bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality ideological and political games on students’ anxiety disorders
Authors: Zheng Xu
Published: October 2023

Background

Anxiety Disorder (AD) is a disorder characterised by excessive fear anxiety and related disturbing behaviour. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been applied in many fields because of its multi-sensory, visualisation and immersive interactivity. Therefore, the study proposes to combine VR technology with Civic Education and help students to better improve their anxiety disorders by designing Civic Games under VR experience.

Subjects and Methods

Students suffering from anxiety disorders were taken as research objects and randomly divided into an experimental group (VR teaching experience group) and a control group (conventional Civics teaching group). Both groups of patients were guided by classroom education to control students’ psychological conditions and emotions. In the experimental group, VR teaching is assisted by VR games or VR scene experience. The experimental intervention time was six weeks, and the experimental data were statistically analysed with the help of the Self-Assessment Scale of Anxiety (SAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The difference was statistically significant at P<0.05.

Results

After the experimental intervention, it was found that there was a significant statistical difference in SAS scores between the two groups of students (P<0.05), and the relief of anxiety disorder symptoms in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group.

Conclusions

The use of VR technology has broad development prospects. It can effectively help students alleviate their anxiety state, and its combination with ideological and political education also enables students to have a clearer understanding of their emotional changes.

Acknowledgement

Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (No.22JK0587).
The path innovation of industrial upgrading and transformation of regional economy to the cognitive impairment of the patients
Authors: Chu Xiwei , Wang Jingbu
Published: October 2023

Background

With the development of digital economy, industrial upgrading and transformation of the regional economy has become an important way to promote economic development and improve competitiveness. In this context, there is also increasing attention to patients with cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is an elderly disease that affects physical and mental health and life quality. Therefore, it has great practical significance to study the application of industrial upgrading and transformation path innovation of regional economy to cognitive impairment patients from the perspective of the digital economy.

Objects and Methods

100 patients with cognitive impairment were selected as research objects by quantitative investigation. The Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire and 3-min Confusion Assessment Scale were used to assess anxiety level and cognitive state. The study also analyzed and compared the application of the digital economy in the treatment of cognitive impairment.

Results

Research shows that accessible information and services provided through digital platforms and tools have a positive impact on cognitively impaired patients. According to the data, 80% of the patients used the online health management platform to acquire personalized rehabilitation programs and telemedicine services. They reported that the adoption of digital technologies has made them more autonomous and improved their quality of life and happiness.

Conclusions

The wide application of digital platforms and tools provides more opportunities and resources for patients with cognitive impairment. It also promotes the management and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment.
Effect of cross-cultural education combined with music therapy on anxiety disorders
Authors: Wang Haicheng
Published: October 2023

Background

Anxiety disorder usually refers to anxiety disorder. Common anxiety disorders include social phobia and separation anxiety disorder. Different anxiety disorders have different incidence rates. At present, the pathogenesis of anxiety disorder is not yet clear, but its common causes include genetic and psychological factors. Music therapy treats diseases from both physiological and psychological perspectives.

Subjects and Methods

In order to analyze the relief effect of cross-cultural education combined with music therapy on academic anxiety disorder in university students, the study selected 80 students with anxiety disorder. They were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group, with 40 students in each group. Among them, the control group only received cross-cultural education, while the observation group received music therapy based on cross-cultural education. Both groups were treated three times a week for a total of 8 weeks. After the treatment, the study evaluated the treatment results using the Self Rating Anxiety Scale, Self Rating Depression Scale, and SPSS23.0.

Results

The results showed that there was a significant decrease in anxiety and depression scores between the observation group and the control group students after treatment, and there was a significant difference compared to before treatment (P<0.05). In addition, after treatment, the anxiety and depression scores of the observation group students decreased more than those of the control group, and the difference between the two was significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions

In summary, the combination of cross-cultural education and music therapy in universities has a certain alleviating effect on students’ academic anxiety disorder.
Innovative enterprise management models on financial management personnel emotional anxiety disorders
Authors: Lv Hang
Published: October 2023

Background

With the acceleration of economic development, competition between enterprises has become increasingly fierce. Financial management personnel in enterprises face significant work pressure in competition. Therefore, scientific reform of enterprise management models has certain practical value.

Subjects and Methods

This research aims to explore the impact of innovative enterprise management models on emotional anxiety disorders of financial management personnel. 200 different enterprise financial management personnel were randomly selected to conduct a self-made financial work anxiety scale questionnaire survey. Then, a certain enterprise was selected for an experiment on management model reform. In the experiment, the enterprise used innovative reform management models for management, and the experiment lasted for 2 months. A self-made questionnaire survey was conducted again on the 20 financial management personnel of the enterprise after 2 months. Analyze the work emotional anxiety of financial management personnel based on the survey results.

