bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal histopathologic models stratify hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Boehm Kevin M. , El Nahhas Omar S. M. , Marra Antonio , Selenica Pier , Wen Hannah Y. , Weigelt Britta , Paul Evan D. , Cekan Pavol , Erber Ramona , Loeffler Chiara M. L. , Guerini-Rocco Elena , Fusco Nicola , Frascarelli Chiara , Mane Eltjona , Munzone Elisabetta , Dellapasqua Silvia , Zagami Paola , Curigliano Giuseppe , Razavi Pedram , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Pareja Fresia , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Shah Sohrab P. , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: February 2024

For patients with hormone receptor-positive, early breast cancer withoutHER2amplification, multigene expression assays including Oncotype DX ® recurrence score (RS) have been clinically validated to identify patients who stand to derive added benefit from adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, cost and turnaround time have limited its global adoption despite recommendation by practice guidelines. We investigated if routinely available hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained pathology slides could act as a surrogate triaging data substrate by predicting RS using machine learning methods. We trained and validated a multimodal transformer model, Orpheus, using 6,203 patients across three independent cohorts, taking both H&E images and their corresponding synoptic text reports as input. We showed accurate inference of recurrence score from whole-slide images (r = 0.63 (95% C.I. 0.58 - 0.68); n = 1,029), the raw text of their corresponding reports (r = 0.58 (95% C.I. 0.51 - 0.64); n = 972), and their combination (r = 0.68 (95% C.I. 0.64 - 0.73); n = 964) as measured by Pearson’s correlation. To predict high-risk disease (RS>25), our model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.89 (95% C.I. 0.83 - 0.94), and area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.64 (95% C.I. 0.60 - 0.82), compared to 0.49 (95% C.I. 0.36 - 0.64) for an existing nomogram based on clinical and pathologic features. Moreover, our model generalizes well to external international cohorts, effectively identifying recurrence risk (r = 0.61,p< 10-4, n = 452; r = 0.60,p< 10-4, n = 575) and high-risk status (AUROC = 0.80,p< 10-4, AUPRC = 0.68,p< 10-4, n = 452; AUROC = 0.83,p< 10-4, AUPRC = 0.73,p< 10-4, n = 575) from whole-slide images. Probing the biologic underpinnings of the model decisions uncovered tumor cell size heterogeneity, immune cell infiltration, a proliferative transcription program, and stromal fraction as correlates of higher-risk predictions. We conclude that at an operating point of 94.4% precision and 33.3% recall, this model could help increase global adoption and shorten lag between resection and adjuvant therapy.
Schlafen-11 and -9 are innate immune sensors for intracellular single-stranded DNA
Authors: Zhang Peng , Hu Xiaoqing , Li Zekun , Liu Qian , Liu Lele , Jin Yingying , Liu Sizhe , Zhao Xiang , Wang Jianqiao , Hao Delong , Chen Houzao , Liu Depei
Published: February 2024

Nucleic acids are major structures detected by the innate immune system. Although intracellular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is accumulated during pathogen infection or pathogenesis, it remains unclear whether and how intracellular ssDNA stimulates the immune system. We report that intracellular ssDNA triggers cytokine expression and cell death in a CGT motif-dependent manner. Through a genome-wide CRISPRLCas9 screen, we identified Schlafen-11 (SLFN11), which is essential for the response to endogenous and pathogen ssDNA. SLFN11 directly binds ssDNA containing CGT motifs and translocates to the cytoplasm upon ssDNA recognition. The mice deficient in SLFN9, the homologue of SLFN11, were resistant to CGT ssDNA-induced inflammation, acute hepatitis and septic shock. This study establishes CGT ssDNA and SLFN11/9 as a novel type of immunostimulatory nucleic acids and pattern recognition receptors, respectively.

One-sentence summaries

single-stranded DNA inside cells can awaken Schlafens with a CGT motif to trigger cytokine expression and lytic cell death.
Clinical scenario related to cardiovascular system: is it possible to develop thoracic pain imitating a musculoskeletal disorder? A scoping review
Authors: De Meo Nicola , Poselek David , Margelli Michele , Segat Andrea , Zaninetti Martina , Segat Marco , Minetti Federico , Galeoto Giovanni , Maselli Filippo , Fascia Matteo
Published: February 2024

Background

When assessing a patient presenting with thoracic pain it’s important for the physiotherapist to quickly understand if the cause is a musculoskeletal condition or a dysfunction of the cardiovascular and circulatory system. Promptly referring the patient is essential to identify potentially life-threatening conditions at an early stage.

Objectives

Identifying the current state of knowledge regarding cardiovascular and circulatory systems conditions that generate a thoracic pain that resembles a musculoskeletal condition.

