bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Research Study on the Radiological State of Building Material and the Risk Assessment
Authors: Savidou A. , Raptis C. , Kritidis P.
Published: April 2020

The objective of the present study is focused an the assessment of the radiological risk from building materials used in Attica region, Greece. Bricks and concrete com- monly used in Attica region have been studied for both natural radionuclide content and radon exhalation. The high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy technique, as well as radon exhalation measurements, have been employed. The technique used for the measurements of the radon exhalation is called "continuous accumulation- counting" method and has been described in detail by the authors in earlier pub- lications. This measurement technique is based on the continuous air flow through a sealed chamber containing the sample and through a scintillation counter (Lucas cell). The counting is continuous as well.
Ενισχυτής ενέργειας, μια πιο πράσινη πηγή πυρηνικής ενέργειας
Authors: Charalambous S.
Published: April 2020

Με την σημερινή Εμπειρία και την Τεχνολογία πάνω στους Αντιδραστήρες σχάσης και τους επιταχυντές είναι δυνατόν να κατασκευαστεί εύκολα και φτηνά σύστημα Επιταχυντή-Αντιδραστήρα για παραγωγή (Πυρηνικής) Ενέργειας ο Ενισχυτής Ενέργειας (ΕΑ).Στην ομιλία θα παρουσιασθούν αφενός τα πρώτα αποτελέσματα πειράματος ΕΑ που έγινε στο CERN. Το πείραμα ήταν θετικό με την έννοια της περίσσιας ενέργειας είσοδος-έξοδος του ΕΑ. Αφετέρου θα αναλυθούν τόσο η παρούσα ενεργειακή κατάσταση του πλανήτη που επιβάλει την αναζήτηση μεγάλων πηγών, ενέργειας όπως επίσης θα παρουσιασθούν τα πλεονεκτήματα που δα έχει ο ΕΑ Τα κυριότερα από αυτά είναι: α) θα είναι ο ΕΑ 'πρασινώτερος' από πλευράς ραδιενέργειας 6) Δεν δα παράγει Pu-239 για στρατιωτικές εφαρμογές γ) δεν δα γίνεται σχεδόν ποτέ υπερκρίσιμος εκρηκτικός και δ) στην περίπτωση που το σχάσιμο είναι Th τότε δα υπάρχει επάρκεια πρώτης ύλης στον πλανήτη, για εκατομμύρια χρόνια.
Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov description of deformed light nuclei
Authors: Lalazissis G. A. , Vretenar D. , Ring P.
Published: April 2020

The Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model is applied in the analysis of ground- state properties of light nuclei with 4 < Ζ < 11. The model uses the NL3 effective interaction in the mean-field Lagrangian, and describes pairing correlations by the pairing part of the finite range Gogny interaction DIS. Neutron separation energies, quadrupole deformations, nuclear matter radii, and differences in radii of proton and neutron distributions are compared with recent experimental data.
Rainfall Induced 137Cs Radioactivity in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Tsabaris C. , Ballas D. , Papadopoulos C. T. , Vlastou R. , Kalfas C. A.
Published: April 2020

The development of autonomous measuring systems for radioactivity in the ma- rine environment is today of important scientific priority for the marine sciences and especially for the Operational Oceanography. This paper concentrates on the improvement and application of an existing Nal-based gamma ray detection system for radioactivity measurements in seawater. The set up of the system will be described together with the appropriate calibrations in the laboratory. The operation of the system in the Aegean Sea provides the monitoring efficiency at 1461 keV by intercalibration with an appropriate salinity sensor mounted close to the Nal-detector. The gross counting rate was found constant within the statistical uncertainty of the measurements, during dry periods. The artificial radioactivity (137Cs) in the North Aegean Sea was increased, however, up to seven times after strong rainfall, compared to the mean radiation level as given in literature. This increment remains only for a short period of time (~2 days), due to strong advection processes of the water masses during strong rainfall.
Study of Magnetic Rotation in 193Pb: An Example of Collaboration Between Southeastern European Research Teams
Authors: Balabanski D. L.
Published: April 2020

This paper summarizes the results of a series of experimental studies of mag­netic rotation in mid-shell Pb nuclei. The focus is for the 29/2- v(1i^3/2)^{-1} (x) π(3s1/2)^{-2}(1h9/2)(i13/2) magnetic band in 193Pb, for which all experimental observables have been measured. This provides a stringent test of the theoretical models aiming at the description of such excitations. These studies have been carried out in col­ laboration with different research teams from the Balkans and are an example how to utilize most efficiently the huge scientific potential of the region.
(p,γ) Reaction Cross Sections Relevant to the p process: First Results for the Se Isotopes
Authors: Lagoyannis A. , Spyrou A. , Harissopulos S. , Galanopoulos S. , Kunz R. , Fey M. , Hammer J. W. , Julin R. , Demetriou P.
Published: April 2020

