bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Purchasing Performance by Implementation of QMS Process Management Approach in a Manufacturing Company
Authors: Darestani Soroush Avakh , Houshyar Afsaneh Noori , Ismail Napsiah , Leman Zulkifli
Published: December 2012

Process oriented approach in quality management system has been introduced with ISO9001:2000. The international standard promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a QMS to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirement. The advantage of process approach is to link all parties in scope of business of the organization from suppliers, internal departments of organization to gather to make B2B communication and integration. In this paper, the process approach is defined based on QMS requirement. Supply department was proposed for implementation of process. Purchasing process was designed as a linkage between supplier and internal company departments. Performance indicators were developed and measured accordingly. It shows that process management can improve delivery capability, quality and monitor price of supplied parts by suppliers.
Comparative Research on the Undergraduate Program for Specialty in Materials Engineering
Authors: Liu Wen Hua
Published: December 2012

Based on the comparative analysis on the undergraduate program for specialty in materials engineering in the two universities at home and abroad, the courses design planning and some courses characteristic were discussed. Mode of cultivating innovative students and application-oriented students were also discussed with comparing the differences at the education procedure. Scientific and reasonable basic courses in general education and major courses in specialty are considered to be fundamental for training innovative students and application-oriented students. It is pointed out that cultivating of students with innovative and qualified ability are contributed to scientific collaborations with reasonable courses planning, hardware and facilitates, courses management and interactions between lecturers and students at class.
Effect of Renewable Distributed Generators on the Fault Current Level of the Power Distribution Systems
Authors: Zayandehroodi Hadi , Mohamed Azah , Shareef Hussain , Farhoodnea Masoud , Mohammadjafari Marjan
Published: December 2012

The presence of renewable distributed generator (RDG) in a distribution system will have unfavorable impact on the operating system because the distribution system is no longer radial in nature and is not supplied by a single main power source. With RDGs in a distribution network, it brings about a change in the fault current level of the system and causes many problems in the protection system, such as false tripping of protective devices, protection blinding, an increase and decrease in short-circuit levels. This paper presents the effect of RDGs on the fault current level of the system. The operating protection issues particularly in cases where RDGs are added to a LV distribution feeder are also discussed.
The Dowel Group Action in Jointed Concrete Pavement
Authors: Tan Yi Qiu , Li Yun Liang , Li Luo Ke , Xue Zhong Jun
Published: December 2012

The wheel load transfer across a joints in concrete pavement is accomplished mainly by dowel bar system, dowels are installed in order to allow shear load transfer across slab joints. The dowel group action has been examined in this paper via from using of 3-D FE mode. Numerical model results are presented in four formats in this study, including shear force diagram, load transfer ratio by shear force, dowel shear force distribution and dowel shear ratio. The relationships between applied wheel load and dowel group action will be useful in the design and evaluation of dowel jointed concrete pavements.
Subsidized Energy Pricing in Bangladesh and Consequences of Phasing Subsidy Out
Authors: Ahmed Asif , Shahariar Choudhury Mohammad , Sarkar M.A. Rashid
Published: December 2012

Subsidized energy pricing is a practice that has been followed by almost all the countries, especially developing countries. Despite the requirement of energy subsidy for an economy like one in Bangladesh, it is a parasite that slowly eats up government money and blocks the process of sustainable growth. Bangladesh is not a country which has enough energy resources to sustain for the long run. So, proper consumption and less wastage is a must requirement. Thus, phasing out energy subsidy through a gradual process is the only way to go forward. But, rationalizing energy subsidy has some consequences over the society, economy and environment. So, it is high time to promote rational energy pricing and to prepare for the consequences. The government and policy makers are expected to add up with the steps they are already taking to phase out energy subsidy and thus go for better energy security. In this paper we have discussed the present energy pricing in Bangladesh and the consequence she is going to face if subsidy is phased out. Also we have shown the environmental consequences due to energy subsidy along with a set of proper recommendations for our government to take Bangladesh in the path of sustainable development.
Analysis and Comparison of Pollution Flashover Performance of Porcelain Insulators in Distribution System 22 kV
Authors: Wimonthanasit P. , Chaidee E. , Jirapong P. , Thipprasert W.
Published: December 2012

Electrical insulators of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) of medium system are mostly porcelain insulator types that consist of pin type, line post, and pin post insulators. The distribution lines will be polluted by industrial contaminants, salt fog or natural dust. Experience shows that pollution flashover is one of the main natural calamities harming and affecting the voltage stability and reliability of distribution system. This paper compares the test results obtained from the artificial pollution tests according to IEC 60507 in the chamber for tests with standard porcelain insulators consist, pin post, line post and pin type insulators of medium system under same test conditions. The salt fog test results indicate that the pollution flashover performance of pin type insulator is less than to 50 percent of wet power frequency withstand voltage at equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) = 0.5 mg/cm2 and the leakage current (LC) of pin type insulator increased to 11.4 mA at ESDD = 0.5 mg/cm2 at nominal voltage. In the experiment indicate that AC pollution flashover performance of pin post insulator has better than line post and pin type insulators in the serious pollution area. This data will be useful to be guideline for solving problems and reducing power loss from leakage current on the surface of the insulators as a result of surface dirt and pollution. Moreover, it will be useful to select or design suitable insulators for using in places with salt conditions, high rainfall, high wind speeds and high humidity.
Optical Characterization of Erbium Doped Sodium Borate Glass
Authors: Abdullah Mardhiah , Azman K. , Azhan H. , Razali W.A.W.
Published: December 2012

