bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Zone Science in the Anthropocene: Opportunities for biogeographic and ecological theory and praxis to drive earth science integration
Authors: Minor Jesse , Pearl Jessie K , Barnes Mallory L , Colella Tony R , Murphy Patrick C , Mann Sarina , Barron-Gafford Greg A
Published: July 2019

Critical Zone Science (CZS) represents a powerful confluence of research agendas, tools, and techniques for examining the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors located at the interface of the Earth’s surface and shallow subsurface. Earth’s Critical Zone houses and sustains terrestrial life, and its interacting subsystems drive macroecological patterns and processes at a variety of spatial scales. Despite the analytical power of CZS to understand and characterize complicated rate-dependent processes, CZS has done less to capture the effects of disturbance and anthropogenic influences on Critical Zone processes, although some Critical Zone Observatories focus on disturbance and regeneration. Methodological approaches from biogeography and ecology show promise for providing Critical Zone researchers with tools for incorporating the effects of ecological and anthropogenic disturbance into fine-grained studies of important Earth processes. Similarly, mechanistic insights from CZS can inform biogeographical and ecological interpretations of pattern and process that operate over extensive spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, we illustrate the potential for productive nexus opportunities between CZS, biogeography, and ecology through use of an integrated model of energy and mass flow through various subsystems of the Earth’s Critical Zone. As human-induced effects on biotic and abiotic components of global ecosystems accelerate in the Anthropocene, we argue that the long temporal and broad spatial scales traditionally studied in biogeography can be constructively combined with the quantifiable processes of energy and mass transfer through the Critical Zone to answer pressing questions about future trajectories of land cover change, post-disturbance recovery, climate change impacts, and urban hydrology and ecology.
A History of the Future: Carolyn Wood Sherif, Equitable Knowledge, and Feminist Psychology
Authors: Marecek Jeanne
Published: July 2019

Writing some 40 years ago, Carolyn Wood Sherif left a legacy of critical reflections on the fledgling field of feminist psychology. Here I read her work, not as a record of the past, but with an eye to the future. In the two works I consider in this essay, Sherif offered a scrutiny of the knowledge-producing practices and social relations of the psychology of her time, as well as an agenda for feminist research practice. I draw on Ludwik Fleck’s sociology of science to reflect on Sherif’s thoughts. For Fleck, scientific communities are thought collectives with characteristic styles of thinking that come to seem like objective reality. Sherif took issue with many thought styles of orthodox psychology, particularly the dicta that limited psychological inquiry to narrow space-time frameworks, thus erasing culture, history, and social structure. In addition, Sherif advocated for a critical consciousness of the institutional relations of psychology, in particular the ways that psychology buttressed and was buttressed by the military. Sherif’s concerns remain urgent today. I urge readers to join epistemological debates and boundary-crossing conversations. I also call on readers to join with social critics in examining the discipline’s place as a social institution.
Type synthesis of parallel mechanisms capturing wave energy
Authors: Chen Weixing , Meng Xiangdun , Li Ye , Gao Feng
Published: July 2019

Wave energy is clean, renewable, and abundant, awaiting exploitation. A wide range of wave energy converters have been proposed so far. Oscillating body systems are an important class of wave energy converters. Many mechanisms have been invented to absorb the random wave energy. Nowadays, there is a lack of method to design the mechanism for oscillating body systems to extract the wave energy. Parallel mechanism has the advantages of high stiffness and high load, which are suitable for design of the mechanism for wave energy converters. In this paper, a procedural method based on the generalized function ( G F) sets theory is proposed to design parallel mechanisms to capture wave energy. Using this method, numerous parallel mechanisms have been obtained, which provides the foundation of the development of wave energy converters.
Forgetting Is a Feature, Not a Bug: Intentionally Forgetting Some Things Helps Us Remember Others by Freeing Up Working Memory Resources
Authors: Popov Vencislav , Marevic Ivan , Rummel Jan , Reder Lynne M.
Published: July 2019

In the present study, we used an item-method directed-forgetting paradigm to test whether instructions to forget or remember one item affect memory for subsequently studied items. In two experiments ( Ns = 138 and 33, respectively), recall was higher when a word pair was preceded during study by a to-be-forgotten word pair. This effect was cumulative: Performance increased when more preceding study items were to be forgotten. The effect decreased when memory was conditioned on instructions for items appearing farther back in the study list. Experiment 2 used a dual-task paradigm that suppressed, during encoding, verbal rehearsal or attentional refreshing. Neither task removed the effect, ruling out that rehearsal or attentional borrowing is responsible for the advantage conferred from previous to-be-forgotten items. We propose that memory formation depletes a limited resource that recovers over time and that to-be-forgotten items consume fewer resources, leaving more resources available for storing subsequent items. A computational model implementing the theory provided excellent fits to the data.
Un village français: Imagining lives in occupied France
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: July 2019

