik di kelas III belum mampu melakukan kegiatan literasi membaca dan menulis dengan baik. Dengan hasil penelitian yang diperolehdari 16 peserta didik yakni, terdapat 4 peserta didik yang belum mampu menguasai level dua yakni mengenal kata dan kalimat, terdapat 9 peserta didik yang belum mampu mengenal paragraf, dan terdapat 11 peserta didik yang belum masuk dalam level 4 yakni bercerita. Untuk kemampuan menulis siswa kelas III sudah cukup baik dilihat dari cara siswa memegang alat tulis untuk menulis, cara duduk, emosi anak serta motivasi yang diberikan dan media yang digunakan.

Kata Kunci

Media Kolicer, Literasi Membaca dan Menulis, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas
PENGEMBANGAN POJOK BACA KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA SISWA DI SMP N 1 SOA
Authors: Meo Katarina , Dolo Fransiskus Xaverius
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran dari pojok baca meningkatkkan minat baca di SMP N 1 Soa. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan ADDIE dengan tahapan proses pengembangan yaitu tahap analisis (analysis), tahap perencanaan (design), tahap pengembangan (development), tahap implementasasi (implementation) dan terakhir Evaluasi (Evalutation). Model pengembangan ADDIE yang dikembangkan oleh Dick and Carry (1996) telah diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini.Produk pengembangan terdiri dari  : 1) Pengembangan desain Pojok Baca , 2) Rencana Layanan Pojok Baca , 3) pengembangan sara prasarana pojok baca , 4) Alat vevaluasi proses dan hasil pemanfaatan pojok baca.  Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah di temukan bahwa pengembangan pojok baca yang di lakukan di SMP N 1 Soa mendapatkan kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil validasi nilai ahli mendapatkan nilai 82,60 sedangkan nilai hasil uji coba 85,60. Lalu, hasil presentase validasi ahli dan uji coba sebesar 84,10%
PENDAMPINGAN KEGIATAN PEMANFAATAN TAMAN BACA SEKOLAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SISWA DI SDK BEJO
Authors: Oli Maria Anjelina , Ngura Elisabeth Tantiana , Laksana Dek Ngurah Laba
Published: February 2024

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efektivitas pendampingan kegiatan pemanfaatan taman baca di SDK Bejo dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan desain kegiatan deskriptif dan pendekatan studi kasus. Kegiatan ini melibatkan taman baca sekolah sebagai objek kegiatan pendampingan, dengan subjek siswa, guru, dan kepala sekolah sebagai informan. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan dan demonstrasi. Hasil pendampingan menunjukkan bahwa upaya sekolah dalam menanamkan budaya literasi siswa melibatkan penyuluhan Gerakan Literasi, pembiasaan berkunjung ke taman baca sekolah, serta penyelenggaraan program dan kegiatan literasi seperti membaca, menari, storytelling, dan memahami budaya. Penyuluhan Gerakan Literasi diawali dengan penyuluhan yang membahas signifikansi Gerakan Literasi, melibatkan guru, siswa, orangtua, dan mahasiswa kampus mengajar. Pembiasaan berkunjung ke taman baca sekolah dilakukan secara rutin, memberikan siswa kebebasan memilih buku sesuai minat dan meningkatkan minat baca. Program dan kegiatan literasi mencakup membaca, menari, storytelling, dan pemahaman budaya alam.
Águas pluviais urbanas: o Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento no Brasil significa uma nova oportunidade rumo à universalização?
Authors: Novaes Carlos , Marques Rui
Published: February 2024

