bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A necroptotic-to-apoptotic signaling axis underlies inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Pang Jiyi , Al-Ani Aysha H. , Patel Komal M. , Young Samuel N. , Kong Isabella , Chen Jin-jin , Barrios Marilou , Rickard James A. , Chen Siqi , Foroughi Siavash , Cawthorne Wayne , Jacobsen Annette V. , Jois Asha , Weir Ashley L. , Whitehead Lachlan W. , Rajasekhar Pradeep , Horne Christopher R. , Azeez Imadh , Tan Tao , Liang Weiwei , Sivanesan Suresh , Metz Andrew , Patwardhan Ash , Shea Natalie , Iyngkaran Guru , Schneider Daniel , Elford Alexander T. , Beattie William , Macrae Finlay , Liccardi Gianmaria , Walczak Henning , Zhang Yuxia , Sieber Oliver M. , Spelman Tim , Giulino-Roth Lisa , Hawkins Edwin D. , Rogers Kelly L. , Bowden Rory , Nicholson Sandra E. , Lawlor Kate E. , Christensen Britt , Samson Andre L. , Vince James E. , Murphy James M.
Published: November 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition caused by altered cytokine signaling, maladaptive immunity, dysbiosis, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Patients with IBD receive therapy to correct these imbalances and achieve remission. However, most patients relapse, suggesting that pathological mechanisms persist during remission. Here, we show that excess epithelial cell death is an underlying feature of IBD that arises in patients in remission and on advanced therapy. Mechanistically, nascent inflammation reprograms epithelial cells into a macrophage-like state that promotes RIPK1-independent necroptotic signaling, then triggers iNOS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis of absorptive epithelial cells and PUMA-mediated intestinal stem cell death. These findings reveal aberrant epithelial cell death signaling as a hallmark of IBD that occurs early in mucosal lesion development and persists despite current therapeutic approaches.

One-Sentence Summary

Epithelial cell death is dysregulated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Diffusion Monte Carlo calculation of fully heavy pentaquarks
Authors: Gordillo M. C. , Segovia J. , Alcaraz-Pelegrina J. M.
Published: November 2024

Using a diffusion Monte Carlo algorithm, we calculated the spectra of all possible S-wave fully heavy pentaquarks within the framework of the quark model. Our aim was to compare the masses of different spin-color configurations corresponding to the same spatial wave function for each quark composition. In particular, we computed the masses of the configuration with the maximum number of undistinguishable quarks and those of all the possible baryon+meson splittings compatible with the total number of b’s and c’s for a given pentaquark. What we found was that, in all cases, compact baryon+meson configurations had lower masses than their more symmetric counterparts. Moreover, those “molecular” associations were unstable (with larger masses) that their infinitely separated noninteracting pieces except in the case of (ccb)(cb¯) and (bbc)(bc¯) pentaquarks. In any case, even for unstable arrangements, the excess masses are so small (∼20–60  MeV) as to make those compact molecular structures serious candidates to be experimentally detected.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Isospin violation effect and three-body decays of the
Tcc+
state
Authors: Sun Zhi-Feng , Li Ning , Liu Xiang
Published: November 2024

In this work, we make a study of the Tcc+ state observed by the LHCb collaboration in 2021. In obtaining the effective potentials using the one-boson-exchange potential model we use an exponential form factor and find that, in the short and medium range, the contributions of the π, ρ, and ω exchanges are comparable while in the long range the pion-exchange contribution is dominant. Based on the assumption that Tcc+ is a loosely bound state of D*D, we focus on its three-body decay using the meson-exchange method. Considering that the difference between the thresholds of D*+D0 and D*0D+ is even larger than the binding energy of Tcc+, the isospin-breaking effect is amplified by the small binding energy of Tcc+. Explicitly including such an isospin-breaking effect we obtain, by solving the Schrödinger equation, that the probability of the isoscalar component is about 91% while that of the isovector component is around 9% for Tcc+. Using the experimental value of the mass of Tcc+ as an input, we obtain the wave function of Tcc+ and further obtain its width via the three-body hadronic as well as the radiative decays. The total width we obtain is in agreement with the experimental value of the LHCb measurement with a unitarized Breit-Wigner profile. Conversely, the current results support the conclusion that Tcc+ is a hadronic molecule of D*D.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Complex scalar dark matter in a new gauged U(1) symmetry with kinetic and direct mixings
Authors: Su Yu-Hang , Cai Chengfeng , Zeng Yu-Pan , Zhang Hong-Hao
Published: November 2024

