bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hygienic status of raw milk after phytoceuticals using
Authors: Kondrasii L. A. , Iakubchak O. M. , Shevchenko А. M. , Danylenko S. G.
Published: November 2019

It is relevant to use bactericidal agents of plant origin for prevention and treatment of cow's mastitis that are generally positive for ensuring raw milk safety and quality. However, a significant effect is gained by using vegetable oils or organic compounds produced with the use of technologies that are able to enhance the effect. It is important to confirm scientifically safety and quality of raw milk after using modern plant bactericidal agents (phytoceuticals), such as Tim-O-Mast balm. Hygienic condition of raw milk received from cows after using Tim-O-Mas® balm was determined by organoleptic, physical, chemical and safety parameters of the milk. The presence of inhibitory substances was revealed by screening tests and by cultures of lactic acid microorganisms. Milk was sampled after 6 hours of the balm injection into the udder of healthy cows (intracisternally). The results of studies indicated that after highest dosage intracisternally injection of Tim-O-Mast® balm milk had aroma and taste of essential oils after 3 hours of storage at 28.0 ± 1.0 ºC, the total bacteria count (MAFAM) of the milk was significantly lower if compare to the control group by 6.5 × 103 CFU/cm3; after 9 and 24 hours of storage at 6.0 ± 1.0 ºC, the total bacteria count in the milk of the experimental group was less than in the control group by 49.7% and 34.4%, respectively, but between the groups no significant difference was observed. After dilution of milk samples obtained from cows of the experimental (cows after highest intracisternally injection dosage of Tim-O-Mast® balm) and control group in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 there was no organoleptic changes and inhibition of MAFAM growth. Raw milk from cows after highest dosage of Tim-O-Mast® balm had proper component composition and physic-chemical properties, judging by density, acidity, lactose, protein, fat and milk solids non-fat content. Screening tests, for example Delvotest SP NT®, was not sensitive for detection of Tim-O-Mast® balm in raw milk. Growth of lactic acid microorganisms cultures – Lactobacillus plantarum, Strectococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk after Tim-O-Mast® balm application did not have quantitative and qualitative difference with milk of control group, which indicate the fitness of such milk for the dairy products production.
Determination of bactericidal properties of the drug “Saroflox” in relation to museum test cultures of microorganisms
Authors: Golovko A. M. , Pinchuk N. G. , Fotina T. I. , Klishchova Zh. E.
Published: November 2019

Everyone knows that test cultures are used to control and quality the growth properties of nutrient media, to check the activity of antiseptics and disinfectants, as well as to assess the adequacy of the sensitivity of the tested microorganisms to new antibacterial drugs, which are currently produced by rapid temp. with the development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to most of the active substances used in new drugs. Moreover, it is the understanding that most antibiotics are clinically useless in treating infectious diseases because of their long-term use for chemotherapy purposes – a major problem not only in Ukraine but worldwide. In this article the results of researches sensitivity museum strains, namely: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (F-50), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 2853 (F), Proteus vulgaris HX 19 number 222, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterobacter aerogenes 10006, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 to the antibacterial drug “Saroflox”. We find that Saroflox inhibited the growth of all test cultures at different dilution rates. Using different concentrations of the antibiotic (2.5 mg, 1.25 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.3125 mg, 0.1562/200 μl), it was found that all test cultures under study were highly sensitive to Saroflox. most from 38.0 ± 1.0 to 20.0 ± 1.0 mm. The results of studies show that the new antibacterial drug “Saroflox” has bactericidal properties to most cultures that cause bacterial diseases of various species of animals and birds, which only confirms its effectiveness against gram-negative microorganisms (Enterobacter spp. , Staphylococcus aureus E. coli and others) including beta-lactam antibiotic resistant, tetracyclines, macrolides and aminoglycosides.
ENTRE AS ANGÚSTIAS E O DESEJO DE ENSINAR E APRENDER UMA LÍNGUA: DESAFIOS DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA EM FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Clarice Nunes
Published: November 2019

ENTRE AS ANGÚSTIAS E O DESEJO DE ENSINAR E APRENDER UMA LÍNGUA: DESAFIOS DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA EM FORMAÇÃOResumoEste artigo é parte de nossa dissertação de mestrado, em que trabalhamos com entrevistas de professores de Língua Estrangeira (LE), especificamente de língua inglesa, em formação. Tomamos como referência a psicanálise lacaniana que, em consonância com os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (ADF) apresentada por Pêcheux e algumas contribuições de Foucault, orientaram nossa análise. Levantamos os efeitos de sentido acerca das tensões que emergem nos discursos dos alunos-professores ou professores-alunos (como chamamos nossos sujeitos de pesquisa) com relação ao ensino de Língua Inglesa. Nossos sujeitos de pesquisa consistem em alunos de Letras que trabalham, ao mesmo tempo, como professores de língua inglesa, na rede pública do estado de São Paulo. Partindo do pressuposto de que o professor deveria saber a matéria ou conteúdo que ensina, neste caso, a língua inglesa, e que este saber o constitui como sujeito, toma-se como hipótese que tal saber ou não saber afeta sua subjetividade causando-lhe angústia. Os resultados apontam para a emergência de dois tipos de angústia: a do senso comum, que paralisa e a lacaniana que mobiliza o sujeito.
Effects of Chitosan Isolated from Crab Exoskeleton on Postharvest Stem-end Rot Disease and on the Quality of Mango Fruit
Authors: Baclayon Dewoowoogen , Calibo Candelario
Published: November 2019

