bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La peinture à vue de nez ou la juste distance du critique d’art, de Diderot à Zola
Authors: Wicky Érika
Published: October 2014

Since the emergence of exhibition practices in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there has been a progressive normalization of the material conditions for observing paintings, such as their placement and the spectator’s distance to them. Just like painters and Salon visitors, art critics needed to move closer to their object of inquiry in order to gain better knowledge of it, but paradoxically, they could not claim objectivity without stepping back. The ideal distance that would allow viewers to simultaneously grasp the whole and the details was a contentious topic of discussion for nineteenth-century artists, critics, and scientists. Among the different ways in which this question was formulated in art criticism, one in particular reveals the presuppositions of the time about proximity: the constant reference to the smell of the painting. Associated with proximity, smell metaphorizes the pleasure or trouble spectators feel when they get close to paintings, to their pictorial materiality, or even to the figures depicted. Because smell always functions as a sign of the substance from which it emanates, art critics’ reference to it allowed them to consider the problem of proximity within the social and aesthetic issues of their time.
L’abduction et l’enquête sociale comme procédé méthodologique pragmatiste
Authors: Hallée1 Yves
Published: October 2014

Dans cet article, nous poursuivons les efforts de réhabilitation de l’institutionnalisme pragmatiste de John Rodgers Commons, mais en portant cette fois notre attention que sur les aspects méthodologiques. À cet effet, nous nous intéresserons aux travaux de Charles Sanders Peirce et à sa méthode de l’« abduction » ainsi qu’à ceux de John Dewey et à son procédé d’« enquête », puisqu’ils ont inspiré Commons dans ses recherches. Nous situerons notamment ces démarches complémentaires en regard des procédés usuels de déduction et d’induction et comme voie alternative à la tradition analytique cartésienne. Nous discuterons du procédé actif d’expérimentation ou de mise à l’épreuve, la causalité circulaire, qui résulte de la mise en application de l’abduction et de l’enquête sociale. Enfin, nous rendrons compte de l’expérience d’enquête de notre thèse de doctorat, inspirée de la méthodologie pragmatiste.
Signature Stories: Helen Timberlake‘s Petition to George III
Authors: Nash Susan
Published: October 2014

This article explores the process of female self-fashioning in two previously
neglected petitions dated 1786-87 by using signatures to analyse their texts and
construct their contexts. In them, Helen Timberlake revises the account of
frontier and Cherokee life her husband, Henry Timberlake, had published in his
Memoirs (1765). Her intense maternal voice, focused on loss,
entangles her history with that of the Cherokee chief Ostenaco, providing a
grounded but often untrue narrative of shared family life and a persona tailored
to evoke a history intertwined with that of George III. This article explores
the mystery of Helen Timberlakes origins, while connecting the rhetoric of her
petitions to the gendered emergence of sentimentalism, narratives of Indian
captivity, and the historiography of ‘the Atlantic’.
‘She Did but Take up Old Stories’: Generic Fluidity and Women‘s Life Writing of the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: Joule Victoria
Published: October 2014

In this article I demonstrate the significance of a flexible approach to
examining the autobiographical in early eighteenth-century womens writing. Using
‘old stories’, existing and developing narrative and literary forms, womens
autobiographical writing can be discovered in places other than the more
recognizable forms such as diaries and memoirs. Jane Barker and Delarivier
Manley‘s works are important examples of the dynamic and creative use of
cross-genre autobiographical writing. The integration of themselves in their
fictional and poetic works demonstrates the potential of generic fluidity for
innovative ways to express and explore the self in textual forms.
A Naval Wife: The Letters of Susannah Middleton
Authors: Wragg Richard
Published: October 2014

In 1805 Susannah Middleton travelled with her husband, Captain Robert Middleton,
to Gibraltar where he was to run the naval dockyard. Abroad for the first time,
Susannah maintained a regular correspondence with her sister in England. Casting
light on a collection of letters yet to be fully published, the paper gives an
account of Susannah‘s experiences as described to her sister. Consideration is
given to Susannah‘s position as the wife of a naval officer and her own view of
the role she had to play in her husband‘s success. Written at a time when an
officers wife could greatly improve his hopes for advancement through the
judicious use of social skills, the Middleton letters provide evidence of an
often overlooked aspect of the workings of the Royal Navy.
Sources for the History of Women in Eighteenth-Century Ireland: The Case of Dorothea Herberts Retrospections
Authors: Maxwell Jane
Published: October 2014

The poor survival rate of primary sources for the history of Irish women in the
early modern period is mitigated by the sophistication with which extant sources
are now being analysed. When re-examined without reference to the demands of the
traditional historical grand narrative, when each text itself is permitted to
guide its own interrogation, previously undervalued texts are revealed to be
insightful of individual existential experience. The memoir of
eighteenth-century Dorothea Herbert, hitherto much ignored due to the authors
mental illness, is becoming increasingly respected not just for its historic
evidential value but for the revelations it contains of a distressed individuals
use of literature to manage her circumstances. The interpretive tools deployed
on such a text by different research specialisms necessarily lead to divergent
conclusions; this in turn may lead to creative re-imagining of history although
they cannot all equally reflect what was likely to have been the lived reality
of the original author.
Investigations and Simulations of All optical Switches in linear state Based on Photonic Crystal Directional Coupler
Authors: Maktoobi S. , Ghayour R.
Published: October 2014