We propose a scalar dark matter model featuring a hidden gauge symmetry, denoted as U(1)X, with two complex scalars, Φ and S. In this framework, Φ spontaneously breaks the U(1)X gauge symmetry while S serves as a viable dark matter candidate. Particularly, the kinetic and direct mixings between the U(1)X and U(1)Y gauge groups provide a portal between dark matter and the Standard Model particles. These mixings offer a plausible explanation for the W boson mass anomaly observed by the Collider Detector at Fermilab Collaboration. We study the comprehensive phenomenological constraints of this model from colliders and dark matter detection experiments, including Z′ searches at the LHC, the 125 GeV Higgs boson measurements, the relic density of dark matter, and the indirect detection of dark matter annihilation. By randomly scanning the parameter space, we find that the regions where mZ′≳4750  GeV and mZ′≲4750  GeV for gx close to 1 remain viable and can be tested by future experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Liquid pinching dynamics in an inertial transitioning regime
Authors: Ismail A. Said , Taraki Nilofar
Published: November 2024

The pinching of a liquid filament at low viscosity, whether in air or liquid, shows a rich and interesting behavior. The liquid thread thins according to a capillary-inertial regime power law at the beginning, before transitioning into other regimes when approaching the pinching moment. Here we study the pinching of a pendant drop revealing the effect of internal and external viscosity on thread thinning. We show an inertial transitioning regime in which slower thinning happens by slightly increasing not only the droplet viscosity but also the viscosity of the surrounding liquid. The viscosity is found to reduce the filament neck axial velocity leading to a slower thinning. We derive a simple universal scaling law that can predict the thinning inertial prefactor value as a function of the neck axial velocity showing excellent agreement with numerical data. Finally, the breakup of satellite droplets is characterized given the defined thinning regimes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Three-dimensional higher-order saddle-point-induced flatbands in Co-based kagome metals
Authors: Tan Hengxin , Jiang Yiyang , McCandless Gregory T. , Chan Julia Y. , Yan Binghai
Published: November 2024

The saddle point (Van Hove singularity) exhibits a divergent density of states in two-dimensional systems, leading to fascinating phenomena such as strong correlations and unconventional superconductivity, yet it is seldom observed in three-dimensional (3D) systems. In this work we find two types of 3D higher-order saddle points (HOSPs) in emerging 3D kagome metals YbCo6Ge6 and MgCo6Ge6. Both HOSPs exhibit a singularity in their density of states, which is significantly enhanced compared to the ordinary saddle point. The HOSP near the Fermi energy generates a flatband extending a large area in the Brillouin zone, potentially amplifying the correlation effect and fostering electronic instabilities. Two types of HOSPs exhibit distinct robustness upon element substitution and lattice distortions in these kagome compounds. Our work paves the way for engineering exotic band structures, such as saddle points and flatbands, and exploring interesting phenomena in Co-based kagome materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transverse Thermoelectric Conversion in the Mixed-Dimensional Semimetal
WSi
2
Authors: Ohsumi Shoya , Sato Yoshiki J. , Okazaki Ryuji
Published: November 2024

Materials with axis-dependent conduction polarity are known as p×n-type or goniopolar conductors that can be used for transverse thermoelectric devices, allowing the longitudinal thermal current to be converted into the transverse electrical current. Here, we have performed experimental and computational studies on the transport properties of WSi2 single crystals, in which such axis-dependent conduction polarity of the thermopower and the Hall coefficient have recently been reported, and demonstrated the transverse thermoelectric effect by applying the temperature gradient in a direction rotated 45∘ from the crystallographic axis. We have observed strongly sample-dependent transport properties, which have also been observed in previous studies, and together with first-principles calculations we show that such sample-dependent transport properties originate from the band-dependent scattering rates of carriers. The calculated band-resolved Peltier conductivity shows that the mixed-dimensional electronic structure consisting of a quasi-one-dimensional electron Fermi surface and a quasi-two-dimensional hole surface is a key property for the axis-dependent conduction polarity. The directly obtained transverse thermoelectric figure of merit is comparable to that of the anomalous Nernst materials, implying that the present material is a potential candidate for transverse thermoelectric conversion.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Are discrete dimensions of corporate social responsibility disclosures global, regional or hybrid?
Authors: Sambharya Rakesh B.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We test whether six individual components of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in the form of environmental, employee, anticorruption, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), health and human rights are converging (global), diverging (regional) or crossverging (hybrid) on a sample of 335 multinational enterprises (MNEs) from 31 countries from three regions of the world: Europe, Anglo-Saxon cluster and Asia and the emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

We use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) analysis to test for differences between the six components of CSR on a sample of 335 MNEs from 310 countries for three regions of the world.

