bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Ultrasonic Ranger Finder
Authors: Lin Wen-Bin , Yarn Kao-Feng
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the operation style of “measuring distance” is taken as the research content of this implementation. The expected goal is to use the characteristics of the double reflection type used in the transceiver circuit to perform the function of measuring distance. Finally, the operating principle of the adopted electric circuits and the performance of the proposed device are validated by experimental results. It reveals that the operations of the proposed device coincide with the requirements.

Keywords: Ultrasound, Pulse echo method, Single frequency ranging, Verification.
Frecuencia de aditivos alimentarios en productos cárnicos procesados bolivianos expedidos en la ciudad de Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Alarcón Gómez Ana Cecilia , Araujo-Burgos Tania
Published: April 2021

Los aditivos alimentarios son sustancias adicionadas a algunos alimentos con un fin tecnológico; su uso está estrictamente regulado y por esta razón se declaran obligatoriamente en las etiquetas de los alimentos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la frecuencia de los aditivos alimentarios en productos cárnicos procesados producidos en Bolivia y comercializados en la ciudad de Cochabamba, durante el 2020. Para este fin, se realizó la lectura de etiquetas de los alimentos procesados presentes en mercados y supermercados de la ciudad, con un tamaño de muestra de 134 alimentos. Se realizaron análisis de frecuencias según aditivos presentes, grupos funcionales y tipo de alimento. Los resultados preliminares mostraron 37 aditivos pertenecientes a seis grupos funcionales, los más frecuentes fueron nitrito de sodio (70,9%), polifosfatos (61,2%) y almidón (47,8%). Los alimentos con mayor número de aditivos (5) fueron los quesos de chancho o pollo, las salchichas y las mortadelas. Por último, se encontró que algunas empresas no declaran los aditivos de forma correcta, por lo que se desconocen los aditivos utilizados.
Los ajíes nativos y su potencial agroindustrial
Authors: Reyes Colque Ximena , Avila Alba Teresa , Choque Siles Ariel
Published: April 2021

Bolivia, debido a sus variadas condiciones climáticas y edafológicas que dan lugar a diversos ecosistemas, es un centro de origen y domesticación de numerosas especies cultivadas, como es el caso del género Capsicum, el cual presenta una gran diversidad de especies y variedades de ajíes nativos. El Centro Fitotécnico y de Semillas Pairumani, perteneciente a la Fundación Simón I. Patiño, mantiene una colección de trabajo de 731 muestras de 15 especies de ají silvestre y cultivado, recolectadas en todo el país. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar el potencial agroindustrial del germoplasma de ají, a través de un análisis bioquímico de las cualidades nutricionales más importantes y el desarrollo de productos de valor agregado. Se estudiaron 96 ajíes cultivados y silvestres, en los que se identificó contenido de: capsaicina, colorantes, antioxidantes totales, flavonoides, quercetina y grasa (vitamina E). Se identificaron también cualidades relacionadas con el procesamiento en forma de encurtidos, salsas y mermeladas. Los resultados obtenidos desde el punto de vista nutricional y la respuesta al procesamiento, manteniendo el color, el picor y la consistencia, están siendo utilizados para el desarrollo de variedades destinadas al pequeño agricultor y la producción agroindustrial.
Quarantine Reflections: Virtual Clerkships, Real Patients
Authors: Soni Monica
Published: April 2021

During my first year of medical school, an encounter involving something as simple as measuring a patient’s BMI left me blindsided. But it taught me, in a very visceral way, about the complexity of the profession into which we have entered. As we progress through our “virtual clerkships” for the time being, let us not forget about the very real patients who have shaped our journeys thus far.
Current Recommendations, Controversies, and Potential Novel Approaches in the Treatment of Wilms Tumor
Authors: Delijani Kevin , Hofley Carolyn , Luo Nancy , Yusin George
Published: April 2021

Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common renal malignancies in children, comprising about 5% of all childhood cancers. If diagnosed early, WT responds well to appropriate interventions such as surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with a 5 year survival higher than 85%. In this review, we will describe the first-line treatment options for WT, discuss controversies related to particular modes of therapy, and highlight promising advances in molecular biology that may serve as effective therapeutics in the near future. Current treatment protocols for WT include nephrectomy followed by postoperative chemotherapy with or without preoperative chemotherapy. Though both are acceptable forms of treatment, preoperative chemotherapy prior to tumor resection has been shown to reduce tumor size and decrease the risk of intraoperative tumor rupture. Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has also been shown to improve tumor resections and relapse-free survival rates, potentially providing an additive method to improve WT outcomes. Radical nephrectomy is the mainstay surgical treatment for WT, however evidence suggests that partial nephrectomies may be an equally viable option. Radiotherapy traditionally utilizes the anteroposterior-posteroanterior field technique, but recent advances have allowed for tumor-specific targeting and sparing of non-neoplastic tissues using intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy. Lastly, potential targets for future therapy include the β-catenin pathway, which has been found to be important in the development of WT, in addition to advances in applying microRNA, M6620, and stem cell therapy.
Establishing a medical student-run opt-out HIV testing initiative in an urban emergency department: Description of a pilot program
Authors: Plankey Michael
Published: April 2021

Since July 2012, a testing initiative implemented and staffed entirely by first and second year preclinical medical students has trained medical student volunteers to offer and perform OraQuick® rapid HIV-1/2 antibody tests (OrasureTechnologies, Inc., Bethlehem, PA) on an opt-out basis at a University hospital emergency department (ED) in the District of Columbia. This program is unique among current opt-out ED rapid HIV testing programs in the United States in that all logistics, staffing, and procurement of test kits are coordinated and operated solely by preclinical medical students (i.e, students in their first and second years of medical school). This paper will address the conception, development, and implementation of this pilot project. In addition, it will discuss several factors that were essential to its successful implementation and describe how key barriers were overcome.
DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF LAND SNAILS IN GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK (GHSNP) IN JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurinsiyah Ayu Savitri , Faizah Ita , Prasetio Yogi , Setiadi Tedi , Marwoto Ristiyanti Marsetiowati , Hausdorf Bernhard
Published: April 2021

The land snail fauna of the largest tropical montane forest in Java, the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), was surveyed during the dry season (June-July) in 2015, concentrating on four park’s resorts, i.e. Cikaniki, Mt. Botol, Cisarua (Halimun area) and Cidahu (Salak area). In total, 399 specimens representing 43 species were collected. Prior to the surveys, 48 land snail species were known from the GHSNP. Fifteen new records for the GHSNP were discovered so 63 species are now known to inhabit the Park. This number represent 25% of the total land snail fauna of Java. 21 of the species found in GHSNP are endemic to Java. The species richness of the plots in GHSNP was correlated with soil pH and the composition of the land snail communities was correlated with elevation, annual mean temperature, and amount of deadwood.
FISH DIVERSITY IN THE DOWNSTREAM REGION OF CIPANAS RIVER INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA INDONESIA
Authors: Herawati Titin , Wahyudewantoro Gema , Andriani Yuli , Herawati Heti , Siregar Naomi Masnida Yunisia
Published: April 2021

Cipanas River is one river in West Java where its upstream region in Tampomas Mountain, Sumedang and it is emptied into the Java Sea, Indramayu. The study was aimed to investigate fish diversity in the downstream area of Cipanas River. The study was conducted by survey methods with census data collection techniques, taken place at 3 stations of Santing, Tempalong, and Cemara of Indramayu Regency. The parameters measured consisted water quality and fish assemblages. Water quality was measured referring to standard laboratory protocol, and fish collection was made by case net with different mesh sizes. The results showed that water quality conditions of the Cipanas River downstream was suitable for inhabiting fishes. There were as many as 548 individual fishes caught belonging to 21 species, 16 genera, and 14 families. Fish diversity was categorized as medium with 1.6 ≤ H ’≤ 2.2 indicating fairly good community structure, and the Evenness index was 0.81 ≤ E ≤ 0.86 to show highly evenly distributed.
VILAR RESOURCE BOTANICS: IDEAS, IMPLEMENTATION, PROSPECTS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute  of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants  (FGBNU VILAR), Maslyakov V.Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the resource research of medicinal plants by VILAR employees from a historical point of view. The approaches to planning research work, organizational forms of research, the scientific community and research programs in floristry, the search for new medicinal plants, botanical resource studies, and population ecology are briefly described. Researchers and their dissertations for the period of 1950–1990 years are presented, research prospects are assessed.
DIVING IN RUSSIA: BEGINNINGS AND HISTORY
Authors:   St. Petersburg Maritime  State Technical University, Grebenshchikova G.A.
Published: April 2021

