bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-release survival of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) incidentally hooked in a North Atlantic pelagic longline fishery
Authors: James Michael C. , Hall Kelly E. , Bond Emily P. , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Plot Virginie
Published: September 2024

Estimating mortality of sea turtles incidentally captured in fishing gear is essential to understanding fishery impacts on sea turtle populations. Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) are a component of bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries, including those operating in Atlantic Canada. In this study, we used pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 62 loggerhead turtles incidentally hooked in Atlantic Canadian shallow-set pelagic longline gear (2012–2018) to estimate associated post-release survival. Consistent with conventional fishing practices, hooks were not removed from turtles prior to release. Analysis of diving behaviour, ocean temperature, and ambient light level was used to assign fates to turtles. Post-release survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator with right censoring. Based on this method, the annual survival probability of an individual loggerhead post-release is 0.877 ± SE 0.052. While it is commonly assumed that hook location is an important variable in predicting fates of turtles after release, there was no difference in survival of deep-hooked (swallowed hook) versus shallow-hooked turtles. These results indicate higher survivorship among hooked loggerheads captured in shallow-set pelagic longline gear than prevailing wisdom and suggest that at least some of the population impacts on loggerhead turtles conventionally attributed to pelagic longline interactions may be linked to other threats.
Case report: A suspected case of chronic pulmonary sparganosis characterized by migrating cavities and tunnel sign
Authors: Niu Zhongfeng , Chen Lujiao , Zhang Yanhua , Zhao Li
Published: September 2024

A 20-year-old male patient with a 15-month history of recurrent cough and hemoptysis presented at our hospital with suspected pulmonary sparganosis. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed migratory and variable lesions ranging from patchy shadows to nodular and cavernous foci. Additionally, the location and morphology of the cavities changed rapidly. The patient’s peripheral blood eosinophil count remained within the normal range throughout the course of the infection, and antibiotics (moxifloxacin) alleviated the symptoms. At the early stage of admission, there was a slight increase in neutrophil and basophil counts. Initial treatment with a standard dose of praziquantel led to a significant improvement in symptoms, but the symptoms soon relapsed. However, doubling the dose 4 months later eventually cured the disease. The migratory nature of the CT lesion and the presence of tunnel signs were key to diagnosing a parasitic infection. The variability and rapid changes in the lesion further facilitated the differentiation of the disease, which rarely manifests as a granulomatous cavity.
Target-based deep learning network surveillance of non-contrast computed tomography for small infarct core of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Qu Hang , Tang Hui , Gao Dong-yang , Li Yong-xin , Zhao Yi , Ban Qi-qi , Chen Yu-Chen , Lu Lu , Wang Wei
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Rapid diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is critical to achieve positive outcomes and prognosis. This study aimed to construct a model to automatically identify the infarct core based on non-contrast-enhanced CT images, especially for small infarcts.

Methods

The baseline CT scans of AIS patients, who had DWI scans obtained within less than 2 h apart, were included in this retrospective study. A modified Target-based deep learning model of YOLOv5 was developed to detect infarctions on CT. Randomly selected CT images were used for testing and evaluated by neuroradiologists and the model, using the DWI as a reference standard. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa were calculated to assess the agreement. The paired chi-square test was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of physician groups and automated models in subregions. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Five hundred and eighty four AIS patients were enrolled in total, finally 275 cases were eligible. Modified YOLOv5 perform better with increased precision (0.82), recall (0.81) and mean average precision (0.79) than original YOLOv5. Model showed higher consistency to the DWI-ASPECTS scores (ICC = 0.669, κ = 0.447) than neuroradiologists (ICC = 0.452, κ = 0.247). The sensitivity (75.86% vs. 63.79%), specificity (98.87% vs. 95.02%), and accuracy (96.20% vs. 91.40%) were better than neuroradiologists. Automatic model had better diagnostic efficacy than physician diagnosis in the M6 region (p = 0.039).

Conclusion

The deep learning model was able to detect small infarct core on CT images more accurately. It provided the infarct portion and extent, which is valuable in assessing the severity of disease and guiding treatment procedures.
The glucocorticoid dose-mortality nexus in pneumonia patients: unveiling the threshold effect
Authors: Wang Saibin , Ye Qian
Published: September 2024

Background

The impact of glucocorticoid use on mortality risk in pneumonia patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the accumulated dose of glucocorticoids (ADG) and secondary pneumonia mortality risk among patients receiving oral or intravenous glucocorticoids.

