bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and evaluation of physicochemical properties, phytochemicals and antimicrobial analysis of coconut oil
Authors: Jaji B.A. , Oloruntele I.O. , Sekoni H.A. , Ibrahim M. M. , Adeoye S.O.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the physical and chemical properties, phytochemical makeup, and antibacterial activity of coconut oil, derived from the coconut kernel. The oil's acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, and iodine value were assessed to determine its quality and stability. The density and percentage of free fatty acid were also determined. A phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify bioactive substances like flavonoids and saponin, contributing to its potential for therapeutic use and health benefits. The antibacterial activity of coconut oil was assessed against various pathogenic microorganisms using standard disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methodologies. The findings demonstrate coconut oil's potential as a functional ingredient in various applications, highlighting its antibacterial characteristics, rich phytochemical profile, and physico-chemical stability. This comprehensive investigation supports the use of coconut oil for improving health and wellbeing.
Mathematical modeling of poliomyelitis with control measure
Authors: Agbata B.C. , Obeng-Denteh W. , Achenecje G.O. , Amoah-Mensah J , Asante Mensa F. , Ezeafulukwe A.U. , Kwabi P. A.
Published: November 2024

Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a contagious viral illness that predominantly impacts young children, leading to paralysis and, in severe instances, death. Despite worldwide initiatives aimed at elimination, the spread of the poliovirus persists in various areas, highlighting the need for robust vaccination strategies. This research employed a mathematical model to explore the dynamics of poliovirus transmission, integrating vaccination as a crucial method for disease control. The model was analyzed to determine the basic reproduction number (R0 )and the stability properties of the diseasefree and endemic equilibrium. Our findings demonstrated that the system achieves local asymptotic stability when the basic reproduction number is less than one, global asymptotic stability when it is exactly one, and maintains a stable endemic equilibrium when it is greater than one. Sensitivity analysis revealed critical parameters influencing the basic reproduction number, emphasizing the impact of vaccination coverage and disease transmission rates on polio dynamics. Numerical simulations further elucidated the effectiveness of interventions such as reducing contact rates between susceptible and infected individuals and increasing the vaccination rate. Based on our results, we proposed recommendations to mitigate the polio burden, including enhanced vaccine availability, improved sanitation practices, and targeted healthcare interventions for vulnerable populations. This study contributes to the understanding of polio transmission dynamics and provides insights for optimizing control strategies towards global eradication efforts.
Regional disparities and socio-demographic determinants of clean cooking energy use among women in Nigeria
Authors: Sani J. , Ahmed A. , Hassan A. W. , Wali I. G. , Ahmad B. B , Bashir A. I. , Danjuma M.
Published: November 2024

This study examines regional disparities and socio-demographic factors influencing clean cooking energy use among women in Nigeria. Utilizing data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed a sample of 41,256 women aged 15-49. Our analysis reveals marked regional disparities, with the southwest showing the highest clean cooking energy use at 42.88% and the northeast the lowest at 1.32%. Bivariate analysis indicates that women in the South-South (COR: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.06-2.58, p < 0.001) and South-West (COR: 7.21, 95% CI: 6.53-7.97, p < 0.001) are significantly more likely to use clean energy compared to those in the North-Central. Multivariable logistic regression identifies wealth (AOR: 234.37, 95% CI: 96.89-566.92, p < 0.001), education (AOR: 5.30, 95% CI: 4.25-6.62, p < 0.001), and urban residence (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53-0.65, p < 0.001) as significant determinants of clean cooking energy use. These findings highlight the need for targeted policies to address regional and socio-demographic disparities and promote equitable access to clean cooking energy across Nigeria
Risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis and its spatial distribution among male children in selected communities in Shinkafi, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Surajo , Auta Timothy , Atalabi Tolulope Ebenezer , Ahmed Nalado Yusuf , Hassan Jafar , Joshua Ezra Jesse
Published: November 2024

Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium, which is endemic in Nigeria and is attributable to poverty, particularly in resource-constrained populations. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis among male children in Shinkafi, Badarawa, Jangeru, and Katuru Areas of Shinkafi Local Government, Zamfara State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted across the four (4) communities from July to November 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data of the participants. Five hundred and fifty-one (551) urine samples were collected and examined for the ova of Schistosoma haematobium using the centrifugation technique. The prevalence of the infection in the study communities is 42.8%. Jangeru community had the highest prevalence of 56.6%, then Shinkafi with a prevalence of 47.2%, followed by Badarawa with a prevalence of 36.6%, and Katuru with the lowest prevalence rate of 24.0%. The study confirmed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis in the studied area. The study identified factors such as closeness of the water bodies, age, and history of praziquantel treatment usage as the risk factors for schistosomiasis in the study area. The study suggests that improved environmental sanitation, water control measures, hygiene, implementation of regular mass deworming of infected male children, and public enlightenment should be highly sustained to lower the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area.
Levels of evidence of therapeutic studies published in the East African Orthopaedic Journal
Authors: Lakati K.C. , Wambugu T.B.W. , Kiraga L.S.
Published: November 2024