Natural products for disease control and quality enhancement of fruit after harvest are increasingly used as alternative to chemical pesticides which are hazardous to human health and the environment. This study was conducted to extract chitosan from crab processing waste and compare its effect with commercial chitosan (Sigma) on stem-end rot disease and on the quality of carabao mango fruit. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristic absorption bands of the amides, the amines and the carbonyl occurring as prominent and sharp peaks in both laboratory-produced and the commercial chitosan. In vitro assay of D. natalenses against chitosan showed comparable inhibitory effect on fungal growth and development with that of Dithane (‘mancozeb’). When the extracted and commercial chitosan were dissolved in 2% acetic acid and applied at 0-500 ppm, it was found that chitosan regardless of source and concentration can reduce weight loss in mango during storage. Dipping the fruits at different chitosan concentrations significantly reduced the infection rate of stem-end rot disease. The infection rate in fruits treated with 100 ppm laboratory-produced chitosan was comparable with that of 500 ppm Sigma chitosan. The results of this study suggest that the laboratory-produced chitosan at 100 ppm is comparable with that of Sigma chitosan as they significantly slowed down the infection rate of stem end rot disease caused by D. natalensis. Chitosan’s antimicrobial action and beneficial effects on fruit quality could have far reaching application in the fresh fruit industry.
Interactive Multimedia Development in Exposition Text Learning According to Learning Media Expert in Dwitunggal Junior High School, Tanjung Morawa
Authors: Nasution Rizki Fadila
Published: November 2019

This study is aimed to develop products in the form of interactive learning multimedia in exposition teaching learning. Product development is designed using Adobe Flash CS5 Professional software. The object of this study is VII grade students of Dwitunggal Junior High School in Tanjung Morawa. The steps of developing Adobe Flash CS5 Professional multimedia for learning skills of writing the exposition text of VIII grade students of Junior High School as follows: (1) Decide, (2) Design (product design), (3) Product development, (4) Evaluate (Product test). The analysis needs to be carried out in two stages, there are: (1) literature study and (2) observation in Dwitunggal Junior High School in Tanjung Morawa.  To obtain the validity of the data, it is required validation of the expert media and material. After validation is done by the two media professionals, material, and practical testing were conducted on a limited basis in 35 students of VIII grade Dwitunggal Junior High School in Tanjung Morawa. Based on the results of validations and trials on interactive multimedia products, it can be reported as follows: (1) validation of the material shows the percentage of eligibility is 86, 3% with very good category (2) media validation shows the percentage of eligibility is 86.5% with very good category (4) teachers’ validity (practitioner) shows the percentage of eligibility is 90, 5 % with very good category. The acquisition of individual trial results is stated as "very good" with an average percentage of 83.7%. The acquisition of small group trial results is stated as "very good" with an average percentage of 85.5% and the acquisition of limited field trial results is stated as "very good" with an average percentage of 87.3%. The effectiveness of interactive multimedia products in learning of writing the exposition text seen from student learning outcomes in writing exposition text after using learning media that have been developed are in "very good" category with an average value of 88.17 and the average value before using text learning media exposition of 67.88 which is in the category of "sufficient". This proves that student learning outcomes are higher after using interactive multimedia in learning of writing exposition text with a value difference of 20.29.
The Development Process of Higher Order Thinking Skills Based Poetry Text Assessment Tools on VIII Grade Students of Junior High School Brigjend Katamso II Medan
Authors: Sihombing Erlina , Solin Mutsyuhito , Gafari M. Oky Fardian
Published: November 2019

This study is aimed describe the process of developing higher order thinking skills based poetry text assessment tools. Students need to be trained in their thinking skills by giving students the type of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) that can be used to improve students' thinking skills. This research was conducted in Junior High School Brigjend Katamso II Medan. The result shows that Preliminary studies were research and gathering preliminary information, namely needs analysis. The needs analysis in this research development began by distributing questionnaires to the needs of eighth grade students of Junior High School Brigjen Katamso II Medan, amounted to 35 students and 2 Indonesian language teachers of Junior High School Brigjen Katamso II Medan. The results of the needs analysis were as follows: That 100% of the teachers stated that they knew the assessment tools and 70% knew the steps in preparing the assessment tools. However, only 0% of teachers test their assessment tools before use so that 100% of teachers need a valid, effective and practical assessment tool.
Pengembangan Program Usaha Ekonomis Produktif dalam Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Rika Tini Dwi Listia
Published: November 2019

