bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes en Colombia, en función del Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI)
Authors: Gómez Guzmán Luz Migdonia , Perozo Chirinos Sunny Raquel
Published: June 2020

El propósito de este artículo es presentar un abordaje teórico y conceptual sobre cómo las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes de Colombia, desarrolladas a partir de lo dispuesto en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI) de cada escuela o colegio, contempladas como un instrumento identificador y propio de cada institución para orientar el logro de la calidad educativa planteada en la nueva constitución política de Colombia del año 1991. Metodológicamente se planteó un acercamiento teórico y crítico utilizando dos niveles, monográfico dirigido a la revisión de las fuentes para recopilar las ideas de los planteamientos conceptuales y luego se desarrolló un nivel hermenéutico en el cual se hizo una interpretación a partir de la sustentación, vigencia y alcance. La reflexión final de este análisis teórico conlleva a confirmar la importancia de la integración de lo dispuesto en el proyecto PEI en las prácticas educativas, para lo que se hace necesario que el docente esté plenamente identificado con sus fines y objetivos.
Rincón de lectura, estrategia en el desarrollo del lenguaje
Authors: Ripalda Vicenta , Macías Jessica , Sánchez Mata Marlene
Published: June 2020

La utilización del rincón de lectura, permite a los niños desarrollar el lenguaje por medio de un aprendizaje significativo, donde se utilice varias actividades que motive a los niños a leer. La investigación realizada a 102 docentes de educación inicial y primero de básica de Zonal 5 – Ecuador, se evidenció que no están aplicando varias estrategias en este ambiente de aprendizaje, solo realizan narración de cuentos, cuando hay varias actividades que se pueden hacer como: intercambio de lectores, apadrinamientos, proyectos de elaboración de textos artesanales, que motivaran a los niños a interesarse por la lectura y la creatividad. Es necesario que los docentes también planifiquen para el uso de la biblioteca de aula, haciendo un itinerario donde se evidenciará el trabajo por parcial de cada una de las actividades que pueden realizar con su grupo de estudiantes.
Uso de la tecnología en las aulas universitarias, ¿una utopía en la era de la información?
Authors: Tapia Tapia Sylvia Ibeth , Campoverde Castillo Andrea Cecibel , Medina Aguilar Karla Stefanie
Published: June 2020

En esta era tecnológica todo tipo de información está al alcance de un dispositivo electrónico y el Internet se ha vuelto indispensable en la educación; ya no se discute la efectividad de las TIC en los procesos de formación académica. La universidad está sujeta a la constante modernización de sus paradigmas pedagógicos y en esta ola de avance educativo el uso de la tecnología para fortalecer y consolidar los conocimientos en los docentes va teniendo cada día más impulso; no obstante, su uso no se vuelve una práctica común entre ellos. La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar mediante una reflexión sobre el uso de la tecnología como parte de la pedagogía universitaria. Consecuentemente, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la temática. Se pudo concluir que todavía falta aprender sobre la relación entre tecnología y educación superior, usar las TIC por si solas no garantiza el éxito, es imperioso vincularlas a estructuras pedagógicas bien definidas, un docente comprometido es la clave.
Jesus Is Son of GOD
Authors: Du James Xianxing
Published: June 2020

This testimony presents definitive logic and extensive evidence to support The Claim by Jesus Christ that Jesus Is Son of GOD rather than GOD.
SURVEI MINAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA TERHADAP PENGADAAN PRAKTIKUM
Authors: Septiyani Aninda Wulan
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian survei ini untuk mengetahui gambaran minat belajar peserta didik SekolahMenengah Pertama terhadap pengadaan praktikum dalam pembelajaran Ilmu PengetahuanAlam. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang pernahmelakukan praktikum. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif menggunakansurvei angket secara online. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket online penggunaanmetode dan media pembelajaran IPA via Google Form. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwaminat belajar peserta didik terhadap pengadaan praktikum Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam adalah58,05 termasuk dalam kategori cukup, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa minat belajar IPAterhadap pengadaan praktikum cukup menarik bagi peserta didik. Temuan ini diharapkan dapatmenjadi gambaran minat peserta didik dalam pengadaan praktikum oleh guru sains.
Performance-Assessment of Existing Drainage Facilities for The Purpose of Stormwater
Management
Authors: Oluwaseun O.V , Bilewu S.O , Adejumo E.A , Makanjuola B.G
Published: June 2020

