bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport Culture of the Population of Gornaya Shoria in the Early 20th Century Based on Photographs by G.I. Ivanov
Authors: Emelyanov D.V. , Nazarov I.I.
Published: January 2021

The publication analyzes a collection of photographs by Grigory Ivanovich Ivanov (1876-1930), which is kept in the Altai State Museum of Local Lore in the city of Barnaul. The photographs were taken by Ivanov in 1913 during his expedition to the remote areas of Gornaya Shoria. The introduction of these photographs into scientific circulation became possible only at the end of the 20th century. The photographs show the traditional culture of the indigenous inhabitants of this area - the Shors, who at the time of Ivanov's expedition still retained the traditional features of their ethnic culture. The photographs show the traditional material culture of the Shors, their traditional means of transportation and transport. The most developed among the Shors at that time were winter means of transportation and transport (skis, sledges, scraps), which ensured hunting. Water vehicles (boats, rafts, ferries), which made it possible to move people and goods along mountain rivers were equally important. In the early 20th century horses were used by the Shors for horseback riding, as well as for horse and goose transport of goods. The horse equipment used in this case was distinguished by great archaism. In remote mountainous areas, the local population also used archaic methods of transporting goods by hand. However, the photographs also show more developed forms of vehicles and transport, which the population of Gornaya Shoria began to use in the early 20th century under the influence of the Russian population.
The Impact of Migration on the Ethnodemographic Situation in Kazakhstan in the 30s-90s of the 20th Century
Authors: Ignatieva L.N.
Published: January 2021

Migration was the determining factor that influenced the formation of population of Kazakhstan. The most significant migration flows (organizational recruitment, deportations) were recorded in the first half of the 20th century. The composition of migrants resettled on the territory of the Kazakh SSR has fundamentally affected the ethno-demographic situation since the ethnic basis of migrants was made up of the European population. The Soviet Union government, pursuing a migration policy, was solving the urgent problems of the entire country and each of the constituent parts specifically. The leadership of already independent Kazakhstan, faced with mass emigration in the 90s, tried to rectify this situation by introducing a program for the return of ethnic Kazakhs and other measures to regulate migration. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in the 30-90s of the 20th century allows us to most fully track changes in the ethnic composition of the population of Kazakhstan and the impact of all-Union processes on the ethno-demographic situation as a whole.
Szociális és egészségügyi területeken működő társadalmi vállalkozások üzleti működési modelljei
Authors: Krátki Noémi , Kiss Julianna
Published: January 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a hazai egészségügyi és szociális szektorban tevékenykedő társadalmi vállalkozások üzleti működési modelljeinek bizonyos fajtáit. A cikk statisztikai adatok elemzésén és négy esettanulmány részletes bemutatásán alapul. A kutatás során kétféle társadalmi vállalkozók által használt üzleti működési modellt azonosítottak a szerzők. Azok a társadalmi vállalkozások, amelyek az állami finanszírozást értékesítéssel kiegészítő modellt használják, fő bevételeiket az államtól realizálják, továbbá igyekeznek ezt kiegészíteni saját értékesítési csatornájukon szerzett különféle jövedelmi forrásokkal. Ezzel szemben egyes társadalmi vállalkozások a magánpiaci értékesítésen alapuló modellt használják, melyek elszakadni kívánnak az állami bevételi forrásoktól, arra törekedve, hogy önálló értékesítési tevékenységből származó bevételt generáljanak.
A nemfogyasztás/nemvásárlás motivációi, értelmezése a turizmusban
Authors: Törőcsik Mária , Csapó János
Published: January 2021

A nemvásárlás/nemfogyasztás okainak, motívumainak vizsgálata általános értelemben, de egyes piacok esetén, így a turizmus terén is, igen izgalmas értelmezési és kutatási kérdés. A nemvásárlás/nemfogyasztásnak két típusát különböztetjük meg a fogyasztók helyzetének, motivációinak szempontjából: a lemondást és a kimaradást. A kimaradás általában egy hiányhelyzethez kapcsolódik, míg a lemondás forrása koncepcionális, saját vállalt döntés. A nemvásárlás/nemfogyasztás turizmusban mutatkozó jelensége több tényezővel magyarázható, amiről nyilván elsősorban a kimaradás kategóriában vannak tapasztalatok. A tanulmányban a nemvásárlás/nemfogyasztás kategóriáinak általános érvényű feltárása mellett azt is vizsgálják a szerzők, hogy milyen jellemzők mutatkoznak a turizmusban a nemvásárlók/nemfogyasztók körében, miképp határozhatják meg és ezáltal rendszerezhetik e csoportok hátterét. Felismerve a témakör gyakorlati és szakmai aktualitását és fontosságát, jelen tanulmány célja a szakirodalomban kevéssé tárgyalt témakör felvezetése, elsősorban azzal a céllal, hogy új gondolkodási irányt indítson el a különböző tudományterületek, elsősorban a marketing és a turizmus szakma kutatói és képviselői számára. Koncepcionális gondolataikat egy, a szerzők által vezetett kutatócsoporttal végzett reprezentatív és egy másik nagymintás kérdőíves kutatás primer eredményeivel is alátámasztják.
A negyedik ipari forradalom hatása a kompetenciacserélődésre
Authors: Pató Gáborné Szűcs Beáta , Kovács Klaudia , Abonyi János
Published: January 2021

