bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la elección presidencial de 2005 en Bolivia
Authors: Romero Ballivián Salvador
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Bolivia celebró en 2005 una elección presidencial anticipada que constituyó la respuesta a la grave crisis política y social que vivió el país en los años previos. El resultado de los comicios no tuvo precedentes en la historia democrática reciente pues por primera vez un candidato consiguió la mayoría absoluta y los partidos hasta entonces dominantes quedaron en una posición desairada. El triunfador, Evo Morales, encabezó una organización de izquierda que criticó con dureza el liberalismo económico, reivindicó el nacionalismo, prometió una reforma profunda de la política e hizo énfasis en la identidad étnica indígena. Superó por amplio margen al ex presidente Jorge Quiroga y conformó el primer gobierno monocolor desde el retorno a la democracia. El artículo busca ofrecer una explicación política y sociológica de los principales datos de la elección, interesándose en el desarrollo de la campaña y el comportamiento de los votantes.ABSTRACT: Bolivia celebrated in 2005 a presidential early election that constituted the response to the serious political and social crisis that lived through the country in the previous years. The result of the assemblies did not have precedents in the democratic recent history since for the first time a candidate obtained the absolute majority and the parties till then dominant stayed in a graceless position. The winner, Evo Morales, headed an organization of left side that criticized with hardness the economic liberalism, claimed the economic nationalism, promised a deep reform of the politics and did emphasis in the ethnic indigenous identity. He overcame for wide margin the ex-president Jorge Quiroga and the first government shaped monocolor from the return to the democracy. The article seeks to offer a political and sociological explanation of the principal information of the election, being interested in the development of the campaign and the behavior of the voters.
Más allá de lo mestizo, más allá de lo aymara: organización y representaciones de clase y etnicidad en La Paz
Authors: Barragán Romano Rossana
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los procesos de identificación y representación identitaria en Bolivia. Las identidades y las culturas no sólo conforman elementos compartidos y de coherencia colectiva, sino que también se estructuran en torno a tensiones y contradicciones, y son contextuales y relacionales. Partiendo, por lo tanto, de concepciones de la identidad y de la cultura que se reconocen como conjuntos que no son homogéneos dentro del mismo individuo, el trabajo se acerca a la identidad aymara y mestiza en La Paz, desde una observación de la cotidianidad en dos tipos de comercio en La Paz: los mercados y el comercio callejero. Finalmente, se buscará establecer las asociaciones de clase y de estructuras de dominación que subyacen en este universo de identificaciones.ABSTRACT: The article aims to reflect on the processes of construction of identity and class in Bolivia. Identity and culture constitute at some level a shared sense of collective self, but moreover are also structured around inherent tensions and contradictions, and are complex contextual and relational concepts. Thus, taking the starting point that identity and culture are not homogenous concepts even within the individual, the article develops an analysis of the aymara and mestizo identities in the city of La Paz, through a study of daily life in two commercial activities: the market place, and street vendors. Finally, the article reflects on the associations of class and structures of domination which are contained within this universe of identities.
Uruguay 2006: desarrollo equivo o ruptura con la historia
Authors: Bittencourt Gustavo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se argumenta que el muy bajo desempeño económico de Uruguay durante el siglo XX y en particular desde la década de 1960, que lo aleja progresivamente de la dinámica de la economía mundial aumentando la brecha de subdesarrollo, se explica fundamentalmente por la especialización del país en productos de muy escasa dinámica en el mercado mundial así como de muy bajo dinamismo tecnológico. El ensayo de modelo (neo)liberal en lo económico y conservador en lo político resultó un fracaso en términos de mejorar la tasa de crecimiento de largo plazo del país, profundizando su especialización basada en productos primarios. Esto implica además un problema en términos de la capacidad de generación de empleos y de la distribución de ingresos. La reactivación reciente así como algunas medidas adoptadas por el nuevo Gobierno Progresista han resultado exitosas en aumentar los salarios, reducir la informalidad y ordenar la macroeconomía luego de la profunda crisis financiera que explotó en el 2002. Pero la ruptura con el pasado, necesaria para elevar significativamente la tasa de crecimiento sostenible de esta economía, requerirá posiblemente de otras acciones en torno a una estrategia de desarrollo de largo plazo, que ponga sus miras en mejorar la capacidad innovadora de la estructura productiva desarrollando nuevas ramas mediante la integración regional.ABSTRACT: This article shows that Uruguay’s very low long term growth performance, which implies an increasing divergence with respect to the world economy, is explained by specialization and productive problems. Uruguay produces and sells goods with very low dynamics in the world markets, and with slow technology changes. The (neo)liberal and politically conservative development model applied in the last decades, failed in the objective of improving the long term growth rate, because this model implied a productive structure based in natural resources with little value added. This kind of specialization also implies problems in employment generation and distributional affairs. The recent recovery, and some measures applied by the new Gobierno Progresista, were successful in improving wages, in reducing informality, and in solving macroeconomic problems coming from the financial crisis of 2002. But the break up with the past, needed to improve in a sustained way the long run growth rate, however, will need to define a long run strategy looking for a more innovative productive structure by means of the regional integration process.
La marimba: lenguaje musical y secreto de la violencia política en Guatemala
Authors: Dietrich Wolfgang , Dietrich Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

