bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El análisis de las tesis doctorales como indicador evaluativo: reflexiones y propuestas
Authors: Jiménez-Contreras Evaristo , Ruiz-Pérez Rafael , Delgado López-Cózar Emilio
Published: January 2019

Se reflexiona sobre el significado de las tesis doctorales desde el punto de vista de sus posibilidades como fuente e indicador para analizar la investigación, sobre como su estudio puede ser empleado para conocer el estado de la investigación, hasta donde es posible y qué indicadores se están utilizando o se pueden proponer para cuantificarla. Dicho análisis presenta varias facetas: como indicador de las tendencias en la investigación; como indicador de la capacidad y potencial para educar a investigadores; como medio para identificar la producción y difusión de resultados de investigación de alto nivel; y finalmente como instrumento para conocer la estructura social de la universidad (genealogías, redes científicas, sistemas de poder).

This paper presents a number of reflections on the extent to which doctoral theses may be considered research indicators, what theses can tell us about the status of research, and which indicators are being used or may be used. The analysis in this paper covers various points: theses as an indicator of trends in research; as an indicator of the potential to train researchers; as a means to identify the production and dissemination of high standard research results; and finally, as an instrument to learn about the social structure in tertiary teaching (genealogies, scientific networks, power systems).
Análisis psicométrico y relaciones de diagnóstico de la inteligencia emocional y liderazgo en docentes de enseñanzas regladas
Authors: Báez Mirón Federico , Zurita Ortega Felix , Martinez Martinez Asuncion , Zagalaz Sanchez María Luisa
Published: January 2019

La inteligencia emocional y el liderazgo son dos elementos básicos en las competencias y habilidades de los docentes. En este estudio que tiene como objetivos comprobar las propiedades psicométricas de TMSS-24 y MLQ-5X en docentes, describir la competencia de inteligencia emocional y de liderazgo de éstos, y establecer las relaciones de éstas con el tipo de enseñanza que se imparte. Para ello se analizaron a 160 docentes de toda España de 137 centros educativos, a los cuales les fue administrado los instrumentos anteriormente mencionados. Se debe indicar como principales resultados el excelente ajuste de estos instrumentos así como su fiabilidad siendo adecuadas para el conjunto de docentes de enseñanzas regladas. Dentro del marco de la inteligencia emocional se debe señalar que la regulación y comprensión son las más valoradas y en cuanto al liderazgo los de tipos transformacionales, transaccionales y resultados de liderazgo presentan cifras muy similares. En el ámbito de las relaciones solamente se encontró asociación entre el liderazgo transformacional y el tipo de enseñanza impartida hallándose una mayor capacidad de cambio en el contexto universitario, mientras que en primaria y ciclos formativos la transformación no es tan importante.

Emotional intelligence and leadership are two basic elements in the competences and abilities of teachers. In this study, which aims to verify the psychometric properties of TMSS-24 and MLQ-5X in teachers, describe the competence of emotional intelligence and leadership of these, and establish the relationships of these with the type of teaching that is taught. To this end, 160 teachers from all over Spain were analyzed from 137 educational centers, to which the aforementioned instruments were administered. It should be indicated as the main results the excellent adjustment of these instruments as well as their reliability being fully adequate for the group of teachers of regulated education. Within the framework of emotional intelligence should be noted that regulation and understanding are the most valued and in terms of leadership transformational types, transactional and leadership results have very similar figures. In the field of relationships, only an association was found between the transformational leadership and the type of education given, with a greater capacity for change in the university context, while in primary and vocational training the transformation is not so important.
Cornelius Cardew behind the Iron Curtain
Authors: Żyła Monika
Published: January 2019

The article considers the reception of Cornelius Cardew’s music at the Warsaw Autumn festival between 1960 and 1970. At that time, the state-backed festival—organized since 1956 in the capital of the People’s Republic of Poland—was considered to be an important and liberal showcase of European avant-garde from both sides of the Iron Curtain. In the article, I primarily look at the consequences of programming Cardew’s music at the festival held in a country belonging to the Eastern Block of Soviet Satellite States. I discuss further, how music critics and polish intellectuals interpreted Cardew’s music, especially his Treatise, and The Great Learning, and condemned it for their allegedly communist, pro-Chinese overtones, and explicit Maoist and Confucianist references. The rejection of Cardew’s music in Poland resulted from a bias towards his socialist, collective, and emancipatory tendencies expressed by his music. The article is based on my archival research conducted in the archive of the Polish Composers Union, the Warsaw Autumn archive, Paul Sacher Stiftung in Basel and Deutsches Polen - Institute in Darmstadt.
Dancers of Incarnation
Authors: Snowber Celeste
Published: January 2019

