bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Compressive Strength of Saltwater Mixing and Curing Cement Mortar Incorporating Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Wu Chung Hao , Chang Kao Hao , Luo Zi Yin , Lee Yi Сhen
Published: September 2024

In this study, the blast furnace slag (BFS) was used to replace 30% cement (weight replacement), freshwater, and saltwater (half, same, and twice the concentration of seawater) used to produce the cement mortar. Then, these four types of mixing water were used to cure the mortar till the test ages (7 days and 28 days). The test results show that, at 7 days, the compressive strength of saltwater (half concentration) mixing and curing mortar incorporating BFS is the highest (78 MPa). The freshwater mixing and curing control mortar has the lowest compressive strength (36.2 MPa). At 28 days, the compressive strength of saltwater (twice concentration) mixing and saltwater (half concentration) curing mortar incorporating BFS is the highest (90.2MPa). The strength of the control mortar is 53.0MPa under the same curing water, which is still relatively low. It can be seen from this that the mixing and curing of saltwater are beneficial to improving the compressive strength of cement mortar. The freshwater mixing and saltwater (twice concentration) curing cement mortar incorporating 30% BFS can have a higher strength at 28 days.
Multimodality imaging and functional assessment in patients with systemic right ventricle and biventricular physiology: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Pozza Alice , Avesani Martina , Cattapan Irene , Reffo Elena , Cavaliere Annachiara , Sabatino Jolanda , Piana Sofia , Molinaroli Anna , Sirico Domenico , Castaldi Biagio , Cerutti Alessia , Biffanti Roberta , Di Salvo Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Systemic right ventricle (sRV) dysfunction is frequent in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (cc-TGA) and those with dextro-transposition of great arteries (D-TGA) after Mustard/Senning operations. This condition should be identified promptly. We aimed to compare echocardiographic parameters with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived parameters in patients with sRV and to evaluate their correlation with clinical variables and exercise capacity. Patients with cc-TGA and D-TGA after Mustard/Senning who underwent standard and advanced (speckle tracking and 3D) echocardiography and CMR (including feature-speckle tracking) were included. Clinical and imaging parameters were collected. Echocardiographic-derived right ventricle end-diastolic area and end-systolic area correlated with 3D echocardiographic-derived right ventricle end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (r=0.6, p=0.006 and r=0.8, p=0.002). 3D ejection fraction (EF) correlated with fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (r=0.8, p=0.001 and r=0.7, p=0.03). sRV global longitudinal strain correlated with systemic atrial strain (sAS) (r=-0.6, p=0.01). CMR-derived EF correlated with CMR-derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) both endocardial and myocardial (r=-0.7, p=0.007 and r=-0.6, p=0.005). sRV areas as assessed by echo correlated with CMR-derived volumes (r=0.9, p=0.0001 for diastole and r=0.8, p=0.0001 for systole). Similarly, a correlation was found between sRV echo-derived GLS and CMR-derived GLS, both endocardial and myocardial (r=0.8, p=0.001 and r=0.7, p=0.01). The only imaging parameter which correlated with peak V02 was sAS (r=0.55, p=0.04). When comparing cc-TGA and D-TGA, the former showed better GLS-derived values as assessed by CMR (CMR-derived right ventricle endocardial longitudinal strain -23.2% versus -17.2%, p=0.002; CMR-derived right ventricle myocardial longitudinal strain -21.2% versus -16.7%; p=0.05), bigger systemic atrial area (20.2 cm2/m2 versus 8.4 cm2/m2, p=0.005) and higher TAPSE values (16.2 mm versus 12.2 mm, p=0.04). Echocardiography is valid to screen for sRV dilatation and function and to guide the timing for CMR. The investigation of atrial deformation imaging may help to better understand diastolic function. Patients with cc-TGA show better cardiac function compared to patients after atrial switch. Further investigations are needed to identify imaging parameters linked to exercise capacity.
The Christian interpretations on the nature of heaven’s mandate in late Ming and early Qing dynasties
Authors: Xiao Qinghe
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to examine in detail the Christian interpretations on the Confucian concept of the nature of the heaven’s mandate [天命之性] during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties from historical and textual perspective. Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty interpret the nature of the heaven’s mandate as human nature, believing that heaven endowed humans with reason, known as the heavenly principle [天理]. In the late Ming period, Christian missionaries such as Jesuits in China used Confucian classics to convey Christian thoughts, interpreting the heaven’s mandate as God’s mandate and the nature of the heaven’s mandate as the spirituality bestowed by God, which is equated with the soul. They also used the nature of the heaven’s mandate as a criterion for determining the authenticity of a teaching (religion[教]), asserting that Christianity is the true teaching (religion). Thus, Christianity in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties provides a new interpretation on the nature of the heaven’s mandate and promotes the integration of Christian and Confucian thoughts through this interpretation.Contribution: The paper provides a detailed review of the history of Christian interpretations on the nature of the heaven’s mandate during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Currently, there is limited scholarly research on the theological thoughts of Christianity during this period. This study not only enhances the understanding of the new interpretations by Christianity but also aids in comprehending the theological ideas of Christianity during the late Ming and early Qing periods. By reinterpreting Confucian classics, Christianity endowed them with new meanings, offering valuable references for the localisation of Christian theology and the study of cross-cultural exchange.
Late Presentation of Poland Syndrome: A Case Report of a 45-year-old Male with Unilateral Chest Wall Anomalies
Authors: Mishra Swadip , Dutta Pravati , Rao C. Mohan , Jagaty Suman Kumar , Pandey Arpit
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by unilateral chest wall anomalies, including the absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle. Typically diagnosed in childhood because of visible physical deformities, cases presenting in adulthood are rare and present unique diagnostic challenges. We report the case of a 45-year-old male with longstanding but progressively concerning asymmetry of the chest wall. The patient, who had noticed mild differences since childhood, sought medical evaluation due to increased discomfort. Physical examination revealed the absence of the sternal head of the right pectoralis major muscle. Imaging studies, including chest X-ray and computed tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of PS. This case highlights the variability in the presentation of PS and the potential for delayed diagnosis in adulthood. The rarity of late presentations underscores the need for clinicians to consider PS in the differential diagnosis of unilateral chest wall anomalies, even in adult patients. Management strategies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical intervention and physiotherapy tailored to the patient’s specific functional and esthetic needs. PS can present later in life, and increased awareness among health-care providers is essential for timely diagnosis and management. Addressing functional and cosmetic concerns through a personalized treatment plan can significantly enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.
Independent Relationship between Ankylosing Spondylitis and Presystolic Wave Detected on Echocardiography
Authors: Ergül Elif , Özyildiz Ali Gökhan , Barutçu Gökhan , Cüre Osman , Durak Hüseyin , Özyildiz Afag , Çetin Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a persistent inflammatory disease affecting the axial skeleton which may lead to cardiovascular involvement. We examined the relationship between the presystolic wave (PW), which is frequently encountered in the evaluation of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract, and AS.

