bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid CFD PINN FSI Simulation in Coronary Artery Trees
Authors: Alzhanov Nursultan , Ng Eddie Y. K. , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel hybrid approach that integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD), physics-informed neural networks (PINN), and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) methods to simulate fluid flow in stenotic coronary artery trees and predict fractional flow reserve (FFR) in areas of stenosis. The primary objective is to utilize a 1D PINN model to accurately predict outlet flow conditions, effectively addressing the challenges of measuring or estimating these conditions within complex arterial networks. Validation against traditional CFD methods demonstrates strong accuracy while embedding physics-based training to ensure compliance with fundamental fluid dynamics principles. The findings indicate that the hybrid CFD PINN FSI method generates realistic outflow boundary conditions crucial for diagnosing stenosis, requiring minimal input data. By seamlessly integrating initial conditions established by the 1D PINN into FSI simulations, this approach enables precise assessments of blood flow dynamics and FFR values in stenotic regions. This innovative application of 1D PINN not only distinguishes this methodology from conventional data-driven models that rely heavily on extensive datasets but also highlights its potential to enhance our understanding of hemodynamics in pathological states. Ultimately, this research paves the way for significant advancements in non-invasive diagnostic techniques in cardiology, improving clinical decision making and patient outcomes.
The Effect of High-Pressure Processing on the Copigmentation and Storage Stability of Polyphenols with Anthocyanin Monomers
Authors: Sun Yuxuan , Huang Fang , Chen Yan , Ning Nan , Hao Gang , Bi Xiufang
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of different high-pressure processing (HPP) conditions (100 MPa/300 MPa/500 MPa; 2 min/4 min/6 min) on copigmentation, specifically between chlorogenic acid (CA), epicatechin (Epi), gallic acid (GA), malvidin-3-O-galactoside (Mv-3-O-gal), and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside (Mv-3-O-ara), as well as the storage stability of the copigmentation solutions. The results showed that the influence of different HPP treatment conditions on copigmentation was not significant. HPP treatment did not significantly affect the λmax, peak absorption, color parameters, and Mv-3-O-gal anthocyanin content when applied alone or in combination with CA and Epi. However, the color intensity and a* value of Mv-3-O-gal with GA decreased by 3.2% (p < 0.05). The absorption peak, color, and content of Mv-3-O-ara were not affected by HPP alone or during copigmentation with CA, Epi, and GA. In addition, CA had the best effect on the co-coloring of Mv-3-O-gal, while GA was more successful in affecting Mv-3-O-ara during the storage period. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the aromatic ring of CA was closest to the A-C plane of Mv-3-O-gal (3.70 Å), resulting in a closer π-π stacking distance and higher bond energy. The favorable impact of GA on Mv-3-O-ara was because the A-C plane aromatic ring of Mv-3-O-ara and the aromatic D ring of GA formed “sandwich” stacking. The results indicated that combining HPP with polyphenols improved color and could be used to process raw materials containing malvidin, such as blueberries.
Effects of Growth Stages on Leaf Nutrients, Metabolites, and Polyphenols of Three Varieties of Haskap
Authors: Emenike Chijioke , Azeez Shakirah , English Marcia , Udenigwe Chibuike , Abbey Lord
Published: November 2024

Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) has gained much research interest, given the diverse biologically active compounds found in different parts of the plant. It is, therefore, important to study the concentration of some of these biologically active compounds at different developmental stages. The present study investigated the effect of growth stages on nutrients, metabolites, and polyphenol concentrations in the leaves of three haskap varieties (Indigo Gem, Wojtek, and Jolanta). A targeted quantitative metabolomics approach was used to analyze the haskap leaves using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry with a reverse LC-MS/MS custom assay. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble sugar, organic acids, polyphenols, and amino acids in the leaves of different varieties of haskap were decreased at the fruiting stage. The leafing stage may be the best period to harvest haskap leaves with the highest nutrients and polyphenol concentrations. Studies on polyphenols and nutrient characterization of haskap leaf at the leafing stage could be further investigated.
Hepatoprotective, Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of Mangaba Powder (Hancornia speciosa) Administered to Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Silva Bernadete de Lourdes de Araújo , Vasconcelos Margarida Angélica da Silva , Batista Kamila Sabino , Batista Fabiane Rabelo da Costa , Cavalcante Hassler Clementino , Toscano Lydiane de Lima Tavares , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , D’Oliveira Aline Barbosa , Alves Adriano Francisco , Aquino Jailane de Souza
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of administering mangaba powder on liver function and somatic, oxidative and lipid metabolism parameters in rats fed a high-fat diet. Prepared mangaba powder has important amounts of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, dietary fiber and oligosaccharides. A total of 32 adult Wistar rats were initially randomized into two groups for the biological assay: normal-fat (NF, n = 16) and high-fat (HF, n = 16) diets for 21 days. These rats were subsequently subdivided into four groups: NF (n = 8), HF (n = 8), normal-fat diet with mangaba powder administration (NFMG, n = 8) and high-fat diet with mangaba powder administration (HFMG, n = 8). The treatment with mangaba powder (400 mg/kg) lasted an additional 28 days. Compared to the HF rats, the HFMG rats showed an 8% reduction in the body mass index. Treatment with mangaba reduced the serum cholesterol by 18%, as well as the hepatic deposition of triacylglycerides by 26% and cholesterol by 25%, in addition to increasing bile acid synthesis by 77% in this organ. Mangaba powder consumption attenuated the degree of hepatic steatosis, reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the serum and hepatic antioxidant capacity in HFMG rats. These results show that the consumption of mangaba powder had lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, especially in HFMG rats, which may be associated with an additive and synergistic action between the bioactive compounds present in the product.
Raman Spectroscopy Monitoring of Duck Egg Brining Process
Authors: Jin Huaizhou , Zou Yanxia , Jin Shangzhong , Lin Qiang
Published: November 2024

