bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Evaluation on the Traffic State of an Urban Gated Community by Opening the Micro-Inter-Road Network
Authors: Dong Lin , Rinoshika Akira , Tang Zhixian
Published: August 2018

The opening of a gated community to expand the micro-road network in an urban traffic system is an importance research topic related to urban congestion. To satisfy the demands of opening an early choosing case, this paper proposes a comprehensive selection framework on qualified communities and their appropriate opening times by describing the traffic state at the boundary road network accurately. The traffic entropy model and fuzzy c-means (FCM) method are used in this paper. In the framework, a new opening evaluation entropy model is built using basic theory of the thermodynamic traffic entropy method. The traffic state entropy values of the boundary road network and entropy production are calculated to determinate the opening time. In addition, a specific fuzzy range evaluation standard at a preset gated community is drawn with an FCM algorithm to verify the opening determination. A case study based on the traffic information in a simulated gated community in Shanghai is evaluated and proves that the findings of opening evaluation are in accordance with the actual situation. It is found that the micro-inter-road network of a gated community should be opened as the entropy value reaches 2.5. As the travel time is less than 20 s, the correlation between the opening entropy value and the journey delay time exhibits a good linear correlation, which indicates smooth traffic flow.
Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring’s Health Outcome
Authors: Li Gerard , Saad Sonia , Oliver Brian G. , Chen Hui
Published: August 2018

Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
Antiviral Defense in Invertebrates
Authors: Flenniken Michelle L.
Published: August 2018

n/a
Water Compensation and Its Implication of the Three Gorges Reservoir for the River-Lake System in the Middle Yangtze River, China
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Feng Luojie , Chen Lu , Wang Dangwei , Dai Minglong , Xu Wensheng , Yan Tao
Published: August 2018

Dam construction is an important means to improve water use efficiency and the aquatic environment. However, the flow regulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the middle Yangtze River has attracted much attention because the severe drought occurred in the river-lake system downstream of the TGR. In this paper, the Dongting Lake was selected as a case study in order to detect the possible relationship between the flow regulation of the TGR and the extreme drought in the river-lake system based on a coupled hydrodynamic model. The results not only confirmed the significant role of the TGR to relieve drought in the river-lake system, but also indicated that the outflow of the TGR and the hydraulic gradient between the Zhicheng to Chenglingji stations were the crucial factors to affect the water exchange between the rivers and the Dongting Lake. The adjustment of hydraulic gradient within a proper range during the water compensation of the TGR will be an effective measure to improve the water exchange and water environment in the river-lake system. These findings present the quantitative influence of these important factors on the water exchange between rivers and lakes and provide a scientific reference for environmental and ecological management of other river-lake systems.
Benthic Diatoms of the Ying River (Huaihe River Basin, China) and Their Application in Water Trophic Status Assessment
Authors: Shen Rongrong , Ren Hongye , Yu Pan , You Qingmin , Pang Wanting , Wang Quanxi
Published: August 2018

Benthic diatoms are an indispensable link of the water ecological system in terms of energy flow and material cycling, and they directly or indirectly reflect the status of the water environment. We sampled benthic diatoms and environmental factors from April to May of 2013 from 53 sites along the Ying River to study their application in local water trophic status assessment, with a focus on the dominant benthic diatom species, their composition and distribution pattern, and the relationship between benthic diatoms and environmental factors. A total of 370 species and varieties were identified, belonging to 56 genera and six orders. The dominant species were as follows: Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow, Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Navicula aitchelbee L. L. Bahls, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) Smith, Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing, Navicula submuralis Hustedt and Mayamaea atomus (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot. The Ying River was divided into five orders using the Strahler method and three regions according to total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen. In region Y-1, which had the lowest nutrient level, the dominant species was Achnanthidium minutissimum. In region Y-2, which had the highest nutrient level, Navicula aitchelbee, Nitzschia palea, and Cyclotella meneghiniana were dominant, while in region Y-3, which had moderate nutrient levels, Nitzschia inconspicua was dominant. Pearson’s correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed a significant correlation between the environmental factors with dominant species and diatom indices (especially the SPI). Our study indicates that dominant species and diatom indices can, to some extent, indicate the environment, especially nutrient distribution.
Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model
Authors: Molina-Sánchez Emiliano , Leyva-Díaz Juan Carlos , Cortés-García Francisco Joaquín , Molina-Moreno Valentín
Published: August 2018

