bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Den danske Bonde-Praktika 1597-1804. Danske astrologiske bogtryk og deres udgrænsning i reformperioden
Authors: Madsen Jakob Kortbæk
Published: March 2020

Jakob Kortbæk Madsen: The Danish Bonde-Praktika 1597–1804. Danish astrological printings and their marginalisation in the agrarian reform period

This article examines the history of the book Bonde-Praktika, a wide-ranging astrological handbook whose topics include general husbandry, weather prognostication, astrological nativities and medical advice. Originally of German origin (Bauern-Praktik, Bauernpraktik), the book was soon translated into a number of European languages. It thus represents the general trend of the spread of cheap astrological printings throughout much of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Danish Bonde-Praktika is unique however, not only when compared to the German original which appeared in many different versions, but also in the general context of the Danish book market, due to the fact that it saw practically no changes to either format or content: the 23 surviving editions, spanning the period 1597–1804, are essentially identical.In other words, the Danish Bonde-Praktika was a major success and remained popular among publishers and audiences alike for more than 200 years. Here I examine the book in the context of the other two most important vernacular examples of astrological printings in Denmark, the almanacs and prognostications (also known as practica). Seen together, these three genres paint a picture of a golden age for astrological printings in Denmark spanning the period c.1570–1633. Although the almanac (monopolized in 1636) contained a residue of astrological content until the 1830s, the Bonde-Praktika is the only truly astrology-based book to remain in print after the heyday, thus surviving what in recent years has been termed the marginalization of astrology.The last chapter of the article examines the process in which the long history of the Bonde-Praktika finally came to a halt. This process is seen in the context of the wide-ranging agrarian reforms that introduced major economic and cultural changes throughout the country in the decades around 1800. I suggest that this final marginalization of Danish astrological printings should be understood as an only partially intentional result of the reformers’ general wish to educate and enlighten the rural population. Although the Bonde-Praktika was in fact the target of several critics, the astrological worldview was at the same time indirectly supplanted through the introduction of new, astronomy-based theories which offered modern explanations of the nature of the celestial bodies.
Reversible Animacions
Authors: Rodríguez René , Córcoles César , Giménez Ferran , Marín Antoni
Published: March 2020

Reversible Animacions es una compañía de 3D afincada en Barcelona. Su portafolio está compuesto básicamente por la realización de productos de difusión cultural y científica para clientes como TV3, la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona o Enciclopedia Catalana. En esta entrevista, Martí Ribas nos habla sobre la vertiente creativa que demanda el campo del 3D.
Las pantallas táctiles en la publicidad y el marketing
Authors: Sánchez Juan , Echeverry John , Rodríguez René
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analizan las pantallas táctiles que se aplican hoy en día en la publicidad y el marketing con el objetivo comunicarse con el cliente desde el propio punto de venta. El artículo está realizado por René Rodríguez, editor de Mosaic, en colaboración con los responsables de la compañía GlobalZepp, John Echeverry y Juan Sánchez.
All Feet on Deck: The Role of Podiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preventing Hospitalizations in an Overburdened Health-Care System, Reducing Amputation and Death in People with Diabetes
Authors: Rogers Lee C. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Joseph Warren S. , Armstrong David G.
Published: March 2020

The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic is driving significant change in the health-care system and disrupting the best practices for diabetic limb preservation, leaving large numbers of patients without care. Patients with diabetes and foot ulcers are at increased risk for infections, hospitalization, amputations, and death. Podiatric care is associated with fewer diabetes-related amputations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, length-of-stay, and costs. However, podiatrists must mobilize and adopt the new paradigm of shifts away from hospital care to community-based care. Implementing the proposed Pandemic Diabetic Foot Triage System, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring can help podiatrists manage patients while reducing the coronavirus disease of 2019 risk. The goal of podiatrists during the pandemic is to reduce the burden on the health-care system by keeping diabetic foot and wound patients safe, functional, and at home.
Identification of slit3 as a locus affecting nicotine preference in zebrafish and human smoking behaviour
Authors: García-González Judit , Brock Alistair J , Parker Matthew O , Riley Riva J , Joliffe David , Sudwarts Ari , Teh Muy-Teck , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M , Stemple Derek L , Martineau Adrian R , Kaprio Jaakko , Palviainen Teemu , Kuan Valerie , Walton Robert T , Brennan Caroline H
Published: March 2020

