bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of a fast Li-ion path in a MOF-derived Fe3O4@NC sulfur host enables high-rate lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhao Yifang , Wu Lian , Yu Yue , Dai Yongqiang , Liao Bing , Pang Hao
Published: July 2022

With an effective ion path structure and sufficient N-doping in the carbon skeleton, the MOF-derived Fe3O4@NC exhibited potential as the cathode in high-rate lithium–sulfur batteries.
Heterolytic carbon–iodine bond cleavage by a palladium(i) metalloradical
Authors: Sinclair Matthew J. G. , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: July 2022

The well-defined palladium(i) metalloradical [Pd(PtBu3)2]+ activates aryl and alkyl iodides under mild conditions.
Introduction to Dalton Transactions themed issue – New Talent: Europe (2022)
Authors: Morris Russell E. , Karppinen Maarit , Ceroni Paola
Published: July 2022

Russell E. Morris, Maarit Karppinen and Paola Ceroni introduce the Dalton Transactions themed issue “New Talent: Europe 2022”.
Development of a cost-effective and sustainable nanoplatform based on a green gold sononanoparticles/carbon black nanocomposite for high-performance simultaneous determination of nanoplastics
Authors: Jebril Siwar , García-Moreno María de Valme , Palacios-Santander José María , Dridi Chérif , Cubillana-Aguilera Laura
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical sensor with green gold sononanoparticles (fromMalva sylvestrisleaf extract) and carbon black onto a Sonogel-Carbon electrode to determine simultaneously hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol in various water samples.
Nuciferine attenuates acute ischemic stroke in a rat model: a metabolomic approach for the mechanistic study
Authors: Chen Chang , Duan Feipeng , Xie Yongyan , Wan Quan , Liu Haiyun , Gong Jinpeng , Huang Liping , Song Zonghua
Published: July 2022

Nuciferine is a promise therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.1H NMR metabolomics was conducted in this study to further elucidate its pharmacological mechanism, which is helpful to be used as a potential treatment for stroke clinically.
2D MXene interfaces preserve the basal electrophysiology of targeted neural circuits
Authors: Xiao Miao , Li Xiaoyun , Pifferi Simone , Pastore Beatrice , Liu Yun , Lazzarino Marco , Torre Vincent , Yang Xiaowei , Menini Anna , Tang Mingliang
Published: July 2022

The Ti3C2Tx Mxene interface preserves the basal electrophysiology of the targeted neural circuits.
Molecular simulations of the interfacial properties in silk–hydroxyapatite composites
Authors: López Barreiro Diego , Martín-Moldes Zaira , Blanco Fernández Adrián , Fitzpatrick Vincent , Kaplan David L. , Buehler Markus J.
Published: July 2022

This combined computational–experimental work describes with atomistic resolution the interfacial interaction between the silk and hydroxyapatite and the potential implications for the development of osteoinductive silk biomaterials.
Correction: Computational insights on the origin of enantioselectivity in reactions with diarylprolinol silyl ether catalysts via a radical pathway
Authors: Lam Ching Ching , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Computational insights on the origin of enantioselectivity in reactions with diarylprolinol silyl ether catalysts via a radical pathway’ by Ching Ching Lam et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2qo00354f.
The effective removal of Pb2+ by activated carbon fibers modified by l-cysteine: exploration of kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Yao Yuyuan , Chen Dingzhou , Lan Ping
Published: July 2022

A low-cost fabrication route has been developed to prepare a chemically grafted activated carbon fiber, which effectively removed Pb2+ from solution. Multiple characterisation results indicated that l-cyst-ACF had abundant N-containing and S-containing functional groups.
Effect of steam on heat storage and attrition performance of limestone under fluidization during CaO/CaCO3 heat storage cycles
Authors: Fang Yi , Li Yingjie , Dou Yehui , He Zirui , Zhao Jianli
Published: July 2022

A mixture of high-concentration steam and CO2 is proposed as a calcination medium for a CaO/CaCO3 heat storage system.
Chiral oxazolidines acting as transient hydroxyalkyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes: an efficient route to air stable copper and gold complexes for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Pichon-Barré Delphine , Zhang Ziyun , Cador Aël , Vives Thomas , Roisnel Thierry , Baslé Olivier , Jarrige Lucie , Cavallo Luigi , Falivene Laura , Mauduit Marc
Published: July 2022

Well-defined chiral Cu(i) and Au(i) hydroxyalkyl NHC complexes were synthesized from oxazolidines. The copper-catalysts and oxazolidines alone (copper free), demonstrated excellent performances in asymmetric conjugate addition and allylic alkylation.
Macroscopic charge segregation in driven polyelectrolyte solutions
Authors: Bagchi Debarshee
Published: July 2022

Using coarse-grained simulations we show that a polyelectrolyte solution when driven by a steady external electric field undergoes a nonequilibrium phase transition from a homogeneously mixed phase to a macroscopically charge-segregated phase.
Interfacial self-assembly of SiO2–PNIPAM core–shell particles with varied crosslinking density
Authors: Ickler Maret , Menath Johannes , Holstein Laura , Rey Marcel , Buzza D. Martin A. , Vogel Nicolas
Published: July 2022

