bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trisomia 8 (sindrome de warkany 2) reporte de dos casos
Authors: Talavera-Vargas-Machuca Sergio , Gamboa-Ore Ismenia , Mendoza-Ibáñez Elina , Fajardo-Loo María Luisa , Torres-Gonzáles Dina , Zevallos-Murgado Jackeline , Barrientos-Marca Ruth , Contreras-Aguilar Leonor
Published: January 2019

La trisomía 8 es una anomalía numérica autosómica poco frecuente entre la población, siendo la mayoría de las veces unacondición letal entre individuos con líneas trisómicas puras y más tolerable en casos de mosaicismos. Esta aneuploidíase caracteriza principalmente por un déficit intelectual de moderado a severo y pobre coordinación motora. Los individuosafectados presentan malformaciones craneofaciales, donde destacan una frente prominente, paladar ojival y orejasdeformadas y de implantación baja, tronco alargado, reducción de la motilidad a nivel articular, y surcos plantares profundosque es una de las principales características de esta condición, las anomalías de órganos internos tienen severidad variable.Presentamos el reporte de dos casos de trisomía 8 o síndrome de Warkany 2 nacidos en el Instituto Nacional MaternoPerinatal.
Hipotermia terapéutica en el tratamiento de encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
Authors: Medina-Alva Pilar , Dávila-Aliaga Carmen Rosa , Mendoza-Ibañez Elina
Published: January 2019

Presentamos el primer caso de aplicación de hipotermia terapéutica en una recién nacida con diagnóstico de encefalopatía hipóxico isqúemica moderada que cumplía los criterios de inclusión. Se reportan los factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos, evolución y monitoreo durante la hipotermia, asi como el seguimiento post alta, en nuestra institución.
Factores asociados a displasia esquelética en fetos de gestantes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima de junio del 2009 a setiembre 2016
Authors: Ingar-Pinedo Jaime , Mallma-Rojas Kathia Katherine , Limay-Ríos Oscar Antonio , Huertas-Tacchino Erasmo , Castillo-Urquiaga Walter , Ventura-Laveriano Walter , Zarate-Girao Mario
Published: January 2019

Materno Perinatal de Lima de junio del 2009 a setiembre 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional,retrospectivo, transversal analítico, de caso y control. El tamaño de muestra fue de 328 gestantes .Para los casos serevisaron 82 historias clínicas de gestantes cuyo feto presentó diagnóstico ecográfico de displasia esquelética y para loscontroles se realizó la revisión de 246 historias clínicas de pacientes cuyo feto no presentaba ninguna malformación fetal,guardando la relación entre casos y controles de 1:3.
El femur corto no es un buen marcador de sindrome de down en fetos peruanos
Authors: Limay-Ríos Oscar Antonio , Macha-Castañeda Frandy , Ingar-Pinedo Jaime , Castillo-Urquiaga Walter , Ventura-Laveriano Walter , Zarate-Girao Mario
Published: January 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la similitud o diferencia de longitud del fémur de fetos normales comparados a los fetos con síndromede Down en el Instituto Materno Perinatal periodo 2011-2015. Metodología. Es un estudio de investigación cuantitativo,retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo Correlacional y Transversal. Nuestra población fue todos los fetos del InstitutoNacional Materno Perinatal en el periodo 2011-2015, que tuvieron la medida de Longitud del Fémur y la base de datoscompleta, que cumplen con los criterios de Inclusión y Exclusión.
Lactancia materna: decision inteligente, multiples beneficios y futuro protegido
Authors: Dávila-Aliaga Carmen Rosa
Published: January 2019

El mejor alimento para el recién nacido es la leche materna, dada la evidencia de ventajas médicas y del neurodesarrolloa corto y largo plazo, Debe ser considerada una estrategia de salud pública para reducción de morbimortalidad neonatal,mejora la calidad de vida a corto y largo plazo. La leche materna, también conocida como la sangre blanca, compuesta poraproximadamente 258 componentes, desde células vivas, macro y micronutrientes, hormonas, moléculas del sistema dedefensa, inmunoglobulinas, bacterias, etc; posee gran variabilidad en relación al momento dentro de la mamada, hora deldía, edad del bebé, de acuerdo a las necesidades del bebé entre otros. Las ventajas se extienden a la madre y son múltiples.Para aquellos casos en los que es imposible contar con leche materna debemos poder ofrecer la opción de recibir lechepasteurizada de un banco de leche. Actualmente el ministerio de salud y las instituciones de salud venimos trabajandopara acreditar como hospital amigo de la madre y del niño, velando por el cumplimiento de los 10 pasos para una lactanciamaterna exitosa, fomentando y apoyando la lactancia materna.
Nivel de satisfacción del familiar responsable de neonatos hospitalizados, sobre el cuidado de enfermería brindado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal - 2016
Authors: Gómez-Sangama Ivelisse
Published: January 2019

