bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prior roasting of wheat impacts on the functionality of flour prepared from it: Part 1. Wheat flour viscosifying properties
Authors: van Rooyen Jana , Delcour Jan A. , Oyeyinka Samson A. , Simsek Senay , Kidd Martin , Manley Marena
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Dry thermal treatment of wheat modifies the properties of wheat and of flour prepared from it. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat roasting on microstructural properties of wheat grains using confocal laser scanning, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The impact of roasting on the damaged starch contents, the solvent retention capacity profiles, and the pasting properties of the resulting flour prepared from roasted wheat were also studied.

Findings

Response surface models predicted wheat roasting at 115°C and 65 Hz (165 s) to enhance flour viscosifying properties. Roasting before milling resulted in grain puffing, slight damage to the starch granule surface, and destruction of the protein matrix, as observed using SEM. XRD analysis revealed that amylose–lipid complexation had occurred. As a result of roasting, the peak, hot paste, and final viscosities of flour from roasted wheat were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of flour produced from control wheat.

Conclusions

Roasting induces structural changes in wheat. Flour produced from roasted wheat can be used to produce gel structures with increased viscosities.

Significance and Novelty

Dry thermal treatment improves the viscosifying properties of flour milled from roasted wheat.
Achieving Visible‐Light‐Excitable Blue TADF‐Type Afterglow via Delicate Control of Excited States in Difluoroboron β‐Diketonate Systems
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Wang Guangming , Piao Xixi , Zhang Kaka
Published: January 2024

Blue afterglow constitutes of one of the primary afterglow colors and can convert into other afterglow colors through energy transfer. The reported studies show the fabrication of blue afterglow emitters, but most of them are formed by room‐temperature phosphorescence mechanism and require UVB lights as excitation source (these high‐energy lights may damage organic systems). Here we report visible‐light‐excitable blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence type (TADF‐type) afterglow materials via delicate control of excited states in difluoroboron β‐diketonate (BF2bdk) systems. Tiny change of the substituents in BF2bdk system has been found to pose significant influence on excited state energy levels and consequently narrow the singlet‐triplet splitting energy of the system. As a result, both forward and reverse intersystem crossing have been accelerated, leading to the emergence of BF2bdk's TADF‐type organic afterglow in rigid crystalline matrices. The resultant TADF‐type afterglow materials exhibit emission lifetimes of several hundred milliseconds, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 24.7 % and display temperature responsive property.
The provenance of a turbidite system within a tectonically active wrench basin: Insights from heavy mineral characteristics of Miocene sandstones in the Tabernas Basin, south‐east Spain
Authors: McGill Paula , Milne Alex W. , Morton Andrew , Williams Gwyd
Published: January 2024

This paper provides insight into the provenance of the Late Miocene turbidite succession of the Tabernas Basin. Although this area has been extensively studied, only limited attention has been paid to sediment provenance. Through heavy mineral analysis, it has been possible to identify provenance‐related signatures from the adjacent Sierra de los Filabres and Sierra Alhamilla uplifts. Stable mineral ratio data confirm that the Sierra de los Filabres provided sediment with generally higher chloritoid:tourmaline and higher Type Bii garnet abundances than those derived from the Sierra Alhamilla. By comparison, modern sediments derived from the Sierra Alhamilla have garnet compositions with larger proportions of Types A and C, suggesting that the basinal sediments were not sourced from the incipient Sierra Alhamilla Uplift. Heavy mineral analysis confirms that the Sierra de los Filabres was the primary source for the Tabernas succession, with minor variations indicating that the erosive part of the system migrated across the uplift. Input was predominantly from the Nevado–Filábride Complex, with minor amounts from the small remnant of the Alpujarride Complex attached to the southern margin of the Sierra de los Filabres. Evidence strongly suggests a single sediment routing system but identifies some subtle provenance variations. In particular, there was a shift in detrital garnet composition between the Sartenella Formation and the Verdelecho Formation, Solitary Channel and El Gordo Megabed, which is attributed here to a shift in catchment within the Sierra de los Filabres. This shift appears to have occurred during the deposition of the Sartenella Formation, since the garnet compositions of the Verdelecho Formation and Solitary Channel are similar to each other and differ from the preceding part of the Sartenella Formation. The Solitary Channel displays marked heterogeneities in provenance character, manifested by changes in chloritoid abundance, consistent with previous studies that suggest the depositional architecture in the channel was influenced by high‐frequency changes in sediment flux and sea level.
Examining clinicians' perceptions and experiences working with diverse families in family‐based treatment: Common adaptations and considerations for treatment engagement
Authors: Dimitropoulos Gina , Singh Manya , Sauerwein Jessica , Pedram Pardis , Kimber Melissa , Pradel Martin , Eckhardt Sarah , Forsberg Sarah , Keery Helene , Allan Erica , Bruett Lindsey , Le Grange Daniel
Published: January 2024

Objective

Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) is the leading manualized treatment for adolescent eating disorders; however, there is limited research on the adaptation of FBT for diverse families (i.e., families belonging to identity groups subject to systemic barriers and prejudices). The purpose of this qualitative study was to address: (1) adaptations made to the FBT model (if any) by clinicians working with diverse youth and families; (2) the barriers/facilitators of maintaining adherence (fidelity) to the model for these families; and, (3) the barriers/facilitators to access and engagement in FBT for diverse families.

