bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La excepción Darío o la filosofía de lo frívolo
Authors: Paredes Alberto
Published: December 2020

El verso de Rubén Darío “hace sonar un ruiseñor en lo invisible” es, en todos los manuales, el modelo del alejandrino ternario (verso simple de trece sílabas); forma parte de un pareado, su siguiente verso no ha sido atendido debidamente. En este ensayo Paredes examina y comenta una serie de peculiaridades métricas a lo largo del poema “Mima; elegía pagana”; asimismo puntualiza información biográfica sobre la bailarina que originó tan singular poema y sobre el escultor francés también mencionado en el poema.The Rubén Dario’s line “hace sonar un ruiseñor en lo invisible” is, in all the Spanish language metrics books, the example of the alejandrino ternario (a thirteen syllables alexandrine in three-segments); it forms a distich, the next line has not been properly studied. In this paper Paredes analyses several metrical peculiarities within the poem “Mima; elegía pagana”. He also communicates here biographical information concerning the dancer at the origin of such a rare poem and on the French sculptor also mentioned.
La enseñanza de la métrica
Authors: Torre Esteban
Published: December 2020

Se parte en este trabajo de una regla de oro de la enseñanza, formulada por el filósofo español José Ortega y Gasset en su Misión de la Universidad –no se debe enseñar sino lo que se puede de verdad aprender–, y un consejo del metrista venezolano Andrés Bello en sus Principios de ortología y métrica de la lengua castellana –“conviene que el alumno aprenda a percibir por el oído la medida de los versos”–. Se analizan diversas pautas docentes en el terreno de la ciencia métrica.The point of departure for this study is represented by the golden rule of teaching, formulated by the Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset, in his Mission of the University ‒you should only teach that which can be truly learnt‒, as well as by the piece of advice provided by the Venezuelan metrist, Andrés Bello, in his Principles of Orthology and Meter in Castilian Spanish ‒“what is advisable is that the student learn to perceive the measure of  poetic lines by ear”‒. Thereafter, a range of teaching models are analyzed in the field of the science of metrics.
Dispositivos frente a la hegemonía patriarcal, en procesos democrático-participativos
Authors: Rodríguez Villasante Tomás , Hernández Lola
Published: December 2020

Desde los feminismos varios que hemos conocido se presentan nueve aportaciones básicas que vienen a reforzar aspectos metodológicos claves para las estrategias transformadoras y para las metodologías participativas. No se trata de partir de la supuesta «neutralidad científica», sino de la «parcialidad consciente », de las «visiones desde abajo», para construir «investigación científica y ético-política». Se plantean nueve saltos de enfoque (epistemológicos: ¿para qué?, ¿para quién?); también aportamos nueve acciones y herramientas, y concluimos que nueve productos son posibles en los procesos para superar las situaciones de marginalidad y opresión. Entendemos que los procesos de autoorganización social en las estrategias y movimientos del siglo xxi vienen a corroborar muchos de estos postulados que aquí se recogen. Aún quedan restos del patriarcado y del elitismo vanguardista en las formas en que se articulan muchos partidos y movimientos, pero aquí se aportan argumentos y herramientas para poder superar los vicios heredados.From the various feminisms we have known nine basic contributions which reinforce key methodological issues for transformative strategies and participatory methodologies. It is not from the supposed «scientific neutrality» but of «political-ethical and scientific research,» «conscious bias», «visions from below » to build. Also we contribute nine shares and tools, and concluded that nine products are possible in the processes to overcome situations of marginalization and oppression: nine jumps approach (what for whom epistemological?) arise. The processes of self-organization strategies and social movements of the XXI century we understand that corroborate many of these postulates are collected here.
Especies reactivas de oxígeno y su implicación en Biomedicina
Authors: Lozano-Picazo Carmen María , Fernández-Belda Francisco
Published: December 2020

Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) actúan como regulador intracelular cuando se generan de forma controlada en puntos concretos de la célula. Modifican la función de proteínas mediante la oxidación reversible de cisteínas. Hay quinasas y fosfatasas de proteínas, factores de transcripción y canales iónicos que están regulados por ROS. Estrés oxidativo y daño celular aparecen cuando los mecanismos antioxidantes de protección son incapaces de mantener bajo el nivel intracelular de ROS. En estas condiciones, ROS inducen pérdida de viabilidad celular en patologías degenerativas de corazón y cerebro y promueven proliferación celular ilimitada en procesos tumorales. La alteración de la función mitocondrial juega un papel clave en la generación del estrés oxidativo y por tanto es una diana terapéutica preferente para evitar o aminorar los daños oxidativos producidos por ROS.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular regulator when they are generated under control in specific cell spots. They modify proteins function by cysteine reversible oxidation. There are protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors and ionic channels that are regulated by ROS. Oxidative stress and cell damage arise when the protection antioxidant mechanisms are unable to keep low the intracellular ROS level. Under these conditions, ROS induce cell viability loss in heart and brain degenerative pathologies and promote unlimited cell proliferation in tumor processes. Alteration of the mitochondrial function is a key player in the oxidative stress generation and therefore it is preferential therapeutic target for prevention or attenuation of the ROS-induced oxidative damage.
Helmintos gastrointestinales en liebres (Lepus granatensis) del sureste de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Alonso de Vega Francisco Domingo , Gonzálvez Moisés , Martínez-Carrasco Carlos , Gambín Pablo , Ruiz de Ybáñez María del Rocío
Published: December 2020

