bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global mesozooplankton communities show lower connectivity in deep oceanic layers
Authors: Canals Oriol , Corell Jon , Villarino Ernesto , Chust Guillem , Martínez Eva Aylagas , Mendibil Iñaki , Michell Craig , Gonzalez-Gordillo Nacho , Irigoien Xabier , Rodriguez-Ezpeleta Naiara
Published: April 2023

Mesozooplankton is a key component of the ocean, regulating global
processes such as the carbon pump, and ensuring energy transfer from
lower to higher trophic levels. Yet, despite the importance of
understanding mesozooplankton diversity, distribution and connectivity
at global scale to predict the impact of climate change in marine
ecosystems, there is still fragmented knowledge. To fill this gap, we
applied DNA metabarcoding to mesozooplankton samples collected during
the Malaspina-2010 circumnavigation expedition across temperate and
tropical oceans from the surface to bathypelagic depths. By conducting a
hidden diversity analysis, we highlight the still scarce knowledge on
global mesozooplankton diversity and identify the Indian Ocean and the
deep sea as the most understudied areas. By analysing mesozooplankton
community spatial distribution, we confirm global biogeographical
patterns across the temperate to tropical oceans both in the vertical
and horizontal gradients. Additionally, we reveal a consistent increase
in mesozooplankton beta-diversity with depth, indicating reduced
connectivity at deeper layers, and identify a water mass type-mediated
structuring of bathypelagic communities, instead of an oceanic
basin-mediated as observed at upper layers. This suggests limited
dispersal at deep ocean layers, most likely due to weaker currents and
lower mixing of water mass types. Overall, our work supports the neutral
theory of biodiversity and thus the importance of oceanic currents and
barriers in dispersal in shaping global plankton communities, and
provides key knowledge for predicting the impact of climate change in
the deep-sea.
Screening for Congenital Thrombocytopenia Using a Targeted Sequencing Panel
Authors: Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Ogura Yumi , Uematsu Kenji , Koh Katsuyoshi , Yoshino Hiroshi , Imai Chihaya , Inuzuka Ryo , Nagasawa Masayuki , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Kunishima Shinji
Published: April 2023

A targeted sequencing technique was applied to detect cases of suspected
congenital thrombocytopenia as a case series study. Six of 18 patients
tested had positive results from the existing catalogue, while a
definitive diagnosis was not determined for the remaining 12. Two
neonates revealed defects in PTPN11, indicating Noonan syndrome.
Cytomegalovirus detection by PCR on fresh and formalin fixed tissues in colon biopsies of children with colitis
Authors: Movahedinia Sajjadeh , Gharalari Farzaneh Hosseini , Nozarian Zohreh , Alimadadi Hossein , Motamed Farzaneh , Pourebrahimi Hojat , Rahmani Parisa , Safavi Moeinadin , Vasei Mohammad
Published: April 2023

For diagnosis of CMV infection in colon biopsies, immunohistochemistry
(IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be helpful besides
pathologic examination. We performed CMV IHC and PCR on formalin–fixed
paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh tissue (FT) in clinically suspicious
children for colitis and compared the results with the patients’
clinical course. In a prospective cohort study, among 153 candidate
children for the colonoscopy due to colitis, 50 showed positive CMV PCR
on FT. PCR on FFPE tissue was positive in 17/40 (42.5 %) cases, of
which 2/40 (5%) had positive IHC. Low titer plasma CMV DNA level was
seen in 7/17 FFPE-PCR positive cases. Two patients had a high plasma CMV
DNA level, who were the two IHC-positive cases. Fecal calprotectin level
showed an association with disease histologic activity, but not with CMV
positivity on either of the methods of detection. IHC positivity was
more likely to be associated with a high plasma CMV DNA level. There was
a high rate of false positivity by CMV PCR test on fresh tissue that was
neither associated with histopathology nor with the CMV DNA plasma
level. Antiviral treatment was correlated with a poorer outcome in
patients with inflammatory bowel disease (P=0.035). Conclusion: The PCR
result of FT is correlated neither to histology nor to the serum CMV-DNA
level. High fecal calprotectin level is associated with active lesions
in histopathology. Large randomized clinical trials are recommended to
assess the efficacy of antiviral treatment in acute colitis cases that
have a high copy number of CMV in the blood or positive results on IHC.
Humoral and cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: results from the CoV‑ADAPT cohort
Authors: Schnelle Moritz , Hollstein Moritz M. , Dierks Sascha , Schön Michael P. , Bergmann Armin , Abratis Anna , Eidizadeh Abass , Kaltenbach Sarah , Schanz Julie , Groß Uwe , Leha Andreas , Zautner Andreas E. , Fischer Andreas , Erpenbeck Luise
Published: April 2023

