bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product Design Evaluation Using Life Cycle Assessment and Design for Assembly: A Case Study of a Water Leakage Alarm
Authors: Suhariyanto Tatbita Titin , Wahab Dzuraidah Abd , Rahman Mohd Nizam Ab
Published: August 2018

This study proposed the use of an LCA supported by a design efficiency evaluation based on Design for Assembly principles to reduce the environmental impact of a product. To illustrate the methodology, a water leakage alarm (WLA) was selected as the object for a case study. Based on the identification and evaluation of the LCA results, it was inferred that the stage with the highest environmental impact was the manufacturing stage (75.35%), followed by the use stage (23.88%), the disposal of the WLA (0.64%), and finally, the disposal of the batteries (0.14%). For the manufacturing stage, the most interrelated categories were the hazardous waste and human toxicity, while the use stage was the main contributor to ozone depletion and acidification. Moreover, the disposal of the WLA and batteries contributed to the bulk waste. Furthermore, from the assembly evaluation, the design efficiency of the product was 14%. Two recommendations for improving the design of the WLA were: (1) to reduce the number of screws from three units to one unit, and (2) to eliminate the use of a cable and to replace it with a wireless component. By implementing both the proposed recommendations, the design efficiency was improved by as much as 34%. From the environmental perspective, there is not much difference between the wired alarm and wireless alarm. The wired alarm was considered to be more environmentally friendly in terms of product manufacturing but the wireless alarm has an advantage in terms of design and energy efficiency. By combining LCA and DFA design evaluation, a more comprehensive perspective of the product life cycle can be achieved.
Re-Planning the Intermodal Transportation of Emergency Medical Supplies with Updated Transfer Centers
Authors: Ruan Junhu , Chan Felix T. S. , Zhao Xiaofeng
Published: August 2018

Helicopters and vehicles are often jointly used to transport key relief supplies and respond to disaster situations when supply nodes are far away from demand nodes or the key roads to affected areas are cut off. Emergency transfer centers (ETCs) are often changed due to secondary disasters and further rescue, so the extant intermodal transportation plan of helicopters and vehicles needs to be adjusted accordingly. Disruption management is used to re-plan emergency intermodal transportation with updated ETCs in this study. The basic idea of disruption management is to minimize the negative impact resulting from unexpected events. To measure the impact of updated ETCs on the extant plan, the authors consider three kinds of rescue participators, that is, supply recipients, rescue drivers, and transport schedulers, whose main concerns are supply arrival time, intermodal routes and transportation capacity, respectively. Based on the measurement, the authors develop a recovery model for minimizing the disturbance caused by the updated ETCs and design an improved genetic algorithm to generate solutions for the recovery model. Numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of this model and algorithm and discern that this disruption management method could produce recovery plans with shorter average waiting times, smaller disturbances for all the supply arrival times, intermodal routes and transportation capacity, and shorter running times. The comparison shows the advantage of this disruption management method over the rescheduling method.
Sustainable Development of Cultural Industry in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China: A SWOT and AHP Analysis
Authors: Fan Ting , Xue Dong Qian
Published: August 2018

The culture and landscape of Shaanxi Province are representative of Northwest China. Despite the current prosperity of tourism, the issue of sustainable development of cultural industry in Shaanxi Province is emerging increasingly. We analyzed the challenges and prospects for cultural industry in Shaanxi Province using the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) approach, in combination with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We used preferential data from local experts who have an extensive and diverse understanding of cultural industry of Shaanxi Province. The results reveal that strengths and opportunities for cultural industry in Shaanxi Province outweigh its weaknesses and threats. The experts believed that the abundant resources in landscape and history are the major strength, and the huge demand in the Chinese market is the important opportunity. While the lag in social concept and governmental execution is identified as a weakness for the development of cultural industry, Western cultural impact and domestic/intra-regional competitions are considered to be the critical threats. The quantitative analysis of the strategies indicates the strength/opportunity strategy is the optimal one for the sustainable development of Shaanxi's cultural industry.
Energy and Seismic Recovering of Ancient Hamlets: the Case of Baia e Latina
Authors: Fumo Marina , Formisano Antonio , Sibilio Giulia , Violano Antonella
Published: August 2018

This research proposes the development of a diagnostic tool to separately inspect the energetic and seismic behaviour of buildings in the small hamlet of Baia e Latina (district of Caserta) in order to evaluate and implement retrofitting interventions from seismic, energetic, and functional points of view. Methods, approaches, and tools relating to the minimisation of seismic vulnerability and energy consumption have been increasingly used and tested in order to ensure both sustainability and safety, with a connection that may improve the performances of both cultural and environmental heritage. The diagnosis method, stemming from the energy audit and the energy imprint evaluations of the buildings system (and the envelope above all), aims to redesign the whole construction or some of its parts within an energetic framework. With reference to the seismic behaviour of building aggregates, the basic methodology that has been conceived for isolated masonry buildings through a survey form has represented the starting tool for the application of an appropriate quick evaluation form considered for the aggregated structural units of historical centres. Finally, the methodology employed is aimed at obtaining an Energy Performance Certificate for the structural units of examined masonry aggregates without neglecting their seismic behaviour, which has been assessed in terms of vulnerability and damage.
Social Insurance Accounting for a Notional Defined Contribution Scheme Combining Retirement and Long-Term Care Benefits
Authors: Vidal-Meliá Carlos , Ventura-Marco Manuel , Pérez-Salamero González Juan Manuel
Published: August 2018

