bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I lost my baby today: Embodied writing and learning in organizations
Authors: Boncori Ilaria , Smith Charlotte
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on miscarriage and the sharing of intimate experiences as an example of alternative writing that can be used to challenge and resist dominant masculine discourse in academia. It steps back from patriarchal forms of writing organizations and contributes in three ways: in terms of methodology through the use of multi-voice autoethnography that embraces evocative language; with regard to the subject matter, by sharing a narrative that focuses on the bodily and dirty in day-to-day organizing; and in style, by going beyond traditional structures to foster personal, fragile and reflexive narratives that can enhance the understanding of lived experiences in organizations. More specifically, the first author’s autoethnographic account of perinatal loss in the context of contemporary academia is used as an example of resistance to patriarchal norms of organizing.
The effect of square-shaped pockets position in sliding line contacts under mixed regime of lubrication
Authors: Zavos Anastasios , Nikolakopoulos Pantelis G
Published: July 2018

The production of surface topography by artificial pockets is introduced as a well-known method to reduce friction and wear between conjugating surfaces under different lubrication regimes. As a result, the proper design and position of the pockets are of prime importance. This paper supports that goal and focuses on the contribution of the square-shaped textures in several inlet positions and densities on film thickness and wear of line contacts under mixed lubricated conditions. The applied load, the sliding speed, and the lubricant oil are set on a custom-built block-on-ring test rig. The lubricant film thickness is measured in real time using capacitive sensors. The wear behavior of the pocketed samples is also examined by an optical microscopy before and after the tests. The findings are compared by the results of similar studies. The results showed that using square-shaped pockets with high density in line contacts can pronounce film thickness up to 40% than the sparser pattern, which resulted in lowest level of abrasive wear. The position of the square-shaped pockets comprising the inlet lubricant flow is given a beneficial effect on starvation in line contacts, helping to lubricant replenishment into the contact.
Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries
Authors: Kokko Sami , Martin Leena , Geidne Susanna , Van Hoye Aurelie , Lane Aoife , Meganck Jeroen , Scheerder Jeroen , Seghers Jan , Villberg Jari , Kudlacek Michal , Badura Petr , Mononen Kaisu , Blomqvist Minna , De Clercq Bart , Koski Pasi
Published: July 2018

Aims: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the largest public health challenges of our time and requires a multisectoral public-health response. PA recommendations state that all children and adolescents should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) daily and carry out vigorous PA (VPA) three times weekly. While participation in sports club activities is known to enhance the probability of reaching the recommended overall PA level, less is known about the contribution of sports club participation to VPA, and few cross-national comparisons have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to study whether participation in sports club activities is associated with meeting the overall PA and VPA recommendations among children and adolescents across six European countries, namely Belgium (Flanders), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ireland and Sweden. Methods: Analyses were carried out on existing self-reported national data sets using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Results indicate that approximately two-thirds of children and adolescents take part in sports club activities in the given countries. Sports club participants were more likely to meet the overall PA recommendations (OR 2.4–6.4) and VPA recommendation (OR 2.8–5.0) than non-participants. Conclusions: The extent to which overall PA and/or VPA is gained through sports club participation versus other settings needs to be further studied. Nonetheless, it can be argued that sports clubs have an important position in PA promotion for younger populations.
The expression of religious identities and the control of public space
Authors: Thompson Simon
Published: July 2018

To what extent may an historic nation impress its religious identity on the public space of its society? For example, does it have a right to ban the wearing of hijabs in schools, to insist on the display of crucifixes in school classrooms, or to ban the construction of minarets? My aim in this article is to critically examine the answers which liberal nationalism gives to these questions, focusing in particular on David Miller’s version of this theory. His key claim is that the religion associated with the historic nation may legitimately be given a predominant place in public space. After outlining the principal elements of Miller’s position, I shall criticise the general principle on which it is based, before challenging his views on several particular issues. My conclusion will be that, whilst the historic nation has the right to express its religious identity in the public space of its society to some degree, this right is significantly more constrained than Miller believes. Constraints are derived, in particular, from consideration of the particular nature of different kinds of public space, and consideration of what people need from such spaces, including the need for spaces in which they can express themselves and in which they can feel at home.
The communicative value of local languages: An underestimated interest in theories of linguistic justice
Authors: Riera-Gil Elvira
Published: July 2018

