bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution tactile sensor using the deformation of a reflection image
Authors: Saga Satoshi , Kajimoto Hiroyuki , Tachi Susumu
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to create a sensor that can measure the contact status with high‐resolution than ever.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a new type of optical tactile sensor that can detect surface deformation with high precision by using the principle of optical lever. A tactile sensor is constructed that utilizes the resolution of a camera to the maximum by using transparent silicone rubber as a deformable mirror surface and taking advantage of the reflection image.

Findings

It has been found that the sensor can sense the deformation by the object with 1 percent error rate in simulation. In implementation of this time, the error rate results 10 percent.

Research limitations/implications

This sensor can be used with broad applications by combining with other devices. As one of future work, the zero method will be used by using active patterns and get more accurate information.

Practical implications

Using the transparent silicone rubbers the sensor enables very simple and low cost and high‐resolution detection method. In addition, the simplicity of our sensor results various applications. For example, the transparency makes the sensor a light pathway, so the sensor can be a contactless sensor or an interactive device.

Originality/value

The concept of a tactile sensing method is introduced which can utilize the resolution of a camera to the maximum possible extent and can detect surface deformation by using the principle of optical lever.
A novel hyperspectral medical sensor for tongue diagnosis
Authors: Liu Zhi , Li Qingli , Yan Jing‐qi , Tang Qun‐lin
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Tongue diagnosis is a standard expert technique of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Computerized tongue diagnosis promises to automate the process of tongue diagnosis yet the tongue images segmentation upon which it depends is made difficult by the fact that the tongue is non‐rigid and varies greatly in size, shape, color, and texture. This paper presents a novel medical sensor system for TCM tongue diagnosis, which makes use of hyperspectral imaging technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The tongue image capturing sensor device for Chinese medical is based on the theory of the pushbroom hyperspectral imager. The paper illustrates its advantages by detecting the tongue contour in the hyperspectral images.

Findings

The experiments from 1,522 clinical tongue images show the validity of the system.

Practical implications

In this paper, the authors propose to use hyperspectral technology for tongue diagnosis for the first time in the literature and obtain promising results.

Originality/value

The novel sensor for tongue image capture gives a new method for tongue imformation collection. This system gives a new approach for tongue information collection.
Adaptive reuse and sustainability of commercial buildings
Authors: Bullen Peter A.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

To investigate the viability of adaptive reuse of commercial buildings and the impact it has on the sustainability of existing built environment in Western Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of building owners in Western Australia and a review of literature concerning adaptive reuse of commercial buildings.

Findings

The concept of adaptation is supported by building owners and there is a strong intuition/perception that adaptive reuse serves the key concepts of sustainability. Building owners are considering adaptive reuse as a viable option to demolition and redevelopment of existing facilities.

Research limitations/implications

The use of a structured questionnaire limits the depth of responses in the study. A follow up study using interviews would allow further because it does not allow probing, prompting and clarification of the issues addressed.

Practical implications

Results from this research has implications for building owners and managers as it will eventually provide a theoretical framework that can be incorporated in the decision‐making process for adaptive reuse projects.

Originality/value

The contribution of existing buildings to the three tenets of sustainability has not been explored comprehensively in Western Australia.
Development of an effective methodology for assessment, repair and maintenance of the earthquake damaged buildings
Authors: Alani Amir M. , Khosrowshahi Farzad
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Considerable amounts of work have been carried out in developing cost models for the repair and maintenance of earthquake damaged buildings in recent years. Most of these developments have been based on methods and approaches using risk analysis, probabilistic earthquake and scenario earthquakes. The main objectives of this paper can be summarised as: to highlight the extent and variability of influencing factors (quantitative and qualitative) affecting the repair and maintenance of post‐earthquake damage to buildings and structures; and to present the first configuration of a proposed quantitative model for the repair and maintenance of damage inflicted on buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this, an in‐depth review of the available literature in this field was deemed necessary. The presented literature review, demonstrates the need and the gap in knowledge, as well as the complexity of the subject for such development. In developing the proposed model, attention has been paid to the recommendations made and good practice observed within the industry and the corresponding literature. The suggested assessment mechanism of buildings (data collection) has been proposed in conjunction with the ATC – 38 post‐earthquake building assessment forms and the ASCE/FEMA 356 – pre‐standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of building. The ability (mechanism) to estimate the cost of required repair and maintenance based on a thorough condition survey of the inflicted damage on buildings was of paramount importance in this study.

