bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermediate hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among 1622 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso and implications for mother-to-child transmission
Authors: Ouoba Serge , Ko Ko , Lingani Moussa , Nagashima Shintaro , Guingané Alice N. , Bunthen E. , Hussain Md Razeen Ashraf , Sugiyama Aya , Akita Tomoyuki , Ohisa Masayuki , Sanou Moussa Abdel , Traore Ousmane , Nassa Job Wilfried , Sanou Maimouna , Takahashi Kazuaki , Tinto Halidou , Tanaka Junko
Published: April 2023

In highly endemic countries for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, childhood infection, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), represents the primary transmission route. High maternal DNA level (viral load ≥ 200,000 IU/mL) is a significant factor for MTCT. We investigated the prevalence of HBsAg, HBeAg, and high HBV DNA among pregnant women in three hospitals in Burkina Faso and assessed the performance of HBeAg to predict high viral load. Consenting pregnant women were interviewed on their sociodemographic characteristics and tested for HBsAg by a rapid diagnostic test, and dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Of the 1622 participants, HBsAg prevalence was 6.5% (95% CI, 5.4–7.8%). Among 102 HBsAg-positive pregnant women in DBS samples, HBeAg was positive in 22.6% (95% CI, 14.9–31.9%), and viral load was quantified in 94 cases, with 19.1% having HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL. HBV genotypes were identified in 63 samples and predominant genotypes were E (58.7%) and A (36.5%). The sensitivity of HBeAg by using DBS samples to identify high viral load in the 94 cases was 55.6%, and the specificity was 86.8%. These findings highlight the need to implement routine HBV screening and effective MTCT risk assessment for all pregnant women in Burkina Faso to enable early interventions that can effectively reduce MTCT.
Modulation of tau tubulin kinases (TTBK1 and TTBK2) impacts ciliogenesis
Authors: Bashore Frances M. , Marquez Ariana B. , Chaikuad Apirat , Howell Stefanie , Dunn Andrea S. , Beltran Alvaro A. , Smith Jeffery L. , Drewry David H. , Beltran Adriana S. , Axtman Alison D.
Published: April 2023

Tau tubulin kinase 1 and 2 (TTBK1/2) are highly homologous kinases that are expressed and mediate disease-relevant pathways predominantly in the brain. Distinct roles for TTBK1 and TTBK2 have been delineated. While efforts have been devoted to characterizing the impact of TTBK1 inhibition in diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, TTBK2 inhibition has been less explored. TTBK2 serves a critical function during cilia assembly. Given the biological importance of these kinases, we designed a targeted library from which we identified several chemical tools that engage TTBK1 and TTBK2 in cells and inhibit their downstream signaling. Indolyl pyrimidinamine 10 significantly reduced the expression of primary cilia on the surface of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, analog 10 phenocopies TTBK2 knockout in iPSCs, confirming a role for TTBK2 in ciliogenesis.
A machine learning approach to predict self-protecting behaviors during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Taye Alemayehu D. , Borga Liyousew G. , Greiff Samuel , Vögele Claus , D’Ambrosio Conchita
Published: April 2023

Using a unique harmonized real‐time data set from the COME-HERE longitudinal survey that covers five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden) and applying a non-parametric machine learning model, this paper identifies the main individual and macro-level predictors of self-protecting behaviors against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the first wave of the pandemic. Exploiting the interpretability of a Random Forest algorithm via Shapely values, we find that a higher regional incidence of COVID-19 triggers higher levels of self-protective behavior, as does a stricter government policy response. The level of individual knowledge about the pandemic, confidence in institutions, and population density also ranks high among the factors that predict self-protecting behaviors. We also identify a steep socioeconomic gradient with lower levels of self-protecting behaviors being associated with lower income and poor housing conditions. Among socio-demographic factors, gender, marital status, age, and region of residence are the main determinants of self-protective measures.
EPC-exosomal miR-26a-5p improves airway remodeling in COPD by inhibiting ferroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells via PTGS2/PGE2 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Caihong , Lu Junjuan , Yuan Ting , Xie Lihua , Zhang Li
Published: April 2023

