bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological outcomes of patients with haematological malignancies undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: protocol for a prospective study
Authors: Kuznetsova Valeriya , Oza Harsh , Rosenfeld Hannah , Sales Carmela , van der Linde Samantha , Roos Izanne , Roberts Stefanie , D’Aprano Fiore , Loi Samantha M , Dowling Mark , Dickinson Michael , Kalincik Tomas , Harrison Simon J , Anderson Mary Ann , Malpas Charles B
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a common side-effect of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, with symptoms ranging from mild to occasionally life-threatening. The neurological, cognitive, psychiatric and psychosocial sequelae of ICANS are diverse and not well defined, posing a challenge for diagnosis and management. The recovery trajectory of the syndrome is uncertain. Patients are rarely examined in this population pretherapy, adding a layer of complexity to specifying symptoms pertinent solely to CAR-T treatment. We present a protocol of a prospective longitudinal research study of adult patients in a single Australian haematology service undergoing CAR-T therapy. The study will describe neurocognitive features specific to ICANS, characterise the underlying syndrome, capture recovery, identify predictors of differential postinfusion outcomes and determine a set of cognitive instruments necessary to monitor patients acutely.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective longitudinal study that comprises neuropsychological and neurological examinations occurring prior to CAR-T, during the acute post-treatment period, 28 days, 6 months and 12 months post infusion. Data will be sourced from objective psychometric measures, clinical examinations, self-report questionnaires of psychopathology and accounts of subjective cognitive complaint.

Ethics and dissemination

This study aims to guide diagnosis, management and monitoring of neurocognitive features of CAR-T cell therapy. Results of this study will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences. All procedures involving human subjects/patients were approved by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Human Research Ethics Committee (21/145).
Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant icotinib versus chemotherapy for patients with stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Mu Lifeng , Liu Fulin , Fang Yulan , He Mei , Yang Ming
Published: August 2024

Objective

Icotinib has been approved for adjuvant treatment of stage II–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in China, yet the long-term costs and outcomes of this strategy are unknown. Thus, we examined the cost effectiveness of adjuvant icotinib, compared with adjuvant chemotherapy, for the treatment of resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Design

We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, comparing 2-year adjuvant icotinib with four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated using a Markov model. Model inputs were obtained from local data and literature. The influence of model parameters and assumptions was explored in sensitivity analyses. All costs are expressed in 2022 US dollars, and costs and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 5% per year. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at three times the per capita gross domestic product.

Setting

The Chinese healthcare system perspective.

Participants

A hypothetical Chinese cohort of patients with resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Interventions

Icotinib versus chemotherapy.

Primary outcome measure

Costs, QALYs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results

The incremental cost per QALY gained with the use of 2-year icotinib, from the Chinese healthcare system perspective, was $3440.66 compared with adjuvant chemotherapy. At a WTP threshold of $40 500, adjuvant icotinib was the optimal treatment in over 99% of replications. The interpretation of the results was insensitive to model and input assumptions.

Conclusions

Compared with adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant icotinib may be a cost-effective treatment for resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC as the WTP threshold is set at $40 500 per QALY.
Acceptability of the use of health related quality of life measurements for decision-making in healthcare science in Vietnam: a qualitative study
Authors: Mai Vu Quynh , Van Minh Hoang , Lindholm Lars , Sun Sun , Kim Giang Bao , Sahlén Klas-Göran
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study was conducted with the objective of exploring the usage of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes and willingness of health technology assessment (HTA) and public health stakeholders to use the EQ-5D-5L instrument in healthcare decision-making processes in Vietnam.

Method

In this qualitative study, 11 interviews were held with key stakeholders involved in healthcare decision-making for HTA between June 2021 and June 2022. The interviewees included members of the Vietnamese pharmacoeconomic council and public-health professionals from a diverse array of regions of Vietnam. The data collection involved obtaining verbal consent, warm-up discussions and interviews conducted via Zoom, with subsequent verification by interviewees. The analysis employed a theoretical thematic approach, adopting a deductive methodology to identify and analyse underlying ideas and meanings within the empirical data.

Results

This study highlights the general importance and viability of HRQOL measures, and more particularly the EQ-5D-5L instrument, in healthcare decision-making in Vietnam. Challenges have been identified, including insufficient recognition, interpretation, standardisation and educational initiatives relating to HRQOL measurements. This study advocates for official training programmes on HRQOL measurements, guidelines for the application of the EQ-5D-5L and an open HRQOL database in Vietnam. Concerns regarding validity and outcome variation in HRQOL measurements underline the necessity for continuous psychometric properties assessments and regular updates to national HRQOL data in the Vietnamese context.

