bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Climate Governance Contribution and Future of the Clean Development Mechanism
Authors: Kelly Gerard
Published: November 2018

This article assesses the contribution of the clean development mechanism (cdm) to climate governance. The cdm emerged as the key offset mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, but its contribution to climate governance remains contested. This article deconstructs the cdm by evaluating the mechanism’s dominant critiques and offers a synthesised analysis of its core design and operational defects. The implications of the Paris Agreement, particularly the prospect of a successor mechanism to the cdm, are evaluated, and inform this article’s vision of a reconstructed mechanism as an important component in the evolving carbon markets infrastructure. Although such a reconstructed mechanism would continue to build a base of regulatory experience in less developing countries, this article suggests that the framework emerging under the Paris Agreement should more carefully circumscribe the cdm’s future role. Finally, this article concludes by considering the potential climate governance contribution of a reconstructed cdm.
Law Reform, Child Maltreatment and the un Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Polonko Karen A. , Lombardo Lucien X. , Bolling Ian M.
Published: November 2018

Scholars and practitioners stress the need for systematic research on the implementation of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) and its potential impact on children’s rights. Our study focused on one aspect of implementation – law reform. Drawing primarily on reports to the crc Committee for 179 countries, results show for most countries, implementation is limited and focused far more on child-welfare than child-rights based legislation. The relationship of measures of law reform/legal regime (most notably, the existence of customary law and laws banning corporal punishment) to children’s experience of rights, child physical abuse and mortality, is analysed and theoretically grounded.
A Child Rights-Based Approach to Anti-Violence Efforts in Schools
Authors: Collins Tara M. , Paré Mona
Published: November 2018

Attention to school violence amongst children has grown over the last decade with increased research, civil society programmes, government policies and legislation to prevent and counter bullying and other types of violence. Yet, there is a major gap in current research and efforts due to the absence of a child rights-based approach (crba). What does a crba to anti-violence efforts involve? This paper provides a rationale in favour of a rights-based approach and then defines a crba.
Human Rights Protection and Traditional Churches in the System of National Cooperation in Hungary
Authors: Mink Júlia
Published: November 2018

Hungary adopted its new Fundamental Law and new legislative framework on the legal status of churches, religious denominations and religious communities in 2011, as part of a number of constitutional changes leading to the dismantlement of democracy, rule of law and human rights protection. In relation to the new legislative framework of state-church relations, much assessment so far focused on how the installment of a “pluralist system of state churches” led to an institutional and partly moral establishment, jeopardizing and curtailing the religious freedom of non-established religious denominations. However, it has been less investigated how the “pluralist system of state churches” and related constitutional changes affected a number of human rights (e.g. the right to private and family life or the right to education) and the position of traditional churches, especially, in view of their autonomy. The paper intends to show that the close entanglement of the state and its traditional churches led to the deterioration of the protection of a number of human rights while it also undermined the autonomy of these churches.
Two New Genera and Species of the Family Pteromalidae from Sweden
Authors: HEDQVIST KARL-JOHAN
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The author describes two new genera and species belonging to the family Pteromalidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea). One genus named Smeagolia gen. n. with the type species S. perplexa sp. n. was collected in South Sweden, province Skane (Scania). The second genus Nazgulia gen. n. with type species N. petiolata sp. n. is from the provinces Uppland and Narke in Sweden.
Zakir Naik and His Audiences: A Case Study of Srinagar, Kashmir
Authors: Mir Raoof
Published: November 2018

Most literature on Mumbai-based Muslim tele-Islamicist Zakir Naik offers an organizational, biographical and ideological profile. This approach has concealed the symbolic significance attached to Naik by his audiences. This paper attempts to explore not only who and what Naik is, but how and where he is located. By incorporating ethnographic and cultural studies approaches, this paper offers fresh insight into Naik and his methods of communicating religion. Taking Srinagar, a city in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, as an ethnographic site, this paper explores how Muslim individuals or groups interpret Naik in relation to their religious worldviews. The articulation of Islam by Zakir Naik through media platforms such as television and social media has contributed to a religious trend in Kashmir, in which people have discovered new ways to think about themselves and to participate in discourses about religion that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago.
Taxonomic review of the plant bug genus Campylomma Reuter from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Nasocorini), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide , Schuh Randall T. , Duwal Ram Keshari
Published: November 2018

The nasocorine plant bug genus Campylomma Reuter from Japan and neighboring regions is reviewed. Twelve species are currently recognized. Several species, which have pale basic coloration, are rediagnosed, with emphasis on the male and female genitalia as significant taxonomic characters. Two new species, C. fukagawai and C. tanakakiana, are described and figured, and C. marjorae Schuh is reported from Japan for the first time and diagnosed. The females of three taxonomically confused species, C. eurycephala Yasunaga, C. livida Reuter and C. lividicornis Reuter, are documented in detail and figured for the first time. Female specimens of the most frequently encountered congeners, C. lividicornis Reuter and C. livida Reuter, can now be unequivocally identified. Confidently associated final-instar immatures are figured for C. aterrima Yasunaga and C. livida Reuter. Confirmed host plant associations are reported for most treated species. Campylomma chinensis [= chinense] Schuh is proposed as a junior synonym of C. livida Reuter, and C. chichijima Carvalho is regarded as nomen dubium. A checklist and a key to species are provided, which are applicable to the faunas of Japan, and of Korea, NE China the Russian Far East and Taiwan as well.
The occurrence of stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with a review of cluster formation in the Diopsidae
Authors: Feijen Hans R. , Martin Ralph , Feijen Cobi
Published: November 2018

