bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zwischen neuer Verantwortung und Routinetätigkeit: Die Rolle
der VERAH in der hausärztlichen Versorgung – Eine qualitative
Sekundärdatenanalyse am Beispiel des softwaregestützten Case
Management
Authors: Forstner Johanna , Mangold Jasmin , Litke Nicola , Weis Aline , Szecsenyi Joachim , Wensing Michel , Ullrich Charlotte
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Das Konzept der Versorgungsassistentin in der Hausarztpraxis
(VERAH) wurde entwickelt, um nicht-ärztliches Personal stärker
in die hausärztliche Versorgung einzubinden und somit dem steigenden
Versorgungbedarf und der gleichzeitigen Verknappung von ärztlichem
Personal zu begegnen. VERAHs werden zunehmend auch im softwaregestützten
Case Management eingesetzt und sind somit mit neuen Aufgaben und
Verantwortungsgefügen konfrontiert. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es daher,
zu explorieren, wie sich die Rolle der VERAH in hausärztlichen Praxen
darstellt.

Methoden Bei der vorliegenden Studie handelt es sich um eine qualitative
Sekundärdatenanalyse im Rahmen der Projekte VESPEERA und TelePraCMan. Es
wurden 20 Einzelinterviews und 2 Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt 30
Ärzt:innen, VERAHs und Medizinischen Fachangestellten aus der
hausärztlichen Versorgung durchgeführt. Die Analyse der Daten
fand qualitativ in Anlehnung an Emerson statt. Kontext- und soziodemographische
Daten wurden mit einem begleitenden Fragebogen erhoben.

Ergebnisse Die VERAHs aller Hausarztpraxen, aus denen
Interviewpartner:innen teilnahmen, nehmen Aufgaben innerhalb des
softwaregestützten Case Management wahr. In den Aussagen zur Rolle der
VERAH ließen sich drei Themen identifizieren: a) Beschreibung der
konkreten Aufgaben der VERAH im softwaregestützten Case Management
innerhalb des Praxisteams, b) Stellenwert des softwaregestützten Case
Managements innerhalb der Tätigkeiten der VERAHS und c) Beziehung der
VERAHs zu den Patient:innen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Wahrnehmung von Aufgaben des
softwaregestützten Case Managements kann zu einer Stärkung und
Erweiterung der Rolle der VERAH beitragen. Künftig sollte
verstärkt auf eine klare Beschreibung der neuen Rolle geachtet und die
Rahmenbedingungen der Aufgabenerfüllung der VERAH berücksichtigt
werden.
Fataler Verlauf nach erfolgreicher pulmonaler Endarteriektomie – der seltene Fall
Authors: Abel Peter , Bülow Robin , Stubbe Beate , Heine Alexander , Ewert Ralf
Published: October 2023

Wir berichten über eine 43-jährige Frau, die sich nach stattgehabten rezidivierenden Lungenarterienembolien mit Entwicklung einer chronischen thromboembolischen pulmonalen Hypertonie einer primär erfolgreichen pulmonalen Endarteriektomie unterzog. Zwei Jahre später, nach stattgehabter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und trotz konsequent eingenommener oraler Antikoagulation, wurde die Patientin erneut vorstellig mit klinischen Zeichen einer Lungenarterienembolie, die sich bildgebend als fulminante Lungenarterienembolie darstellte. Trotz medikamentöser Fibrinolysetherapie und dem Versuch einer interventionellen Thrombusaspiration gelang es nicht, die große Embolielast zu beherrschen, sodass die Patientin bedauerlicherweise verstarb.
Application of N-Bromosuccinimide in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Bera Smritilekha , Mondal Dhananjoy , Chatterjee Bhaskar
Published: October 2023

This article describes the use of N-bromosuccinimide in different organic group transformations in carbohydrate chemistry. A comprehensive discussion on the synthesis of deoxysugars through selective O-benzylidene fragmentation, photobromination, halogenation, oxidation, and polymerisation of different carbohydrate moieties with the aid of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is presented. The use of NBS in the most significant glycosylation methods and in oligosaccharide synthesis is also discussed.
Statewide Implementation of Universal Third-Trimester Repeat HIV Testing in Illinois
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , Ayala Laurie D. , Roach Alexis M. , Statton Anne , Randhawa Sukhdeep , Garcia Patricia M. , Miller Emily S.
Published: October 2023

Objective This article aims to assess statewide uptake of HIV repeat testing in the first 2 years after the implementation of an amendment to the Illinois Perinatal HIV Prevention Act (IPHPA) mandating universal repeat HIV testing in the third trimester.

Study Design This is a retrospective, population-based study of all birthing individuals in Illinois (2018–2019). Data were collected using the state-mandated closed system of perinatal HIV test reporting. We evaluated the incidence of mother–infant pairs with negative early tests and repeat third-trimester tests (RTTTs) performed in adherence with the law, as well as the timing of the performance of the RTTTs (outpatient vs. inpatient). Chi-square tests of trend by quarter were performed to ascertain sustainability.