Background: The East African Orthopaedic Journal has published clinical scientific papers since 2007.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the levels of evidence of therapeutic studies published in the journal by using the Journal of Bone  and Joint Surgery-American (JBJS-Am) level-of-evidence rating system.
Methods: All clinical therapeutic studies published in the journal from 2007 to 2023 were reviewed. Historical notes, editorials, cadaveric  studies, case reports and literature reviews were excluded. Therapeutic studies were rated according to the JBJS-Am Level of Evidence  (LOE) grading system as Level I, II, III, IV, or V.
Results: A total of 218 original studies were published in the journal, out of which 65 were therapeutic studies, representing 30% of the  published papers. Level IV studies were the most predominant representing 69% of the therapeutic studies and 21% of the studies  published. Level II studies represented 20% of the therapeutic studies and 6% of studies published. Levels 1 and III studies were the least  predominant, both accounting for 5% and 6% respectively of the therapeutic studies and 1.4% and 1.8% of all the studies respectively.  Level IV studies predominated over the years with little improvement in Level I, II and III studies.
Conclusion: Most studies published in  the East African Orthopaedic Journal are Level IV studies. There has been no significant increase in Level I and II studies since inception of  the journal.
Perceived Effect of Fish Harvesting and Processing Methods on the Health Status of Fisherfolks in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Patrick Ogar Ogar , Nsa Akiba Ayi
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the impact of fish harvesting and processing methods on the health of fisherfolks in Cross River State, Nigeria. Employing a multi-stage sampling technique, 162 harvesters and 67 processors were selected from coastal areas with extensive fishing activities. Data were analyzed with percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank order correlation analysis. The results revealed that common fish harvesting methods include drift net (97%), gill net (90%), and hook and line (94%), while predominant processing methods were smoking with a chokor oven (94%) and smoking with a cylindrical drum. Insect bites (96.91%), injuries (95.68%) and sunburns (89.51%) were the major health issues faced by harvesters, while insect bites (100.0%), heat burns and injuries (92.54%, respectively, were predominant health issues faced by processors. Bamboo traps (=2.96), machetes (=2.92), and traditional screens (=2.53) significantly impacted the health of fisher folks during harvesting. For processors, smoking (=2.73), roasting (=2.58), and frying (=2.23) had severe health effects. Traditional fishing and processing methods pose significant health risks, causing issues like cold-related ailments, injuries, pneumonia, and heat burns. The study recommends that relevant government agencies establish critical safety regulations and provide appropriate personal protective equipment to fisherfolks involved in harvesting and processing activities
Use of Good Agricultural Practices Among Cassava Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Fasina Olusegun Oluwatosin , Tehinloju Olanrewaju Abidemi , Adesida Ireti Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the adoption of good agricultural practices by arable crop farmers in Southwest, Nigeria. Specifically, the study describes the farmers’ awareness of good agricultural practices; ascertains the good agricultural practices arable crop farmers have adopted and identifies the constraints farmers face in adopting GAPs. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 300 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule. 91.5% of the respondents knew about crop rotation. The majority 86.5% of farmers adopted one or more good agricultural practices. The proportion of the respondents that adopted practices like planting improved cassava varieties, and usage of pesticides approved by NAFDAC and recommended by the ADP extension agent. Among the constraints the respondents faced in adopting good agricultural practices, an increase in the cost of production and management requirements ranked highest. Most farmers were aware of various good agricultural practices and have also adopted one or more of the listed good ones. Agricultural Development Projects should encourage the formation and promotion of farmers’ groups, as it enhances information sharing about good agricultural practices, and thus favours the ease of adoption of good agricultural practices.
Arable Crop Farmers’ Use of Private Extension Services in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Omowunmi Veronica , Akomolafe Samuel Kolawole
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the arable crop farmers’ use of private extension services in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 95 respondents in the study area and data were collected through an interview schedule.  Data analysis was carried out using percentages and mean statistics. The study revealed there were few private extension service providers, and most (44.2%) of the arable crop farmers did not use private extension services. It also revealed that the respondents had an unfavourable attitude toward private extension services with a grand mean of 2.82. It was further revealed that only a few private extension providers were available to arable crop farmers. The farmers also believed that private extension could not provide all the services required for their agricultural production. The main constraint to private extension was that services of private extension were often geared to meeting the providers’ organizational needs (. The study concluded that farmers had unfavourable attitude to private extension. The study recommended a pluralistic approach to extension services and increased awareness to enlighten farmers about the importance of private extension services.
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Value-Added Cassava Flour (Pupuru) in Akoko North-East Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aina Bolanle Olumoyegun , Adewumi Temidire Olumoyegun
Published: November 2024

