bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Z-Numbers Based Approach to Project Risks Assessment
Authors: Nuriyev A.M.
Published: August 2019

At every phase of the project management process various risks originate owing to occurrence of uncertain events. In this research, we are analyzing potentialities of the Z-numbers in improving the quality of risk assessment. Risk assessment uses probability theory, theory of possibilities, fuzzy approach, Z-number based approach etc. Combined risk measure based on probability and consequence is calculated by applying the disjoint events probability formula or as a product of events. Reliability of relevant information unaccounted in this approach and this circumstance limits the descriptive power of the approach. Suggested by L. Zade a bi-component Z-number Z = (A, B) represents in a unified way a restriction on the values of the uncertain variable (A) and its certainty (B) and allows to take into account the reliability of information. Prediction identical to (High, Very Sure) can be formalized as a Z- evaluation “X is Z (A,B)”, where X is random variable of Risk Likelihood, A and B are fuzzy sets, describing soft constraints on a risk likelihood and a partial reliability, respectively. Usually, A and B are sense-based and in effect are imprecise.Z-number describes a probability of threat as: Likelihood =Z1(High,Very Sure),where A is expressed by linguistic terms High, Medium, Low, and B is expressed by terms Very Sure, Sure and so on. Similarly, Сonsequence measure is described as Сonsequence measure = Z2 (Low, Sure).Risk levels (Z12) is calculated as the product of the likelihood (Z1) and consequence measures (Z2).Effectiveness of the approach illustrated by examples. A general and computationally effective approach suggested to computation with Z-numbers allows using Z-information for the solving decision-making problem which can be utilized for risk factors estimation.. Application of the Z-number based approach for a project risks assessment increases adequacy of the risks representation due to better approximation of the combined effects
Language Development Through Drama in Preschoolers
Authors: Kryeziu Sindorela Doli
Published: August 2019

The child develops as a whole, in all developmental areas. The overestimation or underestimation of any field is a mistake because the child does not develop once in the physical aspect, then emotional, intellectual, and so on. Therefore, the division between the fields is also largely formal. Just as the child's development is thorough, specific areas of development must also be seen as part of a whole, the effectiveness of which depends largely on the level of integration between them. One of the most important infrastructures of today's society of information is education, the main purpose of which is the preparation of creative and innovative people. Education has developed an integrated approach to early childhood education, which naturally combines the process of education, health care, education, child play, artistic education and professional care to their development. In this context, important steps were taken regarding preschool education such as in designing methods for pre-school education, drafting general standards of pre-school education and pre-school curricula / preparatory classes. In order to have a genuine linguistic development an important step is artistic education, which includes a wide range of activities. In this field are summarized all the activities that enable the child to communicate through visual presentation, musical sound, dramatic expression, audiovisual means, etc. Artistic education introduces children with elements of art, entertains and offers them opportunities to develop artistic "gift". Fields of art, which traditionally take place in the activities of preparatory classes, are music, applied art, graphics and drawing. An important place in artistic education has won the theater activity and mass media. Therefore, we will deal in our paper with their language development through drama.
Project Implementation Factors and Performance of Jua-kali Empowerment Programmes in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Njue Nicasio Gicovi , Mulwa Angeline Sabina , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine how project implementation factors (provision of work-space facility, entrepreneurship training and promotion of products) influence the performance of Jua-kali Empowerment Programmes (JEP) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was rooted upon theory of constraints and system theory of organization. Both descriptive and correlational survey designs were used in executing the research inquiry. The targeted population was 327 beneficiaries of the JEP in Nairobi County. Using Krejcie and Morgan formula, a sample of 181 beneficiaries was selected. Both simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used to choose the sample elements. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires and informant interview guide. Descriptive statistics like percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics regression analysis was used in data analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test relationship between variables and regression analysis was applied in predicting the research model. The reliability of questionnaires was ascertained by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient of reliability (at 0.6668). Fisher (F) tested the research hypothesis at α=0.05 whereby, R= 0.563, R2= 0.317, F (1,145) =5.192 at P=0.000-0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected as there was enough evidence to conclude that project implementation factors have significant influence on the performance of Jua-kali Empowerment Programmes. Hence recommendations were made to the implementors of Jua-kali empowerment programmes to ensure that the programmes are not only need based but also implemented in an integrated and coordinated approaches for effective realization of projected deliverables.
The Concept of Trust in Socio-Economic Life
Authors: Özen Ercan
Published: August 2019

The concept of trust is considered as a psychological and sociological phenomenon. Numerous theories have been developed to achieve economic development and to increase the level of welfare. The theories have not always revealed the expected results due to ignoring human behavior. Behavioral models addressing human behavior have gained importance in recent years. Thus, it was seen that emotions and thoughts were effective in creating different economic decisions. One of the factors affecting decisions is also trust. The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of the concept of trust on socio-economic life with different perspectives. When the literature is examined; There are concepts such as (i) social trust and (ii) economic trust. These concepts are related closely with some topics such as marketing and business, finance and economics. Some positive results are expected from the climate of trust. (i) With the establishment of appropriate communication between individuals, some social problems and their costs are reduced. (ii) The development of business-customer relations is beneficial for both sides. (iii) With the positive relations between fund providers and fund seekers in financial markets, financial institutions work more effectively and the markets grow. (iv) Financial growth also triggers economic growth and development. (v) Economic trust, as a measure of future assessments, increases economic activities. The study collectively evaluates the effect of the concept of trust in different areas. The findings show what kind of legal arrangements should be made by policy makers in different areas in order to increase the trust of people.
Fiduciary Transfer of Ownership in Order to Secure the Satisfaction of Claim to Contemporary Right - Proposal De Le Lege Ferenda
Authors: Salihu Ekrem
Published: August 2019

