bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of 4‐AMTT‐Pd(II) complex over Fe3O4@SiO2 as supported nanocatalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐heck cross‐coupling reactions in water
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Kalantari Tarrari Mina , Jajarmi Saeideh
Published: December 2017

Immobilization of Pd(II) nanoparticles on silica‐coated modified magnetite particles has been readily achieved via a surface modification of Fe3O4 particles with 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐4‐H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (4‐AMTT) as a ligand. This magnetite nanocatalyst was characterized by various analyses such as FT‐IR, SEM/EDX, ICP‐AES, VSM, TEM, XRD, XPS and TGA. This nanocatalyst showed admirable catalytic activity for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck cross‐coupling reactions under mild conditions in water, and could be simply separated by an outer magnet and reused for several times.
Silver, iron, and nickel immobilized on hydroxyapatite‐core‐shell γ‐Fe2O3 MNPs catalyzed one‐pot five‐component reactions for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridines by tandem condensation of amines, aldehydes, and methyl acetoacetate
Authors: Sajjadifar Sami , Rezayati Sobhan , Shahriari Azadeh , Abbaspour Sima
Published: December 2017

In this study, Ag, Ni2+, and Fe2+ immobilized on hydroxyapatite‐core‐shell γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles (γ‐Fe2O3@HAp‐Ag, γ‐Fe2O3@HAp‐Ni2+, and γ‐Fe2O3@HAp‐Fe2+) as a new and reusable Lewis acid magnetic nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized and reported for an atom economic, extremely facile, and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydropyridines derivatives 4a‐t is described by one‐pot five‐component reaction of 2 equiv of aldehydes 1, 2 equiv of amines 2, and 1 equiv of methyl acetoacetate 3 in EtOH at room temperature in good to high yields and short reaction time. The presented methodology offers several advantages such as easy work‐up procedure, reusability of the magnetic nanocatalyst, operational simplicity, green synthesis avoiding toxic reagents and solvent, mild reaction conditions, and no tedious column chromatographic separation.
Mesoporous hollow silicon spheres modified with manganese ion sieve: Preparation and its application for adsorption of lithium and rubidium ions
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Jicheng , Xu Xuechao , Yang Dongya , Zheng Xudong , Pan Jianming , Zhang Tao , Qiu Fengxian , Li Chunxiang
Published: December 2017

In this work, mesoporous hollow silicon spheres modified with 3‐aminopropyl‐ triethoxysilane (APTES) of loaded hydrogen manganese oxide lithium ion sieve (APTES/HMO‐ HS) was prepared. The structure and morphology of as‐prepared APTES/HMO‐HS were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurements. The Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface areas, pore diameters and pore volumes of APTES/HMO‐HS decreased gradually, while the Li:Mn:Si molar ratios range from 1:1:50 to 1:1:10. The obtained hierarchical porous APTES/50HMO‐HS has a high specific surface area (557.1694 m2 g‐1). The lithium and rubidium ions solutions were used to measure the adsorption performance of the APTES/HMO‐HS adsorbent. The pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms of APTES/HMO‐HS were investigated; suggesting that the adsorption kinetics can be described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherms well fits the Langmuir isotherm equation. The obtained results show that the prepared APTES/HMO‐HS exhibits excellent abilities to simultaneously and selectively recover Li+ and Rb+ (11.22 mg·g‐1 and 8.31 mg·g‐1) and have a promising application in the simultaneous adsorption of lithium and rubidium ions.
Trickle bed applied to the post‐treatment of blast furnace dust
Authors: Thieffry Guillemette , Charvet Augustin , Bardin‐Monnier Nathalie , Thomas Dominique
Published: December 2017

This study aims to develop an original filtration device based on a trickle bed technology which permits to treat high gas flow rates while maintaining a constant pressure drop by re‐entraining continuously the particles trapped on collectors, thanks to a water film flow. Good results have been obtained for an air flow rate of 20 m3/hr, a liquid flow rate of 12 L/min and using glass beads of 5‐mm diameter as collectors. Experimental results showed a good mass efficiency (89%) and a pressure drop which stabilizes under clogging unlike that of a granular bed which increases during the clogging. The experiments certifying a stable pressure drop during a few tens of hours let us suppose that these tendencies should be extrapolated to much larger times.
Enhanced mechanical properties and fire retardancy of polyamide 6 nanocomposites based on interdigitated crystalline montmorillonite–melamine cyanurate
Authors: Zhao Min , Yi Deqi , Yang Rongjie
Published: December 2017