O artigo discute a importância da drenagem e manejo de águas pluviais urbanas (DMAPU) no saneamento básico e como a falta de atenção dada a esse componente tem impactado negativamente as cidades brasileiras. O texto também explora a mentalidade predominante na área de saneamento, que prioriza soluções de engenharia em detrimento de questões ambientais, sociais e de saúde pública. Por fim, o autor destaca a necessidade de uma abordagem mais holística para os problemas de DMAPU e saneamento, levando em conta as externalidades e a viabilidade econômica.
Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental Especial de quinze anos: revisitando o passado, mirando o futuro
Authors: Monteiro Neto Aristides , Nadalin Vanessa Gapriotti , Moura Adriana Maria Magalhães de , Cruz Bruno de Oliveira , Oliveira Carlos Wagner de Albuquerque , Krause Cleandro , Mendes Constantino Cronemberger , Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa
Published: February 2024

O trigésimo número do Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental da Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas Regionais, Urbanas e Ambientais (Dirur) do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) celebra os quinze anos de existência desta publicação, criada em 2008 para compartilhar resultados preliminares de estudos, ensaios e experiências sobre políticas públicas territoriais. Este número especial apresenta ensaios que são registros históricos dos esforços de diversos pesquisadores da diretoria na problematização de políticas públicas territoriais no Brasil, muitos relacionados diretamente com demandas governamentais para o desenho, aperfeiçoamento e monitoramento de políticas e programas federais. Os estudos abrangem diferentes dimensões territoriais, incluindo regional, urbano, rural, metropolitano, redes de cidades e faixas de fronteira, além de explorar questões federativas e ambientais do desenvolvimento brasileiro. Representando um balanço dos esforços dos pesquisadores da Dirur ao longo dos anos, os ensaios refletem mais esforços coletivos de grupos de pesquisadores do que pesquisas individuais, contribuindo para atender demandas explícitas do governo brasileiro ao Ipea.
Rede urbana e cidades médias do Brasil
Authors: Motta Diana Meirelles da , Egler Claudio Antonio Gonçalves
Published: February 2024

Este texto relata a trajetória da linha de pesquisa Rede Urbana do Brasil e Cidades Médias, instituída a partir da criação da Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas Regionais, Urbanas e Ambientais do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Dirur/Ipea) e da Coordenação-Geral de Política Urbana, em 1996, iniciada com o projeto Caracterização e Tendências da Rede Urbana do Brasil, cujos objetivos se centraram na análise e na compreensão da rede urbana regional, nacional e sul-americana, visando à sua caracterização e tendências, sendo apresentados seus principais resultados, desdobramentos e contribuições às políticas urbana e regional – até os dias atuais – com o projeto Competitividade e Governança das Cidades Médias do Brasil. Nesse estudo, a finalidade foi a elaboração de um quadro de referência para subsidiar, no âmbito da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional, a identificação de uma rede policêntrica de cidades em apoio à desconcentração e à interiorização do desenvolvimento regional do país. O estudo partiu das áreas urbanizadas tratando da sua identificação e caracterização na rede urbana, como, também, da competitividade, resultando na seleção de cidades médias para fins de política regional e urbana. Na governança, foram avaliadas as condições urbanas e o padrão de urbanização dessas cidades selecionadas. Apontam-se, também, os principais estudos realizados, os quais contaram com a valiosa colaboração de entidades nacionais e estaduais quanto à configuração da rede urbana e das cidades médias, enfocando as transformações ocorridas no processo de crescimento demográfico, espacial e funcional das cidades brasileiras.
Fronteiras do Brasil: uma avaliação de política pública
Authors: Pêgo Filho Bolívar , Moura Rosa , Nunes Maria , Krüger Caroline , Moreira Paula Gomes , Ferreira Gustavo , Nagamine Liria Yuri
Published: February 2024