Contemporary theories of linguistic justice still tend to deal with a simple dichotomy between majority languages, assumed to be the best communicative or instrumental tools (thus the best tools in terms of socio-economic justice and political participation), and minority languages, assumed to be basically markers of identity (relevant only in terms of ethno-cultural interests when competing with the former). Two problems, intrinsic to the concepts used, shape such a duality. Firstly, it requires an empirical contextualisation of what is meant by majority and minority language. Secondly, it presupposes a sharp detachment between communication and identity in which communication tends to be understood as a simple information transfer. In this paper, I argue that, when both empirical context and an enriched notion of communication focused on effectiveness are considered, local languages, even if categorised as minority languages, do have an instrumental value which has received little attention up to now. Such an approach has normative and policy consequences. From a normative perspective, it strengthens the rationale for supporting linguistic pluralism, highlights the fact that linguistic preferences of multilinguals matter on instrumental grounds (even if languages learnt are local languages) and suggests that assuming the communicative superiority of most widely spread or majority languages entails a deviation from liberal neutrality, regarding the kinds of good life an individual can pursue. For language policies, it points to fostering a broad individual and institutional multilingualism aimed at sustaining plurality and based on a double enabling of people, in terms of both their linguistic skills and their fair opportunities to use local and wider languages.
TexTonic: Interactive visualization for exploration and discovery of very large text collections
Authors: Paul Celeste Lyn , Chang Jessica , Endert Alex , Cramer Nick , Gillen David , Hampton Shawn , Burtner Russ , Perko Ralph , Cook Kristin A
Published: July 2018

TexTonic is a visual analytic system for interactive exploration of very large unstructured text collections. TexTonic visualizes hierarchical clusters of representative terms, snippets, and documents in a single, multi-scale spatial layout. Exploration is supported by interacting with the visualization and directly manipulating the terms in the visualization using semantic interactions. These semantic interactions steer the underlying analytic model by translating user interactions within the visualization to contextual updates to the supporting data model. The combination of semantic interactions and information visualization at multiple levels of the data hierarchy helps users manage information overload so that they can more effectively explore very large text collections. In this article, we describe TexTonic’s data processing and analytic pipeline, user interface and interaction design principles, and results of a user study conducted mid-development with experienced data analysts. We also discuss the implications TexTonic could have on visual exploration and discovery tasks.
An a/r/tographic exploration of engagement in theatrical performance: What does this mean for the student/teacher relationship?
Authors: Bird Drew , Tozer Katy
Published: July 2018

With an emphasis on self-study and the connections between the personal and the professional domain, the authors reflect upon their teaching practice on a postgraduate theatre-based course using the research methodology of a/r/tography. The aim was to develop understanding of teacher/student roles and how these can affect learning. Through researcher reflexivity, focus groups and questionnaires, data were captured from students/participants responding to a video of the researcher’s solo performance work. The research presents itself through three a/r/tographic renderings. First, the experience of seeing tutors in unfamiliar roles is considered. Second, the impact of witnessing tutors taking risks as a performer and being vulnerable is discussed and, lastly, the work illuminates new ways of opening up as teachers. The authors explore how the student’s/participant’s perception of them as tutors seemed to change after witnessing them as artists and how this impacted upon student’s learning for their own assessed performance pieces.
Measuring Relationships Between Adolescents With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Their Teachers: A Psychometric Report
Authors: Van Loan Christopher L. , Garwood Justin D.
Published: July 2018

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) have difficulty forming and maintaining high-quality relationships with their teachers, yet they have the most to gain from positive relationships. The majority of studies examining teacher–student relationships have been correlational, focused on preschool and elementary-aged children, and relied solely on teacher ratings. To extend this line of research, we examined the internal consistency and internal construct validity of two new teacher- and student-report instruments assessing relationship quality. This brief psychometric study was conducted with 92 middle school students with EBD and their 11 teachers. Results showed strong psychometric properties for both instruments. Utility of the instruments in intervention work and future directions for research on the instruments are discussed.
Localized and targeted delivery of NSAIDs for treatment of inflammation: A review
Authors: Haley Rebecca M , von Recum Horst A
Published: July 2018

Inflammatory processes are increasingly being identified at the core of many different disease states (e.g. heart disease, cancer, diabetes). As such, anti-inflammatory strategies available through drug delivery have undergone renewed interest. Due to the systemic side effects of steroidal drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often preferred for long-term treatment of inflammation in a variety of applications. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally safe, there are some serious side effects that can be associated with their usage, particularly when given systemically or orally. Due to the high number of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the reduction or elimination of these side effects, such as is possible through local drug delivery, could have a very powerful effect on patient quality of life. This review comments on a sampling of existing methods for localized or targeted delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with the goal of helping future research groups to focus on bettering methods shown to be effective and filling the gaps of knowledge in this field. Additionally, commentary is made on the field as a whole, and the standardization issues that arise from its expansiveness and diversity.