Switching is a principle process in digital computers and signal processing systems. The growth of optical signal processing systems, draws particular attention to design of ultra-fast optical switches. In this paper, All Optical Switches in linear state Based On photonic crystal Directional coupler is analyzed and simulated. Among different methods, the finite difference time domain method (FDTD) is a preferable method and is used. We have studied the application of photonic crystal lattices, the physics of optical switching and photonic crystal Directional coupler. In this paper, Electric field intensity and the power output that are two factors to improve the switching performance and the device efficiency are investigated and simulated. All simulations are performed by COMSOL software.
Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012
Authors: Baumberger Tamara , Lilley Marvin D. , Resing Joseph A. , Lupton John E. , Baker Edward T. , Butterfield David A. , Olson Eric J. , Früh‐Green Gretchen L.
Published: October 2014

Four cruises between 2008 and 2012 monitored the continuing eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin as it produced plumes of chemically altered water above its summit. Although large enrichments in 3He, CO2, Fe, and Mn were observed in the plumes, the most notable enrichment was that of H2, which reached concentrations as high as 14,843 nM. Strongly enriched H2 concentrations in the water column result from reactions between seawater or magmatic water and extremely hot rocks. In 2008, the observation of elevated H2 concentrations in the water column above West Mata pointed to vigorous ongoing eruptions at the volcano's summit. The eruption was confirmed by visual observations made by the ROV Jason 2 in 2009 and demonstrated that H2 measurements are a vital instrument to detect ongoing volcanic eruptions at the seafloor. Elevated H2 in 2010 showed that the eruption was ongoing, although at a reduced level given a maximum H2 concentration of 4410 nM. In 2012, H2 levels in the water column declined significantly, to a maximum of only 7 nM, consistent with visual observations from the Quest‐4000 ROV that found no evidence of an ongoing volcanic eruption. Methane behaved independently of other measured gases and its concentrations in the hydrothermal plume were very low. We attribute its minimal enrichments to a mixture of mantle carbon reduced to CH4 and biological CH4 from diffuse flow sites. This study demonstrates that ongoing submarine volcanic eruptions are characterized by high dissolved H2 concentrations present in the overlying water column.
Observational evidence of electron pitch angle scattering driven by ECH waves
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Cully Christopher M. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Contel Olivier Le , Hikishima Mitsuru , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: October 2014

Using the plasma wave and electron data obtained from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, we show a signature of electron pitch angle scattering driven by Electrostatic Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) waves in the velocity distribution function (VDF). The diffusion curve of whistler mode waves is used as a proxy to identify changes in VDFs due to wave‐particle interactions. We confirm that the shape of the VDF well agrees with the diffusion curve of whistler mode waves when whistler mode chorus alone is active. On the other hand, we find that the shape of the VDF deviates from the diffusion curves at low pitch angles when ECH waves are active following the inactivation of chorus waves. The result is observational support for electron pitch angle scattering caused by ECH waves and suggests that ECH waves can contribute to generation of diffuse auroras.
Structural control on the nucleation of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Dapeng
Published: October 2014

To clarify the causal mechanisms of megathrust earthquakes, we studied the detailed three‐dimensional P and S wave velocities (V), attenuation (Q), and Poisson's ratio (σ) structures of the Nankai subduction zone in southwest Japan, using a large number of high‐quality arrival time and t* data measured precisely from seismograms of local earthquakes. The suboceanic earthquakes used are relocated precisely using sP depth phase and ocean bottom seismometer data. Our results show the existence of two prominent high‐V, high‐Q, and low‐σ patches separated by low‐V, low‐Q, and high‐σ anomalies in the Nankai megathrust zone. Megathrust earthquakes during 1900 to 2013 nucleated in or around the high‐V, high‐Q, and low‐σ patches, which may represent strongly coupled areas (i.e., asperities) in the megathrust zone. Our results indicate that structural heterogeneities in the megathrust zone, such as the subducting seafloor topography and compositional variations, control the nucleation of the Nankai megathrust earthquakes.
Rocket‐triggered lightning propagation paths relative to preceding natural lightning activity and inferred cloud charge
Authors: Pilkey J. T. , Uman M. A. , Hill J. D. , Ngin T. , Gamerota W. R. , Jordan D. M. , Caicedo J. , Hare B.
Published: October 2014

Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) data are used to compare the propagation paths of seven rocket‐triggered lightning flashes to the inferred charge structure of the thunderstorms in which they were triggered. This is the first LMA study of Florida thunderstorm charge structure. Three sequentially (within 16 min) triggered lightning flashes, whose initial stages were the subject of Hill et al. (2013), are reexamined by comparing the complete flashes to the preceding natural lightning to demonstrate that the three rocket‐triggered flashes propagated through an inferred negative charge region that decreased from about 6.8 to about 4.4 km altitude as the thunderstorm dissipated. Two other flashes were also sequentially triggered (within 9 min) in a thunderstorm that contained a convectively intense region ahead of a stratiform region, with similar observed results. Finally, two unique cases of triggered lightning flashes are presented. In the first case, the in‐cloud portion of the triggered lightning flash, after ascending to and turning horizontal at 5.3 km altitude, just above the 0°C level, was observed to very clearly resemble the geometry of the in‐cloud portion of the preceding natural lightning discharges. In the second case, a flash was triggered relatively early in the storm's lifecycle that did not turn horizontal near the 0°C level, as is usually the case for triggered lightning in dissipating storms, but ascended to nearly 7.5 km altitude before exhibiting extensive horizontal branching.
Iron clad wetlands: Soil iron‐sulfur buffering determines coastal wetland response to salt water incursion
Authors: Schoepfer Valerie A. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Burgin Amy J.
Published: October 2014

Coastal freshwater wetland chemistry is rapidly changing due to increased frequency of salt water incursion, a consequence of global change. Seasonal salt water incursion introduces sulfate, which microbially reduces to sulfide. Sulfide binds with reduced iron, producing iron sulfide (FeS), recognizable in wetland soils by its characteristic black color. The objective of this study is to document iron and sulfate reduction rates, as well as product formation (acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and chromium reducible sulfide (CRS)) in a coastal freshwater wetland undergoing seasonal salt water incursion. Understanding iron and sulfur cycling, as well as their reduction products, allows us to calculate the degree of sulfidization (DOS), from which we can estimate how long soil iron will buffer against chemical effects of sea level rise. We show that soil chloride, a direct indicator of the degree of incursion, best predicted iron and sulfate reduction rates. Correlations between soil chloride and iron or sulfur reduction rates were strongest in the surface layer (0–3 cm), indicative of surface water incursion, rather than groundwater intrusion at our site. The interaction between soil moisture and extractable chloride was significantly related to increased AVS, whereas increased soil chloride was a stronger predictor of CRS. The current DOS in this coastal plains wetland is very low, resulting from high soil iron content and relatively small degree of salt water incursion. However, with time and continuous salt water exposure, iron will bind with incoming sulfur, creating FeS complexes, and DOS will increase.
Postsynthetische “Photoklick”‐Modifizierung von DNA
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: October 2014

Ein neu synthetisierter DNA‐Baustein auf Basis von 2′‐Desoxyuridin trägt in der 5‐Position ein über eine Aminopropinylgruppe verknüpftes, push‐pull‐substituiertes Diaryltetrazol. Das damit modifizierte Oligonucleotid ermöglicht die postsynthetische Markierung mit einem Maleinimid tragenden Sulfo‐Cy3‐Farbstoff, N‐Methylmaleinimid und Methylmethacrylat als Dipolarophile jeweils durch Bestrahlung mit Licht bei λexc=365 nm (LED). Die experimentell bestimmte Geschwindigkeitskonstante beträgt (23±7) M−1 s−1 und ist bemerkenswert groß gegenüber denen anderer kupferfreier, bioorthogonaler Reaktionen und ähnlich groß wie jene der kupferkatalysierten Cycloaddition von Aziden mit Acetylenen.
Transparent Metal Selenide Alloy Counter Electrodes for High‐Efficiency Bifacial Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Yanyan , Tang Qunwei , Liu Juan , He Benlin , Yu Liangmin
Published: October 2014

The exploration of cost‐effective and transparent counter electrodes (CEs) is a persistent objective in the development of bifacial dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Transparent counter electrodes based on binary‐alloy metal selenides (M‐Se; M=Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Ru) are now obtained by a mild, solution‐based method and employed in efficient bifacial DSSCs. Owing to superior charge‐transfer ability for the I−/I3− redox couple, electrocatalytic activity toward I3− reduction, and optical transparency, the bifacial DSSCs with CEs consisting of a metal selenide alloy yield front and rear efficiencies of 8.30 % and 4.63 % for Co0.85Se, 7.85 % and 4.37 % for Ni0.85Se, 6.43 % and 4.24 % for Cu0.50Se, 7.64 % and 5.05 % for FeSe, and 9.22 % and 5.90 % for Ru0.33Se in comparison with 6.18 % and 3.56 % for a cell with an electrode based on pristine platinum, respectively. Moreover, fast activity onset, high multiple start/stop capability, and relatively good stability demonstrate that these new electrodes should find applications in solar panels.
Total Syntheses of (−)‐Huperzine Q and (+)‐Lycopladines B and C
Authors: Hong Benke , Li Houhua , Wu Jinbao , Zhang Jing , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: October 2014

