bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quality of pork ham - tissue yield depending on individual factors
Authors: Radovic Cedomir , Gogic Marija , Parunovic Nenad , Radojkovic Dragan , Savic Radomir , Stanojkovic Aleksandar , Zivkovic Vladimir
Published: February 2019

The study included the progeny of three boar-sires breeds (SL - Swedish
Landrace; LW - Large White and P - Pietrain). A total of 201 progeny of both
sexes (93 female and 108 male castrated animals), originating from 16
boar-sires, were tested. The study included the progeny of 10 SL boar-sires
(sires nuRWer: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17 and 18), progeny of 3 LW sires
(sires nuRWer: 4, 5 and 6) and 3 P boar-sires (sires nuRWer 14, 19 and 20),
born in four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Studies have shown
that, with an mean weight of a warm carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest
mean values for ham weight (RW; 10.456 kg), mass of intermuscular fatty
tissue (RINT; 0.477 kg), ham bone (RB; 0.837 kg) and muscle tissue RMT,
7,939 kg) have progeny of the sires of Pietrain breed (P) compared to SL and
LW sires. In comparison to animals sired by SL and LW boars, the progeny of
P sires had less skin and subcutaneous fat tissue (RSFT) by 30 and 549
grams. Studies have shown that we have progeny of sires 7 and 9 of SL breed
which have the lowest LSMean values for the yield of skin and subcutaneous
fat tissue (869 and 876 g), which is below the mean for breed by 364 and 357
g. In addition, when it comes to intermuscular fatty tissue, the lowest
established value was recorded in the progeny of sire no. 8 of SL breed (182
g), which is by 220 g less than the general mean and by 132 g below the mean
of the sire breed. The animals originating from sires n. 19 and 20 showed
the highest weight of muscle tissue (RMT) (8.489 and 8.118 kg) in the ham,
which is by 2.853 and 2.482 kg more meat compared to the progeny of sire no.
5 of LW breed. The total weight of the ham and the ham muscle yield were
influenced by (P <0.01 and P <0.001) sire breed, sires within the breed,
gender and season of birth. A very significant (P <0.001) influence of the
weight of warm carcass sides on the ham weight and tissue yield was
determined.
Comparison of memristor models for microwave circuit simulations in time and frequency domain
Authors: Markovic Ivo , Potrebic Milka , Tosic Dejan , Cvetkovic Zlata
Published: February 2019

As reported in the open literature, there are many memristor models for the
circuit-level simulations. Some of them are not particularly suitable for
microwave circuit simulations. At RF/microwave frequencies, the memristor
dynamics become an important issue for the transition process. In this paper
we present a number of different SPICE memristor model groups. Each group is
explained using representative models, which are analysed and compared from
the microwave circuit analysis viewpoint. We consider the model behaviour at
RF/microwave frequencies and the memristance setting issues. Results are
compared and the best models are recommended.
Esthetic improvements of postorthodontic white-spot lesions treated with resin infiltration and microabrasion: A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gu Xi , Yang Lin , Yang Deqin , Gao Yuan , Duan Xiaolei , Zhu Xin , Yuan He , Li Jiyao
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To compare the esthetic improvement between postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) treated by resin infiltration and microabrasion for 12 months.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 patients with 128 teeth with postorthodontic WSLs were recruited. A simple randomized, split-mouth, positive controlled design was used to allocate patients to resin infiltration or microabrasion groups. The lesion area ratio (R value) was calculated between the area of a WSL and the labial surface of the corresponding tooth based on standardized clinical photographs. The color change (ΔE) of each tooth was measured with a Crystaleye spectrophotometer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Every measurement was taken before treatment (T0) and at different time points after treatment: 1 week (T1), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12).

Results:

A total of 16 patients with 108 trial teeth were available at T12. Each group had 54 trial teeth. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in R value and ΔE between T1 and T0 (P < .0001). In the infiltration group, the R value and ΔE had no significant changes over time from T1 to T12. In the microabrasion group, the R value and ΔE decreased significantly from T1 to T6. The R value of resin infiltration was lower when compared with microabrasion at every recall point (P < .001). The ΔE had no significant differences between the two groups at any timepoint.

Conclusions:

Resin infiltration and microabrasion improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs and showed sufficient durability for 12 months. Resin infiltration showed a better esthetic improvement effect when compared with microabrasion at 12 months.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Mekanika
Authors: Nugraheni Diah
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hal-hal yang dianggap sebagai kesulitan belajar pada materi Mekanika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan persoalan mekanika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester tiga Pendidikan IPA IKIP Veteran Jawa Tengah yang mengambil mata kuliah Mekanika. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengumpulkan informasi melalui tes diagnostik dan wawancara dengan mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes diagnostik dan pedoman wawancara. Letak kesulitan belajar mahasiswa dilihat berdasarkan kesalahan yang dibuat dalam menyelesaikan tes diagnostik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan belajar dalam mempelajari mekanika terletak pada kemampuan matematis dasar yaitu diferensial dan integral. Dengan demikian, pengajar perlu mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran sehingga kemampuan berpikir mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah semakin meningkat.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Mahasiswa dengan Menggunakan Certainty of Response Index (CRI) Pada Materi Anatomi Tubuh Manusia
Authors: Kurniasih Mike Dewi
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research was to identify and analyse the student’s misconception on human anatomy. This is a descriptive research with survey method. Instrument that is used are interview and misconception diagnostic test which include Certainty of Response Index (CRI) with range 0-5. This research identify that most of the student’s misconception appears on topic excretory system anatomy with 42,22 % dan regulatory system anatomy with 40,00%. Generally the average of student misconception on human anatomy is 27,62 %. There are 3 items of diagnostic test that shows the highest misconception, they are blood vessels color, lungs size dan the function of urethra in male and female. Misconception that is identified are commonly about structure, location, color and the organ size. Based on the interview, the factors that built the student’s are their prior concept. The prior concept formed since they were in elementary school until they became university student. Teacher, textbook, experience and learning method are contribute on their misconception.
Hubungan Aktivitas dan Respon terhadap Hasil Belajar Program Linier Setelah Diterapkan Pembelajaran Genius Learning pada Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika
Authors: Muchtadi Muchtadi , Hartono Hartono , Oktaviana Dwi
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to know the correlation of activity and response to the learning outcomes of linear program after applied learning genius learning on mathematics education program. The research method used is quantitative with the form of quasi-experimental research. The population of this study is all students of the sixth semester with a sample of one class obtained using cluster random sampling technique. The result of data analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between learning activities and responses to student learning outcomes after applied learning genius learning. Student learning activities make a significant contribution to student learning outcomes after the learning of genius learning is applied. Students' responses make a significant contribution to student learning outcomes after the learning of genius learning is applied.
ANALISIS TIPE KESALAHAN BERDASARKAN TEORI NEWMAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA DISKRIT
Authors: Oktaviana Dwi
Published: February 2019

This research aims to analyze the students' mistakes in soving math essay-tests on the discrete Mathematics using Newman error category. This descriptive research used qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are the 7th semester students of math study program of IKIP PGRI Pontianak in academic year 2016/2017. The instrument of this research was the test items analized by Newman error category and interviews. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that (1) 24% of reading errors were in form of not knowing the meaning, (2) 24%  of comprehension error is not knowing what to look for (3) 54.67% of transformation error is in form of generating function of the problem (4) 88% of error processing skill is in form of errors in the calculation and (5) 89.33% of encoding error is in form of mistakes in making  final answer of the test.
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN PAKU (PTERIDOPHYTA) DI KAWASAN KAMPUS IAIN PALANGKA RAYA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI KLASIFIKASI TUMBUHAN
Authors: Ayatusa'adah Ayatusa'adah , Dewi Nor Apriyani
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research is to have an inventory on Fern-plants in the area of IAIN Palangka Raya as an alternative media to discuss or learn about the classification of plants for high school students. The method applied was qualitative research through survey activities to have an inventory on fern-plants. In collecting the data, the procedure was done by tracking the ferns growing area and collecting every kind of ferns species found in IAIN Palangka Raya. Identification of ferns species were using the key of determination. The data of the research were analyzed descriptively to get connected with the development of alternative learning media. The inventory result has been  obtained eleven species of pteridophyta, one species of Blechnaceae family, two species of Pteridaceae, one species of Polypodiaceae, four species of Dryopteridaceae, two species of Polipodiacea and ome species of Woodsiaceae. Based on the nature of the ferns, eleven ferns are found. They consist of six types of terrestrial Pteridophyta, two types of Pteridophyta epiphytes and teresters, and three types of Pteridophyta epiphytes. The results of the research can be used as an alternative media for teaching and learning the topic of plant classification for high school students.
PROFIL JENIS PERTANYAAN SISWA SMA BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI
Authors: Lissa Lissa
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the research is to represent the classification of the students' questions based on revision of Bloom taxonomy about ecosystem material in SMAN 1 Sindang Indramayu. Subject of the research are the   students of X MIA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Sindang Indramayu. Based on the result of analysis through Revision of Bloom Taxonomy, these questions classified into cognitive aspect of C1 (remembering) 25%, C2 (Understanding) 43,75%, C3 (Doing) 12,5%, C4 (Analyzing) 6,25%, C5 (Evaluating) 12,5% and C6 (Creating) 0%. While from knowledge aspect, factual was 12,5%, conceptual 37,5%, procedural 12,5%, and cognitive 37,5%. The result of questionnaire and interview shows that the students are motivated to ask questions because the material is exciting . Besides, the students find that it is difficult to understand the concept of material. By using revision of Bloom taxonomy, it will be easier for the teacher to classify or evaluate the students' questions or difficulties about the material.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA MATERI ALAT INDERA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY PICTORIAL RIDDLE
Authors: Luzyawati Lesy
Published: February 2019

This study aims to analyse the critical thinking skills of high school students on five-senses material through the usage of inquiry pictorial riddle learning model. The type of the research used is descriptive quantitative with Pre-Experimental Design and type One-Shot Case Study. The results shows that the students' critical thinking ability were vary. Of 32 students, 50% of students can be classified into very good category, 26.5% into good category, and 23.5% students into medium category. The achievement on the five critical thinking indicators of all students were also different, in which the achievement of critical thinking indicator of giving the simplest explanation has the highest percentage of 90% (very good) compared to another indicators, building basic skill has 84% percentage (good), making conclusion 80% (good), and 60% (medium) in giving further information, in which the achievement of this indicator is the lowest compared to another indicator.  On indicator of setting strategy and tactics the percentage is 73 (good). Based on the statistical numbers above, the average thinking ability of all students in grade XI MIPA 6 SMA Negeri 1 Sindang Indramayu is 77% wich can be classified into good category.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT IINSTRUCTION (DI) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN TIK IKIP PGRI PONTIANAK
Authors: Susiaty Utin
Published: February 2019