Agricultural value chains in Nigeria are expanding rapidly to ensure national food security. Of the diverse locally made cassava products, pupuru (fermented cassava flour) is one of the most consumed in Ondo state. The constraint of high perishability necessitates additional processing and bio-fortification as the solution. Value-added bio-fortified pupuru hygienically packaged now adorns store shelves against the traditional pupuru sold in the open market. Information from 120 respondents, was selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure, using an interview schedule to determine their willingness to pay for value-added pupuru. Majority of the respondents consume pupuru (75.8%), at home (62.5%), whenever available (59.2%) and purchase it (51.7%) from the open markets. There is low knowledge, but favourable attitude based on its ease of consumption (ẍ=3.95), preservation (ẍ=3.85) and non-toxicity (ẍ=3.80). The majority (60.0%) are willing to pay the extra cost of value addition. The correlation showed a significant relationship between consumers’ knowledge (r=0.624), perception (r=-0.328) and willingness to pay (p=<0.05) for value-added pupuru. Availability, affordable price and endorsement from trusted people influenced their willingness to pay. Increased investment in value-added, popular local foods like pupuru shows great promise for higher income generation, strengthening household nutritional security and agricultural development.
Action Against Child Labour for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Dr Agatha
Published: November 2024

Definition of child labour
International Labour Standards
Summary of the 2022 National Child Labour survey report
Actions to ensure Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria
Questions
Cocoyam Utilisation Pattern among Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Azeez Kaothar Kayode , Dolapo Tawakalitu Abiola , Adefalu Lateef Lawal , Aderinoye-Abdulwahab Sidiqat Adeyemi , Olowoyo A.Victoria
Published: November 2024

This study assessed the cocoyam utilisation pattern among rural households in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 160 respondents. Data were obtained using an interview schedule on sources of information used by the households, the pattern of cocoyam utilisation, respondents’ perception towards cocoyam utilisation and constraints to the utilisation. The Data obtained were analysed using mean scores, standard deviation, frequency and percentages. The results showed that family and friends were the main sources of information (66.3%) utilised by the respondents. Also, direct consumption of the cocoyam tubers (X̄=3.78+3.27) and use for the treatment of snake bites (X̄=2.45+2.05), and treatment of yellow eye (X̄=1.96 +1.57) were the major areas of utilisation either as food/recipe or medicinal pattern. Inadequate infrastructural facility (X̄=2.45) was considered as the main constraint to the utilisation of the cocoyam It is therefore concluded that cocoyam is mainly consumed directly in the study area despite respondents’ awareness and perception on the cocoyam value. The study thus recommends that farmers should be trained by extension institutions on the utilisation of the crop for other economic benefits.
Economic Effects of COVID-19 Agricultural Loan Palliative on Poultry and Fish Farmers’ Production in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Adetoun , Okunlola James. O
Published: November 2024

This study examined the effects of the COVID-19 Agricultural palliative loan on poultry and fish production in Ondo State Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiary farmers and determined the effect of the COVID-19 palliative loan on the farmers’ income level. A systematic sampling procedure was used in selecting 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, bar charts, chi-square, T-Test and mean statistics. Findings revealed that 72% and 70% of fish and poultry farmers respectively were within the age group of 40-59 with a mean age of 51 years. Results also revealed that there was a 28.7% increment in the income of the fish farmers while poultry farmers received a 5.5% increment. There was no significant difference in the income of the fish farmers (t=-1.25) and poultry farmers (t=-1.24). It was recommended that there should be the creation of a loan monitoring and evaluation committee to provide continuous follow-up and technical support to future beneficiaries of such loans to ensure that they use the loan for the intended purpose.
Effects of Climate-smart Agricultural Practices on Cassava Farmers’ Output in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Njoku Chukwudi Loveday , Mgbeokwere Miracle Chinedu , Izuogu Chibuzo Uzoma , Olaolu Michael Olatunji , Azuamairo Gillian Chidozie , Ibrahim-Olesin Sikiru , Agou Gabriel Daniel
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the effects of climate-smart agricultural practices on cassava farmers’ output in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents. Data were analysed using percentages, mean statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that early planting was adopted by 100% of farmers. However, a lack of credit (78.33%) was ranked as the highest constraint. A statistically significant positive correlation (0.3131) was found between climate-smart agricultural practices and output. The study concludes that early planting practices are widely adopted, while lack of credit presents a significant challenge to adopting Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices. Despite these challenges, CSA practices were found to have the ability to enhance cassava farmers’ output. To overcome these challenges, the study recommends implementing robust extension services, providing financial support, and offering education programmes to promote CSA adoption among farmers.
Effects of Participation of Women Rice Farmers in the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme on Rice Production in Ekiti and Ogun States
Authors: Tijani Ayanfunke Sarafat , Ogunbusola Aminat Olayinka , Balogun Eyitayo Oladimeji
Published: November 2024