To facilitate smoking genetics research we determined whether a screen of mutagenized zebrafish for nicotine preference could predict loci affecting smoking behaviour. From 30 screened F3 sibling groups, where each was derived from an individual ethyl-nitrosurea mutagenized F0 fish, two showed increased or decreased nicotine preference. Out of 25 inactivating mutations carried by the F3 fish, one in the slit3 gene segregated with increased nicotine preference in heterozygous individuals. Focussed SNP analysis of the human SLIT3 locus in cohorts from UK (n=863) and Finland (n=1715) identified two variants associated with cigarette consumption and likelihood of cessation. Characterisation of slit3 mutant larvae and adult fish revealed decreased sensitivity to the dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonist amisulpride, known to affect startle reflex that is correlated with addiction in humans, and increased htr1aa mRNA expression in mutant larvae. No effect on neuronal pathfinding was detected. These findings reveal a role for SLIT3 in development of pathways affecting responses to nicotine in zebrafish and smoking in humans.
UBP12 and UBP13 negatively regulate the activity of the ubiquitin-dependent peptidases DA1, DAR1 and DAR2
Authors: Vanhaeren Hannes , Chen Ying , Vermeersch Mattias , De Milde Liesbeth , De Vleeschhauwer Valerie , Natran Annelore , Persiau Geert , Eeckhout Dominique , De Jaeger Geert , Gevaert Kris , Inzé Dirk
Published: March 2020

Protein ubiquitination is a very diverse post-translational modification leading to protein degradation or delocalization, or altering protein activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two E3 ligases, BIG BROTHER (BB) and DA2, activate the latent peptidases DA1, DAR1 and DAR2 by mono-ubiquitination at multiple sites. Subsequently, these activated peptidases destabilize various positive growth regulators. Here, we show that two ubiquitin-specific proteases, UBP12 and UBP13, deubiquitinate DA1, DAR1 and DAR2, hence reducing their peptidase activity. Overexpression of UBP12 or UBP13 strongly decreased leaf size and cell area, and resulted in lower ploidy levels. Mutants in which UBP12 and UBP13 were downregulated produced smaller leaves that contained fewer and smaller cells. Remarkably, neither UBP12 nor UBP13 were found to be cleavage substrates of the activated DA1. Our results therefore suggest that UBP12 and UBP13 work upstream of DA1, DAR1 and DAR2 to restrict their protease activity and hence fine-tune plant growth and development.
Perceptions of the technical staff of professional teams regarding injury prevention in Spanish national futsal leagues: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Jiménez-Loaisa Alejandro , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Mecías-Calvo Marcos , Rey Ezequiel
Published: March 2020

Futsal is a sport with increasing popularity and level of performance, both in male and female categories. Also, there are several injuries along a season, so it is needed to know how to reduce this burden. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of technical staff on injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures, and the strategies used by them within professional male and female futsal teams. A cross-sectional study was designed during the 2017–2018 season. A total of 32 futsal teams involved in male and female Spanish national futsal leagues completed, through an online survey platform, a questionnaire about injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures. Findings showed that: (a) most teams reported enough human resources, but insufficient material and time resources, (b) the main risk factors detected were previous injuries, strength deficits and dehydration, (c) functional movement patterns, flexibility tests and self-report questionnaires were the most applied tests for detecting injury risks in their players and (d) most of the main preventive measures used by technical staff matched with the best valued by them. Technical staff defined properly the main risk factors in futsal performance, as well as they applied preventive strategies with scientific support. The information provided in this research could be of interest for sport scientists and technical staff when designing more accurate and efficient injury prevention programs in futsal.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new deep-sea species ofChrysogorgia(Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhan Zifeng , Xu Kuidong
Published: March 2020

Three new species ofChrysogorgiawere discovered from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean.Chrysogorgia dendriticasp. nov. andChrysogorgia fragilissp. nov. were collected from the Kocebu Guyot of the Magellan Seamount chain with the water depth of 1,821 m and 1,279–1,321 m, respectively, andChrysogorgia gracilissp. nov. was collected from a seamount adjacent to the Mariana Trench with the water depth of 298 m. They all belong to theChrysogorgia“group A, Spiculosae” with rods distributed in body wall and tentacles, and differ from all congeners exceptC. abludoPante & Watling, 2012 by having a tree-shaped colony (vs. bottlebrush-shaped, planar or biflabellate).Chrysogorgia dendriticasp. nov. is unique in having a monopodial stem, the 1/3L branching sequence and the amoeba-shaped sclerites (sclerites branched toward to many directions) at the body bases of polyps.Chrysogorgia fragilissp. nov. is most similar toC. abludo, but differs by the regular 1/3L branching sequence and elongate flat scales in coenenchyme.Chrysogorgia gracilissp. nov. is easily separated from congeners by the 1/4L branching sequence, the absence of sclerites in the basal body wall, and the very sparse scales in coenenchyme. Based on the phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses of mtMutS gene, all the availableChrysogorgiaspecies were separated into two main groups: one includesC. binata,C.cf.stellataandC. chryseis, which have two or more fans emerging from a short main stem (bi- or multi-flabellate colony); the other one includes all the species with the branching patterns as a single ascending spiral (clockwise or counterclockwise, bottlebrush-shaped colony), a fan (planar colony) and a bush of branches perched on top of a long straight stem (tree-shaped colony). Additionally, the tree-shaped colony represents a new branching pattern inChrysogorgia, and therefore we extend the generic diagnosis.
ТЕПЛОВИЗОР: УВИДЕТЬ НЕВИДИМОЕ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЕВ Сергей
Published: March 2020