Results

The experimental results showed that among the 200 financial managers who participated in the questionnaire survey using traditional enterprise management models, 115 financial management personnel had a severe emotional anxiety disorder, and 187 financial management personnel believed that the current management model needed improvement. After conducting a two-month experiment on a certain enterprise, 18 out of 20 financial management personnel believe that the reformed management model can alleviate their work anxiety.

Conclusions

The scientific and innovative reform of enterprise management models can effectively alleviate the emotional anxiety of management personnel.
Cognitive behavioral therapy and applied mathematics education reform on students’ cognitive impairment
Authors: Jiang Lei , Cheng Ying
Published: October 2023

Background

With more attention to students’ mental health, cognitive behavioral therapy and applied mathematics education reform are combined to study the impact of cognitive disorders on students’ psychological problems caused by depression, anxiety disorder, and irrational cognition.

Subjects and Methods

Data processing was conducted using SPSS26.0 and Excel software to analyze the overall situation of students’ cognitive impairment in applied mathematics before and after the educational reform under cognitive behavioral therapy. The research explores the correlation between applied mathematics scores and cognitive impairment, and analyzes the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with applied mathematics education reform on students’ cognitive impairment.

Results

In the process of learning applied mathematics, students in the same grade have moderate cognitive impairment. Students who did not receive intervention treatment had a significant degree of cognitive impairment, and the correlation coefficient between applied mathematics scores and cognitive impairment was 0.991. Students who undergo cognitive behavioral therapy but do not consider the application of mathematical teaching reform have moderate cognitive impairment. Students who combine cognitive behavioral therapy with applied mathematics education reform have mild cognitive impairment. At this time, the correlation coefficient between applied mathematics scores and cognitive impairment is 0.893, with a significance level of 0.00<0.01, indicating a strong correlation.

Conclusions

Cognitive behavioral therapy and applied mathematics education reform have a positive impact on students’ cognitive impairment, which has good practical value for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education practice curriculum reform on college students with anxiety
Authors: Wang Chaozhuo , Li Meng
Published: October 2023

Background

Psychological construction has always been a key challenge in guiding innovation and entrepreneurship among college students. The reform of practical courses for innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students aims to improve their recognition and satisfaction with innovation and entrepreneurship courses, thereby alleviating the impact of anxiety.

Subjects and Methods

Taking senior college students as the research object, this study aims to involve them in the reform of practical courses for innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students. A symptom self-evaluation scale was used to conduct a follow-up survey to explore the impact of the reform of practical courses for innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students on their anxiety psychology.

Results

The reform of the innovation and entrepreneurship education practice course for college students has a positive impact on their anxiety psychology in all aspects, and there is a positive correlation between this course reform and alleviating their mental health. The anxiety rate of students participating in the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education practical courses for college students is only 6.3%, and the distribution trend of these students’ innovation ability scores is 5.79 ± 1.78. The anxiety level of students who did not participate was 55.4%.

Conclusions

Through the reform of practical courses for innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students, we guide them to actively start businesses, regulate tense emotions, alleviate psychological pressure, reduce anxiety factors, and alleviate anxiety symptoms, thereby achieving psychological balance and forming a stable psychological state.
Cognitive-behavioral group teaching on social anxiety disorder of tourism management majors
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Li Tong , Luo Rong
Published: October 2023

Background

Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) is the primary psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder. The core concept of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is manifested in two aspects: cognitive correction and behavioral feedback. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a chronic mental disorder with a high incidence of negative automatic thinking and negative fear.

Subjects and Methods

This study conducted a controlled experiment between 50 SAD patients and 50 healthy people. Before treatment, 50 SAD patients were surveyed by psychological questionnaires, including social anxiety scale, social support scale, and parenting style questionnaire, to evaluate the thinking style, personality characteristics, and external psychosocial support of SAD patients. After GCBT treatment, SAD patients were again surveyed with a scale and questionnaire within one week to evaluate the degree of symptom improvement and cognitive change. In this study, SPSS23.0 analysis software was used for analysis.

Results

There were significant differences in thinking style, personality characteristics, social support, and parenting style between SAD patients and the control group (P<0.05). Social anxiety (P=0.03), negative thinking (P=0.03), and fear of negation (P=0.04) were significantly lower in GCBT patients after treatment than before treatment.

