bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of processing InSAR Sentinel-1A/B data for correlation of mining subsidence with mining induced tremors in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)
Authors: Krawczyk Artur , Grzybek Radosław
Published: January 2018

The Satellite Radar Interferometry is one of the common methods that allow to measure the land subsidence caused by the underground black coal excavation. The interferometry images processed from the repeat-pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems give the spatial image of the terrain subjected to the surface subsidence over mining areas. Until now, the InSAR methods using data from the SAR Systems like ERS-1/ERS-2 and Envisat-1 were limited to a repeat-pass cycle of 35-day only. Recently, the ESA launched Sentinel-1A and 1B, and together they can provide the InSAR coverage in a 6-day repeat cycle. The studied area was the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, where the underground coal mining causes continuous subsidence of terrain surface and mining tremors (mine-induced seismicity). The main problem was with overlapping the subsidence caused by the mining exploitation with the epicentre tremors. Based on the Sentinel SAR images, research was done in regard to the correlation between the short term ground subsidence range border and the mine-induced seismicity epicentres localisation.
As- built inventory of the office building with the use of terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Przyborski Marek , Tysiąc Paweł
Published: January 2018

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is an efficient tool for building inventories. Based on the red- laser beam technology it is possible to provide the high accuracy data with complete spatial information about a scanned object. In this article, authors present the solution of use a TLS in as-built inventory of the office building. Based on the provided data, it is possible to evaluate the correctness of built details of a building and provide information for further construction works, for example an area needed for Styrofoam installation. The biggest problem in this research is that an error which equals over 1cm could generate costs, which could be a problem to cover by a constructor. Based on a complicated place of the construction works (centre of a city) it was a challenge to maintain the accuracy.
Multilateral cooperation for power interconnection in Northeast Asia
Authors: Chudinova Lyudmila , Podkovalnikov Sergei , Trofimov Ivan
Published: January 2018

Considered is experience of electric power integration in different parts of the world with emphasis on bilateral/multilateral interstate structures intended for promotion and development of interstate power grids. Analysed are Northeast Asian intergovernmental structures providing bilateral energy and power cooperation between Russia and other countries of the region. Multilateral cooperation in the field is just emerging, but should play a key role in promotion and development of Northeast Asian power grid.
Mongolia’s potential in international cooperation in the Asian energy space
Authors: Batmunkh Sereeter , Stennikov Valery , Bat-Erdene Bayar , Erdenebaatar Altay
Published: January 2018

The paper is concerned with the issues of interstate electric power interconnections to be created in the countries of Northeast Asia. The conditions are formulated, the problems are stated, and solutions for Mongolia’s entry into the Asian energy space are proposed. The electricity consumption rates are growing, however, the Northeast Asia countries differ considerably in available energy resources to cope with this growth. Therefore, the need to build international electric power interconnections that take into account climatic features, seasonal peak load differences and other factors in order to rationally match power demand and supply is getting increasingly more obvious. Mongolia can take an active part in this process, as the country is rich in energy resources and interested in their development to meet their domestic needs and exchange with neighboring countries. The establishment of interstate power interconnections in the Northeast Asia countries represents a topical task whose solution will make it possible to meet the demand of this region for electricity on mutually beneficial terms. Mongolia has a good spatial position, energy resources and is interested in ensuring domestic energy balance. Therefore, the country can be an active participant in such an integration process.
Data processing and optimization system to study prospective interstate power interconnections
Authors: Podkovalnikov Sergei , Trofimov Ivan , Trofimov Leonid
Published: January 2018

The paper presents Data processing and optimization system for studying and making rational decisions on the formation of interstate electric power interconnections, with aim to increasing effectiveness of their functioning and expansion. The technologies for building and integrating a Data processing and optimization system including an object-oriented database and a predictive mathematical model for optimizing the expansion of electric power systems ORIRES, are described. The technology of collection and pre-processing of non-structured data collected from various sources and its loading to the object-oriented database, as well as processing and presentation of information in the GIS system are described. One of the approaches of graphical visualization of the results of optimization model is considered on the example of calculating the option for expansion of the South Korean electric power grid.
Coal resources of the eastern regions of Russia for power plants of the Asian super ring
Authors: Sokolov Aleksander , Takaishvili Liudmila
Published: January 2018

