bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Midterm Evaluation of Postoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections on Arthroscopic Supraspinatus Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Wang Allan , Smith Anne , Nairn Robert , Breidahl William , Zheng Ming Hao , Ackland Timothy
Published: August 2017

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been applied as an adjunct to rotator cuff repair to improve tendon-bone healing and potentially reduce the incidence of subsequent tendon retears.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic supraspinatus repair are enhanced after repeated postoperative applications of PRP.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients (30 control; 30 PRP) were initially randomized to receive 2 ultrasound-guided injections of PRP to the tendon repair site at 7 and 14 days after double-row arthroscopic supraspinatus repair or not. A total of 55 patients (91.7%) underwent a clinical review and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a mean of 3.5 years after surgery (range, 36-51 months). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the Constant score, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Global rating of change (GRC) scale and patient satisfaction scores were evaluated. Structural integrity of the surgical repair was assessed via MRI using the Sugaya classification system.

Results:

At the midterm review, there was no difference between the groups for any of the PROMs. No differences between the groups were demonstrated for the subjective and range of motion subscales of the Constant score, although a significantly higher Constant strength subscale score was observed in the PRP group (3.3 points; 95% CI, 1.0-5.7; P = .006). There was no evidence for any group differences in MRI scores or retear rates, with 66.7% of PRP patients and 64.3% of control patients rated as Sugaya grade 1. Two control patients had symptomatic retears (both full thickness) within the first 16 weeks after surgery compared with 2 PRP patients, who suffered symptomatic retears (both partial thickness) between 16 weeks and a mean 3.5-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Significant postoperative clinical improvements and high levels of patient satisfaction were observed in patients at the midterm review after supraspinatus repair. While pain-free, maximal abduction strength was greater in the midterm after PRP treatment, repeated applications of PRP delivered at 7 and 14 days after surgery provided no additional benefit to tendon integrity.
Comparison of Methods to Assess Consumption of Micronutrient Powders Among Young Children in Nepal
Authors: Ng’eno Bernadette N. , Perrine Cria G. , Subedi Giri Raj , Mebrahtu Saba , Dahal Pradiumna , Jefferds Maria Elena D.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Assessing micronutrient powder (MNP) consumption is the key for monitoring program performance; no gold standard exists for assessing consumption in nutrition programs.

Objective:

To compare estimates of MNP consumption assessed by maternal report versus observed unopened MNP sachets in the household.

Methods:

Cross-sectional household surveys of children aged 6 to 23 months were conducted to assess an MNP project in Nepal; eligible children received 60 sachets per distribution. Mothers reported the number of sachets consumed and showed unused sachets. Directly observed difference (DOD) of MNP consumption was calculated by subtracting the number of observed unopened sachets from 60. Spearman correlation coefficient, categories of MNP consumption, and end digit preference were assessed.

Results:

A total of 205 mothers did not show remaining unopened sachets despite reporting that all were not consumed. For the remaining 605 children, median consumption was 60.0 sachets by DOD and maternal report; the correlation coefficient was 0.91. With consumption grouped into categories of 0 to 14, 15 to 29, 30 to 44, and 45 to 60 sachets, the percent categorized into the same groupings by DOD and maternal report was 100%, 80.6%, 80.7%, and 91.2%, respectively. Excluding those who consumed 60 sachets, 16.9% and 8.0% by report and 14.2% and 6.1% DOD, ended with 0 and 5, respectively.

Conclusion:

Had the observation of unused sachets been used alone to assess MNP consumption, 205 children would not have been assessed. Estimates of MNP consumption by DOD and maternal report were similar in this population with high intake adherence.
Self-Compassion From the Adolescent Perspective: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Klingle Kirsten E. , Van Vliet K. Jessica
Published: August 2017

Although recent research has pointed to the potential benefits of self-compassion for youth, relatively little is known about the perspectives and lived experience of adolescents as they extend compassion toward themselves. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain an in-depth understanding of self-compassion from the adolescent perspective. Six adolescents, who had experienced a variety of life difficulties, were interviewed about their experiences of self-compassion in the context of their daily lives. Data were analyzed for common themes using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The resulting themes included putting oneself at the center, maintaining a positive outlook, engaging in pleasurable activities, connecting positively with others, working on self-improvement, making oneself attractive to others, accepting oneself, and experiencing emotional balance. Findings from this study add to self-compassion research by bringing attention to the contextualized meaning and experiences of self-compassion from the adolescent perspective. Directions for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.
Sorority Membership and Sexual Victimization: An Examination of Potential Mediators of the Association
Authors: Kingree J. B. , Thompson Martie
Published: August 2017

