bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia complicated by pathological fracture of right femoral shaft with nonunion-A Case Report
Authors: Dong Zhu , Qifan Yang , jing Liu , lei Tan , ye Jiang
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibrous bone tumor that accounts for 5% to 10% of benign bone tumors. It can manifest as simple fibrous dysplasia (70% - 80%), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (20% - 30%), with approximately the same incidence in men and women(1). We report a patient with a rare case of multiple fibrous dysplasia combined with proximal femoral shepherd deformity with pathological fracture of the femoral shaft complicated by nonunion. It is necessary to understand the disease in more detail to avoid overtreatment of benign lesions or misdiagnosis of malignant tumors and other diseases.Case presentation: A 58-year-old man with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, bilateral proximal femur deformity, Shepherd's angle deformity, right femoral shaft pathological fracture complicated by nonunion, we under fluoroscopy, in the obvious proximal fracture, take osteotomy, and process the shape of the cut bone fragment to adapt it to the corrected force line, and then restore it back to its original position, using intramedullary nailing technology complete the operation.Three months after the operation, he came to the hospital for re-examination, and an X-ray of the right femur was taken. It was found that the fractured end had a tendency to heal. The patient was instructed to gradually bear weight. After six months of re-examination, the patient could walk with a walker. One year after the operation, the patient could walk without a walker and take care of himself at home. However, there was still stretch-like pain in the right lower back, but it was tolerable.Conclusions: For patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia combined with proximal femoral shepherd deformity and pathological fracture of the femoral shaft with nonunion, osteotomy combined with intramedullary nailing is a simple and convenient way to correct the deformity and obtain correct fracture alignment.
Muscle Size, Strength, and Physical Function in Response to Augmented Calorie Delivery: A TARGET Sub-Study
Authors: Chapple Lee-anne S , Summers Matthew J , Weinel Luke M , Lange Kylie , Yang Woo Han , Deane Adam M , Chapman Marianne J
Published: February 2022

Background
Critical illness leads to muscle wasting which may be attenuated with augmented calorie delivery. The Augmented versus Routine approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET) randomized 4000 patients to receive energy-dense (1.5kcal/ml) or standard (1.0kcal/ml) enteral nutrition. The aim of this sub-study was to evaluate whether augmented calorie delivery attenuates muscle loss and maintains strength and physical function when compared to routine care.
Methods
TARGET participants from a single participating ICU were eligible for enrolment in this sub-study if consent could be obtained. Ultrasound-derived muscle layer thickness (MLT) at three landmarks (quadriceps, forearm and mid-upper arm) and handgrip strength were measured at baseline and every 7 days until hospital discharge and at 3- and 6-months following randomization. Physical function was also assessed at 3- and 6-months using the ‘get up and go’ and 6-minute walk tests. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Results
Eighty patients (1.5kcal: n = 38, 58 ± 14 years, 60% male, APACHE II 20 ± 7 vs. 1.0kcal: n = 42, 54 ± 18 years, 66% male, APACHE II 22 ± 10) were recruited. Although patients in the 1.5kcal group received more calories (2075 ± 344 vs 1325 ± 313 kcal/day; P < 0.001), there was no significant difference in quadriceps MLT at any timepoint, including ICU discharge (primary outcome) (1.5kcal: 2.90 ± 1.27 vs 1.0kcal: 2.39 ± 1.06 cm; P = 0.141), hospital discharge (2.47 ± 1.03 vs 2.10 ± 1.08 cm; P = 0.227) or at 3- and 6-months. Similar relationships were seen for forearm and mid-upper arm MLT and handgrip strength at all timepoints. Patients in the 1.5 kcal group took less time to complete the ‘get up and go’ test (6.66 ± 1.33 vs. 9.11 ± 2.94 secs; mean group difference (95% CI) -2.45 (-4.35, -0.55); P = 0.014), but there was no difference between groups at the 6-month follow-up. There were no differences in the distances walked in the 6-minute walk test at either 3- or 6-month timepoints.
Conclusion
Augmented calorie delivery compared to routine care did not attenuate loss of muscle size or strength during hospital admission or at 3- and 6-months following randomization. Patients receiving more calories had better physical function at 3- but not at 6-months when assessed using the get up and go test, but not the 6-minute walk test.
Effective Interventions on Health Effects of Chinese Rural Elderly under Heat Exposure
Authors: Huang Yujia , Zhang Ting , Lou Jianing , Wang Peng , Huang Lei
Published: February 2022

