bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Initial Braking Velocity and Passenger Capacity on Mean Fully Developed Deceleration
Authors: Li Wen Liang , Cao Chen , Zhou Wei , Gao Li
Published: March 2013

In order to improve the comprehensive and rationality of examination for driving braking performance with Mean Fully Developed Deceleration (MFDD) in road test, also to provide a basis for driving braking performance evaluation with MFDD when real driving, an approach for determining the MFDD threshold is proposed considering initial braking velocity and passenger capacity. According to the vehicle braking performance road test rules in GB7258, a simulation model is built, and simulation tests are made with different initial braking velocities. Based on simulation data, MFDD is calculated, and the curve of MFDD with initial braking velocity is also given, and then the effects of initial braking velocity on MFDD and its threshold are analyzed; the curves of MFDD thresholds with initial braking velocity are plotted with no-load and full-load respectively. The influence of passenger capacity on MFDD threshold is analyzed, and the curve of MFDD threshold with passenger capacity is given, too. Finally, the formula of MFDD threshold with initial braking velocity, seating capacity and passenger capacity is resulted.
A Simulation Study on the Effect of Micro-Textured Tools during Orthogonal Cutting of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Chen Zhi Meng , Zhang Jian Fu , Feng Ping Fa , Wu Zhi Jun
Published: March 2013

The cutting force, cutting temperature and mechanisms are studied by Finite Element Method during the orthogonal metal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V with micro-textured cutting tools. The relation between the texture’s antifriction effect and the parameter of the textures is analyzed. The Derivative-Cutting phenomenon is found when cutting Ti-6Al-4V using textured tools. The mechanisms about how the micro-textured tools change the frictional behavior in the chip-tool interface are explained using Derivative-Cutting characteristic. The antifriction performance of micro-textured cutting tools in the metal cutting process is discussed. The cutting force and cutting temperature is decreased effectively in the cutting simulation with the micro-textured tools manufactured in reasonable parameters.
Experimental Study on Anti-Friction Property of Groove Textured Surface with Different Direction Angles
Authors: Ma Chen Bo , Sun Jian Jun , Zhu Hua , Li Jian Quan , Zhou Fei
Published: March 2013

To investigate the influence of different direction angles on groove textured surface, tribology experiments for smooth surface and groove textured surface with angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° were carried on under various loads and velocities. The results show that, the friction coefficient decreases first and then increases with the increase of groove direction angle. And the optimal anti-friction effect could be obtained when the groove textured surface with angle of 60°, because of its superior combined effect of resistance force and liquid squeeze force, which are introduced by the groove. The findings could provide a theoretical guide for the design and application of groove textured surface.
Reflow Soldering Process Virtual Test Based on BPNN-GA and ANSYS
Authors: Sun Zhi Li , Guo Yu , Pan Er Shun , Song Wei
Published: March 2013

Experiment plays the prime method in soldering reflow profile forecasting. While its high cost and low efficiency makes the company hard to develop. According to the nonlinear relationship between the multi input and output, reflow profile input parameters setting method based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm(BPNN-GA) is proposed in the paper. Establish the finite element model of the PCB products with ANSYS software, and simulate the reflow profile. Temperature field in the PCBAs heat process is analyzed to help adjust to provide guidance for parameter settings partially. The result shows that the process of parameters set methods with BPNN-GA and simulating analysis with ANSYS is effective in establish the virtual test system. The obtained characteristic value meets product quality requirements well.
A Novel Laser-EMAT System for Noncontact Testing Metal Materials
Authors: Zhao Yang , Jia Zhong Qing , Rui Guo , Ma Jian , Song Jiang Feng , Sun Ji Hua , Liu Shuai
Published: March 2013

Detection and characterization of defects in metal parts in industrial and commercial settings has typically been carried out by nondestructive ultrasonic inspection systems. The aim of present work is to propose a kind of non-contact nondestructive testing system based on the laser and electro-magnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) techniques, which is suitable to inspect the defects in metal material. The maximum lift-off value (LOV) of the system is 10 mm. Wavelet threshold method (WTM) is employed to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the values of SNR increase to 67.42 dB and 64.66 dB for the case of LOV=0 mm and LOV=10 mm, respectively.
Codeposition of Nano-Sized Y2O3 Particles in the Nickel Matrix Composite Coatings Obtained by Pulse Current Electroplating
Authors: Tian Liang Liang
Published: March 2013

