bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legitimación y religión en la revuelta de las Comunidades de Castilla (1520-1521) = Legitimation and Religion in the Revolt of the Comunidades of Castile (1520-1521)
Authors: Rizzuto Claudio César
Published: December 2020

La dimensión religiosa de la revuelta de las Comunidades de Castilla (1520-1521) es a menudo ignorada entre los historiadores. No obstante, importantes estudios se han dedicado a las dimensiones mesiánicas y proféticas de la revuelta. Este artículo se ocupa de analizar otros aspectos que permiten reconstruir una dimensión religiosa de la revuelta y sus formas de legitimación a partir de ella. En primer lugar, se analizará el papel del término Santa para referirse a la Junta que reunía a las ciudades rebeldes. En segundo lugar, se destacará el rol del juramento en la construcción de la revuelta en el contexto de intentar «sacralizar» o «consagrar» la acción de los rebeldes. Por último, se examinarán distintos testimonios que colocan a la eucaristía como un aspecto de lucha y legitimación en la revuelta. De esta manera, pueden subrayarse algunos elementos religiosos de las Comunidades de Castilla.AbstractThe religious dimension of the revolt of the Comunidades of Castile (1520-1521) is not always remarked by historians. Only messianic and prophetic aspects are normally pointed out in this sense. This paper analyses other problems for a religious dimension of the revolt and their relation to comuneros’ legitimation’s attempts. Firstly, it analyses the role of the term «Holy» (santa) to refer to the Junta where the rebelled cities were gathered. Secondly, it remarks the function of the oath in the construction of the revolt trying to «sacralise» or «consecrate» the action of the rebels. Lastly, it examines different testimonies that emphasises the Eucharist as an aspect of struggle and legitimation during the revolt. Then, some religious elements of the Comunidades of Castile can be remarked.
Reseña de: Ciaramitaro, Fernando y Puente Brunke, José de la (eds.), Extranjeros, naturales y fronteras en la América ibérica y Europa (1492-1830)
Authors: Reyes Lugardo Marco Antonio
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: Ciaramitaro, Fernando y Puente Brunke, José de la (eds.), Extranjeros, naturales y fronteras en la América ibérica y Europa (1492-1830), México-Murcia, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México-Universidad de Murcia-Red Columnaria, 2017, 298 pp., ISBN: 978-607-9465-39-1.
The impact of trade war on Shanghai stock exchange industry based on Granger causality network
Authors: Zhao Jun-Chan , Huang Qi-An , Wu Xiao-Qun , Xiao Lei ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Business University 410205, China,   Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Statistical Learning and Intelligent Computation 410205, China,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University 430072, China,   School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central South University of Finance and Law 430073, China
Published: December 2020

The impact of the China-US trade war on the industry is a common concern. Industries in the stock market have a high degree of correlation that the drastic fluctuation of stock prices of one industry may cause related industry stock price fluctuating, and even may influence the whole financial market through chain reaction. Therefore, it is helpful for us to understand the impact of the China-Us trade war on Shanghai stock market and the internal relations among the different industry sectors by analyzing how the financial shock spreads in the stock market.

However, there are still several essential problems to be solved. First, previous work mainly employed the mean field theory to study the diffusion of financial crisis in the stock market. Although this method can reflect the diffusion of financial crisis in the stock market as a whole, it is not accurate enough to explain the relationship among industry sectors. Second, the previous work mainly used numerical simulations to study the dynamic properties of the spread model, thus there is necessity to demonstrate whether numerical simulations can reflect the real situation of stock market.

To solve these two problems, this paper proposes a method combining parameter estimation techniques and the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm based on the disease spreading model. By using this method, we select the Shanghai stock exchange industry indexes from 2016 to 2019, construct the Granger causality network, estimate the parameters of the risk spreading model using the event study methodology, and finally simulate the diffusion of financial shocks. The results show that: firstly, the trade war has significantly changed the structure of Shanghai stock exchange industries, and industry indexes have become more closely related. Secondly, after the trade war, the financial shock will cause the number of infected nodes in Shanghai stock market increasing rapidly in the initial stage, and the scale of infection will reach the peak within the 10th to 15th trading days. The number of susceptible infections begins to slow down on about the 25th trading day, which means that the infection caused by financial shock has ended and the market is gradually recovering. Thirdly, the calculation results of the basic regeneration number show that the risk caused by financial shock is easy to spread in the Shanghai stock market after the trade war, and the phenomenon of "simultaneously rise and fall" of Shanghai stock market easily emerges.
Research progress of neuromorphic computation based on memcapacitors
Authors: Ren Kuan , Zhang Ke-Jia , Qin Xi-Zi , Ren Huan-Xin , Zhu Shou-Hui , Yang Feng , Sun Bai , Zhao Yong , Zhang Yong ,   Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
Published: December 2020