In cooperation with Jean-Pierre Azéma, Frédéric Krivine conceived of the television series, Un village français, as a way to present the lives of a diversity of individuals in particular historical situations during and immediately following the German Occupation of France. This article examines the motivations and choices of collaborators, resisters and fence-sitters, terms used to make sense of and to judge individuals at the time and by viewers today. In line with the recent work of academic historians, the achievement of the series is to encourage the French public to understand and to interpret these concepts in fruitful new ways by rethinking the personal and the political, and their relationship in the lives of individuals during the Occupation and at Liberation.
Pain in the Acute Aftermath of Stalking: Associations With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Cognitions
Authors: Morris Matthew C. , Bailey Brooklynn , Ruiz Ernesto
Published: July 2019

This longitudinal study examined whether posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, and ongoing cyberstalking exposures were independently associated with changes in pain outcomes among 82 young adult women with recent exposure to stalking. Multilevel models indicated that higher sensory pain intensity and pain-related interference were associated with more negative cognitions about the self. Higher affective pain intensity was associated with higher posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Cyberstalking exposures were not associated with pain intensity or pain-related interference. Results reveal persistent pain complaints in recent stalking victims and highlight distinct psychological risk factors for pain intensity and pain-related interference.
Image-Based Sexual Abuse: Online Distribution Channels and Illicit Communities of Support
Authors: Henry Nicola , Flynn Asher
Published: July 2019

This article investigates the nature and scope of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) material on 77 high-volume online websites. On the majority of these sites, users appeared to be motivated by sexual gratification and proving masculinity to a sexually deviant peer network, rather than revenge against the person depicted in the image. We argue that nonconsensual image exchanges are contextualized within ever-expanding digital environments, characterized by dislocation of time and space, overvisualization, and hypersexuality. We argue that IBSA is a vehicle for the construction, performativity, and negotiation of hypermasculinity and heteronormativity, within the bounds and structures of existing gendered power relations.
Tourism and poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Lei , Xia Xin
Published: July 2019

This study empirically examines whether tourism affects poverty reduction based on the panel data of Chinese provinces for the period from 1999 to 2014. Using more comprehensive Foster–Greer–Thorbecke index to decompose poverty into three indices, namely, headcount ratio, poverty gap, and poverty severity, we investigate the relationship between tourism and poverty indices within a single framework. The empirical analysis indicates that tourism has a positive effect on poverty reduction and the concomitant inequality in the distribution of income among the poor could weaken the poverty reduction effect of tourism. China’s western provinces confirm a stronger relationship between tourism and poverty reduction, although the effect of tourism on poverty in the eastern provinces is nearly negligible. We also identify possible mechanisms by which tourism may have an impact on poverty. The results provide empirical evidence to provide an improved assessment of the pro-poor effect of tourism in China.
Interacting with parents in Sweden who hesitate or refrain from vaccinating their child
Authors: Rudolfsson Gudrun , Karlsson Veronika
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of encountering parents who are hesitant about or refrain from vaccinating their child. A qualitative approach was chosen and data collected through individual, semi-structured interviews with 12 nurses. The text was analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the interviews: giving room and time for acknowledging parents’ insecurity concerning vaccination, striving to approach the parents’ position with tact, and a struggle between feelings of failure and respect for the parents’ view. The findings indicate that it was crucial to give time, be tactful when meeting parents, as well as to appear credible and up-to-date. The nurses wanted to be open and respect the parents’ views on vaccination but found it difficult and frustrating to be unable to reach out with their message because their quest was to protect the child.
On-site airflow measurement of a laboratory fume hood using customized large-scale image-based velocimetry
Authors: Schuster Romain , Heitz Dominique , Georgeault Philippe , Mémin Etienne
Published: July 2019

This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting on-site large-scale image-based measurements for indoor airflows characterisation. To illustrate the potential of our method, we chose to study the suction flow generated by a laboratory fume hood in operating conditions. As a matter of fact, laboratory fume hoods are frequently subject to routine checks during which air speed measurements by hot-wire anemometry are performed. However, classical point-to-point hot-wire anemometry may be not sufficient to detect and locate potential leakages. To improve these controls, we developed and tested a new method based on particle image velocimetry principles, which is non-intrusive and authorizes a good spatio-temporal analysis. To face large-scale and on-site issues, we had to make some adaptations. For this reason, we used tracers like bubbles or smoke which have good scattering properties. We also developed our own low-cost light system. To compute velocities from image sequences, we developed an optical flow algorithm based on a large-scale flow model instead of using traditional correlation. The tested method gave good results with a good agreement with sparse hot-wire anemometry measurements but with a wider spatial distribution. In addition, the method provided turbulence intensity estimation and a good monitoring of dynamic flow features, which is important for the detection of leakages.
The changing role of the marketing researcher in the age of digital technology: Practitioner perspectives on the digitization of marketing research
Authors: Cluley Robert , Green William , Owen Richard
Published: July 2019

