bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Root Enrichment of Bacteria is Consistent Across Different Stress-Resistant Plant Species
Authors: Huang Feng , Zhu Congyi , Huang Minli
Published: January 2022

Bacteria, inhabiting around and in the plant root, confer many beneficial traits to plant growth and health. From the plant part, the secretion of root exudates modulates the nutritional state of the rhizosphere and root area, further selects specific bacteria taxa and structures the bacteria communities within the area. Many studies of the rhizosphere effects have demonstrated that the selection by the plant rhizosphere consistently enriches a set of bacteria phyla and genera, and is conserved across different plant species. Even though the root selection effects are considered stricter to the rhizosphere, their studies are still limited. Here, we focus on the root selection effects across a group of 11 stress-resistant plant species. We found that the root selection consistently reduced the alpha diversity (represented by observed species, shannon diversity, and phylogenetic diversity) and altered the structure and composition of bacteria communities. Furthermore, the root selection tended to enrich the species of a cluster of bacterial genera including Pantoea, Akkermansia, Blautia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Novosphingobium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. Our study offers some basic knowledge to the understanding of the microbial ecology of the plant root, and suggests that several bacteria genera are of interests in future studies.
Benefit of Exercise PLWHA for Side Effect ARV Medicine in the Cakap Turen Foundation, Malang Regency
Authors: sasono Tri nurhudi
Published: January 2022

HIV / AIDS is a disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus which lowers immunity by infecting and damaging the human immune system. Exercise can increase the expectation and quality of life of PLWHA. The health condition of PLWHA is influenced by exercise. The purpose of this study was to benefit that exercise for people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) ARV medecine consumtion. The design of this research is analytic observational with approach cross sectional. The sample used technique purposive sampling at NGO CAKAP Turen as many as 30 respondents. Retrieval of data using-based questionnaires online via google form. The statistical test is using correlations analysis. The results show that there is Chi-Square test results obtained p value (Sig) 0.0160 < α value 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between exercise of PLWHA in side effect ARV medicine. Based on these statistical results, it can be concluded that the factors that influence exercise are side effect ARV medecine.
Dynamics Analysis of Memristor Chaotic Circuit with Coexisting Hidden Attractors
Authors: Guo Mei , Zhao Kaixuan , Liu Jiandong , Ma Xinjie , Duan Huaying , Dou Gang
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a novel Sr 0.97 Ba 0.03 TiO 3-δ memristor-based fifth-order chaotic circuit was proposed. A new cubic nonlinear magnetic control model was established by analyzing the measured data. The equilibrium points and its stability of the circuit system were analyzed by the Jacobi matrix method, and the effects of the initial states and circuit parameters on the system were discussed though methods of Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams, phase diagrams, and poincaré maps. The results show that the chaotic circuit can produce complex dynamic phenomena with the variation of initial states and circuit parameters. The dynamic phenomena such as coexisting attractors have been discovered. In particular, coexisting hidden attractors were generated in the chaotic circuit, which was of great significance in engineering applications.
Blockchain-based Multi-skill Mobile Crowdsourcing Services
Authors: XU Weize , Duan Hongyue , Huang Jie , Liu Deyong , Chen Yichao
Published: January 2022

With the boom in 5G technology, mobile spatial crowdsourcing has shown great dynamism in industrial mobile communications and edge computing node management. But the traditional crowdsourcing system is not enough to adapt to the new environment. In traditional crowdsourcing, the crowdsourcing process is usually managed through a centralized crowdsourcing platform. The centralized crowdsourcing platform faces the following problems: 1) Single point of failure. 2) User privacy leakage. 3) Subjective arbitration. 4) Additional service fee. 5) The task assignment process is not transparent. To solve those problems, this paper uses a decentralized blockchain to replace the centralized crowdsourcing platform, thereby realizing a decentralized crowdsourcing system. And we analyzed the problems faced by multi-skilled spatial crowdsourcing tasks in the blockchain crowdsourcing system. In addition, a crowdsourcing task allocation algorithm is proposed, which realized the transparent task distribution process and adapts to the computing-constrained environment on the blockchain. Compared with the TSWCrowd blockchain-based crowdsourcing model, our system has a higher task allocation rate under the same conditions. And the experimental result shows our system has good economic feasibility, which decentralizes the crowdsourcing process and significantly reduces the additional consumption of the crowd-sourcing process.
Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Portal Vein Ligation Prior to Major Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yusheng , Wang Yan , Bao Shiyun , Wu Tianchong , Liu Linsen , Wang Yawei , An Tailai , Bi Jiangang
Published: January 2022

