bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orosz zászlóaljcsoportok szerepe az elmúlt 8 év tapasztalatainak tükrében 2. rész
Authors: Vasárus Gábor László
Published: April 2024

A BTG (БТГ – Батальонная тактическая группа; Battalion Tactical Group), azaz a zászlóaljharccsoport egy összfegyvernemi ideiglenes katonai egység, amelynek szervezeti felépítése az elmúlt évtizedek tapasztalatai alapján, a 2010-es évek létszámhiányához igazodva alakult ki az orosz hadseregben. A jelen tanulmány célja a 2015 és 2022 augusztusa közötti események alapján kialakított általános kép felvázolása a BTG-k szervezeti felépítéséről, és adalékok szolgáltatása a későbbi műveletek értékeléséhez. Bár a 2022. évi háború első napjaiban, a kelet-ukrajnai harcokban sikeresen oldották meg a támadó műveleteket, a nagy tűzerő és a jelentősmobilitás révén azonban bizonyos hiányosságok is felszínre kerültek. A hadrendi formáció mögött álló elképzelés helyesnek tűnik, azonban tovább fejlesztendő.
Hálózati szolgáltatások biztosítása
Authors: Gulyás Attila
Published: April 2024

Az Észak-atlanti Szerződés Szervezete (NATO) jelenlegi nagy kiterjedésű, széles körű adatcserét biztosító hálózatműködtetése kihívásokkal jár – többek között – a hálózatirányítás, az információbiztonság és a számítógépes műveletek területén. A NATO Telekommunikációs és Információs Ügynökség (NCIA) támogatásával az évtized egyik legfontosabb feladata a meglévő minősített hálózati tartomány újratervezése, átszervezése a jelenlegi és jövőbeli műveletek hatékony C2-jének támogatása érdekében. A szerzőtudományos közleményében röviden felvázolja az NCIA által a minősített hálózati tartomány létrehozására tett erőfeszítések, valamint a NATO-n belüli alapvető és funkcionális szolgáltatások igényeinek történeti hátterét annak érdekében, hogy bemutasson egy életképes és fenntartható megoldást a minősített hálózat fejlesztésére mind a stacioner, mind a tábori doménekben.
A kínai űrprogramokról Budapesten - első kézből
Authors: Frey Sándor
Published: April 2024

2023 júniusában tartotta székfoglaló előadását a világűrben kinyitható szerkezetek alkalmazásairól a kínai űrküldetésekben Hajjan Hu (Haiyan Hu), a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia új tiszteleti tagja. Az előadáson, és az azt követő pódiumbeszélgetésen szóba kerültek az új, felívelő korszakába lépett kínai űrkutatás egyéb érdekességei és a közeljövőre vonatkozó nagyszabású tervek is.
A Védelmi Innovációs Kutatóintézet, a NATO DIANA és a hazai védelmi célú innováció új rendszere 2. rész
Authors: Porkoláb Imre , Hennel Sándor , Hegedűs Ernő
Published: April 2024

A 2023-ban felállított Védelmi Innovációs Kutatóintézet (VIKI) célja a már meglévő hazai és nemzetközi innovációs ökoszisztémarendszer – az egyetemek, a kutatóintézetek, a laboratóriumok, a kis- és közepes vállalkozások, valamint a Honvédelmi Minisztérium – összekapcsolása a védelmi célra is fordítható duális célú kutatások leghatékonyabb megvalósítása érdekében. A VIKI egyik legfontosabb nemzetközi együttműködő partnere a NATO DIANA szervezete, amely kettős hasznosítású technológiák fejlesztésének céljából elsősorban a KKV-kat fejleszti.
Implementation of artificial intelligence capabilities in education
Authors: Роберт И.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье описываются возможности искусственного интеллекта и их использование в целях повышения эффективности образовательного процесса. Обосновывается необходимость развития нового направления научно-педагогических исследований «Искусственный интеллект в образовании». Представлены два направления подготовки учителей информатики: искусственный интеллект как объект изучения в рамках учебного предмета «Информатика» и искусственный интеллект как средство повышения эффективности процесса обучения.