The study assesses the performance of the existing drainage facilities in some selected areas in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria. The rapid increase in urbanization, increase in population without corresponding infrastructures in the city of Ilorin have led to the increased incidence of flood as the available drainage channel cannot convey the volume of water. The study focuses on the household demograph, flooding, drainage maintenance and solid waste management strategies employed in the study areas. The methodology involves the use of questionnaires and interview method to gather information from the respondents of the study areas. The study was carried out with 200 copies of well-designed questionnaire through systematic random sampling technique in the administration. The research questions were answered using tables of frequencies and percentages, bar chat, pie chart and regression analysis for flood modelling and prediction of flood occurrence. The analysis revealed that frequent flood events in the city of Ilorin can be traced to dumping of solidwaste in the drainage system, inadequate drainage channels, poor solid waste management strategy and variables such frequency of drainage maintenance, predominant waste material and duration of drainage maintenance, made statistically significant contributions to the prediction of Flood occurrence. A model for prediction of effect of stormwater management on flood was formulated. All the variables used in the model were evaluated and it has been established that frequency of drainage maintenance makes the strongest contribution to the causes of flood (Y dependent variable) among all other significant variables, other significant variables included availability of drainage system, waste disposal mechanism, distance of available dumpsite, frequency of waste collection, agency responsible for drainage maintenance and predominant waste materials.
Groundwater Prospecting Using Combined Vertical Electrical Sounding and Borehole
Performance
Authors: Oyegoke S.O , Adebanjo A.S , Fayomi O.O , Obot O.
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the prospect of groundwater in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti(ABUAD); result of which will inform of the possibility of getting sufficient water underground. Geophysical survey was carried out in the study area and complemented with performance of an existing borehole. The survey involved 1-D Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) utilizing the Schlumberger electrode array with half-current electrode separation (AB/2) that ranged from 1m to 50m. The VES data interpretation involved partial curve matching and computer assisted 1-D forward modeling using IPI 2 WIN software. The results showed the subsurface to have 3-layer earth strata comprising of sandy-clay top soil up to 3.26m deep, weathered/fractured basement in the next 9.06m depth and then, the fresh basement with the weathered layer constituting the main aquifer unit. The resistivity values of the weathered and fractured basement are 174 and 192 ohmm indicating relatively low potential for groundwater resource. Pumping test on a nearby borehole gave specific capacity of 7.95m2/day which depicts a low to intermediate transmissivity conforming to the VES.
Qualitative Assessment of Effects of Encroachment on Water Resources of Agba Dam,
Ilorin Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji O.S , Olaoye R.A , Abioye I.B
Published: June 2020

The city of Ilorin in Nigeria has experienced high population growth and rapid urbanization. Agba Dam is one of the major sources of potable water in Ilorin, and currently being threatened by anthropogenic induced encroachment activities, with potential for significant derogatory effects on its quality. Therefore, this paper assesses the qualitative impact of encroachment on the water resources regime of Agba Dam, Ilorin, Nigeria. Field survey was carried out to scope proximal anthropogenic activities and to delineate historical as well as current extent of the encroachment area of the dam. Representative water samples were collected from locations within the dam catchment, and subsequently analyzed for alkalinity, dissolved carbondioxide, chloride, total iron, copper, sulphate, colour, calcium, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. In addition, historical physical and chemical data of water samples obtained from the dam were also acquired, and analyzed to determine temporal variation in the quality. The results show a reduction of 0.89 km2 or 63% in the historical buffer boundary of the dam. The values of the measured physico-chemical parameters were generally similar to that obtained for the historical values and therefore suggest limited impact of the anthropogenic activities on the water quality. However, slight increases were observed in the measured concentrations of the alkalinity, dissolved carbondioxide, chloride, iron, copper and sulphate, and this indicates possibilities of water quality alteration, with potential consequences for ecosystem and aquatic life if the trend is unabated.
Effect of Contraventions of Building Regulations on the Quality of Built Environment in Nigeria’s Urban Centers: Case Study of Kano Metropolis
Authors: Ibrahim S.K , Mai M.M
Published: June 2020

The orderly growth of Nigerian urban areas is strategically moderated by hierarchic development control instruments of the three tiers of government. The design and construction of buildings for a variety of purposes are carefully managed by urban and regional planners, architects, and engineers among others, usually aid in the enforcement of development regulatory apparatus. This paper appraises development control abuses apparent in some selected neighborhoods of Kano metropolis, as well as their effects on the quality of the built environment. A case study qualitative research approach was applied to evaluate land use breaches in the study area using secondary data accessed from a statutory development control agency, Kano state Urban Planning and Development Authority (KNUPDA) over a twenty-year period. The research outcome shows that majority of the planned developments contravened in one way or the other, which manifests in over development through encroachment on setbacks, structures exceeding allowable floor area and change of land use. This implies the incapacitation of such organs to decisively contain urban sprawl, which may not be unconnected with the high deficit of serviced plots to meet the demand of building activities. Building contraventions gradually compromise the level of excellence of the built environment, especially its aesthetics, which leads to dysfunctional human abode, where privacy, fire protection, and natural ventilation are specifically dislodged. Therefore, a re-examination of the physical development process, product, and participants becomes imperative.
Assessment of Age Effect of Dumpsite on Biodegradability and Pollution Potentials of Leachate
Authors: Badejo A.A , Adekunle A.A , Adeosun J.O , Nwosu E.G
Published: June 2020