Conclusion

HRQOL outcomes are important, and Vietnamese stakeholders express a readiness to employ the EQ-5D-5L in healthcare decision-making, especially HTA. Nevertheless, HRQOL measurements, including the EQ-5D-5L, are currently inadequately used in Vietnam, and further efforts are required to improve utilisation.
Non-invasive surrogate markers of pulmonary hypertension are associated with poor survival in patients with cancer
Authors: Cekay Michael , Arndt Philipp F , Franken Johanna K , Wilhelm Jochen , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Roller Fritz C , Sommer Natascha , Askevold Ingolf , Lüdecke Gerson , Langer Christine , Stein Marco , Zeppernick Felix , Tello Khodr , Sibelius Ulf , Grimminger Friedrich , Seeger Werner , Savai Rajkumar , Eul Bastian
Published: August 2024

Background

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and cardiopulmonary comorbidities may further adversely affect cancer prognosis. We recently described lung cancer-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a new form of PH and comorbidity of lung cancer. While patients with lung cancer with PH had significantly reduced overall survival compared with patients without PH, the prevalence and impact of PH in other cancers remain unclear.

Methods

In this retrospective, observational cohort study, we analysed the prevalence and impact of PH on clinical outcomes in 1184 patients with solid tumours other than lung cancer, that is, colorectal, head and neck, urological, breast or central nervous system tumours, using surrogate markers for PH determined by CT.

Results

PH prevalence in this cohort was 10.98%. A Cox proportional hazard model revealed a significant reduction in the median survival time of patients with cancer with PH (837 vs 2074 days; p<0.001). However, there was no correlation between pulmonary metastases and PH. A subgroup analysis showed that PH was linked to decreased lung and cardiac function. Additionally, PH was associated with systemic arterial hypertension (p<0.001) and coronary artery disease (p=0.014), but not emphysema.

Conclusions

In this study, fewer patients with cancer had surrogate parameters for PH compared with previously published results among patients with lung cancer. Consequently, the prevalence of PH in other cancers might be lower compared with lung cancer; however, PH still has a negative impact on prognosis. Furthermore, our data does not provide evidence that lung metastases cause PH. Thus, our results support the idea that lung cancer-associated PH represents a new category of PH. Our results also highlight the importance of further studies in the field of cardio-oncology.
Emerging role of environmental pollutants in inflammatory bowel disease risk, outcomes and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Estevinho Maria Manuela , Midya Vishal , Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Allin Kristine Højgaard , Fumery Mathurin , Pinho Salome S , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Agrawal Manasi
Published: August 2024

Epidemiological and translational data increasingly implicate environmental pollutants in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Indeed, the global incidence of IBD has been rising, particularly in developing countries, in parallel with the increased use of chemicals and synthetic materials in daily life and escalating pollution levels. Recent nationwide and ecological studies have reported associations between agricultural pesticides and IBD, particularly Crohn’s disease. Exposure to other chemical categories has also been linked with an increased risk of IBD. To synthesise available data and identify knowledge gaps, we conducted a systematic review of human studies that reported on the impact of environmental pollutants on IBD risk and outcomes. Furthermore, we summarised in vitro data and animal studies investigating mechanisms underlying these associations. The 32 included human studies corroborate that heavy and transition metals, except zinc, air pollutants, per- and polyfluorinated substances, and pesticides are associated with an increased risk of IBD, with exposure to air pollutants being associated with disease-related adverse outcomes as well. The narrative review of preclinical studies suggests several overlapping mechanisms underlying these associations, including increased intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation and dysbiosis. A consolidated understanding of the impact of environmental exposures on IBD risk and outcomes is key to the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors and to inform strategies towards prediction, prevention and mitigation of IBD.
Association between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use: findings from a community-based cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver, Canada (2014–2022)
Authors: Kielhold Kirstin , Shannon Kate , Krüsi Andrea , Valencia Esteban , Pearson Jennie , Goldenberg Shira M
Published: August 2024

Background

Women sex workers face substantial health inequities due to structural barriers including criminalisation and stigma. Stigma has been associated with HIV-related inequities among marginalised populations, however, we know less about the impacts of sex work-specific occupational stigma on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among women sex workers. Given these research gaps and the disproportionate burden of stigma faced by sex workers, we evaluated the association between sex work occupational stigma and recent inconsistent condom use with clients, over an 8-year period (2014–2022).

Methods

Baseline and semiannual questionnaire data from a prospective, community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada from September 2014 to February 2022 were used. We employed complete-case bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using generalised estimating equations to analyse the relationship between sex work occupational stigma and inconsistent condom use for vaginal/anal sex with clients in the past 6 months.

Results

Among 574 participants, the cumulative prevalence of inconsistent condom use by clients and sex work occupational stigma in the last 6 months was 32.1% (n=184) and 59.9% (n=344), respectively, over the 8-year period. In adjusted multivariable analysis, exposure to sex work occupational stigma was associated with almost twofold increased odds of recent inconsistent condom use with clients (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.03) over the 8-year period.