The article considers the capabilities of artificial intelligence and its use to increase educational process efficiency. The necessity of developing a new direction of scientific and pedagogical research “Artificial Intelligence in Education” is considered in the article. Two areas of training for computer science teachers are presented: artificial intelligence as an object of study within the educational subject “Informatics” and artificial intelligence as a means of increasing learning process efficiency.
Effect of Crospovidone, Croscaramellose Sodium in Combination on the Drug Release of Anti diabetic Medication in Tablet Form
Authors: RK Gunda
Published: April 2024

Objective: The current study’s objective is to check the impact of superdisintegrants on the drug release of Vildagliptin by developing oral disintegrating tablets (ODT). Vildagliptin, new class of oral hypoglycemic agent. It acts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Conventional Vildagliptin tablets are (due to its first pass effect) unsuitable where quicker onset of action is required Hence, it is necessary to develop oral disintegrating tablet, in order to obtain improved patient compliance. Methods: Using Oral disintegrating tablets of Vildagliptin were prepared using various quantities of Crospovidone & Croscaramellose sodium as Superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Nine trials were developed by varying the quantities of Crospovidone, Croscaramellose sodium such as 6 ± 1.5 mg i.e. 4.5, 6, 7.5 mg respectively. Prepared formulations were assessed for Pharmaceutical Product Performance as per official methods such as hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, wetting time, disintegration time, and drug release studies. Results: Findings indicate that all formulations meet the acceptance criteria such as good mechanical strength (>4.3 kg/cm2), less friable (<0.65%), uniform drug content (>98%) and kinetic modeling was applied to the in-vitro dissolution profiles. Conclusion: The best formulation (F1), which is likewise identical to the marketed product (Galvus-50) (f2= 89.01, f1= 1.85), contained 7.5 mg of Crospovidone and 7.5 mg of Croscaramellose sodium. Formulation (F1) follow first order, whereas release mechanism found to be Fickian type (n= 0.323).
Parental Supervision and Control as a Predictive Factor of Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Merdović Boro , Počuča Milan , Dragojlović Joko
Published: April 2024

Parental control and supervision is considered one of the key factors in raising children. There are numerous studies and researches in the literature that have tried to prove the correlation between parental control and juvenile delinquency. The results of these studies have varied, sometimes confirming and sometimes denying a direct link between parental control and certain forms of juvenile delinquent behavior. However, the modern child and family go through a new socialization process that brings challenges for both children and parents. The goal of our paper is to clarify the terminological confusions present in this area and highlight the actuality of the issue of parental control over the behavior of minors. Through a review of existing domestic and foreign scientific literature, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis and comparative and historical methods, we want to point out the importance of parental control and supervision in shaping the behavior of minors, with special reference to the manifestation of delinquent patterns. The results of our research indicate a significant correlation between different forms of parental control and supervision with the behavior of minors, with noticeable changes compared to traditional methods of control. The obtained results emphasize the need for educating and advising parents about modern achievements in this area, as well as providing support in adapting to new trends and security challenges, including the impact of information technology, social media and other factors that are now part of everyday life and were not present in the past. The practical importance of our research implies that the theoretical conclusions can be used as a basis for further research in the field of parental control and supervision, as well as juvenile delinquency, with the aim of developing measures for its prevention.
Marginal Leakage in Interfaces Formed by Bovine Dentin and Adhesive Cements Applied with Different Bonding Techniques
Authors: Oliveira Ana Natália , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Consani Rafael Leonardo Xediek
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage in interfaces formed by bovine dentin and adhesive cements applied with different bonding techniques.
Materials and Methods: Thirty bovine teeth dentin blocks measuring 5 mm x 5 mm x 1 mm were made with one side completely in dentin substract (20 mm2). The dentin blocks were randomly divided into three groups according to the cementation technique used: CTS+RX (conventional 3-step adhesive + dual-activation resin cement), SBS+RX (single-bottle self-etching adhesive + dual-activation resin cement), and SAC (self-adhesive cement). A photopolymerizable composite resin block with the same dimensions was fixed on the dentin block according to the instructions for each adhesive technique. The dentin-composite resin blocks made with each adhesive technique were separated into subgroups (n = 5) for 7 days (control) and for 6 months of water storage. After each period, the blocks were individually immersed in test tubes containing neutral methylene blue dye for 2 hours. The samples were washed, dried, and evaluated with a stereoscopic magnifying glass, and the amount of infiltrated pigment was analyzed using spectrophotometry (Beckman DU 65). The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (5%).
Results: Microleakage level for the conventional 3-step or self-etching technique remained similar for 7 days (18 ± 25 and 43 ± 45 μm, respectively) or 6 months (42 ± 55 and 52 ± 87 μm, respectively). The self-adhesive technique showed higher microleakage levels for 7-day (263 ± 98 μm) and 6-month periods (441 ± 226 μm) compared to other adhesive techniques. There was a statistically significant difference between evaluation times only for the self-adhesive technique.
Conclusions: Higher microleakage levels by storage in water occurred with the self-adhesive technique in both evaluation periods.
Clinical Relevance: The different microleakage levels promoted at the dentin-composite resin interface should be considered in adhesive clinical procedures in relation to long-term use.
Parental Childcare Practices Related to Nutrition, Psychosocial Support, Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Kanam Communities, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Sunday , Jatau Audu Andrew , Darbe John Wukatda , Olakunle Falade Job , Jacob Helen Sunday , Buhari Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Parental childcare practices involve the interactions, behaviours, emotions, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices associated with providing children with health, nutrition, responsive caregiving, safety and security, and early learning. However, this study examined parental childcare practices related to nutrition, psychosocial support, water sanitation and hygiene in Kanam communities in Plateau State, Nigeria. Three objectives and one hypothesis were formulated for the survey research. Four primary health centres were purposively selected to draw up the 697 respondents (511 females and 187 males). Structured questionnaires and checklists on childcare practices related to the study were developed and administered to the parents. The major findings indicated that childcare practices on nutrition were grossly below the requirements, psychosocial support practices were average, and WASH practices were below average. The findings also established that parental childcare practices related to nutrition, psychosocial, and WASH have a significant difference. Recommendations include stakeholders intensifying good nutrition knowledge provision for caregivers nursing children below age five, parents improving their interaction with their children using play materials, and the government reintroducing environmental inspection officers in every community to enforce WASH practices.
Pulse-width modulation as a new hygienic factor determining the visual comfort of modern screens
Authors: Kurgansky AM
Published: April 2024