Az élet számos területén folyamatos változás figyelhető meg, különösen így van ez a gyakorlati életben jelenleg is zajló negyedik ipari forradalom kapcsán. Az Ipar 4.0, a technológiai újításai révén, jelentősen megváltoztatja a munkaerőpiacot és a munkahelyeket. Így elkerülhetetlen a jelenleg is zajló és a várható változáshoz való alkalmazkodás, ugyanakkor nehéz megmondani, hogy milyen kompetenciákra lesz szükség ehhez a jövőben. A kutatás célja, az Ipar 4.0 megoldások azonosítása során, a kompetenciaszükséglet változásának meghatározása a vizsgált vállalatokkal készített strukturált interjúk alapján. A kutatás rávilágít arra, hogy a kompetenciacserélődés és azok fejlesztési folyamatai megkezdődtek. Remélhetőleg a feltárt összefüggések további kutatásokat inspirálnak, támpontot szolgáltatnak a munkavállalók fejlesztését szolgáló képzések kidolgozásában, megújításban, valamint a HRM és az Ipar 4.0 területén hasznos információként szolgálnak, segítve a kompetenciafejlesztési és HR-fejlesztési stratégiák kidolgozását és megvalósítását.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Enobosarm (Ostarine), a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator
Authors: Bedi Harjot , Hammond Carl , Sanders David , Yang Hui-Min , Yoshida Eric M.
Published: January 2021

Anabolic steroids are well-known to cause liver injury, which may manifest with jaundice and elevated liver enzymes. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have been developed to enhance muscle bulk without the side effects associated with exogenous androgen steroids. We report a case of significant cholestatic liver injury associated with a SARM, ostarine (enobosarm), similar to that associated with anabolic steroids. Liver injury from SARMs has not been reported frequently, and we speculate that this may be seen more often as the consumption of SARMs increases in the athletic market.
SGLT2 inhibitors and kidneys: mechanisms and main effects in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Salukhov Vladimir V , Khalimov Yurii Sh. , Shustov Sergey B. , Popov Sergey I.
Published: January 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the cause of the development of diabetic nephropathy — a complication that determines the high degree of disability and mortality of such patients. Until recently, approaches to normalizing glucose levels did not have a significant possibility of influencing the outcome of kidney damage in diabetes. Type 2 sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2) are a new class of glucose-lowering drugs that improve glycemic control due to an insulin-independent mechanism of action associated with increased urinary glucose excretion. The review provides an analysis of the results of studies on the assessment of nephroprotective actions — one of the pleiotropic actions of this drugs group. These materials show the properties of SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce the risk of developing and the progression of albuminuria, to save glomerular filtration rate, to reduce the frequency of end-stage renal disease and the need for renal replacement therapy in patients with T2DM. The article gives and analyzes the currently existing hypotheses of the mechanism of action of these glucose-lowering drugs. The risk of the most common renal complications with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors is considered. The practical aspects of the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in modern algorithms for the care of patients with T2DM are indicated, as well as the prospects for new randomized clinical trials.
Pedographic assessment of the impact of off-the-shelf orthopedic shoes on the load distribution under the feet in patients with a high risk of developing diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Bregovskiy Vadim B. , Udovichenko Oleg V. , Demina Anastasia G. , Berseneva Eugenia Aleksandrovna , Karpova Irina A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: It is known that the so-called “rocker” outsole helps to reduce the load on the forefoot and toes. Such an outsole is available in ready-made orthopedic shoes of some Russian manufacturers, however, an objective assessment of their impact on the load distribution under the foot during walking has not been carried out.

AIMS: To study the pressure distribution inside the off-the-shelf orthopedic shoes“Sursil-Ortho” in comparison with the load inside the shoes used by patients on a daily basis.

METHODS: We studied 20 patients (40 feet) with a high risk of diabetic foot syndrome. According to clinical data, a risk regions were determined on the plantar surface of the feet. In-shoe pedography (pedar, novel,Germany) was performed in shoes usually worn by the patients, and in orthopedic shoes“Sursil-Orto”(Moscow). The maximum peak pressure (MPP) was calculated. Criterion of efficiency: MPP in the risk region<200 kPa or reducing it by 25% or more.

RESULTS: There was a significant decrease of the median MPP in the forefoot and in the risk region. The percentage of feet with MPP >200 kPa in the risk region decreased from 58% to 30% (p=0,014), in any area of the forefoot — from 63% to 30% (p=0,04). The increase in MPP under the midfoot and hindfoot did not exceed +14% (ns). Tested footwear was effective in 71% of cases. Predictors of the insufficient effect were: higher initial MPP in the risk region, risk region on the hallux or in the lateral part of the forefoot.

