bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science and Structure Determinism
Authors: Coates Tony
Published: April 2019

In this paper I examine explanations offered by scientific medicine. I wish to show that such explanations are based on structure determinism in all branches of medicine except psychiatry and the psychological medicine. I hope to show that the distinctions of illness/ disorder made in these disciplines are violations of structure determinism, and, while being legitimate as explanations, the distinctions do not belong to science but to ethics and morality. I do not intended to present a “balanced view”, but to deconstruct psychiatry and, through this, present an alternative viewpoint from the Biology of Cognition.
Waitara
I tēnei tuhinga ka whakamātauhia ngā whakamāramatanga tuku mai a te rongoa pūtaiao. E hiahia ana au ki te whakaata, ko aua whakamāramatanga e whai ana i te tū whakatau a ngā peka katoa o te mātauranga rongoa hāunga ia te mātauranga mate hinengaro me te rongoa hinengaro. Ko taku wawata ka taea te whakaatu ko te whakarerekētanga o ngā mate/pōkīkī whakaritea i ēnei pekanga mātauranga he mahi takahi i te anga whakatau, ā, ahakoa e tika ana hei whakamāramatanga, ehara nō te taiao ēnei whakarerekētanga engari nō te matatika kē. Kāre au i te mea ki te tuhi i tētahi "tirohanga rite", engari ki te wāwāhi mātauranga mate hinengaro, ā, mā tēnei, ka tuku tirohanga kē atu.
The Ongoing Training of a Psychodramatist
Authors: Carter Philip D
Published: April 2019

This paper is structured as a narrative so that the reader may not just have an understanding of the content but also an experience of it. The value of naivety, alertness, and readiness is highlighted. I describe core experiences that have shaped my identity and functioning as a psychodramatist. The narrative is one expression of what it is to have the ancestral bounty of both Māori and European lineages. It is a unique expression. There is no claim that any other person has to be like this.
Whakarāpopotonga
I tuhia paki waitarahia tēnei kia āta mau pai ai te ngako o te kaupapa i tua atu i te whai wheako whaiarohanga mai i te tuhinga. E whakatairangahia ana te matapoporo o te harakore te koi me te hikaka. Ka whakaahuatia atu ngā wheako whakatau nei i taku tuakiri me tēnei tūmomo mahi āku. Ko te pakiwaitara tētahi whakaatanga whiwhi whakapapa karangarua; Māori Pākehā. He whakapuakinga takitahi. Ehara tēnei i te whakapae me pēnei anō hoki ētahi atu tāngata.
Feminine in Action
Authors: Roldan Felisa
Published: April 2019

“The feminine” is a philosophy, a style, a value system, which is at the centre of the way I work as a psychotherapist. In this paper I wish to share the practical applications of this approach in a group therapy setting with young women aged 16 to 23. As a psychotherapist and psychiatrist, I am well versed in the more masculine value system. I use concepts like transference and counter-transference, defence mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and all the other ways of understanding what is happening in our therapeutic experience. Moreover, I teach a lot of these concepts. I am therefore not intending to devalue the usefulness of these theoretical concepts. It is much harder to define and bring into dialogue the values of the feminine. It is not a measurable concept that can be packaged in skills training or researched with placebo control studies and published in a scientific paper. In spite of that, I believe it is an important concept to introduce and to discuss in the psychotherapy world. In this paper I describe some clinical applications of the concept of the feminine in order to demonstrate its value to our work.
Whakarāpopotonga
He rapunga whakaaro, he kōpuratanga, he whakatakotoranga uara te uha, ā, pokapū tēnei ki te āhua o tāku mahi i aku mahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro. E hiahia ana au ki te tohatoha i ngā mahi haratau o tēnei momo mahi ki waenga i tētahi haumanau awheawhenga taitamāhine mai i te 16 ki te 23 nei ngā tau. Mai i ōku kaiwhakaora hinengaro, rata mate hinengaro, e tino mātau ana au ki te whakatakotoranga uara tānetanga. Mahia ai e au ngā tū āhua ariā pēnei i te whakawhiti me te awherangi whakawhiti, ngā momo waonga, te paearu whakatau mate, me ērā atu anō o ngā mātauranga whakamārama kei te aha ngā whakanekenekehanga o ō tātou wheako haumanu. Otirā, ākonga ai e au te maha o ēnei ariā, ā, me pēhea hoki e taea ai te whakaiti, te painga o ēnei ariā. He uaua kē atu te tautuhi uara taitamāhine ka whakauru mai ai ki ngā kōrero. Ehara i te ariā inea ka taea nei te tākai whakangungunga pukenga rangahaua rānei ki tētahi akomanga whakahaere tohipa ka tā ai ki tētahi pepa pūtaiao. Ahakoa tērā, e whakapono ana au he ariā whai tikanga hei whakamōhio hei aromatawai i roto i te ao whakaoranga hinengaro. E whakamārama ana au i ētahi ariā mahinga haumanu o te taitamāhine hai whakaatu i ōna uara ki ā tātou mahi.
Shifting Ground in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Davids M Fakhry
Published: April 2019

