bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing creative methodologies: using lyric writing to capture young peoples’ experiences of the youth offending services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wilkinson Dean , Price Jayne , Crossley Charlene
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 lockdowns (2020–2021) disrupted all aspects of usual functioning of the criminal justice system, the outcomes and impact of which are largely still unknown. The pandemic has affected individuals across the wider society, this includes a negative impact on the social circumstances of children and young people involved within youth offending services (YOS) (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation, 2020; Criminal Justice Joint Inspectorates, 2021). This population frequently represents those from marginalised circumstances and are rarely given the opportunity to participate meaningfully in the services they are involved in. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of the young people serving orders with the YOS during Covid19 lockdowns and requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper outlines a creative methodology and method used to uncover the experiences and perceptions of young people undergoing an order within a YOS during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The arts-based approach entailed a novel and creative method using a lyric artist to engage with young people through a virtual platform, supporting them to create lyrics about their experiences of the YOS during this time.

Findings

The artist developed a successful rapport with young people based on familiarity with, and passion for, music. He promoted their strengths, improving their confidence which was perceived to elicit more in-depth perspectives that might not have otherwise been obtained using more traditional methods. As such, the method and methodology outlined developed the young people’s social and communicative skills whilst producing meaningful feedback that can contribute to the YOS recovery plan and thus future of the service.

Practical implications

This paper reports on a novel arts-based research methodology, implemented to capture meaningful data from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

This paper reports on a novel arts-based research methodology, implemented to capture meaningful data from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Implementing the lean demolition of municipality buildings using fuzzy partial least squares technique
Authors: Vosoughifar Hamidreza , Farzadi S. , Hosseininejad SZ.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Lean management has been used in various constructions around the world for more than a quarter of a century, and it is an important factor in the construction of new projects. In relation to demolition management, only standards and codes and general principles of demolition of specific buildings were evaluated. The purpose of this study is providing relation between lean management on demolition processes of municipality buildings evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the lean demolition of demolished and renovated buildings in a metropolitan area that can be extended to all cities. In the first stage, the effective factors in the demolition of the building based on lean management were identified through a valid questionnaire based on the valid Delphi approach. Social, economic and environmental considerations were considered in designing the appropriate questionnaire.

Findings

The modified approach between the fuzzy method and partial least squares was used to evaluate important variables. All of the modified processes were developed in MATLAB by the authors of this paper. The results show that customer-focused degradation parameter has the weakest effect and waste removal variable has the most effect on lean management.

Originality/value

Statistical results show that there is no significant difference between the effect of lean management on variables such as demolition time, quality and type of construction (p < 0.05).
Examining clinical skills and abilities in psychology – implementation and evaluation of an objective structured clinical examination in psychology
Authors: Sundström Anna E. , Hakelind Camilla
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Assessment of complex clinical skills and abilities is a challenge in mental health education. In the present study, an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was adapted to psychology and implemented in a Master in Psychology program. The purpose of the present study was to examine aspects of validity of this OSCE.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 55 students enrolled in the Master in the Psychology program at Umeå University, Sweden, participated in two OSCE occasions. In addition to OSCE data, questionnaires were administered immediately after the OSCE to students (n = 18) and examiners (n = 13) to examine their perceptions of the OSCE.

Findings

The results provided support for different aspects of validity. The level of internal consistency was close to acceptable, and there was a good correspondence between global ratings and checklist scores for many stations. However, adding an additional category to the global rating scale and reviewing some of the station checklists might improve the assessment further. The present cut-score of the OSCE was comparable to a cut-score set by the borderline regression model. In general, students and examiners perceived the OSCE as a high-quality examination, although examiners raised some issues that could improve the OSCE further.

Originality/value

In conclusion, OSCE is a promising assessment in psychology, both from a psychometric perspective and from a test-taker and examiner perspective. The present study is an important contribution to the field as there are only a few examples where OSCE has been used in clinical psychology, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to evaluate the validity of such an assessment.
Enhancing brick-and-mortar store shopping experience with an augmented reality shopping assistant application using personalized recommendations and explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Mora Daniel , Cirqueira Douglas , Helfert Markus , Bezbradica Marija , Werth Dirk , Weitzl Wolfgang Jonas , Riedl René , Auinger Andreas
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The transition to omnichannel retail is the recognized future of retail, which uses digital technologies (e.g. augmented reality shopping assistants) to enhance the customer shopping experience. However, retailers struggle with the implementation of such technologies in brick-and-mortar stores. Against this background, the present study investigates the impact of a smartphone-based augmented reality shopping assistant application, which uses personalized recommendations and explainable artificial intelligence features on customer shopping experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors follow a design science research approach to develop a shopping assistant application artifact, evaluated by means of an online experiment (n = 252), providing both qualitative and quantitative data.