Objetivo. Describir el nivel de satisfacción del familiar responsable de neonatos hospitalizados, sobre la accesibilidad, explicación, facilitación, confort, anticipación, mantenimiento de una relación de confianza, monitoreo y seguimiento en el cuidado de enfermería brindado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN)-2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Participaron 30 familiares responsables de neonatos hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales en el mes de enero 2016. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta.
Relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y práctica en el cuidado de la administración de sulfato de magnesio, en casos de preeclampsia y eclampsia en enfermeras de emergencia y cuidados intensivos maternos
Authors: Garcilazo-Lazo Ana María
Published: January 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la relación nivel de conocimientos y las prácticas del cuidado en la administración de sulfato de magnesio en casos de Preedampsia y Eclampsia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico y descriptivo. La muestra fue 15 Enfermeras de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIM) y 20 enfermeras de Emergencia. La técnica fue la encuesta y la observación directa. Los instrumentos un cuestionario y una lista de chequeo. El cuestionario fue aplicado en reunión mensual de cada servicio, la lista de chequeo se realizó a través de dos observaciones directas en cada turno. La validez estadística del cuestionario fue sometido a la prueba Kuder Richarson y la lista de chequeo fue sometida a la prueba de ítem- test mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. La recolección de datos fue Junio y Octubre 2013, el procesamiento fue manual por un sistema de paloteo a una tabla matriz codificada.
Cirugía intrauterina para la corrección de espina bífida: a propósito del primer caso exitoso realizado en el perú
Authors: Ventura-Laveriano Walter , Mejía-Tupa Marco , Saldaña-Montes Pedro , Moreno-Gonzales Renato
Published: January 2019

Se presenta el caso de una primigesta de 23 semanas de edad gestacional referida a nuestro servicio con el diagnóstico prenatal de espina bífida abierta. Se coordinó un equipo multidisciplinario en el lapso de dos semanas para llevar a cabo la primera cirugía intrauterina de corrección de espina bífida. La operación se realizó a las 25 semanas y el parto por cesárea se produjo a las 37 semanas obteniéndose buenos resultados a corto plazo. Demostramos que esta cirugía, altamente especializada y que involucra un gran equipo multidisciplinario, se puede realizar exitosamente en nuestro país.
RETRACTED: Moxibustion Modulates Sympathoexcitatory Cardiovascular Reflex Responses Through Paraventricular Nucleus
Authors: Cheng Ling , Li Peng , Patel Yash , Gong Yiwei , Guo Zhi-Ling , Wu Huangan , Malik Shaista , Tjen-A-Looi Stephanie C.
Published: January 2019

Electroacupuncture (EA) point specific (ST36-37) stimulation decreases cardiovascular reflex responses through supraspinal regions such as the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) while mechanical stimulation of acupoints decreases pressor responses through peripheral thermal transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1). Moxibustion generating heat applied at acupoint in combination with antihypertensive drugs decreases elevated blood pressure. We hypothesized that moxibustion modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular responses through the hypothalamic PVN and peripheral heat sensitive TRPV1 in the absence of antihypertensive drugs. Rats were anesthetized, ventilated, and heart rate and mean blood pressure were monitored. Gastric distention induced consistent pressor reflex responses every 10-min. Thirty-minutes of bilateral moxibustion at the acupoint ST36, overlying the deep peroneal nerves, reduced the gastric distention evoked elevation in blood pressure. Blood pressure reflex responses were not reduced by both EA and moxibustion at G39. The moxibustion inhibition but not EA inhibition of the cardiovascular responses was reversed with blockade of local heat sensitive TRPV1 at ST36. Accordingly, activation of thermal TRPV1 by moxibustion at an average of 44.2°C in contrast to 40°C reduced the pressor responses. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, microinjected into PVN inhibited transiently the effect of moxibustion. Thus, activation of peripheral heat sensitive TRPV1 mediated the moxibustion-inhibition, but not EA-inhibition, of sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex responses through hypothalamic PVN opioid system.
Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures
Authors: Ciesielski Arkadiusz , Skowronski Lukasz , Trzcinski Marek , Górecka Ewa , Pacuski Wojciech , Szoplik Tomasz
Published: January 2019

Noble metal nanolayers on flat substrates are often deposited with the use of semiconductor interlayers, which may strongly interact with the noble metal overlayer. We investigated the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag deposited on either Te or Se, additional plasmonic bands originating from grain boundary segregation or diffusion occur, while for the Au layer, such resonances were not pronounced. In the permittivity of both materials, the intensity of the interband transition peaks is strongly altered, possibly due to the nano-alloy formation, but more likely due to the microstrain on metal grains.
Synthesis and biological activity of methylated derivatives of the Pseudomonas metabolites HHQ, HQNO and PQS
Authors: Thierbach Sven , Wienhold Max , Fetzner Susanne , Hennecke Ulrich
Published: January 2019

