bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-stage textured-patterns embedded QR codes for printed matter authentication
Authors: Xie Shundao , Zhong Shenjun , Chen Rongjun , Tan Hong-Zhou
Published: March 2021

The popular use of high quality printing and scanning equipment makes it easier to counterfeit important printed matter, such as important document, anti-counterfeit label on merchandise, packaging, etc. Previously, methods such as textured image, two-level quick response (2LQR) code, fractional-order spatial steganography, etc., have been used for printed matter authentication. In this paper, a simplified model is proposed to analyze the variation of the correlation of textured-patterns (hereinafter called patterns) after the print-and-scan (P&S) process, which gives accurate mathematical descriptions of the information loss during P&S processes. Based on previous theoretical results, we propose the two-stage textured-patterns embedded QR (2SQR) codes for printed matter authentication, which are based on 2LQR codes and sensitive to P&S process. In the generation process, the stage two (S2) patterns are introduced, which are the corresponding P&S version of the textures in the 2LQR codes, i.e., stage one (S1) patterns. Then part of the S1 patterns in 2LQR codes are replaced with the corresponding S2 patterns, resulting in the 2SQR codes. In the authentication process, the 2SQR indicator is used to eliminates the need for the original image, which eliminates the storage and retrieval process of the original images. Experiments show that, compared with the 2LQR codes, the 2SQR codes significantly improve the performance in distinguishing the authentic codes and their copied version.
In1-xGaxAs Double Metal Gate-Stacking Cylindrical Nanowire MOSFET for highly sensitive Photo detector
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Parveen , Raj Balwant , Raj Balwinder
Published: March 2021

This paper proposed a highly sensitive Double Metal Gate-stacking Cylindrical Nanowire-MOSFET (DMG CL-NWMOSFET) photosensor by using In1 − xGaxAs. For the best control of short channel effects (SCEs), a double metal gate has been utilized and for efficient photonic absorption, III-V compound has been utilized as channel material. The currently available Conventional Filed-Effect-Transistors (CFET) based photosensor have been used threshold voltage as parameter for the calculation of sensitivity, but in the proposed photosensor, change in subthreshold current has been used as the detecting parameters for sensitivity (Iillumination/Idark). The scientifically electrons study and the photo-conductive characteristics of In1 − xGaxAs CL-NWMOSFET are taken through Silvaco Atlas Tools. After the analysis of In1 − xGaxAs dual Metal Gate Stacking Cylindrical NWMOSFET responds to detectable spectrum (~ 450 nm), incidents light with constant, reversible and fast response by responsivity (4.3 mAW− 1), high Iillumination/Idark (1.36 * 109) and quantum-efficiency (1.12 %). The obtained results of In1 − xGaxAs DMG CL-NWMOSFET based photodetectors have the potential in optoelectronics applications.
Genomic Features of Rapid Versus Late Relapse in Triple Negative Breast Cancer 
Authors: Zhang Yiqing , Asad Sarah , Weber Zachary , Tallman David , Nock William , Wyse Meghan , Bey Jerome F. , Dean Kristin L. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Stockard Sinclair , Singh Jasneet , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U. , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Ma Ding , Wang Peng , Shi Leming , Huang Wei , Shao Zhi-Ming , Cherian Mathew , Lustberg Maryam B. , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Sardesai Sagar , VanDeusen Jeffrey , Williams Nicole O. , Wesolowski Robert , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Sizemore Gina , Sizemore Steve , Verschraegen Claire , Stover Daniel G.
Published: March 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and we have previously shown that rapid relapse of TNBC is associated with distinct sociodemographic features. We hypothesized that rapid versus late relapse in TNBC is also defined by distinct clinical and genomic features of primary tumors.Methods: Using three publicly-available datasets, we identified 453 patients diagnosed with primary TNBC with adequate follow-up to be characterized as ‘rapid relapse’ (rrTNBC; relapse/death ≤2 years of diagnosis), ‘late relapse’ (lrTNBC; >2 years) or ‘no relapse’ (nrTNBC: >5 years no relapse/death). We explored basic clinical and primary tumor multi-omic data, including whole transcriptome (n=453), and whole genome copy number and mutation data for 171 cancer-related genes (n=317). Association of rapid relapse with clinical and genomic features were assessed using Pearson chi-squared tests, t-tests, ANOVA, and Fisher exact tests. We evaluated logistic regression models of clinical features with subtype versus two models that integrated significant genomic features.Results: Relative to nrTNBC, both rrTNBC and lrTNBC had significantly lower immune signatures and immune signatures were highly correlated to anti-tumor CD8 T-cell, M1 macrophage, and gamma-delta T-cell CIBERSORT inferred immune subsets. Intriguingly, lrTNBCs were enriched for luminal signatures. There was no difference in tumor mutation burden or percent genome altered across groups. Logistic regression mModels that incorporate genomic features significantly outperformed standard clinical/subtype models in training (n=63 patients), testing (n=63) and independent validation (n=34) cohorts, although performance of all models were overall modest. Conclusions: We identify clinical and genomic features associated with rapid relapse TNBC for further study of this aggressive TNBC subset.
Blocking and Being Blocked on Gay Dating Apps Among MSM Attending a Sexual Health Clinic: An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Navin , Forastiere Laura , Janmohamed Kamila , Zhang Tiange , Sha Yongjie , Yu Fei , Yang Ligang , Tucker Joseph D. , Tang Weiming , Alexander Marcus
Published: March 2021