Findings

The main finding reported in this paper, apart from the presented cost estimation methodology and the first configuration of a quantitative model, is the necessity to acquire and establish a broad knowledge base of variables and parameters, influencing such development.

Originality/value

This paper certainly paves the way for a more rigorous and comprehensive approach for further development in this field.
The impact of online retail grocery shopping on retail space: a Cape Town case study
Authors: McClatchey Juliette , Cattell Keith , Michell Kathy
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of completed case studies of two major multi‐channel grocery retailers in South Africa. The aim of the research was to establish the potential that online grocery retail has to undermine traditional retail by decreasing foot traffic and undermining rental income.

Design/methodology/approach

The growth of online shopping in the retail sector is a matter of concern for those involved in the development and management of shopping centres. Non‐probability convenience sampling was employed to interview shoppers in the five largest regional shopping centres in Cape Town tenanted by the two major grocery “e‐tailers” in South Africa.

Findings

The findings show that the online grocery market is an expanding market segment. Furthermore, diminished foot traffic is likely to affect the ability of smaller retailers to pay turnover rentals. Miller's revised rent model is adapted and used to illustrate the potential savings that may be generated by changing the rent models currently in use.

Research limitations/implications

Future research into exactly what consumers buy online from food retailers needs to be undertaken in order to establish the maximum potential reduction in foot traffic attracted by food anchors.

Practical implications

It is concluded that the South African retail industry is heavily reliant on traditional retail centres and although the loss in rentals resulting from online grocery sales is not currently considerable, it does represent a potential future threat.

Originality/value

The paper speculates about the effects of growth in online buying on rental agreements in shopping centres. The paper would appeal to property investors, property developers and facilities managers.
Envelope within an envelope: an FM approach to adaptive re‐use of redundant barns
Authors: Frattari Antonio , Lawrence David
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the innovative concept of “envelope within an envelope” as a tool to give redundant timber farm barns (which may be perceived as uneconomic for adaptation) new life for residential purposes. It aims to outline research that is proposed in order to provide guidelines for conservation/preservation professionals, potential user/occupants, investors and developers. It is based upon current problems existing in the Trentino region of Italy and the state of Michigan in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

After explaining the new concept and its potential for solving current conservation/preservation problems, the paper introduces technical and facilities management (FM) goals for research and development. Within the FM goal a series of objectives are outlined giving a broad methodology to consider user needs, costings, and communication needs for raising awareness.

Findings

The concept recognizes traditional conservation/preservation interventions capable of extending the life of a structure while at the same time permitting innovative technology to be introduced to provide modern and sustainable accommodation that will be perceived as economically viable.

Originality/value

The concept of “envelope within an envelope” incorporates not only technical elements of conservation/preservation but also behavioural and economic elements arising from the user‐orientated emphasis given by the introduction of an FM framework. This improves on the technocratic solutions that are offered by the “structure within a structure” concept.
“Decision research” correlates directly with better business performance
Authors: Ganeshasundaram Raguragavan , Henley Nadine
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Proceeding from the widely accepted but relatively untested premise that the gathering of intelligence via market research is central to business success, this paper reports a study investigating the extent to which the type of research carried out influences the level of business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Just over 6,000 market research projects conducted by a sample of 68 companies in New Zealand were classified as mainly “decision” or “background research” the companies allocated to one of three categories according to the mix of those types in their total research programme, and their business performance rated on four criteria. Firm size and the market research budget were taken into account as potential confounding variables. ANOVA, MANOVA and factor analysis were applied to data gathered from responses to a questionnaire developed by Diamantopoulos and Souchon, appropriately modified to the specific conditions of this study.

Findings

Companies carrying out mostly “decision research” rated themselves as performing generally better than those placing more emphasis on “background research” regardless of the size of the firm or the its market research budget. They scored highly on return‐on‐assets, return‐on‐sales and sales growth, and exhibited positive overall performance. The initial finding was strongly reinforced by factor analysis, 98 per cent of the variation in business performance being explained by the categorisation of a company's research as dominantly “decision” “background” or “mixed”.

