bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generative AI as a Tool for Developing Critical Thinking in Higher Education
Authors: Arinushkina Anna Alexandrovna , Abramov Vladimir I. , Mindzaeva Eteri V.
Published: September 2024

The research focuses on the role of generative AI in developing creative and critical skills in students and teachers in various educational contexts in the system of higher education, such as the formation of creative thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving in students and teachers. The authors demonstrate how different generative AI models, such as large language models (LLMs) and AI art generators, can be used to create new content in different areas of knowledge and support dialogue and reflection by students during creative activities. The authors emphasize the need to develop ethical principles and standards for generative AI in education and consider pedagogical goals and contexts. The authors analyzed current discussions and expert assessments in the Russian professional community regarding the use of generative AI in education. This research employs the results of studies of Russian educational organizations on the demand for AI technologies in the higher education system.
Importance of Agility and Innovation Potential in Business
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Peermohammed
Published: September 2024

Agility is the backbone of organizations that respond promptly to market changes without losing focus on their long-term visions. In this context, agility is not limited to agile product or software development methodologies but encompasses a mindset that permeates the entire organizational culture. An agile organization can quickly redirect resources and attention to areas of new opportunity, without hindering the efficiency and effectiveness of day-to-day operations while being innovative means being able to generate new ideas or products that create value for the organization. This responsiveness not only ensures short-term competitiveness, but also sets the stage for sustainable innovations. Recognizing and rewarding innovative efforts is essential for building a culture of agility and innovation. By celebrating successes and highlighting innovative achievements, organizations can inspire and motivate employees to continue pushing boundaries. The chapter focuses on different aspects of successful innovation and prevention of an agile organization.
Understanding Telehealth From an Administrator's Perspective
Authors: Gogia Shashi Bhushan
Published: September 2024

In most places and somewhat compounded in developing countries, huge gaps exist in health facilities between rural and urban areas. The cost of travel to a suitable facility with the need to take time off work for self and relatives are burdens, which have become solvable through technology. Telehealth cuts down health-related travel and can improve the organization brand and market reach. It also helps increase the total number of patients even while shortening turnaround time with better patient retention through all around comprehensive care. However, the incorporation of telehealth needs to be planned with careful micro-management and closely aligned to the overall vision and growth strategy of the organization. Knowledge of scope as well as pitfalls is important. Many such efforts have resulted in disappointing outcomes. Experience is being gained along with better understanding of the limitations.
Patient Guidance and Remote Care With AI and AR
Authors: Singh Prashant , Prasad Gaurav , Athwal Harmohinder S. , Singh Sukhdeep
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents an exploration into enhancing patient care and training through artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. By introducing an AI and AR-based bot, this innovation not only aims to transform medical training for professionals but also seeks to revolutionize patient experiences with in-campus navigation and remote ward management. The bot leverages natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning for personalized instruction and utilizes AR for immersive simulations and real-world interactions. The bot integrates with TV displays to present a digital human avatar for interactive learning and patient guidance. Additionally, it facilitates in-campus navigation, aiding patients in efficiently accessing healthcare facilities and services, and builds on the concept of remote care for improved patient monitoring and care. This chapter will discuss the development, benefits, and potential of these technologies to significantly enhance learning outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
Anisotropy of Composite Shearing Strength in the Mechanical Joints
Authors: Dveirin Oleksandr , Nabokina Tetyana , Kivirenko Oleg , Kondratiev Andrii , Kuleba Olena
Published: September 2024