Background: While studies on blocking, a behavior on dating apps, and men who have sex with men (MSM) health outcomes have been conducted in other nations, albeit limited and mostly using qualitative techniques, no such study has been conducted in China, de-spite its large MSM population and relationship between Chinese MSM gay app use and health outcomes. We studied the correlates of blocking on the world’s largest gay dating app among Chinese MSM (N=208). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey as part of an HIV testing intervention in Guangzhou, China, May - December 2019. Using logistic regression models, we estimated the cor- relates of blocking. Results: MSM had a mean age of 27. years (SD=7.1) and median of sexual partner in the last three months. About 62% had blocked someone in their lifetime and 46% had been blocked in their lifetime. Each additional male partner was associated with an 87% (aOR=1.87, 95%CI= 1.03, 3.40) increased chance of being blocked.Conclusions: Number of male partners may be associated with blocking behavior, with implications for the design of online sexual health interventions.
Anesthesia Comlications After Neurosurgical Procedure in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit Running Title: Complications in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Chen Mingkai , Liu Juan , Hao Xuechao , Ou Mengchan , Song Xindi , Li Yu
Published: March 2021

Background: Complications in anesthesia emergence after neurosurgery varies widely but is associated with negative neurological outcomes. The present study was to investigate postoperative complication in the PACU.Methods: During July 2015 to July 2016, the retrospective cohort study was conducted and 1586 adult patients who underwent selective neurological surgery in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were recruited. The complications, including hypertension, hypoxia, etc. were determined by an anesthetist in PACU. Univariate statistics were performed using the chi-squared test, and 95% confidence intervals were determined for the resultant risk ratios. A multivariate model was constructed using significant variables from the univariate analysis (p < 0.05) with binary logistic regression.Results: Among the involved 1586 patients, the most frequent complications were hypertension (21.5% of patients) and hypoxemia (7.25% of patients), followed by airway obstruction (6.87%). Top three surgery for hypertension incidence were surgery for trigeminal neuralgia, aneurysm, subtentorial lesions. Significant predictors of hypertension included advanced age, sex, preoperative hypertension, and duration of general anesthesia.Conclusions: In the period of anesthesia recovery of neurosurgical patients, hypertension, hypoxemia, airway obstruction are three main complications in PACU.
Instagram as a Learning Tool in Neurology: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bakhos Georges T. , Khaled Karine J. Abou
Published: March 2021