El autor refleja la construcción de la música nacional en el proceso del devenir del Estado nacional guatemalteco. Este proceso comienza formalmente a principios del siglo XIX, pero no ha concluido aún. Para el mito del Estado nación y para aquellos que lo utilizan para su proyecto de dominación, es de importancia decisiva que la música nacional se distinga externamente de las músicas expresadas por otras naciones, y para usos internos sirva al proceso de homogeneización nacional. Desde los mediados del siglo XIX la música en Guatemala se utiliza para transmitir ideologías que sirven a la construcción de tal mito. La música vernácula de los pueblos mayas no sigue esta lógica, por lo tanto está considerada inferior o «incorrecta». Para el mito del Estado nación sólo el pueblo como concepto abstracto en su conjunto, y no el grupo concreto e individual, podría entender y valorar la música nacional. Suponiendo esto, la música nacional se convirtió en una herramienta elemental y efectiva del mecanismo represivo de la deculturación.  La marimba entonces funciona como símbolo del Estado nación guatemalteco. Las dictaduras militares, siendo ellas las principales responsables del genocidio contra los mayas, declararon la marimba cromática instrumento nacional. Tras un largo camino de violencia la marimba desindianizada y por lo tanto ladinizada, se convirtió en instrumento nacional. En el período de la violencia, la marimba cromática no cesó de sonar en los sitios nocturnos y en los restaurantes elegantes de la capital. Entretanto los mayas en el altiplano seguían cargando sus k’ojomes a cuevas y hondonadas para protegerlos de los militares. Por ello, la diversidad anárquica y rebelde de la tonalidad del k’ojom sigue siendo el lenguaje vernáculo y secreto de los grupos e individuos que no pertenecen al mundo nacional de la marimba cromática.
Redes regionales y movimientos sociales transnacionales en patrones emergentes de colaboración y conflicto en las américas
Authors: Korzeniewicz Roberto Patricio
Published: May 2020

Con este artículo buscamos sugerir algunas pautas para el debate sobre las transformaciones de «la ciudadanía» en América Latina. Después de una breve revisión de los procesos que inciden en las reconfiguraciones de la ciudadanía, argumentamos que la aproximación formal a los derechos y obligaciones ciudadanas debe ser renovada y complementada con una aproximación antropológica; argumentamos también que los procesos de globalización y cambio societal plantean nuevos interrogantes. Una vez sentadas esas temáticas «transversales», elaboramos algunas reflexiones acerca de las principales dimensiones «clásicas» de la ciudadanía (los dere¬chos civiles, políticos y sociales) así como el tema emergente de la ciudadanía étnica.
El gobierno de Lula en busca de un rumbo
Authors: Gonçalves Couto Cláudio
Published: May 2020

El gobierno de Lula acaba de completar su primer tercio de mandato y vive un momento de crisis e indefinición. Su popularidad cae, la economía continúa enfriada y la inde¬finición parece ser el rasgo de su administración. Lula llegó al gobierno al frente de un partido cuya actuación siempre estuvo marcada por una contumaz oposición y por la prédica de una moral pública intachable. A pesar de esto, en la actualidad, hay carencia de mayor claridad en sus mani¬festaciones sobre el establecimiento de un proyecto de construcción estatal que supere el mora¬lismo y el oposicionismo.
›Quality TV‹ made 1960
Authors: Heck Stephanie
Published: May 2020

Stephanie Heck unterzieht in ihrem Beitrag Fritz Umgelters Fernsehadaption AM GRÜNEN STRAND DER SPREE einer umfassenden Werkanalyse, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Charakteristika, die im »Quality TV«-Diskurs als ästhetische wie erzähltechnische Implikationen serieller Komplexität gelten. Von der Autorin wird dabei eine historische Vertiefung der Auseinandersetzung mit »Qualitätsserien« angestrebt. Sie zeigt auf, dass die ästhetische wie narrative Komplexität des sog. »Straßenfegers« ein Aufgreifen des »cinematografischen« Stils im jungen Medium Fernsehen bedeutet, wobei Letzterer durch den seriellen Aufbau eine Fortsetzung und Potenzierung erfährt.
Fictions of Legibility
Authors: Stoicea Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Gabriela Stoicea examines how the incidence and role of physical descriptions in German novels changed between 1771 and 1929 in response to developments in the study of the human face and body. As well as engaging the tools and methods of literary analysis, the study uses a cultural studies approach to offer a constellation of ideas and polemics surrounding the readability of the human body. By including discussions from the medical sciences, epistemology, and aesthetics, the book draws out the multi-faceted permutations of corporeal legibility, as well as its relevance for the development of the novel and for facilitating inter-disciplinary dialogue.
Werk ist Weltform
Authors: Hintze Lena
Published: May 2020

Rainald Goetz ist für die Gruppierung von einzelnen Veröffentlichungen zu Werkverbünden und die dazugehörige einheitliche Gestaltung seiner Bücher bekannt. Die Frage, was diese Beobachtung des äußeren Zusammenhangs für die Einzeltexte bedeutet, ist bislang offengeblieben. Lena Hintze faltet am Beispiel des Werkkomplexes »Heute Morgen« den Paratext in das Innere der Texte hinein und schlägt so eine systematisch konzipierte Gesamtdeutung vor, die sich an der Engführung von frühromantischer Poetik mit Strategien der Pop-Ästhetik orientiert. Dabei erschließt sie eine Fülle an Material, das die von Rainald Goetz versuchte Öffnung der Schrift hin zu anderen Medien demonstriert.
Politiken der Generativität
Authors: Schutzbach Franziska
Published: May 2020