Study Design

Scoping review

Eligibility criteria

This review will incorporate studies encompassing any research design. Inclusion is limited to articles written in either English or Italian language. Our population of interest specifically includes patients experiencing thoracic pain, with no restrictions regarding age and gender, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the condition’s impact across different demographics. The concept under investigation is the manifestation of symptoms in the thoracic region, which are attributed to cardiovascular disorders or dysfunctions. It is critical to our scope that we delineate the context by intentionally omitting studies set in emergency contexts. This exclusion criterion allows the review to narrow its focus on the tools employed in making differential diagnoses without relying on instrumental examinations, thus aiming to elucidate diagnostic strategies applicable in a non-emergent setting.

Results

Conclusions
Stimulation of saliva affects the release of aroma in wine; a study of microbiota, biochemistry and participant origin
Authors: Ruan Xinwei , Chen Yipeng , Chauhan Aafreen , Howell Kate S.
Published: February 2024

Saliva influences the release of aroma in the oral cavity. The composition of human saliva varies depending on stimulation and host’s origin; however, the compositional differences of saliva and their influences on aroma release have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we recruited 30 healthy adults (15 Australians and 15 Chinese) and collected saliva samples at three stages: before, during, and after stimulation. Salivary samples were characterised by flow rate, total protein concentration, esterase activity, microbiome composition by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the ability to release aroma from wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Differences in salivary composition and specific wine volatiles were found between Australian and Chinese participants, and amongst the three stimulation stages. Significant correlations between the relative abundance of 3 bacterial species and 10 wine volatiles were observed. Our results confirm the influence of participant’s geographic origin and stimulation on salivary composition, highlighting the role of salivary components, especially salivary bacteria, on the release of aroma from wine.
Bioactive coatings on 3D printed scaffolds for bone regeneration: Use of Laponite®to deliver BMP-2 in an ovine femoral condyle defect model
Authors: Marshall Karen M. , McLaren Jane S. , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Callens Sebastien J. P. , Echalier Cécile , Kanczler Janos M. , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Stevens Molly M. , Dawson Jonathan I. , Oreffo Richard O.C.
Published: February 2024

Biomaterial-based approaches for bone regeneration seek to explore alternative strategies to repair non-healing fractures and critical-sized bone defects. Fracture non-union occurs due to a number of factors resulting in the formation of bone defects. Rigorous evaluation of the biomaterials in relevant models and assessment of their potential to translate towards clinical use is vital. Large animal experimentation can be used to model fracture non-union while scaling-up materials for clinical use. Growth factors modulate cell phenotype, behaviour and initiate signalling pathways leading to changes in matrix deposition and tissue formation. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteogenic growth factor, with a rapid clearance timein vivonecessitating clinical use at a high dose, with potential deleterious side-effects. The current studies have examined the potential for Laponite®nanoclay coated poly(caprolactone) trimethacrylate (PCL-TMA900) scaffolds to bind BMP-2 for enhanced osteoinduction in a large animal critical-sized bone defect. An ovine femoral condyle defect model confirmed PCL-TMA900 scaffolds coated with Laponite®/BMP-2 produced significant bone formation compared to the uncoated PCL-TMA 900 scaffoldin vivo, assessed by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histology. This indicated the ability of Laponite®to deliver the bioactive BMP-2 on the PCL-TMA900 scaffold. Bone formed around the Laponite®/BMP-2 coated PCL-TMA900 scaffold, with no erroneous bone formation observed away from the scaffold material confirming localisation of BMP-2 delivery. The current studies demonstrate the ability of a nanoclay to localise and deliver bioactive BMP-2 within a tailored octet-truss scaffold for efficacious bone defect repair in a large animal model with significant implications for translation to the clinic.
Single cell sequencing reveals cellular landscape alterations in the airway mucosa of patients with pulmonary long COVID
Authors: Gerayeli Firoozeh V. , Park Hye Yun , Milne Stephen , Li Xuan , Yang Chen Xi , Tuong Josie , Eddy Rachel L , Guinto Elizabeth , Cheung Chung Y , Yang Julia SW , Gilchrist Cassie , Abbas Dina , Stach Tara , Leung Clarus , Shaipanich Tawimas , Leipsic Jonathan , Koelwyn Graeme , Leung Janice M. , Sin Don D.
Published: February 2024

To elucidate the important cellular and molecular drivers of pulmonary long COVID, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic map of the airway mucosa using bronchial brushings from patients with long COVID who reported persistent pulmonary symptoms.

Adults with and without long COVID were recruited from the general community in greater Vancouver, Canada. The cohort was divided into those with pulmonary long COVID (PLC), which was defined as persons with new or worsening respiratory symptoms following at least one year from their initial acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (N=9); and control subjects defined as SARS-CoV-2 infected persons whose acute respiratory symptoms had fully resolved or individuals who had not experienced acute COVID-19 (N=9). These participants underwent bronchoscopy from which a single cell suspension was created from bronchial brush samples and then sequenced.

