bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balance energético en ratones lipodistróficos con deleción del gen Agpat2 y su respuesta a la infusión de leptina
Authors:   , Mejía Rivera Luisa Fernanda
Published: May 2024

La lipodistrofia congénita generalizada (LCG) está definida por reducción grave de tejido adiposo y complicaciones metabólicas como hiperfagia, hipoleptinemia, y resistencia insulínica. En este estudio utilizamos ratones Agpat2-/- , modelos de LCG. Como hipótesis se propone que la hiperfagia en ratones Agpat2-/- vs ratones normales (WT) se asocia a mayor gasto energético (GE) y mantención del peso corporal por oxidación aumentada de ácidos grasos (AG), representada con valores de cuociente respiratorio (RER). La infusión con leptina normaliza estas variables y revierte la oxidación aumentada de AG. Se analizaron dos estudios previos, el primer estudio utilizó ratones Agpat2-/- (infundidos con leptina) y ratones WT. En el segundo estudio se investigaron ratones Agpat2-/- (infundidos con leptina). Los ratones Agpat2-/- tuvieron un consumo de agua y alimento mayor (15 y 48%) que los ratones WT. El consumo de O2, producción de CO2 y GE también fue mayor en 1,43, 0,34 y 1,32% (P³0,05, N=4). En cuanto al RER de ratones Agpat2-/- , presentó valores promedio de ∽0,93, mientras que los ratones WT presentaron valores de RER de ∽0,97 (sin significancia estadística). La infusión con leptina permite que el consumo de alimento y agua se normalice al mismo nivel que en ratones WT. En el segundo estudio la infusión de leptina resultó en una reducción de 5,35% y de 8,81% en la ingesta de alimento y agua a 72 horas de iniciada la infusión. El GE en la cuarta semana de infusión presentó disminución de 8,14 y 4,81% en luz y oscuridad, en comparación con los valores pre infusión. Conclusiones: Los ratones Agpat2-/- presentan hiperfagia asociada a gasto energético elevado en comparación con ratones WT, las oscilaciones diarias de RER fueron menores en ratones Agpat2-/- , sugiriendo inflexibilidad metabólica. La infusión con leptina revirtió el GE aumentado y la hiperfagia en ratones Agpat2-/-.
Gestão escolar em perspectiva: contribuições e reflexões a partir de relatos de professores iniciantes à vida docente em meio à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Pâmela Gleicy Pererira da
Published: May 2024

Diante do cenário pandêmico em 2020 causado pela COVID-19 as aulas e atividades educativas presenciais foram temporariamente suspensas, sendo reassumidas por meio do ensino remoto. Ainda que temporária essa nova realidade de adequação das atividades pedagógicas do ambiente escolar físico, secular, ao espaço virtual contemporâneo, apresentou-se como um grande desafio a todos profissionais da educação. Pelo exposto, este artigo teve como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da gestão escolar no contexto atual, sob a perspectiva dos professores que vivenciaram o cotidiano pedagógico do ensino remoto enquanto iniciantes à vida docente. Para tanto propomos uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual o percurso metodológico se desenvolveu pelo viés das narrativas de dois professores, pedagogos atuantes na rede pública municipal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para contribuir com o escopo da pesquisa, pensamos o trabalho da gestão escolar a luz da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação n. 9.394/96 em diálogo com estudos LIBÂNEO (2007; 20012); LÜCK (2009) e PARO (2010a; 2010b). E se apoiou nos estudos de (ALARCÃO e ROLDÃO, 2014); (CRUZ, 2018; 2020); (CRUZ, FARIAS e HOBOLD, 2020) e (FERNANDES e CRUZ, 2021), Como resultado da pesquisa, apresentamos um conjunto de observações e reflexões sobre os aspectos contingentes ao processo de inserção dos entrevistados em seus ambientes de trabalho apontando os aspectos relacionais entre as suas vivências, o trabalho desenvolvido pela gestão escolar, da socialização e acolhimento entre seus pares.
Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Assessment of Heterocyclic Schiff Base Metal Complexes
Authors: Prashanthi Y. , Kiranmai K. , Rao Tentu Nageswara , Shivaraj .
Published: May 2024