Borate glass has been identified as one of the potential host for optical application. In this work, a serie of borate glass of the system (80-x) B203 –10Na2O- 10ZnO- x Er2O3 (x= 0.5 -1.5 mol %) has been prepared by melt quenched technique. Their optical properties by mean of the UV-VIS-IR and photoluminescence have been identified. From the result, there are 5 significant absorption peaks that corresponds to 487 nm, 750 nm, 820 nm,894 nm and 979 nm wavelength have been observed. Meanwhile there are six significant emission peaks have been observed which corresponds to 401 nm, 434 nm, 481.5 nm, 526 nm, 556 nm and 700 nm wavelength. Thus, from the photoluminescence results, the green, yellow and red spectrum can be expected. Some other results will be analysed and discussed.
The Implementing of Customer Management System in E-Commerce
Authors: Li Yong Ming , Bu Yan Bin , Duan Yong Liang
Published: December 2012

Using ASP.NET as a development tool is in order to develop this small trading company customer management system. This article appeared in recent years by trading on the domestic management system software analysis, combined with work experience, according to the software engineering approach to the small trading company customer management system, a system analysis, overall design, detailed design. Uses the popular client / server mode, select the database performance SQL, using efficient tools VISUAL STUDIO 2005, to complete the small trading company customer management system software design and development.
The Effects of Electromigration to the Solder Joint Formation: A Comparison Between 99.3Sn-0.7Cu and 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Lead Free Solder
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Nik Nurhidayatul Suhada A.R. , Somidin Flora , Ahmad Khairel Rafezi , Lee C.S. , Kamarudin Hussin
Published: December 2012

Electromigration effects on the solder joint formation of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu and 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder with Cu electroplated Ni layer wire were investigated. The electromigration effects on the solder joints were studied after current density stressing at 1 x 103 A/cm2 in room temperature for 0 h, 120 h, and 240 h. The research work found that intermetallic compound (IMC) formation on the joint is increases for both solders with longer period of current stress applied. Higher IMC thickness growth in 99.3Sn-0.7Cu solder joint compared to 99.3Sn-0.7Cu is detected and both anode regions of the solder joints show higher IMC thickness growth compared to cathode region. Experimental results show 99.3Sn-0.7Cu solder joint is more prone to failure under current stress compared to 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joint with thicker IMC which translates to higher brittleness.
Microstructural Study of Asphalt Mixture Containing Reclaimed Material
Authors: Khan Rawid , Lo Presti Davide , Collop Andrew
Published: December 2012

In this paper mixing of reclaimed material with virgin asphalt material has been studied non-destructively. Specimens prepared with virgin asphalt mix and with asphalt mix containing reclaimed material were scanned in X-ray Computed tomography (CT). The obtained Images were analysed for particles and pores (air voids) distribution. All the specimens were also tested in compression test and X-ray scanned while testing. It was found that distribution of reclaimed is not uniform through the samples. There is no considerable effect of increasing the mixing time on particles’ distribution. Similar trend of increase in air voids (cracks) with the increase in load was found for both virgin mix and for asphalt mix containing reclaimed material. Only at failure the increase in voids was found higher for specimens containing reclaimed material.
Feasible Study of Long Thin N-CMO and P-CCO for Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Seetawan Tosawat , Singsoog Kunchit , Srichai Suriya
Published: December 2012

We present feasibleness of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) from the long thin P-Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) and N-CaMnO3 (CMO) legs constructing of Cu electrodes, silver paint and ceramic plates to achieve good electrical conduction that improved the performance of the TEG module. The P and N legs synthesized by solid state reaction (SSR) method and measured thermoelectric properties in air dimension of 0.5×20×3 mm3 attracting on ceramic substrate size of 25×25×1 mm3. The electrical voltage and current as a function of temperature difference <160 K were measured. The module boundary condition, the distribution current, current density, distribution voltage, distribution temperature and thermal flux were simulated by finite element method for comparison. The TEG fabrication has been obtained the electrical voltage, current and power of 10 mV, 0.25 µA and 0.025 µW.
Investigation of the Dielectric Properties of Antimony Doped Potassium Sodium Niobate Single Crystal (K0.5Na0.5) NbO3 Grown by Flux Method
Authors: Saravanan R. , Rajesh D. , Rajasekaran S.V. , Perumal R. , Chitra M. , Jayavel R.
Published: December 2012