The information revolution and intensive development of electronic devices take place in the recent decades. Furthermore, not so long ago such a hygienic factor, as the display luminance pulse-width modulation (PWM) capable of causing visual discomfort (PWM symptoms) in individuals with increased sensitivity to visual load, has become relevant. The main complaints include eye pain, headache, sometimes nausea, up to the inability to use such screens. Moreover, this characteristic can be peculiar not only to LED (AMOLED, etc.), but also to IPS displays due to the presence of the LED backlight layer. No regulation of the issue has led to the emergence of online resources on PWM and the problem of visual impairment, where users verify the data on their own, which suggests the relevance of the subject selected. The paper reports theoretical aspects of PWM, technical characteristics of displays with PWM; the approaches to PWM measurement are described; the possible ways to reduce visual discomfort are discussed. Furthermore, the paper describes the method to measure PWM of displays using a photo camera with the exposure time set to 1/20 s, along with the method testing results. It has been shown that further research focused on assessing the effects of PWM on vision and the development of the method for hygienic assessment of monitors and smartphone screens with PWM are required.
Relationship between open innovation and innovation performance within high-tech firms: The mediating role of knowledge management capability
Authors: Wu Jie , Nachiangmai Suprawin
Published: April 2024

In the current competitive global marketplace, innovation is key for high-tech firms to thrive. Open innovation offers a promising approach, but its effectiveness remains unclear. Therefore, this research explored the connection between open innovation, knowledge management capability, and innovation performance within high-tech firms. We used a mediation approach to highlight the central role of knowledge management capability in the relationship between open innovation and innovation performance. We used a survey questionnaire approach to collect data from the 462 employees of high-tech firms on open innovation, knowledge management capability, and innovation performance using a convenient sampling technique. We used partial least square structural equations modeling through PLS-SEM statistics. Results indicated that open innovation has a direct, positive and significant connection with innovation performance. Similarly, the current research serves as a pioneering exploration into mediation analysis, highlighting the mediating role of knowledge management capability that influences the relationship between open innovation and innovation performance. Empirical studies offer valuable insights for leaders of high-tech firms, guiding them to identify effective knowledge management practices and determine the ideal extent of open innovation to boost innovation performance. The current study reveals novel insights into the benefits of knowledge management capability in enhancing open innovation efforts within firms. This research provides valuable implications and future research directions.
Effectiveness and impact of management accounting in hospitals: Evaluation of the effectiveness of cost accounting and revenue budgeting
Authors: Ahmad Syed Raziuddin , Khan Imran Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The goal of this research is to determine whether hospital financial performance is impacted by particular management accounting techniques, such as departmental revenue budgeting, specific costing, and departmental costing. We analyzed several sets of performance indicators for 146 hospitals whose management accounting adoption status is available. An outlier test was used to determine which data were outliers at the 0.1% significance level, and the results were then eliminated in order to see if any extremely outlier values (hospitals) were present for each indicator. To determine whether there were any noteworthy variations in the average values of the several performance measures, we employed a t-test (two-tailed probability). The results suggest that departmental revenue budgeting and departmental and specific costing improve hospital financial performance.
The Effectiveness of Using Bulls With Increased Immune Response in Terms of Milk Yield, Milk Contents, and Somatic Cell Count in Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Sobczyński Bogumił , Piwczyński Dariusz , Sitkowska Beata , Wójcik Piotr , Kolenda Magdalena
Published: April 2024

