bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health information seeking behaviour among the Kuwaiti population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: A Aldousari Elham , Al-Sejari Maha
Published: July 2022

This study investigates health information seeking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a survey of 1,018 residents in Kuwait. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data using convenience sampling method. More than half the respondents reported following news updates on COVID-19 through websites produced by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health (MOH), local TV channels, and social media networks. They were aware of most of the precautions being prescribed to curb the spread of the virus. Official resources that helped improve the participants’ health information seeking behaviour included receiving text messages from government agencies and watching daily press coverage of news conferences held by the MOH. Health information seeking behaviour for COVID-19 varied among the respondents according to socio-demographic characteristics. Male respondents had sought more health-related information than the females. Respondents aged 18 to 29 years and student groups were more likely than others to follow news updates on COVID-19; were more aware of the relevant precautionary practices; and were more likely to improve their health literacy. The findings of this study provide a clear account of public health information-seeking behaviour in Kuwait during the pandemic.
Evaluating the research performance of women scientists in Indian research laboratories based on Scopus citation database: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Mukherjee Bhaskar
Published: July 2022

This study examines the contributions of women scientists currently working in various research organizations under the Ministry of Science and Technology, India. Women scientists were identified through the official websites of the research laboratories and their publication performance has been tracked using the Scopus database. There are 901 women scientists working in 78 research organizations under the Ministry and have published 21810 publications up to December 2019, almost 65 percent of which has been appeared during 2010 to 2019. The publication per scientist has risen from 6.85 article per year before 2000 to 10.45 paper in 2015-2019 which indicates increasing participation of women in science from India. Women scientists are primarily engaged in biological sciencesresearch, however fields such as materials sciences, nano-technology, and astrophysics are also becoming the preferred subject choices among women. Women scientists mostly published their articles as a member of a team of utmost 10 authors, however, their position in multi-authored articles is mostly as co-authors than that of principal authors. Women in the age group ofbetween31 to 40 produced maximum publications, and almost 98 percent of publications appeared in collaboration with other scientists.This study confirms that publication productivity does not decline with age. There are women scientists who stay active in research and keep their productivity at a high level until their retirement. The study suggests that the increasing participation of women in Indian science is encouraging, as such more funding opportunities to younger women researchers may be important to give them more lead time to build a strong career.
A review on blockchain governance
Authors: Atici Gonca
Published: July 2022

Having both opportunities and threats, blockchain is inevitably a game-changer disruptive innovation in our time. It keeps penetrating a wide scope of areas including banking, insurance, supply chain, trade finance and many more. During this penetration, it both affects and is affected by traditional governance mechanisms. Like the evolution of traditional governance mechanisms from shareholder to stakeholder model, blockchain technology advances towards optimizing the reciprocal effects of on-chain and off-chain governance. Based on the sophisticated and technology-dominated papers in the literature, this study handles blockchain governance by focusing on both technical and economic aspects of the concept. By analyzing different features of blockchain governance, we come up with the view that technical and economic success seems to be the highest in a hybrid governance structure at this stage
Cascading effects of habitat loss on ectoparasite communities and their associated bacterial microbiomes
Authors: Speer Kelly A. , Teixeira Tiago , Brown Alexis , Perkins Susan , Dittmar Katharina , Ingala Melissa , Wultsch Claudia , Krampis Konstantinos , Dick Carl , Galen Spencer , Simmons Nancy , Clare Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Suitable habitat fragment size, isolation, and distance from a source
are important variables influencing community composition of plants and
animals, but the role of these environmental factors in determining
composition and variation of host-associated microbial communities is
poorly known. In parasite-associated microbial communities, it is
hypothesized that evolution and ecology of an arthropod parasite will
influence its microbiome more than broader environmental factors, but
this hypothesis has not been extensively tested. To examine the
influence of the broader environment on the parasite microbiome, we
applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA to
characterize the microbiome of 222 obligate ectoparasitic bat flies
(Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from 155 bats (representing six
species) from ten habitat fragments in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Parasite species identity is the strongest driver of microbiome
composition. To a lesser extent, reduction in habitat fragment area, but
not isolation, is associated with an increase in connectance and
betweenness centrality of bacterial association networks driven by
changes in the diversity of the parasite community. Controlling for the
parasite community, bacterial network topology covaries with habitat
patch area and exhibits parasite-species specific responses to
environmental change. Taken together, habitat loss may have cascading
consequences for communities of interacting macro- and microorgansims.
Outcome of Emicizumab prophylaxis in twins with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors.
Authors: T.A. SHEELA , Sundaran Jisheli , Vincent Neethu
Published: July 2022