La liebre ibérica (Lepus granatensis) es un mamífero ubicuo en la península ibérica con importantes implicaciones ecológicas y económicas. Para conocer el estatus sanitario de esta especie, se han estudiado la cavidad abdominal y órganos del aparato digestivo de 85 liebres ibéricas procedentes del Altiplano de la Región de Murcia (sureste de España). La prevalencia total de helmintos hallada fue del 87,7%, siendo la prevalencia de nematodos del 82,2%, la de metacestodos del 44,7% y, en el caso de las formas adultas de cestodos, del 5,9%. Las especies de nematodos encontradas fueron Nematodiroides zembrae (78.8%), Passalurus ambiguus (9,4%) y Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (2,4%), en tanto que las especies de cestodos detectadas fueron Cittotaenia denticulata (5,9%) y Cysticercus pisiformis (44,7%). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la existencia de una relación positiva entre la intensidad de parasitación de N. zembrae y la presencia de C. pisiformis.

The abdominal cavity and digestive organs of 85 Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) from the Altiplano of the Region of Murcia (southeastern Spain) were studied. The overall prevalence of helminths was 87.7%, including nematodes (82.2% of prevalence), metacestodes (44.7%) and adult cestodes (5.9%). Three nematode species were found: Nematodiroides zembrae (78.8%), Passalurus ambiguus (9.4%) and Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (2.4%), while two cestode species were detected: Cittotaenia denticulata (5.9%) and Cysticercus pisiformis (44.7%). Our results show a positive relationship between N. zembrae intensity and the presence of C. pisiformis.
ARTE Y MITO: EL PODER FEMENINO-MASCULINO DE LA DIOSA EGIPCIA Y SU RELACIÓN LA DOBLE SEXUALIDAD PSÍQUICA DEL SER HUMANO.
Authors: León-Río Belen
Published: December 2020

La mitología egipcia refleja un complejo de oposiciones que se relaciona con el carácter bisexual del ser humano a través del poder femenino-masculino de las diosas de la antigüedad, traduciéndose en símbolos universales como la unión de los contrarios o el ser andrógino, símbolos vivos animados por su significado, donde la unión de lo masculino y lo femenino integran nuestra esencia más profunda.

Veremos qué significado tienen estos símbolos que aparecen en todas las tradiciones sagradas, en una búsqueda simbólica tanto interior como exterior y como elevarían nuestros patrones de pensamiento a un nivel arquetípico propiciando la penetración de la fuerza de la diosa en nuestra consciencia, intentando conocer a través de estos procesos las relaciones psicológicas que influyen en el ser humano, siendo su verdadero propósito el descubrimiento de una verdad más profunda, liberándonos de las limitaciones prácticas inmediatas y percibiendo lo mistérico a través de la sublimación del sexo.
Reseña de "Feminismes i traducció (1965-1990)"
Authors: Pérez Ramos Sandra
Published: December 2020

En Feminismes i Traducció (1965-1990), Pilar Godayol demuestra fehacientemente que la traducción se convirtió en un vector fundamental para promover la acción política que dio fuerza a la lucha feminista correspondiente a la segunda ola en Cataluña durante las etapas del tardofranquismo y el postfranquismo.
Reseña "De vidas y virus.VIH/sida en las culturas hispánicas"
Authors: Cabrera Castro Paula
Published: December 2020

Reseña del volumen monográfico "De vidas y virus.VIH/sida en las culturas hispánicas" (2019) publicado en la editorial Icaria. MUJERES Y CULTURAS. Ensayos sobre género y sexualidad. A través de 15 artículos académicos, nos adentraremos en las diversas representaciones del virus, tanto en las manifestaciones artísticas de España, como de Latinoamérica, a través de autores y textos escogidos.
COMPLEXITY OF THE WELL LIVING WEIGHTING BASED ON THE NOTIONS OF QUALITY OF LIFE, HEALTH, WELL-BEING, HAPPINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Alves Lidiane
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the notions of quality of life, well-being, happiness, health and sustainability to identify the associations between them. Therefore, they are discussed in a theoretical-conceptual way, as well as seeks to contextualize them empirically, in an objective and subjective way, in Uberlândia-MG. To achieve the goal, a bibliographic review is combined with analysis of primary and secondary datas. It is pointed out that despite the intrinsic relations and some overlaps between such notions, they differ. Sustainability presupposes a collective understanding, and, like health, it is fundamental in the objective dimension, but not only on that, conserning its strong interrelation with the quality of life. For happiness and quality of life, the dimension stands out, which presupposes understanding from the individual scale
THE LIMITS TO THE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC POWER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF MARAPANIM AND ITACAIÚNAS RIVER BASIN, STATE OF PARÁ
Authors: Cirillo Brenda , Almeida Oriana
Published: December 2020

