bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and erectile dysfunction: The relationships with health literacy, treatment adherence, unrealistic optimism, and glycaemic control
Authors: Defeudis Giuseppe , Mazzilli Rossella , Scandurra Cristiano , Di Tommaso Alfonso Maria , Cimadomo Danilo , Strollo Rocky , Faggiano Antongiulio , Migliaccio Silvia , Napoli Nicola
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between health literacy, unrealistic optimism, and adherence to glycometabolic disease management related to erectile dysfunction (ED) in male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or preDM.

Materials and Methods

This prospective observational study enroled 167 consecutive patients with T2D and ED. All patients underwent the following examinations: (a) medical history collection; (b) Body Mass Index (BMI) determination; (c) hormonal and biochemical assessment; (d) duration of T2D, complications and treatment; (e) International Index of Erectile Function‐5 questionnaire to assess ED; and (f) validated questionnaire to evaluate health literacy, unrealistic optimism, and treatment adherence.

Results

Overall, mean age was 62.5 ± 9.4 years (range: 20–75) and mean BMI was 28.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2 (range: 18.4–46.6). The mean IIEF‐5 score was 15.4 ± 5.2 (range: 5–25). The majority of patients showed high health literacy. However, low health literacy was found in patients with higher IIEF‐5 scores and high BMI. Unrealistic optimism was low in most patients. Higher adherence to treatment was found in patients who reported regular physical activity, who followed a diet, and in patients with a family history of T2D. Regarding anti‐diabetic treatment, patients treated with insulin showed higher health literacy than patients not treated with other medications, whereas higher adherence was found in patients using SGLT2‐i.

Conclusions

This study highlighted the close relationship between metabolic compensation, BMI, ED, and psychological attitudes, including health literacy and unrealistic optimism.
Intravenous iron in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency: an updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Graham Fraser J. , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Kalra Paul R. , Ford Ian , Bruzzese Dario , Cleland John G.F.
Published: February 2023

Aims

For patients with heart failure (HF) and iron deficiency (ID), randomized trials suggest that intravenous (IV) iron reduces hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF), but uncertainty exists about the effects in subgroups and the impact on mortality. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized trials investigating the effect of IV iron on clinical outcomes in patients with HF.

Methods and results

We identified randomized trials published between 1 January 2000 and 5 November 2022 investigating the effect of IV iron versus standard care/placebo in patients with HF and ID in any clinical setting, regardless of HF phenotype. Trials of oral iron or not in English were not included. The main outcomes of interest were a composite of HHF and cardiovascular death (CVD), on HHF alone and on cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Ten trials were identified with 3373 participants, of whom 1759 were assigned to IV iron. IV iron reduced the composite of recurrent HHF and CVD (rate ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.93; p < 0.01) and first HHF or CVD (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.99; p = 0.04). Effects on cardiovascular (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.05; p = 0.14) and all‐cause mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.12; p = 0.47) were inconclusive. Results were similar in analyses confined to the first year of follow‐up, which was less disrupted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Subgroup analyses found little evidence of heterogeneity for the effect on the primary endpoint, although patients with transferrin saturation <20% (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.92) may have benefited more than those with values ≥20% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74–1.30) (heterogeneity p = 0.07).

Conclusion

In patients with HF and ID, this meta‐analysis suggests that IV iron reduces the risk of HHF but whether this is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular or all‐cause mortality remains inconclusive.
Large‐scale single‐cell RNA sequencing atlases of human immune cells across lifespan: Possibilities and challenges
Authors: Webb Simone , Haniffa Muzlifah
Published: February 2023

Single‐cell RNA sequencing technologies have successfully been leveraged for immunological insights into human prenatal, pediatric, and adult tissues. These single‐cell studies have led to breakthroughs in our understanding of stem, myeloid, and lymphoid cell function. Computational analysis of fetal hematopoietic tissues has uncovered trajectories for T‐ and B‐cell differentiation across multiple organ sites, and how these trajectories might be dysregulated in fetal and pediatric health and disease. As we enter the age of large‐scale, multiomic, and integrative single‐cell meta‐analysis, we assess the advances and challenges of large‐scale data generation, analysis, and reanalysis, and data dissemination for a broad range of scientific and clinical communities. We discuss Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data sharing and unified cell ontology languages as strategic areas for progress of the field in the near future. We also reflect on the trend toward deployment of multiomic and spatial genomic platforms within single‐cell RNA sequencing projects, and the crucial role these data types will assume in the immediate future toward creation of comprehensive and rich single‐cell atlases. We demonstrate using our recent studies of human prenatal and adult hematopoietic tissues the importance of interdisciplinary and collaborative working in science to reveal biological insights in parallel with technological and computational innovations.
Tetrahydroxydiboron (Bis‐boric Acid): a Versatile Reagent for Borylation, Hydrogenation, Catalysis, Radical Reactions and H2 Generation
Authors: Zhao Qiuxia , Liu Xiang , Astruc Didier
Published: February 2023

