bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O sentir dos sentidos dos pescadores artesanais
Authors: Ramalho Cristiano Wellington Norberto
Published: May 2022

Tomando como base as próprias representações, os sentimentos e as práticas societárias dos pescadores artesanais da praia de Suape, em Pernambuco, este artigo analisa os processos sociais que fundam e são iluminados pelo sentir dos sentidos desses trabalhadores do mar, especialmente no que diz respeito à articulação da condição sensível (estética pesqueira) com o saber-fazer, a liberdade e a humanização na pesca artesanal.
Apresentação Dossiê Pensar com Pierre Clastres
Authors: Perrone-Moisés Beatriz , Sztutman Renato , Cardoso Sérgio
Published: May 2022

Este dossiê nasceu do Colóquio “Pierre Clastres: pensar a política a contracorrente”, realizado em outubro de 2009 no Sesc Pinheiros, sob organização de Beatriz Perrone-Moisés, Renato Sztutman e Sérgio Cardoso. Reunindo antropólogos, politólogos e filósofos, o evento foi pensado como parte integrante e como movimento paralelo a um colóquio internacional em torno da obra deste autor – “Pierre Clastres e nós: liberdade política e Estado coercitivo” – que ocorreu em Paris, em novembro do mesmo ano, sob a coordenação de Miguel Abensour e Anne Kupiec.
Introdução: Pensar com Pierre Clastres ou da atualidade do contra-Estado
Authors: Sztutman Renato
Published: May 2022

Tem-se notado nos últimos anos um renovado interesse pelo pensamento de Pierre Clastres, pensamento precocemente interrompido devido à sua morte em 1977. Muito debatidos nos anos 1960 e 1970, por conta da radicalidade de suas teses sobre a “sociedade contra o Estado”, os escritos de Clastres foram como que eclipsados nas duas décadas seguintes, seja porque pareciam excessivamente românticos aos seus críticos – afinal, a irrefutabilidade do Estado voltava ao centro das discussões sobre a política no mundo moderno e além dele – seja porque pareciam projetar sobre o material empírico (etnográfico, histórico e mesmo arqueológico) uma imagem abstrata e idealizada da “sociedade primitiva” una e indivisa.1 O intento deste dossiê é atinar, na contracorrente desse eclipsamento, para a atualidade do pensamento e da obra de Pierre Clastres
Por uma cartografia do poder e da diferença nas cosmopolíticas ameríndias
Authors: Lima Tânia Stolze
Published: May 2022

O artigo procura uma vizinhança entre Pierre Clastres e o perspectivismo ameríndio. Seu argumento é o de que a etnografia de Clastres, a Crônica dos índios Guayaki, é rica para se pensarem potências das cosmopolíticas ameríndias e seus regimes de diferenças. O enfoque é basicamente etnográfico, mas buscou-se ler Clastres no horizonte de suas alianças com a filosofia de Deleuze & Guattari.
Cartografias da ordem e da violência. Entre a guerra ameríndia e as “brigas de família” sertanejas
Authors: Marques Ana Claudia
Published: May 2022

Uma das ideias centrais da obra de Clastres é a de que nas sociedades primitivas a violência desempenha um papel político de conjuração do Estado, constituindo-se, desta forma, na base de sua ordenação social. O artigo que se segue propõe uma aproximação de sua abordagem da violência no que concerne ao tema das questões de família, etnografadas no sertão de Pernambuco há cerca de 10 anos. Sem desconsiderar a distinção fundamental entre sociedades de Estado e contra o Estado, mas reconfigurando os termos desta oposição, propõe-se, sob inspiração de Clastres, que, ao se considerarem dimensões políticas da noção de regra e das relações conflituosas, logra-se evidenciar a concorrência de princípios múltiplos e antitéticos de ordenação social também nas chamadas sociedades complexas.
Donos, detentores e usuários da arte gráfica kusiwa
Authors: Gallois Dominique Tilkin
Published: May 2022

Entre os efeitos do registro da arte gráfica dos Wajãpi do Amapápelo Iphan e seu reconhecimento como patrimônio imaterial pela Unesco,está o intenso processo de reflexão empreendido por jovens lideranças, emtorno das formas de imitação e replicação de conhecimentos. Esse artigotrata das conexões e traduções operadas por esses jovens, quando dialogamcom os mais velhos a respeito dos atuais contextos de apropriação e circulaçãode padrões gráficos, imagens e outros saberes valiosos. Se a categoria de“donos” de domínios específicos do universo está claramente posta, conectadacom a concepção de pessoa, e facilmente enunciada em modos tradicionais,sua translação para um novo regime, em que grupos étnicos ou políticosse afirmam ora como “donos”, ora como “detentores” de saberes emanifestações culturais, tornam mais complexos os regimes de autoridade egeram interessantes debates entre as gerações, bem como entre diferentesatores com os quais os Wajãpi se relacionam hoje.
Dos cantos para o mundo. Invisibilidade, figurações da “cultura” e o se fazer ouvir nos corais guarani
Authors: Macedo Valéria
Published: May 2022

