bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular α‐Arylation of Amides with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Zheng Bing , Jia Tiezheng , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: December 2013

The first deprotonative cross‐coupling reaction of amides with aryl chlorides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of TiO2 Nanoparticle Phase Alteration and Its Catalytic Effect on the Chemoselective N‐Sulphonylation of Amines and Urazoles.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Soleimanei Fatemeh , Jaleh Babak
Published: December 2013

Heating TiO2 at 900 °C results in formation of a pure rutile phase with significantly increased particle size (from 30 to 300 nm).
ChemInform Abstract: “On‐Water” One‐Pot Pseudo Four‐Component Domino Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel Benzo[a]cyclooctenes.
Authors: Maharani Seeni , Kumar Raju Ranjith
Published: December 2013

A base‐promoted one‐pot pseudo four component reaction of cyclooctanone, aromatic aldehydes, and two equivalents of malononitrile is presented to give the title compounds (IV) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylated PEG (PPEG) as a New Support for Generation of Nano‐Pd(0): Application to the Heck—Mizoroki and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Riazi Asma , Shakerpoor Alireza
Published: December 2013

This describes new nano‐Pd catalysts generated in situ from PdCl2 and bis‐diphenylphosphorylated PEGs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation with Concomitant C—C Bond Formation via 1,2‐Migration of an Aryl Group.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Shimizu Ryo , Usui Yoshihiko , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: December 2013

The title reaction starting from allylic alcohols (I) and (IV) affords α‐substituted‐β‐trifluoromethyl carbonyl compounds (III) and (V)/(VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes via Direct Oxidative Arene—Alkene Coupling.
Authors: Jones Roderick C. , Galezowski Michal , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: December 2013

The use of K2S2O8 in combination with Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst in a solvent mixture of AcOH and acetonitrile gives efficient access to trisubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Arylacetylenes and Addition of Malonates to 1,3‐Enynes.
Authors: Mochizuki Katsufumi , Sakai Kazunori , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: December 2013

An 8‐quinolinolato rhodium catalyst is found to be effective for head‐to‐tail selective dimerization of arylacetylenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of 2‐Hydroxynaphthazarins to Acyclic and Cyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones. Prototropic Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of the Adducts.
Authors: Balaneva N. N. , Radchenko O. S. , Glazunov V. P. , Novikov V. L.
Published: December 2013

It is shown that the Michael‐type adducts with cyclohexanone or methyl vinyl ketone at C‐3 exist as a mixture of open‐chain and cyclic tautomers in CDCl3 solutions, whereas adducts with cyclopentanones at C‐3 exist only in the open‐chain form.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategy Toward γ‐Keto Nitriles and Their Biocatalytic Conversion to Asymmetric γ‐Lactones.
Authors: Franz Sarah E. , Watkins Richard R. , Wright Laura A. , Weaver Blair A. , Hartage Ramon C. , Ghiviriga Ion , Gumina Giuseppe , Feske Brent D.
Published: December 2013

A procedure for the synthesis of aryl and alkyl γ‐keto nitriles (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [4 + 1] Annulation of α,α‐Dialkyl β‐Oxo Amides and Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide: A Synthetic Route to β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactams.
Authors: Zhang Dingyuan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Ning , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen
Published: December 2013

A suggested mechanism of the title reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of an in situ generated sulfur ylide on the carbonyl group of (I), followed by proton exchange and intramolecular lactamization with elimination of DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Trifluoromethylated Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Darehkordi Ali , Rahmani Fariba , Hashemi Vahide
Published: December 2013

Reactions of indole, indole‐3‐carbaldehyde, and indol‐3‐ylacetic acid with N‐aryl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides are reported in the presence of NaH as the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Urea Postmodified in a Metal—Organic Framework as a Catalytically Active Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donating Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Wu , Liu Tao , Hu Yong‐Zhou , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: December 2013

A novel urea‐containing metal—organic framework is prepared and successfully applied as heterogeneous catalyst for the Friedel—Crafts alkylation of indoles, N‐methylpyrrole, and N,N‐dimethylaniline with nitroalkenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Cascade Cyclization to Prepare Dihydrothiophenes Induced by Thiyl Radicals as Sulfur Biradical Equivalents.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Miyazaki Koichiro , Yamane Yu , Yo Ryuichiro , Ishikawa Shingo , Uno Hidemitsu , Sumimoto Michinori
Published: December 2013

Photochemical treatment of enyne compounds of type (I) with large excess of disulfide results in convenient and stereoselective formation of pyrrolothiophene derivatives which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complex‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Thiolation of Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Inomata Hiroshi , Toh Ayumi , Mitsui Takashi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2013

NHC‐CuI complexes are described as efficient catalysts for the direct C2‐thiolation of C2‐unsubstituted benzothiazoles (I) and (IV) as well as benzoxazole (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Oxadiazoles from Benzoylhydrazines.
Authors: Ma Huan‐Yue , Zha Zheng‐Gen , Zhang Zhen‐Lei , Meng Li , Wang Zhi‐Yong
Published: December 2013