We aimed to investigate whether exosomes (Exo) affected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by influencing ferroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and the mechanisms involved. Here we took the peripheral blood samples of normal subjects and COPD patients, extracted and identified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and EPC-Exo. An animal model of COPD was established. Then human BECs were taken and treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 h to construct a COPD cell model. Next, we screened differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in COPD patients by bioinformatics. Bioinformatics predicted the miRNA targeting PTGS2. Then, the mechanism of action of miR-26a-5p and Exo-miR-26a-5p was investigated in vitro. We successfully isolated and identified EPC and Exo. In vitro, EPC alleviated CSE-induced ferroptosis in BECs by transporting Exo. In vivo, Exo alleviated cigarette smoke-induced ferroptosis and airway remodeling in mice. Through further validation, we found that CSE-induced ferroptosis promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BECs. Bioinformatics analysis and validation showed that PTGS2/PGE2 pathway affected CSE-induced ferroptosis in BECs. Meanwhile, miR-26a-5p targeting PTGS2 affected CSE-induced ferroptosis in BECs. Additionally, we found that miR-26a-5p affected CSE-induced BECs EMT. Exo-miR-26a-5p alleviated CSE-induced ferroptosis and EMT. In conclusion, EPC-exosomal miR-26a-5p improved airway remodeling in COPD by inhibiting ferroptosis of BECs via the PTGS2/PGE2 pathway.
Is blood-brain barrier a probable mediator of non-invasive brain stimulation effects on Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Petrovskaya Aleksandra , Tverskoi Artem , Medvedeva Angela , Nazarova Maria
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no existing treatment leading to full recovery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown usually precedes the advent of first symptoms in AD and accompanies the progression of the disease. At the same time deliberate BBB opening may be beneficial for drug delivery in AD. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, primarily transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have shown multiple evidence of being able to alleviate symptoms of AD. Currently, TMS/tDCS mechanisms are mostly investigated in terms of their neuronal effects, while their possible non-neuronal effects, including mitigation of the BBB disruption, are less studied. We argue that studies of TMS/tDCS effects on the BBB in AD are necessary to boost the effectiveness of neuromodulation in AD. Moreover, such studies are important considering the safety issues of TMS/tDCS use in the advanced AD stages when the BBB is usually dramatically deteriorated. Here, we elucidate the evidence of NIBS-induced BBB opening and closing in various models from in vitro to humans, and highlight its importance in AD.
Enhancement of zebrafish sperm production via a large body-sized surrogate with germ cell transplantation
Authors: Nayak Rigolin , Franěk Roman , Šindelka Radek , Pšenička Martin
Published: April 2023

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a commonly-used vertebrate model species for many research areas. However, its low milt volume limits effective cryopreservation of sperm from a single individual and often precludes dividing a single semen sample to conduct multiple downstream procedures such as genomic DNA/RNA extraction and in-vitro fertilization. Here, we apply germ stem cell transplantation to increase zebrafish sperm production in a closely related larger species from the same subfamily, giant danio Devario aequipinnatus. The endogenous germ cell of the host is depleted by dead-end morpholino antisense oligonucleotide. Histology of the sterile gonad and quantitative PCR of gonadal tissue reveals all sterile giant danio develop the male phenotype. Spermatogonial cells of Tg(ddx4:egfp) transgenic zebrafish are transplanted into sterile giant danio larvae, and 22% of recipients (germline chimera) produce donor-derived sperm at sexual maturation. The germline chimera produce approximately three-fold the volume of sperm and 10-fold the spermatozoon concentration of the donor. The donor-derived sperm is functional and gives rise to viable progeny upon fertilization of donor oocytes. We show that the issue of low milt volume can be effectively addressed by employing a larger surrogate parent.
Temporal nanofluid environments induce prebiotic condensation in water
Authors: de Herrera Andrea Greiner , Markert Thomas , Trixler Frank
Published: April 2023

Water is a problem in understanding chemical evolution towards life’s origins on Earth. Although all known life is being based on water key prebiotic reactions are inhibited by it. The prebiotic plausibility of current strategies to circumvent this paradox is questionable regarding the principle that evolution builds on existing pathways. Here, we report a straightforward way to overcome the water paradox in line with evolutionary conservatism. By utilising a molecular deposition method as a physicochemical probe, we uncovered a synergy between biomolecule assembly and temporal nanofluid conditions that emerge within transient nanoconfinements of water between suspended particles. Results from fluorometry, quantitative PCR, melting curve analysis, gel electrophoresis and computational modelling reveal that such conditions induce nonenzymatic polymerisation of nucleotides and promote basic cooperation between nucleotides and amino acids for RNA formation. Aqueous particle suspensions are a geochemical ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible setting. Harnessing nanofluid conditions in this setting for prebiotic syntheses is consistent with evolutionary conservatism, as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water for biosynthesis. Our findings add key insights required to understand the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry and open up systematic pathways to water-based green chemistry approaches in materials science and nanotechnology.
Fluorescent Platforms for Environmental Sensing
Authors: Bowyer A. A. , New E. J.
Published: April 2023

Fluorescent sensors have proved to be useful for environmental monitoring of chemical pollutants and other substances that can cause harm to society and the natural world. Industrial advances since the 19th century have led to a significant increase in polluting substances in the air, water and land. Currently, the most common methods for detecting environmental pollutants include inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Although sensitive, these techniques involve the use of large and expensive instruments operated by specially trained personnel, limiting their availability in places other than major cities. Fluorescent sensing platforms provide an attractive alternative to these techniques, as high sensitivity can be achieved while using much cheaper and smaller instrumentation, such as benchtop spectrometers, or even portable devices. In this chapter, we present highlights from the vast array of fluorescent platforms developed for environmental sensing, with a particular focus on examples that have been successfully applied to studies in the field.
Study of anti-tumorigenic actions of essential fatty acids in a murine mammary gland adenocarcinoma by micro-XRF
Authors: Bencharski C. , Soria Elio A. , Falchini Gisele E. , Pasqualini María E. , Perez Roberto Daniel
Published: April 2023

In the present work, a statistical experiment based on the microscopy X-ray fluorescence technique was developed to evaluate the effect of diets rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on tumour tissues.
A 3D-printed microneedle extraction system integrated with patterned electrodes for minimally invasive transdermal detection
Authors: Zhan Changyuan , Liu Fanmao , Shen Zhiran , Huang Xinshuo , Huang Shuang , Li Xiangling , Liu Jing , Yang Jiang , Xu Jiefeng , Xie Xi , Chen Hui-Jiuan
Published: April 2023

