bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of COVID-19 on tourists' attitudes and travel intentions: an empirical study on camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during COVID-19
Authors: Zorlu Kuttusi , Tuncer Mehmet , Taşkın Grant Altay
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).

Findings

The findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications.

Originality/value

This theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.
Muzakki’s adoption of mobile service: integrating the roles of technology acceptance model (TAM), perceived trust and religiosity
Authors: Muflih Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to predict the adoption of mobile services among muzakki (Islamic taxpayers) through the integrative roles of technology acceptance model (TAM), perceived trust and religiosity.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was distributed to 209 muzakkis as this research’s respondents. The partial least square was used to evaluate the relationship between TAM, perceived trust, religiosity and the adoption of mobile zakat services.

Findings

This study finds that perceived easiness and religiosity play a positive and significant role in increasing the adoption of mobile zakat services. Meanwhile, perceived usefulness and perceived trust do not have any influential role in generating muzakki adoption behavior.

Practical implications

This study underlines the importance of digital zakat institutions making easy-to-understand and easy-to-access online platforms for the broader community. In addition, they need to collaborate with formal and non-formal religious education institutions to increase zakat awareness and its benefits for marginalized groups.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to integrate the TAM theory, perceived trust and religiosity in estimating muzakki adoption of mobile services.
Portfolio optimisation of Shariah-compliant samples in the USA
Authors: Sukor Mohd Edil Abd , Abdul Halim Asyraf
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic portfolio optimisation performance of numerous samples of Shariah-compliant firms in the USA vis-à-vis the overall conventional sample.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs efficient frontiers and subsequently the capital market line using the ovport set of commands in STATA. From the capital market line, the tangent portfolio is found, and the Sharpe ratio of the tangent portfolio is the primary measurement of the dynamic portfolio optimisation performance of the samples of Shariah-compliant samples in this study.

Findings

This paper finds that the overall conventional sample will outperform the Shariah-compliant samples in most cases. However, there exists a consistent trend whereby the performance of the overall conventional sample will converge towards the performance of the Shariah-compliant samples (and even be lower at times), as the market approaches a looming crisis suggesting that the Shariah-compliant samples do not experience significant deteriorations in their performance as compared to the conventional sample and that they provide stability during such times.

Research limitations/implications

This paper assumes no transaction costs, illiquidity, bid-ask spread and non-compliant revenue purification all of which may negatively affect portfolio performance.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper suggest that Shariah-compliant samples should be included in portfolios during times of crisis because they are less affected by market-wide volatility.

Social implications

The stability of Shariah-compliant samples reflects the conservativity of the contemporary Shariah stock screening methodologies and the Shariah itself.

Originality/value

Portfolio optimisation studies on Shariah-compliant samples are usually static in nature and are conducted in selected Muslim countries. This paper studies the dynamic portfolio optimisation in the USA where a liquid Islamic capital market is non-existent.
Public auditing practice in Iran: objectives and scopes
Authors: Jalali Farzaneh , Abdollahzade Salam
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to review the auditing procedures and structure in an emerging economy's public sector by explaining the recent changes and developments in the auditing process, its structure and the responsibilities of its underlying actors.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper traces the development of Iran's public sector financial monitoring by examining the country's legal and governmental documents as well as the auditing standards and procedures.

Findings

The Supreme Audit Court of Iran (SACI) is the main actor in public auditing and uses various tools and involves several organizations to cover diverse scopes of public auditing; this paper also discusses the structure and the financial (in)dependence of the SACI.

Originality/value

This is the first piece of work that explains the public auditing procedures and structure in Iran's public sector by focusing on recent changes and developments in its objectives and scopes.
Emotional intelligence congruence: the influence of leader and follower emotional abilities on job satisfaction
Authors: Winton Bradley G.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Limited research has been devoted to the entanglement of emotions between leaders and followers (i.e. emotional congruence) and how these emotions may be altering job satisfaction. Current research hints that a leader's emotional intelligence (EI) directly influences follower's satisfaction at work. Using the affective events theory (AET), emotional contagion theory (ECT) and the multi-level model of emotion and leadership, this research attempts to directly examine perceptions of the leader–follower relationship and the relationship's enhancement of follower job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper employs a survey among 427 USA-based workers to test a moderated model of the relationship between follower and leader EI and job satisfaction. The hypothesized relationships and moderation effects are examined using the SPSS macro PROCESS (Hayes, 2018). Common method variance (CMV) was analyzed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is presented.

Findings

Direct effects support the hypotheses that follower and leader EI contribute to the job satisfaction of followers. Moderation effects support the enhancing effect of EI congruence, such that the relationship between follower and leader EI and follower job satisfaction is stronger at higher levels of congruence.

