bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Myth of the 'Law-Free' Paul Standing between Christians and Jews
Authors: Nanos Mark
Published: October 2013

Christians and Jews agree that the Apostle Paul did not observe Torah as a matter of faith, or in his daily life, except when he sought to evangelize among Jews who observed Torah. This perspective and the reasoning provided to explain it conceptualize the essential difference between Christianity and Judaism as revolving around Paul and his supposedly "Law-free Gospel," more so than around Jesus and his teachings. This understanding derives from the perception that Paul did not observe Jewish dietary norms, and that, moreover, he taught other Christ-followers not to observe them. This essay engages the primary texts on which this is based (Gal 2:11-15; 1 Cor 8—10; Rom 14—15) and finds that, contrary to the prevailing view, they show that Paul implicitly and even explicitly supported Jewish dietary norms among Christ-followers. The results challenge centuries of interpretation, with broad implications for Christian and Jewish portrayals of Paul and of the supposed foundations for differences that require and provide strategies of "othering" that continue to pose obstacles to progress in Christian-Jewish relations.
The Apostle Paul in the Popular Jewish Imagination: The Case Study of the British Jewish Chronicle
Authors: Langton Daniel R.
Published: October 2013

A close reading of British weekly newspaper The Jewish Chronicle over the last 160 years suggests that popular Jewish attitudes towards the Apostle Paul, which are by no means pronounced, are best explained by his association with a series of controversies that resonate within the wider Jewish community. Somewhat unsurprisingly, Paul has been associated frequently with apostates and converts, with those who would abrogate the Torah, with those who would confuse the distinction between Jew and Christian, with missionary activities, and, arguably, with the phenomenon of Jewish self-hatred.
The Lack of Evidence for a Jewish Christian Countermission in Galatia
Authors: Gregerman Adam
Published: October 2013

Most commentators on Paul’s letter to the Galatians have argued that his opponents were competing Jewish Christian missionaries. Fired by zeal to convert the Gentiles similar to Paul’s, these outsiders supposedly meddled in his church by preaching about the necessity of circumcision for salvation. I challenge this portrait and propose an alternative explanation for their demand that Gentile believers be circumcised. Instead of seeing them as interlopers with what some scholars call characteristically Jewish âextremistâ (i.e., restrictive) views of Gentile salvation, I demonstrate that theyâlike nearly all other late Second Temple period Jewsâwere unconcerned with Gentile soteriology. Rather, they were responding to an entirely different development, the influx of unconverted Gentiles into their originally all-Jewish religious movement as a result of Paul’s preaching. They responded as other Jews would respond, by insisting that those who sought to be members of such a community undergo circumcision and observe the Torah. I argue that we can say almost nothing about their views of a mission to the Gentiles and should not presume that their concerns were at all similar to Paul’s, whose zeal to convert Gentiles was unique. My reconstruction draws on recent research on this period demonstrating Jewish opposition to attempts to convert Gentiles, along with a Jewish commitment to maintaining traditional religious boundaries between Jews and non-Jews.
Introduction of A Time for Recommitment: Building the New Relationship between Christians and Jews
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: October 2013

A founding officer and secretary-treasurer of The Council of Centers on Christian-Jewish Relations, Dr. Philip A. Cunningham, addressed the assembly at the July 2009 Berlin ICCJ conference before the ceremony at which representatives from twenty-three countries signed the 'A Time for Recommitment' document.
Lippman Bodoff. The Binding of Isaac, Religious Murder and Kabbalah: Seeds of Jewish Extermination and Alienation?
Authors: Jospe Raphael
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Thomas Michel. Friends on the Way: Jesuits Encounter Contemporary Judaism
Authors: McMichael Steven J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Charles R. Gallagher, SJ. Vatican Secret Diplomacy: Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII
Authors: Cohen Raymond
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Sarah Stroumsa. Maimonides in His World: Portrait of a Mediterranean Thinker
Authors: Kalman Jason
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Learning About Ourselves While Learning About Each Other:
Authors: Sievers Joseph , Schiffman Lawrence H.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
From Denial to Acceptance: Holy See - Israel Relations
Authors: Lewy Mordechay
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Does the Church 'Get' the Holocaust? A Response to Kevin Madigan
Authors: Brill Alan
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Carol Rittner and David Smith, eds. No Going Back: Letters to Pope Benedict XVI on the Holocaust, Jewish-Christian Relations and Israel
Authors: Kasimow Harold
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Stanislaw Dziwisz and David Rosen. Brothers Reunited: Catholic-Jewish Dialogue
Authors: Modras Ronald
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Suzanne Vromen. Hidden Children of the Holocaust: Belgian Nuns and Their Daring Rescue of Young Jews from the Nazis
Authors: Berger Alan L.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Derek Hastings. Catholicism and the Roots of Nazism: Religious Identity and National Socialism
Authors: Ruff Mark Edward
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Thomas A. Robinson. Ignatius of Antioch and the Parting of the Ways: Early Jewish-Christian Relations
Authors: Vuong Lily
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
The State of the Global Catholic-Jewish Dialogue
Authors: Pawlikowski,, OSM John T.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
The “Johannine Prayer” that Never Really Was
Authors: Watson Murray K.
Published: October 2013