This paper develops a social insurance accounting model for a notional defined contribution (NDC) scheme combining retirement and long-term care (LTC) contingencies. The procedure relies on standard double-entry bookkeeping and enables us to compile a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet (ABS) following a framework equivalent to an open group approach. This methodology is suitable for reporting the system’s solvency status and can show periodical changes in the system’s financial position by means of an income statement. The information underpinning the actuarial valuation is based on events and transactions that are verifiable at the valuation date, without considering expected future trends. The paper also contains an illustrative example to make it easier for policymakers to understand the main advantages and difficulties of our proposal. The policy conclusions stress the need to properly report social insurance benefits to enhance transparency and sustainability and to improve decision-making because it is in the public interest to do so.
Does the Complexity of Evapotranspiration and Hydrological Models Enhance Robustness?
Authors: Birhanu Dereje , Kim Hyeonjun , Jang Cheolhee , Park Sanghyun
Published: August 2018

In this study, five hydrological models of increasing complexity and 12 Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) estimation methods of different data requirements were applied in order to assess their effect on model performance, optimized parameters, and robustness. The models were applied over a set of 10 catchments that are located in South Korea. The Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) algorithm was implemented to calibrate the hydrological models for each PET input while considering similar objective functions. The hydrological models’ performance was satisfactory for each PET input in the calibration and validation periods for all of the tested catchments. The five hydrological models’ performance were found to be insensitive to the 12 PET inputs because of the SCE-UA algorithm’s efficiency in optimizing model parameters. However, the five hydrological models’ parameters in charge of transforming the PET to actual evapotranspiration were sensitive and significantly affected by the PET complexity. The values of the three statistical indicators also agreed with the computed model evaluation index values. Similarly, identical behavioral similarities and Dimensionless Bias were observed in all of the tested catchments. For the five hydrological models, lack of robustness and higher Dimensionless Bias were seen for high and low flow as well as for the Hamon PET input. The results indicated that the complexity of the hydrological models’ structure and the PET estimation methods did not necessarily enhance model performance and robustness. The model performance and robustness were found to be mainly dependent on extreme hydrological conditions, including high and low flow, rather than complexity; the simplest hydrological model and PET estimation method could perform better if reliable hydro-meteorological datasets are applied.
Diazonium Salts: Versatile Molecular Glues for Sticking Conductive Polymers to Flexible Electrodes
Authors: Lo Momath , Pires Rémi , Diaw Karim , Gningue-Sall Diariatou , Oturan Mehmet A. , Aaron Jean-Jacques , Chehimi Mohamed M.
Published: August 2018

Adhesion of polymers to surfaces is of the upmost importance in timely applications such as protective coatings, biomaterials, sensors, new power sources and soft electronics. In this context, this work examines the role of molecular interactions in the adhesion of polypyrrole thin films to flexible Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes grafted with aryl layers from various diazonium salts, namely 4-carboxybenzenediazonium (ITO-CO2H), 4-sulfonicbenzenediazonium (ITO-SO3H), 4-N,N-dimethylbenzenediazonium (ITO-N(CH3)2), 4-aminobenzenediazonium (ITO-NH2), 4-cyanobenzenediazonium (ITO-CN) and 4-N-phenylbenzenediazonium (ITO-NHPh). It was demonstrated that PPy thin layers were adherent to all aryl-modified surfaces, whereas adhesive failure was noted for bare ITO following simple solvent washing or sonication. Adhesion of polypyrrole was investigated in terms of hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the underlying aryl layer as probed by contact angle measurements. It was found that sulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (PPy-BSA) thin films were preferably deposited on the most hydrophobic surfaces. More importantly, the redox properties and electrochemical impedance of PPy were closely related to the hydrophobic character of the aryl layers. This work demonstrates that diazonium compounds are unique molecular glues for conductive polymers and permit to tune their interfacial properties. With robust, diazonium-based architectured interfaces, one can design high performance materials for e.g., sensors, printed soft electronics and flexible thermoelectrics.
Thermodynamic Response of Beams on Winkler Foundation Irradiated by Moving Laser Pulses
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Liu Shoubin , Rao Zhangheng , Li Yuhang , Yang Jialing
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the exact analytical solutions are developed for the thermodynamic behavior of an Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on an elastic foundation and exposed to a time decaying laser pulse that scans over the beam with a uniform velocity. The governing equations, namely the heat conduction equation and the vibration equation are solved using the Green’s function approach. The temporal and special distributions of temperature, deflection, strain, and the energy absorbed by the elastic foundation are calculated. The effects of the laser motion speed, the modulus of elastic foundation reaction, and the laser pulse duration time are studied in detail.
Barycenter Theorem in Phase Characteristics of Symmetric and Asymmetric Windows
Authors: Luo Jiufei , Xu Haitao , Zheng Kai , Li Xinyi , Feng Song
Published: August 2018

