bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАТЕРІАЛЬНІ РЕЗЕРВИ ЯК ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ РЕСУРСНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ У СФЕРІ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ
Authors: Твердохліб Олександр , Подобєд Ігор
Published: December 2021

Сучасне лабільне середовище потребує розробки дієвих механізмів запобігання та ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій. Ефективні заходи запобігання беззаперечно здатні попередити значну кількість надзвичайних ситуацій природного, техногенного та іншого характеру. Злагоджені дії під час ліквідації наслідків збережуть життя та зменшать наслідки такої ситуації. У цьому процесі важливою складовою виступає матеріальне забезпечення, адже недостатня кількість та якість матеріальних запасів знижують результативність заходів з реагування на надзвичайні ситуації та призводять до збільшення втрат і тривалості дій з подолання їх наслідків. Проблемні питання економічного характеру, які виникають під час ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій, потребують перегляду ресурсного механізму державного управління в системі цивільного захисту України.

У запропонованій статті розглянуто поняття ресурсного механізму державного управління у сфері цивільного захисту населення і територій, матеріальних резервів, їх види. На підставі аналізу визначень, запропонованих провідними науковцями, удосконалено та сформовано авторське визначення понять «механізм управління» та «ресурсний механізм державного управління у сфері цивільного захисту населення і територій». Встановлено, що цей механізм, зокрема, передбачає забезпечення наявності матеріальних ресурсів через призму вимог до формування, накопичення, зберігання та відчуження матеріальних резервів всіх рівнів з метою ефективної ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій. Досліджено основні відмінності оновлених Методичних рекомендацій щодо створення та використання матеріальних резервів для запобігання виникненню і ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій, що застосовуються Державною службою України з надзвичайних ситуацій з 2020 року, від попередніх, які були чинними з 2017 року. На підставі аналізу законодавчих вимог щодо формування та використання матеріальних резервів запропоновано ключові заходи, яких необхідно вжити задля забезпечення сталого розвитку економіки в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій. Представлений науковий доробок уміщує дослідження заходів з удосконалення ресурсного механізму державного управління системою цивільного захисту України.
БЕЗПЕКОВА СКЛАДОВА ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ З ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ
Authors: Андреєв Сергій
Published: December 2021

У статті наведено результати дослідження сучасного стану безпекової освітньої компоненти у змісті професійної підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти за спеціальністю 281 «Публічне управління та адміністрування» (на прикладі другого (магістерського) рівня) в Україні. Акцентовано увагу на нагальній для нашої крани потребі цільової професійної підготовки державно-управлінських кадрів, компетентних у питаннях національної безпеки. Розглянуто процес становлення спеціальності «Державне управління у сфері національної безпеки» в межах галузі знань 1501 Державне управління протягом 2002-2015 рр. Проведено вибірковий аналіз магістерських програм зі спеціальності 281 «Публічне управління та адміністрування» деяких закладів вищої освіти на предмет наявності обов’язкових та вибіркових навчальних дисциплін, спрямованих на формування у студентів безпекової складової фахової компетентності. Обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо переліку спеціальних (фахових, предметних) компетентностей здобувачів вищої освіти за вказаною спеціальністю в рамках магістерської програми «Державне управління у сфері національної безпеки», а також стосовно переліку обов’язкових компонент відповідної програми. Зроблено такі висновки: включення освітніми закладами в магістерські програми зі спеціальності 281 «Публічне управління та адміністрування» навчальних дисциплін з питань національної безпеки, державного управління у цій сфері, має фрагментарний характер, через що у змісті цих програм розмивається безпекова компонента; відсутність бюджетних магістерських програм зі спеціальності 256 «Національна безпека», а також з питань державного управління у сфері національної безпеки за спеціальністю 281 «Публічне управління та адміністрування» свідчать про брак системного підходу до вирішення проблем професійного навчання управлінських кадрів для сфери національної безпеки. Обґрунтовано пропозицію щодо необхідності розробки та впровадження у навчальний процес магістерських програм «Державне управління у сфері національної безпеки» зі спеціальності 281 «Публічне управління та адміністрування», фінансування таких програм за рахунок коштів державного бюджету.
INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE LEADERSHIP TRAITS ON EARLY ADOPTION OF ICT FARMING SYSTEMS BY FARMER UNIONS
Authors: Alpha Alpha , Twum-Darko Michael
Published: December 2021