A evolução das atividades da pesquisa Fronteiras do Brasil: uma avaliação de política pública e os principais resultados alcançados constituem o objeto deste ensaio. A pesquisa busca retratar as realidades internacional, nacional, regional e local das fronteiras terrestre e litorânea brasileiras, com a finalidade de contribuir para a formulação e adequação das políticas públicas para as fronteiras e assessorar instituições que deliberam sobre o tema. Em suporte à pesquisa foram realizadas oficinas técnicas, seminários e levantamentos de campo na região objeto, com ampla participação de gestores, pesquisadores, atores sociais e cidadãos locais, assim como entrevistas com agentes responsáveis pela gestão fronteiriça e investigadores acadêmicos, resultando em uma contribuição diversa e legítima quanto a proposições para a adequação e formulação de políticas públicas. Uma atenção particular foi dedicada ao contexto pandêmico, seus impactos e implicações nas fronteiras brasileiras, a partir de um acompanhamento pautado em informações secundárias e na realização de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa remota, que permitiram historiar a evolução da pandemia, com foco nos casos, óbitos e medidas governamentais adotadas para enfrentamento e mitigação dos efeitos da propagação da doença nas faixas de fronteiras terrestre e litorânea. Esse conjunto de atividades culminou na publicação de produtos com diferentes escopos, que vêm subsidiando instâncias de decisão dos governos federal, estaduais e municipais, além de oferecer novos aportes à pesquisa acadêmica sobre o espaço fronteiriço. As conclusões, sugestões e perspectivas abertas pela pesquisa sublinham a premente necessidade de se investir em políticas públicas que reconheçam as especificidades e a importância desses espaços, seu saber acumulado e suas potencialidades, capazes de efetivar o desenvolvimento da região e contribuir com a integração sul-americana.
Preclinical Evidence Synthesis Facilitates Open Science
Authors: Bilynsky Colette
Published: February 2024

Evidence synthesis methodology, particularly preclinical evidence synthesis reviews, provides substantial benefits by reducing research waste, enhancing the quality of research, and providing comprehensive and objective overviews of specific fields. These reviews also allow for the contribution of citizen scientists, who represent an important facet of open science. Recent policy changes by the Biden-Harris Administration require that researchers receiving federal funding immediately make their publications and data available to the public without an embargo, highlighting the importance placed upon the open science principles of transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility. Despite this, the following assessment highlights two challenges for evidence synthesis reviews that are at odds with open science principles: (1) the lack of funding available for evidence synthesis reviews, particularly preclinical reviews, despite their demonstrated value and (2) the slow and expensive traditional publication model. I recommend allocating funding for preclinical evidence synthesis reviews as they are beneficial to both the researchers conducting the review and the field that is being reviewed. I also recommend supporting publication platforms that employ the quick release of preprints with a transparent peer review process and/or creating a federally funded and run publication platform characterized by open access and minimal publication costs.
Left out of the Room Where it Happens: Barriers to Serving in Senior Congressional Staff Roles May Limit “Representative” Science Policymaking
Authors: Kirshenbaum Sheril
Published: February 2024

Policymakers are expected to represent the constituents of their districts and states. Given that the individual life histories and experiences of congressional staffers may influence their attitudes and decisions, it is crucial to understand more about the people serving in these roles, their diversity, and which communities are and are not well-represented. By conducting interviews with twenty-six current and former senior legislative staffers in the United States House of Representatives and Senate involved in drafting science policy, this study examines challenges to acquiring and maintaining key positions in scientific policymaking at the federal level. The results shed light on why some individuals have an unequal advantage to obtain senior staff roles while others struggle to stay in Congress long enough to achieve elite legislative positions. They also suggest that a lack of opportunities for already marginalized communities may lead to inadequate representation in decision-making, especially on science policy issues related to justice and equity. Ultimately, this article makes policy recommendations to foster greater diversity in senior staff roles and to bring the perspectives of more Americans into the science policy decision-making process.
Promoting Transparent, Fair, and Inclusive Practices in Grantmaking: Lessons from the Open and Equitable Model Funding Program
Authors: Mercado-Lara Eunice , Tananbaum Greg , McKiernan Erin C.
Published: February 2024

