bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zambrano en «La Vanguardia». Rescate y edición de un artículo olvidado de la guerra civil
Authors: Martin Cabrero Francisco
Published: February 2024

Rescate y edición del primero de los artículos publicados por María Zambrano en el diario La Vanguardia de Barcelona: «Victoria y derrota» (25 de diciembre de 1937). El trabajo se compone de tres partes: la primera da cuenta de las dificultades del rescate editorial y del misterio de su publicación. La segunda contextualiza el artículo en la guerra civil, más en concreto en la primera fase de una de sus batallas más decisivas, la de Teruel. En la tercera parte se lleva a cabo un análisis del artículo, mostrando a su vez el nexo y la raíz común entre la búsqueda de una nueva razón y la indagación sobre el ser del pueblo español, motivos ambos representativos del pensamiento zambraniano de los años de la guerra civil española.
El ego cartesiano como reducto de la negación
Authors: Morales Guerrero Julio Armando
Published: February 2024

En la obra de Descartes se verifica que la razón construye la realidad por  vía de negación, limitando lo indeterminado e infinito desde la finitud; reduciendo gra dualmente lo complicado y oscuro a lo simple. Al desplegar las consecuencias del prin cipio lógico de identidad que rige al entendimiento, el valor del infinito que desde la  Antigüedad griega fue negativo pasa a ser positivo. El problema del infinito aflora ante la soledad del cogito, surgida en el itinerario que en uso de la libertad trazan las Medi taciones acerca de la filosofía primera. De este modo, tiene lugar una convergencia de  la filosofía especulativa y la filosofía práctica, ya que para Descartes el error deja de  ser un acto del entendimiento solo y pasa a involucrar a la libertad. El error lógico que  constituye la autorreferencia, según lo explica Bertrand Russell, trata de ser evitado por  Descartes con el recurso al dios infinito en un plano ontológico distinto del que ocupa  el Ser en la tradición metafísica que viene de la Antigüedad.
L’exercici de la ment oberta
Authors: Oms Sergi
Published: February 2024

Aquest article explora les propostes més rellevants al voltant de la noció de ment oberta presents en la filosofia contemporània. Després d’un petit recorregut his tòric, el qual permet establir alguns dels components bàsics de la noció de ment oberta,  l’article presenta el context teòric actual de la discussió: l’epistemologia de virtuts. Es  distingeixen dos tipus de teories de la ment oberta i es donen raons per centrar-se en un  d’ells, del qual se’n presenten críticament els tres casos més rellevants en la discussió actual. L’article presenta una discussió de quins són els reptes més rellevants als quals  les teories de la ment oberta s’han d’enfrontar i n’extreu algunes conclusions que tenen a veure, sobretot, amb les interrelacions que es donen entre les virtuts epistèmiques i la  noció de saviesa. L’article acaba amb dos apunts al voltant de la relació entre l’exercici  de la ment oberta i l’educació, els quals s’analitzen a la llum de la discussió anterior:  el primer, gira al voltant de la possibilitat d’ensenyar l’exercici de la ment oberta i, el segon, reflexiona sobre la compatibilitat d’aquest exercici amb l’educació.
Los caracteres morales de los personajes de «The Red and the Green» de Iris Murdoch
Authors: Etxeberria Jonas , Sáez Guillermo , Reüll Èric , Geira Víctor , Blasi Laia , Mauri Margarita
Published: February 2024

-
Showcasing the Chilean Cogni-Action Project: Connections between physical, cognitive and socioeconomic factors in a large sample of schoolchildren
Authors: Doherty Anya , Martinez-Flores Ricardo , Espinoza-Puelles Juan Pablo , Peña-Jorquera Humberto , Cristi-Montero Carlos
Published: February 2024

Global concern has deepened in recent decades over alarming rates of obesity, sedentarism, insufficient physical activity and fitness levels, and unhealthy eating habits in children and adolescents. Parallelly, we have witnessed increased poverty and socioeconomic vulnerability worldwide. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between physical and cognitive health is crucial, and mounting evidence suggests a significant association. However, over 80% of existing data originate from high-income countries, representing a negligible fraction of the world's children. UNICEF projections indicate that by 2030, low- and low-middle-income countries will be home to approximately 63% of the global child and adolescent population. This highlights a substantial knowledge gap which the Cogni-Action Project, conducted in Chile, helps to address. Notably, Chile faces significant challenges, with child overweight-obesity rates reaching 54%, ranking highest in sedentarism, physical inactivity, sugary soft-drink consumption, and educational scores stagnant. Moreover, wealth inequality is stark, with the top 10% of the population owning 77% of the wealth. The Chilean Cogni-Action Project collected comprehensive data over three years (2017-2019) from 1,296 schoolchildren (10-14 years old) in the Valparaíso region. These data encompassed 789 variables spanning physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and lifestyle factors, as well as neuroimaging variables. The present article aims to contextualize and showcase this project based on the papers published to date. As universities and research institutions worldwide pursue similar endeavors, the necessity arises to share findings and methodologies to expedite knowledge development that can inform public policy and shape the agendas of pertinent institutions.
“Contra la guerra, ciutats”
Authors: Monterde Mateo Oscar
Published: February 2024