River basin management is closely related to land use management planning, confirming the need to adjust municipal land management with water management. In the state of Pará, aspects such as territorial extension, poor intermunicipal organization, and relative qualitative and quantitative abundance of the resource, among others, are particularities that provide greater challenges to the implementation of water resources policies, which demonstrates the importance of acting on a local level. To identify how the municipal government acts in the management of water resources, at local and intercity level, in the state, and what is its relationship with the state management body, interviews were conducted at 19 municipal environmental secretariats located in the territory of two river basins: Marapanim and Itacaiúnas, both entirely located within the state. It was found the existence of both logistical and institutional limitations of the municipal government concerning environmental management, and also concerning the performance of the state government, as a political entity, in promoting the aspects of participation and decentralization of management.
Top Tips for Running a Virtual Advisory Board
Authors: Larkin Celine , Logan Deirdre G. , Anderson Melissa L.
Published: December 2020

In this tip sheet, the iSPARC Stakeholder Engagement Program offers advice on how to run an advisory council virtually. It also talks about some of the benefits of having your council meet virtually.
Insect bite like rash induced by bendamustine – A common presentation with an uncommon cause
Authors: Bhatia Shibani , Pai Ananth , Rao Raghavendra , Srinivas Srilatha Parampalli , Shetty Varsha M
Published: December 2020

Bendamustine has become a popular cancer chemotherapeutic agent in the last couple of years. It has replaced some traditional chemotherapy regimens due to its favorable side effect profile. Various cutaneous side effects have been noted following bendamustine usage. These cutaneous eruptions are to known to occur in 15-24% of patients. Benign cutaneous events include lichenoid drug eruptions, flagellate dermatoses and polymorphic papules and plaques in exposed areas. Rarely, severe adverse cutaneous reactions such as Steven Johnson syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. We report a case of a 48 year-old-female who developed an insect bite like rash after initiation of bendamustine for non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Dermatological patients in the Intensive Care Unit – a hospital record based retrospective study
Authors: Gupta Heena , Gupta Mrinal
Published: December 2020

Background: Various dermatological conditions can be life threatening and may require admission in the intensive care unit for monitoring and management. We carried out this study to assess the profile of dermatological admissions in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional retrospective study in which the records of all patients of various dermatological disorders admitted in the intensive care unit over a period of three years was studied and the clinical details were assessed. Results: Over a period of three years, a total of 16 patients (M:F 10:6), aged between 16-71 years (mean 46±2.31 years) were admitted with an underlying dermatological disorder. The most common condition requiring admission was Stevens Johnsons Syndrome (n=5), followed by Pemphigus vulgaris (n=4), erythroderma(n=2), pustular psoriasis, dermatomyositis, necrotizing faciitis, dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome and cutaneous lymphoma in 1 each. Interventions like mechanical ventilation were required in 2 patients, inotropic support in 2 patients, central venous line placement, renal replacement therapy and tracheostomy in one patient each. The mean duration of ICU stay was 14.2 days and mortality was the outcome in 2 patients of pemphigus vulgaris which was attributed to septicemia and shock. Conclusions: Dermatological disorders can cause significant morbidity and may require proper care in the intensive care unit. Timely initiation of intensive care can help in reducing the morbidity and preventing mortality.
Numerical simulation of graphene/Ag2ZnSnSe4 induced p-n junction solar cell
Authors: Xiao You-Peng , Wang Huai-Ping , Li Gang-Long ,   Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application, Ministry of Education, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China,   School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
Published: December 2020

Ag2ZnSnSe4 is an n-type semiconductor with a suitable bandgap of 1.4 eV. In the present study, a graphene/Ag2ZnSnSe4 induced p-n junction thin film solar cell is proposed and the physical mechanism and performance influencing factors of the solar cell are simulated and analyzed by using the wxAMPS software. The simulation results show that when a high work function graphene contacts an n-type Ag2ZnSnSe4 semiconductor, the energy band of the Ag2ZnSnSe4 absorber layer bends upward, meanwhile a p-type Ag2ZnSnSe4 inversion layer is induced on the surface of n-type Ag2ZnSnSe4, therefore the p-type Ag2ZnSnSe4 and n-type Ag2ZnSnSe4 form an induced p-n homojunction. It is found that the work function of graphene and back contact significantly influence the photogenerated carrier separation, transportation and collection. The graphene work function should be 5.5 eV and the work function of back contact should not be greater than 4.4 eV, which is beneficial to the improving of the device performance. The doping concentration of Ag2ZnSnSe4 absorber mainly affects the short-circuit current of the device, however, the defect density of Ag2ZnSnSe4 absorber affects the whole device performance. When the work function of graphene and back contact are 5.5 eV and 3.8 eV, the doping concentration and defect density of Ag2ZnSnSe4 absorber are 1016 cm–3 and 1014 cm–33, respectively, the conversion efficiency of the graphene/Ag2ZnSnSe4 induced p-n junction thin film solar cell can reach 23.42%. These simulation results provide the idea and physical explanation for designing a novel type of solar cell with high efficiency and low cost.
Optical fiber coupling of quantum dot single photon sources
Authors: Shang Xiang-Jun , Li Shu-Lun , Ma Ben , Chen Yao , He Xiao-Wu , Ni Hai-Qiao , Niu Zhi-Chuan ,   State Key Laborotory for Superlattices and Microsturctures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China,   Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Published: December 2020