Single crystals of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) and 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% of Sb doped KNN crystals were grown by flux method. The formation of crystalline structure, microstructure, domain structure and the dielectric properties were investigated for both pure and Sb doped KNN single crystals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that pure and doped KNN single crystals have orthorhombic perovskite structure. The doped crystals have slight shrinkage in the unit cell volume. The partial substitution of the B-site ion Nb5+ by the Sb5+ ion in the KNN single crystal results in decreasing phase transition temperatures TO-T and Curie temperatures TC of the doped crystals with increasing amount of Sb. The dielectric properties of the doped crystals show significant improvement with doping concentration. The peaks slightly shift towards lower frequencies with increasing dopant concentration.
Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction; Novel Synthesis of C-N and N-N Ligands for Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Authors: Khammultri Namthip , Senamart Nichapha , Deepuppha Nunthiya , Wongkhan Kittiya , Jitchati Rukkiat
Published: December 2012

The Pd(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl boronic acid and aryl halide was investigated. We found that 1% PdCl2(PPh3)2,10% PPh3 and 1 M Na2CO3 (aq.) in refluxing 1,4-dioxane for 4 hours is the optimize condition. The desired products e.g. 2-phenyl pyridine and bipyridine derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Dynamic Energy Absorption of Filament Winding Conical Composite with Different Orientation Angle and Low Velocity
Authors: Jailani Azrol , Tajuddin Siti Mariam , Zulkipli Hanafi
Published: December 2012

Nowadays, the escalation of technology automotive produced a lot of transports. In connection with that, the rates of accident increased also. The application of composites from fiber is many used as a part of transport. The fiber composite used to absorb the impact directly from that accident. Filament winding is one of method to make a composite fiber. In this investigation, mandrel are made from wood with consists of cone with vertex angle 5ºand 10º. Glass fiber filament is use to winding the mandrel with different orientation angle. The orientations angle is 45°/-45°, 90°/45°, 90°/45°/90°, 45°/90°/-45°, 45°/-45°/45°/-45° and 90°/45°/90°/-45°. Resin epoxy used when process of winding start. Then, the specimen will test with impact testing in 4 velocities which 2.7 m/s, 3.1 m/s, 3.4m/s and last 3.8 m/s. Data from that testing will analyst and discuss. In conclusion, the result shown that both vertex angle and fiber orientation controlled the performance of energy absorption capability. The energy absorption increased when impact loading velocities increase. It is observed that different collapse mechanism have characterized the performances of specific energy absorption. The collapse mechanism happened are ring types splitting.
Deformation Modeling of an FGM Plate under External Force
Authors: Mortazavi Moghaddam A.R. , Ahmadian M.T. , Sarkeshi M. , Kheradpisheh A.
Published: December 2012

Deformation modeling of an infinite plate of functionally graded materials (FGMs) loaded by normal force to the plate surface is studied. The material properties of FGM plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations are based on stress-strain relation and the equilibrium force equation. Keeping generality, FGM plate has been assumed as a multilayer with linear material property in each layer while arbitrary exponential material property through the thickness. A plate made of Aluminum and Alumina is considered as an example to illustrate the effects of the volume fraction exponent and number of layers on the plate deformation response. Effects of number of layers on the accuracy of the plate behavior under external load are examined. Results indicate that at every certain power-law (M), there exist a number of layers beyond which no variation can be detected on the plate deformation response.
Hydrophilic Functionalized Bi-Layered Polymer Magnetic Core/Shell: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Darwish M.S.A. , Kunz U. , Peuker Urs A.
Published: December 2012

Different types of functionalized polymer magnetic core with diameters of 10-20 nm were prepared by condensation polymerization. Bi-layered polymer magnetic core nanoparticles were prepared by coating of magnetic core hydrophobic polymer shell composites of magnetic polyvinylbenzyl chloride with another layer. The second layer consists of 3-amino-1-propanol, butyl-l, 4-diamine or hexamethylenediamine The morphology and size of the magnetic polymer nanoparticles were characterized by TEM. The structure was characterized by IR, TGA and chemical stability against concentrated hydrochloric acid. The magnetic nanocomposites with hydrophilic behavior were easily separated by magnetic field and gives enhancing for using as nanocarrier in bioapplications.
Polycaprolactone Fiber Bundles Prepared by Self-Bundling Electrospinning
Authors: Thitiwongsawet Patcharaporn , Tiyajalearn Tanwa , Klinchan Aumnart , Thanatthammachote Chaninporn
Published: December 2012

Polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber bundles were successfully prepared by self-bundling electrospinning technique from two different concentrations (i.e. 12% and 15% w/v) of PCL solution. Self-bundling of electrospun fibers was induced by used of a grounded needle tip at the beginning of electrospinning process. Electrical conductivity of PCL solutions were increased and average fiber diameter were decreased by addition and increasing amount of pyridinium formate (PF) at concentration of 3, 4, and 5% w/v into either 12% or 15% w/v PCL solutions. The average diameter of electrospun fibers and bundles were in range of 2.1-3.3 m and 100-120 m, respectively.
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of the (Ba1-xCax)(Ti0.96Zr0.02Sn0.02)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Ming Li , Xu Zhi Jun , Chu Rui Qing , Chen Qian , Liu Yong , Shao Lin
Published: December 2012