The increase in world’s population has led to increase in waste generation and is a source of concern for stakeholders across the world. These wastes end up in dumpsites which undergo different stages of decomposition thereby producing Leachate which have a tendency of polluting groundwater. This study assessed biodegradability and Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) of dumpsite relative to its age. Three dumpsites Orile (O), Solous 3 (S3) and Solous 1 (S1) dumpsites with different ages: – less than 5, between 5-10 and greater than 10 years old respectively were studied. Leachate samples were collected from each dumpsite; Physico-chemical parameters: pH, chloride, Iron, Zinc, Arsenic, Total nitrogen, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Dissolved Solid, Electricity Conductivity and heavy metal: Lead, Chromium and Copper were analysed to determine the LPI while BOD5/COD was determined to ascertain the level of biodegradability of the dumpsites. The BOD5/COD results for O, S3 and S1 leachates were in the decreasing order of 0.37, 0.29 and 0.21 respectively while LPI results for: O, S1 and S3 leachate were 10.00, 11.20 and 15.68 respectively which were above the standard limit of 7.38. The results showed that O and S1 dumpsite leachate had least and highest sign of biodegradability respectively. The LPI result showed that O and S1 dumpsite leachates had the highest and the least pollution potentials respectively. Leachate from dumpsites less than 5 years has higher pollution potentials and lesser biodegradable than leachates from dumpsites more than 5 years. Leachate from O dumpsite will impact negatively on groundwater quality than leachates from S1 and S3 dumpsites. The age of a dumpsite leachate determines its pollution potential and biodegradability.
Evaluation of Strength Classes of Two Selected Less-used Nigerian Timber Species for Structural Applications
Authors: Rahmon R.O , Oyeleke M.O , Babatunde O.Y
Published: June 2020

As a result of increase in population growth and urbanization, the demand for timber in construction industry has exponentially increased. Common and popular timber in the industry do not meet up with the high demand and attention has been shifted to unpopular timber species such as Bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) and Ire (Funtumia elastica) but their properties are yet to be fully researched and documented. This research therefore aimed at characterizing and grading of two less-used timber species in Kwara State, Nigeria for structural applications. The selected timber species were obtained from Irewolede Sawmill in Ilorin, Kwara State and various test specimens were prepared according to the BS 373: 1957 using Small Clear Size Specimens of Timber. A total of 200 specimens free from visible defects were used for the determination of the strength properties using the Universal Testing Machine of 300 kN capacity at the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin in accordance with BS 373: 1957 (revised in 1999). It was revealed that Bush mango and Ire had average moisture contents of 13.95 and 12.71%, respectively. For density classification, Bush mango and Ire were classified as medium and light wood, respectively. Bush mango and Ire were therefore graded according to NCP 2 (1973) and BS 5268 (2002) and assigned to their corresponding strength classes. Hence, Bush mango can be applied as bridge beam and railway sleepers while Ire can be used for lightweight furniture.
Review on the Environmental Impact of Saw Mill Waste Discharges in Nigeria
Authors: Fagbenro O.K , Abdulfatai K
Published: June 2020

Saw mill is basic to the manufacture of wood products and is therefore considered very relevant as it is almost impossible to avoid the use of wood or its products in any given household. Although the development of this industry brings great gain, providing employment, sources of livelihood and products which gives comfort, it is yet associated with environmental pollution. The aim of this review is thus to establish the influence of waste generated from the saw mill on the environment and surface water quality in particular, using the Nigerian situation as a case study for other developing nations. Studies have shown that pollution from inappropriate storage and disposal of saw mill waste is not only physical but chemical as well. The manufacture of wood, especially those meant for external use or where they may be subjected to harsh artificial or natural conditions such as weather often requires its treatment with chemicals for preservation. These chemicals may be toxic or possess sufficient capacity to interfere with health or the aquatic biota when exposed. A review of previous studies on the impact of saw mill waste discharges on water quality has shown that surface water qualities especially is compromised when exposed to these waste.
Determination of the Pozzolanicity of Cocoa Pod Ash at Different Temperatures
Authors: Olaniyan O.S , Olanipekun A.A , Akeredolu D.A , Bello A.T , Olojede J.P
Published: June 2020

Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials which possess little or no cementing property but chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form compounds possessing cementitious properties. There is paucity of information on the pozzolanicity of Cocoa Pod Ash (CPA). Hence, this study investigated the pozzolanicity of CPA. Cocoa pods were obtained from selected farms in Egba Odeda, Ogun State Nigeria. The Cocoa pods were washed, sundried and calcinated to ashes in a furnace between 600° C to 1000° C at Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State. Chemical analyses and X-ray Crystallography were carried out on the CPA to determine the types of oxides present and their varying percentages. The oxides were Silica (SiO,), Ferric (Fe,O,), combined percentages of Ferric and Aluminum oxides (Fe,O, and Al,O,), Calcium (CaO), Magnesium (MgO) and Sulphur (SO,). The moisture content and the Loss of Ignition (LOD) of the CPA samples were also determined.The oxides of Silicon, Ferric, Aluminium, Calcium and Magnesium oxide ranged between 6.39-8.00; 0.78 – 0.89; 1.74- 2,29; 7.15-8.42 and 4.38-5.16% respectively. Sulphur trioxide and LOI ranged 3.51- 3.78 and 27.2- 32.0%, respectively. The Xray crystallography showed that the total percentage composition of SiO, Al,O, and Fe,O, in CPA varied from 14.87-24.21%. The study showed that CPA did not satisfy the minimum 70% requirements stipulated by ASTM C618 (2005) for a pozzolan after the analysis of the oxides but it satisfied all the requirements for LOI, hence CPA is a weak pozzolan
Application of Corn Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of
Interlocking Paving Stones
Authors: Raheem A.A , Adedokun S.I , Uthman Q.A , Adeyemi A.O , Oyeniyi O.M
Published: June 2020

As a way of converting agro-wastes into useful materials for the construction industry, this research considered the application of corn husk ash (CHA) as partial replacement for
ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of interlocking paving stones. The study investigated the oxide composition of CHA to ascertain its suitability as a pozzolanic material. Some properties of paving stones with CHA as a replacement for OPC were evaluated. The results showed that CHA is a good pozzolana having satisfied the required standards. The compressive strength of the specimens, with replacement levels ranging from 5 to 25% cured for periods of 3-56 days, was lower at early curing age but improved significantly at later age. Five percent (5%) replacement level showed increased strength compared to 0% CHA regardless of curing age. Density decreased with increasing CHA content, water absorption increased with CHA content, while abrasion resistance decreased with CHA substitution. The test results revealed that CHA paving stones at 5% replacement can attain higher strength than the conventional ones at longer curing periods due to its pozzolanic characteristics.
Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous
Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Okanlawon S.A , Odunjo O.O , Olaniyan S.A
Published: June 2020

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.
Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay in Ede, South-western, Nigeria
Authors: Adedokun S.I , Oluremi J.R , Adekilekun N.T , Adeola O.V
Published: June 2020

This paper investigated the effect of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the geotechnical properties of clay. Soil sample was collected from clay deposit at Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, which lies within the geographical coordinates of 7N and 4E, was treated with up to 10% CKD. Sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency limits, compaction (British Standard Light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on both treated and untreated soil samples. Results showed that Ede clay is an A-7- 6 soil. Specific gravity increased from 2.61 to 2.91 with increase in CKD from 0 to 10%, maximum dry density (MDD) of the natural soil sample increased from 1.72 and 1.76 g/m’ to 1.84 and 1.85 g/m’ at 8% CKD for BSL and WAS, respectively. The unsoaked CBR of the specimen increased from 17 to 35% for 0-10% addition of CKD, and a similar trend was observed for the 24 hours soaked CBR values. This study indicated that CKD, though regarded as waste material, can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of Ede clay.
Development of an Optimization Model of Water Abstraction on River Osun
Authors: Adegbola A.A , Adeyokunnu A.T , Olaniyan O.S
Published: June 2020

Water is vital for any life process and there can be no substitute for it, and water serves many other useful purposes. Water supply to residents in Osun State is inadequate due to non-existence of schedule planning for water abstraction by related body. This study investigated the development of an optimization model for water abstraction on River Osun. The model developed was a linear regression approach considering the effects of previous and current water abstraction. Fifty (50) years rainfall data collected from 1963-2012 were used to estimate corresponding runoff using rational approach method. The rainfall intensities were regressed against runoff and the corresponding generated runoff arrived at correlation co-efficient of 0.762 and 0.770, respectively. The water abstraction based on optimization model could serve as a hydrological input in the development of water abstraction by related body on River Osun. The developed optimization model is useful for effective river abstraction quantification
Labour productivity: Perception of site managers on building projects
Authors: Oladiran O.J , Onatayo D.
Published: June 2020

