bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP VARIABEL MAKROEKONOMI DI INDONESIA (PENERAPAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL)
Authors: Julaihah, SE., M.Si, Umi
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this study are to analyze the effect of monetary policy on Indonesian economy and to know policy variable such as monetary aggregate that have contribution in explain the variability of macroeconomic variables. The data sample used in this study are quarterly time series data from 1983.1 - 2003.2. Those data are base money, one month commercial bank deposit interest rate, consumer price index, gross domestic product, and exchange rate (rupiah/dollar). A method of analysis in this study is Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The advantages of VECM are because it has: (i) impulse response function that can trace the response of one endogen variable because shock/innovation of others variables in the model; (ii) variance decomposition that can show the contribution of one variable endogen in explained the variability of others endogen variables. The result of impulse response function shows that economic growth did not response the shock of base money. Although base money has significant effect on inflation but this model leaves a price puzzle and liquidity puzzle. The result of variance decomposition shows that base money contributes only 5% on inflation but it did not give any contribution on economic growth fluctuation. The interesting result is policy variables (base money) have best contribution in explain the fluctuation on exchange rate. Then, it asserts that shock of policy variable is responded by exchange rate faster than other macroeconomic variables.
TRANSAKSI VALUTA ASING (AL-SHARF) DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Sulhan Muhammad
Published: July 2020

The written text attempts to explain transactional problem (trade) foreign exchange of Islamic law trade. It is caused by the international trade phenomena that won’t be free from state currency one another as a payment tool in which accelerate the traffic of international trade activity.  The necessity of currency conversion in the international trade will bring up out of foreign exchange demand and supply in the foreign exchange market; it will cause foreign exchange trade transaction at last. Based on the variety of Islamic laws analysis, it is known that the foreign currency  trade practice (al-sharf) is allowed if done based on each other agreement and cash, not to have a speculation (undertake something hoping for the best), there is transactional needed or aware of (saving), and if the transaction done toward the same type of currency so, it must have the same value and if it’s different, it must be done using prevailed rate of exchange (kurs)  in the moment of transaction. The following types of foreign exchange transaction in the foreign exchange market, it is only spot transactional type allowed, meanwhile forward, swap, and option are forbidden because they aren’t cash and contain of maisir (speculation). Besides, the participants should pay more attention toward constrains of foreign exchange trade transaction and they should be able to avoid divergences that are forbidden in Islamic of syariah trade like extortionate, forcing and many others. In this case, these cause the transaction of foreign exchange trade is prohibited.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN YANG MEMBEDAKAN KEPUASAN DAN KETIDAKPUASAN PELANGGAN TELKOM FLEXI
Authors: Muis Mahlia
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted based on the fact that service quality plays an important role on determining the difference between satisfaction and dissatisfaction customers. The research findings indicate, using discriminant analysis with force method, it shows that significant difference between satisfaction and dissatisfaction customers in terms of service quality (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and emphaty).
PENGARUH VARIABEL FUNDAMENTAL TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Rusli Aditya
Published: July 2020

Stock Exchange truly is a set of arrangement which enables long-term claim exchange, enables addition of financial assets (and debt) and at the same time, enables investor to always change and adjust his investment portfolio (through secondary market). For people in general, the existence of Stock Exchange can be an alternative choice of In this study, researcher used firm internal fundamental variables to test the relation of some fundamental variables on the price of stock. Internal fundamental variables like Price Earning Ratio, Price Book Price, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Investment, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin, and Operating Profit Margin can be used as fundamental analysis variables that affect changes on stock price. Analysis model used was double regression model using 10 emitted mining companies’ stocks.The results of the study showed the existence of effect either all together or partially on fundamental variable against changes of stock price on go public mining companies in Jakarta Stock exchange (JSC). Of eight variables proposed; Price Earning Ratio, Return on Investment, Return on Equity, and Operating Profit Margin variables are variables that might affect stock price. Independent variables that affect stock price is Operating Profit Margin variables which means that mining sector can be a very prospective sector in the future if it is supported with good performance and good activities as well.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN PESANTREN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI SYARI’AH
Authors: Syakur Ahmad
Published: July 2020

On the history of Islam education in Indonesia, the position of pesantren is undoubtful. Before the Islamic school established, for a long time pesantren has given the  large contribution for education and building the human resource as quality and quantity. The pesantren with all of the strategic potential, reasonable to be pioneer of Islamic economy. In the other hand Islamic economy need pesantren  to grow up. It is caused the pesantren is still being the Islamic education institute that is biggest influencing and being the central of ‘ulama’ education that is legittimed. Actually, the products of Islamic economy is the rich of pesantren, that is observed from fiqh muamalah in the yellow book (kitab kuning). In the head line, the influencing of pesantren in the Islamic economy  are two. The first, the influencing of knowledge development; and the second is the influencing to appear the laboratory of sharia  economic theory in the real activity. For being maximal the influencing of pesantren in the knowlwdge development in Islamic economy, is required to repair the curriculum, method and management of education. Beside it is required to repair  the quality of human resourse, growing interpreneur sense and repairing the management of work.
“NARRATIVE OF THE SELF “: THE DISCOURSE OF DAILY LIFE IN THE ESSAYS BY PARTICIPANTS OF LITERACY WORKSHOP
Authors: Rahayu Mundi , Rakhmawati Deny Efita Nur
Published: July 2020