Findings

Results indicate a positive impact of the augmented reality shopping assistant application on customers' perception of brick-and-mortar shopping experiences. Based on the empirical insights this study also identifies possible improvements of the artifact.

Research limitations/implications

This study's assessment is limited to an online evaluation approach. Therefore, future studies should test actual usage of the technology in brick-and-mortar stores. Contrary to the suggestions of established theories (i.e. technology acceptance model, uses and gratification theory), this study shows that an increase of shopping experience does not always convert into an increase in the intention to purchase or to visit a brick-and-mortar store. Additionally, this study provides novel design principles and ideas for crafting augmented reality shopping assistant applications that can be used by future researchers to create advanced versions of such applications.

Practical implications

This paper demonstrates that a shopping assistant artifact provides a good opportunity to enhance users' shopping experience on their path-to-purchase, as it can support customers by providing rich information (e.g. explainable recommendations) for decision-making along the customer shopping journey.

Originality/value

This paper shows that smartphone-based augmented reality shopping assistant applications have the potential to increase the competitive power of brick-and-mortar retailers.
Coping with no-show behaviour in appointment services: a multistage perspective
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Hu Miao , Li Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to help businesses cope with consumers' no-show behaviour from a multistage perspective. It specifically identifies no-show reasons at each stage of appointment services and proposes the corresponding coping strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

By focusing on an outpatient appointment service, we interviewed 921 no-show patients to extract no-show reasons, invited 18 hospital managers to propose coping strategies for these reasons using a Delphi method and evaluated the proposed strategies based on EDAS (Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution).

Findings

The results reveal ten reasons for no-show behaviour (i.e. system service quality, overuse, did not know the appointment, self-judgment, forget, waiting time, lateness, uncontrollable problems, time conflict and service coordination), which have nine coping strategy themes (i.e. prepayment, system intelligence, target, subjective norm, system integration, ease of navigation, reminder, confirmation and cancellation). We classify the ten reasons and nine themes into scheduling, waiting and execution stages of an appointment service.

Originality/value

This study provides a package of coping strategies for no-show behaviour to deal with no-show reasons at each appointment service stage. It also extends the research in pre-service management through appointment services.
Quality complacency in Indian higher education institutions between the second and third cycles of accreditation
Authors: Kumar Atul , Gawande Amol , Raibagkar Shirish
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sustenance of quality over the long run by higher education institutions (HEIs) as measured by the accreditation scores in two consecutive five-year cycles of accreditation, which is a global quality practice. It also aimed to uncover the causes of the decline in the quality performance of the majority of HEIs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyzed 481 Indian HEIs based on their accreditation scores for the second and third cycles of assessment by the apex agency, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. Given the alarming results, the authors investigated the matter further. Possible causes for the lack of quality sustenance on the part of Indian HEIs were ascertained.

Findings

While 161 HEIs showed improvement, 320 showed a decline in the accreditation scores. Indian HEIs are on a slippery slope in dealing with quality. This survey of a sample of 248 out of 481 institutions showed that much remains to be done by the Internal Quality Assurance Cells. The lack of institutionalization of quality is a major concern. Findings of this study have implications for HEIs across the globe who want to be assured of quality on a sustained basis.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind to look into drops in quality among HEIs that have been in a quality environment for more than 10 years. It warns institutions to guard against quality complacency to sustain quality in the long run.
Job satisfaction among career record personnel in the Ghana civil service: a case study
Authors: Ansong Juliana Kesewaa , Darko-Adjei Noah
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Good records management and effective employees contribute greatly to the success of every organization. Like any other employees, records personnel need to be satisfied with their jobs so they are motivated. Unfortunately, records personnel in Ghana are faced with many challenges which negatively affect their job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the issue of job satisfaction among career records personnel in the Civil Service of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

Civil servants from 27 ministries and the Public Records and Archives Administration Department (PRAAD) were selected for the study. A survey questionnaire was the main data collection instrument used to gather data on selected variables from respondents. The questionnaire was answered by 115 out of 208 respondents: a response rate of 74.5%.

Findings

Institutional policy, supervision quality, co-worker relations quality, promotions opportunities, salary levels, benefits availability, the nature of the work itself and reward availability all had a significant and positive relationship with job satisfaction.