The effect of crosslinker content and core size on the interfacial self-assembly of batch-type PNIPAM@SiO2 core–shell particles was studied, revealing parameter windows for chain phases, rhomboid packing and stable d = 448 nm non-close packed cores.
In situ phase-reconfiguration to synthesize Ru, B co-doped nickel phosphide for energy-efficient hydrogen generation in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Wang Yonglong , Sun Qingshan , Wang Zixuan , Xiao Weiping , Fu Yunlei , Ma Tianyi , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

Ru, B co-doped nickel phosphide is developed via an in situ phase reconfiguration process and it presents remarkable electrocatalytic performances toward the HER, OER, and UOR with excellent stability.
Hierarchical mesoporous selenium@bimetallic selenide quadrilateral nanosheet arrays for advanced flexible asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Sichao , Ye Fei , Liu Wenjie , Lian Jiabiao , Li Guochun , Wang Huanting , Hu Linfeng , Wu Limin
Published: July 2022

Hierarchical mesoporous selenium@bimetallic selenide based asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated and delivers high specific capacitance, negligible capacitance decay, excellent coulombic efficiency, and outstanding energy and power densities.
Facile synthesis of Fe2P/Co embedded trifunctional electrocatalyst for high-performance anion exchange membrane fuel cells, rechargeable Zn–air batteries, and overall water splitting
Authors: Bai Yang , Wang Yaqin , Qiao Zelong , Yang Yongping , Deng Luanjie , Li Chuanjie , Chen Xiudong , Wang Shitao , Huang Yan , Zhang Xianren , Cao Dapeng
Published: July 2022

A trifunctional electrocatalyst was synthesized via a facile one-pot pyrolysis process. The synergistic effect of Fe2P and Co nanoparticles significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of fuel cells, Zn–air batteries and overall water splitting.
Versatile van der Waals heterostructures of γ-GeSe with h-BN/graphene/MoS2
Authors: Huan Changmeng , Wang Pu , Liu Bingtao , He Binghan , Cai Yongqing , Ke Qingqing
Published: July 2022

Versatile vdW heterostructures of γ-GeSe with h-BN/graphene/MoS2 are investigated.
Single image reflection removal through multi‐scale gradient refinement
Authors: Cheng Kuanhong , Du Juan , Li Jia , Li Yuxin , Li Yilan , Li Junhuai
Published: July 2022

Removing the undesired reflection layer from images taken through glass windows is an important yet challenging task. Many existing CNN‐based methods try to utilize the gradient as an important clue to guide the training and achieve better separation. But the scene depth of real‐world scenarios is usually uncontrollable, leading to the uncertainty of smooth level in the transmission and reflection layers, which makes it a great challenge to model the two layers in the gradient domain. This paper proposes a multi‐scale gradient refinement network to resolve this problem. First, it is suggested that even the two layers are usually partially smooth, their gradients can still be sharp in the down‐scaled samples. To this end, the separation is conducted at four different scales by minimizing the similarity of the two layers to boost the gradient sharpness prior. Second, it is considered that the separation performance of downscaled samples is usually superior to that of the high‐resolution images because of the sharper edges. For this reason, a cascade architecture is designed that takes the down‐scaled predictions to promote the high‐resolution decomposition stage‐by‐stage to recover the full‐resolution results. Besides, the scale‐wise memory mechanism is introduced into the prediction network to resolve the detail loss issue caused by the multi‐stage upscaling refinement process. The experimental results on benchmark datasets indicate that the new model surpasses several state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Dissecting the central regions of OH 231.8+4.2 with ALMA: A salty rotating disk at the base of a young bipolar outflow
Authors: Contreras C. Sanchez , Alcolea J. , Cardoso R. Rodriguez , Bujarrabal V. , Castro-Carrizo A. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Velilla-Prieto L. , Santander-Garcia M.
Published: July 2022