Entre os Guarani, um extenso repertório de cantos figura entreos conhecimentos que acompanham o fluxo de pessoas em uma rede de aldeiasque se adensa no Sul e Sudeste no Brasil. A partir de meados da décadade 1990, parte desse repertório passou também a circular pelas cidades, emapresentações de corais infantis aos jurua (não-indígenas) e produção deCDs. Este texto se volta para essa conjuntura, que corresponde a umainflexão na estratégia de “invisibilidade cultural” historicamente predominanteentre os Guarani nessa região, caracterizada pela ocupação não-indígenamais densa e antiga do país. Para além desse contexto, o artigo destacaaspectos da produção, circulação e significação dos cantos como meio decomunicação e transformação junto aos Guarani.
BOUVIER, Pierre. Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon: Portraits de décolonisés, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2010, 280 pp.
Authors: Rolim Ariel
Published: May 2022

BOUVIER, Pierre. Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon: Portraits de décolonisés, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2010, 280 pp.
Pertencimento local, políticas de município e gestão de populações em duas áreas de agronegócio
Authors: Bezerra Marcos Otávio
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho analisa a relação do poder público municipal comcategorias de trabalhadores concebidos por segmentos de moradores quereivindicam o pertencimento local como externos à sociedade local(“migrantes”, “trabalhadores de fora”, “forasteiros” etc.). A partir do focoem dois municípios, cujas dinâmicas econômicas e sociais estão associadasao agronegócio, examina-se como a presença destes trabalhadores se configuracomo uma questão pública e se torna objeto de gestão da administraçãomunicipal. A percepção de que estes trabalhadores constituem umaameaça à segurança e as medidas que visam controlar sua presença nos territóriossão exemplos de questões examinadas. Desse modo, o trabalho procurademonstrar como as ações do poder público nesses contextos contribuempara a estruturação de relações de segregação espacial e social entrediferentes grupos sociais inscritos nos municípios.
DULLEY, Iracema. Deus é Feiticeiro: Prática e Disputa nas Missões Católicas em Angola Colonial, São Paulo, Annablume, 2010, 156 pp.
Authors: Petschelies Erik
Published: May 2022

DULLEY, Iracema. Deus é Feiticeiro: Prática e Disputa nas Missões Católicas em Angola Colonial, São Paulo, Annablume, 2010, 156 pp.
Drought may severely reduce the ability of wild Asian Elephants Elephas maximus (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Elephantidae) to resist opportunistic infections
Authors: B.M. Chandranaik  , Vardhaman Patil  , D. Rathnamma  , G. S. Mamatha  , K.S. Umashankar  , D.N. Nagaraju  , S.M. Byregowda
Published: May 2022

The present study was conducted to assess the microbial quality of water in forest waterholes in different seasons and its possible impact on wild animals, at Bandipur and Nagarahole Tiger Reserve forests in the state of Karnataka, India, during the year 2012 which evidenced drought, and the year 2014 which witnessed normal rainfall in these forests. The forests recorded the death of 39 wild elephants during April and May of 2012. One ailing elephant was confirmed to have high fever, diarrhoea, leucocytosis, and symptoms of colic. Water samples collected from major waterholes during the peak drought showed higher numbers of coliforms and several species of opportunistic bacteria including species of Vibrio and Campylobacter. In the year 2014–15, with normal rainfall, the death of less than 10 wild elephants was documented during April to May, 2015. We collected water samples from 20 major waterholes every month from June 2014 to May 2015 and assessed the water quality. We found that the microbial water quality improved in rainy season (June–September), started deterioration in winter (October–January) and became poor in summer (February–May). Though, the water during the summer of 2014–15 was equally of poor microbial quality as seen during peaks of droughts, the elephant deaths were relatively lower, signifying the role of normal rainfall in forests which provides the availability of fodder and water, which determines the general body condition and ability to resist opportunistic infections. We discuss the measures suggested and implemented from this study and their utilities at ground level.
Tirons of the world: a review of ‘tironid’ amphipods, description of new genera and species, and establishment of a new subfamily Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. (Crustacea, Synopiidae)
Authors: JUST JEAN
Published: May 2022

The classification of a group of Synopiidae is reviewed based primarily on new material from Australasia and the northern Pacific. A synopiid subfamily, Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. is diagnosed for the following six genera (3 new) consisting of 38 species (18 new): Tiron Lilljeborg, 1865, with 6 species, T. spiniferus Stimpson (type species), T. antarcticus K.H. Barnard, 1932, T. biocellatus J.L. Barnard, 1962, T. canadense sp. nov., T. lilljeborgi sp. nov., and T. sagamiense sp. nov.; Tironella gen. nov. with 3 species, T. altifrons (Reid, 1951, ex Tiron) comb. nov., T. bathyalis sp. nov. (type species), and T. pervicax (J.L. Barnard, 1967, ex Pseudotiron) comb. nov.; Glandulotiron gen. nov. with 15 species, G. pilocaputis sp. nov. (type species), G. salsevisio sp. nov., G. hexamatius sp. nov., G. spinipes sp. nov., G. concavus sp. nov., G. septimus sp. nov., G. meruspinosus sp. nov., G. bassianus sp. nov., G. curvispinus sp. nov., G. aotearoensis sp. nov., G. postremus sp. nov., G. griffithsi sp. nov., G. intermedius (Reid, 1951; ex Tiron) comb. nov., G. quadrioculatus (Dang & Le, 2012; ex Tiron) comb. nov., and G. australis (Stebbing, 1908; ex Tiron) comb. nov.; Pseudotiron Chevreux, 1895 with 4 species, P. bouvieri Chevreux, 1895, P. coas J.L. Barnard, 1967, P. golens J.L. Barnard, 1962, P. miratus sp. nov.; Metatiron Rabindranath, 1972, with 4 species, M. brevidactylus (Pillai, 1954, type species), M. bonaerensis Alonso de Pina, 1998, M. triocellatus (Goeke, 1982) and M. tropakis (J.L. Barnard, 1972); and Minitiron gen. nov. with 6 species, M. orpheus sp. nov. (type species), M. bellairsi (Just, 1981; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. caecus (Ledoyer, 1979; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. galeatus (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. ovatibasis (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. thompsoni (Walker, 1904; ex Tiron) comb. nov.

