bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authors: Azmi Novia Amirah , Arif Ernita , Sarmiati Sarmiati
Published: February 2020

Hadirnya taksi online di Kota Padang menjadi sumber mata pencaharian baru bagi masyarakat. Ratusan orang dari berbagai latar belakang mendaftarkan diri sebagai mitra Go-Car dan Grab-Car. Diawal semua berjalan lancar. Masalah mulai muncul saat pihak perusahaan menaikan standar poin dan menurunkan jumlah bonus harian. Mitra yang merasa tidak sesuai dengan perubahan tersebut memilih mundur sedangkan sebagian lainnya terpaksa bertahan dengan dua cara, meningkatkan pelayanan atau memilih berlaku curang agar tetap mendapatkan bonus ditengah sulitnya mencapai poin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal antara pengemudi taksi online dengan penumpang serta menganalisa upaya-upaya komunikasi oleh pengemudi dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada penumpang. Jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan paradigma konstruktivis dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan ialah beberapa pengemudi aktif Go-Car dan Grab-Car di Kota Padang yang telah beroperasi minimal satu tahun dan penumpang yang dipilih secara acak. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi terlibat dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisa berdasarkan analisis fenomenologi oleh Edmund Husserl. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal dapat dilihat dari lima sikap positif yaitu keterbukaan (openness), empati (empathy), sikap mendukung (supportiveness), sikap positif (positiveness) dan kesetaraan (equality). Keberhasilan komunikasi interpersonal dapat dilihat melalui tiga indikator, keberhasilan dari sudut komunikator, komunikan dan pesan.
Dietary Inclusion of Tenebrio Molitor Meal in Sea Trout Larvae Rearing: Effects on Fish Growth Performance, Survival, Condition, and GIT and Liver Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Hoffmann Lilianna , Rawski Mateusz , Nogales-Merida Silvia , Mazurkiewicz Jan
Published: February 2020

Sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) is a species for which effective methods of rearing are still being developed. They need high-quality protein in their diet, but, considering the ecological consequences of fishmeal production, new sources of protein are needed. Presently, insect meal is one of the most promising alternative sources of protein in the diets of farm animals. Insect production does not result in excessive gas emissions, waste generation or the risk of obtaining low-quality dietary protein. The study on sea trout larvae was carried out for 60 days. Four diets were given to the fish: one control (C), without the inclusion of insect meal, and three experimental, with one unhydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) and two hydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal treatments. The effects of the diets were evaluated on the basis of growth performance (weight and length of the fish, SR, SGR, RGR, FCR and PER), somatic indices (HSI and VSI) and fish condition (CF). We observed that the highest body mass and weight gain were obtained in the control group. However, the lowest mortality and the highest values of RGR were observed only in groups fed diets containing mealworm meal. The results for the hepato- and viscerosomatic indices showed a lack of statistically significant differences between the control group and the unhydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal group in terms of the enzymatic activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in the fish intestine and both aminotransferases in the liver. Our study demonstrated that the inclusion of 20% mealworm meal in practical diets for sea trout did not negatively affect growth performance or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) enzyme activity. The hydrolysed mealworm meal and the non-processed mealworm meal had similar effects.
Replacement of Fish Meal by Solid State Fermented Lupin (Lupinus albus) Meal with Latobacillus plantarum 299v: Effect on Growth and Immune Status of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Rodríguez-Estrada Uriel , González-Alfaro Katerina , Shene Carolina
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to assess quality of SSF (Solid State Fermented) lupin with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and its effects (on growth, feed utilization, digestibility and immunity) of juvenile Atlantic salmon (S. salar), when used as fish meal replacer. Five experimental diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein and 21% dietary lipid (dry matter basis) with the raw or fermented lupin meal-based protein source replacing fish meal at 15% and 30%. Triplicate groups of fish (averaging 3.53 ± 0.05 g) were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fermentation process modified nutrient profile of lupin meal and enriched it with lactic, citric and acetic acids. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P < 0.05) final body weight, weight gain, FCR, SGR, and PER compared to those of C group. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and Nitrogen-free extract showed a significantly higher values in FL15% experimental group, compared to those shown in C group. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P<0.05) lysozyme activity and leucocyte respiratory burst compared to that shown by fish samples in the C experimental group; phagocytic activity did not record differences among experimental groups. In conclusion, replacement of fish meal by raw or fermented lupin meal did not compromise growth, apparent digestibility coefficients and immune status of juvenile Atlantic salmon and even improve fish performance when supplemented at 15%.
Skin Mucosal, Serum Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fed Artemisia (Artemisia annua)
Authors: Sarhadi Iman , Alizadeh Ebrahim , Ahmadifar Ehsan , Adineh Hossein , Dawood Mahmoud A.O.
Published: February 2020