Background: Due to climate change, the heatwave has become a more serious public health threat with aging as an aggravating factor in recent years. There is a pressing need to detect the most effective prevention and response measures. However, the specific health effects of interventions have not been characterized on an individual scale.Method: In this study, an intervention experiment was designed to explore the health effects of heat exposure at the individual level and assess the effects of different interventions based on a comprehensive health sensitivity index (CHSI) in Xinyi, China. Forty-one subjects were recruited randomly, and divided into one control group and three intervention groups. Interventions included education (Educate by lecturing, offering relative materials, and communication), subsidy support (offer subsidy to offset the cost of running air conditioning), and cooling-spray (install a piece of cooling-spray equipment in the yard).Results: Results showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and deep sleep duration (DSD) were significantly affected by short-term heat exposure, and the effects could be alleviated by three types of interventions. The estimated CHSI indicated that the effective days of the education group were longer than other groups, while the lower CHSI of the subsidy group showed lower sensitivity than the control group.Conclusions: Education and subsidy support can help reduce the effect of heat exposure efficiently. These findings provide feasible implementation strategies to optimize Heat-health action plans and evaluate the intervention performance.
Clinical Characteristics And Associated Factors Of Colonic Polyps In Acromegaly
Authors: Peng Guiliang , Li Xing , Zhou Yuanyuan , Bai Jianying , Hong Pian , Li Weixing , Zhang Yuling , Zhang Lei , Liao Qian , Liao Mingyu , Zhou Ling , Sun Zheng , Shen Rufei , Zheng Hongting , Long Min
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the clinical characteristics and the associated factors of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical characteristics and colonoscopy findings of 86 acromegalic patients who received treatment between August 2015 and July 2020 at Xinqiao Hospital. We analyzed colonoscopy findings and correlation with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) volume and hormonal/metabolic levels.Results: Our analysis revealed that the prevalence of colonic polyps in acromegalic patients was 40.7% and increased significantly with advanced age, especially ≥50 years. Multiple polyps (62.8%) and colonic polyps in the left colon (54.2%) were detected more frequently. Compared to acromegalic patients without polyps, patients with polyps displayed higher IGF-1×ULN levels (P=0.03). IGF-1 levels and GHPA volumes in patients with polyps showed increasing trends, although there were no significant differences. Meanwhile, patients with polyps in the right colon showed higher GH levels and GH nadir (GHnadir) levels in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than those with polyps in the whole colon (P=0.023 and P=0.037, respectively). GH levels were higher in patients with polyps diameter ≤5mm than those with polyps diameter >5mm (P=0.031). In addition, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited GHPA volumes (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20; P = 0.039) and IGF-1×ULN Q2 levels (OR: 6.51, 95% CI: 1.20–44.60; P=0.038) were independent factors for predicting the risk of colonic polyp occurrence in acromegalic patients. A nomogram was created to evaluate the risk of colonic polyps in acromegalic patients.Conclusion: The acromegalic patients are a high prevalence population of colonic polyps. Colonic polyps in acromegaly were multiple and frequently detected in the sigmoid colon and rectum. GHPA volumes and IGF-1×ULN levels may be predictors of colonic polyp occurrence.
Haploid Helps Phaeocystis Globosa Distribute to Deeper Dim Water, as Evidenced by Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Responses to Different Irradiances
Authors: Zhuang Junlian , Lu Jiachang , Cao Kun-Fang , Li Jie
Published: February 2022

Phaeocystis globosa has a haplo-diplontic alternative life cycle and is an important causative species of harmful algal blooms. We hypothesize that the haploid cells of Phaeocystis globosa could better adapt to deep dim water than its diploid cells. Haploid and diploid solitary cells of P. globosa were cultured with eutrophic medium (f/2) under moderately low (15 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1), extremely low (5 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1) and normal (60 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1) irradiance conditions. The results showed that irradiances used in this study did not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in either haploid or diploid cells. Both haploid and diploid solitary cells grew faster at higher irradiance during the exponential growth phase. However, the haploid abundances under moderately and extremely low irradiances were higher than that under normal irradiance after the exponential growth phase, but diploid cells formed more colonies at higher irradiances. An increase in the photosynthetic pigments (PSC) ratio combined with a reduction in photoprotective pigments (PPC) ratio were found in both ploidies with decreasing irradiance, but the ratios of PSC and PPC and xanthophyll cycle pigments were significantly higher in haploid cells than in diploid cells. For haploids, the highest potential photochemistry efficiency of photosystems П was found under extremely low irradiance, but for diploids, it was observed under moderately low irradiance. The results suggest that both haploid and diploid solitary cells of P. globosa in eutrophic water can survive under low-light conditions, but haploid cells have an advantage in extremely low irradiance.
Deep ocean drivers better explain sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus than beaked whale habitat preferences in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Virgili Auriane , Teillard Valentin , Dorémus Ghislain , Dunn Tim E. , Laran Sophie , Lewis Mark , Louzao Maite , Martínez-Cedeira José , Pettex Emeline , Ruiz Leire , Saavedra Camilo , Santos M.Begoña , Canneyt Olivier , Bonales José Antonio Vázquez , Ridoux Vincent
Published: February 2022

