bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEAN DESIGN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Lawanga P.W.A.H. , Sandanayake Y.G. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Lean Design Management (LDM) is a concept, which ensures efficiency and effectiveness of the design stage of a construction project to reduce uncertainty and improve the quality of the final product. Stakeholder Management (SM) is an effective approach for coordinating and managing stakeholders who involve with a construction project to ensure better relationships and reduce the complexity of the project. The integration of LDM and SM concepts together into the pre-construction phase provides a positive impact on the project performance. This paper aims to investigate the lean design management practices associated with stakeholder management in the pre-construction phase of construction projects in Sri Lanka. The research has used mixed method research approach to achieve the aforementioned aim. The research concluded that twenty-nine lean design management practices and eight stakeholder management practices can be integrated into the pre-construction phase in Sri Lanka. The findings further revealed that waste reduction, product performance enhancement, and functionality enhancement can be achieved by integrating LDM and SM practices together into the pre-construction phase in Sri Lanka.
SUITABILITY OF ICTAD FORMULA AND CIDA PRICE INDICES TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF PRICE ESCALATED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Janardana J.A.B. , Samaraweera A. ,   School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Australia, Jayasena H.S. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Price fluctuation is a significant risk factor, in every construction project market. It is unavoidable and difficult to forecast. However, it is often argued that there is a difference between the amount calculated with the CIDA price fluctuation formula method and the actual price fluctuation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the industry opinion on whether there is a difference between price escalations calculated using the CIDA price fluctuation formula and actual price fluctuation. A qualitative research approach was selected to achieve the aim of this research. Through a broad study of literature, it was identified the most critical factors which affected actual price fluctuation deviation. Meanwhile, semi-structured interviews were carried out to identify the reasons affecting fluctuation difference by analysing the data, which was used, and comparing the opinions given by the interviewees. The data was analysed using context analysis. The results of the research confirm that. there is a difference between the amount of price escalation using the ICTAD price fluctuation formula and the actual being used. The main reason behind this difference is the less accuracy of cost indices. To improve the accuracy of the results of this formula, appropriate data collection using an appreciate sample of contractors in producing price indices is recommended as the main.
The Problem of the Uniqueness of Ambrosiaster on the Material of his Commentary on the Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans
Authors: Тихонов Феодорит , Лысевич Андрей
Published: November 2021

Амвросиаст, анонимный римский экзегет IV в., известный рядом комментариев на отдельные места и книги Священного Писания. Самой крупной его работой является корпус из XIII комментариев на послания ап. Павла, среди которых центральное место занимает толкование на послание ап. Павла к Римлянам. Вопрос литературного влияния на формирование стиля и идей Амвросиаста остаётся до сих пор не вполне выясненным. И хотя исследований о литературных связях изучаемого автора с прочими латинскими писателями существует довольно много, но работы о его связях с восточными экзегетами практически отсутствуют. При этом некоторые учёные отмечают сходства экзегетического подхода и некоторых идей Амвросиаста с традицией Антиохийской школы. В настоящей статье предпринимается попытка систематизировать сведения о литературных связях и зависимости Амвросиаста, а также описываются результаты сравнительного анализа толкований римского экзегета и Диодора Тарсийского на послание ап. Павла к Римлянам. Делается вывод о необходимости и перспективах более глубокого исследования литературной взаимозависимости Диодора Тарсийского и Амвросиаста.

Ambrosiaster, an anonymous Roman exegete of the 4th century, known for a number of commentaries on certain passages and books of Holy Scripture. His largest work is the corpus of the XIII Commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul, among which the central place is occupied by the interpretation of the epistle of St. Paul to the Romans. The question of literary influence on the formation of the style and ideas of Ambrosiaster remains still not entirely clear. And although there are quite a lot of studies on the literary connections of the studied author with other Latin writers, there are practically no works on his connections with Eastern exegetes. At the same time, some scholars note the similarities between the exegetical approach and some ideas of Ambrosiaster with the tradition of the Antiochian school. This article attempts to systematize information about the literary connections and dependence of Ambrosiaster, and also describes the results of a comparative analysis of the interpretations of the Roman exegete and Diodorus of Tarsus on the epistle of St. Paul to the Romans. The conclusion is made about the necessity and prospects of a deeper study of the literary interdependence of Diodorus of Tarsus and Ambrosiaster.
The Place of Notions «Fault» and «Sin» in the Worldview of the Ancient Slavs (The Experience of Historical-Cultural Reconstruction of Ideas Based on the Linguistic Data)
Authors: Корытко Олег
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности восприятия категорий «вины» и «греха» в контексте мировоззрения славян дохристианской эпохи. Лингвистическая реконструкция, привлечение диалектных данных, религиоведческий анализ близких понятий позволяют сделать вывод о том, что первоначальное использование лексемы «вина», скорее всего, осмыслялось в правовом ключе и было связано с восстановлением порядка и возмещением причинённого ущерба. В статье установлена архаическая связь категории греха как нравственной ошибки с идеей кривизны и промаха, которая обнаруживает себя при сопоставлении данных славянских и балтийских языков, а также в типологическом анализе схожих моделей переноса значений в ряде древних языков. Автор указывает на наличие архаического восприятия этих двух важнейших для религиозного миросозерцания категорий, в том числе, и в современной народной жизни. Кроме того, в статье утверждается, что, благодаря переводческой и - шире - созидательной, «инженерной» лингвистической деятельности святых равноапостольных братьев Кирилла и Мефодия, традиционные для славянского языка понятия «грех» и «вина» получили более глубокое осмысление и были обогащены религиозным содержанием. Данное обстоятельство служит одним из примеров, демонстрирующих специфику русской православной религиозности.