Asymmetric windows are of increasing interest to researchers because of the nonlinear and adjustable phase response, as well as alterable time delay. Short-time phase distortion can provide an essential improvement in speech coding, and also has better performance in speech recognition. The merits of asymmetric windows in the aspect of spectral behaviors have an important function in frequency component detection and parameter estimation. In this paper, the phase response of windows were further studied, and the phase characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric windows are described. The relationship between the barycenter of windows in the time domain, and the phase characteristic at the center of the main lobe in the frequency domain, was established. In light of the relationship, an improved version of the asymmetric window- based frequency estimation algorithm was proposed. The improved algorithm has advantages of straightforward implementation and computational efficiency. The numeric simulation results also indicate that the improved approach is more robust than the traditional method against additive random noise.
On the Distinguishing Number of Functigraphs
Authors: Fazil Muhammad , Murtaza Muhammad , Ullah Zafar , Ali Usman , Javaid Imran
Published: August 2018

Let G 1 and G 2 be disjoint copies of a graph G and g : V ( G 1 ) → V ( G 2 ) be a function. A functigraph F G consists of the vertex set V ( G 1 ) ∪ V ( G 2 ) and the edge set E ( G 1 ) ∪ E ( G 2 ) ∪ { u v : g ( u ) = v } . In this paper, we extend the study of distinguishing numbers of a graph to its functigraph. We discuss the behavior of distinguishing number in passing from G to F G and find its sharp lower and upper bounds. We also discuss the distinguishing number of functigraphs of complete graphs and join graphs.
Sharing and Riding: How the Dockless Bike Sharing Scheme in China Shapes the City
Authors: Sun Yiyun
Published: August 2018

Over the last three years, the dockless bike sharing scheme has become prevalent in the context of the boom in the sharing economy, the wide use of mobile online payment, the increasing environmental awareness and the inherent market demand. This research takes Beijing as a case study, investigates the users’ characteristics, their behaviour change, and perceptions of dockless bike sharing scheme by the quantitative survey, and then analyzes the reasons behind it and how it has changed the residents’ life in Beijing. This new kind of dockless shared bikes, with great advantages of accessibility, flexibility, efficiency and affordability, helps to solve the ‘last mile’ problem, reduce the travel time, and seems to be very environmentally-friendly and sustainable. However, with the help of interview and document analysis, this research finds that the shared bikes are not the effective alternative for the frequent car-users. Nevertheless, it also has numerous negative consequences such as ‘zombie’ bikes blocking the sidewalks and vandalism to the bikes. The public is also worried about their quality and safety, especially the issues of ‘right of way’. How to coordinate and solve these problems is not only related to the future direction of the dockless bike sharing scheme but also to the vital interests of the general public. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that governments, enterprises, and the public participate in multi-party cooperation and build synergic governance networks to carry forward the advantages and avoid the negative effects of the new bike sharing system.
Lipid Composition but Not Curvature Is the Determinant Factor for the Low Molecular Mobility Observed on the Membrane of Virus-Like Vesicles
Authors: Urbančič Iztok , Brun Juliane , Shrestha Dilip , Waithe Dominic , Eggeling Christian , Chojnacki Jakub
Published: August 2018

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) acquires its lipid membrane from the plasma membrane of the infected cell from which it buds out. Previous studies have shown that the HIV-1 envelope is an environment of very low mobility, with the diffusion of incorporated proteins two orders of magnitude slower than in the plasma membrane. One of the reasons for this difference is thought to be the HIV-1 membrane composition that is characterised by a high degree of rigidity and lipid packing, which has, until now, been difficult to assess experimentally. To further refine the model of the molecular mobility on the HIV-1 surface, we herein investigated the relative importance of membrane composition and curvature in simplified model membrane systems, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of different lipid compositions and sizes (0.1–1 µm), using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy-based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS). Establishing an approach that is also applicable to measurements of molecule dynamics in virus-sized particles, we found, at least for the 0.1–1 µm sized vesicles, that the lipid composition and thus membrane rigidity, but not the curvature, play an important role in the decreased molecular mobility on the vesicles’ surface. This observation suggests that the composition of the envelope rather than the particle geometry contributes to the previously described low mobility of proteins on the HIV-1 surface. Our vesicle-based study thus provides further insight into the dynamic properties of the surface of individual HIV-1 particles, as well as paves the methodological way towards better characterisation of the properties and function of viral lipid envelopes in general.
In Situ Water Quality Improvement Mechanism (Nitrogen Removal) by Water-Lifting Aerators in a Drinking Water Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Zizhen , Huang Tinglin , Gong Weijin , Li Yang , Liu Yue , Zhao Fuwang , Dou Yanyan , Zhou Shilei , Ma Weixing
Published: August 2018

A field scale experiment was performed to explore the nitrogen removal performance of the water and surface sediment in a deep canyon-shaped drinking water reservoir by operating WLAs (water-lifting aerators). Nitrogen removal performance was achieved by increasing the densities and N-removal genes (nirK and nirS) of indigenous aerobic denitrifiers. After the operation of WLAs, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 29.1 ± 0.8% in the enhanced area. Ammonia and nitrate concentrations were reduced by 72.5 ± 2.5% and 40.5 ± 2.1%, respectively. No nitrite accumulation was observed. Biolog results showed improvement of carbon metabolism and carbon source utilization of microbes in the enhanced area. Miseq high-throughput sequencing indicated that the denitrifying bacteria percentage was also higher in the enhanced area than that in the control area. Microbial communities had changed between the enhanced and control areas. Thus, nitrogen removal through enhanced indigenous aerobic denitrifiers by the operation of WLAs was feasible and successful at the field scale.
Soil and Water Conservation in Rainfed Vineyards with Common Sainfoin and Spontaneous Vegetation under Different Ground Conditions
Authors: Ben-Salem Nahed , Álvarez Sara , López-Vicente Manuel
Published: August 2018