The study sought to determine the
effects of leadership trait towards promoting
utilization of ICT farming systems for maize
production in Zimbabwe. The study adopted
qualitative approach and utilized 219 participants.
The research also adopted an ordinal regression
model to analyze the data. The study contributed
the knowledge that leadership who are dominant,
who are not flexible to change and conserved
hinder the adoption of ICT farming systems for
maize production just like leaders under small
scale maize farmer union. In order to facilitate
early the adoption which has taken place under
the large scale maize farmer organization, farmer
leadership, must possess radical, flexibility, and
participatory traits to facilitate change and not
inhibit change. In order to promote the early
adoption of ICT farming systems in the maize
value chain the farmer union leadership must be
flexible and less dominance to change.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A SMALL SCALE COCOPEAT COMPACTION MACHINE
Authors: Magara Evans , Mayaka Abel , Ondieki Charles , Ikua Bernard
Published: December 2021

Coconut is one of the major crops grown by
small-scale farmers in Kenya coast. This crop has a great
potential to contribute to the economy of the region,
owing to the wide applications of its products. Virtually
all parts of the crop including its leaves, fruit, stem and
roots are useful for many products, such as food,
beverages, cosmetics, medicine, furniture, textiles and
cocopeat. Cocopeat is a by-product in fibre production
from coconut husks. The cocopeat is used as a planting
medium in soilless culture in agricultural production and
as a soil substitute in containerized crop production.
Recently, these soilless media have received much interest
especially in commercial applications in Kenya, especially
in horticultural farms. Since the cocopeat is a loose
material, its transportation poses a challenge due to its
bulkiness. Therefore a need for compacting it for ease of
transportation. For this purpose, an automated cocopeat
block making machine was developed to compact the
loose cocopeat into uniform blocks to facilitate stacking
and ease of transportation from source to agricultural
farms across the country. The machine was automated.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND IP TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT USING ACL
Authors: M U Shreehitha , V Dr. Kiran
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to compare the interior
routing protocols RIP, OSPF & EIGRP considering
network parameters like metrics, Convergence time &
scalability. All the three protocols are configured for a
common hybrid network. The study make use of standard
and extended ACLs.
SATISFACTION SURVEY OF PATIENTS FOR TELEMEDICINE CONSULTATION DURING COVID 19 TRANSMISSIONS
Authors: Debnath Stuti
Published: December 2021

Telemedicine was defined by the
World Health Organization as “the delivery of
health care services by all health care
professionals using technology for the
exchange of valid information for the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of disease and
injuries”. In the current scenario of COVID19, telemedicine played a vital role in our live by
saving our time and also by helping us in
maintaining the social distancing norms.
Telemedicine consultation helps to minimize the
spread of the virus by providing all kind of
health care services without the need of going
to the close contact to the clinicians. In our city
both government and private hospitals have
actively participated and provided their every
possible way of contribution to various
telemedicine activities. The aim & objective of
this study is to find out, satisfaction of the
patients in using telemedicine consultation
during COVID-19 pandemic. A Survey was
administered among 30 patients who had
received at least one or more than one
telemedicine consultation to know the
satisfaction for telemedicine consultation during
this COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was done
among 30 people between the age group of 30-
above 60 year during the year 2021. The survey
was done through Google Form. Participants
responded to survey questions about their
telemedicine consultation during COVID-19
pandemic. The result of the survey shows,
60% people from 30-40 age group, 6.7% people
from 41-50 age group, 23.3% people from
51-60 age group & 10% people from above 60
age group used telemedicine during this
pandemic. My survey also shows that 20% for
new complaint, 16.7% follow up, 33.3% for
emergency & 30% for covid 19 related reasons
used telemedicine and it also shows that 30%
people for sick or well check, 40% people used
for safety, 26.7% people used to save time and
3.3% people used telemedicine for other reason
for most recent visit. From my study I found out
that 53.3% people used telephone & 20% used
video conference and 26.7%
FEA ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD PROVIDED
Authors: V. Patil Mehul
Published: December 2021

Automobile engineering format has currently
fussed majorly on the strain analysis and ??timiz?ti?n of ?
??nne?ting r?d with e?ger em?h?sis ?n the ?ru?i?l
??r?meters in?luding def?rm?ti?n, str?in, f?tigue ?nd
strain, element s?fety, existen?e v?lues ?m?ngst ?thers.
The ??nne?ting r?d is ? ?rim?ry hy?erlink intern?l ?f ?
??mbusti?n engine. It ??nne?ts the ?ist?n t? the ?r?nksh?ft
?nd is li?ble f?r tr?nsferring ??wer fr?m the ?ist?n t? the
?r?nksh?feet ?nd sending it t? the tr?nsmissi?n.
The general overall performance ?f ? ??nne?ting
r?d in ? ??r engine is stimul?ted with the res?ur?e ?f its
l?y?ut ?nd weight. theref?re, f?r the ?r?du?ti?n ?f ?
dur?ble, inex?ensive, ?nd light-weight ??nne?ting r?d,
ev?lu?ti?n ?nd ??timiz?ti?n gr?w t? be ?riti??l. S?me
?rti?les ?ffer ?n ?ssessment ?f s?me ?ru?i?l ?rtw?rk
??rried ?ut utilizing v?ri?us rese?r?hers in designing,
re?ding, ?nd ??timiz?ti?n ?f ??nne?ting r?d ?f ?n engine
the us?ge ?f finite det?il ev?lu?ti?n in ?NSYS w?rkben?h
? ??m?lete ??m??ris?n desk ?nd gr??hs f?r the reviewed
research ?rti?les h?d been ?r?vided. this ?rti?le will
amusing?ti?n ?s ? ste??ing st?ne f?r each ?ntique ?nd new
rese?r?her in the ?re? ?f ??r l?y?ut.
Pancreatic β-Cell Senescence: Mechanisms and Association with Diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Sara M , Elshenawy Shimaa E , Sedky Sara , Elmehrath Ahmed O , El-Badri Nagwa
Published: December 2021