Impact statement

This work provides an overview of research currently being done exploring potential drug delivery device strategies for NSAIDs as an alternative to systemic delivery. Commentary on this field is made in an attempt to aid future experimental design, enabling researchers to determine the drugs and delivery vehicles which are most advantageous for them to pursue, as well as suggestions to standardize the reporting of such future research.
The End of Casual: Long Live Casual
Authors: Chess Shira , Paul Christopher A.
Published: July 2018

This special issue is meant to provide an intervention. We are undertaking this project to broaden the corpus of Games Studies by both critiquing casual as a label, yet simultaneously legitimizing it as an important category of both study and play. Additionally, historicizing the terms casual and hardcore as categories uncovers the ways that the video game industry talks about its products and how academic work often replicates biases against casual games. To this end, we argue that the centrality of core games pushes many important texts to the margins. It is our goal, within this special issue, to revalue and reconsider the role of casual games within the larger ecology of game studies.
The Safety and Benefits of the Semisterile Technique for Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Pediatric Upper Extremity Fractures
Authors: Dua Karan , Blevins Charles J. , O’Hara Nathan N. , Abzug Joshua M.
Published: July 2018

Background: Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is traditionally performed following full surgical prep and draping. The semisterile technique utilizes minimal prep and draping, which was proven to be a viable alternative when treating pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and benefits of the semisterile technique for CRPP of pediatric upper extremity fractures. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of pediatric patients who underwent CRPP of an upper extremity fracture over a 4-year period. Demographic data, fracture type/location, and the type of prep technique (full-prep vs semisterile) were recorded. Qualities of intraoperative care were assessed, and postoperative care parameters were compared. Patient outcomes for the 2 techniques were compared using bivariate analyses. Results: In total, 219 patient records were reviewed including 160 in the semisterile group and 59 in the full-prep group. When comparing intraoperative parameters between the full-prep and semisterile techniques, the average room setup time was similar (20.6 vs 18.8 minutes, P = .52). However, the procedure times (32.1 vs 26.9 minutes, P = .04) were significantly shorter in the semisterile group. Nearly a 10-minute decrease in total time in the operating room was present while utilizing the semisterile technique (62.8 vs 53.6 minutes, P < .01). There were no statistical differences in complication rates between prep groups ( P = .31), and there were no infections while utilizing the semisterile technique. Conclusions: The semisterile technique is a safe and efficient alternative that may be used when performing CRPP of pediatric upper extremity fractures.
Optimization design using a global and comprehensive performance index and angular constraints in a type of parallel manipulator
Authors: Mei Jiangping , Zhang Xu , Zang Jiawei , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2018

The kinematic optimization of a type of parallel manipulator is addressed. Based on the kinematic analysis, the pressure angles within a limb and among the limbs are introduced, which have definite physical and geometrical meanings. In particular, a type of new pressure angle among the limbs (referred to as the second type of pressure angle among the limbs) is defined and considered to be one of the pressure angle constraints to ensure the kinematic performance. In the kinematic optimization phase, a global and comprehensive performance index, which combines the conditioning number of Jacobian matrix and pressure angles with the volume of workspace, is formulated as an objective function for minimization. One optimal kinematic design example that determines the dimensional parameters is provided to clarify the availability of the proposed approach. The analytical results indicate that good kinematic and dynamic performance can be guaranteed with the suggested design approach. Furthermore, the mutual effect between the dexterity and new pressure angle is analyzed. The effects of the pressure angle constraints on the minimum and maximum conditioning numbers and global dynamic performance indices through the entire workspace are discussed. The proposed research provides a method for the kinematic optimization design of parallel manipulators.
Popular Music Heritage, Grass-Roots Activism and Web 2.0: The Case of the ‘Save the Palace’ Campaign
Authors: Bennett Andy , Strong Catherine
Published: July 2018