Conclusion

Multilevel interventions addressing the role of occupational stigma are needed for HIV and STI prevention efforts, including scale-up of sex worker-led/delivered sexual health services and structural changes to decriminalise and destigmatise sex work.
Dietary factors may be associated with measures of ultrasound-derived skeletal muscle echo intensity
Authors: Page Joe , Scott Georgia A. , Aggett James N. , Stebbings Georgina K. , Kilduff Liam P. , Murphy Caoileann H. , Waldron Mark , Heffernan Shane M.
Published: August 2024

Skeletal muscle echo intensity (EI) is affected by ageing and physical activity; however, the effects of nutrition are less understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether habitual nutrient intake may be associated with ultrasound-derived EI. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were trained on an initial sample ( n = 100, M = 45; F = 55; 38 ± 15 years) to predict EI of two quadriceps muscles from 19 variables, using the “ jack-knife” function within the “ pls” package (RStudio), which was then tested in an additional dataset ( n = 30, M = 13; F = 17; 38 ± 16 years). EI was determined using B-mode ultrasonography of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) and nutritional intake determined via 3-day weighed food diaries. Mean daily intake of specific nutrients were included as predictor variables with age, sex, and self-reported physical activity. PLSR training model 1 explained ∼52% and model 2 ∼46% of the variance in RF and VL EI, respectively. Model 1 also explained ∼35% and model 2 ∼30% of the variance in RF and VL EI in the additional testing dataset. Age and biological sex were associated with EI in both models ( P < 0.025). Dietary protein (RF: β = −7.617, VL: β = −7.480), and selenium (RF: β = −7.144, VL: β = −4.775) were associated with EI in both muscles ( P < 0.05), whereas fibre intake (RF: β = −5.215) was associated with RF EI only and omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/ω-3 FAs, RF: β = 3.145) with VL EI only ( P < 0.05). Therefore, absolute protein, selenium, fibre, and n-3 FAs may be associated with skeletal muscle EI, although further mechanistic work is required before claiming causal inference.
Realizations and star-product of doubly $$\kappa $$-deformed Yang models
Authors: Martinić-Bilać T. , Meljanac S. , Mignemi S.
Published: August 2024

The Yang algebra was proposed a long time ago as a generalization of the Snyder algebra to the case of curved background spacetime. It includes as subalgebras both the Snyder and the de Sitter algebras and can therefore be viewed as a model of noncommutative curved spacetime. A peculiarity with respect to standard models of noncommutative geometry is that it includes translation and Lorentz generators, so that the definition of a Hopf algebra and the physical interpretation of the variables conjugated to the primary ones is not trivial. In this paper we consider the realizations of the Yang algebra and its $$\kappa $$
κ
-deformed generalization on an extended phase space and in this way we are able to define a Hopf structure and a twist.
Asymptotic decay and quasinormal frequencies of scalar and Dirac fields around dilaton-de Sitter black holes
Authors: Dubinsky Alexey , Zinhailo Antonina
Published: August 2024

We study the decay of Dirac and massive scalar fields at asymptotically late times in the background of the charged asymptotically de Sitter dilatonic black holes. It is shown that the asymptotic decay is exponential and oscillatory for large and intermediate mass of the field, while for zero and small mass it is pure exponential without oscillations. This reflects the dominance of quasinormal modes of the empty de Sitter spacetime at asymptotically late times. We also show that the earlier WKB calculation of the massive scalar field spectrum does not allow one to find the fundamental mode with reasonable accuracy.
Stability analysis of the cosmological dynamics of O(D, D)-complete stringy gravity
Authors: Arapoğlu A. Savaş , Çağan Sermet , Çatal-Özer Aybike
Published: August 2024

The massless fields in the universal NS-NS sector of string theory form O(D, D) multiplets of Double Field Theory, which is a theory that provides a T-duality covariant formulation of supergravity, leading to a stringy modification of General Relativity. In this framework, it is possible to write down the extensions of the Einstein field equations and the Friedmann equations in such a way that the coupling of gravitational and matter sectors is dictated by the O(D, D) symmetry universally. In this paper, we obtain the autonomous form of the O(D, D)-complete Friedmann equations, find the critical points and perform their stability analysis. We also include the phase portraits of the system. Cosmologically interesting cases of scalar field, radiation, and matter are separately considered and compared with the Chameleon models in a similar setting. Accelerating phases and the conditions for their existence are also given for such cases.
Interaction of a black hole with scalar field in cosmology background
Authors: Almatwi Malik
Published: August 2024

