bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminating Non-Native Segmental Length Contrasts Under Increased Task Demands
Authors: Asano Yuki
Published: October 2017

The present study examines how vulnerable perception of second language prosody is to increased task demands. German learners of Japanese, German non-learners without exposure to Japanese, and Japanese native listeners were tested in their ability to discriminate consonant length contrasts (compared to vowel length contrasts that served as a control condition). Memory load was increased by a longer inter-stimulus interval (2500 ms compared to 300 ms) and the demand on attention control was enhanced through the addition of the acoustic complexity of the stimuli (i.e., through a task-irrelevant pitch fall that occurred simultaneously with a consonant length contrast). The results showed high discrimination abilities, in all groups, when task demands were lowest. With increased task demands, only non-native listeners’ discrimination abilities decreased: non-learners were strongly affected by both increased memory load and higher demand on attention control, while learners were only affected by the latter. The task-irrelevant acoustic complexity of the stimuli had a stronger impact on performance than increased memory load did. The findings suggest that second language learners established novel phonological representations but that the ability to use them could only be applied in the absence of distracting acoustic information. The non-native listeners’ reduced sensitivity under increased task demands explains why even advanced learners still face difficulties in daily listening situations with numerous distractions.
Perceptions of Harm From Substance Use and Social Self-Efficacy Among Early Adolescents
Authors: Zullig Keith J. , Valois Robert F.
Published: October 2017

Researchers examined the association between perceptions of harm from substance use and social self-efficacy (SSE) in a sample of early adolescents in public middle schools ( n = 4,122). One-way analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to assess the relationships between perceptions of harm from tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use and SSE while controlling for the effects of grade, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Effect sizes were calculated from the post hoc comparisons to estimate practical importance. Results suggest that lower perceptions of harm from each examined substance were significantly associated with lower SSE ( p < .0001). Effect sizes were of medium practical importance. Enhancing SSE in early adolescents may be an effective component of interventions designed to reduce perceptions of harm associated and subsequent substance use.
Linking Decision-Making Procedures to Decision Acceptance and Citizen Voice: Evidence From Two Studies
Authors: Porumbescu Gregory A. , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan
Published: October 2017

Government decision-making procedures and transparency ensure responsive governance. Yet, there are few attempts to assess how these two factors shape citizens’ intentions to voice opposition to government decisions. We predict that the effect of decision-making procedures on voice is contingent upon the fairness of government decision-making procedures. We also hypothesize that the strength of this effect will vary according to how transparent the decision-making process is. We test these hypotheses using two survey experiments, where we assess how the effect of procedural fairness of a decision-making process on citizen voice varies according to the level of transparency. Findings reveal that participants are least inclined to voice opposition when a decision-making process is fair and transparency high. However, when a decision-making process is unfair, greater transparency did not increase voice. We conclude that transparency can stifle voice for fair decision-making procedures but does not stimulate voice when decision-making procedures are unfair.
Physical geography in the Anthropocene
Authors: Ellis Erle C
Published: October 2017

Even as it remains an informal term defining the emergence of humans as a force transforming Earth as a system, the Anthropocene is stimulating novel research and discussion across the academy and well beyond. While geography has always been deeply connected with the coupled human–environment paradigm, physical geographer’s embrace of the Anthropocene still appears lukewarm at best. While there are good reasons to hesitate, including the fact that the Anthropocene is not yet, and might never be, formalized in the Geologic Time Scale, physical geographers have much to gain by embracing what is rapidly becoming the most influential scholarly discussion on human–environmental relations in a generation. This editorial was commissioned for the author’s debut as Contributing Editor of Progress in Physical Geography.
“First Korean Philosophers” on Philosophy
Authors: Kang Young Ahn
Published: October 2017

Philosophy as an academic discipline was introduced to Korea at the end of the 19th century. Philosophical education and professional research did not begin, however, until the 1920s. The first institution in which Koreans could study philosophy as a major at college level was Keijō Imperial University, which was founded by the Japanese in 1924 in Seoul, Korea. The first graduates from this school produced their research in Korean and contributed to the settlement of philosophy on the Korean peninsula. They were joined by Koreans who had returned from study in Austria, Germany, France, and the United States. I call these the “first Korean philosophers.” In order for an individual to belong to this group, three conditions had to be met: first, he or she should have studied philosophy as a major at college level; second, he or she should have read Western philosophical texts in original or in translation; third: he or she should have written a treatise in the contemporary Korean language. Against this background, I am going to deal with three questions. The first question concerns their attitude towards philosophy. The second question concerns their conception of philosophy. The third question concerns the method of doing philosophy. Through this study, I have shown that the first Korean philosophers foreshadowed the struggle between the Marxist and liberal understandings of the world and of humanity, even though they lived in the time of Japanese occupation.
Complications of Home Enteral Nutrition: Mechanical Complications and Access Issues in the Home Setting
Authors: Strollo Brian P. , McClave Stephen A. , Miller Keith R.
Published: October 2017

Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is an essential component in the care of patients with an array of underlying etiologies resulting in the inability to meet caloric needs through volitional intake alone. Although some would include oral nutrition supplementation as HEN, for the purposes of this review, the term is limited to a patient's requiring an enteral access device for the delivery of exogenous nutrients. Complications related to such devices remain a difficult problem in the hospital setting, and these issues are often amplified when encountered in the home setting. Focused multidisciplinary teams and close follow‐up are essential in optimizing outcomes for patients receiving HEN, but all healthcare providers should have foundational knowledge regarding commonly encountered complications of HEN access and the initial management of these issues.
Development of a foot-wheel driving exoskeleton for moving assistance of paraplegic patients
Authors: Ma Qingchuan , Ji Linhong , Wang Rencheng , Wong Lap-Nam
Published: October 2017

Paraplegic patients need assistant devices to manage daily lives due to moving disability of lower limbs, standing and moving always being their most pressing needs. A foot-wheel driving exoskeleton for moving assistance in a standing posture is introduced in this study, which uses a motor-belt-wheel driving mechanism at each foot to propel the whole system and a wireless handle to control the moving status. The overall design concept and detailed specifications of each module are presented in this paper. This study has completed the using experiments on two healthy subjects and a T10 paraplegic patient. The motion analysis was performed in a 3D gait analysis system to evaluate the fluctuation of the joint angle and corresponding response of major muscles in a process from start to a 4-s operation. The kinematics and EMG results showed that this exoskeleton could assist the upper body-abled user to complete the upright move without the help from others and the musculus triceps brachii and brachioradialis play an important role in maintaining the balance and counteract the motion fluctuation.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cardioversion: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Gibson Caitlin M. , Basto Amanda N. , Howard Meredith L.
Published: October 2017

Objective: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban represent possible alternatives to warfarin in the setting of cardioversion. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DOAC use pericardioversion. Data Sources: A PubMed and MEDLINE search through August 2017 was conducted using the following search terms alone or in various combinations: dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, betrixaban, DOAC, NOAC, TSOAC, cardioversion. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language, human studies comparing the safety and efficacy of DOACs with that of other anticoagulants in the setting of cardioversion were eligible for inclusion. References from published articles were reviewed for additional relevant citations for study inclusion. Four retrospective and 2 prospective trials comparing DOACs with warfarin were identified. Data Synthesis: The majority of studies included patients undergoing electric cardioversion. Based on current evidence, the DOACs perform similarly to warfarin in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism, and bleeding rates are comparable. Conclusions: DOACs may be an attractive alternative to warfarin because of fast onset of action, potentially reducing delay to cardioversion. More robust studies are needed in patients with renal dysfunction and patients undergoing pharmacological cardioversion.
Angiogenic Growth Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Guo Ming , Shi Jun-He , Wang Pei-Li , Shi Da-Zhuo
Published: October 2017

Although there have been advances in coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention, some patients who have ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) are ineligible for revascularization due to suboptimal anatomy. Cardiac angiogenesis is not only a physiological response to ischemia or hypoxia but also a potential target of therapeutic strategies. Preclinical studies have shown a great enthusiasm on therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic CAD. However, the latest trials provided the limited evidence on its efficacy. This article aims to discuss the physiological process of angiogenesis, the characteristic of angiogenic growth factors, delivery system, and clinical and preclinical studies, which can provide a novel insight into the therapeutic angiogenesis for CAD.
Measuring the attitudes of novice drivers with autism spectrum disorder as an indication of apprehensive driving: Going beyond basic abilities
Authors: Ross Veerle , Cox Daniel J , Reeve Ron , Brown Timothy , Moncrief Matthew , Schmitt Rose , Gaffney Gary
Published: October 2017

