bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering Induced Electron Redistribution at PtNs/NiTe‐Ns Interfaces for Promoting pH‐Universal and Chloride‐Tolerant Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Huachuan , Chen Mingpeng , Xiao Bin , Zhou Tong , Humayun Muhammad , Li Linfeng , Lu Qingjie , He Tianwei , Zhang Jin , Bououdina Mohammed , Wang Chundong , Liu Qingju
Published: August 2023

Exploring highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for large‐scale water electrolysis in the full potential of hydrogen (pH) range is highly desirable, but it remains a significant challenge. Herein, a simple pathway is proposed to synthesize a hybrid electrocatalyst by decorating small metallic platinum (Pt) nanosheets on a large nickel telluride nanosheet (termed as PtNs/NiTe‐Ns). The as‐prepared PtNs/NiTe‐Ns catalyst only requires overpotentials of 72, 162, and 65 mV to reach a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 in alkaline, neutral and acidic conditions, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal that the combination of metallic Pt and NiTe‐Ns subtly modulates the electronic redistribution at their interface, improves the charge‐transfer kinetics, and enhances the performance of Ni active sites. The synergy between the Pt site and activated Ni site near the interface in PtNs/NiTe‐Ns promotes the sluggish water‐dissociation kinetics and optimizes the subsequent oxyhydrogen/hydrogen intermediates (OH*/H*) adsorption, accelerating the HER process. Additionally, the superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity of PtNs/NiTe‐Ns facilitate the mass transfer process and ensure the rapid desorption of generated bubbles, significantly enhancing overall alkaline water/saline water/seawater electrolysis catalytic activity and stability.
Dual Protective Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene/Polyimide Composite Film for Thermal Insulation and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Ding Renjie , Yan Qian , Xue Fuhua , Li Pengyang , Xiong Jinhua , Zhao Xu , Liu Zonglin , Xu Liangliang , Chen Zhong , Zheng Haowen , Tang Zhigong , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

The thriving 5G communication technology leads to the high demand for EMI shielding materials and thermal management materials. Particularly, portable thermal‐sensitive electronic devices have more stringent requirements for thermal insulation performances. In most cases, ultrathin EMI shielding materials integrated with ultralow thermal conductivity are not easy to be achieved. To overcome this obstacle, dual protective porous composite films based on Ti3C2Tx MXene and polyimide are fabricated by sacrificing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) templates. By optimizing the contact thermal resistance and Kapitza resistance, the composite film presents superior thermal insulation performances with a thermal conductivity of 0.0136 W m−1 K−1. Moreover, the hybrid porous film maintains superior EMI shielding effectiveness of 63.0 dB and high SSE/t of 31651.2 dB cm2 g−1. Nevertheless, the excellent active and passive heating ability based on Joule heating and photothermal conversion makes the composite film an ideal portable material for thermal management. This work sheds light on designing thermal management materials and EMI shielding materials for cutting‐edge electronic devices.
Likelihood‐based inference for linear mixed‐effects models using the generalized hyperbolic distribution
Authors: Lachos Victor H. , Galea Manuel , Zeller Camila , Prates Marcos O.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we develop statistical methodology for the analysis of data under nonnormal distributions, in the context of mixed effects models. Although the multivariate normal distribution is useful in many cases, it is not appropriate, for instance, when the data come from skewed and/or heavy‐tailed distributions. To analyse data with these characteristics, in this paper, we extend the standard linear mixed effects model, considering the family of generalized hyperbolic distributions. We propose methods for statistical inference based on the likelihood function, and due to its complexity, the EM algorithm is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates with the standard errors and the exact likelihood value as a by‐product. We use simulations to investigate the asymptotic properties of the expectation‐maximization algorithm (EM) estimates and prediction accuracy. A real example is analysed, illustrating the usefulness of the proposed methods.
Study on Saccharification Efficiency Improvement byEurotium cristatumand Its Application in Kaoliang Spirit Production
Authors: Yang Qin , Qian‐Hui Zhao , Feng‐Ying Yang
Published: August 2023

The Kaoliang spirit is a classic Chinese baijiu. Glutinous sorghum is a unique raw material for its production; improving the saccharification efficiency of sorghum increases the liquor yield.Eurotium cristatumhas been demonstrated to secrete amylase; however, it has not been used in saccharification. Therefore, this study aims to improve the saccharification efficiency withE. cristatumto enhance Kaoliang spirit production. The effect ofE. cristatumon saccharification is evaluated by analyzing starch from glutinous sorghum. In addition, fermented sorghum microorganisms and liquor flavors are analyzed to establish the activity ofE. cristatum. The results reveal thatE. cristatumimproves the saccharification efficiency, and 8% (m/m) ofE. cristatumsuspension is cofermented with 20% (m/m) of mold culture; the reducing sugar in the fermented sorghum reaches a maximum value of 40 g/100 g. During cofermentation withE. cristatum, the sorghum starch is enriched in amylose and has a lower molecular weight, clear crystal structure, and many holes. These phenomena express the effect of efficient saccharification byE. cristatum. Furthermore,E. cristatumalso promotes other microorganisms while fermentation, therefore benefits the liquor flavors. This research provides the feasibility for saccharification improvement byE. cristatum, indicating its well scientific and significant commercial value.
Thioalkynes in Ring Forming Reactions
Authors: Peng Lifen , Yuan Zhiwen , Tang Zilong , Zeng Chunling , Xu Xinhua
Published: August 2023

