bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the particle size of organosolv lignin in the synthesis of resol resins for plywood and their performance on fire spreading
Authors: PAPADOPOULOU ELECTRA , KOUNTOURAS SOTIRIS , CHRISSAFIS KONSTANTINOS , KIRPLUKS MIKELIS , CABULIS UGIS , SVIGLEROVA PAVLA , BENJELLOUN-MLAYAH BOUCHRA
Published: March 2019

Scientists today are intensively seeking alternatives to petrochemical materials. Among others, lignin is a promising candidate because it is available in large quantities while its chemical structure makes its use possible in a variety of chemical reactions. Lignin, received by numerous methods from various feedstocks, is a promising material for the synthesis of many products like active carbon, thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, surfactants, phenolic chemicals, etc. In this paper, the potential of using Biolignin – a trademarked organosolv lignin from straw prepared by Compagnie Industrielle de la Matière Végétale (CIMV; Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) – in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins was studied by CHIMAR HELLAS S.A. (Kalamaria, Greece). Before its use, Biolignin was further purified and subjected to mechanical treatment for the reduction of its particle size in order to increase its reactivity. The effectiveness of the treatment was verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements that were carried out by SYNPO Company (Pardubice, Czech Republic). Resol phenolic resins were prepared with various substitution levels of phenol up to 80%. However, their synthesis process was smooth only up to the substitution level of 50%. The properties of the resins were determined with typical lab analysis. Their thermal behavior was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements that were conducted by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece. Their bonding ability was evaluated by CHIMAR HELLAS via their application in the production of plywood panels of three layers that were prepared following a simulation of the industrial process. The panels were tested for their properties according to the relevant European standards, while their performance relative to fire was studied with cone calorimetry measurements that were performed by the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry (LIWC; Riga, Latvia). All results were compared with that of a typical PF resin. It was found that the particle size of lignin affects the performance of the resins, while lignin-based PF resins are suitable for the production of plywood panels and have somewhat better performance relative to fire than typical PF resins. This study has been performed within the framework of the European project BIOCORE (biocommodity refinery for biofuels, chemical intermediates, polymers and materials).
Visual discrimination of hygiene tissue softness in the absence of haptic feedback
Authors: Carette Jessica , Leger Pierre- Majorique , Senecal Sylvain
Published: March 2019

Our perception of the softness of materials is dominated by the subjective interpretation of haptic stimuli — touch. Although softness is defined by the way a material deforms when force is applied, other sensorial inputs, such as vision and hearing, can be used to complement haptic feedback or when the material cannot be touched. Surface and bulk softness elements of hygiene tissue, such as surface roughness, embossing pattern, and bulk can be assessed visually. Softness is reported as the number one desired quality of hygiene tissue. So, it is of paramount importance to understand the criteria a consumer uses to judge softness visually. Consumers must rely on these other non-tactile senses at point-of-purchase or in e-commerce because they cannot interact with a product to judge the softness. This study proposes that a consumer can accurately gauge softness by sight alone, and that factors such as color tone, embossing, and image quality all affect the perception of softness. Stiffness and mechanical properties of the sheet cannot be observed by eye and can contribute to errors in visual judgement. We conducted an experiment using a complete pair ratio (round-robin) type comparison to evaluate the perceived softness of altered images of hygiene tissue with unaltered images. Images of hygiene tissue were altered to represent different lighting conditions or product color and digital image degradation. Our results suggest that yellow hygiene tissue is perceived as less soft than blue, and un-embossed tissue as less soft that embossed tissue. Reducing the image resolution to 10% of the original did not negatively affect the perception of softness.
Drying characteristics of biosludge from pulp and paper mills
Authors: Hovey Geanna , Allen D. Grant , Tran Honghi
Published: March 2019

Handling and disposal of biosludge has been a persistent problem for many pulp and paper mills primarily because of the material’s high moisture content and poor dewatering and drying characteristics. Most biosludge is landfilled or incinerated, and some is used as a soil amendment. To incinerate biosludge, the mills mix it with primary sludge, mechanically dewater the mixture to 15%–30% solids, and burn it with hog fuel in biomass boilers. For biosludge to burn effectively, however, it must be dewatered or dried to at least 30%–35% solids. A systematic study was conducted to examine the drying characteristics of biosludge collected from pulp and paper mills at various temperatures using a thermogravimetric dryer. The drying behavior of the tested biosludges was similar, adding fillers such as wood fines and biomass boiler fly ash to biosludge up to 30 wt% did not significantly affect the drying rate, higher organic content might make biosludge more difficult to dry, and increasing drying temperature significantly increases the drying rate as expected.
Modeling the influence of forming fabric structure on vacuum box dewatering
Authors: Sjostrand Bjorn , Barbier Christophe , Nilsson Lars
Published: March 2019

This investigation used numerical models to describe forming section sheet dewatering at the high vacuum suction boxes. Three different fabric structures were examined with numerical models for single-phase flow of air and for two-phase flow of air and water. This was done to evaluate how forming fabric structure influences sheet dewatering. The numerical models were compared with an experimental study of the same fabrics investigated on a laboratory suction box. The small differences in dewatering rate in the experimental study could be simulated with the models, which confirmed the validity of the models. This implies that these numerical models can be used to describe new fabrics and how they will respond in the papermaking process.
Discrete element method to model cracking for two layer systems
Authors: Varney Daniel , Bousfield Douglas
Published: March 2019