Background: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated to have an inadequate future liver remnant (FLR) on preoperative volumetric assessment are potential candidates for laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL). Previous studies have reported that for patients with hepatic malignancies, laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) is efficient in increasing FLR, which, however, has not been solely reported in HCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficiency of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for patients with HCC. Methods: Clinical information of HCC patients who had undergone laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) at our center was retrospectively reviewed and documented. Demographic, radiographic, clinical and volumetric details (both before and after LPVL) were retrieved to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for HCC. Results: Between April 2020 and December 2021, there were a total of 10 HCC patients undergoing LPVL as a preparation for subsequent major hepatectomy at our center. The mean age of these 10 patients was 61.30±8.83 years old. Of these 10 patients, 9 were male and only 1 was female. 9 patients underwent laparoscopic ligation of the right portal vein and one the left portal vein. All the patients, left or right portal veins were ligated by clips. After LPVL, the mean volume increased from 433.16±103.64 ml to 550.62±123.19 ml (P＜0.001）. All the 10 patients had adequate hypertrophy of FLR and subsequent major hepatectomy was performed as scheduled. No LPVL-associated complications were recorded. Conclusion: LPVL is both feasible and could be safely performed. For carefully selected patients, LPVL could be considered as a safe and feasible alternative to portal vein embolization (PVE) given the rather low complication rate and high efficiency of LPVL.
The Experience of Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Following Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Funamizu Naotake , Mineta Sho , Ozaki Takahiro , Mishima Kohei , Igarashi Kazuharu , Omura Kenji , Takada Yasutsugu , Wakabayashi Go
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThere are no reports of robot-assisted laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (R-TAPP) for the patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). AimTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of R-TAPP in patients who underwent RALP for postprostatectomy inguinal hernia (PIH).MethodsThis is a prospective, single-center retrospective cohort study. R-TAPP was conducted in 74 consecutive patients from September 2016 to March 2020. Except for women and patients who underwent previous abdominal surgery, 70 patients were classified into two groups based on the absence or presence of PIH (PIH group or non-PIH group). The data were retrospectively compared to those who had not undergone RALP.ResultsSeventy patients were reviewed. Among them, 22.9% had previously undergone RALP. We identified 22 lesions in 16 patients (unilateral in 10; bilateral in 6) in the PIH group, and 67 lesions in 54 patients (unilateral in 41; bilateral in 13) in the non-PIH group. The PIH group showed a longer median operation time compared to the non-PIH group. However, postoperative complications—including seroma formation, hematoma, and surgical site infections—were not significantly different between the groups. There were no recorded vascular, bladder, or spermatic cord injuries in either group. There was no conversion to laparoscopic or open surgery in either group. The estimated blood loss was small, and hospitalization duration was one day in all cases. Moreover, there were no hernia recurrences within the 90-day follow-up period in either group.ConclusionR-TAPP seem to be a feasible and safe approach for inguinal hernia repair, even in patients who underwent RALP for prostate cancer.
Antibiotic dispensing practices during COVID-19 and implications for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Parallel mystery client studies in Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Olamijuwon Emmanuel , Konje Eveline , Kansiime Catherine , Kesby Mike , Keenan Katherine , Neema Stella , Asiimwe Benon , Mshana Stephen E. , Mushi Martha F. , Loza Olga , Sunday Benjamin , Sandeman Alison , Sloan Derek J. , Benitez-Paez Fernando , Mwanga Joseph R. , Sabiiti Wilber , Holden Matthew T. G. , Bazira Joel , Muhumuza Christine , Muhwezi Ivan , Fredricks Kathryn Jean
Published: January 2022

Background: Over-the-counter antibiotic access is common in low-and-middle-income countries, including Tanzania and Uganda, and this may accelerate antimicrobial resistance. Our study explores critical aspects of the drug seller-client interaction and antibiotic dispensing patterns for simulated COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic in two study sites in countries with different government responses to the pandemic.Methods: Research assistants posing as clients approached different types of drug sellers such as pharmacies (Pharms), drug shops (DSs), and accredited drug dispensing outlets (ADDOs) in Mwanza, Tanzania (nPharms= 415, nADDOs= 116) and Mbarara, Uganda (nPharms= 440, nDSs= 67), from June 10-July 30, 2021. The mystery clients (who held no prescription) sought advice for simulated COVID-19 symptoms from the drug sellers, documented the quality of their interaction with sellers and the type of drugs dispensed.Results: Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and vigilance to COVID-19 symptoms was low in both sites but significantly higher in Uganda than in Tanzania. A higher percentage of drug sellers in Mbarara (Pharms= 36%, DSs= 35%, p-value= 0.947) compared to Mwanza (Pharms= 9%, ADDOs= 4%, p-value= 0.112) identified the client’s symptoms as possibly COVID-19. More than three-quarters of drug sellers in both Mbarara (Pharms= 86%, DSs= 89%) and Mwanza (Pharms= 93%, ADDOs= 97%) sold prescription-only medicines without asking for a prescription. A relatively high percentage of drug sellers that sold prescription-only medicines in Mwanza (Pharms= 51%, ADDOs= 67%) compared to Mbarara (Pharms= 31%, DSs= 42%) sold a partial course without any objection. Among the drug sellers who sold antibiotics, more drug sellers in Mbarara (Pharms= 73%, DSs= 78%, p-value= 0.580) compared to Mwanza (Pharms= 40% ADDOs= 46%, p-value= 0.537) sold antibiotics relevant for treating secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: Our study highlights low levels of awareness of and vigilance towards COVID-19 symptoms and widespread propensity to dispense prescription-only antibiotics without a prescription and to dispense partial doses of antibiotics. The implications of these for antimicrobial resistance are further discussed. Our study also highlights the need for more efforts to improve antibiotic stewardship among drug sellers in response to the current pandemic and to prepare them for future health emergencies.
Cost-effectiveness of strategies to control the spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in hospitals: A modelling study
Authors: Kardaś-Słoma Lidia , Fournier Sandra , Dupont Jean-Claude , Rochaix Lise , Birgand Gabriel , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Lescure François-Xavier , Kernéis Solen , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Lucet Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSpread of resistant bacteria causes severe morbidity and mortality. Stringent control measures can be expensive and disrupt hospital organization. In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of control strategies to prevent the spread of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in a general hospital ward (GW). MethodsA dynamic, stochastic model simulated the transmission of CPE by the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the environment in a hypothetical 25-bed GW. Input parameters were based on published data; we assumed the prevalence at admission of 0.1%. 12 strategies were compared to the baseline (no control) and combined different prevention and control interventions: targeted or universal screening at admission (TS or US), contact precautions (CP), isolation in a single room, dedicated nursing staff (DNS) for carriers and weekly screening of contact patients (WSC). Time horizon was one year. Outcomes were the number of CPE acquisitions, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER).A hospital perspective was adopted to estimate costs, which included laboratory costs, single room, contact precautions, staff time, i.e. infection control nurse and/or dedicated nursing staff, and lost bed-days due to prolonged hospital stay of identified carriers. The model was calibrated on actual datasets. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Results The baseline scenario resulted in 0.93 CPE acquisitions/1000 admissions and costs 32,050 €/1000 admissions. All control strategies increased costs and improved the outcome. The efficiency frontier was represented by: 1) TS with DNS at a 17,310 €/avoided CPE case, 2) TS + DNS + WSC at a 26,322 €/avoided CPE case and 3) US + DNS + WSC at 179,839 €/avoided CPE case. Other strategies were dominated. Sensitivity analyses showed that TS + CP might be cost-effective if CPE carriers are identified upon admission or if the cases have a short hospital stay. However, CP were effective only when high level of compliance with hand hygiene was obtained. Conclusions Targeted screening at admission combined with DNS for identified CPE carriers with or without weekly screening were the most cost-effective options to limit the spread of CPE. These results support current recommendations from several high-income countries.
Knowledge and Awareness towards Emergency Management of Dental Trauma among the Teachers in Primary Schools in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ataya Jawdat M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

