bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lugares de memoria y represión en México: Tlatelolco, Campo Militar Número 1, Lecumberri
Authors: Mendoza García Jorge
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo da cuenta de tres marcos sociales de la memoria colectiva en México. Dichos marcos contienen eventos significativos para un grupo o sociedad. En ellos se significan experiencias pretéritas, y en exploración se narran y recuperan dichos significados. En los tres espacios ocurrieron eventos y vivencias trágicas y dolorosas. El primero, la Plaza de la Tres Culturas, Tlatelolco, sitio de la masacre estudiantil de 1968. El segundo, el Campo Militar Número 1, que, además de ser una instalación castrense, se convirtió en la mayor cárcel clandestina, donde llegaron decenas de estudiantes y guerrilleros. El tercero, El Palacio Negro, Lecumberri, cárcel donde fueron a parar algunos de los detenidos de 1968. Estos tres emplazamientos albergan una memoria colectiva de la represión. Tlatelolco, porque ahí se registra una masacre, la más cruenta en el pasado reciente. En el Campo Militar Número 1 se pierden los pasos de quienes después serán desaparecidos. Lecumberri, porque fue una prisión donde se recluyó a presos políticos y les dieron un cruel trato. Explorar estos tres sitios posibilita tener otra mirada del siglo XX mexicano.
Time’s Up, celebrities and the transformation of gender violence paradigms: The case of Oprah Winfrey’s Speech at the Golden Globes (2018)
Authors: Maseda García Rebeca , Gómez Nicolau Emma
Published: December 2018

In this paper we assess to what extent Oprah Winfrey’s speech during the Golden Globes 2018, situated in the new context of the #MeToo movement and the Time’s Up initiative, destabilizes the modes of recognition of gender violence, offering an example of the operationalization of the concept of ‘ethical witnessing’ in communication media brought about by celebrities. In order to do so we consider the connections she establishes between the fight for rights and other fights for recognition, redistribution and participation; the degree of transgression of the reified models of identification of the subjectvictim and the focus on the capacity of agency; and the type of relationship that develops between the subject who gives testimony and the witness. The paper concludes that Oprah’s intersectional approach to gender violence, her focus on agency and resistance (verging on heroism), her role as both witness of her own victimization and facilitator of others’ testimonies, and her activism and inspiration for others to engage socially and politically, comes close to transgressing the boundaries of the current mode of recognition and representation of gender violence. Nevertheless, the widely accepted image of Oprah as an authority assumes a hierarchical relation that contravenes an ethical dimension of witnessing. In addition, in line with a liberal position, Oprah reimagines the ‘good victim’ as an empowered individual who overcomes vulnerability, and she envisions the eradication of gender inequality as something that comes from the top down.
Melissa Network un espacio material y simbólico donde las narrativas de las mujeres migrantes y refugiadas se convierten en actos de resistencia y emancipación.
Authors: Borja Gonzalo Andrea
Published: December 2018

El artículo propuesto busca describir y analizar el proceso organizativo de la red de mujeres migrantes y refugiadas en Grecia, Melissa Network (MN), así como los procesos de las asociaciones que la conforman. Su premisa es mostrar a las mujeres como agentes de cambio, en contraste con el discurso hegemónico, propio del sector humanitario, que insiste en presentarlas como víctimas y sujetos pasivos receptores de violencia. Se describe el momento de los procesos en tres niveles: el individual de las mujeres que han llegado a Grecia en los últimos tres años en busca de asilo, el grupal/ asociativo de las que llevan más tiempo en el país de acogida y, finalmente, el de la propia red. En este último se apoya a las recién llegadas y en proceso de organización, y la red hace las veces de paraguas, ofreciendo la estructura y las bases para el desarrollo de la comunidad. De este modo, las mujeres unidas generan estrategias de resistencia y acción directa, en cuyas narrativas se aprecian capacidades y actos de subversión y cambio.
Análise do merchandising social e gênero no discurso transmídia do tráfico de pessoas em Salve Jorge
Authors: Alves Denise Avancini , Weber Maria Helena
Published: December 2018

O artigo analisa a abordagem do tráfico de pessoas em espaços de entretenimento da televisão brasileira, especificamente, na telenovela Salve Jorge (exibida pela Rede Globo entre outubro/2012 e maio/2013) e em sua extensão transmidiática. A inclusão de temas sociais nas tramas das telenovelas é reconhecida como merchandising social e, ao dramatizá-los, os coloca num espaço privilegiado de visibilidade e de audiência. Para além de dar luz ao tema de interesse público, a narrativa da telenovela tipifica o gênero feminino na lógica do tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual. O estudo analisa a presença do gênero feminino no discurso do tráfico em Salve Jorge. Utiliza como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Fairclough (2001), que apresenta a tridimensionalidade analítica de texto, das práticas discursivas e sociais, preocupando-se com as relações de poder no discurso e a análise do contexto. O que se percebe é que há uma evidência do poder da dramaturgia ao tratar temas de interesse público, porém há uma ótica parcial, dirigida e pautada pela lógica do gênero feminino explorado na narrativa própria da ficção. Há um reforço da objetificação da mulher e de sua exploração no tráfico de pessoas de ordem sexual. Ainda que haja uma sinalização possível de outros públicos sociais (como os travestis), a mulher e a mercantilização do seu corpo se destacam nas cenas e na lógica narrativa, tanto na telenovela como nas derivações de peças de comunicação publicizadas na web pela emissora.
Usos y valoración de Facebook como herramienta para la lucha contra la violencia de género en México
Authors: Navarro Celina , Martínez García Luisa , Vialás Fernández Simón
Published: December 2018