Studying of the strength characteristics of polymer composite materials, which are used in the structures for various applications, is an important subject for research. Here one of the major issues is the development of fastening techniques to maximize the strength characteristics of composite fibers. Based on the modification of the available test methods, a set of specimens and devices has been developed to determine the shearing (cut) strength from the fastener hole to the edge of the composite part. For this purpose, we used the modified specimen sequentially shearing along the contour after each test cycle in order to find the required parameter depending on the distance from the fastener to the part edge. According to the result of experimental studies, possible types of shearing test and shear test failures were identified. It is demonstrated that shearing strength and shear strength in the specimen plane are different characteristics with no correlation between them. It is found that a shearing in the classic sense is observed only for high-anisotropy structures when they are loaded in the more rigid direction, whereas the complex modes of failure occur for the heavily reinforced composites used. For example, during testing a pure shearing was observed in 0° planes in the specimens with the package structure of [0°0.7; ±45°0.2; 90°0.1], while it was observed both for the holes drilled in 0° and 22.5° directions in the specimen with the structure of [0°0.8; ±45°0.2]. We obtained the quadratic engineering dependence to predict shearing strength of the heavily reinforced basic composite. Based on processing of the experimental results, a recommendation has been made on the need for constant experimental support of the design process, which can be implemented by the proposed specimen and testing device.
Numerical Study of Ballistic Performance in Level III SiC Ceramic Multilayered UHMWPE Ballistic Plates
Authors: Calma Christianne A. , Cruz Emmanuel O. , Bonete Raymart I. , Magdaluyo Jr. Eduardo M.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the ballistic resistance of composite plates composed of a silicon carbide (SiC) strike face and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) layers against 7.62 mm NATO caliber projectiles using Ansys Explicit Dynamics. Five ballistic plate samples were numerically modeled, featuring 40 to 60 UHMWPE layers and a 4 mm SiC strike face. The simulation assessed the plates' response, including backface signature, bullet penetration depth, absorbed kinetic energy, and deformation mechanisms. The findings revealed that increasing the UHMWPE thickness reduces both the backface signature and bullet penetration depth. Plates with 50 to 60 layers of UHMWPE met level III NIJ standards, demonstrating lower backface signatures and bullet penetration compared to those with 40 or 45 layers. Thicker UHMWPE layers were associated with reduced deformation, with the plate featuring 60 layers of UHMWPE and an overall thickness of 25 mm emerging as the optimal configuration for level III ballistic protection.
Development of Polyamide-Modified Membranes for Solar-Driven Seawater Desalination System
Authors: Banabatac Lorenz Inri , Tan Noel Peter
Published: September 2024

In response to the escalating global water crisis, this study introduces the development of polyamide-modified membranes (PA-PES, PA-PP, and PA-PTFE) through interfacial polymerization to enhance the efficiency of a passive solar desalination system. FTIR analysis and morphological characterization showed that a thin polyamide film formed above the modified membranes using m-phenylene diamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Notable improvements were observed in its productivity and distillate salinity by integrating these modified membranes into the membrane distiller of the system. Mainly, the PA-PES membrane achieved productivity of 764.56 ml/m2-h and reduced salinity to as low as 2 g NaCl/L. Despite challenges in salinity reduction, possibly due to residual chlorides, this study demonstrates the potential of polyamide-modified membranes in advancing solar-driven desalination, offering a promising solution to mitigate global water scarcity. This research paves the way for further advancements in sustainable desalination technology, emphasizing the need for continued optimization and exploration of membrane-based systems.
A Modelling Framework for Rapid Evaluation of Speed Limitations during Extrusion of Aluminium Profiles
Authors: Iddberg Mads , Myhr Ole Runar , Nesse Anders , Furu Trond
Published: September 2024

Hot tearing is a well-known limitation when trying to maximize the throughput rate in aluminium extrusion. In the present work an analytical modelling framework is presented which can be used to predict the maximum extrusion speed that can be applied in production without formation of this type of surface defect. The modelling framework allows almost instantaneous estimates on the resulting productivity in terms of maximum extrusion speed. This is obtained by developing an analytical model for the maximum temperature at the die exit which incorporate the effect of alloy composition and billet processing. The results are consolidated into extrusion limit diagrams, mapping the maximum allowable extrusion speed as a function of billet pre-heat temperature, alloy composition, and homogenisation heat treatment. The calculated temperatures and extrusion limit diagrams obtained from the analytical model are compared with measured temperatures and critical extrusion speeds from extrusion tests of various 6xxx series alloys for a simple rod-shaped geometry. The comparisons indicate that the presented modelling approach gives sufficiently accurate predictions for future application in optimisation of alloy composition and process parameters in extrusion of profiles.
Extrusion Benchmark 2023: Effect of Die Design on Profile Speed, Seam Weld Quality and Microstructure of Hollow Tubes
Authors: Pelaccia Riccardo , Negozio Marco , Di Donato Sara , Reggiani Barbara , Donati Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

The Extrusion Benchmark 2023 was focused on the evaluation of different die design strategies for the manufacturing of AA6082 hollow tubes (40 mm external diameter and 4 mm thickness) through a porthole die with 3 openings. The extrusion process was monitored in industrial environment in terms of press load, profiles speed, profiles exit temperature, and die temperatures under different processing conditions (air quenching, water quenching, nitrogen die cooling). Extruded profiles were then analyzed in terms of seam weld quality, charge weld extension and microstructure evolution for both air/water quench and presence/absence of nitrogen cooling. The results of the study are aimed at validating FEM simulation outputs in the context of the International Conference on Extrusion and Benchmark (ICEB).
Method of Investigation of Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals at the Sites of Explosions
Authors: Didovets Yurii , Koloskov Volodymyr , Bandurian Boris , Koloskova Hanna
Published: September 2024