Results Of 138,805 individuals delivered in 2018, 80.6% presented with early test and RTTTs. In 2018, outpatient RTTTs improved from 71.8% (quarter 1) to 85.1% (quarter 4; p < 0.001). In 2018, the proportion of mother–infant dyads who received testing that was adherent to the IPHPA Amendment was 92.1, 95.5, 96.7, and 96.4% in quarters 1 through 4, respectively (p < 0.001). In 2019, outpatient RTTTs performance remained high (87.4%) and stable (p = 0.06). In 2019, 99.9% of mother–infant dyads had testing adherent to the mandate in quarters 1 through 4 (p = 0.39). Of individuals who presented without RTTTs, 93.5% (2018) and 98.8% (2019) underwent inpatient testing before delivery.

Conclusion Implementation of RTTTs in Illinois was rapid, successful, and sustained in its first 2 years. Public health methodologies from Illinois may benefit other states implementing RTTT programs.

Key Points
The Spanish Gough maps: first pre-postal maps of the Iberian Peninsula in its European context
Authors: Pablo-Martí Federico , López-Requena Jesús
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study two singular maps, the Modern Map of Spain, attributed to Cardinal Margarit, and Spagna con le distantie de li loci; made in northern Italy in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Like the British Gough map, both already show communication networks with expressed distances. Using formal analysis, statistical methodology, and computer processing, we present the cartographic characteristics of each one and relate them to their historical context, updating the scarce information available until now. We explain their relationship as two milestones of the same cartographic process. At the same time, we study the routes represented, finding out the units of measurement used and the communication networks that both maps show us in the context of the Revolution of Communications that the Renaissance represented in Europe. The research has allowed us to attribute a new dating to them, question the traditional authorship, and advance a theory on the transport networks’ functionality, demonstrating that both maps are part of a cartographic and historical process at the European level. All these updates to the vision on the first maps of communications in Western Europe established new contributions to the relationship between maps and itineraries. It contributes to filling a void occupied in solitary, until now, by the map of Gough of Great Britain.
Minimum separation between two pump pulses for ultrafast double magnetization switching in GdFeCo
Authors: Liu Donglin , Jiang Caijian , Wang Nanyu , Xu Chudong
Published: October 2023

Femtosecond laser ultrafast thermally induced magnetization switching (TIMS) has also attracted much attention due to its ability to trigger a single switching at the picosecond timescale. Current studies have shown that after a TIMS excited by a laser pulse, excitation of the switch again via TIMS does not require equilibrium between the subsystems. In this work, the main investigation is on the various possible cases of magnetization dynamics in GdFeCo under two short-delayed pulse excitations, as well as the factors limiting the minimum separation for double TIMS. These conditions are relevant for the potential application of TIMS to memory devices as it affects both the speed limit at which rewritten data is available and demonstrates the importance of spatial confinement of a laser pulse to bit size. The results show that low energy and short pulse duration lasers are prerequisites for double TIMS in GdFeCo based on simulations of atomic spin dynamics. By changing the damping constants of the alloy, we can shorten the minimum pulse separation between two pump pulses for double TIMS to 2 ps to approach terahertz frequency of write/erase cycles.
Structural properties and epitaxial relation of cubic rock salt ScxAl1−xN/ScN/Si
Authors: Mihalic S. , Wade E. , Lüttich C. , Hörich F. , Sun C. , Fu Z. , Christian B. , Dadgar A. , Strittmatter A. , Ambacher O.
Published: October 2023

ScN in the rock salt structure is a well-investigated material due to its desirable properties like the high hardness or large thermal conductivity. Recent computations by Adamski et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 232103 (2019)] showed that ScN/GaN heterostructures exhibit an outstanding polarization gradient which would be beneficial for polarization induced electron gases. The pseudobinary semiconductor ScxAl1−xN, when maintaining the cubic rock salt structure, could be beneficial for tailoring the polarization gradient using the Sc dependency of material properties. The structural properties of rs-ScxAl1−xN are not fully discovered yet, thus in this work, DC-magnetron sputtered cubic rock salt ScxAl1−xN thin films with 0.55<x<1.00 were grown and analyzed on ScN(111)/Si(111). The epitaxial relation of ScN(111) thin films on the Si(111) substrate is determined to be ScN[110] ∥ Si[100]. Furthermore, concentration dependent properties like the lattice parameter of ScxAl1−xN were measured [a(ScN) = 4.50 Å, a(Sc0.55Al0.45N) = 4.30 Å] and the stress σ within the layers was determined. The crystal quality was evaluated using ω-scans, revealing FWHM=1.14° for Sc0.95Al0.05N. The diameters of the columns were determined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and they are range from 34 to 59 nm for 0.55<x<1.00. At x=0.55, ScxAl1−xN columns in the hexagonal wurtzite as well as cubic rock salt structure were detected. This information about the structural specifications of ScxAl1−xN in the rock salt structure forms the basis for further investigations and experimental confirmation of the electric properties of ScN/GaN heterostructures or even a ScxAl1−xN/GaN based approach for improved structures for high-electron-mobility transistors.
On the possibility of p-type doping in barium stannate
Authors: Willis Joe , Spooner Kieran B. , Scanlon David O.
Published: October 2023