Conclusions

GCBT treatment can change the symptoms of SAD patients in a long-term and stable manner, which is related to the changes in patients’ cognitive habits. GCBT treatment can improve the negative cognition of SAD patients to reduce their symptoms, and increasing subjective social support and reducing paternity rejection can improve the long-term prognosis of patients with social anxiety.

Acknowledgement

The National Social Science Foundation (22XGL021); Guizhou grassroots social governance innovation high-end think tank; the grass-roots governance innovation team for Rural Revitalization of Guizhou Federation of Social Sciences.
Intervention effect of community humanistic management combined with psychological education on community anxiety disorder patients
Authors: Zhao Guohong , Zhao Qianwei
Published: October 2023

Background

Anxiety disorder, also known as anxiety neurosis, is a neurological disorder caused by anxiety, such as fear, insomnia, and anxiety. This study explores the intervention and management effects of community humanistic management combined with psychological education on patients with depression and anxiety disorder.

Subjects and Methods

Based on 84 patients with anxiety disorder, there were 42 males and 42 females, and both groups of patients took the same anti-anxiety medication. The control group of patients received psychological education intervention. Two groups of patients were scored using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale includes 20 items, and the symptom situation was evaluated using a 4-level scoring method. The higher the score, the more severe the anxiety situation. The results were tested using SPSS24.0 statistical software.

Results

The difference in results was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of the two groups of patients before and after intervention were significantly lower than those before the intervention, and the scores of the observation group after intervention were significantly better than those of the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. A comparison of trust and satisfaction in nursing between the two groups of patients showed that the intervention group had significantly higher trust and satisfaction in nursing quality than the control group.

Conclusions

By combining community humanistic management with psychological education, experience, and reference are provided for the innovation of management models for social anxiety disorder patients. Community psychological intervention has improved the depression and anxiety symptoms of anxiety disorder patients and improved their quality of life.
Improvement of the rural grassroots community work mechanism and its role in alleviating farmers’ psychological anxiety
Authors: Zhao Hua
Published: October 2023

Background

With the development of modern rural areas, farmers have developed anxiety, which is a reflection of the imperfect grassroots construction in rural areas. By establishing innovative and perfect grassroots systems, psychological anxiety relief is implemented for farmers. This study investigates the role of improving and innovating the working mechanism of rural grassroots communities in alleviating farmers’ psychological anxiety.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 60 farmers from a certain village were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The intervention group received comprehensive psychological intervention and anxiety counseling, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The anxiety self-assessment scale scores were evaluated before and after the intervention. The results were tested using SPSS16.0 statistical software.

Results

Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups of subjects in the scores of the Self Rating Anxiety Scale, indicating no statistical significance; The score of the anxiety self-assessment scale in the intervention group decreased significantly before and after intervention (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the score of the anxiety self-assessment scale in the control group before and after intervention (P>0.05).

Conclusions

The improvement and innovation of rural grassroots community work mechanisms have a good development for psychological intervention, which can effectively reduce farmers’ anxiety levels, improve patients’ quality of life, and have a good effect on farmers’ enthusiasm for life and mental health. It is worth further promoting.
Service quality in tourist attractions on tourists’ psychological anxiety
Authors: He Xiaomin , Huang Yue
Published: October 2023

Background

The development of the tourism industry has led to an increasing number of tourists, demanding better service quality from scenic spots. The improvement of service quality in tourist attractions can provide tourists with a safer and more reliable travel environment, reducing their anxiety about risks and uncertainties.

Subjects and Methods

Based on the principle of random sampling, the population aged between 18 and 60 in a certain scenic area were selected and distributed a service quality demand questionnaire. It includes four criteria: safety services, navigation services, employee attitudes, and service processes. The score was filled out on a scale of 1 to 10. The higher the score, the more valued the content is by tourists. A total of 1000 demand forms were distributed, and 985 were actually collected, with a recovery rate of 98.5%. Statistical analysis was conducted on the table data using SPSS23.0 software.

Results

According to the statistical results, there is a negative correlation between the four aspects of scenic area safety services, scenic area navigation services, employee attitudes, and service processes and tourists’ psychological anxiety, with a P-value less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.

Conclusions

By providing a sense of safety and security, accurate and complete scenic area information, friendly and enthusiastic service attitude, and convenient and efficient service processes, scenic area managers can reduce tourists’ anxiety, and improve their satisfaction and experience.