Nano-sized Y2O3 particles were codeposited with nickel by pulse current electroplating from a nickel sulfate bath. The effects of Y2O3 concentration in the plating bath on the deposition behaviors and mechanical properties of Ni-Y2O3 composite coatings were studied. The incorporated Y2O3 increases from 2.6 wt.% to 6.0 wt.% with the increasing of Y2O3 concentration in the plating bath from 20 to 80 g/l. The current efficiency decreases from 81.3% to 45.4% with the Y2O3 concentration increasing from 20 to 80 g/l. SEM images demonstrate that smooth and compact surface can be obtained by the addition of Y2O3. The present study also shows that the codeposited Y2O3 particles in deposits decrease the friction coefficient and reduce the wear weight loss. Ni-Y2O3 composite coating reaches its highest microhardness and best wear resistance at Y2O3 content 6.0 wt.%.
Thermal Mechanical Coupled 3D Finite Element Simulation of Large H-Beam in Hot Rolling Process
Authors: Wang Pei Qi , Zhang Qin He , Dong Bao Tian , Ma Ru Po
Published: March 2013

In order to research the forming process of H-beam, based on the large H-beam production line of HN600x200, the Standard and Explicit solver of ABAQUS are synthetically used to establish finite element model for rolling process and inter-pass thermolysis process. The reciprocation multi-pass rolling process simulation procedure based on the re-meshing technology is used to simulate the whole production process form blanks to finish products, and the continuity of data is ensured. Based on the simulation results, the deformation and rolling force of the roller as well as the metal flowing law and temperature field of workpiece are discussed emphatically. The results clearly show that the displacement of roller contains the elastic deformation and the deflection, and the counterforce of left adds to the counterforce of right is about equal to the resultant force. The simulation results are compared with the measuring results, which proves the correctness of simulation.
Research on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Social Insurance Fund Safety
Authors: Guo Ying , Men Li Quan
Published: March 2013

Assessing social insurance fund safety objectively is useful to make effective risk management and control, so as to lower the economic loss. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based analytical hierarchy process(AHP) is adopted to evaluate the social insurance fund safety. And social insurance fund safety evaluation index system is established according to the characteristics of the social insurance fund safety and the development tendency of social insurance .Then AHP method is applied to determine the more reasonable index weight and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to evaluate social insurance fund safety of three cities.Finally, some improvement suggestions are proposed. The results show that the index is reasonable and quantitative and the method can help improve the safety of the social insurance fund as well as provide decision-making for the government.
An Architecture for the CAD/CAE Information Integration System of Hydraulic Press
Authors: Pan Hai Peng , Feng Hao
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, CAD/CAE system has been widely used in manufacturing industries. Since every CAD/CAE system is fixed in the different platforms and has its own individual information model and data structure, the transfer of design information from one system to another often causes incompatible and/or incomplete data. The ability to vertically and horizontally share data becomes an increasing concern for manufactures. This paper presents a framework, which is oriented to concurrent engineering, to support the integration of the information flow between CAD and CAE systems. A prototype system based on this framework is developed. Common methods for information integration and two kinds of distributed structures (Client/Server and Browser/Server) are also discussed in this paper
Trends in Industrial Robotics Development
Authors: Hajduk Mikuláš , Jenčík Peter , Jezný Jaromír , Vargovčík Ladislav
Published: March 2013

The article describes the development and defines the change of approach in the development of today's industrial robotics, provides an overview of the latest trends in the field of industrial robotics. Until now, the industrial robots have been deployed to less demanding work environments to perform "only" handling operations and to synchronize the operations of individual facilities. Now they are undergoing a major innovation process, the bulk of which is focused on increasing their intelligence and multi-functionality.
Indication of Machining Area with the Robot's Camera Using
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz
Published: March 2013

Paper presents the robot equipped with the tool to surface machining. To recognize the machining area USB camera mounted to robots wrist was used. Possibilities of using surface view to self programming the surface finishing were shown. Special PC control system of industrial robot was used.
Multipurpose Mobile Robot
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Musial Janusz , Romanowski Łukasz , Domagalski Adam , Kamieniecki Lukasz , Murawski Michał
Published: March 2013

The paper presents the construction of a multi-purpose mobile robot. The main assumption was to create a robot which would be able to move in all directions, grab items and communicate with the environment. This developed robot controls the system based on Think-pad X41 tablet with a special interface and its own software.
Parametric Programming of CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Nieszporek Tadeusz , Piotrowski Andrzej
Published: March 2013

CNC machine tools are increasingly often used in industry, and the development of the methods of their programming is also proceeding. Modern multipurpose multi-axial machine tools are programmed using special CAD/CAM software programs. Universal special programs for controlling CNC machine tools can, however, be generated in programs written in high-level languages. An example can be the machining of gears on universal CNC machine tools using versatile machining tools.
The Method for Solving Kinematics of an Industrial Robot
Authors: Baločková Lenka
Published: March 2013

This article deals with an overview of kinematic structures of industrial operating robots in cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and angular coordinating system. The second half of the article deals with solution of direct kinematics. Each of the coordinate systems is graphically shown and verbally described. Basic transformation matrices are used for the solution of direct kinematics and subsequently the Denavit-Hartenberg method, placing coordinate systems of robotic structure RRRT, is described in details. Calculated workspaces of kinematic structure RRRT are shown at the end of this article.
Optimal Navigation for Mobile Robot in Known Environment
Authors: Duchoň František , Huňady Dominik , Dekan Martin , Babinec Andrej
Published: March 2013