The microneedle-extraction system integrated with patterned electrodes can provide convenient, mininally invasive detection of bio-analytes, including glucose, pH and H2O2.
Polycarbonate nanoplastics and the in vitro assessment of their toxicological impact on liver functionality
Authors: Tolardo Valentina , Romaldini Alessio , Fumagalli Francesco , Armirotti Andrea , Veronesi Marina , Magrì Davide , Sabella Stefania , Athanassiou Athanassia , Fragouli Despina
Published: April 2023

Polycarbonate photodegradation products, namely nanoplastics and molecular by-products, are formed in a single step. Studying their effects in a suitable hepatic model proves that both components induce toxicity toward hepatocellular functions.
A one-step polyol method for well-dispersed and heavily-loaded Ir and Ru catalysts in hydrazine decomposition
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Liang Shuqiang , Tan Zhe , Cheng Jun , Huang Bo
Published: April 2023

A possible reason for the higher catalytic performance might be the better collisions of reactant species on metals.
Unprecedented pseudo-zeroth-order kinetics of the catecholase-like activity of mixed-valence MnIIMn2III complexes
Authors: Dasgupta Sanchari , Karim Suhana , Khatua Somanjana , Adhikary Amit , Acharya Krishnendu , Zangrando Ennio , Maity Suvendu , Das Debasis
Published: April 2023

The pseudo-zero-order kinetics of the catecholase-like activity of biologically active linear trinuclear mixed-valence manganese complexes have been explored; the formation of singlet oxygen is thought to be the rate-limiting step.
An Fe complex for 19F magnetic resonance-based reversible redox sensing and multicolor imaging
Authors: Kadakia Rahul T. , Ryan Raphael T. , Cooke Daniel J. , Que Emily L.
Published: April 2023

Reversible detection of bio-reduction by 19F magnetic resonance using an FeIII complex with a unique –SF5 tag for multiplexed sensing.
Prediction of suitable catalysts for the OCM reaction by combining an evolutionary approach and machine learning
Authors: von Meyenn Carlotta L. M. , Palkovits Stefan
Published: April 2023

A method to use the concept of directed evolution to synthesize new catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) in silico via a combination of a genetic algorithm and machine learning (ML) is described.
Aptamer-based technology for gastric cancer theranostics
Authors: Lv Qi-Yan , Cui Hui-Fang , Song Xiaojie
Published: April 2023

Biomedical studies have tapped the potential clinical applicability of aptamer-based technology. Here, the recent advances in aptamer-based technologies for early diagnosis and precision therapy for gastric cancers were summarized.
Synthesis of 2-substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes via zincocyclopropanation using bromoform as the carbenoid precursor
Authors: Thai-Savard Léa , Charette André B.
Published: April 2023

An efficient 3-step synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes from monoprotected 1,2-butenediols is described. The product can be converted to cyclobutanes upon electrophilic activation.
Hydrophobic surface efficiently boosting Cu2O nanowires photoelectrochemical CO2reduction activity
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Qiu Weixin , Liu Yang , Wang Keke , Zou Luwei , Zhou Yu , Liu Min , Qiu Xiaoqing , Li Jie , Li Wenzhang
Published: April 2023

A hydrophobic surface effectively enhances the photoelectrochemical CO2reduction activity at the three-phase interface of Cu2O nanowires in an aqueous electrolyte.
Soluble perinone isomers as electron transport materials for p–i–n perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Xu Tianyu , Tian Ziqi , He Xiang , Zhang Shengxiong , Ai Ling , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Shiyong , Song Weijie
Published: April 2023

Three soluble perinone isomers were synthesized as electron transport materials in p–i–n perovskite solar cells, with the cis isomer device showing the highest PCE of 19.36%.
A hampered oxidative addition of pre-coordinated pincer ligands can favour alternative pathways of activation
Authors: Wehmeyer Frerk-Ulfert , Langer Robert
Published: April 2023

Pre-coordination to a transition metal by the terminal donor groups of a tri-dentate ligand is a common way to stabilise elusive groups, to achieve unprecedented bond activation and to develop novel modes of metal–ligand-cooperation for catalysis.
Design of a MOF-based nano-trap for the efficient separation of propane from propylene
Authors: Zhu Hua , Wang Yue , Wang Xin , Fan Zi-Wen , Wang Hui-Fang , Niu Zheng , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: April 2023

An MOF with an optimized C3H6 nano-trap exhibited a high capacity to bind C3H6 and high C3H6/C3H8 selectivity at 298 K.
Construction of a triazine polycarboxylate Co-MOF with flexible and rigid coordination arms as well as excellent catalytic reduction and adsorption properties
Authors: Liu Min , Cai He Qun , Jiang Shan , Xing Yong Heng , Bai Feng Ying
Published: April 2023

A 3D Co-MOF was synthesized which acts as a bifunctional material to catalyze the p-nitrophenol (PNP) reduction and capture iodine in cyclohexane solution.
Platinum macrocatalyst for heterogeneous Si–O dehydrocoupling
Authors: Deriabin Konstantin V. , Golovenko Ekaterina A. , Antonov Nikita S. , Baykov Sergey V. , Boyarskiy Vadim P. , Islamova Regina M.
Published: April 2023

