bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Some Selected Domestic Violence Image Cartoons
Authors: Faiq Aseel Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship usually committed in a domestic setting by one partner against the other. The current study investigates this type of violence as exhibited in cartoon discourse. The study tries to approach image cartoons of the domestic violence type to examine how meaning is made within different modes and which mode is the most dominant. Moreover, it attempts to check who is the most powerful member in the family, who is exercising violence, and on whom. Martin and Rose's (2007) model has been implemented to be used as a tool to examine both the visual and verbal components in each cartoon. The researcher randomly selected six cartoons from several domestic violence types to constitute the sample of the current study. It is found that different kinds of violence, mainly of the social and physical types, have been exercised by the male figure (the patriarch, i.e., the father, or the husband) in the family. Moreover, domestic violence cartoons make their meaning and express their messages through the visual mode more than the verbal one. This, in turn, may be ascribed to the fact that visual modes can provide their own affordances through which they can be interpreted globally.
Gender Representation in Authorship of Academic Dermatology Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Szeto Mindy D , Laughter Melissa R , Maymone Mayra B C , Patel Payal M , Sivesind Torunn E , Presley Colby L , Lada Steven M , Pulsipher Kayd J , De La Garza Henriette , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: September 2024

Analyses of women dermatology literature authorship from 2018 to 2022 reveal a slight increase in total female authors, female first authors, and female senior authors with no substantial immediate impact of COVID-19 on current trends, encouraging future examination of long-term effects and ongoing promotion of systemic initiatives to support gender equity.
Comparing Insulin Against Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on 5-Year Incident Heart Failure Risk for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Evidence Study Using Insurance Claims
Authors: Wang Xuan , Plantinga Anna M , Xiong Xin , Cromer Sara J , Bonzel Clara-Lea , Panickan Vidul , Duan Rui , Hou Jue , Cai Tianxi
Published: September 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common health issue, with heart failure (HF) being a common and lethal long-term complication. Although insulin is widely used for the treatment of T2DM, evidence regarding the efficacy of insulin compared to noninsulin therapies on incident HF risk is missing among randomized controlled trials. Real-world evidence on insulin’s effect on long-term HF risk may supplement existing guidelines on the management of T2DM.

Objective

This study aimed to compare insulin therapy against other medications on HF risk among patients with T2DM using real-world data extracted from insurance claims.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was conducted based on insurance claims data from a single health care network. The study period was from January 1, 2016, to August 11, 2021. The cohort was defined as patients having a T2DM diagnosis code. The inclusion criteria were patients who had at least 1 record of a glycated hemoglobin laboratory test result; full insurance for at least 1 year (either commercial or Medicare Part D); and received glucose-lowering therapy belonging to 1 of the following groups: insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is), or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is). The main outcome was the 5-year incident HF rate. Baseline covariates, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory test results, were adjusted to correct for confounding.

Results

After adjusting for a broad list of confounders, patients receiving insulin were found to be associated with an 11.8% (95% CI 11.0%‐12.7%), 12.0% (95% CI 11.5%‐12.4%), and 15.1% (95% CI 14.3%‐16.0%) higher 5-year HF rate compared to those using GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4Is, and SGLT2Is, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that insulin’s effect of a higher HF rate was significant in the subgroup with high HF risk but not significant in the subgroup with low HF risk.

Conclusions

This study generated real-world evidence on the association of insulin therapy with a higher 5-year HF rate compared to GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4Is, and SGLT2Is based on insurance claims data. These findings also demonstrated the value of real-world data for comparative effectiveness studies to complement established guidelines. On the other hand, the study shares the common limitations of observational studies. Even though high-dimensional confounders are adjusted, remaining confounding may exist and induce bias in the analysis.
Patient Health Record Protection Beyond the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Subramanian Hemang , Sengupta Arijit , Xu Yilin
Published: September 2024

Background

The security and privacy of health care information are crucial for maintaining the societal value of health care as a public good. However, governance over electronic health care data has proven inefficient, despite robust enforcement efforts. Both federal (HIPAA [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act]) and state regulations, along with the ombudsman rule, have not effectively reduced the frequency or impact of data breaches in the US health care system. While legal frameworks have bolstered data security, recent years have seen a concerning increase in breach incidents. This paper investigates common breach types and proposes best practices derived from the data as potential solutions.

Objective

The primary aim of this study is to analyze health care and hospital breach data, comparing it against HIPAA compliance levels across states (spatial analysis) and the impact of the Omnibus Rule over time (temporal analysis). The goal is to establish guidelines for best practices in handling sensitive information within hospitals and clinical environments.

