bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile semiconductor quantum dots: synthesis, bioconjugation strategies and application
Authors: Poddar M. , Khurana S. , Bose S. , Nayak R.
Published: July 2023

The present work aimed to synthesize organic and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) and discuss their bioconjugation strategies.We have prepared 3 different QDs, organic (Carbon [CQDs]) and inorganic (Cadmium Sulphide [CdS] and Zinc Mercury Selenide [ZnHgSe]) quantum dots (QDs) and bioconjugation through in-situ and ex-situ route. These QDs have been characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra. Their surface functional groups have been identified through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The bioconjugated quantum dots were tested through PL emission shift, Agarose electrophoresis, and Bradford assay technique.Successful synthesized QDs, and their bioconjugation has been confirmed through the previously listed characterization techniques. There are distinct differences in their emission peak, FTIR spectroscopy, and Bradford assay, which confirms their successful bioconjugation.These bioconjugated QDs are difficult to filter from their unconjugated counterpart. Bioconjugation steps are extremely crucial.These QDs could be utilized for highly effective biolabelling and bioimaging in-vivo as well as in-vitro applications.The synthesis has been majorly modified, and the bioconjugation has been prepared in a novel method. There is limited reported work with this much description of the differences in conjugated and unconjugated QDs.
Bionanomaterials an emerging field of nanotechnology
Authors: Shelin A.R. , Meenakshi S.
Published: July 2023

The science that involves nano-sized particles have been shown to have a huge impact on a variety of research fields, such as electronics, medicine, engineering, robotics and technology. The involvement of biological agents in nanoscience helped in the origin of bionanotechnology, which is deeply rooted in therapeutic and medical applications. This review provides an initiative to understand the combination of biological molecules and nanoparticles in delivering a great impression in the world of therapeutics.Conjugation of nanoparticles with the biological molecules makes them more friendly for the living system by increasing biocompatibility and reducing toxicity.Growing research in this area has revealed the identification and characterization of numerous biological agents of nano-sized that can serve as better carrier systems. They are exploited in the development of advanced nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems. In general, either the combined form or the one in the derived form of nanoparticles from different biological organisms provides a valuable understanding of their specifications and importance in different therapeutic aspects.The combined form of biological molecules and nanoparticles is not yet well understood, and this might provide a baseline for prospects.This review provides an understanding of biologically synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles and their potential as therapeutic norms and highlights their applications, especially in the clinical field.
Göçmen Çocukların Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Temel Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişimleri
Authors: SOBCALI Sefa , DEMİR BOZKURT Feyza
Published: July 2023

Bu derlemede, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde göçmen çocukların temel sağlık hizmetlerinden yararlanma durumlarının açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. Koronavirüs (Covid-19) 2020 yılının başlarında ortaya çıkarak, halk sağlığını tehdit etmiş ve bir pandemi süreci başlatmıştır. Bu süreçte birçok sağlık hizmetinde olduğu gibi rutin olarak yapılan sağlam çocuk izlemlerinde de aksaklıkların yaşandığı görülmüştür. Halk sağlını korumak amacıyla gerekli tedbirler alınsa da bu süreçten olumsuz etkilenen savunmasız gruplardan biri de göçmen çocuklar olmuştur. Göçün beraberinde getirdiği olumsuz yaşam koşulları, alınan tedbirlerin uygulanmasını güçleştirmiştir. Bununla birlikte yasal uygulamalar ve sosyoekonomik şartlarından dolayı göçmen çocukların sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşımları da kısıtlanmıştır. Bu kısıtlamaların önüne geçmek ve halk sağlığını korumak amacıyla devletlerin göçmenlere yönelik stratejiler geliştirmesi, toplumun bir parçası olarak tüm hizmetlerden eşit faydalanabilmelerini sağlayabilecek planlamaların yapılması gerekmektedir.
Impact of Multicultural Student Belongingness at 1862 Institutions
Authors: Hobbs Lonnie , Thomas Raymond , Wiley Zelia
Published: July 2023

A sense of belongingness in the underrepresented minorities (URM) collegiate requires that the student feel the university provide a safe and welcoming environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the sense of belongingness that contributes to URM’s perceptions while participating in the summer programs at Kansas State University to increase future college of agriculture enrollment. We evaluate participants using a Likert Scale survey to rate their perceived belongingness and experience upon completion of the summer program. Overall, results indicate the summer program increased the underrepresented minority participants’ sense of belongingness at Kansas State University because of the program coordinators, and exposure to an inviting environment. Additional findings show the program positively affected the collegiate experiences of the participants and increased their knowledge of the agricultural sciences.
Godt nok
Authors: Bech Stig
Published: July 2023

'
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: July 2023

Som kjent er det en mengde ulike faktorer som medfører økt risiko for selvmord og i dette tidsskriftet prøver vi å trekke fram ny kunnskap og nye innsikter om disse risikofaktorene til bruk i en norsk forebyggende kontekst. I dette nummeret har vi valgt å sette hovedfokuset på den viktige risikofaktoren psykisk uhelse gjennom flere artikler. Fra tidligere vet vi at en meget stor andel av alle dem som dør av selvmord i løpet av et år i Norge nylig har vært under behandling i psykisk helsevern. Motsatt av hva man kan få inntrykk av i mediene har Norge et ganske stort og omfattende psykisk helsevern, så mulighetene skulle være gode for å redusere selvmordstallene blant mennesker med psykiske lidelser. Men skal vi klare det, må vi tenke nytt er budskapet fra Walby og medarbeidere i artikkelen om systemperspektiver på selvmord i psykisk helsevern.