An effective heterogeneous macrocatalyst was synthesized by immobilization of a platinum catalytic complex in a polysiloxane chain. It is easy to recover, purify, and reuse again for Si–O dehydrocoupling.
A hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte with finely-tuned solvation chemistry for high-performance zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ruwei , Zhang Chengyi , Li Jianwei , Du Zijuan , Guo Fei , Zhang Wei , Dai Yuhang , Zong Wei , Gao Xuan , Zhu Jiexin , Zhao Yan , Wang Xiaohui , He Guanjie
Published: April 2023

A hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte with a water-deficient solvation structure and reduced free water in bulk solution is proposed, resulting in highly reversible and stable Zn anodes.
In vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation of exopolysaccharides from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GL1
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Tian Juanjuan , Tang Nanyu , Zhang Xueliang , Xiao Luyao , Xu Mengjia , Dong Mingsheng , Li Wei
Published: April 2023

The prebiotic properties of two purified fractions (GL1-E1 and GL1-E2) of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GL1 were investigated through in vitro fermentation of pure and human fecal cultures.
Nitrogenated aromatics from chitin
Authors: Santos Camila Souza , Rodini Mattioli Renan , Soares Baptista Julia , Menezes da Silva Vitor H. , Browne Duncan L. , Pastre Julio Cezar
Published: April 2023

DA adducts obtained from chitin-derived furans underwent dehydration reactions ultimately leading to the synthesis of N-containing aromatics, including phthalimides.
BixOyIz with oxygen vacancies for boosting the photocatalytic oxidation of bisphenol A and tetracycline
Authors: Xie Jing , Yin Suixin , Lu Zhenjiang , Hu Jindou , Hao Aize , Cao Yali
Published: April 2023

To enhance charge transfer and separation efficiency of photo-generated electrons and holes, a well-designed hierarchical BixOyIz nanoflowers with oxygen defect was obtained by regulating the calcination temperature of BiOI.
Recycling of iron from vanadium titanium magnetite tailings and its application in an asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Jiale , Qian Lei , Fu Zongyao , Li Guanfeng , Zeng Ying
Published: April 2023

Form mining waste to energy storage device, a new strategy for high-added value reutilization of VTMT is presented.
Base-controlled copper-catalyzed multi-component cascade reactions of cyanamides, diaryliodonium triflates and propargylamine for rapid assembly of polysubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles and 2-iminoimidazoles
Authors: Yang Run , Zhao Yiming , Wang Shihan , Wu Canming , Li Jihui , Xu Shuying
Published: April 2023

Base-controlled copper-catalyzed three-component and four-component cascade reactions of cyanamides, dirayliodonium triflates, and propargylamine were established for the rapid synthesis of 2-aminoimidazoles and 2-iminoimidazoles.
Strong fluorescence-detected two-photon circular dichroism of chiral gold nanoclusters
Authors: Pniakowska Anna , Samoć Marek , Olesiak-Bańska Joanna
Published: April 2023

We present a novel approach of fluorescence technique for the determination of nonlinear chiroptical properties of two enentiomeric forms of nanoclusters: l- and d-Arg/ATT-AuNCs.
A layer-stacked NiO nanowire/nanosheet homostructure for electrochromic smart windows with ultra-large optical modulation
Authors: Gao Yi , Lei Pengyang , Zhang Siyu , Liu Huanhuan , Hu Chengyu , Kou Zhu , Wang Jinhui , Cai Guofa
Published: April 2023

One type of layer-stacked NiO nanowire/nanosheet homostructure for electrochromic smart windows is fabricated by a one-pot hydrothermal method. This unique structure endows the NiO film and device with ultra-large optical modulation.
Bond clusters control rupture force limit in shear loaded histidine-Ni2+ metal-coordinated proteins
Authors: Khare Eesha , Grewal Darshdeep S. , Buehler Markus J.
Published: April 2023

Metal-coordination bonds can rupture cooperatively when loaded in shear. However, the rupture force reaches a maximum, due to a critical number of bonds that rupture cooperatively.
An overview on the development of different optical sensing platforms for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) recognition
Authors: Sivagnanam Subramaniyam , Mahato Prasenjit , Das Priyadip
Published: April 2023

This review covers the efforts of design and development of different optical sensing strategies for the selective recognition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and their bioanalytical applications.
One-pot organocatalyzed synthesis of tricyclic indolizines
Authors: Zeoly Lucas A. , Acconcia Lais V. , Rodrigues Manoel T. , Santos Hugo , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Paniagua Juan C. , Moyano Albert , Coelho Fernando
Published: April 2023

Tricyclic indolizines can be obtained in water in one step by a Morita–Baylis–Hillman/aza-Michael cyclization/dehydration cascade.
Highly efficient α-arylation of aryl ketones with aryl chlorides by using bulky imidazolylidene-ligated oxazoline palladacycles
Authors: Wei Xian , Wang Kun , Fang Weiwei
Published: April 2023