Despite recent advances in prophylactic vaccination, SARS-CoV-2
infections continue to cause significant morbidity. A better
understanding of immune response differences between vaccinated
individuals with and without later SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection is
urgently needed. CoV-ADAPT is a prospective long-term study comparing
humoral (anti-spike-RBD-IgG, neutralization capacity, avidity) and
cellular (spike-induced T-cell interferon-γ release) immune responses in
individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 at four different time points
(three before and one after third vaccination). In this cohort study, 62
fully vaccinated individuals presented with SARS‑CoV-2 breakthrough
infections vs 151 without infection 3-7 months following third
vaccination. Breakthrough infections significantly increased
anti-spike-RBD-IgG (p<0.01), but not spike-directed T-cell
interferon-γ release (TC), antibody neutralization capacity or avidity.
Anti-spike-RBD-IgG and antibody avidity decreased with age
(p<0.01) and females showed higher anti-spike-RBD-IgG
(p<0.01), and a tendency towards higher antibody avidity
(p=0.051). The association between humoral and cellular immune responses
previously reported at various time points was lost in subjects after
breakthrough infections (p=0.807). Finally, a machine-learning approach
based on our large immunological data set (a total of 49 variables) from
different time points was unable to predict breakthrough infections
(AUC: 0.55). In conclusion, distinct differences in humoral vs cellular
immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without
breakthrough infection could be demonstrated. Breakthrough infections
predominantly drive the humoral response without boosting the cellular
component. Breakthrough infections could not be predicted based on
immunological data, which indicates a superior role of environmental
factors (e.g. virus exposure) in individualized risk assessment.
MRI-assessed locus coeruleus contrast and functional response are not associated in young and late middle-aged individuals
Authors: Berger Alexandre , Koshmanova Ekaterina , Beckers Elise , Sharifpour Roya , Paparella Ilenia , Campbell Islay , Mortazavi Nasrin , Balda Fermin , Yi Yeo-Jin , Lamalle Laurent , Dricot Laurence , Phillips Christophe , Jacobs Heidi , Talwar Puneet , Tahry Riëm El , Sherif Siya , Vandewalle Gilles
Published: April 2023

The brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) influences a broad range of brain
processes and is suspected to be involved in many neurological
disorders. The LC contrast is an accepted marker of the integrity and
can be assessed with specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
structural sequences. The small size of the LC has rendered its
functional characterization difficult. A full characterization of the LC
in healthy young and late middle-aged individuals is needed to determine
to potential roles of the LC in different medical conditions. Here, we
wanted to determine whether the activation of the LC in a mismatch
negativity task changes in aging and whether the LC functional response
was associated to the LC contrast. We used Ultra-High Field (UHF)
7-Tesla functional MRI (fMRI) during an auditory oddball task in 53
healthy volunteers, including 34 younger (age: 22.15y ± 3.27; 29 women)
and 19 late middle-aged (age: 61.05y ± 5.3; 14 women) individuals.
Whole-brain analyses confirmed brain responses in the typical regions
previously associated with mismatch negativity. When focusing on the
brainstem, we found a significant response in the rostral part of the LC
(and most extensively in the left LC). Individual LC activity was not
significantly different between young and late middle-aged individuals.
Critically, while the LC contrast was higher in older individuals, the
functional response of the LC was not associated with its contrast.
These findings show that the age-related alterations of the LC
structural integrity may not necessarily be related to changes in its
functional response.
Application of Industry 4.0 and digital twin in the field of smart healthcare
Authors: Jena Madhab Chandra , Mishra Sarat Kumar , Moharana Himanshu Sekhar
Published: April 2023

Objective (study question): There is an increasing need for
preventive health care as well as precise diagnosis and tailored
treatment of different diseases in recent years. Providing customized
treatment for each patient and maximizing accuracy and efficiency are
main goals of a good healthcare system. The digital twin technology
along with Industry 4.0 is being implemented in different industries
nowadays. in many countries. It is showing significant improvements by
maximizing efficiency, accuracy and reducing wastage in the system. It
is also being evaluated and being started in the field of healthcare and
the medical industry. This technology can offer innovative solutions for
precise diagnosis, preventive health care and personalized treatments.
Though there are challenges in data collection, data integration and
accurate simulation at this stage, it is speculated that the digital
twin will have an increasing foot fall and will be a new platform for
health management systems and the medical industry. This article
proposes a framework and configuration for using digital twin technology
along with Industry 4.0 in health care applications. data
sources/study setting (w/ hospital/institution setting anonymized),study design,data collection/extraction methods: A
case study of this technology was also conducted by applying it on a
human being and his health condition has been monitored online by using
industry 4.0 technology i.e. using IOT sensors and collecting data on
web real-time basis. principal findings: It is observed that
preventive health care is becoming easy and accurate on a real-time
basis . These data would be analyzed and conclusion can be drawn
regarding the health condition of the patient and appropriate treatment
can be given to him. Conclusion: It is obvious that in future,
the generations to come will see the digital twin for every human being.
As soon as a baby is born, its digital twin will be in cyber space and
its healthcare will be looked after with the aid of this technology till
its death. But the main challenge will be the privacy of people if it is
implemented on a large scale.
Toward Secure Door Lock System: Development IoT Smart Door Lock Device
Authors: Derbali Morched
Published: April 2023