We describe the initial results of Emicizumab prophylaxis in twins
diagnosed with severe Hemophilia A and inhibitors with intron 22
inversion. Prophylaxis was initiated in both the twins showing high
annual bleed rate and difficult venous access. The treatment resulted in
zero spontaneous bleeds and there were no adverse events.
Well-posedness for multi-point BVPs for fractional differential equations with Riesz-Caputo derivative
Authors: ZHOU MI
Published: July 2022

n this work, a class of nonlinear multi-point BVPs fractional
differential equations involving the Riesz-Caputo derivative is
proposed. The nonlinearity term f involves the left Caputo derivative.
Under given some conditions, the existence and uniqueness of the
solution are provided. Our analysis relies on the Krasnoselskii’s fixed
point theorem, Schauder fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction
principle. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate our main
results.
MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE REGURGITANT MITRAL VALVE AS A GUIDE TO REPAIR: ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Calafiore Antonio , Prapas Sotirios , Totaro Antonio , Guarracini Stefano , katsavrias Kostas , Mauro Michele Di
Published: July 2022

Based on Carpentier’s classification and principles, the techniques for
mitral valve repair continue to evolve. We herein report our experience
with the morpho-functional echocardiographic analysis of single mitral
leaflets, as different anatomic features, even if conflicting, may
coexist not only in the two leaflets, but in the same leaflet as well. A
classification is proposed, based on the length (normal, short, or long)
and mobility (normal, restricted, or excessive) of mitral leaflets. The
surgical techniques adopted for mitral valve repair are the direct
consequence of this analysis.
International Multi-stakeholder Consensus Statement on Clinical Trial Integrity
Authors: Integrity . Cairo Consensus Group on Research , Khan Khalid
Published: July 2022