In poetic, sensuous and visceral language this article explores how one liturgical dance artist, whose work as a dancer and educator was centered in dance and theology for decades was informed by an incarnational theology to break open a field of embodied inquiry now situated outside the field of theological studies. The article is in itself a dance consisting of five movements which trace the journey of a liturgical dance artist from theology to doxology, embodied prayer and embodied inquiry to dancing in nature as a cathedral. Here in creating and performing site-specific work in the natural world, all of living and being is an embodied expression of spirit. Attention is given to the Biblical foundation of bodily expression and wisdom, moving to the fields of arts-based research rooted in phenomenology and curriculum theory to open up an embodied and poetic scholarship. Here writing is artistic and scholarly, personal and universal, evoking a physicality through the senses where connections between the holy and ordinary are honoured. Dance, movement and the body are rooted in incarnational and poetic expression and represent a philosophy through the flesh where physicality and spirituality are deeply intertwined.
La “soberanía primitiva” y las proclamas de los municipios en el Distrito del Sur durante la crisis de la Gran Colombia de 1826
Authors: Cabrera Hanna Santiago
Published: January 2019

Objective/context: This article study the municipal proclamations in the Southern District of the Gran Colombia during the crisis of 1826. It analyzes the political discourse employed by the departmental seats of Guayaquil, Quito and Azuay. It also assesses the ways in which those cities organized their municipal assemblies. The course of the republican crisis was finally decided by the demands of these assemblies, which issued proclamations in favor of the republican order or its immediate reform, which meant that a local and corporate sovereignty (residing in the towns) prevailed over a national sovereignty (residing in the legislative branch). The sources used correspond to the proclamations and proceedings of the cities of Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, newspaper articles mentioned in the official gazette and the 1821 Constitución de Cucutá. Originality: Studies of the crisis of la Gran Colombia and its repercussions in the Southern District usually focus on highlighting the role of the caudillos (political “strong men”) or the “needed/indispensable men” (hombres necesarios) as the builders of the north Andean republicanisms which followed the period of the Gran Colombia. In addition, it insists on the leading role of the city of Quito, which hauled the other cities towards the breakup of the federation and the creation of a new republican agreement. However, the interest of these articles focuses on an inquiry into the pronouncements of the cities which were departmental capitals, as the expression of their own agendas and appropriation of political language, with a view towards inserting their own voices into the context of the crisis. A study of the exercise of local sovereignties during the crisis throws light on this subject. Methodology: this investigation was guided by the approach of the “New Political History”. What it has done is to situate the proclamations in the departmental capitals of the Southern District in the framework of the crisis unleashed by the separatist revolution in Venezuela (the Cosiata Venezolana). It then scrutinizes the political language of these documents, with the aim of finding the uses of the term “sovereignty” in them and in the official documents. This was done in order to compare the ways in which that term was used both by the local assemblies, on the one hand, and the Constitución de Cucutá and the defenders of the republican order, on the other.
Barbarie o justicia en la Patagonia occidental: las violencias coloniales en el ocaso del pueblo kawésqar, finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX
Authors: Harambour Alberto , Barrena Ruiz José
Published: January 2019

Objective/context: This article analyzes the particular forms of inter-ethnic violence in the territory of the coastal or inter-coastal waters (territorio marino o maritorio) of the lands historically occupied by the Kawésqar indigenous group. Originality: In contrast with the widespread notion that the extinction of the Kawésqar nation took place without the interference of the State and essentially resulted from European diseases, this article holds that the particular forms of violence used against them were systematic and long-lasting, and encouraged by the racism of the State itself. The term maritorio, referring to the maritime frontiers of a nation, is taken from architecture and enables us to understand the radical difference between the Kawésqar socio-ecological system and the ways in which the Chilean State constructed a sovereignty, delegated and direct, in a transitional scenario. Methodology: The bulk of this investigation draws on judicial archives, which were not previously consulted, in order to analyze inter-ethnic conflicts during the start of the Western colonization of Patagonia. Since the victims of the appropriation of those indigenous territories by the State and business interests rarely figure in these proceedings, a micro-historical analysis was made of the public and private narratives about the denial of humanity to the canoeros. Conclusions: This study concludes that the violence practiced against the indigenous people of the western channels was systematic and constant, and that its use was endorsed by the colonialism of the Chilean State.
Los primeros años de la Revolución cubana y las Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción (UMAP)
Authors: Garcés Marrero Roberto
Published: January 2019

Objective/context: This article focuses on information about the Military Units to Aid Production found in Cuban periodical publications like El Mundo, Granma and Verde Olivo between 1965 and 1968 about the Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción (UMAP). Originality: Very few studies have dealt with this subject as a way to reconstruct the economic, socio-political and cultural aspects of the period in which this revolutionary institution arose. Methodology: This investigation has been guided by a focus which favors an analysis of documents, due to the absence of other kinds of historical sources. Conclusions: These Units were created with the aim of reforming some persons, like priests, homosexuals, dissidents and the unemployed, through agricultural work, which was regarded as a corrective measure on an individual and political-ideological level.
Photosynthesis, yield and raw material quality of sugarcane injured by multiple pests
Authors: Rossato Jr José A.S. , Madaleno Leonardo L. , Mutton Márcia J.R. , Higley Leon G. , Fernandes Odair A.
Published: January 2019