Acknowledgement

In 2019, the Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (No. 19YJC790043).
Three-dimensional Japanese text translation teaching on college students’ foreign language learning anxiety
Authors: Zhang Liwen
Published: October 2023

Background

The anxiety of college students in learning a foreign language may affect their learning results, so it is very important to find effective teaching methods to alleviate the anxiety. This study explores the effects of Japanese text translation teaching based on three-dimensional transformation on college students’ foreign language learning anxiety.

Subjects and Methods

100 undergraduate students majoring in Japanese in a university were randomly divided into test group and control group, with 50 students in each group. The test group received Japanese text translation teaching based on 3D conversion, and the control group received traditional text translation teaching. Anxiety questionnaire was used to assess the anxiety level of students, and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS23.0.

Results

The statistical analysis showed that the level of foreign language learning anxiety of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=3.42, P< 0.05). Specific data showed that the average anxiety score of the test group was 3.55, and the average score of the control group was 4.27. In addition, students in the test group performed better in translation accuracy (test group: 83%; Control group: 76%).

Conclusions

Japanese text translation teaching based on 3D transformation can effectively alleviate the anxiety of college students in foreign language learning. Through interactive and immersive learning experiences, students can better understand and apply language knowledge, thereby reducing anxiety levels. Adopting this teaching method can improve foreign language teaching and enhance students’ learning effect and experience.

Acknowledgement

2022 Yancheng College of Technology Teaching Reform Research Projects (No.JYKT2022B060).
Horticultural landscape therapy on anxiety disorders of spatial design students
Authors: Liang Yan
Published: October 2023

Background

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental illness that causes mental pain and disease burden comparable to depression, and has a significant impact on patients’ social functions and life quality. Therefore, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the United States regards “difficulty in maintaining attention” as one of the diagnostic criteria for GAD. This study used horticultural landscape therapy combined with group mindfulness intervention to intervene in anxiety disorders among spatial design students.

Subjects and Methods

This experiment targeted 140 students with anxiety disorders and randomly divided them into two groups. The control group composed of 70 people and used traditional mindfulness intervention therapy, while the experimental group used horticultural landscape therapy combined with group mindfulness intervention to intervene in anxiety disorders of spatial design students. This experiment was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

Results

The results showed that at the end of the 8-week treatment, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores of both groups decreased compared to baseline, while the pre-intervention scores of both groups increased compared to baseline. The efficacy of the Milton Anxiety Scale in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the clinical curing rate was also higher in the experimental group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Horticultural landscape therapy combined with group mindfulness intervention can effectively alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve attention maintenance function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder in spatial design students.
Relationship between locust control and farmers’ anxiety
Authors: Ma Xiaohui , Li Yinghao
Published: October 2023

Background

The anxiety of farmers is closely related to their survival and daily life, and the prevention and control of locusts are closely related to their survival. The prevention and control of locusts is related to farmers’ food production and safety, so farmers bear the survival and life pressure brought by locusts. Their anxiety psychology not only lies in dealing with locusts, but also requires emotional and psychological adjustment for treatment.

Subjects and Methods

Firstly, 1,184 farmers aged 23-31 from a certain city were randomly selected. Secondly, the Perceived Social Support Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to score the anxiety psychology of farmers. Finally, SPSS 23.0 statistical software, analysis of variance, and t-test were used.

Results

After comparing the scoring results of various scales, it was found that the positive prediction of understanding social support for farmers’ satisfaction was t=15.471, P<0.001, and the positive satisfaction with basic psychological needs was t=6.205, P<0.001. The combined understanding of depression, anxiety, and stress emotions for basic psychological needs of social support was t
=-5.963, P<0.001. Overall, the best effect was achieved by adjusting farmers’ basic psychological needs and satisfaction.

Conclusions

Depression and anxiety, combined with basic psychological needs, have a greater alleviating effect on farmers, and provide intervention methods for individual development and happiness acquisition. Therefore, combined with locust prevention and control measures, they provide improvement and regulation for farmers’ anxiety psychology.
Venlafaxine combined with Sweet Dream oral liquid on patients with depression and mania
Authors: Zhang Junting
Published: October 2023

Background

Depression and mania are common mental illnesses. Venlafaxine combined with Sweet Dream oral liquid is widely used in the treatment of these mental diseases as a drug therapy. However, the analysis of its efficacy is relatively limited.

Subjects and Methods

100 middle school students diagnosed with depression and mania were recruited and randomly divided into test group and control group. The test group received Venlafaxine combined with Sweet Dream oral liquid, and the control group received placebo. SPSS23.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis.

