bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of the Legal Status of Children with Disabilities in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Assistant Judge of the Sovetskiy District Court of Astrakhan, Kalinina Nadezhda N.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the basics of legal regulation of the legal status of children with disabilities. A systematic analysis of the main international legal acts regulating this sphere of relations is carried out. Based on the comments submitted by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, proposals are formulated to improve the current national legislation of the Russian Federation, designed to increase the effectiveness of the mechanism for implementing guaranteed rights for children with disabilities.
Assignment of Claim Against an Insolvent Debtor: Ways to Protect the Assignee’s Rights in Case of Presence of Grounds for Claim Subordination
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Ural State Law University, PhD (Law), Fedotov Dmitriy V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses methods to protect the rights of the assignee from the dishonest behavior of the assignor, who, when concluding the contract, has concealed the right to claim the right to claim grounds for lowering the order of satisfaction of such a claim against the insolvent debtor. It is proved that the best means of protection at the stage of concluding a contract would be to use the institution of assurance of circumstances or to establish in the contract the right of the assignee to unilaterally terminate the contract in case of subordination of the claim. If the contract does not establish mechanisms for protecting the rights of the assignee, then the optimal solution for the assignee would be to challenge the contract as concluded under the influence of a material misconception.
Normal Business Operations of a Debtor in a Bankruptcy Case: Some Aspects and the Meaning of Contractor`s Good Faith
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Bashkir State University, PhD (Law), Koroleva Darya V.
Published: December 2021

Legal scholars draw close attention to the issue of the content of the concept of ordinary business activity. It is still necessary to take into account not only the already systematized explanations of the higher courts on certain issues in every insolvency case, but also the dynamics of the judicial practice and certain aspects of the debtor’s activity in a bankruptcy case. The possibility of classifying a debtor-bankrupt transaction made during a period of suspicion and in arrears on transactions as ordinary business activity of a debtor is one of the topical issues analyzed in the article. The criteria of the understanding bankruptcy debtor`s deals made during a period of suspicion and in arrears on transactions as ordinary business activity were defined in following article, also the meaning of good faith principle was defined.
Losses as the Most Widespread Civil Liability Measure
Authors:   Chief Legal Officer of MAYAK Municipal Unitary Enterprise, Senior Lecturer of the Kaliningrad Branch of the Moscow University of Finance and Law (MFUA), Kovyazina Natalya M.
Published: December 2021

Currently, subjects of civil law are more likely to apply for a penalty in the form of a penalty, despite the possibility of collecting damages. This is due to the simplicity of calculating the penalty and the transparency of the application. From year to year there is a practical problem of calculating and proving the amount of losses in courts. An economically sound calculation is one of the ways to solve this problem. But the normative consolidation of such a calculation would allow the “weak side” not to turn to experts-appraisers every time, but to the courts to confidently make a decision. The relevance of this article lies in the study of the loss and identifying ways to solve the problem on the application of this measure in practice. The author studied the nature of the loss as a measure of civil liability, based on the study of judicial practice and various scientific opinions. The analysis carried out makes it possible to expand the range of scientific ideas about the loss and form new ways of solving the problems posed in practice.
New Methods and Classification of Fraudulent Actions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Starostenko Oleg A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Consideration of the method of committing crimes as a key element of the characteristics of crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies during the period of current restrictions in Russia COVID-19; empirical analysis of the views of criminologists on the way of committing fraud; classification of methods of computer fraud during a pandemic. Methodology: when writing the article, the author used the methods of empirical (observation of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country and the state of crime) and theoretical research, through observation, monitoring and comparison — data from the media; information provided by the official websites of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the General Prosecutor’s Office. Conclusions. An analysis of the established views of domestic and foreign criminologists on the method of committing cyber fraud allows us to draw conclusions about the lack of special knowledge about the method of committing a crime, criminological classification of fraudulent actions and the presence of differences in understanding the method of committing fraud in the sciences of criminology, criminal law and forensics. The use of the classification proposed by the author of the ways of committing fraud in the future, in our opinion, will allow to reflect in detail the online reality in the mind of the subject, reduce the process of victimization of the individual and minimize virtual risks. Scientific and practical significance. The conclusions and proposals contained in the article can be used in the process of improving legislation in order to prevent fraud on the global Internet and through telephone communications, serve as material for further scientific research in the field of information and telecommunications crime. The conclusions and suggestions made can be taken into account when creating special programs aimed at preventing fraud. The conclusions and results of the article may be of practical importance for the development of separate programs for control over the crime of victimization of the population and in lawmaking activities while improving the Russian legislation.
Comprehension Approach to the Study of Law and Law Enforcement in the Works by Professor A.V. Fedorov
Authors:   Head of the Department of Advocacy and Law Enforcement Activities of the Russian State Social University, LL.D., Zakhartsev Sergey I. , Salnikov Viktor P. ,   Adviser to Rector of the Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Vladimirov Vladimir Yu. ,   Chief Research Scientist of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The article is devoted to the 65th anniversary of the famous practitioner and scientist — Professor Alexander Fedorov. It provides brief information about the hero of the day, data on the main directions of his scientific research and published works, and concludes that he formed an intersectoral scientific school of combating crime with an emphasis on the comprehensive approach to the study of law and law enforcement inherent in this researcher. The purpose of the article is to promote the most significant works of famous Russian scientists. Methodology: dialectics, hermeneutics, synergetics. Conclusions. The article shows that it is practice that determines the need for conducting appropriate legal research, since legal science cannot be divorced from the realities of life, but is derived from them, providing the solution of practical problems. In turn, legal practice, first, is largely based on the results of previous scientific activity, and secondly, ultimately aimed at solving practical problems. Scientific and practical significance. The article proves that, on the one hand, legal practice is a source of development of legal science, and on the other hand, legal science largely determines what legal practice should be. At the same time, both science and practice in their combination in this article successfully develop a comprehensive theory of law.
Government Efforts to Prevent Potential Violence Against Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Sup Devid Frastiawan Amir
Published: December 2021

