bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Risiko Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung di Desa Dulamayo Utara Kecamatan Telaga Biru Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Nadi Novaldy I. , Halid Amir , Mustafa Ramlan
Published: January 2025

This research was conducted in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency. This study aims to determine: 1) The risk of corn farming production in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency, 2) How much is the income of corn farming in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency. This study's population consists of corn farmers in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, and Gorontalo Regency, totaling 297 people. In taking samples for this study using simple random sampling using the Solvin formula, the number of researcher samples was 39 respondents. The data analysis method used production risk analysis using the production variation coefficient formula and income analysis using the farm income formula. The results showed that using the Coefficient of Variation (CV), the corn production risk value could be calculated as 0.348 or <0.5, which can be categorized as low risk because the variation coefficient value is less than 0.5. This is also influenced by several factors, such as weather factors and pest and disease attacks, that farmers do not handle quickly and appropriately. The income obtained by 39 respondents in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency each year is Rp540,965,167. with an average/farmer of Rp13,870,902 and an average/ha of Rp9,326,897. This means that corn in Dulamayo Utara Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency, is quite helpful for the farmers' economy.
Influence of Production Factors and Dummy Partnerships on Broiler Poultry Production
Authors: Machmuddin Nurlela , Dewi Intani , Jafar Rayhana , Pramita Dira Asri
Published: January 2025

Livestock activities are animal cultivation activities to obtain profits, one of which is obtained through increasing production. This research aims to analyze the influence of production factors, namely land size, capital, chicken seeds or DOC, feed, medicines, labor, cost of electricity, and partnership patterns, on broiler poultry production. The method used in the research is the linear regression analysis method using the Douglas production function. This study was conducted in North Tarakan District, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan. The research respondents were 30 broiler poultry breeders selected using a quota sampling technique consisting of independent and partner chicken breeders. The analysis results are as follows: 1) production factors that significantly affect broiler poultry production are chicken seeds (DOC) and feed. Meanwhile, production factors such as cage area, capital, labor, and electricity do not significantly influence broiler poultry production. 2) Dummy partnership patterns do not significantly affect broiler poultry production. However, in this case, study, the advantage that breeders get by partnering with plasma companies is that breeders get convenience in providing seeds (DOC), feed, medicines, and certainty of marketing by partners. Breeders get material and counseling for administering vaccines, disease prevention techniques, and medicines from partners. Stated that providing training and extension services has the potential to increase chicken productivity. While the disadvantage is possible losses from entering into a partnership, including that chicken breeders are not free to sell their production to other places if the price of chicken rises.
Analisis Risiko Produksi Pertanian Mentimun pada Lahan Gambut di Kubu Raya
Authors: Anggraini Zusnita , Dolorosa Eva , Fitrianti Wanti
Published: January 2025

Kubu Raya Regency, particularly Rasau Jaya District, is a region in West Kalimantan dominated by peatlands. One of the leading agricultural products in this area is cucumber. However, cucumber production in Rasau Jaya District experiences significant annual fluctuations. These fluctuations are caused by various risks, such as vulnerability to climate change, which triggers pest and plant disease outbreaks, and physical and chemical damage to peatlands. This study, conducted in 2023, aims to describe cucumber production outcomes, analyze factors affecting production risks, and measure the magnitude of those risks. Data were collected from 30 respondents who are cucumber farmers in Rasau Jaya District. The research highlights that peatlands, while fertile, are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making risk management crucial for sustainable agriculture. Farmers face challenges such as limited access to agricultural inputs and unpredictable weather conditions, further amplifying the risks in cucumber farming. The socio-economic characteristics of respondents, including education levels and farming experience, also play a role in managing production risks. Data analysis was performed using the coefficient of variation (CV) method and multiple linear regression. The results show that the production risk of cucumber farming in peatlands has a CV value of 0.009, indicating a low risk (CV < 0.5). The analyzed factors include land area, seeds, labor, lime usage, and poles and strings. These factors significantly influence the production risks of cucumbers in the area. This study provides insights into the conditions and risks of cucumber cultivation in the peatlands of Rasau Jaya. The information obtained can serve as a basis for better risk management in peatland agricultural practices.
Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Peran Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik)
Authors: Cahyati Ayu Regita , Rusmana Rusmana , Sulistyorini Endang , Firnia Dewi
Published: January 2025

