bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Predictors for Lack of Favorable Vascular Response to Statin Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Serial Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Minami Yoshiyasu , Wang Zhao , Aguirre Aaron D. , Ong Daniel S. , Kim Chong‐Jin , Uemura Shiro , Soeda Tsunenari , Lee Hang , Fujimoto James , Jang Ik‐Kyung
Published: November 2017

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated that statin therapy improves cardiac outcomes, probably by stabilizing thin‐cap fibroatheroma in patients with coronary artery disease. However, major adverse cardiac events still occur in some patients, despite statin therapy. The aim of this study is to identify clinical predictors for the lack of a favorable vascular response to statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 140 nonculprit plaques from 84 patients with coronary artery disease who were treated with a statin and had serial optical coherence tomography imaging (median interval, 6.3 months) were included. Thin‐cap area (fibrous cap thickness, <200 μm) was measured using a novel 3‐dimensional computer‐aided algorithm. Overall, the thin‐cap area significantly decreased from baseline (median, 2.852 mm
2
; 25
th
–75
th
percentile, 1.023–6.157 mm
2
) to follow‐up (median, 1.210 mm
2
; 25
th
–75
th
percentile, 0.250–3.192 mm
2
;
P
<0.001), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased from baseline (mean±SD, 92.9±30.1 mg/dL) to follow‐up (mean±SD, 76.3±23.3 mg/dL;
P
<0.001). The general linear model with multiple predictor variables revealed that the thin‐cap area was significantly higher in patients with chronic kidney disease than in those without it (regression coefficient b, 1.691 mm
2
; 95% confidence interval, 0.350–3.033 mm
2
;
P
=0.013) and lower in patients with acute coronary syndrome (regression coefficient b, −1.535 mm
2
; 95% confidence interval, −2.561 to −0.509 mm
2
;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

Chronic kidney disease is an independent predictor for the lack of a favorable vascular response to statin therapy, whereas acute coronary syndrome is an independent predictor for favorable vascular response to statin therapy. These findings should be further warranted in future prospective studies.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01110538.
A Model for State Divisions of the Asta National Solo Competition
Authors: Fried Eric
Published: November 2017

My first experience as chair of the Texas division of the ASTA National Solo Competition came late in the summer of 2006 when the former chair accepted another teaching position outside of the state. Taking over at the last minute forced me to organize hurriedly, and I was most thankful for the assistance given me by the outgoing chair, the state president, and the board. After the competition was over, our board suggested that I consider organizing our policies and procedures into a state competition guideline handbook so future competition chairs would not have to “reinvent the wheel.” This article will address the processes, concerns, and the options available in organizing and bringing to fruition this important and prestigious event and provide guidelines for creating competition handbooks that are appropriate to each state.

State competition chairs for ASTA's National Solo Competition are met with expected and often surprising challenges, and may feel that they are “flying by the seat of their pants” when dealing with myriad issues that arise when organizing their state events. While each state has issues that make them unique, planning well in advance of the event makes for a smoother and less stressful competition for the chair, the state board, adjudicators, and the competitors.
Evaluation of the Incidence of Ibuprofen Administration in Alcohol and Opioid Detoxification Patients With Concomitant Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Muhammad Sheheryar , Tomko John R. , Wilson Laura M.
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ibuprofen administration in patients who are undergoing alcohol and opioid detoxification, and have concomitant alcohol-related thrombocytopenia. Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, prospective, observational study. A daily manual review of electronic health records was conducted for patients admitted to the detoxification unit of the hospital. Patients who (1) were of age 18 years or more, (2) were ordered both alcohol and opioid detoxification protocols, and (3) had a platelet count of less than 150 000/µL were included in the study. The incidence of ibuprofen administration was evaluated. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in the analysis. More than 70% of patients had an active ibuprofen order and 50% of patients received ibuprofen. Patients with a platelet count of <100 000/µL were more likely to receive ibuprofen in the presence of an active ibuprofen order and received a higher dose of ibuprofen than patients who had a platelet count of ≥100 000/µL. Conclusion: This study highlights a potential medication safety concern in patients with alcohol-related thrombocytopenia who are unintentionally ordered ibuprofen. Future, long-term studies are warranted to further investigate this issue.
Adam Smith on the Philosophy and Provision of Education
Authors: Thomas Alex M.
Published: November 2017

This article examines the views of Adam Smith on the philosophy and provision of education. On the basis of his Theory of Moral Sentiments and other writings, it becomes clear that Smith views education, conceived broadly to include both the learning of ‘wisdom’ and ‘moral sentiments’, as central to a prosperous or flourishing society. Education, in Smith’s view, is not restricted to formal institutions of education but also includes social learning—that between parents and children, and the learning arising from friendships. For Smith, education is a social process. Smith also discusses the important role of wonder and surprise in the process of education. The provision of education, as outlined in his Wealth of Nations, largely supports the public provision of education with partial contributions from the enrolled students. Smith favoured education for all because he believed that it would offset the harmful effects of division of labour on the workers, and therefore, education had to be accessible to the workers. The essay concludes by reiterating Smith’s position that education for all is necessary to create a prosperous society.