Since 1965, a moving “prayer of contrition” for the sins of Catholics against Jews throughout the centuries has circulated in various forms and languages in numerous Jewish and Christian publications and Web sites. The prayer, allegedly composed by the dying Pope John XXIII for worldwide recitation, was already called into question in the 1960s by commentators close to the late Pope familiar with his writings. In more recent years, investigations into the authorship of the prayer have concluded with reasonable certainty that its origins actually lie with the Irish-born Jesuit priest and scholar Malachi Martin, a Vatican II insider whose concern for promoting Jewish-Catholic relations apparently extended to the point of “ghost-writing” this prayer. This article examines both the popularity and influence of this prayer, and some of the evidence that points to Martin (and not John XXIII) as its source.
Introduction to Golden Age Conference Proceedings
Authors: Ray Jonathan , Elukin Jonathan
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
The Cathedral of Bourges: A Witness to Judeo-Christian Dialogue in Medieval Berry
Authors: Jennings Margaret
Published: October 2013

Begun in 1195, just one year after Chartres, and essentially finished thirty-seven years later, the high Gothic Cathedral of Saint Stephen at Bourges en Berry rose at an auspicious time for Jewish-Christian relations. Several factors impacted positively on the latter. Among them are Berry's position in central France, far from anti-Jewish centers, the Cathedral's deacon, William of Bourges, a renowned scholar and converted Jew, and the cadre of Christian Hebraists, nourished and developed by Deacon William, who disseminated respect for Jewish tradition. The usually ephemeral "respect" was translated at Bourges into several physical structures at the growing cathedral where, in glass and stone, the dialogue between the communions was imaged. Of the many illustrations of this testimony, three are noteworthy: the cathedral's large clerestory windows are assigned in equal numbers to representatives of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures; its decoration, especially in possibly incendiary scenes like the stoning of Stephen, abjures the hate-filled faces found in other venues; most significantly, its spandrel sculptures, just above eye-level on the Western end, portray various characters and events from Creation through Noah according to the rich perspective of the midrash. Unfortunately, the building campaigns at the cathedral and the respectful interaction between Jews and Christians ceased at almost the same time; nevertheless, St. Stephen's still stands as a witness to its once vibrant presence.
Whose Golden Age? Some Thoughts on Jewish-Christian Relations in Medieval Iberia
Authors: Ray Jonathan
Published: October 2013

The medieval period in Spanish history has alternately been cast as a Golden Age of interfaith harmony and an example of the ultimate incompatibility of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities.  In this essay, I suggest that a better way to understand interfaith relations in medieval Iberia is to think about these religious communities in less monolithic terms.   With regard to Jewish-Christian relations in particular, factors such as wealth, social standing, and intellectual interests were as important as religious identity in shaping the complex bonds between Christians and Jews.
Michael Bachmann. Anti-Judaism in Galatians? Exegetical Studies on a Polemical Letter and on Paul’s Theology
Authors: Garroway Joshua D.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Jonathan Frankel and Ezra Mendelsohn, editors. The Protestant-Jewish Conundrum (Studies in Contemporary Jewry, Vol. XXIV)
Authors: Soloff Emily D.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
The Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Jewish Community
Authors: Harris Robert A.
Published: October 2013

This article addresses an essay, published in 2001 by John Van Engen, entitled "Ralph of Flaix:  The Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Christian Community.”  Ralph’s voluminous commentary, composed and published in the mid-twelfth century, aimed, in Van Engen’s words, at “refuting Jewish arguments” about the biblical book and the nature of the levitical law, particularly as these arguments might influence young Christian clerics who were “fascinated and troubled by a close reading of the biblical text.”The present article examines three rabbinic commentaries on Leviticus roughly contemporary with Ralph, those of Rashi, Rashbam and R. Joseph Bekhor Shor.  Through examining the “close reading” through which these three exegetes interpreted specific biblical texts, the article considers whether or not they presented what might be considered as “the Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Jewish Community” and as such conveyed what may have been the types of arguments with which Ralph was in conversation.The article does not attempt to provide a direct correspondence between specific Jewish and Christian exegetes.  Rather, the article suggests that the content and form of 12th century Jewish and Christian biblical exegesis bespeak a type of conversation among those using the literary genre of “commentary writing,” and that it is possible to gain an understanding of the contours of that conversation through analysis of the commentaries they wrote.  Additionally, the article examines ways in which medieval Jewish exegetes may have advanced arguments in their commentaries that were intended to sustain the Jewish community in their observances and belief structures in the presence of Christian hegemony.
Robert Eisen. The Peace and Violence of Judaism: From the Bible to Modern Zionism
Authors: Leighton Christopher
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Kevin M. Schultz. Tri-Faith America: How Catholics and Jews Held Postwar America to its Protestant Promise
Authors: Kaell Hillary
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Chris Boesel. Risking Proclamation, Respecting Difference: Christian Faith, Imperialistic Discourse, and Abraham
Authors: Ochs Peter
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Matthew Thiessen. Contesting Conversation: Genealogy, Circumcision and Identity in Ancient Judaism and Christianity
Authors: Kaminsky Joel S.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Heroic Collective Action: A People's Blessing?
Authors: Bernauer, SJ James
Published: October 2013