Polyamide 6 (PA6)–montmorillonite (MMT)–melamine cyanurate (MCA) nanocomposites were prepared by the incorporation of interdigitated crystalline MMT–MCA. Their morphologies were assessed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability measurement by thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical properties measurement by tensile tests, and fire retardancy measurement by limiting oxygen index testing and vertical burning testing (UL‐94). The results indicate that MMT–MCA was homogeneously nanodispersed in PA6. Compared with PA6–MCA, the PA6–MMT–MCA nanocomposites showed enhanced thermal stability. The mechanical properties and fire retardancy show that the PA6–MMT–MCA nanocomposites with 5 wt % total loading of MMT–MCA reached UL‐94 V‐2 rating (3.2 mm) and significantly increased the tensile strength of PA6 up to 24.8 % with only 1 wt % MMT in PA6. Through the control the weight ratio of MMT and MCA in MMT–MCA, the Young's modulus of PA6 could be adjusted in a very wide range (300–1100 MPa) because of the dual role of the rigid MMT and nonrigid MCA layers. The reinforced mechanism of the mechanical properties was also investigated. Consequently, the PA6–MMT–MCA nanocomposites with a good nanodispersing ability, improved thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and good flame retardancy were obtained and could provide broad prospects for wider applications for PA6 materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46039.
Melt‐processable and self‐healing poly(vinyl alcohol) elastomer containing diol groups in the side chain
Authors: Li Fayong , Xia Hesheng
Published: December 2017

A 3‐amino‐1,2‐propane diol functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) elastomer (PVA–COO–AP) with melt processability and self‐healing properties was prepared by chemical graft modification, that is, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) carboxylation and carbodiimide reaction. Unlike that of conventional PVA modifiers, the incorporation of diol groups in the 3‐amino‐1,2‐propane diol molecules onto PVA chains reduced the breaking of intrinsic hydrogen‐bonding interactions of PVA because of the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the diol groups and the hydroxyl groups of PVA. PVA–COO–AP possessed a lower melting temperature and a higher decomposition temperature than PVA; this enabled the melt processing of PVA. The PVA–COO–AP samples prepared by compression molding exhibited excellent flexibility and elasticity, and the samples with a lower glass‐transition temperature below ambient temperature could be self‐healed because of the existence of dynamic hydrogen bonds. AP–COO–AP is believed to have potential applications in the fields of fibers and biomedical membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46050.
Synthesis of phospholipidated β‐cyclodextrin and its application for flame‐retardant poly(lactic acid) with ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Han Pengyu , Fang Zhengping
Published: December 2017

In this study, phospholipidated β‐cyclodextrin (PCD) was obtained by the condensation between β‐cyclodextrin and phenyl phosphonic acid dichloride, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 1H‐NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends [PLA–ammonium polyphosphate (APP)–PCD] were measured by TGA coupled to FTIR spectroscopy, vertical burning test (UL‐94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimetry tests. The results show that the mass ratio and loading amount of APP and PCD affected the properties of PLA. When the loading of APP and PCD was 30 wt % and the mass ratio of APP to PCD was 5:1, the highest LOI value of 42.6% (that of neat PLA was 19.7%) and a UL‐94 V0 rating were achieved, and the reduction of the total heat release was greater than 80%. Even when the total amount of APP and PCD was decreased to 20 wt % with the same mass ratio, the flame‐retardant PLA still can achieved a UL‐94 V0 rating. The improved performance was explained by the formation of an intumescent, continuous, contact char layer. Moreover, the reaction between APP and PCD contributed to the improvement of the thermal stability of the char residue. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46054.
Research of phenolic crosslinker gel for profile control and oil displacement in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs
Authors: Fang Jichao , Wang Jianhai , Wen Quanyi , Fang Sisi , He Xiaoqing , Ma Yan , Wu Yining , Dai Caili
Published: December 2017

To further enhance oil recovery of high temperature and high salinity reservoir at Tahe Oilfield, field test results from profile control and oil displacement of gel were carried out in this article. Static and dynamic evaluations were performed through gel strength code method, environment scanning electron microscope, and physical simulation experiment devices. The field test results show that, under the conditions of high temperature (100.8 °C) and salinity (19.8 × 104 mg/L), the stable gel system was formed with gelling time range from 26 to 45 h, gel strength ranging from E to H, and dehydrating amount lower than 3.0% after ageing 60 days. Meanwhile, the microstructure is very stable. When the permeability and gel strength ranges from 0.212 to 0.970 μm2 and E to H, respectively, the plugging ratio is larger than 85%, and the plugging performance becomes better with the increase of permeability or gel strength. Due to the profile improvement rate of 99.8% and the oil recovery up to 28.5%, profile control and oil displacement technology of gel can effectively promote fluid diverting. The water cut reduced from 95.2% to 89.0% during field test carried out in Tahe Oilfield, which means that profile control and oil displacement technology of gel could stabilize oil production by water control effectively. Also, this technology has a wide application prospective that provides with strong technical support for further enhanced oil recovery in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46075.
Effect of POSS‐grafted titanium dioxide on the electrical and thermal properties of LDPE/TiO2 polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Anh Tung Tran , Fréchette Michel , David Éric , Veillette René , Moraille Patricia
Published: December 2017