CONCLUSIONS: Shoes with a rigid rocker outsole significantly reduce the pressure under the forefoot and under the toes during walking. The degree of load reduction varies: the lateral part of the forefoot and 2-5 toes are most unloaded, and the hallux and medial forefoot are slightly less.
Uma entrevista com Mazyar Moshiri
Authors: Schroeder Marco , Almeida Guilherme de Araújo , Tavares Carlos Alberto Estevanell , Araujo Eustaquio A.
Published: January 2021

A vida tem sido muito generosa comigo. A Ortodontia me deu muito, não apenas cientificamente, mas também por me abençoar com a oportunidade de encontrar grandes colegas e fazer novos amigos. Peço permissão para apresentar um deles, uma estrela em nossa especialidade.
Qual é a diferença entre um fio de níquel-titânio superelástico e um termoativado? Parte 1
Authors: Martins Renato Parsekian
Published: January 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Hoje, a grande maioria dos ortodontistas utiliza fios de níquel-titânio. Entretanto, há falta de informação sobre o que quer dizer Nitinol, NiTi, Niti superelástico (SE) e Niti termoativado, e isso gera uma confusão não somente no aluno de Ortodontia, mas também nos clínicos e até em professores. OBJETIVO: Essa primeira parte deste artigo visa explicar e esclarecer o que quer dizer memória de forma, recuperação elástica e superelasticidade, bem como relacionar esses termos aos fios existentes.
Tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de fissura labiopalatina unilateral associada a mordida cruzada total e agenesia de incisivo lateral e pré-molar superiores: relato de caso
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Matos de , Oliveira Henrique Teles de , Ferret Marcel Marchiori
Published: January 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com fissuras labiopalatinas necessitam de cirurgias primárias nos primeiros anos de vida como a primeira parte do tratamento. Além dessas cirurgias, em alguns casos a cirurgia ortognática é também necessária após o preparo ortodôntico na dentição per- manente, como forma de correção da discrepância sagital proveniente da deficiência de desenvolvimento maxilar no sentido anteroposterior. RELATO DE CASO: Nesse contexto, o presente artigo relata o caso de uma paciente de 9 anos portadora de fissura de lábio e palato transforame unilateral direita, Classe III esquelética, mordida cruzada total, agenesia do incisivo lateral e segundo pré-molar superiores direitos e discrepância negativa em ambas as arcadas. A paciente foi tratada com expansão rápida da maxila, enxerto ósseo secundário e tratamento ortodôntico fixo, com exodontia do incisivo lateral e segundo pré-molar superiores esquerdos, seguida de cirurgia ortognática de avanço maxilar. RESULTADO: Ao término do tratamento, observou-se a obtenção de boa oclusão sagital e transversal e um ganho estético importante para a paciente.
Movimentos dentários indesejados provocados por contenção ortodôntica fixa higiênica
Authors: Moda Larissa Barbosa , Santos Diego Junior da Silva , Miguel José Augusto Mendes
Published: January 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Contenções fixas são alternativas de primeira escolha para estabilizar o alinhamento de dentes anteriores após o tratamento ortodôntico, por não necessitarem da cooperação do paciente. Contudo, são mais propensas ao acúmulo de placa e cálculo. Com base nisto, o uso de contenções ortodônticas fixas denominadas higiênicas tem sido adotado com o intuito de se preservar a saúde periodontal. Entretanto, esse tipo de contenção possui maior quantidade de fio, o que a torna mais suscetível a deformações, que aumentam o risco de complicações pós-tratamento — como movimentos dentários indesejáveis. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo é ilustrar dois casos clínicos que resultaram em movimentos indesejáveis na fase pós-contenção, descrever as causas mais comuns desses movimentos dentários indesejáveis e enfatizar a importância das consultas de contenção para identificar todos os fatores do movimento dentário indesejado. RESULTADOS: Os dois casos clínicos apre- sentados demonstraram que o movimento indesejado é imprevisível, e pode estar associado a fatores que podem gerar abertura de pequenos espaços ou alteração de torque radicular, resultando em recessões gengivais. CONCLUSÃO: As barras de contenção higiênicas apresentam risco de gerar movimentos dentários indesejados, por isso a importância da assiduidade do paciente às consultas de contenção, antes que ocorram problemas maiores, como retrações gengivais e fenestrações ósseas.
Математическое моделирование движения астероидов, принадлежащих к группам Аполлона и Атона
Authors: Заусаев Анатолий Федорович , Zausaev Anatoliy Fedorovich , Романюк Мария Анатольевна , Romanyuk Mariya Anatolievna , Заусаев Артeм Анатольевич , Zausaev Artem Anatolievich
Published: January 2021