Literacy workshop is important activity delivered in community to increase people’s competencies not only in reading and writing, but more importantly in building critical perspectives. However, the result of the literacy workshop needs to be examined, not only to find out the success indicator of the workshop, but also to understand the narration presented in young peoples‘ works. It is necessary to get the idea of what the young people’s concern and thought. This paper discusses the writings as the products of literacy workshop held at Trenggalek, East Java, which was attended by young people as participants. The workshop results in 12 writings, consisting of two short stories, and 10 essays.  The questions raised in this paper are; how is the discourse of daily life represented in the writings of the literacy workshop participants? What are the social and cultural factors affecting the writers in constructing the discourse? This paper argues that young people’s concern reflects the current social cultural issues that matters in our life. Literacy for young people is not merely giving the skill of reading and writing, but it is a meaning-making process, that enable them to construct the meaning of their everyday life.
UNVEILING THAHA HUSEIN'S CONTROVERSY ON CLASSICAL ARABIC LITERATURE EXISTENCE (CRITICAL METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK ‘FI AL-ADAB AL-JAHILI’)
Authors: Muzakki Akhmad
Published: July 2020

Descartes' philosophical thinking influences the method of literary criticism developed by Thaha Husein, namely, cogito ergo sum 'I think, therefore I am.' To ensure that something exists, it must be doubted first. Likewise, the existence of jahili Arabic literature, which was conveyed verbally from generation to generation, did not rule out counterfeiting. However, Thaha Husein only saw the existence of jahili Arabic literature autonomously by denying the external factors surrounding it. Though literary works are manifestations and reflections of socio-cultural conditions that establish dialectical relations with the author, therefore, the extrinsic aspects that exist outside the text that characterize the original building of literary works cannot be ignored.
Decreasing Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Through Limiting the Use of Central Venous Catheters for Routine Blood Draws
Authors: Kuriakose Leena
Published: July 2020

Background

The majority of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) require central venous catheters (CVC) for medication delivery, monitoring and blood draws. Repeated access of CVCs for collection of blood can cause central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). If the number of times CVCs accessed for routine blood draws can be limited, the incidence of CLABSI in ICUs could be decreased.

Objective

The focus of this quality improvement (QI) project was to decrease the CLABSI rate through limiting the use of and standardizing the process for routine blood draws through CVCs.

Methods

All nursing staff were educated on the process change. Pre and post education CLABSI rates were compared to measure the outcome.

Results

The number of times CVCs accessed for routine blood work and CLABSI rate decreased after the intervention.

Conclusion

The data collected supported that decreasing the use of CVCs for routine blood draws can decrease the number of times CVCs are accessed per shift and decrease the CLABSI rate.

Implications for Nursing

Nurses are at the front line in preventing, reducing, and sustaining zero CLABSI rate through implementing evidence based practices.
Adaptations to potential impacts of climate change in the “New Hungary” Rural Development Programme
Authors: Lazányi János
Published: July 2020

There are evidences that the climate is changing and the effects on agriculture and wildlife are discernible. Spring is occurring earlier and autumn later, all of which have impacts on agriculture and forestry. Climate change is also predicted to result in more frequent droughts, increased flooding in Hungary, but the relationship between agriculture and climate change is more complex. Climate change has physical effects on farming and farm based wildlife. Agriculture needs to adapt to climate change by exploring, which crops and farming systems are best adapted to the changed conditions. Land management also needs to adapt to preserve biodiversity by protecting valuable habitats and species and helping them in the changing environment. With better management, agriculture and forestry can also mitigate climate change by reducing direct greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry, by producing crops as a source of renewable energy and by protecting carbon stored in soils and in manure. The HRDP comprises of a series of funding based on the following overarching priorities: (i) enhance the environment and countryside, (ii) making agriculture and forestry more competitive and sustainable, (iii) enhancing opportunity in rural areas, whether in the farming sector or the broader rural economy. Actions discussed in this paper are based on the New Hungary Rural Development Programme (2007–2013) and focused on reducing the effects of climate change in rural area. Establishment of agro-forestry systems and integrated pest management help mitigation goals and increase climate change adaptation potential. Minimizing unwanted side effects of agriculture by reducing the use of fertilizer and increasing the safety for environment (soil, water, and air) and human health have positive effects on adaptation potential. Restoration of agricultural production though diversification of agriculture and pastures management, improvement in drain age and irrigation equipment are good examples of adaptation for climate change. Integrated production, which is oriented to controlled cultivation of crops, vine, fruits and vegetables, and improvement of animal rearing conditions to increase production standards and overall welfare are preferred and ecologically sound methods of adaptation.
Seducir o adoctrinar. La educación ante las formas moderna y posmoderna de la esclavitud
Authors: Darós William Roberto
Published: July 2020