Proton-capture reaction cross sections of Se isotopes were determined in the 1-6 MeV energy range by means of γ-angular distribution measurements as well as via the activation technique. In this report we compare our first cross-section results with statistical model calculations performed using various microscopic and phenomenological approaches of Optical Model Potentials and Nuclear Level Densities.
Dependence of Information Entropy of Uniform Fermi Systems on Correlations and Thermal Effects
Authors: Moustakidis Ch. C. , Massen S. E.
Published: April 2020

The influence of correlations of uniform Fermi systems (nuclear matter, electron gas and liquid 3He) on Shannon's information entropy, S, is studied. It is found that, for three different Fermi systems with different particle interactions, the correlated part of S (Soor) depends on the correlation parameter of the systems or on the discontinuity gap of the momentum distribution through two parameter expressions. The values of the parameters characterize the strength of the correlations. A two parameter expression also holds between Scor and the mean kinetic energy (K) of the Fermi system. The study of thermal effects on the uncorrelated electron gas leads to a relation between the thermal part of S (Sthermai) and the fundamental quantities of temperature, thermodynamical entropy and the mean kinetic energy. It is found that, in the case of low temperature limit, the expression connecting Sthermai with Κ is the same to the one which connects Scor with K. Thus, regardless of the reason (correlations or thermal) that changes K, S takes almost the same value.
Searches for the Σ-nucleus Potential
Authors: Petridou Th.
Published: April 2020

The determination of the Σ-nucleus potential is the main orientation of the late Σ-hypernuclear physics. For this purpose, the last (Κ-,π+) light Σ-hypernuclear spectra were studied together with the recent (π-, Κ+)28Si_Σ spectrum in the context of the Green function method with a square well optical potential and a delta function spin-orbit interaction using plane waves. It was found that these spectra with a broad enhancement mainly at large energies are well described by a repulsive potential with nonzero imaginary and spin-orbit parts.
W(5): Wobbling Mode in the Framework of the X(5) Model
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Lenis D. , Petrellis D. , Terziev P. A.
Published: April 2020

Using in the Bohr Hamiltonian the approximations leading to the Bohr and Mot- telson description of wobbling motion in even nuclei, a W(5) model for wobbling bands, coexisting with a X(5) ground state band, is obtained. Separation of vari­ ables is achieved by assuming that the relevant potential has a sharp minimum at 70, which is the only parameter entering in the spectra and B(E2) transition rates (up to overall scale factors). B(E2) transition rates exhibit the features expected in the wobbling case.
Towards the Keplerian sequence: Realistic equations of state in rapidly rotating neutron stars
Authors: Koliogiannis Koutmiridis Polychronis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: April 2020

Neutron stars are among the densest known objects in the universe and an ideal laboratory for the strange physics of super-condensed matter. In the present work, we investigate the Keplerian (mass-shedding) sequence of rotating neutron stars by employing realistic equations of state based on various theoretical nuclear models. In particular, we compute the moment of inertia and angular momentum of neutron stars against mass-shedding and secular axisymmetric instability. We mainly focus on the dependence of these properties from the bulk properties of neutron stars. Another property that studied in detail, is the dimensionless spin parameter (kerr parameter) of rotating neutron stars at the mass-shedding limit. In addition, supramassive time evolutionary rest mass sequences, which have their origin in general relativity, are explored. Supramassive sequences have masses exceeding the maximum mass of a non-rotating neutron star and evolve toward catastrophic collapse to a black hole. Important information can be gained from the astrophysical meaning of the kerr parameter and the supramassive sequences in neutron stars. Finally, the effects of the Keplerian sequence, in connection with the latter, may provide us constraints on the high density part of the equation of state of cold neutron star matter.
Constraints on neutron stars equation of state using the tidal deformability derived from BNS mergers
Authors: Kanakis-Pegios Alkiviadis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work is the study of neutron stars (NS) equation of state (EOS) using constraints on tidal deformability derived from observation of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, such as GW170817. The mathematical formalism is introduced, and then for a variety of EOS the system is solved numerically, allowing us to determine the mass, the radius, the tidal love number and the tidal deformability of the NS, each one of them unique for each EOS. Moreover, for a fixed value of chirp mass under the assumption that  m2<m1 (where m1 is the heavier component mass of BNS system), the effective (mass-weighted) tidal deformability of the binary system is determined for each EOS. We consider both an upper limit (GW170817) and a lower limit (AT2017gfo) for the effective tidal deformability. Also, we construct the Λ1-Λ2 space and we compare the behavior of EOS with the most recent LIGO’s data. We found out that the most EOS models give values for the effective tidal deformability less than the upper limit and that the most stiff EOS are excluded.
Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Syandri Hafrijal
Published: April 2020

Background: Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to the gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems.

Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (mean, 54.53 g and 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of West Sumatera Province, Indonesia.

Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056).

Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain could be considered a new candidate strain for floating net cage aquaculture in the future.
Expression and prognostic significance of MT1 isoforms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Niu Xiaohua , Deng Ling , Tang Chaoming , Zhuo Dexiang
Published: April 2020

Metallothioneins (MTs), a family of low-weight cysteine-rich proteins, play key roles in tumor biology, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Clinical studies have demonstrated that deregulation of MTs in various types of solid cancers. However, a comprehensive overview of MT1 isoforms expression and clinical relevance in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) is lacking. The present study explored mRNA expression levels and prognostic values of MT1 isoforms in ccRCC tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine database. The study observed that mRNA expression levels of six members of MT1 isoforms decreased in renal cancer tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. We further found that high-expression of MT1G, MT1H, MT1F and MT1X was related with poor overall survival time in ccRCC patients and high-expression of MT1G, MT1F and MT1X were inversely associated with disease-free survival time in ccRCC patients. Based on the correlation analysis, MT1G was identified to be co-expressed with MT1H and MT1F in ccRCC tissues. These findings suggested that MT1 isoforms mRNA may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for ccRCC.
Predicting the evolution and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
Authors: Pais Ricardo J. , Taveira Nuno
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic that has been affecting Portugal since 2 March 2020. The Portuguese government has been making efforts to contradict the exponential growth through social isolation measures. We have developed a mathematical model to predict the impact of such measures in the number of infected cases and peak of infection. We estimate the peak to be around 2 million infected cases by the beginning of May if no additional measures are taken. The model shows that current measures effectively isolated 25-30% of the population, contributing to some reduction on the infection peak. Importantly, our simulations show that the infection burden can be further reduced with higher isolation degree, providing information for a second intervention.
Expected immune recognition of COVID-19 virus by memory from earlier infections with common coronaviruses in a large part of the world population
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. , Hashimoto Keiichiro
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus agent of the COVID-19 pandemic causing high mortalities. In contrast, the widely spread human coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, 229E, and NL63 tend to cause only mild symptoms. The present study shows, by in silico analysis, that these common human viruses are expected to induce immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 by sharing protein fragments (antigen epitopes) for presentation to the immune system by MHC class I. A list of such epitopes is provided. The number of these epitopes and the prevalence of the common coronaviruses suggest that a large part of the world population has some degree of specific immunity against SARS-CoV-2 already, even without having been infected by that virus. For inducing protection, booster vaccinations enhancing existing immunity are less demanding than primary vaccinations against new antigens. Therefore, for the discussion on vaccination strategies against COVID-19, the available immune memory against related viruses should be part of the consideration.
Molecular detection of intestinal helminths and protozoa among young children in Dosso Region, Niger
Authors: Aiemjoy Kristen , Arzika Ahmed M. , Cook Catherine , Lebas Elodie , Pilotte Nils , Grant Jessica R. , Williams Steven A. , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D.
Published: April 2020

Eukaryotic parasites are significant contributors to childhood illness in Niger. While helminthiases have received national attention through mass deworming efforts, the epidemiology of intestinal protozoa in Niger remains underexamined. This study employed real-time PCR diagnostics to describe the prevalence of two schistosomes, four soil-transmitted helminths, and one protozoan parasite in Boboye Department, Dosso Region. Prevalence was assessed using bulk stool specimens collected from a population-based sample of 86 children residing in 9 communities. Anthropometric measurements were used to calculate child growth z-scores and stool consistency was graded. Helminths were absent from the study population, with the exception of a single Schistosoma haematobium infection (1/86; 1.2%). Giardia duodenalis was the only protozoa present, detected in 65% (56/86) of children. Prevalence of G. duodenalis peaked in 2-year-olds with 88% (15/17) positivity. The population was generally undernourished, though growth indices did not differ significantly between children with and without G. duodenalis infection.
Single-transcript multiplex in situ hybridisation reveals unique patterns of dystrophin isoform expression in the developing mammalian embryo
Authors: Hildyard John C. W. , Crawford Abbe H. , Rawson Faye , Riddell Dominique O. , Harron Rachel C. M. , Piercy Richard J.
Published: April 2020

Background: The dystrophin gene has multiple isoforms: full-length dystrophin (dp427) is principally known for its expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but is also expressed in the brain, and several internal promoters give rise to shorter, N-terminally truncated isoforms with wider tissue expression patterns (dp260 in the retina, dp140 in the brain and dp71 in many tissues). These isoforms are believed to play unique cellular roles both during embryogenesis and in adulthood, but their shared sequence identity at both mRNA and protein levels makes study of distinct isoforms challenging by conventional methods.