Проведена оценка точности решений дифференциальных уравнений движения с учетом релятивистских эффектов, полученных на основе нового принципа взаимодействия, на примере исследований эволюции орбит пяти астероидов.
Проведено численное интегрирование уравнений движения астероидов с начальными данными, отнесенными к различным моментам времени. На основании сопоставления полученных результатов исследования выявлены определенные закономерности. На интервалах времени при отсутствии сближений астероида с Землей менее 0.1 а.е. можно с одинаковой эффективностью применять приведенные в работе дифференциальные уравнения.
Потеря точности численного интегрирования находится в прямой зависимости от величины сближения астероида с Землей. Вследствие того, что в правых частях уравнений движения присутствуют разности координат астероида и планеты, при достаточной их близости относительная точность координат астероида и планеты во много раз превосходит относительную точность их разности. Для исследуемых астероидов при сближении их с Землей относительная погрешность разности координат астероида и Земли примерно от 227 до 44900 раз превышает предельную относительную погрешность самих координат астероида.
Прогнозирование движение Апофиса после его тесного сближения с Землей на основе решения уравнений движения современными методами приводит к большим ошибкам, уменьшение которых возможно только путем улучшения начальных данных элементов орбит астероида. О возможности тесного сближения Апофиса с Землей на интервале времени с 14 апреля 2029 г. по 1 января 2100 г. можно утверждать лишь с определенной степенью вероятности. Результаты проведенных исследований можно обобщить на все астероиды групп Аполлона и Атона.
Статическая термоустойчивость пологой геометрически нерегулярной оболочки из ортотропного термочувствительного материала
Authors: Вильде Мария Владимировна , Wilde Maria Vladimirovna , Мыльцина Ольга Анатольевна , Myltcina Olga Anatol'evna , Григорьев Степан Андреевич , Grigoriev Stepan Andreevich , Белосточный Григорий Николаевич , Belostochny Grigorii Nikolaevich
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается пологая ортотропная геометрически нерегулярная оболочка (ГНО) постоянного кручения, термомеханические параметры которой линейно зависят от температуры. При достижении температуры определенного значения происходит скачкообразно смена формы равновесия, что вызывает изменение первоначальной геометрии оболочки. Эти значения температур называют критическими.
Для практики значительный интерес представляют соотношения, связывающие критические температуры с геометрическими и термомеханическими параметрами ГНО.
Решение задач статической термоустойчивости ГНО, как правило, начинается с анализа их исходного безмоментного состояния. Тангенциальные усилия, вызванные нагревом оболочки, определяются как решения системы сингулярных дифференциальных уравнений безмоментной термоупругости.
Эти усилия содержатся в формах Брайена или Рейсснера в уравнениях статической термоустойчивости, и от их структуры существенно зависит успех в дальнейшем решении задачи.
В работе решение сингулярной безмоментной термоупругости найдено в элементарных функциях.
Уравнения моментной термоупругости, записанные в компонентах поля перемещений,
методом функции перемещений сведены к одному сингулярному дифференциальному уравнению в частных производных восьмого порядка.
Решение записывается в виде двойного тригонометрического ряда, коэффициенты которого на основании процедуры Галeркина определяются как решения линейной однородной алгебраической системы уравнений.
Из равенства нулю определителя этой системы (в первом приближении) получено алгебраическое уравнение пятой степени для относительной критической температуры, наименьший положительный действительный корень которого и есть искомая температура. Проводится количественный анализ влияния геометрических и термомеханических параметров ГНО на величины критических температур.
Метод тиражирования точных решений уравнений Эйлера для несжимаемых течений Бельтрами
Authors: Сизых Григорий Борисович , Sizykh Grigory Borisovich
Published: January 2021

Течениями Бельтрами или винтовыми течениями в статье называются течения, в которых векторы завихренности и скорости коллинеарны, а коэффициент пропорциональности между этими векторами отличен от нуля и одинаков во всех точках течения. Предлагается метод, позволяющий с использованием известных винтовых решений получать новые винтовые решения уравнений Эйлера для несжимаемой жидкости. Некоторые из этих новых решений не могут быть получены известными методами тиражирования решений путем сдвига и поворота системы координат, симметрии, масштабирования, циклической перестановки компонент скорости и координат, векторного суммирования. Новый метод тиражирования применяется к таким параметрическим семействам точных решений, в которых коэффициент пропорциональности между скоростью и завихренностью остается неизменным при различных значениях параметра. Суть метода состоит в том, что для таких семейств производная скорости по параметру также является винтовой скоростью. Последовательное дифференцирование скорости нового решения по параметру дает бесконечную цепочку новых точных решений.
Инвариант линии торможения при стационарном обтекании тела завихренным потоком идеальной несжимаемой жидкости
Authors: Миронюк Игорь Юрьевич , Mironyuk Igor Yurievich , Усов Лев Александрович , Usov Lev Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2021

С использованием уравнений Эйлера исследуется линия торможения (критическая линия) в общем пространственном случае стационарного обтекания тела с гладкой выпуклой носовой частью несжимаемой жидкостью. Предполагается, что в некоторой окрестности точки торможения (критической точки) всюду, за исключением точки торможения, скорость жидкости отлична от нуля, и что все линии тока на поверхности тела в этой окрестности начинаются в точке торможения.
Доказываются следующие три утверждения. 1) Если на некотором отрезке вихревой линии завихренность не обращается в нуль, то величина скорости жидкости на этом отрезке либо тождественно равна нулю, либо отлична от нуля во всех точках отрезка вихревой линии (скоростная альтернатива). 2) Завихренность в точке торможения равна нулю.
3) На линии торможения завихренность коллинеарна скорости и отношение величины завихренности к величине скорости одинаково во всех точках линии торможения (инвариант линии торможения).
На основании полученных результатов делается вывод о невозможности стационарного обтекания тела вихревым потоком, в котором скорость и завихренность не коллинеарны. Однако вопрос о завихренности в точке торможения в плоскопараллельных течениях остается открытым, поскольку принятое предположение об отличии от нуля скорости жидкости в некоторой окрестности точки торможения всюду, кроме самой точки торможения, исключает из рассмотрения плоскопараллельные течения.
Нелокальные задачи с интегральным условием для дифференциальных уравнений третьего порядка
Authors: Кожанов Александр Иванович , Kozhanov Alexander Ivanovich , Дюжева Александра Владимировна , Dyuzheva Alexandra Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