This study aims to explain the Development of Productive Economic Business Programs in Sumenep Regency in the context of empowering women and improving the quality of women as development resources.  The Development of Productive Economic Business Program is an effort of Sumenep Regency in order to build a better economy going forward related to the village economy.  The method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method in which references are the basis for analysis.  The Productive Economic Business Program Policy in Sumenep Regency is implemented under the auspices of the Community and Women's Empowerment Agency (BPMP) in the form of craftsmen business groups that utilize Natural Resources and Human Resources in each Village.  This phase of UEP development activities is carried out through an empowerment process carried out over a period of 3 (three) years and the phasing plans are 1) First Year (2013), namely the Growth Stage;  2) Second Year (2014) Development Phase and 3) Third Year (2015) Independence Phase.  From the UEP development activities that have a positive impact on women in rural areas, they can make money and help husbands without having to work far outside the home.
Interaksionisme Simbolik Aparatus Dan Pekerja Seks Di Bali
Authors: Ayu S Joni I Dewa , Dewi Pascarani Ni Nyoman , Erviantono Tedi
Published: November 2019

This article explores a form of symbolic interaction between the formal security apparatus of the State and sex workers in Bali. The study uses qualitative research methods with data collection methods for interviews and observations. Through this type of research traced the efforts of sex workers to communicate in order to negotiate their interests with the power represented by the local government security apparatus (apparatus). Sanders' (2001) and O'Neill's (2001) study shows sex workers are resistant to control. But in this capacity, sex workers have a communication style to negotiate activities with local state officials. Theory used symbolic interactionism from Blumer. In the field data obtained there are two types of meaning in symbolic interactions. Sex worker as a party spreading disease and violation of morality. Even this is used as building the meaning of the moral image of regional leaders. In this symbolic interaction meaning, sex workers with bureaucratic state apparatus are very dependent on social structures in society which depend on social status, involvement in sex trade organizations, and laws or policies related to the regulation of CSWs. Bali as a world tourism destination prioritizes the basic value of the development of cultural tourism and has never once declared it as sex tourism. It's just ironic that Bali is often used as a transit point for the existence of the trafficking industry before they depart overseas. Bali is used as the main transit of commercial sex workers in the women's trafficking network. Although in the interactionism the symbolic meaning of the repression of the state apparatus is still considered to manifest a patriarchal value system that provides more legal sanctions to service providers in this case sex workers, especially women, than their users, namely men.
MUATAN NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER PADA SASTRA ANAK BERJENIS DONGENG MODERN
Authors: Hidayah Hidayah
Published: November 2019

Berkaitan dengan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter melalui Budaya Sekolah yakni kegiatan literasi, maka penanaman nilai-nilai karakter dapat dilakukan melalui cerita dongeng. Peneliti lebih memfokuskan untuk memilih cerita dongeng modern karena cerita jenis ini ditulis pada era globalisasi atau era yang sudah modern sehingga lebih relevan dengan kehidupan anak sekarang.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai karakter yang termuat dalam dongeng modern. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti bertindak sebagai instrumen utama. Hal ini berarti, keikutsertaan peneliti dalam proses pengumpulan data hingga analisis data mutlak diperlukan. Selain itu, peneliti mengembangkan instrumen tambahan berupa instrumen analisis nilai-nilai karakter dalam cerita dongeng modern untuk menunjang proses penelitian. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berupa kata-kata atau kalimat yang terdapat pada cerita dongeng modern. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik studi dokumenter. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian kualitatif ini, yaitu (1) mengumpulkan data, (2) mentranskripsikan data, (3) memahami data secara umum, (4) pengkodean data, dan (5) membangun deskripsi untuk laporan penelitian. Untuk menjaga keabsahan data, dilakukan ketekukan pengamatan dan diskusi dengan teman sejawat serta dosen pembimbing untuk meninjau kembali data dan hasil penelitian yang telah ditemukan. Hasil dari penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu, 13 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik tema, 44 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik penokohan, 15 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik latar, 46 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik alur, 11 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik amanat, dan 23 muatan nilai karakter terkandung dalam unsur intrinsik sudut pandang.
PEREMPUN YANG INGIN JADI PEREMPUAN
Authors: Rahmadi Pitaya
Published: November 2019

Kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam berbagai dimensi kehidupan adalah impian perempuan. Perempuan ialah hak. Perempuan memiliki hak untuk melakukan juga apa yang dilakukan laki-laki. Perempuan adalah sebuah kebebasan yang selalu diperjuangkan karena dianggap masih terpenjarakan. Tulisan ini adalah sebuah kajian tokoh perempuan dalam novel Tarian Bumi karya Oka Rusmini. Perempuan-perempuan yang digambarkan oleh Oka Rusmini tidak hanya menjadi sebuah satir yang keras terhadap kehidupan dan sistem budaya laki-laki Bali. Dunia perempuan dalam Tarian Bumi dicitrakan sebagai sosok-sosok yang begitu kuat, gelisah, mandiri, dan pemberontak.Tulisanini juga bertujuanmenjelaskanpembelajarankarakterperempuan (LuhSekar, Telaga, dan SagraPidada) yang berjuangmelawanderasnyatekananadat yang mestidijalanidengansegalaketerbatasan gender, kasta, dan interaksimasyarakat. Perjuangantokohperempuansebagai second sex untukbertahanhidupdengansegalaeksistensimenyuarakankeinginannya. Analisiskualitatifdeskriptiinimenggunakanperspektifpsikoanalisis Sigmund Freud dan metodekarakterisasitokoh.
Analisis Mineralogi Dan Kualitas Batubara Desa Kadingeh, Kecamatan Baraka, Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Avicenna Muhammad Fuad , Sufriadin Sufriadin , Budiman Agus Ardianto , Widodo Sri
Published: November 2019