The combination of optical transparency and bipolar dopability in a single material would revolutionize modern opto-electronics. Of the materials known to be both p- and n-type dopable (such as SnO and CuInO2), none can satisfy the requirements for both p- and n-type transparent conducting applications. In the present work, perovskite BaSnO3 is investigated as a candidate material: its n-type properties are well characterized, with La-doping yielding degenerate conductivity and record electron mobility, while it has been suggested on a handful of occasions to be p-type dopable. Herein, group 1 metals Li, Na, and K and group 13 metals Al, Ga, and In are assessed as p-type acceptor defects in BaSnO3 using a hybrid density functional theory. It is found that while K and In can induce hole concentrations up to 1016 cm−3, the low energy oxygen vacancy pins the Fermi level in the bandgap and ultimately prevents metallic p-type conductivity being achieved in BaSnO3. Nevertheless, the predicted hole concentrations exceed experimentally reported values for K-doped BaSnO3, suggesting that the performance of a transparent p–n homo-junction made from this material could be significantly improved.
The future has arrived for securing confidential data
Authors: Kramer David
Published: October 2023

Though quantum computers are still a decade or more away, NIST is finalizing new encryption standards now to replace current vulnerable protections.
The use of lichen and fungal collections in Australian herbaria to identify temporal changes in air pollution and assist environmental management: challenges to conserving herbarium specimens for the future
Authors: Wu Liqin , Merrick John R. , Downing Alison , Milne Josephine
Published: October 2023

Context Global environmental modification is placing increased demand on taxonomic resources, especially herbarium collections, which are being utilised for information and as biological resource material in ways never previously envisaged. This increased use of herbarium collections presents current and on-going management challenges. Aims To demonstrate, with two Australian studies, the essential role of herbarium collections in investigating long-term pollution; to emphasise the importance of on-going collecting for herbaria and make recommendations for future collection management. Methods Australian case studies of a long-term pollution problem are used to show how verified lichen and fungal taxa in Australian herbaria were crucial in identifying sources of air pollution over time. Key results Chemical and isotopic analyses of lead in samples from curated herbarium collections were used to reconstruct patterns of atmospheric lead deposition over 150 years in eastern Australia. This extended time series of samples facilitated documentation of the full cycle from natural background concentrations to the introduction and increasing usage of lead both in industry and motor vehicles, to the eventual discontinuation of its use in automotive fuel. In addition to demonstrating the value of regular, long-term sampling of selected taxa and potential applications to emerging environmental problems, the importance of strict protocols for destructive sampling and analysis of herbarium specimens, especially for older collections containing small quantities of material, has been highlighted. Conclusions Both the Australian and previous studies have identified a number of problems and potential challenges to maintaining and maximising the utilisation of finite herbarium resources for the future. While acknowledging that Australasian herbaria have well documented policies and protocols for studies that sample their collections, six recommendations are made, for future implementation as appropriate. Implications Current management strategies for finite reference collections are summarised and recommendations for the future include the following: repeated, ongoing collecting over broader areas; periodic re-collection of larger samples from select reference sites with detailed field data; preparation and storage of specimens under controlled environmental conditions, with minimal chemical pest control; utilisation of common widespread taxa for research; careful supervision of destructive sampling techniques to assess compounds present; and adequate funding to facilitate the digitisation of herbarium specimens to increase access and optimise use of curated collections.
Fully-primed slowly-recovering vesicles mediate presynaptic LTP at neocortical neurons
Authors: Weichard Iron , Taschenberger Holger , Gsell Felix , Bornschein Grit , Ritzau-Jost Andreas , Schmidt Hartmut , Kittel Robert J. , Eilers Jens , Neher Erwin , Hallermann Stefan , Nerlich Jana
Published: October 2023

Pre- and postsynaptic forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) are candidate synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. At layer 5 pyramidal neurons, LTP increases the initial synaptic strength but also short-term depression during high-frequency transmission. This classical form of presynaptic LTP has been referred to as redistribution of synaptic efficacy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore performed whole-cell recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons in acute cortical slices of rats and analyzed presynaptic function before and after LTP induction by paired pre- and postsynaptic neuronal activity. LTP was successfully induced in about half of the synaptic connections tested and resulted in increased synaptic short-term depression during high-frequency transmission and a decelerated recovery from short-term depression due to an increased fraction of a slow recovery component. Analysis with a recently established sequential two-step vesicle priming model indicates an increase in the abundance of fully-primed and slowly-recovering vesicles. A systematic analysis of short-term plasticity and synapse-to-synapse variability of synaptic strength at various types of synapses revealed that stronger synapses generally recover more slowly from synaptic short-term depression. Finally, pharmacological stimulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and diacylglycerol signaling pathways, which are both known to promote synaptic vesicle priming, mimicked LTP and slowed the recovery from short-term depression. Our data thus demonstrate that LTP at layer 5 pyramidal neurons increases synaptic strength primarily by enlarging a subpool of fully-primed slowly-recovering vesicles.
A multilingual approach to the interaction between frames and constructions
Authors: Czulo Oliver , Willich Alexander , Ziem Alexander , Torrent Tiago T.
Published: October 2023

