bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect And Predictive Value Of Routine Preoperative Laboratory Testing For Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Jokelainen J. , Ismail S. , Kylänpää L. , Udd M. , Mustonen H. , Lindström O. , Pöyhiä R.
Published: January 2019

Background and Aims:

Several studies and guidelines are questioning routine preoperative laboratory tests in surgical and endoscopic procedures. Their effect in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is not currently known. This study was carried out to evaluate the risk of adverse effects in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and their association with preoperative lab tests.

Materials and Methods:

A single-center, prospective observational study on all 956 patients undergoing 1196 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies in the Endoscopy Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital from 1 March 2012 to 28 February 2013. Routine preoperative laboratory test results (basic blood count, creatinine, potassium, sodium, international normalized ratio/thromboplastin time, and amylase), health status, medication, and demographic information of all patients were analyzed in relation to adverse effects related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and procedural sedation.

Results:

Multivariate analysis showed post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (43 cases, 3.6%) to have no association with abnormal routine preoperative laboratory tests. Respiratory depression caused by sedation (128 cases, 11%) was not associated with abnormal routine preoperative laboratory tests, and anemia was found to be a slightly protecting factor. Cardiovascular depression caused by sedation was associated with thrombocytopenia (odds ratio = 1.87, p = 0.025) and, in male patients, hyponatremia (odds ratio = 3.66, p < 0.001). Incidence of other adverse effects was too low for statistical analysis.

Conclusion:

Routine universal preoperative lab testing was not found to be successful in predicting adverse effects in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures. Laboratory testing should be done focusing on each patient’s individual needs.
Role of circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Gong Xue , Wu Gengze , Zeng Chunyu
Published: January 2019

Over the last several decades, cardiovascular diseases largely increase the morbidity and mortality especially in developed countries, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although extensive work over the last two decades attempted to decipher the molecular network of regulating the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases, evidences from clinical trials with newly revealed targets failed to show more evidently salutary effects, indicating the inefficiency of understanding the complete regulatory landscape. Recent studies have shifted their focus from coding genes to the non-coding ones, which consist of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the lately re-discovered a unique group of RNAs—circular RNAs (circRNAs). As the focus now has been shifted to the newly identified group of non-coding RNAs, circRNAs exhibit stability, highly conservation and relative enriched expression abundance in some cases, which are distinct from their cognate linear counterparts—lncRNAs. So far, emerging evidence begins to support the critical role of circRNAs in organogenesis and pathogenesis as exemplified in the central nervous system, and could be just as implicative in the cardiovascular system, suggesting a therapeutic perspective in related diseases.

Impact statement

Circular RNAs are important regulators of multiple biological processes such as organogenesis and oncogenesis. Although the bulk of concerning studies focused on revealing their diversified roles in various types of cancers, reports began to accumulate in cardiovascular field these days. We summarize circular RNAs implicated in cardiovascular diseases, aiming to highlight the advances in the knowledge of such diseases and their potential of being promising target for diagnosis and therapy.
An improved lightweight certificateless generalized signcryption scheme for mobile-health system
Authors: Zhou Caixue
Published: January 2019

The mobile-health system, also known as the wireless body area network for remote patient monitoring, is a system used to remotely monitor the human body’s health status parameters in real time. The generalized signcryption can realize encryption, signature, and signcryption with only one key pair and one algorithm. To address the communication security requirement for the mobile-health system, Zhang et al. recently proposed a lightweight secure data transmission protocol for the mobile-health system, which uses a certificateless generalized signcryption scheme. However, Zhang et al.’s certificateless generalized signcryption scheme is insecure. In this article, we propose an improved certificateless generalized signcryption scheme and then give a rigorous security proof of it. The confidentiality of our improved scheme can be reduced to the computational Diffie–Hellman problem, and the unforgeability, the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm problem. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme has only slightly increased computational and communicational costs compared with the original scheme, but it is more efficient than other certificateless generalized signcryption schemes existing at present. What is more, it is also an efficient scheme compared with those ones protecting the mobile-health system. Based on our scheme, the same lightweight secure data transmission protocol for the mobile-health system can also be constructed, just like the one based on the original scheme.
Leading Turkish schools: A study of the causes and consequences of organisational hypocrisy
Authors: Kılıçoğlu Gökhan , Kılıçoğlu Derya Yılmaz , Hammersley-Fletcher Linda
Published: January 2019

Schools in Turkey are primarily influenced by the Ministry of National Education ( Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı) through laws and regulations. Compliance with regulations might be characterised as superficial in many respects and can lead to schools ‘decoupling’ their espoused structures from the realities of practice. In other words, they might have policies to indicate compliance whilst at the same time practising in ways that are not coherent with these stated aims and ‘ideals’. Consequently, there can be incongruence between the apparent conformity and the reality of daily activities referred to by Brunsson as ‘organizational hypocrisy’. There are serious dangers with not recognising issues around proclaimed values and accepted expectations which may have pathological consequences for organisations. This article draws on semi-structured interviews with 21 staff including principals, vice principals and teachers from nine schools in the Eskişehir Provincial Directorate of National Education in Turkey to investigate the conditions under which hypocrisy is more likely to happen and what the consequences of it may be. We provide school staff with important insights on how to decrease hypocrisy in their schools and increase the authenticity of school approaches in a complex, educational environment.
Minocycline-induced transient depersonalization: A case report
Authors: Shamout Yassein , Sigal Alissa , Litvinov Ivan V
Published: January 2019