Soil erosion seriously affects vineyards. In this study, the influence of two vegetation covers on topsoil moisture and the effect of different physiographic conditions on runoff and sediment yields were evaluated in a rainfed vineyard formed by four fields (NE Spain) during 15 months. One field had spontaneous vegetation in the inter-row areas, and three fields had a cover crop of common sainfoin. Moisture conditions were dry and stable in the vineyards’ rows, wet and very variable in the inter-row areas and wet and very stable in the corridors. Topsoil moisture in the areas with common sainfoin was much higher than in the rows (62–70%), whereas this difference was lower with spontaneous vegetation (40%). Two runoff and sediment traps (STs) were installed in two ephemeral gullies, and 26 time-integrated surveys (TIS) were done. The mean runoff yields were 9.8 and 13.5 L TIS−1 in ST2 and ST3. Rainfall depth (12 mm) and erosivity (5.2 MJ mm ha−1 h−1) thresholds for runoff initiation were assessed. The mean turbidity was 333 (ST2) and 19 (ST3) g L−1. Changes in the canopy covers (grapevines and vegetation covers), topography and rainfall parameters explained the runoff and sediment dynamics.
Cobalt-catalyzed peri-selective alkoxylation of 1-naphthylamine derivatives
Authors: Han Jiao-Na , Du Cong , Zhu Xinju , Wang Zheng-Long , Zhu Yue , Chu Zhao-Yang , Niu Jun-Long , Song Mao-Ping
Published: August 2018

A cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)–H alkoxylation of 1-naphthylamine derivatives has been disclosed, which represents an efficient approach to synthesize aryl ethers with broad functional group tolerance. It is noteworthy that secondary alcohols, such as hexafluoroisopropanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, and isopentanol, were well tolerated under the current catalytic system. Moreover, a series of biologically relevant fluorine-aryl ethers were easily obtained under mild reaction conditions after the removal of the directing group.
BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE AS A SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Bitkowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2018

The aim of this article is to present the functioning of the Business Process Management Centre of Excellence (BPM CoE) from a knowledge perspective. Empirical research has been carried out in an enterprise operating on the territory of Poland in 2017. The results revealed that enterprises with the implementation of process approach tend to maximize knowledge diffusion and develop organizational competencies via organizing Business Process Management Centre of Excellence in the world and in Poland. An increasing number of companies adopting a Business Process Management Centre of Excellence, which is a centre for process improvement and provides many good practical solutions.
TRANSFORMATION PARAMETERS BETWEEN UCS-2000 AND WGS-84
Authors: Novikova Elena , Palamar Alena , Makhonko Svetlana , Barna Alexander , Privalova Olga
Published: August 2018

According to the Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, published in 2016, about the procedure for using the national coordinate system UCS-2000, this was the first time officially presented parameters of the Helmert transformation from the UCS-2000 system to the ITRF-2000 system. However, all software products are used for communication between various coordinate systems as the main coordinate system, WGS-84. The Helmert transformation parameters between the UCS-2000 and WGS-84 systems are found for the new realization of WGS-84 (G1762) based on GPS data and the old realization of the WGS-84, based on the US Satellite Navigation System, known as DOPPLER Transit. It is shown that the use of the transformation parameters of the old realization WGS-84 for the processing of present GPS measurements will result in a systematic error of the order of 0.6 m. Obtained transformation parameters can be used as the first approximation to obtain accurate Helmert transformations based on GPS measurements at points with known coordinates in the UCS-2000 system. The described procedure for determining the parameters will be especially useful in the case when a more accurate connection will be established between the systems ITRFyy and WGS-84, than the current one.
ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE NORMATIVE AREA OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE LAND PLOT
Authors: Malashevskyi Mykola , Kuzin Natalia , Bugaenko Elena , Palamar Alena , Malanchuk Maria
Published: August 2018

In the article, the problem of finding justified approaches aimed at achieving sustainable development of urban land use is presented. In Ukraine, as in many post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe, the transition to market relations has led to a change in production technologies, a reduction in the capacity or the termination of the functioning of industrial enterprises within settlements, but the parameters of land use remained unchanged. However, today, most of the especially large cities face the problem of lack of available land for its normal development. There are trends in the reduction of green zones and building compaction, etc.

Based on the results of the established sizes of normative land plots, tax regulation of land use it is proposed to levy a tax in a fivefold amount for a portion of the land plots granted to enterprises, institutions and organizations (except agricultural land) exceeding the standards of land allotment. In the case of the excess of establishing territory for enterprises, institutions and organizations and refusal to pay increased tax, it is possible to optimize the land use by means of an equivalent exchange.