Practical implications

The evidence for the positive effect of “decision research” on business performance suggests deliberate repositioning of market research strategy towards “decision research” rather than the “background research” which is generally in favour. This will require a major shift in the marketing management mindset with respect to marketing intelligence.

Originality/value

This is the first study to show a direct correlation between type of market research conducted and better business performance. It offers an improved conceptual framework for marketing intelligence and planning.
On the role of bank staff in online customer purchase
Authors: Durkin Mark
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This paper reports the findings of the latest, quantitative phase of a continuing study that explores the impact of the internet on bank‐customer relationships. The specific aim is to shed light on customers' own views about when, how and in which circumstances personal contact with bank staff remains appropriate despite developments in online banking.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on key elements of the theoretical framework developed in earlier phases of the study and taking methodological leads in the academic literature, a questionnaire was constructed and delivered to 5,000 customers of one UK bank. The usable response rate was just less than ten per cent, delivering almost 500 sets of respondent data, which were analysed by multiple regression.

Findings

Motivating and inhibiting influences on interaction with bank staff are identified. Data analysis shows that the more complex the service product offerings, the more customers require reassurance about internet security and the impersonal and intangible nature of online transactions. At the highest level of complexity, they feel the need for “coaching” in the procedures of online banking by bank staff, face‐to‐face and perhaps even in the home.

Research limitations/implications

While Stage I consisted of a small number of depth interviews with specialist managers in four countries, Stage II analysed a large number of questionnaire returns from customers of one bank in one country. There is obvious scope to enlarge both study settings and thereby improve the generalisability of findings and conclusions.

Practical implications

The implications for marketing planning and strategy development in the banking environment are discussed, including the possibility that a viable strategic option could be reduce the emphasis on online transactions in the particular case of higher net‐worth customers.

Originality/value

Adds to the body of knowledge about the rapidly developing phenomenon of remote banking transactions, especially the purchasing of financial services, facilitated by customer adoption of online banking (or “internet banking” or “e‐banking”).
Electronic journals collections in Argentine private academic libraries
Authors: González Bonorino Adina , Molteni Valeria E.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The aim of this research is to describe the impact that the emergence of electronic journals has exerted on different services and areas making up information units in Argentine private universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis focuses on the 27 libraries with journals that answered a survey, and impact is evaluated by means of the survey's closed and open questions. This research covers the following aspects: selection and acquisition, human resources, technical processes, informatics, marketing, users services, library cooperation, and publishing.

Findings

The research outlines the extent to which electronic reference services are being used in Argentina, and the analysis reveals reasons why leading private academic libraries have included electronic journals in their collections. The number of universities granting access to electronic journals has increased slowly over the last five years, though libraries count on a rich variety of electronic journals subscriptions – particularly databases. There is a lack of uniformity with regard to the adoption of standard criteria for cataloguing electronic journals – though over 50 percent said they did catalogue them.

Originality/value

Although the study is limited to the Argentine private academic library system, it provides further insight into the realities of private academic libraries in Argentina regarding access, use, and publishing of electronic journals – which, because of the inherent problems of duplication and cost, pose a great challenge to information professionals today.
Performance comparisons of tree‐based and cell‐based contact detection algorithms
Authors: Han K. , Feng Y.T. , Owen D.R.J.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of three commonly used global search algorithms, namely tree‐based augmented spatial digital tree, cell‐based no binary search and D‐cell, in the discrete element simulations.

Design/methodology/approach

A large number of test cases with up to five million particles/discrete objects are employed to numerically examine the computational costs of the three search algorithms and their performance is compared.

Findings

Comprehensive comparisons reveal that the D‐cell is more efficient than the tree‐based search algorithms for large‐scale problems. The parametric study of the D‐cell algorithm itself shows that the performance of the algorithm is strongly dependent on the cell dimension chosen.

Research limitations/implications

The only limitation of the current work is that the tested domain shape is regular, and thus more complex domain shapes may need to be considered.

Originality/value

The paper provides clear guidance regarding the possible actual computational performance of the tested search algorithms for practical applications.
An exploratory study of service quality in the Malaysian public service sector
Authors: Agus Arawati , Barker Sunita , Kandampully Jay
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to obtain a better understanding of the extent to which service quality permeates within the Malaysian public service sector by drawing on management and customer perceptions of service quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Two separate surveys were distributed to managers and customers across 86 branches of a public sector department within the Malaysian Ministry. The manager survey comprised instruments relating to organisational service performance, while the customer survey contained instruments relating to service quality and customer satisfaction. A total of 430 manager and customer surveys were completed, representing a 95 percent response rate.