Oxadiazoles (II) are synthesized by anodic oxidation of benzoyl hydrazines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide‐Substituted 5,6,7‐Trimethoxyflavones on Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Kim Dong Han , Yun Bo Hee , Choi Eun Woo , Oh Sang Min , Alam Md. Maqusood , Lee Kyung‐Tae , Lee Yong Sup
Published: December 2013

The synthesis and the biological evaluation of a range of sulfonated flavones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Alkynylation of Chromones by Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Patonay Tamas , Pazurik Istvan , Abraham Anita
Published: December 2013

The Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction of 2‐brominated chromones is developed to yield the corresponding ethynylchromones.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonamides Containing Coumarin Moieties Selectively and Potently Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrases II and IX: Design, Synthesis, Inhibitory Activity and 3D‐QSAR Analysis.
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Liang , et al. et al.
Published: December 2013

The compounds (IIId) and (Vc) show most potent inhibitory effects against human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors hCAII and the tumor‐associated isozyme hCA IX.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization (5‐exo/3‐exo), Ring‐Expansion by Palladium Rearrangement, and Aromatization: An Expedient Synthesis of 4‐Arylnicotinates from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Se Hee , Lee Hyun Ju , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: December 2013

N‐Bromoallyl‐N‐tosyl compounds of type (I) ‐ readily derived from Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts ‐ undergo Pd‐catalyzed domino 5‐exo/3‐exo carbapalladation, ring‐expansion rearrangement, and aromatization to give pyridines (III) in fair yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Quinolin‐2‐(1H)‐ones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Carrer Amandine , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Messaoudi Samir , Alami Mouad
Published: December 2013

An efficient catalytic system consisting of PdBr2/AsPH3 is developed to allow the decarboxylative coupling of the title substrates with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline Potassium Salt: A Superior Catalyst to Synthesize 4‐Trifluoromethyl Quinoline Derivatives via Friedlander Annulation.
Authors: Du Xiao Long , Jiang Biao , Li Yuan Chao
Published: December 2013

For the first time, proline potassium salt is successfully used to catalyze the Friedlander annulation towards the synthesis of 4‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Cycloamination of N‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines and N‐Arylamidines Catalyzed by an in situ Generated Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: He Yimiao , Huang Jinbo , Liang Dongdong , Liu Lanying , Zhu Qiang
Published: December 2013

A metal‐free synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles such as (II), (IV), and (VI)/(VII) and benzimidazoles (IX) from corresponding N‐aryl‐2‐aminopyridines (I), (III), and (V) and N‐arylamidines (VIII), resp., is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5‐diones Using an Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Azimi Seyyedeh Cobra , Abbaspour‐Gilandeh Esmayeel
Published: December 2013

The use of [bmim]HSO4 renders possible the preparation of the title compounds at ambient temperature via three component reaction between hydroxyquinolinone (I), Meldrum′s acid, and aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Construction of 2‐Aminopyrimidines from Alkynenitriles and Cyanamides.
Authors: Lane Timothy K. , Nguyen Minh H. , D'Souza Brendan R. , Spahn Nathan A. , Louie Janis
Published: December 2013

The first catalytic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition to give aromatic diazaheterocycles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Simplification of Antitumoral Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids: Short Synthesis of Cytotoxic Indolizidinone and Pyrrolidine Analogues.
Authors: Miguelez Javier , Boto Alicia , Marin Raquel , Diaz Mario
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of hydroxyl proline derived indolizidinone and pyrrolidine derivatives bearing aromatic substituents is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Component Reactions: An Efficient and Green Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones and Thiones Using Silica Gel‐Supported L‐Pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic Acid‐4‐Hydrogen Sulfate.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Zamani Parisa
Published: December 2013

The use of a nontoxic and thermally stable amino acid catalyst provides an improved protocol for the Biginelli reaction with minimal amount of waste.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Silica‐Promoted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Triazoloquinazolinone and Benzimidazoquinazolinones.
Authors: Krishnamurthy G. , Jagannath K. V.
Published: December 2013

A simple and environmentally benign silica‐promoted multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of triazolo‐ or benzimidazoquinazolinone heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of 5,6,7‐Trimethoxy‐N‐phenyl(ethyl)‐4‐aminoquinazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Ying , Jin Linhong , Xiang Hongmei , Wu Jian , Wang Peiyi , Hu Deyu , Xue Wei , Yang Song
Published: December 2013

The microwave‐assisted synthesis and the biological evaluation of a series of the title compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reductive Mizoroki—Heck Approach to Dibenzo[b,e]oxepine.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ghosh Tapas , Ponra Sudipta
Published: December 2013

Pd‐Catalyzed reductive Mizoroki—Heck reaction of alkynes of type (I) is developed using sodium formate as reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Cu2O‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Selenides from Elemental Selenium.
Authors: Zhang Shaozhong , Karra Kranthi , Heintz Christina , Kleckler Erica , Jin Jin
Published: December 2013