This paper contains the main points I made in my two keynote presentations to the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapy (NZAP) conference in April 2015. The theme of mourning, and especially facing the aggression involved in this process, runs through it. The first section describes my emotional experience when coming face to face with the devastation left by the Canterbury earthquakes, and I draw attention to the importance of mourning in freeing up the energies required to adapt and to rebuild. I draw attention to the scale of loss to be faced, and raise an anxiety that aggression mobilised by this process may be difficult to bear, and be displaced onto the long-term project of turning a monocultural profession into a bicultural entity that acknowledges explicitly that it exists in a country that is home to both Māori and Pākehā. The second section has two aims. Firstly, I provide a detailed clinical illustration of my work, which is located within the psychoanalytic tradition, in order to make explicit my conceptualisation of a patient’s difficulties and show how these emerged in our work together. Secondly, I endeavour to show how difficult it is to integrate experience within a new cultural milieu alongside representations that stem from our original one — our “native” world of self and others. The patient I describe in my clinical example used her cultural difference as a defence — a deeply ingrained one — to protect herself from the pain of mourning and thus the possibility of moving on. I go on to discuss this material with special reference to its relevance for the development of the profession in a bicultural Aotearoa New Zealand.
Waitara
Kei tēnei tuhinga ngā aronga matua o ngā kauhau matua e rua i hoatu e au i te Wānanga a NZAP i te marama o Paenga-whāwhā 2015. Ko te tangihanga te kaupapa, inarā te whakarae i te riri i roto i tēnei tikanga. Ka whakaatahia aku wheako whaiaro i te kitenga ā kanohi i te parawhenua i whakarērea iho e ngā rū i Waitaha, ā ka whakaarohia ake te whai tikanga o te tangihanga hai tuku i ngā pūngao hei urutaunga hei whakahou. Ka huria ngā aronga ki te titiro ki te whānui o te paekura hai taki, te whakapikinga ake o te mānukanuka tērā pea ka uaua rawa te mau i te riri ka puea ake i tēnei mahi ā, ka waiho ki te taha ki te huring mahi akonga ahurea tūtahi ki tētahi mea kākanorua.E rua ngā whāinga o te wāhanga tuarua. Tuatahi, ko te whakaatanga whānui o taku mahi haumanu, te ture pū tātarihinengaronga, kia āta mārama ai taku whakaahuatanga o ngā raruraru o te hāura ka whāki ai i pēhea te putanga ake o ēnei i roto i ēnei mahi. Tuarua, ka nanaiore au ki te whakaatu i te uaua o te whakauru wheako ki roto i tētahi atu nohoanga ahurea i te taha o ngā tūnui o te ao toi waia o te whaiaro me ētahi atu. I whakamahia e te hāura whakaahuahia e au i roto i taku tauira haumanu tōna ahurea hai pākati — toka ana te mau — hei ārai i a ia mai i te mamae o te tangihanga, ā, tērā pea te haere whakamua. Ka tuhia tēnei kōrero me te huri ki tōna hāngaitanga mō te whakapakaritanga o te akonga i roto i te kākanotanga o Aotearoa.
Seismic Relationships
Authors: Farrell Mary
Published: April 2019

This paper considers the dangerous and heated issues that often underlie outwardly happy relationships. Just as the earth can be unpredictable and smouldering under its calm surface, many relationships between couples have deep fissures that bubble up with unexpected force, often in the consulting room. I present a case study of one such couple and consider the parts played by unrealistic expectation, idealisation, denigration, previous hurts and fractures, and cultural background. I also illustrate the paper with snippets from the American TV series Mad Men, looking particularly at Don and Betty Draper’s marriage. Don has a false identity, both literally and metaphorically, and the facts of his earlier life, including his name, are completely unknown to his wife. My premise is that when most couples become attached, it can be an attachment based on primarily unconscious needs and expectations of each other, especially when they have explored and divulged very little. Our role as psychotherapists is to help each member of a couple begin to share their inner lives while maintaining hope that their partner will not use the information shared as a weapon against them.
Waitara
E aro ana tēnei tuhinga ki ngā kaupapa morearea, hahana hūnaia ai e te whakaatanga manahau i rō noho tahitanga a te tokorua. Pērā i te matawhatiwhati o Papatuanuku, he maha ngā whakararu noho puku nohonga ā tokorua pahū ake ai i roto i te rūma akoako. E horaina atu ana he mātai takitahi o tētahi tokorua rite ki tēnei ka whakaaro i ngā wāhanga whai wāhi atu ki ngā autāia rerekē, monoa, pēhitanga, mamae inamata me te ahurea. Ka whakaatahia hoki i roto i te tuhinga ētahi maramara kōrero o te Pouaka Whakaata Amerikana Mad Men, aronui atu ki te noho moehanga o Don rāua ko Betty Draper. Ā tuhi, ā kupu whakarite he teka te tuakiri o Don, ā kore kore ana i mōhiotia ngā meka o tōna whakatipuranga, me tōna ingoa e tōna hoa wahine. E kī ana au, inā piritahi he tokorua, he whakapiringa pupū ake ai tēnei mai i ngā wawata me ngā hiahia rehu tētahi ki tētahi, inarā kāre nei e taki mōhio pai ki a rāua anō, ā, taki noho puku ai. Ko tā tātou, tātou ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro mahi, he āwhina i ngā tokorua nei ki te taki whakaatu i ō rāua kare ā roto ki a rāua anō me te mau whakaaro kāre te hoa rangatira e whakamahi i ēnei kōrero hai werohanga atu.
On Why Psychotherapy Must Be a Secular Discipline
Authors: Manning Seán
Published: April 2019