Optimal navigation is a subset of robot navigation in an environment. It is also known as a path planning. The aim of the optimal navigation is to choose optimal path between the initial state and the desired state of the robot. There are many methods how to choose the optimal path. In this article A* algorithm was chosen, because it is widely applied. The main idea was to propose an algorithm, which is able to select the optimal path in a typical indoor environment. Despite that our real robot uses metric maps and A* algorithm is primarily designated for the topological maps, it was verified in the experiments that this algorithm can be used for off-line path planning.
Modeling and Analysis of the Biorobotics Mechanism
Authors: Kárník Ladislav
Published: March 2013

The paper is intent on innovation learning texts for technical subjects with a view to biorobotics. The innovation is concerned electronization learning texts and supplementation of modulus intent on another biorobotics mechanism, including simulation and analysis biorobotics mechanism.
Design of Solar Towers for Extreme Storm Conditions and for Vortex Excitation
Authors: Lupi Francesca , Niemann Hans Juergen , Borri Claudio , Peil Udo
Published: March 2013

The structure of Solar Updraft Towers is basically a circular cylinder, which may turn into a hyperboloid at lower levels in order apply benefits of shape strengthening. The height of the tower is up to 1.5 km and it is usually designed as a thin reinforced concrete shell. The wind action is the main natural hazard, which plays a decisive role for the feasibility of the technology. An extensive wind tunnel investigation has been recently performed at WiSt laboratory at Ruhr-University Bochum (Germany) and at Criaciv laboratory at University of Florence (Italy). The tests highlighted in no-efflux conditions (out-of-use of the power plant) a new phenomenon egarding cross-wind loads, induced by a bi-stable and asymmetric flow distribution. It is created by compartments between stiffening rings along the tower and enhanced by a strong interaction with free-end flow structures at the top of a finite length circular cylinder. A proper positioning of the rings should allow to avoid this phenomenon.
Urban Solar Updraft Tower Integrated with Hi-Rise Building – Case Study of Wuhan New Energy Institute Headquarter
Authors: Liu Xiao Hu , Chen Qiu Yu , Liu Hui , Yu Hui , Bie Fei Yi
Published: March 2013

The upfront cost and technical difficulties of constructing a Solar Updraft Tower is its current bottleneck. Based on the case study of Wuhan New Energy Institute headquarters, this paper proposes to integrate an urban Solar Updraft Tower with a hi-rise building design. The integrated design can reduce the construction cost greatly: the solar chimney integrated with the elevator shaft can avoid large investment on a detached chimney structure; the heat collector can be integrated with the roof garden to provide shaded public space. This type of small-scale, distributed Solar Updraft Tower is relatively low-cost and easy promoting. Potentially, it can build up a distributed energy system as a supplement for the power grid. Furthermore, it can provide valuable experimental data for future researches on large scale Solar Updraft Towers.
Two-Dimensional Simulation of EM Scattering from a Rotating Circular Dielectric Cylinder
Authors: Ho Ming Tsu
Published: March 2013

The computational results of the scattered electromagnetic (EM) fields from a rotating circular dielectric cylinder were presented in this paper. The method of characteristics (MOC) was applied in a two dimensional modified O-type grid system to the solutions of the time-dependent Maxwell equations. To accurately model the rotating cylinder under the illumination of EM pulse, the passing center swing back grids (PCSBG) technique is employed in cooperation with MOC to overcome the difficulty of grid distortion due to the rotational movement of the cylinder. A number of electric and magnetic field distributions over the whole computational space were demonstrated in a side-by-side fashion for the comparison of the scattered EM fields from rotating circular dielectric cylinder with those from the stationary one. The numerical results exhibit feasible trends.
Intelligent Modeling and Optimization of Carbon Anode Baking Temperature
Authors: Li Xiao Bin , Hu Ting , Sun Hai Yan , Xia Nai Jie , Wang Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

Coal anode baking temperature system is a MIMO control system which is nonlinear and has cross-coupling and time-delay. The thermal model and flue model before are usually created based on hydrodynamics and heat transfer theory which take long to do the calculation or have ill conditions sometimes. The PID control systems based on the two mechanism models do not yield satisfactory results. In order to control the baking temperature accurately, an intelligent control model based on GA-NN with the aim of improving control precision of baking temperature of carbon anode is established by gathering the real data from anode baking furnace used for initial predictive models. A new GA-NN predictive control system is thus realized for the control of anode baking temperature of which the simulation and real control results showed that the system is efficient and effective with better control precision and robust properties than tradition PID control systems.
Efficiency Analysis of Subsystems of Compressed Air Wind Energy System
Authors: Shaw Dein , Liu Chien Ting , Cai Jyun Yu , Sun Yuan Cheng
Published: March 2013