                Three species currently in Pseudotiron (P. longicaudatus Pirlot, 1934; P. sublongicaudatus Dang & Le, 2012; P. livingstonae Lörz & Coleman, 2013) are removed to Synopiidae incertae sedis. Metatiron brevidactylus (Pillay, 1957) by Ledoyer (1979) is removed to Minitiron incerta sedis. Species in the new genus Glandulotiron and a new species of Pseudotiron possess rows of elongate glands in uropods and the telson previously unknown in amphipods. A new key is presented for synopiid genera together with a key to world tironin genera and separate keys for the individual tironin genera. Global distribution and more detailed Australian distribution of the tironins are shown.
Critical analysis of the type material of Mutillidae described from the Australasian Region (Hymenoptera)
Authors: BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: May 2022

The type material of all species-group taxa described from the Australasian Region (including Wallacea) is discussed, and photographs of all extant primary type specimens are provided. To facilitate subsequent work and fix the identities of the taxa, 136 lectotypes are designated where appropriate. Type localities are traced and delimited as accurately as possible, and listed. The currently valid name for each taxon is provided and incorporated in a checklist of 324 species-group taxa. Although no critical revisionary taxonomic studies are involved here, ten new combinations for taxa which are obviously misplaced according to current generic concepts are provided: Bothriomutilla condonensis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Bothriomutilla doddi (Bingham) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Ephutomorpha lacinia (Smith) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Ephutomorpha xiphognatha (André) comb. nov., from Pseudomethoca; Odontomyrme cordatiformis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Odontomyrme elderi (Froggatt) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Odontomyrme fulvodorsalis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Odontomyrme haematogastra (André) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Orientilla manni (Krombein) comb. nov., from Stenomutilla; Neotrogaspidia tricarinata (Zavattari) comb. nov., from Mutilla and Trogaspidia. A new synonymy is also proposed: Trogaspidia cooki (André, 1895) = Curvitropidia pulawskii Pagliano, 2020 syn. nov. Corrections of publication dates for several publications are made, and brief comments on the geographic distribution of the Australasian mutillids are also provided.
Surgical Outcome in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgical Operations with Clostridium Difficile Infection
Authors: Fazl Alizadeh Reza , Li Shiri , Sullivan Brittany , Manasa Morgan , Ruhi-Williams Perisa , Nahmias Jeffery , Carmichael Joseph , Nguyen Ninh T. , Stamos Michael J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Postoperative Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has associated morbidity, but it is unknown how it impacts different operations. We sought to determine the incidence and postoperative morbidity following abdominal surgery.

Method: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2015-2019) was utilized to evaluate adult (≥18 years-old) patients who developed CDI following laparoscopic abdominal operations. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate outcomes.

Results: A total of 973 338 patients were studied and the overall incidence of CDI was .3% within 30 days of operation. Colorectal surgery had the highest incidence of CDI (1601/167 949,1.0%) with significantly longer mean length of stay (LOS) (8.0 days± 9.0, P < .01) compared to other surgical procedures. CDI patients also had a longer mean length of stay (6.6± 8.0 vs 2.1 ± 3.6 days, P < .01) and increased mortality (1.8% vs .2%, AOR: 4.64, CI: 3.45-5.67, P < .01) compared to patients without CDI.

Conclusions: This national analysis demonstrates that CDI is a significant complication following abdominal surgery and is associated with increased LOS and mortality. Furthermore, laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to have the greatest risk of CDI. Future research is needed to determine the exact cause in order to decrease the incidence of CDI by reconsidering the protocol of antibiotic use within the high-risk population.
Cross-National Social Influence: How Foreign Votes Can Affect Domestic Public Opinion
Authors: Malet Giorgio
Published: May 2022

Do voters follow the preferences of foreign mass collectives? Despite the growing research on policy diffusion and theoretical debates on the emergence of transnational public spheres, we know little about the impact of foreign votes on domestic public opinion. Yet, the results of elections and referendums may provide a signal to people in other countries and trigger a process of contagion. This study leverages the coincidence of the 2005 French referendum on the European Constitution and the fieldwork of two surveys to analyze the causal effect of cross-national social influence. Results show that the French rejection increased public opposition to the Constitution abroad. A process of cognitive activation explains why knowledgeable voters also grew Eurosceptic after the vote. These findings attest to the interdependence of national publics and contribute to our understanding of mechanisms of social contagion.
European Union’s Indo-Pacific Strategy: Policy Implications For India
Authors: Kaura Vinay , Singh Pratap
Published: May 2022