El objeto de este trabajo se describen dos formas de dominación: el adoctrinamiento y la seducción, con el objetivo de hacer ver que su actual vigencia. En este contexto, se aporta el advertir como la población es mayoritariamente seducida e impone las condiciones. El método es el propio de los ensayos filosóficos y la reflexión sobre los acontecimiento de actualidad. Se utilizan las fuentes de los sociólogos y filósofos de mayor prestigio actual como lo son G. Lipovetzsky y Z. Bauman, G., P. Sibilia, O. Reboul. La estrategia de análisis utilizada es la que pone de manifiesto y critica, con originalidad el mecanismo de seducción: el seducido está en la condición de necesidad, primero y, después, de placenteramente esclavizado, por lo que no advertirá la dominación que se ejerce sobre él, perdiéndose sutilmente la libertad humana. La adicción a la propia imagen (selfish) y al celular o teléfono móvil es un claro ejemplo, que los adictos difícilmente querrán admitir. En conclusión se ponen de manifiesto las estrategias narcisistas de supervivencia: retirarse en el presente, reciclando la juventud. El narcisismo neutraliza el universo social, vaciando las instituciones de sus in­versio­nes emocionales y el yo se vacía de su identidad, por eso requiere constantemente de las selfishes para reírse de sí mismo. El yo pierde su referencia de unidad por exceso de información insus­tantiva.
A antropologia reversa de Paulo Freire: um ensaio na lâmina do microscópio.
Authors: Mcfreitas Marcos Cezar de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Este artigo analisa como a troca de ideias entre Paulo Freire e Álvaro Vieira Pinto permitiu ao primeiro elaborar uma antropologia educacional que reconhecia os saberes implícitos à experiência laboral dos chamados homens simples.
Teoria polityki w badaniach profesora Andrzeja Czajowskiego
Authors: Sobkowiak Leszek , Jabłoński Andrzej W.
Published: July 2020

Political theory in the research of professor Andrzej Czajowski

 

Professor Andrzej Czajowski, an academic scholar and lecturer at the University of Wroclaw, conducted interdisciplinary scientific research in many fields of political science. His main field of interest was political theory. The subjects of his research were, inter alia, the nature of politics and political aspects of other social phenomena, the relations between political power, decisions, actions, agents and structures. Professor Czajowski conducted interdisciplinary research from the perspectives of political theory, political psychology and law. His main contribution to empirical and analytical political theory was the development of a new understanding of different academic concepts in political science, such as politics, power, political decisions and political activity. In the published books and research papers professor Czajowski has developed new meanings of key political science concepts, such as politics, power, political action, political decisions, political attitudes, political conflicts and political thought. His academic works have enriched the language of political science and political theory by adding new classifications and typologies, and contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of politics.
When estimating reachability in space, young children and the elderly are similar
Authors: Gabbard Carl , Caçola Priscila
Published: July 2020

This study examined the age-related ability to mentally represent action in the context of reach estimation via use of motor imagery in children, young adults, and a group of older adults. Participants were instructed to estimate whether randomly presented targets in peripersonal (within actual reach) and extrapersonal (beyond reach) space were within or out of reach of their dominant limb while seated. In regard to total accuracy, results indicated that children and older adults were similar, but scores were significantly lower than those of young adults. Whereas all groups displayed greater error in extrapersonal space, once again children and older adults were similar, but significantly different than young adults. That is, children and older adults displayed greater overestimation responses. Although other factors are discussed, the literature provides a hint that differences are due in part to distinctions in brain structure and functioning.
The effectivity of cavity cleanser chlorhexidinegluconate 2% and saponin 0.78% of mangoosteen peel
Authors: Siwinata Maretha , Zubaidah Nanik , Soetojo Adioro
Published: July 2020

Background. Use of cavity cleanser is important before restoration the teeth to clean debris, residue of prepared dentine, blood, bacteria, collagen denaturized by teeth preparation. Nowadays, the cavity cleanser that people used still having shortcoming, one of which is the lack of ability to clean the root canal of the smear layer. Purpose. The purpose of this study examines the difference of cavity cleaner between saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) and chlorhexidinegluconate 2%. Method. Eighteen upper first premolar divided into 3 groups, each of them consist three tooth. Forming the preparation tooth cavity then group 1 using aquadest for control group, group 2 using chlorhexidinegluconate 2%, and group 3 using saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.). For rating cleanliness of the tooth cavity using a scale of cleanliness conducted under Scanning Electron Microscope. Result. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in One-Way ANOVA parametric test andpos hoc test between chlorhexidinegluconate 2 % and saponin of mangoosteen peel to the cleanliness of the tooth cavity. Conclusion.According to the result of the study, it can be concluded that saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) less effective for cleaning the tooth cavity than chlorhexidinegluconate 2%.
Effect Of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) On The Number Of Macrophage Cells In Inflammation Of Pulp With Mechanical Injury
Authors: Ismiyatin Kun , Juniarti Devi Eka , Purwanto Djoko Agus , Primazafira Adecha Ekalipta
Published: July 2020

Background: Pulpitis is an inflammatory pulp that can occur due to mechanical trauma that causes perforation of the pulp. Treatment of pulpitis Emergency frequently using Eugenol. High concentrations of Eugenol have a cytotoxic effect that causes local necrosis and inhibits the recovery process. An alternative consideration with Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) which has good antioxidant properties and increases the complexity of inflammation by inhibiting the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide so that levels migration of inflammatory cells to the area of injury will decrease and inflammation will occur shorter then initiates the proliferation so the recovery process and tissue repair will be more rapidly occurring. One of the cells that support tissue repair is macrophages. Purpose: this study aims to explain the effect of EGCG on the number of macrophage cells in pulp inflammation with mechanical injury. Methods: The study used 24 Wistar rats teeth divided into four groups, namely control (C), and 3 treatment groups T1, T2, and T3. Each group consisted of 6 rats prepared, then T1 was named EGCG hydrogel 60 ppm, T2 was given EGCG hydrogel 90 ppm, while T3 was given EGCG hydrogel 120 ppm. On the 3rd day, Wistar rats were decapitated to continue making HPA preparations. Results:This study showed a significant difference in each group (p< 0.05) using One-Way Anova analysis. Conclusion: EGCG hydrogel 90 ppm  is effectivein increasing the number of macrophage cells.
Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao) 6,25% dan NaOCl 2,5% Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus sanguinis
Authors: Nugroho Sepdhyo Wahyu , Rukmo Mandojo , Prasetyo Edhie Arief , Yuanita Tamara
Published: July 2020