Understanding sugarcane (Saccharumspp.) response to multiple pest injury, sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) and spittlebug (Mahanarva fimbriolata), is essential to make better management decisions. Moreover, the consequences of both pests on the sugarcane raw material quality have not yet been studied. A field experiment was performed in São Paulo State, Brazil, where sugarcane plants were exposed to pests individually or in combination. Plots consisted of a 2-m long row of caged sugarcane plants. Photosynthesis was measured once every 3 months (seasonal measurement). Yield and sugar production were assessed. The measured photosynthesis rate was negatively affected by both borer and spittlebug infestations. Photosynthesis reduction was similar on plants infested by both pests as well as by spittlebug individual infestation. Plants under spittlebug infestation resulted in yield losses and represented 17.6% (individual infestation) and 15.5% (multiple infestations). The sucrose content and the sucrose yield per area were reduced when plants were infested by multiple pests or spittlebug.
Crise e Revolução
Authors: Peixoto Elza , Pereira Maria de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

Editorial referente à Revista Germinal número 2. Traz um balanço das contribuições da Revista aos debates sobre o tema na atualidade.
Crise capitalista: breves apontamentos
Authors: Lombardi José Claudinei
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Partindo da localização conjuntural da teoria das crises e da consequente teoria das revoluções produzida por Marx e Engels para a análise da gênese, desenvolvimento e morte do capitalismo, realiza-se um balanço dos embates históricos, a partir dos quais as relações de produção capitalistas mantêm-se hegemônicas no século XX e XXI. No mesmo cenário, faz-se uma síntese dos debates sobre a crise estrutural do capitalismo nos últimos anos, enfatizando-se sua gravidade e relevância histórica. Destaca-se que o comunismo não é uma idéia que tem que ser implantada, mas é uma realidade a ser construída por homens reais, em lutas, conquistas e derrotas. A revolução de um modo de produção não se faz por si, ou por decreto, mas é produto do trabalho de homens organizados. Anuncia-se que o amadurecimento da luta pode conduzir à formação de uma frente ampla que articule as forças anticapitalistas e revolucionárias. Destaca-se a necessidade de organização estratégica e tática em busca da superação da lógica do capital, e o papel que cabe aos trabalhadores da educação cumprir: expandir e aprofundar o debate.
Crise e Revolução: Observações a partir dos Escritos de Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: '?????? Pro W3'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar aspectos da teoria política de Antonio Gramsci, a fim de examinar as concepções de crise e revolução no âmbito do capitalismo internacionalizado. Gramsci acentua as mudanças estruturais do Estado e a necessidade de criar novas estratégias de organização política no contexto das novas relações de hegemonia. As breves observações a respeito de Marx e Gramsci visam a estabelecer um elo e uma continuidade entre as duas teorias, bem como acentuar a sua validade para a análise da crise do capitalismo contemporâneo.
A cisão pós-moderna de crise e revolução: algumas reflexões sobre Žižek e Negri
Authors: Viparelli Irene
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">O presente trabalho visa dar um contributo sobre a problemática geral da retoma actual do marxismo: a partir da análise de duas posições teóricas – a de Žižek e a de Negri – que com estratégias muito diferentes procuram pôr o problema da “revolução na pós-modernidade”, tentar-se-á esclarecer quais são as consequências que se escondem na actual separação da questão da revolução da dinâmica do desenvolvimento e das crises do modo de produção capitalista. A hipótese que se tentará desenvolver é a de que dessa cisão entre objectividade e subjectividade, partilhada por Negri e Žižek, contem o perigo do “retorno” a uma teoria da revolução ao fundo pré-marxista, ou seja a reafirmação de uma relação de imanência-transcendência que afirma uma posição “teológica” da problemática da emancipação humana. Tanto a “plenitude ontológica” da subjectividade negriana como a “falta de plenitude ontológica” da subjectividade de Žižek reafirmam a exigência heideggeriana de onticização do ontológico que parece reproduzir em forma pós-moderna a exigência idealista jovem-hegeliana da realização historico-objetiva da essência racional subjectiva.
Projeto Histórico Comunista e Educação
Authors: Peixoto Elza Margarida de Mendonça
Published: January 2019

Apresenta-se o Volume 2, Número 2 da Revista Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em debate, cujo tema é Projeto Histórico Comunista e Educação, indicando-se o que a revista almejava ao pautar o tema, o rumo que o debate tomou a partir da contribuição dos autores e os desafios que passamos a ter a partir das teses defendidas no número.
A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA, AS LUTAS DE CLASSE E A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Saviani Dermeval
Published: January 2019

Após introduzir a abordagem da relação entre educação e luta de classes na sociedade atual, este artigo trata do significado do conceito de violência evidenciando a condição atual de um mundo regido pela violência que encontra justificativa no fascismo, definido como metafísica da violência. Em seguida aborda o problema da erradicação da violência na práxis social nas perspectivas do personalismo cristão (metafísica da não-violência), do existencialismo (concepção subjetiva da violência) e do marxismo (concepção objetiva da violência e da não-violência). Com base nessas análises explicita, na conclusão, a relação entre luta de classes e educação escolar na perspectiva histórico-crítica.
A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA E O CURRÍCULO BÁSICO PARA A ESCOLA PÚBLICA DO PARANÁ – 1990: DO MITO À REALIDADE
Authors: Orso Paulino José , Tonidandel Sandra
Published: January 2019