Minocycline is a medication commonly used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The central nervous system-induced side effects of minocycline include headaches, pseudotumor cerebri, ataxia, and vestibular dysfunction. Many minocycline-related side effects have been presented in the literature, however, reports of depersonalization symptoms induced by the medication are rare. We present the case of a 37-year-old female diagnosed with perioral dermatitis treated with minocycline, who within 1 week suffered from severe depersonalization symptoms. The pathophysiologic mechanism of depersonalization induced by minocycline is unclear but various hypotheses include hypersensitivity of the serotonin system, drug-related metabolic encephalopathy, substance-induced temporal disintegration, and panic-disorder-related etiology. Depersonalization is a potentially severe and important side effect of minocycline that should be documented, further investigated, and recognized by clinicians.
Percutaneous‐transhepatic‐endoscopic rendezvous procedures are effective and safe in patients with refractory bile duct obstruction
Authors: Bokemeyer Arne , Müller Friederike , Niesert Hannah , Brückner Markus , Bettenworth Dominik , Nowacki Tobias , Beyna Torsten , Ullerich Hansjörg , Lenze Frank
Published: January 2019

Background

Percutaneous‐transhepatic‐endoscopic rendezvous procedures (PTE‐RVs) are rescue approaches used to facilitate biliary drainage.

Objective

The objective of this article is to evaluate the safety and the technical success of PTE‐RVs in comparison with those of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographies (PTCs).

Methods

Percutaneous procedures performed over a 10‐year period were retrospectively analyzed in a single‐center cohort. Examinations were performed because of a previous or expected failure of standard endoscopic methods including endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or balloon‐assisted ERC to achieve biliary access.

Results

In total, 553 percutaneous procedures including 163 PTE‐RVs and 390 PTCs were performed. Overall, 71.3% of the patients suffered from malignant disease with pancreas‐carcinoma (32.8%) and cholangio‐carcinoma (19.0%) as the most frequent, while 28.7% of the patients suffered from benign disease. Many patients had a postoperative change in bowel anatomy (50.8%).

PTC had a higher technical success rate (89.7%); however, the technical success rate of PTE‐RVs was still high (80.4%; p < 0.003). Overall complications occurred in 23.5% of all procedures. Significantly fewer complications occurred after performing PTE‐RVs than after PTCs (16.6% vs 26.4%; p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Beside a high technical efficacy of PTE‐RVs, significantly fewer complications occur following PTE‐RVs than following PTCs; thus, PTE‐RV should be preferred over PTC alone in selected patients.
Intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition drives liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and humans
Authors: Groeneveld Dafna , Pereyra David , Veldhuis Zwanida , Adelmeijer Jelle , Ottens Petra , Kopec Anna K. , Starlinger Patrick , Lisman Ton , Luyendyk James P.
Published: January 2019

Platelets play a pivotal role in stimulating liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodents and humans. Liver regeneration in rodents is delayed when platelets are inhibited. However, the exact mechanisms whereby platelets accumulate and promote liver regeneration remain uncertain. Thrombin-dependent intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was recently reported after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice, but the role of fibrin(ogen) deposits in liver regeneration has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that fibrin(ogen) contributes to liver regeneration by promoting intrahepatic platelet accumulation and identified the trigger of rapid intrahepatic coagulation after PHx. PHx in wild-type mice triggered rapid intrahepatic coagulation, evidenced by intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition. Intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was abolished in mice with liver-specific tissue factor deficiency, pinpointing the trigger of coagulation after PHx. Direct thrombin activation of platelets through protease-activated receptor-4 did not contribute to hepatocyte proliferation after PHx, indicating that thrombin contributes to liver regeneration primarily by driving intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition. Fibrinogen depletion with ancrod reduced both intrahepatic platelet accumulation and hepatocyte proliferation after PHx, indicating that fibrin(ogen) contributes to liver regeneration after PHx by promoting intrahepatic platelet accumulation. Consistent with the protective function of fibrin(ogen) in mice, low postoperative plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with liver dysfunction and mortality in patients undergoing liver resection. Moreover, increased intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was evident in livers of patients after liver resection but was remarkably absent in patients displaying hepatic dysfunction postresection. The results suggest a novel mechanism whereby coagulation-dependent intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition drives platelet accumulation and liver regeneration after PHx.
Challenges of foot self‐care in older people: a qualitative focus‐group study
Authors: Miikkola Maija , Lantta Tella , Suhonen Riitta , Stolt Minna
Published: January 2019

Background

Foot health is an important aspect of general health, and it can be maintained and promoted through foot self‐care. However, little is known about older people's experiences of caring for their feet. The aim of this study was to gather knowledge about experiences of foot self‐care from the perspective of healthy older people in order to improve their welfare and their management of foot health.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design with focus groups was used. Seventeen older people recruited from daytime activity centres participated in the focus groups (n = 4). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

The participants described their foot self‐care as including various activities, but they were hindered by the following factors: physical (e.g. changes in nail structure), external (e.g. seeking help from multi‐level professionals) and internal (e.g. related to ageing). Foot self‐care was considered to be important, but it was not systematically carried out. The participants thought that health‐care professionals neglected patients' feet.

