bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of pesticide residues detection system
Authors: Keh Huan‐Chao , Chiang Rui‐Dong , Chang Shih‐Hao , Hung Wen‐Pin
Published: March 2022

At present, pesticide residue testing is done by professionals in the laboratory, because test results are not fast enough for market demand. The process of taking data is cumbersome and error‐prone; although some operators have developed wireless pesticide residue detectors. But its' Internet of Things (IoT) system can only upload detection results to the database, and does not carry out subsequent analysis or provide warning services. This study will redesign and implement an IoT pesticide residue detection system, which will allow users to view the detection results through the webpage and mobile app after uploading those results. At the same time, when there are some abnormal situations like missing spare parts or getting abnormal detection results, this system will automatically send a warning message to the relevant person's mobile phone, so the users can fix errors as soon as possible. Besides, this study also designed a sharing function; this function allows users to set conditions to list the filtered detection results, and automatically send the QR code and website address of the detection results list to the user mailbox. Finally, the user can send the QR code or website to other relevant personnel for confirmation of detection results.
Enhanced data‐aided frequency estimation by collaboration in a distributed receiver
Authors: Waqas Ahsan , Lechner Gottfried , Chan Terence , Nguyen Khoa
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a communication system with digital burst‐mode transmission and distributed reception in the presence of carrier frequency offset and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is considered. The distributed receiver consists of distributed nodes and a fusion center. Data‐aided frequency estimation at a receiving node can be performed using a preamble. However, accurate frequency estimation may not be achievable at nodes with low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The problem can be alleviated by collaboration between nodes. Low‐SNR nodes can improve their data‐aided frequency estimation by fetching already decoded symbols from the fusion center. This paper investigates deterministic and data dependent criteria for selecting and fetching of additional symbols. The mean‐square error (MSE) of frequency estimation errors achieved by different criteria are numerically compared via Monte‐Carlo simulations. The Cramer–Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) for frequency estimation under the considered criteria are presented. The bit‐error‐rates (BER) of the distributed receiver across different symbol fetching schemes are numerically compared.
Accelerated convergence of time‐splitting algorithm by relaxation method
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Li Shengbo Eben , Ma Fei , Li Wenyu , Sun Hao , Maihemuti Maierdanjiang , Jin Chun
Published: March 2022

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a widely used model predictive control (MPC) acceleration method. It adopts the time‐splitting technique, splitting the original problem into independent subproblems. Relaxed ADMM (R‐ADMM) is a generalization of ADMM that often achieves faster convergence. However, its parameters must be chosen by an expert user. Besides, the existing convergence proof of R‐ADMM adopts a first‐order Taylor approximation, which makes the range of relaxation factors conservative. We tackle these weaknesses by giving rigorous evidence and finding the optimal relaxation factor. Firstly, we deduce the convergence of the R‐ADMM algorithm, yielding an accurate range of relaxation factors. Then, we analyze the relationship between convergence rate and relaxation factor and conclude that the optimal relaxation factor depends on a recurrence condition. Since splitting introduces the equality constraint, the decoupled states are getting close in the iteration, meeting the recursive requirements and helping find the optimal relaxation factor. Finally, various trajectory tracking tasks are conducted to verify the efficiency of the R‐ADMM algorithm. And the simulation results show that the R‐ADMM algorithm reduces the number of iterations by 63.7% compared with the ADMM algorithm in the double lane change task.
Self‐decoupled tapered slot antenna using defected radiator structure
Authors: Mu Yajie , Liu Haixia , Han Jiaqi , Xia Dexiao , Li Long
Published: March 2022

A self‐decoupled tapered slot antenna (TSA) by rejecting the coupling wave is proposed in this paper. Such TSA arrays have high isolation without introducing additional decoupling structures. And compared with the reference TSA, the self‐decoupled TSA is obtained by the defected radiator structure, which is etched with multiple continuous cross grooves on the two fins of TSA. The reason why the defected radiator structure can be decoupled is that it has a band‐stop characteristic within the operating frequency band of the TSA. The TSA with and without the defected radiator structure is studied that the TSA with defected radiator structure achieves ultra‐wideband decoupling from 3 to 11 GHz. Moreover, the gain of the self‐decoupled TSA is improved at most frequencies. A prototype of the self‐decoupled TSA and the reference TSA are fabricated and measured. An excellent agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained. The isolation level of the self‐decoupled TSA improves by a maximum of 12 dB at 6 GHz. The mutual coupling is reduced by 1 to 12 dB over the entire operating frequency band. In addition, the peak gain of the self‐decoupled TSA is improved by up to 1.5 dBi.
Arbitrary style transfer with attentional networks via unbalanced optimal transport
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Liwen , Xu Dan , Yao Shaowen
Published: March 2022

