bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Aptasensors and the Challenge of Food Contamination With Lead
Authors:   Department of Passive Defense, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Danesh Noor Mohammad , Danesh Abolfazl ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran., Yousefi Hassanabad Koroush ,   Department of Infectious Disease, Children Medical Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran., Taghdisi Seyed Mohammad ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Contamination of heavy metals in food, especially drinking water and groundwater, has become a serious problem for human health. These metals are mainly the constituent elements of nature widely distributed in the earth's crust, but significant amounts of them are also found in everyday goods. These elements are usually found in combinations with oxygen, chlorine, sulfur, and other anions that generally contain inorganic and organic compounds. Lead is one of the heavy metals with high toxicity that poses serious risks to the environment and humans. Recent advances in nucleic acid research have led to the identification of oligonucleotide sequences that bind with high affinity specifically to target molecules, including proteins. Such single-stranded sequences are called "aptamer" nucleic acids. Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences of 30 to 100 nucleotides, and their secondary and tertiary structures are folded to make them highly specific for binding to targets. The binding of aptamers to different targets, from a single cell to large chemical and biological molecules, is done with high affinity. This aptamer feature is used to detect lead. In this review article, the designed optical aptasensors for the detection of lead will be reviewed.
Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): uma terapêutica promissora contra a Covid-19
Authors: Repolês Lorena Cotta , Rodrigues Bruna Soares de Souza Lima
Published: December 2021

A etiologia da Covid-19 foi identificada pelos cientistas em janeiro de 2020, após ocorrência de casos de pneumonia, na China, em dezembro de 2019. Considerada um enigma para a medicina e um desafio mundial para a saúde pública, a doença apresenta alta velocidade de transmissão. As infecções podem cursar assintomáticas, ou com sintomatologia variável, podendo em casos graves, evoluir para o óbito. Na fase hospitalar, o remdesivir intravenoso e a dexametasona oral ou intravenosa apresentaram resultados positivos, porém não há evidências científicas acerca de um tratamento específico e validado na fase precoce. A bardana (Arctium lappa Linne) apresenta ações relacionadas à inibição da replicação viral, ação antioxidante, modulação de citocinas importantes como o TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, e IL-10 e inibição da ativação da via NF- κB; que poderiam favorecer uma resposta inflamatória equilibrada. Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa no banco de dados da plataforma PubMed® (Public/Publisher Medline) utilizando-se o descritor Arctium lappa, no período de 2005 a 2021. Resultou-se, em 29 artigos, os efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antivirais, imunomoduladores e/ou antioxidantes da arctigenina e arctiina, presentes nessa planta. Esses achados apontam para a possibilidade de utilização terapêutica desses compostos, na fase sintomatológica inicial da Covid-19, considerando a fisiopatologia da doença.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Pariwisata Kabupaten Bangka Barat Berbasis WEB
Authors: Febrian Dedi , Nasir Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Abstrak-- Perkembangan teknologi di era globalisasi ini berlangsung sangat cepat. Sehingga menuntut manusia memasuki kehidupan yang berdampingan dengan informasi dan teknologi. Dengan adanya informasi dan teknologi masalah-masalah yang timbul di sekitar dapat dipermudah dan diatasi. Apalagi untuk mendapatkan sebuah informasi umum yang berkualitas, tepat, cepat, dan akurat haruslah mudah diakses oleh berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan, seperti Pariwisata. Saat ini hampir sebagian pemerintah daerah belum memiliki sistem informasi untuk mempermudah wisatawan dalam berlibur. Sistem informasi yang ada hanyalah melalui internet berupa tampilan gambar, ada juga dengan peta tetapi ketepatan tempatnya tidak sesuai sehingga menyebabkan para wisatawan bingung dan hanya menghabiskan waktu dijalan untuk mencari tempat saja. Oleh karena itu perlunya sistem informasi yang lengkap untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi-lokasi wisata. Tidak hanya itu saja melainkan tambahan seperti restoran, dan penginapan. Dengan ini ada nilai tambahan bagi pemerintah untuk mengembangkan daerahnya. Maka dibuatlah Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk mempermudah wisatawan dalam berlibur berbasis website menggunakan Google Maps API untuk pembuatan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Sistem informasi geografis Wisata Kabupaten Bangka Barat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memperoleh informasi mengenai lokasi dengan menampilkan titik koordinat lokasi wisata, penginapan, restoran pada peta, dan informasi rute lokasi wisata yang dituju.
Audit Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi pada Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten X Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5
Authors: Aditya Agansa I Gede Billy , Putri Gusti Agung Ayu , Hary Susila Anak Agung Ngurah
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap segala aspek  kehidupan masyarakat khususnya pada sebuah instansi pemerintah. Penerapan teknologi informasi dalam instansi pemerintah merupakan upaya untuk mengembangkan penyelenggaran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan transparansi dan kualitas pelayanan, begitu halnya dengan Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten X. Penggunaan teknologi informasi bertujuan untuk mendukung visi, misi dan tujuan organisasi dengan tata kelola yang baik. Pengelolaan tata kelola yang baik memerlukan audit untuk mengetahui kinerja organisasi sesuai dengan tujuan dan visi misi. Audit merupakan suatu proses sistematis dan obyektif dalam memperoleh dan mengevaluasi bukti-bukti untuk mengetahui informasi yang berkaitan dengan kinerja suatu organisasi yang terlaksana dengan tujuan organisasi yang ditetapkan. COBIT 5 merupakan suatu panduan standar yang memuat prinsip dan praktek dalam membantu organisasi untuk meningkatkan pencapaian tujuan dalam aspek manajemen tata kelola TI. Hasil dari kegiatan audit, menunjukan bahwa capability level dari lima proses TI berada pada nilai yang rendah yaitu DSS02 berada pada level 1, APO06 berada pada level 1, EDM02 berada pada level 1, BAI04 berada pada level 1, dan APO04 pada level 1. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya GAP antara pencapaian yang diharapkan organisasi dan situasi saat ini. Rekomendasi dan saran perbaikan dari hasil yang telah diperoleh dilakukan menggunakan standar COBIT 5.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Manajemen Arsip Digital
Authors: Anisah Anisah , Wahyuningsih Delpiah , Helmud Ellya , Suwanda Tedy , Romadiana Parlia , Irawan Devi
Published: December 2021