The study aimed to assess teachers' knowledge in primary schools about the emergency management of dental trauma.
Material and methods

A cross-sectional study. A total of 560 teachers from different 28 primary schools in Damascus, Syria, participated in this study. The scale was adopted, where (1 mark) was given for correct answer, (0 marks) for answer I do not know, and (-1 mark) for wrong answer. Then, three levels of knowledge were considered. The Weak level was taken when the sum is less than one mark, the Intermediate level was taken when the sum is between two and four marks and finally and the Good level was taken when the sum is between 5 and 7.
Results

404 teachers (72.2%) were in the Weak Level, 139 teachers (24.8%) were in the Intermediate Level, 17 teachers (3%) were in the Good Level. There is no link between gender, age, years of teaching, type of school and having medical or dental first aid with knowledge levels.
Conclusion

Primary school teachers' knowledge about dental trauma within Damascus is deficient. This study highlighted the reality of knowledge of teachers in schools and will benefit decision-makers to design an educational course for dental trauma.
Functional Networks Trained by Optimization
Authors: Duarte Francisco Daniel Filip
Published: January 2022

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) gained much attention due to its capacity to mimic neural cells of living organisms which have intelligence. ANNs and some of its variations, have been applied in text and image recognition, among other applications, and are the basic building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI). A known problem, however, is the impossibility to extract the knowledge achieved by training. To solve this problem, a new neural network is hereby presented, called functional network (FN). This functional network differs from the ANNs basically by the fact that the sigmoid function can be substituted by any mathematical expression, that each functional neuron has multiple inputs and multiple function outputs, and that the trained information can be extracted in the form of a mathematical expression, denominated generative mathematical expression (GME).Although a moderate size FN may give a very large number of possible combinations, requiring very expensive computation efforts on training, recent developments in computation such as quantum computers indicate it increasingly becomes a viable alternative for large patterns and complex models. Thus, the GME of pattern representations can be extracted from a FN in order to simplify AI and numerical modeling tasks in general, such as finite element models (FEM) of structures, or computer fluid dynamic (CFD) models, decreasing overall computation costs.
Sleep quality and perceived stress as related to hedonic hunger among university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Faris MoezAlIslam , Abdulla Narmin K. , Qureshi Mariam N. , Asraiti Amna A. , Janahi Maryam A. , Qiyas Salma J. Abu , Obaid Reyad R.
Published: January 2022

Objective

The study aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and stress levels in relation to hedonic hunger (HH) among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Kingdom of Bahrain (BH). Design: A cross-sectional study design was applied using a self-administered standardized and validated online questionnaire. Setting/Participants: A total of 565 students from both countries were recruited. Measurements: Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS) and Power of Food Scale (PFS) were used to detect HH states, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale to assess sleep quality and sleep components, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess the stress levels, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to estimate physical activity levels among university students. Descriptive and analytical (simple, multiple linear, and logistic regressions) statistics were conducted to assess the relationships between sleep quality and perceived stress with hedonic hunger.
Results

A positive association was found between total PEMS and PFS scores with total PSQI score [β (95%Cl) = 0.14 (0.06 – 0.25), p=0.001; β (95%Cl) = 0.21 (0.45 – 1.04), p<0.001, respectively]. An increased likelihood of having poor sleep quality by 8% (OR= 1.08, p=0.02) and 43% (OR=1.43, p<0.001) for each one-unit increase of PEMS and PFS scores, respectively. A positive association was found between total PEMS and PFS scores with PSS score [β (95%Cl) =0.19 (0.26 – 0.63), p<0.001; β (95%Cl) =0.23 (1.04 – 2.22), p<0.001, respectively].
Conclusion