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires one to speed up the development of the domain-specific hardware specifically designed for AI applications. The neuromorphic computing architecture consisting of synapses and neurons, which is inspired by the integrated storage and parallel processing of human brain, can effectively reduce the energy consumption of artificial intelligence in computing work. Memory components have shown great application value in the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. Compared with traditional devices, the memristors used to construct synapses and neurons can greatly reduce computing energy consumption. However, in neural networks based on memristors, updating and reading operations have system energy loss caused by voltage and current of memristors. As a derivative of memristor, memcapacitor is considered as a potential device to realize a low energy consumption neural network, which has attracted wide attention from academia and industry. Here, we review the latest advances in physical/simulated memcapacitors and their applications in neuromorphic computation, including the current principle and characteristics of physical/simulated memcapacitor, representative synapses, neurons and neuromorphic computing architecture based on memcapacitors. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on the opportunities and challenges of neuromorphic computation based on memcapacitors.
Charge carrier transport in oxygen-ion conducting electrolytes with considering space charge layer effect
Authors: Xu Han , Zhang Lu ,   Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: December 2020

Space charge layer (SCL) effect induced by interfaces, e.g., grain boundaries in the polycrystals or heterointerfaces in the composites, may make the characteristics of the charge carrier transport near the interfaces significantly different from those in the bulk area. In previous studies, the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation was widely used to model the SCL effect, in which all the charge carriers were assumed to be in electrochemical equilibrium. However, the assumption of the electrochemical equilibrium is no longer valid when the charge carriers exhibit macroscopic motion. In this paper, we develop a model to simulate the charge carrier transport within the oxygen-ion conductor, particularly in the SCL, in which the charge carrier mass conservation equation is coupled to the Poisson equation. Our present coupled model, in which the assumption of the electrochemical equilibrium is not employed, is therefore able to simulate charge carrier transport with macroscopic motion. Two key dimensionless parameters governing the SCL effect are deduced, i.e. the dimensionless Debye length characterizing the ratio of Debye length to the thickness of oxygen-ion conductor, and the dimensionless potential representing the relative importance of the overpotential to the thermal potential. Taking AO2-M2O3 oxide for example, the conventional model with using PB equation and our present coupled model are compared for predicting the SCL effect. Furthermore, the mechanism of the oxygen vacancy transport in the oxygen-ion conductor with considering the SCL effect is thoroughly discussed. In a brief summary, with increasing the current density at the interface, the SCL resistance shows a non-monotonical tendency, i.e., it firstly decreases and then increases. Besides, enlarging the dimensionless Debye length significantly increases the SCL resistance. The influence of increasing the dimensionless potential on the oxygen vacancy transport is obvious when the overpotential is comparable to the thermal potential, but it becomes negligible when the overpotential is far less than the thermal potential. These results may offer helpful guidance for enhancing the performance of oxygen-ion conductors by rationally designing the grain boundaries and heterointerfaces.
Influence of hydrogen-like nucleus mass on electronic state
Authors: Liu Zhao-Bin , Li Kai , Zeng Tian-Hai , Wang Feng , Song Xin-Bing , Shao Bin , Zou Jian ,   School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Published: December 2020

In an isolated two-body composite system, the discussion of how the change of one body affects the state of the other will help to know the relation of a single particle's mixed and pure states. Given 5 one-dimensional hydrogen-like atoms models, each Coulomb interaction potential keeps invariant, while the masses of the nuclei are different. These two-body composite systems stay in their respective entangled state, each electron stays in a mixed state. If we suppose a one-dimensional hydrogen atom model having infinite nuclear mass, the electron stays in a pure state. We select position representation. The wave function of the ground state of the atom has the form of the square root of a δ function. To avoid calculation trouble of δ function, we select the first excited state and the superposed state of the first and the second excited states. We compare the two pure states, the first excited state and the superposed state, with those corresponding mixed states by fidelity and l1 norm coherence, and calculate the purities of the mixed states. The summations become integrations due to the position variable having a continuous eigenvalue spectrum. We investigate the changes in these quantities with the increase of the nuclear mass. The results show that the purities of the mixed states and the fidelities increase with the nuclear mass increasing. However, the coherences of the mixed states decrease with the nuclear mass increasing. This can be explained as that a mixed state with non-zero coherence may approach to a pure eigenstate, while the latter has zero coherence in the eigenspace. These mean that the greater a nuclear mass is, the closer the mixed state approaches to the corresponding pure state. Therefore, the two pure states are the approximations of the corresponding mixed states. The entangled state of the electron and the nucleus is related with the nuclear mass and the Coulomb interaction potential. So, each electron mixed state and its coherence are related with the nucleus and their Coulomb interaction potential. If the nuclear mass is great, the nucleus is approximately motionless or its state is approximately unchanged, and the Coulomb interaction potential approximates to the external Coulomb potential of the electron. The electron approximately stays in a pure state. The state and its coherence are related with the nucleus and the Coulomb interaction. From other point of view, the entangled state of the nucleus and the electron approximates to the product state of the unchanged nucleus state and the electron state. In this case, an electron mixed state approximates to its corresponding pure state, and then these states and their coherences are all related with the nucleus and the Coulomb interaction.
Al-based memristor applied to habituation sensory nervous system
Authors: Zhu Wei , Guo Tian-Tian , Liu Lan , Zhou Rong-Rong ,   School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
Published: December 2020