Management arsip digital saat ini sudah menjadi pilihan baik pada instansi pemerintah maupun swasta. dikarenakan dapat mengefisienkan tempat penyimpanan, memudahkan pendataan, memudahkan penelusuran dan monitoring terhadap arsip serta lebih rapinya pengarsipan surat-surat atau dokumen yang ada pada institusi. Penelusuran arsip secara manual tentu membutuhkan waktu yang agak lama, dibandingkan dengan menggunakan sistem digital yang sudah memanfaatkan Database Management System (DBMS). Dalam hal ini, kantor Perwakilan BPKP Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung yang menjadi salah satu sasaran untuk mengembangkan sistem manajemen arsip digital yang mana sistem yang berjalan saat ini untuk penelusuran dan penyimpanan arsip dari berbagai bidang masih menggunakan lemari arsip/menggunakan sistem yang manual. Meningkatnya volume arsip dari hari ke hari menjadi permasalahan yang serius karena dibutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk melakukan pencarian arsip yang diinginkan dan sulitnya memonitor arsip di berbagai bidang pada instansi. Sehingga sebuah management arsip digital berbasis web menjadi solusi atas permasalah yang ada. Metode analisis dan perancangan menggunakan Object Oriented Analisys and Design( OOAD) dan database menggunakan MySQL. Management arsip yang dihasilkan mampu mempercepat proses pencarian arsip dan memonitor pergerakan arsip dari berbagai bidang pada instansi.
Effect of provider and patient reminders, deployment of nurse practitioners, and financial incentives on cervical and breast cancer screening rates
Authors: Kaczorowski Janusz , Hearps Stephen JC , Lohfeld Lynne , Goeree Ron , Donald Faith , Burgess Ken , Sebaldt Rolf J
Published: December 2021

Objective : To evaluate the effect of the Provider and Patient
Reminders in Ontario: Multi-Strategy Prevention Tools (P-PROMPT) reminder and
recall system and pay-for-performance incentives on the delivery rates of
cervical and breast cancer screening in primary care practices in Ontario, with
or without deployment of nurse practitioners (NPs).

Design : Before-and-after comparisons of the time-appropriate
delivery rates of cervical and breast cancer screening using the automated and
NP–augmented strategies of the P-PROMPT reminder and recall system.

Setting : Southwestern Ontario.

Participants : A total of 232 physicians from 24 primary care
network or family health network groups across 110 different sites eligible for
pay-for-performance incentives.

Interventions : The P-PROMPT project combined
pay-for-performance incentives with provider and patient reminders and
deployment of NPs to enhance the delivery of preventive care services.

Main outcome measures : The mean delivery rates at the
practice level of time-appropriate mammograms and Papanicolaou tests completed
within the previous 30 months.

Results : Before-and-after comparisons of time-appropriate
delivery rates (<30 months) of cancer screening showed the rates of Pap tests and mammograms for eligible women significantly increased over a 1-year period by 6.3% (P ><
.001) and 5.3% (P < .001), respectively. The NP-augmented strategy achieved
comparable rate increases to the automated strategy alone in the delivery rates
of both services.

Conclusion : The use of provider and patient reminders and
pay-forperformance incentives resulted in increases in the uptake of Pap tests
and mammograms among eligible primary care patients over a 1-year period in
family practices in Ontario.
The Essence of Strategy formation as an Element of Strategic Management in Health care
Authors:   Non-Profit Joint Stock Company ", Umertayev Azamat ,   Social Health Insurance Fund"
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the types of strategic management, scientific approaches to the application in practice of each of the 10 schools of strategic management and their distinctive features. The use of the tools considered in the article schools of strategic management in a complex helps to manage risks, achieve efficiency, provides an opportunity to avoid common mistakes, increases the competitiveness of medical organizations, and most importantly provides executives and middle managers with the methodology of strategic management. Key words: strategic management, schools of strategic management, management of organizations, healthcare.
Improvement of the Procedure for the Introduction of New Medical Technologies in Kazakhstan Based on the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors:   National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Timur Kapyshev
Published: December 2021

