bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Hostility on Quality of Life, Functioning, and Suicidal Ideation Among Male Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Wells Stephanie Y. , Brennan Carolyn L. , Van Voorhees Elizabeth E. , Beckham Jean C. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Clancy Carolina P. , Hertzberg Michael A. , Dillon Kirsten H.
Published: June 2021

Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience high levels of hostility. Although studies have found that PTSD is associated with poorer quality of life (QoL), increased functional impairment, lower levels of social support, and increased suicidal ideation, it is unclear if hostility impacts these domains in veterans with PTSD above and beyond the impact from PTSD and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether hostility is related to several indices of poorer QoL and functioning after controlling for demographic characteristics, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 641) were male U.S. veterans seeking PTSD treatment through a specialty clinic in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Veterans completed the Davidson Trauma Scale for DSM‐IV (DTS), Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), Quality of Life Inventory, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the impact of PAI measures of hostility on QoL, functioning, social support, and suicidal ideation beyond DTS, depression, race, and age. After covarying for DTS total score, depression symptoms, age, and race, higher levels of hostility were significantly associated with higher degrees of functional impairment and lower degrees of social support, ΔR2 = .01 and ΔR2 = .02, respectively. Higher levels of hostility were significantly related to diminished functioning and lower social support beyond PTSD and depressive symptoms in veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating hostility in veterans with PTSD.
Small dop of comonomer, giant shift of cloud point: Thermo‐responsive behavior and mechanism of poly(methylacrylamide) copolymers with an upper critical solution temperature
Authors: Lu Jianlei , Zhou Xionglin , Sun Jialin , Xu Mengdi , Zhang Mingming , Zhao Chuanzhuang
Published: June 2021

Poly(methylacrylamide) (PMAM) is a thermo‐responsive polymer with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Its cloud point (Tcp) is around 60 °C, unsuitable for certain biomedical and industrial applications. This study brought up a copolymerization strategy to tune the Tcp of PMAM with hydrophilic comonomers. Surprisingly, with a small portion of hydrophilic monomer doped, the Tcp of the PMAM copolymer can be significantly shifted. For instances, with ≤7 mol% of acrylamide or 1 mol% of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, the Tcp can be shifted in a wide range from ~69 to ~0 °C. Microdifferential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the enthalpic effect during the phase transition of the solutions is indistinctive, while fluorescence measurement with pyrene as a probe revealed that the hydrogen‐bonding within polymer chains is enhanced by the hydrophobic aggregation of methyl groups. Therefore, the doped hydrophilic monomer could remarkably alter the ordering of water‐molecules and the extent for the aggregation of methyl groups, leading to the pronounced shifting in the Tcp of the copolymers. This work would facilitate the application of PMAM as smart polymer materials and guide the inventions of functional materials based on UCST polymers.
Ivermectin and outcomes from Covid‐19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trial studies
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Halim Devina Adella , Rosalind Jane , Gunawan Catherine , Kurniawan Andree
Published: June 2021

Ivermectin is an FDA‐approved drug for a parasitic disease that has broad antiviral activity. This study aims to analyse the efficacy of ivermectin in improving the Covid‐19 outcomes. We systematically searched the PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov database using specific keywords related to our aims until 10th May 2021. All published randomized clinical trial studies on Covid‐19 and ivermectin were retrieved. The quality of the study was assessed using Jadad scale assessment tool for clinical trial studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 19 studies with 2768 Covid‐19 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis showed that ivermectin was associated with reduction in severity of Covid‐19 (RR 0.43 [95% CI 0.23–0.81], p = 0.008), reduction of mortality (RR 0.31 [95% CI 0.15–0.62], p = 0.001), higher negative RT‐PCR test results rate (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.01–1.51], p = 0.04), shorter time to negative RT‐PCR test results (mean difference [MD] −3.29 [95% CI −5.69, −0.89], p = 0.007), higher symptoms alleviations rate (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.03−1.46], p = 0.02), shorter time to symptoms alleviations (MD −0.68 [95% CI −1.07, −0.29], p = 0.0007) and shorter time to hospital discharge (MD −2.66 [95% CI −4.49, −0.82], p = 0.004). Our study suggests that ivermectin may offer beneficial effects towards Covid‐19 outcomes. More randomized clinical trial studies are still needed to confirm the results of our study.
Estimation of the mean function of functional data via deep neural networks
Authors: Wang Shuoyang , Cao Guanqun , Shang Zuofeng ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2021

In this work, we propose a deep neural networks‐based method to perform non‐parametric regression for functional data. The proposed estimators are based on sparsely connected deep neural networks with rectifier linear unit (ReLU) activation function. We provide the convergence rate of the proposed deep neural networks estimator in terms of the empirical norm. Through Monte Carlo simulation studies, we examine the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyse positron emission tomography images of patients with Alzheimer's disease obtained from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.
Pavement Condition Index Prediction Using Fractional Order GM(1,1) Model
Authors: Cai Lulu , Wu Fei , Lei Dongge
Published: June 2021