We present a set of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum and molecular line emission maps at ~1 mm wavelengths of OH 231.8+4.2. This is a well studied bipolar nebula around an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star that is key in investigations of the origin of the remarkable changes in nebular morphology and kinematics during the short transition from the AGB to the planetary nebula (PN) phase. The excellent angular resolution of our maps (~20 mas ≈ 30 au) allows us to scrutinize the central nebular regions of OH 231.8+4.2, which hold the clues to unravel how this iconic object assembled its complex nebular architecture. We report, for the first time for this object and others of its kind (i.e.,pre-PN with massive bipolar outflows), the discovery of a rotating circumbinary disk selectively traced by NaCl, KCl, and H2O emission lines. This represents the first detection of KCl in an oxygen-rich (O-rich) AGB circumstellar envelope (CSE). The rotating disk, of a radius of ~30 au, lies at the base of a young bipolar wind traced by SiO and SiS emission (referred to as the SS-outflow), which also presents signs of rotation at its base. The NaCl equatorial structure is characterised by a mean rotation velocity of Vrot ~ 4 km s−1 and extremely low expansion speeds, Vexp ~ 3 km s−1. The SS-outflow has predominantly expansive kinematics, characterized by a constant radial velocity gradient of ~65km s−1 arcsec−1 at its base. Beyond r ~ 350 au, the gas in the SS-outflow continues its radial flow at a constant terminal speed of Vexp ~ 16 km s−1. Our continuum maps reveal a spatially resolved dusty disk-like structure perpendicular to the SS-outflow, with the NaCl, KCl, and H2O emission arising from the surface layers of the disk. Within the disk, we also identify an unresolved point continuum source, which likely represents the central Mira-type star QX Pup enshrouded by a ~3 R* component of hot, (~1400 K) freshly formed dust. The point source is slightly off-center (by ~6.6mas) from the disk centroid, enabling us to place the first constraints on the orbital separation and period of the central binary system, namely: a ~ 20 au and Porb ~ 55 yr, respectively. The formation of the dense rotating equatorial structure at the core of OH 231.8+4.2 is most likely the result of wind Roche lobe overflow (WRLOF) mass transfer from QX Pup to the main-sequence companion; this scenario is greatly favored by the extremely low AGB wind velocity, the relatively high mass of the companion, and the comparable sizes of the dust condensation radius and the Roche lobe radius deduced from our data. The Vexp∝ r kinematic pattern observed within the r ≲ 350 au inner regions of the SS-outflow suggest that we are witnessing the active acceleration of the companion-perturbed wind from QX Pup as it flows through low-density polar regions.
Validated numerical simulation of airflow in child respiratory airways
Authors: Belka Miloslav , Maly Milan , Cejpek Ondrej , Elcner Jakub , Lizal Frantisek , Jedelsky Jan , Jicha Miroslav
Published: July 2022

Both pulmonary airway geometry and breathing pattern evolve from birth to adulthood. These gradual changes significantly influence airflow dynamics and subsequently particle transport and deposition. Regarding the airway structure, the differences between infants and adults are most profound till 5 years of age. Since that age the child airway geometry can be downsized from adult lungs. The objective of the present work was to investigate airflow patterns in child airways. The digital model of male respiratory airways was downsized to dimensionally correspond to a 5–year old child. Airflow simulations with properly validated RANS k–ω turbulence model were performed under steady inhalation boundary conditions. The inspiratory flow rate was 12.5 L/min. The velocity profiles just upstream of the first bifurcation were validated by Laser–Doppler anemometry (LDA) experiments. A replica of the same geometry as the one used in the simulation was 3D printed and part of the trachea was replaced by a glass tube. LDA measurements in several points upstream of the first bifurcation were carried out. The validated flow patterns were compared to the ones obtained in adult lungs.
Dual-capillary dilatometer for density measurements of supercooled water
Authors: Blahut Aleš , Hykl Jiří , Peukert Pavel , Hrubý Jan
Published: July 2022

An apparatus tailored to accurate density measurements of supercooled water, i.e. liquid water in a metastable state below the freezing point temperature, was recently developed at the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The apparatus, dual-capillary dilatometer, is described, together with the measurement procedure and the evaluation methodology. The primary result of the dual-capillary method are relative densities with respect to the density at a reference temperature and given pressure. In order to calculate absolute densities, densities at the reference temperature as a function of pressure are needed. For calculation of such pressure dependence of density, so called thermodynamic integration involving literature thermodynamic data and our experimental results is used. The dual-capillary dilatometer was successfully employed in density measurements of ordinary water, heavy water and seawater. The data in the temperature range from 238.15 to 303.15 K at pressures from atmospheric up to 200 MPa are presented and compared with respective IAPWS formulations of thermodynamic properties. The data for ordinary water are also compared with an accurate equation of state for supercooled water of Holten et al. (2014) revealing good mutual agreement. The expanded uncertainty of relative densities acquired by means of the dual-capillary method is estimated to be lower than 50 ppm.
Polymeric hollow fibers: a modular heat exchanger for thermal management systems of battery modules in electric vehicles
Authors: Bohacek Jan , Hvozda Jiri , Mraz Krystof , Vakhrushev Alexander , Karimi-Sibaki Ebrahim
Published: July 2022