Methods

Data from the DRYAD database were analyzed, covering pneumonia patients from six academic hospitals over a 5-year period who had been administered oral or intravenous glucocorticoids. Piecewise linear regression and multivariate regression analysis were utilized to assess the association between ADG and mortality risk in pneumonia patients, while adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Among the 628 pneumonia patients included, the 30-day mortality rate was 23.1% and the 90-day mortality rate was 26.4%. In the high-dose glucocorticoid group (≥24 mg/day of methylprednisolone or an equivalent glucocorticoid within 30 days before admission), the 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 31.2% and 35.9%, respectively. Piecewise linear regression analysis demonstrated a non-linear relationship between ADG and mortality risk in pneumonia patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significantly lower mortality risk in patients receiving an ADG of 20–39 g methylprednisolone compared to those receiving lower (<20 g) or higher doses (≥40 g), after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, in the high-dose glucocorticoid group, surpassing the inflection point of 20 g of methylprednisolone raised the 30-day and 90-day mortality risks (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.03–1.30 and 1.23, 1.07–1.42, respectively). Notably, this threshold effect was observed exclusively in male patients.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence supporting a potential threshold effect between ADG and mortality risk in oral or intravenous glucocorticoid users with secondary pneumonia. Specifically, male patients receiving high-dose glucocorticoids should undergo close monitoring when the ADG of methylprednisolone exceeds 20 g, as it may be associated with an elevated risk of mortality.
Effect of potassium fulvate on continuous tobacco cropping soils and crop growth
Authors: Jiao Yingle , Chen Qian , Guo Xiaomeng , Li Hongliang , Chen Xuwei , Men Kuifu , Liu Xiaochen , Shang Xianchao , Gao Yun , Zhang Li , Yang Long , Hou Xin
Published: September 2024

Long-term continuous cropping of tobacco causes dysbiosis of soil microbial communities, the imbalance of soil nutrients, and the increase of pathogenic bacteria, which will slow the growth and development of tobacco plants, reduce the production quality, and cause significant losses to tobacco production and tobacco farmers. The application of Potassium fulvic acid can not only provide nutrients, but also inhibit the propagation of pathogens in soil along with raising the amount of organic matter in the soil, which is an effective way to improve soil health. In this experiment, Tobacco variety SNT60 was used as the test material, and 6 treatments were set up by pot test, they were: no fertilisation control group (CK), tobacco special fertiliser (NPK), 3.45 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T1), 4.65 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T2), 5.85 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T3), 7.05 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T4), Ten replications were set up for each treatment and the soil and fertiliser were mixed and potted before transplanting, 70% as basal fertiliser and 30% as supplementary fertiliser. We also analyzed soil properties, soil microorganisms and agronomic traits of tobacco plants in different treatments to provide reference for mitigating tobacco succession barrier. The test results are as follows: 4.65 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T2) treatment was the best, soil organic matter, quick nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, soil catalase, soil sucrase, and soil urease content, compared to CK control, increased by 22.04%, 43.12%, 96.21%, 381.79%, 25.43%, 91.69%, 262.07% and 93.16%. In terms of microbial community, application of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycetes, Chlorobacterium, Bacillus, Proteobacteria and Tephritobacterium in the soil. Meanwhile, 4.65 g/kg of potassium fulvic acid fertiliser (T2) promoted the growth of tobacco plants, improved leaf photosynthetic capacity, and enhanced plant disease resistance. This experiment provides practical measures to improve the microbial community of tobacco continuous cropping soils and to reduce the incidence of diseases.
Perinatal continuity of care for mothers with depressive symptoms: perspectives of mothers and clinicians
Authors: Barr Karlen R. , Nguyen Trisha A. , Pickup Wendy , Cibralic Sara , Mendoza Diaz Antonio , Barnett Bryanne , Eapen Valsamma
Published: September 2024

Background

Mothers with mild to moderate depression in pregnancy are at risk of developing postpartum depression. Midwife-led continuity of care may support maternal mental health throughout the perinatal period. Research is needed to better understand how continuity of care may support mothers experiencing depression in pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of mothers with mild to moderate depression and clinicians regarding continuity of care in the perinatal period.

Method

Fourteen mothers and clinicians participated in individual interviews or a focus group. Analysis was conducted using inductive reflexive thematic analysis with a constructivist orientation.

Results

From the perspectives of mothers and clinicians, continuity of care during the antenatal period benefitted mothers’ mental health by providing connection and rapport, information about pregnancy and referral options, and reassurance about whether pregnancy symptoms were normal. The experience of seeing multiple clinicians was noted by mothers to increase distress while participants discussed the value of extending continuity of care into the postpartum period, including having someone familiar checking in on them. The importance of having a second opinion and not always relying on a single provider during pregnancy was highlighted by some mothers and clinicians. Mothers also described how multiple modes of communication with a midwife can be helpful, including the ease and accessibility of text or email.