With China penetrating markets across the world, its influence over the European economies has reached an unprecedented level. Though the European Union (EU) has significant economic presence in many parts of Asia, it has not yet figured prominently in emerging strategic calculations revolving around the Indo-Pacific region. However, the increasingly fraught relationship between the United States and China, coupled with the prospects of slowing global economy, offer the EU member-states with the opportunity to enhance its agency in shaping the geoeconomic and geopolitical future of the Indo-Pacific region. The article argues that the EU is currently undergoing a significant recalibration in its relationship with an authoritarian China even as it faces the challenge of having to balance security imperatives with economic interests and, not least, having to contend with a lack of unity among member-states. The article recommends that the emergence of the Indo-Pacific construct should prompt both the EU and India in enhancing their cooperation to realise the collective vision of a democratic, open and rules-based international order.
Finite element modelling of the single fibre composite fragmentation test with comparison to experiments
Authors: Cao Yanmei , Xu Yang , Harrison Philip , McCarthy Edward D , Mulvihill Daniel M
Published: May 2022

This paper develops a finite element (FE) model of the single fibre fragmentation test designed for direct comparison with experimental results on an E-glass/epoxy system by McCarthy et al. (2015). Interface behaviour is modelled via a cohesive surface, and stochastic Weibull fibre strengths (determined by independent experiments) assigned at random to the elements along the fibre. Predictions from the model agree with experiment for a range of outputs: The evolution of the number of fibre breaks with strain is similar and breaks occur at random locations as required. The model also captures a transition to a Uniform (rather than Weibull) statistical distribution of break locations at later stages of the test consistent with recent experiments. The evolution of the cumulative distribution of fragment lengths is also similar to that of the experiment. In addition, fibre axial stress and interfacial shear stress distributions conform with experimental observation. Correct model predictions of break locations confirm the approach taken on assigning stochastic (Weibull) strengths along the fibre. The effectiveness of the FE model in capturing a number of key aspects of the fragmentation phenomenon suggest its usefulness as a tool in analysing and interpreting fibre fragmentation tests, including back-calculation of interfacial shear strength.
The Effect of Think Aloud on Performance and Brain Oxygenation During Cycling – An Exploratory Study
Authors: Whitehead Amy , Montgomery Catharine , Swettenham Laura , Robinson Nicola J.
Published: May 2022

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Think Aloud (TA) on performance in trained and untrained participants, using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, during incrementally paced cycling. A mixed design was implemented with cycling expertise (10 untrained vs. 9 trained) as the between groups variable and trial stage (5 stages of increasing effort), and condition (silent vs. TA) as within groups independent variables (IVs). Dependent measures were changes in cortical oxygenation (O2Hb) in 12 areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and physiological indicators of percentage heart rate maximum (%HRmax), average power output (APO), peak power output (PPO), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate ([La]b) over time. Trained cyclists had higher APO and significantly higher PPO from stages 2–5, in addition to a greater increase in PPO over the duration of the test (range 168W–480 W vs. 133W–313 W). There were significant main effects of stage on %HRmax, Bla and RPE ( p < .001), with effect sizes (ήp2) ranging from .31 to .97. On average, HRmax%, [La]b and RPE were significantly lower after stage 2 onwards within the TA trial than the silent trial, even though similar power outputs were obtained. Thus, the TA trial elicited a better pacing strategy. There was no main effect of group on changes in O2Hb, though O2Hb did change as a function of stage in four areas of the PFC, and as a function of condition in one area. In this first study to assess the effects of TA on performance during self-paced cycling, TA did not disrupt performance outcomes at low through to high levels of physical exertion for either untrained or trained participants.
Keep Calm and Be Humble: Can Intellectual Humility Predict Test Anxiety?
Authors: Huynh Ho Phi , Sramek Kristin N. , Sifuentes Katherine A. , Lilley Malin K. , Bautista Elia M.
Published: May 2022

Test anxiety is common and may lead to a range of negative outcomes, including poor exam performance. Therefore, it is important to explore psychological predictors of test anxiety. In this paper, we examined whether intellectual humility can predict test anxiety. In Study 1, college students ( N = 181) completed an intellectual humility measure with four subscales and two different measures of test anxiety. In Study 2 ( N = 196), a community sample recruited from an online workforce completed the same measures. In both studies, we found that intellectual humility was negatively related to test anxiety, such that higher intellectual humility predicted lower test anxiety. Specifically, Study 1 demonstrated a negative correlation between intellectual humility and the Sarason Test Anxiety Scale; Study 2 confirmed this negative relationship with both the Sarason and Westside test anxiety scales. We also found that this relationship was largely driven by the intellectual humility subscale of Independence of Intellect and Ego. Additionally, these results were present even when controlling for key demographic factors. These findings highlight intellectual humility’s role in predicting exam anxiety and offer a potential avenue for intellectual humility to be leveraged into interventions to decrease exam anxiety in the future.
‘My neighbourhood is fuzzy, not hard and fast’: Individual and contextual associations with perceived residential neighbourhood boundaries among ageing Americans
Authors: Finlay Jessica , Jang Joy , Esposito Michael , McClure Leslie , Judd Suzanne , Clarke Philippa
Published: May 2022