Batubara Kadingeh di Kecematan Baraka, Kabupaten Enrekang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan secara geografis terletak pada titik koordinat: 03o28’31” Lintang Selatan dan 119o52’41” Bujur Timur dan termasuk dalam kategori rank batubara Subbituminous. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan beberapa hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan. Analisis mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua mineral yang dominan seperti clay dan pirit. Sedangkan hasil analisis X-ray diffraction (XRD) batubara Desa Kadingeh menunjukkan kandungan mineral-mineral seperti kuarsa, goethit, illit dan pirit. Hasil analisis kualitas batubara menunjukkan bahwa kandungan inherent moisture berkisar dari 9,75%-11,17%, kandungan abu berkisar dari 3,54%-8,42%, volatile matter berkisar dari 25,26%-27,32%, fixed carbon berkisar dari 53,09%-61,45%, total sulfur berkisar dari 0,15%-0,21%, dan nilai kalori berkisar dari 5366,06 kcal/kg-6164,59% kcal/kg. Berdasarkan klasifikasi batubara menurut ASTM (1981), batubara Desa Kadingeh yang paling ekonomis digunakan pada industri yaitu SE-IIC dan SE-IIB tergolong batubara jenis Subbituminous A, sedangkan SE-IIA tergolong batubara Subbituminous B.
STRUCTURE OF FREEZING TALIK UNDER LAKE AT THE PARISENTO FIELD STATION (GYDAN PENINSULA) ACCORDING TO ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Shein Alexandr , Olenchenko Vladimir , Kamnev Yaroslav , Sinitskiy Anton
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies of freezing talik under lake with using of electrical resistivity tomography. The research was conducted on one of paleolake – khasyrey. The measurements performed in two perpendicular profiles by pole-dipole array with a maximum spacing of 435 m. According to results of two-dimensional inversion, an area of low electrical resistivity of rocks at a depth of 25-30 m associated with a freezing talik under lake was identified. It was determined that the depth of freezing within drained lake for the period from 1996 to 2018 is 17-22 m. The approximate rate of freezing is 1 m/year. Formation of talik have a resistance of 5-15 Ω·m. Frozen formations in the contours of young paleolake have apparent resistivity hundreds Ω·m. Within the boundaries of the more ancient khasyrey apparent resistivity of the frozen rocks up to several thousand Ω·m.
Topical and Oral Therapies for Childhood Atopic Dermatitis and Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Frantz Travis , Wright Ellen , Balogh Esther , Cline Abigail , Adler-Neal Adrienne , Feldman Steven
Published: November 2019

Background: Treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in children is difficult due to lack of standardized treatment guidelines and few FDA-approved treatment options. Treatments approved for adults may be used off-label in pediatric patients. Objective: This review evaluates the topical and oral treatment options available, including off-label uses, and provides a basic therapeutic guideline for pediatric atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Methods: A PubMed review of topical and systemic treatments for pediatric psoriasis and atopic dermatitis with information regarding age, efficacy, dosing, contra-indications, adverse events, and off-label treatments. Results: The search identified seven topical and five systemic treatments that are routinely employed to treat pediatric atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Limitations: Standardized guidelines regarding treatment choice, dosing, and long-term safety are scarce. Reviews may be subject to ascertainment bias. Conclusions: Current treatment guidelines are based on clinical experience and expert advice with few treatments officially approved for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in children.
The Impact of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Dielectric Properties of High Permittivity Composites
Authors: Goulas Athanasios , Zhang Shiyu , Cadman Darren , Järveläinen Jan , Mylläri Ville , Whittow Will , Vardaxoglou John , Engstrøm Daniel
Published: November 2019

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a well-known and greatly accessible additive manufacturing technology, that has found great use in the prototyping and manufacture of radiofrequency componentry, by using a range of composite thermoplastic materials that possess superior properties, when compared to standard materials for 3D printing. However, due to their nature and synthesis, they are often a great challenge to print successfully which in turn affects their microwave properties. Hence, determining the optimum printing strategy and settings is important to advance this area. The manufacturing study presented in this paper shows the impact of the main process parameters: printing speed, hatch spacing, layer height and material infill, during 3D printing on the relative permittivity (εr), and loss tangent (tanδ) of the resultant additively manufactured test samples. A combination of process parameters arising from this study, allowed successful 3D printing of test samples, that marked a relative permittivity of 9.06 ± 0.09 and dielectric loss of 0.032 ± 0.003.
Temperate Agroforestry Systems and Insect Pollinators: A Review
Authors: Bentrup Gary , Hopwood Jennifer , Adamson Nancy Lee , Vaughan Mace
Published: November 2019