Há praticamente um consenso de que, no Estado do Paraná, a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) foi institucionalizada e se constitui no referencial pedagógico que embasa toda a prática pedagógica da Rede estadual de ensino desde de 1990. O objetivo deste artigo, porém, é demonstrar que, apesar das melhorias conquistadas pelo movimento dos educadores, como a hora atividade, a eleição de diretores e a melhoria na questão salarial, dentre outras, não só não se “institucionalizou” um Currículo calcado na PHC, como permanece desconhecida pela maioria dos docentes, apesar de estar no PPP das escolas e no discurso vazio da maioria dos docentes e políticos. 
A CHAMADA ACUMULAÇÃO ORIGINAL
Authors: Marx Karl
Published: January 2019

Viu-se como o dinheiro é transformado em capital, como por meio do capital se faz mais-valia e da mais-valia se faz mais capital. Entretanto a acumulação do capital pressupõe a mais-valia, a mais-valia a produção capitalista, esta porém, a existência de massas maiores de capital e força de trabalho, nas mãos de produtores de mercadorias. Todo este movimento parece, portanto, girar num círculo vicioso, do qual só saímos subpondo [unterstellen] uma acumulação “original” (“previous accumulation”2 em Adam Smith) anterior à acumulação capitalista, uma acumulação que não é o resultado do modo de produção capitalista, mas o seu ponto de partida. 
Assessing the quality of child investigative interviewing in the Netherlands
Authors: Otgaar Henry , La Rooy David , Horselenberg Robert , Hershkowitz Irit , de Ruiter Corine , Blezer Laura , Kidane Rosie , Kollau Rowan
Published: January 2019

Using evidence‐based guidelines to interview children is an important means to obtain complete and accurate accounts. In the current study, we examined the quality of child investigative interviewing in the Netherlands. To examine this, we compared the Dutch Scenario Model with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Protocol and interviews from countries that did not follow a specific protocol. Our principal result was that Dutch child interviewers rarely asked recommended open prompts that are known to elicit detailed and accurate testimonies from children. Furthermore, we found that the scenario model contained the highest number of directive questions compared with interviews from other countries. Our findings show that the Dutch Scenario Model is not well aligned with current research‐based recommendations for interviewing children.
Blue Light Switchable Cell–Cell Interactions Provide Reversible and Spatiotemporal Control Towards Bottom‐Up Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yüz Simge G. , Rasoulinejad Samaneh , Mueller Marc , Wegner Anatol E. , Wegner Seraphine V.
Published: January 2019

Controlling cell–cell interactions is central for understanding key cellular processes and bottom‐up tissue assembly from single cells. The challenge is to control cell–cell interactions dynamically and reversibly with high spatiotemporal precision noninvasively and sustainably. In this study, cell–cell interactions are controlled with visible light using an optogenetic approach by expressing the blue light switchable proteins CRY2 or CIBN on the surfaces of cells. CRY2 and CIBN expressing cells form specific heterophilic interactions under blue light providing precise control in space and time. Further, these interactions are reversible in the dark and can be repeatedly and dynamically switched on and off. Unlike previous approaches, these genetically encoded proteins allow for long‐term expression of the interaction domains and respond to nontoxic low intensity blue light. In addition, these interactions are suitable to assemble cells into 3D multicellular architectures. Overall, this approach captures the dynamic and reversible nature of cell–cell interactions and controls them noninvasively and sustainably both in space and time. This provides a new way of studying cell–cell interactions and assembling cellular building blocks into tissues with unmatched flexibility.
Monolayer Epitaxial Heterostructures for Selective Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic NO Oxidation
Authors: Wang Liang , Xu Kang , Cui Wen , Lv Dongdong , Wang Li , Ren Long , Xu Xun , Dong Fan , Dou Shi Xue , Hao Weichang , Du Yi
Published: January 2019

Construction of vertical heterostructures by stacking two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials via chemical bonds can be an effective strategy to explore advanced solar‐energy‐conversion systems. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate such heterostructures based on conversional oxide‐based compounds, as they either do not possess a 2D layered structure or are not suitable for epitaxial growth due to large lattice mismatch. Here, a vertical heterostructure of bismuth oxyhalide semiconductors fabricated through a heteroepitaxial anion exchange method is reported. Monolayer Bi2WO6 is epitaxially grown on the exposed surface of BiOI to inhibit photocorrosion and introduce active sites. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that electrons generated under visible‐light irradiation can directly transfer to surface coordinatively unsaturated (CUS) Bi atoms, which contribute to the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules. As a result, the Bi2WO6/BiOI vertical heterostructures exhibit significantly enhanced visible‐light‐driven NO oxidation activity compared with BiOI and Bi2WO6.
Fluorobenzotriazole (FTAZ)‐Based Polymer Donor Enables Organic Solar Cells Exceeding 12% Efficiency
Authors: Liao Zhihui , Xie Yuanpeng , Chen Lie , Tan Yun , Huang Shaorong , An Yongkang , Ryu Hwa Sook , Meng Xiangchuan , Liao Xunfan , Huang Bin , Xie Qian , Woo Han Young , Sun Yanming , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2019