The process of introduction of new medical technologies in Kazakhstan is regulated by a number of normative and legal acts, and is aimed at allowing the use of drugs and medical devices that meet high standards of safety, quality and efficiency. This article examines the process of such introduction based on the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology, with an analysis of all stages of the process and recommendations for its improvement. Given the high efficiency of new medical technologies (on the example of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), when their limited use is due to the lack of funds of a medical organization, the involvement of additional intellectual resources seems expedient. Key words: Health Technology Assessment, Extracorporeal Life Support, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Health Service Assessment
Improving the system of training Nursing specialists. Results of the strategic partnership between JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Finland, and medical colleges of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Johanna Heikkilä , Eveliina Kivinen , Hanna Naakka , Hanna Hopia
Published: December 2021

The material presents results of the strategic partnership between JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Finland, and medical colleges of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The systematic annual process of starting the development of new nursing clinical guidelines and of leading and coordinating the adaptation as well as preparing the trainings of national trainers for each set of guidelines has slowed down or even stopped and needs immediate attention. In addition, the development of corresponding evidence-based Standardized Operational Procedures must be organized. Our recommendation is that the Ministry of Healthcare and the Republican Center of Health Development would strengthen the national coordination and create a systematic roadmap for translating nursing clinical guidelines into nursing practice. In addition, nurses’ knowledge and skills in evidence-based nursing must be increased through capacity building activities.
Introduction of professional liability insurance for legal and financial protection of medical workers: Policy brief
Authors:   Republican Center for Healthcare Development, Abildina Akbota , Zhumakarimov Mirat ,   Republican Center for Healthcare Development, Urimov Ruslan ,   Republican Center for Healthcare Development, Salkhayeva Botagoz ,   Republican Center for Healthcare Development
Published: December 2021

Main elements: Professional liability insurance of medical workers covers unintentionally incurred risks as a result of the performance of their professional duties, and caused damage to the health and life of the patient. In fact, this is a type of property insurance, in which there is a satisfaction of property claims made to health workers, due to omissions and errors of professional activity For the purpose of administrative and civil protection of medical workers, the issue of introducing professional liability insurance in the medical sphere will increase the level of public confidence in the domestic health care and constructively address medical incidents that have caused damage to the health and life of patients. During the analytical study, 3 policy options were proposed: 1. Establishment of an independent non-profit fund for compulsory insurance of professional liability of medical workers; 2. Insurance of professional liability of health workers through functioning insurance companies; 3. Insurance through professional associations of medical workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The vision for the implementation of policy options Each of these policy options will contribute to the development of legal and financial protection for health professionals. To achieve the best results, it is necessary to choose the most effective and implemented policy. Keywords: insurance, professional responsibility, medical workers.
Legitimization Strategies used by Family Members in the ''Vikings'' TV Series
Authors: Al-Mnaseer Farah , Fouad Shaymaa
Published: December 2021

Vikings TV series is a historical drama centred around family members and their different political aspirations, implying different political ideologies. This article intends to investigate the legitimization strategies used by four family members of the Vikings TV Series, including Ragnar, Lagertha, Rollo, and Bjorn, to reveal their political ideologies. The data involve the analysis of four excerpts from season 4 that are analyzed qualitatively through an eclectic model involving Fairclough's critical discourse approach and Van Leeuwen's discursive legitimization strategies (2007). The article concluded that the four characters rely heavily on two types of strategies to achieve their political goals: the authorization strategy, including (personal and expert authorities) and rationalization strategy, basically the (goal-orientation and explanation ones).
Konsumentenpolitisches Jahrbuch 2021
Authors: Reiffenstein Maria , Blaschek Beate
Published: December 2021

Aktuelle Entwicklungen aus dem Verbraucherecht für Rechtsanwendung und Politik Im Konsumentenpolitischen Jahrbuch 2021 diskutieren Autorinnen und Autoren aus Wissenschaft, Verwaltung und Praxis zu verschiedensten Themen: - Die neue Verbraucheragenda der Europäischen Kommission - Europäisches und nationales Verbraucherrecht: Die Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinien zu Gewährleistung und digitalen Inhalten, die EU Richtlinie über Verbandsklagen, Rechtsakte zur Nachhaltigkeit - Digitalisierung in Recht (zB Plattformökonomie) und Praxis (Beiometrie, Erfahrungen mit Geoblocking) aus Verbrauchersicht - Rechtliche Neuerungen durch Covid-19 und Rechtsdurchsetzung - Konsummonitor: empirische Erkenntnisse u.a. zur Nachhaltigkeit Entsprechend der überwiegend grenzüberschreitend wirkenden Themen kommen auch Autoren aus Deutschland und Belgien zu Wort. Durch das bunte Bild der Beiträge gewinnen Leserinnen und Leser vor allem Einblick in die Möglichkeiten der Rechtsgestaltung, Probleme der Rechtsanwendung und Rechtsdurchsetzung im Verbraucherrecht.
Das kirchliche Vermögen, seine Verwaltung und Vertretung
Authors: Pree Helmuth , Heckel Noah
Published: December 2021