The comparison of constructions across languages faces a major challenge: Both similarities and differences can
appear on the whole scale from form to meaning. In this paper, we propose an approach combining the descriptive and explanatory
power of Construction Grammar and Frame Semantics by applying the analysis of constructions and frames on a full-text scale. More
concretely, we propose a contrastive and translatological analysis of (partially) schematic constructions in English, Brazilian
Portuguese and German which may diverge in form, but are relatable to one another across languages by their conventional
pragmatics and/or the semantic frames they evoke.
Frame integration and head-switching
Authors: Hasegawa Yoko , Ohara Kyoko Hirose
Published: October 2023

Employing Frame Semantics as implemented in the Berkeley FrameNet database, this paper analyzes English sentences expressing concerns of risk derived from the British National Corpus and their Japanese translations (created for the purposes of the current study). It introduces the ideas of content and interpretation predicates, frame integration, and head-switching as effectual devices for recognizing obscure constructional equivalences across languages. Our findings shed light on the development of a new contrastive framework for verbal predicativity: that is, a framework based on the recognition of content and interpretation predicates and how it intersects with the categorical distinction in lexicalization patterns between verbs and adverbs.
Constructional change and frameelement selection
Authors: Law James
Published: October 2023

While most work in diachronic construction grammar considers individual constructional changes, these changes share an understudied relationship with broader changes at the level of the semantic frame. Literary corpus data shows that in the Spending frame in French, between the 12th and 20th centuries, the selection rates of four alternating frame elements shifted: Purpose, Cause of expense, Goods, and Seller. This frame-level shift is examined alongside related constructional changes including lexicalization, pejoration, and constructional loss. The analysis suggests that constructional change does not proceed independently but is driven by shifts in framing due in part to sociocultural changes.
Electron-Correlation-Induced Charge Density Wave in FeGe
Authors: Wu 武 Lin 琳 , Hu 胡 Yating 雅婷 , Fan 樊 Dongze 东泽 , Wang 王 Di 棣 , Wan 万 Xiangang 贤纲
Published: October 2023

As the first magnetic kagome material to exhibit the charge density wave (CDW) order, FeGe has attracted much attention in recent research. Similar to AV3Sb5 (A = K, Cs, Rb), FeGe exhibits the CDW pattern with an in-plane 2×2 structure and the existence of van Hove singularities near the Fermi level. However, sharply different from AV3Sb5 which has phonon instability at M point, all the theoretically calculated phonon frequencies in FeGe remain positive. Based on first-principles calculations, we surprisingly find that the maximum of nesting function is at K point instead of M point. Two Fermi pockets with Fe-dxz
and Fe-d

x
2–y
2
/dxy
orbital characters have large contribution to the Fermi nesting, which evolve significantly with kz
, indicating the highly three-dimensional (3D) feature of FeGe in contrast to AV3Sb5. Considering the effect of local Coulomb interaction, we reveal that the instability at K point is significantly suppressed due to the sublattice interference mechanism. Meanwhile, the wave functions nested by vector M have many ingredients located at the same Fe site, thus the instability at M point is enhanced. This indicates that the electron correlation, rather than electron-phonon interaction, plays a key role in the CDW transition at M point.
Deconvolution-based methods to extract uncertainty components
Authors: Ferrero Alessandro , Salicone Simona , Vardhana Jetti Harsha , Ronaghi Sina
Published: October 2023

A measurement result is supposed to provide information about the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. However, in general, it provides the distribution of values returned by the employed measuring system, when the measurand is given as the input quantity to this system. This distribution of values is mathematically given by the convolution of two probability density functions (PDFs): the one representing the actual distribution of values of the measurand and the one representing the uncertainty contribution of the employed measuring system. In principle, if the uncertainty contribution of the measuring system is known, the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand can be obtained by applying a proper deconvolution algorithm: this distribution is, indeed, the one of interest in any industrial measurement process. Similarly, if the PDF representing the distribution of values of the measurand is known, the PDF representing the uncertainty contribution of the measuring system to the resulting distribution of values returned by the instrument can be obtained by applying a proper deconvolution algorithm: this distribution is, indeed, the one of interest when a calibration is performed. In practical situations, deconvolution algorithms provide rather inaccurate results when applied to PDFs, especially when they are experimentally obtained from histograms of collected data. This paper proposes a deconvolution method, based on the use of Fuzzy variables (or Possibility Distributions) to represent distribution of values, which proves to provide much more accurate results. Simulation results, as well as experimental results are discussed to validate the proposed method.
Improving input contrast estimation to an x-ray imaging system
Authors: González-López Antonio
Published: October 2023

