bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying impacts of the drought 2018 on European ecosystems in comparison to 2003
Authors: Buras Allan , Rammig Anja , Zang Christian S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In recent decades, an increasing persistence of atmospheric circulation patterns has been observed. In the course of the associated long-lasting anticyclonic summer circulations, heat waves and drought spells often coincide, leading to so-called hotter droughts. Previous hotter droughts caused a decrease in agricultural yields and increase in tree mortality, and thus, had a remarkable effect on carbon budgets and negative economic impacts. Consequently, a quantification of ecosystem responses to hotter droughts and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial. In this context, the European hotter drought of the year 2018 may be considered as a key event. As a first step towards the quantification of its causes and consequences, we here assess anomalies of atmospheric circulation patterns, temperature loads, and climatic water balance as potential drivers of ecosystem responses which are quantified by remote sensing using the MODIS vegetation indices NDVI and EVI. To place the drought of 2018 within a climatological context, we compare its climatic features and remotely sensed ecosystem response with the extreme hot drought of 2003. 2018 was characterized by a climatic dipole, featuring extremely hot and dry weather conditions north of the Alps but comparably cool and moist conditions across large parts of the Mediterranean. Analysing ecosystem response of five dominant land-cover classes, we found significant positive effects of April–July climatic water balance on ecosystem productivity. Negative drought impacts appeared to affect a larger area and to be significantly stronger in 2018 compared to 2003. Moreover, we found a significantly higher sensitivity of pastures and arable land to climatic water balance compared to forests in both years. The stronger coupling and higher sensitivity of ecosystem response in 2018 we explain by the prevailing climatic dipole: while the generally water-limited ecosystems of the Mediterranean experienced above-average climatic water balance, the less drought-adapted ecosystems of Central and Northern Europe experienced a record hot drought. In conclusion, this study quantifies the drought of 2018 as a yet unprecedented event, outlines hotspots of drought-impacted areas in 2018 which should be given particular attention in follow-up studies, and provides valuable insights into the heterogeneous responses of the dominant European ecosystems to hotter drought.
The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation schemes
Authors: Delandmeter Philippe , van Sebille Erik
Published: August 2019