In 2021 scientific and naval public celebrates an important data – 100th anniversary of Special Diving Works Expedition’ formation in Russian Federation. Special Diving Works Expedition’ formation has been lasted during 1921–1923 when Soviet of People Commissars had declared the special decrees about diving works’ organization. In December, 1923 Special Diving Works Expedition’ foundation had been occurred de jure. Many works at ships’ lifting, most of which were outstanding in the sphere of shipbuilding as well as Russian science and technique, were associated with that organization. Some works belongs to heroic and extraordinary. However, the history of Diving Works had started long before Special Diving Works Expedition was foundation, and the main periods of Diving Works’ development in Russia from Peter the Great to Nicolas the First are being reviewed and analyzed in proposed article. Besides, on based the archival sources with first publication and special literature are setting out the events connecting with engineering structures, underwater medicine, different low acts and other documents. In the article are given the most resonant and significant events on ships’ lifting.
MODERN METHODOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE TRACER METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE COVERAGE OF AN OIL RESERVOIR BY FLOODING
Authors:   University of Dubna, Chernokozhev D.A. , Kuznetsova K.I. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  ( JINR), Gazimov R.R. ,   LLC «MANTSGEO», Zasedatelev A.S. ,   State University «Dubna», Khozyaiov M.S. ,   State University «Dubna»
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of modeling tracer studies of the process of flooding of an oil reservoir. As a result of the studies, the dependences on the time of the change in the volume occupied by the injected water were obtained. Formulas are given that allow us to calculate the values of the coefficient of coverage of the reservoir area by flooding as a whole and the contribution of each injection well to flooding. The technology is implemented by continuously pumping the tracer into the injection well. Continuous injection of different tracers into different injection wells allows for operational monitoring of oil field development
EFFECT OF FDT WITH CHLORINE E 6 (X- E 6) ON VIABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD’S LYMPHOCYTES
Authors:   «Edis Med» Co LLC, Laptev V.P. , Kiselevsky M.I. ,   FSBI «National Medical Research  Center of Oncology them. N.N. Blokhin,  the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ovchinnikov A.E. ,   M.I., Panfyorova N.G. ,   «Edis Med» Co LLC
Published: April 2021

We expiremented with mice inoculated with intramuscularly embryocarcinoma and registered functional condition of T-lymphocytic link of cells of bone brain and spleen to the index of spontaneous and stimulated by mitogen (PHA) proliferation. Intact animals and the ones which we introduced with Chlorine e6 and keep in dark conditions have revealed the zero level of the indexes. But the animals being introduced with Chlorine e6 and activated with laser and light-emitting diode radiation have been notable for the index of mitogen (PHA) stimulation. It was established to 25% with the index of spontaneous proliferation remained on zero mark. Animals with embryocarcinoma after FDT with X-e6 with or without glycosamine show immunostimulating effect.
THE GROWTH OF PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE OF CIVILIZATIONS: PATTERNS, HISTORICAL TRENDS, PROSPECTS
Authors:   International Institute of Pitirim  Sorokin – Nikolai Kondratieff, Yakovets Yu.V.
Published: April 2021

In the article by the founder and head of the Russian civilizational school, academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Yakovts Yu.V. This report introduces for the first time the concept of the productivity of the social intelligence of civilizations, examines the patterns and historical trends of the accelerating growth of productivity with the change of civilization cycles, reveals the peculiarities of the dynamics of the productivity of public intelligence in the conditions of the modern civilization crisis, the tendency for the decline in productivity and the increasing polarization of the intellectual potential of local civilizations. Strategic priorities of the acceleration of productivity growth in the context of the intellectual revolution of 2030–2050 are substantiated.
CRITICAL RESEARCH FEATURES OF RADIO ENGINEERING SYSTEMS EFFICIENCY THEORY
Authors:   JSC «Central radio-research institute named after academician  A.I. Berg», Andreev G.I. , Tikhomirov V.A. ,   JSC R&D production facility  «Development of Innovative  Technologies»
Published: April 2021

Formulation of the problem Efficiency theory as a science is currently at the stage of formation. In addition, the popularity of «efficiency» concept led it to very broad interpretation both in qualitatively and quantitative plans. This led to the ambiguity increase of efficiency understanding and multiplicity of indicators. Everything listed above actualizes the need of critical study conducting of fundamental provisions of complex technical systems efficiency theory.
The Role of Motivation and Professional Competence in Improving Teacher Performance
Authors: Fachmi Muhammad , Mustafa Mustafa , Ngandoh Ali Murdhani
Published: April 2021