Species Distribution Models are commonly used with surface dynamic environmental variables as proxies for prey distribution to characterise marine top predator habitats. For oceanic species that spend lot of time at depth, surface variables might not be relevant to predict deep-dwelling prey distributions. We hypothesised that descriptors of deep-water layers would better predict the deep-diving cetacean distributions than surface variables. We combined static variables and dynamic variables integrated over different depth classes of the water column into Generalised Additive Models to predict the distribution of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus and beaked whales Ziphiidae in the Bay of Biscay, eastern North Atlantic. We identified which variables best predicted their distribution. Although the highest densities of both taxa were predicted near the continental slope and canyons, the most important variables for beaked whales appeared to be static, surface and subsurface dynamic variables while for sperm whales, only surface and deep-water variables were selected. This could suggest differences in foraging strategies and in the prey targeted between the two cetacean taxa. A more systematic use of variables describing the deep-water layers would provide a better understanding of the oceanic species distribution and better assist in the planning of human activities in these habitats.
Primary Hepatic Synovial Sarcoma with Synchronous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Vu Xuan Vinh , Nguyen Thanh Khiem , Nguyen Ham Hoi , Nguyen Ngoc Hung , Luong Tuan Hiep , Nguyen Cong Nguyen , Tran Van Chuong
Published: February 2022

Background: Primary hepatic synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare disease with a poor prognosis. The symptoms are nonspecific, and it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Case presentation: A 63-year-old male patient was admitted with asymptomatic but elevated Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) serum level in routine medical examination with a medical history of Hepatitis B with Tenofovir 300 mg per day. No sign of jaundice was observed. Her abdomen was flat and soft without tenderness or palpable mass. Dynamic abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hypervascular 15 x 26 mm mass within hepatic subsegment V. There was no distant spread location. Colonoscopy revealed 3-cm sessile polyp in Sigmoid colon with pathological result was adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed to accurate diagnosis. The tumor cells were positive for CD99, EMA and a Ki67 value of 40% and were negative for Hepar-1, CD34, CD117, CK7, STAT6, DOG1, SMA and S100. The final diagnosis for this patient was a Malignant Sigmoid-colon polyp with a Primary hepatic synovial sarcoma. Laparoscopic Sigmoid-colon and rectal resection with injecting autologous blood to mark the tumor before surgery was performed for malignant polypectomy lesion and Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) was performed four days before surgery. With no postoperative complications as well as acute hepatic failure, the patient was discharged on the POD8 uneventfully.Conclusion: A primary hepatic synovial sarcoma is especially rare, with the present case being the fifth accounted in the English literature. Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a genetically soft tissue sarcoma with uncertain differentiation and originated from primitive mesenchymal cells. We here present a report of this case with had primary hepatic synovial sarcoma synchronously with a colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Biochemical Evidence of PM2.5 Critical Components in the Induction of Myocardial Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Xing Qisong , Wu Meiqiong , Xue Zhen , Nan Nan , Yan Zhipeng , Li Shuyue , Qin Guohua , Sang Nan
Published: February 2022

Background:PM2.5 components are tightly linked to the initiation of a multitude of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is unclear that whether critical components of PM2.5 can induce myocardial fibrosis.Methods:We exposed female C57BL/6 mice to PM2.5 (3 mg/kg b.w.) from four different cities (Taiyuan, Beijing, Hangzhou, and Guangzhou) by oropharyngeal aspiration every other day. Thevarying degreesofmyocardial fibrosismarkers (Col1a1, Col3a1)and thepossible relevantindicators, including(E/E¢),NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), andtransforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)were detected by echocardiographyand / orqPCR and/ or Western blotinvivo.Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, and most of thepolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)were positive associated withdiastolic cardiac function andmyocardialfibrosisbyusingPearson correlation. BEAS-2b cells were treated with one or more of five candidate components with or without Guangzhou PM2.5, and the conditioned medium was used to culture AC16 cells. MTT assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the treatments.ROS generation was detected by photocatalysis using 2¢,7¢-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA). The expression of Col1a1, TGFβ1 were detected by qPCRinvitro.Results:The effects of PM2.5 from Taiyuan are the most serious, while Guangzhou group caused minor effects. Zn + Pb + Mn + BaPwith PM2.5 from Guangzhou exposure significantly increased ROS production of BEAS-2b cells, and induced a dramatic increase of myocardial fiber-related gene expression (Col1a1 and TGF-β) in AC16 cells. Conclusion：It indicated that the different mass concentrations of Zn, Pb, Mn, and ΣPAHs in PM2.5mightbe the critical factor thatmodulated myocardial fibrosis induction by targeted. Our study provided anovel avenue for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 components-induced myocardial fibrosis.
Metformin Combined with Alendronate Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Attenuating RANKL-Induced Bone Resorption and Protecting Cartilage Against Degradation
Authors: Guo Yanjing , Yang Ruijia , Zong Sujing , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Jiyu , Chen Chongwei , Wang Chunfang , Wang Shaowei
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin combined with alendronate on subchondral bone and cartilage degeneration in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model.MethodThe effect of metformin on OA was assessed by H&E, safranin O/fast green, immunohistochemical and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria were used to grade the degeneration of articular cartilage. ATDC5 cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β to establish an in vitro model of OA. Bone marrow macrophages were isolated. Cell proliferation was examined using CCK-8 assays. Cartilage extracellular matrix degradation was analyzed using Alcian Blue staining and high-density culture. Osteoclastogenesis was analyzed using TRAP staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential of ATDC5 cells and osteoclasts was determined by JC-1 fluorescent staining. Immunostaining, RT–PCR, and western blot analyses were carried out to examine protein and RNA expression levels.ResultThere were lower OARSI scores and fewer TRAP-positive cells in DMM mice after treatment with metformin combined with alendronate. In cartilage, metformin inhibited the expression of MMP3 and MMP13 in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes and increased the expression of Sox9 and aggrecan. In parallel, metformin also inhibited cartilage matrix degradation, as shown by Alcian blue staining and SO/FG staining in ATDC5 cells and cartilage tissues. Moreover, metformin and alendronate downregulated the levels of specific genes and proteins (NFATc1, c-Fos, DC-STAMP, TNFRSF11, CTSK), thereby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, metformin increased the expression of phospho-AMPK alpha1, attenuated the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.ConclusionMetformin combined with alendronate may be a useful candidate for attenuating early-stage OA. This would be an ideal drug/drug combination for treating osteoarthritis in the presence of osteoporosis combined with T2D.
Intratumoral LAG-3 + cells infiltration determines poor prognosis in patients with castration-naïve prostate cancer
Authors: Dai Bo , Lin Nan , Li Jun-hong , Yang Yun-jie , Zhang Jun-Yu , Zhang Xuan-zhi , Liu Zheng
Published: February 2022