Background: Science integrity initiatives require specific
recommendations for randomised clinical trials (RCT). Objective: To
prepare a set of statements for RCT integrity through an international
multi-stakeholder consensus. Methods: Following prospective registration
(https://osf.io/bhncy, https://osf.io/3ursn), the consensus was
developed via: multi-country multidisciplinary stakeholder group
composition and engagement; evidence synthesis of 55 systematic reviews
concerning RCT integrity; anonymised two-round modified Delphi survey
with consensus threshold based on the average percent of majority
opinions; and, a final consensus development meeting. Results: There
were 30 stakeholders representing 14 countries from 5 continents
including trialists, ethicists, methodologists, statisticians, consumer
representative, industry representative, systematic reviewers, funding
body panel members, regulatory experts, authors, journal editors,
peer-reviewers and advisors for resolving integrity concerns. Delphi
survey response rate was 86.7% (26/30 stakeholders). There were 111
statements (73 stakeholder-provided, 46 systematic review-generated, 8
supported by both) in the initial long list, with 8 additional
statements provided during the consensus rounds. Through consensus the
final set consolidated 81 statements (49 stakeholder-provided, 41
systematic review-generated, 9 supported by both). The entire RCT life
cycle was covered by the set of statements including general aspects
(n=6), design and approval (n=11), conduct and monitoring (n=19),
reporting of protocols and findings (n=20), post-publication concerns
(n=12), and future research and development (n=13). Conclusion:
Implementation of this multi-stakeholder consensus statement is expected
to enhance RCT integrity.
REVIEW OF HPLC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF AZITHROMYCIN IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Taqi Rawa M. , Hammoudy Suraa R. ,   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hamzah Mohammed J. ,   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic of the azalide groups. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome. It inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with amino acid translocation during the process of translation. Its effect may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and the drug concentration. Azithromycin is one of the famous and important antibiotics agents and the determination methods of azithromycin in this article were tabulated with lots of chemical and instrumental methods that used in different parameters. Different high performance chromatographic methods have been reviewed in this paper. Keywords: Azithromycin, HPLC Citation: Taqi RMM, Hammoudy SR, Hamzah MJ. Review of HPLC methods for determination of azithromycin in different samples. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 77-82. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.10
THE USE OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA FOR RELIEF OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors:   Fairooz Hospital, Wasit Province, Iraq, Malallah Zina Z. , Al-Mafrachi Khalid K. ,   Dept. of Surgery, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: The postoperative pain remains the most prevalent complaint after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, which may lead to prolong hospital stay. Objective: To evaluate the effect of wound infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of Bupivacaine for relief the postoperative pain (within first 24 hours) in patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A randomized study included 60 patients having symptomatic gallstones attending Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from December 2018 to December 2019; for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two equal groups; in group (A), intraperitoneal 10 ml bupivacaine (0.5%) was given for postoperative pain relief, while group (B) was not given this local anesthesia. The postoperative pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale score at fixed time intervals starting 1, 2, 4, 6 hrs then 12, 18 and 24 hrs postoperatively. Results: In group A, 33.3% (n=10) of patients had abdominal pain that needed additional analgesia, while 66.6% (n= 20) of patients, they didn’t need additional analgesia. In group B, 93.3% (n=28) of patients had pain and needed additional analgesia, whereas 6.6% (n=2) of patients, they didn’t need additional analgesia. The incidence of shoulder pain was 10% (n=3) in group A and 20% (n=6) in group B. Conclusion: The wound infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthesia significantly reduces abdominal pain (first 12 hrs), also reduces the need for post-operative additional analgesia, while local anesthesia had no significant effect on shoulder tip pain, post operatively. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, local anesthesia, post operative pain Citation: Malallah ZZ, Al-Mafrachi KKR. The use of local anesthesia for relief of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 98-105. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.13
The Impact of Case Management Competency of Integrated Case Managers in Dream Start on Job Satisfaction: Centering on Strengthening Strategy of Case Management Competency Through Comparison of ImportanceㆍPerformance
Authors:   Korean Academy of Integrated Care Management, Choi Won-Hee , Jung Eun-Jue
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparison analysis of the importance and performance of case management competency as perceived by integrated case managers of Dream Start, and to develop an organizational strategy to overcome the gap between the two and increase the degree of job satisfaction. To achieve the goal, email questionnaires were conducted targeting 229 Dream Start’s integrated case managers. For means of analysis, IPA and regression analysis were conducted. The results of the study were, first, degree of importance regarding case management of integrated case managers in Dream Start averaged 4.17 of 5, and its performance averaged 3.50 of 5. Second, as a result of IPA for case management competency, competencies high in importance but lower in performance, were community network development and management. Thus, strengthening management strategies related to network development is recommended. Third, through multiple regression analysis of relationship between case management competency and job satisfaction, importance as well as performance of job competency posed statistically meaningful, positive influence on job satisfaction. With such results, promotion of professional and effective case management competency as well as increasing job satisfaction are required in the future.
Health Trajectories and Socioeconomic Disparities from Life Course Approach on Korean Senior Citizens: Group Based Multi-trajectory Model
Authors:   Korean Academy of Integrated Care Management, Kwon Hyun-Jung , Oh Heaeun
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to derive a multidimensional health trajectory of Korean senior citizens from life course approach and to analyze whether socioeconomic disparities appear in each group. Data were taken from the 2nd to 7th Waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Panel Survey (KLoSA). The study used methodology including group-based multi-trajectory and multinomial logistic regression. As a result, the study revealed five groups with different health trajectories: general aging group (41.6%), healthy aging group (18.2%), depression/cognitive disability group (18.5%), sudden decline in health group (15.6%) and severe health impairment group (6.1%). The gender, income, and assets influenced each group differently whereas education showed no meaningful significance. Specifically, low income and assets were closely related to the sudden decline group and severe health impairment group, whereas income and gender (male) were directly proportional to the status of the healthy aging group (G2). In contrast, the depression/cognitive disability group demonstrated gender (female) was a significant influencing factor but educational background, income, and assets were not related. The study suggests future intervention in health and care policies for each group of different health trajectories is necessary.
Coexistent Diabetes Is Associated With the Presence of Adverse Phenotypic Features in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jex Nicholas , Chowdhary Amrit , Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine , Procter Henry , Sengupta Anshuman , Natarajan Pavithra , Kotha Sindhoora , Poenar Ana-Maria , Swoboda Peter , Xue Hui , Cubbon Richard M. , Kellman Peter , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Page Stephen , Levelt Eylem
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with worsened clinical outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. We sought to investigate whether HCM patients with T2DM comorbidity exhibit adverse cardiac alterations in myocardial energetics, function, perfusion, or tissue characteristics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 55 participants with concomitant HCM and T2DM (HCM-DM) (n = 20) or isolated HCM (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 15) underwent 31P-MRS and cardiovascular MRI. The HCM groups were matched for HCM phenotype.

RESULTS

Mean ± SD European Society of Cardiology sudden cardiac death risk scores were comparable between the HCM groups (HCM 2.2 ± 1.5%, HCM-DM 1.9 ± 1.2%; P = not significant), and sarcomeric mutations were equally common. HCM-DM patients had the highest median NT-proBNP levels (HV 42 ng/L [interquartile range 35–66], HCM 298 ng/L [157–837], HCM-DM 726 ng/L [213–8,695]; P < 0.0001). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, mass, and wall thickness were similar between the HCM groups. HCM-DM patients displayed a greater degree of fibrosis burden with higher scar percentage and lower global longitudinal strain compared with HCM patients. PCr/ATP (the relative concentrations of phosphocreatine and ATP) was significantly lower in the HCM-DM group than in both HCM and HV (HV 2.17 ± 0.49, HCM 1.93 ± 0.38, HCM-DM 1.54 ± 0.27; P = 0.002). In a similar pattern, stress myocardial blood flow was significantly lower in the HCM-DM group than in both HCM and HV (HV 2.06 ± 0.42 mL/min/g, HCM 1.74 ± 0.44 mL/min/g, HCM-DM 1.39 ± 0.42 mL/min/g; P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