Diboron compounds with a B−B bond, discovered with B2Cl4 a century ago, have been developed only since the turn of this century for catalyzed borylation reactions, mostly with the well‐know reagent bis(binacolato)diboron, (B2pin2). On the other hand, chemistry of tetrahydroxydiboron (THDB), also named bis‐boric acid, is relatively underdeveloped. In this review, the properties of THDB as a borylation, reductant (including transfer hydrogenation), catalyst, source of radicals and generator of H2 from water upon hydrolysis are summarized.
Negishi Cross‐Coupling in the Preparation of Benzyl Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Based CSF1R Inhibitors
Authors: Aarhus Thomas I. , Teksum Vilde , Unger Anke , Habenberger Peter , Wolf Alexander , Eickhoff Jan , Klebl Bert , Wolowczyk Camilla , Bjørkøy Geir , Sundby Eirik , Hoff Bård H.
Published: February 2023

The colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a protein kinase emerging as an attractive target with clinical relevance in cancer, CNS and inflammatory diseases. Molecular docking experiments followed by synthesis and structure–activity relationship have been used to identify low molecular weight structures as promising hits for lead optimization. These molecules are synthesized from a 4‐chloro‐6‐iodo‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine building block using Negishi and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in high yields. Several inhibitors possessed excellent enzymatic potency, and the parent compound preferably binds to the autoinhibited form of CSF1R. Cellular and in vivo profiling indicate that further tuning of drug structure is needed prior to efficacy studies.
Numerical Investigation of the Local Shear Rate in a Twin‐Screw Extruder for the Continuous Processing of Li‐Ion Battery Electrode Slurries
Authors: Meza Gonzalez Juan Fernando , Nirschl Hermann
Published: February 2023

The mixing step for electrode slurry preparation in the manufacture of batteries is highly relevant because it directly affects the downstream production processes and the performance of the battery cells. In this work, a study of the flow behavior and material strain in a twin‐screw extruder is carried out to analyze its efficiency for continuous battery slurry processing. Here, individual elements of the extruder screw are simulated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Based on the resulting flow profiles, a dimensionless analysis is used to validate the calculations. Hence, the local shear rate and pressure profiles are evaluated for different screw geometries. The effects of the screw design and process setup are discussed, to accordingly improve the mixing process.
Active temperate glacial landsystem evolution in association with outwash head/depositional overdeepenings
Authors: Evans David J. A. , Ewertowski Marek W. , Tomczyk Aleksandra , Chandler Benjamin M. P.
Published: February 2023

The response of temperate glaciers to rapid climate warming is reflected in the geomorphology (landsystem) resulting from snout recession. This paper develops a locally diverse process‐form model of active temperate glaciers through mapping and quantification of historical landscape change on the Fjallsjökull‐Hrútárjökull foreland, SE Iceland. Quantification of volumetric and areal changes on the foreland are based on time series of archival aerial images for the period 1945–1998, high‐resolution satellite imagery for 2014 and digital elevation models of differences derived from time series of UAV imagery for the years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2022. Landscape change and glacier snout behaviour since 1945 highlights the importance of azonal and potentially intrazonal signatures in temperate glacial landsystems, particularly: (1) the development and collapse of partially supraglacial outwash fans to produce outwash heads fronting depositional overdeepenings; and (2) the emergence of ice‐cored eskers that record the evolution of englacial drainage networks operating over overdeepenings. Such landform assemblages are manifested as substantial ice‐cored/hummocky terrains, a characteristic of deglaciating forelands that is likely to be widely replicated wherever ice‐contact glacifluvial assemblages create outwash heads that act as depositional overdeepenings. Due to its significantly greater supraglacial debris cover, complete de‐icing of the Hrútárjökull snout in response to post‐1945 warming was delayed until around 2014. This constitutes a prime example of incremental stagnation, which in a rapidly warming climate has resulted in significant landscape change (land surface elevation collapse of 0.8 m a−1) over the last 8 years.
Role of Th17 cells, Treg cells, and Th17/Treg imbalance in immune homeostasis disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ma Ru , Su Hongling , Jiao Keping , Liu Jian
Published: February 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, following strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic lung inflammation is believed to play a role in the development of COPD. In addition, accumulating evidence shows that the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Significant advancements have been made in research on the pathogenesis of immune diseases and chronic inflammation in recent years, and T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells have been found to play a crucial role in the autoimmune response. Th17 cells are a proinflammatory subpopulation that causes autoimmune disease and tissue damage. Treg cells, on the other hand, have a negative effect but can contribute to the occurrence of the same disease when their antagonism fails. This review mainly summarizes the biological characteristics of Th17 cells and Treg cells, their roles in chronic inflammatory diseases of COPD, and the role of the Th17/Treg ratio in the onset, development, and outcome of inflammatory disorders, as well as recent advancements in immunomodulatory treatment targeting Th17/Treg cells in COPD.
Influence of HIV and its treatment on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women from a low‐ to middle‐income country
Authors: Imogie S. A. , Sebitloane H. M.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To establish a potential relationship between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and HIV infection.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study involving 300 women with HDP was undertaken from September 2018 to February 2019 in a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa, a setting with a background HIV prevalence of 45% among pregnant women. All women with new‐onset elevation of blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy were enrolled and, following informed consent, the relevant information was extracted from their files.

