bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel, Efficient, and Secure Anomaly Detection Technique Using DWU‐ODBN for IoT‐Enabled Multimedia Communication Systems
Authors: Sathya M. , Jeyaselvi M. , Krishnasamy Lalitha , Hazzazi Mohammad Mazyad , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Nuagah Stephen Jeswinde
Published: December 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is enhancing our lives in a variety of structures, which consists of smarter cities, agribusiness, and e‐healthcare, among others. Even though the Internet of Things has many features with the consumer Internet of Things, the open nature of smart devices and their worldwide connection make IoT networks vulnerable to a variety of assaults. Several approaches focused on attack detection in Internet of Things devices, which has the longest calculation times and the lowest accuracy issues. It is proposed in this paper that an attack detection framework for Internet of Things devices, based on the DWU‐ODBN method, be developed to alleviate the existing problems. At the end of the process, the proposed method is used to identify the source of the assault. It comprises steps such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification to identify the source of the attack. A random oversampler is used to preprocess the input data by dealing with NaN values, categorical features, missing values, and unbalanced datasets before being used to deal with the imbalanced dataset. When the data has been preprocessed, it is then sent to the MAD Median‐KS test method, which is used to extract features from the dataset. To categorize the data into attack and nonattack categories, the features are classified using the dual weight updation‐based optimal deep belief network (DWU‐ODBN) classification technique, which is explained in more detail below. According to the results of the experimental assessment, the proposed approach outperforms existing methods in terms of detecting intrusions and assaults. The proposed work achieves 77 seconds to achieve the attack detection with an accuracy rate of 98.1%.
Green Synthesis of Nanostructure CeO2 Using Tea Extract: Characterization and Adsorption of Dye from Aqueous Phase
Authors: Liu Chengshun , Liu Xiyao , Wu Yilin , Chen Zhuotong , Wu Zhuanrong , Wang Shumao , Han Hua , Xie Zhenbang , Wang Yixuan , Ko Tzu-Hsing
Published: December 2021

Nanostructure CeO2 powders were synthesized using tea waste extract as gel precursor. The as-prepared samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Based on the TGA/DTG analysis, the intermediates of cerium chloride hydrates (CeCl3.4H2O and CeCl3.H2O) and cerium anhydrous (CeCl3) were produced, and the formation temperature of CeO2 was estimated to be 773 K. The cubic fluorite structure of CeO2 was detected to be the predominant species and was completely formed at the calcination temperature of 773K–1073 K with a crystal size between 8.8 and 11.4 nm based on the XRD measurement. Moreover, the main chemical state of ceria on the surface of the synthesized samples was confirmed to be tetravalent ceria by XPS. All samples show a strong Raman signal at a well-defined chemical shift of 463 cm−1 and a significant symmetry feature was observed, suggesting that the tetravalent ceria is the dominant species throughout the bulk sample. All the synthesized CeO2 calcined at different temperatures showed higher adsorption efficiency for Congo red (CR) compared with commercial CeO2. The adsorption efficiency maintained a steady state of more than 95% when the concentration of CR and adsorption temperature were varied in this study. The kinetic analysis showed that the second-order model was the appropriate model to interpret the adsorption behavior of synthesized CeO2. The calculated adsorption capacity derived from the second-order model is in good agreement with the experimental data. The isotherm analysis revealed that the Freundlich and D-R models fit well for the synthesized CeO2 and represent physisorption with a multilayer mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters, including the changes in Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, suggested that the adsorption of CR on the synthesized CeO2 sample was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Multi‐Factor Modeling Method of the Load Sharing Ratio under Moving Train Loads
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Shiyu , Jin Yang , Song Yuxiang
Published: December 2021

