bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inundation and Emergence at Pueblo Grande de Nevada, an Eleventh-Century Ancestral Puebloan Village
Authors: Haynes Gregory M.
Published: August 2022

The development of large reservoirs in the western United States during the twentieth century inundated a diverse array of archaeological sites and other cultural resources. Land managers, cultural resource specialists, and other stakeholders have long been aware of the effects of inundation on archaeological sites, and they have sought to mitigate them by using various means at their disposal. In modern times, drought and climate change in the western United States have reduced the pool sizes of many reservoirs, including one of the largest, Lake Mead, which straddles the Arizona and Nevada border. This research presents the results of a two-year effort to study the direct and indirect effects of lacustrine-based processes at Lake Mead to a large eleventh-century prehistoric village, Pueblo Grande de Nevada. What are the processes that are most likely to damage archaeological sites and, conversely, what are those that may serve to preserve or protect them? The results of pedestrian inventory throughout the village, limited subsurface tests at certain loci, and intensive mapping at one habitation complex are used to evaluate and synthesize these effects.
Sustained impact of an antibiotic stewardship initiative targeting asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria in the emergency department
Authors: Cash Mary Catherine , Hile Garrett , Johnson James , Stone Tyler , Smith Jessica , Ohl Chris , Luther Vera , Beardsley James
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To determine whether a multifaceted initiative resulted in maintained reduction in inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic pyuria (ASP) or bacteriuria (ASB) in the emergency department (ED).

Design:

Single-center, retrospective study.

Methods:

Beginning in December 2015, a series of interventions were implemented to decrease the inappropriate treatment of ASP or ASB in the ED. Patients discharged from the ED from August to October 2015 (preintervention period), from December 2016 to February 2017 (postintervention period 1), and from November 2019 to January 2020 (postintervention period 2) were included if they had pyuria and/or bacteriuria without urinary symptoms. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients prescribed antibiotics within 72 hours of discharge from the ED. The secondary outcome was the number of patients returning to the ED with symptomatic UTI within 30 days of discharge.

Results:

We detected a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with ASP or ASB who were inappropriately treated when comparing the preintervention group and post-intervention group 1 (100% vs 32.4%; P < .001). This reduced frequency of inappropriate treatment was noted 3 years after the intervention, with 28% of patients receiving treatment for ASP or ASB in postintervention group 2. (P was not significant fin the comparison with postintervention group 1.) Among the 3 groups analyzed, we detected no difference in the numbers of patients returning to the ED with a symptomatic UTI within 30 days of ED discharge regardless of whether patients received antibiotics.

Conclusions:

A multifaceted intervention resulted in a significant decrease in inappropriate use of antibiotics for ASP and/or ASB that was maintained 3 years after implementation.
Frequency and extent of cognitive complaint following adult civilian mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Levy Arielle M. , Saling Michael M. , Anderson Jacqueline F. I.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Cognitive symptoms are associated with return to work, healthcare use and quality of life after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Additionally, while overall ‘post-concussion’ symptoms are often present at similar levels in mTBI and control groups, cognitive complaints may be specifically elevated in mTBI. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the frequency and extent of cognitive complaints following adult civilian mTBI, and compare it to the frequency and extent of complaints in control populations (PROSPERO: CRD42020151284).

Method:

This review included studies published up to March 2022. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review, and six were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.

Results:

Cognitive complaints are common after mTBI, although reported rates differed greatly across studies. Results suggested that mTBI groups report cognitive complaints to a significantly greater extent than control groups (Hedges’ g = 0.85, 95% CI 0.31–1.40, p = .0102). Heterogeneity between studies was high (τ2 = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–1.58; I2 = 75.0%, 95% CI 43.4%–89.0%). Between-group differences in symptom reporting were most often found when healthy rather than injured controls were employed.

Conclusions:

Cognitive complaints are consistently reported after mTBI, and are present at greater levels in mTBI patients than in controls. Despite the importance of these complaints, including in regards to return to work, healthcare use and quality of life, there has been limited research in this area, and heterogeneity in research methodology is common.
The Limits of Metalinguistic Negotiation: The Role of Shared Meanings in Normative Debate
Authors: Schroeter François , Schroeter Laura , Toh Kevin
Published: August 2022

According to philosophical orthodoxy, the parties to moral or legal disputes genuinely disagree only if their uses of key normative terms in the dispute express the same meaning. Recently, however, this orthodoxy has been challenged. According to an influential alternative view, genuine moral and legal disagreements should be understood as metalinguistic negotiations over which meaning a given term should have. In this paper, we argue that the shared meaning view is motivated by much deeper considerations than its recent critics recognize, and that much would be lost in opting for the explanation of normative disputes as metalinguistic negotiations.
New Criminological Perspectives: The Observational Method
Authors: Monzani Marco , Bugini Sabrina
Published: August 2022