MIIMC, MMIIMC, and CMIIMC are biologically significant Schiff bases formed by the condensation of 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole with formyl chromone. Substituted formyl chromones and metal chelates containing Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) are prepared. These were studied utilising elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-VIS, 1H, 13C, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility, conductance tests, and thermogravimetric techniques. The data revealed that the ligands display neutral, bidentate coordination through carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The antibacterial activity of the ligands and metal complexes is determined in vitro against bacteria and fungus using the paper disc method. Metal chelates have significantly higher MIC values against bacteria than ligands. The DNA binding properties of Cu(II) complexes were examined. MTT is used to determine the complexes' anticancer efficacy against HL60 tumour cells. The researchers discovered that the complexes prevented apparent morphological alterations. The inhibition ratio was hastened by increasing the dosage, and it had a strong positive association with the medicine dosage.
Thermal analysis of complexes showed initial mass loss due to moisture and hydrated water molecules, followed by weight loss at 220oC due to coordinated water molecules, indicating metal oxide breakdown.
Assessment of Production and Risks of Consumption of Artisanal Refreshing Drinks (Bissap, Gnamankoudji) in Haut Sassandra (Daloa-Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Christelle Kouame Aya Bah Marie-Ange , Clement Kouassi Kouassi , Athanase Kouassi Kra , Ibrahim Konate
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The production and consumption of artisanal refreshing drinks (Bissap, Gnamankoudji) in the Haut Sassandra region are anchored in local culture. These artisanal drinks are experiencing considerable growth despite their artisanal and unstable production.
Objective: The objective of this study is to diagnose the production of these artisanal drinks and to assess the potential risks associated with their consumption in the Haut Sassandra region.
Methodology: A cross-sectional and retrospective survey was carried out with producers to make the diagnosis and with consumers to identify some main conditions linked to the consumption of these drinks. 52 producers were investigated, and 780 consumers were submitted to a questionnaire, for a total of 832 people audited.
Results: Bissap and Gnamankoudji have many similar unit operations. In addition, Bissap undergoes heat treatment. The drinks are mostly packaged in used pots. The main conditions encountered were diarrhea (8.3% and 8.7%), belly bloating (2.4% and 2.8%), fever (1.80% and 2.30%), nausea (1.80% and 1.90%), vomiting (0.90% and 1%) respectively after consumption of Gnamankoudji and Bissap.
Conclusion: The study collected data on the production of artisanal drinks and the risks incurred by consumers. The consumption of these drinks represents a major risk for public health.
METODE STORYTELLING UNTUK MENGENALKAN EMOSI PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN
Authors: Kristsuana Lisa Narwastu , Afriline Grecia Violetta , Gea Febi Santa Permata , Krishi Nada Sherafim Latreia
Published: May 2024

Metode storytelling merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan oleh guru dalam pengenalan emosi pada anak usia dini. Storytelling juga merupakan metode yang menarik untuk dilakukan karena metode ini melibatkan seorang guru dalam ber­cerita dengan menggunakan ekspresi baik wajah maupun suara, intonasi bercerita, dan alat yang digunakan ketika bercerita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah metode storytelling dapat memperkenalkan emosi kepada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jenis pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian atau pengumpulan data di ambil di salah satu PAUD Surabaya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 orang anak, yang berada di kelas Pre - K2 yang berusia 4-5 tahun, dengan melibatkan guru di sekolah tersebut sebagai informan. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan observasi, atau pengamatan, wa­wan­cara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode storytelling efektif digunakan untuk mengenalkan emosi pada anak usia dini. Melalui storytelling, anak belajar mengenali emosi yang dirasakan oleh tokoh dalam cerita, mampu menyebutkan nama emosi, lebih mudah mengingat emosi yang telah diperkenalkan sebelumnya, dan dapat mengaitkan emosi tersebut dengan dirinya sendiri.
Stimmverbote im faktischen AG‑Konzern bei Sonderprüfung und Geltendmachung von Ersatzansprüchen — Zugleich Besprechung des Urteils des BGH v. 28.11.2023 – II ZR 214/21, AG 2024, 201, und Erwiderung auf Mock, AG 2024, 193
Authors: Kiefner Alexander , Krumm Karsten , Eichhorn Philip
Published: May 2024

Insbesondere in Konstellationen mit einem beherrschenden Großaktionär (faktischer AG‑Konzern) kommt bei Beschlussfassungen der Hauptversammlung über eine Sonderprüfung oder über die Geltendmachung von Ersatzansprüchen nebst Bestellung eines besonderen Vertreters der Abgrenzung beider Institute und der Reichweite von Stimmverboten eine entscheidende und höchst praxisrelevante Bedeutung zu. Zu beiden Aspekten hat der BGH im Sinne einer weiteren Stärkung des besonderen Vertreters vor kurzem Stellung bezogen und hierfür jüngst auch ersten Zuspruch von Mock erhalten. Dies ist Anlass genug, das Verhältnis von Sonderprüfung und Geltendmachung von Ersatzansprüchen im Konzern kritisch zu vermessen und die Frage aufzuwerfen, ob die Grenzen der Rechtsfortbildung und Analogiebildung nicht überdehnt werden.
Normalizing cDNA Libraries
Authors: Bogdanova Ekaterina A. , Shagina Irina , Barsova Ekaterina V. , Kelmanson Ilya , Shagin Dmitry A. , Lukyanov Sergey A.
Published: April 2010

The characterization of rare messages in cDNA libraries is complicated by the substantial variations that exist in the abundance levels of different transcripts in cells and tissues. The equalization (normalization) of cDNA is a helpful approach for decreasing the prevalence of abundant transcripts, thereby facilitating the assessment of rare transcripts. This unit provides a method for duplex‐specific nuclease (DSN)–based normalization, which allows for the fast and reliable equalization of cDNA, thereby facilitating the generation of normalized, full‐length‐enriched cDNA libraries, and enabling efficient RNA analyses. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 90:5.12.1‐5.12.27. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extraction of Proteins from Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue Using the Qproteome Extraction Technique and Preparation of Tryptic Peptides for Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Geoui Thibault , Urlaub Henning , Plessmann Uwe , Porschewski Peter
Published: April 2010