The eastern regions of Russia have a substantial potential for expansion of steaming coal production. The majority of coal deposits in the eastern regions are located close enough to the objects of the Asian super ring. The large coal reserves make it possible to consider it as a reliable fuel source for power plants for a long-term horizon. The coal reserves suitable for using at power plants of the Asian super ring are estimated in the paper by subject of the federation of the eastern regions for operating and new coal producers. The coal deposits of the eastern regions that are promising for the construction of power plants of the Asian super ring are presented. The paper describes both the coal deposits of the eastern regions that are considered in the projects for power plant construction and included in the program documents and the coal deposits that are not included in the program documents. The coal reserves of these deposits and the possible volumes of its production are estimated. The key qualitative coal characteristics of the deposits: heating value, and ash, sulfur, moisture content are presented. The mining-geological and hydrological conditions for deposit development are briefly characterized. The coals of the eastern regions are showed to contain valuable accompanying elements. It is noted that the creation of industrial clusters on the basis of the coal deposits is the most effective from the standpoints of the economy and ecology. The favorable and restraining factors in development of the described coal deposits are estimated.
Comparative efficiency of technologies for conversion and transportation of energy resources of Russia’s eastern regions to NEA countries
Authors: Kler Aleksandr , Tyurina Elina , Mednikov Aleksandr
Published: January 2018

The paper presents perspective technologies for combined conversion of fossil fuels into synthetic liquid fuels and electricity. The comparative efficiency of various process flows of conversion and transportation of energy resources of Russia's east that are aimed at supplying electricity to remote consumers is presented. These also include process flows based on production of synthetic liquid fuel.
Discrete symmetries with neutral mesons
Authors: Bernabéu José
Published: January 2018

Symmetries, and Symmetry Breakings, in the Laws of Physics play a crucial role in Fundamental Science. Parity and Charge Conjugation Violations prompted the consideration of Chiral Fields in the construction of the Standard Model, whereas CP-Violation needed at least three families of Quarks leading to Flavour Physics. In this Lecture I discuss the Conceptual Basis and the present experimental results for a Direct Evidence of Separate Reversal-in-Time T, CP and CPT Genuine Asymmetries in Decaying Particles like Neutral Meson Transitions, using Quantum Entanglement and the Decay as a Filtering Measurement. The eight transitions associated to the Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products of entangled neutral mesons have demonstrated with impressive significance a separate evidence of TRV and CPV in Bd-physics, whereas a CPTV asymmetry shows a 2σ effect interpreted as an upper limit. Novel CPTV observables are discussed for K physics at KLOE-2, including the difference between the semileptonic asymmetries from KL and KS, the ratios of double decay rate Intensities to Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products and the ω-effect. Their observation would lead to a change of paradigm beyond Quantum Field Theory, however there is nothing in Quantum Mechanics forbidding CPTV.
Overview of KLOE results on kaon physics and KLOE–2 perspectives
Authors: Czerwiński Eryk
Published: January 2018

Kaon physics program of KLOE is being continued at the upgraded KLOE-2 system, therefore an overview of KLOE results in this field is shortly presented together with prospects for KLOE-2.
Kaon decays at KLOE-2
Authors: D’Ambrosio Giancarlo
Published: January 2018

I review kaon decays. I introduce the flavor problem and possible solutions. Very rare kaon decays like [see formula in PDF] are very important to this purpose: we study also [see formula in PDF] where chiral dynamics is important to disentangle short distance effects. We have also studied lepton flavor (universality) violation in rare kaon decays and the Bardeen Buras Gerard approach to describe the [see formula in PDF] form factor.
KLOE Results on Hadron Physics and Perspectives for KLOE-2
Authors: Giovannella Simona
Published: January 2018

Recent results obtained with KLOE data on light meson decays, together with perspectives for the current KLOE-2 run, are reviewed.
Dispersion relations for hadronic light-by-light scattering and the muon g – 2
Authors: Procura Massimiliano , Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin , Stoffer Peter
Published: January 2018

The largest uncertainties in the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g – 2)μ come from hadronic effects, and in a few years the subleading hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) contribution might dominate the theory error. We present a dispersive description of the HLbL tensor, which is based on unitarity, analyticity, crossing symmetry, and gauge invariance. This opens up the possibility of a data-driven determination of the HLbL contribution to (g – 2)μ with the aim of reducing model dependence and achieving a reliable error estimate.

Our dispersive approach defines unambiguously the pion-pole and the pion-box contribution to the HLbL tensor. Using Mandelstam double-spectral representation, we have proven that the pion-box contribution coincides exactly with the one-loop scalar-QED amplitude, multiplied by the appropriate pion vector form factors. Using dispersive fits to high-statistics data for the pion vector form factor, we obtain [see formula in PDF]. A first model-independent calculation of effects of ππ intermediate states that go beyond the scalar-QED pion loop is also presented. We combine our dispersive description of the HLbL tensor with a partial-wave expansion and demonstrate that the known scalar-QED result is recovered after partial-wave resummation. After constructing suitable input for the γ*γ* → ππ helicity partial waves based on a pion-pole left-hand cut (LHC), we find that for the dominant charged-pion contribution this representation is consistent with the two-loop chiral prediction and the COMPASS measurement for the pion polarizability. This allows us to reliably estimate S-wave rescattering effects to the full pion box and leads to [see formula in PDF].
Review of e+e− → π+π−η
Authors: Shekhovtsova Olga
Published: January 2018