A microwave‐assisted method is developed for the copper‐catalyzed reaction of aryl iodides with elemental selenium to give diaryl selenides in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia vestita.
Authors: Tian Shuai‐Hua , Chai Xing‐Yun , Zan Ke , Zeng Ke‐Wu , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: December 2013

Title compounds [(I), (II), and (III)], named as artemivestinolides A‐C are isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita and shown to exhibit moderate inhibition of LPS‐induced nitric oxide production in BV‐2 microglial cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cytotoxic Effects on Human Breast Carcinoma of New Methoxylated Flavonoids from Euryops arabicus Grown in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Alarif Walied M. , Abdel‐Lateff Ahmed , Al‐Abd Ahmed M. , Basaif Salim A. , Badria Farid A. , Shams Maher , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin N.
Published: December 2013

The new kaurane diterpene (I) and the flavones (II) are isolated from Euryops arabicus for the first time along with five known flavones.
ChemInform Abstract: Epimeric Methylsulfinyladenosine Derivatives from the Marine Ascidian Herdmania momus.
Authors: Li Jian Lin , Kim Eun La , Wang Haibo , Hong Jongki , Shin Sook , Lee Chong‐Kyo , Jung Jee H.
Published: December 2013

Compounds (Ia) and (Ib) and their epimers at the sulfur atom are rare methylsulfinyladenosine derivatives of interconvertible transesterification isomers and/or sulfinyl epimers.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Prenylated Flavanone [(I)‐(III)] from the Root Bark of Morus.
Authors: Hong Seong Su , Hong Sungeun , Lee Hak Ju , Mar Woongchon , Lee Dongho
Published: December 2013

The title root is used in Korean and Chinese folk medicine and its constituents show neuroprotective activity amongst others.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomeric Recognition of Amino Acid Salts by Macrocyclic Crown Ethers Derived from Enantiomerically Pure 1,8,9,16‐Tetrahydroxytetraphenylenes.
Authors: Cheng Chao , Cai Zongwei , Peng Xiao‐Shui , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: December 2013

Asymmetric synthesis of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐tetrahydroxytetraphenylenes is achieved by utilizing a center‐to‐axis strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Uniform Disk‐Shaped Copper Telluride Nanocrystals and Cation Exchange to Cadmium Telluride Quantum Disks with Stable Red Emission.
Authors: Li Hongbo , Brescia Rosaria , Povia Mauro , Prato Mirko , Bertoni Giovanni , Manna Liberato , Moreels Iwan
Published: December 2013

Stable colloids of disk‐shaped hexagonal Cu2Te nanocrystals are prepared by injecting a trioctylphosphine/Te (3:1) solution into solution of Cu(acac)2 1‐octanethiol, and oleic acid (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Electron Density Studies of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Stokkebro Schoekel Mette , Overgaard Jacob , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo
Published: December 2013

Review: < 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Cope‐Type Hydroamination Reactions of Hydroxylamine and Hydrazine Derivatives
Authors: Beauchemin Andre M.
Published: December 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpene‐Derived Bifunctional Thioureas in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Narayanaperumal Senthil , Rivera Daniel G. , Silva Rodrigo C. , Paixao Marcio W.
Published: December 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Powerful Amino Acid Derived Bifunctional Phosphine Catalysts Bearing a Hydrogen Bond Donor in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen
Published: December 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Cyclization Initiated by Cross‐Rauhut—Currier Reactions
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Huang You
Published: December 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Based Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrosilylation
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Pandarus Valerica , Beland Francois
Published: December 2013

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions
Authors: Karimi Babak , Enders Dieter , Jafari Ehsan
Published: December 2013

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies to Benzopyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepines
Authors: El Bialy Serry A. , Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F.
Published: December 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advanced Strategies for Extending the Nitrogen Chain in the Synthesis of High Nitrogen Compounds
Authors: Tang Yongxing , Yang Hongwei , Chang Guangbin
Published: December 2013

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of Chiral Tetraphenylenes
Authors: Han Jian‐Wei , Chen Jing‐Xing , Li Xin , Peng Xiao‐Shui , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: December 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Addition of Phosphorus‐Containing Interelement Compounds to Alkynes
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Ogawa Akiya
Published: December 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Amido‐, Carbamido‐ and Carbamatoalkylnaphthols
Authors: Csutortoki Renata , Szatmari Istvan , Fulop Ferenc
Published: December 2013

Review: < 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Update 1 Of: Enantioselective Enzymatic Desymmetrizations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Garcia‐Urdiales Eduardo , Alfonso Ignacio , Gotor Vicente
Published: December 2013

Review: 598 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordering of Conjugated Polymer Molecules: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Yao Yifan , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Guanidine)copper Complexes: Structural Variety and Application in Bioinorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Bienemann Olga , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: December 2013

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fifth Element in Drug Design: Boron in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Kahlert Jan , Austin Christopher J. D. , Kassiou Michael , Rendina Louis M.
Published: December 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Activity of Small‐Molecule and Nanoparticulate Arsenic(III) Complexes
Authors: Swindell Elden P. , Hankins Patrick L. , Chen Haimei , Miodragovic Denana U. , O'Halloran Thomas V.
Published: December 2013