L’any 1995, Barcelona declarà Sarajevo Districte 11 de la ciutat, fou la consolidació d’una procés de cooperació i solidaritat que havia començat amb l’inici de la guerra a Bòsnia i encara continua avui. L’objectiu d’aquest article és explicar les principals claus polítiques que van impulsar la cooperació i el compromís de Barcelona amb Sarajevo, i demostrar com aquesta experiència, es va convertir en l’impuls de l’acció internacional de Barcelona al Mediterrani i en el símbol d’una idea política d’Europa, on les ciutats i el municipalisme havien de ser la seva pedra angular. Una idea que sintetitza el pensament i l’acció política de Pasqual Maragall a Europa i a la mediterrània
David Ginard Féron, Matilde Landa. El compromiso y la tragedia (1904-1942), Universitat de València, Valencia, 2023, 261 pp.
Authors: Erice Sebares Francisco
Published: February 2024

David Ginard nos ha ido ofreciendo, en los últimos años, una serie de biografías que constituyen otras tantas pequeñas joyas en su profusa obra como investigador. Además de glosar la trayectoria vital del historiador Josep Massot o del periodista anticlerical Ateu Martí, su atención se ha centrado especialmente en militantes del comunismo español, personajes como Heriberto Quiñones, Aurora Picornell o Matilde Landa.
Juan Carlos García Funes, Desafectos. Batallones de trabajo forzado en el franquismo, Comares, Granada, 2022, 360 pp. / Sergio Riesco Roche, El destacamento penal de Bustarviejo. Lugar de memoria, Asoc. Memoria Histórica Los Barracones, Bustarviejo, 2022, 118 pp.
Authors: Organero Ángel
Published: February 2024

A lo largo de las siguientes páginas, será diseccionado el contenido de las dos obras que protagonizan la presente reseña. Cada una está centrada en diferentes modalidades de trabajo forzado durante el franquismo, pero ambas guardan una clara relación mediante el nexo común de una represión de características similares, con consecuencias e investigaciones paralelas
cobertura hospitalaria de la tuberculosis en la España franquista, 1939-1975
Authors: García Cruz Elena
Published: February 2024

La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades con mayores tasas de mortalidad en España en gran parte del siglo XX y que más ha perdurado hasta conseguir reducir su incidencia. Durante el primer franquismo fue la primera causa de mortalidad de la población española. Ni siquiera los esfuerzos por aumentar el número de sanatorios del Patronato Nacional Antituberculoso consiguió que la mortalidad por esta causa disminuyese. El cambio de tendencia vino de la mano de otros factores, como la introducción en el país de la estreptomicina, un antibiótico muy costoso de conseguir durante los primeros años de la dictadura o la introducción de campañas de higiene y vacunación. El último esfuerzo del franquismo para frenar esta enfermedad fue la creación del Plan Nacional de Erradicación de la Tuberculosis, cuyos resultados son cuestionables. El objetivo de este trabajo es incidir en la cuantificación y evolución de los sanatorios del Plan Nacional, dibujar su papel en la estrategia de lucha antituberculosa en este periodo y analizar su decadencia y cambio de funcionalidad de muchos de ellos en los últimos años del franquismo.
Brian Simon y el Comité Nacional Cultural del Partido Comunista de Gran Bretaña
Authors: Canales Serrano Antonio Fco
Published: February 2024

Este artículo estudia la actuación del reputado historiador de la educación Brian Simon al frente del Comité Nacional Cultural del Partido Comunista de Gran Bretaña. Tras la crisis provocada por la invasión de Hungría por la urss en 1956, Simon se puso al servicio del partido para contrarrestar los efectos del nacimiento de la New Left. En 1957 entró en el Comité Nacional Cultural junto con James Klugmann y Arnold Kettle, y lo dirigió a partir de 1962. Al frente del grupo intelectual conocido como los “humanistas socialistas”, Simon lideró la renovación ideológica del comunismo británico a lo largo de los años sesenta, desde la ortodoxia estalinista hasta posiciones cercanas al eurocomunismo. Un hito en esta evolución ideológica fue la publicación en 1967 de Questions of Ideology and Culture.
Forme della censura nell’Italia del secondo Novecento
Authors: Barile Alessandro , Erbosi Flavia
Published: February 2024