Fiduciary transfer of ownership in order to secure the claim satisfaction represents the form of non-possessory securing of claim satisfaction, which is experiencing the Renaissance in the transition countries and in the contemporary right. This form of non-possessory pledge right is not regulated by law in our own right, nor does it enjoy legal protection. Fiduciary transfer of property on the contemporary right and legal circulation is experiencing affirmation because of the essential advantages in relation to the real means of securing the claim satisfaction. The most important advantage of fiduciary agreements in relation to the pledge (mortgage) is the efficiency of the fulfilment of the claims, because there are no extensively long court proceedings in this institution. In addition to the fiduciary agreement, unlike the pledge right, the object that is subject to the fiduciary agreement, the debtor may keep such property under possession and may use it for the fulfilment of the obligations towards the creditor, thus offering practical benefits to the debtor itself. In the Republic of Kosovo, fiduciary agreements and fiduciary transfer of ownership are not regulated at positive rates. The author of this paper is committed to regulate this legal institute with positive provisions, i.e. the issuance of a special law for this institute, or the same to be included in the new Civil Code of Kosovo, as it is about an institute which has been applied for a long time by countries of the continental system and is experiencing renaissance also in the countries of the region (Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia). The regulation of this institute with positive provisions would have a positive effect on legal circulation and faster economic development in Kosovo. At the same time, regulation of this institute with positive provisions would enable alignment and approximation of the Kosovo legislation with the European Union legislation. In this paper we will present the reasons why this institute should be regulated by special law or incorporated in the new Civil Code of Kosovo. However, despite the fact that local positive provisions do not particularly regulate the fiduciary transfer of ownership institution in order to secure the satisfaction of claim, nevertheless, this institute is not entirely excluded. Thus, the Law on Obligational Relationship of the Republic of Kosovo, in Article 429 provides for the ceding in order to secure "Where ceding is made in order to secure the claim satisfaction of the concessionaire against the cedant, the concessionary is obliged to behave with the care of a good economist, namely of a good housekeeper on the collection of ceded application and after the collection is completed, after keeping as much as it is needed to meet its demands against the cedant, shall hand him over the surplus.
Introduction to the Core Concepts of Christian Psychotherapy
Authors: Ilievski Prof. Naum , Ilievska Angelina
Published: August 2019

Christian psychotherapy comes out of the two-thousand year long spiritual practice in Christianity. Its core is based upon the foundations of Christian anthropology, which defines and focuses on the human soul. The purpose of this paper is to establish Christian psychotherapy as a contemporary theory of personality development, with its own method that enables personality development and growth to a complete spiritual self-actualization and self-realization. Christian psychotherapy opens a new perspective towards man’s psychological and spiritual functioning; a new dynamic model is offered for his inner functioning – not only at a psychological, but also at a spiritual level – which is useful and practically applicable with the other trends in psychotherapy. Via a descriptive method, the basic concepts are defined: (1) Stages of spiritual development; (2) A comparative parallel between the stages of spiritual development and the stages of spiritual and mental disorders with clinical psychopathological entities; (3) Primary and secondary function of the mind; (4) The FCP method (systematized by the author), which has a central role, and the client-therapist relationship; The systematization of the spiritual development of personality is found only within the frames of Christian psychotherapy; this type of systematization of the spiritual development – including a parallel comparison with the three stages of spiritual and mental disorders – has been introduced for the first time.
Integrity Advisors and the Development of Administrative Communication Culture
Authors: Hohmann Balázs J.D.
Published: August 2019

The integrity advisers are the central actors of integrity management systems of the administrative organizational structure, whose main task is to promote the implementation of the integrity approach within state administration institutions. As a complementary part of this task, we can separate the tasks of corruption prevention and the improvement of organizational integrity, of which the latter being discussed in more detail in this research and presentation. Integrity advisers play a key role in the development of organizational culture among public administration bodies, such as bodies exercising administrative authority. Looking at the topic more closely, with regard to the activities of integrity advisers, it can be clearly established that one of the engines of their operation is the proper and deep communication, which is not only necessary within the public administration and inter-agency transactions, but it also means communication activities that can be interpreted in the relationship between the public and clients. Equally important is their training and other activities aimed at developing staff awareness, relationships, situation assessment and action practices, which, in addition to and in part within public service training, provide an opportunity to shape organizational culture. The presentation and the paper aims to show the role of integrity advisors in developing organizational culture and transparency in the administration based on recent research experience about online presence of integrity advisors and in-depth interview surveys.
National Vocational Qualifications in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Slovenia
Authors: Rok Marija
Published: August 2019