The liquid-cooling system based on polymeric hollow fibers (ø1 mm) embedded inside durable polydicyclopentadiene is proposed for thermal management of li-ion cylindrical batteries from their surface. In the present work, a dramatically improved design is presented, eliminating the following drawbacks: I) the thermal resistance of the heat exchanger is minimized by bringing fibers into direct contact with the negative terminal/cylindrical shell, II) the fabrication process (combination of extrusion and rapid injection molding) is significantly simplified and accelerated as the essential component of the heat exchanger is nearly planar, and III) inlet/outlet manifolds were refined to enhance modularization of the cooling system of the whole battery pack. The pressure loss of the heat exchanger is favorably low, about 100 Pa, corresponding to 10 l/min of the coolant circulating in the entire battery pack of a virtual electrical vehicle. The heat exchanger was stacked with 18650-type lithium-ion cells, which were repeatedly charged/discharged. With the coolant inlet temperature of 20 °C and the C-rate of 1 C, the maximum temperature of the cells during cycling was between 26 °C and 22 °C in the given range of flow rates (5–45 ml/min). Temperature spreads were 10 °C and 4 °C.
High optical quality models for flow visualization and PIV measurement
Authors: Kasparek Milos , Novakova Ludmila
Published: July 2022

Visualization of internal flow or PIV measurements in areas of real pipe elements is a method commonly used in flow studies. For these applications, transparent models with very complex internal geometries are required. Key features of the model are the high-quality optical access, which ideally allows to obtain image of the whole measured area without deformation and with noise suppression. The technology of 3d printing in combination with casting allows the production of almost any type of transparent models of piping elements. Models produced using this technique have almost ideal optical properties. By using index-matching fluid, optical distortions as well as reflections and refractions of light on the inner edges of the model are suppressed. The paper presents the results of visualization and 2D PIV measurements in the model of the globe valve with adjustable valve plug. The valve’s inner geometry was rapid prototyped using a water-soluble material and casted with clear silicone Sylgard 184 under vacuum. The model exhibits excellent optical properties for PIV measurements, especially in the vicinity of walls.
Career burnout and psychological consistency among radiation workers in China: a cross section study
Authors: Cui L. , Feng Z. , Xu H.
Published: July 2022

We conducted a survey on the mental status, including burnout, sense of coherence (SOC) and anxiety about radiation exposure among medical radiation workers in China. SOC levels were evaluated through a validated scale, SOC-13. Burnout was measured using the 22-item version of Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS). A total of 277 medical radiation workers answered the questionnaire. The mean values of SOC-13 and burnout were 50 (SD 13.5) and 79.7 (SD 25.7), respectively. The sum scores of SOC-13 and MBI-HSS were significantly linear correlated (p < 0.01, F = 284.239, adjusted R2 = 0.506). Anxiety about radiation exposure was significantly associated with intention to leave employment (
χ

2 = 66.535, p < 0.001, Cramer’s v = 0.347, p < 0.001). The participants who have no anxiety about radiation exposure have significantly higher scores of sense of coherence than those who have mild and moderate anxiety (p < 0.01); they have lower scores of burnout (p < 0.01). The participants who have no intention to leave employment have significantly higher scores of sense of coherence and lower scores of burnout than those who have an intention or hesitate to leave (p < 0.01).

Most participants in this study showed considerable caution about whether to participate in radiation work during pregnancy. Anxiety about radiation exposure was considered a contributing factor for burnout and led to the intention to leave employment. Efforts to design targeted interventions, such as educational programs, to mitigate radiation anxiety in medical radiation workers are warranted.
Sustainable multi-products delivery routing network design for two-echelon supplier selection problem in B2B e-commerce platform
Authors: Prajapati Dhirendra , Chelladurai H. , Zhou Fuli , Ip Andrew W.H. , Pratap Saurabh
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the environmental impact produced by multi-vehicle transportation on a sustainable supply chain (SC) network. The relevance of green principles is gaining momentum day by day, which has forced the governments to introduce carbon emission schemes for the transportation associated with the firms. Various countries around the globe are introducing carbon-pricing schemes, in which a carbon tax is imposed based on the amount of anthropogenic emissions. A firm, which sets environmental standards for the emission associated with its operational activities, should design a transportation network based on the trade-off between its economic efficiency and the carbon emission. In this paper, the main focus is to design a sustainable supply chain network. A mixed-integer-non-linear-programming (MINLP) model is formulated to minimize the overall cost incurred in a multi-vehicle, multi-product sustainable transportation network. The meta-heuristic approach i.e., Hybrid Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm with Tabu search (CRO-TS) and LINGO solver have been used to solve the proposed model. This analysis can guide the government to encourage the logistics service providers to capitalize on anthropogenic gas emission systems and simultaneously design the tax policy on carbon emission.
Hyperacusis and Misophonia: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Measures
Authors: Kula Fatma Betul , Cropley Mark , Aazh Hashir
Published: July 2022