Lead-free (Ba1-xCax)(Ti0.96Zr0.02Sn0.02)O3 (BCTZS) (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) ceramics were prepared using conventional solid-state reaction technique. The effects of Ca content on the microstructure and electrical properties of the BCTZS ceramics were investigated. High piezoelctric coefficient was obtained for the sample at x=0.02.
On the Issues of Asymmetry Observed in Heat Transfer & Material Flow in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Saha Roy Barnik , Chaudhuri Arnab Samaddar , Saha Subhash Chandra
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a standard CFD code, COMSOL is used to describe the 3-dimensional modeling of friction stir welding using threaded tool and based on fully sticking friction. A standard threaded tool profile is used for the full flow analysis including heat generation and heat flow. Temperature distribution is analyzed for full sticking and sliding condition. The effect of different operating parameters on the temperature distribution was performed.The importance of cell Peclet number is also investigated in the temperature distribution on advancing and retreading side. The results are in reasonable agreement with the predictions.
Parametric Optimization of Transmission Laser Welding Process Applying Taguchi Method
Authors: Barma J. Deb , Bandyopadhyay Asish , Pal Pradip Kumar
Published: December 2012

Through Transmission Laser Welding (TTLW) of plastic material is an emerging area of research and welding of plastic. For better process control, extensive research work is necessary to explore various aspects of this relatively newer joining process for plastics. This will lead to more effect utilization of the process yielding better weld quality. This paper reports transmission laser welding on acrylic plastic materials by using a diode laser system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to study the significance of the parameters on the performance of the welded joint. The results obtained from the pull test of the welded plastic plates have been used to with an objective to optimize the parameter settings used in the TTLW process by using Taguchi method.
Effect of Filler Metal’s Choice on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Aisi 304l
Authors: Ajari Abhishek Babasaheb , Raman Hayagreev , Bhuvanesh V. Ajay Shri , Sriram Manikanta , Ramkumar K. Devendranath , Arivazhagan N. , Narayanan S.
Published: December 2012

In this research work, an attempt has been made to study the weldability of AISI 304L using filler materials ENiCu-7 and ENiCrMo-3 by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. Investigations are carried out on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of AISI 304L weldments. Further, cyclic hot corrosion studies are performed on the various zones of the weldment in air oxidation for 50 cycles at 600 °C. Thermogravimetric data is collected at the end of every cycle and the weldments are characterized using XRD analysis.
Optimization Design, Modeling and Thermal Stress for the 12t Reduction and Distillation Container of Sponge Titanium
Authors: Lai Wu Xing , Yuan Ping , Xu Guo Qiang
Published: December 2012

The reduction and distillationcontainer in titanium-sponge-production is of great concern. In order to get access to a highly efficient vessel which can produce sponge titanium of high quality, a new structureof new material was brought forward in this paper. This new structure, with doublelayers, inner layer of carbon steel and outer layer of stainless steel, was a substitute for traditional single-layer stainless steel container. This new optimization method of 12t container brought in the paper can reduce the impurities in the sponge titanium lump andincrease the times of the container to use.Of cause, it has a great improvement in yield per unit time. For the purpose of improving the reliability of this new optimization structure, temperature and stress field was established and simulated by an integrated FEM/FEM system based on ANSYS. This theory, therefore, can be one of the solutions to the development of titanium-sponge-production equipments by means of the thermal stress field analysis.
Investigations on the Performance of Gta Welded Dissimilar Aisi 304 and Aisi 310s Subjected to Cyclic Hot Corrosion
Authors: Sahu Amar Parth , Kapoor Rishi , Prashanth T. , Kesharwani Jeet Kumar , Devendranath Ramkumar K. , Arivazhagan Arivazhagan , Narayanan S.
Published: December 2012

This research work aims at investigating the performance of the gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar AISI 304 and AISI 310S when subjected to cyclic hot corrosion in air oxidation and in the molten salt environment of K2SO4 + 60% NaCl environment at 600°C. The weldments are characterized for its mechanical and metallurgical properties. Tensile strength of the weldment is found to be 529 Mpa. Further the hot corrosion studies are performed on the various zones of the weldment and the corrosion products are characterized by the combined techniques of optical microscopy, XRD and SEM/EDAX analysis.
Structure Optimization and Welding Residual Stress Analysis of Twin-Web Turbine Disc
Authors: Shen Xiu Li , Dong Shao Jing
Published: December 2012

This paper has proposed a new shape of the twin-web turbine disc. Based on a design optimization of the shape of the twin-web turbine disc by finite element numerical calculation, we analyzed welding types and carried out the simulation of the welding process and obtained the residual stress. Finally we got a 5.8% weight loss and summarized residual stress of the welding and proved the feasibility of the new shape.
A Simplified Numerical Approach for Finding the Temperature Distribution in Submerged arc Welding Process
Authors: Datta Aparesh , Debbarma Subodh , Saha Subhash Chandra
Published: December 2012

