bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovations in t-way test creation based on a hybrid hill climbing-greedy algorithm
Authors: Fadhil Heba Mohammed , Abdullah Mohammed , Younis Mohammed
Published: December 2022

In combinatorial testing development, the fabrication of covering arrays is the key challenge by the multiple aspects that influence it. A wide range of combinatorial problems can be solved using metaheuristic and greedy techniques. Combining the greedy technique utilizing a metaheuristic search technique like hill climbing (HC), can produce feasible results for combinatorial tests. Methods based on metaheuristics are used to deal with tuples that may be left after redundancy using greedy strategies; then the result utilization is assured to be near-optimal using a metaheuristic algorithm. As a result, the use of both greedy and HC algorithms in a single test generation system is a good candidate if constructed correctly. This study presents a hybrid greedy hill climbing algorithm (HGHC) that ensures both effectiveness and near-optimal results for generating a small number of test data. To make certain that the suggested HGHC outperforms the most used techniques in terms of test size. It is compared to others in order to determine its effectiveness. In contrast to recent practices utilized for the production of covering arrays (CAs) and mixed covering arrays (MCAs), this hybrid strategy is superior since allowing it to provide the utmost outcome while reducing the size and limit the loss of unique pairings in the CA/MCA generation.
Product defect detection based on convolutional autoencoder and one-class classification
Authors: Chaabi Meryem , Hamlich Mohamed , Garouani Moncef
Published: December 2022

To meet customer expectations and remain competitive, industrials try constantly to improve their quality control systems. There is hence increasing demand for adopting automatic defect detection solutions. However, the biggest issue in addressing such systems is the imbalanced aspect of industrial datasets. Often, defect-free samples far exceed the defected ones, due to continuous improvement approaches adopted by manufacturing companies. In this sense, we propose an automatic defect detection system based on one-class classification (OCC) since it involves only normal samples during training. It consists of three sub-models, first, a convolutional autoencoder serves as latent features extractor, the extracted features vectors are subsequently fed into the dimensionality reduction process by performing principal component analysis (PCA), then the reduced-dimensional data are used to train the one-class classifier support vector data description (SVDD). During the test phase, both normal and defected images are used. The first two stages of the trained model generate a low-dimensional features vector, whereas the SVDD classifies the new input, whether it is defect-free or defected. This approach is evaluated on the carpet images from the industrial inspection dataset MVTec anomaly detection (MVTec AD). During training, only normal images were used. The results showed that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Análise da incidência de complicações materno-fetais após o uso dos critérios da IADPSG para o diagnóstico do diabetes gestacional – uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Tsutida Carolina Arissa , Mendes Carolina Dusi , Corrêa Giovana Luiza , Mallmann Fernanda Emanuelle , Leitão Andressa Miguel
Published: December 2022

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) é definido como qualquer grau de intolerância à glicose, com início ou primeiro reconhecimento durante a gestação que se resolve após o parto. A hiperglicemia durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal é responsável pelo risco aumentado de desfechos perinatais indesejados e de complicações materno-fetais. A introdução de novos critérios pela International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) visa melhorar tais desfechos a longo prazo. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência das complicações materno-fetais após o uso dos critérios da IADPSG para o diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados PUBMED e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), que inclui as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Os descritores aplicados foram “gestational diabetes”, “outcomes”, “incidence” e “IADPSG”, permutados pelo booleano “AND”. Foram selecionados os artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, totalizando 264 artigos. Ao final, 16 publicações foram selecionadas seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados:  Evidenciou-se o aumento da prevalência do diagnóstico de DMG com a aplicação do critério da IADPSG e redução da incidência da maioria das complicações maternas, fetais e perinatais. Provavelmente, tal resultado está associado com o tratamento dessas gestantes quando diagnosticadas precocemente com o critério da IADPSG. Apesar da discordância de resultados, grande parte dos autores apoia o uso das recomendações da IADPSG para o diagnóstico da DMG. Conclusão: A implementação dos critérios da IADPSG apresentou importante redução das complicações maternas e redução de algumas complicações fetais e perinatais analisadas no presente estudo. Assim, a utilização do critério IADPSG para avaliar a redução da incidência dos desfechos adversos maternos e fetais necessita de continuidade nas pesquisas a fim de determinar as vantagens do uso de tal critério quando comparado aos demais.
Hérnia de Amyand: um achado inesperado em hérnia inguinal
Authors: Fonseca Neto Olival Cirilo Lucena da , Martins Beatriz Costa Nava , Pedrosa Maria das Graças Lapenda
Published: December 2022