The fluorobenzotriazole (FTAZ)‐based copolymer donors are promising candidates for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs), but suffer from relatively low photovoltaic performance due to their unsuitable energy levels and unfavorable morphology. Herein, three polymer donors, L24, L68, and L810, based on a chlorinated‐thienyl benzodithiophene (BDT‐2Cl) unit and FTAZ with different branched alkyl side chain, are synthesized. Incorporation of a chlorine (Cl) atom into the BDT unit is found to distinctly optimize the molecular planarity, energy levels, and improve the polymerization activity. Impressively, subtle side chain length of FTAZ realizes a dramatic improvement in all the device parameters, as revealed by the short‐current density (Jsc) improved from 7.41 to 20.76 mA cm−2, fill‐factor from 36.3 to 73.5%, and even the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.495 to 0.790 V. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.1% is obtained from the L810‐based device, which is one of the highest values reported for FTAZ‐based PSCs so far. Notably, the corresponding external quantum efficiency curve keeps a very prominent value up to 80% from 500 to 800 nm. The notable performance is discovered from the reduced energy loss, improved molecular face‐on orientation, the down‐shifted energy levels, and optimized absorption coefficient regulated by side‐chain engineering.
Chiral Grayscale Imaging with Plasmonic Metasurfaces of Stepped Nanoapertures
Authors: Chen Yang , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong
Published: January 2019

Optical chiral imaging, as an important tool in chemical and biological analysis, has recently undergone a revolution with the development of chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, the existing chiral imaging approaches based on metamaterials or metasurfaces can only display binary images with 1 bit pixel depth having either black or white pixels. Here, the unique chiral grayscale imaging based on plasmonic metasurfaces of stepped V‐shaped nanoapertures is reported with both high circular dichroism and large polarization linearity in transmission. By interlacing two subarrays of chiral nanoaperture enantiomers into one metasurface, two specific linear polarization profiles are independently generated in transmission under different incident handedness, which can then be converted into two distinct intensity profiles for demonstrating spin‐controlled grayscale images with 8 bit pixel depth. The proposed chiral grayscale imaging approach with subwavelength spatial resolution and high data density provides a versatile platform for many future applications in image encryption and decryption, dynamic display, advanced chiroptical sensing, and optical information processing.
Matrix Topography Regulates Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Ko Eunkyung , Yu Seung Jung , Pagan‐Diaz Gelson J. , Mahmassani Ziad , Boppart Marni D. , Im Sung Gap , Bashir Rashid , Kong Hyunjoon
Published: January 2019

Recreation of a muscle that can be controlled by the nervous system would provide a major breakthrough for treatments of injury and diseases. However, the underlying basis of how neuron–muscle interfaces are formed is still not understood sufficiently. Here, it is hypothesized that substrate topography regulates neural innervation and synaptic transmission by mediating the cross‐talk between neurons and muscles. This hypothesis is examined by differentiating neural stem cells on the myotubes, formed on the substrate with controlled groove width. The substrate with the groove width of 1600 nm, a similar size to the myofibril diameter, serves to produce larger and aligned myotubes than the flat substrate. The myotubes formed on the grooved substrate display increases in the acetylcholine receptor expression. Reciprocally, motor neuron progenitor cells differentiated from neural stem cells innervate the larger and aligned myotubes more actively than randomly oriented myotubes. As a consequence, mature and aligned myotubes respond to glutamate (i.e., an excitatory neurotransmitter) and curare (i.e., a neuromuscular antagonist) more rapidly and homogeneously than randomly oriented myotubes. The results of this study will be broadly useful for improving the quality of engineered muscle used in a series of applications including drug screening, regeneration therapies, and biological machinery assembly.
Dopant‐Free Partial Rear Contacts Enabling 23% Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Bullock James , Wan Yimao , Hettick Mark , Zhaoran Xu , Phang Sieu Pheng , Yan Di , Wang Hanchen , Ji Wenbo , Samundsett Chris , Hameiri Ziv , Macdonald Daniel , Cuevas Andres , Javey Ali
Published: January 2019

Over the past five years, there has been a significant increase in both the intensity of research and the performance of crystalline silicon devices which utilize metal compounds to form carrier‐selective heterocontacts. Such heterocontacts are less fundamentally limited and have the potential for lower costs compared to the current industry dominating heavily doped, directly metalized contacts. A low temperature (≤230 °C), TiOx/LiFx/Al electron heterocontact is presented here, which achieves mΩcm2 scale contact resistivities ρc on lowly doped n‐type substrates. As an extreme demonstration of the potential of this heterocontact, it is trialed in a newly developed, high efficiency n‐type solar cell architecture as a partial rear contact (PRC). Despite only contacting ≈1% of the rear surface area, an efficiency of greater than 23% is achieved, setting a new benchmark for n‐type solar cells featuring undoped PRCs and confirming the unusually low ρc of the TiOx/LiFx/Al contact. Finally, in contrast to previous versions of the n‐type undoped PRC cell, the performance of this cell is maintained after annealing at 350–400 °C, suggesting its compatibility with conventional surface passivation activation and sintering steps.
Tuning of evolutionary particle filtering approach for estimation of trajectory deviation
Authors: Mukherjee Abhik , Chattaraj Suvendu , Chakraborty Sudipta
Published: January 2019