Hardly anybody would agree that the labour market satisfactorily meets the needs of the tourism and hospitality industry (THI). The THI worldwide faces the shortage of skilled labour force and the Slovenian THI is no exception. The problem persists in spite of various recruitment measures of employers, e.g. engaging migrant workforce, student work, black market, etc. The first aim of the paper was to explore the workforce needs of the THI with an emphasis on its unmet demands. The desk research revealed the mismatch between the supply and demand of the workforce on lower levels. Since the system of the National vocational qualifications (NVQ) is presumed beneficial for deficiencies of the labour market the second aim of the article was to explore the current state of the NVQ system in Slovenia and the selection of the existing NVQs in the THI in order to find out whether the number and structure of awarded NVQ certificates improved structural imbalances on the TH labour market. The author came to the conclusion that all forms of lifelong learning might contribute to improve the qualification structure of the labour force in the country provided that the employers overcome their distrust of the credibility and quality of the NVQs.
A Mapping of Actors Gender Disgrated Data and Information Programs and Projects and Rural Development Projects in Iraq
Authors: Al-Rikabi Husham Qasim Saudi
Published: August 2019

Poverty and hunger are considered social and economic pests for Iraqi households in urban and rural.Most of rural people do not educate their girls or make them leave school which is known as education leak, The absence of respect women culture because of traditions and hereditary norms in rural has a negative reflects on women channel that lead to unequally between man and women in rural and urban.This paper seeks to highlight the gender data available and the ongoing programs of different stakeholders committed to the advancement of the conditions of Iraqi women living in rural contexts, also includes a thorough review of literature to shed light on the data available, gaps in data, and the hindrances behind lack of data. The paper highlights major activities delivered by ministries and institutions of the Iraqi government, and other stakeholders’ interventions, such as NGOs, International Organizations and agencies.Analyze the information gathered in the attempt to transfer those information in an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats concerning the increased availability of sex disaggregated data and gender in rural contexts. The paper recommended implementing Capacity building programs for stakeholders, on gender issues and on how to mainstream gender at the various stages. Women’s increased access to educational and training opportunities not only increases their participation in the labor force but also expands the range of occupational options available in the market. The vulnerability of poor women in Iraq is closely linked to illiteracy and low levels of education. Thus, adult literacy programmes must form part of gender mainstreaming efforts; there is a need to create awareness for women and men to venture in the ‘nontraditional’ and stereotyped careers; make use of media to enhance women’s role in peace building. Media continues to dominate as a powerful messaging tool in the post conflict environment. Engaging men and women in media.
In the Steps of Operetta: Austrian Cinema’s Relation to History
Authors: Bono Francesco
Published: August 2019

This essay intends to investigate some aspects of the multifaceted relationship between the Viennese operetta and Austrian film in the period from the 1930s to the 1950s. In particular, the essay will try to trace the influence of the operetta on the way in which Austrian films depicted the country’s history. Focusing on some of the most popular Austrian films of the period, including Willi Forst’s Operette (1940), Wiener Blut (1942) and Wiener Mädeln (1944-49), as well as Ernst Marischka’s trilogy from the late 1950s about the Austrian empress “Sissi”, the essay will critically discuss Austrian cinema’s penchant for the past, investigating the affinity of the Austrian (musical) film to the Viennese operetta, which served as its ideological and aesthetic model. In its affection for the past, Austrian cinema followed in the steps of the Viennese operetta. In contrast with the Hollywood musical genre or German musical films like Die Drei von der Tankstelle (1930) or Hallo Janine (1939), to mention just two of the most famous ones from the pre-war era, history was a key component of the Austrian Musikfilm. In Austria, the musical film overlapped with the historical genre, and it strongly influenced the country’s memory of its past. By investigating the connection between the Viennese operetta and Austrian cinema, this essay aims to provide a better understanding of Austrian films in the cultural, political and historical context in which they saw the light of day.
Positive Impact of Computer Conferencing in Distance Education
Authors: Adeyeye Gbenga Michael
Published: August 2019

A number of studies have examined the dynamics and style of communication adopted in computer conferencing in distance education (Mason, 1993). Computer conferencing by higher education institutions offering distance education courses has expanded rapidly since 1987. Lately computer conferencing has developed in fame as a vehicle of distance education. While protecting the opportunity related with asynchronous communication and giving wide access to low-end innovation users, computer conferencing enables students and instructors to take part in group learning and associate 'many-to-many' (Harasim, 1989). Much has already been written on the subject of computer conferencing in support of educational processes, in particular distance education (DE). Using unstructured interviews and observations at adult students' homes or worksites, the study investigated adult student perspectives of distance study by computer conferencing. The focal finding of this investigation was that computer conferencing can bolster a scope of learning situations, from teacher-led symposium to symposium to a student-centered community workshop. In addition, adults actively engaged in social relationships outside their distance studies which sustain their educational pursuits. The students provided insights into aspects of the on‐line environment: as synchronicity, interactivity, textual communications, and collaboration.
New Legal Solutions in the Hungarian Criminal Law with Reference to the Fight against theIrregular Migration
Authors: Bartko Robert
Published: August 2019

