bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative seasonality of phytoplankton community in two contrasting temperate estuaries on the western coast of Korea
Authors: Kim Dongyoung , Sung Je Won , Kim Tae-Hoon , Cho Hyung-Mi , Kim Jeonghyun , Park Hyun Je
Published: October 2023

In estuaries, freshwater discharge functions as a regulator of physicochemical and biological properties. We assessed the seasonal variability of the phytoplankton community in response to hydrological features and nutrient dynamics in two contrasting estuaries in the presence and absence of a dam on the western coast of Korea. Diversity and evenness were also evaluated through chemotaxonomic analysis. Seasonal and inter-estuarine comparisons revealed the overall predominance of diatoms in all seasons and the differentiated composition of small phytoplankton populations in each estuary, which was mainly characterized by significant contribution of cryptophytes in the continuously flushed estuary in contrast to the seasonal occurrence of pelagophytes and cyanobacteria in the intermittently perturbed estuary. Our one-way analysis of similarity and similarity percentage analysis showed obvious inter-estuarine discrepancy of the phytoplankton community in winter in relation to the high dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration in the natural estuary, implying that the impact of freshwater inflow on the phenological response of phytoplankton can be maximized during active seawater intrusion in dry seasons in the prevalence of freshwater and seawater in the estuary. The contribution swing of diatoms and cryptophytes during the study period reflects the seasonal variability in nutrient dynamics, including absolute concentrations and stoichiometric ratios, which is especially associated with P-limitation on the western coast of Korea. The occurrence of cyanobacteria with a summer peak of phytoplankton biomass in the dammed estuary during the study period indicates the role of an estuarine dam as a conduit transporting phytoplankton and dissolved inorganic nutrients. These findings further suggest that the phytoplankton community structure, differentiated by the presence and absence of dams, influences bottom-up regulation and thus the food web structure in estuaries.
The type-2 Streptococcus canis M protein SCM-2 binds fibrinogen and facilitates antiphagocytic properties
Authors: Lapschies Antje-Maria , Aubry Etienne , Kohler Thomas P. , Goldmann Oliver , Hammerschmidt Sven , Nerlich Andreas , Eichhorn Inga , van Vorst Kira , Fulde Marcus
Published: October 2023

Streptococcus canisis a zoonotic agent that causes severe invasive diseases in domestic animals and humans, but little is known about its pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms so far. SCM, the M-like protein expressed byS. canis, is considered one of the major virulence determinants. Here, we report on the two distinct groups of SCM. SCM-1 proteins were already described to interact with its ligands IgG and plasminogen as well as with itself and confer antiphagocytic capability of SCM-1 expressing bacterial isolates. In contrast, the function of SCM-2 type remained unclear to date. Using whole-genome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics, FACS analysis, fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, we demonstrate that, although different in amino acid sequence, a selection of diverse SCM-2-typeS. canisisolates, phylogenetically representing the full breadth of SCM-2 sequences, were able to bind fibrinogen. Using targeted mutagenesis of an SCM-2 isolate, we further demonstrated that this strain was significantly less able to survive in canine blood. With respect to similar studies showing a correlation between fibrinogen binding and survival in whole blood, we hypothesize that SCM-2 has an important contribution to the pathogenesis ofS. canisin the host.
A unique dual acyltransferase system shared in the polyketide chain initiation of kidamycinone and rubiflavinone biosynthesis
Authors: Heo Kyung Taek , Lee Byeongsan , Hwang Gwi Ja , Park Beomcheol , Jang Jun-Pil , Hwang Bang Yeon , Jang Jae-Hyuk , Hong Young-Soo
Published: October 2023

The pluramycin family of natural products has diverse substituents at the C2 position, which are closely related to their biological activity. Therefore, it is important to understand the biosynthesis of C2 substituents. In this study, we describe the biosynthesis of C2 moieties in Streptomyces sp. W2061, which produces kidamycin and rubiflavinone C-1, containing anthrapyran aglycones. Sequence analysis of the loading module (Kid13) of the PKS responsible for the synthesis of these anthrapyran aglycones is useful for confirming the incorporation of atypical primer units into the corresponding products. Kid13 is a ketosynthase-like decarboxylase (KSQ)-type loading module with unusual dual acyltransferase (AT) domains (AT1-1 and AT1-2). The AT1-2 domain primarily loads ethylmalonyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA for rubiflavinone and kidamycinone and rubiflavinone, respectively; however, the AT1-1 domain contributed to the functioning of the AT1-2 domain to efficiently load ethylmalonyl-CoA for rubiflavinone. We found that the dual AT system was involved in the production of kidamycinone, an aglycone of kidamycin, and rubiflavinone C-1 by other shared biosynthetic genes in Streptomyces sp. W2061. This study broadens our understanding of the incorporation of atypical primer units into polyketide products.
Evidence from a meta-analysis and systematic review reveals the global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Song Wen-xin , Wu Wei-wei , Zhao Yuan-yuan , Xu Hai-lun , Chen Guan-cheng , Jin Shan-yu , Chen Jie , Xian Shao-xiang , Liang Jing-hong
Published: October 2023

Objective

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a preclinical and transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia. The purpose of our study was to investigate the recent pooled global prevalence of MCI.