Organic cycles play an important role in chemistry, pharmacology and material science for their unique properties. Construction of organic cycles from thioalkynes attracted increasing attention due to the facile access of thioalkynes. 2H‐Azirines were synthesized successfully from thioalkynyl oxime ethers. Cyclobutanes were formed through chiral titanium catalyzed cycloaddition of thioalkynes. Cyclopentenes were afforded by annulation of thioalkynes. Thioalkynes could be also applied to synthesize thiophenes, oxazoles, benzo[b]thiophenes, 2H‐chromenes, 2‐phenylbenzothiazoles, diazacyclobutene, etc. In this review, construction of organic cycles from thioalkynes were highlighted. Firstly, the property and application of organic cyclic compounds were simply introduced. After presenting the general methods to access organic cycles, applications of thioalkynes as synthons to prepare organic cycles were classified and presented in detail. Based on different kinds of organic cycles obtained from thioalkynes, organic reactions for synthesis of three‐, four‐, five‐, six‐membered as well as fused cycles would be summarized and the plausible reaction mechanisms could be presented if available.
The Tower of Babel in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Schneeberger David , Röttger Richard , Cabitza Federico , Campagner Andrea , Plass Markus , Müller Heimo , Holzinger Andreas
Published: August 2023

As machine learning (ML) has emerged as the predominant technological paradigm for artificial intelligence (AI), complex black box models such as GPT-4 have gained widespread adoption. Concurrently, explainable AI (XAI) has risen in significance as a counterbalancing force. But the rapid expansion of this research domain has led to a proliferation of terminology and an array of diverse definitions, making it increasingly challenging to maintain coherence. This confusion of languages also stems from the plethora of different perspectives on XAI, e.g. ethics, law, standardization and computer science. This situation threatens to create a “tower of Babel” effect, whereby a multitude of languages impedes the establishment of a common (scientific) ground. In response, this paper first maps different vocabularies, used in ethics, law and standardization. It shows that despite a quest for standardized, uniform XAI definitions, there is still a confusion of languages. Drawing lessons from these viewpoints, it subsequently proposes a methodology for identifying a unified lexicon from a scientific standpoint. This could aid the scientific community in presenting a more unified front to better influence ongoing definition efforts in law and standardization, often without enough scientific representation, which will shape the nature of AI and XAI in the future.
The Idea of the University
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores some of the key issues that have beset English universities in the twenty first century with a summary of some key areas in Ricœur’s early philosophy and interventions in the 1960s. Comparisons and contrasts are made from the 1960s with current debates about free speech on campus in England: complaints from 2017 to 2022 from outside the university about both more and less free speech have multiplied, whilst there has been increasingly less discussion inside the university about how to converse well. Equality, diversity and inclusion are policy labels that are in conflict with Prevent, the UK’s counterterror programme targeted at ‘extremist’ ideas that are nonetheless lawful.
1968 and Campus Shock at Nanterre
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the failure of Ricœur and Nanterre students to engage with each other through discussion. In the mid-1960s, Ricœur had sought an alternative higher education model to break the hegemony of the Sorbonne as a place of huge lectures, distant tutors and a classical education. He was sympathetic to the students’ rebelliousness, yet his dream of equality of class, gender and subject discipline on campus failed; his experiences give us insight into the fragility of discussion as a mediating process.
Patella scores are similar both with gap balancing and measured resection after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized single‐centre study
Authors: Öztürk Alpaslan , Avci Özgür , Akalın Yavuz , Çevik Nazan , Türkmensoy Fatih
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this prospective study was to compare femoral component rotation (FCR) values when adjusted with ‘gap balancing’ (GB) and ‘measured resection’ (MR) techniques following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The study hypothesis was that the GB technique would be better on FCR than MR in TKA.

Methods

From a total of 93 unilateral TKAs performed between August 2019 and November 2020, the FCR values were adjusted by GB in 46 cases and MR in 47. Post‐TKA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied for FCR assessment. Orthoroentgenograms and lateral knee radiographs were taken to determine the mechanical axis and posterior condylar offset (PCO) ratio, respectively. Both groups were compared radiologically. The Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) patella scores were calculated and compared between the groups preoperatively and at the end of 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively.