Conventional doors have gotten little attention for a number of reasons,
including the need for a unique key for each door, the requirement of
specialized equipment to duplicate keys, the difficulty to determine who
opened the door, and the absence of alternatives to utilizing the
traditional key. Apart from that, standard locks are subject to lock
picking tools, tools that reach under/over the door frame to reach the
door handle, and bump keys, which utilize force to set the lock pins and
open the door. This paper develops a secure Internet of Things Smart
Door Lock System (IoT-SDL) that can unlock door without keys or other
physical tools. Installing and initializing the IoT-SDL system requires
inserting the home’s WIFI SSID and password into the Raspberry Pi’s WIFI
access point and providing internet connectivity. After installation,
users may be configured and enabled IoT-SDL capabilities using a web
interface. The IoT-SDL system includes a touchscreen keypad and an RFID
scanner that are used to unlock the door if the user chooses to activate
the two-factor authentication function. The results showed the ability
of the IoT-SDL system to remember who pushed the door unlock button, so
it is possible to exactly know who has been in the space. Additionally,
the user had the ability to generate temporary PIN codes that are valid
for a predetermined amount of time and are intended for reliable guests
to enter on the touchscreen keypad of the IoT-SDL in order to open the
door. The IoT-SDL system includes a number of additional options that
can be used to personalize the way the door functions due to the
essential property that the door should be used to serve its users
rather than the other way around. The user had the ability to remotely
open the door with the push of a button after they have used the
interfaces that are provided to them. The access was possible to any and
all of the data that the IoT-SDL has collected by making use of the
different application program interfaces.
Preferential Summer Melt of Deeper Ridge Keels in the Central Arctic Ocean from Multibeam Sonar Data
Authors: Salganik Evgenii , Lange Benjamin Allen , Katlein Christian , Matero Ilkka S. O. , Anhaus Philipp , Muilwijk Morven , Høyland Knut Vilhelm , Granskog Mats Anders
Published: April 2023

Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the total Arctic sea-ice
volume (up to 40%); nevertheless, they are the least studied part of
the Arctic ice pack. Here we investigate sea-ice melt rates using rare
underwater multibeam data that cover a period of one month during the
advanced melt stage in the Arctic summer. We show that the degree of
bottom melt increases with ice draft for first-year and second-year
level ice, and a first-year ice ridge keel, with an average of 0.45 m,
0.55 m, and 0.95 m of total snow and ice melt in the observation period,
respectively. While bottom melt rates of ridge keels are 3-4 times
higher than first-year level ice, surface melt rates are almost
identical. Our estimate attributes 57% of the ridge keel melt
variability to keel draft (36%), slope (32%), and width (27%).
Simulating the role of biogeochemical hotspots in driving nitrogen export from dryland watersheds
Authors: Ren Jianning , Hanan Erin , Greene Aral C , Tague Christina , Krichels Alexander , Burk William , Schimel Joshua , Homyak Peter M
Published: April 2023

Climate change and nitrogen (N) pollution are altering biogeochemical
and ecohydrological processes in dryland watersheds, increasing N
export, and threatening water quality. While simulation models are
useful for projecting how N export will change in the future, most
models ignore biogeochemical “hotspots” that develop in drylands as
moist microsites become hydrologically disconnected from plant roots
when soils dry out. These hotspots enable N to accumulate over dry
periods and rapidly flush to streams when soils wet up. To better
project future N export, we developed a framework for representing
hotspots using the ecohydrological model RHESSys. We then conducted a
series of virtual experiments to understand how uncertainties in model
structure and parameters influence N export. Modeled export was
sensitive to the abundance of hotspots in a watershed, increasing
linearly and then reaching an asymptote with increasing hotspot
abundance. Peak streamflow N was also sensitive to a soil moisture
threshold at which subsurface flow from hotspots reestablished, allowing
N to be transferred to streams; it increased and then decreased with an
increasing threshold value. Finally, N export was generally higher when
water diffused out of hotspots slowly. In a case study, we found that
when hotspots were modeled explicitly, peak streamflow nitrate export
increased by 29%, enabling us to better capture the timing and
magnitude of N losses observed in the field. This modeling framework can
improve projections of N export in watersheds where hotspots play an
increasingly important role in water quality.
Dry Periods Amplify the Amazon and Congo Forests' Rainfall Self-Reliance
Authors: Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Ent Ruud J. van der , Staal Arie , Keys Patrick , Zemp Delphine Clara , Fetzer Ingo , Taniguchi Makoto , Gordon Line
Published: April 2023

A substantial amount of the tropical forests of South America and Africa
is generated through moisture recycling (i.e., forest rainfall
self-reliance). Thus, deforestation that reduces evaporation and dampens
the water cycle can further increase the risk of water-stress-induced
forest loss in downwind areas, particularly during water scarce periods.
However, few studies have investigated dry period forest rainfall
self-reliance over longer records and consistently compared the
rainforest moisture recycling in both continents. Here, we analyze
dry-season anomalies of moisture recycling for mean-years and dry-years,
in the South American (Amazon) and African (Congo) rainforests over the
years 1980-2013. We find that, in the dry seasons, the reliance of
forest rainfall on their own moisture supply (ρfor) increases by 7%
(from a mean annual value of 26% to 28%) in the Amazon and up to 30%
(from 28% to 36%) in the Congo. Dry years further amplify dry season
ρfor in both regions by 4-5%. In both the Amazon and Congo, dry season
amplification of ρfor is strongest in regions with a high mean annual
ρfor. In the Amazon, forest rainfall self-reliance has declined over
time. At the country scale, dry season ρfor can differ drastically from
mean annual ρfor. In for example Bolivia and Gabon, mean annual ρfor is
~30% while dry season ρfor is ~50%.
The dry period amplification of forest rainfall self-reliance further
highlights the role of forests for sustaining their own resilience, and
for maintaining downwind rainfall at both regional and national scales.
Tropical Pacific Ocean Heat Budget and the Role of Shallow and Deep Circulation
Authors: Navarro René , Farneti Riccardo
Published: April 2023