Senescence occurs as a part of the cellular response to different stressors. With increasing age, continuous exposure to stressors leads to age-induced senescence. Pancreatic β-cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis also decrease with age, which results in a decrease in β cell mass and, eventually, the possible development of diabetes. This process is mediated through impaired cell cycle regulators, along with specific increases in cell cycle inhibitors, telomere shortening, and defective DNA repair mechanisms. Diabetes contributes to β-cell senescence through hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. β cells isolated from patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to have senescence markers, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes and β-galactosidase. In this paper, the authors discuss the mechanisms of cellular senescence, how senescence is impacted by the diabetic microenvironment, and the possible mechanisms and factors contributing to β-cell senescence.
A Qualitative Enquiry into the Lived Experiences of Adults with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Birdi Gurkiran , Larkin Michael , Knibb Rebecca C
Published: December 2021

Background: atopic dermatitis (AD) has been related to poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults and there is lack of qualitative research that explores how this long-term condition
affects the lives of adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of AD on the HRQoL of adults through semi-structured interviews.

Study design: this was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Methods: adults with a clinical diagnosis of AD were recruited by advertising on a university campus and through social media sites. All participants completed a screening questionnaire on AD diagnosis, treatment, duration, and severity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted either face-to-face or on the telephone then audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: the study group (n=19) consisted of 10 White and nine Black and ethnic minority participants, aged 19–52, of whom 18 were female. Three superordinate themes emerged from the analysis: 1) visibility of AD; 2) threats to inner sense of self; and 3) contrasting reactions and support from others. There were qualitative differences in the narratives of those who were diagnosed with AD at an early age compared to a later age, and across ethnic groups.

Conclusions: AD has a great impact on the QoL of adults. Participants in this study discussed issues that have not been reported in quantitative research, particularly around the lack of understanding of the psychological impact of AD and the stigma attached to it. Consideration of these factors may enhance disease management and improve HRQoL. Understanding and recognition of AD as a complex long-term condition involving significant psychosocial impact is crucial. The findings from this study suggest more integrated and accessible psychological support is required for people with AD. Males were under-represented in this study, and further exploration of the impact on AD in males is needed.
Combatting SARS-CoV-2: Potential Therapeutic Candidates Against COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Pramod Kumar , Kulkarn Savita
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19, a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 in China and has spread to 210 countries and territories. Since then, it has infected >187.3 million people worldwide, causing >4.0 million deaths, and numbers are continuing to rise. Fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia are the main symptoms of this disease, which does not have any specific antiviral treatment or vaccines to date, and clinical management is mainly symptomatic treatment. Summary: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the development of novel therapeutic agents against the virus to stop the pandemic. Drugs targeting viral as well as host factors may have a potential antiviral effect. The development of novel drugs may take years; hence, the best alternative available is to repurpose existing antiviral drugs with a known safety profile in humans. Further, compounds with known in vitro and in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus have been included in recent clinical trials and exhibited encouraging results against SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors provide a summary of therapeutic compounds that have shown antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 infections in cell lines, animal models, and patients. Key Messages: With every passing day, knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is increasing due to continued efforts of scientists working in this area globally. Approximately 15% of patients with COVID-19 are affected by severe illness and treatments are desperately needed. In this time of global pandemic, collective and co-ordinated efforts are needed to develop therapeutic agents against this disease.
Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Factors and Management Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ponce Daniela , Kazan Nilo , Pereira Adler , Babi Andre
Published: December 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health problem, occurring in >13 million people and responsible for >2.3 million deaths every year, 85% of which are in developing countries. Although the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) set a goal of eliminating preventable deaths by AKI by 2025, implementation of this program in developing countries presents major challenges for several reasons: there are few data on the epidemiology and causes of AKI in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); health care resources to diagnose, manage, and treat AKI are often limited; and governments, institutions, and global health initiatives have not focussed sufficiently on the AKI problems. Thus, developing and implementing effective strategies to eliminate preventable deaths from AKI in LMIC have required efforts to better understand how to increase the awareness of AKI by health care workers and institutions.
New Aspects of Pathogenesis and Treatment of Membranous Glomerulopathy After the MENTOR Study
Authors: Salvadori Maurizio , Tsalouchos Aris
Published: December 2021