Two types of nanocomposites have been fabricated by a ball‐milling technique. The first type consists of untreated titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated into low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). For the second one, TiO2 filler chemically treated with trisilanol phenyl–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (TP–POSS) as compatibilizing agent was ball‐milled with LDPE. All specimens were tested by microstructure analysis and thermal, dielectric characterization techniques. Microstructure analysis by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show clearly an increased dispersion in presence of POSS. Scanning electron microscopy even shows the formation of a particular structure due possibly to interactions between functionalization. It was observed that the modification of the surface of TiO2 by the POSS decreased the dielectric loss. All nanocomposites containing treated TiO2 revealed an improvement in thermal conductivity, with the most distinct value of 19% in case of LDPE containing 5 wt % treated TiO2. The incorporation of TiO2 fillers seems to reduce the dielectric breakdown strength of the nanocomposites. However, nanocomposites containing 3 and 5 wt % treated TiO2 have exhibited a slightly enhancement in dielectric breakdown strength up to 5%. The improvement in surface resistance to partial discharge was found in all nanocomposites specimens, especially for both types of composite containing 7 wt % untreated and treated TiO2. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46095.
Self‐Complementary Dimers of Oxalamide‐Functionalized Resorcinarene Tetrabenzoxazines
Authors: Džolić Zoran , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Cetina Mario , Turunen Lotta , Rissanen Kari
Published: December 2017

Self‐complementarity is a useful concept in supramolecular chemistry, molecular biology and polymeric systems. Two resorcinarene tetrabenzoxazines decorated with four oxalamide groups were synthesized and characterized. The oxalamide groups possessed self‐complementary hydrogen bonding sites between the carbonyls and amide groups. The self‐complementary nature of the oxalamide groups resulted in self‐included dimeric assemblies. The hydrogen bonding interactions within the tetrabenzoxazines gave rise to the formation of dimers, which were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions analysis and supported by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The self‐included dimers were connected by numerous and strong intermolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds supplemented with C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, forming one‐dimensional polymers, which were then further linked into three‐dimensional networks.
Self‐Template Synthesis of Hybrid Porous Co3O4–CeO2 Hollow Polyhedrons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Liu Kangfei , Tao Jing , Kang Xiaoting , Hou Haiyan , Cheng Cheng , Zhang Daojun
Published: December 2017

In this work, hybrid porous Co3O4–CeO2 hollow polyhedrons have been successfully obtained via a simple cation‐exchange route followed by heat treatment. In the synthesis process, ZIF‐67 polyhedron frameworks are firstly prepared, which not only serve as a host for the exchanged Ce3+ ions but also act as the template for the synthesis of hybrid porous Co3O4–CeO2 hollow polyhedrons. When utilized as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the hybrid porous Co3O4–CeO2 hollow polyhedrons delivered a large specific capacitance of 1288.3 F g−1 at 2.5 A g−1 and a remarkable long lifespan cycling stability (<3.3 % loss after 6000 cycles). Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device based on hybrid porous Co3O4–CeO2 hollow polyhedrons was assembled. The ASC device possesses an energy density of 54.9 W h kg−1, which can be retained to 44.2 W h kg−1 even at a power density of 5100 W kg−1, indicating its promising application in electrochemical energy storage. More importantly, we believe that the present route is a simple and versatile strategy for the preparation of other hybrid metal oxides with desired structures, chemical compositions and applications.
A Novel Application of Minimax LQG Control Technique for High‐speed Spiral Imaging
Authors: Habibullah H. , Pota H. R. , Petersen I. R.
Published: December 2017

Over the last two decades, increasing the scanning speed of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been attempted either by applying novel controllers, using alternative scanning methods, or by modifying the hardware setup. This paper demonstrates, the first two approaches to achieve high‐speed AFM image scanning. A robust minimax linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed and spiral scanning is considered as an alternative scanning method rather than conventional raster scanning. The minimax LQG controller is designed based on an uncertain system model which is constructed by measuring the plant variations due to variations in sample mass and also modeling error between the measured and model frequency responses. This controller is also robust against uncertainties introduced as a result of variations of sample mass, spillover dynamics of the scanner at frequencies higher than the first resonance frequency of the scanner, and variation in plant transfer functions due to temperature and humidity. The designed controller is experimentally implemented on an AFM using a dSPACE ds‐1103 real‐time prototyping system and open‐loop and closed‐loop spiral imaging performances are evaluated. The proposed controller provides sufficient damping at the resonant modes to accurately track the sinusoidal reference signal and generate vibration free images. Also, creep, hysteresis, and cross‐coupling effects are significantly reduced. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the open‐loop case and some other existing approaches.
Implementing and evaluating early intervention for children with autism: Where are the gaps and what should we do?
Authors: Vivanti Giacomo , Kasari Connie , Green Jonathan , Mandell David , Maye Melissa , Hudry Kristelle
Published: December 2017