Asphalt pavement performance prediction is an important issue for pavement management system. However, it is a difficult problem because asphalt pavement performance are affected by many factors. In this paper, a new method based on fractional gray model is proposed to predict the asphalt pavement performance with a limited data. The proposed method adopts fractional accumulating generating operation (FAGO) to replace traditional accumulating generating operation (AGO), which can be regarded as a weighted AGO emphasizing different contribution of data point for future prediction. An efficient differential evolution algorithm is adopted to select the best order of FAGO. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher prediction accuracy than conventional gray prediction model. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to ureteral stricture due to congenital circumcaval ureter and concomitant levoposition of the caudal vena cava in a Bernese Mountain Dog
Authors: Izquierdo Robert Laura , Puig Jordi , Garcia Elena , Domínguez Elisabet , Vizcaino Reves Nuria
Published: June 2021

A two‐year‐old, neutered male Bernese Mountain Dog was evaluated for chronic vomiting. CT imaging revealed left hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to ureteral constriction due to congenital circumcaval ureter and concomitant levoposition of the caudal vena cava (CVC). Nephroureterectomy was performed, and clinical signs were fully resolved. Although congenital circumcaval ureter has been described significantly in cats, only two cases in dogs were previously reported. Its clinical relevance depends upon the grade of luminal stenosis. This report offers details of the first fully described case with clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment and follow‐up, including histopathology, of a severe pyelectasia caused by entrapment of the ureter by the transposition of the CVC in a dog.
Helicity basis for three-dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Li Yue-Zhou
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Three-point correlators of spinning operators admit multiple tensor structures compatible with conformal symmetry. For conserved currents in three dimensions, we point out that helicity commutes with conformal transformations and we use this to construct three-point structures which diagonalize helicity. In this helicity basis, OPE data is found to be diagonal for mean-field correlators of conserved currents and stress tensor. Furthermore, we use Lorentzian inversion formula to obtain anomalous dimensions for conserved currents at bulk tree-level order in holographic theories, which we compare with corresponding flat-space gluon scattering amplitudes.
Variations on the Maiani-Testa approach and the inverse problem
Authors: Bruno M. , Hansen M. T.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We discuss a method to construct hadronic scattering and decay amplitudes from Euclidean correlators, by combining the approach of a regulated inverse Laplace transform with the work of Maiani and Testa [1]. Revisiting the original result of ref. [1], we observe that the key observation, i.e. that only threshold scattering information can be extracted at large separations, can be understood by interpreting the correlator as a spectral function,ρ(ω), convoluted with the Euclidean kernel,e−ωt, which is sharply peaked at threshold. We therefore consider a modification in which a smooth step function, equal to one above a target energy, is inserted in the spectral decomposition. This can be achieved either through Backus-Gilbert-like methods or more directly using the variational approach. The result is a shifted resolution function, such that the largetlimit projects onto scattering or decay amplitudes above threshold. The utility of this method is highlighted through largetexpansions of both three- and four-point functions that include leading terms proportional to the real and imaginary parts (separately) of the target observable. This work also presents new results relevant for the un-modified correlator at threshold, including expressions for extracting theNπscattering length from four-point functions and a new strategy to organize the largetexpansion that exhibits better convergence than the expansion in powers of 1/t.
Late Thrombectomy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Herzberg Moriz , Scherling Korbinian , Stahl Robert , Tiedt Steffen , Wollenweber Frank A. , Küpper Clemens , Feil Katharina , Forbrig Robert , Patzig Maximilian , Kellert Lars , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Reidler Paul , Zimmermann Hanna , Liebig Thomas , Dieterich Marianne , Dorn Franziska ,   GSR investigators, Boeckh-Behrens T. , Wunderlich S. , Reich A. , Wiesmann M. , Ernemann U. , Hauser T. , Siebert E. , Nolte C. , Zweynert S. , Bohner G. , Ludolph A. , Henn K.-H. , Pfeilschifter W. , Wagner M. , Röther J. , Eckert B. , Berrouschot J. , Gerloff C. , Fiehler J. , Thomalla G. , Alegiani A. , Hattingen E. , Petzold G. , Thonke S. , Bangard C. , Kraemer C. , Dichgans M. , Psychogios M. , Liman J. , Petersen M. , Stögbauer F. , Kraft P , Pham M. , Braun M. , Kastrup A. , Gröschel K. , Uphaus T. , Limmroth V.
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose

To provide real-world data on outcome and procedural factors of late thrombectomy patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients from the multicenter German Stroke Registry. The primary endpoint was clinical outcome on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months. Trial-eligible patients and the subgroups were compared to the ineligible group. Secondary analyses included multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of good outcome (mRS ≤ 2).