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, accounting for 20% of cases with an annual incidence of 1 per 100,000 population. In the past 10 years, the role of podocytes has been identified. Environmental triggers in genetically predisposed patients can activate podocytes to exhibit antigenic epitopes, including PLA2R, THBS1, and NELL1, which become targets of specific autoantibodies with subsequent complement activation. The discovery of these mechanisms has opened a new horizon in the treatment of MN, and novel drugs are available with more specific mechanisms of action. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 expressed on B lymphocytes, has been used in several trials and appears to induce remission of nephrotic syndrome in 60% of patients (GEMRITUX trial). The recently published results of the MENTOR trial documented the superior efficacy of rituximab in patients observed for up to 24 months. In MN, the concept of targeting disease control has introduced novel therapies with specific blocking mechanisms, such as belimumab; nonspecific blocking mechanisms, such as those against adrenocorticotropic hormone; and new therapeutic options, such as ofatumumab, bortezomib, and eculizumab, which have recognised the pathological processes involved in the glomerular diseases.
Relationships between values of myocardial remodeling parameters and level of apoptosis biomarkers in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mukhambetova G. N. , Polunina O. S. , Voronina L. P. , Greenberg N. B. , Polunina E. A. , Prokofieva T. V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research. To study levels of the apoptosis biomarkers annexin A5 (AnxA5) and Bcl‑2 and to identify the presence of correlations of structural and functional parameters of the myocardium with the level of the studied biomarkers in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).

Materials and methods. Patients with ICMP (n = 47) were examined as the main group. The control group included 30 somatically healthy individuals. Bcl‑2 and APA5 levels were determined in the blood serum by the enzyme immunoassay.

Results. It was found that in the group of patients with ICMP. The level of AnxA5 was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001), and the level of Bcl‑2 was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the control group. Based on the results of the correlation analysis a noticeable close relationship on the Cheddock scale was revealed between levels of the studied apoptosis biomarkers and the values of the sphericity index of in diastole and systole of left ventricle (LV), final diastolic and systolic volume of LV and ejection fraction of LV. Between the other parameters of myocardial remodeling and levels of the studied biomarkers of apoptosis, the closeness of relationships on the Cheddock scale were weak and moderate.
Significance of Gardnerella vaginalis genotyping in diagnosis of recurrent bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Krysanova A. A. , Gushchin A. E. , Savicheva A. M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the importance of identifying different genotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis in the diagnosis of recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

Materials and methods. The study involved 299 women of reproductive age. All patients were divided into three groups (healthy women, women with the first episode of bacterial vaginosis, and women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis). DNA of Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal discharge was detected by real-time PCR. The detection of four genotypes of G. vaginalis was performed using real-time multiplex PCR. To quantify the amplified PCR fragments, quantitative standard samples were constructed. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the statistical package NCSS 11 (NCSS, LCC).

Results. In 38.2 % of healthy women, any one genotype of G. vaginalis was identified in the vaginal biotope, most often it was genotype 4 (35.2 %), while the concentration of G. vaginalis DNA was low (102–103 geqs/ml). When several genotypes of gardnerella were detected simultaneously in healthy women, the DNA concentration did not exceed 104 geqs/ml. A completely different picture was observed among women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). In the first episode of BV, genotype 4 of G. vaginalis prevailed, both as a single genotype and in combination with 1 or 2, or 3 genotypes. In the recurrent course of BV, only 3–4 genotypes of G. vaginalis were detected at once, and in 78 % of cases it had place is a combination of 1, 2 and 4 genotypes, and the DNA concentration was 107–108 geqs/ml.

Conclusion. To diagnose recurrent forms of BV, it is necessary to develop and introduce into practice laboratory diagnostics a test system for detecting different genotypes of G. vaginalis by real-time PCR.
Exploring the Microbiome Analysis and Visualization Landscape
Authors: Peeters Jannes , Thas Olivier , Shkedy Ziv , Kodalci Leyla , Musisi Connie , Owokotomo Olajumoke Evangelina , Dyczko Aleksandra , Hamad Ibrahim , Vangronsveld Jaco , Kleinewietfeld Markus , Thijs Sofie , Aerts Jan
Published: December 2021