After years of hype, marketing researchers are now facing the challenge of integrating new digital technologies into their work. Based on an analysis of 44 key informant interviews with marketing research practitioners, the study develops a framework to describe the main benefits and challenges of digital technologies in marketing research, as perceived by marketing researchers themselves. It highlights successful strategies that have been employed to exploit digital technologies and suggests that the role of the market researcher is changing in the age of digital data. The marketing researcher of the future must fulfill the roles of being a social scientist and a storyteller. In both cases, although researchers may need to develop technical skills, it is also essential that they develop the ability to engage their clients, add value, and interpret data. Implications for industry and academia are discussed.
Compared to What? A Meta-Analysis of Batterer Intervention Studies Using Nontreated Controls or Comparisons
Authors: Cheng Shih-Ying , Davis Maxine , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Yaeger Lauren
Published: July 2019

This meta-analysis updates the literature on the effectiveness of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) in decreasing recidivism of domestic violence (DV) by focusing on studies with nontreated comparison groups ( N = 17). Included studies were published between 1986 and 2016, and 14 of the 17 provided sufficient information for the meta-analysis. Analysis focused on three reported outcomes: DV recidivism reported by the criminal justice system, intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration assessed by the survivor, and general offense recidivism reported by the criminal justice system. Results of meta-analysis indicated that BIPs were effective in decreasing DV recidivism and general offense recidivism when reported by the criminal justice system, but not when assessed by the survivor. BIP participants were about 3 times less likely to have DV recidivism and about 2.5 times less likely to have general offense recidivism, compared to nontreated control/comparison groups. The pooled effect size varied, however, by research design. Specifically, results indicated a nonsignificant pooled effect size for randomized controlled trials but a significant pooled effect size for quasi-experimental design studies. Implications for future practice and research are discussed.
Unwanted Sexual Attention in the Night-Time Economy: Behaviors, Safety Strategies, and Conceptualizing “Feisty Femininity”
Authors: Gunby Clare , Carline Anna , Taylor Stuart , Gosling Helena
Published: July 2019

Almost nothing is known about “unwanted sexual attention” and women’s navigation of it when in bars and nightclubs. Using focus group discussions, this article addresses that gap. It develops knowledge of the behaviors that constitute unwanted, the safety strategies used to manage them, and examines how these practices underpin gender performance in night-time spaces: environments renowned for the dilemmas they pose to women. We then use these data to develop the concept “feisty femininity” to highlight a neglected form of femininity that overtly resists unwanted encounters. This femininity can arguably play a role in efforts aimed at ending gendered violence.
Hybrid versus in vitro fenestration for preserving the left subclavian artery in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair with unfavorable proximal landing zone
Authors: Wang Maohua , Dong Dianning , Yuan Hai , Wang Mo , Wu Xuejun , Zhang Shiyi , Zhong Zhenyue , Jin Xing , Zhang Jingyong
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To compare hybrid and in vitro fenestration procedures for preserving the left subclavian artery in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with unfavorable proximal landing zone.

Methods

Retrospective comparison of data from 49 consecutive patients who underwent left subclavian artery revascularization during TEVAR by either hybrid or fenestration approaches from January 2015 to March 2018. Procedural duration, and 30-day rates of procedural success, mortality and complications (endoleaks, cerebral infarction, spinal cord ischemia, left arm ischemic symptoms, and delirium) were compared.

Results

For hybrid procedure ( n = 32) vs. fenestration ( n = 17) groups, which were age and gender matched: procedural success rate was 100%, with significantly longer procedural duration (248.4 ± 40.9 vs. 60.6 ± 16.8 min; t = –22.653, P = 0.000) and similar 30-day complication rate (18.8% vs. 11.8%; χ2 = 0.397, P = 0.529). At 12.7 ± 9.3 months’ follow-up, there were no cases of death, spinal cord ischemia, or other complications in either group.

Conclusions

In this retrospective, single-center comparison, both hybrid and in vitro fenestration approaches for reconstructing the left subclavian artery in TEVAR with unfavorable proximal landing zone appeared safe and effective, with shorter procedural duration for fenestration. Larger studies with longer term follow-up are warranted.
Reaffirmation of the importance of follow-up ultrasound studies in patients with high D-dimers and clinical suspicion of vein thrombosis
Authors: Tung-Chen Y , Pizarro I , Rivera-Núñez A , Martínez-Virto A , Lorenzo-Hernández A , Sancho-Bueso T , Rodríguez-Dávila MA , Fernández-Capitán C , Villén-Villegas T
Published: July 2019

Background

Venous thromboembolism is a common disease seen in the emergency department and a cause of high morbidity and mortality, constituting a major health problem.

Objectives

To assess the potential benefit of follow-up ultrasound of patients who attended the emergency department with suspected superficial venous thrombosis or deep venous thrombosis and were found to have an initial negative whole-leg (or arm) ultrasound study.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients aged 18 years or older who were consecutively referred to a thrombosis clinic from the emergency department, with abnormal D-dimer test and moderate to high pre-test probability of deep venous thrombosis (Well's score ≥ 1), but a negative whole-leg (or arm) ultrasound. Demographic characteristics, symptom duration, laboratory and ultrasound data were recorded. At one-week follow-up, an experienced physician repeated ultrasound, and recorded the findings.