The optimization of water management in industrial processes is paramount in diminishing or mitigating, as far as possible, the negative externalities generated by its current use within the linear economy model. This research presents methods for the optimization of wastewater from paper mills which are associated with the new sustainability and circular economy model. In this way, the concept of circular economy was applied to the wastewater treatment from a paper mill, with the objective of recovering the resources contained in this type of effluent. The wastewater treatment plant is based on a biological reactor of activated sludge, and treats a flow of 4868 m3·day−1. This study proposes the development and evaluation of indicators of circular economy applied to wastewater from a paper mill, as well as the assessment of the removal performance of color, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are higher than 96% in all cases. Per 1 m3 of wastewater from a paper mill, a volume of 0.9 m3 of potentially reusable water and a recovered sludge mass of 0.7 kg are generated; the latter is reused as a mineral filler during the process itself. In light of this, a multivariable statistical analysis was applied to determine the relationship of the operation variables and indicators of circular economy. In this way, wastewater from the paper mill can be regarded as a technological nutrient, which is partially reintroduced into the production process, enabling the recovery of the water and mineral fillers that it contains.
A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO2/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Letertre Laurie , Roche Roland , Douhéret Olivier , Kassa Hailu G , Mariolle Denis , Chevalier Nicolas , Borowik Łukasz , Dumas Philippe , Grévin Benjamin , Lazzaroni Roberto , Leclère Philippe
Published: August 2018

The nanoscale morphology of photoactive hybrid heterojunctions plays a key role in the performances of hybrid solar cells. In this work, the heterojunctions consist of a nanocolumnar TiO2 surface covalently grafted with a monolayer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) functionalized with carboxylic groups (–COOH). Through a joint analysis of the photovoltaic properties at the nanoscale by photoconductive-AFM (PC-AFM) and surface photovoltage imaging, we investigated the physical mechanisms taking place locally during the photovoltaic process and the correlation to the nanoscale morphology. A down-shift of the vacuum level of the TiO2 surface upon grafting was measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), evidencing the formation of a dipole at the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface. Upon in situ illumination, a positive photovoltage was observed as a result of the accumulation of photogenerated holes in the P3HT layer. A positive photocurrent was recorded in PC-AFM measurements, whose spatial mapping was interpreted consistently with the corresponding KPFM analysis, offering a correlated analysis of interest from both a theoretical and material design perspective.
The Local Cluster Survey. I. Evidence of Outside-in Quenching in Dense Environments
Authors: Finn Rose A. , Desai Vandana , Rudnick Gregory , Balogh Michael , Haynes Martha P. , Jablonka Pascale , Koopmann Rebecca A. , Moustakas John , Peng Chien Y. , Poggianti Bianca , Rines Kenneth , Zaritsky Dennis
Published: August 2018

The goal of the Local Cluster Survey is to look for evidence of environmentally driven quenching among star-forming galaxies in nearby galaxy groups and clusters. Quenching is linked with environment and stellar mass, and much of the current observational evidence comes from the integrated properties of galaxies. However, the relative size of the stellar and star-forming disk is sensitive to environmental processing and can help identify the mechanisms that lead to a large fraction of quenched galaxies in dense environments. Toward this end, we measure the size of the star-forming disks for 224 galaxies in nine groups and clusters (0.02 < z < 0.04; SFR > 0.1 M
⊙ yr−1) using 24 μm imaging from the Spitzer Space Telescope. We normalize the 24 μm effective radius (R
24) by the size of the stellar disk (R

d
). We find that star-forming galaxies with higher bulge-to-total ratios (B/T) and galaxies in more dense environments have more centrally concentrated star formation. Comparison with H i mass fractions and NUV − r colors indicates that a galaxy’s transition from gas-rich and blue to depleted and red is accompanied by an increase in the central concentration of star formation. We build a simple model to constrain the timescale over which the star-forming disks shrink in the cluster environment. Our results are consistent with a long-timescale (>2 Gyr) mechanism that produces outside-in quenching, such as the removal of the extended gas halo or weak stripping of the cold disk gas.
Constraints on Cosmic-ray Acceleration Efficiency in Balmer Shocks of Two Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Hovey Luke , Hughes John P. , McCully Curtis , Pandya Viraj , Eriksen Kristoffer
Published: August 2018

We present results from an optical study of two young Balmer-dominated remnants of SNIa in the Large Magellanic Cloud, 0509−67.5 and 0519−69.0, in an attempt to search for signatures of efficient cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration. We combine proper motion measurements with corresponding optical spectroscopic measurements of the Hα line at multiple rim positions from VLT/FORS2 and SALT/RSS and compare our results to published Balmer shock models. Analyses of the optical spectra result in broad Hα widths in the range of 1800–4000 km s−1 for 12 separate Balmer-dominated filaments that show no evidence for forbidden line emission; the corresponding shock speeds from proper motion measurements from HST span a range of 1700–8500 km s−1. Our measured values of shock speeds and broad Hα widths in 0509−67.5 and 0519−69.0 are fit well with a Balmer shock model that does not include effects of efficient CR acceleration. We determine an upper limit of 7%/χ (95% confidence) on the CR acceleration efficiency for our ensemble of data points, where χ is the ionization fraction of the pre-shock gas. The upper limits on the individual remnants are 6%/χ (0509−67.5) and 11%/χ (0519−69.0). These upper limits are below the integrated CR acceleration efficiency in the Tycho supernova remnant, where the shocks predominantly show little Hα emission, indicating that Balmer-dominated shocks are not efficient CR accelerators.
Gaia–ESO Survey: INTRIGOSS—A New Library of High-resolution Synthetic Spectra
Authors: Franchini Mariagrazia , Morossi Carlo , Di Marcantonio Paolo , Chavez Miguel , Gilmore Gerry , Randich Sofia , Flaccomio Ettore , Koposov Sergey E. , Korn Andreas J. , Bayo Amelia , Carraro Giovanni , Casey Andy , Franciosini Elena , Hourihane Anna , Jofré Paula , Lardo Carmela , Lewis James , Magrini Laura , Morbidelli Lorenzo , Sacco G. G. , Worley Clare , Zwitter Tomaz
Published: August 2018