Research on the microbiome has boomed recently, which resulted in a wide range of tools, packages, and algorithms to analyze microbiome data. Here we investigate and map currently existing tools that can be used to perform visual analysis on the microbiome, and associate the including methods, visual representations and data features to the research objectives currently of interest in microbiome research. The analysis is based on a combination of a literature review and workshops including a group of domain experts. Both the reviewing process and workshops are based on domain characterization methods to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers from different disciplines. We identify several research questions related to microbiomes, and describe how different analysis methods and visualizations help in tackling them.
Green Process: Improved Semi-Continuous Fermentation of Pichia pastoris Based on the Principle of Vitality Cell Separation
Authors: Wang Denggang , Li Wenjie , Zhang Xinying , Liang Shuli , Lin Ying
Published: December 2021

The large-scale fermentation of Pichia pastoris for recombinant protein production would be time consuming and produce a large amount of waste yeast. Here we introduce a novel semi-continuous fermentation process for P. pastoris GS115 that can separate vitality cells from broth and recycle the cells to produce high-secretory recombinant pectate lyase. It is based on differences in cell sedimentation coefficients with the formation of salt bridges between metal ions and various cell states. Compared to batch-fed cultivation and general semi-continuous culture, the novel process has significant advantages, such as consuming fewer resources, taking less time, and producing less waste yeast. Sedimentation with the addition of Fe3+ metal ions consumed 14.8 ± 0.0% glycerol, 97.8 ± 1.3% methanol, 55.0 ± 0.9 inorganic salts, 81.5 ± 0.0% time cost, and 77.0 ± 0.1% waste yeast versus batch-fed cultivation to produce an equal amount of protein; in addition, the cost of solid–liquid separation was lower for cells in the collected fermentation broth. The process is economically and environmentally efficient for producing recombinant proteins.
Negative Transpulmonary Pressure Disrupts Airway Morphogenesis by Suppressing Fgf10
Authors: Stanton Alice E. , Goodwin Katharine , Sundarakrishnan Aswin , Jaslove Jacob M. , Gleghorn Jason P. , Pavlovich Amira L. , Nelson Celeste M.
Published: December 2021

Mechanical forces are increasingly recognized as important determinants of cell and tissue phenotype and also appear to play a critical role in organ development. During the fetal stages of lung morphogenesis, the pressure of the fluid within the lumen of the airways is higher than that within the chest cavity, resulting in a positive transpulmonary pressure. Several congenital defects decrease or reverse transpulmonary pressure across the developing airways and are associated with a reduced number of branches and a correspondingly underdeveloped lung that is insufficient for gas exchange after birth. The small size of the early pseudoglandular stage lung and its relative inaccessibility in utero have precluded experimental investigation of the effects of transpulmonary pressure on early branching morphogenesis. Here, we present a simple culture model to explore the effects of negative transpulmonary pressure on development of the embryonic airways. We found that negative transpulmonary pressure decreases branching, and that it does so in part by altering the expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10). The morphogenesis of lungs maintained under negative transpulmonary pressure can be rescued by supplementing the culture medium with exogenous FGF10. These data suggest that Fgf10 expression is regulated by mechanical stress in the developing airways. Understanding the mechanical signaling pathways that connect transpulmonary pressure to FGF10 can lead to the establishment of novel non-surgical approaches for ameliorating congenital lung defects.
Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Gut Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, and Glymphatic Dysfunction
Authors: Chi Li , Cheng Xiao , Lin Lishan , Yang Tao , Sun Jianbo , Feng Yiwei , Liang Fengyin , Pei Zhong , Teng Wei
Published: December 2021

Background

Periodontal pathogen and gut microbiota are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone periodontal pathogen, can induce cognitive impairment. The gut has a connection and communication with the brain, which is an important aspect of the gut–brain axis (GBA). In the present study, we investigate whether Pg induces cognitive impairment through disturbing the GBA.

Methods

In this study, Pg was orally administered to mice, three times a week for 1 month. The effects of Pg administration on the gut and brain were evaluated through behaviors, gut microbiota, immune cells, glymphatic pathway clearance, and neuroinflammation.

Results

Pg induced cognitive impairment and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The α-diversity parameters did not show significant change after Pg administration. The β-diversity demonstrated that the gut microbiota compositions were different between the Pg-administered and control groups. At the species level, the Pg group displayed a lower abundance of Parabacteroides gordonii and Ruminococcus callidus than the control group, but a higher abundance of Mucispirillum schaedleri. The proportions of lymphocytes in the periphery and myeloid cells infiltrating the brain were increased in Pg-treated animals. In addition, the solute clearance efficiency of the glymphatic system decreased. Neurons in the hippocampus and cortex regions were reduced in mice treated with Pg. Microglia, astrocytes, and apoptotic cells were increased. Furthermore, amyloid plaque appeared in the hippocampus and cortex regions in Pg-treated mice.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that Pg may play an important role in gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and glymphatic system impairment, which may in turn lead to cognitive impairment.
Pathogen-Host Interaction Repertoire at Proteome and Posttranslational Modification Levels During Fungal Infections
Authors: Li Yanjian , Li Hailong , Sun Tianshu , Ding Chen
Published: December 2021