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the role of work motivation and professional competence in improving the performance of Vocational High School teachers in Soppeng Regency, as well as which variables are most dominant in influencing the improvement of teacher performance. Researchers took a sample of 72 teachers from five vocational schools in Soppeng Regency with the sampling technique, namely random sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that if the work motivation is higher, the teacher's performance will also increase. In addition, professional competence also has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, so that if professional competence is getting better, teacher performance will also increase. Researchers also found that work motivation is the most dominant variable affecting the improvement of teacher performance in schools.
Keywords: Work Motivation, Professional Competence, Teacher Performance
 Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan motivasi kerja dan kompetensi profesional dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kabupaten Soppeng, serta variabel manakah yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja guru. Peneliti mengambil sampel sebanyak 72 orang guru yang berasal dari lima SMK di Kabupaten Soppeng dengan teknik penentuan sampel yaitu dengan random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru, artinya jika motivasi kerja semakin tinggi maka kinerja guru juga akan semakin meningkat. Disamping itu, kompetensi profesional juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru, sehingga apabila kompetensi profesional semakin baik maka kinerja guru juga akan mengalami peningkatan. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa motivasi kerja merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja guru di sekolah.
Kata Kunci: Motivasi Kerja, Kompetensi Profesional, Kinerja Guru
Accelerated aging predicts the emergence of rice seedlings in the field
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Garcia Jaquelini , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: April 2021

Selecting the most appropriate vigor test for rice to predict seedling emergence remains a challenge. This is mainly attributed to the diversity of available tests that evaluate vigor; however, there is a critical need for tests that can show a high correlation with field emergence. Thus, this study aimed to determine which vigor tests are the most efficient in predicting the emergence of rice seedlings, to facilitate correct selection for quality control analyses and pre-sowing for rice seed commercialization. Across two growing seasons, 2016/17 and 2017/18, different seed lots of ‘SCS122 Miura’ rice were subjected to vigor evaluations including germination test, electrical conductivity, cold test, low temperature germination, accelerated aging, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight, emergence speed, and emergence speed index, and greenhouse and field emergence tests. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used for the experiments. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. The germination rate for ‘SCS122 Miura’ seed lots in both growing seasons was greater than 80%. In both growing seasons, unlike the similar results obtained for field emergence, in the laboratory tests, differences were observed between these same seed lots. Electrical conductivity and emergence speed showed a negative correlation with greenhouse and field emergence. The vigor tests for accelerated aging, emergence speed, and dry weight are more efficient in predicting the emergence of rice seedlings. Among the tested methods, accelerated aging (41 °C for 120 h) is one of the most efficient for predicting the emergence of rice seedlings and the best option for laboratory analysis of quality control and pre-sowing owing to its practicality and time required for execution.
Growth of forage palm cultivars irrigated with saline waters
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pereira Mariana de Oliveira , Ramos Jailton Garcia ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Tomaz Beatriz de Araújo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cabral João Henrique de Andrade ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pereira Márcia Cristina de Araújo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lyra Gustavo Bastos ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Silva Patrícia Ferreira da ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: April 2021

Forage palm (Cactaceae) is considered an important resource in the semiarid region of Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different levels of salinity in irrigation water on the growth of three forage palm cultivars. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande (7° 12’ 52.6’’ S; 35° 54’ 22.3’’ W) in 120 L pots open to the sky. The experiment was a complete randomized block, with four replications and a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four levels of salinity in irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 0.2, 2.0, 3.8, and 5.6 dS m–1, and three forage palm cultivars: Miúda or Doce (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck), Orelha de Elefante (Opuntia stricta), and Baiana or IPA–Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). At 150 days after treatments, it was evaluated: length, width and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes and total number of cladodes. Variance analysis was performed using an F-test (p < 0.05); significant effects were subjected to quadratic regression analysis for the quantitative variable, and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) for the qualitative variable. Salinity levels in irrigation water did not affect the growth variables. There was a significant difference in the growth of forage palm as a function of its cultivar. The Baiana cultivar showed the highest vegetative growth of length and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes, while Miúda and Orelha de Elefante presented the greatest cladode numbers for plant and cladode widths, respectively.
Agro-economic efficiency dynamics in vegetable cowpea and radish cultivar combinations in strip-intercropping systems
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Azevedo Iara Beatriz Silva , Bezerra Neto Francisco ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Lima Jailma Suerda Silva de ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Nunes Renato Leandro Costa ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Santos Elizangela Cabral dos ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Chaves Aridênia Peixoto ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Silva Josimar Nogueora da ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Published: April 2021