Despite recent advances, the evidence base supporting early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains relatively sparse. The International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) recently sponsored a Special Interest Group (SIG) on Implementing and Evaluating Community‐Based Early Intervention. Across three meetings, in 2015, 2016, and 2017, conveners of this SIG engaged >200 members to identify knowledge gaps and research priorities for moving the field forward. Here, we summarize the perspectives that emerged from group discussion at the SIG meetings as represented by scholars working actively in the field. Despite encouraging progress, critical gaps and research priorities were identified across all the stages of intervention development and testing from conceptualization to community implementation. Key issues include the need for (a) formal theories to guide early intervention development, evaluation, and implementation; and alignment of intervention goals with scientific knowledge and societal changes that have occurred in the decades since interventions were originally developed; (b) increased focus on feasibility of treatment procedures and alignment with stakeholder values during pilot evaluations; (c) use of research designs that allow for comparisons of different interventions and formats, analyses of active ingredients of treatment, and identification of moderators and mediators of outcome; (d) use of community‐partnered participatory research to guide adaptation of intervention models to community settings; (e) inclusion of constructs related to implementation processes and outcomes in treatment trials and; (f) an iterative approach to the progression of knowledge from intervention development to implementation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 16–23. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

In this article, we summarize the themes discussed at the INSAR Special Interest Group (SIG) on Implementing and Evaluating Community‐Based Early Intervention. Priorities for moving the field forward identified in the SIG included the need for (a) formal theories to guide the development and evaluation of interventions, (b) pilot evaluations that investigate feasibility and acceptability of interventions, (c) methodologies that allow us to determine for whom different interventions bring most benefit and why this is so, (d) strategies to include community members and other stakeholders in the process of developing and evaluating interventions, and (e) understanding of factors that make interventions more likely to be adopted and successfully implemented in the real world.
Global biomass trade for energy – Part 1: Statistical and methodological considerations
Authors: Proskurina Svetlana , Junginger Martin , Heinimö Jussi , Vakkilainen Esa
Published: December 2017

Many countries have limited, low‐cost biomass resources to satisfy their own demand for bioenergy. International trade of biomass in various solid and liquid forms is consequently increasing. The aim of this study is to present a quantitative overview of the development of international biomass trade for energy purposes, including a discussion of methodological issues. The paper focuses on the production, export, and import of solid and liquid biofuels, including industrial roundwood, wood chips, fuel wood, wood pellets, biodiesel, and bioethanol. The study highlights changes in trends that have occurred over the past decade. Trade on global bioenergy markets is increasing: total trade of biomass for energy purposes is estimated as having increased twofold from around 780 PJ in 2004 to 1250 PJ in 2015. Despite the importance of the bioenergy market and the growth of biomass trade for energy, accurate evaluation of energy‐related biomass trade faces several methodological challenges, such as uncertainties in international statistics, inconsistent data regarding export and import volumes, as well as limited information about the final use of traded products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A Systematic Scoping Review of the Choice Architecture Movement: Toward Understanding When and Why Nudges Work
Authors: Szaszi Barnabas , Palinkas Anna , Palfi Bence , Szollosi Aba , Aczel Balazs
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we provide a domain‐general scoping review of the nudge movement by reviewing 422 choice architecture interventions in 156 empirical studies. We report the distribution of the studies across countries, years, domains, subdomains of applicability, intervention types, and the moderators associated with each intervention category to review the current state of the nudge movement. Furthermore, we highlight certain characteristics of the studies and experimental and reporting practices that can hinder the accumulation of evidence in the field. Specifically, we found that 74% of the studies were mainly motivated to assess the effectiveness of the interventions in one specific setting, while only 24% of the studies focused on the exploration of moderators or underlying processes. We also observed that only 7% of the studies applied power analysis, 2% used guidelines aiming to improve the quality of reporting, no study in our database was preregistered, and the used intervention nomenclatures were non‐exhaustive and often have overlapping categories. Building on our current observations and proposed solutions from other fields, we provide directly applicable recommendations for future research to support the evidence accumulation on why and when nudges work. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to Decide with and without Reasoning: How Task Experience Affects Attribute Weighting and Preference Stability
Authors: Leisti Tuomas , Häkkinen Jukka
Published: December 2017

Certain experiments have shown that reasoning may weaken the stability of people's preferences, especially with regard to well‐learned perceptual judgment and decision‐making tasks, while learning has an opposite, consistency‐enhancing effect on preferences. We examined the effects of these factors in a visual multi‐attribute decision‐making task where reasoning, in contrast, has been found to benefit judgments by making them more stable. The initial assumption in this study was that this benefit would be typical for novel tasks, like the one employed here, and that it would decrease when the task is thoroughly learned. This assumption was examined in three experiments by contrasting it with an alternative assumption that this previously obtained beneficial effect is caused solely by learning, not by reasoning. It was found that learning indeed makes preferences more stable by consolidating the weights of the attributes. Reasoning, however, does not benefit this task when it is completely novel but facilitates learning and stability of the preferences long run, therefore increasing the consistency of the participants in the macrolevel. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ca2+‐Dependent Hyperpolarization Pathways in Sleep Homeostasis and Mental Disorders
Authors: Shi Shoi , Ueda Hiroki R.
Published: December 2017