Prevalence of fungal diseases has increased globally in recent years, which often associated with increased immunocompromised patients, aging populations, and the novel Coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, due to the limitation of available antifungal agents mortality and morbidity rates of invasion fungal disease remain stubbornly high, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi exacerbates the problem. Fungal pathogenicity and interactions between fungi and host have been the focus of many studies, as a result, lots of pathogenic mechanisms and fungal virulence factors have been identified. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a novel approach to better understand fungal pathogenicities and host–pathogen interactions at protein and protein posttranslational modification (PTM) levels. The approach has successfully elucidated interactions between pathogens and hosts by examining, for example, samples of fungal cells under different conditions, body fluids from infected patients, and exosomes. Many studies conclude that protein and PTM levels in both pathogens and hosts play important roles in progression of fungal diseases. This review summarizes mass spectrometry studies of protein and PTM levels from perspectives of both pathogens and hosts and provides an integrative conceptual outlook on fungal pathogenesis, antifungal agents development, and host–pathogen interactions.
Stressed Out About Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytogenesis
Authors: Usui Miho , Williamson Kim C.
Published: December 2021

Blocking malaria transmission is critical to malaria control programs but remains a major challenge especially in endemic regions with high levels of asymptomatic infections. New strategies targeting the transmissible sexual stages of the parasite, called gametocytes, are needed. This review focuses on P. falciparum gametocytogenesisin vivoandin vitro. Highlighting advances made elucidating genes required for gametocyte production and identifying key questions that remain unanswered such as the factors and regulatory mechanisms that contribute to gametocyte induction, and the mechanism of sequestration. Tools available to begin to address these issues are also described to facilitate advances in our understanding of this important stage of the life cycle.
Moving From Indifference to Responsibility: Reframing Environmental Behavior Among College Students in Israel
Authors: Dopelt Keren , Loren Ori , Gapich Gal , Davidovitch Nadav
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To examine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of students on topics related to climate change and the relationship between those variables.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire, including 704 students. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlations, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and regression models.

Results: Only 42% of participants understood what climate change meant, and 14% indicated their indifference toward it. Students had a moderate level of knowledge about the impact of climate change, and their attitudes were moderately positive, yet they demonstrated poor environmental behavior. We found positive relationships between variables, with attitudes mediating the relationship between knowledge and behavior. Women demonstrated more pro-environmental behavior than men.

Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of raising awareness of climate change's effects and its mitigation. Pro-environmental behavior requires long-term thinking and priorities for the future rather than benefits in the present. Future environmental education campaigns should emphasize individual contributions to environmental impacts in the context of climate change, as well as environmentally relevant consumption habits. We suggest including an introductory reflective and emancipatory course in environmental studies in all departments, emphasizing public health aspects.
Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish – Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork”)
Authors: Foessl Ines , Bassett J. H. Duncan , Bjørnerem Åshild , Busse Björn , Calado Ângelo , Chavassieux Pascale , Christou Maria , Douni Eleni , Fiedler Imke A. K. , Fonseca João Eurico , Hassler Eva , Högler Wolfgang , Kague Erika , Karasik David , Khashayar Patricia , Langdahl Bente L. , Leitch Victoria D. , Lopes Philippe , Markozannes Georgios , McGuigan Fiona E. A. , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Ntzani Evangelia , Oei Ling , Ohlsson Claes , Szulc Pawel , Tobias Jonathan H. , Trajanoska Katerina , Tuzun Şansın , Valjevac Amina , van Rietbergen Bert , Williams Graham R. , Zekic Tatjana , Rivadeneira Fernando , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara
Published: December 2021

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals – including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing –omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards “personalised medicine”.
Conceptualizing the State of the Art of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Green Construction and Its Nexus to Sustainable Development
Authors: Avotra Andrianarivo Andriandafiarisoa Ralison Ny , Chenyun Ye , Yongmin Wu , Lijuan Zhang , Nawaz Ahsan
Published: December 2021

The study has been investigated on conceptualizing the state of the art of cooperate social responsibility (CSR) in green construction and its nexus to sustainable development. The research objective is to find out the significant relationship between CSR and green construction and further link green construction with sustainable development. The data has been collected from the 319 respondents working on different projects in the construction industry of China. The study is quantitative by nature. SEM analysis with the help of Smart-PLS has been applied to test the hypothesis relationship and mediations between components of CSR, green construction, and sustainable development. Results define that green procurement as a component of green construction strongly mediates between corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, and green design and CO2 emission moderately mediates between corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. This research would add values, benefits, and knowledge toward reducing environmental temperature with the help of green construction occupying the effects of CSR on it. It would be helpful to change the trends in the construction industry to make environmental health protective and to boost the sustainable development.
Dynamics and Determinants of Market Integration of Green, Clean, Dirty Energy Investments and Conventional Stock Indices
Authors: Liu Xin , Bouri Elie , Jalkh Naji
Published: December 2021