Findings

The effect of one-way ANOVA was significant for each of the six dependent variables separately on the differences between MNEs from the three regions. Taken together clearly the MANCOVA analysis indicates that there are signs of crossvergence between MNEs from Asia and the emerging markets and those from the Anglo-Saxon and European subsamples due to the hybrid nature of the findings.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the present study support the regional nature of CSR practices and disclosures and on many of the individual components CSR disclosures are a reflection of their home environments.

Originality/value

The study sheds light on the ongoing debate on whether CSR practices are converging, diverging or crossverging on a sample of 335 MNEs from the three regions of the world. Clear evidence of divergence was seen in that in all six dimensions of CSR, there were differences between MNEs from Europe and those from the Anglo-Saxon region reinforcing the implicit and explicit nature of the phenomena. There were significant differences between MNEs from Asia and emerging markets and Europe on four out of the six dimensions of CSR indicating mostly divergence. There were also significant differences between MNEs from Asia and emerging markets and those from the Anglo-Saxon region on three out of the six dimensions of CSR indicating the presence of divergence.
Energy transition governance in the ASEAN: current status and future prospects
Authors: Johnstone Injy
Published: November 2024

Purpose

A study of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states’ (AMS) norm entrepreneurial practices regarding the energy transition to reveal insights into its current and future governance.

Design/methodology/approach

Understanding why the notion of an energy transition has garnered support, and importantly, knowing what this means for the future requires reviewing the forces of norm entrepreneurship at play. By adopting a constructivist lens, this article undertakes a comparative analysis of the “modes of transmission” of the energy transition amongst AMS.

Findings

ASEAN nations have in many respects been at the vanguard of the energy transition. Yet the governments themselves demonstrate both norm entrepreneurial and antipreneurial characteristics. Notwithstanding this mix, there are extant opportunities for “intraconnection” – in the form of cooperation between AMS and “interconnection” – in the form of cooperation between AMS and other state and non-state actors.

Practical implications

This article underscores the importance of partnerships in the energy transition: both in enabling AMS to meet their respective nationally determined contributions (NDCs) but also crucially in catalysing action amongst a broader swathe of countries.

Originality/value

Applying the lens of norm entrepreneurship to the ASEAN context, including introducing novel conceptions of “conductive” practices that drive the energy transition and “resistive” practices that slow it down.
Bridging the implementation gap for climate mitigation in ASEAN: a comprehensive capacity-building framework
Authors: Gui Emi Minghui , Overland Indra , Suryadi Beni , Yurnaidi Zulfikar
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The paper systematically examines the capacity building needs of energy and climate stakeholders in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It looks at conditions and opportunities for improvements in institutional, organisational, technological, innovation and financing capacities. This paper provides a guide to concrete capacity building programs and implementations to accelerate the implementation of National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and low-carbon energy transition in the ASEAN region.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a comprehensive capacity-building framework, drawing on transition management theory and the interactive systems framework for capacity building. The assessment is based on interviews with representatives of the ministry responsible for energy policy and the ministry responsible for climate policy in each ASEAN country, as well as a survey among a broader set of Southeast Asian energy and climate experts from academia, think tanks and international development partners.

Findings

The paper identifies the priority areas for capacity building for each ASEAN country and the region as a whole. Each country has a unique set of needs and priorities. At the regional level, the widest capacity gaps were observed in institutional capacity, technical capacity, human resources capacity, financing capacity and the capacity to develop policy and legislation. Specific gaps for capacity building are discussed in delivering strategic areas of energy transition, such as electrification of transportation, development of the green supply chain, deploying renewable energy, energy efficiency, strengthening finance and investment and reducing dependencies on fossil fuels.

Originality/value

This paper helps fill the gap for detailed capacity needs analysis and facilitates long-term plans/strategies and their implementation. The insights help to increase ASEAN energy and climate stakeholders’ understanding of the interaction between energy and climate, therefore enhanced capability in developing more effective action maps and intervention points in achieving NDCs and sustainable development goals.
Servitization in the construction industry: a multiple case study from a value-adding perspective
Authors: Li Huimin , Zhao Zhichao , Cao Yongchao , Su Limin , Zhang Yafei , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the urgent need for transformation and upgrading in the construction industry amid the accelerating industrialization process. The focus is on understanding how value-added for construction enterprises can be achieved through servitization.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded in the perspective of added value of construction enterprises, this paper uses a multicase analysis method, selecting four internationally renowned construction enterprises as the research subjects. The analysis investigates how these case study enterprises transition toward servitization and explores the trends in servitization in construction.