The study examined the effects of the participation of women rice farmers in the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme (ABP) on rice production in Ekiti and Ogun States. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 143 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and interview schedule to obtain the enterprise characteristics, and level of rice production of women rice farmers while percentage, mean, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (α=0.05) were used to analyse the data. Average farm size, years of experience and rice yield were 2.2±1.3 acres, 17.4±6.8 years and 1.73±0.23 tons, respectively. Unfavourable attitude (61.5%) towards ABP due to inadequate credit facilities ( ¯x=1.89), delay in input supply ( ¯x=1.89) and other rice production incentives ( ¯x=1.66) explained the low level of women participation (55.2%) in ABP. The production efficiency of respondents decreased from 0.69 to 0.37, likewise, the profitability index from 40.0% to 36.8% after participation in ABP. Women rice farmers’ participation in ABP did not affect the level of rice production in the study area. Increasing loan access and other production incentives by the Government and stakeholders in subsequent agricultural intervention programmes will improve women's participation and rice production.
Level of Utilisation of Mobile Phones Among Maize Farmers in Osogbo Agricultural Development Programme Zone of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibitunde Ibidun Olatohun , Ojo Toyin Femi , Bello Olaadura Dorcas
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the level of utilisation of mobile phones among maize farmers in the Osogbo (ADP) Zone of Osun State, Nigeria. Using a three-stage sampling procedure, 120 respondents were sampled and interviewed. Data were analysed using percentages, weighted mean scores (WMS), chi-square, and correlation analyses at p=0.05. The results reveal that the majority (63.3%) indicated a moderate level of utilisation of mobile phones and weather reports ranked first (WMS=2.47) of all the indicators of the utilisation of mobile phones. Increase in farmers’ income ranked first (WMS =2.76) of all the perceived benefits of utilisation of mobile phones. There was a significant association between age (χ2 =22.716), marital status (χ2= 19.566), level of formal education (χ2 =24.195), and utilisation of mobile phones. The study concluded that there was a moderate level of utilisation of mobile phones in the study area and recommended that respondents should further increase and improve on mobile phone utilisation as doing this would further increase the various benefits derived from mobile phone utilisation in accessing agricultural information.
Actors’ Involvement in the Processing Activities of Locust Beans (Parkia BiglobosaJacq.) in Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria
Authors: Aribifo Damilola Leah , Farinde Akinloye Jimoh
Published: November 2024

The study assessed actors’ involvement in the processing activities of locust beans in Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the entrepreneurial activities along the processing stage of locust beans and determined the level of involvement of actors in the processing activities of Locust beans in Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 135 respondents for the study. A structured interview schedule was employed to elicit primary data. As part of the entrepreneurial activities of processing locust beans, all the respondents still cooked the unprocessed locust bean seeds using firewood while calabash and thick clothes were used for the fermentation process. Very few (1.5%) of the respondents produce more than 12kg (eight congos) of locust beans in a processing period. About 64 percent of the respondents had high level of involvement in the processing activities of locust beans. The study concluded that respondents are highly involved in the processing of Locust beans in the study area. Based on the findings, it is recommended that agro-industrial extension education by extension agencies on improved processing techniques should be encouraged to further enhance involvement in the processing of locust beans.
Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing the Adoption of Improved Maize Production Techniques among Farmers in Billiri Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Onwuaroh Augustine Sunday , Waziri Justina , Tata Libnah Algaita , Nwunuji Jimwae Akeweta
Published: November 2024