Тепловизоры служат энергетикам не первое десятилетие. Как они устроены, какими бывают, где применяются и кем производятся - об этом рассказывает наша статья.
ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИЯ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: РОМАНОВ П. С. , РОМАНОВА И.П.
Published: March 2020

В статье проводится анализ использования человечеством генетически модифицированных растений и животных с позиций закона сохранения информации и синергетики. Делается попытка с научной точки зрения показать вред поспешных действий, связанных с употреблением в пищу растений трансмутантов для экологического состояния планеты
ВЕТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА РОССИИ - НОВЫЕ ГОРИЗОНТЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ОРЛОВ Александр
Published: March 2020

лобальный рынок распределённых энергоресурсов растёт в мире на 6-9% в год. Ожидается, что к 2025 году объём ввода распредгенерации превысит объёмы ввода централизованной генерации в три раза. При этом, по оценке Международного энергетического агентства, распределённая энергетика обеспечит до 75% новых подключений в ходе глобальной электрификации до 2030 г. Об этом говорили участники встречи “Малая ветроэнергетика: производство ветроэнергетических установок и энергокомплексов малой мощности для автономного энергоснабжения”, состоявшейся в Национальном исследовательском университете Московский энергетический институт (НИУ МЭИ)
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПАНИИ возвращаются В АФРИКУ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЕВ Сергей
Published: March 2020

Россия вспоминает опыт Советского Союза и возвращается на “Чёрный континент”, которому прочат многообещающее будущее “второго Китая“. Профессиональные скептики смакуют многочисленные риски - от геополитических угроз до издержек помощи “братским народам”. Оптимисты подсчитывают долгосрочные выгоды для российской промышленности, которой будут гарантированы новые заказы. Остроту интриге придаёт конкуренция со стороны других великих держав, прежде всего Китая, экспансия которого тревожит западный мир, и США, которым важно не только продать свои технологии, но и покрепче привязать к себе союзников и в Африке, и в Европе, и на Ближнем Востоке.
МЕНДЕЛЕЕВ - СПЕЦИАЛИСТ ПО ЧЕМОДАНАМ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: САВЕЛЬЕВА О.О.
Published: March 2020

имик, физик, метролог, технолог, геолог, метеоролог, нефтяник, педагог, преподаватель, экономист, энциклопедист, приборостроитель, разработчик отечественного бездымного пороха, специалист по освоению Крайнего Севера, путешественник, воздухоплаватель, кораблестроитель, троекратный номинант на Нобелевскую премию, профессор Санкт-Петербургского университета, почётный член и доктор десятков мировых университетов и академий наук, а также создатель Периодической системы химических элементов Д.И. Менделеев, помимо всего прочего много времени посвящал любимым увлечениям: переплётному делу и изготовлению чемоданов.
Perception of Sawmill Workers towards Occupational Health and Safety at Linden/Soesdyke Highway, Guyana
Authors: Boston Cecil , Kurup Rajini , Zaman Saliqa
Published: March 2020

Aims: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is very important for sawmills just like any other occupation. Therefore, this study aims to assess the measures taken by sawmills to ensure safety is maintained at the workplace and to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) exhibited by woodworkers.

Methodology: Using observation checklists and questionnaires, a cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. A total of 8 sawmills located on the Linden/Soesdyke Highway and 84 woodworkers were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Analysis was done is SPSS software.

Results and Discussion: A total of 37.5% of sawmill workers scored above average. Workers showed inadequate knowledge, negative attitude and poor practice towards OSH as the overall mean scores for these were found to be 71%, 71.5% and 61.4% respectively. These were below the cut-off level (75%). There was a significant linear correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice.

Conclusion: It was concluded that employers need to put extra effort in providing workers with safety education and personal protective equipment’s (PPE). Education programs and training sessions need to be put in place as adequate knowledge results in positive attitude which results in good practice.
Evaluation of Sesame Yield and Yield Component under Different NPSZnB Fertilizer Rates in Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Shimgabr Teame , Gebereslasie Negasi , Haftu Welesenbet , Alene Haile
Published: March 2020

Sesame is one of the most popular oil crops in the Western Tigray Ethiopia. Blended fertilizers containing N, P, S, Zn and B have been recommended to ameliorate site specific nutrient deficiencies in different districts of Tigray. Field experiment was conducted during rainfall season of 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of NPSZnB fertilizer on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in vertisols of Western Tigray at the Humera station, Banat and Kebabo Kafta Humera and Tsegede Wereda’s. The treatments consisted of six levels of NPSZnB 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 and one blanket recommendation NP was applied. Data were recorded on sesame yield and yield components. The results revealed that addition of graded rate of NPSZnB significantly increased yield and yield attributes over the control. Analysis of variances showed that grain yield, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule and number of branching per plant was significant differences at (P< 0.001). Grain yield increases from 421 kg ha-1 to 630.1 kg ha-1 as NPSZnB increases from 0 (control) to 150 kg ha-1 and 421 kg ha-1 to 626.2 kg ha-1 as NP increases from 0 (control) to 41 N kg and 46 P205 kg ha-1 respectively. But NPSZnB was not significant with blanket recommendation of NP (41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1), this indicates that either the blend or blanket NP can be used but not one to replace the other.
Factors Influencing Viral Load Non-suppression among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Borno State, Nigeria: A Case of Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital
Authors: Sunkanmi Fadoju , Paul Yunana , Peter Dickson , Nsikan Affiah , Joseph Jasini , Opada Emmanuel , Henry Udenenwu , Jonah John , Tapshak Kyeshir , James Ndifreke
Published: March 2020