Vi tror at det er viktig å løfte fram disse temaene og oppdaterte tall fra praksisfeltet i landet vårt. Det kan bidra til at selvmordsforebyggingen for mennesker med psykiske lidelser blir mer målrettet og systematisk. Mange vil hevde at god psykisk helsehjelp er god selvmordsforebygging, og det er det mye sannhet i. Men det hjelper så lite å gi utmerket behandling dersom vi ikke klarer å beskytte pasientene våre mot selvmord mens de er som mest risikoutsatt.
Gjennomførbarhet og aksept av en DBT-informert behandlings tilnærming for ungdom i barneverns institusjoner
Authors: Espenes Kristin , Tørmoen Anita Johanna
Published: July 2023

Dialektisk Atferdsterapi (DBT) er en behandlingsform som adresserer alvorlige emosjonelle og relasjonelle vansker, og som har blitt tilpasset pasientgrupper på tvers av diagnoser, populasjoner og settinger. I denne studien har vi undersøkt gjennomførbarhet og aksept av Omsorgs– og endringsmodellen (OEM), en miljøterapeutisk og institusjonsbasert behandlingsmodell informert av DBT, utviklet for å bedre psykisk helse hos ungdom i barnevernsinstitusjoner. Deltakere i studien var 42 ungdommer (22 gutter og 20 jenter) med en gjennomsnittsalder på 15,13 år (SD = 1,41, variasjonsbredde 13–17 år), i tillegg til foresatte og miljøterapeuter ved syv institusjoner. Datainnsamlingsperioden varte fra mai 2018 til mai 2021, og forskningsdata kombinerte standardiserte selv-rapporteringsmål for gjennomførbarhet og aksept av programmet, inkludert tilfredshet og alliansemål, tilpassede mål på program adherens som kombinerte observasjonsdata og intervju med ungdom, miljøterapeuter og ledere, protokoller for gjennomføring av behandlingsmodaliteter og selv-rapport-sjekklister for adherens i individuelle samtaler. Resultatene indikerer at miljøterapeuter opplever implementeringen av OEM som passende, men samtidig identifiseres spesifikke utfordringer ved tilpasningen relatert til populasjon og setting. Moderat til høye nivåer av tilfredshet og allianse ble rapportert av både ungdommer og miljøterapeuter. Omsorgs- og endringsmodellen er et interessant tiltak som kan være gjennomførbart og akseptert, samtidig som det er krevende å tilegne seg metoden for miljøterapeuter. Implikasjoner for praksis og forskning blir diskutert.
–Frykten for «smitte-effekt» er utbredt
Authors: Sønstelie Erik H.
Published: July 2023

.
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: July 2023

.
WHY IS THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY IMPORTANT FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY? A REVIEW OF SOME THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH PRESENTED IN THE LITERATURE
Authors:   Faculty of Economics in Brčko at the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Terzić Lejla
Published: July 2023

The transition to a green economy and sustainability have recently emerged as crucial topics in modern economic theory. The green economy is a sustainable vision for prosperity and growth that can enhance quality of life and the whole economy while increasing ecological and social well-being. Promoting the creation and acceptance of sustainable technological innovation is essential to a green economy approach. The major goal of this article is to highlight the importance and factors of transitioning to a green economy for achieving sustainability by reviewing the findings of theoretical approaches (microeconomic and macroeconomic) and empirical research. This article also contributes by outlining the crucial macroeconomic challenges of a green economy transition in achieving sustainability and responding to environmental hazards. In order to clarify the numerous aspects of a green economy, this article provides a generic framework that embraces a number of thoughts, ideas, and concepts and investigates how they connect to sustainability. This paper also addresses some difficulties that decision-makers must adequately recognise to pursue sustainable and efficient transformation and recommends a few directions for future research.
Evaluation of Relationship between Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Contents of South Indian Chilly Varieties
Authors: Christophy Athmaja V. , Harshavardhini G. , Rubasree R. Janani , Nandhan P. , Balasubramaniam P. , Babu P. B. Ramesh , Prabagaran
Published: July 2023

Aim: Spices are an inextricable part of the human food cycle as well as Ayurvedic medicine in India. The spice group's most prime matrix is chilly. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the chemical characters and microbial contaminants in common Indian chilly varieties: Teja, Gundu, Guntur, Sannam, and Byadgi.