Findings

The research results indicate that servitization manifests in two aspects: contractor transition to servitization, and the shift of the construction industry toward integrated delivery. Furthermore, servitization in construction can achieve value-adding through three pathways: increasing product value, creating market demand and providing customized services.

Originality/value

This study contributes by providing insights into the manifestations of servitization and pathways for value-added. It provides a reference for the overall direction and basic strategy of servitization in construction.
Can indigenous peasants of Central Kalimantan live viably while conserving their forest lands?
Authors: Wibowo Wahyudi , Jagau Yanedi , Christianto Standy , Sulang Kusni
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of a community-based non-timber forest products (NTFP) enterprise, or CBNE, within the indigenous peasant communities in Manuhing Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. This includes assessing the potential for generating featured agricultural products from the region.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a descriptive qualitative study that integrates ethnographic methods into the SLA analysis, to investigate the feasibility of a CBNE approach within an indigenous peasant community. A number of 13 peasant groups, which comprise 251 members, from the seven villages in Manuhing Raya participated in the study.

Findings

The CBNE approach, when combined with One Village One Product method, is considered appropriate for the determination of featured agricultural products in a local community. In addition, the SLA analysis in this study contributes to identifying vulnerable aspects of CBNE development in the local communities, including weaknesses in social cohesion, leadership and entrepreneurial orientation.

Research limitations/implications

Efforts to preserve the rainforest lands in Central Kalimantan cannot be excluded from the involvement of the local peasant communities. The best livelihood strategy in this case is to adopt a CBNE approach. This shall be made possible by empowering the peasant communities to revive their local wisdom of Upun Pambelum, which means forest lands are their primary resources for life.

Practical implications

This study highlights the importance of using ethnographic investigation prior to the implementation of a CBNE development.

Originality/value

The implementation of the CBNE approach should take into account socioeconomic aspects of the local community, especially the presence of social cohesion, leadership roles and entrepreneurial orientations. In addition, the study demonstrates the potential of integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern business models in CBNEs.
Value tensions and actionable knowledge in grassroots innovation: a study of invitational ambiguity and implementation challenges
Authors: Esposito Gabriella , De Bernardi Paola , Bertello Alberto , Vrontis Demetris
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research paper explores how grassroots innovation initiatives address and resolve the challenges of translating broad and inviting values such as sustainability, inclusiveness and aesthetics into practical and actionable structures. This study examines the tensions and difficulties projects face in operationalizing these values, revealing the gap between idealistic goals and real-world implementation. Moreover, this paper analyzes how role expectations and the concept of invitation ambiguity affect top down and bottom up approaches, offering insights for improving mechanisms to support grassroots innovations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses an exploratory qualitative methodology with an embedded case study design, focusing on the New European Bauhaus (NEB) and its award-winning projects. Data were collected through online self-assessment surveys, secondary data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with project owners and NEB Unit representatives.

Findings

The findings reveal significant challenges in translating broad and inviting values (sustainability, inclusion and aesthetics) into actionable outcomes for grassroots projects. Key issues include the need for clearer role definitions, tailored support, and adaptability. Conflicts between those values and a mismatch between expectations about stakeholders’ contributions highlight the need for designing more flexible and robust frameworks and robust frameworks.

Originality/value

This research explores the effects of invitational ambiguity within grassroots innovation, revealing how broad values ‐ like sustainability, inclusion and aesthetics ‐ are operationalized in real-world settings. By applying collective action theoretical frameworks to the unique case study of NEB projects, this study provides fresh insights into the dynamics between top-down European policies and bottom-up grassroots practices.
The Public Records (Scotland) Act 2011: creating a culture that values public records
Authors: Hagan Hugh Patrick
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The Public Records (Scotland) Act 2011, implemented in January 2013, celebrated its 10th anniversary this year. This case study aims to examine the implementation of the Act. The Act was born out of the “Historical Abuse Systemic Review: Residential Schools and Children’s Homes in Scotland 1950–1995”, published in 2007. This review identified problems for care leavers and abuse survivors attempting to trace records about themselves, family members or medical issues. It demonstrated an urgent need to take action to preserve historical records and protect the information rights of Scottish citizens, particularly those of the most vulnerable. Scottish Ministers wanted the Act not just to regulate recordkeeping but to change the culture of recordkeeping. Is it doing this?