La violencia de género es un problema global pero con realidades más cruentas en ciertas regiones y países. Este es el caso de México en el que mueren 7 mujeres cada día. Ante este escenario y como respuesta a la incapacidad gubernamental para resolver esta violación constante a los derechos humanos de las mujeres en los últimos años se han realizado diferentes acciones de lucha política para erradicar esta violencia. En algunos casos dinamizadas por las instituciones gubernamentales y mayoritariamente desde la sociedad civil organizada. Partiendo de la concepción de que Internet y las redes sociales son herramientas fundamentales del activismo y de la lucha feminista del siglo XXI, este estudio tiene como objetivo, desde una perspectiva crítica, analizar el uso y valoración que hacen de Facebook las asociaciones que luchan contra la violencia de género en México. A través de una metodología cuantitativa hemos obtenido un mapa descriptivo de las páginas activas de Facebook sobre esta temática. Con la parte cualitativa, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a asociaciones de activistas que usan la red social, hemos identificado las dinámicas de apropiación y usos de la plataforma. Nuestros resultados indican que las entidades usan Facebook de una forma poco crítica pero consiguen tener impacto contra la lucha de género ya que se convierte en una plataforma que crea una noción de sororidad y es percibida como asequible y cercana donde las mujeres se sienten seguras para denunciar casos de violencia.
Andrea. Red de confianza, acompañamiento y acción contra la violencia machista.
Authors: Claramonte Arrufat Jordi , Gutiérrez Vázquez Lucía
Published: December 2018

Andrea es un proyecto para construir redes de confianza, acompañamiento y acción para mujeres amenazadas por la violencia machista. Una plataforma que se plantea como una manera de facilitar que todas y cada una de las personas que queremos implicarnos contra las violencias machistas podamos hacer algo significativo. Auto-organizándonos, formándonos cuando sea preciso y atendiendo los problemas de manera directa, sin tener que depender de las determinaciones de las vías jurídicas, policiales y administrativas cuyas insuficiencias y contra-productividades se han hecho dolorosamente evidentes. Una red de apoyo permanente, que se posiciona ante un problema que nos toca a todas y todos.
Reseña/ Review (Berzosa, Millán I. "Youtubers y otras especies", Barcelona/Madrid: Ariel y Fundación Telefónica, ISBN: 8408174711, 192 págs. 2017)
Authors: Conde Melguizo Rafael
Published: December 2018

Reseña/ Review (Berzosa, Millán I. "Youtubers y otras especies", Barcelona/Madrid: Ariel y Fundación Telefónica, ISBN: 8408174711, 192 págs. 2017)
Gender-Role Stereotypes: Perception of Tunisian Leaders
Authors: Khanche Hanen , Ben Kahla Karim
Published: December 2018

The objective of this paper is to report on the problem of the glass ceiling in Tunisian companies. First, by recalling on the basis of statistical findings the situation of women at work, and then highlighting the main results of the surveys carried out in Tunisia on the question, and finally by highlighting some prospects for the strategies envisaged to go beyond The glass ceiling.While organizations are places of meritocratic recognition in which more and more women graduate into skilled occupations, they are also places where informal, often unequal power relationships are built that determine access to decision-making positions. Women are becoming increasingly scarce as they rise in the hierarchy and remain a minority in high-level decision-making and accountability positions. They have less access to hierarchical positions (Ben Hassine, 2007). They are often limited to administrative or relational activities (Gadéa, 2003). Thus, in the private sector, out of 30 large Tunisian companies, only 4 of them have a woman on their works council (GIZ, 2013).The identification of the different factors involved in the glass ceiling also raises questions about the behaviors and strategies developed in the context of organizational contexts reproducing the male career model, as well as the diversity of these behaviors. This study also allows us to consider changes and strategies of change in career development and women's access to decision-making positions that will push the boundaries.
The Role of Individual Absorptive Capacity, Subjective-Wellbeing and Cultural Fit in Predicting International Student’s Academic Achievement and Novelty in China
Authors: Teye Emmanuel Tetteh , Tetteh Alexander Narh , Teye Abraham , Ntim Seth Yeboah , Abosi Beatrice Ayerakwa , Rufai Olayemi Hafeez , He Qian
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the role of cognitive-(absorptive capacity), psychological-(subjective-wellbeing) and cultural-fit-factors as predictors of academic achievement-novelty in a Chinese-C9-league-University. We addressed the question of what drive student’s achievement of high graduations requirements and innovativeness in their Host-University; focusing mainly on whether interactionistic-nature-(fit-capabilities) are better mechanisms. The quantitative approach was adopted; collect 234 valid data via survey questionnaire, and conduct analysis via structural equation modeling technique. We found that individual-absorptive-capacity has significant effect on supervisor-fit, but a non-significant effect on university-fit dimensions of cultural-fit. Subjective-wellbeing significantly affects both dimensions of cultural-fit. The findings further show how supervisor-fit and university-fit indirectly mediate the (absorptive-capacity, subjective-wellbeing)-achievement-novelty relationship. We highlight the importance of cultural-diversity-awareness; considering supervisor-institutional-fit-factors in research-mentorship-development to support international-students ‘induction for research productivity in educational-settings.
Undergraduate research in nursing and health sciences: Curriculum design from first principles
Authors: Bradbury Joanne
Published: December 2018