This report presents the insights of the Open & Equitable Model Funding Program, a pilot of a cohort of eleven research funders interested in refining their grantmaking to foster open and equitable practices. Launched in April 2021 by the Open Research Funders Group (ORFG) with grants ranging from $5 to $560 million, this initiative brought together experts across various fields to create thirty-two interventions to promote open research and equitable grantmaking. The funders cohort fostered a collaborative learning environment through monthly meetings, allowing participants to share insights and tackle challenges. Supported by the ORFG's resources and guidance, this structured approach facilitated the tailoring of interventions to each funder's specific needs, emphasizing early identification of challenges to integrate these practices seamlessly into existing funding mechanisms. Despite facing challenges such as staff turnover, limited time, and resources, which impacted the full engagement with and implementation of the interventions, the pilot was appreciated for its organized and guided framework and its collaborative learning environment. Participants who met their pilot goals attributed their success to the clear, achievable interventions and the structured design of the pilot, which allowed for focused implementation and executive-level support. The initiative also encouraged collaboration among peers, fostering a community of like-minded organizations exploring common challenges. The ORFG's documentation of lessons learned and the testing of intervention suitability offers valuable insights for future funders to refine their grantmaking strategies, underscoring the importance of continuous effort and commitment to achieve lasting change. These recommendations were refined for relevance and completeness from direct engagement with applicants, grantees, and researchers from underserved communities, ensuring the incorporation of insights from historically marginalized groups and with the goal of tailoring more inclusive and practical improvements.
How Small-scale Jetlike Solar Events from Miniature Flux Rope Eruptions Might Produce the Solar Wind
Authors: Sterling Alphonse C. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Moore Ronald L.
Published: February 2024

We consider small-scale jetlike events that might make the solar wind, as has been suggested in recent studies. We show that the events referred to as “coronal jets” and as “jetlets” both fall on a power-law distribution that also includes large-scale eruptions and spicule-sized features; all of the jetlike events could contribute to the solar wind. Based on imaging and magnetic field data, it is plausible that many or most of these events might form by the same mechanism: Magnetic flux cancelation produces small-scale flux ropes, often containing a cool-material minifilament. This minifilament/flux rope erupts and reconnects with adjacent open coronal field, along which “plasma jets” flow and contribute to the solar wind. The erupting flux ropes can contain twist that is transferred to the open field, and these become Alfvénic pulses that form magnetic switchbacks, providing an intrinsic connection between switchbacks and the production of the solar wind.
Early Structure Formation from Primordial Density Fluctuations with a Blue, Tilted Power Spectrum: High-redshift Galaxies
Authors: Hirano Shingo , Yoshida Naoki
Published: February 2024

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discovered unexpectedly abundant luminous galaxies at high redshift, posing possibly a severe challenge to popular galaxy formation models. We study early structure formation in a cosmological model with a blue, tilted power spectrum (BTPS) given by

P
(
k
)
∝

k

m

s

with m
s > 1 at small length scales. We run a set of cosmological N-body simulations and derive the abundance of dark matter halos and galaxies under simplified assumptions on star formation efficiency. The enhanced small-scale power allows rapid nonlinear structure formation at z > 7, and galaxies with stellar mass exceeding 1010
M
⊙ can be formed by z = 9. Because of frequent mergers, the structure of galaxies and galaxy groups appears clumpy. The BTPS model reproduces the observed stellar mass density at z = 7–9, and thus eases the claimed tension between galaxy formation theory and recent JWST observations. The large-scale structure of the present-day Universe is largely unaffected by the modification of the small-scale power spectrum. We conduct a systematic study by varying the slope of the small-scale power spectrum to derive constraints on the BTPS model from a set of observations of high-redshift galaxies.
A Comprehensive Correction of the Gaia DR3 XP Spectra
Authors: Huang 黄 Bowen 博 闻 , Yuan 苑 Haibo 海 波 , Xiang 向 Maosheng 茂盛 , Huang 黄 Yang 样 , Xiao 肖 Kai 凯 , Xu 徐 Shuai 帅 , Zhang 张 Ruoyi 若羿 , Yang 杨 Lin 琳 , Niu 牛 Zexi 泽茜 , Gu 顾 Hongrui 弘睿
Published: February 2024