The article covers the perception peculiarities of the categories of «guilt» and «sin» in the context of the Slavs’ worldview in the pre-Christian era. Linguistic reconstruction, the use of dialectal data, and religious studies analysis of similar concepts allow to conclude that the initial use of the lexeme «guilt» most likely had a legal interpretation and was associated with the restoring of order and compensation for the damage caused. The article identifies an archaic connection between the category of «sin» as a moral mistake and the idea of «curvature» and «blunder», which reveals itself when comparing data from the Slavic and Baltic languages, as well as in the typological analysis of similar models of meaning transfer in several ancient languages. The author points out the presence of an archaic perception of these two, most important for the religious outlook, categories, including in modern folklife. In addition, the article claims that thanks to the translator’s and, more broadly, creative «engineer’s» linguistic activity of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius, the concepts of «sin» and «guilt», traditional for the Slavic language, received a deeper understanding and were saturated with religious content. This fact serves as one of the examples that demonstrates the specifics of Russian Orthodox religiosity.
Pengaruh ZIS, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pengangguran dan Inflasi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia
Authors: Ayu Sindi Widiastuti  , Kosasih
Published: November 2021

Poverty is a serious and very important problem in every country, including Indonesia. Thus poverty alleviation is a policy that must always be implemented by implementing concrete steps in its implementation. Writing this study aims to determine the effect of ZIS, economic growth, unemployment and inflation on the poverty rate in Indonesia for the period 2010-2019. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods and hypothesis testing. In the results of this study, the T test shows that the ZIS does not have a partial effect on the poverty level but has a negative direction, while economic growth and inflation do not have a significant effect on the poverty level. And unemployment has a significant positive effect on the poverty rate. The F test shows that the independent variables, namely ZIS, economic growth, unemployment and inflation simultaneously influence the dependent variable, namely the level of poverty in Indonesia.
Analysis of information asymmetry in the instructions for medical use on the example of Enterol
Authors: Чухрай І. Л. , Шунькіна С. Є.
Published: November 2021

There may be variations in the texts of instructions for medical use of medicines (hereinafter – the instructions) containing the same active pharmaceutical ingredient, and registered in the pharmaceutical markets of different countries. First of all this applies to medicines manufactured in one country and distributed to other countries. Therefore, there are questions related to incorrect use of medicines due to the existing asymmetry of information. This problem is especially relevant in connection with tourist activity and labour migration.

The aim of the study was to identify discrepancies in the instructions of Enterol, registered in different countries.

The materials of the study were the registers of medicines in France, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia, as well as the texts of instructions of Enterol (Biocodex, France), registered in the above countries. Methods of generalization, systematization, as well as contextual and comparative analysis were used.

It was found that the original (French) instruction has two indications for the use of Enterol (treatment of acute diarrhea in children under 12 years old; prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile or recurrence of diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile), while Belarusian and Russian instructions have one indication. Polish instruction contains 5 indications, while Bulgarian and Czech – 8. The largest number of indications for the use of Enterol (11) is given in Ukrainian instruction.