An efficient catalytic system for the α-arylation of aryl ketones with aryl chlorides by firstly using IPr-ligated oxazoline palladacycles was developed, which tolerated various substrates at low catalyst loadings and gave products in good yields.
Resolving the complexity in human milk oligosaccharides using pure shift NMR methods and CASPER
Authors: Smith Marshall J. , Gates Emma L. , Widmalm Göran , Adams Ralph W. , Morris Gareth A. , Nilsson Mathias
Published: April 2023

Computational methods for resonance assignments are combined with pure shift NMR spectroscopy and automatic peak-picking for efficient structural analysis of oligosaccharides.
A phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvent promotes the stereoselective semi-reduction of internal alkynes to (Z)-alkenes
Authors: Paparella Andrea Nicola , Messa Francesco , Perrone Serena , Salomone Antonio
Published: April 2023

A chemo- and stereoselective Pd-catalysed semi-reduction of alkynes to (Z)-alkenes has been performed in a phosphonium-based DES by using the in situ generation of H2 from Al/H2O. The antitumor agent combretastatin A4 has been also synthesized.
Tailoring thermoresponsiveness of biocompatible polyethers: copolymers of linear glycerol and ethyl glycidyl ether
Authors: Müller Verena , Matthes Rebecca , Wagner Manfred , Bros Matthias , Dreier Philip , Frey Holger
Published: April 2023

Statistical copolymers of linear glycerol (linG) and ethyl glycidyl ether (EGE) show tunable thermoresponsive behavior. The cloud point of the highly biocompatible copolymers is tailored by polymer composition and concentration.
Thermoresponsive “irreversible” property change of POSS-crosslinked PNIPAAm hydrogels
Authors: Ida Shohei , Hikida Tenki , Kawai Atsumi , Matsuda Tomonari , Suzuki Souma , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke , Kanaoka Shokyoku
Published: April 2023

Incorporation of a strongly hydrophobic component as a crosslinking point enables reversibility control of property change of thermoresponsive hydrogels.
The mechanistic diversity of the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by systems derived from CuI and a diamine ligand
Authors: Zhong Wei , Luo Jiabin , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhan Guangli , Zhu Lihua , Lu Chunxin , Shen Zhongquan , Li Xueming , Liu Xiaoming
Published: April 2023

UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms and tandem ESI-MS were employed to confirm that the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by complex 1 involves mononuclear species, whereas complex 2 retains the binuclear core in the same reaction.
Stereoselective access to 2-deoxy-2-trifluoromethyl sugar mimetics by trifluoromethyl-directed 1,2-trans glycosylation
Authors: Mestre Jordi , Bascuas Isabel , Bernús Miguel , Castillón Sergio , Boutureira Omar
Published: April 2023

A general methodology featuring a trifluoromethyl-directed 1,2-trans glycosylation reaction as a key step has been developed to give access to various 2-CF3-glycoconjugates, including carbohydrate epitopes, amino acids, and lipids.
Catalytic asymmetric [4 + 1] cycloaddition to synthesize chiral pyrazoline-spirooxindoles
Authors: Hu Kaiqi , Zhang Dong , Wang Siyuan , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2023

The first asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of oxindole 3-pyridinium salts and hydrazones is realized by using a chiral N,N′-dioxide-Pr(OTf)3 complex. A range of bioactive chiral pyrazoline-spirooxindoles are obtained in good yields with excellent ee values.
H2O2 activated moxa ash via ball milling for ultrafast removal of mitoxantrone
Authors: Cai Wanqian , Zhang Chongbiao , Wu Yourong , Wang Wei , Lin Mei , Lin Tengfei , Lin Cong , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao
Published: April 2023

Waste moxa ash became a green and prospective adsorbent through ball milling with H2O2 for wastewater treatment.
An experimental study of the merging flow of polymer solutions in a T-shaped microchannel
Authors: Song Le , Raihan Mahmud Kamal , Yu Liandong , Wu Sen , Kim Nayoung , Till Savannah Rose , Song Yongxin , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: April 2023

The Re–Wi plot for the merging flow of non-Newtonian fluids is divided into the undisturbed, inertial and elastic domains.
From metal to cathode material: in situ formation of LiCoO2 with enhanced cycling performance and suppressed phase transition
Authors: Cao Longhao , Wang Hui , Guo Ziyin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaosong , Peng Cancan , Yu Jingxiong , Cheng Ya-Jun , Xia Yonggao
Published: April 2023

This work proposes to directly use transition metal (cobalt) powder as the precursor for the synthesis of LiCoO2, solving the problem of structural instability and rapid capacity decay caused by order–disorder phase transitions without any modification.
SNAP23 decreases insulin secretion by competitively inhibiting the interaction between SNAP25 and STX1A
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Ziyan , Wang Tuanlao , Cheng Jidong , Zhuang Ruijuan , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