In this study, the effect of artemisia (Artemisia annua) leaves extract (ALE) on the immune system, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Fish with initial weight (90.32 ± 1.12 g) were fed various levels of ALE (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance (FW, WG, SGR, PER, and LER) in fish fed 1 g/kg ALE was increased significantly (P<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg ALE in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Skin mucus total protein was higher in fish fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other experimental groups (P<0.05), while the lysozyme, immunoglobulin and protease was increased by increasing of ALE in diets. Respiratory burst activity and serum immune parameters were higher in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other treatments (P<0.05). Increasing of catalase (CAT) and decreasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish fed ALE, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased only in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE. Hence, it can be concluded that ALE has considerable potential as a natural immunostimulant and growth promotor supplement for the common carp’s aquaculture.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Affects mRNA and miRNA Expression of the Appetite Regulating Centre in the Sheep Arcuate Nucleus
Authors: Przybył Bartosz Jarosław , Szlis Michał , Wójcik-Gładysz Anna
Published: February 2020

The neuromodulatory effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on appetite regulation centre peptide gene activity in the sheep hypothalamus have not been examined yet. The aim of this study was to determine whether BDNF participates in modulation of neuropeptide Y (npy), agouti-related peptide (agrp), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (cart), and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mRNA expression and selected microRNAs in the sheep hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus. Animals (Polish Merino sheep, n=24) were divided into three groups. The control group received a central infusion of Ringer-Locke solution (480 µl/day) whereas the experimental groups were treated with BDNF in two doses: 10 or 60 μg/480 µl/day. All sheep received four intracerebroventricular infusions (performed from 08:40 a.m. to 01:30 p.m.; infusion scheme: 4 x 50 min infusions with 30 min intervals between them) on each of three consecutive days. Immediately after the last infusion, the sheep were slaughtered, and selected structures of the hypothalamus were frozen for further real-time qPCR analysis. Central infusion of BDNF evoked dose-dependent changes in npy, agrp, cart, pomc and peptidylglicine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (pam) mRNA expression in the sheep ARC nucleus. An increase in npy, agrp and pomc mRNA expression but also a decrease in cart mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus were detected. Moreover, a decrease in pam (gene encoding an enzyme that converts POMC into α-MSH) mRNA expression, was also noted. Furthermore, after central BDNF administration, changes in miRNA-33a-5p, miRNA-33b-5p, miRNA-377-3p, miRNA-214-3p, miRNA-485 and miRNA-488 expression were observed. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that BDNF may affect the appetite regulating centre activity through modulation of npy, agrp, cart, pomc and pam mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus. It was also revealed that BDNF modulates miRNA expression in the sheep ARC nucleus.
Stakeholder Analysis to Support Secondary Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Forest Conversion in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Pelyukh Oksana , Paletto Alessandro
Published: February 2020

Stakeholder analysis is a crucial step in the participatory process to involve all groups of interests in sustainable forest management. This paper aims to develop a method of stakeholder analysis to identify and classify stakeholders involved in secondary Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand conversions. The method is based on a questionnaire survey and structured into three stages: (1) stakeholder identification; (2) analytical characterization of stakeholders; and (3) stakeholder aggregation. Stakeholders are classified according to their interest level and importance while considering the relationships among them (social network analysis). Stakeholder analysis is applied in the Ukrainian Carpathians, which is characterized by cultural and economic dependence on forest resources. The results highlight seven “supporters” and six “opponents” as well as three key stakeholders and four primary stakeholders. We propose involving up to three stakeholders from each homogeneous group to balance stakeholder contributions and enhance the democratization of the forest conversion decision-making process.
Combined Multi-assay Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Tree Bark
Authors: Tálos-Nebehaj Esztella , Albert Levente , Visi-Rajczi Eszter , Hofmann Tamás
Published: February 2020

Wood logging generates considerable amounts of bark by-product, which are a potential antioxidant source well worth extracting and using. The present work compares the antioxidant properties of the bark of the following selected Hungarian forest tree species: white poplar (Populus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Inner and outer bark were investigated separately. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocâlteu method, whereas antioxidant capacity was assayed using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods. The overall antioxidant power of the samples was evaluated using a scoring system that combined the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assay results. The TPC levels did not always follow the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assay values. Differing reaction mechanisms and sample compositions are possible reasons for this. The presented scoring evaluation was suitable for the assessment and comparison of complex antioxidant properties of tree bark samples. According to the scores, inner bark showed higher scores compared to outer bark for most species with the exceptions of black poplar, black locust, white poplar, sweet chestnut, and European larch. The highest overall antioxidant capacities were determined in the inner bark of wild cherry and the outer bark of sweet chestnut. The species with the overall lowest scores were black locust and black poplar.
Analyzing Thermophysiological Comfort and Moisture Management Behavior of Cotton Denim Fabrics
Authors: Eryuruk Selin Hanife
Published: February 2020