In this talk we review the current experimental status of electron-positron annihilation into π+π-η as well as the theoretical models to describe the data. Application of the CVC hypothesis to get the τ- decay to π-π0η branching fraction is discussed and its values from the different experiments is listed.
The γγ Physics Program at BESIII
Authors: Redmer C.F.
Published: January 2018

A key motivation for the two-photon physics program of the BESIII collaboration is the need of high precision data on electromagnetic transition form factors as input to the calculations of the contribution of hadronic Light-by-light scattering to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The data collected with the BESIII detector allow to study the momentum dependence of the form factors at small momentum transfers, which is of special relevance for αμ. In this presentation the ongoing measurements of the transition form factors of π0,η and η' mesons, as well as pion pairs, are discussed, and the potential for first double-tagged measurements at BESIII are pointed out.
A proposal to measure the hadronic contribution to the g-2 in the space-like region
Authors: Trentadue Luca
Published: January 2018

We propose a novel approach to determine the leading hadronic corrections to the muon g-2. It consists in a measurement of the effective electromagnetic coupling in the space-like region. This method may become feasible at flavor factories as well as with μ e scattering resulting in a determination potentially competitive with the dispersive approach via time-like data.
Antithrombotic Treatment after Transcatheter Heart Valves Implant
Authors: Sorrentino Sabato , Giustino Gennaro , Moalem Kamilia , Indolfi Ciro , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George
Published: January 2018

Transcatheter heart valve replacement technology was introduced as alternative to surgery for the growing high-risk profile population. Developed first, aortic valve replacement (TAVR) became a standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high operative risk, with a potential future use also for low-risk subjects. In the last decade, a multitude of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) devices have been developed for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation, with encouraging results coming from first-in-man and feasibility studies. As for biological surgical-type valves, transcatheter implanted valves still preserve the risk of thrombosis and embolic events and anticoagulation- or antiplatelet-based strategies are the most widely used options. Unfortunately, these last remain recommended on the basis of empirical or not widely validated evidence. Therefore, given the exponential rise of TAVR and TMVR procedures, it is important to identify the optimal antithrombotic strategies that best fit the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events. Hereafter, this review evaluates the current guidelines, trials, and observational data discussing antithrombotic strategy after transcatheter aortic or mitral valve replacement.
Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Skull Base in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Wilson Meghan , Snyderman Carl
Published: January 2018

Fibro-osseous lesions of the skull base include a variety of lesions with different biologic behavior. The most common lesions include fibrous dysplasia, osteoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and juvenile ossifying fibroma. The diagnosis can usually be established with radiographic imaging. In the absence of symptoms, slow-growing lesions can often be observed. When surgery is indicated for relief of symptoms, endoscopic endonasal techniques are well suited for all age groups.
Image Processing and Analysis of Mucosal Calretinin Staining to Define the Transition Zone in Hirschsprung Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Najjar Saleh , Ahn Sangtae , Kasago Israel , Zuo Chunlai , Umrau Kavita , Ainechi Sanaz , Whyte Christine , Sheehan Christine , Homan Suzanne , Lee Hwajeong
Published: January 2018

Purpose Quantification of calretinin-stained mucosal nerve fibers by image processing and analysis (IPA) may objectively define the transition zone (TZ) of Hirschsprung disease (HD). We tested the utility of IPA as an adjunctive tool in HD.

Materials and Methods Calretinin immunostain was performed on 15 HD pull-through specimens, and multiple images were captured from the proximal aganglionic zone, TZ, and probable normal zone (NZ). Pixel count (PC), defined as the percentage of brown-stained pixels in the mucosa, was quantified and plotted against distance from the rectal distal end. To validate the method, PCs from 45 images were compared with three-tiered visual scoring by five pathologists. Results were correlated against pertinent variables, which were retrieved from the clinical record.

Results The PC gradually increased in the TZ toward the proximal resection margin in 10/13 (77%) cases. The PC variation in the probable NZ and around the circumference was substantial by the coefficient of variation. The mean PC of images with a visual score of 1 was less than scores of 2 and 3 by all five (100%) pathologists (p < 0.01). One patient had possible TZ pull-through that was clinically confirmed.