For some individuals with autism spectrum disorder, driving apprehension may interfere with the acquisition and application of driving privileges. The Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report provides an indication of novice drivers’ positive and negative attitudes toward driving. Responses were compared for parents of 66 autism spectrum disorder and 166 neuro-typical novice drivers. After the autism spectrum disorder drivers completed 3 months of driver training, 60 parents repeated the Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report. Parents reported autism spectrum disorder drivers to have less positive and more negative attitudes toward driving than parents of neuro-typical drivers. Parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers who received driving training in a safe/low-threat virtual reality driving simulator demonstrated a significant increase in positive attitudes and reduction in negative attitudes, compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers undergoing routine driver training. The reports of parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers suggest potential problems with learning to drive that can go beyond general abilities and include driving apprehension.
Development and validation of the self-administered Falun health instrument (SAFHI) using data from health promoted workplaces in Sweden
Authors: Frieberg Otto-Patrik , Millqvist Eva , Nilsson Jan , From Ingrid
Published: October 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and to validate the self-administered Falun health instrument. An additional aim was to test its applicability in measuring people’s lifestyles linked to health. Methods: In 2002, an instrument was constructed containing questions regarding the hazardous use of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy diets and insufficient physical activity. A pilot study using the instrument was assessed between 2002 and 2006. In Sweden, it was further expanded and tested during the years 2004–2014 among a total of 1295 people. Results: Face validity was evaluated among colleagues and experts for clarity and completeness resulting in minor adjustments of some questions. With the test–retest method, the self-administered Falun health questionnaire showed a positive and high reproducibility and high compliance. Cronbach’s alpha showed a high level of consistency (average 0.86). Factor analysis demonstrated the choice of questions correlated highly to the measured lifestyle. Conclusions: This study showed that the self-administered Falun health questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument, useful for detecting individuals at risk of developing diseases that are related to individual choice of lifestyle.
A case of refeeding syndrome in pregnancy with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Soyama Hiroaki , Miyamoto Morikazu , Natsuyama Takahiro , Takano Masashi , Sasa Hidenori , Furuya Kenichi
Published: October 2017

Refeeding syndrome very rarely develops during pregnancy. A 35-year-old primiparous woman pregnant with twins complained of severe fatigue at 19 weeks’ gestation. She was admitted to our hospital in a malnourished condition because of repeated self-induced vomiting due to anorexia nervosa. Just after hospitalization, she voluntarily increased her caloric intake significantly above the recommended prescribed diet, without medical permission. Nine days later, she developed refeeding syndrome. Electrolyte replacement and calorie restriction were started and her condition gradually improved. The healthy twin babies were born by cesarean section at 36 weeks’ gestation. Acute increases in caloric intake by previously malnourished pregnant women with anorexia nervosa may induce refeeding syndrome. Women with the binge eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa may be at additional risk due to alternating phases of starvation and overeating.
Distance mentoring of health researchers: Three case studies across the career-development trajectory
Authors: Xu Xiaomeng , Schneider Margaret , DeSorbo-Quinn Alexandra L , King Abby C , Allegrante John P , Nigg Claudio R
Published: October 2017

Despite the crucial role of mentoring, little literature exists that addresses distance mentoring among health researchers. This article provides three case studies showcasing protégés at different stages of career development (one in graduate school, one as an early-stage researcher, and one as an established researcher). Each case study provides a brief history of the relationship, examines the benefits and challenges of working together at a distance, and discusses the lessons learned from both the mentor and the protégé over the course of these relationships. A mentoring model, examples of mentoring communications, and potential promising practices are also provided and discussed.
Understanding and Describing PTSD in Kosovo: A Systematic Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Fanaj Naim , Melonashi Erika
Published: October 2017

Mental health problems related to the psychological trauma of war still represent a public health concern in postwar Kosovo. Despite the universal character of exposure to trauma, there are suggestions that the manifestation posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related psychosocial factors might vary across cultures. The aim of the present article was to provide a critical overview of research on PTSD in the specific sociocultural context of Kosovo by examining prevalence rates, as well as related demographic and psychosocial variables. For this purpose, 51 studies were evaluated. Results showed that, even 10 years postwar prevalence rates for PTSD are still high among civilians exposed to trauma, refugees, and veterans. As regards psychiatric and psychological constructs correlating with PTSD, studies suggested the following: anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, anger, and revenge thoughts. Moreover, socioeconomic factors and social support were identified as highly influential on quality of life of individuals with PTSD. Nonetheless the studies considered for review had numerous methodological problems such as sample size, self-selection, nonrandomized process, and lack of control groups, findings of existing studies still need to be carefully considered and future research is necessary.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a distinct transcriptome signature of aneuploid hematopoietic cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , Gao Shouguo , Wu Zhijie , Kajigaya Sachiko , Feng Xingmin , Liu Qingguo , Townsley Danielle M. , Cooper James , Chen Jinguo , Keyvanfar Keyvan , Fernandez Ibanez Maria del Pilar , Wang Xujing , Young Neal S.
Published: October 2017

Key Points

We distinguished aneuploid cells from diploid cells within the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using scRNA-seq. Monosomy 7 cells showed downregulated pathways involved in immune response and maintenance of DNA stability.
Macrophages and osteoclasts stem from a bipotent progenitor downstream of a macrophage/osteoclast/dendritic cell progenitor
Authors: Xiao Yanling , Palomero Jara , Grabowska Joanna , Wang Liqin , de Rink Iris , van Helvert Luuk , Borst Jannie
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Under homeostatic conditions, MΦs, OCs, and DCs develop from a tripotent progenitor, the MODP. In mouse bone marrow, we define a novel, bipotent MΦ/OC progenitor, the MOP, that lies downstream of the MODP.
Experimental study of fracture size effect on elastic-wave velocity dispersion and anisotropy
Authors: Shuai Da , Wei Jianxin , Di Bangrang , Yuan Sanyi , Xie Jianyong , Yan Shiqi
Published: October 2017