I argue in this article that religion is dangerous, providing some historical and current examples. I explore the phenomenon of religious and spiritual belief from a scientific perspective, particularly using the ideas of psychologist and neuroscientist Michael Graziano who suggested that our social perceptual system is responsible not only for constructing models of other minds, but also for creating Gods and spirits in our own image, and for creating models of our own minds. These observations lead to the central argument that psychotherapy, in studying mind and attempting to ameliorate its discomforts, must treat the perception of a spirit world in the same way that it treats our perception of our own and others’ minds and selves, and therefore must maintain a religiously secular stance.
Waitara
I roto i tēnei tuhing e whakapae ana au he mōrearea te hāhi, ā, ka whakarato i ētahi tauira o mua o nāianei hoki. Ka hōrapahia pēnei ki tā te mātauranga pūtaiao te āhua o te hāhi me te whakapono wairua, aro kau nei ki ngā whakaaro o te kaimātai hinegaro me te kaimātai pūtaiaoio a Mikaere Karatiano e kī nei ko te ture aronga a tō tātau hāpori te take mō te mahi tauira o ētahi atu hinengaro, me te hanga Atua, wairua pēnei ki ō tātau ake hanga, ā, hei hanga ata o ō tātau ake hinegaro. Nā ēnei tirohanga ka tākina ki te pūtake o te tautohe i te wā wānangahia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro te hinengaro ka whakatete ki te whakakora i aua mānukanuka me āta huri ki te whakaora i te tirohanga ki te ao wairua pēnei anō i te whāwhā i tā tātau tirohanga ki ō tātau ake me ō ētahi atu hinengaro, whaiaro hoki, ā, me mātua mau ki tētahi tirohanga hāhi noa.
Twelve Step Psychotherapy
Authors: Fay Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Twelve step psychotherapy is a time-limited, cost-effective depth psychotherapy that was developed gradually over several years of practising therapy in a public outpatient mental health service setting. Twelve step psychotherapy is structured as twelve discrete steps of one (two at most) session each. It blends clinical and cognitive behavioural psychology, emotionally focussed supportive psychotherapy, trauma therapy, attachment therapy, psychoanalytic investigation and insight, lifespan development, sociotherapy, archetypal psychology and mindfulness meditation. It reflects my particular skill set after 39 years of practising psychotherapy, but it is very teachable and does not take 39 years to learn.
Whakarāpopotonga
He wā-whakatina, he utunga whakahaere tōtika whakaoranga hinengaro hōhōnu te poutama tekau mā rua whakaora hinengaro, i whakawhanakehia mai i ngā tau maha whakamahinga haumanu i raro i te maru o te rātaonga hauora hinengaro tūmatanui. He whakatakotoranga āta wehea ai ngā tepe tekau mā rua kia kotahi (kāre e rahi ake i te rua) te wāhanga ia huinga. Whakatōpūhia ai te mātai haumanu te mātai hinengaro, te taituarā arotahi kare-ā-roto whakaora hinengaro, haumanu whētuki, haumanu here, rangahau me te whakamāramatanga wetewetenga hinengaro, whakawhanaketanga koiora, mātauranga haumanu hāpori, te hinengaro paerewa, me te āta whaiwhakaaro. E whakaatahia ana ōku ake pūkenga i roto i ngā tau toru tekau mā iwa e mahi ana i taku mahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro, engari ka taea noa ihotia te ako, ā, kāre e pau te toru tekau mā iwa tau te ako.
Encountering the Internal Persecutor
Authors: O'Connor John
Published: April 2019

Encountering the other is inevitably central to therapeutic work. This paper explores the challenges and possibilities of encountering the internal persecutor within the therapist, the patient, and within the clinical dyad. This encounter is often terrifying as we meet not only the other in the form of our patients and the different cultural groupings with which we engage, but also the others lying dissociated within us and which are inevitably stirred, and sometimes violently enacted, in the heat of the clinical moment. The temptation to make the other wrong, or to defensively submit, in order to survive the shameful attacks of the persecuting other(s) within us is extremely powerful. However, encounters with such persecutory dynamics can also potentially enable deep transformation in both the therapist and patient. In this paper, I explore these temptations and opportunities. I draw on a range of psychoanalytic, relational and Jungian theoretical perspectives, and include clinical vignettes.
Whakarāpopotonga
Kāore koa, he tūtakitanga taru tangata, te waenga-pū o te mahi haumanu. Ko tā tēnei pepa, he wherawhera i ngā wero me ngā tūpono tūtakitanga i te kaipēhi whakaroto o te kaihaumanu, te tūroro me te tōpū haumanu. I te nuinga o te wā, he tūtakitanga whakawehiwehi tēnei nā te mea ehara ko te hanga taru tangata o ā tātau tūroro me ngā rōpū ahurei rerekē ngā mea tūtaki ai tātau, engari ko ētahi taru tangata e noho wehe ana whakaroto i a tātau ka whakaarahia ake me te aha i ētahi wā ka haukekehia i te ohorerehanga o te wā. Tino kaha te tahu ki te uta i te hē ki taru tangata, ki te aata whakaata hauraro rānei kia puta ai i ngā ngau a taru. Ahakoa rā, he huarahi whakakaha whakaaro hōhonu rerekē mō te kaiwhakaora me te tūroro ēnei momo tūtakitanga. Ka tirohia ēnei tahu ēnei tūponohanga i roto i tēnei tuhinga. Ka kūmea mai ngā tirohanga tātarihanga mātauranga matehinengaro maha, tā Hūngiana tirohanga, me ētahi tuhinga haumanu poto.
Where Shall We Begin?, by Esther Perel and The Other Half of Asperger Syndrome, by Maxine Aston
Authors: Shaw Angela
Published: April 2019

When One Half of a Couple Seems to Struggle with Relationality: Thoughts Stimulated by Esther Perel’s Podcast Series Where Should We Begin?
Refraction and Attenuation in Troposphere
Authors: Allnutt Jeremy E.
Published: November 2024

Where two dissimilar media form a common boundary, the different refractive indices of the media will cause the signal direction to diverge from its path if the incident direction is not normal to the boundary. This is called refraction.