Background/Objective: Multidisciplinary learning within the framework of undergraduate education has recently been recognised as essential in developing an integrated and resilient healthcare system for the future. This inquiry seeks to derive common learning outcomes for a new multidisciplinary foundation research methods unit for undergraduate health sciences students. Methods: An outcomes-based design was used to determine the learning outcomes from first principles. All academics across multiple health disciplines at a regional university in Australia were invited to a series of meetings to brainstorm a set of common graduate capabilities and the scaffolds required to achieve them. Meetings were carefully documented and agreed to by consensus after member checking. A thematic analysis was undertaken to identify emergent themes. The capabilities themes were checked for alignment with the institutional graduate attributes and the thresholds of learning outcomes (TLOs) set out by the Australian Government Office of Learning and Teaching.Results: Three broad theoretical constructs emerged from the thematic analysis for the graduate capabilities: (i) health practitioners as evidence consumers (i.e. knowledge translation); (ii) health practitioners as evidence producers, (i.e. knowledge creation) and; (iii) ethical practice.Conclusions: This study derived a set of learning outcomes from first principles, while applying an outcomes-based curriculum design methodology. This may be a useful approach for finding common learning outcomes within a multidisciplinary health educational framework. Such structures and processes may not only help to provide students with a solid foundation for learning content that they have in common with other disciplines, but may also to facilitate interprofessional communication in future practice.
Chief urology resident management of the urinary tract in stable patients with high spinal cord injuries — survey results and applications in the era of Competence by Design
Authors: Wilson James , Lusty Avril
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The urologist’s role in the management of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is to prevent upper tract damage and renal failure while facilitating acceptable means for urine elimination. Residency provides the framework to manage SCI patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the surveillance practices of chief urology residents in high SCI patients (T4/5 and above) and their confidence in managing this patient population.Methods: A 14-question survey was administered at the Canadian chief resident preparation examination in 2017. Questionnaire domains included: visit frequency, imaging modality, laboratory testing, and procedures related to upper and lower tract surveillance.Results: All 33 candidates completed the questionnaire. Chief residents encountered high SCI patients in either diverse clinical settings (48%) or solely as hospital inpatients (33%). Candidates had similar surveillance algorithms for stable high SCI patients. Responses for surveillance cystoscopy in stable high SCI patients varied. When asked how comfortable residents were managing high SCI patients, 42% responded they were comfortable, while the rest responded neutral, uncomfortable, or very uncomfortable.Conclusions: Most chief residents made similar surveillance decisions for high SCI patients. Residents did differ on the frequency of cystoscopy and how comfortable they were managing this patient population. In the era of competence by design, this information can be used to highlight training opportunities.
On the occasion of 85th birthday of Prof. Sadık Kakaç
Authors: KUDDUSİ Lütfullah
Published: December 2018

On the occasion of 85th birthday of Prof. Sadık Kakaç
From Patinir’s Workshop to the Monastery of Pedralbes. A Virgin and Child in a Landscape
Authors: Cornudella Rafael
Published: December 2018

Among the paintings of netherlandish origin imported into Catalonia during the first half of the 16th century, preserved at the Monastery of Pedralbes, there is a small panel featuring the Madonna and Child in a landscape which is attributed here to Patinir’s workshop, not excluding the possibility of some autograph intervention by the master. Whatever the case, this article sets out to situate the piece both in the context of its production and in that of its reception, that is, the community of nuns of Saint Claire of Pedralbes. What is interesting about this apparently modest work is the fact that it combines a set of ingredients typical of Patinir in a composition that is otherwise atypical as regards his known output as a whole, above all in terms of the relationship between the figure and the landscape, although also of its presumed iconographic simplicity. The final section of the article examines the piece in relation to the ever-controversial issue –which still remains to be definitively resolved– of the authorship of the figures in the works of Patinir.
Europa y el barroco por los viejos caminos de la unidad
Authors: García-Montón González Patricia
Published: December 2018

En 1957, Europa vivió un momento clave en el proceso de su unificación, y qué mejor forma de celebrarlo, se pensó, que con una exposición a la moda, Il Seicento europeo, que, bajo las alas del Consejo de Europa, marcó una nueva dimensión geográfica en la historiografía, a pesar de la controversia en torno a lo barroco y sus redefiniciones por las sensibilidades identitarias. Razones más políticas que artísticas que, por las mismas fechas, en un año fundamental en la historia del bloque oriental, el de 1956, movieron al Museo Nacional de Varsovia a organizar exposiciones sobre la pintura europea occidental. Exposiciones que, frente a las que se habían venido celebrando durante el estalinismo, buscaron socavar las fronteras este-oeste, con su consecuente proyección en el imaginario colectivo.La diplomacia del arte se convirtió, por tanto, en un actor protagonista de la política exterior europea en los comienzos de la Guerra Fría. Fue entonces cuando se avanzó más que nunca hacia un diseño global de un supuesto acervo cultural común, y el arte de los maestros antiguos tuvo un papel protagonista. Se tejieron nuevas redes en la historiografía que contribuyeron a un conocimiento transnacional que minó el telón de acero y renovó la narrativa europea, y el barroco jugó muy bien sus cartas en este escenario internacional de historias interconectadas.
La tapicería de la expulsión de los moriscos. Un proyecto frustrado de Rodrigo Calderón
Authors: Gil Saura Yolanda
Published: December 2018