Catalogue and distribution data are presented for the six Diopsidae species known to occur in the Arabian Peninsula: Sphyracephala beccarii, Chaetodiopsis meigenii, Diasemopsis aethiopica, Diopsis arabica, Diopsis mayae and Diopsis sp. (ichneumonea species group). The biogeographical aspects of their distribution are discussed. Records of Diopsis apicalis and Diopsis collaris are removed from the list for Arabia as these were based on misidentifications. Synonymies involving Diasemopsis aethiopica and Diasemopsis varians are discussed. Only one out of four specimens in the D. elegantula type series proved conspecific with D. aethiopica. The synonymy of D. aethiopica and D. varians is rejected. A lectotype for Diasemopsis elegantula is now designated. D. elegantula is proposed as junior synonym of D. varians. A fly cluster of more than 80,000 Sphyracephala beccarii, observed in Oman, is described. The occurrence of cluster formations in the Diopsidae is reviewed, while a possible explanation is indicated.
Continuous Social Defeat Induces Depression-Like Symptoms Including Anhedonia and Slowed Time Perception that are Rapidly Reversed by Ketamine
Authors: Yin Bin , Thönes Sven , Cheng Ruey-Kuang , Wang Ning , Covington Herbert E. , Meck Warren H.
Published: November 2018

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to social defeat and subordination by aggressive male Long–Evans rats. The social defeat procedure involved the continuous exposure to an aggressive resident for 10 days, while living in a protective cage within the resident’s home cage with daily brief confrontations. These stress experiences resulted in 1) reduced body weight; 2) decreased social interaction; 3) increased ultrasonic vocalizations; 4) reduced sucrose preference (anhedonia); and 5) decreased clock speed while timing 15-s and 45-s target durations in a bi-peak procedure. Treatment with ketamine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a rapid reversal of anhedonia and overproduction of duration. Taken together, these data provide the first evaluation of the effects of continuous social defeat and its associated depression-like symptoms on timing and time perception using a ‘state change’ design.
Wood anatomical variables in tropical trees and their relation to site conditions and individual tree morphology
Authors: Fichtler Esther , Worbes Martin
Published: November 2018

For a better understanding of the influence of external growth factors on the wood structure, samples of 139 tropical trees were analysed across plant families and a wide climatic gradient. For all samples a unique data set on climate, site and forest stand conditions is available. Different vessel variables as well as the relative cross-sectional area of vessel, parenchyma and fibre tissue were studied in individual tree rings of varying sizes. High within-species and within-site variation of wood anatomical variables was observed which was higher than inter-species and -site variation. In addition, between-ring variation within many individuals was higher than variation between individuals. The differences within individuals show how trees can adapt or adjust to environmental variability and can provide information about the plasticity of a species under changing environmental conditions. The variable ‘vessel diameter’ showed the strongest and most significant correlations to other wood anatomical variables, but also to climate parameters and tree morphology. Thereby tree size (DBH & height) and crown exposure to light had the strongest impact on vessel size and consequently on hydraulic stem architecture. General climate conditions only showed a weak influence on vessel variables. The principal component analyses revealed a strong influence of tree morphology and a weaker influence of climate on the hydraulic stem architecture. In contrast the general climatic site conditions strongly influenced fibre and parenchyma tissue.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Authors: Peihani Maziar
Published: November 2018

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (bcbs) was established in 1974 as an informal group of central bankers and bank supervisors with the mandate to formulate supervisory standards and guidelines. Although the Committee does not have any formal supranational authority, it is the de facto global banking regulator and its recommendations have been widely implemented by member and non-member states. This project investigates the bcbs’s governance, operation, and policy outcomes to determine the extent to which it is and has been legitimate. The project is comprised of two parts. This part overviews the literature on the bcbs, outlines its contribution, and provides a primer on the Committee’s governance and functions. In addition, it engages with the current theories on legitimacy and discusses what legitimacy means for the global governance of banking and how it can be assessed.
Finding Meaning in Time and Space: Periodisation and Taiwanese-centric History
Authors: Dawley Evan N.
Published: November 2018

This essay explores the practice of a Taiwanese-centric historiography that prioritises the study of peoples rather than states. It reconceptualises the manner in which Taiwan’s history has been periodised by moving away from political history to divide time according to major transformations for the main long-term populations of the island—indigenous groups and multiple waves of Chinese settlers—and their interactions with each other, the governing entities, and the island itself. It traces the differential processes through which people created and adopted Taiwanese identities. Though not a traditional state-of-the-field essay, it builds upon a body of existing scholarship and demarcates Taiwan’s history into four eras at three watershed zones: the 1650s–1670s, the 1870s–1880s, and the 1970s–1990s. It draws connections to the study of Chinese history and uses scholarship on United States history for insights into the incorporation of indigenous and minority groups into a single narrative of the past.
Quaker Studies: An Overview
Authors: Daniels C. Wess , Healey Robynne Rogers , Kershner Jon R. , Angell Stephen W. , Dandelion Pink
Published: November 2018

In this introductory volume to Brill’s series on Quaker Studies, Quaker Studies, An Overview: The Current State of the Field, C. Wess Daniels, Robynne Rogers Healey, and Jon Kershner investigate Quaker Studies, divided into the three fields of history, theology and philosophy, and sociology.