Although the study of popular music heritage is rapidly becoming an established aspect of academic research, little attention has been focused on attempts made by groups of music fans to preserve aspects of their local popular music heritage when these are seen to come under threat. This article examines the ‘Save the Palace’ campaign in Melbourne, Australia, and argues that it provides an important illustration of the tenacity of local music fans when faced with the closure of an important venue, and their capacity to organise themselves into a cohesive campaign through social media technology. Through its examination of the online interactions that characterised the Save the Palace campaign, the article also facilitates an extension of the concept of the virtual scene beyond its more conventionally understood definition as a platform for fan discussion dedicated to a specific artist, genre or place. In the case of Save the Palace, a different manifestation of a scene is observed whereby fans of a broad range of artists and genres temporarily join forces online to protest against the threat to a specific aspect of their shared local music heritage. In this sense, Save the Palace also sheds significant light on how social media assist in giving a voice to competing discourses of cultural value. Thus, even as the Palace and countless other local music landmarks like it across the world are demolished to make way for new developments, their significance as important markers of local generational identity and belonging, and of emotionally inscribed urban identity, remains. Through their online sharing of personalised memories of the Palace as an iconic music venue, supporters of the Save the Palace campaign serve as a further example of how the internet has worked to broaden our understanding of the definition, nature and function of popular music heritage.
Classic cases revisited: Of hurricanes, cyanide and moral courage
Authors: Szawarski Piotr
Published: July 2018

All decisions made by doctors have a moral dimension. When a moral judgement demands a different course of action to one that represents the usual practice, many doctors do struggle. The inability to embrace such decisions can represent moral negligence, as often the consequence is greater suffering for the individual in question or loss of utility for the population. On the other hand, it takes courage to make such decisions as the society fails to accept them, even though decisions made are rational and morally valid. Clinical practice that does not conform to moral judgements can result in moral distress, burn out and job-leave. Reflective practice evaluating moral dimensions of clinical decision making is an important aspect of nurturing humanity, empathy and professionalism in the therapeutic endeavour.
Update on the role of brentuximab vedotin in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Tomassetti Sarah , Herrera Alex F.
Published: July 2018

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). It was initially approved by the US FDA for the treatment of HL after failure of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHSCT) or after failure of at least two prior lines of multiagent chemotherapy in patients who are not transplant candidates, and then subsequently, as consolidation therapy after autoHSCT in patients who are at high risk for relapse. However, the role of BV in the treatment of HL is evolving. BV has shown promising efficacy as a salvage treatment in the second-line setting prior to autoHSCT. Most recently, the ECHELON-1 trial demonstrated that BV combined with AVD for the treatment of newly diagnosed advanced stage HL improved modified progression-free survival (mPFS) compared with standard ABVD. Based on these results, the US FDA has approved BV as part of the initial treatment of advanced stage HL. With the approval of BV as front-line therapy, depending on how widely the use of BV plus AVD is adopted, the role of BV in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) HL may need to be redefined. BV retreatment can be effective, and studies of rational BV-based combination regimens may help to improve response rates and overcome BV resistance. Furthermore, BV has been demonstrated to be effective in the initial treatment of elderly or unfit patients, and ongoing studies are evaluating the addition of BV to initial chemotherapy in patients with early stage HL.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Schlesinger Sabrina , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio
Published: July 2018

Background

Epidemiological studies on smoking and atrial fibrillation have been inconsistent, with some studies showing a positive association while others have found no association. It is also unclear whether there is a dose–response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked or pack-years and the risk of atrial fibrillation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and atrial fibrillation up to 20 July 2017. Prospective studies and nested case–control studies within cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of atrial fibrillation associated with smoking were included. Summary relative risks (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model.

Results

Twenty nine prospective studies (22 publications) were included. The summary relative risk was 1.32 (95% CI 1.12–1.56, I2 = 84%, n = 11 studies) for current smokers, 1.09 (95% CI 1.00–1.18, I2 = 33%, n = 9) for former smokers and 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.31, I2 = 80%, n = 14) for ever smokers compared to never smokers. Comparing current versus non-current smokers the summary relative risk was 1.33 (95% CI 1.14–1.56, I2 = 78%, n = 10). The summary relative risk was 1.14 (95% CI 1.10–1.20, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cigarettes per day and 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.25, I2 = 49%, n = 2) per 10 pack-years and there was no evidence of a non-linear association for cigarettes per day, Pnon-linearity = 0.17.

Conclusions

The current meta-analysis suggests that smoking is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a dose-dependent matter, but the association is weaker among former smokers compared to current smokers.
Obesity, mental health, and sexual dysfunction: A critical review
Authors: Esfahani Saeideh Botlani , Pal Sebely
Published: July 2018