In railway engineering, the load sharing ratio (LSR) is the ratio of the rail seat load (RSL) to the axle load, which is affected by many factors. The LSR can be used in the design and analysis of railway track structures as well as in the research of predicting the dynamic influence of railway tunnels and the environment. The “static loading method” commonly used to study the LSR does not conform to reality; using it, it is difficult to obtain a complete LSR curve, limiting its application. Besides, there is currently a lack of LSR prediction methods considering the impact of multiple factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a “moving loading method” for investigating the LSR under moving train excitation, verified to be rational by comparing with the experimental results. At the same time, a procedure for establishing the LSR multi‐factor prediction model is put forward, namely, we (1) determine the LSR function form and the fitting algorithm; (2) perform parameter sensitivity analysis to determine the main influencing parameters of the LSR function; and (3) design a quadratic regression orthogonal test to obtain the prediction formula of the LSR function coefficients. Once establishing the prediction model for a type of train‐track system, the LSR of similar systems can be calculated by adjusting the main parameters of the model. Shijiazhuang Metro Line 1 using the A‐type vehicle and the monolithic trackbed is taken as a case study to develop a corresponding LSR multi‐factor prediction model by the moving loading method and the procedure mentioned above. The results indicate that the proposed method performs well and can be adopted to enhance the accuracy of track design or tunnel and environmental vibration prediction.
Double Controlled Partial Metric Type Spaces and Convergence Results
Authors: Ahmad Haroon , Younis Mudasir , Köksal Mehmet Emir
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we firstly propose the notion of double controlled partial metric type spaces, which is a generalization of controlled metric type spaces, partial metric spaces, and double controlled metric type spaces. Secondly, our aim is to study the existence of fixed points for Kannan type contractions in the context of double controlled partial metric type spaces. The proposed results enrich, theorize, and sharpen a multitude of pioneer results in the context of metric fixed point theory. Additionally, we provide numerical examples to illustrate the essence of our obtained theoretical results.
Potential Prognosis and Diagnostic Value of AKT3, LSM12, MEF2C, and RAB30 in Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer on Spark Framework
Authors: Wang Jue , Wu Sheng , Zhang Jiuwen , Chen Jing
Published: December 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CRC progression is greatly affected by the local microenvironment. In the study, we proposed a deep computational-based model for the classification of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in exosomes. We, first, analyzed mRNA expression levels in CRC tumors and normal tissues. Secondly, we used GO and KEGG to analyze their functional enrichment. Thirdly, we analyzed the composition of immune cells in all TCGA samples and then evaluated the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CRC. Lastly, we combined the TCGA dataset, i.e., COADN = 449 and ROADN = 6, for analysis and found that the expression levels of AKT3, LSM12, MEF2C, and RAB30 in exosomes were significantly correlated with tumor immune infiltration levels. The performance evaluation has shown that the proposed model based on neural networks performs better as compared to the existing methods. The proposed model can be used as a potential tool for the immune infiltration level and their role in cancer metastasis and progression, which can help us to explore potential strategies for CRC diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
Kinematic Optimization of a Flexible Wing Undergoing Flapping and Pitching
Authors: Wu Yue , Xie Changchuan , Meng Yang , Yang Chao
Published: December 2021

In recent years, there has been widespread interest in the design of microair vehicles (MAVs) for flapping flight with high‐aspect ratio wings due to their high efficiency and energy savings. However, the flexibility of a flapping wing causes the aeroelastic effect, which remains a subject of investigation. Generally, existing research simulates active bending and twisting of flexible wings under the assumption of neglecting flapping inertia. In this research, the kinematic optimization of a bionic wing with passive deformation in forward flight while undergoing flapping and pitching is considered. To this end, a computational aeroelasticity framework, which includes the three‐dimensional unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) and the Newmark‐β method, is constructed for flapping flight. Under the assumption of linear elastic deformation, this tool is capable of simulating attached flows over a thin wing and capturing unsteady effects of wakes. A bionic numerical wing with an aspect ratio of 6.5, chord Reynolds number of 1.9 × 105, and reduced frequency less than 0.1 is investigated in kinematic optimization. The computational aeroelasticity framework is combined with a global optimization algorithm to identify the optimal kinematics that maximize the propulsive efficiency under the minimum average lift constraint. Two types of numerical wings, rigid wing and flexible wing, are considered here to compare the influence of deformation on the aerodynamics of the flapping wing. The results show that the aeroelastic effect, which increases the flapping amplitude, yields a significant improvement in terms of propulsive efficiency. In addition, the optimization algorithm maximizes the thrust efficiency while satisfying the required lift. Moreover, the optimal kinematics of both the rigid wing and the flexible wing reach the maximum flapping angle, which indicates that a larger range of motions is needed for optimal kinetics when loosening the boundary conditions.
Post hoc Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in Placebo- and Pirfenidone-Treated Patients with IPF Stratified by BMI and Weight Loss
Authors: Jouneau Stéphane , Crestani Bruno , Thibault Ronan , Lederlin Mathieu , Vernhet Laurent , Yang Ming , Morgenthien Elizabeth , Kirchgaessler Klaus-Uwe , Cottin Vincent
Published: December 2021

Background: Weight loss is frequently reported in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and may be associated with worse outcomes in these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and weight loss, and outcomes over 1 year in patients with IPF. Methods: Data were included from placebo patients enrolled in ASCEND (NCT01366209) and CAPACITY (NCT00287716 and NCT00287729), and all patients in INSPIRE (NCT00075998) and RIFF Cohort A (NCT01872689). An additional analysis included data from pirfenidone-treated patients. Outcomes (annualized change in percent predicted forced vital capacity [%FVC], percent predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, 6-min walk distance, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score, hospitalization, mortality, and serious adverse events) were analyzed by baseline BMI (<25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2–<30 kg/m2, or ≥30 kg/m2) and annualized percent change in body weight (no loss, >0–<5% loss, or ≥5% loss). Results: Placebo-treated patients with a baseline BMI <25 kg/m2 or annualized weight loss may experience worse outcomes versus those with a baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or no weight loss. The proportion of placebo-treated patients who experienced a relative decline of ≥10% in %FVC or death up to 1 year post-randomization was highest in patients with a baseline BMI <25 kg/m2. Pirfenidone-treated patients with an annualized weight loss ≥5% may also experience worse outcomes versus those with no weight loss. Conclusions: Patients with a baseline BMI <25 kg/m2 or annualized weight loss of >0–<5% or ≥5% may experience worse outcomes over 1 year versus those with a baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or no weight loss.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Toward an Individualized Approach
Authors: Villacorta Javier , Martinez-Valenzuela Laura , Martin-Capon Irene , Bordignon-Draibe Juliana
Published: December 2021