Design/methodology/approach

The Act’s guiding principle is continuous improvement. It does not presume records management perfection from public authorities but requires that they assess their arrangements, identify gaps in provision and deliver a commitment to close these gaps over time. This case study draws on the Keeper of the Records of Scotland’s strategy of affecting change through compliance, engagement and advocacy. We can evidence the impact of the legislation through the various tools created to support its administration: scrutiny mechanisms and statutory penalty embedded in the Act; evidence-based compliance under a “Records Management Plan” (RMP); stakeholder surgeries and conferences that address challenges, examine failings, learn from and share successes and explore development opportunities; Progress Update Review mechanism: a self-assessment tool from which we draw evidence of progress or lapses; and webinars and surveys to remain alert to stakeholder issues. Our engagement provides the qualitative and quantitative data required to accurately update Scottish Ministers.

Findings

Undeniably, the Act is making a difference. It has transformed the recordkeeping landscape in Scotland over the past decade. The legislation has given the Keeper of the Records of Scotland influence and has acted as a national lever for change. For example, an authority employing a records manager and establishing a support unit as a consequence of our address to its Board; and the NHS Scotland Records Management Group, established as a consequence of the Act, now advises NHS senior management.

Originality/value

There is no doubt about progress on the ground. However, because of the fiscal problems of the 2008 financial crisis, Brexit, COVID and the current cost-of-living crisis, public authority finances are extremely strained. What does this mean for Scottish Ministers’ ambition to change the culture of recordkeeping? What are the challenges for the next decade? Good recordkeeping is not only about efficiencies but about accountable, trustworthy and transparent government. Can the Act meet these challenges?
Multi-material bronze-steel plain bearings produced by laser-directed energy deposition
Authors: Perini Matteo , Silvestri Alessia Teresa
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to manufacture bimetallic bearings by achieving a sound deposition of bronze. Indeed, systems with rotating components use parts that reduce friction by allowing them to rotate freely. This is typically achieved with either rolling bearings or plain bearings. The last ones are usually made of self-lubricating materials, which may not excel in mechanical properties. An interesting alternative lies in bimetallic brass bearings, like bronze-steel combinations. However, they are limited in terms of available shapes and sizes due to challenges associated with the conventional manufacturing process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study addresses the problems of mechanical weakness and production limitations of conventional brass bearings by introducing the use of Hybrid Manufacturing techniques: Laser Directed Energy Deposition technology in combination with five-axis milling. Specifically, Cu89Sn11 was deposited on a C45 substrate by varying the number of layers, and based on the results obtained, two kinds of bimetallic bearings were produced.

Findings

The results of the one, two and five-layers samples indicate a sound deposition of Cu89Sn11, without defects such as detachments, cracks or porosities. The microhardness profile shows a decreasing trend from the substrate to the deposition zones. Bending and adhesion tests confirmed the excellent material bonding. Five-layers of Bronze were deposited on a C45 substrate to fabricate hemispherical and flat-face bearings.

Originality/value

This study validates the feasibility of expanding the new class of 3D-printed high-performance materials, highlighting the advantages of additive manufacturing technologies, such as the design and material mixing freedom, by manufacturing two kinds of bimetallic bearings.
Modelling of critical success factors to improve the supply chain resilience for sustainable construction sector
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Dixit Anuj , Ashish Deepankar Kumar
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The construction industry has an intricate and constantly evolving supply chain (SC) that includes multiple stakeholders and processes. Enhancing SC resilience (SCR) is essential for promoting industry expansion and competitiveness. The SCR has attracted considerable interest because of the increasing worldwide challenges and threats facing SCs. This study introduces a conceptual framework for recognizing and classifying resilient supply chains’ critical success factors (CSFs) in sustainable construction.

Design/methodology/approach

This research employs a sequential mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Initially, an extensive literature review and expert consultations were conducted to identify potential CSFs. The fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method was then applied to classify these CSFs into cause-and-effect groups. To further analyse the interrelationships among the CSFs, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) was utilised, establishing a hierarchical framework. This integrated methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of the CSFs’ relative importance and their driving and dependence power, facilitating targeted interventions for enhancing supply chain resilience in the construction sector.

Findings

This integrated methodology establishes a hierarchical ranking of CSFs across five levels by revealing their causal interrelationships. The study addresses crucial SCR issues and provides actionable insights. The 17 finalized CSFs have 12 causal and five effect factors. The “safety measures and guidelines” have the highest driving potential, whereas the “availability of standardized materials/equipment” and “skilled human resources” depend highly on causal CSFs. The findings will offer a detailed perspective to narrow the gap between unsustainability and sustainability by enhancing the resilience of CSC.

Practical implications

It offers a pragmatic framework for allocating resources and efforts to enhance the resilience of construction supply chains (CSCs). Policymakers can also use this study to create a more resilient SC for sustainable construction.