Bevölkerungspolitik hat sich seit der UN-Bevölkerungs-Konferenz in Kairo 1994 grundlegend verändert. Geburtensteuernde Zwangsmaßnahmen wurden offiziell abgeschafft und selbstbestimmte Fortpflanzung auf die Grundlage von Menschenrechten gestellt. Allerdings sind auch die hier zugrunde liegenden Konzepte nicht frei von normativen Prämissen in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Sexualität, Ethnie und Gesundheit. Franziska Schutzbach stellt in ihrer Untersuchung - in deren Zentrum die Adaption der UN-Agenda im europäischen Kontext steht - heraus, dass die gegenwärtige Essenzialisierung der Generativität im Rahmen einer heteronormativen Zweigeschlechtlichkeit zentral für die Reproduktion der herrschenden Gesellschafts- und Geschlechterverhältnisse ist.
4. Energy and the environment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jewitt Sarah , Atagher Peter , Clifford Mike , Ray Charlotte , Sesan Temilade
Published: May 2020

Around 2.7 billion people globally and 80% of households in Sub-Saharan Africa rely on solid biomass fuels for cooking and heating. This results in high levels of exposure to household air pollution (HAP); the second most common cause of death in eastern, central and western sub-Saharan Africa. Top-down technology-oriented initiatives seeking to promote the uptake of »improved« cookstoves (ICS) have had limited success to date. Drawing on participatory cooking events in the UK, Malawi and Zambia plus in-depth field-based research in Nigeria, we discuss our use of participatory engagement activities that gave voice to (and encourage emic understandings of) end-user priorities regarding fuel and cookstove use. We argue that such approaches can be effective in promoting two-way knowledge sharing between ICS producers, promoters and end-users. We also suggest that community-wide participatory approaches used in sanitation initiatives have potential to be adapted within ICS interventions to help deepen understandings of locally specific cooking preferences and integrate community and scientific knowledges about the causes of health issues linked to solid fuel use.
Sexualität - Geschlecht - Affekt
Authors: Binswanger Christa
Published: May 2020

Unterscheiden sich Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit in der Sexualität? Sind Begehren und damit einhergehende Affekte geschlechtsspezifisch? Christa Binswanger untersucht die Wechselwirkung von Sexualität, Geschlecht und Affekt in deutschsprachiger Literatur von 1954 bis 2008. Sexuelle Scripts dienen ihr auf intrapsychischer, interpersoneller und kultureller Ebene als Analyseinstrument für ausgewählte literarische Texte, die historisch eingeordnet und einem queer reading unterzogen werden. Die Metapher des Palimpsests veranschaulicht dabei die Verflechtung sexueller Scripts mit Konzepten von Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit.
Normalität und Subjektivierung
Authors: Rein Angela
Published: May 2020

Welche Bedeutungen haben Normalitätskonstruktionen von Care Leaver*innen aus biographischer Perspektive? Wie wird in der stationären Jugendhilfe Biographie konstruiert? Welches widerständige Potenzial entwickeln die jungen Erwachsenen und welche Rolle spielen hierbei Differenz- und Machtverhältnisse? Auf der Basis von biographischen Erzählungen gibt Angela Rein Einsichten in Subjektivierungsprozesse in der stationären Jugendhilfe. Ihre adressat*innenbezogene und subjektivierungstheoretisch inspirierte Studie leistet damit einen zentralen Beitrag zu bislang wenig beachteten Aspekten der Care-Leaver*innen-Forschung.
Interaktion im Kunstmuseum
Authors: Hübscher Sarah
Published: May 2020

Das Kunstmuseum als Gegenwartsort partizipativer Demokratie? Sarah Hübscher zeigt das Museum Ostwall im Dortmunder U als »Reallabor« sozialer Öffentlichkeiten und eröffnet damit eine interdisziplinäre Sicht auf Kunst und Bildung, Institution und Akteur*innen, Sichtbarkeiten des Vergangenen und Gestaltungsformen des Gegenwärtigen. Die Interaktion wird dabei zum entscheidenden Moment bei der Konzeption kollaborativer Projekte in der Vermittlung und im Umgang mit Objekten und Räumen der Sammlung. Zugleich diskutiert die Studie kultur- und bildungswissenschaftliche Positionen in der Verschränkung mit raumtheoretischen und erinnerungskulturellen Überlegungen.
Institutionskritik im Feld der Kunst
Authors: Brüggmann Franziska
Published: May 2020

Institutionskritik ist hochaktuell und aus den kuratorischen Debatten nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie dient als Folie für kritische Akteure, um sich im Kunstfeld zu positionieren. Als künstlerische Praxis vielfach untersucht, blieb bisher jedoch ungeklärt: Wie reagieren Kunstinstitutionen und kuratorische Praktiken auf Institutionskritik? Franziska Brüggmann gibt entlang dieser Frage einen systematischen Überblick über den institutionskritischen Diskurs und zeichnet die institutionellen Strategien der Kritik nach. Aktuelle Fallstudien bringen dabei gegenwärtige Formen von Institutionskritik nahe und zeigen deren neue Schauplätze.
Ästhetik der Autonomie
Authors: Heinrich Hanna
Published: May 2020