We show for the first time that HCM-DM patients display greater reductions in myocardial energetics, perfusion, and contractile function and higher myocardial scar burden and serum NT-proBNP levels compared with patients with isolated HCM despite similar LV mass and wall thickness and presence of sarcomeric mutations. These adverse phenotypic features may be important components of the adverse clinical manifestation attributable to a combined presence of HCM and T2DM.
Dermatomiositis: Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Pawitri Anandika , Miranda Eliza
Published: July 2022

Dermatomiositis adalah kelainan autoimun yang jarang terjadi dengan gejala inflamasi di kulit dan otot, serta berkaitan dengan 10-20% kasus keganasan organ dalam. Diagnosis dermatomiositis sulit ditegakkankarena hanya sekitar 20% pasien mengalami lesi kulit yang khas bahkan tanpa keluhan otot. Gejala khasdermatomiositis adalah heliotrope sign, gottron’s papules, dan gottron’s sign. Patogenesis penyakit ini berhubungan dengan gangguan imunitas, baik sistem imun alami maupun sistem adaptif. Dibuktikan dengan tingginya kadar interferon yang diinduksi oleh gen dan protein dalam darah, otot, dan kulit berkorelasi denganaktivitas penyakit. Faktor lingkungan, misalnya pajanan sinar matahari, infeksi, dan keganasan juga dapatmemicu terjadinya dermatomiositis. Pilihan terapi topikal dermatomiositis adalah dengan kortikosteroid danpenghambat kalsineurin topikal. Selain itu terapi sistemik terdiri atas kortikosteroid, antimalaria, steroid sparingagent, metotreksat, mikofenolat mofetil, azatioprin, dan penghambat kalsineurin. Pengobatan dermatomiositisterkini adalah imunoglobulin, rituksimab, abatasep, dan lenabasum yang sedang dikembangkan dalam faseuji klinis fase III.
DEFINITION OF PROTECTION ZONES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MONUMENTS AND OBJECTS
Authors: Shvydenko Olga
Published: July 2022

Only part of the historical heritage that has a legal status as a "monument", is on the protection of the Ukrainian state. Because now the process of creating a national geospatial database is underway in Ukraine, it is necessary to determine the actual protection zones for all these monuments. The method of determining protection zones for cultural monuments, which is enshrined in Ukrainian law now, doesn't include all types of monuments. It applies only to architectural monuments, including separate buildings and ensembles. After the repeal of the decree that applied to all types of monuments in 2002, the method of determining protection zones for the historical monuments, archeological monuments, objects of monumental art, objects of science and technology, historical landscapes, and historical gardens isn't defined. It is recommended to expand the range of the protected architectural heritage by including in protection zones all objects of valuable historical buildings in the historical cities. Thus, it is proposed to link the protection zones not only with separate monuments and ensembles but also with the most valuable areas of historic cities. In order not to provoke subjectivity and misusage, it is necessary to fix in the legal field the method of defining protection zones for those types of monuments that are not currently described. There is a possibility to partly use old practice when the protection zones define as a circle around the base point of the monuments. It can use for single small objects which sizes aren't more than 3х3 m. But for all other objects, the protection zones should be defined around the territory of the monuments. They should consider the specific requirements for the preservation of specific types of monuments, such as the possible boundaries of mass graves that cannot be established visually, or the possible shifting of land layers when establishing the boundaries of archaeological sites. It is also necessary to consider the conditions of the visual perception of the monuments, which depend on the environment in which these monuments are located. A separate legal issue is to define protection zones for monuments that have been included in the protection lists before the setting of modern rules for the description of cultural heritage sites. The methodology for defining protection zones should take into account the existence of such errors in the descriptions and clearly define the procedure at these rates.
CHRONICLE TOWN OF VYAKHAN
Authors: Osadchyj Yevhen
Published: July 2022

