bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Truth in Automating: Case Studies in Library Automation
Authors: Drabenstott Jon , Hayes Sherman , Belastock Tjalda , Laucus John , Cohen David , Ross Gary , McNally Barbara J. , Oltman Jerilyn K. , Marquardt Steve
Published: February 2008

Contributors from five libraries address the expectations and realities of their automation projects, including: staff impact, costs and funding, time and schedules, users, computer support, vendors, and consultants. Some keys to success include: very clear political objectives at the beginning of the project; careful definition of the project structure; a well‐prepared automation plan; carefully‐considered, contractual commitments with a vendor; and flexibility and adaptability.
Cost Comparisons Between Bibliographic Utilities and CD‐ROM‐Based Cataloging Systems
Authors: Chao Dolly
Published: February 2008

There are three major cost areas to consider when selecting an automated system for cataloging: purchase/one‐time costs; ongoing costs; and staff resource costs. Staff resource costs are affected by such issues as hit rate, quality of records, ease of original cataloging input, the ease of transferring new records into the library's catalog, ease of ongoing catalog maintenance, system response time, and the related amount of downtime. Model worksheets are presented for calculating these costs for various bibliographic utilities and CD‐ROM‐based cataloging systems.
Truth in Automating: The Multi‐Library Experience
Authors: Drabenstott Jon , Pollard Marvin E. , Heitshu Sara C. , Webb John , Madden Michael
Published: February 2008

These studies provide a cross‐section of current library automation activity. They illustrate some of the forces acting on libraries, the growth and development of the library marketplace, and the increasing complexity and interrelationships of automated systems. Above all, they lead to an appreciation of just how daunting automation projects can be, and how profoundly these new systems are changing libraries. These contributors have administered projects in which many successes have been realized in often difficult, but not atypical, circumstances.
The first program for your second personal computer
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Your second PC will certainly have a high‐capacity hard disk—as will your first, if you're buying it today and intend to do any serious work with it. The author has some (possibly surprising) advice as to the First program or set of programs you should install and use on that hard disk, after DOS. It makes sense to organize and control the environment; that means working with a good set of disk utilities. The author discusses uses for disk utilities and an economical package that combines good disk utilities with some other useful software to help you make sense of your personal computing environment. Citations from the PC literature that arrived October‐December 1989 omit the year‐end predictions and awards, but include some interesting reviews and other articles.
DataLib: Information resource management system
Authors: Kunkel Barbara K. , Luecking Frost Lerinda , Stivers MJ
Published: February 2008

DataLib is a comprehensive, interactive information resource management system. Utilizing state‐of‐the‐art database management techniques, it supports the full set of automated library functions: cataloging, retrieval, circulation, acquisitions, and serials management. It runs on the DEC VAX and Data General MV‐series computers. A UNIX V version is also available. The first installation of the current system was 1984; 24 installations are now in place.
OSI Network management
Authors: Harris Ethan
Published: February 2008

Management of heterogeneous networks continues to be complicated by the persistence of proprietary management schemes. Thus the need for integration of network management capabilities is pressing. One approach is to provide a proprietary system for equipment of other vendors. A preferred approach is to provide internationally adopted network management standards. ISO has adopted this approach, and is developing standards for managing networks, as part of the OSI effort. OSI management functionality includes five areas: configuration, fault, performance, management, accounting and security management. In the early 1990s, a wide cross section of vendors should begin to deliver their initial OSI Management product offerings.
Government Open Systems Interconnection: Profile in progress
Authors: Mills Kevin L.
Published: February 2008

The emergence of Open Systems Interconnection protocols, as specified within the U.S. Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) Federal Information Processing Standard (FTPS), provides both an opportunity for, and a means of achieving, interoperability within multi‐vendor networks. The GOSIP can easily benefit inexperienced users, yet provides the flexibility to serve more sophisticated users. The standard mandates specifications that will be met by a multitude of vendor products, with initial offerings already available. While meeting a useful set of initial networking needs, the FTPS will evolve to include new applications, improvements to the initial applications, new network technologies, and major new functions. GOSIP will permit government agencies to gain better control over their computer network procurements, accruing greater and greater cost savings as the number of government computer networks increases.
What's in a Library? Comparing library holdings to the constituencies served
Authors: Kountz John
Published: February 2008