Methods: RNAscope is a novel in-situ hybridisation technique that offers single-transcript resolution and the ability to multiplex, with different target sequences assigned to distinct fluorophores. Using probes designed to different regions of the dystrophin transcript (targeting 5', central and 3' sequences of the long dp427 mRNA), we can simultaneously detect and distinguish multiple dystrophin mRNA isoforms at sub-cellular histological levels. We have used these probes in healthy and dystrophic canine embryos to gain unique insights into isoform expression and distribution in the developing mammal.

Results: Dp427 is found in developing muscle as expected, apparently enriched at nascent myotendinous junctions. Endothelial and epithelial surfaces express dp71 only. Within the brain and spinal cord, all three isoforms are expressed in spatially distinct regions: dp71 predominates within proliferating germinal layer cells, dp140 within maturing, migrating cells and dp427 appears within more established cell populations. Dystrophin is also found within developing bones and teeth, something previously unreported, and our data suggests orchestrated involvement of multiple isoforms in formation of these tissues.

Conclusions: Overall, shorter isoforms appear associated with proliferation and migration, and longer isoforms with terminal lineage commitment: we discuss the distinct structural contributions and transcriptional demands suggested by these findings.
Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model
Authors: Zhang Heng , Rusmevichientong Paat , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: April 2020

When retailers decide which assortment of products to offer, they can make use of a choice model that describes how customers choose and substitute among the products. The key is to use a choice model that faithfully captures the choice process of customers, while making sure that the corresponding problem of finding the revenue-maximizing assortment remains tractable. In “Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model,” Zhang, Rusmevichientong, and Topaloglu consider the paired combinatorial logit model to capture the choice process of customers. This choice model uses a utility maximization framework to capture the customer choices, and the utilities of the products can have a rather general correlation structure. The authors demonstrate that one can construct algorithms with performance guarantees to solve the assortment optimization problem under this choice model.
Central venous catheter infection in Canadian home parenteral nutrition patients: a 5-year multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Saqui Olivia , Fernandes G. , Allard J.
Published: April 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

A lower central venous catheter (CVC) infection rate suggests an improvement in practice and education. CVC infection remains a complication that often requires significant health care resources. Use of tunneled CVC and patient education on catheter care reduces CVC infection rates.

Objectives:

CVC infection is one of the most frequent, life-threatening complications in home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients. Our objective was to conduct a 5-year retrospective chart review regarding CVC infections in 3 adult HPN programs.

Methods:

Data were collected from the Canadian HPN Registry and patient charts that include demography, infection diagnosis, blood cultures, and treatments.

Results:

Results are reported as median (range) ± standard error of mean or population frequency. Eighty-one charts were reviewed. Mean age was 51.98 ± 1.71 years. Short bowel syndrome (54.3%) was the primary diagnosis, with 36 months (range, 1324 months) median length of HPN therapy. Forty-seven subjects (58%) had infections over a 5-year period. Of these, there were 144 sepsis events. There was positive correlation (r=0.423; P<0.001) between number of infections and HPN duration. The median length of time the CVC was in place was 281 (range, 14–4380) days. There were 66.7% tunneled CVCs; 25.9% peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), and 7.4% implanted venous port. In this sample, there was no association between line infection and catheter type. Most patients presented with fever (58.3%) and chills (38.2%). Blood cultures were done (89.6%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the resulting pathogen present in 25.7%. Patients with bloodstream infection were treated for 17.9 ± 1.2 days with combination antibiotics (22.2%). Overall, the CVC infection rate was 0.97 per 1000 catheter days.

Conclusion:

We found the standard approach to infection prevention is comparable to reports in literature. However, a subset of patients with multiple CVC infections require education with an emphasis on preventive techniques in order to reduce the incidence of infection.
M-QAM signal transmission at the photonically generated K-band over thermal-induced turbulent FSO links with different turbulence distributions
Authors: Vallejo Luis , Nguyen Dong-Nhat , Bohata Jan , Ortega Beatriz , Zvanovec Stanislav
Published: April 2020

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the impact of different thermal-induced free-space turbulence distributions on the M–quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal transmission in radio frequency K-band over hybrid optical links of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and free-space optics (FSO). Frequency multiplication using an external intensity modulator biased at the null transmission point has been employed to photonically generate radio signals at a frequency of 25 GHz , included for the frequency bands for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. Moreover, extensive simulations have been performed for

10

G
b

/

s

with 4-, 16-, and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 500 m long FSO channels under scenarios with different turbulence levels and distributions. Proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted for 20 MHz with 4- and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 2 m long FSO channels under turbulence conditions. Both theoretical and experimental systems have been analyzed in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) performance showing feasible transmission over the hybrid links in the received optical power range. Non-uniform turbulence distributions are shown to have a different impact on M-QAM modulation formats, i.e., turbulence distributions with higher strength in the middle of the FSO link reveal a 1.9 dB penalty when using 64-QAM signals compared to a 1.3 dB penalty using 4-QAM signals, whereas higher penalties have been measured when 4-QAM format is transmitted over turbulence distributions with larger magnitude in the second half of the FSO link. The results have been validated by theoretical predictions and lead to practical consequences on future networks’ deployment.
Optical design of diffraction-limited x-ray telescopes
Authors: Chalifoux Brandon D. , Heilmann Ralf K. , Marshall Herman L. , Schattenburg Mark L.
Published: April 2020