Conclusion While the mucosal calretinin staining gradually increases in the TZ, for now, the boundaries of the TZ cannot be accurately defined by mucosal biopsies given the substantial variation of staining around the circumference at the same distance and in the NZ. However, the IPA technique does provide a continuous variable and warrants further utility in HD studies.
Georg Supp als Physiotherapeut in Teheran – „Man sollte seine eigenen Vorbehalte hinterfragen“
Authors: Bonno Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Vorurteilsschwanger reiste Georg Supp in den Iran, um McKenzie-Kurse zu geben. Recht schnell warf er seine Bedenken über Bord und war von den Menschen dort begeistert.
Wieder auf die Beine kommen
Authors: Kluger Daniel
Published: January 2018

Umsetzung des Expertenstandards Für Patienten auf der Intensivstation hängt der Verlauf ihrer Genesung auch davon ab, wie schnell sie
wieder in Bewegung kommen. Sobald es möglich ist, sollte mit der Frühmobilisierung begonnen werden. Das fordert auch der Expertenstandard,
der in Teilen auf der Station des Autors auch schon durchgeführt wird.
Gluttony and guilt: monthly trends in internet search query data are comparable with national-level energy intake and dieting behavior
Authors: Coogan Sean , Sui Zhixian , Raubenheimer David
Published: January 2018

Systems for monitoring population-level diet and nutritional intake have been considered insufficient across many countries. Recently, internet search query data have been used to examine spatial and temporal patterns of public behavior to inform public-health campaigns, policies, and interventions. Seasonal trends in public interest in behavioral change associated with obesity have been documented using such data. However, it has not been validated whether search query data can be related to diet and nutritional intake at the population level. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether trends in search query data related to behavioral changes associated with obesity reflects population nutritional intake and dieting behavior. First, long-term (2004 to 2016) trends in Australian Google search behavior were examined for the terms “weight loss”, “diet”, and “fitness” to establish monthly patterns in relative search volume (RSV). Second, monthly total energy (kJ), macronutrient, and food intake of the Australian population, and the percentage of self-reported dieters, were quantified using data collected as part of a 2011–2012 national-level survey. The two independent data sets were then compared to ascertain similarities in trends. There were distinct patterns in RSV across months, which was significantly higher than the mean during January, and lower during December, for all search terms. The decline in RSV was not linear, however, as there were significantly lower RSVs for terms during May to July, and significantly higher from August to October. Likewise, nutritional data showed a seasonal pattern, with the energy intake of survey participants highest in December and lowest in February, and the percentage of self-reported dieters closely followed monthly patterns in RSV. The proportion of energy from protein was consistent across months examined; however, energy from lipid and carbohydrate + fiber, was variable between months. Likewise, consumption patterns of different food groups was variable across months. Our analysis suggests that search query data can be used to surveil and predict dietary behavior at the population level, which has implications for producing novel and contemporaneous health information and marketing strategies.
Effects of finite electron temperature on gradient drift instabilities in partially magnetized plasmas
Authors: Lakhin V. P. , Ilgisonis V. I. , Smolyakov A. I. , Sorokina E. A. , Marusov N. A.
Published: January 2018

The gradient-drift instabilities of partially magnetized plasmas in plasma devices with crossed electric and magnetic fields are investigated in the framework of the two-fluid model with finite electron temperature in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The finite electron Larmor radius (FLR) effects are also included via the gyroviscosity tensor taking into account the magnetic field gradient. This model correctly describes the electron dynamics for k⊥ρe>1 in the sense of Padé approximants (here, k⊥ and ρe are the wavenumber perpendicular to the magnetic field and the electron Larmor radius, respectively). The local dispersion relation for electrostatic plasma perturbations with the frequency in the range between the ion and electron cyclotron frequencies and propagating strictly perpendicular to the magnetic field is derived. The dispersion relation includes the effects of the equilibrium E×B electron current, finite ion velocity, electron inertia, electron FLR, magnetic field gradients, and Debye length effects. The necessary and sufficient condition of stability is derived, and the stability boundary is found. It is shown that, in general, the electron inertia and FLR effects stabilize the short-wavelength perturbations. In some cases, such effects completely suppress the high-frequency short-wavelength modes so that only the long-wavelength low-frequency (with respect to the lower-hybrid frequency) modes remain unstable.
Marginal stability, characteristic frequencies, and growth rates of gradient drift modes in partially magnetized plasmas with finite electron temperature
Authors: Lakhin V. P. , Ilgisonis V. I. , Smolyakov A. I. , Sorokina E. A. , Marusov N. A.
Published: January 2018

The detailed analysis of stability of azimuthal oscillations in partially magnetized plasmas with crossed electric and magnetic fields is presented. The instabilities are driven by the transverse electron current which, in general, is due to a combination of E×B and electron diamagnetic drifts. Marginal stability boundary is determined for a wide range of the equilibrium plasma parameters. It is shown that in some regimes near the instability threshold, only the low-frequency long-wavelength oscillations are unstable, while the short-wavelength high-frequency modes are stabilized by the finite Larmor radius effects. Without such stabilization, the high-frequency modes have much larger growth rates and dominate. A new regime of the instability driven exclusively by the magnetic field gradient is identified. Such instability takes place in the region of the weak electric field and for relatively large gradients of plasma density (ρs/ln>1, where ρs is the ion-sound Larmor radius and ln is the scale length of plasma density inhomogeneity).
Synchronization of electrically coupled micromechanical oscillators with a frequency ratio of 3:1
Authors: Pu Dong , Wei Xueyong , Xu Liu , Jiang Zhuangde , Huan Ronghua
Published: January 2018