Comfort properties of garments are influenced by fiber properties, fabric properties, and applied finishes. Denim garments are widely used apparels, and they are processed with different industrial finishing treatments. Finishing treatments and fabric weight have a great influence on the thermal comfort of denim fabrics. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of finishing treatments (rigid, bleaching, resin, softener) on the thermophysiological comfort and moisture management properties of denim fabrics considering three weight categories (light, medium, heavy). The thermophysiological comfort (thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, air permeability, water vapor permeability tests) and liquid moisture transport capabilities (transfer wicking and drying behavior of fabrics) were measured and analyzed statistically. As a result of the study, fabric weight and finishing had been found to be important parameters for the comfort properties of denim fabrics. As a conclusion, it could be stated in the light of the results that the fabric weight type (light, medium, heavy) had a significant impact on the fabric thermophysiological comfort properties.
Democracy Towards Authoritarianism Under Illiberal Populist Leaders in Hungary and Poland
Authors: Vadhanavisala Onvara
Published: February 2020

A quarter of a century ago, the Soviet Union dissolved and the Cold War ended. Now the current political era involves a broad challenge to liberal democracy in the European Union. Central European countries such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Republic of Poland, and the Slovak Republic (‘the Visegrád Group’) joined the EU in 2004 with the hope that the post-Cold War era would be one of peace and stability in Europe, including (most importantly) the expansion of Europe’s democracy. A turning point came in 2014, however, when the Syrian refugee crisis hit the EU and caused a political ‘about face’. The European refugee and migrant crisis have strengthened right-wing populism among the European countries, including the Visegrád group. Obviously there are certainly similarities between the populist rhetoric of Hungary’s ruling party,Fidesz, and the Law and Justice party (known asPiS) which is governing the Republic of Poland. The two countries appear to be following the same path of becoming ‘illiberal democratic’ states. The templates of authoritarianism which both countries have adopted involve the following: the restriction of civil society and the independence of the media, control of the judiciary and the court system, together with the transformation of the constitutional framework and electoral law in order to consolidate power. This paper analyses two examples of authoritarian populist leaders: first, Viktor Orbán, the Prime Minister of Hungary of theFideszParty and, second, Jarosław Kaczyński, a leader of the Law and Justice Party (PiS) in Poland. A brief description of each is provided as a background for the discussion which follows.
Extension of Critical Difference for Product Comparison. Application to Tobacco Products
Authors: Verron Thomas , Cahours Xavier , Colard Stéphane
Published: February 2020

The differences or equivalence of products depend on various sources of variability like analytical methods, manufacturing processes, agricultural practices and environmental conditions. In addition, the capacity to compare and discriminate accurately two products is impacted by the number of characteristics considered for the comparison. Previously, it has been shown that a comparison of two products can be performed using the critical difference (CD), because it takes into consideration both the variability of measurements and laboratories. However, some additional sources of variability need to be added in the comparison when products were not manufactured at the same period of time or in the same factory. Here, an extended critical difference is proposed including manufacturing process variability according to the number of samples and batches collected for each product. The general formula and specific cases corresponding to different situations (one vs two labs, short vs long periods of time, same vs different periods of time, one vs several batches) are given.
A Screening Method by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of 24 Aerosol Constituents from Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products
Authors: Hofer Iris , Gautier Lydia , Sauteur Eglantine Cortes , Dobler Montserrat , Python Anne , O’Reilly Ciaran , Gisi Daniel , Tinguely Eric , Wehren Line , Fidalgo Eva García
Published: February 2020

A screening method allowing the quantification of 24 aerosol constituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed to assess the aerosol chemistry of heat-not-burn tobacco products.

The aim of this method was to quantify phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, benzene, acrylonitrile, toluene, pyridine, styrene, 1,2-propylene glycol, menthol, 2-furanmethanol, acrylamide, naphthalene, nicotine, acetamide, quinoline, triacetin, and glycerine in the aerosol emitted by heated tobacco products. The aerosol was generated by an electrically heated tobacco system (PMI’s Heated Tobacco System (THS 2.4)) with one single aerosol collection method, using the Health Canada smoking regimen and analyzed with two analytical methods.