Conclusion

Mothers and clinicians perceived benefits of continuity of care for maternal mental health. Offering midwife-led continuity of care to mothers with mild to moderate depression during the perinatal period is recommended.
Retrospective analysis of immediate and long-term results of NOSES technique and conventional laparoscopic-assisted resection in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Malev Sergei , Zhang Hao , Yuan Ziming , Tang Qingchao , Wang Guiyu , Oganezov Giorgi , Huang Rui , Wang Xishan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The aim of research was to study the feasibility and safety of surgery providing specimen extraction through natural orifices in patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods

This study is a comparative retrospective analysis of findings obtained from 265 patients who underwent surgical treatment using NOSES technique and 275 patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted (LA) resection. Data included preoperative patients’ information, intraoperative findings, results of postoperative pathological examination of surgical specimens, early postoperative period analysis, and follow-up.

Results

Both groups were comparable in terms of gender, age and BMI. The duration of surgery was similar in both groups (p = 0.94). Intraoperative blood loss under NOSES interventions was slightly lower than in laparoscopic-assisted surgeries (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes removed and anal function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). It was revealed that in the NOSES group, the function of the gastrointestinal tract normalized at an earlier time, slightly the time to start liquid food intake and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were reduced (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference between groups was found in complications, such as pneumonia (p = 0.03). The absolute number of complications was observed more often in the LA surgery group (10.4%) than in the NOSES group (5.8%). Local recurrence was less common in the NOSES group (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in disease progression (p = 0.16). When analyzing disease-free and overall survival rate in this study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of their effect on postoperative survival (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that NOSES technique is a relatively safe and effective surgical option in patients with colorectal cancer. It has high surgical efficiency providing no increased risk of surgical intervention, reducing total number of postoperative complications, reducing duration of postoperative hospital stay, reducing the time for gastrointestinal function recovery and the start of food intake. This study supports that NOSES has clear advantages over conventional laparoscopic-assisted surgery.
Advancements in Optimization: Critical Analysis of Evolutionary, Swarm, and Behavior-Based Algorithms
Authors: Rashed Noor A. , Ali Yossra H. , Rashid Tarik A.
Published: September 2024

The research work on optimization has witnessed significant growth in the past few years, particularly within multi- and single-objective optimization algorithm areas. This study provides a comprehensive overview and critical evaluation of a wide range of optimization algorithms from conventional methods to innovative metaheuristic techniques. The methods used for analysis include bibliometric analysis, keyword analysis, and content analysis, focusing on studies from the period 2000–2023. Databases such as IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect were extensively utilized. Our analysis reveals that while traditional algorithms like evolutionary optimization (EO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) remain popular, newer methods like the fitness-dependent optimizer (FDO) and learner performance-based behavior (LPBB) are gaining attraction due to their adaptability and efficiency. The main conclusion emphasizes the importance of algorithmic diversity, benchmarking standards, and performance evaluation metrics, highlighting future research paths including the exploration of hybrid algorithms, use of domain-specific knowledge, and addressing scalability issues in multi-objective optimization.
Driveway Detection for Weed Management in Cassava Plantation Fields in Thailand Using Ground Imagery Datasets and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Opasatian Ithiphat , Ahamed Tofael
Published: September 2024

Weeds reduce cassava root yields and infest furrow areas quickly. The use of mechanical weeders has been introduced in Thailand; however, manually aligning the weeders with each planting row and at headland turns is still challenging. It is critical to clear weeds on furrow slopes and driveways via mechanical weeders. Automation can support this difficult work for weed management via driveway detection. In this context, deep learning algorithms have the potential to train models to detect driveways through furrow image segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop an image segmentation model for automated weed control operations in cassava plantation fields. To achieve this, image datasets were obtained from various fields to aid weed detection models in automated weed management. Three models—Mask R-CNN, YOLACT, and YOLOv8n-seg—were used to construct the image segmentation model, and they were evaluated according to their precision, recall, and FPS. The results show that YOLOv8n-seg achieved the highest accuracy and FPS (114.94 FPS); however, it experienced issues with frame segmentation during video testing. In contrast, YOLACT had no segmentation issues in the video tests (23.45 FPS), indicating its potential for driveway segmentation in cassava plantations. In summary, image segmentation for detecting driveways can improve weed management in cassava fields, and the further automation of low-cost mechanical weeders in tropical climates can be performed based on the YOLACT algorithm.
Relationship between Family Variables and Career Adaptability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuoxi , Dong Wei
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to examine the relationship between family variables (i.e., family support, family SES, parental career-related behavior (PCB) support, PCB interference, and a PCB lack of engagement) and career adaptability through a meta-analysis. A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using research databases. Twenty-four quantitative studies were yielded from 1684 records on the association between family variables and CA that were published between 1981 and 2024. Two researchers conducted data extraction independently, following coding standards. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 was used in this study. The result showed that PCB support demonstrated a moderately significant correlation with CA and the largest effect size (r = 0.325). A non-significant result was found only for the correlation between PCB interference and CA. Except for gender, the moderating effects of region, age, CA measure, and publication year were found in the relationship between some family variables and CA. One limitation is the restricted range of the samples due to few studies investigating samples from regions other than Asia. The findings can highlight future directions for family studies and career research and hold practical implications for institutes, companies, and communities related to career development. This study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/76HNQ).
Prognostic Value of Performance Status, Albumin, and CRP in Last-Line Chemotherapy for Pancreatic vs. Other Gastrointestinal Cancers—Simple Tools Matter
Authors: Westgaard Arne , Pirnat Aleksandra , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen , Aass Nina , Kaasa Stein , Dajani Olav Faisal
Published: September 2024

Patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers often receive chemotherapy near the end of life (EoL), raising concerns about overtreatment. The PALLiON trial, a cluster-randomized trial, assessed the impact of a complex intervention on frequency of EoL treatment; the intervention involved palliative care referrals and the use of PROMs. The present secondary analysis evaluated the prognostic value of baseline performance status (PS), albumin (alb), C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) for overall survival, comparing pancreatic (PAN, n = 189) vs. other gastrointestinal cancer patients (GI, n = 286). Baseline PS, alb, CRP, mGPS (modified Glasgow prognostic score), and BMI were analyzed using Cox regression. Adjusted for age, sex, and hospital size, PS ≥ 2 and alb < 35 g/L predicted shorter survival in both PAN and GI cancers, while CRP > 10 predicted shorter survival only in GI cancers. In PAN, PS ≥ 2 predicted a 78.4% higher probability of shorter survival, and mGPS 2 predicted a 68.7% higher probability. In GI, mGPS 2 predicted a 70.8% higher probability, whereas PS was not significant. BMI did not improve predictive models. PS ≥ 2 and low albumin are strong predictors of short survival in PAN, whereas increased CRP and low albumin (mGPS 2) are predictors in GI.
Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with Total Thyroidectomy Alone
Authors: Matrone Antonio , Faranda Alessio , Torregrossa Liborio , Gambale Carla , Minaldi Elisa , Prete Alessandro , De Napoli Luigi , Rossi Leonardo , Agate Laura , Cappagli Virginia , Puleo Luciana , Molinaro Eleonora , Materazzi Gabriele , Elisei Rossella
Published: September 2024

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), mainly papillary (PTC), at low risk of recurrence is currently managed with active surveillance strategies or less aggressive surgeries. However, total thyroidectomy with 131I treatment is still performed both if these tumors are diagnosed before or occasionally after surgery. This real-life study aimed to evaluate the rate of biochemical, structural, and functional events in a large series of consecutive DTCs at low risk of recurrence treated by total thyroidectomy, but not with 131I, in a medium–long-term follow-up. Patients and Methods: We evaluated clinical–pathologic data of 383 consecutive patients (2006–2012) with unifocal DTC [T1a/b(s)] at low risk of recurrence, treated with total thyroidectomy but without lymph node dissection and 131I treatment after surgery. We evaluated if structural, biochemical, and functional events were detected during the follow-up. Results: Females accounted for 75.7% of our study group, and the median age was 50 years. The median tumor dimension was 0.4 cm (range 0.1–1.2). Most of the patients had a unifocal T1a tumor (98.9%), and 73.6% had a classic variant of PTC. We divided the patients according to the absence (group A—n = 276) or presence (group B—n = 107) of interfering TgAb at first control after surgery. After a median follow-up of 10 years, no structural events were detected. Sixteen out of three hundred and eighty-three (4.2%) patients developed biochemical events: 12/276 (4.3%) in group A and 4/107 (3.7%) in group B. The median time elapsed from surgery to detecting a biochemical event was 14.5 and 77.5 months in groups A and B, respectively. No patients performed additional treatments and were followed up with an active surveillance strategy. Conclusions: This study confirmed that patients with DTC at low risk of recurrence showed an excellent outcome in a medium long-term follow-up since no structural events were diagnosed. Significant variations in Tg/TgAb were detected in a few cases, all managed with an active surveillance strategy without the need for other treatments. Therefore, a relaxed follow-up with neck ultrasound and Tg/TgAb measurement is enough to early identify those very unusual cases of recurrence.
Is Canada Moving towards a More Agile Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement Process with a Shifting Role for Real-World Evidence (RWE) for Oncology Drugs?
Authors: Lau Catherine Y. , Rawson Nigel S. B.
Published: September 2024