L’articolo analizza l’evoluzione della censura in Italia nel secondo dopoguerra, attraverso lo studio della legislazione prodotta tra il 1943 e il 2017. Particolare attenzione sarà data agli anni che vanno dal 1948 al 1962, periodo caratterizzato dalla maggiore continuità nell’azione censoria rispetto al precedente regime fascista. Successivamente, a partire dall’approvazione della legge n. 161/1962, l’azione censoria muta lentamente di segno. La fine della fase più acuta della guerra fredda, insieme all’avvento dei consumi culturali di massa, favoriscono un diverso uso della censura da parte della Democrazia cristiana. Da un lato, vi è un rilassamento dell’azione repressiva; dall’altro, la censura diviene un tassello di una più ambiziosa politica culturale. A partire dagli anni Sessanta la Dc riuscirà così a sfruttare la modernizzazione dei consumi culturali mantenendo un rapporto con il più tradizionale messaggio cattolico, in una linea di continuità con una visione della cultura in chiave pedagogica e moralizzatrice.
Revisiting Wise “Barbarians” in the Hellenistic Era
Authors: Harland Philip A.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: The overriding sense of civilizational superiority among Greeks was encapsulated most potently in the concept of the “barbarian,” an uneducated foreigner who could do nothing more than babble nonsense, let alone contribute to civilization. The strong distinction between Greeks and barbarians was not always perfectly dichotomous, however, as seen in the wise barbarian theme that scholarship has long tracked, particularly in connection with ethnographic works and, in the Roman era, philosophical and religious debates. Taking a decolonizing approach that also moves beyond the problematic modern categories of “philosophy” and “religion,” this article explores the wise barbarian as part of a more widespread set of ethnic discourses in the period after Herodotus (ca. 420 bce) and before Poseidonios of Apameia (ca. 50 bce). I argue that these discourses were employed not only among Greeks such as Ephoros of Kyme (ca. 350 bce), but also among subject peoples themselves, as in Bel-re’ushu (Berossos) of Babylon (ca. 300 bce), long before the Stoic Poseidonios developed his theory of primitive wisdom in the first century bce. These multivalent discourses provide important insights into ethnic relations in and around the Hellenistic era as those belonging to both hegemonic and conquered populations engaged in different strategies in order to navigate their places within an expanding world.
Multi-Layered Reduction System in the Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma:
An Examination of the Usage of Svabhāva
Authors: Zhang Shuqing
Published: February 2024

This article argues that the Sarvāstivāda's " X takes Y as svabhāva " system constitutes a multi-layered reduction system where " X takes Y as svabhāva " can be understood as " X is reduced to Y ." Here, svabhāva functions as a means of reduction. The reduction system comprises three layers and its primary aim is to reduce non-dharma types to dharma types. Furthermore, the article discusses whether the multi-layered reduction system is ontological or epistemological. Moreover, based on the third layer of the reduction system, the article suggests that svabhāva has only played a limited role in defining dharma types.
Exact solution of a lambda quantum system driven by a two-photon wave packet
Authors: Lopes da Silva Wendel , Valente Daniel
Published: February 2024

Three-level atoms in lambda configuration find diverse applications in quantum information processing, and a promising way to manipulate their quantum states is with single-photon pulses propagating in a waveguide (which can be theoretically regarded as a highly broadband regime of the Jaynes–Cummings model). Here, we analytically find the nonperturbative dynamics of a lambda atom driven by a two-photon wave packet, propagating in a 1D electromagnetic environment. We study the dynamics of a quantum state purification as an application. By comparing our exact model with an approximated model of two cascaded single-photon wave packets, we show how two-photon nonlinearities and stimulated emission affect the purification.
Non-uniformity correction algorithm for DoFP adapted to integration time variations
Authors: Xin Jianqiao , Li Zheng , Yang Zhengye , Qu Weidong , Wang Shiyong
Published: February 2024

Division of the focal plane (DoFP) polarization detector is a pivotal technology in real-time polarization detection. This technology integrates a micropolarization array (MPA) onto the conventional focal plane, introducing a more intricate non-uniformity than traditional focal plane detectors. Current non-uniformity correction algorithms for DoFP are difficult to adapt to changes in integration time and perform poorly in low-polarization scenarios. Analyzing the characteristics of DoFP, formulating a pixel response model, and introducing an adaptive non-uniformity correction algorithm tailored for varying integration time. The DoFP analysis vectors are decomposed into average polarization response and unit analysis vectors for correction separately to improve the performance of the correction algorithm in different polarization scenarios. The performance of modern correction algorithms was tested and evaluated using standard uniform images, and the proposed method outperformed existing algorithms in terms of polarization measurement accuracy under the root mean square error (RMSE) metric. Moreover, in natural scene images, our proposed algorithm shows favorable visual effects and distinguishes itself from its superior stability amid changes in the integration time.
Coherent states of the Laguerre–Gauss modes
Authors: Morales Rodríguez M. P. , Magaña-Loaiza O. S. , Perez-Garcia B. , Nieto Calzada L. M. , Marroquín Gutiérrrez F. , Rodríguez-Lara B. M.
Published: February 2024

Large quantum photonic systems hold promise for surpassing classical computational limits, yet their state preparation remains a challenge. We propose an alternative approach to study multiparticle dynamics by mapping the excitation mode of these systems to physical properties of the Laguerre–Gauss modes. We construct coherent states establishing a direct link between excitation number dynamics and the evolution of the Laguerre–Gauss modes. This highlights the photon transverse spatial degree of freedom as a versatile platform for testing the fundamental aspects of quantum multiparticle systems.
Identification of trans-genus biomarkers for early diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis and progression of gut pathology in a mouse model using metabolomics
Authors: Chienwichai Peerut , Tipthara Phornpimon , Tarning Joel , Limpanont Yanin , Chusongsang Phiraphol , Chusongsang Yupa , Kiangkoo Nuttapohn , Adisakwattana Poom , Reamtong Onrapak
Published: February 2024