A hérnia de Amyand foi descrita primeiramente pelo cirurgião francês Claudius Amyand em 1735, quando uma criança de 11 anos foi submetida à apendicectomia devido a fístula estercoral em região inguinal. Hérnia de Amyand é um raro tipo de hérnia onde o apêndice vermiforme encontra-se no conteúdo da hérnia inguinal. O apêndice dentro da hérnia pode estar normal ou com uma apendicite complicada. A incidência desse tipo de hérnia representa cerca de 1% das hérnias inguinais. Foi descrito o caso de um paciente com hérnia inguinal direita, onde se encontrou o apêndice vermiforme no interior do saco herniário e o seu manejo.
A posição das imagens – Texto, fotografia e cinema. Didi-Huberman sobre Benjamin, Brecht e Pasolini
Authors: Mello Marcelo Cordeiro de
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo, exploramos o diálogo entre o dramaturgo Bertolt Brecht e o cineasta Pier Paolo Pasolini a partir da interpretação do filósofo e historiador da arte Georges Didi-Huberman. Nossa análise se inspira em diferentes estudos de Didi-Huberman sobre cada um desses dois artistas: no caso de Brecht, o longo ensaio Quando as imagens tomam posição analisa obras brechtianas que misturam texto e fotografia. Procuramos traçar paralelos entre esse ensaio e a análise feita, também por Didi-Huberman, em duas conferências sobre o filme La rabbia de Pasolini, um documentário poético. Ao longo de nosso artigo, exploramos de forma mais ampla diversos conceitos do pensamento de Didi-Huberman sobre a relação entre texto e imagem, e sobre os reposicionamentos e as permutações entre imagens (especialmente as imagens históricas), procurando concatenar os diferentes trabalhos de Didi-Huberman com as obras de Brecht e Pasolini. Utilizamos conceitos de Didi-Huberman como montagem, sobrevivência e dessemelhança, entre outros.
Força muscular isométrica de flexores e extensores de cotovelo de crianças e adolescentes com doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth: dados preliminares
Authors: Cruz Karoliny Lisandra Teixeira , Franco Camila Scarpino Barboza , Baptista Cyntia Rogean de Jesus Alves de , Mattiello-Sverzut Ana Claudia
Published: December 2022

A doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) é uma neuropatia sensório-motora hereditária, caracterizada clinicamente pelo comprometimento em estrutura e função, tal como na força muscular, somatosensorial e marcha.
Análise sobre educação em dor durante a graduação e prática médica: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Oliveira Sofia Juelle de , Silva Filho Francivaldo Araújo , Sarmento Viviane Porangaba , Lima Delane Henrique de Araújo Ramires , Chiappetta Lorella Marianne , Pinto Junior Alexandre Otilio
Published: December 2022

De acordo com a Associação Internacional para o Estudo da Dor (IASP), a dor é definida como uma experiência sensitiva e emocional desagradável associada, ou semelhante àquela associada, a uma lesão tecidual real ou potencial.
First larvae of Raphidioptera from Eocene Sakhalinian and Rovno ambers
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , ANISYUTKIN LEONID N. , DUBOVIKOFF DMITRY A.
Published: December 2022

We describe two larvae of Raphidioptera probably belonging to different genera of Raphidiidae, the first recorded from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber and late Eocene Rovno amber. The Sakhalinian larva is the first confirmed representative of Raphidioptera from the Cenozoic of Asia, and most probably the oldest larvae of an extant family of the order. The Rovno amber larva is the first European Cenozoic immature raphidiopteran found outside of Russo-Scandia. The terrestrial insect assemblage of the Sakhalinian amber forest is discussed, including snakeflies. An abundance of aphids and rarity of ants distinguishes this assemblage from other Cenozoic amber faunas.
Beyond Power Politics: How Ideology Motivates Threat Perception—and International Relations
Authors: Gries Peter
Published: December 2022

A growing literature demonstrates that ideology shapes international relations. But just how does ideology have its effect? This article develops an integrated model of mediators and moderators of the impact of ideology on foreign policy. Specifically, it hypothesizes that ideologically motivated perceptions of threat and national power sequentially mediate the impact of individual-level ideologies on foreign policy preferences, and that in/out-group social categorization processes moderate the relationship. We interrogate these propositions with three plausibility probe case studies. The conclusion discusses which aspects of the model were best supported by the plausibility probes—and suggests hypotheses for future causal testing.
The Application of Behavioral Insights into B2B Market Research
Authors: Jirásek Michal , Macháčová Irma , Soukup Tomáš
Published: December 2022

Behavioral sciences have made significant contributions to informing us about human decision making. In this study, we recount our experience from incorporating these insights into business-to-business market research. We share the insights gained from this endeavor, particularly how we deal with the obstacles encountered. The most significant obstacles are the overwhelming quantity of behavioral insights into the literature, the lack of practical guidelines for their use, and the problem of communicating their added value to clients. Our solution is to simplify the overall process. First, we merge individual insights into broader behavioral mechanisms. Second, instead of testing for the existence of these mechanisms, we focus on identifying conditions that enable them to influence decision making. This approach allows us to provide actionable recommendations for clients while avoiding great expense and excessive complexity. We believe that our experience will be helpful to others who aim to translate behavioral insights into practice.
Forum-shopping pirates? Litigation strategies to address maritime plunder in late-medieval Flanders
Authors: Fieremans Niels
Published: December 2022