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens, proteinase 3 (PR3), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), typically involves small blood vessels of the respiratory tract and kidneys. It includes distinct clinical syndromes: microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic GPA. GPA is commonly associated with PR3-ANCA, while MPA is associated with MPO-ANCA. AAVs have a complex pathogenesis, influenced by genetics and environmental factors. There is evidence for a loss of tolerance to neutrophil proteins, which leads to ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation and injury, with effector T cells and activation of the alternative pathway of the complement also involved. Advances in immunosuppressive treatment have drastically reduced mortality of AAV in the past decades, opting for a more individualized approach. Careful assessment of ANCA specificity, disease activity, organ damage, and quality of life allows for a tailored immunosuppressive therapy. Contemporary AAV treatment is characterized by regimens that minimize the cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, and novel approaches including complement blockage and immunosuppressant combinations might be the standard of care in the future. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis, clinical approach, and evidence-based treatment options for the management of AAV patients.
Smartphone-Based DIY Home Microsurgical Training with 3D Printed Microvascular Clamps and Japanese Noodles
Authors: Ng Zhi Yang , Honeyman Calum , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Pandya Ankur , Papavasiliou Theodora
Published: December 2021

We have recently incorporated simple modifications of the konjac flour noodle model to enable DIY home microsurgical training by (i) placing a smartphone on a mug to act as a microscope with at least ×3.5–5 magnification, and (ii) rather than cannulating with a 22G needle as described by others, we have found that cannulation with a 23G needle followed by a second pass with an 18G needle will create a lumen (approximately 0.83 mm) without an overly thick and unrealistic “vessel” wall. The current setup, however, did not allow realistic evaluation of anastomotic patency as the noodles became macerated after application of standard microvascular clamps, which also did not facilitate practice of back-wall anastomoses. In order to simulate the actual operative environment as much as possible, we introduced the use of 3D-printed microvascular clamps. These were modified from its previous iteration (suitable for use in silastic and chicken thigh vessels), and video recordings were submitted for internal validation by senior surgeons. A “wet” operative field where the konjac noodle lumen can be distended or collapsed, unlike other nonliving models, was noted by senior surgeons. With the 3D clamps, the noodle could now be flipped over for back-wall anastomosis and allowed patency testing upon completion as it did not become macerated, unlike that from clinical microvascular clamps. The perceived advantages of this model are numerous. Not only does it comply with the 3Rs of simulation-based training, but it can also reduce the associated costs of training by up to a hundred-fold or more when compared to a traditional rat course and potentially be extended to low-middle income countries without routine access to microsurgical training for capacity development. That it can be utilized remotely also bodes well with the current limitations on face-to-face training due to COVID restrictions and lockdowns.
Sickness and the Social Brain: How the Immune System Regulates Behavior across Species
Authors: Devlin Benjamin A. , Smith Caroline J. , Bilbo Staci D.
Published: December 2021

Many instances of sickness critically involve the immune system. The immune system talks to the brain in a bidirectional loop. This discourse affords the immune system immense control, such that it can influence behavior and optimize recovery from illness. These behavioral responses to infection are called sickness behaviors and can manifest in many ways, including changes in mood, motivation, or energy. Fascinatingly, most of these changes are conserved across species, and most organisms demonstrate some form of sickness behaviors. One of the most interesting sickness behaviors, and not immediately obvious, is altered sociability. Here, we discuss how the immune system impacts social behavior, by examining the brain regions and immune mediators involved in this process. We first outline how social behavior changes in response to infection in various species. Next, we explore which brain regions control social behavior and their evolutionary origins. Finally, we describe which immune mediators establish the link between illness and social behavior, in the context of both normal development and infection. Overall, we hope to make clear the striking similarities between the mechanisms that facilitate changes in sociability in derived and ancestral vertebrate, as well as invertebrate, species.
Mirada ecológica en la construcción del proyecto de vida de jóvenes rurales
Authors: Erazo-borras Camila Yomara , Ceballos-Mora Ana Karen , Matabanchoy-Salazar Johana Madelyn
Published: December 2021

(analítico)El proyecto de vida de la juventud rural colombiana transita por dificultades en su planeación y desarrollo. Por ende, este estudio busca identificar los factores que interfieren en la construcción del proyecto de vida en jóvenes rurales, con una metodología de investigación cualitativa, enfoque etnometodológico y diseño transversal. Se emplearon como técnicas de recolección de información entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales, observación y análisis documental. Participaron 117 adolescentes, ocho docentes y seis padres de familia. Los resultados facilitaron comprender los factores individuales y sociales que inciden en el proyecto de vida de la juventud rural desde el modelo ecológico, que aborda la relación del adolescente rural con las características de su contexto y específicamente desde el microsistema, mesosistema, exosistema y macrosistema.
Palabras clave: Juventud rural; psicología del desarrollo; dinámica social; deserción escolar; participación comunitaria.
Belon, as aves e os ossos: tradução do capítulo XII da Histoire de la nature des oyseaux (1555)
Authors: Navarro Pedro de Lima
Published: December 2021