Originality/value

These findings are significant in that the findings are among the first to examine leader and follower EI similarity and the similarity's effect on an employee's satisfaction at work. The findings highlight new opportunities for leadership and emotion researchers to better understand the leader–follower relationship.
Evaluation of the government entrepreneurship support by a new dynamic neutrosophic operator based on time degrees
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Hu Zixin , Bao Zongke
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Entrepreneurship as a development engine has a distinct character in the economic growth of countries. Therefore, governments must support entrepreneurship in order to succeed in the future. The best way to improve the performance of this entrepreneurial advocacy is through efficient measurement methods. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new integrated dynamic multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model based on neutrosophic set (NS) for assessment of the government entrepreneurship support.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the nature of entrepreneurship issues, which are multifaceted and full of uncertain, indeterminate and ambiguous dimensions, this measurement requires multi-criteria decision-making methods in spaces of uncertainty and indeterminacy. Also, due to the change in the size of indicators in different periods, researchers need a special type of decision model that can handle the dynamics of indicators. So, in this paper, the authors proposed a dynamic neutrosophic weighted geometric operator to aggregate dynamic neutrosophic information. Furthermore, in view of the deficiencies of current dynamic neutrosophic MADM methods a compromised model based on time degrees was proposed. The principle of time degrees was introduced, and the subjective and objective weighting methods were synthesized based on the proposed aggregated operator and a nonlinear programming problem based on the entropy concept was applied to determine the attribute weights under different time sequence.

Findings

The information of ten countries with the indicators such as connections (C), the country's level of education and experience (EE), cultural aspects (CA), government policies (GP) and funding (F) over four years was gathered and the proposed dynamic MADM model to assess the level of entrepreneurial support for these countries. The findings show that the flexibility of the model based on decision-making thought and we can see that the weights of the criteria have a considerable impact on the final evaluations.

Originality/value

In many decision areas the original decision information is usually collected at different periods. Thus, it is necessary to develop some approaches to deal with these issues. In the government entrepreneurship support problem, the researchers need tools to handle the dynamics of indicators in neutrosophic environments. Given that this issue is very important, nonetheless as far as is known, few studies have been done in this area. Furthermore, in view of the deficiencies of current dynamic neutrosophic MADM making methods a compromised model based on time degrees was proposed. Moreover, the presented neutrosophic aggregation operator is very suitable for aggregating the neutrosophic information collected at different periods. The developed approach can solve the several problems where all pieces of decision information take the form of neutrosophic information collected at different periods.
Effective adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution using polystyrene grafted with zeolite
Authors: Elhefnawy O.A. , Elabd A.A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to prepare Polystyrene grafted with Zeolite Y (Zeosty) for Uranyl ion [U(VI)] adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption mechanism has been explained by studying kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic models.

Design/methodology/approach

Polystyrene was grafted with Zeosty by a simple hydrothermal technique. Zeosty was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and Infrared spectroscopy to confirm its structure and its molecular composition. Zeosty was used for U(VI) adsorption from an aqueous solution in a series of batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated.

Findings

The results showed that the adsorption of U(VI) on the prepared reached equilibrium at pH 6 with a removal efficiency of 98.9%. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms models are studied on the experimental data to estimate the mechanism of the adsorption reaction was chemisorption and homogenous reaction. The activity of Zeosty increased at high temperatures, resulting in the adsorption capacity increase. Thermodynamic parameters ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo indicate that the adsorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic. Zeosty has an effective surface and could be considered a valuable adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous waste. A comparison study proves that the new adsorbent has high effective behavior in the adsorption process, and it is considered a new reliable adsorbent for U(VI) removal from wastewater.

Originality/value

This study is complementary to the previous study using the same technique to prove that the effective fine particle adsorbents need solid support to enhance their absorption capacities.
The Relational Dimension of Feedback Interactions: A Study of Early Feedback Meetings Between Entrepreneurs and Potential Mentors
Authors: van Werven Ruben , Cornelissen Joep , Bouwmeester Onno
Published: June 2022

Entrepreneurs’ responses to feedback are in part determined by how the interactions during which they receive it unfold. Prior studies primarily discuss feedback interactions between entrepreneurs and their mentors or trusted advisors. As a result of this focus on longstanding relationships, there is limited knowledge of ‘early’ meetings – conversations between feedback providers and entrepreneurs who do not know each other well – and the ways in which these shape the relationship between the interactants, as well as the way feedback is received. Our analysis of 54 early feedback interactions suggests that changes in epistemic stance and alignment influence whether there is affiliation, that is, affective cooperation, between entrepreneurs and feedback providers. We theorize that affiliation is necessary for early feedback interactions to develop into longstanding feedback relationships.
Use of papaverine in harvesting internal mammary graft in coronary artery bypass grafting: An update
Authors: Jannati Mansour
Published: June 2022