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Similarity: Methods and Performance.
Authors: Cai Chaoqian , Gong Jiayu , Liu Xiaofeng , Gao Daqi , Li Honglin
Published: December 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring New Computing Paradigms in Theoretical Chemistry
Authors: Sarkar Kanchan , Bhattacharyya S. P.
Published: December 2013

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amplifications in Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Optical Enantioselectivity, and Weak Value Measurement
Authors: Rhee Hanju , Choi Joseph S. , Starling David J. , Howell John C. , Cho Minhaeng
Published: December 2013

Review: 41 refs.
Exploring Self‐criticism: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the FSCRS in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples
Authors: Castilho Paula , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Duarte Joana
Published: December 2013

The Forms of Self‐criticizing/Attacking and Self‐reassuring Scale (FSCRS) is a self‐report questionnaire that assesses the forms of self‐criticism and self‐reassurance. The aim of this study was to explore the latent structure of the FSCRS in nonclinical and clinical samples. Data from 381 participants from the general population and from 304 participants from clinical settings were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses to explore several structural models reflecting alternative representations of the FSCRS dimensionality. Overall, the model with the best fit to the data, in both samples, was the three‐factor model (inadequate self, hated self and reassured self subscales) replicating the FSCRS original structure. The scale showed good psychometric characteristics, and the three factors discriminated between the clinical and nonclinical samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the factor structure of the FSCRS in a purely clinical sample, and to test alternative models. This study adds to the existent literature that has been supporting the conceptualization of self‐criticism as a multidimensional construct. Given the good psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the FSCRS, its use is encouraged and recommended for the assessment of self‐criticism in both clinical and research settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Our results suggest that self‐criticism is associated with psychopathology indicators and, for this reason, should be addressed in clinical settings. Also, self‐criticism is not a single process, and thus therapists may need to explore in more detail its different forms (i.e., feeling inadequate and hateful feelings for the self).

The FSCRS questionnaire may be an important tool in aiding therapists in assessing their patients, given its ability to discriminate individuals from the normal population and individuals from clinical settings. Thus, self‐criticism is s not only theoretically but also clinically meaningful.

Given the idea that self‐reassuring operates through a different affect system, helping people develop inner warmth and compassion for the self may be important to counteract feelings of self‐hatred and self‐attack.
Synthesis of Heterodimetallic Complexes by Reaction of a Terminal Phosphido Pt Complex with Metal‐Based Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
Authors: Latronico Mario , Todisco Stefano , Gallo Vito , Englert Ulli , Mastrorilli Piero
Published: December 2013

The complex trans‐[PtCl(PCy2)(PHCy2)2] (1) possesses a terminal phosphanido group (PCy2) and a chloride ligand, which render it a good candidate for the synthesis of phosphanido‐bridged heterodimetallic species (PHCy2)2Pt(μ‐PCy2)M–L by reaction either with carbonyl metalates, as metal‐based nucleophiles, or with metal‐based electrophiles. The heterodinuclear complexes [(PHCy2)2Pt(μ‐PCy2)Co(CO)3](Pt–Co) (2), [(PHCy2)2Pt(μ‐PCy2)Mo(CO)2Cp](Pt–Mo) (3), and [(PHCy2)2Pt(μ‐PCy2)W(CO)2Cp](Pt–W) (4) are obtained by reaction of 1 with the carbonyl metalates Na[Co(CO)4], Na[Mo(CO)3Cp] and Na[W(CO)3Cp], respectively. Although 2 is reluctant to react with carbon monoxide, 3 and 4 are promptly carbonylated under ambient conditions to afford mixtures of the cis and trans isomers of [(PHCy2)(CO)Pt(μ‐PCy2)M(CO)2Cp] (M = Mo or W), which interconvert through dissociation/reassociation of the CO ligand coordinated to the Pt centre. The reaction of 1 with AuCl(PPh3) leads to the formation of the trinuclear Pt2Au complexes cis‐ and trans‐[{Cl(PHCy2)2Pt(μ‐PCy2)}2Au]Cl (cis‐ and trans‐[8]Cl), in which a Au atom bridges two molecules of 1 through the originally terminal phosphanide ligands.
Marine Toxins in Italy: The More You Look, the More You Find
Authors: Ciminiello Patrizia , Dell'Aversano Carmela , Forino Martino , Tartaglione Luciana
Published: December 2013