We have designed transversely isotropic models containing penny-shaped rubber inclusions, with the crack diameters ranging from 2.5 to 6.2 mm to study the influence of fracture size on seismic velocity under controlled conditions. Three pairs of transducers with different frequencies (0.5, 0.25, and 0.1 MHz) are used for P- and S-wave ultrasonic sounding, respectively. The P-wave measurements indicate that the scattering effect is dominant when the waves propagate perpendicular to the fractures. Our experimental results demonstrate that when the wavelength-to-crack-diameter ratio ([Formula: see text]) is larger than 14, the P-wave velocity can be described predominantly by the effective medium theory. Although the ratio is larger than four, the S-wave velocity is close to the equivalent medium results. When [Formula: see text] < 14 or [Formula: see text] is < 4, the elastic velocity is dominated by scattering. The magnitudes of the Thomsen anisotropic parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are scale and frequency dependent on the assumption that the transversely isotropic models are vertical transversely isotropic medium. Furthermore, we compare the experimental velocities with the Hudson theory. The results illustrate that there is a good agreement between the observed P-wave velocity and the Hudson theory when [Formula: see text] > 7 in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the fractures. For small fracture diameters, however, the P-wave velocity perpendicular to the fractures predicted from the Hudson theory is not accurate. When [Formula: see text] < 4, there is good agreement between the experimental fast S-wave velocity and the Hudson theory, whereas the experimental slow S-wave velocity diverges with the Hudson theory. When [Formula: see text] > 4, the deviation of fast and slow S-wave velocities with the Hudson prediction is stable.
Cancer Center Clinic and Research Team Perceptions of Identity and Interactions
Authors: Reimer Torsten , Lee Simon J. Craddock , Garcia Sandra , Gill Mary , Duncan Tobi , Williams Erin L. , Gerber David E.
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

Conduct of cancer clinical trials requires coordination and cooperation among research and clinic teams. Diffusion of and confusion about responsibility may occur if team members’ perceptions of roles and objectives do not align. These factors are critical to the success of cancer centers but are poorly studied.

Methods:

We developed a survey adapting components of the Adapted Team Climate Inventory, Measure of Team Identification, and Measure of In-Group Bias. Surveys were administered to research and clinic staff at a National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and analyses of variance.

Results:

Responses were received from 105 staff (clinic, n = 55; research, n = 50; 61% response rate). Compared with clinic staff, research staff identified more strongly with their own group ( P < .01) but less strongly with the overall cancer center ( P = .02). Both clinic staff and research staff viewed their own group’s goals as clearer than those of the other group ( P < .01) and felt that members of their groups interacted and shared information within ( P < .01) and across ( P < .01) groups more than the other group did. Research staff perceived daily outcomes as more important than did clinic staff ( P = .05), specifically research-related outcomes ( P = .07).

Conclusion:

Although there are many similarities between clinic and research teams, we also identified key differences, including perceptions of goal clarity and sharing, understanding and alignment with cancer center goals, and importance of outcomes. Future studies should examine how variation in perceptions and group dynamics between clinic and research teams may impact function and processes of cancer care.
Opioid Prescription Trends Among Patients With Cancer Referred to Outpatient Palliative Care Over a 6-Year Period
Authors: Haider Ali , Zhukovsky Donna S. , Meng Yee Choon , Baidoo Joseph , Tanco Kimberson C. , Stewart Holly A. , Edwards Tonya , Joy Manju P. , Kuriakose Leela , Lu Zhanni , Williams Janet L. , Liu Diane D. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

In the United States, opioid regulations have become increasingly stringent in recent years. Increased regulatory scrutiny, in part, is related to heightened awareness through literature and a recent media blitz on the opioid prescription epidemic. These regulations have the potential to impact prescription trends by health care providers. Our objective was to evaluate changes in the type and dose of opioid prescriptions among patients who are referred by oncologists to an outpatient palliative care clinic.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the electronic health records of 750 patients who were seen as new consultations at MD Anderson Cancer Center’s outpatient palliative care clinic between January 1 and April 30 each year from 2010 through 2015. Data collected included demographics, cancer type and stage, symptom assessment, performance status, opioid type, and opioid dose defined as the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD).