We present a high-resolution synthetic spectral library, INTRIGOSS, designed for studying FGK stars. The library is based on atmosphere models computed with specified individual element abundances via ATLAS12 code. Normalized SPectra (NSPs) and surface Flux SPectra (FSP) in the wavelength range 4830–5400 Å were computed with the SPECTRUM code. INTRIGOSS uses the solar composition of Grevesse et al. and four [α/Fe] abundance ratios, and consists of 15,232 spectra. The synthetic spectra are computed with astrophysical gf-values derived by comparing synthetic predictions with a solar spectrum of very high signal-to-noise ratio and the UVES-U580 spectra of five cool giants. The validity of the NSPs is assessed by using the UVES-U580 spectra of 2212 stars observed in the framework of the Gaia–ESO (European Southern Observatory) survey and characterized by homogeneous and accurate atmospheric parameter values and by detailed chemical compositions. The greater accuracy of NSPs with respect to spectra from the synthetic spectral libraries AMBRE, GES_Grid, PHOENIX, C14, and B17 is demonstrated by evaluating the consistency of the predictions of the different libraries for stars in the UVES-U580 sample. The validity of the FSPs is checked by comparing their prediction with both the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) and spectral indices. The comparison of FSPs with SEDs derived from the libraries ELODIE, INDO–U.S., and MILES indicates that the former reproduce the observed flux distributions within a few per cent and without any systematic trend. The good agreement between observational and synthetic Lick/SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) indices shows that the predicted blanketing of FSPs well reproduces the observed one, thus confirming the reliability of INTRIGOSS FSPs.
Blue Straggler Stars beyond the Milky Way. II. A Binary Origin for Blue Straggler Stars in Magellanic Cloud Clusters
Authors: Sun Weijia , Li Chengyuan , Grijs Richard de , Deng Licai
Published: August 2018

We have analyzed populations of blue straggler stars (BSSs) in 24 Magellanic Cloud (MC) star clusters using multi-passband Hubble Space Telescope images. We compiled a homogeneous BSS database, containing both traditional and evolved BSSs. We uncovered a sublinear correlation between the number of BSSs in the cluster cores and the clusters’ core masses, characterized by a power-law index of 0.51 ± 0.07. For low stellar collision rates, the mass-normalized number of BSSs depends only weakly (or perhaps not at all) on the collision rate, implying that the binary-driven BSS formation channel dominates. Comparison with simulations suggests that stellar collisions contribute less than 20% to the total number of BSSs formed. Further tests, including the analysis of the BSS-specific frequencies and their population numbers at larger cluster radii, suggest that binary interactions may be their main formation channel, hinting at an anti-correlation between a cluster’s binary fraction and its core mass.
Average Opacity Calculation for Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Nagy Andrea P.
Published: August 2018

Supernovae (SNe) are among the most intensely studied objects of modern astrophysics, but due to their complex physical nature, theoretical models are essential to better understand these exploding stars, as well as the properties of the variation of the emitted radiation. One possibility for modeling SNe light curves (LCs) is the construction of a simplified semianalytic model, which can be used for getting order-of magnitude estimates of the SN properties. One of the strongest simplifications in most of these LC models is the assumption of the constant Thomson-scattering opacity that can be determined as the average opacity of the ejecta. Here we present a systematic analysis for estimating the average opacity in different types of core-collapse supernovae that can be used as the constant opacity of the ejecta in simplified semianalytic models. To use these average opacities self-consistently during LC fit, we estimate their values from hydrodynamic simulations. In this analysis, we first generate MESA stellar models with different physical parameters (initial mass, metallicity, and rotation), which determine the mass-loss history of the model star. Then we synthesize SN LCs from these models with the SNEC hydrodynamic code and calculate the Rosseland mean opacity in every mass element. Finally, we compute the average opacities by integrating these Rosseland mean opacities. As a result, we find that the average opacities from our calculations show adequate agreement with the opacities generally used in previous studies.
z ∼ 2.5–3 Ionizers in the GOODS-N Field
Authors: Jones L. H. , Barger A. J. , Cowie L. L. , Oesch P. , Hu E. M. , Songaila A. , Naidu R. P.
Published: August 2018