The implementation of large-scale social restrictions in Indonesia to prevent the wider spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, ultimately has socio-economic impacts, which then on a household scale also has the potential to cause violence in it. Women are those who are vulnerable to becoming victims of violence, especially during this pandemic. This research aims to describe the efforts taken by the government in Indonesia in preventing potential violence against women during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative-descriptive-textual methods. The results of this research are, to overcome these socio-economic impacts, the government has taken efforts through social safety net programs. Furthermore, to prevent the potential for violence against women during this pandemic, the government took the effort by implementing the Protocol on the Handling of Cases of Violence Against Women in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. The value of this research are, to explain that the government has special attention to ensure the availability of protection services for victims of violence against women during this pandemic. Furthermore, through this research, the researchers invite together to work together in support of the efforts taken by the government to minimize the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, so that it can be resolved immediately.
Implementación del Acuerdo Final y Planes de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial: ¿una reforma rural integral para los territorios?
Authors: Marriner Castro Karen Vanessa , Menjura Tatiana
Published: December 2021

Con la firma del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera (Acuerdo Final), el Estado colombiano asumió, a partir de 2016, el compromiso de implementar, en un periodo de 15 años, una serie de compromisos estructurados en seis puntos: 1) Hacia un nuevo campo colombiano: reforma rural integral (RRI), 2) Participación política: apertura democrática para construir la paz, 3) Fin del conflicto, 4) Solución al problema de las drogas ilícitas, 5) Acuerdo sobre las víctimas del conflicto, y 6) Implementación, verificación y refrendación. Si bien la implementación del Acuerdo Final cobija la totalidad del territorio colombiano, 170 municipios fueron priorizados por ser los territorios más afectados por el conflicto armado, con mayores índices de pobreza, presencia de economías ilícitas y debilidad institucional. Dicha priorización es consignada en el punto 1 del Acuerdo Final, en tanto este concentra sus estrategias en la transformación estructural del campo, creando condiciones de bienestar para la población rural. Bajo ese contexto surgen, en el Plan Marco de Implementación (PMI), los Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial (PDET) como elementos con los que se busca garantizar la adopción del enfoque territorial y, así, poder cerrar las brechas campo-ciudad, identificando como principal obstáculo –no único– el problema de la tenencia de la propiedad de la tierra. A partir de lo anterior, este documento hace una revisión sobre el avance en la implementación de los indicadores con clasificador PDET, para poder identificar los principales avances, así como los cuellos de botella más importantes en el camino hacia la consolidación de una paz estable y duradera que se materialice en los territorios.
Macronutrients status of the elderly (60-80 years) from central India
Authors:   Nagpur University, India, Kimaya R , Sharma R
Published: December 2021