Background: Streptococcus sanguinis is a gram-positive bacterium that infects and penetrates into dentinal tubules from a depth of 150 μm up to 792 μm. Chemicals, namely 2.5% NaOCl, are used to mitigate the growth of these bacteria via irrigation of the root canals, but 2.5% NaOCl still has disadvantages including irritating periradicular tissue, having an unpleasant odor, and being toxic. Due to these shortcomings, natural materials are expected to be used as alternatives. Cocoa peel extract has active tannin compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins which have antibacterial attributes; a concentration of 6.25% is counted as the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Streptococcus sanguinis. Aim: To compare the difference of antibacterial power of 6.25% cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao) and 2.5% NaOCl against Streptococcus sanguinis. Method: This research is an in vitro experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The diffusion method was used on Streptococcus sanguinis planted in tubes containing BHIB, then cultured on petri dishes containing nutrient agar and divided into 3 parts, namely 6.25% cocoa peel extract, 2.5% NaOCl, and negative controls, then each Petri dishes were given a paper disc that had been dripped by 0.01 ml of each ingredient, then incubated in an incubator for 2x24 hours at 37°C; the diameter of the inhibitory zone formed was then observed using a caliper. Results: The average diameter of the inhibition zone formed on 6.25% cocoa peel extract was 19.2000 mm and 2.5% NaOCl was 17.2813 mm against Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion: The antibacterial power of 6.25% cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao) is higher than 2.5% NaOCl against Streptococcus sanguinis.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TIME IRRADIATION BY LASER DIODE 650 NM AND PHOTOSENSITIZER Methylene Blue ON DECREASING THE NUMBER OF MIXED BACTERIAL COLONIES FROM NECROTIC ROOT CANAL
Authors: Larasati Nadya Ayusandra , Ismiyatin Kun , Kunarti Sri
Published: July 2020

Background. Pulp necrosis is defined as the irreversible death of pulp tissue. It clinically observed by the destruction of its own tissue. The primary etiology of pulp necrosis is irritation due to bacterial infection. The treatment for pulp necrosis is root canal treatment with a success percentage ranging from 40-93% based on cavities with minimal bacteria that can be sterilized. One method of sterilization using Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), which uses laser diodes is currently being developed in the field of conservative dentistry, but there are still many differences of opinion regarding the ideal amount of time of laser radiation or photoactivation used to reduce the number of bacteria, especially in root canals. Aim. To determine the effective radiation time of the 650 nm wavelength laser diode with Methylene Blue Photosensitizer in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals. Method. This research is a laboratory experimental study with 30 samples and 6 groups with different durations of irradiation namely 45, 60, 75 and 90 seconds. Results. It was found that there was a decrease in the number of mixed bacterial colonies within necrotic root canals with the obtained p-value of the ANOVA test results being <0.05. This shows that there is a significant difference between the amounts of mixed bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals in each treatment group. Conclusion. Diode laser radiation with a wavelength of 650 nm with duration of 90 seconds of radiation and Methylene Blue Photosensitizer is an effective time in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic teeth compared to the duration of radiation of 45, 60 and 75 seconds.
The Effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl Irrigation and 17% EDTA against the Sealing Ability of Resin Paste
Authors: A Tamara Nitya , Zubaidah Nanik , Mudjiono Moch
Published: July 2020

Background: Root canal irrigation seeks the elimination of bacteria and its products from the root canal. If debris is left in the root canal, it can prohibit adaptation between obturationmaterial and root canal wall. Therefore, it can decrease the sealing ability of obturation material. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA on the apical sealing ability of resin obturation paste. Method: The roots of 18 human mandibular premolar teeth were selected and the root canal was prepared using a conventional technique. Samples were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, and17% EDTA, and sterile aquadest (Aqua Deastilata) as a control group. Samples were filled with gutta-percha and top seal. Samples were soaked in 2% methylene blue for 48 hours to measure the depth of microleakage. Result: The mean apical leakage after irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; and sterile aquadest in the sequence were 0.92 mm; 3.6 mm; and 8.08 mm. Conclusion: 2.5% NaOClhas less depth of microleakage than 17% EDTA. However, the depth of microleakage cannot demonstrate the exact sealing ability of the resin paste due to some factors.
Endodontic Retreatment In Case Of Failure: Case Report
Authors: Prayogo Kevin , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Subiyanto Ari
Published: July 2020