El artículo pone en relación la serie ya conocida de pinturas titulada «La expulsión de los moriscos del Reino de Valencia» con una documentación inédita de un encargo realizado por Rodrigo Calderón al virrey de Valencia, marqués de Caracena, que incluía, además de la narración de la expulsión, una vista de la ciudad de Valencia y retratos de los protagonistas, y que debía convertirse en una colección de tapices nunca realizada.
El Arxiu Mas de Barcelona. El ojo, la cámara y el arte español
Authors: Perrotta Carmen
Published: December 2018

Desde la aparición del daguerrotipo, los fotógrafos de bienes artísticos se fueron situando, progresivamente, entre los agentes necesarios en el proceso de construcción de los nuevos inventarios gráficos destinados al sector de los estudios patrimoniales. La entrada de Adolf Mas Ginestà en el gremio fotográfico marcó el comienzo de una nueva etapa para este tipo de fotografía en España, lo que dio lugar a la construcción de un nuevo relato (fotográfico) sobre el patrimonio peninsular. Sin embargo, la importancia del legado del Arxiu Mas no reside únicamente en su inestimable fondo fotográfico, sino que se materializa también en su vanguardista sistema archivístico, basado en fichas gráficas, y en su extenso fondo documental. El presente artículo —fruto de la reciente tesis doctoral gracias a la cual se ha llevado a cabo una reconstrucción biográfica completa del fotógrafo y su establecimiento— pretende aproximar al lector a la historia de este importante estudio fotográfico, centrándonos en sus características más notables, en su especialización, en su sistema de documentación y, finalmente, en su relación con algunos artistas contemporáneos que crearon interesantes logotipos que se convirtieron en elementos representativos de la empresa fotográfica.
An exploration of the concept and operationalization of resilience in medicine
Authors: Van Hoogstraten Lisa M.C. , Gijzel Sanne M.W. , Melis René
Published: December 2018

Rationale: Resilience is a relatively new concept in medicine and, more specifically, it is new in geriatrics. It suits the new definition of health as introduced by Machteld Huber. However, resilience still needs a suitable, operationalizable definition for the field of geriatrics, given that it is still an emerging theme in medicine.Resilience in different disciplines: Investigation of the concept of resilience in mechanics, ecology, psychology and sociology shows that resilience is mostly considered as a dynamic, multidimensional and scalable concept. As such it may also apply to the field of medicine and potentially also to the field of geriatrics. However, the idea of resilience is still evolving. Therefore, time is needed to develop a common understanding of the concept. When this understanding is enhanced, operationalization is of great importance. Current operationalization in these disciplines varies from questionnaires to establish (static) characteristics defining a state that is prognostic for the resilience to be shown when perturbated to stress-tests, to mathematical indicators which evaluate the dynamic response or behavior of the system to (standardized) perturbations.Discussion: All measurements for operationalization are indicators of resilience and do therefore not directly measure resilience (if this is indeed possible). In addition, there is not only one concept of resilience. Resilience can be considered objectively as a systems characteristic, or subjectively, for example by gestalt. These different approaches cause a gap between the concepts and different operationalizations, which makes it difficult to operationalize the (general) concept of resilience.Implications and recommendations: Over time, resilience can potentially be measured by the use of new measurements, longitudinal data and wearables. For implementation in the clinic, validation of the measures is key. In addition, qualitative research on how the elderly experience, or would describe, resilience is recommended, in order to gain a better understanding about the concept. Then, there can be thought of intervening in resilience, especially in patients who face transition to another state of health.
Impact of prior pregnancy loss or pre-term delivery on attitudes toward exercise in pregnancy
Authors: Allen Jay-Sheree , Meade Brooke , Meunier Matthew R , Jenkins Sarah , Borowski Kristi , Angstman Kurt B
Published: December 2018

Background: Exercise during pregnancy has minimal risks and has been shown to benefit most women, including reduction in cesarean section rates, appropriate maternal and fetal weight gain managing gestational diabetes as well as preventing and treating antenatal depression. There are, however, multiple factors that may influence an expectant mother’s decision to engage in physical activity, including concerns for potentially harming the baby or the pregnancy. We designed a study to determine whether or not a prior pregnancy loss or pre-term delivery would increase an expectant mother’s concern about exercise during a current pregnancy.Methods: Our prospective survey study consisted of 572 obstetric patients, 173 (30.2%) had a history of prior pregnancy loss or pre-term delivery (PPLPT) compared to 399 (69.8%) with no history of a prior pregnancy loss (NPL).Results: Logistic regression modeling was performed, including the following variables: history of abortion, miscarriage, or pregnancy loss, age, pre-pregnancy BMI, typical weekly pre-pregnancy exercise minutes, physical wellbeing and emotional wellbeing. Patients in the PPLPT group were more likely to express a fear of hurting the baby as a barrier to exercise during pregnancy, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.358 (95% CI 1.111-3.852, p<0.001).Conclusions: Pregnant women who have experienced prior pregnancy loss or pre-term delivery were associated with a significantly higher endorsement of concern that exercise could harm their current pregnancy. This was despite their acknowledgement that exercise is considered safe and encouraged for pregnancies. An awareness of this concern will allow the clinicians who care for these patients to consider additional discussion regarding exercise in pregnancy.
A nurse-led telephone screening initiative to identify low-risk elective orthopaedic surgery patients to improve pre-anesthesia clinic efficiency
Authors: Barlow Greer L , McIltrot Kimberley , Stevens Zeina Khouri , Sunbul Hala
Published: December 2018