The average refractive index of a medium is called the bulk refractive index, and it affects the average direction of the electromagnetic energy.

In addition to changing the direction of travel of an electromagnetic signal and/or causing scintillations, a medium can both extract energy from a signal passing through it and alter the orientation sense of the electric vector (the polarization) of the signal as it passes through. The loss of energy is called attenuation, and the change in polarization sense is generally referred to as depolarization.
Unraveling membrane protein localization and interactions in nanodiscs
Authors: Koh Young Hoon , Kim So‐Jung , Roh Soung‐Hun
Published: November 2024

Nanodiscs, consisting of a lipid bilayer surrounded by membrane scaffold proteins (MSPs), are extensively used to study membrane proteins (MPs) because they provide a stable lipid environment. However, the precise mechanism governing MP behavior within the nanodisc remains elusive. Here, we examined the cryo‐EM structures of various MPs reconstituted in nanodiscs from EMPIAR. By analyzing the heterogeneity and interactions in the nanodiscs, we discovered that MPs display a distinct spatial preference toward the edges of the nanodisc shells. Furthermore, MPs can establish direct, amphipathic interactions with the MSPs, causing a reduction in local protein dynamics. These interactions may rearrange MSP‐MSP interactions into MP‐MSP interactions. Collectively, we provide structural insights into how nanodiscs contribute to MP structural behavior and dynamics.

Impact statement

Nanodiscs are used to study membrane proteins (MPs), but the mechanisms governing the behavior of MPs within nanodiscs remain elusive. Here, we provide structural insights into how nanodiscs contribute to the behavior of MPs, which will aid the interpretation of cryo‐EM studies performed using nanodiscs.
Investigation of the Damping Behavior and Tensile Properties of Bilayer Ni‐Ti Particle‐Reinforced 1060 Aluminum–Matrix Composites
Authors: Cao Zhao‐Yang , Jiang Hong‐Jie , Liu Chong‐Yu , Meng Zheng‐Bing , Wei Li‐Li , Liu Shu‐Hui , Huang Hong‐Feng
Published: November 2024

The single Ni‐Ti particle‐reinforced aluminum–matrix composites have a narrow damping temperature range and few damping peaks, which limit their practical applications. To address this issue, this study utilizes rolling composite technology to incorporate layers of Ni‐Ti particles in various aging states into 1060 aluminum. This method yields bilayer Ni‐Ti particle‐reinforced 1060 aluminum–matrix composites with multiple internal friction peaks from phase transformations and a broader damping temperature range. The research indicates strong bonding between alloy particles and the 1060 aluminum matrix, without obvious elemental diffusion at the NiTi/Al interface. Compared to the single‐aged Ni‐Ti particle reinforcement method, the bilayer approach increases the number of phase‐transformation peaks and expands the phase‐transformation temperature range. Although the composite material exhibits greater strength than 1060 aluminum, its elongation was lower. Internal friction peaks of the bilayer composite at –48, –31, 6, 38, and 66 °C surpass those of 1060 aluminum by 245%, 223%, 153%, 151%, and 120%, respectively. This enhancement in damping capacity is attributed to synergistic effects from interfacial damping, dislocation damping, and phase‐transformation damping within the composites.
Permeable Film Enabled Evaporation Control of Liquid‐Assisted Assembly for Printing High‐Uniformity Functional Patterns
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Yang Yongrui , Qu Zhiyuan , Zheng Xu , Gao Jie , Min Fanyi , Lv Wenkun , Guo Lutong , Qiao Yali , Song Yanlin
Published: November 2024

Evaporation‐driven self‐assembly is attractive for functional patterning in a wide range of applications such as nanofabrication, electronics, and biology. But how to regulate the deposition caused by the coffee‐ring effect and produce desirable patterns with high uniformity, generally performing large‐scale printability is challenging. Herein, a multidimensional modulation is developed to prompt highly uniform and scalable patterning of functional materials. The introduction of permeable films enables effective modulation of the desired evaporative distribution and controllably achieves three typical depositions, ring‐like, uniform (coffee‐ring‐free), and eye‐like. The ratio of mass solvent flow rate of evaporation‐to‐pervaporation is demonstrated to predict the deposition form. Mechanism studies show that the direction and rate of mass transport are crucial for the patterning process. Furthermore, the uniformity of scalable depositions with different geometry is systematically evaluated in diverse liquid systems and the functional application is demonstrated. This work provides general insights into the evaporation control of liquid‐assisted assembly and the potential applications of uniform patterns in fields such as electronics and optoelectronics.
3D Printing of Hierarchically Structured Metals/Alloys Based on Ion‐Infused Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Sun Zhuo , Ming Xin , Xu Zijian , Xu Yang , Xie Tao , Wu Jingjun
Published: November 2024