By combining spectra from the CALSPEC and NGSL, as well as spectroscopic data from the LAMOST Data Release 7 (DR7), we have analyzed and corrected the systematic errors of the Gaia DR3 BP/RP (XP) spectra. The errors depend on the normalized spectral energy distribution (simplified by two independent “colors”) and G magnitude. Our corrections are applicable in the range of approximately −0.5 < BP − RP < 2, 3 < G < 17.5, and E(B − V) < 0.8. To validate our correction, we conduct independent tests by comparisons with the MILES and LEMONY spectra. The results demonstrate that the systematic errors of BP − RP and G have been effectively corrected, especially in the near-ultraviolet. The consistency between the corrected Gaia XP spectra and the MILES and LEMONY is better than 2% in the wavelength range of 336–400 nm and 1% in redder wavelengths. A global absolute calibration is also carried out by comparing the synthetic Gaia photometry from the corrected XP spectra with the corrected Gaia DR3 photometry. Our study opens up new possibilities for using XP spectra in many fields. A Python package is publicly available to do the corrections (doi:10.12149/101375 or https://github.com/HiromonGON/GaiaXPcorrection).
Sensitivity Testing of Stereophotoclinometry for the OSIRIS-REx Mission. II. Effective Observation Geometry for Digital Terrain Modeling
Authors: Palmer Eric E. , Weirich John R. , Gaskell Robert W. , Lambert Diane , Campbell Tanner , Drozd Kris , Barnouin Olivier S. , Daly Michael G. , Getzandanner Kenneth , Kidd John N. , Adam Coralie D. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: February 2024

The OSIRIS-REx mission used stereophotoclinometry (SPC) to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) of its target asteroid, Bennu. Here we present a suite of preflight tests conducted to identify the observing geometry and number of images needed to create DTMs that would enable successful navigation around and to the surface of the asteroid. We demonstrate that high-quality DTMs can be generated by using only five images: four that are focused on topography, in which the spacecraft’s viewing geometry brackets the target (north, south, east, and west), and a fifth that measures the target’s albedo variation, taken from near local noon. We further show that the first 10 iterations of the SPC process can meaningfully improve DTM quality, including in the case of a suboptimal input image set, whereas after 10 iterations the DTM quality approaches an asymptotic maximum. We distill our findings into recommendations for observation planning that can be applied by other missions intending to use SPC to model the shape and terrain of their target.
Leveraging the Gravity Field Spectrum for Icy Satellite Interior Structure Determination: The Case of Europa with the Europa Clipper Mission
Authors: Cascioli G. , Mazarico E. , Dombard A. J. , Nimmo F.
Published: February 2024

Understanding the interior structures of icy moons is pivotal for addressing their origins and habitability. We introduce an approach employing the gravity field spectrum as an additional constraint for the inversion of differentiated icy bodies’ interior structures. After developing the general methodology, we apply it to Europa, utilizing the predicted measurement capability of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, and we prove its effectiveness in resolving key geophysical parameters. Notably, we show that using the gravity field spectrum in combination with the mass and moment of inertia of the body allows us to estimate, depending on the considered end-member interior structure, the hydrosphere thickness with 4–20 km uncertainty and reliably determine the seafloor maximum topographic range and elastic thickness to within 100–600 m and 5–15 km, respectively, together with the power–degree relationship of the seafloor topography. We also show that the proposed method allows us to determine the density of the silicate mantle and the radius of the core to within 0.25 g cc−1 and 50 km, respectively.
Erimerinae, a prior name to Microdontomerinae (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) with the description of a new genus and three new species from Iran
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Hossein , Mirzaee Zohreh , Tavakoli-Korghond Gholamreza , Janšta Petr , Rasplus Jean-Yves
Published: February 2024