Background: In medical practice, clinicians come across a lot of obstacle during a treatment , that can lead to a failure, like other dental treatments, endodontics too can fail. Inappropriate mechanical debridement, persistence of bacteria in the canals and apex, poor obturation quality, over and under extension of the root canal filling, and coronal leakage are some of the commonly attributable causes of failure. Despite the high success rate of endodontic treatment, failures do occur in a large number of cases and most of the times can be attributed to the already stated causes. Purpose: Endodontic retreatment of a failure is required by the increased desire to preserve the tooth on the dental arch, preventing the need for dental extraction that may have adverse consequences in terms of functional and psychological effect on patients. Case: This article presents a case report about dental retreatment with 2 common failure, that was under filling obturation and non-fit post. Case management: The failure was corrected with endodontic retreatment, and finally restored with fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown. Conclusion: Endodontic retreatment was done successfully on underfilling obturation and non-fit post. The patient was satisfied with the result.
Viability Test of Photodynamic Therapy with Diode Laser Waves Length 405 nm on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cells with Various Irradiation Distances
Authors: Kunarti Sri , Nizar Vina Zavira , Saraswati Widya
Published: July 2020

Background: Photodynamic therapy has now become popular, but its cytotoxic effect is still unclear. In order to be considered suitable for oral cavity therapy, the therapy must not be toxic or cause adverse effects on the target tissue. Viability testing for photodynamic therapy is important to do. Fibroblast cells are often used for testing the toxicity of dentistry because they are the most important cells in the components of the pulp, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Purpose: To prove the effect of irradiation distance on photodynamic therapy on the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Method: Viability test was performed with BHK-21 fibroblast cells placed on a 96 well microplate which was then irradiated with 405 nm photodynamic therapy with varying irradiation distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16 mm. After irradiation, cell viability was tested by MTT assay and ELISA Reader. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene’s test, Kruskall Wallis, and Tukey HSD. Result: Fibroblast cells with 4 mm irradiation distance have viability over control cells, whereas at irradiation distances 1, 7, 10, 13, and 16 mm have less viability than control cells. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy 405 nm with 4 mm irradiation distance gives a biostimulation response so that the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells increases.
The Effect Of Self-Etch And Total-Etch Bonding Systems Application On Microleakage Of Bulkfill Flowable Composite Restoration In Carbonated Drink Immersion
Authors: Saraswati Widya , Song Hadinata Auryn Thania , Sukaton Sukaton
Published: July 2020

Background: Resin composite is more advanced today, but the marginal leakage still can not be avoided, for it takes the bonding system. Bonding system aims to provide a layer between a substrate and composite so it has a strong bond . The current latest bonding system is called universal bonding. It can be used with 2 techniques, both self etch and total etch. Universal bonding contains 10MDP so there’s no need for etching and priming. 10MDP results in better adhesion than previous bonding monomers  generation. A total etch technique  require a pre-etching step to remove smear layer so that it formed porous as a retentive sites. Purpose : Distinguish the marginal leakage of flowablebulkfill composite overlays with the application of total etch and self etch bonding systems accompanied by immersion of carbonated beverages . Method: Tooth samples were prepared to a depth of 2mm, then the bonding agent was applied directly to the cavity without etching (self etch), etched before the application of bonding agent (total etch ), directly loaded without pre-etching and bonding (control) . using a flowablebulkfill composite as a material restorative. All of the sample both total etch and self-etch  soaked in Cola drinks for 5 minutes then repeated until 10 treatment each day (one day is assumed to be 12 hours) up to 7 days, followed by immersion in the methylene blue 0.5 % for 24 hours . Sample then splittedbuccolingual direction, leakage was assessed by scoring the edge trough the depth of methylene blue penetration.  Result:  Mann-Whitney Test showed a significant differences (P>0.05 ) each group . Conclusion: Marginal leakage of composite restoration with total etch technique and self etch technique is smaller than the control group, and the marginal leakage of composite restoration with total etch technique is smaller than that of self etch group .
Effect of Hydrogel Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) to the Number of Fibroblast Cell Proliferation in the Perforation of Wistar Rat Tooth Pulp
Authors: Widjiastuti Ira , Setyabudi Setyabudi , Ismiyatin Kun , Purwanto Djoko Agus , Sukmawati Tiara
Published: July 2020

Background: Pulpitis can occur because the deep cavity preparation and it causes increasing of NO levels. Perforated teeth require direct pulp capping (DPC) treatment. The current standard DPC material is calcium hydroxide. However, several studies have found weaknesses of calcium hydroxide that can affect the success of DPC treatment and new, more biocompatible materials are needed. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea has many benefits, including antioxidant, anticolagenase, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and has the ability of radical scavenging to clean NO so that pulp healing can occur better by increasing the number of fibroblast cells that play a role in wound healing. Purpose: To determine the concentration of hydrogel EGCGs that are effective in increasing the number of fibroblast cell proliferation in the dental pulp perforation of Wistar rats. Method: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized post test only control group design. Samples used in the study were 24 male Wistar rats which were divided into four groups, namely the negative control group and the treatment group were given EGCG 60 ppm, 90 ppm, and 120 ppm and were decapitated on the 7th day after treatment. The maxilla and the 1st molar were taken and decalcified, to process the HPA reading with HE staining. Observations were made using a microscope with a magnification of 400x. Results: There were significant differences in the treatment groups with 60 ppm and 90 ppm hydrogel hydrogels on the results of the Oneway ANOVA difference test (p <0.05). Conclusion: The concentration of hydrogel EGCG which is effective in increasing fibroblast cell proliferation is 90 ppm.
REMEDIES DALAM PUTUSAN ICSID DALAM SENGKETA INVESTASI INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Maulanasari Amelia
Published: July 2020