This study examined putative mediators of the association between sorority membership and sexual victimization among 718 women who were enrolled in their first year of college. Data were collected through anonymous, self-report surveys that assessed sexual victimization in college, two hypothesized mediator variables (i.e., alcohol misuse and number of sexual partners), and four control variables (i.e., minority racial status, residence in a coed dorm, behavioral and psychological problems before college, and sexual victimization before college). Values for both sexual victimization variables were collapsed into one of three categories (i.e., no victimization, moderately severe victimization, severe victimization). Bivariate analyses revealed sorority members had higher levels of alcohol misuse, number of sexual partners, and severe sexual victimization in college than did nonmembers. Multivariate analyses showed number of sexual partners mediated the association between sorority membership and both types of sexual victimization in college, whereas alcohol misuse mediated the association between sorority membership and severe sexual victimization in college only. Implications of the findings for future research and prevention, along with limitations of the study, are discussed.
Do You Know What Your Kids Are Drinking? Evaluation of a Media Campaign to Reduce Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Bleakley Amy , Jordan Amy , Mallya Giridhar , Hennessy Michael , Piotrowski Jessica Taylor
Published: August 2017

Objective:

This study evaluates a citywide media campaign that targeted reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as a strategy for addressing obesity.

Design:

Rolling cross-sectional survey data, collected before and during the media campaign, with 1367 parents to assess exposure to and effect of a televised public service advertisement (TV PSA) developed using a reasoned action approach.

Setting:

Televised public service advertisement campaign created by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and disseminated on cable television channels within the Philadelphia market.

Participants:

Philadelphia parents/primary caregivers with a child between the ages of 3 and 16.

Results:

Linear regression analysis shows that exposure to the TV PSA was significantly associated with intention to substitute nonsugary drinks for SSBs for the parent ( P = .04) and the child ( P = .02). The effect of exposure on intention to reduce child’s SSB consumption increased the longer the campaign was in the field. Exposure was also significantly associated with the belief that reducing SSB consumption decreases the risk of diabetes ( P = .04) and was significantly negatively related to the belief that reducing SSB consumption would make mealtimes less enjoyable ( P = .04).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that a theory-based mass media campaign can achieve positive changes in intention related to SSB consumption by changing relevant and salient underlying beliefs.
Nonlinear dynamics and control of a laterally mass varying fighter aircraft
Authors: Mukherjee Bijoy K , Sinha Manoranjan
Published: August 2017

This paper presents dynamic analysis and nonlinear control of laterally mass varying combat aircraft based on a six degree-of-freedom model derived for a variable mass system. The objective is to investigate the effects of asymmetric lateral mass variation, due to mass ejection, from two different perspectives – the open loop dynamic behavior through bifurcation analysis; and the closed loop control performance while carrying out some demanding maneuvers. Bifurcation analysis reveals considerable coupling between the longitudinal and lateral-directional channels even for a modest lateral shift in the center-of-mass due to store ejection, which in turn is observed to give rise to a spiral-dive like divergent mode even at low angles-of-attack. Thereafter, the well-known high angle-of-attack cobra maneuver is implemented for the symmetric center-of-mass case using sliding mode control technique and using a new single loop control formulation in contrast with the conventional inner-outer loop formulation. The proposed single loop control formulation is further extended to handle the lateral movement of center-of-mass due to asymmetric store ejection using the asymmetric dynamics model proposed and derived in this paper.
Analytical weight estimation of landing gear designs
Authors: Munjulury RC , Berry P , Borhani Coca D , Parés Prat A , Krus P
Published: August 2017

Landing gear weight calculations can be carried out using statistical or analytical methods. Statistical methods were used in the past and offered quick group weights. However, they are not capable of computing accurately the weight of landing gears, which have special geometries and performance. In this work, landing gear weight is computed using analytical methods based on parametric 3D models. The procedure established by Kraus and Wille is applied as a baseline so as to create a procedure capable of dealing with landing gear weight calculations. This method is designed to be as flexible as possible, giving the user the freedom to modify many options and parameters and integrate landing gear design into Robust Aircraft Parametric Interactive Design.
Aerodynamic optimisation of the rocket plane in subsonic and supersonic flight conditions
Authors: Figat Marcin , Kwiek Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the results of a numerical study of the aerodynamic shape of the Rocket Plane LEX. The Rocket Plane is a main part of the Modular Airplane System – MAS; a special vehicle devoted to suborbital tourist flights. The Rocket Plane was designed for subsonic and supersonic flight conditions. Therefore, the impact of the Mach number should be considered during the aerodynamic design of the Rocket Plane. The main goal of the investigation was to determine the sensitivity of the Rocket Plane aerodynamic characteristics to the Mach number during the optimisation of the LEX geometry. The paper includes results of the optimisation process for Mach number from the range Ma = 0.5 to Ma = 2.5. These results reveal that the aerodynamic characteristics of models optimised for the subsonic and transonic regime of Mach numbers (up to Ma = 1) were also improved for the supersonic speed regime. However, in the case of models optimised for the supersonic flight regime the aerodynamic characteristics in subsonic flight regime, are inferior compared to the model before the optimisation process.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an HIV-positive man with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia
Authors: Morley Deirdre , Lynam Almida , Carton Edmund , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Sheehan Gerard , Lynn Niamh , O’Brien Serena , Mulcahy Fiona
Published: August 2017