With a focus on schisms, transatlantic networks, colonialism, abolition, gender and equality, and pacifism from Quaker origins onward, Healey explores the rich diversity and complexity of research and interpretation that has emerged in Quaker history.

In his chapter, Kershner explores comparisons and divergences in contemporary Quaker theology and philosophy. Special attention is paid to Quaker biblical hermeneutics, mysticism, ethics, epistemology and Global Quakerism.

Daniels looks at the sociology of Quakerism as a new field of study that has only recently begun to be explored and developed. This chapter surveys the field of sociological work done within Quakerism from the 1960s to the present day.
Five new species of Buenoa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from Colombia
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: November 2018

The study describes five species of the genus Buenoa, B. tumaquensis, B. anomala, B. dactylis, B. burtsa, and B. prosthetus, from the -Pacific Coast of Colombia. A -key to determine the species of the genus in Colombia is provided.
Second contribution to the knowledge of water mites from the Comoros, with the description of one new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
Authors: SMIT HARRY , PESIC VLADIMIR , MARY-SASAL NATHALIE
Published: November 2018

New records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from the Comoros are presented. One species new to science, Africasia comorosensis is described; first records are given for Torrenticola sp. and Atractides thoracatus Koenike, 1898.
Description of Asiothrixus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and two new species with diagnoses and a puparial key to species
Authors: DUBEY ANIL KUMAR , KO CHIUN-CHENG , MARTIN JON H.
Published: November 2018

A new Asian genus is diagnosed, Asiothrixus, with Aleurothrixus antidesmae Takahashi as type species, together with Asiothrixus smilaceti (Takahashi) comb. nov., Asiothrixus silvestris (Corbett) comb. nov., Asiothrixus specialis sp. nov. and Asiothrixus unicus sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for both A. antidesmae and A. smilaceti. Characteristics of the new genus are discussed, and puparial diagnoses and illustrations for the species provided, together with a puparial key to species.
Revision of Camarota Meigen (Diptera: Chloropidae), with a new species from Uganda
Authors: RICCARDI PAULA RAILE , VON TSCHIRNHAUS MICHAEL
Published: November 2018

The genus Camarota is revised with the description of a new species—C. ugandae—and a key to species. The genus Paracamarota Cherian is considered here as a new junior synonym of Camarota. Distinctive morphological characters, such as the dark transverse band on the arista, the “vena spuria” of the wing and the placement of apical scutellar bristles, are interpreted.
Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in AIMP1 Cause a Rare Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Accogli Andrea , Guerrero Kether , D’Agostino Maria Daniela , Tran Luan , Cieuta-Walti Cécile , Thiffault Isabelle , Chénier Sébastien , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Majewski Jacek ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Bernard Geneviève
Published: November 2018

AIMP1/p43, is a noncatalytic component of the mammalian multi-tRNA synthetase complex that catalyzes the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. AIMP1 is largely expressed in the central nervous system, where it is part of the regulatory machine of the neurofilament assembly, playing a crucial role in neuronal development and function. To date, nonsense mutations in AIMP1 have been associated with a primary neurodegenerative disorder consisting of cerebral atrophy, hypomyelination, microcephaly and epilepsy, whereas missense mutations have recently been linked to intellectual disability without neurodegeneration. Here, we report the first French-Canadian patient with a novel frameshift AIMP1 homozygous mutation (c.191_192delAA, p.Gln64Argfs*25), resulting in a severe neurodegenerative phenotype. We review and discuss the phenotypic spectrum associated with AIMP1 pathogenic variants.
Predictors for Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Rubber Farmers: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Udom Chadayu , Kanlayanaphotporn Rotsalai , Janwantanakul Prawit
Published: November 2018

High prevalence of low back pain (LBP) has been reported among farmers. A number of contributing factors have been associated with LBP. However, predictors for LBP in this population are unknown. This longitudinally designed study aimed to identify the predictors of LBP in a sample of rubber farmers whose work involves heavy manual labor. Three hundred and twenty-seven rubber farmers, aged 18 to 70 years who reported no LBP in the previous year, were face-to-face interviewed and examined physically. The incidence of LBP was assessed monthly. The 12-month incidence of LBP in the cohort was 35%. Having a history of LBP (hazard ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.30) and an active job (hazard ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.16-3.40) were the predictors for the new onset of LBP in this sample. These 2 factors could therefore potentially be targeted to prevent or reduce the incidence of LBP in rubber farmers.
Artificial intelligence in architecture: Generating conceptual design via deep learning
Authors: As Imdat , Pal Siddharth , Basu Prithwish
Published: November 2018