The quality of joining has assumed a greater role in fabrication of metal in recent years, because of the development of new alloys with tremendously increased strength and toughness. Submerged arc welding is a high heat input fusion welding process in which weld is produced by moving localized heat source along the joint. The weld quality in turn affected by thermal cycle that the weldment experiences during the welding. In the present study a simple comprehensive mathematical model has been developed using a moving heat source and analyzing the temperature on one section and then the temperature distribution of other section are correlated with time delay with reference analyzed section.
The Use of Taguchi Method Based on Desirability Function Approach for Optimization of Process Parameters in Submerged Arc Welding
Authors: Roy Joydeep , Deb Barma John , Saha Subhash Chandra
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the Taguchi method coupled with desirability function approach is used for the optimization of response parameters in submerged arc welding (SAW). Desirability function (DF) approach has been introduced to convert the multi- response objective to single objective. Weld quality is greatly influenced by the weld parameters which directly or indirectly affect the response parameters. In the present investigation three process variables viz. Wire feed rate (Wf), stick out (So) and traverse speed (Ts) have been considered and the response parameters are hardness (H), tensile strength (TS), toughness (IS). Finally a confirmatory test has been carried out with the optimal process parameters for validation of the experiment.
Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Thermal and Tensile Behavior of Aluminum Weldments Using Double Shoulder Tools
Authors: Abdel-Gwad Ebtisam F. , Shahenda A. , Soher S.
Published: December 2012

Friction stir welding (FSW) process is a solid state welding process in which the material being welded does not melt or recast. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play major roles in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to understand effects of process parameters include rotation speeds, welding speeds, and pin diameters on al.uminum weldment using double shoulder tools. Thermal and tensile behavior responses were examined. In this direction temperatures distribution across the friction stir aluminum weldment were measured, besides tensile strength and ductility were recorded and evaluated compared with both single shoulder and aluminum base metal.
Optimization of Resistance Spot Welding on Aluminum Magnesium 5052 Grade with 23 Factorial Designs
Authors: Peasura Prachya
Published: December 2012

Aluminum magnesium alloys 5052 grade are also attractive in these fields due to their lower density and high specific strength. Therefore, it can be expected that the joining of aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys needs to be solved in industrial application. This research was study the effect of resistance spot welding (RSW) parameter on mechanical properties and macro structure. The specimen was aluminum magnesium 5052 grade sheet of 1 mm thickness. This experimental study aims at 23 factorial design optimizing various RSW parameters including welding current at 14,500 and 15,500 amp, welding time at 50 and 60 cycle and electrode force were set at 1.2 and 2.2 kN. The welded specimens were tested by tensile shear testing according to JIS Z 3136: 1999 and macro structure testing according to JIS Z 3139: 1978. The result showed that both of welding current, welding time and electrode force had interaction on tensile shear and nugget size at 95% confidential (P value < 0.05). Factors affecting the optimum were welding current of 14,500 amp. , welding time of 60 cycle and electrode force of 1.2 kN. This research can bring information to the foundation in choosing the appropriate parameters to RSW process.
Machinability Studies in Hot Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Upadhyay Vikas , Jain P.K. , Mehta N.K.
Published: December 2012

This work presents the influence of workpiece preheat temperatures on the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and chip formation. Machinability has been studied in terms of cutting forces, surface roughness and tool wear. Influence of preheat temperatures on chip morphology and roughness of chip back surface has been studied using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope respectively to get better insight of tribology at tool-chip interface. Based on overall observations, preheat temperature of 300 0C was found as the most appropriate parameter.
Experimental Investigation of Various Chip Parameters during Machining of the Ti25Nb3Mo3Zr2Sn Beta Titanium Alloy
Authors: Rashid Rizwan Abdul Rahman , Sun Shou Jin , Wang Gui , Dargusch Matthew Simon
Published: December 2012

Machining of Ti25Nb3Mo3Zr2Sn beta titanium alloy is carried out under two different heat treatments, solution treated, and solution treated and aged conditions. The chips formed after machining were cold mounted, polished and etched to reveal their microstructures. Different chip parameters such as average chip thickness, shear angle, undeformed chip length, and distance between serrations were measured and reported for both the heat treated samples for a wide range of cutting speeds, ranging from 5 m/min to 175 m/min. The results obtained were explained in terms of the heat treatment (hardness) of the samples and the cutting speeds.
Investigations into Effect of Tool Wear on Surface Integrity in Dry Turning of Al6061
Authors: Ashrafi Sina Alizadeh , Davoudinejad Ali , Niazi Abdolkarim
Published: December 2012