Results

Of the 300 women with HDP, the HIV prevalence was 30%, compared with the historical seroprevalence of 45% within the hospital (P = 0.028). For all categories of HDP, there were fewer primigravid women among women living with HIV (WLHIV), compared with those uninfected (30% vs 50.2%, respectively; P = 0.001).

HDP developed later in gestation in WLHIV compared with uninfected women (32.6 weeks vs 34 weeks, respectively; P = 0.023), however, there were significant maternal complications of abruption and elevated liver enzymes among WLHIV (P = 0.02 and P = 0.014, respectively). Despite this, the perinatal outcomes were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

HIV or its treatment seems to have a protective effect in the development of HDP; however, the complications of HDP may be significant in WLHIV receiving treatment.
Walking or jogging during pregnancy increases the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rao Jiaming , Fan Dazhi , Lu Demei , Liu Yan , Wu Zhaoxia , He Jieyun , Liu Xinjuan , Peng BingJie , Guo Xiaoling , Liu Zhengping
Published: February 2023

Objective

Exercise during pregnancy has been proven to reduce the risk of cesarean delivery. However, few studies have examined the relationship between walking or jogging during pregnancy and the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC). This multicenter, retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the association between walking or jogging during pregnancy and the success rate of VBAC in women who underwent a trial of labor after cesarean delivery.

Methods

The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in Foshan, China. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed on demographic and obstetric data collected from the electronic record system.

Results

Of 1080 women included in the final analysis, 80.4% underwent VBAC. In the multivariable analysis, women who walked or jogged ≥200 min/week during pregnancy had a higher likelihood of successful VBAC than women who did not exercise, after adjusting for two sets of confounders: Model 1: Adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.85) and model 2: Adjusted OR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.09–3.06).

Conclusions

Walking or jogging ≥200 min/week during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of cesarean delivery among women who undergo a trial of labor after cesarean delivery.
Effectiveness of a structured exercise intervention in gestational weight gain in pregnant women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Bernardo Diana Salvador , Carvalho Carlos Baptista , Conde Monserrat , Mota Jorge Augusto , Santos Paula Clara
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions during pregnancy in managing gestational weight gain (GWG), excessive GWG, gestational diabetes (GD), hypertensive disorders, 2‐h post–oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and birth weight in pregnant women with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Methods

The search strategy was conducted in five electronic databases, restricting to articles published within the past 10 years. Randomized controlled trials comparing exercise intervention with usual prenatal care in pregnant women with OW/OB were considered. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials and the quality of studies using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation classification. Continuous data were calculated as mean differences (MDs) and dichotomous data as risk ratios (RRs).

Results

Seven trials comprising 1648 pregnant women were included. Exercise interventions were associated with lower GWG (MD, −1.19 kg [95% confidence interval, CI, −1.79 to −0.60]) and lower incidence of GD (RR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.40–0.78]). When analyzing excessive GWG, 2‐h post‐OGTT, birth weight, and hypertensive disorders, there was no statistically significant difference between the exercise and usual care groups. The strength of evidence was considered moderate.

Conclusion

Exercise interventions during pregnancy in women with OW/OB were shown to influence GWG and the incidence of GD.
Incidence and ultrasonographic characteristics of cesarean scar niches after uterine closure by double‐layer barbed suture: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Alessandri Franco , Centurioni Maria Grazia , Perrone Umberto , Evangelisti Giulio , Urso Claudia , Paratore Marco , Guida Elisabetta , Nappini Alice , Gustavino Claudio , Ferrero Simone , Barra Fabio
Published: February 2023

Objective

To compare the ultrasonographic features of uterine scars and clinical symptoms after cesarean delivery (CD) using barbed and conventional smooth sutures.

Methods

This case–control study enrolled women who underwent primary CD at 37 weeks of pregnancy or later. The uterus was closed using either double‐layer unidirectional barbed suture or conventional double‐layer smooth suture. Ultrasound scans of the uterine scar and evaluations of menstrual patterns were performed at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.

Results

In all, 102 patients underwent uterine closure with barbed suture, while 135 patients underwent smooth suture. At 6 months, patients in the barbed group had a lower incidence of uterine niches (20.2% vs 32.6%) that were also shallower in depth (P < 0.001). Lower incidence of niches was also observed in the barbed group at 12 and 24 months (P = 0.043 and 0.048, respectively). At these two follow‐up times, the smooth group had a higher number of patients reporting postmenstrual spotting (P < 0.05) and more postmenstrual spotting days per month (P < 0.050).