Canada is known to have a complex pathway for new drug approval and reimbursement, resulting in delayed access for patients with serious and life-threatening diseases, such as cancer. Several recent publications from key stakeholders, including patients, physicians and policymakers, highlight patient helplessness, physician frustrations and policymakers entangled in a massive network of bureaucracy unable to make headway. Several quantitative and qualitative assessments using time from regulatory approvals to successful reimbursements confirm long review times and high rejection rates for oncology drugs, especially those receiving conditional approvals. A consensus forum of 18 Canadian oncology clinicians recently voiced frustration with the process and inability to deliver guideline-supported efficacious therapies to their patients. This manuscript compares data extracted from publicly available data sources from 2019 to June 2024 to previous publications. Methods: Public databases from Health Canada, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), which is in the process of changing to Canada’s Drug Agency, and the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA) were reviewed and the data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: From the data, three trends emerge, (i) an increasing number of oncology drugs are receiving conditional approvals from Health Canada, (ii) the percentage of conditionally approved oncology drugs receiving positive reimbursement recommendations from CADTH is still low but appears to be improving, but delays in access are now contingent upon pCPA deciding whether to negotiate price and then the duration of any negotiation, and (iii) real-world evidence is no longer part of the decision-making for conditional approvals. A slight increase in the positive endorsement of RWE used to support CADTH recommendations was observed. Conclusions: The lack of timely access to oncology drugs hurts Canadian patients. While a small trend of improvement appears to be emerging, longer-term data collection is required to ensure sustained patient benefits.
Enhanced Magnetocaloric Properties of the (MnNi)0.6Si0.62(FeCo)0.4Ge0.38 High-Entropy Alloy Obtained by Co Substitution
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Huang Pengyan , Chen Xinglin , Wang Hongyu , Da Shan , Wang Gang , Qiu Zhaoguo , Zeng Dechang
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the magnetocaloric properties of MnNiSi-based alloys, a new type of high-entropy magnetocaloric alloy was constructed. In this work, Mn0.6Ni1−xSi0.62Fe0.4CoxGe0.38 (x = 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5) are found to exhibit magnetostructural first-order phase transitions from high-temperature Ni2In-type phases to low-temperature TiNiSi-type phases so that the alloys can achieve giant magnetocaloric effects. We investigate why chexagonal/ahexagonal (chexa/ahexa) gradually increases upon Co substitution, while phase transition temperature (Ttr) and isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) tend to gradually decrease. In particular, the x = 0.4 alloy with remarkable magnetocaloric properties is obtained by tuning Co/Ni, which shows a giant entropy change of 48.5 J∙kg−1K−1 at 309 K for 5 T and an adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) of 8.6 K at 306.5 K. Moreover, the x = 0.55 HEA shows great hardness and compressive strength with values of 552 HV2 and 267 MPa, respectively, indicating that the mechanical properties undergo an effective enhancement. The large ΔSM and ΔTad may enable the MnNiSi-based HEAs to become a potential commercialized magnetocaloric material.
Assessing Variable Importance for Best Subset Selection
Authors: Seedorff Jacob , Cavanaugh Joseph E.
Published: September 2024

One of the primary issues that arises in statistical modeling pertains to the assessment of the relative importance of each variable in the model. A variety of techniques have been proposed to quantify variable importance for regression models. However, in the context of best subset selection, fewer satisfactory methods are available. With this motivation, we here develop a variable importance measure expressly for this setting. We investigate and illustrate the properties of this measure, introduce algorithms for the efficient computation of its values, and propose a procedure for calculating p-values based on its sampling distributions. We present multiple simulation studies to examine the properties of the proposed methods, along with an application to demonstrate their practical utility.
Decarbonization in Shipping—The Hopes and Doubts on the Way to Hydrogen Use
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy , Lesnau Anna
Published: September 2024

This article presents the initial processes of changing ship fuels aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. A significant reduction in GHG emissions is only possible by using carbon-free fuels. The process of reducing CO2 emissions was forced by legal regulations introduced in recent years by the International Maritime Organization and the Parliament of the European Union. The year 2050 was set as the target year for achieving the intended goals, but intermediate goals should be achieved already in 2030 and 2040. This article attempts to analyze the ongoing changes in the fuel market in maritime transport on the way to achieving the threshold of climate neutrality with this form of transport. A number of hopes related to this were indicated but also so were obstacles that may slow down this process. In 2023, there was an increased interest among shipowners in adapting ship engines to burn more ecological ship fuels. However, it is far from our expectations. Meeting the gradually increasing emission limits through imposed regulations was possible in the years 2020–2023 by using dual-fuel engines in which gaseous fuels, mainly LNG and LPG, were used for long periods of operation. The next step is the use of biofuels or synthetic fuels, which, however, will not meet the requirements after 2030. Interest is moving towards the use of ammonia and, ultimately, after 2040, hydrogen. The aim of this article is to analyze the ongoing processes and assess the directions of changes that justify the sense of the actions taken.
Low Complexity Forest Fire Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8 Network
Authors: Lei Lin , Duan Ruifeng , Yang Feng , Xu Longhang
Published: September 2024

Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems and communities. This study introduces innovative enhancements to the YOLOv8n object detection algorithm, significantly improving its efficiency and accuracy for real-time forest fire monitoring. By employing Depthwise Separable Convolution and Ghost Convolution, the model’s computational complexity is significantly reduced, making it suitable for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Additionally, Dynamic UpSampling and Coordinate Attention mechanisms enhance the model’s ability to capture multi-scale features and focus on relevant regions, improving detection accuracy for small-scale fires. The Distance-Intersection over Union loss function further optimizes the model’s training process, leading to more accurate bounding box predictions. Experimental results on a comprehensive dataset demonstrate that our proposed model achieves a 41% reduction in parameters and a 54% reduction in GFLOPs, while maintaining a high mean Average Precision (mAP) of 99.0% at an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. The proposed model offers a promising solution for real-time forest fire monitoring, enabling a timely detection of, and response to, wildfires.
Core Competencies of the Public Health Workforce in Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events Preparedness, Response, and Recovery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Perreault-Carranza Thierry , Ni Vivian , Savoie Jonathan , Saucier Jacob , Frenette Joey , Jbilou Jalila
Published: September 2024

Climate change poses a significant threat to public health and safety, necessitating an urgent, coordinated response. Public health officials must be well-trained to effectively prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events. Despite emerging frameworks, a gap remains in their systematic application, risking future unpreparedness. This review aimed to identify the necessary competencies for public health professionals to manage climate change and the best methods to teach these skills. An academic librarian helped develop a keyword chain for a PubMed search, which included original articles and reviews concerning our research questions published in English or French between 1 January 2013 and 31 January 2024. Out of 255 potential articles, 31 were included in this scoping review. The results aligned with our objectives, revealing three main themes: core competencies, training and pedagogy strategies, and assessment approaches for public health professionals’ preparedness, responses, and recovery in the context of climate change and extreme weather events. This scoping review enabled us to provide a set of clear recommendations for future research and practice in training the public health workforce for managing extreme weather events and climate change.
OXGR1-Dependent (Pro)Renin Receptor Upregulation in Collecting Ducts of the Clipped Kidney Contributes to Na+ Balance in Goldblatt Hypertensive Mice
Authors: Cárdenas Pilar , Nuñez-Allimant Camila , Silva Katherin , Cid-Salinas Catalina , León Allison C. , Vallotton Zoe , Lorca Ramón A. , Oliveira Lilian Caroline Gonçalves de , Casarini Dulce E , Céspedes Carlos , Prieto Minolfa C. , Gonzalez Alexis A.
Published: September 2024

The two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt rodent model elicits a reduction in renal blood flow (RBF) in the clipped kidney (CK). The reduced RBF and oxygen bio-ability causes the accumulation of the tricarboxylic cycle intermediary, α-ketoglutarate, which activates the oxoglutarate receptor-1 (OXGR1). In the kidney, OXGR1 is abundantly expressed in intercalated cells (ICs) of the collecting duct (CD), thus contributing to sodium transport and electrolyte balance. The (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a member of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), is a key regulator of sodium reabsorption and blood pressure (BP) that is expressed in ICs. The PRR is upregulated in 2K1C rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic reduction in RBF in the CK leads to OXGR1-dependent PRR upregulation in the CD and alters sodium balance and BP in 2K1C mice. To determine the role of OXGR1 in regulating the PRR in the CDs during renovascular hypertension, we performed 2K1C Goldblatt surgery (clip = 0.13 mm internal gap, 14 days) in two groups of male mice: (1) mice treated with Montelukast (OXGR1 antagonist; 5 mg/Kg/day); (2) OXGR1−/− knockout mice. Wild-type and sham-operated mice were used as controls. After 14 days, 2K1C mice showed increased systolic BP (SBP) (108 ± 11 vs. control 82 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.01) and a lower natriuretic response after the saline challenge test. The CK group showed upregulation of erythropoietin, augmented α-ketoglutarate, and increased PRR expression in the renal medulla. The CK of OXGR1 knockout mice and mice subjected to the OXGR1 antagonist elicited impaired PRR upregulation, attenuated SBP, and better natriuretic responses. In 2K1C mice, the effect of reduced RBF on the OXGR1-dependent PRR upregulation in the CK may contribute to the anti-natriuretic and increased SBP responses.
Comparative Genomics Analysis of the Populus Epidermal Pattern Factor (EPF) Family Revealed Their Regulatory Effects in Populus euphratica Stomatal Development
Authors: Jia Mingyu , Wang Ying , Jin Hongyan , Li Jing , Song Tongrui , Chen Yongqiang , Yuan Yang , Hu Honghong , Li Ruting , Wu Zhihua , Jiao Peipei
Published: September 2024