Artificial intelligence, and in particular machine learning, is a fast-emerging field. Research on artificial intelligence focuses mainly on image-, text- and voice-based applications, leading to breakthrough developments in self-driving cars, voice recognition algorithms and recommendation systems. In this article, we present the research of an alternative graph-based machine learning system that deals with three-dimensional space, which is more structured and combinatorial than images, text or voice. Specifically, we present a function-driven deep learning approach to generate conceptual design. We trained and used deep neural networks to evaluate existing designs encoded as graphs, extract significant building blocks as subgraphs and merge them into new compositions. Finally, we explored the application of generative adversarial networks to generate entirely new and unique designs.
Enriched environment on the intestinal mucosal barrier and brain–gut axis in rats with colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Dun , Jiang Xiao-Ying , Zhou Lan-Shu
Published: November 2018

An enriched environment (EE) is an animal housing technique in which animals are given increased amounts of space, physical activity, and social interaction. Currently, researchers studying EE focus mainly on its effects within the context of neurological diseases. However, little is known about how EE affects the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study assessed the effects of EE on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with colorectal cancer. A rat model of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer was used. The rats were housed in eight conditions for eight weeks: EE, large cages containing eight rats with stimulating objects; enlarged space and socially enriched conditions (ES), large cages containing eight rats; enlarged space and cognition enriched conditions (EC), large cages containing one rat with stimulating objects; enlarged space enriched conditions (E), large cages containing one rat; cognition and socially enriched conditions (CS), four to five rats housed in standard cages containing stimulating objects; cognition enriched conditions (C), rats housed individually in small-size cages containing stimulating objects; socially enriched conditions (S), standard cages containing four rats; and normal conditions (blank group, B). We determined the weight of each rat, measured the intestinal mucosa and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), ghrelin, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), occludin, bacterial translocation (BT), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and assessed the morphology of the intestinal mucosa. On the whole, the combination of cognitive stimulus and social support was better than the combination of three factors in maintenance of the intestinal mucosal immune barrier and brain–gut peptide. The combination of all three factors and combination of cognitive training and social support were more effective than any single factor. Future studies are needed to study the effects of an EE on body weight, brain–gut peptide, and the intestinal mucosa biological barrier.

Impact statement

An enriched environment (EE) is an animal housing technique where animals are given increased amounts of space, physical activity, and social interaction. Presently, researchers studying EEs focus mainly on their effects within the context of neurological diseases. However, little is known about how EEs affect the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study assessed the effects of an EE on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with colorectal cancer.
50 years of decoding olfaction
Authors: Brennan Peter A
Published: November 2018

The identification, in the late 20th century, of unexpectedly large families of G-protein-coupled chemosensory receptors revolutionised our understanding of the olfactory system. The discovery that non-selective olfactory sensory neurons express a single olfactory receptor type and project to a specific glomerulus in the main olfactory bulb provided fundamental insight into the spatial pattern of odour representation in the main olfactory bulb. Studies using head-fixed awake mice and optogenetics have revealed the importance of the timing of glomerular input in relation to the sniff cycle and the role of piriform cortex in odour object recognition. What in the 1970s had appeared to be a relatively simple dichotomy between odour detection by the main olfactory system and pheromone detection by the vomeronasal system has been found to consist of multiple subsystems. These mediate innate responses to odours and pheromones and to substances as diverse as O2, volatile urinary constituents, peptides and proteins.
Patterns of Opioid Prescription, Use, and Costs Among Patients With Advanced Cancer and Inpatient Palliative Care Between 2008 and 2014
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Lu Zhanni , Reddy Suresh K. , Rodriguez EdenMae C. , Nguyen Kristy , Waletich-Flemming Marie J. , Lim Kyu-Hyoung , Memon Aksha , Nguyen Nhu-Nhu , Rofheart Kristy W. , Wang Guoqin , Barla Srikanth Reddy , Wu Jimin , Williams Janet L. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:

An understanding of opioid prescription and cost patterns is important to optimize pain management for patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to determine opioid prescription and cost patterns and to identify opioid prescription predictors in patients with advanced cancer who received inpatient palliative care (IPC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We reviewed data from 807 consecutive patients with cancer who received IPC in each October from 2008 through 2014. Patient characteristics; opioid types; morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) in milligrams per day of scheduled opioids before, during, and after hospitalization; and in-admission opioid cost per patient were assessed. We determined symptom changes between baseline and follow-up palliative care visits and the in-admission opioid prescription predictors.