Method

Forty‐one FBT clinicians were recruited globally using purposive and snowball sampling, and listservs from eating disorder networks. Clinicians participated in individual interviews or focus groups, discussing their experiences delivering and adapting FBT for diverse families. Qualitative data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results

Some participants reported making adaptations to every phase of the FBT model, while others did not, when working with diverse families. In Phase 1, participants cited adapting the family meal, length/number of sessions provided, and addressed systemic barriers. In Phase 2, participants adapted the length of the phase and rate/level of independence given back to the adolescent. In Phase 3, participants increased or decreased the number of sessions, or eliminated this phase to address barriers to engagement in FBT.

Discussion

This is the first study to qualitatively examine clinicians' experiences of implementing FBT with diverse families. Results may inform future FBT planning, clinician training, clinical decision‐making tools, and opportunities for modifications to the foundational model.

Public Significance

This qualitative study examined clinicians' perceptions and experiences implementing FBT with diverse families, specifically what adaptations (if any) were made to the foundational model, and the barriers and facilitators to adhering to and engaging in the model. Results show that some participants reported making adaptations to every phase of FBT, while others did not, with diverse families. Findings may inform future treatment planning, clinician training, clinical decision‐making tools, and potential modifications to FBT.
Evaluation of the impact of olive milling on the mineral oil contamination of extra‐virgin olive oils
Authors: Menegoz Ursol Luca , Moret Sabrina
Published: January 2024

Mineral oil saturated (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) are environmental and processing contaminants also found in extra‐virgin olive oil. Knowledge on contamination sources can help minimize them. The main objective of this work was to investigate the impact of milling operations. To this purpose, samples from 25 processing lines (at 5 different processing stages) were analyzed by online high‐performance liquid chromatography—gas chromatography—flame ionization detection. A protocol for eliminating endogenous n‐alkanes was tested and applied when necessary. Generally, transport to the mill had a negligible impact. The washing step had a mitigation impact, more evident on samples with higher contamination. On average, total MOSH decreased of 2.1 mg kg–1. Despite the reduction determined by washing, the entire milling process resulted in an increase in contamination (> 30%) for 20% of the processing lines. Total average MOSH and MOAH contamination increased by 2.3 and 0.6 mg kg–1, respectively.

Practical Applications: This work aims to improve the knowledge on the presence and sources of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH), contaminants of petrogenic origin, in extra‐virgin olive oil. In particular, this work investigates the impact of processing at the mill, including the transport stage, as well as the potential of the washing step in reducing the contamination. For the first time, a systematic study on this topic has been carried out. The knowledge of the contribution of individual steps in the production process to final product contamination is of paramount importance in identifying critical points on which to take action to mitigate contamination, and this is of great interest for all operators of the sector and for protecting consumer health, especially when considering possible presence of MOAH, which may include genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds.
A Comparative Kinetic and Computational Investigation of the Carbon‐Sulfur Cross Coupling of Potassium Thioacetate and 2‐Bromo Thiophene Using Palladium/Bisphosphine Complexes
Authors: Peschtrich Sebastian , Schoch Roland , Kuckling Dirk , Paradies Jan
Published: January 2024

We conducted an investigation into the palladium‐catalyzed carbon‐sulfur cross‐coupling reaction involving a 2‐bromothiophene derivative and potassium thioacetate as a substitute for hydrogen sulfide. This investigation utilized kinetic and computational methods. We synthesized two palladium complexes supported by the bisphosphane ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (DPPF) and bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene (DiPPF), as well as their tentative intermediates in the catalytic cycle. Reaction rates were measured and then compared to computational predictions.
An investigation of the shelf life of cold brew coffee and the influence of extraction temperature using chemical, microbial, and sensory analysis
Authors: Lopane Samuel N. , McGregor John U. , Rieck James R.
Published: January 2024

The shelf‐life of cold and hot water extraction coffees based on sensory and chemical profiles and microbial growth was examined, which also allowed the study of the influence of extraction temperature on the chemical and sensorial profiles of coffee. The shelf life of refrigerated cold‐ and hot‐brewed coffee was limited not by microbial stability but rather by deterioration in sensory attributes. Further work is recommended to elucidate the mechanisms of coffee staling in a refrigerated environment, with particular interest in the degradation products of chlorogenic acid, as a significant decline in chlorogenic acid concentration was found over the storage period. Cold‐extracted coffees were found to be chemically and sensorially different beverages from coffees extracted at high temperatures. Additionally, the cold‐brewed coffees had greater sensory flavor stability over the storage time than the hot‐brewed treatment.