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the macronutrient intake of the elderly (60- 80 years) from Central India. Four hundred elderly, which included 200 males and 200 females were selected from Nagpur city, Maharashtra, India, through stratified random sampling. All subjects were personally interviewed . T heir socio - demographic characteristics and general dietary practices were studied by specially formulated questionnaire s whereas quantitative daily food intake was assessed by 24 - hour recall method s. The data were analyzed according to age (60 – 70 Y; 70 – 80 Y) and sex using frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Pearson’s Correlation coefficient was used to determine the influence of the underlying determinants on macronutrient intake . Higher proportions of elderly males (31.5 %) were in the age group of 65- 70 years whereas 44% elderly females were from the age group of 60 -65 years. The majority of elderly males (91.5%) a nd females (73.5%) were married . Pension was the main source of income for the majority of elderly males (70.5%) and females (76.6%). 74% elderly females and 73% males were found to be consuming 4- 5 meals in a day. 92% and 91% of elderly females and males were consuming meals regularly , respectively. The percent adequacy for pulses, other vegetables, milk and milk products and fat in elderly males was higher than Recommended Dietary Intake whereas in elderly females the percent adequacy for other vegetables and fat was higher than Recommended Dietary Intake suggested for Indian adults . The mean intake of pulse s (z = 2.07 p<0.05), other vegetable s (z = 2.03 p<0.05), fruit s (z = 2.04 p<0.05) and fat (z = 2.53 p<0.05) was found to be significantly higher in elderly males of 60- 70 years than 70- 80 years. However, the dietary intake amongst the elderly females of 60- 70 years and 70- 80 years did not show any significant difference. Except fat intake in elderly females, consumption of all macronutrients was found to be less than Recommended Dietary Allowance suggested for adult Indians in both elderly males and females. The macronutrient intake in the elderly showed a significant negative correlation with age and positive correlation with number of meals consumed. Majority health problems among the elderly are diet related and nutrition dependent. There is an urgent need to prevent physiological aging getting converted in to pathological aging by creating health and nutrition awareness among elderly.
Antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract and saponin from an edible vegetable: Vernonia amygdalina leaf
Authors:   Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Uganda, Adiukwu PC , Kayanja FIB , Rugera S , Murokore BJ , Nambatya GK ,   Natural Chemotherapeutic Research Laboratories, Uganda, Ezeonwumelu JOC ,   Kampala International University, Uganda, Tanayen JK , Twikirize O , Twinomujuni S , Byamugisha D , Imanirampa L
Published: December 2021

Vernonia amygdalina is commonly used for food and health purposes. The processing of the leaf for food is usually aimed at removing bitter tasting principles like saponins. This study was designed to determine the antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract, crude saponin and the chromatographic fraction of the crude saponin from the leaf. In the antipyretic evaluation, anal temperature change in fasted rats with prior induced pyrexia using intra-peritoneal administered 15% w/v Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was measured four hours after dose administration. In the antinociceptive evaluation, 0.6% acetic acid solution administered by intra peritoneal route at a dose of 15 ml/kg was used to induce writhing in the writhing test; hot plate at 55 °C ± 1 to induce thermal pain in the hot plate test; and cold mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1) maintained at -10 °C to initiate pain sensation in the cold tail flick tests. Antipyretic data showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) anal temperature decrease for all the test doses compared to the placebo. This was markedly observed with the aqueous extract at 0.55 oC ± 0.03 anal temperature decrease, compared to the 0.29 0C ± 0.01 of the crude saponin, at a similar dose level of 400 mg/kg. At 200 mg/kg dose, the crude saponin induced an anal temperature decrease of 0.14 0 C ± 0.02. This was higher than the response obtained with the chromatographic fraction which produced 0.06 0C ± 0.01 anal temperature decrease. Antinociceptive data was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the crude saponin in the writhing (52.58 % antinociceptic effect) and hot plate tests (14.24 maximum percent analgesia), contrary to observation in the cold tail flick test. Findings showed the antipyretic and non-steroid like antinociceptive property of the crude saponin, which may support the rationale for the use of Vernonia amygdalina leaf to reduce fever and/or pain.
Potential possibilities of 3D printing for producing composite materials based on natural bioand synthetic polymers (a review)
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Cheremisin D.G. , Mkrtchan V.R. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Ivankin A.N. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Ustyugov A.V. ,   MIREA — Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), Maslov M.I. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Nikonorova A.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

A review is presented on the modern method of 3D printing of various composites based on synthetic and natural biopolymers with the inclusion of wood raw materials. Some features of scientific and technological approaches to the formation of a specific product using abstract computer modeling are described. A classification and review of the most common and promising 3D printing technologies using degraded raw materials with the inclusion of wood processing products is given. It is shown that using 3D printing, it is very promising to obtain «artificial wood», which is a mixture of a wood base with an inert polymer binder, which can be either based on synthetic polymers or based on natural biomatrix obtained from ecologically safe constituents of herbal raw materials. It is indicated that an important aspect of the problem of obtaining modern biocomposites is the dispersion of the materials used, which affects the entire complex of physical and mechanical properties of the product. The areas of application of the materials used are given. Trends in the development of 3D printing technology with the use of polymer binders based on natural and synthetic polymers are analyzed and the prospects of using natural biopolymers based on plant raw materials for the production of goods and materials necessary for humans as environmentally friendly products are shown. It is concluded that an impending explosive growth in the production and use of 3D composite materials based on natural and synthetic polymers with the inclusion of cheap wood components in the context of a significant reduction in production costs and the rapid production of the required products with low cost of products in the implementation of a highly efficient method 3D printing.
Betula pendula Roth. natural regeneration in forest-steppe zone of Tatarstan Republic
Authors:   Kazan State Agrarian University, Singatullin I.K. , Shakhraziev Sh.Sh. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University, Glushko S.G. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University
Published: December 2021