Schistosomiasis is one of the most devastating human diseases worldwide. The disease is caused by six species of Schistosoma blood fluke; five of which cause intestinal granulomatous inflammation and bleeding. The current diagnostic method is inaccurate and delayed, hence, biomarker identification using metabolomics has been applied. However, previous studies only investigated infection caused by one Schistosoma spp., leaving a gap in the use of biomarkers for other species. No study focused on understanding the progression of intestinal disease. Therefore, we aimed to identify early gut biomarkers of infection with three Schistosoma spp. and progression of intestinal pathology. We infected 3 groups of mice, 3 mice each, with Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum or Schistosoma mekongi and collected their feces before and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after infection. Metabolites in feces were extracted and identified using mass spectrometer-based metabolomics. Metabolites were annotated and analyzed with XCMS bioinformatics tool and Metaboanalyst platform. From >36,000 features in all conditions, multivariate analysis found a distinct pattern at each time point for all species. Pathway analysis reported alteration of several lipid metabolism pathways as infection progressed. Disturbance of the glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway was found with the presence of parasite eggs, indicating involvement of this pathway in disease progression. Biomarkers were discovered using a combination of variable importance for projection score cut-off and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Five molecules met our criteria and were present in all three species: 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 1α-hydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropoxy) vitamin D3, Ganoderic acid Md, unidentified feature with m/z 455.3483, and unidentified feature with m/z 456.3516. These molecules were proposed as trans-genus biomarkers of early schistosomiasis. Our findings provide evidence for disease progression in intestinal schistosomiasis and potential biomarkers, which could be beneficial for early detection of this disease.
Moonless night sky increases Isistius species (cookiecutter shark) and live human contact
Authors: Minaglia Steven , Liegl Melodee
Published: February 2024

The nocturnal feeding behavior and zoogeographical habitat of cookiecutter sharks Isistius brasiliensis and Isistius plutodus (Isistius spp.) greatly reduces interaction of this species with live humans. Attacks on live humans are exceedingly rare with 7 cases reported worldwide, 6 of them in Hawaiʻi, and 5 of these occuring among channel swimmers. Published research suggests that periods of bright moonlight may increase Isistius spp. contact with live humans and does not otherwise identify significant trends or risk factors. Yet 5 of the 6 Isistius spp. bites on live humans in Hawaiʻian waters occurred with the moon set and after nautical twilight end and before nautical twilight start. From 1961–2023 in Hawaiʻi, 129 successful solo channel crosses and 5 Isistius spp. related injuries in the habitat of cookiecutter sharks were analyzed across two groups: one where both the moon and sun were set (dark group) and one where the moon and/or sun was in the sky (light group). There was a significant difference for swimmers bitten by Isistius spp. in the dark 4 (12%) versus light groups 1 (1%), p = 0.012, RR 12.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.5–108.9). Swim start time and year was also significant (Pearson correlation 0.566, p <0.001). Swimmer gender and use of shark deterrent devices and artificial illumination were not significant. The growing popularity of channel swimming in Hawaiʻi and swim start times have contributed to an increasing likelihood of live human and Isistius spp. contact and a moonless night sky is a significant risk factor for this interaction.
Successive national agricultural policies/programmes, growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and expansion of agribusinesses in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Clara U. , Ikehi Michael E. , Ejiofor Toochukwu E. , Ifeanyieze Florence O.
Published: February 2024

In Sub Saharan Africa, agriculture’s contribution to employment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated to be higher than other sectors. Policies designed and implemented for the agricultural sector could be an influencing factor to the variations in the contributions of agriculture to the annual national GDP. These policies are believed to have shaped and (some) still shaping the landscape of agriculture and national economy. The study analysed agriculture’s GDP contribution during the implementation of various national agricultural policies, and the potential of the policies to foster agrobusiness development in Nigeria between 2000 and 2021. The study adopted mixed-method approach. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered on 29 purposively sampled state Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) directors across Nigeria. The questionnaire was face-validated by three experts. Reliability test was carryout using Cronbach Alpha approach, which yielded an index of 0.89. Copies of the questionnaire were administered on the respondents through direct contact. Secondary data were collected from the Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Bureau of Statistics, and World Bank. Data was analysed with mean, standard deviation, percentages and ANOVA. Findings of the study revealed that the performance of implemented agricultural policies had influence on agricultural sector’s percentage contribution to national GDP, and changes in agriculture’s GDP contribution had significant impact on national GDP growth. The duration of active life of the policies did not influence their performance, like the Root and Tuber Expansion Programme which lasted longer yet performed less than the National Special Programme on Food Security in terms of improvement in agriculture’s GDP contributions. All the policies implemented had several limitations in their ability to foster agribusinesses in Nigeria. The study recommends that future policies should focus on providing sustainable frameworks for developing the business in agriculture through value chain optimisation and the use of the teeming, young, and affordable labour force like China and India did to become global food producers.
Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates axon guidance genes in Drosophila
Authors: Singh Badri Nath , Tran Hiep , Kramer Joseph , Kirichenko Elmira , Changela Neha , Wang Fei , Feng Yaping , Kumar Dibyendu , Tu Min , Lan Jie , Bizet Martin , Fuks François , Steward Ruth
Published: February 2024

Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases and catalyze the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA. These enzymes have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The Tet gene is essential in Drosophila as Tet knock-out animals do not reach adulthood. We describe the identification of Tet-target genes in the embryo and larval brain by mapping one, Tet DNA-binding sites throughout the genome and two, the Tet-dependent 5hmrC modifications transcriptome-wide. 5hmrC modifications are distributed along the entire transcript, while Tet DNA-binding sites are preferentially located at the promoter where they overlap with histone H3K4me3 peaks. The identified mRNAs are preferentially involved in neuron and axon development and Tet knock-out led to a reduction of 5hmrC marks on specific mRNAs. Among the Tet-target genes were the robo2 receptor and its slit ligand that function in axon guidance in Drosophila and in vertebrates. Tet knock-out embryos show overlapping phenotypes with robo2 and both Robo2 and Slit protein levels were markedly reduced in Tet KO larval brains. Our results establish a role for Tet-dependent 5hmrC in facilitating the translation of modified mRNAs primarily in cells of the nervous system.
When are people more open to cheating? Economic inequality makes people expect more everyday unethical behavior
Authors: Schmalor Anita , Schroeder Adrian K. , Heine Steven J.
Published: February 2024

Economic inequality has been found to be associated with increased unethical behavior and an increased acceptance of unethical behavior. In this paper we explored whether higher amounts of perceived inequality lead to an increase in the expectation of unethical behavior. We tested whether people would say that they themselves would engage in more unethical behavior in a context of high compared to low inequality. We find evidence for this hypothesis in 3 of 4 studies (n = 3,038). An internal meta-analysis shows a small but significant effect. Such increased expectations that oneself will behave unethically likely has consequences for societal trust and functioning.
The sustainable use of diverse plants accustomed by different ethnic groups in Sibi District, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Maria Bibi , Saeed Shazia , Ahmed Alia , Ahmed Maria , Rehman Abdul
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted to analyze the utilization of medicinal plants (traditional as well as cultivated) and there recipes accustomed by different ethnic groups of Sibi District (SD), Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was carried out between 2018 and 2021 by using semi-structured and open-ended questionnaire.. The randomly selected methods applied for this study were mainly based on household surveys walk through and interview with indigenous communityage 40 to 80, a total of 75 plants, belonging to 63 genera and distributed among 33 plant families were recorded. The dominant Plant families were the Fabaceae (12%) of all studied taxa, followed by the Amaranthaceae (7%), Asteraceae (6%), Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae (4% each), Rhamnaceae and Zygophyllaceae (3%). Thirty traditional Food Recipes (TFR) and Traditional Medicinal Recipes (TMR) were novel being first time reported from SD., which are utilized by the local communities in their daily routine. These ethnic TFR and TMR have a tremendous role in preservation and sustainable use of traditional food habits and culture. It was also documented that along with cultivated, the wild edible and medicinal plant preparations play a significant role in in the economic potential and primary health care system of the local communities. The study recommends the specific measures, such as small industries, improved export means, tourism and educational activities, to protect the traditional knowledge and biocultural heritage of the region before its erosion.
Rhythmic properties of Sciaena umbra calls across space and time in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Picciulin Marta , Bolgan Marta , Burchardt Lara S.
Published: February 2024

In animals, the rhythmical properties of calls are known to be shaped by physical constraints and the necessity of conveying information. As a consequence, investigating rhythmical properties in relation to different environmental conditions can help to shed light on the relationship between environment and species behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Sciaena umbra (fam. Sciaenidae) male fish emit reproductive calls characterized by a simple isochronous, i.e., metronome-like rhythm (the so-called R-pattern). Here, S. umbra R-pattern rhythm properties were assessed and compared between four different sites located along the Mediterranean basin (Mallorca, Venice, Trieste, Crete); furthermore, for one location, two datasets collected 10 years apart were available. Recording sites differed in habitat types, vessel density and acoustic richness; despite this, S. umbra R-calls were isochronous across all locations. A degree of variability was found only when considering the beat frequency, which was temporally stable, but spatially variable, with the beat frequency being faster in one of the sites (Venice). Statistically, the beat frequency was found to be dependent on the season (i.e. month of recording) and potentially influenced by the presence of soniferous competitors and human-generated underwater noise. Overall, the general consistency in the measured rhythmical properties (isochrony and beat frequency) suggests their nature as a fitness-related trait in the context of the S. umbra reproductive behavior and calls for further evaluation as a communicative cue.
Molecular and morphological data suggest a new species of big-eared bat (Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus) endemic to northeastern Mexico
Authors: López-Cuamatzi Issachar L. , Ortega Jorge , Ospina-Garcés Sandra M. , Zúñiga Gerardo , MacSwiney G. M. Cristina
Published: February 2024