The aims of this study were to investigate the improvement of student achievement after given DI model. This research used quasi experimental research. The data collection technique was include test methods for data for student achievement. The data was analyzed using n-gain analyzed (before-after analyzed). Based on these results it can be concluded there is improvement of student achievement after given DI model. The result of the normalized gain score analysis obtained 2 students (6.25%) got high gain score, 14 students (43,75%) got medium gain score and 16 student (50%) got low gain score and overall average gain score students of 0.26 are categorized as low.
PENGARUH MINYAK DAN GAS TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI REGIONAL: SEBUAH KUTUKAN ATAU ANUGERAH?
Authors: Fahriza Ahmad , Hartono Djoni
Published: February 2019

Natural resources, particularly oil and gas, are great benefit to the region that owns it and become one of the region's revenue sources. Nevertheless, Sachs and Warner (1995) found a phenomenon of natural resource curse indicating that the wealth of natural resources could hamper the economic growth. This research tries to see the existence of natural resource curse phenomenon in Indonesia through the performance of regional economic growth; and observes the differences of oil and gas contribution in the economic structure as an indicator of natural resource wealth in the area. Gross Regional Domestic Product Growth (PDRB) per capita without oil and gas is an indicator of the economic growth to see if the oil and gas are inhibiting or accelerating the growth of other sectors in the region's economy. Using data from 33 provinces in Indonesia within the period of 2006-2013, this study found a positive relationship between oil and gas contribution and per capita GDP growth without oil and gas. Based on these findings, natural oil and gas resources have become a boon to the province that owns them.
A novel spheroid model for preclinical intercellular nanophotosensitizer-mediated tumor study
Authors: Maklygina YuS , Romanishkin ID , Ryabova AV , Yakavec IV , Bolotin L , Loschenov VB
Published: February 2019

Aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles (NP AlPc) possess the features that make them a promising photosensitizer. In particular, AlPc NPs do not fluoresce in free nanoform, fluoresce weakly in normal tissue, strongly in tumors and very strongly in macrophages. Also, such particles fluoresce and become phototoxic when contacting certain biocomponents. The type of biocomponents that bind to AlPc NPS defines intensity, lifetime, and spectral distribution of the fluorescence. This study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of nanophotosensitizer capturing in 3D models of cell cultures. The data obtained demonstrate that AlPc NPs are captured by cells inside the spheroid in the course of the first hour, as the fluorescent signal's growth shows. Having analyzed the fluctuations of the fluorescence signal of AlPc NPs inside a spheroid, we have also discovered that the cellular 3D models are heterogeneous. Laser irradiation (two-photon excitation at λ = 780/390 nm) resulted in photobleaching of fluorescence, which is probably associated with AlPc NP deactivation. Thus, the created model comprised of a 3D cell culture and AlPc NPs provides a better insight into metabolic processes in cells than monolayer 2D cell cultures. Besides, the model allows to evaluate the photodynamic effect depending on phenotypic properties of various areas in the heterogeneous 3D-structure.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KERJASAMA MELALUI MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) BERBANTUAN METODE EDUTAINMENT PADA MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Pratiwi Ika Ari , Ardianti Sekar Dwi , Kanzunnudin Moh.
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model project based learning berbantuan edutainment. Metode penelitian yang digunakan control group post-test  design, yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Hasil uji-t analisis kemampuan kerjasama menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-hitung 3,279 > t-tabel 2,011 dan  analisis hasil belajar siswa dengan uji-t menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-hitung 2,854 > t- tabel 2, 011. Maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan kerjasama dan nilai post test siswa kelompok ekperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Dengan demikian model project based learning (PjBL) berbantuan metode edutainment dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kudus.
Perfil hematológico durante la gestación de Ovinos de Pelo Criollos (Ovis aries) en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
Authors: PLAZA CUADRADO ALBERTO SEGUNDO , HERNANDEZ PADILLA EDUARDO ENRIQUE , RUGELES PINTO CLARA CECILIA , VERGARA GARAY OSCAR DAVID , HERRERA BENAVIDES YONAIRO MANUEL
Published: February 2019

La etapa de gestación en los animales de producción es fundamental, puesto que es aquí donde comienza la línea de producción y donde se ve un incremento en las necesidades de algunos factores, los cuales pueden intervenir directamente en el mantenimiento de la preñez. Por la importancia de establecer valores de laboratorio de referencia para cada especie y sus grupos, además de poder utilizarlos como una herramienta diagnóstica que permita mejorar los índices productivos de las explotaciones, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar valores hematológicos en ovinos criollos de pelo durante la fase de gestación en el departamento de Córdoba. Fueron realizados hemogramas con un analizador automático a 74 ovejas gestantes divididas en 4 grupos (<31, 31 a 60, 61 a 90 y >91 días de gestación). Los resultados del presente estudio para las variables hematológicas de ovinos criollos colombianos no presentaron diferencias entre los grupos de gestación, en su mayoría, concuerdan con los reportados por otros investigadores en razas criollas tanto de ovinos como de caprinos de otros países. Se halló diferencia significativa (p≤0.05) entre el porcentaje de monocitos con relación al periodo de gestación en ovejas criollas, por lo cual este trabajo podría servir como ayuda clínica para determinar en cualquier tiempo de la gestación si el porcentaje de monocitos se encuentra acorde o no con el momento de la preñez.
Antonio Orejudo en la obra literaria de Antonio Orejudo
Authors: Rodríguez Santos José María
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las obras de Antonio Orejudo Un momento de descanso y Los Cinco y yo, en las que se destaca la identificación entre el autor, el narrador y el personaje. El objetivo es explicar cómo se estructuran estas obras a partir de esta característica fundamental. Para ello se revisa lo que entendemos por autoficción y cómo esta se presenta en dichas obras desde la perspectiva de los mundos posibles e imposibles y de la ruptura de la lógica ficcional o metalepsis.
ENGLISH AS THE LINGUA FRANCA OF DEVELOPMENT: FINDING COMMON CORRELATES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mohammed H.  Al-Ahdal Arif Ahmed , Abdullah Al-Awaid Salmeen Abdulrahman
Published: February 2019