Results

Of 1917 patients who underwent thrombectomy, 208 (11%) were treated within a time window ≥ 6–24 h and met the baseline trial criteria. Of these, 27 patients (13%) were eligible for DAWN and 39 (19%) for DEFUSE3 and 156 patients were not eligible for DAWN or DEFUSE3 (75%), mainly because there was no perfusion imaging (62%; n = 129). Good outcome was not significantly higher in trial-ineligible (27%) than in trial-eligible (20%) patients (p = 0.343). Patients with large trial-ineligible CT perfusion imaging (CTP) lesions had significantly more hemorrhagic complications (33%) as well as unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, the high number of patients with a good clinical outcome after endovascular therapy ≥ 6–24 h as in DAWN/DEFUSE3 could not be achieved. Similar outcomes are seen in patients selected for EVT ≥ 6 h based on factors other than CTP. Patients triaged without CTP showed trends for shorter arrival to reperfusion times and higher rates of independence.
An extended Hamilton principle as unifying theory for coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution
Authors: Junker Philipp , Balzani Daniel
Published: June 2021

An established strategy for material modeling is provided by energy-based principles such that evolution equations in terms of ordinary differential equations can be derived. However, there exist a variety of material models that also need to take into account non-local effects to capture microstructure evolution. In this case, the evolution of microstructure is described by a partial differential equation. In this contribution, we present how Hamilton’s principle provides a physically sound strategy for the derivation of transient field equations for all state variables. Therefore, we begin with a demonstration how Hamilton’s principle generalizes the principle of stationary action for rigid bodies. Furthermore, we show that the basic idea behind Hamilton’s principle is not restricted to isothermal mechanical processes. In contrast, we propose an extended Hamilton principle which is applicable to coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution. As example, we demonstrate how the field equations for all state variables for thermo-mechanically coupled problems, i.e., displacements, temperature, and internal variables, result from the stationarity of the extended Hamilton functional. The relation to other principles, as the principle of virtual work and Onsager’s principle, is given. Finally, exemplary material models demonstrate how to use the extended Hamilton principle for thermo-mechanically coupled elastic, gradient-enhanced, rate-dependent, and rate-independent materials.
Triamterene induces autophagic degradation of lysosome by exacerbating lysosomal integrity
Authors: Park Na Yeon , Jo Doo Sin , Kim Yong Hwan , Bae Ji-Eun , Kim Joon Bum , Park Hyun Jun , Choi Ji Yeon , Lee Ha Jung , Chang Jeong Ho , Bunch Heeyoun , Jeon Hong Bae , Jung Yong-Keun , Cho Dong-Hyung
Published: June 2021

The maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for lysosome function and cell fate. Damaged lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal autophagy, lysophagy. The mechanism underlying lysophagy remains largely unknown; this study aimed to contribute to the understanding of this topic. A cell-based screening system was used to identify novel lysophagy modulators. Triamterene (6-phenylpteridine-2,4,7-triamine) was identified as one of the most potent lysophagy inducers from the screening process. We found that triamterene causes lysosomal rupture without affecting other cellular organelles and increases autophagy flux in HepG2 cells. Damaged lysosomes in triamterene-treated cells were removed by autophagy-mediated pathway, which was inhibited by depletion of the autophagy regulator, ATG5 or SQSTM1. In addition, treatment of triamterene decreased the integrity of lysosome and cell viability, which were rescued by removing the triamterene treatment in HepG2 cells. Hence, our data suggest that triamterene is a novel lysophagy inducer through the disruption of lysosomal integrity.
Transparency or restricting gifts? Polish medical students’ opinions about regulating relationships with pharmaceutical sales representatives
Authors: Makowska Marta , Kaczmarek Emilia , Rodzinka Marcin
Published: June 2021

Relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) often create conflicts of interest, not least because of the various benefits received by physicians. Many countries attempt to control pharmaceutical industry marketing strategies through legal regulation, and this is true in Poland where efforts are underway to eliminate any practices that might be considered corrupt in medicine. The present research considered Polish medical students’ opinions about domestic laws restricting doctors’ acceptance of expensive gifts from the industry, the idea of compulsory transparency, and the possibility of introducing a Polish Sunshine Law. A qualitative, focus group-based, interview method was used. Data were gathered from nine focus groups involving 92 medical students from three universities located in major Polish cities. The article presents a classification of opposing student views with regard to the consequences of introducing different legal solutions; this should be useful for policy makers deliberating on how to optimally regulate pharmaceutical marketing. The study’s results are discussed in the context of the public bioethical debate in Poland.
Conjectures on Stably Newton Degenerate Singularities
Authors: Stevens Jan
Published: June 2021

We discuss a problem of Arnold, whether every function is stably equivalent to one which is non-degenerate for its Newton diagram. We argue that the answer is negative. We describe a method to make functions non-degenerate after stabilisation and give examples of singularities where this method does not work. We conjecture that they are in fact stably degenerate, that is not stably equivalent to non-degenerate functions.