This unit provides a robust, reliable, and easy‐to‐use kit‐based method for extraction of intact, non‐degraded proteins from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue, and their subsequent use for analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). After deparaffinization, proteins are extracted from unstained sections of FFPE rat liver tissue. After a simple cleanup step using organic extraction, the sample is transferred into a buffer optimized for trypsin digestion of the extracted proteins. Subsequently, LC/MS is used to identify the proteins that gave rise to the tryptic peptides. Comparing formalin‐fixed and frozen tissues, good correlation is observed in the mass spectrometric pattern attributable to the tryptic peptides and number of identified proteins. Since FFPE tissues are generally available in clinical practice, this method can be used to analyze biomarkers in different pathological situations (e.g., healthy vs. diseased). The method can also be used for protein extraction from fresh‐frozen tissue. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 90:10.27.1‐10.27.12. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Critical Aspects in Analysis of Cellular DNA Content
Authors: Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew
Published: April 2010

This unit covers general aspects of DNA content analysis and provides introductory or complementary information to the specific protocols of DNA content assessment in this chapter. It describes principles of DNA content analysis and outlines difficulties and pitfalls common to these methods. It also reviews methods of DNA staining in live, permeabilized, and fixed cells, and in cell nuclei isolated from paraffin‐embedded tissues, as well as the approaches to stain DNA concurrently with cell immunophenotype. This unit addresses factors affecting accuracy of DNA measurement, such as chromatin features restricting accessibility of fluorochromes to DNA, stoichiometry of interaction with DNA, and “mass action law” characterizing binding to DNA in relation to unbound fluorochrome concentration. It also describes controls to ensure accuracy and quality control of DNA content determination and principles of DNA ploidy assessment. Because many aspects of DNA content analysis are common to protocols in UNITS 7.3, 7.6, 7.16, 7.20, 7.23, & 7.25, certain parts of this unit provide information redundant with commentaries in these units. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 52:7.2.1‐7.2.8. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Liquid phase diffusion of branched alkanes in silicalite
Authors: Lettat Kader , Jolimaitre Elsa , Tayakout Mélaz , Tondeur Daniel
Published: April 2010

This work provides a new mass transfer model based on the Maxwell–Stefan theory, especially adapted to represent adsorbed phase multicomponent diffusion at high‐adsorbent loading. In our model—contrarily to the well‐known model developed by Krishna et al. (Chem Eng Sci. 1990;45:7:1779–1791; Gas Sep Purif. 1993;7:91–104; J Phys Chem B. 2005;109:6386–6396)—the hypothesis that the micropores are saturated does not imply a dependency between the adsorbed phase diffusion coefficients. Experimental liquid phase breakthrough curves of 2‐methylpentane (2MP), 3‐methylpentane (3MP), 2,3‐dimethylbutane (23DMB), and 2,2‐dimethylbutane (22DMB) were measured at 458 K in silicalite. The self‐diffusion coefficients and Langmuir parameters of the different species were determined using binary exchange breakthrough curves. The Maxwell–Stefan diffusion coefficients obtained for the different isomers are in the order D3MP,nc+1 > D2MP,nc+1 ≫ D23DMB,nc+1, and vary between 4 × 10−15 m2 s−1 for 3MP to 6 × 10−16 m2 s−1 for 23DMB. The 22DMB diffusion coefficient is so low that it could not be estimated (the quantity of 22DMB entering silicalite during the experiment is not significant). The model was then validated by comparing experimental breakthrough curves at different feed concentrations and simulations using the independently estimated parameters. Even though the diffusion coefficients of the different isomers vary by one order of magnitude, the agreement between simulated and experimental curves is very satisfactory, showing the good predictive power of our model. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
First principle‐based simulation of ethane steam cracking
Authors: Sabbe Maarten K. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B.
Published: April 2010

A consistent set of ab initio‐based kinetic and thermodynamic data is applied for the simulation of an ethane steam cracking furnace. The thermodynamic data are calculated using accurate quantum chemical CBS‐QB3 calculations including corrections for hindered internal rotation. The kinetics are obtained from CBS‐QB3‐based group additive models. With these thermodynamic and kinetic data, simulations for pilot and industrial ethane steam cracking reactors over a wide range of process conditions are performed. It is shown that, without adjusting any parameter, the main product yields can be predicted within 15% rel. of the experimentally observed cracking yields. This indicates the tremendous potential of integrating ab initio methods with engineering models for accurate reactor simulations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Challenges in clinical interpretation of microduplications detected by array CGH analysis
Authors: Stankiewicz Pawel , Pursley Amber N. , Cheung Sau Wai
Published: April 2010

Due to the lack of robust diagnostic methods and limited resolution of conventional microscopy, submicroscopic genomic duplication copy number variants (CNVs) have been long underascertained. The development of array CGH has enabled detection of microduplications with nearly the same sensitivity as microdeletions and thus allowing them to be routinely identified throughout the human genome. However, in contrast to microdeletions, clinical interpretation of microduplications more often presents a diagnostic dilemma, as the functional impact of these genomic alterations is not well understood. Microduplications are especially difficult to interpret when they encompass several genes or a portion of a gene. Determining their significance involves investigative teamwork between both the diagnostic laboratory and the clinician. We present the steps for interpreting the clinical significance of microduplications and representative examples of these challenging cases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In their own words: Reports of stigma and genetic discrimination by people at risk for Huntington disease in the International RESPOND‐HD study
Authors: Williams Janet K. , Erwin Cheryl , Juhl Andrew R. , Mengeling Michelle , Bombard Yvonne , Hayden Michael R. , Quaid Kimberly , Shoulson Ira , Taylor Sandra , Paulsen Jane S. ,   the I‐RESPOND‐HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: April 2010