Results

From January 2017 to April 2018, 54 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 66.8 years (SD 15.0) and 63% were women. The average D-dimer was 2159.9 (SD 3772.0) ng/mL. Ultrasound abnormalities were found in 12 patients (22.2%; 95% confidence interval of 12.5 to 36.0%), with 4 patients having proximal deep venous thrombosis, distal deep venous thrombosis in 2 patients and superficial venous thrombosis in 6 patients. We did not find any significant differences in demographic characteristics, venous thromboembolism risk factors or laboratory parameters between patients with negative and positive follow-up ultrasound.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that a negative whole-leg (or arm) ultrasound in addition to an abnormal D-dimer in moderate to high deep venous thrombosis pretest probability patients, might be an insufficient diagnostic approach to exclude suspected deep venous thrombosis or superficial venous thrombosis. Confirmation of this higher than expected prevalence would support the need to repeat one-week ultrasound control in this population.
Therapeutic effect on experimental acute cerebral infarction is enhanced after nanoceria labeling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zuo Lian , Feng Qishuai , Han Yingying , Chen Mengwei , Guo Mengruo , Liu Zhongmin , Cheng Yu , Li Gang
Published: July 2019

Background:

Therapeutic applications of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, were once regarded as a promising therapy for mitigating acute cerebral infarction. Unfortunately, all the stem cell clinical trials have been futile. A new stroke therapeutic strategy of combining stem cells with nanotechnology has recently gained significant attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of cerium oxide nanoparticle (nanoceria)-labeled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs) for stroke therapy.

Methods:

In our study, cerium oxide nanoparticles were precovered with hyaluronic acid before labeling HucMSCs and the synergistic effects from both HucMSCs and cerium oxide nanoparticles were analyzed in in vivo and in vitro experiments

Results:

The nanoceria-labeled HucMSCs combined advantages from both sides, including the capacity for inflammatory modulation of HucMSCs and the antioxidant effects of nanoceria. Compared with either HucMSCs or nanoceria individually, nanoceria-labeled HucMSCs exerted significantly enhanced capacities after gaining combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest a novel strategy with effective and well-tolerated applications of stem cells for acute cerebral infarction therapy after modification of cells with nanomaterials.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Quantification of α-Mangostin in Dietary Supplements
Authors: Rivero Blanca , Garibay Iliana
Published: July 2019

Xanthones are the main active constituents isolated from Garcinia mangostana L. (Hypericaceae). Among these, α-mangostin (1) is reported as the principal component of the species, with remarkable pharmacological activities. In this work, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed as a suitable stability-indicating procedure for the quantification of 1 in the presence of degradation products. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a Purospher STAR C18 column with a mobile phase containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and ACN (20:80) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10 to 100 μg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.13 and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively. Stability studies were carried out at temperature/relative humidity of 30°C/60% and 40°C/75% during 6 months; and no significant changes were observed. According to the global results, a simple HPLC method was developed and fully validated for quantifying 1 in mangosteen dietary supplements.
From old slavery to new forms of exploitation: A reflection on the conditions of irregular migrant labour after the Chowdury case
Authors: Lucifora Annalisa
Published: July 2019

The spread of exploitative working practices requires an in-depth reflection on the impact of the free market and global competitiveness on some fundamental rights that are inherent to all human beings. After an investigation into the conditions that have led to an exponential increase in the exploitation of illegal migrant labour, the article focuses on the system of legal protection set by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which in Article 4 only prohibits slavery and servitude (para 1) and forced and compulsory labour (para 2). It could raise the question of where to put those conducts that, although they are manifestly inconsistent with fundamental rights, they do not, however, easily conform to any of the labels expressly laid out in Article 4 ECHR. The issue has recently been put under the spotlight by the Chowdury case, where the analysis of the extremeness of the working conditions allows the Court to rule out any relevance of the element of consent. This interpretation would allow the most serious cases of exploitation to be brought within the scope of forced labour and thus to expand the protection offered by Article 4 ECHR.
Fetal and infant growth patterns and left and right ventricular measures in childhood assessed by cardiac MRI
Authors: Toemen Liza , Gaillard Romy , Roest Arno A , van der Geest Rob J , Steegers Eric AP , van der Lugt Aad , Helbing Willem A , Jaddoe Vincent WV
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Early life is critical for cardiac development. We examined the associations of longitudinal fetal and childhood growth patterns with childhood right and left ventricular structures measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

In a population-based prospective cohort study among 2827 children, we measured growth at 20 and 30 weeks of pregnancy, at birth, 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 10 years. At 10 years, we measured right ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Small size for gestational age at birth was associated with smaller right and left ventricular end-diastolic volume relative to current body surface area, but with larger left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio ( P < 0.05). Children in the upper 25% of right and left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular mass at age 10 years were larger at birth and became taller and leaner in childhood ( P < 0.05). In contrast, children in the lower 25% of right and left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular mass were smaller at birth and became shorter and heavier in childhood ( P < 0.05). Both fetal and childhood growth were independently of each other associated with childhood right and left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular mass.