The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists guidelines.

A regression model based on a linear relationship between concentration and response ratio with a 1/x weighting factor was selected for phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, benzene, acrylonitrile, toluene, pyridine, styrene, 2-furanmethanol, acrylamide, naphthalene and acetamide. A quadratic regression model with a 1/x weighting factor was chosen for catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1,2-propylene glycol, menthol, nicotine, quinoline, triacetin and glycerine. Coefficients of variation for repeatability were determined between 7.9% and 17.8% and for intermediate precision between 8.1% and 19.9%.

The matrix effect of the heated tobacco aerosol extract was assessed by performing a recovery study, where the aerosol extracts were spiked at different concentrations for the compounds to be analyzed. In addition, the mainstream smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes was analyzed, and results were compared with previously published studies. The method was successfully validated, providing data consistent with published data and it was shown to be selective, precise and accurate.
The role of adipose tissue secretion in the creation and pain level in osteoarthritis
Authors: Askari Alireza , Arasteh Peyman , Homayounfar Reza , Naghizadeh Mohamad Mehdi , Ehrampoush Elham , Mousavi Seyyede Makiye , Alipoor Reza
Published: February 2020

Objectives. With increasing evidence regarding the metabolic basis of osteoarthritis (OA), we studied the relationship between adipose tissue and OA.

Methods. This study is part of an OA registry in the eastern part of Fars Province, Iran. Overall, 150 patients with OA and 300 sex matched individuals were selected as a control group. They were compared regarding adipokine concentration (leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin), anthropo-metric indices, the Western Ontario and McMaster universities arthritis index score (WOMAC).

Results. All adipokine levels were higher among OA patients (p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), adipokines showed a significant and positive association with OA (B: 14.12, B: 9.92, B: 24.71 and B: 12.29 for leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, respectively; p<0.001). Except the adiponectin that had a negative relationship with BMI in the OA group (r=–0.570, p<0.001), other adipokines had positive relationships with BMI (r=0.781, p<0.001; r=0.530, p<0.001; r=0.549, p<0.001 for leptin, visfatin, and resistin, respectively). Only leptin and adiponectin levels were correlated with pain (B: 0.045, –0.079 and p<0.05).

Conclusion. The present study shows that aside to the well-known role of mechanical stress in OA pathogenesis (weight load), leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, which represent the adi-pose tissue independent on the weight, may play a chemical role in OA pathogenesis. In addition, leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the pain levels among patients with OA.
Chronic exposure of adult male Wistar rats to bisphenol A causes testicular oxidative stress: Role of gallic acid
Authors: Olukole Samuel Gbadebo , Ola-Davies Eunice Olufunke , Lanipekun Damilare Olaniyi , Oke Bankole Olusiji
Published: February 2020

Objectives. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been reported that among other male reproductive dys-functions, it can cause marked estrogenic effects including alteration in serum hormones as well as testicular lesions in exposed animals. This work sought to study the role of gallic acid (GA), a known antioxidant, on the BPA-induced testicular oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats using serum hormone analysis, histopathology, and biochemical assays.

Methods. Adult male rats were divided into four groups (n=10) including control (0.2 ml of corn oil), GA (20 mg/kg/day), BPA (10 mg/kg/day), BPA+GA (BPA, 10 mg/kg/day + GA, 20 mg/kg/day). All medications were given by oral gavage for 45 consecutive days. The body and testicular weights were measured. Blood and organ samples were collected for the serum hormonal assay: testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL), and tissue biochemistry analysis: superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively.

Results. The BPA-treated rats showed significant reduction in the gonadosomatic index. BPA also caused significant decrease in the levels of the serum testosterone and prolactin. Furthermore, BPA induced testicular oxidative stress by decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increasing reactive oxygen species. However, co-treatment with GA protected against these alterations.

Conclusion. Findings from the present study confirmed the previously reported data and show that the ability of GA, as a potent antioxidant, may protect against BPA-induced alterations in the male reproductive function. Hence, GA protects against testicular oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats following chronic exposure to BPA.
Relationship between the night shift work and thyroid disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Coppeta Luca , Di Giampaolo Luca , Rizza Stefano , Balbi Ottavia , Baldi Savino , Pietroiusti Antonio , Magrini Andrea
Published: February 2020

Objectives. The night shift workers were reported to have health consequences, ranging from mild, as cluster headache, to severe, as heart attacks and hormonal irregularities. This study is aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analyze of the association between the night shift work and the thyroid disorders.