Although we are beginning to understand the neuronal and biochemical nature of sleep regulation, questions remain about how sleep is homeostatically regulated. Beyond its importance in basic physiology, understanding sleep may also shed light on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent genetic studies in mammals revealed several non‐secretory proteins that determine sleep duration. Interestingly, genes identified in these studies are closely related to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that the sleep‐wake cycle shares some common mechanisms with these disorders. Here we review recent sleep studies, including reverse and forward genetic studies, from the perspectives of sleep duration and homeostasis. We then introduce a recent hypothesis for mammalian sleep in which the fast and slow Ca2+‐dependent hyperpolarization pathways are pivotal in generating the SWS firing pattern and regulating sleep homeostasis, respectively. Finally, we propose that these intracellular pathways are potential therapeutic targets for achieving depolarization/hyperpolarization (D/H) balance in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Effects of computer‐aided instruction on the implementation of the MSWO stimulus preference assessment
Authors: Arnal Wishnowski Lindsay , Yu C.T. , Pear Joseph , Chand Carly , Saltel Lilian
Published: December 2017

This study evaluated a self‐instructional online training package to teach students and staff to conduct a stimulus preference assessment using the multiple‐stimulus without replacement procedure. The training package included a self‐instructional manual and video modeling and was delivered online. Training was evaluated using a multiple‐probe design across a total of six university students and four staff members. Overall, students improved from a mean of 35% correct in baseline to a mean of 94% correct following training, and staff improved from a mean of 23% correct in baseline to a mean of 87% correct following training. During retention and generalization simulated assessments conducted from 7 to 17 days following training, all participants performed considerably above baseline. The online delivery of the self‐instructional manual plus video modeling has tremendous potential for providing an effective method for teaching individuals to conduct stimulus preference assessments without face‐to‐face instruction.
Jack Aviv and brains of children
Authors: Lamola Angelo A.
Published: December 2017

Both lead intoxication in early childhood and deficient bilirubin‐binding capacity (BBC) of blood in jaundiced neonates indicate risk for brain damage. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is a biomarker for lead intoxication (PbI) as well as well as for iron deficiency. Under the leadership of Jack Aviv, Aviv Biomedical, Inc. developed robust hematofluorometers for point‐of‐care assays of ZPP in blood and for the high‐affinity BBC of blood. These assays use just drops of whole blood and are simple, fast and inexpensive. ZPP by hematofluorometry has been used world‐wide as a primary screen for lead intoxication since 1979. Recent clinical studies enabled by an Aviv Biomedical, Inc. bilirubin hematofluorometer have renewed interest in BBC‐based assessment of neurotoxicity for improved management of neonatal jaundice. This article sketches Jack Aviv's contribution to the development and application of hematofluorometry.
Paramagnetism in Bacillus spores: Opportunities for novel biotechnological applications
Authors: Xu Zhou Ke , Ionescu Adrian , Wan Eamon , Ho Yeuk N. , Barnes Crispin H.W. , Christie Graham , Wilson D. Ian
Published: December 2017

Spores of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis were found to exhibit intrinsic paramagnetic properties as a result of the accumulation of manganese ions. All three Bacillus species displayed strong yet distinctive magnetic properties arising from differences in manganese quantity and valency. Manganese ions were found to accumulate both within the spore core as well as being associated with the surface of the spore. Bacillus megaterium spores accumulated up to 1 wt.% manganese (II) within, with a further 0.6 wt.% adsorbed onto the surface. At room temperature, Bacillus spores possess average magnetic susceptibilities in the range of 10−6 to 10−5. Three spore‐related biotechnological applications—magnetic sensing, magnetic separation and metal ion adsorption—were assessed subsequently, with the latter two considered as having the most potential for development.
Vitamin B12 association with mAbs: Mechanism and potential mitigation strategies
Authors: Du Cheng , Martin Robert , Huang Yunping , Borwankar Ameya , Tan Zhijun , West Jay , Singh Nripen , Borys Michael , Ghose Sanchayita , Ludwig Richard , Tao Li , Li Zheng Jian
Published: December 2017

Process control for manufacturing biologics is critical for ensuring product quality, safety, and lot to lot consistency of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we investigated the root cause of the pink coloration observed for various in‐process pools and drug substances in the antibody manufacturing process. Vitamin B12 is covalently bound to mAbs via a cobalt‐sulfur coordinate bond via the cysteine residues. The vitamin B12 was identified to attach to an IgG4 molecule at cysteine residues on light chain (Cys‐214), and heavy chain (Cys‐134, Cys‐321, Cys‐367, and Cys‐425). Prior to attachment to mAbs, the vitamin B12 needs to be in its active form of hydroxocobalamin. During culture media preparation, storage and cell culture processing, cyanocobalamin, the chemical form of vitamin B12 added to media, is converted to hydroxocobalamin by white fluorescence light (about 50% degradation in 11–14 days at room temperature and with room light intensity about 500–1,000 lux) and by short‐wavelength visible light (400–550 nm). However, cyanocobalamin is stable under red light (wavelength >600 nm) exposure and does not convert to hydroxocobalamin. Our findings suggests that the intensity of pink color depends on concentrations of both free sulfhydryl groups on reduced mAb and hydroxocobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12. Both reactants are necessary and neither one of them is sufficient to generate pink color, therefore process control strategy can consider limiting either one or both factors. A process control strategy to install red light (wavelength >600 nm) in culture media preparation, storage and culture processing areas is proposed to provide safe light for biologics and to prevent light‐induced color variations in final products.
Observations on the inconsistency of dermatome maps and its effect on knowledge and confidence in clinical students
Authors: Challoumas D. , Ferro A. , Walker A. , Brassett C.
Published: December 2017