Technological dependence, interconnectivity of nations, interlinked economies, and interdependent politics across countries in the global village have given a new definition to communication. With one sure though slow thrust, peoples across borders are moving towards what can be seen as one unifying characteristic for the human race: One language to communicate, and the natural choice is English. True, it is Mandarin and not English that is spoken by the largest number of people, but true also is the fact that this is more a matter of natural circumstance than choice. The second most popular language is Spanish but then, it is the English and not Spanish speaking people who are in a position to influence economies, develop trade and move the commerce. In other words, proficiency in English can be directly linked to socio-economic prosperity. In the KSA too, as in the other members of the so-called Developing Bloc of nations, there is a growing consciousness to the fact that to realise the dream of Vision 2030 and to establish a petro-money free economy, the country has to abandon its insular character and adopt a more open-door attitude. One significant factor in the success of this approach will, of course, be the ability of the people to communicate with the world. Hence the need of the hour: Proficiency in English. Globally, researchers have postulated on the effects of English learning on the ‘development’ of limited groups and even individuals. As a corollary to this observation, the role of effective communication and negotiation cannot be overstated in any circumstance that involves people. In fact, ability to ‘communicate in English’ appears to be the catch phrase in academic, political, economic, and even social situations.  However, such endeavours are notably missing in the Saudi Arabian context, given the older policies of keeping ‘outside’ influence at a minimal to preserve the purity of the local culture. The current study presents a catalogue and review of the previous studies linking socio-economic development to English with the aim to establish why and how the country stands to benefit in the long run by empowering the general public with English language.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR CLASSROOM OBSERVATION FOR EFL TEACHERS IN ARAB CONTEXT
Authors: Kutubkhanah Hanan
Published: February 2019

This study outlines a framework for Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Arab context helping them to implement classroom observations in English as education. The research study reflects on designing a wide-ranging multistep framework that helps EFL learner teachers (LT) in execution of classroom observations self-sufficiently. At the same time, it focuses on reducing the likely issue of interpersonal conflicts with other involved stakeholders. The main idea of this paper is to offer LT and instructors in EFL teacher education a practical framework in order toimplement an independent range of classroom observations, facilitating the process of classroom observations in order to add value contribution to overall professional growth of the teachers.
J GATSBY AND THE EXTERNAL AGENTS OF HIS FALL
Authors: Massiha Lale
Published: February 2019

The Great Gatsby, as the icon of 20th century American Novel generated a wide range of criticism and reactions, since its publication in 1925. J Gatsby is believed to be an undeniably true American following his American dream.He strongly believes in his success by employing all the means he owns. This is the force behind Gatsby's strong but blind belief in the fantasy of his ideally sketched future. Although he achieves his dream of financial success hetragically falls. Any classic tragic fall, definitely, claims a tragic hero guilty of a tragic flaw. Psychoanalytic studies have been conducted to identify the inner causes of this fall related to the lack of family, secured social position andhis desires. This paper, however, attempts to bring the external destructive agents of this modern tragic hero into the spotlight. The opportunity to earn wealth, to construct a fake social identity and to believe that the impossible ispossible pushes him down the hill. And that is nothing more than the very American Dream itself. This includes the possibility of social mobility, connecting with the members of higher social ranks and the wealth facilitating him touse the machinery and the new inventions of the age.
CONSTRAINT ADVERB IN KALILEH AND DIMNA
Authors: Roodsarabi Jafar , Mirdehghan Mahinnaz
Published: February 2019

Kalileh and Dimna is one of the most brilliant literary works of all time periods after its creation. It is a story that has written in a beautiful and impressive prose and includes stories that are expressed in the language of animals andat the heart of the stories, other stories are expressed that make sit even more beautiful and impressive. Kalileh and Dimna's text is a narrative text and to close the minds of the audience in terms of story concepts and desired eventsand describe the external and internal positions, the author was inevitably to use from a frequency of adverbs in various types and forms. Therefore, research in used adverbs and their classification can be helpful from the different ways. As an example it would be an appropriate way in Compilation of the historical order and on the other side, investigating adverb in an indicator and excellent literary work, such as Kalileh, for explaining the importance of adverb and its place in the sentence be useful and effectiveness. As a result, this showed that the frequency of adverbs and recognizing and introducing adverbs that are more used and important and indicator in Kalileh, it was well shown the techniques and extraordinary skills of possess of Persian Kkalileh and Dimna to use adverbs and adverbial phrases versus equivalent words and phrases in Arabic text.
A COMPARATIVE AND ANAIYTIC COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS IMAGES OF MOON AND THE SUN BASED ON ANCIENT ASTRONOMY IN NASER KHOSRO, ANVARI AND NEZAMI'S POEMS
Authors: Shahnavazi Behnaz , Jadidoleslami Habib
Published: February 2019