The management of critically ill human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients is challenging; however, intensive care unit-related mortality has declined significantly in recent years. There are 10 case reports in the literature of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in HIV-positive patients, of whom seven survived to hospital discharge. We describe a 33-year-old Brazilian man who presented with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and severe hypoxic respiratory failure. He developed refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and was commenced on veno-venous ECMO. He was successfully decannulated following 21 days of ECMO and survived to hospital discharge. Despite poor evidence surrounding the use of ECMO in immunocompromised patients, it is evident that ECMO could represent an important rescue therapy in HIV-positive patients with refractory ARDS.
Thinking More or Feeling Less? Explaining the Foreign-Language Effect on Moral Judgment
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Tannenbaum David , Costa Albert , Corey Joanna D. , Keysar Boaz
Published: August 2017

Would you kill one person to save five? People are more willing to accept such utilitarian action when using a foreign language than when using their native language. In six experiments, we investigated why foreign-language use affects moral choice in this way. On the one hand, the difficulty of using a foreign language might slow people down and increase deliberation, amplifying utilitarian considerations of maximizing welfare. On the other hand, use of a foreign language might stunt emotional processing, attenuating considerations of deontological rules, such as the prohibition against killing. Using a process-dissociation technique, we found that foreign-language use decreases deontological responding but does not increase utilitarian responding. This suggests that using a foreign language affects moral choice not through increased deliberation but by blunting emotional reactions associated with the violation of deontological rules.
Behavior and informal learning at night in a 24-hour space: A case study of the Hong Kong Design Institute Library
Authors: Yip Terry , Chiu Dickson K.W. , Cho Allan , Lo Patrick
Published: August 2017

This study explores the evening activities of students at the Hong Kong Design Institute in Zone24, a 24-hour opening learning space managed by Hong Kong Design Institute Learning Resources Centre, also referred to as the Library. In doing so, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 24-hour learning spaces. Qualitative research was undertaken to identify and compare the students’ behaviors between daytime and night in Zone24. In addition, this study investigates how overnight activities in the learning spaces facilitate a student’s learning. The result of this study can contribute to improving librarians’ or administrators’ understanding of students’ needs at night in a 24-hour learning space in order to implement more effective programs and services for users.
Analytical validation and reference intervals for freezing point depression osmometer measurements of urine osmolality in dogs
Authors: Guerrero Samantha , Pastor Josep , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José Joaquín , Balestra Graziano , Caldin Marco
Published: August 2017

Urine osmolality (UOsm) is considered the most accurate measure of urine concentration and is used to assess body fluid homeostasis and renal function. We performed analytical validation of freezing point depression measurement of canine UOsm, to establish reference intervals (RIs) and to determine the effect of age, sex, and reproductive status on UOsm in dogs. Clinically healthy dogs ( n = 1,991) were retrospectively selected and stratified in groups by age (young [0–12 mo], adults [13–84 mo], and seniors [>84 mo]), sex (females and males), and reproductive status (intact and neutered). RIs were calculated for each age group. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were <1% in all cases. Good linearity ( r2 = 1, p < 0.001) and recovery (89–98%) were observed. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were zero. Urine specific gravity and UOsm had a highly significant positive correlation ( r = 0.96, p < 0.001) but had inconsistent agreement. The 95% RI for canine UOsm was 369–2,416 mOsm/kg in young and adult dogs, and 366–2,178 mOsm/kg in seniors. Senior dogs had a significantly lower UOsm than young and adult dogs ( p < 0.000). Neutered females had a significantly lower UOsm than intact female dogs ( p < 0.002). These results indicate that the method evaluated is adequate for UOsm measurement and that RIs based on age and reproductive status should be used in dogs.
A Feminist Intervention That Hurt Women: Biological Differences, Ergonomics, and Occupational Health: Une intervention féministe qui a nui aux femmes: différences biologiques, égalité, ergonomie et santé au travail
Authors: Messing Karen
Published: August 2017

The University of Québec in Montréal has agreements with trade unions providing access to university resources. Researchers involved in this program worked in partnership with union women’s and health and safety committees for more than twenty years. Not all studies succeeded in improving women’s working conditions. One joint project involved observational studies of tasks done by health-care workers, complemented by interviews and questionnaires. We found that task assignments, movements, postures, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders varied by gender/sex and made recommendations for change. However, issues of pay equity, spending on health care, and contracting-out of “ancillary work” were salient. Researchers learned that in the absence of changes in power relationships in the workplace, women may be disadvantaged by denial as well as by exaggeration of female–male differences. Men may also be at risk when their gender is invisible. We suggest some feminist approaches to workplace solutions and some pathways for research.