Practical application

This study advances the industry's understanding of the shelf life of ready‐to‐drink bottled cold coffees and demonstrates that lower brewing temperatures lead to greater flavor stability over shelf life. The findings also provide brewing parameters that can help guide product developers in modulating the flavor of commercial cold coffees.
Effect of using biodegradable film constituting red grape anthocyanins as a novel packaging on the qualitative attributes of emergency food bars during storage
Authors: Yekta Reza , Dabbagh Moghaddam Arasb , Hosseini Hedayat , Sharifan Anousheh , Hadi Saeed , Hosseini‐Shokouh Seyyed‐Javad
Published: January 2024

This study presents a novel packaging film based on whey protein isolate/κ‐carrageenan (WC) with red grape pomace anthocyanins (RGA) to investigate its impact on some qualitative attributes of emergency food bars (EFBs) for 6 months at 38°C. Increasing the RGA dose in WC films from 5% (WCA5) to 10% (WCA10) reduced hydrogen bonding between polymers and polymer homogeneity in the matrix according to FTIR and SEM. Tensile strength slightly declined in WCA5 from 7.47 ± 0.26 to 6.97 ± 0.12, while elongation increased from 27.74 ± 1.36 to 32.36 ± 1.25% compared to WC film. The maximum weight loss temperature (TM) increased by incorporating 5 wt% RGA from 182.95°C to 244.36°C, whereas TM declined to 187.19°C in WCA10 film. WVP and OTR slightly changed in WCA5 (from 7.83 ± 0.07 and 2.57 ± 0.18 to 8.41 ± 0.03 g H2O.m/m2.Pa.s × 10−9 and 1.79 ± 0.32 cm3 O2/m2.d.bar, respectively), but significantly impaired in WCA10 compared to WC film. WCA5 and WCA10 films had high AA%, 68.77%, and 79.21%, respectively. WCA10 film presented great antimetrical properties against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 6.00 mm. The light transmission of RGA‐contained films in the UV spectrum was below 10%. The WCA5 film effectively restrained moisture loss and hardness increment until the end of the storage period, which were 14.33% and 28.76%, respectively, compared to day 0. Antioxidant films provided acceptable resistance against oxidation to EBF treatment. Sensory panels scored WCA5 and WCA10 higher in overall acceptance with 5.64 and 5.40 values, respectively, while complaining about the hardness of OPP treatment. The results of this investigation demonstrated that incorporating RGA, preferably 5 wt%, into WC‐based film effectively improved the qualitative properties of EFB during the 6‐month shelf life. This film might be a promising alternative for packaging light and oxygen‐sensitive food products.
Parenting the parent without losing sight of the child. A qualitative study of therapists’ experiences with intergenerational adversities in perinatal psychotherapy
Authors: Fjeldheim Heidi , Werner Anne , Anke Teija , Moe Vibeke , Norheim Helen Suizu , Aalberg Marianne
Published: January 2024

The complex work of addressing intergenerational adversities, like violence, abuse, and neglect through perinatal psychotherapy, is understudied. Especially noticeable is the paucity of studies giving voice to the therapists. This study explored therapeutic processes through the perspectives of seven Norwegian therapists. A qualitative approach was chosen with individual interviews and a follow‐up focus group. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified one overarching theme: To maintain a reflective therapeutic capacity, and two main themes with associated subthemes: 1) Alliance work when a caring system comes to therapy to fight generations of adversities and 2) The complex therapeutic work of addressing generational adversities in perinatal psychotherapy. Findings from the present study indicate that maintaining a reflective stance is essential yet challenging when addressing intergenerational adversities, requiring a holding environment for the therapists. The primary vehicle of change was perceived as a safe enough therapeutic alliance to explore new ways of being together, contrasting earlier experiences. A key question raised was how to give caregivers enough time to trust the therapist without compromising the safety and development of the child. The essence of the therapeutic work was to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors through multiple ports of entry.
Borax‐catalyzed product selective high temperature pyrolysis of waste polyethylene using solar energy
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Khan Aizaz , Naz Mohammad Yasin , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar , Gulab Hussain
Published: January 2024

The present work is a focus on getting selectivity of the products using intense heat and employing borax vacant orbitals for catalysis. A DC‐arc‐type reactor was used for the pyrolysis of waste polyethylene. The third point of its novelty is utilization of the solar energy as arc through photovoltaics and indoor use of solar energy for high‐temperature heating. The combined action of high temperature, faster heating, and vacant orbital catalysis is intended for the product enhancement, selectivity of the process, and efficient management of the waste plastics. The process involves photovoltaic transformation of sunlight into electrical energy followed by storage in lead acid battery and discharge of heat in the form of arc. A graphite rod was used for the arc in the reactor. The high temperature and faster heating pyrolyzed the waste polyethylene into oil, fuel gas, and char. The reactor's efficiency was found to depend upon the rod length and time. The product gases were analyzed by chemical tests while the oil was analyzed using GC–MS. The gaseous product was highly combustible. The oil density (0.7 g/cm3) was found in gasoline range. The chemical tests indicated that the gas contains alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and hydrogen gas.
Predictors of standardized in‐service examination performance and residency outcomes in a graduate periodontics program
Authors: Kim Han S. , Johnson Thomas M. , Stancoven Brian W. , Inouye Kimberly Ann , Millan Claudia P. , Lincicum Adam R.
Published: January 2024

Purpose/objectives

The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of learner‐ and education‐related factors on standardized in‐service examination performance and determine whether in‐service examination scores predict residency outcomes.