Background: The 2019 National AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) report showed that the prevalence of HIV in North East Nigeria is 1.1%. Despite the increasing number of patients on ART in Nigeria, there is inadequate information about clients with virologic failure and its different determinants among PLHIVs enrolled into care in resource-limited and security challenged settings like Borno state.

Objectives: To evaluate the suppression rate and the associated factors for non-suppression of Viral Load (VL) at a HIV/AIDS comprehensive service delivery site in Borno State.

Methods: A case study conducted using routinely received Viral Load (VL) test results in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Borno State. Six (6) VL data from 402 patients on HIV anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Data collected using standard tools and Lafiya Information Management System (LAMIS) used for data extraction and STATA 14 used for analysis. Logistic regression was employed to identify various factors associated with viral Load non-suppression (virologic failure) in the selected facility in the State.

Results: From the 402 patients; 279 (69.40%) were females while the remaining 123(30.60%) were males. Overall virologic failure/non-suppression rate was 16.33%. 19.2% of the patients age 25-29 were virally unsuppressed. The odds of virologic failure decreased with age, with children aged 5-9 years (OR= 1.97, 95%CI = 0.02-169.913) and adults (OR= 3.33, 95%CI = 0.064-171.66) registering the highest odds. Last clinical stage (OR= 1.54, 95%CI = 0.499-4.76) and Body mass Index (OR= 1.4, 95%CI = 0.5-4.33) increased the odds of virologic failure.

Conclusions: Demographic, economic and clinical data study increased the odds of virologic failure. Second line and third line ART regimens were protective against virologic failure. The study recommends close monitoring and regular follow up on patients by the case managers/care givers/treatment supporter and intensified patients' adherence support for repeat testers after suspected failure of the drug.
Superiority of Somatostatin Analog in Comparison With Drugs for Treating Pancreatic Fistula in Rats
Authors: Kawakami Yusuke , Adachi Tomohiko , Ono Shinichiro , Kuroshima Naoki , Imamura Hajime , Adachi Toshiyuki , Hirayama Takanori , Kitasato Amane , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Kuroki Tamotsu , Eguchi Susumu
Published: March 2020

Objective

This study aims to identify the most effective individual drug in an established triple-drug therapy (TDT) using a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rat model.

Summary of background data

POPF is the major complication of pancreatectomy that causes intraperitoneal abscess, sepsis, and pseudoaneurysm rupture, all of which may prolong hospital stays and cause potentially serious events or death. We previously demonstrated that TDT with a somatostatin analog, gabexate mesilate, and imipenem/cilastatin effectively prevents POPF, especially in high-risk patients.

Methods

POPF-induced rats were killed on postoperative day 3 after control (C), gabexate mesilate (G), imipenem/cilastatin (I), and somatostatin analog (S) treatments. Levels of serum amylase and lipase, or ascitic amylase and lipase were measured. Intraperitoneal adhesion between the abdominal wall and pancreas and pancreatic inflammation were evaluated.

Results

Serum amylase levels did not significantly differ among the groups. Serum lipase level was significantly higher in group I than in the other groups (P < 0.01). Both ascitic amylase and lipase levels were significantly lower in group S than in the other groups (P < 0.01). Median inflammation scores were significantly lower in groups G, I, and S than in group C (P < 0.01). Moreover, adhesion score was lower in group S than in the other groups (groups C, G, I, and S with scores 3, 2, 3, and 1, respectively, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Among the 3 drugs, the somatostatin analog was the most effective against POPF.
Select Group of Patients Might Benefit From Prophylactic Central Lymph Node Dissection in Clinically Node Negative Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Kim Jungbin , Cho Hyunjin , Gwak Geumhee , Yang Keunho , Seo Ye Young , Park Inseok
Published: March 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for pathologic central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with clinically negative CLNM (cN0) papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) to suggest a specific group of cN0 PTMC patients who benefit from prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND).

Background

PTMC have excellent prognosis, however, 8% have recurrent disease. Recurrence is associated with regional lymph node metastasis. It has been reported that pathologic CLNM is found in 30 to 65% of cN0 PTMC patients. However, prophylactic CLND for cN0 PTMC remains controversial.

Methods

We reviewed the records of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with a tumor size on preoperative ultrasonography (US) of ≤10 mm and negative CLNM on preoperative physical examination, US, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), who underwent total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy with prophylactic CLND between April 2010 and February 2013. In total, 163 patients were included. We evaluated the relationship between preoperatively assessable factors including age, gender, body mass index, preoperative metformin use, primary tumor size through preoperative US, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor through preoperative PET/CT, and the bilaterality of the primary tumor and pathologic CLNM.