Résumé

L'Université du Québec à Montréal a signé avec des centrales syndicales des ententes leur donnant un accès à des ressources universitaires. Des chercheures ont travaillé en partenariat avec des comités syndicaux de condition des femmes et de santé-sécurité au travail pendant plus de 25 ans, mais ce ne sont pas toutes les études qui ont abouti à des améliorations. Un projet concernait des observations du travail d'employé.e.s du secteur de la santé, dont les tâches, mouvements, et postures variaient selon le genre/sexe. Nous avons recommandé des transformations, mais des enjeux d'équité salariale, de coûts et de sous-traitance y ont fait obstacle. Les chercheures ont appris qu'en l'absence de transformation des rapports de pouvoir au travail, le déni des différences hommes-femmes, autant que leur exagération, peut désavantager les travailleuses (et les travailleurs). Nous suggérons des approches féministes aux solutions pour le milieu de travail, ainsi que des pistes de recherche.
Cultural Links to Adolescent Weapon Carrying and Weapon Use
Authors: Wallace Lacey N.
Published: August 2017

Although existing cross-cultural studies of adolescence have focused on topics including fighting, bullying, and gangs, little cross-national research has centered on weapon carrying. However, weapon carrying among youth has been identified as a worldwide concern, with significant variation by nation and region. This variation is not well understood. This article investigates the nation-level cultural and contextual determinants of adolescent weapon carrying, specifically focusing on human development, governmental corruption, and a nation’s orientation toward violence. Data are drawn from 27 countries in the International Self-Report Delinquency Study, Wave Two. Analyses use multilevel logistic and ordered logistic regression models to assess associations with weapon carrying frequency, likelihood of carrying a weapon with friends, and age of weapon carrying onset. Results show that residing in a nation with less corruption is associated with a decrease in weapon carrying frequency, a later age of onset, and a lower likelihood of carrying a weapon with friends. Mixed results were found for interactions with a nation’s orientation toward violence. Possible explanations for these results, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Medication Errors and Trainees: Advice for Learners and Organizations
Authors: Wheeler James S. , Duncan Rosemary , Hohmeier Kenneth
Published: August 2017

Limited information exists regarding medication errors and trainees (students or residents). Yet during the experiential education component of their training, learners are expected to assume significant responsibilities in the medication use process. This commentary addresses both trainees and organization leaders on medication safety practices and the incorporation of learners into the organization’s medication safety culture.
Heterogeneous pathological processes account for thalamic degeneration in multiple sclerosis: Insights from 7 T imaging
Authors: Louapre Céline , Govindarajan Sindhuja T , Giannì Costanza , Madigan Nancy , Sloane Jacob A , Treaba Constantina A , Herranz Elena , Kinkel Revere P , Mainero Caterina
Published: August 2017

Background:

Thalamic degeneration impacts multiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis.

Objective:

To investigate heterogeneous thalamic pathology, its correlation with white matter (WM), cortical lesions and thickness, and as function of distance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods:

In 41 MS subjects and 17 controls, using 3 and 7 T imaging, we tested for (1) differences in thalamic volume and quantitative T2* (q-T2*) (2) globally and (3) within concentric bands originating from the CSF/thalamus interface; (4) the relation between thalamic, cortical, and WM metrics; and (5) the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics to clinical scores. We also assessed MS thalamic lesion distribution as a function of distance from CSF.

Results:

Thalamic lesions were mainly located next to the ventricles. Thalamic volume was decreased in MS versus controls ( p < 10−2); global q-T2* was longer in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) only ( p < 10−2), indicating myelin and/or iron loss. Thalamic atrophy and longer q-T2* correlated with WM lesion volume ( p < 0.01). In relapsing-remitting MS, q-T2* thalamic abnormalities were located next to the WM ( p < 0.01 (uncorrected), p = 0.09 (corrected)), while they were homogeneously distributed in SPMS. Cortical MRI metrics were the strongest predictors of clinical outcome.