The research evaluated the socioeconomic characteristics influencing the adoption of improved maize production techniques among farmers in Billiri Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. From a population of 900 maize-growing households, 218 respondents were randomly chosen as the sample size. Data were analysed using percentages, mean, and logit regression. Results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 39.6 years, the majority (61.9%) of the farmers were male and most (81.7%) of the respondents were married. About three-quarters (72%) of the respondents attended tertiary education, the average household size of the participants was 9 persons, and the average farming experience was 9.2 years. Improved maize varieties were the most introduced maize technology to the farmers (80.8%), but fertilizer had the highest adoption rate (50.2%). The high cost of fertilizer was revealed by 68.1% of the respondents to be the major constraint facing the farmers Farmers’ education and credit were both significant at 1% and positive while experience obtained from farming and contact with extension agents were both statistically significant at 10%; farming experience was positive while extension contact was negative. Fertilizers should be subsidized by the government and education made affordable.
Effect of Service Compact (SERVICOM) on Employee Service Delivery: A Study of University of Nigeria Nsukka and Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka
Authors: Ezeanolue Amara , Chukwuemeka Emma
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the effect of the Service Compact (SERVICOM) on employee service delivery in Nigerian universities, focusing on the University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) and Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka (UNIZIK). Employing a descriptive survey design.Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for analysis, utilizing SPSS version 25 to ensure accurate results. Findings indicate that while SERVICOM has improved decision-making processes, its overall impact on service delivery remains mixed. There are notable variations in adherence to public service rules among different staff categories, affecting service quality. Challenges such as inadequate training, lack of awareness, and insufficient monitoring have hindered SERVICOM's effectiveness. The study concludes that SERVICOM has potential as a tool for enhancing service delivery in Nigerian universities but is limited by implementation challenges. Further research is recommended to explore SERVICOM's long-term impacts across various public institutions and the role of leadership and organizational culture in improving service delivery. Additionally, investigations into the effects of continuous training and awareness programs on the successful implementation of SERVICOM reforms are suggested.
Analysis of the Impact of Strategic Management on the Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in South Nigeria
Authors: Chukwubueze Amarime , Oko Okuwa
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the analysis of the impact of strategic management on the business performance of selected small and medium enterprises in south-south Nigeria.. The study is anchored on resource based and the contingency – based theories. The population of the study comprised of 1200 owners of small and medium enterprises while the sample size is made of 300 owners and operators of small and medium enterprises of the selected small and medium enterprises operating in south-south Nigeria through the aid of Taro Yamane’s formula multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data generated. It was discovered that, strategic management has a significant positive impact on the level of competition,enterprises effectiveness, financial performance and market share of small and medium scale enterprises in south-south Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that strategic management has significant impact on Business performance in south-south Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that for small and medium scale business to succeed, it has to have a real and noble plan which will enhance the growth of their businesses, ensuring that small and medium scale businesses have vision of what they hope to achieve, proper implementation of business strategy, and small and medium enterprises in Nigeria acquiring more knowledge on the application of strategic management
Exploring the Impact of Strategic Management Practices on the Governance of Local Government Authorities: Insights from Mufindi District Council in Tanzania
Authors: Pandisha Haghai
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of strategic management practices on the governance of local government authorities in Tanzania, with a focus on Mufindi District Council. The study aims to identify the relationship between strategic management practices and governance outcomes and to provide recommendations for improvement. A descriptive survey method was adopted, involving the collection and analysis of data from a questionnaire survey and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal that strategic management practices significantly impact the overall governance of the local government authority, enhancing participation, transparency, and accountability in decision-making, and improving service delivery and stakeholder satisfaction. The study also highlights the influence of strategic management on resource allocation, contributing to a more efficient and equitable distribution of resources. The research recommends that local government authorities in Tanzania adopt strategic management practices to enhance governance outcomes, prioritize participatory planning, transparency, and accountability, and allocate resources based on strategic priorities. By doing so, councils can improve service delivery, ensure accountability and transparency, and contribute to the development of their communities.
Leveraging on GIS to Enhance Efficiency and Promote Good Governance in Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution: Case Study of Njoro Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Ngugi S.S.W , Kiema J.B.K
Published: November 2024