Methods

American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) In‐service Examination (AIE) scores from 10 periodontics residency classes at a single center were recorded and compared against a panel of learner‐ and education‐related variables using multiple linear regression models. Defined residency outcome measures were analyzed against AIE scores using binomial logistic regression.

Results

No evaluated learner‐ or education‐related variable was a statistically significant predictor of AIE score in this study sample. Likewise, AIE score was not a statistically significant predictor of any assessed residency outcome.

Conclusions

The AAP has performed a tremendous service to periodontics residents and programs by marshaling the leadership and expertise necessary to offer a professionally constructed assessment instrument. However, in the current study, no relationship could be identified between AIE score and any outcome, including first‐attempt board certification. The AAP In‐service Committee appears well situated to provide additional leadership focusing on exam implementation, which may enhance AIE value in competency decision making.
Statistical downscaling of maximum temperature under CMIP6 global climate models and evaluation of heat wave events using deep learning methods for Indo‐Gangetic Plain
Authors: Chaturvedi Manisha , Mall Rajesh Kumar , Singh Saumya , Chaubey Pawan K. , Pandey Ankur
Published: January 2024

The rising global temperature is one of the primary concerns of the world as it impacts the economy, environment and healthcare of any country which are more pronounced a regional level. Assessment of regional impacts of climate change at a local level requires fine resolution of climate data for which a robust and fast downscaling method is needed. In this study, we use three deep learning‐based methods, namely long short‐term memory network (LSTM), deep neural network (DNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), to downscale CMIP6 13 GCMS models data (1.25° × 1.25° resolution) global climate model (GCM) maximum temperature (Tmax) at a regional scale of 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution for the period 1991–2010 over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP). In addition to the temperature prediction, heat wave events have been also analysed in the study. The study found that LSTM method performs better than DNN and RNN in downscaling of all GCM model datasets when evaluated against observed maximum temperature data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in terms of RMSE (0.9–3.5), average of all grid MAE value between (1.2 and 2.68), correlation (0.68–0.9) along with and spatiotemporal variability. LSTM also performed better in heat wave prediction over the region with similar temporal range (12–36 events) and spatial occurrence as compared to the observation (12–28 events). Overall, the study concludes that LSTM performs better than two methods for Indo‐Gangetic Plain with best hyper parameter tuning. Hence, we propose to utilize a deep learning framework based on LSTM for downscaling GCM dataset at a finer resolution.
Effect of magnetic field‐assisted fermentation on the in vitro protein digestibility and molecular structure of rapeseed meal
Authors: Betchem Garba , Dabbour Mokhtar , Tuly Jamila Akter , Lu Feng , Liu Dandan , Monto Abdul Razak , Dusabe Keza Dominique , Ma Haile
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

There has been a significant growth in demand for plant‐derived protein, and this has been accompanied by an increasing need for sustainable animal‐feed options. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetic field‐assisted solid fermentation (MSSF) on the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and functional and structural characteristics of rapeseed meal (RSM) with a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis.

RESULTS

Our investigation demonstrated that the MSSF nitrogen release rate reached 86.3% after 96 h of fermentation. The soluble protein and peptide content in magnetic field feremented rapeseed meal reached 29.34 and 34.49 mg mL−1 after simulated gastric digestion, and the content of soluble protein and peptide in MF‐FRSM reached 61.81 and 69.85 mg mL−1 after simulated gastrointestinal digestion, which significantly increased (p > 0.05) compared with the fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM). Studies of different microstructures – using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) – and protein secondary structures have shown that the decline in intermolecular or intramolecular cross‐linking leads to the relative dispersion of proteins and improves the rate of nitrogen release. The smaller number of disulfide bonds and conformational alterations suggests that the IVPD of RSM was improved.

CONCLUSIONS

Magnetic field‐assisted solid fermentation can be applied to enhance the nutritional and protein digestibility of FRSM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of medicine food homologous materials on food allergy‐associated factors: intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation and Th2 immune response
Authors: Xu Xiaoqian , Wang Qian , Tong Ping , Li Xin , Meng Xuanyi , Wu Yong , Yuan Juanli , Chen Hongbing , Gao Jinyan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Food allergies could be regulated via Th1/Th2 balance, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, which were considered as food allergy‐associated factors. Medicine‐food homologous materials (MFHM) were considered as a significant factor with respect to preventing human diseases. To evaluate the associations between MFHM and food allergy‐associated factors, two types of MFHM with the remarkable function of anti‐oxidation and anti‐inflammation, Gardeniae fructus (Gar) and Sophorae glos (Sop), were chosen.

