bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TERRORISM AND ECONOMY
Authors: Киреев Михаил , Kireev Mikhail , Тагиров Зуфар , Tagirov Zufar
Published: March 2017

The article analyzes some aspects of the financial foundations of modern terrorism, considers sources of funding terrorist organization and movements, highlights the factors affecting the development of this phenomenon, presents the author´s view on the issue of "terrorist" finances. The authors substantiate that economic factors are the terrorism foundation, in this regard terrorist activity as an economic category is considered in two aspects: financing of separated terrorist acts and in general the terrorist ideology and practice. Some of the "traditional" options for the legalization of criminal incomes by terrorists are described. The specifics of terrorist economy as rule is that criminals for illegal activity usually get income in the form of cash. However, traditional use of cash for terrorist purposes in the current conditions takes second place and supplanted by developing non-cash financial instruments. The article distinguishes the financial and organizational factors that are favorable for terrorist activities, analyzes connection and interaction of terrorism and economic and financial spheres from the perspective of the "violent entrepreneurship" theory. Violent entrepreneurship is defined as a set of solutions and strategies, allowing to convert permanently an organized force in the cash income and other benefits that have market value. The authors offer the three-stage financial model of a terrorist attack. The first stage is advancement of political, economic and other requirements with the threat to paralyze the whole economic system of the country in case of their failure. The second stage includes demonstrational attack (or its threat) to a single economic structure and paralyzation of its actions. The third stage is repetition of requirements in a more rigid form relying on the effect of real or possible demonstration of force. In conclusion, the authors forecasts the future economic goals of global terrorism. Currently, the problem of financial and economic terrorism cannot be separated from the information, and in the future, information terrorism will focus on the global economy.
ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE BANKING PRODUCTS
Authors: Масленников Анатолий , Maslennikov Anatoliy , Масленникова Надежда , Maslennikova Nadezhda
Published: March 2017

Many banks are successfully working in the conditions of growing competition and declining profitability; they are looking for new options to increase the number of their customers, reduce operating costs and improve the efficiency of operations. Medium-sized and large banks, which, as a rule, have numerous and very costly structure, with great difficulty manage to fulfill these requirements. The solution of this problem is possible through the development and introduction of innovative banking products and the provision of modern banking services. Creation of innovative banking products and services –it is the transition from the focusing on the mandatory adherence to applicable regulations, centralized management and the priority of the executive to the orientation on a customer, decentralized management and technology deserted. Creation of innovative banking products and services - is the transition from the orientation to the mandatory adherence to applicable regulations, centralized management and the priority of an executive to orientation on the customer, decentralized management and untended technologies. The main prerequisites for the development of innovative banking products are: individual approach to customers, the development of information and communication technologies, and the active introduction of self-service. Innovative banking products are significantly less time-consuming for the use of bank employees’ work, but functionally more flexible and profitable; the strategy of commercial banks is built based on them. Creation of innovative banking products and services - it is: 1) a definite step in the development of banking technologies, aimed at building a modern strategy of commercial banks; 2) a new organization of interaction with the client in the delivery of banking services. The concept of creation of innovative banking products and services include the following principles: implementation of responsibility decentralization to the level of additional office; development of intra-entrepreneurship; development of customer-oriented organizational structure; decentralization of work leading to the integration of strategic and operational liability; the introduction of material incentives for the individual activity results on a contract basis; development of self-service based on the complex of automated banking devices and information technologies. Implementation of these principles will lead to the direct process of introduction of innovative banking products and services, and focuses the bank employees on meeting customer needs.
WAYS OF INTERACTION OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Хаустов Владимир , Khaustov Vladimir
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the development of higher education system in the interests of modernization of the country´s economy.

The author considers the negative trends affecting the development of the national economy, in particular, unfavorable demographic situation, labour aging.

The article shows a well-established model of the educational process, which cannot be used without change in these circumstances. The author presents the renovated model and technology of the learning process of higher education experts, which should be action-oriented and remain professional, and analyzes the necessary conditions for the implementation of the proposed model.

An important feature of training in the intensive growth of the economy should be the cooperation of the teaching staff of educational institutions with technical staff, experts of enterprises and organizations - consumers of prepared graduates.