Cracking at the fold is a serious issue for many grades of coated paper and coated board. Some recent work has suggested methods to minimize this problem by using two or more coating layers of different properties. A discrete element method (DEM) has been used to model deformation events for single layer coating systems such as in-plain and out-of-plain tension, three-point bending, and a novel moving force picking simulation, but nothing has been reported related to multiple coating layers. In this paper, a DEM model has been expanded to predict the three-point bending response of a two-layer system. The main factors evaluated include the use of different binder systems in each layer and the ratio of the bottom and top layer weights. As in the past, the properties of the binder and the binder concentration are input parameters. The model can predict crack formation that is a function of these two sets of factors. In addition, the model can predict the flexural modulus, the maximum flexural stress, and the strain-at-failure. The predictions are qualitatively compared with experimental results reported in the literature.
Improving the inkjet codability of folding boxboard
Authors: Dahlvik Peter , Hausler Georg
Published: March 2019

Good inkjet printability requires a coating layer with good water absorption properties. A properly designed open coating structure helps to efficiently remove the water phase of the printing ink while controlling the penetration of the ink. The absorptivity of the coating is primarily dependent on the pigment type, as well as the binder type and amount. The pore volume of the coating layer can in principle be increased by introducing a structured pigment or a pigment with narrow particle size distribution. It is also important to optimize the binder type and level, with the aim to create a coating with higher void volume. The objective of this study was to achieve the best possible combination of sheet-fed offset and inkjet printability (i.e., one-color codability) by modifying the top coating formulation with respect to the calcium carbonate pigment type and the ratio of styrene acrylate/polyvinyl alcohol.
Discussion of the Structural Irregularities in the Plan for Architectural Design within the Scope of Earthquake Codes
Authors: İlerisoy Zeynep Yeşim
Published: March 2019

Earthquake codes are legal documents that set the minimum conditions for the construction of seismically safe buildings, and each country has different restrictions under different subheadings, depending on the seismic history of the region and the economic situation of the country. The biggest contribution to architectural design in earthquake codes is under the heading of "structural irregularity". If the design of a structure is regular, the behaviour of the structure under the earthquake effect becomes more rational, the resistance against the dynamic loads of the structure is increased, resulting in a better economic performance compared to the irregular buildings. To examine the visual expression techniques necessary for architects to be able to understand earthquake codes, eight different seismic codes for countries on active fault lines with different seismic histories were discussed, and it was revealed that limit values for irregularity definitions differed among them. The design decisions that will cause irregularities in the plan are considered comprehensively, and the precautions that can be taken against these irregularities are explained to architects in order to create awareness. In addition, because of the improved comprehension of visual forms in human perception, the subject is illuminated with simple but descriptive drawings. In conclusion, this study can be considered as a source for understanding regulations for seismic design, revealing information about architecture in the face of the ever-changing reality of an earthquake, and the possession of the tools that architects can use effectively in this regard.
Practical librarians on the libraries’ transformation
Authors: Stolyarov Yu. N.
Published: March 2019

The author analyses the results of the survey of the trainees of the Higher Library Courses of the Russian State Library on the key issues of the conceptual paper by Vadim Stepanov “The Libraries and librarians in the nearest 20 years, or waiting for singularity”, published in the “Scientific and technical libraries “ journal, № 2, 2018). Stepanov calls for transforming the li-

braries into radically different institutions which he considers the only way to avoid the disaster in the information era. Stepanov considers the libraries to be the outposts of extreme conservatism and archaism, and argues that their acquisitions of printed materials in the era of digital resources makes no sense. The audience of the Higher Library Courses is made mainly of the professionals with the university (non-library) background, who are at the same time the practicing librarians, or those who are learning to become librarians. Generally, they have rejected such attitude and supported the original core nature of libraries though insisted that the libraries had to be continuously enriched with new titles, creatively designed and well equipped for better user services. The trainees of the Higher Library Courses have given their consent to the author to use the survey results.
Librarian in charge of social media: Volunteering or staffing position?
Authors: Kholkhunova O. S.
Published: March 2019

Тhe problems of library services integration into social media are considered. The main activities of the library specialist working in social media are revealed. The opinion is expressed that the library account in social networks has not only a marketing function, but also an educational and service one. The example of applied research "Activities of municipal public libraries in Belgorod region on the grounds" held in 2016, Belgorod state universal scientific library, lists the shortcomings of the mission of the municipal libraries of the region in social networks, among them the lack of system and low frequency, incorrect processing of accounts, poor navigation, insufficient efficiency in answering queries of users and the support of dialogue. It is proved that the insufficient realization of the potential of social networks as a resource for promoting libraries and a platform for full library and information services is due to human resources. It is concluded that the library, the leading representation of the library in social networks, requires an employee at a separate rate for work in social networks.
Advantages of document deep thematic indexing for the information center acquisitions service
Authors: Soloshenko N. S.
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the main technological stages of deep the matic indexing and its benefitsfor the information center acquisitions service. The most common problems of journal thematic attribution as a whole in global citation indexes are considered. It is argued that deep document indexing leads to an unlimited number of document subject headings thus creating serials multiple thematic profiles that represent an increasing number of interdisciplinary studies. The specific examples demonstrate the dynamic links formation between the publication and a certain set of thematic headings, which makes it possible to identify productive publications with different basic profiles for specific subject areas.