RESULTS

By constructing an H2O2‐induced oxidative stress model of Caco‐2 cells and an intestinal inflammatory cell model of Caco‐2 cells with tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin (IL)‐13, the contents of anti‐oxidative enzymes (SOD and GSH), inflammatory factor (IL‐8) and tight junction proteins (zonula occludens‐1, occludin and claudin‐1) in Caco‐2 cells were determined. Moreover, the anti‐allergic effects of digestive Sop and Gar were evaluated by measuring the levels of Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines in the spleen cells of sensitized mice. The results showed that the SOD and GSH were obviously increased and the gene and protein expression of IL‐8 and claudin‐1 were improved with the incubation of digested Sop. Th2 cytokine was reduced and Th1/Th2 balance was promoted on coincubation with ovalbumin (OVA) and digested Sop in the splenocytes. However, the digested Gar had no effect.

CONCLUSION

The digested Sop not only had suppressive effects on intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, but also had regulative effects on Th1/Th2 balance. This finding demonstrated that not all of the MFHM with anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects have anti‐allergic activities. The present study may be contributing toward establishing a screening model to identify the anti‐allergic MFHM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The general Bernstein function: Application to χ‐fractional differential equations
Authors: Sadek Lakhlifa , Sami Bataineh Ahmad
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present the general Bernstein functions for the first time. The properties of generalized Bernstein basis functions are given and demonstrated. The classical Bernstein polynomial bases are merely a subset of the general Bernstein functions. Based on the new Bernstein base functions and the collocation method, we present a numerical method for solving linear and nonlinear
‐fractional differential equations (
‐FDEs) with variable coefficients. The fractional derivative used in this work is the
‐Caputo fractional derivative sense (
‐CFD). Combining the Bernstein functions basis and the collocation methods yields the approximation solution of nonlinear differential equations. These base functions can be used to solve many problems in applied mathematics, including calculus of variations, differential equations, optimal control, and integral equations. Furthermore, the convergence of the method is rigorously justified and supported by numerical experiments.
Elevated BMI impacts brain‐state dynamics within the sensorimotor‐to‐transmodal hierarchy
Authors: Han Jinfeng , Zhuang Kaixiang , Dong Debo , Yang Yingkai , Liu Yong , He Qinghua , Feng Tingyong , Lei Xu , Qiu Jiang , Chen Hong
Published: January 2024

Objective

Overweight and obesity, as commonly indicated by a higher BMI, are associated with functional alterations in the brain, which may potentially result in cognitive decline and emotional illness. However, the manner in which these detrimental impacts manifest in the brain's dynamic characteristics remains largely unknown.

Methods

Based on two independent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets (Behavioral‐Brain Research Project of Chinese Personality, n = 1923; Human Connectome Project, n = 998), the current study employed a Hidden Markov model to identify the spatiotemporal features of brain activity states. Subsequently, the study examined the changes in brain‐state dynamics and the corresponding functional outcomes that arise with an increase in BMI.

Results

Elevated BMI tends to shift the brain's activity states toward a greater emphasis on a specific set of states, i.e., the metastate, that are relevant to the joint activities of sensorimotor systems, making it harder to transfer to the metastate of transmodal systems. These findings were reconfirmed in a longitudinal sample (Behavioral‐Brain Research Project of Chinese Personality, n = 34) that exhibited a significant increase in BMI at follow‐up. Importantly, the alternation of brain‐state dynamics specifically mediated the relationships between BMI and adverse functional outcomes, including cognitive decline and symptoms of mental illness.

Conclusions

The altered brain‐state dynamics within the sensorimotor‐to‐transmodal hierarchy provide new insights into obesity‐related brain dysfunctions and mental health issues.
Biocompatible antiviral Pickering emulsion‐based formulation for plant root protection from tobamovirus‐infected soil
Authors: Mani Karthik Ananth , Berenice Meche , Cohen Raz , Feldbaum‐Amar Reut , Dombrovsky Aviv , Mechrez Guy
Published: January 2024

The soil‐borne virus known as tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has a low rate of around 3% soil‐mediated infection when the soil has root debris from a previous 30–50 day development cycle of tomato plants infected with ToBRFV. This study presents anti‐viral coating formulations based on Pickering emulsion. The coating formulation is based on water‐in‐canola oil emulsions stabilized using commercial hydrophobic silica, with water‐soluble polymer (sodium polyacrylic acid). The structure of the emulsions and their stability were characterized by confocal microscopy, centrifugal analysis using a LUMiSizer®, used to confirm the emulsion stability. We tested a few different silica concentration‐based formulations, which were prepared with or without the addition of various virus disinfectants. We found that under conditions of 100% soil‐mediated ToBRFV infection of uncoated positive control plants, root‐coating with formulations based on silica Pickering emulsion were prepared with the disinfectant chlorinated‐trisodium phosphate (TSP‐Cl) showed low percentages of soil‐mediated ToBRFV infection. These formulations had no adverse effect on plant growth parameters when compared to negative control plants grown under non ToBRFV inoculation conditions.
Dynamical mechanical and impact strength behavior of 3D‐printing testing specimens manufactured by fused filament fabrication of isotactic polypropylene/functionalized titania nanotubes nanocomposites: Influence of β‐crystal promoting
Authors: Flores Johann Alberto Ramírez , Martínez Diego Villarreal , Padilla Jose Manuel Mata , Armendáriz Alonso Edgar F. , Camarillo Armando Almendarez
Published: January 2024