Is the tendency to think of heroism as the activity of an individual rather than of a collective merely a matter of prejudice?  Perhaps the European revolutions of 1989 and the Arab Spring of 2011 will foster more careful scrutiny of that assumption.  Are the heroic figures so often featured in journalistic as well as historical accounts only individuals who are witnesses to a communal transformation and empowerment?  Will a greater appreciation for heroic collective action promote a more nuanced perspective on the development of Jewish-Christian relations?  The author proposes a shift of focus to communal heroism through an examination of four examples: the Yad Vashem project of recognizing the "Righteous among the Nations"; the Hungarian Revolution; the historical development of religious toleration; and, finally, the place that the Holocaust has taken on in contemporary reflection.
What if There is Life on Other Planets? Reflections on Kurt Cardinal Koch's Inaugural Lecture
Authors: Svartvik Jesper
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Ruth Langer. Cursing the Christians? A History of the Birkat HaMinim
Authors: Leonhard Clemens
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Editors' Introduction: Koch Symposium
Authors: Langer Ruth , Spicer, CSC Kevin
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
A Catholic Theology of the Land?: The State of the Question
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: October 2013

This article contends that forming a Catholic theology that engages the centrality of Eretz Yisrael for Jews is a pressing need in interreligious relations today. It outlines the historical and religious reasons why such a theology does not presently exist. It then sets forth the parameters within which this development should proceed by referring to the last half-century of Catholic teaching on biblical interpretation and on the covenantal status of the Jewish people. Neither a "fundamentalist" transposition of ancient land promises into today's world nor a backsliding to supersessionist models are acceptable.
Some Aspects of Rabbinic Literature on Holy Land and Covenant
Authors: Visotzky Burton L.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Brooks Schramm and Kirsi I. Stjerna. Martin Luther, the Bible, and the Jewish People: A Reader. Eric W. Gritsch. Martin Luther's Anti-Semitism: Against His Better Judgment
Authors: Sherman Franklin
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Robert A. Ventresca. Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII
Authors: Cucchiara Martina
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Checkpoint proteins come under scrutiny
Authors: Mora-Santos Maria , Millar Jonathan BA
Published: October 2013

Details are emerging of the interactions between the kinetochore and various spindle checkpoint proteins that ensure that sister chromatids are equally divided between daughter cells during cell division.
Electromagnetic field in matter. Surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Apostol M. , Ilie S. , Petrut A. , Savu M. , Toba S.
Published: October 2013

The polarization and magnetization degrees of freedom are included in the general treatment of the electromagnetic field in matter, and their governing equations are given. Particular cases of solutions are discussed for polarizable, non-magnetic matter, including quasi-static fields, surface plasmons, propagation, zero-point fluctuations of the eigenmodes, especially for a semi-infinite homogeneous body (half-space). The van der Waals London-Casimir force acting between a neutral nano-particle and a half-space is computed and the response of this electromagnetically coupled system to an external field is given, with relevance for the surface enhanced Raman scattering.
A Reflection on a Cross-Cultural Internship for International Students Studying Outside their Homeland
Authors: Banks Joy
Published: October 2013

Using internship experiences to instruct international students in the acquisition of improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes relating to individuals with disabilities in developing nations is one approach to increase the possibility that individuals with disabilities are provided equitable education. An Associate's Degree Program provided by The Catholic University of America in Belgium for students from developing countries was designed to accomplish these goals. This investigation examines the components of the internship that contributed to students' transformations, which were monitored through collaborative Blackboard discussions, mentor comments, film clips, and collaborative class discussions. Findings reflect positive increases toward professional and personal dispositions.
Radiologic Patterning of Joint Damage to the Foot in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Matsumoto Takumi , Nakamura Ichiro , Miura Ayumi , Momoyama Gen , Ito Katsumi
Published: October 2013

Objective

Foot and ankle deformities greatly affect the quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of destruction of the RA foot and its impact on patients.