Methods

The study used data from the Department of Health and Human Services on reported breaches, assessing the severity and impact of each breach type. We then analyzed secondary data to examine whether HIPAA’s storage and retention rule amendments have influenced security and privacy incidents across all 50 states. Finally, we conducted a qualitative analysis of textual data from vulnerability and breach reports to identify actionable best practices for health care settings.

Results

Our findings indicate that hacking or IT incidents have the most significant impact on the number of individuals affected, highlighting this as a primary breach category. The overall difference-in-differences trend reveals no significant reduction in breach rates (P=.50), despite state-level regulations exceeding HIPAA requirements and the introduction of the ombudsman rule. This persistence in breach trends implies that even strengthened protections and additional guidelines have not effectively curbed the rising number of affected individuals. Through qualitative analysis, we identified 15 unique values and associated best practices from industry standards.

Conclusions

Combining quantitative and qualitative insights, we propose the “SecureSphere framework” to enhance data security in health care institutions. This framework presents key security values structured in concentric circles: core values at the center and peripheral values around them. The core values include employee management, policy, procedures, and IT management. Peripheral values encompass the remaining security attributes that support these core elements. This structured approach provides a comprehensive security strategy for protecting patient health information and is designed to help health care organizations develop sustainable practices for data security.
Use of SNOMED CT in Large Language Models: Scoping Review
Authors: Chang Eunsuk , Sung Sumi
Published: September 2024

Background

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced natural language processing (NLP) capabilities but often struggle with knowledge-driven tasks in specialized domains such as biomedicine. Integrating biomedical knowledge sources such as SNOMED CT into LLMs may enhance their performance on biomedical tasks. However, the methodologies and effectiveness of incorporating SNOMED CT into LLMs have not been systematically reviewed.

Objective

This scoping review aims to examine how SNOMED CT is integrated into LLMs, focusing on (1) the types and components of LLMs being integrated with SNOMED CT, (2) which contents of SNOMED CT are being integrated, and (3) whether this integration improves LLM performance on NLP tasks.

Methods

Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we searched ACM Digital Library, ACL Anthology, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Embase for relevant studies published from 2018 to 2023. Studies were included if they incorporated SNOMED CT into LLM pipelines for natural language understanding or generation tasks. Data on LLM types, SNOMED CT integration methods, end tasks, and performance metrics were extracted and synthesized.

Results

The review included 37 studies. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and its biomedical variants were the most commonly used LLMs. Three main approaches for integrating SNOMED CT were identified: (1) incorporating SNOMED CT into LLM inputs (28/37, 76%), primarily using concept descriptions to expand training corpora; (2) integrating SNOMED CT into additional fusion modules (5/37, 14%); and (3) using SNOMED CT as an external knowledge retriever during inference (5/37, 14%). The most frequent end task was medical concept normalization (15/37, 41%), followed by entity extraction or typing and classification. While most studies (17/19, 89%) reported performance improvements after SNOMED CT integration, only a small fraction (19/37, 51%) provided direct comparisons. The reported gains varied widely across different metrics and tasks, ranging from 0.87% to 131.66%. However, some studies showed either no improvement or a decline in certain performance metrics.

Conclusions

This review demonstrates diverse approaches for integrating SNOMED CT into LLMs, with a focus on using concept descriptions to enhance biomedical language understanding and generation. While the results suggest potential benefits of SNOMED CT integration, the lack of standardized evaluation methods and comprehensive performance reporting hinders definitive conclusions about its effectiveness. Future research should prioritize consistent reporting of performance comparisons and explore more sophisticated methods for incorporating SNOMED CT’s relational structure into LLMs. In addition, the biomedical NLP community should develop standardized evaluation frameworks to better assess the impact of ontology integration on LLM performance.
Subtypes of Dyslexia and the Current Status of Morphemic Awareness Interventions
Authors: Song Limin , Mao* Rongjian
Published: September 2024

This paper summarizes and analyses the subtypes of dyslexia, and finds that the major frameworks for dyslexia research, both in alphabetic writing system and Chinese, include three areas of delineation based on reading model theory, basic perceptual deficits, and cognitive-linguistic deficits. Then describes how morphemic awareness is measured, and the current state of research on morphemic awareness interventions for dyslexia was reviewed, and it was found that morphemic awareness instructional interventions are better, and the content of the interventions varies across researchers and subjects. Future interventions for children with dyslexia may consider the use of targeted instructional interventions for morphemic awareness.
The Bravery of Vietnamese Intellectuals before and after Ad through Historical Documents
Authors: Lý Nguyễn Công , Dung Nguyễn Công Thanh
Published: September 2024