Results

A SUVmax of the primary tumor of >3 was an independent preoperatively assessable factor predictive of pathologic CLNM in cN0 PTMC patients.

Conclusions

Prophylactic CLND might be considered in cN0 PTMC patients with a SUVmax of the primary tumor of > 3 to reduce the risks of residual CLNM and recurrence.
Role of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesins in adenovirus transport
Authors: Scherer Julian , Yi Julie , Vallee Richard B.
Published: March 2020

Following receptor‐mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and subsequent escape, adenovirus particles are transported along microtubules. The microtubule motor proteins dynein and one or more kinesins are involved in this behavior. Dynein is implicated in adenovirus transport toward the nucleus. The kinesin Kif5B has now been found to move the adenovirus (AdV) toward microtubule plus ends, though a kinesin role in adenovirus‐induced nuclear pore disruption has also been reported. In undifferentiated cells, dynein‐mediated transport predominates early in infection, but motility becomes bidirectional with time. The latter behavior can be modeled as a novel assisted diffusion mechanism, which may allow virus particles to explore the cytoplasm more efficiently. Cytoplasmic dynein and Kif5B have both been found to bind AdV through direct interactions with the capsid proteins hexon and penton base, respectively. We review here the roles of the microtubule motor proteins in AdV infection, the relationship between motor protein recruitment to pathogenic vs. physiological cargoes, the evolutionary origins of microtubule‐mediated AdV transport, and a role for the motor proteins in a novel host‐defense mechanism.
LNCAROD is stabilized by m6A methylation and promotes cancer progression via forming a ternary complex with HSPA1A and YBX1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ban Yuanyuan , Tan Pingqing , Cai Jing , Li Junjun , Hu Meng , Zhou Ying , Mei Yan , Tan Yixin , Li Xiaoling , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei , Li Guiyuan , Li Xiayu , Yi Mei , Xiang Bo
Published: March 2020

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitute approximately 4% of all cancers worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) of 502 HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs between HNSCC and normal samples, LNCAROD is overexpressed in HNSCC and associated with advanced T stage and shortened overall survival. The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification mediated by METTL3 and METTL14 enhanced the stability of LNCAROD in HNSCC cells. Depletion of LNCAROD attenuated cell proliferation, mobility in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas overexpression of LNCAROD exerted opposite effects. LNCAROD is mainly distributed in nucleus and binds with YBX1 and HSPA1A proteins. Silencing either YBX1 or HSPA1A did not affect the level of LNCAROD. However, loss of LNCAROD led to shortened half‐life of YBX1 protein. Mechanistically, LNCAROD protected YBX1 from proteasomal degradation by facilitating YBX1‐HSPA1A protein–protein interaction. Depletion of HSPA1A in LNCAROD‐overexpressing cells resulted in accelerated proteasomal degradation of YBX1 protein. Moreover, re‐expression of Flag‐YBX1 in LNCAROD‐silenced cells rescued malignant behavior of HNSCC cells. Our study indicates that LNCAROD is an oncogenic lncRNA and dysregulation of m6A modification might account for aberrant expression of LNCAROD in HNSCC. LNCAROD acts as a scaffold for the interaction between YBX1 and HSPA1A, preventing proteasomal degradation of YBX1 in HNSCC cells.
Improved Adhesion of Different Environmental Barrier Coatings on Al2O3/Al2O3‐Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Gatzen Caren , Mack Daniel Emil , Guillon Olivier , Vaßen Robert
Published: March 2020

In high‐temperature combustion atmospheres, well‐adhering environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are required to protect the underlying ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) from corrosion. Herein the adhesion mechanisms of three different coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) on an Al2O3/Al2O3‐CMC are investigated. In particular, the influence of surface structuring by laser ablation prior to coating production is investigated. Y2O3, yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and Gd2Zr2O7 are chosen as potential EBCs. The coating adhesion on CMC‐substrates with and without surface structuring is analyzed by furnace cycling, pull‐adhesion tests, and burner‐rig tests with gradient. Special interest is paid to the interactions at the coating–substrate interface before and after heat treatment and their effect on the coating adhesion and lifetime. Two different adhesion mechanisms are found: adhesion promoted by chemical reaction and adhesion promoted by mechanical interlocking.
Has Technology Increased Agricultural Yield Risk? Evidence from the Crop Insurance Biotech Endorsement
Authors: Goodwin Barry K. , Piggott Nicholas E.
Published: March 2020