De modo análogo a outros estudiosos no período do Renascimento, Pierre Belon (1517-1564), se dedicou ao estudo de vários aspectos do mundo natural, porém ele é geralmente lembrado por uma ilustração presente na obra L’histoire de la nature des oyseaux (1555) onde chama a atenção para as semelhanças anatômicas entre os esqueletos de aves e do homem.  O propósito principal deste artigo é tornar o capítulo da referida obra onde figura a comparação entre o esqueleto humano e o das aves, mais acessível para os falantes de português. Acrescentamos também informações sobre sua vida, obra e recepção de suas ideias. Esperamos que este trabalho possa contribuir para a difusão das ideias de Belon e seu contexto.
Posterior National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Improves Prognostic Accuracy in Posterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Alemseged Fana , Rocco Alessandro , Arba Francesco , Schwabova Jaroslava Paulasova , Wu Teddy , Cavicchia Leone , Ng Felix , Ng Jo Lyn , Zhao Henry , Williams Cameron , Sallustio Fabrizio , Balabanski Anna H. , Tomek Ales , Parson Mark W. , Mitchell Peter J. , Diomedi Marina , Yassi Nawaf , Churilov Leonid , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Parsons M. , McDonald A. , Pesavento L. , Coote S. , Yan Bernard , Dowling Rick , Bush Steven , Ng F.C. , Thijs V. , Kleinig Timothy , Drew R. , Garcia Esperon C. , Spratt N. , Shah D. , Wu T. , Fink J. , Di Giuliano F. , Nappini S. , Morotti A. , Cavallini A. , Boulouis G. , Benhassen W. , Puetz V. , Kaiser D. , Oxley T.J. , Fifi J.T.
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) underestimates clinical severity in posterior circulation stroke and patients presenting with low NIHSS may be considered ineligible for reperfusion therapies. This study aimed to develop a modified version of the NIHSS, the Posterior NIHSS (POST-NIHSS), to improve NIHSS prognostic accuracy for posterior circulation stroke patients with mild-moderate symptoms.

Methods:

Clinical data of consecutive posterior circulation stroke patients with mild-moderate symptoms (NIHSS <10), who were conservatively managed, were retrospectively analyzed from the Basilar Artery Treatment and Management registry. Clinical features were assessed within 24 hours of symptom onset; dysphagia was assessed by a speech therapist within 48 hours of symptom onset. Random forest classification algorithm and constrained optimization were used to develop the POST-NIHSS in the derivation cohort. The POST-NIHSS was then validated in a prospective cohort. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≥3 at 3 months.

Results:

We included 202 patients (mean [SD] age 63 [14] years, median NIHSS 3 [interquartile range, 1–5]) in the derivation cohort and 65 patients (mean [SD] age 63 [16] years, median NIHSS 2 [interquartile range, 1–4]) in the validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, age, NIHSS, abnormal cough, dysphagia and gait/truncal ataxia were ranked as the most important predictors of functional outcome. POST-NIHSS was calculated by adding 5 points for abnormal cough, 4 points for dysphagia, and 3 points for gait/truncal ataxia to the baseline NIHSS. In receiver operating characteristic analysis adjusted for age, POST-NIHSS area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73–0.87) versus NIHSS area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.64–0.83),
P
=0.03. In the validation cohort, POST-NIHSS area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69–0.94) versus NIHSS area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.87),
P
=0.04.

Conclusions:

POST-NIHSS showed higher prognostic accuracy than NIHSS and may be useful to identify posterior circulation stroke patients with NIHSS <10 at higher risk of poor outcome.
Survival in a Nazi Concentration Camp: The Spanish Prisoners of Mauthausen
Authors: Domènech Jordi , Fernández Juan Jesús
Published: December 2021

Analysis of the extent to which higher social class (along with other demographic variables) was an advantage for Spanish prisoners at the Mauthausen concentration camp advances the study of the determinants of survival in contexts of indiscriminate violence. Use of Cox event-history models, based on detailed information collected by well-placed Spaniards at the camp, reveals that individuals from higher social classes who filled administrative positions at Mauthausen were prominent in support networks and had a good command of the German language were more likely to survive. The risk of death was highest among unskilled agricultural workers, followed by unskilled non-agricultural workers.
Chastity, Foreign Theories, and National Heritage Reorganization: Hu Shi (1892-1962) Addresses ‘The Woman Problem’
Authors: Orly Selena , Edwards Louise
Published: December 2021