Suatu sengketa yang timbul dalam proses investasi yang meliputi dua atau lebih negara dapat bermula dari sebuah perjanjian investasi yang telah disepakati oleh para pihak. Apabila salah satu pihak melakukan pelanggaran atas perjanjian yang telah dibuatnya, atau dapat dikatakan wanprestasi, maka dengan adanya klausula arbitrase dalam perjanjian tersebut, secara otomatispara pihak akan menyelesaikan sengketanya kepada arbitrase, seperti arbitrase ICSID. Oleh karena itu adanya klausula arbitrase dalam konteks perjanjian investasi (BIT) tersebut sangat diperlukan. Produk hukum dari arbitrase ICSID adalah sebuah putusan yang bersifat mengikat bagi para pihak. Dalam sebuah putusan hendaknya termuat sebuah remedies yang telah ditetapkan oleh arbitrator dalam arbitrase. Remedies dalam arbitrase ICSID terdapat dua bentuk yaitu pecuniary remedies dan non-pecuniary remedies. Remedies tersebut diberikan sebagai kompensasi atau perintah untuk melakukan sesuatu atas kerugian yang dialami pihak lawan, sehingga pihak yang kalah wajibmelakukan ganti rugi atas tindakan yang telah dilakukannya. Selanjutnya, bentuk remedies yang telah dijatuhkan kepada pihak yang kalah tersebut wajib dilaksanakan oleh pihak yang kalah tersebut. Apabila remedies tersebut dijatuhkan untuk Indonesia sebagai pihak yang kalah, maka terlebih dahulu putusan arbitrase tersebut mendapatkan pengakuan (recognition) dan pelaksaanaan (enforcement) berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Penentuan remedies ditentukan melalui beberapa metode perhitungan kompensasi yang berlaku dan prinsip-prinsip hukum mengenai kompensasi yang berlaku.
PIHAK YANG BERHAK MENDAPAT GANTI KERUGIAN DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BAGI PEMBANGUNAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM DI ATAS TANAH PAKU ALAM
Authors: Goldie Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Pada tahun 2015, dilakukan pembangunan Bandar Udara New Yogyakarta International Airport di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pembangunan tersebut dilakukan melalui pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dengan cara pemberian ganti kerugian kepada pihak yang berhak. Muncul permasalahan dimana pengadaan tanah tersebut dilaksanakan di atas tanah milik kerajaan (yang disebut Paku Alam Ground) yang telah dimiliki secara turun-temurun. Warga yang memanfaatkan tanah tersebut sebagai lahan penghasilan berupa petani tambak turut meminta ganti kerugian pada pemerintah. Berdasarkan penelitian, maka ganti kerugian hanya dapat diberikan pada pihak yang memiliki bukti kepemilikan atas tanaman ataupun benda lain di atasnya, yakni dalam kasus harus berupa izin usaha tambak. Dalam sengketa pemberian ganti kerugian, untuk mempercepat proses pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah maka pemerintah dapat melakukan penitipan ganti kerugian di Pengadilan Negeri yang merupakan tindakan pemerintah dalam ranah publik yang diamanatkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum.
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM LEMBAGA PENYELENGGARA PELAYANAN NAVIGASI PENERBANGAN INDONESIA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN NAVIGASI
Authors: Firtsa M. Rifqi Miftah Farid
Published: July 2020

Dalam perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) berusaha agar setiap negara anggotanya memiliki standar keselamatan penerbangan yang terjamin. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota ICAO diberikan suatu rekomendasi untuk merubah sistem pelayanan navigasi penerbangan menjadi single provider Air Traffic Services agar penerbangan Indonesia menjadi lebih baik. Dengan diberlakukannya single provider Air Traffic Services maka Indonesia membentuk suatu lembaga khusus yang melayani navigasi penerbangan yaitu Lembaga Penyelenggara Pelayanan Navigasi Penerbangan Indonesia yang dikelola oleh Badan Usaha Milik Negara. Kemudian, yang menjadi permasalahan adalah terkait tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat oleh pihak Lembaga Penyelenggara Pelayanan Navigasi Penerbangan Indonesia selaku penyedia jasa layanan navigasi penerbangan di Indonesia.
KERJASAMA INDONESIA DENGAN LEMBAGA-LEMBAGA TERKAIT DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI
Authors: Rachman Mohamad Iqbal Jamilurir
Published: July 2020

Pengungsi merupakan salah satu akibat dari bentuk pelanggaran terhadap nilai-nilai dasar kemanusiaan. Di tataran internasional, instrumen yang mengatur mengenai pengungsi adalah Konvensi Jenewa 1951 dan Protokol New York 1967. Dalam penanganan permasalahan pengungsi, PBB membentuk suatuorganisasi internasional yang berfokus dalam isu tersebut yaitu UNHCR. Di tataran nasional Indonesia, penanganan pengungsi diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Luar Negeri. Terkait penentuan atau penetapan status pengungsi di Indonesia diserahkankepada UNHCR mengingat Indonesia bukan negara pihak instrument internasional terkait. Ada lembaga lain yang turut andil dalam penanganan pengungsi di Indonesia selain UNHCR, yaitu IOM dan ICRC. Indonesia telah menjalin kerjasama dengan lembaga-lembaga ini dan berlangsung hinggasekarang. Namun kerjasama-kerjasama tersebut memerlukan peningkatan dikarenakan beberapa permasalahan muncul dalam proses penanganan pengungsi.
PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN KONSUMEN BERDASARKAN AKTA DI BAWAH TANGAN
Authors: Prabowo Yanuar Kukuh
Published: July 2020

Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen dalam perolehan kendaraan bermotor yang menggunakan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia serta Peraturan Perundangundangan terkait. Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen yang dibuat berdasarkan Undang-undang Jaminan Fidusia dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan terkait dalam perolehan kendaraan bermotor memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen (penerima fidusia) dan debitor (pemberi fidusia). Dalam perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen yang dibuat dibawah tangan, perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen tidak dapat mendaftarkan objek jaminan fidusia ke Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia karena syarat mutlak untuk dapat mendaftarkan objek jaminan fidusia adalah harus dalam bentuk akta otentik. Akibat hukumnya adalah perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen tidak dapat melakukan proses eksekusi apabila debitor melakukan wanprestasi sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Jaminan Fidusia. Salah satu faktor utama dari eksekusi jaminan fidusia adalah kemungkinan adanya kredit bermasalah. Meski secara umum kredit bermasalah di lembaga pembiayaan konsumen relatif kecil akan tetapi tetap saja masalah seperti ini hampir pasti dialami oleh setiap perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen.
SURAT PERINTAH KERJA (SPK) SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN KREDIT
Authors: Wiyatno Bima Ade
Published: July 2020

Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) mempunyai kegunaan yang sama dengan kontrak kerja yaitu untuk menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pihak pengguna dan penyedia jasa. Dengan adanya Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) atau kontrak kerja inilah yang nantinya akan menimbulkan suatu hak tagih penyedia jasa kepada pengguna jasa atas suatu pembayaran jika pengerjaan proyeknya telah selesai.Hak tagih ini identik dengan piutang atas nama karena yang dapat menagih adalah orang yang namanya tercantum dalam Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK). Hak tagih yang lahir dari Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) ini dapat dijadikan sebagai jaminan utama dalam pemohonan kredit kepada bank yang pengikatannya dilakukan secara cessie atau dengan penegasan pelimpahan termijn proyekyang disertai dengan surat penyertaan. Selain jaminan utama yang berupa Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) yang melahirkan hak tagih, terdapat juga jaminan tambahan. Jaminan tambahan digunakan untuk melunasi utang dari penyedia jasa kepada bank jika jaminan utama tidak dapat digunakan untuk melunasi utang tersebut. Adanya jaminan utama yang berupa hak tagih ditambah denganjaminan tambahan yang dipersyaratkan oleh pihak bank menyebabkan kedudukan pihak bank sebagai kreditur preverent. Apabila debitor tidak bisa memenuhi prestasinya sebagaimana yang telah diperjanjikan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya wanprestasi. Wanprestasi dapat terjadi karenaperbuatan yang disengaja maupun tidak sengaja. Ketika wanprestasi terjadi maka pihak bank akan berusaha agar penyedia jasa tetap dapat menyelesaikan proyeknya sehingga pelunasan utang debitor dapat diselesaikan melalui pengalihan hak tagih yang lahir dari Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) antara penyedia jasa dengan pengguna jasa . Apabila semua sudah dilakukan oleh pihak bank tetapi pihak penyedia jasa tetap tidak dapat menyelesaikan proyeknya sehingga pelunasan utang dengan Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) tidak dapat terlaksana maka pelunasan utang debitor dilakukan dengan mengeksekusi jaminan tambahan.
TANGGUNG GUGAT PENYELENGGARA PEER TO PEER LENDING JIKA PENERIMA PINJAMAN MELAKUKAN WANPRESTASI
Authors: Putri Candrika Radita
Published: July 2020

Teknologi telah berkembang pesat dan merambah ke berbagai bidang termasuk pada sektor finansial. Teknologi finansial mengubah sistem keuangan tradisional ke dalam bentuk digital dengan tujuan dapat menunjang perekonomian Indonesia serta memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat. Kemunculan teknologi finansial salah satunya diwujudkan dengan inovasi layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi atau biasa dikenal dengan Peer to peer Lending (P2P Lending).Dalam pengembangannya, belum banyak peraturan hukum yang dapat memayungi berjalannya kegiatan tersebut sehingga pelaksanaannya masih berada di wilayah abu-abu. Meskipun layanan ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan masyarakat, namun sangat berisiko karena para pihak yang melakukan perjanjian pinjam meminjam dalam P2P Lending tidak bertatap muka secara langsung pada saat pelaksanaan perjanjian ataupun bertransaksi. Hal tersebut terjadi karena pelaksanaan kegiatan P2P Lending mengandalkan sistem yang digerakkan teknologi. Penyelenggara P2P Lending tentunya berperan sangat penting dalam berjalannya kegiatan tersebut karena segala kegiatan yang terjadi pada sistem menjadi tanggung jawab penyelenggara. Selain itu penyelenggara juga berkedudukan sebagai perantara sehingga penerima dan pemberi pinjaman dapat bertemu dalam platform yang telah disediakan. Pada pelaksanaan P2P Lending, belum diberikan informasi secara gamblang dan rinci mengenai kedudukan para pihaknya untuk mengetahui pihak yang bertanggung gugat seandainya penerima pinjaman melakukan wanprestasi.
TA’ARUF SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TERJADINYA PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN DALAM HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Wulansari Emma Desy
Published: July 2020