Methods

We cross‐sectionally investigated RA patients (274 patients and 542 feet) using radiographs. The grade of joint destruction was assigned using Larsen's grading system for 12 joints in the foot and ankle. Cluster analysis was performed using the K‐means method to classify the pattern of joint destruction. Of the 274 patients evaluated radiographically, 212 were assessed for functional disability using questionnaires.

Results

Cluster analysis revealed that 542 feet were divided into 5 clusters, named according to the characteristic distribution of joint destruction: cluster I (normal type), cluster II (forefoot type), cluster III (midfoot type), cluster IV (mid‐hindfoot type), and cluster V (combined type). Radiographic measurements revealed the characteristic deformities of each cluster: splay foot for cluster II, flat foot for cluster III, hindfoot malalignment for cluster IV, and mixtures of these characteristics for cluster V. A distribution map of each cluster based on disease duration revealed that cluster III peaked in cases of 5–10‐year disease duration and subsequently decreased, followed by a gradual increase of cluster IV and cluster V. Cluster IV and cluster V showed significant changes in functional disability compared to cluster III.

Conclusion

This report is the first to reveal the pattern of RA foot deformities and their impact on patients using statistical measures in a large series.
Cost Effectiveness of Training Rural Providers to Perform Joint Injections
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Battistone Michael J. , Ashworth William D. , Barker Andrea M. , Grotzke Marissa , Huhtala Timothy A. , LaFleur Joanne , Tashjian Robert Z. , Cannon Grant W.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Community‐based outpatient clinics (CBOCs) have been established by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide primary care services to veterans living in remote and rural regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of training rural primary care providers to perform knee injections in CBOCs, thereby avoiding referring the patient to an urban medical center for an injection by rheumatology or orthopedic specialists.

Methods

We developed a decision‐analysis model to compare costs and outcomes between rural providers who are trained to perform knee injections versus those who are not trained, therefore requiring a referral to a specialist to provide the injections. The model was run separately using costs from the perspective of the VA as well from the patient's perspective. The effectiveness outcome was quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed using 10,000 second‐order Monte Carlo simulations.

Results

In our base‐case analyses, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for trained rural providers was $21,190/QALY using costs from the perspective of the VA and $205/QALY using costs from the patient's perspective. Training rural providers was cost effective in 74.4% and 93.6% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000/QALY from the perspectives of the VA and the patient, respectively.

Conclusion

Training rural providers to perform knee injections for patients with knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis appears cost effective using the commonly used threshold of $50,000/QALY if more than 20 such patients per year are seen at rural primary care clinics. These results provide support for our ongoing efforts to implement such a training program.
Cardiac Tissue Characterization and the Diagnostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Mavrogeni Sophie , Sfikakis Petros P. , Gialafos Elias , Bratis Konstantinos , Karabela Georgia , Stavropoulos Efthymios , Spiliotis Georgios , Sfendouraki Eliza , Panopoulos Stylianos , Bournia Vasiliki , Kolovou Genovefa , Kitas George D.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in connective tissue diseases (CTDs) remains challenging. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) demonstrates cardiac lesions in symptomatic CTD patients with normal echocardiography.

Methods

CMR from 246 CTD patients with typical cardiac symptoms (TCS; n = 146, group A) or atypical cardiac symptoms (ATCS; n = 100, group B) was retrospectively evaluated. Group A included 9 patients with inflammatory myopathy (IM), 35 with sarcoidosis, 30 with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 14 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 10 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 48 with small vessel vasculitis. Group B included 25 patients with RA, 20 with SLE, 20 with sarcoidosis, 15 with SSc, 10 with IM, and 10 with small vessel vasculitis. CMR was performed by 1.5T; left ventricular ejection fraction, T2 ratio (edema imaging), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE; fibrosis imaging) were evaluated. Acute and chronic lesions were characterized as LGE positive plus T2 ratio >2 and T2 ratio ≤2, respectively. According to LGE, lesions were characterized as diffuse subendocardial, subepicardial, and subendocardial/transmural due to vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction, respectively. A stress study by dobutamine echocardiography or stress, nuclear, or adenosine CMR was performed in CTD patients with negative rest CMR.

Results

Abnormal CMR was identified in 32% (27% chronic) and 15% (12% chronic) of patients with TCS and ATCS, respectively. Lesions due to vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction were evident in 27.4%, 62.6%, and 9.6% of CTD patients, respectively. Stress studies in CTD patients with negative CMR revealed coronary artery disease in 20%.