Abstract. With the increasing number of data produced by numerical ocean models, so increases the need for efficient tools to analyse these data. One of these tools is Lagrangian ocean analysis, where a set of virtual particles is released and their dynamics are integrated in time based on fields defining the ocean state, including the hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry if available. This popular methodology needs to adapt to the large variety of models producing these fields at different formats. This is precisely the aim of Parcels, a Lagrangian ocean analysis framework designed to combine (1) a wide flexibility to model particles of different natures and (2) an efficient implementation in accordance with modern computing infrastructure. In the new Parcels v2.0, we implement a set of interpolation schemes to read various types of discretized fields, from rectilinear to curvilinear grids in the horizontal direction, from z to s levels in the vertical direction and using grid staggering with the Arakawa A, B and C grids. In particular, we develop a new interpolation scheme for a three-dimensional curvilinear C grid and analyse its properties. Parcels v2.0 capabilities, including a suite of meta-field objects, are then illustrated in a brief study of the distribution of floating microplastic in the northwest European continental shelf and its sensitivity to various physical processes.
TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). Motivations and protocol
Authors: Fauchez Thomas , Turbet Martin , Wolf Eric T. , Boutle Ian , Way Michael J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Mayne Nathan J. , Tsigaridis Konstantinos , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Yang Jun , Forget Francois , Mandell Avi , Domagal Goldman Shawn D.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Upcoming telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) or the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) may soon be able to characterize, through transmission spectroscopy, the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets orbiting nearby M dwarfs. One of the most promising candidates is the late M dwarf system TRAPPIST-1 which has seven known transiting planets for which Transit Timing Variation (TTV) measurements suggest that they are terrestrial in nature, with a possible enrichment in volatiles. Among these seven planets, TRAPPIST-1e seems to be the most promising candidate to have habitable surface conditions, receiving ~ 66 % of the Earth's incident radiation, and thus needing only modest greenhouse gas inventories to raise surface temperatures to allow surface liquid water to exist. TRAPPIST-1e is therefore one of the prime targets for JWST atmospheric characterization. In this context, the modeling of its potential atmosphere is an essential step prior to observation. Global Climate Models (GCMs) offer the most detailed way to simulate planetary atmospheres. However, intrinsic differences exist between GCMs which can lead to different climate prediction and thus observability of gas and/or cloud features in transmission and thermal emission spectra. Such differences should preferably be known prior to observations. In this paper we present a protocol to inter-compare planetary GCMs. Four testing cases are considered for TRAPPIST-1e but the methodology is applicable to other rocky exoplanets in the Habitable Zone. The four test cases included two land planets composed of pure N2 and pure CO2, respectively, and two aqua planets with a modern Earth and a CO2 rich composition. Currently there are 4 participating models (LMDG, ROCKE3D, ExoCAM, UM), however this protocol is intended to let other teams participate as well.
Understanding coastal wetland conditions and futures by closing their hydrologic balance: the case of Gialova lagoon, Greece
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Maneas Giorgos , Scaini Anna , Psiloglou Basil E. , Destouni Georgia , Lyon Steve W.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Coastal wetlands and lagoons are under pressure due to competing demands for freshwater resources and climatic changes, which may increase salinity and cause loss of ecological functions. These pressures are particularly high in Mediterranean regions with high evaporative demand compared to precipitation. To manage such wetlands and maximize their provision of ecosystem services, their hydrologic balance must be quantified. However, multiple channels, diffuse surface water exchanges, and diverse groundwater pathways complicate the quantification of different water balance components. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a mass balance approach based on coupled water and salt balance equations to estimate currently unknown water exchange fluxes through the Gialova lagoon, SW Peloponnese, Greece. Our approach facilitates quantification of both saline and freshwater exchange fluxes, using measured precipitation, water depth and salinity, and estimated evaporation rates over a study period of two years (2016–2017). While water exchanges were dominated by evaporation and saline water inputs from the sea during the summer, precipitation and freshwater inputs were more important during the winter. About 40 % and 60 % of the freshwater inputs were from precipitation and lateral freshwater flows, respectively. Approximately 70 % of the outputs was due to evaporation, with the remaining 30 % being water flow from the lagoon to the sea. Under future drier and warmer conditions, salinity in the lagoon is expected to increase, unless freshwater inputs are enhanced by restoring hydrologic connectivity between the lagoon and the surrounding freshwater bodies. This restoration strategy would be fundamental to stabilize the current wide seasonal fluctuations in salinity and maintain ecosystem functionality, but could be challenging to implement due to expected reductions in water availability in the freshwater bodies supporting the lagoon.
Improving early warning of drought-driven food insecurity in Southern Africa using operational hydrological monitoring and forecasting products
Authors: Shukla Shraddhanand , Arsenault Kristi R. , Hazra Abheera , Peters-Lidard Christa , Koster Randal D. , Davenport Frank , Magadzire Tamuka , Funk Chris , Kumar Sujay , McNally Amy , Getirana Augusto , Husak Greg , Zaitchik Ben , Verdin Jim , Nsadisa Faka Dieudonne , Becker-Reshef Inbal
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The region of southern Africa (SA) has a fragile food economy and is vulnerable to frequent droughts. In 2015–2016, an El Niño-driven drought resulted in major maize production shortfalls, food price increases, and livelihood disruptions that pushed 29 million people into severe food insecurity. Interventions to mitigate food insecurity impacts require early warning of droughts – preferably as early as possible before the harvest season (typically, starting in April) and lean season (typically, starting in November). Hydrologic monitoring and forecasting systems provide a unique opportunity to support early warning efforts, since they can provide regular updates on available rootzone soil moisture (RZSM), a critical variable for crop yield, and provide forecasts of RZSM by combining the estimates of antecedent soil moisture conditions with climate forecasts. For SA, this study documents the predictive capabilities of a recently developed NASA Hydrological Forecasting and Analysis System (NHyFAS). The NHyFAS system's ability to forecast and monitor the 2015/2016 drought event is evaluated. The system's capacity to explain interannual variations in regional crop yield and identify below-normal crop yield events is also evaluated. Results show that the NHyFAS products would have identified the regional severe drought event, which peaked during December–February of 2015/2016, at least as early as 1 November 2015. Next, it is shown that February RZSM forecasts produced as early as 1 November (4–5 months before the start of harvest and about a year before the start of the next lean season) correlate fairly well with regional crop yields (r = 0.49). The February RZSM monitoring product, available in early March, correlates with the regional crop yield with higher skill (r = 0.79). It is also found that when the February RZSM forecast produced on November 1 is indicated to be in the lowest tercile, the detrended regional crop yield is below normal about two-thirds (significance level ~ 86 %) of the time. Furthermore, when the February RZSM monitoring product (available in early March) indicates a lowest tercile value, the crop yield is always below normal, at least over the sample years considered. These results indicate that the NHyFAS products can effectively support food insecurity early warning in the SA region.
El modelo de la Economía del Bien Común. Un estudio empírico sobre su aplicación a la empresa privada
Authors: Campos Climent Vanessa , Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon , Ejarque Catalá Ana Teresa
Published: August 2019