Работа посвящена исследованию разрешимости нелокальных задач с интегральным по переменной $t$ условием для уравнений $$ u_{tt}+(\alpha\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\beta)\Delta u=f(x,t) $$ ($\alpha$, $\beta$ - действительные постоянные, $\Delta$ - оператор Лапласа по пространственным переменным). Для изучаемых задач доказываются теоремы существования и единственности регулярных решений (имеющих все обобщенные по С. Л. Соболеву производные, входящие в уравнение).
Perempuan dan Kekristenan pada Masyarakat Tolaki dan Moronene di Sulawesi Tenggara, 1915-1946
Authors: Melamba Basrin
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the role of zending women or wives of European priests during the Dutch East Indies (1915-1942) in Southeast Sulawesi. The wives of zending women provide a big contribution or role for the advancement of the indigenous population. The woman is present on the stage in the religious arena by providing social services which has had a major influence on social change in society in Southeast Sulawesi. Women and zending wives act as agents and actors who assist their husbands in carrying out social service programs such as health education in the form of handling pregnant women, postpartum, care and medication, provision of sewing skills, cooking, baking and so on. This changes the lifestyle of indigenous women to be present in the public world, without forgetting their main responsibility. This research argues that zending women contribute or play a role in the advancement of the indigenous population, as well as bring about socio-cultural changes. The role of women in the stage of the religious arena by providing social services has had a major influence on the natives. The conclusion is that the role of zending women in carrying out services causes social change among indigenous Tolaki and Moronene women.
Editorial
Authors: Amaruli Rabith Jihan
Published: January 2021

Puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan YME, rasanya adalah kalimat yang paling pantas, untuk menandai penerbitan Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, Vol. 5 (2) 2020 ini. Edisi yang ditertibkan di penghujung pergantian tahun ini, sekaligus menjadi wujud semangat tim editorial Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha untuk tetap produktif di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Kondisi pandemi, tidak hanya telah mengubah cara hidup masyarakat, tetapi juga mengubah (atau setidaknya mempengaruhi), habitus bagaimana kajian-kajian sejarah dilakukan. Salah satunya adalah akses sumber-sumber sejarah yang dahulu “harus” diperoleh secara luring, saat ini didominasi cara-cara daring. Sebagai akibat dari pandemi, beberapa situs penyedia sumber, buku, jurnal, dan surat kabar, yang dahulu terbatas serta berbayar, saat ini keterbatasan tersebut telah dibuka seluas-luasnya.
УКРАЇНСЬКІ ПАРЕМІЇ ЯК МОВЛЕННЄВІ АКТИ
Authors: КАЛЬКО ВАЛЕНТИНА
Published: January 2021

Proverbs are fixed linguistic symbols reproduced by the speaker, which are characterized by a communicative purpose, given by the collective addressee – by a folk. They are purposeful speech actions, speech acts of which prompt to study the peculiarities of their pragmatics. The presence of independent illocutionary forces in proverbs transforms them into speech acts, which is also evidence of the discursive nature of proverbial semiosis. Depending on the intention, proverb statements can take on the semantic status of affirmation, ascertaining, promise, warning, threat, order, requirement, advice, еvaluation etc. It also singles out pragmatically shaped features of the Ukrainian paremia possessing genuine illocution for such speech acts as representatives, directives, or expressives. The thesis reveals the indirect speech acts in the Ukrainian paremia stock that are characterized by imbalance between illocution and illocutionary force.
Albumin and functionalized albumin nanoparticles: production strategies, characterization, and target indications
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Prajapati Anjali
Published: January 2021

The inherent properties of albumin facilitate its effective use as a raw material to prepare a nanosized drug delivery vehicles. Because of the enhanced surface area, biocompatibility, and extended half-life of albumin nanoparticles, a number of drugs have been incorporated in albumin matrices in recent years. Furthermore, its ability to be conjugated to various receptor ligands makes albumin an ideal candidate for the increased delivery of drugs to specific sites. The present review provides an in-depth discussion of production strategies for the preparation of albumin and conjugated albumin nanoparticles and for the targeting of these formulations to specific organs and cancer cells. This review also provides insights into drug loading, release patterns, and cytotoxicity of various drug-loaded albumin nanoparticles.
Modelling the elastic mechanical properties of bioactive glass-derived scaffolds
Authors: Baino Francesco , Fiume Elisa
Published: January 2021