Originality/value

The case study findings can be used to inform a working document to help other public sector organizations in policy making regarding conditions of service. It is also directly beneficial to the Ghana Office of the Head of Civil Service and policymakers because the findings will help them to reshape their employment policies to positively affect job satisfaction of members in its records class.
Acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure in a facultative‐soaring bird: Comparing dynamic body acceleration and time‐energy budgets to heart rate
Authors: Brown J. Morgan , Bouten Willem , Camphuysen Kees C. J. , Nolet Bart A. , Shamoun‐Baranes Judy
Published: April 2022

In animal ecology, energy expenditure is used for assessing the consequences of different behavioural strategies, life‐history events or environments. Animals can also influence energy expenditure through instantaneous behavioural responses to their external environment. It is therefore of interest to measure energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals across seasons and at high temporal resolutions. Heart rate has historically been used for this, but requires invasive surgery for long‐term use. Dynamic body acceleration (DBA) is an alternative proxy for energy expenditure that is simpler to deploy, yet few studies have examined how it performs over extended time periods, or for species using different locomotory modes, especially passive modes like soaring flight.

We measured DBA alongside heart rate in free‐ranging lesser black‐backed gulls, a seabird that moves using flapping flight, soaring and walking, and rests on both land and water. Our objectives were to compare the relative changes in DBA and heart rate among and within behaviours and to examine how accelerometers can be used to estimate daily energy expenditure by comparing DBA to time‐energy budgets (TEBs).

DBA and heart rate were sampled concurrently at 2.5‐ and 5‐min intervals throughout the breeding season, though measurements were not exactly synchronised. Behaviour was identified from accelerometer measurements, and DBA and heart rate were averaged over bouts of consistent behaviour. Heart rate was converted to metabolic rate using an allometric calibration, after confirming its fit using metabolic measurements taken in captivity and values from existing literature.

Both proxies showed similar changes among behaviours, though DBA overestimated costs of floating, likely due to waves. However, relationships between DBA and heart rate were weak within a behaviour mode, possibly due to the lack of synchrony between proxy measurements.

On daily scales, DBA and TEBs perform comparably for estimating daily energy expenditure. Accelerometery methods deviated from a 1:1 relationship with heart rate because acceleration could not measure variation in resting metabolic costs.

We conclude DBA functions well for detecting energy expenditure arising from activity costs, including during soaring flight. We discuss scenarios where one method (DBA vs. TEBs) may be preferred over the other.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Late‐onset gestational diabetes: Could earlier delivery be the key?
Authors: Hirst Jane
Published: April 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Matthew Cauldwell et al., pp. 2176–2183 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17154
Superstar Productivity and Pay: Evidence from the Australian Football League
Authors: Ferguson Patrick J. , Pinnuck Matthew
Published: April 2022

We use game‐level data from the Australian Football League (AFL) to examine superstar workers' productivity and pay. By exploiting teams' injury‐induced line‐up changes between games, we show that, compared with replacement‐level players, superstars increase their teams' likelihood of winning away games by approximately 15 percentage points. While we then show that betting markets appear to appropriately price superstars' marginal productivity, we present back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations that suggest that teams underpay superstar players by at least 30 per cent. We discuss how inaccurate performance evaluations, labour market regulations, long‐term back‐loaded contracts, clubs' attempts to reduce harmful intra‐team pay disparities and on‐field success as a form of payment‐in‐kind may explain our findings.
Development of the Veterans Crisis Line Caring Letters Suicide Prevention Intervention
Authors: Reger Mark A. , Lauver Mary Grace , Manchester Caitlin , Abraham Traci H. , Landes Sara J. , Garrido Melissa M. , Griffin Cameron , Woods Jack A. , Strombotne Kiersten L. , Hughes Gregory
Published: April 2022

Objective

To describe the design, implementation, and plans to evaluate the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) Caring Letters intervention.

Data Sources

Veterans with VCL contact and VHA service utilization.

Study Design

Caring Letters is an evidence‐based post‐acute care suicide prevention intervention in which brief messages are mailed to individuals at high risk of suicide repeatedly over time to communicate that people care about them and are concerned for their well‐being. An effectiveness‐implementation hybrid type 1 trial using the RE‐AIM evaluation framework is underway to examine the use of Caring Letters with veterans who contact the VCL. A team of suicide prevention subject matter experts, researchers, and operational partners from the VCL will evaluate the effects of Caring Letters on clinical outcomes and Department of Veterans Affairs – Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinical utilization rates and examine facilitators and barriers to implementing the Caring Letters campaign.

Data Collection Methods

Veterans who contact the VCL are linked with national administrative VHA data. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted as part of a qualitative formative evaluation.

Principal Findings

In the first 12 months of the intervention, Caring Letters have been sent to over 100,000 veterans with VCL contact (over 500,000 letters mailed). A formative qualitative evaluation early in implementation revealed a variety of positive veteran perspectives on the intervention.