Background: Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, there were remarkable changes in people’s lifestyle with a tendency to spend more time on social media rendering its platforms essential in all fields. This study was designed to look at the potential role of Instagram as a learning tool in neurology among Saint Joseph University (Beirut, Lebanon) medical students.Methods: This prospective study was spread over the period of 3 months, between the 10th of October and the 10th of December 2020. The target population was the medical students at Saint Joseph University (Beirut, Lebanon) in their 3rd to 7th academic year. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of the Instagram page called “La Synapse” on the students’ answers to ten neurology multiple choice questions (MCQs) before and after their exposure to the page’s content. The evaluation was done through a questionnaire conceived on Google Forms that also covered demographical characteristics, social media usage for educational purposes and their feedback post-exposure. In addition, we intended to evaluate the students’ opinion on using social media as a learning tool. The results were analyzed by comparing the pre-exposure and post-exposure data.Results: A total of 180 students were enrolled in the pre-exposure questionnaire (40% of the entire population) and 107 (59.44%) out of the initial group participated in the post-exposure questionnaire. Most students (81%) already used social media for educational purposes with YouTube being the most popular (51%). After exposure, 95% said to have profited from the experience but the junior students benefited more than the seniors. “Mnemonics” were the most practical learning strategy (44%) according to the participants. Regarding the MCQs, an improvement was found in seven out of the ten questions, with three having a statistically significant upswing (p < 0,05).Conclusions: The Instagram page “La Synapse” was an efficient tool for transmitting neurological information to medical students. These results should encourage the development of future prospective studies to better explore the role of social media in medical education.
Evaluation of the Clinical Profile and Malignancies in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Şahin Nihal , Demirsoy Ugur , Corapcioglu Funda
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) is a significant disease as it is one of the most common autosomal dominant disorders in childhood. Several systems are affected due to significant progression. This study aimed to analyze the clinical findings in children with NF 1 and investigate the characteristics of those with malignancy. Methods: Medical records of 55 children with NF 1 that were followed up for ten years (2004-2015) in our center were analyzed. We assessed clinical and demographical characteristics of patients, presence NF 1 diagnostic criteria, NF 1 related complications, and malignancies. The patients without malignancy are classified in group 1 while patients with malignancy are in group 2. Results: The mean age was 7.68 ± 4.65 years. Female gender was dominant in both groups. Café au lait spots were present in all patients. Axillary-inguinal freckling was observed in 76.4% of patients, followed by neurofibromas in 30.9%, Lisch nodules in 29.1%, bone dysplasia in 14.5%, optic gliomas (OG) in 23.6%, and a history of first degree relative with NF 1 in 63.6%. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were present in 40%. Tumors beyond CNS were acute myeloid leukemia and schwannoma. None of the diagnostic criteria was a risk factor for malignancy. Having >3 criteria was the risk factor for malignancy in NF-1 (OR:5.891, CI 95%: 1.676-20.705, p=0.006).Conclusions: The major problem is malignancies in NF -1 patients. There are no clearly defined risk factors predicting malignancies in NF-1 at present. However, we found the risk of malignancy higher in patients with more diagnostic criteria.
Spatial neighborhood intensity constraint (SNIC) clustering framework for tumor region in breast histopathology images
Authors: Tan Xiao Jian , Mustafa Nazahah , Mashor ‪Mohd Yusoff , Rahman Khairul Shakir Ab
Published: March 2021

Precise segmentation of tumor regions plays prominent role in the grading of breast carcinoma using the Nottingham Histological Grading (NHG) system. A robust segmentation framework is expected to produce cost-effective, repeatable, and reproducible quantitative outputs. In this study, a spatial neighborhood intensity constraint (SNIC) clustering framework for tumor region in breast histopathology images is presented. The proposed framework consists of five main stages: (1) color normalization, (2) segmentation and removal of nucleus cells, (3) SNIC, (4) FCM with knowledge-based initial centroids selection, and (5) post-processing. The novelty of the proposed framework lies within its simple but powerful in clustering tumor regions precisely in a heterogenous environment. The SNIC is implemented to remove and replace the intensity of the nucleus cells based on the spatial constraints. Also, a knowledge-based initial centroids selection method is implemented to ease the FCM clustering algorithm. Both of these methods are posited to facilitate the clustering stage producing complementary results. To validate the hypothesis, careful justifications are performed to evaluate the role of SNIC and knowledge-based initial centroids selection. These methods are found plausible by achieving positive results in \(Acc\), \(F1\), \(AOM\), and \(CEI\) of 91.2%, 92.1%, 85.7%, and 90.1%, respectively. To further demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, four recent works are included for benchmarking purposes. The proposed framework found outperformed these methods with the lowest percentages in over-segmentation and under-segmentation: 8.7% and 6.6%, respectively.
Safety and Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination of Previously Infected and Naive Populations
Authors: Efrati Shai , Catalogna Merav , Hamed Ramzia Abu , Hadanny Amir , Bar-Chaim Adina , Benveniste-Levkovitz Patricia , Levtzion-korach Osnat
Published: March 2021

Since COVID-19 risk of reinfection is of great concern, the safety and efficacy of the mRNA-based vaccines in previously infected populations should be assessed. We studied 78 individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-19, who received a single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and 1:2 ratio matched infection-naïve cohort who received two injections. The evaluation procedure included symptom monitoring, and serological tests. Among the post-infected population, the median IgG-S response after the first vaccine dose was 2260 AU/ml, compared to 238 AU/ml after the second vaccine injection in the infection naive group. A strong correlation was demonstrated between IgG-S level before vaccination, and the corresponding responses after a single vaccine dose (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) in the post infected population. Short-term severe symptoms that required medical attention were found in 6.8% among the post-infected individuals, while none were found in the infection naïve population. Our data suggest that a single vaccine dose is sufficient to induce an intense immune response in post-infected population regardless of seropositivity. Although some short-term safety issues were observed compared to the infection naïve population, a single dose regimen can be considered safe in post-infected populations.
First Record of Lobothorax Typus from Odisha Coast, India, with Molecular Characterisation and Observation of its Biphasic Moulting
Authors: Seth Jaya Kishor , Mohanty Swarup Ranjan , Behera Amit Kumar , Murmu Laxman Kumar , Mohapatra Anil
Published: March 2021