Arbitrary style transfer aims to stylize the content image with the style image. The key problem of style transfer is how to balance the global content structure and the local style patterns. A promising method to solve this problem is the attentional style transfer method, where a learnable embedding of image features enables style patterns to be flexibly recombined with the content image, so local style patterns will be well preserved in the stylized image. However, current attentional style transfer methods cannot well preserve the global content structure. To solve this problem, a novel attentional style transfer network is proposed, that relies on Optimal Transport (OT) for computing the attention map. The proposed OT‐based attention ensures the similarity between global distributions of the synthesized image and its corresponding style image. For the optimal transport computation, a regularized formulation is used, which not only allows an unbalanced optimal transport to address the deviational distributions but also improves the robustness of stylized results. The proposed method finds a well balance between the global content structure and local style patterns. Various experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state‐of‐the‐art methods.
CPDINet: Blind image quality assessment via a content perception and distortion inference network
Authors: Shao Xiao , Liu Mengqing , Li Zihan , Zhang Peiyun
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, it is still challenging for the blind image quality assessment (BIQA) to accurately predict quality scores of distorted images, since distorted images have rich content information and complex distortions. To solve these problems, a content perception and distortion inference network for BIQA is proposed, which divides IQA task into content perception and distortion inference processes. Since humans try to understand image content before perceiving quality scores, a content feature extractor is designed to explore content information in an image to deal with the content variation problem. To handle the distortion diversity problem, a distortion feature extractor is proposed to capture distortion features in images. Because extracted content features and distortion ones have different characteristics, attention‐based fusion blocks to fuse multi‐scale content features and distortion ones as guidance to selectively enhance important features based on calculated weight scores are proposed. With fused features, a quality prediction module is designed to regress multi‐scale features to quality scores. Experiments are performed on six public IQA datasets, including LIVE, CSIQ, TID2013, LIVEC, KonIQ‐10k, and SPAQ. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively predict quality scores for both synthetically and authentically distorted images than its peers, including the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Design of a hexagonal outlined porous cladding with vacant core photonic crystal fibre biosensor for cyanide detection at THz regime
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rakibul , Naser Ahmed Mujtaba Al , Jaba Fatema Zerin , Anzum Fariha , Iftekher Abu Nayeem Mohammad , Khan Md Rezaul Hoque , Nishat Mirza Muntasir
Published: March 2022

A hexagonal outlined porous cladding with vacant core photonic crystal fibre (HOPC‐VC‐PCF) sensor using Zeonex has been presented, which can detect cyanides at the THz regime. Cyanides are incredibly lethal chemicals to humans as they can rapidly cause impairment or even death; such harmful substances must be identified precisely. The proposed model has been analysed at a broad spectrum of THz regimes for three different analytes, and the numerical investigation is performed using the Finite element method (FEM). Simulation results exhibit that at optimum design parameters, extremely high sensitivity of 99.75%, negligible confinement loss of 0.5 × 10−13 cm−1, extremely low and flat dispersion of 0.12 ps THz/cm, and other excellent features were obtained. The performance analysis and the design methodology have been depicted in detail. Due to the simplistic design, fabrication of the model is easily achievable by current technology. The remarkable sensing capabilities will not only make it suited in chemicals analysis but also will play vital roles in other applications as well.
Reversible quantum communication & systems
Authors: Sengupta Diganta , Abd El‐Latif Ahmed , De Debashis , Navi Keivan , Bagherzadeh Nader
Published: March 2022

Quantum Computing has emerged as one of the important dimensions of global research lately, on both the prospects, hardware as well as algorithms. With enhanced processing powers, several architectures based on adiabatic concepts resulting in reversibility have been proposed to date. Architectures based on Quantum Dot Cellular Automata have also shown considerable promise for realising the concept of reversibility. Recently, research has been focussed on the application of quantum computing for faster and secure communication. Dedicated machine learning algorithms and neural networks for quantum computation have also attracted considerable research. With a plethora of research and advances in this domain, this Special Issue publishes outstanding contributions for dissemination of the knowledge of Reversible Quantum Communication & Systems. This Special Issue publishes latest approaches and findings in Quantum Algorithms and Reversible Computing with focus on emerging Machine Learning approaches in Quantum Communications. Reversible Logic forms a pivotal part of Quantum Computing and has been a topic of high interest among Quantum Computing Scientists and researchers throughout the last decade. It also exhibits considerable prospects in recent research due to its adiabatic characteristics. Logic synthesis and optimisation algorithms within the purview of Reversibility have witnessed credible approaches and pose future prospects, such as the rise of Machine Learning approaches which have also penetrated the Quantum Domain.
An enhanced flower pollinated algorithm with a modified fluctuation rate for global optimisation and load frequency control system
Authors: Oladipo Stephen , Sun Yanxia , Wang Zenghui
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a new hybridised approach comprising the flower pollination algorithm and pathfinder algorithm (FPAPFA), in order to address optimisation problems and for load frequency control system. Although the FPA is a popular algorithm that has been widely used in diverse applications, its implementation is met with the tendency to be trapped in local optimal due to an imbalance between the exploration and exploitation process. Consequently, the FPA's exploration functionality can be enhanced by using the PFA features to shift certain pollens to moderately enhanced locations rather than leading them to random positions. Furthermore, a modified fluctuation rate is incorporated into the PFA to reinforce the exploitative competence of the FPAPFA. Compared to other popular techniques, the proposed algorithm's performance was evaluated against 23 standard mathematical optimisation functions and statistically tested using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Friedman rank tests. Moreover, the FPAPFA is applied to regulate two unequal multi‐area interconnected power systems with different generating units (thermal, hydro, diesel, and wind power plants) while also integrating redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC). Simulation results show that the proposed FPAPFA delivered better results than other algorithms with improved convergence speed, stability, and robustness.
Adipositas-Chirurgie: Welche Besonderheiten ergeben sich für die Ernährungstherapie?
Authors: Raab Heike
Published: March 2022