Conclusions

Older people use a variety of methods to care for their feet. However, several factors hinder their ability to do so. Older people need advice, education and support to maintain their foot health. Future research is needed to identify effective ways to support older people in foot self‐care and improve their welfare as active citizens.
Writing a Spiritual Biography in Early Modern France
Authors: Hillman Jennifer
Published: January 2019

In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, four spiritual biographers wrote the “life” of the recently deceased lay dévote Madeleine de Lamoignon (1609–87). These authors sought to compose spiritual biographies—accounts of Madeleine's devotional life—all penned with the distant prospect of beatification or canonization in mind. This article analyzes these four retellings of Madeleine's life to excavate the process of writing vitae and situates this process within the broader context of lay spiritual biography in early modern France. A comparative exploration of Lamoignon's “lives” reveals different, and sometimes competing, conceptions of lay female sanctity in the Counter-Reformation era. By attending to neglected biographies of early modern laywomen, scholars might better understand how a life outside the cloister could be reconciled with saintliness.

Entre la fin du dix-septième et le début du dix-huitième siècle, quatre écrivains ont écrit la « vie » de la dévote laïque, Madeleine de Lamoignon (1609–87). Chacun de ces auteurs cherchait à composer une biographie spirituelle—un récit de la vie dévotionnelle de Madeleine—et celles-ci ont toutes été écrites en vue de sa béatification ou de sa canonisation. Cet article est une étude comparative des quatre versions de la vie de Madeleine qui examine le processus d'écrire une « vie ». L'article montre que les biographies spirituelles étaient souvent des textes collaboratifs.
Denouncing War Before, During, and After
Authors: Boxer Marilyn J.
Published: January 2019

This article examines the life and work of Marianne Rauze (1875–1964), who rejected her family's multigenerational military heritage to devote half a century to socialist, feminist, and pacifist causes. Beginning before the Great War, continuing during it, and magnified following the death in battle of her officer husband, indirectly as a result of her antiwar propaganda, Rauze consecrated her life to protesting war. Self-identified as a war widow and eternal mourner, she devoted herself to the causes of war veterans and all victims of war. Using the moral authority of her widowhood, Rauze called for international alliance against war and for social justice. Associated with noted authors Henri Barbusse and Romain Rolland, Rauze produced a group of antiwar tracts and left an eloquent legacy of wartime observation and antimilitarist protest.

Cet article examine la vie et l'œuvre de Marianne Rauze (1875–1964) qui renia l'héritage militaire de sa famille pour se dévouer pendant un demi-siècle aux mouvements socialiste, féministe, et antimilitariste. Ses protestations contre la guerre commencèrent dès avant la Grande Guerre et s'intensifièrent avec la mort en combat de son mari, événement dont son activité de propagandiste fut la cause indirecte. S'identifiant comme veuve de guerre et femme endeuillée, Rauze publia des textes antimilitaristes sensibles à la situation des soldats ordinaires, des anciens combattants, et d'autres victimes de guerre. S'inspirant de l'autorité morale de veuve de guerre, elle demanda l'alliance internationale contre la guerre et pour la justice sociale. Avec l'appui des auteurs Henri Barbusse et Romain Rolland, Rauze écrivit des tracts pacifistes et laissa un héritage important d'observation sociale en temps de guerre et de protestation pacifiste.
Technologies of Empire and the Rejection of Warfare’s Refrains
Authors: Kelly Jennifer
Published: January 2019

This book review essay places Caren Kaplan’s Aerial Aftermaths, Jennifer Terry’s Attachments to War, Inderpal Grewal’s Saving the Security State, and Lisa Parks and Caren Kaplan’s edited volume Life in the Age of Drone Warfare in the same analytic frame in order to document the violence of US empire and trace the everyday attachments that sustain it. Taken together, these texts diagnose twenty-first-century America, catalogue and historicize the exceptionalism that rationalizes state violence, and detail the sensory and affective lives of those who wage war and those subject to it. The conversation they initiate intervenes in what Terry calls the “labyrinth of excuses” that sanction warfare. In their feminist cultural studies approaches to surveillance, security, and war, they disrupt the refrains that position war as liberatory or beneficial and technology as capable of domesticating state violence.
Heterogeneity of transposon expression and activation of the repressive network in human fetal germ cells
Authors: Reznik Boris , Cincotta Steven A. , Jaszczak Rebecca G. , Mateo Leslie J. , Shen Joel , Cao Mei , Baskin Laurence , Ye Ping , An Wenfeng , Laird Diana J.
Published: January 2019