The dairy cattle industry has witnessed significant advancements in production traits, including milk yield, reproduction, and health, through decades of breeding efforts. Despite these improvements, cow health and milk hygiene remain essential. High immune response (HIR) technology identifies cattle with optimized immune responses, enabling the selection of bulls with high immune responses for breeding. Studies indicate that HIR-based breeding improves animal health without compromising production traits. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bulls with a high immune response in improving milk yield, milk contents, and somatic cell count in the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. A total of 11,509 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed were used. Among those, 1,773 animals were the offspring of HIR bulls, including 926 first-generation offspring (called I50 group) and 847 second-generation offspring (I25 group). There were 9,736 animals unrelated to HIR bulls (I0 group). Selected production and functional traits were analyzed. The results show that cows with higher kinship to HIR bulls showed increased milk yield. However, their milk exhibited lower fat, protein, and casein content. A favorable impact of HIR bulls was demonstrated by the decrease in somatic cell count in their offspring’s milk compared to the milk of cows from the I0 group. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of using HIR bulls in dairy cattle breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of balancing production traits with health considerations.
Effect of Dietary Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Gene Expression of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Ghafarifarsani Hamed , Raeisi Mojtaba , Raissy Mehdi , Safari Roghieh , Khosraviani Kaveh , Yousefi Morteza , Doan Hien Van
Published: April 2024

Chemical compounds used to prevent and control fish disease often cause environmental hazards; thus, alternative approaches as new and effective strategies are needed. The current investigation was performed with the aim of exploring the effects of dietary Moldavian balm (MB, Dracocephalum moldavica L.) on the growth, immune parameters, and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish (n=300, w=3.80±0.02 g) in four groups in triplicates were supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% MB. After 42 days, it was found that feed supplements increased final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) and decreased the food conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05). In addition, fish supplemented with 2% MB significantly showed higher serum total protein (TP), alternative complement pathway (ACH50), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P<0.05). The 0.5% MB-supplemented fish represented higher levels of LYZ, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total Ig, and ACH50 in their skin mucus in comparison with the unsupplemented fish (P<0.05). The results also indicated that 2% MB resulted in a significantly higher expression level of intestinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α) (P<0.05); however, the level of LYZ, interleukin-1β (IL-1
β), and TLRs decreased in supplemented fish. CAT and SOD expressions were increased in 0.5% MB supplement. In conclusion, MB could be recommended as an efficient feed additive to boost common carp’s growth, immunity, and health status.
Recent Developments in Antibiotic Contamination of Animal Products, Soil, and Water Worldwide – A Review
Authors: Robles-Jimenez Lizbeth E. , Ghavipanje Navid , Hernandez Juan Carlos Angeles , Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), facilitated by antibiotic consumption, remains one of the biggest threats to global health and food security. The burgeoning AMR has an estimated forecast of 10 million deaths and 100 trillion USD economic losses annually worldwide by 2050 if no urgent actions are taken. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animal production plays an expressive role in the AMR crisis. This paper compiles information regarding antibiotics and AMR in animals, animal-derived products, and agriculture-impacted environment. A holistic approach is needed to mitigate the burden of AMR within the context of human-animal-environment. Currently there are few approaches to this problem such as nanotechnology, anaerobic digestion, biochar composting, and alternatives to antibiotic treatments (like herbal plant extracts, probiotics, vaccines, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides) have been developed. However, there are gaps in knowledge about AMR and areas for improvement are obvious. There is no clear path to put an end to the persistent trends of AMR. Despite the trends for stricter regulation on the use of antibiotics worldwide, they find their way into food animal production, water, and soil as a result of misuses in many countries. We need to acknowledge the antibiotic contamination and/or AMR as a silent pandemic, and we are challenged to adopt a global approach to reducing and improving their use.
Perceptions towards orthodontic marketing through social media among young adults seeking orthodontic treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Adanan Amalina , Kamarudin Yasmin , Nor Nor Azlida Mohd , Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Abd Rahman Aida Nur Ashikin
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Social media, particularly Instagram and Facebook, are commonly used for advertising orthodontic treatment.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to explore the perceptions towards social media marketing by young adults seeking orthodontic treatment in Malaysia.

Materials and methods

This was a qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews of 15 young adults aged between 22- and 30-years old. The participants were selected through purposive sampling from multiple private and public clinics within the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word and coded using the NVivo12 software. Thematic analysis was applied to investigate the data.

Results

The perceptions of young adults on social media marketing of orthodontic treatment generated six themes which were categorised as positive (source of information, good marketing strategy, convenience, and a means to improve connection and communication) or negative (false or misleading information and the presence of disingenuous social media profiles). Seven factors influenced the subject’s decision-making process which were social media features, online trends, treatment costs, clinic location, third parties, knowledge and the availability of online information.