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are horticultural products that are highly sought after because they are often used for various purposes. However, the high demand for this product is not matched by its production levels. The excessive use of chemical products can reduce the nutrient content in the soil, making it difficult to achieve maximum production yields. The solution that can be implemented to solve the problem is to add organic materials to the cultivation process. This research investigated the combined effect of media composition and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the growth and yield of shallots. This research is located at the Integrated Agricultural System Area in Curug District, Serang City, Banten, from May to August 2024. This experimental research uses a Randomized Block Design with two factors and three replications, resulting in 36 experimental units where each experimental unit contains two plants, totaling 72 plants. The first factor is the composition of the planting media soil: husk charcoal: cow manure fertilizer, which consists of 4 ratios: (1:1:1), (2:1:1), (1:2:1), and (1:1:2). The second factor is the concentration of GDM LOF, which consists of 3 levels: 6 mL/L, 8 mL/L, and 10 mL/L. The research results show that the treatment of planting media composition significantly affects plant height and number of leaves, with the best treatment being the planting media composition of soil: husk charcoal: cow manure fertilizer (1:2:1). Meanwhile, the treatment of GDM LOF concentration significantly effects on plant height, number of leaves, and tuber diameter, with the best treatment being the GDM LOF concentration of 8 mL/L. Interaction was found in plant height at 2 weeks after planting.
Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Kambing dan Media Arang Sekam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Septian Darso , Rusmana Rusmana , Rumbiak Julio Eiffelt Rossaffielt , Firnia Dewi
Published: January 2025

One of the vegetable commodities with the highest economic worth is green mustard greens. Optimizing the usage of fertilizers and planting material can increase the yield of green mustard greens. Plant growth and soil quality may be sustainably enhanced by using rice husk charcoal and goat manure. Goat dung and rice husk charcoal are being used in this study to boost the development and production of green mustard greens until the ideal fertilizer dose and planting media ratio are determined. ln May and June of 2024, this survey was conducted on land owned by residents of Wanasari Villager, Cibeber Region, Lebak Regencies, Banten Province. ln this investigation, three replications and two variables were employed in a factorial randomized block design (RAK). Goat dung dosage is the first factor, and it comes in three levels: 0 g/polybag, 1000 g/polybag, and 2000 g/polybag. A comparison of three levels of rice husk charcoal 0 g rice husk charcoal media and 2000 g soil (0:2)/polybag, 1000 g rice husk charcoal media and 1000 g soil (1:1)/polybag, and 2000 g rice husk charcoal media and 1000 g soil (2:1)/polybag is the second factor. This process is repeated three times to yield 27 plants. ANOVA and a post hoc test employing the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level were employed in this investigation. Plant height, leaf quantity, main leaf length, main leaf breadth, fresh plant weight, root length, and wet root weight were the characteristics measured in this investigation. The goat manure dosage had a notably distinct impact on green mustard development across all criteria, with 1000 g/polybag being the optimal amount.
A biomechanical modelling study of pedestrian skull and brain injury risk in vehicle collisions affected by head rotational speed
Authors: Xiangxian Yi  , Yangkun Luo,  , Wu Zhou  , Jin Nie
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the influence of head rotational speed on pedestrian skull and brain injury risk while considering the variation of head linear impact speed and contact location.

Methods

Pedestrian head-to-vehicle collision simulations are defined by the distributions of pedestrian head-vehicle impact boundary conditions extracted from reconstructions of real-world accidents, where finite element (FE) models of a human body head and vehicle front-end are applied.

Results

In general, a higher rotational speed at the instant of contacting with vehicle structures leads to a higher skull and brain injury risk: an increase of 30 rad/s in head rotational speed increases the skull fracture risk on average by 2.1-2.6 times and the AIS2+ (Abbreviated Injury Scale) brain injury risk by 1.7-2.7 times in head-hood impacts; for the contacts on the windscreen, the AIS2+ brain injury risk is below 15%, the effect of head rotational speed could be ignored, though an increase of 30 rad/s in head rotational speed leads to 1.6-2.9 times increase in AIS2+ brain injury risk.

Conclusions

Head rotational speed has significant influences on both skull and brain injury risk. The effect of head rotational speed is always adverse for the risk of brain injuries and hood contact induced skull fractures. However, head rotational speed has no apparent effect on the skull injury risk for head-vehicle contacts at the windscreen.
Comparative analysis of orthopaedic scaffold fixation methods – a finite element study
Authors: Gryko Anita , Prochor Piotr
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Critical-size bone defects (CSBD) are a serious challenge in current orthopaedics. Natural healing processes are insufficient, leading to complications such as muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, impaired limb function and reduced quality of life. Currently used autologous or allogeneic bone grafts have disadvantages, such as long surgery time, secondary injuries and immunological reactions. A promising alternative in the treatment of CSBD is the use of a scaffold. The key element of the effective use of scaffolds is their proper anchoring in the bone defect. The article presents numerical analyses of the effectiveness of selected anchoring methods of the scaffold in the bone.

Methods

Scaffolds were placed in a 60 mm long CSBDs. Four methods of anchoring the scaffold in the bone were selected: locking plate, external ring, intramedullary nail and double anti-rotation wedge. A simulation of the forces generated during the entire gait cycle was performed. The parameters obtained were: Huber Mises Hencky (HMH) max stress, strain energy density (SED), sliding distance, frictional stress and bone-scaffold gap.