Salted duck eggs are a popular food in China and a key ingredient in pastries such as mooncakes, valued for their unique flavors. In this study, we examined the influence of brining processes on duck eggs, focusing on salt concentration and the effect of added wine. Four experimental groups were established: 18% salt, 25% salt, and 18% or 25% salt with added wine. The results from egg yolks suggest that increasing the salt concentration or adding 10% wine (53% alcohol) accelerates the brining process, while the Raman spectra of egg whites remain remarkably stable throughout brining. Our findings suggest that the traditional 30-day brining period can be reduced to 20–25 days with a higher salt concentration or the addition of wine, after which the egg yolk structure becomes largely stable.
Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein–Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles
Authors: Davtalab Maryam , Naji-Tabasi Sara , Shahidi-Noghabi Mostafa , Martins Artur J. , Bourbon Ana I. , Cerqueira Miguel A.
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles based on food-grade materials are promising materials to develop Pickering emulsions for food applications. Initially, this study focuses on the development of nanoparticles through the utilization of a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cress seed gum (CSG), which were modified by calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a cross-linker. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the impact of different concentrations of WPC (1–4% w/v), CSG (0–1% w/v), and CaCl2 (1–3 mM) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and Zeta potential. The optimum conditions for the production of CSG–WPC nanoparticles (WPC–CSG NPs) were 0.31% (w/v) CSG, 1.75% (w/v) WPC, and 1.69 mM CaCl2, resulting in nanoparticles with average size of 236 nm and Zeta potential of −22 mV. Subsequently, oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions were produced with different concentrations of WPC–CSG NPs in optimum conditions. The contact angles of the WPC–CSG NPs were 41.44° and 61.13° at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, showing that NPs are suitable for stabilizing O/W Pickering emulsions. Pickering emulsion viscosity rose from 80 to 500 mPa when nanoparticle concentration increased from 0.5% to 1%. Results also showed that WPC–CSG NPs enable stable O/W Pickering emulsions during storage and thermal treatment, confirming that protein–polysaccharide NPs can provide a sufficient steric hindrance.
The Impact of Multidimensional Perceived Value on Purchase Intentions for Prepared Dishes in China: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Attitudes and the Moderating Effect of Time Pressure
Authors: Zheng Shi , Wang Leyi , Yu Zhongnan
Published: November 2024

Accompanied by the flourishing development of China’s prepared dishes industry, understanding consumer purchasing decisions helps companies clarify market needs and expectations. This study analyzed consumers’ willingness to purchase prepared dishes and the moderating role of time pressure using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Structural Equation Modeling. Four hundred and three completed respondents were collected through an online survey of consumers in Beijing, the Capital of China. Our results showed that: (1) Respondents of various demographics (e.g., age, education, occupation, and marital status) had significant differences in willingness to buy. (2) All dimensions of value (functional, emotional, and convenience) had a notable positive effect on behavioral attitudes. However, behavioral attitudes only served as a full mediator between functional value, emotional value, and purchase intentions. (3) Time pressure played a positive moderating role in the effect of perceived value on behavioral attitudes, with positive tendencies in behavioral attitudes increasing as time pressure increased. The study concludes with recommendations for consumers, enterprises, and the government and provides an additional reference for the policy of “Strengthening Food Safety Regulation of Prepared Dishes”.
Effects of High Pressure on In Vitro Bioavailability of Curcumin Loaded in Whey Protein Isolate/Carrageenan Composite Emulsion Gel: In Vitro Digestion Coupled with Cell Culture Model
Authors: Zhao Jiayue , Zhang Xinmeng , Huang Yanan , Tan Yan , Ren Shuang , Yuan Fang
Published: November 2024