Today employers´ requirements to future specialists are increasing. This makes it necessary to improve the quality of interaction between educational institutions and industrial organizations. The author recommends to extend the information communications of educational institutions with interacting companies and organizations, and offers some ways to improve the quality of training specialist through direct interaction with employers and changes in the system of relations between teacher and student.
TECHNICAL CONDITION ANALYSIS OF SAINT-PETERSBURG OPERATED REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Белый  , Belyy Andrey
Published: March 2017

St. Petersburg possesses a large number of bridge constructions operated throughout a long time. Mainly these are objects made of reinforced concrete. Among bridges of the city there is a set of unique constructions. Specifics of bridges maintenance in megalopolis environment are characterized by difficult climatic and technogenic conditions. It causes emergence and development of numerous defects and damages in designs. For development of scientifically based techniques of assessment and forecasting of technical condition of the operated bridge constructions (in particular, reinforced concrete) the authentic and urgent analysis of this state is necessary. It is possible to execute it, having formulated the corresponding criteria and methods of assessment, and also having created a certain methodology of the analysis, as it is executed in the present article. Six evaluation criteria on which it is possible to carry out complex diagnostics of bridges of St. Petersburg are designated. Results of the analysis confirm need of special approaches to operation of megalopolises bridges park and also on a large number of constructions with extremely unsatisfactory technical condition.
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE POLYMER REINFORCEMENT IN REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGNS
Authors: Полоз  , Poloz Maksim , Фролов  , Frolov Nikolay , Ноурузи  , Nouruzi Mokhammad
Published: March 2017

The article reviewed the experience with the application of non-metallic composite polymer reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. It is revealed, that in Russia composite polymer reinforcement is a relatively new building material, large-scale production and implementation of which begins to be just now. The analysis showed that the perception of usefulness of composite polymer reinforcement only in prestressed reinforced concrete constructions is incorrect positioning on the field of application. In bringing together the interests of researchers, design institutes, manufacturers and consumers composite polymer reinforcement importance of Association of organizations for the production and application of non-metallic reinforcement and products «Non-metallic composite reinforcement».
CUSTOMER FOCUS IN COMPANIES OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Демененко  , Demenenko Inna , Шавырина  , Shavyrina Irina
Published: March 2017

Transformation of socio-economic relations, the accelerated development of production systems, introduction of innovative technologies, the development of the economy of excess supply, the reorientation of the development strategy of the organization in a situation of unstable market necessitates the introduction of the company´s customer-oriented approach. This approach is seen as a particular concept of the construction business, including the complex of the actions directed on satisfaction and shaping customer needs (end users and Resellers), implemented at all levels and focused on innovative (proactive) development with the aim of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.
Sovereign Equality of States in the System of Basic Principles of International Law
Authors: Tiunov Olyeg
Published: March 2017

In the article have defined of the role of the principle of the sovereign equality of the states in the system of the principles of international law. The contemporary of the signs of the sovereign equality became aparent the grand total of the development of the international law. Its substance development was under the influence of the different history formations. The Charter of the United Nations there is the basic document of the contemporaneity in which has sealed the principle of the sovereign equality of the states as the part of the system of the principals the modern international law. The legal signs of the sovereignty appears on the supreme sovereignty within the limits of the state, and they must be independence of the state in the international relations. The basic principles of international law there are interdependence. They must be conform to the context each other.
Understanding of Presumptions as a Basis of their Effective Application (in Searching of Civil Law Features)
Authors: Bulayevskiy Boris
Published: March 2017

The problem of inefficient application of presumptions in legal protection of participants of legal relations interests correlates to absence of unique model of determination of presumptions in doctrine and law-enforcement practice. The authors approach to determination of presumptions is analyzed in the article. It serves as a basis for valuation of possibility of branch features of presumptions implementation constitution.
Constitutional Principles and Interaction of International and Domestic Law
Authors: Osminin Boris
Published: March 2017

The article highlights the different approaches of states in implementation of international law in their municipal realm. As a general rule, international law leaves states free to implement their international obligations in a way they see fit. A distinction is made between customary international law and treaty rules of international law in the practice of states. There exists a general duty for states to bring national law into conformity with their international obligations or to fulfil these obligations in another ways. In this regard all that international law provides is that states cannot invoke the provisions of their internal law as a justification for not complying with their international obligations. There is no international regulation as to how national systems are to give effect to international law rules. As a consequence each state decides on its own, how to make international law binding and what status and rank in the hierarchy of municipal sources of law assign to it. A survey of national systems shows a complete lack of uniformity. The article analyses provisions of Article 15(4) of the 1993 Russian Constitution which provides that “generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation shall be an integral part of its legal system. If other rules have been established by an international treaty of the Russian Federation than provided for by a law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply”.
The Concept of "Just War" in Contemporary International Law
Authors: Sazonova Kira
Published: March 2017