While the analysis of inter‐institutional collection overlap has become the profession's current analytic “hoola hoop,” the correlation of book collection to curriculum has the “acrid stench” of tampering with purse strings, and is studiously avoided. However, the analytical comparison of library holdings to constituencies being served could provide meaningful insights related to priorities and practices. This article describes and illustrates a method for analyzing this relationship.
P. Nulty, Private Eye, in “Escape from Alcatraz”
Authors: Uricchio William
Published: February 2008

The arms of the fog slowly enfolded the city behind us until we seemed a thousand miles at sea. Suddenly up ahead loomed the place they called “The Rock.” It looked bigger than Gibraltar—like some ghostly liner carrying lost souls to the nether world. Come to think of it, that wasn't a bad analogy. After all, hundreds of careers had ended inside those granite, escape‐proof walls. “The Rock” was a vale of tears, no doubt about it.
Voice technologies in libraries: A look into the future
Authors: Lange Holley R. , Philip George , Watson Bradley C. , Kountz John , Waters Samuel T. , Doddington George
Published: February 2008

A real potential exists for library use of voice technologies: as aids to the disabled or illiterate library user, as front‐ends for general library help systems, in online systems for commands or control words, and in many of the hands‐busy‐eyes‐busy activities that are common in libraries. Initially, these applications would be small, limited processes that would not require the more fluent human‐machine communication that we might hope for in the future. Voice technologies will depend on and benefit from new computer systems, advances in artificial intelligence and expert systems to facilitate their use and enable them to better circumvent present input and output problems. These voice systems will gradually assume more importance, improving access to information and complementing existing systems, but they will not likely revolutionize or dominate human‐machine communications or library services in the near future.
Expert systems for online business database selection
Authors: Morris Anne , Tseng Gwyneth , Drenth Hilary
Published: February 2008

As yet, the services and guides offered commercially do not address the problem of database selection fully. There is a need for a database selector that can either take database selection out of the hands of the inexperienced or act as an advisor to more experienced online users. One approach to assisting business database selection is to produce better software, but of what type? Examination of the problem suggests that an expert system, which embodies and applies problem‐solving skills, might be suitable, since the task of database selection requires specific cognitive skills; intermediaries with skills in selecting databases exist; and intermediaries can articulate the methods they use to select databases.
Computer‐assisted instruction and the library: A case study—in disappointment
Authors: Stanley Nancy M.
Published: February 2008

A project was undertaken to determine the appropriateness of providing subject‐based courseware in an academic library's software center or microcomputer lab. The courseware was intended to provide remedial instructional support to re‐entry students in selected subjects. For this project, college algebra became the chosen subject because there appeared to be widespread local agreement that a number of adult students needed remedial instruction in college algebra. The question of the appropriateness of CAI in the library remains open. This service seems to be a viable one for academic libraries to offer. Success would be dependent on wide ranging cooperation involving the library, teaching faculty, computing staff, and instructional technologists.
Taking stock
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Once in a while, you should take stock of your personal computing environment. What is on your system? How did it get there? What do you actually use? How did you arrive at your hardware configuration, and does it still meet your needs? You may find that you can free up some disk space in the process; at the very least, you'll understand your situation better. The author goes through this exercise both as an example of what it can show and because full disclosure is important for this series of articles. You need to know the background for the advice that appears here. The author discloses his current computing environments, how they got that way, and what that may mean. He also points out the real limits within which he operates as a PC commentator. When you go through the software on your system, you should check to see whether it represents ethical computing. The author offers a few notes on ethical issues related to software. The author also provides notes from PC literature for January‐June 1992.
The library of tomorrow: A universal window serving independent problem solvers
Authors: Penniman W. David
Published: February 2008

Penniman describes a mission and vision for the library of the twenty‐first century that go far beyond document delivery. He proposes that the real mission of the library is to help present and future generations of citizens become independent problem solvers—who have available, and know how to use, information tools to address the challenges that face them. To help fulfill this mission, he proposes that libraries seek a vision that can be realized with the help of technology: to create a universal window to the vast array of information held by our libraries and to offer this window to the widest possible audience.
The database paradox: Unlimited information and the false blessing of “objectivity”
Authors: Suber Peter
Published: February 2008

It is possible that the universe of available information will become so large that some teachers might actually control their students' command of it the way the mapmaker controls the explorer in the wilderness. We must resist this temptation: our interest should not be to limit the alternatives that students see, but to make sure that they are able to make responsible judgments. We must educate students for intellectual autonomy, not discipleship, so they can navigate for themselves in the wilderness of information. We must present our considered views, of course, but for an audience that more and more will judge them in light of their alternatives. Enhanced access to information will make us comic figures if we present our own views as if our critics were silent. Educating students for autonomy is not as easy as typing keywords at a terminal and catching a cascade of citations in a basket; it requires real teaching.
User driven: The evolution of the Ei reference desk
Authors: Regazzi John J.
Published: February 2008