This contribution will present the observational method, whose main goal is the in-depth analysis of the criminal situation concerning both the dynamics that are triggered within the relationship – therefore interpreting them through the eyes of the individuals involved – and the dynamics faced by those who observe the relationship from the outside and then have to represent or judge it. The method is the result of the encounter between two approaches, narrative criminology and visual criminology, from which it borrows the concepts of narrative and image. Narrative, in this case, means the stories produced by individuals, who describe the events through their point of observation, and the arguments produced by criminologists and operators based on the perspective they adopted in observing the story; therefore, the narrative plays a central role. The observational method defines the relationship metaphorically as if it were a room within which the protagonists act and perceive themselves according to where they are placed and what they see subjectively. Those who observe the room from the outside will describe it as if it were a photograph. Here the concept of image borrowed from visual criminology returns. Starting with the first activities that are carried out talking about criminal acts (fact-crimes) and then the inspection activities (technical–judicial and psycho-criminological), we will highlight the role of the criminologist and the narrative approach that distinguishes his or her work.
Digital and virtual strategies to advance community stakeholder engagement in research during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Byiringiro Samuel , Lacanienta Cyd , Clark Roger , Evans Crystal , Stevens Sarah , Reese Melanie , Ouyang Pamela , Terkowitz Mia , Weston Christine , Galiatsatos Panagis , Guerrero Vazquez Monica , Luthardt Frederick W. , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl R.
Published: August 2022

Despite the adversity presented by COVID-19 pandemic, it also pushed for experimenting with innovative strategies for community engagement. The Community Research Advisory Council (C-RAC) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), is an initiative to promote community engagement in research. COVID-19 rendered it impossible for C-RAC to conduct its meetings all of which have historically been in person. We describe the experience of advancing the work of the C-RAC during COVID-19 using digital and virtual strategies. Since March 2020, C-RAC transitioned from in person to virtual meetings. The needs assessment was conducted among C-RAC members, and individualized solutions provided for a successful virtual engagement. The usual working schedule was altered to respond to COVID-19 and promote community engaged research. Attendance to C-RAC meetings before and after the transition to virtual operation increased from 69% to 76% among C-RAC members from the community. In addition, the C-RAC launched new initiatives and in eighteen months since January 2020, it conducted 50 highly rated research reviews for 20 research teams. The experience of the C-RAC demonstrates that when community needs are assessed and addressed, and technical support is provided, digital strategies can lead to greater community collaborations.
The Delimitation of Outer Continental Shelf Areas: A Critical Analysis of Courts’ and Tribunals’ Heterogeneous Approaches
Authors: KUNOY BJØRN
Published: August 2022

A number of maritime delimitation disputes, the resolution of which has been referred to international courts or tribunals, include overlapping outer continental shelf claims without relevant recommendations from the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in support of the claimed entitlements. The case law of courts and tribunals regarding the exercise of jurisdiction over such disputes has developed and appears now somewhat crystallized in a common understanding. Yet numerous uncertainties remain, which have arisen from the non-homogeneous approaches that underlie the decisions of courts and tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in the absence of recommendations from the CLCS. While courts and tribunals share the view that delimitation necessarily requires a prior determination of entitlement, differences appear in defining the threshold for ascertaining such a determination. In any event, treating submissions to delimit such claimed overlaps as admissible in the absence of recommendations from the CLCS may entail significant risks. Where a plea is considered admissible, a court or tribunal will not have unfettered discretion as to whether to exercise jurisdiction. This may result in unfortunate situations as it cannot be assumed that the CLCS will accept coastal states’ proposed outer limits of the continental shelf.
Against Evidential Minimalism
Authors: Buckley Daniel
Published: August 2022

Evidence is often taken to be “normative” for doxastic agents. What accounts for the normativity of evidence? According to the view that I'll call “evidential minimalism”, there is a close connection between strong evidence for the truth of p and a normative reason to believe p: evidence is either itself a normative reason for belief, or evidence gives rise to such a reason when certain other minimal conditions are met. In this paper, I argue against evidential minimalism. I will argue that there are cases where: (i) an individual S possesses strong evidence E for the truth of p at time t, (ii) all other minimal conditions for the normativity of E are met at t, (iii) S doesn't believe p at t, yet (iv) S isn't open to any form of criticism on account of (i)–(iii) at t. I will then formulate a plausible linking claim connecting openness to criticism and the existence of normative reasons for belief. The minimalist can either accept or reject this linking claim. I will argue that, either way, the minimalist view falters.
Antibiotic postprescribing modification opportunities among nursing home residents treated for urinary tract infection
Authors: Langenstroer Madeline C. , Jolles Sally , Hossin Tamanna , Nora Anna , Bahrainian Mozhdeh , Crnich Christopher , Taylor Lindsay
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To characterize opportunities to postprescriptively modify antibiotic prescriptions initiated for treatment of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in nursing homes.