Thermomechanical and impact properties of isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with titania nanotubes (TiNTs) at weight distributions of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% were investigated. The goal of this study was to create a novel iPP‐based nanocomposite filament fused filament fabrication (FFF) with improved thermo‐mechanical and impact properties to enable the creation of more customized geometries. First, TiNTs were chemically functionalized with pimelic acid (PA) to promote the β‐crystalline phase using Ca as anchoring. FTIR results revealed the presence of new bands at 1575 and 1413 cm−1, which were attributed to the anchoring of the PA molecule on the TiNT surface. TEM images of the TiNTs confirmed its tubular morphology before and after the functionalization, while the SEM/EDS analysis showed the good dispersion of carbon which can only come from the organic molecule employed in the functionalization. The nano‐reinforcements were incorporated by extrusion generating a filament to produce 3D‐printed specimens. The efficacy of the modified reinforcement as a β‐crystalline phase promoter was evaluated by wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction. The nanocomposite with 1% modified TiNTs showed the highest β‐crystal promotion with a kβ‐index of 89% while the nanocomposites reinforced with unmodified TiNTs reached only 15%. Furthermore, the thermomechanical and impact properties were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis and Izod. In the first, the storage modulus (E′) was higher than the raw iPP for all nanocomposites, with an increase of about 148% and 107%, while the nanocomposite with a high percentage of β‐crystal showed an increase of 183% in the impact strength properties. A shift of Tg to higher temperatures was attributed to better interfacial interactions polymer/nano‐reinforcement because of the functionalization. The modified nano‐reinforcement was able to generate a 3D‐printed nanocomposite with higher stiffness and impact strength properties than the raw iPP.
Social media use and health promotion among cancer survivors
Authors: Atarere Joseph O. , Onyeaka Henry K. , Chido‐Amajuoyi Onyema G. , Adewunmi Comfort , Nwaneki Chisom , Dosunmu Gideon T. , Faith Chilotam O. , Amonoo Hermioni L.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Social media is becoming recognized as an effective platform for cancer health promotion, education, care, and support. However, its utility as a health promotion tool remains relatively unexplored.

Methods

Using cross‐sectional data from the 2017–2020 Health Information National Trends Survey, we evaluated health‐related usage of social media among cancer survivors and individuals without a history of cancer. We also examined the participant characteristics associated with social media usage and evaluated the relationship between social media use and positive health behaviors among the cancer survivors.

Results

Overall, cancer survivors (n = 2579) were as likely as individuals without a history of cancer to use social media for health promotion. Males [OR 0.65; 95% CI (0.45, 0.93)] and older adults (>60 years old) [OR 0.27; 95% CI(0.10, 0.77)] were less likely to use social media, while higher income [OR 2.27; 95% CI (1.05, 4.92) middle income; OR 1.90; 95% CI (1.17, 3.09) high income] and educational levels [OR 3.29; 95% CI (1.85, 5.84) some college; OR 2.36; 95% CI (1.30, 4.28) college graduate or more] were associated with more health‐related social media use among survivors. Cancer survivors used social media for online support groups more than other individuals, and those who used at least one form of social media for health‐related purposes increasingly meet national recommendations for strength training compared to non‐users [OR 2.15; 95% CI (1.48, 3.13)].

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of social media to promote positive health behaviors among cancer survivors. Further research is needed to describe the efficacy of social media‐based interventions for improving health behaviors in diverse cancer populations.
Benzo‐bisimidazole based nanosheets having porphyrin like internal core with high second order nonlinear optical response: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Singh Ajeet
Published: January 2024

The 2D network having porphyrin like internal core are well established in literature due to their remarkable molecular tunability, photophysical and optoelectronics properties. Therefore, in the quest to attain the high performance nonlinear optical (NLO) response we have designed single Benzo‐bisimidazole (BIZ) unit which has porphyrin like motif and expanded it strategically in such a way that it forms cage and further it convert into 2D nanosheet. Density functional theory (DFT), sum‐over‐state models and time dependent‐DFT (TD‐DFT) simulation were performed for geometric and electronic properties calculation. Expanding the BIZ plays a pivotal role in enhancement of the first static hyperpolarizability (βtot) from 205.65 to 13754.59 au. Further, alkali metals substitution leads to gigantic enhancement of βtot value from 2200.17 to 636673.60 au which is enormously higher than that of recently reported porphyrin derivative (47950 au). Calculated results revealed that the gap between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) become narrow down from 6.28 eV (1) to 1.70 eV (6). It is to note that the designed molecules exhibit red shift of absorption. Further, density of states (DOS), and transition density matrix (TDM) analysis have also performed to explore the charge transfer and structure property relationship.
Imputed quantile vector autoregressive model for multivariate spatial–temporal data
Authors: Jinwen Liang , Maozai Tian
Published: January 2024