The aims and goals of war have drastically changed during the recent decades. The prohibition of the use of force fixed in the Charter of the United Nations became a real challenge to many states. Nevertheless, we observe regular use of force in international relations. Though "classic" interstate wars became rather rare, the states continue to solve their political problems by exploiting the armed forces. In these circumstances it is problematic to explain the use of force from the legal point. That is why we talk so much about "preventive self-defence", "humanitarian intervention", "the responsibility to protect" and some other controversial concepts. One of the most disputable among them is a "just war" concept, which has practically not been analyzed in our domestic doctrine. However, the western school of international law is actively implementing precisely the legal dimension of the "just war" concept. Of course, the concept itself is extremely political, but the consequences of its practical implementation may have a great impact on contemporary international law, as it tries to legitimize the use of force in circumvention of the Charter of the United Nations. Because of the huge importance of the question, the analysis of the concept seems extremely actual.
History of Development of Legislation on Reclamation of Lands in Russia
Authors: Pysheva Elena
Published: March 2017

The article highlights the milestones of formation of the Russian legislation in the field of land reclamation. It gives the author’s periodization of the development of reclamation legislation of postrevolutionary Russia, with allocation of her stages. Brief characteristics of each stage is illustrated with the most important legislative acts in the field of public relations. The author uses historical, abstract-logical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods of scientific knowledge. The article notes that the main achievement of the post-revolutionary legislation is that land reclamation came to be seen not only in the regulation of land use (mainly agricultural land), but also within the legal institution of their protection. Special attention in the article is paid to the adoption of the Federal Law “On Land Reclamation” and its effect. This law laid the legal foundation for the development of the modern reclamation legislation. An analysis of legal acts and scientific literature was allowed to make a conclusion, that reclamation law in Russia for a long period of time was mostly fragmented. However, with the publication of a special Federal Law “On Land Reclamation” this fragmentation of the rules was overcome, but not completely. In addition, since 70s of XX century legal regulation of land reclamation was provided gradually by several branches of legislation (land and water).
Mission as a Basis for Creating Corporate Culture at the Far Eastern Federal University
Authors: Мельникова  , Melnikova Marina , Анисимова  , Anisimova Galina , Палагутина  , Palagutina N. , Дроздова  , Drozdova Ekaterina
Published: March 2017

In the late twentieth century a new concept of corporate culture emerged in the field of management theory, while practical studies of organizational performance

has found, that success is directly related to creating appropriate corporate culture. As for this country, attention to corporate culture has been driven

mostly by overall change in value system, taken place at the societal level, at the government level and at the level of individual organizations as well. Nurturing

corporate culture within each higher educational institution has become urgent, due to crucial changes in the educational activities as s whole. Two factors,

crucial to the success of a higher educational institution, are abilities to integrate all its internal resources and to adapt to its external environment. To become

profitable and competitive, a higher educational institution should develop such key abilities, as flexibility and readiness to change itself. The major role of

mission in the process of corporate culture shaping and nurturing, as well as functions, required for specific goals of a higher educational institution to be

achieved, are considered in this paper as exemplified by the case of the Far Eastern Federal University. Objective hardships and problems, hampering the process

of developing such unique body, as the Far-Eastern Scientific and Educational Center, are also highlighted.
Problems in managing on trust management
Authors: Мороз Максим , Moroz Maksim
Published: March 2017

In today´s economic environment increases the need to

integrate into Russian legislation some features of regulating relations

on trust management, available in foreign legal systems. From this

position the author estimates the need for changes in the legislative

regulation of trust agreements in the Russian legislation. The author

proposes corrections to Chapter 53 of the Civil Code of the Russian

Federation, which should reduce the number of claims related to

the trust agreements.
CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY AND HARDWARE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRIBUSINESS OF TATARSTAN AT ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Хафизов  , Khafizov Kamil , Хафизов  , Khafizov Ramil
Published: March 2017

The article describes the classification of the technology, used in crop production, and a classification of tractors according to the ISO. The paper gave a priority use of tractors in classes on different groups of technological operations. The following tasks were setted: reducing the grade composition of tractors and determining the optimum parameters of tractors, in terms of reducing energy consumption.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY FEATURES OF FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Кадырова  , Kadyrova Fanyusya , Кадырова  , Kadyrova Luiza
Published: March 2017

The task of research is the study of embryological characteristics and seed production of certain varieties of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench in a moderate continental climate of the Republic of Tatarstan. All kinds of violations of embryological processes were revealed at the studied varieties. The pollen fertility was averaged 80.0%. The high individual variability and intervarietal potential seed production and productivity factor were displayed, as well as their dependence on weather conditions. A low coefficient of efficiency was revealed. The authors proposed indirect methods for estimating the productivity index (according to the granulation size of inflorescences and to the economic factor), which let significantly to reduce the determination time of this parameter. The proposed methods can be used for the selection of high productive forms.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS MARKETING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Романовская  , Romanovskaya Elena , Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov Andrey
Published: March 2017