Results

After 8 weeks of treatment, symptoms of depression and mania were improved in both test and control groups. Depressive symptom scores decreased from 32.5±6.2 to 18.3±4.9 (P<0.001) in the test group and from 34.2±5.8 to 20.1±5.4 (P<0.001) in the control group. The score of mania symptoms decreased from 29.7±7.1 to 15.2±4.6 (P<0.001) in the test group and from 31.0±6.5 to 16.8±5.2 (P<0.001) in the control group. The test group showed a significant advantage in symptom improvement.

Conclusions

The results show that Venlafaxine combined with Sweet Dream oral liquid has a significant effect on middle school students with depression and mania. It can significantly improve the symptoms of depression and mania, alleviate the condition, and improve patients’ life quality. Therefore, this drug therapy can be considered as an effective treatment option for depression and mania in middle school students.

Acknowledgement

Introduction of talents in small and medium-sized cities under the background of government-school-enterprise cooperation Research-A case study of “100 universities visiting Shunde” in Guangdong province (No. pdjh2022b1094); Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’ Scientific and Technological Innovation. “Climbing Program” Special Funds (No. pdjh2021a1005); Guangdong Province philosophy and Social Sciences “13th five year plan” 2020 discipline co construction project (No. GD20XJY54).
“There Is No Winning”
Authors: Friedline Terri , Morrow So’phelia , Atkinson Danielle , Gracey Alana , Johnson Jayye , Muntaqim Aqeela , Taylor Eboni , Wolfe Arianna
Published: October 2023

A range of health effects are associated with debt burdens from ubiquitous access to expensive credit. These health effects are concerning, especially for women who owe multiple types of higher-cost debt simultaneously and experience significantly higher stress associated with their debt burdens when compared to men. While debt burdens have been shown to contribute to poor mental and physical health, the potential gendered and racialized effects are poorly understood. We conducted interviews between January and April 2021 with twenty-nine racially marginalized women who reported owing debt, and used theoretical concepts of predatory inclusion and intersectionality to understand their experiences. Women held many types of debt, most commonly from student loans, medical bills, and credit cards. Women described debt as a violent, abusive, and inescapable relationship that exacted consequential tolls on their health. Despite these, women found ways to resist the violence of debt, to care for themselves and others, and to experience joy in their daily lives.
Some Recent Helicopter Research Investigations
Authors: Stewart WM
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in his introductory remarks, said Mr Stewart left Glasgow University in 1942, since when he has been at R A E and has specialized in helicopter work since 1945 He has made some extremely valuable contributions to the study of helicopters and is now the leader of a group doing flight testing at R A E He gave an important lecture to the Royal Aeronautical Society on the research of helicopters in 1948, and to-night he is giving an account of some more recent work
Data‐Based Modeling of the Magnetosheath Magnetic Field
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Semenov V. S. , Erkaev N. V.
Published: October 2023

A quantitative model of the magnetosheath (MS) magnetic structure is developed, using a multi‐year set of Geotail, Themis, Cluster, and MMS magnetometer and plasma instrument data. The MS database is created using an identification algorithm, based on observed magnetic field magnitudes and proton densities, normalized by their concurrent interplanetary values, followed by additional filtering with the help of standard bow shock (BS) and magnetopause (MP) models. The model architecture is based on the toroidal/poloidal formalism and a coordinate system that naturally accounts for the tailward flaring of both boundaries. The magnetic field expansions include 960 free coefficients, derived by fitting the model to a grand data set, split into independent training and validation subsets with 1,291,380 and 411,933 1‐min records, respectively. The model faithfully reproduces basic types of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) wrapping around the MP. Regular IMF sectors result in strongly dawn‐dusk asymmetric draping, with much larger magnitudes at the quasi‐perpendicular dusk side of BS, and weaker at the quasi‐parallel dawn side, where the MS field lines are bent and dragged tailward. Except in the case of the flow‐aligned IMF orientation, the subsolar field steadily grows toward the MP, and the effect is clearly IMF Bz‐dependent: the field and its gradient are larger (smaller) for northward (southward) IMF Bz, implying a pile‐up of the magnetic flux in the first case and stronger reconnection in the second. Model distributions of the MS field magnitude reveal local depressions, associated with polar cusps near the high‐latitude limits of data coverage.
Mineralogical Investigation of Mg‐Sulfate at the Canaima Drill Site, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Chipera S. J. , Vaniman D. T. , Rampe E. B. , Bristow T. F. , Martínez G. , Tu V. M. , Peretyazhko T. S. , Yen A. S. , Gellert R. , Berger J. A. , Rapin W. , Morris R. V. , Ming D. W. , Thompson L. M. , Simpson S. , Achilles C. N. , Tutolo B. , Downs R. T. , Fraeman A. A. , Fischer E. , Blake D. F. , Treiman A. H. , Morrison S. M. , Thorpe M. T. , Gupta S. , Dietrich W. E. , Downs G. , Castle N. , Craig P. I. , Marais D. J. Des , Hazen R. M. , Vasavada A. R. , Hausrath E. , Sarrazin P. , Grotzinger J. P.
Published: October 2023