Conclusion

Young adults mainly had positive perceptions towards orthodontic marketing through social media. The findings of this study provide important insights for dental practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders on how young adults are using social media and the factors that influence their decision-making process when searching for orthodontic treatment providers.
Use of C-reactive protein for prediction of sinus rhythm maintenance after pharmacologic cardioversion in patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Jani Ylber , Neziri Entela , Paparisto Sokol , Bara Petrit , Haxhirexha Kastriot , Pocesta Bekim , Rexhepi Atila , Xhunga Sotiraq , Serani Artur , Ferati Fatmir , Zeqiri Agim , Kamberi Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Background

Approximately 50% of patients undergoing cardioversion present with a recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation ( AF) within 3–6 months of cardioversion despite ongoing antiarrhythmic treatment (AAD). Inflammation has been involved in the pathogenesis of both metabolic syndrome (MS) and atrial fibrillation. Evidence has indicated that inflammatory changes is essential for recurrence of AF. Therefore, identifying patients at high risk of AF recurrence remains challenging.

Objective

We tested the hypothesis: increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with a greater risk of AF recurrence after pharmacologic cardioversion (PCV)

Methods

We conducted a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. 215 consecutive adult participants (≥18 and <65years of age) were recruited with MS and symptomatic AF (paroxysmal and persistent). They were admitted at six general cardiology Health Care Clinics, underwent PCV, and during a one calendar year follow-up period, were stratified into two groups according to CRP levels (105 participants (50 females and 55 males) with level of CRP ≥3mg/L and 110 (58 females and 52 males) with level of CRP <3mg/L). Recurrence of AF during follow-up period was defined as the study end-point.

Results

After the follow-up of one year, only (31.8%) of patients with MS and CRP levels above the cut-off of 3 mg/L remain in sinus rhythm, compared to (64. 7%) of patients with MS and CRP levels below the cut-off of 3 mg/L (p=0. 002).

Conclusions

CRP, an easily determined marker in everyday clinical practice, may provide significant prognostic information regarding sinus rhythm maintenance and could be useful for predicting the recurrence of AF after successful pharmacologic cardioversion in clinical practice.
Ventricular tachycardia ablation after myocardial infarction guided by cardiac magnetic resonance/multidetector computed tomography image integration
Authors: Burcin Alexandru – Paul , Câlmâc Lucian , Lǎcǎu Smǎrǎndiţa loana , Șarpe Tudor , Gondoș Viviana , Sotto-Iglesias David , Berruezo Antonio , Vătășescu Radu-Gabriel
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

The persistent challenge of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation lies in the elevated morbidity and mortality due to the underlying disease progression and the complexity of the arrhythmogenic substrate. As imaging methods are evolving, substrate-based VT ablation is moving closer to the realm of precision medicine.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 52-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and stage IIIB chronic kidney disease was referred to our hospital for sustained monomorphic VT. Upon admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable. Laboratory results indicated mild anemia, moderate renal dysfunction, and normal myocardial enzymes. ECG during sinus rhythm showed widespread repolarization abnormalities in the apical and postero-lateral leads. Echocardiography revealed mild left ventricular dysfunction and coronary angiography confirmed significant lesions in multiple coronary arteries that were treated with drug-eluting stents (DES). Cardiac MRI showed relatively limited areas of old myocardial infarctions in the left circumflex artery and left anterior descending artery territories, therefore we decided to perform VT ablation. We used a Carto 3 Biosense Webster electro-anatomical mapping system (EAM) guided by fusion imaging (cardiac MRI and multidetector computed tomography - MDCT) with the aid of ADAS 3D software. The voltage map created during sinus rhythm, was concordant with the lesions identified on LGE-CMR. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation targeted abnormal signals from the EAM, which were identified based on conduction channels (CCs) from the fusion imaging. There was complete VT non-inducibility at programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). At the 3-month follow-up, echocardiography showed a slight improvement in LVEF and repeated PVS proved persistent ventricular arrhythmia non-inducibility.

CONCLUSION

Substrate-based VT ablation in structural heart disease has greatly improved by high-resolution substrate imaging with detailed anatomy, allowing successful personalized treatment. There is room for further improvement in the near future with the contribution of artificial intelligence, possibly with a more targeted and automated VT ablation.
Transforming Global Aid: An Analysis of the Evolution of International Development Assistance Policies and the Optimisation of Strategies During the 2000-2030’s
Authors: Sadykov R. R.
Published: April 2024