Utilizing a late‐stage enamine bromofunctionalization strategy, the twelve‐step total synthesis of (−)‐huperzine Q was accomplished. Furthermore, the first total syntheses of (+)‐lycopladines B and C are described. An unprecedented X‐ray crystal structure of an unusual epoxyamine intermediate is also reported, and the synthetic application of this intermediate in natural product synthesis is demonstrated.
Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Wind Energy Conversion System Involving Induction Generator
Authors: Lajouad Rachid , Magri Abdelmounime El , Fadili Abderrahim El , Chaoui Fatima‐Zahra , Giri Fouad
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a theoretical framework for adaptive control of a wind energy conversion system (WECS), involving a squirrel cage induction generator (SIG) connected with an AC/DC/AC IGBT‐based PWM converter. A multi‐loop nonlinear controller is designed to meet two main control objectives, i.e., (i) speed reference optimization in order to extract a maximum wind energy whatever the wind speed, and (ii) power factor correction (PFC) to avoid net harmonic pollution. These objectives must be achieved despite the mechanical parameters uncertainty. First, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed within the Park coordinates. Then, a multi‐loop nonlinear controller is synthesized using the adaptive backstepping design. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability is carried out to describe the control system performances. In addition to closed‐loop global asymptotic stability, it is proven that all control objectives (induction generator speed tracking, rotor flux regulation, DC link voltage regulation and unitary power factor) are asymptotically achieved.
Branched‐chain amino acids supplementation protects streptozotocin‐induced insulin secretion and the correlated mechanism
Authors: Lu Ming , Zhang Xiujuan , Zheng Dongmei , Jiang Xiuyun , Chen Qing
Published: October 2014

Significant evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress can impair insulin secretion and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) are reported to be positively related to insulin secretion. This study aimed to determine how oxidative stress affects the function of islets and whether BCAAs can ameliorate the oxidative stress, and accompanying c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase D1 (PKD1), and pancreatic/duodenal homeobox‐1 (PDX‐1) changes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and JNK, PKD1 and PDX‐1 mRNA and protein expression were measured in rats treated with STZ and BCAAs. The glucose level in STZ‐induced diabetic rats was much higher than that in control animals, and the elevated plasma glucose level in diabetic rats could be significantly inhibited by BCAAs treatment. Consistent with the change in glucose levels, the levels of insulin were also affected by BCAAs treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of JNK, PDX‐1, and PKD1 were significantly altered in diabetic rats compared with the control group (P < 0.01) and treatment with a low dose of BCAA reversed these changes in those above markers significantly (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that STZ‐induced oxidative stress could reduce serum insulin levels and alter the JNK, PDX‐1, and PKD1 expression. BCAAs restored the levels of serum insulin reversed changes in JNK, PDX‐1, and PKD1 expression. © 2014 BioFactors, 41(2):127–133, 2015.
High frequency of lobular breast cancer in distant metastases to the orbit
Authors: Raap Mieke , Antonopoulos Wiebke , Dämmrich Maximilian , Christgen Henriette , Steinmann Diana , Länger Florian , Lehmann Ulrich , Kreipe Hans , Christgen Matthias
Published: October 2014

Metastasis to the periocular soft tissue of the orbit is a rare manifestation of metastatic cancer. Infiltrating lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is a special breast cancer subtype, which accounts for 10–15% of all mammary carcinomas and for ~1% of all malignancies. Here, we report on a high frequency of lobular breast cancer in patients with orbital metastases identified in an original series of metastatic tumor specimens and by a systematic literature review. A series of 14 orbital metastases was compiled from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded archival tissues. All cases were subjected to histological re‐review and detailed immunophenotypical characterization. In addition, we performed a meta‐analysis of 68 previously published case reports describing orbital metastases, with special reference to breast cancer subtypes. Based on clinical history, histomorphology, immunophenotype, and/or comparison with matched primary tumors, orbital metastases were derived from breast cancer in 8/14 cases, seven of which were classified as metastatic lobular breast cancer. Other entities included non‐small cell lung cancer (4/14), infiltrating ductal breast cancer (1/14), prostate cancer (1/14) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (1/14). In line with this original series of orbital metastases, lobular breast cancer was the most common malignancy in 72 patients with orbital metastases described in 68 independent case reports. In conclusion, lobular breast cancer represents the cancer subtype with the highest prevalence among orbital metastases. The high frequency of ILBC in orbital metastases illustrates the special metastatic behavior of this tumor entity and may have implications for the understanding of the organotropism of metastatic lobular breast cancer.
Discrimination of p53 immunohistochemistry‐positive tumors by its staining pattern in gastric cancer
Authors: Ando Koji , Oki Eiji , Saeki Hiroshi , Yan Zhao , Tsuda Yasuo , Hidaka Gen , Kasagi Yuta , Otsu Hajime , Kawano Hiroyuki , Kitao Hiroyuki , Morita Masaru , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: October 2014

Immunohistochemistry staining of p53 is a cheap and simple method to detect aberrant function of p53. However, there are some discrepancies between the result of immunohistochemistry staining and mutation analysis. This study attempted to find a new definition of p53 staining by its staining pattern. Immunohistochemistry staining of p53 and TP53 gene mutation analysis were performed in 148 gastric cancer patients. Also SNP‐CGH array analysis was conducted to four cases. Positive staining of p53 was observed in 88 (59.5%) tumors. Tumors with positive p53 staining showed malignant features compared to negative tumors. Mutation of TP53 gene was observed in 29 (19.6%) tumors with higher age and differentiated type. In positive p53 tumors, two types could be distinguished; aberrant type and scattered type. With comparison to TP53 gene mutation analysis, all the scattered type had wild‐type TP53 gene (P = 0.0003). SNP‐CGH array showed that scattered‐type tumors had no change in the structure of chromosome 17. P53‐scattered‐type staining tumors may reflect a functionally active nonmutated TP53 gene. In interpretation of p53 immunohistochemistry staining, distinguishing p53‐positive tumors by their staining pattern may be important in gastric cancer.
Single‐Crystal‐like Nanoporous Spinel Oxides: A Strategy for Synthesis of Nanoporous Metal Oxides Utilizing Metal‐Cyanide Hybrid Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed B. , Hu Ming , Imura Masataka , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Umezawa Naoto , Hamoudi Hicham , Belik Alexei A. , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: October 2014