Reduction in HH and low-stress levels may help in improving sleep quality among university students.
İRADE BOZUKLUĞU HALLERİNDEN KORKUTMADA KORKUTULANIN CULPA IN CONTRAHENDO SORUMLULUĞU KAPSAMINDA SAHİP OLDUĞU TAZMİNAT HAKKI
Authors: KÖROĞLU Emre
Published: January 2022

Korkutma TBK m. 37-38'de düzenlenmektedir. Yine, bütün irade sakatlığı hallerinde uygulama alanı bulan TBK m. 39'da da korkutmayla ilgili çeşitli düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. İlgili hükümlere bakıldığında, ilk olarak TBK m. 37’de, taraflardan birinin, diğerinin veya üçüncü bir kişinin korkutması sonucu bir sözleşme yaptığı durumlarda, sözleşmeyle bağlı olmadığı ve üçüncü kişinin korkutması sebebiyle sözleşmeyle bağlı kalmak istemeyen korkutulanın hakkaniyet gerektiriyorsa sözleşmenin diğer tarafına tazminat ödemekle yükümlü olduğu belirtilmiştir. İkinci olarak, TBK m. 38’de, korkutmanın şartlarına yer verilerek, hangi durumlarda irade bozukluğu olarak korkutmanın bulunduğu ifade edilmiştir. Son olarak TBK m. 39’da ise, korkutulanın, korkutmanın etkisinin ortadan kalktığı andan başlayarak bir yıl içinde sözleşme ile bağlı olmadığını bildirmediği veya verdiği şeyi geri istemediği durumlarda, sözleşmeyi onamış sayılacağı ve korkutmadan dolayı bağlayıcılığı olmayan bir sözleşmenin onamış sayılmasının onun tazminat hakkını ortadan kaldırmayacağı açıklamıştır. Korkutulanın sahip olduğu tazminat hakkının hukuki dayanağını “haksız fiil sorumluluğu” ile “culpa in contrahendo sorumluluğu” oluştururken, sözleşmenin diğer tarafının sahip olduğu tazminat hakkının hukuki dayanağını ise “fedakarlığın denkleştirilmesi ilkesi” oluşturmaktadır. Görüldüğü üzere korkutmanın iki sonucu bulunmaktadır. Bunlar sözleşmenin iptali ve tazminattır. Çalışmamızda korkutulanın culpa in contrahendo sorumluluğu kapsamında sahip olduğu tazminat hakkı ele alınmıştır.
The Potential of Criminal Legislation in the Field of Counteraction to Crimes Related to Cryptocurrency
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Sereda I.M. , Stupina S.A. ,   Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
Published: January 2022

The study of certain indicators of modern crime related to the use of information and telecommunication technologies allows us to state a steady growth of cryptocurrencies both globally and in Russia. In the Russian Federation a legal and regulatory framework for the regulation of digital rights is actively forming, but the criminal law means, which are important for the prevention of cryptocrime, need to be adjusted, because in light of the emerging trend of commercialization and informatization of crime, primarily – transnational organized crime – the areas of criminal use of digital currency are constantly expanding. The article provides analytical data of companies conducting research in the field of cryptocurrency and blockchain, analyzes the areas of criminal use of cryptocurrency, provides an overview of existing criminal law means of combating these crimes, considers the problems of criminal liability for such crimes related to cryptocurrency as legalization (laundering) of money or other property acquired by a person as a result of his crime or acquired by other persons by criminal means; stealing and expropriation of funds or other property. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of individual features of these corpus delicti the authors formulate possible options to improve the criminal law means of combating the use of cryptocurrency for criminal purposes.
Novel preparation of stable and highly photocatalytic Z-scheme Cs3PW12O40/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water
Authors: Duan Mengtian , Wu Daoxin , Ji Yu , Tong Haixia
Published: January 2022

The Cs3PW12O40/Ag3PO4 (CsPW/Ag3PO4) heterojunction photocatalyst in this study was prepared using a simple chemical precipitation method. Spherical CsPW particles were successfully deposited on Ag3PO4 nanocrystals, all the as-prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalyst activity in relation to rhodamine B (RhB) degradation was evaluated under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The CsPW/Ag3PO4 heterojunction photocatalyst can effectively degrade RhB. The Z-scheme 3% CsPW/Ag3PO4 heterojunction photocatalyst has a higher photocatalytic ability compared with the single-component photocatalyst CsPW or Ag3PO4. The comparatively high photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the high matching of the energy band position and close interface contact, suggesting an enhanced separation efficiency of the photoinduced carriers of the CsPW/Ag3PO4 heterojunction photocatalyst. The reactive species trapping experiments demonstrated photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide radicals to be the main active components of photocatalytic degradation. A possible photocatalytic mechanism is subsequently proposed.
A Comparative Analysis of Ascorbic Acid-induced Cytotoxicity and Differentiation
between SHED and DPSC
Authors: Abidin Intan Zarina Zainol , Manogaran Thanaletchumi , Wahab Rohaya Megat Abdul , Yazid Farinawati , Ariffin Shahrul Hisham Zainal
Published: January 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare dental pulp tissue in human exfoliated deciduous
teeth (SHEDs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in response to ascorbic acid as the sole osteoblast
inducer.