Findings

The results support the conceptual model in demonstrating a strong correlation between service quality dimensions, service performance and customer satisfaction. In particular, service providers classified as “excellent” were rated most favourably in terms of responsiveness, access and credibility.

Research limitations/implications

The generalisability of the results is limited by the absence of the employees' perception of service quality.

Practical implications

This research adds to the body of knowledge relating to public service quality management.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies within the context in which this study took place. The study addresses key relationships between service dimensions, service performance and service quality within the Malaysian public service sector. Although previous research has addressed similar issues within the context of the public sector, relatively few studies pertain directly to Malaysian public services.
Root cause analysis based maintenance policy
Authors: Ming Tan Cher , Raghavan Nagarajan
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to ease the implementation of predictive maintenance policy in industry using the root cause analysis technique, and to compare the reliability and cost effectiveness of root cause based maintenance (RCBM) relative to conventional corrective maintenance (CM).

Design/methodology/approach

The system is modularized into its components and maintenance schedules are developed based on each component's individual degradation trends. The effectiveness of RCBM over CM is studied by analyzing system reliability patterns and total maintenance cost functions obtained through empirical cost models, accounting for yield and production loss, maintenance, replacement and catastrophic failure costs. Cost variations for various possible failure distribution parameter values (β, η) under the CM and RCBM policies are also obtained. The proposed methodology is tested in a real aircraft failures case study.

Findings

RCBM is generally more effective over CM in achieving timely maintenance at optimal cost (savings up to 65 percent) while keeping high system reliability, for a wide range of (β, η) values. However, CM could still be beneficial for a restricted range of large (β, η).

Practical implications

Industry should consider shifting from CM to adopt the proposed RCBM policy, which is proved to be more efficient in most cases. The implementation is not necessarily complex.

Originality/value

The effectiveness of RCBM over CM in terms of reliability and cost considerations is clearly illustrated. This paper justifies the need to shift from CM to RCBM, which brings us closer to a practical implementation of predictive maintenance. This work also serves as a simple and valuable guide to implementation for maintenance and operational managers in production industries.
Overcoming barriers to sustainable implementation of the ISO 9001 system
Authors: Zeng S.X. , Tian P. , Tam C.M.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This study aims to explore the barriers to implementation of ISO 9000 in China, and to identify how these barriers can be overcome.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a structural questionnaire survey, this paper examines the main barriers for enterprises in effective implementation of the ISO 9001 standard.

Findings

This paper highlights the problems in implementing the standard, which determines the sustainable implementation, including: short‐sighted goal for “getting certified”; over‐expectation on the ISO 9001 standard; mandatory requirement (not wholehearted commitment) in some industries; and following others (the trend) in certification. With regard to the effective audit of the ISO 9001 standard, the main problems were explored, including: lack of commitment from some certifying bodies; excessive competition between certifying bodies; and offering of a total packaged service from consultancy to certification by certifying bodies.

Practical implications

The ISO 9000 series have permeated into all industrial sectors. Although there are many stories of successful adoption of ISO 9001, problems in implementing the standards need to be explored, which may affect the sustainable implementation.

Originality/value

Based on the analysis, the paper proposes that the government should improve the legal framework and enforcement schemes to strengthen supervision and control for effective auditing of ISO 9000 standards.
Sarbanes‐Oxley: are audit committees up to the task?
Authors: Hoi Chun‐Keung (Stan) , Robin Ashok , Tessoni Daniel
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to study the audit committee (AC) provisions of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act with the objective of identifying implementation issues and to recommend firm and board actions to remedy the problems that are identified.

Design/methodology/approach

Standard economic theory was used to analyze the incentives and abilities of AC members, relying on results in the financial economics literature regarding outside director behavior.

Findings

The framework predicts that the new provisions in conjunction with the new regulatory/liability environment will increase risk‐aversion in directors belonging to ACs. This, in turn, creates an incentive alignment problem between AC members and shareholders leading to sub‐optimal decisions with regard to the audit. In particular, it is noted that demand will increase for high‐quality audits irrespective of cost considerations. The analysis also indicates that director labor markets will not mitigate this sub‐optimality.