Das Vermögensrecht der Katholischen Kirche stützt sich auf viele unterschiedliche Quellen, die auch die Verfassungsstruktur der Kirche widerspiegeln. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund zahlreicher Verflechtungen mit staatlichem Recht ist dieser Rechtbereich außerordentlich unübersichtlich und in der Praxis schwer zugänglich. Dies trifft insbesondere auf die komplexe Materie des Ordensvermögensrechts mit seinen jüngsten Neuerungen zu. Dieses Handbuch hilft dabei, die Materie in systematischer und zugleich praxisorientierter Weise zu erschließen. Das Handbuch bietet Geschäftspartnern der Kirche und deren Rechtsvertreter*innen die notwendige Orientierung. Ein Glossar erleichtert den Zugang zu zahlreichen kirchenrechtlichen Fachausdrücken. Auch die einschlägigen kirchenstrafrechtlichen Bestimmungen werden auf dem neuesten Stand erschlossen.
COMPETENCES CURRENTLY NECESSARY FOR EXTERNAL RELATIONS SPECIALISTS WORKING IN LATVIA
Authors: Mezote Anete
Published: December 2021

The objective of the research was to find out the most necessary competences of external relations specialists working in Latvia at the present moment, as well as to provide solutions for ensuring the acquisition of the necessary competences. In the research, the working environment of external relations specialists and data obtained in 2011 from surveying the graduates of the study program External Relations of Organizations, implemented at the Latvia University of Agriculture, are analysed. The results reveal that most of the skills needed for external relations specialists are related to cooperation with foreign partners, as well as that external relations specialists in Latvia most of all need to possess and improve cross-cultural communication competence, including awareness of cultural differences, as well as knowledge in specific business etiquettes and ways of communicating and thinking typical of different cultures. The necessary competences of external relations specialists should be improved by means of ensuring more cross-cultural communication opportunities and integrating the acquisition of more culture-specific etiquettes into the curriculum.
Key words: competences, cross-cultural communication, external relations education.
TEACHING, LEARNING, AND KNOWLEDGE BUILDING: THE CASE OF THE REMOTE NETWORKED SCHOOL INITIATIVE
Authors: Laferrière Thérèse , Barma Sylvie , Gervais Fernand , Hamel Christine , Allaire Stéphane , Breuleux Alain
Published: December 2021

The Remote Networked School (RNS)/« École éloignée en réseau » is an initiative that aims at implementing an innovation with Internet-based technologies in support of teaching and learning as well as knowledge building in small rural schools. The first eight years of the RNS are examined applying Engeström’s activity theory framework, and more specifically the concept of expansive learning wherein we document the 7 stages. Tensions and contradictions are identified to provide an “inside” understanding of what matters when new technologies designed to support co-teaching and co-learning within and between classrooms are introduced. Two activity systems or more shared the same object such that students would engage actively in collaborative online discourse for solving authentic problems. To this end the trajectory of the RNS initiative had to overcome contradictions. As a result an expansive learning cycle was documented.
Key words: activity theory, collaboration, expansive learning, remote networked school.
Şeker fabrikası atığı vinasın (şilempe) inkübasyon süresince toprağın bazı kimyasal ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri
Authors: ATEŞ Çağla , NAMLI Ayten
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, şeker fabrikası atığı vinasın toprağın bazı kimyasal ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri 6 ay süreli inkübasyon denemesiyle ortaya konulmuştur. Dört farklı vinas çeşidi 300 g’lık saksılara 0, 2, 4, 8, 20 L/da dozlarında uygulanmış ve inkübasyona tabi tutulmuştur. İnkübasyonun 15, 30, 60, 120 ve 180. günlerinde alınan toprak örneklerinde β-glukozidaz enzim aktivitesi, alkali fosfataz enzim aktivitesi, toprak solunumu (CO2 çıkışı) ve mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu (MBC) analizleri yapılmıştır. İnkübasyonun 15, 60, 120 ve 180. günlerinde de organik madde, pH ve EC analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda artan vinas dozuna bağlı olarak CO2 çıkışı artış göstermiştir. Vinas uygulanmış toprakların MBC içerikleri kontrole göre daha fazla olmuştur. Beta glukozidaz enzim aktivitesi inkübasyonun başlarında kontrole göre artış göstermiş ancak ilerleyen dönemlere bağlı olarak kontrol ile uygulamalar arasındaki fark önemli bulunmamıştır. Bütün vinas çeşitlerinin en yüksek dozu olan 20 L/da uygulamasında, tüm inkübasyon zamanlarında beta glukozidaz aktivitesi diğer dozlara göre önemli derecede azalmıştır (P
16S rRNA gene sequences of Candidatus Methylumidiphilus (Methylococcales), a putative methanotrophic genus in lakes and ponds
Authors: Rissanen AJ , Buck M , Peura S
Published: December 2021