Results

There was no difference between the groups in respect of the demographic data. The mean HSS patella score was 86.4 ± 4.1 in the GB group and 84.6 ± 3.8 in the MR group in the 2nd year (p = 0.047). A higher degree of external rotation in the FC was determined in the GB group [2.2° (1.7°–4.3°)] compared to the MR group [1.7° (0.8°–3.0°)] (p = 0.009). The postoperative increase in PCO ratio was higher in the GB group (p = 0.005). All other variables were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that at the end of the 2nd year, the HSS patella scores were better, FCs were more externally rotated and PCO ratios were higher in TKAs using the GB technique. However, taking into account that the difference between the 2nd year HSS patella scores was too small to be considered clinically significant, it was shown that both the GB and MR techniques can be used for FCR in clinical practice without any hesitation.
Contributing with private bundles to public goods
Authors: Faias Marta , Guevara-Velázquez Mercedes , Moreno-García Emma
Published: August 2023

We extend to multiple private commodities the seminal model by Bergstrom et al. (J Public Econ 29:25–49, 1986) on the private provision of public goods. Considering the relative value of the aggregate donations, we define a notion of equilibrium and show its existence. We analyze the effects of resource redistributions on the equilibrium outcome, identifying conditions that guarantee neutrality. We study some further properties of the contribution equilibrium, and provide a strategic market game approach, defining a sequence of non-cooperative games whose equilibria converge to an equilibrium of the economy.
Genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pham Thu Thi , Nimptsch Katharina , Papadimitriou Nikos , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Jenab Mazda , Gunter Marc J. , Le Marchand Loic , Li Li , Lynch Brigid M. , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Phipps Amanda I. , Schmit Stephanie L. , Brenner Hermann , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward , Pischon Tobias
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Resistin, a novel pro-inflammatory protein implicated in inflammatory processes, has been suggested to play a role in colorectal development. However, evidence from observational studies has been inconsistent. Mendelian randomization may be a complementary method to examine this association.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the association between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) from the SCALLOP consortium were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for resistin. CRC genetic summary data was obtained from GECCO/CORECT/CCFR (the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry), and FinnGen (Finland Biobank). The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was applied in the main analysis, and other robust methods were used as sensitivity analyses. Estimates for the association from the two data sources were then pooled using a meta-analysis approach.

Results

Thirteen pQTLs were identified as IVs explaining together 7.80% of interindividual variation in circulating resistin concentrations. Based on MR analyses, genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations were not associated with incident CRC (pooled-IVW-OR per standard deviation of resistin, 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; p = 0.67. Restricting the analyses to using IVs within or proximal to the resistin-encoding gene (cis-IVs), or to IVs located elsewhere in the genome (trans-IVs) provided similar results. The association was not altered when stratified by sex or CRC subsites.

Conclusions

We found no evidence of a relationship between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of CRC.
Sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in cervical cancer screening by race and ethnicity
Authors: Lin Emmeline , Sleboda Patrycja , Rimel Bobbie J. , Chen Jarvis T. , Hernandez Diana V. , Datta Geetanjali D.
Published: August 2023

Background

In the United States, inequities in preventive health behaviors such as cervical cancer screening have been documented. Sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity all individually contribute to such disparities. However, little work has investigated their joint impact on screening behavior.

Methods

Using sampling weighted data from the 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed differences in two metrics via chi-square statistics: 1) lifetime uptake, and 2) up-to-date cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and gender identity, within and across racial/ethnic classifications.

Results

Within all races, individuals who identify as members of sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities reported higher rates of never being screened (except for Black transgender men) than straight or cisgender individuals (p < 0.0001). [*START* Across all races, the Asian/Pacific Islander transgender population (32.4%; weighted n (w.n.) = 1,313) had the lowest proportion of lifetime screening, followed by the Asian/Pacific Islander gay/lesbian (53.0%, w.n. = 21,771), Hispanic transgender (58.7%; w.n. = 24,780), Asian/Pacific Islander bisexual (61.8%, w.n. = 54,524), and Hispanic gay/lesbian (69.6%, w.n. = 125,781) populations. *END*] Straight or cisgender Non-Hispanic White (w.n. = 40,664,476) individuals had the highest proportion of lifetime screening (97.7% and 97.5%, respectively). However, among individuals who had been screened at least once in their lifetime, identifying as SGM was not associated with a decreased proportion of up-to-date screening within or between races.

Conclusions

Due to small sample sizes, especially among Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic populations, confidence intervals were wide. Heterogeneity in screening participation by SGM status within and across racial/ethnic groups were observed.