In this Letter, synchronization of micromechanical oscillators with a frequency ratio of 3:1 is reported. Two electrically coupled piezoresistive micromechanical oscillators are built for the study, and their oscillation frequencies are tuned via the Joule heating effect to find out the synchronization region. Experimental results show that the larger coupling strength or bias driving voltage is applied and a wider synchronization region is obtained. Interestingly, however, the oscillator's frequency tunability is dramatically reduced from –809.1 Hz/V to –23.1 Hz/V when synchronization is reached. A nearly 10-fold improvement of frequency stability at 1 s is observed from one of the synchronized oscillators, showing a comparable performance of the other. The stable high order synchronization of micromechanical oscillators is helpful to design high performance resonant sensors with a better frequency resolution and a larger scale factor.
Hydration of urea and alkylated urea derivatives
Authors: Kaatze Udo
Published: January 2018

Compressibility data and broadband dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of urea and some of its alkylated derivatives have been evaluated to yield their numbers Nh of hydration water molecules per molecule of solute. Nh values in a broad range of solute concentrations are discussed and are compared to hydration numbers of other relevant molecules and organic ions. Consistent with previous results, it is found that urea differs from other solutes in its unusually small hydration number, corresponding to just one third of the estimated number of nearest neighbor molecules. This remarkable hydration behavior is explained by the large density φH of hydrogen bonding abilities offered by the urea molecule. In terms of currently discussed models of reorientational motions and allied dynamics in water and related associating liquids, the large density φH causes a relaxation time close to that of undisturbed water with most parts of water encircling the solute. Therefore only a small part of disturbed (“hydration”) water is left around each urea molecule. Adding alkyl groups to the basic molecule leads to Nh values which, within the series of n-alkylurea derivatives, progressively increase with the number of methyl groups per solute. With n-butylurea, Nh from dielectric spectra, in conformity with many other organic solutes, slightly exceeds the number of nearest neighbors. Compared to such Nh values, hydration numbers from compressibility data are substantially smaller, disclosing incorrect assumptions in the formula commonly used to interpret the experimental compressibilities. Similar to other series of organic solutes, effects of isomerization have been found with alkylated urea derivatives, indicating that factors other than the predominating density φH of hydrogen bond abilities contribute also to the hydration properties.
Optimal time-domain technique for pulse width modulation in power electronics
Authors: Mayergoyz I. , Tyagi S.
Published: January 2018

Optimal time-domain technique for pulse width modulation is presented. It is based on exact and explicit analytical solutions for inverter circuits, obtained for any sequence of input voltage rectangular pulses. Two optimal criteria are discussed and illustrated by numerical examples.
Experimental investigation of starting characteristics and wave propagation from a shallow open cavity and its acoustic emission at supersonic speed
Authors: Pandian S. , Desikan S. L. N. , Niranjan Sahoo
Published: January 2018

Experiments were carried out on a shallow open cavity (L/D = 5) at a supersonic Mach number (M = 1.8) to understand its transient starting characteristics, wave propagation (inside and outside the cavity) during one vortex shedding cycle, and acoustic emission. Starting characteristics and wave propagation were visualized through time resolved schlieren images, while acoustic emissions were captured through unsteady pressure measurements. Results showed a complex shock system during the starting process which includes characteristics of the bifurcated shock system, shock train, flow separation, and shock wave boundary layer interaction. In one vortex shedding cycle, vortex convection from cavity leading edge to cavity trailing edge was observed. Flow features outside the cavity demonstrated the formation and downstream movement of a λ-shock due to the interaction of shock from the cavity leading edge and shock due to vortex and generation of waves on account of shear layer impingement at the cavity trailing edge. On the other hand, interesting wave structures and its propagation were monitored inside the cavity. In one vortex shedding cycle, two waves such as a reflected compression wave from a cavity leading edge in the previous vortex shedding cycle and a compression wave due to the reflection of Mach wave at the cavity trailing edge corner in the current vortex shedding cycle were visualized. The acoustic emission from the cavity indicated that the 2nd to 4th modes/tones are dominant, whereas the 1st mode contains broadband spectrum. In the present studies, the cavity feedback mechanism was demonstrated through a derived parameter coherence coefficient.
Temperature and field dependent magnetization studies on nano-crystalline ZnFe2O4 thin films
Authors: Sahu B. N. , Suresh K. G. , Venkataramani N. , Prasad Shiva , Krishnan R.
Published: January 2018