Background:

A cocktail of ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone has been widely
used to induce osteoblast differentiation. However, under certain conditions, β-glycerophosphate
and dexamethasone can cause a decrease in cell viability in stem cells.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effect and potential of ascorbic acid as the
sole inducer of osteoblast differentiation.

Methods:

Cytotoxicity analyses in the presence of 10-500 μg/mL ascorbic acid were performed in
both cell types using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
The concentrations below the IC50 (i.e., 10-150 μg/mL) were used to determine osteoblast differentiation
potential of ascorbic acid using the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, von Kossa staining,
and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

SHEDs and DPSCs proliferated for 21 days, expressed a Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)
marker (CD73+), and did not express Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) markers (CD34- and
SLAMF1-). SHEDs had a higher range of IC50 values (215-240 μg/mL ascorbic acid), while the IC50
values for DPSCs were 177-211 μg/mL after 24-72 hours. SHEDs treated with 10-100 μg/mL
ascorbic acid alone exhibited higher ALP-specific activity and a higher percentage of mineralisation
than DPSCs. Both cell types expressed osteoblast markers on day 21, i.e., RUNX2+ and BSP+,
in the presence of ascorbic acid.

Conclusions:

SHEDs survive at higher concentrations of ascorbic acid as compared to DPSC. The
cytotoxic effect was only exhibited at ≥250 μg/mL ascorbic acid. In addition, SHED exhibited better
ALP and mineralization activities, but lower osteoblast marker expression than DPSC in response
to ascorbic acid as the sole inducer.
An Overview of Antiviral Properties of Bacteriophages with Emphasis on the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Jalili Mahsa , Ansari Nastaran , Pourhossein Behzad , Fazeli Maryam , Jalilian Farid Azizi
Published: January 2022

Bacteriophages or phages are the most abundant organisms in the biosphere. Scientists considered
phages an appropriate tool for understanding molecular biology, horizontal gene transfer vectors,
stimulants of bacterial evolution, a source of diagnostic and genetic tools, and new therapeutic
agents. Therefore, studying the biology of phages and their interactions with their hosts is crucial to
gaining a deeper knowledge of biological systems. Numerous studies confirmed that bacteriophages
are a genetic tool with high potential for treating infectious diseases, including bacterial, fungal, and
viral infections. Therefore, phages may be used as an appropriate therapeutic target against some viruses,
such as COVID-19 infection. In this study, we describe the role of phages in modulating the host
immune system, the production of specific antibodies against the COVID-19 virus by the host immune
system, and the minimization of damage caused by the COVID-19 virus to the host. Also, the present
study expresses our understanding of the prospect of phage therapy as an adjunctive therapy.
Promising Anticancer Activity of Multitarget Cyclin Dependent Kinase
Inhibitors against Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Manohar Sonal M. , Joshi Kalpana S.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide,
and its incidence is steadily rising in developing nations. Cell cycle aberrations due to deregulation
of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins are common events during colorectal carcinogenesis.
Yet, efficacy of multitarget CDK inhibitors as therapeutic agents has not been much
explored against CRC.

Objective:

The anticancer potential of multitarget CDK inhibitor riviciclib (also known as
P276-00), was investigated against CRC cell lines of varied genetic background.

Method:

Cytotoxicity of riviciclib - potent CDK1, CDK4 and CDK9-specific inhibitor was evaluated
in vitro. Further, its effect on clonogenic potential, cell cycle, apoptosis and transcription was
tested using colony forming assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. Also, efficacy
of riviciclib in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents was assessed. Dependency
of CRC cells on specific CDKs for their survival was confirmed using siRNA studies.

Results:

Riviciclib exerted significant cytotoxicity against CRC cells and inhibited their colony
forming potential. It induced apoptosis along with inhibition of cell cycle CDKs and cyclins as
well as transcriptional CDKs and cyclins. Moreover, dual combination of riviciclib with standard
chemotherapeutic drugs exhibited synergism in CRC cells. siRNA studies indicated that CRC cells
are dependent on specific CDKs for their survival which are targets of riviciclib.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence that multitarget CDK inhibitors can serve as promising
therapeutic agents against CRC alone or in combination.
pragmatic study of the communication skills in doctor-patient discourse
Authors: Al-Mansori Zainab Khdhair Abbas , Reishaan Abdul Hussein Kadhim
Published: January 2022