Based on the results of the conducted studies it was established that when determining the area of a land plot for an industrial enterprise, the main technical characteristic is its capacity. Modelling is carried out on the basis of data on typical sizes of land plots and enterprise capacities. It is established that a linear regression reliably approximates the dependence of the area on the capacity of the enterprise according to calculations. A detailed analysis shows that for low-capacity enterprises their area will be more reliably determined by non- linear dependence.
A New Hyper-runaway Star Discovered from LAMOST and Gaia: Ejected Almost in the Galactic Rotation Direction
Authors: Li Yin-Bi , Luo A-Li , Zhao Gang , Lu You-Jun , Zhang Xue-Sen , Zhang Fu-Peng , Du Bing , Zuo Fang , Zhang Lan , Huang Yang , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Zhao Jing-Kun , Zhao Yong-Heng , Han Zhan-Wen
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we report the discovery of a new late-B-type unbound hyper-runaway star (LAMOST-HVS4) from the LAMOST spectroscopic surveys. According to its atmospheric parameters, it is either a B-type main-sequence (MS) star or a blue horizontal branch (BHB) star. Its Galactocentric distance and velocity are 30.3 ± 1.6 kpc and 586 ± 7 km s−1 if it is an MS star, and they are 13.2 ± 3.7 kpc and 590 ± 7 km s−1 if a BHB star. We track its trajectories back and find that the trajectories intersect with the Galactic disk, and the Galactic center lies outside of the intersection region at the 3σ confidence level. We investigate a number of mechanisms that could be responsible for the ejection of the star and find that it is probably ejected from the Galactic disk by supernova explosion or multiple-body interactions in dense young stellar clusters.
Zodiacal Light Beyond Earth Orbit Observed with Pioneer 10
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Tsumura K. , Matsuoka Y. , Pyo J.
Published: August 2018

We reanalyze the Imaging Photopolarimeter data from Pioneer 10 to study the zodiacal light in the B and R bands beyond Earth orbit, applying an improved method to subtract integrated star light (ISL) and diffuse Galactic light (DGL). We found that there exists a significant instrumental offset, making it difficult to examine the absolute sky brightness. Instead, we analyzed the differential brightness, i.e., the difference in sky brightness from the average at high ecliptic latitude, and compared with that expected from the model zodiacal light. At a heliocentric distance of r < 2 au, we found a fairly good correlation between the J-band model zodiacal light and the residual sky brightness after subtracting the ISL and DGL. The reflectances of the interplanetary dust derived from the correlation study are marginally consistent with previous works. The zodiacal light is not significantly detectable at r > 3 au, as previously reported. However, a clear discrepancy from the model is found at r = 2.94 au which indicates the existence of a local dust cloud produced by the collision of asteroids or dust trail from active asteroids (or main-belt comets). Our result confirms that the main component of the zodiacal light (smooth cloud) is consistent with the model even beyond the earth orbit, which justifies the detection of the extragalactic background light after subtracting the zodiacal light based on the model.
Visual Orbit and Individual Masses of the Single-lined Spectroscopic Binary 94 AQR A (HD 219834A; MCA 74)
Authors: Docobo José A. , Tamazian Vakhtang S. , Campo Pedro P. , Piccotti Luca
Published: August 2018

By combining our improved visual orbit with the last spectroscopic solution of the single-lined spectroscopic binary, MCA 74 (ADS 16672Aa, Ab; HD 219834A), we derived its orbital solution to have a period of 6.321 years. Using the Gaia parallax, a systemic mass of 1.87 ± 0.09

and a mass ratio of q = 0.725 were obtained, which yielded individual masses of 1.07 ± 0.06

and 0.80 ± 0.04

for the main and the secondary components, respectively. The mass and the absolute magnitude of +3.52 confirm that the primary is a late G5–G8 subgiant, while the same parameters of the secondary (Mv = +6.52) suggest that it is an early K2–K3 dwarf.
The APOGEE-2 Survey of the Orion Star-forming Complex. II. Six-dimensional Structure
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Covey Kevin , Suárez Genaro , Román-Zúñiga Carlos , Hernandez Jesus , Stassun Keivan , Jaehnig Karl O , Feigelson Eric D. , Ramírez Karla Peña , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Rio Nicola Da , Stringfellow Guy S , Kim J. Serena , Borissova Jura , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Burgasser Adam , García-Hernández D. A. , Zamora Olga , Pan Kaike , Nitschelm Christian
Published: August 2018

We present an analysis of spectroscopic and astrometric data from APOGEE-2 and Gaia DR2 to identify structures toward the Orion Complex. By applying a hierarchical clustering algorithm to the six-dimensional stellar data, we identify spatially and/or kinematically distinct groups of young stellar objects with ages ranging from 1 to 12 Myr. We also investigate the star-forming history within the Orion Complex and identify peculiar subclusters. With this method we reconstruct the older populations in the regions that are currently largely devoid of molecular gas, such as Orion C (which includes the σ Ori cluster) and Orion D (the population that traces Ori OB1a, OB1b, and Orion X). We report on the distances, kinematics, and ages of the groups within the Complex. The Orion D group is in the process of expanding. On the other hand, Orion B is still in the process of contraction. In λ Ori the proper motions are consistent with a radial expansion due to an explosion from a supernova; the traceback age from the expansion exceeds the age of the youngest stars formed near the outer edges of the region, and their formation would have been triggered when they were halfway from the cluster center to their current positions. We also present a comparison between the parallax and proper-motion solutions obtained by Gaia DR2 and those obtained toward star-forming regions by the Very Long Baseline Array.
Cool-core Clusters: The Role of BCG, Star Formation, and AGN-driven Turbulence
Authors: Prasad Deovrat , Sharma Prateek , Babul Arif
Published: August 2018