A comparative study of 2016–2017 chemistry document arrays for VINITI RAS and Scopus journals selections was conducted. The Scopus journals analysis was carried out using the Scimagotools. In the Scopus database, the most representative thematic category is determined as "Chemistry, miscellaneous", which includes both polythematic and highly specialized publications. The maximum flow of Russian editionsarticles is noted in the field of physical chemistry with a significant number of productive journals with a basic physical profile.

This model of deep thematic indexing allows the information center acquisitionsservice to monitor the content of various subject areas and ensure the completeness of the resulting documentsetsfor the information products.
Learning Model “Make a Match” at Class XII IPA (Science) 2 Islamic Education in Senior High School 1 Pasie Raja, South Aceh Regency
Authors: Yuliadi Riza
Published: March 2019

This research deals with Learning Model “Make a Match” at Class XII IPA2 Islamic Education in State Senior High School 1 Pasie Raja, South Aceh Regency. The research conducted was Classroom Action Research (CAR). PTK is one type of action research carried out by education practitioners, especially teachers, lecturers, or instructors in the learning process in the classroom. . Based on the data obtained from the XII class Islamic Education subject teachers, there were 23 students in the XII IPA2 class, consisting of 7 male students and 16 female students. The findings show that there is an increase in student learning outcomes. The actions taken by Islamic Education teachers are Make a Match learning models. The aim is to create learning that is able to attract students' attention, provide knowledge to students to work together with other students in terms of understanding material, able to make students active and enthusiastic in learning. In addition, it can also make students able to reach the KKM graduation limit. The comparison between learning outcomes before taking action and after taking action reached 39.69%. Where the initial results before taking action are 39% but after taking action the student learning outcomes reach 78%.
Interactive Multimedia Development in Social Sciences Subject of Disaster Material at Grade IV SDN. (Public Elementary School) No.024183 East Binjai on 2017/2018
Authors: Suwarti Suwarti , Restu Restu , Hidayat Hidayat
Published: March 2019

This research deals with Interactive Multimedia Development in Social Sciences Subject of Disaster material in Grade IV SDN.(Public Elementary School) no. 024183 East Binjai on 2017/2018. As a product, interactive media is the result of solving a problem based on an audio-visual communication approach. The design of an interactive multimedia-based learning media is a visual communication design that is displayed through a monitor that can be presented at a certain time. The unavailability of learning media and the relevant learning models to be used because learning is not optimal, so the main focus of this research is the development of interactive multimedia-based learning media as an alternative in overcoming the problem of learning outcomes. This research was conducted from August 21 to November 20, 2017 in even semester at SDN (Public Elementary School) No. 024183 East Binjai having his address at Danau Laut Tawar Street, Sumber Mulyo Rejo, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province. Feasibility of using interactive multimedia on social studies subjects Disaster materials based on the results of validation from material experts and instructional media experts show that the average overall is categorized as "good" and is worthy of being used as social media learning media. The qualifications of Material experts are 82.30% with 84% percentage of guides and information, 81% multimedia material and 82.5 evaluations. The qualification of Media experts are 78% with a percentage of the assessment of each aspect namely 73% guidance and information, 82% operating software and 76% Systematic, aesthetics and media principles. Based on the results of the validation, it was concluded that the interactive multimedia of social studies subjects developed included very good criteria so that they could be accepted and used in the learning process.
Ludartin exhibits therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Xu Weiyuan , Miao Shenglong , Feng Yuchen
Published: March 2019

The present study investigates the effect of ludartin on spinal cord injury in rat model. Ludartin treatment decreased the expression of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in spinal cord tissues. The expression of glutathione and superoxide dismutase was enhanced. It also exhibited inhibitory effect on reduction of NeuN-positive cells. The proportion of TUNEL positive cells was also regulated. In addition, ludartin treatment prevented the onset of apoptosis which was evident by decrease in caspase-3 and Bax level and increase of Bcl‑2 level. Up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor‑α, inter-leukin‑1β and I interleukin‑6 by spinal cord injury was suppressed by ludartin treatment. There was improvement in locomotion of rats by treatment with ludartin. Ludartin treatment of spinal cord injury rats improves locomotion by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression and preventing cell apoptosis. Thus, ludartin has therapeutic importance in spinal cord injury treatment.

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Analysis of the process of internal audit in Ministry of defense of Ukraine
Authors: Ignatenko Andriy , Lysenko Mikhail , Loishyn Anatolii , Mazka Sergey
Published: March 2019

The article is of interest to specialists of internal audit, internal and financial control, and heads (commanders) of structural subdivisions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, military units, institutions and organizations in the systems, which directly organize internal control. The article substantiates the lack of preliminary coverage in the scientific works of the retrospective development of the system of internal audit and financial control. The scientific task of structuring existing information with the use of guidance documents and practical experience for the hierarchical construction of the transformation of approaches and views on the activities of structural units that monitored the effective management of state property and resources in the system of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of Ukraine was formulated. The article focuses on the delineation of internal control and internal audit. The necessity of implementation of internal control and its effectiveness is substantiated. The study analyzed the guidance documents that regulated the activities and the establishment of internal audit and internal control at the stages of its formation. The meeting covered the issues of transformation of financial control bodies in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, their main directions of activity and tasks were determined. Three stages of reforming financial and control bodies in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine were identified, in which there were changes in approaches to the construction of the internal control and internal audit system.