As people rely heavily on sharing information, they need to increase focus on having good communication skills. Hence, poor communication between doctors and patients has a direct and indirect impact on the quality of medical care provided to patients. This study focuses on communication skills and discourse tact in diagnosis because of their wonderful role in strengthening the doctor-patient relationships. It was conducted by collecting the medical discourse by only visiting al-Sadr Teaching Hospital as it includes the largest number of doctors in Najaf. It further emphasized the incorporation of some elements of pragmatics into medical curricula for their great communicative benefits in creating collaborative interlocutors, specifically, Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle and Ayeloha’s (2019) types of discourse devices. The study aims to identify the strong and weak points in doctor-patient discourse, evaluate the linguistic tools and communication strategies used in this discourse to assess the efficiency of the interaction between doctors and patients, and highlight the impact of the integrative curriculum adopted by University of Kufa on doctors’ communication with patients in comparison with the traditional curriculum taught at Jabir Ibin Hayyan Medical University.
Investigating Microtemporal Processes Underlying Health Behavior Adoption and Maintenance: Protocol for an Intensive Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Shirlene , Intille Stephen , Ponnada Aditya , Do Bridgette , Rothman Alexander , Dunton Genevieve
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Young adulthood (ages 18-29 years) is marked by substantial weight gain, leading to increased lifetime risks of chronic diseases. Engaging in sufficient levels of physical activity and sleep, and limiting sedentary time are important contributors to the prevention of weight gain. Dual-process models of decision-making and behavior that delineate reflective (ie, deliberative, slow) and reactive (ie, automatic, fast) processes shed light on different mechanisms underlying the adoption versus maintenance of these energy-balance behaviors. However, reflective and reactive processes may unfold at different time scales and vary across people.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the study design, recruitment, and data collection procedures for the Temporal Influences on Movement and Exercise (TIME) study, a 12-month intensive longitudinal data collection study to examine real-time microtemporal influences underlying the adoption and maintenance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep.

METHODS

Intermittent ecological momentary assessment (eg, intentions, self-control) and continuous, sensor-based passive monitoring (eg, location, phone/app use, activity levels) occur using smartwatches and smartphones. Data analyses will combine idiographic (person-specific, data-driven) and nomothetic (generalizable, theory-driven) approaches to build models that may predict within-subject variation in the likelihood of behavior “episodes” (eg, ≥10 minutes of physical activity, ≥120 minutes of sedentary time, ≥7 hours sleep) and “lapses” (ie, not attaining recommended levels for ≥7 days) as a function of reflective and reactive factors.

RESULTS

The study recruited young adults across the United States (N=246). Rolling recruitment began in March 2020 and ended August 2021. Data collection will continue until August 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

Results from the TIME study will be used to build more predictive health behavior theories, and inform personalized behavior interventions to reduce obesity and improve public health.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/36666
Эффективность лечения больных ревматоидным артритом в зависимости от микроэлементного статуса организма
Authors: Lukashenko L.V. , Pavlyuchenko A.K. , Gonchar G.A. , Syniachenko O.V.
Published: January 2022

При ревматоидном артрите микроэлементоз участвует в патогенетических построениях заболевания, а отличный и хороший эффект от проводимой патогенетической терапии, который связан с исходным уровнем в волосах и крови Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb и Sr, достигается у 3/4 больных. В процессе лечения изменяется содержание в организме Ba, Be, Bi, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr и V, на что влияют исходные степени субхондрального склероза, узураций и асептических некрозов костей, наличие висцеритов, использование в лечении глюкокортикоидных гормонов (по отношению к Cu, Mn, Sn), метотрексата (Cd, Co, Sr) и полиферментных смесей (Ba, Fe, Sb).
Сучасний стан проблеми ендопротезування суглобів в Україні
Authors: Korzh М.О. , Filipenko B.A. , Tankut V.O.
Published: January 2022

В статті представлений огляд становлення ендопротезування в Україні, докладно описаний сучасний стан цієї проблеми.
Оптимізація аналгетичної і протизапальної терапії в амбулаторній травматологічній практиці
Authors: Kvasha V.P. , Legenky O.G.
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена вивченню ефективності анальгезії кеторолаку трометаміном (Кеторол) у пацієнтів з ураженнями опорно-рухового апарату. Визначені його висока ефективність при гострому скелетно-м’язовому болі порівняно з іншими анальгетиками і НПЗП та малий відсоток побічних впливів, що обґрунтовано дозволяє рекомендувати застосування препарату для впровадження та використання в практиці.
Механизмы хондропротективного действия нимесулида
Authors: Savustyanenko A.V.
Published: January 2022

Остеоартрит (остеоартроз) представляет собой дегенеративное заболевание сус­тавного хряща, и для его терапии часто применяют нестероидные противовоспалительные средства. В рамках настоящего обзора было показано, что один из таких препаратов — ни­ме­сулид в дополнение к противовоспалительным свойствам, связанным с преимущественным ингибированием циклооксигеназы 2-го типа, проявляет также хондропротективное действие, которое реализуется за счет угнетения перекисного окисления липидов, снижения содержания и активности матриксных металлопротеиназ и торможения апоптоза хондроцитов в хрящевой ткани. Сочетание противовоспалительного и хондропротективного действия позволяет более эффективно бороться с дегенерацией хряща при остеоартрите.
Сурфактантное состояние синовиальной жидкости у больных ревматоидным гонитом
Authors: Lukashenko L.V.
Published: January 2022

По сравнению с больными остеоартрозом со вторичным синовитом коленных суставов (контрольная группа) при ревматоидном гоните наблюдается уменьшение содержания в синовиальной жидкости общего белка, нитритов, мочевой и молочной кислоты на фоне повышения уровней глюкозы и С-реактивного протеина, причем на интегральное сурфактантное состояние синовии влияют степень активности и рентгенологическая стадия заболевания, наличие дигитального артериита и поражения эндокарда. Кроме того содержание общего белка и β2-микроглобулина зависит соответственно от индексов тяжести течения и прогрессирования заболевания, а с поверхностно-активными веществами тесно связаны динамическое межфазное натяжение, вязкие, упругие и вязкоэластичные адсорб­ционно-реологические свойства суставного ликвора.
Анатомо-функциональные особенности позвоночника у пожилых: роль ацеклофенака в купировании дорсопатии
Authors: Tsurko V.V. , Egorov I.V. , Krasnosel'skii M.Ya. , Bratanova M.Z. , Ivanova T.B.
Published: January 2022