RESULTS:

A total of 714 (88%) of the 807 patients were evaluable. The median MEDD per patient decreased from 150 mg/d in 2008 to 83 mg/d in 2014 ( P < .001). The median opioid cost per patient decreased and then increased from $22.97 to $40.35 over the 7 years ( P = .03). The median MEDDs increased from IPC to discharge by 67% ( P < .001). The median Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale pain improvement at follow-up was 1 ( P < .001). Younger patients with advanced cancer (odds ratio [OR[, 0.95; P < . 001) were prescribed higher preadmission MEDDs (OR, 1.01; P < .001) more often in the earlier study years (2014 v 2009: OR, 0.18 [ P = .004] v 0.30 [ P = .02]) and tended to use high MEDDs (> 75 mg/d) during hospitalization.

CONCLUSION:

The MEDD per person decreased from 2008 to 2014. The opioid cost per patient decreased from 2008 to 2011 and then increased from 2012 to 2014. Age, prescription year, and preadmission opioid doses were significantly associated with opioid doses prescribed to patients with advanced cancer who received IPC.
Novelties in treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Grass Fabian , Mathis Kellie
Published: November 2018

Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is evolving through surgical innovation and paradigm shifts in neoadjuvant treatment. Whereas local recurrence was a significant concern before the systematic implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and surgery according to total mesorectal excision principles, distant relapse remains a major drawback. Hence, efforts in recent years have focused on delivering preoperative chemotherapy regimens to overcome compliance issues with adjuvant administration. In parallel, new surgical techniques, including transanal video-assisted total mesorectal excision and robot-assisted surgery, emerged to face the challenge to navigate in the deep and narrow spaces of the pelvis. Furthermore, patients experiencing a complete response after neoadjuvant treatment might even escape surgery within a close surveillance strategy. This novel “watch and wait” concept has gained interest to improve quality of life in highly selected patients. This review summarizes recent evidence and controversies and provides an overview on timely and innovative aspects in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
Attitudes of women in Cambodia towards child physical abuse
Authors: Dalal Koustuv , Parvin Nuri Reshma , Shinn Lee, Ming , Kuang Lin Chao , Gifford Mervyn , Ussatayeva Gainel , Biswas Animesh
Published: November 2018

Background: This study attempted to explore the women’s attitude towards child physical abuse in relation to the respondent’s background factors, personal issues and autonomy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 18,749 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) using 2010 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey. Chi-square tests and bivariate analyses were performed.

Results: A significant proportion of women supported beating physically abusing sons (69.2%) and daughters (67.2%). Rural, non-Buddhist, those with no or primary education, poverty, seasonal or occasional employment seem to be risk factor for supporting child physical abuse by women (in bivariate analysis). Age, education and household economic status of the women are significantly relevant for child physical abuse (in bivariate analysis). Women who came from male-headed households more often supported beating their children. Female autonomy is an important factor for child physical abuse. Women who justify physical abuse towards wives were also generally supportive of child physical abuse.

Conclusions: The current study provides knowledge about maternal factors such as age, education, economic status, rural/urban dwelling, two or more lifetime partners and autonomy in the supporting of beating sons and daughters. Further attention needs to be paid to increasing women’s education and autonomy in Cambodian family life.
Tracking the timely dissemination of clinical studies. Characteristics and impact of 10 tracking variables
Authors: Strech Daniel , Sievers Sören , Märschenz Stefanie , Riedel Nico , Wieschowski Susanne , Meerpohl Jörg , Langhof Holger , Müller-Ohlraun Stephanie , Dirnagl Ulrich
Published: November 2018

Background: Several meta-research studies and benchmarking activities have assessed how comprehensively and timely, academic institutions and private companies publish their clinical studies. These current “clinical trial tracking” activities differ substantially in how they sample relevant studies, and how they follow up on their publication.

Methods: To allow informed policy and decision making on future publication assessment and benchmarking of institutions and companies, this paper outlines and discusses 10 variables that influence the tracking of timely publications. Tracking variables were initially selected by experts and by the authors through discussion. To validate the completeness of our set of variables, we conducted i) an explorative review of tracking studies and ii) an explorative tracking of registered clinical trials of three leading German university medical centres.

Results: We identified the following 10 relevant variables impacting the tracking of clinical studies: 1) responsibility for clinical studies, 2) type and characteristics of clinical studies, 3) status of clinical studies, 4) source for sampling, 5) timing of registration, 6) determination of completion date, 7) timeliness of dissemination, 8) format of dissemination, 9) source for tracking, and 10) inter-rater reliability. Based on the description of these tracking variables and their influence, we discuss which variables could serve in what ways as a standard assessment of “timely publication”.

Conclusions: To facilitate the tracking and consequent benchmarking of how often and how timely academic institutions and private companies publish clinical study results, we have two core recommendations. First, the improvement in the link between registration and publication, for example via institutional policies for academic institutions and private companies. Second, the comprehensive and transparent reporting of tracking studies according to the 10 variables presented in this paper.
Retrospective of Presentations and Analysis of Experience in the Implementation of Pedagogical Support for Children's Self-Development in Supplementary Education
Authors: Иванова Ирина , Ivanova Irina
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of pedagogical support for self-development of an individual as an independent scientific category, comparison of its morphology with other methods of interaction between teachers and pupils that are close by nature (upbringing, pedagogical support). Attention is focused on the fact that the history of pedagogical thought and educational practice, using the term "pedagogical support of children's self-development," mostly resorts to demonstrating the accumulated pedagogical experience of implementing various educational approaches in conditions of additional education, extra-curricular activity, children's camps and profile shifts, that gives grounds to conclude that additional education is an environment that is optimal for the implementation of the ideas of pedagogical training of the self-development of the maturing personality. The results of empirical study of the problem are presented.
The Influence of Parent-Child Relationships on the Communication Development of Primary School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Черенева Е. , Chereneva E. , Елтышева Н. , Eltysheva N. , Беляева О. , Belyaeva O. , Брюховских Л. , Bryuhovskih L.
Published: November 2018