Genetic discrimination may be experienced in the day‐to‐day lives of people at risk for Huntington disease (HD), encompassing occurrences in the workplace, when seeking insurance, within social relationships, and during other daily encounters. At‐risk individuals who have tested either positive or negative for the genetic expansion that causes HD, as well as at‐risk persons with a 50% chance for developing the disorder but have not had DNA testing completed the International RESPOND‐HD (I‐RESPOND‐HD) survey. One of the study's purposes was to examine perceptions of genetic stigmatization and discrimination. A total of 412 out of 433 participants provided narrative comments, and 191 provided related codable narrative data. The core theme, Information Control, refers to organizational policies and interpersonal actions. This theme was found in narrative comments describing genetic discrimination perceptions across employment, insurance, social, and other situations. These reports were elaborated with five themes: What They Encountered, What They Felt, What Others Did, What They Did, and What Happened. Although many perceptions were coded as hurtful, this was not true in all instances. Findings document that reports of genetic discrimination are highly individual, and both policy as well as interpersonal factors contribute to the outcome of potentially discriminating events. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LINGO1 is not associated with Parkinson's disease in German patients
Authors: Klebe Stephan , Thier Sandra , Lorenz Delia , Nothnagel Michael , Schreiber Stefan , Klein Christine , Hagenah Johann , Kasten Meike , Berg Daniela , Srulijes Karin , Gasser Thomas , Deuschl Günther , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor
Published: April 2010

Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common movement disorders and show clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological overlap. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain‐containing, Nogo receptor‐interacting protein gene (LINGO1) are associated with ET. LINGO1 is overexpressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD patients and inhibition of LINGO1 confers neuroprotection in a rodent model of PD. In this study we test the hypothesis whether SNPs in the LINGO1 gene that are associated with ET are also associated with PD. Three large German case–control samples from Kiel, Lübeck, and Tübingen (total: 1,798 cases and 1,482 controls) were genotyped for the three LINGO1 SNPs associated with ET. Association was assessed using allele‐ and genotype‐based tests in each of the three samples separately, in the combined sample, and in subsets of patients with early‐onset PD (<50 years) and of patients with a positive family history of PD. Neither of the three samples alone nor the combined sample showed evidence for association between LINGO1 SNPs and PD. The allele‐based test showed a trend toward nominal association for all three SNPs in the Kiel sample. The subsets with early‐onset PD or a positive family history did also not reveal evidence for association. SNPs in the LINGO1 gene associated with ET could not be shown to be associated with PD in our study population, despite a postulated overlap between both diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the Micro‐RNA‐133 and PITX3 genes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: de Mena Lorena , Coto Eliecer , Cardo Lucía F. , Díaz Marta , Blázquez Marta , Ribacoba René , Salvador Carlos , Pastor Pau , Samaranch LLuis , Moris Germán , Menéndez Manuel , Corao Ana I. , Alvarez Victoria
Published: April 2010

MicroRNAs are small RNA sequences that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs. MiR‐133b has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) by a mechanism that involves the regulation of the transcription factor PITX3. The variation in these genes could contribute to the risk of developing PD. We searched for DNA variants in miR‐133 and PITX3 genes in PD patients and healthy controls from Spain. We found common DNA variants in the three miR‐133 genes. Genotyping of a first set of patients (n = 777) and controls (n = 650) showed a higher frequency of homozygous for a miR‐133b variant (−90 del A) in PD‐patients (6/575; 1%) than in healthy controls (0/650) (P = 0.03). However, this association was not confirmed in a second set of patients (1/250; 0.4%) and controls (2/210; 1%). No common PITX3 variants were associated with PD, although a rare missense change (G32S) was found in only one patient and none of the controls. In conclusion, we report the variation in genes of a pathway that has been involved in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and survival. Our work suggests that miR‐133 and PITX3 gene variants did not contribute to the risk for PD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PCM1 and schizophrenia: A replication study in the Northern Swedish population
Authors: Moens Lotte N. , Ceulemans Shana , Alaerts Maaike , Van Den Bossche Maarten J.A. , Lenaerts An‐Sofie , De Zutter Sonia , Norrback Karl‐Fredrik , Adolfsson Rolf , Del‐Favero Jurgen
Published: April 2010

Previous studies implicated centrosomal dysfunction as a source of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). Two recent reports [Gurling et al., 2006; Datta et al., 2008. Mol Psychiatry] described an association between polymorphisms in the PCM1 gene and SZ in a UK/Scottish population. In this study, we aimed to replicate these findings in a Northern Swedish association sample of 486 research subjects with SZ and 512 unrelated control individuals. We genotyped 12 previously described SNP markers and carried out haplotype analyses using the same multi‐marker haplotypes previously reported. Though we could not replicate the association with SNPs rs445422 and rs208747, we did observe a significant protective association with intronic SNP rs13276297. Furthermore, we performed a meta‐analysis comprising 1,794 SZ patients and 1,553 controls, which confirmed the previously reported association with rs445422 and rs208747. These data provide further evidence that PCM1—though certainly not a major risk factor in the Northern Swedish population—cannot be ruled out as a contributor to SZ risk and/or protection, and deserves further replication in larger populations to elucidate its role in disease etiology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical properties and morphology of carbon black‐filled HDPE/EVA composites
Authors: Yang Quan‐Quan , Liang Ji‐Zhao
Published: April 2010