Recent observations of cool cluster cores that include the BCG gravity claim that the observed threshold in min(t
cool/t
ff) (cooling time to free-fall time ratio) lies at a somewhat higher value, close to 10–30, compared with the threshold seen in numerical simulations. There are only a few clusters in which this ratio falls much below 10. In this paper, we compare 3D hydrodynamic simulations of feedback active galactic nuclei (AGNs) jets interacting with the intracluster medium, with and without a BCG potential. We find that, for a fixed feedback efficiency, the presence of a BCG does not significantly affect the temperature, but increases (decreases) the core density (entropy) on average. Most importantly, min(t
cool/t
ff) is only affected slightly by the inclusion of the BCG gravity. Also notable is that the lowest value of min(t
cool/t
ff) in the NFW+BCG runs is about twice as large as in the NFW runs. We also look at the role of depletion of cold gas due to star formation, and show that it only affects the rotationally dominant component, while the radially dominant component remains largely unaffected. Stellar gas depletion also increases the repetition rate of AGN jets. The distribution of metals due to AGN jets in our simulations is predominantly along the jet direction, and the equatorial spread of metals is less compared with the observations. We also show that the turbulence in cool-core clusters is weak, which is consistent with recent Hitomi results on the Perseus cluster.
An ALMA Survey of Faint Disks in the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region: Why Are Some Class II Disks so Faint?
Authors: Long 龙 Feng 凤 , Herczeg 沈雷 Gregory J. 歌 , Pascucci Ilaria , Apai Dániel , Henning Thomas , Manara Carlo F. , Mulders Gijs D. , Szűcs László. , Hendler Nathanial P.
Published: August 2018

ALMA surveys of nearby star-forming regions have shown that the dust mass in the disk is correlated with the stellar mass, but with a large scatter. This scatter could indicate either different evolutionary paths of disks or different initial conditions within a single cluster. We present ALMA Cycle 3 follow-up observations for 14 Class II disks that were low signal-to-noise (S/N) detections or non-detections in our Cycle 2 survey of the ∼2 Myr old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. With five times better sensitivity, we detect millimeter dust continuum emission from six more sources and increase the detection rate to 94% (51/54) for Chamaeleon I disks around stars earlier than M3. The stellar-disk mass scaling relation reported in Pascucci et al. is confirmed with these updated measurements. Faint outliers in the F
mm–M
* plane include three non-detections (CHXR71, CHXR30A, and T54) with dust mass upper limits of 0.2 M
⊕ and three very faint disks (CHXR20, ISO91, and T51) with dust masses ∼0.5 M
⊕. By investigating the SED morphology, accretion property and stellar multiplicity, we suggest for the three millimeter non-detections that tidal interaction by a close companion (≲100 au) and internal photoevaporation may play a role in hastening the overall disk evolution. The presence of a disk around only the secondary star in a binary system may explain the observed stellar SEDs and low disk masses for some systems.
Magnetic Suppression of Zonal Flows on a Beta Plane
Authors: Constantinou Navid C. , Parker Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2018

Zonal flows in rotating systems have been previously shown to be suppressed by the imposition of a background magnetic field aligned with the direction of rotation. Understanding the physics behind the suppression may be important in systems found in astrophysical fluid dynamics, such as stellar interiors. However, the mechanism of suppression has not yet been explained. In the idealized setting of a magnetized beta plane, we provide a theoretical explanation that shows how magnetic fluctuations directly counteract the growth of weak zonal flows. Two distinct calculations yield consistent conclusions. The first, which is simpler and more physically transparent, extends the Kelvin–Orr shearing wave to include magnetic fields and shows that a weak, long-wavelength shear flow organizes magnetic fluctuations to absorb energy from the mean flow. The second calculation, based on the quasilinear, statistical CE2 framework, is valid for arbitrary wavelength zonal flow and predicts a self-consistent growth rate of the zonal flow. We find that a background magnetic field suppresses zonal flow if the bare Alfvén frequency is comparable to or larger than the bare Rossby frequency. However, suppression can occur for even smaller magnetic fields if the resistivity is sufficiently small enough to allow sizable magnetic fluctuations. Our calculations reproduce the

scaling that describes the boundary of zonation, as found in previous work, and we explicitly link this scaling to the amplitude of magnetic fluctuations.
ALMA Observations of Supernova Remnant N49 in the LMC. I. Discovery of CO Clumps Associated with X-Ray and Radio Continuum Shells
Authors: Yamane Y. , Sano H. , van Loon J. Th. , Filipović M. D. , Fujii K. , Tokuda K. , Tsuge K. , Nagaya T. , Yoshiike S. , Grieve K. , Voisin F. , Rowell G. , Indebetouw R. , Lakićević M. , Temim T. , Staveley-Smith L. , Rho J. , Long K. S. , Park S. , Seok J. , Mizuno N. , Kawamura A. , Onishi T. , Inoue T. , Inutsuka S. , Tachihara K. , Fukui Y.
Published: August 2018