Methods:

The study included 117 consecutive patients with 73 of them being male. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded and echocardiographic examination was performed.

Results:

Patients were categorized into two groups: patients diagnosed with AS (n = 64) and patients without AS (n = 53). LV ejection fraction (P = 0.014), LV mass index (P < 0.001), mitral E wave velocity (P = 0.002), and PW (P = 0.014) were independently linked with AS.

Conclusion:

A substantial correlation was found between PW and AS.
Detection of Fibroadipose Tissue Infiltration with Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Case of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lassandro Eleonora , Savo Maria Teresa , Martini Marika , Pinci Serena
Published: September 2024

In the evaluation of cardiomyopathies, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is predominantly used for assessing congenital or acquired coronary artery diseases as a potential etiology underlying the observed myocardial abnormalities. However, its utility is expected to expand. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient with claustrophobia who sought medical attention due to frequent ventricular beats. The resting electrocardiogram revealed repolarization abnormalities characterized by flattened T-waves in the lateral leads and low QRS voltages in the peripheral leads, whereas transthoracic echocardiography was normal. CCT accurately identified hypodense areas indicative of fibrofatty infiltration within the inferolateral and anterior walls of the left ventricle. Furthermore, late iodine contrast-phase imaging revealed subepicardial late enhancement striae in the same regions. These imaging findings were pivotal in establishing a diagnosis of left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. This clinical vignette underscores the potential of CCT in tissue characterization, particularly when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is contraindicated or unavailable.
Combined Efficacy of Global Longitudinal Strain and Epicardial Fat Thickness Measurement in Assessing Coronary Artery Disease Severity
Authors: Subbarao K V , Madhavan Suresh , Jayaprasad Narayanapillai
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

More positive global longitudinal strain (GLS) and higher epicardial fat thickness (EFT) correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the combined efficacy of GLS and EFT measurement in predicting severity of CAD measured by coronary angiography.

Study and Design:

Prospective, observational study conducted in Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, for 2 years. One thousand patients with ≥50% coronary stenosis were grouped as cases and 500 patients who had normal coronaries or <50% stenosis were taken as controls.

Subjects and Methods:

EFT and GLS were measured by transthoracic echo and the severity of CAD was by Gensini scoring.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Mean and standard deviation used for quantitative data and group differences were compared with Student’s t-test.