Objective. An appropriate parameter to study the performance of an x-ray imaging system is contrast transfer, or the system’s ability to capture contrast in the radiation beam and bring it to the image. However, determining the input contrast to the system is difficult, as it is heavily affected by secondary radiation, which in turn depends on a multitude of factors. This work presents a method to improve the calculation of input contrast to the imaging system when PMMA phantoms are used. Approach. An expression to obtain input contrast from primary radiation attenuation and scatter-to-primary ratio is shown, and the approximation upon which it is based is discussed. Primary and secondary radiation emerging from the phantoms are calculated for monoenergetic pencil beams impinging on planar PMMA phantoms of different thicknesses. Monte Carlo simulations of two types of anti-scatter grids are also incorporated into the calculations. Main results. The primary and secondary components of radiant energy and grid transmission factors are presented for monoenergetic beams with energies from 10 to 150 keV. These results are then used to calculate input contrast for polyenergetic beams when using a commercial image quality phantom combined with different thicknesses of PMMA and anti-scatter grids. Significance. The information of the object contrast carried by the beam constitutes the input to the imaging system. An accurate determination of this input contrast can be carried out in a wide variety of situations from the study of a reduced number of cases, as those presented in this work for monoenergetic beams, PMMA phantoms of different thicknesses and anti-scatter grids. The relationship between the input contrast and the contrast due to primary radiation used in this work provides a good approximation for the different combinations of inserts, phantoms, grids, and energy spectra analyzed here.
A novel 4H-SiC multiple stepped SGT MOSFET with improved high frequency figure of merit
Authors: Zhang Jingping , Luo Houcai , Wu Huan , Wang Zeping , Zheng Bofeng , Zhang Guoqi , Chen Xianping
Published: October 2023

A novel 4H-SiC Multiple Stepped SGT MOSFET (MSGT-MOSFET) is presented and investigated utilizing TCAD simulations in this paper. We have quantitatively studied the characteristics of the device through simulation modeling and physical model calculations, and comparatively analyzed the performance and application prospects of this novel device. The gate-to-drain capacitance (Cgd) and gate-to-drain charge (Qgd) of the MSGT-MOSFET are significantly reduced in comparison with the double trench MOSFET (DT-MOSFET) and the conventional SGT MOSFET (CSGT-MOSFET), due to the reduction of the overlapping area of the split gate (SG) structure and drift region. Therefore, the obtained high frequency figure of merit (HF-FOM) defined as [Ron × Cgd] reduced by 23.9% compared with DT-MOSFET and CSGT-MOSFET. And the HF-FOM [Ron × Qgd] for the MSGT-MOSFET significantly decreased by 71% and 50%, respectively, compared to that of the DT-MOSFET and CSGT-MOSFET. Furthermore, the switching loss is also simulated and calculated. And the total switching loss of the proposed MSGT-MOSFET realizes 42.9% and 21.7% reduction in comparison with the DT-MOSFET and CSGT-MOSFET. The overall enhanced performances suggest that the MSGT-MOSFET is an excellent choice for high frequency power electronic applications.
Optical properties and dielectric relaxation of polypyrrole and poly (3-hexylthiophene)
Authors: Mohamed F , Rehim M Abdel , Hameed Talaat A , Turky G
Published: October 2023

In the present work, polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are prepared via oxidation polymerization, and their optical and dielectric properties in comparison with their originating monomers are investigated. The chemical structure of both polymers is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Investigation of the optical properties of the prepared polymers showed that the band gap of PPY is 1.25 eV, whereas that of P3HT is 1.79 eV. In addition, P3HT showed a refractive index of high values in the visible region compared to PPy. Dielectric relaxation of both monomers and polymers was studied in the frequency range of 10–1 ≤ ν /Hz <107 for comparison. Furthermore, temperature dependencies of their electrical properties are investigated. The DC conductivity values of PPy and P3HT are found to be 2× 10–7 S cm−1 and 2× 10–4 S cm−1, at T = 313 K, respectively, which is the ranges of semiconductors and conductors reflecting the remarkable enhancement of conductivity according to the polymerization process. The temperature dependence of the DC conductivity for the monomers and polymers follows the Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) equation. The parameters of the frequency-dependent provide basic information for adjustment of the structural properties of the conjugated polymers and finding the theoretical limits controlling the charge transport.
Investigation of manganese doped BaSe for energy harvesting and spintronics devices
Authors: Saleem Sanam , Yaseen Muhammad , Aldaghfag Shatha A , Hafsa  , Nasarullah  , Ishfaq Mudassir , Dahshan A
Published: October 2023

The incorporation of magnetism to a solid material may drastically alter its electrical transport behavior, providing a way to modify the magneto-optoelectronic and thermoelectric features that have recently drawn a lot of scientific attention. In this regard, we utilized density function theory (DFT) based full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach to study doping effect of Mn on physical characteristics of barium selenide (BaSe). Pristine BaSe is nonmagnetic semiconductor with indirect bandgap of 2.11 eV. Concentration dependent Mn doping in BaSe introduces spin polarized intermediate bands in the vicinity of Fermi level primarily composed of Mn-3d orbitals. Asymmetric band profiles indicate the ferromagnetic semiconductor nature of of Mn doped BaSe compounds. Total magnetic moment value of 5.0 μ
B, 10.0 μ
B, and 20.0 μ
B are obtained for corresponding Ba1−xMnxSe (x = 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%) systems. Furthermore, the analysis of optical and thermoelectric characteristics reveals the importance of studied alloy for application in advanced technologies including low energy light absorbers and thermoelectric generators.
A compact high power diode side-pumped 2.09 μm Tm,Ho:YAG laser
Authors: Wu Jian-Hong , Du Shi-Feng , Wang Hai-Long , Gao Yun , Bo Yong , Cui Da-Fu , Peng Qin-Jun
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate a high power compact continuous-wave diode side-pumped Tm,Ho:YAG all solid-state laser at room temperature. A high dopant concentration ratio of Tm,Ho:YAG (3 at.% Tm3+, 0.1 at.% Ho3+) crystal rod with laser diode (LD) side-pumped architecture is employed as a laser head. With a single laser head in a plane-parallel short cavity, a maximum 57 W output power is obtained at a temperature of 19 °C, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 10.6% and a slope efficiency of 16.6%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power of LD-pumped Tm,Ho co-doped laser operating at room temperature. This laser system also exhibits excellent power stability in 90 min, making it widely applicable in various fields.
A Comparative Study of the Power-law Relationship between the Pulse width and Energy of Precursor and Main Burst
Authors: Deng Hui-Ying , Peng Zhao-Yang , Chen Jia-Ming , Zhu Dan
Published: October 2023