The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft is the main arterial graft that is used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The spasm of LIMA is a complication that frequently occurs while harvesting the LIMA and may lead to morbidity and mortality in patients after CABG. Clinically, papaverine is the most frequently used vasodilator. In this review, we evaluated the administration of papaverine in IMA grafts during CABG. It was shown that administration of papaverine into the LIMA improves the blood flow and abolishes vasospasm of the LIMA. Moreover, the intraluminal and perivascular administrations of papaverine are more effective than topical administration. Higher concentrations of papaverine should be used with caution because it may lead to endothelial damage.
YouTube as a source of information on systemic sclerosis
Authors: Unal‐Ulutatar Cagri , Ulutatar Firat
Published: June 2022

Aim

YouTube is a popular online platform which patients and healthcare professionals often use to obtain information. However, the reliability and quality of videos on systemic sclerosis are not known.

Method

We searched for the key words “systemic sclerosis” and “scleroderma” on YouTube. Features of videos such as the number of views and duration of videos were noted. The reliability and quality of videos were assessed with the modified DISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS), respectively. The videos were divided into three categories: useful, misleading and patient experiences. The videos were assessed according to these categories and their quality.

Results

A total of 200 videos listed by relevance were screened and 115 videos which met the inclusion criteria were analyzed further. Eighty‐four (73%) of the 115 videos were useful, 20 (17.4%) were misleading, and 11 (9.6%) were patients' experiences. Useful videos had higher DISCERN and GQS scores compared to misleading videos and videos that contain patient experiences (P < 0.001). High‐quality videos were mostly uploaded by academic institutions/professional organizations or physicians.

Conclusions

The majority of YouTube videos have useful information on scleroderma and are important educational sources for both patients and physicians. However, patients in particular should be aware that videos might include advertisements and misleading information.
Trends in hospital presentations following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure before and after implementation of the 2016 UK Psychoactive Substances Act
Authors: Craft Sam , Dunn Michael , Vidler Dan , Officer Jane , Blagbrough Ian S. , Pudney Christopher R. , Henderson Graeme , Abouzeid Ahmed , Dargan Paul I. , Eddleston Michael , Cooper Jamie , Hill Simon L. , Roper Clair , Freeman Tom P. , Thomas Simon H. L.
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

The United Kingdom (UK) Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA), implemented on the 26th May 2016, made the production, supply and sale of all non‐exempted psychoactive substances illegal. The aim of this study was to measure trends in hospital presentations for severe toxicity following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) exposure before and after implementation of the PSA.

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Thirty‐four hospitals across the UK participating in the Identification of Novel Psychoactive Substances (IONA) study.

Participants

A total of 627 (79.9% male) consenting individuals who presented to participating hospitals between July 2015 and December 2019 with severe acute toxicity and suspected novel psychoactive substances exposure.

Measurements

Toxicological analyses of patient samples were conducted using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass‐spectrometry. Time‐series analysis was conducted on the monthly number of patients with and without analytically confirmed SCRA exposure using Poisson segmented regression.

Findings

SCRAs were detected in 35.7% (n = 224) of patients. After adjusting for seasonality and the number of active sites, models showed no clear evidence of an upward or downward trend in the number of SCRA exposure cases in the period before (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.99–1.26; P = 0.068) or after (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–1.01; P = 0.202) the implementation of the PSA. There was also no clear evidence of an upward or downward trend in non‐SCRA exposure cases before (IRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.98–1.27; P = 0.105) or after (IRR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98–1.04; P = 0.478) implementation of the PSA.

Conclusions

There is no clear evidence of an upward or downward trend in the number of patients presenting to UK hospitals with severe acute toxicity following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure since the implementation of the Psychoactive Substances Act.
High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before imprisonment
Authors: Curtis Michael , Winter Rebecca J. , Dietze Paul , Wilkinson Anna L. , Cossar Reece D. , Stewart Ashleigh C. , Agius Paul A. , Butler Tony , Aitken Campbell , Kirwan Amy , Walker Shelley , Stoové Mark
Published: June 2022

Aims

To estimate incidence of post‐release injecting drug use (IDU) among men who injected drugs before imprisonment and determine factors associated with post‐release IDU frequency.

Design, setting, participants

Prospective cohort study of men reporting monthly IDU before a period of sentenced imprisonment in Victoria, Australia, recruited between September 2014 and May 2016 (n = 195).