Results:

Median age was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR], 51 to 67), 383 (51%) were female, 529 (70%) were white, and 654 (87%)of patients had advanced cancer. In 2010, median MEDD before referral was 78 mg/d (IQR, 30 to 150); however, by 2015, the MEDD had progressively decreased to 40 mg/d (IQR, 19 to 80; P = .001). Hydrocodone was the most common opioid prescribed between 2010 and 2015; however, after its reclassification as a schedule II opioid in October 2014, the use of tramadol, a schedule IV opioid, increased ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

During the past several years, the MEDD prescribed by referring oncologists has decreased. After hydrocodone reclassification, the use of tramadol with less stringent prescription limits has increased.
High Expression of FGD3, a Putative Regulator of Cell Morphology and Motility, Is Prognostic of Favorable Outcome in Multiple Cancers
Authors: Willis Scooter , Sun Yuliang , Abramovitz Mark , Fei Teng , Young Brandon , Lin Xiaoqian , Ni Min , Achua Justin , Regan Meredith M. , Gray Kathryn P. , Gray Robert , Wang Victoria , Long Bradley , Kammler Roswitha , Sparano Joseph A. , Williams Casey , Goldstein Lori J. , Salgado Roberto , Loi Sherene , Pruneri Giancarlo , Viale Giuseppe , Brown Myles , Leyland-Jones Brian
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Identification of single-gene biomarkers that are prognostic of outcome can shed new insights on the molecular mechanisms that drive breast cancer and other cancers.

Methods

Exploratory analysis of 20,464 single-gene messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) discovery cohort indicates that low expression of FGD3 mRNA is prognostic for poor outcome. Prognostic significance of faciogenital dysplasia 3 (FGD3), SUSD3, and other single-gene proliferation markers was evaluated in breast cancer and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts.

Results

A meta-analysis of Cox regression of FGD3 mRNA as a continuous variable for overall survival of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive samples in METABRIC discovery, METABRIC validation, TCGA breast cancer, and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Women With Breast Cancer (E2197) cohorts resulted in a combined hazard ratio (HR) of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.75), indicating better outcome with high expression. In the ER-negative samples, the combined meta-analysis HR was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.82), suggesting that FGD3 is prognostic regardless of ER status. The potential of FGD3 as a biomarker for freedom from recurrence was evaluated in the Breast International Group 1-98 (BIG 1-98; Letrozole or Tamoxifen in Treating Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer) study (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.93) for breast cancer–free interval. In the Hungarian Academy of Science (HAS) breast cancer cohort, splitting on the median had an HR of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.58) for recurrence-free survival. A comparison of the Stouffer P value in five ER-positive cohorts showed that FGD3 ( P = 3.8E-14) outperformed MKI67 ( P = 1.06E-8) and AURKA ( P = 2.61E-5). A comparison of the Stouffer P value in four ER-negative cohorts showed that FGD3 ( P = 3.88E-5) outperformed MKI67 ( P = .477) and AURKA ( P = .820).

Conclusion

FGD3 was previously shown to inhibit cell migration. FGD3 mRNA is regulated by ESR1 and is associated with favorable outcome in six distinct breast cancer cohorts and four TCGA cancer cohorts. This suggests that FGD3 is an important clinical biomarker.
Hemorrhagic Shock After Epicardial Pacing Wire Removal: A Case Report
Authors: Warner Paul A. , Warner Lindsay L. , Pochettino Alberto , Roy Tuhin K.
Published: October 2017

Epicardial pacing wires are routinely used to avoid hemodynamic instability due to perioperative arrhythmias after cardiac surgery. In rare cases, pacing wires themselves can be associated with potentially life-threatening complications. Herein, we present a novel case of hemorrhagic shock and hemoperitoneum after temporary epicardial pacing wire removal.
Teaching the Long Poem by Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers
Authors: Ruwe Donelle
Published: October 2017

This article introduces a roundtable on teaching long poems by British women writers, presented as a special session at the 2014 Modern Language Association conference in Chicago. The articles in the roundtable provide teaching strategies that are pertinent to the writers under review but can easily be extended to many more writers and works. The resistance of students to long poems by any poet, much less by women, reveals that professors still have much work to do in establishing lesser-known women writers as coequal with their better-known male contemporaries. This resistance is a teaching opportunity to address issues of genre, gender, and canonicity. In a larger sense, the articles argue for the potential of pedagogical practice to reconstitute the canon.
Wine, Poems, and Song
Authors: Rosenfeld Aaron
Published: October 2017

The essay argues that there is an institutional role—and obligation—to teach students to appreciate poetry. In contrast to vertical and intensive models of analysis that treat individual poems or authors as the primary unit of pedagogical value, aesthetic appreciation requires a lateral, extensive, and comparative mode of encounter.
Pivoting
Authors: Alborn Timothy
Published: October 2017