Corynorhinus mexicanus is an insectivorous bat endemic to Mexico that inhabits the high and humid regions of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC). A previous study suggested that C. mexicanus could be a cryptic species complex due to the genetic divergence observed between specimens from the TMVB and SMOC. The present study implemented phylogenetic, population genetics, and morphological analyses to evaluate the hypothesis that C. mexicanus is a species complex. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. mexicanus is a polyphyletic species composed of three indirectly related lineages. The estimated divergence times for the lineages suggest that they first originated during the Pliocene, while the second and third shared a common ancestor with C. townsendii 1.55 million years ago, and diverged 600,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene. The population genetics analysis reveals the SMO lineage of C. mexicanus is an isolated genetic group and highly diverged from the rest of lineages (SMOC and TMVB). The morphological analyses showed variation in the skull and mandible associated with the lineages and sex of the specimens, highlighting a difference in mandible shape between the specimens of the SMO and the rest of C. mexicanus. The results of this study suggest the presence of an undescribed species of the genus Corynorhinus.
Legacy lessons from the COVID-19 era to improve trial participation and retention: Views from trial participants, PPIE contributors and trial staff across the NIHR portfolio
Authors: Leggett Heather , Vinall-Collier Karen , Csikar Julia , Barber Sophy , Carr Rachel , Bhatti Amrit , Pavitt Sue
Published: February 2024

Background

The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the delivery of healthcare research. Covid-19 research was prioritised and many non-essential trials were paused. This study explores the engagement experiences of trial participants’, PPIE contributors’ and trial staff during the Covid-19 pandemic and towards recovery and restoring a diverse and balanced UK clinical trials portfolio.

Methods

Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with PPIE contributors, trial participants and trial staff members from NIHR research trials across the UK (November 2020-June 2021) across portfolio specialities: Cancer, Oral and Dental Health, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurological Disorders, Primary Care, and Conditions associated with susceptibility to Covid-19 (Diabetes, Stroke, Respiratory Disorders). Topic guides were developed for each participant group and interviews were conducted over Zoom. The transcripts were analysed using codebook thematic analysis in NVivo (V.12).

Results

106 participants comprising, 45 PPIE contributors, 27 trial participants and 34 trial staff members were recruited. Three themes to engagement with trials during Covid-19 were developed. 1) Ensuring continued contact. Continued and tailored communication, having a trial point of contact and regular updates all enhanced trial engagement and retention. Patients’ unfamiliarity with materials being sent electronically reduced engagement and trust. 2) A balanced move to remote consultations. Remote follow-up and monitoring were convenient and allowed for wider recruitment across the UK. Participants were more likely to discuss personal subjects in their own homes. Remote visits lacked a personal touch, some concerns over missed diagnoses or being unable to appreciate the situation, technical abilities or equipment failures were seen as barriers, especially for disadvantaged or older people. 3) The importance of feeling fully informed. Factors that supported attendance were knowledge about trial conduct adherence to Covid-19 regulations, social distancing, clear signage at the site and opportunities to ask questions. Barriers included not knowing what to expect and not feeling safe with rules and regulations.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight a number of ways to future proof trial delivery against future pandemics or disruptions such as offering online options to participate in research, ensuring consistent communication between participants and the research team, making sure participants feel fully informed and the continued reassurance of safety in the clinical setting.
Understanding patient and family utilisation of community-based palliative care services out-of-hours: Additional analysis of systematic review evidence using narrative synthesis
Authors: Goodrich Joanna , Watson Caleb , Gaczkowska Inez , Harding Richard , Evans Catherine , Firth Alice , Murtagh Fliss E.M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Community-based out-of-hours services are an integral component of end-of-life care. However, there is little understanding of how patients and families utilise these services. This additional analysis of a systematic review aims to understand and identify patterns of out-of-hours service use and produce recommendations for future service design.

Method

Data on service use was extracted and secondary analysis undertaken, from a systematic review of models of community out-of-hours services. Narrative synthesis was completed, addressing four specific aspects of service use: 1.Times when patients/families/healthcare professionals need to contact out-of-hours services; 2. Who contacts out-of-hours services; 3. Whether a telephone call, centre visit or home visit is provided; 4. Who responds to out-of-hours calls.

Results

Community-based out-of-hours palliative care services were most often accessed between 5pm and midnight, especially on weekdays (with reports of 69% of all calls being made out-of-hours). Family members and carers were the most frequent callers to of the services (making between 60% and 80% of all calls). The type of contact (telephone, centre visit or home visit) varied based on what was offered and on patient need. Over half of services were led by a single discipline (nurse).

Conclusions

Out-of-hours services are highly used up to midnight, and particularly by patients’ family and carers. Recommendations to commissioners and service providers are to:

• Increase provision of out-of-hours services between 5pm and midnight to reflect the increased use at these times.

• Ensure that family and carers are provided with clear contact details for out-of-hours support.