Obesity has profound medical, psychological, and emotional consequences and is associated with sexual difficulties. Little is known regarding the interrelationship between obesity and sexual functioning from a psychological perspective, and less is known regarding treatment options. This review examines these issues and considers various treatments. Literature searches were conducted to locate original research, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of obesity, overweight, sexual function, sexual dysfunction, psychological health, mental health, and weight loss. Research demonstrates an association between obesity, mental health, and sexual functioning, but has failed to identify casual pathways between these conditions. Clarifying such pathways is necessary to inform treatment guidelines for clinical practice.
Rivaroxaban vs warfarin in high-risk patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Pengo Vittorio , Denas Gentian , Zoppellaro Giacomo , Jose Seena Padayattil , Hoxha Ariela , Ruffatti Amelia , Andreoli Laura , Tincani Angela , Cenci Caterina , Prisco Domenico , Fierro Tiziana , Gresele Paolo , Cafolla Arturo , De Micheli Valeria , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Tosetto Alberto , Falanga Anna , Martinelli Ida , Testa Sophie , Barcellona Doris , Gerosa Maria , Banzato Alessandra
Published: July 2018

Publisher's Note: There is a Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LncRNA PVT1 triggers Cyto-protective autophagy and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development via the miR-20a-5p/ULK1 Axis
Authors: Huang Fengting , Chen Wenying , Peng Juanfei , Li Yuanhua , Zhuang Yanyan , Zhu Zhe , Shao Chunkui , Yang Wanling , Yao Herui , Zhang Shineng
Published: July 2018

Background

Defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but how PVT1 operates in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear.

Methods

PVT1 expression level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and hybridization in situ (ISH). Western blot or qRT-PCR was performed to assess the ULK1 protein or mRNA level. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under a confocal microscope and autophagic vacuoles investigation under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological role of PVT1 in autophagy and PDA development was determined by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays.

Results

We found that PVT1 levels paralleled those of ULK1 protein in PDA cancer tissues. PVT1 promoted cyto-protective autophagy and cell growth by targeting ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high PVT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we found that PVT1 acted as sponge to regulate miR-20a-5p and thus affected ULK1 expression and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that the “PVT1/miR-20a-5p/ULK1/autophagy” pathway modulates the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may be a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Micro-Extinction Spectroscopy (MExS): a versatile optical characterization technique
Authors: Kumar Anjli , Villarreal Eduardo , Zhang Xiang , Ringe Emilie
Published: July 2018

Micro-Extinction Spectroscopy (MExS), a flexible, optical, and spatial-scanning hyperspectral technique, has been developed and is described with examples. Software and hardware capabilities are described in detail, including transmission, reflectance, and scattering measurements. Each capability is demonstrated through a case study of nanomaterial characterization, i.e., transmission of transition metal dichalcogenides revealing transition energy and efficiency, reflectance of transition metal dichalcogenides grown on nontransparent substrates identifying the presence of monolayer following electrochemical ablation, and scattering to study single plasmonic nanoparticles and obtain values for the refractive index sensitivity and sensing figure of merit of over a hundred single particles with various shapes and sizes. With the growing integration of nanotechnology in many areas, MExS can be a powerful tool to both characterize and test nanomaterials.
Pore-throat structures and their control of terrestrial lacustrine tight reservoir quality: The Permian Lucaogou Formation, Jimsar Sag, northwestern China
Authors: Ma Ke , Hou Jiagen , Yan Lin , Chen Fuli
Published: July 2018

Understanding the structure of the pore throat is an important task for tight reservoir development. The common methods of studying the pore-throat structure include pressure-controlled mercury injection (PMI), rate-controlled mercury injection (RMI), X-ray computer tomography (CT), and scanning electron microscopy. We have used those four methods to understand the pore-throat structures of three main lithologies in the Lucaogou Formation, Jimsar Sag, China. The PMI results revealed that the pore-throat size of all of the lithologies ranges from 0.013 to [Formula: see text]. The RMI testing indicates that the different lithologies within the Lucaogou Formation illustrate a similar pore structure but a different throat structure. The testing of PMI, RMI, and CT together indicated that the size of the throat is the main factor affecting the permeability. The experiments’ results indicated that the pore-throat structures of the tuffaceous siltstone, dolomitic siltstone, and silty dolomicrite are better than those of the other lithologies.
The Renin-Angiotensin System and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Powers Scott K. , Morton Aaron B. , Hyatt Hayden , Hinkley Matthew J.
Published: July 2018

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Emerging evidence also reveals that hyperactivity of the RAS contributes to skeletal muscle wasting. This review discusses the key role that the RAS plays in skeletal muscle wasting due to congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and ventilator-induced diaphragmatic wasting.
Performance Fatigability Is Not Regulated to A Peripheral Critical Threshold
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Goodall Stuart , Howatson Glyn
Published: July 2018