N49 (LHA 120-N49) is a bright X-ray supernova remnant (SNR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We present new 12CO (J = 1–0, 3–2), H i, and 1.4 GHz radio continuum observations of the SNR N49 using Mopra, ASTE, ALMA, and ATCA. We have newly identified three H i clouds using ATCA with an angular resolution of ∼20″: one associated with the SNR and the others located in front of the SNR. Both the CO and H i clouds in the velocity range from 281 to 291 km s−1 are spatially correlated with both the soft X-rays (0.2–1.2 keV) and the hard X-rays (2.0–7.0 keV) of N49 on a ∼10 pc scale. CO 3–2/1–0 intensity ratios indicate higher values of the CO cloud toward the SNR shell with an angular resolution of ∼45″, and thus a strong interaction was suggested. Using the ALMA, we have spatially resolved CO clumps embedded within or along the southeastern rim of N49 with an angular resolution of ∼3″. Three of the CO clumps are rim brightened on a 0.7–2 pc scale in both hard X-rays and the radio continuum: this provides further evidence for dynamical interactions between the CO clumps and the SNR shock wave. The enhancement of the radio synchrotron radiation can be understood in terms of magnetic field amplification around the CO clumps via a shock–cloud interaction. We also present a possible scenario in which the recombining plasma that dominates the hard X-rays from N49 was formed via thermal conduction between the SNR shock waves and the cold/dense molecular clumps.
Super-Eddington Winds from Type I X-Ray Bursts
Authors: Yu Hang , Weinberg Nevin N.
Published: August 2018

We present hydrodynamic simulations of spherically symmetric super-Eddington winds from radius-expansion type I X-ray bursts. Previous studies assumed a steady-state wind and treated the mass-loss rate as a free parameter. Using MESA, we follow the multi-zone time-dependent burning, the convective and radiative heating of the atmosphere during the burst rise, and the launch and evolution of the optically thick radiation-driven wind as the photosphere expands outward to radii r
ph ≳ 100 km. We focus on neutron stars (NSs) accreting pure helium and study bursts over a range of ignition depths. We find that the wind ejects ≈0.2% of the accreted layer, nearly independent of ignition depth. This implies that ≈30% of the nuclear energy release is used to unbind matter from the NS surface. We show that ashes of nuclear burning are ejected in the wind and dominate the wind composition for bursts that ignite at column depths ≳109 g cm−2. The ejecta are composed primarily of elements with mass numbers A > 40, which we find should imprint photoionization edges on the burst spectra. Evidence of heavy-element edges has been reported in the spectra of strong radius-expansion bursts. We find that after ≈1 s, the wind composition transitions from mostly light elements (4He and 12C), which sit at the top of the atmosphere, to mostly heavy elements (A > 40), which sit deeper down. This may explain why the photospheric radii of all superexpansion bursts show a transition after ≈1 s from a superexpansion (

) to a moderate expansion (

).
Offsets of Masers with Respect to the Middle of the Perseus Arm and the Corotation Radius in the Milky Way
Authors: Vallée Jacques P.
Published: August 2018

The radial distance to the corotation radius

R

coro

(where the angular speed of the gas and stars,

Ω

gas

, in orbit around the Galactic center (GC) is equal to the angular speed of the spiral arm pattern,

Ω

sp

) has often been predicted (at various places), but not measured with high precision. Here we test the locations of masers with respect to the Perseus arm (Table 1). Our analysis of the masers and H ii regions near the Perseus arm (mostly located on the inner arm side, by about 0.4 ± 0.1 kpc from the cold CO mid-arm) shows that the corotation

R

coro

must be >10.8 kpc from the GC (Figure 1). This implies that the angular rotation speed of the spiral pattern

Ω

sp

< 21.3 km s−1 kpc−1. Another test in Galactic quadrant II shows that the radial velocity of the masers is generally more negative than that of the CO mid-arm (Figure 2), indicating a deceleration with respect to the CO mid-arm, by about 9 ± 3 km s−1. This implies that

Ω

sp

< 20.7 km s−1 kpc−1, and thus

R

coro

> 11.1 kpc. Finally, comparing our results with other published results (Table 2), we find a statistical mean corotation radius

R

coro

predicted to be near 12 ± 1 kpc from the GC (beyond the Perseus arm; before the Cygnus arm), and a mean angular spiral pattern speed,

Ω

sp

, predicted to be near 19 ± 2 km s−1 kpc−1.
The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project: System Overview
Authors:   The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, Amiri M. , Bandura K. , Berger P. , Bhardwaj M. , Boyce M. M. , Boyle P. J. , Brar C. , Burhanpurkar M. , Chawla P. , Chowdhury J. , Cliche J.-F. , Cranmer M. D. , Cubranic D. , Deng M. , Denman N. , Dobbs M. , Fandino M. , Fonseca E. , Gaensler B. M. , Giri U. , Gilbert A. J. , Good D. C. , Guliani S. , Halpern M. , Hinshaw G. , Höfer C. , Josephy A. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lang D. , Liao H. , Masui K. W. , Mena-Parra J. , Naidu A. , Newburgh L. B. , Ng C. , Patel C. , Pen U.-L. , Pinsonneault-Marotte T. , Pleunis Z. , Ravandi M. Rafiei , Ransom S. M. , Renard A. , Scholz P. , Sigurdson K. , Siegel S. R. , Smith K. M. , Stairs I. H. , Tendulkar S. P. , Vanderlinde K. , Wiebe D. V.
Published: August 2018