A successful construction project has many important components, one of which is labour. Many construction projects fail to achieve their goal due to poor labour productivity. Thus, this research evaluated labour productivity on building projects based on the perception of site managers. The objectives identified the factors that affect the productivity of construction operatives, examined the importance of factors affecting labour productivity, assessed the management policies to improve productivity of workers on site, and suggested solutions to the problem of labour productivity on building sites. The sample frame consisted of the 26 construction organizations registered with Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (L.C.C.I). Random sampling technique was used to administer 62 questionnaires to site managers of the building projects of the 26 construction organizations in the frame. Data obtained were analysed using frequency, mean and relative importance index. The findings showed that topmost among the factors that affect labour productivity are clarity of technical specification, equipment shortages, skill of labour, coordination level among design disciplines, payment delay, and material shortage with mean values of 4.24, 4.20, 4.20, 4.17 and 4.17 respectively. Training, welfare amenities and specialization with mean values of 4.36, 4.02 and 4.00 ranked highest among the management policies for improving operatives’ productivity. It is recommended that operatives should have access to equipment; payment should also be done promptly; in addition to organizations supporting operatives on regular training on relevant skills
Comparative studies on flexibility characteristics of steel and fanpalm reinforced two bay concrete portal frames
Authors: Raheem A.A , Audu M.T
Published: June 2020

Reinforced concrete constitutes over 90 % of the infrastructures in developing countries and over 75 % of constructed facilities in industrialized nations. Steel is the main material used as reinforcements in the structural members. Steel is expensive and the need to find alternative locally available, suitable material to steel is a quest to researchers. The use of Fanpalm, as a locally available material as reinforcement in place of steel in portal frames is the main focus of this study. The theoretical and experimental investigation of the flexural strengths, deflection characteristics and cracking behaviors of fanpalm/steel reinforced two bay concrete portal frames were examined. The result showed linear load-deflection curves up to the first crack, thereafter, a non linear relationship between the load and deflection occurred irrespective of the reinforcement used. The fanpalm reinforced portal frames exhibited larger deflections, increased crack numbers and crack widths compared with equivalent steel reinforced ones. The numbers of cracks formed and the load carrying capacities (flexural strength) of the frames up to failure point increased with increase in percentage of reinforcements.
Effects of Metakaolin and Nano clay on the Rheological and Flow Characteristics of Oil-Well Class G Cement Slurry
Authors: Salawudeen T.O , Arinkoola A.O , Salam K.K , Jimoh M.O , Dada E.O , Duru I.U , Aladeitan Y.M , Afolayan A.S , Olufayo O.A
Published: June 2020

The rheology of Oil-Well Cements (OWCs) [is generally more complicated than that of the conventional cement pastes. To contend with a wide range of pressure and temperature, several additives are used. The slurries, however, exhibit different rheological characteristics depending on the combination of admixture used. This research investigated the rheological properties of class G cement partially substituted with Metakaolin (MK) in the presence of Nano clay (NC) additives. The variables were randomized using 5 – 15% MK by weight of cement and 5 – 15% NC by weight of MK. The blends obtained were tested for rheology at the bottom hole circulating temperature (BHCT) of 70 oC. The result showed a high dependency of MK and NC admixture on the rheological properties of OWC slurries. The viscosity decreased significantly at high MK irrespective of the NC dosage. The MK in the range of 10 – 15% improved fluidity and required less energy to flow. On the contrary, the slurry with 100% Class G cement has higher values of yield stress and Gels at 10- seconds and 10-minutes, hence require more energy. The analysis showed the Herschel-Bulkley Model with Sum of Square Error (SSE) of 0.001329 and the coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.9982 adequately fitted the rheological behavior. The partial substitution using the MK and NC improved the pumpability and other rheological properties of the Class G cement.
Anaerobic Conversion of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste to Biogas: A Review
Authors: Agbede O.O , Aworanti O.A , Osuolale F.N , Adebayo A.O , Ogunleye O.O , Agarry S.E , Babatunde K.A
Published: June 2020