Sensory nervous system (SNS) can build the connections between organism and outside environment. Both of synapse and neuron are cornerstones of human biological system, which can transmit information to human brain and receive the feedback from central nervous system. Finally, the corresponding responses to the external information are performed. However, the information from outside environment should be received by SNS all the time. It is important for organism to distinguish between the stimuli that required attention and those that are irrelevant and no need to response. Habituation is one of fundamental properties of SNS to form such discrimination. It plays an important role for organism to adapt the environment and filter out irrelevantly repetitive information. In this study, an nc-Al/AlN structured based memristor with a thickness of 40 nm is produced by the sputtering method. The top and bottom electrode are of Ag and Al respectively, forming a sandwiched structure device. Habituation is found in the nc-Al/AlN thin film based memristor which has been rarely reported before. Both of current-voltage (I-V ) and pulse voltage measurement are executed on this device at room temperature. In the I-V measurement, the memristor shows unipolar switching properties which may be caused by conductive filament connecting or breaking. In the voltage pulse measurement, pulse interval is an important factor to affect memristor conduction. If the pulse interval is quite large, that is, the pulse frequency is low, the memristor will get maximized conduction very slow or in infinity time. If choosing an appropriate pulse voltage and interval value, the habituation will be observed after several stimulus pulses. The larger pulse interval needs more pulse numbers to cause memristor to be habituated, but which results in higher device conduction finally. A habituation memristor can act as synapse and connect with neuron to build the whole leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model which is quite often used in circuit design to mimic a real organism neuron behavior. In this model, neuron could be fired only when it gets enough stimuli from previous neuron. If the stimulus pulse frequency is low, there is observed no firing phenomenon in this case. In this study, the input signal of LIF model is a continuous voltage pulse with an amplitude of 1.2 V and interval of 5 ms. Such an input signal will be transmitted by habituation memristor to a neuron electronic element. The output signal is the pulse generated by neuron when it is fired. According to the results, the frequency of output signal is smaller than input information which complies with the basic characteristics of habituation. It is supposed that organisms should not response to this repetitive pulse any more and it will make neuron have more capabilities to handle following information.
Identification of a six-gene metabolic signature predicting overall survival for patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Yubo , Lu Xiaomei , Li Yue , Fu Jia , Li Hongyuan , Li Xiulin , Chang Ziyou , Liu Sa
Published: December 2020

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the main subtypes of lung cancer. Hundreds of metabolic genes are altered consistently in LUAD; however, their prognostic role remains to be explored. This study aimed to establish a molecular signature that can predict the prognosis in patients with LUAD based on metabolic gene expression.

Methods

The transcriptome expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUAD and paired non-tumor samples were identified by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Univariate Cox regression analysis and the lasso Cox regression model were used to construct the best-prognosis molecular signature. A nomogram was established comprising the prognostic model for predicting overall survival. To validate the prognostic ability of the molecular signature and the nomogram, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used.

Results

The six-gene molecular signature (PFKP, PKM, TPI1, LDHA, PTGES, and TYMS) from the DEGs was constructed to predict the prognosis. The molecular signature demonstrated a robust independent prognostic ability in the training and validation sets. The nomogram including the prognostic model had a greater predictive accuracy than previous systems. Furthermore, a gene set enrichment analysis revealed several significantly enriched metabolic pathways, which suggests a correlation of the molecular signature with metabolic systems and may help explain the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions

Our study identified a novel six-gene metabolic signature for LUAD prognosis prediction. The molecular signature could reflect the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment, provide potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis, and indicate potential novel metabolic molecular-targeted therapies.
La Percepción de Apego con la Escuela Como un Factor Protector Para Conductas Antisociales en Escolares Chilenos
Authors:   Universidad del Desarrollo, Varela Jorge J. , Torres-Vallejos Javier ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Chile, González Constanza , García Oriana ,   Universidad del Desarrollo
Published: December 2020