Conclusion

Children who are larger at birth and grow taller and leaner in childhood have larger hearts relative to body surface area. Small size at birth children, who grow shorter and heavier in childhood, have relatively smaller hearts with larger left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio. Both fetal and childhood growth are important for the development of cardiac dimensions.
Content and Quality of Websites for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Environmental Scan
Authors: Smekal Michelle , Gil Sarah , Donald Maoliosa , Beanlands Heather , Straus Sharon , Herrington Gwen , Sparkes Dwight , Harwood Lori , Tong Allison , Grill Allan , Tu Karen , Waldvogel Blair , Large Chantel , Large Claire , Novak Marta , James Matthew , Elliott Meghan , Delgado Maria , Brimble Scott , Samuel Susan , Hemmelgarn Brenda R.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Although numerous websites for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are available, little is known about their content and quality.

Objective:

To evaluate the quality of CKD websites, and the degree to which they align with information needs identified by patients with CKD.

Methods:

We identified websites by entering “chronic kidney disease” in 3 search engines: Google.com (with regional variants for Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), Bing.com, and Yahoo.com. We included the first 50 unique English-language sites from each search. We evaluated website content using a 30-point scale comprising 8 priority content domains identified by patients with CKD ( understanding CKD, diet, symptoms, medications, mental/physical health, finances, travel, and work/school). We used standardized tools to evaluate usability, reliability, and readability (DISCERN, HONcode, LIDA, Reading Ease, and Reading Grade Level). Two reviewers independently conducted the search, screen, and evaluation.

Results:

Of the 2093 websites identified, 115 were included. Overall, sites covered a mean (SD) of 29% (17.8) of the CKD content areas. The proportion of sites covering content related to understanding CKD, symptoms, and diet was highest (97%, 80%, and 72%, respectively). The proportion of sites covering travel, finances, and work/school content was lowest (22%, 12%, and 12%, respectively). The mean (SD) scores for DISCERN, LIDA and HONcode were 68% (14.6), 71% (14.4), and 75% (17.2), respectively, considered above average for usability and reliability. The mean (SD) Reading Grade Level was 10.6 (2.8) and Reading Ease was 49.8 (14.4), suggesting poor readability.

Conclusions:

Although many CKD web sites were of reasonable quality, their readability was poor. Furthermore, most sites covered less than 30% of the content patients identified as important for CKD self-management. These results will inform content gaps in internet-accessible information on CKD self-management that should be addressed by future eHealth web-based tools.
Determinants of Antenatal Care Visit Utilization of Child-Bearing Mothers in Kaffa, Sheka, and Bench Maji Zones of SNNPR, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Abiyot Negash , Gelaw Assaye Belay
Published: July 2019

Background:

Antenatal care (ANC) is a preventive obstetric health-care program aimed at optimizing maternal fetal outcome through regular monitoring of pregnancy. Even if World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 4 ANC visits for normal pregnancy, existing evidence from developing countries including Ethiopia indicates there are few women who utilize it due to different reasons. The purpose of this article is to identify determinants significantly influencing the ANC visit utilization of child-bearing mothers in the Kaffa, Sheka, and Bench-Maji zones of Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia.

Methods:

A total of 1715 child-bearing mothers were selected. Several count models such as Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, hurdle Poisson, and hurdle negative binomial regression models were fitted to select the model which best fits the data. The parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood. Measures of goodness of fit were based on the Rootogram.

Results:

The data were found zeros (8.1%); the variance (3.794), which is less than its mean (3.91). Hurdle Poisson regression model was found to be better fitted with the data given. Variables are selected by backward selection method, through the analysis, zones, residence, age at first pregnancy, source of information, knowledge during danger sin, willingness, time of visit, and satisfaction, which were major predictors of ANC service utilization. The estimated odds that the number of ANC visits those child-bearing mothers made (mothers who lived in urban) are 3.52 times more likely than mothers who lived in rural keeping others variables constant and the like.