Abstract Background Hyperacusis can be defined as an intolerance of certain everyday sounds, which are perceived as too loud or uncomfortable and which cause significant distress and impairment in the individual's day-to-day activities. Misophonia is defined
as a high magnitude of emotional and behavioral reaction to certain sounds produced by human beings, such as eating sounds and breathing sounds. Several psychometric instruments have been developed to assess symptoms and the impact of hyperacusis and misophonia; however, to the authors' knowledge,
no study has evaluated and compared the methodological quality of the studies on psychometric properties of the existing instruments. Purpose This article systematically reviews the research studies assessing the psychometric properties of the instruments used for hyperacusis
and misophonia and assesses the quality and appropriateness of the methodologies used. Research Design Systematic review. Data Collection and Analysis A systematic literature search was performed using five electronic literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO,
Google Scholar, and Web of Science). Studies were included if they were written in English and reported information about the psychometric properties of instruments measuring hyperacusis or misophonia symptoms or their impact. The quality of the studies and that of the psychometric instruments
were evaluated using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health-measurement instruments (COSMIN) tool. Results The title and abstracts of 916 articles were screened and 39 articles were selected for full-text evaluation, with 14 articles meeting the inclusion
criteria. From these 14 articles, 8 different instruments (5 for hyperacusis and 3 for misophonia) were identified and reviewed comprising: (1) Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), (2) Inventory of Hyperacusis Symptoms, (3) questionnaire on hypersensitivity to sound, (4) Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire,
(5) short HQ, (6) Amsterdam Misophonia Scale, (7) MisoQuest, and (8) the Misophonia Questionnaire. Conclusion None of the papers reviewed reported all the information required to meet the COSMIN standards. The studies' methodological quality varied between “very good”
and “inadequate” depending on their grade on the COSMIN tool. There is a need for further research on the psychometric properties of the instruments included in this review.
Selective Recognition of Ammonium over Potassium Ion with Acyclic Receptor Molecules Bearing 3,4,5-Trialkylpyrazolyl Groups
Authors: Fuhrmann Felix , Seichter Wilhelm , Mazik Monika
Published: July 2022

Among the 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes bearing pyrazolyl groups, the compounds with 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl moieties were found to be effective receptors for ammonium ions (NH4
+). The current study investigated the extent to which the incorporation of an additional alkyl group in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring affects the binding properties of the new compounds. 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations and investigations using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that this small structural variation leads to a significant increase in the binding strength towards NH4
+ and also improves the binding preference for NH4
+ over K+. In addition to the studies in solution, crystalline complexes of the new triethyl- and trimethylbenzene derivatives, bearing 3,4,5-trialkylpyrazolyl groups, with NH4
+PF6
− were obtained and analyzed in detail. It is noteworthy that two of the crystal structures discussed in this work are characterized by the presence of two types of ammonium complexes. Studies focusing on the development of new artificial ammonium receptors are motivated, among other things, by the need for more selective ammonium sensors than those based on the natural ionophore nonactin.
Immature Platelet Fraction and Thrombin Generation: Preeclampsia Biomarkers
Authors: Moraes Daniela , Milioni Camila , Vieira Carolina Friske , Parera Eveline Avila , Silva Bárbara Dewes , Baron Miriam Viviane , Costa Bartira Ercília Pinheiro da , Poli-de-Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Preeclampsia, a human pregnancy syndrome, is characterized by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. Its etiology remains unknown, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are related to placental hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and coagulation cascade activation. Recently, the role of the complement system has been considered. This syndrome is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This article discusses the hypothesis of preeclampsia being triggered by the occurrence of inadequate implantation of the syncytiotrophoblast, associated with bleeding during the first stage of pregnancy and with augmented thrombin generation. Thrombin activates platelets, increasing the release of antiangiogenic factors and activating the complement system, inducing the membrane attack complex (C5b9). Immature platelet fraction and thrombin generation may be possible blood biomarkers to help the early diagnosis of preeclampsia.
Association of Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein and Hypo-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia with Low Saliva Flow Rates in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elders
Authors: Mizoguchi Nana , Nohno Kaname , Yoshihara Akihiro , Ito Kayoko , Funayama Saori , Ogawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Introduction The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) with reduced saliva flow rates have not been previously reported.

Objective The present study aimed to assess the association of cholesterolemia with reduced saliva flow rates in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Methods The present study analyzed 342 participants (170 males and 172 females aged between 78 and 79 years old). Unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) was assessed using a cotton roll method. Low-USFR was defined as 0.10 g/30 seconds. Stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was assessed by having the participants chew tasteless gum for 3 minutes. Low-SSFR was defined as 1.0 mL/minute. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of LDL-C, HDL-C, rheumatoid factor, hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine. To assess depression, the General Health Questionnaire 30 was used. A standardized questionnaire was completed, covering the current and previous medications of the participants and smoking status. We stratified the serum LDL-C levels of the participants as normal, moderate or severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia and serum HDL-C levels as normal or hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were established and low-USFR or low-SSFR were set as dependent variables in the aforementioned models.

Results After controlling for the effects of the other variables, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-USFR were 2.25 (1.10–4.61) for moderate and 5.69 (1.55–20.8) for severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, while that of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was 3.40 (1.33–8.69). Severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was also associated with low-SSFR with an OR of 3.89 (1.39–10.88).