The study evaluates the method of investigation of soil contamination with heavy metals at the sites of explosions. Results of method application were obtained. Soil samples were collected in location selected as the typical place were explosions take place for explosive objects destruction. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil samples, the "KBr tablets" method was used. Obtained pellets were investigated with spectral-analytical installation created on the basis of infrared-spectrometer IKS-21 and thermal imager LAND-814. IR spectrometric research was carried out in the most informative spectral range of wavelengths of 7.5...14 μm. Proposed method of investigation of soil contamination with heavy metals at the sites of explosions allowed to identify presence of such metals as Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn in soil samples of explosion site. Mg, Ni and Zn show stable presence in the soil of explosion site with low amount. Al, Cu and Fe we have seen sharp decrease of logarithmic transmittance value at the depth of 10…15 cm which means that these elements are accumulated at these depths of soil after explosions.
Electrochemical Production of Tungsten Oxides from Wc-Co Carbide-Type Pseudo-Alloy Waste
Authors: Lyashok Larisa , Tulskiy Gennadiy , Vasilchenko Alexey , Doronin Evgeny
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical research is devoted to the development of a method of processing secondary raw materials containing tungsten in the form of a pseudoalloy of the carbide type WC–Co in sulfate solutions. The target processing products are: powders of tungsten oxides of lower oxidation states, which can be reduced to metallic tungsten with lower costs. Using the methods of linear and cyclic voltammetry, it was established that the selective dissolution of the cobalt component of the pseudoalloy in the studied solutions occurs at potentials more positive than 0.2 V, carbon is removed from the working electrode at a potential > 0.8 V. At the same time, tungsten is oxidized to the higher oxide WO3. It was determined that in sulfuric acid, with an increase in its concentration from 1 to 5 mol∙dm-3, the current density decreases, which is associated with the formation of a solid surface layer of tungsten oxide on the surface of the anode, which passivates the surface. It was established experimentally that when adding 1 mol∙dm-3 of H2SO4 hexamine (C6H12N4) with a concentration of 0.9 mol∙dm-3 to a solution, it is possible to block the process of formation of a passivating film and obtain powders of tungsten oxides of lower oxidation states.
Enhancement of Dielectric Properties and Energy Storage Density in PVDF-Based and Graphene-Nanoplatelets
Authors: Chaipo Suphita , Putson Chatchai
Published: September 2024

The heterostructure of composite films filled with conductive fillers can improve the interfacial polarization, which is one of the keywords to enhance the dielectric and ferroelectric properties. In this study, a composite films were created by combining Polyvinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene. (PVDF-TrFE-CTFE), Graphene-nanoplatelets (GPN) and Polyvinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), using the tape casting solution method. The heterostructure of the composite film improved the interfacial polarization, resulting in increased dielectric constant with terpolymer loading and GPN addition. The filled GPN1% film showed a dielectric constant of 21.5 and 13.6 at 100/0 and 70/30, respectively, compared to 17.9 and 11.8 for the 2-phase composite films. Additionally, the terpolymer and GPN loading induced the maximum polarization (Pmax) and changed the PE-loop (hysteresis loop) behavior. The high performance of the PVDF-TrFE-CTFE and GPN composite films in terms of their dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC conductivity, and polarization performances make them promising materials for electric-capacitor and energy storage applications.
Simulation of Quench Rate by Jominy End Quench Test for 6082 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Gümüşsoy Aleyna , Gülbaba Onur , Kaya Işık , Özdoğru Emrah Fahri
Published: September 2024

In the present study, it is aimed to investigate the influence of quench rate on the hardness and electrical conductivity that obtained after artificial aging by using Jominy End Quench test method. The Jominy End Quench test bars were solution heat treated at 560°C for 3 hours. After solution heat treatment, water, spray, and air quenching medias were used in order to obtain different quench rates. After the quench, quench rate determination, hardness and electrical conductivity measurements were performed for three different quenching medias. Then, artificial aging heat treatment were applied to all samples at 180°C for 8 hours to understand the effect of quench rate on aging process. The relationship between quench rate, hardness and electrical conductivity have presented.
Prediction of Stress Relaxation Behavior of Polymer Foam Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Aengchuan Prasert , Boonpuek Perawat , Klinsuk Jintapha
Published: September 2024

Stress relaxation is one of the methods used to characterize polymer foam materials. Stress relaxation data are valuable and provide important information, as they can prevent failure or unsafe usage of these materials under different loads. The aim of this study is to introduce the artificial neural network (ANN) technique for predicting the stress relaxation of polymer foam over time. The neural network model was constructed with relaxation time, stress, and strain as input parameters, and normalized stress relaxation as the output. The results demonstrate that the ANN model achieved highly accurate predictions for stress.
The elderly in the Venafrana reality. Results of a survey
Authors: Bucci Sabina
Published: September 2024