Late-medieval Flanders was a patchwork of jurisdictions. Especially in terms of maritime plunder, different prosecutors and different courts could claim competency. However, where these plunderers appeared or where the plundered claimed their damages mattered significantly. This article investigates how these landlocked courts tried to claim competency over the events happening at sea. What were the consequences of the litigation strategies relating to maritime plunder, and how did plunderers and the plundered deal with these? Especially in medieval Bruges, there was a pragmatic approach towards favouring some of the important merchant communities while using princely institutions to chastise other (deemed harmful) plunderers.
Doing Respectable Heteromasculinities in Boys and Young Men’s Talk on Sexual Encounters
Authors: Aho Timo , Peltola Marja
Published: December 2022

Recent studies on boys and young men’s heterosexual practices point in contradictory directions. On the one hand, boys and young men seem to be placing less value on “hard”, overtly aggressive masculinity and compulsive heterosexuality, in keeping with their adoption of more egalitarian attitudes in their sexual relationships. On the other hand, the hegemonic masculine notions that associate “real” men with sexual prowess persist as well. In this article, we argue that this contradiction indicates careful (re)calibration in doing respectable heteromasculinities. We draw on a small-scale qualitative study located in Helsinki, Finland, in illuminating how cis-gendered boys and young men with less privileged backgrounds construct their heteromasculinities as respectable, which requires context-specific balancing between distancing themselves from and embracing hegemonic notions of manhood. Through this balancing, the boys and young men reconfigure not necessary the substance but the style of respectable heteromasculinity; thereby upholding masculine hegemony by attuning it to the claims of the “#MeToo era.”
Assessing Student Knowledge About Disabilities and Filling the Gap: Including Disability and Accessibility Content Into the Advertising Classroom
Authors: Nelson Michelle R. , Cook Kirby
Published: December 2022

Persons with disabilities make up at least 15% of the population, yet advertising has, until recently, virtually ignored this audience. We report findings from a survey with 126 students enrolled in advertising classes to gauge awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of disability and advertising. Results show that the majority of students were largely unfamiliar with terminology and with web accessibility guidelines; only 22% learned about disability in any class. Students believed they had some knowledge but indicated that they would like to learn more about disability and advertising for their careers. Students perceived that the advertising industry does not make enough effort to consider disability in advertising. However, they listed brands (e.g., Nike, Apple) that were doing a good job with respect to disability. Results suggest that more content related to persons with disabilities and accessibility should be included in advertising curriculum; ideas and resources are shared.
A Dynamic Analysis of Equal Revenue Sharing and Endogenous Salary Caps in the N-Team Leagues
Authors: Fujimoto Masaki
Published: December 2022

This article studies the combined effect of equal revenue sharing and endogenous salary caps in a dynamical setting. It is shown that (i) a combination of equal revenue sharing and salary caps cannot eliminate competitive imbalance in the league; (ii) the share of player salaries has no impact on the distribution of talent among teams; (iii) under equal revenue sharing, the introduction of salary restrictions is not meant to prevent player salaries from rising, but to prevent them from falling; and (iv) under equal revenue sharing and salary caps, the reverse-order draft is incompatible with talent investment incentives of teams.
Selective exposure during uprisings: A comparative study of news uses in Chile, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon
Authors: Melki Jad , Kozman Claudia , Mellado Claudia , Elórtegui Claudio , So Clement Y. K. , Movahedian Mostafa , Salim Sahar Khalifa , Farhat Sally
Published: December 2022

In periods of political unrest, media habits change significantly, allowing for new patterns of selectivity. This study's main contribution lies in its application of selective exposure theory and its comparison of people's media uses in five Global South polities that witnessed widespread protests in 2019: Chile, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon. It examines the relationship between people's trust in the media and selective exposure at a global comparative level and within the contexts of political upheavals and hyperconnected media systems. The study also assesses the relationship between issue publics and participation in protests. Using cross-sectional surveys in each of the five countries/regions, it compares participants’ support for the protests and their exposure to legacy and social media. The findings reveal that media trust and issue publics play a significant role in determining the level of preference for pro-attitudinal news content. Trusting pro-attitudinal TV channels relates to following pro-attitudinal TV channels, and trusting counter-attitudinal TV channels relates to following counter-attitudinal TV channels. In addition, the strong issue publics group was more likely than the weak and moderate issue publics groups to participate in street protests.
Connecting the Sustainable Development Goals to firm-level sustainability and ESG factors: The need for double materiality
Authors: Delgado-Ceballos Javier , Ortiz-De-Mandojana Natalia , Antolín-López Raquel , Montiel Ivan
Published: December 2022