Semiconductor quantum dot (QD) at low temperature will create excitons with sharp spectral lines for single photon emission. Optical fiber coupling avoids scanning for positioning and vibration influence in low-temperature confocal setup, and is a key technology in realizing the plug-play and componentization of QD single photon sources. For the fiber coupling techniques, the lateral coupling of a photonic crystal cavity or waveguide with a tapered fiber, or normal coupling of a QD chip with a tapered facet fiber in a large numerical aperture has been developed based on mask in a micro-region; however, the above techniques require multi-dimensional precise adjusting in order to avoid abnormally bending a soft fiber to realize alignment and high-efficiency coupling. Ceramic ferrule or silica V-shaped groove-mounted fiber has a large smooth facet and no bending; it can collect light in the normal direction by being aligned with bonding QD chip; V-shaped groove-mounted fiber array also enables a random adhesion and avoid scanning for alignment, which is simple in technique. This work is based on the previous realization of single photon output by random adhesion of few-pair DBR micropillar chip with V-shaped groove-mounted fiber array, and uses many-pair DBR cavity chip with theoretical simulation optimization to improve the normal light extraction and its fiber collection efficiency, and greatly improves the fiber output of single photon count rate.
Composing the North: A Musical Study of Identity, Transformation, and Reflection
Authors: Stanovic Adam
Published: December 2020

In 2015, occursus – a network of artists, researchers, and academics with an interest in space and spatialities in art – commissioned a series of musical compositions based on a small patch of land close to the centre of Sheffield, England. The land in question, which houses one of the world’s oldest cementation furnaces, has witnessed a remarkable period of transformation; initially standing among some 2,500 furnaces in the heart of the industrialised city centre, the national decline of steel production resulted in dereliction and for much of the past sixty years the furnace towered over wasteland. occursus acquired the land in 2012, and turned it into a community arts space, now known as Furnace Park. This article explains how a series of composers responded to this park through the creation of new musical works. Although most attention is directed to the author’s own work, Foundry Flux (2015), the primary focus of the article is on the collective approach to occursus’ objectives which, to the surprise of all of the commission-holders, focused their attention way beyond the tiny patch of land in the heart of Sheffield; the project became a catalyst for: 1) studying the identity of the city; 2) observing and initiating transformations of that identity; and 3) reflecting upon one’s own role within such identity transformations. In combining these three, those in the group found themselves engaged in a practical process of composing the north.
Music in the Dark: Soundscapes in Christiane Ritter’s A Woman in The Polar Night
Authors: Maxwell Kate
Published: December 2020

In A Woman in the Polar Night (Eine Frau erlebt die Polarnacht, 1938), Christiane Ritter, a well-to-do Austrian housewife, describes her experience as the first central European woman to overwinter on Svalbard (1934–35). Ritter’s prose is extraordinary in its lyrical simplicity, and in German editions the text is interspersed with her paintings of the scenes that at first were so alien and changing, yet became so familiar and loved.

Although stationed on the north coast of Svalbard with minimal human contact and without any recourse to the music with which Ritter had been surrounded in Austria, A Woman in the Polar Night is a text that is full of references to sound, natural sounds that are heightened by the absence of human music. This article offers a multimodal reading of Ritter’s depictions of the soundscapes of Svalbard in her memoir and shows how, 30 years before John Cage made the art world do it for 4 minutes and 33 seconds, Christiane Ritter spent 12 months listening to silence, and responding to it in words and paintings. In addition, the paper will also consider the silence of the text: what is not presented, but left to the reader’s imagination.
Pimitamon: Conceptualizing a New Canadian North through the Graphic Narratives of Jeff Lemire
Authors: Beard David , Moffatt John
Published: December 2020

In Essex County, in Secret Path (his collaboration with Gord Downie), in Roughneck, and in his creation of the indigenous Canadian superhero Equinox for Justice League United: Canada, Jeff Lemire highlights a vision of the Canadian ‘north’ as transformative space. In Lemire’s hands, ‘the north’ is where Chanie Wenjack’s historical reality (Secret Path), Derek and Beth Ouelette’s personal demons (Roughneck), and Miiyahbin Marten’s life as an ordinary indigenous teen in Moose Factory, Ontario (Justice League United Volume 1: Justice League Canada) all undergo a transformation which speaks to shifting perceptions of identity, responsibility, and belonging in Canada. The north becomes a site where Lemire (and Lemire’s readers) directly confront how even a deliberate act of intended reconciliation between settler-colonial and indigenous peoples can effectively colonize the space in which it occurs. All three works, in different ways, deploy rhetorical strategies to minimize the ‘collateral damage’ that is probably unavoidable, and even perhaps necessary, in the articulation of the kind of anticolonial dialogue toward which Lemire’s work is oriented.
Conceptualizing the North
Authors: Maxwell Kate , Mittner Lilli , Hammer Stien Hanne
Published: December 2020