Selectively methylated analogues of naturally occurring 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolones, which are alkaloids common within the Rutaceae family and moreover are associated with quorum sensing and virulence of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been prepared. While the synthesis by direct methylation was successful for 3-unsubstituted 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolones, methylated derivatives of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) were synthesized from 3-iodinated quinolones by methylation and iodine–metal exchange/oxidation. The two N- and O-methylated derivatives of the PQS showed strong quorum sensing activity comparable to that of PQS itself. Staphylococcus aureus, another pathogenic bacterium often co-occurring with P. aeruginosa especially in the lung of cystic fibrosis patients, was inhibited in planktonic growth and cellular respiration by the 4-O-methylated derivatives of HQNO and HHQ, respectively.
VOLATILITY SMILE AT THE RUSSIAN OPTION MARKET
Authors: Golembiovsky D. , Baryshnikov I.
Published: January 2019

The main derivative exchange in Russia is FORTS (Futures and Options in RTS) which is a division of Russian Trade System (RTS). The underlying assets of option contracts are futures on Russian companies’ shares: OJSC “EES"1, OJPC “Lukoil"2 and OJSC “Gazprom"3. A basic model for estimation of fair option price is Black‐Scholes model, developed in the beginning of 70‐s’ years of the last century. This model defines the option premium as a cost of its hedging by underlying asset. It uses a number of assumptions: prices of underlying assets follow log‐normal distribution; hedging is accomplished continuously; an underlying asset is infinitely divisible; a volatility is constant on all period of option life. However, according to practice, prices of shares and futures do not follow normal or log‐normal distribution, a volatility can change during a life of option, and hedging is a discrete process. Thus, Black‐Scholes model can yield inexact results in real markets, especially it concerns deeply “in the money” or deeply “out of the money” options. The basic purpose of the paper is to investigate opportunities to apply Black‐Scholes model for an estimation of option premiums in the Russian market.
PRINCIPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING METHODS
Authors: Lisiński Marek , Šaruckij Mark
Published: January 2019

Strategic planning methods form an extensively developed and interrelated group of dozens of methods used for organisation strategy development. Research has confirmed that only a small amount of firms use strategic planning methods in practice due to different reasons. The publications on strategic planning are devoted mostly to theoretical issues or empirical characteristics of chosen sub‐problems related to this concept of management. The methodological aspects, if at all, are taken into account as marginal or of minor importance. The purpose of this article is to present the principles of strategic planning methods classification and application. The methodology used in this research is based on the taxonomy methods and particularly Ward's method. A total amount of 28 different strategic planning methods were chosen and classified in our study.
THE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMC?
Authors: Bentzen Jan , Madsen Erik Strøjer , Smith Valdemar
Published: January 2019

The extensive empirical literature on the validity of Gibrat's law does not in general verify the law as it finds that firms’ growth rates are negatively correlated with both firm size and age. However, some studies find that Gibrat's law holds for sub‐samples of firms such as large firms or firms belonging to special industries. It has been pointed out that these results are due to the fact that the likelihood of firm survival for natural reasons is positively related to firm size and age. This study uses a relatively large and representative sample of Danish firms to evaluate the validity of Gibrat's law for different kinds of firms over the period 1990 ‐ 2003. In contrast to the majority of earlier studies our analysis corrects for the bias in the estimations by using variables related to the survival of small firms.
THE ANALYSIS OF COMPANY'S CAPITAL AND EVALUATION OF FACTORS, WHICH INFLUENCE CREATION OF THE OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Saksonova Svetlana
Published: January 2019

In this article, the author will outline several stages of the process of determining optimal capital structure and will concentrate in particular on the first two stages of this process – analysis of company's borrowed capital and equity as well as the evaluation of the main factors, which influence capital structure. It is important to stress these preparatory stages, because successful operation of the company is built on properly understanding the relationship between risk and potential reward that is inherent in different alternatives of capital structure. These stages stress the importance of gathering reliable financial information about the company (enabling calculation of the ratios mentioned in the article) and performing risk analysis (relying in part on the external and internal factors described in the article) in order to decide on the optimal capital structure.

The author cautions that rapid economics growth in Latvia will at least slow down over time. Managers need to take that into account, when planning capital structure and therefore avoid increasing their leverage to dangerous levels.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE DIMENSIONS IMPACTING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Vaitkūnaite Vida
Published: January 2019

The paper reveals multidimensional nature of organizational culture. When investigating its influence on success only performance influencing dimensions must be under consideration. The authors suggest the ways for reducing their number: content analysis and hierarchical structuring method. The system (list) of dimensions was formed by using the mentioned methods. Questionnaire was made. Relationship between dimensions and their influence on performance was tested.
FACTORS AFFECTING SECURITIES PRICES: THEORETICAL VERSUS PRACTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Tvaronavičiene Manuela , Michailova Julija
Published: January 2019