In this essay, we connect the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—an extensive collection of society-level goals and targets aimed at addressing grand challenges and achieving global sustainability by 2030—to firm-level sustainability and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. In doing so, we highlight the importance of connecting the SDGs with the concept of double materiality—stakeholder materiality and financial materiality. Our assessment helps businesses navigate the intricate sustainability space and understand the ways in which their sustainability interventions can help solve the ESG grand challenges encapsulated in the SDGs. We conclude the article by introducing the five research articles that are part of the special issue “Our house is on fire! The role of business in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals” and suggesting a path for the future that revolves around creating standardized “sustainability balance sheets” in business.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: M14, M20, Q50, Q56
Nelarabine combination therapy for relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
Authors: Shimony Shai , Liu Yiwen , Valtis Yannis K. , Paolino Jonathan D. , Place Andrew E. , Brunner Andrew M. , Weeks Lachelle D. , Silverman Lewis B. , Vrooman Lynda M. , Neuberg Donna S. , Stone Richard M. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Luskin Marlise R.
Published: December 2022

Nelarabine, an antimetabolite prodrug, is approved as monotherapy for children and adults with relapsed and refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (R/R T-ALL/LBL), although it is often used in combination regimens. We sought to understand differences in efficacy and toxicity when nelarabine is administered alone or in combination. We retrospectively analyzed 44 consecutive patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL; 29 of whom were treated with combination therapy, most with cyclophosphamide and etoposide (23, 79%) and 15 with monotherapy. The median age was 19 years (range, 2-69), including 18 children (<18 years). After a median of 1 (range, 1-3) cycle of treatment, 24 patients (55%) achieved complete remission, 62% (18/29) with combination therapy and 40% (6/15) with monotherapy (P = .21). Most responders (21, 88%) pursued allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT). Overall survival (OS) was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.93-not reached) in the entire cohort and was higher in the combination therapy than in the monotherapy group (24-month OS, 53% vs 8%; P = .003). The rate of neurotoxicity was similar between groups (27% vs 17%; P = .46) and grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia were more frequent in the combination group (76% vs 20%; P < .001% and 66% vs 27%; P = .014, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, nelarabine combination therapy and alloSCT post nelarabine were associated with improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.41; P = .04 and hazard ratio, 0.25; P = .008, respectively). In conclusion, compared with monotherapy, nelarabine combination therapy was well tolerated and associated with improved survival in pediatric and adult patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL.
Characteristics of circulating KSHV-infected viroblasts during active KSHV+ multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Martin de Frémont Gregoire , Vanjak Anthony , Sbihi Zineb , Knapp Silene , Garzaro Margaux , Chbihi Marwa , Fournier Benjamin , Poirot Justine , Dossier Antoine , Silvestrini Marc-Antoine , Villemonteix Juliette , Meignin Véronique , Galicier Lionel , Bertinchamp Rémi , Le Goff Jerome , Salmona Maud , Flamarion Edouard , Cassius Charles , Lebbé Celeste , Ronchetti Anne Marie , Latour Sylvain , Oksenhendler Eric , Carcelain Guislaine , Boutboul David
Published: December 2022

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8–associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. The diagnosis relies on lymph node biopsy demonstrating KSHV-infected cells located in the mantle zone with a marked interfollicular plasma cell infiltration. Infected cells are large cells positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM), λ light chain, and CD38, described initially as infected plasmablasts. We show that IgM+λ+CD38high cells were also detectable in the peripheral blood of 14 out of 18 (78%) patients with active KSHV-MCD and absent in 40 controls. Using immunofluorescence and flow–fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that these cells are KSHV infected and express both latent and lytic KSHV transcripts. These KSHV-infected viroblasts (KIVs) harbor a distinct phenotype compared with conventional plasmablasts. We also identified several putative mechanisms of immune escape used by KSHV, because KIVs displayed an overall decrease of costimulatory molecules, with a remarkable lack of CD40 expression and are interleukin-10–producing cells. The identification of this specific and easily accessible KSHV+ circulating population brings new elements to the understanding of KSHV-MCD but also raises new questions that need to be clarified.
Endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 attenuates platelet endoplasmic reticulum stress and secretion in a mouse model
Authors: Lay Angelina J. , Dupuy Alexander , Hagimola Lejla , Tieng Jessica , Larance Mark , Zhang Yunwei , Yang Jean , Kong Yvonne , Chiu Joyce , Gray Emilia , Qin Zihao , Schmidt Diana , Maclean Jessica , Hofma Benjamin , Ellis Marc , Kalev-Zylinska Maggie , Argon Yair , Jackson Shaun P. , Hogg Philip , Passam Freda H.
Published: December 2022