A direct dependence of the birch coppice regeneration on the diameter of the tree trunk, felling age, forest growth conditions, seed regeneration, soil and climatic conditions and the degree of soil mineralization has been revealed. It was found that after the dying of a 30-year-old birch due to a drought in 2010, coppice shoots appeared in 10 % of the trees on the studied area. The reasons for vegetative regeneration have been determined, which mainly occurs by the degree of thickness in trees with a trunk diameter of up to 22 cm, or by the category of state in dead wood (70 % of the total number of coppice). The absence of seed birch undergrowth in drying birch plantations was found as a result of the tremendous soil ramping and the predominance of small-leaved lime, aspen undergrowth, Norway maple of seed origin, and seed origin oak, which requires tending. For successful birch seed regeneration under favorable climatic conditions, it is recommended to carry out soil mineralization of at least 50 % of the total area. When carrying out vegetative propagation, it is necessary to cut birch no older than 40 years, and in case of useful properties loss in birch forests over 71 years old in protective forests, we recommend the use of clear cutting but not selective cutting. Keywords: natural renewal, hanging birch, undergrowth, logging, Republic of Tatarstan
Hereditary dependence of pigment composition in genus larch needles
Authors:   Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife Protection Nizhny Novgorod region, Yesichev A.O. , Besschetnova N.N. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Besschetnov V.P. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2021

The content and ratio of plastid pigments in the conifers of three species of the larch genus (Larix Mill.) were studied: Siberian larch (L. sibirica Ledeb.), Gmelin’s larch (L. Gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), Sukachev’s larch (L. Sukaczewii Dylis). Their seed progeny is concentrated on a pilot site in the Sergachsky forestry of the Nizhny Novgorod region with geographical coordinates 55°32 ‘14,2” N 45°28’01,0” E and an absolute height of 160 m. The site is assigned to the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests (the third forest-growing zone) and is included in the area of coniferous-broad-leaved (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the needles was determined by spectrophotometric method at wavelengths: 665 nm, 649 nm, 452,5 nm. Samples for research were prepared in accordance with the principle of a single logical difference and randomized sample formation. Phenotypic differences in the pigment composition of needles between representatives of these species were revealed. The pigment composition of Siberian larch is dominated by chlorophyll a (3,76 ± 0,12 mg/g), significantly less chlorophyll b (1,87 ± 0,07 mg/g) and even less carotenoids (0,59 ± 0,02 mg/g). The same is observed in the pigment composition of other larch species. The hereditary conditionality of the species specificity of Siberian larch, Gmelin’s larch and Sukachev’s larch was established for all the tested characteristics. The greatest influence (29,84 ± 1,61 %) on the formation of the total phenotypic dispersion was observed in the ratio of the content of chlorophyll-a to the content of carotenoids, the least (5,89 ± 2,16 %) — in the content of dry matter in the needles. Relatively high values were obtained for the proportion of carotenoids (26,74 ± 1,68 %) and the ratio of their content to the total of chlorophylls (26,39 ± 1,69 %). The studied species showed an unequal level of similarity or significant differences in the individual characteristics of the pigment composition of needles.
El civil law frente al precedente judicial vinculante: diálogos con académicos de América Latina y Europa
Authors: Castro Jordi Delgado , Díaz García Luis Iván
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el tema del precedente judicial vinculante. Para su ejecución, se usó como metodología la entrevista semiestructurada, participando de ella un total de treinta y dos académicos de diez países de América Latina y Europa. Los resultados se estructuran en torno a los argumentos a favor y en contra del precedente como posición teórica; a narrar cómo se comportan los tribunales vértice y el resto frente a los precedentes; y, finalmente, a conocer los obstáculos que impiden seguir correctamente los precedentes.
Redes sociales, funas, honor y libertad de expresión: análisis crítico de los estándares de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema chilena
Authors: Contreras Vásquez Pablo , Lovera Parmo Domingo
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo tiene por objeto llenar el vacío de la literatura chilena y contribuir en la sistematización y el análisis crítico respecto de los criterios y estándares en torno a cómo se han aplicado las normas delderecho fundamentales en relación con las publicaciones en redes sociales. Para ello, revisa la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema en casos de acciones de protección durante el año 2020 y fija los criterios aplicables. En la mayoría de los casos, la Corte ha acogido los reclamos de quienes han visto su honra personal afectada y ha ordenado eliminar las publicaciones de las redes. El estudio plantea una mirada crítica de la jurisprudencia, puesto que algunas decisiones no brindan suficiente atención y peso a la tutela de la libertad de expresión, especialmente al seguir un criterio excesivamente legalista. Además, planteamos que la acción de protección tiene limitaciones procedimentales para lidiar con los problemas de doxing en redes sociales.
Derrotabilidad de reglas y principios. Una propuesta de análisis
Authors: García Yzaguirre Victor
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo voy a analizar críticamente la propuesta de conceptualización de derrotabilidad de reglas y derrotabilidad de principios en las tesis de Manuel Atienza y Juan Ruiz Manero. Para tales efectos realizaré una breve reconstrucción de sus propuestas con el fin de justificar tres puntos: a) la derrota de reglas es mejor entendida como un proceso reinterpretativo del material jurídico; b) derrotar reglas no es equivalente a derrotar principios; y c) el lenguaje de las reglas y los principios presenta las mismas operaciones y resultados que el lenguaje de las experiencias recalcitrantes y de las lagunas axiológicas, solo que, a diferencia de estas, el primero de los lenguajes presupone una pretensión prescriptiva sobre cómo debe ser entendido el material jurídico. Para alcanzar estos objetivos tomaré los siguientes pasos: en lasección II presentaré de forma crítica su distinción entre reglas y principios, la noción de lícito e ilícito atípico, y qué quiere decir que las reglas sean resistentes a principios. En la sección III discutiré el que las tesis reconstruidas padezcan de ambigüedad al momento de hablar de derrotabilidad. Presentan, por un lado, un problema de superabilidad entre normas y, por el otro, un problema de relevancia aparente de una norma para resolver un caso individual. Asimismo, ofreceré una propuesta de reformulación de la derrota de reglas desde la teoría de la interpretación. Por último, finalizaré mostrando que el lenguaje de las reglas y los principios presupone una tesis normativa sobre cómo deben ser identificadas las normas.
Justicia de familia y victimización secundaria: un estudio aplicado con niños, jueces y abogados
Authors: Carretta Francesco , Quiroga Manuela Garcia
Published: December 2021

La Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño, establecida hace ya más de treinta años, instituye el derecho de cada niño, niña o adolescente (NNA) a participar en todos los asuntos que los afecten. En la justicia de familia se toman decisiones que afectan directamente las vidas de los NNA involucrados en dichos procesos. Paralelamente, se encuentra el fenómeno ampliamente estudiado de la victimización secundaria (VIC) en justicia penal, que implica ciertos resguardos o límites a la participación de los NNA en dichos procesos. El presente artículo analiza críticamente la existencia de la VIC en el contexto de los tribunales de familia. En un estudio cualitativo, se exploran las opiniones de jueces (n = 10), abogados (n = 10), y niños y niñas (n = 6) sobre la participación infantil en las causas de familia. El análisis de los datos suministrados por las entrevistas de jueces y abogados se hizo en base a diez dimensiones de análisis; y, además, se utilizó el método dogmático con la descripción y el análisis comparativo y crítico del derecho, el cual se confrontó a los aspectos recogidos en el trabajo empírico. El análisis de datos de los participantes niños y niñas fue realizado mediante un análisis categorial basado en tres categorías: ser informados, ser escuchados y ser considerados en la toma de decisiones. Adicionalmente, se extrajeron de manera inductiva factores facilitadores y obstaculizadores acerca de su experiencia en tribunales de familia. Los resultados indican que jueces y abogados muestran interés por la participación infantil, pero limitada por la opinión de que podría existir una VIC similar a la existente en procesos penales. Esto contrasta con las percepciones de niños y niñas, quienes señalan su interés en ser informados y escuchados, y proponen algunos elementos para que esta experiencia resulte favorable, como la menor presencia de adultos en la sala, el conocer previamente a abogados y jueces, y el trato amable hacia ellos y ellas. Finalmente, se elaboran sugerencias para los contextos de la justicia de familia con el fin de garantizar el respeto al derecho a la participación de todos los niños, niñas y adolescentes en los temas que les afectan, evitando vulneraciones.
The Relationship between Knowledge with Doctors and Nurses’ Compliance Level to Use PPE in Hospital Surgery Room during Pandemic Era
Authors: Artanto Ardi , Pratiwi Ratih , Rizda Hilma Tri Ayu
Published: December 2021

Hospitals are not only as a place of treatment, but also as a health service facility that can be a source of infection for other people. Doctors, nurses and other medical personnel are often exposed to potential hazards in hospitals, thus requiring protection in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, compliance with the use of PPE is not always high, which makes doctors and nurses more vulnerable to risk of occupational diseases in hospitals. In one of conducted studies, the conditions that were less compliant in using PPE for health workers were 30%. One of the things that might affect this level of compliance is knowledge about PPE. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and compliance level to use personal protective equipment among doctors and nurses in operating room installation from a private hospital in 2020. Analytic observational by using cross sectional research design was used in this study. The population were all doctors and nurses at operating room installation of mentioned hospital above. Sampling was taken by total sampling method and 26 samples met the inclusion criteria. In this study, there were 23 respondents (88.5%) obeyed the use of personal protective equipment, meanwhile 3 respondents (11.5%) who did not. The 3 respondents were on loop or circular nurses. So, there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance in the use of personal protective equipment with p-value = 0.027and OR=44.