Porosity is known to play a pivotal role in dictating the functional properties of biomedical scaffolds, with special reference to mechanical performance. While compressive strength is relatively easy to be experimentally assessed even for brittle ceramic and glass foams, elastic properties are much more difficult to be reliably estimated. Therefore, describing and, hence, predicting the relationship between porosity and elastic properties based only on the constitutive parameters of the solid material is still a challenge. In this work, we quantitatively compare the predictive capability of a set of different models in describing, over a wide range of porosity, the elastic modulus (7 models), shear modulus (3 models) and Poisson’s ratio (7 models) of bioactive silicate glass-derived scaffolds produced by foam replication. For these types of biomedical materials, the porosity dependence of elastic and shear moduli follows a second-order power-law approximation, whereas the relationship between porosity and Poisson’s ratio is well fitted by a linear equation.
The Capitalist Form of Life, and How To Deconstruct It
Authors: Ronge Bastian
Published: January 2021

The article sets out the thesis that the social-ontological account based on the form of life concept can be used to analytically and normatively reflect alternative economies and their attempt to overcome capitalistic structures.2 To develop the thesis, I provide conceptual work on the “economic form of life”, pointing at its plasticity due to the general substitutability of economic practices. Against this background, I argue that Capitalism makes use of this plasticity to create a fully commodified, radical contingent form of life. Actors of alternative economies can wake up of from this dream world of Capitalism by using the substitutability of economic practices to deconstruct the capitalist form of life. The two most important practices for doing so are the practices of “in-sourcing” and “solidary out-sourcing”. They also reveal the normative kernel of conviviality, namely to seek to do justice to the economicity of human life. The paper ends with locating the presented form-of-life-account within the strand of literature on alternative economies.
A method for measuring the residence time distribution of particles in a fluidized bed based on digital image analysis
Authors: Li Jiamin , Chen Xiaoping , Ma Jiliang , Liang Cai
Published: January 2021

Traditional methods for measuring the residence time distribution (RTD) of particles in a fluidized bed are complex and time-consuming. To this regard, the present work proposes a new measurement method with remarkable efficiency based on digital image analysis. The dyed tracers are recognized in the images of the samples due to the difference of colors from bed materials. The HSV and the well-known RGB color space were employed to distinguish the tracers. By enhancing the Saturation and the Value in HSV and adjusting the gray range of images, the recognition error is effectively reduced. Then the pixels representing the tracers are distinguished, based on which the concentration of the tracers and RTD are measured. The efficiency, accuracy and repeatability of the method were validated by RTD measurements experiments. The method is also fit for distinguishing the target particles from multi-component systems consisting of particles of different colors.
End-to-end nanophotonic inverse design for imaging and polarimetry
Authors: Lin Zin , Roques-Carmes Charles , Pestourie Raphaël , Soljačić Marin , Majumdar Arka , Johnson Steven G.
Published: January 2021

By codesigning a metaoptical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two examples: subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of the full polarization coherence matrices of multiple light sources. Our end-to-end inverse designs couple the solution of the full Maxwell equations—exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers—with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving≳104$\gtrsim {10}^{4}$degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in a way that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude. Incorporating the full wave physics is especially crucial for detecting spectral and polarization information that is discarded by geometric optics and scalar diffraction theory.
Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-Q toroidal dipole resonance governed by bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Wang Yulin , Han Zhanghua , Du Yong , Qin Jianyuan
Published: January 2021

Toroidal dipole (TD) with weak coupling to the electromagnetic fields offers tremendous potential for advanced design of photonic devices. However, the excitation of high quality (Q) factor TD resonances in these devices is challenging. Here, we investigate ultrahigh-Q factor TD resonances at terahertz frequencies arising from a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BIC) in all-dielectric metasurface consisting of an array of high-index tetramer clusters. By elaborately arranging the cylinders forming an asymmetric cluster, two distinct TD resonances governed by BIC are excited and identified. One is distinguished as intracluster TD mode that occurs in the interior of tetramer cluster, and the other one is intercluster TD mode that arises from the two neighboring clusters. Such TD resonances can be turned into ultrahigh-Q leaky resonances by controlling the asymmetry of cluster. The low-loss TD resonances with extremely narrow linewidth are very sensitive to the change in the refractive index of the surrounding media, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity level of 489 GHz/RIU. These findings will open up an avenue to develop ultrasensitive photonic sensor in the terahertz regime.
Preparation and thermostability of hydrophobic modified nanocrystalline cellulose
Authors: Lu Junliang , Lang Jinyan , Wang Na , Wang Xinhui , Lan Ping , Zhang Heng
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we provide a new approach for the anionic modification and functional application of nanocellulose. The nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and modified by fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid). Ammonium ceric sulfate or hydrogen peroxide/ferrous sulfate being used as an initiator, three kinds of modified nanocrystalline cellulose (MNCC) can be synthesized at low temperature. The terminology for these MNCC is L-MNCC (NCC modified by lauric acid), P-MNCC (NCC modified by palmitic acid) and S-MNCC (NCC modified by stearic acid). Compared with those existing synthesized methods, the reaction condition is mild, and the modified products show strong stability. It can be seen from morphological structure analysis and reaction conditions analysis of MNCC that the original structure of cellulose is changed slightly. And the optimal conditions for preparing MNCC are obtained. The best yields of L-MNCC, P-MNCC and S-MNCC are 54.2 %, 20.9 % and 14.5 %, respectively.
Female and Unfree in America: Captivity and Slave Narratives
Authors: Bercuci Loredana
Published: January 2021