Epigenetic resetting in germ cells during development de-represses transposable elements (TEs). piRNAs protect fetal germ cells by targeted mRNA destruction and deposition of repressive epigenetic marks. Here, we provide the first evidence for an active piRNA pathway and TE repression in germ cells of human fetal testis. We identify pre-pachytene piRNAs with features of secondary amplification that map most abundantly to the long interspersed element type 1 (L1) family of TEs. L1-ORF1p expression is heterogeneous in fetal germ cells, peaks at mid-gestation and declines concomitantly with increases in piRNAs, nuclear localization of HIWI2 and an increase in H3K9me3. Surprisingly, the same cells with accumulation of L1-ORF1p display highest levels of HIWI2 and H3K9me3. Conversely, the earliest germ cells with high levels of L1-ORF1p express low levels of the chaperone HSP90α. We propose that a subset of germ cells resists L1 expression, whereas L1-expressing germ cells activate the repression pathway that leads to epigenetic silencing of L1 via H3K9me3.
Revitalising the rudimentary replacement dentition in the mouse
Authors: Popa Elena M. , Buchtova Marcela , Tucker Abigail S.
Published: January 2019

Most mammals have two sets of teeth (diphyodont) – a deciduous dentition replaced by a permanent dentition; however, the mouse possesses only one tooth generation (monophyodont). In diphyodonts, the replacement tooth forms on the lingual side of the first tooth from the successional dental lamina. This lamina expresses the stem/progenitor marker Sox2 and has activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling at its tip. Although the mouse does not replace its teeth, a transient rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) still forms during development. The mouse RSDL houses Sox2-positive cells, but no Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here, we show that stabilising Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the RSDL in the mouse leads to proliferation of the RSDL and formation of lingually positioned teeth. Although Sox2 has been shown to repress Wnt activity, overexpression of Wnts leads to a downregulation of Sox2, suggesting a negative-feedback loop in the tooth. In the mouse, the first tooth represses the formation of the replacement, and isolation of the RSDL is sufficient to induce formation of a new tooth germ. Our data highlight key mechanisms that may have influenced the evolution of replacement teeth.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Commensal microbiota-induced redox signaling activates proliferative signals in the intestinal stem cell microenvironment
Authors: Reedy April R. , Luo Liping , Neish Andrew S. , Jones Rheinallt M.
Published: January 2019

A distinct taxon of the Drosophila microbiota, Lactobacillus plantarum, is capable of stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, and inducing epithelial cell proliferation. Here, we show that microbial-induced ROS generation within Drosophila larval stem cell compartments exhibits a distinct spatial distribution. Lactobacilli-induced ROS is strictly excluded from defined midgut compartments that harbor adult midgut progenitor (AMP) cells, forming a functional ‘ROS sheltered zone’ (RSZ). The RSZ is undiscernible in germ-free larvae, but forms following monocolonization with L. plantarum. L. plantarum is a strong activator of the ROS-sensitive CncC/Nrf2 signaling pathway within enterocytes. Enterocyte-specific activation of CncC stimulated the proliferation of AMPs, which demonstrates that pro-proliferative signals are transduced from enterocytes to AMPs. Mechanistically, we show that the cytokine Upd2 is expressed in the gut following L. plantarum colonization in a CncC-dependent fashion, and may function in lactobacilli-induced AMP proliferation and intestinal tissue growth and development.
Desmoglein 2 mutation provokes skeletal muscle actin expression and accumulation at intercalated discs in murine hearts
Authors: Kant Sebastian , Freytag Benjamin , Herzog Antonia , Reich Anna , Merkel Rudolf , Hoffmann Bernd , Krusche Claudia A. , Leube Rudolf E.
Published: January 2019

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an incurable progressive disease that is linked to mutations in genes coding for components of desmosomal adhesions that are localized to the intercalated disc region, which electromechanically couples adjacent cardiomyocytes. To date, the underlying molecular dysfunctions are not well characterized. In two murine AC models, we find an upregulation of the skeletal muscle actin gene (Acta1) known to be a compensatory reaction to compromised heart function. It is elevated prior to visible morphological alterations and clinical symptoms and persists throughout pathogenesis with an additional major rise during the chronic disease stage. We provide evidence that the increased Acta1 transcription is initiated through nuclear activation of the serum response transcription factor (SRF) by its transcriptional co-activator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 protein (MKL1). Our data further suggest that perturbed desmosomal adhesion causes Acta1 overexpression during early disease which is amplified by transforming growth factor beta release from fibrotic lesions and surrounding cardiomyocytes during later disease stages. These observations highlight a hitherto unknown molecular AC pathomechanism.
Aktuelle Aspekte der Diagnostik und Therapie der Oberflächenthrombose des Beines
Authors: Reich-Schupke S. , Stücker M.
Published: January 2019