The work is dedicated to one of the chronicle towns of the Upper Posullia. It has been known in science for more than a hundred years and has been reliably localized in the works of Archbishop Filaret and P. Golubovsky. In the second half of the twentieth century, the settlement of the chronicle town of Viahan was studied by the Posullia archeological expedition led by Yu. Morgunov. During two field seasons in 1972 and 1979, the site of the hillfort, its fortifications and the settlement located around it were excavated. In addition, exploration work was carried out on two satellite settlements located on the high banks of the Tern River. According to the results of research, the general chronology of the complex and its individual components is clarified, the structure of defense structures and the time of their occurrence are investigated. The chronicle town of Viahan emerged at the end of the 11th century as a powerful fortress on the way from the Steppe to Putivl and Novgorod-Siversky. The construction site was chosen on a hard-to-reach island in the middle of the Tern floodplain. In 1147 the fortress finds itself in the vortex of the events of the internecine war between the princes. Vyahan was not taken by the army of Prince Gleb Yurievich, which is evidence of the reliability of the fortifications in contrast to the neighboring Popash. The last mention of Viahan dates back to 1149, when the wives of several princes met near the city before marching on the White Tower. After the end of the war, two outposts were built near Viahan, which controlled the Tern Valley from the upper reaches to the confluence with the Sulu. It was there that an important ford was used by both the Polovtsians and the Russian princes. One of them - the settlement of Babakove - eventually turned into a small feudal estate, and the other - Boyarskoe - remained an observation point. The study of the fortifications of the two settlements indicates two main periods - direct construction and the second - reconstruction. In both cases, the type of wooden structure could not be traced. The cessation of life in the city of Viahan and its outposts is associated with the Mongol invasion of 1239/1240 and the destruction of the left-bank principalities of Pereyaslav and Chernihiv.
FORTIFICATION ARCHITECTURE OF GALICIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19th CENTURY: GENERAL EUROPEAN CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES OF PRESERVATION, AND MUSEUM
Authors: Bevz Mykola , Pinyazhko Taras
Published: July 2022

The concept of "military architecture", unfortunately, has not yet been established in the domestic theory and history of architecture. Outlining a set of methodological problems associated with the formation, we consider it appropriate to propose to study several previous tasks: a) to develop a special approach to the formation of its theoretical and conceptual apparatus as a basis for the development of this area in domestic architectural science; b) to publish a dictionary of fortification architecture of Ukraine by collective efforts; c) to create a public scientific-advisory body that would perform coordination functions on the research of military architecture. This body or organization should be a liaison between ministries, state reserves, universities, state bodies for the protection of cultural heritage, and public organizations. The purpose of our publication is related to the first task. In line with the formation of the conceptual apparatus, we want to outline some key theoretical provisions on the defense architecture of the nineteenth century. According to the results of our research, we propose to conditionally divide the so-called "negative militarism" of the industrial period (ie, actually the nineteenth century and later) and "positive militarism" of the pre-industrial time. It is also proposed to expand the concept of "object of military architecture", including objects of administrative, service and other infrastructure. The results of our research indicate that the fortifications of Galicia in the mid-nineteenth century were in fact the only full expression of the movement of modernization of Venetian-Renaissance objects in Austrian military architecture. Thus, the objects of military architecture of Galicia (Lviv, Krakow, Przemyśl, Mykolayiv-Rozvadiv, Zalishchyky, etc.) occupy an exceptional position in the history of both Austrian and European architectural heritage.
The Dynamics of Islamic Jurisprudence in The Eyes of Contemporary Muslims
Authors: Meirison Meirison , Saharuddin Desmadi , Fatarib Husnul
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe emergence of sects and their diversity in Islam is caused by the differences in thought and visions of those who follow these sects. When the differences between the followers of these sects is limited to a mere difference of views on this or jurisprudential issue, it is a disagreement or an acceptable difference. Because there is more than one opinion on one jurisprudential issue, so whoever works with this opinion on the issue, his action is permissible. And, whoever works on the same issue with another thought, his movement is also acceptable, and this is from the capacity of Islam and its mercy to the nation. By examining several books related to the views of the ulama on the schools of thought, it has opened the way for us to verify. The article carried out a descriptive analysis approach and a comparative study of the opinions of scholars in different schools of thought and the fatwas issued by our official fatwa institutions. The article find the fanaticism of the sects is one of the causes of the nation's weakness. So, its unity was torn, and its humiliation intensified for the people. And that, they agree on what they agreed upon of the fixed principles, although various problems arise from time to time.  Keywords: Islamic Jurisprudence, Madhab, and Muslim Scholars.ABSTRAKMunculnya mazhab fikih keragamannya dalam Islam disebabkan oleh perbedaan pemikiran dan pandangan dari mereka yang menganut mazhab-mazhab tersebut. Ketika perbedaan antara penganut mazhab ini terbatas pada perbedaan pandangan tentang masalah fikih ini atau itu, itu adalah perbedaan pemahaman dalil atau perbedaan pemikiran dapat diterima; Karena ada lebih dari satu pendapat dalam satu masalah fikih, maka siapa pun yang mengamalkan pendapat ini dalam masalah tertuntu, tindakannya diperbolehkan, dan siapa pun yang mengerjakan masalah yang sama dengan pemikiran lain, amalannya juga diterima, sesuai dengan  kapasitas keilmuan yang  ada, Islam dan rahmatnya bagi bangsa. Dengan menelaah beberapa kitab yang berkaitan dengan pandangan ulama tentang mazhab, telah membuka jalan bagi kita untuk memverifikasi. Kami melakukan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan studi komparatif pendapat ulama di berbagai aliran pemikiran dan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga fatwa resmi kami. Kami menemukan Fanatisme sekte adalah salah satu penyebab kelemahan bangsa, sehingga persatuannya terkoyak, dan penghinaannya meningkat untuk rakyat. Dan bahwa mereka menyetujui apa yang mereka sepakati tentang prinsip-prinsip tetap yang tidak berubah walaupun berbagai macam persoalan datang dari masa ke masa.Kata Kunci: Fikih, Mazhab, dan Ulama Kontemporer.
“In favour of Russian Interests…”: to the Issue of the “Cultural Mission” of Education in Turkestan Area at the Close of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Centur
Authors: Denis Kirilchik
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the issue of the “cultural mission” of the Russian educational system in the Turkestan region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Having studied the materials of the publicistic and periodical press, the author of the article concludes that the primary task of the school education in Turkestan was not just to maintain the educational level in general, but to demonstrate the superior level of Russian culture (in comparison with the indigenous population of Central Asia). Russian educational system in this region was constantly changing, trying to carry out its “cultural mission” initially through ordinary schools, then through specially created Russian-native ones, while encountering resistance from the influential traditional Muslim school. Still that “cultural mission” was impeded by the low level of literacy and education of the Russian settlers, the non-satisfactory training of teachers, and the half-heartedness of the administrative measures taken.
Metaculture of I.A. Efremov as an Instrument for the Empire Consolidation
Authors: Yulia Chernyakhovskaya
Published: July 2022

