bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretation tools for religious heritage.
Authors: Kanaan-Amat M. , Crous-Costa N. , Aulet S.
Published: July 2019

This chapter focuses on non-personal interpretation tools in museums and interpretation centres and how they can transmit the values of religious heritage. The objective is to reflect on the core values of religious artefacts for the societies that created them, contrasting with the way in which these pieces are exhibited today in European museums and similar environments.
A question of timing
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: July 2019

Elon Musk’s involvement in commercial space flight and electric vehicles underlines why getting your timing right is vital in business, says James McKenzie
CP violation seen in charm mesons
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2019

Particle physicists on the LHCb experiment at CERN have measured charge–parity (CP) violation in the D0 meson for the first time.
Constant theoretical conductance via changes in vessel diameter and number with height growth in Moringa oleifera
Authors: Echeverría Alberto , Anfodillo Tommaso , Soriano Diana , Rosell Julieta A , Olson Mark E
Published: July 2019

As trees grow taller, hydraulic resistance can be expected to increase, causing photosynthetic productivity to decline. Yet leaves maintain productivity over vast height increases; this maintenance of productivity suggests that leaf-specific conductance remains constant as trees grow taller. Here we test the assumption of constant leaf-specific conductance with height growth and document the stem xylem anatomical adjustments involved. We measured the scaling of total leaf area, mean vessel diameter at terminal twigs and at the stem base, and total vessel number in 139 individuals of Moringa oleifera of different heights, and estimated a whole-plant conductance index from these measurements. Whole-plant conductance and total leaf area scaled at the same rate with height. Congruently, whole-plant conductance and total leaf area scaled isometrically. Constant conductance is made possible by intricate adjustments in anatomy, with conduit diameters in terminal twigs becoming wider, lowering per-vessel resistance, with a concomitant decrease in vessel number per unit leaf area with height growth. Selection maintaining constant conductance per unit leaf area with height growth (or at least minimizing drops in conductance) is likely a potent selective pressure shaping plant hydraulics, and crucially involved in the maintenance of photosynthetic productivity per leaf area across the terrestrial landscape.
Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress
Authors: Sánchez-Vicente Inmaculada , Fernández-Espinosa María Guadalupe , Lorenzo Oscar
Published: July 2019

Plants are sessile organisms that need to complete their life cycle by the integration of different abiotic and biotic environmental signals, tailoring developmental cues and defense concomitantly. Commonly, stress responses are detrimental to plant growth and, despite the fact that intensive efforts have been made to understand both plant development and defense separately, most of the molecular basis of this trade-off remains elusive. To cope with such a diverse range of processes, plants have developed several strategies including the precise balance of key plant growth and stress regulators [i.e. phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Among RNS, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gasotransmitter involved in redox homeostasis that regulates specific checkpoints to control the switch between development and stress, mainly by post-translational protein modifications comprising S-nitrosation of cysteine residues and metals, and nitration of tyrosine residues. In this review, we have sought to compile those known NO molecular targets able to balance the crossroads between plant development and stress, with special emphasis on the metabolism, perception, and signaling of the phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid during abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Unique features of the grapevine VvK5.1 channel support novel functions for outward K+ channels in plants
Authors: Villette Jérémy , Cuéllar Teresa , Zimmermann Sabine D , Verdeil Jean-Luc , Gaillard Isabelle
Published: July 2019

The unexpected location of VvK5.1 expression detected in the lateral root primordium, berry phloem and pistil provides new insights into the roles that this outward channel type can play in plants.
Cell death regulation but not abscisic acid signaling is required for enhanced immunity to Botrytis in Arabidopsis cuticle-permeable mutants
Authors: Cui Fuqiang , Wu Wenwu , Wang Kai , Zhang Yuan , Hu Zhubing , Brosché Mikael , Liu Shenkui , Overmyer Kirk
Published: July 2019

An Arabidopsis farnesyl transferase loss-of-function mutant exhibited a permeable cuticle and enhanced immunity to Botrytis. This immunity was fully suppressed by loss of function of the cell death regulator BOTRYTIS SENSITIVE1.
Cultural evolution by capital accumulation
Authors: André Jean-Baptiste , Baumard Nicolas
Published: July 2019