Der derzeit aktuelle Terminus Oberflächenthrombose spiegelt besser als der alte Begriff Thrombophlebitis die Ernsthaftigkeit des Krankheitsbildes wider, welches bei etwa 25% der Patienten mit weitere thromboembolischen Komplikationen wie tiefen (Bein)Venenthrombosen und Lungenembolien einhergeht. Treten die Oberflächenthrombosen in Varizen auf, sollten diese nach Abheilung der akuten OVT saniert werden. Oberflächenthrombosen abseits der Varizen treten gehäuft bei malignen Grunderkrankungen, Thrombophilie und anderen Risikofaktoren der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose auf. Obwohl die Diagnose in der Regel klinisch gestellt werden kann, ist die Duplexsonographie unverzichtbar, um die Ausdehnung des Thrombus und ein mögliches Übergreifen des Thrombus in das tiefe Beinvenensystem zu erfassen. Dabei ist das komplette Venensystem beider Beine vollständig zu sonografieren, da der entscheidende Faktor für die Oberflächenthrombose die Hyperkoagulabilität ist und daher begleitende tiefe Venenthrombosen durchaus auch auf der Gegenseite auftreten können. Die Therapie der Oberflächenthrombose ist gestaffelt nach den betroffenen Gefäßen: 1) Bei kleinkalibrigen Astthrombosen sind Kühlung, Kompressionstherapie, nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika sowie eine Stichinzision mit Thrombusexpression angezeigt. 2) Bei Oberflächenthrombosen der Saphenavenen und großkalibriger Varizenäste über 5cm Länge wird eine Antikoagulation in Prophylaxedosierung über 4–6 Wochen empfohlen, begleitet durch eine Kompressionstherapie über 3 Monate. Bei Risikofaktoren wie Krebsleiden, Autoimmunerkrankungen oder Befall nicht variköser Venen kommt es nicht selten erst nach Absetzen einer 6wöchigen Antikoagulation zu thromboembolischen Komplikationen, so dass bei diesen Patienten entsprechende Instruktionen sinnvoll sind. 3) Reicht der Thrombus näher als 3 cm an das tiefe Venensystem heran bzw. greift er auf die tiefen Venen über, wird wie bei einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose therapiert.
The Use of Internal Auditors Work in Accordance with the Requirements of the ISA
Authors: Дымова И. , Dymova I.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the analysis of possible variants of application of the external auditors the results of the activities of the internal audit service from the perspective of the recommendations of the international standards on auditing. The issues of practice of Russian auditors to determine the degree of participation of internal auditors in their work are touched upon. The author's version of the test to assess the quality and objectivity of the internal audit service of the audited entity by external auditors is proposed.
Symbolika i tradycje 20 Pułku Piechoty Ziemi Krakowskiej
Authors: Pięciak Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

Symbols and Traditions of the 20th Kraków Infantry RegimentThe article presents the story of the creation, traditions and symbols of the 20th Kraków Infantry Regiment. The text describes the history of the regiment’s formation and its participation in the wars for independence and for the borders of Poland in the years 1918-1920. The symbols used in the 20th Infantry Regiment in 1920-1939 are also presented – for example, the name of the regiment, its celebration day, badge, and the origins and fate of the regimental banner.
Gaussian Markov Random Fields for Discrete Optimization via Simulation: Framework and Algorithms
Authors: L. Salemi Peter , Song Eunhye , Nelson Barry L. , Staum Jeremy
Published: January 2019

This paper lays the foundation for employing Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) for discrete decision–variable optimization via simulation; that is, optimizing the performance of a simulated system. Gaussian processes have gained popularity for inferential optimization, which iteratively updates a model of the simulated solutions and selects the next solution to simulate by relying on statistical inference from that model. We show that, for a discrete problem, GMRFs, a type of Gaussian process defined on a graph, provides better inference on the remaining optimality gap than the typical choice of continuous Gaussian process and thereby enables the algorithm to search efficiently and stop correctly when the remaining optimality gap is below a predefined threshold. We also introduce the concept of multiresolution GMRFs for large-scale problems, with which GMRFs of different resolutions interact to efficiently focus the search on promising regions of solutions.
Corporate Purpose and Financial Performance
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine , Prat Andrea , Serafeim George
Published: January 2019

We construct a measure of corporate purpose within a sample of U.S. companies based on approximately 500,000 survey responses of worker perceptions about their employers. We find that this measure of purpose is not related to financial performance. However, high-purpose firms come in two forms: firms characterized by high camaraderie between workers and firms characterized by high clarity from management. We document that firms exhibiting both high purpose and clarity have systematically higher future accounting and stock market performance, even after controlling for current performance, and that this relation is driven by the perceptions of middle management and professional staff rather than senior executives or hourly or commissioned workers. Taken together, these results suggest that firms with midlevel employees with strong beliefs in the purpose of their organization and the clarity in the path toward that purpose experience better performance.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1230 .
Olhares de mães de grupos populares sobre a educação sexual de filhos adolescentes
Authors: Savegnago Sabrina Dal Ongaro , Arpini Dorian Mônica
Published: January 2019