Conclusion

The use of double‐layer barbed suture during CD was associated with a lower incidence of scar niches and a more favorable menstrual pattern compared with the use of smooth suture.
Rare and Common Variants in GALNT3 May Affect Bone Mass Independently of Phosphate Metabolism
Authors: Hassan Neelam , Gregson Celia L. , Tang Haotian , van der Kamp Marc , Leo Paul , McInerney-Leo Aideen M. , Zheng Jie , Brandi Maria Luisa , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Fraser William , Stone Michael D. , Grundberg Elin ,   Anglo-Australasian Genetics Consortium, Brown Matthew A. , Duncan Emma L. , Tobias Jonathan H.
Published: February 2023

Anabolic treatment options for osteoporosis remain limited. One approach to discovering novel anabolic drug targets is to identify genetic causes of extreme high bone mass (HBM). We investigated a pedigree with unexplained HBM within the UK HBM study, a national cohort of probands with HBM and their relatives. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in a family with HBM identified a rare heterozygous missense variant (NM_004482.4:c.1657C > T, p.Arg553Trp) in GALNT3, segregating appropriately. Interrogation of data from the UK HBM study and the Anglo-Australasian Osteoporosis Genetics Consortium (AOGC) revealed an unrelated individual with HBM with another rare heterozygous variant (NM_004482.4:c.831 T > A, p.Asp277Glu) within the same gene. In silico protein modeling predicted that p.Arg553Trp would disrupt salt-bridge interactions, causing instability of GALNT3, and that p.Asp277Glu would disrupt manganese binding and consequently GALNT3 catalytic function. Bi-allelic loss-of-function GALNT3 mutations alter FGF23 metabolism, resulting in hyperphosphatemia and causing familial tumoral calcinosis (FTC). However, bone mineral density (BMD) in FTC cases, when reported, has been either normal or low. Common variants in the GALNT3 locus show genome-wide significant associations with lumbar, femoral neck, and total body BMD. However, no significant associations with BMD are observed at loci coding for FGF23, its receptor FGFR1, or coreceptor klotho. Mendelian randomization analysis, using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from primary human osteoblasts and genome-wide association studies data from UK Biobank, suggested increased expression of GALNT3 reduces total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD but has no effect on phosphate concentrations. In conclusion, rare heterozygous loss-of-function variants in GALNT3 may cause HBM without altering phosphate concentration. These findings suggest that GALNT3 may affect BMD through pathways other than FGF23 regulation, the identification of which may yield novel anabolic drug targets for osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Excited states of ortho‐nitrobenzaldehyde as a challenging case for single‐ and multi‐reference electronic structure theory
Authors: Vörös Dóra , Mai Sebastian
Published: February 2023

We present a large set of vertical excitation calculations for the ortho‐nitrobenzaldehyde (oNBA) molecule, which exhibits a very challenging excited‐state electronic structure like other nitroaromatic compounds. The single‐reference methods produce mostly consistent results up to about 5.5 eV. By contrast, the CAS second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) results depend sensitively on the employed parameters. At the CAS self‐consistent field level, the energies of the bright states are strongly overestimated while doubly excited states appear too low and mix with these states. This mixing hampers the CASPT2 step, leading to inconsistent results. Only by increasing the number of states in the state‐averaging step to about 40—to cover all bright states embedded in the double excitations—and employing extended multistate CASPT2 could CASPT2 results consistent with experiment be obtained. We assign the four bands in the molecule's spectrum: The weakest band at 3.7 eV arises from the states, the second one at 4.4 eV from the () state, the shoulder at 5.2 eV from the () state, and the maximum at 5.7 eV from the () states. We also highlight the importance of modern wave function analysis techniques in elucidating the absorption spectrum of challenging molecules.
A kinetic study of biotransformation from valencene to nootkatone in an oscillatory baffled reactor
Authors: Chilmeran Mohamed , Hodges Matthew , Ni Xiong‐Wei
Published: February 2023