Conclusions

Partnered program design and evaluation with a high level of stakeholder engagement and participant feedback can result in a rigorous and feasible evaluation plan that improves implementation processes and produces actionable results. The initial results of this evaluation will be used to better inform care in the VHA and, specifically, the VCL.
Plant‐associatedmicrobiota as a source of antagonistic bacteria against the phytopathogenErwinia amylovora
Authors: Barbé Silvia , Figàs‐Segura Àngela , Benada M'hamed , Navarro‐Herrero Inmaculada , Sampaio Telma Maria , Biosca Elena G. , Marco‐Noales Ester
Published: April 2022

Control of bacterial plant diseases is a major concern, as they affect economically important species and spread easily, such as the case of fire blight of rosaceous caused byErwinia amylovora. In the search for alternatives to the use of agrochemicals and antibiotics, this work presents a screening of natural bacterial antagonists of this relevant and devastating phytopathogen. We recovered bacterial isolates from different plant tissues and geographical origins and then selected those with the strongest ability to reduce fire blight symptomsex vivoand remarkablein vitroantagonistic activity againstE. amylovora. None of them elicited a hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco leaves, most produced several hydrolytic enzymes and presented other biocontrol and/or plant growth‐promoting activities, such as siderophore production and phosphate solubilization. These isolates, considered as biocontrol candidates, were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing asPseudomonas rhizosphaerae,Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Enterobacter cancerogenus,Pseudomonas azotoformans, Rosenbergiella epipactidisandSerratia plymuthica. This is the first time that the last five bacterial species are reported to have biocontrol potential againstE. amylovora.
Science and user‐based co‐development of a farmland earthworm survey facilitated using digital media: Insights and policy implications
Authors: Stroud Jacqueline L. , Goulding Keith W. T.
Published: April 2022

Science–farming partnerships can improve our understanding of how land management behaviours sustain or enhance life‐sustaining soil ecosystems. However, it remains a challenge to establish partnerships between researchers and practitioners that complement the ways in which farmers acquire and value knowledge and can also advance soil science. A pilot study was conducted to explore these issues in relation to earthworm monitoring. It showed that farmers were interested in comparing their field results to research experiments to inform their decision‐making. Social media was used to support farmers' earthworm monitoring schemes, with a concomitant sampling of research experiments to create capacity for shared learning. Constructive feedback from the scientific community was sought using an online questionnaire. An Autumn 2018 survey generated 152 field analyses from farmlands in England, and 48% of participants' fields and the research experiment showed no evidence for earthworms being widespread and/or the presence of all three ecological groups of earthworms. A Spring 2019 survey generated earthworm population data from farmland soils around the world, amassing 11,464 earthworms assessed over 2,200 ha in the UK. A total of 12 scientists (from 30 questionnaire invitations) volunteered their time and expertise to support the survey. Conclusions helped to prioritise future improvements in earthworm monitoring, which should include photographs of earthworms for verification of the data, long‐term monitoring and integration with soil properties. Most (83%) perceived this earthworm survey would likely improve farmland soil health and so would recommend its use in the UK. The survey is being independently taken forward and used as a metric by both private and public stakeholders, demonstrating authentic knowledge transfer in soil science.
Senicapoc treatment in COVID‐19 patients with severe respiratory insufficiency—A randomized, open‐label, phase II trial
Authors: Granfeldt Asger , Andersen Lars W. , Vallentin Mikael F. , Hilberg Ole , Hasselstrøm Jørgen B. , Sørensen Lambert K. , Mogensen Susie , Christensen Steffen , Grejs Anders M. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Kristiansen Klaus T. , Strøm Thomas , Johansen Isik S. , Schjørring Olav L. , Simonsen Ulf
Published: April 2022

Background

The aim of the current study was to determine if treatment with senicapoc, improves the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in patients with COVID‐19 and severe respiratory insufficiency.

Methods

Investigator‐initiated, randomized, open‐label, phase II trial in four intensive care units (ICU) in Denmark. We included patients aged ≥18 years and admitted to an ICU with severe respiratory insufficiency due to COVID‐19. The intervention consisted of 50 mg enteral senicapoc administered as soon as possible after randomization and again after 24 h. Patients in the control group received standard care only. The primary outcome was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h.

Results

Twenty patients were randomized to senicapoc and 26 patients to standard care. Important differences existed in patient characteristics at baseline, including more patients being on non‐invasive/invasive ventilation in the control group (54% vs. 35%). The median senicapoc concentration at 72 h was 62.1 ng/ml (IQR 46.7–71.2). The primary outcome, PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h, was significantly lower in the senicapoc group (mean 19.5 kPa, SD 6.6) than in the control group (mean 24.4 kPa, SD 9.2) (mean difference −5.1 kPa [95% CI −10.2, −0.04] p = .05). The 28‐day mortality in the senicapoc group was 2/20 (10%) compared with 6/26 (23%) in the control group (OR 0.36 95% CI 0.06–2.07, p = .26).