We review the various non-degeneracy concepts in the literature. For finite characteristic, we conjecture that there are no wild vanishing cycles for non-degenerate singularities. This implies that the simplest example of singularities with finite Milnor number, $$x^p+x^q$$

x
p

+

x
q

in characteristic p, is not stably equivalent to a non-degenerate function. We argue that irreducible plane curves with an arbitrary number of Puiseux pairs (in characteristic zero) are stably non-degenerate. As the stabilisation involves many variables, it becomes very difficult to determine the Newton diagram in general, but the form of the equations indicates that the defining functions are non-degenerate.
A Hecke-equivariant decomposition of spaces of Drinfeld cusp forms via representation theory, and an investigation of its subfactors
Authors: Böckle Gebhard , Gräf Peter Mathias , Perkins Rudolph
Published: June 2021

There are various reasons why a naive analog of the Maeda conjecture has to fail for Drinfeld cusp forms. Focussing on double cusp forms and using the link found by Teitelbaum between Drinfeld cusp forms and certain harmonic cochains, we observed a while ago that all obvious counterexamples disappear for certain Hecke-invariant subquotients of spaces of Drinfeld cusp forms of fixed weight, which can be defined naturally via representation theory. The present work extends Teitelbaum’s isomorphism to an adelic setting and to arbitrary levels, it makes precise the impact of representation theory, it relates certain intertwining maps to hyperderivatives of Bosser-Pellarin, and it begins an investigation into dimension formulas for the subquotients mentioned above. We end with some numerical data for$$A={\mathbb {F}}_3[t]$$A=F3[t]that displays a new obstruction to an analog of a Maeda conjecture by discovering a conjecturally infinite supply of$${\mathbb {F}}_3(t)$$F3(t)-rational eigenforms with combinatorially given (conjectural) Hecke eigenvalues at the prime t.
Simultaneous self-optimisation of yield and purity through successive combination of inline FT-IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry in flow reactions
Authors: Fath Verena , Lau Philipp , Greve Christoph , Weller Philipp , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten
Published: June 2021

Self-optimisation constitutes a very helpful tool for chemical process development, both in lab and in industrial applications. However, research on the application of model-free autonomous optimisation strategies (based on experimental investigation) for complex reactions of high industrial significance, which involve considerable intermediate and by-product formation, is still in an early stage. This article describes the development of an enhanced autonomous microfluidic reactor platform for organolithium and epoxide reactions that incorporates a successive combination of inline FT-IR spectrometer and online mass spectrometer. Experimental data is collected in real-time and used as feedback for the optimisation algorithms (modified Simplex algorithm and Design of Experiments) without time delay. An efficient approach to handle intricate optimisation problems is presented, where the inline FT-IR measurements are used to monitor the reaction’s main components, whereas the mass spectrometer’s high sensitivity permits insights into the formation of by-products. To demonstrate the platform’s flexibility, optimal reaction conditions of two organic syntheses are identified. Both pose several challenges, as complex reaction mechanisms are involved, leading to a large number of variable parameters, and a considerable amount of by-products is generated under non-ideal process conditions. Through multidimensional real-time optimisation, the platform supersedes labor- and cost-intensive work-up procedures, while diminishing waste generation, too. Thus, it renders production processes more efficient and contributes to their overall sustainability.

Graphical abstract
A Novel Clinically Immersive Pre-doctoral Training Program for Engineering in Surgery and Intervention: Initial Realization and Preliminary Results
Authors: Miga Michael I. , Labadie Robert F.
Published: June 2021

A novel pre-doctoral program is presented that combines (1) immersive observation in the surgical/interventional theatre and (2) thought-provoking exposition activities focused on answering clinically provocative questions. While the long-term goal is to train engineers to conduct clinical translational research in human systems, in this paper, perceived trainee improvements are assessed in: (1) their ability to pose important questions in surgery and intervention, (2) their knowledge of surgical technologies, and (3) their understanding of procedural medicine. The program combines constructivist and constructionist learning approaches through a dual-course suite consisting of: (1) a scaffold lecture design with ten physicians presenting their procedural specialties interleaved with lectures relating engineering principles, and (2) a second course with clinically mentored immersion experiences in the operating room/interventional suite, clinical conferences, and patient rounds. Details of the complementing technical core and learning environment are also provided. Preliminary data reports on the quantitative experiential clinical involvement and on a self-reported survey over 5 cohorts of trainees (n = 18). With respect to immersion, the average surgeries/interventions observed, number of different types, and clinical contact time per student was on average 15.6 ± 7.9 surgeries/interventions, 8.2 ± 3.6 types, and 48.2 ± 14.7 contact hours, respectively. With respect to trainee understanding of procedural medicine, surgical technologies, and value of clinical observation, an average perceived improvement of 41%, 38%, and 41% over the course series was detected, respectively (p < 0.001). Equally impressive, when rating ability to pose important questions affecting human health, an average perceived improvement of 34% was detected (p < 0.001). The preliminary realization of a novel pre-doctoral clinically immersive training program for engineering trainees is described and demonstrates extensive levels of clinical contact and strong evidence that the provided immersion experiences result in significant improvements in understanding of procedural medicine.
The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes
Authors: Wellmann Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Throughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.
Foreign Investment and Right-to-Work Laws
Authors: Cavallo Paulo , Peinhardt Clint
Published: June 2021