Results

Based on the conducted research, it was determined that the most effective of the evaluated solutions, in terms of load transfer, were the use of external ring or double anti-rotation wedge.

Conclusions

The conducted research confirm that in the treatment of CSBD, an effective solution is the use of a scaffold, which effectiveness can be improved with appropriate anchoring method.
The influence of core mechanics training on the body coordination of Wushu athletes during aerial rotations
Authors: Jie Li  , Qing Su  , Wen Shi  , Yuan Wang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to enhance athletes’ body coordination through mastering the optimal core mechanics training method.

Methods

This article selected 20 Wushu athletes and randomly divided them into two groups, an experimental group that participated in core mechanics training and a control group that participated in normal waist and abdomen training. By comparing the data of core strength quality and completion degree of difficult movements before and after experiments, this study explored whether core mechanics training can improve the body coordination of Wushu athletes during aerial rotations.

Results

Group A was one point higher than group B in the degree of contracted waist, and the improvement of core stability was also significantly higher than group B (P < 0.05). In terms of the improvement of core explosive power, the number of sit-ups per minute of both groups increased by more than 15.

Conclusions

Core mechanics training can improve the quality of Wushu athletes' aerial rotations more effectively and enhance their body coordination.
Disputas sobre recursos naturales, soberanía y arbitraje internacional: retos de América Latina y Ecuador en contratos estratégicos
Authors: Constantine Sambrano Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

En esta entrevista, Rodrigo aborda el tipo de negocios internacionales que puede desarrollar el Estado ecuatoriano y cómo utilizar sus recursos naturales en beneficio de sus estrategias, así como los conflictos socioambientales que podrían surgir. Sostiene que estos aspectos pueden generar tensiones, en especial en cuanto a la provisión energética, los derechos de la naturaleza y los derechos colectivos de las nacionalidades indígenas. Ante estas condiciones, será necesario prever y evitar los perjuicios que generen indemnizaciones innecesarias. Además, subraya la importancia de mantener cautela con organizaciones como el Fondo Monetario Internacional, que podrían condicionar las políticas fiscales del país. Estas fricciones deberán resolverse mediante un acuerdo en torno a un proyecto que define el camino hacia un Ecuador constitucional, plurinacional, de derechos y justicia.
IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS VIRTUAL ASSISTANT FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Geovanny Alvi , Estevan Giovanno ,   Universitas Internasional Batam, Tong Infrisanti Wilson ,   Universitas Internasional Batam, Louis Jason Aaron ,   Universitas Internasional Batam, Vianto Vincent Octarian ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is wide-ranging division of computer science concerned with building sharp machines competent of performing errands that frequently require human bits of knowledge. AI is an interest science with various approaches, but movements in machine learning and significant learning are making a worldview move in basically each division of the tech industry. AI can we implemented as virtual assistant to help patients to identify their illness and suggest whether the patient needs a medication or further diagnosis directly by doctors. Virtual assistant can reduce unnecessary physical meetings between doctors and patients, especially for infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
The Idea of Implementing AI into the Learning Management System
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Samudra Jimmy Prawira , Liang Wisely ,   Universitas Internasional Batam, Afandi Afandi ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: January 2025

This academic research paper is intend to propose our team ideas into upcoming future society named society 5.0. We will be researching in how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can provide its technologies capabilities into Learning Management System (LMS). LMS has been an interest in the past few decades and has helped educators a lot in imparting knowledge to their students. And so we can see that LMS will be used a lot in the not so far away future. From this paper, we hope that our idea can be a potential researching material for the researchers.
Ensemble Technique for Diabetic Precision Medicine Classification
Authors: Sobhanbabu Badugu , Bharati K. F.
Published: January 2025