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ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ТРИПЛЕКСНОГО СКАНИРОВАНИЯ СОСУДОВ ОРБИТ В ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИИ
Authors: Basov А. V. , Vitovskaya O. P.
Published: January 2022

В результате проведенного анализа литературных данных была дана оценка и определена роль метода триплексного сканирования сосудов орбит в практической повседневной практике врача-офтальмолога. Перечислены основные преимущества метода и очерчена сфера его применения.Сформулированы основные рекомендации по практическому применению данного метода и его интерпретации.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИПОПРОТЕИНОВОГО ОБМЕНА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВОЗРАСТНОЙ МАКУЛЯРНОЙ ДИСТРОФИЕЙ
Authors: Sukhina L. , Golubov K. , Smirnova A. , Kotlubei G.
Published: January 2022

В работе представлены данные о состоянии липопротеинового обмена у 97 пациентов с возрастной макулярной дистрофией. У пациентов с возрастной макулодистрофией наблюдаются изменения липопротеиновой системы крови, проявляющееся увеличением содержания холестерина,триглицеридов и ЛПНП. Изучено влияние применения статинов на состояние липопротеинового обмена в двух группах пациентов. Первая (основная группа – 41 больной, в лечении которых на протяжении трёх месяцев применялся аторвакор (аторвастатин), вторая (контрольная) – 28 больных, у которых препарат не использовался.Длительное применение аторвакора позволяет нормализовать содержание холестерина крови и липопротеинов низкой плотности. Нормализация показателей липопротеиновой системы крови коррелирует с улучшением гемодинамики глаза и функционального состояния сетчатки. Ключевые слова: возрастная макулярная дистрофия, липопротеины, аторвастатин.
КОРРЕЛЯЦИЯ ТОЛЩИНЫ СЛОЯ ПЕРИПАПИЛЛЯРНЫХ НЕРВНЫХ ВОЛОКОН, ИХ ТОЛЩИНЫ В НИЖНЕМ КВАДРАНТЕ И В СЕКТОРЕ 19/17 ЧАСОВ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ОТКРЫТОУГОЛЬНОЙ ГЛАУКОМОЙ, ПОСЛЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ L-АРГИНИНОМ И ДИПЕПТИДОМ ЛИЗИН-ГЛУТАМИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ
Authors: Panchenko M. , Bezditko P. , Honchar O.
Published: January 2022

Целью настоящей работы было изучение влияния L-аргинина и дипептида лизин - глутаминовой кислоты на корреляцию толщины слоя перипапиллярных нервных волокон, их толщины в нижнем квадранте и в секторе 19/17 часов у больных с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой.Материал и методы: В исследовании принимало участие 107 пациентов с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (всего 179 глаз). Из них 63женщины и 44 мужчины с первой, второй и третьей стадией первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Все пациенты были разделены на две группы. Больные первой группы получали L- аргинин, пациенты второй группы – дипептид лизин-глутаминовую кислоту. Обследование включало общепринятые офтальмологические методы исследования, а также статическую компьютерную периметрию и оптическую когерентную томографию.Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов, которым назначался дипептид лизин - глутаминовая кислота, определялась достоверная сильная прямая корреляционная зависимость между исследуемыми параметрами до лечения. У больных принимавших дипептид лизин - глутаминовую кислоту, сильная прямая корреляционная зависимость между исследуемыми параметрами сохранялась достоверной и после проведенного лечения при первой, второй и третьей стадии глаукомы. У больных получавших L-аргинин, до лечения отмечалась сильная прямая корреляционная связь между анализируемыми параметрами оптической когерентной томографии при первой и второй стадии первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Сильная прямая корреляционная связь после лечения L-аргинином определялась между анализируемыми параметрами оптической когерентной томографии во всех стадиях заболевания.Выводы. Установлено, что L-аргинин и дипептид лизин-глутаминовая кислота оказывают противоположное влияние на корреляционную связь между средней толщиной перипапиллярных нервных волокон, их толщиной в нижнем квадранте и толщиной нервных волокон в секторе 19/17 часов – L-аргинин усиливает, а дипептид лизин-глутаминовая кислота ослабляет силу данной корреляционной взаимосвязи у пациентов с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АНТИВАСКУЛЯРНЫХ ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА ПРИ ПАТОЛОГИИ ПЕРЕДНЕГО СЕГМЕНТА ГЛАЗА
Authors: Dyomin Y.A. , Biletska P.V.
Published: January 2022

Проангиогенные факторы роста, большей частью VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), играют существенную роль в развитии патологии переднего сегмента глаза, связанной с неоваскуляризацией. Вновь образованные сосуды в роговице ведут к снижению прозрачности роговицы и зрительных функций. Неоваскуляризация радужки (рубеоз) и угла передней камеры, вызванные ишемической ретинопатией, обычно, приводят к развитию неоваскулярной глаукомы и потере зрения. Птеригиум, наряду с другими патогенетическими факторами, характеризуется фиброваскулярной пролиферацией и может быть причиной снижения зрения.За последнее десятилетие было предложено несколько антиангиогенных препаратов, применяющихся при неоваскулярной патологии заднего отрезка. Тем не менее, бевацизумаб также неофициально используется в виде поверхностных инстилляций или инъекций в переднюю камеру для лечения неоваскулярной патологии переднего сегмента глаза c многообещающими результатами.
АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИЕ КОНЪЮНКТИВИТЫ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ИХ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Petrunya A.M.
Published: January 2022