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are massive proliferations of toxic algal species that occur under appropriate climatic and environmental conditions. HABs can exert their adverse impacts both on the environment and on particular living organisms through the production of marine biotoxins. Consumption of contaminated seafood or direct exposure to marine biotoxins (swimming, aerosols etc.) can result in human illness or even death. Thousands of cases of marine‐toxin‐related human poisoning are reported every year on a global basis. In Italy, research on marine biotoxins has shown a continuously changing toxin profile, with most of the toxin classes known so far being found at some point in seafood and seawater. Starting in the late 1980s, with the first finding of a marine biotoxin, okadaic acid, along the Italian coastline, a number of other classes of marine toxins – namely, yessotoxins, pectenotoxins, saxitoxins, domoic acid, spirolides, palytoxins and azaspiracids – have been found. Here we provide an overview, in chronological order, of the many classes of marine biotoxins that have infested Italian seawater over the past 25 years.
Polymorphisms in drug‐metabolizing enzymes and risk to head and neck cancer: Evidence for gene–gene and gene–environment interaction
Authors: Maurya Shailendra S. , Anand Gautam , Dhawan Ankur , Khan Anwar J. , Jain Swatantra K. , Pant Mohan C. , Parmar Devendra
Published: December 2013

A case–control study involving 750 cases with squamous‐cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and an equal number of healthy controls was initiated to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the drug metabolizing genes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, CYP2E1 and glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) with the risk of developing cancer. Attempts were also made to identify the role and nature of gene–gene and gene–environment interactions in modifying the susceptibility to HNSCC. Polymorphisms in drug metabolizing CYPs or GSTM1 showed modest associations with cancer risk. However, cases carrying haplotypes with variant alleles of both CYP1A1*2A and *2C or CYP1B1*2 and *3 or CYP2E1*5B and *6 were at significant risk of developing HNSCC. Likewise, cases carrying a combination of variant genotypes of CYPs and GSM1 (null) were at higher risk (up to 5‐fold) of developing HNSCC. HNSCC risk also increased several‐fold in cases carrying variant genotypes of CYPs who were regular tobacco smokers (8–18‐fold), tobacco chewers (3–7‐fold), or alcohol users (2–4‐fold). Statistical analysis revealed a more than multiplicative interaction between combinations of the variant genotypes of CYPs and GSTM1 (null) and between variant genotypes and tobacco smoking or chewing or alcohol consumption, in both case–control and case‐only designs. The data thus suggest that although polymorphisms in carcinogen‐metabolizing CYPs may be a modest risk factor for developing HNSCC, gene–gene, and gene–environment interactions play a significant role in modifying the susceptibility to HNSCC. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:134–144, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced osteoconductivity of sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite by system instability
Authors: Sang Cho Jung , Um Seung‐Hoon , Su Yoo Dong , Chung Yong‐Chae , Hye Chung Shin , Lee Jeong‐Cheol , Rhee Sang‐Hoon
Published: December 2013

The effect of substituting sodium for calcium on enhanced osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite was newly investigated. Sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid with sodium nitrate followed by sintering. As a control, pure hydroxyapatite was prepared under identical conditions, but without the addition of sodium nitrate. Substitution of calcium with sodium in hydroxyapatite produced the structural vacancies for carbonate ion from phosphate site and hydrogen ion from hydroxide site of hydroxyapatite after sintering. The total system energy of sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite with structural defects calculated by ab initio methods based on quantum mechanics was much higher than that of hydroxyapatite, suggesting that the sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite was energetically less stable compared with hydroxyapatite. Indeed, sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite exhibited higher dissolution behavior of constituent elements of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and Tris‐buffered deionized water compared with hydroxyapatite, which directly affected low‐crystalline hydroxyl‐carbonate apatite forming capacity by increasing the degree of apatite supersaturation in SBF. Actually, sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite exhibited markedly improved low‐crystalline hydroxyl‐carbonate apatite forming capacity in SBF and noticeably higher osteoconductivity 4 weeks after implantation in calvarial defects of New Zealand white rabbits compared with hydroxyapatite. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between hydroxyapatite and sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite on cytotoxicity as determined by BCA assay. Taken together, these results indicate that sodium‐substituted hydroxyapatite with structural defects has promising potential for use as a bone grafting material due to its enhanced osteoconductivity compared with hydroxyapatite. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1046–1062, 2014.
Tips for double balloon enteroscopy in patients with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction and modified Child surgery
Authors: Shimatani Masaaki , Takaoka Makoto , Okazaki Kazuichi
Published: December 2013

Pancreatobiliary disease in patients with altered anatomic intestine is one of the most difficult cases for pancreatobiliary endoscopic therapies and diagnosis. There are two major challenges to overcome to complete the procedure. The first challenge is the deep insertion to the blind end. The second challenge is the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)‐related intervention. Impairing either success means the incompletion of the procedure. The double balloon enteroscope (DBE), which has been recently developed, enabled the deep intubation to the blind end. Especially, using the scopes with a short working length allowed us to perform the ERCP‐related interventions with a high success rate. Generally, ERCP using double balloon endoscope (DB‐ERCP) in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy has been established. We introduce our standard technique for DB‐ERCP and provide several tips for insuring a successful procedure.
Diagnostic criteria for pancreaticobiliary maljunction 2013
Authors: Kamisawa Terumi , Ando Hisami , Hamada Yoshinori , Fujii Hideki , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Urushihara Naoto , Itoi Takao , Shimada Hiroshi ,   The Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction
Published: December 2013