Addressing the issue of the unity and consolidation of the empire as political and philosophical entity, the author of the article reveals the importance of culture for preserving its unity. Since the problem of unity and diversity of cultures turns out to be both one of the sources of stability of the empire and the cause of the formation of many conflicts within it, the author of the article outlines the main existing approaches to this problem, mentioning the problem of preserving the unity of culture and opposing it to the idea of preserving the cultural sovereignty of political subjects within the empire. On the basis of the theses put forward by I.A. Efremov and his political and philosophical concept, the author deduces the concept of “metaculture” as a synthesizing principle and a way out of this dichotomy.
Count Michael Muravyov – the Creator of Lithuanian Nation
Authors: Sergey Lebedev
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian Empire authorities policy in the North-Western provinces, in particular, in the areas corresponding to the territory of present-day Lithuania, in the middle and second half of the 19th century. The author shows that Russian administration activity directed at undermining the influence of Polish nobility in the province, led to the government relying on Lithuanian and Belorussian peasantry. The publicist and publisher M.N, Katkov was the ideologist of this policy, and in practice it was enforced by the Governor General M.N. Muravyov. Largely due to that policy there started to appear Lithuanian intelligentsia and middle class. As the result, the Lithuanians, who belonged to lower classes before and spoke the language with no literary norms, grew into an independent nation.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN MENGARSIR TERHADAP HASIL GAMBAR BUNGA MAWAR PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP SWASTA BUDAYA CIKAMPAK
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Medan, Vidanti Vera , Mesra Mesra ,   Universitas Negeri Medan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of learning shading techniques on the results of students' pictures of roses, using the quasi-experimental method. The population of this research is the entire class VII students of SMP Swasta Budaya Cikampak which is divided into 3 classes, the sample of this study uses random class selection so that Class VII-1 is selected. Data collection uses practical tests and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative with t-test statistics. based on the results of the t-test calculation, it is known that there is a significant effect on the results of flower drawings for Class VII students of SMP Budaya Cikampak using shading techniques compared to conventional techniques. This can be seen from the comparison of the average score on the pretest and posttest which increased by 24%.
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT BY APPLYING THE STUDENTS TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION AT CLASS XI MIA 2 OF SMA NEGERI 6 MEDAN
Authors:   University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Wahyuni Resty
Published: July 2022

This study aims to improve the ability to speak English in students in Medan. In this study, research data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation methods. The data sources for this study were students at SMA Negeri 6 Medan in class XI MIA2. By applying the Student Team Achievement Division learning model and using dialogue media. the research instrument is test, observation sheet, interview (Classroom Acton Research) . This study uses a qualitative and quantitative design. The research data analysis technique uses three steps, namely 1. Data reduction, 2. Data presentation, 3. Making conclusions. Findings from data analysis, Before applying the Studnet Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model, there were 30 students (96%) who did not complete with a score of 44.46-66.67. and 6 (4%) students 78.78 - 88.89 completed with grades. And after applying the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model, in the first cycle there were 35 students (99%) who scored 78.78. 88.89 this value has exceeded the KKM score of 75% and 1 student (1%) did not complete. There was an increase of 26.15. The conclusion is that the application of the Student Team Achievement Division learning model is very effective in improving students' speaking skills.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN METODE DEMONTRASI PADA MATA PELAJARAN PKN DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 101770 TEMBUNG
Authors:   SD Negeri 101770 Tembung, Hanom Parida
Published: July 2022