The tropical Pacific ocean plays an important role in setting the global
ocean heat budget, its uptake and redistribution. We examined the role
of the shallow and deep circulations in the tropical Pacific in
unperturbed and transient climate change conditions in a global ocean
model. We found that, in the Control state, the shallow circulation is
by far the largest contributor to the overall balance of the column,
where the balance is set as the residual between advective cooling and
warming by vertical diffusive mixing. Subject to surface flux
perturbations, changes in the tropical Pacific ocean heat budget can be
explained by shallow wind-driven overturning circulation changes. For
wind stress anomalies, the shallow ocean heat budget imbalance is
directly related to overturning circulation changes, whereas under heat
flux perturbations warming of the shallow ocean is related to
strengthened mid-latitude subduction and weakened dense water production
at higher latitudes.
Plastic waste management: case study of tower market, Hyderabad
Authors: Shaikh Fahad Ahmed , Chandio Imtiaz Ahmed , Mahmood Zainab , Nayab Atrooba , Ahmed Faraz
Published: April 2023

Plastic consumption is continuously increasing due to urbanization and growing global demand. The consumption of plastic deteriorates the quality of the urban environment of most cities, especially in developing countries. To overcome this issue to some extent, this study was conducted to prevent the usage of plastic products to provide a healthy environment. The data was collected by using the closed-ended questionnaire survey and by reviewing the literature. The collected data were assessed and analyzed on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The survey observed that there is no proper plastic waste disposal system in the study area. People who reside in the area and those who visit the market face an unhygienic environment. The results highlighted that 50% to 60% of residents use plastic items which are dumped at open spaces without proper management after their consumption. This study suggests short-term, mid-term and long-term mitigation measures to reduce the production by using bio-based plastic and consumption by reducing the unnecessary packaging of plastic waste.
Real time vision-based implementation of plant disease identification system on FPGA
Authors: Ahmed Junaid , Zaidi Syed Azhar Ali , Aziz Sumair , Rashid Aamir , Haider Shafiq
Published: April 2023

Plant diseases have turned into a dilemma as it can cause significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural products. To overcome that loss, we implemented a computer vision based real time system that can identify the type of plant diseases. Computer vision-based applications are computationally intensive and time consuming, so FPGA-based implementation is proposed to have a real time identification of plant diseases. In this paper an image processing algorithm is proposed for identifying two types of disease in Potato leaves. The proposed algorithm works well on images taken under different luminance conditions. The hardware/software-based implementation of the proposed algorithm is done on Xilinx ZYNQ SoC FPGA. Results show that our proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of up to 90%, whereas the hardware implementation takes 0.095 seconds achieving a performance gain of 76.8 times as compared to the software implementation.
Assessment for the installation of a solar PV system in Pakistan for a sustainable environmental and economic development
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Rehan Muhammad , Ahn Seung Kyu , Kim Kyungsoo , Gwak Jihye , Kihwan Kim , Ahn Sejin , Eo Young-Joo
Published: April 2023

In this study, a photovoltaic system with RETScreen software is simulated to see its economic and environmental feasibility in the one of the remote locations in Pakistan. Our proposed photovoltaics power system is installed south Asia: particularly, Pakistan which receives a high amount of solar irradiance throughout the year. The proposed location has an electricity demand of 28.70 MWh/month, and our simulated PV system generates 31 MWh/month which is more than the amount of required electricity demand. The 25 years long life project will have energy payback time of 7.4 years and the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction will be 3,942 tCO2 for the whole project life.  These results summarize that installation of this solar power system is not only economically feasible, but also reduces the emission of greenhouse gases in that selected location.
A machine learning approach for Urdu text sentiment analysis
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Rehman Saif Ur
Published: April 2023

Product evaluations, ratings, and other sorts of online expressions have risen in popularity as a result of the emergence of social networking sites and blogs. Sentiment analysis has emerged as a new area of study for computational linguists as a result of this rapidly expanding data set. From around a decade ago, this has been a topic of discussion for English speakers. However, the scientific community completely ignores other important languages, such as Urdu. Morphologically, Urdu is one of the most complex languages in the world. For this reason, a variety of unique characteristics, such as the language's unusual morphology and unrestricted word order, make the Urdu language processing a difficult challenge to solve. This research provides a new framework for the categorization of Urdu language sentiments. The main contributions of the research are to show how important this multidimensional research problem is as well as its technical parts, such as the parsing algorithm, corpus, lexicon, etc. A new approach for Urdu text sentiment analysis including data gathering, pre-processing, feature extraction, feature vector formation, and finally, sentiment classification has been designed to deal with Urdu language sentiments. The result and discussion section provides a comprehensive comparison of the proposed work with the standard baseline method in terms of precision, recall, f-measure, and accuracy of three different types of datasets. In the overall comparison of the models, the proposed work shows an encouraging achievement in terms of accuracy and other metrics. Last but not least, this section also provides the featured trend and possible direction of the current work.
Behavior of electrical resistivity against different soil properties
Authors: Sahito Wasayo Sanam , W Bazuhair Rabeea
Published: April 2023