Neighbourhoods are fluid social and spatial constructs that vary by person and place. How do residential neighbourhoods shift as people age? This mixed-methods study investigates how perceived neighbourhood boundaries and size vary by individual and contextual characteristics. Semi-structured interviews with 125 adults aged 55–92 years living in the Minneapolis (Minnesota) metropolitan area suggested that neighbourhood boundaries are ‘fuzzy’. Qualitative thematic analysis identified duration of residence and housing stability, race, life-space mobility, social capital, sense of safety, and the built and social environment as key neighbourhood determinants. This informed quantitative analyses among 7811 respondents (mean age 72) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study who self-reported how many blocks composed their neighbourhoods. We tested individual and contextual factors identified in the qualitative results as related to perceived neighbourhood size. Three-level gamma regression models showed that being older, white, less educated, lower income, less physically and cognitively healthy, less active, less socially supported, and feeling unsafe were significantly associated with smaller self-reported neighbourhood sizes. Further, living in less racially diverse, less dense, and less affluent areas were significantly associated with smaller neighbourhoods. The mixed-methods findings deepen understanding of scale in neighbourhood-based research, inform urban planning interventions, and help understand what ‘neighbourhood’ means among diverse ageing Americans.
Bivalirudin versus heparin anticoagulation in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Huang Daochao , Guan QiongChan , Qin Jie , Shan Renfei , Wu Jinhong , Zhang Chuang
Published: May 2022

Objective

Bivalirudin has been suggested as an alternative to heparin for anticoagulation in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Nevertheless, there is limited evidence about the benefit of bivalirudin in ECMO patients compared with heparin. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of bivalirudin versus heparin on clinical outcomes in patients receiving ECMO.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception up to 1 April 2022 for cohort studies and randomized controlled trials comparing bivalirudin versus heparin in patients who received ECMO. The primary outcome was short-term death. Secondary outcomes included thrombotic events and bleeding events.

Results

We selected 12 retrospective cohort studies with 1232 ECMO patients focusing on bivalirudin anticoagulation (n = 497) versus heparin anticoagulation (n = 735). Two hundred and one of 497 patients (40.4%) in the bivalirudin group versus 350 of 735 patients (47.6%) in the heparin group did not survive to hospital discharge. Compared with the heparin group, bivalirudin anticoagulation did not significantly decrease in-hospital mortality in patients receiving ECMO (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.79–1.13; p = 0.546). Fifty-seven of 374 patients (15.2%) in the bivalirudin versus 99 of 381 patients (26.0%) in the heparin group suffered from thrombotic events. Compared with the heparin group, bivalirudin anticoagulation did not significantly decrease the rate of thrombotic events for patients receiving ECMO (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45–1.35; p = 0.378). However, bivalirudin anticoagulation significantly decreased the incidence of bleeding events compared to the heparin group (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.95; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

Compared with heparin anticoagulation, bivalirudin did not decrease the rates of short-term mortality and thrombotic events, but reduced the incidence of bleeding events in patients receiving ECMO.
Lived experiences of diversity in group analytic training and as a qualified group analyst: an autoethnographic study
Authors: Vosmer Susanne
Published: May 2022

My evocative and analytical autoethnography explored the lived experience of diversity during group analytic training and as group analyst. Bakhtin’s dialogism was used to analyse texts. Data analysis has revealed pervasive experiences of racism and discomfort about social class and gender disparity. Religion was not included in my training and achieving feminine autonomy was difficult in group analysis. Linked to patriarchy, colonialism, and perhaps the Holocaust, my analysis suggests that we need to rethink gender and religious certainties. Our morality leaves much to be desired when we do not embrace polyphony, diverse voices. Embracing diversity may also entail discarding the Oedipus Complex. Group analytic training institutes should consider different fee structures so that disadvantaged people can join our elitist circle.
Validity of The Evaluation System of Children and Adolescents to Measure Executive Functions: Convergent Validity
Authors: Rossignoli-Palomeque Teresa , Perez-Hernandez Elena
Published: May 2022