Results:

We observed a mean EFT of 7.2 mm ± 1.6 mm and mean GLS of–13.24 ± 1.6 among cases compared to a mean EFT of 3.4 mm ± 0.8 mm and mean GLS of–19.2 ± 1.2 in the controls with P < 0.001. The cutoff values of EFT and GLS for predicting significant CAD were 4.85 mm and 14.9 with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 88%.

Conclusion:

Combined use of GLS and EFT measurement is less costly and very well correlates with CAD severity.
The Direction of Slant and Horizontal Stroke as Potential Suggestive Markers for the Determination of Handedness
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Singla Anu , Yadav Baljeet , Khare Vartika
Published: September 2024

Background:

The task of document examiners is very challenging, as they need to gather all the relevant facts to make an informed decision regarding the questioned document. In the present study, a total of 300 handwriting samples from 100 different writers (involving 50 right-handed and 50 left-handed) were collected at Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. Slant and stroke, as characteristic features of handwriting, were visually examined under a stereomicroscope to ascertain the handedness.

Methods:

Slants and Strokes as characteristic features were analyzed in a total of 300 handwriting samples collected from 50 left-handed and 50 right-handed writers of age 17–22 years. A reference text comprising three pangram sentences printed on A4 paper and a blue ball point pen was used for sampling.

Results:

The data collected during the study were analyzed using a statistical method (Chi-square test) and revealed that the left-handed writers (LHWs) had a significantly (P < 0.05) different writing style than the right-handed ones. Results indicated that LHWs are more likely to make strokes in the right-to-left direction and slant of letters in the backward direction, while right-handed writers make strokes in the left-to-right direction and slant of letters in the forward direction.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study showed valuable insight and highlighted the significance of the direction of slant and horizontal stroke as potential indicators for the determination of handedness.
Development of Latent Fingerprints by Nanomaterial: An Update
Authors: Singh Shailja , Minj Kimee Hiuna
Published: September 2024

With the development of science and technology, forensics has become a more attractive scientific subject to study, and the field of nanoforensic research has seen a lot of interest in nanomaterials. Fingerprints are crucial pieces of evidence at each crime scene, and future fingerprint investigations could greatly benefit from nano-based procedures. In terms of tangible evidence for proving a person’s identity, fingerprints have historically been and now are considered to be the most valuable sort. The prints left behind at a crime scene are typically latent (invisible) fingerprints; therefore, the distinctive ridge details of fingerprints can be obtained by coating various object surfaces with various nanoparticles, with gold being the most popular choice. These nanoparticles include silver, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, gold, carbon, and silica. Latent fingerprints can be made better and more stable using nanoparticles. This review study concentrates on the employment of various nanomaterials in the creation and identification of latent fingerprints as a consequence.
Monte Carlo Simulation for the Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac Using EGSnrc
Authors: Makrani Danial Seifi , Nedaei Hassan Ali , Geraily Ghazale , Khorami-Moghaddam Alireza , Banaee Nooshin , Jassim Hussam
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

When exact information regarding the treatment head and initial electron beam is available, the Monte Carlo (MC) approach can properly simulate any linear accelerator. However, manufacturers seldom offer information such as the incident electron beam’s energy, radial intensity (spot size), or angular spread. This research aims to forecast these features and verify an MC-simulated linear accelerator model using measurements.

Materials and Methods:

The BEAMnrc code simulated a 6 MV photon beam from a Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac. Percentage depth dose and beam profile calculations were conducted using DOSYXZnrc by various electron energies and spot sizes and compared to measurements using a Gamma index with two distinct criterion sets. Furthermore, the fine-tuned electron energy and spot size profiles were created to minimize any disparities using distinct angle spreads. Finally, the output factors (OFs) for various field sizes were compared.

Results:

The MC model’s fine-tuned electron energy was determined to be 5.8 MeV, with 88.6% of the calculation points passing the 1%/1 mm γ test. A circular radial intensity of 1.4 mm best represented the 6 MV photon beam regarding spot size. Furthermore, a mean angular spread of 0.05 reduced the disparity in cross-field profile between computation and measurement. The most considerable disparities between the MC model OFs and observations were 1.5%.

Conclusion:

Using the BEAMnrc code, a reliable MC model of the Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac can be created, as shown in this paper. This model can be used to compute dose distributions with confidence.
Retrospective Comparison of Geometrical Accuracy among Atlas-based Auto-segmentation, Deep Learning Auto-segmentation, and Deformable Image Registration in the Treatment Replanning for Adaptive Radiotherapy of Head-and-Neck Cancer
Authors: Nagayasu Yukari , Inui Shoki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Masaoka Akira , Tominaga Masahide , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Konishi Koji
Published: September 2024

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the geometrical accuracy of atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS), deformable image registration (DIR), and deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) in adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC).

