bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of hydrogeochemical and hydrodynamic effects with manifestations of seismicity in the territory of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Кендирбаева Дж.Ж.
Published: December 2021

Впервые обобщено данные пространственно-временной перестройки параметров термоминеральных вод (ТМВ) Кыргызстана, связанной с периодами до, во время и после сильных землетрясений, произошедших за 1970-2015 г. Это в условиях разрывно-блочной структуры способствует к оптимизации способов развертывания сети мониторинга и повышению надежного отделения полезного сигнала от «закономерных» помех. Показано, что гидроаномалии длительностью от первых часов и дней до нескольких месяцев, по формам и контрастности, не повторяясь от одного землетрясения к другому, возникают при сейсмических событиях при K ≥11.

For the first time, the data of the spatial and temporal restructuring of the parameters of thermal mineral waters (TMW) of Kyrgyzstan, associated with the periods before, during and after the strong earthquakes that occurred in 1970-2015, were generalized. reliable separation of the useful signal from «regular» interference. It is shown that hydroanomalies lasting from the first hours and days to several months, in terms of shapes and contrast, without repeating from one earthquake to another, arise during seismic events at K ≥11.
Distortion of the radiation background of the urban environment due to the aggressive influence of the technosphere. Stage 2: parks and recreation areas
Authors: Яковлев Г.А. , Зулу М.Ч.
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты исследования гамма-фона от объектов техносферы в городской среде г. Томска, Россия, с помощью высокочувствительных детекторов БДКГ-03. Было замечено, что в радиусе 1 м от некоторых объектов техносферы поглощенная доза была на 1.5–4.4 выше, чем предел дозы, рекомендованный НКДАР ООН. Максимальная зарегистрированная мощность дозы на расстоянии 50 см от объектов техносферы составила 0.204 мкЗв/ч, что соответствует среднегодовой эффективной дозе внешнего облучения 0.31 мЗв и риску радиационно-индуцированного рака в течение жизни 1.09·10-3. Диапазон изменения мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы гамма-излучения в г. Томске составил от 0.058 мкЗв/ч до 0.39 мкЗв/ч.

The paper presents the results of a study of the gamma background from technosphere objects in the urban environment of Tomsk, Russia, using high-sensitivity detectors BDKG-03. It was noted that within a radius of 1 m from some objects of the technosphere, theabsorbed dose was 1.5–4.4 higher than the dose limit recommended by UNSCEAR. The maximum recorded dose rate at a distance of 50 cm from the objects of the technosphere was 0.204 mSv/h, which corresponds to an average annual effective dose of external radiation of 0.31 mSv and a lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer of 1.09 ·10-3. The variation range of the ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in Tomsk was from 0.058 mSv/h to 0.39 mSv/h.
The second boundary value problem in a half-strip for a B-parabolic equation with the Gerasimov–Caputo time derivative
Authors: Хуштова Ф.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе исследуется вторая краевая задача в полуполосе для параболического уравнения с оператором Бесселя, действующим по пространственной переменной, и частной производной Герасимова–Капуто по времени. Доказаны теоремы существования и единственности решения рассматриваемой задачи. Представление решения найдено в терминах интегрального преобразования с функцией Райта в ядре. Единственность решения доказана в классе функций быстрого роста. При частных значениях параметров, содержащихся в рассматриваемом уравнении, последнее совпадает с классическим уравнением диффузии.

In the present paper, we investigate the second boundary value problem in a half-strip for a parabolic equation with the Bessel operator acting with respect to the spatial variable and the Gerasimov–Caputo partial time derivative. Theorems of existence and uniqueness of the solution of the problem under consideration are proved.The solution representation is found in terms of an integral transform with the Wright function in the kernel. The uniqueness of the solution is proved in the class of functions of rapid growth. The considered equation for particular values of the parameters coincides with the classical diffusion equation.
Compartmental model of economic and social educational ecosystem of the territory
Authors: Нахушева З.А. , Ашинова И.В.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается экономика вузов региональных территорий. На основе уравнения диффузии строится математическая модель генезиса экономико-социальной образовательной экосистемы.

The article examines the economics of universities in regional territories. Based on the diffusion equation, a mathematical model of the genesis of the economic and social educational ecosystem is constructed.
Advantages of application of carbon nanotubes in displays and leds
Authors: Данилов И.И. , Бураев Д.А. , Старухин А.В. , Краско Е.С.
Published: December 2021

углерод, углеродные нанотрубки, электроника, катоды, излучатели фотонов, эмиссионные характеристики, дисплеи, светодиоды

The article discusses current issues about the advantages of using carbon nanotubes in displays and LEDs. The main properties and features of carbon nanotubes, their unique emission characteristics, which provide them with significant prospects for use as the basis of future elements in displays and LEDs, are presented. Based on the results of the analysis of various qualitative characteristics of carbon nanotubes, conclusions are drawn about the prospects of their use as the basis for future elements of nanoelectronics.
Diurnal and seasonal amplitude and phase variations of the radio signals of RSDN-20 transmitters and the intensity of radio noise (11.9 kHz) registered in Yakutsk during 2009-2017
Authors: Корсаков А.А. , Козлов В.И. , Павлов Е.А.
Published: December 2021