Huge quantity of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generated daily. This waste comprises a biodegradable portion which can be converted into biogas (bioenergy) by anaerobic digestion (AD). This study reviews MSW and its management, AD feedstock and their characteristics, factors affecting biogas production in a biodigester and anaerobic co-digestion of Organic Fraction of MSW (OFMSW) with other substrates. Municipal solid waste is managed through waste diversion (reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery) and waste disposal (controlled incineration, landfilling and controlled dumping). AD feedstock includes agricultural waste/residues, animal wastes, energy crops, food waste, forestry crops and residues, organic industrial waste and wastewater, weeds, aquatic algae, sewage and OFMSW. The essential factors that influence the production of biogas are temperature, pH, mixing rate, carbon/nitrogen ratio, organic loading rate, micro and macro-nutrient availability, retention time, nature of the feedstock and digester type. Anaerobic co-digestion of OFMSW with other substrates results in improved AD process stability, enhanced biogas productivity, maximization of the capacity of available feedstock for anaerobic digestion. It is also a cost-effective and improved technique to optimize anaerobic digestion process via the increase in nutrients and bacterial variety in substrates. The generation rate and composition of MSW, as well as the characteristics of OFMSW feedstock for anaerobic digestion, are required for the design of a full-scale biodigester for municipal use. The information provided in this review is invaluable to researchers, governments, industries and other stakeholders interested in anaerobic conversion of biodegradable solids to bioenergy.
Strength Properties of Rice Husk Ash Concrete with Shredded Pet Bottles as Coarse Aggregate Replacement
Authors: Akinleye M.T , Uthman Q.A , Abdulwahab A.A
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the strength properties of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) concrete with shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles as coarse aggregate partial replacement. Concrete mix, 1:2:4 was designed for all specimens with w/c of 0.5. Samples were prepared and examined at deferent replacement levels of cement with RHA (5, 10 and 15%) using shredded PET bottles (5, 10 and 15%) as coarse aggregate replacement. Concrete without RHA and shredded PET bottles served as control. A total number of 90 concrete cubes and 20 flexural beams were used to examine the strength properties of produced concrete specimens at 28 days. Results revealed that both compressive and flexural strengths of RHA-concrete decreased as the amount of shredded PET bottles increased. The compressive strengths obtained were 20.65, 17.44, 16.53 and 15.87 N/mm2 while the flexural strengths were 10.49, 6.63, 6.59 and 5.72 N/mm2 for 0, 5, 10 and 15% replacement levels respectively. This class of concrete could be used to produce both plain and reinforced concrete of light weight aggregate.
Assessment of Influence and Threshold Ratios of Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate as Pigments on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Emulsion Paint
Authors: Raheem A.A , Olowu O.A , Aladeloba A.E. , Hungbo A.A , Akinsanya A.Y
Published: June 2020

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) also known as Titanium White, is an inorganic, synthetic pigment used in paint to protect the substrate from harmful effects of ultraviolet light when lead pigments are regarded as toxic. However, its use is being limited since it causes flu-like symptoms, respiratory problem and skin irritation. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a chemical commonly used as an extender pigment in cement to provide bulkiness at relatively low cost. Because of the problem associated with TiO2, it is of importance to regulate and optimize the use of TiO2 relative to CaCO3 and their influence on the physico-mechanical properties of emulsion paints. Nine paint specimens were formulated using 0 – 80 grams per litre of TiO2 and 120 – 200 grams of CaCO3, respectively at 10 gram interval. The following tests were performed on them: specific gravity, viscosity, pH, surface drying time, hard drying time, wash-ability/adhesion and opacity tests, in accordance to Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) 278: 1990. The result shows that all samples met specifications of 10 poise maximum, 5%, 7.5-9.0, 20 minutes, 2 hours, and 201 minimum, for viscosity, specific gravity, pH, surface drying time, hard drying time and wash-ability/adhesion properties, respectively. However, six sample specimens only met the requirement of NIS 278:1990 of 2coats for good opacity. In conclusion, TiO2 has no negative effect on the other physio-mechanical properties except the opacity of the paint and so specimens 7, 8 and 9, and ratio 30:170 is considered the threshold values for the paint production.
Effect of Local Binary Mixtures of Coarse Aggregates on the Compressive Properties of Concrete
Authors: Eze O. K. , Nwankwo E.
Published: June 2020

Aggregates, though considered inert, are the primary components that define concrete’s thermal and elastic properties. It has been shown that factors such as maximum aggregate size, grading, shape, strength, water absorption capacity of coarse aggregates affect the properties of concrete. However, improper grading of coarse aggregate could have adverse effect on the amount of cement and water requirement for concrete production. Thus, impacting on the workability, pump-ability and durability of concrete. By maintaining a slump of 50 mm, the effect of varying sizes of coarse aggregates – 10 mm, 14 mm, 20 mm, and combination of these sizes – on the mechanical properties of concrete was obtained. Aggregates, which were used in this work, were sourced from quarries located in Auchi area of Edo State and had impact values between 16% and 28%. It was observed that the higher the coarse aggregate sizes the lower the water – cement (w/c) ratio required to obtain adequate workability. Also, the compressive strength of concrete was observed to be a function of the size of the coarse aggregates used in the concrete mix. It was observed that concrete made with equal proportions of 10 mm and 14 mm coarse aggregate had lower strengths compared to concrete made with 14 mm and 20 mm aggregates. This implies that combination of large sizes of aggregates produced stronger concrete when compared to combinations of smaller sizes of aggregates. It was also observed that density of concrete increased with increasing size of aggregates.
Application of Geospatial Techniques and Logistic Regression Model for Urban Growth Analysis in Limbe, Cameroon
Authors: Adzandeh E. A. , Alaigba D. , Nkemasong C. N.
Published: June 2020