For the first time on Mars, the crystalline magnesium‐sulfate mineral starkeyite (MgSO4‧4H2O) was definitively identified using the CheMin X‐ray diffraction instrument at Gale crater. At the Canaima drill site, starkeyite along with amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O are among the “polyhydrated Mg‐sulfates” interpreted in orbital reflectance spectra. Mg‐sulfates are good climate indicators as they are very responsive to changes in temperature and relative humidity. We hypothesize that, through evaporation, Mg‐sulfates formed at the end of brine evolution when ion concentrations became saturated and precipitated on the surface or near sub‐surface as either epsomite or meridianiite. These minerals were subsequently dehydrated later to starkeyite and amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O in response to a drier Mars. At Canaima, starkeyite is stable and would form during the warmer Mars summers. Due to very slow kinetics at the low Mars winter temperatures, starkeyite and amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O would be resistant to recrystallize to more hydrous forms and thus likely persist year‐round. During the course of analyses, starkeyite transforms into amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O inside the rover body due to the elevated temperature and greatly reduced relative humidity compared to the martian surface at the Canaima drill site. It is possible that crystalline sulfate minerals existed in earlier samples measured by CheMin but altered inside the rover before they could be analyzed. Starkeyite is most likely prevalent in the subsurface, whereas both starkeyite and amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O are likely present on the surface as starkeyite could partially transform into amorphous MgSO4‧nH2O due to direct solar heating.
Patient-Oriented Multifamily Group-Based Care for Somatization: Narratives From Treated Adolescents and Parents
Authors: Dhariwal Amrit Kaur , Lui Allison , Gordon Shanlea L. , Kristen Anna , Boerner Katelynn E. , Opie Jessica , Mohun Hannah , Green Katherine E. , Chapman Andrea J. M. , Stanford Elizabeth A. , Vidler Marianne M. , Oberlander Tim F.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Treatment mechanisms to alleviate adolescent somatization are unknown. While processes underlying potential efficacy have not been investigated, mental health destigmatization is likely key. Here, qualitative methods were used so adolescent patients and their parents could express their perceptions about processes important in improvement from conditions affected by somatization.

Method:

A total of 21 posttreatment interviews (10 adolescents aged 12–17; 11 parents) were completed following participation in the manualized mind–body together (MBT) multifamily group in a pediatric tertiary care setting. Demystifying the nature of the body’s physical response to stress and broaching emotional coregulation between adolescents and parents were core group topics. Semistructured interviews were used to explore participants’ experiences of treatment and improvement. Interviews were video/audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results:

Four global processes essential to improvement were generated: (a) group belonging and normalization, (b) accepting the joint nature of physical and mental states, (c) emotional coregulation between parents and children, and (d) knowledge translation to school contexts. Responses suggested the first three themes built upon one another in succeeding order, but the final theme was missing from treatment.

Conclusion:

The multifamily MBT group for somatization may be a promising initial step for treatment. Its core processes may be operationalized and further improved. While quantitative evaluations of treatment mechanism are now warranted, providers may consider optimizing their services for adolescent somatization by integrating the four components expressed by families with lived experience.

Implications for Impact Statement

A somatization group treatment for teens and parents may help them engage in mental healthcare. According to teens and parents, group belonging sets the stage for treatment, allowing them to accept emotions and physical symptoms are connected, change the way they communicate emotionally, and identify the need to extend this knowledge to schools. Findings may guide clinicians through the steps patients require for wellness.
Evolution of a plant growth-regulatory protein interaction specificity
Authors: Ji Zhe , Belfield Eric J. , Zhang Siyu , Bouvier Jacques , Li Shan , Schnell Jason , Fu Xiangdong , Harberd Nicholas P.
Published: October 2023