Extracellular protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), including PDI, endoplasmic reticulum protein 57 (ERp57), ERp72, ERp46, and ERp5, are required for in vivo thrombus formation in mice. Platelets secrete PDIs upon activation, which regulate platelet aggregation. However, platelets secrete only ∼10% of their PDI content extracellularly. The intracellular role of PDIs in platelet function is unknown. Here, we aim to characterize the role of ERp5 (gene Pdia6) using platelet conditional knockout mice, platelet factor 4 (Pf4) Cre+/ERp5floxed (fl)/fl. Pf4Cre+/ERp5fl/fl mice developed mild macrothrombocytopenia. Platelets deficient in ERp5 showed marked dysregulation of their ER, indicated by a twofold upregulation of ER proteins, including PDI, ERp57, ERp72, ERp46, 78 kilodalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and calreticulin. ERp5-deficient platelets showed an enhanced ER stress response to ex vivo and in vivo ER stress inducers, with enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). ERp5 deficiency was associated with increased secretion of PDIs, an enhanced response to thromboxane A2 receptor activation, and increased thrombus formation in vivo. Our results support that ERp5 acts as a negative regulator of ER stress responses in platelets and highlight the importance of a disulfide isomerase in platelet ER homeostasis. The results also indicate a previously unanticipated role of platelet ER stress in platelet secretion and thrombosis. This may have important implications for the therapeutic applications of ER stress inhibitors in thrombosis.
Novel risk assessment for the intensity of conditioning regimen in older patients
Authors: Akahoshi Yu , Tada Yuma , Sakaida Emiko , Kusuda Machiko , Doki Noriko , Uchida Naoyuki , Fukuda Takahiro , Tanaka Masatsugu , Sawa Masashi , Katayama Yuta , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Onizuka Makoto , Kanda Junya , Kanda Yoshinobu , Atsuta Yoshiko , Nakasone Hideki
Published: December 2022

Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens have long-term outcomes that are generally comparable with those of myeloablative conditioning (MAC) because of a lower risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) but a higher risk of relapse. However, it is unclear how we should select the conditioning intensity in individual cases. We propose the risk assessment for the intensity of conditioning regimen in elderly patients (RICE) score. We retrospectively analyzed 6147 recipients aged 50 to 69 years using a Japanese registry database. Based on the interaction analyses, advanced age (≥60 years), hematopoietic cell transplantation–specific comorbidity index (≥2), and umbilical cord blood were used to design a scoring system to predict the difference in an individual patient's risk of NRM between MAC and RIC: the RICE score, which is the sum of the 3 factors. Zero or 1 implies low RICE score and 2 or 3, high RICE score. In multivariate analyses, RIC was significantly associated with a decreased risk of NRM in patients with a high RICE score (training cohort: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.90; P = .003; validation cohort: HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.77; P < .001). In contrast, we found no significant differences in NRM between MAC and RIC in patients with a low RICE score (training cohort: HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.15; P = .860; validation cohort: HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-1.01; P = .061). In summary, a new and simple scoring system, the RICE score, appears to be useful for personalizing the conditioning intensity and could improve transplant outcomes in older patients.
Novel Hybrid Physics-Informed Deep Neural Network for Dynamic Load Prediction of Electric Cable Shovel
Authors: Fu Tao , Zhang Tianci , Cui Yunhao , Song Xueguan
Published: December 2022

Electric cable shovel (ECS) is a complex production equipment, which is widely utilized in open-pit mines. Rational valuations of load is the foundation for the development of intelligent or unmanned ECS, since it directly influences the planning of digging trajectories and energy consumption. Load prediction of ECS mainly consists of two types of methods: physics-based modeling and data-driven methods. The former approach is based on known physical laws, usually, it is necessarily approximations of reality due to incomplete knowledge of certain processes, which introduces bias. The latter captures features/patterns from data in an end-to-end manner without dwelling on domain expertise but requires a large amount of accurately labeled data to achieve generalization, which introduces variance. In addition, some parts of load are non-observable and latent, which cannot be measured from actual system sensing, so they can’t be predicted by data-driven methods. Herein, an innovative hybrid physics-informed deep neural network (HPINN) architecture, which combines physics-based models and data-driven methods to predict dynamic load of ECS, is presented. In the proposed framework, some parts of the theoretical model are incorporated, while capturing the difficult-to-model part by training a highly expressive approximator with data. Prior physics knowledge, such as Lagrangian mechanics and the conservation of energy, is considered extra constraints, and embedded in the overall loss function to enforce model training in a feasible solution space. The satisfactory performance of the proposed framework is verified through both synthetic and actual measurement dataset.
Comparison of adhesion of thawed and cultured synovial mesenchymal stem cells to the porcine meniscus and the relevance of cell surface microspikes
Authors: Fujii Shunichi , Endo Kentaro , Ozeki Nobutake , Sakamaki Yuriko , Kohno Yuji , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: December 2022

Background

Placement of a cultured synovial mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) suspension on a repaired meniscus for 10 min accelerated meniscus repair. Upon placement of the MSC suspension on the meniscus, microspikes projecting from the MSC surface trap meniscus fibers and promote MSC adhesion. Thawed cryopreserved MSCs are preferred materials for meniscus repair, as they can be transplanted without additional culture. However, the adhesion ability of thawed cryopreserved MSCs is unknown. Here, we compared the proportion of cultured versus thawed MSCs adhering to a porcine meniscus immediately and 10 min after placement. We also investigated the relationship between adhesion and the number of microspikes on the synovial MSCs.