La escuela puede ser considerada un espacio vital de desarrollo humano e incluso un factor protector para el desarrollo de conductas de riesgo en adolescentes. El presente estudio buscó examinar la percepción de un mayor apego escolar como un factor protector de la influencia de pares en conductas antisociales en el contexto chileno. Se usó una muestra estratificada con afijación igual de 815 escolares de 7° año básico a IV año medio provenientes de 15 establecimientos escolares seleccionados aleatoriamente de 5 diferentes NSE de la Región Metropolitana, 46,6% mujeres, con una edad promedio de 15,11 años DE = 1,78). Se utilizó una adaptación del instrumento Communities That Care Youth Survey, analizando el reporte de conductas antisociales en la escuela, relación con pares antisociales, consumo de drogas por parte de pares y apego con la escuela. Por medio de un análisis de regresión múltiple, se evidenció un efecto de interacción, en donde para aquellos estudiantes que perciben un mayor apego con la escuela, la influencia de los pares con conductas antisociales se ve moderada, en comparación con los estudiantes que tienen una percepción de bajo apego con la escuela. Este resultado provee evidencia sobre la importancia del apego con la escuela para prevenir conductas antisociales en adolescentes y para informar programas de prevención en contextos escolares.
Trayectorias Laborales de Mujeres y Violencia en el Trabajo: Una Cuestión de Género
Authors: Undurraga Rosario , López Hornickel Natalia
Published: December 2020

El reconocimiento de la violencia en el trabajo ha aumentado en los últimos años (Cruz & Klinger, 2011). Recientemente en Chile, se ha comenzado a visibilizar la violencia de género en el trabajo (Díaz, Mauro, Ansoleaga & Toro, 2017). En esta línea, este estudio relaciona las trayectorias laborales de mujeres chilenas con la violencia de género en el trabajo. Es un estudio cualitativo que utiliza entrevistas semiestructuradas y biogramas para analizar las trayectorias laborales de mujeres profesionales y no-profesionales, residentes en Santiago de Chile. La muestra por conveniencia consta de 7 mujeres (24-62 años) que reportaron eventos de violencia laboral como hitos fundamentales en sus trayectorias. Se identificaron 3 tipos de violencia de género en el trabajo: (a) trato condescendiente, (b) discriminación frente a la maternidad y (c) acoso sexual. Ante estos hechos, se encuentran reacciones de resignación y resistencia, variando según el tipo de violencia, nivel educacional y experiencias subjetivas de las mujeres. El acoso sexual produce cambios laborales, siendo un punto de inflexión en sus trayectorias laborales. Se concluye que la violencia en el trabajo es típicamente una cuestión de género. Se insta a generar una cultura laboral libre de violencia de género.
Identificación de las Creencias de los Investigadores en Psicología Relacionadas a la Publicación de Replicaciones
Authors: Bustos Navarrete Claudio , Zañartu Canihuante Natalia , Salcedo Lagos Pedro , Díaz Mujica Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Las recomendaciones para solucionar la crisis de la replicabilidad en psicología han destacado el rol de las replicaciones, pero no se cuenta con información sobre los factores psicosociales que determinan su publicación. Usando como referencia la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada, el objetivo de la investigación fue comprender las creencias conductuales, normativas y de control relacionadas con la publicación de estudios de replicación directa, replicación conceptual y adaptación de instrumentos, en investigadores en psicología de Hispanoamérica y España. Se utilizó muestreo estratificado con afijación proporcional al tamaño de cada país, respondiendo 74 personas (tasa de respuesta = 12,2%), 58,1% de ellas mujeres, con una edad promedio de 43,45 años (DE = 9,78). Con un diseño de encuesta, se aplicó en línea el cuestionario Identificación de Creencias Relacionadas con la Publicación de Replicaciones, de respuesta abierta, asignándose aleatoriamente el tipo de replicación a contestar. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante análisis temático. Los investigadores consideran que la publicación de los tres tipos de replicaciones es positiva para la ciencia. Sin embargo, las replicaciones conceptuales y directas son rechazadas por los editores de revistas y fuentes de financiamiento, no así la adaptación de instrumentos. Se destacan las tensiones metodológicas y epistemológicas producto de la adaptación de procedimientos e instrumentos provenientes de otras culturas.
Factors Influencing Fertilizer Usage by Medium and Large Scale Coconut Farmers in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Senadheera S. D. N. M. , Bandara A. M. K. R. , Lankapura A. I. Y.
Published: December 2020

Aims: This study attempts to identify the factors affecting the usage of fertilizer by medium- and large-scale coconut farmers in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka with a view to recommend pragmatic strategies to increase coconut production in Sri Lanka.

Study Design: Multistage quota sampling with a proportion allocation method.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the year 2017 in the Gampaha administrative district, which is a leading coconut-producing region, under the coconut triangle of Sri Lanka. 

Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the study. Descriptive analytical techniques, factor analysis, and Binary Logistic Regression techniques were used in the data analysis.

Results: The factor analysis disclosed five-factor groups that cumulatively explain 55% of the total variation. Binary Logistic Regression revealed that the prevalence of favorable weather patterns, usage of supplementary materials, availability of credit facilities, and organic fertilizer application significantly affect the application of inorganic fertilizer for coconut cultivation. The availability of a fertilizer subsidy, practicing moisture conservation, practicing animal husbandry, and applying inorganic fertilizer significantly determined the application of organic fertilizer for coconut cultivation. Usage of supplementary materials, yield of the last coconut picking, and household size significantly affected the fertilizer application for coconut cultivation in general.

Conclusion: Prevalence of favorable weather patterns, supplementary materials, and credit usage increase the chance of applying inorganic fertilizer for coconut. Organic fertilizer application decreases the likelihood of applying inorganic fertilizer for coconut.  Availability of a fertilizer subsidy, practicing moisture conservation, practicing animal husbandry increase the chance of applying organic fertilizer for coconut, whilst the inorganic fertilizer application decreases the likelihood of applying organic fertilizer for coconut.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Content of Commonly Consumed Egg Plant Varieties and Spinach Varieties in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hettiarachchi H. A. C. O. , Gunathilake K. D. P. P. , Jayatilake Sharmila
Published: December 2020

Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content of commonly consumed egg plant varieties and spinach varieties in Sri Lanka, in order to screen the potential for utilizing them in developing of functional food products.

Study Design: Complete randomized design was performed.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, between September 2020 and October 2020.

Methodology: Locally available, commonly consumed eggplant varieties Solanum torvum, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum melongena BW 11, Solanum melongena and two spinach varieties Basella alba and Talinum paniculatum were collected, freeze dried & powdered. Methanolic extracts were prepared using 80% methanol.Total Antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, Reducing power assay, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content of fresh methanolic extracts were measured.

Results: S. torvum, S. macrocarpon, S. melongena BW 11, S. melongena showed more or less similar but remarkable DPPH radical inhibition activity ranging from 92.49 to 93.02%. TAC results of tested eggplant varieties ranged from 3.02to 8.98 mg AAE / g dw. From the two tested spinach varieties B. alba leaf extract had higher antioxidant activity but lower flavonoid content than T. paniculatum leaf extract. TPC of methanolic extractions of all tested vegetable sample was within the range of 2.49 to 670.00 µg GAE / g dw. There was a significant difference between the recorded TPC for all the tested samples and S. macrocarpon and two varieties of S. melongena showed much lower TPC when compared to TPC of S. torvum.

Conclusion: These are considerable sources of polyphenols and are having a remarkable antioxidant activity. The potential of them to be utilized in functional food industry is high and yet to be investigated.
Gamma Radiation Applied in Euterpe oleraceae Pulps
Authors: Carvalho Lucia Maria Jaeger de , Paranhos Bruno , Jesus Edgar Francisco Oliveira de , Carvalho José Luiz Viana de
Published: December 2020

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate the optimal radiation dose to maintain the antioxidant capacity of conventional and organic acaí freeze-dried pulps.

Study Design: All analyses were conducted in sextuplicate for each experiment.

Place and Duration of Study: Were conducted at the LATAIA and the irradiation processes at the Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was carried out from July, 2018 to March, 2020.

Methodology: Frozen acaí pulps from two commercial brands, one of them organic and other conventional were used and purchased in the city of Rio de Janeiro, packed in plastic bags containing 1 kg. For each brand, frozen pulps (5 kg) were thawed at 4ºC, opened and homogenized. Samples were subdivided into aliquots ranging from 20 to 300 g for the assays and frozen inside the plastic bags until analyses. A Cobalt 60, Gammacell irradiator was used and doses of 1.25. 2.5. 3.75 and 5 kGy were applied in the in natura pulps. Antioxidant capacity was performed by the ORAC and DPPH methods and, phenolic compounds by Folin Ciocalteau method and, total anthocyanins and majority anthocyanidins by HPLC.

Results: Anthocyanins increases at irradiaton dose up to 3.75 kGy in organic açaí but it was not significant in conventional acaí irradiated at low doses (1.25 to 3.75 kGy). Our results suggested that irradiation doses up to 5 kGy do not decrease total phenolic or anthocyanin contents nor the pulp antioxidant activity compared with non-irradiated pulps. The results showed irradiation did not reduce these analytes, and even increased in the organic acaí.