Astronomical imaging with micro-arcsecond (µas) angular resolution could enable breakthrough scientific discoveries. Previously proposed µas x-ray imager designs have been interferometers with limited effective collecting area. Here we describe x-ray telescopes achieving diffraction-limited performance over a wide energy band with large effective area, employing a nested-shell architecture with grazing-incidence mirrors, while matching the optical path lengths between all shells. We present two compact nested-shell Wolter Type 2 grazing-incidence telescope designs for diffraction-limited x-ray imaging: a micro-arcsecond telescope design with 14 µas angular resolution and

2.9

m

2

of effective area at 5 keV photon energy (

λ
=

0.25

n
m

), and a smaller milli-arcsecond telescope design with 525 µas resolution and

645

c
m

2

effective area at 1 keV (

λ
=

1.24

n
m

). We describe how to match the optical path lengths between all shells in a compact mirror assembly and investigate chromatic and off-axis aberrations. Chromatic aberration results from total external reflection off of mirror surfaces, and we greatly mitigate its effects by slightly adjusting the path lengths in each mirror shell. The mirror surface height error and alignment requirements for diffraction-limited performance are challenging but arguably achievable in the coming decades. Because the focal ratio for a diffraction-limited x-ray telescope is extremely large (

f

/

D
∼

10
5

), the only important off-axis aberration is curvature of field, so a 1 arc sec field of view is feasible with a flat detector. The detector must fly in formation with the mirror assembly, but relative positioning tolerances are on the order of 1 m over a distance of some tens to hundreds of kilometers. Although there are many challenges to achieving diffraction-limited x-ray imaging, we did not find any fundamental barriers.
In vivo imaging of the human cornea with high-speed and high-resolution Fourier-domain full-field optical coherence tomography
Authors: Auksorius Egidijus , Borycki Dawid , Stremplewski Patrycjusz , Liżewski Kamil , Tomczewski Slawomir , Niedźwiedziuk Paulina , Sikorski Bartosz L. , Wojtkowski Maciej
Published: April 2020

Corneal evaluation in ophthalmology necessitates cellular-resolution and fast imaging techniques that allow for accurate diagnoses. Currently, the fastest volumetric imaging technique is Fourier-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (FD-FF-OCT), which uses a fast camera and a rapidly tunable laser source. Here, we demonstrate high-resolution, high-speed, non-contact corneal volumetric imaging in vivo with FD-FF-OCT that can acquire a single 3D volume with a voxel rate of 7.8 GHz. The spatial coherence of the laser source was suppressed to prevent it from focusing on a spot on the retina, and therefore, exceeding the maximum permissible exposure (MPE). The inherently volumetric nature of FD-FF-OCT data enabled flattening of curved corneal layers. The acquired FD-FF-OCT images revealed corneal cellular structures, such as epithelium, stroma and endothelium, as well as subbasal and mid-stromal nerves.
Ultra-thin near infrared camera enabled by a flat multi-level diffractive lens: erratum
Authors: Banerji Sourangsu , Meem Monjurul , Majumder Apratim , Guevara Vasquez Fernando , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Menon Rajesh
Published: April 2020

In Opt.
Lett. 44, 5450
(2019)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.44.005450, there were errors in
the author listing and in one figure.
Pursuing the prepositions of drawing
Authors: Blair Sarah
Published: April 2020

This article is part of a wider research project exploring connections between ideas of grammar and drawing. Here, prepositions are the focus – tiny, overlooked, undeniably ubiquitous words that articulate crucial relations between their dominant cousins, verbs and nouns. They are dwelt on here for carrying deep metaphorical overtones and having considerable potential for visual engagement. The discussion is situated – in section 1 – via the playfully poetical philosophy of Michel Serres, and – in section 2 – through Barbara Tversky’s thought-provoking analyses of highly integrated verbal-visual patterning within the mechanics of thinking. Section 3 introduces the author’s visual glossary of grammar, currently in development. This aims to present the underpinning energy of grammatical forms which are key to language production, using simple visualizations to communicate the aesthetic drive of syntax in its organization of words. The digital drawings presented hark back to the formalized modernist abstractions considered in the first section, but also to the glyphs and basic visual vocabulary of common diagrams that have been analysed by Tversky. The article ends by suggesting that the crucial qualities of prepositions – being on the edge and in between, rather than obviously central to meaning like nouns and verbs – resonate particularly well with current tendencies in drawing practice and wider cultural debates.
Collaborative project: From cradle to parlour
Authors: Rohr Doris , Clarke Niamh
Published: April 2020