Measurements

Any post‐release IDU and IDU frequency was measured via self‐report at 3‐month follow‐up interview. IDU frequency, measured over the preceding month, was categorised as no IDU, irregular IDU (1–4 days IDU) and regular IDU (≥5 days IDU). Incidence of any IDU was calculated at 3 months post‐release. Factors associated with IDU frequency were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.

Findings

Most (83%) participants reported post‐release IDU (265 per 100 person‐years, 95% CI, 227–309); with half (48%) reporting regular IDU, 23% irregular IDU and 29% no IDU in the month preceding follow‐up. Poorer psychological well‐being at follow‐up (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ‐12] score; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.29) and post‐release unemployment (AOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.67–12.49) were associated with increased IDU frequency. Retention in opioid agonist treatment (AOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24–0.98) was associated with reduced IDU frequency. Non‐linear (inverted‐u) associations between IDU frequency and age (age: AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17–1.96; age‐squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–0.99) and pre‐imprisonment IDU frequency (pre‐imprisonment IDU frequency: AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15–1.61; pre‐imprisonment IDU frequency‐squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–0.99) were found, with odds peaking at age 39 and 19 days IDU, respectively. Longer baseline sentence length was associated with reduced odds of irregular and regular IDU (AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99–0.99).

Conclusion

Among Australian men who inject drugs before imprisonment, resumption of injecting drug use after release from prison appears to be common, with imprisonment seeming to have little impact on reducing injecting drug use behaviour.
Experimental burns in an open savanna: Greater fuel loads result in hotter fires
Authors: Zupo Talita , Gorgone‐Barbosa Elizabeth , Ninno Rissi Mariana , Daibes Luis Felipe
Published: June 2022

Fire is a main disturbance structuring vegetation worldwide, but few studies have addressed differences in time since last fire and its relationship to fuel load characteristics and fire behavior in Neotropical savannas. We aimed to investigate fire behavior in a Cerrado open savanna of Central Brazil by conducting prescribed fires in areas with different fire‐free intervals: one year (FI‐1), two years (FI‐2), and four years (FI‐4). Specifically, we evaluated (1) the amount of live, dead, and total biomass (components of the fuel load); (2) fire behavior, including fire temperatures in three different heights (1 cm belowground, on the soil surface, and 50 cm aboveground), fire duration, residence time, fire intensity, rate of spread, and flame height; and (3) the relationship between soil heating, fuels, and fire by identifying the most important parameters driving soil heating. Total and dead fuel loads were greater in areas with longer fire‐free intervals in comparison with areas burned the previous year, with the greatest increment to the fuel bed occurring in the first two years after fire. Greater fuel loads (consequently greater dead fuel loads) resulted in differences in belowground soil heating (‐1 cm), where temperatures varied from 39 to 82°C in FI‐2 plots and from 40 to 131°C in FI‐4 plots; in FI‐1 plots temperatures belowground varied from 29 to 68°C. Temperatures on the soil surface and 50 cm aboveground were also greater in plots with longer fire‐free intervals, reaching over 400°C on the soil surface and exceeding 500°C 50 cm aboveground. Finally, amount of dead fuel was the best predictor of belowground soil heating, highlighting the importance of fuel loads, which is a key factor to be monitored in fire management plans of Cerrado open savannas.
Cost analysis of index versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in a New Zealand Provincial Centre
Authors: Srikumar Gajan , McGuinness Matthew James , Kau Niki , Wells Cameron , Harmston Christopher
Published: June 2022

Background

Evidence suggests index cholecystectomy (IC) in patients with acute cholecystitis is safe, has decreased hospital stay and is cheaper than delayed cholecystectomy (DC). Costs of cholecystectomy have not previously been investigated in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to compare cost of IC with DC for patients with acute cholecystitis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of adults admitted to Northland hospitals with acute cholecystitis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 who underwent subsequent cholecystectomy, was performed. Actual patient‐level costs were utilized for cost comparison between IC and DC. Factors associated with increased costs were assessed using multivariate analysis.

Results

Two hundred and eleven patients were included in the study; 72 (34%) underwent IC and 139 (65%) DC. There was no significant difference in total cost for IC ($12 767) versus DC ($12 029) (p = 0.192); this persisted on multivariate analysis. Patients having IC had more severe cholecystitis, and 90‐day representation rate following DC was 35%. Costs were increased by severity of cholecystitis, age, American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) and travel distance.