Hierarchically porous‐structured metals show tremendous potential for mechanical applications in the aerospace, automotive, and healthcare sectors. Accurately controlling both the microstructural pore morphology and the macroscopic geometric shape presents a significant challenge and directly impacts its applications. Existing approaches involve combining 3D printing with sacrificial templating, where the introduction of templating agents restricts the control of the 3D printing process. Here, a template‐free process is developed for the manufacturing of hierarchical metallic structures from DLP 3D‐printed ion‐infused porous hydrogels. The porous structure of the hydrogel scaffold introduced by lyophilization not only induces the formation of microporous metallic structures during the sintering process but also helps reduce the internal stresses within the material to facilitate shape integrity. Hierarchically structured iron and iron‐based high‐entropy alloys with pore diameters ranging from sub‐micrometer to millimeter are fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. This work is anticipated to inspire the design and fabrication of high‐performance metallic structures for functional applications such as catalysts or metamaterials.
Selective Oxygen Activation by Integrating Dual Photosensitizers in Conjugated Porous Polymers and Microenvironments Manipulation for High‐Performance Water Purification and H2O2 Production
Authors: Wang Danfeng , Zhao Wuzi , Tan Feiyang , Wang Xin , Dong Jingwen , Zhou Shiyuan , Liu Guangfeng , Gu Peiyang
Published: November 2024

Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) are promising materials for water purification due to their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light. However, insufficient oxygen (O2) adsorption and unselective O2 activation pathways prevent the efficiency of photodegradation of refractory pollutants. Herein, the strategy of integrating dual photosensitizes into CPPs’ framework in a donor‐π‐acceptor conformation is proposed, combined with microenvironment modulation for regulating exciton dynamic and built‐in electric field, to confer extraordinarily excellent selective and high concentration of singlet oxygen (1O2) production (1.30 × 106 µmol g−1 h−1), being 103 fold of superoxide radical (·O2−) yield. Consequently, BDP‐Por‐O exhibits unprecedently high efficiency in bisphenol A (BPA) removal, with 10 and 100 ppm BPA degradation in just 2 and 20 min, respectively. Additionally, photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production also shows a satisfactory production rate. Mechanistic investigations using femto‐second transient absorption spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the impressive performance is attributed to selective and efficient 1O2 generation due to multiple effective O2 adsorption sites and the access to long‐lived excitons for 1O2 permitted by microenvironment optimization. This work provides an outstanding avenue for selective ROS generation and would advance the development of photocatalysts for water treatment.
Unlocking Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in α‐CuTeI via Specific Symmetry Breaking in Cu Sublattice
Authors: Yang Shunda , Lin Chensheng , He Xiu , Huang Jiajing , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey , Lin Yue , Luo Min
Published: November 2024

Lattice softening is an intricate mechanism utilized to modulate lattice thermal conductivity (κlat). However, experimental observations are often complicated by numerous factors including thermal regimes, elemental matrices, and crystalline topographies, making the fundamental mechanisms complex. In this study, the temperature gradients are meticulously harnessed during phase transitions, both in heating and cooling trajectories, to ascertain that atomic configuration acts as the paramount factor modulating phonon propagation. Within CuTeI, the predilection between the tetragonal (β) and orthorhombic (α) phases is deftly manipulated via specific thermal pathways to a juncture of 273 K. A salient 44% variance in κlat is observed consequent to a singular alteration in the structural disposition of the bridging Cu atoms. Such atomic configurations delineate pronounced differential effects on the transmission dynamics of transverse and longitudinal phonons. The theoretical analysis indicates that the transverse acoustic velocity plays a more pivotal role in dictating κlat than its longitudinal counterpart due to its greater contribution to the Grüneisen parameter. The synergistic interplay of lattice softening and anharmonicity enhancement culminates in an exceptionally diminished κlat in α‐CuTeI, registering a record low κlat of 0.21 W/(m × K) among inorganic materials dominated by phonon–phonon scattering at 273 K. The revelations proffer avant‐garde perspectives for the nuanced modulation of phonon velocities and κlat.
On the Damage Tolerance of Bioinspired Gradient Composites with Nacre‐Like Architecture
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Zengqian , Yu Qin , Li Xiaotao , Zhu Yankun , Wang Shaogang , Hao Yuquan , Jiang Bailing , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: November 2024

The evolution of natural armor materials has led to gradient structures with specific architectures to achieve high damage tolerance, thus offering valuable inspiration for the design of man‐made materials. Here, bioinspired gradient composites with a nacre‐like brick‐and‐mortar architecture are fabricated by infiltrating a polymer phase into porous ceramic scaffolds with position‐specific ceramic content. These composites demonstrate an integrated structure with notable several‐fold variations in local hardness and modulus across the thickness. The asymmetric mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of the composites are investigated and compared to those of uniform composites. Specifically, when loaded along the direction of decreasing stiffness – resembling the typical loading configuration of natural armors, the gradient composites exhibit superior damage tolerance compared to the opposite direction and a uniform composite with equivalent ceramic content. This is attributed to the decreased peak stress, broader stress distribution, and increased deformation capacity, along with enhanced toughening effects that impede crack growth through mechanisms of crack deflection, crack bridging by uncracked ligaments, together with their frictional pull‐out from crack surfaces. This study deepens the understanding of the damage tolerance of gradient materials and offers insights for the bioinspired design of highly damage‐tolerant materials.
Electrochemical Dual Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of 2‐Aryl‐N‐Acryloyl Indoles Enabling Assembly of Indole[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Mei Haibo , Zhang Yucheng , Liu Jiang , Escorihuela Jorge , Kiss Loránd , Han Jianlin
Published: November 2024