Little is known about the nature of ecosystem loss, rampant changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and urban growth taking place in Limbe. The aim of this study is to analyze urban growth in Limbe, Cameroon from 1986-2019 using geospatial techniques and Logistic Regression Model (LRM). Landsat Thematic Mapper (1986), Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (2002) and Operational Land Imagery/Thermal Infrared Sensor (2019) were utilized in this study. The images were classified into land cover classes using supervised image classification algorithm in ENVI software. The classification output was subjected to LRM application to evaluate urban growth. Image difference of urban growth between 1986 and 2019 was calculated as dependent variable and the independent variables were produced by calculating the Euclidean distance and Buffer of built-up, waterbody, road and farmland as driving factor for urban growth. Future urban growth was determined for 2035 using the Land Change Modeler in IDRISI Selva. Classification overall accuracy for the three date were not less than 99%. LRM results show a good fit with relative operation characteristic of 0.8344 and Pseudo R2 of 0.21. Analysis of LULC shows that built-up increased from 3.5% (1986) to 17.6% (2019). An urban land expansion rate of about 23% was observed for 2035. Transition probability matrix revealed high probability (0.6345) of build-up to remaining build-up by 2035, while the probability for it changing to waterbody, bare land, farm land and vegetation are 0.1099, 0.0459, 0.1939 and 0.1221, respectively. This study successfully demonstrates the application of geo-spatial techniques and LRM for land use/land cover change detection and in understanding the urban growth dynamics. It also identifies the potential areas of future urban growth, which can help land use policy planners for making optimum decisions of land use planning and investment.
THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THE NORTH EASTERN STATES OF INDIA
Authors: Paranan Konwar
Published: June 2020

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) applies the direct method of measuring poverty using the Alkire and Foster (AF) approach. The study aims at analyzing the comparative study and trends of the multi-dimensional poverty among the north eastern states of India. The MPI value was continuing to be higher in Assam and Meghalaya over the decade (2005-06 to 2015-16). Vulnerability to poverty was estimated to be lower in Mizoram over the decade as compared to all India level. On the other hand, severity of poverty was higher in two states, Assam and Meghalaya as compared to the all India estimate (8.8%) between 2005-06 and 2015-16. In can be concluded Assam, a gateway to north east India, remains as multidimensionality poor as compared to all states of NE India. Vulnerability and severity of poverty are higher in Assam over the decades among the NE States. Thus, it is recommended for pro-poor strategy for Assam in health, education and standard of living to come out of multidimensional poverty.

KEYWORDS: MPI, Assam, North East India, Vulnerability of poverty, severity of poverty
Kepuasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Pelayanan Administrasi Akademik Fakultas Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan
Authors: Majid Abdul , Nurdiana Ratna , Mas’adah Ninik , Faizah Erna Nur , Astuti Suryani Yuli
Published: June 2020

This study aimed at determining students' satisfaction toward the BAAK FEB UMLA service based on tangibles, responsiveness, reliability, empathy, and confidence. This research was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The population of this research was semester II students of  Accounting and Management Study Program 2019-2020 as many as 41 students. The samples were obtained through Total Sampling. The data collection technique was attitude scale. Then the data were analyzed using trend test and percentage of a frequency distribution. The results of this study indicated: 1) Students' Satisfaction based on Tangibles aspects was 74.62%, 2) Students' Satisfaction based on Responsiveness aspects was 61.86%, 3) Students' Satisfaction based on Reliability aspects was 72.96%, 4) Students' Satisfaction based on Empathy aspects was 71.77%, 5) Students' Satisfaction based on Assurance aspects was 70.80%.
INFLUENCE OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF RIVER BASINS ON TAXONOMIC RICHNESS OF FLORA (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOM RIVER BASIN)
Authors: Sheremetov R. T. , Galakhov V. P.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with methodological issues of studying the influence of morphometric parameters of model basins (size, nature of the river network, shape) of the Tom river on the taxonomic structure of flora. Taking into account significant differences in the morphometric of river basins, which determine the diversity of environmental conditions in the Tomi river basin, 22 model basins were identified. Morphometric of model basins is determined by 25 parameters characterizing the main sizes of basins (area, length, width, height, etc.), features of the river network (length and number of rivers, etc.), as well as various forms of river basins. The indicators of floristic wealth are accepted: the number of species, the number of genera and the number of model pool families. The author considers the conditionality of taxonomic diversity of flora by morphometric characteristics of basins for three levels-species, genus and family. Morphological parameters of model basins vary widely, which determines the diversity of plant habitats. However, the size, features of the river network and shape are not equivalent to the richness of the flora. Taxonomic richness at each level (species, genus and family) depends primarily on the morphometric of river basins. It is established that the altitude parameters are significant, especially the maximum height, the amplitude of the height or fall of the river, and the dependence is high (α = 0,05 df = 20). The nature of the river network and the shape of the basins for taxonomic richness are not essential. The most important morphometric features of basins by the number of taxa of different hierarchical ranks include the same set of parameters of the basin, primarily the height and their maximum values, the amplitude of fluctuations in the height or fall of the river. At the species level, the significance of other parameters is much lower. A similar relationship is obtained at the genus and family levels. This changes not only the proximity of the relationship with the change in taxonomic rank, but also the number of the most significant morphometric parameters. The article contains 10 Tables, 27 References.
EVALUATION OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS LIVING IN NORTHERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Osin M. V. , Maltsev V. P.
Published: June 2020