The problem of the condition of the elderly has increasingly come to the attention first of scholars, then of politicians, to the point of becoming the dominant topic of national and international conferences, discussions, round tables, etc., but unfortunately remaining on a theoretical level and not descending, if not rarely, to the practical level of concreteness and operativeness.
Solitary plasmacytoma: An unusual dural-based lesion - A case report
Authors: Arévalo-Sáenz Alejandra A , Rascón-Ramírez Fernando J , Ferrández Borja Pujante , Sánchez Manuel Pedrosa
Published: September 2024

Solitary intradural plasmacytomas are extremely rare. We present a case of a patient with headache and diagnosis of meningiomatosis. Onset symptoms were abrupt neurological deterioration and paraparesis. The patient underwent surgery by craniotomy and tumor resection, with final pathological findings of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma without evidence of multiple myeloma. Of note is the great similarity of this infrequent pathology with meningiomas and the need to differentiate it from the dural involvement of multiple myeloma. Treatment always includes tumor resection surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial arterial supply: A narrative review
Authors: Su Xin , Ma Yongjie , Song Zihao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Hongqi
Published: September 2024

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a relatively complex intracranial condition, and its clinical presentation and treatment strategies often vary significantly due to various factors. Although the cure rate of intracranial DAVF is currently high, there is still a lack of understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. There is ongoing controversy regarding the treatment strategies for DAVF associated with the pial arteries, and there is a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. The author conducted a brief literature review on DAVF with pial arterial supply and presented some treatment experiences from their own medical center. Large-scale retrospective cohort studies and prospective research in future are expected to address these issues.
Elettaria cardamomum extract counteracts cardio-hematological and immunological alterations of Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Mostafa Asmaa A. , EL-Sahra Doaa G. , Ashry Mahmoud , Elqattan Ghada M. , Hassan Laila K. , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G.
Published: September 2024

Background and objective

As Elettaria cardamomum possesses wide phytochemical and biological activities; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ameliorating efficiency of Elettaria
cardamomum ethanolic extract (ECEE) in Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Materials and methods

Male rats (150–180 g) were arranged into four groups (8 rats/group) as: (1) normal rats act as control, (2) normal rats daily ingested with ECEE (100 mg/kg, dissolved in water) four 28 days, (3) rats cardio-intoxicated intraperitoneally with Doxorubicin (DOX) at a dose 2.5 mg/kg on alternate days for 14 days and (4) cardio-intoxicated rats treated orally with ECEE for 28 days.

Results and conclusion

After 28 days of treatment, the results revealed that ECEE restored the cardiological, hematological, and immunological deteriorations induced by Doxorubicin; this was evidenced by the significant reduction of serum aminotransaminases (ALAT and ASAT), lactate dehydrogenase, creatin kinase MB, total cholesterol, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells as well as cardiac malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels and cardiac DNA-fragmentation coupled with marked improvement in cardiac reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Hematological indices and hemoglobin derivatives were markedly restored. Moreover, the ECEE induced prominent cardio-histological regeneration. In conclusion, ECEE possessed anti-cardio-hematotoxicities exhibition that could be performed through the radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics of its active constituent’s especially high phenolic content, reflecting the promising potency of ECEE as cardio protective supplement.
Humphrey visual field made easy for residents
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum
Published: September 2024

Background:

Visual field testing is an indispensable part of the assessment of glaucoma. Of paramount importance to both the practitioner and the perimetrist is the guidance on how to conduct the test to get the best results and also the interpretation of test results.

Purpose:

To simplify the basics of understanding single-field analysis of visual field tests by using the Humphrey perimeter.

Synopsis:

The general principle and a brief overview of how the Humphrey visual field is conducted and the approach to interpreting the results of single field analysis in an easy-to-understand manner are presented.

Highlights:

This educational video is an attempt to simplify the interpretation of Humphrey visual field single-field analysis with illustrations and video clips that would be useful to practicing ophthalmologists and optometrists and in training programs.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/x8iZLDR4XdY.
Analysis of anthropometric measurements taken from the periocular region in healthy young individuals with different somatotypes
Authors: Karaketir Sıdıka , Şencan Demet , Çolakoğlu Serdar , Şenol Deniz
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Anthropometric parameters related with the periocular region (PR) have gained great importance with the optical technology used in the treatment of eye defects. They have also become important parameters that determine the limits of treatment in aesthetic surgery procedures in PR and the treatment of orbital diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of PR measurements with somatotype.