Two distinct morphologies of Cymothoidae isopod, Lobothorax typus were collected from the marine water of Bay of Bengal, Goapalpur-on-Sea as the first record of this parasite from coastal water of Odisha, India. All specimens were found attached to the buccal region of different individuals of the same host fish Trichiurus lepturus. With the aid of COI gene sequencing and morphological analysis, the individuals were found to be conspecific. The most prominent variation among the two morphologies includes the size of 5th pereonite and pleon length to total body length ratio. These variations are as a result of the biphasic moulting process. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree analysis based on COI gene sequences concluded the monophyletic taxonomy of different buccal attaching genera under the family Cymothoidae which is in congruence with their morphological divergence.
Influences of silicon carbide nanowires addition on IMC growth behavior of pure Sn solder during solid-liquid diffusion
Authors: Li Mulan , Zhang Liang , Nan Jiang , Zhong Sujuan , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2021

In this paper, various mass fraction (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 wt%) of silicon carbide nanowires (SiC) were incorporated into pure Sn solder to enhance the performances of Sn solder joint. The wetting behavior, shear strength and intermetallic compound (IMC) growth mechanism of Sn-xSiC/Cu solder during solid-liquid diffusion at 250°C was investigated systematically. The experiment results demonstrated that the wettability of Sn-xSiC/Cu solder had a significant improvement when the addition of SiC was up to 0.6 wt%, and excessive additives would degrade the wettability of the composite solder. The formation of the Cu6Sn5 IMC layer was observed at the Sn-xSiC solder/Cu interface. Meanwhile, SiC as an additive was conducive to restraining the growth of interfacial IMC during soldering process and the IMC thickness overtly fell down after doping 0.8 wt% SiC into Sn solder. Moreover, SiC addition would contribute to enhancing the mechanical performance of Sn solder joint. The fracture mechanism of solder joint changed from a mix of brittle and ductile fracture to a characteristic of typical ductile fracture.
SWE and SMI Ultrasound Techniques for Monitoring Needling Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: Study Protocol for a Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Fu Wen , Meng Lingcui , Liu Jiajia , Wu Lihua , Peng Yingjun , Li Ziping
Published: March 2021

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a high-incidence disease in young men that interferes with patients’ physical and mental wellbeing and overall quality of life (QoL) (7). It is often accompanied by arthralgia, stiffness and limited lumbar flexibility. Acupuncture is safe and effective for reducing the symptoms of AS, but the underlying mechanisms by which it does so are not fully understood. Therefore, to objectively assess acupuncture efficacy, which is critical for patients making informed decisions about appropriate treatments, we will use shear-wave elastography (SWE) and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) ultrasound techniques to evaluate elasticity of lumbar paraspinal muscles and blood flow to the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in AS.Methods: We will recruit a total of 70 participants diagnosed with AS and 30 healthy subjects. Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 to either an acupuncture group or a sham control acupuncture group. Primary-outcome measures will be musculoskeletal ultrasound and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). Secondary-outcome measures will be the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Function Index (BASFI), Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). We will monitor the effect of acupuncture or sham acupuncture on blood flow and SIJ inflammation using SMI, lumbar-muscle stiffness using SWE and the lumbar paraspinal-muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) using two-dimensional (2D) grayscale imaging. QoL, physical function and fatigue will be assessed using an evaluation scale or questionnaire developed for this study, with outcomes measured by the ASQoL, BASMI, BASDAI, BASFI and FS-14. Mental state will be evaluated using the SAS and SDS. Healthy subjects will not receive acupuncture but undergo only musculoskeletal ultrasound at baseline. Acupuncture and sham control acupuncture interventions will be conducted for 30 min, 2–3 times/week for 12 weeks. Musculoskeletal ultrasound will be conducted at baseline and post-intervention, while other outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 weeks and post-intervention. The statistician, outcome assessor and participants will be blinded to treatment allocation.Discussion: The results of this single-blinded, randomized trial with sham controls could help demonstrate the efficacy of acupuncture and clarify whether musculoskeletal ultrasound could be used to evaluate AS.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031476. Registered April 3, 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Twist engineering of the two-dimensional magnetism in double bilayer chromium triiodide homostructures
Authors: Xie Hongchao , Luo Xiangpeng , Ye Gaihua , Ye Zhipeng , Ge Haiwen , Sung Suk Hyun , Rennich Emily , Yan Shaohua , Fu Yang , Tian Shang-Jie , Lei Hechang , Hovden Robert , Sun Kai , He Rui , Zhao Liuyan
Published: March 2021