Background: As a transmembrane immune checkpoint protein, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is expressed on activated T cells and natural killer cells, could negatively regulate CD8 + T cells activation and reshaped the phenotype of CD4 + T cells to trigger an immunosuppressive function. Previous studies had demonstrated the prognostic value of LAG-3 in different cancers. However, its value in evaluating prognosis and predicting ADT resistance in patients with prostate cancer is still unclear. Method and Materials: The mRNA sequencing data of 498 and 140 prostate cancer specimens were respectively from TCGA and MSKCC. 175 patients with castration-naïve prostate cancer between June 2012 and December 2014 from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center at first visit were retrospective analyzed to evaluate the prognostic value of LAG-3 + cells through immunohistochemistry. All patients were treated with androgen deprivation therapy after initial diagnosis. Fresh tumor tissue samples from 18 patients with prostate cancer were examined to discover the phenotype of the immune cells by flow cytometry. Results: High infiltration of intratumoral LAG-3 + cells predicted poor castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS, P = 0.0006) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.0001) in castration-naïve prostate cancer. Multivariate Cox regression model indicated that high infiltration of intratumoral LAG-3 + cells was an independent risk factor for shorter CRPC-FS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.30-2.77; P = 0.001) as well as shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.82; 95%confidence interval [CI],1.65-4.80; P < 0.001). Intratumoral LAG-3 + cell abundance correlated with exhausted CD8 + T-cells in castration-naïve prostate cancer, marking dampened CD8 + T-cell antitumor immunity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that intratumoral LAG-3 + cell abundance in patients with castration-naïve prostate cancer was associated with earlier resistance to ADT and shorter overall survival. Intratumoral LAG-3 + cell abundance impairs CD8 + T-cell antitumor immunity in patients with castration-naïve prostate cancer.
On the Origins of Conductive-Pulse Sensing Inside a Nanopore
Authors: Lastra Lauren , Nguyen Michelle , Farajpour Nasim , Freedman Kevin
Published: February 2022

Nanopore sensing is nearly synonymous with resistive pulse sensing due to the characteristic reduction of ionic flux during molecular occupancy of a pore, particularly at high salt concentrations. However, conductive pulses are widely reported at low salt conditions wherein electroosmotic flow can be quite significant. Aside from transporting molecules like DNA, we investigated whether electroosmotic flow has other potential impacts on sensing attributes such current enhancements due to the analyte molecule. The overwhelming majority of literature reports counterions as the dominant mechanism of conductive events (a molecule-centric theory for conductive events). Conductive events are not well understood due to the complex interplay between (charged) nanopore walls, DNA grooves, ion mobility, and counterion clouds. Yet, the prevailing consensus of counterions being introduced into the pore by the molecule does not fit well with a growing number of experiments including the fact that proteins can generate conductive events despite having a heterogeneous surface charge. Herein, we demonstrate theory and experiments underpinning the translocation mechanism (i.e., electroosmosis or electrophoresis), pulse direction (i.e., conductive or resistive) and shape (e.g., monophasic or biphasic) through fine control of chemical, physical, and electronic parameters. Results from these studies predict strong electroosmosis plays a role in driving DNA events and generating conductive events due to polarization effects (i.e. a pore-centric theory). We believe these findings will stimulate a useful discussion on the nature of conductive events and their impact on molecular sensing in nanoscale pores.
Six-Week Actual Use Study to Evaluate the Impact of Oral Tobacco-Derived Nicotine Pouches on Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Product Use Behaviors
Authors: McCaffrey Stacey , Lewis Jennifer , Becker Elizabeth , Vansickel Andrea , Larson Elsa , Sarkar Mohamadi
Published: February 2022