A putative novel methanotrophic genus, Candidatus Methylumidiphilus (Methylococcales), was recently shown to be ubiquitous and one of the most abundant methanotrophic genera in water columns of oxygen-stratified lakes and ponds in boreal and subarctic areas. However, it has probably escaped detection in many previous studies that used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing due to insufficient database coverage, as previously analysed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated with Ca. Methylumidiphilus do not contain 16S rRNA genes. Therefore, we screened MAGs affiliated with the genus for their 16S rRNA gene sequences in a recently published lake and pond MAG data set. Among 66 MAGs classified as Ca. Methylumidiphilus (with completeness over 40% and contamination less than 5%) originating from lakes in Finland, Sweden and Switzerland as well as from ponds in Canada, we found 5 MAGs, each containing one 1532 bp sequence spanning the V1-V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. After removal of sequence redundancy, this resulted in 2 unique 16S rRNA gene sequences. These sequences represented 2 different putative species: Ca. Methylumidiphilus alinenensis (GenBank accession OK236221) and another unnamed species of Ca. Methylumidiphilus (GenBank accession OK236220). We suggest that including these 2 sequences in reference databases will enhance 16S rRNA gene-based detection of members of this genus from environmental samples.
Exploring the issues, practices, and prospects of family planning among married couples in Southern Philippines
Authors: Ali Sittie Mairah H. O , Bangcola Ashley A. , Lawi Athena Jalaliyah Derico
Published: December 2021

Background: Nurses are involved in all aspects of health, including reproductive health. They play a fundamental role in family planning and are often designated as point persons in family planning-related concerns. In order to provide effective counseling on family planning, the nurse must understand issues, practices, and prospects of family planning among married couples in their community.
Objective: This exploratory multiple case study investigates family planning issues, practices, and prospects among couples in a municipality located in Southern Philippines.
Methods: Ten married couples of varying characteristics were interviewed to elicit their perspectives on family planning practices. The data were analyzed using coding transcriptions and thematic analysis.
Results: Five sub-themes emerged under the theme of Family Planning Issues: family planning as a burden; fear of side effects; peer-driven contraceptive choice; family planning as a social stigma; family planning as a sin. Two sub-themes emerged under the theme of Family Planning Practices: knowledge of family planning commodities; availability and acceptance of the contraceptive method. Finally, two sub-themes also emerged under the theme of Family Planning Prospects: family planning as a financially beneficial practice; prospects on family planning depend on husband’s acceptance.
Conclusion: These sub-themes were also distinguished by their similarities and differences based on the four parameters identified, including age, sex, financial status, and educational attainment, which aided in the development of recommendations that could be implemented in the local community. The results of this study especially have a bearing on nurses and their role in the family planning process. Nurses play a fundamental role in guiding community members and families toward health and wellness. Thus, it is crucial for nurses to understand family planning issues underpinning their community so they can better exercise their role.
Towards a new monolingual Hungarian explanatory dictionary
Authors: Lipp Veronika , Simon László
Published: December 2021

The Lexical Knowledge Representation Research Group at the Department of Lexicology is one of the youngest research groups of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, founded in February 2020. The group is currently working on a new version of a monolingual explanatory dictionary partly based on The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language. The aim is to compile an up-to-date online dictionary of contemporary Hungarian (2001–2020) by corpus-driven methods.
The present article describes The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language and the Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian by presenting their history, the circumstances of their compilation, and the basic editorial guidelines. Then it outlines how the corpus for the planned dictionary is to be set up and how this corpus is to be analysed.
An Overview on the Factors Affecting Water-soluble Carbohydrates Concentration during Ensiling of Silage
Authors: Ali Muhammad Fraz , Tahir Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) concentration during the ensiling process is influenced by both controllable and uncontrollable factors such as temperature, moisture level, fertilizers, additives nutrients, and time of ensiling of silage. The WSC contents may vary among the different fodder and forage species. The ensiling temperature has a limiting impact on water-soluble carbohydrates and their concentration decrease with increasing temperature. Crops should be harvested at optimum moisture and dry matter level to reach the required concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates to produce organic acids. Water-soluble carbohydrate concentration decreased with the crop's maturity due to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the grains. The evening cut has more concentration of WSC than that of the morning cut due to the photosynthesis process. The contents of WSC can be increased by using different kinds of additives during the ensiling process. Ensiling time has not much influence on the water-soluble carbohydrates. To understand these factors, we have a detailed review of the factors affecting the WSC of silage.
Exploring the Role of Foliar Application of Aspirin on Growth and Productivity of Wheat under Control and Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jazib , Ali Muhammad Fraz , Shahwani Shahzad Ahmad , Waheed Abdul , Aziz Irfan
Published: December 2021