Conclusion

This study showed there is no significant difference in cost between IC and DC for patients with acute cholecystitis in Northland, New Zealand. Severity, increasing age, ASA and travel distance were drivers of costs. To recognize the cost benefits of IC, it is likely that increased rates of IC are needed.
Recurrence patterns predict survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Wong Geoffrey Yuet Mun , Mol Barend , Bhimani Nazim , de Reuver Philip , Diakos Connie , Molloy Mark P. , Hugh Thomas J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Effective treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is challenging because recurrence occurs in many patients after curative‐intent resection. This study evaluates the recurrence patterns after resection of CRLM and its association with survival.

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients with CRLM managed with curative‐intent resection from January 2007 to December 2017 was performed. The main outcomes and measures were the timing of recurrence, initial sites of recurrence, overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Early recurrence was defined as the detection of any organ recurrence ≤6 months from resection of CRLM.

Results

A cohort of 194 patients was included for analysis. After a median follow‐up of 85.3 months, 145 patients (74.7%) were diagnosed with recurrence. The median overall survival was 67.6 months (95% CI 50.4–80.2) and the 5‐year overall survival was 54.1%. After initial recurrence was detected, the median survival was 28.9 months (95% CI 23.6–37.8) months and the 5‐year overall survival was 28.8%. Early recurrence occurred in 58 patients (29.9%). Initial recurrence patterns included: liver only in 53 patients (36.5%), multiple sites in 48 patients (33.1%), lung only in 30 patients (20.7%), and other single extrahepatic sites in 14 patients (9.6%). Early recurrence and initial multi‐site recurrence were independent predictors of worse overall survival for patients who develop recurrence after resection of CLRM.

Conclusion

The timing and initial sites of recurrence are prognostic factors in determining survival after curative‐intent resection of CRLM.
Receiving feedback after posting status updates on social networking sites predicts lower loneliness: A mediated moderation model
Authors: Sun Peng , Xing Lu , Wu Junhui , Kou Yu
Published: June 2022

People are increasingly relying on social networking sites (SNSs) to satisfy their needs for relatedness. However, the psychological benefits of receiving others' feedback on SNSs remain relatively understudied. To fill this research gap, the present research examined whether and how others' feedback to one's status updates on WeChat Moments (i.e. the most popular SNS in China) affects loneliness. A correlational study (N = 261) and an experimental study (N = 412) conducted among Chinese university students indicated that receiving more (vs. less) feedback in the forms of “likes” and “comments” predicted lower loneliness, and this effect was explained by a higher sense of social connectedness. However, receiving feedback only elicited higher social connectedness and thus lower loneliness among participants with high public self‐consciousness, but this effect was not significant among those with low public self‐consciousness. These findings extend the research on SNS use and loneliness by providing new insights into the underlying psychological mechanisms and have important practical implications for SNS developers and users in terms of how to design and use SNSs to better satisfy different users' psychological needs.
Real‐Time FE Simulation for Large‐Scale Problems Using Precondition‐Based Contact Resolution and Isolated DOFs Constraints
Authors: Zeng Z. , Cotin S. , Courtecuisse H.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a fast method to compute large‐scale problems in real‐time finite element simulations in the presence of contact and friction. The approach uses a precondition‐based contact resolution that performs a Cholesky decomposition at low frequency. On exploiting the sparsity in assembled matrices, we propose a reduced and parallel computation scheme to address the expensive computation of the Schur‐complement arisen by detailed mesh and accurate contact response. An efficient GPU‐based solver is developed to parallelise the computation, making it possible to provide real‐time simulations in the presence of coupled constraints for contact and friction response. In addition, the pre‐conditioner is updated at low frequency, implying reuse of the factorised system. To benefit a further speedup, we propose a strategy to share the resolution information between consecutive time steps. We evaluate the performance of our method in different contact applications and compare it with typical approaches on CPU and GPU.
Perspectives of socioeconomically disadvantaged parents on their children's coping during COVID‐19: Implications for practice
Authors: Seivwright Ami N. , Callis Zoe , Flatau Paul R.
Published: June 2022