Agroforestry can provide ecosystem services and benefits such as soil erosion control, microclimate modification for yield enhancement, economic diversification, livestock production and well-being, and water quality protection. Through increased structural and functional diversity in agricultural landscapes, agroforestry practices can also affect ecosystem services provided by insect pollinators. A literature review was conducted to synthesize information on how temperate agroforestry systems influence insect pollinators and their pollination services with particular focus on the role of trees and shrubs. Our review indicates that agroforestry practices can provide three overarching benefits for pollinators: (1) providing habitat including foraging resources and nesting or egg-laying sites, (2) enhancing site and landscape connectivity, and (3) mitigating pesticide exposure. In some cases, agroforestry practices may contribute to unintended consequences such as becoming a sink for pollinators, where they may have increased exposure to pesticide residue that can accumulate in agroforestry practices. Although there is some scientific evidence suggesting that agroforestry practices can enhance crop pollination and yield, more research needs to be conducted on a variety of crops to verify this ecosystem service. Through a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of agroforestry practices on pollinators and their key services, we can better design agroforestry systems to provide these benefits in addition to other desired ecosystem services.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Combined with a New Strontium-Enriched Bioactive Glass: An ex-vivo Model for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Bellucci Devis , Veronesi Elena , Strusi Valentina , Petrachi Tiziana , Murgia Alba , Mastrolia Ilenia , Dominici Massimo , Cannillo Valeria
Published: November 2019

A 3D cellular model that mimics the potential clinical application of a biomaterial is here applied for the first time to a bioactive glass, in order to assess its biological potential. A recently developed bioactive glass (BGMS10), whose composition contained strontium and magnesium, was produced in the form of granules and fully investigated in terms of biocompatibility in vitro. Apart from standard biological characterization (Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing and biocompatibility as per ISO10993), human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to investigate the performance of the bioactive glass granules in an innovative 3D cellular model. The results showed that BGMS10 supported human BM-MSCs adhesion, colonization, and bone differentiation. Thus, bioactive glass granules seem to drive osteogenic differentiation and thus look particularly promising for orthopedic applications, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Thermoresistive Properties of Graphite Platelet Films Supported by Different Substrates
Authors: Palomba Mariano , Carotenuto Gianfranco , Longo Angela , Sorrentino Andrea , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Iemmo Laura , Urban Francesca , Giubileo Filippo , Barucca Gianni , Rovere Massimo , Tagliaferro Alberto , Ambrosone Giuseppina , Coscia Ubaldo
Published: November 2019

Large-area graphitic films, produced by an advantageous technique based on spraying a graphite lacquer on glass and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) substrates were studied for their thermoresistive applications. The spray technique uniformly covered the surface of the substrate by graphite platelet (GP) unities, which have a tendency to align parallel to the interfacial plane. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the deposited films were composed of overlapped graphite platelets of different thickness, ranging from a few tens to hundreds of graphene layers, and Raman measurements provided evidence for a good graphitic quality of the material. The GP films deposited on glass and LDPE substrates exhibited different thermoresistive properties during cooling–heating cycles in the −40 to +40 °C range. Indeed, negative values of the temperature coefficient of resistance, ranging from −4 × 10−4 to −7 × 10−4 °C−1 have been observed on glass substrates, while positive values varying between 4 × 10−3 and 8 × 10−3 °C−1 were measured when the films were supported by LDPE. These behaviors were attributed to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the substrates. The appreciable thermoresistive properties of the graphite platelet films on LDPE could be useful for plastic electronic applications.
Highly Transparent and Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Visible-Photodetector Based on Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors with Heterojunction Structure
Authors: Wang Cheng-Jyun , You Hsin-Chiang , Lin Kuan , Ou Jen-Hung , Chao Keng-Hsien , Ko Fu-Hsiang
Published: November 2019

Highly transparent zinc oxide (ZnO)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of detecting visible light were fabricated through spray pyrolysis on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The spray-deposited channel layer of ZnO had a thickness of approximately 15 nm, and the thickness exhibited a linear increase with an increasing number of sprays. Furthermore, the ZnO thin-film exhibited a markedly smoother channel layer with a significantly lower surface roughness of 1.84 nm when the substrate was 20 cm from the spray nozzle compared with when it was 10 cm away. Finally, a ZnO and Au-NP heterojunction nanohybrid structure using plasmonic energy detection as an electrical signal, constitutes an ideal combination for a visible-light photodetector. The ZnO-based TFTs convert localized surface plasmon energy into an electrical signal, thereby extending the wide band-gap of materials used for photodetectors to achieve visible-light wavelength detection. The photo-transistors demonstrate an elevated on-current with an increase of the AuNP density in the concentration of 1.26, 12.6, and 126 pM and reach values of 3.75, 5.18, and 9.79 × 10−7 A with applied gate and drain voltages. Moreover, the threshold voltage (Vth) also drifts to negative values as the AuNP density increases.
Multi-Label Classification with Optimal Thresholding for Multi-Composition Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Gan Luyun , Yuen Brosnan , Lu Tao
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we implement multi-label neural networks with optimal thresholding to identify gas species among a multiple gas mixture in a cluttered environment. Using infrared absorption spectroscopy and tested on synthesized spectral datasets, our approach outperforms conventional binary relevance-partial least squares discriminant analysis when the signal-to-noise ratio and training sample size are sufficient.
Evaluation of the Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 in Phoxim Degradation via Transcriptomic Data and Product Analysis
Authors: Meng Di , Zhang Liyuan , Meng Jie , Tian Qiaopeng , Zhai Lixin , Hao Zhikui , Guan Zhengbing , Cai Yujie , Liao Xiangru
Published: November 2019