This work aimed to evaluate the dynamics of agro-economic efficiency in combinations of vegetable cowpea and radish cultivars in strip-intercropping systems through agronomic, economic and competition indices tested by the Hsu test in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a completely randomised block with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of four cowpea cultivars, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, and BRS Itaim, with two radish cultivars, Crimson Gigante and Zapp. In each block, individual plots of these cultivars in single cultivation were planted as additional treatments to obtain the system indices. The indices of agronomic and economic efficiency and of competition evaluated were land equivalent ratio (LER), actual yield loss (AYL), land use efficiency (LUE%), score of the canonical variable (Z), gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR), corrected monetary advantage (CMA), competitive ratio (CR) and the aggressivity of radish over cowpea (Ar) and cowpea over radish (Avc). The cowpea cultivar BRS Tumucumaque, when combined with the radish cultivar Zapp, provided the highest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system in a semi-arid environment. The complementarity and sustainability of the intercropping systems of cowpea and radish were observed in the results of the Hsu test applied to the indices of agro-economic efficiency and of competition. Radish was the dominant crop.
Physiological quality of white oat seeds at different temperatures
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Catelan Luana de Carvalho , Marinke Luana de Souza ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ventorim Marinara Ferneda ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: April 2021

White oats are cereals that are grown in different regions of the globe because they have good adaptability and final destination. Thus, their cultivation has shown significant increases in order to meet demand, especially for forage production, grains, and animal and human consumption. High-quality seeds are necessary for crop cultivation and white oats are sown in winter when thermal fluctuations may occur. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes in oat seeds exposed to different temperatures during the germination phase. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four replications in a 6 × 4 factorial design. Six cultivars were evaluated: Aphrodite, Altiva, Artemis, Brava, Corona, and Guará at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, and the following measurements were taken: first germination count, germination, germination speed index (IVG), and seedling length and mass. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared using Tukey’s test. The cultivars were physiologically affected at the minimum and maximum temperatures. At 15 °C, normal seedlings did not form, whereas the highest germination values were recorded at 20 and 25 ºC, which showed that these temperatures were the most favorable temperatures for the germination process. Vigor declined at 30 °C and there was a greater number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds.
Estimation of buckwheat leaf area by leaf dimensions
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Pezzini Rafael Vieira ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Neu Ismael Mario Márcio ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Dumke Gabriel Elias ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: April 2021

The objective of this work was to model and identify the best models for estimating the leaf area, determined by digital photos, of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) of the cultivars IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar, as a function of length (L), width (W) or length x width product (LW) of the leaf blade. Ten uniformity trials (blank experiments) were carried out, five with IPR91-Baili cultivar and five with IPR92-Altar cultivar. The trials were performed on five sowing dates. In each trial and cultivar, expanded leaves were collected at random from the lower, middle and upper segments of the plants, totaling 1,815 leaves. In these 1,815 leaves, L and W were measured and the LW of the leaf blade was calculated, which were used as independent variables in the model. The leaf area of each leaf was determined using the digital photo method (Y), which was used as a dependent variable of the model. For each sowing date, cultivar and thirds of the plant, 80% of the leaves (1,452 leaves) were randomly separated for the generation of the models and 20% of the leaves (363 leaves) for the validation of the models of leaf area estimation as a function of linear dimensions. For buckwheat, IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars, the quadratic model (Ŷ = 0.5217 + 0.6581LW + 0.0004LW2, R2 = 0.9590), power model (Ŷ = 0.6809LW1.0037, R2 = 0.9587), linear model (Ŷ = 0.0653 + 0.6892LW, R2 = 0.9587) and linear model without intercept (Ŷ = 0.6907LW, R2 = 0.9587) are indicated for the estimation of leaf area determined by digital photos (Y) based on the LW of the leaf blade (x), and, preferably, the linear model without intercept can be used, due to its greater simplicity.
Cost reduction and quality enhancement in passion fruit seedlings using alternative substrate
Authors:   Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Silva Luana Nascimento da , Lima Lucas Kennedy Silva ,   Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Aguiar Filipe Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Jesus Onildo Nunes de ,   Embrapa Mandioca e Frutas
Published: April 2021