This study works on the efficiency analysis of a compressed air wind energy system which is composed of a windmill, a continuous variable planetary (CVP) transmission, a flywheel, a clutch, a reciprocating compressor, and an air tank. To make the system operate at its best performance, the subsystem characteristic must be fully understood. In this study, we examine three main subsystems of the wind energy system: windmill, CVP transmission and reciprocating compressor thoroughly by experiments. The characteristic of these subsystems are discovered based on the different operating conditions. The performance characteristics of these subsystems offer a reference for the operation design of compressed air wind energy system.
Establishment of a Removable Experiment Platform for VAWT
Authors: Lin Sheam Chyun , Chuang Fu Sheng , Yanto Harki Apri
Published: March 2013

This investigation intends to establish an experimental test platform for a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), which is installed on the rooftop of a building. The experiment platform designed here is flexible and suitable for executing the systematic performance evaluation on different types of VAWT. By utilizing the data acquisition system (DAQ), all environmental information and power data from sensors and generator on the platform are recorded and transferred to the computer automatically. Later, these analogy signals are transformed to digital format for transmitting into computer. Also, with the aids of a visual software programming within the framework of Labview, the real-time monitoring on the input/output parameters of generator and wind condition on the rooftop can be accomplished simultaneously. Afterwards, the data processing and in-depth analysis on the experimental outcomes are carried out via the established computer program. Consequently, the on-site performance of the wind turbine generator system is attained in an automatic and systematic manner. Moreover, to ensure for providing sufficient data and its accuracy, statistic concept is enforced to judge whether the test data are qualified or not in the data-processing procedure. In summary, together with the data-acquisition software programmed under the framework of Labview, this experimental system can provide the capability for monitoring, recording, and filtering these test data in an rigor manner, and is appropriate for executing the R&D and performance evaluation on different VAWTs.
Experiment of a Tesla Engine for Wind Energy Capture
Authors: Shaw Dein , Liu Feng Ting , Yu Jyun Jhe
Published: March 2013

Tesla engine converts the fluid energy into the rotating energy by using the viscosity of moving fluid. Because this machine has high rotating speed but low torque, the application of this engine is still under discussion. However, due to environmental problem, a lot of researches focus on green energy, the air engine becomes an important research issue. The main power source of Tesla engine is compressed air. Because only the mechanical energy transformation occurs inside the engine, there is no by-product produced by the engine. In this study, this device was considered to extract power from wind energy. The viscous stress is relatively small when it is compared to drag force or pressure. Therefore, this study is to discover the possibility of this application through the experiment. The unique inlet was constructed to guide the wind into the engine’s casing. The disk spacing was also changed to discover the optimum disk spacing. The main purpose is to test the engine’s output for its application on the wind energy capture.
Wind Energy Potential in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tsai Hsiang , Tran Van Tan , Yang Nien Che , Hsieh Ting Yen
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to contribute the database to users of wind power in Taiwan. The study analyzes 12 stations in Taiwan. The data were collected during the period 2001-2010. The Weibull distribution method was used to analyze wind characteristics and wind energy potential in the different site and height as well. The results show that the wind speed at the height 100 m and roughness length 0.1 m in Taiwan between 1.7 m/s and 4.3 m/s, and the power density from 5 W/m2 to 75 W/m2. Taipei is the windy place, while Taichung is the less. The direction of the wind most commonly comes from north-east. The wind energy varies depend on season, strong wind in spring and winter, while weak wind in autumn and summer. The results obtained contribute to a global vision of the wind energy potential and the windy areas in Taiwan.
Control and System Integration of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Rotor Coupled a Generator Having Two Windings
Authors: Hsiao Yung Chia
Published: March 2013

Increase in the efficiency of a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) elevates its potential that compares with a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). The efficiency does not only depend on the power coefficient of the wind rotor but also on the efficiency of the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator having two windings keeps high efficiency in both of low rotor speed regime and high rotor speed regime. To maximize the electricity output of the VAWT, this study directly coupled a generator having 1kW winding and 3kW winding with a straight wing vertical-axis wind rotor as a 4kW VAWT. Meanwhile, system integration and control systems of the wind power system were developed to make sure the operation and the safety of the VAWT. The average efficiency of the wind power system is 0.32 through field tests. The results demonstrated that the small VAWT has the same potential in comparison with two small HAWTs via using the electrical generator having two windings.
Particle Detector for Gas Insulated Switchgear and the Effect on Environment
Authors: Agos Muhammad Faisal , Asiah Muhamad Nor B. , Rahim Herlina Abdul
Published: March 2013

High voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is prone to metallic particles. The particle void can reduce the dielectric strength of the insulation material of SF6 gas. This paper discusses the developed particle detector for GIS using a new approach by using image processing to reduce flashover phenomena occurring on energized GIS. The particle detector consists of borescope, laptop and a detection program. The program was coded using MATLAB using image processing algorithm. The in-lab test was conducted on the simulated GIS to see the effectiveness of the particle detector to detect small particles inside the narrow GIS enclosure. In real world application, the borescope will be inserted through GIS access hole before filling the enclosure with SF6 gas. This new approach is proposed to be conducted during the erection and commissioning of new GIS. This new approach looks promising because it can reduce flashover phenomena caused by existence of metallic particle and also reduces Greenhouse gas emission to the air.
Transformer Faults Classification Based on Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) Measurement Test Data on Mineral Oil Samples
Authors: Ramachandiran Vithya , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Talib Mohd Aizam
Published: March 2013

Transformer is the main element of a power system. The insulation of transformer has to be maintained and do regular routine service in order to deliver power effectively. Recently dielectric measurement has been used for assessing the condition of oil/paper insulation. There are several nondestructive dielectric testing method for determining the conductivity and moisture content of insulation materials in a transformer. This research utilizes one of the dielectric methods which are Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) analysis in order to identify insulation condition of mineral oil. This paper presents the classifications of breakdown, overheating and partial discharge faults in mineral-oil insulated transformer by using PDC measurement data analysis. The classification is based on the data pattern and statistical analysis. The samples data was obtained from laboratory and from site testing. An analysis result shows that different type of faults will give different outcome to the PDC pattern and as well as statistical data. Based on the result, these three types of faults can be used to identify the insulation condition by using PDC measurement data analysis. Introduction
A Research for Site Detection Scheme for the High Temperature Superconducting Cable from the Electrical Point of View
Authors: Yoon Dong Hee , Lee Han Sang , Yang Byeong Mo , Jang Gil Soo
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes an algorithm to search the suitable site for the installation of the High temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable. The HTS cable is able to transmit a large amount of electricity without additional power transmission facilities. However, it is not desirable to install the HTS cable anywhere because the HTS cable is the high price facility. The best location for the installation of the HTS cable is the place that congestion of transmission line is occurred in. If the HTS cable is used in congestion area, an additional transmission facility is not necessary for stable operation of power system. The technology level of the HTS cable has been improved consistently so the installation of the HTS is possible to use in the limited part of power system. In this paper, an algorithm is suggested to search the proper place for the HTS cable and verified by case study in the power system.
Engineered Properties of Sustainable Cement-Based Composites Containing Recycled Rock Wool and Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Han Ta Yuan , Wu Yuan Chieh , Cheng An , Huang Ran , Weng Tsai Lung
Published: March 2013

This study investigates the properties of cement-based composites with addition of various recycled rock wools and compare with the properties of composites containing fly ash and ggbs. The use of recycled rock wool is with a cylindrical and fiber-shape particle less than 75 μm. Based on the chemical composition and particle size distribution, the material properties of recycled rock wool are similar to other pozzolanic materials such as fly ash and ggbs and can be use a supplementary cementitious material. The experimental results show that partially replacing cement with recycled rock wool improves the compressive strength and porestructure, but reduce the flow spread at the high level replacement. Therefore, the test results indicate that recycled rock wool is an effective mineral admixture, with 10 % to 30 % as suitable replacement ratio of cement for the difference water/cementitious ratios.
HVDC Switching Using Microprocessor for Polarization and Depolarization Measurement
Authors: Khair Roos Muhammad , Faizal Kasri Nur , Muhamad Nor Asiah
Published: March 2013

Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) testing is a non-destructive dielectric testing method to determine the conductivity and moisture content of the insulator. This paper presents the application of microprocessor in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) switch to switch “ON” and “OFF” the PDC measurement circuit. This paper also reviewed the involvement and also the function of microprocessor to control the switching circuit and also the function of auxiliary circuit in controlling the voltage balancing of each device in the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) circuit. A simple and reliable technique of voltage-balancing circuit for the series operation of devices is presented to overcome the unbalance load and it is well controlled by the microprocessor circuit. The operation principle and analysis are presented and tested on 2 series-connected of 600-V/5-A insulated gate bipolar transistors to handle 1-kV/400-A switching for 10,000 seconds.
Investigation of Plasma Generator Driving by High-Frequency High-Voltage Electric Source
Authors: Chang Yong Nong , Kuo Chih Ming
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a series resonant converter with high-frequency high-voltage transformer for plasma generator is presented. The high-frequency, high-voltage electric source is designed by employing a series load-resonant converter with the plasma generator as part of the electric circuit. The equivalent circuit of this high-frequency transformer modeled by the introduction of the stray capacitance is proposed and the circuit model of the high-voltage plasma generator is conducted as well. Thus, the overall model of the high-voltage plasma generator is built and the designing procedures for appropriate selections of the corresponding resonant-circuit parameters can be established. Finally, a high-voltage plasma generator with 220V, 60Hz, and 1kW input, plus a 22 kHz and over 8kV power converter output, is realized and implemented.
Various MTC Studies of TRACE with RCS Pressure Predictions under ATWS for Maanshan
Authors: Chen Che Hao , Wang Jong Rong , Lin Hao Tzu , Shih Chun Kuan
Published: March 2013

