bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on foraging mechanism of leeches with different feeding habits based on chemoreception and foraging behavior
Authors: Miao Yixiu , Guo Qiaosheng , Shi Hongzhuan , Wang Jia , Guo Liyuan
Published: February 2023

The leeches Whitmania pigra and Hirudo nipponia live in similar environments but have different feeding habits. At present, there are few studies of the foraging mechanism of leeches with different feeding habits. In this study, we first used maze tests to show that these two species of leeches could locate and distinguish their prey through chemosensory activity without mechanical stimulation. However, the two leech species have different foraging behaviors: Individuals of W. pigra move slowly and repeatedly adjust direction through probing and crawling to detect the location of prey (snails), whereas individuals of H. nipponia move quickly, and after determining the location of food (porcine blood), they quickly swim or crawl to the vicinity of their prey. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that there are two types of sensory cilia and pore structures related to mucus secretion in the heads of both leeches. There are two differently sized types of chemoreceptors on the dorsal lip in W. pigra, which may have different functions during foraging, whereas in H. nipponia there is only one type of chemoreceptor, which is small. We detected the chemical components in the natural food of these two leech species by UHPLC–MS. There were 934 metabolites in the body fluid of snails and 751 metabolites in porcine serum; five metabolites unique to the body fluid of snails and to porcine serum were screened as candidate feeding attractants. Of these metabolites, betaine and arginine effectively attracted individuals of W. pigra and H. nipponia, respectively. In summary, leeches with different feeding habits use chemoreceptors to sense external chemical signals when foraging, and there are significant differences between species in foraging behavior, chemoreceptors, and attractants.
Fabrication and properties of novel composite laser ceramics with a surface‐gain structure
Authors: Tian Feng , Jiang Nan , Liu Yang , Dai Zhengfa , Xie Tengfei , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang
Published: February 2023

To suppress heat effects in a high‐power laser system, it has been proposed to use a few composite laser gain media to improve the heat management ability. The surface‐gain structure has the advantages of both slab and thin‐disk configurations, which has huge potential in high‐power laser. For the first time, novel composite laser ceramics with surface‐gain structure have been fabricated by tape casting and sintering technology. The in‐line transmittances of surface‐gain ceramics in 1100 and 400 nm are 83.5% and 79.1%, respectively. According to the laser ablation–coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the diffusion distance of Yb3+is about 150 µm. The laser experiment yields a low repetition rate pulse of 1.9 J with a pump absorption energy of 11 J and an optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 17.2%.
A newly developed glucagon sandwich ELISA is useful for more accurate glucagon evaluation than the currently used sandwich ELISA in subjects with elevated plasma proglucagon‐derived peptide levels
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Maruyama Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Yukako , Togawa Takeshi , Ida Takanori , Yoshida Morikatsu , Miyazato Mikiya , Kitada Masahisa , Hayashi Yoshitaka , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Kitamura Tadahiro
Published: February 2023

Aims/Introduction

Glucagon, a peptide hormone produced from proglucagon, is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Plasma glucagon levels are currently measured by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but the currently used sandwich ELISA cross‐reacts with proglucagon‐derived peptides, thereby providing incorrect results in subjects with elevated plasma proglucagon‐derived peptide levels. We aimed to develop a more broadly reliable ELISA for measuring plasma glucagon levels.

Materials and Methods

A new sandwich ELISA was developed using newly generated monoclonal antibodies against glucagon. After its validation, plasma glucagon levels were measured with the new ELISA and the currently used ELISA in subjects who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and in outpatients with suspected glucose intolerance. The ELISA results were compared with those from liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass (LC‐HRMS) analysis, which we previously established as the most accurate measuring system.

Results

The new ELISA has high specificity (<1% cross‐reactivities) and high sensitivity (a lower range of 0.31 pmol/L). Plasma glucagon values in the subjects who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and some outpatients with suspected glucose intolerance differed between the new ELISA and the currently used ELISA. These subjects also showed markedly high plasma glicentin levels. Despite the elevated plasma glicentin levels, the new ELISA showed better positive correlation with LC‐HRMS than did the currently used ELISA.

Conclusions

The new ELISA enables more accurate measurement of plasma glucagon than the currently used ELISA, even in subjects with elevated proglucagon‐derived peptide levels. It should be clinically useful in elucidating the pathophysiology of individual diabetic patients.
Recent advances in understanding inflammatory acne: Deciphering the relationship betweenCutibacterium acnesand Th17 inflammatory pathway
Authors: Mias Céline , Mengeaud Valerie , Bessou‐Touya Sandrine , Duplan Hélène
Published: February 2023