Rationale, aims, and objectives: All patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery are seen by an anaesthesiologist routinely in the pre-anesthesia clinic as part of their standard pre-operative evaluation. This study aimed to assess the potential to reduce the number of elective orthopaedic surgery patients seen in the pre-anesthesia clinic, using a registered nurse (RN)-led pre-operative process to identify low-risk patients as part of a sensitive, individualized and caring approach.Method: This quality improvement study was performed across the orthopaedic services outpatient population, in a tertiary healthcare centre in Saudi Arabia. A simple ‘yes/no’ questionnaire was developed and utilized over a 3-month period to identify the low-risk adult patient population and determine if a pre-anesthesia clinic visit was necessary.Results: Among a sample of 193 patients, 36 (18.7%) were assessed as healthy and did not require an anaesthesiologist evaluation in the pre-anesthesia clinic.Conclusions: All elective orthopaedic surgery patients do not require a routine pre-anesthesia visit prior to their surgery. Pre-operative care should be tailored to the needs of each individual patient. This study demonstrates how an RN can improve the utilization of the pre-anesthesia clinic by using a validated screening tool and reduce the number of pre-anesthesia visits in the interests of individual patients and health services efficiency.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Spanish Version of the SF-12v2 in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members
Authors: Hu Jie , McCoy Thomas P , Zhan Fei , Wallace Debra C , Coley Sheryl L , Amirehsani Karen A
Published: December 2018

Background: The SF-12 has been used to measure health-related quality of life in populations with various health conditions. However, few studies have examined the conceptual equivalence and psychometric properties of the SF-12 in Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the SF-12v2® in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members.Methods: Data were collected as part of an intervention study for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members. Participants (N=182) were recruited from clinics and communities in the Southeastern U.S. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Reliability and validity were assessed using composite reliability, principal components analysis and known-groups comparisons.Results: The reliability of the physical and mental component summaries was adequate. Known-groups comparisons revealed lower average health-related quality of life for every subscale of the Spanish version of SF-12v2® as well as for the 2 component summaries. Factorial validity was supported for the 8 subscale structure but less so for the 2 component summaries.Conclusion: The Spanish version of the SF-12v2® showed good reliability and validity. Healthcare providers can use the SF-12v2® to measure health-related quality of life in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members.
Lessons learned from founding a rare disease patient organization for hereditary angioedema in Japan: moving from a paternalistic to a power-sharing model of the physician-patient relationship
Authors: Yamamoto Beverley Anne , Kitano Naomi
Published: December 2018

Objective: To describe our personal experience of the potential of a rare disease patient organization for fostering patient autonomy and creating a space for the practice of power sharing between physicians and patients.Methods: Using self-reflection and personal autobiographical experience while drawing on the conceptual framework of patient-centredness, we critically reflect on and formulate lessons from our experiences as a patient/researcher and physician/researcher active in a rare disease patient organization for hereditary angioedema established in Japan in 2013. Results: We identified multiple ways in which patient advocacy meetings shifted the patient-physician relationship to one of sharing power and responsibility. Appearing without his or her symbolic white coat, the physician is transformed into a person. In the context of shared group activities, the patient emerges as a person and one who is increasingly an informed and informing actor.Conclusion: A dedicated rare disease patient organization has the potential to function as a catalyst for moving from a paternalistic to a power-sharing model of the patient-physician relationship. It can act as a transformative resource for all key actors.Practice implications: The patient organization potentially reduces formal barriers and allows for the practice of effective patient-physician interactions, even in a cultural setting where paternalism generally shapes relationships. This can build social capital for both patient and physician.
Identifying priorities for improvement of the quality of personal care in patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Foley Kimberley A , Groome Patti A , Peng Yingwei , Feldman-Stewart Deb , Brundage Michael D , Mackillop William J
Published: December 2018

Background: We previously developed a questionnaire to assess the quality of personal care in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Patients are asked to rate the importance of 143 elements of their care and to rate the quality of their care for each element. In order to improve the quality of care delivered to patients, the elements of care most in need of improvement must be identified.Objective: To develop a method of integrating ratings of importance and ratings of quality to identify elements of care that should become targets for quality improvement.Methods: We surveyed 108 patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer. We developed 3 methods to identify elements of care to target for quality improvement that were important to the patient(s) and suboptimal in quality. Spearman correlation was used to compare ranking of priorities across all 3 methods. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the statistical ability of the methods to discriminate between priorities for quality improvement.Results: Integrating importance and quality ratings identified different priorities than using quality ratings alone. Two of the integrated methods identified priorities for quality improvement and their ranks similarly (r=0.91, p<0.0001). All methods identified elements related to communication of information about the disease and its treatment as priorities.Conclusions: Two methods produced similar results although one is easier to understand and theoretically superior since the ratings for importance and quality are linked for each individual. Further consultation with stakeholders will determine how to use these results as part of a quality improvement program.
Cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool (SMAT) for assessing and optimizing medication therapy management of older people
Authors: Advinha Ana Margarida , De Barros Carla Teixeria , Guerreiro Maria Pereira , Nunes Carla , Lopes Manuel José , De Oliveira-Martins Sofia
Published: December 2018