The problem of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families has recently been extremely urgent. ASDs are a group of pervasive developmental disorders, the main manifestations of then are the lack of ability to social interaction, communication disorders and stereotyped behavior. With the recognized practical and theoretical significance of the study of the communicative sphere and the abundance of serious studies devoted to this topic, the problem of studying the communicative characteristics of children with autism, as is well known, still remains poorly understood. The article presents the results of scientific research in the field of developmental and clinical psychology: the mechanisms of formation of communication in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a comprehensive study of the influence of parent-child relationships on the communication's development of primary school children with autism spectrum disorders. According to the results of studies of the influence of parent-child relations on the development of communication in primary school children with ASD, the diagnostic complex for the study of communication in primary school children with ASD and styles of parent-child relationships in families raising children of this category was offered. Practical psychologists can use the results of the study during work with children with ASD and their families. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study of the influence of parent-child relationships on the communication's development of primary school children with autism spectrum disorder.
Spiritual and Sociocultural Service of the Figures of the Russian Orthodox Church in the XX — Beginning of the XXI Century: from Repressions to Revival
Authors: Иерей Тимофей , Ierey Timofe , Топалова Екатерина , Topalova Ekaterina , Шафажинская Наталья , Shafazhinskaya Natalya
Published: November 2018

This article is devoted to the characteristic and analysis of the problem of spiritual and sociocultural ministry of the leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church in crucial periods of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Reflects the consolidating, mobilizing mission of the Church in the national liberation struggle during the Great Patriotic War. Against the background of anti-religious repression of the post-October period in this difficult period of national history, the Russian Orthodox Church, on behalf of its archpastors, appealed to the patriotic feelings of power and the population of the country, provided spiritual and material support. The article focuses on the study of aspects of the general situation and the social and cultural service of the monasteries - the most important centers of spiritual life and religious and cultural education - in the middle and second half of the twentieth century, which in the postwar period faced a political campaign to mass closure of the monasteries. The fate of the devotees and the lives of the Russian saints, who, in the face of opposition to the repressive regime, continued to serve, accomplished Christian exploits and made their invaluable contribution to the preservation and further development of the spiritual and cultural life of Russia, are described. Article material consists of two parts, the first of which is presented in this publication.
GEOMETRÍA EN LA PRÁCTICA COTIDIANA: LA MEDICIÓN DE DISTANCIAS INACCESIBLES EN UNA OBRA DEL SIGLO XVI
Authors: Espinoza Ramírez Lianggi , Vergara Gómez Andrea , Valenzuela Zúñiga David
Published: November 2018

El estudio del saber matemático en distintos contextos adquiere relevancia debido al interés actual en que los estudiantes puedan usar las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas reales. Por esto, el propósito de esta investigación es caracterizar al conocimiento puesto en uso, en la medición de distancias inaccesibles, en la obra Elucidatio Fabricae Ususque Astrolabii de Johann Stöffler, publicada en 1513. El modelo teórico utilizado considera el estudio de la constitución del saber a través del análisis de su génesis, desarrollo y transversalidad. Los resultados revelan, en la obra analizada, una episteme de la medición de distancias inaccesibles que incluye tanto la búsqueda de una razón conveniente para realizar la medición, como el análisis dinámico del comportamiento de las sombras o los rayos visuales en la estimación de inclinaciones. Esta episteme es determinante para la comprensión de estos conocimientos matemáticos en la resolución de problemas.
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DE OCUPAÇÃO EM ÁREAS AMBIENTAIS E TUTELA JUDICIAL NO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Moura Emerson Affonso da Costa , Mota Mauricio
Published: November 2018

A dificuldade do reconhecimento da regularização fundiária de ocupação em áreas ambientais, em razão da tensão da promoção do direito social à moradia à luz do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado é o tema posto em debate. Verifica-se em que medida o novo código de processo civil traduz instrumentos que permitem mediante o controle social ao reconhecimento e proteção efetiva da posse nas respectivas áreas.
Terceiros para Efeitos de Registo Predial Português: Conceitos e (di)vergências
Authors: Bonito Jorge
Published: November 2018