The conventional wisdom that technological advances in seed breeding and genetic modification of corn traits have lowered yield risk has recently been challenged by research that argues that the converse is true. The implications of this research have been applied to models of climate change and have led to the conclusion that these advances have actually increased agronomic risk, such that climate change is asserted to raise important concerns regarding the stability and viability of agricultural output in the future. In a large body of empirical work, the argument is based upon assertions that corn yields have become more sensitive to weather stresses. This increased sensitivity has coincided with the introduction of a variety of genetically engineered (GE) crops in the 1990s and 2000s. We use corn yields and data from the US federal crop insurance program to evaluate these claims. An initial examination of yield responses to droughts in 1988 and 2012 suggests more robust yields in the latter period, in spite of very comparable weather stresses. We next consider side‐by‐side data collected under the Biotech Endorsement (BE) to the federal crop insurance program between 2008 and 2011. This endorsement provided substantial discounts for growers using certain GE hybrids, reflecting policymakers' beliefs that these hybrids had lower yield risk. We find that risk, as measured by the rate of indemnities paid per units insured, was significantly lower for crops insured under the BE. We also find that the difference in risk tends to be greater when growing conditions are less favorable.
Natural history of the oldest known females with mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (Morquio A syndrome)
Authors: Peretz Ryan H. , Flora Christina H. , Adams Darius J.
Published: March 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA (MPS IVA), also known as Morquio A syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that results from variants in the GALNS gene that encodes the enzyme galactosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase. This syndrome has systemic manifestations including, but not limited to, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, rheumatologic, neurologic, dental, ophthalmologic, and otologic. This condition is usually detected within the first few years of life with an average life expectancy of 25.3 ± 17.43 years. We report the natural history of two of the oldest known females with MPS IVA, who were each clinically diagnosed at 4 years of age and who are now 74 and 70 years of age, respectively. They are both affected by pathogenic variants c.319G>A (p.Ala107Thr) and c.824 T>C (p.Leu275Pro) in the GALNS gene.
Cost and operative time estimation itemized by component procedures of endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Thomas Andrew J. , McCoul Edward D. , Meier Jeremy D. , Newberry Christopher I. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a variable combination of individual procedures. Cost estimates for ESS as a single entity have wide variation, likely influenced by variation in procedures performed. We sought to identify operative time, supply costs, and total procedure cost specific to the component procedure combinations comprising ESS.

Methods

Bilateral ESS cases at 13 Intermountain Healthcare facilities (2008 to 2016) were identified from a database with corresponding cost and time data. Procedure details were obtained by chart review. Least‐squares (LS) means of cost (in 2016 US dollars) and time for specific procedures were obtained by multivariable gamma regression models.

Results

Among 1477 bilateral ESS cases with 19 different procedure combinations, operative time ranged from 59.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.6‐73.0) minutes for total ethmoid to 147.1 (95% CI, 126.4‐171.2) minutes for full ESS with maxillary and sphenoid tissue removal. Sphenoidotomy had lowest total and supply costs (in US dollars) of $2112 (95% CI, $1672‐$2667) and $636 (95% CI, $389‐$1040), respectively. Total cost was highest for full ESS with maxillary tissue removal at $4640 (95% CI, $4115‐$5232). Supply cost was highest for full ESS with maxillary and sphenoid tissue removal at $2191 (95% CI, $1649‐$2909).

Conclusion

Operative time and costs for ESS vary depending on the procedures performed, demonstrating the importance of procedure specificity in assessment of ESS time, cost, and, ultimately, value. These procedure‐specific estimates of cost enable nonbinary valuation of ESS, appropriate for the multitude of procedure options intended to optimize individual outcomes.
Herstellung funktioneller Aryl‐, Heteroaryl‐ und benzylischer Organokalium‐Spezies mittels Kaliumdiisopropylamid im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2020

Wir beschreiben die Herstellung von Lithium‐freiem KDA (Kaliumdiisorpopylamid, 0.6 m in Hexan) mit TMEDA (N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylendiamin) und seine Verwendung für die Metallierung von (Hetero‐)Aromaten im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss zwischen −78 °C und 25 °C mit Reaktionszeiten zwischen 0.2 s und 24 s sowie einer kombinierten Flussrate von 10 mL min−1 in einem kommerziell erhältlichen kontinuierlichen Durchflussapparat. Die erhaltenen Organokaliumspezies reagieren unmittelbar mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen, wie z. B. Ketonen, Aldehyden, alkylischen und allylischen Halogeniden, Disulfiden, Weinreb‐Amiden und Me3SiCl zu funktionalisierten (Hetero‐)Aromaten in hohen Ausbeuten. Die Methode ist erfolgreich auf die laterale Metallierung von methylsubstituierten Aromaten und Heteroaromaten erweitert worden, wodurch die Bildung von verschiedenen benzylischen Organokaliumspezies erreicht wurde. Eine Vergrößerung der Ansatzgröße war ohne eine weitere Optimierung der Bedingungen möglich.
Intracellular Wireless Analysis of Single Cells by Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Confined in a Nanopipette
Authors: Wang Yuling , Jin Rong , Sojic Neso , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: March 2020