In the competition between American states for economic development, about half of American states offer lower levels of labor rights in the form of “right-to-work” (RTW) laws. RTW states often tout their advantages in competing for foreign investment, but do foreign companies really want weaker labor regulation? Many foreign firms locate production in the United States not to lower labor costs but for other reasons, such as proximity to consumers or to employ highly skilled workers, implying that differences across labor regulations within rich countries may be declining in importance. In this article, we investigate the relationship between RTW laws and greenfield foreign direct investments. In particular, we explore recent RTW changes across two states, Indiana and Michigan, controlling for national trends in foreign investment. Adopting RTW increases foreign investment in manufacturing in both states, but Michigan's RTW law is associated with gains in service-sector projects even while Indiana's is not. While RTW may attract more manufacturing, it is not enough to generate broad-based gains across the economy.
COVID-19: Protecting Health-Care Workers in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Yujeong , Kim Yeaeun
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Health-care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and the safety of HCWs is important in situations where a prolonged COVID-19 is expected.

Methods:

HCWs were recently put in great danger around the globe; as of December 21, there were 306 confirmed cases in HCWs in South Korea, representing 0.60% of the total 50,591 confirmed cases nationally.

Results:

After experiencing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), South Korea has put a range of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures with long-term perspectives in place, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), HCW’s infection status tracing, visitor control, and a variety of supports from both national and local public health authorities.

Conclusions:

This article introduces the infection status of HCWs and IPC measures currently taken in South Korea, emphasizing the collaborative and long-term IPC efforts for ensuring the safety of HCWs.
An orthogonality relation for (with an appendix by Bingrong Huang)
Authors: Goldfeld Dorian , Stade Eric , Woodbury Michael
Published: June 2021

Orthogonality is a fundamental theme in representation theory and Fourier analysis. An orthogonality relation for characters of finite abelian groups (now recognized as an orthogonality relation on

$\mathrm {GL}(1)$

) was used by Dirichlet to prove infinitely many primes in arithmetic progressions. Orthogonality relations for

$\mathrm {GL}(2)$

and

$\mathrm {GL}(3)$

have been worked on by many researchers with a broad range of applications to number theory. We present here, for the first time, very explicit orthogonality relations for the real group

$\mathrm {GL}(4, \mathbb R)$

with a power savings error term. The proof requires novel techniques in the computation of the geometric side of the Kuznetsov trace formula.
Calibration of a frontal ablation parameterisation applied to Greenland's peripheral calving glaciers
Authors: Recinos Beatriz , Maussion Fabien , Noël Brice , Möller Marco , Marzeion Ben
Published: June 2021

We calibrate the calving parameterisation implemented in the Open Global Glacier Model via two methods (velocity constraint and surface mass balance (SMB) constraint) and assess the impact of accounting for frontal ablation on the ice volume estimate of Greenland tidewater peripheral glaciers (PGs). We estimate an average regional frontal ablation flux of 7.38±3.45 Gta−1 after calibrating the model with two different satellite velocity products, and of 0.69±0.49 Gta−1 if the model is constrained using frontal ablation fluxes derived from independent modelled SMB averaged over an equilibrium reference period (1961–90). This second method makes the assumption that most PGs during that time have an equilibrium between mass gain via SMB and mass loss via frontal ablation. This assumption serves as a basis to assess the order of magnitude of dynamic mass loss of glaciers when compared to the SMB imbalance. The differences between results from both methods indicate how strong the dynamic imbalance might have been for PGs during that reference period. Including frontal ablation increases the estimated regional ice volume of PGs, from 14.47 to 14.64±0.12 mm sea level equivalent when using the SMB method and to 15.84±0.32 mm sea level equivalent when using the velocity method.
Online tribunal judgments and the limits of open justice
Authors: Adams Zoe , Adams-Prassl Abi , Adams-Prassl Jeremias
Published: June 2021

The principle of open justice is a constituent element of the rule of law: it demands publicity of legal proceedings, including the publication of judgments. Since 2017, the UK government has systematically published first instance Employment Tribunal decisions in an online repository. Whilst a veritable treasure trove for researchers and policy makers, the database also has darker potential – from automating blacklisting to creating new and systemic barriers to access to justice. Our scrutiny of existing legal safeguards, from anonymity orders to equality law and data protection, finds a number of gaps, which threaten to make the principle of open justice as embodied in the current publication regime inimical to equal access to justice.
MAHLER’S AND KOKSMA’S CLASSIFICATIONS IN FIELDS OF POWER SERIES
Authors: BELL JASON , BUGEAUD YANN
Published: June 2021