Conclusions

Treatment with senicapoc resulted in a significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h with no differences for other outcomes.
Cytochrome P450 2E1‐dependent hepatic ethanol metabolism induces fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and steatosis
Authors: Attal Neha , Marrero Emilio , Thompson Kyle J. , McKillop Iain H.
Published: April 2022

Background

Hepatic steatosis is an early pathology of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Fatty acid‐binding protein‐4 (FABP4, a FABP not normally produced in the liver) is secreted by hepatocytes in ALD and stimulates hepatoma proliferation and migration. This study sought to investigate the mechanism[s] by which hepatic ethanol metabolism regulates FABP4 and steatosis.

Methods

Human hepatoma cells (HepG2/HuH7) and cells stably transfected to express cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), were exposed to ethanol in the absence or presence of chlormethiazole (a CYP2E1‐inhibitor; CMZ) and/or EX‐527 (a sirtuin‐1 [SIRT1] inhibitor). The culture medium was analyzed for ethanol metabolism and FABP4 protein abundance. Cells were analyzed for FABP4 mRNA expression, SIRT1 protein abundance, and neutral lipid accumulation. In parallel, cells were analyzed for forkhead box O1 [FOXO1], β‐catenin, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α [PPARα], and lipin‐1α protein abundance in the absence or presence of ethanol and pharmacological inhibitors of the respective target proteins.

Results

CYP2E1‐dependent ethanol metabolism inhibited the amount of SIRT1 protein detected, concomitant with increased FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation, effects abolished by CMZ. Analysis of pathways associated with lipid oxidation revealed increased FOXO1 nuclear localization and decreased β‐catenin, PPARα, and lipin‐1α protein levels in CYP2E1‐expressing cells in the presence of ethanol. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 mimicked the effects of ethanol, while inhibition of FOXO1 abrogated the effect of ethanol on FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation in CYP2E1‐expressing cells. Pharmacological inhibition of β‐catenin, PPARα, or lipin‐1α failed to alter the effects of ethanol on FABP4 or neutral lipid accumulation.

Conclusion

CYP2E1‐dependent ethanol metabolism inhibits SIRT1‐FOXO1 signaling, which leads to increased FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation. These data suggest that FABP4 released from steatotic hepatocytes could play a role in promoting tumor cell expansion in the setting of ALD and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Pretreatment frailty is an independent prognostic factor among elderly patients with B‐cell lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy: A prospective observational cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Yu‐Shin , Chang Hung , Wang Po‐Nan , Kuo Ming‐Chung , Su Yi‐Jiun , Hung Chia‐Yen , Hsueh Shun‐Wen , Yeh Kun‐Yun , Ho Ya‐Wen , Chou Wen‐Chi
Published: April 2022

Background/purpose

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome among the elderly; however, it is frequently neglected in patients with hematological malignancies, especially among the Asian population. This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence and effect of frailty on survival outcomes in elderly Asian patients with B‐cell lymphoma.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 76 consecutive patients with age ≥ 65 years and newly diagnosed B‐cell lymphoma and were receiving immunochemotherapy in a medical center in Taiwan between August 2016 and December 2017. The frailty of all patients was assessed using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) within 7 days before immunochemotherapy.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients (36%) were allocated to the frail group based on CGA. With a median follow‐up duration of 26.5 (range, 1.7–39.8) months, the 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 68% and 58%, respectively, for all group of patients. In patients in the non‐frail group, the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 81% and 71%, respectively, compared to 44% and 33%, respectively, in the frail group (hazard ratio [HR], 3.57, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–7.30; p = 0.001). Age ≥ 75years (adjusted HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.02–6.47, p = 0.045), presence of B‐symptoms (adjusted HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.05–5.60, p = 0.038), and frailty (adjusted HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.29–7.11, p = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Frailty significantly influenced the survival outcome as an independent prognostic factor in elderly patients with B‐cell lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy. Pretreatment frailty assessment is critical to assist clinicians and patients with B‐cell lymphoma with prognosis prediction and counseling on an appropriate treatment goal.
A multi‐institutional retrospective study of open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy focused on the intravesical recurrence
Authors: Shimura Soichiro , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Ikeda Masaomi , Moroo Shigenori , Koguchi Dai , Taoka Yoshinori , Hirayama Takahiro , Murakami Yasukiyo , Utsunomiya Takuji , Matsuda Daisuke , Okuno Norihiko , Irie Akira , Iwamura Masatsugu
Published: April 2022

Aim

Intravesical recurrence (IVR) after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively frequent, occurring in about 30–50% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of the prognosis and IVR between open and laparoscopic surgery and to elucidate the risk factor of IVR.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 403 patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic or open nephroureterectomy at six affiliated hospitals between 1990 and 2015. The clinicopathological factors of each group were examined using Kaplan–Meier plots, and univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

There was no difference in recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality between open and laparoscopic surgery in univariate and multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in IVR rate between the laparoscopic and open groups (p = .22). Among the patients with IVR, 84% of patients relapsed within 2 years. Univariate analysis of IVR showed a significant increase in patients with low‐grade (p = .03, HR = 1.64) or low‐stage urothelial carcinoma (pT1 or lower, p = .006, HR = 1.77) with no lymph node involvement (p = .002, HR = 10.3) or lymphovascular invasion (p = .009, HR = 1.79). Surgical modality was not an independent factor. In multivariate analysis, there was no independent predictive factor for IVR.