Vietnam was colonized (dominated) by feudal China for more than a thousand years. Despite their status as colonized people in a dependent country, there were many intellectuals who passed the exam and served as mandarins for Chinese dynasties. These elite intellectuals had a very high national consciousness and great courage. When given the opportunity, they were willing to fight with the Chinese emperors to demand the right to be treated equally. This is a completely new problem, no researchers at home or abroad have yet studied it. Based on the documents recorded in ancient histories and ancient books of China and Vietnam, this article will go deeper to confirm the bravery and mettle of Vietnam's elite intellectuals before the royal court China in the centuries before and after Christ.
Proteomics Analysis Suggests Mitochondria Disorders and Cell Death Lead to Spaghetti Meat Myopathy
Authors: Shakeri Majid , Choi Janghan , Kong Byungwhi , Zhuang Hong , Bowker Brian
Published: September 2024

Spaghetti meat (SM) is a myopathy that affects the structural integrity of pectoralis major muscles in broilers and accounts for decreased meat acceptability and significant economic losses for the industry. The causative mechanisms have not been as extensively investigated as other myopathies such as wooden breast. Proteomics analysis allows for the investigation alterations in muscle composition. The aim of this study was to investigate proteins related to mitochondria function in SM using proteomics analysis. Severe SM and normal pectoralis major were collected from a broiler processing plant. The analysis identified 1903 proteins. Results suggested that SM exhibited greater cellular stress and cell death as evidenced by increased N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1, plastin 3, ribosomal protein L10, and calnexin (FDR < 0.05 for all). Increased cell stress potentially impacted nonsense meditated decay pathway (eliminates mRNA containing premature translation termination codons). The SM myopathy downregulated several compounds related to mitochondria function and glucose metabolism pathways including basic leucine zipper and w2 domains 2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B, pyruvate kinase L/R, thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase mitochondrial, enolase 3, creatine kinase mitochondrial 2, succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha1, calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1, and complement 1q binding protein C (FDR < 0.05 for all), indicating a disruption in energy production and cell health. Current results suggested that SM impaired energy production and mitochondria function and elevated cell death. Although this study provides valuable information regarding possible mechanisms involved in the SM myopathy, further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanisms and their connections to other vital pathways.
Cooking Temperature and Hold Time Affect Beef Brisket Textural Properties and Cooking Yield
Authors: Kerth Chris R. , Wall Kayley R. , Grayson-Holter Adria
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to determine whether holding beef briskets after smoking would improve textural properties and cooking yield compared to those that were not held at the endpoint temperature. We hypothesized that cooking and holding briskets at lower endpoint temperatures would maintain textural properties and improve yield compared to cooking to a higher endpoint temperature. To test this hypothesis, USDA Choice beef briskets (n = 96; 2 lots x 6/batch x 4 temperatures x 2 hold times) were selected from 2 separate lots at a commercial processing plant. Briskets (both muscles were left connected in each brisket) were cooked in batches of 6, and each batch was randomly assigned an internal endpoint temperature of 75, 80, 85, or 90°C and hold time of 0 or 3 h at each internal temperature, respectively. A flop test was conducted to test the flexibility of the cooked brisket at each temperature/hold time combination. Endpoint temperature and hold time affected brisket tenderness differently between the superficial pectoral (flat) and deep pectoral (point) muscles (P < 0.05). Compared to 90°C with a 3 h hold, briskets cooked to 85°C with a 3 h hold achieved enhanced yield (56.0% vs. 59.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) without sacrificing desirable objective tenderness attributes. Briskets cooked to 75°C with a 0 h hold had the least (P < 0.05) collagen solubility in both the flat and point (12.88% and 9.81%, respectively). The greatest (P < 0.05) collagen solubility was observed in the flat of briskets cooked to 85°C with 3 h hold or 90°C and either 0 or 3 h hold. Extending the end of the briskets off the edge of a tabletop determined brisket doneness by having an angle of less than 45° between the horizontal table surface and the brisket extended off the table (P < 0.05). Cooking and holding briskets at lower endpoint temperatures improved yield while maintaining positive textural properties.
Analysis of ERP Based Framework Expert Opinion in Early Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Kumar Prasanna , Yadav Dr. Kamdeo Prasad
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The software industry necessitates early prediction of software defects for effective quality assessment and resource allocation. During the initial stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC), failure data is often unavailable. Consequently, the insights of domain experts can be crucial in estimating potential software defects during these early phases. This paper introduces a model designed to forecast software defects prior to the testing phase, emphasizing the structure of the software development process. The model is developed using metrics derived from early artifacts of the SDLC. The development and experimental aspects of the model are presented through the application of a Bayesian belief network (BBN). The qualitative aspects of software metrics, along with expert opinions, form the core of this methodology. To demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach, ten datasets from real software projects have been utilized. The analysis and validation of predicted software defects, based on varying levels of uncertainty from domain experts, are compared against actual defect occurrences.