Dermatomes are an important component of medical curricula and clinical practice. In addition to the intrinsic complexity of dermatome maps, their discrepancies in the literature make their learning among students even more difficult. These discrepancies are particularly evident in the lower deltoid (“regimental badge” area) and upper back. The aims of our study were firstly to identify and compare published versions of the dermatome map focusing on depictions of the “regimental badge” area and upper back, secondly to assess the perceived confidence and knowledge of dermatomes among medical students, and finally to create and introduce a simplified dermatome map. For the first part of the study, depictions of dermatome maps that included the “regimental badge” area and upper back in webpages and books were compared. For the second part, a dermatome exercise was given to 177 medical students who were asked to draw and label the dermatomes on blank figures. A total of 45 sources depicting dermatomes of the “regimental badge” area and upper back were included in the study and showed significant discrepancies in both areas. In the dermatome exercise, the mean perceived confidence was 3.64 ± 1.58 (scale 1–10). Based on our pre‐set assessment criteria, upper limb, lower limb, nipple, umbilicus, and perineum dermatomes were labeled correctly by 57.1%, 43.5%, 52.6%, 60%, and 75.7% students, respectively. In light of our results, we propose a map of autonomous regions of clinically relevant dermatomes that can be used instead of whole dermatome maps for teaching purposes. Clin. Anat. 31:293–300, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism
Authors: Ke Rong , Xu Qicao , Li Cong , Luo Lingyu , Huang Deqiang
Published: December 2017

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy balance by decreasing the ATP‐consuming processes such as transcription of synthetic fat genes and rRNA, the translation of ribosomal proteins, synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, while the metabolic pathways such as glucose and fatty transport, fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, mitochondrial synthesis and oxidative metabolism are increased to preserve ATP during energy deficiency. Recent advance has demonstrated that AMPK activity has a close association with the initiation and progression in various cancers. Here we review the mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption, and further discuss the deregulation of AMPK in cancers.
Modified jailed balloon technique for bifurcation lesions
Authors: Saito Shigeru , Shishido Koki , Moriyama Noriaki , Ochiai Tomoki , Mizuno Shingo , Yamanaka Futoshi , Sugitatsu Kazuya , Tobita Kazuki , Matsumi Junya , Tanaka Yutaka , Murakami Masato
Published: December 2017

Objectives

We propose a new systematic approach in bifurcation lesions, modified jailed balloon technique (M‐JBT), and report the first clinical experience.

Background

Side branch occlusion brings with a serious complication and occurs in more than 7.0% of cases during bifurcation stenting.

Methods

A jailed balloon (JB) is introduced into the side branch (SB), while a stent is placed in the main branch (MB) as crossing SB. The size of the JB is half of the MB stent size. While the proximal end of JB attaching to MB stent, both stent and JB are simultaneously inflated with same pressure. JB is removed and then guidewires are recrossed. Kissing balloon dilatation (KBD) and/or T and protrusion (TAP) stenting are applied as needed.

Results

Between February 2015 and February 2016, 233 patients (254 bifurcation lesions including 54 left main trunk disease) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using this technique. Procedure success was achieved in all cases. KBD was performed for 183 lesions and TAP stenting was employed for 31 lesions. Occlusion of SV was not observed in any of the patients. Bench test confirmed less deformity of MB stent in M‐JBT compared with conventional‐JBT.

Conclusions

This is the first report for clinical experiences by using modified jailed balloon technique. This novel M‐JBT is safe and effective in the preservation of SB patency during bifurcation stenting.
Ambulatory central VA‐ECMO with biventricular decompression for acute cardiogenic shock
Authors: Rao Prashant , Alouidor Benjamin , Smith Richard , Khalpey Zain
Published: December 2017

We describe the off‐pump insertion of a biventricular assist device with extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a novel technique that allows for ambulatory central veno‐arterial (VA) ECMO with direct biventricular decompression.
Septal reduction therapy using nonalcohol agent in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Single center experience
Authors: Asil Serkan , Kaya Barış , Canpolat Uğur , Yorgun Hikmet , Şahiner Levent , Çöteli Cem , Arat Anıl , Aytemir Kudret
Published: December 2017

Aims

Percutaneous septal reduction therapy by either alcohol or nonalcohol agents is an alternative approach to surgery in drug‐refractory symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Nonalcohol agents have some advantages and disadvantages over alcohol during the procedure. Nowadays, a novel non‐alcohol agent, named as Ethylene‐vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer (Onyx® and Squid®), is used during septal ablation. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate both acute and long‐term efficacy and safety profile of EVOH during septal ablation in HOCM.