Este estudo buscou conhecer os olhares de mães de grupos populares a respeito dos diálogos sobre sexualidade com seus filhos adolescentes, principalmente no que se refere aos desafios enfrentados e aos papeis atribuídos à escola e aos serviços de saúde pública. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais. Os resultados evidenciaram que as mães participantes têm apresentado dificuldades para dialogar sobre sexualidade com os filhos. A escola foi apontada como uma importante fonte de informação. As participantes destacaram também os serviços de saúde como importante recurso a ser utilizado pelos filhos e pelas próprias mães. As considerações finais apontam para a relevância das instituições escolares e de saúde na educação sexual dos adolescentes, entendendo as mesmas como complementares à abordagem da família. Destaca-se ainda a complexidade da temática e a importância do preparo dos profissionais de saúde e educação para tratar do tema, entendendo que estes quando capacitados podem se converter em importante fonte de auxílio para os pais, facilitando a abordagem.
Itinerários possíveis da política de assistência social: garantia de direitos e governamentalidade
Authors: Cavagnoli Karen Cristina , Guareschi Neuza Maria de Fátima
Published: January 2019

O artigo discute as práticas de garantia de direitos partindo da análise da Política Nacional de Assistência Social e os programas sociais vinculados às práticas de assistência – Bolsa Família e Paif- Programa de Atendimento Integral à Família, na perspectiva do que Foucault denomina como tecnologias de governo da população. Problematiza-se que o Estado faz operar um jogo entre garantia de direitos e controle sobre as famílias consideradas em vulnerabilidade social. Aponta-se que a proteção social enunciada na política não é somente possibilidade de acesso aos direitos, mas uma forma de gerenciamento de riscos por meio de intervenções centradas na família, que contribuem para um processo de privatização das problemáticas sociais.
O trabalho de equipes interdisciplinares nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS)
Authors: Bezerra Eduardo Breno Nascimento , Silva Edil Ferreira da , Máximo Thaís Augusta Cunha de Oliveira , Melo Jéssika Sonaly Vasconcelos Barbosa de
Published: January 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a atividade de profissionais que compõem equipes interdisciplinares em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Especificamente, buscou-se evidenciar a dimensão coletiva que se consubstancia a partir do trabalho interdisciplinar realizado nessas instituições. Para tanto, os pressupostos da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e da Ergologia foram tomados como alicerce teórico dessa investigação. A pesquisa foi realizada com 19 profissionais que compõem equipes de três CAPS de um município de médio porte da Paraíba. Utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa com o uso das técnicas de observação e encontros coletivos de discussão sobre o trabalho. Os resultados apontaram que trabalhar em saúde mental na perspectiva psicossocial envolve situações diversas como as variabilidades da demanda, os tipos de usuários atendidos, os procedimentos realizados, o contato com as famílias e exigências como a necessidade de compartilhar atividades. Nesse sentido, a dimensão coletiva do trabalho interdisciplinar potencializa a gestão da atividade, entretanto parece ser fundamental o fortalecimento dos coletivos de trabalho com espaço grupal mais efetivo.
EXPEDIENTE - v18n1
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Tsallis Alexandra Cleopatre , Jacó Vilela Ana Maria , Mendes Deise Maria Leal Fernandes , Quadros Laura Cristina De Toledo , Valentim Renata Patrícia Forain de , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: January 2019

EXPEDIENTE - v18n1
‘Selfies’ helping the management of polytrauma
Authors: Djemal Serpil , Al-Kazemi Fatema , Aryafar Mohammadreza , Tomson Rachel
Published: January 2019

Effective management of traumatic dental injuries remains a challenge for clinicians worldwide. Ideally, treatment should be carried out as soon as possible to optimize patient comfort and wound healing. However, delays often happen for a variety of reasons and sometimes the appropriate skills are not readily available. A fit and well 22-year-old female patient was seen by her local hospital's A&E department after sustaining serious injuries. The avulsed upper left canine had been partially replanted, but was in the wrong position. Other displaced teeth had not been repositioned completely and were incorrectly splinted. She had been in constant pain and unable to eat properly when she was eventually seen at King's College Hospital, 12 days later. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed multiple extrusive and lateral luxation injuries, as well as a dento-alveolar fracture of both the upper and lower labial segments. The existing splint was removed and the displaced teeth and the avulsed canine tooth were repositioned and this was verified radiographically and compared to a patient photograph (a ‘selfie’) which she had taken, rather fortuitously, prior to her serious injury.