Nach Ausschöpfen aller Maßnahmen zur Änderung der Ernährung und des Lebensstils bleibt vielen Menschen mit Adipositas letztlich nur ein bariatrischer Eingriff für eine deutliche und langfristige Gewichtsreduktion. Zur Adipositas-Chirurgie gehört eine lebenslange Nachsorge in einem interdisziplinären Setting. Dies erfordert von den Betroffenen die Adhärenz an ernährungstherapeutische Empfehlungen und eine angemessene Supplementation von Mikronährstoffen.
Analgosedierung bei Beatmung
Authors: Hardel Tim Tristan , Braune Stephan , Boenisch Olaf , Kluge Stefan
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Monitoring von Analgesie, Sedierung und Delir Voraussetzung für das Monitoring einer zielorientierten Analgosedierung und das Screening auf die Präsenz eines Delirs sind der Einsatz validierter Messinstrumente wie die Richmond-Agitation-and-Sedation-Scale sowie ein adäquater ärztlicher und intensivpflegerischer Betreuungsschlüssel.

Durchführung der Analgesie und Sedierung Ziel ist nach Möglichkeit ein wacher, orientierter, kooperativer Patient, der frei von Schmerzen ist. Hierbei kommt der multimodalen analgosedierenden Behandlung eine große Bedeutung zu. Auch bei COVID-19-Patienten sollte eine geringstmögliche Sedierung angestrebt werden, wobei bei invasiv beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten in Bauchlage eine tiefe Sedierung empfohlen wird.
Das plantare amelanotische Melanom: Ein Wolf im Schafspelz
Authors: Bertlich Ines , Enk Alexander , Toberer Ferdinand
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund, Anamnese und Untersuchungen Das Amelanotische Melanom (AM) ist ein Subtyp des Melanoms, bei dem die Melanozyten wenig oder keine Melaninsynthese betreiben. Da es klinisch nicht die typische, dunkle Pigmentierung des Melanoms zeigt, wird es oftmals als gutartiger Hauttumor oder entzündliche Dermatose verkannt und daher zu spät oder fehlerhaft behandelt. Diese Übersicht aus 4 Fällen dient der Veranschaulichung der Warnzeichen von plantaren AM (PAM), die jedem klinisch tätigen Mediziner bekannt sein sollten.

Therapie und Verlauf Wir präsentieren eine Fallserie aus 4 Patienten mit PAM und beschreiben detailliert die Bandbreite des klinischen Erscheinungsbildes sowie den Krankheitsverlauf.

Folgerung PAM können verschiedene klinische Ausprägungen annehmen und insbesondere ältere Patienten mit multiplen Nebenerkrankungen sind gefährdet für eine Fehldiagnose. Wir empfehlen daher generell eine diagnostische Biopsie bei jeder plantaren Ulzeration, wenn diese nach 6 Wochen kein Therapieansprechen zeigt.
Factors Associated with Choosing the Kerala Model of Palliative Care versus Standard Care among Indian Cancer Patients
Authors: George Prema N. , Ganesh M.P. , Chawak Shweta , Chittem Mahati
Published: March 2022

Patients who opt for the Kerala Model of Palliative Care (KMPC) report favorable psychological outcomes. Still, not all patients in Kerala prefer this treatment's approach. Hence, this study is aimed to examine the demographical, medical, pain, and psychological factors associated with cancer patients who choose the KMPC versus standard care (SC). Using a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling, 87 patients (SC = 40; KMPC = 47) residing in Kerala, India, responded to questionnaires on pain, anxiety, and depression, and quality of life (QoL). Data analysis was conducted using chi-squared and independent sample t-tests. Findings revealed that KMPC (vs. SC) patients had lower levels of education, were self-employed or homemakers, belonged to a middle or low socioeconomic status, received government aid or were financially self-supported, and were diagnosed for less than 1 year or less than 5 years. KMPC patients reported higher levels of pain, lower levels of anxiety and depression, better overall total QoL, physical health, social health, functionality capacity, and emotional health. These findings suggest the need for community awareness programs regarding the benefits of opting for the KMPC. Patients who chose KMPC reported higher levels of pain than SC patients, highlighting the need for the KMPC to improve its approach to pain management.
The impact of digital technology on changing consumer behaviours with special reference to the home furnishing sector in Singapore
Authors: Rangaswamy Easwaramoorthy , Nawaz Nishad , Changzhuang Zhou
Published: March 2022