The oral bioavailability of curcumin is inherently low, which significantly limits its application in food systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of high-pressure processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin within an emulsion gel during simulated gastrointestinal transit and to assess its cellular uptake. Our findings suggest that increasing pressure levels and high κ-carrageenan concentrations can enhance the stability of the curcumin delivery system. Elevated κ-CG concentrations were found to retard the action of proteases on dissociating protein molecules from the gel network. The emulsion gel effectively slowed the release of free fatty acids and reduced the curcumin release rate during the gastric phase. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that higher pressures induced the formation of a more uniform and dense network structure in the gel. While the gel network structures were well-preserved after gastric digestion, they were disrupted into smaller particles following intestinal digestion, with particle size increasing with higher applied pressures. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the digesta from the intestinal phase was highly toxic to Caco-2 cells. Among the tested samples, the emulsion gel prepared with 1.0% κ-CG at 600 MPa demonstrated the highest curcumin bioavailability, reaching 63.82 ± 7.10%. These findings underscore the potential of HPP-induced emulsion gels as a viable delivery system for enhancing curcumin bioaccessibility and cellular uptake.
Anti-Aging Effect of Traditional Plant-Based Food: An Overview
Authors: Das Gitishree , Kameswaran Srinivasan , Ramesh Bellamkonda , Bangeppagari Manjunatha , Nath Rajat , Das Talukdar Anupam , Shin Han-Seung , Patra Jayanta Kumar
Published: November 2024

Aging is a complex process that involves many physiological mechanisms that gradually impair normal cellular and tissue function and make us more susceptible to diseases and death. It is influenced by intrinsic factors like cellular function and extrinsic factors like pollution and UV radiation. Recent scientific studies show that traditional plant-based foods and supplements can help mitigate the effects of aging. Nutraceuticals, which are dietary supplements with medicinal properties, have gained attention for their ability to prevent chronic and age-related diseases. Antioxidants like flavonoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, terpenes, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, minerals, etc. found in plants are key to managing oxidative stress, which is a major cause of aging. Well-known plant-based supplements from Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Panax ginseng have been found to possess medicinal properties. These supplements have been shown to improve cognitive function, reduce oxidative stress, improve overall health, and potentially extend life and enhance the excellence of life. The obtained benefits from these plant species are due to the presence of their bioactive secondary metabolites, such as bacosides in Bacopa monnieri, curcumin in Curcuma longa, ginsenosides in Panax ginseng, and many more. These compounds not only protect against free radical damage but also modulate key biological pathways of aging. Also, traditional fermented foods (tempeh and kimchi), which are rich in probiotics and bioactive compounds, support gut health, boost immune function, and have anti-aging properties. The molecular mechanisms behind these benefits are the activation of nutrient-sensing pathways like AMPK, SIRT/NAD+, and mTOR, which are important for cellular homeostasis and longevity. This review shows the potential of traditional plant-based foods and dietary supplements for healthy aging, and more studies are needed to prove their efficacy and safety in humans. Incorporating these natural products into our diet may be a practical and effective way to counteract the effects of aging and overall well-being. The foremost goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of supporting the body’s antioxidant system by consuming the right balance of natural ingredients in the diet.
Significant Study of Fuzzy Fractional Inequalities with Generalized Operators and Applications
Authors: Ali Rana Safdar , Sif Humira , Rehman Gauhar , Aloqaily Ahmad , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: November 2024

There are many techniques for the extension and generalization of fractional theories, one of which improves fractional operators by means of their kernels. This paper is devoted to the most general concept of interval-valued functions, studying fractional integral operators for interval-valued functions, along with the multi-variate extension of the Bessel–Maitland function, which acts as kernel. We discuss the behavior of Hermite–Hadamard Fejér (HHF)-type inequalities by using the convex fuzzy interval-valued function (C-FIVF) with generalized fuzzy fractional operators. Also, we obtain some refinements of Hermite–Hadamard(H-H)-type inequalities via convex fuzzy interval-valued functions (C-FIVFs). Our results extend and generalize existing findings from the literature.
Fractional-Calculus Analysis of the Dynamics of a Vector-Borne Infection with Preventive Measures
Authors: Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah , Alharbi Asma , Abdul Razak Normy Norfiza
Published: November 2024

Vector-borne infections pose serious public health challenges due to the complex interplay of biological, environmental, and social factors. Therefore, comprehensive approaches are essential to mitigate the burden of vector-borne infections and minimize their impact on public health. In this research, an epidemic model for the vector-borne disease malaria is structured with a saturated incidence rate via fractional calculus and preventive measures. The essential results and concepts are introduced to examine the proposed model. The solution of the system is examined for some necessary results, and the threshold parameter of the model, indicated by R0, is calculated. In this paper, the proposed malaria model is analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The fixed-point theorems of Banach and Schaefer are utilized to examine the uniqueness and existence of the solution dynamics. Furthermore, the necessary conditions for the stability of the model have been determined. A numerical approach is offered to visualize the solution pathways of the system and identify its key factors. Through the results, the most influential factors for the control and management of the disease are highlighted.
Screening Key Genes Related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cucumber Through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Ma Linhao , Wei Aimin , Liu Ce , Liu Nan , Han Yike , Chen Zhengwu , Wang Ningning , Du Shengli
Published: November 2024