Methods

Synovial MSCs were prepared from the knees of four donors with osteoarthritis. The “cultured MSCs” were thawed MSCs that were re-cultured and suspended in PBS for transplantation. A similarly prepared suspension was cryopreserved, thawed again, suspended in PBS, and used without further culture as the “thawed MSCs.” MSCs with at least three microspikes in SEM images were defined as microspike-positive MSCs. Porcine meniscus surfaces were abraded, cut into a cylindrical shape, and treated with MSC suspension. Non-adherent cells were counted immediately and again 10 min after placement to calculate the adhesion proportion.

Results

The proportion of microspike-positive MSCs was significantly higher in thawed (53 ± 3%) than in cultured (28 ± 5%) MSC suspensions. MSC adhesion to the meniscus was significantly better for the thawed than for the cultured MSC suspensions immediately after placement on the meniscus, but no differences were detected after 10 min. The proportion of MSCs with microspikes in the cell suspension was significantly correlated with the proportion of adhered MSCs immediately after the placement, but not 10 min later. Addition of FBS to the cryopreservation medium promoted a concentration-dependent increase in the proportion of microspike-positive cells.

Conclusions

Thawed MSCs adhered better than cultured MSCs immediately after placement, but adhesion was similar for both MSC preparations after 10 min. Immediately after placement, the presence of microspikes was associated with better adhesion of synovial MSCs to the meniscus.
Allopatric divergence of cooperators confers cheating resistance and limits effects of a defector mutation
Authors: Schaal Kaitlin A. , Yu Yuen-Tsu Nicco , Vasse Marie , Velicer Gregory J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Social defectors may meet diverse cooperators. Genotype-by-genotype interactions may constrain the ranges of cooperators upon which particular defectors can cheat, limiting cheater spread. Upon starvation, the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus cooperatively develops into spore-bearing fruiting bodies, using a complex regulatory network and several intercellular signals. Some strains (cheaters) are unable to sporulate effectively in pure culture due to mutations that reduce signal production but can exploit and outcompete cooperators within mixed groups.

Results

In this study, interactions between a cheater disrupted at the signaling gene csgA and allopatrically diversified cooperators reveal a very small cheating range. Expectedly, the cheater failed to cheat on all natural-isolate cooperators owing to non-cheater-specific antagonisms. Surprisingly, some lab-evolved cooperators had already exited the csgA mutant’s cheating range after accumulating fewer than 20 mutations and without experiencing cheating during evolution. Cooperators might also diversify in the potential for a mutation to reduce expression of a cooperative trait or generate a cheating phenotype. A new csgA mutation constructed in several highly diverged cooperators generated diverse sporulation phenotypes, ranging from a complete defect to no defect, indicating that genetic backgrounds can limit the set of genomes in which a mutation creates a defector.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that natural populations may feature geographic mosaics of cooperators that have diversified in their susceptibility to particular cheaters, limiting defectors’ cheating ranges and preventing them from spreading. This diversification may also lead to variation in the phenotypes generated by any given cooperation-gene mutation, further decreasing the chance of a cheater emerging which threatens the persistence of cooperation in the system.
Identification of metabolism-related genes for predicting peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Tian Chenyu , Zhao Junjie , Liu Dan , Sun Jie , Ji Chengbo , Jiang Quan , Li Haojie , Wang Xuefei , Sun Yihong
Published: December 2022

Objective

The reprogramming of metabolism is an important factor in the metastatic process of cancer. In our study, we intended to investigate the predictive value of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in recurrent gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Methods

The sequencing data of mRNA of GC patients were obtained from Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) and the GEO databases (GSE53276). The differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) between a cell line without peritoneal metastasis (HSC60) and one with peritoneal metastasis (60As6) were analyzed with the Limma package. According to the LASSO regression, eight MRGs were identified as crucially related to peritoneal seeding recurrence in patients. Then, disease free survival related genes were screened using Cox regression, and a promising prognostic model was constructed based on 8 MRGs. We trained and verified it in two independent cohort.

Results

We confirmed 713 DE-MRGs and the enriched pathways. Pathway analysis found that the MRG-related pathways were related to tumor metabolism development. With the help of Kaplan–Meier analysis, we found that the group with higher risk scores had worse rates of peritoneal seeding recurrence than the group with lower scores in the cohorts.

Conclusions

This study developed an eight-gene signature correlated with metabolism that could predict peritoneal seeding recurrence for GC patients. This signature could be a promising prognostic model, providing better strategy in treatment.
Correlation between serum liver fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices among patients with compensated liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Mei Ling , Ma Ying , Zhao Lili , Chen Qingling , Zhou Li , Yang Hang , Liu Jie , Li Jia
Published: December 2022

Background and aim

Portal hypertension is a common complication of chronic liver diseases responsible for most liver cirrhosis consequences. In patients with portal hypertension, oesophagogastric variceal bleeding is a leading cause of death. Most research has focused on high-risk gastroesophageal varices and bleeding, with only a few studies on early varices. However, early intervention of gastroesophageal varices was found to better improve the prognosis and reduce mortality, but there is still no relevant research. Ultrasonic endoscopy is a combination of endoscopy and ultrasonic imaging. It can gastroscopically detect varices around the oesophagus and stomach and detect oesophageal collateral veins and perforating veins earlier, which is helpful for the early diagnosis of varices. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between serum fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices in compensated cirrhosis patients.