Obtaining vigorous, quality seedlings is a complex task because it involves multiple physical, chemical and biological factors, with the substrate being a fundamental of this process. Therefore, this study proposes to evaluate different formulations of substrate mixtures and identify which provides better emergence vigor and shoot and root growth in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design consisting of 23 substrates with different proportions of Vivatto® and Osmocote®, washed sand, soil, fine coal, coarse coal, enriched hydrogel and enriched vermiculite, with and without the addition of NPK, which were distributed into four replications of four plants per plot. To enrich the hydrogel and vermiculite, foliar fertilizer was used. Emergence vigor was evaluated throughout the seedling emergence period and seedling growth parameters were observed at 60 days after sowing. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis and the groups formed were subjected to analysis of variance. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), four groups were identified. The group composed only of soil + coarse coal and enriched hydrogel (2:2:1) was considered the best treatment, as it favored most of the vegetative growth and emergence vigor traits. Soil plus sand with the addition of NPK was not recommended to grow passion fruit seedlings in any of the proportions used, as there was no emergence.
Nutrient dynamics with application of humic substances and liming in irrigated soil filled columns
Authors:   Universidade de Rio Verde, Oliveira Cleire , Tavares Rose Luiza ,   Universidade de Rio Verde, Assis Renato ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Cantão Veridiana ,   Universidade de Rio Verde, Sitta Cássio ,   Universidade de Rio Verde
Published: April 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the retention of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients, as well as pH and electrical conductivity in Oxisols. Soil samples were placed into columns, with addition of humic substances (soil with and without liming). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the columns consisted of PVC tubes with 40 cm height x 5 cm diameter. The humic substances used were humic acid and fulvic acid, applied at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 240 L ha-1, in soil with or without lime. Ten irrigation events were performed, simulating 32 mm rainfall. After that, samples were collected from the columns, at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths, to identify the residual effect of the addition of humic substances. A completely randomized design was used for this experiment, with 2×2×4 factorial statistical model and 3 replications. The results showed that, under acidic soil conditions, the use of fulvic acid provides more significant P release (up to 40%) in soil when compared to humic acid. When the rate of 240 L ha-1 is applied, the fulvic acid can release up to 83% of P in the soil.
Wheat yield and seed physiological quality affected by initial seed vigor, sowing density, and environmental conditions
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Marinho Jéssica de Lucena , Silva Sérgio Ricardo ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Souza Diogo Nascimento de ,   Syngenta Seeds, Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Bazzo José Henrique Bizzarri ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Zucareli Claudemir ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: April 2021

Optimization of seed density range, combined with the use of quality seeds may help generate more profit from wheat production, as these factors affect grain yield and the quality of seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of initial vigor level and sowing densities on the productive performance of the plants and the physiological performance of the seeds of two wheat cultivars in two cultivation environments. The experiment was carried out in the cities of Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications, following a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme with two levels of seed vigor (high and low), two cultivars (BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá), and four sowing densities (150, 250, 350, and 450 seeds m-2). The following characteristics were evaluated: emerged seedlings, shoot dry matter, spike density, vegetation index, and grain yield. Additionally, the physiological potential of the seeds produced in Londrina was evaluated by first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, and emergence speed index tests. The increase in density up to 450 seeds m-2 favored the productive performance of the crop in both cultivation environments; however, it reduced the physiological performance of the seeds produced in Londrina. The cultivars BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá had better performance and grain yield in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, respectively. High-vigor seeds favored the establishment of the stand, especially under unfavorable environmental conditions.
Developing an improvement strategy in health research innovation and quality based on technology watch adoption: a cuban case study
Authors: Nariño Arialys Hernández , Cossío Neyfe Sablón , Castro Guillermo Ramos , Castro Adalberto Hernández
Published: April 2021

Objective: To develop an improvement strategy on research, innovation and quality of health, based on technology watch adoption.Method: A non experimental study that comprehends descriptive and bibliometric analysis was used, along with the implementation of technology watch procedure to support the strategy.Originality/Relevance: Technology watch along with strategic intelligence are acknowledged to be key tools in innovation processes as well as in strengthening National Science Technology and Innovation Systems (Guagliano, Villanueva, Perez and Sánchez Rico, 2019); its use has spread to numerous public and private companies, government agencies, consulting institutions, universities and research centers which are being interested in anticipating the continous and emerging challenges from the changing environment and hence making proper strategic decisions (Guagliano, Massaro and Rodríguez Bianchi, 2015); particularly in health care its applications are extended to technology assessment, care services improvement and academic research capacity planning and strengthening (Carrillo Zambrano, Páez Leal, Suárez and Luna-González, 2018). Specifically, Research, Quality and Innovation management at a local health system in Cuba, needs to generate high value-added information and knowledge to enhance performance and accurate decision making.Results: Here we show how the development of technology watch enhance and support the formulation of research, development and innovation projects; and standardization of healthcare services and processes, which were selected as relevant variables in a previous prospective study.Social / management contributions: The results are aligned with the Cuban healthcare strategic goals, for among its current demands, it prioritizes the generation of high-impact scientific and innovative results, as well as the development of a quality strategy that portrays, among its core objectives, health services continuous improvement, based on developing standards, Clinical Practice Guidelines and therapeutic protocols.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: The adoption of Technology and Innovation management and knowledge-based techniques may offer valuable benefits within research and quality of healthcare context.
Motives for choosing the profession of early childhood education teachers
Authors: Sosnowska-Bielicz Ewa
Published: April 2021