Securities market has been influenced by entirety of factors, which roughly could be divided into various groups. In order to show complexity of phenomenon authors strive to overview theories of stock price behaviour. Taking into account, that various authors present rather controversial empirical evidences of certain factors impact on stock’ prices, authors of this paper try to test some relationships practically. Statistical analysis aiming to evaluate quantitatively the dependence of stock index on some chosen statistically measurable factors is being performed. For the latter purpose stock prices of Lithuanian companies and such macroeconomic variables as foreign direct investment, state budget revenue and expenditure, gross domestic product, price index of consumer goods and services, money in a broad sense, average profitability of governmental bonds and inflation have been employed.
PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFYING AND REGULATING THE STRUCTURE OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN DEPRESSIVE LITHUANIAN REGIONS
Authors: Šileika Algis , Andriušaitiene Daiva
Published: January 2019

In order to identify labour market problems in the depressive regions of Lithuania and to provide guiding lines in the search for their solution, it is necessary to conduct a systematic analysis of the structure of employable population encompassing the characteristics of segments of employed and unemployed persons as well as individuals not registered with the official labour market. Correlation and factor analysis of eighteen macroeconomic indicators investigating into indicators of all municipalities of the country and depressive regions separately (20 municipalities where the unemployment rate exceeded the average in the country by 1,5 times in 2004) enabled evaluation of the significance of employment and unemployment indicators as well as impact thereof on other indicators chosen for the analysis to feature the trends of social and economic development on national level and in depressive regions in 1996–2004. Apart from special sociological research, characterization of the structure and peculiarities of labour force is confined to assumptions of logical analysis, but the invented technologies give grounds to maintain that dynamics of the employment indicator reflects the trends and outcomes of the development of economic activities only to a certain limited extent. Relation of the unemployment indicator, particularly that of long‐term unemployment, with other macroeconomic indicators is much tighter. However, as we can see from the analysis, relevantly big share of employable individuals not participating in the labour market has been little analysed by the structure, though most probably this share consists of the following basic groups: unemployed “volunteers”, “labour migrants”, unofficially employed individuals and persons employed in in‐kind farms. Yet, the analysis of statistical data shows that this is not an idiosyncrasy of depressive regions of the country. In the analysis of the structure of the labour market, the following problems extremely important in the depressive regions of Lithuania may be singled out: long‐term unemployment trap determines emigration of youth and better skilled labour force; consequently this results in prevalence of senior and pension‐age population, unskilled labour force and out‐of‐skill individuals in the structure of employable population, and in unofficial, ineffective “survival” employment in small, quasi‐in‐kind farms that have become a traditional way of life of rural population.
NEAPŠILTINTOS KARVIDES OPTIMALUS TEMPERATŪRINIS‐DREGMES REŽIMAS
Authors: Kavolėlis Bronius , Bleizgys Rolandas
Published: January 2019

The objective of the work is to substantiate the optimum values of temperature‐humidity regime in cowsheds which are required in designing and exploiting a ventilation system. An equation, which connects relative air humidity of a room with difference between inside and outside air temperature, was developed. Another equation, which shows the greatest allowed difference of temperatures under which water vapour does not condensate on the internal surface of an external partition, was composed as well. By analytical and experimental investigation, it is substantiated that possible minimum relative air humidity in a cowshed is by about 5 % lower than relative outside air humidity. Optimal difference between inside and outside air temperature in the cold period of the year is about 4 °C.
ESTIMATION OF VIBRATION IN KLAIPEDA POWDERY MANURE DISCHARGE TERMINAL
Authors: Grubliauskas Raimondas , Stankus Gintas , Vaišis Vaidotas , Nainys Vytautas
Published: January 2019

In contemporary life the mechanization of industrial and agricultural production, increasing traffic flows in towns and settlements, and modernization of household technologies result in the expansion of vibration and noise areas. This is in particular experienced by the industrial enterprise staff, vehicle drivers, passengers and others. Vibration affects the nervous system, blood circulation, tissues and does other kinds of harm to human health. The impact on humans depends on a distance to a vibration source, material whereby vibration spreads, and the duration and velocity of vibration. The spread of vibration together with noise significantly increases the impact of vibration.

Noise and vibration problems are encountered in seaport discharge terminals as well. The investigation of vibration in the bulk fertilizer terminal of Klaipeda Stevedoring Company as well as obtained findings were compared to permissible values specified in the Lithuanian Hygiene Norms. The investigation showed the highest vibration acceleration levels inside the terminal, where they varied from 0,4 to 3,2 m/s2, and outdoors, by the fertilizer discharge terminal, on the paving, where they varied from 0,0005 to 0,0042 m/s2 (at 1–16 Hz frequency).
DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MEASURING AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED
Authors: Čimo Ján , Šiška Bernard
Published: January 2019