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the evolution of views on the purpose and objectives stated in the relevant provisions of the financial control bodies of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine during the period of Ukraine's independence from the standpoint of implementing the declared goals of Ukraine's integration into the international professional community. The introduction of internal audit as an independent activity is aimed at improvement of the control system, prevention of the facts of illegal, inefficient and inefficient use of budget funds, errors occurrence or other deficiencies in military units and budget institutions, improvement of internal control, and the adoption of sound management decisions in modern conditions.
ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІНДЕГІ ЭТНОМӘДЕНИ ТАРИХ ПЕН ТІЛДІК ПРОЦЕСТЕРДІҢ «АҚПАРАТ КӨЗІ» – КӨНЕРГЕН СӨЗДЕР ХАҚЫНДА
Authors: HAMİTOVA Elmira
Published: March 2019

Белгілі бір ұлт тілінің сөздік құрамынан орын алып, белсенді қолданыста жүрген

сөздер түрлі лингвистикалық және экстралингвистикалық себептерге байланысты ескіріп,

сирек жұмсалатын болып немесе мағынасы көмескіленіп, қолданыстан мүлдем шеттеп

қалуы мүмкін. Қолданылу дәрежесі әр түрлі салғырт (пассив) лексиканы құрайтын сондай

көнерген сөздер қазақ тілінде аз емес.

Бұл мақалада көнерген сөздердің екі түрі болып табылатын, қазақ тіліндегі тарихи

сөздер мен архаизмдер қарастырылады. Көнерген сөздердің мағыналарындағы

ақпараттардың бәрін жарамсыз, ескірген деп қарауға болмайды. Керісінше, ғасырлар

қойнауында тұнып тұрған сырларды, мәдениетіміз бен тарихымызға қатысты аса құнды

ақпараттарды көнерген сөздердің мағынасын анықтау арқылы алуымызға болады.

Ендеше, көнерген сөздерді құнды ақпарат көзі ретінде танымауға негіз жоқ.

Мақала барысында тілші ғалымдар арасында көнерген сөздерді терминқор

қалыптастырудың тұрақты көзі ретінде танып, бұл көзді тиімді пайдалану қажет деп

санайтын ғалымдар пікірі айтылады. Көнерген сөздердің мағынасын жаңғыртып

пайдалану арқылы, терминқорды ұлт тілі негізінде ұдайы байытып отыруға болатыны,

сонымен қатар көнерген сөздердің зерттелу тарихы туралы да сөз болады.
KADINLARIN SINIFI ÜCRETLİ EV EMEĞİ VE KADIN ÖZNELLİĞİNİN İNŞASI
Authors: ÇAKIR Hülya
Published: March 2019

Aksu Bora’nın “Kadınların Sınıfı Ücretli Ev Emeği ve Kadın Öznelliğinin İnşası” adlı

kitabı ele alınmıştır. Ücretli ev hizmetlerini cinsiyet ve sınıf temelli ayrım ve eşitsizliklerin

yaratıldığı, sürdürüldüğü ve bunlara karşı çıkıldığı gündelik pratikler içinde analiz etmesi

açısından önemli bir çalışmadır.

Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile yapılmış bu araştırmanın metodolojisine odaklanıldığında

araştırmanın konusu, amacı, çıktıları, veri toplama tekniklerine yönelik cevaplara

ulaşılabilmektedir. Başlıklar altında daha detaylı bir şekilde ele alınan araştırmada işveren ve

ücretli olmak üzere iki sınıftan yirmi yedi kadınla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, metinler

araştırmacı tarafından kodlanılarak nitel analiz süreci gerçekleştirilmiştir.Araştırmada gündelik pratikler ve öznelliğin inşasına odaklanılması cinsiyet rejiminin

toplumsal yapılarla ilişkilerinin ihmal edilmesine yol açmıştır. Görüşmeler sırasında sınıfsal

konum olarak işverenlere yakın oluşunun hem görüşülen hizmetlileri hem de kendisinin

görüşmeleri değerlendirme sürecini olumsuz etkileyebileceği kaygısını taşıdığını ifade etmiş,

bunu en aza indirmeye yönelik çaba gösterdiğini belirtmiştir.

Araştırmada gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler, araştırma konularının (ücretli ev emeği, sınıf,

kadın öznelliğinin inşası) geniş bir literatürle desteklenmesi, olgular arası etkileşimler göz önüne

alınarak, kuramsal çerçeve ile bağlantılandırılarak detaylı analiz edilmesi araştırmanın olumlu

özelliklerini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacı Bourdieu’nun “sınıfın yeniden üretimi, habitus, sermaye

(kültürel, sembolik)”, Young’ın “ev işi/yuva işi ayrımı”, Scott’un “idare sanatları”nı

araştırmasında detaylı bir şekilde ele alması ve değerlendirmeleriyle kuramsal yenilik

sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın ileride gerçekleştirilecek araştırmalara kaynaklık etmesi ve

çalışılabilecek konulara yönelik ipuçları vermesi de araştırmaya büyük bir önem

kazandırmaktadır. 
ORHAN PAMUK ROMANLARINDA “ÖTEKİ”
Authors: AKPINAR Soner , BÜŞRA Büşra
Published: March 2019

Birey, toplum hayatı içinde bir kimlik oluşturabilmek için öncelikle kendisini

tanımladığı bir “ben” kavramı geliştirir. Sonra kendini “diğerleri”nden ayıran noktalar üzerinde

durur ve kendisini diğerlerinden ayırırken onların kendisinden farklı yönlerinin de açığa

çıkmasına sebep olur. Böylece “ben” kimliği oluşurken iki taraflı bir ayrılık süreci yaşanır. Bu

durum, özne diğerlerini kendinden daha aşağıda konumlandırdığında “ötekileştirme”ye dönüşür.