Methods and results

A total of 25 patients (52% female; mean age: 55.8 ± 17.1 years) with symptomatic HOCM were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent clinical and laboratory assessment before and after the procedure. Peak left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient was significantly reduced just after the procedure (68 vs. 20 mmHg; P < 0.001). Peak serum creatine kinase‐myocardial band and troponin I levels were 112 (35–282) ng/ml and 11 (4–93) ng/ml. EVOH embolization to diagonal artery was observed in 1 patient (4%) and the complete atrioventricular block was noted in 2 (8%) patients. During the 12‐month follow‐up, there was no mortality. There was a significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class of the subjects P < 0.001). Both interventricular septum thickness and LVOT gradient showed a significant reduction during follow‐up (P < 0.05). However, there was no reduction in the LVOT gradient of 3 patients (12%).

Conclusions

In conclusion, our small‐sized preliminary study results showed that septal reduction therapy using EVOH is an effective alternative option in reducing symptoms and LVOT gradient in HOCM.
Rotational atherectomy and new‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Hachinohe Daisuke , Kashima Yoshifumi , Kanno Daitaro , Kobayashi Ken , Sugie Takuro , Kaneko Umihiko , Tadano Yutaka , Watanabe Tomohiko , Shitan Hidemasa , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy (RA) followed by new‐generation drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with an extensive amount of calcified and fibrotic plaque.

Background

RA followed by new‐generation DES implantation for complex lesions has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods

A total of 744 consecutive patients (770 lesions) treated with new‐generation DES implantation following RA for de novo lesions between January 2013 and November 2015 were retrospectively identified using our institutional database. Clinical outcomes at 12 months were evaluated and the independent predictors of all‐cause death and target vessel failure (TVF) were assessed using Cox regression models.

Results

Target lesion revascularization occurred in 22 lesions (2.9%) and TVF occurred in 51 lesions (6.6%). In a multivariate analysis, hemodialysis, non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, low ejection fraction, and HbA1c ≧ 7% were associated with 12‐month mortality. Hemodialysis and right coronary artery were identified as independent predictors of TVF (hazard ratio (HR) 4.107, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.194‐7.685, P < .001; HR 2.491, 95% CI 1.023‐6.062, P = .044, respectively).

Conclusions

A good debulking with RA followed by new‐generation DES implantation is recommended for patients with an excessive amount of calcified and fibrotic plaque, as this will likely improve the clinical outcomes.
Liposomal bupivacaine for the management of postsurgical donor site pain in patients with burn injuries: a case series from two institutions
Authors: Dissanaike Sharmila , McCauley Jayne , Alphonso Carlo
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical Message

Donor site pain associated with skin graft procedures is frequently intense and difficult to treat. Liposomal bupivacaine, a prolonged‐release local anesthetic indicated for single‐dose administration to produce postsurgical analgesia, may be a viable option in managing donor site pain.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy – presenting with epilepsia partialis continua and a frontal lobe lesion
Authors: Rukmangadachar Lokesh A. , Dandapat Sudeepta , Bit‐Ivan Esther N. , Peng Yen‐Yi
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), who presented with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) and a frontal lobe lesion. The diagnosis of HE remained elusive until the serum thyroid antibodies became positive 7 months after the onset of EPC. The histopathology of this frontal lesion showed nonvasculitic inflammation.
Enhanced Selectivity in the Hydrogenation of Anilines to Cyclo‐aliphatic Primary Amines over Lithium‐Modified Ru/CNT Catalysts
Authors: Tomkins Patrick , Müller Thomas E.
Published: December 2017

The hydrogenation of aromatic amines to the corresponding cycloaliphatic primary amines is an important industrial reaction. However, secondary amine formation and other side reactions are frequently observed, resulting in reduced selectivity. The side products are formed mostly on the support, yet support effects are little understood at present. This study describes the facile modification of Ru/CNT catalysts with LiOH, by this means significantly improving catalyst selectivity in toluidine hydrogenation without decreasing the activity of the catalysts. The effect is explained by LiOH diminishing acidic sites on the catalyst support and enhancing the adsorption of the aromatic ring on the metallic ruthenium nanoparticles. With the LiOH‐modified Ru/CNT catalyst, other substrates, such as methylnitrobenzenes, are also converted efficiently. This study thus describes an improved catalyst for the preparation of cyclohexylamines and provides guidelines for future catalyst design.
Bio‐based α,ω‐Functionalized Hydrocarbons from Multi‐step Reaction Sequences with Bio‐ and Metallo‐catalysts Based on the Fatty Acid Decarboxylase OleTJE
Authors: Bojarra Samiro , Reichert Dennis , Grote Marius , Baraibar Álvaro Gómez , Dennig Alexander , Nidetzky Bernd , Mügge Carolin , Kourist Robert
Published: December 2017