Any construction must be designed and built after the subsurface soil has been determined. The subsurface qualities of the soil are rendered by expensive, time-consuming, and risky operations, which on the other hand, raise the project's capital expenditure while also getting the engineering properties of distinct soil materials. Standard sampling techniques for boreholes are used for the assessment of the engineering properties of soil. But it is pretty costly, intrusive, and takes too much time. Therefore, a different method of determining the subsurface soil parameters is required. An alternate strategy for borehole sampling is to use geo-electrical techniques, such as electrical resistivity (ER). This research aims to ascertain the relationship between the electrical resistivity of various soils and their engineering characteristics. Without using the borehole sample method, appropriate correlations will aid in determining the subsurface soil parameters. Good correlations are obtained for the relationship of electrical resistivity against friction angle, cohesion and moisture content with an R2 value of 0.79, 0.41 and 0.66, respectively. The correlation of resistivity with unit weight showed a weak relationship due to typical soil behavior.
A novel scheme to improve lifetime and real-time support for IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless personal area networks
Authors: Bhatti Mairaj Nabi , Kumar Pardeep , Parveen Rahila , Sherbaz Marina , Sheikh Umair
Published: April 2023

IEEE 802.15.4 defines the working of physical and media access layers of a Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN). A LR-WPAN is a low cost, low power, and low data-rate network that offers reasonable lifetime and reliable data transfer within a limited range. However, it faces several challenges whilst dealing with applications that are having strict timeliness, energy, and bandwidth requirements. This paper proposes an efficient superframe structure for the MAC layer of IEEE 802.15.4 networks that intends to deal with these challenges by varying the functionalities of Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) bits. Simulations of different GTS allocation techniques show that our enhanced scheme outperforms the original standard as well as previous techniques in terms of energy consumption, average delay, maximum GTS allocation and reliability.
Redefreiheit als Befähigung zur öffentlichen Rede
Authors: Merdes Christoph J.
Published: April 2023

Redefreiheit ist häufig als negatives Abwehrrecht aufgefasst worden, und wird dies auch heute noch in vielen Kontexten. Ein solches negatives Abwehrrecht ist jedoch ungeeignet, die der Freiheit zugrundeligenden normativen Gründe vollständig zu realisieren. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein Befähigungsansatz in Stellung gebracht, um eine substanziellere Freiheit zur öffentlichen Rede zu formulieren. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ist die Feststellung, dass die Befähigung zum öffentlichen Sprechen eine korrespsoniderende Befähigung zum Hören verlant; Hören bedeutet dabei nicht nur die sensorische und linguistische Fähigkeit, sprachliche Äußerungen zu verstehen, sondern die Vermögen zu verstehen, wohlwollend zu rezipieren und kritisch zu antworten.
Gegenrede
Authors: Donzelli Silvia
Published: April 2023

Als informelle Reaktion auf Hassrede kann Gegenrede (counterspeech) von jeder Bürgerin und jedem Bürger in alltäglichen Kontexten praktiziert werden. Sind Individuen auch moralisch gefordert, die eigene Stimme gegen Hassrede zu erheben? In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich eine individuelle moralische Pflicht zur Gegenrede begründen lässt. Zuerst soll gezeigt werden, dass das Rettungs- und Hilfspflichtmodell zu kurz greift. Es wird dann vorgeschlagen, die individuelle moralische Forderung nach Gegenrede als Solidaritätspflicht aufzufassen, die im Ziel, sozio-politische Ungerechtigkeit zu kontern, begründet ist. Zudem wird die fundamentale Rolle des Publikums angesichts von Hassrede untersucht, und speziell auf die normativen Implikationen der Idee, dass Schweigen die schädigende Wirkung von Hassrede verstärken kann, eingegangen.
Dekoloniale Ethik und die Grenzen der Redefreiheit
Authors: Knauß Stefan
Published: April 2023