Background: Oral tobacco-derived nicotine (OTDN) products are a rapidly emerging, innovative category of noncombustible tobacco products. These products are tobacco-leaf free and do not contain or generate many of the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) found in combustible cigarettes or smokeless tobacco (ST) products. OTDN products may therefore offer adult tobacco consumers a potentially reduced harm alternative. However, little is known about OTDN product use patterns or their ability to substitute for more harmful tobacco products.Methods: We conducted an open-label, 2-phase, actual use study designed to characterize OTDN pouch product (on!® nicotine pouches - NP) use patterns, including impact on other tobacco use behaviors among adult tobacco consumers interested in using NP. Adult current cigarette smokers (AS) and/or adult ST users (ASTU) (n = 1,147 complete) who were not planning to quit were offered free choice of a portfolio of NP (seven flavors at five nicotine levels) to use at-home, ad-libitum, for 6-weeks following an initial 5-day trial. Participants responded to daily electronic surveys that captured the amount, frequency, and topography (e.g., time in mouth, placement in mouth) of NP and other tobacco product use. Results: The majority (99 to 100%) of study participants used NP throughout the 6-week period. Participants used ~5-6 pouches/day of a variety of flavors and nicotine levels. At the end of 6 weeks, a modest proportion of AS (27%) and a substantial proportion of ASTU (71%) reported no use of cigarettes or ST respectively, while reporting continued use of NPs. Additionally, 39% of AS and 14% of ASTU reduced daily consumption of cigarettes or ST products, respectively by 50-99%. Conclusions: Participants found NPs acceptable with a sizeable proportion completely switching away from or substantially reducing (50-99%) their cigarette or ST consumption by week 6. Availability of a variety of flavors and nicotine levels appeared to facilitate the conversion to NP. These data suggest that, under the conditions of the study, NP can be a potential substitute for cigarettes or ST products and may offer harm reduction potential for adult smokers and smokeless tobacco users not interested in quitting.Trial Registration: Note: This study is an observational study with tobacco products currently available in the marketplace for adult tobacco consumers. Since there is no intervention per se and we did not collect any biosamples this is not a “clinical study” and there is no appropriate registry for such behavioral observational studies, we do not believe that this requirement is applicable.
Association of Early-Onset Constipation and Diarrhea with Patient Outcomes in Critically Ill Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Aikawa Gen , Ouchi Akira , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hoshino Tetsuya , Enomoto Yuki , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: February 2022