Performance-Kunst ist mehr als ein kulturindustrielles Spektakel, denn sie will auf die Beteiligten existenziell einwirken. Hanna Heinrich entwickelt Analysekategorien, die die Kommunikationsmodi dieser Kunstform ebenso wie ihren gesellschaftstransformativen Anspruch philosophisch ergründen. Dazu bedient sie sich der ästhetischen Positionen G.W.F. Hegels, Friedrich Nietzsches, Martin Heideggers, Alain Badious und Michel Foucaults, die der Kunst große emanzipatorische und soziopolitische Kraft zusprechen sowie politischer Philosophien und Ethiken und zeigt damit auf: »Gelungene« Performances stellen sich als exemplarische Handlungsräume mit utopischem Potenzial der gegenwärtigen Entfremdung entgegen und verweisen auf die (Mit-)Verantwortung und Freiheit jedes Einzelnen.
Die »Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient« im Kontext globaler Verflechtungen (1914-1921)
Authors: Krug Samuel
Published: May 2020

Das politische Interesse in Deutschland am Islam hat seinen Ursprung im Ersten Weltkrieg, als das Kaiserreich zusammen mit dem Osmanischen Reich die »Revolutionierung« der islamischen Welt gegen die Entente-Mächte anstrebte. Eine zentrale Organisation im Feld der Dschihadisierung und der Kriegspropaganda war die 1914 gegründete »Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient«. Mit der Neukontextualisierung dieser Einrichtung unter Einbeziehung der Vorkriegs- und Kolonialgeschichte sowie der Agency einzelner Akteure gelingt es Samuel Krug, die Geschichte der Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient aus dem bisherigen Narrativ des Scheiterns als Kriegs- und Propagandainstrument zu befreien und eine spannende Geschichte globaler Netzwerke und Diskurse aufzudecken.
Examining the Contact Filter Paper Method in the Low Suction Range
Authors: Leong E. C. , Wijaya M. , Tong W. Y. , Lu Y.
Published: May 2020

The filter paper method for measuring suction is standardized in ASTM D5298-16, Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper. The contact filter paper is usually calibrated using a pressure plate apparatus from 10 to 1,500 kPa. The filter paper calibration curve is commonly plotted on a log-log or semilog graph with water content as the abscissa and suction as the ordinate. To evaluate the accuracy of the filter paper calibration curve in the low suction range (<10 kPa), the Whatman No. 42 filter paper is assessed using the capillary-rise method for suction range from 0.1 to 1.6 kPa and using the Tempe cell for suction range from 3 to 7 kPa. The test results from the capillary-rise method and Tempe cell tests show different trends. The difference in trends is attributed to the limitation of the axis-translation technique used in the Tempe cell test, which is not applicable at a high degree of saturation. The capillary-rise method shows that the Whatman No. 42 filter paper has a maximum water content of about 135 % and minimum measurable suction of about 1 kPa. The water content of the filter paper at 1 kPa suction can be used to supplement the other method for suctions greater than 10 kPa to give the calibration curve of the Whatman No. 42 filter paper.
Prospective evaluation of aldosterone LC-MS/MS-specific cutoffs for the saline infusion test
Authors: Fries Charlotte Michaela , Bae Yoon Ju , Rayes Nada , Sandner Benjamin , Isermann Berend , Stumvoll Michael , Fagotto Valentina , Reincke Martin , Bidlingmaier Martin , Mandy Vogel , Kratzsch Jürgen , Fenske Wiebke Kristin
Published: May 2020

Objective

Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become state of the art for the quantitative analysis of steroid hormones. Although method comparisons show that aldosterone measurement using LC-MS/MS yields considerably lower levels than immunoassays (IAs), method-specific cutoff values for primary aldosteronism (PA) are largely missing. Objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of proposed LC-MS/MS-specific cutoff values for the saline infusion test (SIT).

Design and methods

From 2016 to 2019, 104 consecutive patients suspected of PA underwent the SIT and captopril challenge test in the tertiary medical center at the University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany. Patients with positive case confirmation underwent adrenal imaging and adrenal venous sampling for subtype classification.

Results

Overall, proposed assay-specific PACLC-MS/MS cutoff values for the SIT achieved higher diagnostic accuracy than established PACIA values with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% (95% CI: 71.0–96.5) and 97% (95% CI: 89.6–99.6) for a cutoff of 120 pmol/L and 93.8% (95% CI: 79.2–99.2) and 92.5% (95% CI: 83.4–97.5) for a cutoff of 94 pmol/L. The most accurate post-SIT PACLC-MS/MS cutoff value in this study was 83 pmol/L, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 96.9% (95% CI: 83.8–99.9) and 92.5% (95% CI: 83.4–97.5), respectively.

Conclusions

The present data confirm the need for the implication of lower method-specific aldosterone cutoff values for the diagnosis of PA with LC-MS/MS based aldosterone measurement.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study on incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands over 3 decades
Authors: de Ridder Mischa , Nieveen van Dijkum Els , Engelsman Anton , Kapiteijn Ellen , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , Rasch Coen R N
Published: May 2020

Objective

To perform a nationwide population based study in ATC on incidence, treatment and survival.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

All patients with primary ATC between 1989 and 2016 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Of all these patients excerpts from the pathology reports from PALGA: Dutch Pathology registry were linked to the data of the NCR. Standardized incidences were calculated, survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and univariable statistically significant factors were included in a multivariable regression model.