Recent data from elliptical galaxies indicate that the growth in the masses of black holes exceeds what is expected from the accretion of surrounding matter, and this growth appears to be dependent on the expansion of the universe. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the accretion of dark energy, which is responsible for cosmological expansion, into these black holes. In this paper, we investigate the perturbative interaction of a black hole with a real scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
(which can represent dark energy) in a cosmological background using an appropriate metric. We derive solutions for the field $$\phi (t, r)$$

ϕ
(
t
,
r
)

, the black hole mass M(t), and the expansion rate H(t), and discuss the behaviour of the scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
in the vicinity of the black hole, with respect to exterior and interior observers.
Upgrade of the CMS muon system
Authors: Calzaferri Simone
Published: August 2024

This contribution illustrates the four different detector technologies used in the muon spectrometer of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, installed on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and their future upgrades. These have the aim to cope with the scheduled increase of instantaneous luminosity of the LHC in the so-called High-Luminosity LHC phase. CMS Collab. [J. Instrum. 3, S08004 (2008), https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004 ].
Lie nilpotent centrally essential rings
Authors: Lyubimtsev Oleg , Tuganbaev Askar
Published: August 2024

A ring R is said to be centrally essential if either R is commutative or for any non-central element [Formula: see text], there exist two non-zero central elements x and y with [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study centrally essential rings which are nilpotent as Lie rings (centrally essential rings are not necessarily nilpotent as Lie rings, since it is known that they are not necessarily PI rings). It is proved that the following rings are Lie nilpotent: right Artinian centrally essential rings with finitely generated adjoint group, semiperfect centrally essential rings with torsion group of units and nilpotent Jacobson radical, the right uniserial centrally essential rings.
Loose ear decompositions and their applications to right-angled Artin groups
Authors: Gheorghiu Max
Published: August 2024

We characterize planar graphs and graph minors among other graph theoretic notions in terms of right-angled Artin groups (RAAGs). For this, we determine all sets of elements in RAAGs with ears as underlying graphs that are exactly the sets of vertex generators. Generalizing ear decompositions of graphs to loose ear decompositions, we characterize both decompositions in terms of RAAGs. The desired results follow as applications of loose ear decompositions of RAAGs.
Survival probability of Selenium-induced fusion reactions
Authors: Anushree H. S. , Shubha S. , Sowmya N. , Manjunatha H. C. , Gupta P. S. Damodara
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigated every potential scenario for selenium-induced heavy ion fusion reactions using astatine isotopes as the target. In this context, we examined [Formula: see text]Se projectiles and [Formula: see text]At targets having longer half-lives of comprising 21 fusion reactions for the synthesis of superheavy element [Formula: see text]. We assessed fusion cross-sections ([Formula: see text]), compound nucleus formation probability ([Formula: see text]), and survival probability ([Formula: see text]) for [Formula: see text]Se projectiles on [Formula: see text]At targets. The evaporation residue cross-sections ([Formula: see text]) is found to be larger for the fusion reaction of [Formula: see text]At of about 14.1[Formula: see text]fb. Hence, these striking results are useful in the synthesis of superheavy element [Formula: see text].
Possible antimagnetic rotation in 101Ru
Authors: Chauhan Pooja , Sihotra S. , Joshi Renu , Verma Dalip Singh , Singh V. , Rana A. K. , Sharma H. P. , Palit R. , Singh R. P. , Mehta D.
Published: August 2024

The semiclassical particle-rotor model (SCM) has been used for the calculation of reduced electric quadrupole transition rates B(E2) for the [Formula: see text] negative parity band in [Formula: see text]Ru. The B(E2) values are found to exhibit a decreasing behavior with increasing spin values in the range 27/2 [Formula: see text] I [Formula: see text] 47/2 [Formula: see text]. For the higher spin states, the experimental dynamic moment of inertia [Formula: see text] is also in the range of AMR bands. The calculation of spin ([Formula: see text]) versus frequency (MeV) for the [Formula: see text] configuration with the core contribution of 2 [Formula: see text] is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results and favors the possibility of AMR phenomenon in [Formula: see text] negative parity band in [Formula: see text]Ru.
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIVITY INDEX AND ECCENTRIC DISTANCE SUM OF VICSEK FRACTAL
Authors: XIAO YUNFENG , PENG JUNHAO , GAO LONG , YUAN ZHENHUA
Published: August 2024