The sensitive effect of weight ratio of the high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene‐vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) on the electrical properties of HDPE/EVA/carbon black (CB) composites was investigated. With the EVA content increasing from 0 wt % to 100 wt %, an obvious change of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) curve was observed, and a U‐shaped insulator‐conductor‐insulator transition in HDPE/EVA/CB composites with a CB concentration nearby the percolation threshold was found. The selective location of CB particles in HDPE/EVA blend was analyzed by means of theoretical method and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) in order to explain the U‐shaped insulator‐conductor‐insulator transition, a phenomenon different from double percolation in this composite. The first significant change of the resistivity, an insulator‐conductor transition, occurred when the conductive networks diffused into the whole matrix due to the forming of the conductive networks and the continuous EVA phase. The second time significant change of the resistivity, a conductor‐insulator transition, appeared when the amorphous phase is too large for CB particles to form the conductive networks throughout the whole matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and gas permeability of membranes of silyl‐substituted poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s
Authors: Sakaguchi Toshikazu , Koide Yohei , Hashimoto Tamotsu
Published: April 2010

p‐Bis(bromomethyl)benzene with silyl groups [SiMe3(2a), SiEt3(2b), SiMe2‐t‐Bu (2c), SiMe2‐n‐Bu (2d), SiMe2‐n‐C8H17 (2e), SiMe2‐n‐C18H37 (2f)] were polymerized by a modified Gilch route to afford silyl‐substituted poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s (3a–f). The polymer containing SiMe3 groups (3a) was insoluble in any solvents, while the other polymers (3b–f) were soluble in organic solvents. They had relatively high molecular weight over 3.6 × 104, and gave free‐standing membranes by solution casting method. According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the silyl‐substituted poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s showed high thermal stability (Td ≥ 300°C). The oxygen permeability coefficients of membranes of the silyl‐substituted poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s (3b–f) were in the range of 3.5–12 barrers, and the poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s with long alkyl silyl groups, 3e and 3f, exhibited the highest gas permeability among them. This is the first report on gas permeability of poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Chain extension of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with bisphenol‐A dicyanate
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Chen , Li Hangquan , Du Zhongjie , Li Congju
Published: April 2010

Chain extension of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with bisphenol‐A dicyanate (BADCy) was studied using an internal mixer under reactive blending conditions. The reaction between PET and BADCy was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and chemical titration. With increasing amount of BADCy introduced, the modified PET gave rise to higher torque during stirred in an internal mixer, higher viscosity (η′), and higher storage modulus (G′). Measurement of intrinsic viscosity showed that BADCy indeed extended the molecular weight of PET. DSC analysis represented that Tm and Tc of the modified PET were shifted to low temperatures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
In situ ESR response to temperature evolution of styrene/dibenzoyl peroxide/Di‐TEMPO biradical system
Authors: Szydłowska Jadwiga , Kaim Andrzej , Pietrasik Krzysztof , Trzciñska Kinga
Published: April 2010

The initial stage of the di‐TEMPO (N,N′‐bis(4‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxyl))diaminobutane) controlled radical polymerization of styrene was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) method in a temperature range of 300–410 K. Processes corresponding to three subsequent temperature subranges 300–360, 360–375, and 375–410 K have been discussed. The decrease of concentration of the di‐TEMPO biradicals is faster than for the TEMPO monoradicals in the range 370–390 K. The reduced mobility of capping groups is postulated to be responsible for the differences between TEMPO monoradical and di‐TEMPO biradical mediators. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The self‐regulation of curiosity and interest during the information search process of adolescent students
Authors: Bowler Leanne
Published: April 2010

In a world of increasing information and communications possibilities, the difficulty for users of information systems and services may not lie in finding information but in filtering and integrating it into a cohesive whole. To do this, information seekers must know when and how to effectively use cognitive strategies to regulate their own thinking, motivation, and actions. Sometimes this is difficult when the topic is interesting and one is driven to explore it in great depth. This article reports on a qualitative study that, in the course of exploring the thinking and emotions of 10 adolescents during the information search process, uncovered patterns of behavior that are related to curiosity and interest. The larger purpose of the study was to investigate the metacognitive knowledge of adolescents, ages 16–18, as they searched for, selected, and used information to complete a school‐based information task. The study found that the curiosity experienced by adolescents during the search process was accompanied by feelings of both pleasure and pain and that both feelings needed to be managed in order to navigate a pathway through the search process. The self‐regulation of curiosity and interest was a clear and distinct metacognitive strategy fueled by metacognitive knowledge related to understanding one's own curiosity and the emotions attached to it.
Retracted:Conflict management in buyer‐seller relationships
Authors: Bobot Lionel
Published: April 2010

The following article from Conflict Resolution Quarterly, “Conflict Management in Buyer‐Seller Relationships,” by Lionel Bobot, published online on April 5, 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in Volume 27, No. 3, pp. 291‐319, has been retracted by agreement between the author, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief (Susan S. Raines), and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon due to its similarities to the works listed below, which received insufficient attribution in the article.