Single phase nano-crystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) thin films were deposited on fused quartz substrate using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were deposited at different substrate temperatures. The field dependence of magnetization at 10 K shows hysteresis loops for all the samples. Temperature dependence of the field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization indicated irreversible behavior between the FC and ZFC data, and the irreversibility depends on the measuring magnetic field. The thermo-magnetic irreversibility in the magnetization data is correlated with the magnitude of the applied field and the coercivity (HC) obtained from the M-H loops.
Microstructure and dynamics of Janus particles in a phase separating medium
Authors: Semeraro Enrico F. , Dattani Rajeev , Narayanan Theyencheri
Published: January 2018

The evolution of interactions and dynamics of Janus colloidal particles suspended in quasi-binary liquid mixtures undergoing phase separation is presented. The experimental system consisted of silica-nickel Janus particles dispersed in mixtures of 3-methylpyridine, water, and heavy water. Colloidal microstructure and dynamics were probed by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. The observed static and dynamic behaviors are significantly different from those found for Stöber silica colloids in this mixture. The Janus particles manifest a slow aggregation below the coexistence temperature and become strongly attractive upon phase separation of the solvent mixture. In the two-phase region, particles tend to display surfactant-like behavior with silica and nickel surfaces likely preferring water and 3-methylpyridine rich phases, respectively. While the onset of diffusiophoretic motion is evident in the dynamics, it is gradually suppressed by particle clustering at the investigated colloid volume fractions.
Note: Second osmotic virial coefficients of short alkanes and their alcohol counterparts in water as a function of temperature
Authors: Tang Du , Delpo Courtney , Blackmon Odella , Ashbaugh Henry S.
Published: January 2018

While molecular-scale hydrophobic interactions are readily evaluable from molecular simulations, it is challenging to compare these predictions against experiment as a result of the sparing solubility of purely non-polar species. Recent theoretical and simulation advances have enabled the determination of second osmotic virial coefficients for solutes in aqueous solution, providing an alternate route for experimental validation. Here we report simulation predictions for the second osmotic virial coefficients for methane and ethane as well as those for their alcohol counterparts, methanol and ethanol, in water over a broad temperature range. The results for the alcohols quantitatively agree with available experimental results, providing support for simulation predictions for molecular-scale hydrophobic interactions.
Significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity of (GaN)1−x(ZnO)x nanowires via solubility and crystal facet tailoring
Authors: Ren Bofan , Zhang Xueliang , Zhao Ming , Wang Xin , Ye Jinhua , Wang Defa
Published: January 2018

We report on the solubility and crystal facet tailoring of the wurtzite structured (GaN)1−x(ZnO)x solid solution nanowires via a chemical vapor deposition method. With increasing the growth temperature from 900 °C to 1000 °C, the nanowire morphology is changed from zigzag to straight, and the band gap is increased from 2.70 eV to 3.26 eV, due to decreased solubility of ZnO. Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances of the zigzag nanowires are significantly improved because of the narrower band gap for absorbing more solar light and the special lateral surface atomic structure favorable for the separation of photoinduced electrons and holes.
Non-thermal hydrogen plasma processing effectively increases the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide
Authors: Ke Zhigang , Ma Yulong , Zhu Zhongjie , Zhao Hongwei , Wang Qi , Huang Qing
Published: January 2018

Graphene-based materials (GMs) are promising antibacterial agents which provide an alternative route to treat pathogenic bacteria with resistance to conventional antibiotics. To further improve their antibacterial activity, many methods have been developed to functionalize the GMs with chemicals. However, the application of additional chemicals may pose potential risks to the environment and human being. Herein, a radio-frequency-driven inductively coupled non-thermal hydrogen plasma was used to treat and reduce graphene oxide (GO) without using any other chemicals, and we found that the plasma-reduced GO (prGO) is with significantly higher bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli. The mechanism of the increased antibacterial activity of prGO is due to that plasma processing breaks down the GO sheets into smaller layers with more rough surface defects, which can thus induce more destructive membrane damages to the bacteria. This work sets another good example, showing that plasma processing is a green and low-cost alternative for GM modification for biomedical applications.
Communication: Quasi-robust local density fitting
Authors: Tew David P.
Published: January 2018

The requirement that the linear density fitting error in the integral exactly vanishes introduces unphysical long range contributions to the approximate density when the auxiliary basis is incomplete. A quasi-robust density fitting formulation is presented where spatial locality is recovered at the expense of permitting a linear error that is made small by the fitting procedure, which involves optimising the Coulomb potential of the approximate charge density. The method is shown to be stable and almost as accurate as standard robust density fitting without local approximations in practical calculations using standard density fitting basis sets.
Room temperature current modulation in large area electronic junctions of spin crossover thin films
Authors: Shalabaeva Victoria , Ridier Karl , Rat Sylvain , Manrique-Juarez Maria D. , Salmon Lionel , Séguy Isabelle , Rotaru Aurelian , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: January 2018