Conclusion:

Based on our findings, a lot of effort needs to be made by health offices to create awareness, maternal health-care programs should be expanded and intensified in rural areas, improve women’s knowledge and awareness about the risk factor of late visit, the necessary investigations and follow-up throughout the antenatal period to promote regular attendance for ANC, and fulfill the client’s satisfaction.
Impact of Innovation Types on SMEs’ Performance in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Oduro Stephen
Published: July 2019

Research on innovation is up surging in recent years in management literature. Yet empirical research on how innovation types impact the different aspects of small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) performance is still under-researched, particularly in emerging economies. This study develops a holistic conceptual model to examine how innovation types impact the various dimensions of SMEs’ performance in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. The study builds on the dynamic capabilities theory and employs a quantitative research approach via a survey questionnaire and simple random and convenience sampling techniques to select 307 respondents for the analysis. Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square was used to test the hypotheses formulated. Results demonstrate that all the four types of innovation—product, process, organisation and marketing—positively impact SMEs’ performance, but organisational innovation has the has the most considerable effect size. More specifically, findings show that product innovation positively relates to performance in terms of—customer satisfaction, market share, sales and competitiveness; process innovation—speed time to market and competitiveness; marketing innovation—sales, customer satisfaction, market share and competitiveness; and organisational innovation—profit, competitiveness, speed time to market and growth in employment. It is, therefore, recommended that managers at operational and strategic levels in SMEs give distinctive attention to these types of innovation in their business strategies to enhance performance and growth. The government should also provide educational and financial support to help the SMEs in their adoption of innovation. This study theoretically and pragmatically contributes to entrepreneurship and innovation research in emerging economies.
A Simple Method for Removing Bias From a Popular Measure of Standardized Effect Size: Adjusted Partial Eta Squared
Authors: Mordkoff J. Toby
Published: July 2019

Accurate estimates of population effect size are critical to empirical science, for both reporting experimental results and conducting a priori power analyses. Unfortunately, the current most-popular measure of standardized effect size, partial eta squared ([Formula: see text]), is known to have positive bias. Two less-biased alternatives, partial epsilon squared ([Formula: see text]) and partial omega squared ([Formula: see text]), have both existed for decades, but neither is often employed. Given that researchers appear reluctant to abandon [Formula: see text], this article provides a simple method for removing bias from this measure, to produce a value referred to as adjusted partial eta squared (adj [Formula: see text]). Some of the many benefits of adopting this measure are briefly discussed.
Dual inhibition of IGF-IR and ALK as an effective strategy to eradicate NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma
Authors: George Bhawana , George Suraj Konnath , Shi Wenyu , Haque Abedul , Shi Ping , Eskandari Ghazaleh , Axelson Magnus , Larsson Olle , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Amin Hesham M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-expressing (NPM-ALK+) T cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm. NPM-ALK, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, plays a critical role in this lymphoma. Recently, selective ALK inhibitors have emerged as a first-line therapy for this neoplasm. Unfortunately, ALK inhibitors were hindered by emergence of resistance and relapse. We have previously demonstrated that type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is commonly expressed and activated in this lymphoma. In addition, IGF-IR and NPM-ALK are physically associated and reciprocally enhance their phosphorylation/activation. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combined inhibition of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK could significantly improve the effects of inhibiting each kinase alone.

Methods

We used clinically utilized inhibitors of IGF-IR (picropodophyllin; PPP) and ALK (ASP3026) to assess the in vitro cellular effects of combined treatment versus treatment using a single agent. Moreover, we used a systemic NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma mouse model to analyze the in vivo effects of PPP and ASP3026 alone or in combination.

Results

Our data show that combined treatment with PPP and ASP3026 decreased the viability, proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation, and increased apoptosis of NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma cells in vitro. The in vitro effects of combined treatment were synergistic and significantly more pronounced than the effects of PPP or ASP3026 alone. Biochemically, simultaneous antagonism of IGF-IR and ALK induced more pronounced decrease in pIGF-IRY1135/1136, pNPM-ALKY646, and pSTAT3Y705 levels than antagonizing IGF-IR or ALK alone. Moreover, combined targeting of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK decreased significantly systemic lymphoma tumor growth and improved mice survival in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro results, the in vivo effects of the combined therapy were more pronounced than the effects of targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone.

Conclusions

Combined targeting of IGF-IR and ALK is more effective than targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone in NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma. This strategy might also limit emergence of resistance to high doses of ALK inhibitors. Therefore, it could represent a successful therapeutic approach to eradicate this aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, combined inhibition is feasible because of the clinical availability of IGF-IR and ALK inhibitors. Our findings are applicable to other types of cancer where IGF-IR and ALK are simultaneously expressed.
Global and Regional Respiratory Mechanics During Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Study
Authors: Brandão Julio C. , Lessa Marcos A. , Motta-Ribeiro Gabriel , Hashimoto Soshi , Paula Luis Felipe , Torsani Vinicius , Le Linh , Bao Xiaodong , Eikermann Matthias , Dahl Douglas M. , Deng Hao , Tabatabaei Shahin , Amato Marcelo B. P. , Vidal Melo Marcos F.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

Pneumoperitoneum and nonphysiological positioning required for robotic surgery increase cardiopulmonary risk because of the use of larger airway pressures (Paws) to maintain tidal volume (Vt). However, the quantitative partitioning of respiratory mechanics and transpulmonary pressure (Pl) during robotic surgery is not well described. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) the components of driving pressure (transpulmonary and chest wall components) increase in a parallel fashion at robotic surgical stages (Trendelenburg and robot docking); and (2) deep, when compared to routine (moderate), neuromuscular blockade modifies those changes in Pls as well as in regional respiratory mechanics.