An air humidity sensor based on the capacity principle and programmable digital air temperature sensors are designed in the work. The wind direction and wind speed sensor (anemometer) is based on the optoelectronic principle. Sensors register frequency impulses from the wind fan of the anemometer. Methods and materials conformable with modern electronics and informatics were used. The method of linear regression was used for calibration of sensors. The accuracy of an air temperature sensor was found better than 0,1 °C in the range from ‐55 to 125 °C, and an air humidity sensor was better than 1 % in the range from 0 to 98 %. The anemometer works in the range of wind velocity from 0 to 150 km.h−1 with accuracy better than 1 % to 90 km.h−1 and over 90 km/h better than 3 %. First of all these sensors were proposed for automatic weather stations widely used in the sector of agriculture (microclimatic weather stations), industry and for other technological operations where monitoring of temperature, wind speed, wind direction and humidity is required. The sensors will be used as models for educational purposes at the lessons of biometeorology and climatology too.
INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) BIOMASS AND 137CS SPECIFIC ACTIVITY IN WOOD
Authors: Butkus Donatas , Bataitienė Ingrida Pliopaitė
Published: January 2019

The paper analyses relationship between pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) biomass and the specific activity of an artificial radio‐isotope 137Cs in wood. The specific activity of 137Cs was measured in the segments of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) annual rings. The biomass of segments and the density of wood were estimated experimentally.

It is determined that relationship between pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) biomass and pine age is not linear. In the variation of biomass are time when biomass grows slowly (25–55 pine age or 1959–1990 m. period).

The specific activity of 137Cs in pine annual rings depends on the rapidity of biomass growth. The specific activity of 137Cs varied from 0,3 ± 0,1 to 13,4 ± 2,7 Bq/kg when the biomass grew rapidly and its average value was 4,3±1,1 Bq/kg. When the biomass grew slowly, the specific activity of 137Cs varied from 1,8 ± 0,7 to 20,6 ± 5,3 Bq/kg, and its average value was 9,6 ± 2,6 Bq/kg. Global pollution after nuclear explosions, pollution after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident and uptake of 137Cs from roots had an influence on the specific activity of 137Cs in pine annual rings.
INVESTIGATION OF DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN CHANNELS OF REGULATED STREAMS
Authors: Baublys Raimundas
Published: January 2019

The paper analyses deformation processes occurring in channels of regulated streams and discusses the reasons of their occurrence. As the study results have shown, the most frequent deformations of regulated streams include the erosion of slopes, accumulation of sediment in the channel, and the overgrowth of the channel with grass, bushes and woody vegetation. Deformations occurring due to the effect of different natural phenomena determined the changes of stream channels in cross‐sectional and longitudinal profiles. Most streams under investigation have not been controlled, i e they are overgrown with thick and high grass vegetation. The paper presents analysis of current situation and discusses different possibilities of the naturalization of regulated streams.
MODEL ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE LIFE COST OF A BUILDING WITH RESPECT TO RISK FACTORS
Authors: Wieczorek Damian , Plebankiewicz Edyta , Zima Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with estimating the life cycle cost and the whole life cost of a building. An original model for estimating the life cycle cost and the whole life cost of a building which allows the quantification of the increase in costs resulting from the incurred and assessed risk is presented. The proposed model consists of two basic parts: module I evaluating the impact of identified risk factors on individual element of the life cycle cost, and module II allowing to assess life cycle cost including the risk factors selected in module I. In module I the model of fuzzy inference of Mamdani was used. The structure of module II is based on the theory of possibilities and fuzzy sets. The operation of the model is presented on the example of an office building.
Orbital Clustering in the Distant Solar System
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Batygin Konstantin
Published: January 2019

The most distant Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) appear to be clustered in longitude of perihelion and in orbital pole position. To date, the only two suggestions for the cause of these apparent clusterings have been either the effects of observational bias or the existence of a distant giant planet in an eccentric inclined orbit known as Planet Nine. To determine if observational bias can be the cause of these apparent clusterings, we develop a rigorous method of quantifying the observational biases in the observations of longitude of perihelion and orbital pole position. From this now more complete understanding of the biases, we calculate that the probability that these distant KBOs would be clustered as strongly as observed in both longitude of perihelion and in orbital pole position is only 0.2%. While explanations other than Planet Nine may someday be found, the statistical significance of this clustering is now difficult to discount.
Shepherding in a Self-gravitating Disk of Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Sefilian Antranik A. , Touma Jihad R.
Published: January 2019

A relatively massive and moderately eccentric disk of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) can effectively counteract apse precession induced by the outer planets, and in the process shepherd highly eccentric members of its population into nearly stationary configurations that are antialigned with the disk itself. We were sufficiently intrigued by this remarkable feature to embark on an extensive exploration of the full spatial dynamics sustained by the combined action of giant planets and a massive trans-Neptunian debris disk. In the process, we identified ranges of disk mass, eccentricity, and precession rate that allow apse-clustered populations that faithfully reproduce key orbital properties of the much-discussed TNO population. The shepherding disk hypothesis is, to be sure, complementary to any potential ninth member of the solar system pantheon, and could obviate the need for it altogether. We discuss its essential ingredients in the context of solar system formation and evolution, and argue for their naturalness in view of the growing body of observational and theoretical knowledge about self-gravitating disks around massive bodies, extra-solar debris disks included.
The Orbital Eccentricity of Small Planet Systems
Authors: Eylen Vincent Van , Albrecht Simon , Huang Xu , MacDonald Mariah G. , Dawson Rebekah I. , Cai Maxwell X. , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Lundkvist Mia S. , Aguirre Victor Silva , Snellen Ignas , Winn Joshua N.
Published: January 2019