Design:

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods:

Data from the health records of residents treated for UTI between 2013 and 2014 in 5 Wisconsin nursing homes were abstracted using a structured approach. Explicit definitions were used to identify whether the prescribed antibiotic could have been stopped, shortened, or changed to a nonfluoroquinolone alternative. Antibiotic treatments appropriately modified by study nursing home providers in real time were not considered modifiable. Identification of >1 potential modification opportunity (eg, stop and shorten) per antibiotic treatment event was permitted.

Results:

In total, 356 eligible antibiotic treatment courses among 249 unique residents were identified. Only 59 antibiotic courses prescribed for treatment of suspected UTI (16.6%) were not amenable to any modification. Discontinuation of treatment due to lack of signs or symptoms of infection was the most frequently identified potential modification opportunity (66.2%). Although less common, substantial numbers of antibiotic treatment courses were potentially amenable to shortening (34%) or agent change (19%) modifications. If applied in concert at 72 hours after antibiotic initiation, stop and shorten modifications could eradicate up to 1,326 avoidable antibiotic days, and change modifications could remove a 32 remaining avoidable fluoroquinolone days.

Conclusions:

Substantial opportunity exists to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing for treatment of suspected UTI in nursing homes through postprescriptive review interventions. Additional studies examining how to best design and implement postprescriptive review interventions in nursing homes are needed.
Distribution of the Silurian brachiopod genusAtrypoidea, and its first report in the Chejiaba Formation (upper Ludlow), Guangyuan, South China
Authors: Chen Di , Huang Bing , Rong Jiayu
Published: August 2022

Atrypoideais a Silurian smooth atrypide with a worldwide distribution and high species-level diversity especially during Ludlow to Prídolí. In this study, the occurrences of 67 species, 14 subspecies, and 23 forma, cf., aff., or var. species are summarized. Among them,Atrypoidea rectafrom Aeronian of Siberia is the earliest known occurrence of this genus, whileAtrypoidea elatiororAtrypoidea polaris modicafrom upper Prídolí strata of the Czech Republic and China, respectively, should be the youngest species. No valid Devonian occurrence ofAtrypoideahas been recorded due to absence of convincing identification or poor stratigraphic information. The rapid evolution and cosmopolitan nature ofAtrypoideaallow some species to be used as index fossils for strata of Ludlow and Prídolí in South China. The age of the Chejiaba Formation in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, South China, has been clarified based on the occurrence ofAtrypoidea. Specimens from this locality, which are preservedin situ, are described herein and illustrated with reconstruction of life style for the first time.
AN ANALOGUE OF THE SCHUR–SIEGEL–SMYTH TRACE PROBLEM
Authors: FLAMMANG V.
Published: August 2022

By analogy with the trace of an algebraic integer
$\alpha $
with conjugates
$\alpha _1=\alpha , \ldots , \alpha _d$
, we define the G-measure
$ {\mathrm {G}} (\alpha )= \sum _{i=1}^d ( |\alpha _i| + 1/ | \alpha _i | )$
and the absolute
${\mathrm G}$
-measure
${\mathrm {g}}(\alpha )={\mathrm {G}}(\alpha )/d$
. We establish an analogue of the Schur–Siegel–Smyth trace problem for totally positive algebraic integers. Then we consider the case where
$\alpha $
has all its conjugates in a sector
$| \arg z | \leq \theta $
,
$0 < \theta < 90^{\circ }$
. We compute the greatest lower bound
$c(\theta )$
of the absolute G-measure of
$\alpha $
, for
$\alpha $
belonging to
$11$
consecutive subintervals of
$]0, 90 [$
. This phenomenon appears here for the first time, conforming to a conjecture of Rhin and Smyth on the nature of the function
$c(\theta )$
. All computations are done by the method of explicit auxiliary functions.
Effects of supplementary inulin on ewes milk composition and rumen fermentation parameters
Authors: Paya Hamid , Giannenas Ilias , Taghizadeh Akbar , Hosseinkhani Ali , Palangi Valiollah , Hasanpur Karim , Ayasan Tugay , Montazerharzand Mehri , Shirmohammadi Shahram , Elmi Naser
Published: August 2022