La Economía del Bien Común es un modelo económico que nace en el 2010 en Austria de la mano del profesor de economía y activista Christian Felber con el fin de medir la contribución al bien común por parte de la economía y las organizaciones. Después de 10 años de implantación en un número amplio de empresas, en el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio empírico sobre el perfil de las empresas que lo han implantado y sobre el éxito de su implantación en España y su comparación con otros países europeos. Para ello se realiza un trabajo de campo consistente en el envío de un cuestionario y posterior explotación a una muestra de empresas que han implementado el Balance del Bien Común durante el período comprendido entre 2011 y 2017. Se analiza el perfil de las empresas en relación con el sector y la actividad económica, el tamaño (número de trabajadores y cifra de facturación) y la antigüedad, demostrando que se trata mayoritariamente de empresas del sector servicios (servicios profesionales), microempresas (de menos de 10 trabajadores) y relativamente jóvenes (de menos de 15 años de existencia). También se estudia el nivel de implantación del modelo mediante la puntuación obtenida en la Matriz del Bien Común (empresas experimentadas) y el tipo de auditoría realizada sobre el Balance (interna, peer y externa); así como el impacto social, ambiental y económico de las empresas que están implantando el modelo. Se demuestra que se trata de empresas con una fuerte conciencia social y ambiental, que utilizan el Balance del Bien Común con la finalidad de reforzar la creación de estos valores, relegando la creación de valor económico y financiero a un segundo plano
Prática pedagógica integrada de alfabetização matemática e literatura infantil
Authors: Colins Fabio , Moraes Patrícia Pena , Machado Júnior Arthur Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivos apresentar, descrever e discutir o ensino integrado de alfabetização matemática e linguística por meio da literatura infantil, no que concerne, especificamente, o ensino de geometria. As propostas didáticas apresentadas nesta pesquisa abordam o ensino de geometria (espaço e forma), especificamente as habilidades relacionadas a localização e movimentação no espaço, reconhecimento, composição e decomposição de figuras planas e seus elementos (aresta, vértice, lado, etc.), a partir da leitura de dois textos de literatura infantil. A prática docente deu-se por meio de duas sequências de atividades, construídas com o propósito de desenvolver um ensino integrado de alfabetização matemática e alfabetização linguística em uma turma multisseriada, composta por alunos de 1º, 2º e 3º anos do ensino fundamental.Nesta pesquisa, percebemos que é possível trabalhar a disciplina matemática de maneira contextualizadae integrada com a língua portuguesa por meio da literatura infantil.
ARAUJO, Patrício Carneiro. 2017. Entre Ataques e Atabaques: intolerância religiosa e racismo nas escolas. São Paulo: Aché. 300 pp.
Authors: Chaves Kelson Gérison Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Trata-se de uma resenha, logo, não há resumo.
Fazendo Antropologia entre o Brasil e a Argentina: entrevista com Pablo Semán.
Authors: Zimmermann Elton , Irisarri Victória
Published: August 2019

Nesta entrevista, Pablo Semán, antropólogo e pesquisador do CONICET, em atividade na Universidad Nacional de San Martin - Argentina, nos conta sobre sua trajetória, desde sua formação inicial na Argentina, sua pós-graduação no Brasil e o pesterior retorno ao país de origem. Ao discorrer sobre sua trajetória, Pablo nos fala sobre como inicia seus estudos com grupos pentecostais e desde ali ramifica seu interesse para áreas como a New Age e a produção musical contemporânea.
Tendências da alimentação contemporânea: percurso e elementos para uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Menasche Renata
Published: August 2019

Em um quadro em que o tema alimentação vem tendo sua presença amplificada em diferentes espaços sociais – também na academia, com a consolidação dos Food Studies – e no processo de formulação de uma agenda de pesquisa voltada à reflexão sobre as tendências da alimentação contemporânea, particularmente no que se refere ao lugar dos alimentos locais, artesanais, tradicionais e aos apelos de ruralidade, naturalidade e saudabilidade, este texto se propõe a revisitar algumas das pesquisas conduzidas, ao longo da última década, no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação, Consumo e Cultura (GEPAC).
n. 23 - A PARTICIPAÇÃO NOS CONSELHOS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO: ENTRE LIMITAÇÕES E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Vitor Alves Andréia Vicência , Dos Santos Viegas Elis Regina
Published: August 2019