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a novel transit radio telescope operating across the 400–800 MHz band. CHIME is composed of four 20 m × 100 m semicylindrical paraboloid reflectors, each of which has 256 dual-polarization feeds suspended along its axis, giving it a ≳200 deg2 field of view. This, combined with wide bandwidth, high sensitivity, and a powerful correlator, makes CHIME an excellent instrument for the detection of fast radio bursts (FRBs). The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project (CHIME/FRB) will search beam-formed, high time and frequency resolution data in real time for FRBs in the CHIME field of view. Here we describe the CHIME/FRB back end, including the real-time FRB search and detection software pipeline, as well as the planned offline analyses. We estimate a CHIME/FRB detection rate of 2–42 FRBs sky–1 day–1 normalizing to the rate estimated at 1.4 GHz by Vander Wiel et al. Likely science outcomes of CHIME/FRB are also discussed. CHIME/FRB is currently operational in a commissioning phase, with science operations expected to commence in the latter half of 2018.
L’opinion publique au fondement du droit de punir : fragments d’une nouvelle théorie de la peine ?
Authors: Dubé Richard , Garcia Margarida
Published: August 2018

Cet article porte sur les références à la notion d’opinion publique dans les débats parlementaires canadiens visant l’adoption de lois pénales plus sévères. La confiance du public dans l’administration de la justice est alors au cœur des préoccupations législatives et engendre une stratégie de « séduction » qui va jusqu’à loger au second rang l’objectif de la protection de la société. Cette stratégie parait s’appuyer sur des fondements du droit de punir différents de ceux auxquels les théories de la peine de la « rationalité pénale moderne » de Pires (1998, 2001) avaient pu nous habituer depuis le milieu du XVIII e siècle. Nous y voyons, au cœur même de cette rationalité pénale, l’émergence d’une théorie de l’approbation publique et de nouveaux obstacles à l’évolution du droit criminel moderne.
Harcèlement scolaire et/ou bouc émissaire ? Une étude de cas en cours d’éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Bouchet Adeline , Garnier Alix , Vors Olivier
Published: August 2018

L’originalité de cet article s’inscrit dans la différentiation des phénomènes de harcèlement scolaire et bouc émissaire au sein même de la classe. Cette étude de cas a pour but d’étudier in situ les processus victimaires à l’œuvre auprès d’un élève, Younes, au sein des cours d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS). Selon un ancrage situé de l’action, nous décrivons et analysons les faits de violence et leurs significations pour les acteurs. Les résultats montrent que la victime de harcèlement scolaire subit de nombreux actes de violences, tant physiques que psychologiques. De plus, cette analyse met en évidence que la victime de harcèlement peut aussi être un bouc émissaire en acceptant, de manière inconsciente, d’entrer dans un processus de dépersonnalisation.
Sociabilité carcérale et réinsertion
Authors: François Axelle , Nolet Anne-Marie , Morselli Carlo
Published: August 2018

Prenant appui sur les recherches actuelles dans le traitement de la délinquance et mobilisant l’analyse des réseaux sociaux, cet article interroge l’influence de la sociabilité carcérale sur les perceptions individuelles à l’égard de la réinsertion. Les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès de 22 résidents d’une maison de transition située à Montréal suggèrent que plus le niveau de sociabilité carcérale est élevé, plus les résidents ont une vision négative de leur réinsertion, et inversement. En cohérence avec le phénomène général d’institutionnalisation, ce résultat et l’étude dans son ensemble autorisent la réflexion quant aux interventions conduites auprès de personnes contrevenantes.
Specific Compensatory Syndromes in Psychiatry: The “Offset” Concept
Authors: Golbin Alexander
Published: August 2018

At this moment in psychiatry there is a need to search not only for biological markers of mental disorders but also for an understanding of their physiological and biological nature. This search is possible with integrations of advances from many fields including sleep medicine, neurophysiology, dynamic theory in physics, and theories of open systems. Dynamics in physics have brought a change in thinking of health as a “homeostasis” to health as a “dynamic instability.” Seen from this view, mild disorders (dynamic compensation) are not a bad thing but are actually necessary for someone's health. Based on these principles, this article proposes that the “offset” concept may apply to psychiatric disorders. This article describes the possible nature of some sleep, psychosomatic, and habit disorders as self-organized specific compensatory syndromes that have developed to offset immature or otherwise deviated functioning of underlying brain and body systems.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(8):392–395.]
When Treatment Turns to Addiction: Emerging Issues in Over-the-Counter and Prescription Drug Abuse
Authors: Li Benjamin T. , Moukaddam Nidal , Parks Kimberly D. L. , Shah Asim A.
Published: August 2018

As the availability of both over-the-counter and prescription medications has grown, medications that were previously classified as “harmless” are now being misused. Detection of misuse of other substances can be difficult as many are not found on typical screens. In this article, we discuss promethazine, quetiapine, loperamide, bupropion, zolpidem, and gabapentin, and our current understanding of their misuse and the characteristics of their addictive properties if known. Although we know much about their clinical indications, the reasons and reinforcing properties leading to their misuse is largely unknown. With this article, we also hope to raise clinician awareness for the potential medical consequences and psychotropic effects stemming from the misuse of these drugs.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(8):379–383.]