Methods: The chemical characters including scoville heat unit (SHU), moisture, and colour, as well as microbial contaminants such as total plate count (TPC) and salmonella were investigated by counting colony forming units (CFU). Chilly samples were tested for microbial load by total plate count (TPC) numbers method.  The color values of various samples were tested using the standard method using ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) expressing the color values in units. Pungency assessment of chilly organic components was performed using High-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: According to the findings, colour intensity, moisture content and SHU had a positive correlation with TPC in all varieties tested. Salmonella was absence in all samples and hence there was no significant correlation between salmonella and chemical characteristics.

Conclusion: In the present study Teja chilly had highest moisture content and liquid chromatography analysis indicated that content of capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin were predominant in tested samples. All samples showed nonexistence of salmonella. By correlating the chemical parameters moisture, SHU and ASTA with TPC, we found a positive correlation in all of our samples.
PANCASILA SEBAGAI LANDASAN DASAR MEMBENTUK KARAKTER DALAM ETIKA BERLALU LINTAS MELALUI MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Sari Fitria
Published: July 2023

Kurangnya kesadaran generasi muda dalam berlalu lintas menjadi hal yang perlu menjadi perhatian bagi kita bersama, hal ini dapat dilihat dari data tingginya tingkat pelanggaran dalam berlalu lintas dan tingginya angka kecelakaan di jalan. Berdasarkan Berdasarkan sumber data dari kepolisian Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2021 telah terjadi kecelakaan sebanyak 5.350,00 kasus dan untuk data pelanggar lalu lintas di tahun 2021 sebanyak 29.615,00. Kasus. Hal ini menandakan bahwa rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam beretika berlalu lintas sehingga tidak hanya membahayakan bagi mereka sendiri bahkan juga bisa merugikan orang lain sebagai pengguna jalan lainnya. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pancasila sebagai landasan dasar membentuk karakter dalam beretika berlalu lintas melalui mata pelajaran IPS. Pembelajaran IPS memberikan penekanan dalam bagaimana membentuk karakter peserta didik yang ditanamkan dalam proses pendidikan di sekolah. Melalui mata pelajaran IPS ini peserta didik ditanamkan nilai dan norma yang harus menjadi acuan dalam bertingkah laku, sehingga akan membentuk etika yang baik. Etika didalam kehidupan meliputi salah satunya beretika di dalam berlalu lintas, maka dalam pembelajaran IPS ditanamkan bagaimana membentuk karakter yang baik dengan berlandaskan pancasila. Pancasila menjadi landasan dasar dalam membentuk perilaku sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang menjadi acuan di dalam kehidupan, baik berupa nilai ketuhanan, nilai kemanusiaan, nilai persatuan, nilai kerakyatan dan nilai sosial. Nilai-nilai ini dijadikan patokan dan acuan dalam bertingkah laku, sehingga sejalan dengan tujuan dari pembelajaran IPS tersebut yaitu menjadikan peserta didik menjadi warga negara yang baik.
ANALISIS KINERJA WEBSITE PARAMA PELINDO MENGGUNAKAN PINGDOM TOOLS DAN PAGESPEED INSIGHTS
Authors: Haeruddin Nurul Qalbi , Faizal Muhammad Rahmat , Baharuddin Suardi Hi
Published: July 2023

This study analyzes the performance of a website for one of the companies, namely PARAMA Pelindo, using Pingdom Tools and PageSpeed Insights. This research aims to improve the performance of the PARAMA website in order to improve user experience. The results of the PARAMA website performance analysis show certain things that need to be improved in testing using pingdom tools and PageSpeed Insights. This research contributes to understanding the importance of analyzing the performance of a website and provides practical recommendations for web developers in improving website performance in general.
Adaptación del modelo de kristen Swanson en el cuidado de las embarazadas durante el primer trimestre para prevenir complicaciones maternas fetal
Authors: Escobar Pérez Angela Hayde , Olivo González Maykel Alejandro , Rodríguez Cruz José Yovanny
Published: July 2023

El conocimiento es complejo y se estudia desde una variedad de campos, como la filosofía, la sociedad, la biología y psicología, entre otros. Actualmente, existe una variedad de factores, incluida la educación, la cultura y la historia médica, que afectan la comprensión de las embarazadas sobre las complicaciones materno-fetales durante el primer trimestre de la gestación. Es por esta razón que, el modelo de adaptación de la teoría de los cuidados de Kristen Swanson enfatiza en las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el desarrollo de las competencias necesarias para el cuidado de las embarazadas, que son esenciales para proporcionar la información y el apoyo idóneo. El objetivo es analizar el modelo Kristen M. Swanson en el cuidado que tienen las embarazadas sobre las complicaciones maternas fetales durante el primer trimestre gestacional. enero – abril 2023. El material y métodos de esta investigación es documental, realizando una revisión del estado actual del tema en las bases de datos electrónicas Scopus, Latindex, Google académico, Scielo. La revisión se llevó a cabo debido a la información recolectada preferentemente de los últimos 5 años. De ahí la importancia de los resultados del aprendizaje tiene un gran potencial para impulsar el progreso invisible de la sociedad, y es fundamental del estado velar por la salud y evolución de las mujeres embarazadas específico. Conclusión: El profesional de enfermería juega un papel importante de promover el cuidado de la gestante sobre los signos de peligro obstétrico facilitará la detección temprana de problemas y mejorará la toma de decisiones para acceder a la atención médica adecuada.
Efektivitas Penerapan New Behavior Terhadap Remaja di Kelurahan Rappokalling
Authors: Nur Fitriany Fakhri  , Nurul Fikria  , Qhanita Ghanaya Has  , Yenilia Rezky Pramudyanti
Published: July 2023

Banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk dapat mengubah kebiasaan prokrastinasi kearah yang lebih baik. Tujuan pemberian metode pengubahan gaya belajar agar remaja tersebut mengetahui bagaimana cara mengubah kebiasaan prokrastinasi tersebut kearah yang lebih baik dengan memberikan teori punishment, cognitive behavioral modification, reinforcement, fading, shading, dan stimulus control kemudian menerapkan teori tersebut kedalam exercise yang diberikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian kualitatif eksperimen dengan menggunakan pre-test – pos-ttest one group design. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah 5 orang remaja SMA di Kelurahan Rappokalling. Hasil yang didapatka dari pemberian pre-test – pos-ttest one group design yaitu diketahui bahwa pada saat pre-test semua subjek tidak mengetahui prokrastinasi, punishment, cognitive behavioral modification, reinforcement, fading dan shading, serta stimulus control dan berdasarkan hasil post-test terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan terkait prokrastinasi, punishment, cognitive behavioral modification, reinforcement, fading dan shading, serta stimulus control pada subjek. Kesimpulan dari hasil yang didapat dari pemberian Pre-Test dan Post-test berbanding terbalik antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian Pre-Test dan Post-test. Dari 5 remaja yang diberikan semuanya memberikan perbedaan yang terjadi dari sebelum dan sesudah pemberian psiedukasi.
Una aplicación responsiva de autoservicio para realizar pedidos en restaurantes
Authors: Gómez-Aiquipa Ebert , Ibarra-Cabrera Manuel J. , Ñahuinlla-Velasquez Emerson
Published: July 2023

This research work presents the prototype of a self-service web application for a restaurant, the customer can order from a mobile device or a computer with a touch screen. The development of the system was carried out us- ing the agile methodology of extreme programming and that includes the phases of planning, design, programming and testing of the application. The tests were carried out in a poultry shop located in Tamburco in the city of Abancay; Likewise, a usability questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was applied to 6 people and the results show that a score of 6.18 was obtained on a scale of 1 to 7, which shows that the system works properly and that users are satisfied. with the usability of the proposed prototype.
Planeamiento Estratégico y Gestión Educativa en instituciones educativas secundarias del distrito de Orurillo
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Luis , Cruz-Martinez Rudy G.
Published: July 2023

The objective of the research work was to determine the relationship between strategic planning and educa- tional management in secondary educational institutions of the Orurillo district. The methodological design used has been descriptive correlational, the study sample was 82 people among managers, teachers and administrators chosen by designed probabilistic sampling. To collect the data, the questionnaire of 40 questions with a Likert scale between the two study variables was applied as a research instrument. The main finding of the study between strategic planning and educational management was direct and of a moderate positive relationship, with Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = 0.6113 and the hypothesis test Tc = 6.908; which means that the good level of strategic planning of the directors also reflects the good level of educational management in the secondary educational institutions of the Orurillo district.
Pakistan-Russia Relations in Changing Geostrategic Environment
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Zeeshan
Published: July 2023

Historically, due to Cold War politics, Pakistan and Russia have not enjoyed a long-term constructive relationship. However, changing geostrategic environment, which is marred with great power competition and changing alliances, has created an enabling environment for Pakistan and Russia to bridge the divergences and construct a pathway toward a strategic partnership. Over the last two decades, Pakistan and Russia have significantly improved their relations and cooperated in several areas such as counter-terrorism, Afghanistan, military-to-military engagement, economy and diplomacy. Despite the relationship being nascent, it currently has the potential to develop into a long-term strategic one, if both sides overcome existing challenges through diplomatic efforts, expand current areas of cooperation and find new avenues of bilateral engagement.
Classification of the Contract; Tabarru Lending Money, Qardh, Rahn, Hiwalah
Authors: Abdillah Yudi Khoeri , Azizi Agung Wildan , Gozaly Ahmad Yusdi , Jamilah Akfah Zakiah
Published: July 2023