In this article, we model cultural knowledge as a capital in which individuals invest at a cost. To this end, following other models of cultural evolution, we explicitly consider the investments made by individuals in culture as life history decisions. Our aim is to understand what then determines the dynamics of cultural accumulation. We show that culture can accumulate provided it improves the efficiency of people’s lives in such a way as to increase their productivity or, said differently, provided the knowledge created by previous generations improves the ability of subsequent generations to invest in new knowledge. Our central message is that this positive feedback allowing cultural accumulation can occur for many different reasons. It can occur if cultural knowledge increases people’s productivity, including in domains that have no connection with knowledge, because it frees up time that people can then spend learning and/or innovating. We also show that it can occur if cultural knowledge, and thus the higher level of resources that results from increased productivity, leads individuals to modify their life history decisions through phenotypic plasticity. Finally, we show that it can occur if technical knowledge reduces the effective cost of its own acquisition via division of labour. These results suggest that culture should not be defined only as a set of knowledge and skills but, more generally, as all the capital that has been produced by previous generations and that continues to affect current generations.
The Role of a Crystallographically Unresolved Cytoplasmic Loop in Stabilizing the Bacterial Membrane Insertase YidC2
Authors: Harkey Thomas , Kumar Vivek Govind , Hettige Jeevapani , Tabari Seyed Hamid , Immadisetty Kalyan , Moradi Mahmoud
Published: July 2019

YidC, a bacterial member of the YidC/Alb3/Oxa1 insertase family, mediates membrane protein assembly and insertion. Cytoplasmic loops are known to have functional significance in membrane proteins such as YidC. Employing microsecond-level molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that the crystallographically unresolved C2 loop plays a crucial role in the structural dynamics of Bacillus halodurans YidC2. We have modeled the C2 loop and used allatom MD simulations to investigate the structural dynamics of YidC2 in its apo form, both with and without the C2 loop. The C2 loop was found to stabilize the entire protein and particularly the C1 region. C2 was also found to stabilize the alpha-helical character of the C-terminal region. Interestingly, the highly polar or charged lipid head groups of the simulated membranes were found to interact with and stabilize the C2 loop. These findings demonstrate that the crystallographically unresolved loops of membrane proteins could be important for the stabilization of the protein despite the apparent lack of structure, which could be due to the absence of the relevant lipids to stabilize them in crystallographic conditions.
Instability of cooperation in finite populations
Authors: Molina Chai , Earn David J. D.
Published: July 2019

Evolutionary game theory has been developed primarily under the implicit assumption of an infinite population. We rigorously analyze a standard model for the evolution of cooperation (the multi-player snowdrift game) and show that in many situations in which there is a cooperative evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) if the population is infinite, there is no cooperative ESS if the population is finite (no matter how large). In these cases, contributing nothing is a globally convergently stable finite-population ESS, implying that apparent evolution of cooperation in such games is an artifact of the infinite population approximation. The key issue is that if the size of groups that play the game exceeds a critical proportion of the population then the infinite-population approximation predicts the wrong evolutionary outcome (in addition, the critical proportion itself depends on the population size). Our results are robust to the underlying selection process.
A Computational Model of Normal and Impaired Lexical Decision: Graded Semantic Effects
Authors: Chang Ya-Ning , Furber Steve , Ralph Matthew Lambon , Welbourne Stephen
Published: July 2019

Lexical decision is an important paradigm in studies of visual word recognition yet the underlying mechanisms supporting the activity are not well understood. While most models of visual word recognition focus on orthographic processing as the primary locus of the lexical decision, a number of behavioural studies have suggested a flexible role for semantic processing regulated by the similarity of the nonword foil to real words. Here we developed a computational model that interactively combines visual-orthographic, phonological and semantic processing to perform lexical decisions. Importantly, the model was able to differentiate words from nonwords by dynamically integrating measures of polarity across the key processing layers. The model was more reliant on semantic information when nonword foils were pseudowords as opposed to consonant strings. Moreover, the model was able to capture a range of standard reading effects in lexical decision. Damage to the model also resulted in reading patterns observed in patients with pure alexia, phonological dyslexia, and semantic dementia, demonstrating for the first time that both normal and neurologically-impaired lexical decision can be addressed in a connectionist computational model of reading.
The crystal structures of {LnCu5}3+ (Ln = Gd, Dy and Ho) 15-metallacrown-5 complexes and a reevaluation of the isotypic EuIII analogue
Authors: Pavlishchuk Anna , Naumova Dina , Zeller Matthias , Calderon Cazorla Sebastian , Addison Anthony W.
Published: July 2019