В работе проводится анализ суточных, сезонных и межгодовых вариаций интенсивности радиошума, а также амплитуды и фазы сигналов радиотехнической системы дальней навигации РСДН-20 по данным регистрации на частоте 11.904 кГц в г. Якутске в периоды нарастания, максимума и спада в 24-м цикле солнечной активности (2009-2017 годы). Наиболее ярко выражены сезонные дневные вариации амплитуды. Зарегистрировано увеличение фазовой задержки радиосигнала от дня к ночи, что характерно для увеличения эффективной высоты волновода Земля – ионосфера. Наблюдаемое уменьшение фазовой задержки в ночное зимнее время на радиотрассе малой протяженности Хабаровск-Якутск возможно объясняется интерференцией мод высших порядков. Наблюдается асимметрия дневных сезонных вариаций амплитуды ОНЧ радиосигналов (11.904 кГц). Амплитуда сигнала в период осеннего равноденствия ближе к летнему солнцестоянию, а амплитуда весеннего равноденствия — к зимнему солнцестоянию. В дневные часы сезонные вариации амплитуды и фазы относительно стабильны год от года. В периоды нарастания, максимума и спада в 24-м цикле солнечной активности отмечены большие изменения амплитуды ОНЧ-сигнала, зарегистрированные зимой, по сравнению с летом. На фоне повышения солнечной активности в зимний период ночью регистрируется повышение фазовой задержки на радиотрассе меньшей протяженности Хабаровск-Якутск (1400 км) на 23 ± 6°.

The daily, seasonal and interannual variations of the radio noise intensity, the amplitude and phase of signals from the long-range navigation radio system RSDN-20 are analyzed based on the registration at a frequency of 11.904 kHz in Yakutsk during increase, maximum and decrease periods in the 24th solar cycle activity (2009-2017). The most pronounced seasonal daytime amplitude variations. The signal phase delay increase from day to night was recorded, which is characteristic of an increase in the effective height of the Earthionosphere waveguide. The observed phase delay decrease in the winter night time on the short radio propagation path Khabarovsk-Yakutsk can be explained by the interference of higher-order modes. There is an asymmetry of the daytime seasonal variations of the amplitude of VLF radio signals (11.904 kHz). During daytime, seasonal variations in amplitude and phase are relatively stable from year to year. Against the background of an increase in solar activity in winter, at night, the phase delay increase is recorded by 23 ± 6°on a shorter radio path Khabarovsk-Yakutsk (1400 km).
Anomalies in electromagnetic and geoacoustic emission signals
Authors: Луковенкова О.О. , Малкин Е.И. , Мищенко М.А. , Солодчук А.А.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассматриваются предсейсмические аномалии сигналов электромагнитного излучения в диапазоне очень низких частот (ОНЧ) и геоакустической эмиссии, зарегистрированных на Камчатке в 2013 году. Выявлены признаки возникновения аномальных возмущений в исследуемых сигналах и особенности их проявления. Проведен совместный анализ предсейсмических аномалий в сигналах электромагнитного ОНЧ-излучения и геоакустической эмиссии методом наложения эпох. Представлены оценки вероятности возникновения таких аномалий в рассматриваемых геофизических сигналах.

The paper considers pre-seismic anomalies in the signals of electromagnetic radia-tion in a very low frequency range and geoacoustic emission recorded in Kamchatka in 2013. Signs of anomaly occurrence in the studied signals and peculiarities of their manifestation were revealed. Using the epoch folding method, joint analysis of the detected pre-seismic electro-magnetic and geoacoustic anomalies was carried out. The estimates of occurrence
probability for such amomalies of the considered geophysical fields are presented.
Manifestations of global disturbances of the geomagnetic field in dynamics of thunderstorms
Authors: Хаердинов Н.С. , Джаппуев Д.Д. , Канониди К.Д. , Куджаев А.У. , Лидванский А.С. , Петков В.Б. , Хаердинов М.Н.
Published: December 2021

Используя метод диагностики электрического состояния грозовой атмосферы по вариациям вторичных частиц космических лучей, регистрируемых установкой «Ковёр» БНО ИЯИ РАН, обнаружено явление взаимного влияния магнитосферной бури и грозовой активности. Установлено, что во время магнитосферных суббурь малой мощности, на предварительной стадии и в начале фазы развития, возможно проникновение магнитосферно — ионосферных возмущений на средние широты (∼40° с.ш.) над грозовыми очагами. Этот эффект проявляется в виде диффузного свечения типа «полярное сияние» яркостью ∼3 ·10-4 кд·м-² и локальных возмущений электрического поля с характерной разностью потенциалов в тропосфере ±100 МВ. Зарегистрировано локальное магнитное возмущение (∼1 нТл), соответствующее возникновению локального вертикального тока в атмосфере, максимум которого совпал с началом взрывной фазы зарождения суббури.