Der argentinische Philosoph Enrique Dussel ist im deutschen Sprachraum kaum noch präsent. Seine dekoloniale Ethik der Befreiung (Dussel 2000) widmet sich den von marginalisierten Gruppen gemachten Erfahrungen materieller und diskursiver Ausgrenzung. Der Subjekttypus des ego clamo bezeichnet einen ethisch relevanten „Hilfeschrei“ der seit dem europäischen Kolonialismus benachteiligten Menschen des globalen Südens. Dussels Ethik wird innerhalb der dekolonialen Theoriebildung um das Konzept der Kolonialität der Macht (span. colonialidad del poder) verortet, in ihrer Entstehung nachgezeichnet und auf aktuelle Fragestellungen der Toleranz, Pluralität und Meinungsfreiheit bezogen. Wie Aníbal Quijano und Walter Mignolo geht auch Enrique Dussel von der Persistenz spezifischer Machtstrukturen aus, die sich während des europäischen Kolonialismus etabliert haben. Nach Quijano impliziert Kolonialität der Macht soziale Klassifizierungen durch Kategorien wie Rasse (span. raza) und Geschlecht, die aus einer eurozentrischen Perspektive formuliert (Kolonialität des Wissens) und im kolonialen Zeitalter global handlungsleitend wurden (Kolonialität des Wissens). Dekolonialität soll derartige „Muster der Macht“ (span. patrón de poder) historisch aufweisen und mit verschiedenen epistemischen Strategien zu dekonstruieren. Dussels Ethik der Befreiung ist dabei auf die Dekolonialisierung von Subjektivität gerichtet. Sie fordert auf zur Übernahme der Perspektive materiell und diskursiv Benachteiligter. Die leibhaftige Präsenz vielfach ausgeschlossener Menschen begründet eine Pflicht zur Kritik an den herrschenden gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen. Sie weist auf den blinden Fleck abstrakter, vom fiktiven Standpunkt der Allgemeinheit formulierter liberaler Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen hin: Sie blenden identitätsbasierte Formen der Exklusion methodisch aus. Individuelle, aber nicht zugleich kontingent gemachte Erfahrungen der Diskriminierung aufgrund der Herkunft, der Hautfarbe oder des Geschlechts können von der Mehrheitskultur einer Gesellschaft oft nicht ausreichend nachvollzogen werden. Mit Dussel lässt sich begründen, dass wir dennoch verpflichtet sind, uns mit den teilweise unbekannten und manchmal auch unbequemen Perspektiven der Anderen auseinanderzusetzten. Ein solcher Prozess der Konfrontation muss dabei jedoch jederzeit frei von Hass und Gewalt bleiben. Das Recht auf Freiheit des Ausdrucks wird überstrapaziert, wenn es die Fortsetzung diskriminierender Reden und ausgrenzender gesellschaftlicher Praktiken bedeutet. Ihm stehen manifeste Unrechtserfahrungen von Minderheiten entgegen, die deren Würde verletzen.
Sind „vulnerable Gruppen“ vor Kritik zu schützen?
Authors: Lotter Maria-Sibylla
Published: April 2023

Der Artikel verteidigt den Wert und die Unverzichtbarkeit der freien Debatte gegen neuere Tendenzen, gewisse kontroverse Beiträge zur öffentlichen Diskussion als Schädigungen vulnerabler Menschen zu delegitimieren. In den Abschnitten 1–2 werden zwei elementare Funktionen der Redefreiheit für eine liberale Demokratie vorgestellt: Erstens ist die Möglichkeit zum gewaltfreien politischen Widerspruch gegen Mehrheitsentscheidungen eine Bedingung ihrer Geltung auch für Andersdenkende. Zweitens ist sie eine notwendige Bedingung für die Erzeugung der politischen Kompetenz, die eine Demokratie am Leben hält und vernünftige politische Entscheidungen ermöglicht. In Abschnitt 3 erläutere ich, welche individuellen und sozialen Schwierigkeiten auftreten, und welche Tugenden daher entwickelt werden müssen, damit sich in einer freien Debatte kollektive Kompetenz entwickeln kann. Ausgehend von der Frage nach den Grenzen der Redefreiheit geht der 4. Abschnitt auf neuere Debatten über Hate Speech ein und hinterfragt deren tendenzielle Gleichsetzung mit physischer Gewalt. Der 5. Abschnitt führt die suggestive Kraft der Rhetorik der Vulnerabilität auf Concept Creep zurück und beschreibt die ideologische Nutzung dieser Rhetorik für die Ziele von Interessengruppen, wodurch reale Macht- und Interessenkonflikte als moralische Fragen ausgegeben werden.
Vom Umgang mit Spielverderber:innen
Authors: Pfleghard Stefan
Published: April 2023

Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Fluchtverwandlung als wesentlichen Aspekt des Diskursverhaltens der extremen Rechte zu beschreiben. Der Beitrag geht aus vom Prinzip, dass ein offener Diskurs all jenen offenstehen soll, die ihn als legitime Form der Auseinandersetzung anerkennen und ihn nicht zu zerstören versuchen. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Vergleich des offenen Diskurses mit einem Spiel sich für die Betrachtung des Diskursverhaltens als äußerst fruchtbar erweist. Dieser Vergleich ermöglicht im Rückgriff auf Johan Huizinga (Homo ludens, 1938) die Anwendung der Unterscheidung zwischen Falschspieler und Spielverderber auf den Diskurs. Wer den Diskurs zu zerstören versucht, entspricht vielmehr einem Spielverderber als einem Falschspieler. Das besondere Merkmal des Diskurses von Spielverderber:innen wird am Beispiel der Diskursführung von Sekten illustriert. Als ihr wesentliches diskursstrategisches Mittel erweist sich, was Elias Canetti (Masse und Macht, 1960) als Fluchtverwandlung beschreibt. Der Diskurs der Spielverderber:innen zeichnet sich durch wiederholte schnelle Fluchtverwandlungen aus, deren Zweck darin besteht, sich nicht auf eine bestimmte Position festnageln zu lassen.
Mit MarxVac gegen Verschwörungserzählungen?
Authors: Göths Steffen
Published: April 2023