Twist engineering, or the alignment of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline layers with desired orientations, has led to tremendous success in modulating the charge degree of freedom in hetero- and homo-structures, in particular, in achieving novel correlated and topological electronic phases in moiré electronic crystals. However, although pioneering theoretical efforts have predicted nontrivial magnetism and magnons out of twisting 2D magnets, experimental realization of twist engineering spin degree of freedom remains elusive. Here, we leverage the archetypal 2D Ising magnet chromium triiodide (CrI3) to fabricate twisted double bilayer homostructures with tunable twist angles and demonstrate the successful twist engineering of 2D magnetism in them. Using linear and circular polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we identify magneto-Raman signatures of a new magnetic ground state that is sharply distinct from those in natural bilayer (2L) and four-layer (4L) CrI3. With careful magnetic field and twist angle dependence, we reveal that, for a very small twist angle (~ 0.5 degree), this emergent magnetism can be well-approximated by a weighted linear superposition of those of 2L and 4L CI3 whereas, for a relatively large twist angle (~ 5 degree), it mostly resembles that of isolated 2L CrI3. Remarkably, at an intermediate twist angle (~ 1.1 degree), its magnetism cannot be simply inferred from the 2L and 4L cases, because it lacks sharp spin-flip transitions that are present in 2L and 4L CrI3 and features a dramatic Raman circular dichroism that is absent in natural 2L and 4L ones. Our results demonstrate the possibility of designing and controlling the spin degree of freedom in 2D magnets using twist engineering.
Employing Multiple Synchronous Outcome Samples Per Subject to Improve Study Efficiency.
Authors: A'Hern Roger
Published: March 2021

Background: Accuracy can be improved by taking multiple synchronous samples from each subject in a study to estimate the endpoint of interest if sample values are not highly correlated. If feasible, it is useful to assess the value of this cluster approach when planning studies. Multiple assessments may be the only method to increase power to an acceptable level if the number of subjects is limited.Methods: The main aim is to estimate the difference in outcome between groups of subjects by taking one or more synchronous primary outcome samples or measurements. A summary statistic from multiple samples per subject will typically have a lower sampling error. The number of subjects can be balanced against the number of synchronous samples to minimize the sampling error, subject to design constraints. This approach can include estimating the optimum number of samples given the cost per subject and the cost per sample.Results: The accuracy improvement achieved by taking multiple samples depends on the intra-class correlation (ICC). The lower the ICC, the greater the benefit that can accrue. If the ICC is high, then a second sample will provide little additional information about the subject's true value. If the ICC is very low, adding a sample can be equivalent to adding an extra subject. Benefits of multiple samples include the ability to reduce the number of subjects in a study and increase both the power and the available alpha. If, for example, the ICC is 35%, adding a second measurement can be equivalent to adding 48% more subjects to a single measurement study.Conclusion: A study's design can sometimes be improved by taking multiple synchronous samples. It is useful to evaluate this strategy as an extension of a single sample design. An Excel workbook is provided to allow researchers to explore the most appropriate number of samples to take in a given setting.
Accuracy of CT for Measuring Femoral Neck Anteversion in Children With Developmental Dislocation of the Hip Verified Using 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Cai Zhencun , Piao Chengzhe , Zhang Tianyu , Li Lianyong , Xiang Liangbi
Published: March 2021

Background: Accurate femoral neck anteversion angle (FNA) measurement is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children. The FNA measurement still remains a controversy. We aimed to verify the accuracy of our CT method by 3D printing technology , and to evaluate its clinical value. Methods: Sixty-eight children with unilateral DDH were enrolled, and their FNA was measured using 2D-CT and 3D-CT, respectively, by three observers. This procedure was repeated 3 months later. The above measurement outcomes were then compared with the results in the 3D-printed femur (3D-PF) model. The FNA in the 3D-PF model was measured by three observers collectively through electronic angle instrument. Results: The primary measurement of FNA at the affected hips by 2D-CT was 44.0±6.1, 49.5±8.9 and 52.8±7.9 degrees, respectively. On the 3D-CT, it was 47.6±5.4, 49.3±6.8 and 48.6±6.2 degrees. Three months later, the FNA on 2D-CT was 49.3±10.5, 42.8±7.4 and 45.1±9.3 degrees, and it was 48.0±6.5, 48.9±7.2 and 49.0±5.7 degrees on 3D-CT, respectively. The FNA in the 3D-PF model at the affected and unaffected hips was 48.5±6.6 and 36.9±13.1 degrees. There were significant differences between 2D-CT and 3D-PF measurements, but no significant difference was found between 3D-CT and 3D-PF measurements. The results by 2D-CT showed significant differences among groups and between the groups. However, the results by 3D-CT had no significant differences among groups or between the groups. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that 3D-CT is a more precise, and reproducible method for FNA measurement in DDH. The FNA at the affected hips is 11.6 degree larger than the unaffected in DDH children aged 3-8 years.
Better not to quarrel after a sleepless night: preliminary evidence of the negative impact of sleep deprivation on interpersonal conflict
Authors: Curotto Patricia Cernadas , Sterpenich Virginie , Sander David , Favez Nicolas , Rimmele Ulrike , Klimecki Olga
Published: March 2021