Modern processes of development of market relations in the Russian agribusiness allow to speak about the urgent need to select and implement an effective marketing strategy. The use of an effective marketing tool allows subjects of agriculture to adapt to ever-changing conditions of the external and internal environment. The necessity of develop and improve marketing strategy causes important to study. The author examines the factors, that must be considered when designing and implementing marketing strategy for enterprises. The article focuses on the study of the issue, concerning the definition of “marketing strategy” of agricultural enterprises. On the basis of the study, it is concluded, that marketing strategy combines elements of marketing as a complex. Basing on it, an enterprises realize their effective marketing activities, which are aimed to achieve marketing purposes. The authors systematized the main elements of marketing strategies of agricultural enterprises. According to the authors opinion, the developed marketing strategy will enable to improve the competitiveness of products and increase sales.
IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE STAFFING IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN, BASED ON CLUSTER APPROACH
Authors: Шагивалиев  , Shagivaliev Lenar , Файзрахманов  , Fayzrakhmanov Dzhaudat , Нежметдинова  , Nezhmetdinova Farida
Published: March 2017

The article was discussed and analyzed the positive experience of scientific and educational cluster of agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan and Kazan State Agrarian University. The key staffing problems of agribusiness of Russia and Tatarstan were identified. A new intensive model of development of scientific and educational cluster of agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan was designed and proposed.
Insulin knowledge and practice: a survey of district nurses in Northern Ireland
Authors: Robb Alison , Reid Bernie , Laird Elizabeth A
Published: March 2017

Insulin is one of the top ten high-alert medications worldwide. Approximately 30% of people with diabetes in the UK use injectable therapies, most commonly insulin, to manage their condition. With an increasing number of people with diabetes being managed within the community, district nurses play an important role in the safe and effective use of insulin. This study surveyed a convenience sample of 164 district nurses working within one Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland to ascertain their knowledge and practice regarding insulin. Study response rate was 38% (n=63). It was found that district nurses' knowledge and practice relating to insulin therapy was lacking as indicated by a total mean score of 53.1%. Total knowledge scores were slightly higher (58%) than total practice scores (46%). Nevertheless, 79.4% of district nurses felt secure and 6.3% felt very secure in managing diabetes. Deficits in district nurses' knowledge and practice were identified in areas relating to insulin action, dosage, storage, injection site technique and rotation, hypoglycaemic/hyperglycaemic management, pharmacological action and prescription format. These deficits highlight the need for workplacebased learning and development programmes, incorporating real time, point of care interventions, to enhance and maintain district nurses' insulin knowledge and practice.
Revisiting infant nappy dermatitis: Causes and preventive care
Authors: Hugill Kevin
Published: March 2017

Cleansing and care of the nappy area is a subject of concern to parents, health professionals and infant care product manufacturers alike. Nappy rash, or nappy dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin reaction of variable severity affecting the abdomen, buttocks, perianal and perineal areas. It is a common condition in infancy affecting more than half of all children, to some degree, before the age of 2 years. While seldom serious, it can be distressing for infants and their parents. The aetiology is multifactorial, involving factors that together impair skin barrier functionality. Known factors include over-hydration of the stratum corneum, raised pH and over-vigorous cleaning, which predisposes the skin to tissue loss and inflammation. Despite the ubiquity of this condition, there is a lack of unequivocal empirical data about best care practices; this situation leaves health professionals and parents in a quandary. Current best evidence and professional consensus supports: gentle cleaning using only specifically designed products, if any; frequent nappy changes; nappy-free periods; using modern superabsorbent nappy liners; and protecting the skin using a barrier product. Although it is not definitive, this information can be used by midwives to inform their conversations with parents about nappy area cleaning.
A late presentation of Loeys–Dietz syndrome associated with an aortic root aneurysm
Authors: Harky A , Garner M , Roberts N
Published: March 2017

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterised by a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor, and is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture. Most cases of LDS present in the second decade of life, with the average life expectancy being 37 years. We report a case of suspected LDS (owing to significant family history of the disorder) that presented in the seventh decade of life. Our patient had aortic root dilation and was initially believed to have Marfan syndrome. However, subsequent tests were negative. On further investigation of her family history, it was revealed that she had a strong positive family history of aortic rupture and aneurysms associated with genetically confirmed atypical LDS. By reporting this case, we aim to highlight the importance of considering inherited connective tissue disorders when a patient presents with aortic aneurysms or dissections associated with a strong family history of aortic pathology.
An unusual cause of tonsillar asymmetry
Authors: Karamchandani D , El-Shunnar SK , Fussey JM , Ahsan SF , Bhatia S
Published: March 2017

We present the first reported case of tonsillar asymmetry secondary to a mandibular osteoma. Computed tomography rather than tonsillectomy for histology prevented the distress and risk of unnecessary surgery, and the patient was managed conservatively.
‘Got a degree…all of a sudden I'm in a Jobcentre’: The role of ‘stigma’ in ‘precarious’ graduate transitions
Authors: Formby Adam Paul
Published: March 2017