Using the method of diagnosing the electrical state of a thunderstorm atmosphere by variations of the secondary particles of cosmic rays recorded by the Carpet air shower array of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (North Caucasus), the phenomenon of the mutual influence of a magnetic storm and thunderstorm activity was discovered. It has been established that during magnetic substorms of low power, at the preliminary stage and at the beginning of the development phase, penetration of magnetospheric–ionospheric disturbances at mid latitudes (∼400 N) above lightning centers is possible. This effect manifests itself in the form of a diffuse glow of the aurora type with a brightness of ∼3 ·10-4 cd·m-² and local disturbances of the electric field with a characteristic potential difference in the troposphere of order of  ±100 MV. A local magnetic disturbance (∼ 1 nT) was recorded, corresponding to the appearance of a local vertical current in the atmosphere, whose maximum coincided
with the beginning of the expansion phase of substorm nucleation.
Negative charge transfer from the ionosphere to the ground on the background of a magnetic storm
Authors: Хаердинов Н.С. , Джаппуев Д.Д. , Канониди К.Д. , Куджаев А.У. , Лидванский А.С. , Петков В.Б. , Хаердинов М.Н.
Published: December 2021

Во время магнитосферной бури 22.06.2015, сопровождаемой Форбуш – понижением, отдельные установки, регистрирующие космические лучи на уровне земли, зафиксировали положительное возмущение интенсивности частиц в период 19:00 –22:00 UT. В работе приводится регистрация указанного всплеска на территории Кавказских гор установкой «Ковёр» БНО ИЯИ РАН. Приводится экспериментальное свидетельство медленного спуска в этот период большого отрицательного заряда с ионосферы на землю.

During a magnetic storm on June 22, 2015, was accompanied by a Forbush decrease, some detectors of cosmic rays on the ground level recorded a positive disturbance of the particle intensity in the period 19:00 – 22:00 UT. This paper presents the data of detecting this burst in the North Caucasus region by the Carpet air shower array of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory. Experimental evidence in favor of a slow transfer in this period of a large negative charge from the ionosphere to the ground is presented.
Exploring cognitive interest in mathematics through fun assignments in tenth grade
Authors: Яковлева Т.П. , Петрова П.В.
Published: December 2021

В статье приведено исследование познавательного интереса на основе занимательных заданий по математике. Описаны три этапа опытно-экспериментальной работы, представлены диагностики исследования, приведены примеры системы занимательных заданий по математике, включающие кроссворд, кросснамбер, чайнворд, криптограмму.

The article provides a study of cognitive interest based on entertaining tasks in mathematics. Three stages of experimental work are described, diagnostics of the study are presented, examples of a system of entertaining tasks in mathematics are given, including a crossword, crossword, teaword, cryptogram.
On approximation of definite integrals by compound quadrature formulas using derivatives
Authors: Шустов В.В.
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрена задача вычисления определенного интеграла функции, для которой известны значения ее самой и набора производных до заданного порядка в точках отрезка интегрирования. Построены составные квадратурные формулы, которые используют значения функции и ее производных до m-го порядка включительно. Получено представление остаточного члена, выраженное через производную соответствующего порядка и число узловых точек. Приведены примеры интегрирования заданных функций с исследованием погрешности и ее оценки. Дано сравнение с известными численными методами и формулой Эйлера-Маклорена, которое показало повышенную точность и лучшую сходимость метода двухточечного интегрирования

The problem of computing a definite integral of a function for which the values of itself and the set of derivatives up to a given order at the points of the interval of integration are known is considered. Composite quadrature formulas are constructed that use the values of the function and its derivatives up to the m-th order inclusive. A representation of the remainder is obtained, expressed in terms of the derivative of the corresponding order and the number of nodal points. Examples of integration of the given functions with the study of the error and its estimation are given. A comparison is made with the known numerical methods and the Euler-Maclaurin formula, which showed increased accuracy and better convergence of the two-point integration method.
Влияние зданий на суммарный гамма-фон
Authors: Yeboah E. , Macdonald P. , Yakovlev G.
Published: December 2021

The influence of buildings on the total gamma background radiation was investigated. The total gamma radiation between a building made from bricks and a field, which are 100 m apart (away from the influence of other buildings), was measured using a scintillation detector. Measurements of ambient equivalent dose rate at different heights above the soil and a horizontal distance from 0.1 m – 100 m in variable steps were taken. A new approach was developed to assess the contribution of gamma background radiation from the soil and the building to the total gamma background radiation. It was obtained that the gamma background radiation contributed by buildings, greatly affects the total gamma background radiation up to a distance of 2 m, at which there was a significant decrease in the total gamma background radiation. The percentage of the building that contributes to the total gamma background radiation is noted to be between 4 – 29% of the total gamma background. This shows that most of the background radiation in the environment is contributed by the gamma background radiation in the soil. Also, the annual equivalent dose received by a person who sits near the building was 0.09 mSv, which was higher than an adult who works far away from the building (0.08 mSv). Both were however less than the global level. It also was found that the best place to install a detector for measuring gamma radiation was found to be a distance of 1.5 m away from the building.