The Eccentric Connectivity Index (ECI) and Eccentric Distance Sum (EDS) are two important topological indices with wide applications in biology and chemistry. The Vicsek Fractal (VF) is a notable structure in both polymer physics and network science, and is also known as a regular hyperbranched polymer in the academic realm. In this study, the ECI and EDS of the VF are evaluated analytically by exploring the self-similarity of the structure. First, we derive the recurrence formulas for the ECI and EDS with respect to the generation [Formula: see text] of the VF. Then, exact results for the ECI and EDS of the VF are obtained by solving the recurrence relations. The results indicate that the ECI and EDS of the VF scale with a network size of [Formula: see text] are ECI [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The results obtained not only reveal the biological activity and physical properties of the VF but also shed light on the control of the beamwidth in the azimuth plane and the design of the maglev centrifugal blood pump.
On the consistency of circuit lower bounds for non-deterministic time
Authors: Atserias Albert , Buss Sam , Müller Moritz
Published: August 2024

We prove the first unconditional consistency result for superpolynomial circuit lower bounds with a relatively strong theory of bounded arithmetic. Namely, we show that the theory [Formula: see text] is consistent with the conjecture that [Formula: see text], i.e. some problem that is solvable in non-deterministic exponential time does not have polynomial size circuits. We suggest this is the best currently available evidence for the truth of the conjecture. The same techniques establish the same results with [Formula: see text] replaced by the class of problems decidable in non-deterministic barely superpolynomial time such as [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we establish a magnification result on the hardness of proving circuit lower bounds.
A simple continuous theory
Authors: Hanson James E.
Published: August 2024

In the context of continuous first-order logic, special attention is often given to theories that are somehow continuous in an ‘essential’ way. A common feature of such theories is that they do not interpret any infinite discrete structures. We investigate a stronger condition that is easier to establish and use it to give an example of a strictly simple continuous theory that does not interpret any infinite discrete structures: the theory of richly branching [Formula: see text]-forests with generic binary predicates. We also give an example of a superstable theory that fails to satisfy this stronger condition but nevertheless does not interpret any infinite discrete structures.
On log-weighted Adams’ inequalities defined on ℝN and applications
Authors: Aouaoui Sami , Jlel Rahma
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we establish some new functional inequalities of Adams’ type for radial Sobolev spaces of second order with logarithmic weights. The sharpness of these inequalities is also discussed. These inequalities (which can be singular) are new and complete the existing literature concerning this topic of research. Finally, we will end this work with a concrete application of these new inequalities to study some singular elliptic nonlinear equations involving new type of exponential growth condition at infinity.
Optimal Design and Performance Evaluation of Lightweight Inerter Systems (LwIS) for Seismic Response Mitigation
Authors: Xie Bocheng , Li Hongjun
Published: August 2024

An inerter system, based on electromechanical similarity theory and vibration mitigation and isolation technology, represents a category of vibration damping systems. These systems typically improve damping performance by increasing mass or inertia, a method often found to be inefficient, leading to inadequate damping and limited applicability in real-world engineering scenarios. The lightweight inerter system (LwIS) introduced herein offers a more flexible and efficient means of altering structural inertia. Initially, this paper establishes the motion control equations for LwIS, followed by a stochastic analysis to derive the analytical expression for the root mean square displacement under Gaussian white noise excitation. A parametric analysis of LwIS is subsequently conducted, developing a displacement-based parametric strategy. Design examples for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) engineering structures under various requirements are provided, demonstrating the validity of LwIS’s optimal parameters through responses to simple harmonic excitation and seismic impacts. The findings indicate that the optimization approach of LwIS, unlike traditional methods, simultaneously addresses the displacement performance of the primary structure and the deformation efficiency of the damping element, thereby facilitating comprehensive optimization. Four optimal design parameters for LwIS are identified, underscoring its applicability to stochastic excitation and a broader range of load cases, thus enhancing its practicality in engineering contexts. LwIS’s design philosophy aims to improve deformation efficiency through an increased deformation enhancement coefficient in the damping element, enhancing damping performance, controlling seismic responses, and achieving superior energy dissipation. The optimal parameters, smaller in value, maximize the potential of the inerter system, aligning with the dual objectives of performance optimization and lightweight design, consequently reducing engineering costs.
Vibration and Stability Analyses of Submarine Fluid-Conveying Pipelines with Local Stiffness Variation Under External Flow Fields
Authors: Xie Zi-Qiu , Wang Yan , Xie Min
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the vibration and stability characteristics of a submarine fluid-conveying pipeline with local variation in stiffness under the influence of external flow fields. Utilizing the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), the dynamic equation for the submarine pipeline with local stiffness variation under arbitrary boundary conditions is derived. Through numerical solutions, curves depicting complex frequency variations as a function of the internal flow velocity of the pipeline system are obtained. Additionally, the effects of external flow velocity, geometrical parameters, and local stiffness variation on the vibration and stability characteristics of the submarine pipeline under three different boundary conditions are investigated. Results indicate that the stability of the pipeline system decreases across the three boundary conditions under the influence of the external flow field. Increased external flow velocities lead to further reductions in system stability. Furthermore, as the length-to-diameter ratio increases and the thickness-to-diameter ratio decreases, the first three orders of frequencies of the pipeline gradually diminish. Enhancing local stiffness contributes to improving the stability of the system, whereas reducing local stiffness has the opposite effect.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Vibration Serviceability of Composite HCS Floors with RC Topping
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Li Jiang , Tang Weizhao , Liu Jiepeng , Frank Chen Y. , Yang Wenjie
Published: August 2024