The impact of digital technology has altered consumers’ choices for decades, which has fostered large amounts of eCommerce, including in the home furnishing business. Furthermore, due to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, consumer behaviours have changed, with consumer satisfaction influencing purchasing initiatives and decision-making online. There is insufficient research on online purchasing behaviours in the home furnishing sector in the context of Singapore. The advent of digitisation and the emergence of marketing through digital platforms compared to offline marketing have changed purchasing behaviours regarding home furnishing in Singapore. Research designs and methods, including realism philosophies, deductive approaches, a quantitative research method, a cross-sectional analysis in a descriptive research design and a questionnaire research instrument, were applied to the current study. The findings show a critical trend: consumers prefer an omnichannel approach when purchasing furniture, thereby enhancing competitive costs and personalisation designs and services. Consumers expect advantages both online and offline to maximise the benefits of their purchasing.
Mathematical foundations for field theories on Finsler spacetimes
Authors: Hohmann Manuel , Pfeifer Christian , Voicu Nicoleta
Published: March 2022

This paper introduces a general mathematical framework for action-based field theories on Finsler spacetimes. As most often fields on Finsler spacetime (e.g., the Finsler fundamental function or the resulting metric tensor) have a homogeneous dependence on the tangent directions of spacetime, we construct the appropriate configuration bundles whose sections are such homogeneous fields; on these configuration bundles, the tools of coordinate free calculus of variations can be consistently applied to obtain field equations. Moreover, we prove that the general covariance of natural Finsler field Lagrangians leads to an averaged energy–momentum conservation law that, in the particular case of Lorentzian spacetimes, is equivalent to the usual pointwise energy–momentum covariant conservation law.
Magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Thanh Tran Dang , Anh Xuan Chu Thi , Bach Ta Ngoc , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Lam Dao Son , Linh Dinh Chi , Giang Le Thi , Lam Vu Dinh
Published: March 2022

The magnetic and absorbing properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles created by ceramic and high-energy ball milling methods were investigated in detail in this study. The x-ray diffraction data show that they belong to a rhombohedral structure with an average crystalline size of ⟨D⟩ = 41 ± 2 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscope image showed that the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 particles have a pseudo-spherical shape with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. The Curie temperature (TC), effective paramagnetic moment, coercivity (Hc), and saturation magnetization (Ms) of the sample were determined using the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetization. It shows that La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles exhibit a soft ferromagnetism with TC = 358 K and Hc ≈ 15 Oe and Ms ≈ 60 emu/g at 300 K. The microwave reflection loss (RL) of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3–paraffin composites with thicknesses t = 1.5–3.5 mm at room temperature was measured at frequencies 4–18 GHz using a vector network analyzer. The largest negative RL values obtained for un-backed and Al-backed samples are about −14.07 dB at 17.97 GHz and −24.87 dB at 14.71 GHz corresponding to the absorbing thicknesses t = 1.5 and 2.0 mm, respectively. These resonant effects are explained by the impedance matching mechanism in the samples.
Numerical analysis of temperature characterization of air gap discharge in solid insulation under power frequency voltage
Authors: Zhou Jing , Gan Pengfei , Zhao Hui , Zhang Zhanlong , Deng Jun
Published: March 2022

Air gap defects in solid insulation of power equipment can cause partial discharge. Temperature, as an important characterization of partial discharge, can be used as a criterion for the deterioration degree of air gap defects to some extent. In this paper, the temperature characterization of air gap discharge is studied. A plasma-kinetics-based dielectric barrier discharge model is constructed. The calculation method of air gap discharge heat source under power frequency voltage is presented. Moreover, the influence of voltage amplitude and gap thickness on temperature is studied. Obtained results indicate that under the power frequency voltage, Joule (Ohmic) heat contributes 90% to the heat source, and O4+ and O2+ and electron e are the main contributors to Joule (Ohmic) heat. O4+ is also the dominant ion in the mixed gas. As the discharge progressed, O4+ almost all clustered near the instantaneous cathode. The O2+ density generally depends on the electron density, but compared with the electron, the spatial distribution of O2+ density is slightly shifted to the instantaneous cathode. The discharge heat source is positively correlated with the air gap thickness and the voltage amplitude. With the increase in air gap thickness, the rising rate of heat sources will also increase. However, when the voltage is 10 kV, the heat source increases first and then decreases with the increase in the air gap thickness. The discharge does not occur when the air gap thickness reaches above 4 mm. This study provides theoretical support for identifying the deterioration degree of air gap defects from the view of temperature.
Fermi surface nesting and the Lindhard response function in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Kaboudvand Farnaz , Teicher Samuel M. L. , Wilson Stephen D. , Seshadri Ram , Johannes Michelle D.
Published: March 2022

The recently discovered kagome net compounds AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) become superconducting on cooling, in addition to displaying interesting topological features in the electronic structure. They also exhibit charge density wave ordering, which manifests as a breathing-mode distortion in the kagome layers. It has been suggested that such ordering derives from nesting between saddle points on the Fermi surface. In aid of the evolving understanding of this intriguing materials class, we present calculations of Fermi surface nesting and Lindhard susceptibility of CsV3Sb5. The breathing mode distortions appear to not display a simple link with Fermi surface nesting (FSN) and do not display the signatures of a Peierls-like transition. The FSN is agnostic to changes along kz and is only mildly impacted by small shifts of the Fermi level. The results suggest that FSN is largely independent of specific features in the saddle point.
TM polarization preferentially implemented in the next generation of high-intensity laser systems based on multilayer dielectric gratings
Authors: Han Yuxing , Jin Yunxia , Kong Fanyu , Wang Yonglu , Zhang Yibin , Cao Hongchao , Cui Yun , Shao Jianda
Published: March 2022