A contradictory information is in the sections «Therapeutic Indications», «Posology and method of administration», «Contraindications», «Undesirable effects», «Special warnings and precautions for use», including «Pregnancy and lactation». In the text of one instruction there is no information available in the text of another, and none of the instructions is identical to the instructions of Enterol, registered in France (country of manufacture). Actually, these information discrepancies, as well as the patient's perception of information, can lead to improper use of medicines and, as a consequence, drug-related problems. Thus, to minimize the asymmetry of information, the applicant during the registration of the drug must submit a notarized translation of the manufacturer's instructions.
Abordagem do pé pendente nos cuidados de saúde primários: relato de caso
Authors:   Médico de Família, Martinho Mariana , Garuta Ina ,   Médico de Família, Marques Isabel ,   Médico de Família, Cardoso Sérgio ,   Médico de Família, Libório Teresa ,   Médico de Família, Costa Joana ,   Médico de Família
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O pé pendente define-se pela incapacidade em elevar o pé por diminuição da força dos músculos dorsiflexores. Para elaborar um plano de tratamento é necessário determinar a sua etiologia. Cabe, assim, ao médico de família reconhecer as situações em que a gestão desta entidade poderá ser feita exclusivamente em cuidados de saúde primários, diferenciando-as das que poderão exigir avaliação e orientação em meio hospitalar. Descrição do Caso: Homem de 71 anos com hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia, medicado com indapamida. Em consulta com o médico de família referia que, há dois dias, havia permanecido sentado por duas horas com a perna direita cruzada sobre o membro inferior contralateral. Ao levantar-se notou dormência do pé direito, o qual não conseguia elevar. À observação apresentava marcha em steppage, com pé direito pendente e diminuição da sensibilidade do dorso do mesmo. Foi pedida eletromiografia, que documentou acentuada lesão axonal do nervo peroneal comum direito abaixo do colo do perónio, compatível com compressão prolongada. Foi submetido a sessões de fisioterapia, demonstrando resolução completa do quadro após três meses. Comentário: A neuropatia do nervo peroneal comum é a causa principal de pé pendente e a terceira neuropatia focal mais frequente, depois do nervo mediano e nervo cubital. A etiologia mais frequente é a compressiva. O local mais afetado é onde o nervo contorna o colo do perónio, manifestando-se por marcha em steppage, consequente à diminuição da força dos músculos dorsiflexores do pé. Embora o diagnóstico seja habitualmente clínico, a maioria dos pacientes requer eletromiografia. O tratamento inicial costuma ser conservador, sendo comum ocorrer resolução das queixas em três meses. Esta é uma condição que poderá ser pouco frequente na prática clínica em medicina geral e familiar, mas cuja abordagem poderá, muitas vezes, ser feita em cuidados de saúde primários. É importante saber tranquilizar os pacientes quanto à semiologia, abordagem terapêutica e prognóstico.
Management of ankle valgus in a skeletally immature patient by tension band plate hemiepiphysiodesis: A case report
Authors: Datt Rameshwar , Jain Gunjar , Nag Hira Lal , Shekhar Shubhankar
Published: November 2021

Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is the procedure of choice to correct ankle valgus deformity in a skeletally immature patient. However, the literature is inconclusive regarding the ideal choice of implant and the timing of the surgery. In the current case report, a 9-year-old girl with multiple hereditary exostoses and unilateral ankle valgus deformity underwent tension band plate (TBP) hemiepiphysiodesis, and gained a modest correction at a rate of 0.61°/month. After 18 months of follow-up, there were no implant-related complications, and the functional outcome was also good. This case report shows a promising result of medial malleolar temporary hemiepiphysiodesis using a TBP for ankle valgus deformity in the pediatric population.
Climate and soil effect on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield
Authors: Aceves-Navarro Lorenzo Armando , Rivera-Hernández BENIGNO , Arrieta-Rivera Agricola , Juárez-López José Francisco , González-Mancillas Rigoberto , Villarreal-Fuentes Juan Manuel
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine potential and water-limited yields in oil palm producing areas in the State of Tabasco, México.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The ERIC III v. 3.2 database (IMTA, 2009) was used to select climatological stations with daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature records, going back to more than 20 years. The methodology proposed by the FAO and improved by Fischer et al. (2012) was used to estimate the potential yield. The equation reported by Ruiz-Álvarez et al. (2012) was used to estimate the annual water deficit from the climatic water balance.
Results: The average potential yield of oil palm with a high level of inputs varies from 35.8 to 40.6 t ha-1 of fresh fruit bunches. The average water-limited yield can vary from 15.6 to 23.5 t ha-1 in plantations of at least 8 years of age, under rainfed conditions. The reduction in the maximum average attainable yield was the result of 19.2-49.5% soil moisture deficits.
Study limitations/Implications: In order to determine their impact on potential and water-limited yields, climate change horizons must be included in future studies; this would enable researchers to establish the future theoretical economic profitability of the crop.
Findings/Conclusions: The analysis between the yields indicates that —if the gap between the current yields and water-limited yields is closed— output and percentage would be 6.5-14.4 t ha-1 and 72.8-129% higher than the potential yield.
Evaluation of chemical resistance inducers in maradol papaya against Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica
Authors: Ortiz garcía Carlos Fredy , Rodríguez-Falconi Rebeca , Moscoso-Ramírez Pedro A. , Lagunez-Espinoza Luz del C. , Osorio-Acosta Francisco
Published: November 2021