The critical threshold hypothesis proposes that performance fatigability during high-intensity exercise is tightly regulated by negative-feedback signals from the active muscles. We propose that performance fatigability is simply dependent on the exercise mode and intensity; the consequent adjustments, in skeletal muscle and the other physiological systems that support exercise, interact to modulate fatigue and determine exercise tolerance.
Modeling Overuse Injuries in Sport as a Mechanical Fatigue Phenomenon
Authors: Edwards W. Brent
Published: July 2018

This paper postulates that overuse injury in sport is a biomechanical event resulting from the mechanical fatigue of biological tissue. A theoretical foundation and operational framework necessary to model overuse injury as a mechanical fatigue phenomenon is introduced. Adopting this framework may provide a more mechanistic understanding of overuse injury and inform training and preventive strategies to reduce their occurrence.
The importance of DNA methylation of exons on alternative splicing
Authors: Shayevitch Ronna , Askayo Dan , Keydar Ifat , Ast Gil
Published: July 2018

Alternative splicing (AS) contributes to proteome diversity. As splicing occurs cotranscriptionally, epigenetic determinants such as DNA methylation likely play a part in regulation of AS. Previously, we have shown that DNA methylation marks exons and that a loss of DNA methylation alters splicing patterns in a genome-wide manner. To investigate the influence of DNA methylation on splicing of individual genes, we developed a method to manipulate DNA methylation in vivo in a site-specific manner using the deactivated endonuclease Cas9 fused to enzymes that methylate or demethylate DNA. We used this system to directly change the DNA methylation pattern of selected exons and introns. We demonstrated that changes in the methylation pattern of alternatively spliced exons, but not constitutively spliced exons or introns, altered inclusion levels. This is the first direct demonstration that DNA methylation of exon-encoding regions is directly involved in regulation of AS.
Temos de nos defender
Authors: Migliora Neto Luiz
Published: July 2018

O Brasil precisa melhorar seu processo de defesa comercial para combater o dumping de aço chinês e, assim, estabelecer uma cadeia vertical de produção industrial.
A privatização não vai salvar a pátria
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: July 2018

Aumentar a produtividade dos serviços públicos ou depender Menos deles são as soluções para reduzir boa parte dos gastos do governo.
Seasonal and interannual variations in the [OI] 630 nm atmospheric emission as derived from observations over Eastern Siberia in 2011–2017
Authors: Михалев Александр , Mikhalev Aleksandr
Published: July 2018

Seasonal and interannual variations in the [OI] 630 nm atmospheric emission are studied from observations of airglow in Eastern Siberia. Among features of seasonal variation in this emission are a pronounced summer maximum, an autumn minimum, and a strong interannual variability in winter months, as well as an increase in the correlation coefficient with a monthly mean value of the F10.7 solar activity index in periods close to equinoxes. We identify possible causes and phenomena (including solar activity) that form the seasonal and interannual variations in the 630 nm atmospheric emission. In this study, we have used observational data from the Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISTP SB RAS, 52° N, 103° E) for 2011–2017.
Targeting Mr. or Mrs. Smith: Modeling and Leveraging Intrahousehold Heterogeneity in Brand Choice Behavior
Authors: Bruno Hernán A. , Cebollada Javier , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: July 2018

We develop a hierarchical choice model to account for the choice utility heterogeneity of individual shoppers that belong to the same household. Our model allows us to measure how much variability in purchase behavior exists among individuals in a household, and to compare this to the variability that exists across households. Because of the presence of multiple shoppers from the same household, we also extend the concept of household-level state dependence to consider state dependence at the individual level. We apply our model to five different grocery categories. We find that the intrahousehold heterogeneity in estimated brand intercepts and (to a lesser extent) price sensitivities is about 20%–30% of the interhousehold heterogeneity in these parameters. However, with promotion sensitivities, we find intrahousehold heterogeneity, in most cases, to be as large as interhousehold heterogeneity. Our state dependence results show that past brands purchased by an individual have a much stronger influence on subsequent purchases than those purchased by anyone in the household. We use our estimated utility parameters to compare the expected profitability of promotions targeted at the individual rather than at the household and find substantial (more than 50%) improvements in the incremental revenue of supermarket promotions.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1088 .
Does Adding Inventory Increase Sales? Evidence of a Scarcity Effect in U.S. Automobile Dealerships
Authors: Cachon Gérard P. , Gallino Santiago , Olivares Marcelo
Published: July 2018