Socio-Cultural Life of the Didayi Community in Malkangiri District of Odisha
Authors: Gudia Jyotiranjan , Pattnaik Dr. Tusarkant
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The Didayi tribe, recognized as one of India's Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), inhabits the remote Malkangiri district of Odisha. Known for their distinct socio-cultural practices, the Didayi have preserved a way of life that is intricately tied to their natural surroundings and deeply rooted in tradition. This paper aims to explore and document the sociocultural life of the Didayi, focusing on their social structures, totemic beliefs, rituals, and oral traditions. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these practices have evolved over time, the role they play in maintaining social cohesion, and the ways in which the Didayi have adapted to external pressures while striving to preserve their cultural identity. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the broader discourse on the preservation of indigenous cultures in India, particularly in the context of rapid socio-economic changes. By examining the Didayi's socio-cultural life, the paper sheds light on the resilience of their traditions and the challenges they face in balancing cultural preservation with the need for modern development. The study concludes that while the Didayi have successfully retained many aspects of their traditional socio-cultural life, they are increasingly confronted with the need to adapt to changing circumstances. The paper calls for a nuanced understanding of these dynamics and emphasizes the importance of supporting the Didayi in preserving their cultural heritage while enabling them to thrive in a modernizing world
AI-Driven FlightOps: Revolutionizing Airline Operations Control with Predictive Analytics and NLP
Authors: Srinath Chandan , Srivastava Sakshi
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Flight operations control centers (OCCs) are the nerve centers of airline operations, tasked with managing a wide range of activities such as flight scheduling, crew assignments, maintenance coordination, and dealing with disruptions. While traditional approaches have relied heavily on human decision-making and manual analysis of operational data, the increasing complexity of modern airline operations demands more efficient solutions. This paper presents FlightOps AI, a cutting-edge AIpowered system that integrates advanced natural language processing (NLP), deep neural networks (DNNs), reinforcement learning (RL), and computer vision to provide OCC staff with actionable insights and predictive capabilities. The system processes massive amounts of structured and unstructured data in real time, enabling smarter decision-making and automation of routine tasks. By adopting these technologies, FlightOps AI transforms the operational landscape, optimizing airline performance while minimizing human errors
Supervised, Unsupervised Learning Methods in Data Mining: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sivasankari S. , Sukumaran Dr. S.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Data mining is the area of computational science consider as the subset of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning that concentrate on cognizing patterns and structures in data to promote learning, analyzing, and decision making beyond human interaction. In simplest term, data mining allows the user to feed data mining algorithms on an immense amount of data and then make the computer to make data-driven recommendations and decisions based on the input or training data. Data is the essential component of all business. Data mining with supervised and unsupervised methods is the key to unlock the value of business data and keep ahead of the competition. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on Data mining process, supervised, unsupervised methods, through a survey of literature considering the significant research areas using classification, clustering, and association rule mining.
Bioplastics from Waste Biomass: Paving the Way for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Phillip Akash
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Bioplastics originating from waste biomass present a viable remedy to the environmental dilemmas associated with traditional plastics, thereby reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating carbon emissions. This review investigates the utilization of diverse waste biomass sources, encompassing agricultural residues, food waste, industrial by-products, municipal solid waste, and forest biomass residues, in the synthesis of bioplastics. Technological innovations in feedstock pretreatment, bioconversion methodologies, and polymerization techniques have markedly enhanced the efficiency and material characteristics of bioplastics, establishing them as formidable alternatives to petroleum-derived plastics. Notwithstanding these advancements, obstacles such as feedstock inconsistency, scalability issues, technological limitations, and consumer acceptance persistently impede the extensive adoption of bioplastics. The ecological advantages of bioplastics, particularly concerning their diminished carbon footprint and potential for biodegradability, are underscored through life cycle assessments (LCAs). Government policies, the increasing market demand for sustainable products, and advancements in emerging technologies, including synthetic biology and AI-enhanced process optimization, are propelling the commercialization of bioplastics derived from waste biomass. The incorporation of bioplastics within a circular economy framework, coupled with considerations for long-term sustainability, positions them as a pivotal element in fostering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. This review offers a thorough examination of the present landscape, challenges, and future prospects of bioplastics production from waste biomass.
The neglect of protection for undocumented Migrant Workers within the framework of Human Rights Law
Authors: Rahayu Devi , Supaat Dina Imam , Yusuf Mirna
Published: September 2024