In line with its interventions to tackle food insecurity and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, the Government of Kenya in 2022 allocated 3.55 billion Kenya Shillings as a subsidy to support farmers in purchasing fertilizers. Despite this initiative, however, corruption has led to the diversion of fertilizers to private shops, thus jeopardizing the intended distribution to needy farmers. This study aims to demonstrate the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to enhance efficiency and promote good governance in the distribution of subsidized fertilizer. The GIS approach addressed multiple factors, namely, reducing farmers' travel distance to access fertilizers, ensuring proper accountability for distributed fertilizers, guiding farmers in their use of the appropriate type and quantity of fertilizer based on soil and crop types, and increasing overall food production. Data applicable to eligible farmers such as land parcel details, soil information and crop types were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and integrated into a geodatabase. Spatial and statistical analyses revealed that most farmers operate on a small-scale and are located more than 40 km from the main government fertilizer depot, making transportation costs prohibitive. The proposed solution is to establish sub-depots at the ward level within a three-kilometer radius for easier access. A user-friendly dashboard displaying farmers' locations and farm data was created to enhance transparency and accountability, while optimizing fertilizer distribution logistics. The study showed that GIS is a powerful tool for enhancing the efficiency and promoting good governance in the distribution of agricultural inputs, thus ultimately contributing to improved food security and sustainable development.
Geospatial Analysis of Erelu Reservoir using Remote Sensing and Bathymetric Techniques in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Okoli F.U. , Okoli Samuel Emeka , Johnson N. G. , Oludiji Segun Muyiwa , Lawal Abayomi W
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted to provide information about the physical characteristics of Erelu reservoir in Oyo West Local Government Area, Oyo, in Oyo State. Data acquisition featured sounding by means of an echo sounder and for depth and position determination by means of a GPS while the tidal data used were based on existing data. Initial processing performed on the observed bathymetric data included; sorting with PowerNav and HYPACK 2018. Further processing was carried out using ArcGIS 10.7 and SUFFER 2016 software. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was used to extract the shoreline of the study area, while the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) was used for shoreline analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the maximum and minimum depths observed were 6.03m and 0.56m respectively 2023 an indication that the water is shallow. The surface area and volume values obtained were 120.94ha and 2975635.28943.13m3. Based on a linear and areal analysis, the bathymetric survey revealed that the maximum length and area reached in 2022 were 7855.171m and 84.506ha respectively, while the minimum length and area in 2017 were 7460.733m and 78.303ha respectively. Based on the results from DSAS, it was deduced that the accretion rate was high, while the erosion rate was minimal. Finally, the processed depths were analysed and presented in the form of charts, which may be used in the near future for planning and decision-making for proper management of the reservoir.
holistic categorisation of address purposes as an analytical entry point to finding solutions for addressing governance in South Africa
Authors: Laldaparsad Sharthi , Coetzee Serena , Davis Nerhene
Published: November 2024

An address is structured information allowing one to locate a building or other feature in the physical world; yet, in large parts of the world, including South Africa, many people must get by without such a utility. Although addresses are being rolled out, there is still no clarity concerning stakeholder responsibilities in the governance of addresses and address data in South Africa. In this paper, we present a categorisation of address purposes based on a holistic analysis of the many purposes of an address found in literature. Supported by this categorisation, stakeholders who could or should be involved in addressing governance in South Africa are identified. This first hierarchical categorisation of address purposes can be extended with additional levels of categorisation of new and diverse uses and purposes of addresses as they emerge.  The categorisation confirms the significant value of addresses to society, governance, and the economy, sanctioning the need for investments for implementing an effective addressing infrastructure. The study serves as the analytical entry point to finding solutions for more coherent policy formulation and governance.
Mapping smallholder maize farm distribution using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 data integrated with Sentinel-2, DEM and CHIRPS precipitation data in Google Earth Engine
Authors: De Villiers Colette , Munghemezulu Cilence , Tesfamichael Solomon G. , Mashaba-Munghemezulu Zinhle , Chirima George J.
Published: November 2024

Mapping smallholder maize farms in complex and uneven rural terrain is a major barrier to accurately documenting the spatial representation of the farming units. Remote sensing technologies rely on various satellite products for differentiating maize cropland cover from other land cover types. The potential for multi-temporal Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Sentinel-2, digital elevation model (DEM) and precipitation data obtained from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) version 2.0 was investigated for mapping maize crop distributions during the growing seasons, 2015–2021, in the Sekhukhune municipal area of Limpopo, a province in South Africa. Sentinel-1 variables, including monthly VH, VV, VV+VH (V = vertical, H = horizontal) polarization band data and data issuing from the principal component analysis of VH polarization were integrated with Sentinel-2-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), DEM terrain, and precipitation data. The random forest (RF) algorithm was applied to distinguish maize crops from four other land cover types, including bare soil, natural vegetation, built-up area, and water. The findings indicated that the models that used only Sentinel-1 data as input data had overall accuracies below 71%. The best performing models producing overall accuracies above 83% for 2015–2021 were those where Sentinel-1 (VV+VH) data were integrated with all the ancillary data. Overall, the McNemar test indicated enhanced performance for models where all other ancillary input data had been incorporated. The results of our study show considerable temporal variation in maize area estimates, with 59 240.84 ha in the 2018/2019 growing season compared to 18 462.51 ha in the 2020/2021 growing season. The spatial information gathered through these models proved to be valuable and is essential for addressing food security, one of the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Malaria in Sierra Leone in the context of the social determinants of health
Authors: Carshon-Marsh Ronald
Published: November 2024

No Abstract
Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research (SLJBR) and Partners Building Research Capacity in Sierra Leone
Authors: N'jai Alhaji U.
Published: November 2024