Conclusion

CMR in symptomatic CTD patients with normal echocardiography can assess disease acuity and identify vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction.
Comparison of Interfacial Reactions Between AlSi7Mg and Alumina Filter After Casting and Spark Plasma Sintering**
Authors: Salomon Anton , Zienert Tilo , Voigt Claudia , Jäckel Eva , Fabrichnaya Olga , Rafaja David , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: October 2013

So‐called “small impingement tests” were performed with alumina ceramic foam filters and melt of the aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg (A356). A second set of samples was produced using the “spark plasma sintering” (SPS). After solidification, the resulting interface formation between metal melt and ceramic was compared to evaluate differences between the impingement test that is very close to industrial metal melt filtration conditions and the powder metallurgical SPS process without convection of the liquid metal. The melt generation and interface formation during SPS was characterized by high heating rates of up to 1500 K min−1, holding times of 1 min up to 60 min and fast cooling. Using energy and wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, indications for spinel (MgAl2O4) were found at the original interface between AlSi7Mg melt and the alumina filter. Thermodynamic calculations were conducted and spinel formation was confirmed. It was demonstrated that SPS could serve as a fast and reliable tool to facilitate the reactions that occur at metal melt/ceramic interfaces during filtration.
Facile Generation of L10‐FePt Nanodot Arrays from a Nanopatterned Metallopolymer Blend of Iron and Platinum Homopolymers
Authors: Dong Qingchen , Li Guijun , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Leung Chi‐Wah , Pong Philip Wing‐Tat , Manners Ian , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: October 2013

Hard ferromagnetic (L10 phase) FePt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with extremely high magnetocrystalline anisotropy are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of ultrahigh‐density data storage system. The question of how to generate ordered patterns of L10‐FePt NPs and how to transform the technology for practical applications represents a key current challenge. Here the direct synthesis of L10 phase FePt NPs by pyrolysis of Fe‐containing and Pt‐containing metallopolymer blend without post‐annealing treatment is reported. Rapid single‐step fabrication of large‐area nanodot arrays (periodicity of 500 nm) of L10‐ordered FePt NPs can also be achieved by employing the metallopolymer blend, which possesses excellent solubility in most organic solvents and good solution processability, as the precursor through nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging of the nanodot pattern indicates that the patterned L10 phase FePt NPs are capable of exhibiting decent magnetic response, which suggests a great potential to be utilized directly in the fabrication of bit patterned media (BPM) for the next generation of magnetic recording technology.
GeOx/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries: Enhanced Capacity via Reversible Utilization of Li2O along with Improved Rate Performance
Authors: Lv Dongping , Gordin Mikhail L. , Yi Ran , Xu Terrence , Song Jiangxuan , Jiang Ying‐Bing , Choi Daiwon , Wang Donghai
Published: October 2013

A self‐assembled GeOx/reduced graphene oxide (GeOx/RGO) composite, where GeOx nanoparticles are grown directly on reduced graphene oxide sheets, is synthesized via a facile one‐step reduction approach and studied by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy elemental mapping, and other techniques. Electrochemical evaluation indicates that incorporation of reduced graphene oxide enhances both the rate capability and reversible capacity of GeOx, with the latter being due to the RGO enabling reversible utilization of Li2O. The composite delivers a high reversible capacity of 1600 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and still maintains a capacity of 410 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1. Owing to the flexible reduced graphene oxide sheets enwrapping the GeOx particles, the cycling stability of the composite is also improved significantly. To further demonstrate its feasibility in practical applications, the synthesized GeOx/RGO composite anode is successfully paired with a high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode to form a full cell, which shows good cycling and rate performance.
Crystal Size, Morphology, and Growth Mechanism in Bio‐Inspired Apatite Nanocrystals
Authors: Delgado‐López José Manuel , Frison Ruggero , Cervellino Antonio , Gómez‐Morales Jaime , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto
Published: October 2013

Bio‐inspired apatite nanoparticles precipitated in the presence of citrate ions at increasing maturation times are characterized in terms of structure, size, morphology, and composition through advanced X‐ray total scattering techniques. The origin of the platy crystal morphology, breaking the hexagonal symmetry, and the role of citrate ions is explored. By cross‐coupling the size and shape information of crystal domains with those obtained by atomic force microscopy on multidomain nanoparticles, a plausible mechanism underlying the amorphous‐to‐crystal transformation is reconstructed. In the present study, citrate plays the distinct roles of inducing the platy morphology of the amorphous precursor and controlling the thickness of the Ca‐deficient apatite nanocrystals. These findings can open new scenarios also in bone mineralization, where citrate might have a broader role to play than has been thought to date.
Combined Surface Micropatterning and Reactive Chemistry Maximizes Tissue Adhesion with Minimal Inflammation
Authors: Pereira Maria J. N. , Sundback Cathryn A. , Lang Nora , Cho Woo Kyung , Pomerantseva Irina , Ouyang Ben , Tao Sarah L. , McHugh Kevin , Mwizerwa Olive , Vemula Praveen K. , Mochel Mark C. , Carter David J. , Borenstein Jeffrey T. , Langer Robert , Ferreira Lino S. , Karp Jeffrey M. , Masiakos Peter T.
Published: October 2013