Drought stress seriously threatens plant growth. The improvement of plant water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance through stomatal regulation is an effective strategy for coping with water shortages. Epidermal patterning factor (EPF)/EPF-like (EPFL) family proteins regulate stomatal formation and development in plants and thus contribute to plant stress adaptation. Here, our analysis revealed the presence of 14 PeEPF members in the Populus euphratica genome, which exhibited a relatively conserved gene structure with 1–3 introns. Subcellular localisation prediction revealed that 9 PeEPF members were distributed in the chloroplasts of P. euphratica, and 5 were located extracellularly. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PeEPFs can be divided into three clades, with genes within the same clade revealing a relatively conserved structure. Furthermore, we observed the evolutionary conservation of PeEPFs and AtEPF/EPFLs in certain domains, which suggests their conserved function. The analysis of cis-acting elements suggested the possible involvement of PeEPFs in plant response to multiple hormones. Transcriptomic analysis revealed considerable changes in the expression level of PeEPFs during treatment with polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid. The overexpression of PeEPF2 resulted in low stomatal density in transgenetic lines. These findings provide a basis for gaining insights into the function of PeEPFs in response to abiotic stress.
Acidocin A and Acidocin 8912 Belong to a Distinct Subfamily of Class II Bacteriocins with a Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Antoshina Daria V. , Balandin Sergey V. , Finkina Ekaterina I. , Bogdanov Ivan V. , Eremchuk Sofia I. , Kononova Daria V. , Kovrizhnykh Alena A. , Ovchinnikova Tatiana V.
Published: September 2024

Within class II bacteriocins, we assume the presence of a separate subfamily of antimicrobial peptides possessing a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Although these peptides are structurally related to the subclass IIa (pediocin-like) bacteriocins, they have significant differences in biological activities and, probably, a mechanism of their antimicrobial action. A representative of this subfamily is acidocin A from Lactobacillus acidophilus TK9201. We discovered the similarity between acidocin A and acidocin 8912 from Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912 when analyzing plasmids from lactic acid bacteria and suggested the presence of a single evolutionary predecessor of these peptides. We obtained the C-terminally extended homolog of acidocin 8912, named acidocin 8912A, a possible intermediate form in the evolution of the former. The study of secondary structures and biological activities of these peptides showed their structural similarity to acidocin A; however, the antimicrobial activities of acidocin 8912 and acidocin 8912A were lower than that of acidocin A. In addition, these peptides demonstrated stronger cytotoxic and membranotropic effects. Building upon what we previously discovered about the immunomodulatory properties of acidocin A, we studied its proteolytic stability under conditions simulating those in the digestive tract and also assessed its ability to permeate intestinal epithelium using the Caco-2 cells monolayer model. In addition, we found a pronounced effect of acidocin A against fungi of the genus Candida, which might also expand the therapeutic potential of this bacterial antimicrobial peptide.
HRS Facilitates Newcastle Disease Virus Replication in Tumor Cells by Promoting Viral Budding
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Chunxuan , Hu Shunlin , Liu Xiufan
Published: September 2024

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly pathogenic avian infectious disease agent and also a promising oncolytic virus with broad application prospects. The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery has been increasingly recognized for its crucial role in the life cycles of enveloped viruses, influencing processes such as viral entry, replication, and budding. In this study, we employed an RNA interference screening approach to identify key ESCRT components that regulate NDV replication in tumor cells. qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays demonstrated that knockdown of HRS, CHMP4A, CHMP4B, and CHMP4C significantly impaired NDV replication in HeLa cells, with HRS exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Additionally, HRS knockout significantly inhibited viral budding and suppressed NDV-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Notably, NDV infection was shown to significantly upregulate HRS gene and protein expression in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study systematically identifies critical ESCRT components involved in NDV replication within tumor cells, with a particular focus on the role of HRS in promoting NDV’s replication by promoting viral budding, offering new insights for the development of NDV-based oncolytic therapies.
The Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the Management of Dry Socket: A Systematic Review
Authors: Laforgia Alessandra , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Riccaldo Lilla , Avantario Pasquale , Buongiorno Silvio , Malcangi Giuseppina , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Francesco , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Dipalma Gianna
Published: September 2024