In this paper we report our kinetic study of an oxidation reaction from valencene to nootkatone using enzyme in an oscillatory baffled reactor. The aims of this work are to elucidate the reaction mechanism and evaluate reaction kinetics. Towards these objectives, a full kinetic model using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood method was established and applied to the experimental data, allowing reactor schemes and orders to be confirmed and reaction rate constants to be extracted. Our full kinetic analysis suggests that most of the reversible reaction steps can be treated as irreversible, simplifying the overall reaction schemes. The effect of mass transfer on the kinetics was also investigated. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Single‐use centrifugal separator enables intensification of the clarification process in biomanufacturing of recombinant proteins
Authors: Agarwal Harshit , Thwin Capucine , Kumaar Bala Thangaraj
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The need to produce more biologics at lower costs and hence intensify bioprocessing has significantly improved upstream productivity (cell culture titers ≥3 g L−1 and cell densities ≥20 × 106 cells mL−1), shifting the economic and production bottleneck to downstream manufacturing. The first downstream unit operation is the clarification of the cell culture broth to remove various insoluble (such as cells and cell debris) and soluble (such as host cell DNA and proteins) contaminants, producing a feed stream suitable for further downstream purification. The high cell‐density cultures obtained in modern intensified bioprocessing have made legacy single‐use clarification trains (based primarily on depth filtration of the cell culture broth) ineffective and impractical, significantly increasing the economic and material burden of the clarification process.

RESULTS

We have developed and characterized approaches that enable intensification of the clarification operation, by increasing process capacities while reducing material requirements and footprint, for single‐use manufacturing facilities. These approaches are based on primary clarification using the Alfa Laval CultureOne™ centrifuge (a continuous solid discharge disc‐stack centrifuge with a single‐use flow path) followed by secondary clarification using single‐use disposable depth filters. We show that these intensified clarification trains are suitable for processing high cell‐density cultures (6–12% packed cell volume) with significantly high yields (≥90%) and impurity clearance, along with reduced operating costs (30–60% savings).

CONCLUSION

Incorporating a single‐use continuous discharge centrifuge into the clarification train enables clarification of high cell‐density cultures in single‐use manufacturing facilities and enhances process economic and environmental sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir alafenamide in children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review
Authors: O'Rourke John , Townsend Claire L. , Milanzi Edith , Collins Intira Jeannie , Castro Hannah , Judd Ali , Vicari Marissa , Jesson Julie , Leroy Valériane , Penazzato Martina , Renaud Françoise
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is approved for paediatric use in fixed‐dose combination tablets, but efficacy and safety data in children are limited. We conducted a systematic review on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of TAF in infants, children and adolescents living with HIV.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, reference lists and relevant conferences to identify literature published January 2009–March 2021. We included clinical trials and observational studies assessing the efficacy/effectiveness or safety of TAF through ≥6 months of treatment in participants aged 0–19 years.

Results and discussion

Overall 3626 abstracts and 371 full papers were screened. Four single‐arm, innovator‐funded trials (341 participants) and a pooled analysis of those trials were identified. All four trials included treatment‐experienced and virally suppressed children or adolescents. One trial also included treatment‐naïve adolescents with baseline viral load >1000 copies/ml. The risk of bias was rated as low in one study and unclear in the other three owing to missing data on study design (all conference presentations). At 48 weeks, 92% (46/50) of treatment‐naïve participants were virally suppressed (one trial). Among treatment‐experienced participants with viral load at 48 weeks, 214 of 224 participants were virally suppressed. Across the studies, one grade 3/4 adverse event was considered drug‐related (intermediate uveitis). There were three discontinuations for adverse events (grade 2 anxiety and insomnia, grade 1 iridocyclitis [drug‐related] and grade 1 pulmonary tuberculosis [unrelated to treatment]). One accidental death occurred across the four studies. In the pooled analysis of 223 participants, the median change in bone mineral density z‐score (height‐ and age‐adjusted) from baseline to 48 weeks was −0.12 (interquartile range [IQR] −0.46, 0.17) to 0.05 (IQR not reported) for spine, and −0.09 (IQR −0.33, 0.07) to 0.09 (IQR not reported) for total body less head. Weight‐for‐age z‐scores increased by 0.25 from baseline to 48 weeks.

Conclusions

Four single‐arm trials were identified in this systematic review, with initial evidence suggesting good viral suppression and no obvious safety concerns in children and adolescents on TAF‐containing regimens over 24–48 weeks. However, further comparative and longer‐term safety data are needed in children and adolescents, including on weight and metabolic changes.
Abbreviated MRI for Secondary Surveillance of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Presumed Curative Treatment
Authors: Jeon Sun Kyung , Lee Dong Ho , Hur Bo‐Yun , Park Sae‐Jin , Kim Se Woo , Park Junghoan , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Han Joon Koo
Published: February 2023

Background

Little is known about the performance of abbreviated MRI (AMRI) for secondary surveillance of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment.

Purpose

To evaluate the detection performance of AMRI for secondary surveillance of HCC after curative treatment.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 243 patients (183 men and 60 women; median age, 65 years) who underwent secondary surveillance for HCC using gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI after more than 2 year of disease‐free period following curative treatment, including surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T/noncontrast AMRI (NC‐AMRI) (T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, T1‐weighted gradient echo, and diffusion‐weighted images), hepatobiliary phase AMRI (HBP‐AMRI) (T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, diffusion‐weighted, and HBP images), and full‐sequence MRI

Assessment

Four board‐certified radiologists independently reviewed NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI sets of each patient for detecting recurrent HCC.