In this article that opens and introduces the special issue Conceptualizing the North, we present our theoretical rationale behind the conceptualization(s) of the north presented both in our article and in the issue as a whole, as well as our approach to the co-creative peer review. Through new material feminist understanding of the north, we acknowledge our kin both past and present, and unfold a spectrum of possible understandings by looking at, reading through, hearing, experiencing, and sensing the north. Ultimately, the issue unites, rather than divides, scholarly and artistic approaches that simultaneously conceptualize and analyse the north.
Digitizing abdominal palpation with a pressure measurement and positioning device
Authors: Hsu Jia-Lien , Lee Chia-Hui , Hsieh Chung-Ho
Published: December 2020

An abdominal physical examination is one of the most important tools in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain. We focused on palpation, in which assessment is made according to the patient’s response and force feedback. Since palpation is performed manually by the examiner, the uniformity of force and location is difficult to achieve during examinations. We propose an integrated system to quantify palpation pressure and location. A force sensor continuously collects pressure data, while a camera locates the precise position of contact. The system recorded, displayed average and maximum pressure by creating a pressure/time curve for computer-aided diagnosis. Compared with previous work on pressure sensors of quantifying abdominal palpation, our proposed system is the integrated approach to measure palpation force and track the corresponding position at the same time, for further diagnosis. In addition, we only make use of a sensing device and a general web camera, rather than commercial algometry and infrared cameras used in the previous work. Based on our clinical trials, the statistics of palpation pressure values and the corresponding findings are also reported. We performed abdominal palpation with our system for twenty-three healthy participants, including fourteen males and nine females. We applied two grades of force on the abdomen (light and deep) by four-quadrant and nine-region schemes, record the value of pressure and location. In the four-quadrant scheme, the average pressures of abdominal palpation with light and deep force levels were 0.506(N) and 0.552(N), respectively. In the nine-region scheme, the average pressures were 0.496(N) and 0.577(N), respectively. Two episodes of contact dermal reaction were identified. According to our experiment statistics, there is no significant difference in the force level between the four-quadrant and nine-region scheme. Our results have the potential to be used as a reference guide while designing digital abdominal palpation devices.
Detailed Balance Broken by Catch Bond Kinetics Enables Mechanical‐Adaptation in Active Materials
Authors: Tabatabai Alan Pasha , Seara Daniel S. , Tibbs Joseph , Yadav Vikrant , Linsmeier Ian , Murrell Michael P.
Published: December 2020

Unlike nearly all engineered materials which contain bonds that weaken under load, biological materials contain “catch” bonds which are reinforced under load. Consequently, materials, such as the cell cytoskeleton, can adapt their mechanical properties in response to their state of internal, non‐equilibrium (active) stress. However, how large‐scale material properties vary with the distance from equilibrium is unknown, as are the relative roles of active stress and binding kinetics in establishing this distance. Through course‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, the effect of breaking of detailed balance by catch bonds on the accumulation and dissipation of energy within a model of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is explored. It is found that the extent to which detailed balance is broken uniquely determines a large‐scale fluid‐solid transition with characteristic time‐reversal symmetries. The transition depends critically on the strength of the catch bond, suggesting that active stress is necessary but insufficient to mount an adaptive mechanical response.
Ternary Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment by Heparanase‐Sensitive Micelle‐Loaded Monocytes Improves Chemo‐Immunotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Lang Tianqun , Zheng Zhong , Huang Xin , Liu Yiran , Zhai Yihui , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping , Yin Qi
Published: December 2020

Tumor immunotherapy approaches such as programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) checkpoint blockade and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition are proven to promote immune response against tumors. Unfortunately, their positive response rates are unsatisfactory due to complicated immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which can probably be rescued by integrating multiple immunoregulators and chemotherapeutic agents together. To improve the combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer, a ternary heparanase (Hpa)‐sensitive micelle‐loaded monocyte delivery system, termed as HDNH@MC, is designed, exploiting the capacity of Ly6Chi monocytes to be recruited to tumor sites and the overexpression of Hpa in tumors. The prodrugs of the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel and IDO inhibitor NLG919 are synthesized by conjugating them on the substrate of Hpa, heparan sulfate. Then the PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor HY19991‐encapsulating prodrug micelle@Ly6Chi monocyte system is prepared. HNDH@MC elevates drug concentrations and relieves immunosuppression in tumors of 4T1 breast carcinomas mice model, thus enhancing the infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells and presenting significant anti‐cancer effect. The lung metastasis is suppressed and the survival of mice is prolonged. HNDH@MC will be a promising option for treating metastatic breast cancer by synergy of tumor‐targeting chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
In Operando Modulation of Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions Comprising Reconfigurable Molecular Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Qiu Xinkai , Rousseva Sylvia , Ye Gang , Hummelen Jan C. , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: December 2020