Subjects and Methods:

Seventeen patients who underwent replanning for ART were retrospectively studied, and delineated contours on their replanning computed tomography (CT2) images were delineated. For DIR, the planning CT image (CT1) of the evaluated patients was utilized. In contrast, ABAS was performed using an atlas dataset comprising 30 patients who were not part of the evaluated group. DLAS was trained with 143 patients from different patients from the evaluated patients. The ABAS model was improved, and a modified ABAS (mABAS) was created by adding the evaluated patients’ own CT1 to the atlas datasets of ABAS (number of patients of the atlas dataset, 31). The geometrical accuracy of DIR, DLAS, ABAS, and mABAS was evaluated.

Results:

The Dice similarity coefficient in DIR was the highest, at >0.8 at all organs at risk. The mABAS was delineated slightly more accurately than the standard ABAS. There was no significant difference between ABAS and DLAS in delineation accuracy. DIR had the lowest Hausdorff distance (HD) value (within 10 mm). The HD values in ABAS, mABAS, and DLAS were within 16 mm.

Conclusions:

DIR delineation is the most geometrically accurate ART for HNC.
Evaluation of Normal Tissue Objective Function for Treatment Planning of Solitary Brain Metastasis Using Intensity-modulated Radiosurgery Techniques
Authors: Ahamed Shabbir , Suvarna R. Padma
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the normal tissue objective (NTO) function by comparing its variations for planning solitary brain metastasis with intensity-modulated and volumetric-modulated arc radiosurgery techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-two cases were retrospectively planned with two NTO parameter sets named A and B using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques. The Type A set used slope, k = 0.4 mm−1 plus end dose, De = 20%, whereas the Type B set used k = 1.0 mm−1 plus De = 10%. The resulting four plan types were assessed using mean dose to 5 mm exterior ring, normal brain receiving 12 Gy (V12), 5 Gy total brain dose volume (V5), gradient index (R50%), focal index (FI), Paddick conformity index (PCI), prescription isodose surface (PIDS), and MU/Gy.

Results:

Brain doses were significantly lower for VMAT than for IMRT. R50% was more favorable for VMAT than for IMRT for each planning target volume (PTV). The mean FI was comparable between the corresponding IMRT and VMAT plan types. PCI was better for the IMRT_A plan type. PIDS was significantly lower for Type B plans than Type A for both techniques. For PTVs <3 cm3, IMRT plans showed poor dosimetry and required NTO settings stricter than Type B.

Conclusions:

The application of NTO variations demonstrated varied dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT techniques. The NTO parameter variations produced field size and/or beamlet size/shape variations. The strict NTO parameter set generated more conformal beam apertures to reduce the brain dose. VMAT plan types showed significantly lower brain doses and better dosimetry for all target sizes.
Genetic Susceptibility and Treatment Personalization in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review of Genetic Susceptibility and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Nirmalkar Nikita , Arora Ishani , Mishra Vaishnavi H , Bandre Gulshan R , Tiwade Yugeshwari R.
Published: September 2024

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is a complicated and heterogeneous disease impacted by various genetic susceptibility factors. The significance of genetic testing in pediatric ALL diagnosis and management, the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, and ethical issues and problems in pediatric genetic testing are discussed in this narrative review. It also looks ahead to the future of genetic susceptibility research, focusing on data integration, artificial intelligence-driven insights, and the possible finding of novel treatment targets. We hope to provide a complete view of the current status and hopeful future of precision medicine in pediatric oncology as we traverse these numerous facets of pediatric ALL. Pediatric ALL is a significant problem in the world of pediatric cancer, requiring a detailed understanding of its genetic foundations and the importance of genetic testing. This narrative review investigates the complex world of pediatric ALL, shedding light on the intricate web of genetic susceptibility factors that influence the progression and treatment results. While we investigate the importance of genetic testing, the critical function of MRD monitoring, and the ethical concerns inherent in pediatric genetic testing, we also look forward to the potential horizons of genetic susceptibility research.
Novel Mutation in ITGB3: A Case Report of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia-like Syndrome Associated with Macrothrombocytopenia
Authors: Alathaibi Abdulrhman Ibrahim , Alam Muhammad Matloob , Kamal Mohammed , Refai Mohamed , Alosaimi Faisal , Allehyani Omar , Althubaity Nojood
Published: September 2024