The inside walls of a nanopipette tip are decorated by a Pt deposit that is used as an open bipolar electrochemiluminescence (ECL) device to achieve intracellular wireless electroanalysis. The synergetic actions of nanopipette and of bipolar ECL lead to the spatial confinement of the voltage drop at the level of the Pt deposit, which generates ECL emission from luminol. The porous structure of Pt deposit permits the electrochemical transport of intracellular molecules into the nanopipette that is coupled with enzymatic reactions. Thus, the intracellular concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or glucose are measured in vivo as well as the intracellular sphingomyelinase activity. In comparison with the classic bipolar ECL, the remarkably low potential applied in our approach is restricted inside the nanopipette and it minimizes the potential bias of the voltage on the cellular activity. Accordingly, this wireless ECL approach provides a new direction for analysis of single living cells.
Morphology, thermal and mechanical performance of epoxy/polysulfone composites improved by curing with two different aromatic diamines
Authors: Ling Qiuhui , Wang Dongyue , Zhang Yan , Lu Xueting , Zhao Songmei , Sun Fangli
Published: March 2020

Epoxy/polysufone (PSF) composites cured with 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) were fabricated, and the effect of dual curing reaction of diamines with epoxy on morphology, mechanical, and thermal performance was investigated. DSC results indicated that DDM was more reactive than DDS and the activation energy decreased with the rising of DDM content. Structures with small domain size at the early stage of phase separation were fixed by the fast epoxy‐DDM reaction. When the DDM content was elevated to a high level, large dual structures were changed to fine bicontinuous structures, which was favorable to improve the mechanical property. The mechanical performance of epoxy composites was enhanced and the maximum values were achieved when the DDM/DDS ratio was located at 75/25 (PSF/DDS0.25‐DDM0.75). The flexural and tensile strength relative to epoxy/DDM system were enhanced more than those relative to epoxy/DDS, while the increase in toughness was the opposite. TGA measurement showed that thermal stability of epoxy/PSF composites was improved because of the restricting effect of continuous PSF domains on thermal motion of epoxy. DMA analysis exhibited two relaxation peaks for PSF/DDS0.25‐DDM0.75, which could be attributed to the formation of phase separated morphology and epoxy network with different cross‐link density.
Impact of early activity on flipped classroom performance prediction: A case study for a first‐year Engineering course
Authors: Martínez‐Carrascal Juan A. , Márquez Cebrián Dolors , Sancho‐Vinuesa Teresa , Valderrama Elena
Published: March 2020

This article addresses the problem of performance prediction in a flipped learning course on digital systems. The course is a part of a first‐year Engineering degree offered at a public university. The extent to which failure at the end of the course can be anticipated is analyzed by examining the students' behavior related to academic activities. This prediction will be made by considering whether students perform different activities as instructed. The timeframe is also limited to the early stages of the course. Although anticipating results at early stages on the basis of behavioral aspects makes it possible to redress the behavior of at‐risk students, at the same time, it also introduces limitations for potential models. As there are no assessments during the early period, no course activity grades will be available for modeling purposes. In this study, different data mining techniques will be used, which will offer better results. Results will be analyzed in terms of the performance of at‐risk students and compared with previous research studies. Models will also provide information about factors of relevance for the academic success of the course.
Geniposide inhibits glucolipotoxicity and cooperates with Txnip knockdown to potentiate cell adaption to endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Chunyan , Shen Shenli , Liu Jianhui , Yin Fei
Published: March 2020

Thioredoxin‐interacting protein (Txnip), a negative regulator of thioredoxin, has become an attractive therapeutic target to alleviate metabolic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that geniposide improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion by accelerating Txnip degradation and prevented the early‐stage apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by palmitate, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of this study is to identify the role of Txnip in geniposide preventing the apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose and palmitate (HG/PA). The results revealed that geniposide attenuated HG/PA‐induced cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax and caspase‐3, while increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and the anti‐apoptotic protein levels of heme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and Bcl‐2 in INS‐1 rat pancreatic β cells. Knockdown of the Txnip gene raised the levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins HO‐1 and Bcl‐2 and geniposide potentiated the effect of Txnip when the INS‐1 cells were challenged by HG/PA. Furthermore, geniposide enhanced the adoptive unfolded protein response by increasing the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α in HG/PA‐treated INS‐1 cells. The results together suggest that geniposide might be useful to antagonize glucolipotoxicity and Txnip might be a pleiotropic cellular factor in pancreatic β cells.
Jet Dispersion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Correlation with Suspension Rheology
Authors: Dresel Alexander , Teipel Ulrich
Published: March 2020

A novel jet dispersion technique was developed and investigated which enabled excellent carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion by high exfoliation at even very low pressure drops. Suitable procedures were developed for the characterization of agglomerate size and fraction of individual CNTs. The appropriate characterization enabled the definition of a dimensionless dispersing parameter and the development of a kinetic model that describes CNT dispersion in dependence of the volumetric energy input. The rheological behavior of CNT suspensions in steady‐shear flows was investigated and demonstrated how the agglomerate fracture and CNT individualization influence the suspension viscosity.
The Forgotten Pyrazines: Exploring the Dakin–West Reaction
Authors: Würdemann Martien A. , Niţu Cristina , De Wildeman Stefaan M. A. , Bernaerts Katrien V. , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: March 2020