Statistical Tests

Per‐lesion sensitivity, per‐patient sensitivity and specificity for HCC detection at each set were compared using generalized estimating equation.

Results

A total of 42 recurred HCCs were confirmed in the 39 patients. The per‐lesion and per‐patient sensitivities did not show significant differences among the three image sets for either reviewer (P ≥ 0.358): per‐lesion sensitivity: 59.5%–83.3%, 59.5%–85.7%, and 59.5%–83.3%, and per‐patient sensitivity: 53.9%–83.3%, 56.4%–85.7%, and 53.9%–83.3% for NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI, respectively. Per‐lesion pooled sensitivities of NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI were 72.6%, 73.2%, and 73.2%, with difference of −0.6% (95% confidence interval: −6.7, 5.5) between NC‐AMRI and full‐sequence MRI and 0.0% (−6.1, 6.1) between HBP‐AMRI and full‐sequence MRI. Per‐patient specificity was not significantly different among the three image sets for both reviewers (95.6%–97.1%, 95.6%–97.1%, and 97.6%–98.5% for NC‐AMRI and HBP‐AMRI, respectively; P ≥ 0.117).

Data Conclusion

NC‐AMRI and HBP‐AMRI showed no significant difference in detection performance to that of full‐sequence gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI during secondary surveillance for HCC after more than 2‐year disease free interval following curative treatment. Based on its good detection performance, short scan time, and lack of contrast agent‐associated risks, NC‐AMRI is a promising option for the secondary surveillance of HCC.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Tipburn resilience in lettuce (Lactuca spp.) – the importance of germplasm resources and production system‐specific assays
Authors: Beacham Andrew M , Hand Paul , Teakle Graham R , Barker Guy C , Pink David A C , Monaghan James M
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Tipburn is a physiological disorder of lettuce (Lactuca spp.). It causes discoloration and collapse of leaf margins, leading to unsaleable crops in both protected (glasshouse, hydroponic) and outdoor production systems. The occurrence of tipburn is hard to predict and is sensitive to environmental conditions. Phenotyping for tipburn resilience requires diverse germplasm resources and, to date, limited material has been investigated for this condition.

RESULTS

Using a Lactuca diversity fixed foundation set (DFFS) under glasshouse conditions, we identified a significant (P < 0.001) genotypic effect on tipburn resilience across both the entire population and across lines belonging to the cultivated species L. sativa alone. Latuca sativa lines exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher average tipburn severity than those belonging to the wild species L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. virosa but we were able to identify both cultivated and wild tipburn‐resilient lines. Leaf morphology factors, which included pigmentation, width, and serration, also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced tipburn resilience. Using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from two DFFS lines, different small‐effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) accounting for 12.3% and 25.2% of total tipburn variation were identified in glasshouse and field conditions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

These results reflect the advantages of phenotyping under production‐system‐specific conditions for the examination of environmentally sensitive traits and highlight genetic markers and germplasm resources for the development of tipburn resilient lines for use in both protected and outdoor lettuce production. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Hong‐Yu , Yuan Yi , Gao Kai , Luo Hong‐Xia
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

We aim to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgeries.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang, VIPP, and CNKI were searched to identify published eligible randomized controlled trials. The primary results were the postoperative 24 h morphine consumption and pain scores, while the secondary outcomes included pain scores at other times, press times of patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), times to request for first rescue analgesia, the incidence of request for rescue analgesia, opioid‐related complications, nerve blocks related complications and patient satisfaction.

Results

We included 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, which involved 1293 participants. The morphine consumption and the pain scores during 24 h postoperatively were significantly decreased in the ESPB group versus the control group (p < 0.00001). Furthermore, ESPB also reduced pain scores at other time points, press times of PCIA, and times to first rescue analgesia requirement. Meanwhile, there was a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and skin pruritus in the ESPB group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Compared to general anesthesia alone, ESPB combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the postoperative pain intensity within 48 h and opioid consumption within 24 h after breast cancer surgery, and reduce the incidence of opioid and nerve blocks related complications.
Caulerpa lentillifera Seaweed Extract as Natural Sensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Zakaria Puteri Najihah Megat , Noor Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd , Winie Tan
Published: February 2023

Chlorophyll natural dye is deemed as an attractive alternative to the expensive and toxic nature Ruthenium‐based dyes, due to its abundance in nature. In this work, the chlorophyll is extracted from the Caulerpa lentillifera seaweed. The absorption spectrum of C. lentillifera shows absorbance in 400–450 and 650–700 nm. The acetone produces the highest yield for the C. lentillifera seaweed, followed by ethanol and methanol. The adherence of chlorophyll pigment to the surface of TiO2 is supported by the FTIR, FESEM, and EDX analyses. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) based gel‐like electrolyte and chlorophyll from C. lentillifera seaweed. The effect of the thickness of the TiO2 mesoporous layer on the light harvesting ability of DSSCs is monitored. The highest efficiency of 0.20% is achieved with a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.52 mA cm−2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.58 V and the fill factor (ff) of 0.65. The stability of C. lentillifera seaweed extract in DSSCs is reported.
Density Functional Studies of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Reveals Higher Reactivity and Potential of Anionic Form of Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Sehrawat Rajeev , Tyagi Deepak , Mittal Rashmi , Gupta Bhupesh , Pandey S. P. , Singh O. P. , Sharma A. K.
Published: February 2023