Phoxim, a type of organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is widely used in both agriculture and fisheries. The persistence of phoxim has caused serious environmental pollution problems. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 (YP6), which is capable of promoting plant growth and degrading broad-spectrum OPs, was used to study phoxim degradation. Different culture media were applied to evaluate the growth and phoxim degradation of YP6. YP6 can grow rapidly and degrade phoxim efficiently in Luria–Bertani broth (LB broth) medium. Furthermore, it can also utilize phoxim as the sole phosphorus source in a mineral salt medium. Response surface methodology was performed to optimize the degradation conditions of phoxim by YP6 in LB broth medium. The optimum biodegradation conditions were 40 °C, pH 7.20, and an inoculum size of 4.17% (v/v). The phoxim metabolites, O,O-diethylthiophosphoric ester, phoxom, and α-cyanobenzylideneaminooxy phosphonic acid, were confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to give insight into the phoxim-stress response at the transcriptome level. The hydrolase-, oxidase-, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding genes were significantly upregulated for phoxim hydrolysis, sulfoxidation, and o-dealkylation. Furthermore, the phoxim biodegradation pathways by YP6 were proposed, for the first time, based on transcriptomic data and product analysis.
A Review on Styrene Substitutes in Thermosets and Their Composites
Authors: Wu Yuchao , Fei Mingen , Qiu Renhui , Liu Wendi , Qiu Jianhui
Published: November 2019

In recent decades, tremendous interest and technological development have been poured into thermosets and their composites. The thermosets and composites with unsaturated double bonds curing system are especially concerned due to their versatility. To further exploit such resins, reactive diluents (RDs) with unsaturated sites are usually incorporated to improve their processability and mechanical properties. Traditional RD, styrene, is a toxic volatile organic compound and one of the anticipated carcinogens warned by the National Institute of Health, USA. Most efforts have been conducted on reducing the usage of styrene in the production of thermosets and their composites, while very few works have systematically summarized these literatures. Herein, recent developments regarding styrene substitutes in thermosets and their composites are reviewed. Potential styrene alternatives, such as vinyl derivatives of benzene and (methyl)acrylates are discussed in details. Emphasis is focused on the strategies on developing novel RD monomers through grafting unsaturated functional groups on renewable feedstocks such as carbohydrates, lignin, and fatty acids. This review also highlights the development and characteristics of RD monomers and their influence on processability and mechanical performance of the resulting thermosets and composites.
Conditional Variance Forecasts for Long-Term Stock Returns
Authors: Mammen Enno , Nielsen Jens Perch , Scholz Michael , Sperlich Stefan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we apply machine learning to forecast the conditional variance of long-term stock returns measured in excess of different benchmarks, considering the short- and long-term interest rate, the earnings-by-price ratio, and the inflation rate. In particular, we apply in a two-step procedure a fully nonparametric local-linear smoother and choose the set of covariates as well as the smoothing parameters via cross-validation. We find that volatility forecastability is much less important at longer horizons regardless of the chosen model and that the homoscedastic historical average of the squared return prediction errors gives an adequate approximation of the unobserved realised conditional variance for both the one-year and five-year horizon.
Modern Approaches to Preparation of Body Fluids for Determination of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Madej Katarzyna , Piekoszewski Wojciech
Published: November 2019

The current clinical and forensic toxicological analysis of body fluids requires a modern approach to sample preparation characterized by high selectivity and enrichment capability, suitability for micro-samples, simplicity and speed, and the possibility of automation and miniaturization, as well as the use of small amounts of reagents, especially toxic solvents. Most of the abovementioned features may be realized using so-called microextraction techniques which cover liquid-phase techniques (e.g., single-drop microextraction, SDME; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, DLLME; hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, HF-LPME) and solid-phase extraction techniques (solid-phase microextraction, SPME; microextraction in packed syringes, MEPS; disposable pipette tip extraction, DPX; stir bar sorption extraction, SBSE). Some other extraction methodologies like dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) or magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) can also be easily miniaturized. This review briefly describes and characterizes the abovementioned extraction methods, and then presents their current applications to the preparation of body fluids analyzed for bioactive compounds in combination with appropriate analytical methods, mainly chromatographic and related techniques. The perspectives of the analytical area we are interested in are also indicated.
Detection of frailty in older patients using a mobile app: cross-sectional observational study in primary care
Authors: Aznar-Tortonda Vanessa , Palazón-Bru Antonio , la Rosa David Manuel Folgado-de , Espínola-Morel Virginia , Pérez-Pérez Bierca Fermina , León-Ruiz Ana Belén , Gil-Guillén Vicente Francisco
Published: November 2019

Background

The main instruments used to assess frailty are the Fried frailty phenotype and the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale. Both instruments contain items that must be obtained in a personal interview and cannot be used with an electronic medical record only.