There is widespread evidence that those claiming out-of-work benefits experience different types of ‘benefit stigma’ in the UK, with the focus largely falling on conventionally disadvantaged welfare users. In contrast, graduates’ experiences of ‘benefits stigma’ go unnoticed because of their relative advantage within the labour market. Yet, an increase in precarity across the labour market has unsettled graduate transitions and is re-shaping their relationships with out-of-work benefits. Against this backdrop, this article explores how graduates respond to different aspects of ‘benefit stigma’. It posits that challenging stigmatising narratives associated with out-of-benefits – is integral to support graduates furthest away from knowledge-based economy jobs.
Sexual Initiation Patterns of U.S. Sexual Minority Youth: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Goldberg Shoshana K. , Halpern Carolyn T.
Published: March 2017

CONTEXT

The typical understanding of sexual debut as first vaginal intercourse is often irrelevant to sexual minority youth. Better understanding of sexual initiation patterns among these youth is necessary to inform efforts to safeguard their sexual and reproductive health.

METHODS

Early sexual experiences were examined among 1,628 female and 526 male sexual minority participants in Waves 1 (1994–1995) and 4 (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analyses identified initiation patterns distinguished by the timing, sequence and spacing of first experiences of sexual behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed correlates of various patterns.

RESULTS

Initiation classes for females were categorized as typical debut (representing 41% of the sample, characterized by vaginal intercourse and short spacing between first two behaviors); dual behavior debut (35%, characterized by vaginal and oral sex in the same year); early sexual debut (17%, characterized by average debut at 13, vaginal intercourse, and anal sex before 18); and delayed debut with oral sex (6%). Male classes were single behavior (50%, characterized by oral sex and longer spacing); multiple behavior (32%, characterized by vaginal and oral sex); early anal sex (11%, characterized by anal intercourse before 18); and very early debut (6%, characterized by oral sex and average debut at 10). Class membership was associated with socioeconomic status for females; age and sexual victimization for males; and race, ethnicity and religiosity for both.

CONCLUSIONS

Initiation patterns of sexual minority youth differ between genders and involve noncoital behaviors and characteristics beyond timing.
Ecocrítica no Cordel “O Clamor do Meio Ambiente” de Abraâo Batista
Authors: Carvalho Anna Christina Farias de
Published: March 2017

Objetiva-se refletir nesse artigo as representações sobre a Natureza e o Meio Ambiente no texto “O Clamor do Meio Ambiente” do mestre cordelista e xilógrafo de Juazeiro do Norte-CE-Brasil, Abraão Batista, a partir da perspectiva ecocrítica. Essa discussão é parte de um estudo mais amplo que propõe analisar como a Natureza e o Meio Ambiente são representados na literatura de cordel brasileira e a partir de que momento esses temas se apresentam recorrentes nos folhetos. A literatura de cordel brasileira, especialmente no Nordeste, tem seu enfoque em temas aparentemente tradicionalistas, como Padre Cícero, Lampião, Besta Fera, secas, entre outros, apresentados nos vários ciclos temáticos do cordel. A partir da década de 1970, começa a aparecer cordéis que nos permite investigar, com maior ênfase, a degradação da Natureza pelo homem, especialmente com a introdução da palavra Ecologia em suas narrativas. A partir dessa constatação, utiliza-se a Teoria Ecocrítica para analisar, nos cordéis, a relação entre a literatura e o meio ambiente com uma interface específica que são as relações que se estabelecem entre o homem e o meio ambiente a partir de uma perspectiva ecocêntrica no texto literário, apontando a esfera e o contexto da escrita e sua recepção. Em relação ao enfoque ambiental, podemos inferir que o cordelista apresenta uma visão ecocrítica quando faz a critica através das rimas de sua poesia da degradação do meio ambiente e da natureza pelo ser humano.
AN AIRPLANE WITH UNCONVENTIONALLY PLACED PROPELLER POWER UNIT
Authors: Červinka Jan , Kulhánek Robert , Pátek Zdeněk
Published: March 2017

The significance of the influence of operating propellers on the aircraft aerodynamic characteristics is well-known. Wind tunnel testing of an airplane model with operating propellers is a complex task regarding the required similarity of the full-scale and the model case. Matching sufficient similarity in axial and rotational velocities in the propeller slipstream is the primordial condition for the global aerodynamic similarity of the windtunnel testing. An example of the model power units with related devices is presented. Examples of the wind tunnel testing results illustrate the extent of the propeller influence on aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft of unconventional configuration with power units positioned at the fuselage afterbody.
DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT IN PYROLYTIC TARS USING COULOMETRIC KARL-FISHER TITRATION
Authors: Jílková Lenka , Hlinčík Tomáš , Ciahotný Karel
Published: March 2017