The use of tissue adhesives for internal clinical applications is limited due to a lack of materials that balance strong adhesion with biocompatibility. The use of substrate topography is explored to reduce the volume of a highly reactive and toxic glue without compromising adhesive strength. Micro‐textured patches coated with a thin layer of cyanoacrylate glue achieve similar adhesion levels to patches employing large amounts of adhesive, and is superior to the level of adhesion achieved when a thin coating is applied to a non‐textured patch. In vivo studies demonstrate reduced tissue inflammation and necrosis for patterned patches with a thinly coated layer of reactive glue, thus overcoming a significant challenge with existing tissue adhesives such as cyanoacrylate. Closure of surgical stomach and colon defects in a rat model is achieved without abdominal adhesions. Harnessing the synergy between surface topography and reactive chemistry enables controlled tissue adhesion with an improved biocompatibility profile without requiring changes in the chemical composition of reactive tissue glues.
25th Anniversary Article: A Decade of Organic/Polymeric Photovoltaic Research
Authors: Dou Letian , You Jingbi , Hong Ziruo , Xu Zheng , Li Gang , Street Robert A. , Yang Yang
Published: October 2013

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology has been developed and improved from a fancy concept with less than 1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) to over 10% PCE, particularly through the efforts in the last decade. The significant progress is the result of multidisciplinary research ranging from chemistry, material science, physics, and engineering. These efforts include the design and synthesis of novel compounds, understanding and controlling the film morphology, elucidating the device mechanisms, developing new device architectures, and improving large‐scale manufacture. All of these achievements catalyzed the rapid growth of the OPV technology. This review article takes a retrospective look at the research and development of OPV, and focuses on recent advances of solution‐processed materials and devices during the last decade, particular the polymer version of the materials and devices. The work in this field is exciting and OPV technology is a promising candidate for future thin film solar cells.
Molecular Iodine‐Mediated Cascade Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde and Indole: An Easy Access to Tetracyclic Indoloazulene Derivatives
Authors: Gawande Sachin D. , Kavala Veerababurao , Zanwar Manoj R. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Huang Hsiu‐Ni , He Chiu‐Hui , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: October 2013

The synthesis of iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives was achieved from the reaction of 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and different indoles in the presence of molecular iodine. The reaction involves the formation of a bisindole from the corresponding 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehyde and indole followed by iodocyclization in a one‐pot cascade process. A wide range of 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and indoles were utilized in this protocol to derive a diverse range of iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives in moderate to good yields. Further functionalizations of the iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulenes were achieved by various palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions to generate highly substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives.

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Iodine‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of 2‐Sulfanylphenols via Oxidative Aromatization of Cyclohexanones and Disulfides
Authors: Ge Wenlei , Zhu Xun , Wei Yunyang
Published: October 2013

Iodine‐catalyzed intermolecular dehydrogenative aromatizations of six‐membered cyclohexanones for the selective synthesis of 2‐sulfanylphenols have been developed. Both aryl and alkyl disulfides can be used as sulfanylation reagents to give the desired products in good yields under the optimized reaction conditions. The catalytic reaction uses dimethyl sulfoxide or oxygen as the terminal oxidant and avoids the use of transition metal catalysts. In addition, α‐sulfanyl enones could also be obtained via an iodine‐catalyzed oxidative system from simple cyclic ketones using dimethyl sulfoxide as the oxidant.

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Race‐based job discrimination, disparities in job control, and their joint effects on health
Authors: Meyer John D
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To examine disparities between job control scores in Black and White subjects and attempt to discern whether self‐rated low job control in Blacks may arise from structural segregation into different jobs, or represents individual responses to race‐based discrimination in hiring or promotion.

Methods

Data from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) were analyzed by mixed‐effects linear regression and variance regression to determine the effects of grouping by occupation, and racial discrimination in hiring or promotion, on control scores from the Job Content Questionnaire in Black and White subjects. Path analyses were constructed to determine the mediating effect of discrimination on pathways from education and job control to self‐rated health.

Results

Black subjects exhibited lower mean job control scores compared to Whites (mean score difference 2.26, P < 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, education, and income. This difference narrowed to 1.86 when adjusted for clustering by occupation, and was greatly reduced by conditioning on race‐based discrimination (score difference 1.03, P = 0.12). Path analyses showed greater reported discrimination in Blacks with increasing education, and a stronger effect of job control on health in Black subjects.