Conclusion: The study evidenced that gamma irradiation can be an alternative safe process for fruit pulps preservation. We conclude that irradiation doses up to 5 kGy can be used in acaí without harming its antioxidant properties.
Genotype x Environmental Interaction for Growth and Yield Parameters of Tree Mulberry Genotypes in Different Seasons
Authors: Ahalya B. N. , Chikkalingaiah . , Jayaramu H. D. , Chandrashekar S.
Published: December 2020

Aims: To identify the stable genotypes across the seasons for different yield and its contributing traits.

Study Design: Field experimental design was used

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in different seasons during 2017-19 at Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore.

Methodology: The present study comprised of six mulberry genotypes viz., MI-012, MI-79, MI-21, MI-139, MI-516, ME-05 and two popular check varieties V1 and M5.

Results: The mean squares due to seasons was significant for total shoot length (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf yield per plant (g), ten fresh leaf weight (g), leaf moisture content (%) at harvest, leaf moisture retention capacity (%) at 6 and 9 hrs after harvest. Analysis of variance indicated high significance of mean sum of squares due to season for number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf yield per plant, single leaf area, moisture content and moisture retention capacity at 6 and 9 hrs after harvest of leaf. Further, it could be observed that variance due to seasons (linear) were highly significant for number of branches per plant, total shoot length, number of leaves per plant, ten fresh leaf weight, leaf yield per plant, single leaf area, moisture content and moisture retention capacity at 6 and 9 hrs after harvest of leaf. Whereas, variance due to G х S (linear) was non significant for shoot height, internodal distance, number of leaves per plant, ten fresh leaf weight, leaf yield per plant, moisture content and moisture retention capacity at 6 and 9 hrs after harvest of leaf. Variance due to pooled deviation was highly significant for shoot height, number of branches per plant, total shoot length, internodal distance, number of leaves per plant, ten fresh leaf weight, single leaf area, moisture content and moisture retention capacity at 6 and 9 hrs after harvest of leaf. Whereas, variance due to pooled deviation was non significant for leaf yield per plant.
Work-flow Protocol for Preoperative COVID-19 Testing of the “Transplant Pair” in a Live Donor Liver Transplant Program
Authors: Rammohan A. , Narasimhan G. , Devarajan V. , Sundaramoorthy S. , Kaliamoorthy I. , Rela M.
Published: December 2020

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “ Work-flow Protocol for Preoperative COVID-19 Testing of the “Transplant Pair” in a Live Donor Liver Transplant Program ”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Prevalence of Hypertensive Status in the Various Abo Blood Groups in the Presence of Periodontal Disease - A Pilot Project in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shetty Shreya , Niazi Mohammed , Shafik Khalid Hossam , Elharazeen Salem , Alsalah Bakkar M. , Alamoudi Raghad
Published: December 2020

Background: Both periodontal disease and hypertension individually, have been found to be linked to certain blood groups. However, the association of the blood groups to abnormal blood pressure and co-existing periodontal disease has not yet been explored. The objective of this study was to explore a possible association, if any among the three conditions.

Materials and Methods: In this pilot project, a total of 300 patients were screened initially, of which, 270 patients (205 males and 65 females) with mean age range of 34.5 years from various ABO blood groups, with gingivitis / periodontitis were selected and their blood pressure was measured in a standardized manner with a digital automated BP monitor. Patients with any systemic disease or condition or consuming any kind of medications and smokers were excluded from the study. The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed to assess prevalence and associations.

Results: Overall, blood group O(29.26%) reported the highest number of patients with abnormal blood pressure in the presence of periodontal disease followed by B(18.89%) and A(17.03%). No association was found with abnormal blood pressure and blood groups in the individual gingivitis and periodontitis groups. However, a significant association with abnormal blood pressure in males over females in blood group A and B in the gingivitis group and in blood group A in the periodontitis group was observed.(P<0.05).

Conclusion: The presence of periodontal disease in certain ABO blood groups may predispose to abnormal blood pressure values or hypertension.
NaHSO3‐Mediated Direct Synthesis of Sulfinic Esters from Sulfonyl Hydrazides under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Fan Qiankun , Wang Huimin , Zhao Yiyong , Ding Chengrong
Published: December 2020

We have developed a protocol for the NaHSO3‐promoted esterification of sulfonyl hydrazides with alcohols for the synthesis of sulfinic esters. Various sulfonyl hydrazides could be converted to the corresponding sulfinic esters in good to high yields. The merits of this protocol include mild transition‐metal‐free reaction conditions, an inexpensive and available reagent, and operational simplicity. Controlled experiments reveal that this transformation probably undergoes via a radical pathway.