This article applies the idea of pivoting to teaching British history and cultural studies, both by focusing on a pivotal year's watershed events and by artfully telling a before-and-after story about a less noteworthy event. My teaching tool in this case was the year 1874, which was pivotal in the first sense of the word owing to Benjamin Disraeli's defeat of William Gladstone and the subsequent decline of laissez-faire and rise of imperialism. I discuss how I use that event as a pivot by referring back to the culture of voluntarism that had promoted Gladstone's popularity and to blind spots in Gladstonian liberalism that rendered him politically vulnerable in 1874. I then turn to my experience teaching a one-week unit on the British annexation of Fiji, which also occurred in 1874. In this unit I assigned some students to report on the career of the first governor of Fiji, Arthur Gordon, who governed five other British colonies before and after 1874, and I asked other students to pre sent group reports on four different perspectives on Fiji that accompanied annexation, by a company promoter, a tourist, a missionary, and an adventure novelist.
Role of connexin 43 in different forms of intercellular communication – gap junctions, extracellular vesicles and tunnelling nanotubes
Authors: Ribeiro-Rodrigues Teresa M. , Martins-Marques Tânia , Morel Sandrine , Kwak Brenda R. , Girão Henrique
Published: October 2017

Communication is important to ensure the correct and efficient flow of information, which is required to sustain active social networks. A fine-tuned communication between cells is vital to maintain the homeostasis and function of multicellular or unicellular organisms in a community environment. Although there are different levels of complexity, intercellular communication, in prokaryotes to mammalians, can occur through secreted molecules (either soluble or encapsulated in vesicles), tubular structures connecting close cells or intercellular channels that link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. In mammals, these different types of communication serve different purposes, may involve distinct factors and are mediated by extracellular vesicles, tunnelling nanotubes or gap junctions. Recent studies have shown that connexin 43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1), a transmembrane protein initially described as a gap junction protein, participates in all these forms of communication; this emphasizes the concept of adopting strategies to maximize the potential of available resources by reutilizing the same factor in different scenarios. In this Review, we provide an overview of the most recent advances regarding the role of Cx43 in intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles, tunnelling nanotubes and gap junctions.
A versatile optical tool for studying synaptic GABAA receptor trafficking
Authors: Lorenz-Guertin Joshua M. , Wilcox Madeleine R. , Zhang Ming , Larsen Mads B. , Pilli Jyotsna , Schmidt Brigitte F. , Bruchez Marcel P. , Johnson Jon W. , Waggoner Alan S. , Watkins Simon C. , Jacob Tija C.
Published: October 2017

Live-cell imaging methods can provide critical real-time receptor trafficking measurements. Here, we describe an optical tool to study synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR) dynamics through adaptable fluorescent-tracking capabilities. A fluorogen-activating peptide (FAP) was genetically inserted into a GABAAR γ2 subunit tagged with pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (γ2pHFAP). The FAP selectively binds and activates Malachite Green (MG) dyes that are otherwise non-fluorescent in solution. γ2pHFAP GABAARs are expressed at the cell surface in transfected cortical neurons, form synaptic clusters and do not perturb neuronal development. Electrophysiological studies show γ2pHFAP GABAARs respond to GABA and exhibit positive modulation upon stimulation with the benzodiazepine diazepam. Imaging studies using γ2pHFAP-transfected neurons and MG dyes show time-dependent receptor accumulation into intracellular vesicles, revealing constitutive endosomal and lysosomal trafficking. Simultaneous analysis of synaptic, surface and lysosomal receptors using the γ2pHFAP–MG dye approach reveals enhanced GABAAR turnover following a bicucculine-induced seizure paradigm, a finding not detected by standard surface receptor measurements. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the FAP–MG dye system in neurons, demonstrating the versatility to study nearly all phases of GABAAR trafficking.
Cross Cultural Instruction: An Instructional Design Case
Authors: Tracey Monica W. , Unger Kelly L.
Published: October 2017

In an authentic example of linking design and development with learning and performance, an international real estate development firm defined a problem; implementing a cleaning system in the largest mall in the world with a cross-cultural unskilled work force in Dubai, UAE. Partnering with a university instructional design team employing a rapid prototyping methodology and the constructivist ID approach, Layers of Negotiation Model, a comprehensive curriculum was designed. This article describes the project background, initial design, the ID team's work in Dubai, illustrates the product, and summarizes the design experience.KeywordsCross-cultural instructional design, design-based research, job aids, constructivist ID environments, layers of negotiation model, rapid prototyping, project management
A Design Case: Developing an Enhanced Version of the Diffusion Simulation Game
Authors: Lara Miguel Angel , Myers Rodney , Frick Theodore W. , Aslan Sinem , Michaelidou Theodora
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we present a design case describing the creation of a new online version of the Diffusion Simulation Game (DSG). The DSG is a serious game that teaches change management strategies aligned with Rogers’ (2003) diffusion of innovations theory. The goal of the game is to promote the understanding of strategies that result in the adoption of an instructional innovation by the staff members of a fictional junior high school. The original board version of the game was created in the 1970s (Molenda and Rice, 1979) and was played as part of a course in the School of Education of a large Midwestern university. With the opening of a distance master’s program, the first online version of the game was developed in 2002 (Frick, Ludwig, Kim, & Huang, 2003). In order to overcome some of the limitations of the first online version, a new online version of the DSG was developed. This new version was rapidly prototyped first on paper and then in Flex Builder, ActionScript, PHP and MySQL. A rapid prototype approach (Tripp & Bichelmeyer, 1990) was utilized to iteratively design the user interface. In addition to describing the design process and rationale for design decisions, we also report results of play-tests and usability evaluations of seven recruited participants and how the information collected from these evaluations will help us to improve the current design.
From Takeoff to Landing: Looking at the Design Process for the Development of NASA Blast at Thanksgiving Point
Authors: Ashton Stephen , Foisy Anne M. , Marwedel Richard , Popham J. Aaron , Proctor Keith R. , Randall Daniel L. , Tateishi Isaku , Thompson Carrie A. , Gibbons Andrew S.
Published: October 2017