Although poor sleep has been found to correlate with deteriorations in romantic relationships, its causal impact on interpersonal conflict has not previously been studied. Therefore, 30 couples were randomly assigned to either a single night of total sleep deprivation or a night of normal sleep to test the effects of sleep deprivation on couples’ conflict. After the experimental night, all participants discussed a topic of recurrent conflict for 15 minutes. We collected pre- and post-conflict measures of cortisol, self-reports of feelings and satisfaction with the conflictual discussion. Multilevel analyses revealed higher cortisol levels during conflict and less positive affect prior to and after the conflict for sleep-deprived couples compared to couples in the control condition. Additionally, higher cortisol levels during the conflict predicted lower satisfaction about the content of the conflict among sleep-deprived couples. These findings provide initial evidence for a causal negative impact of sleep deprivation on couples’ conflicts.
Processing methodology of global anthropogenic for air quality modeling
Authors: Pino-Cortés Ernesto
Published: March 2021

The Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA) storages and offers global datasets of emission inventories developed in the last 30 years. One of the most recently updated global datasets covering anthropogenic source emissions is the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). This study applied the NetCDF Command Operator (NCO) software to preprocess the anthropogenic sources included in the CAMS datasets and converted those files as an input in the Sparse Matrix Operator Kerner Emissions (SMOKE) model for future air quality modeling. As a result, six steps were applied to obtain the required file format. The case of the Central coast in Chile was analyzed to compare the global database and the official reports for the on-road transport sector. As a result, some differences were shown in the most populated locations of the domain of analysis. The rest of the zones registered similar values. The methodology exposed in this report could be applied in any other region of the planet for air quality modeling studies. The development of global datasets like CAMS is useful for hemispheric analysis and it could bring an estimation on the mesoscale scale. It represents an opportunity for those locations without official reports of non-updated data.
Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Study
Authors: Ghaffari Seyedeh Fatemeh , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Elyasi Forouzan , Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar Zohre
Published: March 2021

Background: Fear of childbirth was reported in 13% of fathers that may have consequences for the health of fathers and their families. Given the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire for measure fathers' fear of childbirth, this study was designed with the aim of design and develop Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties.Methods: This methodological study with explanatory sequential mixed method approach was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty fathers, and a literature review was done to generate Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), face, content, construct as well as reliability of the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale were evaluated. For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed with assistance of 433 expectant fathers. Reliability was also evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability.Results: The primary Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items which reduced to 17 items after face and content validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors: Fear of childbirth process (12 items), fear of (five items). These factors explained %50.82 of total variance. Goodness of fit indices within a confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all factors were greater than 0.70.Conclusion: The Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability instrument for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers.
Reshaping the Higher Education Makerspace and Harnessing Current Disruptive Events
Authors: Wu Kevin J. , Burg Timothy C. , Burg Karen J.L.
Published: March 2021

"Sustainable futures: propelling innovative ecosystems" was the theme intended for the Ninth Annual National Academy of Inventors Meeting. With the meeting cancelled, the content for the conference is being distributed online and in print format. Indeed, rather than shifting the conference's
theme, the COVID-19 pandemic has required us to examine ecosystems in a new context that likely would not have been fully explored otherwise. Makerspaces, an important part of the innovation ecosystem, rose alongside the maker movement as physical places where fabrication equipment is accessible
to the masses. As the benefits of the spaces and the maker mindset were learned, libraries and educational institutions introduced makerspaces as a service for patrons and students in support of their missions to increase intellectual growth and creativity. Makerspaces have now become ubiquitous
in the higher-education landscape; most campuses have one, if not multiple, makerspaces. An unstated goal of makerspaces is often to turn the patrons into "makers." Most university campuses have embraced the maker mindset; however, while this approach may inspire some students, many do not
participate. Even those spaces created as a catch-all way of introducing students to new technologies fail to attract large numbers of students and are not seen as equally beneficial or inviting by all students. University makerspaces have disparate origins, many created for department or
discipline-specific needs. Thus, with the university as an institution where people of vastly different backgrounds, education levels, and knowledge come together and connect with the local, scientific, and business communities, the discipline-centered approach falls short. As universities
train disciplinary specialists who can work in a broader context, their makerspaces must evolve past these limiting perspectives to better address the changing needs of the work-force and industries. The continued work and outreach of makerspaces despite the shuttering of campuses for COVID-19
may help us appreciate that facilitating, promoting, and organizing the connection of people and ideas to solve problems is as important as the physical spaces. We have witnessed makerspaces become rallying points where technology and resources, diverse skill sets and perspectives, and the
mindset of reducing ideas to practice are combined to tackle urgent problems and create impactful solutions through interdisciplinary approaches that unite education, research, community, and industry efforts. Now is the time to capture this growth in reach and responsibility in the mission
and format of the evolved makerspace.
On non-canonical degrees of freedom
Authors: Quinn Eoin
Published: March 2021