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinisation, skin microbiome dysbiosis and local immuno‐inflammation. Recent key studies have highlighted a better understanding of the important role ofCutibacterium acnes(C. acnes) in the development of acne. Three major findings in the last decade include: (1) the ability ofC. acnesto self‐organize in a biofilm associated with a more virulent activity, (2) the loss of theC. acnesphylotype diversity and (3) the central role of the Th17 pathway in acne inflammation. Indeed, there is a close link betweenC. acnesand the activation of the Th17 immuno‐inflammatory pathway at the initiation of acne development. These mechanisms are directly linked to the loss ofC. acnesphylotype diversity during acne, with a predominance of the pro‐pathogenic phylotype IA1. This specifically contributes to the induction of the Th17‐mediated immuno‐inflammatory response involving skin cells, such as keratinocytes, monocytes and sebocytes. These advancements have led to new insights into the underlying mechanisms which can be harnessed to develop novel treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. A major disadvantage of traditional treatment with topical antibiotics is that they induce cutaneous dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, future treatments would no longer aim to ‘kill’C. acnes, but to maintain the skin microbiota balance allowing for tissue homeostasis, specifically, the restoration ofC. acnesphylotype diversity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of acne, with a focus on the prominent role ofC. acnesand the Th17‐inflammatory pathways involved.
The usefulness of a dermocosmetic containing Myrtus communis extract and azelaic acid for maintenance phase of adult female acne: Results from a randomized exploratory investigator‐blinded comparative study
Authors: Bagatin Edileia , Thouvenin Marie Dominique , Bacquey Adeline , Baradat Sophie , Lauze Christophe , Mengeaud Valerie , Soares Juliana L. M. , Andrade Leonardo de S.M. , Miot Helio A. , Rocha Marco Alexandre
Published: February 2023

Background

Acne is a very common condition. Currently, there are relatively few studies available to help guidance‐based decisions for its long‐term management, especially studies with cosmetic care products. We have developed a skin care product dedicated to adult female acne.

Objectives

Evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of the test product containing Myrtus communis extract and azelaic acid compared with a light moisturizing cream (LCM) in adult females in the acne maintenance phase.

Methods

A clinical study was conducted as a Brazilian, multicentre, randomized, investigator‐blinded trial in adult females with clear or almost clear facial acne after anti‐acne treatment. The test group (26 subjects) applied the test product and the comparative product group (27 subjects) applied LCM. Both groups applied the products twice daily on the whole face. Subjects were evaluated every 4 weeks over 16 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated according to acne relapse; Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA); acne lesions counting; AcneQoL questionnaire; Subject Global change Assessment (SGA) of acne severity; and the number of Post‐Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) and Post‐Inflammatory Erythema (PIE) lesions. Tolerance was assessed according to a 5‐point scale.

Results

Over 16 weeks, the number of acne relapse was more than double in the comparator compared to the test product group (eight subjects vs. three subjects respectively). There was no statistical difference in the evolution of the mean IGA from baseline between the two groups; however, 85% of subjects were assessed as clear or almost clear in the test product group and 67% in the comparative group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the effectiveness topical application of the test product compared to LCM on acne severity in the maintenance phase of adult female acne. Efficacy results after 16 weeks suggested a trend to limit acne relapses and a benefit of the test product in maintaining long‐term remission.
Morphology and phylogenetic position of three anaerobic ciliates from the classes Odontostomatea and Muranotrichea (Ciliophora)
Authors: Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Pomahač Ondřej , Rotterová Johana , Bourland William A. , Čepička Ivan
Published: February 2023

The diversity of the classes Odontostomatea and Muranotrichea, which contain solely obligate anaerobes, is poorly understood. We studied two populations of Mylestoma sp., one of Saprodinium dentatum (Odontostomatea), two of Muranothrix felix sp. nov., and one of Muranothrix sp. (Muranotrichea) employing live observation, protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Conspecificity of Mylestoma sp., described here, with a previously described species of this genus cannot be excluded since no species have been studied with modern methods. Phylogenetically, the genus Mylestoma is closely related to the odontostomatid Discomorphella pedroeneasi, although the phylogenetic position of class Odontostomatea itself remains unresolved. The newly described muranotrichean species, Muranothrix felix sp. nov., is morphologically similar to M. gubernata but can be distinguished by its fewer macronuclear nodules and fewer adoral membranelles; moreover, it is clearly distinguished from M. gubernata by its 18S rRNA gene sequence. Another population, designated here as Muranothrix sp., most likely represents a separate species.
Psychological interventions aiming for changing dietary habits in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vassou Christina , Yannakoulia Mary , Cropley Mark , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B.
Published: February 2023

Background

Diet is a critical component of healthy lifestyle, especially in cardiac rehabilitation. Psychological interventions, as well as mix‐treatment interventions, such as psychological components, appear promising approaches in the adoption and maintenance of a healthy diet in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the variety of clinical intervention programmes available, we aimed to determine whether psychological interventions and interventions that incorporate psychological components provide better lifestyle outcomes than traditional care, specifically targeting dietary outcomes, and what types of psychological or mix‐treatment interventions are more likely to benefit patients with CVD.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to identify interventional studies, published from 2012 to 2022, written in English, evaluating psychological and mix‐treatment intervention programmes for dietary outcomes in patients with CVD. In total, 33 intervention studies (n = 5644 patients) were retrieved and analysed using fixed and random effects models.