We determine the orbital eccentricities of individual small Kepler planets, through a combination of asteroseismology and transit light-curve analysis. We are able to constrain the eccentricities of 51 systems with a single transiting planet, which supplement our previous measurements of 66 planets in multi-planet systems. Through a Bayesian hierarchical analysis, we find evidence that systems with only one detected transiting planet have a different eccentricity distribution than systems with multiple detected transiting planets. The eccentricity distribution of the single-transiting systems is well described by the positive half of a zero-mean Gaussian distribution with a dispersion σ

e
 = 0.32 ± 0.06, while the multiple-transit systems are consistent with

. A mixture model suggests a fraction of

of single-transiting systems have a moderate eccentricity, represented by a Rayleigh distribution that peaks at

. This finding may reflect differences in the formation pathways of systems with different numbers of transiting planets. We investigate the possibility that eccentricities are self-excited in closely packed planetary systems, as well as the influence of long-period giant companion planets. We find that both mechanisms can qualitatively explain the observations. We do not find any evidence for a correlation between eccentricity and stellar metallicity, as has been seen for giant planets. Neither do we find any evidence that orbital eccentricity is linked to the detection of a companion star. Along with this paper, we make available all of the parameters and uncertainties in the eccentricity distributions, as well as the properties of individual systems, for use in future studies.
PLCK G165.7+67.0: Analysis of a Massive Lensing Cluster in a Hubble Space Telescope Census of Submillimeter Giant Arcs Selected Using Planck/Herschel
Authors: Frye Brenda L. , Pascale Massimo , Qin Yujing , Zitrin Adi , Diego José , Walth Greg , Yan Haojing , Conselice Christopher J. , Alpaslan Mehmet , Bauer Adam , Busoni Lorenzo , Coe Dan , Cohen Seth H. , Dole Hervé , Donahue Megan , Georgiev Iskren , Jansen Rolf A. , Limousin Marceau , Livermore Rachael , Norman Dara , Rabien Sebastian , Windhorst Rogier A.
Published: January 2019

We present Hubble Space Telescope WFC3-IR imaging in the fields of six apparently bright dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z = 2–4 identified by their rest-frame far-infrared colors using the Planck and Herschel space facilities. We detect near-infrared counterparts for all six submillimeter sources, allowing us to undertake strong-lensing analyses. One field in particular stands out for its prominent giant arcs, PLCK G165.7+67.0 (G165). After combining the color and morphological information, we identify 11 sets of image multiplicities in this one field. We construct a strong-lensing model constrained by this lensing evidence, which uncovers a bimodal spatial mass distribution, and from which we measure a mass of (2.6 ± 0.11) × 1014
M
⊙ within ∼250 kpc. The bright (S
350 ≈ 750 mJy) DSFG appears as two images: a giant arc with a spatial extent of

that is merging with the critical curve, and a lower-magnification counterimage that is detected in our new longer-wavelength ground- and space-based imaging data. Using our ground-based spectroscopy, we calculate a dynamical mass of

M
⊙ to the same fixed radius, although this value may be inflated relative to the true value if the velocity distribution is enhanced in the line-of-sight direction. We suggest that the bimodal mass taken in combination with the weak X-ray flux and low SZ decrement may be explained as a pre-merger for which the intracluster gas is diluted along the line of sight, while the integrated surface mass density is supercritical to strong-lensing effects.
High-resolution ALMA Observations of HD 100546: Asymmetric Circumstellar Ring and Circumplanetary Disk Upper Limits
Authors: Pineda Jaime E. , Szulágyi Judit , Quanz Sascha P. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Garufi Antonio , Meru Farzana , Mulders Gijs D. , Testi Leonardo , Meyer Michael R. , Reggiani Maddalena
Published: January 2019

We present long-baseline Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the 870 μm dust continuum emission and CO (3–2) from the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 100546, which is one of the few systems claimed to have two young embedded planets. These observations achieve a resolution of 4 au (3.8 mas), an rms noise of 66 μJy beam−1, and reveal an asymmetric ring between ∼20 and 40 au with largely optically thin dust continuum emission. This ring is well fit by two concentric and overlapping Gaussian rings of different widths and a Vortex. In addition, an unresolved component is detected at a position consistent with the central star, which may trace the central inner disk (<2 au in radius). We report a lack of compact continuum emission at the positions of both claimed protoplanets. We use this result to constrain the circumplanetary disk (CPD) mass and size of 1.44 M
⊕ and 0.44 au in the optically thin and thick regimes, respectively, for the case of the previously directly imaged protoplanet candidate at ∼55 au (HD 100546 b). We compare these empirical CPD constraints to previous numerical simulations. This suggests that HD 100546 b is inconsistent with several planet accretion models, while gas-starved models are also still compatible. We estimate the planetary mass as 1.65 M