Conclusion:

Heterogeneous pathological processes affect the thalamus in MS. While focal lesions are likely mainly driven by CSF-mediated factors, overall thalamic degeneration develops in association with WM lesions.
The experience of fatherhood following childhood cancer survival
Authors: Agnew Francis , Higgins Aiveen , Casey Maureen , McCarthy Anthony
Published: August 2017

This study explored the experience of becoming a father following childhood cancer survival. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five fathers and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged: ‘moving away from and revisiting the experience of cancer’, ‘making sense of fortune and loss following a life-threatening illness’ and ‘valuing the opportunity to be a father’. The transition to fatherhood brought unique and specific challenges to fathers. Nevertheless, all appeared to have positively adjusted to this transition. Findings recommended providing information and support to childhood survivors who wish to or who are about to become fathers.
Comparison of food recommendations varying in sustainability: Impact on dietary intake and motivation to follow recommendations
Authors: Veltkamp Martijn , Anschutz Doeschka J , Kremers Stef PJ , Holland Rob W
Published: August 2017

Food recommendations increasingly focus on sustainability in addition to nutritional value. By providing participants with standard versus sustainable (plant-based) dietary recommendations for 3 weeks, the present research tested the impact of recommendations on dietary compliance. Furthermore, predictors of food intake were tested across food categories. Participants in the sustainable diet condition complied less with recommendations as compared to those in the standard diet condition and were less motivated to continue complying after the intervention. Taste was the main predictor of intake across food categories. Together, this stresses the importance of considering factors stimulating consumers’ compliance when formulating food recommendations.
The effect of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on the mental health of Chinese migrants: A comparison between interprovincial and intra-provincial migrants
Authors: Yi Yingying , Liang Ying
Published: August 2017

This article sought to explore the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on intra-provincial and interprovincial migrants’ mental health by constructing the Bayesian structural equation model. A total of 14,584 migrants aged 15–59 years living in eight cities of China were selected. It was found that the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on mental health were converse for these two groups. And the manifest variables coefficients of socioeconomic status and social inclusion were also converse. Therefore, governments should make some policies to further improve the mental health of migrants, including strengthening the community cohesion, social atmosphere, and governmental support.
Trust in hybrid closed loop among people with diabetes: Perspectives of experienced system users
Authors: Tanenbaum Molly L , Iturralde Esti , Hanes Sarah J , Suttiratana Sakinah C , Ambrosino Jodie M , Ly Trang T , Maahs David M , Naranjo Diana , Walders-Abramson Natalie , Weinzimer Stuart A , Buckingham Bruce A , Hood Korey K
Published: August 2017

Automated closed loop systems will greatly change type 1 diabetes management; user trust will be essential for acceptance of this new technology. This qualitative study explored trust in 32 individuals following a hybrid closed loop trial. Participants described how context-, system-, and person-level factors influenced their trust in the system. Participants attempted to override the system when they lacked trust, while trusting the system decreased self-management burdens and decreased stress. Findings highlight considerations for fostering trust in closed loop systems. Systems may be able to engage users by offering varying levels of controls to match trust preferences.
The body compassion scale: Development and initial validation
Authors: Altman Jennifer K , Linfield Ken , Salmon Paul G , Beacham Abbie O
Published: August 2017

As the newer mindfulness and acceptance-based cognitive behavioral therapies continue to grow, it is important that corresponding valid and reliable assessment tools are developed and evaluated. This article describes the initial development and validation of the body compassion scale. The body compassion scale is a theoretically derived measure designed to bridge the constructs of body image and self-compassion to provide a targeted measure of underlying mindfulness and acceptance-based constructs. Herein, two studies using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and examining subsequent relationships among other health-related constructs in college-age samples are presented.
Robotic Assistance for Training Finger Movement Using a Hebbian Model: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rowe Justin B. , Chan Vicky , Ingemanson Morgan L. , Cramer Steven C. , Wolbrecht Eric T. , Reinkensmeyer David J.
Published: August 2017

Background. Robots that physically assist movement are increasingly used in rehabilitation therapy after stroke, yet some studies suggest robotic assistance discourages effort and reduces motor learning. Objective. To determine the therapeutic effects of high and low levels of robotic assistance during finger training. Methods. We designed a protocol that varied the amount of robotic assistance while controlling the number, amplitude, and exerted effort of training movements. Participants (n = 30) with a chronic stroke and moderate hemiparesis (average Box and Blocks Test 32 ± 18 and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer score 46 ± 12) actively moved their index and middle fingers to targets to play a musical game similar to GuitarHero 3 h/wk for 3 weeks. The participants were randomized to receive high assistance (causing 82% success at hitting targets) or low assistance (55% success). Participants performed ~8000 movements during 9 training sessions. Results. Both groups improved significantly at the 1-month follow-up on functional and impairment-based motor outcomes, on depression scores, and on self-efficacy of hand function, with no difference between groups in the primary endpoint (change in Box and Blocks). High assistance boosted motivation, as well as secondary motor outcomes (Fugl-Meyer and Lateral Pinch Strength)—particularly for individuals with more severe finger motor deficits. Individuals with impaired finger proprioception at baseline benefited less from the training. Conclusions. Robot-assisted training can promote key psychological outcomes known to modulate motor learning and retention. Furthermore, the therapeutic effectiveness of robotic assistance appears to derive at least in part from proprioceptive stimulation, consistent with a Hebbian plasticity model.
The fundamentals of cross-sector collaboration for social change to promote population health
Authors: de Montigny Joanne G. , Desjardins Sylvie , Bouchard Louise
Published: August 2017