A new flexible splint was placed. Root canal treatment was initiated for the avulsed upper left canine tooth and endodontic treatment was eventually needed in all the injured teeth. In spite of the long delay, resolution of the symptoms and satisfactory healing was achieved and she was placed on annual recall. This case demonstrates that, even with very delayed presentation, the correct diagnosis and pragmatic management of severe traumatic dental injuries can still produce patient comfort and a reasonable prognosis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The main aim of this case report is to describe the management of a patient with very delayed presentation of multiple luxation injuries along with a dento-alveolar fracture and an avulsed tooth in a young adult helped by a photograph on her mobile phone.
Preventing and managing back problems amongst dental professionals in dental practice
Authors: Pilkington Richard J J
Published: January 2019

Occupational health problems in the dental setting have been highlighted in the past mainly focusing on cross infection and acquired illnesses, such as hepatitis B and HIV. Musculoskeletal problems have been documented over the years but little has been done to address them. This article highlights the potential problems that may arise if certain precautions are not taken into consideration. The main objectives are to make the dental professional aware that not looking after one's musculoskeletal health could result in premature retirement.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Simple measures such as ergonomic working with the correct use of dental equipment and conditioning of the body will hopefully aid the professional throughout his/her career.
Investigation on Growth of Oil Degrading Thermophilic Bacteria Isolated from Hot Spring
Authors: Ansari Iqbal , Kumar Ritesh , Sundararajan Muniyan , Maiti Deblina , Rather Mohd Ashraf , Ali Meemshad
Published: January 2019

Oil spills are one of the key concerns of oil industry. The main distress of environmental specialists is the hazard to the marine ecosystem, caused due to offshore oil spills. In the present study the oil degrading potential of isolated bacteria on different media composition was carried out. From the study, it has been found that oil degrading thermophilic bacteria are capable of degrading soyabean oil, olive oil, tween 20, glycerol and crude petroleum oil. The culture of thermophilic was performed in thermus agar media and it was observed from the experimental study that the growth of thermophilic bacteria was moderately good at the range of 50oC to 60oC and 60oC to 70oC but declines after 70oC; no growth was observed in the range of 25oC to 50oC. It has also detected that the decaying capability of the thermophilic bacteria in Olive oil is initially better than soyabean oil during first six hours culture afterward its performance is better in soyabean oil than Olive oil. The present study is of special environmental significance as it can be efficiently used for bioremediation of oil polluted water.
Examining Use of Sonic Bloom Technology on the Stomata Opening of Drought-Stressed Soybean
Authors: Pujiwati Istirochah , Guritno Bambang , Aini Nurul , Sakti Setyawan P.
Published: January 2019

Sonic bloom is a technology that combines high frequency sound waves and organic nutrients, intended for better plant growth to increase its productivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of sound wave frequency and drought stress on stomatal opening, nutrient uptake efficiency through leaf, and soybean yield. We designed the research as a split plot experiment. The main plot was sound wave frequency consisting of four levels (no frequency imposed, frequencies 2, 4 and 6 kHz. The sub-plot was three soil moisture contents (50,75, and 100% field capacity). We found that the interaction of frequency and soil moisture content affected the width of stomata at the age of 30,40 and 50 days after planting (dap), the efficiency of nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake and potassium uptake and the protein content of seeds. The width of stomatal opening at a frequency of 4 kHz in soil moisture 100% FC showed the highest value and was not significantly different from soil moisture 75% FC. There was a positive correlation between exposure to plants with a frequency of 4 kHz with stomatal opening, nutrient uptake and increased yield of soybean crops. The use of sonic bloom technology with plant exposure at a frequency of 4 kHz could increase drought tolerance to 75% soil moisture content. Soybean seed yield increased by 40.89% and seed protein content increased by 10.3%.
Antibacterial Activity of Piperine and Black Pepper Oil
Authors: Hikal Dalia M.
Published: January 2019

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is known as king of spices and it's sharp taste is due to the presence of piperine which is the main bioactive alkaloid in the fruit. In the present study both of piperine and black pepper oil in different concentrations evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (G+ coccoid shaped bacteria), Bacillus subtilis (G+ long spore forming bacteria), Salmonella sp and E.coli (G- short rod bacteria). The inhibition activity was measured by using agar well diffusion method. Piperine and black pepper oil showed antibacterial activity with all tested Gram positive bacteria with zones ranged from 8.23-18.1mm and 3.14-10.43,respectively. The results showed that piperine is an excellent antibacterial agent with all tested bacteria.
Biology of Cynthia cardui on Malva parviflora in the Cold Arid Soil of Kargil (J&K), India
Authors: Hussain Zakir
Published: January 2019

Ladakh region consists of two districts namely Kargil and Leh district. Kargil lies in the northern most part of Jammu and Kashmir and bestowed with meagre vegetation despite having a larger area of approx. 14086 km2. Various crops and medicinal herbs are obtained from the cold arid soils. Cynthia cardui an economically important pest found on Malva parviflora which feed voraciously on the leaves of the plant. Malva parviflora is a medicinal herb with antioxidant activities. An attempt is made for the first time to study the biology of Cynthia cardui in the cold desert of district Kargil. During study it was observed the larval stage exhibits the destructive phase. The different stages of larvae feed on the entire leaves and even the veins and the midribs of the leaf which resulted in skeletinization of the leaves and affect the growth and development of the herb.
Evaluation of Serum Status of Biochemical Indices of Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Rats Exposed to Warri River Levels of Pb and Other Identified Metallic Co Pollutants
Authors: Fadairo E. A. , Obi F.O.
Published: January 2019