Keywords: personal protective equipment, knowledge level, compliance level
Trash Trade and Environmental Regulations: An Assessment
Authors: Dawood Shamila , Azhar Ajra
Published: December 2021

Following China's decision to ban trash import in 2018, some countries in Southeast Asia are at the forefront of banning and imposing stringent measures to crackdown trash trade. The new trend in trash trade regulations had further impacted weaker countries and made a haven for dumping waste unless they adopt a uniform mechanism to regulate or completely ban trash trade within the region. This study aimed to analyze the recent response of some developing countries to the trash trade and how likely this response impact other countries in the same region, taking into account the impact of the trash trade on the environment and health and waste handling capacity. This study adopted doctrinal analysis that combined descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze trash trade and regulation impacts in developing countries and arrived at a need for a holistic approach and national waste management policy to encourage the recycling industry in trash receiving states. This study found that although developing countries had a perfect set of rules and norms regarding sustainable waste management and protecting illicit trash trade, most of them had shortages due to internal and external factors. Solid waste management in developing and least developed countries was a never-ending problem due to the low technological requirements and economic investments. 

KEYWORDS: Trash Trade, Developing Countries, Environmental Justice.
Ability to Report Emergency at Farmers in the Agriculture Area
Authors: Fibriansari Rizeki Dwi , Maisyaroh Arista , Widianto Eko Prasetya
Published: December 2021

Background: Low knowledge and motivation about using personal protective equipment on farmers can cause workplace accidents. Upper limb injuries comprise 67% of all injuries, and the most active parts are fingers (43%). Due to the high number of injuries among farmers, the community needs emergency services where this emergency condition requires immediate health services to reduce mortality and prevent disability.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers ability to report daily emergencies in the agricultural area of ​​Lumajang.

Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The research respondents were 62 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of knowledge of injury recognition, management, and emergency events reporting. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.

Results: Knowledge of farmers recognizing injuries with good categories as much as 92% (p = 0.042), knowledge of farmers doing injury management as much as 80.6% in good category (p = 0.000), and knowledge of reporting of daily emergency events in agricultural areas as much as 61, 3% is moderate (p = 0.000). Recognizing the causes of injury of farming areas will increase farmers' knowledge in managing injuries to seek assistance in handling victims quickly and accurately with useful reporting techniques.

Conclusion: The ability to report emergency events in the agricultural area is still in an adequate category. We must continuously improve the socialization of standard operational procedures (SOP) regarding effective communication in reporting injury incidents at PSC 119 Lumajang District. Services provided are fast, precise, responsive, and alert to prevent disability and save someone's life from death.
Makna Pernikahan pada Generasi Milenial yang Menunda Pernikahan dan Memutuskan untuk Tidak Menikah
Authors: Nurviana Adilah , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali makna pernikahan pada generasi milenial yang menunda dan memutuskan tidak menikah. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi. Partisipan berjumlah 60 milenial (lahir tahun 1982-2000), terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok penunda (63,3%) dan kelompok penolak (36,7%). Mereka tersebar di seluruh Indonesia meskipun dominan Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) bagi kelompok penunda, pernikahan adalah tahapan hidup baru, hidup bersama pasangan, jangan egois, harus kondusif untuk membesarkan anak, idealnya pasangan adalah orang tercinta, tempat di mana pasangan harus dewasa, ibadah, jangan dilakukan karena tekanan orang lain, butuh persetujuan kedua pihak, harus dilakukan dengan serius, sarana melahirkan generasi baru, dan dilakukan oleh pria dan wanita; (2) bagi kelompok penolak, pernikahan itu rumit, beban, tidak abadi, beresiko, meragukan, harus didasari rasa ketertarikan, bukan milestone, tidak penting, tidak sakral, dan butuh kesabaran.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Karyawan yang Mengalami Job Mismatch
Authors: Marcheline Aliffia Reza , Adiati Rosatyani Puspita
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada karyawan yang mengalami job mismatch. Penelitian ini melibatkan 70 partisipan yang bekerja tidak sesuai latar belakang pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dengan skala kepuasan kerja dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Teknik analisis menggunakan uji regresi dengan simple linear regression dengan bantuan program Jamovi 1.6.23. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian memiliki nilai signifikansi (p) sebesar <.001 dengan koefisien regresi (R2) sebesar 0.289. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada karyawan yang mengalami job mismatch.
Hubungan antara Self-Efficacy dengan Kesiapan Kerja pada Mahasiswa Semester Akhir
Authors: Wijikapindho Resia Anugrah , Hadi Cholichul
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat aspek self-efficacy terhadap kesiapan kerja pada mahasiswa semester akhir. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester akhir di Universitas Airlangga. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan menggunakan alat ukur Skala General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) dan Skala Kesiapan Kerja. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji regresi linier sederhana dan menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistic 22. Hasil membuktikan self-efficacy berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa dengan p<0,05. Selain itu juga didapati self-efficacy mampu memprediksi R²=0.041 terhadap kesiapan kerja.
Pengaruh Keberfungsian Keluarga terhadap Penyesuaian Akademik pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Selama Proses Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Igirisa Silvia Febriyanti , Yoenanto Nono Hery
Published: December 2021