This article examines Hu Shi’s view of “The Woman Problem” (funü wenti) through his tripartite approach for achieving a Chinese Renaissance as enunciated in his 1919 article “The Significance of the New Tide” (Xinsichao de yiyi). Our reading of the 1919 article reveals that Hu conceived of the twentieth-century Chinese Renaissance as a meticulously planned reform project based on a tripartite approach that involved: (1) researching concrete problems (yanjiu wenti), (2) importing foreign theories (shuru xueli), and (3) reorganizing national heritage (zhengli guogu). The article aims to demonstrate how Hu applied each of these interconnected methods to “The Woman Problem.” Previous scholarship on Hu’s views on women has failed to notice that it was methodologically integrated into his overarching Chinese Renaissance project and simultaneously underpinned by his academic program to reorganize national heritage. This essay also probes the quality of Hu Shi’s ‘feminism’ by expounding how his analysis of “The Woman Problem” was integrated into his overarching program to achieve a Chinese Renaissance.
Governing the covid-19 Pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa: Containment Measures as a Public Good
Authors: Koehler Kevin , Schulhofer-Wohl Jonah
Published: December 2021

What determined how governments in the Middle East and North Africa reacted to the global covid-19 pandemic? We develop a theoretical argument based on the political costs of different policy options and assess its empirical relevance. Distinguishing between the immediate costs associated with decisive action and the potential costs of uncontrolled spread that are likely to accrue over the long term, we argue that leaders who have fewer incentives to provide public goods to stay in power will lock down later than their more constrained counterparts. We find empirical support for this argument in statistical analyses covering the 1 January – 30 November 2020 period using the Oxford covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) and our own original data on the timing of mosque closures and strict lockdowns across the region. We also illustrate our argument with a description of the response to the pandemic in Egypt.
Redescription of Pylocheles (Bathycheles) cubensis Ortiz & Gómez, 1986, the senior synonym of Pylocheles (B.) chacei Forest, 1987 (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea, Pylochelidae)
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN PATSY A. , LEMAITRE RAFAEL , ORTIZ MANUEL
Published: December 2021

A reexamination of the holotypes of Pylocheles cubensis Ortiz & Gómez, 1986 and Pylocheles (Bathycheles) chacei Forest, 1987 has shown that these two deep-water taxa are identical. Pylocheles cubensis is the senior synonym and is assigned to the subgenus Bathycheles Forest, 1987, replacing P. (B.) chacei as the single Western Atlantic representative of the subgenus. Pylocheles (Bathycheles) cubensis is redescribed and illustrated.
Revision of the Fedrizziidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Fedrizzioidea)
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: December 2021

The Fedrizziidae are the most diverse group of mites associated with passalid beetles in Australia. Herein, I re-diagnose the family, genera and species, and describe ten new species from Australia, Indonesia and Thailand: Fedrizzia abradoalves sp. nov., F. gilloglyi sp. nov., F. parvipilus sp. nov., Neofedrizzia bunyas sp. nov., N. gordoni sp. nov., N. helenae sp. nov., N. imparmentum sp. nov., N. janae sp. nov., N. lepas sp. nov. and N. sulawesi sp. nov. Fedrizzia strandi (Oudemans), Neofedrizzia leonilae Rosario & Hunter, Neofedrizzia tani Pope & Chernoff and Neofedrizzia vitzthumi (Oudemans) are re-described. Neofedrizzia bicornis Karg is a junior synonym of Neofedrizzia scutata Womersley, which is also transferred to Fedrizzia. Fedrizzia unospina Karg is a junior synonym of Fedrizzia carabi Womersley. Fedrizzia gloriosa Berlese is transferred to Neofedrizzia. The specimens described by Womersley as Fedrizzia sp. cf. grossipes represent specimens of Fedrizzia sellnicki Womersley. Parafedrizzia buloloensis Womersley is recorded from Australia for the first time. A key to adult male and female Fedrizziidae and a summary of host records is provided.
A new species of Cypriconcha Sars (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from high mountain
wetlands of Argentina
Authors: DÍAZ ANALÍA R. , LOPRETTO ESTELA C.
Published: December 2021

Cypriconcha hypsophila n. sp. is described and illustrated from high-altitude freshwater bodies within the Argentine province of Catamarca, which represents the first record of this genus in South America. This paper also presents a taxonomical key for identification of all species within the genus. Some comments concerning how this particular species could have spread from the high mountains from the Nearctic region to those of the northwestern Andes are provided.
The genus Neotrichia Morton 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Pará state, Northern Brazil: New species and an unpublished species made available
Authors: NETO JAIME DE LIEGE GAMA , RIBEIRO JOSÉ MOACIR FERREIRA , PASSOS MAHEDY ARAUJO BASTOS
Published: December 2021