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is a congenital malformation in which the pancreatic and bile ducts join anatomically outside the duodenal wall. The diagnostic criteria for pancreaticobiliary maljunction were proposed in 1987. The committee of The Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (JSGPM) for diagnostic criteria for pancreaticobiliary maljunction began to revise the diagnostic criteria from 2011 taking recently advanced diagnostic imaging techniques into consideration, and the final revised version was approved in the 36th Annual Meeting of JSPBM. For diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary maljunction, an abnormally long common channel and/or an abnormal union between the pancreatic and bile ducts must be evident on direct cholangiography, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transpehatic cholangiography, or intraoperative cholangiography; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; or three‐dimensional drip infusion cholangiography computed tomography. However, in cases with a relatively short common channel, it is necessary to confirm that the effect of the papillary sphincter does not extend to the junction by direct cholangiography. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction can be diagnosed also by endoscopic ultrasonography or multi‐planar reconstruction images provided by multi‐detector row computed tomography. Elevated amylase levels in bile and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation strongly suggest the existence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction.
Survival probabilities of adult Mongolian gazelles
Authors: Olson Kirk A. , Larsen Elise A. , Mueller Thomas , Leimgruber Peter , Fuller Todd K. , Schaller George B. , Fagan William F.
Published: December 2013

Mongolian gazelles are Central Asia's most abundant plains ungulate and an iconic symbol of large unfragmented grasslands. Despite a long history of commercial harvesting and subsistence hunting by herding households, adult gazelle demographic data is almost non‐existent. We calculated cause‐specific mortality rates for 49 adult gazelles collared with a global positioning system. Exponential models provided better fits to survival distributions from collared gazelles than did either Weibull or Gompertz models, and yielded an overall estimated annual mortality risk of 36%. The estimated daily hazard rate from human‐caused mortality was 30% greater than the hazard rate due to natural mortality alone. Estimated median lifespan of adult gazelles was just 4 years, which concurred with age data taken from incisor cementum annuli obtained from harvested animals and from a natural mass mortality. For gazelles that have already reached adulthood, in the absence of hunting mortality, the estimated median lifespan of collared gazelles increased from 4 years to 8 years. Survivorship estimates from the complete telemetry dataset (including both natural and human‐caused mortality sources) yielded lifespan estimates in line with greatly shortened lifespans evident during periods of heightened mortality, whether from a mass‐mortality event or commercial hunting. When compared to earlier population models for the species, our results suggest current survival rates based on measures of natural and human‐caused mortality will not support a stable population. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Comparing traditional ecological knowledge and western science woodland caribou habitat models
Authors: Polfus Jean L. , Heinemeyer Kimberly , Hebblewhite Mark ,   Taku River Tlingit First Nation
Published: December 2013

Negotiating the complexities of wildlife management increasingly requires new approaches, especially where data may be limited. A robust combination of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and western science has the potential to improve management decisions and enhance the validity of ecological inferences. We examined the strengths and weaknesses of predicting woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat selection with resource selection functions (RSF) based on western science and TEK‐based models within the territory of the Taku River Tlingit First Nation of northern British Columbia. We developed seasonal RSF models with data from 10 global positioning system collared caribou. We generated TEK‐based habitat suitability index models from interviews with Taku River Tlingit members. We tested the ability of both habitat models to spatially predict the occurrence of collared caribou locations. To portray differences between the models, we statistically and visually compared the spatial predictions of TEK and RSF modeling approaches using Kappa statistics and k‐fold cross validation. Kappa statistics of habitat ranks from the models showed substantial agreement during summer (K = 0.649) and fair agreement during winter (K = 0.337). We found that both TEK and RSF models predicted independent caribou locations (Spearman's rank correlations from k‐fold cross‐validation ranged from 0.612 to 0.997). Differences in model performance were a result of RSF models predicting more relatively high quality habitat than TEK models. Given the widespread declines of woodland caribou across the boreal forest of Canada, and the requirement of the Canadian Species at Risk Act to incorporate both traditional and western science approaches into recovery planning, our results demonstrate that TEK‐based habitat models can effectively inform recovery planning for this imperiled species. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of body size and sex of Drymarchon couperi (eastern indigo snake) on habitat use, movements, and home range size in Georgia
Authors: Hyslop Natalie L. , Meyers J. Michael , Cooper Robert J. , Stevenson Dirk J.
Published: December 2013

The federally threatened eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), native to the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, has experienced population declines caused primarily by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. To examine spatial and habitat use requirements of the species, we radiotracked 32 eastern indigo snakes from 2002 to 2004 on Fort Stewart Military Installation and adjacent private lands in Georgia. We estimated annual and seasonal home ranges and evaluated a priori hypotheses examining morphometric and ecological factors (sex, body size, location) associated with intraspecific differences in home range size. We analyzed habitat use hierarchically by examining use across the study area and within home ranges. Annual home range size varied from 33 ha to 1,528 ha (average minimum convex polygon: ; ). Individual home range size was most influenced by sex (males with larger home ranges) followed by body size. Compositional analysis of habitat use suggested positive selection for wetland, evergreen forest, and pine‐hardwood (mixed) forest, with an avoidance of roads and deciduous forests. Seasonally, indigo snakes used the highest diversity of habitats as they moved from xeric uplands (sandhills) in winter and early spring to wetlands and uplands other than sandhills in summer; however, snakes continued to use sandhill habitats (35–58% of locations seasonally) with gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows throughout the warmest months. In Georgia, management and conservation of the eastern indigo snake should include conservation of large tracts of undeveloped land, containing a matrix of xeric uplands with suitable underground shelters and adjacent wetland habitats. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Reactions of p‐Substituted Phenols with Nitrous Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Rubio María A. , Lissi Eduardo , Olivera Nicol , Reyes Jael L. , López‐Alarcon Camilo
Published: December 2013