Erimerinae has been proposed as a subfamily group name prior to Microdontomerinae and the latter was considered as a junior synonym of Erimerinae. A new genus, Perserimerus Lotfalizadeh & Rasplus, gen. nov., and three new species, Perserimerus marginalis Lotfalizadeh & Rasplus, sp. nov., Microdontomerus iriphagus Lotfalizadeh & Janšta, sp. nov., and M. quadrimaculatus Lotfalizadeh & Rasplus, sp. nov., are described from Iran. Diagnostic characters of the new genus and newly described species are provided and compared with morphologically similar genera and species. Microdontomerus iriphagus and M. quadrimaculatus were reared from oothecae of Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, 1785) (Mantodea) and galls of Stefaniola similata Mamaev, 1972 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Haloxylon ammodendron C.A. Mey, respectively. A key to the known species of Microdontomerus of Iran is provided.
Mobile Handoff with 6LoWPAN Neighbour Discovery Auxiliary Communication
Authors: Jia Shanshan , Kamalova Gaukhar A. , Mykhalevskiy Dmytro
Published: February 2024

The importance of the topic under investigation stems from the burgeoning prominence of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm and the consequent imperative to devise and institute an efficacious methodology for neighbour detection that facilitates supplementary connections to mobile nodes. This research primarily aims to elucidate a mobile handover technique aligning with the neighbour discovery paradigm inherent in 6LoWPAN. The methodological framework employed herein amalgamates a systematic analysis of the foundational tenets governing 6LoWPAN communication standards over the IPv6 protocol in the context of IEEE 802.15.4aa personal wireless networks, supplemented with empirical evaluation of message propagation dynamics among discrete nodes of a designated personal wireless network. The findings of this investigation underscore the pre-eminence of the 6LoWPAN networking standard as a prime vehicle for bolstering the dependable communication of IoT's remote entities, contingent upon the utilization of the IPv6 communication protocol. This iteration of the Internet protocol is superior, particularly in surveillance contexts, given its expansive address capacity (128 bits) juxtaposed against its antecedent, the IPv4 protocol (32 bits). The inherent adaptability of this network connection augments the quality of mobile handover, especially when one considers the real-world application of 6LoWPAN's neighbour discovery auxiliary communication standard. The tangible implications of these findings beckon their potential utility in satiating the demands of IoT system users and actualizing the network collaboration ethos intrinsic to the 6LoWPAN communication standard. 
Two new species of the hyperdiverse geometrid moth genus Eois (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Ecuador, with descriptions of early stages
Authors: Doan Lydia M. , Miller James S. , Brown John W. , Forister Matthew L. , Dyer Lee A.
Published: February 2024

The hyperdiverse geometrid genus Eois Hübner, estimated to encompass more than 1,000 species, is among the most species-rich genera in all of Lepidoptera. While the genus has attracted considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists in recent decades, limited progress has been made on its alpha taxonomy. This contribution focuses on the Olivacea clade, whose monophyly has been recognized previously through molecular analyses. We attempt to define the clade from a morphological perspective and recognize the following species based on morphology and genomic data: E. olivacea (Felder & Rogenhofer); E. pseudolivacea Doan, sp. nov.; E. auruda (Dognin), stat. rev.; E. beebei (Fletcher, 1952), stat. rev.; E. boliviensis (Dognin), stat. rev.; and E. parumsimii Doan, sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the immature stages of E. pseudolivacea reared from Piper (Piperaceae) in Ecuador are provided.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Virtual Reality Perimetry in Children
Authors: Pruett Jaron K. , Linton Edward F. , Donahue Sean P. , Groth Sylvia L.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

To determine normal threshold values for the 24-2 program of the VisuALL-K (Olleyes, Inc), a portable static automated virtual reality perimeter that uses a video game–based testing modality on an updated version of the algorithm and to repeat the test to assess retest variability.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study included 19 participants (aged 8 to 17 years) with healthy afferent systems. Participants performed two 24-2 automated perimetry tests on the virtual reality perimeter device.