An autonomous vehicle launched from moving platform is subjected to flexure‐like disturbance and needs to stabilize itself before embarking on the target tracking phase. Control and guidance remains inactive during stabilization phase. Hence, estimating the deviation from the intended trajectory is important in the absence of control and guidance commands for trajectory correction. This estimation problem is here mapped to the misalignment estimation problem, with the intended trajectory data resembling mother data and the followed trajectory data resembling daughter data. The main requirement is fast convergence for early commencement of target tracking phase. Kalman filter and its variants fail to converge due to the inability to model time varying nonlinearities and flexure in the system model. Conventional particle filter converges, but computation time is high. This work explores evolutionary particle filter variants that may provide faster convergence through adaptive tuning of the range from where particle support points are selected. Such heuristics is based on the observed residual trend. Monte Carlo simulation results underline the importance of designing estimator based on adaptive tuned evolutionary particle filter algorithm.
Ti (IV) attached‐phosphonic acid functionalized capillary monolith as a stationary phase for in‐syringe‐type fast and robust enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Salimi Kouroush , Kip Çiğdem , Çelikbıçak Ömür , Usta Duygu Deniz , Pınar Aslı , Salih Bekir , Tuncel Ali
Published: January 2019

In this study, poly(vinylphosphonic acid‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(VPA‐co‐EDMA) capillary monolith was synthesized as a starting material for obtaining a stationary phase for microscale enrichment of phosphopeptides. The chelation of active phosphonate groups with Ti (IV) ions gave a macroporous monolithic column with a mean pore size of 5.4 μm. The phosphopeptides from different sources were enriched on Ti (IV)‐attached poly(VPA‐co‐EDMA) monolith using a syringe‐pump. The monolithic capillary columns exhibited highly sensitive/selective enrichment performance with phosphoprotein concentrations as low as 1.0 fmol/mL. Six different phosphopeptides were detected with high intensity by the treatment of β‐casein digest with the concentration of 1.0 fmol/mL, using Ti (IV)@poly(VPA‐co‐EDMA) monolith. Highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides was also successfully carried out even at trace amounts, in a complex mixture of digested proteins (molar ratio of β‐casein to bovine serum albumin, 1:1500) and three phosphopeptides were successfully detected. Four highly intense signals of phosphopeptides in human serum were also observed with high signal‐to‐noise ratio and a clear background after enrichment with Ti (IV)@poly(VPA‐co‐EDMA) monolith. It was concluded that the capillary microextraction system enabled fast, efficient and robust enrichment of phosphopeptides from microscale complex samples. The whole enrichment process was completed within 20 min, which was shorter than in the previously reported studies.
Separation of Trimethyl Borate from a Liquid Mixture by Pervaporation
Authors: Gaálová Jana , Vojtek Lukáš , Lasnier Sara , Tadic Toma , Sýkora Jan , Izák Pavel
Published: January 2019

Four commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes were applied to the pervaporation of an azeotropic mixture containing trimethyl borate, a precursor to boronic acids used in Suzuki couplings and a gaseous anti‐oxidant in solder flux or brazing. The degree of cross‐linking of the chains in the active layer played a crucial role in the membrane process using the membranes PERVAP 4155‐80, PERVAP 4155‐40 and PERVAP 4155‐30. PERVAP 4155‐30 reached the best results from all tested membranes; an impressive selectivity with fast permeation was also achieved with the PERVAP 4060 membrane. Methanol preferentially passed through PERVAP 4155‐30, but trimethyl borate was favorably pervaporated from the mixture by PERVAP 6040, due to the diverse affinities of the membranes.
Fatty Acid Deoxygenation in Supercritical Hexane over Catalysts Synthesized Hydrothermally for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Stepacheva Antonina A. , Sidorov Alexander I. , Matveeva Valentina G. , Sulman Mikhail G. , Sulman Esther M.
Published: January 2019

Deposition of catalytically active metal‐containing compounds on solid porous supports by using superheated (subcritical) water is a promising way to produce materials with unique physicochemical and catalytic properties. The hydrothermal method has been found to give catalysts with high surface area, fine distribution of the active phase, and high catalytic activity. In the current work, the catalytic activities of 10 % Ni and 10 % Co deposited on hyper‐cross‐linked polystyrene (HPS) by the hydrothermal method in the supercritical deoxygenation of fatty acids were compared. 10 % Ni/HPS was found to be the most active catalyst in the deoxygenation of stearic acid in supercritical n‐hexane.
Practical Application of the Probabilistic‐Statistical Model of the Suspension Separation in Hydrocyclones
Authors: Krokhina Alina V. , Lvov Vladimir A. , Fatova Alvina V.
Published: January 2019