Three new isotypic heteropolynuclear complexes, namely pentaaquacarbonatopentakis(glycinehydroxamato)nitratopentacopper(II)lanthanide(III) x-hydrate, [LnCu5(GlyHA)5(CO3)(NO3)(H2O)5]·xH2O (GlyHA2− is glycinehydroxamate, N-hydroxyglycinamidate or aminoacetohydroxamate, C2H4N2O2
2−), with lanthanide(III) (Ln
III) = gadolinium (Gd, 1, x = 3.5), dysprosium (Dy, 2, x = 3.28) and holmium (Ho, 3, x = 3.445), within a 15-metallacrown-5 class were obtained on reaction of lanthanide(III) nitrate, copper(II) acetate and sodium glycinehydroxamate. Complexes 1–3 contain five copper(II) ions and five bridging GlyHA2− anions, forming a [CuGlyHA]5 metallamacrocyclic core. The Ln
III ions are coordinated to the metallamacrocycle through five O-donor hydroxamates. The electroneutrality of complexes 1–3 is achieved by a bidentate carbonate anion coordinated to the Ln
III ion and a monodentate nitrate anion coordinated apically to one of the copper(II) ions of the metallamacrocycle. The lattice parameters of complexes 1–3 are similar to those previously reported for an EuIII–CuII 15-metallacrown-5 complex with glycinehydroxamate of proposed composition [EuCu5(GlyHA)5(OH)(NO3)2(H2O)4]·3.5H2O [Stemmler et al. (1999). Inorg. Chem.
38, 2807–2817]. High-quality X-ray data obtained for 1–3 have allowed a re-evaluation of the X-ray data solution proposed earlier for the EuCu5 complex and suggest that the formula is actually [EuCu5(GlyHA)5(CO3)(NO3)(H2O)5]·3.5H2O.
1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3,6-diiodobenzene benzene monosolvate
Authors: Bosch Eric
Published: July 2019

The title compound, C6Cl4I2·C6H6, crystallizes from benzene solution as cube-shaped crystals in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with Z = 1. The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure contains one half of each molecule. In the crystal, the benzene ring is almost orthogonal to the perhalobenzene ring and the molecules are linked by C—I...π interactions, with a close contact between the iodine atom and the benzene ring of 3.412 (1) Å.
Application of agent model in the optimal design of AIG for SCR-DeNOx system
Authors: Li Na , Wang Han , Xu Hui , Miao Mingfeng
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Ammonia injection grid (AIG) is used as an input device for ammonia which reacts with NOx in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactor. However, non-uniform concentration distribution of ammonia could produce partially poisoning or deposits of the catalyst. In this work, for making ammonia widely distributed throughout the flue gas and fully mixed, an optimization method of AIG is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

Depending on the complexity of fluid flow, the relation between the concentration distributions of ammonia and the geometric parameters of AIG is nonlinear. Based on a certain amount of AIG samples, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied to propose the agent model which describes the functional relation of the deviation of ammonia concentration and the geometric parameters of AIG. The optimization model of AIG based on the agent model is established. The optimized AIG based on the agent model can be used to produce uniform concentration distributions of ammonia, especially in the case that velocity distribution of flue gas is non-uniform.

Findings

For qualitatively confirming this optimization method, the three-dimensional CFD simulation of the optimized AIG is carried out. The results reveal that the diffusion process of ammonia gas is consistent with the development of the local vortices, which have a certain relation with the velocity distribution of the flue gas. The unequal ammonia injection designed by the optimization based on the agent model promotes a better mixing of ammonia and flue gas.

Originality/value

In this work, first, the method for optimizing AIG based on the agent model is proposed. Second, the three-dimensional CFD modeling and simulation of the optimized AIG is carried out, and the mixing effects of ammonia and flue gas are presented.
Creating better dynamic relaxation methods
Authors: Rezaiee-Pajand M. , Estiri Hossein , Mohammadi-Khatami Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that using appropriate values for fictitious parameters is very important in dynamic relation methods. It will be shown that a better scheme can be made by modifying these terms.

Design/methodology/approach

Former research studies have proposed diverse values for fictitious parameters. These factors are very essential and highly affect structural analyses’ abilities. In this paper, the fictitious masses in ten previous well-known schemes are replaced with each other. These formulations lead to the extra 41 different new procedures.

Findings

To compare the skills of the created processes with those of the ten previous ones, 14 benchmark problems with geometrical nonlinear behaviour are analysed. The performances’ evaluations are based on the number of iterations and analysis time. Considering these two criteria, the score of each technique is found for the ranking assessments.

Research limitations/implications

To solve a static problem by using a dynamic relaxation (DR) scheme, it should be first converted to a dynamic space. Using the appropriate values for fictitious terms is very important in this approach. The fictitious mass matrix and damping factor play the most effective role in the process stability. Besides, the fictitious time step is necessary for improving the method convergence rate.

Practical implications

Different famous DR procedures were compared with each other previously. These solvers used their original assumptions for the imaginary mass and damping. So far, no attempt has been made to change the fictitious parameters of the well-known DR methods. As these fictitious factors highly affect structural analyses’ efficiencies, these solvers are formulated again by using new parameters. In this study, the fictitious masses of ten previous famous methods are replaced with each other. These substitutions give 51 different procedures.