Methods

This meta-analysis was in line with the recommendations of Cochrane’s Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. We conducted a comprehensive search using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WFD, VIP, and CBM from their inception to March 1, 2023. Quality assessment was guided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist. The pooled global prevalence of MCI was synthesized using meta-analysis via random effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine considered factors potentially associated with MCI prevalence.

Results

We identified 233 studies involving 676,974 individuals aged above 50 years. All the studies rated as moderated-to-high quality. The overall prevalence of MCI was 19.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 18.3–21.1%]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the global prevalence of MCI increased over time, with a significant rise [32.1% (95% CI: 22.6–41.6%)] after 2019. Additionally, MCI prevalence in hospitals [34.0% (95% CI: 22.2–45.7%)] was higher than in nursing homes [22.6% (95% CI: 15.5–29.8%)] and communities [17.9% (95% CI: 16.6–19.2%)], particularly after the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Conclusion

The global prevalence of MCI was 19.7% and mainly correlated with beginning year of survey and sample source. The MCI prevalence increased largely in hospitals after 2019 may be related to the outbreak of COVID-19. Further attention to MCI is necessary in the future to inform allocation of health resources for at-risk populations.
Plasma D-dimer levels are a biomarker for in-hospital complications and long-term mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chen Xinli , Wang Xiaohua , Liu Yingchao , Guo Xiumei , Wu Fan , Yang Yushen , Hu Weipeng , Zheng Feng , He Hefan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide. D-dimer levels, commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, may be associated with adverse events in patients with TBI. However, the relationship between D-dimer levels, TBI-related in-hospital complications, and long-term mortality in patients with TBI has not been investigated. Here, examined whether elevated D-dimer levels facilitate the prediction of in-hospital complications and mortality in patients with TBI.

Methods

Overall, 1,338 patients with TBI admitted to our institute between January 2016 and June 2022 were retrospectively examined. D-dimer levels were assessed within 24 h of admission, and propensity score matching was used to adjust for baseline characteristics.

Results

Among the in-hospital complications, high D-dimer levels were associated with electrolyte metabolism disorders, pulmonary infections, and intensive care unit admission (p < 0.05). Compared with patients with low (0.00–1.54 mg/L) D-dimer levels, the odds of long-term mortality were significantly higher in all other patients, including those with D-dimer levels between 1.55 mg/L and 6.35 mg/L (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.655, 95% CI 0.9632.843), 6.36 mg/L and 19.99 mg/L (aHR 2.38, 95% CI 1.416–4.000), and >20 mg/L (aHR 3.635, 95% CI 2.195–6.018; p < 0.001). D-dimer levels were positively correlated with the risk of death when the D-dimer level reached 6.82 mg/L.

Conclusion

Overall, elevated D-dimer levels at admission were associated with adverse outcomes and may predict poor prognosis in patients with TBI. Our findings will aid in the acute diagnosis, classification, and management of TBI.
Prediction of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients with feeding intolerance: a prospective observational clinical study
Authors: Lv Guangxuan , Zhang Tao , Wang Luping , Fu Xin , Wang Yucong , Yao Hua , Fang Huang , Xia Xiaoxiao , Yang Jing , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhongwei , Jin Xiaodong , Kang Yan , Cheng Yisong , Wu Qin
Published: October 2023

Background

Prokinetic agents are currently considered the first-line therapy to improve gastric emptying when feeding intolerance occurred in critically ill adults. In this study, we developed a technique to assess the feasibility of predicting prokinetic agent efficacy in critically ill patients.

Methods

The first images of each patient were obtained after EFI had occurred but before the first dose of prokinetic agents was administered and additional images were obtained every morning until the seventh day. The gastric antrum echodensity was recorded based on grayscale values (50th percentile, ED50; 85th percentile, ED85; mean, EDmean) and daily energy and protein intake was collected as the judgment for effective and ineffective group. A receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed to distinguish the thresholds between the two groups and thus determine the ability of the gastric antrum echodensity to predict the efficacy of prokinetic agents.

Results

In total, 83 patients were analyzed. Patients in the ineffective group had a higher ED50 (58.13 ± 14.48 vs. 49.88 ± 13.78, p < 0.001, difference 95% CI: 5.68, 10.82), ED85 (74.81 ± 16.41 vs. 65.70 ± 16.05, p < 0.001, difference 95% CI:6.16, 12.05), and EDmean (60.18 ± 14.31 vs. 51.76 ± 14.08, p < 0.001, difference 95% CI: 5.85, 11.00) than those in the effective group. Patients in the effective group more easily reached the target energy 16.21 ± 7.98 kcal/kg vs. 9.17 ± 6.43 kcal/kg (p < 0.001), 0.72 ± 0.38 g/kg vs. 0.42 ± 0.31 g/kg (p < 0.001) than in the ineffective group intake by day.