Density functional (B3LYP)/6‐31G calculations have been performed on the electronic structure of neutral, cationic, and anionic from of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Net atomic charges, bond length, dipole moment, and total energy of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are compared in order to explore the finer details of these molecules. Comparison shows that redistribution of charges on anionic form of hydroxychloroquine is over larger range as compared to other forms hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which favors the experimental results of pharmacokinetic studies.
Humidity‐Dependent Ion Conduction Mechanism of PVA‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Films
Authors: Kumar Kailash , Mehrotra Kushal , Raj Ashish , Pandey Shri Prakash , Bhattacharya Bhaskar
Published: February 2023

Polymer electrolytes are studied worldwide for their possible applications in various electrochemical devices. In the last few decades, a large number of polymer electrolytes have been developed and characterized. However, in most cases, the effect of humidity has been ignored. In this paper, we report a systematic study on a polymer electrolyte's electrical and dielectric properties at different humidity. The chosen system is a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) based polymer electrolyte in which potassium iodide (KI) with differing weight percentage is selected as the dopant salt for the synthesis of PVA‐KI films. Four different compositions of PVA‐KI films are synthesized using the solution cast technique. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique is used to determine its conductivity at three different humidity levels: 55%, 75%, and 85%. Analysis of dielectric permittivity and electrical modulus of the films is also done at these humidity levels. The highest conductivity for all the four different compositions of films is found to be at 85% humidity level, of which the optimum ionic conductivity is seen in the 75:25 composition of PVA:KI with a value of 1.25×10−4 S cm−1.The number of charge carriers and their mobility are calculated for all samples at different humidity levels. A correlation has been established between the conductivity of the films and the mobility of charge carriers.
Transmission Properties of a One‐Dimensional Defective Photonic Crystal Structure of Air/Magnetized‐Cold‐Plasma
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Lamba Aditi , Suthar Bhuvneshwer
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the transmission characteristics, of an asymmetric periodic structure of air/LHP‐MCP is considered as LHPPC, are determined. In this study, the same structure with symmetrically introduced defect layer of MCP, as (AB)N/2B(BA)N/2, under same configuration is also analyzed. The authors find that, with an increase in magnitude of magnetizing field, the transmittance in such PCs increase. The transmittance in defect‐introduced PC is low as compared to corresponding LHPPC without defect. It is investigated that the cutoff value of frequency (GHz) for transmission for the defective LHPPC decreases with an increase in magnetic field similar to those of the PC without defect. Here, the complete bandgap obtained at a higher frequency range in the spectra of the defective PC exhibits defect mode and disappears at B = −0.8T, which is disappearing at B = −0.6T in case of the PC without defect. It is demonstrated that both the PCs show broadband reflector behaviors at lower frequency range with low magnetic field, viz. B = −0.2T, while the impact of defect is to further reduce the transmission in MCP‐based PC, for chosen values of the magnetic field. The obtained results under this analysis may be referred in designing broadband reflectors as well as multichannel transmitters and high transmitter with low and high magnetic fields, respectively. The shifting in the cutoff frequency for transmission with magnetic field shows the applications of such PCs in switching devices.
Electrical and Structural Properties of PEMA‐Based Plasticized Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Bhargava Cherry , Alheety Mustafa A , Sharma Jyoti
Published: February 2023

To resolve the challenges that portable devices confront, polymer electrolytes should be developed. Polymer electrolytes have a number of advantages, including nonflammability, low cost, high stability, no leakage, and a long lifespan. In the present research work, PEMA host polymer with potassium iodide salt enclosure is used with ethylene carbonate (EC) plasticizer to enhance mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. The PEMA+40% wt Kl sample conductivity is measured by complex impedance spectroscopy technique and the maximum conductivity obtained is 3.80×10−6S cm‐1at room temperature. When EC is added into the solution, there is an increase in conductivity, and the maximum conductivity measured is 4.65×10−5S cm‐1with sample PEMA+40% wt KI+ %60 wt EC. The prepared electrolyte structural changes and complex formation are subjected to FTIR and XRD characterization techniques. The pore nature of the synthesized polymer electrolyte is investigated using surface electron microscopy.
Carbon Tax and Inflationary Conditions under Learning Effects: A Green EOQ Inventory Model
Authors: Ahmad Naeem , Jaysawal Mahesh Kumar , Sangal Isha , Kumar Santosh , Alam Khursheed
Published: February 2023