This co-authored project report considers the polarity of the ephemeral (concept, memory, recollection) with the material aspect of creativity, as it manifests itself in the related yet complimentary practices of writing and drawing. The craft of drawing is complex and hybrid, more akin to writing processes as a means of embodying and making physical through gesture, than many other art forms and processes that rely on material presence. Writing and drawing materialize memory, ideas and projective thought and attempt to manifest their transience. The joint project research (Clarke|Rohr) was originally presented as a contribution to ‘Drawings of, Drawings by and Drawings with …’ chaired by Ray Lucas (Manchester University) for the conference Art, Materiality and Representation, Royal Anthropological Institution, SOAS/British Museum, in June 2018. We are grateful for the opportunity to further evaluate and publish the progression of the project in this issue of DRTP. The idea for a collaborative drawing project that involves text|image translations was borne from conversations between Niamh Clarke and Doris Rohr. Clarke perceived visual, structural and textual affinities between the modernist novel The Waves by Virginia Woolf and the drawings of waves by the Latvian American photorealist artist Vija Celmins. This prompted an experimental project: what type of textual responses might be found in another’s drawing, and, in turn, what type of visual drawn image might be generated in response to a short text of creative writing? We decided to limit the postal exchange of material to three A4 drawings and three individual short excerpts of poetry or prose. It was agreed that we would monitor our personal reactions, emotions and analysis of the process and store the responses via a shared digital platform (Google Drive). The project’s premise was to interrogate image and text relationships and the possibilities to translate or influence one through the other. Our aim is to explore materiality and subject matter through drawing with a mediated sense of authorship.
A case study, Eric Hebborn, Rome Scholar 1959–61: The art and craft of forging a drawing
Authors: Farthing Stephen
Published: April 2020

An exploration of forgery and drawing that focuses on a twentieth-century practitioner, his art education, motivation and methodology, this critical article was inspired by a meeting that took place in a village near Rome during the autumn of 1976 between the author and Eric Hebborn (1934–96). Written some forty years later, this article has two goals; first to contribute to the debate that now circles the role of drawing within the contemporary fine art curriculum and then to question the nature of the biographical information Ruskin suggested was embedded in artists drawings. Hebborn, a skilful draftsman and award-winning alumnus of the Royal Academy Schools and British School at Rome is unusual in that he left no significant trace of himself as a contemporary artist. Using his memoire Drawn to Trouble, a once misattributed drawing The Lamentation of the Three Mary’s and my recollections of the meeting, as entry points. This article portrays Hebborn as a victim of his art education, who in the final analysis was neither a fine artist nor copyist but instead an art school trained illusionist who openly admited to creating a modus operandi that was designed to trick experts into uttering false instruments.
The meaning of fashion: A qualitative study with students in Romania
Authors: Nistor Laura
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the results of a focus-group-based qualitative study that was conducted with the students of two universities in Romania, with the aim to reveal their discourses regarding the meaning of fashion. The findings suggest that students define fashion through a complex semantic triangle of three inter-related concepts: fashion – style – being well-dressed. In this tripartite model, fashion receives mostly negative connotations compared with style, which is defined as a micro-level, personal take on fashion, i.e. it has agency, whereas fashion is defined as being at the macro-level and is accused of enforcing normativity and homogeneity. The meaning of being well-dressed refers mostly to dress codes and to the wearing of clothes that symbolize and signal social status, rather than to fashionable clothes. With such findings, it is possible to claim that the interviewees are ‘soft challengers’ of fashion: they are revolting against the normativity of fashion and seek to emphasize their agency when they put together an outfit. However, as much as possible, they try to respect the normative expectations of situational dress codes. When the three concepts were considered separately by the interviewees, each revealed several sub-dimensions/themes.
Scottish fashion influencers: Constructing a style identity on Instagram
Authors: Marcella-Hood Madeleine
Published: April 2020

This article builds on existing theories of self-presentation and self-identity through a study into the behaviour of fashion influencers who position themselves as Scottish on Instagram. Fourteen interviews were carried out with Scottish fashion influencers who were asked to reflect on their online identity. The interaction between the offline and online self is explored, where national identity and a sense of place are recognized as important attributes of self-identity in an offline setting and participants were sampled on the basis that they were projecting this as a key component of their online self. All were found to be seeking to convey an ideal identity on Instagram; this involved curating particular aspects of their offline style and showcasing these online. The issue of authenticity was complex, and a spectrum of identity evolution on Instagram is observed and reflected on. The most career-minded participants tended to portray themselves in a more one-sided manner and were most strongly influenced by a sense of their audience. In contrast, the participants who were less career-minded tended to explore more freely with their online self and were influenced most strongly by internal factors.
Da antropofagia e autofagia, ou a colonização que (já) vem de dentro
Authors: De Carvalho Paulo Archer
Published: April 2020

https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8622_19_10
Investigações da invenção e reinvenção da memória
Authors: Gil Bruno
Published: April 2020