Growth in the primary engineering literature has been accompanied by a boom in electronic secondary information‐retrieval products and services which can access information that is increasingly current, specific, and inclusive. While these services provide more options and solutions for researchers, the perception of an overwhelming array of hard‐to‐use electronic searching alternatives has been confusing. Users want an electronic searching system simple enough for library patrons to use, while at the same time sophisticated enough to meet the demands of the professional researcher. Adding to this challenge are the economic realities of the marketplace. Diverse corporate and academic research centers around the world have different levels of budgetary constraints. Recognizing these disparities, Engineering Information Inc. (Ei) has fashioned a range of research tools that can be used individually or in combination to offer maximum budgetary flexibility to its global constituency. Customers wanted from these various tools the opportunity to easily access the most cost‐efficient method dictated by the needs of a particular search.
P. Nulty, Private Eye, and the case of the purloined publisher (A gumshoe festschrift)
Authors: Uricchio William
Published: February 2008

Velda stared at the airport carousel as the first bags of luggage made their appearance.
Speech synthesis + online library catalog = “talking catalog”
Authors: Kneedler William H. , Sizemore E.J.
Published: February 2008

Launching a talking catalog takes some time, but it is not technically difficult.
Planning for equal intellectual access for blind and low‐vision students
Authors: Neville Ann , Datray Tracey
Published: February 2008

Introduction Adaptive technology offers exciting possibilities for visually impaired people to have independent intellectual access to information sources, whether in print or electronic format. However, there are a number of issues involved in incorporating adaptive technology into the library service program. It is one thing to have equipment available, but students also must be able to use the equipment and use it for library applications such as independent perusal of library resources. This presents two formidable tasks: training students to use the equipment, and teaching them to use libraries.
A manifesto ‐ regarding the future of transaction log analysis
Authors: Sandore Beth , Flaherty Patricia , Kaske Neal K. , Kurth Martin , Peters Thomas
Published: February 2008

Since the late 1970s TLA has maintained its role as the most dependable method for unobtrusive observation of IR system use, although the analysis of transaction logs remains a labor‐intensive practice. The difficult nature of TLA has undoubtedly hampered interest in its development and refinement into a useful method for analyzing user interaction with online systems. However, the means to realize the full potential of this powerful tool are now within the realm of computing and information science research. The goal of this paper is to create an increased awareness of TLA and research efforts using TLA methodologies.
OCLC: Changing the Tasks of Librarianship
Authors: Wayne Smith K.
Published: February 2008

OCLC has grown since 1971 from 54 libraries to 17,000 libraries, from the state of Ohio to 47 countries around the world, and from revenues of $67,000 to almost $100 million. In addition to cataloging, OCLC now provides a broad range of products and services in resource sharing, reference, and electronic publishing. The Forest Press Division of OCLC publishes the Dewey Decimal Classification, the world's most widely used library classification system. OCLC also operates MAPS, The MicrogrAphic Preservation Service, a nonprofit corporation based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, that provides high‐quality preservation microfilming for libraries. Information Dimensions, Inc., a for‐profit subsidiary acquired in April 1993, develops and markets computer software products for managing electronic documents and text on leading mainframe computers, microcomputers, workstations, and PCs. IDI provides an exciting strategic fit for OCLC in full‐text electronic publishing, electronic archiving, and information management—three areas of growing importance in OCLC's future.
Beyond the Data Archive: The Creation of an Interactive Numeric File Retrieval System
Authors: Chiang Katherine , Olsen Jan , Garrison William V. , McLane Leslie , Randolph Tom , Wilson Marijo S.
Published: February 2008