The safeguarding of fundamental rights for undocumented migrant workers represents a critical challenge that necessitates immediate attention. This article addresses the oversight within the human rights discourse regarding the fundamental rights of undocumented migrant workers. Through empirical normative research, incorporating a comprehensive review of normative literature, this study critically examines the regulations affecting migrant workers through the lens of human rights. It identifies a significant correlation between the lack of protective guarantees for undocumented migrant workers and the various cases and consequences that ensue. From a human rights perspective, regulations prioritize equality before the law, protection, and anti-discrimination. This stance contrasts with existing laws that govern Indonesian migrant workers, wherein protection is exclusively extended to those legally recognized. Such exclusivity denies undocumented migrant workers the assurance of their fundamental rights. Arguably, the provision of basic rights and protections should be indiscriminately extended to all migrant workers, irrespective of their legal status. While the specifics of migrant worker placement can still be regulated concerning requirements, processes, involved parties, and responsibilities, these regulations must not infringe upon the fundamental human rights of individuals. Consequently, this paper advocates for a thorough evaluation of current legislation with respect to its content, the comprehension of involved stakeholders, and the practical implementation of regulations concerning the management of migrant workers.
Rehabilitation of a Cracked Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Mathew Kshema , Rao H Murali , Prasad B S Keshava
Published: September 2024

A cracked tooth is a tooth in which there exists a partial or complete fracture of a stress plane. The prevalence of cracked teeth is relatively more in patients over 40 years of age. The incidence of cracks or incomplete tooth fracture with vital pulps is 9.7%. The average biting loads in humans range from 45.7kg/mm2 (males) to 36.4kg/mm2 (females) and the force ratio between molars, premolars, and incisors is 4:2:1 respectively.  
A tooth stress plane results from occlusal forces that are commonly imposed on that tooth. This may cause an instance of higher energy to occur within the stress plane during masticatory cycle. The functional prognosis and periodontal treatment requirements of a cracked or incompletely fractured tooth depend on the location and amount of tooth structure intersected along with involvement in the stress plane.
This case report highlights the diagnosis and management of a cracked maxillary first molar and identifies the prognostic indicators, which are largely dependent on the extent of the fracture within the tooth structure.
Keywords: Crack tooth; Orthodontic banding; Ribbond; Bite test; Transillumination
CT-Assisted Management with Biodentine Obturation and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of a Geminated Maxillary Central Incisor with Mid-Root Fracture: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mittal Neelam , Aggarwal Harshitaa , Kharat Shubham , Sharma Shelly , Thangamuthu Thivyashankari , Ayubi Aiyman , Samad Silviya
Published: September 2024

Gemination, a rare aberration in tooth development, results from the incomplete division of one tooth germ into two. In this case report, a true geminated permanent maxillary central incisor tooth with a horizontal mid-root fracture is successfully treated by non-surgical endodontic treatment. To elucidate the intricate root canal anatomy of this rare geminated incisor, we employed computed tomography imaging technology, enhancing our understanding of this complex case. Utilizing biodentine for obturation proved pivotal, as its capacity to accelerate reparative dentin formation facilitated prompt healing, particularly beneficial in fracture cases. This was followed by aesthetic rehabilitation to achieve a pleasing mesio-distal dimension for both the central incisors using a  zirconia-reinforced porcelain crowns.
Keywords: Computed Tomography (CT), Gemination, Horizontal root fracture, Biodentine Obturation
Exploring the Efficacy of Natural Biomaterials in Endodontics
Authors: THOMAS ELIZABETH , Rao H Murali , Prasad B S Keshava , Suman C
Published: September 2024