Background, rationale and objectives: The assessment of medication management ability in the elderly can be performed using specific tools, such as the Self-Medication Assessment Tool, which considers real and simulated regimens. The objective of this study was to perform the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool to European Portuguese and determine its psychometric properties.Methods: The adaptation commenced with the translation/back translation cycle completed by 4 independent bilingual experts. The cultural component was accomplished through an external expert meeting and a longitudinal screening of concepts and construct. The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 Portuguese community-dwelling elders. Descriptive data, correlations, internal reliability, response consistency and exploratory factor analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics (v22).Results: The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 community-dwelling elders: 112 (74.7%) participants were women; mean age was 74.73 ± 6.43 years. The Self-Medication Assessment Tool (Portuguese version) standard regimen (simulated medication regimen) mean scores were 20.92 ± 6.83 in functional ability and 38.75 ± 5.92 in cognitive ability; the real regimen (medication taken by the elderly) mean scores were 83.74 ± 15.86 in medication recall, 96.96 ± 11.39 in adherence self-report and 4.82 ± 10.1 in intentional non-adherence. Cronbach's α were 0.87 (functional ability), 0.84 (cognitive ability), 0.57 (medication recall), 0.94 (adherence self-report) and 0.79 (intentional non-adherence). The response consistency between test and re-test was verified.Conclusions: We have developed the European Portuguese version of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool with acceptable psychometric properties which can now be employed in the study of the elderly in clinical and research contexts.
Limity inkluze ve vzdělávání romských dětí v České republice: boj o identitu žáka
Authors: Kohout-Diaz Magdalena , Bittnerová Dana , Levínská Markéta
Published: December 2018

Tématem textu jsou limity inkluze ve vzdělávání romských dětí v rámci českého školství. V první části se text zaměřuje na vymezení inkluze. Vychází z definice UNESCO a charakterizuje ideový vývoj pedagogického přístupu k lidem, kteří jsou označeni jako ti, kteří potřebují podporu při vzdělávání. Následuje deskripce problematiky vzdělávání Romů v České republice a pohled na vybrané strategie a na opatření, jejichž cílem byla podpora rovného přístupu ve vzdělávání. Cílem výzkumné části je prostřednictvím analýzy výsledků výzkumů najít limity inkluze ve vzdělávání romské minority. Metodologicky příspěvek vychází z Glaserova přístupu k zakotvené teorii, z postupů školní etnografie, z teorie kulturních modelů, která navazuje na kognitivní antropologii. Glaser tvrdí, že při hledání teorie lze považovat všechny informace za data. Na základě uvedeného tvrzení byla provedena analýza a konceptualizace dat z vlastních etnografických výzkumů týmu Bittnerová, Doubek, Levínská, byly diskutovány studentské závěrečné práce a vědecké výstupy dalších badatelů v oblasti vzdělávání minorit. V textu je ukázáno, co se děje, když do vzdělávacího systému vstupuje romský žák, jak na něj reaguje školní prostředí a jak romské děti a rodiče vyjednávají s institucí školy a jejími aktéry. Dospíváme k závěru, že jádrovou kategorií v uvažování o inkluzi Romů je IDENTITA ŽÁKA. Důležité je, aby romskému dítěti nebyla upírána, aby byl identifikován jako žák, nikoliv jako Rom. Proces identifikace se musí odehrávat nejen na úrovni školy, ale také v rodině a ve vztahu k sobě. Inkluze romského žáka by měla spočívat v přiznávání identity žáka a její zvnitřnění dítětem i rodiči.
„Koukala jsem na to, jak si hrajou a mluví na sebe řečí, kterou vůbec nevnímám“: Jinakost u dětí s migrační zkušeností
Authors: Kabancová Naďa , Machovcová Kateřina
Published: December 2018