The laser-induced damage (LID) response of multilayer dielectric gratings (MDGs) to transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric polarization was investigated based on polarized-independent MDGs. It was found that TM-polarized MDGs have the superiority of a high LID threshold, low sensitivity to laser excitation strength, low response to damaged structure, and reduced LID growth speed and dynamics. These results provide a strong motive to preferentially develop and mount TM-polarized MDGs in the next generation of high-intensity picosecond-petawatt laser systems.
Emergent magnetic properties of biphase iron oxide nanorods
Authors: Attanayake S. B. , Chanda A. , Das R. , Phan M. H. , Srikanth H.
Published: March 2022

We report on the magnetic properties of biphase iron oxide nanorods (NRs) consisting of ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 and antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 phases. Annealing as-prepared NRs at 250 °C for 5h, significantly improved the crystallinity of the Fe3O4 phase and enhanced the volume fraction of the α-Fe2O3 phase. Magnetometry data consistently reveal these two magnetically distinct phases, which are not in proximity to each other but separated by a region of disordered spins giving rise to enhanced magnetization at low temperatures when the sample was cooled down from 300 K in the presence of a 1T field to 10 K. This phenomenon which is also known as the pinning effect is much more pronounced in the annealed sample, resulting from the increased volume fraction of the α-Fe2O3 phase which could strengthen the interfacial spin frustration between these two phases and enhance the density of disordered spins at the interface.
Light diffraction in rotating magnetic emulsions in a magnetic field
Authors: Yerin Constantine V. , Belykh Sergey S.
Published: March 2022

The light diffraction in magnetic emulsions with droplets of a kerosene based magnetic fluid in AMG-10 hydraulic oil under the influence of magnetic and hydrodynamic fields has been studied experimentally. Rotation of the emulsion sample in a uniform magnetic field revealed a deflection of the diffraction pattern by a certain angle. An interpretation of the effect based on the anomalous diffraction approximation is proposed. The rotation of the diffraction pattern in the field of hydrodynamic forces is interpreted based on the balance of the torques of magnetic and viscous friction forces acting on an elongated droplet of magnetic fluid.
Electrical detection of ferromagnetic resonance in bulk YIG sample covered with a layer of silver paint
Authors: Lee Yong Heng , Mahendiran R.
Published: March 2022

We studied the electrical impedance of a bulk polycrystalline YIG sample at room temperature as a function of varying dc magnetic field (H) and frequency of the microwave (MW) signal (f = 0.9 GHz to 3 GHz) using a single port impedance analyzer. As the YIG sample is an insulator, silver paint was coated on the top surface and the two ends of the sample to allow the MW current to flow between the signal line and ground plane. While H is swept from -5.2 kOe to +5.2 kOe, a sharp peak in resistance and a dip in reactance appear at a specific value of field H = ±Hr. The amplitude of the peak in resistance and the value of Hr increase with frequency of the MW signal. The positive magnetoresistance at the peak is 2300% for 3 GHz. Similar but sharp features were also detected in YIG thin films coated with Ag-paint. We attribute these features in magnetoimpedance to Oersted field-induced ferromagnetic resonance in the underneath YIG sample.
Intermittent treatment of BRAF
V600E
melanoma cells delays resistance by adaptive resensitization to drug rechallenge
Authors: Kavran Andrew J. , Stuart Scott A. , Hayashi Kristyn R. , Basken Joel M. , Brandhuber Barbara J. , Ahn Natalie G.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Preclinical studies of metastatic melanoma treated with targeted therapeutics have suggested that alternating periods of treatment and withdrawal might delay the onset of resistance. This has been attributed to drug addiction, where cells lose fitness upon drug removal due to the resulting hyperactivation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling. This study presents evidence that the intermittent treatment response can also be explained by the resensitization of cells following drug removal and enhanced cell loss upon drug rechallenge. Resensitization is accompanied by adaptive transcriptomic switching and occurs despite the sustained expression of resistance genes throughout the intermittent treatment.
AhR promotes phosphorylation of ARNT isoform 1 in human T cell malignancies as a switch for optimal AhR activity
Authors: Bourner Luke A. , Muro Israel , Cooper Amy M. , Choudhury Barun K. , Bailey Aaron O. , Russell William K. , Khanipov Kamil , Golovko George , Wright Casey W.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Nontoxic agonists and antagonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) hold high therapeutic potential for treating autoimmune disease and cancer. However, AhR activation by different ligands can lead to opposing phenotypical outcomes in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. In this study, we demonstrate that proportional flux in the levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) isoforms 1 and 3 modulates AhR signaling in terms of amplitude and expression of distinct gene programs. These results delineate a molecular mechanism of ARNT isoform–mediated AhR regulation, simplify our understanding of a complex AhR signaling pathway, and provide feasibility for ARNT-targeted therapies that could be used in conjunction with nontoxic AhR ligands for the purpose of immunomodulation.
Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs
Authors: Zhang Yu , Kroll Thomas , Weninger Clemens , Michine Yurina , Fuller Franklin D. , Zhu Diling , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Lutman Alberto A. , Halavanau Aliaksei , Pellegrini Claudio , Benediktovitch Andrei , Yabashi Makina , Inoue Ichiro , Inubushi Yuichi , Osaka Taito , Yamada Jumpei , Babu Ganguli , Salpekar Devashish , Sayed Farheen N. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kern Jan , Yano Junko , Yachandra Vittal K. , Yoneda Hitoki , Rohringer Nina , Bergmann Uwe
Published: March 2022