No Abstract
Short Communication/Commentary: 2YoungLives
Authors: Kamara Magenda , November Lucy
Published: November 2024

No Abstract
Factors associated with frequency and use of contraception among women in the Masuba Community, Bombali District, Sierra Leone
Authors: Palmer Peter , Kamara Sorie Ibrahim , Lewis Hannah
Published: November 2024

The use of contracepWon helps women and girls realize their basic rights to freely and responsibly decide when and how many babies they should have. However, few studies have examined contracepWon in Sierra Leone. Therefore, this study aimed to invesWgate the factors affecWng how o\en women in the Masuba Community, Bombali District, Sierra Leone use contracepWon. A community-based cross-secWonal design was used to collect quanWtaWve data using a simple random sampling technique to select eligible parWcipants from a sample of 403 women. We used structured quesWonnaires to interview parWcipants privately without hearing from a third party. At a 95% confidence level and 0.05 margin of error, the chi-square test was employed to determine the significance of the associaWon between cross-tabulated variables. The data collected were analyzed using the StaWsWcal Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0, with 380 women remaining a\er 23 missing during data collecWon. The results show the prevalence of contracepWve use was 65%. Women’s age (X2 = 13.958, P < 0.05) and educaWon level (X2 = 8.137, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with contracepWve use. Factors that were not significantly associated with contracepWve use were marital status (X2 = 1.542, P > 0.05), religion (X2 = 0.748, P > 0.05), and employment status (X2 = 1.038, P > 0.05). Therefore, policies aimed at scaling up contracepWon in Sierra Leone should consider religion, cultural impediments, and other socioeconomic factors among women through a strong advocacy program to increase the level of contracepWve awareness. AddiWonally, providing access to affordable and quality family planning services in remote and underserved areas can increase uWlizaWon rates and help reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. This can be achieved through mobile clinics, community health workers, and partnerships with local healthcare faciliWes.
Effects of seed size and germination percentage with different treatments in Holoptelia integrifolia
Authors: Bohra N.K. , Kataria Ajay , Manda Manita , Rawalram
Published: November 2024

Holoptelia integrifolia is an important tree of tropical and temperate regions owing to its uses as an afforestation tree as well as a traditional medicinal plant. A study was carried out to know variations in seed size and germination in seeds collected from various locations. Seeds from 13 locations in different parts of Rajasthan. Variation in seed size and germination percentage by using different treatments and plant growth regulators. Detailed results and a futuristic approach are presented in this paper.
The Contribution of Applicable Smart and Sustainable Technologies in Recreation to City Happiness
Authors: Özkan Rıza Tayfur , Alpullu Aytekin , Ramos William
Published: November 2024

We are aware that the efficient use of time is important for individuals. However, the fact that urban dwellers trying to live in cities have limited free time to spare for themselves creates difficulties in terms of the development of social well-being. The presence of technology, which has recently developed in the world, in our individual lives is indisputable. However, the long transportation times of individuals living in the city during the day is an important factor that causes the lack of free time periods. Matching the presence of technology with smart equipment that urban dwellers can enjoy and use in a sustainable way at appropriate points in cities will contribute to the happiness of society. This formation will actually provide us with the opportunity to transform technological renewal in cities into happy cities. For this reason, both the concrete existence of the concepts of smart city and happy city in 4 major cities of the world (Istanbul, Indiana, Amsterdam, Shanghai) and their reflections on the city dwellers are examined. Through interviews with the relevant people who serve the concepts of smart designs, technologies, recreational equipment and happy cities in the cities and concrete data, comparative sources of information on recreational technologies, sustainable and happy cities are provided. These sources consist of people who provide services on recreational technologies and services in the mentioned cities. The purpose of the sample group is to obtain information about city recreational technology studies from people who serve recreational city technologies, as well as to examine their views on city technologies and city happiness. In our study; the reflected and measurable (United Nations World Happiness Reports) dimensions of the concept of happy city are tried to be put forward in a scientific sense by comparing the examples created in cities and their reflections. In my 3rd TİK report on the thesis, the purpose of the study, the research model, the tools used to obtain data in the research, purposive sampling, research reliability, analysis, thematic coding information, ethical evaluation and the sample group information of this study applied online to 4 countries in 3 different continents, the table of research cities information and the findings (maxqda maps) graphics were added. In addition, general information about the concepts of leisure, recreation, smart city and happy city, which constitute the main theme of the research, is included.
Comprensión de la discapacidad en la cosmovision de la diversidad humana
Authors: Morantes Carvajal Irma Candelaria
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo constituye una reflexión sobre la cosmovisión de carácter social que enmarca la discapacidad en la actualidad como objeto de estudio, es la búsqueda de una episteme unificadora que considere la diferencia, vulnerabilidad, pluralidad, dignidad y condición humana en una cosmovisión más amplia y acorde al mundo global contemporáneo cada día más fracturado por las identidades separativas. Se propone entonces, la diversidad humana como una postura filosófica-educativa sustentada en el enfoque ontológico de la pluralidad, la ética de la diferencia o alteridad, la tradición existencialista, la fenomenología de la percepción, la perspectiva constructivista, la tradición humanista y neohumanista y el enfoque experiencial-vivencial, que conduce indudablemente a una postura crítica respecto al papel fundamental de la educación en la promoción de una comprensión profunda y respetuosa de la diversidad en el conocimiento de lo humano.
ANALYSIS OF THE WORK OF THE PROSUMER WITH SOLAR POWER PLANT AND HEAT PUMP
Authors:   CIRED Srbija, Srbija, Simendić Zoran , Švenda Goran ,   University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, RS, Latas Tatjana ,   Somborelektro d.o.o. Sombor, Srbija, Mraović Dalibor ,   Aqua Flam Vent d.o.o. Sombor, Srbija
Published: November 2024