It is precisely 100 years after giving an insulin shot to a human, which created a revolution in diabetes treatment. Since the fate of diabetes patients has changed in humankind. In this regard, the exact dosage and same set of medicine for diabetes patients may not fit. Thus, there is a requirement for Precision medicine which can change the treatment of diabetes. There is a requirement for building automated intelligent systems to recommend precision medicine that can help practitioners. This paper discusses precision medicine, which has a complete schema for deriving Precision medicine from Big data. In our proposed schema, the component Intelligent Precision Medicine Engine, a new phase is added to filter the non-diabetic patient records to be processed by the Recommender engine, which would reduce the computational energies. With this object, a multi-layered bagging technique is used to classify with the best result nearing 96% with the UCI machine learning dataset for diabetes. Three layers of classification multi-models with majority voting are designed, and results are discussed.
Peran Pembiayaan Pendidikan dalam Mendukung Program Sekolah
Authors: Permana Moch Andi , Almubarokah Lutfiah , Mizana Fadhila
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembiayaan pendidikan di MI Al-Fitroh Tangerang dalam peningkatan program sekolah. Metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi . Pengolahan data dengan kondensasi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MI Al-Fitroh Tangerang memahami pentingnya pendanaan pendidikan mendukung program ekstrakurikuler yang penting bagi pengembangan bakat siswa. Sekolah mengalokasikan sebagian anggaran tahunannya untuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, sehingga siswa dapat berpartisipasi dalam berbagai kegiatan yang memperkaya pengalaman belajar mereka. Selain itu, sekolah juga mengalokasikan dana untuk perbaikan infrastruktur dan pelatihan tenaga pengajar. Kegiatan seperti seminar dan workshop bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru.
This research aims to analyze education financing at MI Al-Fitroh Tangerang in improving school programs. Qualitative research method through case studies. Data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Data processing by condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that MI Al-Fitroh Tangerang understands the importance of educational funding to support extracurricular programs which are important for developing students' talents. Schools allocate a portion of their annual budget for extracurricular activities, so that students can participate in a variety of activities that enrich their learning experience. Apart from that, schools also allocate funds for infrastructure improvements and teaching staff training. Activities such as seminars and workshops aim to improve teacher skills.
Kajian Tafsir Surat Al-Kahfi ayat 17 dan 25 dalam Konteks Sejarah dan Perjuangan Lahirnya Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Suwandi  , Susiawati Wati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan tafsir al-Qur’an 18:17,25 untuk mengkaji konteks sosial, Sejarah, dan perjuangan bangsa Indonesia. Beberapa mufasir Al-Qur’an dari masa-ke masa belum menemukan dalam penelitiannya secara eksplisit dan spesifik menafsirkan tentang al-Qur’an18:17, 25 sebagai sebuah ayat, tanda, atau tonggak sejarah lahirnya bangsa Indonesia. Maka peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti tafsir surat Al-Kahfi 18;17,25 yang berkisah tentang para pemuda yang tinggal di gua selama kurun waktu 309 tahun. Pendekatan historis dan metode tafsir tematik digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk menyoroti hubungan antara tafsir al-Qur'ani dan realitas perjuangan bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan menggali bagaimana kedua ayat tersebut dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks sosial dan sejarah lahirnya bangsa Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya  pesan yang tersirat dalam al-Qur’an 18:17, 25 dengan sejarah lahirnya bangsa Indonesia.
Pendekatan Teks dan Konteks dalam Perspektif Semantik al-Jurjani, Firth dan A. Teun van Dijk
Authors: Nurfauzan Muhammad Fakhri , Fajarudin Abdul Malik , Nisa Mauidlotun , Susiawati Wati
Published: January 2025

Salah satu hal utama yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memahami makna suatu kalimat adalah konteks. Mengesampingkan konteks sama saja dengan memperlakukan sebuah kalimat atau ujaran secara tidak adil, karena keduanya saling terkait dalam proses pembentukan makna. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pemikiran tiga tokoh utama dalam kajian teks dan konteks, yaitu Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, J.R. Firth, dan Teun A. van Dijk, serta relevansinya dalam analisis modern. Studi ini juga membahas aplikasi teori mereka dalam berbagai kajian modern, termasuk analisis sastra, linguistik fungsional, analisis wacana kritis, dan studi media. Pendekatan al-Jurjani membantu memahami pengaruh konteks historis dan budaya terhadap interpretasi karya sastra, sementara konsep Firth memperdalam analisis interaksi antara struktur teks dan konteks sosial. Model kognisi sosial van Dijk membuka peluang untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pengalaman individu dan konteks sosial membentuk pemahaman teks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna bahasa merupakan hasil interaksi kompleks antara teks dan konteks. Integrasi teori-teori ini dalam kajian modern memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang komunikasi manusia serta pembentukan makna dalam berbagai situasi sosial dan budaya. Dengan demikian, pemikiran al-Jurjani, Firth, dan van Dijk tetap relevan dalam menjelaskan dinamika komunikasi di era modern.
One of the key aspects to consider in understanding the meaning of a sentence is context. Ignoring context is equivalent to treating a sentence or utterance unfairly, as both are inherently interconnected in the process of meaning formation. This article explores the ideas of three prominent figures in the study of text and context: Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, J.R. Firth, and Teun A. van Dijk, as well as their relevance in modern analysis. The study also examines the application of their theories in various contemporary fields, including literary analysis, functional linguistics, critical discourse analysis, and media studies. Al-Jurjani’s approach aids in understanding the influence of historical and cultural contexts on the interpretation of literary works, while Firth’s concept enhances the analysis of interactions between text structures and social contexts. Van Dijk’s model of social cognition provides opportunities to explore how individual experiences and social contexts shape text comprehension. The findings indicate that the meaning of language results from the complex interaction between text and context. Integrating these theories into modern studies offers profound insights into human communication and the formation of meaning in diverse social and cultural situations. Thus, the thoughts of al-Jurjani, Firth, and van Dijk remain highly relevant in explaining the dynamics of communication in the modern era
Penerapan Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Abna Muhammad Luthfi , Muhammad Ikram Andi
Published: January 2025