The liquid organic fraction of pyrolytic tar has a high energy value which makes possible its utilization as an energy source. However, before utilization, it is crucial to remove water from the liquid fraction. The presence of water reduces the energy value of pyrolytic tars. Water separation from the organic tar fraction is a complex process, since an emulsion can be readily formed. Therefore, after phase separation, it is important to know the residual water content in the organic phase and whether it is necessary to further dry it. The results presented in this manuscript focus on a water determination in liquid products from coal and biomass pyrolysis by a coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration. The Coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration is often used for a water content determination in gaseous, liquid and solid samples. However, to date, this titration method has not been used for a water determination in tars. A new water determination method, which has been tested on different types of tar, has been developed. The Coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration is suitable for tar samples with a water content not greater than 5 wt. %. The obtained experimental results indicate that the new introduced method can be used with a very good repeatability for a water content determination in tars.
COMPARISON OF VIRTUAL FIELDS METHOD, PARALLEL NETWORK MATERIAL MODEL AND FINITE ELEMENT UPDATING FOR MATERIAL PARAMETER DETERMINATION
Authors: Dirisamer Florian , Çakmak Umut D. , Kállai Imre , Machado Martín , Major Zoltán
Published: March 2017

Extracting material parameters from test specimens is very intensive in terms of cost and time, especially for viscoelastic material models, where the parameters are dependent of time (frequency), temperature and environmental conditions. Therefore, three different methods for extracting these parameters were tested. Firstly, digital image correlation combined with virtual fields method, secondly, a parallel network material model and thirdly, finite element updating. These three methods are shown and the results are compared in terms of accuracy and experimental effort.
Comparative analysis of quality of life in patients treated with canagliflozine or DPP-IV inhibitor
Authors: Petunina Nina A. , Terekhova Anna L. , Goncharova Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2017

The article investigates the value of canagliflozin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the perspective of a clinically-based patient-centred approach. It focusses on the outcomes of a 52-week double-blind, active-controlled study. The results of this clinical trial demonstrate that canagliflozin, which provides significant weight loss ability, improves the quality of life and satisfaction with physical and emotional health in patients with diabetes compared with sitagliptin.
Physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: population studies review
Authors: Bogatyrev Sergey N.
Published: March 2017

Physical activity is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity helps to maintain normal blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review presents population studies investigating physical activity as a factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. A search using the keywords ‘physical activity’, ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’ and ‘risk’ identified more than 40 relevant original studies and meta-analyses, which are presented in this review. Different types of physical activity have positive protective effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk and reduce the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Echinochrome pigment attenuates diabetic nephropathy in the models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Soliman Amel Mahmoud , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Marie Mohamed-Assem Said
Published: March 2017

Background. The main complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy in both types, which is a main reason for renal failure. Echinochrome substance present in sea urchin shells and spines and possesses high antioxidant activity.Aim. is to evaluate the ability of Ech to suppress the progression of diabetic complication in kidney.Materials and methods. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into two main groups, type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both groups divided into control, diabetic and echinochrome subgroups. Type 1 diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p), while type 2 was induced by high fat diet for 4 weeks before the injection with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.p). The treated groups were administrated by echinochrome (1mg/kg body weight in 10% DMSO) daily for 4 weeks.Results. Echinochrome groups showed reduction in the concentrations of glucose, malondialdehyde, urea, uric acid and creatinine. While it caused general increase in glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reduced, nitric oxide and creatinine clearance. The histopathological investigation showed clear improvement in the kidney architecture.Conclusion. Administration of echinochrome improves renal function and ameliorates renal histopathological changes possibly by improvement of glucose metabolism and inhibition of lipid peroxidation process.
Assessing routine healthcare pattern for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Russia: the results of рharmacoepidemiological study (FORSIGHT-DM2)
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Kalashnikova Marina F. , Belousov Dmitriy Y. , Rafalskiy Vladimir V. , Kalashnikov Victor Y. , Kolbin Aleksey S. , Yazykova Diana R. , Ivanenko Leonid R.
Published: March 2017