Five new species of Neotrichia Morton 1905 from Brazil are described, including Neotrichia dirrocha sp. nov., N. jamevu sp. nov., N. paidegua sp. nov., N. pavula sp. nov., and N. flinti Keth sp. nov. Among these, N. flinti Keth sp. nov., a species described by Keth (2002) from Venezuela but not previously published, is made available. Illustrations of male genitalia are provided with each description.
The status of Micronotus Hancock, 1902 species (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , GONZALEZ GLORIA RAQUEL DÁVILA , RODRÍGUEZ MARTHA CAROLINA VÁSQUEZ , RODRÍGUEZ DIANA MARCELA TRUJILLO
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, we focus on the status of the genus Micronotus and its four species. After this revision, the genus only includes two of the four species, being synonymized Micronotus dubius n. syn. under M. quadriundulatus; includes within the genus M. andeanum n. comb. (transferred from the genus Tetrix) and confirming the status of M. asperulus. Micronotus is redescribed, including additional characters, and a key is provided to identify the three species considered as valid. Micronotus caudatus, is located in the new genus Danielatettix n. gen., by differing from and not fitting the diagnostic characteristics of Micronotus or another known genus of Tetriginae. The color variation of Danielatettix caudatus n. comb. is documented, and under this species its synonymized: Paratettix attenuata n. syn., P. hastata n. syn. and P. ignobilis n. syn. Finally, the distribution of the studied species and the taxonomic panorama of Tetriginae in the Neotropics are discussed.
Polyphenol-Based Paclitaxel Prodrug Self-Assembled Nanoplatform for Tumor Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Rong Guoqiang , Xu Maomao , Shi Suxin , Yao Quanjun , Cheng Wei , Sang Dekang , Yu Weixiong , Qian Yumei , Shan Lingling
Published: December 2021

With the development of nanomedicine, studies focus on self-assembled nanoplatforms to reduce the toxicity of paclitaxel (PTX), promote the immune function at low-toxicity PTX, and achieve tumor synergistic therapy. Herein, a new nanoplatform was prepared with self-assembled 5-hydroxydopamine
(DA)-PTX@tannic acid (TA)-Fe3+ nanoparticles (TDPP NPs) by consolidation of targeted DA-PTX and TA with the assistance of coordination between polyphenols and Fe3+. The polyphenol-based TDPP NPs can reduce the toxicity of PTX and thereby realize the in vitro and
in vivo synergistic effect against tumors. The low-toxicity TDPP NPs can enhance the expression of CD40 immune protein. Moreover, the TDPP NPs possessed a small size (52.2±4 nm), high drug loading efficiency (95%), and stable pharmacokinetics, ensuring high tumor accumulation
of TDPP NPs by enhanced permeability and retention effect. Our work sheds new light on the nanoformulation of PTX with low toxicity and synergistic therapy effect, which may find clinical applications in the future.
Protection of Intestinal Barrier in Uremic Mice by Electroacupuncture via Regulating the Cannabinoid 1 Receptor of the Intestinal Glial Cells
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Guangjian , Liang Jing , Ma Yu , Huang Jian , Wang Rui , Du Hailiang , Wang Ge , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2021

Intestinal barrier injuries are common in uremia, which aggravates uremia. The goal of this study is to learn moreabout how electroacupuncture regulates gastrointestinal function, as well as to identify the importance of microglia in electroacupuncture regulation and the cannabinoid
receptor signaling pathway in controlling the activity of intestinal glial cells. The mice were arbitrarily assigned to four groups: control, CKD, electroacupuncture stimulation, or AM251 (CB1 receptor antagonist). The mice model of uremia was established by adenine gavage. Western blotting
revealed the development of tight junction proteins ZO-1, cannabinoid 1 receptor, glial specific GFAP, occludin, S100 β, claudin-1, and JNK. GFAP and CB1R protein expression and co-localization of the intestinal glial cells were observed by double-labeled fluorescence. The expression
of cannabinoid 1 receptor CB1R in the intestinal glial cells was increased after electroacupuncture. The expression of tight junction protein, GFAP, S100 β, and CB1R protein was up-regulated after electroacupuncture, and the dysfunction of the intestinal barrier in uremia was corrected.
Nevertheless, AM251, a CB1R antagonist, reversed the effect of electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture can protect the intestinal barrier through the intestinal glial cell CB1R, and the effect is achieved by inhibiting the JNK pathway.
Selection of a High-Affinity DNA Aptamer for the Recognition of Cadmium Ions
Authors: Yang Gaojian , Liu Yuan , Deng Yan , Chen Zhu , Chen Hui , Li Song , He Nongyue
Published: December 2021

Cadmium ions as toxic metallic pollutants have been dramatically risen due to industrial production, which causes serious environmental damages and potential health risks. Thus, developing sensitive and specific probes to recognize cadmium ions is vital for human and environmental safety.
In this work, the aptamer as a capture probe was selected for the identification of cadmium ions. The modified SELEX method based on immobilizing ssDNA libraries on streptavidin magnetic beads was used to the high-affinity aptamer selection for binding cadmium ions. After 9 rounds of selection,
4 ssDNA sequences with the highest enrichment were obtained, and the Cd-1 aptamer exhibited the highest affinity to cadmium ions. The dissociation constant Kd value of the Cd-1 aptamer was 81.39 μM for cadmium ions. Later, we also investigated the binding specificity
of Cd-1 aptamer toward other heavy metal ions. Given the availability of immobilizing ssDNA library on matrix, we believe the strategy also applies to discover other ions in a reproducible manner.
Does More Moisture in the Atmosphere Lead to More Intense Rains?
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Manzato Agostino
Published: December 2021

It is typically interpreted that more moisture in the atmosphere leads to more intense rains. This notion may be supported, for example, by taking a scatterplot between rain and column precipitable water. The present paper suggests, however, that the main consequence of intense rains with more moisture in the atmosphere is that there is a higher chance of occurrence rather than an increase in the expected magnitude. This tendency equally applies to any rains above 1 mm (6 h)−1to a lesser extent. The result is derived from an analysis of 33 local rain gauge station data and a shared sounding over Friuli Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy.