We report large-area (∼3 mm2), pinhole free crossbar junctions of thin films of the molecular complex [Fe(HB(tz)3)2] displaying spin transition around 336 K. The charge transport in the thinner junctions (10 and 30 nm) occurs by a tunneling mechanism, which is not affected substantially by the spin transition. The thicker junctions (100 and 200 nm) exhibit rectifying behavior and a reproducible drop of their electrical resistance by ca. 65–80% when switching the molecules from the high-spin to the low-spin state. This current modulation is ascribed to a bulk-limited charge transport mechanism via a thermally activated hopping process. The demonstrated possibility of resistance switching in ambient conditions provides appealing prospects for the implementation of molecular spin crossover materials in electronic and spintronic devices.
Dietary zinc supplementation and the performance and behaviour of caged laying hens
Authors: Sorosh Zahra , Salari Somayyeh , Sari Mohsen , Fayazi Jamal , Tabatabaei Saleh
Published: January 2018

There is considerable behavioural evidence demonstrating stress reactions in birds. Behaviour of birds can affect their performance parameters. Also, nutritional factors may affect the behaviour of laying hens. Dietary deficiencies, such as minerals can increase feather-pecking behaviour and cannibalism. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) on performance and behaviour of laying hens with four treatments (40, 70, 100, 130 mg Zn/kg of diet) with 96 Hy-Line W-36 leghorn hens for 10 weeks. The results showed that egg production for hens receiving 130 mg Zn/kg of diet was significantly higher than for those receiving 40 and 70 mg Zn/kg of diet (P < 0.05). Those hens receiving 130 mg Zn/kg of diet had lower feed consumption compared with those that had other treatments (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of Zn caused an improvement to feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). There was a treatment × time interaction on feeding behaviour that hens received 130 mg Zn/kg of diet spent significantly less time at the feeder than the other treatments. Hens receiving 130 mg Zn/kg of diet spent significantly less time drinking than the hens that received 40 and 70 mg Zn/kg of diet. Also, those that received 130 mg Zn/kg of diet did more non-nutritive pecking and preening than the hens that received 40 and 70 mg Zn/kg of diet. High levels of Zn decreased the aggressive behaviour of hens compared with those that received 40 mg Zn/kg of diet (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that Zn can improve laying performance, and can decrease aggressive behaviour.
Regular estimates of herbage mass can improve profitability of pasture-based dairy systems
Authors: Beukes P. C. , McCarthy S. , Wims C. M. , Gregorini P. , Romera A. J.
Published: January 2018

Paddock selection is an important component of grazing management and is based on either an estimate of herbage mass, or the interval since last grazing for each paddock. Obtaining estimates of herbage mass to guide grazing management can be a time consuming task. A value proposition could therefore assist farmers in deciding whether to invest resources in obtaining such information. A farm-scale simulation exercise was designed to estimate the effect of three levels of knowledge of individual paddock herbage mass on profitability of two typical pasture-based dairy systems in New Zealand; a medium input system stocked at 3.2 Friesian-Jersey cross bred cows/ha with ~15% imported feed, and a high input system stocked at 4.5 Friesian cows/ha with ~40% imported feed. The three levels of knowledge were: (1) ‘perfect knowledge’, where herbage mass per paddock is known with perfect accuracy, (2) ‘imperfect knowledge’, where herbage mass per paddock is estimated with an average error of 15%, (3) ‘low knowledge’, where herbage mass is not known, and paddocks are selected based on longest time since last grazing. In both systems, grazing management based on imperfect knowledge increased farm operating profit by ~NZ$385/ha at a milk price of NZ$6.33/kg milksolids (fat + protein) compared with low knowledge. Perfect knowledge added a further NZ$155/ha to profit. The main driver of these results is the level of accuracy in daily feed allocation, which increases with improved knowledge of herbage availability. This allows feed supply and demand to be better matched, resulting in less incidence of under- and over-feeding, higher milk production, and more optimal post-grazing residual herbage mass to maximise herbage regrowth.
Fossil craniid brachiopods (Craniata) of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Robinson Jeffrey H.
Published: January 2018

Three fossil craniid species from Australia are synonymised. Two species are transferred to two different genera, one to Danocrania and one to Novocrania; these species are described, figured and their geographic ranges illustrated. Five fossil craniid species from New Zealand, four of Novocrania and one of Valdiviathyris, are described, figured and their geographic ranges illustrated. The species described range in age from middle Paleocene to Recent. The paleoecology is summarised.
Impaired lymphoid extracellular matrix impedes antibacterial immunity in epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Nyström Alexander , Bornert Olivier , Kühl Tobias , Gretzmeier Christine , Thriene Kerstin , Dengjel Jörn , Pfister-Wartha Andrea , Kiritsi Dimitra , Bruckner-Tuderman Leena
Published: January 2018