Non-canonical degrees of freedom provide one of the most promising routes towards characterising a range of important phenomena in condensed matter physics. Potential candidates include the pseudogap regime of the cuprates, heavy-fermion behaviour, and also indeed magnetically ordered systems. Nevertheless it remains an open question whether non-canonical algebras can in fact provide legitimate quantum degrees of freedom. In this paper we survey progress made on this topic, complementing distinct approaches so as to obtain a unified description. In particular we obtain a novel exact representation for a self-energy-like object for non-canonical degrees of freedom.
We further make a resummation of density correlations to obtain analogues of the RPA and GW approximations commonly employed for canonical degrees of freedom. We discuss difficulties related to generating higher-order approximations which are consistent with conservation laws, which represents an outstanding issue. We also discuss how the interplay between canonical and non-canonical degrees of freedom offers a useful paradigm for organising the phase diagram of correlated electronic behaviour.
Analysis of the Moodle Learning Management System and user comfort levels
Authors: González Jaimes Elvira Ivone , López Chau Asdrúbal
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the workflow experiences in the teaching-learning process of teachers and students enrolled in mixed (face to face /distance education) and distance education systems. The main objective is to evaluate Moodle, Learning Management System with the systematized Brief Inventory of Experiences. In this study we measure and compare the flow and comfort experiences of a population of 8140 participants, divided into two groups: 320 teachers and 7820 students. We can conclude that there is a significant difference in the p <0.05 level, in the following two variables: 1) When performing the activity, I forget about the problems and concerns and 2) I do things spontaneously and automatically. Tasks they must face in order to provide the students the appropriate tools in order to learn. In addition to this challenge, the teacher does not achieve an optimal level of comfort throughout the teaching process due the lack of positive feedback. Encouraging the teachers to guide the students to takeoff the learning and the teacher to get positive feedback. While the students receive and assimilate, the teacher gives and experiments. Because the transmission of knowledge is a function of who assimilates the legacy.
El intercambio virtual: experiencias desde instituciones en el Caribe colombiano
Authors: Lafont Castillo Tania Isabel , Echeverría King Luisa Fernanda , Álvarez Ruíz Liliana Patricia
Published: March 2021

El intercambio virtual busca generar espacios de interacción cultural, de investigación, de idiomas, entre otras modalidades entre grupos de estudiantes y docentes ubicados en diversas localidades o países.  En la educación superior se usa entre instituciones como una estrategia para el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes, así como para la construcción de comunidades de aprendizaje. Con el fin de caracterizar las acciones de intercambio virtual para estudiantes realizadas en las instituciones adscritas al Nodo Caribe de la Red Colombiana para la Internacionalización de la Educación Superior (RCI), se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, donde se encuestaron a las 26 instituciones miembro, de las cuales 24 realizan acciones de intercambio virtual. Resaltan las modalidades como el intercambio académico, pasantías de investigación, en empresas y esquemas de aprendizaje colaborativo en línea. Los países principales con los que se realizan estas actividades son México, Argentina y Perú. Existen desafíos para su implementación especialmente por la capacitación de docentes, seguimiento y monitoreo a estudiantes y sus resultados de aprendizaje. Es necesario contar con una buena infraestructura, conectividad y docentes capacitados en aspectos técnicos y pedagógicos para facilitar el éxito en la ejecución de estos intercambios, así como generar procedimientos institucionales que faciliten su implementación.
A New Synbiotic Fermented Dairy Product: Technological Production Features
Authors: Zakharova Lyudmila , Gorbunchikova Marina
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Many strains used in dairy industry are antagonists of harmful microflora. Logically, a successful combination of several cultures can enhance the bactericidal effect. The present research objective was to develop a fermented milk drink using a prebiotic to stimulate a multicomponent starter culture.

Study objects and methods. The research featured pure strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain No. 791 and Lactobacillus acidophilus (VZ-AP), as well as Bio-fi Pro WR 400 beet fiber. The study involved standard and conventional research methods.

Results and discussion. The first stage defined the optimal ratios of B. bifidum and L. acidophilus for a two-component starter culture, as well as the optimal production method and their antibiotic activity. The second stage featured the functional and technological properties of the prebiotic beet fiber and its effect on the development of microorganisms in the starter. The study resulted in the main production parameters and a technological scheme for the production of fermented dairy product.