We use deep F275W imaging from the Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey (HDUV) and G280 grism spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3, along with new and archival optical spectra from Keck/DEIMOS, to search for candidate ionizing sources in the GOODS-N field at z ∼ 2.5–3. Spectroscopic identification of our UV-selected sources are 99% complete to F275W = 25.5 in the region of the UV imaging, and we identify six potential ionizing galaxies or active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 3. By far the brightest of these is a z = 2.583 AGN that totally dominates the ionizing flux in the region, with a specific ionizing volume emissivity at 912 Å of

erg s−1 Hz−1 Mpc−3. Based on our spectroscopic data, we find that four candidates are contaminated by foreground galaxies at z ∼ 0.5–0.7. At

erg s−1 Hz−1 Mpc−3, the remaining candidate galaxy’s contribution to the ionizing background lies well below the flux required to ionize the intergalactic medium at z ∼ 2.5–3, consistent with previous observations that show that AGNs provide the bulk of the ionizing background at these redshifts.
A Photoionization Reflectron Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometric Study on the Formation of Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) in Interstellar Analog Ices
Authors: Bergantini Alexandre , Zhu Cheng , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: August 2018

This work investigates the synthesis of complex organic molecules with special focus on acetic acid (CH3COOH) via experiments involving the processing of astrophysical model ices of carbon dioxide–methane (CO2–CH4) by low doses of ionizing radiation, exposing the initial bond-breaking processes and successive reactions initiated by energetic electrons generated in the track of galactic cosmic-ray particles penetrating ice-coated interstellar grains, deep inside molecular clouds in their early stages of evolution. The key results were obtained through single photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) and exploiting isotopically labeled samples (C18O2–CH4; CO2–CD4). Not only acetic acid (CH3COOH), along with fragments of acetic acid dimers (CH3COOH)2, but also the hitherto elusive interstellar methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and the hydrocarbons ethane (C2H6) and butane (C4H10), along with species belonging to C2H4O, C2H6O, and C3H6O2 isomers, are swiftly formed via suprathermal reactions at doses of only 0.88 ± 0.12 eV per molecule of carbon dioxide and 0.32 ± 0.04 eV per molecule of methane, which is equivalent to doses deposited in just (2.0 ± 0.5) × 106 yr in a typical molecular cloud. The results suggest further that the search for acetic acid dimers (CH3COOH)2 toward star-forming regions has a significant potential to be successful. Finally, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and dimethyl peroxide (CH3OOCH3), as identified previously in our laboratory, are predicted to be present in the interstellar medium, thus providing a homologous series of peroxides—HOOH, CH3OOH, and CH3OOCH3—to shed light on the interstellar oxygen chemistry.
A VLBI Distance and Transverse Velocity for PSR B1913+16
Authors: Deller A. T. , Weisberg J. M. , Nice D. J. , Chatterjee S.
Published: August 2018

Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we have made astrometric observations of the binary pulsar B1913+16 spanning an 18-month period in 2014–2015. From these observations we make the first determination of the annual geometric parallax of B1913+16, measuring

mas (68% confidence interval). The inferred parallax probability distribution differs significantly from a Gaussian. Using our parallax measurement and prior information on the spatial and luminosity distributions of the millisecond pulsar population, we infer a distance of

kpc, which is significantly closer than the 9.8 ± 3.1 kpc suggested by the pulsar’s dispersion measure (DM) and analyses of the ionized interstellar medium. While the relatively low significance of the parallax detection (∼3σ) currently precludes an improved test of general relativity using the orbital decay of PSR B1913+16, ongoing observations with improved control of systematic astrometric errors could reach the 10% distance uncertainty required for this goal. The proper motion measured by our Very Long Baseline Interferometry astrometry differs substantially from that obtained by pulsar timing, a discrepancy that has also been found between the proper motion measurements made by interferometers and pulsar timing for some other pulsars, which we speculate is the result of timing noise or DM variations in the timing data set. Our parallax and proper motion measurements yield a transverse velocity of

km s−1 in the solar reference frame. Analysis incorporating galactic rotation and solar motion finds that the space velocity of the pulsar relative to its standard of rest has a component

km s−1 perpendicular to the galactic plane and components on the order of 100 km s−1 parallel to the galactic plane.
Large-amplitude Blazar Polarization Angle Swing as a Signature of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Haocheng , Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: August 2018

Relativistic magnetic reconnection events may exist in magnetized plasmas in astrophysical systems. During this process, oppositely directed magnetic field lines reconnect and release magnetic energy, efficiently accelerating nonthermal particles. However, so far there is little clear observational signatures of relativistic magnetic reconnection events in astrophysical systems. Blazars are relativistic magnetized plasma outflows from supermassive black holes. Their multi-wavelength flares may be powered by relativistic magnetic reconnection. The highly variable radiation and polarization signatures are well covered by multi-wavelength observation campaigns, making them ideal targets to examine the magnetic reconnection model. Recent observations have found that several blazar flares are accompanied by optical polarization angle swings that may have an amplitude as large as >180°, challenging existing theoretical models. In this Letter, we present integrated particle-in-cell and polarized radiation transfer simulations of magnetic reconnection events. We find that plasmoid coalescences in the reconnection layer can give rise to highly variable light curves, low and fluctuating polarization degree, and rotating polarization angle. In particular, large-amplitude polarization angle swings, similar to those observed during blazar flares, can be a unique signature of relativistic magnetic reconnection events.
Revision of the World species of the genus Chromoteleia Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Scelioninae)
Authors: Chen Hua-yan , Talamas Elijah J. , Valerio Alejandro A. , Masner Lubomír , Johnson Norman F.
Published: August 2018