Research limitations/implications

Because Sarbanes‐Oxley places direct responsibility for the audit in the hands of the AC, interventions by managers who may have incentives more aligned with those of shareholders are not considered. In a real world setting, managers may be playing a constructive role behind the scenes.

Practical implications

Specific action items to mitigate the problems are suggested. These steps have the combined effect of: increasing compensation for AC members (to support the additional workload); decreasing their risk exposure (to facilitate incentive alignment); and providing additional resources (to ensure efficiency of oversight).

Originality/value

In studying the AC provisions of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act, this paper has gone someway towards identifying implementation issues and recommending firm and board actions to remedy the identified problems.
CEO succession: best practices in a changing environment
Authors: Dalton Dan R. , Dalton Catherine M.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to look at CEO succession in light of regulations and post‐Sarbanes‐Oxley (post‐SOX) dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

Describes best‐in‐class practices for boards of directors responsible for CEO succession.

Findings

Finds that the post‐SOX dynamics promise to even further confound boards of directors' responsibilities for succession planning and execution.

Originality/value

Provides some practical guidelines that may facilitate CEO succession in the challenging post‐SOX business environment.
Taking by storm: a breakout strategy
Authors: Lawton Thomas , Finkelstein Sydney , Harvey Charles
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on “breakout” – a forceful emergence from a restrictive form or position – pursued through a structured and purposeful course of strategic action. The objective is to secure and retain business routes to double‐digit growth and market prominence.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper addresses a key question foremost in the minds of all start‐up business leaders: how do I manage and consolidate what I have achieved and simultaneously continue to grow the business and expand my market? The paper is based on more than five years of research into over 100 companies around the world. This involved in‐depth interviews with strategic leaders, company observations and case analysis.

Findings

Findings indicate that breakouts are led, from beginning to end, by dynamic strategic leaders and typically are accompanied by sudden and dramatic increases in output and levels of activity. For business entrepreneurs who want to raise a company from a subordinate to a more dominant market position, through meeting the challenge of double‐digit growth, it is crucial both to pursue the optimal strategy and excel in its execution.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is in the advancement of a step‐by‐step action framework for the delivery of accelerated growth, founded on strategic excellence from beginning to end, and providing a systematic route to market success.
The employee survey: more than asking questions
Authors: Sanchez Paul M.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Leading organizations invest large amounts of time, energy, and financial resources in conducting employee surveys. Through Mercer Human Resource Consulting's work on more than 1,000 survey projects, ten key areas within the survey process have been identified that consistently stand out as potential stumbling blocks to survey success. The purpose of this paper is to make companies aware of these potential blocks, and show that by adopting best practices to avoid them, organizations can significantly improve the odds of conducting a successful survey.

Design/methodology/approach

According to Mercer Human Resource Consulting's What's Working™ research, upwards of 50 percent of employers in Sweden, Japan, Singapore, the USA, Brazil, Australia, Canada, the UK, and Ireland regularly conduct employee surveys. Employee engagement is more often the intended ultimate outcome of employee surveying. All the same, employee surveys often fail in their strategic aims. Through Mercer's work on more than 1,000 survey projects, ten key areas within the survey process have been identified that consistently stand out as potential stumbling blocks to survey success.

Findings

This article identifies the ten key stumbling blocks to employee survey success as: Project planning; Communication; Questionnaire design; Timing; Prioritization of issues; Engaging senior management; Data delivery; Follow‐up support; Monitoring and accountability, and Linking survey results to business outcomes. These stumbling blocks and methods of overcoming them are described.

Originality/value

It is becoming increasingly clear to organizations that employee engagement has a significant influence on organizational performance and can become a long‐term source of competitive advantage. An original connection is made between effective employee surveys and employee engagement, and best‐practice guidance is provided on ensuring survey success. Otherwise, a survey runs the risk of destroying rather than building employee engagement.
Failure analysis of electronic components and interconnection systems
Authors: Smith C.A.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The failure analysis of electronic components and interconnection systems such as integrated circuits, printed circuit board assemblies, and hybrid devices is discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

How the analytical techniques used for physical and chemical analysis, which include X‐ray radiography, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, are used.