An electrochemical cascade radical cyclization of 2‐aryl‐N‐acryloyl indoles with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate as a coupling partner has been explored, which afforded the unexpected bis‐trifluoromethylated indole[2,1‐a]isoquinolines as products. Experimental results and DFT calculations disclose that this reaction involves trifluoromethylation‐triggered cyclization and the second trifluoromethylation as the key steps. This strategy does not need any transition‐metal catalysts or oxidants with a readily available trifluoromethylating reagent enabling facile synthesis of bis‐trifluoromethylated indole‐fused tricycles.
Using Latent Class Analysis to Characterize Sickness Signaling in Relation to Familism and Public and Private Religiosity in a Stratified US Sample
Authors: Padalkar Tanvi , Perrotte Jessica , Lynn Christopher Dana , Lee Austin , Nuttall Aidan , Shattuck Eric C.
Published: November 2024

Background

In response to contracting an infection, individuals usually display a suite of external signs (including sickness behavior) as an outward indication of illness. This context‐dependent phenomenon seems to weigh the benefits and costs of eliciting sympathy by indicating sickness versus hiding signs of illness to avoid exposing others to potential infection. In a dynamically social species like humans, non‐kin may be as likely to respond to these signs with care as family members, particularly fellow church members. We explore the relative contributions of religiosity and familism in shaping self‐reported sickness signaling styles as two dimensions central to human altruism using latent class analysis (LCA).

Methods

LCA was used to characterize the signaling styles of the study participants. Data come from a large 2018 survey (n = 1259) of sickness and health behaviors among US adults. We used denomination public (church attendance) and private religiosity (time spent in prayer, meditation, etc.) and the God Locus of Health Control scale to assess the impact of God on health. Sickness signaling style was assessed with the SicknessQ and three additional items. Covariates included age, gender, education, and income.

Results

We identified four classes (Familiar, Moderate, Gregarious, and Stoic) tied to signaling styles. The Familiar Signaling class displayed sickness verbally to familiar others, were the oldest, and were least guided by an internal sense of religion. The Moderate Signaling class was younger and had lower public and private religiosity (except regarding health issues) than the Stoic and Gregarious Signaling classes. The Gregarious class signaled to both close others and strangers and scored highest in familism and religiosity. The Stoic class did not verbally signal but indicated sickness worsening when around both close others and strangers, were less likely to be married or endorse private religiosity, and were least likely to recall recent illness as severe.

Conclusion

The signaling classes strongly resembled aspects of the introvert–ambivert–extrovert spectrum. We conclude that variation is important at multiple levels, including personality types, and potentially prevents the loss of immunological diversity.
Urbanization and Infectious Disease
Authors: Dorsey Achsah F.
Published: November 2024

The United Nations currently estimates that over half of the global population has lived in cities since 2017 and that this proportion is continuing to grow, particularly in the Global South. While urbanization is not new, increased population density combined with accelerating rates of (re)emerging and noncommunicable diseases as well as growing economic disparities has created new challenges to human health and well‐being. Here, I examine peri‐urban communities, peripheral settlements on the edges of urban areas populated by rural people, and argue that these areas are often overlooked, despite becoming increasingly common. Thus, human biologists should move beyond categorizing these spaces as transitional. Using unplanned, peri‐urban communities around Lima, Peru as a case study, I detail the complexity of political ecological factors that impact infectious disease risk and rates in peri‐urban communities. Using disease mechanisms, I demonstrate the importance of a biocultural approach and a political ecology perspective when investigating infectious disease. I highlight how human biologists and anthropologists are uniquely positioned to explore the heterogeneity of infectious disease patterns and pathways in an increasingly urbanized world.
A cGAMP‐Containing Hydrogel for Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 Receptor‐Binding Domain Subunit Vaccine Exposure Induces a Broad and Potent Humoral Response
Authors: Böhnert Volker , Gale Emily C. , Lahey Lauren J. , Yan Jerry , Powell Abigail E. , Ou Ben S. , Carozza Jacqueline A. , Li Lingyin , Appel Eric A.
Published: November 2024

The receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus spike protein has emerged as a promising target for the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Although the RBD subunit is more stable than its encoding mRNA, RBD is poorly immunogenic. It is hypothesized that this limitation can be overcome by sustained coadministration with a more potent and optimized adjuvant than standard adjuvants. One such candidate adjuvant, cGAMP, exhibits promising potency via activation of the antiviral STING pathway. Unfortunately, delivery of cGAMP as a therapeutic exhibits poor performance due to poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics from rapid excretion and degradation. To overcome these limitations, it is sought to create an artificial immunological niche enabling the slow release of cGAMP and RBD to mimic natural infections in which immune‐activating molecules are colocalized with antigen. Specifically, through coencapsulation of cGAMP and RBD in an injectable polymer‐nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel, the cGAMP‐adjuvanted hydrogel vaccine elicits more potent, durable, and broad antibody responses with improved neutralization as compared to dose‐matched bolus controls and hydrogel‐based vaccines lacking cGAMP. The cGAMP‐adjuvanted hydrogel platform can be further explored for the delivery of other antigens to enhance immunity against a broad range of pathogens.
Strategies for increasing the use of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major surgery*
Authors: Murphy L. , Warnakulasuriya S. R.
Published: November 2024