Objective: To test the efficiency of four chemical resistance inducers on Maradol papaya to reduce Phytopthora nicotianae var. parasitica infections in rainfed crops at Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Three doses of four resistance inducers were tested on 60-day-old papaya plants in a greenhouse with a randomized design, with four replications and 10 plants as experimental plots.  Three days after the inducers' application inoculations with mycelium discs were made, there were negative and positive control treatments to evaluating their efficiency by applying Abbott's formula.
Results: The four chemical inducers for resistance (sodium silicate (SS), potassium silicate (PS), potassium phosphite (PF) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM)) were statistically different from the control (P < 0.0001**). The inducers SS 1 %, PS 1 %, FP 0.35 % and ASM 0.1 mM showed higher effectiveness (81.2, 75.9, 74.7 and 74.0 %).
Study limitations/implications: The retained effective concentrations were tested in a single application, and their durability is unknown, so this point should be broadened. however, it may be an alternative for repeated use after transplanting.
Findings/conclusions: Optimal concentrations of SS, PS, FP, and AMS, that respond against P. nicotianae var. parasitica infections can reduce damages in rainfed crops.
Use of Native Microorganisms as an Alternative for Biological Removal of Organic Matter in Wastewater from the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Bautista Duarte Paola , Pramparo Laura
Published: November 2021

The impact of non-domestic wastewater (nDWW) on water bodies every day is increased, considering the different pollutants that are entering and these are not regulated, also that the effects of these are not known in the ecosystems. In the case of the pharmaceutical industry, the various products they generate can contribute from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs), antihypertensives, hormones, antibiotics, among others; they are being detected in surface waters and it is necessary to create strategies to improve treatment systems and thus reduce their effects on water systems. In this work, the native microorganisms from nDWW of the pharmaceutical industry were used to evaluate their ability to influence the removal of organic matter, working in mixed culture, where it was evidenced that in a 24 hours they could remove 45.82 % of the organic matter measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and at 48 hours 90.59 % removal. The above shows that the use of microorganisms can contribute to the reduction of COD and pollutants in an effective, environmentally friendly and, more efficient way than conventional methods. Besides, the qualities of tolerance to four NSAIDs by 16 morphotypes are evidenced, and how they can be profiled in the future to be potentialized and reach the mineralization of these emerging pharmaceutical pollutants.
System of Systems Safety Analysis and Evaluation in ZalaZONE
Authors: Tschürtz Hans , Wagner Florian , Schröter Wilko , Szalay Zsolt , Török Árpád
Published: November 2021

Safe autonomous operation is a major challenge for today's technologies. In order to be able to define and evaluate the requirements of these technologies, a systematic and methodical approach is required. VISSE has developed such an approach over several years, which is now to be evaluated on the basis of various use cases. Students of the course of studies "Safety and Systems Engineering" have applied these procedures to a defined use case in a student project of a master study course. Driving scenarios for a road intersection were defined and safety critical situations were identified, analyzed and evaluated at ZalaZONE. The analysis and test results have shown the possibility to improve a used sensor concept in beforehand. This offers the opportunity to reduce the complexity of the driving scenarios respectively to avoid unknown situations.
Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students towards the Corona Virus-19 Pandemic Situation
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Rahman Farial Naima , Wahab Md Abdul , Anwar Zian Fariba , Rahman Jamiur
Published: November 2021