The aim of the text was to present the motives of early childhood education teachers, which guided them when choosing a profession. The starting point was the typification of the motives for choosing the teaching profession proposed by Anna Wiłkomirska. It was the basis for constructing a rank scale on which teachers of early childhood education assigned their own rank-rating to specific motives. In this way, an initial understanding of the most important factors in choosing this profession was obtained. The obtained results corresponded with the research conducted in this field on teachers of other stages of education. The vocation turned out to be the most important motive for choosing a profession for the surveyed teachers. This is a factor considered by many researchers to be inherent in the teaching profession, especially with the group that works with the youngest children.
Impact of Weft Yarn Density and Core-yarn Fibre Composition on Tensile Properties, Abrasion Resistance and Air Permeability of Denim Fabrics
Authors: MANDRE Nele , PLAMUS Tiia , KRUMME Andres
Published: April 2021

Characteristics and serviceability of denim fabrics have undergone major changes. Nowadays denim is commonly used for casual wear. Durability and comfort are important parameters for consumers when choosing a denim garment. Therefore, in this study, abrasion resistance, tear and tensile properties of core–spun yarns and air permeability of denim fabrics with different weft yarns per centimetre and fibre content were analysed. The test results showed that weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Higher weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Polyester, elastane, modal, viscose and Lycra T400 were used in the core of weft yarn to analyse the impact of those fibres on the durability and comfort properties. Elastane is used to add stretchability to the fabric, which provides comfort to the wearer. The higher the elastomeric fibre content in the fabric, the greater is its elasticity; however, the tensile properties of the woven fabric decrease. The tear strength of the fabric was increased by the presence of the polyester fibre in the core.
Reflections on Climate Change and Public Health in Africa in an Era of Global Pandemic
Authors: Eze Anugwom Edlyne
Published: April 2021

The study examined the impact of climate change on public health provisioning in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to recognising the multifarious influence of climate change on health, it argues that the quest for global health security can only be achieved against the backdrop of concerted mainstreaming of climate change response into public heath provisioning, especially in the developing world. Adapting to climate change and mitigating its impact would logically require integrating it into public health planning, programming and interventions. Therefore, if health security entails provisioning and catering to the full range of health needs of people, climate change given its undoubted implications for health should be in the forefront of health security globally. Despite the global discourse of climate change and health security, tangible actions and programmes at different levels are needed to achieve the goals of good health and effective health security. This is no less the case now that the pandemic has challenged and stretched health institutions and provisions. However, the complex and intertwining effects of climate change and its manifold nexus with public health and health security can easily be apprehended through the systems perspective. There is the need for both radicalization of the public health system in Sub-Saharan Africa and concerted efforts across disciplines and actors to achieve effective climate change mitigation and adaptation and thus further strengthen health security.
Reliable and Rapid Smooth Extubation After "Ketamine-Propfol Mixture" for Induction of General Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Drilling of Polycystic Ovary: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study
Authors: Mohammad Khalil Atef , Makram Botros Joseph , Boules Maged Labib , Gaber Ragab Safaa
Published: April 2021

Background: Ketofol's effect on hemodynamics and the airway response during inducing general anesthesia has been studied previously. However, ketofol's effect on the smoothness of extubation has not been studied yet. Objectives: We aimed to assess ketofol’s effect on the smoothness of extubation and compare it with propofol for inducing general anesthesia. Methods: This double-blind, randomized, and controlled study was conducted on 106 class I and II female patients with the “American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASAPS),” aged 18 - 40 years, scheduled for laparoscopic drilling for polycystic ovary disease under general anesthesia. The patients were assigned to two groups of 53 patients each: Group KP = ketofol and Group P = propofol. Results: There was an excellent sedation score during suction and extubation in the ketofol group. The airway response and smoothness of extubation were better in the ketofol group than in the propofol group. Conclusions: Ketofol as an induction anesthetic agent more effectively attenuated the airway response during extubation than only propofol.
The Role of Quran Translations in Radicalizing Muslims in the West and Misrepresenting Islam
Authors: Al-Tarawneh Alalddin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