The sphere of international development assistance (IDA) is undergoing significant changes, primarily due to the economic rise of the countries of the Global South. At the same time, the importance of IDA as an area of interstate cooperation remains high, as evidenced by the priority attention to this area on the part of the UN and other influential international organisations. In this regard, from the standpoint of historical and sociological institutionalism, we have analysed the cause-and-effect relations that condition the current problems of IDA and proposed ways of solving these problems. Using the aforementioned theoretical approaches, the gap between the conceptual and practical development of international aid was identified, including how donors impose the development track and the concept of IDA itself on recipients. It is shown how, including as a result of “institutional layering” in the relevant organisations, the interaction between “new” and “traditional donors” is significantly impeded, and how the latter use historically developed structures to pursue their state interests against the background of objectively falling volumes of aid from their side to the countries in need. It was noted that in order to resolve the identified contradictions, it is necessary to start a discussion in the academic and professional community, based on inclusiveness and respect for cultural diversity, on the individual development trajectory for each society, the tasks of IDA and the forms of appropriate interaction in each case. It is important to encourage openness and independent criticism in order to objectively highlight the benefits to both recipients and donors of engaging in IDA activities. Efforts should continue to develop an integrated approach for more accurate and consistent monitoring that communicates results to the general public.
Alternative routes to intravenous procedural sedation to cardiovert unstable wide complex tachycardia – case report and review of literature
Authors: Alsuwaidi Ahmed , Njeim Mario , Khan Zafar , Almemari Ayesha
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cardioversion is the treatment of choice in an unstable patient with arrhythmia. It requires analgesia and sedation, which is usually given via intravenous route. However, when there is a failure to get vascular access, alternatives routes to intravenous (IV) sedation and analgesia are needed.
Case Presentation:
A 59 year old male patient was presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of chest pain and palpitation. His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed new onset rapid narrow complex atrial fibrillation, which then converted to wide complex tachycardia. Initially, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, but his blood pressure dropped, when cardioversion was indicated. In this case, intranasal (IN) and intraosseous (IO) routes were used, both of which are uncommon to be used for sedation in an unstable patient. The sedatives bioavailability and dosage via non intravenous (non-IV) routes are not commonly used, hence, literature was reviewed to find out the appropriate sedative dosage via non-IV routes specifically in IN and IO route for moderate sedation in ED, to facilitate procedures like cardioversion.
Conclusion:
It was believed that IN and IO routes are good alternatives to intravenous routes when timely vascular access can't be secured and when emergency medication administration is required.
Emergency Medicine Physicians Success Rate in Reducing Anterior Shoulder Dislocations: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Alshalhoub Mohammed , Alawlah Hamad , Alageel Mohammed , Alhumaid Lina , Altamimi Dana , Benmeakel Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Background:
Shoulder dislocations are common occurrences, with anterior shoulder dislocations being the most prevalent. Various reduction techniques are employed, but success rates and influencing factors remain variable. This study aims to evaluate the success rate of anterior shoulder reductions performed by emergency physicians, as well as factors contributing to reduction failure and extended emergency department (ED) stay.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City from 2019 to 2022, focusing on patients presenting with closed anterior shoulder dislocation. Data were collected from medical records included patient demographics, mechanism of injury, method of reduction, and length of stay in the ED. Statistical analyses explored associations and relationships between variables.

Results:
A total of 179 patients were included. The mean age was 32 years. Most patients had normal BMI (34.6%), and the right shoulder was more frequently affected (56.4%). Falls (38.0%) and daily activities (33.5%) were common mechanisms of injury. Patients presenting within 3 hours had a mean ED stay of 3 hours and 54 minutes, compared to 6 hours and 43 minutes for those presenting later (p < 0.001). The success rate was 94.8% for early presenters and 84.3% for late presenters. Orthopedic involvement resulted in longer ED stays (8 hours and 48 minutes ± 5 hours and 20 minutes), while those without orthopedic referral had shorter stays (4 hours and 40 minutes ± 3 hours and 17 minutes). The waiting time for outpatient appointments was significantly shorter for patients with orthopedic involvement (8 days) compared to those without (39 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Emergency medicine physicians achieved a high success rate in reducing anterior shoulder dislocations. The study underscores the importance of early presentation to the ED and orthopedic involvement in achieving favorable outcomes. The findings contribute to enhancing the understanding and management of closed anterior shoulder dislocations in emergency medicine.
An innovative curriculum development experience: Emergency Medical Dispatch role in the Healthcare Transformation Vision of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsofayan Yousef , Almakhalas Kharsan , Alabdali Abdullah , Arafat Mohammed , Aljerian Nawfal , Cluntun Ameera , Alshammari Waad , Alharthi Salman , Alhajjaj Fahad , Alowais Jalal , Alsolamy Sami , Mzahim Bandr , Sabbagh Abdulrahman
Published: April 2024