Melihat perkembangan serta potensi pertumbuhan ekonomi syariah yang disebabkan oleh tren global yang menjadikan ekonomi syariah sebagai alternatif dalam perkembangan perekonomian membuat ekonomi syariah semakin banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat. Sebagaimana Sadd adz-dzari’ah memiliki beberapa keterkaitan pada proses perkembangan ekonomi Islam, yang mana hal tersebut dapat dengan mudah ditemukan pada lembaga keuangan. Penerapan sadd adz-dzariah dapat ditemukan dalam Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonnesia (MUI), salah satunya terkait haramnya bunga bank. Pada lembaga keuangan syariah penerapan sadd adz-dzari’ah ditemukan pada tawarruq yang dipergunakan untuk memperoleh dana cash. Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat Fatwa DSN MUI No. 82 Tahun 2011 tentang Perdagangan Komoditi Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah di Bursa Komoditi.
Retorika Dakwah Tiktok dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Public Speaking : Pendekatan, Teknik dan Tantangan
Authors: Fadhila Nurul , Abdilah Muhamad Fikri
Published: January 2025

Dakwah di TikTok menawarkan pengalaman yang menyenangkan, interaktif, dan kreatif bagi gen z dan menjadikannya salah satu platform media sosial paling disukai. Namun Generasi Z sering kali menghadapi rasa kurang percaya diri yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti pembulian yang mereka terima sejak dini di rumah bahkan oleh orang terdekat, tekanan dari apa yang media sosial sajikan,  perbandingan diri dengan orang lain, dan standar kecantikan atau kesuksesan yang tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan tidak percaya diri terutama ketika berbicara di depan umum. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu studi kasus. Metode analisis data yang penulis terapkan adalah model interaktif dari Miles & Huberman, yang melibatkan subproses yang saling terkait pada tahap pengumpulan data. Retorika dakwah yang marak pada aplikasi Tiktok banyak memberikan input positif guna meningkatkan kepercayaan diri audience guna menjadi public speaker yang baik kedepannya.
Da'wah on TikTok offers a fun, interactive, and creative experience for Generation Z, making it one of the most popular social media platforms. However, Generation Z often struggles with a lack of self-confidence caused by various factors, such as bullying experienced from an early age, even at home or by close relatives, pressures from social media content, self-comparison with others, and high standards of beauty or success. This lack of confidence is especially evident when speaking in public.  This study will employ a qualitative approach, specifically a case study. The data analysis method used by the researcher follows the interactive model by Miles & Huberman, which involves interrelated subprocesses during the data collection phase. The widespread rhetoric of da'wah on TikTok has provided significant positive contributions to enhancing the audience's self-confidence, helping them become better public speakers in the future.
Dampak Dari Pola Asuh Orang Tua yang Salah Hingga Mengakibatkan Anak Menikah Diusia Dini
Authors: Wichayani Rawi Hafizah , Salsabila Adliya , Agustia Dwi , Kurnianingsih  , Batubara Fakhirah , Sari Dewi Purnama , Syarqawi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Pernikahan dini di kalangan remaja, khususnya di desa-desa, sering kali dipicu oleh pola asuh orang tua yang kurang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya pernikahan dini dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi di Desa Karang Anyer, Simalungun. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa faktor ekonomi, lingkungan sosial, dan pola asuh yang permisif menjadi penyebab utama. Dampak pernikahan dini meliputi terputusnya pendidikan, risiko kesehatan, dan tantangan ekonomi, meskipun ada juga dampak positif seperti pengurangan beban orang tua. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya peran orang tua dalam mendidik anak dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang bahaya pernikahan dini.
Early marriage among teenagers, especially in villages, is often triggered by inadequate parenting. This study aims to analyse the factors that cause early marriage and its impact on children's lives. The method used is field research with in-depth interviews and observation in Karang Anyer Village, Simalungun. The findings show that economic factors, social environment and permissive parenting are the main causes. The impacts of early marriage include educational disconnection, health risks and economic challenges, although there are also positive impacts such as a reduction in parental burden. The results of this study highlight the importance of parents' role in educating their children and raising public awareness about the dangers of early marriage.
Rekontruksi Hukum Agraria Pasca Amandemen Undang-Undnag Dasar 1945 Guna Menunjang Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Andri Gustiva
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai penataan kembali hukum agraria setelah perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, termasuk konsep modernisasinya. Dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan normatif hukum, teridentifikasi sejumlah permasalahan dalam tata kelola agraria, antara lain: disparitas kepemilikan lahan negara, inkonsistensi kebijakan alokasi lahan di masa lampau, munculnya persoalan sosial dan lingkungan di area perdesaan, serta tidak efektifnya Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA). Oleh karena itu, guna menanggulangi persoalan-persoalan ini, pemerintah perlu mengambil langkah-langkah strategis dalam memodernisasi hukum agraria yang berlaku. Pancasila dan konstitusi semestinya menjadi landasan utama dalam pembaruan hukum agraria nasional, agar tanah dan sumber daya agraria tidak lagi diperlakukan sebagai komoditas perdagangan.
This article discusses the reconstruction of agrarian law after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, as well as the concept of renewal. Through the legal norms approach, several problems were found in managing agrarian affairs, including: inequality in state land control, overlapping land distribution policies in the past, the emergence of social and ecological crises in rural areas and the non-functioning of UUPA. So to overcome this problem, the Government needs to take strategic steps to reform the existing agrarian law. Pancasila and the constitution must be the spirit and soul of national agrarian law reform. So that existing land and agrarian resources will no longer be used as trading material.
The Role of Women’s Language in Transwoman’s Identity in The Documentary Disclosure (2021)
Authors: Nadhifa Aqilah Aulia , Suyatman Ujang , Ruminda
Published: January 2025