International migration has intensified during the last two decades. Europe has been receiving increasingnumber of migrants from the developing countries (primarily from the Near-East). The number of the irregularmigrants entered the European Union reached unprecedented levels in the last four years. The mentionedphenomenon affected the European Union and the Member States as well. The irregular migration is definedand managed in different ways by the Member States. In 2015, when Hungary was in the centre of the migratoryflow, a political decision on taking the necessary criminal measures to stop the irregular migrants was made bythe Hungarian Government. The legal response concerned widely the Hungarian legal system. In the centre ofthe amendment were the criminal law and the criminal procedure law. Within the frame of the mentioned decisionthe Hungarian Criminal Code was amended with three new crimes which are the followings: damaging theborder barrier, unlawful crossing the border barrier and obstruction of the construction work on border barrier.The above-mentioned amendment modified the general section of the Criminal Code as well concerning theirregular migration. The aim of the paper is to present on the one hand the solution of the Hungarian criminallaw with special reference to the new statutory definitions using the analytical method and on the other hand thedata of the Hungarian criminal-statistics as well. However, it shall be underlined that in our paper we could workonly with the official criminal-statistics for 2015-2017 because until the finishing of our study the UnifiedHungarian Criminal Statistic of the Investigation Authorities and Prosecution did notsummarize yet the data concerns the year of 2018.
Industry Leader Premium
Authors: Kim Ja Ryong
Published: August 2019

The advantage of becoming an industry leader is widely studied. However, how can we measure it? This paper measures how much premium an industry leader has in its valuation through a P/E ratio. The findings suggest industry leaders have significantly higher P/E ratios by 0.65 than their peers. The analysis of earnings forecasts suggests this is not due to their high earnings growth potentials but from other sources. However, in stock recommendations, the premium is not recognised by analysts but interpreted as the sign of over-valuation. The paper contributes the new structure of a P/E ratio by identifying the industry leader premium.
A Ruthenium(II) Complex Containing a Redox-Active Semiquinonate Ligand as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent: From Synthesis to In Vivo Studies
Authors: Notaro Anna , Frei Angelo , Rubbiani Riccardo , Jakubaszek Marta , Basu Uttara , Koch Severin , Mari Cristina , Dotou Mazzarine , Blacque Olivier , Gouyon Jérémie , Bedioui Fethi , Rotthowe Nils , Winter Rainer F. , Goud Bruno , Ferrari Stefano , Tharaud Mickaël , Řezáčová Martina , Humajová Jana , Tomšík Pavel , Gasser Gilles
Published: August 2019

Chemotherapy remains one of the dominant treatments to cure cancer. However, due to the many inherent drawbacks, there is a surge for new chemotherapeutic drugs. More specifically, the discovery of new drug candidates able to overcome severe side effects, the occurrence of resistance and the inefficacy toward metastatic tumours is highly desirable. In this work, we designed a new chemotherapeutic drug candidate against cancer, namely [Ru(DIP)2(sq)]PF6 (Ru-sq) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; sq = semiquinonate ligand). The aim was to combine the great potential expressed by Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes and the singular redox and biological properties associated to the catecholate moiety. Several pieces of experimental evidence (e.g., X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemistry) demonstrate that the semiquinonate is the preferred oxidation state of the dioxo ligand in this complex. The biological activity of Ru-sq was then scrutinised in vitro and in vivo, and the results highlight the tremendous potential of this complex as a chemotherapeutic agent against cancer. Ru-sq was notably found have a much higher cytotoxic activity than cisplatin on several cell lines (i.e. in the nanomolar range), and, contrary to cisplatin, to have mitochondrial disfunction as one of its modes of action. The multicellular targets of Ru-sq could potentially be the key to overcome one of the main drawbacks of cisplatin i.e. the occurrence of resistance. Moreover, Ru-sq exhibited impressing activity on Multi Cellular Tumour Spheroids (MCTS) model, leading to a growth inhibition of the tumour even 13 days after treatment (20 μM). Very importantly, using two different in vivo models, it could be demonstrated that this compound is extremely well-tolerated by mice and has a very promising activity, curing, in some cases, tumour-bearing mice.
Rh Methylidenes from Redox Cascade Activation of Chloroalkanes
Authors: Morrow Travis J. , Gipper Jordan , Christman William E. , Arulsamy Navamoney , Hulley Elliott
Published: August 2019

Oxidative addition of carbon-halogen bonds at transition metals typically follow either a two-electron pathway (concerted M-R/M-X formation) or a radical chain pathway (stepwise M-R/M-X formation). When the reactive metal species is generated slowly, however, both mechanisms can compete to yield unexpected reactivity paths. The present report highlights the synthesis of rhodium methylidenes from chloroalkanes (e.g. CH2Cl2 and CHCl3) at POP-pincer frameworks (e.g. POP = 4,6-bis(di-tert- butylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan) via a cascade of halide abstraction and electron transfer steps. Experimental and computational studies are reported that support the proposed mechanism, including characterization of important reaction intermediates. The overall transformation represents a route towards reactive metal alkylidenes using milder and less-reactive carbenoid precursors than what is presently used.
Resonant Sensor Arrays for Wireless Characterization of Solvated Ions
Authors: charkhabi sadaf , Carr Adam R. , Wu Jiahao , Roy Subhanwit , Beierle Andee M. , Thomas Dustin K. , Neihart Nathan M. , Reuel Nigel F.
Published: August 2019