O conceito de terceiros para efeitos registrais reveste-se de grande complexidade e melindre, e sobre ela têm sido elaboradas as mais diversas construções. Este conceito tem vindo a gerar polémicas jurídicas, colocando em confronto uma visão mais restritiva com uma mais ampla, num continuum entre o Código Civil e o Código do Registo Predial português. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir, à luz da doutrina e da jurisprudência, saber qual o sentido e alcance do conceito de terceiros referido nos arts. 5.º e 122.º do Código do Registo Predial, e se a retificação de um registo pode afetar o direito de terceiro adquirente a título oneroso e de boa fé de um bem imóvel que tenha baseado a sua aquisição em registo definitivo a favor do alienante. Após uma revisão geral dos conceitos, estudam-se as hipóteses em que os titulares do registo não beneficiam do exposto no art. 5.º do CRPred. Parece-nos que esta controvérsia poderia ser ultrapassada com a adoção de um sistema que tornasse o registo obrigatório constitutivo, tal como sucede com a hipoteca.
A EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS INDIVIDUAIS E SOCIAIS E A ESPERANÇA NA JUSTIÇA BRASILEIRA
Authors: NALINI JOSÉ RENATO , DA SILVA MARCELO GONÇALVES
Published: November 2018

A presente temática: “efetividade de direitos fundamentais e esperança na justiça” se justifica ante o precário quadro político e socioeconômico brasileiro. Política e economia se distanciaram sobremaneira dos valores constitucionais e sociais. A atualidade mostra que as normas constitucionais estão relegadas a um papel meramente simbólico, razão pela qual se exige do Poder Judiciário uma postura mais dinâmica e voltada ao atendimento dos interesses da sociedade. O corte epistemológico se dá por uma análise das múltiplas causas e efeitos da deficiência da máquina judiciária, instante em que emerge a problemática se é possível ter esperança de Justiça face aos desmandos, morosidade e ineficiência do Estado. Destarte, utilizando-se uma metodologia dedutiva e crítica da realidade, tendo como marco teórico inovadoras teorias jurídicas, apresentar-se-á uma hipótese que responda aos problemas identificados, trazendo esperança ao jurisdicionado e restabelecendo sua confiança no Poder Público e sua eficiência. Objetiva-se mostrar as lacunas do sistema e apontar que o Judiciário é o acesso mais seguro no momento.
ETERNO RETORNO E A PERFEIÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL EM MAQUIAVEL
Authors: Morais Ricardo Manoel Oliveira , Silva Adriana Campos
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do texto é analisar o eterno retorno político e a possibilidade de evitá-lo pelo arranjo institucional republicano em Maquiavel. Neste sentido, este trabalho, realizado por meio de uma análise bibliográfica das obras maquiavelianas, situa-se no campo da Filosofia Política, sobretudo quando se assume que a questão central desta área do saber é a pergunta pelo melhor regime. Para Maquiavel, a história humana, que é política (pois o ser humano é um ser político), é cíclica e é marcada pela degenerescência natural das formas puras de governo (principado, aristocracia, democracia), o que leva ao eterno retorno. Todavia, o caráter cíclico do político é relativo, já que uma cidade bem ordenada pode suspender a degenerescência político-institucional, como Roma. Ou seja, o resultado político alcançado pela república romana deve ser compreendido como paradigmático.
OS LIMITES DO DIREITO NO DAS RECHT DER FREIHEIT DE AXEL HONNETH E SUA ALTERAÇÃO PERANTE LUTA POR RECONHECIMENTO
Authors: Guedes de Lima Francisco Jozivan
Published: November 2018

O direito ocupa lugar central na teoria da justiça social de Honneth. Em Luta por Reconhecimento (1992) ele é o padrão normativo concernente à universalização de direitos subjetivos fundamentais; em O Direito da Liberdade (2011), ele é considerado não apenas sob o prisma da legitimidade dos direitos subjetivos, mas do ponto de vista de seus limites e deficiências: a tese central é que o direito pensado em seu nível meramente negativo enquanto proteção legal de direitos individuais incorre em patologias sociais e na deterioração das relações éticas de reconhecimento mútuo.
A RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA DIANTE DA(S) CRISE(S) DO ESTADO: UM NOVO CAMINHO FRENTE À RACIONALIDADE NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Brum Amanda Netto
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo tem como tema central a ressignificação da democracia frente à(s) crise(s) do Estado no contexto da racionalidade neoliberal. Assim, por meio da técnica de pesquisa da documentação indireta da pesquisa bibliográfica, incialmente, apresenta-se o Estado diante das crises de seus fundamentos. Posteriormente, realiza-se uma reflexão acerca do processo e das consequências que a “fórmula da homogeneidade” proporciona aos sujeitos e ao próprio Estado. Finalmente, expõe-se a necessidade de (re)pensar a concepção da  democracia atual frente à racionalidade neoliberal e, desse modo, propõe-se ressignificá-la por meio do aparato participativo da Fraser (2009), pois entende-se que tal construção teórica pode ser uma ferramenta potente – ao dar respostas aos novos questionamentos que se opõem no cenário atual – para reativar concepções emancipatórias e de empoderamento frente às novas subjetividades decorrentes da lógica neoliberal.
OS DEVERES FUNDAMENTAIS E A DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL EM DEMOCRACIAS DE BAIXÍSSIMA INTENSIDADE – APROXIMAÇÕES E DISTANCIAMENTOS A PARTIR DA ILEGITIMIDADE DE UM GOVERNO
Authors: Da Silva Heleno Florindo , Fabriz Daury Cesar
Published: November 2018