Significance

The generation of phase-stable femtosecond X-ray pulse pairs will advance nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging, providing direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. This paper presents the generation of such pulse pairs in the X-ray domain. The approach uses X-ray free-electron laser pulses to induce highly directional, intense, phase-stable pairs of superfluorescence and seeded stimulated emission at the 5.9 keV manganese Kα
1
line. The finding is evidenced by strong interference fringes in the superfluorescence and stimulated emission signals.
A system for multiplexed selection of aptamers with exquisite specificity without counterselection
Authors: Yoshikawa Alex M. , Wan Leighton , Zheng Liwei , Eisenstein Michael , Soh H. Tom
Published: March 2022

Significance

Aptamers have the capacity to discriminate between structurally similar small molecules. However, generating such highly specific aptamers has proven challenging using conventional processes based on counterselection against nontarget molecules. In this work, we describe a high-throughput screening platform that can characterize the specificity of millions of aptamers toward a group of structurally related molecules in a single experiment and generate exquisitely specific aptamers without any counterselection. As exemplars, we generated aptamers with high affinity and specificity toward three structurally related kynurenine metabolites using our platform. Our platform can be readily adapted to other small-molecule targets and should therefore accelerate the development of aptamer reagents with exquisite specificity.
pH-degradable, bisphosphonate-loaded nanogels attenuate liver fibrosis by repolarization of M2-type macrophages
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Huppertsberg Anne , Choteschovsky Niklas , Klefenz Adrian , Durak Feyza , Schrörs Babara , Diken Mustafa , Eichler Emma , Rosigkeit Sebastian , Schmitt Sascha , Leps Christian , Schulze Alicia , Foerster Friedrich , Bockamp Ernesto , De Geest Bruno G. , Koynov Kaloian , Räder Hans-Joachim , Tenzer Stefan , Marini Federico , Schuppan Detlef , Nuhn Lutz
Published: March 2022

Significance

Fibrosis is a consequence of most chronic liver diseases, but currently no approved antifibrotic treatment is available. M2-type macrophages drive fibrosis progression and prevent regression, even when effective causal therapies have been employed. M2-type macrophages activate a cascade of fibrogenic effector cells and can prevent removal of excess scar tissue. To switch these profibrogenic M2 to fibrolytic (regenerative) macrophages, we developed a pH-degradable, nanogel-based delivery system which can be covalently functionalized with the macrophage-repolarizing bisphosphonate alendronate. The nanogels efficiently deliver the clinically approved drug into hepatic nonparenchymal cells after intravenous administration. They do not eliminate macrophages but repolarize their phenotype and subsequently block fibrosis progression. This approach establishes a nanotherapeutic delivery platform to treat further M2-type macrophage-driven diseases, including cancer.
Atypical tuning and amplification mechanisms in gecko auditory hair cells
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Gamble Tony , Griffing Aaron H. , Fettiplace Robert
Published: March 2022

Significance

Geckos are lizards capable of vocalization and can detect frequencies up to 5 kHz, but the mechanism of frequency discrimination is incompletely understood. The gecko’s auditory papilla has a unique arrangement over the high-frequency zone, with rows of mechanically sensitive hair bundles covered with gelatinous sallets. Lower-frequency hair cells are tuned by an electrical resonance employing Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channels, but hair cells tuned above 1 kHz probably rely on a mechanical resonance of the sallets. The resonance may be boosted by an electromotile force from hair bundles found to be evoked by changes in hair cell membrane potential. This unusual mechanism operates independently of mechanotransduction and differs from mammals which amplify the mechanical input using the motor protein prestin.
Excitation-polarization-dependent dynamics of polariton condensates in the ZnO microwire at room temperature
Authors: Ye Ziyu , Chen Fei , Zhou Hang , Luo Song , Sun Fenghao , Sun Zheng , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng , Xu Huailiang , Chen Zhanghai , Li Hui , Wu Jian
Published: March 2022