Conclusion

The gastric antrum echodensity might serve as a tool for judging the efficacy of prokinetic agents, helping clinicians to decide whether to use prokinetic agents or place a post-pyloric tube when feeding intolerance occurs in critically ill patients.

Clinical trial registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/addproject2.aspx, ChiCTR2200058373. Registered 7 April 2022.
Tumor microbiome analysis provides prognostic value for patients with stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Yu Jongwook , Kim Dong Keon , Lee Seunghun , Lee Seung Hyun , Ahn Byung Kwon , Kim Tae Il , Park Seun Ja
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Although patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) can receive optimal treatment, the risk of recurrence remains. This study aimed to evaluate whether the tumor microbiome can be a predictor of recurrence in patients with stage III CRC.

Methods

Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the microbiomes of tumor and adjacent tissues acquired during surgery in 65 patients with stage III CRC and evaluated the correlation of the tissue microbiome with CRC recurrence. Additionally, the tumor tissue microbiome data of 71 patients with stage III CRC from another center were used as a validation set.

Results

The microbial diversity and abundance significantly differed between tumor and adjacent tissues. In particular, Streptococcus and Gemella were more abundant in tumor tissue samples than in adjacent tissue samples. The microbial diversity and abundance in tumor and adjacent tissues did not differ according to the presence of recurrence, except for one genus in the validation set. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a recurrence prediction model including tumor tissue microbiome data had a better prediction performance than clinical factors (area under the curve [AUC] 0.846 vs. 0.679, p = 0.009), regardless of sex (male patients: AUC 0.943 vs. 0.818, p = 0.043; female patients: AUC 0.885 vs. 0.590, p = 0.017). When this prediction model was applied to the validation set, it had a higher AUC value than clinical factors in female patients.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the tumor microbiome of patients with CRC be a potential predictor of postoperative disease recurrence.
Assessing real-world implementability of a multimodal group-based tele-prehabilitation program in cancer care: a pragmatic feasibility study
Authors: Piché Alexia , Santa Mina Daniel , Lambert Sylvie , Doré Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Multimodal prehabilitation is intended to optimize a patient’s mental and physical health prior to surgery. Most multimodal prehabilitation interventions are delivered on a one-on-one format, which may limit benefits associated with social interactions that can be achieved in a group context, and are delivered in-person, which may limit the accessibility. The purpose of this study was to develop a group-based, multimodal, tele-prehabilitation intervention for individuals diagnosed with cancer (iACTIF) and assess its implementability in a “real-world” clinical setting by measuring feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and preliminary effects.

Methods

A prospective, single-group, pragmatic feasibility study was conducted with assessments at baseline, pre-surgery, and 12-weeks post-surgery. iACTIF consisted of three 90-min live videoconference sessions per week, including exercise and educational components. Descriptive statistics were used to document feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity indicators. Paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Cohen’s D-test were conducted to assess changes in health-related outcomes.

Results

A total of 25 participants (mean age ± SD= 60.2 ± 14.0) were recruited. The feasibility assessment revealed a low referral rate (31.4%) and a high study retention (98%) and program attendance [session attended/possible session] (70.2%), with a prehabilitation window of 32.7 days (SD= 20.9, median= 28). Acceptability was high (84%–100%) according to satisfaction, utility and safety, delivery modality, and intention to continue physical activity and to recommend iACTIF to a relative. Pre–post-intervention assessments suggest positive changes on physical functional capacity based on the 2-min step test (mean difference= +18.9 steps, p=0.005), the 30-s sit-to-stand (mean difference= +1.1 repetition, p=0.011), and volume of moderate intensity physical activity per week (mean difference= +104.8 min, p<0.001). Fidelity was supported by conformity and coherence, with only minimal adjustments required to meet participants’ needs.

Discussion

iACTIF implementability in a “real-world” clinical setting is promising, and preliminary outcomes suggest moderate benefits on physical health and small increase in mental health indicators.
The role of life satisfaction and living arrangements in the association between chronic disease and depression: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shang Zhao , Liu Yuqing , Xue Dongyu , Zheng Yiping , Li Yueping , Zhang Baoquan , Dai Yue
Published: October 2023

Introduction

For middle-aged and older people, depression is a frequent and prevalent illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating function of living arrangements in the mediating model as well as the mediating role of life satisfaction in the association between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms.

Methods

The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) provided the data for this investigation (2018). Respondents were grouped according to depression status to compare the differences between middle-aged and older people with different depression statuses. The moderating effect of living arrangements and the mediating effect of life satisfaction were tested using the Bootstrap program and the simple slope approach.