JEL: A20, B12, B31
Problem Analysis in Community Violence Assessment: Revealing Early Childhood Trauma as a Driver of Youth and Gang Violence
Authors: Ross Laurie , Arsenault Samantha
Published: November 2017

Problem analysis conducted by a university-based research partner can provide communities with data-driven options to address the local drivers of serious youth and gang violence. Situated in Worcester, Massachusetts, this article describes how subsequent to early childhood trauma being identified as a potential driver of adolescent and young adult violence; problem analysis using local data confirmed that being the victim or witness of a traumatic incident before the age of 12 years was significantly correlated with involvement in violence in adolescence or young adulthood. Although there is a robust literature on the relationship between early childhood trauma and later delinquency, local decision makers did not consider this knowledge actionable until the research partner used the city’s own police records to demonstrate the extent of the problem in the city. Rigorous problem analysis, conducted collaboratively between practitioners and an academic research partner, helped to compel local change and ensured that strategies addressed the right risk factors and directed service to the appropriate target population.
A new artificial neural network–power law model for vertical wind speed extrapolation for improving wind resource assessment
Authors: Cheggaga Nawal
Published: November 2017

This work is intended as a contribution toward a possible harmonization of methods and techniques, aimed at extrapolating wind speed for wind energy purposes. Through the years, different methods have been used to this end, such as power law which is used in many studies and softwares worldwide. Wind shear coefficient cannot be fixed at one value. It has been found that wind shear coefficient varies with parameters such as time of day, season, nature of the terrain, wind speed, temperature, and various thermal and mechanical mixing. This article uses an artificial neural network approach to generate the wind shear coefficient for a given site. The outputs of the models are compared with the real measured data. The results show a good accuracy.
Work, Gender, and Immiseration in South Africa and India
Authors: Naidu Sirisha C. , Ossome Lyn
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we broaden Marx’s immiseration thesis to articulate social reproduction under capitalist growth. Specifically, we compare the female labor market in the context of the wage economy, the family-household, and the state, three institutions that influence the production-reproduction system. Our observations lead us to conclude that the neoliberal growth path has exacerbated inequities in the opportunities for female workers in both countries. Our findings affirm both the differentiation and homogenization of conditions of reproduction under capitalist exploitation.
Economic Consequences of Hiring an Auditor With Industry Expertise: An Empirical Analysis Among NPOs
Authors: Reheul Anne-Mie , Van Caneghem Tom , Van den Bogaerd Machteld , Verbruggen Sandra
Published: November 2017

This study examines economic consequences of auditor choice in the Belgian nonprofit (NP) setting, where the identity of both the audit firm and the audit partner is required to be disclosed. Specifically, we examine the influence of auditor choice in favor of an auditor with industry expertise on future contributions (being the sum of donations and grants) received among a large sample of Belgian nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Consistent with a signaling perspective, our results indicate that NPOs benefit from engaging an audit partner with industry expertise, by positively influencing future contributions received by the NPO. However, we observe no significant effect of audit firm industry expertise on future contributions received. Our results therefore suggest that NPOs’ resource providers presume that industry expertise is situated at the signing partner level rather than at the audit firm level.
Optimization design for crashworthiness of special school bus seat based on simplified parametric model
Authors: Zhang Junyuan , Fang Qiang , Wu Linan , Li Linfeng , Chen Chao
Published: November 2017

In order to accelerate the optimization process of automotive seats, decrease the amount of computations, and realize forward design of seat performance, a simplified parametric model (SPM) is introduced in this paper during the optimization process of a school bus seat. The validity of the SPM of the seat and the feasibility of the modeling method are proved. The results calculated by the SPM show a good consistency with the shell element model. The SPM can also accurately reflect the deformation and stress of the seat in dynamic tests. Through mechanical analysis and energy analysis of the seat frame, the dynamic performance of the seat is improved to meet regulatory requirements. The SPM has the advantages of simple process, less number of units, time savings in modeling and calculation, and it provides the possibility to quickly analyze the performance of school bus seats and improve seat structure.
Metastatic Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma in Bone Marrow
Authors: Asakra Rana , Zaidi Shane , Thway Khin
Published: November 2017