SNAP25 is a core protein of the SNARE complex, which mediates stimulus-dependent secretion of insulin from the pancreatic β cells. SNAP23 is a SNAP25 homolog, however, the functional role of SNAP23 in the exocytic secretion of insulin is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the functional role of SNAP23 in the insulin secretory pathway. Our results demonstrated that over-expression of SNAP23 inhibited the secretion of insulin from the INS-1 cells. Conversely, SNAP23 depletion increased insulin secretion. Mechanistically, overexpression of SNAP23 decreased SNARE complex formation by blocking the binding of SNAP25 to STX1A. The full-length SNAP23 protein with the N-terminal and C-terminal SNARE binding domains was required for competition. Moreover, SNAP23 serine 95 phosphorylation plays a crucial function in insulin secretion by enhancing the interaction between SNAP23 and STX1A. The present study presents a new pathway regulating insulin secretion. Therefore, SNAP23 may be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus.
Social Determinants of Health: Implications for Voice Disorders and Their Treatment
Authors: Mayne Geneva V. , Namazi Mahchid
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related conditions, such as discrimination, are social determinants of health (SDOHs). Critical race theory (CRT) is a lens through which to understand SDOHs in a way that may impact our clinical care. When prolonged or chronic, SDOHs might cause toxic stress and trauma, which, in turn, adversely affect health and are shown to be relevant for some voice disorders. The goals of this tutorial are to (a) review the literature on SDOHs that potentially contribute to disparities; (b) discuss explanatory models and theories that describe how psychosocial factors influence health; (c) relate the foregoing information to voice disorders, highlighting functional voice disorders (FVDs) as a particular case in point; and (d) describe how trauma-informed care can improve patient outcomes and advance health equity for vulnerable populations.

Conclusions:

This tutorial concludes with a call for heightened awareness of the role that SDOHs such as structural and individual discrimination may play in voice disorders, and a call for research into SDOHs, traumatic stress, and health disparities in this patient population. A call is also made for more universal practice of trauma-informed care in the clinical voice domain.
Triangular lattice formation in robot swarms with minimal local sensing
Authors: Nie Zisen , Zhang Qingrui , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Fakui , Hu Tianjiang
Published: April 2023

The problem of triangular lattice formation in robot swarms has been investigated extensively in the literature, but the existing algorithms can hardly keep comparative performance from swarm simulation to real multi‐robot scenarios, due to the limited computation power or the restricted field of view (FOV) of robot sensors. Eventually, a distributed solution for triangular lattice formation in robot swarms with minimal sensing and computation is proposed and developed in this study. Each robot is equipped with a sensor with a limited FOV providing only a ternary digit of information about its neighbouring environment. At each time step, the motion command is directly determined by using only the ternary sensing result. The circular motions with a certain level of randomness lead the robot swarms to stable triangular lattice formation with high quality and robustness. Extensive numerical simulations and multi‐robot experiments are conducted. The results have demonstrated and validated the efficiency of the proposed approach. The minimised sensing and computation requirements pave the way for massive deployment at a low cost and implementation within swarms of miniature robots.
Constraining the mass and redshift evolution of the hydrostatic mass bias using the gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters
Authors: Wicker R. , Douspis M. , Salvati L. , Aghanim N.
Published: April 2023

The gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters is a convenient probe to use in cosmological studies, as it can help derive constraints on a range of cosmological parameters. This quantity is, however, subject to various effects from the baryonic physics inside galaxy clusters, which may bias the obtained cosmological constraints. Among different aspects of the baryonic physics at work, in this paper we focus on the impact of the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption. We analyzed the hydrostatic mass biasB, constraining a possible mass and redshift evolution for this quantity and its impact on the cosmological constraints. To that end, we considered cluster observations of thePlanck-ESZ sample and evaluated the gas mass fraction using X-ray counterpart observations. We show a degeneracy between the redshift dependence of the bias and cosmological parameters. In particular we find evidence at 3.8σfor a redshift dependence of the bias when assuming aPlanckprior on Ωm. On the other hand, assuming a constant mass bias would lead to the extremely large value of Ωm >  0.860. We show, however, that our results are entirely dependent on the cluster sample under consideration. In particular, the mass and redshift trends that we find for the lowest mass-redshift and highest mass-redshift clusters of our sample are not compatible. In addition, we show that assuming self-similarity in our study can impact the results on the evolution of the bias, especially with regard to the mass evolution. Nevertheless, in all the analyses, we find a value for the amplitude of the bias that is consistent withB ∼ 0.8, as expected from hydrodynamical simulations and local measurements. However, this result is still in tension with the low value ofB ∼ 0.6 derived from the combination of cosmic microwave background primary anisotropies with cluster number counts.
Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Sobolenko Margaryta , Berczik Peter , Khoperskov Sergey , Omarov Chingis , Sobodar Olexander , Makukov Maxim
Published: April 2023

Context. Recent observational data show that the Milky Way galaxy contains about 170 globular clusters. A fraction of them is likely formed in dwarf galaxies that were accreted onto the Milky Way in the past, while the remaining clusters were formed in situ. Therefore, the different parameters, including the orbits, of the globular clusters are a valuable tool for studying the Milky Way evolution. However, because the evolution of the 3D mass distribution of the Milky Way is poorly constrained, the orbits of the clusters are usually calculated in static potentials.

Aims. We study the evolution of the globular clusters in several external potentials, where we aim to quantify the effects of the evolving galaxy potential on the orbits of the globular clusters.

Methods. For the orbit calculation, we used five Milky Way-like potentials from the IllustrisTNG-100 simulation. The orbits of 159 globular clusters were integrated using the high-order N-body parallel dynamic code φ-GPU, with initial conditions obtained from the recent Gaia Data Release 3 catalogues.