The objective of this study is to utilize TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine) code to analyze the reactor coolant system (RCS) pressure transients under ATWS (Anticipated Transient Without Scram) for Maanshan PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) in various MTC (Moderator Temperature Coefficient) conditions. TRACE is an advanced thermal hydraulic code for nuclear power plant safety analysis, which is currently under development by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC). A graphic user interface program named SNAP (Symbolic Nuclear Analysis Package), which processes inputs and outputs for TRACE is also under development. Maanshan nuclear power plant (NPP) is the only Westinghouse PWR in Taiwan. The rated core thermal power of Maanshan with MUR (Measurement Uncertainty Recapture) is 2822 MWt. In document SECY-83-293, all initializing events were classified as either turbine trip or non-turbine trip events and their ATWS risks were also evaluated according to these two events. Loss of condenser vacuum (LOCV) and Loss of normal feedwater (LONF) ATWS were identified as limiting transients of turbine trip and non-turbine trip events in this study. According to ASME Code Level C service limit criteria, the RCS pressure for Maanshan NPP must be under 22.06 MPa. Furthermore, we select the LOCV transient to analyze various MTC effects on RCS pressure variations.
Applying Innovative Models for Forecasting Small-Area Peak Electrical Loads
Authors: Chen Fung Fei , Chou Seng Cho , Lu Tai Ken
Published: March 2013

The number of Distributed generators is currently increasing, and the electrical industry is trending toward regional supply-and-demand and resource integration. Thus, a model that can forecast small-area peak electrical loads is an indispensable part of power infrastructures. This study constructs innovative model for forecasting small-area peak electrical loads. The main aspects considered were the accuracy of the forecasting model and the convenience of follow-up maintenance and management of the model and data. This study used yearly peak load value and total power data from substations to construct regression tree models. These acted as models for the small-region peak electrical load of substation districts in the Taipower distribution systems. The errors of these forecasting models were substantially smaller than those of the least squares model originally used by Taipower to forecast peak load. The addition of exogenous factors was unnecessary. Additionally, our results were superior regardless of whether once or incremental models were adopted for the data. This confirms the usability of our models.
Fabrication and Characterization of Cu-Plated Fine Pitch Patterns on Flexible Polyimide
Authors: Wu Ying Chih , Huang Yu Jung , Chen Ming Kun , Lin Yi Lung , Jang Ling Sheng
Published: March 2013

The thin flexible Polyimides (PI) films have desirable properties for use in the electrical and electronics industry because their good thermal stability, high flexibility, low dielectric constants, excellent mechanical strength, low loss tangent, low relative permittivity and electrical insulating properties. In order to determine the process window of the surface metallization of PI, the fine traces with 50 micron pitch (25micron line /space) built on a flexible 50 micron thick PI film using wet fabrication process are reported in this paper. The thick copper (Cu) film was obtained from the Cu plating process using evaporated thin film of Cu as the adhesion layer. The fabricated fanout fine patterns are further investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray spectrometry technologies. The experiment is conducted to study the effect of the process parameters on the Cu film surface properties. The results obtained in this work can be applied to the fabrication of flexible microelectronic devices.
A Passive Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Connected Renewable Generation System
Authors: Chang Wen Yeau
Published: March 2013

This study proposes an islanding detection method for use of grid-connected inverter of renewable generation system. The proposed method is based on an index: the change of power factor (COPF). When an inverter is grid-connected, the COPF is lower than the threshold values. In contrast, as an islanding occurs, the COPF becomes much higher than the threshold value. Detection systems monitor the terminal voltage and load current at the grid-connected point to calculate COPF, and issue an operating signal when the value of COPF exceeds a given threshold. In this study, experiments are conducted to illustrate the principles of the proposed technique for a prototype grid-connected inverter. The test results show that the proposed method is reliable, economical, and easy to implement for islanding detection of grid-connected inverter.
Fundamental Elements of Malaysia Green Highway
Authors: Mohd Affendi Ismail , Rozana Zakaria , Sani Balarabbe Abubakar , Foo Kian Seng , Ain Naadia Mazlan , Yazlin Salfiza Yazid , Rosli Mohamad Zin , Mushairry Mustaffar , Hasrul Haidar Ismail , Norhaliza Hamzah , Nurfatimah Marwar , Muhd Zaimi Abd. Majid
Published: March 2013