Impact

These screening disparities reveal the need to disaggregate data to account for intersecting identities and for studies with larger sample sizes to increase estimate reliability.
A survey on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis in supervisory control
Authors: Malik Robi , Mohajerani Sahar , Fabian Martin
Published: August 2023

This survey gives an overview of the current research on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis of modular systems modelled as interacting finite-state machines. Compositional algorithms operate by repeatedly simplifying individual components of a large system, replacing them by smaller so-called abstractions, while preserving critical properties. In this way, the exponential growth of the state space can be limited, making it possible to analyse much bigger state spaces than possible by standard state space exploration. This paper gives an introduction to the principles underlying compositional methods, followed by a survey of algorithmic solutions from the recent literature that use compositional methods to analyse systems automatically. The focus is on applications in supervisory control of discrete event systems, particularly on methods that verify critical properties or synthesise controllable and nonblocking supervisors.
The efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ke Jun-yi , Huang Shu , Jing Zhi-tao , Duan Min-chao
Published: August 2023

Background

Rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive occurs in approximately 2% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This mutation often predicts metastasis risk and poor prognosis, and current mainstream therapies provide limited patient benefit. Selective RET inhibitors Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib are targeted drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating RET-mutated tumors. The phase I/II clinical trial results of their treatment of NSCLC have been published. However, the clinical effect of selective RET inhibitors on RET fusion-positive NSCLC remains controversial. Purpose Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibitors in treating RET fusion-positive NSCLC. Methods Qualified literature was searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), disease control rate (DCR), intracranial ORR, and adverse events. Stata 15.1 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that the ORR of patients treated with selective RET inhibitors was 67% (95% confidence interval:0.64 to 0.70, P < 0.01), DCR was 92% (95%CI: 0.91–0.94, P < 0.01), the mPFS was 16.09 months (95%CI: 11.66–20.52, P < 0.01). In treated patients with RET mutation, the intracranial ORR was 86% (95%CI:0.74 ~ 0.96, P < 0.01). ORR in untreated patients was more effective than untreated patients [HR = 0.44 (95%CI: 0.35–0.56, P < 0.01)]. The major adverse events (grade 3–4) are neutropenia (13%) and anaemia (13%). Conclusions Selective RET inhibitors Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib have shown a good effect on RET fusion-positive NSCLC, with a low incidence of adverse events.
Heterogeneous Impacts in Voluntary Agreements: A Changes-in-Changes Approach to the UK Climate Change Agreements
Authors: Mayr Kentaro Florian , Agnolucci Paolo
Published: August 2023

The limited microeconometric evidence on the efficacy of environmental Negotiated Agreements (NAs) is an obstacle to both their introduction and effective design. We help fill this gap by providing evidence on the impact of the second Climate Change Agreements (CCAs) on business electricity consumption and employment. The CCAs are NAs offering a reduction on the Climate Change Levy (CCL), an energy consumption tax, in exchange for commitments to improve energy efficiency. We use the novel changes-in-changes method to account for heterogeneity in treatment effects. Our results indicate that the second CCAs yielded improved outcomes compared to the counterfactual of full CCL with an average reduction of − 4.81% in electricity consumption. They also reveal the importance of allowing for heterogeneity, as the impact on electricity consumption at the identified deciles varied between − 9.33 and 12.54%. This is a marked difference from the first CCAs which were found to increase consumption. The heterogeneity in treatment response is corroborated when extending the study to two large industrial sectors in the sample and when studying firms selecting differing target reporting methods. Confirming the findings from earlier studies of the first scheme, our results indicate a non-statistically significant reduction in employment, about − 4.6% on average, for the second CCAs.
Integrating Biobehavioral and Environmental Components of Developmental Psychopathology via Interpersonal Dynamics: An RDoC-Advancing Model
Authors: Somers Jennifer A. , Ho Tiffany C. , Roubinov Danielle , Lee Steve S.
Published: August 2023

Although the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDoC) framework proposes biological and environmental mechanisms intersect in the etiology of psychopathology, there is no guidance on how to define or measure experiences in the environment within the RDoC matrix. Interpersonal dynamics during caregiver–child interactions involve temporal coordination of interacting partners’ biobehavioral functioning; repeated experiences of signaling to caregivers and responding to caregivers’ signals shape children’s subsequent socioemotional and brain development. We begin with a review of the extant literature on caregiver-child dynamics, which reveals that RDoC’s units of analysis (brain circuits, physiology, behavior, and self-report) are inextricably linked with moment-to-moment changes in the caregiving environment. We then offer a proof-of-concept for integrating biobehavioral RDoC units and environmental components via caregiver-child dynamics. Our approach uses dynamic structural equation models to estimate within-dyad dynamics involving arousal, social, cognitive, and negative or positive affective processes based on second-by-second changes in parasympathetic activity (RSA) during a conflict discussion and a positive event-planning task. Our results illustrate variation in parent–child RSA synchrony, suggesting differences depending on the driver (i.e., child- or parent-led) and on the unique and intersecting domains involved (e.g., positive or negative affect valence systems). We conclude with recommendations for conducting robust, methodologically rigorous studies of interpersonal dynamics that advance the RDoC framework and provide a summary of the clinical implications of this research. Examining caregiver-child dynamics during and across multiple dyadic interaction paradigms that differentially elicit key domains of functioning can deepen understanding of how caregiver- and child-led interpersonal dynamics contribute to child psychopathology risk.
Grasping the supremacy of microplastic in the environment to understand its implications and eradication: a review
Authors: Borah Shikha Jyoti , Gupta Abhijeet Kumar , Gupta Akanksha , Bhawna  , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Ritika , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Pramod , Dubey Kashyap Kumar , Kaushik Sandeep , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: August 2023