The integration of solar power plants and heat pumps in households is expanding in the world, and in recent years more and more in Serbia. The possibilities of such an integrated system, its advantages and disadvantages, and above all its economic justification, in relation to classic systems for heating and cooling households, are the main topics of this paper. Classic systems are considered to be systems that use only electricity from the distribution network, use electricity, gas and/or pellets (usually for households in the Republic of Serbia), or have additional sources of energy in addition to electricity from the distribution network (solar power plant or heat pump ). In accordance with that, the costs of their realization and the costs of their use were highlighted as the basic indicator of the economic justification of the system The possibilities of the integrated system were analyzed over a long period of time, in the area of Elektrodistribucija Sombor, in a household that has a heat pump and a solar power plant with which it can cover its entire consumption. The data that were measured during one year were compared with the data that would have been received in that household if the household had been heated and cooled using one of the classic systems during the same period. Current prices and regulations in Serbia were used for calculations.
STOCHASTIC DISTURBANCE BY “WHITE” NOISE WAVE FUNCTIONS IN THE PARABOLIC POTENTIAL AND STATISTICAL WAVE PACKET LIFETIME DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Mazmanishvili O.S.
Published: November 2024

The work examines the parabolic potential, which as the whole is subject to the stochastic influence of the random process of “white” noise, and the dynamics of the wave function of a particle in it. Based on the found solu-
tions to the nonstationary Schrödinger equation, the time evolution of the wave function is considered. The problem of destroying the wave packet of a particle is formulated and analyzed, which is realized when the condition of achieving the dispersion of the packet of a given size is met. For the random variable – time to destruction – the probability distribution density is given.
Effect of Artemisia annua Extract on Kidney Functions and Histology in Experimental Diabetic Rats
Authors: Akoul Marwa
Published: November 2024

This study sought to understand the impact of an alcoholic extract of Artemisia annua on kidney function in experimental diabetic rats. For this study, fifty adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: G1 received unrestricted access to food and water. G2: To induce diabetes, a single intravenous injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) is administered. The third group undergoes insulin subcutaneous injections for four weeks after each STZ injection. The fourth group takes Artemisia annua extract orally (by gavage) at a dose of 75 mg/kg for four weeks following each STZ injection. The fifth group takes insulin subcutaneously (by gavage) and Artemisia annua extracts orally (70 mg/kg) for four weeks following each STZ injection. We took blood samples from the orbital sinus to estimate creatinine, urea, uric acid, SOD, GPX, and CAT in the serum. We extracted the kidneys for histopathological investigation after slaughtering the animals. The current results demonstrated a significant reduction in all kidney functions, including creatinine and urea, as well as uric acid, following treatment with insulin, Artemisia annua extract, or a combination of insulin and extract. According to these results, the amount of SOD in G3, G4, and G5 is significantly higher than in G1 and G2. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the amounts of GPX and CAT. The histopathological results of the kidney in groups G1 and G4 revealed a normal histological appearance. Kidneys of G2 exhibit glomerular atrophy and interstitial hemorrhage. G3 displayed tubular epithelial degeneration, necrosis, mesangial cell hyperplasia, glomerular atrophy, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The kidney of G5 displays blood vessel dilatation, congestion, glomerular atrophy, and acute swelling of epithelial cells. In conclusion, the alcoholic extract of Artemisia annua reduces the kidney function in experimental diabetic rats and can alleviate the histological damage of diabetes on renal tissue.