This research explores the use of women’s language by trans women in the documentary Disclosure. The research is based on Robin Lakoff and Judy Pearson’s theory, which explains the various language features often used by women to express themselves in social contexts and also how the function of women’s language. These features include women’s language, which reflects the way women communicate. This study aims to identify the types of women’s language features used by transwomen in the documentary and understand the function of the language in constructing, expressing, and representing their gender identity.  The method used in this research is qualitative, with data collection techniques in the form of observation and analysis of dialog contained in the documentary. The dialogues spoken by Transwoman are classified based on Lakoff's women’s Language and Pearson’s Function of Women’s Language theory, then analyzed to see how language choices play a role in representing their gender identity. The results of this study are expected to reveal the relationship between the language features used and the process of gender identity construction in the media. In addition, this research makes a significant contribution to the study of sociolinguistics by expanding the understanding of the relationship between language, gender, and also identity.
Takotsubo syndrome in the context of atherosclerotic acute myocardial infarction: the role of magnetic resonance imaging in determining cause or consequence
Authors: Espinoza Romero Cristhian , Correia Vinícius Machado , Lata Williams , De Paula Morales Kevin , Valdivieso Lenny Borja , Pin Gabriela Ottoni , Torres Leal Tatiana
Published: January 2025

We present the case of a woman admitted for an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Emergency catheterization was conducted, revealing diffuse lesions affecting 70% of the anterior descending artery from the mid to the distal third but with ventriculography compatible with Takotsubo syndrome. Two magnetic resonances were performed 90 days apart, confirming the unusual coexistence of Takotsubo syndrome and transmural infarction in the same event.
Impact of gingival pigmentation on laypersons’ perception of smile aesthetics: an observational study
Authors: Raj Preethi , Nagesh Shweta , Boyapati Ramanarayana
Published: January 2025

Aim: The study aims to assess laypersons’ perceptions of smile aesthetics before and after gingival depigmentation and to correlate these perceptions with the degree of gingival pigmentation.
Methods: The retrospective observational study examined individuals who received gingival depigmentation following orthodontic treatment between 2019 and 2024. Fifteen records were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pre- and post-depigmentation frontal smile photos were standardized, included into a Google Form, and distributed to 40 laypeople for the assessment of smile aesthetics. The laypeople evaluated the attractiveness of smiles using a 10-point Likert scale. Experienced periodontists classified the gingival pigmentation utilizing the oral pigmentation index (OPI). The differences between the pre- and post-treatment OPI scores and smile esthetic scores were assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the association between smile scores and OPI scores. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the smile ratings and OPI scores. The statistical significance was established at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The average OPI scores before depigmentation were 2.67 ± 0.49; however, following depigmentation, the scores significantly declined to an average of 0.33 ± 0.5 (p < 0.001). The mean smile aesthetic score pre-depigmentation was 6.72 ± 0.32, whereas after depigmentation the scores significantly improved to 7.91 ± 0.18 (p = 0.001). Spearman correlation indicated a statistically significant negative association between smile aesthetics scores and OPI scores (r = –0.76). ICC indicated excellent inter-rater reliability for the OPI (0.923) and good reliability for smile esthetic scores (0.756).
Conclusions: The study found that gingival de-pigmentation procedures improve the OPI scores and laypeople perceive gingival hyperpigmentation unattractive. While gingival depigmentation is not mandatory, it may be recommended for individuals seeking cosmetic smile enhancements post-orthodontic therapy to improve the overall patient satisfaction.
Children's oral health and parents’ education status in Benghazi, Libya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: M Huew Rasmia , B Alaskandrani Rogaia , B Farag Almuetasim , M Khalid Munya
Published: January 2025