Originality/value

It is concluded that the present formulations lead to more effective and favourable methods than the solvers with previous assumptions.
A coupled MMALE-FE method for solving 3D fluid-solid interaction problems with multi-material flow
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhang Xiong
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The simulation of the fluid–solid interaction (FSI) problem is important for both academic studies and engineering applications. However, the numerical approach for simulating the FSI problems is a great challenge owing to the large discrepancy of material properties and inconsistent description of grid motion between the fluid and solid domains. The difficulties will be further increased if there are multiple materials in the fluid region. In these complicated applications, interface reconstruction, multi-material advection and FSI must be all taken into account. This paper aims to present an effective integrated work of multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (MMALE) method, finite element (FE) method and the continuum analogy method to simulate the complex FSI problems involving multi-material flow. The coupled method is used to simulate the three-dimensional CONT test and the blast-plate interaction. The numerical results show good agreement with the benchmark and the experiment data, which indicates that the presented method is effective for solving the complicated FSI problems.

Design/methodology/approach

MMALE and FE methods are used to simulate fluid and solid regions, respectively. The interfacial nodes of fluid and solid are required to be coincident in the whole simulation so the interacted force can be easily and accurately calculated. To this end, the continuum analogy method is used in the rezoning phase.

Findings

The coupled method is used to simulate the three-dimensional CONT test and the blast-plate interaction. The numerical results show good agreement with the benchmark and the experiment data, which indicates that the presented method is effective for solving the complicated FSI problems.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the ALE method, moment of fluid interface reconstruction method, continuum analogy method and the FE method are combined to solve complicated practical problems.
Multi-scale analysis for helically wound structures with one-dimensional periodicity
Authors: Yan Jun , Hu Haitao , Yang Zhixun , Wan Rui , Li Yang
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present a multi-scale analysis methodology for calculating the effective stiffnesses and the micro stresses of helically wound structures efficiently and accurately. The helically wound structure is widely applied in ocean and civil engineering as load-bearing structures with high flexibility, such as wire ropes, umbilical cables and flexible risers. Their structures are usually composed of a number of twisted subcomponents with relatively large slender ratio and have the one-dimensional periodic characteristic in the axial direction. As the huge difference between the axial length and the cross-section size of this type of structures, the finite element modeling and theoretical analysis based on some assumption are usually unavailable leading to the reduction of computability; even the optimization design becomes infeasible.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the asymptotic homogenization theory, the one-dimensional periodic helically wound structure is equivalent to the one-dimensional homogeneous beam. A novel implementation of the homogenization is derived for the analysis of the effective mechanical properties of the helically wound structure, and the tensile, bending, torsional and coupling stiffness properties of the effective beam model are obtained. On this basis, a downscaling analysis formation for the micro-component stress in the one-dimensional periodic wound structure is constructed. The stress of micro-components in the specified geometry position of the helically wound structure is obtained basing on the asymptotic homogenization theory simultaneously.

Findings

By comparing with the result from finite element established accurately, the established multi-scale calculation method of the one-dimensional periodic helically wound structure is verified. The influence of size effects on the macro effective performance and the micro-component stress is discussed.

Originality/value

This paper will provide the theoretical basis for the efficient elastoplastic analysis of the helically wound structure, even the fatigue analysis. In addition, it is necessary to point out that the axial length of the helically wound structure in the general engineering problems that such as deep-sea risers and submarine cables.
Alpine Trekkers and Tours: economic condition and its impacts on tourism industry of Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Syed Shaan , Akhtar Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Learning outcomes

The paper has the following learning outcomes: to understand the historical and geographical aspect of Pakistan vis-à-vis other countries of South East Asia and the world; to be able to understand the different marketing strategies of the tourism company; to gather the knowledge of many unknown facts which remain out of sight and hardly surface; to boost economy if its facts and figures are given due weight age and followed with true letter and spirit; and to give a big boost to an industry which remains mostly dormant for many decades. The ratio analysis of service sector is explained. How finances can be arranged in shortest time and generates profitability for the company is also discussed.

Case overview/synopsis

The study provides an overview on the following topics: lack of interest by the Government in promotion; training of tour operators and guide; and managing the expected income from this industry. This study makes the masses aware that how much potential exist in the field of tourism in Pakistan. How the tour operators find huge potential in all segments of tourism and how the big force of trained manpower can be formed and creates employment. Service sector mostly run on equity finances because of lack of collateral, how efficiently they manage the finance for the business year. It gives details of extensive marketing strategy, the huge profit margin in foreign currency and cost volume profit systems of tourism companies.

Complexity academic level

BBA, MBA and MS.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Effect of absorber plate surface shape and glass cover inclination angle on the performance of a passive solar still
Authors: Goshayeshi Hamid Reza , Safaei Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Solar-driven water desalination technologies are rapidly developing with various links to other renewable sources. However, the efficiency of such systems severely depends on the design parameters. This paper presents results from an investigation on the effect of the glass cover inclination angle on the performance of two stepped solar still geometries (flat and convex) and the amount of produced distilled water.