A total of 56,906 cells were recovered for the downstream analysis, with 34,840 cells belonging to the PLC group. A dimensionality reduction plot shows a unique cluster of neutrophils in the PLC group (p<.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that neutrophil degranulation pathway was enriched across epithelial cells. Differential gene expression analysis between the PLC and control groups demonstrated upregulation of mucin genes in secretory cell clusters.

A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the small airways shows that the PLC airways harbors a dominant neutrophil cluster and an upregulation in the neutrophil-associated activation signature with increased expression of MUC genes in the secretory cells. Together, they suggest that pulmonary symptoms of long COVID may be driven by chronic small airway inflammation.

Take home message

Single cell profiling shows the infiltration of neutrophils with upregulation of mucin genes in the airway mucosa of patients with pulmonary long COVID, indicating persistent small airway inflammation in pulmonary long COVID.
Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) represses MRTF-SRF-dependent gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Khudayberdiev Sharof , Weiss Kerstin , Heinze Anika , Colombaretti Dalila , Trausch Nathan , Linne Uwe , Rust Marco B.
Published: February 2024

Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor essential for brain development and function. SRF activity is controlled by two competing classes of coactivators, myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF) and ternary complex factors (TCF), which introduce specificity into gene expression programs. To date, only few brain studies investigated upstream regulatory mechanisms, which mainly focused on TCF. Since an inhibitory function of monomeric actin towards MRTF-SRF signaling is well-established, we hypothesized a regulatory role for the key actin regulator ADF/cofilin. Surprisingly, ADF/cofilin was largely dispensable for neuronal MRTF-SRF activity. Instead, reporter assays combined with pharmacological and genetic approaches in isolated mouse neurons identified cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as an important regulator of this pathway. CAP1 promotes cytosolic MRTF retention and represses neuronal MRTF-SRF signaling via an actin-dependent mechanism that requires two specific protein domains. Further, deep RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry in mutant mice proved CAP1's in vivo relevance for this pathway in the cerebral cortex, and led to the identification of neuronal MRTF-SRF target genes. Together, we identified CAP1 as a novel and crucial repressor of neuronal MRTF-SRF signaling.
Interventions that help to improve spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting by patients: a protocol of a scoping review
Authors: Martinelli Romina P , Papazian M Gabriela
Published: February 2024

When a new medical product is released to the market, a continuous pharmacovigilance process is initiated to guarantee patient safety by collecting and analyzing adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports. These ADRs are noxious and unintended responses to a medicine and are collected and analyzed in databases like EudraVigilance to determine safety profiles of the products and signal detection. The spontaneous reporting of suspected ADR could be performed by both health care workers and patients/consumers. However, the under-reporting is well known. Different initiatives have been developed to encourage reporting by health professionals, however, further work is required to support patients in taking a more active role in reporting adverse drug reactions. In this context, we will conduct a Scoping Review of the literature to inquire about what is known about actions or strategies to improve pharmacovigilance engagement by patients. We will conduct searches in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Latindex, DOAJ, CINAHL, LILACS, IAM, IMEMR, IMSEAR, WPRO, and Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers will screen all identified records for relevance. Conflicts between reviewers will be solved by consensus. We will chart the data using data-charting forms. Findings will be reported according to PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). No quality assessment will be performed.
Integrative genomics sheds light on the immunobiology of tuberculosis in cattle
Authors: O’Grady John F. , McHugo Gillian P. , Ward James A. , Hall Thomas J. , Faherty O’Donnell Sarah L. , Correia Carolina N. , Browne John A. , McDonald Michael , Gormley Eamonn , Riggio Valentina , Prendergast James G. D. , Clark Emily L. , Pausch Hubert , Meade Kieran G. , Gormley Isobel C. , Gordon Stephen V. , MacHugh David E.
Published: February 2024

Mycobacterium boviscauses bovine tuberculosis (bTB), an infectious disease of cattle that poses a zoonotic threat to humans. Research has shown that bTB susceptibility is a heritable trait, and that the peripheral blood (PB) transcriptome is perturbed during bTB disease. Hitherto, no study has integrated PB transcriptomic, genomic and GWAS data to study bTB disease, and little is known about the genomic architecture underpinning the PB transcriptional response toM. bovisinfection. Here, we perform transcriptome profiling of PB from 63 control and 60 confirmedM. bovisinfected animals and detect 2,592 differently expressed genes that perturb multiple immune response pathways. Leveraging imputed genome-wide SNP data, we characterise thousands ofcis- andtrans-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and show that the PB transcriptome is substantially impacted by intrapopulation genomic variation. We integrate our gene expression data with summary statistics from multiple GWAS data sets for bTB susceptibility and perform the first transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) in the context of tuberculosis disease. From this TWAS, we identify 136 functionally relevant genes (includingRGS10,GBP4,TREML2, andRELT) and provide important new omics data for understanding the host response to mycobacterial infections that cause tuberculosis in mammals.
Identification of Thioredoxin1 interacting proteins in neuronal cytoskeletal organization during autophagy
Authors: Islam Md Imamul , Sultana Shakila , Padmanabhan Nirmala , Rashid Mahmud-ur , Siddiqui Tabrez , Coombs Kevin , Vitiello Peter F. , Karimi-Abdolrezaee Soheila , Eftekharpour Eftekhar
Published: February 2024