This article describes the rationale behind the construction of an interactive numeric flies retrieval system, and the creation of the system (project team, project phases, data preparation, software, and hardware used). The major findings section includes comments on data problem resolution, database design and construction, interface considerations, enhanced cataloging, file transfer, standards adherence, and staff resources. The incorporation of the system into the range of services of Cornell's Mann Library is described.
Taking It With You: Portable PCs
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Portable computers have been around just about as long as personal computers, and have always involved serious compromises. The compromises continue, but the computers have improved enormously in true portability, power, and price. You always pay a premium for portability, and more of a premium for the ability to actually work on the road. While the premium has come down, it's still there—but now, you can get almost as much power as you need, if you pay the price. In his second look at the last eight years in DOS computing, Crawford shows how conservative choices in portable computing have evolved, and discusses why conservatism makes more sense when buying a portable.
PC vendor viability, or whatever happened to hitech international?
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Shakeouts in the personal computer field: we're supposedly right in the middle of one now—but then, that's been said every couple of years. Nobody really likes to find that the maker of his or her PC has disappeared. When we hear cries of vendor shakeout, we wonder whether our vendor will be one of the victims—and how to predict who will survive and who will die. The author goes through the pages of PCMagazine since September 1985 to see who's become nationally visible and what's happened to them since. The raw numbers say what the author has always believed: there has always been a shakeout. Of all the PC makers who became visible (as the author defines visibility), 73 percent have since disappeared—at least from the national scene. In addition to detailing how they arrived and left the scene, the author offers some tentative hints for spotting winners and losers.
Post‐implementation cleanup using microcomputer‐based programming
Authors: Kairis Rob
Published: February 2008

As more libraries automate for the First time or migrate to more sophisticated integrated systems in a time of fiscal restraint and, in many cases, down‐sized staffing, the ability to automate as many functions as possible (particularly tedious ones, such as database cleanup) would seem desirable. The project described in this article is a good example. If the microcomputer program for cleaning up Kent State University's NOTIS database was not written, the project, which probably should have begun years ago, would still not have been implemented. The solution presented here addresses these key issues realistically, within the confines of the programming resources available within many libraries.
Improving library subject access (ILSA): A theory of clustering based in classification
Authors: Micco Mary , Popp Rich
Published: February 2008

The ILSA prototype was developed using an object‐oriented multimedia user interface on six NeXT workstations with two databases: the first with 100,000 MARC records and the second with 20,000 additional records enhanced with table of contents data. The items are grouped into subject clusters consisting of the classification number and the first subject heading assigned. Every other distinct keyword in the MARC record is linked to the subject cluster in an automated natural language mapping scheme, which leads the user from the term entered to the controlled vocabulary of the subject clusters in which the term appeared. The use of a hierarchical classification number (Dewey) makes it possible to broaden or narrow a search at will.
Graphically speaking: Graphics software for non‐artists
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Most computer users need graphics once in a while, even text‐oriented people like the author. While there have always been many different tools for manipulating and creating graphics on DOS computers (and better ones for Macs), Windows has made such tools more common, less expensive, easier to use, and much more powerful. After defining some basic terms for computer‐based graphics and discussing sources of raw material for those who aren't artists, the author summarizes varieties of graphic software for Windows (and other operating systems). He then describes examples based on personal experience and evaluates two sophisticated graphics packages that libraries can obtain for modest prices. Either package will serve users well, and both packages come with substantial collections of graphic source material (clip art). Finally, the author adds notes on the PC literature for July‐September 1993.
The research libraries group: Making a difference
Authors: Michalko James , Haeger John
Published: February 2008

Operating at the crossroads of higher education, librarianship, technology application, and service delivery, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) is a powerful partner to institutional efforts. For 20 years, it has identified critical research needs, provided responsive solutions, and expanded access to new and untapped information resources. With its highly skilled staff, sophisticated technical resources, and successful track record in managing and supporting interactions among its members, RLG is well positioned to help research institutions address the information challenges of the 1990s.
College library technology and cooperation grants program: An overview
Authors: Kaske Neal K.
Published: February 2008

The general purpose for the II‐A program is to assist college and university libraries in acquiring technological equipment and in conducting research in information technology. This is done mainly through accessing and sharing of library and information resources across institutional lines. The Department of Education discretionary grant cycle, from legislation through close‐out, is presented, as is an overview of each step. The clearest trend in the Research and Demonstra‐tion projects proposed under the II‐A program is toward the development and testing of the “virtual library” or aspects of it.
Creating an interactive videodisc on mapping
Authors: Karentz Andrews Sona , Grozik John
Published: February 2008

The interactive cartography videodisc includes a double‐sided videodisc with one side containing full map images of over 600 maps and in excess of 30,000 tiles and close‐up pieces of these maps. The database contains a wide assortment of map information and will be approximately eight megabytes in size. Not only does the database provide information about each map but a user can search fields in the database to isolate those maps that fit the intended criteria. The interface (approximately two megabytes) provides the link between the images and the data. It is designed to allow a high level of interaction and access through display environments. A printed directory is also being prepared with three indexes organized alphabetically by map title, subject, and region.
The electronic library and public services
Authors: Barnes Susan J.
Published: February 2008