Composite hollow–core slab floor with reinforced concrete topping (i.e. CHFT) is relatively new, which can be applied to various long-span structures. However, these systems are typically lightweight and exhibit low damping, posing potential serviceability concerns related to human vibrations. This paper presents a comprehensive vibration test on a 9[Formula: see text]m-long CHFT system. Natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of the floor system were obtained through modal tests. The peak acceleration, root–mean–square acceleration, maximum transient vibration value, and perception factor of the floor under heel-drop excitation were obtained through the perceived vibration test and were checked against the available design codes and standards. Sensitivity studies using the finite element method were made to investigate the vibration performance of the CHFT system. Analytical formulas for the fundamental frequency and peak acceleration were derived, which are therefore suggested for practical use. Additionally, an approach for evaluating the vibration serviceability of CHFTs is described.
A New Method to Deduce the Mapping Relationship between A Track and A Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Different Excitations
Authors: Wu Yuexing , Zhou Jianting , Zhang Jinquan , Wang Lang , Chen Zhaowei , Wang Xinzhong
Published: August 2024

Urban rail transit is rapidly evolving, with long-span cable-stayed bridges becoming increasingly popular among engineers because of their adaptability. However, as the operation time of bridges with tracks increases, the combined effects of repeated wheel loads and various bridge system excitations, including temperature changes and shrinkage–creep, gradually alter the alignment of the main beam. Similarly, the track structure on the bridge deck also undergoes vertical displacement, leading to corresponding degradation in rail alignment. This study applies singular function theory and verifies its effectiveness in bridge mechanical analysis. For the steel spring floating plate track cable-stayed bridge system, the mapping relationship between the deformation of the bridge’s main beam and the track’s deformation under bridge system excitation is derived, integrating singular function theory with the theory of train–track–bridge dynamic interaction. By analyzing the force transfer mechanism of the track–bridge system under system excitation, this research examines the effects of different excitations on the coupled dynamic response of the train–track–bridge. These findings suggest that system excitations increase the dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system, which is crucial for improving the durability and reliability of urban rail transit infrastructure.
Multifractal Analysis in Age-Based Classification for COVID-19 Patients’ CT-Scan Images with Different Noise Levels
Authors: Valarmathi R. , Thangaraj C. , Easwaramoorthy D. , Selmi Bilel , Jebali Hajer , Ananth Christo
Published: August 2024

Recently, many number of people various countries contracted the COVID-19 (C-19) disease. The identification of this harmful disease and other pneumonia diseases is an important process in the medical world. CT-Scan is mainly prescribed to predict the severity of lung diseases affected by C-19 and other pneumonia diseases. Generally, a CT-Scan image is represented as a grayscale image (GI). Biomedical-oriented GIs are more complex and they are too difficult to recognize the status of lung diseases directly from the experimental images. To address this type of medical problem, a multifractal approach can be applied to analyze and illustrate the GIs in detail. Therefore, the multifractal dimensional analysis is used to diagnose and explore the vehemence of the contamination levels in the lungs. In this study, the complexity of CT-Scan images of C-19 patients is analyzed in order to perform a comparison in terms of age and noise levels. It was also discovered that the intricate of CT-Scan images is considerably varied for patients aged 50 and above when compared to younger subjects. This comparative study indicates that the deadly virus affects elderly persons compared to youngsters. The proposed age-based classification is supported by image processing techniques, qualitative measures, and statistical tools. The obtained results are demonstrated graphically by Generalized Fractal Dimensions (GFD) spectrum, 3D visualization, ANOVA table, and box plots to expose the rate of discrimination of complexity in CT-Scan lung images.
(m,n)-Closed submodules of modules over commutative rings
Authors: Celikel Ece Yetkin , Khashan Hani A.
Published: August 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be positive integers. We define a proper submodule [Formula: see text] of an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] to be [Formula: see text]-closed if for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] implies [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. This class of submodules lies properly between the classes of prime and primary submodules. Many characterizations, properties and supporting examples concerning this class of submodules are provided. The notion of [Formula: see text] -modules is introduced and characterized. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text]-closed avoidance theorem is proved. Finally, the [Formula: see text]-closed submodules in amalgamated modules are studied.
Dynamical stability analysis of some f(R,T) gravity models
Authors: Saleem Rabia , Israr Aslam M. , Khan Naeema , Shahid Iqra
Published: August 2024