Verschwörungserzählungen erleben im Zuge der Corona-Krise eine breite gesellschaftliche Beachtung und Anschlussfähigkeit. Dabei bleibt es nicht bei bloßen Agitationsversuchen seitens ihrer Anhänger:innen, sondern es kam zu Übergriffen auf vermeintlich an der Pandemie Schuldige sowie einer versuchten Stürmung des Reichstagsgebäudes im Kontext einer Querdenken-Demonstration. Von Verschwörungsgläubigen kann also tatsächlich eine konkrete Gefahr für diejenigen ausgehen, die innerhalb der Verschwörungserzählung als das Böse markiert werden. Es stellt sich also die Frage, auf welchem Wege hier bereits präventiv gewirkt werden kann. In seinen Überlegungen zur conspiracy theory of society kam Karl Popper zu dem Schluss, dass es sich bei Karl Marx aufgrund seiner Analyse der Gesellschaft um einen wichtigen Akteur gegen Verschwörungserzählungen handele. Popper begründete dies damit, dass Marx den Fokus auf gesellschaftliche Strukturen als Ursache für konkrete Entwicklungen lege, anstatt diese auf das Handeln von Individuen zurückzuführen. Sofern der Bezug auf das individuelle, geheime Handeln verborgener Personen eine Grundstruktur von Verschwörungserzählungen ist, ließe sich also ableiten, dass politische Akteure, deren Gesellschaftsanalyse sich in einer marxistischen Tradition bewegt, deutlich seltener auf Verschwörungserzählungen zurückgreifen dürften. Die Ergebnisse der Leipziger Autoritarismusstudie 2020 bestätigen diese Überlegung insofern, als der Verschwörungsglaube stark mit menschenverachtenden Einstellungen und rechtsradikalen Positionen korreliert. Gleichzeitig konnte bei den Querdenken-Demonstrationen eine breite Beteiligung von Personen jenseits der radikalen Rechten beobachtet werden, was durch Oliver Nachtwey mit den Worten „von links kommend, nach rechts gehend“ beschrieben wurde. Die mögliche Anschlussfähigkeit von Verschwörungserzählungen auch für Personen aus einem sich selbst als links definierenden Spektrum stellt das immunisierende Potential marxistischer Gesellschaftskritik gegenüber dem Verschwörungsglauben in Frage. Der Aufsatz unternimmt den Versuch, die Vereinbarkeit einer marxistischen Gesellschaftsanalyse mit dem Glauben an Verschwörungserzählungen zu prüfen. Dazu werden grundlegende Strukturen von Verschwörungserzählungen, wie etwa das manichäische Weltbild oder der Glaube an die absolute menschliche Handlungsmacht, mit den Prinzipien Marx’schen Denkens kontrastiert. Hierbei soll geprüft werden, welchen Beitrag eine marxistische Analyse zur Kritik an Verschwörungserzählungen leisten kann.
PENGARUH HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM NASIONAL
Authors: Sari Putu Gita Sunia
Published: April 2023

International law is a body of law that is mainly composed of principles, which are standards of behavior that a state requires and therefore follows and adheres to in interactions between these states. The main sources of international law are international treaties, namely bilateral agreements (made by two countries) and multilateral agreements or conventions (made by more than two countries) (especially contract slavery). The Indonesian government is forced to enact laws containing customary rules in treaties that have not been ratified, which is contrary to national law. With the existence of international law (particularly indentured servitude), the Indonesian government is compelled to issue laws whose substance contains customary rules in treaties that have not been ratified. That international law influences the development of national law becomes the basis for solving the problem of whether international law affects the development of national law.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BATAS WILAYAH NEGARA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Astary Komang Trisma Berlianthi
Published: April 2023

International Law is a set of rules consisting mainly of principles and rules of conduct that are binding between countries and are therefore generally adhered to in the relations of countries with each other. International law aims to establish order and justice in the international community. But behind the purpose of international law to establish order and justice among countries, in today's reality in various parts of the world there are still problems related to the territorial boundaries of countries. The vast territory of a country makes the area very important for a country. Based on international law, the territory of the country consisting of land, sea and air is one of the very important elements for the place where people settle and the government realizes sovereignty and applies its jurisdiction. So international law is expected by the community because the international community is not static, because of this matter International Law also develops in accordance with the development of society.
KEWAJIBAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMELIHARAAN KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP MELALUI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT
Authors: Purwendah Elly Kristiani , Rusito  , Periani Aniek
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana terkait pengelolaan sampah, mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana peran bank sampah dalam pengelolaan sampah dan mengetahui dan menganalisa bagaimana pengelolaan sampah yang berbasis masyarakat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum  normatif. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Sistem pengelolaan sampah merupakan proses pengelolaan sampah yang meliputi 5 (lima) aspek yaitu aspek kelembagaan; pembiayaaan; pengaturan; teknik operasional; dan peran serta masyarakat, (2) Bank Sampah dalam pelaksanaanya dapat mengurangi tingginya angka sampah di masyarakat dan di tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA). Sehingga, melalui Bank Sampah menjadi salah satu alternatif solusi bagi pemerintah maupun masyarakat dalam mengurangi terus meningkatnya volume sampah. (3) Pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat sebagai suatu pendekatan pengelolaan sampah yang didasarkan pada partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup memerlukan adanya fasilitasi dan implementasi upaya berbasis masyarakat sebagai suatu strategi pemberdayaan dan peningkatan akses mereka kepada sumber daya lingkungan hidup.
Microsimulation of an educational attainment register to predict future record linkage quality
Authors: Schnell Rainer , Weiand Severin V.
Published: April 2023