The Albert R. Mann Library at Cornell University has created a working electronic library and has made significant changes in services and staff responsibilities to address users' evolving needs. This article presents an overview of these changes, after discussing the development of electronic libraries at Mann and elsewhere. The increased usage that Mann's collections have received as the electronic library has been developed is also described.
Technical services and the electronic library: Defining our roles and divining the partnership
Authors: McCue Janet
Published: February 2008

To meet the challenges of the electronic library, technical services staff members must be able to articulate the value they add to the institution—not only in the realm of the library's bibliographic database but also in the larger context of building an organizational framework for electronic information and services. Technical services departments must be willing to re‐engineer processing activities and equip their staffs with both the hardware and the skills needed to meet these challenges. In Mann Library, the digital or electronic library is being built upon the traditional infrastructure of the library. Responsibilities related to selecting, acquiring, describing, and servicing networked information are mainstreamed into the operations of the library. This article describes three projects that illustrate the range of activities in which technical services staff are engaged. In these projects, technical services staff have been called upon to provide an organizational framework for numeric, full‐text, and bibliographic information.
The rainbow collection: Random notes on consumer CD‐ROMS
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Somehow, without loading up on games or owning a sound card, the author has 28 CD‐ROMs at home, with more on the way. How did all these discs get there and what do they say (if anything) about the CD‐ROM marketplace? When are CD‐ROMs marvelous new publishing media, when are they essentially compact diskette replacements, and when are they wastes of good polycarbonate? The author goes through his motley collection, noting some highlights and some messy situations. After all this grumbling, the author adds notes on the personal computing literature for April through September 1994.
The U.S. Global Change Research Program: History and organization
Authors: Heyman Berna L. , French James C. , Bull Glen L. , Bretherton Francis P.
Published: February 2008

The U.S. government has been proactively seeking solutions to the growing concern with issues relating to global change through several initiatives. A major global change initiative in 1993 supported by both President Clinton and Vice President Gore was announced with the release of the U.S. Climate Change Action Plan. The objective is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. At that time, President Clinton also committed his administration to begin actively working on negotiations of international agreements on desertification and forestry. President Clinton's Earth Day announcement on 21 April 1993 stated,
Storm Warning
Authors: Filmer Paul E.
Published: February 2008

Most everyone has heard the rumblings on the horizon of the National Information Infrastructure (NII). To some, it is the sound of traffic: a steady roar of bytes rushing by over the Internet. To others, it is the roar of an approaching storm that threatens to flatten everything in its path. What I hear is a combination of the two. The coming of Universal Access will also produce the “Universal Publisher,” and we will soon be awash in a flood of trivia as each household finds out that they can contribute data to the growing roar.
The scholar's workstation project at the University of Tennessee
Authors: Heck Jeff , Baker Gayle
Published: February 2008

The Scholar's Workstation project at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville employs recent and developing technology to provide timely, convenient remote‐site access to information. The project serves four on ‐ and off‐campus sites associated with environmental studies. A station at each site includes an IBM‐compatible personal computer connected to the campus network to access electronic information resources and network tools. Graduate students from the School of Information Sciences serve as onsite team members who provide research assistance, technical assistance, and instruction. The project successfully tests a model for future library service, in which the workstations supply onsite access to information as an electronic branch library.
Scanning the past: A modern approach to ancient culture
Authors: Gagos Traianos
Published: February 2008

The University of Michigan owns one of the largest collections of ancient papyri. In 1991 a project was initiated to explore image capture of papyri in the Michigan collection with the use of electronic media (scanners), and to create a detailed online catalog with information relevant for all those involved in the study and research of the ancient Mediterranean world. In the summer of 1994, the Michigan papyrus collection underwent an extensive period of testing alternative media for image capture, as well as better, faster, and more efficient hardware and software. The collection created its own home page on the World Wide Web and made available sample images as a means of soliciting comments from the experts in the field of papyrology. The papyrus collection at Duke University has also launched a project similar to that envisioned by Michigan in 1991; and that project is now approaching completion. Further developments in the past two years have brought together the five largest papyrus collections in the United States to form a consortium known as the Advanced Papyrological Information System (APIS), which operates under the guidance of the American Society of Papyrologists (ASP).
Libraries and the empowerment of persons with disabilities: An introduction
Authors: McNulty Tom
Published: February 2008