Sky and celestial phenomena has long been caused men's surprise, and has couraged humans to unravel the mysteries and secrets of the beauties hidden in it. The vast expanse of sky, incredible beauty of the stars, the glow of the moon, sunrise and sunset, all these things gradually increased the sense of interest and curiosity in mankind so that its manifestation can be seen in many artistic works. Among numerous astronomical elements, the sun moon is one of the planets which have had a beautiful reflection in poetry. Among the poets who had a special look at the moon, we can name three great Persian poets: Naser Khosro Ghobadiani, Anvari and Nezami. And also because of the fact that fifth and sixth century were two of the most productive periods in Persian literature, and Isfahan, Khorasan, Aran and Azarbayejan were regarded as the main centers of poetry and literature of these periods, that’s why in this article moon's manifestation has been studied in the poems of these three poets who lived in fifth and sixth centuries. This paper aims to detect, analyze, and compare various aspects of moon based on ancient astronomy in Naser Khosro, Anvari and Nezami's poems. To achieve this purpose, first the word astronomy science, astrology, and its manifestation in Persian poetry has been studied in brief. Then moon, locations of the moon and its different manifestation in the poems of these three poets have been shown, analyzed and compared. The results of this study shows that moon had been shown in the poets  of all these three poets in different forms such as showing moon in its twelve towers, cancer, Taurus, and folk beliefs about moon, eclipses.
ATTRIBUTION TENDENCY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH IRANIAN EFL STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLE AT ADVANCE LEVEL, A STRUCTURE EQUATION MODELING APPROACH
Authors: Motallebzadeh Khalil , Ebrahimi Seresht Maryam , Ardalan Javan Samaneh
Published: February 2019

This study was designed to find out whether there is any association between EFL learners attribution tendency and their learning style level at advance level. To this end 135 English learners were chosen as the subject of the study; 85 female, and 50 male. They were asked provide answers to two valid, reliable questionnaires; attribution questionnaire (ATFLL), and Reid’s (1987) PLSP Questionnaire. Having obtained the raw data, the SPSS software (version 21) was used to change the data into numerical interpretable form. Then, the correlation between the subscales of two variables was calculated. Also structure equation model was run. The result of the study indicated that there is high, positive correlation between Kinesthetic learning style and internal attribution. Moreover, Individual learning style had the highest positive correlation while group learning had the highest negative correlation with external attribution.
SURVEY OF DISASTERS IN THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF I AM MALALA (I AM MALALA: THE GIRL WHO STOOD UP FOR EDUCATION AND WAS SHOT BY THE TALIBAN)
Authors: Massiha Lale
Published: February 2019

I am Malala, the real story of the struggles of a girl who, unlike her elderly, did not remain silent, injustice and in order to bring the voices of the Pakistani girls to the victims of the bullying of the Taliban. Malala Yousafzai has gained world renown and released the story of her life with the help of Christina Lem in the story of a biography in 2013. Malala's militant spirit and his rhetoric have been of great interest to the world. But what caused Malala's fate was evil and evil that he had in his life from the beginning of his birth in various ways. In the present study, Kant's viewpoint is about moral misconduct, which suggests that evil does not have a super-human origin. Based on this, evil is being studied at its various levels and in the stages of Malala's life. In addition, John Kick's and Claudia Cardre's ideas have been used to analyze the intentions, motives, feelings and responsibilities of evil, organizational and individual evil in the novel "I am Malala". In other words, with the help of these theories and definitions, there are some kinds of evil in the novel, which at first glance is a normal part of the life of the characters of the story. The false beliefs and insistence on their continued existence make the various bad forms in Malala's life. With a carefulreading of the novel, one can show badly in the society and the context in which the story is formed. In a nutshell, theorists, including Hannah Arendt, refer to Hitler and the Holocaust, and then cite other examples. The present study seeks to add the Taliban to this list by showing the organizational weakness in this novel. The study seeks to show that evil in modern literature is not created by super-human forces or witch women, and terror and war are not even bad ones. But any harassment or enjoyment of the suffering of others or even silence against the suffering of others is evil and has irreparable negative effects on the lives of the characters what can be seen in the place of Malala's life.
THE EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE INSTRUCTION ON MAXIMIZING EFL LEARNERS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN LISTENING
Authors: Assadi Mahsa
Published: February 2019