Endodontic therapy aims for thorough disinfection and three-dimensional filling of the root canal system, a goal often challenged by the complexity of root canal morphology. Traditional chemical irrigants and intracanal medicaments, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hydroxide (CaOH2), are effective but can be cytotoxic and cause detrimental effects on periapical tissues and radicular dentin. Increasing antibiotic resistance and the adverse effects of synthetic agents have spurred interest in natural phytochemicals as alternatives. These phytochemicals exhibit promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and chelating properties, making them viable candidates for root canal irrigation, intracanal medicaments, and smear layer removal. The agents reviewed include Terminalia chebula [Triphala], Camellia sinensis [Green Tea] , Curcuma longa  [Turmeric],  Glycyrrhiza glabra  [Liquorice],  Propolis,  Melaleuca alternifolia  [Tea Tree Oil], Azadirachta indica [Neem] etc. These biomaterials have been studied in various combinations and against a variety of common intraoral bacteria like Enterococcus Faecalis. However, most of the conducted researches are in-vitro studies such as agar diffusion test. Despite their potential, there is a need for further comprehensive clinical and experimental studies to fully evaluate their biocompatibility, safety, and effectiveness compared to conventional treatments. This review aims to underscores the necessity of rigorous research and standardization protocols to confidently employ herbal extracts in endodontic practice.
Keywords: Endodntic irrigants, Herbal irrigants, Intracanal medicaments, antibacterial, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera
Pregnancy Related Medication Prescription Patterns
Authors: Amaravadi Divya , Guptha Sravya , Tadikonda Rama Rao
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Drug use during pregnancy presents significant challenges due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with potential adverse effects on the fetus. The USFDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) categorizes drugs from A to X based on their safety in pregnancy, guiding appropriate drug use.  Hence, this research aimed to assess rationality in prescription pattern and to identify commonly prescribed medications in pregnant women.
Methodology: A pilot prospective observational study was conducted for three months at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad. Women of any gestational age willing to participate voluntarily were included in study while non-pregnancy cases and cases with incomplete data were excluded. Data collection focused on demographics, medical history, and prescribed medications. Prescription pattern was analyzed using WHO (World Health Organization) core prescribing indicators and USFDA pregnancy drug-risk categories.
Results: Study highlighted the prevalence of anemia in 50% of pregnant women making it a possible factor for complications like premature birth and low birth weight if untreated. Majority of prescribed medications belong to Category B. Among 70 prescriptions, average number of drugs per prescription was 5.857 which was excess. Supplemental drug use accounted for 40.97% of the 410 prescription drugs, 168 drugs, and 242 drugs (59.024%) of the non-supplemental drugs prescribed.
Conclusion: Study emphasizes importance of supplemental drug use which was found to be deficient in the prescriptions. It is necessary for the well-being of mother and growth of fetus. Findings provide healthcare professionals with insights into current prescribing practices, aiming to enhance rational drug use in pregnancy.
Keywords: Pregnancy; USFDA drug risk category; prescription pattern.
Improving Cognitive Function: Blood Transfusions and Neurological Benefits in HIV Management
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to affect a significant number of individuals despite the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review explores the potential benefits of blood transfusions in improving cognitive function among HIV patients. Blood transfusions, primarily used to treat anemia, can enhance oxygen delivery to the brain, thereby ameliorating cognitive deficits. Anemia is a common comorbidity in HIV, and its correction through blood transfusions has been associated with improvements in attention, memory, and executive function. Beyond addressing anemia, blood transfusions may also offer neuroprotective effects by modulating systemic inflammation. Chronic inflammation, a hallmark of HIV infection, contributes significantly to neurocognitive decline. By reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood transfusions can potentially mitigate neuroinflammation and protect against neuronal damage. Clinical studies have shown that HIV patients receiving blood transfusions for anemia management exhibit slower cognitive decline, suggesting a broader role for transfusions in preserving neurological health. While promising, the use of blood transfusions in HIV management must be carefully considered due to associated risks such as transfusion reactions and iron overload.
Keywords: HIV, cognitive function, blood transfusions, neurological benefits, neurocognitive disorders
Improved Wound Healing: The Healing Power of Blood Transfusions for Individuals with HIV
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Wound healing in individuals with HIV is often compromised due to impaired immune function, chronic inflammation, and common comorbidities like anemia. Blood transfusions, traditionally used to manage anemia, have shown promise in enhancing wound healing through multiple mechanisms. This review explores the role of blood transfusions in improving wound healing for HIV-positive patients, focusing on their impact on oxygen delivery, immune modulation, inflammation reduction, and tissue repair. By restoring adequate hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions can improve oxygenation, support cellular metabolism, and promote collagen synthesis and angiogenesis, all crucial for effective wound healing. In addition to addressing anemia, blood transfusions may offer broader benefits, including the modulation of immune responses and the reduction of systemic inflammation. These effects can create a more favorable environment for wound healing, helping to mitigate prolonged inflammation and tissue damage commonly seen in HIV-positive individuals. Clinical studies and case reports have highlighted significant improvements in wound healing outcomes following transfusion therapy, underscoring its potential as a complementary intervention in HIV care.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, HIV, immune response, wound healing,
The Relationship Between Compliance in Taking Anti Tuberculosis Drugs and the Results of Acid-Fast Bacteria (AFB) Examination as an Indicator of Recovery of TB Patients in Tanjung Pinang City in 2022-2023
Authors: Lestari Diah , Tobing Ida Hartati Lumban , Djajaningrat Husyain , Kemalasari Fitria
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a treatment period of 6 to 8 months. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can become germ resistant or multidrug resistance (MDR) if you do not comply in taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD), making this disease very difficult to cure. This research uses secondary data from the Tanjung Pinang City Population Control and Family Planning Health Service for 2022-2023. The aim is to determine the relationship between compliance in taking Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) and the results of acid-fast bacteria (AFB) examinations of TB patients in Tanjung Pinang City. The research methodology was observational analytic using a cross-sectional design, with a total sampling technique from pulmonary TB patients with positive AFB, negative AFB with positive thorax and extrapulmonary, 252 TB patients. Data analysis used the Fisher Exact test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of data analysis showed that 91.3% of patients complied in taking drugs, and 87.3% recovered with negative AFB results. Fisher Exact analysis showed a significant difference in proportion between compliance in taking anti-tuberculosis drugs and the results of AFB examination of pulmonary TB patients with a p-value of 0.000 (p < ∝0.05). The conclusion from this study is that there is a relationship between compliance in taking anti-tuberculosis drugs and the results of AFB examinations of pulmonary TB patients in Tanjung Pinang City in 2022-2023.