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an important signal molecule modulating plant responses to stress. Drought significantly decreased the growth rate and impaired the yield of wheat. Acetylsalicylic acid can improve the performance of wheat under both well-watered and drought conditions. Applying salicylic acid at a relatively low concentration positively impacted the physiological, yield, and growth parameters. In order to determine the effect of foliar application of Aspirin levels on growth, yield, and its components of wheat, two experiments, i.e., control and rainfed, were conducted to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid were carried out at glasshouse of Research Area, Department of Agronomy and university research farm Koont of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi during cropping season 2019-20. Four treatments of Aspirin (Control, 120 mg/L, 180 mg/L, and 240 mg/L) for glasshouse (Control, 20 g/L, 30 g/L, 40 g/L) for rainfed were applied, which are to be known as As0, As1, As2, and As3 for both experiments. Foliar application of Aspirin solution sprayed at growth stage 37 on the Zadoks scale. Results of experiments revealed that for the 180mg/L of Aspirin (As2), improved growth parameters such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets, and increased the wheat crop yield. In contrast, for the rainfed experiment, the plant height, spike length, number of spikelets, and increased yield were observed by applying 30 g/L (As2) of Aspirin, and the lowest results of these parameters were recorded in control treatment for both control and rainfed experiments. The overall results of this study showed that among the levels of Aspirin, the application of treatment As2 both for control and rainfed experiment, i.e., 180 mg/L for control and 30 g/L for rainfed Aspirin, have positively impacted the growth and yield parameters of wheat and bought improvement in wheat production under plant stress environment.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a Preservative Agent in Canned Bonito (Sarda sarda)
Authors: GARGACI KINAY Aysun , DUYAR Hünkar Avni
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the shelf life and quality of traditional canned fish made from bonito (Sarda sarda) fish. The effect of the rosemary plant on some quality parameters and storage time of bonito fish with tomato sauce stored for 510 days at room temperature was determined by sensory, physical, chemical and microbiological freshness control methods. Nutrient composition analyses were performed in bonito fish before the canning process. Crude protein, crude oil, moisture and crude ash values were found to be, 23.125±1.062%, 2.783±0.339%, 72.717±0.652% and 1.150±0.212%, respectively. The amount of carbohydrates was determined as 0.275 g/100 g, the amount of energy was determined as 157.43 kcal/100 g. During storage, the total amount of volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), the number of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH, water activity (aw), the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), the total number of yeast and mold (TYM) were calculated. When TBA, pH, aw and microbiological analyzes were evaluated, both groups did not exceed the consumption limit values during the storage period. But in the research, the antioxidant effect of rosemary was clearly seen.
Affective Meaning in "The Kissing Booth" Movie Script Movie
Authors: Safiuddin Lisnawati , Putra Ansor , Amstrong Neil
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze “The Kissing Booth movie script” in terms of semantic study. The research question of this study is “How is Affective meaning used in The Kissing Booth Movie Script by Beth Reekles?”. The objective of this study is to describe affective meaning is used in ‘The Kissing Booth’ Movie Script by Beth Reekles. The source of data is taken from the movie script by Beth Reekles. This study uses the descriptive qualitative method. The data are collected by searching and downloading, watching the movie, reading the script, classifying, and coding the data. Based on the analysis the writer finds affective meaning such as positive and negative affective meaning. Positive affective meaning consists of three data was (happy data 1 and 2, flattered data 3) and negative affective meaning consists of 12 data that are (angry data 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, shocked data 8 and 13, disappointed data 7 and 14, unhappy data 10, sad data15). The most dominant implication in the movie script objects is the emotion of negative affective meaning. The use of affective meaning depends on the context of the situation that occurs when the utterances stated.
An Analysis of Speech Act in Ice Age Collision Course Movie Script
Authors: Abdullah Achmad Fauzhi , Aso La , Arman Arman
Published: December 2021

This research is a pragmatic approach study of an analysis of illocutionary in ice age collision Course Movie Script. The objectives of this researcher are to find out the types of illocutionary acts are performed by all the characters' utterances, and to find out dominantly of types of illocutionary acts are used by all the character's utterances. The researcher used the content analysis qualitative method to describe and analyze the selected illocutionary acts which are watching movies and then classify them according to George Yule’s concept types of illocutionary acts. The researcher used content analysis which focuses on classifying the types of illocutionary acts and the dominantly of types of illocutionary acts in the ice age collision course movie carried out by all the characters. The researcher found that are the characters use all types of illocutionary acts. First representatives there are {Stating (3), Suggesting (1), Complaining (1)}. Second is directives, they are {Asking (3), Commanding (4), Forbidding (2), Demanding (2)}. Third, is commissions, they are {Promising (1)}, Forth is expressive, they are {Congratulating (2), Thanking (1) Welcoming (1), Apologizing (1)}, and the last is a declaration, they are {Declare (1), Naming (1)} Based on the data above, it reveals that all characters in their utterances dominantly used the illocutionary acts of Directive with the total of 11 data.
The Meaning of Denotation, Connotation, and Myth used in Ariana Grande’s "God is a Woman" Song Lyrics
Authors: Jafar Ahmad , Aso La , Amstrong Neil
Published: December 2021