Design Methodology Approach

Studied inclination angles of 25°, 27.5°, 30°, 32.5° and 35° were chosen, while other design parameters were fixed.

Findings

The investigation showed that the unit with the convex absorber plate had higher average water daily production rate, compared to the output of the flat absorber plate unit. The results also depicted that the inclination angle of the still has a noticeable effect on the performance of solar stills. The value of the critical angle is 32.5°, and the higher inclination angle results in less heat transfer coefficient. This value can be used for design purposes and erases the typical assumption to use lower angles to optimize the productivity of the still.

Practical Implications

Finally, obtained data were used to correlate the Nusselt number for the flat and convex surfaces with different inclination angles of the glass cover.

Originality Value

The outcome of this investigation may find applications to develop highly efficient solar stills to secure more drinkable water in warm, dry lands.
High-order approximation for generalized fractional derivative and its application
Authors: Yadav Swati , Pandey Rajesh K. , Shukla Anil K. , Kumar Kamlesh
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to present a high-order scheme to approximate generalized derivative of Caputo type for μ ∈ (0,1). The scheme is used to find the numerical solution of generalized fractional advection-diffusion equation define in terms of the generalized derivative.

Design/methodology/approach

The Taylor expansion and the finite difference method are used for achieving the high order of convergence which is numerically demonstrated. The stability of the scheme is proved with the help of Von Neumann analysis.

Findings

Generalization of fractional derivatives using scale function and weight function is useful in modeling of many complex phenomena occurring in particle transportation. The numerical scheme provided in this paper enlarges the possibility of solving such problems.

Originality/value

The Taylor expansion has not been used before for the approximation of generalized derivative. The order of convergence obtained in solving generalized fractional advection-diffusion equation using the proposed scheme is higher than that of the schemes introduced earlier.
Redesigning the efficiency process analysis for working capital models
Authors: Seth Himanshu , Chadha Saurabh , Sharma Satyendra
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to get insights into working capital management (WCM) practices and the determinants of its efficiency prevailing in the Indian manufacturing sector using firm-specific as well as macro-economic variables by examining three efficiency models, i.e. cash conversion cycle (CCC), cash conversion efficiency (CCE) and net working capital level (NWCL).

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses panel data techniques on 1,207 firms of the Indian manufacturing sector, as well as on its nine key manufacturing industries from 2008 to 2018 for the analysis.

Findings

Several firm-specific variables such as net fixed asset ratio, size of the firm, profitability, firm’s growth, asset turnover ratio, age of the firm, interest rate and leverage have significant effect on WCM efficiency, whereas total assets growth rate, gross domestic product growth rate and inflation rate have insignificant effect on WCM efficiency.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides new empirical evidence on the short-term liquidity management of manufacturing firms prevailing in the developing countries such as India. The findings are particularly relevant in the present scenario when the liquidity levels are decelerating and there is a marked slowdown in private credit flows to the manufacturing sector due to the problem of burgeoning non-performing assets.

Originality/value

This study examines WCM efficiency exhaustively by incorporating both firm-specific and macro-economic variables using three efficiency measures, i.e. CCC, CCE and NWCL, results of which emerged as an answer to an efficient WCM.
To what extent does Sussex Recovery College reflect its community? An equalities and diversity audit
Authors: Meddings Sara , Walsh Lucy , Patmore Louise , McKenzie Katie Louise Emily , Holmes Sophie
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether one Recovery College reflects its community.

Design/methodology/approach

Recovery College students’ demographics and protected characteristics were compared with the general population and the population of people using local mental health services.

Findings

Recovery College students were representative of the local community in terms of ethnicity, religion or belief and sexual orientation. Fewer Recovery College students were over 60 years old or men.

Practical implications

Recovery Colleges may be more accessible to people who are often under-served and under-represented in mainstream mental health services, including people from BAME backgrounds and people who identify as LGBT. Recovery Colleges may need to engage more men and more older people. Recovery Colleges aim to be inclusive and open to all but need to ensure that this is a reality in practice.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore who accesses Recovery Colleges and whether they are inclusive and open to all.
Measuring the word recognition abilities of children who are both verbal and nonverbal with ASD using a traditional paper‐based and a novel digital test format
Authors: Arnold Sharon , Reed Phil
Published: July 2019