The genusChromoteleiaAshmead is revised. Twenty-seven species are recognized, of which six species are redescribed:C.congoana(Risbec),C.connectensKieffer,C.fuscicornisKieffer,C.longitarsisKieffer,C.semicyaneaAshmead,C.tricarinataKieffer; and twenty-one species are described as new:C.aequalisChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.alternataChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.bidensChen & Masner,sp. n.,C.copiosaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.cuneusChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.curtaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.depilisChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.disparChen & Masner,sp. n.,C.fengChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.fossaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.ingensChen & Masner,sp. n.,C.levitasChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.longaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.mauraChen & Masner,sp. n.,C.parvitasChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.pilusChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.planaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.raraChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.robustaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.semiluteaChen & Johnson,sp. n.,C.sparsaChen & Johnson,sp. n.ChromoteleiarufithoraxKieffer remains a valid species, but its identity and status are unclear. All species are known only from the Neotropical region except forChromoteleiacongoana(Resbec) which only occurs in Africa.
Practice Variations in the Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Canada
Authors: Keeling Stephanie O. , Bissonauth Asvina , Bernatsky Sasha , Vandermeer Ben , Fortin Paul R. , Gladman Dafna D. , Peschken Christine , Urowitz Murray B.
Published: August 2018

Objective.

To evaluate the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Canada.

Methods.

A 63-question electronic survey was developed with the Canadian Rheumatology Association and others. Descriptive analyses of responses were performed.

Results.

Survey respondents (n = 175) reported varying practices in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of SLE. Performance of laboratory investigations for diagnosis and monitoring varied, with 78% of responders performing them at least every 6 months. Validated measures of SLE disease activity and damage were not commonly used. Most common first-line agents besides steroids for induction therapy for class III or IV lupus nephritis included intravenous cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil. Antimalarial use was common, with 96% of respondents using these in active skin disease. Over 60% of respondents indicated that 80–100% of their patients were taking antimalarials, while another 25% indicated they used these drugs in up to 80% of their patients. There were 71% of responders who reported completing frequent (6–12 mos) ophthalmology screening in patients taking antimalarials. Biologics were infrequently used. Responders were more likely to stop azathioprine and chloroquine than hydroxychloroquine in pregnant patients with SLE. Other aspects of routine care including vaccination and cardiovascular risk management varied considerably. The majority (80%) agreed that a dedicated multidisciplinary care team would improve SLE care.

Conclusion.

Considerable practice variation in SLE management was noted. This may help inform future recommendations for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of SLE in Canada.
Produire, consommer, vivre : les pratiques économiques du quotidien dans la Syrie en guerre (2011-2018)
Authors: Vignal Leïla
Published: August 2018

À partir de l’exemple de la Syrie des années 2010, cet article vise à saisir les modalités de transformation de l’économie dans la guerre. À distance des études consacrées aux économies de guerre, il explore ce que devient, en temps de guerre, le quotidien économique – produire, consommer, vivre –, y compris dans le chaos des destructions, de l’effondrement du cadre collectif et des logiques partisanes, militaires ou miliciennes. Pour comprendre la reproduction du quotidien économique dans la guerre, nous identifions les innovations mais aussi les continuités de pratiques économiques (prédation et auto-organisation) qui étaient en cours dans l’État autoritaire de l’avant-guerre. Nous procédons en analysant tout d’abord la contraction des échelles de l’économie syrienne à partir de l’exemple de l’activité industrielle. Ensuite, nous montrons le déploiement d’une « économie du passage », c'est-à-dire d’un système de production de valeurs mis en place par de multiples acteurs et qui exploite la fragmentation de l’espace et des mobilités. Enfin, nous explorons le quotidien économique de la population, qui s’articule depuis l’échelle locale jusqu’aux échelles internationales.
Les caveaux funéraires mégalithiques de la vallée de l’Euphrate au Bronze Ancien
Authors: Kepinski Christine
Published: August 2018

Le caveau funéraire de Tilbeshar, exemple unique en Turquie, se rattache à un petit corpus de tombes mégalithiques, familiales et à utilisation multiple, de la vallée de l’Euphrate, région riche de pratiques funéraires variées. Elles renferment toujours des offrandes abondantes, exotiques et précieuses. Le nombre considérable de pots en céramique induit des banquets et des rituels élaborés et réguliers ; ceux-ci sont mentionnés dans les sources écrites. Elles sont utilisées durant quelques siècles contemporains de processus de mutations sociopolitiques importantes, de l’émergence de grandes villes et vraisemblablement de structures de domination fondées sur des liens de parenté. Elles soulignent et maintiennent le statut de certaines familles.
Defining residential Graves
Authors: Laneri Nicola
Published: August 2018