Results

The population’s total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.3%. According to the mediating effect research, middle-aged and older people with chronic diseases experienced substantial direct effects on depressive symptoms (β = 1.011, p < 0.001). It has been established that life satisfaction has an 18.6% mediation effect between depressive symptoms and chronic diseases. Regarding the further moderating influence, it was discovered that chronic diseases had a more significant impact on the life satisfaction of middle-aged and older people who are in live alone than those who are living with others (β = 0.037, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In middle-aged and older people, chronic diseases have a major influence on depressive symptoms. Life satisfaction mediated the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, and living arrangements moderated the first part of the route in the mediation model. Therefore, life satisfaction and living arrangements should be important considerations to decrease the prevalence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older people.
The mediating role of attachment and anger: exploring the impact of maternal early-life maltreatment on child abuse potential
Authors: Wuebken Karolina , Bermpohl Felix , Boedeker Katja , Hindi Attar Catherine , Kluczniok Dorothea , Schoofs Nikola , Fuchs Anna , Neukel Corinne , Herpertz Sabine C. , Brunner Romuald , Winter Sibylle Maria , Kaess Michael , Jaite Charlotte , Dittrich Katja
Published: October 2023

Background

Maternal early-life maltreatment (ELM) increases the risk of subsequent child maltreatment, but the underlying mechanisms of these intergenerational effects remain largely unknown. Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventive interventions that can break the cycle of abuse. Notably, previous research has shown that ELM often results in attachment insecurity and altered anger characteristics. Therefore, this study determines whether these characteristics mediate the relationship between maternal history of ELM and child abuse potential.

Methods

The study sample included 254 mothers, of whom 149 had experienced ELM to at least a moderate degree. Maternal ELM was assessed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview. Attachment insecurity, trait anger and anger expression, and maternal abuse potential were assessed using the Vulnerable Attachment Questionnaire (VASQ), State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), respectively.

Results

The severity of maternal ELM predicted higher child abuse potential, with attachment insecurity and anger suppression mediating this effect. Specifically, higher levels of maternal ELM were associated with greater attachment insecurity and increased anger suppression, resulting in a higher child abuse potential. Although higher levels of trait anger were directly associated with higher child abuse potential, this parameter did not mediate the relationship with ELM. In addition, no significant associations were observed between outwardly expressed anger and ELM or child abuse potential. All analyses were adjusted for maternal mental disorders, years of education, and relationship status.

Discussion

Attachment insecurity and anger suppression may serve as pathways linking the maternal history of ELM to the risk of child abuse, even when considering maternal psychopathology. Overall, our findings indicate that interventions aimed at strengthening attachment and improving anger suppression may be beneficial for all mothers with ELM history and high child abuse potential, not just those who suffer from mental illness.
Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from an indigenous reserve in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Laís Albuquerque , de Rezende Izabela Mauricio , Navarini Vinicius João , Marchioro Silvana Beutinger , Torres Alex José Leite , Croda Julio , Croda Mariana Garcia , Gonçalves Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone , Xavier Joilson , de Castro Emerson , Lima Mauricio , Iani Felipe , Adelino Talita , Aburjaile Flávia , Ferraz Demarchi Luiz Henrique , Taira Deborah Ledesma , Zardin Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki , Fonseca Vagner , Giovanetti Marta , Andrews Jason , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Simionatto Simone
Published: October 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on indigenous populations. Understanding the viral dynamics within this population is essential to create targeted protection measures.

Methods

A total of 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected between May 2020 and November 2021 from an indigenous area in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Midwestern Brazil, were screened. Samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing using the Nanopore sequencing platform. Clinical, demographic, and phylogenetic data were analyzed.

Results

We found the co-circulation of six main SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the indigenous population, with the Zeta lineage being the most prevalent (27.66%), followed by B.1.1 (an ancestral strain) (20.21%), Gamma (14.36%) and Delta (13.83%). Other lineages represent 45.74% of the total. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that multiple introduction events of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages occurred in the indigenous villages in MS. The estimated indigenous population mortality rate was 1.47%. Regarding the ethnicity of our cohort, 64.82% belong to the Guarani ethnicity, while 33.16% belong to the Terena ethnicity, with a slightly higher prevalence of males (53.43%) among females. Other ethnicities represent 2.01%. We also observed that almost all patients (89.55%) presented signs and symptoms related to COVID-19, being the most prevalent cough, fever, sore throat, and headache.

Discussion

Our results revealed that multiple independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events had occurred through time, probably due to indigenous mobility, since the villages studied here are close to urban areas in MS. The mortality rate was slightly below of the estimation for the state in the period studied, which we believe could be related to the small number of samples evaluated, the underreporting of cases and deaths among this population, and the inconsistency of secondary data available for this study.