Imputing missing values in multivariate spatial–temporal data is important in many fields. Existing low rank tensor learning methods are popular for handling this task but are sensitive to high level of skewness. The aim of this paper is to develop an alternative method with robustness and high imputation accuracy for multivariate spatial–temporal data. In view of the fact that quantile regression is robust to noises and outliers, we propose an imputed quantile vector autoregressive (IQVAR) model. IQVAR can simultaneously impute missing values and estimate parameters of quantile vector autoregressive model. The objective function includes check loss and nuclear norm penalization. We develop an ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers) algorithm to solve the resulting optimization problem. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to verify the efficiency of IQVAR. Compared with other approaches, IQVAR is more robust and accurate.
DNA Adsorption Capabilities of Amine Functionalized Magnetic Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Beads from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Topçu Aykut Arif
Published: January 2024

In this work, the magnetic cellulose acetate butyrate beads (mCABs) were prepared and then, their surfaces were modified with [(3‐Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane)] (APTES) solution to generate amine groups (−NH2) as a ligand for DNA adsorption in the aqueous solution. After the surface modification, the −NH2 functionalized mCABs (N−mCABs) were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. The optimum pH value of DNA adsorption was observed at pH 4 and at this point, the N−mCABs adsorbed 4.27 mg/g DNA at room temperature (RT). The maximum adsorbed amount of DNA was calculated as 5.24 mg/g and the DNA adsorption was exothermic; furthermore, DNA adsorption was monolayer and the Langmuir adsorption model was more fitted than the Freunclich isotherm model due to the regression coefficient (R2), and the qmax values of the Langmuir model. According to reusability studies, the prepared adsorbent protected its stability and the adsorption capacity after the 5 consecutive adsorption, desorption, and regeneration cycles.
Anchoring Carbon Spheres on Titanium Dioxide Modified Commercial Polyethylene (PE) Separator to Suppress Lithium Dendrites for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Ling , Gao Xingxu , Li Jingjing , Gao Yong , Zhang Mingyue , Bai Yaozong , Liu Gaojun , Dong Haoyu , Sheng Lei , Wang Tao , Huang Xianli , He Jianping
Published: January 2024

Lithium dendrites are easily generated for excessively‐solved lithium ions (Li+) inside the lithium metal batteries, which will lead serious safety issues. In this experiment, carbon spheres (CS) are successfully anchored on TiO2 (CS@TiO2) in the hydrothermal polymerization, which is filtrated on the commercial PE separator (CS@TiO2@PE). The negative charge in CS can suppress random diffusion of anions through electrostatic interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CS contributes to the desolvation of Li+, thereby increasing the migration rate of Li+. Furthermore, TiO2 exhibits high affinity to liquid electrolytes and acts as a physical barrier to lithium dendrite formation. CS@TiO2 is a combination of the advantages of CS and TiO2. As results, the Li+ transference number of the CS@TiO2@PE separator can be promoted to 0.63. The Li||Li cell with the CS@TiO2@PE separator exhibits a stable cycle performance for more than 600 h and lower polarization voltage (17 mV) at 1 mA cm−2. The coulombic efficiency (CE) of the Li||Cu cells employe the CS@TiO2@PE separator is 81.63% over 130 cycles. The discharge capacity of LiFePO4||Li cells based on the CS@TiO2@PE separator is 1.73 mAh (capacity retention = 91.53% after 260 cycles). Thus, the CS@TiO2 layer inhibits lithium dendrite formation.
Highly Solubilized Urea as Effective Proton Donor‐Acceptors for Durable Zinc‐Ion Storage Beyond Single‐Anion Selection Criteria
Authors: Tao Li , Lu Xuejun , Qu Keqi , Zeng You , Miller Mitchell B. , Liu Jian
Published: January 2024

Urea, as one of the most sustainable organic solutes, denies the high salt consumption in commercial electrolytes with its peculiar solubility in water. The bi‐mixture of urea‐H2O shows the eutectic feature for increased attention in aqueous Zn‐ion electrochemical energy storage (AZEES) technologies. While the state‐of‐the‐art aqueous electrolyte recipes are still pursuing the high‐concentrated salt dosage with limited urea adoption and single‐anion selection category. Here, a dual‐anion urea‐based (DAU) electrolyte composed of dual‐Zn salts and urea‐H2O‐induced solutions is reported, contributing to a stable electric double‐layer construction and in situ organic/inorganic SEI formation. The optimized ZT2S0.5‐20U electrolytes show a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.2% and durable Zn‐ion storage ≈4000 h regarding Zn//Cu and Zn//Zn stripping/plating procedures. The assembled Zn//activated carbon full cells maintain ≈100% capacitance over 50 000 cycles at 4 A g–1 in coin cell and ≈98% capacitance over 20 000 cycles at 1 A g–1 in pouch cell setups. A 12 × 12 cm2 pouch cell assembly illustrates the practicality of AZEES devices by designing the cheap, antifreezing, and nonflammable DAU electrolyte system coupling proton donor‐acceptor molecule and multi‐anion selection criteria, exterminating the critical technical barriers in commercialization.
Victimization and Intentional Injury in Global LGBTQI Populations
Authors: Xavier Hall Casey D. , Rider G. Nic , Bradford Nova , Areba Eunice M. , Miller Katy
Published: January 2024