Thioredoxin1 (Trx1) is a major cytoplasmic thiol oxidoreductase protein involved in redox signaling. This function is rendered by a rapid electron transfer reaction during which Trx1 reduces its substrate and itself becomes oxidized. In this reaction, Trx1 forms a transient disulfide bond with the substrate which is unstable and therefore identification of Trx1 substrates is technically challenging. This process maintains the cellular proteins in a balanced redox state and ensures cellular homeostasis. Trx1 levels are reduced in some neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, understanding the interactions between Trx1 and its substrates in neurons could have significant therapeutic implications. We utilized a transgenic mouse model expressing a Flag-tagged mutant form of Trx1 that can form stable disulfide bonds with its substrates allowing identification of the Trx1 interacting proteins. The involvement of Trx1 has been suggested in autophagy, we aimed to investigate Trx1 substrate after pharmacologic induction of autophagy in primary hippocampal neurons. Treatment of primary neurons by rapamycin, a standard autophagy inducer, caused significant reduction of neurite outgrowth and alterations in the cytoskeleton. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we have identified 77 Trx1 interacting proteins which were associated with a wide range of cellular functions including a major impact on cytoskeletal organization. The results were confirmed in Trx1 knocked-down cells and in nucleofected primary neurons. Our study suggests a novel role for Trx1 in regulation of neuronal cytoskeleton organization, marking the first investigation of Trx1-interacting proteins in primary neurons and confirming the multifaceted role of Trx1 in physiological and pathological states.
CapP mediates the structural formation of biofilm-specific pili in the opportunistic human pathogenBacillus cereus
Authors: Álvarez-Mena Ana , Shukkoor Muhammed Bilal Abdul , Caro-Astorga Joaquín , Berbon Melanie , Antequera-Gómez María Luisa , Grélard Axelle , Kauffmann Brice , Morvan Estelle , de Vicente Antonio , Habenstein Birgit , Loquet Antoine , Romero Diego
Published: February 2024

Polymeric proteinaceous filaments are structural scaffolds that diversify the functionality of the bacterial extracellular matrix. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized bacterial factor calledbc1280that is exclusive toB. cereusgroup and indispensable for the establishment of a biofilm lifestyle. We propose that BC1280 is an essential chaperone for the assembly of the filamentous platform that tightly controls the polymerization of heteropili containing CalY and TasA as major subunits in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, BC1280 modulates the expression of EPS via an uncharacterized pathway that is activated by a protease and an ECF-type sigma factor. The pilus biogenesis system described in this work highlights the complexity of extracellular matrix assembly inB. cereusand introduces a singular three-part structuration mechanism during biofilm formation and maturation.

Graphical abstract

During the process of biofilm formation inB. cereus, TasA, CapP, and CalY serve as the main components, in addition to other factors, ensuring that the extracellular matrix correctly assembles. The three proteins are produced and processed by the signal peptidase SipW and subsequently secreted through the Sec pathway in an unfolded conformation. At early biofilm formation stages, CapP is initially present at low levels, associates with the cell wall and is secreted into the ECM where it interacts with unfolded subunits of CalY, facilitating CalY folding and initiating fibril growth. CalY serves as a nucleator for incorporating TasA subunits into the pilus, forming TasA-CalY heteropolymers. Once the ECM scaffold is established, CapP levels increase, forming stable complexes with CalY that prevent its folding and arrest filament growth.
Triangle and box diagrams in coupled-channel systems from the chiral Lagrangian
Authors: Isken Tobias , Guo Xiao-Yu , Heo Yonggoo , Korpa Csaba L. , Lutz Matthias F. M.
Published: February 2024

We perform an analysis of triangle- and box-loop contributions to the generalized potential in the scattering of Goldstone bosons off the JP=0− and 1− charmed mesons. Particular emphasis is put on the use of on-shell mass parameters in such contributions in terms of a renormalization scheme that ensures the absence of power-counting violating terms. This is achieved with a systematically extended set of Passarino-Veltman basis functions that leads to manifest power-counting conserving one-loop expressions and avoids the occurrence of superficial kinematical singularities. Compact expressions to chiral order three and four are presented that are particularly useful in coding such coupled-channel systems. Our formal results are generic and prepare analogous computations for other systems, like meson-baryon scattering from the chiral Lagrangian.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure of 1-{4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl}ethene-1,2,2-tricarbonitrile
Authors: Bader Mamoun M. , Pham Phuong-Truc
Published: February 2024