Conclusions

There was no difference in recurrence, cancer‐specific mortality, and IVR between open and laparoscopic surgery. On the other hand, our results suggested that the low malignant potential tumor may be a risk factor for IVR. This finding provides insight into IVR, which may help with the development of personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
Intranasal administration of a virus like particles‐based vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 and variants of concern
Authors: Rothen Dominik A. , Krenger Pascal S. , Nonic Aleksandra , Balke Ina , Vogt Anne‐Cathrine S. , Chang Xinyue , Manenti Alessandro , Vedovi Fabio , Resevica Gunta , Walton Senta M. , Zeltins Andris , Montomoli Emanuele , Vogel Monique , Bachmann Martin F. , Mohsen Mona O.
Published: April 2022

Background

The highly contagious SARS‐CoV‐2 is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. Consequently, people are required to wear masks and maintain a social distance to avoid spreading of the virus. Despite the success of the commercially available vaccines, the virus is still uncontained globally. Given the tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2, a mucosal immune reaction would help to reduce viral shedding and transmission locally. Only seven out of hundreds of ongoing clinical trials are testing the intranasal delivery of a vaccine against COVID‐19.

Methods

In the current study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a traditional vaccine platform based on virus‐like particles (VLPs) displaying RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 for intranasal administration in a murine model. The candidate vaccine platform, CuMVTT‐RBD, has been optimized to incorporate a universal T helper cell epitope derived from tetanus‐toxin and is self‐adjuvanted with TLR7/8 ligands.

Results

CuMVTT‐RBD vaccine elicited a strong systemic RBD‐ and spike‐IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity. Local immune response was assessed, and our results demonstrate a strong mucosal antibody and plasma cell production in lung tissue. Furthermore, the induced systemic antibodies could efficiently recognize and neutralize different variants of concern (VOCs).

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that intranasal administration of CuMVTT‐RBD induces a protective systemic and local specific antibody response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its VOCs.
The human enteric nervous system. Historical and modern advances. Collaboration between science and surgery
Authors: Wattchow David A , Smolilo David , Hibberd Tim , Spencer Nick J , Brookes Simon JH , De Giorgio Roberto , Heitmann Paul T , Costa Marcello , Dinning Phil G.
Published: April 2022

Background

There are considerable advantages and opportunities for surgeons and trainee surgeons in conducting a period of research allied with basic scientists. Such clinicians are well placed to define relevant clinical questions, provide human material (tissue, biopsy and blood) and translate the techniques derived in experimental animals to human subjects.

Methods

This small review explores research conducted on the nervous system of the intestines, with an emphasis on the translation of findings from animal to human.

Results

This work shows that new techniques of immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing, developed in animal tissue, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the human enteric nervous system.

Conclusions

Such findings have sparked therapeutic trials for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients.
Sexualities and Social Justice: Young People and the Doing of Gender and Sexual Equalities in a Former Ship‐Building Community
Authors: Nayak Anoop , Bonner‐Thompson Carl
Published: April 2022

This participatory youth ethnography—utilising interviews, focus‐groups, observational diaries, and artwork—explores young people’s differing attitudes to current sexual equalities in a former ship‐building community in Northern England. Adapting Raymond Williams’ cultural Marxist framework on class, it identifies three intersecting repertoires of transition: a dominant liberal disposition of “inclusive sexualities”, based on the universal rights of the individual; a residual repertoire that recuperates masculinist tropes of patriarchy and “hardness”, associated with the passing industrial era; and an emergent paradigm that seeks to “trouble” and destabilise gender categories. We argue that place, locality, and labour market geographies critically impact upon the types of gender and sexual identities deemed “appropriate”, situating possibilities for enacting social justice through equality legislation. The participatory ethnography critically examines the spatial circulation, accumulation, and dissipation of gender and sexual equalities in young lives, identifying possibilities and challenges for future transformation.
Complications after advanced ovarian cancer surgery—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Palmqvist Charlotte , Michaëlsson Hanna , Staf Christian , Johansson Mia , Albertsson Per , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Surgical complications after primary or interval debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer were investigated and associations with patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were explored.