In this article we discuss the process of design used to develop and design the NASA Blast exhibition at Thanksgiving Point, a museum complex in Lehi, Utah. This was a class project for the Advanced Instructional Design Class at Brigham Young University. In an attempt to create a new discourse (Krippendorff, 2006) for Thanksgiving Point visitors and staff members, the design class used a very fluid design approach by utilizing brainstorming, researching, class member personas, and prototyping to create ideas for the new exhibition. Because of the nature of the experience, the design class developed their own techniques to enhance the process of their design. The result of the design was a compelling narrative that brought all the elements of the exhibition together in a cohesive piece.
Designing a Mobile Application: The Case of iAdvocate
Authors: Foley Alan R.
Published: October 2017

In this article, the design of a mobile application (app) called iAdvocate is illustrated. The goal of iAdvocate is to share and develop specific strategies with parents of children with disabilities for working collaboratively with a school team to improve their children’s education. iAdvocate uses problem-based learning strategies, simulations, and provides contextual access resources to build parental advocacy skills and knowledge. iAdvocate provides parents with both information and strategies regarding their educational rights and getting their child’s needs met. The goal of iAdvocate is to share and develop specific strategies with parents for working collaboratively with a school team to improve their children’s education. iAdvocate contains three sections: strategies, a compilation of approaches that parents can pursue as advocates; resources, which lists and, where possible, links to such references as laws, books, articles, web sites, video presentations, and organizations that provide information on inclusive education; and, responses, which features simulated interactions, such as replies to common statements made by school professionals regarding services and accommodations for children. This case illustrates the design processes and techniques used to develop an instructional mobile application by presenting the background and context of the project, initial design and design iterations, negative case analysis, and prototyping. Additional documents illustrating the project background, and design process are also included.
A Place to Play: Teaching Communities How To Build Playgrounds
Authors: Racek Jonathan , Smith Kennon M.
Published: October 2017

This case study focuses on the development of a train-the-trainer program which blends online resources and face-to-face instruction to assist people in leading communities which want to design and build safe and culturally-appropriate play areas. The case outlines the development of online resources and the iterations involved in developing and implementing strategies for face-to-face instruction.
ACH Double Pull Issues: Designing with Client Constraints
Authors: Fortner Suzanne Marie
Published: October 2017

The Customer Service Center of a large Midwestern insurance company requested training to research and prevent double payments from being deducted from their customers’ bank accounts. This issue was costing the customer service center between $9,000 and $13,000 per month and resulted in dissatisfied customers. The instructional designer was assigned to this project and faced challenges such as corporate politics, tight timeframes for development, and lack of content knowledge. This design case describes the project history, the design process, the design challenges, and the resulting design decisions.
Nursing Pain Assessment & Management: A 3D Interactive Simulation
Authors: Romero-Hall Enilda , Watson Ginger S. , Papelis Yiannis , Garcia Hector
Published: October 2017

In this design case, a team developed a 3D interactive simulation for nursing students and professional nurses to train and practice pain assessment and management procedures. In the simulation environment, the trainees interact with three emotionally expressive animated patients. The three patients vary in their ethnicity, age, and emotion intensity. Successful completion of the scenario requires that the trainee perform of a series of pain assessment and management tasks.  The trainee is evaluated on the efficiency and appropriate sequencing of the tasks.  The purpose of this paper is to describe the decisions made regarding the type of virtual patients used, the clickable objects, the pain assessment interview protocol, the visual representations in the simulation and the web portal. The paper also provides insight into the processes and steps taken during the design and development phases of this 3D interactive simulation including: the tasks analyses, motion capture, validation of the animations in the simulation, programming, and other tasks.
Games and Simulations for Learning: A Course Design Case
Authors: Dondlinger Mary Jo J
Published: October 2017