The title compound, C25H18N4, crystallizes in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pbca, with eight molecules in the unit cell. The main feature noticeable in the structure is the impact of the tricyanovinyl (TCV) group in forcing partial planarity of the portion of the molecule carrying the TCV group and directing the molecular packing in the solid state, resulting in the formation of π-stacks of dimers within the unit cell. Short π–π stack closest atom-to-atom distances of 3.444 (15) Å are observed. Such motif patterns are favorable as they are thought to be conducive for better charge transport in organic semiconductors, which results in enhanced device performance. Intramolecular charge transfer is evident from the shortening in the observed experimental bond lengths. The nitrogen atoms (of the cyano groups) are involved in extensive short contacts, primarily through C—H...NC interactions with distances of 2.637 (17) Å.
Unveiling the coopetition pathway: the stakeholder influence in the specialty coffee market
Authors: Duarte Rodrigo Natal , Guimarães Elisa Reis , do Valle Maurício Ribeiro , Galina Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to understand coopetition in the context of Brazilian specialty coffee grower Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), based on the need to differentiate the beans in and outside the farm level, taking into account the stakeholders’ influence.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study twenty semistructured interviews were carried out with coffee growers and managers of cooperatives, associations and supporting institutions involving two Brazilian coffee geographical indications. Data were analyzed using a mixed grid composed of qualitative, semantic and categorical factors.

Findings

Strategic moves undertaken by coffee growers and stakeholders have shaped the pathway of coopetition among coffee growers, as determinants to frame it as a deliberate or emergent pattern (intentional or unplanned, respectively). Our findings provide evidence that coopetition development among firms is deliberate when influenced by firms’ or stakeholders’ cooperative moves and emergent when influenced by firms’ or stakeholders’ competitive moves.

Originality/value

Although the firm/stakeholder relationship is often approached as a joint wealth creation effort, stakes are not always fairly distributed, so one of the parties may be negatively affected, with consequences for the development of coopetition. Underpinned by a stakeholder-oriented resource-based theoretical lens, this investigation of the development patterns of coopetition linked to the strategic actions undertaken by firms and stakeholders has resonance on competitive advantages.
An assessment of critical success factors in information security implementation in organizations in Ghana
Authors: Nterful Joshua , Adam Ibrahim Osman , Alhassan Muftawu Dzang , Abdul-Salam Abdallah , Gbambegu Umar Abubakar
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the critical success factors in improving information security in Ghanaian firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Through an exploratory study of both public and private Ghanaian organizations. The study relied on a research model based on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework and a survey instrument to collect data from 525 employees. The data was analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings confirm the role of the technological, organizational and environmental contexts as significant determinants in the implementation of information security in Ghanaian organizations. Results from PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the technology component of information security initiative, organization’s internal efforts toward its acceptance and a successful implementation of information security in Ghanaian firms. Top management support and fund allocation among others will result in positive information security initiatives and positive attitudes toward securing the organization’s information assets.

Research limitations/implications

The authors discussed the implications of the authors’ findings for research, practice and policy.

Social implications

The results of this study will be useful for both governmental and non-governmental organizations in terms of best practices for increasing information security. Results from this study will aid organizations in developing countries to better understand their information security needs and identify the necessary procedures to address them.

Originality/value

This study contributes to filling the knowledge gap in organizational information security research and the TOE framework. Despite the TOE framework being one of the most influential theories in contemporary research of information system domains in an organizational context, there is not enough research linking the domains of information security and the TOE model.
Sustainability teaching in higher education: assessing arts and design faculty perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Kang Mihyun , Cholakis-Kolysko Katherine , Dehghan Negar
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions and attitudes of arts and design faculty on teaching sustainability in higher education institutions in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

Arts and design faculty from nine universities in the USA were approached for the study, using both closed and open-ended questions in a survey instrument. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the collected data.

Findings

Results related to arts and design faculty’s perception of sustainability showed high confidence in teaching sustainability but lower confidence in inspiring students to take action on sustainability issues. Faculty also perceived time, resources, knowledge and support as barriers to the integration of the topic into the curriculum. This study revealed that the faculty’s attitude toward sustainability demonstrated their recognition that sustainability should be at the core of their discipline and that they support its integration into courses.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to arts and design faculty in higher education institutions in the USA. The results may not be generalizable to other fields or locations. In addition, the use of self-reported data may be subject to bias.

Practical implications

The findings of this study can inform the development of curriculum and pedagogy in arts and design sustainability education. It can also guide institutions in addressing the challenges and barriers related to incorporating sustainability into their curriculum.