An effective practical approach that allows not only a significant reduction in the scope of practical experiments in the course of studying suspension separation processes in hydrocyclones, but also makes it possible to assess the intensity of random components of the processes and define the interrelation between such components and hydrodynamics of flows in a hydrocyclone is presented. Within the frames of the developed probabilistic‐statistical model of suspension separation in hydrocyclones on the basis of statistical self‐similarity properties, a relationship was found between determined and random components of the processes. This allowed transitioning from three‐parameter probability density functions for suspension particles in hydrocyclones to two‐parameter functions; thus significantly improving the efficiency of practical application of the developed model.
Recent Progress in Decoupled H2 and O2 Production from Electrolytic Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Xuan , Chi Jingqi , Dong Bin , Sun Yujie
Published: January 2019

Conventional water splitting electrolyzers produce H2 and O2 simultaneously and, thus, result in the potential formation of a hazardous H2/O2 mixture and reactive oxygen species, posing safety risks and substantially increasing the manufacturing cost of electrolyzers. The use of redox mediators successfully decouples water splitting to generate H2 and O2 at different times and in different places. Such a nonconventional water splitting strategy enables the possibility of producing highly pure gas products. In some cases, the costly membrane could also be avoided. Even though it is a relatively new field, many promising electrocatalytic and photocatalytic systems have been reported over the last few years for decoupled water splitting. This Minireview briefly introduces the design principle and highlights several representative redox mediators of decoupled water‐splitting electrolysis. It is anticipated that new competent and low‐cost redox mediators will be developed not only for water electrolysis, but also many other renewable energy‐driven applications.
A Green Approach: Vicinal Oxidative Electrochemical Alkene Difunctionalization
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Shirinfar Bahareh , Hardwick Tomas , Ahmed Nisar
Published: January 2019

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Nisar Ahmed (Cardiff University, United Kingdom). The cover picture shows that vicinal oxidative electrochemical alkene functionalization is a powerful and sustainable approach that can readily build complex organic molecules without the use of external chemical oxidants and catalysts, proceed with excellent atom economies. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/celc.201801466.
Analysis of distributed database access path prediction based on recurrent neural network in internet of things
Authors: Yu Guangzhou , Fu Weina
Published: January 2019

For avoiding the phenomenon of congestion, delay, and jitter in thedatabase access path, it is necessary to study the prediction method of database access path. Predicted database access path has high delay and jitter when using existing database access path prediction method to predict the path. Therefore, a prediction method of database access path is proposed based on the recurrent neural network. A decision matrix is constructed and normalized based on the analytic hierarchy process. The evaluation value of the alternative transit data center is calculated by the arithmetic weighted average operator, and the transit data center is selected according to the evaluation result. The matter‐element analysis model is used to establish the mapping relationship between the user experience quality and the network service quality parameters. Moreover, the user experience quality evaluation level objective function of the database access path prediction method is constructed. Through the objective function to obtain the optimal database access path, the database access path prediction is completed. The experimental results show that the delay of the database access path predicted by the proposed method is much lower than other methods. The jitter is less than 30 ms and the jitter is small, which verifies the effectiveness of the path prediction method.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty in hypermarkets: A new socially responsible strategy
Authors: Cuesta‐Valiño Pedro , Rodríguez Pablo Gutiérrez , Núñez‐Barriopedro Estela
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on retailers' performance (hypermarkets). An analysis using a comprehensive conceptualization of CSR reveals that CSR has positive implications for hypermarkets' performance and illustrates which CSR dimensions are the most important to focus on. For this purpose, this study enhances its empirical validity by collecting data from 667 respondents in Spain and testing the hypothesis applying partial least squares structural equation modeling. The study finds that CSR is positively influencing customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction, image, and quality also intervened in their relationships. In particular, a new finding of the study highlights the importance of the mediating role played by image and quality in enhancing the effect of CSR on satisfaction. The research findings provide useful insights into how hypermarkets should develop a CSR strategy that would enhance customer loyalty.
Fire legacies in eastern ponderosa pine forests
Authors: Roberts Caleb P. , Donovan Victoria M. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Powell Larkin A. , Allen Craig R. , Angeler David G. , Wedin David A. , Twidwell Dirac
Published: January 2019