Benzer durum toplumlar için de geçerlidir. Gerek bireysel gerek toplumsal düzeyde olsun

ötekileştirme olgusuna, edebiyat eserlerinde sıklıkla rastlanır. Orhan Pamuk da romanlarında

yoğun bir şekilde “öteki” kavramı üzerinde durur. Hatta çoğu romanının çatışma ve entrik

unsurunu sağlayan dinamiğin “öteki” olduğunu söylemek gerekir. Yazar özellikle son

romanlarında 1980 sonrasında Batı kültür dairesine Amerikan tipi tüketim alışkanlıklarıyla hızlı

bir geçiş yapan ve ciddi bir dönüşüm yaşayan Türk toplum yapısını irdeler. Temelsiz ve hızlı

işleyen bu değişimin yol açtığı ideolojik ve ekonomik kutuplaşmalara yoğunlaşır. Toplumun laikdindar,

zengin-fakir, Türk-Kürt vb. çok çeşitli yapılara bölünmesinin yol açtığı sorunları

romanlarına taşır. Orhan Pamuk’un romanlarında bu sorunsallar kimlik-öteki ilişkisinin çeşitli

boyutlarıyla ele alınır. Bu mak
Properties of Self-Compacting Mortars with Different Contents of Synthetic Macro Fiber
Authors: Etli Serkan , Cemalgil Selim , Onat Onur
Published: March 2019

This study is devoted to investigating engineering properties of Self-Compacting Mortar (SCMs) produced with synthetic macro fiber. For this purpose, five different mix designs were prepared with a constant w/c ratio of 0.55 to sustain self-compatibility. Fiber content in these mixtures were changed from 0% to 5%. Engineering properties were investigated in terms of workability, mechanical properties and abrasion resistance. Compressive strength and flexural strength tests were conducted on the specimens exposed to three different water curing age 7 days, 28 days and 56 days respectively. In this study, also optimum synthetic fiber amount was determined to sustain self-compatibility of mortar. It was revealed that 2 and 3 kg/m3 synthetic macro fiber ratio are the key proportions to improve workability and flexural strength properties of hardened mortar. Moreover, adding fiber to mortar decreased abrasion resistance at 28 days age. In reverse, fiber addition increased abrasion resistance at 56 days age.
Sinyalizasyonlu Kavşak Yaklaşımında Üstyapı Düzgünsüzlüğü ile Sürücü Davranışı Etkileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ünal Ayşe , Saplıoğlu Meltem , Böcek Melek
Published: March 2019

Yol üst yapısında ki düzgünsüzlük sürüş konforunu önemli ölçüde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda bu olumsuz etkinin yol güvenliği üzerinde de payı olduğu yönündedir. Literatürde üstyapı düzgünsüzlüğü (IRI) ile ilgili birçok çalışma mevcut olmasına rağmen şehiriçi kavşak yaklaşımında sürücü hız davranışı ile ilişkisine rastlamak zordur. Bu çalışma kapsamında; kent içi yol güvenliği açısından kritik noktalar olan kavşaklarda, üstyapı düzgünsüzlük (IRI) etkisinin sürücü davranışı ile ilişkisi değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda, kavşak merkezine doğru IRI değeri artıkça hız değerlerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. İleriki çalışmalarda uygulamanın faklı tip ve daha fazla kavşakta yapılması ile daha detaylı sonuçlara ulaşılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Detection of cirrus clouds by stereovision system
Authors: Kouahla Mohamed Nadjib , Farou Brahim , Kouahla Zineddine , Seridi Hamid
Published: March 2019

The cirrus clouds is one of the objects existing in the troposphere how play an important role in the process of climate change. The research presented in this paper is aimed to present a model for detecting of clouds, presenting theirs distributions and giving a measure about altitudes by a stereovision system. Two cameras simultaneously take images of the same scene at two different observations sites. The principle consists to identify in both images matched pairs of points corresponding to physical points in the cloud. The observational program are conducted in France in June 2014.
Supplier Selection with Fuzzy TOPSIS and VIKOR Method in a Trailer Manufacturing Company
Authors: Arslankaya Seher
Published: March 2019

The supplier decision has become a strategic decision for companies to achieve competitive advantage due to growth and increased competition, technology and reduced profit margins. The right choice of the supplier is one of the most important elements that will ensure the production and distribution of the products with the desired quality, flexibility, lower cost and high speed. There may be complexity and uncertainty in supplier selection decision as it includes many factors and multiple decision makers. For this purpose, the right supplier to be cooperated has been decided by using fuzzy TOPSIS and VIKOR methods in Microsoft Visual Basic by evaluating existing suppliers in a trailer factory operating in Turkey.
An Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to The Case Type Selection Problem
Authors: Polat Tülay Korkusuz
Published: March 2019