Results

No significant effect of the psychological intervention was observed regarding fruit and vegetable intake (Hedge's g = +1.06, p = 0.766), whereas a significant reduction was observed in alcoholic beverage consumption in the intervention group, as compared to the control group (Hedge's g = −7.33, p < 0.001). However, based on both our qualitative and quantitative analyses, psychological and mix‐treatment interventions were more effective than traditional models in dietary modification. Also, the majority of effective interventions were psychological over mixed‐treatment interventions.

Conclusions

Findings add to the growing evidence suggesting that specific psychological interventions may be effective approaches in dietary modification for patients with CVD, potentially forming part of public health agenda.
Place in Entrepreneurial Storytelling: A Study of Cultural Entrepreneurship in a Deprived Context
Authors: Kimmitt Jonathan , Kibler Ewald , Schildt Henri , Oinas Päivi
Published: February 2023

We extend the cultural entrepreneurship perspective by investigating how entrepreneurs in deprived contexts gain legitimacy by leveraging proprietary and public places in their entrepreneurial storytelling. Inspired by the sociology of place, we present a longitudinal study of ten new venture journeys over four years in Kasoa, Ghana. We identify three distinct ways places are used in entrepreneurial narratives: projective significance of place, connective significance of place, and authoritative significance of place. We show how impoverished entrepreneurs construct and communicate places in diverse ways, not only as locations, but also as material and symbolic resources that provide legitimacy for their venturing activities. Drawing from our findings, we generate a model of place‐based cultural entrepreneurship and elaborate place as a central resource in cultural entrepreneurship and new venture creation in deprived contexts.
Boldly going… Introducing conflict management training to Starship Children's Hospital
Authors: Miles Fiona , Barclay Sarah , Menson Esse , Shepherd Toni , Webster Louise
Published: February 2023

Conflict between health professionals and whānau (families) in paediatric hospitals is common and leads to significant distress for families and staff. The likelihood of challenges and conflict around communication and critical medical decision‐making is increased where there are cultural and social complexities. Training staff to recognise and manage conflict as early as possible improves patient/whānau outcomes and staff well‐being. This article describes an ongoing collaboration between Starship Children's Hospital in Auckland New Zealand (NZ) and the UK Medical Mediation Foundation (MMF) focused on educating staff in the early recognition and management of conflict using mediation skills. An evidence‐based training programme and structured ongoing supervision of a small group of champions has enabled this training to be embedded into Starship clinical practice. The collaboration has included careful consideration of the New Zealand setting, ensuring that the content of the programme specifically addresses our unique cultural and social context. Mediation skills are an important step in ensuring that our patients and whānau feel heard, acknowledged, and respected, and contribute to the Starship Child Health's strategic priority of eliminating inequity and addressing institutional bias.
Operationalizing inclusive growth: Can malleable ideas survive metricized governance?
Authors: Hill O'Connor Clementine , Smith Katherine , Hughes Ceri , Meier Petra , Purshouse Robin
Published: February 2023

Advocates of inclusive growth claim it provides policymakers with a means of combining economic success with social inclusivity, making it highly attractive across a wide range of settings. Here, we explore how three UK policy organizations (a devolved national government, a city region combined authority, and a local council) are pursuing inclusive growth goals. Drawing on 51 semistructured interviews, documentary analysis and policy ethnography, we argue that inclusive growth is a classic “chameleonic idea,” strategically imbued with malleable qualities that serve to obscure substantive, unresolved tensions. These characteristics are helpful in achieving alliances, both within policy organizations and between these organizations and their multiple stakeholders. However, these same qualities make inclusive growth challenging to operationalize, especially in governance settings dominated by metrics. The process of representing a malleable idea via a set of metricized indicators involves simplification and stabilization, both of which risk disrupting the fragile coalitions that malleability enables.
Molecular mapping of two recessive genes controlling resistance to bacterial leaf pustule disease in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Totade Sumit Prakashrao , Gupta Sudhir Kumar , Manjaya Joy Gilbert
Published: February 2023

Bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a serious soybean disease. A BLP resistant genotype ‘TS‐3’ was crossed with a BLP susceptible genotype ‘PK472’, and a segregating F2 mapping population was developed for genetic analysis and mapping. The F2 population segregation pattern in 15:1 susceptible/resistance ratio against Xag inoculum indicated that the resistance to BLP in ‘TS‐3’ was governed by two recessive genes. A total of 12 SSR markers, five SSR markers located on chromosome 2 and seven SSR markers located on chromosome 6 were identified as linked to BLP resistance. One of the resistance loci (r1) was mapped with flanking SSR markers Sat_183 and BARCSOYSSR_02_1613 at a distance of 0.9 and 2.1 cM, respectively. Similarly, SSR markers BARCSOYSSR_06_0024 and BARCSOYSSR_06_0013 flanked the second locus (r2) at distances of 1.5 and 2.1 cM, respectively. The identified two recessive genes imparting resistance to BLP disease and the SSR markers tightly linked to these loci would serve as important genetic and molecular resources to develop BLP resistant genotypes in soybean.
Phylogeography of Eriotheca species complex: insights into the origin and range expansion of apomictic and polyploid trees in Neotropical Savannas
Authors: Marinho R. C. , Mendes‐Rodrigues C. , Resende‐Moreira L. C. , Lovato M. B. , Bonetti A. M. , Oliveira P. E.
Published: February 2023

Polyploidy and whole genome duplication are major evolutionary drivers in plants. Climate variations during the Pleistocene have influenced distribution and range expansion worldwide. Similar trends have been reported for Cerrado plants, but no attempt has been made to link phylogeography with ploidy and breeding changes. Thus, we aimed to (i) assess ploidy and genome size of Eriotheca estevesiae Carv.‐Sobr., and compare it with E. pubescens (Mart.) Schott & Endl. (Both included into the Eriotheca Stellate Trichome Species Complex – ESTSC). (ii) Subsequently, we investigated their phylogeography to see whether genetic structure and range expansion trends were similar to those previously described for the Cerrado biome. Finally (iii), we discuss whether ESTSC phylogeographic patterns could be associated with geographic parthenogenesis processes.

Common cytogenetic techniques and flow cytometry were used to confirm chromosome number and genome size of E. estevesiae. We used three cpDNA regions to analyse 14 ESTSC Cerrado populations, for which we also obtained ploidy level and breeding information. We investigated haplotype diversity, population structure and tested neutrality, aiming to reconstruct phylogeographic scenarios.

We found three ploidy levels and eight cpDNA haplotypes in ESTSC, one shared by most populations. Haplotype and ploidy distribution corroborated that E. pubescens, the widely distributed polyploid and apomictic species, may have originated from northern diploid and probably sexual E. estevesiae.

Matrilinear cpDNA links support the idea that apomixis and polyploidy in ESTSC may have allowed range expansion during the Pleistocene, in a process analogous to the geographic parthenogenesis described elsewhere.
Development, reliability, and validity of a self‐assessment scale for dementia care management
Authors: Kazawa Kana , Mochizuki Mariko , Ochikubo Hiroyuki , Ishii Shinya
Published: February 2023

Background

This study aimed to develop a self‐assessment scale for care management of people with dementia and examine its reliability and validity.

Methods

Based on Bloom's Taxonomy, previous research, and experts' opinions on dementia and care management, a scale consisting of 18 items was developed to assess care managers' attitudes, knowledge, and skills in their management of people with dementia. To examine the scale's reliability and validity, data were collected from 638 care managers. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, known‐group validity, and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a four‐factor model and explained 59.1% of the total variance. Following were the four factors: Factor I ‘Person centred care’; Factor II ‘Understanding of disease characteristics, treatment and care’; Factor III ‘Understanding of people with dementia and care management according to their characteristics’; and Factor IV ‘Utilization of local resources surrounding people with dementia’. Regarding the known‐group validity, results showed that the group with a qualified chief care manager scored significantly higher than the group without one on Factors I (P = 0.013) and III (P = 0.026). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 18 items was 0.928.

Conclusions

The findings prove that the scale has acceptable reliability and validity, and can help care managers reflect on their practice. Future research is desirable to measure the validation of change in the scale.
Watching with Argus eyes: Characterization of emotional and physiological responding in adults exposed to childhood maltreatment and/or recent adversity
Authors: Koppold Alina , Kastrinogiannis Alexandros , Kuhn Manuel , Lonsdorf Tina B.
Published: February 2023

Exposure to adverse experiences is a well‐established major risk factor for affective psychopathology. The vulnerability of deleterious sequelae is assumed in maladaptive processes of the defensive system, particularly in emotional processing. More specifically, childhood maltreatment has been suggested to be associated with the recruitment of specific and distinct defensive response profiles. To date, it remains unclear whether these are specific or generalizable to recent adversity in adulthood. This pre‐registered study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to childhood and recent adversity on emotional processing in 685 healthy adults with the “Affective Startle Modulation” Paradigm (ASM). First, we replicated higher trait anxiety and depression levels in individuals exposed to both types of adversity. Second, we observed increased general skin conductance reactivity in individuals exposed to recent adversity. Third, individualsexposed to childhood maltreatmentshowed reduced, while individualsexposed to recent adversityshowed increased discrimination between pictures of negative and neutral valence, compared with non‐exposed individuals in SCR. No association between exposure to adversity and fear potentiated startle was observed. Furthermore, explorative analyses revealed moderate dimensional and categorical agreement between two childhood maltreatment questionnaires and provide insight into potential adversity‐type specific effects. Our results support experience‐dependent plasticity in sympathetic nervous system reactivity and suggest distinct response profiles in affective modulation in individuals exposed to early versus recent adversity. We emphasize the need to further explore distinct adversity profiles to further our understanding on specific psychophysiological profiles and their potential implication for prevention and intervention.
Measuring Contraceptive Autonomy at Two Sites in Burkina Faso: A First Attempt to Measure a Novel Family Planning Indicator
Authors: Senderowicz Leigh , Bullington Brooke W. , Sawadogo Nathalie , Tumlinson Katherine , Langer Ana , Soura Abdramane , Zabré Pascal , Sié Ali
Published: February 2023