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an aggressive neoplasm thought to be related to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which typically occurs in middle-aged adults in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities and trunk. It comprises nests and cords of relatively uniform epithelioid polygonal cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm in densely sclerotic stroma, and it is typically associated with EWSR1 gene rearrangements, and most commonly EWSR1-CREB3L1 fusions. As primary SEF can arise in bone, and bone is also a common metastatic site for SEF, its recognition at this site is important. We illustrate bone marrow showing diffuse infiltration by SEF and highlight the potential for confusion with a range of neoplasms such as carcinoma, hematolymphoid neoplasms, and other sarcomas.
Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: Maternal Trauma–Related Cognitions and Toddler Symptoms
Authors: Fenerci Rebecca L. Babcock , DePrince Anne P.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to elucidate possible cognitive mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of trauma from maltreatment-survivor mothers to their toddler/preschool-aged children. This study investigated whether maternal trauma–related cognitions—posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory for maltreatment—were associated with higher levels of toddler internalizing and externalizing symptoms and more dysfunction in the mother–child relationship. A community sample of mothers with histories of maltreatment and a child between the ages of 2 and 5 years was recruited for a study on maternal attachment, coping, and health ( N = 113). Path analysis results showed that posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory were significantly related to toddler internalizing symptoms, even with maternal trauma symptoms included in the model. Maternal posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory were also linked to more dysfunction in the mother–child relationship. These findings provide preliminary evidence in support of maternal trauma–related cognitions as potential mechanisms for the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
A Measure of Emotional Regulation and Irritability in Children and Adolescents: The Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation–9
Authors: Pylypow Jenna , Quinn Declan , Duncan Don , Balbuena Lloyd
Published: November 2017

Objective: To develop a scale for emotional regulation using item response theory. Method: Eighteen Swanson Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) items that loaded on an emotional dysregulation factor were submitted to Rasch analysis. After eliminating the items that violated Rasch criteria, the remaining items were examined for reliability and validated against the Conners’ emotional lability index. Results: A nine-item scale for emotional regulation was developed that satisfies the Rasch model and reliably distinguishes emotionally dysregulated/irritable children and adolescents. A score of 4 or higher in this scale has optimal accuracy for identifying children and adolescents with current significant dysfunction in emotional regulation. Among youth with ADHD inattentive, hyperactive–impulsive, and combined types, 42%, 56%, and 71% met the Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation–9 (CEER-9) threshold for emotional lability, respectively. Conclusion: A nine-item scale whose sum total is a measure of emotional regulation is proposed as a tool for clinical and research purposes.
An overview of biosimilars and non-biologic complex drugs in Europe, the United States, and Canada and their relevance to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gran-Ruaz Sophia , Mani Arvind , O’Quinn Sherry
Published: November 2017

The advent of biological medicines has significantly transformed the landscapes of many disease spaces and improved the lives of millions around the world. However, the structural complexity and sensitivity of such products result in a high price tag, adding to already financially strained healthcare systems. As these and other expensive complex drugs lose market exclusivity, stakeholders eagerly await the arrival of lower cost alternatives, such as biosimilars and subsequent entry non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs). Nevertheless, stakeholders remain uncertain about key issues which have resulted in heterogeneous reimbursement policies and varying levels of biosimilar uptake and subsequent entry NBCD approval processes between different markets. With the imminent introduction of both subsequent entry NBCDs and biosimilars for multiple sclerosis (MS), it is important to get a better understanding of this new class of products and how healthcare systems have been adapting to their use. This article defines biosimilars and subsequent entry NBCDs and provides an overview of how these products have been introduced in Europe, the United States, and Canada from a regulatory, health technology, and reimbursement perspective. In addition, this article briefly explores the potential impact and outlook of biosimilar and NBCD products related to MS.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer as measured by optical coherence tomography is a prognostic biomarker not only for physical but also for cognitive disability progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Hegen Harald , Teuchner Barbara , Amprosi Matthias , Berek Klaus , Ladstätter Felix , Wurth Sebastian , Auer Michael , Di Pauli Franziska , Deisenhammer Florian , Berger Thomas
Published: November 2017

Background:

Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness is emerging as a marker of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

We aimed to prospectively assess the predictive value of pRNFL for progression of physical and cognitive disability in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods:

In this 3-year longitudinal study on 151 RRMS patients, pRNFL was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). We used proportional hazard models, correcting for age, sex, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at baseline, to test a pRNFL thickness ≤88 µm at baseline for prediction of EDSS progression and cognitive decline. We also evaluated the decrease in pRNFL thickness from baseline to year 3 in a multivariate linear regression model.

Results:

pRNFL thickness ≤88 µm was independently associated with a threefold increased risk of EDSS progression ( p < 0.001) and a 2.7-fold increased risk of cognitive decline within the subsequent 3 years ( p < 0.001). Mean pRNFL delta was −5.3 µm (SD, 4.2). It was significantly negatively impacted by EDSS progression, cognitive decline, higher age and disease duration, while positively impacted by disease-modifying therapy (DMT).