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of inulin supplementation on milk production and composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating ewes. The experimental treatments were (1) control group (basal diet), (2) basal diet plus 2% inulin (w/w) and (3) basal diet plus 4% inulin (w/w). The experiment was carried out for 21 d in a fully randomized design involving eighteen Ghezel ewes. Production and composition (percentages of fat, protein, lactose and fat-free solids and fatty acid profiles) of milk were measured. Faeces were collected in the last 3 days of the experiment to determine digestibility. On the last day of the experiment, rumen fluid samples were taken from the esophagus 3 h after feeding and fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protozoal population) were examined. Daily milk production was not significantly affected by inulin supplementation, but the fat and protein content of the milk was increased whilst urea nitrogen (MUN) and unsaturated fatty acids were decreased (P < 0.05). The dry matter (DM) intake results showed that there was no significant difference between different diets. The highest digestibility of DM and NDF belonged to the inulin fed group (P < 0.05). Inulin consumption numerically increased the pH of the rumen fluid of the animals and significantly decreased the rumen N-NH3 value (P < 0.05). Inulin supplementation also significantly increased total VFA, acetate, and butyrate levels (P < 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that inulin supplementation can improve rumen fermentation, DM and NDF digestibility,as well as compositional aspects of the ewe's milk production.
Associations between cow-level parameters and heart rate variability as a marker of the physiological stress response in dairy cows
Authors: Frei Andrea , Evans Neil P. , King George , McAloon Conor G. , Viora Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

To maintain and enhance cow productivity and welfare, it is important that we can accurately assess and understand how cows respond to the physiological demands of gestation and lactation. Several methods have been developed for assessing the physiological responses to stressors and for detecting distress in cattle. Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure of autonomic nervous system activity and consequently a component of the physiological response to stress. In cattle, HRV has been successfully used to measure autonomic responses to a variety of health conditions and management procedures. The objectives of this study were to determine whether, among commercial Holstein Friesian cows and across farms, relationships exist between cow-level factors, HR and HRV. HRV parameters were compared with production records for 170 randomly selected, Holstein-Friesian-cows on 3 commercial dairy farms. Production data included parity, days in milk (DIM), milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC), % butterfat and protein, body condition score (BCS) and genetic indices. Fixed-effect, multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between cow-level variables and HRV parameters. Statistically significant relationships were found between HR and farm, temperature and BCS, and between HRV parameters and farm, rectal temperature, BCS, DIM, and percentage butterfat. Given the significant association between farms and several of the indices measured, it is recommended that care must be taken in the interpretation of HRV studies that are conducted on animals from a single farm. The current study indicated that within clinically normal dairy cattle HRV differed with the percentage of butterfat and BCS. Based on the relationships reported previously between HRV and stress in dairy cattle these results suggest that stress may be increased early in lactation, in cows with BCS <2.75 that are producing a high percentage of butterfat milk. Future work could focus on the physiological mechanisms through which these factors and their interactions alter HRV and how such physiological stress may be managed within a commercial farm setting.
Influence of magnetic configuration properties on kinetic ballooning modes in W7-X
Authors: Aleynikova K. , Zocco A. , Geiger J.
Published: August 2022

The stability properties of kinetic ballooning modes are investigated for a number of magnetic configurations of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. In particular, we consider the effects of the vacuum rotational transform,${\raise.1pt-\kern-6pt\iota}$, and the mirror ratio. The analysis sheds light on the interplay between global magnetohydrodynamic configuration properties and local gyrokinetic stability, and is instrumental in the design of high-$\beta$(the ratio of kinetic to magnetic pressure) operation scenarios. In particular, it is demonstrated that some Wendelstein 7-X magnetic configurations have a relatively low kinetic ballooning mode threshold.
Remorse and the Ledger Theory of Meaning
Authors: Scripter Lucas
Published: August 2022

A common idea about assessing meaning in life is that one draws up a list of those various positive values that one has achieved and subtracts from it one's negative deeds in life. The resulting balance is the meaningfulness of one's existence. I call this the ledger theory. Drawing on the work of Raimond Gaita and Julian Barnes's novel The Sense of an Ending, I argue for a phenomenology of remorse that gives us reason to reject the ledger theory. Even those agents whose lives have been exceptionally meaningful in some respects may remain haunted by their past. Certain sorts of misdeeds – those that involve significant, irreparable damage – leave life marred in such a way that the negative remains, even in the face of all the meaningful deeds of life.
Designing daily-life research combining experience sampling method with parallel data
Authors: De Calheiros Velozo Joana , Habets Jeroen , George Sandip V. , Niemeijer Koen , Minaeva Olga , Hagemann Noëmi , Herff Christian , Kuppens Peter , Rintala Aki , Vaessen Thomas , Riese Harriëtte , Delespaul Philippe
Published: August 2022

Background

Ambulatory monitoring is gaining popularity in mental and somatic health care to capture an individual's wellbeing or treatment course in daily-life. Experience sampling method collects subjective time-series data of patients' experiences, behavior, and context. At the same time, digital devices allow for less intrusive collection of more objective time-series data with higher sampling frequencies and for prolonged sampling periods. We refer to these data as parallel data. Combining these two data types holds the promise to revolutionize health care. However, existing ambulatory monitoring guidelines are too specific to each data type, and lack overall directions on how to effectively combine them.