Background
Constipation and diarrhea are closely related, but few studies have examined them simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to describe patient defecation status after ICU admission and determine the association of constipation and diarrhea in the early stage of ICU admission with outcomes for critically ill ventilated patients.
Methods
Patients ventilated for ≥ 48 hours in an ICU were retrospectively investigated and their defecation status was assessed during the first week after admission. The patients were divided into three groups: normal defecation, constipation, and diarrhea, and multiple comparison tests were performed. Additionally, multivariable analysis was performed for mortality and length of stay.
Results
Of the 85 critically ill ventilated patients, 47 (55%) experienced constipation, and 12 (14%) experienced diarrhea during the first week of ICU admission. Patients with normal defecation and diarrhea increased from the fourth and fifth day of ICU admission. Diarrhea was significantly associated with the length of ICU stay (B = 7.534, 95% confidence interval: 0.116–14.951).
Conclusions
Early-onset constipation and diarrhea were common in critically ill ventilated patients, and early-onset diarrhea was associated with the length of ICU stay. Thus, prevention of constipation and diarrhea before the fifth day of ICU admission is essential.
Choosing special methods of selective disintegration and schemes for complex refractory ore
Authors:   JSC Uralmekhanobr, Gazaleeva Galina I. , Bulatov Konstantin ,   JSC Uralmekhanobr
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article highlights a new procedure of choosing special methods of disintegration and schemes for complex refractory ore and develops an integrated approach and criteria to comparing different types of crushers and screens, namely, reduction ratio, grinding degree, slime formation degree, and a new selectivity criterion. Research aims to study a new method and derive an equation to determine the crushing in the layer force and a new selectivity criterion. Research methods. The new methods were tested by comparing Otboynoye deposit tantalum ore, Vishnevogorsky deposit niobium ore, and Zashihinsky deposit tantalum-niobium ore crushing in cone inertial and centrifugal impact crushers and a roller press. The process of crushing in machines was studied in the laboratory and semi-industrial conditions. Different operation modes of crushers and screens were also checked. Object of research is tantalum and niobium ore of different deposits. Research results. The crushing selectivity criterion and reduction ratio comparison demonstrated that centrifugal impact crusher and roller press indexes are lower than the cone inertial crusher (KID) indexes. The reduction ratio for different crushing machines is 10.1 for the centrifugal impact crusher, 10.8 for the roller press, and 14.2 for the cone inertial crusher. The selectivity criterion for the crushing machines is 0.632 units for the centrifugal impact crusher, 0.730 units for the roller press, and 0.848 units for the KID. The KID-300А crusher performed the best for Otboynoye deposit tantalum ore and Vishnevogorsky deposit niobium ore. The KID-300А crusher also has the best slime formation degree criterion. The new method has been tested and approved. Summary. The paper analyses different methods and criteria of selective crushing. A new crushing selectivity criterion was proposed based on optical and electron microscopy data. It describes the ratio of liberation in the crushed product and feed.
Justifying the parameters of ore fields underground mining with goaf backfilling
Authors:   Ukrainian Research and Design Institute for Industrial Technology, Liashenko Vasilii , Khomenko Oleg ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Golik Vladimir ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Mitsik Mikhail ,   Institute of Service and Business (branch) of Don State Technical University
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Manmade deposits have a major impact on environmental ecosystems in mining. Therefore, the priority direction of comprehensive research is the creation of technologies and technical means based on minimizing production waste. Research objective is to justify the parameters of ore fields underground mining with goaf backfilling using mathematical modeling and multi-criteria minimization of mining waste based on the results obtained by the regression analysis and planning of an experiment, ensuring economic efficiency and environmental safety growth, as well as subsoil rational use and protection. Methods of research. The parameters of technogenic deposit formation when extracting ore by traditional and alternative technologies were determined. The earth’s surface and underground working stress-strain state parameters were calculated. The technologies of converting inactive reserves of technogenic deposits into active ones by influencing them by physicochemical processes were studied. Parameters and regression dependences were calculated using the Maple 9.5 mathematical software package. The presented graphs were built in Maple 9.5 or Microsoft Excel using standard and new methods. Results. It is shown that the preservation of the rock mass implies the possibility of controlling the main stresses by limiting their deformations by filling technogenic voids with hardening mixtures of different composition and strength from 1.2 to 6.0 MPa. The structural weakening coefficient increases towards the periphery to 0.15, which means a decrease in strength in comparison with the undisturbed massif from 1.5 to 6.0 times. Conclusions. The regression dependences of profit on the coefficients of losses and dilution, indicators of soil excavation, total processing costs, as well as damage (economic consequences) from dilution of ore in the vicinity of the optimum point are obtained. The profit dependence is a convex monotonically decreasing function, where the profit value is the smaller, the greater the ore dilution coefficient. With an increase in the ore dilution coefficient to 0.6, the profit value will fall to 50.5 rubles/t, i.e. more than 20%. The main directions of modernization of technologies for underground mining of mineral deposits are recommended, taking into account their combination within a single mine field.
Avaliação de Gestores, Programas e Políticas Públicas: uma Análise Experimental a partir da Percepção dos Cidadãos Brasileiros
Authors: Macedo João Marcelo Alves , Silva Anderson Roberto Pires e , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da
Published: February 2022

A busca por democracia e desenvolvimento social impulsiona a necessidade e exigência de transparência do Estado em relação à aplicação dos recursos públicos, assim como a participação da sociedade na gestão pública. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a influência do comportamento dos cidadãos na avaliação dos gestores públicos, tendo como questão de pesquisa: de que forma os cidadãos utilizam a contabilidade para avaliar gestores públicos? Utilizou-se da estratégia experimental com o uso de dois grupos, interesse e controle, nos quais se buscou conduzir o respondente por um cenário e, assim, apreender dele o maior número de evidências sobre fatores que proporcionariam o uso de informações contábeis e os meios por ele utilizados para avaliar os gestores públicos, em especial aqueles que atuam na esfera municipal. Analisaram-se tais respostas com estatística descritiva, distribuição de frequência e teste de média (t de Student). Disponibilizou-se o questionário por meio eletrônico na plataforma Google Forms®. Chegou-se a 460 questionários divididos em dois grupos, interesse e controle, de forma aleatória. As principais conclusões demonstram que os cidadãos não avaliam os gestores mediante a contabilidade por desconhecimento de como analisar os demonstrativos produzidos, implicando, por esta razão e neste particular, em um comportamento alienado. Além disso, verifica-se a dificuldade adicional pela falta de transparência dos relatórios, além do não conhecimento das peças que compõem a prestação de contas.
Dietary Needs, Approaches and Recommendations to Meet the Demands of Future Manned Space Flights
Authors:   Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Rd, Wilberforce OH, USA, Carter Kathy , Campbell John ,   University of Louisville, 2100 S Floyd St, Louisville KY, USA, Shoemaker Peyton ,   University of Louisville, 2100 S Floyd St, Louisville KY, USA, Dichiara Elisabeth ,   University of Louisville, 2100 S Floyd St, Louisville KY, USA, Patel Neel ,   University of Louisville, 2100 S Floyd St, Louisville KY, USA, Caruso John ,   University of Louisville, 2100 S Floyd St, Louisville KY, USA
Published: February 2022