The reconfiguration of molecular tunneling junctions during operation via the self‐assembly of bilayers of glycol ethers is described. Well‐established functional groups are used to modulate the magnitude and direction of rectification in assembled tunneling junctions by exposing them to solutions containing different glycol ethers. Variable‐temperature measurements confirm that rectification occurs by the expected bias‐dependent tunneling–hopping mechanism for these functional groups and that glycol ethers, besides being an unusually efficient tunneling medium, behave similarly to alkanes. Memory bits are fabricated from crossbar junctions prepared by injecting eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn) into microfluidic channels. The states of two 8‐bit registers were set by trains of droplets such that they are able to perform logical AND operations on bit strings encoded into chemical packets that alter the composition of the crossbar junctions through self‐assembly to effect memristor‐like properties. This proof‐of‐concept work demonstrates the potential for fieldable devices based on molecular tunneling junctions comprising self‐assembled monolayers and bilayers.
Interspecific crosses between domestic and wild barley and embryo rescue to overcome sexual incompatibilities
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah H. , Morrison Jesse I. , Baldwin Brian S.
Published: December 2020

Increased salinity from irrigation and poor drainage has led to reduced production in semi‐arid and arid irrigated areas of the world. The narrow genetic variation among domestic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes slows progress in developing varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. A wild barley relative (H. bulbosum L.) is a genetic resource with tolerance to multiple stress conditions, especially salinity. New germplasm added to the USDA barley collection allows novel breeding opportunities. However, crosses between these species require embryo rescue. Crosses were made between diploid and tetraploidized domestic barley ♀ and tetraploid bulbous barley ♂. Immature embryos were rescued and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Gamborg's B‐5 (B‐5) media (no plant growth regulators, PGRs). Analysis of variance of families showed significant effects for the genotype × medium interactions, indicating each genotype responded to each medium type independently. Significant effects were observed for some traits due to both genotype and medium; and significant effects between media for some traits were observed indicating that those traits were affected by media type. Murashige and Skoog was found to be the better medium for most crosses compared to B‐5. Generally, results from this study indicated that it is difficult to draw broad conclusions about the most suitable medium composition for a broad spectrum of genotypes due to individual genotypes responding differently to the media type. Subsequent manuscripts by these authors will address the success of fertile crossed  progeny.
Agronomic performance of pearl millet genotypes under variable phosphorus, water, and environmental regimes
Authors: Halilou Oumarou , Assefa Yared , Falalou Hamidou , Abdou Harou , Achirou Bacharou F. , Karami Sadissou M. A. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Published: December 2020

Water and P deficiency can significantly limit pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] productivity and response to N application in the arid and semi‐arid regions of Africa. The objectives of this research were to quantify the responses of improved pearl millet genotypes and a landrace to contrasting rainfall gradient and P deficient soil conditions across different locations in Niger. The study was conducted at four locations: (a) Tara, (b) the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) research station at Sadoré, (c) Maradi, and (d) Araourayé, Niger, during 2015 and 2016 rainy seasons. Results of the study indicated that the effect of P fertilizer application on shoot weight, panicle weight, grain yield, and harvest index was different by environment (year × location). As high as 113% straw yield, 72% panicle weight, and 100% grain yield advantage was obtained with P application over low P in favorable environments. Across all genotypes and in both P treatments, irrigation had a consistent effect on the agronomic performance. On average, there was significantly greater straw yield (629 vs. 492 g m–2), panicle weight (472 vs. 229 g m–2), grain yield (257 vs. 122 g m–2), and harvest index (0.25 vs. 0.15) in the irrigated site compared with rainfed sites. Among the tested genotypes, Mil de Siaka showed relatively consistent performance in irrigated, water deficit, and P deficient conditions, emerging as an ideal candidate for inclusion into pearl millet breeding programs, aimed toward developing multi‐stress tolerant pearl millet varieties.
Experimental investigation and statistical analysis of additively manufactured onyx‐carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Piramanayagam Sethu Ramalingam , Kalimuthu Mayandi , Nagarajan Rajini , Abdul Karim Sait Abdul Munaf , Krishnamoorthy Rajesh Kanna , Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi , Siengchin Suchart , Mohammad Faruq , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A.
Published: December 2020

Availability of additive manufacturing has influenced the scientific community to improve on production and versatility of the components created with several associated technologies. Adding multiple substances through superimposing levels is considered as a part of three‐dimensional (3D) printing innovations to produce required products. These technologies are experiencing an increase in development nowadays. It requires frequently adding substance and has capacity to fabricate extremely complex geometrical shapes. However, the fundamental issues with this advancement include alteration of capacity to create special products with usefulness and properties at an economically viable price. In this study, significant procedural parameters: layer designs/ patterns (hexagonal, rectangular and triangular) and infill densities (30%, 40%, and 50%) were considered to investigate into their effects on mechanical behaviors off fused deposition modeling or 3D‐printed onyx‐carbon fiber reinforced composite specimens, using a high‐end 3D printing machine. Mechanical (tensile and impact) properties of the printed specimens were conclusively analyzed. From the results obtained, it was observed that better qualities were achieved with an increased infill density, and rectangular‐shaped design exhibited an optimum or maximum tensile strength and energy absorption rate, when compared with other counterparts. The measurable relapse conditions were viably evolved to anticipate the real mechanical qualities with an accuracy of 96.4%. In comparison with other patterns, this was more closely predicted in the rectangular design, using regression models. The modeled linear regression helps to define the association of two dependent variables linked with properties of the dissimilar composite material natures. The models can further predict response of the quantities before and also guide practical applications.
Reactions of ClF3 with Main Group and Transition Metal Oxides: Access to Dioxychloronium(V) Fluoridometallates and Oxidofluoridometallates
Authors: Scheibe Benjamin , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: December 2020