Aim

To develop and internally validate a prediction model, based on a points system and integrated in an application (app) for Android, to predict frailty using only variables taken from a patient’s clinical history.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional observational study undertaken across the Valencian Community, Spain.

Method

A sample of 621 older patients was analysed from January 2017 to May 2018. The main variable was frailty measured using the FRAIL scale. Candidate predictors were: sex, age, comorbidities, or clinical situations that could affect daily life, polypharmacy, and hospital admission in the last year. A total of 3472 logistic regression models were estimated. The model with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was selected and adapted to the points system. This system was validated by bootstrapping, determining discrimination (AUC), and calibration (smooth calibration).

Results

A total of 126 (20.3%) older people were identified as being frail. The points system had an AUC of 0.78 and included as predictors: sex, age, polypharmacy, hospital admission in the last year, and diabetes. Calibration was satisfactory.

Conclusion

A points system was developed to predict frailty in older people using parameters that are easy to obtain and recorded in the clinical history. Future research should be carried out to externally validate the constructed model.
Water-Level Trends in Aquifers of South Carolina
Authors: Harder Scott V. , Gellici Joseph A. , Wachob Andrew
Published: November 2019

Groundwater levels are examined to document and evaluate short- and long-term trends observed in each of the major aquifers in the State. Data are compiled from groundwater-monitoring networks maintained by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (DNR), the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The data are used in the support of groundwater management and allocation, assessment of droughts, groundwater-flow modeling, and resource assessment. Hydrographs from approximately 170 wells are reviewed with periods of record ranging from 1 to 56 years.
Hydro-meteorologic Assessment of October 2015 Extreme Precipitation Event on Santee Experimental Forest Watersheds, South Carolina
Authors: Amatya Devendra M. , Harrison Charles A. , Trettin Carl C.
Published: November 2019

The extreme precipitation event on October 3-4, 2015, likely resulting from the convergence of a persistent deep easterly flow, the continuous supply of moisture, the terrain, and the circulation associated with Hurricane Joaquin off the eastern Atlantic Coast (http://cms.met.psu. edu/sref/severe/2015/04Oct2015.pdf) resulted in extreme and prolonged flooding in many parts of South Carolina. We present the precipitation amounts and intensities observed at four gauges on the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest (SEF) watersheds during this extreme event in conjunction with the antecedent conditions for 5 days prior to the event. All four rain gauges recorded 24-hr maximum rainfall of 340 mm or more during October 3-4, exceeding the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) 100-yr 24-hr design rainfall data. The 5-day antecedent measured rainfall prior to October 3 already exceeded 170 mm in three of the four gauges resulting in weekly (September 28-October 4 totals exceeding 625 mm in all gauges. Local surface water ponding of as much as 0.46 m above land surface was observed on one of the groundwater wells at an elevation of 10.395 m. The recorded stage heights at one 1st order (WS 80) and one- 2nd order (WS79) watershed gauging stations over topped the compound weir (WS 80) and weir/culvert (WS 79) outlets, with the highest stages coming near the invert of the bridge above the weir gauges and inundating large riparian areas upstream of them. Preliminary calculations yielded peak flood discharges of at least 17.4 m3 s-1 (10.9 m3 s-1 km-2 or 996 cfs/mi2) and 33.9 m3 s-1 (6.8 m3 s-1 km-2 or 620 cfs/mi2) for a 1st and 2nd order watersheds, respectively. These values exceeded the previously measured peak discharges within a 25-year record of 3.8 m3 s-1 and 11.2 m3 s-1 for these two watersheds that were recorded on October 24, 2008. When compared with computed design discharges the estimated peak flood discharges on October 4, 2015 exceed the values for a 500-yr return period. These extreme peak flood discharge results may provide insights for a need to revisit existing approaches for hydrologic analyses and design of cross drainage and other water management structures as concerns about extreme storm events resulting from global warming continue.
Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimated by Four Methods for South Carolina
Authors: Amatya Devendra M. , Muwamba Augustine , Panda Sudhanshu , Callahan Timothy , Harder Scott , Pellett C. Alex
Published: November 2019