This study aims to use a demonstration approach in improving student learning outcomes in PKN subjects in grade IV SD Negeri 101770 Tembung, with the aim of improving student learning outcomes in PKN lessons. The subjects in this study were grade IV SD Negeri 101770 Tembung. In the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year (February to April 2020). The subjects in this classroom action research were all fourth grade students of SD Negeri 101770 Tembung, Percut Sei Tuan district, Deli Serdang Regency. For the 2019/2020 academic year, Medan has 28 students in cycle I, with details of 15 students (53.6 percent) getting a complete score and 13 students (46.4 percent) getting an incomplete score with an average score. 64.3. In this case the research was carried out in 2 (two) cycles, with research procedures including: conducting learning improvements, holding pretests (initial tests), providing motivation to students so that their scores meet completeness. The results showed that there was an increase in PKN learning outcomes through the use of the demonstration method.
PENGARUH SENI TARI TRADISIONAL SIMALUNGUN HAROAN BOLON TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK DI SANGGAR MARSIALOP ARI PEMATANG PURBA
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Medan, Damanik Olyvia P N , Gaol Rumiris Lumban ,   Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Medan, Sitepu Anton ,   Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Medan, Tanjung Darinda Sofia ,   Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Medan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine whether Simalungun Traditional Dance has an effect on Children's Character Education in the Marsialop Ari Purba Art Studio. The population of this study were all children aged 9-13 years at the Marsialop Ari Purba Art Studio. The sample used in this study was purposive sampling in this case the researcher used 35 children aged 9-13 years. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative survey type method where this type of research tested the results of the study using a hypothesis technique, and the hypothesis technique chosen was the t-test hypothesis.The results of this study indicate that the traditional Simalungun Tortor Haroan Bolon dance has an average tcount of 24,843 which is greater than ttable of 1,683 in the high category and character education has an average tcount of 24,843 which is greater than ttable of 1,683 in the high category. HO accepted that there was a relationship between the traditional Simalungun Tortor Haroan Bolon dance and character education for children at the Marsialop Ari Purba art studio.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENILAIAN SPRITUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21
Authors:   Universitas HKBP Nomennsen Pematangsiantar, Thesalonika Manalu Emelda , Surya Edy ,   Universitas Negeri Medan
Published: July 2022

The assessment instrument used as a mandatory reference by teachers and students in the 21st century learning process. 21st Century learning integrates literacy skills, knowledge skills, skills and attitudes as well as mastery of technology. Therefore, an assessment that is not only cognitive is needed. This study aims to analyze the need for spiritual assessment in 21st century learning. This study used a qualitative method with data acquisition through observation and interviews with principals and teachers. The results showed that principals and teachers needed spiritual assessment.
DAMPAK GAME ONLINE HANDPHONE TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Handila Vony Handila
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dampak game online handphone terhadap perkembangan sosial anak usia 5-6 tahun di Desa Padang Lebar Kecamatan Pino Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Adapun rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana dampak Game online Handphone terhadap perkembangan sosial Anak usia 5-6 tahun di Desa Padang Lebar Kecamatan Pino Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan? Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat penulis simpulkan bahwa dampak Game online Handphone Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak usia 5-6 tahun di Desa Padang Lebar Kecamatan Pino Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan
HEALTH STATUS, CORONAPHOBIA, QUALITY OF LIFE, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH LYMPHEDEMA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Begoǧlu F.A. , Akpinar P. , Özkan* F.Ü. , Öztürk G. , Aktaş İ
Published: July 2022

Covid-19 has physical damage as well as serious impact on the mental health in the community. Symptoms such as anxiety, depression, fear, stress, and sleep problems were more commonly reported during Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the health status, psychological conditions, quality of life, and possible risk factors of patients with lymphedema during the pandemic. The study included male and female patients aged ≥18 years with primary or secondary upper or lower extremity lymphedema (stage 1, 2, or 3) who were followed in our outpatient clinic. The patients were interviewed by phone. Health and social status were examined using a questionnaire, Covid-19 phobia was assessed using Covid-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and quality of life was assessed using Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire Arm or Leg (LYMQOL). Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS scores showed that 35% of the patients had severe risk for depression and 10% had severe risk for anxiety. Factors with negative effect on HADS were lower education level, sedentary lifestyle, failure to perform lymphedema exercises, weight gain, and lymphedema duration. The C19P-S scores were higher indicating greater phobia in the overall score and subscores in patients with
primary lymphedema and secondary lymphedema without malignancy, younger patients, those who are not able to walk regularly, and those who are not able to perform self manual lymphatic drainage (self-MLD). Factors with negative effects on LYMQOL were stage 3 lymphedema, female gender, younger age, and longer disease duration. Patients who performed regular self-MLD and lymphedema exercises demonstrated positive effects on LYMQOL. The results of this study suggest that patients with lymphedema affected by the COVID-19 pandemic are mostly younger patients, individuals with primary lymphedema, individuals with non-malignant etiology, individuals who unable to perform regular walking, and those unable to perform self-MLD.
The 10-week of aerobic-functional training improves fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Beigi Sharif , Shabkhiz Fatemeh , Kordi Mohammadreza , Haghi-Ashtiani Bahram , Hashemi-Madani Nahid
Published: July 2022