What is the relationship between inventory and sales? Clearly, inventory could increase sales: expanding inventory creates more choice (options, colors, etc.) and might signal a popular/desirable product. Or, inventory might encourage a consumer to continue her search (e.g., on the theory that she can return if nothing better is found), thereby decreasing sales (a scarcity effect). We seek to identify these effects in U.S. automobile sales. Our primary research challenge is the endogenous relationship between inventory and sales—e.g., dealers influence their inventory in anticipation of demand. Hence, our estimation strategy relies on weather shocks at upstream production facilities to create exogenous variation in downstream dealership inventory. We find that the impact of adding a vehicle of a particular model to a dealer’s lot depends on which cars the dealer already has. If the added vehicle expands the available set of submodels (e.g., adding a four-door among a set that is exclusively two-door), then sales increase. But if the added vehicle is of the same submodel as an existing vehicle, then sales actually decrease. Hence, expanding variety across submodels should be the first priority when adding inventory—adding inventory within a submodel is actually detrimental. In fact, given how vehicles were allocated to dealerships in practice, we find that adding inventory actually lowered sales. However, our data indicate that there could be a substantial benefit from the implementation of a “maximize variety, minimize duplication” allocation strategy: sales increase by 4.4% without changing the total number of vehicles at each dealership.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Research roundup: July 2018
Authors: Som Rita
Published: July 2018

In brief

Cochrane review assesses efficacy of vaccines against typhoid fever Consensus on priorities for respiratory nursing research in the UK Nurses' experiences of challenges in administering medicines reflect existing evidence on medication administration errors and highlights the long-term effect on nurses and repercussions for the profession
Gabapentin and pregabalin in the pain setting: All you need to know
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: July 2018

The last decade has seen a marked increase in the use of gabapentinoid drugs for pain management. This, in part, reflects the shift from some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as issues arising from the protracted use of opioids. More extensive use of gabapentin and pregabalin has seen the clinical role widen to incorporate a range of unlicensed pain scenarios, as well as increased medicines costs.

The evidence for efficacy in some pain conditions, namely post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathic pain, is stronger than for non-neuropathic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia. Anxiolytic properties, as well as widespread availability, have encouraged recreational misuse, which is associated with doses outside the therapeutic range.

Safe use for neuropathic pain (central and peripheral), complex pain, and migraine, and the evidence for some non-neuropathic pain conditions will be discussed, as well as the emerging abuse issues. Anti-convulsant interventions will not be covered in this article, nor will use in children.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Morpho-physiological Characteristics Related to Yield and Yield Components in some of Iranian Wheat Native Populations
Authors: Mahmoudi Mehdi , Ghazvini Habibollah , Barati Ali
Published: July 2018

The study of the relationships between the yield components can help to understand the physiological basis of crop yields. This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 168 Iranian wheat populations from the aspect of morpho-physiological characteristics in the Grain and Plant Improvement Institute research center in Karaj. In order to calculate the error and correct the collected data, four wheat cultivars of Sivand, Pishtaz, Pishgam, and Sirvan with three replications were used as control groups. The control group was cultivated based on augmented design and genotypes were placed in separate blocks among the control groups. The treatments and control groups were divided into three blocks and each block containing 60 plots which were planted on one-meter beds and the spacing between each plot from other plot was considered 62 cm. The necessary measurements and samples of the movement were collected systematically and by observationally method and sampling from the statistical population of each plot. Data analysis, statistical analyzes of multivariate data including cluster analysis based on multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and simple correlation analysis between characteristics (Pearson) are done using statistical software SPSS and SAS.
Stability and Mobility of Lid Lipmnk in Acetonitrile by Molecular Dynamics Simulations Approach
Authors: Herasari Dian , Hertadi Rukman , M. Warganegara Fida , Akhmaloka Akhmaloka
Published: July 2018

Manuk lipase (lipMNK) from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp is a double lid lipase containing short and long lid segments. A few studies demonstrated that catalytic action of lipase involved the movement of lid segments from closed to open conformation upon the substrate binding. One factor that affects conformational dynamics of the lid segments is solvent polarity. The presence of acetonitrile in certain concentration has showed to enhance lipase activity. In this study, the effect of acetonitrile to the stability and activity of lipMNK was studied at the atomic level by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD was carried out by NPT ensemble at 358 K for 100 nano seconds in various ratio of acetonitrile:water solvent mixtures. The results showed that the conformation of lipMNK was stable up to 70%. However, the effect of lid movement was significantly observed since the concentration at 20% acetonitrile. Detailed molecular analysis at this acetonitrile concentration revealed that the two lids moved in different modes upon opening and closing movement. In the opening movement, the two lids appeared to move in almost simultaneously, while during the closing movement, it was observed sequentially, started by short segment followed by long segment lid.
The Farmers’ Water Management Training in Order to Manage Droughts and Water Crisis in Iran
Authors: Azizi Baharak
Published: July 2018