Conclusion:

Cross-sectional and longitudinal monitoring of pRNFL is useful as a biomarker for prediction of physical and cognitive disability progression in patients with RRMS in everyday clinical practice.
Party influence where predispositions are strong and party identification is weak: Assessing citizens’ reactions to party cues on regional nationalism in Spain
Authors: Guntermann Eric
Published: November 2017

I show that parties’ positions on issues that are rooted in identity influence people’s opinions even if they lack a party identification. When exposed to competing party positions, citizens adjust their issue opinions to make them more consistent with their preferred party’s position even if they do not identify with that party. In two experiments conducted in Spain, I consider how citizens react to party cues on regional nationalism. Study 1, a laboratory experiment in Catalonia, shows that, when exposed to party cues on nationalism, citizens change their issue opinions in the expected direction but only weakly change their party evaluations. Study 2, a survey experiment in Galicia, shows that party cue effects only occur when participants are exposed to competing cues from their preferred party and from a disliked party. Parties thus influence opinions when they adopt contrasting positions even on issues that are rooted in identity.
Ethnic dissimilarity predicts belonging motive frustration and reduced organizational attachment
Authors: Kim Kawon , Ormiston Margaret E. , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Vignoles Vivian L.
Published: November 2017

Some empirical studies show negative consequences of being demographically different from one’s group, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not well understood. To address this gap, we investigated the role of the belonging and distinctiveness motives in individuals’ experiences of being ethnically dissimilar from their group. We propose that ethnic dissimilarity satisfies group members’ need for distinctiveness whereas it frustrates members’ need for belonging, and this frustration reduces their organizational attachment. An experimental study showed that ethnic dissimilarity led to heightened arousal of the belonging motive, indicating that this motive was frustrated. In a naturalistic study of real-life student groups, ethnic dissimilarity was associated with frustrated belonging, which in turn was associated with reduced organizational attachment. This paper contributes to the literature on demographic dissimilarity in groups by closely examining the effect of demographic dissimilarity on group members’ fundamental motives and reactions to group membership.
When the archive sings to you: SNCC and the atmospheric politics of race
Authors: Inwood Joshua FJ , Alderman Derek H
Published: November 2017

Through our engagement with the ‘Freedom Singers’, we advocate for approaching the archive through the racial politics of atmosphere to understand both the affective, emotion-laden practices of the past and the affective work carried out by contemporary researchers within the archive. This atmosphere provides an important pathway for identifying and analyzing the relationality and encounters that advance a fuller study of the black experience and define what (and who) constitutes critical actors in that story. The Freedom Singers and their politico-musical legacy, while lost to many members of the public and even many scholars, offer an important lesson in broadening our appreciation of civil rights practice, as well as the practice of archival research itself. This piece contributes to broader understandings of the archive as an affective space and the role of affect in analyzing archive materials.
Respecting young people’s informal learning: Circumventing strategic policy evasions
Authors: Quinn Jocey
Published: November 2017

This paper explores experiences at the interface of research and policy through the lens of informal learning. The paper contends that in order to further social justice it is essential to value the informal learning that takes place outside the confines of educational institutions. However, it also demonstrates the difficulties in getting policymakers to take this issue seriously. Formal education, in its fixity around the neo-liberal human subject, will inevitably reproduce the values and assumptions that have created an unequal society in the first place. To achieve social change, what constitutes learning and where and how it happens must be rethought. The paper reflects on three research studies – two achieved, one imagined – which help to reveal the extent and nature of young white working-class informal learning. These findings challenge their positioning as abject, deficit and hating learning. It discusses the policy interest in these studies and the current move of white working-class masculinity to the centre of political debate. It argues that despite the nominal attention to such working-class lives, their informal learning was and is deflected and ignored by policymakers. It is not a question of educating policymakers better, but that policy actively chooses this blinkered stance because a shadow body of unrecognised informal learners helps to shore up the status of their privileged qualified peers. The paper concludes that rather than pursuing familiar research pathways, partnership working and micro levels of research combined with alternative forms of communication and agitation may better serve to support young people’s own fight for social justice.
Susto, Coraje, y Fatalismo: Cultural-Bound Beliefs and the Treatment of Diabetes Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Hispanics
Authors: Moreira Telma , Hernandez Daphne C. , Scott Claudia W. , Murillo Rosenda , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: November 2017