• Ensure patient records can be easily accessed by health professionals responding to calls, making the triage process easier.

• Listen to patients, family and carers in the design of out-of-hours services, including telephone services.

• Collect data systematically on out-of-hours-service use and on outcomes for patients who use the service.
The contribution of raised blood pressure to all-cause and cardiovascular deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in Australia: Analysis of global burden of disease study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Xu Xiaoyue , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Schlaich Markus , Jennings Garry , Schutte Aletta E.
Published: February 2024

Aims

In a high-income country, Australia, it is unclear how raised systolic blood pressure (SBP) ranks among other risk factors regarding the overall and cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, and whether the situation has changed over time.

Methods

We analysed the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, with focus on Australia. We assessed ten leading risk factors for all-cause and CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and compared findings with the Australian Burden of Diseases Study.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, raised SBP remained the leading risk factor for attributable all-cause deaths (followed by dietary risks and tobacco use), accounting for 29,056/75,235 (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) [24,863 to 32,915]) deaths in 1990; 21,845/76,893 [17,678 to 26,044] in 2010; and 25,498/90,393 [20,152 to 30,851] in 2019. Contributions of raised SBP to cardiovascular deaths for both sexes were 54.0% [45.8 to 61.5] in 1990, 44.0% [36.7 to 51.3] in 2010 and 43.7% [36.2 to 51.6] in 2019, respectively. The contribution of raised SBP to cardiovascular deaths declined between 1990 and 2010 but exhibited an increase in males from 2010 onwards, with figures of 52.6% [44.7 to 60.0] in 1990, 43.1% [36.0 to 50.5] in 2010 and 43.5% [35.7 to 51.4] in 2019. The contribution of raised SBP to stroke deaths and DALYs in males aged 25–49 years were higher than other age groups, in excess of 60% and increasing steeply between 2010 and 2019.

Conclusion

Raised SBP continues to be the leading risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths in Australia. We urge cross-disciplinary stakeholder engagement to implement effective strategies to detect, treat and control raised blood pressure as a central priority to mitigate the CVD burden.
Canine detection of explosives under adverse environmental conditions with and without acclimation training
Authors: Kane Sarah A. , Fernandez Lauren S. , Huff Dillon E. , Prada-Tiedemann Paola A. , Hall Nathaniel J.
Published: February 2024

Canines are one of the best biological detectors of energetic materials available; however, canine detection of explosives is impacted by a number of factors, including environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were: 1) determine how canine detection limits vary when both the canine and odorant are tested in varying temperature and humidity conditions (canine and odor interactive effects); and 2) determine if an acclimatization plan can improve detection limits in an adverse environmental condition. Eight working line canines were trained to detect four energetics: prill ammonium nitrate (AN), Composition 4 (C4), trinitrotoluene (TNT) and double base smokeless powder (SP). In Experiment 1, canines completed a 3-alternative forced choice 3-down-1-up staircase threshold assessment in five environmental conditions: 40°C and 70% relative humidity (RH), 40°C and 40% RH, 0°C and 90% RH, 0°C and 50% RH and 21°C and 50% RH. Canines showed a 3.5-fold detection limit increase (poorer detection) for C4 in 40°C and 70% RH compared to their detection limit at 21°C and 50% RH. In Experiment 2, the eight canines were split into two groups (n = 4), control and acclimation groups. The control group completed the threshold assessment for C4 at 21°C and 50% RH each day for 20 days, with 5 minutes of petting prior to testing. The acclimation group completed the same assessment daily starting at 21°C and 50% RH but temperature and RH were incremented daily over the course of 6 days to the 40°C and 70% RH condition. After the initial six days, the acclimation group completed daily assessments at 40°C and 70% RH condition for the remainder of the experiment. All acclimatization group canines started their session with 5 minutes of toy or food retrieves. Detection limits for C4 for all dogs were tested in 40°C and 70% RH on day 11 and day 22. The acclimatization plan improved detection limits in the 40°C and 70% RH condition for C4 compared to the non-acclimated group. In this set of experiments, canine detection limits for four explosive odorants were found to vary based on environmental condition and were mostly driven by impacts on the canine rather than odor availability. The acclimatization plan did result in lower detection limits (i.e., increased performance). Future work should determine what factor (exercise or environmental exposure) is more effective in acclimatization for odor detection work.
The impact of iron supplementation on the preterm neonatal gut microbiome: A pilot study
Authors: VanOrmer Matthew , Thompson Maranda , Thoene Melissa , Riethoven Jean-Jack , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Hanson Corrine , Anderson-Berry Ann
Published: February 2024

Objective

The gastrointestinal microbiome in preterm infants exhibits significant influence on optimal outcomes–with dysbiosis shown to substantially increase the risk of the life-threatening necrotizing enterocolitis. Iron is a vital nutrient especially during the perinatal window of rapid hemoglobin production, tissue growth, and foundational neurodevelopment. However, excess colonic iron exhibits potent oxidation capacity and alters the gut microbiome–potentially facilitating the proliferation of pathological bacterial strains. Breastfed preterm infants routinely receive iron supplementation starting 14 days after delivery and are highly vulnerable to morbidities associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, we set out to determine if routine iron supplementation alters the preterm gut microbiome.