Results

In total, 812 patients were included. Mean standardized incidence rates were 0.18/100 000 (range 0.11–0.27/100 000) with a significant trend over the years with an estimated annual percentage change of 1.3% per year (95% CI 0.4–2.1%). Median overall survival was 2.2 months, and estimated 1-year survival was 12%. Patients without distant metastases at diagnosis had an estimated 1-year survival of 21.6%. Prognostic factors for prolonged survival were double or triple therapy, age below 65 years, M0-status and absence of bilateral lymph node metastases.

Conclusions

ATC is rare, but often lethal, form of thyroid cancer, with a median survival of 2 months and 1-year survival of approximately 10%. The incidence is slightly rising in the Netherlands over the past 3 decades. There appears to be a subgroup of patients that survive longer, mainly those with relatively limited disease who underwent double or triple therapy. Further research is needed to define these patients more distinctively.
Evidence That Runt Acts as a Counter-Repressor of Groucho During Drosophila melanogaster Primary Sex Determination
Authors: Mahadeveraju Sharvani , Jung Young-Ho , Erickson James W
Published: May 2020

Runx proteins are bifunctional transcription factors that both repress and activate transcription in animal cells. Typically, Runx proteins work in concert with other transcriptional regulators, including co-activators and co-repressors to mediate their biological effects. In Drosophila melanogaster the archetypal Runx protein, Runt, functions in numerous processes including segmentation, neurogenesis and sex determination. During primary sex determination Runt acts as one of four X-linked signal element (XSE) proteins that direct female-specific activation of the establishment promoter (Pe) of the master regulatory gene Sex-lethal (Sxl). Successful activation of SxlPe requires that the XSE proteins overcome the repressive effects of maternally deposited Groucho (Gro), a potent co-repressor of the Gro/TLE family. Runx proteins, including Runt, contain a C-terminal peptide, VWRPY, known to bind to Gro/TLE proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. We show that Runt’s VWRPY co-repressor-interaction domain is needed for Runt to activate SxlPe. Deletion of the Gro-interaction domain eliminates Runt-ability to activate SxlPe, whereas replacement with a higher affinity, VWRPW, sequence promotes Runt-mediated transcription. This suggests that Runt may activate SxlPe by antagonizing Gro function, a conclusion consistent with earlier findings that Runt is needed for Sxl expression only in embryonic regions with high Gro activity. Surprisingly we found that Runt is not required for the initial activation of SxlPe. Instead, Runt is needed to keep SxlPe active during the subsequent period of high-level Sxl transcription suggesting that Runt helps amplify the difference between female and male XSE signals by counter-repressing Gro in female, but not in male, embryos.
Training Population Optimization for Genomic Selection in Miscanthus
Authors: Olatoye Marcus O , Clark Lindsay V , Labonte Nicholas R , Dong Hongxu , Dwiyanti Maria S , Anzoua Kossonou G , Brummer Joe E , Ghimire Bimal K , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nikolay , Bagmet Larisa , Sabitov Andrey , Chebukin Pavel , Głowacka Katarzyna , Heo Kweon , Jin Xiaoli , Nagano Hironori , Peng Junhua , Yu Chang Y , Yoo Ji H , Zhao Hua , Long Stephen P , Yamada Toshihiko , Sacks Erik J , Lipka Alexander E
Published: May 2020

Miscanthus is a perennial grass with potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production. To ensure its utility for this purpose, breeding efforts should focus on increasing genetic diversity of the nothospecies Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g) beyond the single clone used in many programs. Germplasm from the corresponding parental species M. sinensis (Msi) and M. sacchariflorus (Msa) could theoretically be used as training sets for genomic prediction of M×g clones with optimal genomic estimated breeding values for biofuel traits. To this end, we first showed that subpopulation structure makes a substantial contribution to the genomic selection (GS) prediction accuracies within a 538-member diversity panel of predominately Msi individuals and a 598-member diversity panels of Msa individuals. We then assessed the ability of these two diversity panels to train GS models that predict breeding values in an interspecific diploid 216-member M×g F2 panel. Low and negative prediction accuracies were observed when various subsets of the two diversity panels were used to train these GS models. To overcome the drawback of having only one interspecific M×g F2 panel available, we also evaluated prediction accuracies for traits simulated in 50 simulated interspecific M×g F2 panels derived from different sets of Msi and diploid Msa parents. The results revealed that genetic architectures with common causal mutations across Msi and Msa yielded the highest prediction accuracies. Ultimately, these results suggest that the ideal training set should contain the same causal mutations segregating within interspecific M×g populations, and thus efforts should be undertaken to ensure that individuals in the training and validation sets are as closely related as possible.
Pediatric Palliative Care in a Pandemic: Role Obligations, Moral Distress, and the Care You Can Give
Authors: Evans Amanda M. , Jonas Monique , Lantos John
Published: May 2020

Many ethical issues arise concerning the care of critically ill and dying patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this issue’s Ethics Rounds, we present 2 cases that highlight 2 different sorts of ethical issues. One is focused on the decisions that have to be made when the surge of patients with respiratory failure overwhelm ICUs. The other is focused on the psychological issues that arise for parents who are caring for a dying child when infection-control policies limit the number of visitors. Both of these situations raise challenges for caregivers who are trying to be honest, to deal with their own moral distress, and to provide compassionate palliative care.
Primer peritonitis egészséges serdülő fiúban
Authors: Farkas László , Lazáry György , Köves Ilona , Csákváry Violetta , Rónaky Rebeka , Nagy Tamás
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:

Az egészséges, hajlamosító tényező nélküli gyermekeknél a primer peritonitis
rendkívül ritka. A klinikai kép egyértelmű hajlamosító tényezők és tünetek
hiányában nem különbözik a szekunder peritonitisektől. Emiatt a diagnózis szinte
mindig intraoperatív. Esetismertetés: 15 éves, korábban egészséges fiút
kezeltünk enteritisnek megfelelő panaszokkal. A panaszok kezdetétől 24 órán
belül akut has és szeptikus sokkos állapot alakult ki. A has komputertomográfos
vizsgálatakor apró levegőzárványok látszottak a has középvonalában és a
terminalis ileum mellett. Sürgősséggel laparotomiát végeztünk perforációs
peritonitis gyanúja miatt. A műtét során azonban a purulens peritonitis
hátterében perforációt nem találtunk. Széles spektrumú empirikus, majd célzott
antibiotikumkúrát alkalmaztunk. A szeptikus sokkot és szövődményeit sikeresen
kezeltük. A primer peritonitis forrását nem tudtuk azonosítani. A gyermek a
hazabocsátása óta panaszmentes. Primer peritonitisnél a nem specifikus, rapidan
progrediáló tünetek miatt a sürgős műtét általában elkerülhetetlen. Megfelelő
antibiotikum- és szupportív terápiával a prognózis kedvező. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(23): 977–979.
Comunicación asertiva ¿estrategia de competitividad empresarial?
Authors: Lesmes Silva Anggy Karina , Barrientos-Monsalve Ender José , Cordero Díaz Marling Carolina
Published: May 2020

Las corporaciones en la modernidad y en este Siglo XXI, o bien aquellas que por su esencia se han mantenido en el tiempo, hoy denominadas contemporáneas, la competitividad empresarial juega papel preponderante en sus estructuras programáticas para sus estrategias comunicacionales. Pero, lo cierto es que no solo es suficiente una comunicación, se lucha porque estas sean asertivas en todos sus contextos. El propósito del presente estudio está relacionado a describir la contextualización de la comunicación asertiva desde el enfoque de la estrategia de la competencia empresarial. En el entendido que dicha comunicación se somete a las más flexibles convicciones de los interlocutores por su madurez e idoneidad en la defensa de sus derechos, dados en los gerentes, lideres o directores empresariales, quienes deben influir en el talento humano a sus cargos y se optimice los recursos en todo el ámbito contextualizado, para los beneficios globales de la organización. El presente estudio se sometió a un método cualitativo, hermenéutico, documental bibliográfico. Se concluyó que los gerentes son los estrategas de la competitividad empresarial, quienes con sus habilidades influyen el contexto de la comunicación asertiva de una organización, a través del lenguaje y sus estilos comunicacionales.
The Impact of Financial Sanctions: The Case of Iran 2011-2016
Authors: Ghasseminejad Saeed , Jahan-Parvar Mohammad R.
Published: May 2020

This study provides a detailed analysis of the impact of financial sanctions on publicly traded companies. We consider the effect of imposing and lifting sanctions on the target country's traded equities and examine the differences in the reaction of politically connected firms and those without such connections. The paper focuses on Iran due to (1) its sizable financial markets, (2) imposition of sanctions of varying severity and duration on private and state-owned companies, (3) the significant presence of politically connected firms in the stock market, and (4) the unique event of the 2015 nuclear deal, resulting in fairly rapid lifting of a sizable portion of imposed sanctions. We find that sanctions affect politically connected firms more than ordinary firms, have lasting negative effects on profitability ratios, and that politically connected firms stock prices bounce back more slowly after removal of sanctions. Firms targeted by financial sanctions decrease their leverage and increase their cash holding to manage their perceived increase in risk profile.
Equipos de alto desempeño para la competitividad de empresas de servicios industriales
Authors: Díaz-Calzada María-Elena , Morgan-Beltrán Josefina , Arredondo-Morales Adriana
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: este estudio busca proponer elementos base para el desarrollo de equipos de alto desempeño, presentando un diagrama como propuesta para el desarrollo de un equipo dentro de la industria. Método: se realizó bajo una metodología cuantitativa utilizando la técnica de encuestas y el análisis de documentos. Resultados: se encontraron tres principales elementos: capacitación, comunicación y organización, en el cual se evidenció que es importante desarrollar el talento humano quien forma parte de la maduración del equipo de trabajo para lograr su eficacia. Conclusiones: Asimismo, es esencial gestionar el conocimiento que se crea al interior del equipo para difundirlo a través de la capacitación y retroalimentación. Uno de los elementos para el éxito de una empresa es su capacidad para crear y utilizar el talento de sus integrantes.
Proverb as a Tool of Persuasion in Political Discourse (on the Material of Georgian and French languages)
Authors: Glonti Bela
Published: May 2020

Our study deals with the use of proverbs as a tool of persuasion in political discourse. Within this study we have studied and analyzed the texts of Georgian and French political articles, speeches and proverbs used therein. The analysis revealed that the proverbs found and used by us in the French discourses were not only of French origin. Also, most of the proverbs found in the French discourses were used as titles of the articles. As for the Georgian proverbs, they consisted mainly of popular proverbs well known to the Georgian public. Georgia proverbs have rarely been cited as an article title. According to the general conclusion, the use of proverbs as a tool of persuasion in the political discourse by the politicians of both countries is quite relevant. It is effective when it is persuasive and at the same time causes an emotional reaction. Quoting the proverbs, the politicians base their thinking on positions. The proverb is one of the key argumentative techniques.
Dynamic Features of Students’ Scaffolding Interaction in English Writing Class
Authors: Dong Yanxiu , Liu Suli
Published: May 2020