METHODS:

We studied 35 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients undergoing elective robotic surgery. Airway and esophageal balloon pressures and respiratory flows were measured to calculate respiratory mechanics. Regional lung aeration and ventilation was assessed with electrical impedance tomography and level of neuromuscular blockade with acceleromyography. During robotic surgical stages, 2 crossover randomized groups (conditions) of neuromuscular relaxation were studied: Moderate (1 twitch in the train-of-four stimulation) and Deep (1–2 twitches in the posttetanic count).

RESULTS:

Pneumoperitoneum was associated with increases in driving pressure, tidal changes in Pl, and esophageal pressure (Pes). Steep Trendelenburg position during robot docking was associated with further worsening of the respiratory mechanics. The fraction of driving pressures that partitioned to the lungs decreased from baseline (63% ± 15%) to Trendelenburg position (49% ± 14%, P < .001), due to a larger increase in chest wall elastance (Ecw; 12.7 ± 7.6 cm H2O·L−1) than in lung elastance (El; 4.3 ± 5.0 cm H2O·L−1, P < .001). Consequently, from baseline to Trendelenburg, the component of Paw affecting the chest wall increased by 6.6 ± 3.1 cm H2O, while Pls increased by only 3.4 ± 3.1 cm H2O (P < .001). Pl and driving pressures were larger at surgery end than at baseline and were accompanied by dorsal aeration loss. Deep neuromuscular blockade did not change respiratory mechanics, regional aeration and ventilation, and hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONS:

In robotic surgery with pneumoperitoneum, changes in ventilatory driving pressures during Trendelenburg and robot docking are distributed less to the lungs than to the chest wall as compared to routine mechanical ventilation for supine patients. This effect of robotic surgery derives from substantially larger increases in Ecw than Els and reduces the risk of excessive Pls. Deep neuromuscular blockade does not meaningfully change global or regional lung mechanics.
Abdominal Surgery With Bilateral Rectus Sheath Block: A Case Report
Authors: Duggan Elizabeth W. , Vadlamudi Ratna , Spektor Boris , Sharifpour Milad
Published: July 2019

A 44-year-old man, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class IV, presented for fulguration of anal condyloma and diverting colostomy. The patient’s medical history includes World Health Organization (WHO) class I pulmonary hypertension (PH), right heart failure, and bilateral lower extremity paralysis due to Pott’s disease. The patient was not a candidate for neuraxial anesthesia due to sacral decubitus ulcers, and alternative options to general anesthesia (GA) were considered to avoid the high risk of right ventricular (RV) failure and ensuing complications. The case was successfully performed under sedation with dexmedetomidine infusion and bilateral rectus sheath blocks for surgical anesthesia.
The cilium as a force sensor−myth versus reality
Authors: R. Ferreira Rita , Fukui Hajime , Chow Renee , Vilfan Andrej , Vermot Julien
Published: July 2019

Cells need to sense their mechanical environment during the growth of developing tissues and maintenance of adult tissues. The concept of force-sensing mechanisms that act through cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions is now well established and accepted. Additionally, it is widely believed that force sensing can be mediated through cilia. Yet, this hypothesis is still debated. By using primary cilia sensing as a paradigm, we describe the physical requirements for cilium-mediated mechanical sensing and discuss the different hypotheses of how this could work. We review the different mechanosensitive channels within the cilium, their potential mode of action and their biological implications. In addition, we describe the biological contexts in which cilia are acting – in particular, the left–right organizer – and discuss the challenges to discriminate between cilium-mediated chemosensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Throughout, we provide perspectives on how quantitative analysis and physics-based arguments might help to better understand the biological mechanisms by which cells use cilia to probe their mechanical environment.
Casting a Wider Tax Net: Experimental Evidence from Costa Rica
Authors: Brockmeyer Anne , Smith Spencer , Hernandez Marco , Kettle Stewart
Published: July 2019

The majority of firms in developing countries are informal, yet even among registered firms, tax filing rates are low. We argue that non-filing of taxes among registered firms constitutes an important intermediate form of informality, which can be tackled cost-effectively. Using a randomized experiment in Costa Rica, we show that credible enforcement emails increased the tax payment rate (amount) by 3.4  p.p. (US$15) among previously non-filing firms. Emails that highlight third-party reports of a firm’s transactions further increased compliance. The effect persisted over two years, and treated firms became more likely to report transactions with other firms, facilitating future tax enforcement. (JEL H25, H26, K34, O17)
Fazendo cercas: notas sobre o processo de criação de pequenos lotes em Urucuia, MG
Authors: Paulo Pereira Luzimar
Published: July 2019