Conclusion

In this study, we showed the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in this population, which should be isolated and protected as they belong to the most fragile group due to their socioeconomic and cultural disparities. We reinforce the need for constant genomic surveillance to monitor and prevent the spread of new emerging viruses and to better understand the viral dynamics in these populations, making it possible to direct specific actions.
Sick child’s feeding practices and associated factors among mothers with sick children aged less than 2 years in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia. Does the participation of fathers contribute to improving nutrition? A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Feven Masresha , Kefene Simegn Wagaye , Sorrie Muluken Bekele , Mekuria Misgun Shewangezaw , Guyo Tamirat Gezahegn
Published: October 2023

Background

Children’s nutritional status can decline rapidly during or after a common childhood illness unless additional nutritional requirements associated with the illness are considered. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing a sick child’s feeding practices and associated factors among mothers who have sick children under 2 years of age in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 April 2022 to 30 April 2022. Data were collected through the questionnaire, entered into an open data kit (ODK), and exported into Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with sick child feeding practices. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to determine the strength of the association. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05.

Results

The overall magnitude of mothers’ good sick child feeding practices was determined to be 45.0% (95% CI: 41.03, 48.97%). Being urban residents, being employed, having antenatal care (ANC) visits, having postnatal care (PNC) visits, counseling about child feeding, and fathers’ involvement in sick child feeding increased the likelihood of sick child feeding practices by 4.4, 2.10, 2.31, 3.54, 2.11, and 2.54 times, respectively.

Conclusion

Sick child feeding practices were associated with having antenatal or postnatal visits, counseling about child feeding, and fathers’ involvement in sick child feeding practices. Therefore, strengthening infant and young child feeding practices by showing special concern for the father’s involvement is important to improve mothers’ sick child feeding practices.
The fate of nitrogen in animal urine patch as affected by trees and nitrogen supply on integrated crop-livestock systems
Authors: Lima Rosangela Corrêa de , Assmann Tangriani Simioni , Pontes Laíse da Silveira , Mensor Marcia , Assmann Alceu Luiz , Kagimura Luryan Tairini , Barriga Pablo Antônio Beltran , Severo Igor Kieling
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen (N) losses by leaching are significant in terms of environmental contamination. Thus, attention has been given to urination points of ruminant urine because they contain high levels of N. Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS), in turn, seek to intensify production and, at the same time, make production systems more sustainable. Therefore, it is crucial to know the behavior of N to boost its cycling and, consequently, minimize its impacts (environmental and economic). The objective of this study was to evaluate N leaching from bovine urine in a mixed pasture of Lolium multiflorum x Avena strigosa in two different integrated systems, crop-livestock (CL) and crop-livestock with trees (CLT), and two N doses (90 and 180 kg N ha−1). During the winter 2018, the study was conducted in the Brazilian subtropics, in sandy texture soil. The application of higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer (180 kg N ha−1) causes an increase in the concentration of nitrogen excreted in urine and, consequently, increases nitrate and ammonium contents in the soil at the urine points. Higher nitrogen contents were observed at the urine points, since the uptake of nutrients by the forage plants was reduced due to shading of the plants, leading to a reduction in dry matter production of the pasture. The area of action/diffusion of urinary N does not exceed 25 cm from the center point of urination. No leaching of nitrate or ammonium was observed at the sampled urine points, up to a depth of 40 cm. However, the adoption of more intensified production systems (i.e., with the inclusion of grazing animals and increased nitrogen fertilization) should be conducted under conditions that provide high plant uptake of soil nutrients to reduce the risk of losses.
Upgrading the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol in Romanian buffaloes
Authors: Ciornei Stefan Gregore , Roşca Petru
Published: October 2023

The present study describes the challenges of assisted reproduction in Romanian buffaloes while increasing the efficacy of artificial insemination by choosing the most suitable method. The modified fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol with sexed semen was used to increase the conception rate. This study included a total of 80 buffalo heifers that received ovarian stimulation using the OvSynch protocol. Two groups (n = 40), namely, a control group, in which the classic FTAI method was performed, and an experimental group, in which deep intrauterine AI was performed in cows that had developed a dominant follicle (US+UcFTAI), were randomly selected. The conception rate (CR) was 63.6% in the experimental group, which was statistically higher (P < 0.05) than the control group (30%). The ultrasound examination indicated that, using the OvSynch protocol, 82.5% (33 out of 40) of buffaloes developed a dominant follicle (DF) while the distribution between the warm and cold seasons was 75 and 90%, respectively. The CR was 60% during the hot season and 66.6% during the cold season. At calving, 92.5% female fetuses were born. The improved FTAI method in this study enhanced the results by reducing the waste of sexed semen and maximizing the response to OvSynch, making it a recommendation for practitioners. This study presents preliminary results and highlights that genetic progress is difficult to achieve. A systematic approach is needed in order to choose the most suitable biotechnological method for each farm.
The Influence of Empowerment on the Motivation of Portuguese Employees—A Study Based on a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Sousa Marlene , Santos Eulália , Santos Tânia , Oliveira Márcio
Published: October 2023