Methods:

Somatotypes were determined by using the Heath-Carter method. Ten indirect anthropometric measurements, namely nasal root (mf-mf), outer chantal distance (ex-ex), inner chantal distance (en-en), interpupillary distance (p-p), right and left palpebral fissure width (ex-en), palpebral fissure height (ps-pi), and orbital height (os-oi), were taken from PR with Image J program. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare data with each other. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was used to find out which group caused statistically significant differences according to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was found between some indirect anthropometric measurements taken from PR and somatotypes (P < 0,05). This difference was found to result from central group somatotype, in which no somatotype component has different effects from another one, for both genders. In almost all of the indirect anthropometric measurements, it was found that balanced ectomorph somatotypes reached the highest median values, while central group somatotypes had the lowest median values.

Conclusion:

As a result of this study, somatotype affects the appearance of PR. It will be possible to obtain more accurate and reliable results in aesthetic surgery interventions and identification studies. Our study is the first and a pioneer in its field in the literature. It will inspire and guide future researchers, surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic doctors who will work in this field.
Temporal Bone Dissection Course: Assessing Otorhinolaryngological Residents Skills in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Adoga A. S , Salisu A. D , Turaki I , Nuhu D. M , Okonta N.F , Bulus N.G , Aghwe J.E , Unogwu S. O , Kabilis L. C , Briggs S. R , Enjugu E. J , Obebe F , Sani D , Usman B , Ekhosuehi H. O , Kopdimma B , Oyinloye I. F , Green J. D , Anthis J , Abubakar B. J , Auwal B. K , Babangida S. M , Abdulhameed A , Emeka O , Edokwe C. S , Abubakar M. G , Abdullahi A. G , Hussein A
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Temporal bone dissection is an acceptable method of developing the necessary skills required to successfully carry out surgical procedures on the temporal bones. It is the gold standard for the acquisition of otological/neuro-otological skills among otorhinolaryngological residents training globally. Very few graduate schools in Nigeria have the facilities and expertise to train graduate doctors in temporal bone dissection. The West African College of Surgeons Faculty of Otorhinolaryngology collaborated with Jos University Teaching Hospital in conjunction with Professor Jack Van Doren Hough Temporal Bone Dissection Laboratory to provide this temporal bone dissection course.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to develop the basic skills and dexterity necessary for otological/neuro-otological surgeries through temporal bone dissection.

Participants and Methods:

Twenty-three course participants who are trainees with the West African College of Surgeons Otorhinolaryngology Specialties registered for this course, out of which all of the 23 participants presented for the course from various teaching hospitals across the country.

Results:

Fourteen participants (60.9%) had no prior experience with temporal bone dissection, while 9 (39.1) had previous dissection experience. Twelve participants (52.2%) successfully mounted their temporal bones on the House–Urban temporal bone holder with two attempts, 5 (21.7%) mounted it on the 1st and 3rd attempts, respectively, while 1 (4.3%) mounted it on the 4th attempt.

Conclusion:

Temporal bone dissection with standard equipment in a setting akin to the operating room helps otorhinolaryngology residents to learn the anatomy of the temporal bone.
Otitic Hydrocephalus: Case Report on a Rare Complication of Chronic Otitis Media with Emphasis on Management
Authors: Chakravarty Sharmistha , Rana Sohel , Gandhoke Charandeep Singh
Published: September 2024

Otitic hydrocephalus is a rare complication of chronic otitis media (COM) and presents as a form of benign intracranial hypertension with dural venous sinus thrombosis. It presents with features of raised intracranial pressure in the absence of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows normal cytology and biochemical picture. We present a rare case of otitic hydrocephalus in a young male who presented with an 8-year history of left ear discharge and a 2-week history of drowsiness, lethargy, progressively worsening headache, fever, blurring of vision, and imbalance. His cerebellar signs were positive, and the fundus examination detected papilledema. Imaging revealed left-sided cerebellar abscess with mastoiditis, compression of the left ventricle, and lateral and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Lumbar puncture showed raised CSF opening pressure. The diagnosis of COM squamosal with cerebellar abscess and otitic hydrocephalus was made. Urgent ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed, followed by cerebellar abscess drainage and mastoid exploration. Modified radical mastoidectomy of the left ear was done with cartilage ossiculoplasty to preserve residual hearing in the patient. High index of suspicion is required in otitic hydrocephalus, where ear symptoms are masked by raised intracranial pressure symptoms. The placement of shunt to tackle raised CSF pressure preceded surgical intervention. Modified radical mastoidectomy with ossiculoplasty was performed to preserve residual hearing in this case. Prompt intervention by multidisciplinary team can reduce morbidity in these patients.
What is the Optimal Treatment Protocol for Traumatic Popliteal Artery Injury? A Comparative Study between Two Institutions
Authors: Mitsuzawa Sadaki , Yamashita Shinnosuke , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hisataka , Ota Satoshi , Onishi Eijiro , Kusakabe Kenji , Nakao Shota , Matsuoka Tetsuya , Yasuda Tadashi
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

While rare, popliteal artery injury is a potentially devastating complication of knee trauma. Delayed diagnosis or inadequate management of popliteal artery injury can result in limb ischemia, amputation, and long-term disability. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of popliteal artery injury between different medical centers and to reconsider the optimal protocol at our institution.