A few years ago, when the Americans with Disabilities Act was new and causing much concern among librarians and library administrators, it was difficult to find an issue of any major library science journal that did not address the legal issues surrounding access to library facilities and services. Librarians' interest in providing access to their services and collections is not new, but attention in the 1990s seems to have shifted away from what we can do toward what we must do for our user population with special needs.
Georgia Galileo: Georgia's electronic library
Authors: Gray Potter William , Russell Ralph E. , Beard Charles E. , Gaumond George R. , Penson Merryll S. , Williams Jayne
Published: February 2008

In the summer of 1994, Stephen Portch, the new chancellor of the University System of Georgia (USG), issued a call for projects that would benefit all 34 public colleges and universities (see figure 1). For the past several years, a subcommittee of library directors in the University System had been meeting regularly with representatives of the vice chancellor for information and instructional technology (IIT) to discuss possible electronic library proposals and sharing the results of these meeting with all library directors in the system through the Regents Academic Committee on Libraries (RACL). Thus, when the chancellor requested proposals, there was already a consensus on the services and features that were most desirable for the University System libraries.
Maine: Public access to telecommunications and information—local links to global horizons
Authors: Lutz Marilyn , Beiser Karl , Caron Alan , Citrano Anthony , Johnson Jay , Lutz Marilyn , Nicoll Donald , Russo Jane
Published: February 2008

The promise of the National Information Infra‐structure (NII) depends on how each state develops telecommunications policy and practice. In Maine that promise is being realized by all citizens as state and local decisions now being made or considered define the future of our communications. This policy supports the free flow of information to all and is opening up new opportunities for people to participate actively in governance, education, and economic development. Similarly, these decisions can contribute to ensuring retention of the status quo, which, until recently, consisted predominantly of an academic and government‐controlled network of computer and information systems that could be accessed by individuals with the means to do so.
Minnesota: Library automation and technology in libraries
Authors: Feye‐Stukas Jan
Published: February 2008

In the past two decades there has been enormous growth and change in library services in Minnesota due primarily to the automation of major library functions: catalogs, circulation, and reference (see sidebar). In Minnesota, just over half of the population is concentrated into the seven‐county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, and just under half of the population is spread over 80 counties with few other large or medium‐sized cities. Minnesota is unique, however, in that no areas of the state lack free access to public library services. Furthermore, because of a statewide reciprocal borrowing compact, 99.5 percent of the population has free access to the services and resources of any public library in the state.
Ohio: Library and information networks
Authors: Byerly Greg
Published: February 2008

Imagine a state where a student teacher in a rural elementary school classroom can check the holdings of the school district's high school library, order a video from the regional audiovisual center, reserve books for her students in the local public library, search databases provided by the local community college, show her students how to use the World Wide Web, view artifacts displayed in the state historical society, request that full‐image articles be downloaded for her students to use, and send an e‐mail message to her professor at the state university about a problem she is having in her classroom. All without leaving the classroom. All from one interactive workstation. All without incurring any direct costs.
Tennessee: Library and information technologies
Authors: Gleaves Edwin S. , Gleaves Edwin S. , Griffiths Jose Marie , Hamilton Rita , Mahon Edward G. , Miller Tamara J. , Nelson Sandra S. , Owen Sidney , Phillips Linda L.
Published: February 2008

When, back in 1994, I spoke to the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS) on the state of network development in Tennessee, I began by saying, “In Tennessee, as in many states, network development is multidimensional, multidisciplinary, multifaceted, multilateral, multidirectional—and therefore multi‐confusing.”
Virginia: Statewide and community connectivity and resource access projects
Authors: Umberger Sheila S. , Perry Katherine A. , Roderick Elizabeth , Umberger Sheila S.
Published: February 2008

Bell Atlantic of Virginia, Virginia Tech, and the town of Blacksburg have joined to create the Blacks‐burg Electronic Village. Blacksburg, located in a rural area of southcentral Virginia, is a town of 34,000. Located in the town is Virginia Tech, with a student population of around 22,000. This combination of support from the university community and the compact size of the community has allowed for the communication infrastructure to be self‐contained and easily made available to a large percentage of the population.
West Virginia: Library automation
Authors: Brown Thomas M. , Barnes Joseph W. , Brown Thomas M. , Fidler Josephine , Glazer Frederic , Jackson Ruth M. , Justice James E. , Rekowski Richard
Published: February 2008

Topography is a problem in West Virginia. “If you took all the mountains of West Virginia and made them flat, West Virginia would be larger than Texas” is our boast and our network curse. Those mountains provide spectacular views, and stunning areas for our citizens who wish to maintain their independence. Those mountains and that remoteness also create difficulties in information equity, which we are just beginning to address.
Europe makes headway in networked and digital library capabilities
Authors: Iljon Ariane , Pigott Ian
Published: February 2008