Background
Healthcare medical dispatch systems play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital services. This includes facilitating the interpretation of various dispatch-related systems, receiving incident calls, categorizing cases, guiding proper resources deployment, and providing proper instructions before the arrival of healthcare providers. Considering the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA's) health sector transformation plan as part of Vision 2030, developing an Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) Program as part of essential prehospital services will allow rapid and competent healthcare delivery. In this study, our purpose is to describe the curriculum development of the EMD Program to improve the training of dispatchers and to share the experience in the interest of better prehospital dispatch systems.
Methods
A selected group of education experts and academics in emergency medical services dispatch were assigned to develop an EMD curriculum over six months. This study aims to describe the approach followed in developing an innovative EMD Program to share the experience and ultimately standardize dispatch-related training programs. The data of this study was collected by reviewing approved documents of the EMD Program including program curriculum, syllabus, logbook, and exam blueprint after approval letters were received from the Health Academy, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties.
Results
The development of the EMD program utilized a consecutive mixed approach starting with a competency-based with backward design method to ensure the achievement of targeted outcomes followed by the Kern Six-step curriculum development model, namely: (1) problem identification and general need assessment; (2) targeted need assessment; (3) goals and objectives; (4) educational strategies; (5) implementation; and (6) evaluation and feedback. This resulted in four comprehensive modules and seventeen competencies in interpreting various dispatch systems, prioritizing incidents, deploying proper resources, and providing pre-arrival instructions throughout the fourteen-week EMD Program.
Conclusion
As part of the health sector transformation plan in KSA, EMD services play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital healthcare services. Developing an EMD Program with a consecutive mixed approach might improve the current operations of EMD services.
Using a 5P Strategic Medical Stockpile model to build an optimal and resilient supply chain in health emergencies
Authors: Vats Kanika , Sharif Yasser
Published: April 2024

Background: The healthcare sector witnessed the occurrences and impacts of disruptions on supply chains during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Consequently, it is essential to strengthen institutional medical supply chain systems by addressing the key attributes of strategic stockpile plan renewal: flexibility, traceability and transparency, perseverance and responsiveness, global independence, and equitable access.
Aim and objective: To establish a resilient supply chain integrated into the emergency management cycle by proposing a sustainable 5P Strategic Medical Stockpile model.
Settings: Online evidence, available literature, and lessons learned during the COVID-19 response in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Methods: This review employed a systematic methodology of identification, selection, assessment, synthesis, and interpretation of data from peer-reviewed articles, review reports, and response frameworks spanning the years 2012 to 2020. Additionally, media reports and announcements were analyzed to determine the implications of COVID-19 on the supply chain from 2020 to 2022. Recommendations are formulated in response to the identified shortcomings revealed during the review process, as well as considering experiences and lessons resulting from responses to address COVID-19 in the Abu Dhabi Health Sector.
Results: Our analysis revealed a deficiency in effective operational protocols for building a robust supply chain. The experience gained from responding to COVID-19 has highlighted deficiencies such as unclear issues with stockpiles, inadequate resources, insufficient planning, the absence of established procedures, and a lack of performance monitoring. The pandemic had a tremendous impact on health systems and medical supply chains worldwide. Our suggested model necessitates aligning responses with national contingency protocols. Accountability may fluctuate during each phase of an emergency, depending on decision-making authority and jurisdictional capabilities.
Conclusion: The proposed 5P model can support policymakers, health regulators, institutions, and professionals in formulating strategies to establish a resilient stockpile system that serves as a medical supply chain buffer when supplies are not instantly accessible.
Patterns and Management of Upper and Lower Limb Fractures in Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashidi Abdualelah , Alghannam Ibrahim , Alghamdi Faisal
Published: April 2024

Background: Pediatric fractures constitute a significant public health concern globally, with varying implications on healthcare systems and affected individuals. While global trends have been well-documented, research in Saudi Arabia, particularly within a tertiary care setting, continues to contribute significantly to the understanding of this issue.
Methods: This retrospective chart review, conducted over a four-year period from 2019 to 2023, analyzed pediatric fracture cases at a major hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study included 286 children aged 14 years or younger presenting with new fractures. Data on demographics, fracture types, anatomical locations, and treatment modalities were extracted from electronic health records and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.
Results: The study found a higher incidence of fractures in males, particularly increasing after age 8, with radial, metatarsal, and humeral fractures being the most common. Radial fractures, especially distal radial fractures, were predominant, and the majority were treated with casts and backslabs. Metatarsal fractures were more prevalent in males, predominantly treated with backslabs, while humeral fractures were more common in females, mainly treated with backslabs and slings.
Conclusion: This study provides essential insights into pediatric fracture patterns in a Saudi Arabian tertiary care setting, echoing global trends and underscoring the need for conservative treatment approaches. Future research should expand on long-term outcomes, broader demographic factors, and the impact of comorbidities to enhance pediatric fracture management and healthcare strategies.
BAĞIRSAK MİKROBİYOTASININ KARDİYOVASKÜLER, ENDOKRİN VE NÖROLOJİK SİSTEMLER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: Erkan Berrak , Tekuzman Dilan , Kolukısa Sena Bade , Göçmen Julide Sedef
Published: April 2024