Transisi dari sekolah menuju perkuliahan merupakan fase yang menimbulkan berbagai tantangan sehingga menuntut mahasiswa untuk dapat melakukan penyesuaian akademik, terlebih pada situasi pandemi Covid-19. Proses penyesuaian akademik membutuhkan dukungan dari pihak keluarga yang berfungsi secara sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keberfungsian keluarga terhadap penyesuaian akademik pada mahasiswa tahun pertama selama proses pembelajaran dalam jaringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang melibatkan 254 partisipan. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah skala Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire dan Family Assessment Device. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberfungsian keluarga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyesuaian akademik pada mahasiswa tahun pertama selama proses pembelajaran daring sebesar 29,7%.
LITERATURE REVIEW: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME IN GIRLS ADOLESCENT
Authors: Mbati Dorkas Day , Alit Ni Ketut , Hidayati Laily
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls is very disturbing daily activities. Changes such as feeling sensitive or irritable, lack of confidence, difficulty concentrating, crying easily, restlessness and anxiety. Premenstrual syndrome in adolescents causes anxiety so that it can result in decreased interest in activities. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that influence premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls based on empirical studies in the last five years.Method: The literature review article search was conducted in five databases (Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar), the search was conducted from July to August 2020. A prism checklist was used to guide this review. Analyzed and tabulated data on articles. Title, abstract, full text and methodology were assessed to determine the feasibility of the study.Result: There were 10 studies that matched the research inclusion criteria, the studies were divided into two themes, namely the influencing factors of premenstrual syndrome (n= 8) and the impact of premenstrual syndrome (n= 2).Conclusion: Factors that affect premenstrual syndrome include: physiological factors include (age, education, length of menstruation, menstrual cycle, menstrual history, physical activity), nutritional factors include (diet, coffee consumption), psychological factors include (stress, feeling uncomfortable). , feelings of insecurity) and the external factor is the use of the internet. Premenstrual syndrome can physically show in the form of headache, breast tenderness, swelling of the extremities, abdominal and heartburn pain and psychologically shows anxiety, withdrawal, confusion, depression and irritability.
Taurine Antioxidant Effect in Decreasing Kidney Damage in Male Mice (Mus Musculus) due to Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat
Authors: Pratama Ricki , Hestianah Eka Pramyrtha , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus , Meles Dewa Ketut , Kurnijasanti Rochmah
Published: December 2021