Since prehistoric times, the use of graves built within private houses has been a common burial custom of both Old and New World societies. Although efforts have been made by scholars to interpret the role these graves had in constructing the social, cultural and economic organization of ancient societies, there has been no attempt to clearly define the use of basic terminology, such as ‘intramural’, for this category of funerary depositions.The paper here presented will thus aim at defining a more coherent typology of ‘residential graves’ (i.e., a built tomb embedded within a dwelling and contemporary with it) and distinguish it from other types of funerary depositions that were part of the settlement (i.e. cists, pits, pithoi), but that are difficult to connect with the collective memory of the community. Such an epistemological exercise will facilitate interpretations carried out by scholars interested in mortuary archaeology and will also define the socio-economic value of residential graves as part of the construction of the familial memory. Moreover, to further elucidate the definition of residential graves I will also present a specific case study (i.e., Titriş Höyük during the late IIIrd millennium BC) in which the use of such funerary depositions was pivotal for framing the emergence of a new social class.
Quelques réflexions sur les tombes intra-muros en Anatolie centrale au IIe millénaire AC
Authors: Patrier Julie
Published: August 2018

Les pratiques funéraires en Anatolie centrale au IIe millénaire aC n’ont pratiquement jamais fait l’objet d’études jusqu’ici. J’ai donc entrepris de traiter cette question, dans le cadre de l’ANR “ViGMA. Vivre, grandir, mourir dans l’Antiquité : Rites de passage individuels au Proche-Orient ancien”, dirigée par Alice Mouton (CNRS, Strasbourg), en m’attachant plus particulièrement aux offrandes alimentaires faites aux morts.Dans cette contribution, je m’intéresse plus spécifiquement aux tombes intra-muros découvertes en Anatolie centrale au IIe millénaire aC. Après avoir présenté leurs typologies, je tente de les replacer dans le contexte historique et géographique envisagé.Fort rares sont les études portant sur les tombes intra-muros d’Anatolie centrale au IIe millénaire aC1. Il m’a donc semblé intéressant d’en proposer une vue d’ensemble dans le cadre de ces deuxièmes rencontres de l’IFEA consacrées au Mort dans la ville. Le but n’est pas de présenter une étude exhaustive, les problématiques touchant aux pratiques funéraires liées à ces tombes intra-muros ne pouvant être abordées dans leur ensemble ici, mais plutôt de proposer un premier état des connaissances en brossant, en premier lieu, un panorama général (état de la question, présentation des sources) avant de s’intéresser plus particulièrement à la situation spécifique de la période des comptoirs assyriens de Cappadoce (environ 1945-1680 aC). Certains aspects ne seront abordés que sous forme de questions auxquelles il ne sera pas toujours possible de répondre, faute le plus souvent de documentation. Par ailleurs, il me faut préciser que cet article rend compte de recherches en cours. Les conclusions qui seront livrées ici se veulent donc préliminaires.
Un tumulus en ville
Authors: Henry Olivier
Published: August 2018

La tombe mise au jour au centre de la ville d’Hyllarima n’est pas la seule structure intra-muros connue en Carie1. Elle reste cependant atypique à de nombreux égards. Que ce soit par son architecture innovante, par son implantation inhabituelle - à l’écart du centre administratif de la cité - ou par les liens qui semblent l’unir à d’autres structures parfois fort éloignées, cette tombe semble s’imposer comme le centre tant géographique qu’idéologique d’un vaste domaine taillé aux confins de la Carie.
Maussollos’s Mnema
Authors: McGowan Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Undoubtedly the most renowned example of intramural burial in antiquity was the Maussolleion at Halicarnassus. Since its rediscovery within the writing of Vitruvius, Pliny and other ancient authors by Renaissance architects its form has been a frequent subject of speculation. The results of the archaeological campaigns of the 19th and 20th centuries have allowed the discussion to encompass an aesthetic evaluation of the temple-tomb’s actual remains. The Maussolleion’s seemingly disparate assortment of architectural forms, which samples motifs from prominent Mediterranean cultures (Lykian podium, Greek temple, and Egyptian pyramid) has been characterized as the ultimate statement in bad taste by a self-aggrandizing satrap. In order, however, to understand the architect’s and patron’s intentions it is necessary to reach beyond the superficial reading of the Maussolleion as an omnium-gatherum of architectural and sculptural ornament. An analysis of the iconography of the architectural and sculptural elements which (according to Roman sources and corroborated by archaeological evidence) were combined in the Mausolleion’s design reveals that the motifs were chosen to bring to mind, and to improve on previous, well- known building programs. Not only does the temple architecture central to the design justify the building visually as a place of worship, but specific architectural forms and sculptural subjects appear to draw on the religious buildings of the most important city of the Mediterranean in the 5th century BC, Athens. In the case of the Mausolleion it is a question not of Maussollos’s (or his architect’s) lack of understanding of the conventions that govern architectural forms and styles, but rather of a highly informed, positive solution to the unusual problem of how to incorporate a massive burial monument within the walls of the redesigned city of Halikarnassos, promote Maussollos on a divine scale, and signal Halikarnassos as a major urban center of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC.
Die intraurbanen Grabmäler der klassischen Periode in Limyra
Authors: Seyer Martin
Published: August 2018