Peer scaffolding as an important index of active student-student interaction has already aroused researchers’ interests. In addition, the application of Dynamic System Theory in language study provided researchers with a new perspective. The author conducted an eight-week research in a foreign language university in China. 56 non-English major sophomores from two classes participated in this study. The results indicated that students’ interaction in small group discussion was a dynamic system and it had all the dynamic system features such as unpredictable, sensitive to initial conditions, open, complexity, etc. With the results of this investigation, the current study concludes with some suggestions for future group discussion design.
Tectonic conditionality erosion network of the Kremenets mountains
Authors: Bermes А.
Published: May 2020

The features of the geomorphological structure of Kremenets mountains are described. Structural analysis of the erosion network of the Kremenets Mountains, erosion network are selected on the basis of topographic maps of scale 1: 25000, the main watershed between the main basins (rivers Ikva and Vilia) has been carried out, the territories of these basins have been identified. Particular stream order erosion network are divided according to the method of Streller and the results of calculating the coefficient of bifurcation to the method of Horton (branching of the erosive network). Rose diagrams of stream order erosion network in equal squares, with a side of 10 km are made and analyzed. Results of orientation of erosion network, lineaments network and fracture of the rocks are presented, main and secondary directions are described. The connection of the river network and tectonic features within the Kremenets mountains has been confirmed. Also, the received orientation values are analyzed with neighboring areas of the Podilsk and Volyn uplands. As a result of the study presented in this publication, it was established that the direction of the erosion network, the lineaments system and the fracture of the rocks are interconnected, their directions generally coincide, which may indicate their genetic link. The structure of the erosion network of the Kremenets mountains accord to the structure-denudation’s nature of the relief. Together with the pronounced asymmetry of the upland, this factor determines the characteristic location of erosion network and their distribution in the studied area. Using the constructed rose’s diagrams, the regularities of orientation of erosion network and the presence of several zones with dominant directions were revealed. The discrepancy between the boundaries of these zones with the most pronounced zones of discontinuity violations allows us to assume that neotectonic movements within the studied area were mainly vertical. In this case, the main directions of cracking of rocks, which predetermines the formation of erosion forms, formed in more ancient geological period.
Wordsmith Tools e Sketch Engine: um estudo analítico-comparativo para pesquisas científicas com uso de corpora / Wordsmith Tools and Sketch Engine: an analytical-comparative study for scientific research with corpora manipulation
Authors: Fromm Guilherme , Grama Daniela Faria , Beilke Neubiana Silva Veloso , Santos Candice Guarato
Published: May 2020

Resumo: O presente trabalho consiste na descrição e comparação de dois softwares de análise lexical, o WordSmith Tools (WST) e o Sketch Engine (SE). O corpus de estudo selecionado para a realização da análise comparativa entre os programas denomina-se LexTest, é composto por artigos, dissertações, resenhas e teses da área da Lexicologia, escritos em língua portuguesa, e apresenta 552.903 tokens. Os aspectos analisados no WST e no SE são: interface, configuração de línguas, upload de corpus, número de tokens e types, etiquetagem do corpus, lista de palavras, lista de palavras-chave; acesso às linhas de concordância, entre outros. A partir das análises comparativas, foi possível concluir que o WST e o SE são eficazes no que se propõem, uma vez que, por exemplo, processam palavras-chave, permitem configurar a língua conforme o corpus de estudo e calculam o número de tokens de um corpus. Entretanto, dependendo do objetivo da pesquisa, um desses softwares pode ser mais apropriado que o outro. A escolha pela utilização de um deles é de responsabilidade do pesquisador, que poderá consultar o quadro comparativo entre o WST e o SE apresentado no final deste artigo para fundamentar a sua preferência.Palavras-chave: Linguística de Corpus; WordSmith Tools; Sketch Engine.Abstract: The present work consists of the description and comparison of two lexical analysis software, WordSmith Tools (WST) and Sketch Engine (SE). The study corpus selected for the comparative analysis between the programs is called LexTest which is composed of articles, dissertations, reviews and theses about Lexicology. These texts are written in Portuguese, and the corpus has 552,903 tokens. The aspects analyzed in the WST and in the SE are: interface, language settings, corpus upload, number of tokens and types, corpus tagging, word list, keyword list, access to concordance lines, and so on. Based on the comparative analyzes, it was possible to conclude that the WST and the SE are effective in their purpose, because, for example, they process the keywords and allow configuring the language according to the study corpus and calculate the number of tokens; however, depending on the purpose of the research, one of these programs may be more appropriate than the other. The choice of one of them will be responsibility of the researcher, who may consult the comparative table between the WST and the SE, presented at the end of this paper to substantiate his or her preference.Keywords: Corpus Linguistics; WordSmith Tools; Sketch Engine.
Role of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scoring system in risk stratification and management of small bowel perforations
Authors: Kumar Sanjana , Arora Jainendra K. , Jain Sunil Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite the surgical treatment, sophisticated intensive care units, latest generation antibiotics and a better understanding of pathophysiology, the morbidity and mortality rate of perforation peritonitis are still high. Patients are usually managed by subjective decision of surgeon based on which mortality is very high.Methods: This was a double-blind observational study conducted over a period of 18 months on 50 patients with small bowel perforations. Based on the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score at presentation, patients were triaged into 3 groups: group 1 (score ≤10), group 2 (score 11 to 20) and group 3 (score >20). Study population was managed by the subjective decision of the operating surgeon who was blinded off the APACHE II score of patients. Hence removing the possibility of bias and observing a correlation between surgical outcome and APACHE II score of the patient.Results: Patients with higher APACHE II score (>10) were more likely to undergo exteriorization of bowel. Length of hospital stay was also found to be increased with an increase in score. APACHE II score of 10 was found to predict mortality with significant difference between 2 groups. Below this score the mortality was 0% and above this score the mortality rate rose to 31.25%.Conclusions: APACHE II can be used as a reliable and uniform scoring system as its assessment at presentation in patients of small bowel perforations provides an insight to their surgical management as well as predicting overall outcome.
Association of level serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in benign and malignant breast disease in a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Srivastava Vaibhav , Kumar Shirish , Ahmad Shabi , Singh Vikram , Rai Nandan , Singh Rohit
Published: May 2020