Исследовано влияние зданий на общий гамма-фон. Гамма-фон между кирпичным зданием и полем, находящимся на расстоянии 100 м друг от друга (вдали от влияния других зданий), измерялось с помощью сцинтилляционного детектора. Были проведены измерения мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы на разной высоте над почвой и на горизонтальном расстоянии от 0,1 м до 100 м с переменным шагом от здания. Был разработан новый подход для оценки вклада от почвы и здания в общий гамма-фон. Было получено, что гамма-излучение, вносимое зданиями, сильно влияет на суммарный гамма-фон на расстоянии до 2 м, на котором наблюдалось значительное уменьшение излучения в общем. Отмечено, что процент вносимого зданием вклада в общий гамма-фон, составляет от 4 до 29%. Это показывает, что большая часть фонового излучения в окружающей среде обеспечивается гамма-излучением почвы. Кроме того, годовая эквивалентная доза, полученная человеком, сидящим рядом со зданием, составила 0,09 мЗв, что выше, чем у взрослого, работающего далеко от здания (0,08 мЗв). Однако оба значения ниже среднемирового. Также было обнаружено, что лучшим местом для установки детектора гамма-излучения будет удаленное на 1,5 м от здания.
Features of operating the instrument georadar «OKO-250» for refining the ground conditions on the ozernovskaya kosa Kultuсhnogo lake (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city)
Authors: Павлова В.Ю. , Соловьев В.А. , Кокорева А.С.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты работы с прибором георадар «ОКО-250» с целью уточнения грунтовых условий в центральной исторической части города Петропавловска-Камчатского на юго-западном берегу Култучного озера. Метод георадиолокации выполнен впервые. Важно отметить значимость георадара для выявления содержания влаги и эрозии грунтов. Благодаря полученным данным, появляется возможность принять правильные решения при проектировании объектов строительства.

The paper presents the results of work with the georadar «OKO-250» device in order to clarify the soil conditions in the central historical part of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city on the southwestern shore of the Lake Kultuchnoye. The GPR method was performed for the first time. It is important to note the importance of GPR for detecting moisture content and soil erosion. The data obtained helps to make the right decisions in the design of construction projects.
Problems of operative prediction of seismic events. The suggested way to solution
Authors: Паровышный В.А. , Богомолов Л.М. , Сохатюк Ю.В. , Паровышный Д.В.
Published: December 2021

Рассматриваются результаты экспериментальных исследований, направленных на изучение характера временных изменений естественных геофизических полей (ЕГП) над залежью газа, расположенной в зоне влияния активного регионального разлома, а также выявление связи этих изменений с сейсмичностью. В результате эксперимента установлено, что процесс подготовки сейсмических событий сопровождается резким нарушением стабильности ЕГП над продуктивными блоками залежи.

The results of experimental studies aimed at studying the nature of the temporary changes in natural geophysical fields (NGF) above the gas deposit located in the zone of influence of the active regional fault, as well as revealing the connection of these changes with seismicity are found. The experiment established that the seismic events preparation process is accompanied by a sharp instability NGF above productive reservoirs of the deposit.
Comparison of estimates parameters of earthquakes in the Kamchatka region from different catalogs
Authors: Шевченко Ю.В.
Published: December 2021

Для землетрясений Камчатского региона и землетрясений в районе западной части Алеутско – Командорского желоба рассчитаны невязки между временем пробега волн P исходя из оценки времени в очаге и временем пробега в соответствии с моделью Земли AK135. Выявлено систематическое расхождение значений времен пробега, полученных этими способами, причем величина невязки меняется в зависимости от применяемого метода оценки параметров гипоцентров. Результаты сравнения отражают реальную оценку точности координат гипоцентров в каталогах. Проверка качества привязки сейсмических трасс к точному времени показало наличие сбоев синхронизации на сейсмограммах почти всех комплектов сейсмографов, что может быть одной из причин невязок.

he article presents the results of work with such devices as the digital engineering seismic station «TELSS — 3» (LLC «Geosignal»), complete with seismic streamer SM — 20 and seismic receivers GS — 20 DX in order to clarify soil conditions in the valley of the Avacha river in Yelizovsky urban district. The method of refracted waves of seismic exploration was performed for the first time. It is important to note the importance of the seismic station for obtaining primary acoustic data for further refinement of seismic increments. Thanks to the data obtained, it becomes possible to make the right decisions when designing construction objects.
A boundary value problem for mixed type equation with singular coefficient
Authors: Рузиев М.Х. , Актамов Ф.С.
Published: December 2021

В работе изучается краевая задача для уравнения смешанного типа с сингулярным коэффициентом в области, эллиптической частью которой является первая четверть плоскости, а гиперболической частью — характеристический треугольник. Методами интегральных уравнений и принципа экстремума доказывается однозначная разрешимость рассматриваемой задачи.