There is considerable evidence that many translations of the Quran constitute fertile ground for the radicalization of a large number of Western Muslims, particularly those who do not speak Arabic as their mother tongue. While a handful of previous studies have addressed the factors engendering terrorism, more remains to be said regarding the roots thereof. Therefore, this article employs the narrative theory of translation studies (TS) to highlight how these texts are manipulated through their translation, in order to deceive and brainwash young Muslims in the West. It argues that terrorist groups are successful in creating a radicalized discourse by injecting their violent ideology into Quran translations and by framing the facts to serve their objectives. This discourse is masked by the holiness of the Quran that is not questionable for Muslims. The article concludes that many translations of the Quran are dangerous and instantiate a supportive tool for terrorist groups in their attempts to brainwash Muslims and secure recruits within Western communities. The article recommends the engagement of Western governments in monitoring the circulation of Quran translations and even in undertaking a role in institutionalizing the process of translation, rather than leaving it in the hands of unqualified individuals.
Vaishnava Nation and Militant Nationalism in Bankimacandra Chatterji’s Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood
Authors: Kundra Nakul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood (hereinafter “Anandamath”) is a political novel. In this literary work, Vaishnavism, one of the major forms of modern Hinduism, lays the foundation of the Bengali Vaishnava nation and provides the Children with a moral justification for resorting to violence under the auspices of state-seeking nationalism, which is a sociopolitical phenomenon in which members of a nation try to attain “a certain amount of sovereignty” or “political autonomy” (Guichard 2010: 15). To justify militant nationalism, Bankimacandra Chatterji (hereinafter “Bankim”) creates a code which is considerably different from Lord Chaitanya’s Vaishnava code and depicts a Dharma Yuddha along the thematic lines of the Mahabharata. Since the Vaishnava Order aims to restore the lost glory of the Mother, it demands complete dedication and commitment from the Children, who, otherwise, are to pay a heavy price. Even the caste system, which divides Hindus into four main categories—Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras—is negated to fulfil the Rashtra Dharma (national duty). The narrative is wreathed in the Indian religious and ethical values, supernaturalism, and mysticism in the epic tradition, and it upholds the principle of moral conscience, a central theme of the Bhagavad-gita (the Gita). The novelist presents Vaishnava nationalism as a Dharmic movement and the ideology of the Bengali Vaishnavas.
“Tu garante?”: aprendizagem às margens do Tapajós
Authors: Medaets Chantal
Published: April 2021

Como é comum em outros contextos nos quais os novatos têm acesso à maior parte das atividades das pessoas mais experientes, no Tapajós aprende-se participando progressivamente dessas atividades. O livro apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre essa modalidade de “aprendizagem por participação”, explicitando seus princípios gerais e as idiossincrasias da região estudada. Ali, adultos e pessoas mais experientes de maneira geral mostram-se particularmente pouco pacientes com os novatos. Nada mais distante da realidade local que a ideia de que é “errando que se aprende”. A aprendizagem acaba, então, sendo percebida como um desafio: e tu, afinal, “tu garante?”
Trading mental effort for confidence in the metacognitive control of value-based decision-making
Authors: Lee Douglas G , Daunizeau Jean
Published: April 2021

Why do we sometimes opt for actions or items that we do not value the most? Under current neurocomputational theories, such preference reversals are typically interpreted in terms of errors that arise from the unreliable signaling of value to brain decision systems. But, an alternative explanation is that people may change their mind because they are reassessing the value of alternative options while pondering the decision. So, why do we carefully ponder some decisions, but not others? In this work, we derive a computational model of the metacognitive control of decisions or MCD. In brief, we assume that fast and automatic processes first provide initial (and largely uncertain) representations of options' values, yielding prior estimates of decision difficulty. These uncertain value representations are then refined by deploying cognitive (e.g., attentional, mnesic) resources, the allocation of which is controlled by an effort-confidence tradeoff. Importantly, the anticipated benefit of allocating resources varies in a decision-by-decision manner according to the prior estimate of decision difficulty. The ensuing MCD model predicts response time, subjective feeling of effort, choice confidence, changes of mind, as well as choice-induced preference change and certainty gain. We test these predictions in a systematic manner, using a dedicated behavioral paradigm. Our results provide a quantitative link between mental effort, choice confidence, and preference reversals, which could inform interpretations of related neuroimaging findings.