Now a day, green retail operations drive in many fields to improve the quality of deteriorating items during the delivery of the green items to his customer. In the present paper, retailer receives greening items from the seller and stores it. After received lot of greening items, retailer starts packing of greening items to maintain the quality of greening items and safe from some germs. We are considering that the holding units exit carbon units which are harmful to the environments. Retailer includes carbon emission cost and green packing cost and also invests on greening items to control the greening degree of the product. This paper deals a green economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model with learning effect for decaying greening items under the inflationary condition and credit financing. An expression for the total cost of the retailer has been minimized with respect to cycle length in the environments of green operations. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of greening degree and trade‐credit financing with the learning effect and inflationary condition under carbon emissions on the retailer's total inventory cost. An expression for the total cost of the retailer has been minimized with respect to cycle length in the environments of green operations. Conclusively, sensitive analysis has been presented as a consequence of numerical examples.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticle on PEMA‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Bhargava Cherry , Kakroo Sunanda
Published: February 2023

The key goals in developing electrolytes for batteries and solar panels are mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, leakage resistance, and safety. To improve ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, a PEMA‐based electrolyte with potassium iodide as salt, ethylene carbonate as plasticizer, and nanofillers is used. To make a thin polymer matrix film, a solution casting approach is used. PEMA+40% wt. KI+60% wt. EC has a maximum ionic conductivity of 4.65×10−5 S cm‐1 when measured using the LC method. After adding CNT, the conductivity of this sample reaches 2.95×10−3 S cm‐1. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the surface morphology and crystallinity determined by XRD measurements. FTIR research verifies the existence of several components in solid polymer electrolyte.
New Jersey seeks statewide application of collaborative crisis response
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2023

Current and planned expansions of police and mental health co‐responder initiatives in New Jersey have the state poised to become the first in the nation to execute a statewide application of the increasingly popular model in mental health crisis response.
Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Preadipocyte Growth via the microRNA‐let‐7a/HMGA2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Wen‐Ting , Yang Meei‐Ju , Tsuei Yi‐Wei , Su Tsung‐Chen , Siao An‐Ci , Kuo Yow‐Chii , Huang Ling‐Ru , Chen Yi , Chen Sy‐Jou , Chen Po‐Chuan , Cheng Ching‐Feng , Ku Hui‐Chen , Kao Yung‐Hsi
Published: February 2023

Scope

This study investigates the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on white and beige preadipocyte growth and explores the involvement of the miR‐let‐7a/HMGA2 pathway.

Methods and results

3T3‐L1 and D12 cells are treated with EGCG. The effect of EGCG on cell proliferation and viability is evaluated, as well as microRNA (miRNA)‐related signaling pathways. EGCG inhibits 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocyte growth, upregulates miR‐let‐7a expression, and downregulates high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) mRNA and protein levels in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of miR‐let‐7a significantly inhibits the growth of 3T3‐L1 and D12 cells and decreases HMGA2 mRNA and protein levels. MiR‐let‐7a inhibitor antagonizes the inhibitory effects of EGCG on the number and viability of 3T3‐L1 and D12 cells. Furthermore, miR‐let‐7a inhibitor reverses the EGCG‐induced increase in miR‐let‐7a expression levels and decrease in HMGA2 mRNA and protein levels. HMGA2 overexpression induces an increase in cell number and viability and antagonizes EGCG‐suppressed cell growth and HMGA2 expression in 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocytes.

Conclusion

EGCG inhibits the growth of 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocytes by modulating the miR‐let‐7a and HMGA2 pathways.
Barley Phenolamides Effectively Scavenge Harmful Methylglyoxal In Vitro and in Mice
Authors: Wang Weixin , Zhu Yingdong , Sang Shengmin
Published: February 2023

Scope

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a harmful reactive dicarbonyl, is involved in the pathogenesis and development of diabetes and diabetic complications. The goal of this study is to determine whether bioactive phenolamides in barley, p‐coumaroylagmatine (pCAA) and feruloylagmatine (FAA), which share a similar guanidine group to diabetic drug metformin, have the capacity to detoxify MGO.

Methods and results

In this study, the MGO‐trapping abilities of these two phenolamides both in vitro and in mice are evaluated. It is found that in vitro anti‐MGO capacities of pCAA and FAA are comparable to that of metformin, and both phenolamides could rapidly scavenge MGO via forming mono‐ and di‐MGO adducts validated by in‐house synthesized standards and interpretation of respective LC‐MSn (n = 2–3) data. Furthermore, mono‐MGO conjugates of phenolamides are detected from feces and urine of mice after oral administration of the corresponding phenolamides.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that barley phenolamides may have the potentials to be developed as alternative therapeutics to prevent the development of MGO‐associated diabetes and diabetic complications.