Conclusion Elderly patients with cholesterolemia have a risk of reduced salivary flow rate.
Effect of Application Deviations on Dentin Sealing of a Universal Adhesive: Permeability and Nanoleakage
Authors: Cavalheiro Alexandre , Cruz Joana , Sousa Bernardo , Silva Ana , Eira Raquel , Coito Catarina , Lopes Manuela
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that deviations from the recommended protocol of a universal adhesive system, applied to dentin according to the self-etch (SE) and the etch-and-rinse (ER) techniques, has on permeability and nanoleakage.

Materials and Methods Permeability: 60 extracted non-carious human third molars (N = 60) were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to three subgroups and treated with a universal adhesive system (Prime&Bond Active Universal) using the SE and ER techniques: (1) following the manufacturer's instructions with 5 seconds drying (MFR DRY 5S), (2) following the MFR DRY 10S, and (3) reduced application time of the adhesive to 5 seconds (APPL 5S). Nanoleakage: 12 additional 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared, treated and divided into six groups. They were immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate and processed according to conventional methods for the analysis of nanoleakage under transmission electron microscopy.

Statistical Analysis The results were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni's test.

Results Significant differences in permeability reduction were observed among the treatment groups (0.001). The results obtained for APPL 5S were significantly lower than the results obtained for both the MFR DRY 5S (p = 0.003) and MFR DRY 10S (p = 0.001).

Conclusions The reduced application time to 5 seconds creates imperfect dentin tubule sealing, which may explain clinical reports of postoperative sensitivity and early degradation of the resin–dentin interface.
Response Bias for Press Ganey Ambulatory Surgery Surveys after Knee Surgery
Authors: Zhang Tina , Schneider Matheus B. , Weir Tristan B. , Shaw Nichole M. , Foster Michael J. , Meredith Sean J. , Leong Natalie L. , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn III R. Frank
Published: July 2022

The Press Ganey Ambulatory Surgery (PGAS) survey is an emerging tool used to capture patient satisfaction after elective surgery. Evaluating patient satisfaction is important; however, quality improvement (QI) surveys used to capture the patient experience may be subject to nonresponse bias. An orthopaedic registry was used to retrospectively identify patients who underwent ambulatory knee surgery from June 2015 to December 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of PGAS survey nonresponse and response. In the cohort of 1,161 patients, 142 (12.2%) completed the PGAS survey. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that male sex, Black race, not living with a caretaker, student or unemployment status, and worse preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) fatigue were predictors of nonresponse. The results of this study highlight the presence of nonresponse bias in the PGAS survey after elective knee surgery.
Cannabidiol Improves Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats: Involvement of Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptors
Authors: Aryannejad Armin , Eslami Faezeh , Shayan Maryam , Noroozi Nafise , Hedayatyanfard Keshvad , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Jafari Razieh Mohammad , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: July 2022

Background One of the major complications associated with random-pattern skin flaps is distal necrosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently gained much attention as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBD on the random-pattern skin flap survival (SFS) in rats and to explore the possible involvement of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors.

Methods In this controlled experimental study, we randomly divided male Wistar rats into seven study groups (six rats each). We performed a random-pattern skin flap model in each rat following pretreatment with vehicle (control) or multiple doses of CBD (0.3, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg). In a separate group, we injected SR144528 (2 mg/kg), a high affinity and selective CB2 inverse agonist, before the most effective dose of CBD (1 mg/kg). A sham nontreated and nonoperated group was also included. Seven days after surgeries, the percentage of necrotic area (PNA) was calculated. Histopathological microscopy, CB2 expression level, and interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were also investigated in the flap tissue samples.

Results A PNA of 72.7 ± 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.8–80.6) was captured in the control group. Following treatment with CBD 0.3, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, a dose-dependent effect was observed with PNAs of 51.0 ± 10.0 (95% CI: 40.5–61.5; p <0.05), 15.4 ± 5.8 (95% CI: 9.3–21.5; p <0.001), 37.1 ± 10.2 (95% CI: 26.3–47.8; p <0.001), and 46.4 ± 14.0 (95% CI: 31.7–61.1; p <0.001), respectively. Histopathologically, tissues enhanced significantly. Besides, CB2 expression surged remarkably, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations decreased considerably after treatment with CBD of 1 mg/kg compared with the control (p <0.05 and <0.001, respectively). Administering SR144528 reversed the favorable effects of CBD of 1 mg/kg, both macroscopically and microscopically.