Em Urucuia, norte de Minas Gerais, lotes e loteamentos são construídos sobre áreas de antigas fazendas ou sítios. Em geral, as parcelas de terra criadas a partir do fracionamento de uma propriedade original ocupam regiões limítrofes entre as zonas urbanas e rurais do município. A delimitação dos lotes, de fato, é uma das condições necessárias para que o poder público municipal reclassifique a área onde eles se encontram. Neste artigo, procuro discutir, a partir de material etnográfico recolhido entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, alguns dos aspectos mais importantes dos processos de urbanização em Urucuia. Em especial, quero destacar as atividades referentes à produção das cercas que envolvem os terrenos loteados e os arames utilizados para os cercamentos das terras. Além de delimitar fisicamente uma propriedade privada, restringindo a circulação entre seu interior e exterior, elas estabelecem limites simbólicos responsáveis por classificar e reclassificar lugares, pessoas, animais, plantas e coisas. Neste sentido, as cercas desempenham papel central nos processos locais de criação e recriação de espaços rurais e urbanos.
As ima[r]gens Pankararu: campo e contracampo na pesquisa em etnicidade
Authors: Dos Santos Albuquerque Marcos Alexandre
Published: July 2019

A gestão da visibilidade social de povos indígenas é atualmente uma das principaisproblemáticas no campo de etnicidade. Para legitimar sua condição étnica, os indígenastensionam estereótipos e preconceitos. Para o pesquisador é sempre um desafioinstrumentalizar conceitualmente essas tensões e descreve-las etnograficamente. A partir deum insight do cineasta Jean-Luc Godard sobre o funcionamento diferencial e hierárquico dalinguagem cinematográfica (campo e contracampo), relaciono o documentário “Pankararude Brejo dos Padres” (1977), de Vladmir Carvalho, com o primeiro ensaio etnofotográficoque realizei com esse grupo indígena na cidade de São Paulo, em 2008. Seguindo a propostade Clifford de uma etnografia surrealista, demonstro a possiblidade pluralista e contrahegemônicaque etnografias de contextos semelhantes podem representar.
Sociologia neoestrutural e gênese organizacional: contribuições da teoria dos Netdoms ao debate sobre empreendedores institucionais
Authors: Andrade Ribeiro Antônio Carlos
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo proponho uma leitura do tema do empreendedorismo institucional a partir dasociologia neoestrutural de Harrison White. Argumento que essa teoria, por um lado, solucionao problema da imersão e o problema do dissenso em torno da posição dos empreendedoresinstitucionais em sistemas interativos. Por outro lado, leva-nos a enxergar esses atorescomo um tipo particular de identidade com capacidade de exercer maior controle sobre asambiguidades que se manifestam nos campos organizacionais. Exponho os principais pontosdo neoestruturalismo Whiteano e suas implicações para o estudo das instituições. Terminoo artigo ilustrando a discussão teórica com dados empíricos sobre os empreendedoresinstitucionais de uma inovação institucional. Os resultados revelaram a existência detrês subtipos empreendedores, sugerindo que os recursos para agência empreendedorasão desigualmente distribuídos no campo. Por fim, argumento que as habilidades dosempreendedores institucionais são transitórias e que nenhum ator individualmente é capazde sustentar inovações institucionais.
Com quantos sociólogos se desenvolve um programa de pesquisa em Sociologia da Arte?
Authors: Marcondes Guilherme
Published: July 2019

Resenha do livro VILLAS BÔAS, Glaucia (org.). (2016). Um vermelho não é um vermelho – estudos sociológicossobre as artes visuais. Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras.
Homebirth cesarean e a fissura de um grupo de mulheres: as mulheres querem falar de dor, de si e do inesperado
Authors: Carneiro Rosamaria
Published: July 2019

Este artigo se dispõe a refletir sobre as práticas e as percepções de mulheres urbanas decamadas médias de diferentes países que buscaram um parto domiciliar, mas viveram o seuavesso: uma cesárea indesejada. Nesse universo, a ideia de dor e de sofrimento (DAS, 2008;FASSIN, 2013; LE BRETON, 2003) parecem dar contornos às suas narrativas e as mobilizama compor e participar de grupos como o homebirth cesarean mamas, nos Estados Unidos, eem talleres vivenciales para mujeres con cesárea do Aflora Mujer, no Chile, numa espécie deitinerário terapêutico para o que chamam de suas feridas físicas e emocionais. No Brasil,relatos semelhantes já circulam nas redes sociais e em grupos presenciais que envolvemo parto e o nascimento, ainda de que maneira mais tímida e pouco organizada. Dado essecenário, a ideia é refletir sobre os significados de corpo, controle/descontrole, pertencimentogrupal, prática profissional e, por fim, sofrimento social e narrativas femininas, partindodesse universo, perguntando pela experiência que “não deu certo”, a partir de “uma lógicareversa” (WAGNER, 2010). Consideram-se, para tanto, notícias, notas e posts coletados emgrupos de redes sociais e blogs dedicados ao tema do parto natural no mundo virtual, bemcomo registros empíricos de uma etnografia sobre experiências de parto empreendidas emSão Paulo durante os anos de 2007-2011 (CARNEIRO, 2015).