Study aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 10-week of combined training course on concentrations of blood sugar, Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in diabetic neuropathy women and men (30–60 years old). Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: exercise (EG; n = 10) and control (CG; n = 10). The EG performed 10-week programme with one session of aerobic exercises (40% to 70% of HRReserve) and one session of functional exercises (60–90 min/ day) at the same day for four days/week and the CG performed their daily activities. The Blood glucose, IR, and lipid profile were measured initially and after the intervention.

Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01), and greater improvements in TG (p < 0.05) and LDL (p < 0.05) in EG than CG, but. HDL concentration did not show significant changes.

Conclusion: The 10-week of aerobic-functional training improves fasting blood sugar, IR, and lipid profile in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
The Barcelona Attack as an Example of a New Way of Carrying Out a Terrorist Attempt in an Urban Space Using a Vehicle Ramming a Crowd of Pedestrians
Authors: Bąk Tomasz
Published: July 2022

In this article the author presents problems related to the use of a new way of carrying out attacks by terrorists and terrorist groups, which is the use of vehicles to ram people in crowded areas of urban space. This method is presented based on the 2017 attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils, Spain. The text presents the course of the attack, the actions of the services, as well as a detailed analysis of these attacks. The material on which the article was based was taken from Spanish press and from communications made available by the services responsible for state security. In the conclusion the author draws particular attention to the increasing use of the method of ramming people with vehicles by terrorists and the ways in which this should be counteracted.
Considerations on the Selection Process and Professional Development in Intelligence Organizations
Authors: Kis Alexandru
Published: July 2022

The selection process in any domain embraces different principles and various strategies but has the same ultimate target: acquiring the best-equipped candidates for the envisaged jobs. In Intelligence (not exclusively), the personnel selection is centered on the applicants’ skills and traits, personal and professional background, transversal expertise, or technical abilities, as well as development potential – with an outlook on further professional development. Recruitment and talent retention in the military (including Intelligence organisations) reflect the trend of civilian (un)employment. It means motivation and job attractiveness (competing with the civilian job market) are critical elements in selection and performance quality, with variables related to the characteristics of the target audience and/ or the employment’s features. This article provides an assessment of the current approach in the human capital policy in Intelligence and makes a parallel with the competing civilian organisations’ efforts to make use of the best prepared and reliable human resources.

Disclaimer: This paper expresses the views, interpretations, and independent position of the author. It should not be regarded as an official document, nor expressing formal opinions or policies, of NATO or the HUMINT Centre of Excellence.
Keragaan dan Keragaman Genetik Genotipe-genotipe F2:3 Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Tinggi Indonesia
Authors: Cut Tia Mardi  , Trikoesoemaningtyas  , Yudiwanti Wahyu
Published: July 2022

Upaya untuk menghasilkan varietas gandum tropika dengan potensi hasil baik dan adaptif di agroekosistem Indonesia terus dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan dan mengukur nilai parameter genetik genotipe F2:3 gandum, Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah galur-galur segregan transgresif putatif generasi F2:3 hasil seleksi pada generasi F2 dari famili G1/Se, G2/Se, G3/Se, dan Ja/Se. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga November 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Cipanas, Jawa Barat (1,100 m dpl). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan perbesaran. Lima varietas tetua digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter agronomi dan komponen hasil. Keempat famili F2:3 gandum menunjukkan keragaan yang melebihi tetua terbaiknya pada karakter panjang malai, jumlah biji per tanaman, dan jumlah anakan produktif. Nilai duga heritabilitas arti luas dan nilai koefisien keragaman genetik yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah biji malai utama, bobot biji malai utama, bobot 100 butir, jumlah biji per tanaman dan bobot biji per tanaman. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan tidak terdapat galur-galur yang terkonfirmasi sebagai segregan transgresif. Seleksi berdasarkan karakter bobot biji per tanaman menghasilkan 30 galur F2:3 dari empat famili dengan diferensial seleksi mencapai 59%.

Kata kunci: diferensial seleksi, galur-galur F2:3, segregan transgresif