Conclusion Pretreatment with CBD of 1 mg/kg improved SFS considerably in rats and exerted desirable anti-inflammatory effects which were possibly mediated by CB2 receptors.
Preoperative Activity Level an Indicator of Postoperative Functional Outcomes with a Contemporary Revision Total Knee System
Authors: Auran Richard L. , Ashby Samuel L. , Hitt Kirby D. , Jacofsky David J.
Published: July 2022

As the population requiring revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) grows, varying preoperative conditions may need to be considered when attempting to predict postoperative outcomes. Considering preoperative activity levels may help manage the expectations of patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of low- and high-activity subgroups of patients receiving a contemporary rTKA. One hundred and eighty-one rTKA patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study were evaluated over a minimum follow-up of 2 years postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative activity level using the Lower Extremity Activity Scale. Patients scoring between 1 and 7 were classified as “Low Activity” (LA; N = 105) and patients scoring 8 to 18 were classified as “High Activity” (HA; N = 76). Clinical outcomes were evaluated, with an additional quality-of-life analysis completed utilizing SF-6D (6-dimension short form) scores obtained through a method described by Brazier et al and analyzed for effect size. There were no significant differences in age or body mass index between the groups. Postoperative improvement in both groups were similar in the Knee Society score (KSS), but the LA group showed larger increases in the KSS functional assessment at 6 months (16.2) and 2 years (34.8). There was a statistically significant effect (0.96, p = 0.0006) seen in the LA group at 1 year, in conjunction with a higher SF-6D outcome. The current study population displayed significant improvement in functional patient outcomes following rTKA regardless of preoperative activity level and function. Patients with lower preoperative activity levels demonstrated greater cumulative functional and quality-of-life improvements. This suggests that a lower preoperative activity level may be related to a poorly functioning knee and that rTKA has the potential to improve overall activity levels and function. Low preoperative function should not disqualify patients for rTKA.
Investigation of the Etiological Causes of Central Nervous System Infection in Children with Multiplex PCR
Authors: Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren , Köle Mehmet Tolga , Çağ Yakup , Tekol Serap Demir , Akın Yasemin
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the causative agents of central nervous system (CNS) infection in hospitalized pediatric patients by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children who underwent lumbar puncture with suspected CNS infection between September 2019 and September 2021. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were evaluated by the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel.

Results The etiology of the infection was established in 13,02% (n = 25) cases. Human herpesvirus (HHV) type 6 was the most commonly identified pathogen 60% (n = 15), followed by enterovirus 20% (n = 5), Streptococcus pneumoniae 8% (n = 2), Streptococcus agalactiae 4% (n = 1), HHV type 1 4% (n = 1), and Listeria monocytogenes 4% (n = 1). The statistical analysis showed that the age of the group with enterovirus was younger than the age of the group with other causative microorganisms and the group with HHV-6 (respectively p: 0.032; p: 0.011). The hospitalization periods of the group with enterovirus and HHV-6 were shorter than the hospitalization periods of the other causative microorganisms (respectively p: 0.016; p: 0.000) and the absolute neutrophil count values of the group with HHV-6 were lower than the group of other causative microorganisms (p: 0.015).

Conclusion Our study identified HHV-6 as the main cause of CNS infection in Istanbul during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic when isolation measures were taken. The duration of hospital stay was found to be shorter in CNS infection caused by viral agents. Revealing the causative agent in the CSF is a fast and effective method that prevents unnecessary antibiotic treatment and shortens the hospitalization period of patients.
Clinical Profile of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Yashaswini Kenchappa , Lalitha Annayappa Venkatesh , Naresh Kanna Giri Subramanian , A. John Michael Raj
Published: July 2022

Objectives Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2 (SARS CoV2) immune dissonance seen in the pediatric population. The current study is an attempt to understand the subtleties of diverse phenotypes, immunotherapeutics, and short-term outcome parameters of MIS-C.

Materials and Methods Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between 1 month and 18 years, satisfying MIS-C criteria, were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. They were stratified into different phenotypes like shock, Kawasaki disease, and nonspecific phenotypes. Respiratory, vasoactive support, and outcomes were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results Seventy-five children presented with MIS-C during the study period. The mean age was 66 months with 54.6% females. Coronavirus disease (COVID) antibody was positive for 41 (54%), real time-reverse rranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity was positive in 16 (21.3%), and rapid antigen test was positive in 10 (13%). Common symptoms included fever (100%), rash (30%), conjunctival congestion (29.7%), and cardiovascular (68% with shock) involvement. Notable differences in shock phenotype were identified including Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, inflammatory markers, cardiac involvement, need for inotropes, and ventilation. In total, 32% received intravenous immunoglobulin and 48% glucocorticoids. The overall mortality in children with MIS-C was 9 (12%). The need for mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 10.94, confidence interval [2.06, 58.06], p-value <0.005) was noted as an independent predictor of mortality by logistic regression.

Conclusion MIS-C showed a significant cardiovascular involvement at presentation, necessitating intensive care and immunomodulatory therapies. There were higher odds of mortality in the ventilated cohort.
COVID-19 Lung Damage in a Preterm Newborn
Authors: Khalouaoui Amal , Habert Paul , Dequin Marion , Gire Catherine , Tosello Barthélémy
Published: July 2022

The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared responsible for a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. It created, since its emergence, a special concern in neonates given their immature immune system and their frequent contact with caregivers.