Este texto tem como intuito apreender a ideia e o potencial de participação no Conselho Municipal de Educação, uma vez que esta se constitui em um dos mecanismos democratizantes centrais da gestão educacional. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de natureza teórico-bibliográfica no sentido de evidenciar os Conselhos, como espaços que apresentam dinâmica de participação diferenciada. Inferimos, portanto, a partir do estudo desenvolvido, que a participação no âmbito dos Conselhos Municipais de Educação tem como potencial a democratização da gestão educacional, por possibilitar a descentralização do poder, a promoção da transparência, o envolvimento e o trabalho coletivo, articulado e interativo, buscando fazer com que os cidadãos se tornem parte e tomem parte das decisões, visando garantir a efetividade de uma educação que atenda os interesses da sociedade como um todo, em particular, das camadas mais desfavorecidas. Contudo, tais potencialidades (de participação) ocupam um espaço em sua essência e/ou raiz, em grande parte, no mundo ideal da legislação, já seus limites, por outro lado, estão situados no mundo real. Por isso, há necessidade iminente de um posicionamento coletivo crítico constante de defesa desse formato na gestão educacional pública.
n. 24 - AVALIAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS DE EXPANSÃO E DE RESERVA DE VAGAS NA REDE FEDERAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR: UNIFESP EM ANÁLISE
Authors: Pedra Minhoto Maria Angélica , Benedicto Giglio Celia Maria
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação do processo de implementação das políticas de expansão e de reserva de vagas na rede federal de ensino superior brasileira, verificando os efeitos da adesão ao Reuni e o estabelecimento da Lei de Cotas na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Para tanto, apresenta inicialmente o contexto nacional de evolução das matrículas na educação superior e dados do perfil socioeconômico dos discentes das instituições federais de ensino superior, produzidos pelo Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Assuntos Estudantis. Na sequência, mostra o crescimento dos cursos de graduação da Unifesp, sua política institucional de reserva de vagas, além do histórico e análise do perfil socioeconômico e cultural de seu ingressantes, entre os anos de 2012 e 2016. Constatou-se que, ainda que imprescindível, a política de reserva de vagas não tem sido suficiente para democratizar mais amplamente o acesso à formação de qualidade da universidade pública em todas as carreiras. No caso da Unifesp, o caminho mais consistente para o crescimento da diversidade e inclusão de um novo perfil de estudante na instituição foi a expansão no número de carreiras, com ampliação do número de vagas.
Analyzing Relationships Among Activities for Teacher Development, Teaching Beliefs, Efficacy and Teaching Behaviors of Elementary School English Teachers in Taiwan
Authors: Sheu Ping-Huang
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate elementary school English teachers’ perspectives on the relationship of activities for teacher development, teaching beliefs, efficacy and behaviors regarding teaching English. This study intends to reveal the influential interconnection of the four variables by running regression analysis. A total of 197 elementary school English teachers in Taipei city participated in this study. The data was collected through a four-point scale questionnaire and the results indicated the path of activities for teacher development and teaching beliefs, and teaching beliefs and teaching behaviors respectively was significant. Teachers’ engagement in professional development is crucial, and the educational authority is strongly recommended to take action on this issue.
The Value of Senior Mentorship Among Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Salazar Dane H. , Schiff Adam P. , Light Terry R.
Published: August 2019

Because of the ever increasing economic, social, legal, and regulatory complexities of the current healthcare environment, traditional clinical training may be insufficient to establish a thriving surgical practice and to achieve individual career goals. Competing constituencies and agendas require thoughtful strategies to achieve professional goals. An orthopaedic surgeon's formal professional education, research experience, and clinical expertise may not fully equip individuals for success in the contemporary healthcare market. With the pressures of modern surgical practices, formal and informal senior mentorship may be critically important, especially for young orthopaedic surgeons. The role of mentorship in job satisfaction, retention, clinical productivity, and research output has been recently investigated across multiple medical and surgical disciplines. These data support the theory that senior mentorship is critical for retention, job satisfaction, clinical volume, professional networking, career progression, and research productivity.
New Zealand contributions to the Global Earthquake Model’s Earthquake Consequences Database (GEMECD)
Authors: Bocchini Gian Maria , Giovinazzi Sonia , Pomonis Antonios , Pampanin Stefano , Ingham Jason M. , King Andrew
Published: August 2019

The Global Earthquake Model’s (GEM) Earthquake Consequences Database (GEMECD) aims to develop, for the first time, a standardised framework for collecting and collating geocoded consequence data induced by primary and secondary seismic hazards to different types of buildings, critical facilities, infrastructure and population, and relate this data to estimated ground motion intensity via the USGS ShakeMap Atlas. New Zealand is a partner of the GEMECD consortium and to-date has contributed with 7 events to the database, of which 4 are localised in the South Pacific area (Newcastle 1989; Luzon 1990; South of Java 2006 and Samoa Islands 2009) and 3 are NZ-specific events (Edgecumbe 1987; Darfield 2010 and Christchurch 2011). This contribution to GEMECD represented a unique opportunity for collating, comparing and reviewing existing damage datasets and harmonising them into a common, openly accessible and standardised database, from where the seismic performance of New Zealand buildings can be comparatively assessed. This paper firstly provides an overview of the GEMECD database structure, including taxonomies and guidelines to collect and report on earthquake-induced consequence data. Secondly, the paper presents a summary of the studies implemented for the 7 events, with particular focus on the Darfield (2010) and Christchurch (2011) earthquakes. Finally, examples of specific outcomes and potentials for NZ from using and processing GEMECD are presented, including: 1) the rationale for adopting the GEM taxonomy in NZ and any need for introducing NZ-specific attributes; 2) a complete overview of the building typological distribution in the Christchurch CBD prior to the Canterbury earthquakes and 3) some initial correlations between the level and extent of earthquake-induced physical damage to buildings, building safety/accessibility issues and the induced human casualties.
Performance evaluation of CWH base isolated building during two major earthquakes in Christchurch
Authors: Zhou Cong , Chase J. Geoffrey , Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Kuang Adam , Gutschmidt Stefanie , Xu Chao
Published: August 2019