Development of a new method to synthesize nanoporous metal oxides with highly crystallized frameworks is of great interest because of their wide use in practical applications. Here we demonstrate a thermal decomposition of metal‐cyanide hybrid coordination polymers (CPs) to prepare nanoporous metal oxides. During the thermal treatment, the organic units (carbon and nitrogen) are completely removed, and only metal contents are retained to prepare nanoporous metal oxides. The original nanocube shapes are well‐retained even after the thermal treatment. When both Fe and Co atoms are contained in the precursors, nanoporous FeCo oxide with a highly oriented crystalline framework is obtained. On the other hand, when nanoporous Co oxide and Fe oxide are obtained from Co‐ and Fe‐contacting precursors, their frameworks are amorphous and/or poorly crystallized. Single‐crystal‐like nanoporous FeCo oxide shows a stable magnetic property at room temperature compared to poly‐crystalline metal oxides. We further extend this concept to prepare nanoporous metal oxides with hollow interiors. Core‐shell heterostructures consisting of different metal‐cyanide hybrid CPs are prepared first. Then the cores are dissolved by chemical etching using a hydrochloric acid solution (i.e., the cores are used as sacrificial templates), leading to the formation of hollow interiors in the nanocubes. These hollow nanocubes are also successfully converted to nanoporous metal oxides with hollow interiors by thermal treatment. The present approach is entirely different from the surfactant‐templating approaches that traditionally have been utilized for the preparation of mesoporous metal oxides. We believe the present work proves a new way to synthesize nanoporous metal oxides with controlled crystalline frameworks and architectures.
The First Boroselenates as new Silicate Analogues
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: October 2014

The first boroselenates were obtained as single crystals by the reaction of selenic acid with boron acid and the corresponding alkali carbonates. The structure determinations showed a far‐reaching analogy to very recently described borosulfates and the borophosphates, that is, tetrahedral BO4 and SeO4 units linked by common corners. In each case, the BO4 tetrahedra are surrounded by SeO4 tetrahedra. As a function of the B/Se ratio, this results in chains (1:3; Cs3[B(SeO4)3], Rb3[B(SeO4)3]), isolated pentamers (1:4; HK4[(B(SeO4)4]), or pentamers with additional isolated SeO4 tetrahedra (1:5; (H3O)Na6[B(SeO4)4](SeO4). Compound Rb3[B(SeO4)3] (orthorhombic, Ibca, Z=8, a=7.508(2), b=15.249(3), c=23.454(5) Å) is isotypic to Rb3[B(SO4)3]) and Ba3[B(PO4)3]. Compound Cs3[B(SeO4)3] (monoclinic, P21/c, Z=4, a=11.3552(4), b=7.9893(3), c=15.7692(6) Å, β=101.013(1)°) represents a distorted variant of Rb3[B(SeO4)3]. The isolated pentamers in HK4[(B(SeO4)4]) (triclinic, P$\bar 1$, Z=6, a=7.5303(1), b=7.5380(1), c=42.3659(4) Å, α=88.740(1), β=89.971(1), γ=89.971(1)°) were also found in K5[(B(SO4)4] and Na5[(B(SO4)4]. Compound (H3O)Na6[B(SeO4)4](SeO4) (tetragonal, I$\bar 4$, a=9.9796(1), c=18.2614(2) Å) is a super structure of the borophosphates Sr6[B(PO4)4](PO4) and Pb6[B(PO4)4](PO4). Because the tetrahedra are only connected through apices, there are topological analogies to silicates. Therefore, boroselenates may have a similar variability of crystal structures, such as borosulfates and borophosphates.
Chiral Ligands Derived from Monoterpenes: Application in the Synthesis of Optically Pure Secondary Alcohols via Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: El Alami Mohammed Samir Ibn , El Amrani Mohamed Amin , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine , Suisse Isabelle , Mortreux André
Published: October 2014

The preparation of optically pure secondary alcohols in the presence of catalysts based on chiral ligands derived from monoterpenes, such as pinenes, limonenes and carenes, is reviewed. A wide variety of these ligands has been synthesized and used in several catalytic reactions, including hydrogen transfer, CC bond formation via addition of organozinc compounds to aldehydes, hydrosilylation, and oxazaborolidine reduction, leading to high activities and enantioselectivities.
Competing Pathways in the Photogeneration of Didehydrotoluenes from (Trimethylsilylmethyl)aryl Sulfonates and Phosphates
Authors: Crespi Stefano , Ravelli Davide , Protti Stefano , Albini Angelo , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: October 2014