Disturbance legacies structure communities and ecological memory, but due to increasing changes in disturbance regimes, it is becoming more difficult to characterize disturbance legacies or determine how long they persist. We sought to quantify the characteristics and persistence of material legacies (e.g., biotic residuals of disturbance) that arise from variation in fire severity in an eastern ponderosa pine forest in North America. We compared forest stand structure and understory woody plant and bird community composition and species richness across unburned, low‐, moderate‐, and high‐severity burn patches in a 27‐year‐old mixed‐severity wildfire that had received minimal post‐fire management. We identified distinct tree densities (high: 14.3 ± 7.4 trees per ha, moderate: 22.3 ± 12.6, low: 135.3 ± 57.1, unburned: 907.9 ± 246.2) and coarse woody debris cover (high: 8.5 ± 1.6% cover per 30 m transect, moderate: 4.3 ± 0.7, low: 2.3 ± 0.6, unburned: 1.0 ± 0.4) among burn severities. Understory woody plant communities differed between high‐severity patches, moderate‐ and low‐severity patches, and unburned patches (allp < 0.05). Bird communities differed between high‐ and moderate‐severity patches, low‐severity patches, and unburned patches (allp < 0.05). Bird species richness varied across burn severities: low‐severity patches had the highest (5.29 ± 1.44) and high‐severity patches had the lowest (2.87 ± 0.72). Understory woody plant richness was highest in unburned (5.93 ± 1.10) and high‐severity (5.07 ± 1.17) patches, and it was lower in moderate‐ (3.43 ± 1.17) and low‐severity (3.43 ± 1.06) patches. We show material fire legacies persisted decades after the mixed‐severity wildfire in eastern ponderosa forest, fostering distinct structures, communities, and species in burned versus unburned patches and across fire severities. At a patch scale, eastern and western ponderosa system responses to mixed‐severity fires were consistent.
Immunobinding‐induced alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of proteins: An approach to studying the preconcentration of an acidic protein under cationic isotachophoresis
Authors: Guo Shuang , Jacroux Thomas , Ivory Cornelius F. , Li Lei , Dong Wen‐Ji
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study is to explore an approach for analyzing negatively charged proteins using paper‐based cationic ITP. The rationale of electrophoretic focusing the target protein with negative charges under unfavorable cationic ITP condition is to modify the electrophoretic mobility of the target protein through antigen‐antibody immunobinding. Cationic ITP was performed on a paper‐based analytical device that was fabricated using fiberglass paper. The paper matrix was modified with (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane to minimize sample attraction to the surface for cationic ITP. Negatively charged BSA was used as the model target protein for the cationic ITP experiments. No electrophoretic mobility was observed for BSA‐only samples during cationic ITP experimental condition. However, the presence of a primary antibody to BSA significantly improved the electrokinetic behavior of the target protein. Adding a secondary antibody conjugated with amine‐rich quantum dots to the sample further facilitated the concentrating effect of ITP, reduced experiment time, and elevated the stacking ratio. Under our optimized experimental conditions, the cationic ITP‐based paper device electrophoretically stacked 94% of loaded BSA in less than 7 min. Our results demonstrate that the technique has a broad potential for rapid and cost‐effective isotachphoretic analysis of multiplex protein biomarkers in serum samples at the point of care.
Integration of principal component analysis and artificial neural networks to more effectively predict agricultural energy flows
Authors: Nikkhah Amin , Rohani Abbas , Rosentrater Kurt A. , El Haj Assad M. , Ghnimi Sami
Published: January 2019

There are some studies regarding the prediction of agricultural energy flows using artificial neural networks (ANNs). These models are quite sensitive to correlations amongst inputs, and, there are often strong correlations amongst energy inputs for agricultural systems. One potential method to remediate this problem is to use principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to predict energy flows for a specific agricultural system (Iranian tea production) via a novel methodology based on ANNs, and using principal components as model inputs, not raw data. PCA results showed that the first and second components could account for more than 99% of variation in the data, thus the dimensions of the data set could be decreased from six to two for the prediction of energy flows for Iranian tea production. Using these principal components as inputs, an ANN model with 2–15–1 structure was determined to be optimal for energy flow modeling of this system. To conclude, the results of this study highlighted that the use of PC as ANN inputs improved ANN model prediction through reducing its complexity and eliminating data colinearity. Many agricultural systems could benefit from using this methodology for energy modeling. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13130, 2019
Assessing the carbon footprint of irrigated and dryland wheat with a life cycle approach in bojnourd
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Saeideh , Asgharipour Mohammad Reza , Bazrgar Amir Behzad , Soufizadeh Saeid , Karandish Fatemeh
Published: January 2019

This research is conducted with the purpose of studying greenhouse gas emissions by wheat production in Bojnourd using the life cycle approach. The basic information is collected from wheat farmers in the form of questionnaires in the crop year 2015–2016. The meteorology and crop data are gathered, respectively, from the Meteorological Organization and Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. The functional unit, research boundary and impact category are, respectively, considered to be “the production of 1 kg of wheat grains,” “the farm gate,” and “Global Warming Potential.” Data were prepared and analyzed in Excel and SimaPro software. The global warming index is calculated to be, respectively, 1.22 and 0.72 equivalent kilograms of carbon dioxide for the production of 1 kg of irrigated and dryland wheat. Based on the results, electricity, and machinery (53% and 22%, respectively, in the irrigated wheat) and machinery, diesel fuel, and chemical fertilizer application (44%, 4%, and 4%, respectively, in the dry wheat) have the highest share in greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that improving the management of the optimal use of inputs and the increase of the area under cultivation can have a significant role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13134, 2019