Methods. We comprehensively searched eight databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar for the relevant articles. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Results. We finally included six papers involving 4074 participants. Four papers were eligible for meta-analysis involving 1864 night shift workers and 2017 day shift workers. We against found that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is significantly higher in the night shift group compared to the day shift group.

Conclusions. The higher TSH among the night shift workers is attributed to disruption of the circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle, with subsequent eating disorders. We proposed that more attention should be paid to the working pattern and the related health consequences.
The impact of drought in 2015 on the health forest condition determined using Landsat-8 OLI images
Authors: Nasiłowska Sylwia A. , Kotlarz Jan , Kacprzak Mariusz , Rynkiewicz Alicja , Rotchimmel Karol , Kubiak Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

The main aim of this research was to determine the impact of drought (in 2015) on forests stand condition using remote sensing and statistical techniques. The study was based on the analysis of vegetation indices calculated from a series of Landsat-8 OLI satellite images covering the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Various tree biophysical and physical parameters as well as forest habitat characteristics were tested in order to find the most significant factors affecting drought resistance. Three approaches were used: (i) index differences, (ii) PCA analysis, and (iii) ANOVA statistical analysis. All three approaches used in this study indicate that forest biodiversity is the most important factor determining habitat response to stress conditions. Coniferous and mixed tree habitats were less sensitive than deciduous ones. Statistical analysis revealed the relationship between stress and soil types, as those more permeable were less dependent on rainwater. The highest stress was found for precipitation-dependent gley soils. Undergrowth density and height were also indicated as important factors inducing habitat response to a changing weather situation. All the results confirmed the usefulness of mid-infrared based indices for water shortage monitoring in forests. They confirmed that habitat biodiversity has a positive effect on its resistance to stressful conditions. Also forest type (conifer/deciduous) determines it’s sensitivity. Precipitation and groundwater shortages have different effects on the forest condition depending on soil type.
Sprachnomaden: Mehrsprachigkeit am Beispiel von Olga Grjasnowas Roman: Der Russe ist einer, der Birken liebt
Authors: Predoiu Grazziella
Published: February 2020

Olga Grjasnowa’s debut novel The Russian Is One Who Loves Birch Trees, revolving around themes such as national and linguistic boundaries, borderline transgressions and border crossings, the sense of home and the sense of alienation and the search for one’s own identity in the face of a life in the threshold of cultures. Using the example of a young woman who has emigrated from Azerbaijan, who was traumatized as a child, and who is trained as an interpreter in Germany, the article explores subjects such as loneliness, identity, limitations and hunger for language. By making interpreting her profession, the figure solidifies the leap from one culture to the next as a pattern of action and acts transculturally between different spaces. She finds access to marginalized groups, she has ambivalent erotic experiences with men as well as with women, which reflects her cultural indecision.
Der Weimarer Musenhof aus heutiger Sicht
Authors: Stangl Martin
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the so-called Musenhof of Weimar and highlights the outstanding figures who worked and lived at this artist’s court. The central role of the two «Dioscuri» Goethe and Schiller is highlighted and analyzed their initially tense relationship. The role of Herder as a writer is critically examined. Today, too, largely forgotten names are spoken of, which at that time occupied important functions at the court of Princess Amalia. It opens a wide field of further discussion in this area of research.
Politik durch Lexik im Siebenbürgisch-Deutschen Tageblatt Ideologievokabular zur Zeitenwende 1918/19
Authors: Herbst Oliver
Published: February 2020

After the First World War and the Danube Monarchy, Transylvania became a part of the Kingdom of Romania on December 1, 1918. The desired minority rights played an important role for the Transylvanian Saxons. The relationships with Hungary and Romania were reflected in the media coverage by the Transylvanian newspaper Siebenbürgisch-Deutsches Tageblatt. The authors created awareness on their concerns by using ideological vocabulary. Such political lexis acts as an appeal to the recipients. There is a clearly identifiable dichotomy: On the one side, negatively connoted lexis arises for the former political conditions in the Dual Monarchy. On the other side, positively connoted lexis appears for the needs and for the behavior of the Transylvanian Saxons and for the concepts of new political conditions that were published in the newspaper. This dichotomy consists of ideological vocabulary and lexis in common language.
Carmen Elisabeth Puchianu (Hrsg.): Die Mühen der Gebirge liegen hinter uns, vor uns liegen die Mühen der Ebenen, Kronstädter Beiträge zur germanistischen Forschung, Band 19, Aldus Verlag, Kronstadt, 2019, ISSN 1842-9564, 205 Seiten.
Authors: Tudor Alexandra
Published: February 2020