Rationale. The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) allows researchers to conduct observational multicentre studies and obtain objective information about the epidemiology of diabetes and its complications and evaluate the efficacy of different therapies and diagnostic strategies designed to identify systemic vascular complications.Aims. To analyse epidemiological and socio-demographic parameters, the quality of glycaemic control, diagnostic monitoring and therapeutic measures typical among patients with T2DM living in Russian towns of different populations.Materials and methods. FORSIGHT-DM2 is an all-Russian multicentre observational epidemiological study that involves 2014 patients with T2DM from 45 different towns in the Russian Federation (RF). All patients have had T2DM for at least 1 year. They received glucose-lowering therapy and primary medical care from RF public outpatient health institutions between 01.01.2014 and 31.12.2014. For comparative analysis of the typical treatment for patients with T2DM, we stratified patients into groups based on the number of residents.Results. The data reveal a lack of glycaemic control (average НbА1с 7.9% ± 1.9%), with НbА1с  8% in 36% of patients. The frequency of T2DM complications was high and the prevalence of retinopathy was 63.2%, nephropathy was 34.4% (7.8% had chronic kidney disease G3a-G5), peripheral polyneuropathy was 63.3%, ‘diabetic foot’ syndrome was 13.7% and osteoarthropathy was 5%. The number of T2DM-related complications is correlated with the HbA1c level and disease duration. Moreover, simultaneous influence of these factors led to a significant increase in the number of chronic complications associated with T2DM (r = 0.338 for T2DM duration, r = 0.262 for HbA1c; р 0.001). Despite the high frequency of patient consultations with endocrinologists (83%) and a large percentage of hospitalisations in the current year (46%), the screening of chronic complications of T2DM in 2014 is insufficient.Conclusion. The results indicate insufficient glycaemic control among patients with T2DM and a higher prevalence of chronic complications compared with the national register of diabetic patients.
In memory of Ivan P. Pavlov
Authors: Ipatova Elena V.
Published: March 2017

Ivan P. Pavlov was the first Russian Nobel Prize winner, a great scientist, the pride of the national science community and ‘the first physiologist of the world’, as described by his colleagues at an international congress. 22 February 2016 marks 80 years since the death of the Russian scientist, physiologist Ivan Pavlov.
Bitcoin, Blockchain und alternative Wirtschaftsformen
Authors: Petschow Ulrich
Published: March 2017

In zunehmendem Maße wird das Finanzsystem von digitalen Technologien beeinflusst. Welche Potenziale bringen diese neuen Technologien für das Geld- und Austauschsystem mit sich? Und wie können diese für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung eingesetzt werden?
Politische Gestaltung von Exnovation
Authors: Heyen Dirk Arne
Published: March 2017

Der bisherige Fokus in Forschung und Politik auf Innovationen muss ergänzt werden durch eine stärkere Beschäftigung mit „Exnovation“: dem Ausstieg aus nicht nachhaltigen Strukturen. Der Beitrag widmet sich den Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten für politisch intendierte Exnovationsprozesse wie dem Ausstieg aus fossilen Energieträgern.
Transdisziplinäre Austragungsorte und ihre Erfolgsfaktoren
Authors: Riousset Pauline
Published: March 2017

Transdisziplinäre Forschung dient einer Integration unterschiedlicher Wissensarten mit Ziel, Probleme der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung zu lösen. Dabei steht diese Art der Wissensproduktion in der Forschung und in der Politikberatung vor unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen. Was sind die Erfolgsfaktoren, damit Transdisziplinarität gelingen kann?
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA MELALUI BUDAYA DEMOKRASI
Authors: Wilujeng Sri Rahayu
Published: March 2017

Abstract Democracy is the old issue has been discussed for long time anthusiasly. This idea of democracy appeared in Greek about two thousand and five hundred years ago. Now day implementation of democracy keep going on developed to get the best performance. The Indonesian Constitution stated. Democracy as a system in running government. Thus, consequently of this choice it must be applied imperatively. In fact, there are many problems appeared caused by implementation of democracy. It may not be comprehended as a political system. Basically this system arranges so many interests in society such as state and citizens. Thus such a system must be help by a supporting culture. That is democratic culture. This writing tries to descript what kind a culture have to develop in Indonesia. This culture is bear on a mental and moral attitude. It bases on Pancasila as a philosophy of Indonesia.  It doesn’t only caused democracy running well, but it also guards democracy don’t losing its essence. Finally, democracy gives advantages for people as the owner of sovereignty. Keywords: democracy, culture, Pancasila
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI NASIONALISME PADA GENERASI MUDA DI KEPULAUAN NATUNA
Authors: Susilowati Endang , Respati Puguh Dhanang , Naelili Masruroh Noor
Published: March 2017

Abstract This study aims to reveal the portrait of nationalism and explore the noble values and local wisdom of Natuna’s inhabitant that can strengthen the sense of nationalism. The method used in this article is historical method and ethnography. The result shows that the sense of nationalism of Natuna’s inhabitant who’s living in the outer islands is undoubtable, even though they are far away from the center of government, lack of attention, and therefore they are still left behind. In order to fortify their spirit of nationalism and their pride to the region and country, it is necessary to continuously instill national values ​​ to the younger generation in Natuna. Keywords: outer islands, sense of nationalism, noble values, local wisdoms
REPRESENTASI KOLONISASI TERHADAP MASYARAKAT KULIT HITAM AFRIKA DALAM NOVEL THINGS FALL APART KARYA CHINUA ACHEBE
Authors: Hadiyanto .
Published: March 2017