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Organism–Materials Integration: A Promising Strategy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cui Yihao , Li Benke , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Ruikang
Published: December 2020

In nature, organisms play an essential role in harnessing elements to produce materials. Being precisely integrated with the biological structures, the materials confer organisms with various unique functions such as protection, recognition guiding, biocatalysis, etc. Inspired by this phenomenon, elaborately designed materials can be grafted to different organisms such as cells, eukaryotes, and viruses via artificial incorporation strategies. Herein, progresses upon the methods and techniques of organism–materials integration are discussed, including spontaneous formation, artificial enhancement, and genetic engineering. The integration of organism and materials can alter the biological behavior and even offer the organism rationally designed functions, facilitating the biological applications of organisms in the field such as vaccine improvement, biomedical therapy, and biomedical imaging. These unique effects achieved by the combination of organisms and materials propose a new strategy for providing precise control over organisms. These promising strategies also offer new perspectives of biology and chemistry development, and show great potential in future biomedical therapy.
Biological Nanopore Approach for Single‐Molecule Protein Sequencing
Authors: Hu Zheng‐Li , Huo Ming‐Zhu , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: December 2020

Proteins are responsible for the occurrence and treatment of many diseases, and therefore protein sequencing will revolutionize proteomics and clinical diagnostics. Biological nanopore approach has proved successful for single‐molecule DNA sequencing, which resolves the identities of 4 natural deoxyribonucleotides based on the current blockages and duration times of their translocations across the nanopore confinement. However, open challenges still remain for biological nanopores to sequentially identify each amino acid (AA) of single proteins due to the inherent complexity of 20 proteinogenic AAs in charges, volumes, hydrophobicity and structures. Herein, we focus on recent exciting advances in biological nanopores for single‐molecule protein sequencing (SMPS) from native protein unfolding, control of peptide translocation, AA identification to applications in disease detection.
(Aza)Pentacenes Clipped into a Ring: Stabilization of Large (Aza)Acenes
Authors: Ahrens Lukas , Tverskoy Olena , Weigold Svenja , Ganschow Michael , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: December 2020

A doubly alkylene bridged 6,13‐diphenylpentacene and analogously bridged azapentacenes were prepared; they are persistent. The doubly bridged azapentacenes display superior photochemical, oxidative and thermal stabilities compared to azapentacenes protected by bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐substituents—clipping an azaacene into a large ring is a viable complement in stabilization.
Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Nanostructures: Surface Defects for Morphology‐Driven Enhanced Semiconductor SERS
Authors: Song Ge , Gong Wenbin , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang
Published: December 2020

Two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have recently become attractive candidate substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, exhibiting good semiconductor‐based SERS sensing for a wider variety of application scenarios. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we propose that surface defects play a vital role in the magnification of the SERS performances of 2D semiconductors. As a prototype material, ultrathin WO3nanosheets is used to demonstrate that surface defect sites and the resulting increased charge‐carrier density can induce strong charge‐transfer interactions at the substrate‐molecule interface, thereby improving the sensitivity of the SERS substrate by 100 times with high reproducibility. Further work with other metal oxides suggests the reduced dimension of 2D materials can be advantageous in promoting SERS sensing for multiple probe molecules.
Global projective synchronization in fractional‐order quaternion valued neural networks
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Hai , Cao Jinde , Zhang Hongmei , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: December 2020

The analysis of projective synchronization for fractional‐order quaternion valued neural networks (FOQVNN) is addressed in this paper. The FOQVNN is separated into four real valued parts through Hamilton rules, enabling its synchronization analysis. Some criteria are formulated by the use of fractional differential inequality techniques; projective synchronization of FOQVNN is implemented by designing suitable hybrid controllers. One numerical example is given to show the feasibility of proposed methods.
The pudendum and the perversion of anatomical terminology
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J.
Published: December 2020

The definition of pudendum is external genitalia. The term pudendum is used to describe external genitalia regardless of sex. The labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, penis, scrotum, testes, and so on are all parts of the human pudenda. The female pudendum is also called the vulva. Also, nonhuman species have pudenda. Pudendum is a term that has been part of the formal anatomical nomenclature for a millennium. Recently, the meaning of pudendum has been perverted and misinterpreted as synonymous with only the vulva and to come from an etymological root term with the narrowly defined meaning “to be ashamed.” The misunderstanding of pudendum is twofold. First, pudendum describes the external genitalia indiscriminate of sex; however, terms such as pudendum muliebre/pudendum femininum and pudendum virile/pudendum masculinum have been used throughout history to identify pudenda with respect to sex. Second, the meaning of the root term pudere has been taken out of context. The meaning of the root term is inclusive of respect, modesty, honesty, honor, virtue, awe, veneration, and so on and has a positive connotation rather than a negative connotation, akin to sacrum, for example. Indeed, pudendum shares its etymological root with the names of goddesses and saints (e.g., Pudicitia, Saint Pudens, Saint Pudentiana). This manuscript provides details regarding anatomical etymology and both the historical and modern use of anatomical terminology related to pudendum. Furthermore, this manuscript remedies the perversion of pudendum and, in doing so, improves the anatomical lexicon.
Electrochemical and Solvent‐Mediated Visible‐to‐Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Switching of Benzoselenadiazole Fluorophores
Authors: Wałęsa‐Chorab Monika , Yao Chengzhang , Tuner Georges , Skene William G.
Published: December 2020