Significance Statement

Moisture is the source of clouds. Clouds, in turn, are source of rain. So we may expect that more moisture in the atmosphere causes more intense rains. We may further speculate that with more moisture in the atmosphere as a consequence of the global warning, we must face more catastrophic rain events and floods. However, this paper, by analyzing data over Friuli Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy, suggests otherwise: more moisture indeed increases frequencies of intense rains, but not their magnitudes as much.
The Mangrove-Derived Diterpenoid Diaporthe B Inhibits the Stemness and Increases the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells
Authors: Xu Yao , Zhong Zhiwei , Gao Yiwen , Wang Yuhui , Zhang Lanyue , Huang Huarong , Zheng Junxia , Zhang Kun , Zheng Xi , Goodin Susan
Published: December 2021

The absolute configuration of diaporthe B, a pimarane diterpene isolated from the mangrove derived endophytic fungus Eutypella sp #3E, was determined by a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diaporthe B on docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Results of our studies showed that docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells had higher sphere-forming efficiency and an increase in adherence to collagen-coated culture plates. The protein levels of cancer stem cell (CSC)-related markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 were higher in the docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells than in the parental cells. Treatment with diaporthe B dose-dependently inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in the resistant cells. Moreover, diaporthe B treatment decreased the sphere-forming efficiency and the adherence to collagen-coated plates in docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells. Diaporthe B also decreased the protein levels of CSC-related markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 in the resistant cells. In addition, a combination of diaporthe B and docetaxel had a more potent effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis in the resistant cells than either agent alone. Our studies suggest that diaporthe B inhibits the stemness of prostate cancer cells and may have therapeutic potential for enhancing the efficacy of docetaxel in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells.
European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia: validation in a risk-adapted protocol
Authors: Bataller Alex , Garrido Ana , Guijarro Francesca , Oñate Guadalupe , Diaz-Beyá Marina , Arnan Montserrat , Tormo Mar , Vives Susana , de Llano María Paz Queipo , Coll Rosa , Gallardo David , Vall-Llovera Ferran , Escoda Lourdes , Garcia-Guiñon Antonio , Salamero Olga , Sampol Antònia , Merchan Brayan M. , Bargay Joan , Castaño-Díez Sandra , Esteban Daniel , Oliver-Caldés Aina , Rivero Andrea , Mozas Pablo , López-Guerra Mònica , Pratcorona Marta , Zamora Lurdes , Costa Dolors , Rozman Maria , Nomdedéu Josep F. , Colomer Dolors , Brunet Salut , Sierra Jorge , Esteve, Jordi
Published: December 2021

The 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN 2017) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have become fundamental guidelines to assess the prognosis and postremission therapy of patients. However, they have been retrospectively validated in few studies with patients included in different treatment protocols. We analyzed 861 patients included in the Cooperativo Para el Estudio y Tratamiento de las Leucemias Agudas y Mielodisplasias-12 risk-adapted protocol, which indicates cytarabine-based consolidation for patients allocated to the ELN 2017 favorable-risk group, whereas it recommends allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) as a postremission strategy for the ELN 2017 intermediate- and adverse-risk groups. We retrospectively classified patients according to the ELN 2017, with 327 (48%), 109 (16%), and 245 (36%) patients allocated to the favorable-, intermediate-, and adverse-risk group, respectively. The 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 77% and 70% for favorable-risk patients, 52% and 46% for intermediate-risk patients, and 33% and 23% for adverse-risk patients, respectively. Furthermore, we identified a subgroup of patients within the adverse group (inv(3)/t(3;3), complex karyotype, and/or TP53 mutation/17p abnormality) with a particularly poor outcome, with a 2-year OS of 15%. Our study validates the ELN 2017 risk stratification in a large cohort of patients treated with an ELN-2017 risk-adapted protocol based on alloSCT after remission for nonfavorable ELN subgroups and identifies a genetic subset with a very poor outcome that warrants investigation of novel strategies.
Integrative QTL Identification, Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of a Major Locus qLTG3a for Seed Low-Temperature Germinability in Rice
Authors: Pan Zhaoyuan , Tan Bin , Cao Guiyuan , Zheng Rongqi , Liu Meng , Zeng Ruizhen , Wang Shaokui , Zhu Haitao , Ye Heng , Zhao Guangmiao , Cao Wei , Liu Guifu , Zhang Guiquan , Zhou Yuliang
Published: December 2021