The seismic performance and parameter identification of the base isolated Christchurch Women’s Hospital (CWH) building are investigated using the recorded seismic accelerations during the two large earthquakes in Christchurch. A four degrees of freedom shear model is applied to characterize the dynamic behaviour of the CWH building during these earthquakes. A modified Gauss-Newton method is employed to identify the equivalent stiffness and Rayleigh damping coefficients of the building. The identification method is first validated using a simulated example structure and finally applied to the CWH building using recorded measurements from the Mw 6.0 and Mw 5.8 Christchurch earthquakes on December 23, 2011. The estimated response and recorded response for both earthquakes are compared with the cross correlation coefficients and the mean absolute percentage errors reported. The results indicate that the dynamic behaviour of the superstructure and base isolator was essentially within elastic range and the proposed shear linear model is sufficient for the prediction of the structural response of the CWH Hospital during these events.
The Opacity of a Multinational Company’s Organization, Legal Structure and Power
Authors: Lambooy Tineke E. , Diepeveen Rosalien A. , Nguyen Kim , van ’t Foort Sander
Published: August 2019

The Opacity of a Multinational Company’s Organization, Legal Structure and Power

This article describes the types of information that a multinational company must make public pursuant to Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, the Act on Financial Supervision and the Commercial Registers Act. We ascertain that: (i) the Dutch Trade Register fails in providing adequate information about the foreign parts of a group; (ii) the annual reporting laws fail to require companies to provide an insight in the group legal structure, the business organization and the corporate social responsibility profile of a multinational company; and (iii) the Act on Financial Supervision fails to include disclosure requirements regarding the corporate social responsibility profile of a listed company. Different possible legislative amendments are provided in this article that could enhance transparency concerning a Dutch multinational company’s business organization, the legal structure and its corporate social responsibility profile, so that corporate information is better accessible for stakeholders. We conclude that most of these improvements are not limited to the Dutch legal system, but can be seen in the light of a global trend of increased corporate transparency. With this article, we hope to contribute to a new mind-set whereby transparency is stimulated, by offering concrete (policy) tools.
Multinational Corporations and Human Rights
Authors: Verkerk R.R.
Published: August 2019

Multinational Corporations and Human Rights

This article explores the degree in which civil procedural rules may promote transparancy from multinationals about human rights policies and allegations of human rights violations.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
Authors: Nieuwenkamp Roel
Published: August 2019

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct: Soft Law with Hard Consequences

OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are the most comprehensive international public standard on all areas of CSR with 46 adherent governments. The unique feature of the Guidelines is its grievance mechanism. The National Contact Points for the OECD Guidelines serve as a complaints and problem solving mechanism for trade unions and NGO’s related to for example human rights and labor standards. Since 2011 the Guidelines apply not only to investments but also to global supply chains. The concept of CSR Due Diligence in the supply chains is now a key pillar of CSR.
Better Access to Remedy in Company-Community Conflicts in the Field of CSR
Authors: Cedillo Cristina
Published: August 2019

Better Access to Remedy in Company-Community Conflicts in the Field of CSR: A Model for Company-Based Grievance Mechanisms

The Special Representative to the UN Secretary-General on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, John Ruggie, establishes access to remedy as one of the three pillars of the UN ‘Protect, Respect, Remedy’ Framework. In this Framework, Ruggie prescribes that company-based grievance mechanisms can be one effective means of enabling remediation to those potentially being impacted by business enterprises’ activities. This report proposes a model for company-based grievance mechanisms that follow a combination of interest-based and rights-compatible approaches to conflict resolution of all corporate social responsibility issues in company–stakeholder relationships.
BUSINESS MODEL BASED ON INNOVATION IN LOGISTICS: CATEGORIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: OLIVEIRA DIAS DIESSICA DE , MAQUEIRA  MARIN JUAN MANUEL , BRUQUE CAMARA SEBASTIAN , MOYANO FUENTES JOSE
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the logistics sector has witnessed the entry of different actors with new business models. Among these actors, there are mainly startups that, with technology-based solutions, are introducing great innovations in logistics. In this sense, this work focuses on the analysis and understanding of new business models based on innovation that are emerging and transforming the logistics sector by categorizing them through large groups. The categorization is made based on the review of the literature and the analysis of real cases of startups. Thus, five types of business model based on innovation and different specific areas of application are presented in each of them, which are illustrated by describing microcases of logistics startups. The results allow to identify different opportunities to create value by applying innovation and the main challenges faced by companies in the sector, as well as to identify the adoption of new technologies such as Internet of Things, Big Data and Cloud Computing, whose use is currently a growing trend in logistics.