Hispanics are disparately affected by diabetes. Treating socioeconomically disadvantaged Hispanics is challenging due to economic and cultural barriers. Health care providers must understand that cultural beliefs about medicine and disease may have an impact on how diabetes treatment is viewed. Concepts such as susto (fright), coraje (anger), and fatalismo (fatalism) are common cultural beliefs. If these beliefs are not well understood by the health care provider, recommendations for treatment are likely to be discarded. To dismantle cultural barriers between the patient and the health care provider, there are several strategies that a health care provider can implement. For instance, a health care provider must develop trust with the patient. The health care provider could also engage a family member or promotora or promotor (community health worker) in the conversation. Furthermore, if the cultural barriers are significant, the patient may be best served by receiving treatment from someone with a better understanding of his or her background. Thus, a referral may be appropriate.
Cytokine profiles in papillary thyroid carcinoma, with or without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Li Fuxin , Wu Chao , Wang Yizeng , He Xianghui , Zhao Na
Published: November 2017

The phenomenon that papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is often accompanied by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) raised interest in further study of immune changes caused by thyroid autoimmunity. We aimed to characterize cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with PTC with or without HT, compared with nodular goiter (NG) and healthy control (HC) patients, in order to determine the autoimmunity-related differences among these groups. A total of 50 PTC patients were divided into two groups, according to whether or not concurrent HT existed. A total of 20 NG patients and 20 HC subjects were also included as controls. All PTC patients and NG patients who underwent surgical thyroidectomy and pathology examination were included. The serum levels of four cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and IL-35 were measured using AimPlex bead–based immunoassays. Peripheral IFN-γ and IL-35 increased significantly in PTC patients with concurrent HT. IL-10 and IL-35 increased significantly in three groups (PTC with or without HT and NG patients), while IFN-γ increased only in the two PTC groups. IL-17 was highest in the HC group, but significantly lower in the other three groups. IL-17, IL-10, and IL-35 may be involved in tumor onset and progression. Moreover, IFN-γ and IL-35 may play vital roles in the concurrence of PTC and HT, which could warrant further exploration.
City logistics, urban goods distribution and last mile delivery and collection
Authors: Cardenas Ivan , Borbon-Galvez Yari , Verlinden Thomas , Van de Voorde Eddy , Vanelslander Thierry , Dewulf Wouter
Published: November 2017

Supply chains, logistics and freight have been facing increasingly complex challenges posed by transitions in economic structures, urbanization, city design and transport systems, as well as by the externalities associated with logistics activities in urban areas. This has driven a great deal of research recently. Yet, there are no sufficient contributions clarifying the current state of thought in this field. This article critically reviews the literature highlighting current approaches in the field. The objective of the article is threefold. First, to provide a framework with geographical and functional elements of urban logistics. Second, to identify the scope of the literature, vested into a typology. And third, to define the terms that may embrace the various analytical interests of the urban logistics field, namely city logistics, urban goods distribution and last mile logistics. The aim is to contribute to organize the current and future thought in the field of urban logistics.
Technology transfer in innovation networks
Authors: Ferraro Giovanna , Iovanella Antonio
Published: November 2017

This article offers a network perspective on the collaborative effects of technology transfer, providing a research methodology based on the network science paradigm. We argue that such an approach is able to map and describe the set of entities acting in the technology transfer environment and their mutual relationships. We outline how the connections’ patterns shape the organization of the networks by showing the role of the members within the system. By means of a case study of a transnational initiative aiming to support the technology transfer within European countries, we analyse the application of the network science approach, giving evidence of its relative implications.
Factors Influencing Secondary String Students’ String Teaching Career Choices
Authors: Hamann Donald L. , Frost Robert , Draves Tami
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research was to investigate factors influencing the decisions of high school string students planning to major in music teaching in college. High school string students (N = 246) from 14 schools in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho indicated their interest in pursuing a music teaching major and rated 15 factors believed to contribute to teaching interest. Data were evaluated using a multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was Teaching Interest. The independent variables were the 15 interest factors. Three variables (conducting, teachers’ contracts of 9-10 months without summer teaching, and teachers’ pay) accounted for approximately 23 percent of the variance contributing to students’ interest in a teaching major. The process of conducting, a teacher's contract, and surprisingly teacher pay contribute positively to students’ decisions to major in string teaching. Perhaps more emphasis should be placed on these 3 variables when recruiting students to the field of string teaching.
The Perceived Impact of String Programs on K-12 Music Programs
Authors: Russell Joshua A. , Hamann Donald L.
Published: November 2017

We examined music teacher perceptions regarding the impact of string programs on overall music programs in K-12 schools. Research questions included: (1) What are the perceived positive and negative program and student outcomes? (2) What are the underlying issues of music teachers’ perceptions about the positive and negative impacts of string programs? (3) How do these underlying issues compare with one another (negative and positive)? and (4) What relationships, if any, exist between fixed factors and the perceptions of the impact of string programs? Questionnaires were sent to all MENC members in two Southwestern MENC states. Data from participants (n = 308) were analyzed using principal components analyses and correlation analyses. A majority of music teachers felt that string programs were beneficial and offered opportunities for student development as well as expanded opportunities within a music program. Concerns included program focus and support, logistical issues, budget concerns, and finding qualified instructors.
Forum: Musical Wellness: Opportunities for String Researchers
Authors: Palac Judy
Published: November 2017