Research on games and simulations for learning in the last decade has expanded the instructional design knowledge base to such an extent that degree programs in instructional design and technology are beginning to develop and offer courses on games and simulations as learning technologies. This design case chronicles the context, design decisions, and designer/instructor observations from the pilot implementation of a graduate course on Games & Simulations for Learning for a masters program in educational technology at a regional university in the southwestern United States.
Design of a Socio-scientific Issue Curriculum Unit: Antibiotic Resistance, Natural Selection, and Modeling
Authors: Friedrichsen Patricia J. , Sadler Troy D. , Graham Kerri , Brown Pamela
Published: October 2017

In this design case, we describe our work to design and develop a socio-scientific issue (SSI) based unit of instruction for use in high school biology. Our team includes university based science educators, an experienced classroom teacher, and a microbiologist. The unit focuses on antibiotic resistant bacteria as a context for student exploration of natural selection and engagement in modeling practices. Our team recently presented a model for SSI instruction that highlights: (a) a focal issue, (b) interaction of science ideas and practices, (c) social considerations, (d) use of information and communications technologies, and (e) a culminating experience that encourages students to synthesize their ideas. We use this model to frame the design case and discuss key decision points that influenced design and development of the unit. The design product is a three-week unit that we implemented in the spring of 2014. Key challenges presented in the case include continually evolving notions of scientific modeling practices and implications for related learning activities, developing supports for student negotiation of the social dimensions of antibiotic resistance, and determining how much emphasis to place on student use of information and communications technologies.
Critical Design Decisions for Successful Model-Based Inquiry in Science Classrooms
Authors: Rinehart Ronald W. , Duncan Ravit Golan , Chinn Clark A. , Atkins Trudy A. , DiBenedetti Jessica
Published: October 2017

Current science education reforms and the new standards (Next Generation Science Standards [NGSS], 2013) advocate that K-12 students gain proficiency in the knowledge-generating practices of scientists. These practices include argumentation, modeling, and coordinating evidence with theories and models. Practice-based instruction is very different from traditional methods. Creating practice-rich instructional materials presents substantive challenges even for experienced educational designers because of the unlimited choice of potential phenomena to study and the inherent difficulties of developing the associated models and evidence. In this design case we will discuss some of the affordances, constraints and tradeoffs associated with making decisions about four key design principles of engaging students with evidence-based scientific modeling. The first set of decisions involves identifying the focus phenomenon. The second set of decisions regards how to represent the focus phenomenon as an explanatory scientific model and how to design for student engagement with modeling. The third set of decisions involves selecting and developing the evidence students will use to evaluate models. The final set of design decisions pertains to developing supporting activities that foster disciplinary engagement (Engle & Conant, 2002) during modeling. We developed a variety of approaches that address these four design challenges and present them in the context of a unit we developed for a middle school life science course focusing on genetics and inheritance. This design case illustrates how a group of designers, including university researchers, teachers, and school administrators, arrived at collective design decisions bearing on these four problems.
Games, Stories and Language: Motivating Second Language Acquisition With Play
Authors: Prestopnik Nathan
Published: October 2017

This paper reports a design case for a story-driven language learning game called Arena. Arena was developed in the design science tradition, where purpose-built artifacts are used as a springboard for scientific inquiry. As such, Arena is a vehicle for designers and researchers to study the effectiveness of story-based games for engaging learners, as well as to explore some of the various challenges that manifest when designing and implementing gameful educational experiences. In this design case, we—myself, as author, and by extension, my design team of 14 undergraduate developers and researchers—report on the theoretical underpinnings of Arena and then draw contrasts between these and our experiences as practical designers. The contrasts we note include: (a) second language storytelling as a wicked challenge, (b) managing competing requirements for ease-of-use versus meaningful learning and engagement, (c) making playful connections between play and work, (d) the subtle impact of player point of view, and (e) designing for our target demographic of young male gamers.
The Unspace Case: Developing a Maker Movement in a Multipurpose, Flexible Space, Library Setting
Authors: Shepherd Craig , Kvenild Cassandra , Smith Shannon M. , Buss Alan
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the ongoing design, development, and implementation of a K-16 maker movement centered around a joint public school/university library whose minimal dedicated space has expanded opportunities for public participation, partnerships, and shared resources. As the library sought to circulate STEM resources for K-9 teachers and students in 2011, University instructors were seeking opportunities for preservice teachers to interact meaningfully with authentic, technology-rich environments. These separate endeavors coalesced over time to form a robust community of various school, university, and public stakeholders focused on mathematics and science learning. Because the space was not bound to a single physical location, proponents were able to leverage various resources, mobile tools, and settings to explore and apply STEM knowledge, construct products, and attract new and returning users. This design case articulates how the maker movement provides curricular programming while maintaining a playful atmosphere that encourages personal exploration regardless of age and ability.