In gamma-ray burst prompt emission, there is still no consistent conclusion if the precursor and main burst share the same origin. In this paper, we try to study this issue based on the relationship between pulse width and energy of the precursor and main burst. We systematically search the light curve data observed by Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM, and find 13 long bursts with well-structured precursors and main bursts. After fitting the precursor light curve of each different energy channel with the Norris function, we find that there is not only a power-law relationship between precursor width and energy, but also a power-law relationship between the ratio of the rising width to the decaying width and energy. By comparing the relationship between the precursors and the main burst pulses, we find that the distribution of the precursors and the relationship between the power-law indices are roughly the same as those of the main burst. In addition, it is found that the precursor width distribution as well as the upper limit of the pulse width ratio does not exceed 1 and both are asymmetric, which are also consistent with the main burst. These indicate that the precursor and the main burst are indistinguishable, and the precursor and the main burst may have the same physical origin.
PyMsOfa: A Python Package for the Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA) Service
Authors: Ji Jianghui , Tan Dongjie , Bao Chunhui , Huang Xiumin , Hu Shoucun , Dong Yao , Wang Su
Published: October 2023

The Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA) is a service provided by the International Astronomical Union that offers algorithms and software for astronomical calculations, which was released in two versions for FORTRAN 77 and ANSI C, respectively. In this work, we implement the Python package PyMsOfa for SOFA service by three ways: (1) a Python wrapper package based on a foreign function library for Python (ctypes), (2) a Python wrapper package with the foreign function interface for Python calling C code (cffi) and (3) a Python package directly written in pure Python codes from SOFA subroutines. The package PyMsOfa has fully implemented 247 functions of the original SOFA routines released on 2023 October 11. In addition, PyMsOfa is also extensively examined, which is exactly consistent with those test examples given by the original SOFA. This Python package can be suitable to not only the astrometric detection of habitable planets from the Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey mission, but also for the frontier themes of black holes and dark matter related to astrometric calculations and other fields. The source codes are available via http://pypi.org/project/PyMsOfa/ and https://github.com/CHES2023/PyMsOfa.
Exploration of high-speed 3.0 THz imaging with a 65 nm CMOS process
Authors: Liu Min , Cai Ziteng , Liu Jian , Wu Nanjian , Liu Liyuan
Published: October 2023

This paper describes a promising route for the exploration and development of 3.0 THz sensing and imaging with FET-based power detectors in a standard 65 nm CMOS process. Based on the plasma-wave theory proposed by Dyakonov and Shur, we designed high-responsivity and low-noise multiple detectors for monitoring a pulse-mode 3.0 THz quantum cascade laser (QCL). Furthermore, we present a fully integrated high-speed 32 × 32-pixel 3.0 THz CMOS image sensor (CIS). The full CIS measures 2.81 × 5.39 mm2 and achieves a 423 V/W responsivity (Rv) and a 5.3 nW integral noise equivalent power (NEP) at room temperature. In experiments, we demonstrate a testing speed reaching 319 fps under continuous-wave (CW) illumination of a 3.0 THz QCL. The results indicate that our terahertz CIS has excellent potential in cost-effective and commercial THz imaging and material detection.
Superconducting shield for the injection channel of the muEDM experiment at PSI
Authors: Doinaki Anastasia , Calzolaio Ciro , Chakraborty Ritwika , Duda Michal , Dutsov Chavdar , Giovannozzi Massimo , Hume Timothy , Michielsen Katia , Morvaj Ljiljana , Papa Angela , Schmidt-Wellenburg Philipp , Stäger David , Vitali Bastiano ,   the muEDM collaboration
Published: October 2023

At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), we are setting up an experiment to search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the muon using the frozen-spin technique. The discovery of a muon EDM would indicate violation of charge conjugation parity symmetry (CP-violation) and lepton flavor universality, beyond the Standard Model. The experiment aims to achieve a sensitivity of σ(dμ
) ≤ 6 × 10-23 e · cm.