Resumo O acto de investigar em arquitectura é ainda incerto. Se actualmente a sua pertinência tende a ser consensual, nem sempre o foi. Ainda são múltiplas as dúvidas quanto ao seu lugar num contexto do ensino da arquitectura e como pode contribuir para a transição entre aprendizagem e prática, clarificando relações entre teoria, história e projecto. É apenas na década de 1960 que se assiste a uma crescente instituição de centros de estudos em arquitectura que empreendem investigação. De forma independente, ou na Universidade, os métodos utilizados e objectivos vacilavam entre arte e ciência, e entre uma reinvenção da memória de forma retrospectiva e uma propensão prospectiva de invenção.  Como argumento principal procuram-se especificidades da investigação para a arquitectura, ensaiando definições, no tipo e na escala de investigação, e aferindo a validade de enquadramento na arquitectura. Partindo de experiências embrionárias da Bauhaus, passando pelo Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies ou pelo movimento Design Methods e chegando ao Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, exploram-se inclinações para uma investigação do tipo fundamental ou aplicado. Concluindo, problematiza-se a mediação entre investigação fundamental, enquanto contribuição intra-disciplinar, e investigação aplicada, enquanto compromisso extra-disciplinar. Por isso importa a questão: que investigação a arquitectura quer? Abstract The act of research in architecture is still uncertain. Even if its relevance tends to be consensual, it has not always been so. Multiple doubts persist on its place in a context of architectural education and how it can contribute to the transition between learning and practice, clarifying relationships between theory, history and design. It is only in the 1960s that we witness a growing establishment of research centres that undertake studies in architecture. Independently, or within the University, methods and objectives vacillated between art and science, and between a reinvention of memory, retrospectively, and invention, prospectively. As a main argument we seek specific features of research when applied to architecture, rehearsing definitions, of type and scale of research, and assessing their validity in the framework of architecture. Drawing on embryonic experiences from Bauhaus, to the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies or the Design Methods movement and reaching the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, we explore the inclination towards a basic or an applied type of research. Finally, we question the mediation between basic research, as intradisciplinary contribution, and applied research, while undertaking extradisciplinary compromises. Thus, it is important to question: which kind of research does architecture want?
Seven Lamps of Architectural Design
Authors: Gil Bruno
Published: April 2020

In the present, the contemporary model of the Design and Design Studio is constantly being tested and revised, before a rising heterodoxy of programs and methods. As a key, it is proposed the retrieval of John Ruskin’s essay “Seven Lamps of Architecture”. Written in 1849, the seven principles aimed to rescue, in an almost primitive way, Architecture as an Art that enlightens the remaining ones.  It returns to the example of Venice’s medieval stones to go forward on the symbolic indefiniteness of the industrial age, alerted by Pugin (1836). Ruskin’s lamps would indicate the modern way for the “total artwork” by William Morris. With Morris, the Design would be a part of a single process from concept to work, anticipating Bauhaus’s Modern Design - the “gesamtkunstwerk”. From Ruskin, more than the title, we propose to emulate the diligent attitude in clarifying a context, that in the present times increasingly concerns the indefiniteness between Design and Research within the education of the architect. We risk the “Seven Lamps of Architectural Design”. Not absolute, nor ideological, the lamps of “memory”, “research”, “method”, “projection”, “knowledge”, “language” and “invention”, are considered invariants, yet critical, for the enlightenment of the role of research in the design process. What research, individual or collective, subjective or objective, phenomenological or scientific, does the Architectural Design want?
De Architectis Instituendis: A Investigação pelo Desenho depois de Bolonha
Authors: Fernandes Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Os arquitetos devem ser especialistas em Investigação pelo Desenho, isto é, na capacidade de criar e manipular imagens que expressem ideias, relacionando diferentes áreas de conhecimento (estética, funcionalidade, construção, contexto físico e cultural, planeamento urbano, valores históricos e patrimoniais, sustentabilidade ambiental, etc.). Só um estudante que sabe utilizar o desenho como instrumento de investigação interdisciplinar pode ser considerado apto para iniciar uma especialização numa destas áreas.

Esta Investigação pelo Desenho não deve ser confundida com mera representação: a reflexão sobre os conceitos deve sempre ser mais valorizada do que a qualidade das imagens produzidas.

Este tipo de trabalho decorre obrigatoriamente nas aulas de Projeto, mas também pode ser desenvolvido em Unidades Curriculares de índole teórica, onde os estudantes podem desenvolver trabalho gráfico / analítico como método de investigação e como suporte para a comunicação das suas ideias. Mas hoje, em Portugal, este tipo de investigação tornou-se muito difícil de promover, devido às restrições resultantes da aplicação do chamado Processo de Bolonha, que levou a uma diminuição drástica das horas de contacto nas disciplinas teóricas, na generalidade dos cursos de Arquitectura.