Material and methods

A population‐based cohort study including all women with ovarian cancer, FIGO III–IV, treated with primary or interval debulking surgery, 2013–2017. Patient characteristics, surgical outcomes and complications according to the Clavien–Dindo (CD) classification system ≤30 days postoperatively, were registered. Uni‐ and multivariable regression analyses were performed with severe complications (CD ≥ III) as endpoint. PFS in relation was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The cohort included 384 women, where 304 (79%) were treated with primary and 80 (21%) with interval debulking surgery. Complications CD I–V were registered in 112 (29%) patients and CD ≥ III in 42 (11%). Preoperative albumin was significantly lower in the CD ≥ III cohort compared with CD 0–II (P = 0.018). For every increase per unit in albumin, the risk of complications decreased by a factor of 0.93. There was no significant difference in completed chemotherapy between the cohorts CD 0–II 90.1% and CD ≥ III 83.3% (P = 0.236). In the univariable analysis; albumin <30 g/L, primary debulking surgery, complete cytoreduction and intermediate/high surgical complexity score (SCS) were associated with CD ≥ III. In the following multivariable analysis, only intermediate/high SCS was found to be an independent significant prognostic factor. Low (n = 180) vs intermediate/high SCS (n = 204) showed a median PFS of 17.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.2–20.7) vs 21.5 months (95% CI 18.2–25.7), respectively, with a significant log‐rank; P = 0.038.

Conclusions

Advanced ovarian cancer surgery is associated with complications but no significant difference was seen in completion of adjuvant chemotherapy when severe complications occur. Importantly, our study shows that intermediate/high SCS is an independent prognostic risk factor for complications. Low albumin, residual disease and primary debulking surgery were found to be associated with severe complications. These results may facilitate forming algorithms in the decision‐making procedure of surgical treatment protocols.
In vitro use of standard fluid infusion central venous catheter for slow continuous ultrafiltration feasibility assessment
Authors: Nalesso Federico , Garzotto Francesco , Gobbi Laura , Cattarin Leda , Calò Lorenzo A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF) by central venous catheter (CVC) for hemodialysis is a simple extracorporeal ultrafiltration that can reduce and control fluid overload in patients with chronic or acute chronic heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy. In order to avoid complications and risks related to the catheterization with a standard CVC for hemodialysis to provide the SCUF, considering that hospitalized patients affected by congestive heart failure commonly undergo CVC placement for medications delivering, we tested an in vitro model to use a standard CVC for infusion to perform SCUF.

Methods

We performed an in vitro SCUF experimental model through two different lumens of a triple (8Fr × 20 cm Tri‐lumen catheter Kit—Envans Extra) and a quad‐lumen CVC (8.5Fr × 20 cm Quad‐lumen catheter kit—Benefis Medical Devices) commonly used in our Intensive Care Unit for fluids and medications infusions. We used Prismaflex with the HF‐20 set (Baxter, IL, USA) to perform the SCUF treatment.

Results

Our in vitro data confirm the technical feasibility of the use of standard CVC for fluid infusion to perform a SCUF treatment with a theoretical weight loss of up to 200 ml/h by a blood flow ranging from 30 to 45 ml/min.

Conclusions

The use of standard infusion CVC could be utilized in the intensive care unit to perform SCUF not exposing patients to the risks and complications related to the placement and permanence of CVC for hemodialysis.
Sequential organ failure assessment score improves survival prediction for left ventricular assist device recipients in intensive care
Authors: Chatterjee Subhasis , Jentzer Jacob C. , Kashyap Rahul , Keegan Mark T. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Passe Melissa A. , Loftsgard Theodore , Murphree Dennis H. , Stulak John M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Preoperative risk scores facilitate patient selection, but postoperative risk scores may offer valuable information for predicting outcomes. We hypothesized that the postoperative Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score would predict mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from 294 continuous‐flow LVAD implantations performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester during 2007 to 2015. We calculated the EuroSCORE, HeartMate‐II Risk Score, and RV Failure Risk Score from preoperative data and the APACHE III and Post Cardiac Surgery (POCAS) risk scores from postoperative data. Daily, maximum, and mean SOFA scores were calculated for the first 5 postoperative days. The area under receiver‐operator characteristic curves (AUC) was calculated to compare the scoring systems' ability to predict 30‐day, 90‐day, and 1‐year mortality.

Results

For the entire cohort, mortality was 5% at 30 days, 10% at 90 days, and 19% at 1 year. The Day 1 SOFA score had better discrimination for 30‐day mortality (AUC 0.77) than the preoperative risk scores or the APACHE III and POCAS postoperative scores. The maximum SOFA score had the best discrimination for 30‐day mortality (AUC 0.86), and the mean SOFA score had the best discrimination for 90‐day mortality (AUC 0.82) and 1‐year mortality (AUC 0.76).