Islamic financial institutions in practice have two categories of contracts, there are so-called Tijarah contracts and Tabarru' contracts. expect rewards, which include tabarru' contracts including qardh, Rahn, Hiwalah contracts, in this scientific paper will explain the concept of pillars, terms, types, and Tabarru' contract practices in Islamic financial institutions.
Multi-Objective Performance Steady State Optimization Complete Membrane-Based Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier System
Authors: Adiriwanto S Devin , Lubis Arnas
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on the multi-objective performance steady state optimization of a complete membrane-based liquid desiccant dehumidifier system. The system is designed to efficiently remove moisture from the air using liquid desiccant technology. The objective of the optimization is to simultaneously maximize the dehumidification performance, minimize energy consumption, and optimize the system's operational parameters. A steady state model of the membrane-based liquid desiccant dehumidifier system is developed, and a multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied to explore the optimal solution space. The results demonstrate the trade-offs between dehumidification performance and energy consumption, providing insights into the performance and efficiency of the system. The proposed optimization approach offers a valuable tool for designing and improving the performance of membrane-based liquid desiccant dehumidifier systems in various applications.
IntraPsychic Activation Model (IPAM)
Authors:   Former Visiting Professor of Psychology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia and Professor of  Finance and Psychology in CIAPS (Centre for International Advanced and Professional Studies), UK, Canada, and Nigeria.
Published: July 2023

Our experience of reality is comprised of data from both the external and the internal environments. These inputs are mediated, structured, and reframed via constructs which activate introjects to produce automatic thoughts. These thoughts affect behaviors intended to modify the environment to conform to a self-state, buttress, and validate it. Constructs also select memories in order to prevent dissonance and anxiety between recall and self-state. They dissociate memories, alter their emotional content and correlates via attribution and reframing, and impose selectivity. The construct organizes the output from the introjects according to an algorithm (“identity”) which provides, for each specific environment, selection criteria of self-states and corresponding introjects.
To the Issue of the Complementarity of Biomolecules in the Space of the Highest Dimension
Authors:   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, St. Peterburg, Russia
Published: July 2023

Peculiarities of the conditions of correspondence of biomolecules of higher dimension, necessary for the passage of chemical reactions between them, are considered. As specific examples, the interactions of amino acids with each other and nucleic acids with each other are considered. It is shown that in the case of chemical interaction of biomolecules of higher dimension, the conditions of correspondence (complementarity) are associated with a mirror image of the geometric elements of the corresponding polytopes of higher dimension.
Pengaplikasian Media Audio Visual Dalam Pembelajaran Berbicara Bahasa Jerman (Sprechfertigkeiten)
Authors: Tarida Alvina Simanjuntak  , Lydia Purba
Published: July 2023

In learning German, vocabulary mastery is mandatory. Especially in the digital era, challenges in language learning can be answered through the application of audio-visual media. Along with that, the production of audio-visual media in teaching students has not yet been optimal, so the purpose of this activity is to introduce the production of audio-visual media to teachers in language learning and see the effectiveness of using audio-visual media in the language learning process. The method used in this activity is to include various lectures accompanied by direct practice. The results of this activity are in the form of teachers' skills in making audio-visual media, especially in language learning. Prior to this activity, there was still a very small percentage of teachers who could make and use audio-visual media in learning. It can be seen that the enthusiasm of the teachers in this activity is that ≥ 90% of the teachers have been able to make and use animated media in language learning. This is very effective in keeping students enthusiastic about participating in learning, especially in language learning.
The Response to the Initiation of the Artsakh Movement in the “Alik” Daily Newspaper
Authors: Movsisyan Feliks , Ohanyan Tatyana
Published: July 2023

Key words: Perestroika, Nagorno-Karabakh, national movement, unification, national self-determination, Armenian Diaspora Press

“Alik” is an Armenian daily newspaper published in Tehran (Iran). It was founded in March 1931. The newspaper has its own publishing house and printing premises, that publishes books in Armenian and Persian. The newspaper "Alik" covers the life of the Armenian communities, especially the events of a national character. The newspaper has a large information section, which contains substantial data about the events in Armenia, Artsakh and Javakhk, concerning all Armenians. Since Iran is a country adjacent to Armenia, the information in the newspaper, of course, prevails from Armenia. The Artsakh movement that started in February 1988, found a wide-response in the Armenian Press of the Middle East countries, as well as in the Tehran-based “Alik” Daily Newspaper. The newspaper addresses the events unfolded in Karabakh and Armenia with news information and publication from Sonet and foreign mass media. The publications of “Alik” indicate that the newspaper was aware of the background of the Karabakh problem, regarding which it shows a national and pro-Armenian position. The newspaper associates the rise of the Armenians movement with Gorbachev’s perestroika policy. Believing in the promises of solving national problems and developing democracy, the Armenians demanded self-determination and unification with mother Armenia. “Alik” considers the struggle of the Armenians fair, qualifies it as a claim of national ideology, the solution of which will put an end to historical injustice happened in the 1920s. In this respect, the paper urges the Armenians to unite and prepare for the fight, but simultaneously it calls on Armenians to be alert and careful with their demands.
19th Century Armenian Public Companies in the Villages Adjacent to Tevrik
Authors: Chatinyan Zoya
Published: July 2023

Key words: reforms, public, educational organizations, donation, craftsmen, porters, family, schools