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the impact of parents’ education on the promotion of child dental care.
Methods: Data were collected via a questionnaire survey among parents who brought their children to the Pediatric Dental Department of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. The data were logged and analyzed using IBM-SPSS for Windows version 29.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Frequencies and percentages were measured to assess the influence of parental education on the dental knowledge of their children’s oral care. 
Results: More than two-thirds (69.2%) of parents sought dental care for their children when they expressed pain. More than half of parents (59%) reported the importance of deciduous teeth and its impact on successor teeth. Only 16% started brushing when the first primary tooth erupted, and 40% of their children brushed at least twice a day. In addition, only 39% of parents knew the correct time of the first permanent molar eruption. The frequency of parents who reported the correct total number of primary teeth, preferred treatment of primary teeth rather than extraction and asked their children to brush once daily increased with increasing the parents' education levels.
Conclusion: The present study displayed that a high parents’ educational level does not directly subscribe to good oral health care for their children. The parents need further attention by presenting more programs dealing with dental health which will be useful in improving their children’s oral health.
The Most Promising Alternative to Mercury-containing Dental Restorations
Authors: Albeshti Rawan
Published: January 2025

The European Union Environmental Commission report and the United Nation Minamata Convention have legislated for phasing-out of mercury-containing dental materials use (dental amalgams) by 2030.1, 2 Several Scandinavian countries have already banned the use of dental amalgams, and this ban is expected to grow to other countries worldwide.2, 3 This creates a market gap for materials which can be used as an alternative to dental amalgams.4 Varieties of mercury-free dental materials have been clinically approved as posterior restorations; such as (1) resin-based composite materials, and (2) glass-based materials, including glass ionomers and glass hybrids. Using these types of dental materials will decrease the mercury’s risks on human’s health and also contribute significantly in the reduction of the environmental mercury pollution.5, 6
Recently, several clinical approaches to treat dental caries lesions have shifted the focus to preserving tooth structure and use of adhesive materials. Considering this, Minimally Intervention Dentistry (MID) has become a crucial concept which includes three aspects to fulfil the requirement of preventive and restorative dentistry; these are early caries diagnosis, enhance remineralisation and minimal cutting of tooth surfaces.7, 8 This approach is identified as an Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). The ART technique was adopted in 1994 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as an alternative technique for dental caries management in the developed countries either for treating deciduous and/or permanent dentitions.9 The high viscous glass ionomer cement (GIC) is approved as an ideal candidate material to be used with ART technique; such as GC Fuji IX®, KetacTM Molar and Glass Carbomer®.10, 11
One of the main advances in dental materials field is based on the modifications of the GIC chemical compositions, by introducing a bioactive glass in different particle sizes (for promoting remineralising ability) and/or using a highly molecular weight of poly-
 
 
acrylic acid (for enhancing matrix strength).12 When bioactive glass-containing dental materials come into contact with body fluid, will undergo to a sequence of bioactivity reactions; which is summarised into (1) ion exchange, (2) dissolution and (3) precipitation stages, leading to formation of apatite crystals in fractions identical to those of the natural bone and tooth components.13 Formation of apatite crystals [hydroxyapatite-Ca10(PO4)6OH2 or fluorapatite-Ca10(PO4)6F2] in the bioactive glass-containing GICs occurs via delivering of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43), hydroxyl (OH-) and/or fluoride (F-) species at the interfaces between the GIC/tooth surfaces and/or the GIC/oral environment.14 For this reason, the bioactive glass-containing GICs are considered as the most promising alternative restorative materials for posterior cavities.
An outclassing Multi-objective Hybrid Genetic-based Discrete PSO for Solving the PECT Problem
Authors: Lohpetch Dome
Published: January 2025

The Post Enrolment based Course Timetabling (PECT) Problem belongs to, one of the classical problems, the timetabling problems, and it is a part of the most real-life problems that come with multiple constraints of nature. Such a problem is investigated together with both hard and soft constraints, and the solution is an optimal timetable satisfying both constraints as far as possible which reflects the quality of the solution. As a result, there are many approaches to solving the PECT Problem. However most approaches rely upon both the determination of parameters or understanding of domain knowledge. In this research, the Genetic-based Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been developed with two different local search approaches: Local Search and Tabu Search to solve multi-objective functions and get good solutions by improving the performance of searching solution, which has few parameters to be tuned, and it can outperform all related algorithms from the published work.
Kewarganegaraan dan Identitas
Authors: Putri Desi Riani Dwi , Rahmawati Noer Bunka
Published: January 2025

Citizenship and identity are two concepts that are interrelated but differ in their definition, role and influence on individuals and society. Citizenship gives a person legal status as an official member of a country, which is accompanied by legally enforceable rights and obligations. Meanwhile, identity is a more personal aspect, including factors such as culture, ethnicity, religion and language that shape an individual's identity. Citizenship and identity are two concepts that are closely related to each other in the context of modern state life. Both form an important foundation in understanding the relationship between the individual and the state and a person's position in society. The concept of citizenship not only includes legal-formal aspects, but also involves complex social, cultural and political dimensions. In the era of globalization, understanding of citizenship and identity is undergoing significant transformation. Increasing global mobility, cross-border migration, and developments in information technology have created more fluid and multilayered forms of identity. This challenges the traditional concept of citizenship which was previously limited to territorial ties and a single nationality. A more inclusive and adaptive approach is needed in understanding and managing the dynamics of citizenship and identity to create a more democratic and just society.
Staff and Patient Experiences of a Sensory Room in a Female Acute Inpatient Mental Health Setting: A Qualitative Service Evaluation
Authors: Guttridge Lydia , Jenkins Alexandra , Sunny Blaney Peter , Bifarin Oladayo , Sheffield Melissa , Kapoor Aparna
Published: January 2025