Pyrazines are an underreported class of N‐heterocycles available from nitrogen‐rich biomass presenting an interesting functional alternative for current aromatics. In this work, access to pyrazines obtained from amino acids by using the 90 year old Dakin–West reaction was explored. After a qualitative screening several functional proteinogenic amino acids proved good substrates for this reaction, which were successfully scaled to multigram scale synthesis of the corresponding intermediate α‐acetamido ketones. Subsequently, the conditions towards pyrazine formation using δ‐amino‐levulinic acid were optimized, and these were employed to synthesize a relevant set of five functional dimethylpyrazines in high purity. These pyrazines can be considered a versatile toolbox of aromatic building blocks for a wide range of applications, such as in the synthesis of polymers or metal–organic frameworks.
Probing Relaxation Dynamics in Five‐Coordinate Dysprosium Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Parmar Vijay S. , Ortu Fabrizio , Ma Xiaozhou , Chilton Nicholas F. , Clérac Rodolphe , Mills David P. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: March 2020

A new family of five‐coordinate lanthanide single‐molecule magnets (Ln SMMs) [Dy(Mes*O)2(THF)2X] (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl; X=Cl, 1; Br, 2; I, 3) is reported with energy barriers to magnetic reversal >1200 K. The five‐coordinate DyIII ions have distorted square pyramidal geometries, with halide anions on the apex, and two Mes*O ligands mutually trans‐ to each other, and the two THF molecules forming the second trans‐ pair. These geometrical features lead to a large magnetic anisotropy in these complexes along the trans‐Mes*O direction. QTM and Raman relaxation times are enhanced by varying the apex halide from Cl to Br to I, or by dilution in a diamagnetic yttrium analogue.
Switchable Fluorescence of Doxorubicin for Label‐Free Imaging of Bioorthogonal Drug Release
Authors: Uyar Taha Bilal , Wu Kui , He Muhan , Khan Irfan , Royzen Maksim , Yigit Mehmet V.
Published: March 2020

Monitoring the release and activation of prodrug formulations provides essential information about the outcome of a therapy. While the prodrug delivery can be confirmed by using different imaging techniques, confirming the release of active payload by using imaging is a challenge. Here, we have discovered that the switchable fluorescence of doxorubicin can validate drug release upon its uncaging reaction with a highly specific chemical partner. We have observed that the conjugation of doxorubicin with a trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) diminishes its fluorescence at 595 nm. This quenched fluorescence of the doxorubicin prodrug is recovered upon its bond‐cleaving reaction with tetrazine. Clinically assessed iron oxide nanoparticles were used to formulate a doxorubicin nanodrug. The release of doxorubicin from the nanodrug was studied under various experimental conditions. A fivefold increase in doxorubicin fluorescence is observed after complete release. The studies were carried out in vitro in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. An increase in Dox signal was observed upon tetrazine administration. This switchable fluorescence mechanism of Dox could be employed for fundamental studies, that is, the reactivity of various tetrazine and TCO linker types under different experimental conditions. In addition, the system could be instrumental for translational research where the release and activation of doxorubicin prodrug payloads can be monitored by using optical imaging systems.
Fast maximum coverage of system behavior from a performance and power point of view
Authors: Da Costa Georges , Pierson Jean‐Marc , Fontoura‐Cupertino Leandro
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a methodology for constructing and assessing the quality of benchmark‐suites dedicated to understand server behavior. Applications are multiple: behavioral models creation, power capping, abnormal behavior detection, model validation. To reach all the operating points of one server, an automatic operating range detection is necessary. To get the knowledge of the operating range, an exhaustive search of possible reachable states must be conducted. While many works use for this purpose only simplistic benchmark‐suites in their research, we show in this article that using simple assumptions (leading to simple models such as linear ones) introduces large bias. We identify the bias due to individual hardware components. The key for understanding and modeling of the system behavior (from performance and power consumption points of view) is to stress the system and its subsystems on a large set of configurations, and to collect values spanning over a large spectrum. We define a coverage metric for evaluating the coverage of measured performance indicators and power values. We evaluate different benchmarks using that metric, and thoroughly analyze their impact on the collected values. Finally, we propose a benchmark‐suite providing a large coverage, adapted to general cases.
Electrochemiluminescence Single‐Cell Analysis: Intensity‐ and Imaging‐Based Methods
Authors: Ding Hao , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin
Published: March 2020

Cellular heterogeneity is always present in any cell population. It is the fundamental to understand how single cells and cell ensembles behave under perturbation, which is essential for both basic research and clinical application. Various approaches have been developed to study cell‐to‐cell difference at the single‐cell level, among which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) single‐cell analysis has emerged in recent years. This Minireview focuses on the advances in ECL single cell analysis. After a brief introduction to single cell analysis and ECL, this overview mainly covers the ECL mechanisms and systems involved in ECL cytosensors, as well as the applications in ECL single cell analysis, which are classified into two main categories, namely intensity‐ and imaging‐based methods. Finally, the outlooks and challenges in this field are discussed.