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a crucial vegetable crop, requiring significant nitrogen fertilizer inputs. However, excessive nitrogen application not only impairs growth but also poses severe environmental risks. Thus, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cucumber is imperative. For the identification of genes associated with NUE in cucumber, roots of high NUE and low NUE lines were analyzed under high nitrogen conditions. Using transcriptome sequencing through WGCNA, a total of 15,180 genes were categorized into 35 co-expression modules, with 5 modules being highly correlated with NUE. Based on differential expression within the five modules and the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, 25 genes were identified as potentially related to NUE. Among these, CsaV4_1G002492 (GLR22), CsaV4_2G003460 (GLR35), CsaV4_3G000307 (NRT1.1), and CsaV4_7G001709 (UPS2) were homologous to genes in Arabidopsis known to directly participate in NUE related process. These four genes were chosen as key genes for further analysis. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that CsaV4_3G000307 and CsaV4_7G001709 were more active during the early stages of the high nitrogen treatment in the high NUE line. Conversely, CsaV4_1G002492 and CsaV4_2G003460 were more active in the low NUE line. Using transcriptomic analysis, a frameshift INDEL mutation was observed in CsaV4_3G000307 in the low NUE line, which impacted the compactness of the protein structure, potentially altering its function. Analysis of protein interactions of these four key genes predicted some potential interaction networks. This research offers critical insights into the genetic factors influencing NUE in cucumber, presenting potential targets for genetic modification or breeding programs.
Effects of Gene–Lifestyle Interaction on Obesity Among Students
Authors: Egorova Emiliya S. , Aseyan Kamilla K. , Bikbova Elvina R. , Zhilina Anastasia E. , Valeeva Elena V. , Ahmetov Ildus I.
Published: November 2024

Background: Obesity is a global health issue influenced primarily by genetic variants and environmental factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between genetic and lifestyle factors and their interaction with obesity risk among university students. Methods: A total of 658 students from the same university participated in this study, including 531 females (mean age (SD): 21.6 (3.9) years) and 127 males (21.9 (4.6) years). Among them, 550 were classified as normal weight or underweight (456 females and 94 males), while 108 were identified as overweight or obese (75 females and 33 males). All the participants underwent anthropometric and genetic screening and completed lifestyle and sleep quality questionnaires. Results: The polygenic risk score, based on seven genetic variants (ADCY3 rs11676272, CLOCK rs1801260, GPR61 rs41279738, FTO rs1421085, RP11-775H9.2 rs1296328, SLC22A3 rs9364554, and TFAP2B rs734597), explained 8.3% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, lifestyle factors—such as meal frequency, frequency of overeating, nut consumption as a snack, eating without hunger, frequency of antibiotic use in the past year, symptoms of dysbiosis, years of physical activity, sleep duration, bedtime, ground coffee consumption frequency, and evening coffee consumption time—accounted for 7.8% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in BMI. The model based on gene–environment interactions contributed 15% (p < 0.0001) to BMI variance. Conclusions: This study revealed that individuals with a higher genetic predisposition, as defined by the seven polymorphic loci, are more susceptible to becoming overweight or obese under certain lifestyle conditions.
An Update of Phenotypic–Genotypic IMNEPD Cases and a Bioinformatics Analysis of the New PTRH2 Gene Variants
Authors: Sharkia Rajech , Vuillaume Marie-Laure , Jain Sahil , Mahajnah Muhammad , Stoeva Radka , Guichet Agnès , Colin Estelle , Champ Jérome , Derive Nicolas , Chefdor Arnaud , Zalan Abdelnaser
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Biallelic mutations in the PTRH2 gene are associated with a rare genetic disease known as infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (IMNEPD). In this study, we describe a new case carrying a previously identified mutation, provide an updated analysis of the relative frequencies of the clinical features across all published cases (including the three latest studies), and perform a bioinformatics analysis of the newly identified PTRH2 protein variants from a structural perspective. Methods: Clinical examination of the patients was carried out, and genetic testing was performed using a genome sequencing strategy. A bioinformatics analysis was carried out for the newly reported mutations using PYMOL that was utilized to view the structure and analyze the mutations. Additionally, the ThermoMPNN webserver was employed to check the effect of point mutations on the overall stability of the protein. Results: Our findings indicate that motor delay, neuropathy, intellectual disability, distal weakness, hearing impairment, and ataxia are the most common symptoms, while the other clinical features fall into two frequency categories: moderately common ones and the least common ones. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Q85 residue is highly conserved, suggesting that mutations at this position could disrupt key signaling pathways or cellular functions. Indeed, the Q85R mutation was shown to significantly impair the stability and functionality of the protein. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of IMNEPD remains highly variable in terms of both severity and progression. Mutations at the Q85 residue have been identified in nearly 50% of reported cases, highlighting this position as a potential mutational hotspot in the PTRH2 protein.
Placenta Thickness Mediates the Association Between AKIP1 Methylation in Maternal Peripheral Blood and Full-Term Small for Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Wei Min , Liu Xuemei , Li Xiuxiu , Liu Xuhua , Chen Weiqing
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: A-kinase-interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has been discovered to be a pivotal signaling adaptor in the regulation of human labor and associated with preterm birth, but its effect on fetal growth was still unclear. Meanwhile, the regulation role of DNA methylation (DNAm) on placental and fetal development has been demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of AKIP1 DNAm in maternal peripheral blood with placental development and full-term small for gestational age (FT-SGA) neonates, and to explore whether placenta mediate the association between AKIP1 DNAm and FT-SGA; Methods: This study was a case–control study including 84 FT-SGAs and 84 FT-AGAs derived from the Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study. The DNA methylation analysis of CpG in the target region of the AKIP1 gene was measured by the Sequenom MassARRAY EpiTYPER approach. Multiple-variable logistic and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between the DNAm of three validated CpG sites in the AKIP1 gene, placental thickness, and FT-SGA. Mediation analysis was used to examine the mediation effect of placental development on the association between the DNAm of AKIP1 and FT-SGA. Results: For every increment in standard deviation in the DNAm of CpG4 (cg00061907) at AKIP1, the risk of FT-SGA elevated by 2.01-fold (aOR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.39~3.01), and the thickness of the placenta significantly decreased by a 0.19 standard deviation (β = −0.19, 95%CI = −0.32~ −0.06). Placental thickness mediated the 22.96% of the effect of the DNAm of CpG4 at AKIP1 on the risk of FT-SGA with statistical significance. Conclusions: The findings in the present study suggested the mediating effect of placental thickness on the association of the DNAm of AKIP1 in maternal peripheral blood and the risk of FT-SGA, providing new evidence for the mechanism of maternal epigenetics in placental and fetal development.
GATv2EPI: Predicting Enhancer–Promoter Interactions with a Dynamic Graph Attention Network
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Zhao Xingjie , Sun Hao , Gao Bo , Liu Xiaoqi
Published: November 2024