Approximately 30% of school‐aged individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are nonverbal (that is, they have little or no spontaneous spoken language). Most reading tests require verbalisation, which may under‐estimate reading ability in this group. To determine decoding abilities of nonverbal children with ASD (with an age range of 72 to 229 months), a novel digital form of reading assessment, comparable to the widely used New Salford Reading Test, was created. Three groups were tested: verbal ASD (n = 33); nonverbal ASD (n = 24); and verbal non‐ASD with a Statement of special educational needs (n = 24). Reading ages were compared for all three groups using the paper‐based version of the test, and a digital format that was not reliant on participants' ability to verbalise. The reading scores of nonverbal students with ASD were much lower than the scores of verbal students with ASD when tested with the paper version of the scale, but this difference was eradicated when the digitised version was employed. These results suggest that the use of the nonverbal digital test may offer a good assessment of the reading abilities of nonverbal children with ASD.
Ambivalence towards discourse of disaster resilience
Authors: Ruszczyk Hanna A.
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates empirically how the international aid community (IAC)—donors and practitioners—considers and implements disaster resilience in a specific country setting, Nepal, and throughout the rest of the world. A key finding is that there is ambivalence about a concept that has become a discourse. On a global level, the IAC utilises the discourse of resilience in a cautiously positive manner as a bridging concept. On a national level, it is being used to influence the Government of Nepal, as well as serving as an operational tool of donors. The mythical resilient urban community is fashioned in the IAC's imaginary; understanding how people create communities and what type of linkages with government urban residents desire to develop their resilience strategies is missing, though, from the discussion. Disaster resilience can be viewed as another grand plan to enhance the lives of people. Yet, regrettably, an explicit focus on individuals and their communities is lost in the process.
The crystal structure of Capicua HMG‐box domain complexed with the ETV5‐DNA and its implications for Capicua‐mediated cancers
Authors: Lee Hyeongseok , Song Ji‐Joon
Published: July 2019

Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor and functions downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. Somatic mutations found in the HMG‐box DNA binding domain in CIC have been implicated in several cancers such as oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, and adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular basis of the DNA binding of CIC and the effect of the somatic mutations found in cancers on DNA binding have not been investigated. Here, we report the crystal structure of the HMG‐box domain of CIC complexed with its target DNA, the promoter of Ets Translocation Variant 5 (ETV5). The structure shows that the HMG‐box domain has an L‐shaped structure and recognizes the minor groove leading to DNA bending. Our structure combined with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that cancer‐associated mutations in the HMG‐box domain abrogate the interaction with DNA. These results provide the molecular insight into the DNA binding of CIC and reveal the effects of carcinogenic mutations on DNA binding.
Use of an energy‐based/critical plane model to assess fatigue life under low‐cycle multiaxial cycles
Authors: Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng
Published: July 2019

For engineering components subjected to multiaxial loading, fatigue life prediction is crucial for guaranteeing their structural security and economic feasibility. In this respect, energy‐based models, integrating the stress and strain components, are widely used because of their availability in fatigue prediction. Through employing the plastic strain energy concept and critical plane approach, a new energy‐based model is proposed in this paper to evaluate the low‐cycle fatigue life, in which the critical plane is defined as the maximum damage plane. In the proposed model, a newly defined NP factor κ* is used to quantify the nonproportional (NP) effect so that the damage parameter can be conveniently calculated. Moreover, a simple estimation method of weight coefficient is developed, which can reflect different contributions of shear and normal plastic strain energy on total fatigue damage. Experimental data of 10 kinds of materials are employed to assess the effectiveness of this model as well as three other energy‐based models.
In the making: Open Creative Labs as an emerging topic in economic geography?
Authors: Schmidt Suntje
Published: July 2019

In the past 15 years, we have witnessed an upsurge of collaborative spaces providing an arena for individual and collective creativity, (co)creating craft‐based products, urban manufacturing, and experimentation with business or creative ideas using innovative technologies such as 3D printing or CNC milling machines. The discourses on spaces such as coworking, hacker‐ or makerspaces, accelerators, Fab Labs, and open workshops promise new communities, more innovation, and a transformation of work. This has called for interdisciplinary scholarly attention, primarily from organization and management studies, sociology, and entrepreneurship studies. However, little attention has so far been paid to this development from the perspective of geography. This paper employs Open Creative Labs as an umbrella term for the diversity of spaces and aims at, first, providing an overview of recent interdisciplinary perspectives on the functions of labs in coordinating creativity and entrepreneurship, as well as the motivations of users to utilize these spaces for their projects, and, second, offers an approach to a multiscalar spatial conceptualizations of labs. The paper concludes by exploring policy implications that may benefit from an economic‐geography perspective.
In vivo analysis of the presence of heme oxygenase‐1, transcription factor Jun‐D and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells in the pulp of bleached teeth
Authors: Benetti F. , Briso A. L. F. , de Araújo Lopes J. M. , Carminatti M. , Conti L. C. , Gallinari M. O. , Ervolino E. , Cintra L. T. A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced responsiveness in pulp cells using heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) immunolabelling, Jun‐D immunolabelling to study the effects of H2O2 on odontoblastic differentiation and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cell counting for in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells in the pulp.