Results. We provide a classification of the globular cluster orbits according to their 3D shapes and association with different components of the Milky Way (disk, halo, and bulge). We also found that the energy – angular momentum of the globular clusters in the external potentials is roughly similarly distributed at the present time. However, neither total energy nor total angular momentum of the globular clusters are conserved due to time-varying nature of the potentials. In some extreme cases, the total energy can change up to 40% (18 objects) over the last 5 Gyr of evolution. We found that the in situ formed globular clusters are less affected by the evolution of the TNG potentials than clusters that were likely formed ex situ. Therefore, our results suggest that time-varying potentials significantly affect the orbits of the globular clusters, thus making them vital for understanding the formation of the Milky Way.
Sequencing single machine multiple-class customer order jobs using heuristics and improved simulated annealing algorithms
Authors: Lin Win-Chin , Zhang Xingong , Liu Xinbo , Hu Kai-Xiang , Cheng Shuenn-Ren , Azzouz Ameni , Wu Chin-Chia
Published: April 2023

The multiple job class scheduling problem arises in contexts where a group of jobs belong to multiple classes and in which if all jobs in the same class are operated together, extra setup times would not be needed. On the other hand, the customer order scheduling problem focuses on finishing all jobs from the same order at the same time in order to reduce shipping costs. However, works on customer orders coupled with class setup times do not appear often in the literature. Hence we address here a bicriteria single machine customer order scheduling problem together with multiple job classes. The optimality criterion minimizes a linear combination of the sum of the ranges and sum of tardiness of all customer orders. In light of the high complexity of the concerned problem, we propose a lower bound formula and a property to be used in a branch-and-bound method for optimal solutions. To find approximate solutions, we then propose four heuristics together with a local search method, four cloudy theoretical simulated annealing and a cloudy theoretical simulated annealing hyperheuristic along with five low-level heuristics. The simulation results of the proposed heuristics and algorithms are analyzed.
Āyurveda in der ärztlichen Praxis – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Gupta Hedwig
Published: April 2023

Der Āyurveda ist ein umfassendes traditionelles Medizinsystem aus dem indischen Subkontinent. Er hat eigene Vorstellungen zur Physiologie, Ätiologie und Pathogenese von Erkrankungen und besitzt ein differenziertes Therapiesystem mit breit aufgestellten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Jede Störung – egal, ob körperlich, geistig oder emotional – kann mittels dieses Systems diagnostiziert und kausal behandelt werden. Dabei ist es insbesondere bei solchen Erkrankungen indiziert, indem eine polyätiologische Situation vorliegt. Wie der Beitrag am Beispiel einer Patientin mit Depression und chronischem muskuloskelettalen Schmerz zeigt, kann der Āyurveda leicht in die ärztliche Praxis integriert und erfolgreich umgesetzt werden.
Den eigenen Horizont erweitern durch die Fachweiterbildung Nephrologie?
Authors: von Gliszczynski Anika
Published: April 2023

Die Fachweiterbildung Nephrologie nach DKG (Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft e. V.) wird mit einer 2-jährigen theoretischen und praktischen Ausbildung abgeschlossen. Doch was verändert sich für Weiterbildungsteilnehmer nach der Fachweiterbildung persönlich und beruflich? In einem Interview wurden 4 ehemalige Teilnehmer aus den Abschlussjahren 2010, 2021 und 2022 befragt.
Plasma exchange in inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system: reasonable use in the clinical practice
Authors: Queiroz André Luiz Guimarães de , Soares Neto Herval Ribeiro , Kobayashi Thiago Taya , Silva Sonia Maria Cesar de Azevedo
Published: April 2023

Plasma exchange (PLEX) is a therapeutic apheresis modality in which the plasma is separated from inflammatory factors such as circulating autoreactive immunoglobulins, the complement system, and cytokines, and its therapeutic effect is based on the removal of these mediators of pathological processes. Plasma exchange is well established for various neurological disorders, and it is applied successfully in central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS-IDD). It mainly modulates the humoral immune system; thus, it has a greater theoretical effect in diseases with prominent humoral mechanisms, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, it also has a proven therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks. Several studies have suggested that patients with severe attacks of CNS-IDD have poor response to steroid therapy but show clinical improvement after the PLEX treatment. Currently, PLEX is generally established only as a rescue therapy for steroid unresponsive relapses. However, there are still research gaps in the literature regarding plasma volume, number of sessions, and how early the apheresis treatment needs to started. Thus, in the present article, we summarize the clinical studies and meta-analyses, especially about MS and NMO, outlining clinical data regarding the experience with therapeutic PLEX in severe attacks of CNS-IDD, the clinical improvement rates, the prognostic factors of a favorable response, and highlighting the likely role of the early apheresis treatment. Further, we have gathered this evidence and suggested a protocol for the treatment of CNS-IDD with PLEX in the routine clinical practice.
Elderly people with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy present an early impairment in cognitive skills
Authors: Sousa Beatriz Rezende Matos de , Labanca Ludimila , Diniz Maria Luiza , Rausse Nathália de Castro Botini , Gonçalves Denise Utsch
Published: April 2023

Background Cerebral changes occur in individuals with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) and seem to predominate in subcortical areas. Little is known about the cognitive decline in the elderly living with HTLV-1.

Objective To evaluate the cognitive aging of individuals infected with HTLV-1 aged ≥ 50 years.