This study reports a pre-experimental research on the impact of metacognitive instruction on EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness and their listening performance. To obtain the goal of the study, a group of 30 Iranian intermediate EFL learners, including 14 males and 16 females, were selected randomly. Their ages range from 20 to 24. The participants took part in 16 weeks’ intervention program based on metacognitive pedagogical sequence consisted of five stages. The metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire (MALQ), and a listening test were also used to find changes in metacognitive awareness and listening performance before and after the treatment. The results of comparing pre and posttests scores revealed that metacognitive instruction raised the learners’ metacognitive awareness and helped them improve their listening comprehension ability.
Szczepienia ochronne u dorosłych chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne oraz u chorych z asplenią – zalecenia PTHiT i sekcji do spraw zakażeń PALG
Authors: Hus Iwona , Piekarska Agnieszka , Roliński Jacek , Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Giannopoulos Krzysztof , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Piątkowska-Jakubas Beata , Wierzbowska Agnieszka , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Giebel Sebastian , Robak Tadeusz , Gil Lidia
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Zakażenia należą do najczęstszych przyczyn chorobowości i śmiertelności chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne, a stosowanie szczepień ochronnych może w istotnym stopniu wpłynąć na zmniejszenie częstości ich występowania. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd danych dotyczących ryzyka zakażeń oraz skuteczności immunizacji czynnej u chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne i u pacjentów z anatomiczną lub czynnościową asplenią. Ponadto zawarto rekomendacje dla populacji polskich pacjentów opracowane przez Sekcję Zakażeń Polskiej Grupy ds. Leczenia Białaczek u Dorosłych (PALG) oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Hematologów i Transfuzjologów. Uwzględniono zarówno zalecenia ogólne dotyczące chorych na nowotwory, jak i szczegółowe odnoszące się do określonych nowotworów hematologicznych. Przedstawiono również propozycje poprawy organizacji szczepień u chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne w Polsce.
Nowe terapie w leczeniu szpiczaka z wysokim ryzykiem cytogenetycznym
Authors: Grząśko Norbert , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Dmoszyńska Anna , Giannopoulos Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Przeżycie pacjentów ze szpiczakiem plazmocytowym (ang. multiple myeloma – MM) poprawiło się znacznie w ostatnich kilkunastu latach dzięki wprowadzeniu do terapii nowych leków, takich jak inhibitory proteasomu czy leki immunomodulujące. Pomimo tego MM pozostaje nieuleczalną chorobą o bardzo heterogennym przebiegu i zróżnicowanym rokowaniu. Istnieje grupa pacjentów, których przeżycie sięga ponad 10 lat, a równocześnie wielu chorych nie osiąga nigdy dobrej odpowiedzi na leczenie i żyje krócej niż 3 lata. Aktualnie stosowana klasyfikacja R-ISS (ang. Revised International Scoring System) uwzględnia del(17p), t(4;14) i t(14;16) jako negatywne czynniki ryzyka. Według ostatnich zaleceń Międzynarodowej Grupy Szpiczakowej (ang. International Myeloma Working Group – IMWG) do zmian wysokiego ryzyka należą t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p), amp(1q) i równoznaczna z nią del(1p) oraz hipodiploidia. W poniższym artykule przedstawiono definicję wysokiego ryzyka cytogenetycznego w MM oraz wpływ nowych terapii na rokowanie i wyniki leczenia u chorych z tej grupy.
Selected factors influencing angiogenesis and hematopoietic niche
Authors: Nowicki Mateusz , Stelmach Piotr , Szmigielska-Kapłon Anna
Published: February 2019