Business enterprises need to show high performance in their industries in order to achieve a sustainable competition. This is not related only to individual performances, and each link on supply chain may have a considerable effect on business performance. Therefore, supply chain management is quite essential to the enterprises that supplier selection is one of its key elements to be run, and another is establishing the form of packaging before the supplier delivers the ordered raw materials. Raw material costs are influenced by the ability to determine such issues as packaging way, type of case, etc., and these factors are also important to maintain the quality of material. The aim of this study is to select the type of the case for raw materials to be placed in by the supplier, in the automobile industry with very intense competition. In order to solve this multi-criteria decision making problem, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision making techniques, was used. Due to the ambiguity in several paired comparisons, the problem was also resolved using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP).
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin Geoteknik Alanında Değişken Zemin Ortamında Uygulaması
Authors: Bol Ertan , Sert Sedat , Ozocak Askin
Published: March 2019

Yatay ve düşey yönde ani zemin değişimlerinin gözlenebileceği alüviyal kökenli çökel ortamlarda özellikle çalışma alanı büyüdükçe Geoteknik açıdan karar verme süreci karmaşık bir hal alabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada orta ölçekli bir araştırma alanında Geoteknik değerlendirmenin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS/GIS) eşliğinde yürütülmesi açıklanmıştır. Araştırma arazi koni penetrasyon deneyi (CPT) verileri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Adapazarı ovasının tipik zeminlerini bulunduran orta ölçekli bir sanayi sitesinin dış sınırları ve içerdiği bloklar CBS yazılımı olan "MapInfo" programı ile sayısallaştırılmıştır. CPT’den elde edilen tüm veriler ile bu verilerden türetilen ilgili Geoteknik özellikler veri tabanına aktarılmıştır MapInfo yazılımı ile veri tabanı arasında gerekli ilişkiler kurularak taşıma gücü ve sıvılaşma bölgelerini gösterir tematik haritalar hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda CBS’nin bu gibi ortamlarda Geoteknik bakımdan karar verme süreçlerini hızlandırdığı ve yapılan değerlendirmelerin de daha doğruyu yansıttığı kanaatine varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte inceleme noktalarının araziye düzgün dağılımını sağlayan uygun bir arazi çalışması gerçekleştirildiğinde CBS’nin çalışmalara hız katacağı ve maliyetleri düşüreceği de açıktır.
Enerji Verimliliği Sağlayan Yüksek Hızlı Hibrit Pişirme Fırını Tasarımı ve Prototip İmalatı
Authors: Kahraman Zafer , Hacı Murat , İçibal Kadir , Soyhan Hakan S.
Published: March 2019

Şehirleşmenin sürekli artmasına bağlı yoğunlaşan hayat tarzının yemek alışkanlıklarında değişime neden olması ile hızlı yemek/ayak üstü (fast food) sektöründe kullanılan ürünlerde son yıllarda çok büyük gelişmeler görülmektedir. Bu sektörde mutfak ekipmanlarının da artan talebi karşılaması için hızlı pişirim teknolojileri uluslararası alanda önem kazanmaktadır. Ülkemizde ilk kez endüstriyel mutfak alanında konveksiyon ve mikrodalga sistemlerinin pişirilecek yiyeceğin türüne özgü eş zamanlı ve farklı güç ayarlarında çalışması başarılmıştır. Etkin pişirim sağlayan yenilikçi yüksek hızlı hibrit endüstriyel pişirme fırını tasarım ve prototipi uluslararası standartlar (EN 60335-2-25 ve EN 60335-2-42) doğrultusunda özgün proje çalışmaları ile elde edilmiştir. Yenilikçi prototipin davlumbaz kullanılmadan etkin çalışması ve enerji tasarrufu da sağlaması Ar-Ge çalışmaları ile başarılmıştır. Yüksek hızlı ve hibrit çalışma yönünde bilgi birikiminin artırılmasına katkı sağlaması yanısıra etkin pişirim sağlayacak yenilikçi hibrit endüstriyel mutfak fırının yaygınlaştırılması için ivme kazandırıcı ve yönlendirici bilimsel veriler elde edilmiştir.
A Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation and Analysis of Fuel Consumption Alteration in Different Driving Cycles
Authors: Serin Onur , Serin Dilara Albayrak
Published: March 2019

With decrease in amount of carbon fuels and aims of creating a cleaner environment, researches on hybrid electric vehicle technology have increased in years. The purpose of this study is to observe the change in fuel consumption of a simulated hybrid electric vehicle in different driving cycles. For this research, a series hybrid electric vehicle is modelled on MATLAB/Simulink. Subsequently, for simulating the tour of the vehicle, multiple driving cycles are modelled on the software and fed to vehicle model. For instance FTP-75, NEDC and UDDS are benefited and also a route from Turkey, the road from Istanbul to Ankara is modelled and simulated. Behavior of the vehicle on this route is also observed. After analyzing vehicle behavior in all these cycles, fuel consumption in each case is calculated and compared. As the result of this research, the most affordable cycle for this vehicle model is selected and possible ways of decreasing fuel consumption in other driving cycles is discussed.
Determination of the optical properties of bovine liver tissue using integrating sphere technique
Authors: Arslan Halil , Dolukan Yasar Baris
Published: March 2019