In this paper we study a boundary value problem for a mixed type equation in a domain whose elliptic part is the first quadrant of the plane and the hyperbolic part is the characteristic triangle. With the help of the method of integral equations and the principle of extremum we prove the unique solvability of the considered problem
Waste apple pomace conversion to acrylic acid: Economic and environmental assessment
Authors: Okoro Oseweuba , Nie Lei , Alimoradi Houman , Shavandi Amin
Published: December 2021

The global demand for acrylic acid (AA) is increasing due to its wide range of applications. Due to this growing demand, alternative AA production strategies must be explored to avoid the exacerbation of prevailing climate and global warming issues since current AA production strategies involve AA production using fossil resources. Investigations on alternative strategies for AA production therefore constitute an important research interest. The present study therefore assesses waste apple pomace (WAP) as a feedstock for the sustainable AA produc-tion. To undertake this assessment, process models, based on two production pathways were designed, modelled and simulated in ASPEN plus® software. The two competing production pathways investigated include a process incorporating WAP conversion to lactic acid (LA), prior to LA dehydration to generate AA (denoted as the FD pathway) and another process involving WAP conversion to propylene, prior to propylene oxidation to generate AA (denoted as the TFO pathway). Economic and environmental performances of the FD and TFO pathways were assessed via the minimum selling price (MSP) and potential environmental impacts per h (PEI/h) metrics. The study was able to show that the FD pathway presented an improved economic performance (MSP of AA: US $1.17 per kg) performance compared to the economic performance (MSP of AA: US $1.56 per kg) of the TFO pathway. Crucially, the TFO process was shown to present an improved environmental performance (2.07 kPEI/h) compared to the environmental performance of the FD process (8.72 kPEI/h). These observations sug-gests that the selection of the preferred AA production will require a trade-off between the performance measures, and the integration of a multi-criteria decision assessment in future work.
High-Throughput Predictions of Metal–Organic Framework Electronic Properties: Theoretical Challenges, Graph Neural Networks, and Data Exploration
Authors: Rosen Andrew S. , Fung Victor , Huck Patrick , O'Donnell Cody T. , Horton Matthew K. , Truhlar Donald G. , Persson Kristin A. , Notestein Justin M. , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: December 2021

With the goal of accelerating the design and discovery of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for (opto)electronic and energy storage applications, we present a new dataset of predicted electronic structure properties for thousands of MOFs carried out using multiple density functional approximations. Compared to more accurate hybrid functionals, we find that the widely used PBE generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional severely underpredicts MOF band gaps in a largely systematic manner for semi-conductors and insulators without magnetic character. However, an even larger and less predictable disparity in the band gap prediction is present for MOFs with open-shell 3d transition metal cations. With regards to partial atomic charges, we find that different density functional approximations predict similar charges overall, although hybrid functionals tend to shift electron density away from the metal centers and onto the ligand environments compared to the GGA point of reference. Much more significant differences in partial atomic charges are observed when comparing different charge partitioning schemes. We conclude by using the new dataset of computed MOF properties to train machine learning models that can rapidly predict MOF band gaps for all four density functional approximations considered in this work, paving the way for future high-throughput screening studies. To encourage exploration and reuse of the theoretical calculations presented in this work, the curated data is made publicly available via an interactive and user-friendly web application on the Materials Project.
In vitro/ In vivo Electrochemical Detection of Pt(II) Species
Authors: Vaneev Alexander , Gorelkin Petr , Krasnovskaya Olga , Akasov Roman , Spector Daniil , Lopatukhina Elena , Timoshenko Roman , Garanina Anastasia , Zhang Yanjun , Salikhov Sergey , Edwards Christopher , Klyachko Natalia , Takahashi Yasufumi , Majouga Alexander , Korchev Yuri , Erofeev Alexander
Published: December 2021

The biodistribution of chemotherapy compounds within tumor tissue is one of the main challenges in the development of antineoplastic drugs, and novel techniques for simple, non-expensive, sensitive, and selective detection of various analytes in tumors are of great importance. In this paper we propose the use of platinized carbon nanoelectrodes (PtNE) for electrochemical detection of platinum-based drugs in various biological models, including single cells and tumor spheroids in vitro, and inside solid tumors in vivo. We have demonstrated quantitative direct detection of Pt(II) in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells treated with cisplatin and cisplatin-based DNP prodrug. To realize the potential of this technique in advanced tumor models, we measured Pt(II) in 3D tumor spheroids in vitro and tumor-bearing mice in vivo. The concentration gradient of Pt (II) species correlated with the distance from the sample surface in MCF-7 tumor spheroids. We then performed detection of Pt(II) species in tumor-bearing mice treated intravenously with cisplatin and DNP. We found that there was deeper penetration of DNP in comparison to cisplatin. This research demonstrates a novel minimally invasive, real-time electrochemical technique for the study of platinum-based drugs.
Capture of activated dioxygen intermediates at the copper-active site of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Schröder Gabriela C. , O'Dell William B. , Webb Simon P. , Agarwal Pratul K. , Meilleur Flora
Published: December 2021

Metalloproteins perform a diverse array of redox-related reactions facilitated by the increased chemical functionality afforded by their metallocofactors. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are a class of copper-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of recalcitrant polysaccharides via oxidative cleavage at the glycosidic bond. The activated copper-oxygen intermediates and their mechanism of formation remains to be established. Neutron protein crystallography which permits direct visualization of protonation states was used to investigate the initial steps of oxygen activation directly following active site copper reduction in Neurospora crassa LPMO9D. Herein, we cryo-trap an activated dioxygen intermediate in a mixture of superoxo and hydroperoxo states, and we identify the conserved second coordination shell residue His157 as the proton donor. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that both active site states are stable. The hydroperoxo formed is potentially an intermediate in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide formation in the absence of substrate. We establish that the N-terminal amino group of the copper coordinating His1 remains doubly protonated directly following molecular oxygen reduction by copper. Aided by mining minima free energy calculations we establish His157 conformational flexibility in solution that is abolished by steric hindrance in the crystal. A neutron crystal structure of NcLPMO9D at low pH supports occlusion of the active site which prevents protonation of His157 at acidic conditions.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 27: Typifications in the yam family (Dioscoreaceae) and the resurrection of Dioscorea tenuifolia
Authors: Phang A.
Published: December 2021