Angiogenesis is the vital, multistage process in which new blood vessels are created by sprouting from pre-existing vessels. It takes part in carcinogenesis and contributes to progression, metastases, and dissemination of neoplastic disease. In the bone marrow, angiogenesis influences the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of normal hematopoiesis under both physiological and stress conditions. The bone marrow niche contains different types of cells, including macrophages, osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitors, and endothelial cells. All of these interact and form a unique microenvironment necessary for the appropriate function, and preservation of HSC in the quiescent state, and take a major part in the process of mobilization to peripheral blood and homing after transplantation. Cytokines active in the hematopoietic niche as well as miRNAs regulating hemato- poiesis, and angiogenesis have a significant influence on processes occurring in the bone marrow. The aim of this review was to present selected proteins, and molecules associated with angiogenesis as well as bone marrow niche processes: VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, MMP-9, SDF-1, miRNA-15a, miRNA-16, miRNA-126, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-223.
Statystyka w praktyce hematologicznej
Authors: Andrasiak Iga , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Wraz ze stale rosnącą liczbą badań w dziedzinie hematologii, znajomość metod statystycznych wykorzystywanych w analizie i interpretacji wyników stała się niezbędnym narzędziem pracy klinicystów. W artykule omówiono najczęściej stosowane testy statystyczne oraz zdefiniowano punkty końcowe stosowane podczas raportowania rezultatów badań klinicznych. Testy statystyczne funkcjonują na zasadzie testowania hipotez. Odrzucenie lub nieodrzucenie danej hipotezy zależy od wybranego poziomu istotności oraz wyliczonej wartości p. Z kolei otrzymany przedział ufności wskazuje na wielkość efektu i precyzję oszacowania. W hematologii głównie raportowanymi punktami końcowymi są: całkowite przeżycie (ang. overall survival – OS), przeżycie wolne od progresji (ang. progression-free survival – PFS), odpowiedź na leczenie (ang. overall response rate – ORR) oraz coraz częściej spotykana, ocena terapii raportowana przez pacjenta (patient reported outcome – PRO). Biorąc pod uwagę kierunek rozwoju medycyny, znajomość biostatystyki jest niezbędna w podejmowaniu decyzji terapeutycznych, a także ocenianiu, interpretowaniu i raportowaniu wyników przeprowadzonych badań.
Wykrywanie mutacji w genie CALR oraz w genie ASXL1 u chorych na nadpłytkowość samoistną i samoistne włóknienie szpiku przy pomocy sekwencjonowania Sangera oraz analizy długości fragmentów DNA
Authors: Link-Lenczowska Dorota , Dryja Łukasz , Zapała Barbara , Krochmalczyk Dorota , Sacha Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Mutacje w eksonie 9 genuCALRoraz w eksonie 13 genuASXL1należą do markerów molekularnych o znaczeniu diagnostycznym i rokowniczym u chorych na nadpłytkowość samoistną (essential thrombocythemia– ET) oraz samoistne włóknienie szpiku (myelofibrosis– MF). Celem pracy było opracowanie i wdrożenie metod wykrywania mutacji w obu genach przy użyciu techniki sekwencjonowania Sangera oraz analizy długości fragmentów DNA. Przebadano 20 chorych na ET oraz 20 na MF. Sekwencjonowanie Sangera stosowano w wykrywaniu mutacji w obu genach, a analizę długości fragmentów DNA w wykrywaniu mutacji genuCALR. Typ 1 mutacji w genieCALRwykryto u 67% chorych na ET i u 86% chorych na MF, typ 2 mutacji potwierdzono u 15% ET i MF. Czułość diagnostyczna analizy długości fragmentów DNA wynosiła 3% obciążenia nieprawidłowym allelem, przy dolnej granicy detekcji 7-10% dla sekwencjonowania Sangera. Mutacje eksonu 13 genuASXL1wykryto u 25% chorych na MF (czułość 25%). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duże zalety praktyczne analizy długości fragmentów DNA jako techniki przesiewowej w diagnostyce ET oraz MF. Jej zastosowanie wraz z konwencjonalnym sekwencjonowaniem pozwala na wiarygodne wykrywanie i identyfikację aberracji genuCALR. Jednoczesna analiza mutacji somatycznych w genachCALRorazASXL1ułatwia diagnostykę różnicową chorych na MPN Ph- i służy stratyfikacji ryzyka w ich przebiegu.
Znaczenie badań molekularnych dla oceny ryzyka i rokowania u chorych na pierwotne włóknienie szpiku w oparciu o wskaźniki prognostyczne IPSS, DIPSS oraz MIPSS
Authors: Link-Lenczowska Dorota , Sacha Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Ocena ryzyka w przebiegu PMF opiera się o powszechnie uznawane skale prognostyczne. Wskaźniki IPSS oraz DIPSS bazują na parametrach klinicznych pacjenta, natomiast skala MIPSS uwzględnia dodatkowo mutacje somatyczne. Celem niniejszej pracy było dokonanie oceny ryzyka u chorych na PMF z wykorzystaniem skal IPSS, DIPSS i MIPSS oraz porównanie wyników stratyfikacji w oparciu o te wskaźniki. Według IPSS, DIPSS i MIPSS 10% pacjentów zostało zakwalifikowanych do grupy niskiego ryzyka, odpowiednio 40%, 60% i 35% do pośredniego – 1, a 25%, 20% i 55% do pośredniego – 2. Według IPSS i DIPSS 25% i 10% pacjentów zaszeregowano do grupy wysokiego ryzyka, według MIPSS żaden chory nie spełniał kryteriów kwalifikujących do tej grupy. Do wyższej kategorii ryzyka według MIPSS zakwalifikowano odpowiednio 25% oraz 35% pacjentów kwalifikowanych do niższej kategorii przy pomocy wskaźników IPSS oraz DIPSS (odpowiednio 15% i 23% pacjentów zmieniło kategorię ryzyka z pośredniego – 1 według IPSS i DIPSS na ryzyko pośrednie – 2 według MIPSS). Do niższej kategorii ryzyka według MIPSS przydzielono w sumie 45% pacjentów z kategorii większego ryzyka według skali IPSS i 20% według skali DIPSS. Zastosowanie skali prognostycznej MIPSS może zapewnić większą trafność w identyfikacji osób należących do wyższych kategorii ryzyka i doprowadzić do zmiany leczenia obejmującego także procedurę allo-HSCT.
Ruksolitynib w leczeniu pierwotnej mielofibrozy w fazie akceleracji i z małopłytkowością – opis przypadku
Authors: Cioch Maria
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Pierwotna mielofibroza (primary myelofibrosis – PMF) jest Ph-negatywnym nowotworem mieloproliferacyjnym, charakteryzującym się włóknieniem szpiku, cytopeniami oraz objawami ogólnymi, które w istotny sposób wpływają na jakość i długość życia. Stosowanie ruksolitynibu, inhibitora kinaz JAK1 i JAK2 prowadzi do zmniejszenia wymiarów śledziony, a także nasilenia objawów ogólnych, co poprawia jakość życia. Tego typu terapia rekomendowana jest u chorych z objawową mielofibrozą z grupy ryzyka pośredniego 2 i wysokiego. Opublikowano dotąd niewiele doniesień dotyczących zastosowania ruksolitynibu w zaawansowanych fazach PMF: akceleracji i zaostrzenia blastycznego. Ważnym klinicznie problemem jest także prowadzenie chorych ze współistniejącą małopłytkowością.