Methods

Literature and expert opinions were integrated to formulate relevant guiding principles.

Results

Experience sampling and parallel data must be approached as one holistic time series right from the start, at the study design stage. The fluctuation pattern and volatility of the different variables of interest must be well understood to ensure that these data are compatible. Data have to be collected and operationalized in a manner that the minimal common denominator is able to answer the research question with regard to temporal and disease severity resolution. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for device selection, data management, and analysis. Open science practices are also highlighted throughout. Finally, we provide a practical checklist with the delineated considerations and an open-source example demonstrating how to apply it.

Conclusions

The provided considerations aim to structure and support researchers as they undertake the new challenges presented by this exciting multidisciplinary research field.
‘We come from the underground’: grounding Chinese punk in Beijing and Wuhan
Authors: Amar Nathanel
Published: August 2022

The history of the Chinese punk scene in the scientific literature or in retrospective testimonies is traditionally dominated by a Beijing-centric approach, which stresses the importance of Beijing punk bands in the 1990s for the formation of this youth subculture. However, at the same time another punk scene was emerging in Wuhan, and no convincing argument has been provided to explain how, at the same time, in two Chinese cities, a punk movement appeared. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and collection of data, this article aims to explain how in the mid-1990s young Chinese succeeded into territorialising a foreign subculture in two different Chinese cities.
Crystal morphology prediction and experimental verification of venlafaxine hydrochloride
Authors: Liang Chenjing , Zhuang Jianghai , Zhuang Chenghan , Zhang Zhaoxia , Lv Guanglie , Zhang Guoqing
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to explore the influence of solvent effects on the crystal habit of venlafaxine hydrochloride using the modified attachment energy (MAE) model by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Solvent effects were investigated based on the different morphologies of venlafaxine hydrochloride acquired by simulation and experimental technology from the solvents of isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile. Firstly, morphologically dominant crystal faces were obtained through the prediction of crystal habit in vacuum by the attachment energy (AE) model. Subsequently, the MAEs were calculated by the MD simulation to modify the crystal shapes in a real solvent environment, and the simulation results were in agreement with the experimental ones. Meanwhile, in order to have a better understanding of the solvent effects, the surface structure was introduced to analyze the solvent adsorption behaviors. The results show that the crystal habits of venlafaxine hydrochloride are affected by the combination of the AE and surface structures. Finally, the flowability of the obtained crystal powders from different solvents was investigated by measurement and analysis of the angle of repose and compressibility. The above results verify that the physical properties are closely related to the morphologies of the crystals.
Harm, Failing to Benefit, and the Counterfactual Comparative Account
Authors: Klocksiem Justin
Published: August 2022

In the literature about harm, the counterfactual comparative account has emerged as a main contender. According to it, an event constitutes a harm for someone iff the person is worse off than they would otherwise have been as a result. But the counterfactual comparative account faces significant challenges, one of the most serious of which stems from examples involving non-harmful omitted actions or non-occurring events, which it tends to misclassify as harms: for example, Robin is worse off when Batman does not give him a new set of golf clubs, but Batman has not harmed him. In this article, I will clearly state the counterfactual comparative account; state and explain this objection to the account; canvass several unsatisfactory responses; and attempt to show how the account can overcome the objection. This solution involves distinguishing between principles concerning the existence of harm and principles concerning attributions of responsibility for harm.
Children’s neural reactivity to maternal praise and criticism: Associations with early depressive symptoms and maternal depression
Authors: Vandermeer Matthew R.J. , Liu Pan , Mohamed Ali Ola , Daoust Andrew R. , Joanisse Marc F. , Barch Deanna M. , Hayden Elizabeth P.
Published: August 2022

Caregiving experiences are implicated in children’s depression risk; however, children’s neural reactivity to positive and negative feedback from mothers, a potential mediator of depression risk, is poorly understood. In a sample of 81 children (Mage = 11.12 years, SDage = 0.63), some of whom were recruited based on a maternal history of depression (n = 29), we used fMRI to characterize children’s neural responses to maternal praise and criticism. Maternal history of depression was unrelated to children’s brain activity during both the praise and criticism conditions; however, ROI analyses showed that children’s self-reported depressive symptoms were negatively associated with functional activity in the left anterior insula and right putamen while hearing maternal criticism. Whole-brain analyses showed that children’s depressive symptoms were positively associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity while listening to maternal praise. These findings complement past work implicating these brain regions in the processing of emotionally salient stimuli, reward processing, and internal speech. Given associations between early depressive symptoms and later disorder, findings suggest that maladaptive neural processing of maternal feedback may contribute to children’s early emerging risk for depression.
Gene-environment interplays between family chaos and emotional problems among Nigerian adolescents: A twin study
Authors: Oginni Olakunle A. , Hur Yoon-Mi
Published: August 2022