Congenital thrombocytopenias are a diverse range of diseases. Of them, Glanzmann thrombasthenia is an autosomal recessive platelet aggregation disorder due to defect in the alpha IIb/beta3 integrins, coded by the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. While most patients with mutations in the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes typically exhibit normal platelet size and count, there are some rare and novel variants in these genes that can lead to an autosomal dominant form of macrothrombocytopenia (large platelets) accompanied by platelet functional defects. These cases have been collectively referred to as Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like syndrome (GTLS). We report a 12-year-old male presenting with mild bleeding symptoms and macrothrombocytopenia, who was diagnosed with GTLS and macrothrombocytopenia, also known as platelet-type bleeding disorder-24, caused by a novel heterozygous variant of the ITBG3 gene.
Tp53 Genetic Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in Iraq
Authors: Mobashr Kareem Abed , Al Sharifi Liqaa Mohammed , Jawad Afraa Mahdi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant clonal proliferative condition of mature CD5+ B cells, with a 4.2/100,000 annual incidence rate and the median age at diagnosis is 72 years. CLL impacts mainly the elderly in Western nations. About 4%–10% of patients have 17p deleted at diagnosis, which includes tumor-suppressor protein (TP53) gene deletions and/or mutations. However, TP53 can also be acquired during the course of the disease, with a predictable incidence of 42%–45% in refractory CLL. Even when this mutation develops in a small percentage of neoplastic cells, the attending of subclonal TP53 changes has been linked to a bad prognosis. TP53 mutations are correlated with significantly lower lifespan and indicate impaired tolerance to chemoimmunotherapy, making them among the most powerful prognostic markers-guiding treatment decisions in CLL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was performed at different centers in Iraq, including Euphrates Center for Cancerous Tumors, Najaf, and the Hematology center-medical City, Baghdad, Imam al Hussien Medical City, Karbala, from October 2023 to June 2024, with patients diagnosed by blood film and immunophenotyping CLL, included 63 patients.

RESULTS:

DNA Sequencing of TP53 genes investigated by Sanger technique to detect TP53 variations. All potential genotype variations of the TP53 gene were detected across several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

CONCLUSIONS:

The vast majority, 93% of our patients, carry variant-type mutations of TP53. The genotype of SNP rs1597359353 was found P < 0.05, which is significant according to the White blood count (WBCs) count, although all patients on treatment or follow-up had TP53 mutations.
Artificial Intelligence in Anatomy Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Pandurangam Gayathri , Gurajala Swathi , Nagajyothi Dandu
Published: September 2024

Medical anatomy is an essential preclinical course for medical undergraduates and provides a fundamental basis for various medical and surgical specializations. Frequently, students encounter difficulties when it comes to studying and comprehending the subject matter. Several pedagogical strategies have been devised and utilized throughout the years to enhance the process of teaching and learning in the field of anatomy. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now transforming anatomy education by utilizing modern technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, machine learning, and AI-powered evaluation tools. Recent research explored the AI in anatomy teaching, emphasizing its advantages and constraints. This review provides a thorough overview of the latest developments in the use of AI in anatomical education. It explores how AI-powered technologies can improve the educational experience for anatomy students, including personalized learning, automated grading, and intelligent tutoring systems, and examines the effects of these technologies on student engagement, learning outcomes, and teaching methods.
Estimating Effective Diameter and Scan Length of Abdomen and Pelvis for Radiation Dose Optimization in Computed Tomography Imaging Suitable for the Indian Population – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nathan Vandana , Livingstone Roshan S. , Prithishkumar Ivan James
Published: September 2024

Background:

Utilization of computed tomography (CT) has dramatically increased during the last decade with a concurrent increase in exposure to ionizing radiation. Even low levels of exposure have been linked to the development of cancer. Various dose reduction and optimization techniques have been attempted to minimize the risk. Dose optimization becomes crucial when scanning thin and small-built individuals, particularly children. Reference phantoms of European or North American descent are used to develop radiological protocols. CT dose index (CTDI) metrics like scan length, volume CTDI, and dose-length product help to measure the amount of radiation dose received by patients during CT scans.

Methodolgy:

We studied the anatomical dimensions of the CT abdomen and pelvis from the topographic and tomographic images using the standard bony landmarks in 340 children and 500 adults (F = 250, M = 250) and. Cross-sectional measurements and effective diameter were also used to generate CT phantom models.

Results:

Using measured variables, phantom models have been generated in different age groups in children and adults representative of the Indian population showing a significant increase in dimensions from pediatric to adult phantom. Dimensions vary from classic reference phantoms of European or North American descent.