Intentional injury and violence affect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) populations globally and have a detrimental impact on their health and well-being. Elevated levels of injury and violence have been documented in LGBTQI populations relative to heterosexual, cisgender populations. Moreover, LGBTQI individuals experience unique forms of victimization, including hate-motivated violence and criminalization of LGBTQI identities. This chapter provides a broad overview of the literature addressing injury and victimization in LGBTQI populations worldwide, with an emphasis on the Global South. Topics include relevant frameworks, the various manifestations of injury and victimization, and antecedents, consequences, and interventions within interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal domains. Implications for intersections of social identities (e.g., ethno-racial, gender, age) and sub-populations (e.g., people engaged in sex work) are discussed. There remains a critical need for in-depth research and intervention development for many forms of violence that impact LGBTQI populations worldwide. Particular emphasis on addressing subpopulations such as transgender, non-binary, bisexual, intersex, LGBTQI elders, and populations of color is needed. Future research and development of interventions should center on perspectives from the Global South and employ de-colonial and post-colonial frameworks.
Probing dark sector fermions in Higgs precision studies and direct searches
Authors: Freitas Ayres , Song Qian
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the discovery prospect of simplified fermionic dark sectors models through Higgs precision measurements at e+e− colliders and direct searches at hadron colliders. These models extend the Standard Model with two Majorana or Dirac fermions that are singlets, doublets or triplets under the weak SU(2) group. For all models, we consider two scenarios where the lightest new fermion is either stable, or where it decays into other visible final states. For the Higgs precision observables we primarily focus on σ(e+e− → ZH), which can deviate from the Standard Model through one-loop corrections involving the new fermions. Deviations of 0.5% or more, which could be observable at future e+e− colliders, are found for TeV-scale dark sector masses. By combining the constraints from the oblique parameters, Br(H → γγ), and direct production of the new fermions at the LHC, a comprehensive understanding of the discovery potential of these models can be achieved. In both scenarios, there exist some parameter regions where the Higgs precision measurements can provide complementary information to direct LHC searches.
Influence phase of a dS observer. Part I. Scalar exchange
Authors: Loganayagam R. , Shetye Omkar
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Inspired by real-time computations in AdS black holes, we propose a method to obtain the influence phase of a cosmological observer by calculating the on-shell action on a doubled spacetime geometry. The influence phase is the effective action for an open system: for a dS static patch observer coupled to a scalar field it incorporates the radiation reaction due to the bulk fields and their dS Hawking radiation. For a general extended source in dS, we describe how to account for finite size effects. In the long-time limit, we get a Markovian open quantum system susceptible to cosmological fluctuations, whereas the short-time limit reproduces the worldline theory of flat-space radiation reaction. We also present a fully covariantised form for the cubic corrections to the radiation reaction in even spacetime dimensions, including Hubble contributions, and find an intriguing recursive structure across dimensions.
Self-duality under gauging a non-invertible symmetry
Authors: Choi Yichul , Lu Da-Chuan , Sun Zhengdi
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We discuss two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) which are invariant under gauging a non-invertible global symmetry. At every point on the orbifold branch of c = 1 CFTs, it is known that the theory is self-dual under gauging a ℤ2 × ℤ2 symmetry, and has Rep(H8) and Rep(D8) fusion category symmetries as a result. We find that gauging the entire Rep(H8) fusion category symmetry maps the orbifold theory at radius R to that at radius 2/R. At R = $$ \sqrt{2} $$

2

, which corresponds to two decoupled Ising CFTs (Ising2 in short), the theory is self-dual under gauging the Rep(H8) symmetry. This implies the existence of a topological defect line in the Ising2 CFT obtained from half-space gauging of the Rep(H8) symmetry, which commutes with the c = 1 Virasoro algebra but does not preserve the fully extended chiral algebra. We bootstrap its action on the c = 1 Virasoro primary operators, and find that there are no relevant or marginal operators preserving it. Mathematically, the new topological line combines with the Rep(H8) symmetry to form a bigger fusion category which is a ℤ2-extension of Rep(H8). We solve the pentagon equations including the additional topological line and find 8 solutions, where two of them are realized in the Ising2 CFT. Finally, we show that the torus partition functions of the Monster2 CFT and Ising×Monster CFT are also invariant under gauging the Rep(H8) symmetry.
History of surgery at the University of Vienna
Authors: Wolner Laurenz , Höfinger Paula , Wolner Ernst
Published: January 2024

There are several publications on the history of surgery at the University of Vienna. None of these publications, however, sought to group the rich history of surgery in Vienna into distinct “surgical schools” of which, upon closer inspection, only 3 have emerged over the last 250 years. The oldest school dates back to Ferdinand Joseph von Leber and Vinzenz von Kern in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the second school was founded by Theodor Billroth in 1867 and his student Anton Eiselsberg in 1900. The third school dates back to Jan Navratil, who was called to Vienna from Brno in 1967. Each of these schools is unique in that it maintained a degree of coherence, as knowledge, methodology and scientific focus were passed down in a chain of succession. These three schools also significantly influenced the rest of surgery in Vienna because most of the department chairs at the Vienna city hospitals or private hospitals were trained in one of these three schools.