Cross-sector collaboration is increasingly relied upon to tackle society’s pressing and intractable problems. Chief among societal problems are unfavorable structural and social determinants of health. The ability to positively change these health determinants rests on the collaborative processes and structures of governance across diverse sectors in society. The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual framework that sheds light on the basic requirements of cross-sector collaboration for social change to promote the health of populations. A search for theoretical articles on cross-sector collaboration in the fields of public administration and public health was conducted within the journal databases ABI/INFORM Complete and MEDLINE. This search strategy was supplemented by an internet search of the grey literature for high-profile models of cross-sector collaboration. The conceptual framework builds on previous scholarly work by placing emphasis on five essential conditions for collective impact, and on the pivotal role of collective learning. Collective learning, at the basis of planning and taking action, is at the core of effective cross-sector initiatives, specifically because of its critical role in constantly adapting strategies to changing circumstances and unanticipated situations within complex socio-ecological systems.
Group based learning among caregivers: assessing mothers’ knowledge before and after an early childhood intervention in rural Guatemala
Authors: Domek Gretchen J. , Macdonald Brittney , Cooper Catherine , Cunningham Maureen , Abdel-Maksoud Madiha , Berman Stephen
Published: August 2017

Background:

The first three years of a child’s life are a critical period for brain growth and development. Caregiver interventions during this period that improve early childhood health and development have the potential to enhance a child’s physical, mental, and social well-being.

Methods:

This was a pretest/posttest quasi experimental program evaluation. Early childhood education materials were adapted to create two separate interventions consisting of 30-page interactive flipchart talks to educate mothers on health and development topics relevant to 0–6 and 6–12 month old children. Three community health workers performed the talks with groups of 5–8 mothers. Short learning assessments were given individually to each mother pre-intervention (pretest), immediately post-intervention (posttest 1), and two weeks post-intervention (posttest 2). Demographic surveys and focus group discussions were conducted with all participants.

Results:

Mothers ( n = 77) had an average age of 33.6 years and had an average of 3.6 living children. Most of the mothers (71%) had received some primary education, but 23% had received no formal schooling. For the 0–6 months flipchart learning assessment ( n = 38), the mean pretest score was 77% correct. The mean posttest 1 score improved to 87% ( p < 0.0001), and the mean posttest 2 score improved further from the mean posttest 1 score to 90% ( p = 0.01). For the 6–12 months flipchart learning assessment ( n = 39), the mean pretest score was 78%. The mean posttest 1 score improved to 89% ( p < 0.0001), and the mean posttest 2 score improved further from the mean posttest 1 score to 92% ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Mothers in an impoverished region of southwestern Guatemala significantly increased their knowledge about child health topics following a short interactive group talk. Mothers further increased their knowledge two weeks after the intervention, without specific re-exposure to the intervention materials, suggesting assimilation and informal reinforcement through group based learning with other mothers in their community.
Novice therapists in a developing context: Extending the reach of hand rehabilitation
Authors: van Stormbroek Kirsty , Buchanan Helen
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Hand rehabilitation needs in some parts of the world extend beyond the impact of specialised hand therapists. This study aimed to establish what hand rehabilitation services novice occupational therapists in South Africa were providing; the supports and barriers for such services; and, therapists’ perceptions of being equipped for hand rehabilitation.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and an online questionnaire was sent to all occupational therapists in their first year of practice (n = 240). Data were analysed with Stata 12 and IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0. Responses to open ended questions were post-coded.

Results

A 43.3% response rate was obtained. Participants (n = 104) treated an average of 20 clients requiring hand rehabilitation per month often without adequate equipment (73%). Central nervous system (91.3%), bone and joint (72.8%) and arthritic conditions (72.4%) were treated most frequently. Most participants felt confident (64%) and competent (79%) in hand rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Participants were undertaking hand rehabilitation that in other contexts is considered to require specialised skills. To ensure quality rehabilitation, supervision and mentoring of novice therapists and appropriate professional development opportunities are required.
Mursamacin: a novel class of antibiotics from soil-dwelling roundworms of Central Kenya that inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Awori Ryan Musumba , Ng'ang'a Peter Njenga , Nyongesa Lorine Nanjala , Amugune Nelson Onzere , Masiga Daniel
Published: August 2017