The scope of the photochemical generation of α,n‐didehydrotoluene diradicals from aryl sulfonates and phosphates and their chemistry are explored. The thermally inaccessible α,2‐ and α,4‐ intermediates are efficiently obtained by irradiation of ortho‐ and para‐(trimethylsilylmethyl)phenyl triflates through heterolytic splitting of the ester anion from the substrate in the triplet state. Triplet phenyl cations are formed and the loss of trimethylsilyl cation from them affords the desired diradicals (3Me3SiCH2C6H4‐OZ→3Me3SiCH2C6H4+→⋅CH2C6H4⋅). Triplet sensitization is required, for which acetone is used throughout. Direct irradiation leads, on the contrary, to photo‐Fries fragmentation (1Me3SiCH2C6H4O‐Z→Me3SiCH2C6H4O⋅+Z⋅). With mesylates, where ester cleavage is less convenient, a further competition from the triplet is direct desilylation. Didehydrotoluenes are also obtained from the corresponding phosphates, although with poor efficiency.
Rhodium(III)‐ and Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed C7 Alkylation of Indolines with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Ai Wen , Yang Xueyan , Wu Yunxiang , Wang Xuan , Li Yuanchao , Yang Yaxi , Zhou Bing
Published: October 2014

A RhIII‐catalyzed procedure for the C7‐selective CH alkylation of various indolines with α‐diazo compounds at room temperature is reported. The advantages of this process are: 1) simple, mild, and pH‐neutral reaction conditions, 2) broad substrate scope, 3) complete regioselectivity, 4) no need for an external oxidant, and 5) N2 as the sole byproduct. Furthermore, alkylation and bis‐alkylation of carbazoles at the C1 and C8 positions have also been developed. More significantly, for the first time, a successful IrIII‐catalyzed intermolecular insertion of arene CH bonds into α‐diazo compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Properties of SrZn2(PO4)2:Tb3+ and Its Luminescence Improvement by Incorporating A+ (A: Li, Na, and K).
Authors: Li Panlai , Wang Zhijun , Yang Zhiping , Guo Qinglin
Published: October 2014

The new title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of SrCO3, ZnO, NH4H2PO4, and Tb4O7 (corundum crucibles, 900 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Thermal Method to Prepare Two Novel Two‐Dimensional Mn—Sb—S Compounds for Photocatalytic Applications.
Authors: Nie Lina , Xiong Wei‐Wei , Li Peizhou , Han Jianyu , Zhang Guodong , Yin Shengming , Zhao Yanli , Xu Rong , Zhang Qichun
Published: October 2014

The new two‐dimensional compounds (IV) and (VII) crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Pr1.33Pt4Ga10: Superstructure and Magnetism.
Authors: Doan Nguyen Sau , Ryan Kevin , Chai Ping , Shatruk Michael , Xin Yan , Chapman Karena W. , Chupas Peter J. , Fronczek Frank R. , Macaluso Robin T.
Published: October 2014

Pr1.33Pt4Ga10 single crystals are prepared from the elements using excess Ga as flux (alumina crucible in evacuated silica ampoule, 1150 °C, 4 h, 2; ≈10% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Formal anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Terminal Aryl Alkynes with Pinacolborane and Hydroxylamines via Zr/Cu Sequential Catalysis.
Authors: Sakae Ryosuke , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: October 2014

Performing the reaction with aliphatic terminal alkynes such as 1‐hexyne is unsuccessful.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amino Acids to Amino Alcohols with Complete Retention of Configuration
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Tamura Riku , Takeda Yasuyuki , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: October 2014

using a rhodium/molybdenum mixed oxide on silica as effective heterogeneous catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Convenient Synthesis of gem‐Bis(dithiocarbamate) Derivatives from Primary Aliphatic Amines, Carbon Disulfide, and Aromatic Aldehydes Using Boron Trifluoride‐Diethyl Etherate.
Authors: Nemati Firouzeh , Gharjeh Ghiyaei Ali Ghorbani , Notash Behrouz , Shayegan Mojtaba Hajiloo , Amani Vahid
Published: October 2014

The title synthesis is advantageous with regards to high yields, mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active and Easily Recoverable Chitosan@Copper Catalyst for the C—S Coupling and Its Application in the Synthesis of Zolimidine.
Authors: Shen Chao , Xu Jun , Yu Wenbo , Zhang Pengfei
Published: October 2014

The newly prepared chitosan/Cu system catalyzes the coupling of aryl iodides (I) with sodium sulfinates (II) to give sulfones (III) (25 examples) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized BINOL‐mono‐PHOS for Multinuclear Cu‐Catalysts in Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Endo Kohei , Yakeishi Sayuri , Hamada Daisuke , Shibata Takanori
Published: October 2014

The syntheses of ligands (I) as well as derivatives thereof are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Branched‐Selective Addition of Aromatic Ketimines to Styrenes under Room‐Temperature Conditions.
Authors: Dong Jinghua , Lee Pin‐Sheng , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: October 2014

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 2‐Bromophenylboronic Esters as Benzyne Precursors in the Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Triphenylenes.
Authors: Garcia‐Lopez Jose‐Antonio , Greaney Michael F.
Published: October 2014

ortho‐Bromo substituted arylboronic pinacolates are introduced as novel aryne precusors allowing an efficient preparation of triphenylene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones Through Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation.
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Yao Weijun , Wang Tianli , Tan Yong Ren , Yan Ziyu , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Lu Yixin
Published: October 2014