W pracy przedstawiono chorą na PMF, u której ruksolitynib z dobrym skutkiem stosowany jest od 4 lat w fazie akceleracji, przy współistniejącej małopłytkowości. Rozpoznanie PMF postawiono w 2008 r. W ciągu piewszych 5 lat w leczeniu stosowano hydroksykarbamid, talidomid, prednizon i radioterapię śledziony. W roku 2013 rozpoznano akcelerację choroby, charakteryzującą się obecnością 10% blastów w szpiku, splenomegalią dużego stopnia, małopłytkowością oraz nasileniem objawów ogólnych. Leczenie ruksolitynibem rozpoczęto w grudniu 2013 r. Dawka leku, zależnie od liczby płytek krwi, wahała sie od 5 mg raz dziennie do 20 mg 2 razy dziennie. Terapia ruksolitynibem jest kontynuowana do dzisiaj, tj. ponad 4 lata. Jej efektem jest redukcja wymiarów śledziony, ustąpienie objawów ogólnych, poprawa jakości życia oraz stabilizacja odsetka komórek blastycznych w szpiku. Prezentowany przypadek jest przykładem na skuteczność ruksolitynibu w fazie zaawansowanej PMF dzięki indywidualizacji dawkowania leku.
Zespół hemofagocytowy indukowany terapią hormonalną – studium przypadku klinicznego
Authors: Szymczyk Agnieszka , Klimek Monika , Podhorecka Monika , Kowal Małgorzata , Tomczak Waldemar , Kozińska Justyna , Suszek Dorota , Majdan Maria , Hus Marek
Published: February 2019

Streszczenie

Zespół hemofagocytowy (ang. hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis – HLH) charakteryzuje się nieprawidłową aktywacją układu immunologicznego, u podłoża której leżą zmiany genetyczne lub nabyte zaburzenia cytotoksyczności limfocytów T i NK. Objawy kliniczne są niespecyficzne i różnorodne, a postawienie rozpoznania, pomimo dostępności badań dodatkowych, jest niezwykle trudne. W artykule zaprezentowano przypadek kliniczny chorej, u której pierwotnie w obrazie klinicznym dominowała nawracająca gorączka oraz zmiany skórne sugerujące rozpoznanie rumienia guzowatego. Pomimo rozpoczęcia steroidoterapii oraz stosowania empirycznej antybiotykoterapii stan pacjentki nie ulegał poprawie. Do objawów klinicznych dołączyły się splenomegalia oraz zaburzenia w badaniach dodatkowych: trójukładowa cytopenia, hiperferrytynemia, hipertriglicerydemia, hipofibrynogenemia. Ponadto w obrazie histopatologicznym szpiku kostnego stwierdzono obecność hemofagocytów. Na podstawie obrazu klinicznego oraz badań dodatkowych postawiono rozpoznanie HLH. W terapii zastosowano chemioterapię zgodnie z protokołem HLH-2004, uzyskując całkowitą remisję.
Assessment of Environmental Factors on Secondary Metabolites and Toxicological Effects of Datura metel Leaves Extracts
Authors: Raheem Modinah A.O. Abdul , Sulaiman Faoziyat A. , Abdulrahim Halimat A. , Ahmed Olatunde , Yusuf Kamil O. , Mukadam Abdulrahman A. , Ganiyu Latifat O. , Kamilu Lateef A. , Oladepo Khadijat B. , Alimi Grace O. , Afolayan Daniel , Odeniran Taiwo
Published: February 2019

This study evaluated the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, toxicological and environmental potentials of the Datura metel (D. metel) leaves extracts. Fresh leaves of D. metel were harvested at three different times of the day (morning, afternoon and evening), extraction done in succession using n-hexane and ethanol solvents respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis for specific gravity, pH, colour, total ash and moisture contents of the dried extracts were determined. The characterisation of the bioactive compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, showed the presence of different compounds at the three different times of the day, out of which phytol and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid were present at all times. These results confirmed that some bioactive compounds present in this plant are dependent on environmental factor , time of harvest and the choice of solvent used while the presence of others are independent on these factors. Each extract was administered orally to Wistar rats for two weeks. There were significant difference (p < 0.05) in activities of AST (serum and heart), ALT (liver and serum) and ALP (Serum, liver and kidney), as well as the concentrations of albumin and protein in the liver and serum and urea in the serum of experimental rats given n-hexane and ethanolic extracts of D. metel. Generally it also suggest that the leaf extracts collected at three different times of the day had some significant toxicological effect, thus may not be totally safe for consumption at the dosage indicated since tissues membranes integrity of the Wistar rats were not potentially preserved.
Animal occurrence in fragmented forest habitats – important factors at the patch and landscape scale
Authors: Banul Rafał , Kosewska Agnieszka , Borkowski Jakub
Published: February 2019

To date, in research, the main determinants influencing animal assemblages in fragmented forests have been considered to be forest island area and degree of isolation. Such a simplistic approach may have detrimental effects on the obtained results and conclusions, since there are a large number of other factors determining animal persistence in forest islands. In order to identify these factors and evaluate their importance, we reviewed the scientific literature on the topic. In addition to the island area, also patch shape, edge effects and local plant community structure are crucial factors affecting animal assemblages at the forest island scale. At the landscape scale, the total number of forest islands and their combined area, matrix permeability, occurrence of wide ecological corridors as well as isolated trees and woodlands appear to be the most significant factors.

Our review further indicates that many of these elements also tend to interact. For instance, edge effects may reduce the area of suitable habitat in a forest patch. Furthermore, some fragmentation effects may be masked by species traits e.g. mobility, food preferences or habitat specialisation. The landscape context also plays a crucial role in animal persistence in fragmented forests. We thus conclude that there is a strong need to investigate the above-mentioned components of habitat fragmentation at the local and landscape scale using appropriate bio-indicators.