We examine market integration across and clean and green investments, crude oil, and conventional stock indices covering technology stocks, and United States and European stocks. Using daily data covering the period December 1, 2008—October 8, 2020, we first apply the dynamic equicorrelation (DECO) model and make inferences regarding the time-varying level of market integration. Then, we use several regression models and uncover the driving factors of market integration under lower and upper quantiles of the distribution of the equicorrelation. The results show that return equicorrelation varies with time and is shaped by the COVID19 outbreak. Various uncertainty measures are the main drivers of market integration, especially at high levels of market integration. During the COVID-19 outbreak period, the United States Dollar index, the term spread, and the Chinese stock market index have significantly increased market integration.
Patterns of Bat Diversity in an Undisturbed Forest and Forest Mosaic Habitats of the Afromontane Forest Biome of Western Cameroon
Authors: BakwoFils Eric-Moîse , Mongombe Manga Aaron , Manfothang Dongmo Ervis , Gomeh-Djame Aicha , Takuo Jean Michel , Bilong Bilong Charles Felix
Published: December 2021

Anthropogenic activities continue to degrade natural montane ecosystems globally. Bats communities are altered by these changes. We analyzed how bats are affected by human-induced habitat changes by comparing the bat species diversity and functional diversity in undisturbed forest habitats and disturbed forest habitats of the Afromontane biome of Cameroon. We recorded 244 individuals from 13 species in the undisturbed forest, while 233 individuals from 16 species were recorded in the disturbed forest. Bat diversity was higher in disturbed habitats (D= 0.84) than undisturbed habitats (D= 0.67). Jackknife 1 species richness estimator suggests 21.53 species for the disturbed forest and 19.30 in the undisturbed forest. Closed-space forager insectivorous bats made up nearly half of the species in the undisturbed forest, but this dropped to 25% in the disturbed forest, meanwhile, edge-space foragers increased in the disturbed forest. Bat community analyses by ordination revealed a distinct bat community composition between the two forest types, demonstrated as a significant difference in diversity between the two forest types. The distribution ofRousettus aegyptiacus, Myonycteris angolensis, Hipposideroscf.ruber, andMicropteropus pusilluscontribute the most to the difference in bat community composition between the two forest types. Edge and open-space species were likely to benefit from additional resources provided by the disturbed area, by expanding their range and distribution. However, this may not compensate for the decline in the population of forest species caused by the loss of pristine forests, thus measures to conserve montane forest remnants should be of utmost significance.
Genetic Variation and the Distribution of Variant Types in the Horse
Authors: Durward-Akhurst S. A. , Schaefer R. J. , Grantham B. , Carey W. K. , Mickelson J. R. , McCue M. E.
Published: December 2021

Genetic variation is a key contributor to health and disease. Understanding the link between an individual’s genotype and the corresponding phenotype is a major goal of medical genetics. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) within and across populations enables highly efficient variant discovery and elucidation of the molecular nature of virtually all genetic variation. Here, we report the largest catalog of genetic variation for the horse, a species of importance as a model for human athletic and performance related traits, using WGS of 534 horses. We show the extent of agreement between two commonly used variant callers. In data from ten target breeds that represent major breed clusters in the domestic horse, we demonstrate the distribution of variants, their allele frequencies across breeds, and identify variants that are unique to a single breed. We investigate variants with no homozygotes that may be potential embryonic lethal variants, as well as variants present in all individuals that likely represent regions of the genome with errors, poor annotation or where the reference genome carries a variant. Finally, we show regions of the genome that have higher or lower levels of genetic variation compared to the genome average. This catalog can be used for variant prioritization for important equine diseases and traits, and to provide key information about regions of the genome where the assembly and/or annotation need to be improved.
Characterizing the Copy Number Variation of Non-Coding RNAs Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Markers of LUSC
Authors: Ning Jinfeng , Wang Fengjiao , Zhu Kaibin , Li Binxi , Shu Qing , Liu Wei
Published: December 2021