Conclusions

Individual racially‐based discrimination appears a stronger determinant than structural segregation in reduced job control in Black workers, and may contribute to health disparities consequent on work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:587–595, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya virus antibody prevalence among captive monkey (Macaca nemestrina) colonies of Northern Thailand
Authors: Nakgoi Khajornpong , Nitatpattana Narong , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Pongsopawijit Pornsawan , Kaewchot Supakarn , Yoksan Sutee , Siripolwat Voravit , Souris Marc , Gonzalez Jean‐Paul
Published: October 2013

The potential of macaque Macaca nemestrina leonina in Thailand to be infected by endemic arboviruses was assessed. The prevalence of antibodies of three arboviruses actively circulating in Thailand was determined by Plaque Reduction Neutralization assay procedures using samples from captive colonies in Northern Thailand. Out of 38 macaques, 9 (24%) presented reacting antibodies against dengue virus, 5 (13%) against Japanese encephalitis virus, and 4 (10%) against Chikungunya virus. Our results indicate that the northern pig‐tailed macaque in Thailand can be infected by these arboviruses, inferring therefore that their virus specific vectors have bitten them. Given that, northern pig‐tailed macaque represents an abundant population, living in close range to human or in peridomestic setting, they could play a role as potential reservoir host for arboviruses circulating in Thailand. Am. J. Primatol. 76:97–102, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of molar occlusion and mandibular morphology in adults in an ancient human population consuming a coarse diet
Authors: Mays Simon A.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of the study is to investigate the link between number of molar teeth retained in occlusion and mandibular morphology in adults in an ancient, high dental wear human population. The study material comprises skeletons from Mediaeval Wharram Percy, England (N = 50 female, 69 male adults). It was hypothesized that adults retaining fewer occluding molars would show reduction in mandibular dimensions, particularly in the ascending ramus and gonial regions where the main muscles of mastication have their insertions. Molar occlusal status is assessed using the concept of functional units. Mandibular morphology is assessed using a suite of ten linear measurements plus the mandibular angle. Results show no evidence for any association between number of molars retained in occlusion and mandibular angle. There was an association between mandibular size and number of molars retained in occlusion, with smaller mandibular dimensions in those retaining fewer occluding molars. Some measurements were affected more than others so that there was also some shape alteration. Alteration of mandibular dimensions was more clearly demonstrable in females than in males. Only in females could significant reduction in the ascending ramus and gonial regions be demonstrated. Reasons for the apparent difference in response to loss of molar occlusion between male and female mandibles are unclear, but sex differences in bony metabolism mediated by hormonal factors may be implicated. Results suggest that care should be exercised when including mandibles from individuals showing loss of molar occlusion in morphological studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:383–392, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic prednisone administration selectively alters granulocyte subsets in nasal polyps from aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease and chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Edward Justin A. , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Le Wei , Nguyen Alan L. , Kingdom Todd T. , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V.
Published: October 2013

Background

Nasal polyps (NPs) are hallmark inflammatory lesions of sinusitis. Despite the spectrum of NP conditions, cellular differences between NPs from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with NPs (CRSwNP) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are poorly understood. NPs are associated with abundant eosinophils; the contributions of neutrophil and basophil granulocytes are less defined. We therefore sought to assess granulocyte subpopulations, and differential effects following prednisone pretreatment, within NPs of CRSwNP and AERD patients.

Methods

NPs, adjacent ethmoid sinus tissue, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Samples from 5 cohorts: CRSwNP ± prednisone (n = 6 each), AERD ± prednisone (n = 6 each), and controls (n = 9), were analyzed by high‐dimensional flow cytometry to gate granulocyte populations. Specimens were also assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Results

Systemic prednisone administration was associated with a lower frequency of eosinophils (p< 0.0001, n = 6) in NPs in both CRSwNP and AERD patients, whereas a decrease in neutrophils (p= 0.0070, n = 6) in NPs was only observed in CRSwNP patients after prednisone treatment. In contrast, steroids do not alter basophil proportions (p= 0.48, n = 6) within NPs from either group. No significant shift in granulocyte subsets after steroid treatment was identified in the adjacent ethmoid mucosa or PBMCs from the same patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining supported these findings.

Conclusion

Granulocyte subpopulations are focally affected within NPs by systemic steroid exposure, without notable granulocyte alterations in the surrounding regional tissues. These data provide direct insights into the cellular effects of routine prednisone exposure in CRS patients, and highlight a unique microenvironment present within NP lesions.
The effect of head position on the distribution of topical nasal medication using the Mucosal Atomization Device: a cadaver study
Authors: Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Thamboo Andrew , Manji Jamil , Dar Santos Rachelle C. , Gan Eng Cern , Anstead Amy , Javer Amin R.
Published: October 2013

Background

The Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD) distributes medication throughout the paranasal sinuses for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Determining the optimal head position is important to ensure maximal delivery of medication to the sinus cavities. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the lying‐head‐back (LHB) and head‐down and forward (HDF) position, on the distribution of topical nasal medication via MAD in cadaver specimens.

Methods

Twenty specimens having received complete functional endoscopic sinus dissection were chosen. The MAD was used to administer 2 mL of fluorescein‐impregnated saline solution through the nose in both the LHB and HDF positions. Fluorescein was identified on 11 predetermined anatomical areas using a blue light filter. Three blinded investigators assessed endoscopic images to determine the presence of fluorescein.