Gene-environment correlations and interactions for the relationship between emotional problems (EP) and family environment in adolescents in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) have been rarely investigated. In total, 3207 adolescent twins aged 12–18 (Mean = 14.6 ± 1.73) years attending public schools in Lagos State in Nigeria completed measures of EP and Family Chaos (FC). Model-fitting analyses suggested that genetic and non-shared environmental influences on EP were 21% and 71%, respectively, and the corresponding estimates were 23% and 71% for FC. Shared environmental influences were not significant (8% and 6% respectively). Phenotypic correlation between EP and FC was .30 (95% CI = .27–.34), which was significantly influenced by genetic (A – 49%, 95% CI: 0.01–0.97) and non-shared environmental factors (E – 32%, 95% CI: 0.10–0.54). Shared environmental influences were not significant (C – 19%, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.50). Moderation effects were significant whereby as FC increased, A on EP decreased (βA = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.02) while E increased (βE = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.09). Our findings indicate that genetic and non-shared environmental risk factors may mediate the relationship between EP and FC, and that as FC increases, protective genetic influences on EP may be attenuated, whereas environmental influences may become stronger in adolescents in LMIC.
Single stage biventricular repair of hypoplastic right ventricle with straddling tricuspid valve
Authors: Prabhu Neel K. , Zhu Alexander , Turek Joseph W. , Andersen Nicholas D.
Published: August 2022

We present the case of a five-year-old child with an inlet ventricular septal defect, subpulmonic stenosis, hypoplastic right ventricle, and straddling tricuspid valve who received a successful one-stage biventricular repair with right ventricular rehabilitation, right ventricular outflow tract augmentation, papillary muscle transposition, ventricular septal defect closure, and fenestrated atrial septation. This report outlines the surgical decision making and operative technique.
A Baker’s Dozen: Insights into Taxation and Public Policy
Authors: Wuffle A
Published: August 2022

This article considers from a Wuffeauldian serio-comical point of view some fundamental insights into governance and public policy.
Automated modeling of protein accumulation at DNA damage sites using qFADD.py
Authors: Bowerman Samuel , Mahadevan Jyothi , Benson Philip , Rudolph Johannes , Luger Karolin
Published: August 2022

Eukaryotic cells are constantly subject to DNA damage, often with detrimental consequences for the health of the organism. Cells mitigate this DNA damage through a variety of repair pathways involving a diverse and large number of different proteins. To better understand the cellular response to DNA damage, one needs accurate measurements of the accumulation, retention, and dissipation timescales of these repair proteins. Here, we describe an automated implementation of the “quantitation of fluorescence accumulation after DNA damage” method that greatly enhances the analysis and quantitation of the widely used technique known as laser microirradiation, which is used to study the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. This open-source implementation (“qFADD.py”) is available as a stand-alone software package that can be run on laptops or computer clusters. Our implementation includes corrections for nuclear drift, an automated grid search for the model of a best fit, and the ability to model both horizontal striping and speckle experiments. To improve statistical rigor, the grid-search algorithm also includes automated simulation of replicates. As a practical example, we present and discuss the recruitment dynamics of the early responder PARP1 to DNA damage sites.
Probabilistic Predictions of Ecologically Relevant Hydrologic Indices Using a Hydrological Model
Authors: Hernandez‐Suarez J. Sebastian , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the effects of prior knowledge obtained from multi‐objective optimization on the uncertainty quantification of simulated ecologically relevant hydrologic indices (ERHIs) using a hydrological model. Two experiments were formulated considering contrasting conditions in prior knowledge when implementing Bayesian parameter estimation. In the first experiment, we reproduced a common modeling practice in the absence of previous information where uniform priors are considered when calibrating hydrological and error model parameters. In the second experiment, near‐optimal Pareto solutions from multi‐objective calibration were used to build a multivariate prior distribution for estimating hydrological and error model parameters using Bayesian calibration. In both experiments, a likelihood function considering heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation effects was employed. The Unified Non‐dominated Sorting Algorithm III was used for multi‐objective calibration, whereas the multiple‐try differential evolution adaptive metropolis algorithm was used for Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. The experiments were tested using a hydrologic model. We selected a subset of ERHIs comprised of 32 central tendency Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and seven additional indices describing basic streamflow statistical properties. In general, using near‐optimal Pareto parameter distributions as prior knowledge in Bayesian calibration reduced both the bias and variability ranges in ERHIs prediction. Furthermore, there was no significant loss in the reliability of streamflow predictions (from 2% to 6%, p = 0.07) when targeting the selected ERHIs, while improving precision (from 66% to 58%, p < 0.05) and reducing the bias (from 6% to 4%, p < 0.05). Moreover, parametric uncertainty substantially shrank by 72% when linking multi‐objective calibration and Bayesian parameter estimation.
Sustainable Development Pathways for Chinese Cities: An Assessment of the Advanced Inclusive Wealth Index
Authors: Xue Qianyu , Cheng Danyang , Li Yuan , Guan Dabo , Zhao Weichen
Published: August 2022