Ariana Grande was determined to be a light on her song lyrics and no one has needed that light more than Ariana Grande herself. Her song Lyrics were loaded with deep meanings. Ariana Grande sung about relationships, love, and dating, and through it all, there were moments of meaning spread throughout. The lyric writer wanted to suggest a certain mood or emotion. This study focused on God is a woman song Lyrics. The writer took song lyrics as primary data and used qualitative descriptive method that explained descriptively how the meaning used in Ariana Grande’s God is a woman song lyrics. The theory used in the study is semiotics, in particular, is the theory used by Roland Barthes. Roland Barthes developed his theory into two levels, namely Denotation as the first level in the sign, connotation as the second level in the sign which is accompanied by a myth (marking a society). The result of this study based on Roland Barthes Semiotic’s theory in a way of denotative it is about sex and how she claims the chemistry will be so incredible that the guy is going to think she is God and in a way of connotative Ariana Grande campaigned for a struggle for gender equality and she showed off women's energy and independence. While the myth is God is a woman which this sentence represents about gender differences in life. The answer to dismantling patriarchy is not raising a matriarchy in its place. But building our understanding of, as Ariana Grande puts it, "God as a woman," will help counterbalance almost every human's internalized beliefs that our creator is a man, a father, a guy in the sky. God is our mother, our father, our parents. Come to think of it, if God can be referred to with the masculine pronoun “he”, why is not okay for us to also used the female pronoun “she” when referring to God.
Covid-19 Case Statistics in Europe Show Moderate Negative Correlation with Vaccination Level
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: December 2021

Based on the statistics of Covid-19 cases and vaccination level in the last quarter of 2021, a moderate negative correlation was detected between the level of vaccination and current and peak case numbers in a number of European health jurisdictions. Statistically significant correlation was detected after taking into account differences in the local phase of the cases curve, by comparing statistics at the similar phase such as near the top of a local wave rather than current. These results may indicate a certain level of effectiveness of vaccines in preventing Covid-19 spread in the population, though analysis of other factors is still needed for a confident conclusion.
The Influence of Heel Height on Strain Variation of Plantar Fascia During High Heel Shoes Walking-Combined Musculoskeletal Modeling and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Meizi , Li Shudong , Teo Ee-Chon , Fekete Gusztáv , Gu Yaodong
Published: December 2021

The therapeutic benefit of high heel shoes (HHS) for plantar fasciitis treatment is controversial. It has been suggested that plantar fascia strain can be decreased by heel elevation of shoes which helps in body weight redistribution throughout the length of the foot. Yet it is a fact that the repetitive tension caused by HHS wearing resulting in plantar fasciitis is a high-risk disease in HHS individuals who suffer heel and plantar pain. To explore the biomechanical function on plantar fascia under HHS conditions, in this study, musculoskeletal modeling (MsM) and finite element method (FEM) were used to investigate the effect of heel height on strain distribution of plantar fascia. Three-dimensional (3D) and one-dimensional (1D) finite element models of plantar fascia were generated to analyze the computed strain variation in 3-, 5-, and 7-cm heel heights. For validation, the computed foot contact pressure was compared with experimental measurement, and the strain value on 1D fascia was compared with previous studies. Results showed that the peak strain of plantar fascia was progressively increased on both 3D and 1D plantar fascia as heel elevated from 3 to 7 cm, and the maximum strain of plantar fascia occurs near the heel pain site at second peak stance. The 3D fascia model predicted a higher strain magnitude than that of 1D and provided a more reliable strain distribution on the plantar fascia. It is concluded that HHS with narrow heel support could pose a high risk on plantar fasciitis development, rather than reducing symptoms. Therefore, the heel elevation as a treatment recommendation for plantar fasciitis is questionable. Further studies of different heel support structures of shoes to quantify the effectiveness of heel elevation on the load-bearing mechanism of plantar fascia are recommended.
Characterizing Wealth Inequality in Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Sai Ashish Rajendra , Buckley Jim , Le Gear Andrew
Published: December 2021

Cryptocurrencies often tend to maintain a publically accessible ledger of all transactions. This open nature of the transactional ledger allows us to gain macroeconomic insight into the USD 1 Trillion crypto economy. In this paper, we explore the free market-based economy of eight major cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Dash, Litecoin, ZCash, Dogecoin, and Ethereum Classic. We specifically focus on the aspect of wealth distribution within these cryptocurrencies as understanding wealth concentration allows us to highlight potential information security implications associated with wealth concentration. We also draw a parallel between the crypto economies and real-world economies. To adequately address these two points, we devise a generic econometric analysis schema for cryptocurrencies. Through this schema, we report on two primary econometric measures: Gini value and Nakamoto Index which report on wealth inequality and 51% wealth concentration respectively. Our analysis reports that, despite the heavy emphasis on decentralization in cryptocurrencies, the wealth distribution remains in-line with the real-world economies, with the exception of Dash. We also report that 3 of the observed cryptocurrencies (Dogecoin, ZCash, and Ethereum Classic) violate the honest majority assumption with less than 100 participants controlling over 51% wealth in the ecosystem, potentially indicating a security threat. This suggests that the free-market fundamentalism doctrine may be inadequate in countering wealth inequality within a crypto-economic context: Algorithmically driven free-market implementation of these cryptocurrencies may eventually lead to wealth inequality similar to those observed in real-world economies.
Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Role in Remote Signaling and Inflammation in Trypanosoma cruzi-Triggered Disease
Authors: Dantas-Pereira Luíza , Menna-Barreto Rubem , Lannes-Vieira Joseli
Published: December 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as cell communicators and immune response modulators and may be employed as disease biomarkers and drug delivery systems. In infectious diseases, EVs can be released by the pathogen itself or by the host cells (infected or uninfected), potentially impacting the outcome of the immune response and pathological processes. Chagas disease (CD) is caused by infection by the protozoanTrypanosoma cruziand is the main cause of heart failure in endemic areas. This illness attracted worldwide attention due to the presence of symptomatic seropositive subjects in North America, Asia, Oceania, and Europe. In the acute phase of infection, nonspecific signs, and symptoms contribute to miss diagnosis and early etiological treatment. In this phase, the immune response is crucial for parasite control; however, parasite persistence, dysregulated immune response, and intrinsic tissue factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic CD. Most seropositive subjects remain in the indeterminate chronic form, and from 30 to 40% of the subjects develop cardiac, digestive, or cardio-digestive manifestations. Identification of EVs containingT. cruziantigens suggests that these vesicles may target host cells and regulate cellular processes and the immune response by molecular mechanisms that remain to be determined. Parasite-released EVs modulate the host-parasite interplay, stimulate intracellular parasite differentiation and survival, and promote a regulatory cytokine profile in experimental models of CD. EVs derived from the parasite-cell interaction inhibit complement-mediated parasite lysis, allowing evasion. EVs released byT. cruzi-infected cells also regulate surrounding cells, maintaining a proinflammatory profile. After a brief review of the basic features of EVs, the present study focuses on potential participation ofT. cruzi-secreted EVs in cell infection and persistence of low-grade parasite load in the chronic phase of infection. We also discuss the role of EVs in shaping the host immune response and in pathogenesis and progression of CD.
Synthetic Analogues of Huwentoxin-IV Spider Peptide With Altered Human NaV1.7/NaV1.6 Selectivity Ratios
Authors: Lopez Ludivine , Montnach Jérôme , Oliveira-Mendes Barbara , Khakh Kuldip , Thomas Baptiste , Lin Sophia , Caumes Cécile , Wesolowski Steven , Nicolas Sébastien , Servent Denis , Cohen Charles , Béroud Rémy , Benoit Evelyne , De Waard Michel
Published: December 2021