Four tomb buildings of the Classical period are located within the city walls of Limyra: The Heroon of king Perikle and the remains of a tumulus, both at the acropolis; the hyposorion-sarcophagus of Xñtabura to the east of the Roman theatre, and an unfinished hyposorion sarcophagus directly above the excavated houses in the northwestern part of the living quarter. In general they are all regarded as intramural burials but as neither the city wall nor the tombs can be dated precisely the question arises, whether the term really is correct.
Temporalités du street art et image des territoires en mutation
Authors: Kullmann Clotilde
Published: August 2018

Cet article propose d’étudier les modalités et certains effets de la production et de la valorisation du street art, en tant que pratique légale et encadrée par les autorités publiques, pour valoriser l’image des territoires en mutation, à partir du cas de la Zone d’Aménagement Concerté Paris Rive Gauche dans le 13e arrondissement de Paris. Une première partie porte sur les signaux de la reconnaissance du street art en tant qu’agent de formation d’une image urbaine positive, par les acteurs de l’aménagement et de l’art, puis montre comment la pratique s’alimente des caractéristiques et de l’expérience de la mutation urbaine pour générer cette image. Une seconde partie s’attache à plusieurs effets du succès du street art dans le temps plus ou moins long. D’une part, elle met en avant une pérennisation des formes de la pratique artistique et interroge ses impacts sur les modalités des productions. D’autre part, elle démontre que la promotion du street art attire en retour le graffiti, susceptible d’enrichir l’image urbaine selon les critères d’acceptation des autorités publiques.
Déjouer la Ville Créative ?
Authors: Sallenave Léa
Published: August 2018

En 2014, le parti écologique d’Éric Piolle remporte les municipales grenobloises. Il accepte de soutenir un nouveau festival, le Grenoble Street art Fest’. Ainsi, depuis 2015, les murs se couvrent d’images fictionnelles inédites et renouvellent l’étiquetage de la cité : elle est à la fois « branchée » et « populaire », attractive et accessible à tous. Comme toute initiative s’inscrivant dans le domaine public, celle-ci est lue tantôt de manière positive (ce festival serait un outil de valorisation territoriale, de cohésion sociale luttant contre les fragmentations spatiales), tantôt de façon critique (il déconsidérerait certains graffeurs, relèverait d’une faible qualité artistique). Quoi qu’il en soit, le festival devient prétexte pour questionner le rôle des images de rue in et off. Elles permettent d’analyser une façon dont peuvent se construire les territoires.
Valorisation territoriale du street art : le cas de la commune d’Abobo (Côte-d’Ivoire)
Authors: Sagnon Ibrahima , Teninan Hugues Ouattara , Grah Félix Béchi
Published: August 2018

Le street art ou l’art urbain est un mouvement artistique contemporain qui regroupe toutes les formes d’art réalisées dans les rues et espaces publics. En Côte d’Ivoire, depuis l’année 2000, le street art est entré dans les mœurs des jeunes. Au fil des années, l’art urbain se repend jusqu’atteindre des gouvernants et s’institutionnalise avec l’implication de la commune d’Abobo. À l’origine, le street art donnait une image précaire aux espaces publics. Dans sa phase d’institutionnalisation, il contribue de façon périodique à la valorisation du territoire communal. De ces constats, se dégage le problème d’appropriation illégale d’espaces publics à travers des formes d’art. L’étude vise à révéler les logiques qui sous-tendent l’institutionnalisation du street art dans la commune d’Abobo. Il résulte de cette étude, la construction d’une citoyenneté et des trajectoires de politisation par le canal de l’art urbain.
Sciences sociales et politiques agricoles – Une analyse socio-historique des rapports savoir/pouvoir
Authors: Joly Pierre-Benoit , Lacombe Philippe
Published: August 2018

L’analyse socio-historique des évolutions conjointes de la politique agricole et de la recherche en sciences sociales permet de repérer différents régimes de relations savoir-pouvoir. L’article décrit la transition entre deux régimes de production de connaissances. Un « régime de proximité », dominant des années soixante au début des années quatre-vingt, se caractérise par la production de connaissances des agroéconomistes pratiquant des analyses socio-économiques et institutionnelles mises au service d’un projet modernisateur. Il est remplacé par un « régime bureaucratique et professionnel » qui consacre le rôle central de la régulation marchande et l’hégémonie de la science économique néo-classique.
Le Pirocéan (1980-1986), un véritable incubateur de projets in-terdisciplinaires
Authors: Alix Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2018