Compounds containing the dioxychloronium cation, [ClO2]+, were obtained from reactions of ClF3 with various oxides such as TiO2, MoO3, Re2O7, SnO, P2O5, As2O5, and Nb metal, as the latter contained oxide as an impurity. Partial hydrolysis of [ClF2][IrF6] led to the formation of [ClO2][IrF6]. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which showed that depending on the starting material [ClO2]+ salts with the fluoridometallate anions [TiF3/2F3/1]2]−, [Nb3F16]−, [IrF6]−, [SnF2/2F4/1]− [PF6]−, and [AsF6]−, or with the oxidofluoridometallate anions [Mo3O3F13]− and [Re3O6F10]−, were obtained. Bent [ClO2]+ cations with short Cl ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ μ−F contacts of surrounding F atoms of the anions with the Cl atom are present in the crystal structures, leading to coordination numbers of 2+4 or 2+6 for the Cl atom. Various structural motifs are observed, which range from molecular, columnar, ladder‐like, to layer and framework structures. The salts were furthermore characterized by Raman spectroscopy and solid‐state quantum‐chemical calculations. Covalent Cl−O bonds and ionic Cl ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ μ−F interactions are indicated by the calculations.
Metal Free Phosphorus Butterfly Compounds
Authors: Scalambra Franco , Romerosa Antonio
Published: December 2020

Metal‐free organophosphorus are demanded compounds due to their interesting properties in a variety of applications, spanning from fine to material chemistry. Unfortunately, their synthesis is very challenging, requiring a precise design of the reaction conditions to avoid the conspicuous formation of undesired products. The P‐butterfly scaffold is considered the very first opening step of the white phosphorus tetrahedron upon selective cleavage of just one P−P bond. While the synthesis of metal‐containing P‐butterflies is nowadays reproducible with a variety of transition metal complexes, the metal‐free analogues are still elusive and just a limited number of examples is described in the literature. The state of art on known metal‐free phosphorus butterfly compounds is described herein.
Efficacy of targeted screening and proactive management for placenta accreta spectrum disorder in routine clinical settings
Authors: Lo Tsz‐Kin , Mok Sau‐Lan , So Chun‐Hong , Cheng Lik‐Fai
Published: December 2020

The present study supports screening of pregnancies with cesarean scar for PASD in routine clinical settings. Managing false‐positive cases as PASD is justified.
Ion‐exchange resin and denitrification pretreatment for determining δ15N‐NH4+, δ15N‐NO3−, and δ18O‐NO3− values
Authors: Kawashima Hiroto , Yoshida Otoha , Suto Nana
Published: December 2020

Rationale

There has never been a highly sensitive method for simultaneously measuring the δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate ions (NO3−) and the δ15N values of ammonium ions (NH4+) in particulate matter using denitrifying bacteria. In this study, we explored a method that combines use of an anion‐exchange resin and denitrifying bacteria to make such measurements.

Methods

The δ15N‐NH4+ values of samples obtained using the hypobromite and denitrifying bacteria method were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Tests (effect of flow rate, breakthrough, and acid concentration) were conducted to verify the removal of NO3− using an AG1‐X8 anion‐exchange resin for NH4+ measurements and the enrichment of NO3−. For aerosol samples, the optimized method was used to measure the δ15N‐NO3−, δ18O‐NO3−, and δ15N‐NH4+ values of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm).

Results

The δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values measured following extraction with 1–6 mol/L HCl, at sample flow rates of 1–2 mL/min, with total anion amounts of less than 2.2 mmol, and in concentration tests were found to be in very close agreement with reagent values. The precisions and the accuracies of the δ15N‐NH4+ and δ15N‐NO3− values were in all cases less than 1‰. In addition, the accuracies for the δ18O‐NO3− values were less than 1.4‰ and generally acceptable. The δ15N‐NH4+, δ15N‐NO3−, and δ18O‐NO3− values in six PM2.5 samples were similar to those reported in previous studies.

Conclusions

Our proposed method for removing anions using AG1‐X8 resin, for isotopic analysis using denitrifying bacteria, and for concentrating samples containing low concentrations of NO3− will make it possible to perform high‐precision and accurate analyses easily and inexpensively. These methods are applicable not only to aerosols, but also to samples from diverse locations such as rivers, oceans, and Antarctica.
Qualitative analysis on chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Man‐Qian , Hu Xue‐Yu , Wang Yan‐Zhi , Zhang Xiao‐Juan , Li Jian‐Peng , Song Zhi‐Min , Liu Yu‐Fei , Feng Wei‐Sheng
Published: December 2020

Rationale

Ginger pulp is the dried rhizome scraped off the skin which originates from Zingiber officinale Rosc., a Zingiberaceae plant. Ginger peel is the dried rhizome skin of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). The present work aims to investigate the different chemical constituents that are related to the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel.