Mikrobiyota, bir organizmanın, onun çevresinin ve habitatlarının üzerinde veya içinde yaşayan mikroorganizmaların kolektif topluluğudur. Bu mikroorganizmalar bakterileri, arkeaları, mantarları, virüsleri ve diğer mikroskobik organizmaları içerir. Mikrobiyota genellikle doğal sistemlerde var olan ve konakçı organizma ile karşılıklı bir ilişkiye sahip olan organizmaları ifade eder. Özellikle bağırsak mikrobiyotası bağırsaklarda geniş bir bakteri kolonisi olarak bulunur ve sindirim süreçlerine yardımcı olur. Ayrıca bağışıklık sisteminin düzenlenmesinde de önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının daha iyi anlaşılması, çeşitli hastalıkların ve sağlık durumlarının tedavisi ve önlenmesine yönelik potansiyel yeni yaklaşımların keşfedilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu nedenle mikrobiyota ile ilgili araştırma ve keşifler bilim dünyasının ve tıp alanının önemli bir ilgi odağıdır. Bu makalede; bağırsak mikrobiyotasının kardiyovasküler, endokrin ve sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir.
COMPLIANCE OF HOSPITAL HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS WITH CONTACT LENS USE AND CARE
Authors: Tüfekçi Balıkçı Ayşe , Cazımoğlu İzel , Yalnız Akkaya Zuleyha , Burcu Ayşe
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study aimed to assess if healthcare professionals who wear contact lenses in hospitals comply with the rules for contact lenses use and care.
Material and Methods: A survey consisting of questions about contact lenses use and care was distributed to healthcare professionals. The survey investigated the following: a) Demographic data, b) Routines related to the use of contact lenses (type, indication, duration, overnight use), c) Routines related to contact lenses maintenance and cleaning (solution usage habit, exposure to water, hygiene of hands and lens cases).
Results: The average age of the participants was 28.35±5.58; 76% were women, and 87.3% were doctors. Contact lenses usage duration was 8.16 years. Most of them wore soft contact lenses for myopia that was changed monthly. 95.8% of participants were prescribed contact lenses by an ophthalmologist. To clean the contact lenses, 93.3% of the participants used multi-purpose solutions, and 7.3% reported that they rarely washed the contact lenses with tap water. A high level of compliance was observed with overnight use, washing hands before putting on and taking off contact lenses, expiration date, and filling the solution into the box or sharing it. Moderate compliance rates were noted for swimming and showering with contact lenses, cleaning, and changing the lens case and contact lenses.
Conclusion: Although healthcare professionals are compliant with the use and care of the contact lenses, it is thought that some of them still need training on avoiding contact with water while wearing the contact lenses, never using tap water, and cleaning the lens case and the contact lenses effectively.
Foliar epidermal micromorphology of genus Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Phyllanthaceae) by using light and electron microscopy
Authors: Brahma Priyanka , Baruah Sanjib
Published: April 2024

The present study was conducted to compare both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of foliar epidermal micromorphology on some members of Glochidion in Assam. As taxonomic attributes, the foliar epidermal micromorphology study of nine taxa of both abaxial and adaxial surfaces was performed by using light microscopy (LM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The result showed both amphistomatic and hypostomatic types of leaf surfaces. On the same surface of the leaf, multiple types of stomata were observed such as anomocytic, anisocytic, hemiparacytic, and paracytic types. Significant diversity and variations were observed in stomatal number, size, area, epidermal cell number, subsidiary cells, and trichomes. The stomatal index, stomatal shape, epidermal cell shape, length and width of the stomata, and trichomes showed variation among the studied taxa. Glands were absent in all studied members. Papillae and epicuticular wax crystals were observed in some taxa. In addition, a taxonomic key was also provided based on foliar leaf epidermal characteristics using qualitative and quantitative data from LM and FESEM. Based on quantitative data of foliar leaf micromorphology, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were carried out to authenticate the micromorphological data. These would aid in the identification of taxa as well as in taxonomic delimitation.
An-ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using microalga Desmodesmus protuberans and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity
Authors:   „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, România, UNGUREANU CLAUDIA - VERONICA , CHIHAI RODICA ,   „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, România, SARACU ALINA - FLORENTINA ,   „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, România, CEOROMILA ALINA - MIHAELA ,   „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, România
Published: April 2024

Due to the numerous uses for nanoparticles, nanoparticle production is currently a particularly fascinating topic of research. Since no harmful chemicals are employed during the biological process, it is thought to be the safest and cleanest method. The strong ability of algae to absorb metals and decrease metal ions makes algal synthesis of Ag-NPs particularly intriguing. The current work concentrated on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the microalgae Desmodesmus protuberans. The preparation of nanoparticles was confirmed by the observation of the color change of the mixture of silver nitrate, after the addition of the cell free algal extract, from bright green to reddish yellow. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was further con􀂿rmed by scanning electron microscopic and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles demonstrated a signi􀂿cant antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic microorganisms.