This paper explores cosmic evolution in [Formula: see text] gravity considering two distinct models with minimal coupling that are linear and quadratic in [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The flat FRW space-time under the matter and radiation distribution has been considered to complete the analysis. In this background, the dynamical equations for dust in terms of dimensionless variables are developed. Via solutions of these dynamical equations, we develop significant cosmological parameters to compare the obtained results with the [Formula: see text]CDM model and analyze them graphically. It is found that these parameters efficiently explain the expanding phenomenon of the universe for constrained values of the involved model parameters using some recent observational data. Moreover, the results are found to be stable via the square speed of sound. The matter and radiation fixed points are calculated by an autonomous set of dynamical equations, which are the stable and unstable saddle points. Also, the growth of matter perturbation in the [Formula: see text] theory has been discussed. Under this scenario, it is also checked that exact solutions of the dynamical equations are not possible for non-minimal coupling between geometry and matter.
Minkowski geometry of special conformable curves
Authors: Karaca Emel , Altınkaya Anıl
Published: August 2024

This paper employs the fractional derivative to investigate the effect of curves in Lorentz–Minkowski space, which is of crucial significance in geometry and physics. In the method of examining this effect, the conformable fractional derivative is chosen because it best fits the algebraic structure of differential geometry. Therefore, with the aid of conformable fractional derivatives, numerous special curves and the Frenet frame that were previously derived using classical derivatives have been reinterpreted in Lorentz–Minkowski three-space.
Non-commutative geometries and wormhole solutions in f(G) gravity
Authors: Ilyas M. , Khan Sobia , Athar A. R. , Khan Fawad , Iqbal Rohna , Alrebdi Haifa I.
Published: August 2024

The paper investigates the static, non-commutative solutions of wormholes (WHs) that exhibit spherical symmetry. The study is conducted in the setting of modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity. Our investigation employs two methods: to construct a shape function using a viable [Formula: see text] gravity model and to infer the [Formula: see text] model through a specific shape function. We then carefully analyze the energy constraints for both methods. Our findings reveal the following results. For each value of [Formula: see text], the first technique provides a physically viable solution of WH related to the ordinary matter. The second approach has a feasible solution only when the values of [Formula: see text] are high. This study analyzes the complex procedure of the development of cosmic structures to demonstrate a connection between hypothetical and observed data.
Accretion disk around regular black holes
Authors: Akbarieh Amin Rezaei , Khoshragbaf Minou , Atazadeh Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Regular black holes are crucially important as approaches to solving the singularity problem, and in this paper, the accretion disk of Bardeen and Hayward models has been studied. For this purpose, we calculated the physical properties of black holes, including radiant energy, luminosity derivative, temperature, and conversion efficiency of accretion mass into radiation. The obtained results show that the nonzero-free parameters of regular black holes cause the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit of the disk to shift to smaller values. As a result of this displacement, we saw an increase in the profiles of radiant energy, luminosity derivative, and temperature. We also find that Bardeen and Hayward’s black holes are more efficient in converting mass to radiation than Schwarzschild. Finally, we compared the free parameter of these two black holes with the spin of the rotating black hole and found that the Bardeen and Hayward black holes can mimic the slowly rotating Kerr black hole.
Performance-Based Design Method of Hinged Wall with Buckling-Restrained Braces at Base Using the Elastic Displacement Spectrum
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wu Jing
Published: August 2024

A performance-based seismic design method using the elastic displacement design spectrum based on equal displacement approximation is proposed for the Hinged Wall with BRBs at Base (HWBB) structural system. HWBB is simplified as an Equivalent Single Degree of Freedom (ESDOF) system. Design flowcharts are given. The proposed design approach aims to limit the lateral displacements to an allowable target displacement. Design examples are presented and target displacements are compared with numerical results. The results indicate that the plastic response of the HWBB structural system is accurately predicted by the elastic displacement spectrum, which verified that the performance-based design method of HWBB is accurate.
Multiple Proton Translocation Paths Reveal a Novel Function of Ferritin as a Source of Protons for Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Vaigundan D. , Nandha Shivani R. , Palaniappan Chandrasekaran , Checker Rahul
Published: August 2024