Aluminum alloys offer number of various interesting mechanical and thermal properties which classified them among most commonly used lightweight metallic materials. Generally machining of aluminum alloys inherently generates high chip sticking on tool face and changes the tool edge geometry, which not only reduces tool life but also impairs the product surface quality. This study investigated tool wear mechanism, surface integrity, and tool life in different cutting conditions to achieve finest surface roughness with considering longest tool life. Turning experiments performed under dry orthogonal cutting of Al6061 using carbide CVD tri-phase coated inserts. Constant depth of cut with different cutting speeds and feed rates utilized in experiments. Insert’s rake and flank faces investigated to figure out wear mechanisms. In addition scanning electron microscope (SEM) employed to evaluate various wear types. Surface integrity and effect of built up edge in surface roughness deviations studied in each cutting condition. Additionally, results of experiments demonstrated that built up edge covered tool cutting edge and increased tool life by decreasing pace of the abrasive wear propagation on the flank face with sacrificing surface roughness. All in all the main reason for flank wear was abrasive and adhesion of aluminum on tool faces.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces During Precision Turning
Authors: Vinayagamoorthy R. , M Anthony Xavior
Published: December 2012

The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is commonly used in aerospace, automotive industries and for manufacturing of medical implants, due to its biocompatibility. The objective of this work is to investigate the performance of precision turning using conventional lathe on Ti6Al4V under dry working conditions. A range of parameters that involve the machining processes were recognized and a consensus was reached to finalize its values. The proposed work is to carry out machining under the selected levels of parameters to evaluate the cutting force and surface roughness generated as the consequence of the machining process. Cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radiuses are considered as the machining parameters for experimentation. The variation in the surface roughness and the cutting force for the variation of each machining parameters are presented graphically.
Improving Grindability of Inconel 600 Using Alumina Wheel through Pneumatic Barrier Assisted Fluid Application
Authors: Mandal Bijoy , Biswas Debashis , Sarkar Anirban , Das Santanu , Banerjee Simul
Published: December 2012

A Stiff Air Layer, Formed around a Rotating Grinding Wheel, Tends to Restrict Grinding Fluid Penetrate Deep inside the Grinding Zone. for this, much Fluid Is Wasted, and Thermal Defects in Grinding May Not Be Controlled. in the Present Experimental Work, a Flood Cooling System with Pneumatic Barrier Is Used for Delivering Grinding Fluid. the Pneumatic Barrier Breaks the Stiff Air Layer, and Therefore, Grinding Fluid Reaches Grinding Zone. an Exotic Nickel Base Alloy, Inconel 600, Is Taken for Surface Grinding Experiments Using an Infeed of 30 µm under Different Environmental Conditions. the Effect of Different Experimental Conditions Is Investigated in Respect of Grinding Force, Chip Formation, Surface Quality and Wheel Condition. the Experimental Result Shows that Grinding Forces and Wheel Wear Are Remarkably Reduced, and Favourable Chips and Good Surface Quality Are Obtained with the Use of Flood Cooling along with Pneumatic Barrier Setup Compared to other Environmental Conditions.
Investigation on Precision Turning of Titanium Alloys
Authors: George Tarun Thomas , Venugopal J. , M Anthony Xavior , Vinayagamoorthy R.
Published: December 2012

The quality of a machined surface is becoming more and more important to satisfy the increasing demands of sophisticated component performance, longevity, and reliability. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of precision turning using conventional lathe on Ti6Al4V under dry working conditions. Various parameters that affect the machining processes were identified and a consensus was reached regarding its values. The proposed work is to perform machining under the selected levels of conditions and parameters and to estimate the, cutting temperature and surface roughness generated as the result of the machining process. ANOVA is used to find the percentage contribution of each parameter to the surface roughness and cutting temperature.
A Machining Test to Reflect Dynamic Machining Accuracy of Five-Axis Machine Tools
Authors: Mou Wen Ping , Song Zhi Yong , Guo Zhi Ping , Tang Li Min
Published: December 2012

NAS (National Aerospace Standard) 979 is the only standard well known in industry describing a five-axis machining test for measuring kinematic errors of five-axis machine tools. As it cannot reflect the tool path characteristics of typical ruled surface machining, five-axis machine tools which passed the NAS test may not have the ability to satisfy the requirement of the real industrial applications. To fill this gap between the NAS test and the real industrial applications, an “S” machining test is proposed in this paper. The case study shows that the proposed machining test is feasible and practicable.
Design of Experiment: A Statistical Approach to Understanding Factors Influencing Surface Properties of Sol-Gel Based Non-Stick Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Kumi Alex Kwasi , Chelashaw Allan , Zhang Yu Mei , Li Li Feng
Published: December 2012

Ceramic coatings based on sol-gel method have increasingly gained much attention in recent times. In order to ascertain important experimental factors (variables) influencing surface properties, such as adhesion, pencil hardness and advancing contact angle (non-stick) of sol coatings, a 26-1-factorial screening design with six experimental variables, precursor mole ratio, low surface energy polymer concentration, silane coupling agent (SCA) concentration, silica nanoparticles concentration (SNP’s),curing temperature and three responses ( surface properties) were investigated. The results indicate that silane coupling agent concentration, SNP’s concentration and their interaction were the most significant experimental factors influencing advancing contact angle. None of the experimental factors studied were statistically significant with respect to hardness and adhesion.
Implementing Continuous Improvement in Metal Casting: Case Study of an Aluminum Foundry
Authors: Wadhwa Rhythm Suren
Published: December 2012