Who would have imagined, half a dozen years ago, that the national libraries of Europe would be cooperating as closely as they are on access to electronic publications? Who could have guessed that remote villages in northern Greece would be making use of mainstream information services thanks to state‐of‐the‐art facilities installed in mobile library buses? And who would have believed that real‐time ISDN connections to sound archives in Britain, Denmark, and Italy would be providing users with top‐quality access to music and other interesting sound bites?
PC articles worth noting January‐December 1996: A year in review
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: February 2008

Because of the special “State of the States” issue of Library Hi Tech and other circumstances beyond my control, the four quarterly “Comp Lit” compilations for 1996 appear here in a single and possibly peculiar chunk. A lot changes in a year of personal computing, but on reflection it seemed useful to include the citations and comments as I originally wrote them.
Stranger in a Strange Land: A Working Guide to Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Smithin Tim
Published: February 2008

A crisis looms, problem rolls in on top of problem, “if I do this then this, then that, then … but what if?”. At this point we often cast around for outside help, if only there was someone to “bounce ideas off” and talk through the problem. There seems to be too much to think of, all at the same time. Yet in reaching for the phone to call a friend, advisor, operational researcher, systems analyst or whoever, have we overlooked someone?
Making Managers Numerate
Authors: Cragg Paul B.
Published: February 2008

Managers need to be numerate as well as literate. Courses aimed at increasing numeracy often gain very mixed receptions from participants; dissatisfaction being a common reaction. Negative attitudes towards the subject matter and poor mathematical ability are two major problems faced by lecturers on such courses. This article discusses recent research that gives new insights on these two problem areas. These insights reinforce the use of some teaching strategies, whilst suggesting changes to others.
Developing Managers' Survival Skills:
Authors: Toogood Thomas
Published: February 2008

Health and Managerial Success. To succeed in a competitive world, you have to be more than just alive. It is evident, to the point of being axiomatic, that adequate physical and mental vigour is a key requirement for managerial success. Why confirm the obvious? Such, no doubt is the reason for the lack of research done to demonstrate the health‐success relationship. By contrast, extensive investigations have been carried out by Miner. McClelland, Margerison and others into other success and achievement factors such as early responsibility, childhood conditioning and assertiveness.
Designing and Conducting a Training Needs Analysis: Putting the Horse Before the Cart
Authors: Olivas Louis
Published: February 2008

How often have you witnessed the design and administration of a training programme because the “manager” of a department thought training was needed? Or, the training department offered courses because it was “traditional” and the organisation needs to train because other organisations are offering the programmes. It is my estimation that this approach to training often tends to be the rule rather than the exception.
Conflict Resolution Skills and Techniques in Management Development — Part I
Authors: Dick Bob
Published: February 2008

I have observed over the last decade that managers' perceptions of interpersonal conflict are changing. Ten years ago, there was a tendency either to deny that conflict was usual, or to complain that it was frequent, but should not be. When managers were asked what aspects of human behaviour they wished covered, the commonest requests at management development courses were for information on motivation or leadership.
Strategic Curriculum Design for Management Training
Authors: Rothwell William J.
Published: February 2008

This article examines some key principles underlying the design of development programmes and provides some examples of the principles in practice.
Japanese MBAs: Frontrunners in the Multinationalisation of Japanese Business
Authors: Suzuki Norihiko
Published: February 2008

As Japanese firms become more involved in foreign operations, they need more personnel skilled in international business. Firms try to obtain such skilled personnel mainly by sending their employees to the United States for MBA degrees. Foreign‐trained Japanese businessmen are currently estimated to be more than 10,000 in number.
“Mod” Management Development: Does It Deliver What It Promises?
Authors: Newstrom John W.
Published: February 2008

The non‐traditional management development methods implied by “mod”, including “executive image” seminars and “wilderness” training, need to be viewed cautiously if they are not to become another fad. Specifically they should act as signposts back to traditional management development efforts, in an effort to identify the weaknesses present in those schemes. Ultimately, it would be more consistent with contemporary participative practices to involve managers in the design of their own development processes.
Developing Local Nationals in a Multinational
Authors: Crosby J.R.
Published: February 2008