Specific protein–protein interactions (PPIs) enable biological regulation. However, the evolution of PPI specificity is little understood. Here we trace the evolution of the land-plant growth-regulatory DELLA–SLY1/GID2 PPI, revealing progressive increase in specificity of affinity of SLY1/GID2 for a particular DELLA form. While early-diverging SLY1s display relatively broad-range DELLA affinity, later-diverging SLY1s tend towards increasingly stringent affinity for a specific DELLA A’ form generated by the growth-promoting phytohormone gibberellin (GA). Our novel mutational strategy reveals amino acid substitutions contributing to the evolution of Arabidopsis thaliana SLY1 A’ specificity, also showing that routes permitting reversion to broader affinity became increasingly constrained over evolutionary time. We suggest that progressive affinity narrowing may be an important evolutionary driver of PPI specificity and that increase in SLY1/GID2-DELLA specificity enabled the enhanced flexibility of plant physiological environmental adaptation conferred by the GA-DELLA growth-regulatory mechanism.
How does apathy impact exploration-exploitation decision-making in older patients with neurocognitive disorders?
Authors: Daumas Lyne , Zory Raphaël , Junquera-Badilla Isabel , Ferrandez Marion , Ettore Eric , Robert Philippe , Sacco Guillaume , Manera Valeria , Ramanoël Stephen
Published: October 2023

Apathy is a pervasive clinical syndrome in neurocognitive disorders, characterized by a quantitative reduction in goal-directed behaviors. The brain structures involved in the physiopathology of apathy have also been connected to the brain structures involved in probabilistic reward learning in the exploration-exploitation dilemma. This dilemma in question involves the challenge of selecting between a familiar option with a more predictable outcome, and another option whose outcome is uncertain and may yield potentially greater rewards compared to the known option. The aim of this study was to combine experimental procedures and computational modeling to examine whether, in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders, apathy affects performance in the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Through using a four-armed bandit reinforcement-learning task, we showed that apathetic older adults explored more and performed worse than non-apathetic subjects. Moreover, the mental flexibility assessed by the Trail-making test-B was negatively associated with the percentage of exploration. These results suggest that apathy is characterized by an increased explorative behavior and inefficient decision-making, possibly due to weak mental flexibility to switch toward the exploitation of the more rewarding options. Apathetic participants also took longer to make a choice and failed more often to respond in the allotted time, which could reflect the difficulties in action initiation and selection. In conclusion, the present results suggest that apathy in participants with neurocognitive disorders is associated with specific disturbances in the exploration-exploitation trade-off and sheds light on the disturbances in reward processing in patients with apathy.
Characterization of the pathogenic α-Synuclein Variant V15A in Parkinson´s disease
Authors: Diaw Sokhna Haissatou , Borsche Max , Streubel-Gallasch Linn , Dulovic-Mahlow Marija , Hermes Julia , Lenz Insa , Seibler Philip , Klein Christine , Brüggemann Norbert , Vos Melissa , Lohmann Katja
Published: October 2023

Despite being a major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, pathogenic variants in the gene encoding alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) are rare. To date, only four missense variants in the SNCA gene, encoding α-Syn have unequivocally been shown to be disease-causing. We here describe a Parkinson´s disease patient with early cognitive decline carrying an as yet not fully characterized variant in SNCA (NM_001146055: c.44T > C, p.V15A). We used different cellular models, including stably transfected neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell cultures, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal cultures, and generated a Drosophila model to elucidate the impact of the p.V15A variant on α-Syn function and aggregation properties compared to other known pathogenic variants. We demonstrate that p.V15A increased the aggregation potential of α-Syn and the levels of apoptotic markers, and impaired the mitochondrial network. Moreover, p.V15A affects the flying ability and survival of mutant flies. Thus, we provide supporting evidence for the pathogenicity of the p.V15A variant, suggesting its inclusion in genetic testing approaches.
fMRI fluctuations within the language network are correlated with severity of hallucinatory symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Spironelli Chiara , Marino Marco , Mantini Dante , Montalti Riccardo , Craven Alexander R. , Ersland Lars , Angrilli Alessandro , Hugdahl Kenneth
Published: October 2023