Social implications

Prioritizing sustainability education is crucial in addressing global climate change and related issues. Art and design educators’ perspectives on teaching sustainability can contribute to constructing a sustainable future for everyone.

Originality/value

This study provides insight into the perception and attitude of sustainability among arts and design faculty in higher education in the USA and highlights areas for improvement such as training and resources to better integrate sustainability into the curriculum.
Entrepreneurship in times of economic stress: unraveling the U-shaped relationship between the internality of causal attributions and growth
Authors: Monteiro Guilherme Fowler A. , Artes Rinaldo
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurs' internality of causal attributions and firm growth during an economic crisis. We propose a U-shaped relationship between the two variables, arguing that the highest-growth entrepreneurs are those with either the highest or lowest levels of internal attribution (IA) during such periods.

Design/methodology/approach

To test our hypothesis, we analyze a database of 804 interviews with entrepreneurs in Brazil during a period of economic stress. Due to the existence of endogeneity, we estimate a model of simultaneous equations in two stages.

Findings

We find evidence of a U-shaped relationship. This means that during economic stress, the fastest-growing entrepreneurs are those who rely more on their own effort (high IA) and those who attribute their success to the economic crisis (low IA).

Practical implications

Tailoring interventions based on attribution patterns and recognizing the U-shaped relationship ensures effective support during economic stress. Entrepreneurial support programs should align with internality levels, emphasizing external awareness or skill development accordingly. Policymakers should take attributions into account when promoting financial resilience. Entrepreneurs would benefit from awareness programs on attributions for reflective decision-making. Ecosystems should foster collaboration by recognizing diverse attributions, enhancing a collective understanding of entrepreneurial responses in crises.

Originality/value

Our results have important implications for understanding the role of entrepreneurs in economic crises. Our results are relevant because they challenge the usual claim that entrepreneurs with high IA are the ones who perform better in situations where external economic conditions are adverse.
The role of digital literacy and digital data security awareness in online privacy concerns: a multi-group analysis with gender
Authors: Saritepeci Mustafa , Yildiz Durak Hatice , Özüdoğru Gül , Atman Uslu Nilüfer
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Online privacy pertains to an individual’s capacity to regulate and oversee the gathering and distribution of online information. Conversely, online privacy concern (OPC) pertains to the protection of personal information, along with the worries or convictions concerning potential risks and unfavorable outcomes associated with its collection, utilization and distribution. With a holistic approach to these relationships, this study aims to model the relationships between digital literacy (DL), digital data security awareness (DDSA) and OPC and how these relationships vary by gender.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants of this study are 2,835 university students. Data collection tools in the study consist of personal information form and three different scales. Partial least squares (PLS), structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA) were used to test the framework determined in the context of the research purpose and to validate the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

DL has a direct and positive effect on digital data security awareness (DDSA), and DDSA has a positive effect on OPC. According to the MGA results, the hypothesis put forward in both male and female sub-samples was supported. The effect of DDSA on OPC is higher for males.

Originality/value

This study highlights the positive role of DL and perception of data security on OPC. In addition, MGA findings by gender reveal some differences between men and women.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-03-2023-0122
Building a community of practice through a doctoral research group
Authors: Heron Marion , Dippold Doris , Gravett Karen , Ahmad Adeeba , Aljabri Samaher , Abuorabi Al-Adwan Razan , Ghosh Priyanki , Kabooha Raniah , Makram Mohammad , Mousawa Dina , Mudhaffer Ayesha , Ucar Longford Beyza , Wang Lingyu , Zhou Junyi , Zhu Fengmei
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role an intentional and cohesive research group for doctoral researchers and supervisors can play in surfacing and de-mystifying many of the implicit doctoral literacy practices involved in doctoral study.

Design/methodology/approach

This participatory, collaborative project, involving 11 doctoral researchers and three supervisors, was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, doctoral researchers and supervisors engaged in a discussion which resulted in a shared concept map. The concept map was then used as a prompt for stimulated recall interviews in which the participants reflected on the connections and peer learning afforded by the research group.

Findings

Drawing on ideas from Communities of Practice theory, the data revealed that the research group, including both supervisors and doctoral students, developed knowledge, relational connections and an awareness of a range of doctoral literacies.