There is growing consensus in the family planning community around the need for novel measures of autonomy. Existing literature highlights the tension between efforts to pursue contraceptive targets and maximize uptake on the one hand, and efforts to promote quality, person‐centeredness, and contraceptive autonomy on the other hand. Here, we pilot a novel measure of contraceptive autonomy, measuring it at two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Burkina Faso. We conducted a population‐based survey with 3,929 women of reproductive age, testing an array of new survey items within the three subdomains of informed choice, full choice, and free choice. In addition to providing tentative estimates of the prevalence of contraceptive autonomy and its subdomains in our sample of Burkinabè women, we critically examine which parts of the proposed methodology worked well, what challenges/limitations we encountered, and what next steps might be for refining, improving, and validating the indicator. We demonstrate that contraceptive autonomy can be measured at the population level but a number of complex measurement challenges remain. Rather than a final validated tool, we consider this a step on a long road toward a more person‐centered measurement agenda for the global family planning community.
Right‐wing populism against diploma democracy. The evolution of parliamentary elites in Austria, Italy, and Switzerland
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar , Pilotti Andrea , Anselmi Manuel
Published: February 2023

Are the sociological profiles of radical right‐wing populist parties' (RRPPs) representatives really unlike those of their counterparts in mainstream parties? Once RRPPs occupy positions of legislative power for an extended period, do their MPs' profiles increasingly converge with those of more mainstream parties? This paper examines three right‐wing parties in Austria, Italy, and Switzerland (FPÖ, LEGA, and SVP), and shows how RRPPs' MPs persistently contrast the “diploma democracy”, that is the increasingly dominant high‐educated trend in political representation. Inspired by the current scholarship's diachronic and comparative perspectives of political elites and MPs, the analysis focuses trends since the 1980s.
Effects of dimension reduction of hyperspectral images in skin gross pathology
Authors: Aloupogianni Eleni , Ishikawa Masahiro , Ichimura Takaya , Hamada Mei , Murakami Takuo , Sasaki Atsushi , Nakamura Koichiro , Kobayashi Naoki , Obi Takashi
Published: February 2023

Background

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging modality for the gross pathology of the skin. Spectral signatures of HSI could discriminate malignant from benign tissue. Because of inherent redundancies in HSI and in order to facilitate the use of deep‐learning models, dimension reduction is a common preprocessing step. The effects of dimension reduction choice, training scope, and number of retained dimensions have not been evaluated on skin HSI for segmentation tasks.

Materials and methods

An in‐house dataset of HSI signatures from pigmented skin lesions was prepared and labeled with histology. Eleven different dimension reduction methods were used as preprocessing for tumor margin detection with support vector machines. Cluster‐wise principal component analysis (ClusterPCA), a new variant of PCA, was proposed. The scope of application for dimension reduction was also investigated.

Results

The components produced by ClusterPCA show good agreement with the expected optical properties of skin chromophores. Random forest importance performed best during classification. However, all methods suffered from low sensitivity and generalization.

Conclusion

Investigation of more complex reduction and segmentation schemes with emphasis on the nature of HSI and optical properties of the skin is necessary. Insights on dimension reduction for skin tissue could facilitate the development of HSI‐based systems for cancer margin detection at gross level.
Emotional response to U.K. political party leader facial displays of affiliation, reward, and ambiguity during Brexit
Authors: Stewart Patrick A. , Lee Nick , Bucy Erik P. , Senior Carl
Published: February 2023

Objective

On December 12, 2019, the United Kingdom's ruling Conservative Party called an election that put the country's 2016 “Brexit” referendum on leaving the European Union to the test. The divisive campaign and a polarized electorate culminated in large losses by opposition Labour and Liberal Democratic parties. Amid a polarized electorate, lingering questions arise as to whether the election results reflect more upon partisan ties or the respective party leaders' ability to emotionally connect with followers through their nonverbal behavior.