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has a poor clinical prognosis and a lack of available targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of LUSC. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, integrated analysis of multi-omics data will provide annotation of pathogenic non-coding variants and the role of non-coding sequence variants in cancers. Here, we integrated RNA-seq profiles and copy number variation (CNV) data to study the effects of non-coding variations on gene regulatory network. Furthermore, the 372 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) regulated by CNV were used as candidate genes, which could be used as biomarkers for clinical application. Nine lncRNAs including LINC00896, MCM8-AS1, LINC01251, LNX1-AS1, GPRC5D-AS1, CTD-2350J17.1, LINC01133, LINC01121, and AC073130.1 were recognized as prognostic markers for LUSC. By exploring the association of the prognosis-related lncRNAs (pr-lncRNAs) with immune cell infiltration, GPRC5D-AS1 and LINC01133 were highlighted as markers of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Additionally, the cascade response of pr-lncRNA-CNV-mRNA-physiological functions was revealed. Taken together, the identification of prognostic markers and carcinogenic regulatory mechanisms will contribute to the individualized treatment for LUSC and promote the development of precision medicine.
ICP22/IE63 Mediated Transcriptional Regulation and Immune Evasion: Two Important Survival Strategies for Alphaherpesviruses
Authors: He Qing , Wu Ying , Wang Mingshu , Chen Shun , Jia Renyong , Yang Qiao , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Gao Qun , Sun Di , Tian Bin , Cheng Anchun
Published: December 2021

In the process of infecting the host, alphaherpesviruses have derived a series of adaptation and survival strategies, such as latent infection, autophagy and immune evasion, to survive in the host environment. Infected cell protein 22 (ICP22) or its homologue immediate early protein 63 (IE63) is a posttranslationally modified multifunctional viral regulatory protein encoded by all alphaherpesviruses. In addition to playing an important role in the efficient use of host cell RNA polymerase II, it also plays an important role in the defense process of the virus overcoming the host immune system. These two effects of ICP22/IE63 are important survival strategies for alphaherpesviruses. In this review, we summarize the complex mechanism by which the ICP22 protein regulates the transcription of alphaherpesviruses and their host genes and the mechanism by which ICP22/IE63 participates in immune escape. Reviewing these mechanisms will also help us understand the pathogenesis of alphaherpesvirus infections and provide new strategies to combat these viral infections.
Cytokine Expression of Lung Bacterial Infection in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Li Zengzheng , Yang Zefeng , Hu Peng , Guan Xin , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Jinping , Yang Tonghua , Zhang Chaoran , Zhao Renbin
Published: December 2021

Adult patients with hematological malignancies are frequently accompanied by bacterial infections in the lungs when they are first diagnosed. Sputum culture, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature, and other routinely used assays are not always reliable. Cytokines are frequently abnormally produced in adult hematological malignancies associated with a lung infection, it is uncertain if cytokines can predict lung bacterial infections in individuals with hematological malignancies. Therefore, we reviewed 541 adult patients newly diagnosed with hematological malignancies, of which 254 patients had lung bacterial infections and 287 patients had no other clearly diagnosed infections. To explore the predictive value of cytokines for pulmonary bacterial infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Our results show that IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β and IL-17A are in the lungs The expression level of bacterially infected individuals was higher than that of patients without any infections (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that 88.89% (200/225) of patients with IL-6 ≥34.12 pg/ml had a bacterial infection in their lungs. With the level of IL-8 ≥16.35 pg/ml, 71.67% (210/293) of patients were infected. While 66.10% (193/292) of patients had lung bacterial infections with the level of IL-10 ≥5.62 pg/ml. When IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were both greater than or equal to their Cutoff-value, 98.52% (133/135) of patients had lung bacterial infection. Significantly better than PCT ≥0.11 ng/ml [63.83% (150/235)], body temperature ≥38.5°C [71.24% (62/87)], CRP ≥9.3 mg/L [53.59% (112/209)] the proportion of lung infection. In general. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 are abnormally elevated in patients with lung bacterial infections in adult hematological malignancies. Then, the abnormal increase of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 should pay close attention to the possible lung bacterial infection in patients.
A Novel Bispecific Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and VEGF With Combined Anti-Tumor Activities
Authors: Cui Xiaopei , Jia Huifeng , Xin Hong , Zhang Lei , Chen Shi , Xia Simin , Li Xue , Xu Wei , Chen Xiaofang , Feng Yujie , Wei Xiaoyue , Yu Haijia , Wang Yanting , Zhan Yifan , Zhu Xiangyang , Zhang Xuemei
Published: December 2021

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking immune checkpoints have been mainly used as monotherapy. Recently, combination therapy targeting multiple immune checkpoints has recently been explored to increase anti-cancer efficacy. Particularly, a single molecule targeting more than one checkpoints has been investigated. As dual blocking of PD-1/PD-L1 and VEGF/VEGFR has demonstrated synergism in anti-tumor activities, we developed a novel bispecific antibody, termed HB0025, which is formed via fusing the domain 2 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1D2) and anti-PD-L1 mAb by using mAb-Trap technology. HB0025 almost completely retains the binding affinities and the biological activities in-vitro when compared with the parent anti-PD-L1 mAb or VEGFR1D2 fusion protein. Preclinical data demonstrated that HB0025 was more effective in inhibiting cancer growth than anti PD-L1 mAb or VEGFR1D2 fusion protein. Thus, our bispecific antibody may bring about greater clinical benefits and broader indications.