The title synthesis represents the first asymmetric application of α‐substituted allenoates in [4 + 1] annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulation Reactions of Aminocyclopropanes.
Authors: de Nanteuil Florian , Serrano Eloisa , Perrotta Daniele , Waser Jerome
Published: October 2014

The title reaction proceeds with both enol ethers and aldehydes using Cu and a commercially available bisoxazoline ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide (BDMS)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles Through a One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Bagdi Prasanta Ray , Basha R. Sidick , Lal Mohan , Khan Abu T.
Published: October 2014

A great variety of pyrroles [(V), (VIII), and (X)] is conveniently and ecofriendly synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1‐b]benzothiazole Derivatives Through Sequential Cu‐Catalyzed Domino Coupling and Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction.
Authors: Gao Jilong , Zhu Jiaoyan , Chen Lubin , Shao Yingying , Zhu Jiaqi , Huang Yijia , Wang Xiaoxia , Lv Xin
Published: October 2014

A convenient protocol for the copper‐catalyzed domino coupling of ortho‐dihaloarenes with 2‐mercaptobenzimidazoles to produce a variety of benzimidazobenzothiazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Fused Dithienyl BODIPYs Synthesized by Oxidative Ring Closure.
Authors: Heyer Elodie , Retailleau Pascal , Ziessel Raymond
Published: October 2014

A novel type of near‐IR dyes (II) is developed using a novel FeCl3‐promoted oxidative ring‐closure of BODIPY precursors that occurs exclusively in the α,α′‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboboration: Borylative Coupling of Alkynes with Alkenes Through Activation of Boron—Chlorine Bonds.
Authors: Nakada Kanayo , Daini Masaki , Suginome Michinori
Published: October 2014

Terminal and alkyl‐substituted alkynes do not give the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphomolybdic Acid Promoted Kabachnik—Fields Reaction: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates from 2‐Cyclopropylpyrimidine‐4‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Reddy Pogula Sreekanth , Reddy Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana , Reddy Sura Mallikarjun
Published: October 2014

Phosphomolybdic acid is an efficient catalyst for the three‐component condensation of pyrimidin‐4‐carbaldehyde, phosphites, and aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Avermectin Derivatives from the Beibu Gulf Gorgonian Anthogorgia caerulea.
Authors: Gao Chenghai , Wang Yibing , Chen Yinning , He Bijuan , Zhang Rongcan , Xu Mingben , Huang Riming
Published: October 2014

Two new avermectin derivatives, avermectin B1c (Ia) and B1e (Ib) are isolated along with the known compounds, avermectin B2a and ivermectin A1a.
ChemInform Abstract: Lab‐on‐a‐chip Devices for Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis and Their Role as a Catalyst Support for Continuous Flow Catalysis
Authors: Navin Chelliah V. , Krishna Katla Sai , Theegala Chandra S. , Kumar Challa S. S. R.
Published: October 2014

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Excited‐State Properties of Mononuclear Ru(II) Complexes of Tridentate Heterocyclic Ligands
Authors: Pal Amlan K. , Hanan Garry S.
Published: October 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable Silanone with a Three‐Coordinate Silicon Atom: A Century‐Long Wait is over
Authors: Sen Sakya S.
Published: October 2014

Review: isolation and characterization of a stable metallosilanone complex; 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrene‐Fused Pyrazaacenes: From Small Molecules to Nanoribbons
Authors: Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: October 2014

Review: [syntheses and applications of pyrene‐fused pyrazaacenes from 1937 to our days; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances and Applications of Glaser Coupling Employing Greener Protocols
Authors: Sindhu K. S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: October 2014

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Aerobic Oxidations of Alcohols and Amines with Homogeneous Copper/TEMPO and Related Catalyst Systems
Authors: Ryland Bradford L. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: October 2014

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Site Isolation and Phase Cooperation: Two Important Concepts in Selective Oxidation Catalysis: A Retrospective
Authors: Grasselli Robert K.
Published: October 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Tribromide (BTPTB): A Convenient and Versatile Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Langroodi Mohaddeseh Safarpoor Nikoo
Published: October 2014

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Pyridinylboronic Acids and Esters
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Milo Lawrence J. , Lai Jack H.
Published: October 2014

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Aliev A. E. , Law R. V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Jameson Cynthia J. , De Dios Angel C.
Published: October 2014

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Stray Fields in Systems of Giant Magnetic Anisotropy Magnets
Authors: Samofalov V. N. , Belozorov D. P. , Ravlik A. G.
Published: October 2014

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Understanding Magnetic Nanoparticles in AC Magnetic Fields and Optimal Design for Targeted Hyperthermia
Authors: Mamiya Hiroaki
Published: October 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Research and Future Perspectives of Phytase Bioprocessing.
Authors: Bhavsar K. , Khire J. M.
Published: October 2014

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Aspects of the Nucleic Acid I‐Motif Structures
Authors: Benabou S. , Avino A. , Eritja R. , Gonzalez C. , Gargallo R.
Published: October 2014