Conclusion:

Diagnostic reference levels must be adjusted according to the age of the patient, size of organs, or surface area of examination as body proportions vary between age groups, sex, and race. Data from this study can be used to generate the age- and sex-specific preset protocols for dose optimization in the adult Indian and pediatric population to minimize exposure risk, particularly in young children.
Occupational Injuries and Its Determinants Among Cement Factory Workers: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dewangan Pradeep K. , Verma Nirmal , Prasad Manish A. , Wasnik Ujjawala
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Cement manufacturing industry workers face inevitable circumstances and are unintentionally exposed to different injuries at the workplace. The purpose of this study was to establish the pattern of injuries and their related risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 360 workers from different departments within three cement factories in Chhattisgarh, India.

Results:

55% of employees had either abrasion (30%) or dust in their eyes (23%). Workers in open areas (unadjusted odds ratio [UOR] = 3.28 [2.08–5.18]) and those who do not have training in personal protective equipment (UOR = 2.19 [1.42–3.39]) were more likely to get injured.

Conclusions:

A high number of workers suffered from injuries, as reported by this study; therefore, there is a need for thorough training and safety procedures.
Ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group block and anterior quadratus lumborum block for analgesia in hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Abdelsalam Tamer A. , Hossam-Eldein Nourhan , Tarabeah Gehan A. , El Kenany Gouda Samah
Published: September 2024

Background and objective

The ideal regional analgesic block following hip arthroplasty is not yet defined. This trial aimed to compare the efficacy of anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block analgesia in patients subjected to hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.

Patients and methods

Following ethical approval, 70 participants scheduled for hip arthroplasty under subarachnoid block were included in the current prospective randomized double-blinded comparative study. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n=35 each): anterior QLB group and PENG group. The primary outcome was the time to the first postoperative request for analgesia. The secondary outcomes were assessment of pain during the positioning for giving spinal anesthesia, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores during movement and at rest, the total opioid consumption during the first postoperative 24 h, motor power assessment of the hip joint, and block and opioid-related complications.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the two studied groups regarding the time to first analgesic request, pain VAS scores at rest and on movement, total morphine consumption, positing pain, hip motor recovery, and block and opioid-related adverse effects.

Conclusion

The anterior QLB and the PENG block provided comparable posthip arthroplasty analgesia for patients subjected to surgeries under spinal anesthesia as evidenced by the comparable pain VAS scores, duration of analgesia, and total 24 h’ morphine consumption with comparable block and opioid safety profiles.
The Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on Spleen Immunity in Rats with Long-term Exercise-induced Fatigue
Authors: Zhang Ze-Min , Liu Chu-Han , Zuo Sha , Liu Deng-Ke , Li Rui-Da , Tian Yan-Xun , Liang Yu-Lei , Sun Dong-Yun
Published: September 2024

Objective:

By observing the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on spleen immune function in rats with long-term exercise-induced fatigue, we explored the mechanism of relieving exercise-induced fatigue.

Materials and Methods:

The male rats were divided into five groups: normal group (no intervention), control group (moxibustion at CV 8), untreated group (treadmill training), tail group (moxibustion at nonacupoint after treadmill training), and CV 8 group (moxibustion at CV 8 after treadmill training). We observed the general behavior of the rats, measured the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 in serum, and examined CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β in spleen tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the spleen.

Results:

After 8 weeks of training, the results in the normal group and CV 8 group were significantly better than those in the untreated and tail groups. In the untreated group and tail group, body weight, spleen mass, spleen index, and serum IL-10 concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), whereas high expression was observed in other parts of the serum and spleen tissue (P < 0.01). The spleen corpuscle in the white pulp was reduced and necrotic without obvious germinal centers.

Conclusions:

Moxibustion at CV 8 could inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammatory pathway to improve immunity and relieve exercise-induced fatigue.
A graphical description of the BNS-invariants of Bestvina–Brady groups and the RAAG recognition problem
Authors: Chang Yu-Chan , Ruffoni Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

A finitely presented Bestvina–Brady group (BBG) admits a presentation involving only commutators. We show that if a graph admits a certain type of spanning tree, then the associated BBG is a right-angled Artin group (RAAG). As an application, we obtain that the class of BBGs contains the class of RAAGs. On the other hand, we provide a criterion to certify that certain finitely presented BBGs are not isomorphic to RAAGs (or more general Artin groups). This is based on a description of the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel invariants of finitely presented BBGs in terms of separating subgraphs, analogous to the case of RAAGs. As an application, we characterize when the BBG associated with a 2-dimensional flag complex is a RAAG in terms of certain subgraphs.
Mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing: A bibliometric analysis as a powerful research tool
Authors: Voinova Vera V , Vasina Daria V , Bonartsev Anton P
Published: September 2024