Findings

Examples from recent case studies are given to illustrate the work.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates how the failure analysis of an electronic component or interconnection system is conducted, and what can be learnt from the investigation.
Rural poverty alleviation through NGO interventions in Bangladesh: how far is the achievement?
Authors: Ahsan Ullah A.K.M. , Routray Jayant K.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to analyse the current poverty situation and poverty alleviation efforts of the NGOs in Bangladesh with emphasis on the impacts of two NGO programmes in two villages of Barisal district.

Design/methodology/approach

This research has employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research has primarily used first‐hand empirical data. In order to substantiate primary data, relevant secondary information has also been used. Data were collected through household survey by applying both open‐ and closed‐ended questionnaires. With a view to analysing data, inferential as well as descriptive statistics have been applied.

Findings

The findings revealed that the economic condition of the poor in the study areas has not improved much when judged against some selected indicators, namely, income, food and non‐food expenditure, productive and non‐productive asset, food security, and employment creation. The Foster Greer Thorbecke index shows that the majority of the NGO beneficiaries remained below the poverty line in terms of income and the overwhelming majority of them remained below the underemployment line (less than 260 days of work in a year). The regression analysis shows that the income of the households is determined by landholding size, family labour, days suffered from morbidities and employment opportunity. The qualitative data on the perception of beneficiaries on the causes of poverty endorse this finding.

Originality/value

Controversies over the issue of widespread poverty in Bangladesh have been revolving among the government, NGOs and the donor agencies as well. NGOs have been claiming the entire success of the economic wellbeing made to the rural poor. However, this study has directly challenged their claims by casting an empirical lens on the impact of their interventions. This study has detected the paucities of the NGO interventions and gaps between their objectives and their achievement.
Volatility driven changes in stock return correlation dynamics
Authors: Knif Johan , Pynnönen Seppo
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between stock return correlation and volatility.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing a logit‐type regression model, the paper analyzes the incremental effect of volatility on the level of correlation. The focus of the paper is set on the impact of the volatilities involved in the definition and calculation of the correlation as well as on the effects of external volatilities from other markets.

Findings

In the paper, an explicit model was constructed to investigate the contribution of the level of volatility on mutual correlations of the markets. The empirical results strongly support the findings that high volatility tends to increase correlations between the markets (see for example). An analysis of the small Nordic markets further showed that the local volatilities may play a role in the change of the level of correlation. However, it is the general world‐wide volatility level that mainly drives the changes in the correlations.

Originality/value

Particularly, the results of the paper show that market correlations tend to be dependent on the general world‐wide volatility rather than on local volatilities of single markets. This approach gives us important information about the behavior of the correlation with respect to the level of each market's risk as well as to the general global market‐risk level. The results can be directly utilized by portfolio managers in planning portfolio diversification strategies in accordance with the expected future volatility.
An ethical basis for relationship marketing: a virtue ethics perspective
Authors: Murphy Patrick E. , Laczniak Gene R. , Wood Graham
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical foundation for relationship marketing using a virtue ethics approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is a conceptual one providing a background on relationship marketing from both American and European perspectives. Earlier studies published inEJMon relationship marketing are featured in a table.

Findings

The proposed ethical relationship marketing approach has three stages (establishing, sustaining and reinforcing) that are paired with specific virtues (trust, commitment and diligence). These and other facilitating virtues are shown in a figure.

Researchlimitations/implications

The model and its components have yet to be tested empirically. Some strategies for undertaking such research are discussed.

Practical implications

Several European and American companies that currently practice ethical relationship marketing are discussed.

Originality/value

Although relationship marketing has been studied for a number of years by many scholars, the ethical basis of it has not been thoroughly examined in any previous work.
Geometrical singularities effects on the calculation of the magnetic force, an equivalent behaviour approach
Authors: Barre Olivier , Brochet Pascal
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a simplified method to calculate an estimation of local forces acting on a body submitted to electric or magnetic fields. With experimentations, the method is thereafter evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

When an external strength exists on a body, its deformation is an effect always observed. With materials with low elasticity modulus, such a deformation becomes visible and its measurement can be used to validate numerical simulations. Using similarities between electric and magnetic behaviour laws, magnetic problems can be modelled with an electric field approach and studied with an experiment that also uses an electric field.