Bradford, K. D., and Weitz, B. A. “Salesperson's Management of Conflict in Buyer‐Seller Relationships,” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 2009, 29(1), 25‐42.

Massey, G. R., and Dawes, P. L. “The Antecedents and Consequence of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict Between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers.” Industrial Marketing Management, 2007, 36(8), 1118‐1129.
A crack in the foundation? Revisiting ECR's voluntary tenet
Authors: Wondolleck Julia M.
Published: April 2010

Voluntary participation is a long‐standing tenet of environmental conflict resolution, prescribed at a time when the eventual reach and character of ECR could only be imagined. Today, ECR processes are ubiquitous, varied, and not always voluntary. Voluntary engagement involves choice and perception of fairness instilling commitment, good faith, respectful exchange, and legitimacy. These essential process qualities can be compromised if participation is mandated, yet mandates are sometimes necessary. This disconnect between theory and practice has been extensively examined for court‐connected ADR involving civil disputes, but not for ECR involving public disputes. Mediator experience with mandated ECR processes warrants attention.
California/Lomatiums, Part IX. Isolation of a new isomer of α‐sinensal and its derivatives from Lomatium mohavense ssp. longilobum
Authors: Beauchamp Philip S. , Dev V. , Kittisanthanon Khanittha , Ly Bill
Published: April 2010

The hydrodistilled oils from the fruits, stems and leaves of Lomatium mohavense ssp. longilobum were investigated. iso‐α‐Sinensal, iso‐α‐sinensol and iso‐α‐sinensyl actetate were isolated and their structures derived from their 2D NMR data.
The detection of circulating human papillomavirus‐specific T cells is associated with improved survival of patients with deeply infiltrating tumors
Authors: Heusinkveld Moniek , Welters Marij J.P. , van Poelgeest Mariette I.E. , van der Hulst Jeanette M. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , Fleuren Gert Jan J. , Kenter Gemma G. , van der Burg Sjoerd H.
Published: April 2010

A detailed analyses of HPV‐specific immunity was performed in a large group of patients with HPV‐induced cervical cancer (CxCa) in relation to HLA‐types and prognostic factors. Patients were HLA‐typed and HPV16/18‐specific T‐cell immunity was assessed by proliferation assay and cytometric bead array using freshly isolated PBMC and by phenotypic analysis of HPV‐specific T cells. The results were analyzed in relation to known disease‐related HLA‐types (DR7, DR13, DR15/DQ06), invasion‐depth and size of tumor, lymph node (LN) status and disease free survival. In total 119 HLA‐typed patients with CxCa were analyzed. Patients expressing the HLA‐DR13 haplotype were underrepresented as compared to the Dutch population (p = 0.014), whereas HLA‐DR7 was overrepresented in patients with HPV16+ CxCa (p = 0.006). In 29 of 94 patients (31%) from whom blood could be tested, a proliferative response to HPV16/18 was detected, which was associated with increased numbers of HPV‐specific CD4+CD25+ (activated) T cells (p = 0.03) and HPV‐specific CD4+CD25+FoxP3‐positive T cells (p = 0.04). The presence of both FoxP3‐positive and negative HPV‐specific CD4+CD25+ T cells was significantly correlated (p = 0.01). Interestingly, the detection of HPV‐specific proliferation was associated with invasion depth (p = 0.020) but not with HLA type, tumor size nor LN status. Moreover, the detection of HPV‐specific immunity was associated with an improved disease free survival (p = 0.04) in patients with deeply infiltrating tumors. In conclusion, HPV‐specific proliferative T‐cell response, comprising higher percentages of HPV‐specific CD25+ and CD25+FoxP3‐positive CD4+T cells, are more frequently detected in patients with deep infiltrating CxCa tumors and associated with an improved survival.
Dysregulation of PRMT1 and PRMT6, Type I arginine methyltransferases, is involved in various types of human cancers
Authors: Yoshimatsu Masanori , Toyokawa Gouji , Hayami Shinya , Unoki Motoko , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Field Helen I. , Kelly John D. , Neal David E. , Maehara Yoshihiko , Ponder Bruce A.J. , Nakamura Yusuke , Hamamoto Ryuji
Published: April 2010

Protein arginine methylation is a novel post‐translational modification regulating a diversity of cellular processes, including histone functions, but the roles of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in human cancer are not well investigated. To address this issue, we first examined expression levels of genes belonging to the PRMT family and found significantly higher expression of PRMT1 and PRMT6, both of which are Type I PRMTs, in cancer cells of various tissues than in non‐neoplastic cells. Abrogation of the expression of these genes with specific siRNAs significantly suppressed growth of bladder and lung cancer cells. Expression profile analysis using the cells transfected with the siRNAs indicated that PRMT1 and PRMT6 interplay in multiple pathways, supporting regulatory roles in the cell cycle, RNA processing and also DNA replication that are fundamentally important for cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels of a number of cancer cases are significantly higher than those of nontumor control cases. In summary, our results suggest that dysregulation of PRMT1 and PRMT6 can be involved in human carcinogenesis and that these Type I arginine methyltransferases are good therapeutic targets for various types of cancer.
Downregulation of survivin and aurora A by histone deacetylase and RAS inhibitors: A new drug combination for cancer therapy
Authors: Biran Anat , Brownstein Michael , Haklai Ronit , Kloog Yoel
Published: April 2010