Bibliographic analysis is still very rarely used in experimental basic study papers. The comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabetic chronic wounds, which was conducted in the work of Shi et al can be a case study and a source of valuable information for writing reviews and experimental papers in this field. Basic experimental studies on a role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing that are published in 2023-2024, such as Zhang et al in 2023, Hu et al in 2023, Wang et al in 2023 are certainly also subjects for applying this powerful tool to analyze current research, challenges and perspectives in this field. This is due to the fact that these studies have addressed a great variety of aspects of the application of MSCs for the treatment of chronic wounds, such as using both the cells themselves and their various products: Sponges, hydrogels, exosomes, and genetic constructions. Such a wide variety of directions in the field of study and biomedical application of MSCs requires a deep understanding of the current state of research in this area, which can be provided by bibliometric analysis. Thus, the use of such elements of bibliographic analysis as publication count by year and analysis of top-10 keywords calculated independently or cited from bibliometric analysis studies can be safely recommended for every basic study manuscripts, primarily for the “Introduction” section, and review.
Innovative mesenchymal stem cell treatments for fatty liver disease
Authors: Gao Fei-Qiong , Zhu Jia-Qi , Feng Xu-Dong
Published: September 2024

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is increasing year by year due to changes in the contemporary environment and dietary structure, and is an important public health problem worldwide. There is an urgent need to continuously improve the understanding of their disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a potential therapeutic strategy in therapeutic studies of NAFLD and ALD. NAFLD and ALD have different triggers and their specific mechanisms of disease progression are different, but both involve disease processes such as hepatocellular steatosis and potential fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. MSCs have metabolic regulatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects that together promote liver injury repair and functional recovery, and have demonstrated positive results in preclinical studies. This editorial is a continuum of Jiang et al ’s review focusing on the advantages and limitations of MSCs and their derivatives as therapeutics for NAFLD and ALD. They detail how MSCs attenuate the progression of NAFLD by modulating molecular pathways involved in glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. Based on recent advances, we discuss MSCs and their derivatives as therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and ALD, providing useful information for their clinical application.
Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B-hope or hype?
Authors: Ray Gautam
Published: September 2024

Chronic hepatitis B constitutes a substantial disease burden worldwide. The steps advocated by the World Health Organization in 2016 to eradicate hepatitis B by 2030 has failed to achieve significant progress, especially with respect to immunization coverage and linkage to care. The lack of governmental and public awareness regarding the long-term implications of hepatitis B burden cause underfunding of developmental projects. The presently approved treatment modalities have limited efficacy in complete viral eradication, hence the need for newer molecules to achieve functional cure (sustained undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood after a finite period of therapy). However, preliminary results from trials of novel therapies show their inadequacy to achieve this end by themselves but better performance with a low baseline serum HBsAg with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) treatment which need to be combined with/without pegylated interferon as an immunomodulator. Such therapy is limited by cost and adverse events and need to show incremental benefit over the standard of care (long-term NA therapy) with respect to efficacy and drug toxicities, making the development process tenuous. Thus, while such therapies continue to be tested, strategies should still focus on prevention of transmission by non-pharmaceutical measures, vaccination and increasing linkage to care.
Contribution of extracellular vesicles to steatosis-related liver disease and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Montoya-Buelna Margarita , Ramirez-Lopez Inocencia G , San Juan-Garcia Cesar A , Garcia-Regalado Jose J , Millan-Sanchez Mariana S , de la Cruz-Mosso Ulises , Haramati Jesse , Pereira-Suarez Ana L , Macias-Barragan Jose
Published: September 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles released by many cell types in different tissues, including the liver, and transfer specific cargo molecules from originating cells to receptor cells. This process generally culminates in activation of distant cells and inflammation and progression of certain diseases. The global chronic liver disease (CLD) epidemic is estimated at 1.5 billion patients worldwide. Cirrhosis and liver cancer are the most common risk factors for CLD. However, hepatitis C and B virus infection and obesity are also highly associated with CLD. Nonetheless, the etiology of many CLD pathophysiological, cellular, and molecular events are unclear. Changes in hepatic lipid metabolism can lead to lipotoxicity events that induce EV release. Here, we aimed to present an overview of EV features, from definition to types and biogenesis, with particular focus on the molecules related to steatosis-related liver disease, diagnosis, and therapy.
Hematological abnormalities in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Fierro-Angulo Oscar Manuel , González-Regueiro José Alberto , Pereira-García Ariana , Ruiz-Margáin Astrid , Solis-Huerta Fernando , Macías-Rodríguez Ricardo Ulises
Published: September 2024