In the 50-60s of the 19th century, social and political life was developing both in Western and Eastern Armenia. In the socio-political life there was a struggle – the stratification of public consciousness. Along with a lively economic life, the Armenians of Tevrik were also active in the social, cultural and educational life of the empire. It was conditioned with the opportunities provided by the Tanzimat, announced by Sultan Abdul Mecid under pressure from the great European powers with the aim of “Europeanizing” the Ottoman Empire. Since the beginning of the last century, the newcomers from Tevrik, who settled in Constantinople, in the 50s of the XIX century, were able to acquire the means not only for a decent existence but also for the solution of some issues related to the enlightenment and education of the population of their hometown and surrounding villages. In this patriotic initiative, the well-known Armenian families settled earlier in Constantinople, such as the Tuzyants family, did not stand aside. A number of organizations were established not only in Tevrik, but also in the surrounding villages of Qirason, Khurnavil, Zimara and Kasma. In 19th century the organizations in Tevrik and the surrounding villages acted mainly in directions: they were engaged in educational and charitable activities.
In the 19th century, Armenian non-governmental organizations based in Tevrik and neighboring villages largely ceased to exist as a result of the Armenian pogroms in the Ottoman Empire in 1895, which did not bypass Tevrik and neigbouring villages.
The Information as a Source of Power and a Cause of Conflict Discourse Occurrence
Authors: Harutyunyan Ani
Published: July 2023

Key words: post-industrial society, control, information flows, conflict, ontological transformations, knowledge

This article discusses one of the main reasons for the emergence of the conflict discourse in modern reality. Power or a desire to establish power have been the main causes of conflict at every stage of the development of society. The first part of the article provides a brief overview of the basic concepts of establishing power. Besides, it also undertakes a philosophical and historical analysis of the approaches, viewpoints of thinkers and scholars, in which this issue is highlighted in details. Thereafter, the period of post-industrial society along with its features, manifested in the socio-economic and political spheres, is discussed. The old forms of acquiring power, i.e. wealth and money, are not actual any more, and now the time has come for knowledge and information. However, the so-called consumer thinking, characteristic of the postmodern stage, gradually makes people live easier and more meaningless. An ontological transformation is taking place: the interest and importance attributed to knowledge is gradually decreasing, since it requires more and more mental concentration and time resources from a person, which s/he is no longer predisposed to provide. Instead, the internet provides access to the excessive amount of information with no special efforts to acquire.
At the end of the second part of the article, it has been concluded that a modern conception of power has emerged in the new world order. In the context of a clear exaggeration of the role and importance of information, it is mostly considered a source of power. Establishing control over information is perceived as equivalent to the possession of power. And since the struggle for power has always been assumed as the emergence of various conflicts, it turns out that in the modern world, conflicts arise and develop precisely due to information overload. In terms of the prevalence of social networks and the constant access of people to the often unverified and scientifically unproven information flows, is considered reliable and quite acceptable, just because it is simply talked and written about too much.
Eternal Problems as a Factor in the Development of Philosophical Knowledge
Authors: Tigranyan Gnel
Published: July 2023

Key words: eternal problems, philosophical knowledge, worldview, theory, unique and universal knowledge

The eternal philosophical questions that determine the nature of scientific thought and the meaning of artistic imagination appear in the minds of people in the pattern of new (actual) problems within the formation of sometimes mystical hypotheses, but more often – rigorous scientific theories. The following philosophical problems can be regarded as the most interesting: the problem of the beginning, the problem of the material and the ideal, the problem of soul and body, the problem of freedom and creativity of the individual, the problem of the meaning of life, the problem of truth. For each of them there is a list of solutions proposed by philosophers of a particular era. Scientific research in the field of natural and social sciences involves a corresponding process in which the presented problem is subjected to a hypothetical solution and its theoretical base is formed. In the field of philosophy, this mechanism does not work. Philosophy is not only a science, but also a worldview. Worldview problems do not have an unambiguous and final settlement. The problems here are eternal. Each historical epoch creates a compact system corresponding to the level of knowledge and worldview development of its time.
However, in the process of further development, the “reliable theory” faces a new problem, for the solution of which the study undergoes a new cycle. These transitional stages accumulate an undeniable system of knowledge; however, the main question always remains open and unresolved. Eternal problems feed science with new theoretical propositions and create new foundations and opportunities for its subsequent development. This is not only the logic of philosophy development, but also the logic of science development as a whole.
The Main Problems of Distance Learning Management and its Impact on the Economy in RA
Authors: Osipyan Liana
Published: July 2023

Key words: distance learning, higher education, financing of higher education, rent, education reform