OleT from Jeotgalicoccus sp. ATCC 8456 catalyzes the decarboxylation of ω‐functionalized fatty acids to the corresponding alkenols, which can themselves serve as starting material for the synthesis of polymers and fine chemicals. To show the versatility of possible reactions, a series of in vitro reaction cascades was developed where an alkenol produced by the decarboxylation of ω‐hydroxy fatty acids can be further converted into alkenylamines and diols. By coupling OleT with an alcohol dehydrogenase or alcohol oxidase as well as an amino‐transaminase, an oxidative decarboxylation followed by the oxidation of the terminal alcohol and a subsequent reductive transamination could be carried out. By using different cofactors or electron sources, the reactions could be performed sequentially or simultaneously. The combination of enzymatic decarboxylation with a ruthenium catalyst in a chemo‐enzymatic cascade provides a novel way to synthesize long‐chain diols.
Use of Pt and Boron‐Doped Diamond Anodes in the Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Ponceau SS Diazo Dye in Acidic Sulfate Medium
Authors: dos Santos Alexsandro Jhones , Martínez‐Huitle Carlos A. , Sirés Ignasi , Brillas Enric
Published: December 2017

The electrochemical degradation of 2.5 L of Ponceau SS diazo dye solution in acidic sulfate medium has been studied in a pre‐pilot flow plant with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD)/air‐diffusion or Pt/air‐diffusion cell connected to an annular photoreactor. The decolorization and mineralization was enhanced in the order: electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2<electro‐Fenton<photoelectro‐Fenton. The two former methods performed better with the BDD anode, whereas the latter yielded similar results for both anodes. From this, the use of less expensive active anodes such as Ti|Pt instead of non‐active BDD for photo‐assisted Fenton‐based electrochemical processes is recommended. In all methods, increasing current density led to a greater degradation rate, but with lower mineralization current efficiency and higher energy consumption. Five primary aromatic products and four final carboxylic acids were detected, along with recalcitrant products poorly removed by hydroxyl radicals and UVA radiation.
Selection and Screening of DNA Aptamers for Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhou Yibo , Huang Zhicheng , Yang Ronghua , Liu Juewen
Published: December 2017

Searching for DNA sequences that can strongly and selectively bind to inorganic surfaces is a long‐standing topic in bionanotechnology, analytical chemistry and biointerface research. This can be achieved either by aptamer selection starting with a very large library of ≈1014 random DNA sequences, or by careful screening of a much smaller library (usually from a few to a few hundred) with rationally designed sequences. Unlike typical molecular targets, inorganic surfaces often have quite strong DNA adsorption affinities due to polyvalent binding and even chemical interactions. This leads to a very high background binding making aptamer selection difficult. Screening, on the other hand, can be designed to compare relative binding affinities of different DNA sequences and could be more appropriate for inorganic surfaces. The resulting sequences have been used for DNA‐directed assembly, sorting of carbon nanotubes, and DNA‐controlled growth of inorganic nanomaterials. It was recently discovered that poly‐cytosine (C) DNA can strongly bind to a diverse range of nanomaterials including nanocarbons (graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes), various metal oxides and transition‐metal dichalcogenides. In this Concept article, we articulate the need for screening and potential artifacts associated with traditional aptamer selection methods for inorganic surfaces. Representative examples of application are discussed, and a few future research opportunities are proposed towards the end of this article.
Halogenated Alkyltetrazoles for the Rational Design of FeII Spin‐Crossover Materials: Fine‐Tuning of the Ligand Size
Authors: Müller Danny , Knoll Christian , Seifried Marco , Welch Jan M. , Giester Gerald , Reissner Michael , Weinberger Peter
Published: December 2017

1‐(3‐Halopropyl)‐1H‐tetrazoles and their corresponding FeII spin‐crossover complexes have been investigated in a combined experimental and theoretical study. Halogen substitution was found to positively influence the spin transition, shifting the transition temperature about 70 K towards room temperature. Halogens located at the ω position were found to be too far away from the coordinating tetrazole moiety to have an electronic impact on the spin transition. The subtle variation of the steric demand of the ligand in a highly comparable series was found to have a comparatively large impact on the spin‐transition behavior, which highlights the sensitivity of the effect to subtle structural changes.
Binding Profiles of Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Cages from ESI‐MS Based Methodology
Authors: Bravin Carlo , Badetti Elena , Puttreddy Rakesh , Pan Fangfang , Rissanen Kari , Licini Giulia , Zonta Cristiano
Published: December 2017

Confined molecular environments have peculiar characteristics that make their properties unique in the field of biological and chemical sciences. In recent years, advances in supramolecular capsule and cage synthesis have presented the possibility to interpret the principles behind their self‐assembly and functions, which has led to new molecular systems that display outstanding properties in molecular recognition and catalysis. Herein, we report a rapid method based on ESI‐MS to determine the binding profiles for linear saturated dicarboxylic acids in a series of different cages. The cages were obtained by self‐assembly of modified tris(pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) complexes and diamines chosen to explore variations in their size and flexibility. This methodology has provided information on how small changes in the structures of the host and guest can contribute to recognition events. Moreover, it was possible to study molecular systems that contain paramagnetic metals, which are not suitable for classical binding‐constant determination by 1H NMR spectroscopy.