This study analyses two seminal American memoirs that depict female captivity: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682) by Mary Rowlandson and Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). My aim is to discuss, using the tools of Critical Race Theory, the intersections of gender and race, focusing on how the two women’s femininity, as well as their individuality, is linked to Christianity and motherhood.
Translating Euphemisms in an Audio-Visual Medium. The Case of Stand-Up Comedy
Authors: Frenţiu Luminiţa
Published: January 2021

The present paper investigates the difficulties in preserving humour in translating euphemisms in a specific, popular comedy genre: stand-up comedy. The investigation goes beyond the lexical level and focuses on the constraints of the audio-visual translation as well.
Exploring the Attitudes of Philology Students Concerning the Use of Digital Resources. A Case Study
Authors: Goşa Codruţa Maria Cornelia , Mureşan Valentina Carina
Published: January 2021

The present paper brings into discussion a very topical issue for students and teachers alike nowadays – the development of digital competence for students in the field of humanities. The research focuses on investigating possible changes in the attitudes of philology students towards the use of technology, as they are facing the reality of having to adapt their learning and/or their teaching to the new educational demands. Since the present educational context involved a quick change to online teaching and learning, the research focused on how the group of students in humanities have adapted to this setting, whether operating in this digitalised learning/teaching environment has any implications for their future career and whether the identified changes are connected to any lessons learnt both in their capacity of learners and teachers.
Analyses of selected thermal-technical parameters of an innovative construction board with built-in infrared heating
Authors: Dubecký Dominik , Kozlovská Mária
Published: January 2021

The purpose of innovations is to increase the efficiency of work procedures, accommodating sustainability and efficiency trends. One of the preconditions of technological innovations is development of construction products. A prefabricated board with built-in infrared heating is an innovative product which reduces labour intensity at the construction site by featuring a heating system that is built directly into the construction board, which begins to perform its function immediately after it is built in. This article presents certain partial results of the research and development of an innovative board with built-in infrared heating, which is currently protected by a valid utility model. Nine material variants of the innovative board were analysed as part of the experimental research. The research focused on the pattern of changes in surface temperature over time. The results of the experiment, despite deviations from the anticipated behaviour of the individual boards, showed a link between thermal resistance and increase in surface temperature.
Recycled aggregate amount variation of fraction 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm in the concrete mixture
Authors: Junák Jozef , Junáková Natália
Published: January 2021

The introductory part of the paper is devoted to the classification of aggregates according to various criteria, one of them is the geographical origin of aggregates. From the point of view of the circular economy, the use of recycled aggregates comes to the fore, mainly from the ecological point of view but also from the economic point of view.

The paper summarizes the results of research focused on the variation of the amount of 2 Recycled concrete aggregate fractions in concrete, followed by an evaluation of the effect of the presence of recycled material in the mixture on the selected property, specifically compressive strength. The highest compressive strength 34.7 MPa after 28 days hardening reached sample containing 100% recycled fraction 4/8 mm, and 60% recycled fraction 8/16 mm. This value is only slightly different from the compressive strength of the reference sample (34.4 MPa).
The impact of interior construction on the indoor environmental quality
Authors: Harčárová Katarína , Vilčeková Silvia
Published: January 2021

The presented paper deals with the evaluation of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in two apartment units in different phases of interior construction. The first apartment is in the initial phase of an unfurnished apartment and the second in the final phase of a fully furnished apartment. The results of IEQ monitoring indicate that in terms of thermal-humidity microclimate, the required legislative limits were met and the differences between the unfurnished and the fully furnished apartment were minimal. Only the operative temperature values were not in the legislative range. The average particulate matter (PM) concentrations of the two representative fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) were 21.10 μg/m3 and 564.72 μg/m3 for the unfurnished apartment and 4.67 μg/m3 and 68.15 μg/m3 for the furnished apartment. The legislative limit of 50 μg/m3 for PM10 was therefore significantly exceeded, especially in the case of an unfurnished apartment in the initial phase. The average TVOC concentration expressed in toluene equivalents was 1955 μg/m3 in a furnished apartment and 910 μg/m3 in an unfurnished apartment. Both of these values exceeded Mølhave’s recommended limit of 200 μg/m3. The presence of xylenes (51.19 μg/m3) and ethylbenzene (17.27 μg/m3) was detected in an unfurnished apartment. In addition to xylenes (171.63 μg/m3) and ethylbenzene (79.25 μg/m3), toluene (78.34 μg/m3) was also present in the furnished apartment. The concentrations of these compounds were below the legislative limits, except for ethylbenzene for which no legislative limits are set. The above results show that further surface treatment and furnishing of the apartment contribute to the increase of the VOC levels in the indoor environment. In the case of unfurnished apartment, workers are exposed not only to elevated concentrations of TVOC but also to elevated concentrations of PM10 and should therefore pay attention to the protection and safety of health during the work.
Experimental diagnostics on potential degradation of a selected building construction
Authors: Eštoková Adriana , Hološová Miriama , Terpáková Eva
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the historical building of the Old Town Hall of Košice city in terms of degradation processes of building materials. Regular maintenance, especially of historic buildings, is essential in terms of preserving the historic architectural heritage. Research was focused on selected parts of the basement of the historical construction with a special regard to the effect of humidity, salinity and carbonation of masonry structures. Samples were collected in the building basement and subsequently analysed in the laboratory. Chemical analysis of materials was performed by X–ray fluorescence analysis and the soluble salts were investigated by colorimetry. In addition, the content of sulphates was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Humidity of individual samples ranged from very low to very high, the highest values were measured around the perimeter of the room (positioning to the outside terrain). The carbonation ranged from grade III to IV, sulphates were detected in practically all samples. The results of study can help to design corrective measures.
Federated Learning as a Privacy-Providing Machine Learning for Defect Predictions in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: da Silveira Dib Mario Alberto , Ribeiro Bernardete , Prates Pedro
Published: January 2021