Sustainable development is often spoken of by the public over the past few years. In the third world countries such as Malaysia, the development of sustainable highways is something new to be explored. Within this context, this paper aims to highlight the basic elements needed towards the development of an assessment framework for green highways in Malaysia. An extensive literature review was undertaken which shows about twenty five elements were identified as having roles in green highways. Questionnaire survey was distributed to highway construction experts in order to gain their response in validating the identified elements. The results show that elements will serve as a basis for the development of an assessment model for Malaysia green highway
An Optimal Design for the Capacitated Hub Location Problem with Asymmetric Allocation
Authors: Sun Ji Ung
Published: March 2013

Hub and Spoke (H&S) network reflecting the scale economies through consolidation and a large amount of freight transportation is widely used to reduce total transportation costs. H&S network has transportation routes that go to the final delivery point pass through hub linking destination from hub linking origin. In this paper we present a 0-1 integer programming model and a solution method for the capacitated asymmetric allocation hub location problem (CAAHLP). We determine the number of hubs, the locations of hubs, and asymmetric allocation of non-hub nodes to hub with the objective of minimum total transportation costs satisfying the required service level. As the CAAHLP has impractically demanding for the large sized problem, we develop a solution method based on ant colony optimization algorithm. We investigate performance of the proposed solution method through the comparative study. The experimental results show that the newly proposed asymmetrically allocated network can provide better solution than the singly allocated network in terms of cost and service level.
An Investigation into the Strength of Concrete-Filled Tubes
Authors: Hsu Wei Ting , Lue Dung Myau , Chang Chen Y.
Published: March 2013

The design strength of concrete-filled tubes (CFT) is being calculated based on two approaches including the AISC and ACI methods. The AISC applies the steel column formulas with the use of coefficients for transforming the concrete into steel to determine the CFT design strength. The design strength of AISC is being evaluated through the use of two approaches including the plastic stress distribution and strain compatibility methods. This study used both the plastic stress distribution and strain compatibility methods to calculate the design strength of CFT, and compare the design strengths using these two methods. This study presents a more accurate numerical approach to evaluate the CFT columns including rectangular and square sections. The illustrated example is presented to demonstrate the step-by-step procedure to obtain the CFT design strength based on the AISC Specification. The provided design procedure for the strength evaluation of CFT columns enables those who need a better estimation on the CFT axial strengths based on the AISC Specification.
Analytical Simulation of Axial Behavior of RCFT Wall
Authors: Moon Ji Ho , Lehman Dawn E. , Ko Hee Jung , Lee Hak Eun
Published: March 2013

Rectangular concrete-filled tubes (RCFTs) have been widely used as columns of building and bridge piers due to several advantages such as their strength-to-size efficiency and facilitation of rapid construction. Recently, some researchers have tried to use RCFT as a wall system in a building. RCFT wall have a high aspect ratio while the aspect ratio of the RCFT column is usually one. Thus, the behavior of the RCFT wall is clearly different from that of RCFT column and it needs to be investigated. In this study, the axial behavior of the RCFT wall was investigated through analytical simulation, and the effects of the aspect ratio, internal stud, and through rebar on axial behavior of the RCFT wall were examined. From the results, it was found that axial load capacity is decreased with increasing aspect ratio due to local buckling of the steel tube, and this local buckling can be efficiently prevented by using internal through rebar.
A Study on the GA-Based Design for Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Park Won Jun
Published: March 2013

Various desired performances of concrete, i.e. strength, slump, durability, etc., cannot be always obtained by current conventional mix proportion design methods for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), because recycled aggregate (RA) generally has lower quality than natural aggregate due to the residual cement paste attached on RA and various impurities. On the other hand, design of concrete mix proportion using RA can be solved as the multi-criteria problem to meet the various required performances. This paper suggests a new method for the mix proportion of RAC to reduce the number of trial mixes using genetic algorithm (GA) which has been an optimization technique to solve the multi-object problem throughout the simulated biological evolutionary process. In mix design method by GA, several fitness functions for the required properties of concrete, i.e., slump, strength, carbonation speed coefficient, price, and emission of CO2 were considered based on conventional data or adapted from various early studies. As a result, various optimum mix proportions for RAC that meet required performances were obtained according to assumed case studies.
Fatigue Strength under Optimal Conditions of Spot Weldment Using GA and FEM
Authors: Song Joon Hyuk , Yang Sung Mo , Yu Hyo Sun , Kang Hee Yong
Published: March 2013

High tensile strength steel (HS40R) and galvanized steel (EZNCEN) are extensively used as components of vehicle bodies because they satisfy environmental standards and improve fuel economy. Because vehicle body sheets are becoming thinner and stronger, it is difficult to satisfy the design standards of spot welding joints. This research presents the optimization of the welding condition for various welding variables of a spot welding specimen by genetic algorithm (GA). When the welding condition optimization of spot weldment is performed using finite element method. The fatigue strength prediction method using FEM is useful for the prior evaluation technique that can predict the fatigue strength of spot weldment.
Reinforced Concrete Finite Element Analysis Incorporating Material Nonlinearity and Failure Criteria Aspects
Authors: Sri Tud Jono , Han Aylie , Hariwijaya Lie Hendri
Published: March 2013