Methods

This study included 791 patients with compensated cirrhosis. The selected patients were categorized into three groups. The early gastroesophageal varices group included patients with gastroesophageal varices found by endoscopic ultrasonography but not by gastroscopy. The no gastroesophageal varices group underwent endoscopic ultrasonography and gastroscopy without varices. In addition, gastroesophageal varices can be detected with both techniques. Multiple logistic regression analysis explored the association of serum fibrosis markers with early gastroesophageal varices.

Results

Among the 791 compensated liver cirrhosis patients, 198 patients were without gastroesophageal varices, 279 patients had early gastroesophageal varices, 314 patients had gastroesophageal varices, and both techniques could detect varices. There was a positive correlation between serum fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices. In univariate logistic regression analysis, the patients with early gastroesophageal varices had lower platelet counts (P = 0.034) and higher aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.046), total bilirubin (P = 0.041), hyaluronic acid (P < 0.001), laminin (P < 0.001), type III procollagen (P = 0.005), type IV collagen (P = 0.002), liver stiffness measurement (P = 0.001), APRI (P = 0.019) and FIB-4 (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that laminin (OR 1.011; 95% CI 1.004-1.017, P = 0.001) was an independent risk factor for predicting early gastroesophageal varices in compensated cirrhosis patients.

Conclusion

Higher laminin was independently associated with early gastroesophageal varices in compensated cirrhosis patients.
The prognostic value of retinol binding protein in geriatric hip fractures after surgeries: A propensity score matching and 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Liu Mingchong , Yang Chensong , Xu Xian , Ji Shengchao , Pan Yutao , Han Ning , Chang Shimin , Sun Guixin
Published: December 2022

Background

We aimed to explore the predictive value of retinol binding protein (RBP) for outcomes of hip fractures.

Methods

Patients with hip fractures who underwent hip surgeries between December 2017 and February 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the bias of co-factors and ROC curves based on matched populations were created to determine the optimal cutoff point of RBP. The outcomes between patients with low levels of RBP and high levels of RBP were compared.

Results

Four hundred eighty patients were enrolled in this study and 69 patients died within one year. After a 1:1 PSM, patients with more than 1-year survival had significantly higher RBP (p = 0.013) than those who died within one year, as well as patients divided by 6-months survival (p = 0.012). Logistics analysis showed that low RBP may be an independent risk factor for 3-month survival, 6-month survival, 1-year survival, and 3-month free walking ability.

Conclusion

RBP may be associated with the survival and 3-month walking abilities of patients with hip fractures.
Decreasing use of pancreatic necrosectomy and NSQIP predictors of complications and mortality
Authors: Liepert Amy E. , Ventro George , Weaver Jessica L. , Berndtson Allison E. , Godat Laura N. , Adams Laura M. , Santorelli Jarrett , Costantini Todd W. , Doucet Jay J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Surgical pancreatic necrosectomy (SPN) is an option for the management of infected pancreatic necrosis. The literature indicates that an escalating, combined endoscopic, interventional radiology and minimally invasive surgery “step-up” approach, such as video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement, may reduce the number of required SPNs and ICU complications, such as multiple organ failure. We hypothesized that complications for surgically treated severe necrotizing pancreatitis patients decreased during the period of adoption of the “step-up” approach.

Methods

The American college of surgeons national surgery quality improvement program database (ACS-NSQIP) was used to find SPN cases from 2007 to 2019 in ACS-NSQIP submitting hospitals. Mortality and Clavien-Dindo class 4 (CD4) ICU complications were collected. Predictors of outcomes were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

There were 2457 SPN cases. SPN cases decreased from 0.09% in 2007 to 0.01% in 2019 of NSQIP operative cases (p < 0.001). Overall mortality was 8.5% and did not decrease with time. CD4 complications decreased from 40 to 27% (p < 0.001). There was a 65% reduction in SPN cases requiring a return to the operating room. Multivariate predictors of complications were emergency general surgery (EGS, p < 0.001), serum albumin (p < 0.0001) and modified frailty index (mFI) (p < 0.0001). Multivariate predictors of mortality were EGS (p < 0.0001), serum albumin (p < 0.0001), and mFI (p < 0.04). The mFI decreased after 2010 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SPNs decreased after 2010, with decreasing CD4 complications, decreasing reoperation rates and stable mortality rates, likely indicating broad adoption of a “step-up” approach. Larger, prospective studies to compare indications and outcomes for “step up” versus open SPN are warranted.
Analysis of the unplanned reoperation following surgical treatment of pulmonary tumor
Authors: Mei Long-Yong , Feng Yong-Geng , Tao Shao-Lin , Jiang Bin , Dai Fu-Qiang , Zhou Jing-Hai , Shen Cheng , Guo Wei , Tan Qun-You , Deng Bo
Published: December 2022

Background

In this study, we aimed to summarize the extremely important lesson and experience in the whole process of surgical treatments of lung tumors for the benefit of steps taken to prevent against unplanned reoperation.