Methods This is a cross-sectional study of former blood donors infected with HTLV-1 who have been followed in the cohort of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on HTLV-1 since 1997. The groups of study consisted of 79 HTLV-1 infected individuals aged ≥ 50 years, with 41 of them presenting symptomatic HAM and 38 being asymptomatic carriers, and 59 seronegative individuals (controls) aged ≥ 60 years. All were submitted to the P300 electrophysiological test and neuropsychological tests.

Results Individuals with HAM presented delayed P300 latency in relation to the other groups, and this latency delay increased progressively with aging. The performance of this group in the neuropsychological tests was also the worst. The HTLV-1- asymptomatic group performance was similar to that of the control group.

Conclusions Individuals with HAM presented cognitive decline that progressed with aging and, although HTLV-1-asymptomatic carriers appear to present cognitive aging similar to that of healthy elderly people, concern about a subclinical cognitive impairment is warranted in this population.
Acute headache attributed to ischemic stroke: assessment of its characteristics and associated factors
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Araújo Andrade de , Dourado-Filho Mário Genuíno , Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto Sampaio
Published: April 2023

Background It is estimated that headache attributed to ischemic stroke occurs in 7.4% to 34% of the cases. Despite its frequency, this headache has been little studied in terms of its risk factors and characteristics.

Objective To assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of headache attributed to ischemic stroke and the factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods The present was a cross-sectional study which included patients consecutively admitted within 72 hours of the onset of ischemic stroke. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging.

Results A total of 221 patients were included, 68.2% of whom were male, and the mean age was of 68.2 ±  13.8 years. The frequency of headache attributed to ischemic stroke was of 24.9% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 19.6–31.1%). The headache had a median duration of 21 hours and most frequently began at the same time as the focal deficit (45.3%), with a gradual onset (83%). It was of moderate intensity, pulsatile (45.3%), bilateral (54.6%), and presented a similar pattern to that of tension-type headache (53.6%). Headache attributed to stroke was significantly associated with previous tension-type headache, and previous migraine with and without aura (logistic regression).

Conclusion Headache attributed to stroke is common, with a pattern similar to that of tension-type headache, and it is associated with a history of tension-type and migraine headaches.
Impaired flexibility in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy: evaluation via pendulum fleximeter
Authors: Landim Caroline , Dias Cristiane Maria Carvalho Costa , Nascimento Celso , Goes Ana Lucia Barbosa , Araújo Thessika Hialla Almeida , Ribeiro Adriele , Oliveira Francisco Tiago de , Castro-Lima Humberto , Boa-Sorte Ney , Galvão-Castro Bernardo
Published: April 2023

Background Flexibility is crucial to the harmonious execution of joint movements. While skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with HTLV-1 can interfere with mobility, it is unclear whether these patients experience reduced flexibility.

Objective To evaluate the differences in flexibility between HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without myelopathy compared with uninfected controls. We also investigated whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, or lower back pain influence flexibility in HTLV-1-infected individuals.

Methods The sample consisted of 56 adults, of which 15 did not have HTLV-1, 15 had HTLV-1 without myelopathy, and 26 had TSP/HAM. Their flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test and a pendulum fleximeter.

Results No differences in flexibility were observed between the groups with and without myelopathy and controls without HTLV-1 infection using the sit-and-reach test. The pendulum fleximeter results of individuals with TSP/HAM presented the lowest flexibility among the groups with respect to trunk flexion, hip flexion and extension, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, level of physical activity, and lower back pain using multiple linear regression models. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced flexibility in movements: knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion.

Conclusions Individuals with TSP/HAM demonstrated reduced flexibility in most of the movements evaluated by the pendulum fleximeter. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced knee and ankle flexibility, potentially representing a marker of myelopathic development.
Specificity and sensitivity of the SeLECT score in predicting late seizures in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolytic treatment and the effect of diabetes mellitus and leukoaraiosis
Authors: Dinç Yasemin , Demir Aylin Bican , Özkaya Güven , Bakar Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Background Seizures after stroke can negatively affect the prognosis of ischemic stroke and cause a decrease in quality of life. The efficacy of intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment in acute ischemic stroke has been demonstrated in many studies, and IV rt-PA treatment has been increasingly used around the world. The SeLECT score is a useful score for the prediction of late seizures after stroke and includes the severity of stroke (Se), large artery atherosclerosis (L), early seizure (E), cortical involvement (C), and the territory of the middle cerebral artery (T). However, the specificity and sensitivity of the SeLECT score have not been studied in acute ischemic stroke patients that received IV rt-PA treatment.

Objective In the present study, we aimed to validate and develop the SeLECT score in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving IV rt-PA treatment.

Methods The present study included 157 patients who received IV thrombolytic treatment in our third-stage hospital. The 1-year seizure rates of the patients were detected. SeLECT scores were calculated.

Results In our study, we found that the SeLECT score had low sensitivity but high specificity for predicting the likelihood of late seizure after stroke in patients administered IV rt-PA therapy. In addition to the SeLECT score, we found that the specificity and sensitivity were higher when we evaluated diabetes mellitus (DM) and leukoaraiosis.

Conclusion We found that DM was an independent risk factor for late seizures after stroke in a patient group receiving thrombolytic therapy, and late seizures after stroke were less frequent in patients with leukoaraiosis.