V článku si klademe za cíl předložit zkušenosti žáků a žákyň s vnímáním vlastní jinakosti ve školní třídě. Konkrétně se zaměříme na porozumění zkušeností 1,5 generace mladých imigrantů z Ukrajiny. Naši respondenti, v současné době mladí dospělí, se v rozhovorech zabývají svou zkušeností se začleňováním do české společnosti. Pro předkládaný článek se soustředíme na období mladšího školního věku. Výzkum vycházel z provedení rozhovorů se čtyřmi respondenty, jimiž byly mladé osoby ve věku 24–29 let žijící v České republice, které se do České republiky přistěhovaly z Ukrajiny ve věku od šesti do devíti let. Rozhovory byly zpracovány pomocí tematické analýzy (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Cílem předkládaného textu je detailní analýza toho, jak vnímali sekundární školní socializaci s důrazem na utváření jinakosti a stejnosti ve vrstevnickém kolektivu. Analýza vybraného období koresponduje s časovou osou postupného začleňování do české společnosti od prvotního „nárazu“ po zvládnutí a vyrovnání se s nároky osobní situace. Zaměříme se na identifikované aspekty tohoto procesu a strategie zvládání. Bohatá data získaná z rozhovorů ukazují, jakým způsobem v konstrukci jinakosti působí (ne)znalost jazyka a jaké emočně náročné zážitky spojené s vyloučením z kolektivu a izolací s sebou nese období potřebné pro zvládnutí místní řeči, u našich respondentů poměrně krátké. Ve školní třídě byly tyto děti často terčem posměchu, dokonce se objevovaly i narážky týkající se jejich inteligence – právě z důvodu nedokonalé znalosti jazyka. Rozhovory poukazují na to, že s touto skutečností nijak nepracovali učitelé, kteří by jinak mohli negativní vývoj alespoň zmírnit, ne-li mu zcela předejít. Po osvojení jazyka už bylo pro tyto děti navazování vztahů lépe realizovatelné. Pozorujeme snahu zdůrazňovat stejnost s majoritou a paralelně strategii začlenění skrze repertoár vlastních kvalit. Jako nejúspěšnější a v zásadě očekávaná se v českém školství jeví strategie asimilace, tedy splynutí s většinou (Berry et al., 2002). Neustálé přizpůsobování a adaptování se tak stává u dětí migrantů jakýmsi základem fungování v každodenních interakcích.
Vnímání jinakosti dětmi na prvním stupni základních škol
Authors: Vítečková Miluše , Procházka Miroslav , Najmonová Marie
Published: December 2018

Cílem článku je představit vnímání jinakosti dětmi na 1. stupni základní školy na základě využití podnětů z práce s příběhem v hodině českého jazyka. Příspěvek lze také vnímat jako podklad pro výukovou praxi a jako příklad toho, jak pracovat s tématy jinakosti a odlišnosti na 1. stupni základní školy. Text obsahuje výsledky výzkumného šetření realizovaného ve 12 třídách 1. stupně základních škol (3.–5. třídy). Jde o analýzu videozáznamů 12 vyučovacích hodin, verbálních projevů žáků, jejich transkriptů, a to v průběhu celé vyučovací jednotky, v níž děti pod vedením učitelky pracují s uceleným didaktickým materiálem. Dětem jsou kladeny otázky týkající se jejich nazírání na odlišnost, a to v kontextu obsahu příběhu. Text podstatou svého příběhu dává prostor pro vyjádření pocitů spojených s odlišností, vytváří podněty pro argumentaci postojů orientovaných k chování se v situaci nepřijetí okolím. Výzkumné šetření se zaměřuje na tyto otázky: jak žáci 1. stupně vnímají odlišnost, jakou mají subjektivní zkušenost s odlišností, jaké jsou jejich návrhy řešení situace v případě nepřijetí okolím, jaký je jejich pohled na druhé nepřijímající odlišnost. Vzhledem k tomu, že jde při práci s konkrétním textem i o čtení s předvídáním, je dalším analyzovaným tématem navrhované dokončení příběhu. Z výsledků výzkumného šetření vyplynulo, že žáci na 1. stupni přijímají odlišnost bez větších problémů, spíše se hůře vyrovnávají s nespravedlností. V situacích, kdy se sami setkávají s nepřijetím, výzkum naznačuje, že i přes prožívané obtíže v kolektivu žáci preferují setrvání v prostředí, které znají.
Žákovské hodnocení výuky na gymnáziu: Výpovědi sexty A
Authors: Čejková Ingrid
Published: December 2018

Cílem předloženého textu je prostřednictvím kvalitativního výzkumného šetření zjistit, jak žáci gymnázia hodnotí výuku jednotlivých vyučovacích předmětů, a také načrtnout, zda žákovské hodnocení výuky může disponovat hybnou silou umožňující žákům ovlivňovat podobu výuky směrem k vyšší efektivitě a kvalitě. Tato problematika byla zkoumána za pomoci zúčastněného pozorování výuky a rozhovorů se žáky a vyučujícími jedné středoškolské třídy. Na základě analýzy získaných dat bylo zjištěno, že žáci jsou schopni hodnotit výuku z různých úhlů pohledu a brát při tom v potaz celou řadu prvků. Stěžejními prvky výuky, které žáci sledují, jsou například vlastnosti a jednání učitele, expertnost učitele, didaktické kompetence učitele a s tím související cíle, metody, efekty výuky atd. Žákovské hodnocení výuky je tedy výsledkem rozsáhlé analýzy jednotlivých prvků výuky a jejich opětovné syntézy, která ústí ve formulování finálního stanoviska.
Vliv nové podoby maturitní zkoušky z českého jazyka a literatury na vyučování ve výpovědích učitelů
Authors: Štěpáník Stanislav
Published: December 2018