The paper intends to identify and suggest improvements in two areas crucial for implementing lean principles in an aluminum semi-permanent casting small to medium enterprise (SME). This paper builds an analytical model to measure production performance and presents a case study of an aluminum foundry. The case study reveals the use of two lean principles of bottleneck identification and lean buffering could allow for timely response to customer requirements. This paper helps in identifying areas for lean manufacturing tailored to the needs to foundry SMEs, in which the number of published studies is very limited.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Submerged Arc Welding by Weighted Principal Component Analysis Based Taguchi Method
Authors: Roy Joydeep , Barma Bishop D. , Barma J. Deb , Saha S.C.
Published: December 2012

In submerged arc welding (SAW), weld quality is greatly affected by the weld parameters such as welding current, traverse speed, arc voltage and stickout since they are closely related to weld joint. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. There are several control parameters which directly or indirectly affect the response parameters. In the present study, an attempt has been made to search an optimal parametric combination, capable of producing desired high quality joint in submerged arc weldment by Taguchi method coupled with weighted principal component analysis. In the present investigation three process variables viz. Wire feed rate (Wf), stick out (So) and traverse speed (Tr) have been considered and the response parameters are hardness, tensile strength (Ts), toughness (IS).
A New Theoretical Method for Analysis the Material Flow Pattern in Forward Extrusion
Authors: Saghafi Babak , Abrinia Karen
Published: December 2012

Material flow pattern in extrusion is an important part of the forming process. Understanding and formulating the material flow helps to determine the optimum shape of the die and important details of the process. In this paper, physical modelling of forward extrusion of non-symmetric L-shape section has been carried out to obtain an experimental understanding of the material flow pattern. A theoretical formulation using the conformal mapping theory has also been presented to predict the material flow pattern. The conformal mapping function was set up to translate the non-circular cross-section region of special-shaped products into unit dish. The results for the material flow pattern for the forward extrusion of L shaped profile from circular billets are presented here. In the physical modelling tests plasticine was used as the model material and different coloured layers of plasticine were used to build up the billet. Experimental and theoretical results were compared and good agreements were observed.
Rolling Strips Varying Thickness with Elimination of Widening
Authors: Malekian M.M. , Isayevich L.A.
Published: December 2012

Widening is always accompanied with longitudinal rolling of strip varying thickness which is used for parabolic leaf springs production. The amount of this phenomenon at strip ends is highest which should be eliminated from end product. In this article a method for gradual elimination of widening during rolling passes is proposed. Idle rollers are used for elimination of rolled strip widening caused by rolling. A method is presented to determine tensile stress in the case of rolled strip drawing by idle rollers. Variation of ratio depending on reduction in width is studied.
Relationship between Kinematic Points and Deformable Surface Tension in the Area Contact and Force Deformation in Rolling Roller for Elastic Plastic Surface
Authors: Beisembetov Iskander , Oteny Yaraslav , Muraviev O.P. , Sikhimbayev Muratbay , Absadykov Bakhyt , Arymbekov Beken , Ussupov Sabyi , Sherov Karibek , Tkacheva Yuliya
Published: December 2012

The article examines the relationship of the kinematics of the deformable surface points with the stresses in the contact zone of deformation and strength rolling clip elastic and plastic surfaces. There is shown the features of deformation of two cylindrical bodies with identical elastic properties of solids and elastic plastic deformation. The features of deformation of the workpiece surface during rolling on the roller surface of the elastic-plastic are determined. A scheme for determining the kinematics of the points of the deformable surface rolling on the cylindrical surface of the roller without slippage are specified. The dependences of the radial and tangential stresses on the front surface of the roller which is resulting voltage changes depending on the half-width of the contact zone at the front of the video shows the main features of the process of elastic-plastic deformation. We present the variation of the efforts of the deformation of the radius and the radius of the roller parts for different values of the depth of penetration and changes in the deformation force on the depth of the introduction of video for different values of the radius of the workpiece.
Studying Systems of Stabilization of Supports in Hydrostatic Machine Tool
Authors: Beisembetov Iskander , Ussupov Sabyi , Absadykov Bakhyt , Arymbekov Beken , Bektibay Birzhan
Published: December 2012