2020 was a significant year both for Armenia and for the whole world as it has been marked in history by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The pandemic and emergency measures deriving from it, undertaken from March 2020, changed the mechanisms of the higher education organization.
As of April 1, 2020, around 42.5% of the world’s current population was in quarantine. According to UNESCO data, on April 1, 2020 schools and universities were closed in 185 countries, affecting 1,542,412,000 learners, which forms 89.4% of the total amount of learners.
The maximum amount of the students’ number enrolled on RA universities was recorded in 2020, which may be due to many factors. Let us discuss some of the possible factors:
1․ Facilitation of student admission, unlike the rest of the academic years, students were admitted with one exam that year.
2․ A 13.89% reduction of expenses in connection with the above-mentioned factor, which is a huge number, taking into account that about 1/3 of the population of Armenia is poor.
3․Reducing housing costs – the majority of RA students are from regions and do not have an apartment in Yerevan, therefore, due to the shift to distance learning during the pandemic, they mainly saved the costs of apartment rent and transport.
Basically, these factors are related to accessibility, which is partially solved by distance learning. Thus, we can state that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is great on the education system in almost all countries of the world. Thousands of universities, including those in Armenia, have faced various problems of organizing the educational process in a qualitatively new environment. Research shows that even universities leading in financial, technical and other terms have not managed to avoid problems. The effects of the pandemic are not limited to short-term impacts. Even after the restoration of the normal course of education, the effects of the pandemic will be manifested in the medium and long-term prospects, affecting educational strategies and practices.
The Assignment Problem and the Program for its Solution
Authors: Mazmanyan Ruzanna
Published: July 2023

Key words: linear programming, programming language, Hungarian method, algorithm, parameter, optimal solution, interval

The article deals with one of the fundamental problems of linear programming – the assignment problem. It considers the software implementation of solving the assignment problem.
The specific features of assignment problems gave rise to an effective Hungarian method for their solution. The main idea of the Hungarian method is to move from the original square cost matrix to an equivalent matrix with non-negative entries and a system of independent zeros, no two of which belong to the same row or the same column.
The algorithm is based on two ideas:
▪ if one and the same number is subtracted from all elements of a certain row or column, such that all elements of the matrix remain non-negative, then the optimal solution will not change,
▪ if there is a zero cost solution, then it is optimal.
The program is written with the object-oriented programming language C# and runs in C# graphics mode.
The program that implements the solution of the problem at the beginning requires the input of initial data, forms a square matrix of prices in the graphical mode, and then, by performing a sequence of steps of the Hungarian method algorithm, the final solution of the problem is achieved.
According to the compiled square price matrix, the algorithm finds the optimal distribution of work among performers, so that all tasks are distributed and each performer gets exactly one task. The program also calculates the total cost necessary to fulfill the entire work.
In the graphical mode of the C# programming language, a step-by-step implementation of solving the assignment problem using the Hungarian method is demonstrated.
Controversies and current practices in CNS relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Puckrin Robert , Stewart Douglas A.
Published: July 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an uncommon complication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), occurring in approximately 3–5% of patients and at a median timepoint of 6–9 months from diagnosis. Approximately half of these cases present as isolated CNS relapse caused by occult seeding of the CNS early in the disease course, while the remaining cases occur in the context of concurrent systemic relapse. The median survival after CNS relapse is only 4–6 months, highlighting the unmet need to identify effective prophylaxis and management strategies. This article provides an overview of current controversies and optimal strategies for prognosticating, preventing, and treating CNS relapse in patients with DLBCL.
Evolving role of novel therapies in myeloma: T-cell engagers and antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: De la Torre Alfredo
Published: July 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clonal plasma cells. This population of neoplastic plasma cells can subsequently cause damaging lytic lesions to the bones, kidney dysfunction, high levels of calcium in the blood, and anemia. MM is more prevalent in individuals over age 65 than in younger individuals; the median age at diagnosis is 69 years old. This malignancy is generally considered incurable. The five-year overall survival (OS) is estimated to be as high as 82% with the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) for Stage I of the disease, and 40% with R-ISS Stage III of the disease. A large proportion of patients in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting are unable to achieve durable responses to treatment. There remains an unmet need for novel, highly effective and well-tolerated therapies in this patient population.

Treatment of myeloma patients has evolved in the past two decades with the introduction of novel therapies: the proteasome inhibitors (PIs) bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib; the immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide; and the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb’s) daratumumab and isatuximab. All of these therapeutic agents have demonstrated improved outcomes in myeloma patients. Survival of myeloma patients continues to improve over time, particularly with the combination of novel first-line and subsequent agents, resulting in median OS of 8 to 12 years. Survival data in Canada is very similar with median OS of > 10 years.