Background: COVID-19 has created a worldwide health emergency status and super spreading in the community of Bangladeshi population causing morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To find out the knowledge and attitude of medical students towards the Covid-19 pandemic during the lockdown situation.
Methodology: This online cross sectional study was conducted from 1st to 31st May 2020 during the lockdown period in Bangladesh. Sample collection proforma was uploaded on the Google forms and links were shared on different social platforms. Data was analyzed by SPSS IBM version 22.00.
Results: A total of 269 responses were obtained. The majority of the participants 167 (62.1%) were female and 102 (44.6%) belonged to an age group of 20-24 years. Most of the 91(33.8%) participants were 4th years students followed by 87(32.3%) from 3rd year. Majority of participants 230(85.5%) believe COVID-19 affect all age group, 187(69.5%) thinks that it affect the elder people seriously, 115(42.8%) thinks specific treatment may be available for COVID-19, 184(68.4%) says COVID-19 infection is preventable, 242(90%) opted for government lockdown and 225(83.6%) believed physical distancing is needed to prevent spread of this disease. Most of the participants 232(86.3%) complained about absence of diagnostic facilities in their neighboring area, 231(85.9%) thought common sign symptoms included dry cough, fever, fatigue and difficulty in breathing, most 234(87%) of the respondents thinks early supportive and symptomatic treatment can be helpful in cure of COVID-19 infection, 230(85.5%) gave positive opinion about isolation from the people who are infected with the COVID-19 virus is an effective way to reduce the spread of the virus . Regarding 14 days quarantine period 222(82.5%) give positive answer, 169(62.8%) thought COVID-19 would affect world economy badly, 172(63.9%0 thought common people are facing problem to collect daily needs, 184(68.4%) gave positive response that COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health of population, 93(34.6%) thought the situation may be controlled soon, majority 97(36.1%) answered they may be satisfied by current practices and initiatives taken by the government, almost all participants 265(97.4%) appreciated the efforts of healthcare providers for their society, 262(97.4%) of the participants thought there is need of more general awareness about COVID-19 pandemic and 260(96.7%) recommended procedure for repeated washing hands.
Conclusion: An increasing awareness is needed amongst the local population regarding COVID-19 is required. It will lend hands in preventing spread of COVID-19 with minimal secondary transmission. More elaborate survey studies are required in future that can provide supportive data in developing and implementing public health policies regarding COVID-19 pandemic in our country.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 22-26
Study on Guillain-Barré Syndrome in A Tertiary Level Military Hospital
Authors: Uddin Md Helal , Kabir ATM Humayun , Chowdhury Md Ismail , Zafreen Farzana
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, frequently severe and fulminant polyradiculopathy that is autoimmune in nature and that causes acute neuromascular failure. The condition is quite common in Bangladesh. GBS is an autoimmune and post-infectious immune disease.
Objectives: To see the different presentation and outcome of GBS in combined military hospital (CMH) Dhaka.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on all the GBS patients admitted in the Neurology Ward of CMH Dhaka from January 2005 to July 2010. Total 25 patients clinical and laboratory data including CSF analysis, electrophysiological study data were collected from patients’ case sheet.
Results: Among the 25 GBS patients male was 22 (88%) and female 03(12%) and most common age group affected was 31-40 years comprising of 09(36%) patients. The most common types of GBS patients were acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) 17(68%) patients and 10(40%) patients were found to have history of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Albuminocytological dissociation was found in 20(80%) patients in CSF study. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was given to 13(52%) patients, of them 09(36%) patient needed mechanical ventilation; rest 12(48%) patients were treated conservatively. The final outcome was full recovery 22(88%) patients, 02(8%) patients had residual disability and only one patient died after 2 years of GBS.
Conclusion: GBS is an important cause of peripheral neuropathy. Patient should be monitored carefully because a significant number of patients ultimately require mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure which may be of sudden onset.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 44-46
Intravascular Hemolysis after Transcatheter Closure of a Huge Tubular Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using Cera-duct Occluder: Managed Successfully by Conservative Treatment
Authors: Rahman Sarker Md Ferdousur , Fatema Begum Nurun Nahar , Ferdous Jannatul , Bhuiyan Nazmul Islam , Ahemmed Khan Md Ashfaque , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: November 2021

Isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is seen in approximately 1 in 2000 full-term life birth neonate. Transcatheter device closure is widely considered as the treatment of choice for the patient diagnosed with PDA considering the safety, efficacy and less invasiveness. Residual flow following transcatheter device closure of PDA can result in haemolysis. Our patient was a case of 9.5 years old female child weighing13 kg diagnosed as a case of large tubular PDA with severe pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography. The patient had history of recurrent chest infection, breathlessness on exertion, and growth failure. The PDA was closed by transcatheter approach using Cera-duct occluder. The patient subsequently developed hemolysis which started 18 hrs after the intervention and the resolution of hemolysis achieved by conservative management within 72 hours.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 90-92
Early Neonatal Outcome of Clinically Diagnosed Fetal Distress in Low Resource Areas
Authors: Akhter Arifa , Begum Asma , Sultana Nadira , Saha Shampa , Chowdhury Mubina Nuzhat , Saifullah ANM
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fetal distress is a high risk obstetric situation associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is also a major contributor to operative interventions in the majority hospitals of developing countries. The objective of this study was to observe clinically diagnosed fetal distress and early neonatal outcome after delivery.
Materials and Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bashundhara Addin Medical College Hospital, Keraniganj during the period of January to December 2019. 212 women in active phase of labor at term pregnancy who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Fetal distress was diagnosed by abnormal FHR and /or presence of meconium in amniotic fluid after rupture of membrane. Neonatal outcome was assesss by 1st & 5th mins Apgar Scores after delivery, babies requiring immediate resuscitation and admission to neonatal care unit & recorded.
Result: Among fetal distress 11.32% babies had Apgar score <7 as compared to babies without fetal distress that had 5.66% apgar score <7 at 5th minutes(p<0.05). 28.3% fetal distressed born babies required NICU admission rather than only 9.44% of without fetal distress.
Conclusion: This study shows relative adverse neonatal outcome for fetal distressed babies than without distress.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 152-155
Una visita al campo de concentración de Mauthausen en septiembre de 1992
Authors: Fernández Martínez Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2021