Research in musicians’ health in the last 30 years reveals that anywhere from 37 to 87 percent of both adults and students suffer pain related to the practice of their craft; nearly as often as athletes do. ASTA was one of the first professional organizations to recognize the problem. But how much do we really know about performance injuries and their prevention? Musicians, music educators, and movement and medical scientists have all investigated these issues. String researchers have been particularly active in studying the biomechanics of playing and in testing preventions and interventions, and they are uniquely qualified to contribute to understanding in these and other aspects of music wellness.
An Exploration of the Relationships between Cultural Background and Music Preferences in a Diverse Orchestra Classroom
Authors: MacLeod Rebecca B. , McKoy Constance L.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research was to investigate the music performing and learning mode preferences of fourth- and fifth-grade elementary students who were enrolled in an elective orchestra class in a culturally diverse elementary school. We were interested in exploring whether students’ self identified race or ethnicity influenced the songs that they preferred learning on their string instruments and whether they preferred learning “by ear” or by reading music notation. Thirteen fourth-grade and 14 fifth-grade students (N = 27) participated in the study. During a nine-week period, they studied one song each associated with the African American and Mexican American culture, and one song from the standard Western European classical repertoire for orchestra. There was an overall trend for students to prefer music from a culture other than their own. Participants were nearly evenly divided in their preference to learn the songs by reading notation or “by ear.”
High School String Players’ Perception of Violin, Trumpet, and Voice Intonation
Authors: Geringer John M. , Macleod Rebecca B. , Sasanfar Justine K.
Published: November 2017

We studied young string players’ perception of intonation in accompanied solo performances of trumpet, voice, and violin. We were interested in whether pitch deviations of equal magnitude in the three solo performances would be judged as equivalent in intonation. Listeners were 71 middle and high school string players who heard trumpet, voice, and violin performances of “Ave Maria” (Bach/Gounod) accompanied by piano. Pitch levels of the soloists were in-tune or became progressively more sharp or flat (by 10, 20, and 30 cents) relative to the accompaniment. Intonation changes in the sharp direction were judged as more out-of-tune for the violin than equivalent alterations of voice and trumpet. In flat direction changes, violin was also heard as slightly more out-of-tune than the other soloists for deviations of 30 cents, but was judged similar to the other two for deviations of 10 and 20 cents. Additional research is necessary to investigate whether this outcome was a result of these string players’ heightened sensitivity to string intonation.
Forum:2 Students with Disabilities in the String Classroom: An Integrative Review
Authors: Gooding Lori F. , Yinger Olivia Swedberg
Published: November 2017

There is limited information on students with disabilities in the string classroom. The aim of this integrative review was to synthesize the existing knowledge and trends regarding educational practices for students with disabilities in the string or orchestra classroom. A total of 20 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of available information consisted of expert opinion, with no true experimental designs found on string/orchestral education for students with disabilities. The analysis revealed that having a disability does not prevent a child from achieving on a string instrument, although barriers and challenges to participation do exist. Furthermore, the review showed that investigations specifically targeting string educators or teaching strategies in the string classroom are limited at best. More research is needed to better understand how students with disabilities can be effectively included in the string classroom.
Body-fat indicators and kidney function decline in older post-myocardial infarction patients: The Alpha Omega Cohort Study
Authors: Esmeijer Kevin , Geleijnse Johanna M , Giltay Erik J , Stijnen Theo , Dekker Friedo W , de Fijter Johan W , Kromhout Daan , Hoogeveen Ellen K
Published: November 2017

Background

Obesity increases risk of hypertension and diabetes, the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. The effect of obesity on kidney function decline in stable post-myocardial infarction patients is poorly documented. This relation was investigated in a large cohort of older post-myocardial infarction patients.

Design

Data were analysed from 2410 post-myocardial infarction patients in the Alpha Omega Trial, aged 60–80 years receiving optimal pharmacotherapy treatment (79% men, 18% diabetes).

Methods

Cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcysC) was calculated at baseline and after 41 months, using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and high waist circumference as ≥102 and ≥88 cm for men and women. The relation between body mass index, waist circumference and annual eGFRcysC decline was evaluated by linear regression.