A series of electronic push–pull, pull–pull, and push fluorophores has been prepared from a benzoselenadiazole core so that their spectroscopic, electrochemical, spectro‐electrochemical, and spectro‐electrofluorescence properties could be examined. The emission wavelengths and fluorescence quantum yields (Φfl) of the N,N‐dimethyl fluorophores were contingent on the solvent polarity and they ranged from 615 to 850 nm in aprotic solvents. The positive solvatochromism and the quenched Φfl in polar solvents were consistent with an intramolecular charge‐transfer state (ICT). Meanwhile, a locally excited state (LE) was assigned in nonpolar solvents from the blue‐shifted emission and high Φfl. The N,N‐dimethylamine fluorophores examined could be both electrochemically oxidized and reduced, whereas the symmetric dinitro pull–pull derivative could be only reversibly reduced. Courtesy of their electrochemical reversibility, the fluorophores could reversibly change color from yellow to blue with an applied potential in addition to switching off their emission. The absorption of the electrochemically generated intermediates of the N,N‐dimethyl derivatives spanned 500 nm over the visible and the NIR regions. The colors could be switched for upwards of two hours with applied potential, illustrating their potential use as electroactive materials in electrochromic devices.
Nonclassical Abramov Products Formed on Orifices of Cage‐Opened C60Derivatives
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Okamoto Shu , Murata Yasujiro
Published: December 2020

By nucleophilic addition of phosphite P(OMe)3to a cage‐opened C60derivative, α‐hydrophosphate and enol phosphate were obtained as kinetic and thermodynamic products, respectively. Different from classical Abramov products bearing a phosphorus–carbon bond, these products have a phosphorus–oxygen bond. The observed anomaly originates from the fully conjugated π system, which significantly stabilizes zwitterionic intermediates bearing a phosphorus–oxygen bond. The thus formed enol phosphate was found to exhibit an intense absorption band that extended to 730 nm, reflecting the intramolecular charge‐transfer transitions. We also report domino phosphorylation reactions, which gave a cage‐opened C60derivative bearing a direct P−C bond.
Ganzheitlicher Explosionsschutz in Förderanlagen
Authors: Saling Carlo
Published: December 2020

Becherwerke, die umgangssprachlich auch als Elevatoren bezeichnet werden, sind Förderanlagen, die Schüttgut mit hohen Transportgeschwindigkeiten senkrecht bis zu etwa 60 m Höhe fördern. Von diesem Förderanlagentyp können hohe Gefährdungen ausgehen. Organi
Creation of a successful multidisciplinary course in pediatric neuro‐oncology with a systematic approach to curriculum development
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Gajjar Amar , Patay Zoltan , Boop Frederick A. , Chiang Jason , Merchant Thomas E. , Santiago Teresa , Schaeffer Elizabeth , Sonnenfelt Jason , Andujar Allyson , Shuler Ana , Caniza Miguela A. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Qaddoumi Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

Background

The St Jude Global Academy Neuro‐Oncology Training Seminar (NOTS) is a hybrid course in pediatric neuro‐oncology specifically designed for physicians from low‐income and middle‐income countries.

Methods

The curriculum for the course was created by conducting a targeted needs assessment that evaluated 11 domains of care for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The targeted needs assessment was completed by 24 institutions across the world, and the data were used to define 5 core elements included in the 2 components of the NOTS: a 9‐week online course and a 7‐day in‐person workshop. Participant acquisition of knowledge and changes in clinical behavior were evaluated as measures of success.

Results

Teams from 8 institutions located in 8 countries enrolled in the online course, and it was successfully completed by 36 participants representing 6 specialties. On the basis of their performance in the online course, 20 participants from 7 institutions took part in the on‐site workshop. The participants exhibited improved knowledge in core elements of treating children with CNS tumors, including barriers of care, possible solutions, and steps for project implementation (P < .0001). All participants expressed a belief that they acquired new concepts and knowledge, leading to changes in their clinical practice. Those present at the workshop created an international multidisciplinary group focused on treating CNS tumors in low‐income and middle‐income countries.

Conclusions

By using a hybrid online and in‐person approach, the authors successfully created a multidisciplinary course focused on pediatric CNS tumors for resource‐limited settings. Their experience supports this strategy as a feasible mechanism for driving further global collaborations.