Background: The enhancer–promoter interaction (EPI) is a critical component of gene regulatory networks, playing a significant role in understanding the complexity of gene expression. Traditional EPI prediction methods focus on one-to-one interactions, neglecting more complex one-to-many and many-to-many patterns. To address this gap, we utilize graph neural networks to comprehensively explore all interaction patterns between enhancers and promoters, capturing complex regulatory relationships for more accurate predictions. Methods: In this study, we introduce a novel EPI prediction framework, GATv2EPI, based on dynamic graph attention neural networks. GATv2EPI leverages epigenetic information from enhancers, promoters, and their surrounding regions and organizes interactions into a network to comprehensively explore complex EPI regulatory patterns, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. To avoid overfitting and ensure diverse data representation, we implemented a connectivity-based sampling method for dataset partitioning, which constructs graphs for each chromosome and assigns entire connected subgraphs to training or test sets, thereby preventing information leakage and ensuring comprehensive chromosomal representation. Results: In experiments conducted on four cell lines—NHEK, IMR90, HMEC, and K562—GATv2EPI demonstrated superior EPI recognition accuracy compared to existing similar methods, with a training time improvement of 95.29% over TransEPI. Conclusions: GATv2EPI enhances EPI prediction accuracy by capturing complex topological structure information from gene regulatory networks through graph neural networks. Additionally, our results emphasize the importance of epigenetic features surrounding enhancers and promoters in EPI prediction.
B Chromosome Transcriptional Inactivation in the Spermatogenesis of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans
Authors: Santos Juan Luis , Parra María Teresa , Arévalo Sara , Guajardo-Grence Andrea , Page Jesús , Suja José Ángel , García de la Vega Carlos , Viera Alberto
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: We analyzed the relationship between synapsis, recombination, and transcription during the spermatogenesis of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans carrying B chromosomes (type B1). Methods: The progression of synapsis was interpreted according to the dynamics of the cohesin subunit SMC3 axes. DNA double-strand breaks were revealed by RAD51 immunolabeling, while transcriptional activity was determined by the presence of RNA polymerase II phosphorylated at serine 2 (pRNApol II) immunolabeling. The two repressive epigenetic modifications, histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139 (γ-H2AX), were employed to reveal transcriptional inactivity. Results: During prophase I, spermatocytes with one B1 chromosome showed overall transcription except in the regions occupied by both the X and the B1 chromosomes. This transcriptional inactivity was accompanied by the accumulation of repressive epigenetic modifications. When two B1 chromosomes were present, they could appear as a fully synapsed monochiasmatic bivalent, showing intense H3K9me3 labeling and absence of pRNApol II, while γ-H2AX labeling was similar to that shown by the autosomes. Conclusions: According to our results, B1 transcriptional inactivation was triggered in spermatogonia, long before the beginning of meiosis, and was accompanied by H3K9me3 heterochromatinization that was maintained throughout spermatogenesis. Moreover, when two B1 were present, the transcriptional inactivation did not preclude synapsis and recombination achievement by these chromosomes.
Promoting Geoheritage in the Aspiring Geopark of Taburno-Camposauro (Southern Apennines, Italy) with Innovative Tools
Authors: Palazzo Pietro , Valente Alessio
Published: November 2024