Findings

Geometrical singularities and their effects on calculations are not always well taken into account by a finite element resolution. An adaptive mesh refinement is often required. If such mesh refinement is refused, another solution can be explored. The goal is to know the external stress distribution induced by the field. The methods only focus on this stress distribution and assume that the magnetic or electric field distribution is imprecise when it is calculated near geometrical singularities. The stress distributions suggested are verified with experiments.

Originality/value

Using new materials with particular physical properties provides a new concept of experimental validation.
A coupled electromagnetic‐thermal model for the design of electric machines
Authors: Makni Z. , Besbes M. , Marchand C.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to describe a CAD tool of permanent magnet electric machines. The software tool is operational from the first design phases and allows to study coupled phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach

The described design methodology is based on the association of analytical and numerical approaches. A coupled electromagnetic‐thermal model is used for the analytical study. The numerical one uses the finite element method.

Findings

The sequential implementation of the two approaches highlights their complementarities and improves the time consuming and the reliability of the design process. The thermal coupling allows to anticipate the overheating of the machine and to take it into account in the design process.

Research limitations/implications

The simplifying assumptions made in the analytical model degrade the accuracy of temperature calculation.

Practical implications

This is a useful tool for electric machines manufacturer planning to obtain a fast and reliable solution in response to datasheet specifications.

Originality/value

This paper describes a multidisciplinary design methodology which is performed by coupling methods and software tools at the aim to take advantage of each one.
Women: segmenting the home fitness equipment market
Authors: McKechnie Donelda S. , Grant Jim , Korepina Victoria , Sadykova Naila
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to question whether increased interest in exercise has truly generated a market for home fitness equipment in which women are a viable consumer segment. It is guided by two objectives: to what extent are female consumers a viable target market segment for home fitness equipment; and to what extent do women believe/disbelieve the advertising claims that are made about such products.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection included in‐depth interviews with salespeople at two retail sporting goods establishments. Following questionnaire development, 400 self‐administered surveys were distributed to women, only, at various locations including malls and standalone locations such as coffee shops. Respondents were qualified with a question about frequency of exercise.

Findings

Results identify that women are a viable market. Cross tabulations and chi square significance note the associations between respondents' age, occupation, nationality and religion and the various equipment purchased including treadmills, workout equipment, stationary cycles and abdominal machines. Belief in advertising claims was higher for cardio equipment and least for abdominal machines. Post purchase satisfaction was greater for products that favoured noticeable physical changes and by businesswomen who arguably, may be more discerning shoppers.

Originality/value

Undertaking this research in a country known for its extensive expatriate population enabled an international cross‐sectional view of women's consumer behavior using the various demographics information collected. Academically, it considers constraint theory while practically, it provides a gender specific profile for the home‐use sport and fitness equipment market. Limitations include the narrow scope of four demographic variables and four product groups.
Relative effects of dependence and trust on flexibility, information exchange, and solidarity in marketing channels
Authors: Sezen Bulent , Yilmaz Cengiz
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The extent of relational behaviors displayed by independent partners in channels of distribution is a critical determinant of the efficiency and effectiveness of distribution operations. The purpose of this study is to focus on the two key antecedents of relational behaviors in channel dyads, dependence on and trust in the exchange partner, and to explore the relative effects of dependence and trust on each of the three major relational behavior forms of flexibility, information exchange, and solidarity.

Design/methodology/approach

Formal hypotheses are developed in the study regarding the joint and relative effects of dependence and trust on each relational behavior. Data collected from 192 automobile dealerships in Turkey are used for testing the hypotheses through separate regression analyses.

Findings

In line with the main study thesis, the results suggest that the relative effects of dependence on and trust in the supplier differ across dealer flexibility, information exchange, and solidarity displayed toward the supplier firms. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Practical implications

Findings of the study provide guidelines to channel firms in regard to the policies and programs that need to be developed to evoke desired forms of behaviors within their distribution networks.

Originality/value

Considering each relational behavior separately, this study provides support for the view that the emergences of different forms of behaviors in channel relationships occur through different motivational mechanisms.
Huawei Technologies Corporation: from local dominance to global challenge?
Authors: Low Brian
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to identify the challenges faced by Huawei Technologies, China's biggest telecommunications equipment manufacturer, as it makes the transition from an indigenously‐owned business to a potentially competitive global giant.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an inductive, interpretative case study complimented by hands‐on experience with the industry.