This study is taking place during the first phase of the experiment and it focuses on the off-axis injection of muons into a 3 T storage solenoid. Muons need to be transported from the exit of the PSI beamline, a low magnetic-field region, into the strong magnetic-field of the solenoid. For this purpose, two magnetically shielded channels are being developed. In the direct vicinity of the injection helix inside the solenoid bore, we will use superconducting (SC) shielding to avoid any hysteresis effect, while farther away in the fringe field we will use iron tubes. Three prototypes of SC injection tubes will be produced: the first will use a commercial high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape wrapped around a hollow copper tube, the second will utilize several Nb-Ti/Nb/Cu sheets obtained from CERN, wrapped and mechanically clamped around another hollow copper tube, while the third will consist of a commercial cast Bi-2223 superconducting tube coiled with HTS tape. To evaluate the effectiveness of the different SC-shields, we will measure their shielding factors and determine the muon injection efficiency from the beamline into the solenoid.
Observation of beamlet displacement and parallelism in NIO1
Authors: Ugoletti M. , Cavenago M. , Agnello R. , Barbisan M. , Delogu R. , Pimazzoni A. , Poggi C.
Published: October 2023

In the compact radiofrequency negative ion source NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase
1), beamlet images are recorded from visible light monochrome cameras, for which several mounting
positions are available. For two cameras, named CAM1 and CAM2, looking in directions
perpendicular to each other and to the z axis of the beam drift tube, an extensive database of
images is available, with methods and results of analysis discussed here. All NIO1 beamlets,
arranged in a 3 × 3 matrix, are extracted, so CAM1 can record 3 beamlet projection groups
and CAM2 also. Both cameras can be used to estimate the beam optics, depending on extracted
beamlet currents, their uniformity and applied voltages; moreover CAM1 shows the filter current
effects, while CAM2 images may give information on the deflection field (due to magnets inserted
in the extraction grid EG and the post-acceleration grid PA). Light reflection is reduced by
careful set-up, and by considering image central portion for analysis. Image luminosity can be
simply fitted by Gaussian shapes, when the 3 projection groups are fairly separated. This analysis
allows to estimate beamlet displacement and deflection. In general, optional algorithms for noise
rejection and pre-smoothing for improving automatic recognizing of beamlet peaks is discussed, as
well as the classes of available fits. Results for beamlet size, deflection and rms divergence are
reported for selected datasets (within the 10 or 20 mrad goal). In some datasets, beamlet
convergence was observed, indicating the need for further analysis and beam optics adjustments.
L2LFlows: generating high-fidelity 3D calorimeter images
Authors: Diefenbacher Sascha , Eren Engin , Gaede Frank , Kasieczka Gregor , Krause Claudius , Shekhzadeh Imahn , Shih David
Published: October 2023

We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method — which we refer to as “Layer-to-Layer Flows” (L2LFlows) — is an evolution of the CaloFlow architecture adapted to a higher-dimensional setting (30 layers of 10× 10 voxels each). The main innovation ofL2LFlowsconsists of introducing 30 separate normalizing flows, one for each layer of the calorimeter, where each flow is conditioned on the previous five layers in order to learn the layer-to-layer correlations. We compare our results to the BIB-AE, a state-of-the-art generative network trained on the same dataset and find our model has a significantly improved fidelity.
Cold season Arctic strong cyclones enhance Atlantification of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Liu Yujun , He Yijun
Published: October 2023

In recent years, as the Arctic Ocean’s warming trend has accelerated, there has been increasing attention on the process of Atlantification in the Arctic Ocean. This study focused on the Arctic Atlantic inflow zone (AAZ) as its research area. Multi-source reanalysis data and in-situ Argo float data were utilized to detect Arctic strong cyclones (ASCs) in the AAZ and analyze the resulting changes in the upper ocean. The findings reveal that during the cold season (October to March), influenced by ASCs’ intensity, frequency, tracks, and the concurrent weakening of ocean stratification, these cyclones can disrupt the cold halocline layer through mechanisms such as mixing and Ekman pumping. This process facilitates the transport of heat from the deep, warm and saline Atlantic Water within the ocean to the subsurface layers. Concurrently, ASCs during the cold season can enhance the process of Atlantification in the Arctic Ocean by intensifying the intrusion of the Barents Sea Branch. Additionally, the attenuation of oceanic stratification during ASCs is primarily driven by changes in salinity, particularly above the 100 m.
Semiclassical theory and the Koopman-van Hove equation
*
Authors: Joseph Ilon
Published: October 2023

The phase space Koopman-van Hove (KvH) equation can be derived from the asymptotic semiclassical analysis of partial differential equations. Semiclassical theory yields the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the complex phase factor and the transport equation for the amplitude. These two equations can be combined to form a nonlinear semiclassical version of the KvH equation in configuration space. There is a natural injection of configuration space solutions into phase space and a natural projection of phase space solutions onto configuration space. Hence, every solution of the configuration space KvH equation satisfies both the semiclassical phase space KvH equation and the Hamilton–Jacobi constraint. For configuration space solutions, this constraint resolves the paradox that there are two different conserved densities in phase space. For integrable systems, the KvH spectrum is the Cartesian product of a classical and a semiclassical spectrum. If the classical spectrum is eliminated, then, with the correct choice of Jeffreys–Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (JWKB) matching conditions, the semiclassical spectrum satisfies the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller quantization conditions which include the correction due to the Maslov index. However, semiclassical analysis uses different choices for boundary conditions, continuity requirements, and the domain of definition. For example, use of the complex JWKB method allows for the treatment of tunneling through the complexification of phase space. Finally, although KvH wavefunctions include the possibility of interference effects, interference is not observable when all observables are approximated as local operators on phase space. Observing interference effects requires consideration of nonlocal operations, e.g. through higher orders in the asymptotic theory.
Preparation of LiNbO3 nanoparticles by green synthesis laser ablation in water
Authors: Alwazny Marwa S , Ismail Raid A , Salim Evan T
Published: October 2023