Based on ZnO microcavities with high quality factors, where the gain medium exhibits confinement of wave packets due to the intrinsically formed whispering gallery microcavity, strong coupling between excitons and cavity photons can be obtained at room temperature resulting in hybrid quasiparticles, e.g. exciton polaritons. In this work, polariton condensation is induced under the non-resonant excitation by linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses with different polarization directions. The dynamical angle-resolved k-space spectra of the photoluminescence emission of polariton condensates are measured with sub-picosecond resolution by the self-developed femtosecond angle-resolved spectroscopic imaging technique. Our results show that the ultrafast dynamics of polariton condensation is sensitive to the polarization direction of the excitation pulses which can be explained qualitatively by the combined effect of selective excitation of distinct exciton modes in the sample and the effective coupling strength of the excitation pulses in the ZnO microcavity for various polarization directions. This work strengthened the understanding of the condensation process for cavity exciton polaritons at room temperature.
Enhanced magnetism and persistent insulating state in Mn doped Sr2IrO4
Authors: Li Yaodong , Niu Rui , Xu Feng , Zhen Weili , Huang Hui , Wang Jingrong , Zhu Wenka , Zhang Changjin
Published: March 2022

The influences of Mn substitution at the Ir site of Sr2IrO4 are investigated via a comprehensive study of the variation of structural parameters, the transport and magnetic properties of the Sr2Ir1−x
Mn
x
O4 samples. The incorporation of Mn leads to an increase of the in-plane Ir–O–Ir bond angle, while it is not sufficient to drive the Mott-insulating state to a metallic state. Interestingly, we find a coexistence of Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ super-exchange interaction and Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ double exchange interaction in x ⩾ 0.06 samples. The Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ ferromagnetic domains are isolated by the Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ antiferromagnetic areas, leading to a severely localized electronic and magnetic states. The electron hopping between the localized states dominates the conductivity of the Sr2Ir1−x
Mn
x
O4 samples.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-source heterogeneous information fusion
Authors: Zhang Ke , Gao Tianhao , Shi Huaitao
Published: March 2022

Bearing fault diagnosis is a critical component of the mechanical equipment monitoring system. In the complex and harsh environment in which bearings operate, the fault diagnosis approach of multi-source information fusion can extract fault features more stably and extensively than the traditional single-source fault diagnosis method. However, most existing multi-source fusion methods are in infancy, and there are a number of pressing issues to address, such as subjective elements having a significant impact, excessive data redundancy, fuzzy multi-source signal fusion strategy, and insufficient accuracy. As a result, a new multi-source fusion fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. First, the residual pyramid algorithm is utilized to fuse the acoustic and vibration signals of multiple spatial positions respectively and then form two fused acoustic and vibration signals. Second, two improved 2D-CNN are used to extract the fault features contained in the above two signals separately to form a multi-source fault feature set. Third, an AdaBoost algorithm with a dynamic deletion mechanism is designed to fuse multi-source fault feature sets and produce the fault diagnosis findings. Finally, six different experimental data sets are used to test the performance of the model. The results reveal that the model has better generalization, higher and more stable fault diagnostic accuracy, and stronger anti-interference capacity.
Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Au–Ag bimetallic nanopillars fabricated using surface-plasmon lithography
Authors: Fan Yimin , Zhang Tao , Cai Zubo , Li Dongxian , Yue Weisheng , Gong Tiancheng , Luo Yunfei , Gao Ping
Published: March 2022

Arrays of gold–silver (Au–Ag) bimetallic nanopillars were fabricated by a newly developed surface-plasmon lithography (SPL) and their enhancement properties as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been studied. We demonstrated that the SPL is a low-cost and high efficiency method for the fabrication of SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and reproducibility. The nanopillars showed a good response in the detection of methylene blue molecules at a low concentration of 1.0 × 10–11 mol· l−1. The SERS enhancement factors (EFs) are on the orders of 107 and the relative standard deviation of SERS intensity is <8% over an area of 50 μm × 50 μm. The EFs increase fast with the height increasing from 200 to 530 nm, then increase slowly when further increase the height of the nanopillars to 1100 nm. In addition, the Au–Ag bimetallic coating has shown much higher SERS enhancement than the coatings of either the pure Au or Ag. The excellent SERS enhancement and reproducibility of the Au–Ag coated nanopillars indicated that the fabricated SERS substrates can be used for the detection of biochemical molecules at trace level and the SPL is a promising method for fabrication of SERS substrates.
Characterization of the PTB ultra-high pulse dose rate reference electron beam
Authors: Bourgouin Alexandra , Knyziak Adrian , Marinelli Marco , Kranzer Rafael , Schüller Andreas , Kapsch Ralf-Peter
Published: March 2022

Purpose. This investigation aims to present the characterisation and optimisation of an ultra-high pulse dose rate (UHPDR) electron beam at the PTB facility in Germany. A Monte Carlo beam model has been developed for dosimetry study for future investigation in FLASH radiotherapy and will be presented. Material and methods. The 20 MeV electron beams generated by the research linear accelerator has been characterised both in-beamline with profile monitors and magnet spectrometer, and in-water with a diamond detector prototype. The Monte Carlo model has been used to investigate six different setups to enable different dose per pulse (DPP) ranges and beam sizes in water. The properties of the electron radiation field in water have also been characterised in terms of beam size, quality specifier R
50 and flatness. The beam stability has also been studied. Results. The difference between the Monte-Carlo simulated and measured R
50 was smaller than 0.5 mm. The simulated beam sizes agreed with the measured ones within 2 mm. Two suitable setups have been identified for delivering reference UHPDR electron beams. The first one is characterised by a SSD of 70 cm, while in the second one an SSD of 90 cm is used in combination with a 2 mm aluminium scattering plates. The two set-ups are quick and simple to install and enable an expected overall DPP range from 0.13 Gy up to 6.7 Gy per pulse. Conclusion. The electron beams generated by the PTB research accelerator have shown to be stable throughout the four-months length of this investigation. The Monte Carlo models have shown to be in good agreement for beam size and depth dose and within 1% for the beam flatness. The diamond detector prototype has shown to be a promising tool to be used for relative measurements in UHPDR electron beams.
Electron temperature profile from optically grey X3-mode of electron cyclotron emission at Wendelstein 7-X using Bayesian analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Neha , Hirsch Matthias , Hoefel Udo , Oosterbeek Johan W , Marushchenko Nikolai B , Wolf Robert C
Published: March 2022