A low-cost, passive resonant sensor was developed for wireless detection and measurement of ionic compounds. The sensor was fabricated as an open-circuit, Archimedean spiral composed of copper on a flexible, polyimide substrate. The sensor is interrogated by a two-loop antenna connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA) to monitor the scattering parameter response of the sensor when exposed to varying ionic concentrations. The sensor response was defined in terms of the resonant frequency and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the transmission scattering parameter profile (|S21|). Potassium chloride (KCl) solutions with concentrations in the range of 100 nM – 4.58 M were tested on nine resonators having different length and pitch sizes to study the effect of sensor geometry on its response to ion concentration. The resonant sensors demonstrated an ion-specific response, caused by the variations in the relative permittivity of the solution, which was also a function of the resonator geometry. A lumped circuit model, which fit the experimental data well, confirms signal transduction via change in solution permittivity. Also, a ternary ionic mixture (composed of potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4)) response surface was constructed by testing 21 mixture variations on three different sensor geometries and the phase and magnitude of scattering parameters were monitored. It was determined that the orthogonal responses presented by resonant sensor arrays can be used for quantifying levels of target ions in ternary mixtures. Applications of these arrays include measuring the concentration of key ions in bioreactors, human sweat, and agricultural waters.
Air-Stable Hexagonal Bipyramidal Dysprosium(III) Single-Ion Magnets with Nearly Perfect D6h Local Symmetry
Authors: Li Zi-Han , Zhai Yuan-Qi , Chen Wei-Peng , Ding You-Song , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: August 2019

Local eight-coordination of the Dy(III) with D6h symmetry receives much expectation for high-performance single-molecule magnets (SMMs) due to the simultaneous fulfillment of the magnetic axiality and high coordination number (a requisite for the air stability). But the experimental realization is challenging due to the required restriction of six coordination atoms in the equatorial plane of the hexagonal-bipyramid, which is usually too crowded for the central Dy(III) ion. Here we show by using the hexaaza macrocyclic Schiff base ligand and fine-tuning the axial alkoxide/phenol type ligands, a family of hexagonal-bipyramidal Dy(III) complexes, namely [DyIII(L)(Cl)2(H2O/CH3OH)]Cl 1, [DyIII(L)(C6F5O)2(H2O)](BPh4)·2, [DyIII(L)(PhO)2](BPh4) 3, [DyIII(L)(4-MeO-PhO)2](BPh4) 4, [DyIII(L)(naPhO)2](BPh4) 5 and [DyIII(L)(Ph3SiO)2](BPh4) 6 , can be isolated. Among them, complexes 3, 4 and 5 possess nearly perfect D6h local symmetry. Complex 4 shows the highest effective magnetic reversal barrier 1338 K and an open hysteresis temperature 6 K at the field sweeping rate of 1.2 mT/s, which represents a new record for D6h SMMs.
A bioética hermenêutica a partir da hermenêutica crítica de Ricoeur
Authors: Ravagnani Milton , Marchi Neiva De , Marchi Daniel Catto de
Published: August 2019

O pensamento contemporâneo apresenta marcadamente uma transformação dos valores que anteriormente norteavam as relações humanas, e essas mudanças têm ocorrido no âmbitodas convicções éticas e ontológicas do Ocidente. A proposta hermenêutica elaborada por Ricoeur tem se apresentado como a melhor das possibilidades de interpretação dos problemas e discursos singulares que envolvem a experiência humana. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, partiu de uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em diversas bases de dados e a análise da bibliografia levantada foi baseada na hermenêutica crítica de Ricoeur em seu conceito de apreensão do objeto pela dialética da compreensão e interpretação. O exercício hermenêutico na Bioética, ou bioética hermenêutica, possibilita uma reflexão crítica da ação sobre os pressupostos éticos, antropológicos e socioculturais que se referem à saúde, ao meio ambiente e à vida na sociedade atual.
Racismo institucional e os usos de álcool e outras drogas: uma reflexão bioética
Authors: Ribeiro Andréa Leite , Nascimento Wanderson Flor do
Published: August 2019

Reconhecemos que o uso de álcool e outras drogas (AD) é fenômeno constante na história da humanidade. Do mesmo modo, devemos reconhecer que o passado escravagista do Brasil produziu efeitos no modelo organizacional da sociedade, com hierarquização de grupos sociais devido a sua cor, cultura ou origem étnica. A construção social quanto ao negro, no Brasil, no período pós abolição enquanto uma ameaça a sociedade, esta diretamente relacionada com o racismo que os/as negros/as são submetidos ao buscar um serviço de saúde. Ser negro e usuário de drogas, especialmente as ilegais, no Brasil, significa que os processos e procedimentos de saúde destinados a eles por vezes são discriminatórios e negligentes, sendo um problema de saúde pública concernente a reflexão bioética.
Editorial - Pela disseminação de uma bioética ampla, plural e politizada: Anais do VII Congreso Internacional de la Redbioética de UNESCO
Authors: Garrafa Volnei , Monsores Natan , Manchola Camilo
Published: August 2019