The following paper presents the 19th volume on German Studies Kronstädter Beiträge zur Germanistischen Forschung 2019. The volume is dedicated to Bertolt Brecht and it contains papers about him andon his activity as a poet, theatre practitioner, playwright and film director, as well as papers on different fields and versatile aspects of German Studies.
Female Gender Marginality in the Imperial Roman World: Affinity Between Women and Slaves in their Shared Stereotypes and Penetrability
Authors: Berg Inhee Cho Inhee C.
Published: February 2020

The concepts of sex and gender existed in the imperial Roman world. Although there existed a sliding scale of sex and gender, gender was largely pre-determined at the time of one’s birth based on one’s sexual anatomy and concurrently, gender acculturation of the male and the female began. It was a conventional notion that women were marginal compared to freeborn men by the virtue of gender. Although the Romans improved the legal independence of free women, Greco-Roman literary evidence harbors various theoretical positions regarding female social marginality and submission, which were largely associated with slaves, and also underscores the paradox that female position of authority was only meant to be negotiated with the position of subordination. This article deals with the issue of female gender marginality and enculturation of female servility in the imperial Roman world. Various Roman literary traditions link women to slaves in their shared stereotypes and evidence that women and slaves were seen to share affinity for vulnerable penetrability in the face of the male sexual and domestic violence.
When Children Look at Us
Authors: Bălănescu Olivia Eleonra
Published: February 2020

“Hideous Kinky” presents the story of an English mother travelling in Morocco with her two daughters. As expected, this exotic journey is about the woman’s pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. Less expected, the story is narrated by her youngest daughter who constantly denies the story to the reader. Starting from the issue of unreliable homodiegetic narration, this paper proposes to analyse the effects of missing information in the text, and the reader’s subsequent responsibility for filling the gaps and disambiguating the story. As a method, the essay establishes connections between its theoretical investigations and Esther Freud’s novel.
Constructing Womanhood in Zimbabwean Literature: Noviolet Bulawayo and Petina Gappah
Authors: Caraivan Luiza
Published: February 2020

Literature written in English in the former British colonies of Southern Africa has attracted the public’s attention after the publication of Michael Chapman’s “Southern African Literaturesˮ (1996). The paper analyses the writings of two Zimbabwean authors - NoViolet Bulawayo (Elizabeth Zandile Tshele) and Petina Gappah – taking into account African feminist discourses.
Detecting Anomalous Data in Household Surveys: Evidence for Argentina
Authors: González Fernando Antonio Ignacio
Published: February 2020

This paper advances in the detection of anomalous data in income reports of Argentina. In particular, income declared by households surveyed in the Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH, Permanent Household Survey in English) -for the period 2003-2017- and in the Encuesta Anual de Hogares Urbanos (EAHU, Annual Urban Household Survey in English) -for the period 2010-2014- are analyzed.

A widely known technique in forensic accounting and auditing, such as Benford’s law -also known as the first digit law- is used. If the analyzed data were generated naturally-free of manipulation- it should follow the logarithmic distribution of Benford. The Chi-square test and the absolute mean deviation (MAD) are used for verification.

The results suggest that the income reported in the EPH does not follow the Benford distribution and the degree of compliance with this law decreases significantly between 2007-2015 coinciding with the intervention period of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INDEC, National Institute of Statistics and Censuses in English).
A Causal Relationship Between Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Niger
Authors: Oumarou Issoufou , Maiga Ousseini A.
Published: February 2020

Foreign direct investment and Trade were regarded as an important elements in enhancing economic development. This study used some time series econometric tests including the Augmented Dickey – Fuller (ADF) unit root test developed by Dickey – Fuller, stationary test developed by Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS), Johansen co-integration test and Granger causality test to analyse the connection between foreign direct investment, trade and economic growth in Niger. The tests results showed a bilateral relationship between trade and economic growth and a unidirectional causal relationship between trade and foreign direct investment with direction from trade to foreign direct investment. The long run effect tests revealed that trade has a positive effect on economic growth while foreign direct investment has a negative effect on economic growth in Niger. On average, ceteris paribus, the coefficients are statistically significant at 5% level.
Analysis of performance of selected geospatial analyses implemented on the basis of relational and NoSQL databases
Authors: Pietroń Marcin
Published: February 2020