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Preparation of Polyaniline Nanostructures and Their Applications in Anticorrosive Coatings
Authors: Tian Zhifei , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Saleem Muhammad , Ren Fujie , Ren Pengfei , Chen Yongsheng , Sun Ruoli , Sun Yubiao , Huang Liang
Published: October 2014

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Methods for Excited State Dynamics of Molecules and Molecular Aggregates
Authors: Shi Qiang , Chen Hui
Published: October 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Methods for Measuring the Solubilities of Gases and Vapors in Liquids and Polymers
Authors: Afzal Waheed , Prausnitz John
Published: October 2014

Review: 49 refs.
Targeting Promoter G‐Quadruplex DNAs by Indenopyrimidine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Diveshkumar K. V. , Sakrikar Saaz , Harikrishna S. , Dhamodharan V. , Pradeepkumar P. I.
Published: October 2014

The formation of G‐quadruplex structures can regulate telomerase activity and the expression of oncogenes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Therefore, stabilization of G‐quadruplex DNA structures by small molecules has been recognized as a promising strategy for anticancer drug therapy. One of the major challenges in this field is to impart stabilizing molecules with selectivity toward quadruplex structures over duplex DNAs, and to maintain specificity toward a particular quadruplex topology. Herein we report the synthesis and binding interactions of indenopyrimidine derivatives, endowed with drug‐like properties, with oncogenic promoters of c‐myc and c‐kit, telomeric and duplex DNAs. The results show specific stabilization of promoter over telomeric quadruplexes and duplex DNAs. Molecular modeling studies support the experimental observations by unraveling the dual binding mode of ligands by exploiting the top and bottom quartets of a G‐quadruplex structure. This study underscores the potential of the indenopyrimidine scaffold, which can be used to achieve specific G‐quadruplex‐mediated anticancer activity.
Crossing the Boundaries of Privacy in Accidental Encounters: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Therapists' Experiences
Authors: Pietkiewicz Igor J. , Włodarczyk Monika
Published: October 2014

This qualitative study explores psychodynamic therapists' experiences associated with unexpected encounters with their patients outside the clinical setting. Information was collected using a semi‐structured interview protocol from 10 experienced practitioners in Poland and examined according to the interpretative phenomenological analysis principles. Four overarching themes are discussed in the paper. Results show that accidental encounters often challenged practitioners' privacy, led to involuntary self‐disclosure (causing discomfort and distress) and required re‐negotiating roles and boundaries in the new context. Various coping strategies were also identified and analysed, including withdrawal, anticipation and avoidance, as well as using community support. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for mental health professionals and psychotherapy training. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

All people manage their boundaries of privacy. Therapists should thoroughly consider circumstances, and personal or situational risk factors, which lead to crossing or violating these boundaries. They need to reflect upon the social and personal limitations associated with their occupation and the price they have to pay for the high status role.
Perfluorinated Ionomer‐Enveloped Sulfur Cathodes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Song Jongchan , Choo Min‐Ju , Noh Hyungjun , Park Jung‐Ki , Kim Hee‐Tak
Published: October 2014

Nafion is known to suppress the polysulfide (PS) shuttle effect, a major obstacle to achieving high capacity and long cycle life for lithium–sulfur batteries. However, elaborate control of the layer’s configuration is required for high performance. In this regard, we designed a Nafion‐enveloped sulfur cathode, where the Nafion layer is formed on the skin of the cathode, covering its surface and edge while not restricting the porosity. Discharge capacity and efficiency were enhanced with the enveloping configuration, demonstrating suppression of shuttle. The edge protection exhibited better cycling stability than an edge‐open configuration. In the absence of the Nafion envelope, charged sulfur concentrated on the top region of the cathode because of the relatively lower PS concentration at the cathode surface. Surprisingly, for the Nafion‐enveloped cathode, sulfur was evenly distributed along the cathode, indicating that the configuration imparts a uniform PS concentration within the cathode.
Theory on resistance of m × n cobweb network and its application
Authors: Tan Zhi‐Zhong
Published: October 2014

A basic theorem of equivalent resistance between two arbitrary nodes in an m × n cobweb network in both finite and infinite conditions is discovered, and two conjectures on the equivalent resistance are proved in terms of the basic theorem. We built a tridiagonal matrix equation by means of network analysis and made a diagonalization method of matrix transformation and work out its explicit expressions. The new formulae obtained here can be effectively applied in complex impedance network, especially the formulation leads to the occurrence of resonances and a series of novel results in RLC (denote resistor, inductance and capacitance) network. These curious results suggest the possibility of practical applications to resonant circuits. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second order mem‐circuits
Authors: Riaza Ricardo
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy of so‐called second‐order memory devices, which include charge‐controlled memcapacitors and flux‐controlled meminductors, among other novel circuit elements. These devices, which are classified according to their differential and state orders, are necessary to get a complete extension of the family of classical nonlinear circuit elements (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) for all possible controlling variables. Using a fully nonlinear formalism, we obtain nondegeneracy conditions for a broad class of second‐order mem‐circuits. This class of circuits is expected to yield a rich dynamic behavior; in this regard, we explore certain bifurcation phenomena exhibited by a family of circuits including a charge‐controlled memcapacitor and a flux‐controlled meminductor, providing some directions for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.