В лекции приведены основные типы аллергических реакций человека, патогенетические стадии аллергических реакций. Существует 5 типов аллергических реакций у человека: 1- анафилактические или атопические, 2 - цитотоксические, 3 - реакции, связанные с образованием иммунных комплексов, 4 - гиперчувствительность замедленного типа (клеточная иммунная реакция), 5 - аутосенсибилизация. В развитии аллергических реакций немедленного и замедленного типов выделяют 3 стадии: иммунологическая, патохимическая и патофизиологическая.Сообщается о видах аллергических поражений глаза. Наиболее часто встречаются: сезонные поллинозные конъюнктивиты, лекарственная аллергия, весенний кератоконъюнктивит, атопический кератоконъюнктивит, крупнопапиллярный конъюнктивит, хронический аллергический конъюнктивит, аллергия при синдроме сухого глаза, аллергические проявления при острых инфекционных заболеваниях глаз. Даны сведения о современных методах лечения и профилактики глазных аллергических заболеваний, современных фармакологических препаратах. Для лечения глазных аллергозов необходимо: избежать контакта с аллергеном, десенсибилизация пациентов иммунологическими методами с помощью неоднократного введения аллергена, использование препаратов – стабилизаторов тучных клеток (кромогликат натрия, олопатанола гидрохлорид), антигистаминных препаратов (Кларитин, Задитен, Олопатанола гидрохлорид), ингибиторов поздней фазы – стероиды (Максидекс, Дексаметазон), неспецифические противовоспалительные средства (Наклоф, Индоколлир, Дифталь).
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КЛИНИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЙРОПАТИИ
Authors: Bezdetko P. , Shylkina D.
Published: January 2022

Ишемическая оптическая нейропатия является одной из основных причин нарушения зрения и слепоты у людей среднего и пожилого возраста. В последние годы большинство офтальмологов при острых сосудистых расстройствах кровообращения в зрительном нерве используют термин передняя и задняя ишемическая нейропатия, предложенный S.S. Hayreh et al. (1975; 1981). В работе представлена современная классификация ишемической оптической нейропатии, разработанная S.S.Hayreh. Детально освещены особенности клиники, диагностики, дифференциальной диагностики передней и задней ишемической оптической нейропатии, как артериитного, так и неартериитного типов. Детально проанализированы современные взгляды на патогенез ишемической оптической нейропатии и с учетом этих сведений обоснованы современные направления лечения этой патологии. Представлен новый алгоритмлечения ПИОН, включающий варианты нормализации соотношения АД и ВГД, особенно в ночное время. Обосновано применение гиполипидемических препаратов. Среди препаратов, нормализующих свертывающую систему крови, обращено внимание на ривароксабан — пероральный антикоагулянт, не требующий мониторинга. Представлена схема применения современных препаратов прямой нейропротекции.Подробно освещены вопросы лечения артериитных форм ишемической оптической нейропатии.
НЕВРИТ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО НЕРВА АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЙ С МАЛЬФОРМАЦИЕЙ АРНОЛЬДА-КИАРИ
Authors: Pavlyuchenko K.P. , Zykov I.G. , Chizhevskaya N.I.
Published: January 2022

Неврит зрительного нерва вызывается воспалительным, инфекционным либо демиелинизирующим процессом, а также интоксикацией. Примерно в 30% случаев оптических невритов этиология остается неясной.Представлен клинический случай оптического неврита на фоне мальформации Арнольда – Киари (МАК). Аномалия Арнольда-Киари – врожденный порок развития краниовертебральной зоны, включающий различные варианты смещения миндалин мозжечка ниже уровня большого затылочного отверстия. Наиболее частые офтальмологические проявления МАК включают: диплопию, сходящееся паралитическое косоглазие, монолатеральный горизонтальный или вертикальный нистагм, сужение периферических границ поля зрения, клонический блефароспазм, застойные диски зрительных нервов. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют публикации о случаях ассоциации неврита зрительного нерва с МАК.Установлено, что у больной М. наиболее вероятной причиной развития оптического неврита является МАК. Для раннего выявления этиологии и патогенеза папиллита, большое значение имеет МРТ головного мозга.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО СТАТУСА ВРАЧА-ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГА
Authors: Sukhina L. , Smirnova A. , Golubov K. , Kotlubei G.
Published: January 2022

В работе приводяться данные об особенностях преподавания офтальмологии в условиях реформирования здравоохранения. Подробно рассмотрены новые формы и методы организации учебного процесса Проведен анализ особенностей различных видов самостоятельной работы курсантов при подготовке к учебному процессу. Рассматриваются вопросы повышения мотивации к организации постоянного обучения у врачей. В работе освещаются вопросы подготовки врачей-интернов. Большую роль в подготовке врачей офтальмологов играет использование мультимедийных презентаций, как при внеаудиторной подготовке, так и при чтении лекций. Делается акцент на использовании информационно-комуникативных технологий в процессе последипломного обучения, которые прежде всего способствуют развитию твореского мышления врача.