Background: The study was to compare 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in women with benign and malignant breast disease patients to the age-matched controls in a tertiary care center in North India.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Surgery, S.R.N. Hospital associated with M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad. The levels of vitamin D are measured by electrochemiluminescence and the serum levels divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe vitamin D deficiency.Results: Overall 60 patients were included. 30 was having malignant breast disease and 30 having benign breast disease. On comparing the mean value of serum vitamin D level between malignant breast disease and controls, the serum vitamin D level was found to be lesser in the former group and the difference was highly significant. On comparing the mean value of serum vitamin D level between benign breast disease and controls, the serum vitamin D level was found to be elevated in the former group, the difference was nonsignificant.Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor in the development of malignant breast disease. The study was also concluded that vitamin D is not associated with the etiogenesis of benign breast diseases. There is also a possibility of using 25-hydroxy vitamin D as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of breast malignancy.
Exploratory laparotomy in chronic non-specific pain abdomen in lieu of therapeutic and diagnostic aspect: a prospective non randomized trial on 40 patients
Authors: Kochar Mahinder Pal , Singh Satyendra Pal
Published: May 2020

Background: A significant number of patients attending surgical or medical out doors and clinics of prominent doctors, we find them having thick record files visiting from one doctor to another. Majority of such patients diagnosis remain “chronic pain abdomen” in spite of all possible investigations and all sort of recent and ancient medicines. Aim of this study is to analyze the diagnosis and therapeutic value of exploratory laparotomy.Methods: A prospective non randomized study was done on 40 patients who follows our strict criteria and in spite of all relevant investigations’ diagnosis remain chronic nonspecific pain abdomen (CNSPA). Exploratory laparotomy was done and findings were recorded and analyzed to see its diagnostic and therapeutic value.Results: Patients of appendicular (maximum 27.5%) and tubercular disease present within one year of first appearance of pain whereas those having bands and adhesions after two years. Overall exploratory laparotomy was diagnostic and therapeutic in 80% patients.Conclusions: In selected patients of CNSPA exploratory laparotomy is therapeutic in 87.5% and diagnostic in 92.5% patients.
Laparoscopic management of left paraduodenal hernia: a rare case report
Authors: Gupta Akash , Taneja Deepak , Dave Sandeep , Mishra Ajit , Tamaskar Siddharth , Sharma Vikram
Published: May 2020

An internal hernia is any protrusion of a solid organ or a hollow viscus through a defect within the abdominal cavity. Paraduodenal hernias are rare, but are the most common variety of internal hernias. We present a rare case of a left sided paraduodenal hernia in a 26 years old otherwise healthy male who presented in emergency department with intermittent colicky upper abdominal pain. Left paraduodenal hernia was diagnosed pre operatively in a computer tomography scan. Hence patient was offered a laparoscopic repair. Our search via online search engines revealed very few case reports of Paraduodenal hernias which were repaired laparoscopically. We believe that in expert hands, paraduodenal hernias should be managed with laparoscopic technique as it significantly reduces morbidity and hospital stay.
A rare case of bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma with unusual presentation: the case report
Authors: Madesan Nirmal Kumar , Rajendra Vinay Kumar J.
Published: May 2020

Here we report a 25 years old male patient came to our emergency department with chief complaints of headache from 3 months, blurring of vision 7 days, abdominal pain 7 days, and vomiting from 2 days. Young male, with no known comorbidities, presented to our casualty with headache since, 3 months, episodic in nature, increased over the last 1 week, holocranial, gradually progressive in severity. last recorded Blood pressure outside was 220/120 mmHg and papilledema were noted on fundoscopy. USG abdomen and pelvis, CECT abdomen done and diagnosed to have bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma. Patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy was performed with good intra op BP control. Right adrenals were enlarged and shows multiple nodular lesions, left adrenal noted shows nodular lesions. Surgery remains the first line of management in malignant pheochromocytoma. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine all act on their target receptors, which causes a physiological change in the body. Increase in catecholamines cause severe hypertension and multiple systemic complications like (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular events) and can lead to death if untreated.