J
using the relation between planet, circumstellar, and circumplanetary masses derived from numerical simulations. Finally, the CO-integrated intensity map shows a possible spiral arm feature that could match the spiral features identified in near-infrared scattered light polarized emission, which suggests a real spiral feature in the disk surface that needs to be confirmed with further observations.
General Relativistic Surface Degrees of Freedom in Perturbed Hybrid Stars
Authors: Pereira Jonas P. , Lugones Germán
Published: January 2019

We study how the nature of a hybrid star (perfect fluid, solid, or a mixture of them) could be related to the induction of general relativistic surface degrees of freedom on phase-splitting surfaces upon perturbation of its phases. We work in the scope of phase conversions in the vicinities of sharp phase transition surfaces whose timescales are either much smaller (rapid conversions) or larger (slow conversions) than those of the perturbations (

ω

−
1

, where ω is a characteristic frequency of oscillation of the star). In this first approach, perturbations are assumed to be purely radial. We show that surface degrees of freedom could emerge when either the core or the crust of a hybrid star is solid and phase conversions close to a phase-splitting surface are rapid. We also show how this would change the usual stability rule for solid hybrid stars, namely

∂

M

0

/

∂

ρ

c

≥
0

, where M
0 is the total mass to the background hybrid star and

ρ

c

is its central density. Further consequences of our analysis for asteroseismology are also briefly discussed.
The Dynamics, Structure, and Fate of a Young Cluster during Gas Dispersal: Hectoschelle, Chandra, Spitzer, and Gaia Observations of Cep OB3b
Authors: Karnath N. , Prchlik J. J. , Gutermuth R. A. , Allen T. S. , Megeath S. T. , Pipher J. L. , Wolk S. , Jeffries R. D.
Published: January 2019

We present a study of the kinematics and structure of the Cep OB3b cluster based on new spectra obtained with the Hectoschelle spectrograph on the MMT and data from Spitzer, Chandra, and Gaia. At a distance of 819 ± 16 pc, Cep OB3b is one of the closest examples of a young (∼3–5 Myr), large (∼3000 total members) cluster at the late stages of gas dispersal. The cluster is broken into two subclusters surrounded by a lower density halo. We fit the empirical density law of King to each subcluster to constrain their sizes and structure. The richer eastern subcluster has circular symmetry, a modest central density, and lacks molecular gas toward its core, suggesting it has undergone expansion due to gas dispersal. In contrast, the western subcluster deviates from circular symmetry, has a smaller core size, and contains significant molecular gas near its core, suggesting that it is in an earlier phase of gas dispersal. We present posterior probability distributions for the velocity dispersions from the Hectoschelle spectra. The east will continue to expand and likely form a bound cluster with ∼35% of stars remaining. The west is undergoing slower gas dispersal and will potentially form a bound cluster with ∼75% of stars remaining. If the halo dissipates, this will leave two independent clusters with ∼300 members; proper motions suggest that the two subcluster are not bound to each other.
Deceleration of C iv and Si iv Broad Absorption Lines in X-Ray Bright Quasar SDSS-J092345+512710
Authors: Joshi Ravi , Srianand Raghunathan , Chand Hum , Wu Xue-Bing , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Petitjean Patrick , Ho Luis C.
Published: January 2019

We report a synchronized kinematic shift of C iv  and Si iv  broad absorption lines (BAL) in a high-ionization, radio-loud, and X-ray bright quasar SDSS-J092345+512710 (at

 ∼ 2.1627). This quasar shows two broad absorption components (blue component at v ∼ 14,000 km s−1, and red component at v ∼ 4000 km s−1 with respect to the quasars systemic redshift). The absorption profiles of C iv  and Si iv  BAL of the blue component show a decrease in outflow velocity with an average deceleration rate of

cm s−2 and

cm s−2 over a rest-frame time span of 4.15 yr. We do not see any acceleration-like signature in the red component. This is consistent with dramatic variabilities usually seen at high velocities. During our monitoring period the quasar has shown no strong continuum variability. We suggest the observed variability could be related to the time dependent changes in disk wind parameters like launching radius, initial flow velocity, or mass outflow rate.
Using APOGEE Wide Binaries to Test Chemical Tagging with Dwarf Stars
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Anguiano Borja , Chanamé Julio , Agüeros Marcel A. , Lewis Hannah M. , Hayes Christian R. , Majewski Steven R.
Published: January 2019