Huwentoxin-IV (HwTx-IV), a peptide discovered in the venom of the Chinese bird spider Cyriopagopus schmidti, has been reported to be a potent antinociceptive compound due to its action on the genetically-validated NaV1.7 pain target. Using this peptide for antinociceptive applications in vivo suffers from one major drawback, namely its negative impact on the neuromuscular system. Although studied only recently, this effect appears to be due to an interaction between the peptide and the NaV1.6 channel subtype located at the presynaptic level. The aim of this work was to investigate how HwTx-IV could be modified in order to alter the original human (h) NaV1.7/NaV1.6 selectivity ratio of 23. Nineteen HwTx-IV analogues were chemically synthesized and tested for their blocking effects on the Na+ currents flowing through these two channel subtypes stably expressed in cell lines. Dose-response curves for these analogues were generated, thanks to the use of an automated patch-clamp system. Several key amino acid positions were targeted owing to the information provided by earlier structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Among the analogues tested, the potency of HwTx-IV E4K was significantly improved for hNaV1.6, leading to a decreased hNaV1.7/hNaV1.6 selectivity ratio (close to 1). Similar decreased selectivity ratios, but with increased potency for both subtypes, were observed for HwTx-IV analogues that combine a substitution at position 4 with a modification of amino acid 1 or 26 (HwTx-IV E1G/E4G and HwTx-IV E4K/R26Q). In contrast, increased selectivity ratios (>46) were obtained if the E4K mutation was combined to an additional double substitution (R26A/Y33W) or simply by further substituting the C-terminal amidation of the peptide by a carboxylated motif, linked to a marked loss of potency on hNaV1.6 in this latter case. These results demonstrate that it is possible to significantly modulate the selectivity ratio for these two channel subtypes in order to improve the potency of a given analogue for hNaV1.6 and/or hNaV1.7 subtypes. In addition, selective analogues for hNaV1.7, possessing better safety profiles, were produced to limit neuromuscular impairments.
Study on Lubrication and Friction Reduction Properties of ZIF-8 Nanoparticles as Si3N4 Ceramic Water Lubrication Additives
Authors: Sui Tianyi , Li Lichao , Lin Bin , Zhang Yuhang , Zhang Benyang , Yan Shuai
Published: December 2021

Ceramics can achieve superlubricity under water lubrication; however, their running-in period is long and application is rather limited by wear limit. Thus, zeolite imidazole ester skeleton (ZIF), an important branch of metal organic framework materials (MOFs), is expected to improve the tribological properties of lubricants and associated additives. As such, it has broad application prospects within the field. In this paper, ZIF-8 nanoparticles of varying concentrations were prepared and linked with amino functional groups. Specimens were used in silicon nitride self-matching pairs and their tribological properties were observed. After the experiment, friction surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR). The experimental results have shown that ZIF-8 nanoparticles greatly reduced both friction and wear. Comprehensively considering running-in time, average COF during the whole process and smooth friction period COF, optimal performance was obtained for the ZIF-8 nanoparticle solution concentration of 1wt%. Furthermore, it was concluded that the lubrication properties of amino-modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles are significantly better compared to that of the unmodified ZIF-8. The anti-friction mechanism of ZIF-8 as a ceramic water lubrication additive was mainly through the filling and forming of nanoparticle film on the ceramic surface.