Outcomes of patients with R/R myeloma continues to be an additional important area of unmet need. Clinical data have reported poor outcomes for patients who have become refractory to PIs, IMiDs and MoAb’s, with progression- free survival (PFS) of 3.4 months and OS of 9.3 months. This has been confirmed, as well, by real-world data from Canadian patients, with reported PFS of 4.4 months and OS of 10.5 months in triple-class refractory patients.
Solid Waste Management Aiming Biogas Production In Albania
Authors: Prifti H. , Floqi Tania
Published: July 2023

One of the main environmental problems in Albania is the continuously increasing generation of municipal solid waste. In many countries, sustainable waste management as well as waste prevention and reduction, have become major priority. Uncontrolled waste dumping (on the roads, river sides, etc.) in our country is no longer acceptable. Controlled landfill disposal and incineration of wastes are not considered optimal practices, as energy recovery and recycling of nutrients and organic matter is aimed. Continuously efforts have been done for the improvement of this critical situation such as approval of laws, decisions, regulations etc., according to the National Strategy on Integrated Waste Management (2018-2030) and EU Directives 2008/98/EC on waste and repealing certain Directives. In this paper are presented the characteristics of a wide range of urban solid waste, industrial solid waste and composition of the waste i.e. waste stream. As organic waste component represents the highest percentage (41% – 66%) at the waste composition should be used for biological treatment and for biogas production.
Bio-ethanol producing possibility from waste glycerin
Authors: Gjeta Shpresime , Malollari Ilirjan , Makolli Sami , Mazreku Armela
Published: July 2023

There is an effective and recommended way of using waste glycerol, as a byproduct during biodiesel production. It is processing through fermentation that brings into reality bio ethanol obtaining by the development of the valuable and different reactions and processes such as the anaerobic fermentation resulting except bio-ethanol also the succinic 144 acid as useful chemical compound. We have considered in this study, the processing of these waste glycerol derived by the biodiesel industry includes some steps. The need for these technological waste processing is important, not only for environmental reasons, but also for obtaining profitable chemicals that brings economic improvement, because from the biodiesel industry, a considerable amount of glycerol is produced as a secondary byproduct. That is why it is meaningful to design or configure a treatment process tendentious for structuring a cycle which begins with the preparation of feed stream for the pretreatment of glycerol, followed by anaerobic fermentation producing ethanol and succinic acid. This process is then followed by the separation of desired products and later, Ethanol produced in that way was denatured with gasoline and reach a purity depending on final destination of the research. The Aspen Plus computer software was used for process modeling and design. Through the simulation were firstly calculated mass, energy balances and also has been made the process economic evaluations. Main purpose of the simulation performed were establishing two different tentative flow sheets or process diagram, starting by treating the amount raw material of 1000 kg/h and 10000 kg/h, respectively. Then we have compared the results of both types of technological schemes in order to find the most suitable and economical justified methods. All indicating parameters were strongly depended on the operational conditions defined by the predicted yield of the biodiesel production in Albania.
Reflexões sobre a formação do intérprete e o desenvolvimento acadêmico do surdo brasileiro
Authors: Cunha Mariana , Gonzalez Marcelo Salabert , Castro Helena Carla
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo foi versado sobre um tema polêmico que abarca a formação para o intérprete de Língua Brasileira de Sinais no âmbito acadêmico. Apesar da oficialização tardia da profissão, posterior até mesmo ao decreto que legitima a atuação deste profissional nas instituições de ensino, existe um movimento desde 2006, iniciado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), em prol da formação de professores e intérpretes de Libras. Ainda que se trate de uma iniciativa recente, outras universidades começaram a trilhar o mesmo percurso, oferecendo à comunidade surda e aos intérpretes a possibilidade de uma qualificação mais ampla e específica, do ponto de vista científico. Essa medida tornou a universidade acessível para uma parte dos surdos, assim como formou tradutores-intérpretes mais habilitados a acompanhar o estudante surdo em seu percurso acadêmico, entretanto não configura ainda uma realidade no que tange a formação desses profissionais. Neste sentido, este trabalho tece breves reflexões com base na literatura a respeito da trajetória dos intérpretes na comunidade surda e como se deu sua formação até os dias atuais, considerando as demandas que surgiram após a oficialização de sua presença nas instituições públicas de ensino, mais especificamente no ensino superior. Para tal estudo foram utilizadas as plataformas Google Académico, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Centro de Estudos Educação e Sociedade (CEDES).
Contemporary Da’wah Empowerment Institute in Indonesia
Authors: Anas Ahmad
Published: July 2023

The importance of the role of contemporary da’wah institutions in Indonesia is a challenge for the government. This research aims to describe the role and problems of contemporary da’wah empowerment institutions in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach which originates primarily from journals and books related to contemporary da’wah institutions in Indonesia. The results of this study found that the formation of da’wah institutions in Indonesia departed from individual awareness to carry out tabligh which developed into a collective awareness to carry out da’wah within a certain system within the da’wah institution. The concept of da’wah is not only synonymous with tabligh but covers all aspects of life and tabligh is only part of Islamic da’wah. An activity can be called da’wah if it includes a system of joint efforts of believers in the context of realizing Islamic teachings in terms of socio-cultural life. The role of da’wah institutions in Indonesia can act as a motivator because basically this approach strategy is basically an effort to raise public awareness so that they can develop the existing resources of the Indonesian people, the environment and the natural surroundings to get better results. This is where the socio-religious potential of preachers and da’wah institutions can carry out their role as Indonesian non-governmental organizations, especially through religious values ​​such as independence, justice, cooperation and so on.