Development relevance to improve the operational parameters of the support units of machine tools in their design elements is introduced that increase the rigidity of the components, their carrying capacity, damp occurring vibrations in the process, the coefficient of performance (COP), smoothness of motion, positioning accuracy, reducing the wear of their working surfaces and maintain the original accuracy. A number of engineering development [1], [2], aimed at improving the above characteristics of the machine by changing and improving design of reference nodes used in these rails rolling bearings, aerostatic and hydrostatic guides, as well as the use of automatic control systems of its basic parameters, determine its quality. However, in some operating conditions in which errors occur, mainly due to the instability of oil-film thickness (gap) between the mobile and immobile elements of the hydrostatic bearing. For high accuracy requirements it will negatively affect the quality of machined parts and equipment performance. On this basis, it becomes apparent urgency of the problem of automatic stabilization of oil-film thickness (gap) in the IR. To ensure high precision equipment to improve power system hydrostatic bearing units of machine tools. This, in turn, creates the prerequisite for the development of stabilization systems of the gap in the hydrostatic bearing, with the help of which the thickness of oil layer in them would be kept constant even with significant dynamic load on the support.
Efficiently Produce Iron Concentrate from High-Purity Pyrite
Authors: Lv Meng Yang , Wen Shu Ming , Xian Yong Jun , Liu Jian , Wang Yi Jie
Published: December 2012

The study attempts to produce iron concentrate from a high-purity pyrite concentrate using oxidizing roasting at industry scale. The effect of key parameters, i.e., roasting temperature, excess air coefficient and roasting intensity on the Fe and S content in the pyrite cinder was fully investigated. The results indicate that the roasting temperature plays a key role in decrease the S content in the pyrite cinder; an increase in the roasting temperature from 800°C to 950°C decreased the S content in the pyrite cinder remarkably from 0.43% to 0.18%. The optimum conditions for produce a high quality iron concentrate from the high-purity pyrite concentrate were identified as roasting temperature around 900 ~ 950°C, excess air coefficient at 1.20 and roasting intensity at 4.36 ~ 5.61 t / m2•day. Under such a condition, high-quality iron concentrate containing 65.11% Fe and 0.21% S was achieved from the pyrite concentrate.
Recycling of SiC in Crystalline Silicon Cutting Fluid
Authors: Zhu Jing Jing , Huang Qun Qun , Yang Shui Qing , Luo Wei , Lin Jun
Published: December 2012

Both merits and demerits of existing recovery techniques of crystalline silicon scrap cutting fluid were analyzed and compared in this paper. In the thesis, a new separation process for separating and recovering SiC in crystalline silicon cutting fluid was presented. The performance index of recycled SiC powder is equal/familiar to the new one, and that can replace the use of new one completely.
Searching for a Pareto Optimal Solution Set of EDM Responses Applying Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing on RSM Model
Authors: Aich Ushasta , Pal Amit Kumar , Laha Dipak , Banerjee Simul
Published: December 2012

Simultaneous optimization of conflicting type responses like material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness (Ra) in stochastic type electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is a matter of concern to the process engineers. In this paper, EDM is first modeled by response surface methodology (RSM). Current setting, pulse on time and pulse off time were taken as the input parameters while material removal rate and average surface roughness as the responses. Multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) is then applied on these models. Pareto optimal solution set is thus developed. It would assist a process engineer to take decision regarding the optimal setting of the process parameters for a specific need-based requirement.
Friction Stir Processing to Increase the Application Temperature of Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy AE42
Authors: Govindaraju M. , Prasad K. Rao , Chakkingal Uday , Balasubramanian K. , Ravindran Comondore
Published: December 2012

AE 42 is rare earth containing magnesium alloy which was developed for creep resistance and automobile applications. This alloy was subjected to friction stir processing and the effect of processing parameters on the properties was studied in detail. Mechanical and metallurgical properties of stir zone were evaluated and compared with parent metal. Thermal cycling of stir zone was carried out to study the stability of it at high temperature. Due to processing, stir zone microstructure was refined to 5 micron. The second phase inter-metallic particles Mg17Al12, Al11Ce3 and Al2Ce were refined to tiny pieces of 1-2 micron and evenly distributed in the matrix. The stir zone was stable up to 250°C during thermal cycling. Mechanical properties of friction stir zone were superior to parent metal.
A Five-Axis CNC Machine Postprocessor Based on Inverse Kinematics Transformation
Authors: Tang Tran Duc
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a postprocessor for five-axis milling machine that capable of converting CL (cutter location) data to machine control data (NC program). The proposed postprocessor method is based on inverse kinematics transformation and postprocessor module is programmed in Visual Basic language. The Deckel Maho DMU 50 eVoluion five-axis machine with two rotary axes (B and C) on the table is modeled and verified in software VERICUT® to validate the NC data generated by proposed postprocessor.
Studies on Absorptivity and Marangoni Flow during Laser Sintering
Authors: Rohit T. , Kurian Antony , Senthilkumaran K. , Arivazhagan N.
Published: December 2012

Selective laser sintering (SLS) / melting (SLM) is a manufacturing technique which holds a very special place in the layer manufacturing process due to its widest range of material processing capability which no other technique can offer. It can process metals, rubber, composites, polymers and ceramics etc. As laser sintering technique is emerging as an advanced manufacturing technique, it is importance to study the phenomenon which affect the fabrication process, hence a study is undertaken to simulate the physical phenomenon such as laser absorption and Marangoni effect. By studying these phenomena, a much better control of the physical processes is possible during the laser sintering process of commercially pure titanium grade 2.