Methods:

Medical records of patients sustaining traumatic popliteal artery injury from 2011 to 2022 at two institutions (one hospital: Group A; the other hospital: Group B) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, radiological assessment, time course and content of initial treatment, clinical outcomes, and follow-up period were recorded.

Results:

Group A included seven patients (dislocations, n = 3; fractures, n = 2; and glass penetration injuries, n = 2), with a mean follow-up period of 39 months. Group B included five patients (dislocations, n = 3 and fractures, n = 2), with a mean follow-up period of 36 months. Two patients in Group A and four patients in Group B exhibited contrast-medium resumption (average deficit: 57 mm and 60 mm, respectively). The time from injury to reperfusion was significantly shorter in Group A than in Group B (300 min vs. 749 min, P < 0.05). Group A underwent four temporary vascular shunting procedures, four external fixations, six fasciotomies, and five bypass grafting procedures. In Group B, temporary vascular shunt (TVS) was not used in any patient; however, three, two, and three patients underwent external fixation, fasciotomy, and bypass grafting, respectively. One patient in each group required above-the-knee amputation. The mean Lysholm score was 80.4 points in Group A and 72.0 points in Group B.

Conclusions:

TVS considerably reduces the reperfusion time. Various options for the content and sequence of treatment must be carefully considered in advance. Early diagnosis, prompt intervention, and comprehensive management can improve the quality of care and patient outcomes.
Influence of Interleukin Polymorphisms on the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sekar Praveen Kumar Chandra , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Interleukin (IL) genes are essential for regulating the immune and inflammatory processes. Epidemiological studies suggest that polymorphisms in IL genes are associated with a higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the association between RPL risk and IL gene polymorphisms.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant studies published until May 30, 2024. A total of 58 studies involving 13,696 participants (both RPL cases and controls) were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, as appropriate, with ReviewManager version 5.4, Cochrane RoB Tool 2 and G*Power 3.1 software.

Results:

The meta-analysis revealed significant correlations between RPL risk and genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A), with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Ethnic subgroup analysis showed that IL-1β (-511T > C) and IL-10 (-592 C > A) variations were strongly associated with RPL risk in Asian populations.

Interpretation:

Our research suggests that genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A) are associated with susceptibility to RPL.

Limitation:

Our meta-analysis concentrated exclusively on single-factor studies and did not consider potential confounding variables such as age, environmental influences and lifestyle, which could affect susceptibility to RPL. In addition, the lack of individual raw data prevented us from investigating gene–environment and gene–gene interactions or the influence of other polymorphisms and cytokines in our analysis.

Protocol Registration:

http://www.osf.io/qhbva.
First Childbirth after Fertility Preservation and Gender Reassigning Surgery from Indian Transgender Community
Authors: Varghese Jisha , Khan M H Azif , Sukumar Suja
Published: September 2024

Fertility preservation (FP) is critical for those members of the transgender community who desire biological offspring in the future. As gender-affirming hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgeries (GASs) negatively affect future fertility potential, awareness amongst care providers and the transgender population regarding FP and family-building options is the need of the hour. As the first case of childbirth after transgender FP and GAS in India, this will be a beacon of hope for transgender family-building options in India.
Bacteriological assessment of the indoor air quality of the lecture rooms in the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria
Authors: Osaghae Magdalene A. , Williams Osaro J. , Ogbe Babatunde E. , Obasuyi Cedric , Oshoma Cyprian E.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To assess the bacteria load of lecture rooms in the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods:

Air sampling using settle plate method in lecture rooms was carried out for two months. The temperature and relative humidity of the sampled areas were determined while the bacteriological analyses were carried out using the standard microbiological methods. Virulent factors and antibiotics susceptibility profile of the isolates were analyzed.

Results:

The lecture room with the highest bacterial, coliform and Staphylococci count was plant biology and biotechnology lecture room with values 4.84 ± 0.82 × 103, 4.30 ± 0.51 × 103 and 3.52 ± 0.89 × 103cfu/m3, respectively, in the two months dectected. The identified bacterial isolates were Lactobacillus delbrucckii, Aeromonas (A.) hydrophilia, Enterobacter intermedius, Serratia liquefacias, Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus luteus, Acineobacter baumanii, Lactobacillus fermenti, Serratia marcescens, A. veronii., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp. The isolate with the highest frequency of occurrence was Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial isolates with the highest virulence factors of 100 % was A. veronii. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that all Gram-negative bacterial isolates were susceptible to Sparfloxacin antibiotic. Isolate with the highest multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.6 was Acineobacter baumanii.