Paraquat toxicity occurs through the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause damage due to oxidative stress. Antioxidants can reduce damage through prevention of oxidative stress. Taurine has shown the ability to act as an antioxidant. The aim of this research is to find a effect of antioxidant taurine to decrease kidney damage caused by oxidative stress due to paraquat by looking at the histopathology changes. 25 male adult mices from strain DDY were used and divided into five treatment groups; C(-) (Aquadest IP), C(+) (Paraquat 30mg/kg), P1 (Paraquat 30mg/kg + Taurine 250mg/kg), P2 (Paraquat 30mg/kg + Taurine 500mg/kg) and P3 (Paraquat 30mg/kg + Taurine 1000mg/kg). All groups were given treatment intraperitoneal for twenty one days. The mices were sacrificed where kidney were collected for histopathology preparation. The parameters measured were renal histopathological changes in form of degeneration and necrosis. The results show that taurine administration had an effect on decreased degrees of damage to kidney tubular cells, with a decrease in the mean degree of renal tubular degeneration and necrosis. Degeneration of renal tubular cells in groups (P2) reduced compared to the group (C+) there were significant differences (P <0.05). Necrosis of renal tubular cells in groups (P1, P2) reduced compared to the group (C+) there were significant differences (P <0.05).  In conclusion, this research proves that administration of paraquat causes renal histopathological changes which are characterized by degeneration and necrosis. It also proves that taurine dose of 500 mg/kgBB could provided optimal effect.
ZAKAT AS TAX REDUCTION: STUDY OF MUSLIM COMMUNITY PERCEPTION IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Authors: Ahmad Hafidh Aula , Johari Fuadah , Sholeh Maimun , Suprayitno Eko , Ngadiyono Ngadiyono
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the model adopted based on Muslim consumer perceptions of taxes through the zakat system. This research uses three stages of comprehensive technical analysis through demographic depiction of respondents based on distribution frequently, then tests the adopted factors using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to select and determine the number of factors and related items. In the final stage, data analysis is carried out in the form of the modeling technique using Structure Equations Model (SEM) to test the quality of the models and hypotheses produced. 152 respondents were collected who were sampled in this study, the majority of respondents are 77 Malaysian citizens  and 75  Indonesian residents. At the testing stage of the model through the Structural Equation Model (SEM), based on the results of the formation factors in the test, it can be said that only the knowledge about tax, religious, and service variables have an impact on perception toward through zakat system positively and significantly, but through testing the serviceability of a model results in a determinant coefficient of 0.668, which it was relatively strong to explaining independent variable.
Karakterisasi Karbamazepin Hasil Rekristalisasi Berbagai Pelarut Organik dengan Metode Slow Evaporation
Authors: Indra Indra , Rahman Rendi , Yulianti Rika
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Karbamazepin termasuk ke dalam golongan Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) kelas II yang artinya bahwa karbamazepin memiliki permeabilitas membran tinggi dan kelarutan rendah. Rekristalisasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk memodifikasi kristal dalam upaya mengubah sifat fisikokimia dan laju disolusi obat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisikokimia karbamazepin melalui rekristalisasi berbagai pelarut. Metode: Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rekristalisasi dengan cara penguapan pelarut menggunakan pelarut etanol, tetrahidrofuran (THF), dan kloroform. Padatan kristal hasil rekristalisasi dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri FTIR, difraksi sinar-X (PXRD), dan analisis differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi mikromeritik dan uji disolusi. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan PXRD menunjukan tidak terjadi perubahan struktur kimia dari karbamazepin, tetapi menyebabkan perubahan internal struktur dan perubahan bentuk (polimorfisme) kristal karbamazepin. Hasil evaluasi mikromeritik menunjukkan adanya perubahan sifat fungsional pada padatan kristal hasil rekristalisasi dibandingkan dengan karbamazepin murni, diketahui padatan kristal hasil rekristalisasi etanol menunjukkan sifat mikromeritik yang lebih baik dibandingkan bentuk murni. Uji disolusi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan laju disolusi pada padatan kristal hasil rekristalisasi berbagai pelarut dibandingkan dengan karbamazepin murni. Pada padatan kristal hasil rekristalisasi THF memiliki laju disolusi paling tinggi dari pelarut yang lain, yaitu pada menit ke-60 jumlah terdisolusi sebesar 65,09%. Kesimpulan: Proses rekristalisasi karbamazepin dengan pelarut etanol, tetrahidrofuran dan kloroform menghasilkan polimorf baru sehingga sifat fisikokimia padatan hasil rekristalisasi berbeda dibandingkan karbamazepin murni. Berdasarkan hasil uji disolusi in vitro dapat diketahui bahwa karbamazepin hasil rekristalisasi dengan pelarut tetrahidrofuran memiliki laju disolusi yang paling tinggi.
In Vitro Antimalarial Activity and Toxicity of Helianthus annuus L. Leaf Extract against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Marangoh Nuriha , Suciati Suciati , Ekasari Wiwied
Published: December 2021

Background: Malaria is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. The morbidity rate is still quite high, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of the leaf extracts of Helianthus annuus L. against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 as well as the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Methods: The leaves of H. annuus were extracted by the maceration method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol 96% to increase polarity. The antimalarial assay was performed by using Trager and Jensen method, and the cytotoxicity test was carried out by the MTT method. Results: The results of antimalarial study showed that the chloroform extract had IC50 value of 0.002 µg/mL and CC50value of 138.03 µg/mL, 96% ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 0.02 µg/mL and CC50 value of 617.81 µg/mL, and n-hexane extract had an IC50 value of 1.29 µg/mL and CC50 value of 104.89 µg/mL. The selectivity index (SI) values of the chloroform, ethanolic, and n-hexane extracts were calculated and obtained 69,015.00, 30,890.50, and 81.31, respectively. Conclusion:  To conclude, the chloroform extract of H. annuus L. leaf gave strong antimalarial activity against P. falciparum strain 3D7 without any cytotoxicity; therefore, H. annuus L. leaf can be a good candidate for the development of an antimalarial drug.