Over the last century, accumulation of microplastic has emerged as a greater threat to the environment, plants, microorganisms and even human beings. Microplastics can be intentionally produced for industries such as cosmetics, or they may be unintentionally generated from degradation of bulk plastic debris. Furthermore, mismanagement of plastic waste is a major source of microplastics. When ingested, microplastics can alter several physical, chemical and biological processes in living organisms. Thus, their toxicity silently spreads its roots into the biosphere. Unfortunately, current strategies for the elimination of microplastics are not sufficient for their complete removal and degradation. Therefore, the adoption of green innovative technologies is the first step toward a microplastic-free environment. However, advances for its effective degradation and elimination are hindered by our limited understanding. This literature study investigates microplastic comprehensively, covering their sources, fate, ecological impacts and their effects on biological processes. It includes an analysis of microplastics in Indian rivers, explores methods for its eradication and degradation, emphasizes plastic recycling and offers future recommendations to pave way toward achieving a microplastic-free environment.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of project-based mathematics in first-year high school in terms of learning environment and student outcomes
Authors: Rijken Paul E. , Fraser Barry J.
Published: August 2023

This study of first year high-school students in South Australia focussed on the effectiveness of using an innovative project-based mathematics strategy to improve the classroom learning environment and the student outcomes of enjoyment, academic efficacy and achievement. As well, we investigated the differential effectiveness of project-based mathematics for male and female students. A sample of 284 students from a co-educational private secondary school provided quantitative data about classroom learning environment as assessed with seven scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC), together with data about the three student outcomes assessed with one scale each. Our study also included a mixed-method design involving qualitative information collected through classroom observations and interviews with 20 students and 3 teachers to explain patterns emerging from the analysis of quantitative data.
Transferability prediction among classification and regression tasks using optimal transport
Authors: Hatakeyama Tomoyuki , Wang Xueting , Yamasaki Toshihiko
Published: August 2023

Transfer learning is a method for improving generalization performance by training a model for a different task first and then additionally training the pre-learned weights for the target task. However, transferability—the ease with which source task can be effectively transferred to which target task—is often unknown. Existing works proposed methods of measuring the transferability between classification tasks using images and discrete labels, but it cannot be applied to regression tasks. In this work, we investigate transferability among classification and regression tasks, and propose a method for predicting transferability by extending the optimal transport theory. Our transferability prediction model also can be applied to subjective tasks (e.g., aesthetics and memorability), which are usually regression tasks. We show that the appropriate source (pre-training) tasks can be predicted for the chosen target task without conducting actual pre-training and transferring trials. Experimental results demonstrated high prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of $$\rho =0.791$$

ρ
=
0.791

) and a speed improvement of approximately 300 times compared with the above-mentioned greedy approach.
The evidential future in Italian
Authors: Frana Ilaria , Menéndez-Benito Paula
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a systematic description and analysis of the non-predictive use of the Italian future. Several authors claim that, on this use, the Italian future is an evidential (Squartini 2001, Mari 2010, Eckardt and Beltrama 2019, Frana and Menéndez-Benito 2019). Others argue that the non-predictive future does not directly contribute an evidential signal (e.g., Giannakidou and Mari 2018, Farkas and Ippolito 2022). We side with the evidential camp. From an empirical standpoint, we present the results of a battery of tests that show that the non-predictive future patterns with evidentials cross-linguistically. From a theoretical standpoint, we put forward an analysis that combines a slightly modified version of the proposal for evidentials in Davis et al. (2007) with Schlenker’s (2007) view of expressive content. On this account, the Italian evidential future (i) lowers the quality threshold required to perform a successful speech act (Davis et al. 2007) and (ii) triggers an evidential presupposition relativized to the speaker’s beliefs (modeled after Schlenker’s analysis of expressives). Our treatment of the evidential component as an expressive presupposition opens up a new perspective on the study of evidentiality and highlights the need for further detailed empirical studies exploring the extent to which this perspective is applicable cross-linguistically.
Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated Transport Processes by the Antiviral Drug Ritonavir in Cultured Primary Astrocytes
Authors: Arend Christian , Grothaus Isabell L. , Waespy Mario , Ciacchi Lucio Colombi , Dringen Ralf
Published: August 2023

The Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (Mrp1) is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter and a major facilitator of drug resistance in mammalian cells during cancer and HIV therapy. In brain, Mrp1-mediated GSH export from astrocytes is the first step in the supply of GSH precursors to neurons. To reveal potential mechanisms underlying the drug-induced modulation of Mrp1-mediated transport processes, we investigated the effects of the antiviral drug ritonavir on cultured rat primary astrocytes. Ritonavir strongly stimulated the Mrp1-mediated export of glutathione (GSH) by decreasing the Km value from 200 nmol/mg to 28 nmol/mg. In contrast, ritonavir decreased the export of the other Mrp1 substrates glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and bimane-glutathione. To give explanation for these apparently contradictory observations, we performed in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations using a homology model of rat Mrp1 to predict the binding modes of ritonavir, GSH and GSSG to Mrp1. The results suggest that ritonavir binds to the hydrophilic part of the bipartite binding site of Mrp1 and thereby differently affects the binding and transport of the Mrp1 substrates. These new insights into the modulation of Mrp1-mediated export processes by ritonavir provide a new model to better understand GSH-dependent detoxification processes in brain cells.
Machine Learning-Based Exploration of the Impact of Move Method Refactoring on Object-Oriented Software Quality Attributes
Authors: Al Dallal Jehad , Abdulsalam Hanady , AlMarzouq Mohammad , Selamat Ali
Published: August 2023

Refactoring is a maintenance task that aims at enhancing the quality of a software’s source code by restructuring it without affecting the external behavior. Move method refactoring (MMR) involves reallocating a method by moving it from one class to the class in which the method is used most. Several studies have been performed to explore the impact of MMR on several quality attributes. However, these studies have several limitations related to the applied approaches, considered quality attributes, and size of the selected datasets. This paper reports an empirical study that applies statistical and machine learning (ML) approaches to explore the impact of MMR on code quality. The study overcame the limitations of the existing studies, and this improvement is expected to make the results of this study more reliable and trustworthy. We considered eight quality attributes and thirty quality measures, and a total of approximately 4 K classes from seven Java open-source systems were involved in the study. The results provide evidence that most of the quality attributes were significantly improved by MMR in most cases. In addition, the results show that a limited number of measures, when considered individually, have a significant ability to predict MMR, whereas most of the considered measures, when considered together, significantly contribute to the MMR prediction model. The constructed ML-based prediction model has an area under curve (AUC) value of 96.6%.
Influence of the application of ultrasound on the microstructure of cemented carbide/steel joints brazed with Ag49ZnCuMnNi
Authors: Wojarski L. , Tillmann W. , Ulitzka H. , Ulitzka T.
Published: August 2023

The poor wettability of cemented carbides by molten metals as well as the different material properties compared to steel makes thermal joining process challenging. In this regard, innovative ultrasonic-assisted induction brazing is capable of joining the materials quickly, cost-effectively and without using environmentally hazardous fluxes. Instead, the oxide scales are broken up within the joining process due to ultrasonic-induced cavitation in the molten filler alloy and hence promote the wetting. However, since the use of ultrasound in brazing steel/cemented carbide joints is still insufficiently investigated, there is still a need to explore the fundamental influences of ultrasound on the brazing process. In this work, the effect of ultrasound on the microstructure of the brazed joints and the diffusion depth of different elements were analysed. The two ultrasonic parameters activation time and amplitude were varied during the experiments. Acicular or dendritic structures that have formed in the braze metal without ultrasonic stimulation were transformed into globular structures, when ultrasound was applied. In addition, a non-eutectic silver-rich phase formed, which was not observed in joints manufactured without the use of ultrasound. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound led to increased diffusion between the base material and the filler material as well as the dissolution and distribution of oxides in the edge regions of the brazing joints.
Investigating the Impact of Backward Strategy Learning in a Logic Tutor: Aiding Subgoal Learning Towards Improved Problem Solving
Authors: Shabrina Preya , Mostafavi Behrooz , Abdelshiheed Mark , Chi Min , Barnes Tiffany
Published: August 2023