Significance

We describe a unique role for the lymphoid extracellular matrix in maintaining systemic innate immunity. Our findings are based on studies of the genetic skin disorder recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in which affected individuals display dramatically increased bacterial colonization of skin and mucosa. We show that the increased colonization is a consequence of loss of the protein at fault—collagen VII—from the lymphoid extracellular matrix. Our study describes an intrinsic innate immune defect resulting from a genetic connective tissue disease. Hence, the data will have broad implications for deciphering the hitherto-underestimated regulatory role of the extracellular matrix in lymphoid organs and for the understanding of pathomechanisms in disorders of the extracellular matrix.
Unarticulated constituents and neo-Gricean pragmatics
Authors: Huang Yan
Published: January 2018

In recent years, the concept of unarticulated constitutes has generated a fierce debate both in the philosophy of language and in linguistic semantics and pragmatics. By unarticulated constituent is meant a propositional (or conceptual) constituent of a sentence that is communicated by the speaker in uttering that sentence, but is not linguistically represented in that uttered sentence. The main aim of this article is to provide a neo-Gricean pragmatic analysis of unarticulated constituents, showing that the current existing mechanism of neo-Gricean pragmatic theory can handle unarticulated constituents in a straightforward and elegant way. Second, I defend the neo-Gricean position that the pragmatic enrichment of unarticulated constituents is nothing but a neo-Gricean, pre-semantic conversational implicature. And third and finally, I briefly evaluate an alternative, formal syntactico-semantic analysis of unarticulated constituents.
Arabic synthetic compounds
Authors: Al-Dobaian Abdullah S.
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses some data of Arabic synthetic compounds in which regular plural inflection is included inside compounds. These data pose problems to Kiparsky’s (1982) level-ordering lexical morphology model and Li’s (1990) generalization on verb incorporation. I argue that such compounds are lexically formed based on some pieces of evidence. To support the analysis, I compare the compounds and the construct state constructions in Arabic and Hebrew. Then I show that the lexical analysis explains the morphological, syntactic properties, and the semantics of Arabic synthetic compounds. More specifically, I explain how the lexical analysis applies to theta-role assignment inside the compound and then discuss the number specification of the non-head in the compound of Arabic and English.
The scope of even
Authors: Shyu Shu-ing
Published: January 2018

One of the issues in the study of even is concerned with the ambiguous scope interpretations contributed by the focus adverb even. There have been two main camps: the lexical approach and the scope approach. Unlike English, which does not have distinct lexical items for even, Mandarin Chinese (Chinese hereafter) utilizes two constructions to express the notion of even: (1) The lian … dou ‘including … all’ construction, and (2) focus adverbs, such as shenzhi. This paper aims to demonstrate that the lian … dou construction expresses the typical implicatures in even sentences predicted by the scope theory. The seemingly deviant cases that have been argued for a lexical NPI even by Rooth, however, either are not construed in lian … dou sentences or are possibly rendered in shenzhi sentences provided by the pragmatic accommodation of existential presuppositions. In particular, dou syntactically marks focus scope and quantifies over a focus domain consisting of the focused phrase and its alternatives in presupposition. The results of this study thus shed further light on the general discussion of even in the sense that: on the one hand, the scope theory can make the right predictions, as evidenced by lian … dou; and, on the other hand, pragmatic scalar inference of the existential implicatures should be taken into consideration. Ultimately the expression of even manifests interfaces of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Site selection.
Authors: Thompson E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the importane of site selection for the optimum production of blackberries. Some factors associated with proper site selection, such as soil biological, physical and chemical properties, water sources, topography, climate and location, are also presented.
Plant nutrient management.
Authors: Strik B. C.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the various components of successful nutrient management in commercial blackberry production, such as soil sampling, leaf tissue analysis, fertilizer applications and observations on the annual growth, yield and fruit quality, among others.
Diseases, viruses, insects, and weeds of blackberries and their hybrids.
Authors: Schilder A. C. , Hall H. K. , Tzanetakis I. E. , Funt R. C.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the susceptibilty of blackberries and their hybrids to a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses and insect pests. The importance of the control or elimination of these pathogens in the development and management of a commercial block of blackberries and in insuring the longevity of the planting, quality and quantity of the fruits, long-term plant survival and the overall success of the production venture are also discussed.
Crop production.
Authors: Strik B. C. , Stanton M.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the production systems used by growers of trailing, erect and semi-erect blackberries in the USA and other important production regions in the world.
Postharvest storage and transport of blackberries.
Authors: Perkins-Veazie P.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the importance of proper blackberry cultivar selection for cultivation and the various harvesting, packaging and storage methods used prior to blackberry fruit transport and marketing.
Marketing of blackberries.
Authors: Nonnecke G. , Duffy M. , Funt R. C.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the various aspects of the marketing of the highly perishable blackberry fruits. Some variables that are controlled by the grower, such as the value of the fruit (price), quality, form and packaging associated with the fruit and its sales (product), publicity to sell the product (promotion and advertisement) and location of the distribution and sales, are also discussed.