Abstract This article discusses white-skinned race colonization and its impacts on African black-skinned race tribal society and culture in African Anglophone novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe. The approach used in this research is post-colonial approach by using post-colonial theory to analyze phenomena as well as the implication of the colonizer and the colonized relationship. The result of this research indicates that the coming of white-skinned race colonialists in African Ibo tribe community with their colonization and cultural imperialism is implemented with varied strategies. Those strategies are proven effectively in strengthening white-skinned race’s colonial hegemony in Africa. The white-skinned race colonialists’ imperialism results in horizontal conflict and cultural-social disintegration in African native society; between the pro-colonial and the anti-colonial. Anti-colonial resistence is shown by most African native society to fight against colonial government arrogance and to resist white-skinned race imperialism in Africa. Keywords: African black-skinned race traditional culture, white-skinned race colonization, horizontal conflict, social-cultural disintegration
BAHASA DAN IDEOLOGI: MENGUNGKAP IDEOLOGI DAN KEKUASAAN SIMBOLIK DI BALIK PENGGUNAAN BAHASA (KAJIAN TEKS MEDIA MELALUI ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS)
Authors: Haryo Su , Rono Su , Amin Mujid Farikul
Published: March 2017

Abstrak   Tulisan ini didasari sebuah anggapan bahwa bahasa tidak berada di ruang hampa sosial.Maka, bahasa pada dasarnya bukan hanya untaian kata yang hanya bersifat linguistik, tetapi bersifat sosial. Karenanya, bahasa dipahami sebagai tindakan sosial.Implikasinya, bahasa bukan hanya bermatra linguistik, tetapi juga bermatra sosial. Van Dijk menjadi salah satu model yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis wacana secara kritis. Penelitian analisis wacana kritis model van Dijk mempertimbangkan teks, konteks, kognisi sosial, dan analisis/konteks sosial. Untuk mengungkap hal itu, langkah yang dapat dilakukan adalah: mengungkap struktur makro (tematik), suprstruktur (skematik), dan struktur mikro yang terdiri atas semantik, sintaksis, stilitistik, dan retorika. Untuk mengungkap hal itu, di sini digunakan metode simak dan catat dengan menjadikan Suara Merdeka dan Kompassebagai sumber datanya. Hasilnya pertama,SM cenderung berideologi kasar, provokatif, dan konotatif/figuratif. Hal itu, tampak pada pilihan kata/kalimat  kata yang cenderung kasar, seperti mengancam,menyerang, memanggil paksa, menyeret, menembak.Sementara, harian K cenderung berideologi idealisme pers yang objektif, netral, dan berimbang. Kedua, dari dimensi kekuasaan (simbolik), harian SM cenderung menjadi “oposisi”  dan “oposan”sebagai pihak yang di-dominan-kan, sedang pihak pemerintah sebagai pihak yang “dimarginalkan”. Sementara, harian K menempatkan pihak yang dominan/marginal lebih didasarkan pada kondisi objektif di lapangan yang  berbasis data dan keterangan yang dari narasumber yang cenderung netral, seperti pengamat, warga, dan akademisi; tidak didasarkan pada keterangan yang cenderung subjektif, seperti dari para politisi.Ketiga, dari sisi analisis sosial dan kognisi sosial; SM lebih tampak sebagai cerminan tagline-nya yaitu lokal (yaitu “perekat komunitas Jawa Tengah”), sedangkan harian K lebih “mengabdi” pada rakyat seperti tampak pada tagline-nya “Amanat Hati Nurani Rakyat” sehingga “suara”  rakyatlah yang diungkapnya tanpa mengarah menjadi partisan.   Kata kunci: ideologi, kekuasaan, simbolik
SELECTION OF SUMBA ONGOLE (SO) CATTLE BASED ON BREEDING VALUE AND PERFORMANCE TEST
Authors: Said S. , Agung P. P. , Putra W. P. B. , Anwar S. , Wulandari A. S. , Sudiro A.
Published: March 2017

Selection of livestock was purposed to increase productivity. A performance test was conducted using 25 males and 25 females of Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The performance test were conducted in three periods (2014, 2015 and 2016) for about 535 days. Descriptive statistics ws used to analyze data of body weight. Cattle with age between 300 to 600 days were used for evaluation. Result showed that heritability value of yearling weight (YW365) was 0.77+0.68 as a high category. The highest breeding value of YW365 were 66.05 kg (male) and 41.89 kg (female). The average of corrected final weight (CFW) weight were 172.55+34.22 kg (male) and 159.80+37.73 kg (female). The performance test in this study obtained six A class (1 bull and 5 cows) based on the standard minimum of body measurements for SO cattle.