This study investigated serum status of biochemical indicators of liver injury and oxidative stress in rats exposed to Warri River level of lead(Pb) alone and in the presence of metallic co-pollutants. A total of 55 albino rats (of Wistar strain) weighing an average of 150.00± 09.00g, divided into 11 groups were used for the study. Groups I and II represented the deionized and Pti borehole water controls, while groups III- XI represented the test rat groups orally treated with water containing laboratory reconstituted Warri River Pb level on one hand and in the presence of laboratory reconstituted identified metallic co-pollutants including Fe, Ca, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn via water on the other hand. The serum biochemical –hepatotoxic indices investigated were liver/body wt. ratios, body wt. change, lipid per oxidation products, plasma ALT and AST, plasma and liver alkaline phosphatase activities, plasma catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, plasma total and conjugated bilirubin level, plasma and urine glucose concentration, and plasma and urine total protein concentration. Our findings revealed an overall significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver/body wt ratios and body wt change , significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma ALT and AST activities, induced ALP and ACP activities, increase in SOD and catalase activities, increased plasma and urine bilirubin concentrations, decreased plasma and increased urine total protein concentrations, increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while plasma and urine glucose levels were elevated in the groups of rats exposed to Pb only, Pb + Cu, Pb + Fe and Pb + Zn, Pb + All metallic co-pollutants, and river water relative to their respective controls (deionized water and Pti tap water groups). There was a significant (P<0.05) reversal of the above parameters in the groups of rats exposed to Pb + Ca, Pb + Mn, Pb + Mg. There was also a difference in liver/weight ratio, body wt. change and all the other parameters evaluated in this study, between groups of rats treated with Warri river water relative to the laboratory reconstituted water, although the changes were not significant (P>0.05). Our findings revealed that, the presence of Ca, Mg and Mn in the river water significantly (P<0.05)) reversed the induced activities of ALT, AST, ACP and ALP by Pb and some identified metallic co pollutants like Cu, Fe and Zn. This study also revealed the possibility of significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase , plasma total and direct bilirubin and lipid per oxidation products of rats exposed to Warri River level of Pb in the presence of Ca, Mg and Mn relative to the Pb only group.
Phylogenetic Assessment of Garcinia Species Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Bheemaiah Madappa Machamada , Kushalappa Bopaiah Ajikuttira , Prabhakar Grace
Published: January 2019

The plants in the Garcinia species are economically important. Phylogenetic investigation is needed for these tree species to boost breeding and conservation programmes. Six Garcinia species were investigated for their phylogenetic relationship using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers. A standardised procedure was developed for isolation of DNA from the leaf samples of G. cambogia, G. indica, G. xanthochymus, G. morella, G. mangostana and G. livingstonei. Phylogenetic investigation is needed for these tree species to boost breeding and conservation programmes. A standardised procedure was developed for isolation of DNA from the leaf samples of G. cambogia, G. indica, G. xanthochymus, G. morella, G. mangostana and G. livingstonei. The DNA samples were subjected to PCR using 8 random primers. 269 polymorphic bands were obtained and scored to develop the values for the genetic distance. The dendrogram was developed using the software dendroUPGMA and the Cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.801 is obtained. G. cambogia and G. livingstonei are closely placed with a score of 24% followed by G. morella. It had a 30% index score to G. cambogia and G. livingstonei but is followed by just 31% score with G. indica. G.mangostana is connected at 33.5% dissimilarity to the above groups showing it is an introduced variety. G. xanthochymus is the last link with 37% score in the matrix. The data represented is the first of the type for the species. This will help in further DNA related work in these species. The genetic relatedness among these species is reported and this can be utilised in marker analysis for other Garcinia species.
Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Synthesis Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Hussien Adi M. Abdul , Ghanim Russel R. , Mohammad M. R.
Published: January 2019

Graphene based materials have wide potential applications in biology, biomedical, agriculture environmental and biotechnology. Graphene Oxide (GO) is one of those substances and has a promising material as antimicrobial agents. In this work, the GO nanosheets have been synthesized by novel, easy, and efficient technique is simplified Hummer's method. The spectral properties of the synthesis GO nanosheets were characterized by using Raman, FTIR, and UV-Vis techniques. The Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure number of layers (sheets), grain size, and to identify the ordered and disordered structure of GO nanosheets. Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the presence of the oxygen containing functional groups of the GO nanosheets. The Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum shows two peaks, one in the UV region and the other band in visible region. The purpose of this work is to inspect the antibacterial activities of GO nanosheets, which has been synthesized by this novel way (simplified Hummer's method). It was tested against two microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as model of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Bacteriological studies were achieved by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and cell viability analysis. The MIC showed the lowest concentration inhibits the bacterial growth of GO nanosheets, which is observed for E. coli was 125 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml for S. aureus. The cell viability analysis measured by florescent microscope has been confirmed the damage, which has been occurred on bacterial nucleic acid for the two types of bacteria.