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, such as valproic acid (VPA), constitute a novel class of anticancer agents that cause an increase in acetylated histones and thus restore the expression of dormant tumor‐suppressor and other genes related to cell differentiation, cell‐cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells. The Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS, salirasib) attenuates cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and, under certain circumstances, induces cell death. FTS by itself does not induce differentiation or complete growth arrest. The abovementioned activity of VPA as a differentiation agent suggested that it might be worth investigating its possible therapeutic potential in synergistic combination with FTS. Here, we examined whether the combined application of VPA and FTS could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells that express oncogenic K‐Ras (A549 nonsmall‐cell lung carcinoma cells), DLD1 (colon carcinoma cells) or chronically active wild‐type K‐Ras and constitutively active B‐Raf (ARO, thyroid carcinoma cells). The results showed that combined treatment with VPA and FTS synergistically reduces proliferation in all of these cancer cell lines by downregulating Ras and blocking the expression of Survivin and Aurora A. These alterations, which were most pronounced following the combined treatment, led to a mitotic crisis, as reflected by mislocalization of the chromosomal passenger complex. Our findings thus demonstrate that combination therapy with VPA and FTS might offer a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of epithelial tumors.
Results of the three rounds of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial—The incidence of advanced cancer is decreased by screening
Authors: Kilpeläinen Tuomas P. , Auvinen Anssi , Määttänen Liisa , Kujala Paula , Ruutu Mirja , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Tammela Teuvo L.J.
Published: April 2010

Screening for prostate cancer (PC) remains a controversial issue despite some new evidence on the mortality benefits of PC screening. We conducted a prospective, randomized screening trial in Finland to investigate whether screening decreases PC incidence. Here, we report the incidence results from three screening rounds during a 12‐year period. Of the 80,144 men enrolled, 31,866 men were randomized to the screening arm (SA) and invited for screening with prostate‐specific antigen test (cut‐off 4.0 ng/ml) every 4 years, while the remaining men formed the control arm (CA) that received no interventions. The mean follow‐up time for PC incidence in both arms was over 9 years. The incidence rate of PC (including screen‐detected and interval cancers as well as cases among nonparticipants) was 9.1 per 1,000 person‐years in the SA and 6.2 in the CA, yielding an incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.4–1.5). The incidence of advanced PC was 1.1 in the SA and 1.5 in the CA, IRR = 0.7 (0.6–0.8) and the difference emerges after 5–6 years of follow‐up. The incidence of localized PC was 7.5 in the SA and 4.6 in the CA, IRR = 1.6 (1.5–1.7). The results from our large population‐based trial indicate that screening for PC decreases the incidence of advanced PC. When compared with the CA, the PC detected in the SA there were substantially more often localized, low‐grade PCs due to overdiagnosis.
Serum sHLA‐G levels: A useful indicator in distinguishing colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases
Authors: Zhu Cheng‐Bao , Wang Chuan‐Xin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jian , Li Wei
Published: April 2010

Soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G (sHLA‐G) has been reported in malignancies and is implicated in mediating immune surveillance of tumor. The aim of our study is to detect serum sHLA‐G levels in colorectal cancer and to determine whether sHLA‐G may be helpful in distinguishing colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases. Serum sHLA‐G levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the feasibility of sHLA‐G in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases. Median sHLA‐G concentrations were significantly higher in colorectal cancer compared to normal colorectum, hyperplastic polyp, inflammatory bowel disease and adenoma (all at p < 0.001, respectively). ROC curve for sHLA‐G revealed an area under the curve of 84.2%, and when 88.6 U/mL was used as cutoff, a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 87.8% were achieved. Comparison of sHLA‐G and carcinoembryogenic antigen ROC curves indicated that sHLA‐G was superior to CEA in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases (p < 0.001). ROC curves analysis of the combined sHLA‐G and CEA showed a higher detection capacity (area under the ROC curve, 87.4%) than that of markers considered singly. These findings reveal that serum levels of sHLA‐G are significantly increased in colorectal cancer which may serve as a potent mediator of immune escape in colorectal cancer, and sHLA‐G may be a useful indicator in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases.
Circulating miRNAs are correlated with tumor progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Brase Jan C. , Johannes Marc , Schlomm Thorsten , Fälth Maria , Haese Alexander , Steuber Thomas , Beissbarth Tim , Kuner Ruprecht , Sültmann Holger
Published: April 2010

Circulating miRNAs have recently been indicated as practicable and promising biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis in various tumor entities. However, cell‐free miRNAs have not been found to correlate with clinicopathological variables in epithelial carcinomas. To learn more about the potential clinical relevance of circulating miRNAs in prostate cancer, we screened 667 miRNAs in serum samples from patients with metastatic (n= 7) and localized prostate cancer (n= 14). Various miRNAs were highly abundant in the sera of patients with metastatic disease, and five upregulated miRNAs (miRNA‐375, miRNA‐9*, miRNA‐141, miRNA‐200bandmiRNA‐516a‐3p) were selected for further validation. In the first validation study (n= 45), selected miRNAs were analyzed in a prospectively collected serum set taken from different prostate cancer risk groups. Most of the selected miRNAs were significantly correlated with adverse risk factors when different clinicopathological variables were analyzed. CirculatingmiRNA‐375andmiRNA‐141turned out to be the most pronounced markers for high‐risk tumors. Their levels also correlated with high Gleason score or lymph‐node positive status in a second independent validation study (n= 71). In addition, the expression levels ofmiRNA‐375andmiRNA‐141were monitored in 72 prostate tissue samples (36 tumorvs. 36 benign). Both miRNAs were highly expressed in all samples and significantly upregulated in the tumors compared to normal tissues. Overall, our observations suggest thatmiRNA‐375andmiRNA‐141expression is enhanced in prostate cancer specimens and their release into the blood is further associated with advanced cancer disease.
β‐Catenin—A supporting role in the skeleton
Authors: Case Natasha , Rubin Janet
Published: April 2010