Mas é ainda possível utilizar os temas de Projeto em exercícios teóricos de outras disciplinas, cruzando diferentes campos de conhecimento na mesma prática, treinando os alunos para responder a diferentes tipos de problemas e solicitações a propósito de um único exercício.
6.1. Design Studio Dissertation
Authors: Providência Paulo
Published: April 2020

he graduation process is the institutional recognition that someone has acquired competencies in a specific field or domain. Typically it is accomplished by a dissertation thesis in which the proponent shows his/her skills in the domain. Thinking so, some architecture schools promote design studio projects as dissertation thesis; in fact architectural design is the activity that better characterizes architecture as a profession, but it is also the most complex activity to evaluate. In spite of design studio allowing the acquisition of reflection- in-action competencies, design is also a cra7 and the design project as final result is heavily dependent on both.
Desigualdade e Políticas Redistributivas em Portugal (2008‑ 2017)
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos Farinha , Andra Isabel
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é o de estudar em pormenor os efeitos redistributivos das pensões, outras transferências socias e impostos em Portugal no período 2008‑17, incluindo a crise de 2010‑13 e a recuperação económica pós ‑2014. As sucessivas distribuições do rendimento e respetivas transições do rendimento de Mercado ao Disponível são analisadas. As pensões são objeto de atenção individual dada a sua importância crescente e serem elas que dão a maior contribuição para o decréscimo da desigualdade. A subida da dimensão, eficácia e progressividade dos impostos explica a relativa estabilidade do Gini durante a crise. Depois de 2014, a desigualdade do rendimento Disponível diminuiu significativamente devido à recuperação económica, quebra do desemprego e à alteração das políticas públicas.
A Erosão Drástica da Segurança de Rendimento na Reforma em Portugal: O Efeito Cumulativo dos Ajustamentos Incrementais
Authors: Murteira Maria Clara
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).
Acerca da Repartição Funcional do Rendimento na Economia Portuguesa
Authors: Abreu Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa empiricamente a evolução da parte dos salários no rendimento em Portugal entre 1960 e 2017, propondo uma grelha de interpretação da evolução da repartição funcional na economia portuguesa caracterizada pela existência de diferentes períodos. Consoante o período em questão, os resultados empíricos revelam a existência de associações fortes e significativas da evolução da repartição funcional com a taxa de crescimento real do PIB, com a taxa de inflação e com a taxa de desemprego, respetivamente. Estes resultados sugerem a sucessão ao longo do tempo de diferentes regimes de regulação da distribuição funcional do rendimento na economia portuguesa, que passam de contracíclicos a procíclicos no decurso do período em análise.
Uso de imagens do projeto PE3D para nivelamento de poços a serem usados em confecção de mapas potenciométricos
Authors: Silva Gisely Maria , Demetrio José Geilson Alves
Published: April 2020

Para confecção de mapas potenciométricos é necessário dispor das cotas do terreno a fim de obter o valor das cargas hidráulicas, porém, a obtenção dessas cotas por meio de levantamentos topográficos nem sempre é tão rápida e fácil. O uso de imagens de satélite para esse fim é frequente. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a efetividade do uso de imagens do projeto Pernambuco Tridimensional (PE3D) para construção de mapas potenciométricos. O projeto PE3D trata-se de um recobrimento aerofotogramétrico de todo o estado de Pernambuco com alta precisão. Para atestar esse propósito foram feitos levantamentos topográficos utilizando o Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), que fornece precisão até milimétrica. Esses levantamentos foram feitos em duas áreas diferentes, uma delas localizada na Bacia Sedimentar de Carnaubeira da Penha (PE) e outra na Bacia Sedimentar de Cedro (PE), somando 32 pontos. A partir desse levantamento as maiores diferenças entre as cotas obtidas por meio do DGPS e as cotas obtidas pelas imagens do PE3D, em termos absolutos, foi de 0,625 m, enquanto a menor diferença foi 0,007 m, sendo então a média 0,211 m. Também foram comparados os resultados do GPS de navegação, pois as coordenadas (X,Y) utilizadas no caso anterior foram adquiridas pelo DGPS, e este não é utilizado nos trabalhos de campo habituais. A maior diferença entre as coordenadas obtidas pelo GPS comum e o DGPS foi de 4,724 m, enquanto a menor diferença foi de 0,246 m, sendo então a média 1,780 m. Essas diferenças, portanto, não são suficientes para que a cota obtida pelo GPS comum apresente erros que mudem a forma do mapa potenciométrico. Conclui-se também que o uso de imagens do projeto PE3D é recomendado para estudos tanto de caráter regional, quanto para estudos detalhados.