Conclusions:

To maintain air quality, constant monitoring of parameters like temperature and humidity that promote the presence organisms in the air, reducing the number of occupants, ensuring a well-functioning ventilation system, and implementing regular cleaning routines should be practiced.
Prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers in a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garcia Roxanne Endozo , Luna Jericho Thaddeus P.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common perinatal psychiatric disorder and women are at greatest risk of developing this during their first postpartum year. Extraneous factors and events indirectly related to maternity like the quarantine measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic can add to the already burdensome mental effects of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of and possible risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Filipino (EPDS-F) in a tertiary government hospital.

METHODOLOGY:

This is a cross-sectional study involving patients 18 years of age and above who delivered vaginally or through cesarean section to a live or dead fetus more than 20 weeks age of gestation and more than 500 g, preterm or term during the pandemic. Patients included were those who tested positive for COVID-19 infection who delivered 48 h up to 8 weeks postpartum. All the patients who consented and fulfilled the inclusion criteria answered the EPDS-F questionnaire to determine the prevalence rate of PPD. A score of 13 or greater suggests the presence of major depressive symptoms.

RESULTS:

There was a total of 61 postpartum patients who were delivered in a tertiary hospital from September 2022 to October 2022. Out of 61 patients, 20 scored 13 points and above in the EPDS-F questionnaire showing a PPD prevalence of 32.8%. Patient’s age showed a statistically significant association with the likelihood of having PPD (P = 0.0148), the highest prevalence observed at an average age of 25 and a lower prevalence at 29 years old.

CONCLUSION:

Although age seems to have a significant association with PPD, direct causality is difficult to establish as the likelihood of having PPD depends on the mother’s personal qualities and traits, the societal background, and her coping mechanisms during an extraordinary circumstance such as this global COVID-19 pandemic.
A survey of the quality of life during perimenopause in Filipino women: A community-based study in Paete, Laguna
Authors: Opulencia-Banayo Romina Jo , Habana Maria Antonia E.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to determine the prevalence of menopausal symptoms among Filipino perimenopausal women aged 43–48 years in a rural community setting.

METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a rural community. A self-administered, validated Women’s Health Questionnaire, Filipino version, was given to 232 women aged 43–48 years. Data were analyzed using STATA 16.1/IC.

RESULTS:

Nearly 32% of respondents reported a negative impact of symptoms on their quality of life (QOL). The highest was seen in the physical/somatic (PS) domain followed by the vasomotor/menstrual and emotional/anxiety domains. Overall, majority of the scores reflect a good QOL.

CONCLUSION:

Filipino women in the rural community remain to have good QOL despite experiencing menopausal symptoms. A minority experience symptoms that negatively influence their QOL and most of these were in the physical/somatic domain. Education regarding awareness, treatment options, and expectations during perimenopause is important. Timely intervention can continue to improve the QOL of these women.
Urogenital health and intimate hygiene practices among Filipino women of all ages: Key issues and insights
Authors: Graziottin Alessandra , Bravo Sybil Lizanne R. , Capitulo Ryan B. , Soriano-Estrella Agnes L. , Nazal Mariles H.
Published: September 2024

Routine intimate hygiene care has a major contribution in maintaining overall urogenital and perineal health in women. However, Filipino women continue to experience a major surge in vulvar and vaginal symptoms across all age groups, in a context of major changes in lifestyles and risk factors impacting their genital health. Personal beliefs, preferences, apprehensions to discuss intimate topics with health-care practitioners (HCPs), availability of cleansing products in the market, and their affordability prevent many women from discussing the role of intimate hygiene care with their HCPs. Communication difficulties and lack of robust evidence, supporting optimal hygiene recommendations are some of the challenges experienced by HCPs. Through this review, the authors discuss the following factors: (i) Differing physiological needs and pathological effects that result from changing dynamics of microflora in the vulvar, perineal, and vaginal region across all age groups of women, (ii) Importance of focusing on perianal and perineal hygiene, and bowel habits, to improve the quality of vulvar hygiene and genital health, (iii) Designing approaches for HCPs to maintain genital health in the light of intimate hygiene, (iv) Recommending improvements in HCP-patient communications to help HCPs dispel the misconceptions pertaining to intimate hygiene practices, and (v) Highlighting the antimicrobial efficacy of feminine hygiene cleansers that preserve the natural microbiome and help maintain the vaginal pH within the normal range. These strategies can fill the knowledge gaps among HCPs, women, and their caregivers’ perspectives and help achieve optimal intimate hygiene.
Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type: A report of two cases and review of related literature
Authors: Pagayao Almaira S. , Luna Jericho Thaddeus P.
Published: September 2024

Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), is a rare and aggressive type of ovarian cancer. It generally presents in younger patients, is diagnosed at an advanced stage, and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Due to its rarity and morphologic similarity to more common ovarian tumors, diagnosis may be a challenge. A high index of suspicion followed by appropriate immunohistochemistry stains performed by an expert pathologist is essential to diagnosis. Two cases of SCCOHT are presented: 21 years old with rapidly progressive Stage IIIA1i disease who underwent surgery and succumbed to the illness after 3 months before adjuvant treatment could be given, and a 49 years old with Stage IIIB disease with tumor progression who is on adjuvant chemotherapy and apparently well, 21 months after her first symptoms appeared. Related literature is presented and compared to the features of the index cases. Diagnosis and treatment options are also discussed briefly.
Successful use of hemoperfusion in a pregnant woman with COVID-19 critical infection
Authors: Castillo Jean Michael Losaria , Bustamante Lara Marie David , de la Vega Bianca King
Published: September 2024

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although not well established, COVID-19 infection carries a great effect on pregnant patients with increased severity compared to the nonpregnant population. Cytokine storm is a severe immune reaction and is one of the pathogeneses of COVID-19 infection. Studies have shown the benefit of hemoperfusion in managing cytokine storm, but the use in the pregnant population remains limited. We report the case of a 41-year-old pregnant woman at 25 weeks and 5 days age of gestation infected with COVID-19 presenting with difficulty of breathing and desaturation and then underwent hemoperfusion which improved her clinical condition.
Age matters: Demographic insights into polycystic ovarian syndrome across generations
Authors: Mohapatra Ipsita , Samantaray Subha Ranjan
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to delve into demographic insights of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients, examining its prevalence, symptoms, and impacts across generations.

METHODS:

The study population included all the women in the age group between 15 and 45 years who were diagnosed as having PCOS using the Rotterdam definition. The participants were divided into three groups according to their age. Obstetric index and clinical features of hyperandrogenism (HA) were collected in a structured format. Anthropometric variables and biochemical investigations were performed. Categorical data were presented as percentages (%). Normally distributed data were presented as means and standard deviation (SD) or 95% confidence interval. Bivariate analysis (Chi-squared test) was done for studying the association between selected sociodemographic and other variables.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the study population was 26.8 with the minimum age being 15 years; maximum age was 42 years, and SD was 6.102. There was a significant difference in the weight of the patients across the three age groups. HA was more common in the above 30-year age category. However, ovulatory dysfunction was more common in the 21–30 age category. Menstrual irregularity was more commonly present in the below 21-year age category and was the most common complaint among all the age categories. The maximum serum fasting insulin and fasting glucose values among the above 30-year age group were 14.786 ± 7.06 and 102.96 ± 22.95, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three age categories. Maximum 2-h oral glucose tolerance test value was also in the above 30-year age category (130.073 ± 15.78).

CONCLUSION:

Menstrual irregularity was more common among the younger (<21 years) patients, whereas hyperandrogenic features were more commonly present in the above 30-year age group patients.
The association of endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure, sociodemographic factors, and polycystic ovarian syndrome among reproductive-aged nonpregnant women at the Philippine General Hospital: A case–control study
Authors: Llamas-Clark Erlidia Flores , Medina John Robert Carabeo , Villanueva-Uy Maria Esterlita Tagle , Heralde Francisco M. , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay Samadan , Rosell-Ubial Paulyn Jean Buenaflor , Velarde Michael C.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive disturbances including insulin resistance, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, and is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of PCOS is unclear and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in everyday products may play a role by disrupting hormonal pathways.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the association between exposure to EDC-containing products, sociodemographic factors, and PCOS diagnosis among nonpregnant reproductive-aged women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A survey assessed the frequency of EDC exposure in homes and workplaces. The Rotterdam Criteria were used for the diagnosis of PCO features with clinical history and ultrasound. The association between PCOS and EDC exposure was determined using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

The study identified significant sociodemographic factors associated with PCOS (P < 0.001) including age, civil status, and household income. Increased likelihood of PCOS was linked to frequent use of scented candles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07), cleaning sprays (OR = 2.28), and floor polish (OR = 2.07), exposure to new upholstered furniture (OR = 4.00), thermal receipts (OR = 2.16), and consumption of microwaved and processed foods (OR = 2.60), as well as water sourced from wells (OR = 7.69). Additional associations were found with access to public markets (OR = 0.26) and the use of paper food wrappers (OR = 1.72).

CONCLUSION:

These findings suggest that frequent exposure to EDC-containing products and certain sociodemographic factors may contribute to the development of PCOS among women of reproductive age. Results underscore the importance of reducing exposure to EDCs to prevent or mitigate the development of PCOS and other reproductive consequences.