In the last 5 years a role for β‐catenin in the skeleton has been cemented. Beginning with mutations in the Lrp5 receptor that control β‐catenin canonical downstream signals, and progressing to transgenic models with bone‐specific alteration of β‐catenin, research has shown that β‐catenin is required for normal bone development. A cell critical to bone in which β‐catenin activity determines function is the marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), where sustained β‐catenin prevents its distribution into adipogenic lineage. β‐Catenin actions are less well understood in mature osteoblasts: while β‐catenin contributes to control of osteoclastic bone resorption via alteration of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio, a specific regulatory role during osteoblast bone synthesis has not yet been determined. The proven ability of mechanical factors to prevent β‐catenin degradation and induce nuclear translocation through Lrp‐independent mechanisms suggests processes by which exercise might modulate bone mass via control of lineage allocation, in particular, by preventing precursor distribution into the adipocyte pool. Effects resulting from mechanical activation of β‐catenin in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes likely modulate bone resorption, but whether β‐catenin is involved in osteoblast synthetic function remains to be proven for both mechanical and soluble mediators. As β‐catenin appears to support the downstream effects of multiple osteogenic factors, studies clarifying when and where β‐catenin effects occur will be relevant for translational approaches aimed at preventing bone loss and terminal adipogenic conversion. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 545–553, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of hairless corepressor mutants to characterize molecular cooperation with the vitamin D receptor in promoting the mammalian hair cycle
Authors: Hsieh Jui‐Cheng , Slater Stephanie A. , Whitfield G. Kerr , Dawson Jamie L. , Hsieh Grace , Sheedy Craig , Haussler Carol A. , Haussler Mark R.
Published: April 2010

The mammalian hair cycle requires both the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the hairless (Hr) corepressor, each of which is expressed in the hair follicle. Hr interacts directly with VDR to repress VDR‐targeted transcription. Herein, we further map the VDR‐interaction domain to regions in the C‐terminal half of Hr that contain two LXXLL‐like pairs of motifs known to mediate contact of Hr with the RAR‐related orphan receptor alpha and with the thyroid hormone receptor, respectively. Site‐directed mutagenesis indicates that all four hydrophobic motifs are required for VDR transrepression by Hr. Point mutation of rat Hr at conserved residues corresponding to natural mutants causing alopecia in mice (G985W and a C‐terminal deletion ΔAK) and in humans (P95S, C422Y, E611G, R640Q, C642G, N988S, D1030N, A1040T, V1074M, and V1154D), as well as alteration of residues in the C‐terminal Jumonji C domain implicated in histone demethylation activity (C1025G/E1027G and H1143G) revealed that all Hr mutants retained VDR association, and that transrepressor activity was selectively abrogated in C642G, G985W, N988S, D1030N, V1074M, H1143G, and V1154D. Four of these latter Hr mutants (C642G, N988S, D1030N, and V1154D) were found to associate normally with histone deacetylase‐3. Finally, we identified three regions of human VDR necessary for association with Hr, namely residues 109–111, 134–201, and 202–303. It is concluded that Hr and VDR interact via multiple protein–protein interfaces, with Hr recruiting histone deacetylases and possibly itself catalyzing histone demethylation to effect chromatin remodeling and repress the transcription of VDR target genes that control the hair cycle. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 671–686, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of ERK1/2 in platelet lysate‐driven endothelial cell repair
Authors: Ranzato Elia , Boccafoschi Francesca , Mazzucco Laura , Patrone Mauro , Burlando Bruno
Published: April 2010

Mechanisms of endothelial repair induced by a platelet lysate (PL) were studied on human (HuVEC, HMVEC‐c) and non‐human (PAOEC, bEnd5) endothelial cells. A first set of analyses on these cells showed that 20% (v/v) PL promotes scratch wound healing, with a maximum effect on HuVEC. Further analyses made on HuVEC showed that the ERK inhibitor PD98059 maximally inhibited the PL‐induced endothelial repair, followed in order of importance by the calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The PL exerted a chemotactic effect on HuVEC, which was abolished by all the above inhibitors, and induced a PD98059‐sensitive increase of cell proliferation rate. Confocal calcium imaging of fluo‐3‐loaded HuVEC showed that PL was able to induce cytosolic free Ca2+ oscillations, visible also in Ca2+‐free medium, suggesting an involvement of Ins3P‐dependent Ca2+ release. Western blot analysis on scratch wounded HuVEC showed that PL induced no activation of p38, a transient activation of AKT, and a sustained activation of ERK1/2. The complex of data indicates that, although different signalling pathways are involved in PL‐promoted endothelial repair, the process is chiefly under the control of ERK1/2. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 783–793, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.