Methodology

The maxillary molars of 50 rats were treated with a bleaching gel (35% H2O2, 1 × 30 min) or placebo gel (control groups). At 2, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the treatment (n = 10), inflammation in pulp tissue was analysed by haematoxylin–eosin staining, HO‐1‐ and Jun‐D‐immunolabelled cells were counted in each third of the pulp chamber, and the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells was quantified by immunofluorescence. The results were assessed using the Paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (P < 0.05).

Results

Significant H2O2‐induced inflammation was noted at 2 and 3 days (P < 0.05), with tertiary dentine formation occurring from 7 days. The bleached specimens had greater HO‐1 immunolabelling in the middle and cervical thirds of the coronal pulp at 2 and 3 days, in all thirds at 7 days, and in the occlusal third at 15 days (P < 0.05), and significant nuclear Jun‐D immunolabelling in the cervical third at 2 and 3 days and in the occlusal and middle thirds at 7 days (P < 0.05). Bleached and control groups had low numbers of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells in the pulp at all periods (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Pulp cells responded to oxidative stress by expressing HO‐1 during the post‐bleaching inflammation phase until the beginning of the repair phase. Jun‐D expression occurred during the reduction of inflammation and the beginning of tertiary dentine production. The presence of oxidative stress did not influence the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells identified in vivo in the dental pulp.
Nurse‐led post‐thoracic surgery pain management programme: its outcomes in a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Odejobi Y.O. , Maneewat K. , Chittithavorn V.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a nurse‐led pain management programme on pain intensity, side effects of treatment, shoulder range of motion and length of stay after thoracic surgery.

Background

Post‐thoracic surgical pain is a major source of stress and distress for patients. It has profound effects ranging from increased risks in developing chronic post‐thoracic surgery pain to an increased length of stay after surgery. The post‐thoracic surgical pain management in the Nigerian context is based on the traditional approach that is dependent on the attending medical and nursing staff.

Methods

The study was a quasi‐experimental design (two‐group post‐test only). The study was conducted in a Nigerian hospital. Forty‐two patients were recruited and consecutively assigned into either the usual pain management group or the intervention group after they had met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected utilizing the following: (1) the modified McGill Pain Questionnaire; (2) a Numeric Rating Scale; (3) the documentation form for thoracic surgery pain management outcomes and (4) a goniometer.

Results

The findings indicated that pain intensity, nausea and drowsiness were significantly reduced among the patients in the experimental group than the control group, while the duration of stay after surgery and the shoulder range of motion were not different between the groups.

Conclusion

This study's results suggest that the intervention in question for patients undergoing thoracic surgery had a positive effect on reducing pain intensity, nausea and drowsiness but not the shoulder range of motion and length of stay after surgery.

Implications for nursing policy

Nursing policymakers may need to give a serious consideration to the revision of policies related to the nursing education curriculum as well as the in‐service training curriculum regarding pain management by nurses especially after surgery. Likewise, future research on other populations employing an improved methodology as well as utilizing up‐to‐date evidence by nurses across different hospitals may be necessary.
Extended distribution‐free newsvendor models with demand updates using experts’ judgment
Authors: Nagare Madhukar , Dutta Pankaj , Cheikhrouhou Naoufel
Published: July 2019

Retailers of short lifecycle products, such as life and style goods, are required to commit an order with their suppliers far ahead of their selling seasons using scant demand information. Most of the time, they practice pre‐season two‐stage single ordering (instants) model that provides an opportunity to modify an initial order based on an updated demand forecast obtained at a later stage. The present paper utilizes expert judgment to assess potential demand impacts of contextual information acquired between two instants to update the initial demand forecast. Additionally, the scant demand information available may not reveal the underlying demand distribution. In this context, we develop inventory models under distribution‐free newsvendor setting to determine optimal weight factor and order size, considering the updated demand forecast. The models consider bidirectional demand changes and different cases of demand variability: a constant variance case (CVC), a constant coefficient of variation case (CCVC), and a general case (GC). The models are further extended by subjecting them to constraints for practical considerations and to a multi‐item case. The closed‐form expressions are presented for the decision variables and the lower bound of expected profit and the results are discussed using numerical examples. The results show economic benefits in revising the demand forecast using expert judgment, the deleterious impact of constraints, and negative role of demand variability. In addition, a real‐life case study illustrates an assessment of potential demand impact and the applicability of the proposed models.
A new perspective on post‐earnings‐announcement‐drift: Using a relative drift measure
Authors: Clement Michael , Lee Joonho , Yong Kevin Ow
Published: July 2019