Results

A total of 440 anatomical locations (n = 20 cadavers) received administration of the fluorescein nasal spray in the LHB or HDF position. LHB position had significantly greater total distribution to all pertinent anatomical sites than the HDF position (76% vs 41%; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.44). The proportion of staining was significantly greater for the ethmoid (p = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05–0.66), frontal (p < 0.01; 95% CI, 0.20–0.80), and sphenoid sinuses (p = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.07–0.73) when compared to the HDF position.

Conclusion

A greater distribution of medication to the sinonasal cavities was observed in the LHB position compared to the HDF position. These areas are of particular clinical relevance in postsurgical patients with refractory CRS.
C‐C‐Fragmentierung: Herkunft und jüngste Anwendungen
Authors: Drahl Michael A. , Manpadi Madhuri , Williams Lawrence J.
Published: October 2013

Sechzig Jahre sind vergangen, seit Eschenmoser und Frey den Archetyp der C‐C‐Fragmentierung beschrieben. Rasch folgten neue Fragmentierungen und mehrere Varianten des Originals. Viele dieser Variationen, einschließlich der Beckmann‐, Grob‐, Wharton‐, Marshall‐ und der Eschenmoser‐Tanabe‐Fragmentierungen, sowie weiteren, wurden im Laufe der Jahre in Übersichten besprochen, eine genaue Untersuchung des Ursprungs von Fragmentierungen steht aber noch aus. Vor kurzem tauchten neue nützliche Methoden auf, insbesondere Fragmentierungen, die zu Alkinen und Allenen führen, und solche Reaktionen wurden auf eine Reihe an komplexen Leitmotiven und Naturstoffe angewendet. Dieser Aufsatz verfolgt die Entwicklung der Fragmentierungen und bietet eine Zusammenfassung der Methoden, Anwendungen und neue Einblicke in heterolytische C‐C‐Fragmentierungen der letzten zwanzig Jahre.
Porous crystals as active catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates
Authors: Zhu Minqi , Carreon Moises A.
Published: October 2013

The utilization of CO2 as a renewable raw material for the production of chemicals is an area of great societal importance. In particular, the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates, which are useful chemical intermediates used for the production of plastics and organic solvents, represents an appealing approach for the efficient use of CO2. Microporous crystals, such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks, and ordered mesoporous phases have emerged as novel porous materials that combine highly desirable properties, such as uniform pores on the microscale and mesoscale, high surface areas, flexible chemistries, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability; this makes them ideal candidates for catalytic applications. In this review, representative examples demonstrating the catalytic ability of these porous materials for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 are presented. The fundamental structure/catalysis relationships of these porous phases in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39738.
Properties of waterborne polyurethane‐fluorinated marine coatings: The effect of different types of diisocyanates and tetrafluorobutanediol chain extender content
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Lee Inwon , Chun Ho‐Hwan , Kim Han Do , Park Hyun
Published: October 2013

Three series of waterborne polyurethane‐ (WBPU) fluorinated coatings were prepared with single aliphatic (4,4′‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, H12MDI), aromatic (4,4′‐diphenylmethane, MDI) and a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates (1 : 1). Different contents of 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro1,4‐butanediol (TFBD) as a chain extender were used in the WBPU coatings. The fluoro‐enriched surface of the WBPU coatings was obtained with a combination of a high TFBD content (8.77 mol %) as well as the aliphatic or mixed diisocyanates. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break (%) and adhesive strength were characterized with respect to the TFBD contents. The mechanical strength and adhesive strength increased with increasing TFBD content in the three series. In artificial salt water, the maximum adhesive strength of WBPU was observed for this coating, which was achieved by TFBD bonded H12MDI of mixed diisocyanates with a higher TFBD content (8.77 mol %). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39905.
Thermoelectric performance of electrodeposited nanostructured polyaniline doped with sulfo‐salicylic acid
Authors: Chatterjee Krishanu , Mitra Mousumi , Ganguly Saibal , Kargupta Kajari , Banerjee Dipali
Published: October 2013

Conducting polymers, in present days, are considered to be potential thermoelectric (TE) materials. Among them polyaniline (PANI) is a promising candidate. Nanostructured polyaniline doped with organic dopant is electrodeposited and structurally characterized. Its transport properties are investigated for thermoelectric applications. The analysis of transmission electron microscopy image reveals that the sample is rod like nanostructure. This study shows that the type (inorganic/organic) of dopants plays an important role to influence the dimension of nanostructure and the electrical transport properties of PANI. In this study, organic dopant sulfosalicylic acid is proposed for enhancement of figure of merit through an increase in thermoelectric power and decrease in thermal conductivity. Compared to our earlier work the figure of merit evaluated is two orders higher than that of the inorganic dopant bismuth nitrate doped PANI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39920.