In the inland areas of Campania (Italy), the Taburno-Camposauro Regional Natural Park covers almost 137 square kilometres. It well represents, in the reliefs that give it its name, the southern segment of the Apennine chain. In fact, the rock outcrops, landscape features and surface and ground water make it possible to reconstruct the geological evolution of this area. Nonetheless, it is possible to understand how the history of man, who has frequented these places since ancient times, has developed by taking advantage of the resources offered by this territory. Among these resources, it is believed that the characteristics of the geological heritage spread throughout the Park can also be an opportunity to attract not only researchers, but also significant tourist flows. To this end, not only has the procedure been initiated to be included in the world network of Geoparks, but efforts have also been made to promote the most representative geological sites using the latest communication tools (e.g., social media). Besides these, numerous initiatives aimed at schools and national tourism agencies were developed. Promotion found particular emphasis with the realisation of an art installation by a well-known author in a water catchment system. In fact, this installation triggered an artistic vein around the beauty of the sites, manifested by videos and photo exhibitions and even forms of entertainment. These events have increased interest in the geological heritage, as evidenced by the increase in visitors observed by a specific analysis of the performance of social media posts, as well as frequent visitors to the geoheritage elements of the Park.
Lidar-Derived Decadal Change in Barrier Morphology: A Case Study of Waisanding, Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hsien-Kuo , Liou Jin-Cheng , Chiang Wen-Son , Chen Wei-Wei
Published: November 2024

Barrier change is a complex process of evolution of coastal topography, which is related to the interaction of driving forces such as waves, tides and sea level rise (SLR) with beaches. The Waisanding Barrier (WSDB) in Taiwan has suffered from continuous beach erosion in recent decades. Some short-term studies have been carried out to understand the characteristics of the barrier change to provide a reference for future barrier protection. In this paper, the digital elevation model (DEM) measured by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), over nearly two decades was used to analyze the morphological changes, the land area and volume. The changes in the morphology, including the whole shoreline, duneline height, width of forebeach and backbarrier, are investigated. The WSDB’s land area and land volume were analyzed to show a continuous decrease by a rate of −0.418 × 106 m2/year and −3.96 × 105 m3/year, respectively. The corresponding average land volume (LV) decrease in elevation can be estimated to be −0.0286 m/year. The changes in these features are discussed and relate to land subsidence, sea level rise and large waves induced by typhoons passing near WSDB.
Geological and Ecological Insights on the Lake Faro Global Geosite Within the Messina Strait Framework (Italy)
Authors: Somma Roberta , Giuffrè Ezio , Amonullozoda Sakho , Spoto Sebastiano Ettore , Giacobbe Arturo , Giacobbe Salvatore
Published: November 2024

The Lake Faro brackish basin (Sicily, Italy) was established as a Global Geosite as a key locality of tectonic coastal lakes, but little research has been devoted to this rare geological and ecological framework. To fill this gap, the main stratigraphical, sedimentological, ecological, morpho-bathymetric, and structural features were reported, linking geodiversity with biodiversity. In Lake Faro, a shallow platform develops alongside a deep funnel-shaped basin, reaching a maximum depth of 29 m. A NNW-SSE trending steep cliff, representing the abrupt transition from the platform to the basin, was interpreted as a dextral transtensional fault (Lake Faro Fault), presumably active since the middle-late(?) Pleistocene. The switches of the steep cliff NW-wards, acquiring an E-W trend, was interpreted as being due to the occurrence of the normal Mortelle Fault, cut by the Faro Lake Fault. Bottom terrigenous deposits consisted of coarse- to fine-grained quartzo-lithic rich sediments deriving from high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks, whereas bioclasts mainly derived from clam farming actives for several centuries up until today. The Quaternary shallow platform, from top to base, includes the following: (i) soft cover composed of coarse terrigenous and prevalent bioclastic deposits; (ii) hard conglomerates cemented by carbonates; and (iii) siliciclastic coarse deposits of the Messina Fm. In the deep basin, siliciclastic silty loams with minor amounts of bioclastic deposits prevailed in the soft cover. Substrate heterogeneity coupled with brackish-marine gradients are the main factors responsible for an articulate patchiness of different lagoon habitats and related benthic associations, which, according to the Barcelona Convention classification, can be summarized as follows: (i) MB1.541 (marine angiosperms or other halophytes), (ii) MB1.542 (Fucales), (iii) MB5.543 (photophilic algae, except Fucales), (iv) MB5.544 (Facies with Polychaeta), and (v) MB5.545 (Facies with Bivalvia). Typical marine associations, such as rhodolite beds, also occur. Finally, the lake, which has been exploited since the prehistoric age because of its high biodiversity and productivity, maintains some evidence of millennial relationships with the resident human cultures, attracted there by the favorable geomorphological and ecological peculiarities.
Desertification Assessment Using the Modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use Model in a Karst Plateau
Authors: D’Ettorre Umberto Samuele , Liso Isabella Serena , Parisi Vincenzo , Parise Mario
Published: November 2024