Executive functions (EFs) refer to a set of cognitive skills used to achieve goals and adapt to novelty and social situations. These cognitive skills strongly impact people’s daily lives. Hence, assessing these skills is important for an early intervention to address their lack if need be. Nevertheless, relevant scientific literature reports difficulties in assessing EFs, as they are a set of processes that involve many dimensions. Further, there are differences between everyday situations wherein EFs are employed and the context of a typical performance-based task, involving the use of EFs. Questionnaires are an excellent way to address these difficulties. The objective of this study is to test SENA’s convergent validity in terms of EFs’ assessment. The SENA is the first Spanish standardized questionnaire based on DSM-5 (2013), it assesses emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3–18 years. This experiment involved students from regular schools ( N = 140; M age = 6.97 SD = 1.02). Statistical analysis was conducted that compared a validated EFs test (BRIEF-2) and the SENA test. The results of this study suggested the presence of convergent validity between SENA and BRIEF-2 vis-a-vis EFs. Thus, SENA is a valid assessment for EFs that are called for in school and family environments for those who speak Spanish. That said SENA is more comprehensive than BRIEF-2, as it not only assesses EFs but also identifies the problems currently associated with the failure in employing EFs, psychological vulnerabilities, and personal resources that are lacking. SENA provides a complete picture of children’s and adolescents' behaviors and emotions.
Structural determinants of health workforce burnout
Authors: Affleck Ewan , Wagner Jacqueline Emily
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 has exposed the grim underbelly of a fragmented, regionalized, costly, and inefficient approach to health service that is an engine for health workforce burnout. A matrix framework that defines the nature of system-level structural determinants of burnout and their relationship to service-level wellness can serve as a useful tool to understand workforce burnout causality, and guide meaningful intervention. This could inform a constructive system-level approach to health workforce burnout through the establishment of harmonized principle-based interventions across health sector jurisdictions and stakeholders.
Layered dermal reconstitution through epigallocatechin 3-gallate loaded chitosan nanoparticle within enzymatically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/collagen fibrous mat
Authors: Badali Elham , Goodarzi Arash , Khodayari Hamid , Khodayari Saeed , Habibi Azizollah , Hasanzadeh Sajad , Khanmohammadi Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Biocompatible electrospun fiber comprising bioactive substrates has potential to implant into the wound site as a reliable therapeutic approach in tissue regeneration. Here, electrospun polyvinyl alcohol conjugated tyramine (PVA-Tyr) and collagen (Col) fibrous mat containing chitosan nanoparticle loaded with epigallocatechin 3-gallate (NCs-EGCG) developed and the composite was applied to evaluate in vivo wound healing ability of fabricated wound patch. The synthesized PVA-Tyr and Col were electrospun and crosslinked through peroxidase reaction in presence of vaporized H2O2 as an electron donor which covalently proceeded conjugation of phenolic groups and could develop hybrid fibrous mat in stable structure and uniform shapes. The EGCG as anti-oxidative/inflammatory substrate was encapsulated efficiently in NCs and released in a sustained manner. The hybrid fibers seeded with adipose-derived stem cells presented appropriate biocompatibility from biophysical and biochemical viewpoints and in following wound healing ability in a full-thickness excisional animal model. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed all typical absorption characteristics of PVA-Tyr and Col as well as NCs and EGCG. The results showed the perfect hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio and good mechanical and structural characteristics including shape uniformity and porosity. Interestingly, cellular attachment and proliferation on the PVA-Tyr/Col fibers containing NCs-EGCG were higher than control samples. The histological analysis of hybrid fibrous patch could be suggested the applicability of this structure as suitable skin substitutes to repair injured skin.
Association between Community Violence, Disorder and School Environment with Bullying among School Adolescents in Sao Paulo – Brazil
Authors: Azeredo Catarina Machado , Marques Emanuele Souza , Okada Letícia Martins , Peres Maria Fernanda Tourinho
Published: May 2022

The role of contextual-level factors in bullying is still not clear, and evidence is mostly from high-income countries. Our objective was to investigate the association between community violence, disorder, school environment and bullying among school adolescents. We used data from a representative sample of 9th grade Brazilian adolescents ( n = 2108) from the Sao Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP - PROSO). Multilevel logistic regression models stratified by sex were used to assess the association between variables at student and school/neighbourhood level and bullying victimization or perpetration. For both sexes, we found that adolescents who perceived high violence between students and high school disorder were more likely to be bullies and victims. Boys who perceived high community violence and disorder in their neighbourhood were more likely to be bullies (OR3tertile = 2.73 CI95%: 1.57–4.74). Girls attending schools where the principal reported high community violence and disorder in the neighbourhood (ORhigh = 10.24 CI95%: 2.11–49.59) and inside the school (ORhigh = 6.83 CI95%: 1.48–31.56) were more likely to be bullies. Boys from schools whose principal perceived violence between students were less likely to be victims (ORhigh = 0.35 CI95%: 0.16–0.78) and bullies (ORhigh = 0.21 CI95%: 0.07–0.64). Girls attending schools with signs or posters about tolerance/gender equality and about violence were less (OR = 0.12 CI95%: 0.03–0.50) and more likely (OR = 25.88 CI95%: 4.28–156.63) to report being bullies, respectively. Community violence, disorder and school environment were associated with bullying victimization and perpetration among adolescents. Sex-specific associations should be further investigated. Prevention and management of school violence in adolescence should consider contextual-level characteristics.
Examining the Factors that Impact Suicide Following Heterosexual Intimate Partner Homicide: Social Context, Gender Dynamics, and Firearms
Authors: Zimmerman Gregory M. , Fridel Emma E. , McArdle Kara
Published: May 2022