Conclusions

We observed that postoperative mean and maximum SOFA scores in LVAD recipients predict short‐term and intermediate‐term mortality better than preoperative risk scores do. However, because preoperative and postoperative risk scores each contribute unique information, they are best used in concert to predict outcomes after LVAD implantation.
Acinetobacter baumannii: insights towards a comprehensive approach for the prevention of outbreaks in health‐care facilities
Authors: Borges Duarte Diogo Filipe , Gonçalves Rodrigues Acácio
Published: April 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is known to be an opportunistic pathogen frequently responsible for outbreaks in health‐care facilities, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICU). It can easily survive in the hospital setting for long periods and can be transmitted throughout the hospital in a variety of ways, explored in this review. It can also easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants rendering several antibiotic drugs useless. In 2019, the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) considered the organism as an urgent threat. The aim of this review was to raise the awareness of the medical community about the relevance of this pathogen and discuss how it may impact seriously the healthcare institutions particularly in the aftermath of the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. PubMed was searched, and articles that met inclusion criteria were reviewed. We conclude by the need to raise awareness to this pathogen's relevance and to encourage the implementation of preventive measures in order to mitigate its consequences namely the triage of specific high‐risk patients.
Developing a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences: A discussion paper
Authors: Leinweber Julia , Fontein‐Kuipers Yvonne , Thomson Gill , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Nilsson Christina , Ekström‐Bergström Anette , Olza Ibone , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni , Stramrood Claire
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Many women experience giving birth as traumatic. Although women's subjective experiences of trauma are considered the most important, currently there is no clear inclusive definition of a traumatic birth to help guide practice, education, and research.

Aim

To formulate a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of a traumatic childbirth experience.

Methods

After a rapid literature review, a five‐step process was undertaken. First, a draft definition was created based on interdisciplinary experts’ views. The definition was then discussed and reformulated with input from over 60 multidisciplinary clinicians and researchers during a perinatal mental health and birth trauma research meeting in Europe. A revised definition was then shared with consumer groups in eight countries to confirm its face validity and adjusted based on their feedback.

Results

The stepwise process confirmed that a woman‐centered and inclusive definition was important. The final definition was: “A traumatic childbirth experience refers to a woman's experience of interactions and/or events directly related to childbirth that caused overwhelming distressing emotions and reactions; leading to short and/ or long‐term negative impacts on a woman's health and wellbeing.”

Conclusions

This definition of a traumatic childbirth experience was developed through consultations with experts and consumer groups. The definition acknowledges that low‐quality provider interactions and obstetric violence can traumatize individuals during childbirth. The women‐centered and inclusive focus could help women to identify and validate their experiences of traumatic birth, offering benefits for practice, education, and research, as well as for policymaking and activism in the fields of perinatal mental health and respectful maternity care.
How to dose and monitor argatroban for treatment of HIT
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E.
Published: April 2022

Dosing and monitoring of argatroban for treatment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) remain uncertain. Marchetti and colleagues critically and systematically reviewed their institutional experience using this direct thrombin inhibitor to treat patients with laboratory‐confirmed HIT, and have formulated several practical recommendations for managing this challenging clinical situation.

Commentary on: Marchetti et al. Managing argatroban in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A retrospective analysis of 729 treatment days in 32 patients with confirmed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2022;197:766‐790
‘Sharing our voices’—Taking a learning disability history project online during a pandemic
Authors: Reeve Jacquelyn , Farmer Emily , Bayley William
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the challenges faced by a team at the Grace Eyre Foundation in running a coproduced oral history project during the pandemic. It examines the benefits and challenges of working online, comparing this to face‐to‐face approaches.

For over 100 years, the Grace Eyre Foundation has provided support to people with learning disabilities and/or autism across Sussex. Its founder, Grace Eyre Woodhead, was a pioneer—from around 1896 until her death in 1936, she advocated supporting people with learning disabilities in the community rather than in large, isolated institutions.

With Heritage Lottery funding awarded in 2019, ‘Sharing Our Voices’ set out to:

create a digital, oral history collection of people who had lived in Shared Lives arrangements since the 1950s.

create a digital archive of the life and work of Grace Eyre Woodhead.

devise a play inspired by the experience of exploring these histories, to be performed as part of the Brighton Fringe Festival 2021.

This article:

Describes how the Project Team adapted to continue the project during the 2020–2021 lockdowns.

Discusses the opportunities, and limitations, of training people using online technologies.

Demonstrates the opportunities, and limitations, of conducting oral history interviews online.

Concludes that while online technologies are useful, enabling oral history work to continue under restrictions, there are limits to what can be achieved. We set out some of our learning here but it is hard to see how working online could ever fully replace the benefits of meeting face to face.