Prior research finds that there is a delayed reaction to both analyst‐based earnings surprises and random‐walk‐based earnings surprises. Focusing on the market reaction from the post‐announcement window, prior studies show that analyst‐based drift is larger than random walk‐based drift. This finding is counter‐intuitive if we believe large, sophisticated investors tend to trade on analysts’ forecast earnings news and thus react faster and more completely than smaller and less sophisticated investors react to random walk earnings news. In this study, we construct a relative measure of post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) (i.e., drift as a proportion of total market reaction to earnings news) which we refer to as the ‘drift ratio’, and we provide evidence, consistent with our intuition, that analyst‐based drift ratio is smaller (not greater) than random‐walk‐based drift ratio. We find that this difference is more pronounced in more recent periods and for firms with more sophisticated investors. Our approach to measure the PEAD is more intuitive than that in traditional PEAD literature. Our results thus complement existing research findings by utilizing the drift ratio measure to generate new insights about the drift phenomenon.
Does modality play a role? Visual‐verbal cognitive style and multimedia learning
Authors: Koć‐Januchta Marta M. , Höffler Tim N. , Eckhardt Marc , Leutner Detlev
Published: July 2019

The study presented in this paper aimed to examine the effect of visual and verbal cognitive style on learning from different types of visualization and modalities of explanatory text. Learning materials in the form of either computer‐based animation or a series of static pictures with written or spoken explanations were presented to 197 students. We found that a more developed visual cognitive style was related to a better learning outcome, when learning from a combination of static pictures and written text. Higher developed visualizers achieved poorer learning outcomes when learning with an animation and written text. The results are partially in line with an ability‐as‐compensator effect and the expertise reversal effect. Additionally, we found a modality effect as the versions with spoken text provided better results on learning outcome than the versions with written text regardless of the prominence of visual cognitive style. No significant interaction effects were found regarding verbal cognitive style.
Sex differences and gonadal hormone regulation of brain cardiolipin, a key mitochondrial phospholipid
Authors: Acaz‐Fonseca Estefania , Ortiz‐Rodriguez Ana , Garcia‐Segura Luis Miguel , Astiz Mariana
Published: July 2019

Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid that is almost exclusively located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. As a result of its unique structure and distribution, CL establishes non‐covalent bonds with a long list of proteins involved in ATP production, mitochondria biogenesis, mitophagy and apoptosis. Thus, the amount of CL, as well as its fatty acid composition and location, strongly impacts upon mitochondrial‐dependent functions and therefore the metabolic homeostasis of different tissues. The brain is particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of its high metabolic demand. Several mitochondrial related‐neurodegenerative disorders, as well as physiological ageing, show altered CL metabolism. Furthermore, mice lacking enzymes involved in CL synthesis show cognitive impairments. CL content and metabolism are regulated by gonadal hormones in the developing and adult brain. In neuronal cultures, oestradiol increases CL content, whereas adult ovariectomy decreases CL content and alters CL metabolism in the hippocampal mitochondria. Transient sex differences in brain CL metabolism have been detected during development. At birth, brain CL has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the brain of male mice than in the brain of females. In addition, the expression of enzymes involved in CL de novo and recycling synthetic pathways is higher in males. Most of these sex differences are abolished by the neonatal androgenisation of females, suggesting a role for testosterone in the generation of sex differences in brain CL. The regulation of brain CL by gonadal hormones may be linked to their homeostatic and protective actions in neural cells, as well as the manifestation of sex differences in neurodegenerative disorders.
Cosmetic use of three topical moisturizers following glycolic acid facial peels
Authors: Santos‐Caetano Joao Paulo , Vila Ricardo , Gfeller Christoph F. , Cargill Matthew , Mahalingam Harish
Published: July 2019

Background

Facial chemical exfoliation (peeling) involves using a chemical agent to insult the skin and damage the cutaneous barrier, to reduce the signs of aging. The use of a moisturizer is advised postprocedure to promote repair of the epidermis. Biomimic moisturizer formulations may be effective treatment options for repair following facial peeling.

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the local tolerance and cosmetic efficacy of three topical moisturizers (Physiogel® moisturizing creams), used after a 70% glycolic acid facial peel.

Methods

Three randomized, evaluator‐blind, parallel group studies were performed. Subjects were healthy females aged 30‐60 years with moderate to advanced photoaged skin (Glogau photoaging type II–III). All included a screening visit, a 7‐day washout period, a 70% glycolic acid facial peeling procedure, and randomization to a 14‐day treatment period with one of the three test products vs control.

Results

The primary endpoint was reached in all three studies; all completed subjects in the test groups received a favorable dermatologist global assessment score for tolerance at Day 14 (postchemical peel). Secondary assessments of local tolerance based on dermatologist and subject self‐assessment scores demonstrated improvements from baseline. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported in any study. Benefits for the test products were also observed in secondary efficacy analyses of transepidermal water loss and moisturization.

Conclusions

These studies have demonstrated the local tolerance and cosmetic efficacy of three moisturizing skin care products, when used for skin recovery after superficial chemical peeling on the face.