Practical implications

This paper makes suggestions for how those in doctoral education can develop and embed research groups into institutional practices.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the significant role a research group which is structured, intentional and guided plays in supervisors’ and doctoral students’ development of doctoral literacies and the fundamental intellectual and relational connections afforded by participating in such communities.
Digital Skills Mobilization within Incumbent Organizations: The Agentic Role of Digital Champions
Authors: D'angelo Stefano , Ghezzi Antonio , Cavallo Angelo
Published: February 2024

In a world increasingly influenced by digital technologies, incumbent organizations are urged to equip their employees with digital skills to unlock the transformative power of digitalization for their strategy and business model. Yet, extant research lacks guidance on how to mobilize and implement effective initiatives to develop digital skills in incumbents. Therefore, through an in‐depth case study of a utility company, this paper explores how an incumbent can mobilize its digital skills to embrace digital transformation. Based on the process perspective of resource mobilization, we shed light on the mechanisms for searching, accessing and transferring digital skills, namely: (i) unearthing dormant digital skills; (ii) awakening digital skill‐holders; and (iii) disseminating digital skills. In the investigation of these mechanisms, we uncover the agentic role of digital champions, who become an organizational capability for mobilizing digital skills in incumbents. We also document how digital technologies, as operant resources, can transversally support all stages of the mobilization of digital skills aimed at developing and leveraging digital skills in incumbents. In doing so, we explore the role of digitalization, both as the content of resource mobilization, in terms of digital skills, and as the means through which mobilization is enacted, in terms of digital assets and initiatives. Based on the findings of this study, we contribute to knowledge at the interface between digitalization and resource mobilization in the broader context of digital transformation.
The effect of the anti‐coagulant EDTA on the deposition and adhesion of whole blood deposits on non‐porous substrates
Authors: Hughes Deborah A. , van Oorschot Roland A. H. , Szkuta Bianca , Conlan Xavier A.
Published: February 2024

An investigation into whether the addition of a commonly used anti‐coagulant agent like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has an impact on the adhesion potential of blood to non‐porous substrates was conducted. Two non‐porous substrates (aluminum and polypropylene) exhibiting six different surface roughness categories (R1–R6) were used as test substrates upon which either whole blood or blood treated with EDTA was deposited. Samples were exposed to different drying periods (24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week) before undergoing a tapping agitation experiment in order to evaluate the adhesion to the surface. Clear differences in adhesion potential were observed between whole blood and blood treated with EDTA. Blood treated with EDTA displayed a stronger adhesion strength to aluminum after a drying time of 24 h pre‐agitation, while whole blood presented with a stronger adhesion strength at the drying time of 48 h and 1 week. Both EDTA‐treated and EDTA‐untreated blood was shown to dislodge less easily on polypropylene with the only difference observed on smooth surfaces (0.51–1.50 μm surface roughness). Thus, when conducting transfer studies using smooth hydrophobic substrates like polypropylene or considering the likelihood of transfer given specific case scenarios, differences in adhesion strength of blood due to hydrophobic substrate characteristics and a decreased surface area need to be considered. Overall, whole blood displayed a better adhesion strength to aluminum, emphasizing that indirect transfer probability experiments using EDTA blood on substrates like aluminum should take an increased dislodgment tendency into account in their transfer estimations.
Infectious and sepsis presentations to, and hospital admissions from emergency departments in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Flacks Nathaniel , Martin Catherine , Liew Danny , Walker Katie , Jones Daryl
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the frequency and outcomes of adult infectious and sepsis presentations to, and hospital admissions from, Emergency Departments (EDs) in Victoria, Australia.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study using the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. We included adults (age ≥ 18 years) presenting to an ED, or admitted to hospital from ED in Victoria between July 2017 and June 2018. One‐year mortality was analysed until June 2019 using the Victorian Death Index, and ICD‐10 coding was used to identify cases.

Results

Among 1.28 million ED presentations over 1 year, 12.00% and 0.45% were coded with infectious and sepsis diagnoses, respectively. Despite having lower triage categories, patients with infections were more likely to be admitted to hospital (50.4% vs 44.9%), but not directly to ICU (0.8%). Patients coded with sepsis were assigned higher triage categories and required hospital admission much more frequently (96.4% vs 44.9%), including to ICU (15.9% vs 0.8%). Patients presenting with infections and sepsis had increased risk of 1‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.44 and 4.13, respectively). Of the 648 280 hospital admissions from the ED, infection and sepsis were coded in 23.69% and 2.66%, respectively, and the adjusted odds ratio for 1‐year mortality were 1.64 and 4.79, respectively.

Conclusions

Infections and sepsis are common causes of presentation to, and admission from the ED in Victoria. Such patients experience higher mortality than non‐infectious patients, even after adjusting for age. There is a need to identify modifiable factors contributing to these outcomes.
Rainfall during the night can trigger non‐migratory take‐off behavior of the white‐backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Yang Haibo , Feng Yunlong , Zhu Pinhong , Li Dingxu , Hu Gao
Published: February 2024