Space flight imposes a myriad of adverse effects upon the human body. Improved in-flight nutritional strategies help mitigate those adverse effects. This review examines how space flight changes human physiology, and how improved in-flight nutritional strategies may address the unique dietary needs created by microgravity exposure. Dietary approaches and recommendations to address those needs are discussed. This review also describes food sustainability methods for long-term manned space flight, how precision nutrition can aid in-flight dietary prescriptions, and how wearable technologies can help monitor dietary status and health during long-term manned space flight. This review describes the magnitude of adverse changes incurred from space flight, and the current knowledge base on how improved in-flight nutritional strategies may abate the adverse changes. Wearable technologies, used in conjunction with precision nutrition prescriptions, may best serve the demands of monitoring human health and dietary status on future manned space flights.
The Impact of Access to Finance on Household Welfare: Revisiting the Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Kiiza (PhD) Barnabas , Omiat (PhD) George
Published: February 2022

Our paper highlights the role played by semiformal financial institutions in the livelihoods of Ugandan households that are not served by the commercial banks and microfinance institutions. Data from Living Standards Measurement Survey 2018 Uganda are used. We employ Propensity Score Matching and complement this with the two-step IV Treatment Effects method. We compare the effect of access to services from banks, Village Savings and Loans Associations, Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, and Savings and Credit Cooperatives on household welfare. We find a positive and statistically significant impact of access to both bank and semiformal financial services on household dietary diversity score; school enrollment rates; and clothing expenditure. The improvement in household welfare due to VSLAs, ROSCAs and SACCOs is comparable to that conferred by banks upon their customers. The results are robust to the method of estimation and we show that confounding factors are not a serious problem in our average treatment of the treated estimations. We also examine only those households that: (i) experienced drought; (ii) experienced drought, pests and heavy rains; (iii) were rural; (iv) had farming as main occupation; (v) were male-headed; (vi) had an education level below sample average. We find that in all cases bank, VSLA, ROSCA and SACCO member households have higher household dietary diversity score, school enrollment rates and clothing expenditure than control households. The policy implication from this study is that the improvement in welfare due to VSLAs, ROSCAs and SACCOs is relatively comparable to that obtained by commercial bank customers. Thus there is need to increase the geographic spread and depth of financial outreach of these semiformal institutions to increase the scale of financial inclusion in Uganda.
Design of All-Terrain Vehicle
Authors: Shelke Prof. Mayur
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This study aimed to deal with designing and analysis of an ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) Frame. An ATV is designed in order to run on various terrains such as soil, gravel, pebbles, etc. so due to difficult terrain our main focus was on driver safety and better ergonomics at the same time. As the load acting on the frame is directly proportional to the weight of the frame we also considered the factor of weight depletion as a key area of focus. In order to achieve proper parameters, and satisfy driver safety and reduce weight correct alternative of material was required to be concluded
Dominasi Patriarki dalam Budaya Merariq Kodeq di Lombok Timur
Authors: Suhastini Novia
Published: February 2022

Youth marriage had been the problem in all over regionals in Indonesia, without exception what had occurred in Sasak ethnic in Lombok. Merariq culture is a culture to kidnap a girl without knowing by parents in the night. Merariq kodeq is a marriage conducted by kidnapping a girl in young age. The culture of merariq is regarded as the highest contributor of youth marriage number in Lombok. Data BPPKB (Agency for Women Protection and Family Planning) stated that East Lombok had been included in red zone for youth marriage. Besides, the high number of divorce and women as the head of household is because of the ease to get married and divorce in Sasak ethnic Lombok.

This study is aimed to know the domination of patriarchy in merariq kodeq culture and the effect caused by merariq kodeq culture by using qualitative approach case study method. Data collection was conducted by in-depth interview, observation and documentation. Post-feminist theory of Luce Irigaray used as reference to discuss patriarchy domination in merariq kodeq culture. Domination occurs because of the difference of men and women in symbolic norms, in masculine and patriarchal. Patriarchal position arranged by conformation a genealogy by others.

Domination of patriarchy in merariq kodeq culture occurs in pre-marriage, household and divorce and children custody. The form of patriarchy domination in pre-marriage visible on merariq values, when a young man who protected by custom rules allowed to kidnap a girl if they get married. The form of domination in household can be seen from domestic sphere, even the girl has her function as a wife but she still have pressure and physical or psychological abuses. The form of domination in divorce is children custody visible during divorce decision, husband as superior decision maker because he has no marriage letter. Besides, post-divorce, their children would be the wife and entrusted to grandparents. The effect of merariq kodeq marriage is 1) the ease of marriage-divorce and physical abuse in household, 2) unreadiness in reproduction and wrong parenting.
Nasal Nitric Oxide May Not Differentiate Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia from Certain Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Saunders Jessica , O'Connor Michael , Machogu Evans
Published: February 2022