A Revista Brasileira de Bioética (RBB), uma publicação da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética (SBB) sob a responsabilidade do Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioética / Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética / Centro Internacional de Bioética e Humanidades (CIBH-VIDA) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), tem como propósito principal contribuir à divulgação da bioética pensada no sul global, dando visibilidade às pesquisas bioéticas produzidas no Brasil, na América Latina e na África.
Bioética de intervenção, direitos humanos e justiça reprodutiva
Authors: Sabô Beatriz , Manchola Camilo
Published: August 2019

A luta pelos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos conquistou inúmeros marcos legais nacionais e internacionais nas últimas décadas; entretanto, muito se tem focado em formas de contracepção, invisibilizando questões relacionadas também à concepção. Surgem, diante disso, reivindicações das feministas negras para se pensar no conceito de justiça reprodutiva pontuando que também deve ser respeitada e defendida a escolha pelo ato de conceber, pela maternidade e pela garantia de vida digna à criança nascida.
De John Rawls a Norman Daniels: a justiça como equidade e a saúde
Authors: Arimatea Gustavo Guilherme Queiroz , Santos Kênia Amaral Duarte dos , Ramirez Julie Catama
Published: August 2019

A bioética tange a saúde pública na medida em que a relação médico-paciente, ou seja, dos prestadores de serviços em saúde e os consumidores deste serviço, tornou-se mais complexa. Além das questões de autonomia e respeito ao indivíduo, entraram em cena, juntamente com o Estado, novas formas de organização, como as comunidades e organizações não governamentais. Surgiram novos conflitos morais acerca dos custos de prevenção, diagnóstico, terapias e, consequentemente, as políticas públicas se tornaram atividades sociais cada vez mais relevantes para a coletividade (1). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre a teoria de justiça, criada por John Rawls, e a abordagem de justiça como equidade, desenvolvida por Norman Daniels a partir daquela teoria, inserindo questões de saúde no escopo da justiça social. Rawls desenvolveu uma teoria chamada Justiça como equidade, sendo atribuído a ele o mérito de ter feito renascer o interesse na filosofia política no último século.
O impacto do menor dependente químico no Município de Uberaba
Authors: Silveira Elisa Kiosz da , Santos Sávio Gonçalves dos
Published: August 2019

A constante busca pela proteção dos direitos e garantias fundamentais das crianças e adolescentes, dando a eles oportunidades para que cresçam e se desenvolvam plenamente, remete à discussões sobre as políticas públicas que efetivam esses direitos.Tais políticas, não estão apenas em legislações específicas, mas estão contidas no Principio basilar da Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil, de 1988: Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. Dentro desse panorama situa-se o objeto da presente pesquisa que, em linhas gerais, quer sobrelevar a condição de vulnerabilidade dos menores dependentes químicos. A falta de políticas públicas efetivas, direcionada a estes menores, impacta profundamente no desenvolvimento social e na saúde pública do município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A abordagem em pauta é traduzida através de revisão bibliográfica, onde são analisados livros, artigos, legislações, bem como informações de domínio público da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberaba. A análise se fará a partir do método dialético, fundado nos princípios bioéticos latino-americanos e referenciais jurídicos vigentes.
Desafios Relacionados ao Fim da Vida Humana: Apontamentos Acerca da Bioética Clínica
Authors: Bastos Fernanda Da Silveira , Araújo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira de
Published: August 2019

A medicina em seu processo de afirmação enquanto ciência se legitima como tal ao promover e desenvolver técnicas que partilham um objetivo específico; o prolongamento da vida. Com o avanço da medicina e dos hospitais, a morte deixa de ser um evento público e se torna algo distante e mesmo “sujo”, que precisa passar despercebido, escondido e solitário em um leito de hospital. Mais especificamente as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), revestidas com uma arquitetura específica, investidas com tecnologias duras e disponibilizando profissionais competentes e exigentes, se configuraram em um espaço quase hierárquico, por assim dizer, do nível mais alto de oferta de recursos humanos e tecnológicos para o cuidado do paciente crítico. Na maioria das vezes, são nesses espaços que se encontram muitos pacientes que enfrentam situações de terminalidade.
Problemas de saúde relacionados à exposição ao amianto: questões ambientais e bioéticas
Authors: Zaitune Maria Paula Do Amaral , Alves Wigor Da Silva , Ramalho Veridiana Silva , Silva Laisa Morais da , Basilio Samuel Sabino , Silva Rebeca Cristine Campos , Monsores Natan
Published: August 2019