Findings

The paper finds that Huawei lies at a crossroads in a transitional telecommunication sector that is no longer isolated from global reforms and advancement. Through internationalisation the company has learned to compete by adjusting their mechanisms, learning instruments and focus.

Originality/value

The paper is useful for practitioners in that it shows how indigenous companies in latecomer industrialising countries like China can overcome the late mover position in some of the advanced markets they have entered. For academics it highlights the role of government in helping to construct competitive indigenous firms that could take on global giants.
Reference service and resources in the age of instant messaging
Authors: Oberhelman David D.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline the use of instant messaging for communications.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes studies carried out regarding the service, staffing, and economic and technological aspects of instant messagingFindings – Instant messaging was found to be a useful tool in helping to find relevant information to enquiries.Originality/value – The paper shows how developments in software and internet connections have made instant messaging a useful tool.
An assessment system for teacher education program quality improvement
Authors: Reusser Janet , Butler Loren , Symonds Matthew , Vetter Rheba , Wall Timothy J.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe how one US Midwestern university implements quality principles, based on the value added premise in a teacher preparation program that yields accountability, teacher education standards attainment and ultimately improvement of teacher candidates and overall programs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data pertinent to students were gathered in a systematic way as they declared a certification area. This data was used to identify students who needed tutorial support and class advisement to assure successful matriculation, program completion and success on identified critical assessments. The two assessments identified were teacher work sample (TWS) and the national physical education certification examination (Praxis II). Meaningful proactive advisement, data sharing and tutorial testing assistance program were the primary approaches used to improve teacher candidate competencies.

Findings

Specific course modifications and curricular redesign resulted in positive results on the TWS and Praxis II. The results have been improved teacher candidate performance on knowledge, skills and dispositions measures.

Research limitations/implications

As result of sharing data, a cultural shift occurred within the program. Faculty became more accountable to teacher candidate competency attainment and teacher candidates became more attuned to becoming an effective prospective teacher.

Practical implications

Because this particular teacher education programs implemented quality principles, utilized the value added approach to management and systematically used data that yielded positive results, it has become a model for other teacher education programs.

Originality/value

This study uses one program to provide examples of how management of accountability and standards attainment can lead to administrative, curricular, candidate and overall program improvement.
What accounts for students' loyalty? Some field study evidence
Authors: Helgesen Øyvind , Nesset Erik
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Public funding of institutions offering higher education is becoming scarcer, more complex, and to an ever‐increasing extent performance‐based. Concerning the teaching area the financing is partly based on student credits and professional degrees. Thus student loyalty has become an important strategic theme. The purpose is to study relationships between student satisfaction, students' perceptions of the reputation of an educational institution and student loyalty; hypothesizing positive relationships between satisfaction and loyalty, reputation and loyalty, and between satisfaction and reputation. Antecedents of student satisfaction and reputation are also included in the study.

Design/methodology/approach

The data source is a survey among students at the bachelor level of a university college in Norway, analyzed by a structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

The findings strongly support the three hypotheses. The university college may be looked upon as being satisfaction‐driven. Still reputation management is of great importance. Significant antecedents are identified and discussed.

Research limitations/implications

This research has been applied to a specific university college. The research should be expanded to other institutions offering higher education.

Practical implications

Based on a theoretical framework the study gives practical insight concerning drivers of student loyalty so that key success factors for the coming period of time can be identified.

Originality/value

When determining the most appropriate management strategy, such insight is becoming even more important than earlier. By allocating resources to activities that are important for the students, the managers may increase the value offered so that student retention may be obtained, thus ensuring governmental funds in future.
Trade unions and employment relations in the context of public sector change
Authors: Martínez Lucio Miguel
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to study the impact of new types of market‐based management systems in Western European public sector industrial relations.

Design/methodology/approach

It reviews the main literature on the topic and relevant policy texts.

Findings

It points to the different dimensions of public sector change in terms of industrial relations and outlines some of the contradictory outcomes and ongoing continuities.

Research limitations/implications

It is a general overview of key developments.

Practical implications

It is relevant for a discussion of the general trends and dynamic of public sector industrial relations.

Originality/value

It manages to take an overview of changes in the public sector and point to the uncertain development of a new market approach.