The use of LiNbO3 nanoparticles in nonlinear applications is attractive and promising. The particle size and morphology of LiNbO3 are the key parameters affecting their application. In this study, spherical nanoparticles of lithium niobate were synthesised by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser ablation in water. The polycrystalline, rhombohedral structure of the synthesised LiNbO3 nanoparticles with x-ray diffraction experiments was verified. The bandgap energy of colloidal LiNbO3 nanoparticles varied between 4.25 and 4.9 eV based on the laser fluence, according to the optical characteristics. The photoluminescence (PL) reveals that the emission peaks are centered at 293, 300, 305, and 309 nm for samples prepared at 1.3, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.2 J cm−2/pulse, respectively. The transmission electron microscope investigation confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 18 to 34 nm. Raman studies on nanoparticles synthesised at various laser fluences are being conducted.
Drivers of chaparral photosynthetic rate reduction under modern drought conditions
Authors: Lunneberg Kyle , Bernabe Kristine , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter C
Published: October 2023

Terrestrial vegetation communities are experiencing rapid and novel changes to photosynthetic rates under the changing climate. Chaparral, a semi-arid shrubland ecosystem of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, is projected to experience substantial increases in aridity and stochastic precipitation. This study identifies the primary meteorological drivers of photosynthesis for three widespread chaparral shrub species—Adenostoma sparsifolium, Adenostoma fasciculatum, and Ceanothus perplexans—from 2019 to 2021. Monthly leaf-level carbon exchange rates, water potentials (WPs), and meteorological conditions were collected for each species. Average monthly primary productivity (n = 25) demonstrated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as a significant limit to photosynthetic rates for A. sparsifolium and A. fasciculatum. VPD was also the most influential predictor of WP for all three species. These results suggest increasing atmospheric dryness as a key predictor for reduction in chaparral primary productivity, particularly for deeply-rooted, resprouting species. There are additional indications that VPD could exacerbate drought-related mortality for C. perplexans and A. sparsifolium by pushing WP to novel extremes. This study concludes that atmospheric dryness, across 3 years of differing soil water stress levels, was consistently a substantial physiological limitation for three common, chaparral species. Although this experiment occurred over a limited window and cannot assess climatic response trends, acute increases in air temperature and VPD within the region would exacerbate photosynthetic limitation for these species and may contribute to declining primary productivity in broader chaparral ecosystems.
On diffeomorphisms of even-dimensional discs
Authors: Kupers Alexander , Randal-Williams Oscar
Published: October 2023

We determine

π
∗

(
B

Diff
∂

⁡
(

D

2
n

)
)
⊗

Q

\pi _*(B\operatorname {Diff}_\partial (D^{2n})) \otimes \mathbb {Q}

for

2
n
≥
6

2n \geq 6

completely in degrees

∗
≤
4
n
−
10

* \leq 4n-10

, far beyond the pseudoisotopy stable range. Furthermore, above these degrees we discover a systematic structure in these homotopy groups: we determine them outside of certain “bands” of degrees.
On compact pseudoconcave sets
Authors: Slodkowski Zbigniew
Published: October 2023

Replying to three questions posed by N. Shcherbina, we show that a compact pseudoconcave set can have the core smaller than itself, that the core of a compact set must be pseudoconcave, and that it can be decomposed into compact pseudoconcave sets on which all smooth plurisubharmonic functions are constant.
Acute leukemia with cytogenetically cryptic FGFR1 rearrangement and lineage switch during therapy: A case report and literature review
Authors: McKeague Sean J , O’Rourke Kacey , Fanning Stephen , Joy Christopher , Throp Duncan , Adams Rebecca , Harvey Yasmin , Keng Tee Beng
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangement are a rare group of neoplasms that share features of eosinophilia and lineage promiscuity. First, we described a challenging case of acute leukemia with lineage switch and cytogenetically cryptic FGFR1. Second, we aimed to systemically review this phenomenon in published literature.

Methods

A 68-year-old man with a history of chemotherapy exposure presented with acute leukemia of myeloid lineage without eosinophilia or 8p11 abnormalities on karyotyping. Over a refractory and relapsing course, the blast phenotype shifted to B lymphoid.

Results

Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified a cytogenetically cryptic FGFR1 rearrangement, likely a paracentric inversion. We identified 26 published cases of FGFR1-rearranged acute leukemia with ambiguous, mixed, or switching lineage. Although there was variability in the partner gene, anatomical location of different phenotypes, and timing of lineage switch, the prognosis was consistently poor in the absence of novel therapy.

Conclusions

Ours is the only reported case of FGFR1-rearranged neoplasms with a disease sequence of acute myeloid leukemia transforming to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 of only 3 reported cases with cytogenetically cryptic FGFR1 rearrangement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for FGFR1 rearrangement should be a standard investigation in leukemia of mixed or switching lineage.