Letqa prime power and${\mathbb F}_q$the finite field ofqelements. We study the analogues of Mahler’s and Koksma’s classifications of complex numbers for power series in${\mathbb F}_q((T^{-1}))$. Among other results, we establish that both classifications coincide, thereby answering a question of Ooto.
Evidence of paleoseismic activity recorded in glaciolacustrine sediments predating the Weichselian glacial maximum in East Lithuania
Authors: Satkūnas Jonas , Šliaupa Saulius
Published: June 2021

Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) were identified in proglacial lacustrine (glaciolacustrine) sediments dated to 25–24 ka in the Buivydžiai outcrop, situated 30 km north of Vilnius in east Lithuania. These sediments accumulated in front of the last Weichselian glaciation maximum. The SSDS originated due to sandy silt liquefaction that disrupted the decimeter-thick silty sand interlayer. A NW-SE trending Buivydžiai fault was mapped in the proximity (8 km) of the Buivydžiai outcrop. The fault is well traced by a dense drilling in the sediments of the preglacial Daumantai Formation in the basal part of the Quaternary cover and attributed to the earliest Pleistocene. Depth difference of the formation along the fault is ~5–8 m; the northern flank is relatively uplifted with respect to the southern flank. The Buivydžiai earthquake was most likely induced by formation of an elastic forebulge flexure of the Earth's crust in front of the ice sheet. The magnitude was evaluated ~M = 6.0–6.5 and was most likely of shallow hypocenter depth. Furthermore, the Bystritsa (Belarus) earthquake of magnitude M = 3.5–4.0 was registered in December 1908 to the east (12 km) of the Buivydžiai outcrop along the Buivydžiai fault, which points to recurrent seismic activity of this fault.
Can Exposure to Celebrities Reduce Prejudice? The Effect of Mohamed Salah on Islamophobic Behaviors and Attitudes
Authors: ALRABABA’H ALA’ , MARBLE WILLIAM , MOUSA SALMA , SIEGEL ALEXANDRA A.
Published: June 2021

Can exposure to celebrities from stigmatized groups reduce prejudice? To address this question, we study the case of Mohamed Salah, a visibly Muslim, elite soccer player. Using data on hate crime reports throughout England and 15 million tweets from British soccer fans, we find that after Salah joined Liverpool F.C., hate crimes in the Liverpool area dropped by 16% compared with a synthetic control, and Liverpool F.C. fans halved their rates of posting anti-Muslim tweets relative to fans of other top-flight clubs. An original survey experiment suggests that the salience of Salah’s Muslim identity enabled positive feelings toward Salah to generalize to Muslims more broadly. Our findings provide support for the parasocial contact hypothesis—indicating that positive exposure to out-group celebrities can spark real-world behavioral changes in prejudice.
ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF 3-REGULAR PARTITIONS IN THREE COLOURS
Authors: DA SILVA ROBSON , SELLERS JAMES A.
Published: June 2021

Gireesh and Mahadeva Naika [‘On 3-regular partitions in 3-colors’, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math.50 (2019), 137–148] proved an infinite family of congruences modulo powers of 3 for the function

$p_{\{3,3\}}(n)$
, the number of 3-regular partitions in three colours. In this paper, using elementary generating function manipulations and classical techniques, we significantly extend the list of proven arithmetic properties satisfied by

$p_{\{3,3\}}(n).$
Girl Wonder: Nathalia Crane, Poetic Prodigy of the 1920s
Authors: BELLEW PAUL BRADLEY
Published: June 2021

Largely forgotten today, from approximately the late 1910s through the 1930s, at least a dozen young girls brought out numerous books in the US. But there was one girl who was particularly talented and successful: Nathalia Crane, who published her first collection of poetry when she was just eleven years old in 1924. This article analyzes both her work and her reception from her first success through the subsequent controversy over her authorship instigated by a local Brooklyn newspaper. In the process, the article demonstrates the complicated connections between perceptions of girlhood and women's sexuality as they relate to political agency in the early twentieth-century United States.
Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories
Authors: Baird Louise , Evans Nicholas , Greenhill Simon J.
Published: June 2021

Language documentation faces a persistent and pervasive problem: How much material is enough to represent a language fully? How much text would we need to sample the full phoneme inventory of a language? In the phonetic/phonemic domain, what proportion of the phoneme inventory can we expect to sample in a text of a given length? Answering these questions in a quantifiable way is tricky, but asking them is necessary. The cumulative collection of Illustrative Texts published in the Illustration series in this journal over more than four decades (mostly renditions of the ‘North Wind and the Sun’) gives us an ideal dataset for pursuing these questions. Here we investigate a tractable subset of the above questions, namely: What proportion of a language’s phoneme inventory do these texts enable us to recover, in the minimal sense of having at least one allophone of each phoneme? We find that, even with this low bar, only three languages (Modern Greek, Shipibo and the Treger dialect of Breton) attest all phonemes in these texts. Unsurprisingly, these languages sit at the low end of phoneme inventory sizes (respectively 23, 24 and 36 phonemes). We then estimate the rate at which phonemes are sampled in the Illustrative Texts and extrapolate to see how much text it might take to display a language’s full inventory. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for linguistics in its quest to represent the world’s phonetic diversity, and forJIPAin its design requirements for Illustrations and in particular whether supplementary panphonic texts should be included.
Age, growth and mortality of the yellowmouth barracuda Sphyraena viridensis (Sphyraenidae) from eastern coasts of Algeria
Authors: Bourehail Nadjette , Kara M. Hichem
Published: June 2021

Age and growth of the yellowmouth barracuda Sphyraena viridensis (Cuvier, 1829) was examined in 698 individuals (184 < TL (mm) < 1210; 25 < TW (g) < 7125), sampled monthly from commercial catches in eastern coasts of Algeria between January 2007 and January 2008. Marginal increment analysis of 159 sectioned sagittal otoliths combined with information derived from length–frequency distribution showed that annulus formation occurs between June and August. Maximum observed age of males and females is 14 and 13 years respectively. Back calculations of total length-at-age were used to fit the data to the Bertalanffy growth model: TL = 1113(1 – e−0.165(t+2.251)) in males and TL = 958.3 (1 – e−0.247(t+1.422)) in females. The coefficient of allometry of the length weight relationship is 3.02 and 2.99 in males and females, respectively. Growth performance index Ø = 3.33. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 0.45 year−1, fishing mortality (F) was 0.06 year−1and the exploitation rate (E) was 0.11.
An Unusual Roman Fettered Burial from Great Casterton, Rutland
Authors: Chinnock Chris , Marshall Michael
Published: June 2021

In 2015, an unusual burial was uncovered during construction works at Great Casterton, Rutland. A male adult human skeleton, secured at the ankles with a pair of iron fetters and a padlock, was buried in a probable ditch. Iron hobnails were present around the feet of the individual. A radiocarbon date (AMS) from the burial produced a date of a.d. 226–427 with 95.4 per cent probability. This example appears to be the first definitive archaeologically excavated instance of an individual buried in this manner in Roman Britain. The character of the burial may imply that this was a slave, although other possibilities are also considered, as are the wider social and symbolic implications of the inclusion of shackles in a burial.
Changing conceptions of mathematics and infinity in Giordano Bruno’s vernacular and Latin works
Authors: Rossini Paolo
Published: June 2021

Argument

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of Giordano Bruno’s conception of mathematics. Specifically, it intends to highlight two aspects of this conception that have been neglected in previous studies. First, Bruno’s conception of mathematics changed over time and in parallel with another concept that was central to his thought: the concept of infinity. Specifically, Bruno undertook a reform of mathematics in order to accommodate the concept of the infinitely small or “minimum,” which was introduced at a later stage. Second, contrary to what Héléne Védrine claimed, Bruno believed that mathematical objects were mind-dependent. To chart the parallel development of the conceptions of mathematics and infinity, a seven-year time span is considered, from the publication of Bruno’s first Italian dialogue (La cena de le ceneri,1584) to the publication of one of his last Latin works (De minimo, 1591).
Government, Money, and the Law
Authors: Mayhew Nick
Published: June 2021

Christine Desan's Making Money: Coin, Currency, and the Coming of Capitalism provides an authoritative answer to a fundamental question about medieval English money that has puzzled a few scholars, but that has been largely ignored by most: were medieval payments normally weighed or counted? The same question can be expressed differently as: were payments made by weight or by tale at face value; or again, was the value of money determined by its intrinsic content or by royal decree? But why might this curious distinction between counting payments and weighing them matter?
Directly observed therapy to promote medication adherence in paediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Killian Michael O. , Clifford Stephanie A. , Gupta Dipankar
Published: June 2021

Medication non-adherence causes poor outcomes in paediatric organ transplantation. COVID-19 pandemic has led to an exponential use of mobile health approaches for patient care. Herein, we describe a pilot intervention study using mobile video directly observed therapy building on emerging trends in research and clinical practice pertaining to medication adherence in paediatric organ transplantation.
OPTIMAL TARIFFS IN A TWO-COUNTRY R&D-BASED GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Chen Ping-ho , Chu Hsun , Lai Ching-chong , Lai Ting-wei
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the effect of a tariff on long-run growth and welfare in a two-country innovation-led growth model. We show that although raising the home country’s tariff reduces the growth and GDP of the foreign country, it will backfire by depressing R&D and growth of the home country. The Nash equilibrium tariffs can be positive, and they are larger when the government expenditure is more beneficial to private production and/or when the productivity of innovation is higher. The presence of positive Nash equilibrium tariffs provides a theoretical explanation for why countries have incentives to implement a tariff policy regardless of its negative effect on growth. Finally, the Nash equilibrium tariffs are higher than the globally optimal tariffs, that is, the levels that maximize the joint welfare of both countries.
WITTEN DEFORMATION FOR NONCOMPACT MANIFOLDS WITH BOUNDED GEOMETRY
Authors: Dai Xianzhe , Yan Junrong
Published: June 2021