The third harmonic extraordinary (X3) mode of electron cyclotron emission is investigated, aiming at its diagnostic capability towards the measurement of electron temperature, T

e
, of plasmas with higher densities exceeding the second harmonic extraordinary (X2) mode cutoff. A Bayesian data-analysis approach is adopted through the forward modeling of the X3 emission observations to extract the underlying T

e
profile. Bayesian analysis shows that the high field side of the X3 emission spectrum is sufficient to provide the T

e
profile. Additionally, for plasma control purposes, a correction factor is provided to track continuous core T

e
from the measured radiation temperature of the optically grey X3 emission.
Simulation and experimental study on a high figure of merit LDMOS with ingenious layout design
Authors: Wei Jie , Dai Kaiwei , Ma Zhen , Li Jie , Yang Kemeng , Luo Xiaorong
Published: March 2022

To improve the tradeoff relationship between the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) and breakdown voltage (BV), a novel lateral double-diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (LDMOSFET) with an ingenious layout design is proposed and investigated by simulations and experiments. The proposed LDMOS features a specific convex-shape field plate (CFP) structure at source side and two separated integrated diodes (SID) at the drain side. On one hand, a continuous electron accumulation layer is formed from source to drain in the on-state, providing an ultralow current path to decrease the R
on,sp. On the other hand, the CFP and SID structures allow the proposed device to make full use of the drift length to sustain the off-state voltage, so that the novel device could maintain the same BV level with a shortened drift length. Thus, the proposed CFP–SID LDMOS achieves a much lower R
on,sp and better R
on,sp–BV tradeoff relationship. The experimental results illustrate that the CFP–SID LDMOS realizes a BV of 518 V and R
on,sp of 23.5 mΩ·cm2 with a high figure of merit (FOM) of 11.42 MW cm−2. Compared with the triple-RESURF LDMOS under the same BV, the proposed device decreases the R
on,sp by 53.8%.
Modulated light potentials for state manipulation of quasiparticles in ultra-cold Bose gases
Authors: Maaß Benjamin , Hartley Daniel , Busch Kurt , Rätzel Dennis
Published: March 2022

Ensembles of ultra-cold atoms have been proven to be versatile tools for high precision sensing applications. Here, we present a method for the manipulation of the state of trapped clouds of ultra-cold bosonic atoms. In particular, we discuss the creation of coherent and squeezed states of quasiparticles and the coupling of quasiparticle modes through an external cavity field. This enables operations like state swapping and beam splitting which can be applied to realize a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in frequency space. We present two explicit example applications in sensing: the measurement of the healing length of the condensate with the MZI scheme, and the measurement of an oscillating force gradient. Furthermore, we calculate fundamental limitations based on parameters of state-of-the-art technology.
Finite Element Analysis of elastomer: Case study – Rolling resistances of pneumatic and solid tyres
Authors: Jittham P , Sucharitpwatskul S , Siriruk S , Meesaringkarn S
Published: March 2022

EU tyre labelling rules have been applied since November 1st, 2012, to inform about the performances of tyres on fuel efficiency (rolling resistance), safety (braking on wet surfaces) and noise (external noise). The tyre labels help customers to make their purchase decisions by trade off on tyre performances and prices. Consequently, manufacturers have to engineer their products so that their tyres are classified on top of the label categories. Tyre rolling resistance involves in many kinds of tyre knowledge such as rubber formulations, tyre structures and tyre tread patterns. Generally, 70% of tyre rolling resistance depends on the hysteresis properties of rubber compounds and 30% depends on other properties such as road conditions, tyre pressures, load carrying, vehicle speeds, and tyre tread designs. From this point of view, even if rubber compounds are formulated to have good hysteresis properties, they can help reduce tyre rolling resistance up to 70%. If tyre rolling resistance needs to be further reduced, tread designs have to be considered. Therefore, this case study will show how to reduce tyre rolling resistance by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Pneumatic light truck tyres were used to study their tread patterns, tread depths and contact areas affecting their rolling resistances, while solid tyres were used to study on their tread patterns, tread depths, contact areas and tyre structures affecting their rolling resistances. The FEA results showed that tread patterns had high effects on rolling resistance of pneumatic light truck tyres while they had little effects on solid tyres. Contact areas and tread depths affected rolling resistances of both tyres. Increase in contact areas reduced tyre rolling resistances while increase in tread depths resulted in higher tyre rolling resistances.