Disruptions caused by COVID‐19 have the potential to create long‐term negative impacts on children's well‐being and development, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged children. However, we know little about how socioeconomically disadvantaged families are coping with the pandemic, nor the types of support needed. This study presents qualitative analysis of responses to an open‐ended question asking parents how children are coping with the restrictions associated with COVID‐19, to identify areas in which these cohorts can be supported. Four main themes were identified: health concerns, schooling difficulties, social isolation and adjustment to restrictions. Health concerns included exacerbation of pre‐existing health conditions, fear about the virus, difficulty getting children to understand the pandemic and increased sedentary behaviour. Schooling difficulties referred to the challenges of home schooling, which were behavioural (e.g. difficulty concentrating) and logistical (e.g. technology). Social isolation, expressed as missing friends, family and/or institutions was common. Finally, parents expressed that children experienced both positive adjustments to restrictions, such as spending more time with family, and negative adjustments such as increased screen time. Many responses from parents touched on topics across multiple themes, indicating a need for comprehensive, holistic assessment of children's and families' needs in the provision of support services. The content of the themes supports calls for resources to support children and families including increased financial and practical accessibility of social services, physical health and exercise support, mental health support and COVID‐19 communication guides.
Accounting for spatial heterogeneity in the added conservation value of land protection when prioritizing protected areas
Authors: Yoon Hyun Seok , Vijay Varsha , Armsworth Paul R.
Published: June 2022

To combat biodiversity loss, there is increasing interest in safeguarding habitat by expanding protected areas. Given limited resources in conservation, organizations must invest in places that will add the greatest amount of value in species protection. To determine the added conservation value of protection, one needs to consider the level of human disturbance in areas that would result if they were left unprotected. In recent years, data resources have become available that reveal the spatial heterogeneity in human disturbance over large spatial extents worldwide. We investigated how accounting for heterogeneity in future disturbance in unprotected areas affects prioritization of protected areas by determining the added value offered by protection of different areas. We applied a complementarity‐based framework for protected area prioritization to select protected areas in the coterminous United States under different assumptions about the heterogeneity of future disturbance in unprotected areas. Prioritizing protected areas while incorrectly assuming spatially homogeneous disturbance in unprotected areas, a common assumption, led to a loss of 76% of possible conservation gain for a given budget. The conservation return on investment from protecting candidate areas was positively correlated (0.44) to future human disturbance in that area if it was left unprotected. Our results show that the ability to identify cost‐effective protected area networks depends on how one accounts for the ecological contribution of private lands that remain unprotected.
Coexistence conservation: Reconciling threatened species and invasive predators through adaptive ecological and evolutionary approaches
Authors: Evans Maldwyn J. , Weeks Andrew R. , Scheele Ben C. , Gordon Iain J. , Neaves Linda E. , Andrewartha Tim A. , Brockett Brittany , Rapley Shoshana , Smith Kiarrah J. , Wilson Belinda A. , Manning Adrian D.
Published: June 2022

Invasive predators are responsible for declines in many animal species across the globe. To redress these declines, conservationists have undertaken substantial work to remove invasive predators or mitigate their effects. Yet, the challenges associated with removal of invasive predators mean that most successful conservation programs have been restricted to small islands, enclosures (“safe havens”), or refuge habitats where threatened species can persist. While these approaches have been, and will continue to be, crucial for the survival of many species, in some contexts they may eventually lock in a baseline where native species vulnerable to invasive predators are accepted as permanently absent from the wild (shifting baseline syndrome). We propose an explicit theme in conservation biology termed “coexistence conservation,” that is distinguished by its pursuit of innovative solutions that drive or enable adaptive evolution of threatened species and invasive predators to occur over the long term. We argue evolution has a large role to play but using it to adapt native species to a new environmental order requires a shift in mindset from small, isolated, and short‐term leaps to deliberate, staged steps within a long‐term strategy. A key principle of coexistence conservation is that predation is treated as the threat, rather than the predator, driving a focus on the outcome rather than the agent. Without a long‐term strategy, we face the permanent loss of many species in the wild. Coexistence conservation is a complementary approach to current practice and will play an important role in shifting our current trajectory from continued and rapid invasive predator‐driven defaunation to a world where invasive predators and native prey can coexist.
Relational ethics, informed consent, and informed assent in participatory research with children with complex communication needs
Authors: Van Goidsenhoven Leni , De Schauwer Elisabeth
Published: June 2022

There is a need for qualitative participatory research involving children with intellectual disability and complex communication needs (CCNs), but procedural ethics cannot always adequately respond to the associated realities. To tackle this challenge, procedural ethics can be expanded with relational ethics to engage with consent and assent practices in participatory research projects. By drawing on several key incidents of participatory research with children with CCNs, we explore the complex moral spaces and times of ambivalent and iterative (dis)engagements within research processes. We reconceptualize the consent/assent terrain as a relationally constituted process, more aligned with the overall epistemological frameworks of participatory research and ensuring (disabled) children's ongoing and meaningful involvement in research.

What this paper adds

Reconfiguring informed consent and assent is an ongoing and unfinished process.

Both relational and procedural ethics are needed.

Informed consent and assent represent an ongoing process, not a one‐time event.