Results

At baseline, mean (standard deviation) eGFRcysC was 81.5 (19.6) ml/min/1.73 m2, 23% of all patients were obese. After multivariable adjustment, the annual mean (95% confidence interval) eGFRcysC decline in men and women was –1.45 (–1.59 to –1.31) and –0.92 (–1.20 to –0.63) ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively ( p = 0.001). Obese versus non-obese patients and patients with high versus normal waist circumference experienced greater annual eGFRcysC decline. Men and women showed an additional annual eGFRcysC decline of –0.35 (–0.56 to –0.14) and –0.21 (–0.55 to 0.14) ml/min/1.73 m2 per 5 kg/m2 body mass index increment ( p for interaction 0.3).

Conclusions

High compared to normal body mass index or waist circumference were associated with more rapid kidney function decline in older stable post-myocardial infarction patients receiving optimal drug therapy.
Young women, body size and risk of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Persson Christina E , Adiels Martin , Björck Lena , Rosengren Annika
Published: November 2017

Background

A large body size in early adult life has been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) later in life in men; however, this has not yet been investigated in women. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry with known weight and height from 1982 to 2014. The main exposure body surface area (BSA) was calculated as the square root of (height [cm]  ×  weight [kg]/3600). Information on hospital diagnoses of AF were obtained from the Patient Registry. The study population comprised 1,522,329 women (mean age 28.3 years). Results: A total of 6993 women (0.5%) were diagnosed with AF during a maximum follow-up of 33.6 years (mean 16.6 years, confidence interval [CI] 16.6–16.6). Risk of AF rose linearly with increasing BSA, body mass index (BMI) and height, with up to a threefold increased risk in the biggest women. Hazard ratios associated with BSA were 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.30), 1.45 (95% CI 1.35–1.56) and 2.11 (95% CI 1.97–2.26) when comparing the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively, with the first. The elevated risk persisted after stratifying for different levels of BMI, even among women with low-normal BMI.

Conclusion

A larger body size measured early in adulthood was, independent from BMI, associated with an increased risk of AF in women during follow-up of up to 33 years.
Predictors of survival and ability to wean from short-term mechanical circulatory support device following acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Garan A Reshad , Eckhardt Christina , Takeda Koji , Topkara Veli K , Clerkin Kevin , Fried Justin , Masoumi Amirali , Demmer Ryan T , Trinh Pauline , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Naka Yoshifumi , Burkhoff Dan , Kirtane Ajay , Colombo Paolo C , Takayama Hiroo
Published: November 2017

Background:

Cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) portends a poor prognosis. Short-term mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) provide hemodynamic support for patients with cardiogenic shock but predictors of survival and the ability to wean from short-term MCSDs remain largely unknown.

Methods:

All patients > 18 years old treated at our institution with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation or short-term surgical ventricular assist device for AMI-CS were studied. We collected acute myocardial infarction details with demographic and hemodynamic variables. Primary outcomes were survival to discharge and recovery from MCSD (i.e. survival without heart replacement therapy including durable ventricular assist device or heart transplant).

Results:

One hundred and twenty-four patients received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation or short-term surgical ventricular assist device following acute myocardial infarction from 2007 to 2016; 89 received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and 35 short-term ventricular assist device. Fifty-five (44.4%) died in the hospital and 69 (55.6%) survived to discharge. Twenty-six (37.7%) required heart replacement therapy (four transplant, 22 durable ventricular assist device) and 43 (62.3%) were discharged without heart replacement therapy. Age and cardiac index at MCSD implantation were predictors of survival to discharge; patients over 60 years with cardiac index <1.5 l/min per m2 had a low likelihood of survival. The angiographic result after revascularization predicted recovery from MCSD (odds ratio 9.00, 95% confidence interval 2.45–32.99, p=0.001), but 50% of those optimally revascularized still required heart replacement therapy. Cardiac index predicted recovery from MCSD among this group (odds ratio 4.06, 95% confidence interval 1.45–11.55, p=0.009).

Conclusion:

Among AMI-CS patients requiring short-term MCSDs, age and cardiac index predict survival to discharge. Angiographic result and cardiac index predict ventricular recovery but 50% of those optimally revascularized still required heart replacement therapy.
Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Low Cervical Extension Independently Associated With a History of Stinger Syndrome
Authors: Hakkaku Takayoshi , Nakazato Koichi , Koyama Koji , Kouzaki Karina , Hiranuma Kenji
Published: November 2017

Background:

Stinger syndrome frequently occurs in athletes who compete in collision sports. Sharp pain and impairment of neck motion are major symptoms. Cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (CIDD) is also frequently observed in those who compete in collision sports.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To investigate whether CIDD and neck functionality are related to a history of stinger syndrome. The hypothesis was that a significant relationship exists between CIDD and neck motion and a history of stinger syndrome in Japanese collegiate football players.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 49 male Japanese collegiate football players (mean age, 20.0 ± 1.1 years; mean athletic experience, 3.8 ± 2.3 years; mean height, 172.3 ± 4.8 cm; mean weight, 83.1 ± 12.2 kg) were subdivided into athletes with stinger syndrome (stinger group) and those without (control group). Stinger syndrome was confirmed based on a questionnaire and interview. CIDD was assessed by using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Range of motion (ROM) and isometric muscle strength were measured for neck function testing.