The reaction of phenols with nitrite (nitrous acid HONO, or its conjugated base, NO2−) is of importance in stomach fluids (low pH) and in atmospheric hydrometeors (mild acid and basic pH). The initial reaction associated with the oxidation/nitration of 4‐substitued phenols promoted by HONO/NO2 depends on the pH of the solution. At low pH, the initial step involves the reaction between HONO and phenol, whereas at basic conditions this involves an electron transfer from the phenoxy anion to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) producing the nitrite anion. The rate of both processes is determined by the donor capacity of the substituent at the 4‐position of the phenol, and the data obtained at pH 2.3 follow a linear Hammett‐type correlation with a slope equal to –1.23. The partition of the gaseous intermediates (NO and NO2) makes the rate of HONO‐mediated oxidation dependent on their gas–liquid distribution. At low pH, the main process is phenol oxidation, even in oxygen‐free conditions, and the presence of any 4‐substituted phenol decreases the rate of HONO auto‐oxidation.
Plant polyphenols in the treatment of age‐associated diseases: Revealing the pleiotropic effects of icariin by network analysis
Authors: Schluesener Jan Kevin , Schluesener Hermann
Published: December 2013

Polyphenols are a broad class of compounds. Some are ingested in substantial quantities from nutritional sources, more are produced by medicinal plants, and some of them are taken as drugs. It is becoming clear, that a single polyphenol is impacting several cellular pathways. Thus, a network approach is becoming feasible, describing the interaction of a single polyphenol with cellular networks. Here we have selected icariin to draw a prototypic network of icariin activities. Icariin appears to be a promising drug to treat major age‐related diseases, like neurodegeneration, memory and depressive disorders, chronic inflammation, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It interacts with several relevant pathways, like PDE, TGF‐ß, MAPK, PPAR, NOS, IGF, Sirtuin, and others. Such networks will be useful to future comparative studies of complex effects of polyphenols.
Zuckersüß und richtig wichtig
Authors: Memmel Elisabeth , Seibel Jürgen
Published: December 2013

Lange Zeit war die Bedeutung komplexer Zucker schwer einzuordnen — nun avancieren sie bei Diagnostik und Therapie lebensbedrohlicher Krankheiten zum Hoffnungsträger.
Unpolarer Analyt, unpolare Matrix: das Mykotoxin Zearalenon in Öl
Authors: Weiz Stefan , Marten Silvia , Heinze Julia , Drzymala Sarah , Koch Matthias
Published: December 2013

Mit einer automatisierten Online‐Festphasenextraktion ist das Schimmelpilzgift Zearalenon in Speiseöl mit HPLC direkt bestimmbar. Die Probenvorbereitung ist hochselektiv und eignet sich für die Routinekontrolle des EU‐Grenzwerts.
Drogen, Wein, Getreide
Authors: Vinke Ingeborg
Published: December 2013

Chemiker in den Zolllaboren untersuchen und bewerten Waren und unterstützen so die Zollbehörden bei der Kontrolle des Warenverkehrs. Außerdem tragen sie dazu bei, illegalen Handel und Betrug aufzudecken und zu ahnden.
Performance of instrumental variable methods in cohort and nested case–control studies: a simulation study
Authors: Uddin Md. Jamal , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , de Boer Anthonius , Belitser Svetlana V. , Roes Kit C. B. , Hoes Arno W. , Klungel Olaf H.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

Instrumental variable (IV) analysis is becoming increasingly popular to adjust for confounding in observational pharmacoepidemiologic research. One of the prerequisites of an IV is that it is strongly associated with exposure; if it is weakly associated with exposure, IV estimates are reported to be biased. We aimed to assess the performance of IV estimates in various (pharmaco‐)epidemiologic settings.

Methods

Data were simulated for continuous/binary exposure, outcome and IV in cohort and nested case–control (NCC) designs with different incidences of the outcome. Pearson's correlation, point bi‐serial correlation, odds ratio (OR), and F‐statistic were used to assess the IV‐exposure association. Two‐stage analysis was performed to estimate the exposure effect.