KEYWORDS: Logistic, New business models, Business model based on innovation, Startups, Value Creation.
Estimating flowering transition dates from status-based phenological observations: a test of methods
Authors: Taylor Shawn D
Published: August 2019

The scale of phenological research has expanded due to the digitization of herbarium specimens and volunteer based contributions. These data are status-based, representing the presence or absence of a specific phenophase. Modelling the progress of plant dormancy to growth and reproduction and back to dormancy requires estimating the transition dates from these status-based observations. There are several methods available for this ranging from statistical moments using the day of year to newly introduced methods using concepts from other fields. Comparing the proficiency of different estimators is difficult since true transition dates are rarely known. Here I use a recently released dataset of in-situ flowering observations of the perennial forb *Echinacea angustifolia*. In this dataset, due to high sampling frequency and unique physiology, the transition dates of onset, peak, and end of flowering are known to within 3 days. I used a Monte Carlo analysis to test eight different estimators across two scales using a range of sample sizes and proportion of flowering presence observations. I evaluated the estimators accuracy in predicting the onset, peak, and end of flowering at the population level, and predicting onset and end of flowering for individual plants. Overall a method using a Weibull distribution performed the best for population level onset and end estimates, but other estimators may be more appropriate when there is a large amount of absence observations relative to presence observations. For individual estimates a method using the midway point between the first flower presence and most prior flower absence, within 7 days, is the best option as long as the restriction does not limit the final sample size. Otherwise the Weibull method is adequate for individual estimates as well. These methods allow practitioners to effectively utilize the large amount of status-based phenological observations currently available.
KCNMA1-linked channelopathy
Authors: Bailey Cole S , Moldenhauer Hans J , Park Su Mi , Keros Sotirios , Meredith Andrea L
Published: August 2019

KCNMA1 encodes the pore-forming α subunit of the ‘Big K+’ (BK) large conductance calcium and voltage-activated K+ channel. BK channels are widely distributed across tissues, including both excitable and non-excitable cells. Expression levels are highest in brain and muscle, where BK channels are critical regulators of neuronal excitability and muscle contractility. A global deletion in mouse (KCNMA1–/–) is viable but exhibits pathophysiology in many organ systems. Yet despite the important roles in animal models, the consequences of dysfunctional BK channels in humans are not well-characterized. Here, we summarize 16 rare KCNMA1 mutations identified in 37 patients dating back to 2005, with an array of clinically defined pathological phenotypes collectively referred to as ‘KCNMA1-linked channelopathy.’ These mutations encompass gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) alterations in BK channel activity, as well as several variants of unknown significance (VUS). Human KCNMA1 mutations are primarily associated with neurological conditions, including seizures, movement disorders, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Due to the recent identification of additional patients, the spectrum of symptoms associated with KCNMA1 mutations has expanded but remains primarily defined by brain and muscle dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests the functional BK channel alterations produced by different KCNMA1 alleles may associate with semi-distinct patient symptoms, such as paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) with GOF and ataxia with LOF. However, due to the de novo origins for the majority of KCNMA1 mutations identified to date, and the phenotypic variability exhibited by patients, additional evidence is required to establish causality in most cases. The symptomatic picture developing from patients with KCNMA1­­-linked channelopathy highlights the importance of better understanding the roles BK channels play in regulating cell excitability. Establishing causality between KCNMA1-linked BK channel dysfunction and specific patient symptoms may reveal new treatment approaches with the potential to increase therapeutic efficacy over current standard regimens.
Spatiotemporal control of mitotic exit during anaphase by an aurora B-Cdk1 crosstalk
Authors: Afonso Olga , Castellani Colleen M , Cheeseman Liam P , Ferreira Jorge G , Orr Bernardo , Ferreira Luisa T , Chambers James J , Morais-de-Sá Eurico , Maresca Thomas J , Maiato Helder
Published: August 2019

According to the prevailing ‘clock’ model, chromosome decondensation and nuclear envelope reformation when cells exit mitosis are byproducts of Cdk1 inactivation at the metaphase-anaphase transition, controlled by the spindle assembly checkpoint. However, mitotic exit was recently shown to be a function of chromosome separation during anaphase, assisted by a midzone Aurora B phosphorylation gradient - the ‘ruler’ model. Here we found that Cdk1 remains active during anaphase due to ongoing APC/CCdc20- and APC/CCdh1-mediated degradation of B-type Cyclins in Drosophila and human cells. Failure to degrade B-type Cyclins during anaphase prevented mitotic exit in a Cdk1-dependent manner. Cyclin B1-Cdk1 localized at the spindle midzone in an Aurora B-dependent manner, with incompletely separated chromosomes showing the highest Cdk1 activity. Slowing down anaphase chromosome motion delayed Cyclin B1 degradation and mitotic exit in an Aurora B-dependent manner. Thus, a crosstalk between molecular ‘rulers’ and ‘clocks’ licenses mitotic exit only after proper chromosome separation.
Dez anos da Revista Germinal - o que dizem as entrevistas
Authors: Tedesco Filho Jacir Mario , Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise da seção Entrevista, da Revista Germinal. Foram analisadas 20 edições, entre 2009 e 2018, onde foram identificadas 21 entrevistas, das quais uma foi descartada. A Revista Germinal se mostra como um veículo científico de grande importância para o meio acadêmico na difusão das pesquisas embasadas no Marxismo como referencial teórico.
Conscientização: Teoria e Prática da Libertação: uma introdução ao pensamento de Paulo Freire.
Authors: Silva Danilo Geraldo
Published: August 2019