La cinétique de la croûte terrestre ou celle de la circulation océanique ont bouleversé les connaissances en océanographie dans les années soixante. Elles promettaient implicitement de nouvelles découvertes par confrontation entre savoirs des disciplines. C’est la mission du Pirocéan, pendant six ans à partir de 1980, de les faciliter. Pendant cette période, les collaborations scientifiques se développent à l’échelle planétaire (éclosion de l’océanographie par satellite, programmes côtiers des stations marines et extension géographique pour ne citer que quelques exemples). Puis le Pirocéan rejoint une structure supposée intégrer les échelles de temps et d’espace de la planétologie aux écosystèmes locaux. Mais celle-ci laissera en plan la très difficile question de l’intégration de la vie et de son environnement physico-chimique.
Role of the Social Constructivist Theory, Andragogy, and Computer-Mediated Instruction (CMI) in Adult ESL Learning and Teaching Environments
Authors: Khadimally Seda
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to explore whether social constructivism promotes mobile technology rich, student-centered learning/teaching practices, leading adult English as a second language (ESL) students to transform into self-directed learners. Under this theory, a shift from teacher-centered English language learning to a student-oriented approach to how students acquire basic English skills is promoted and students' possible transformation into independent and autonomous learners is fostered because, by use of mobile technologies, they may successfully transfer information from their previous experiences to their current knowledge. Incorporating mobile learning (m-Learning) into their instruction and making social constructivism an integral part of their curriculum, ESL teachers can contribute to their students transformation into self-directed learners as an active, knowledge-building community and in charge of their own learning processes, which explains that this theory is highly compatible with the principles grounded in what Knowles proposed as a progressive learning approach for adult education: andragogy.
Exploring Innovation in Second Language Writing Teaching
Authors: Thanh Trinh Ngoc
Published: August 2018

A general aim of the present study is to address the issue of what constitutes the concept of innovation from teacher cognition in the context of second language (L2) writing. This study presents a qualitative exploration into the innovative teaching practices of six Vietnamese EFL teachers coming from three emphases of L2 writing teaching instruction: L2 writing teaching with an emphasis on (1) language skills development, (2) reading text comprehension, and (3) focused textual features. Employing constant comparative analysis into finding interpretations, this study sets the focus on exploring the teaching background of the participants and the dimension of how teacher self-efficacy has an influence on teacher implementation of innovative L2 writing teaching practices. Findings from the study suggest patterns of teacher concerns and teacher thinking of in their L2 writing teaching practices. Further implications are discussed in line with future research and teaching development.
A Comprehensive Call Solution for Writing in the Disciplines
Authors: Foung Dennis , Lughmani Dureshahwar Shari
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a CALL support system for a university literacy project funded by the University Grants Committee in Hong Kong. The project, Supporting and Developing Students' English Literacy Practices in the Disciplines, was a collaboration among three universities: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, City University of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Baptist University. The chapter first describes collaboration between discipline teachers and language teachers to identify appropriate genre-based online support for students followed by details of the comprehensive needs analysis. Most importantly, the chapter focuses on how this CALL system was designed and developed to meet the needs of different stakeholders including the manner in which the comprehensive, flexible, and dynamic design helps non-traditional and independent tertiary level learners develop literacy skills for their content courses. The chapter concludes by providing details of an evaluation of the CALL system conducted with various stakeholders.
Using ICTs and Mobile Devices to Assist Adult English-Language Learning
Authors: Hsu Hui-Yin , Wang Shiang-Kwei
Published: August 2018

The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and mobile devices to assist language acquisition has expanded rapidly during the past decade given the prevalence of broadband networks and mobile phones. Many studies have examined how these technologies can facilitate English-language learning. The chapter will discuss the current research on using ICTs to create e-portfolios to support language learning, the role of mobile devices in the language-learning process, the impact of using ICTs on English-language learners' (ELLs) learning other than language acquisition (e.g., increasing their sense of a learning community), and the design procedure of such a learning environment. Future research in this area also will be discussed.
Genesis, Development, and Future of Two Exemplary Podcast Courses in a Higher Educational Institution
Authors: Selwood Jaime
Published: August 2018

This chapter focuses on the pedagogical and linguistic benefits that podcasting offers language learners in a world that is becoming increasingly centered around mobile technology. The huge growth in the number of mobile devices owned, the expansion of the mobile internet, and the development of cheaper ways to access online information offers both learners and instructors an ideal opportunity to access specifically prepared content whenever and wherever it is convenient for them to do so. Language learning should be much more than just acquiring knowledge in a traditional academic setting such as a classroom or within a tightly structured and controlled language course. Therefore, this chapter will conclude with a detailed analysis of how podcasting can empower learners to move away from traditional settings and attitudes to language acquisition by individualizing the learning process.