Databases are a basic component of every GIS system and many geoinformation applications. They also hold a prominent place in the tool kit of any cartographer. Solutions based on the relational model have been the standard for a long time, but there is a new increasingly popular technological trend – solutions based on the NoSQL database which have many advantages in the context of processing of large data sets. This paper compares the performance of selected spatial relational and NoSQL databases executing queries with selected spatial operators. It has been hypothesised that a non-relational solution will prove to be more effective, which was confirmed by the results of the study. The same spatial data set was loaded into PostGIS and MongoDB databases, which ensured standardisation of data for comparison purposes. Then, SQL queries and JavaScript commands were used to perform specific spatial analyses. The parameters necessary to compare the performance were measured at the same time. The study’s results have revealed which approach is faster and utilises less computer resources. However, it is difficult to clearly identify which technology is better because of a number of other factors which have to be considered when choosing the right tool.
Geomorphological modelling and mapping of the Peru-Chile Trench by GMT
Authors: Lemenkova Polina
Published: February 2020

The author presents a geospatial analysis of the Peru-Chile Trench located in the South Pacific Ocean by the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT) scripting toolset used to process and model data sets. The study goal is to perform geomorphological modelling by the comparison of two segments of the trench located in northern (Peruvian) and southern (Chilean) parts. The aim of the study is to perform automatic digitizing profiles using GMT and several scripting modules. Orthogonal cross-section profiles transecting the trench in a perpendicular direction were automatically digitized, and the profiles visualized and compared. The profiles show variations in the geomorphology of the trench in the northern and southern segments. To visualize geological and geophysical settings, a set of the thematic maps was visualized by GMT modules: free-air gravity anomaly, geoid, geology and bathymetry. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the bathymetry in both segments show that the most frequent depths for the Peruvian segment of the Peru-Chile Trench range from -4,000 to -4,200 (827 recorded samples) versus the range of -4,500 to -4,700 m for the Peruvian segment (1,410 samples). The Peruvian segment of the trench is deeper and its geomorphology steeper with abrupt slopes compared to the Chilean segment. A comparison of the data distribution for both segments gives the following results. The Peruvian segment has the majority of data (23%) reaching 1,410 (-4,500 m to -4,700 m). This peak shows a steep pattern in data distribution, while other data in the neighbouring diapason are significantly lower: 559 (-4,700 m to -5,000 m) and 807 (-4,200 m to -4,400 m). The Chilean segment has more unified data distribution for depths of -6,000 m to -7,000 m. This paper presents GMT workflow for the cartographic automatic modelling and mapping deep-sea trench geomorphology.
Political borders in Polish territory according to the Soviet atlas of 1940
Authors: Eberhardt Piotr
Published: February 2020

The author presents Karmannyj Atlas Mira (Pocket Atlas of the World) which was published in Leningrad in 1940. It shows political borders existing in Polish territory at that time. Those borders resulted from the Soviet-German agreement reached in August and September 1939 in Moscow (the Molotov−Ribbentrop pact). On the maps in the Atlas the territories of central Poland are described as “Oblast Gosudarstvennych Interesov Germanii” (Area of the National Interest of Germany). The maps were reprinted in the article in the original version and underwent a historical, political and geographical analysis.
Normative data for 102 Spanish remote associate problems and age-related differences in performance
Authors: Peláez-Alfonso José Luis , Pelegrina Santiago , Lechuga M. Teresa
Published: February 2020

The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a measure developed by Mednick (1962) which is used to assess the convergent thinking component of creativity. This study presents a normative database in Spanish including 102 problems based on the RAT. Three sets of problems were built according to the type of between-word associations: semantic, compound, and two-word expressions. These problems were administered to a sample of 309 elementary, high-school, and university students. The results show good internal consistency as well as good convergent validity with insight problems, and discriminant validity using Guilford’s Alternative Uses Test. In addition, the results indicate age-related differences in the ability to solve the different types of problems.
Osseous metastases associated with gastrointestinal neoplasia during pregnancy
Authors: Voicu Diana , Baroș Alexandru , Bodean Oana , Păuleț Florina-Paula , Cîrstoiu Cătălin , Şerban Bogdan , Cîrstoiu Monica Mihaela
Published: February 2020

The article represents an analysis of a confirmed case of digestive neoplasia noted during the last trimester of pregnancy, in which we tried to assess osseous metastases, in correlation with their clinical development and histopathological features. The International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that during the year of 2018, in Romania, a total of 11.076 new cases of colorectal cancer were documented, ranking this type of neoplasia as the 2nd among the most common types of cancer in our country.
Analisis Reverberation Time Terhadap Kenyamanan Audial pada Ruang Auditorium Menara Pinisi UNM
Authors: Zainatun Zainatun
Published: February 2020