Methods

Using a unique pre‐registered design, this study considers the emotional response to leaders of the three major U.K. political parties in the week prior to the December 2019 election by drawing upon a national sample of 546 partisan participants. We examine self‐reported happiness, affinity, anger, and distress in response to reward and affiliative smiles as well as ambiguous facial displays in short videos shown without sound featuring Conservative Party leader Boris Johnson and his opponents Jeremy Corbyn (Labour Party) and Jo Swinson (Liberal Democratic Party).

Results

The findings of this pre‐registered study suggests partisan identity plays a powerful role in empathetic and counter‐empathetic responses to leader facial displays generally. Further analysis reveals a more nuanced response to the competing leaders’ facial displays with followers of all three parties responding to the different smiles in distinct manners.
Casting inference to the best explanation's lot with active inference
Authors: Beni Majid D.
Published: February 2023

This paper draws on the resources of computational neuroscience (an account of active inference under the free energy principle) to address Bas van Fraassen's bad lot objection to the inference to the best explanation (IBE). The general assumption of this paper is that IBE is a finessed form of active inferences that self‐organising systems perform to maximise the chance of their survival. Under this assumption, the paper aims to establish the following points: first, the capacity to learn to perform explanatory inferences comes with evolutionary privileges; second, adaptive actions guide beliefs and beliefs are action‐oriented; and third, IBE is not inconsistent with (approximate) Bayesianism but plays a heuristic role to it.
Desigualdade Estrutural e Divisão Sexual do Trabalho
Authors: Jacobi Kölling Gabrielle , Aguiar Ferreira da Silva Cristina , Silva Andrade Gernardes
Published: February 2023

Este artigo objetiva examinar o quadro de fome no Brasil a partir da perspectiva de gênero e da divisão sexual do trabalho exacerbados em função da pandemia do COVID-19. O problema desta pesquisa consiste em evidenciar os motivos pelos quais mulheres pobres, em sua maioria pretas e periféricas, são mais afetadas pela fome e pela insegurança alimentar. Neste sentido, inicialmente, analisaremos o direito fundamental à alimentação adequada e a narrativa contemporânea da necropolítica alimentar. Em seguida, abordaremos as formas de divisão sexual do trabalho e economia do cuidado como forma de incremento da vulnerabilidade social e a sua interface com a feminização da fome. Conclui-se, por fim, que a conjunção da divisão sexual do trabalho, dos contratempos deste período (trans)pandêmico e de uma necropolítica alimentar tem por consequências a sujeição muitas mulheres à vulnerabilidade econômica, à pobreza e à fome, bem como lhes deixam mais expostas à economia do cuidado e à sobrecarga de trabalho doméstico não remunerado. Quanto à metodologia, utilizaremos o método hipotético-dedutivo, mais também as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O marco teórico tem por lastro os estudos teóricos de Michel Foucault e Achille Mbembe (necropolítica).
Direito Humano à Água Potável e Pobreza dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Squeff Tatiana , Douglas da Silva Costa Christian , Assenço Creuz Derek
Published: February 2023

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a tensão entre concorrentes marcadores sociais da diferença, especificamente raça-etnia e pobreza, a partir da adoção da interseccionalidade como lente crítico-analítica para os direitos humanos, sobretudo quando reveladora de violação à efetividade da dignidade humana decorrente de uma perspectiva unidimensional. De caráter qualitativo e a partir de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, a investigação toma como ponto central o relatório "Direitos humanos à água potável e ao saneamento de povos indígenas: situação e lições de culturas ancestrais", elaborado por Pedro Arrojo Agudo e apresentado perante a Assembleia Geral da ONU, para analisar o contexto de garantia de acesso à água potável aos povos indígenas por parte do Estado brasileiro enquanto política pública voltada à erradicação da pobreza no país.Conclui-se, ao final, que tal direito, uma vez que já reconhecido internacionalmente, também deve ser introduzido no ordenamento jurídico doméstico para criar obrigações positivas para o Poder Executivo atuar em seu cumprimento. No entanto, também se considera que,  em virtude do posicionamento da atual gestão, o direito à água dificilmente seria positivado devido à posição (negativa) do governo em relação aos direitos dos povos indígenas e à própria proteção do meio ambiente.
Barriers and facilitators for implementing a nurse residency program for new graduate nurses: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pickens Jessica B. , Palokas Michelle
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map any barriers or obstacles to implementing a nurse residency program for new graduate nurses, and any facilitators that could ease the process of implementing a nurse residency program.

Introduction:

One way to prevent new nurse graduate turnover and reduce the organizational cost of training new nurses is to proactively address their burnout and stress. Organizations can reduce high levels of new nurse graduate turnover and ensure these graduates are competent in nursing practice by implementing a nurse residency program. Nurse residency programs have been found to be beneficial to retaining and preparing new graduate nurses; however, many facilities are not utilizing these programs.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider published and unpublished studies from 2002 until the present that report on the barriers and facilitators for hospitals implementing nurse residency programs for newly licensed nurse graduates with less than 12 months of nursing experience. Studies that report on hospitals in any culture or geographic location will be included.