Respect for research participants demands that they be included in the analysis of the data and writing of the results.
Biofeedback assisted relaxation training and distraction therapy for pain in children undergoing botulinum neurotoxin A injections: A crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ostojic Katarina , Paget Simon P. , Webb Annabel , Khut George P. , Morrow Angela M.
Published: June 2022

Aim

To compare biofeedback assisted relaxation training (BART) with distraction therapy for pain during botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) treatment.

Method

This was a crossover randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants were 7 years and older with neurological conditions. Participants were randomized to receive BART or distraction during their first BoNT‐A treatment, followed by the alternative intervention in their subsequent BoNT‐A treatment. BART was delivered via BrightHearts, an interactive heart‐rate‐responsive application. Outcomes were pain (Faces Pain Scale – Revised), fear (Children's Fear Scale), and anxiety (numerical rating scale, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory). Demographics, paired t‐tests, and linear mixed models were used to compare outcomes.

Results

Thirty‐eight participants (mean [SD] age 13 years 5 months [3 years 4 months], 20 males, 34 with cerebral palsy) completed both interventions. There were non‐significant differences in overall pain (mean difference − 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.91 to 0.80, p = 0.902) and worst pain (mean difference 0.37, 95% CI −0.39 to 1.13, p = 0.334) when using BART and distraction therapy. There were non‐significant differences in fear and anxiety between interventions. Younger age, heightened pre‐procedural state anxiety, and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III and IV were associated with poorer outcomes (p < 0.05). Participants who received BART before distraction therapy reported lower pain and anxiety scores during both BoNT‐A treatments (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Children reported similar pain when using BART and distraction therapy. Those who used BART before distraction therapy reported lower pain and anxiety during both treatments.

What this paper adds

Children reported similar pain (overall; worst) when using biofeedback assisted relaxation training (BART) and distraction therapy.

Children who used BART before distraction therapy reported lower pain and anxiety over both botulinum neurotoxin A treatments.

Younger age, pre‐procedural state anxiety, and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III and IV predicted a worse pain experience.

Distraction therapy and BART were acceptable non‐pharmacological interventions for procedural pain management.
The environmental drivers of tree cover and forest–savanna mosaics in Southeast Asia
Authors: Pletcher Elise , Staver Carla , Schwartz Naomi B.
Published: June 2022

Forest–savanna mosaics exist across all major tropical regions. Yet, the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of these mosaics is not well explored, limiting our understanding of the environmental constraints on savannas especially in Southeast Asia, where most savannas exist in mosaics. Despite clear structural and functional characteristics indicative of savannas, most SE Asian savannas continue to be classified as forest. This designation is problematic because SE Asian savannas are threatened by both fragmentation and forest‐centric management practices. By studying forest–savanna mosaics across SE Asia, we aimed to parse out how landscape mosaics of forest and savanna may be constrained by fire, climate and soil characteristics. We used remotely sensed data to characterize the distribution of tree cover and forest–savanna mosaics. Using regression models, we quantified the relative effects of precipitation, fire frequency, seasonality and soil characteristics on average tree cover and landscape patchiness. We found that low tree cover, indicative of savannas, occurs in drier, seasonal subregions that experience frequent fire. Further, our results demonstrate that fire and precipitation strongly shape landscape patchiness. Landscapes were patchiest in subregions with low precipitation and intermediate fire frequency. These results demonstrate that the environmental factors important in delineating the distribution of savannas globally shape the distribution of tree cover and landscape patchiness across SE Asia. Fire especially drives patterns of tree cover across scales. In a region where fire suppression is a common management strategy, our results suggest that further research studying vegetation response to fire and fire suppression is needed to improve management and conservation of these mosaic landscapes. More broadly, this work demonstrates a useful approach for studying the environmental drivers that influence the distribution of forest–savanna mosaics.
O‐Health‐Edu: A vision for oral health professional education in Europe
Authors: Field James , Dixon Jonathan , Davies Julia , Quinn Barry , Murphy Denis , Vital Sibylle , Paganelli Corrado , Akota Ilze , Gerber Gabor , Roger‐Leroi Valerie , Manzanares‐Cespedes Maria Cristina , Tubert‐Jeannin Stephanie
Published: June 2022