Methods

After IRB approval, we collected stool specimens from 14 infants born <34 weeks gestation in the first, second, and fourth week of life to assess gut microbiome composition via 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

We observed no significant differences in either phyla or key genera relative abundance between pre- and post-iron timepoints. We observed notable shifts in infant microbiome composition based on season of delivery.

Conclusion

Though no obvious indication of iron-induced dysbiosis was observed in this unique study in the setting of prematurity, further investigation in a larger sample is warranted to fully understand iron’s impact on the gastrointestinal milieu.
Empoderamiento de cooperativas de mujeres en Centro-Habana, Cuba
Authors: Febles Domínguez Maura , Alfonso Gonzáles Georgina
Published: February 2024

El proceso de reformas en Cuba iniciado en 2011 se ha planteado ampliar los modos de participación económica y política impulsando diversas formas de producción y reproducción de la vida (cooperativa y privada). Los cambios se han sucedido de manera vertiginosa y no con la coherencia y sistematicidad precisas para hacerlos conscientes, relacionarlos con la cotidianidad y realizar un seguimiento de sus impactos posibles. Este proceso ha dado motivo a una amplia confrontación de ideas y prácticas en torno a las medidas que inciden en el rumbo estratégico del país. En tales confrontaciones, las mujeres han jugado un papel relevante, pues los cambios han afectado a la estructura socio clasista y agudizado otros patrones de desigualdad, con marcada diferencia sobre las vidas de las mujeres. La nueva Constitución aprobada en 2019 reconoce la diversificación de formas productivas y de propiedad en Cuba (mixta, privada, asociativa), ponderando la «propiedad socialista de todo el pueblo» como forma principal de apropiación de los medios productivos fundamentales. Una coherente articulación de las diversas formas productivas y de propiedad potencia el desarrollo local descentralizado; el despliegue de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, la economía inclusiva y popular, cooperada y solidaria; la apertura al capital extranjero; el fomento y desarrollo de nuevos sectores económicos con gran incidencia social (energía y minas, agricultura y ganadería, biotecnología); la separación de funciones entre el sistema administrativo y el empresarial. Tales metas suponen una nueva relación entre el Estado y la sociedad, y asimismo sobre las mujeres cubanas.
Trabajo cooperado y solidario: acciones aplicadas desde las luchas feministas en Cuba
Authors: Pérez González Mirell
Published: February 2024

A partir de los estudios científicos realizados durante los últimos años en Cuba, en el seno del Grupo América Latina, Filosofía Social y Axiología (Galfisa), y de la articulación de redes activas de trabajo feminista llevadas a cabo con organizaciones cubanas, se han establecido parámetros, pautas y estrategias de acción donde se prioriza el bienestar de las mujeres en espacios laborales como pueden ser las cooperativas no agropecuarias en Cuba. El cambio en el contexto global de la relación capital trabajo, se comprende más allá de la falsa disyuntiva entre Estado y mercado, asumiendo una perspectiva más social de la economía y la inclusión de “buenas prácticas” políticas, culturales, morales, simbólicas, comunicativas, que emergen en medio de una disputa de sentidos y confrontaciones de ideas, sobre el rumbo estratégico del país y la manera de afrontar los retos propuestos en los nuevos escenarios locales, regionales y globales. Cuba necesita más que nunca incluir toda su heterogeneidad social creadora y asumir la economía como ciclo de producción y reproducción de la vida humana y natural. Desde este convencimiento, se pueden establecer estrategias que nos conduzcan necesariamente a pensar el futuro con una racionalidad diferente, proponiendo caminos inclusivos con una visión de totalidad. Además, el actual proceso de reformas en Cuba ha dado lugar al consenso sobre la necesidad de ampliar los modos de participación económica y política de las mujeres en las diversas formas de producción y reproducción de la vida.
Construir espacios urbanos desde las geografías de género y de las sexualidades
Authors: Moreno Magdalena
Published: February 2024

La Geografía es la ciencia que se ocupa de estudiar el espacio, entendido éste como una instancia más de la totalidad social. En este trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre el espacio urbano desde las Geografías de género y de las sexualidades. En un primer momento se presentará una concepción del espacio geográfico a partir de la recuperación de los aportes de Doreen Massey, para luego pensar su cruce con la perspectiva de género y la mirada interseccional. A continuación, se mostrarán diversas maneras de habitar y construir el espacio urbano a través de casos que permiten ejemplificarlas. Analizar la sociedad en términos de género no implica simplemente visibilizar o incorporar a las mujeres a los estudios, sino comprender las relaciones que se producen entre las personas con diferentes identidades de género; de allí que analizar desde una perspectiva de género requiere pensar de manera relacional. Este comportamiento sexualizado tiene una dimensión espacial y está conformado por normas e ideas sobre la sexualidad. De modo que un mismo espacio físico adquirirá diferentes significados para cada colectivo según su posicionalidad con respecto a los sistemas sociales dominantes.