Ferritin stores iron as Fe[Formula: see text] after being oxidized in the presence of molecular oxygen. The Fe[Formula: see text] ions typically enter into the ferroxidase as hexahydrate, where the oxidation of Fe[Formula: see text]to Fe[Formula: see text] occurs. The studies predict probable residues involved in the entry of molecular oxygen by sequence and structural comparison with other proteins. This study identified the probable [Formula: see text]-H paths for electron transfer and proton translocation in ferritin through structural analysis. The identification of multiple proton translocation paths and the use of hexahydrate iron as substrate by ferritin indicate that during the oxidation of Fe[Formula: see text] to Fe[Formula: see text], all the water molecules of iron may be utilized. The resulting byproducts, protons and hydroxyl ions may be one of the sources for the proton gradient required to drive oxidative phosphorylation by electron transport complexes in mitochondria. Also, it may be required to acidify lysosomes and generate nitroperoxy species.
Some Complex Picture Fuzzy Aggregation Operators Based on Frank t-norm and t-conorm: An Application to Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) Process
Authors: Mehmood Faisal , Liu Heng
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to extend the idea of complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) with a new notion referred to as a complex picture fuzzy set (CPFS). CPFS is a generalized version of CIFS since it includes a neutral membership degree in the concept. The capacity to cover a wider range of information with the aid of neutral membership, non-membership, and membership makes this new theory distinctive. The unit disc of complex plane has been used to cover the range of values of membership degrees. Pertaining to Frank t-norm and t-conorm operations and a few aggregation methods, we establish some fundamental CPFS aggregation operators and attributes and use them to investigate multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems. Then, we offer various operators for the purpose of aggregating the CPF data. These are complex picture fuzzy Frank weighted averaging (CPFFWA), complex picture fuzzy Frank ordered weighted averaging (CPFFOWA), complex picture fuzzy Frank hybrid averaging (CPFFHA), and complex picture fuzzy Frank weighted geometric averaging (CPFFWGA), complex picture fuzzy Frank ordered weighted geometric averaging (CPFFOWG), and complex picture fuzzy frank hybrid geometric averaging (CPFFHGA) operators, which benefit from the basic Frank operations and averaging, geometric aggregation techniques. Furthermore, an algorithm for solving multi-attribute decision-making MADM problems has been presented under the framework of CPFSs by using CPFFWA and CPFFWG operators. Finally, in order to depict the potential applicability of our proposed technique, a numerical problem aiming at finding the best alternative has been solved and outcomes have been well compared with some existing techniques.
Competence Awareness for Humans and Machines: A Survey and Future Research Directions from Psychology
Authors: Kasmarik Kathryn , Khani Mahtab , Abpeikar Shadi , Barlow Michael , Carter Olivia , Irish Muireann
Published: August 2024

Machine learning researchers are beginning to understand the need for machines to be able to self-assess their competence and express it in a human understandable form. However, current machine learning algorithms do not yet have the range or complexity of competence awareness measures present in humans. This review first describes progress towards competence awareness in machines, and then examines the psychology literature on competence awareness and competence motivation to identify the limitations of current competence awareness algorithms. The article concludes with a discussion of the necessary and promising future research directions for creating competence-aware machines.
Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
Authors: Waller Megan E. , Eichhorn Caroline J. , Gutierrez Alyssa , Baatz John E. , Wagner Carol L. , Chetta Katherine E. , Engevik Melinda A.
Published: August 2024

In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota.
Evaluation of Foramen Magnum for Sex Determination among the Population of Dakshina Kannada District: A Retrospective CBCT Study
Authors: Ahmed Junaid , Namrata  , Sujir Nanditha , Shenoy Nandita , M. Archana , Natarajan Srikant
Published: August 2024

Background. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy rate of foramen magnum dimensions in determining sex among the South Indian population using discriminant functional analysis. Methods. An observational study in which CBCT images from 200 full field of view (FOV) scans were analysed. The dimensions of the foramen magnum were measured. Intra‐ and interobserver reliability were calculated. Independent t‐tests were used to compare the various parameters between sexes. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to determine sex. Results. A total of 200 CBCT scans were included in the study. The mean age (±SD) was 25.66 (±7.11) years among males and 24.64 (±5.12) years among females. The measurements and the circumference of the foramen magnum were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in males than in females. The univariate analysis of foramen magnum measurements reached an accuracy rate of 73.5% in sex determination. The discriminant function analysis combining the foramen magnum measurements and circumference yielded an overall predictability rate of 66.5% for determining sex. Conclusion. Taking into account the predictability rate of sex based on foramen measurement in the present population, it can be concluded that its applicability should be limited to cases associated with fragmentary skull bases.
Supplementary Table S4 from Coordinated Targeting of S6K1/2 and AXL Disrupts Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastoma
Authors: Behrmann Catherine A. , Ennis Kelli N. , Sarma Pranjal , Wetzel Collin , Clark Nicholas A. , Von Handorf Kate M. , Vallabhapurapu Subrahmanya , Andreani Cristina , Reigle James , Scaglioni Pier Paolo , Meller Jarek , Czyzyk-Krzeska Maria F. , Kendler Ady , Qi Xiaoyang , Sarkaria Jann N. , Medvedovic Mario , Sengupta Soma , Dasgupta Biplab , Plas David R.
Published: August 2024

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