Learning to derive subgoals reduces the gap between experts and students and makes students prepared for future problem solving. Researchers have explored subgoal-labeled instructional materials in traditional problem solving and within tutoring systems to help novices learn to subgoal. However, only a little research is found on problem-solving strategies in relationship with subgoal learning. Also, these strategies are under-explored within computer-based tutors and learning environments. The backward problem-solving strategy is closely related to the process of subgoaling, where problem solving iteratively refines the goal into a new subgoal to reduce difficulty. In this paper, we explore a training strategy for backward strategy learning within an intelligent logic tutor that teaches logic-proof construction. The training session involved backward worked examples (BWE) and problem solving (BPS) to help students learn backward strategy towards improving their subgoaling and problem-solving skills. To evaluate the training strategy, we analyzed students’ 1) experience with and engagement in learning backward strategy, 2) performance and 3) proof construction approaches in new problems that they solved independently without tutor help after each level of training and in posttest. Our results showed that, when new problems were given to solve without any tutor help, students who were trained with both BWE and BPS outperformed students who received none of the treatment or only BWE during training. Additionally, students trained with both BWE and BPS derived subgoals during proof construction with significantly higher efficiency than the other two groups.
A multi-layer composite identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm based on hybrid random forest and logistic regression model
Authors: Yuan Ke , Huang Yabing , Du Zhanfei , Li Jiabao , Jia Chunfu
Published: August 2023

Cryptographic technology can effectively defend against malicious attackers to attack sensitive and private information. The core of cryptographic technology is cryptographic algorithm, and the cryptographic algorithm identification is the premise of in-depth analysis of cryptography. In the cryptanalysis of unknown cryptographic algorithm, the primary task is to identify the cryptographic algorithm used in the encryption and then carry out targeted analysis. With the rapid growth of Internet data, the increasing complexity of communication environment, and the increasing number of cryptographic algorithms, the single-layer identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm faces great challenges in terms of identification ability and stability. To solve these problems, on the basis of existing identification schemes, this paper proposes a new cluster division scheme CMSSBAM-cluster, and then proposes a multi-layer composite identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm using a composite structure. The scheme adopts the method of cluster division and single division to identify various cryptographic algorithms. Based on the idea of ensemble, the scheme uses the hybrid random forest and logistic regression (HRFLR) model for training, and conducts research on a data set consisting of 1700 ciphertext files encrypted by 17 cryptographic algorithms. In addition, two ensemble learning models, hybrid gradient boosting decision tree and logistic regression (HGBDTLR) model and hybrid k-neighbors and random forest (HKNNRF) model are used as controls to conduct controlled experiments in this paper. The experimental results show that multi-layer composite identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm based on HRFLR model has an accuracy rate close to 100% in the cluster division stage, and the identification results are higher than those of the other two models in both the cluster division and single division stages. In the last layer of cluster division, the identification accuracy of ECB and CBC encryption modes in block cryptosystem is significantly higher than that of the other two classification models by 35.2% and 36.1%. In single division, the identification accuracy is higher than HGBDTLR with a maximum of 9.8%, and higher than HKNNRF with a maximum of 7.5%. At the same time, the scheme proposed in this paper has significantly improved the identification effect compared with the single division identification accuracy of 17 cryptosystem directly and the 17 classification accuracy of 5.9% compared with random classification, which indicates that multi-layer composite identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm based on HRFLR model has significant advantages in the accuracy of identifying multiple cryptographic algorithms.
Bayesian fused lasso modeling via horseshoe prior
Authors: Kakikawa Yuko , Shimamura Kaito , Kawano Shuichi
Published: August 2023

Bayesian fused lasso is one of the sparse Bayesian methods, which shrinks both regression coefficients and their successive differences simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian fused lasso modeling via horseshoe prior. By assuming a horseshoe prior on the difference of successive regression coefficients, the proposed method enables us to prevent over-shrinkage of those differences. We also propose a Bayesian nearly hexagonal operator for regression with shrinkage and equality selection with horseshoe prior, which imposes priors on all combinations of differences of regression coefficients. Simulation studies and an application to real data show that the proposed method gives better performance than existing methods.
Ball milled Mg/Al hydroxides modified nitrogen-rich biochar for arsenic removal: performance and governing mechanism
Authors: Wang Ming , Yan Jinlong , Diao Yusen , Zhou Xiangqian , Luo Ting , Wang Hui , Quan Guixiang , Sun Xinyu , Wang Jun
Published: August 2023

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are widely used as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment due to their simple synthesis, controllable structure, strong stability, large surface area, and large interfacial spacing. In this study, modified-biochar (BMBC) and Mg/Al modified-biochar composite (Mg/Al-BC) were directly prepared using ball milling technology to effectively adsorb As(V), and nitrogen-rich biochar was obtained through pyrolysis using shrimp shells as precursors. Compared to pristine biochar, the oxygen-containing functional groups of Mg/Al-BC increased by 71.9%, and the particle average diameter decreased from 14.26 nm to 12.56 nm. The kinetics and isothermal models of arsenic adsorption were examined in batch experiments to investigate the impacts of pH, temperature, and co-existing anions. The adsorption capacities for As(V) followed the order: Mg/Al-BC > BMBC > BC, with their respective maximum adsorption capacities measured at 22.65, 6.73, and 0.48 mg/g. The arsenic adsorbed onto Mg/Al-BC was dependent on pH and coexisting anions. Precipitation, ion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic interaction were the possible governing adsorption mechanisms. Protonation of pyridinic-N/quinone groups in biochar contributed to the electrostatic attraction between arsenic anion and quaternary ammonium cation. Stable reusability indicates that the ball milled Mg/Al-BC composite could be a promising adsorbent for arsenate removal from polluted water.