Dry socket or alveolar osteitis is a common postoperative complication following tooth extraction, characterized by severe pain due to the disintegration of the blood clot within the socket. Various factors contribute to its development, such as traumatic extraction, patient age and sex, smoking, and anesthetic use. To mitigate this condition, socket preservation techniques, including the use of bone substitute materials, have been employed. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has emerged as a promising biomaterial, enhancing healing and reducing the incidence of dry socket. Materials and Methods: This systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD 578018), examines the efficacy of PRF in managing dry socket by analyzing studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published between January 2013 and May 2024. Boolean keywords have been used in the search strategy: (“Treatment”) AND (“Dry Socket”) AND (“Platelet Rich Fibrin” OR “PRF”). A total of 738 publications were found using the electronic database search. After the screening phase, 13 records were chosen for qualitative analysis. The results from multiple clinical trials and comparative studies indicate that PRF significantly reduces postoperative pain, expedites healing, and lowers the incidence of Alveolar Osteitis. Despite promising results, further large-scale, randomized studies are needed to validate PRF as a standard treatment for dry socket.
A Novel Tetrahydroacridine Derivative with Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties and Dissociative Capability against Aβ42 Fibrils Confirmed by In Vitro Studies
Authors: Mojzych Ilona , Zawadzka Anna , Andrzejewski Kryspin , Jampolska Monika , Bednarikova Zuzana , Gancar Miroslav , Gazova Zuzana , Mazur Maciej , Kaczyńska Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia, accounting for more than 60% of all cases. It is a neurodegenerative disease in which symptoms such as a decline in memory, thinking, learning, and organizing skills develop gradually over many years and eventually become more severe. To date, there is no effective treatment for the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, and the existing pharmacological options primarily help manage symptoms. Treatment is mainly based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, which exhibit numerous adverse cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects due to excessive stimulation of peripheral cholinergic activity involving muscarinic receptors. Therefore, in addition to the obvious drugs that act on the cause of the disease, new drugs based on AChE inhibition that show the fewest side effects are needed. One potential drug could be a new compound under study, tetrahydroacridine derivative (CHDA), which showed significant potential to inhibit the AChE enzyme in previous in vitro studies. The present study shows that while having very potent AChE inhibitory properties, CHDA is a compound with low toxicity to nerve cell culture and living organisms. In addition, it exhibits dissociative activity against amyloid β fibrils, which is extremely important for applications in Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
Specific Substrate Activity of Lotus Root Polyphenol Oxidase: Insights from Gaussian-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics and Markov State Models
Authors: Liu Minghao , Zheng Siyun , Tang Yijia , Han Weiwei , Li Wannan , Li Tao
Published: September 2024

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays a key role in the enzymatic browning process, and this study employed Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to investigate the catalytic efficiency mechanisms of lotus root PPO with different substrates, including catechin, epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid, as well as the inhibitor oxalic acid. Key findings reveal significant conformational changes in PPO that correlate with its enzymatic activity. Upon substrate binding, the alpha-helix in the Q53-D63 region near the copper ion extends, likely stabilizing the active site and enhancing catalysis. In contrast, this helix is disrupted in the presence of the inhibitor, resulting in a decrease in enzymatic efficiency. Additionally, the F350-V378 region, which covers the substrate-binding site, forms an alpha-helix upon substrate binding, further stabilizing the substrate and promoting catalytic function. However, this alpha-helix does not form when the inhibitor is bound, destabilizing the binding site and contributing to inhibition. These findings offer new insights into the substrate-specific and inhibitor-induced structural dynamics of lotus root PPO, providing valuable information for enhancing food processing and preservation techniques.
Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance—A Review
Authors: Patel Bharati Kadamb , Patel Kadamb Haribhai , Lee Chuen Neng , Moochhala Shabbir
Published: September 2024

Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota’s role as a primary determinant of athletes’ health, which has piqued interest in the hypothesis that it correlates with athletes’ physical performance. Athletes’ physical performances could be impacted by the metabolic activity of the assortment of microbes found in their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets of an athlete’s physiology, including immune response, gut membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, and the gut–brain axis. Several physiological variables govern the gut microbiota; hence, an intricately tailored and complex framework must be implemented to comprehend the performance–microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and physical fitness, revealing that athletes who engage in regular physical activity exhibit a richer diversity of gut microbes, particularly within the Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared to their sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, it is challenging to implement an unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding an athlete to accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles the research on the effects of gut microbiota modulation on performance in sports and illustrates how different supplementation strategies for gut microbiota have the ability to improve athletic performance by enhancing physical capacities. In addition to promoting athletes’ overall health, this study evaluates the existing literature in an effort to shed light on how interventions involving the gut microbiota can dramatically improve performance on the field. The findings should inform both theoretical and practical developments in the fields of sports nutrition and training.