Over the last few years, in a continuous and growing way, the motivation of employees has been studied and it is currently agreed that it is an important work factor that significantly influences productivity and individual performance in an organisational context. As an influential factor for this motivation, we can find psychological empowerment in the sense that it gives employees freedom and confidence. This study aimed to understand the role of psychological empowerment in employee motivation. Empowerment can be translated, in a business context, into the training and valorisation of collaborators with a sense of their commitment to better the individual and, consequently, global performance of the organisation. In this research, empowerment was considered a motivational factor in achieving organisational objectives. The methodology used was of a quantitative nature based on a questionnaire survey that aimed to analyse psychological empowerment and the motivation of 620 individuals working in Portuguese organisations in the industry and services sectors. The results obtained, which were based on a structural equation model, show that psychological empowerment at work positively influenced employee motivation, with the meaning and self-determination dimensions contributing the most to motivation. The results obtained in the study have the potential to benefit both employees and organisations, contributing to a more productive and healthy working environment.
The Breeding of Waxy Sorghum Using Traditional Three-Line Method and Marker-Assisted Selection
Authors: Wu Yong-Pei , Chang Yu-Chi , Kuo Su-Chen , Liao Dah-Jing , Shen Ting-Yu , Kuo Hsin-I , Wang Sheng-Wen , Tseng Yu-Chien
Published: October 2023

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) exhibits drought resistance and environmental adaptability, making it a crucial cereal crop for semi-arid regions. It has a wide range of uses, including as food, feed, brooms, alcohol production, and bioethanol. In particular, Taiwan imports nearly 50,000 tons of sorghum annually, primarily for the production of sorghum liquor. However, the ideal raw material for high-quality sorghum liquor is waxy sorghum, and not all sorghum varieties imported or promoted in Taiwan are of this waxy type. Consequently, there is a shortage of sufficient waxy sorghum raw materials to meet the demands of the Taiwan market. The occurrence of waxy sorghum (wx) is caused by the mutation of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBBS I), and there are currently several known types of mutants, carrying different wxa, wxb, and wxc waxy alleles. Among them, wxc is a novel mutation type, and in native sorghum in Taiwan, individuals with the waxy allele wxc have been found. The three-line method is a commonly used breeding strategy, which simplifies the process of emasculation to obtain hybrid F1 offspring. In this study, imported sorghum variety Liangnuo No.1 (with male sterility), native glutinous sorghum variety SB6 from Taiwan (carrying the wxc waxy allele), and sorghum reference genome variety BTx623 were used as research materials. The goal was to use the three-line method to produce waxy sorghums, including the male sterile line (A-line), male sterile maintenance line (B-line), and fertility-restoring line (R-line). The breeding results showed that by using backcross breeding, molecular-assisted selection, and traditional field selection methods, high-quality three-line materials (A-, B-, R-lines, named CNA1, CNB1 CNR1, respectively) and F1 hybrid (CNH1) with favorable agronomic traits and yield quality were successfully obtained.
The Impact of Food Production Comparative Advantage on Green Total Factor Productivity: The Moderating Role of Environmental Regulation
Authors: Ye Weijiao , Li Ziqiang
Published: October 2023

Guaranteeing an increase in ecologically sustainable food production is a sufficient prerequisite for the long-term development of national food security. This study’s primary goal is to determine strategies for improving the nation’s green total factor productivity (GTFP) of food. We begin by measuring the GTFP of food with the Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index. Second, the food production comparative advantage is determined using the entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The food production comparative advantage is then used as a leaping point to experimentally study the pathway to enhancing the GTFP of food. The 510 sample statistics for this study come from 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2019. The study’s findings indicate that (i.) China’s “food production comparative advantage” and “GTFP of Food” have shown an ascending pattern. China’s Northeast and Huang–Huai–Hai regions have the greatest comparative advantages in food production. The regions with the highest food GTFP are the Northeast and Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River. (ii.) Food production comparative advantage can effectively contribute to green total factor productivity, but there is a time lag. (iii.) As food production’s comparative advantage rises, its contribution to GTFP becomes more apparent. (iv.) Environmental regulation moderates the influence of food production comparative advantage on GTFP. In addition, environmental regulations exert a greater moderating effect in regions with lower green total factor production rates than in regions with higher green total factor production rates. (v.) The food production comparative advantage improves the GTFP through both structural and technological effects. This study not only expands the research horizon of GTFP of food but also offers planning recommendations for technological advancement and structural adjustment in food production.
Effect and Mechanism of Micro-Nano Aeration Treatment on a Drip Irrigation Emitter Based on Groundwater
Authors: Li Rui , Han Qibiao , Dong Conghui , Nan Xi , Li Hao , Sun Hao , Li Hui , Li Peng , Hu Yawei
Published: October 2023