Nomenclatural notes on several native species of Dioscoreaceae from Singapore are presented here. Twenty-three names, including nineteen synonyms, are typified. Dioscorea tenuifolia Ridl. is resurrected to the rank of species from a variety.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 is a regulator of the cardiac side population in mice
Authors: Della Verde Giacomo , Mochizuki Michika , Lorenz Vera , Roux Julien , Xu Lifen , Ramin-Wright Leandra , Pfister Otmar , Kuster Gabriela M
Published: December 2021

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cells and a target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Flt3-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors can have cardiovascular side effects. Flt3 and its ligand (Flt3L) are expressed in the heart, but little is known about their physiological functions. Here, we show that cardiac side population progenitor cells (SP-CPCs) from mice produce and are responsive to Flt3L. Compared with wild-type, flt3L−/− mice have less SP-CPCs with less contribution of CD45−CD34+ cells and lower expression of genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cardiovascular development and stem cell differentiation. Upon culturing, flt3L−/− SP-CPCs show increased proliferation and less vasculogenic commitment, whereas Akt phosphorylation is lower. Notably, proliferation and differentiation can be partially restored towards wild-type levels in the presence of alternative receptor tyrosine kinase-activating growth factors signaling through Akt. The lower vasculogenic potential of flt3L−/− SP-CPCs reflects in decreased microvascularisation and lower systolic function of flt3L−/− hearts. Thus, Flt3 regulates phenotype and function of murine SP-CPCs and contributes to cellular and molecular properties that are relevant for their cardiovasculogenic potential.
Optimasi Penggunaan Faktor Eksposi Pemeriksaan Ossa Manus dengan Kualitas Citra Objektif dan Subjektif
Authors: Irsal Muhammad , Alfajri Muhammad Rival , Ananta Vincentius Deva , Anwar Khairil , Sriyatun Sriyatun
Published: December 2021

In producing a good radiographic image, an optimization method is needed. This study was conducted to seek optimization of the radiographic examination of the manus ossa with objective and subjective image quality analysis. The research method is quantitative experimental, using a variety of exposure factors: 40kV 4 mAs, 40kV 10 mAs, 46 kV 5 mAs, 53 kV 2,5 mAs, 61kV 1,25 mAs. Then an objective quality analysis is carried out by measuring the pixels value, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and the Exposure Index (EI) value as an indicator of exposure. For subjective image analysis with the assessment of image anatomy criteria using the method Visual Grading Analysis (VGA), then the test was carried out Wilcoxon to determine the relationship of respondents to VGA assessment. The results of the study obtained that the optimization method of the examination manus ossa at the exposure factor of 46 kV 5 mAs with the results of an objective image quality analysis of the range of pixel valueÂ  183,7 - 3, the SNR range of 12,2-1,77 while the subjective image quality analysis of the results VGA all images on a variety of exposure factors can be used in establishing a diagnosis. For the exposure indicator with the lowest EI at an exposure factor of 46 kV 5 mAs. The results of the Wilcoxon p-value>0,05 so that there was no difference in the VGA value by 2 radiographers, therefore all image results on variations in exposure factors could be used in the radiographic examination of the ossa manus.
Pengaruh Cahaya Light Emiting Diode (LED) di Malam Hari terhadap Kortisol Serum dan Parameter Hematologi pada Tikus Wistar Jantan
Authors: Arief Nila Ardilla , Arsyad Aryadi , Idris Irfan
Published: December 2021

This modern era has changed the pattern of how humans do their daily activities in 24 hours. The pattern change includes time-shifting, most human activities now are performed at night. The consequences of the changes in human activities pattern and the increase of artificial lighting use in the night were assumed unhealthy, but how the mechanism worked was not identified yet. This was an experimental study conducted on male Wistar rats aged 12-16 weeks which were divided into 4 categories: 1 intervention group exposed for 15 days, 1 intervention group exposed for 30 days, and 2 control groups for each time exposure, light intensity 1200lux. At the end of exposures, the blood samples were taken from rats that had been anesthetized before by using ether. Then blood samples were taken to analyze their cortisol levels usingÂ the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayÂ (ELISA) method and the hematology was examined through autoanalyzer Abaxis. The data were analyzed using an independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test and considered significant if p-value<0,05. Overall, the cortisol and hematology levels indicated, especially Red Blood Cell (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and neutrophil specifically for the group which had been exposed by LED lighting for 30 days.Â
Hubungan antara Asupan Gizi dengan Status Gizi Remaja Putri
Authors: Hartaningrum Putu Intan , Sutiari Ni Ketut , Dwijayanti Lina Anggaraeni
Published: December 2021