Methods

A rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative analysis of the constituents in different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes.

Results

A total of 83 compounds were identified from the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes, including 36 diarylheptanoids, 25 gingerols and 22 other compounds. Nine of these were new compounds. In total, 46, 27, 65 and 51 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol fractions of the ginger pulp, respectively, and 60, 30, 70 and 62 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol fractions of the ginger peel, respectively. Each identified compound is marked on the corresponding chromatogram.

Conclusions

The integrated method is sensitive and reliable for searching the different chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. This work may provide a significant contribution to research into the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel.
Family history of type 2 diabetes and characteristics of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors:   The Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, Parkkola Anna , Turtinen Maaret , Härkönen Taina , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael
Published: December 2020

Aims/hypothesis

Shared aetiopathogenetic factors have been proposed in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and both diseases have been shown to cluster in families. Characteristics related to type 2 diabetes have been described in patients with type 1 diabetes with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes. We wanted to characterise the family history of type 2 diabetes and its possible effects on the phenotype and genotype of type 1 diabetes in affected children at diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 4993 children under the age of 15 years with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register were recruited (56.6% boys, median age of 8.2 years) for a cross-sectional, observational, population-based investigation. The family history of diabetes at diagnosis was determined by a structured questionnaire, and markers of metabolic derangement, autoantibodies and HLA class II genetics at diagnosis were analysed.

Results

Two per cent of the children had an immediate family member and 36% had grandparents with type 2 diabetes. Fathers and grandfathers were affected by type 2 diabetes more often than mothers and grandmothers. The children with a positive family history for type 2 diabetes were older at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (p < 0.001), had higher BMI-for-age (p = 0.01) and more often tested negative for all diabetes-related autoantibodies (p = 0.02).

Conclusions/interpretation

Features associated with type 2 diabetes, such as higher body weight, older age at diagnosis and autoantibody negativity, are more frequently already present at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Koexistente septische Arthritis und Spondylodiszitis als wichtige Differenzialdiagnose bei immunsupprimierten Patienten
Authors: Pfahler S. , Pflugmacher R. , Karakostas P. , Dabir D. , Schäfer V. S.
Published: December 2020

Die septische Arthritis und Spondylodiszitis stellen bei immunsupprimierten Patienten eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose des Gelenk- oder Wirbelsäulenschmerzes dar. Hierbei kommt es zu einem Erregerbefall eines Gelenks bzw. einer Bandscheibe und angrenzender Wirbelkörper. Es zeigen sich meist unspezifische Symptome wie lokaler Gelenk- oder Rückenschmerz, Fieber und verringerter Allgemeinzustand. Diagnostisch kann bei klinischem Verdacht die bakterielle Besiedelung durch eine Gelenkpunktion und Blutkulturen nachgewiesen werden. Zur Diagnosefindung einer Spondylodiszitis sollte eine bildmorphologische Darstellung mittels Magnetresonanztomographie erfolgen. Neben einer adäquaten Schmerztherapie und empirischer antibiotischer Therapie sollte bei einer septischen Arthritis die chirurgische Entfernung des infektiösen Materials aus dem Gelenk angestrebt werden. Eine chirurgische Versorgung der Spondylodiszitis sollte bei auftretenden Komplikationen erfolgen. Die folgende Kasuistik stellt den gleichzeitigen Befund einer septischen Polyarthritis und Spondylodiszitis bei einem immunsupprimierten Patienten mit HIV-Infektion vor und zeigt eindrücklich das Auftreten von Komplikationen bei Verzögerung einer adäquaten Therapie.
Beyond acts and omissions: remark-able criminal conduct
Authors: Dsouza Mark
Published: December 2020

I argue that instead of analysing a criminal offence's conduct element in terms of acts and omissions, we should ask whether the defendant has belied a contextually salient expectation as to how she should, or routinely would, conduct herself. Slightly different sets of expectations are salient depending on whether our interest is in questions of criminalisation, or the proper interpretation of existing offences, but the criminal law is normally interested only in conduct-tokens that belie a relevant expectation. Belying such an expectation need not itself suggest culpability, but it does mark out the conduct as remark-able, in the sense of being ‘worthy of remark’.

I argue that this ‘Remark-able Conduct Requirement’ (RCR) analysis helps us narrow the field of conduct-tokens that are normatively appropriate candidates for criminalisation, and when adapted for use in interpreting existing offences it: (a) generates familiar and plausible liability outcomes; (b) simplifies the application of the law; (c) offers a principled argument to limit the scope of offences drafted in overly broad terms, by excluding innocuous doings from potential criminal liability; and (d) suggests ways to make progress on philosophical puzzles about how we should conduct ourselves.