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, also called “superbugs”, can at worst retrogress modern medicine to an era where even sore throats resulted in death. A solution is the development of novel types of antibiotics from untapped natural sources. Yet, no new class of antibiotic has been developed in clinical medicine in the last 30 years. Here, bacteria from insect-killing Steinernema roundworms found in the soils of Central Kenya were isolated and subjected to specific molecular identification. These were then assayed for production of antibiotic compounds with potential to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The bacteria were identified as Xenorhabdus griffiniae and produced cell free supernatants that inhibited S. aureus. Fermenting the bacteria for 4 days yielded a heat stable anti-staphylococcal class of compounds that at low concentrations also inhibited methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This class contained two major compounds whose identity remains unknown. Thus X. griffinae isolated from Steinernema roundworms in Kenya have antimicrobial potential and may herald novel and newly sourced potential medicines for treatment of the world’s most prevalent antibiotic resistant bacteria.
The Impact of Checklists on Inpatient Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Boyd Jamie M , Wu Guosong , Stelfox Henry T
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Systematic reviews of non‐randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that using a checklist results in fewer medical errors and adverse events, but these evaluations are at risk of bias.

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic review of RCTs of checklists to determine their effectiveness in improving patient safety outcomes in hospitalized patients.

METHODS

Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until December 8, 2016. The search was restricted to RCTs. Included studies reported patient safety outcomes of a checklist intervention. Data extracted included the study characteristics, setting, population, intervention, outcomes measures, and sample size.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

11,225 citations were identified, of which 9 (16,987 patients) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Citations reported evaluations of checklists designed to improve surgical safety, prescription of medications, heart failure management, pain control, infection control precautions, and physician handover. Studies reported significant reductions in postoperative complications and medication‐related problems and improved compliance with evidence‐based prescribing of medications, infection control precautions, and patient handover procedures. 30‐day mortality was reported in 3 studies and was significantly lower among patients allocated to the checklist group (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval, 0.41‐0.89, P = 0.01, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.573). Methodological quality of the studies was moderate.

CONCLUSION

A small number of citations report RCT evaluations of the impact of checklists on patient safety. There is an urgent need for high‐quality evaluations of the effectiveness of patient safety checklists in inpatient healthcare settings to substantiate their perceived benefits.
Temporal Big Data for Tactical Sales Forecasting in the Tire Industry
Authors: Sagaert Yves R. , Aghezzaf El-Houssaine , Kourentzes Nikolaos , Desmet Bram
Published: August 2017

We propose a forecasting method to improve the accuracy of tactical sales predictions for a major supplier to the tire industry. This level of forecasting, which serves as direct input to the demand-planning process and steers the global supply chain, is typically done up to a year in advance. The product portfolio of the company for which we did our research is sensitive to external events. Univariate statistical methods, which are commonly used in practice, cannot be used to anticipate and forecast changes in the market; and forecasts by human experts are known to be biased and inconsistent. The method we propose allows us to automate the identification of key leading indicators, which drive sales, from a massive set of macroeconomic indicators, across different regions and markets; thus, we can generate accurate forecasts. Our method also allows us to handle the additional complexity that results from short-term and long-term dynamics of product sales and external indicators. For the company we study, accuracy improved by 16.1 percent over its current practice. Furthermore, our method makes the market dynamics transparent to company managers, thus allowing them to better understand the events and economic variables that affect the sales of their products.
Interrelations between policymakers’ intentions and school agents’ interpretation of accountability policy in Israel
Authors: Amdur Lisa , Mero-Jaffe Irit
Published: August 2017

The study examined the interrelations between policymakers’ intentions for test-based accountability policy, and school agents’ perceptions and actions with regard to this policy. Mixed-methods were used and encompassed 24 policymakers, 80 school principals, 168 teachers and case studies of four schools. New institutional theory, including the concept of “environmental shift” (Powell & Di Maggio, 1991) and the metaphor of “coupling” (Weick, 1976), served as the conceptual framework. Findings indicate that the interrelations between intentions, perceptions and actions are mainly tightly coupled. These are discussed by invoking three types of institutional isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983): coercive, mimetic and normative.
MODEL PENILAIAN KREDIT MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN DENGAN VARIABEL BEBAS CAMPURAN BINER DAN KONTINU
Authors: Mukid Moch. Abdul , Widiharih Tatik
Published: August 2017

Credit scoring models is an important tools in the credit granting process. These models measure the credit risk of a prospective client. This study aims to applied a discriminant model with mixed predictor variables (binary and continuous) for credit assesment. Implementation of the model use debitur characteristics data from a bank in Lampung Province which the used binary variables involve sex and marital status. Whereas, the continuous variables that was considered appropriate in the model are age, net income, and length of work. By using the data training, it was known that the misclassification of the model is 0.1970 and the misclassification of the testing data reach to 0.3753. Keywords: discriminant analysis, mixed variables, credit scoring
PEMODELAN DATA KEMATIAN BAYI DENGAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL REGRESSION
Authors: Ramadhan Riza F. , Kurniawan Robert
Published: August 2017