Take‐off behavior is crucial to the overall success of insect migration. Although most high‐altitude migratory flights commence with mass take‐offs around dusk and dawn, little is known about nighttime take‐off behavior. The take‐off behavior of migratory Sogatella furcifera was investigated in field cages from 2017 to 2019. The species showed a bimodal take‐off pattern at dusk and dawn on rainless nights, with mass flight at dusk more intense than dawn flight. However, a higher frequency of take‐offs during the nighttime was observed on rainy nights, resulting in the absence of dawn take‐offs. Most migratory take‐off individuals at dusk and dawn landed on the cage top or the walls above 150 cm, while non‐migratory individuals that took off during the nighttime due to rainfall mainly landed on the cage walls below 150 cm. Furthermore, it has been observed that migratory take‐off individuals possess stronger sustained flight capabilities and exhibit more immature ovaries compared with non‐migratory take‐offs. These findings advance our understanding of the take‐off behavior of S. furcifera and thus provide a basis for the accurate prediction and management of the migratory dynamics of this pest.
Genetic variation in the triosephosphate isomerase gene of the fall armyworm and its distribution across China
Authors: Liang Xin‐Yue , Zhang Lei , Li Hong‐Ran , Niu Xiao‐Ping , Xiao Yu‐Tao
Published: February 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has colonized and caused consistent damage in the Eastern hemisphere. The identification of various FAW strains is essential for developing precise prevention and control measures. The triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene is recognized as an effective marker closely linked to FAW subpopulations. However, most current studies primarily focus on the comparison of variations in specific gene sites of this gene. In this study, we conducted full‐length sequencing of the Tpi genes from 5 representative FAW groups. Our findings revealed that the Tpi genes varied in length from 1220 to 1420 bp, with the primary variation occurring within 4 introns. Notably, the exon lengths remained consistent, at 747 bp, with 37 observed base variations; however, no amino acid variations were detected. Through sequence alignment, we identified 8 stable variation sites that can be used to distinguish FAW strains in the Eastern hemisphere. Additionally, we performed strain identification on 1569 FAW samples collected from 19 provinces in China between 2020 and 2021. The extensive analysis indicated the absence of the rice strain in the samples. Instead, we only detected the presence of the corn strain and the Zambia strain, with the Zambia strain being distributed in a very low proportion (3.44%). Furthermore, the corn strain could be further categorized into 2 subgroups. This comprehensive study provides a valuable reference for enhancing our understanding of FAW population differentiation and for improving monitoring and early warning efforts.
Imaging of supra‐thoracic tuberculosis
Authors: Kanthawang Thanat , Pattamapaspong Nuttaya , Hammami Nadia , Bouaziz Mouna Chelli , Ladeb Mohamed Fethi , Kongmebhol Pailin , Peh Wilfred CG
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) typically affects the lungs, but may involve many extra‐pulmonary sites; with the latter especially prone in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features of extra‐pulmonary TB are often non‐specific, mimicking many different disease entities. Application of the most appropriate imaging modality and knowing the imaging findings with clinical context awareness help initiation of further investigations, diagnosis and early treatment. This pictorial essay highlights the imaging spectrum of extra‐pulmonary TB affecting the supra‐thoracic region, i.e. brain, neck, and ear, nose and throat.
Prehospital point‐of‐care ultrasound in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauridsen Signe Voigt , Bøtker Morten Thingemann , Eldrup Nikolaj , Juhl‐Olsen Peter
Published: February 2024

Background

Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) require immediate vascular treatment to survive. The use of prehospital point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) may support clinical assessment, correct diagnosis, appropriate triage and reduce system delay. The aim was to study the process of care and outcome in patients receiving prehospital POCUS versus patients not receiving prehospital POCUS in patients with rAAA, ruptured iliac aneurysm or impending aortic rupture.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients diagnosed with rAAA in the Central Denmark Region treated by a prehospital critical care physician from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Performance of prehospital POCUS was extracted from the prehospital electronic health records. System delay was defined as the time from the emergency phone call to the emergency medical service dispatch centre until the start of surgery. Data on patients primary hospital admission to a centre with/without vascular treatment expertise, treatments and complications including death were extracted from electronic health records.

Results

We included 169 patients; prehospital POCUS was performed in 124 patients (73%). Emergency surgical treatment was performed in 71 patients. The overall survival in the POCUS group was 39% versus 16% in the NO POCUS group (hazard ratio (HR) (95% 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89, p = .011). In the POCUS group 99/124 (80%) were directly admitted to a vascular surgical centre versus 25/45 (56%) in the NO POCUS, RD 24% (95% CI: 8–40)), (p = .002). In the POCUS group, system delay was a median of 142 minutes (interquartile range (IQR) 121–189) and a median of 232 minutes (IQR 166–305) in the NO POCUS group (p = .006). In a multivariable analysis incorporating age, sex, previously known rAAA, and typical clinical symptoms of rAAA, the HR for death was 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.86 (p = .008) favouring prehospital POCUS.

Conclusions

Prehospital POCUS was associated with reduced time to treatment, higher chance of operability and significantly higher 30‐day survival in patients with rAAA, ruptured iliac aneurysm or impending rupture of an AAA in this retrospective study. Residual confounding cannot be excluded. This study supports the clinical relevance of prehospital POCUS of the abdominal aorta.