Sensory modulation interventions have proven effective for supporting individuals with mental health difficulties to develop self-regulation skills. Sensory rooms, therapeutic spaces containing equipment to promote sensory modulation, are used to manage distressed behaviours including violence, aggression and self-harm. There is a high prevalence of the former in acute inpatient mental health populations which are often managed with restrictive practices including chemical and/or physical intervention and seclusion. The evidence base for the positive impact of sensory modulation interventions on emotional wellbeing is promising and therefore, this study aimed to build upon previous literature by evaluating the use of a sensory room in a female acute inpatient mental health setting from staff and patient perspectives using a qualitative design. Data were collected from 20 participants (11 staff and 9 patients). Participants completed a self-reported open-ended questionnaire exploring their experiences of using the sensory room, equipment used, barriers and facilitators to access, and implications for restrictive practices. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and the main themes that emerged were: Sensory Rooms for Safe, Calming, and Therapeutic Patient Spaces, Compassionate Sensory Interventions and Addressing Barriers and Facilitators to Sensory Room Access. The sensory room has been positively received by both staff and patients, providing a calming space that supports emotional regulation and de-escalation. However, to fully optimise its use, accessibility must be addressed, and further research is required.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-fluorobenzofurans with arylboronic acids via aromatic C–F bond activation
Authors: Fujita Takeshi , Yabuki Haruna , Morioka Ryutaro , Fuchibe Kohei , Ichikawa Junji
Published: January 2025

2-Fluorobenzofurans underwent efficient nickel-catalyzed coupling with arylboronic acids through the activation of aromatic C–F bonds. This method allowed us to successfully synthesize a range of 2-arylbenzofurans with various substituents. The reaction, which proceeded under mild conditions, involved β-fluorine elimination from nickelacyclopropanes formed by the interaction of 2-fluorobenzofurans with zero-valent nickel species. This protocol facilitates orthogonal coupling reactions of aromatic C–F and C–Br bonds with arylboronic acids.
La responsabilidad de la persona jurídica - por el hecho de su dependiente - contrato incumplimiento imputable al deudor: cuantificación de la obligación por equivalente
Authors: Eslava Gabriela Lorena , Etienot María Ernestina
Published: January 2025

This paper begins with the concept of "obligation" (Art. 724 of the Argentine Civil and Commercial Code, CCCN) to analyze a debtor's attributable breach that gives rise to the option of "enforcement by equivalent" (Arts. 730(c) and 777(c) of the CCCN). Taking a stance that this situation constitutes a modification of the obligation, wherein the object shifts from the original (non-monetary) performance to a monetary payment (id quod interest), we then turn to determining that monetary value (aestimatio rei). At least five possible points for this valuation are identified: a) the time of attributable breach; b) the filing of the claim; c) notification of the claim; d) establishment of the case; e) time of expert assessment or pertinent evidentiary act. We lean towards the latter option, as it aligns with objective criteria and joint  participation, ensuring the process’s bilateral nature, the right to defense, and, consequently, effective protection of the rights involved.
La solidaridad post mortem a favor del conviviente
Authors: Villagra de Vidal Raquel
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the principle of family solidarity in the context of succession law, emphasizing its relevance to cohabiting partners. It argues that the constitutional mandate for comprehensive family protection should extend to cohabitants by recognizing them as legitimate heirs. The exclusion of cohabitants from inheritance rights is criticized, despite the reciprocal duties of assistance imposed by the Argentine Civil and Commercial Code. The proposal calls for legitimate succession rights, prioritizing registered cohabitants over the state's claim, as a measure of social justice to safeguard the family's economic stability after the death of a member.
Contrato, principios y mutuo en el derecho romano y su influencia en el CCCN
Authors: Arraigada Fabio Isaac
Published: January 2025

On the one hand, we wanted to approach the clarification of the doubts raised about Gayo' classification of contracts and the generic concept that separates it from conventions. On this basis, it is essential to make a brief reference to the treatment of the principles of Roman law, due to the influence they have had on the drafting of the CCCN, especially in the criteria of interpretation of the will or intention of the contracting parties, which must be valued and respected.Finally, we shall see how the mutual departs from the classification of a real contract, drawing on the treatment of the so-called “obligatory business”. With respect to which the CCCN provides us with an adequate legal development, with the concrete and particularized analysis of each species of these “loans”, which, due to their specificity, have their own operation.