Iran faces a serious water crisis, despite the fact that there are different advanced water management systems in our country. The instability of farmland is increasing rapidly in subtropical dry zone. In the last 50 years, the water crisis has entered a new phase in Iran, due to the advent of technology and the possibility of digging deep wells, dams and consequently, unconventional consumption of underground aquifers, aqueducts, and underground reserves. Iran's cultivated land is estimated at about 16 million hectares which about half of it is water crops and the other half is cultivated as rain-fed. Water management is one of the essential requirements in the recent years due to the shortage of and the lack of appropriate distribution of rainfall and the occurrence of multiple droughts. The Sprinkler Irrigation and the Drip Irrigation are common methods to save water which minimize the evaporation. Agricultural education plays a significant role in improving water management in the farm and it is essential to train farmers and make them aware of the importance of water. The water crisis may lead to irreparable disasters in the future if we cannot train the people especially the farmers. The aim of this paper is investigating the strategies of water management by training the farmers in Iran.
Utilization of Nematode Destroying Fungi for Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes-A Review
Authors: Devi Gitanjali
Published: July 2018

Nematode destroying fungi are potential biocontrol agent for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. They inhibit nematode population through trapping devices or by means of enzymes and metabolic products. They regulate nematode behavior by interfering plant-nematode recognition, and promote plant growth. For more effective biocontrol, thorough understanding of the biology of nematode destroying fungi, targeted nematode pest and the soil ecology and environmental condition in the field is necessary. This review highlights different types of nematode destroying fungi, their mode of action as well as commercial products based on reports published in this area of research.
Investigation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses and Essential oil Yieldof Peppermint under Salt Stress
Authors: Gikloo T. Samandari , A. A. Mehrabi , S. Jahanbakhsh , A. Fazeli , Z. Tahmasebi
Published: July 2018

Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.) is aneconomically important medicinal and aromatic plant grown in different areas worldwide. Secondary metabolites were fundamentally produced by genetic processing;however, environmental factors affect their biosynthesis. Salinity is the most important abiotic stress which induces morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants.To investigate the influence of salinity stress (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mMNaCl)on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), proline, Na+ and K+ content, antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), protein, essential oil yield and dry weight of peppermint, a greenhouse study was conducted. The results indicated that salinity had a significant effect on foregoing parameters. Changes in chlorophyll content werepeak and stomata conductivity was a single function. Based on estimations, the highest chlorophyll contentwas recorded for low salinity (60 mMNaCl).The plant proline content was higher in stress condition compared tocontrol plants. The highest proline content observed in 125mM NaClconcentration was two times higher than that of control plants.There was an increase and then decrease in CAT and POX activities, respectively, in lower and sever levels of salinity.A single equation was the best-fit equation for changing PPO enzyme activity under stress conditions.The dry matter has been affected dramatically by salinity and decreased from 11.34g under the non-stress condition to 4.24 g under high stress condition. Essential oil percentage (in dry matter) increased in moderate salinity stress. We found that the amount of essential oil per plant was linearly decreased. So, the highest (9.78 g plant-1) amount of essential oil per plant belonged to control group and the lowest (4.6 g plant-1) wasobserved for full stress condition.
Molecular Docking Studies, Bioactivity Score Prediction, Drug Likeness Analysis of GSK-3 β Inhibitors: A Target Protein Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Joshi Akanksha , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Archit
Published: July 2018

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3 Beta) is a potential target for developing an effective therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, no such drug or molecules has been found till date which can cure AD completely. Few drugs such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are ineffective in the later stages of the disease. Therefore, with the advancements in computational biology approaches, it is possible to combat alzheimer’s disease by targeting one of the kinases i.e. GSK-3 β involved in hyper phosphorylation of tau (a reliable marker of neurodegenerative disorders). In this study, we have carried out alzheimer’s structure-based drug designing with GSK-3 β. By applying appropriate docking methodology, we have identified few plant-derived compounds which show enhanced target selectivity than the conventional alzheimer's drug (such as memantine). Here we enumerate the comparison among the current and future AD therapy on the basis of their binding affinities. As a result, a large library of compounds has been screened as potent drug targets. It was also observed that withanolide–A (extracted from roots of withania somnifera) has the potential to emerge as the eventual drug for the AD. Moreover, few other phytocompounds such as celastrol, kenpaullone, quercetin, alsterpaullone have also shown enhanced activity in the decreasing order of their binding affinities.