A exposição ao amianto tem sido identificada como determinante para algumas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis graves, especialmente para o câncer de pulmão e de pleura, entre outros e se apresentam com alta letalidade e curta sobrevida. A inalação ou ingestão de fibras de amianto afeta, principalmente, trabalhadores que manuseiam diretamente o mineral, mas não se restringe a este grupo, afetando suas famílias e qualquer consumidor dos produtos derivados do amianto. Os efeitos à saúde humana podem variar e se fazem sentir de acordo com a duração, a frequência e intensidade da exposição. Prejuízos também são encontrados no ambiente, causados pela extração do mineral e pelo seu beneficiamento principalmente em indústrias automobilística e de fibrocimento, que resultam em contaminação química ambiental. Este complexo quadro tem impacto sobre os serviços de saúde próximos às minas e, indiretamente, sobre todo o Sistema Único de Saúde.
Contradição da magnitude constitucional abstrata dos direitos sociais com sua materialização
Authors: Costa Tânia Mara Borges da , Bussiguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: August 2019

No Brasil Direitos Fundamentais são Cláusulas Pétreas, possuem poder de óbice à proposta de Emenda Constitucional (§ 4º do art. 60 da CF/88) e, essenciais à Dignidade Humana, um dos Fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito. Neste sentido, o objetivo aqui é refletir sobre a contradição entre a magnitude constitucional abstrata dos Direitos Sociais com sua materialização efetiva, sob método dialético qualitativo documental.
Carroceiros e metrópoles no século XXI
Authors: Costa Tânia Mara Borges da , Bussiguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: August 2019

Toda forma de vida é única e merece ser respeitada, qualquer que seja a sua utilidade para o homem, e, com a finalidade de reconhecer aos outros organismos vivos este direito, o homem deve se guiar por um código moral de ação (ONU-RESOLUÇÃO 37/82). Sob esta lente De Souza Abreu e Bussinguer (2013) analisam que o pensamento holístico é pautado na ideia de meio ambiente como sistema integrado único. Neste sentido, o objetivo aqui é refletir sobre a categoria dos Carroceiros e seus reflexos sócio-ambientais, nas grandes cidades. O método utilizado é o dialético qualitativo documental, com dados extraídos da municipalidade de Vila Velha/ES.
Seguridad del paciente y bioética: una discusión sobre la cultura de la organización en salud
Authors: Façanha Telma Rejane dos Santos , Araujo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira de
Published: August 2019

En 1999, el Instituto de Medicina de Estados Unidos publicó un informe titulado To Err is Humam: Building a Safer Health System, en el que se divulgaron recomendaciones significativas sobre seguridad del paciente. Progresivamente, las premisas difundidas en este documento orientaron estudios teóricos y empíricos en varias áreas de la salud. Considerando por tanto la relevancia científica, social y profesional del tema, se emprendió una revisión crítica de la literatura de 2010 a 2018.
La insuficiencia de los códigos deontológicos brasileños
Authors: Façanha Telma Rejane dos Santos , Garrafa Volnei
Published: August 2019

Los códigos éticos pueden ser vistos como "marcas de una profesión" o como señales de que un grupo se organiza, reivindicando autoridad epistémica y moral, definiendo sus fronteras y por tanto sus relaciones con otros grupos, señalando una autorregulación, y declarando tanto lo que esa profesión cree que debe a los demás y lo que a su vez le es debido. De otro modo, los códigos son a menudo autógenos y exclusivos y pueden ser ciegos a las dimensiones sociales y políticas de la práctica profesional, ya que concentran más esfuerzos en el mantenimiento de los intereses de la profesión que en los intereses generales de la sociedad. Por tanto, es tiempo de que los códigos de ética profesional brasileños tengan más en cuenta los aspectos socio-políticos de la atención sanitaria, las funciones de todos los profesionales de la salud y la comprensión de que los resultados que los pacientes anhelan, forman parte de complejos sistemas de atención y cuidados.
A interdisciplinaridade nos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa da Região Centro Oeste, Brasil
Authors: Costa Rita De Cássia da , Maluf Fabiano
Published: August 2019

Introdução: o sistema CEP/CONEP integrado pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa e a Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa são colegiados interdisciplinares e independentes, de relevância pública, de caráter consultivo, deliberativo e educativo, criados para defender os interesses dos participantes de pesquisa em sua integridade e dignidade e para contribuir no desenvolvimento de pesquisas dentro de padrões éticos. Segundo a Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, o colegiado deve ser composto por membros de ambos os gêneros, multidisciplinar e multiprofissional, e contar com pelo menos um representante de usuário. Com um total de 829 CEP em atividade no país, observa-se uma prevalência maior de profissionais advindos/oriundos da área da saúde e/ou biomédica, porém os CEP devem contar com membros de diferentes áreas de atuação e carreiras.
Território, patrimônio cultural e bioética: diálogos por uma perspectiva decolonial
Authors: Barros Flora Campos , Tomasini Ana Júlia , David Renata Bernardes
Published: August 2019

Para o Geógrafo Milton Santos, o território é formado na interação de fluxos e fixos, em uma relação entre aspectos físicos, sociais e simbólicos. Nessa perspectiva o território não é isento nas relações de poder, ao contrário, é no espaço e tempo que as situações da vida se desenrolam através do cotidiano, no espaço geográfico de produção e reprodução da vida. Na modernidade, atual fase da globalização, se pretende unificar o discurso, as formas de pensar, ser, vestir, querer e amar, em busca de uma universalidade. Esta unificação se dá a partir de um discurso capitalista com padrão eurocêntrico, que considera os países ditos desenvolvidos como espelhos para todos os outros, negando ou não considerando as especificidades socioterritoriais, pretendendo nos universalizar e nos tornar mais vendáveis ao mercado, mas sempre nos separando enquanto seres sociais em nossas diferenças.
Integridad Científica: elemento esencial en ciencia, publicación e investigación
Authors: Sánchez–Alfaro Luis Alberto
Published: August 2019