Despite a wealth of research on intimate partner homicide, research on intimate partner homicide followed by suicide of the perpetrator is sparse. Existing studies on intimate partner homicide-suicide: tend to be descriptive, not keeping pace with quantitative advances in the epidemiological and social sciences; have yet to examine how context impacts intimate partner homicide-suicide; and are typically limited to male perpetrators, given small localized samples of female-perpetrated intimate partner (homicide and) homicide-suicide. This study uses data on 7584 heterosexual intimate partner homicide and homicide-suicide cases distributed across 2465 places and 42 U.S. states from the National Violent Death Reporting System (2003–2018) to examine the victim and perpetrator characteristics, relationship dynamics, situational factors, and contextual features that influence the likelihood of committing suicide following intimate partner homicide. Hierarchical logistic regression models indicate that victim characteristics that increase the vulnerability to victimization (alcohol and drug use, mental health problems, less than some college education) decrease the odds of committing suicide following intimate partner homicide. Similarly, situational (victim weapon usage, additional perpetrators) and contextual (concentrated disadvantage, residential instability) risk factors decrease the odds of committing suicide following intimate partner homicide. Conversely, impairment of the perpetrator (alcohol use, mental health problems) and a more intimate victim-perpetrator relationship (spousal relationship, caregiver) increases the odds of homicide-suicide. Additionally, results indicate that firearms play an integral part in homicide-suicide as well as in decreasing the gender gap in homicide-suicide. The findings suggest that the internalization of guilt by perpetrators of intimate partner homicide may play a key role in subsequent suicide. Practically, limiting firearm exposure will not only reduce the lethality of intimate partner violence, but will decrease the odds of perpetrator suicide following intimate partner homicide. This is particularly true for female-perpetrated homicide-suicide, which is unlikely to occur without a firearm.
Association of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene rs4680 Polymorphism and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Dwivedi Archana , Dwivedi Nidhi , Kumar Anand , Singh Varun K. , Pathak Abhishek , Chaurasia R. N. , Mishra V. N. , Mohanty Sujata , Joshi Deepika
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can cause levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID). Genetic predisposition has a significant role to play in inter-individual heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation of LID. Despite accumulating evidence for the role of COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680) as a genetic basis for LID, to date results have been inconsistent. Early assessment of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) genotype might be helpful to stratify PD patients concerning their individual risk for LID.

Method

In this meta-analysis, we have used 9 studies, which were selected through online databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R (v-3.6) software. 5 genetic models have been used in the present study: Allele model (A vs. G), Dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG), Homozygote model (AA vs. GG), Co-dominant/heterozygote model (AG vs. GG), and Recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG).

Results

The results indicated a significant association between COMT rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism and LID risk. The genotype AA of COMT rs4680 is a risk factor for LID in PD patients under the recessive model (AA vs GG+AG) in the random-effect model. Analysis based on ethnicity showed that COMT rs4680 SNP allele A is a risk factor for LID development in Asian PD patients, while GG genotype is a risk factor for LID development in non-Asian PD patients using different genetic models.

Conclusion

The results of the present meta-analysis support that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of LID in PD patients having ethnic variations.
Recent advances in fused deposition modeling based additive manufacturing of thermoplastic composite structures: A review
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Negi Sushant , Kar Simanchal , Sharma Anup Kumar , Rajbahadur Yadav Narendra Kumar , Kumar Avinash
Published: May 2022

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the leading emerging technologies of Industry 4.0, which has been employed to develop sustainable engineering products, customized implants and sophisticated biomedical devices. However, the mechanical strength and durability of 3D printed parts is still lower than its conventional counterparts, which restrict its widespread use. In this regard, the use of short fibres (i.e. natural or artificial) and advanced nanomaterials to reinforce the existing polymer matrix has been drastically increased to improve the load bearing capacity of FDM printed parts. Hence, this article aims to provide a systematic review on thermoplastic composite structure prepared through FDM technology and summarizes the current knowledge about the use of various additives to improve the overall quality FDM parts. Moreover, the common defects associated with FDM printed composite structures and the methods required to improve the quality of FDM composite parts are discussed in this article.
Implementation of a Synergistic, Complementary Pharmacy Practice Model for an Advanced Heart Failure/Heart Transplant Program
Authors: Gormley Luke , Mullins Caitlin , Sylvia Lynne M.
Published: May 2022