Three burdens of malnutrition, namely undernutrition, overnutrition, and lack of macronutrients are problems faced by adolescents in Indonesia. Nutritional problems related to development and growth are often experienced by adolescents because the adolescent's body requires more energy and nutrients than children. Previous studies on nutritional intake and nutritional status in adolescents reported inconsistent results. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional intake and nutritional status in adolescent girls in Buleleng Bali. This study uses a cross-sectional analytic observational design conducted in two high schools in Buleleng Regency with 163 respondents. The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire, 2x24 hour food recall, weight measurement with a weight scale, height measurement with a mechanical meter, and the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software to calculate the body mass index by age (z-score). Spearman correlation test was performed for bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that the variables of fat intake (p-value=<0,001) and total energy intake (p-value=0,008) showed a significant correlation with the z-score. In multivariate analysis, the variable that showed a significant relationship with the z-score was fat intake (Î²=0,023, 95%CI=0,013-0,033, p-value=<0,001). Nutritional intake that has a significant relationship with nutritional status in adolescent girls in Buleleng Regency is fat intake. Limitation of fat consumption needs to be done.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit dengan Metode Lahan Basah Buatan (Constructed Wetland) dan Tanaman Air Typha latifolia
Authors: Hasan Amrul , Suprapti Suryani Catur
Published: December 2021

Utilization of the aquatic plant Typha latifolia, in the treatment of hospital wastewater with the method of an artificial wetland system (constructed wetland), is expected to be able to treat the liquid waste of health care facilities. This study aims to determine the ability of the aquatic plant Typha latifolia in degrading the parameters contained in the wastewater of health facilities using the Artificial Wetland Method. Quasi-experimental research design. The measurement of liquid waste parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, Fatty Oil, and Ammonia) is carried out by taking samples at the inlet and outlet of each pot, then analyzed in the laboratory. The study reported an average influent BOD level of 66.2mg/L, an average effluent in a circular cross-sectional pot increased by 99.6mg/L, an influent COD level of 190.8mg/L, an effluent in a rectangular pot four decreased by an average of 31.6mg/L, the influent TSS parameter was 106mg/L, the average effluent in a circular cross-sectional pot was 283.6mg/L, the influent Oil & Fat parameter averaged 1.2mg/L, average effluent 1.2mg/L, ammonia influent parameter 12mg/L, effluent 2.62mg/L. The rectangular cross-section has a good ability compared to other cross-sections in reducing hospital waste, namely; BOD=64%, COD=40%, TSS=48%, Ammonia=67%, Oil and Fat parameters did not decrease because the influent parameter levels were already below the Liquid Waste quality standard. The researcher concluded that the rectangular cross-sectional pot planted with Typha latifolia could reduce the wastewater parameters better than other cross-sectional types.Â
Perbandingan Profil Lipid dan Penanda Inflamasi pada Pria Obesitas dan Non-Obesitas
Authors: Dinutanayo Wimba Widagdho , Akhriyani Mayesti
Published: December 2021

Obesity is a global health problem suffered by people around the world, including Indonesian. Adipose tissue dysfunction and fat distribution are affecting the incidence of obesity-related diseases. The study aimed to compare the levels of lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) and inflammatory markers (ESR and leukocyte count) between groups with normal nutritional status and obesity. Data were collected using a cross-sectional study with 14 young adult men for the normal nutritional status group with a BMI of 18,5-24,99kg/m2 and 14 young adult men for the obese group with a BMI Â³25 kg/m2 in August-December 2019. The respondents aged 18-35 years were measured body composition and tested for levels of lipid profiles and inflammatory markers. The results of statistical tests with independent t-test showed no difference in the number of leukocytes (p-value=0.08) but there was a significant difference in ESR (25,1Â±14,1 vs 47,2Â±23,7,p-value=0,006), total cholesterol (126,6Â±26,4 vs 175,5Â±32,0, p-value=0,001), triglycerides (113,3Â±38,3 vs 161,5Â±46,9,p=0,006) and LDL (53Â±18,4 vs 95Â±27,3, p-value=0,001). This study concludes that there are significant differences in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and ESR between groups of individuals with normal nutritional status and obesity.
The Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau as Parts of the Realm of New Zealand
Authors: Quentin-Baxter Alison
Published: December 2021

The focus of This Realm of New Zealand by Alison Quentin-Baxter and Janet McLean was on the constitutional monarchy and its relationship with the laws of mainland New Zealand. This article complements This Realm of New Zealand by focusing on the constitutional monarchy and its relationship with other countries of the Realm of New Zealand – the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau.
Syria: A place beyond displacement
Authors:   , Henriquez Erices Joeffry
Published: December 2021

In a state of emergency with multiple transitions and disorientation disasters, wars and political conflicts have resulted in a humanitarian crisis and the displacement of more than 11 million people in the Syrian Arab Republic, transforming their homes, livelihoods, and lives of individuals (UNESCO). The reality of these issues has seen the fields of architecture and preservation become a catalyst for representing these events, documenting and recording the importance of fear that, one day, such historic places may no longer exist. This thesis argues for a more subjective representation of these circumstances through abstracted narrative and allegorical architectural form by testing a reality-based displacement.