Originality/value

This study uniquely identifies and evaluates CSFs for SCR in the construction industry, providing a novel analysis of their driving power, dependence power and ranking. No previous studies have demonstrated such a comprehensive evaluation.
Woven: the intersections of disability and doctoral study, and the lives of students who navigate these intersections
Authors: Brown Kim , Sanderson Lara , Spronken-Smith Rachel , Cameron Claire
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the experiences of disabled doctoral students at one Aotearoa New Zealand University, identifying barriers to accessibility and meaningful participation, and enabling practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This research was underpinned by the social model of disability and used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. A survey comprising closed and freeform questions was distributed to all doctoral students. From the 64 respondents, 12 also took part in an unstructured, narrative interview. Data were analysed using a combination of methods: descriptive statistics, thematic analysis and poetic inquiry.

Findings

Findings are presented mainly as data poetry. The poems centre on complexities faced by disabled doctoral students, and articulate challenges, enabling practices and possibilities for the future encountered by students in this study. Findings are additionally supported with quotes from narrative interviews, open-ended survey questions and descriptive data analysis.

Originality/value

The poetic inquiry approach gives voice to the collective experiences of disabled students. The poetic texts bear witness to the intersections of disability, impairment, chronic illness, neurodiversity and doctoral study, and the lives of students who navigate these intersections. These poems voice and seek to be lightning-rods for social change.
Levels of mandatory CSR compliance and the payoff: evidence from India
Authors: Iqbal Ubais Parayil , Mathew Jose Sobhith , Daniel Tilda Mary
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the diverse levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure among Indian companies and its influence on their performance. The study aims to determine whether exceeding the mandatory CSR spending limit provides an edge to companies that outperform in enhancing corporate firm value.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic model using system generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to analyze a balanced panel data set of 191 firms over seven years, spanning from 2016 to 2022. Return on assets was used as a proxy to gauge financial performance. At the same time, the study also examined the robustness of the results by considering return on equity and Tobin’s Q as additional measures.

Findings

The study results indicate that, in a mandatory CSR setting, all companies are generally perceived as performing and reporting on CSR equally. Hence, it will not make any payoff, although few companies outperform. Therefore, companies should differentiate themselves regarding CSR spending and reporting to claim a competitive advantage in the market. The study also suggests that the payoff of mandatory CSR expenditure for both performing and outperforming companies is reflected more in non-quantifiable firm characteristics than in measurable performance metrics.

Research limitations/implications

The period of study covers 7 years, i.e. 2015–2016 to 2022–2023. This may limit capturing long-term CSR practices and firm performance trends. Additionally, data from only 191 Indian companies restrict generalizability; future research should include diverse geographic regions with mandated CSR spending to provide a more comprehensive view. In subsequent studies, contextual factors like regulatory changes and macroeconomic conditions could be considered moderating variables.

Practical implications

The study provides valuable insights to top management, indicating that spending beyond the threshold limit of mandatory CSR spending does not enhance corporate firm value. Instead, this additional investment may yield benefits in the form of goodwill and reputation over the long term.

Social implications

This study assists corporations in optimizing their CSR strategies to enhance their social and financial performance impact. Moreover, the study suggests ways to improve the CSR payoff and the need for increasing stakeholder satisfaction.

Originality/value

The study provides original insights into the relationship between mandatory CSR spending and firm performance in the Indian context, revealing that CSR spending does not significantly impact financial metrics, and it highlights the importance of considering a non-quantitative matrix to enhance the firm value in a mandatory CSR setting.
Strategies to support mental health within a primary school setting
Authors: Whitley Daniel
Published: November 2024

This article explores an insight into different teaching strategies implemented within two educational settings in year 1 classrooms. Since the Coronavirus pandemic, evidence states that children's mental health is declining highlighting the need to teach children how to gain a positive mindset. This article shall reflect on my practice, which used different self‐regulation strategies to improve a child's emotional intelligence and transfer their knowledge into real‐life practice. It shall reflect on the three primary methods I implemented into my year 1 classroom to create a safe learning environment: Self‐regulation, brain breaks and calm corners. These methods were implemented in two different year 1 classrooms across two different academic years. These strategies were embedded and adapted throughout the whole year, yet this article shall reflect on the evidence of the Autumn term in each academic year. The same strategies were implemented in both academic years to compare these strategies in two different educational settings. The Autumn term was chosen as the reflection period due to the transition from EYFS to Year 1 being a key factor in most children's mental health at that age.
Synergistic mechanisms of humic acid and biomineralization in cadmium remediation using Lysinibacillus fusiformis
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhu Yaqi , Achal Varenyam
Published: November 2024