In this work, the federated learning methodology is applied to predict defects in sheet metal forming processes exposed to sources of scatter in the material properties and process parameters. Numerical simulations of the U-channel forming process were performed to analyze springback for three types of sheet steel materials. The datasets of different clients are used to train a single machine learning model. With this approach, multiple parties would simultaneously train a machine learning model on their combined data by training the models locally on the client nodes and progressively improving the learning model through interaction with the central server. This way the industrial peers have no access to the others local data in a centralized server. The predictive performance achieved is similar to a standard centralized learning method, offering competitive results of collaborative machine learning in industrial environment.
Determining Optimal Parameters of Grooves of Partially Regular Microrelief Formed on End Faces of Rotary Bodies
Authors: Dzyura Volodymyr , Maruschak Pavlo , Kozbur Halyna , Kryvyi Petro , Prentkovskis Olegas
Published: January 2021

The article considers the schemes of groove arrangement on a partially regular microrelief of type I with coaxial grooves formed on end faces of rotary bodies because of vibration. An analytical dependence was obtained to determine the relative area of a partially regular microrelief depending on the geometrical parameters of the V-shaped grooves. The parameters of the grooves formed at different distances from the center of rotation, with which the relative area of the partially regular microrelief will be the same, are determined. It is found that without adjusting the vibration amplitude of the deforming element, the relative area of the grooves will decrease significantly. The imprint radius of the deforming element and its influence on changes in the relative area of the vibrorolling are also found.
Fetal malposition and malpresentation: Mode of delivery and perinatal outcomes at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city
Authors: Kak Hussein Shahen , Alalaf Shahla
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Delivering a malpositioned and malpresenting fetus remains uncertainty, despite advances in obstetric practice. This study aimed to determine the mode of delivery and neonatal outcome in cases of fetal malposition and malpresentation. Methods: A cross-sectional study of women delivering malpositioned and malpresenting fetuses was conducted at Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from the 1st of June, to the 30th of November, 2018. Three hundred women and their newborns were followed for seven days of life. Results: The total rate of malposition and malpresentation was 4.8%. Most women (87.3%) delivered by cesarean section, 25% of the neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, where 69.3% of these infants stayed for seven days. There were three early neonatal deaths (1.0%), all of them were in occipito-posterior, or occipito-transverse position and were delivered abdominally. Among occipito-posterior and occipito-transverse deliveries, 2.2% ended with the death of the fetus (P = 0.360). An Apgar score of 7 was recorded after 5 minutes for 97.7% of the infants. Around 11% of the women had postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: Fetal malpresentation and malposition are not uncommon during labor, and most cases are delivered by cesarean section. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are dependent on the type of presentation and the mode of delivery. Keywords: Malposition; Malpresentation; Perinatal outcome; Breech presentation.
Association of serum vitamin D level with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kakil Dler , Meena Mohammed
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Vitamin D deficiency appears to be related to the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D{25(OH)D3 and the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This case-control study involved 240 participants divided into two groups, 119 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus and 120 healthy individuals as a control group. The study was conducted in Layla Qassim Diabetic Center in Erbil from March 2018 to March 2019. The data were collected from all the cases, including history and physical examination, using a specially designed questionnaire. From all cases, blood was taken, and samples were sent to the laboratory for serum vitamin D3 level estimation. Results: From the total of 240 participants, the mean age of cases was 54.04 ± 10.56 years and of controls was 53.12 ± 9.84 years. The mean serum vitamin D3 level of the cases was 9.21 ± 5.69ng/ml, and it was non-significantly (P = 0.3) higher than the control (8.61±4.57)ng/ml. Both groups were within the vitamin D deficient range. Vitamin D level was non-significantly deficient in 84 (70.6%) of diabetic patients compared to 89(73.6%) of control. There was a non-significant difference in vitamin D level in poorly controlled diabetic patients compared to well-controlled diabetic patients (P = 0.584). Conclusion: No significant association was detected between vitamin D level and glycemic control. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D3 level; Glycemic control.