Management development is most effectively conducted when all activities contributing to recruitment, growth, retention, and motivation of staff are collectively considered. The experiences of the British American Tobacco Company Limited, a multinational business operating in 52 countries as part of BAT industries, identifies three valuable elements in management development strategy which will contribute to the aim above: the integration of succession planning with other planning processes; devolving discretion to operating companies to develop personnel procedures most appropriate to the individual company's national context; and recognising management development as an integral part of the human resources function.
Whither Management Development?
Authors: Beckhard Richard
Published: February 2008

An outline of the skills and knowledge required, and the problems to be tackled by tomorrow's managers, posing questions as to the new relationship between management development and the organisation's future planning.
Strategic Management Development: Using Experiential Learning Theory to Assess and Develop Managerial Competencies
Authors: Kolb David , Lublin Stuart , Spoth Juliann , Baker Richard
Published: February 2008

Management of change and uncertainty requires that increasingly sophisticated and highly differentiated specialised knowledge be brought to bear on organisational problems and that their specialised viewpoints be integrated into effective solutions to these problems. Integrative learning requires a re‐examination of the role of teachers or trainers. Their role must be to manage the process of learning to facilitate adult learners in the process of learning from their own experiences in life. Communication that shares abstract ideas and personal feelings about them in a spirit of professionalism, mutuality and co‐enquiry is a means to this integration. Integrative learning suggests an open system, networking approach to the management of knowledge and learning resource acquisition. A key function of strategic management development at the integrative level is to provide managers with access to knowledge and relationship networks that can help them become life‐long learners and cope with the issues on their continually changing agendas. The establishment of links between business and higher education will increase the effectiveness of both and allow managers and academics to teach and learn from one another.
The Boss's Role in Management Development
Authors: London Manuel
Published: February 2008

Many of the situational factors affecting career motivation are under the boss's control. The perception of several bosses of their role in management development in two companies is examined. The cases are derived from interviews with bosses of young first‐line managers. Interviews were also conducted with one subordinate of each boss. Company A did not have a management development programme, company B did. The boss's role in a subordinate's management development should be viewed in relation to the career development policies and programmes of the organisation. He or she can have a positive effect on career motivation even in an environment which is not conducive to career development. Boss training should focus on how to enhance subordinates' career motivation by encouraging individual contribution and personal growth. Bosses should be evaluated on the attention they give to subordinate career development.
What One Manager Learned in “The Looking Glass” and How He Learned It
Authors: Kaplan Robert E.
Published: February 2008

The Looking Glass simulation was developed by behavioural scientists at the Centre for Creative Leadership, North Carolina. Looking Glass, Inc is one of the best known examples of a realistic behavioural simulation. Such simulations allow managers to be studied and trained in situations closely approximating their natural environment. A condensed version of an article which follows one manager through the simulation is presented, giving an insight into the process of self‐assessment and self‐discovery that can take place.
Assumptions, Culture and Performance Appraisal
Authors: Seddon John
Published: February 2008

Cultural assumptions are often inadvertently exported or imported when performance appraisal is introduced in organisations in developing countries. Performance appraisal has been developed in “individualist” societies, and the systems, when applied in non‐individualistic cultures, can cause unintended offence, or are incorrectly, and therefore uselessly, employed. Guidelines for the design of more culturally appropriate approaches are suggested.
Mythmaking in Management Education: The Case of the AGSM (1976–1986)
Authors: Adam Christopher M. , Collins Roger , Dunphy Dexter , Yetton Philip
Published: February 2008

Myths in organisations are often portrayed as evolving gradually, and perhaps decaying even more slowly, whether the myth seeks to establish internal standards or to provide cause and effect in a turbulent environment. A detailed case study of the start‐up phase in a graduate management school is analysed, together with a dynamic model of organisation operation and adjustment recently developed in the field of corporate strategy.
Corporate Campuses: A Growing Phenomenon
Authors: Green Walter A. , Lazarus Harold
Published: February 2008

Corporations have much to gain from owning education centres. The investment is large, but the pay‐off can be enormous, in terms of cost savings, and priceless, as a result of increased educational effectiveness, more efficient programme administration and a demonstrated commitment to employee development. The development and current situation in privately owned centres in the United States is described, based on a recent questionnaire.
New Techniques in Assessment Centres: LRT's Experience
Authors: Rayner Terry , Goodge Peter
Published: February 2008

Two forces of change in the field of assessment centres are described — change in company attitudes towards centres and a growing body of research which questions the current thinking on the subject. How one organisation — London Regional Transport — responded by making what appears to be very beneficial changes in the way it runs some of its centres is examined. Its problems with feedback and the general inappropriateness of the traditional design for development applications are examined.