Monochorionic very preterm female neonate (315/7 weeks of gestation) with growth retardation had at 3 weeks of age severe lung damage following an acute respiratory failure caused by horizontally transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Before this acute episode, she was without respiratory support apart from 7 days of positive airway pressure following a respiratory distress syndrome. Both of her parents, her twin sister, and her referent nurse tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Chest radiographs showed bilateral alveolar infiltration. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan detected multiple ground-glass opacifications in both lungs along with ventilation disorders and bronchial wall thickening. Neonate paraclinical tests showed a negative C-reactive protein and hypogammaglobulinemia. Mechanical ventilation was needed for 1 week along with sedation, pharmaceutically induced paralysis, and inhaled nitric oxide. Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia revealed by oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of gestation was treated with steroids and noninvasive respiratory support. The neonate was discharged with free oxygen at home.

Her twin sister, also SARS-CoV-2–positive, only needed noninvasive ventilation for 19 days.

Severe forms of COVID-19 in premature neonates, with long-term respiratory sequelae, are possible. Considering the lack of data in this age group, more studies are needed to investigate the risk factors associated with severe symptoms, the effects of specific treatments, and the long-term prognosis of the disease.
Neisseria Meningitidis Serogroup Z–Induced Meningitis: The First Case from Turkey
Authors: Arga Gül , Konca Hatice Kübra , Çelik Ayça Nur , Botan Edin , Çağlayan Utku , Özdemir Halil , Vatansever Göksel , Kendirli Tanıl , Çiftçi Ergin
Published: July 2022

Neisseria meningitidis is a significant worldwide cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. High case-fatality rates and severe complications in survivors can occur. We present a 1-month 23-day-old case diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis and sepsis, in which serogroup Z of N. meningitidis was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures and treated with ceftriaxone for 7 days. Our patient is the first case of N. meningitidis serogroup Z–induced invasive meningococcal infection in Turkey. N. meningitidis serogroup Z is not included in the current meningococcal vaccines. It is concerning that a nonvaccine serogroup caused this invasive meningococcal disease and that even if the vaccine would cover this serogroup, it has happened before the usual age of administration. Therefore, meningococcal disease surveillance should continue, and an effective prevention and control strategy for nonvaccine serogroups should be implemented.
Accuracy of Lumbosacral Pedicle Screw Placement in Dogs: A Novel 3D Printed Patient-Specific Drill Guide versus Freehand Technique in Novice and Expert Surgeons
Authors: Bongers Jos J. , Wilkinson Nathan , Kurihara Manabu , Bridges Janis P. , Baltzer Wendy , Worth Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of pedicle screw placement at the canine lumbosacral junction using a novel unilateral three-dimensional printed patient-specific guide (3D-PSG) versus a freehand drilling technique. Additionally, accuracy of screw placement between a novice and an experienced surgeon was determined.

Study Design Preoperative computed tomography images from 20 lumbosacral cadaveric specimens were used to design a novel unilateral 3D-PSG for the L7 and sacral vertebrae which was printed in acryl-nitrile butadiene styrene plastic. A novice and an expert surgeon each placed 3.5mm cortical screws in 10 cadavers; on the left using the unilateral 3D-PSG and by the freehand (anatomic landmark) technique on the right.

Results Sixty screws were placed using the unilateral 3D-PSG and 60 using the freehand technique. There was no statistical difference in accuracy for the comparison between methods performed by the expert (p = 0.679) and novice (p = 0.761) surgeon, nor between an expert and novice surgeon overall (p = 0.923). Unexpectedly, the use of a unilateral 3D-PSG increased variability for the expert surgeon in our study (p = 0.0314).

Conclusion Using a novel unilateral 3D-PSG did not improve the accuracy of screw placement for lumbosacral stabilization by a novice surgeon compared with an expert surgeon in lumbar spine surgery. This may reflect a suboptimal PSG design.
Abstract Presentation at Two Veterinary Surgery Conferences and the Impact on Publication Rate
Authors: Kettleman William S. , Torres Bryan T.
Published: July 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the publication rate (PR) and report descriptive findings from abstracts presented at the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS), the Veterinary Orthopaedic Society (VOS), and those presented at both conferences.

Study Design All conference abstracts from 2001 to 2010 ACVS and VOS meetings were reviewed. PR in peer-reviewed journals was evaluated and compared between Group 1 (abstracts presented at ACVS only; n = 1,277), Group 2 (abstracts presented at VOS only; n = 645), and Group 3 (abstracts presented at both conferences; n = 121) abstracts. Abstracts were assigned a level of evidence (LoE) score.

Results Approximately 6% of all abstracts evaluated were presented at two scientific meetings (Group 3). The PR of Group 1 (66%) and Group 3 (62%) abstracts was significantly higher than that of Group 2 (45%). The majority of abstracts were assigned a low LoE (3 or 4). Once presented, most Group 3 abstracts took <12 months to be submitted and <24 months to be published.

Conclusion This study found that a limited number of abstracts were presented at both ACVS and VOS, and PR was significantly different between those presented at ACVS only or both ACVS and VOS compared with VOS only. There was no significant difference in PR between Group 1 and Group 3 abstracts. This study has provided the initial comparison between abstracts presented at two veterinary surgical conferences.