The study focused on the physical development indicators in younger teens aged 11-12 (Group 1) and 13-14 (Group 2) living in northern conditions (Surgut, Russia). The data was collected and processed in spring from February through March 2020. The physical development, the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the functional body reserves were assessed by anthropometric and hemodynamic indicators. It was found that the physical development was harmonious in the majority of examined teenagers. Among elder teenagers, more boys had good physical development, while more elder girls showed signs of asthenization. Hemodynamic parameters reflected the improved functioning of the cardiovascular system in relation to age. The integrative indicators of heart rate hemodynamics and arterial blood pressure were above the age-sex norm, which indicates stress on the vital systems. The adaptation reserves in teenagers of both groups were reduced during the spring period: 47-66 % of teenagers in Group 1 and 57-68 % of teenagers in Group 2 demonstrated unsatisfactory adaptation indicators.
MONITORING OF NATURAL COMPLEXES WHILE DEVELOPING AND OPERATING THE FIELDS OF TIMAN-PECHORA OIL AND GAS PROVINCE
Authors: Storchak T. V. , Didenko I. N. , Didenko N. A.
Published: June 2020

Landscape monitoring is organized to monitor the state of natural complexes and their transformation. Monitoring of landscapes should ensure the identification of anthropogenic load, the dynamics of areas of anthropogenic impact, the degree of degradation of natural complexes. The Timan-Pechora oil and gas province is located on the territory of the Republic of Komi, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the adjacent water area of the Pechora Sea. The area of the province is 600 thousand km2. Currently, the development and extraction of mineral resources, mainly oil and gas, is actively underway in the territory under consideration. This is a complex process that requires the collaboration of many specialists, including ecologists. In the Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra, the dominant part of tundra landscapes are extremely sensitive to anthropogenic influence and the unorganized use of the available space will soon lead to the complete loss of their own functions, and their restoration will take a huge amount of time. In this paper, a basic field study method was chosen as the main method to study the landscape. Thanks to route observations, a complex landscape characteristic of the territory was compiled.
Programa de Matemática dos cursos industriais básicos da Escola Técnica Nacional (1942-1965)
Authors: Castor Maciel Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o programa de Matemática dos cursos industriais básicos de 1946 da Escola Técnica Nacional (ETN). Baseou-se na pesquisa histórica, fundamentado nas ideias de Chervel (1990), Viñao (2008) e Goodson (1997) em relação à história das disciplinas escolares. Como fonte, utilizou-se um programa encontrado no relatório de 1946 da institui. Também foram utilizados outros documentos para realizar a análise. O programa proposto tem apresentação de conteúdos em forma simples e objetiva. Ao confrontarmos o programa da ETN com o programa do curso ginasial, verificamos que havia semelhanças entre eles. Sob a perspectiva dos conteúdos fixados e do ensino praticado, também observamos que havia uma harmonia entre esses itens. Dessa forma, concluímos que tal programa era parecido com o programa do ginásio.
Risk Assessment of Drifting Sand in Agricultural Lands in Basrah Province with the aid of ‘3S’ Techniques
Authors: Jabbar Mushtak T. , M. Baer Eric , M.S. Al-Atab Salah
Published: June 2020

There is a growing need to systematically assessment of drifting sand risk using Geo-information and related technologies for speed and accuracy. The drifting sand map in the southern part of Iraq was established with objective of providing the risk areas of soil loss and the methodology for spatial modeling with Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) and Geo-information techniques. This analysis was carried out using ‘3S’ technologies [Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Position System (GPS)], with the layers extracted and manipulated from available topographic, climatic and soil maps, as well as satellite image (Thematic Mapping (TM) in 2003 and Enhanced Thematic Mapping (ETM) in 2016) and field survey data analyses. Each of the WEQ factors was digitally encoded in a GIS database to establish each factor’s layers. Simultaneously, the overlay operation with the WEQ model on the factor’s layers was digitally performed to produce the sandy degradation class. The study indicated that the severe erosion class covering an area of about 61.9% of the total area is very high with the degraded vegetation and is located in the southwest part of Iraq. Iraq faces serious environmental degradation problems that must be addressed immediately; failure to do so will greatly compound the cost and complexity of later remedial efforts, with environmental degradation beginning even now to pose a major threat to human well-being, especially among the poor.