Study Objective: A pharmacy practice model for an Advanced Heart Failure (HF)/Transplant program was designed to address gaps in medication access, medication education and transitions of care (ToC). Activities specific to these initiatives performed by a four-member pharmacy team (3 pharmacists, 1 specialty technician) are described. Methods: Data were prospectively collected in 2020 for 284 admissions involving a high-risk cohort of advanced HF/transplant patients and a similar cohort seen in an ambulatory HF clinic. Interventions including medication reconciliation, e-prescribing, patient consultation and telephone call backs were performed daily to ensure medication access on discharge and as outpatients, comprehensive medication education on a continuum, and improved ToC. Metrics specific to these interventions and revenue reflecting outpatient prescription volume were quantified. Results: Standardized discharge medication education was provided to 97% of the cohort (n = 275). Of the 51 patients newly transplanted or receiving a left ventricular assist device, 100% had medication access on discharge and received follow-up telephone consultation within 48 hours. ToC was performed on admission (97%), pre-operatively (n = 51; 100%), post-operatively (n = 51; 100%) and on discharge (97%). Outpatient prescription volume increased 42% with net revenue increasing 157%. Conclusion: A pharmacy practice model involving an integrated 4-member team improved medication access and education and allowed for ToC at multiple points in the care process thereby improving medication safety. Collaboration between pharmacists and technicians working in inpatient, outpatient and specialty pharmacy settings is encouraged to provide complementary care to high-risk patients.
The Impact of Pharmacists on Telehealth During Transitions of Care: A Literature Review
Authors: Lopez Nicole A , Kerelos Theopeste , Hale Genevieve
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To provide a review of pharmacists’ impact during transitions of care (TOC) visits utilizing telehealth. Methods: An electronic literature review was conducted on studies that addressed pharmacists’ impact on telehealth during TOC. Articles included in the review were randomized or observational studies, cohort studies, case series or case reports, literature reviews, or pilot studies conducted on adults. Articles investigating children were excluded from the review. Results: Of the articles identified, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the literature review. All of the studies were published in English between 2013 and 2021. Most were conducted in the United States of America (n = 12) with 1 conducted in Ireland (n = 1) and 1 in Australia (n = 1). The majority of telehealth monitoring was conducted via phone (n = 8), video conferencing (n = 3), or both (n = 2) in patients’ homes by pharmacists alone (n = 8) while the remaining studies involved telemonitoring by a combination of pharmacy fellows, residents, and/or students. These findings showed that pharmacist intervention in patient care showed improved patient outcomes and goal markers for a variety of health conditions as well as lower rates of 30 day, 60 day, and 90 day hospital readmissions. Conclusion: Pharmacist involvement in telehealth monitoring had a positive impact on TOC interventions and overall patient outcomes including decreased hospital readmissions and increased patient medication adherence.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Cheng Greta Jianjia , Nicklett Emily J.
Published: May 2022

Objectives:To examine the associations between neighborhood environment—perceived neighborhood social cohesion and perceived neighborhood physical environment—and physical activity (PA) and whether these associations differ by race/ethnicity. Methods: We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal study of US adults aged 50+ from 2006 to 2014 ( N = 17,974), using multivariate mixed-effects linear models. PA was repeatedly measured using metabolic equivalent of task estimated values accounting for the vigor and frequency of self-reported PA. Results: In multivariate models, higher levels of PA were positively associated with higher rated neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood physical environment scores. The effects of social cohesion were stronger among non-Hispanic Whites than among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx participants, while race/ethnicity did not moderate the association between PA and physical environment. Discussion: Intervention strategies that address social and physical barriers of neighborhoods could promote PA in older adults. Key implications for future research are discussed.
In-hand manipulation with a novel reconfigurable robotic hand
Authors: Nelson Carl A
Published: May 2022

One of the hallmarks of a dexterous robotic hand is the ability to perform in-hand manipulation (i.e., without re-grasping). In the field of robotic hand design, however, there are competing interests between dexterity, simplicity, and reconfigurability. It can be difficult to achieve all of these objectives simultaneously. This paper presents the design of a simple underactuated grasper which uses a gimbal and parallelogram mechanism to achieve in-hand manipulation while maintaining grasp. The new grasper also integrates elements which make it reconfigurable or metamorphic, and is readily adapted for different types of robotic fingers. The design is validated with a physical prototype, and its performance related to in-hand manipulation is evaluated using multibody simulations, showing improved range of reorientation of grasped objects compared to a more standard fixed-palm underactuated finger design.
Formulation of unified kinematics for overconstrained Schönflies parallel mechanism using vectorial algebra
Authors: Zhang Xing , Yang Mingxing , Mu Dejun , Wang Hongrui
Published: May 2022

This study establishes unified kinematics of Schönflies parallel manipulators (PMs) considering the constraint matrix. Based on vectorial algebra, the kinematics of 4-RRRRR PM is solved using the geometric relation between the links, which solves the PM problem that the vector method could not solve using several kinematic pairs and links. First, the overall Jacobian and Hessian matrices of the Schönflies PM are derived. Then, a complex 4-RRRRR PM was selected and the inverse displacement analysis is performed using a new strategy. The 6 × 6 Jacobian and 6 × 6 × 6 Hessian matrices of the mechanism are deduced. Finally, the kinematics is derived and the results are used to demonstrate the proposed method.
Ready to Learn: Incidental Exposure Fosters Category Learning
Authors: Unger Layla , Sloutsky Vladimir M.
Published: May 2022

Our knowledge of the world is populated with categories such as dogs, cups, and chairs. Such categories shape how we perceive, remember, and reason about their members. Much of our exposure to the entities we come to categorize occurs incidentally as we experience and interact with them in our everyday lives, with limited access to explicit teaching. This research investigated whether incidental exposure contributes to building category knowledge by rendering people “ready to learn”—allowing them to rapidly capitalize on brief access to explicit teaching. Across five experiments ( N = 438 adults), we found that incidental exposure did produce a ready-to-learn effect, even when learners showed no evidence of robust category learning during exposure. Importantly, this readiness to learn occurred only when categories possessed a rich structure in which many features were correlated within categories. These findings offer a window into how our everyday experiences may contribute to building category knowledge.