The optical properties (absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, µa and µs’) of bovine liver tissue for 635 nm has been determined by using integrating sphere and inverse adding-doubling (IAD) techniques. For this purpose, total reflectance and total transmittance values of bovine liver tissue sample, which is placed between two microscope slides, have been measured by using single-sphere system. The measured values have been used as input parameters for IAD program to extract the µa and µs’ of the sample. In this study, µa and µs’ of bovine liver tissue for 635 nm have been determined to be 0.22 mm-1 and 0.51mm-1, respectively. These values, which yield 1.44 mm penetration depth, are in good agreement with the ones in the literature.
Effect of lubrication and friction coefficient on temperature distribution for combined backward forward extrusion process for alloy steel
Authors: Alamer Ban , Karataş Çetin , Mert Faruk , Aljawad Haitham
Published: March 2019

During extrusion process ,the effects of friction between die and workpiece are important and it is one of the most serious problems in metal forming. Friction factor has different effects depending on the size of workpiece. In this study the effect of friction factor and lubrication effects on temperature distribution , power , and load for combined backward forward extrusion process was demonstrated . A numerical analysis based on finite element method by using Q form program was used to study the effect of friction factor through two type of condition , first for lubrication three values for friction factor were used ( 0.1, 0.2 ,0.3 ) .The second condition was un lubrication , the friction factors values were (0.25 , 0.5 ,0.75) . The material of specimen was steel C45.The parts to be manufactured was wrench socket and the lubrication was done by using water and graphite .The results showed that for lubricated and un lubricated conditions , the temperatures power and load were increased when the friction factor increased .
3B Baskı Teknolojisi Kullanılarak Hızlı Prototipleme Yapımı ve Nesnelerin Üretimi
Authors: Aydin Abdurrahman , Kahraman Fatih
Published: March 2019

Hızlı prototipleme teknolojileriyle çeşitli malzemeler kullanarak dijital ortamdaki üç boyutlu modeller kalıp veya fikstüre gerek kalmaksızın somut nesneler halinde üretilebilmektedir. 3B yazıcılar zaman ve maliyet tasarrufu, geometrik özgürlük, çevreye zarar vermeme, güvenlik ve gizlilik gibi avantajları nedeniyle farklı alanlarda uygulamaları yapılmaktadır. Üç boyutlu yazıcılar günümüzde birçok alanda kullanılan ve hızla gelişen bir teknolojidir. 3B yazıcı teknolojisi geliştikçe ve kullanımı yaygınlaştıkça yeni kullanım alanları ortaya çıkmaktadır. 3B yazıcılar plastik, silikon, cam ve diğer bazı malzemeleri yazdırabilmektedirler. Bu bildiri kapsamında üç boyutlu yazdırma teknolojileri tanıtılacak, pratikte nasıl kullanıldığı açıklanacak ve hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı incelenecektir.
Seramik takviyeli alüminyum esaslı metal matrik kompozitlerin aşınma özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Topcu İsmail , Dikici Mehmet , İpek Cengiz
Published: March 2019

Alüminyum alaşımları muhteviyatları itibari ile, düşük yoğunluk iyi mukavemet özelliklerinden dolayı ileri teknmololjimalzemeleri olarak yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Aluminyum ve alaşımlarının mekanik özellikleri, metal veya seramik bazlı takviye elemenları ile yeni metal matris kompozitleri oluşturulabilir. Takviye edilen parçacıklar ile yeni malzemelerin özellikleri büyük ölçüde iyileştirilebilir. Bu çalışma da toz metalurjisi karıştırma yöntemiyle Aluminyum matrisine ilave edilen bor karbürlerin (B4C) değişik sinterleme koşulları altında mikroyapı, yoğunluk ve aşınma direnci üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Atritor de mekanik karıştırma ile üretilen tozlar, soğuk izostatik pres kalıbı ile 400 MPa basınç altında sıkıştırılarak silindirik kompozit numuneler elde edilmiştir. Üretilen numuneler, 600,625,640 ° C'lerde 2 saatlik süre ile saf argon ortamında sinterlenmiştir. Üretilen metal matris kompozitin aşınma davranışı pin-on-disk aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak incelendi. Uygulanan sinterleme sıcaklıklarının Al/ B4C alaşımları aşınma davranışları sabit yük ve sabit mesafe altında incelenmiştir. Uygulanan uygun koşullar altında B4C takviyesi kompozitlerin aşınma oranını iki dereceden fazla azaltabileceği görülmüştür. Elde edilmiş olan aşınma performansını takviye oranları ile ilişkilendiren çeşitli araştırmalar da yapılmıştır. Aluminyumun aşınma test sonuçları, B4C takviye oranlarının değişimi sonucunda aşınma tiplerinde farklılık olduğu ve aşınma direncini arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda aşınma direnci doğrudan ağırlıkça takviye edilen % B4C oranları ile değiştiği ve artan takviye oranına bağlı olarak özellikle % 15 B4C oranı ile daha çok arttığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Heat Transfer Enhancement due to Acoustic Fields: A Methodological Analysis
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Bartoli Carlo
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to expose the main involved physical phenomena underlying the alteration of convective heat transfer in a heat exchanger subjected to imposed vibrations. This technique seems to have interesting features and industrial applications, such as for efficiency increases, heat transfer rate control and cleanliness action. However, a clear description and comprehension of how vibrations may alter the convective heat transfer coefficient in a heat exchanger has still not been reached due to the complexity of the involved physical mechanisms. For this reason, after a presentation and a schematization of the analyzed thermodynamic system, the fundamental alterations of the thermo-fluid dynamics fields are described. Then, the main involved physical phenomena are exposed for the three cases of gaseous, monophasic liquid and boiling liquid mediums. Finally, on the basis of the characteristics of these described phenomena, some considerations and indications of general validity are presented.
The Trade-Off between the Controller Effort and Control Quality on Example of an Electro-Pneumatic Final Control Element
Authors: Bartyś Michał , Hryniewicki Bartłomiej
Published: March 2019