Keywords: Pulmonary TB, ATD, (AFB), Ziehl Neelsen
Mitigating the Impact of HIV on Organ Function: Blood Transfusions as a Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) significantly impacts organ function, leading to various complications that can adversely affect the health and quality of life of individuals living with the virus. This review explores the multifaceted effects of HIV on organ systems, including the cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and pulmonary functions, and highlights the potential of blood transfusions as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate these adverse effects. Blood transfusions can effectively address anemia—a common complication in HIV-positive individuals—enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues and improving overall organ function. Additionally, blood transfusions may exert immune-modulating effects, contributing to improved immune responses and potentially reducing the risk of opportunistic infections. This review discusses clinical evidence supporting the benefits of blood transfusions in enhancing organ function and quality of life among HIV-positive patients. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and considerations associated with transfusion therapy, emphasizing the importance of individualized patient assessments and coordinated care strategies.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, HIV, immune response, organ function
Reducing Hospitalization Rates: The Preventive Benefits of Blood Transfusions in HIV Care
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Hospitalization rates among individuals living with HIV remain a significant challenge due to various complications, including opportunistic infections, anemia, and comorbidities. This review article explores the preventive benefits of blood transfusions as a strategic intervention in reducing hospitalization rates in HIV care. By correcting anemia, enhancing oxygen delivery, and improving overall health status, blood transfusions can play a vital role in preventing adverse health outcomes that often lead to hospitalization. We discuss the mechanisms through which transfusions provide these benefits, supported by clinical evidence and the implications for comprehensive HIV management. The role of blood transfusions extends beyond mere therapeutic intervention for severe anemia; they are increasingly recognized for their potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. By alleviating symptoms of anemia, enhancing organ function, and supporting immune responses, transfusions can contribute significantly to the health and well-being of individuals living with HIV. Clinical evidence indicates that timely blood transfusions can lead to fewer hospitalizations, better treatment outcomes, and overall improved health status.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, HIV, hospitalization rates, preventive care
Preventing Complications in Children: Blood Transfusions in Pediatric HIV Management
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Children living with HIV face unique challenges that significantly impact their health and development, with anemia being one of the most prevalent complications. Blood transfusions have emerged as a vital therapeutic intervention for managing anemia in pediatric HIV patients, providing immediate correction of hemoglobin levels and alleviating debilitating symptoms. This review explores the role of blood transfusions in preventing complications associated with HIV, emphasizing their importance in improving health outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for affected children. The mechanisms through which blood transfusions confer benefits include enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues, improved immune function, and support for growth and development. Clinical evidence highlights the effectiveness of transfusions in reducing hospitalization rates and promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Furthermore, integrating blood transfusions into comprehensive care models fosters a multidisciplinary approach that addresses the medical, nutritional, and psychosocial needs of pediatric patients, ensuring a holistic management strategy.
Keywords: Pediatrics, HIV, blood transfusions, anemia, immune function, HIV management
Addressing Sleep Disturbances: Blood Transfusions and Improved Sleep Patterns in HIV Patients
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Sleep disturbances are prevalent among individuals living with HIV, significantly impacting their quality of life and overall health. This review explores the relationship between anemia, fatigue, and sleep quality in HIV patients, highlighting the potential role of blood transfusions as an effective intervention for mitigating sleep disturbances. Blood transfusions improve hemoglobin levels, enhance oxygen delivery, and alleviate fatigue, which may contribute to better sleep patterns in this population. The mechanisms through which blood transfusions can improve sleep quality include enhanced oxygenation, reduction of inflammation, and modulation of immune responses. By addressing anemia and its associated symptoms, blood transfusions may foster an environment conducive to restful sleep, ultimately supporting the physical and mental well-being of individuals living with HIV. Integrating blood transfusions into comprehensive HIV care strategies is crucial for optimizing health outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach that includes ongoing assessment and tailored interventions can help manage anemia, improve sleep quality, and enhance overall quality of life for patients.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, fatigue, HIV, sleep disturbances,
Improving Exercise Tolerance: Blood Transfusions and Physical Well-being in HIV Patients
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Individuals living with HIV often experience reduced exercise tolerance due to anemia, fatigue, and muscle deconditioning, significantly impacting their quality of life. Blood transfusions emerge as a critical intervention to improve physical well-being by increasing hemoglobin levels and enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues. This review article explores the mechanisms by which blood transfusions positively influence exercise tolerance in HIV patients, highlighting the physiological benefits of improved oxygenation and energy levels, which facilitate greater participation in physical activities. In addition to the physiological benefits, enhanced exercise tolerance can lead to psychological improvements, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression commonly faced by individuals with HIV. Engaging in physical activities fosters a sense of accomplishment and boosts self-esteem, creating a positive feedback loop that encourages a more active lifestyle. This multifaceted approach underscores the importance of integrating blood transfusion therapy into comprehensive HIV care to support both physical and mental health.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, exercise tolerance, HIV, physical well-being
Reducing Viral Load Impact: Blood Transfusions as a Complementary Approach in HIV Treatment
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: September 2024