Results:

Thirty-nine percent (19/49) of athletes had at least 1 episode of stinger syndrome. The prevalence of CIDD was significantly higher in the stinger group (68%) than in the control group (30%) ( P < .01). A statistically significant difference in cervical extension ROM was found between the stinger group (50.9° ± 11.1°) and the control group (60.2° ± 11.4°) ( P < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that CIDD and low cervical extension were independently associated with a history of stinger syndrome.

Conclusion:

Study results suggest that stinger syndrome is associated with CIDD and low cervical extension in collegiate football players.
Q-model building using one-way wave-equation migration Q analysis — Part 1: Theory and synthetic test
Authors: Shen Yi , Biondi Biondo , Clapp Robert
Published: November 2017

The goal of this study is to understand and quantify the attenuation effects in the subsurface and to create an accurate laterally and vertically varying quality factor [Formula: see text] model for gas clouds/pockets. Such [Formula: see text] models are used in seismic migration to improve image quality. We evaluate an inversion-based method, wave-equation migration [Formula: see text] analysis, with two major features. First, this method is performed in the image space to reduce noise, focus events, and provide a direct link between [Formula: see text] model perturbations and image perturbations. Second, this method uses wave-equation-based [Formula: see text] tomography to handle the complex wave propagation. We apply this method to three 2D synthetic examples. The numerical synthetic tests of this [Formula: see text] estimation method demonstrate its feasibility on characterizing [Formula: see text] anomalies and, as a consequence, improving the seismic image.
Q-model building using one-way wave-equation migration Q analysis — Part 2: 3D field-data test
Authors: Shen Yi , Biondi Biondo , Clapp Robert
Published: November 2017

We previously evaluated an inversion-based method, wave-equation migration [Formula: see text] analysis (WEMQA), to estimate the quality factor [Formula: see text] model for seismic attenuation. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, we applied this method to a 3D seismic data set acquired in the North Sea. Attenuation problems caused by a shallow gas and a shallow channel are observed in this field. We aim to characterize these attenuation anomalies. These attenuation anomalies are correlated with low interval velocities. The provided velocity model does not accurately reflect the low-velocity anomalies. Therefore, we first applied wave-equation migration velocity analysis to update the provided velocity model. The updated velocity shows low-velocity regions around the gas and channel features. The subsurface angle gathers migrated using the updated velocity model are flatter, and the events in the migrated images after velocity updating are more coherent. Then, we applied WEMQA [Formula: see text] to invert for the [Formula: see text] model. The inverted [Formula: see text] model detects the shape and location of the gas and channel. Consequently, the migration with the estimated [Formula: see text] anomalies enhances the damped amplitudes and the frequency content of the migrated events corrects the distorted phase of the migrated events and makes them more coherent.
Differences in Cancer-Specific Mortality of Right- Versus Left-Sided Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wainberg Zev A. , Raldow Ann , Lee Percy
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Studies have shown an increased risk for all-cause mortality with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) as compared with left-sided colon cancer (LCC). However, these studies were unable to directly account for mortality events unrelated to cancer, known as other-cause mortality. We investigated the difference in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between RCC and LCC at localized, regional, and metastatic stages, according to the Fine and Gray proportional hazards model, while accounting for other-cause mortality as a competing risk.

Methods

Using the SEER database, we identified 90,635 patients with LCC (ie, involving the splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid, and rectosigmoid colon) and 112,679 patients with RCC (ie, involving the cecum, ascending, hepatic flexure, and transverse colon) diagnosed from 1998 to 2013. We performed a competing risk analysis for CSM using the Fine and Gray proportional hazard model, adjusting for age, sex, race, tumor grade, surgery status, year of diagnosis, and tumor laterality, with two-sided testing and a statistical significance threshold of 0.05.

Results

Compared with LCC, RCC demonstrated statistically significant decreased CSM at the localized stage (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR], 0.865; P < .001), equivalent CSM at the regional stage (AHR, 0.990; P = .440), and increased CSM at the metastatic stage (AHR, 1.175; P < .001).

Conclusion

Using a competing risk model, we have shown that RCC, compared with LCC, is associated with lower CSM at the localized stage, equivalent CSM at the regional stage, and higher CSM at the metastatic stage. This pattern may correlate with variation in genetic factors, including known decreased prevalence of microsatellite instability in RCC with regional and metastatic disease.