Hematological abnormalities are common in cirrhosis and are associated with various pathophysiological mechanisms. Studies have documented a prevalence of thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia in patients with compensated cirrhosis of 77.9%, 23.5%, and 21.1%, respectively. These abnormalities carry significant clinical implications, including considerations for invasive procedures, infection risk, bleeding risk, and prognosis. Previously, cirrhosis was believed to predispose patients to bleeding due to alterations observed in classical coagulation tests such as prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and thrombocytopenia. However, this understanding has evolved, and cirrhosis patients are now also acknowledged as being at a high risk for thrombotic events. Hemostasis in cirrhosis patients presents a complex phenotype, with procoagulant and anticoagulant abnormalities offsetting each other. This multifactorial phenomenon is inadequately reflected by routine laboratory tests. Thrombotic complications are more prevalent in decompensated cirrhosis and may correlate with disease severity. Bleeding is primarily associated with portal hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, mechanical vessel injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, endotoxemia, and renal injury. This review comprehensively outlines hematologic index abnormalities, mechanisms of hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis abnormalities, limitations of laboratory testing, and clinical manifestations of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Drainage of ascites in cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Jia-Xing , Peng Yue-Ming , Zeng Hao-Tian , Lin Xi-Min , Xu Zheng-Lei
Published: September 2024

For cirrhotic refractory ascites, diuretics combined with albumin and vasoactive drugs are the first-line choice for ascites management. However, their therapeutic effects are limited, and most refractory ascites do not respond to medication treatment, necessitating consideration of drainage or surgical interventions. Consequently, numerous drainage methods for cirrhotic ascites have emerged, including large-volume paracentesis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, peritoneovenous shunt, automated low-flow ascites pump, cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy, and peritoneal catheter drainage. This review introduces the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in different aspects, as well as indications and contraindications for this disease.
Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes
Authors: Jayabalan Dujinthan , Huang Yi , Calzadilla-Bertot Luis , Janjua Malik , de Boer Bastiaan , Joseph John , Cheng Wendy , Hazeldine Simon , Smith Briohny W , MacQuillan Gerry C , Wallace Michael C , Garas George , Adams Leon A , Jeffrey Gary P
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes (AILDOS) compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is unclear.

AIM

To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related death.

METHODS

Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap (AIH-PBC) or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap (AIH-PSC) and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort study. Liver-related death or transplantation (liver-related mortality) was determined using a population-based data linkage system. Prognostic scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy [including liver outcome score (LOS), Hepascore, Mayo Score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium (MELD-Na) score].

RESULTS

Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years (range, 0.35-7.7). Fourteen were female, the median age was 46.7 years (range, 17.8 to 82.1) and median Hepascore was 1 (range, 0.07-1). At five years post enrolment, 57% of patients remained free from liver-related mortality (74% AIH-PBC, 27% AIH-PSC). There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and AIH-PSC. LOS was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality (P < 0.05) in patients with AIH-PBC (n = 14) but not AIH-PSC (n = 8). A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients (P = 0.012, log-rank test, 100% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity) (Harrell's C-statistic 0.867). The MELD score, MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any group.

CONCLUSION

Survival in the rare, AILDOS is unclear. The current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients. Further trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.
C23 ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Tang Rong-Xing , Xie Xiao-Jun , Xiong Yong , Li Su , Luo Chen , Wang Yi-Gang
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

C23, an oligo-peptide derived from cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), has been reported to inhibit tissue inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis by binding to the CIRP receptor; however, there are few reports on its role in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism is unknown.

AIM

To explore whether C23 plays a significant role in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.

METHODS

CCl4 was injected for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis and C23 was used beginning in the second week. Masson and Sirius red staining were used to examine changes in fiber levels. Inflammatory factors in the liver were detected and changes in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I expression were detected via immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the activation of hematopoietic stellate cells (HSCs). Western blotting was used to detect the activation status of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad3 axis after C23 treatment.

RESULTS

CCl4 successfully induced liver fibrosis in mice, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL (interleukin)-1β, and IL-6 levels increased significantly and the IL-10 level decreased significantly. Interestingly, C23 inhibited this process. On the other hand, C23 significantly inhibited the activation of HSCs induced by CCl4, which inhibited the expression of α-SMA and the synthesis of collagen I. In terms of mechanism, C23 can block Smad3 phosphorylation significantly and inhibits TGF-β/Smad3 pathway activation, thereby improving liver injury caused by CCl4.

CONCLUSION

C23 may block TGF-β/Smad3 axis activation, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibit the activation of HSCs induced by CCl4, alleviating liver fibrosis.