A realidade presente da política, sobretudo, do modo de se fazê-la a partir da crise econômica mundial em 2008, trouxe países periféricos, bem como, alguns centrais, para um debate interessante acerca dos desdobramentos do modelo (neo)liberal da democracia representativa (democracia de baixa/baixíssima intensidade), no tocante ao afastamento da sociedade civil frente a seus governantes, principalmente, em contextos em que al afastamento promove o surgimento de governos e representantes ilegítimos que buscam, em meio ao cenário conturbado, emplacar reformas estruturais em seus países, o que poderá, conforme será discutido neste estudo, ensejar, a partir da análise sobre o direito de resistência e seu processo de caracterização em desobediência civil, a possível existência de um dever fundamental de desobedecer civilmente as leis ou atos políticos emanados desses governos ilegítimos, frutos desses cenários conturbados de crise econômica, institucional e política.
A adequabilidade das fontes de pesquisa jurídica para produção do conhecimento jurídico científico inovador
Authors: Nottingham Andréa De Boni , Tassigny Mônica Mota
Published: November 2018

O escopo do presente artigo é debater a adequabilidade das fontes de pesquisa jurídica para produção do conhecimento científico, bem como realçar sua pertinência enquanto fontes do Direito, diversas da especificidade da lógica da metodologia jurídica. O problema parte da crítica contemporânea acerca dos trabalhos jurídicos, no que diz respeito ao uso da pesquisa eminentemente bibliográfica, baseada primordialmente em livros monográficos, mostrando-se, desse modo, relevante a discussão sobre a plausibilidade de fontes da pesquisa jurídica. Assim, busca-se responder se o modo de utilização das fontes de pesquisa pode influenciar, diretamente, na qualidade do trabalho jurídico e, consequentemente, na produção do conhecimento científico e não apenas em lógica do discurso jurídico. Objetiva-se avaliar a adequabilidade das fontes da pesquisa jurídica e se essas tem sido responsáveis pela produção de um conhecimento jurídico científico inovador. Trata-se de ensaio teórico e documental, de abordagem qualitativa. Quanto aos objetivos, é do tipo descritiva e exploratória, vez que busca descrever e interpretar o problema observado. Quanto à utilização dos resultados é do tipo pura, cujo intuito é a ampliação do conhecimento acerca do tema. Como resultado, infere-se que é necessário ao pesquisador jurídico científico utilizar de diversos tipos de fontes de pesquisa, sem limitar-se exclusivamente a fonte bibliográfica, desde que de forma compatível ao objeto de pesquisa e às próprias fontes do Direito, para que possa inovar na produção do saber jurídico de melhor qualidade, que de fato apresentem soluções teórico-práticas e viáveis aos problemas da área em foco.
A NÃO EQUIPARAÇÃO DO TRÁFICO DE DROGAS PRIVILEGIADO A CRIME HEDIONDO: UMA ANÁLISE COMPORTAMENTAL
Authors: Aguiar Julio Cesar , Gomide Alves Tiago , Tabak Benjamin Miranda
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo jurídico realiza uma análise comportamental do entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal adotado no julgamento do HC 118533/MS de que o chamado tráfico privilegiado não pode ser equiparado aos crimes hediondos, discutindo cientificamente se a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal contribuirá ou não para a redução do número de pessoas presas no país.
A ética da alteridade em Emmanuel Levinás e na perspectiva de Alain Baidou em face de relevantes teorias dos direitos humanos e dos Direitos da Personalidade
Authors: De Oliveira José Sebastião , Cavalcanti Rodrigo De Camargo
Published: November 2018

Através de uma metodologia dedutiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica atinente ao tema, especialmente doutrinária e jurisprudencial em documentos e obras desenvolvidos no Brasil e internacionalmente, o presente artigo analisa os direitos humanos e os Direitos da Personalidade, mais especificamente no Brasil, em face da perspectiva de São Tomás de Aquino, Norberto Bobbio e Robert Alexy, sob o enfoque da ética da alteridade de Emmanuel Levinás e a perspectiva de Alain Badiou sobre referida hermenêutica. Para tanto, logo após a introdução, com a devida brevidade, primeiramente é apresentada a ótica do jusnaturalismo de São Tomás de Aquino, para, em seguida, apresentar-se o negacionismo de Norberto Bobbio, e, posteriormente, a fundamentação teórica dos direitos humanos e o principio da proporcionalidade de Robert Alexy. Logo após, examina-se tais teorias em face dos pressupostos de Emmanuel Levinás. Logo, debate-se estritamente os Direitos da Personalidade sob uma hermenêutica condicionada pela teoria de Levinás. Por fim, conclui-se que a enunciação atual dos direitos humanos e dos Direitos da Personalidade, para adequação aos pressupostos de Levinás, exigem mutações inclusive em outras searas do Direito, a fim de proporcionar uma devida hermenêutica jurídica em prol do Outro levinasiano e sua infinitude imanente.