"Antes de andar entre los barracones visitamos el museo, donde tras bajar unas escaleras había bastantes vitrinas con objetos y fotografías de la época. Una de ellas representaba a un interno (un “detenido”, häftling) vestido con un traje roto y remendado. Su rostro hinchado mostraba que antes de la foto había sido golpeado brutalmente. Entonces recordé el capítulo que Claudio Magris dedica al campo en su insigne libro sobre el Danubio y que había leído poco antes" (fragmento de la contribución al debate en revista PH 105 sobre Interpretación y gestión del patrimonio en los espacios del turismo oscuro).
Myopic Open-angle Glaucoma Prevalence in Northeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies
Authors: Jeong Yoon , Ha Ahnul , Shim Sung Ryul , Kim Young Kook
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Investigation of myopic open-angle glaucoma (OAG) prevalence in Northeast Asia by systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Systematic PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database searches for Northeast Asian population-based studies published up to 30 November 2020 and reporting on myopia and OAG diagnosis. By random-effect models, pooled OAG prevalence in a myopic population and pooled myopic OAG prevalence in a general population were generated, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The meta-analysis encompassed five population-based studies in four countries (12,830 individuals, including 7,723 patients with myopia and 1,112 patients with OAG). In a myopic population, OAG prevalence was 4.10% (95% CI, 3.00–5.70; I2 = 93%); in a general population, myopic OAG prevalence was 1.10% (95% CI, 0.60–1.70; I2 = 94%). A visual examination of funnel plot symmetry raised a suspicion of publication bias. Notwithstanding, Begg and Mazumbar’s adjusted rank correlation test showed no such evidence (p = 0.6242).Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis returned an estimate of OAG prevalence in a myopic Northeast Asian population. Our findings will inform future glaucoma studies as well as public health guidelines for Northeast Asian populations.
Comparative Spectrophotometer Analysis of Ultraviolet-light Filtering, Blue-light Filtering, and Violet-light Filtering Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Park Jeong Woo , Choi Chul Young
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the light transmittance property of seven currently used intraocular lens (IOL) models by spectrophotometer data.Methods: Light transmission spectra of seven IOL models were assessed with a spectrophotometer. The transmittance properties were analyzed in 1 nm units from 350 nm wavelength to 800 nm.Results: Three ultraviolet filtering IOL models (ZCB00, XC1-SP, and AT LISA 809M) showed nearly full transmittance of the light from 400 to 500 nm, while steeply attenuating light with shorter wavelengths in various degrees. Three blue-light filtering IOLs (yellow-tinted IOLs; XY1, SN60WF, and TNFT00) showed a slow-sloped increase of light transmission between 400 to 500nm. Among the three, XY1 showed different degree of inclination, showing a steeper slope than SN60WF and TNFT00. The violet-light filtering IOL (ZFR00V) showed a rapid increase of the transmission at around 435 nm wavelength, which is similar to ultraviolet filtering IOLs.Conclusions: The seven different IOLs measured showed different characteristics of light transmission depending on the properties of each material and color. Blue-light filtering IOLs tend to blocked a wide range of wavelength up to 500 nm, but rather were not effective at the range of 400 to 430 nm. Violet-light filtering IOL showed advantages in filtering the high-energy wavelength, around 430 nm, having a potential risk to retina and allowing the transmission of useful blue and green wavelength which is necessary for a better scotopic contrast sensitivity.
Vaccine Types
Authors: Aurelio Palazzi Sáfadi Marco
Published: November 2021

Vaccines are biological preparations, often made from attenuated or killed forms of microorganisms or fractions thereof.

They work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies and cells directed against a particular organism, mimicking "natural infection".

Based on their biological and chemical characteristics, vaccines can be categorized into two basic types, "Live-attenuated" (bacterial or viral) vaccines and "inactivated" or "non-live" vaccines.

Examples of live-attenuated vaccines include: measles-, mumps-, and rubella-, varicella-, yellow fever-, oral polio- (OPV), rotavirus-, ("nasal-spray") live-attenuated influenza- (LAIV), and BCG-vaccine.

Attenuation results in micro-organisms that may still infect and multiply in humans, but they do not cause disease. Some of these vaccines are associated with life-long immunity.

Inactivated or non-live vaccines include those against hepatitis A, influenza, pertussis, rabies or the polysaccharide vaccines directed against encapsulated bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis).

Most non-live vaccines generally require additional doses ("boosters") to maintain long-term protective immunity.

There are many other subcategories of these basic groups, like subunit vaccines, whole cell vaccines, toxoid vaccines, polysaccharide vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, mucosal vaccines, or DNA-, mRNA- and vector-vaccines.
Mumps, Parotitis, Epidemica
Authors: Peltola Heikki
Published: November 2021

Like measles, mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus, and it is only a disease of humans. The word "mumps" may relate to an old English term meaning grimace or mumble.

Mumps was first described by Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) in his book “Epidemics”, where he noted the presence of swelling around the ears and painful swelling of the testes. Central nervous system involvement was published by R Hamilton in 1790 in Scotland.

Being less contagious than measles, an infected individual may still transmit mumps to 10-12 susceptible persons from 3-4 days before onset until 2 days after the onset of symptoms.