Results:

Mean age was 12.7 ± 2.5 years; 53% were boys and 47% were girls. Mean test location threshold was 30.5 ± 4.0 dB for test 1 and 31.3 ± 2.8 dB for test 2. Sensitivity decreased with eccentricity as expected (−0.17 dB per degree). Bland-Altman analysis showed a repeatability coefficient of ±5.1 dB for mean deviation, meaning that 95% of retest values were within ±5 dB of the threshold value for the first test. Higher thresholds for the first test regressed toward the mean values in the second test, indicating a learning effect. Intraclass correlation coefficient for mean deviation between test 1 and test 2 was 0.70 (0.55 to 0.80,
P
< .0001). Mean time to completion for the virtual reality perimeter was 5.1 ± 1.5 min/eye.

Conclusions:

The VisuALL-K virtual reality perimeter provided an assessment of the visual field in normal children aged 8 to 17 years. A shallow hill of vision was demonstrated. A notable learning effect was demonstrated, with repeatability difference wider than other published head-mounted display perimeters.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024:61(4):262–266.]
Enhancing Coal Mining Efficiency
Authors: Sun Jialan
Published: February 2024

Coal is a prominent energy resource for several countries. Of late, exploring the automatic management and control of coal mining has been a significant task. This article presents a framework for a mine-wide integrated automation management and control platform with the goal of advancing coal mining through unified data, models, platforms, and plans. Utilizing cutting-edge technologies, the platform offers resource management, real-time monitoring, remote control, statistical analysis, and intelligent alarm systems. Data access design ensures standardized data collection and exchange, fostering interoperability. A big data storage center manages heterogeneous data sources. The platform interface design emphasizes flexibility and scalability through containerized applications and microservices frameworks, streamlining deployment. The functional design encompasses subsystem configuration access, real-time monitoring, remote access, etc. A detailed evaluation is presented to demonstrate the significance of the proposed platform in terms of functionality, performance, and scalability.
Validating Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale for High School Students
Authors: Wang Sandy I. Ching , Liu Eric Zhi Feng
Published: February 2024

With the implementation of the Bilingual 2030 policy by the National Development Council in 2018, understanding the anxiety levels of junior and senior high school students in Taiwan regarding the English language has become crucial, especially in the context of online learning. This study reviewed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, modifying its factor structure and reducing the number of items to 19. The revised scale encompasses four factors: anxiety, self-efficacy, social comparison, and unwillingness to attend English classes. Data collected from 625 junior and senior high school students, within the framework of online learning, indicate the proposed scale's effectiveness and reliability in investigating English language anxiety among students. Additionally, the study offers insights into the impact of gender, grades, and the four identified factors.
Remaining Oil Distribution and Potential Tapping During High Water-Cut Stage in Offshore Bottom Water Fault Block Reservoirs
Authors: Yang W. , Chen J. , Kang K. , Wang S. , Zhang Z.
Published: February 2024

CFD oilfield is an offshore structural bottom water reservoir located in the Bohai Bay basin. The oilfield is developed by horizontal wells. After the high water cut of the oil wells, all oil producing wells are converted into reinjection wells to meet the needs of the production of the oilfield group. After more than 10 years of high intensity water injection, the injection volume has exceeded 20 times of geological reserves.

In order to understand the distribution law of water-flooded and remaining oil in this reservoir, we introduced the relative permeability time-varying characterization into the reservoir numerical simulation on the basis of large-scale physical simulation experiments, quantitatively described the evolution process of water ridge shape below the horizontal well and its internal oil displacement efficiency with time and injection volume during the production and water injection process of the bottom water reservoir, and finally predicted the current residual oil distribution law.

According to the research results, when the injection volume of a single well is 5 times, 10 times and more than 20 times of the well control reserves, the radius of the water ridge below the horizontal well is<200m, 250~350m and>450m respectively. This conclusion is confirmed by several passing wells and the current distribution of remaining oil is basically consistent with the research prediction. Under the guidance of research conclusions, we have developed an overall plan for inter-well infilling to tap the potential again and have achieved excellent results. During the implementation of this plan, many wells have achieved high production of more than 300 m3/day at the initial stage. It is predicted that the recovery efficiency of this reservoir will increase by 11 percentage points.