Auditorium space is one of the building functions that must be supported will be acoustic comfort. This research aimed (1) to determine the condition of auditory comfort in the auditorium space according to the opinion of the space users; (2) to investigate the value of the existing reverberation time in the space. The research used two methods, namely the qualitative and quantitative methods; the qualitative method was conducted by distributing questionnaires, interviews and direct observation in the field. The results of the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 22, while the quantitative method was conducted by measuring the sound pressure level using the Sound Level Meter (SLM) and calculation of the Reverbertion Time (RT) by using the Sabine Equation and the simulation was conducted using the Ecotect Software. The research results indicated that, based on the questionnaires distribution to the space user, and according to the seat position, 44.3% of the older users felt comfortable about the spread of sound in the space, while 41.3% did not feel comfortable with the position of the seats and the sound they received, and only 2.0% felt very comfortable with the distribution spread of sound in the space. Meanwhile,  the results of the measurement of the highest Level of Sound Pressure showed that at the measuring point of 31 was 94.0 dB and the lowest at point of 22 was 60.8 dB. The results of the  RT calculation at the auditorium when the auditorium was empty was about 0.45-0.40 seconds at the frequency of 500hz.
Desain Perangkat Medis dengan Konsumsi Daya Rendah untuk Mengukur Tanda Vital Pasien
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Niswar Muhammad , Ilham Amil Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan rancangan perangkat kesehatan triase untuk mengukur tanda-tanda vital pasien, antara lain tingkat pernapasan, kadar oksigen dalam darah dan detak jantung. Umumnya, rumah sakit di Indonesia masih menggunakan peralatan medis yang terpisah untuk melakukan triase sehingga dinilai kurang efektif, sedangkan yang telah menggunakan perangkat medis triase maka produk tersebut merupakan produksi dari negara lain yang harganya cukup mahal. Desain triase yang ditawarkan menggunakan mikrokontroller tipe ATmega328PU SMD sebagai mikrokomputer yang mampu mengolah data pengukuran dari sensor yang saling terintegrasi. Penggunaan mikrokontroller pada perangkat medis triase menghabiskan biaya yang relatif rendah dan lebih mudah diperoleh. Sensor yang digunakan untuk menghitung periode pernapasan yaitu Dallas temperatur yang bersifat sangat presisi terhadap perubahan suhu. Sensor SpO2 digunakan untuk memonitoring saturasi oksigen dari hemoglobin serta menghitung jumlah detak jantung per satuan waktu. Dilengkapi dengan layar OLED untuk menampilkan hasil pengukuran sensor sehingga antarmuka menjadi lebih user friendly. Secara keseluruhan, perangkat medis triase ini diaplikasikan dengan cara memasangkannya pada pergelangan tangan pasien dan bekerja menggunakan tegangan 3,7 Volt dengan arus 850 mAh.
Inadequate clinical data on Pap test request form: Where are we headed in the era of precision medicine?
Authors: Kumar Neeta , Gupta Ruchika , Gupta Sanjay
Published: February 2020

The request form accompanying any sample to a clinical laboratory constitutes an important communication tool between the clinician and the laboratory personnel. Much has been written about the inadequacy of pertinent clinical data on the request slips for hematology and biochemistry tests and its impact on the subsequent test interpretation and error liability. Although the cytology laboratories, including those performing cervical cytology, have to deal with a similar problem of lack of clinical information critical to the proper interpretation of cytomorphologic features, the issue has not been attended to or reported adequately in the literature. This article attempts to explore this topic of inadequate clinical data on Pap test request form from multiple perspectives and suggest possible ways to circumvent this age-old problem. These recommendations may be tailor-made and adopted as per the individual laboratory’s logistics.
Librarianship at the Turn of the Century: Contribution of Y.A. Grikhanov
Authors: Firsov Vladimir R.
Published: February 2020

The article analyses the contribution of Y.A. Grikhanov to the development of librarianship and library science. The main activity trends of Y.A. Grikhanov were driven by the development tasks of the library sphere since the 1970s. The author highlights the key problems of library stocks knowledge and determines contribution of Y.A. Grikhanov to their resolution. He was one of the organizers of the system of Depository storage of library collections in the libraries of Russia; he worked in the Department of Libraries of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The main priorities of the Department activities in 1991—1999 were the creation of the All-Russian information-library computer network, the formation of “National Program for the preservation of library stocks”, the determination of priorities of the state library policy. Y.A. Grikhanov is one of the founders of the Federal Law “On Librarianship” and “The Model Library Code for the CIS Member States”. “The Library Encyclopaedia”, prepared under the guidance of Y.A. Grikhanov, reflects the holistic period of development of library science in Russia. Contribution of Y.A. Grikhanov to library stocks knowledge, library law and philosophical basis of library theory is huge. He is the leading scientist and organizer who has influenced the development of librarianship in Russia and the CIS countries.