Several live virus strains were developed as vaccine strains. Jeryl Lynn and its derivative RIT-4385 are in wide use in industrialized countries, L-Zagreb in the non-industrialized world.

As the interpretation of serological data is not well understood the clinical value of mumps vaccines is evaluated on the basis of impact data only.
COVID-19
Authors: Hollingsworth Rosalind
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus which emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and from there spread to other parts of mainland China and around the world.

The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. On average, the time from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to the appearance of symptoms is 5–6 days but can range from 1–14 days.

Asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 can occur. In those with symptoms, most people (approx. 80%) will experience a mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without hospital management.

Adults 65 years of age and older, and individuals of any age with underlying medical conditions, are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 and death. Complications include respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis/septic shock, thromboembolism, multiorgan failure and death.

In rare cases, children and adults can develop a severe inflammatory syndrome a few weeks after SARS-COV-2 infection.

Vaccines are available to help prevent COVID-19 disease; by August 2021, 7 vaccines had been authorized for use by the WHO to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with others approved by country regulatory authorities.
A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e a aplicação de direitos e garantias em favor de mulheres vítimas de violência no Brasil
Authors: Wink Christiane Bronzato , Neubauer Vanessa Steigleder , Veiga Deivid Jonas Silva da , Scheffer Denise da Costa Dias , Feistler Thalia Nunes Ferreira , Keitel Angela Simone Pires
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo aborda a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e a sua relação no direito brasileiro, nos aspectos que se referem à violência contra a mulher. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica, com base em livros, revistas, artigos científicos, doutrinas e jurisprudências, fazendo uso do método dedutivo, com o objetivo de reunir informações e dados sobre o tema em estudo, buscou-se novos conhecimentos e aprofundamento do assunto. Foram elaboradas considerações iniciais sobre o tema proposto, seguindo-se de um breve contexto histórico da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. No terceiro capítulo, fora avaliado o panorama social sobre a violência contra a mulher na atualidade, e no ultimo capitulo fora realizado um contraste entre o que está disposto na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e as articulações ao combate efetivo contra a violência doméstica. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é descrever o funcionamento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em relação a garantia e proteção aos direitos humanos das mulheres no ambito nacional. Como resultado, foi possível constatar que, apesar das várias políticas adotadas no Brasil, no sentido de coibir a violação dos direitos da mulher, a violência contra ela aparece como uma das mais incidentes no país e não privilegia uma ou outra classe social, não é objeto de ordem individual, mas uma questão que envolve toda a estrutura de uma sociedade.
Avaliação do conhecimento de profissionais de educação física frente à avulsão e fratura dental decorrente da prática esportiva
Authors: Gomes Isadora Caroline Tameirão , Amorim Jaíne Joice , Guimarães Paula , Matos Denise de Souza
Published: November 2021

O trauma dental é um problema de saúde pública em decorrência dos danos que podem gerar na criança e adolescente. As lesões provocadas podem ser classificadas quanto à etiologia e consequências provocadas no indivíduo. Os educadores físicos são os profissionais que comumente se deparam com lesões traumáticas, uma vez que os praticantes estão mais expostos a essa situação. Logo, conhecer o manejo correto frente a um dente traumatizado é de extrema importância para o prognóstico do caso. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o conhecimento de profissionais de educação física da Associação de Profissionais de Educação Física (APEF) do município de Patos de Minas frente a um possível caso de avulsão e trauma dental. Para realização dessa pesquisa, 53 profissionais responderam um questionário com perguntas objetivas acerca do tema avulsão dental, por meio da plataforma Google Forms. Ao final do estudo, os profissionais que demonstraram interesse receberam uma devolutiva gratuita acerca do tema abordado. Foi possível observar que a maior parte da amostra é composta por especialistas, com 11 a 20 anos de atuação. Quanto à conduta com um elemento dental avulsionado, apenas 7,5% dos participantes responderam corretamente, o que pode ser reflexo da grande maioria não ter estudado o assunto durante a sua formação acadêmica, demonstrando um conhecimento insuficiente frente a essa situação.
ANALISIS RISIKO HEMATOM PADA PENGAMBILAN DARAH (Studi Kasus : Klinik “P”)
Authors: Dewi Anggraheni  , Dr. Poerwaningsih S. Legowo, MS,Tr  , Dr. Martua E.Tambunan,SE, AK,M.Si, CA
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKMutu pelayanan merupakan faktor yang esensial dalam seluruh kegiatan Klinik atau RS, dimana berdampak terhadap kenyamanan pasien serta berdampak pada menurunnya kepercayaan terhadap Klinik/ RS. Salah satu kegiatan yang berdampak terhadap mutu pelayanan adalah pengambilan sampel darah yang memiliki risiko hematom. Kami meneliti kegiatan pengambilan darah di Klinik “P” yang dapat menyebabkan hematom. Hasil penelitian kami ternyata resiko terjadinya hematom disebabkan oleh beberapa factor, yaitu alat, prasarana, persiapan pasien, proses pengambilan darah dan lokasi penusukan jarum pada pengambilan darah. Dari keempat faktor tersebut didapatkan 12 risiko, dengan 8 risiko memerlukan tindakan segera untuk mengelola risiko dan 4 risiko diperlukan tindakan untuk mengelola risiko. Tindakan yang harus diambil diantaranya menerapkan manajemen risiko, memperhatikan kualitas alat, prasarana, meningkatkan keterampilan petugas dengan mengadakan pelatihan, sosialisasi SOP kepada petugas serta meningkatkan service excellent bagi petugas sehingga kepuasan pelanggan dapat terpenuhi. Dengan mengetahui dampak dan peluang dari terjadinya hematom serta dapat melakukan mitigasi dengan tepat dan benar. Maka diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak bahkan menghindari risiko yang akan terjadi diKlinik “P”
More than FOLFOX and FOLFIRI: The Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Oncology
Authors: Jácome Alexandre A. , Johnson Benny
Published: November 2021