Blood transfusions have traditionally been associated with the management of anemia in individuals living with HIV; however, their potential role as a complementary approach in reducing viral load impact is gaining attention. This review explores how blood transfusions can enhance immune function, improve oxygen delivery, and support the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART), thereby contributing to better health outcomes for patients. By addressing complications associated with HIV, such as anemia and immune dysfunction, blood transfusions may play a crucial role in optimizing treatment strategies and enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals living with the virus. The relationship between viral load and immune function is critical in HIV management, as high viral loads are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Blood transfusions can mitigate the negative effects of viral load by improving the physiological conditions necessary for an effective immune response. Enhanced oxygenation from transfusions supports immune cell proliferation and activity, potentially leading to better control of viral replication and lower viral load levels. Moreover, improving hemoglobin levels through transfusions can reduce fatigue, increase treatment adherence, and promote active participation in ART.
Keywords: anemia, blood transfusions, HIV, immune response, viral load
Assessment of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Asymptomatic Patients Attending Muhoza Health Center
Authors: ALAIN PRUDENCE ISHIMWE , Jean de Dieu TUYISHIME , Consolee UWAMAHORO , Godefroid NZEYIMANA , Hiberte MIGABO
Published: September 2024

Background: H. pylori, is a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the gastric mucous lining and the epithelial tissue of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori strains infections can lead to several diseases such as duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and autoimmune diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of     H. pylori infection and risk factors associated with H. pylori in asymptomatic participants attending Muhoza health center
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13th September to 13th October. Stool samples from 60 eligible participants were collected in sterile containers and they were immunoserologicaly analysed. Rapid tests were used to detect H. pylori antigens. A liquid in the testing kit was mixed with a small portion of the stool. The mixture was poured to the sample hole on the rapid test which displayed results. Data regarding risk factors were collected using questionnaires and were analyzed statistically using SPSS 20.
Results: The prevalence of H. pylori  infection was 37%. Females were more affected than males, with 25% and 12% respectively. Age, education, source of water and household population were significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori with p-values < 0.05. The study was limited since it was one health center based, hence not having large representative population.
Conclusion: Education of the population about prevention of the infection, supply clean, treated  water for home usage and drinking, are recommended to the local government authorities in Musanze. Screening for H.  pylori infection, good adherence on antibiotics against H. pylori, hand washing, and proper household settings to reduce crowding issue  are  recommended. Further researches  are recommended for more conclusive results.
Keywords: H.  pylori infection, risk factors, stomach, asymptomatic.