Desertification is among the most severe environmental problems in many countries at present, and threatens the integrity of natural environments and the sustainability of related natural resources. This work aims to assess proneness to desertification in the Alta Murgia karst plateau (Apulia, Southern Italy) through the integration of the modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use model (MEDALUS) with a GIS-based approach. The model includes indexes for climate, vegetation, soil, and management, all combined to assess environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) regarding desertification. Given the karst features of the study area, the management index was modified and renamed the Karst Management Quality Index (KMQI). This modification was made by incorporating the Karst Disturbance Index (KDI), based on a series of indicators divided into five categories: geomorphology, hydrology, atmosphere, biota, and cultural factors. According to the model, the results indicated that the whole area (97%) is within the Critical type of ESA, with no area being assessed as the “Non-Affected” or “Potential” type. A total of 57% of the study area falls into Critical sub-type 2, 32% falls into sub-type 3, and 8% falls into sub-type 1. The remaining percentage (3%) belong to a non-optimal category, i.e., the Fragile type (sub-type F3) class. The obtained results could be explained, more than by climatic or ecological factors, by a series of anthropogenic activities carried out over the years that strongly modified and disturbed the original karst landscape, with a highly negative impact on the Alta Murgia karst.
Women’s Experiences Regarding Maternity Care in a Selected Hospital in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Masibigiri Tshiembe , Mudau Azwinndini Gladys , Manyuma Duppy
Published: November 2024

Introduction: A pregnant woman’s life and that of her child largely depend on the care they receive during the critical stage of pregnancy, labour, and the postpartum period. Some women question their decisions regarding future pregnancies as well as where and from whom they will receive their pregnancy care because of negative experiences that they have had. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of women regarding maternity care services in a selected hospital in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. Methods: A qualitative approach using a phenomenological research design was adopted in this study. The study population included pregnant women who were admitted to the maternity ward of the selected hospital. A total of 18 participants and 1 hospital were purposively sampled. Pre-testing was conducted to check if the central question was clear and to test the researcher’s interviewing skills. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with all sampled participants in April and May 2024. Interpretive analysis was used to analyze the data collected from the participants. Results: Four themes emerged during data analysis: women’s experiences regrading the provision of maternal healthcare; environmental factors affecting maternal health services; lack of resources; and the attitude of nurses towards patients. Conclusions: This study concludes that the majority of the women stated that they were not happy about the maternity care services provided at the selected hospital. Issues such as trained nurses being verbally and physically abusive towards women in labour, as well as the infrastructure and lack of resources of the hospital contributed towards women not being happy about the provision of maternity care services being provided. This study recommends that in order for maternity care services to improve at the selected hospital, there should be workshops for staff on how to improve patient care principles and improvements in the standard of cleanliness in and around the selected hospital.
Diabetes Eye Disease Sufferers and Non-Sufferers Are Differentiated by Sleep Hours, Physical Activity, Diet, and Demographic Variables: A CRT Analysis
Authors: Pereira-Payo Damián , Denche-Zamorano Ángel , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Pastor-Cisneros Raquel
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Diabetic eye disease is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This complication has some direct impact on an individual’s well-being and health. Some lifestyle habits have been associated with the incidence of these co-morbidities. Objective: To classify the diabetic population into sufferers or non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease according to lifestyle and demographic variables, and to identify which of these variables are significant for this classification. Methods: The present cross-sectional study based on the NHANES 2011–2020 used the Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis for classifying the diabetic population into sufferers and non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease. The odds ratio (OR) and relative risks (RR) of suffering this diabetes complication of the subgroups formed by the model were studied. The final sample formed 2657 individuals (1537 males and 1120 females). Results: A 79.4% accuracy was found for the CRT model. The independent variables of sleep hours (100.0%), physical activity (PA) group (92.8%), gender (76.2%), age (46.4%), education level (38.4%), sedentary time (38.1%), and diet (10.0%) were found to be significant for the classification of cases. The variable high alcohol consumption was not found significant. The analysis of the OR and RR of the subgroups formed by the model evidenced greater odds of suffering diabetes eye disease for diabetes sufferers from the inactive and walk/bicycle PA group compared to those from the Low, Moderate, and High PA groups (OR: 1.48 and RR: 1.36), for males compared to females (OR: 1.77 and RR: 1.61), for those sleeping less than 6 h or more than 9 compared to those who sleep between 6 and 8 h (OR: 1.61 and RR: 1.43), and for diabetes sufferers aged over 62 compared to younger ones (OR: 1.53 and RR: 1.40). Conclusions: sleep hours, PA group, gender, age, education level, sedentary time, and diet are significant variables for classifying the diabetic population into sufferers and non-sufferers of diabetes eye disease. Additionally, being in the inactive or walk/bicycle PA group, being a male, sleeping less than 6 or more than 9 h, and being aged over 62 were identified as risk factors for suffering this diabetes complication.
Facilitators and Barriers in Collaborations Between Community Health Workers with Primary and Well-Being Providers in Primary Healthcare in Belgium
Authors: Apers Hanne , Masquillier Caroline
Published: November 2024

