bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematological, Biochemical and Etiological factors of Chronic Liver Disease in a tertiary care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Mumtaz Sami Ullah , Akbar Amna , Waseem Humaira , Komal Tayyeba , Iqtadar Somia , Abaidullah Sajid
Published: March 2021

Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) progresses from hepatocyte inammation to brosis, regeneration, cirrhosis and in some cases to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In general, the main etiologies of Liver Cirrhosis (LC) are viral infections (hepatitis C and B viruses), chronic alcohol abuse and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), including Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis (NASH). Major complications of CLD are ascites, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, jaundice (acute or chronic) and hepatic encephalopathy. Abstract:Study Design: Cross-sectional.Conclusions: This study assesses the etiological factors and complications of CLD in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Objectives: Methods: Study was carried out in indoor and Accident & Emergency Departments of Mayo Hospital Lahore. 100 clinically diagnosed CLD cases were chosen through “Convenient Sampling” technique during 3 months. Observations: Most common complications of CLD were upper GI variceal Bleeding (48%) & hepatic encephalopathy (34%) and acute or chronic hepatitis (AVH) (33%). Other less common complications observed were hepatorenal syndrome (10%), Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (15%), Ascites (5%) and HCC (10%). Hepatitis C was found as main etiological factor of CLD. Bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy are the common complications. Awareness programmes regarding CLD and its complications are mandatory in our society to improve human health.
Dietary Options in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Shabbir Tayyaba , Aslam Maria , Liaqat Mishal , Khan Rija , Saleem Maham
Published: March 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the disease condition in which our gastrointestinal (GI) tract is affected and cause abdominal pain and discomfort that is associated with change in the stools form and frequency. In this condition one may suffer from diarrhea, constipation or both at the same time. This disorder is very common now days because of unhealthy eating habits mostly in females. Many factors are responsible for IBS like food, environment, genetic and psychological factors. IBS can be overcomed by improving our eating habits and lifestyle and also by following different diets like FODMAP and GLUTEN FREE diet. Probiotics and herbs are also very beneficial in curing IBS.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Chronic Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Public Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Ali Mahrukh , Naveed Maryam , Khan Mehmoona , Khan Muhammad Arif
Published: March 2021

Quality of life of chronic renal disease patients is affected by several factors, depending on stage of disease, type of treatment and sociodemographic factors Objective: To assess the quality of life undergoing hemodialysis patients Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during February to May-2019. Patients suffering from chronic renal disease were included in the study and uncooperative patients were excluded in the study. Total 100 samples of chronic renal disease patients were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis Results: According to results 39% patients reported that they were suffering from depression, 47% patients of chronic renal disease were unemployed, 28% patients were malnourished and 98% patients were having 3 or more dialysis sessions per week. Also only 26% patients thought that quality of life of older patients is better while 74% considered it poor. Only 77% patients thought that quality of life of middle aged patients is better while 23% patients considered that quality of life of middle aged patients was poor. 42% patients thought that quality of life of young aged patients is better while 58%considered it poor. Conclusions: Malnutrition, unemployment and hypertension are the factors affecting the quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis in this study. The quality of life of middle aged patients was comparatively better.
Cytotoxic Assessment of Quinoline Based Derivatives on Liver Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Fareed Maria , Qazi MH , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Awan Sana , Qazi Aamer
Published: March 2021

Current scenario of newer diseases with multiple causes has drawn the attention of the researchers in the field of therapeutics and they are now inclined to identify molecules effective for targeted therapy.
Objective: Quinoline (1-azanaphthalene); belongs to heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compound. Some quinoline-based derivatives are also known for their anti-tumor activity. The study was planned to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of quinoline derivatives. Methods: Berberine; a quinoline compound was made part of study to make structural analogs which were docked against potential target proteins. Cytotoxic profiling of all derivatives was done using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Results: The pharmacoinformatic and structure activity relationship studies of analogs were done. The cytotoxic profiles were elucidated by comparing viability rates of analogs treated hepatic cancerous cell line with untreated hepatic cells and untreated mesenchymal stem cells as standards. Marked cytotoxicity was seen in all molecules at low doses than reported in past studies with relevance to parent compound. Conclusions: The results will be further confirmed through various other cell culture assays targeting different marker proteins, pharmacoinformatics tools and structure activity relationship studies.
Antibacterial effect of Tradescantia pallida purpurea against fish (Labeo rohita) pathogens
Authors: Bokhari Syeda Shazia , Yasmeen Roheela , Manzoor Rimsha , Rafi Uzma , Qureshi Aisha Waheed
Published: March 2021

Diseases are recognized as one of the major restrictions to sustainable animal production which can cause significant economic loss in aquaculture. Even though there are various chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics and disinfectants in practice from centuries. Antibiotics have the potential to cause unwanted side effects as well as microbes get resistant against them. Now there is also a lot of research going to see the potential of natural products against pathogens. Tradescantia pallida purpurea plant has various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannis and phenolic compounds. Objective: The present study was conducted to test efficacy of Tradescantia pallida purpurea in chloroform extract against fish pathogens and also a comparison in methods (well diffusion and disc diffusion) was made Methods: Four fish pathogens (NP1, NP4, SCC4 and TS1) were isolated after morphological and biochemical tests. Erythromycin was used as control. 10 µg/ml chloroform leaf extract was used by well diffusion and disc diffusion Results: It was noticed that well-diffusion assay was better to inhibit growth of fish isolates as compared to disc diffusion method. It was noticed that Tradescantia pallida has potential to inhibit growth of pathogens. Conclusions: So, there is a need to plan a comprehensive study to recommend the maximum dose that is helpful to control fish pathogen.
A Welcome Message from The Editor
Authors: Khalid Ms. Sidra
Published: March 2021

It is with profound pleasure that I write this editorial to welcome you to the new journal, “PakistanBiomedical Journal” (PBMJ), an interdisciplinary international journal. PBMJ has successfully completedits first volume and now its the second volume. We greatly appreciate the response of scientists who havecontributed previously and are still contributing to this new journal. The subject of the journal isinteresting and we try to address the health related concerns of public and improve the understanding ofscientific phenomenons by researchers.Research discoveries are happening at a fast pace, in all the fields and PBMJ provides an idealforum for exchange of scientific knowledge in terms of full length papers, surveys, reviews, case studies,letters to editor and systematic analysis. PBMJ is committed to publishing all manuscripts receiving a highrecommendation from reviewers.The intention of PBMJ is to create space for generation of new knowledge, debate, collaborationsamong national and international scientists. Our vision is to promote research that will be helpful forknowledge sharing, new discoveries, development of critical thinking among the upcoming scholars,guidance for policy makers, awareness among the concerned community and ultimately benefitting thegeneral population in improving health and fitness at large.It is a matter of pride for us to have excellent editorial board members from renowned institutes.We aim to have the best standards of quality of the published manuscripts. With every issue, we arecontinuously trying to improve the standards. We look forward for more exciting researches and scientificstudies from all over the world.I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the readers of PBMJ and hope you will join us asauthors, reviewers and editors in future.

Ms. Sidra KhalidEditorPakistan BioMedical Journal
Dengue Fever: A Continuous Threat
Authors: Hayee Sara , Rehman Amna
Published: March 2021

Dengue fever is a vector borne disease and is caused by DEN Virus. This virus has four differentserotypes. The vectors are two mosquitoes known as Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) and Aedesalbopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito). First case of dengue fever was reported back in 1994 in Karachi. Acomplete outbreak of this epidemic shook the whole nation in 2012.Uptill now, Lahore a city full of culture,witnessed about 16,580 confirmed cases and 257 deaths. About 5000 confirmed cases with 60 deathswere reported from the rest of the provinces. Under guidelines of WHO, Government has made efforts tocombat this epidemic. Although the overall efforts have minimized the outbreak on controllable levels butdengue fever is a continuous threat. Since no permanent cure is available, the transmission of DEN virusis controlled indirectly. So the prime focus is to control mosquito population and decrease the possiblehot spots i.e. mosquito breeding sites in human habitations. Every year, the country witnesses monsoonseason which brings vast areas full of clear standing waters providing breeding sites for mosquitoeswhich ultimately leads to increased number of patients suffering from dengue fever. Efforts have beenmade to fight against dengue including formation of dengue wards in hospitals, vector surveillance,community education, reactive vector control etc. A study has shown prevalence of four mosquito generain Pakistan including Aedes, Culex, Armigeres and Anopheles. All of the above mentioned genera areassociated with disease transmissions as they are the vectors of different viruses and parasites. It is theneed of hour to do a collaborative effort stressing the community mobilization and management in waragainst dengue.Sara Hayee1 and Amna Rehman21Government Post Graduate College for Women, Samanabad, Lahore, Pakistan2M.A.O College, Lahore, Pakistan
Thermostable Vaccines: Past, Present and Future Perspectives
Authors: Farooqui Misbah , Sultan Amir , Khan Hassan Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Vaccines stability has a major role in the success of immunization programs and saves millions of livesevery year. To stabilize vaccines cold chains are developed for storage and transport, as efficiency ofvaccines is hampered if they are not kept under proper temperature. Aluminum is used for making vaccinethermostable. The development of vaccine formulation is a critical part of overall development cycle ofapproving, testing and producing new vaccines. However, Liquid vaccine formulation is still preferred overdry formulation because of ease in using, packaging and manufacturing. Other approaches have beenused to make vaccine thermostable. This study demonstrates those processes, used to develop thermosensitivevaccines into thermostable vaccine and also describes vaccine formulation designing and useof heat shock protein including mHSP70 and mHSP65 to generate innate and adaptive immune response.
Frequency and Psychosocial Determinants of Gender Discrimination Regarding Food Distribution among Families
Authors: Mumtaz Sami Ullah , Iqtadar Somia , Akther Muhammad Kalim , Niaz Zafar , Komal Tayyeba , AbaidUllah Sajid
Published: March 2021

Due to male dominance in society as well as in households, the rights of females are ignored. Hence, thereexists gender discrimination while giving food to family members which in turn results in poor healthstatus for females. Therefore, it is important to explore the causes of this unequal distribution of foodamong family members Objective: To determine psychosocial factors causing gender discriminationregarding food distribution among families Methods: Data collected from fifty females aged 15-80 years,selected from the urban community using non-probability consecutive sampling, were used for analysis.Females with malnutrition, psychological disorders, with laparotomy and major surgery were excluded.Gender discrimination was assessed as males or male children were preferred for better and more fooditems like fresh food, meat, fruits, milk, dairy products and multivariate logistic regression analysis wasdone to see the impact selected factors on gender discrimination Results: The large family size (> 6members) showed significantly higher odds of discrimination (OR=3.89; 95% CI= 1.03-15.26) than smallerfamilies. The odds of food discrimination were 4 times more for the families, with males being earninghand (OR=4.57; 95% CI= 1.19-18.31). Similarly, there exist higher odds of gender discrimination in lowincomefamilies (OR=5.10; 95% CI= 1.18-23.87). While maternal education reduces the chances of fooddiscrimination (OR=0.10; 95% CI= 0.02-0.42) Conclusions: Psychosocial factors such as large familysize, low monthly income, males being earning hand and maternal education were found to be associatedwith gender discrimination regarding food distribution among family members.
Correlation between Onset of Renal Disease with Diabetes
Authors: Arshad Misbah , Ashfaq Mamoona , Mazhar Zargham , Sharmeen Zainab
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is associated with number of vascular and nonvascular complications, and thevascular complications which include Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD),stroke, retinopathy, neuropathy, and Diabetic Kidney Diseases (DKD are responsible for most of themorbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine thecorrelation of onset of any renal disease with diabetes in Pakistani population. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted at Medicine and Nephrology Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital,Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore.A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenient samplingtechnique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60% were maleand 40% were female. Most of the patients belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Frequency of onsetof diabetes with age showed that patients between age of 41-50 years (33%) were more susceptible todiabetes and its complications whereas onset of diabetes was relatively higher in males as compared tofemales. Frequency distribution of CVD among diabetic patients was 19%. Conclusions: Results ofcurrent findings showed that diabetes mellitus also leads toward further microvascular complications andco-exist with different diseases.
Patterns of Deranged Lipid Profiles in Patients of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Masud Mohsin , Bangash Lala Rukh , Mumtaz Sami Ullah , Iqtadar Somia , Komal Tayyeba , Abaidullah Sajid
Published: March 2021

Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and any acute or chronic malfunction of theliver due to viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis may induce lipid derangements Objective: To determine thepatterns of deranged lipid profiles in patients of chronic hepatitis C Methods: It is a prospective,observational study, conducted at Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e.1stJanuary to 30th June 2018. After the ethical approval, 160 diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis C of ages18-70 years of either gender were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Informed writtenconsent was taken. Demographic information such as name, age and gender were recorded. Venous bloodsamples from patients after 10 to 14 hours of fasting were drawn for lipid profiles and sent to pathologylaboratory. All results were expressed as mg/dl. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 Results: Out of160 patients in this study, there were 94 males and 66 females. Total cholesterol was lower in 62.5%patients, normal in 33.75% patients and higher in 3.75% patients. Triglycerides levels were low in 66.25%,normal in 33.125%, and high in 0.625% patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low in 82.5%patients, normal in 10% and raised in 7.5% patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were low in 95%,normal in 4.375% & high in 0.625% patients Conclusions: Low levels of serum lipids including totalcholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL are seen in population suffering from chronic HCV infection.
Obesity and Healthy Eating Habits
Authors: Khalid Ms. Sidra
Published: March 2021

Obesity is a growing problem, most prevalent in the developed countries, especially US. Childrenand adolescents are gaining weight at a fast pace as compared to their parents. Although, it is verycomplicated to exactly know the cause of obesity, its risk factors, its prevention in different populations,yet, it has been observed that changes in life style and particularly in eating habits has contributed to anincreased obesity incidence globally. These habits include eating junk food, synthetic and bakeryproducts, increased hoteling, increased consumption of meat and unsaturated fats. If we compare theurban and rural regions at a global scale, we may come to know that Obesity and gastrointestinal problemsare more prevalent in urban areas. It also indicates that these disorders are mostly attributed to bad eatinghabits and wrong choices of food which lack nutritional value but cause various disorders.Atleast 2 decades ago, when there was less digitalization and technological advancements, ifpeople consumed high cholesterol diet or meat, they could digest it as they were physically very active.But in these days, there is less physical activity and our digestive systems cannot digest such food.Moreover, junk food may contribute to obesity. No doubt genetics may also has some role which cannotbe denied but the modifiable risk factors can be controlled, monitored and may prevent such disorders.However, global investigations in this regard are direly needed to know the dietary habits and patternsworldwide, their effects in different populations, so that policies may be devised and implemented.Parents are also not aware of a proper healthy pattern that meets the requirements of theirchildren. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Surveys and then awareness campaigns may play apositive role in this regard. Teaching healthy dietary patterns for different age groups at school level mayalso serve the purpose.Ms. Sidra KhalidEditorPakistan Biomedical Journal
Are we geared for the upcoming challenges by nCoV-19 or is it still grim news….?
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Zuhair , Ahmed Naseer
Published: March 2021

The novel Corona Virus (nCoV-2019), clouded the entire world during the year 2020; with itsemergence in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. The nCoV-19 is a novel variant of the Coronavirus family,with its predecessors been implicated for the pandemics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERSCoV)and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV); that caused flu-like condition and respiratorydistress symptoms. The viral strain also intrudes on extra-pulmonary relevance; being involved withderanging immunity as evidenced by lymphopenia and a prolonged prothrombin time; it impactscardiomyocytes and pancreatic tissue directly. These implications of nCoV-19 does suggest a long-termrelevance of the disease profile.The emergence of nCoV-2019 was quick to gain a pandemic status worldwide. An immense shift inthe influx of the type of patients was observed, that imparted a false impression of a reduction incardiovascular and metabolic patient presentation; formerly that had been the majority engaging theworlds’ healthcare facility. But as the world prepares itself for a possible second wave of the n-CoV-19, aprudent approach would be to remind us of the history lessons from the previous corona-led pandemic,such as MERS and SARS. This editorial will emphasize on channeling our focus to nCoV-19 implications oncardiovascular and metabolic disorders.The pandemics of SARS-CoV during 2002-2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012 highlight the long termrelevance of coronavirus to cardiac and metabolic disease pathologies, both during and in the aftermathof these pandemics. The SARS-CoV had demonstrated an increase of cardiovascular problems by 44%,hyperlipidemia by 68% and diabetes mellitus by 60%, in people who had recovered from the viral attack.Likewise, MERS-CoV had also embarked an increase of cardiac disorders by 30% and hypertension by 50%and diabetes mellitus by 50%.Published research on nCoV-19 has hinted for a similar rising trend of cardiovascular and metaboliccomplexities. An increase in cardiac troponin level is observed with increased cases of myocarditis andheart failure. A 20% increase in the incidence of diabetes and a 40 % rise in cardiovascular andcerebrovascular diseases is observed with nCoV-19. Little do we comprehend that the involvement ofangiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors could play havoc on endothelium, kidney, intestine,liver and any other organ.The nCoV-19 has thrown a curveball to the realm of the worldwide health and financial setting. Evenwith the current economic predicament it does seems prudent to be prepared in advance for the long termconsequences of this pandemic. The bigger question would be to, not just direct our efforts at counteringthe possible second wave of nCoV-19 but also for the possible chaos of cardiovascular and metabolicdisease outfall, impacting the world health system.Muhammad Zuhair Yusuf1 and Naseer Ahmed1Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Az izajási és a liturgikus Sanctus-szöveg közötti különbségek
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

In jeder Eucharistiefeier erklingt das wohlbekannte Sanctus. Man nennt diesen Gesang auch Hymnus seraphicus, und denkt dabei an die Berufungsvision des Propheten Jesaja (Jes 6,3). Die vorliegende Studie hat sich vorgenommen den liturgischen Sanctus-Gesang mit dem Gesang der Seraphe, den Jesaja in seiner grandiosen Vision vernommen hat, zu vergleichen. Im liturgischen Text des Sanctus sind gegenüber der biblischen Grundlage von Jes 6 einige neue Akzente zu beobachten. Diese wollen wir im Folgenden analysieren.
Preskolasztika és „posztmodern”, avagy lehet-e valaminek a „pre”-je a mostani „poszt”?
Authors: András István
Published: March 2021

L’articolo seguente parte dall’aff ermazione che l’epoca odierna chiamata postmoderna in realtà non è un’epoca post, ma un’epoca pre, cioè precede qualcosa che sta arrivando. Noi che viviamo il presente non conosciamo il futuro perciò le nostre defi nizioni vengono attraverso il passato. L’articolo presente cerca di fare un salto e defi nire la nostra epoca da un altro punto di vista. Per sostenere la nostra aff ermazione usiamo come sostegno l’epoca prescolastica con quale paragonando la nostra epoca riesce il risultato aspettato. Come non conosciamo il futuro ancora non sappiamo cosa sta preparando ma si intuisce un fi lo rosso che si manifesta tramite la virtualità.
Betekintés a ditrói hitvallásos iskola életébe a huszadik század elejétől 1920-ig
Authors: András István
Published: March 2021

L’articolo seguente e il risultato di una ricerca in corso, nell’Archivio Arcivescovile, tramite la quale cerchiamo di presentare la vita, le diffi colta della Scuola Cattolica di Ditró nei primi anni del secolo ventesimo fino a 1920. In questo periodo possiamo vedere gli sviluppi nell’educazione, che sono arrivati anche a Ditró, ma anche i problemi, le soff erenze della guerra mondiale. L’originalita di questa ricerca e che fi n adesso non conoscevamo questi documenti. Tramite i documenti trovati possiamo ricostruire il passato della Scuola Cattolica di Ditró, dove il parroco, i viceparroci, gli insegnanti hanno cercato di sviluppare la cultura e di dare un futuro ai bambini e al popolo.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE DISTRIBUTION ROUTING OPTIMIZATION WITH TIME WINDOW BASED ON IMPROVED GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: WU S. , CHEN C.
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the shortcomings of the traditional genetic algorithm in solving the problem of logistics distribution path, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) under the condition of vehicle load and time window. In the crossover process, the best genes can be preserved to reduce the inferior individuals resulting from the crossover, thus improving the convergence speed of the algorithm. A mutation operation is designed to ensure the population diversity of the algorithm, reduce the generation of infeasible solutions, and improve the global search ability of the algorithm. The algorithm is implemented on Matlab 2016a. The example shows that the improved genetic algorithm reduces the transportation cost by about 10% compared with the traditional genetic algorithm and can jump out of the local convergence and obtain the optimal solution, thus providing a more reasonable vehicle route.
Weak Self-Efficacy Versus Strong Self-Inefficacy: A Comment on the Conceptual Difference
Authors: Ponton Michael K.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to discuss the conceptual difference between weak self-efficacy (i.e., a weak perception of ability) and strong self-inefficacy (i.e., a strong perception of inability). The difference between the two rests with the former being due to little efficacy-enhancing information and the latter being due to a great deal of efficacy-diminishing information. The importance of this distinction is (a) the former is more changeable, and (b) many current instruments do not address this distinction. Because of the importance of self-efficacy in cognitive motivation, being able to conceptualize and measure this distinction is inherently necessary to create proper interventions (i.e., efficacy enhancing methods) that facilitate achievement and accurate theorizing.
Cutting to the Punch: Graphic Stunt Comedy and the Emergence of Crisis Slapstick
Authors: Moss Joshua Louis
Published: March 2021

Slapstick is a mode of comedic performance whose definition has not changed much since the nineteenth century. Slaps, hits, kicks, punches, pratfalls, and other types of stage and screen violence appear to be violent and harmful. But these acts are eventually revealed and resolved to be simulative and harmless. The slapstick performer emerges, unscathed, as a required prerequisite for comedic catharsis to take place. However, the past three decades have seen a graphic, transgressive form of comedic violence emerge that challenges this understanding. Assaultive acts of self-harm performed by shock-comic performers such as Ralph “Cap'n Video” Zavadil, Tom Green, and Johnny Knoxville's Jackass crew deploy violence to transgress established screen boundaries and disrupt the norms of performance style. This subversive form of humor, which this article refers to as “crisis slapstick,” produces graphic violence as comedic shocks that break from traditional slapstick. Physical injuries, presented as comedic absurdity, critique rather than uphold the embedded presumptions of safe screen space and industrial professionalism established over decades of classic slapstick performance.
Viral Jokes and Fugitive Humor in the Nineteenth-Century Culture of Reprinting
Authors: Thompson Todd
Published: March 2021

Too few humor scholars have taken advantage of new resources and research methodologies for studying humor as it circulated in newspapers and magazines in the nineteenth-century US. This article argues that tracing reprints of comic material in periodicals unearths popular nineteenth-century US humor. Such recovery is important because the jokes that readers and editors read and recycled reveal both their fascinations and fears. Additionally, subsequent reprints reshape meaning to fit a different moment for a different audience. To exemplify this approach, this article performs readings of one viral joke that was reprinted over a hundred times in American periodicals between 1856 and 1877. It identifies publication clusters and trends, notes how the joke morphed over time, and considers its shifting meanings as it appeared in different publication outlets and contexts at different times alongside different news items.
The Year's Work in American Humor Studies, 2019
Authors: Gilbert Joanne
Published: March 2021

The “Year's Work in American Humor Studies,” an annual feature of Studies in American Humor since 1999, reviews humor scholarship and related materials, including humor theory, published during the specified year from many disciplinary perspectives. The review gives special emphasis to studies of humor in American culture, broadly conceived.
Trabajo social en el contexto neoliberal global: solidaridad y resistencia desde una perspectiva radical
Authors: Ioakimidis Vasilios
Published: March 2021

El capitalismo neoliberal ha impactado de manera brutal en términos del incremento de la desigualdad en todo el mundo. Esto tiene una estrecha relación con los problemas de salud mental que enfrenta de manera creciente la población en general, incluyendo a las/os trabajadores sociales. En este artículo planteo que no puede haber un trabajo social crítico, basado genuinamente en la búsqueda de la justicia social, que no ponga énfasis en las relaciones humanas; y que tampoco puede haber un trabajo social basado en las relaciones humanas que no aspire a la promoción de la justicia social en un plano estructural. Para argumentar en torno a esta posición, se abordan discusiones sobre el neoliberalismo y su impacto en las relaciones humanas como un marco amplio para pensar a trabajo social hoy. Se problematiza el pasado profesional y se analizan las condiciones actuales en que se produce la intervención de las/os trabajadores sociales, para pensar desde allí la posibilidad de la resistencia. En base al análisis de los actos de resistencia del trabajo social en algunos países europeos, se propone un proyecto radical de trabajo social, que pone al centro la solidaridad y el cuidado como impulso transformador en nuestras sociedades.perspectivas nos permiten considerar al lenguaje como principio ordenador y evidenciar la emergencia y actualidad del enfoque interpretativo. Planteamos esta lectura justamente porque consideramos que al trabajo social le ha costado, y le cuesta, incluirse en esta perspectiva, pese a las arraigadas tradiciones tanto técnico-instrumentales como teórico-epistémicas que abogan o promulgan la importancia de la interpretación. El final del texto abre a nuevas interrogantes, antes que a respuestas formalmente elaboradas. El punto de apertura y cierre, en espiral, es la reflexividad y la crítica.
¿Dónde está lo “social” en trabajo social? Un análisis del uso de la teoría en la intervenciónde trabajadoras/es sociales
Authors: Teater Barbra , Hannan Katrina
Published: March 2021

La teoría sirve como fuente de conocimientos que orienta las intervenciones del trabajo social. Si lo que se busca es aportar a la transformación y a la justicia social en el momento social y político actual, las/os trabajadores sociales deben ser conscientes y analíticos al momento de fundamentar teóricamente sus intervenciones. Este estudio exploratorio y cualitativo buscó examinar la manera en que las teorías son asimiladas por parte de trabajadoras/es sociales en los Estados Unidos, los propósitos que justifican la elección de teorías y la orientación hacia la transformación y la justicia social que tenían sus intervenciones profesionales. Se realizaron veinte entrevistas semi-estructuradas con trabajadoras/es sociales, las que fueron analizadas mediante un análisis de contenido sumativo. Los hallazgos revelan que las/os trabajadores sociales utilizan teorías que tienen el propósito de resolver problemas a nivel individual principalmente. Solo un trabajador social dio cuenta de teorías orientadas al empoderamiento y dos trabajadoras sociales relataron el uso de la teoría con propósitos de transformación social más estructural. Estos resultados sugieren una discordancia respecto de la definición global de trabajo social, que promueve el cambio social y la justicia social como objetivos clave de la profesión y disciplina. Las intervenciones de las/os trabajadoras/es sociales participantes en este estudio reflejan el individualismo que está a la base del capitalismo neoliberal. Finalmente, se discuten algunas consideraciones para una redefinición de la intervención de trabajo social comprometido con el cambio social y la justicia social.
¿Qué nos dicen las revistas y redes de investigación en trabajo social? Expresiones y concepciones en torno a la construcción de conocimiento disciplinar
Authors: Muñoz-Arce Gianinna , Rubilar-Donoso Gabriela , Matus-Sepúlveda Teresa , Parada-Ballesteros Paula
Published: March 2021

En este artículo abordamos la cuestión de la construcción de conocimiento en trabajo social analizando las revistas académicas y las redes de investigación en tanto dimensiones clave en la diseminación de la producción intelectual de la disciplina. Se identifican singularidades y se problematizan críticamente los enfoques conceptuales, así como los estándares metodológicos y éticos. Se analiza la configuración de los equipos, las líneas temáticas, la locación geográfica y el alcance político de los debates impulsados en las revistas indexadas en los catálogos más exigentes y en las redes de investigación en Europa, Estados Unidos, Brasil y Chile. Se plantea que la forma en que se produce conocimiento en trabajo social es “insular” o geopolíticamente concentrada, con asimetrías observables en términos de fundamentación conceptual y metodológica, diversa en configuración de los equipos y con alcances de incidencia pública también diferenciados. Se observa que las revistas tienden a reproducir lógicas endogenistas; mientras que las redes de investigación que funcionan con lógicas descentradas o heterárquicas están orientadas a abrir espacios de relaciones y a ejercer influencia en el debate público, así como a manifiestas preocupaciones en torno a la formación de futuros investigadoras/es desde la disciplina. Estos hallazgos permiten problematizar las lógicas de las políticas de fomento de la investigación y difusión del conocimiento -fondos públicos, incentivos, políticas de acceso- y proyectar los desafíos de trabajo social en términos de su posicionamiento y contribuciones al debate en esta materia.
Optimization of Running Blade Prosthetics Utilizing Crow Search Algorithm Assisted by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Manuel Javier Rosel Solís , Dávalos Ramírez José Omar , Molina Salazar Javier , Ruiz Ochoa Juan Antonio , Gómez Roa Antonio
Published: March 2021

A crow search algorithm (CSA) was applied to perform the optimization of a running blade prosthetics (RBP) made of composite materials like carbon fibre layers and cores of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Optimization aims to increase the RBP displacement limited by the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Both displacement and the Tsai-Wu criterion are predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN) trained with a database constructed from finite element method (FEM) simulations. Three different cases are optimized varying the carbon fibre layers orientations: –45°/45°, 0°/90°, and a case with the two-fibre layer orientations intercalated. Five geometric parameters and a number of carbon fibre layers are selected as design parameters. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the Garzon equation. The best balance between displacement and failure criterion was found with fibre layers oriented at 0°/90°. The optimal candidate with –45°/45° orientation presents higher displacement; however, the Tsai-Wu criterion was less than 0.5 and not suitable for RBP design. The case with intercalated fibres presented a minimal displacement being the stiffer RBP design. The damage concentrates mostly in the zone that contacts the ground. The sensitivity study found that the number of layers and width were the most important design parameters.
Residual Stress and Deformation Analysis in Machining Split Straight Bevel Gears
Authors: Wang Bin , Yan Chenxiao , Li Jubo , Feng Peiyao , Wang Shuaipu , Chen Shuo , Su Jianxin
Published: March 2021

In the machining of split straight bevel gears, the stiffness changes and internal stress are redistributed, which leads to serious deformation of the gear blank after machining. To rectify this problem, q finite element model is established by transforming the processing information of the gear blank into the finite element simulation calculation information, and the gear machining simulation of split straight bevel gear is carried out. Considering the material, design, and machining process of the gear blank, the characteristics and laws of internal stress variation during the gear machining are studied, and the internal mechanism and deformation law of split straight bevel gear are explored. Finally, the gear machining experiment, and the gear blank measurement are carried out. The results show that the deformation law of simulation is consistent with that of the experiment and the deformation characteristics of the split straight bevel gear are consistent with the change law of initial residual stress.
N-Methylformamide. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)
Authors: Bruchajzer Elżbieta , Szymańska Jadwiga , Frydrych Barbara
Published: March 2021

N-Methylformamide is a colorless liquid with an ammoniacal odor, used as a solvent and an intermediate for chemical reactions. There are no data on occupational exposure in Poland. N-Methylformamide is very well absorbed into the human body. The LD50 values for N-methylformamide administered to animals in various routes are similar (2600 ÷ 4000 mg/kg bw). After single or short-term administration of the compound in doses of 100 ÷ 1200 mg/kg bw. worsening symptoms of liver damage have been observed. No-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was established at 120 mg/m3 (two-week inhalation exposure in rats). Increase of hepatotoxic effect of N-methylformamide were observed at concentrations of 320 mg/m3 and 980 mg/m3. There are no data on sub-chronic, chronic and carcinogenic effects of the compound in laboratory animals. N-Methylformamide was not mutagenic and genotoxic. It caused embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. The NOAEC value (120 mg/m3) was used as the basis for determining the MAC (maximum acceptable concentration) value for N-methylformamide, and the MAC value for N-methylformamide was calculated at 3.3 mg/m3. There are no basis to determine the short-term value (STEL) and biological limit value (BLV). It has been proposed to label the compound as "Ft" (toxic for reproduction) and "skin" (skin absorption of the substance may be as important as inhalation exposure). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering
Dinitrotoluene. Determination in workplace air
Authors: Jeżewska Anna , Kondej Dorota
Published: March 2021

Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. It may consist of 6 isomers, but only two (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT) are of industrial importance. DNT can cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination mixture of DNT isomers in workplace air, which will allow to determine its concentration at the level of 0.033 mg/m3. The method consists in stopping the mixture of dinitrotoluene isomers contained in the air on the glass fiber and the silica gel, extraction with methanol and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The tests were carried out using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC) 1200 series from Agilent Technologies with a diode array detector (DAD). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of the European Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination mixture of DNT isomers in the working environment air in the concentration range: 0.033 ÷ 0.66 mg/m3. The described method enables determination mixture of DNT isomers in the workplace air in the presence of: toluene-2,4-diamine, toluene-2,6-diamine, toluene-2,4-diyl diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diyl diisocyanate and toluene. The method for determining dinitrotoluene has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
Assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on the activity of biomimetic membrane
Authors: Kondej Dorota
Published: March 2021

This paper presents basic information on a structure and function of biological membranes. Types of biomimetic membranes modelling properties of biological membranes were introduced. The method of testing surface properties of a lipid monolayer, which is the basic type of biomimetic membranes, was described. The presented method makes it possible to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on the surface activity of biomimetic membranes based on the determination of the surface index MA. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
Comparative analysis of the unit costs of the Polish International freight transport companies operating on the EU markets, in the years 2009-2019
Authors: Zysińska Małgorzata , Kamińska Ewa , Menes Maciej
Published: March 2021

The article represents the next part of the periodical publications of the Department of Economic Research in the field of cost analysis of the Polish international freight transport companies. It summarises and makes comparative assessments of the average unit costs of these companies for 2019 in relation to the results of the previous period. The survey involved both, the carriers operating on the eastern markets and in the European Union countries. The article presents statistical characteristics of the companies surveyed, taking into account their size, determined, based on the number of the fleet’s heavy goods vehicles being operated. It also shows how the average costs of a single vehicle-kilometre (veh-km) of mileage, for a truck above 12.0 Mg GVW are shaped, according to the size of the companies and taking into account the direction of transport (EU countries). The generic structure of the costs of the companies examined has been analysed. The evolution of unit costs for both 2019 and the whole period 2009-2018 were presented in tabular and graphic form.
Automotive Services Centre for the Disabled Persons. Review of research and development works in 2015-2020
Authors: Stasiak-Cieślak Beata , Malawko Piotr , Szczepański Tomasz
Published: March 2021

In 2020, there was the 5th anniversary of establishing, by the Director of the Motor Transport Institute, the Automotive Service Centre for the Disabled Persons together with the National Information Point, the only information, training and research centre in Poland, supporting the community of people with physical disabilities in the area of mobility. This study is an overview of the research and social work to date, scientific publications and pro-social tasks that contributed to the development of motorism in this social group. Such activities are part of the mission of the Institute, which coordinates and promotes scientific research and development works in the field of road transport, while developing innovative technical, organizational and economic solutions. ASC is an example of an innovative comprehensive organizational solution, based on the needs of people with disabilities.
Bioelectricity from Organic Solid Waste
Authors: Azizul Moqsud M.
Published: March 2021

Resource recovery and recycling of organic waste is a great challenge in the world. The unmanaged organic waste causes a great damage to the environment and the public health both in the developing countries and industrial parts of the world. In this research, an innovative method was adopted to generate bioelectricity from the organic waste by using the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Various types of organic wastes such as livestock waste, food waste, fruit waste were used as the substrates of the microbial fuel cell. All the experiments were carried out in the same sized one chamber microbial fuel cell and the similar electrode materials. It was observed that all the organic wastes can be used to generate bioelectricity through microbial fuel cell. The generated electricity can be used in several environmental monitoring sensors and can be used as an alternate power source in the developing countries. The by-products of the bioelectricity generation can be used as soil conditioner in the organic depleted soil and agricultural fields.
Metabolic Syndrome as the First Stage of Eldership; the Beginning of Real Aging
Authors: V. Panov Alexander , A. Darenskaya Marina , I. Dikalov Sergey , I. Kolesnikov Sergey
Published: March 2021

The history of active worldwide scientific research on mechanisms of aging and the age-associated diseases counts more than five decades. Of these, among the numerous theories of aging, at least 50 years dominated the free radical theory of aging. Since mitochondria were found to be the major producers of free radicals, the research on aging became largely centered on mitochondria. At the end of 80s of the 20th century, physicians have established a new nosological entity named “Metabolic syndrome” comprising several simultaneously existing symptoms and risk factors, which increase with age to 47% in men and 64% for women. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) requires simultaneous presence of at least three out of five medical conditions: visceral obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, insulin resistance, low serum high-density lipoprotein accompanied with high serum triglycerides. However, from the beginning of the definition of MetS there was, and still is, a rather lovely debate, which of the symptoms must be considered as the main one. In spite of the enormous number of publications on both mechanisms of aging and MetS, there was relatively small progress in understanding the fundamental processes in these closely related problems. On the contrary, the mitochondrial free radical theory was found to be wrong in its current paradigms. In this Chapter we will discuss recent discoveries and hypotheses which open new perspectives in both theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of aging and MetS. We will show how aging and development of MetS are closely related to each other and the normal ontogenesis of human beings. Why men and women have different rates of aging and mechanisms of transition to MetS. We state that MetS is not just a cluster of symptoms, but one of the last steps of individual ontogenesis, namely the first step of eldership when the aging rate may increase manifold.