Cílem této empirické studie je prozkoumat vliv nové podoby maturitní zkoušky z českého jazyka a literatury (ČJL) na vyučování ČJL ve střední škole. Metodou polostrukturovaného rozhovoru s šestnácti učiteli gymnázií a středních odborných škol jsme zkoumali (1) jak a v čem konkrétně ovlivňuje (na základě výpovědí učitelů) podoba maturitní zkoušky vyučování ČJL na střední škole; (2) jak učitelé ČJL maturitní zkoušku z ČJL hodnotí a jak toto jejich hodnocení souvisí s jejich přístupem k vyučování a přípravě na maturitní zkoušku. Z výsledků vyplývá, že nový maturitní model přinesl některé pozitivní změny, avšak v některých ohledech jde proti požadavkům současné didaktiky českého jazyka i didaktiky literatury a také cílům vzdělávání obecně deklarovaným pro současnou školu.
Konstruktivistické teorie učení a jejich využití v edukační realitě muzea
Authors: Kolaříková Veronika
Published: December 2018

Edukace je součástí nejen školního prostředí, ale i dalších institucí, mezi které se dnes výraznou měrou řadí muzea. Ta mohou edukovat a kultivovat své návštěvníky, přičemž vhodným ukotvením muzejně edukačních aktivit se zdají být konstruktivistické teorie učení. Ty vycházejí z konstruktivistického paradigmatu sociálních věd i myšlenek klasiků, jako je např. Dewey. Představení konstruktivistických teorií učení, jejich ukotvení v konstruktivistickém paradigmatu i jejich následná aplikace do prostředí muzea tvoří klíčovou osu i téma předkládané studie. Hlavním cílem studie ale není pouze představit konstruktivisticky orientovanou muzejní edukaci, ale především vymezit a definovat základní prvky konstruktivistických teorií učení, které mohou být využitelné (nejen) pro muzejně-edukační realitu, její praxi i následnou evaluaci.
Academic Staff Mobility in the Age of Trump and Brexit?
Authors: Leisyte Liudvika , Rose Anna-Lena
Published: December 2018

In times of increasing populism, nationalist tendencies, and strong public anti-immigration discourses, traditional patterns of international academic staff mobility come under question. Could this provide new opportunities for previously more disadvantaged, peripheral systems of higher education?
The American Academic Profession at Risk
Authors: Finkelstein Martin J.
Published: December 2018

The Faculty Factor (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016) creatively mines fresh—and heretofore unavailable—data sources to follow the fortunes of the American faculty through the lingering Great Global Recession of 2008. Building on The American Faculty (Johns Hopkins, 2006), Finkelstein and Schuster, now joined by Valerie Martin Conley, document the  emergence of a “new” model of academic work and careers in the United States built on an increasingly contingent, stratified academic workforce; the unbundling of the traditionally integrated role into specialist teaching, research and administrative roles, and the progressive yielding of faculty authority on campus, even in academic matters, to a growing core of full-time professional administrators. This volume includes two chapters that explicitly place the U.S. faculty in international perspective.
US Student Mobility Trends in a Global Context
Authors: Bhandari Rajika
Published: December 2018

Drawing upon current student mobility data, this article highlights five key developments in the field of international student mobility, with a particular focus on the United States. Trends related to specific international education initiatives are examined, as is the impact of a shifting political climate globally.
Twenty-first Century Mobility: The Role of International Faculty
Authors: Altbach Philip G. , Yudkevich Maria
Published: December 2018

International faculty are a growing phenomenon worldwide. This article analyzes the role of international faculty, the ways that international faculty are hired and promoted, and their role in the university and in terms of global mobility.
The Challenges of Creating a Ranking: A Colombian Example
Authors: Montes Felipe , Forero David , Salas Ricardo , Zarama Robert
Published: December 2018

In 2015, as members and advisors of the ministry of education of Colombia, the authors developed an academic ranking with a multidimensional approach (MIDE), with the objective of measuring the quality performance of higher education institutions. Throughout the course of design and implementation of the model, they had to overcome different challenges, from issues of information and choice of indicators to the actual process of disclosure to stakeholders. In this article, they present five main challenges that they faced and the solutions they adopted for the design and implementation of the ranking.
Higher Education Regionalization in East Asia
Authors: Choi Edward W.
Published: December 2018

While regional actors in the East Asian higher education sphere share a history of collaboration, they implement regionalization schemes largely based on different needs, goals, timetables, and customs. This piece presents a summary of key regionalization efforts and intitial indications for a path forward.
Requiem for a Dream: Academic Freedom under Threat in Democracies
Authors: Craciun Daniela , Mihut Georgiana
Published: December 2018

Academic freedom is both a core value and a governing principle of higher education institutions. However, more recently, governments in places generally deemed democratic have labeled universities as threats. The recent legislative change in Hungary represents a particularly worrying example.
Research: The “Lost Mission” of African Universities
Authors: Andoh Harris
Published: December 2018

The first universities in Africa were established with the triple mission of teaching,research, and community engagement. Yet, many university leaders hold the mistaken notion that theiruniversities have always been research universities. It is only over the last decadethat the research mission has emerged again as a key vision of African universities.
Another Missed Opportunity? Underfunding Australian Higher Education
Authors: Welch Anthony
Published: December 2018

In the context of a long period of underfunded highereducation in Australia, the latest federal budget will do nothing to address theproblem. While the worst elements of former proposals were averted, the shifting ofmore of the burden of repaying student loans on to students, as well as failing tofund the full costs of research, and, in addition, imposing further “‘efficiencydividends”’ on higher education institutions, will only add to institutionalpressures to diversify income, increasing international student fees.