IntroductionPopulation wide educational attainment registers are necessary for educational planning and research. Regular linking of databases is needed to build and update such a register. Without availability of unique national identification numbers, record linkage must be based on quasi-identifiers such as name, date of birth and sex. However, the data protection principle of data minimization aims to minimize the set of identifiers in databases.
ObjectivesTherefore, the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education commissioned a study to inform legislation on the minimum set of identifiers required for a national educational register.
MethodsTo justify our recommendations empirically, we implemented a microsimulation of about 20 million people. The simulated register accumulates changes and errors in identifiers due to migration, regional mobility, marriage, school career and mortality, thereby allowing the study of errors on longitudinal datasets. Updated records were linked yearly to the simulated register using several linkage methods. Clear-text methods as well as privacy-preserving (PPRL) methods were compared.
ResultsThe results indicate linkage bias if only the primary identifiers are available in the register. More detailed identifiers, including place of birth, are required to minimize linkage bias. The amount of information available to identify a person for matching is more critical for linkage quality than the record linkage method applied. Differences in linkage quality between the best procedures (probabilistic linkage and multiple matchkeys) are minor.
ConclusionsMicrosimulation is a valuable tool for designing record linkage procedures. By modelling the processes resulting in changes or errors in quasi-identifiers, predicting data quality to be expected after the implementation of a register seems possible.
Growing the African Economy Through SMEs: A Consideration for Crowdfunding
Authors: Marughu Jafaru , Akintoye Ishola Rufus
Published: April 2023

Globally, the role of by SMEs in economic development and growth through the provision of employment, poverty alleviation and contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been widely acknowledged. Various governments have provided policy support to ensure that this role is sustained. Despite this support, SMEs are still faced with inability to access capital from the conventional banks. Crowdfunding emerged as an alternative source of funding for SMEs. This study is about how SMEs can contribute to the growth of African economy using Crowdfunding as alternative source of funding. The study employed exploratory design method focusing on comprehensive and comparative review of existing articles, journals, periodicals and other relevant literatures to gain insight into factors militating against access of funds by SMEs and the role of crowdfunding as alternative fund sourcing method available to SMEs. The study recommended that government should as a matter of urgency developed rules, regulations and framework that will guide the modus-operandi of crowdfunding. The study also recommended that SMEs should learn from developed economies like that of USA and France where crowdfunding had been successfully used as alternative funding source for greenhorn projects.
d-ОПЕРАТОР ДРОБНОГО ИНТЕГРОДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАНИЯ, ЕГО ЧАСТНЫЕ СЛУЧАИ И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОБОБЩЕНИЯ
Authors: Чуриков Виктор
Published: April 2023

В обзоре рассматривается d-оператор дробного интегродифференцирования любых вещественных и комплексных порядков. d-оператор носит алгебраический характер и действует на степенные функции или на их линей-ные суперпозиции. В частном случае, когда порядок интегродифференцирова-ния равен 1, d-оператор совпадает с операторами интегродифференцирования степенных функций классического анализа. В этом принципиальное отличие d-оператора от других операторов дробного интегродифференцирования. Рас-смотрены некоторые обобщения d-оператора, в частности, на случай некото-рых переменных вещественных порядков.
DEDE KORKUT TA AĠ VE AĠ BAN ĖV İ YENİDEN OKUMAK-TÜRKÇEDE AĠ ‘YÜKSEK VAR MIDIR -
Authors: Özçelik Sadettin
Published: April 2023

Dede Korkut gibi tarihsel derinliği olan ve geniş bir coğrafya ile bütünleşmiş bir metni okumaya çalışmak, bir okyanusun derinliklerini keşfetmeye çalışmak gibidir. Bu uçsuz bucaksız tarih ve coğrafya birikimi ile dolu okyanusun neresinde hangi kültürel öge ile neresinde hangi coğrafyanın söz varlığı ile karşılaşacağınızı tahmin etmek oldukça güçtür. Konu, dilin kendi malzemesi ile ilgili olduğu kadar alınma kelimeler ile de ilgilidir. Metindeki kelimelerin, söz diziminin ve bağlamın izini sürerken karşınıza sorunlar yumağının tahmin edilemez derecede yanıltıcı ve bir o kadar şaşırtıcı örnekleri çıkabilir. Bu sorunlar yumağının bir kısmı ses bilgisi, şekil bilgisi, söz dizimi, alınma kelimeler, deyimler, söz kalıpları ile ilgili olabilir. Bir kısım sorunlar ise anlam ve bağlam ile ilgilidir. Ayrıca okuduğunuz metindeki bir yapı, başka bir eski metinde görülmemiş veya başka bir metinde okuduğunuz metindeki anlamda kullanılmamış olabilir. Başka bir metinde geçmeyen bir dil yapısını doğru okuyup anlamak için eldeki tek anahtar bağlamdır. Türkçeye kaynaklık eden eski metinler, sayıca az ve sınırlı genişliktedir. Eski metinler, yazılmış oldukları dönemde kullanılan dilin bütün sözcüklerine, dil yapılarına ve bunların bütün anlamlarına tanıklık etmez. Ayrıca bazen aynı öge ile ilgili olarak karşınıza yukarıda sayılmış olan sorunların birden fazlası çıkabilir. Böyle bir metinde sorunlar bilinmezin bilinmezi olur ve birbirini izler gider. Bu makalede konunun bir örneği olarak Dede Korkut yazmalarında geçen aġ ve aġ ban ėv üzerinde durulmaktadır.