Heavy metal pollution, particularly cadmium, poses severe environmental and health risks due to its high toxicity and mobility, necessitating effective remediation strategies. While both microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and humic acid adsorption are promising methods for heavy metal mitigation, their combined effects, particularly the influence of humic acid on the MICP process, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study explores the interaction between humic acid and MICP, revealing that humic acid significantly inhibits the MICP process by reducing urease activity, with the 10% humic acid treatment resulting in a 23.8% reduction in urease activity compared to the control. Additionally, while higher concentrations of humic acid did not significantly reduce cadmium ion concentrations, they did result in a slight increase in organically bound cadmium, indicating an interaction that could alter metal speciation in the soil. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms by which humic acid affects MICP, offering a foundation for optimizing combined remediation approaches. Future research should aim to fine‐tune the balance between MICP and humic acid to enhance the overall efficiency of cadmium remediation strategies. This study contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable methods for addressing cadmium contamination.
Wolbachia in Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates: Absent or undiscovered?
Authors: Serga Svitlana , Kovalenko Pavlo A. , Maistrenko Oleksandr M. , Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Shevchenko Oleksandra , Iakovenko Nataliia , Protsenko Yurii , Susulovsky Andrij , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Pavlovska Mariia , Convey Peter , Kozeretska Iryna
Published: November 2024

Interactions between a host organism and its associated microbiota, including symbiotic bacteria, play a crucial role in host adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Antarctica provides a unique environment for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. One of the most extensively studied symbiotic bacteria in invertebrates is Wolbachia pipientis, which is associated with a wide variety of invertebrates. Wolbachia is known for manipulating host reproduction and having obligate or facultative mutualistic relationships with various hosts. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of the prevalence of Wolbachia in terrestrial invertebrates in Antarctica. We present the outcomes of a literature search for information on the occurrence of Wolbachia in each of the major taxonomic groups of terrestrial invertebrates (Acari, Collembola, Diptera, Rotifera, Nematoda, Tardigrada). We also performed profiling of prokaryotes based on three marker genes and Kraken2 in available whole genome sequence data obtained from Antarctic invertebrate samples. We found no reports or molecular evidence of Wolbachia in these invertebrate groups in Antarctica. We discuss possible reasons underlying this apparent absence and suggest opportunities for more targeted future research to confirm bacteria's presence or absence.
Using unmanned aerial vehicles to estimate body volume at scale for ecological monitoring
Authors: Stone Thomas C. , Davis Katrina J.
Published: November 2024

Demographic data are essential to construct mechanistic models to understand how populations change over time and in response to global threats like climate change. Existing demographic data are either lacking or insufficient for many species, particularly those that are challenging to obtain direct measurements from that can be used to estimate demographic rates, like marine mammals. A method for collecting accurate demographic data to construct robust demographic models at scale would fill this knowledge gap for difficult‐to‐access species.

We introduce a novel, non‐invasive method to estimate the 3D body size (volume) of pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and walruses) that will allow monitoring at high spatial and temporal scales. Our method integrates 3D structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry data collected via planned flight missions using off‐the‐shelf, multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We apply and validate this method on the grey seal Halichoerus grypus, a pinniped species that spends much of its time at sea but is predictably observable during its annual breeding season. We investigate the optimal ground sampling distance (GSD) for surveys by calculating the success rates and accuracy of volume estimates of individuals at different altitudes.

Based on current technology, we establish an optimal GSD of at least 0.8 cm px−1 for animals similar in size to UK grey seals (~1.2–2.5 m length), making our method reproducible and applicable to other species. We found volume estimates were accurate and could be successfully estimated for up to 68% of hauled‐out seals in study areas.

Our method accurately estimates individual body volume of pinnipeds in a time‐ and cost‐effective manner while minimising disturbance. While the approach is applied to pinnipeds here, the method could be adapted to further taxa that are otherwise challenging to obtain direct measurements from. Our proposed approach therefore has the potential to fill demographic research gaps, which will improve our ability to protect and conserve species into the future.
Multi‐domain predictors of grip strength differentiate individuals with and without alcohol use disorder
Authors: Paschali Magdalini , Zhao Qingyu , Sassoon Stephanie A. , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Pohl Kilian M.
Published: November 2024