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in bridging the gap between underserved populations and formal health. Collaborations between CHWs and health and well-being providers in primary healthcare are essential for improving access to and the quality of care for these communities. However, these partnerships require complementary strengths and specific conditions to succeed. This article addresses the limited knowledge on collaborations between CHW and primary health and well-being providers in Belgium’s CHW program. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive qualitative design. First, team collaboration data were gathered using a spreadsheet. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with 15 CHWs and 18 of their collaboration partners. The results were thematically analyzed. Results: CHWs collaborate with healthcare partners, partners with a social or societal focus, and government and educational institutions. The scope of collaborations spans sharing knowledge, connecting with the target group, and offering support to individual clients. Collaborations with healthcare providers tend to focus on individual referrals, with less reciprocity, while collaborations with other partners contribute more to outreach activities and addressing broader social determinants of health. Shared motivations and collaborative work methods facilitate collaboration, while internal organizational processes, lack of role clarity, and discrepancies can hinder successful collaboration. Conclusions: Strong local partnerships, well-defined roles, and mutual trust are essential for successful collaboration. The study findings highlight the importance of expanding collaborations to meet the diverse and intersecting needs of target groups. Effective program governance and policy are crucial in providing the flexibility necessary to address specific local requirements.
The Role of Spirituality and Religion in Improving Quality of Life and Coping Mechanisms in Cancer Patients
Authors: Nagy Dana Sonia , Isaic Alexandru , Motofelea Alexandru Catalin , Popovici Dorel Ionel , Diaconescu Razvan Gheorghe , Negru Serban Mircea
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of spirituality and religion in the journey of patients with cancer and assess their impact on various aspects of well-being and coping mechanisms. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar following the PRISMA guidelines. This study focused on the period from 2014 to 2024, the time chosen for the emerging integration of spirituality and religion in cancer treatment. Inclusion criteria targeted studies exploring the impact of spirituality and religion on cancer patients’ quality of life, coping, and treatment outcomes. Results: A comprehensive search initially yielded 2591 papers, of which 1544 were excluded as duplicates, and 113 were further excluded based on the inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 53 papers were selected for review, including 8 prospective cohort, 17 cross-sectional, 16 observational descriptive, and 12 RCT studies. Encompassing 13,590 patients with various cancer types, including breast, gastrointestinal, prostate, brain, and others, the review highlighted spirituality and religion’s significant role in improving cancer patients’ well-being. Across different cancers, greater spiritual well-being and religious coping were consistently associated with an improved quality of life, reduced distress, enhanced coping, and better treatment outcomes. Interventions such as mindfulness therapy, yoga, and religious coping strategies positively impact patients’ spiritual and emotional well-being. Conclusions: This review highlights the vital role of spirituality and religion in cancer care. Integrating these aspects into patient plans offers comfort and support throughout treatment. Healthcare providers should prioritize spiritual support to enhance patient well-being and optimize outcomes.
Technological Innovations to Support Family Caregivers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fernandez-Bueno Laura , Torres-Enamorado Dolores , Bravo-Vazquez Ana , Rodriguez-Blanco Cleofas , Bernal-Utrera Carlos
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Population aging increases the risk of dependency among older adults, which in turn necessitates care, primarily provided by family caregivers. This situation leads to physical and emotional strain on these caregivers. New technologies, such as tele-education, digital platforms, or mobile applications, can offer an accessible and equitable alternative for caregiver training and self-care support. Objective: The objective of this review is to analyze interventions targeted at family caregivers, both for their own self-care and for the care of dependent individuals, using new technologies. Design: A scoping review was conducted, including a total of thirty-two articles extracted from three databases: CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles in any language were included, with no fixed time limit, while articles with samples that included family caregivers of oncology patients were excluded. Results: Most of the interventions were conducted via videoconference, showing outcomes that indicated a reduction in depressive symptoms among family caregivers. Conclusions: The implementation of new technologies for the development of interventions presents a viable alternative to in-person sessions. These technologies have shown positive results, while also helping to overcome time and geographical barriers imposed by caregiving responsibilities.