Low-temperature germinability (LTG) is an important agronomic trait that can affect the planting time, planting area, and grain yield of staple crops, such as rice. However, the genetic mechanism of LTG is still unclear. In this study, a multi-parental permanent population with 208 single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) was used to conduct a genetic dissection for LTG across four cropping seasons. LTG was a typical quantitative trait with a high combined broad-sense heritability of 0.71. By comparison with the recipient parent, Huajingxian74, 24 SSSLs were identified as carrying LTG QTLs, which were further merged into integrated QTLs with shorter genetic distances by substitution mapping. Finally, 14 LTG QTLs were mapped on ten chromosomes, including seven positive-effect and seven negative-effect QTLs, with additive effect contributions ranging from 19.2 to 39.9%. qLTG3a, a main-effect and novel QTL, was confirmed by bulk segregant analysis using an F2 segregating population, and five key recombinants were selected to develop F3 populations for progeny testing. Marker-trait association analysis fine mapped qLTG3a to a 332.7-kb physical region between markers M6026 and M6341. Within this interval, 40 annotated genes were revealed, and three genes (Os03g0213300, Os03g0214400, and Os03g0214600) were considered as pivotal candidate genes for qLTG3a based on their sequence variations and expression patterns. Besides low temperature, qLTG3a can also enhance seed germination under standard temperature and osmotic stress. In summary, this study identified some genetic factors regulating LTG and opened a new window for breeding elite direct-seeded rice varieties. It will help reduce the climate risk in the production process of rice, which is of great significance to ensuring food security.
House fly larval grazing alters dairy cattle manure microbial communities
Authors: Neupane Saraswoti , Saski Christopher , Nayduch Dana
Published: December 2021

Background

House fly larvae (Musca domestica L.) require a live microbial community to successfully develop. Cattle manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, comprising a suitable substrate for larvae who feed on both the decomposing manure and the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes therein. Microbial communities change as manure ages, and when fly larvae are present changes attributable to larval grazing also occur. Here, we used high throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to characterize microbial communities in dairy cattle manure and evaluated the changes in those communities over time by comparing the communities in fresh manure to aged manure with or without house fly larvae.

Results

Bacteria, archaea and protist community compositions significantly differed across manure types (e.g. fresh, aged, larval-grazed). Irrespective of manure type, microbial communities were dominated by the following phyla: Euryarchaeota (Archaea); Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Bacteria); Ciliophora, Metamonanda, Ochrophyta, Apicomplexa, Discoba, Lobosa and Cercozoa (Protists). Larval grazing significantly reduced the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Ciliophora, Cercozoa and increased the abundances of Apicomplexa and Discoba. Manure aging alone significantly altered the abundance bacteria (Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Petrimonas, Succinovibro), protists (Buxtonella, Enteromonas) and archaea (Methanosphaera and Methanomassiliicoccus). Larval grazing also altered the abundance of several bacterial genera (Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, Taibaiella, Sphingopyxis, Sphingobacterium), protists (Oxytricha, Cercomonas, Colpodella, Parabodo) and archaea (Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum). Overall, larval grazing significantly reduced bacterial and archaeal diversities but increased protist diversity. Moreover, total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) decreased in larval grazed manure, and both TC and TN were highly correlated with several of bacterial, archaeal and protist communities.

Conclusions

House fly larval grazing altered the abundance and diversity of bacterial, archaeal and protist communities differently than manure aging alone. Fly larvae likely alter community composition by directly feeding on and eliminating microbes and by competing with predatory microbes for available nutrients and microbial prey. Our results lend insight into the role house fly larvae play in shaping manure microbial communities and help identify microbes that house fly larvae utilize as food sources in manure. Information extrapolated from this study can be used to develop manure management strategies to interfere with house fly development and reduce house fly populations.
The integration of mixed methods data to develop the quality of life – aged care consumers (QOL-ACC) instrument
Authors: Hutchinson Claire , Ratcliffe Julie , Cleland Jenny , Walker Ruth , Milte Rachel , McBain Candice , Corlis Megan , Cornell Victoria , Khadka Jyoti
Published: December 2021

Background

This paper describes the collection and integration of mixed methods data to facilitate the final selection of items for the Quality of Life – Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC) instrument. The aim of the wider project is to develop a preference-based quality of life instrument that can be used for quality assessment and economic evaluation. Older people have been involved at every stage of the development of the QOL-ACC to ensure that the final instrument captures their perspectives and preferences.

Methods

Mixed methods data was collected on draft items for the QOL-ACC instrument across six key quality of life dimensions (mobility, pain management, emotional well-being, independence, social connections, and activities). Qualitative face validity data was collected from older people (aged 66 to 100 years) living in the community and in residential aged care via semi-structured interviews (n = 59). Quantitative data was collected from older people (aged 65 to 91 years) receiving aged care services in the community via an online survey (n = 313). A traffic light pictorial approach was adopted as a practical and systematic way to categorise and present data in a meaningful way that was easy for non-academic workshop members to understand and to be able to discuss the relative merits of each draft item.

Results

The traffic light approach supported the involvement of consumer and aged care provider representatives in the selection of the final items. Six items were selected for the QOL-ACC instrument with one item representing each of the six dimensions.

Conclusions

This methodological approach has ensured that the final instrument is psychometrically robust as well as meaningful, relevant and acceptable to aged care consumers and providers.