Graphical Abstract
Metaphor use in depersonalization/derealization
Authors: Dilkes Jane
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the use of metaphor in the dissociative disorder depersonalization/derealization – the feeling of unreality or detachment from the senses or surrounding events. While the debilitating experience of depersonalization/derealization is prevalent, it is also under-acknowledged, such that it is often expressed through metaphor, with more typical metaphor described in diagnostic criteria. Using naturally occurring text from two prominent English language depersonalization/derealization support fora, in the current study a systematic survey is made of metaphor to communicate the experience of depersonalization/derealization in context. It is concluded that metaphor described in the formal diagnostic criteria for depersonalization/derealization does not completely represent metaphor use in the contexts investigated. A summary is made of metaphor for the experiences of depersonalization, and derealization, and depersonalization/derealization more generally, across both the contexts investigated, that may support vital understanding and diagnosis of this debilitating, under-recognized experience, across a wider demographic.
Aggressive und sexuelle Zwangsgedanken
Authors: Hillebrand Thomas
Published: August 2023

Schätzungsweise ein Viertel aller Zwangspatientinnen und -patienten sind mit extrem scham- und schuldbesetzten aggressiven und sexuellen Zwangsgedanken belastet und stellen für Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten eine große Herausforderung dar. Der Therapieleitfaden widmet sich als erste deutschsprachige Publikation ausschließlich dieser Gruppe von Betroffenen.
Viele Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten sind zwar mit der Behandlung von Handlungszwängen vertraut, finden jedoch die Behandlung von aggressiven und sexuellen Zwangsgedanken sehr herausfordernd: Woran erkennt man, dass es sich tatsächlich nur um Gedanken handelt und keine kriminelle, pädophile oder andere sexuelle Neigung vorliegt? Wie geht man mit dem permanenten Zweifel um, den die Patientinnen und Patienten äußern? Wie soll bei diesen Themen eine Exposition durchgeführt werden, wenn doch kein offensichtliches Zwangsverhalten vorliegt? Der Autor geht diesen Fragen nach und ermöglicht ein Verständnis der besonderen Dynamik der aggressiven und sexuellen Zwangsgedanken, die sich in zentralen Punkten von anderen Zwangsgedanken unterscheidet. Daraus leiten sich Besonderheiten im Umgang mit dieser Patientengruppe ab. Beispielhafte Therapeut-Patienten-Dialoge illustrieren den Umgang mit typischen Fragen und Vorbehalten der Patientinnen und Patienten im Rahmen der Distanzierung von Zwangsgedanken. Ein zentrales Augenmerk gilt der Vorbereitung und Durchführung einer Exposition in sensu, die die massive Furcht der Betroffenen vor dem aggressiven oder sexuellen Zwangsgedanken an sich in den Fokus stellt. Varianten der Exposition in vivo komplettieren den konfrontativen Behandlungskanon. Eine Analyse vorhandener Diagnoseinstrumente sowie die Skizzierung des zwangsspezifischen inferenzbasierten Therapieansatzes nach O´Connor, der im deutschsprachigen Raum – trotz Aufnahme in die S3-Leitlinien – bislang kaum Berücksichtigung findet, runden den Therapieleitfaden ab.
Klärungsorientierte Psychotherapie von Persönlichkeitsstörungen
Authors: Sachse Rainer , Kramer Ueli
Published: August 2023

Das Buch liefert einen Überblick über grundlegende Konzepte von Persönlichkeitsstörungen und von psychotherapeutischen Strategien für deren Therapie. Ausgehend vom Modell der doppelten Handlungsregulation werden elementare Interventionsmethoden im Rahmen der Klärungsorientierten Psychotherapie behandelt: Komplementäre Beziehungsgestaltung, Konfrontationen, therapeutischer Umgang mit Spielen und Spielstrukturen, Klärung und Bearbeitung von Schemata, Umgang mit Komorbiditäten. Auch diagnostische Konsequenzen aus dem Modell werden erläutert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Vermittlung psychologisch fundierter, in der Praxis bewährter Vorgehensweisen, mit deren Hilfe die Therapie von Persönlichkeitsstörungen effektiv gelingen kann.
Die überarbeitete Neuauflage des Bandes wird durch die Darstellung von Forschungsergebnissen zur klärungsorientierten Psychotherapie und von Ergebnissen aus der Prozessforschung ergänzt.