Resenha de Conscientização: teoria e prática da libertação: uma introdução ao pensamento de Paulo Freire.
Luta pela terra e educação no campo: um olhar crítico para nossa trajetória
Authors: Luna Junior Cesar , Neto Luiz Bezerra
Published: August 2019

RESUMO

Este trabalho é fruto de uma proposta de balanço comemorativo dos dez anos de edições da revista Germinal, tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise crítica que buscou identificar, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, as diferentes abordagens sobre a temática da educação do campo e a luta de classe nas publicações da mesma. Procuramos verificar, através do método dialético, como a concepção de educação do campo tem se desenvolvido em torno das leituras marxistas, na tentativa de proporcionar denúncias e de estruturar teoricamente uma luta. Constatamos a partir dos referenciais marxistas, que a busca pelo direito a terra é uma forma de luta limitada no processo de transformação social, porem extremamente necessária.

 

RESUMEN

Este trabajo es fruto de una propuesta de balance conmemorativo de los diez años de edición de la revista Germinal. O principal objetivo é presentar un análisis crítico en busca de la identificación, a tráves de una revisión bibliográfica, diferentes enfoques sobre la temática de la educación del campo y la lucha de clase en las publicaciones de la misma. Verificar a través del método dialéctico, cómo la concepción se ha desarrollado en torno a lecturas marxistas, hemos intentado no sólo dar a conocer denúncias, sino estructurar teóricamente una lucha. Constatamos, que la búsqueda por el derecho a la tierra es una forma de lucha limitada al proceso de transformación social, pero que resulta extremadamente necesaria.

 

 

ABSTRACT

This work is the result of a proposal of a commemorative balance of the 10 years of Germinal 's editions. Its objective is to present a critical analysis that sought to identify, from a bibliographical survey. We try to verify, through the dialectical method, how the conception of rural education has developed around the Marxist readings, in an attempt not only to provide denunciations, but to theoretically structure a struggle. In this way, formulating a problematizing thinking that points to an intense dispute between theory and practice. We find from the Marxist references that the search for land rights is a form of limited struggle in the process of social transformation, but extremely necessary.
O Escola Sem Partido como expressão do ideário militar
Authors: Silva Michel Goulart da
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo discute-se os elementos comuns entre os discursos produzidos por alguns militares e o ideário do movimento Escola Sem Partido. Para tanto, são apresentadas algumas intepretações elaboradas por militares acerca da educação atualmente desenvolvida em escolas e universidades. Ademais, são analisados os projetos de lei em tramitação no Congresso Nacional que defendem a censura aos professores nas escolas.
10 anos de Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate
Authors: Rosar Maria De Fátima Félix
Published: August 2019

Editores Avaliam 10 anos de Germinal.
Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez: algumas notas sobre sua vida e valiosa obra
Authors: Ferreira Naura Syria Carapeto
Published: August 2019

ADOLFO SÁNCHEZ VÁZQUEZ: ALGUMAS NOTAS SOBRE SUA VIDA E VALIOSA OBRA

 

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva expor sobre a vida e valiosa obra do filósofo espanhol Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez – o filósofo da práxis - e sua atualidade. Expõe-se alguns dados de sua trajetória política, intelectual, como professor, contra a ditadura franquista na Espanha. Exilado, no México, desenvolveu sua vasta produção científico-literária sobre a práxis e na práxis, objetivando estimular a leitura deste importante intelectual marxista, nos limites do texto.

[i]  Professora aposentada da UFPR, trabalha no PPGED da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná.

 
Optimizing efficiency and safety in external beam radiotherapy using automated plan check (APC) tool and six sigma methodology
Authors: Liu Shi , Bush Karl K. , Bertini Julian , Fu Yabo , Lewis Jonathan M. , Pham Daniel J. , Yang Yong , Niedermayr Thomas R. , Skinner Lawrie , Xing Lei , Beadle Beth M. , Hsu Annie , Kovalchuk Nataliya
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To develop and implement an automated plan check (APC) tool using a Six Sigma methodology with the aim of improving safety and efficiency in external beam radiotherapy.

Methods

The Six Sigma define‐measure‐analyze‐improve‐control (DMAIC) framework was used by measuring defects stemming from treatment planning that were reported to the departmental incidence learning system (ILS). The common error pathways observed in the reported data were combined with our departmental physics plan check list, and AAPM TG‐275 identified items. Prioritized by risk priority number (RPN) and severity values, the check items were added to the APC tool developed using Varian Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI). At 9 months post‐APC implementation, the tool encompassed 89 check items, and its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing RPN values and rates of reported errors. To test the efficiency gains, physics plan check time and reported error rate were prospectively compared for 20 treatment plans.