The behavior of concrete is highly nonlinear, even at very low loading levels. Steel, on the other hand, exhibits a relatively linear behavior up till yielding. The synergy between the two materials and their compatibility has long been the subject of research. While the failure criterion for steel is straight forward, concrete can be approached by various theories. The most prominent are the Kupfer-Hilsdorf-Rusch and the Möhr failure envelope. The behavior of material under bi-axial stresses subsequent to cracking can be assumed isotropic or orthotropic, resulting in a differentiation in the material constitutive matrix formulation. This work covers the finite element modeling of reinforced concrete elements, based on the two failure envelopes, while assessing the isotropic and orthotropic methodology. The Finite Element smeared crack approach is used to analyze stresses and the propagation of cracking pattern for the element. The resulting load – displacement curves are validated with identical laboratory tested specimens.
Response of Water Tower on Wind Induced Vibration Considering Interaction of Fluid and Structure
Authors: Kala Jiri , Salajka Vlastislav , Hradil Petr
Published: March 2013

The paper deals with the numerical analysis of forced vibrations of a slender water tower structure. The computation model has been developed using finite elements in the ANSYS program environment. For CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis the CFX module was used. The computation model includes the precisely modeled thin-walled steel structure and two variants of fluid domain. Elements FLUID30 formulated for direct description of the fluid pressure field has been applied and Lagrange description FLUID80. The Raleigh’s model of energy dissipation has been used. Similarity of normal modes of vibration has been applied as the criterion for defining the relations between computed natural frequencies of the empty tank and filled with water. To obtain accurate wind induced forces the CFD model of air surrounding was modeled. From this model the relation between velocity of unaffected stream and vortex separation frequency. Forced vibrations of the tower excited by vortex shedding harmonic pulsations have been computed.
Shear Characteristics of Large Anchorage System
Authors: Shin Sung Woo , Kim Kang Sik , Lee Kwang Soo
Published: March 2013

Large anchorage system with anchor bolt exceeding 50mm of bolt diameter or effective embedment depth deeper than 635mm is usually used in nuclear concrete structure, but shear design criteria for large anchorage system is not clearly addressed by ACI 349-06 Appendix B (ACI 349, 2006). Therefore, to find out the shear characteristics of large anchorage system, 24 prototype specimens were manufactured and tested by ASTM E 488. Test variables are anchor bolt diameter( do= 63.5, 76.2, 88.9mm), effective embedment depth ( hef= 635, 762mm), and edge distance( c1=381, 508, 762mm). Concrete compressive strength was constant.( f'c= 38MPa) and anchor bolt(steel), high strength anchor bolts of ASTM A 540 class B were used. Test results as follows : Shear strengths calculated by ACI 349-06 and CCD method overestimate shear strength of large anchorage system exceeding 50mm of bolt diameter(do ). As the edge distance(c1 ) increased, the shear breakout fracture force increases. Anchor bolt diameter(do ) and effective embedment depth(hef ) have little influence on shear strength of large anchorage system, but edge distance(c1 ) is more related with shear strength of large anchorage system.
Cross Modal Strain Energy Method for Damage Detection Using Limited Modal Data
Authors: Wang Shu Qing , Zhang Min , Liu Fu Shun
Published: March 2013

This paper extends the recently developed cross modal strain energy (CMSE) method for damage localization and severity estimation, using limited modal data, with iterative process. For investigating the performance and verifying the effectiveness of the present CMSE method, the numerical study of this article chooses a damaged beam that was investigated in a published article. The numerical result indicates that the CMSE method is capable of detecting the damage locations and estimating their severities properly, even when only few spatially incomplete, noisy modes are utilized.
Curriculum Innovation for Fostering Green Building Literacy in General Education
Authors: Shiao Ko Yu , Lin Ming Liang , Sung Quo Cheng
Published: March 2013

As the building sector accounts for about 30% of Taiwan’s carbon footprint, improving the Green Building Literacy (GBL) of building owners or users through general education is important to the carbon reduction commitment. This study aimed to use Delphi method and action research to innovate undergraduate curriculum of Green Building Introduction in general education to foster GBL. According to the suggestions by the Delphi panel and guidance of GBL model which was constructed from paper review and countrywide survey data by using structural equation modeling, the GBL curriculum not only conveys the knowledge of fact but more emphasizes on the knowledge for action and basic design skill through the involvement in the specific activities, which are also used to improve students’ attitudes and responsibility to promote their behavioral performance. The evaluation of the curriculum showed that there are significant improvements in the cognitive domain and the attitude-behavior domain of students’ GBL.