Grip strength is considered one of the simplest and reliable indices of general health. Although motor ability and strength are commonly affected in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD), factors predictive of grip strength decline in AUD have not been investigated. Here, we employed a data‐driven analysis predicting grip strength from measurements in 53 controls and 110 AUD participants, 53 of whom were comorbid with HIV infection. Controls and AUD were matched on sex, age, and body mass index. Measurements included commonly available metrics of brain structure, neuropsychological functioning, behavioural status, haematological and health status, and demographics. Based on 5‐fold stratified cross‐validation, a machine learning approach predicted grip strength separately for each cohort. The strongest (top 10%) predictors of grip were then tested against grip strength with correlational analysis. Leading grip strength predictors for both cohorts were cerebellar volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Predictors specific to controls were Backwards Digit Span, precentral gyrus volume, diastolic blood pressure, and mean platelet volume, which together significantly predicted grip strength (R2 = 0.255, p = 0.001). Unique predictors for AUD were comorbidity for HIV infection, social functioning, insular volume, and platelet count, which together significantly predicted grip strength (R2 = 0.162, p = 0.002). These cohort‐specific predictors were doubly dissociated. Salient predictors of grip strength differed by diagnosis with only modest overlap. The constellation of cohort‐specific predictive measurements of compromised grip strength provides insight into brain, behavioural, and physiological factors that may signal subtly affected yet treatable processes of physical decline and frailty.
Methotrexate and cytarabine in adult LCH: High risk, high reward and maintenance free?
Authors: Abeykoon Jithma P. , Go Ronald S. , Azoulay Levi‐Dan , Haroche Julien
Published: November 2024

Lin et al. report the long‐term follow‐up of a phase II trial involving 95 adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), investigating the combination of methotrexate and cytarabine (MA). After a median follow‐up of 6.5 years, the study showed high response rates, with 90% overall response; 55% of patients free from an event such as disease progression, poor response or death; and 93% of patients were alive, though nearly half experienced febrile neutropenia. This prospective study helps fill gaps in understanding adult LCH treatment, indicating that fixed‐duration chemotherapy can yield durable responses despite its associated risks. It emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment decisions, considering both fixed‐duration chemotherapy and continuous targeted agents based on patient and disease‐specific factors.

Commentary on: Lin et al. Long term follow‐up of methotrexate and cytarabine in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:576‐584.
The role of surface and structural similarities in the retrieval of realistic perceptual events
Authors: Raynal Lucas , Clément Evelyne , Sander Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

This study investigated whether structural similarities (i.e. abstract frames, e.g. once bitten twice shy) can prevail over surface similarities (i.e. contexts, e.g. restaurant) in driving the retrieval of realistic events involving dynamic, multimodal and perceptually crowded data. After watching an initial set of video clips, participants had to indicate whether a new video clip, that shared surface similarities with an initial event and structural similarities with another one, elicited a retrieval. The results of Experiment 1A showed that retrieval was more likely to be elicited by structural rather than by surface similarities. Experiment 1B confirmed that the surface similarities manipulated in this study were strong enough to elicit substantial retrievals when the competing structural match was neutralized. The pattern of results obtained in Experiment 1A remained unchanged when the number of unrelated video clips within the initial set was increased. The findings suggest that structurally based retrievals still prevail when familiar structures underlie realistic perceptual events. They open new perspectives regarding the settings that promote structurally based retrievals in educational contexts where unfamiliar principles are introduced.
EndoSheath use in flexible cystoscopy: a prospective evaluation of >1000 cases
Authors: Ratcliffe Lara , Birch Brian
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate patient tolerability and safety (using urinary tract infection (UTI) as a proxy measure) following EndoSheath‐assisted flexible cystoscopy (eFC). EndoSheaths are single‐use, disposable sheaths used in FC. They reduce cystoscope turnaround times as complicated, time‐consuming and costly sterilisation is no longer necessary. This reduces patient waiting times as cystoscope idle time, the most common rate limiting step, is reduced.

Patients and Methods

All adult patients undergoing eFC over a 26‐month period at a single institution were evaluated prospectively. Post‐eFC, participants rated discomfort on a visual analogue scale (discomfort 1 = none, 2–4 = mild, 5–7 = moderate, 8–10 = severe). The diagnosis of UTI was broad and based on any one of patient self‐report, positive urine culture or antibiotic prescription within 30 days of eFC. Data were analysed using chi‐squared testing (P < 0.05, two‐tailed).

Results

Of the 1091 eFCs analysed, 33.2% and 48.2% of were ranked as causing no or mild discomfort, respectively, with just 3.1% ranked severe. Discomfort was greater in younger participants but similar between sexes. Overall, post‐eFC UTI incidence was 13.3%, with rates higher in females (18.1%) than males (11.2%). Participants aged ≥65 years reported a higher UTI rate (15.4%) than those aged <65 years (8.8%). No participants developed urosepsis.

Conclusion

This large, prospective, unselected, real‐world study reports that eFC is well tolerated. UTI was higher in females than males, and in those aged ≥65 years, in line with other studies using the same broad based diagnostic criteria for UTI. The conclusion is that eFC is both well tolerated and safe.