Although schizophrenia (SZ) represents a complex multiform psychiatric disorder, one of its most striking symptoms are auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). While the neurophysiological origin of this pervasive symptom has been extensively studied, there is so far no consensus conclusion on the neural correlates of the vulnerability to hallucinate. With a network-based fMRI approach, following the hypothesis of altered hemispheric dominance (Crow, 1997), we expected that LN alterations might result in self-other distinction impairments in SZ patients, and lead to the distressing subjective experiences of hearing voices. We used the independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI data, to first analyze LN connectivity in three groups of participants: SZ patients with and without hallucinations (AVH/D+ and AVH/D–, respectively), and a matched healthy control (HC) group. Then, we assessed the fMRI fluctuations using additional analyses based on fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency-Fluctuations (fALFF), both at the network- and region of interest (ROI)-level. Specific LN nodes were recruited in the right hemisphere (insula and Broca homologous area) for AVH/D+ , but not for HC and AVH/D–, consistent with a left hemisphere deficit in AVH patients. The fALFF analysis at the ROI level showed a negative correlation between fALFF Slow-4 and P1 Delusions PANSS subscale and a positive correlation between the fALFF Slow-5 and P3 Hallucination PANSS subscale for AVH/D+ only. These effects were not a consequence of structural differences between groups, as morphometric analysis did not evidence any group differences. Given the role of language as an emerging property resulting from the integration of many high-level cognitive processes and the underlying cortical areas, our results suggest that LN features from fMRI connectivity and fluctuations can be a marker of neurophysiological features characterizing SZ patients depending on their vulnerability to hallucinate.
Mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood across ancestries using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Jakubek Yasminka A. , Zhou Ying , Stilp Adrienne , Bacon Jason , Wong Justin W. , Ozcan Zuhal , Arnett Donna , Barnes Kathleen , Bis Joshua C. , Boerwinkle Eric , Brody Jennifer A. , Carson April P. , Chasman Daniel I. , Chen Jiawen , Cho Michael , Conomos Matthew P. , Cox Nancy , Doyle Margaret F. , Fornage Myriam , Guo Xiuqing , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Lewis Joshua P. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Ma Xiaolong , Machiela Mitchell J. , Mack Taralynn M. , Mathias Rasika A. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , North Kari , Pankratz Nathan , Peyser Patricia A. , Preuss Michael H. , Psaty Bruce , Raffield Laura M. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Redline Susan , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Silverman Edwin K. , Smith Jennifer A. , Smith Aaron P. , Taub Margaret , Taylor Kent D. , Yun Jeong , Li Yun , Desai Pinkal , Bick Alexander G. , Reiner Alexander P. , Scheet Paul , Auer Paul L.
Published: October 2023

Megabase-scale mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) in blood are prognostic markers for a host of human diseases. Here, to gain a better understanding of mCA rates in genetically diverse populations, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 67,390 individuals from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. We observed higher sensitivity with whole-genome sequencing data, compared with array-based data, in uncovering mCAs at low mutant cell fractions and found that individuals of European ancestry have the highest rates of autosomal mCAs and the lowest rates of chromosome X mCAs, compared with individuals of African or Hispanic ancestry. Although further studies in diverse populations will be needed to replicate our findings, we report three loci associated with loss of chromosome X, associations between autosomal mCAs and rare variants in DCPS, ADM17, PPP1R16B and TET2 and ancestry-specific variants in ATM and MPL with mCAs in cis.
An integrated gene-to-outcome multimodal database for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Kendall Timothy J. , Jimenez-Ramos Maria , Turner Frances , Ramachandran Prakash , Minnier Jessica , McColgan Michael D. , Alam Masood , Ellis Harriet , Dunbar Donald R. , Kohnen Gabriele , Konanahalli Prakash , Oien Karin A. , Bandiera Lucia , Menolascina Filippo , Juncker-Jensen Anna , Alexander Douglas , Mayor Charlie , Guha Indra Neil , Fallowfield Jonathan A.
Published: October 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and represents an unmet precision medicine challenge. We established a retrospective national cohort of 940 histologically defined patients (55.4% men, 44.6% women; median body mass index 31.3; 32% with type 2 diabetes) covering the complete MASLD severity spectrum, and created a secure, searchable, open resource (SteatoSITE). In 668 cases and 39 controls, we generated hepatic bulk RNA sequencing data and performed differential gene expression and pathway analysis, including exploration of gender-specific differences. A web-based gene browser was also developed. We integrated histopathological assessments, transcriptomic data and 5.67 million days of time-stamped longitudinal electronic health record data to define disease-stage-specific gene expression signatures, pathogenic hepatic cell subpopulations and master regulator networks associated with adverse outcomes in MASLD. We constructed a 15-gene transcriptional risk score to predict future hepatic decompensation events (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86, 0.81 and 0.83 for 1-, 3- and 5-year risk, respectively). Additionally, thyroid hormone receptor beta regulon activity was identified as a critical suppressor of disease progression. SteatoSITE supports rational biomarker and drug development and facilitates precision medicine approaches for patients with MASLD.