 This design-led research investigation argues that the fields of architecture and preservation can contribute to a tailored experiential story of war-torn heritage sites by managing, manipulating, and renewing the build conditions, to sustain a place and its cultural identity. Over the last few decades, technological advancements have transformed how the world sees a conflict. This investigation applies Al Sanobi’s novel The Battle of Homs as a literacy provocateur; the research investigates and translates how architecture can play a fundamental role in conveying critical underlying ideas and how architecture and preservation can become more of a speculative exploration by asserting more active roles in present-day struggles. Using Aleppo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, as the area of study, this thesis undertakes a speculative position reimagining the historic fabric of the city as a malleable asset for survival and outlining the escalated journey of displaced refugees and their relationship to identity and place of site.

 As a design-led research thesis, the research focuses on the design exploration of post-conflict preparations. This alternative narrative reconsiders design thinking as a tool for intervention, mutual collaborations, tactics, and policies that can be more actively employed during times of conflict, safeguarding the site’s historical narrative while envisioning a more pragmatic solution for a reality affected by the war.
The New Zealand 'normal school'
Authors:   , Neuberg Klaus
Published: December 2021

The term 'Normal School' as currently used in New Zealand and as used
in this thesis refers to the school attached to a Teachers' Training
College. In many countries the term refers to the Training College
itself: as it did also in New Zealand until early this century.

The term Normal School comes from the German 'Normalschule', which was
the name given to the school attached to a teachers' seminary. In some
parts of Germany the terms 'Musterschule' and 'Uebungs-schule' later
came into use, but in Austria, even today, the primary school attached
to a 'Lehrerbildungsanstalt' or Training College is known as
'Normalschule'. The German teacher training institutions, particularly
those in Pruasia, served as a model to other countries. But in the 19th
century the Prussian influence came via France. A Frenchman, Victor
Cousin, had made a detailed survey of 'The State of Public Education in
Prussia', and the translation of his report in 1834 greatly influenced
teacher training in England and the United States. Cousin, however, used
the word 'Ecole Normale' to refer to the German seminary. He had in
mind the name given to the short-lived teacher training institution
established by the Convention in 1794. That too owed its existence to
German influence. But for some reason or other the French applied the
German term 'Normalschule' to the Training College itself. One possible
explanation is that while there were few students in training , the
'Seminar' and the 'Normalschule' were sometimes combined in one and the
same institution which went under the name of ' Normalschule '.

The current use of the term ' Normal School ' in New Zealand is
therefore not as much out of place as is often supposed
An inquiry into methods of initiating a teachers' training college course in education
Authors:   , Chapman-Taylor Ray
Published: December 2021

PEOPLE who have themselves suffered from a particular disease are, not infrequently, sufficiently interested in the problem presented by the disease to study it and try to eliminate it. In other directions the same sort of thing may happen. This thesis provides a case in point, for when I was myself at Training College I felt that the work we did in Education, Psychology, and Method, was not adequate. It aroused in students little enthusiasm, gave them little light in their professional task, and left them without direction or purpose. Our course was severely practical on the one side and remotely theoretical on the other.
Two years after leaving Training College, when writing to one of my lecturers, I suggested that we should have discussed the general purpose of education before we began to study teaching method in any subject, and that as we began to study the teaching of each subject we should consider the particular contributions made by that subject to the general purpose of education. I still incline to that opinion.
An investigation into children's creative work in clay modelling and in carving in soft stone
Authors:   , Campbell Donald R.
Published: December 2021

A tentative enquiry into the nature of problems associated with the teaching of clay modelling and carving in soft stone to Primary School children.
Or an investigation into children's creative work in clay modelling and in carving in soft stone.
May we first of all consider the meanings of the terms used in the title.
This enquiry has been stated as a tentative one because the level of our knowledge and understanding of this aspect of education is continuously changing both in scale, depth and magnitude. The work being attempted is altering too in the light of classroom experience in this country and overseas practices and procedures. Hence all knowledge possessed at the time of writing may need considerable modification in the future.
The post-primary education of non-academic boys
Authors:   , Wallace H. L.
Published: December 2021

This thesis is an attempt to examine what is probably the greatest single problem in New Zealand education; the problem of the non-academic child in the New Zealand post-primary school. It is an urgent problem, on the solution of which depends the welfare of a large section of our post-primary population. Our post-primary schools have gradually ceased to be selective and must now cater for an adolescent age group which omits only the most mentally defective and the most physically handicapped. This movement towards "secondary education for all" received fresh impetus in 1944 when the minimum school leaving age was raised to fifteen years. During the last eight years, post-primary schools have been faced with an increasing number of new entrants of a wide range of intelligence and .ability. Among these are found pupils who, under an earlier education system, would never have entered the door of a secondary school. The requirements of the Proficiency examination would have eliminated some, economic factors would have debarred others. Many would have found in a job the success and satisfaction which they had never achieved in a school. Now, as a result of educational and economic changes, these pupils are legally compelled to remain at school until they reach the age of fifteen years. The practice of social promotion in the primary school has resulted in most of these adolescents entering a post-primary school at thirteen, fourteen or fifteen years of age. These are the pupils wbo have been commonly labelled "non-academic".