Stars of a common origin are thought to have similar, if not nearly identical, chemistry. Chemical tagging seeks to exploit this fact to identify Milky Way subpopulations through their unique chemical fingerprints. In this work, we compare the chemical abundances of dwarf stars in wide binaries to test the abundance consistency of stars of a common origin. Our sample of 31 wide binaries is identified from a catalog produced by cross-matching Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectroscopic survey (APOGEE) stars with UCAC5 astrometry, and we confirm the fidelity of this sample with precision parallaxes from Gaia DR2. For as many as 14 separate elements, we compare the abundances between components of our wide binaries, finding they have very similar chemistry (typically within 0.1 dex). This level of consistency is more similar than can be expected from stars with different origins (which show typical abundance differences of 0.3–0.4 dex within our sample). For the best-measured elements, Fe, Si, K, Ca, Mn, and Ni, these differences are reduced to 0.05–0.08 dex when selecting pairs of dwarf stars with similar temperatures. Our results suggest that APOGEE dwarf stars may currently be used for chemical tagging at the level of ∼0.1 dex or at the level of ∼0.05 dex when restricting for the best-measured elements in stars of similar temperatures. Larger wide binary catalogs may provide calibration sets, in complement to open cluster samples, for ongoing spectroscopic surveys.
Gamma-Ray Production in the Extended Halo of the Galaxy and Possible Implications for the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Yan Huirong , Wang Xiang-Yu , Shao Shi , Li Hui
Published: January 2019

Various studies have implied the existence of a gaseous halo around the Galaxy extending out to ∼100 kpc. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) that propagate to the halo, either by diffusion or by convection with the possibly existing large-scale Galactic wind, can interact with the gas therein and produce gamma-rays via proton–proton collision. We calculate the CR distribution in the halo and the gamma-ray flux, and explore the dependence of the result on model parameters such as diffusion coefficient, CR luminosity, and CR spectral index. We find that the current measurement of isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) at ≲TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope already approaches a level that can provide interesting constraints on the properties of Galactic CR (e.g., with CR luminosity L
CR ≤ 1041 erg s−1). We also discuss the possibilities of the Fermi bubble and IceCube neutrinos originating from the proton–proton collision between CRs and gas in the halo, as well as the implication of our results for the baryon budget of the hot circumgalactic medium of our Galaxy. Given that the isotropic gamma-ray background is likely to be dominated by unresolved extragalactic sources, future telescopes may extract more individual sources from the IGRB, and hence put even more stringent restrictions on the relevant quantities (such as Galactic CR luminosity and baryon budget in the halo) in the presence of a turbulent halo that we consider.
Structure of a Protobinary System: An Asymmetric Circumbinary Disk and Spiral Arms
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoaki , Saigo Kazuya , Takakuwa Shigehisa
Published: January 2019

We investigate the gas structures around young binary stars using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Each model exhibits circumstellar disks, spiral arms, and a circumbinary disk with an inner gap or cavity. The circumbinary disk has an asymmetric pattern rotating at an angular velocity of approximately one-fourth of the binary orbit of the moderate-temperature models. Because of this asymmetry, the circumbinary disk has a density bump and a vortex, both of which continue to exist until the end of our calculation. The density bump and vortex are attributed to enhanced angular momentum, which is promoted by the gravitational torque of the stars. In a hot model (c ≥ 2.0), the asymmetry rotates considerably more slowly than in the moderate-temperature models. The cold models (c ≤ 0.02) exhibit eccentric circumbinary disks, the precession of which is approximated by a secular motion of the ballistic particles. The asymmetry in the circumbinary disk does not depend on the mass ratio, but it becomes less clear as the specific angular momentum of the infalling envelope increases. The relative accretion rate onto the stars is sensitive to the angular momentum of the infalling envelope. For envelopes with constant angular momentum, the secondary tends to have a higher accretion rate than the primary, except in very low angular momentum cases. For envelopes with a constant angular velocity, the primary has a higher accretion rate than the secondary because gas with low specific angular momentum falls along the polar directions.
Revealing the Milky Way’s Hidden Circumgalactic Medium with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Quasar Database for Galactic Absorption Lines
Authors: Zheng Y. , Peek J. E. G. , Putman M. E. , Werk J. K.
Published: January 2019

Every quasar (quasi-stellar object; QSO) spectrum contains absorption-line signatures from the interstellar medium, disk-halo interface, and circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the Milky Way (MW). We analyze Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectra of 132 QSOs to study the significance and origin of Si iv absorption at

km s−1 in the Galactic halo. The gas in the north predominantly falls in at

km s−1, whereas in the south, no such pattern is observed. The Si iv column density has an average and a standard deviation of

cm−2. At

,

does not significantly correlate with b, which cannot be explained by a commonly adopted flat-slab geometry. We propose a two-component model to reconstruct the

–b distribution: a plane-parallel component

to account for the MW’s disk-halo interface and a global component

to reproduce the weak dependence on b. We find

cm−2 and

cm−2 on the basis of Bayesian analyses and block bootstrapping. The global component is most likely to have a Galactic origin, although its exact location is uncertain. If it were associated with the MW’s CGM, we would find

for the cool gas at all velocities in the Galactic halo. Our analyses show that there is likely a considerable amount of gas at

km s−1 hidden in the MW’s CGM. Along with this work, we make our QSO data set publicly available as the COS Quasar Database for Galactic Absorption Lines (COS-GAL).