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a markedly heterogeneous disease, which portends a poor prognosis, with an estimated 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 15%. The standard of care of systemic therapy remains fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, with modest results, despite improvements with the combination with anti-angiogenics and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy.

Significant advances in cancer therapy have been observed in the past two decades. The enhanced appreciation of molecular biology in oncology has allowed for the identification of specific molecular subtypes and novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, meaningful precision-based advancements in the therapeutic options for mCRC have been challenging and slow to realisation. Comprehensive molecular profiling and circulating tumour DNA highlight a heterogeneous disease at the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic levels, and with a low frequency of actionable alterations.

In the present review, the authors describe the current and emerging predictive biomarkers in mCRC, as well as present landmark clinical trials that have allowed for evolving precision in the therapeutic management. The understanding of the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with high microsatellite instability cancer and in those with POLE mutations or high tumour mutational burden, the combination of BRAF with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in BRAF V600-mutated patients, the use of allele-specific KRAS G12C inhibitors, the promising findings of dual anti-HER2 therapy in HER2-positive mCRC, and the possibility to offer targeted therapy for patients harbouring gene fusions NTRK/ALK/ROS1 have ushered in a new era of precision oncology for mCRC, providing personalised treatments and sustaining hope for patients affected by this challenging disease.
The Present and Future Status of Moral Education in Turkey
Authors: CAN KAYNAK Çiğdem
Published: November 2021

Some psychological and sociological problems that have been brought about by modern life have led to the need to reconsider the priority of academic success. In this respect, families and educators encountering this reality have focused more attention on moral education in line with the necessity of raising qualified individuals in every sense. Such questions as whether it is possible to educate morals, whether it will be ethical to provide such an education, and what approach will be applied to conduct this kind of education if it is necessary continue to be relevant. Moreover, whether moral education is a part of formal education and whether a separate curriculum and course time should be assigned are still debated from the point of different perspectives. In addition to all these problems, moral education becomes more of an issue in our education philosophy in terms of its many questions such as how moral education is presented in the curriculum of the Ministry of National Education at present and what can be done in the future to provide a more effective and practical moral education. The answer to each of these questions can be considered as a separate study. It is tried in this study to examine all these questions through a general approach, not separately.
FEATURES OF THE COMPETITIVENESS ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UKRAINE IN IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Grechan , L Babych ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Parfentieva ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, S Nakonechna ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to substantiation of scientific and organizational approaches to the formation of the bases and elements of assessing the competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine in the context of further globalization of economic processes. The object of study is the regulatory and methodological support for assessing the competitiveness of the national economy. The purpose of the work is the justification of modern mechanisms as effective means of regulating competitiveness in the formation of a long-term economic and social development strategy. The research method is a theoretical and logical justification of competitive processes at the macro level. The processes of the active introduction of Ukraine into world economic relations put forward the most important task - ensuring a long-term competitive position in international markets. The article summarizes the experience in the context of the role and place of the legislative base and effective factors in the system of assessing the competitiveness of national economies of different countries. It is proposed to amend the current legislation of Ukraine on competitiveness, taking into account new approaches in the definitions of such concepts as “competition» and “competitiveness» with a further emphasis on an essential understanding of these categories when determining the sequence of influence of various groups of factors and mechanisms on prioritizing national processes and tasks in the Strategy of economic and social development of Ukraine in the context of ensuring a long-term sustainable competitive position national economy in the context of further globalization. The results of the study can be implemented in the system of scientific foundations for the formation of the competition policy of Ukraine. Predicted areas for possible further research are the search for effective mechanisms for the formation of a competitive strategy for the national economy of Ukraine. KEYWORDS: COMPETITIVENESS, NATIONAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX, FACTORS OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS.