bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avoid suboptimal perioperative analgesia during major surgery by enhancing thoracic epidural catheter placement and hemodynamic performance
Authors: Bachman Sarah A , Lundberg Johan , Herrick Michael
Published: March 2021

Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is an established gold standard for postoperative pain control especially following laparotomy and thoracotomy. The safety and efficacy of TEA is well known when the attention to patient selection is upheld. Recently, the use of fascial plane blocks (FPBs) has evolved as an alternative to TEA most likely because these blocks avoid problems such as neurological comorbidity, coagulation disorders, epidural catheter failure and hypotension due to sympathetic denervation. However, if an FPB is performed, postoperative monitoring and adjuvant treatments are still necessary. Also, the true efficacy of FPBs is questioned. Thus, should we prioritize less efficient analgesic regimens with FPBs when preventive treatment strategies for epidural catheter failure and hypotension exist for TEA? It is time to promote and underscore the benefits of TEA provided to patients undergoing major open surgical procedures. In our mind, FPBs and landmark-guided techniques should be limited to less extensive surgery and when either neuraxial blockade is contraindicated or resources for optimal epidural catheter placement and maintenance are not available.
Construction of the cosmological model with periodically distributed inhomogeneities with growing amplitude
Authors: Sikora Szymon , Głód Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

We construct an approximate solution to the cosmological perturbation theory around Einstein–de Sitter background up to the fourth-order perturbations. This could be done with the help of the specific symmetry condition imposed on the metric, from which follows that the model density forms an infinite, cubic lattice. To verify the convergence of the perturbative construction, we express the resulting metric as a polynomial in the perturbative parameter and calculate the exact Einstein tensor. In our model, it seems that physical quantities averaged over large scales overlap with the respective Einstein–de Sitter prediction, while local observables could differ significantly from their background counterparts. As an example, we analyze the behavior of the local measurements of the Hubble constant and compare them with the Hubble constant of the homogeneous background model. A difference between these quantities is important in the context of a current Hubble tension problem.
Generalized spinning particles on $${\mathcal {S}}^2$$ in accord with the Bianchi classification
Authors: Galajinsky Anton
Published: March 2021

Motivated by recent studies of superconformal mechanics extended by spin degrees of freedom, we construct minimally superintegrable models of generalized spinning particles on $${\mathcal {S}}^2$$

S

2

, the internal degrees of freedom of which are represented by a 3-vector obeying the structure relations of a three-dimensional real Lie algebra. Extensions involving an external field of the Dirac monopole, or the motion on the group manifold of SU(2), or a scalar potential giving rise to two quadratic constants of the motion are discussed. A procedure how to build similar models, which rely upon real Lie algebras with dimensions $$d=4,5,6$$

d
=
4
,
5
,
6

, is elucidated.
Microhydration of ionized building blocks of DNA/RNA: infrared spectra of pyrimidine$$^{+}$$-$$(\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O})_{\text {1-3}}$$ clusters
Authors: Chatterjee Kuntal , Dopfer Otto
Published: March 2021

Hydration of biomolecules is an important physiological process that governs their structure, stability, and function. Herein, we probe the microhydration structure of cationic pyrimidine (Pym), a common building block of DNA/RNA bases, by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) of mass-selected microhydrated clusters, $$\hbox {Pym}^{+}$$

Pym
+

-$$\hbox {W}_{n}$$

W
n

(W=$$\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

), in the size range $$n=1$$

n
=
1

–3. The IRPD spectra recorded in the OH and CH stretch range are sensitive to the evolution of the hydration network. Analysis with density functional theory calculations at the dispersion-corrected B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level provides a consistent picture of the most stable structures and their energetic and vibrational properties. The global minima of $$\hbox {Pym}^{+}$$

Pym
+

-$$\hbox {W}_{n}$$

W
n

predicted by the calculations are characterized by H-bonded structures, in which the H-bonded $$\hbox {W}_{n}$$

W
n

solvent cluster is attached to the most acidic C4–H proton of $$\hbox {Pym}^{+}$$

Pym
+

via a single CH...O ionic H-bond. These isomers are identified as predominant carrier of the IRPD spectra, although less stable local minima provide minor contributions. In general, the formation of the H-bonded solvent network (exterior ion solvation) is energetically preferred to less stable structures with interior ion solvation because of cooperative nonadditive three-body polarization effects. Progressive hydration activates the C4–H bond, along with increasing charge transfer from $$\hbox {Pym}^{+}$$

Pym
+

to $$\hbox {W}_{n}$$

W
n

, although no proton transfer is observed in the size range $$n\leqslant $$

n
⩽

3. The solvation with protic, dipolar, and hydrophilic W ligands is qualitative different from solvation with aprotic, quadrupolar, and hydrophobic $$\hbox {N}_{2}$$

N
2

ligands, which strongly prefer interior ion solvation by $$\uppi $$
π
stacking interactions. Comparison of $$\hbox {Pym}^{+}$$

Pym
+

-W with Pym-W and $$\hbox {H}^{+}$$

H
+

Pym-W reveals the drastic effect of ionization and protonation on the Pym...W interaction.

Graphic Abstract
Aharonov–Bohm effect on the generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau oscillator in the Som–Raychaudhuri spacetime
Authors: Yang Yi , Long Zheng-Wen , Chen Hao , Zhao Zi-Long , Long Chao-Yun
Published: March 2021

The generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) oscillator with electromagnetic interactions in the curved spacetimes is investigated. We introduce firstly the generalized DKP oscillator in Som–Raychaudhuri spacetime with Cornell potential. Then, we consider the electromagnetic interactions into the generalized DKP oscillator. The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunction of our problem are obtained. The effects from the parameters of spacetime, the frequency of oscillator, the Cornell potential and the magnetic flux on the energy eigenvalues have been analyzed. We find an analog effect for the bound states from the Aharonov–Bohm effect in our considered system.
Cosmic expansion with curved dark energy cosmology: Inevitability of cosmic doomsday
Authors: Rabha Chayanika , Kalita Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

In this work, we have constructed deceleration–acceleration and future evolution of cosmic expansion with curved dynamical dark energy models. Closed and open spatial curvatures are calculated by assuming that dark energy density does not exceed 85% of the closure density and by obtaining lower bounds on the ratio of dark energy to matter density, in terms of equation of state of dark energy. The range of transition epoch [Formula: see text] realized for spatial curvature [Formula: see text] is consistent with model independent estimations coming from galactic ages, strong lensing, Type Ia supernovae and recent constraints coming from [Formula: see text] measurements in non-flat dynamical dark energy models. Two novel parametrizations of dark energy equation of state namely the logarithmic and oscillatory, which are singularity free at future point [Formula: see text] are used to study the deceleration parameter q(z). Irrespective of spatial curvature, cosmic doomsday has been found inevitable for both the parametrizations. The time evolution of logarithmic parametrization, being reminiscent of a quintom field (canonical[Formula: see text]phantom), is converted into dynamics of a canonical quintessence and a phantom field for the redshift range ([Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). It is found that irrespective of spatial curvature, the quintessence component becomes sub-dominant in future giving it’s way to the phantom component.
Experimental Study of the Nonlinear Torsional Flutter of a Long-Span Suspension Bridge with a Double-Deck Truss Girder
Authors: Li Ming , Sun Yanguo , Lei Yongfu , Liao Haili , Li Mingshui
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nonlinear torsional flutter of a long-span suspension bridge with a double-deck truss girder. First, the characteristics of nonlinear flutter are studied using the section model in the wind tunnel test. Different aerodynamic measures, e.g. upper and lower stabilizers and horizontal flaps, are applied to improve the flutter performance of the double-deck truss girder. Then, the full bridge aeroelastic model is tested in the wind tunnel to further examine the flutter performance of the bridge with the optimal truss girder. Finally, three-dimensional (3D) flutter analysis is performed to study the static wind-induced effects on the nonlinear flutter of the long-span suspension bridge. The results show that single-degree-of-freedom torsional limit cycle oscillations occur at large amplitudes for the double-deck truss section at the attack angles of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The upper and lower stabilizers installed on the upper and lower decks, respectively, and the flaps installed near the bottoms of the sidewalks can all effectively alleviate the torsional flutter responses. Meanwhile, it is found that the torsional flutter responses of the truss girder in the aeroelastic model test are much smaller than those in the section model test. The 3D flutter analysis demonstrates that the large discrepancies between the flutter responses of the two model experiments can be attributed to the additional attack angle caused by the static wind-induced displacements. This finding highlights the importance and necessity of considering the static wind-induced effects in the flutter design of long-span suspension bridges.
Positive Implicative Neutrosophic Quadruple BCK-Algebras and Ideals
Authors: Borzooei Rajab Ali , Jun Young Bae , Takallo M. Mohseni , Ahn Sun Shin
Published: March 2021

Given a set [Formula: see text], conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple [Formula: see text]-set to be a (positive implicative) neutrosophic quadruple [Formula: see text]-algebra are considered. The notion of (positive implicative) neutrosophic quadruple ideal is introduced, and the extended neutrosophic quadruple [Formula: see text]-algebra is established. Several properties are investigated.
Medical Decision Making Using Generalized Interval-Valued Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Dutta Palash
Published: March 2021

Real world problems are often ill defined due to uncertainty caused mainly by the deficiency of precision and data, diminutive sample sizes or data acquired from specialist opinions, artificial/man-made errors, etc. To handle uncertainties of these types, type-I fuzzy set theory (FST) has been more often explored. However, it is not always possible for type-I FST to characterize uncertainty in all real world problems. Examples may be had in the diagnosis of patients that has to be mostly dependent on the buoyancy level of a medical investigator (MI) with a very limited degree of accuracy. In such circumstances, interval-valued fuzzy set (IVFS) is a more suitable apparatus to embody vague linguistic expressions of the patients. Moreover, it has the ability to incorporate the complete degree of confidence of the medical investigator’s opinion in certain closed region (i.e. interval). This paper presents a maiden attempt to swot up decision making for MIs using arithmetic of triangular generalized interval-valued fuzzy numbers (TGIVFNs). The TGIVFN has the ability to deal with sequence of things that account for the parameter height of TGIVFN. Parameter heights of TGIVFN characterize the grade of buoyancy of judgments of the decision makers in a very specific comportment. Finally, a case study has been carried out under this setting using live data in order to exhibit the proposed techniques. It is observed that the proposed approach provides a way to perform MI in an explicit demeanor which presents acceptable consequences in comparison to classical techniques. Furthermore, it provides more precision to the decision of the medical investigators.
Pleiotropic Effects of Eugenol: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown
Authors: Aburel Oana M. , Pavel Ioana Z. , Dănilă Maria D. , Lelcu Theia , Roi Alexandra , Lighezan Rodica , Muntean Danina M. , Rusu Laura C.
Published: March 2021

Phytocompounds and medicinal herbs were used in traditional ancient medicine and are nowadays increasingly screened in both experimental and clinical settings due to their beneficial effects in several major pathologies. Similar to the drug industry, phytotherapy is interested in using nanobased delivery systems to view the identification and characterization of the cellular and molecular therapeutic targets of plant components. Eugenol, the major phenolic constituent of clove essential oil, is a particularly versatile phytochemical with a vast range of therapeutic properties, among which the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects have been systematically addressed. In the past decade, with the emerging understanding of the role of mitochondria as critical organelles in the pathophysiology of noncommunicable diseases, research regarding the role of phytochemicals as modulators of bioenergetics and metabolism is on a rise. Here, we present a brief overview of the major pharmacological properties of eugenol, with special emphasis on its applications in dental medicine, and provide preliminary data regarding its effects, alone, and included in polyurethane nanostructures, on mitochondrial bioenergetics, and glycolysis in human HaCaT keratinocytes.
Atypical Familial Mediterranean Fever in a Japanese Boy with Heterozygous MEFV p.Ser503Cys Exon 5 Variant
Authors: Sato Tomonobu , Takezaki Shunichiro , Goto Takeru , Ishikawa Shinichi , Oura Kazumi , Takahata Asuka , Shiraishi Haruki , Maruo Yuji , Sato Norio , Suganuma Takashi , Mikawa Makoto
Published: March 2021

Periodic fever syndromes are heterogeneous diseases. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the hereditary periodic fever diseases caused by a Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene abnormality. FMF can be categorized as typical or atypical, based on clinical findings and genetic screening. Atypical FMF has a wide variation of clinical findings and disease-causing mutations of MEFV. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose an unknown fever as FMF. To date, a large number of various typical and atypical FMF cases have been reported in Japan. Here, we describe a Japanese boy with heterozygous MEFV p.Ser503Cys exon 5 variant who developed periodic fever. He was treated with colchicine; a complete eradication of his fever and various accompanying symptoms have been subsequently achieved for more than a year. Given that there have been a few reports about patients with this variant, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic role of heterozygous MEFV p.Ser503Cys exon 5 variant. It is therefore imperative to consider atypical FMF as a differential diagnosis when a periodic fever is encountered. Furthermore, we suggest that it is worthwhile to integrate MEFV gene analysis with the potential effects of colchicine treatment in patients with periodic fever.
Analysis and Design of a Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Residual Energy of the Nodes and the Harvested Energy from Mint Plants
Authors: Alcalá-Garrido Hassel Aurora , Barrera-Figueroa Víctor , Rivero-Ángeles Mario E. , García-Tejeda Yunia Verónica , Pérez Hosanna Ramírez
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the use of sensor nodes for the IoT is widespread; nodes that compose these networks must possess self‐organizing capabilities and communication protocols that require less energy consumption during communication procedures. In this work, we propose the design and analysis of an energy harvesting system using bioelectricity harvested from mint plants that aids in powering a particular design of a wireless sensor operating in a continuous monitoring mode. The system is based on randomly turning nodes ON (active nodes) and OFF (inactive nodes) to avoid their energy depletion. While a node is in an inactive state, it is allowed to harvest energy from the surroundings. However, while the node is harvesting energy from its surroundings, it is unable to report data. As such, a clear compromise is established between the amount of information reported and the lifetime of the network. To finely tune the system’s parameters and offer an adequate operation, we derive a mathematical model based on a discrete Markov chain that describes the main dynamics of the system. We observe that with the use of mint plants, the harvested energy is of the order of a few Joules; nonetheless, such small energy values can sustain a wireless transmission if correctly adapted to drive a wireless sensor. If we consider the lowest mean harvested energy obtained from mint plants, such energy can be used to transmit up to 259,564 bits or can also be used to receive up to 301,036 bits. On the other hand, if we consider the greatest mean harvested energy, this energy can be used to transmit up to 2,394,737 bits or can also be used to receive up to 2,777,349 bits.
Basketball Technology Simulation Application Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Song Yushuai
Published: March 2021

The combination of virtual reality (VR) technology and basketball technology simulation can make the players have a real experience and experience, so as to effectively improve the quality of basketball training. It can also, according to the individual needs of different players, promote their physical and mental health development and improve the enthusiasm of basketball training, so as to improve the level of basketball technology. Immersive feeling and interest of human-computer interaction are the essential characteristics of virtual reality. The real conception of space-time environment, that is, the process of enlightening thinking and obtaining basketball technology simulation information, is the ultimate goal of virtual reality. In this experiment, five high-level basketball players in our city were selected and numbered from no. 1 to no. 5. Before the experiment, it is necessary to make the players warm up fully before the experiment and then test the forward turning technical movements of basketball. The test variables are based on different angles and distances. After that, standardized selection of basketball technical statistical indicators includes shooting hit rate, two-point hit rate, three-point hit rate, and free throw hit rate. According to the results of the experiment, it took the most time for the curve technique to lower the buffer stage, and it took up 29% of the total time of the entire precursor shot and turned back and the aerial shot stage is 23% and 22%, respectively. There is 20% time in the takeoff phase and 6% time in the brake phase. It has a great influence on the results of the game.
Amplifying the Voice of the Whispering Cancer
Authors: Dhani Neesha C.
Published: March 2021

Nontargeted circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) whole-genome sequencing is a novel strategy for genomic characterization of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Changes in ctDNA levels are a sensitive indicator of disease burden with an average lead time of 6 months to clinical progression. This presents a unique opportunity to identify pathways driving progression as molecular vulnerabilities for clinical drug development.

See related article by Paracchini et al., p. 2549
Francis Bacon’s “Perceptive” Instruments
Authors: Jalobeanu Dana
Published: March 2021

This paper claims that one way to bridge the gap between Francis Bacon’s speculative philosophy and his natural historical and experimental investigations is by looking at his peculiar top-down strategy of measuring Nature. Key to this strategy is the construction of perceptive instruments, i.e., devices “subtle enough” to detect and map natural limits, powers and virtues. In this paper, I discuss some of Bacon’s ideas for the development of perceptive instruments, and I show how his particular investigative strategy leads to the construction of an interesting and insufficiently investigated operational vocabulary. I focus on two particular terms of this vocabulary, “orbs of virtue” and “perception.” I show that, although originating in a natural-philosophical context, both terms acquire new, operational meanings in Bacon’s late natural histories. They vindicate the use of instruments and provide the necessary tools for a complex and interesting top-down approach to measuring Nature.
What Did Hooke Want from the Microscope? Magnification, Matter Theory and Mechanism
Authors: Lawson Ian
Published: March 2021

This article discusses Hooke’s microscopy in the context of the nature of his explanations of natural phenomena. It illustrates that while Hooke’s particular conception of microscopy certainly cohered with his general framework of mechanical philosophy, he thought of his microscope as an artisanal tool that could help him examine unknown natural machinery. It seems, however, that he never used magnifying lenses with the hope of confirming mechanism by glimpsing fundamental particles. Indeed, through a consideration of sources spanning from his 1665 Micrographia to a lecture delivered in the 1690s, it seems Hooke did not believe such particles existed and thought microscopic and macroscopic bodies arose through the same natural processes, though could have very different properties from one another.
The EU as an emerging coordinator in development cooperation: perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Delputte Sarah
Published: March 2021

This report presents the proceedings of the field research conducted in the framework of a doctoral research on the European Union (EU) as an emerging coordinator in development cooperation. This research aims to seek in-depth and interpreted understanding of the paradox between the EU's ambitions on the one hand and practice on the ground on the other by investigating the EU's role in four sub-Saharan African countries (Tanzania, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Senegal). As such, it aims to add empirical evidence to the debate on the role of the EU as a development actor. More specifically, it investigates how the ambitions of the EU are translated at country level and in which situations the EU is more/less likely to act as a coordinator, making use of a pragmatist research approach. This approach is especially suited to problem-driven research that aims to understand a complex phenomenon. The article introduces the research question and the rationale, gives an overview of the research approach and the methodological considerations and ends with a summary of the research process and the preliminary findings of the field research.
Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo on the way to peace? War remembrances, post conflict discourse construction: a discursive analysis of Djungu-Simba’s novellas
Authors: Kaputu Felix U.
Published: March 2021

Throughout the history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, various writings – literary, sociological, and political – retrace the challenges that have faced the nation: colonialism, access to independence, postcolonial failures, wars, dictatorships and female exploitation. Some historians, sociologists, literary critics and journalists touted the successes of colonial times and the first Republic, especially those who worked for these governments. Other essential voices remained silent, in order to avoid dictatorial repression and censure, especially under President Mobutu. With the arrival of Laurent Kabila, freedom of speech brought forth discourse that slowly deteriorated into insincere rhetoric and, finally, utter silence. In Les Terrassiers de Bukavu: Nouvelles, Charles Djungu-Simba, the editor of several Bukavu Congolese novella writers, predicts that the socio-political discourse put forth in such narratives will lead to chaos followed by further repression that will continue the cycle presented all along these metanarratives unless oppression is radically addressed from the grassroots.
Many paths to walk. The political and economic integration of nomadic communities in Roman North Africa (I-III cent. A.D.)
Authors: Vanacker Wouter
Published: March 2021

The colonial image of endemic political and economic antagonism between nomadic and sedentary groups in the context of Roman North Africa should be discarded. Likewise, the rigid adherence to symbiosis and cooperation in more recent studies is based on a rather one-sided reading of anthropological literature. For the analysis of literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources, supported by insights derived from anthropology, shows that political and economic integration trajectories of nomads were much more complex, diverse, and dynamic.
Etudes des composantes du rendement et la qualité nutritionnelle du fourrage de quelques lignées de mil Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. des zones aridesen Tunisie
Authors: Loumerem Mohamed , Van Damme Patrick , Kourchani Touhami , Reheul Dirk , Behaeghe Tillo
Published: March 2021

Twenty lines of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) used for the production of grain and fodder were evaluated at the Institute of Arid Regions in Médenine, Tunisia. The evaluation work based on nutritive value was carried out in order to be able to group together these lines according to their nutrient richness. The following aspects of the leaves, stems and the entire plant were analysed: dry matter (DM); mineral matter (MM); total nitrogenized matter (TNM); crude fibre (CF); nutri¬ent detergent fiber (NDF). Statistical analysis of obtained data allowed the grouping of the studied lines into four groups. Each group consists of homogeneous lines for the characters studied, and especially for their nutrient richness. Lines 3, 10, 14, 18, 64 and 75 are characterized by plants lower in ADF, NDF, CB, MAT, MM of stems and MM of leaves. However, plants of lines 19, 46, 49, 107, 125 and 167 are considered highest in MATF, MMT and MATT. In addition, the plants of lines 49 and 167 have higher values for the ADF and the MS, but the plant stems of lines 49 and 125 are much richer in CB than the other lines. Lines 49, 125 and 167 will be maintained as elite and plants will be mated in an open pollinated cycle to test their suitability for general combination. The maximum heterosis parents will be identified in order to produce a synthetic variety with a higher yield than local cultivars, and one better adapted to the environment and farming techniques of farmers in arid regions of Tunisia.
Jesuits and Conversos in Sixteenth-Century Toledo
Authors: Martín López David
Published: March 2021

In the early days of the Society of Jesus, the city of Toledo was among the locations where the affinity between the order and the local population of Jewish converts was most patent. Bolstered by members of the most prominent converso lineages, such as the de la Palma and Hurtado families, the order grew exponentially in the final decades of the sixteenth century. Additionally, the Jesuits were active in the controversy surrounding the endorsement of the statutes of purity of blood. They opposed Cardinal Silíceo both directly—by means of their attempts to settle in the city—and indirectly—through their ties with his main detractors in the cathedral council. They also played a prominent role in the memorialist crisis before the eventual approval of the statutes of purity of blood in the Society of Jesus.
On the Hyperbolicity of the Bulk Air–Sea Heat Flux Functions: Insights into the Efficiency of Air–Sea Moisture Disequilibrium for Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Authors: Jaimes de la Cruz Benjamin , Shay Lynn K. , Wadler Joshua B. , Rudzin Johna E.
Published: March 2021

Sea-to-air heat fluxes are the energy source for tropical cyclone (TC) development and maintenance. In the bulk aerodynamic formulas, these fluxes are a function of surface wind speed U10 and air–sea temperature and moisture disequilibrium (ΔT and Δq, respectively). Although many studies have explained TC intensification through the mutual dependence between increasing U10 and increasing sea-to-air heat fluxes, recent studies have found that TC intensification can occur through deep convective vortex structures that obtain their local buoyancy from sea-to-air moisture fluxes, even under conditions of relatively low wind. Herein, a new perspective on the bulk aerodynamic formulas is introduced to evaluate the relative contribution of wind-driven (U10) and thermodynamically driven (ΔT and Δq) ocean heat uptake. Previously unnoticed salient properties of these formulas, reported here, are as follows: 1) these functions are hyperbolic and 2) increasing Δq is an efficient mechanism for enhancing the fluxes. This new perspective was used to investigate surface heat fluxes in six TCs during phases of steady-state intensity (SS), slow intensification (SI), and rapid intensification (RI). A capping of wind-driven heat uptake was found during periods of SS, SI, and RI. Compensation by larger values of Δq > 5 g kg−1 at moderate values of U10 led to intense inner-core moisture fluxes of greater than 600 W m−2 during RI. Peak values in Δq preferentially occurred over oceanic regimes with higher sea surface temperature (SST) and upper-ocean heat content. Thus, increasing SST and Δq is a very effective way to increase surface heat fluxes—this can easily be achieved as a TC moves over deeper warm oceanic regimes.
The extensification of managerial work in the digital age: Middle managers, spatio-temporal boundaries and control
Authors: Hassard John , Morris Jonathan
Published: March 2021

How has the experience of managerial work changed in the digital age? This two-phase (2002–2006, 2015–2019) study addresses this question by examining how middle managers perceive the spatio-temporal boundaries of their work to have shifted. Typically, such managers report change occurring in two directions: (i) the contractual employment boundary becoming stretched as hours completed inside the workplace increase; and (ii) this boundary becoming breached as managers conduct additional work voluntarily from locations outside corporate premises. Although such trends can be explained deterministically – the former stemming from corporate acceptance of consultancy-influenced organizational prescriptions (business process reengineering, lean management, agile management etc.), and the latter from widespread adoption of digital communication innovations (BlackBerry, email, WhatsApp etc.) – we argue that to achieve a more rounded appreciation of such work ‘extensification’ attention must also be paid to agentic forces of strategic and political choice. Developing this argument, and acknowledging paradox when theorizing spatio-temporal change, we suggest future research on managerial employment must entail documenting not only factors influencing the stretching and breaching of work boundaries, but also – given incipient political regulations and innovative surveillance technologies – others serving to strengthen and protect them, notably those directed at improving work–life balance and physical/psychological health.
Marketing Ideas: How to Write Research Articles that Readers Understand and Cite
Authors: Warren Nooshin L. , Farmer Matthew , Gu Tianyu , Warren Caleb
Published: March 2021

Academia is a marketplace of ideas. Just as firms market their products with packaging and advertising, scholars market their ideas with writing. Even the best ideas will make an impact only if others understand and build on them. Why, then, is academic writing often difficult to understand? In two experiments and a text analysis of 1,640 articles in premier marketing journals, this research shows that scholars write unclearly in part because they forget that they know more about their research than readers, a phenomenon called “the curse of knowledge.” Knowledge, or familiarity with one’s own research, exacerbates three practices that make academic writing difficult to understand: abstraction, technical language, and passive writing. When marketing scholars know more about a research project, they use more abstract, technical, and passive writing to describe it. Articles with more abstract, technical, and passive writing are harder for readers to understand and are less likely to be cited. The authors call for scholars to overcome the curse of knowledge and provide two tools—a website ( writingclaritycalculator.com ) and a tutorial—to help them recognize and repair unclear writing so they can write articles that are more likely to make an impact.
Examining the predictors of prosocial behavior in young offenders and nonoffenders
Authors: Samper Paula , Llorca Anna , Malonda Elisabeth , Mestre M. Vicenta
Published: March 2021

Research on young offenders has primarily focused on identifying predictors of the maladaptive, aggressive behavior; there is a scarcity of evidence on factors that relate to prosocial behavior in these adolescents. The current study examined the link from parenting, emotional instability, and prosocial reasoning to prosocial behavior, while also examining the mediating roles of empathic concern (EC) and perspective taking (PT) in a sample of Spanish adolescent offenders compared to a sample of nonoffenders. Participants were 440 adolescents: 220 young offenders residing in four Youth Detention Centres of Valencia (67.3% men) and 220 enrolled in public and private schools within the metropolitan area of Valencia (65.9% men). The two subsamples were similar in age (15−18 years), gender, and social class. Analyses show differences in mother’s permissiveness with empathy (PT and EC), in emotional instability and internalized reasoning with PT in predicting prosocial behavior in offenders and nonoffenders adolescents. EC and PT are significative and positively related to prosocial behavior in both groups. These findings have implications for prevention and reeducation interventions oriented to social reinsertion of adolescent offenders and the development of family and social counseling programs that favor adaptive behavior.
3D‐Printed Models for Temporal Bone Surgical Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frithioff Andreas , Frendø Martin , Pedersen David Bue , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten , Wuyts Andersen Steven Arild
Published: March 2021

Objective

3D‐printed models hold great potential for temporal bone surgical training as a supplement to cadaveric dissection. Nevertheless, critical knowledge on manufacturing remains scattered, and little is known about whether use of these models improves surgical performance. This systematic review aims to explore (1) methods used for manufacturing and (2) how educational evidence supports using 3D‐printed temporal bone models.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, relevant studies were identified and data on manufacturing and validation and/or training extracted by 2 reviewers. Quality assessment was performed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument tool; educational outcomes were determined according to Kirkpatrick’s model.

Results

The search yielded 595 studies; 36 studies were found eligible and included for analysis. The described 3D‐printed models were based on computed tomography scans from patients or cadavers. Processing included manual segmentation of key structures such as the facial nerve; postprocessing, for example, consisted of removal of print material inside the model. Overall, educational quality was low, and most studies evaluated their models using only expert and/or trainee opinion (ie, Kirkpatrick level 1). Most studies reported positive attitudes toward the models and their potential for training.

Conclusion

Manufacturing and use of 3D‐printed temporal bones for surgical training are widely reported in the literature. However, evidence to support their use and knowledge about both manufacturing and the effects on subsequent surgical performance are currently lacking. Therefore, stronger educational evidence and manufacturing knowhow are needed for widespread implementation of 3D‐printed temporal bones in surgical curricula.
Reimagining Senior Centers for Purposeful Aging: Perspectives of Diverse Older Adults
Authors: Liao Hsiao-Wen , DeLiema Marguerite
Published: March 2021

Senior centers must re-envision their programs to appeal to today’s increasingly older and more diverse older adults. Using a purposeful aging framework, this study aims to inform senior center programming by capturing diverse older adults’ perspectives on future goals, perceptions of aging, attitudes about senior centers, and experience with technology. Participants age 70 and older ( N = 64) joined one of eight focus groups organized by race/ethnicity and preferred spoken language. Transcripts were coded using a grounded theory approach to identify perspectives in each domain. Across groups, shared perspectives included aspirations to make a difference, maintain health and independence, continue learning, and embrace positive perceptions of aging. However, both positive and negative attitudes about participating in senior centers and the effects of technology were presented. We discuss how to redesign senior center programming to meet members’ proactive approach to aging and future goals, and facilitate more confidence with new technology.
An inhomogeneous problem for an elastic half-strip: An exact solution
Authors: Kovalenko Mikhail D , Menshova Irina V , Kerzhaev Alexander P , Yu Guangming
Published: March 2021

We construct exact solutions of two inhomogeneous boundary value problems in the theory of elasticity for a half-strip with free long sides in the form of series in Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions: (a) the half-strip end is free and (b) the half-strip end is firmly clamped. Initially, we construct a solution of the inhomogeneous problem for an infinite strip. Subsequently, the corresponding solutions for a half-strip are added to this solution, whereby the boundary conditions at the end are satisfied. The Papkovich orthogonality relation is used to solve the inhomogeneous problem in a strip.
A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Coppola Andrew , Chey Chia , O’Donovan Emma , Rahman Monira
Published: March 2021

Acute liver failure is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by drug-induced hepatotoxicity or viral hepatitides. However, there are a number of rarer causes such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of uncontrolled immune cell activation, triggered by infection or malignancy, which carries a high mortality. Whilst mild to moderate liver injury is commonly seen with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, acute liver failure has rarely been reported in adults. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with acute liver failure secondary to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by undiagnosed large B-cell lymphoma. Initially treated for biliary sepsis, there was a delay in the diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and despite initiating chemotherapy, he died soon after. This case highlights the importance of considering haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a rare cause of acute liver failure, as given the life-threatening potential of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a prompt diagnosis may allow early initiation of chemotherapy for any chance of survival.
Does the Level of Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Affect the Surgical Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis-Related Thoracolumbar Kyphosis With the Same Curve Pattern?
Authors: Tang Zou-li , Qian Bang-ping , Qiu Yong , Liu Zhuo-jie , Zhao Shi-zhou , Huang Ji-chen
Published: March 2021

Study Design:

A retrospective study.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) level on the surgical outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis-related thoracolumbar kyphosis with the same curve pattern.

Methods:

ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis, who underwent 1-level lumbar PSO between March 2006 and June 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Criteria for curve-matched thoracolumbar kyphosis were: (1) have same level of preoperative apex (pre-apex); (2) have similar global kyphosis (GK, the angle between the superior/inferior endplate of the maximally tilted upper and lower end vertebra) (the difference of GK less than 15˚). The radiographic parameters measured were sagittal vertical axis (SVA, the horizontal distance between the C7 plumb line and the posterosuperior corner of the S1), GK, thoracic kyphosis (TK, the angle between the T5 superior endplate and the T12 inferior endplate), lumbar lordosis (LL, the angle between the L1 and S1 superior endplate), sacral slope (SS, the angle between the sacral endplate and the horizontal line), pelvic tilt (PT, the angle between the vertical and the line joining the midpoint of the sacral plate and hip axis), and pelvic incidence (PI, the angle between the line vertical to the superior margin of S1 and the line connecting the sacral plate midpoint with the hip joint axis). All of these parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQoL, evaluated by preoperative and the last follow-up questionnaires including ODI and VAS) scores were collected before surgery and at the last follow-up. According to their osteotomy level, patients were devided into 2 sub-groups (L1 group and L2 group), and differences of these mentioned parameters between 2 groups were compared.

Results:

26 curve-matched patients were recruited with a mean follow-up of 37.2 months. All patients improved significantly after surgery in HRQoL scores (VAS 1.6 vs 5.4, P < 0.001; ODI 11.9 vs 26.4, P < 0.001). Except for TK and PI, those radiographic parameters were also observed to be significantly changed after surgery. Compared to L2 group, PSO at L1 may have larger correction of TK (ΔTK -6.8 vs -0.3°, P = 0.164), PI (ΔPI -7.4 vs -0.7°, P = 0.364) and smaller correction of SVA (ΔSVA -105.3 vs -128.5 mm, P = 0.096), LL (ΔLL -31.1 vs -43.0°, P = 0.307) and SS (ΔSS 6.9 vs 12.2°, P = 0.279) but had no statistical significance.

Conclusion:

The results of this investigation showed that in AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients with the same curve pattern, the different levels of osteotomy had little effect on the improvement of surgical outcomes. However, osteotomy at L2 is more likely to obtain a larger correction of SVA compared to osteotomy at L1.
Speed of Psoriasis Treatment Response for Biologic Agents: A Review of Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Johnson Matthew C. , Heron Courtney E. , Ghamrawi Rima I. , Balogh Esther A. , Feldman Steven R.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Clinical trials often focus on the efficacy of biologic agents in the treatment of psoriasis without emphasis on the speed of response.

Objective:

We evaluated clinical trial data to determine which biologic agents achieve the fastest treatment response.

Methods:

A review of phase III clinical trials of biologic agents in psoriasis was performed. Speed was determined by analyzing Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75/90 responder curves to estimate the point at which 50% of subjects achieved that outcome, PASI 75/9050. Time to achieve PASI 75/9050 was averaged across trials.

Results:

Time to achieve PASI 7550, in weeks: brodalumab 210 mg, 3.5; ixekizumab 80 mg Q2 W, 4; secukinumab 300 mg, 5; infliximab 5mg/kg, 5.5; risankizumab 150 mg, 6; guselkumab 100 mg, 6.25; adalimumab 40 mg, 7.25; ustekinumab 45/90 mg, 7.4; certolizumab 400 mg, 7.5; tildrakizumab 100 mg, 9; etanercept 50 mg, 12.5. PASI 9050 responder rate estimations revealed a similar trend.

Conclusion:

Interleukin-17 inhibitors have a more rapid treatment response compared with other classes. Although speed is important, efficacy, persistence, side effects, cost of treatment, and number of injections are all factors to consider.
Retinoids in hematology: a timely revival?
Authors: Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Esnault Cécile , de Thé Hugues
Published: March 2021

The retinoic acid receptors (RARA, RARB, and RARG) are ligand-regulated nuclear receptors that act as transcriptional switches. These master genes drew significant interest in the 1990s because of their key roles in embryogenesis and involvement in a rare malignancy, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in which the RARA (and very rarely, RARG or RARB) genes are rearranged, underscoring the central role of deregulated retinoid signaling in leukemogenesis. Several recent provocative observations have revived interest in the roles of retinoids in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as in normal hematopoietic differentiation. We review the role of retinoids in hematopoiesis, as well as in the treatment of non-APL AMLs. From this perspective, broader uses of retinoids in the management of hematopoietic tumors are discussed.
Markers of complement activation in plasma during quiescent phases in patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Ruffatti Amelia , Tonello Marta , Macor Paolo , Calligaro Antonia , Del Ross Teresa , Favaro Maria , Lotti Virginia , Carletto Antonio , Hoxha Ariela , Biasi Domenico
Published: March 2021

Accumulating evidence suggests that complement activation is a critical contributor to catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). While complement activation and C5b-9 levels have been documented in acute CAPS, Ruffati et al report that patients with a history of CAPS have higher levels of C5a and C5b-9 even in the quiescent phase, suggesting an underlying defect in complement regulation.
PnB Designer: a web application to design prime and base editor guide RNAs for animals and plants
Authors: Siegner Sebastian M. , Karasu Mehmet E. , Schröder Markus S. , Kontarakis Zacharias , Corn Jacob E.
Published: March 2021

Background

The rapid expansion of the CRISPR toolbox through tagging effector domains to either enzymatically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) or Cas9 nickase (nCas9) has led to several promising new gene editing strategies. Recent additions include CRISPR cytosine or adenine base editors (CBEs and ABEs) and the CRISPR prime editors (PEs), in which a deaminase or reverse transcriptase are fused to nCas9, respectively. These tools hold great promise to model and correct disease-causing mutations in animal and plant models. But so far, no widely-available tools exist to automate the design of both BE and PE reagents.

Results

We developed PnB Designer, a web-based application for the design of pegRNAs for PEs and guide RNAs for BEs. PnB Designer makes it easy to design targeting guide RNAs for single or multiple targets on a variant or reference genome from organisms spanning multiple kingdoms. With PnB Designer, we designed pegRNAs to model all known disease causing mutations available in ClinVar. Additionally, PnB Designer can be used to design guide RNAs to install or revert a SNV, scanning the genome with one CBE and seven different ABE PAM variants and returning the best BE to use. PnB Designer is publicly accessible athttp://fgcz-shiny.uzh.ch/PnBDesigner/

Conclusion

With PnB Designer we created a user-friendly design tool for CRISPR PE and BE reagents, which should simplify choosing editing strategy and avoiding design complications.