The problem of emitter clogging has become the main obstacle restricting the application and promotion of drip irrigation technology. Studying the process of emitter clogging helps improve irrigation efficiency and save water resources. A large number of researchers have tried to solve the problem of emitter clogging from many perspectives. However, the influence of micro-nano bubbles as well as generated blockage on the clogging process of drip irrigation systems is less studied. Here, the influence of aeration on emitter clogging was studied by adding micro-nano bubbles to groundwater. Four different emitters were selected. Two treatments, micro-nano aeration and non-aeration, were set up, with a total of eight sets of experiments, running for 1500 h. The degree of emitter clogging was quantitatively characterized using the discharge ratio variation (Dra). The Christiansen uniformity coefficient (Cu) and statistical uniformity coefficient (Us) were used to evaluate the influence of emitter clogging on the performance of the drip irrigation system. Compared with the non-aeration treatment group, the Dra of aerated E1–E4 decreased by 64.74%, 54.22%, 64.20%, and 94.69% in 800 h, respectively. At the same time, the Us of the aerated E1–E4 decreased by 100%, 60.05%, 92.32%, and 100%, while the Cu of aerated E1–E4 decreased by 76.64%, 53.79%, 74.11%, and 100% compared with the unaerated group. The Cu and Us of all emitters under the aeration treatment were smaller than those comparison group. As for the blockage, the main components were typical physical blockage SiO2 and chemical blockage CaCO3. Most of the blockages in the non-aeration treatment group are 5–10 μm in length, while those in the aerated treatment group were generally less than 5 μm. Aeration treatment made the blockage more broken and dense and more likely to accumulate in the flow channel, obstructing the flow of water and thus intensifying the clogging process. As a result, micro-nano aeration treatment increased the risk of emitter clogging, accelerated the development of blockage in the emitter, and disturbed the uniformity of the entire drip irrigation system. This study provides a reference idea for solving the problem of blockage in drip irrigation systems.
Loving the Alien: The Contribution of the Wild in Securing the Breeding of Cultivated Hexaploid Wheat and Oats
Authors: Mohler Volker , Paczos-Grzęda Edyta , Sowa Sylwia
Published: October 2023

Cereal production is of strategic importance to the world economy. Although the primary aim of breeding programs is to develop cultivars with improved agronomic performance, including high grain yield and grain quality, as well as disease and lodging resistance, nowadays the adaptability to changing environmental conditions seems to be an extremely important feature. The achievement of these breeding objectives in diploid cereal species such as rice, barley, or maize is straightforward. The genetic improvement of polyploid crops such as hexaploid wheat and oats for increased crop production is highly demanding. Progenitor species and wild relatives, including taxa at lower ploidy levels, have preserved a high degree of useful genetic variation. The world’s genebank collections of wheat and oat germplasm provide extremely rich resources for future breeding and utilization. This review highlights the immense potential of cultivated wild relatives as donors of genes for a wide range of biotic and abiotic traits and their impact on wheat and oat breeding. This review covers methods allowing access to these genetic resources, and it highlights the most (and most recently)-exploited related species for gene introgression in wheat and oats. Further, it will also deal with the impact of genomics and cloned genes on the advanced discovery, characterization, and utilization of genetic resources in these two cereals.
Effect of Dietary Calcium Propionate Inclusion Level and Duration in High-Risk Newly Received Stocker Calves: Growth Performance, Body Fat Reserves, and Health
Authors: Rodriguez-Cordero Daniel , Carrillo-Muro Octavio , Hernandez-Briano Pedro , Rivera-Villegas Alejandro , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo
Published: October 2023

This study utilized fifty bull calves of the Continental × British crossbreed, with an average body weight of 147.0 ± 1.67 kg (BW), in a completely randomized design. The objective was to examine the impact of varying levels and duration of calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation on the growth performance, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hemogram of high-risk newly received stocker calves. These calves were individually housed and fed a received diet for 56 d. The calves received the following treatments: (1) no CaPr (CTL), (2) 20 g CaPr/calf/d, (3) 40 g CaPr/calf/d, (4) 60 g CaPr/calf/d, and (5) 80 g CaPr/calf/d at 14, 28, 42, and 56 d after their arrival. Supplementing with 20 g CaPr from 28 to 56 d after arrival increased average daily gain (ADG) and BW (p < 0.05), and DMI was not affected (p > 0.05). This was reflected at 28 d with increases (p < 0.05) in the ADG/DMI ratio and longissimus muscle area (LMA), and at 56 d in back fat thickness (BFT) and fat thickness at the rump (FTR). Also, with 20 g, blood urea nitrogen decreased (p < 0.05), and increases were observed in the activity of gamma glutamyltransferase, monocytes (quadratic trend, p < 0.07), and granulocytes % (quadratic effect, p < 0.03). However, as the level of CaPr increased during the first 14 d after arrival, daily water intake, creatinine, total cholesterol, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (linear effect, p < 0.05), globulin, calcium, and mean corpuscular volume (linear trend, p = 0.08) increased, while alkaline phosphatase (linear trend, p = 0.07) and lymphocytes (linear effect, p = 0.05) decreased. Finally, the different levels of CaPr supplementation did not produce any significant effects or differences (p > 0.05) in the remaining serum metabolites and hemogram (p > 0.05). Ultimately, the inclusion of 20 g CaPr/calf/d in the diet for 28 d in newly received stocker calves increased ADG, ADG/DMI ratio, and LMA. If extended to 42 or 56 d, the increases in ADG persisted, but there was also a rise in body fat reserves (BFT and FTR) at the expense of a reduction in the ADG/DMI ratio. Furthermore, the different supplementation levels did not impact the reference range for most serum metabolites or the health of stocker calves.
Molecular Characterization of Three Chemosensory Proteins from Carposina sasakii
Authors: Liu Liu , Qiu Guisheng , Zhang Huaijiang , Yue Qiang , Yan Wentao , Sun Lina
Published: October 2023