Overdispersion phenomenon and the influence of location or spatial aspect on data are handled using Binomial Geographically Weighted Regression (GWNBR). GWNBR is the best solution to form a regression analysis that is specific to each observation’s location. The analysis resulted in parameter value which different from one observation to another between location. The Weighting Matrix Selection is done before doing The GWNBR modeling. Different weighting  will resulted in different model. Thus this study aims to  investigate the best fit model using infant mortality data that is produced by some kind of weighting such as fixed kernel Gaussian, fixed kernel Bisquare, adaptive kernel Gaussian and adaptive kernal Bisquare in GWNBR modeling. This region study covers all the districts/municipalities in Java because the number of observations are more numerous and have more diverse characteristics. The study shows that out of four kernel functions, infant mortality data in Java2012, the best fit model is produced by fixed kernel Gaussian function. Besides that GWNBR with fixed kernel Gaussian also shows better result than the poisson regression and negative binomial regression for data modeling on  infant mortality based on the value of AIC and Deviance.                                                                                    Keywords:   GWNBR, infant mortality, fixed gaussian, fixed bisquare, adaptive gaussian, adaptive bisquare.
Representative variables of marketing and trading based innovation management model
Authors: Fernández-Ledesma Javier Darío , Duque Santiago
Published: August 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo unir las variables representativas de las actividades de marketing y comerciales, con las variables empleadas para estructurar y dirigir un proceso de innovación como parte del modelo de gestión. Este es un modelo general que puede ser adaptado a cualquier industria con el fin de garantizar la sostenibilidad económica a largo plazo a través del impacto en las ventas del producto. Este artículo presenta las variables en un contexto global con aspectos de innovación. La investigación mostró que las variables de contexto están controladas por el medio ambiente y se encuentran en el núcleo del modelo de gestión de la innovación como un mecanismo de retroalimentación que permite establecer una revisión temprana y adecuada sobre la política de las organizaciones, lo cual se traduce en ajustes mayores en los procesos operativos; tales cambios promueven innovaciones disruptivas con el fin de adaptar el producto a un nuevo patrón de consumo con el fin de lograr la sostenibilidad de la empresa.
UAREI: A model for formal description and visual representation /software gamification
Authors: Aseriskis Darius , Blazauskas Tomas , Damasevicius Robertas
Published: August 2017

El artículo presenta el modelo UAREI (Usuario-Acción-Regla-Entidades-Interface) para la especificación formal de gamificacion software y el UAREI visual lenguaje de modelado para la representación gráfica de la mecánica del juego. Un estudio de caso en gamificacion del sistema de gestión de proyectos Trogon se presenta. El modelo y visual lenguaje propuesto se compara con las maquinaciones marco gamificacion utilizando métricas de complejidad visuales, juego de simulación y comparación cualitativa.
Analysis of social factors and their relationship with perceived risk for e-commerce purchases
Authors: Sánchez-Alzate James Ariel , Sánchez-Torres Javier A.
Published: August 2017

Gran parte de las decisiones de compra tienen asociado un nivel de riesgo procedente del ambiente incierto al que se enfrenta el comprador, así como de las posibles consecuencias negativas que puedan producirse. A través de un estudio empírico, y mediante un análisis de regresión de variables latentes por medio de la técnica de optimización de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (PLS), se propone un modelo que represente las relaciones entre la orientación del cliente, la influencia social, la reputación, la privacidad y cómo estas afectan el riesgo percibido; esto con el fin de permitir a las empresas elaborar estrategias más efectivas para atenuar esta barrera y con ello, el aumento de las compras por canales de comercio electrónico.
Titanium dioxide coatings on magnesium alloys for biomaterials: A review
Authors: Hernández-Montes Vanessa , Betancur-Henao Claudia Patricia , Santa-Marín Juan Felipe
Published: August 2017

El magnesio y sus aleaciones, que aún se encuentran en desarrollo, se usan en aplicaciones ortopédicas debido a su biocompatibilidad y propiedades mecánicas (similares al hueso), que los hacen adecuados para aplicaciones en biomateriales. El magnesio tiene potencial para ser usado en implantes biodegradables dada su capacidad de soportar los procesos de regeneración de tejidos. En consecuencia, se han desarrollado varias estrategias para mejorar las propiedades del magnesio. Los recubrimientos sobre magnesio se emplean para mejorar su citocompatibilidad y resistencia a la corrosión. Específicamente, el dióxido de titanio se puede usar como recubrimiento protector sobre el magnesio, con el fin de ayudar a regular la velocidad de degradación y superar algunos problemas que se encuentran cuando el magnesio es implantado en el cuerpo. Por tanto, en este artículo se realizó una revisión crítica para consolidar la literatura disponible acerca de recubrimientos de dióxido de titanio sobre aleaciones de magnesio para potenciales aplicaciones en biomateriales. En este documento se hace énfasis en los recubrimientos obtenidos por medio de la de la ruta sol-gel como técnica prometedora para aplicaciones biomédicas.