Motivated by the Landau–Ginzburg model, we study the Witten deformation on a noncompact manifold with bounded geometry, together with some tameness condition on the growth of the Morse function f near infinity. We prove that the cohomology of the Witten deformation

$d_{Tf}$
acting on the complex of smooth

$L^2$
forms is isomorphic to the cohomology of the Thom–Smale complex of f as well as the relative cohomology of a certain pair

$(M, U)$
for sufficiently large T. We establish an Agmon estimate for eigenforms of the Witten Laplacian which plays an essential role in identifying these cohomologies via Witten’s instanton complex, defined in terms of eigenspaces of the Witten Laplacian for small eigenvalues. As an application, we obtain the strong Morse inequalities in this setting.
Equal palliative care for foreign-born patients: A national quality register study
Authors: Carlsson Maria E. , Hjelm Katarina
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To use data from a national quality register to investigate if there are differences relating to migrant background in the quality of end-of-life care of patients dying in Sweden.

Methods

A retrospective, comparative register-based study. In total, 81,418 deceased patients, over 18 years of age, registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care during 2017 and 2018, of expected death were included in the study. Of these, 72,012 were Swedish-born and 9,395 were foreign-born. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used.

Results

No general pattern of differences in quality regarding end-of-life care was found between Swedish- and foreign-born patients. There were several significant differences in various quality indicators but not in a specific direction. Sometimes, the quality indicators showed an advantage for Swedish-born patients but just as often, they were also favorable for foreign-born patients. Swedish-born patients had greater access to specialized palliative care than foreign-born patients. Foreign-born patients were more often cared for in general home care setting, despite a higher frequency of cancer diagnosis.

Significance of results

Foreign-born patients were less likely to be cared for in specialized palliative care units and had poorer access to palliative care teams than Swedish-born patients, despite having a higher proportion of cancer diagnoses. However, no general pattern was found indicating that foreign-born patients were disadvantaged in the quality indicators measured in the present study. Perhaps, this is an indication that the palliative care in Sweden is individualized; nonetheless, the quality of end-of-life care would be higher if dying patients, regardless of country of birth, have better access to specialized palliative care.
THE CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF GUN VIOLENCE
Authors: Whaley Arthur L.
Published: June 2021

Gun violence and related risk factors differ for African American and European Americans. However, there may be overlap in the psychosocial and contextual factors with respect to cultural processes related to gun violence in Black and White communities. The purpose of this article is to compare the culture of honor perspective associated with rural and suburban gun violence of European American males in the southern region to the code of the street value system ascribed to the gun violence of African American males in northern urban cities. The cultural values underlying gun violence will be reviewed in terms of cultural origins, family and community support, and ecological evidence. The central question is whether there are sufficient commonalities between the cultural ecology of the two value systems such that one has practice and policy implications for the other. The current analysis of culture-of-honor and code-of-the-street value systems vis-à-vis gun violence reveals several points of overlap in philosophy and function. Implications for policies and practices to prevent gun violence stemming from culture-of-honor and code-of-the-street value systems include (1) psychological interventions to address the perceived threats to the self; (2) neighborhood interventions to promote a sense of collective efficacy among residents; (3) addressing racial and economic inequality; (4) better gun control laws; and (5) media campaigns and interventions designed to change social and cultural norms for violence. It is important to note the pervasiveness of these value systems may vary by ethnicity and race which must be taken into consideration in violence prevention efforts.
Data‐Driven Clustering Reveals More Than 900 Small Magnitude Slow Earthquakes and Their Characteristics
Authors: Aiken C. , Obara K.
Published: June 2021

Small magnitude slow earthquakes remain largely undetected in geodetic data due to noise levels. However, tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFE) may manifest slowly slipping fault motion as a cluster of events, i.e., a slow earthquake. Here, we identify >900 slow earthquakes in southwest Japan via data‐driven clustering of tremor and LFE catalogs. We establish a more complete database for slow earthquakes in southwest Japan and demonstrate their characteristics and long‐term behavior. While sometimes sub‐episodes of well‐known episodic tremor and slip, the small slow earthquake clusters share similar scaling properties–energy, duration, and rupture area–with larger magnitude fast and slow earthquakes. The small slow earthquake clusters tend to rupture faster when migrating in their preferred rupture direction, but inter‐event rupture speeds are on average similar to those of larger slow earthquakes. This suggests that rupture speed does not necessarily control slow earthquake spatial extent or eventual magnitude.