Methods

Demographical and clinical information of 7732 patients were retrospectively retrieved and reviewed, who were diagnosed with pulmonary tumor and underwent surgical treatments from January 2016 to March 2021. Those patients who underwent unplanned reoperation for the treatment of severe complications were focused carefully and analyzed meticulously.

Results

A total of forty-one patients (41/7732) received 44 unplanned reoperations. Among them, eight and thirty-three patients were diagnosed with benign and malignant tumor, respectively. The incidence of unplanned reoperations seemed to be similar on both sides (Left vs. Right: 12/3231 vs. 29/4501, p = 0.103). Lobectomy plus segmentectomy is prone to reoperation (2/16, 12.5%) as compared to the other types of surgery. The complications leading to reoperation was hemothorax, including active hemorrhage (23/44, 52.3%) and clotted hemothorax (6/44, 13.6%), chylothorax (8/44, 18.2%), and the others (7/44, 15.9%) including bronchopleural fistula, torsion, or injury of right middle bronchus and pulmonary bulla rupture. The morbidity and mortality after unplanned reoperation were 17.1% (7/41) and 12.2% (5/41), respectively.

Conclusions

Bronchi or vessel stumps, the surgical edges of the lung parenchyma, and pleural adhesions should be checked to avoid postoperative bleeding. Prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct should be recommended in case of the suspected oily-like exudation in the lymph node bed. Smooth expansion of the middle lobe is important to avoid narrowing and torsion before transection of the bronchus.
Effect of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise on blood pressure in prehypertension patients (TCOBPP): a study protocol for a 12-month single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Xinye , Gao Yonghong , Wu Min , Wei Dawei , Xiong Xingjiang , Yang Yan , Jiang Yuchen , Pan Xiandu , Zhao Ran , Yang Fan , Sun Jiahao , Yang Shengjie , Tian Li , Ban Linqiang , Li Xingye , Chang Peifen , Xing Yanwei
Published: December 2022

Background

Compared with optimal blood pressure (BP), the prehypertension increases the risk of incident hypertension, cardiovascular (CV) events, and death. Moderate intensity of regular physical activity can reduce BP. However, aerobic exercise has some limitations. As a safe, low-impact, enjoyable, and inexpensive form of exercise that requires minimal equipment and space, Tai Chi is expected as a viable alternative to aerobic exercise. The study aimed to assess the effect of Tai Chi intervention program, compared with aerobic exercise, on the BP in prehypertension patients.

Methods

This study is a 12-month, two-center, single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial. Three hundred forty-two patients with prehypertension [with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the range of 120 mmHg to 139 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the range of 80 mmHg to 89 mmHg] are randomized to one of two intervention groups in a 1:1 ratio: Tai Chi or aerobic exercise. BP monitoring methods of office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) are used at the same time to detect BP in multiple dimensions. The primary outcome is the comparison of SBP change from baseline to 12 months in Tai Chi group and SBP change from baseline to 12 months in aerobic exercise group. The secondary endpoints are as following: (1) the comparison of DBP of office blood pressure change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group, (2) the comparison of BP and the variability of BP assessed through ABPM change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group, (3) the comparison of BP assessed through HBPM change from baseline to 12 months between Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group.

Discussion

This will be the first randomized controlled trial to specifically study the benefits of Tai Chi on the blood pressure control in patients with prehypertension. The successful completion of this study will help to provide evidence for whether Tai Chi is more desirable than aerobic exercise.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900024368. Registered on 7 July 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=39478&htm=4
Human-artificial intelligence approaches for secure analysis in CAPTCHA codes
Authors: Dinh Nghia , Ogiela Lidia
Published: December 2022

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) has long been used to keep automated bots from misusing web services by leveraging human-artificial intelligence (HAI) interactions to distinguish whether the user is a human or a computer program. Various CAPTCHA schemes have been proposed over the years, principally to increase usability and security against emerging bots and hackers performing malicious operations. However, automated attacks have effectively cracked all common conventional schemes, and the majority of present CAPTCHA methods are also vulnerable to human-assisted relay attacks. Invisible reCAPTCHA and some approaches have not yet been cracked. However, with the introduction of fourth-generation bots accurately mimicking human behavior, a secure CAPTCHA would be hardly designed without additional special devices. Almost all cognitive-based CAPTCHAs with sensor support have not yet been compromised by automated attacks. However, they are still compromised to human-assisted relay attacks due to having a limited number of challenges and can be only solved using trusted devices. Obviously, cognitive-based CAPTCHA schemes have an advantage over other schemes in the race against security attacks. In this study, as a strong starting point for creating future secure and usable CAPTCHA schemes, we have offered an overview analysis of HAI between computer users and computers under the security aspects of open problems, difficulties, and opportunities of current CAPTCHA schemes.