The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, is part of the Carposinidae, and is harmful to the families Rosaceae and Rhamnaceae. C. sasakii lays eggs on the hairy surface of the fruit’s stalk cavity and calyx end. After hatching, the moth can bore into the fruits and feed on the flesh inside. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of low-molecular-weight soluble carrier proteins that are highly evolutionarily conserved. To enhance our understanding of the recognition of host plant volatiles by CSPs of C. sasakii, the expression patterns and binding characteristics of CsasCSP7, CsasCSP9 and CsasCSP11 in C. sasakii were investigated. In our study, the results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays demonstrate that CsasCSP7 and CsasCSP9 transcripts were abundantly expressed in the antennae of males, and CsasCSP11 was highly expressed in the wings of females. Fluorescence competitive binding assays with 38 candidate ligands showed that CsasCSP7 could bind to benzaldehyde and dodecanal, whereas CsasCSP9 bound to butyl octanoate, decanal and (-)-beta-pinene. CsasCSP11 could also bind to1-hexanol, beta-ocimene and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Our results suggest that CsasCSP7, CsasCSP9 and CsasCSP11 may play a crucial role in locating the host plant of C. sasakii.
Intelligent Hog Farming Adoption Choices Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model: Perspectives from China’s New Agricultural Managers
Authors: Wang Jiannan , Zhang Shaoning , Zhang Lezhu
Published: October 2023

This research delves into the intricacies of decision-making processes underpinning the willingness to upgrade technology within the burgeoning domain of intelligent pig farming in China, employing the UTAUT model to scrutinize how various determinants sway upgrade willingness and the ensuing behavioral modification. By applying the UTAUT model to intelligent pig farming, the inquiry evaluates the impact of performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, and contributory factors on upgrade willingness and behavior, with data amassed from assorted novel agricultural management entities in China. The findings unveil that performance and effort expectations, social influence, and contributory factors have a favorable influence on upgrade willingness, while contributory factors, alongside the augmentation of upgrade willingness, positively affect upgraded behavior. This inquiry underscores the multifaceted interaction of factors guiding technological upgrade verdicts in intelligent pig farming, furnishing invaluable insights for comprehending technology adoption in agriculture. It lays a groundwork for devising strategies to spur technological advancements, harboring potential for wider applications across varied agricultural vistas.
Causes of Post-Mortem Carcass and Organ Condemnations and Economic Loss Assessment in a Cattle Slaughterhouse
Authors: Ciui Sebastian , Morar Adriana , Tîrziu Emil , Herman Viorel , Ban-Cucerzan Alexandra , Popa Sebastian Alexandru , Morar Doru , Imre Mirela , Olariu-Jurca Adrian , Imre Kálmán
Published: October 2023

The study was undertaken to investigate the main causes of carcass and organ condemnations, as well as to estimate the financial losses suffered by a cattle slaughterhouse. In this regard, an active abattoir survey, based on standard post-mortem inspection procedures for meat, was conducted on 151,741 cattle, from January 2021 to December 2022. Overall, 13.27% (n = 20,125) of the carcasses expressed lesions or pathological conditions and, out of them, 1.15% (n = 1738) were totally confiscated, while another 12.12% (n = 18,387) were partially admitted for human consumption. In the case of organs, the general inspection data reveal that 12.28% (n = 18,630), 7.56% (n = 11,477), 1.89% (n = 2862), and 0.27% (n = 412) of the examined liver, lung, heart, and kidney specimens presented one or more types of abnormalities. In addition, regarding the types of specific pathological findings, dystrophies/anomalies (69.8%), circulatory disorders (40.6%), fecal contamination (60.9%), and suspected bacterial/viral infections showed a dominant occurrence in the liver, lung, heart, and kidneys, respectively. Consequently, the total direct financial losses resulting from edible part condemnation over the two years was estimated at EUR 4,021,717.3, which represents 1.17% of the total achievable net revenue without carcass and organ condemnation. Of this, EUR 3,661,400.4 (1.07%) and EUR 360,316.9 (8.73%) was related to carcass and organ condemnation, respectively. The study results demonstrate that the post-mortem inspection of meat at the slaughterhouse level plays a crucial role in identifying pathological lesions, in addition to some other issues, such as fecal contamination or non-compliant laboratory results, relevant to both public health and economic factors.