Conclusion. The paper introduces a new technology for production of a functional fermented milk product fortified with probiotics and prebiotics, as well as approved technical documentation. The new functional fermented dairy product was based on a starter

culture that combined a liquid concentrate of B. bifidum strain No. 791 and a starter culture of L. acidophilus (VZ-AP). The optimal ratio of microbial cultures was 5:1, respectively. The starter strain proved to have a high antibiotic activity. Prebiotic beet fiber Bio-fi Pro WR 400 could be recommended as a product stabilizer at the optimal amount of 0.7% by weight of standardized milk.
Quality Control of Colostrum and Protein Calf Milk Replacers
Authors: Kharitonov Vladimir , Asafov Vladimir , Iskakova Evgeniya , Tankova Nina , Halavach Tatsiana , Kurchenko Vladimir
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Improving technologies and providing young farm animals with high-quality feed are the primary tasks for successful reproduction and maintenance of dairy cattle. The research objective was to assess the quality characteristics of colostrum and milk replacers, as well as their technological prospects.

Study objects and methods. The research featured colostrum, calf milk replacers (CMR), processing methods, and quality characteristics. The paper introduces an analysis of various sustainable processes of obtaining new CMRs.

Results and discussion. The article describes colostrum: recommended intake for young calves, qualitative characteristics, and control methods. It focuses mostly on the microbiological characteristics of colostrum, as well as on its role in developing the immune system of calves and the prospects of enzymatic regulation of its functional properties. Enzymatic regulation is based on deep proteins hydrolysates and a highly active serine protease (alcalase). The authors studied variants of using various enzyme preparations and bacterial starter cultures for obtaining hydrolyzed and fermented colostrum, analyzed the main process indicators of milk replacers with intermediate moisture content, and tested various methods for assessing the fatty acid and protein composition of concentrated milk replacers. Production methods proved to have a significant impact on the indicators in question.

Conclusion. Reproduction of the dairy herd genetic potential depends on the diet of the young farm animals, and so does the economy of agricultural production. Enzymatic processing of raw materials proved to be the most promising approach for obtaining products with improved functional properties. Deep colostrum hydrolysates can also be an important part of functional foods for children, athletes, in dietary foods, etc.
Enfoque general del paciente con eritema nudoso
Authors: Pérez-Carrillo Vanessa , Rondón-Carvajal Julián
Published: March 2021

El eritema nudoso es una reacción de hipersensibilidad cutánea consistente en nódulos eritematosos, sensibles a la palpación, que se encuentran generalmente sobre la región pretibial, aunque también pueden comprometer muslos, extremidades superiores, glúteos y rostro. La fiebre y las artralgias pueden ser manifestaciones concomitantes. Las lesiones tipo placa pueden aparecer de forma aislada o ser confluentes, evolucionando luego a nódulos dolorosos en el transcurso de varios días. Usualmente, tiene un curso agudo, aunque se han descrito presentaciones crónicas, recurrentes, poco frecuentes. La mayoría de las veces el examen microscópico de las lesiones muestra paniculitis septal sin vasculitis, siendo en ocasiones mixta (lobulillar y septal). Clásicamente, se ha considerado el heraldo de una condición sistémica subyacente (infecciosa o autoinmune) o un fenómeno reactivo tras la exposición a un tóxico o un fármaco. De allí la importancia de conocer su abordaje diagnóstico por parte del médico de atención primaria.
Quantifying groundwater fluxes from an aapa mire to a riverside esker formation
Authors: Marttila H. , Aurela M. , Büngener L. , Rossi P. M. , Lohila A. , Postila H. , Saari M. , Penttilä T. , Kløve B.
Published: March 2021

Water flows in peatland margins is an under-researched topic. This study examines recharge from a peatland to an esker aquifer in an aapa mire complex of northern Finland. Our objective was to study how the aapa mire margin is hydrogeologically connected to the riverside aquifer and spatial and temporal variations in the recharge of peatland water to groundwater (GW). Following geophysical studies and monitoring of the saturated zone, a GW model (MODFLOW) was used in combination with stable isotopes to quantify GW flow volumes and directions. Peatland water recharge to the sandy aquifer indicated a strong connection at the peatland–aquifer boundary. Recharge volumes from peatland to esker were high and rather constant (873 m3 d−1) and dominated esker recharge at the study site. The peat water recharging the esker boundary was rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Stable isotope studies on water (δ18O, δ2H, and d-excess) from GW wells verified the recharge of DOC-rich water from peatlands to mineral soil esker. Biogeochemical analysis revealed changes from DOC to dissolved inorganic carbon in the flow pathway from peatland margin to the river Kitinen. This study highlights the importance of careful investigation of aapa mire margin areas and their potential role in regional GW recharge patterns.