Perkawinan dapat diputus salah satunya karena adanya pembatalan perkawinan. Namun dalam mengajukan pembatalan perkawinan harus disertakan alasan-alasan yang jelas. Pembatalan perkawinan yang dikabulkan biasanya dikarenakan syarat-syarat perkawinan tidak terpenuhi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 6 hingga Pasal 12 UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Tentu saja dengan adanya pembatalan perkawinan akan membawa akibat hukum baik kepada parapihak, kepada anak, dan kepada harta benda. Dengan meneliti beberapa ratio decidendi hakim dalam putusan, diketahui bahwa pembatalan perkawinan dapat terjadi karena kurang mengenalnya antara calon suami-isteri yang mengakibatkan adanya salah paham dikemudian hari setelah terjadinya perkawinan. Maka dalam Hukum Islam adanya suatu proses pengenalan yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya mencegah adanya kesalahpahaman antara pihak pria dan pihak wanita yang akan menikah sehingga dapat pula mencegah adanya pembatalan perkawinan dikemudian hari. Yaitu dengan proses ta‟aruf dan proses khitbah.
PENGUASAAN HAK ATAS TANAH DENGAN HAK PENGELOLAAN YANG DIKUASAI OLEH PT. PERTAMINA (STUDI KASUS: SENGKETA KOMPLEK MILITER ANTARA TNI DENGAN PT. PERTAMINA DI KEBON JERUK
Authors: Winantyo Levina Azaria
Published: July 2020

Hak Pengelolaan merupakan suatu Hak Menguasai Negara yang kewenangan pelaksanaannya sebagian dilimpahkan kepada pemegangnya. PT. Pertamina yang telah mempunyai Hak Pengelolaan dapat memberikan hak pengelolaannya dengan Hak Menumpang kepada TNI. Namun, sebelumnya Hak Pengelolaan yang dimiliki oleh PT. Pertamina harus memenuhi keabsahan wewenang, prosedur, dansubstansi. TNI yang hanya memeliki hak menumpang tidak boleh memberikan tanahnya kepada orang lain tanpa sepengetahuan pemegang hak dan tindakan TNI dalam melakukan penggusuran terhadap warga merupakan tindakan yang berada di luar kewenangannya. Akibat dari adanya kasus tersebut adalah PT. Pertamina selaku pemegang Hak Pengelolaan atas tanah di Kebon Jeruk dapat melakukan tindakan pemutusan hubungan hukum. Selain itu, PT. Pertamina juga dapat melakukan perlindungan hukum secara represif melalui jalur litigasi atas tindakan sewenang-wenang yang dilakukan oleh TNI.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM PENCURIAN IKAN DI WILAYAH ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA (ZEEI)
Authors: Kamal Mohammad Maulidan
Published: July 2020

Hampir semua praktek penangkapan secara illegal yang terjadi di Indonesia sebagian besar dilakukan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Hal ini sejalan dengan pemerintah yang sedang gencar-gencarnya memberantas pencurian ikan. Ketidakjelasan Pasal 102 Undang-Undang Perikanan menimbulkan penafsiran yang berbeda pada hakim dalam menangani perkara. Konsekuensi meratifikasi United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea (UNCLOS 1982) menghasilkan tanggung jawab baru bagi pemerintah untuk menerapkan aturan yang ada didalam UNCLOS 1982 menjadi hukum nasional yang berlaku di Indonesia. Termasuk ketentuan penegakan hukum terhadap kapal penangkap ikan asingyang melakukan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal di wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yuridis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Larangan penjatuhan hukuman badan terhadap Nahkoda atau Kepala Kamar Mesin kapal berbendera asing tidak boleh dikenai hukuman badan tapi dijatuhi hukuman denda. Ketentuan inimenimbulkan permasalahan baru, yaitu, syarat-syarat yang menyatakan denda harus dibayar, tidak dipatuhi. Hal ini menyebabkan kerugian baru bagi negara. Dalam prakteknya, terdapat perbedaan penerapan pemidanaan oleh hakim dengan dasar pertimbangan demi keadilan dan kepastian hukum.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM NASABAH PERORANGAN DALAM TRANSAKSI DI PASAR VALUTA ASING
Authors: Ajiaksa Pundra
Published: July 2020

Jenis transaksi valuta asing dibagi menjadi dua macam yaitu transaksi pertukaran valuta biasa yang disebut dengan spot, dan transaksi derivatif (margin trading) yang merupakan transaksi yang nilainya diturunkan dari sebuah nilai atau harga acuan jenis produk valuta asing tertentu. Transaksi valuta asing dikenal sebagai transaksi yang berisiko tinggi sehingga diperlukan adanya perlindungan hukum dalam pelaksanaannya agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian yang mungkin akan diderita oleh pihak khususnya bagi nasabah perorangan. Perlindungan nasabah perorangan dalam transaksi valuta asing mencakup perlindungan hukum preventif yang  diimplementasikan dalam ketentuan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 18/18/Pbi/2016 dan perlindungan hukum represif yang berhubungan denganupaya pergantian kerugian.