Results

The APC tool was successfully implemented for external beam plan checking. FMEA RPN ranking re‐evaluation at 9 months post‐APC demonstrated a statistically significant average decrease in RPN values from 129.2 to 83.7 (P < .05). After the introduction of APC, the average frequency of reported treatment‐planning errors was reduced from 16.1% to 4.1%. For high‐severity errors, the reduction was 82.7% for prescription/plan mismatches and 84.4% for incorrect shift note. The process shifted from 4σ to 5σ quality for isocenter‐shift errors. The efficiency study showed a statistically significant decrease in plan check time (10.1 ± 7.3 min, P = .005) and decrease in errors propagating to physics plan check (80%).

Conclusions

Incorporation of APC tool has significantly reduced the error rate. The DMAIC framework can provide an iterative and robust workflow to improve the efficiency and quality of treatment planning procedure enabling a safer radiotherapy process.
The Next Frontier in Melt Electrospinning: Taming the Jet
Authors: Robinson Thomas M. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Dalton Paul D.
Published: August 2019

There is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct‐writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber–hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology.
Defect Activity in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Motti Silvia G. , Meggiolaro Daniele , Martani Samuele , Sorrentino Roberto , Barker Alex J. , De Angelis Filippo , Petrozza Annamaria
Published: August 2019

The presence of various types of chemical interactions in metal‐halide perovskite semiconductors gives them a characteristic “soft” fluctuating structure, prone to a wide set of defects. Understanding of the nature of defects and their photochemistry is summarized, which leverages the cooperative action of density functional theory investigations and accurate experimental design. This knowledge is used to describe how defect activity determines the macroscopic properties of the material and related devices. Finally, a discussion of the open questions provides a path towards achieving an educated prediction of device operation, necessary to engineer reliable devices.
Glucose‐Responsive Insulin and Delivery Systems: Innovation and Translation
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Wang Zejun , Yu Jicheng , Kahkoska Anna R. , Buse John B. , Gu Zhen
Published: August 2019

Type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes treatment involves daily injections or continuous infusion of exogenous insulin aimed at regulating blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic range. However, current options for insulin therapy are limited by the risk of hypoglycemia and are associated with suboptimal glycemic control outcomes. Therefore, a range of glucose‐responsive components that can undergo changes in conformation or show alterations in intermolecular binding capability in response to glucose stimulation has been studied for ultimate integration into closed‐loop insulin delivery or “smart insulin” systems. Here, an overview of the evolution and recent progress in the development of molecular approaches for glucose‐responsive insulin delivery systems, a rapidly growing subfield of precision medicine, is presented. Three central glucose‐responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase, phenylboronic acid, and glucose‐binding molecules are examined in detail. Future opportunities and challenges regarding translation are also discussed.
Epitope Imprinting Technology: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives toward Artificial Antibodies
Authors: Yang Kaiguang , Li Senwu , Liu Lukuan , Chen Yuwan , Zhou Wen , Pei Jiaqi , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: August 2019

Epitope imprinting is a promising tool to generate antibody‐like specific recognition sites. Recently, because of the ease of obtaining templates, the flexibility in selecting monomers, their resistance to harsh environments, and the high specificity toward targets, epitope‐imprinted materials have attracted much attention in various fields, such as bioanalysis, clinical therapy, and pharmacy. Here, the discussion is focused on the current representative epitope imprinting technologies, including epitope bulk imprinting and epitope surface imprinting. Moreover, the application of epitope‐imprinted materials to the recognition of peptides, proteins, and cells is reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges arising from the intrinsic properties of epitope imprinting are discussed, and future development in the field is prospected.
A Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Nanozyme‐Mediated Theranostic Nanoreactor for Imaging‐Guided Combined Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Feng , Lin Lin , Zhang Ying , Wang Yanbing , Sheng Shu , Xu Caina , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi
Published: August 2019

Activatable theranostic agents that can be activated by tumor microenvironment possess higher specificity and sensitivity. Here, activatable nanozyme‐mediated 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) loaded ABTS@MIL‐100/poly(vinylpyrrolidine) (AMP) nanoreactors (NRs) are developed for imaging‐guided combined tumor therapy. The as‐constructed AMP NRs can be specifically activated by the tumor microenvironment through a nanozyme‐mediated “two‐step rocket‐launching‐like” process to turn on its photoacoustic imaging signal and photothermal therapy (PTT) function. In addition, simultaneously producing hydroxyl radicals in response to the high H2O2 level of the tumor microenvironment and disrupting intracellular glutathione (GSH) endows the AMP NRs with the ability of enhanced chemodynamic therapy (ECDT), thereby leading to more efficient therapeutic outcome in combination with tumor‐triggered PTT. More importantly, the H2O2‐activated and acid‐enhanced properties enable the AMP NRs to be specific to tumors, leaving the normal tissues unharmed. These remarkable features of AMP NRs may open a new avenue to explore nanozyme‐involved nanoreactors for intelligent, accurate, and noninvasive cancer theranostics.