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is made through a
combination of clinical features supported by a panel of diagnostic
tests. Our cases highlight the similarities in the clinical presentation
of patients with the specific immunodeficiency activated
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta syndrome 1 (APDS1 or PIK3CD) and
PCD. We highlight the importance of repeating nasal nitric oxide testing
(nNO) when PCD has not been confirmed by genetic or ciliary electron
micrograph (EM) analysis in the setting of an expanded suppurative lung
disease differential that includes considerations for immunodeficiency
as well as PCD.
Fulminant Hepatitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A case report
Authors: Barary Mohammad , Sharifi-Razavi Athena , Rakhshani Nasser , Sio Terence , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Baziboroun Mana
Published: February 2022

The side effects of COVID-19 vaccination were mostly self-restricted
local reactions that quickly resolved. Nevertheless, rare autoimmune
hepatitis cases have been reported in some vaccinated individuals. This
article presents a young man who developed fulminant hepatitis a few
days after vaccination with the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19
vaccine.
VISUAL AXIOLOGY OF THE POST-KIEV URBAN MODEL
Authors: Аванесов Сергей Сергеевич
Published: February 2022

Исследуется аксиологическая трансформация ведущей градостроительной модели русского Средневековья во второй половине XII века. Показано, что строительная программа Андрея Боголюбского, призванная решить задачу архитектурного оформления идеи приоритета Владимира над Киевом, обусловила ориентацию на западные архитектурные образцы, претерпевшие тем не менее очевидную адаптацию к сложившейся русско-византийской художественной традиции. Выражая вполне определённые идеологические приоритеты князя и княжества, городская среда Владимира приобрела визуально фиксированную аксиологическую окраску. Эта новая для Руси аксиология свидетельствует о начавшейся трансформации исходной русской градостроительной модели: перенос святости постепенно теряет свой исключительный культурно-семиотический смысл, приобретая подчёркнутый политический акцент. Именно поэтому город-прототип, потеряв свой сакральный характер, утрачивает и свою прежнюю ценность, а следовательно, подлежит безжалостному уничтожению. Целенаправленная, осмысленная попытка князя Андрея отнять у Киева характер и функцию «Иерусалима», построить новый город как альтернативу старому сакральному центру демонстрирует начавшуюся деструкцию иерусалимской урбанистической матрицы и закладывает первоначальное основание под будущую теорию «третьего Рима».

The article is dedicated to the study of the axiological transformation of the leading urban planning model of the Russian Middle Ages in the second half of the 12th century. The article shows that the construction program of Andrei Bogolyubsky, which was supposed to solve the problem of architectural design of the idea of Vladimir’s priority over Kiev, led to an ori-entation towards Western architectural samples, which, nevertheless, underwent an obvious adaptation to the established Russian-Byzantine artistic tradition. Expressing quite clear ideo-logical priorities of the duke and dukedom, the urban environment of Vladimir acquired a visually fixed axiological peculiarity. This axiology, new for Russia, indicates the start of the original Russian urban planning model transformation: the transformation of sacredness is gradually losing its exclusive cultural and semiotic meaning, and acquiring a vivid political emphasis. That is why the prototype-city, having lost its sacred character, loses its former value and therefore becomes a subject to cruel destruction. The purposeful and meaningful attempt of Duke Andrei to deprive Kiev of the character and function of “Jerusalem” and to build a new city as an alternative to the old sacred center demonstrates the beginning of de-struction of the Jerusalem urban matrix and lays the initial foundation for the future theory of the “third Rome”.
Development of Audio-Visual Learning Media for Islamic Religious Education in High School
Authors: Nurhayati  , Syam Husain , Samad Sulaiman
Published: February 2022

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the description of the needs of Islamic Religious Education learning media (2) Knowing the design of the media (3) Knowing the valid and practical learning media (4) Knowing the effective learning media . The development procedure is based on 4-D development, namely "define, design, develop, and disseminate". Results of the study 1) Need of Islamic education instructional media, necessary given the scope of material is very wide and time is very limited. 2) An overview of the design of learning media through stages; a) design, b) The design of the device c) Development Instrument Design d) learning media design 3) Media Learning is valid, the media validation has average of 4.7 is excellent. The average learning aspect is 4.6 very good. The average learning aspect is 4.8 in the very good category . While the practicality by looking at the activities of students and teachers the average value of 4 categories is carried out. 4) Overview of effectiveness a) Student activities by observing. In general, student activities are in the range of tolerance limits, b) the teacher's response obtained an average value of 4.57 (89%) very good category.
A belső égésű személygépjármű motorok jövőbeni emissziós típusvizsgálati előírásai
Authors: Szabados György , Hézer Jozefin , Szűcs Herman
Published: February 2022

A jövőbeni emissziós típusvizsgálati előírások egyre nagyobb követelményeket támasztanak a személygépjármű motorokat és a személygépjárműveket gyártókkal szemben. Egyik műszaki megoldás lehet az EURO 7 előírásnak való megfelelés érdekében a motorok sztöchiometrikus tüzelőanyag-levegő-keverékkel történő üzemeltetése a motorok teljes terhelés-fordulatszám tartományán. A bemutatott elemzés hasznos, ismeretbővítő információkkal szolgálhat.