Methods:

The key databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), and Web of Science. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature to be searched include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and MedNar. Two independent reviewers will retrieve and review full-text studies and extract data. The results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format with a narrative summary.

Review registration number:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/3gmpu
Application of occupational justice concepts to children who are born preterm or admitted to neonatal intensive care and their parents: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carruthers Kathryn , Robinson Jonathan , Armstrong Alan , Hannis Dorothy
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This review aims to identify and map the usage, application, and context of occupational justice concepts and related terms by occupational therapists and occupational scientists in relation to parents and children when children are born preterm or admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.

Introduction:

Occupational justice concepts and related terms can inform occupational therapy practice at the individual level or as a wider social approach. However, the extent to which these concepts have been applied to parents and children, when children are born preterm or admitted to neonatal intensive care, is unknown.

Inclusion criteria

Studies must include one or more occupational justice concepts or associated terms in relation to the named population groups. Sources must be related to occupational therapy or occupational science.

Methods:

The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the PRISMA-S extension for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews. Several electronic databases and sources of gray literature will be searched, limited by publication year (2000 till the present day). The review will only include human studies and studies with a title or abstract in English. Book chapters will be excluded. Reference lists of retrieved studies will be searched against pre-determined criteria. Evidence sources will be independently screened by a minimum of 2 authors, and evidence will be mapped on a pre-determined template.

Review registration number:

osf.io/eqd9f
Vascular access in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Morrissey Emma , Hernon Orlaith , Egan Rachel , Carr Peter J.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to examine the extent of vascular access research undertaken in the critically ill COVID-19 population.

Introduction:

Two fundamental supportive invasive interventions in the critical care environment are mechanical ventilation and intravenous therapy. Ventilation research has dominated the literature since the pandemic began, with little research on vascular access devices, despite these interventions existing almost codependently. The systematic proning of this cohort of patients increases the risk of dressing infiltration and infection. Vascular access devices, and the coagulopathic manifestations of COVID-19, place these patients at a heightened risk of complications. Vascular access device insertion, care, and maintenance in the critically ill COVID-19 population must be understood to investigate whether this population is at an increased risk of vascular access device complications and vessel health compromise.

Inclusion Criteria:

All study designs will be eligible for inclusion in the review. The intensive care unit will be the main focus of this scoping review. Results will be limited to adults with disease progression severe enough to require admission to critical care.

Methods:

A search of Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and PubMed will be conducted. Clinical trial data will also be sought. As recommended by JBI, a 3-step search process will be followed. Data will be extracted using a data extraction instrument based on a template from JBI. The review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and results will be presented in a PRISMA flow diagram. Publication dates will be filtered from 2019 to the present; only English-language results will be included.

Review registration number:

Not applicable
Echocardiographic identification of right atrial mass: a case of cardiac angiosarcoma
Authors: LI Jing , Nie Fang , Guo Fangzhou , Ye Na , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

.
Rare liver cancer complicated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Shi Miao , Li Xin , Wang Xiurong , Pan Xiaojie , Zhang Yunhua , Zhang Mingxu , Zhao Qinghua
Published: February 2023

.
Ultrasound guided interscalene brachial plexus block
Authors: Serchan Paschalitsa , Griseto Laura , Armissoglio Geraldine , Iohom Gabriella
Published: February 2023

Peripheral nerve blocks have long been established as a crucial part of the enhanced recovery pathways after surgery. Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is mainly indicated for anaesthesia and analgesia during shoulder and proximal arm surgery. Ultrasound technology has remarkably improved the efficacy and success rates of the ISB while limiting its potential complications.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
Distributed acoustic sensing recordings of low-frequency whale calls and ship noise offshore Central Oregon
Authors: Wilcock William S. D. , Abadi Shima , Lipovsky Bradley P.
Published: February 2023

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a technique that measures strain changes along an optical fiber to distances of ∼100 km with a spatial sensitivity of tens of meters. In November 2021, 4 days of DAS data were collected on two cables of the Ocean Observatories Initiative Regional Cabled Array extending offshore central Oregon. Numerous 20 Hz fin whale calls, northeast Pacific blue whale A and B calls, and ship noises were recorded, highlighting the potential of DAS for monitoring the ocean. The data are publicly available to support studies to understand the sensitivity of submarine DAS for low-frequency acoustic monitoring.
Medium-density amorphous ice
Authors: Rosu-Finsen Alexander , Davies Michael B. , Amon Alfred , Wu Han , Sella Andrea , Michaelides Angelos , Salzmann Christoph G.
Published: February 2023

Amorphous ices govern a range of cosmological processes and are potentially key materials for explaining the anomalies of liquid water. A substantial density gap between low-density and high-density amorphous ice with liquid water in the middle is a cornerstone of our current understanding of water. However, we show that ball milling “ordinary” ice I
h
at low temperature gives a structurally distinct medium-density amorphous ice (MDA) within this density gap. These results raise the possibility that MDA is the true glassy state of liquid water or alternatively a heavily sheared crystalline state. Notably, the compression of MDA at low temperature leads to a sharp increase of its recrystallization enthalpy, highlighting that H
2
O can be a high-energy geophysical material.
Sex-dimorphic and age-dependent organization of 24-hour gene expression rhythms in humans
Authors: Talamanca Lorenzo , Gobet Cédric , Naef Felix
Published: February 2023

The circadian clock modulates human physiology. However, the organization of tissue-specific gene expression rhythms and how these depend on age and sex is not defined in humans. We combined data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project with an algorithm that assigns circadian phases to 914 donors, by integrating temporal information from multiple tissues in each individual, to identify messenger RNA (mRNA) rhythms in 46 tissues. Clock transcripts showed conserved timing relationships and tight synchrony across the body. mRNA rhythms varied in breadth, covering global and tissue-specific functions, including metabolic pathways and systemic responses. The clock structure was conserved across sexes and age groups. However, overall gene expression rhythms were highly sex-dimorphic and more sustained in females. Rhythmic programs generally dampened with age across the body.
Working at room temperature
Authors: Dong Dejian , Lu Yi-Chun
Published: February 2023

A solid-state electrolyte enables a lithium-air battery to operate at 25°C
Computer-aided key step generation in alkaloid total synthesis
Authors: Lin Yingfu , Zhang Rui , Wang Di , Cernak Tim
Published: February 2023

Efficient chemical synthesis is critical to satisfying future demands for medicines, materials, and agrochemicals. Retrosynthetic analysis of modestly complex molecules has been automated over the course of decades, but the combinatorial explosion of route possibilities has challenged computer hardware and software until only recently. Here, we explore a computational strategy that merges computer-aided synthesis planning with molecular graph editing to minimize the number of synthetic steps required to produce alkaloids. Our study culminated in an enantioselective three-step synthesis of (–)-stemoamide by leveraging high-impact key steps, which could be identified in computer-generated retrosynthesis plans using graph edit distances.
As some postdocs’ pay rises, funding fears grow
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: February 2023

Salary mandates in California and Washington leave many lab heads scrambling
Salmonella Prevalence Is Strongly Associated with Spatial Factors while Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence Is Strongly Associated with Temporal Factors on Virginia Produce Farms
Authors: Murphy Claire M. , Weller Daniel L. , Strawn Laura K.
Published: February 2023

This study sought to examine different growing regions across the state of Virginia and to determine how factors associated with pathogen prevalence may differ between regions. Spatial and temporal data were modeled to identify factors associated with an increased pathogen likelihood in various on-farm sources.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Endophytic Actinacidiphila bryophytorum Strain DS3, Isolated from the Roots of the Medicinal Plant Dysosma versipellis
Authors: Huang Qian , Wu Luchun , Xu Xinyi , Tian Guihua , Zou Hang , Yang Xingyong
Published: February 2023

We report the whole-genome sequence of the endophytic
Actinacidiphila bryophytorum
strain DS3, which was isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant
Dysosma versipellis
. The DS3 strain genome consists of a chromosome of 8,265,668 bp, with a GC content of 72.47%, including 7,121 coding sequences.
Probiotic Formulation VSL#3 Interacts with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells To Protect Dopaminergic Neurons via Centrally and Peripherally Suppressing NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease Mice
Authors: Zhou Liping , Han Deqiang , Wang Xingzhe , Chen Zhiguo
Published: February 2023

This study provides evidence for the neuroprotective activities of human umbilical cord MSCs from the aspect of anti-inflammation actions. hMSCs inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and MPTP-induced inflammation in both brain and periphery to relieve the degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons in PD mice. Furthermore, as an additional therapeutic agent, probiotic formulation VSL#3 interacts with hMSCs in suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects to exert neuroprotective actions in PD mice without altering the actions of hMSCs, suggesting the potential of VSL#3 as an adjuvant therapy in PD treatment.
Secondary Metabolite Production Potential in a Microbiome of the Freshwater Sponge Spongilla lacustris
Authors: Graffius Sophie , Garzón Jaime Felipe Guerrero , Zehl Martin , Pjevac Petra , Kirkegaard Rasmus , Flieder Mathias , Loy Alexander , Rattei Thomas , Ostrovsky Andrew , Zotchev Sergey B.
Published: February 2023

A large body of research is dedicated to marine sponges, filter-feeding animals harboring rich bacterial microbiomes believed to play an important role in protecting the host from predators and infections. Freshwater sponges have received so far much less attention with respect to their microbiomes, members of which may produce bioactive secondary metabolites with potential to be developed into drugs to treat a variety of diseases.