This consensus paper reports on the process of developing a renewed vision for Oral Health Professional (OHP) education across Europe, and forms part of a larger EU‐funded collaborative Erasmus+ project, “O‐Health‐Edu.” The vision aligns with the World Health Organisation milestones (2016) and resolutions (2021), and EU4Health programme (2020) objectives ‐ and projects 20 years into the future, to 2040. This longitudinal vision takes a multi‐stakeholder perspective to deliver OHP education that acts in the best interests of both students and patients, and sits within the context of a wider strategy for general health. Included, it is an infographic to help communicate the vision to various stakeholders of OHP education.
Managing macropods without poisoning ecosystems
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Pay James M. , Katzner Todd E. , Arnemo Jon M. , Pokras Mark A. , Buenz Eric , Kanstrup Niels , Thomas Vernon G. , Uhart Marcela , Lambertucci Sergio A. , Krone Oliver , Singh Navinder J. , Naidoo Vinny , Ishizuka Mayumi , Saito Keisuke , Helander Björn , Green Rhys E.
Published: June 2022

A recent review of the management of hyperabundant macropods in Australia proposed that expanded professional shooting is likely to lead to better biodiversity and animal welfare outcomes. While the tenets of this general argument are sound, it overlooks one important issue for biodiversity and animal health and welfare: reliance on toxic lead‐based ammunition. Lead poisoning poses a major threat to Australia's wildlife scavengers. Current proposals to expand professional macropod shooting would see tonnes of an extremely toxic and persistent heavy metal continue to be introduced into Australian environments. This contrasts with trends in many other countries, where lead ammunition is, through legislation or voluntary programs, being phased out. Fortunately, there are alternatives to lead ammunition that could be investigated and adopted for improved macropod management. A transition to lead‐free ammunition would allow the broad environmental and animal welfare goals desired from macropod management to be pursued without secondarily and unintentionally poisoning scavengers. Through this article, we hope to increase awareness of this issue and encourage discussion of this potential change.
Laryngeal dysplasia: Computed tomographic findings in an Oldenburg mare
Authors: Bowkett‐Pritchard Constance , Morgan Rhiannon E.
Published: June 2022

A 5‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented for poor performance, head‐tossing and bucking when ridden. An abnormal respiratory noise was audible during exercise. Computed tomography (CT) revealed right laryngeal dysplasia; an absent cricothyroid articulation, abnormally shaped thyroid cartilage, underdeveloped cricopharyngeus muscle, rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch and an oesophageal air column. In this case, it was unlikely that the laryngeal pathology was related to the horse's clinical signs. This case report provides a reference CT examination of laryngeal dysplasia, corroborating previous findings using magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, ultrasonography and post‐mortem examination.
Evaluation of very high cycle fatigue properties for transverse crack initiation in cross‐ply carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic laminates
Authors: Miyakoshi Tsuyoshi , Atsumi Takeru , Kosugi Kensuke , Hosoi Atsushi , Tsuda Terumasa , Kawada Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the transverse crack initiation behaviors of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in the high‐cycle and very high cycle regimes. To accelerate the fatigue test up to the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime, an ultrasonic fatigue testing system that can apply the specimen ultrasonic load at a frequency of 20 kHz was used. The fatigue behavior of cross‐ply CFRP laminates formed with T800S/2592 prepreg was investigated. The fatigue behaviors at N = 103–107 cycles and N = 108–109 cycles were obtained by hydraulic and ultrasonic fatigue tests, respectively. The slope of the S–N diagram for transverse crack initiation showed a linear decrease in the region of N = 103–106 cycles and leveled off over N = 106 cycles. Furthermore, no cracks occurred in any specimen tested under the 90°‐layer stress σ90°max = 44 MPa up to a maximum of N = 6.56 × 109 cycles.
Phototrophic sponge productivity may not be enhanced in a high CO2 world
Authors: Bell James J. , Shaffer Megan , Luter Heidi M. , Mana Ralph , Rodolfo‐Metalpa Riccardo
Published: June 2022

Sponges are major components of benthic communities across the world and have been identified as potential “winners” on coral reefs in the face of global climate change as result of their tolerance to ocean warming and acidification (OA). Previous studies have also hypothesised that photosymbiont‐containing sponges might have higher productivity under future OA conditions as a result of photosymbionts having increased access to CO2 and subsequently greater carbon production. Here we test this hypothesis for a widespread and abundant photosymbiont‐containing sponge species Lamellodysidea herbacea at a CO2 seep in Papua New Guinea simulating OA conditions. We found seep sponges had relatively higher cyanobacterial abundance, chlorophyll concentrations and symbiont photosynthetic efficiency than non‐seep sponges, and a three‐fold higher sponge abundance at the seep site. However, while gross oxygen production was the same for seep and non‐seep sponges, seep sponge dark respiration rates were higher and instantaneous photosynthesis: respiration (P:R) ratios were lower. We show that while photosymbiont containing sponges may not have increased productivity under OA, they are able to show flexibility in their relationships with microbes and offset increased metabolic costs associated with climate change associated stress.