For many years, the programmable positioners have been widely applied in structures of modern electro-pneumatic final control elements. The positioner consists of an electro-pneumatic transducer, embedded controller, and measuring instrumentation. Electro-pneumatic transducers that are used in positioners are characterized by a relatively short mean time-to-failure. The practical and economical method of a reasonable prolongation of this time is proposed in this paper. It is principally based on assessment and minimizing the effort of the embedded controller. For this purpose, some measures were introduced: The control value variability, mean-time, and the cumulative controller’s effort. The diminishing of controller effort has significant practical repercussions because it reduces the intensity of mechanical wear of the final control element components. On the other hand, the reduction of the cumulative effort is important in the context of process economy due to limitation of the consumption of energy of compressed air supplying the final control element. Therefore, the minimization of control effort indicators has an impact on the increase of the functional safety and economics of the controlled process. The simulations were performed in the Matlab-Simulink environment with the use of the liquid level control system in which a phenomenological model of a final control element was deployed. As a result of the performed simulations, the recommendations regarding the selection of the structure of positioner controller were elaborated.
Structured Control Design for a Highly Flexible Flutter Demonstrator
Authors: Pusch Manuel , Ossmann Daniel , Luspay Tamás
Published: March 2019

The model-based flight control system design for a highly flexible flutter demonstrator, developed in the European FLEXOP project, is presented. The flight control system includes a baseline controller to operate the aircraft fully autonomously and a flutter suppression controller to stabilize the unstable aeroelastic modes and extend the aircraft’s operational range. The baseline control system features a classical cascade flight control structure with scheduled control loops to augment the lateral and longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The flutter suppression controller uses an advanced blending technique to blend the flutter relevant sensor and actuator signals. These blends decouple the unstable modes and individually control them by scheduled single loop controllers. For the tuning of the free parameters in the defined controller structures, a model-based approach solving multi-objective, non-linear optimization problems is used. The developed control system, including baseline and flutter control algorithms, is verified in an extensive simulation campaign using a high fidelity simulator. The simulator is embedded in MATLAB and a features non-linear model of the aircraft dynamics itself and detailed sensor and actuator descriptions.
Unlocking the Agricultural Potential of Manure in Agropastoral Systems: Traditional Beliefs Hindering Its Use in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Jagisso Yonas , Aune Jens , Angassa Ayana
Published: March 2019

Manure is often considered a valuable resource for improving productivity in semi-arid tropics. This paper investigated agropastoralist knowledge of the use of manure and barriers that limit manure use in Borana, southern Ethiopia. The potential and actual amounts of manure available on-farm and its relative economic value were estimated. Yield response to manure application was also quantified. Data was gathered using on-farm surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, field observation and on-farm experiments. We found that an enormous amount of manure with substantial fertilizer value and economic benefit had accumulated over the years in studied households in Borana. Our analysis revealed that, on average, more than 74 tons of manure containing 667 kg nitrogen (N)–more than five times the current requirements–had accumulated per farm. This manure has an economic value, in terms of N supply, equivalent to ETB (Ethiopian Birr) 16452 (US$802). On-farm trials showed that a considerable scope exists for increasing the yields of these marginal lands by using manure. However, because of the traditional beliefs and associated practices, which have prevailed for centuries in the community, this valuable resource is left unused. Having identified the link between traditional beliefs and non-use of manure, the paper sets out possible areas for intervention.
Biocontrol of Postharvest Fruit Fungal Diseases by Bacterial Antagonists: A Review
Authors: Carmona-Hernandez Saul , Reyes-Pérez Juan , Chiquito-Contreras Roberto , Rincon-Enriquez Gabriel , Cerdan-Cabrera Carlos , Hernandez-Montiel Luis
Published: March 2019

This review deals with the main mechanisms of action exerted by antagonistic bacteria, such as competition for space and nutrients, suppression via siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, antibiosis, biofilm formation, and induction of plant resistance. These mechanisms inhibit phytopathogen growth that affects postharvest fruit since quality and safety parameters are influenced by the action of these microorganisms, which cause production losses in more than 50% of fruit tree species. The use of synthetic fungicide products has been the dominant control strategy for diseases caused by fungi. However, their excessive and inappropriate use in intensive agriculture has brought about problems that have led to environmental contamination, considerable residues in agricultural products, and phytopathogen resistance. Thus, there is a need to generate alternatives that are safe, ecological, and economically viable to face this problem. Phytopathogen inhibition in fruit utilizing antagonist microorganisms has been recognized as a type of biological control (BC), which could represent a viable and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic fungicides. Despite the ecological benefit that derives from the use of controllers and biological control agents (BCA) at a commercial level, their application and efficient use has been minimal at a global level.