Tranexamic acid reduces major bleeding events in patients undergoing major surgery without increasing thromboembolic events. In October 2022, the Joint Royal Colleges Tranexamic Acid in Surgery Implementation Group issued recommendations for consideration of tranexamic acid use in all patients having inpatient surgery. National and local audit data shows that a significant portion of eligible patients do not receive tranexamic acid. We designed and implemented a quality improvement project to increase the use of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major surgery (surgery with the potential for estimated blood loss > 500 ml). Data were collected on baseline tranexamic acid use and stakeholder‐reported barriers to tranexamic acid use. This was used to design and implement a sequence of quality improvement interventions. We disseminated Joint Royal Colleges guidance and delivered education sessions to increase understanding of tranexamic acid use. The local World Health Organisation (WHO) surgical checklist was updated to prompt clinical staff to consider the use of tranexamic acid. At baseline tranexamic acid was used in 50 of 100 (50%) major surgical cases. In the third audit cycle, tranexamic acid use had improved to 65 of 96 (68%) cases, with a shift in practice noted on continuous monitoring data indicating sustained improvement. Key factors in successful implementation of this project included stakeholder engagement, widespread dissemination of education and guidance and change of the local WHO surgical checklist.
Spectroscopic and Photometric Analyses of the Trapezium Stars θ1 Ori A and θ1 Ori D
Authors: Elmaslı A. , Ünal K. Ö. , Ozuyar D.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we report on the spectroscopic and photometric observations of the two Trapezium stars, Ori A and Ori D. The spectra of these stars were extracted from the ESO and ESPaDOnS archives. Both stars exhibit nebular emission features, particularly within the core of the Balmer profiles and He I lines at and . Additionally, the spectral energy distributions of these targets were constructed, revealing an infrared excess in both. These emission structures and infrared excesses are attributed to the H II region caused by Ori C. Furthermore, detailed spectroscopic analysis performed to Ori A and Ori D revealed similar abundance patterns, with slight differences in carbon, magnesium, and aluminum. The effective temperatures derived from the spectroscopic analysis were used to determine their positions on the Hertzsprung‐Russell (H‐R) diagram. Additionally, the evolutionary tracks and isochrones constructed on the H‐R diagram allowed for the estimation of their evolutionary masses and ages. Finally, TESS observations of the target stars were obtained to investigate their light variations.
Starting with trees: Between and beyond environmental education
Authors: Kraftl Peter , Ambreen Samyia , Armson David , Badwan Khawla , Curtis Elizabeth , Pahl Kate , Schofield J. Edward
Published: November 2024

This paper explores learning about environments with a focus on starting with trees. The paper examines children and young people's perceptions of and engagement with trees, as part of a large grant that sought to examine the dis/benefits of trees for children's lives and learning. In this paper, we attempt to move beyond notions of ‘education for sustainability’ in that we start with knowledges generated with trees. We are concerned that current educational discourses tend to incorporate extractivist perspectives. They also focus on humans rather than the inseparability of the natural world from the human experience as a starting point for research. The paper is based on a large‐scale, transdisciplinary, UK‐based project, rooted in in‐depth, co‐produced research with a total of 545 children and young people, across multiple primary and secondary schools in England and Scotland. The paper begins and exemplifies a new conversation about what starting with trees might enable for studies of education and childhood. We propose the concepts of dwelling, skilling and belonging as a novel framework for ‘starting with trees’.
Thermische Lastansätze für Fertigteil‐Sandwichfassaden unter Berücksichtigung moderner Bauweisen
Authors: Bert Christopher , Fischer Oliver
Published: November 2024

Sandwichwände sind ein essenzieller Bestandteil der modernen Stahlbetonfertigteilbauweise. Im statischen Sinne stellen diese mehrschichtigen Bauteile hochgradig komplexe Tragsysteme dar, hierbei wird die Vorsatzschale in der Praxis meist sehr vereinfacht behandelt. Die zunehmende Verwendung von innovativen, hocheffizienten Vorsatzschalen mit Querschnitten von bis zu 20 mm erfordert eine dringende Überarbeitung der bestehenden Praktiken und Richtlinien. Dabei ist eine detaillierte Betrachtung der klimainduzierten thermischen Einflüsse entscheidend für eine anzustrebende wirtschaftliche und sichere Tragwerksbemessung. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts wurden an Sandwichwänden mit unterschiedlichen Vorsatzschalen umfangreiche experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zu den auftretenden thermischen Reaktionsgrößen im Vorsatzschalenquerschnitt durchgeführt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse fließen in einen Vorschlag für querschnittsabhängige thermische Lastannahmen von Sandwichwänden ein.
Brückensanierung mit UHFB in Österreich
Authors: Freytag Bernhard , Huß Michael , Mayer Michael , Randl Norbert , Tue Nguyen Viet
Published: November 2024

Die Sanierung und Integralisierung der Steinbachbrücke im Schnellstraßennetz zwischen Wien und Graz ist Österreichs erstes Projekt in UHFB‐Aufbeton‐Bauweise. Als Besonderheit wurde auf eine Brückenabdichtung verzichtet und die 7 cm dicke, statisch wirksame UHFB‐Sanierungsschicht gleichzeitig als Fahrbahnbelag verwendet. Erfahrungen aus diesem Pilotprojekt sind in die Richtlinie UHFB der Österreichischen Bautechnik‐Vereinigung eingeflossen; sowohl hinsichtlich der Herstellung als auch hinsichtlich der Bemessung. In diesem Beitrag werden die entsprechenden Schlüsselthemen wie Verbundfestigkeit zwischen UHFB und Bestandbeton, sowohl statisch als auch ermüdungstechnisch, Rissbreiten, Arbeitsfugen und Griffigkeit näher beleuchtet. Die Wirkungsweise und Leistungsfähigkeit werden anhand von experimentellen Untersuchungen dargelegt. Daraus abgeleitete Bemessungsregeln werden am Beispiel des Projekts Steinbachbrücke präsentiert. Ein Blick auf den Zustand der Steinbachbrücke nach mehr als zehn Jahren intensiver Nutzung vervollständigt das Bild dieser noch jungen, aber bereits gut entwickelten und durch die Richtlinie klar geregelten Bauweise.
Die neue DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Treibhausgasreduzierte Tragwerke aus Beton, Stahlbeton oder Spannbeton“ – Meilenstein für den Klimaschutz
Authors: Haist Michael , Glock Christian , Wiens Udo , Heckmann Michael , Schack Tobias
Published: November 2024