Results

For all types of IV and exposure in the cohort and NCC designs, IV estimates were extremely unstable and biased when the IV was very weakly associated with exposure (e.g. Pearson's correlation < 0.15 for continuous or OR < 2.0 for binary IV and exposure; although specific cut‐off values depend on simulation settings). For stronger IVs, estimates were unbiased and become less variable compared with weaker IVs in the case of continuous and binary (risk difference scale) outcomes. For a similar IV‐exposure association (e.g. OR = 1.4 and 5% incidence of the outcome), the variability of the estimates was more pronounced in the NCC (standard deviation = 2.37, case : control = 1:5) compared with the cohort design (standard deviation = 1.14). The variability was even more pronounced for rare (≤1%) outcomes. However, IV estimates from the NCC design became less variable with an increasing number of controls per case. Moreover, estimates were biased when the IV was related to confounders even with strong IVs.

Conclusions

Instrumental variable analysis performs poorly when the IV‐exposure association is extremely weak, especially in the NCC design. IV estimates in the NCC design become less variable when the number of control increases. As NCC does not use the entire cohort, in order to achieve stable estimates, this design requires a stronger IV‐exposure association than the cohort design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rigidity loss of protein macromolecule induced by force—Effective field theory
Authors: Meilikhov E.Z. , Farzetdinova R.M.
Published: December 2013

In the framework of the effective field theory for the order parameter, which characterizes the degree of deviating the protein globule structure from its native state, the phase transition of the protein macromolecule from the elastic state into the plastic one under its mechanical stretching is considered. Elastic properties of a protein are studied as a function of the applied force, temperature, and the mean coordination number of the protein “network.” Proteins 2014; 82:966–974. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical investigations on C2H4Nb complex as a potential hydrogen storage system, using moller–plesset (MP2) and density functional theory
Authors: Niaz Saba , Manzoor Taniya , Islam Nasarul , Pandith Altaf Hussain
Published: December 2013

Calculations based on second‐order Moller–Plesset and density functional theory (DFT) methods using different exchange and correlation functionals are performed on C2H4Nb organometallic complex for its hydrogen storage capacity. We found that this complex can store up to a maximum of 14 H2 molecules using Becke‐3 Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP)/LanL2DZ method, with a gravimetric H2 uptake capacity of 18.92 wt% and average binding energy of 0.52 eV/H2. The evaluation of the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of H2 adsorption process indicates that the adsorption of H2 molecules is energetically favorable below 250 K using B3LYP (LanL2DZ) and PBEPBE (LanL2MB, LanL2DZ) level of theories. On the basis of the DFT descriptors, calculated at B3LYP (LanL2DZ) and B3PW91 (LanL2MB) level of theory, we found that the stability of the complex increases with increase in the number of H2 molecules adsorbed by the complex. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benzoboroxole‐Functionalized Magnetic Core/Shell Microspheres for Highly Specific Enrichment of Glycoproteins under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Ma Wanfu , Li Dian , Yu Meng , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: December 2013

Efficient enrichment of specific glycoproteins from complex biological samples is of great importance towards the discovery of disease biomarkers in biological systems. Recently, phenylboronic acid‐based functional materials have been widely used for enrichment of glycoproteins. However, such enrichment was mainly carried out under alkaline conditions, which is different to the status of glycoproteins in neutral physiological conditions and may cause some unpredictable degradation. In this study, on‐demand neutral enrichment of glycoproteins from crude biological samples is accomplished by utilizing the reversible interaction between the cis‐diols of glycoproteins and benzoboroxole‐functionalized magnetic composite microspheres (Fe3O4/PAA‐AOPB). The Fe3O4/PAA‐AOPB composite microspheres are deliberately designed and constructed with a high‐magnetic‐response magnetic supraparticle (MSP) core and a crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) shell anchoring abundant benzoboroxole functional groups on the surface. These nanocomposites possessed many merits, such as large enrichment capacity (93.9 mg/g, protein/beads), low non‐specific adsorption, quick enrichment process (10 min) and magnetic separation speed (20 s), and high recovery efficiency. Furthermore, the as‐prepared Fe3O4/PAA‐AOPB microspheres display high selectivity to glycoproteins even in the E. coli lysate or fetal bovine serum, showing great potential in the identify of low‐abundance glycoproteins as biomarkers in real complex biological systems for clinical diagnoses.
Seismic behavior of multistory RC building frames with vertical setback irregularity
Authors: Varadharajan S. , Sehgal V. K. , Saini Babita
Published: December 2013

This paper is the second of two companion papers that aimed to examine the behavior of irregular buildings subjected to seismic excitation. In the present study, seismic response of the building frames with setback irregularity has been determined. To achieve this purpose, building frames with different geometrical configurations of setbacks are modeled and analyzed using nonlinear dynamic analysis by subjecting them to an ensemble of 27 ground motions to generate 21 060 nonlinear dynamic analysis results. These results are compiled to create a seismic response database consisting of parameters such as maximum roof displacement, maximum interstory drift ratio, maximum plastic hinge rotation and collapse risk parameters. Furthermore, nonlinear regression analysis is conducted on this database to propose simple equations to estimate the seismic response parameters. Finally, the proposed equations are validated for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional building models, and applicability of the proposed equation in performance‐based and displacement‐based designs is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.