Introducción: en general, el conocimiento científico generado tanto en ciencias físico-naturales, primordialmente de carácter positivista, como en ciencias humanas y sociales, principalmente de carácter comprensivas y críticas o transformadoras, parte de unos esquemas formales que constituyen un ciclo inacabado de creatividad, búsqueda de respuestas y planteamiento de nuevas preguntas, constituyéndose en esencia y motor para el progreso científico. Al conocer los diferentes fraudes en diversas publicaciones, consecuencias dañinas a la sociedad o conflictos de interés por diversa índole, surge la pregunta: ¿es suficiente con cumplir y entender el modo cómo opera este ciclo en la investigación?
Desenvolvimento humano e bioético: concretizando princípios de direitos humanos
Authors: Garbim Ana L. O. , Marchetto P. B.
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho busca uma reflexão abordando o surgimento e o papel da bioética enquanto estratégia de garantia de Direitos Humanos face aos horrores da guerra e as experimentações científicas com humanos ao longo do último século e não apenas como instrumento utilizado para estabilizar ou regular as relações médico-paciente. Tem-se como proposta a reflexão, quanto à imposição de limites com a introdução dos princípios da autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça e, se reforçam a construção principiológica voltada para a realidade da vulnerabilidade humana, considerando a frequência e rotina em que Direitos Humanos são violados, a partir dessa construção contemporânea que temos de Direito. Observam-se violações regulares e frequentes a direitos básicos quando, esses grupos em condição de vulnerabilidade, nas suas variadas dimensões, não apenas econômicas, deixam de ter acesso à saúde ou às novas tecnologias introduzidas pelas pesquisas.
Desospitalização e cuidados paliativos domiciliares no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro
Authors: Wiegand Barbara B. , Meirelles J. M. L.
Published: August 2019

A abordagem dos cuidados paliativos cresce no Brasil, à medida em que as discussões sociais sobre o assunto fim de vida se tornam mais efetivas. Dessa forma, os serviços de atenção domiciliar são oferecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), ao levar atendimento de equipes multiprofissionais para continuidade dos cuidados hospitalares na residência do paciente, de forma integrada com a Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Método: a pesquisa proposta tem como fundamento a análise das políticas públicas brasileiras voltadas para a atenção domiciliar e cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de revisão de Portarias do Ministério da Saúde, programas do governo e outras normas que regulamentem o assunto.
Autonomia do paciente, o exercício da liberdade de escolha no Direito à Saúde
Authors: Liporaci Bruno De Paula Checchia , Santos Ronildo Alves dos , Magrini Daniel Fernando
Published: August 2019

A autonomia do paciente é a capacidade que cada ser individual tem em sua autodeterminação, nas escolhas próprias de sua vida, conforme a sua convicção. Muitos fatores tendem a influenciar esta escolha, mas percebe que um indivíduo verdadeiramente autônomo é aquele capaz de realizar a tomada de decisão por si só, conforme a sua escolha autônoma. Aplicada à saúde, a autonomia implica no querer ou não querer um tipo de tratamento médico. Um exemplo é o de pacientes testemunhas de Jeová, que não podem realizar alguns tipos de tratamento, como as transfusões de sangue e em pacientes terminais. O Direito à Saúde se faz com estruturas específicas diversas, entre elas a própria medicina e o Direito, cujas estruturas devem ser concordadas para o desenvolvimento benéfico de ambas as partes. Os Direitos humanos pregoam nas questões exclusivas da existência humana, a observação da pessoa física, portadora de direitos naturais e preservativos de sua integridade física-humana, plural sem distinção de qualquer ordem, seja social, moral, econômico, racial entre outras.
Os limites da tecnologia na prática médica segundo os princípios da bioética e da ética médica
Authors: SILVA Ana Luiza Antony Gomes de Matos da Costa , Sousa Kamila Catta Preta Carneiro de , Pereira Gabriela Strini , Araujo Ana Carolina Souza Sisnando de , Ribeiro Leonardo Melo Name , Andrade Isabella Gonçalves , Vieira Thiago De Lima Vaz
Published: August 2019

A bioética surgiu com o intuito de orientar médicos e cientistas na elaboração, manuseio e gestão de recursos para que o rumo das pesquisas, seja centrado no ser humano e na benevolência. Considerando que o papel da bioética em estabelecer uma relação entre a integridade e o estudo das biociências, o avanço científico, mesmo que visando a melhora da medicina, não pode ultrapassar o horizonte da dignidade humana. O discernimento médico das questões éticas, vai além de apenas um livro de normas que guiam os procedimentos, assimila o respeito ao ser humano e ao seu convívio social, lembrando da essência de liberdade que é um direito das pessoas, sendo então indispensável a responsabilidade ética.