Mit Blick auf den bereits vorhandenen Klimawandel wird deutlich, dass eine möglichst schnelle Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen (THG‐Emissionen) auch im Bauwesen notwendig ist und klimafreundliche Lösungen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Um eine quantifizierbare Vergleichbarkeit der „Klimafreundlichkeit“ unterschiedlicher Lösungen zu ermöglichen, wurde vom Technischen Ausschuss „Nachhaltig Bauen mit Beton (TA NBB)“ des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) innerhalb von rund zwei Jahren die Richtlinie „Treibhausgasreduzierte Tragwerke aus Beton, Stahlbeton oder Spannbeton (THG‐Richtlinie)“ entwickelt. Die THG‐Richtlinie führt zusätzlich zu den im Bauwesen bekannten Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit eine quantifizierbare Anwendungsregel zur Klimaverträglichkeit ein. Durch die in der Richtlinie entwickelten Regelungen und Nachweisformate wird es zukünftig möglich, die im Zuge der Errichtung und Entsorgung eines Betonbauwerks maßgebenden THG‐Emissionen nach einheitlichen Standards zu errechnen und in ein Klassifizierungssystem einzuordnen. Bauherren und Bauherrinnen sowie Planende können durch die Einführung eines Klassifizierungssystems Zielvorgaben zu den zu realisierenden Treibhausgaseinsparungen im Vergleich zu einem Referenzbauwerk bzw. ‐bauteil festlegen. Die THG‐Richtlinie ist ein zentrales Element in der Strategie des DAfStb, die Betonbauweise auch in Zeiten großer ökologischer und technischer Herausforderungen in die Zukunft zu führen. Vielfältige Anstrengungen auf Seiten der Zement‐, Beton‐ und Stahlindustrie sowie der Bauindustrie und auch der Planenden belegen dabei, dass bereits heute praxistaugliche und sichere Lösungen vorliegen, um die THG‐Emissionen der Betonbauweise signifikant zu reduzieren. Große Unsicherheit besteht allerdings im Markt, wie ökologisch und wie nachhaltig derartige Lösungen sind. Neben der DAfStb‐THG‐Richtlinie hat der DAfStb daher vielfältige Dokumente und Hilfsmittel entwickelt, die es Planerinnen und Planern ermöglichen, „ökologische Aspekte“ sicher planbar zu machen [1, 2].
Causal Effects of Sleep Quality on Primary Headache and the Mediation via Gut Microbiota: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhao Huanghong , Guan Dongsheng , Ma Zhen , Yang Minghui , Dong Ning , Guo Jian
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown that sleep quality plays an essential role in primary headaches to varying degrees. However, it is unclear precisely whether gut microbiota plays a critical role in mediating changes in sleep quality and affecting primary headaches.

Methods

We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal relationships between sleep quality and primary headaches. The data encompass eight sleep traits (staying asleep during periods of anxiety, trouble falling asleep, daytime dozing, sleep apnea syndrome, oversleeping, undersleeping, snoring, and sleeplessness). The primary statistical method employed was inverse variance weighting. Eventually, we explored whether gut microbiota mediate the relationship between sleep quality and primary headaches.

Results

Our study found that a genetic predisposition to poor sleep quality increases the risk of primary headaches. Two‐step MR analysis revealed that the genus Coprococcus1 mediates the causal relationship between trouble falling asleep and cluster headaches, with a mediating effect of 23.6%. These findings could inform targeted interventions and treatments for primary headaches.

Conclusion

This study suggests that trouble falling asleep increases the incidence of cluster headaches mediated by gut microbiota. It highlights the crucial impact of sleep quality on primary headaches.
Track path of NCAA settlement developments
Authors: Romano Robert J.
Published: November 2024

The parties involved in the various NCAA antitrust cases were sent back to the negotiations table by U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken in September of this year to revise the language of the proposed billion dollar agreement before it could be finalized and made an order of the court. (The antitrust matters involved House v. NCAA (No. 4:20‐cv‐03919, N.D. Ca. 06/15/2020), Carter v. NCAA (No. 4;23‐cv‐06325), and Hubbard v. NCAA (No. 4:23‐cv‐01593).) One of the judge's primary concerns involved the wording wherein boosters would only provide money to student‐athletes for what was referred to as a “valid business purpose.”
Limit risk, liability by following NATA's latest recommendations on concussion management
Authors: Neal Timothy
Published: November 2024

The ever‐changing abundance of information surrounding management of sport‐related concussions can seem dizzying. But it's critical for your coaches, athletic trainers, and other staff in your college athletics department to keep pace with the latest best practices in this area. The National Athletic Trainers’ Association recently released new guidance about concussion management that can help college athletics administrators to reduce liability and boost compliance.