Given South Carolina’s ongoing water planning efforts, in this study, we evaluated seasonal and annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) using measured Class A pan evaporation (PE) and 3 widely used estimation methods for the state with 3 distinct physiographic regions (Coastal, Piedmont, and Mountain). The methods were temperature-based Hargreaves-Samani (H-S), radiation-based Priestley-Taylor (P-T), and process-based Penman-Monteith (P-M). The objectives of the study were to (a) describe seasonal and temporal distribution of PET by all methods, (b) quantify differences among PET methods, and (c) identify relationships between monthly PE and estimated PET by each method. Daily weather variables from 59 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations distributed in the 3 regions of South Carolina (SC) were used to estimate daily PET for an 18-year period (1998–2015). Net radiation was estimated using modeled solar radiation values for weather stations. The average annual H-S PET values adjusted with the empirical radiation factor (KT) and the average annual P-T PET values for 1998–2015 were 1,232 ± 9, 1,202 ± 11, and 1,115 ± 10 mm and 1,179 ± 10, 1,137 ± 11, and 1,082 ± 11 mm, respectively, for the Coastal, Piedmont, and Mountain regions. Both the mean annual H-S and P-T PET for the Mountain region were significantly (α = 0.05) lower than for the Coastal and Piedmont regions. The mean annual P-T PET for the Coastal region was significantly (α = 0.05) greater than that for the Piedmont. Regional differences showed that estimated PET for 1998-2015 was greatest in the Coastal and lowest in the Mountain region. Comparison of all 3 methods using only common 8-year data showed mean annual P-M PET, varying from 1,142 mm in the Piedmont to 1,270 mm in the Coastal region, was significantly higher than both the H-S and P-T PET in both regions. The greatest mean monthly H-S and P-T PET values were observed in June and July. Statistical evaluation using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and percent bias showed a slightly better agreement of H-S PET with both the measured PE as well as the P-M method, followed by the P-T. However, the P-T method yielded a close to unity slope and slightly higher R2 than the H-S PET when compared with the PE. The P-T PET method that uses both the temperature and radiation data may be preferred for SC with a humid climate dominated by forest land use, given more rigorous ground-truthing of modeled solar radiation as data become available. Surface interpolation algorithm, inverse distance weighted, was used to spatially map both the distributed H-S and P-T PET for the state. Results from this study can be used to support several components of the ongoing water planning efforts in SC.
An Online Tool for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Requirements of Crops in South Carolina
Authors: Payero José O.
Published: November 2019

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in South Carolina regarding the amount of water used by different consumers, especially agricultural producers. This interest has sparked conversations among different stakeholders, including the media, policy makers, producers, scientists, and the general public, regarding the current state and future of water resources in the state. Central to these discussions, from the agricultural sector perspective, is the question of how much water producers really need to grow crops. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop an online tool to use local South Carolina historic weather data to estimate daily and seasonal crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements for different crops. The overall goal was for the new tool to assist farmers and other stakeholders to better plan irrigation water allocations and management. Therefore, an interactive online tool called ETcCalc was created to address this objective. ETcCalc, which is freely available online (http://sccropwater.com), was developed using historic weather data; therefore, it is suitable as an irrigation planning tool rather than a real-time irrigation scheduling tool.
Bambu Sebagai Tulangan Pada Perkerasan Kaku (Rigid Pavement) Jalan Raya
Authors: Darma Eko , Gunarti Anita Setyowati Srie , Yulius Elma , Nuryati Sri , Paryati Ninik
Published: November 2019

Bambu mempunyai sifat mekanik yang baik karena hampir menyerupai sifat mekanik baja. Oleh karena itu penggunaan bambu dapat digunakan pada konstruksi bangunan sipil lainnya sebagai material alternatif pengganti baja seperti  perkerasan kaku (rigid pavement) jalan raya. Pada perkerasan kaku jalan raya baja digunakan sebagai tulangan yang berfungsi untuk menahan retak susut akibat suhu dan menambah kapasitas beban jalan.Penelitian ini menggunakan bambu untuk tulangan perkerasan kaku jalan raya. Spesimen yang dibuat adalah meshing (jaringan) tulangan bambu dan tulangan baja dengan panjang 5 m dan lebar 3,5 m, diameter 12 mm dan tiap tulangan dipasang pada jarak setiap 100 mm. Meshing tersebut masing-masing dipasang pada tiap segmen jalan yang berukuran panjang x lebar x tinggi yaitu 3,5 m x 5 m x 0,3 m pada kedalaman 20 cm dari permukaan jalan dan mutu beton K–300. Uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan beban kendaraan yang divariasikan  mulai dari 1000 Kg sampai dengan mendekati 14000 Kg dan diamati respon dari perkerasan kaku seperti defleksi, regangan dan tegangan.Defleksi terbesar pada perkerasan rigid pavement  tulangan bambu adalah 0,6 mm pada beban 9323 Kg. Tegangan maksimum yang dihasilkan pada tulangan baja memanjang dan melintang adalah 1062,6 Kg/cm2 dan 686,7 Kg/cm2 dengan nilai E baja 2100000 Kg/cm2, sedangkan pada bambu tegangan terbesar yang dihasilkan adalah 118,62 Kg/ cm2 dan 86,87 Kg/ cm2 dengan nilai E bambu 313810 Kg/cm2 pada kondisi ini tegangan yang terjadi masih dalam batas elastis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bambu layak  dipakai sebagai tulangan pada rigid pavement jalan raya.
APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY AS A SOCIAL ENGINEERING EFFORT ON THE IRON SAND MINING COMMUNITY AT THE SOUTH COAST OF WEST JAVA
Authors: Yunita Desi
Published: November 2019

This research aim to determine the extent of mining activities have an impact on the change to society. A series of research conducted show that mining activities undertaken by the community has prompted a change in the structure, culture, and economy. The three elements that change is a direct impact of the iron sand mining. Wherein the iron sand mining activities cause the change in interaction pattern, community perspective, and also rise the new social groups. Cultural change can be observed from the changes of the community livelihood system that also affect to the community relation pattern. Whereas economic changes are indicated by the sift of livelihood, but it doesn’t significantly change the economic condition. The application of technology has successfully encourage a change of perspective, attitude, mindset, increase incomes in the economy, and encourage environmentally friedly mining practices.