The inclusive wealth index (IWI) is a stock metric proposed internationally in recent years to measure a region's sustainable development potential. To explore sustainability more comprehensively in this context, this paper improves the inclusive wealth (IW) system proposed by the United Nations Environment Programme by extending the definition of intangible capital and refining the classification of different types of capital. We then used the advanced IWI to investigate the changes in per capita IW and its capital composition in China's 10 National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zones from 2010 to 2019, and proposed sustainable development pathways for Chinese cities. Our results underline the fact that IW and capital structure across different types of cities is highly variable. The growth of IW per capita in Shenzhen, an international metropolis, mainly depends on advanced produced capital and intangible capital. For Ordos, however—a resource‐rich “energy city”—the per capita IW is driven by ordinary produced capital and restricted by non‐renewable natural capital, thus showing a low level of sustainability. Through its consideration of four kinds of capital, this study also points out the inequality of human capital between urban‐rural and male‐female groups, and demonstrates how increasing educational attainment helps to promote the transfer of human capital between regions and sectors. In general, a strong potential for sustainable development is linked to the promotion of highly educated human capital, advanced produced capital and intangible capital, while the ecosystem service value of natural capital is also key.
Atmospheric Rivers Contribute to Summer Surface Buoyancy Forcing in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Edholm Johan M. , Swart Sebastiaan , Plessis Marcel D. , Nicholson Sarah‐Anne
Published: August 2022

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) dominate moisture transport globally; however, it is unknown what impact ARs have on surface ocean buoyancy. This study explores the surface buoyancy gained by ARs using high‐resolution surface observations from a Wave Glider deployed in the subpolar Southern Ocean (54°S, 0°E) between 19 December 2018 and 12 February 2019 (55 days). When ARs combine with storms, the associated precipitation is significantly enhanced (189%). In addition, the daily accumulation of AR‐induced precipitation provides a buoyancy gain to the surface ocean equivalent to warming by surface heat fluxes. Over the 55 days, ARs accounted for 47% of the total precipitation equating to 10% of the summer surface ocean buoyancy gain. This study indicates that ARs play an important role in the summer precipitation over the subpolar Southern Ocean and that they can alter the upper‐ocean buoyancy budget from synoptic to seasonal timescales.
Dynamical Complexity Response in Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Across Eastern Africa Sector During Geomagnetic Storms Using Neural Network Entropy
Authors: Oludehinwa I. A. , Velichko A. , Ogunsua B. O. , Olusola O. I. , Odeyemi O. O. , Njah A. N. , Ologun O. T.
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the response of dynamical complexity in traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) across Eastern Africa sector during major geomagnetic storms. Detrended total electron content derived from eight stations of Global Positioning System receivers across Eastern Africa was used to unveil the transient features of dynamical complexity response in TIDs. Neural network entropy (NNetEn) was applied to the detrended TEC time series data to capture the degree of dynamical complexity. The NNetEn track the distinct features associated with the occurrence of TIDs. The results show that as the signatures of TIDs begin to emerge, low values of NNetEn signifying reduction in the degree of dynamical complexity response were observed while high values of NNetEn were depicted as the signatures of TIDs subsides signifying increase in the dynamical complexity response. Reduction in dynamical complexity response associated with the occurrence of TIDs is more evident in the Southern Hemisphere compared to Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, we found that the propagation of TIDs is more prominent at Equinoctial season compared to solstitial season. The latitudinal observation of NNetEn revealed higher degree of dynamical complexity response in ADIS and NEGE signifying that the development of TIDs is minimal in ADIS and NEGE. Finally, the reduction in dynamical complexity associated with the occurrence of TIDs were obvious during all the phases of geomagnetic storms. In particular, the dynamical complexity response at initial and recovery phases of geomagnetic storm depicts more TIDs features.
Integrated relationship of nasopharyngeal airway host response and microbiome associates with bronchiolitis severity
Authors: Fujiogi Michimasa , Raita Yoshihiko , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Freishtat Robert J. , Celedón Juan C. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Piedra Pedro A. , Zhu Zhaozhong , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei
Published: August 2022

Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalizations but its immunopathology remains poorly understood. Here we present data from 244 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis in a multicenter prospective study, assessing the host response (transcriptome), microbial composition, and microbial function (metatranscriptome) in the nasopharyngeal airway, and associate them with disease severity. We investigate individual associations with disease severity identify host response, microbial taxonomical, and microbial functional modules by network analyses. We also determine the integrated relationship of these modules with severity. Several modules are significantly associated with risks of positive pressure ventilation use, including the host-type I interferon, neutrophil/interleukin-1, T cell regulation, microbial-branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen modules. Taken together, we show complex interplays between host and microbiome, and their contribution to disease severity.
Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in non-human primates
Authors: Marlin Romain , Desjardins Delphine , Contreras Vanessa , Lingas Guillaume , Solas Caroline , Roques Pierre , Naninck Thibaut , Pascal Quentin , Behillil Sylvie , Maisonnasse Pauline , Lemaitre Julien , Kahlaoui Nidhal , Delache Benoit , Pizzorno Andrés , Nougairede Antoine , Ludot Camille , Terrier Olivier , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Relouzat Francis , Chapon Catherine , Ho Tsong Fang Raphael , van der Werf Sylvie , Rosa Calatrava Manuel , Malvy Denis , de Lamballerie Xavier , Guedj Jeremie , Le Grand Roger
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exemplified that rigorous evaluation in large animal models is key for translation from promising in vitro results to successful clinical implementation. Among the drugs that have been largely tested in clinical trials but failed so far to bring clear evidence of clinical efficacy is favipiravir, a nucleoside analogue with large spectrum activity against several RNA viruses in vitro and in small animal models. Here, we evaluate the antiviral activity of favipiravir against Zika or SARS-CoV-2 virus in cynomolgus macaques. In both models, high doses of favipiravir are initiated before infection and viral kinetics are evaluated during 7 to 15 days after infection. Favipiravir leads to a statistically significant reduction in plasma Zika viral load compared to untreated animals. However, favipiravir has no effects on SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics, and 4 treated animals have to be euthanized due to rapid clinical deterioration, suggesting a potential role of favipiravir in disease worsening in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. To summarize, favipiravir has an antiviral activity against Zika virus but not against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cynomolgus macaque model. Our results support the clinical evaluation of favipiravir against Zika virus but they advocate against its use against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dynamic mechanisms of CRISPR interference by Escherichia coli CRISPR-Cas3
Authors: Yoshimi Kazuto , Takeshita Kohei , Kodera Noriyuki , Shibumura Satomi , Yamauchi Yuko , Omatsu Mine , Umeda Kenichi , Kunihiro Yayoi , Yamamoto Masaki , Mashimo Tomoji
Published: August 2022

Type I CRISPR-Cas3 uses an RNA-guided multi Cas-protein complex, Cascade, which detects and degrades foreign nucleic acids via the helicase-nuclease Cas3 protein. Despite many studies using cryoEM and smFRET, the precise mechanism of Cas3-mediated cleavage and degradation of target DNA remains elusive. Here we reconstitute the CRISPR-Cas3 system in vitro to show how the Escherichia coli Cas3 (EcoCas3) with EcoCascade exhibits collateral non-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) cleavage and target specific DNA degradation. Partial binding of EcoCascade to target DNA with tolerated mismatches within the spacer sequence, but not the PAM, elicits collateral ssDNA cleavage activity of recruited EcoCas3. Conversely, stable binding with complete R-loop formation drives EcoCas3 to nick the non-target strand (NTS) in the bound DNA. Helicase-dependent unwinding then combines with trans ssDNA cleavage of the target strand and repetitive cis cleavage of the NTS to degrade the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) substrate. High-speed atomic force microscopy demonstrates that EcoCas3 bound to EcoCascade repeatedly reels and releases the target DNA, followed by target fragmentation. Together, these results provide a revised model for collateral ssDNA cleavage and target dsDNA degradation by CRISPR-Cas3, furthering understanding of type I CRISPR priming and interference and informing future genome editing tools.
The supernova remnant SN 1006 as a Galactic particle accelerator
Authors: Giuffrida Roberta , Miceli Marco , Caprioli Damiano , Decourchelle Anne , Vink Jacco , Orlando Salvatore , Bocchino Fabrizio , Greco Emanuele , Peres Giovanni
Published: August 2022

The origin of cosmic rays is a pivotal open issue of high-energy astrophysics. Supernova remnants are strong candidates to be the Galactic factory of cosmic rays, their blast waves being powerful particle accelerators. However, supernova remnants can power the observed flux of cosmic rays only if they transfer a significant fraction of their kinetic energy to the accelerated particles, but conclusive evidence for such efficient acceleration is still lacking. In this scenario, the shock energy channeled to cosmic rays should induce a higher post-shock density than that predicted by standard shock conditions. Here we show this effect, and probe its dependence on the orientation of the ambient magnetic field, by analyzing deep X-ray observations of the Galactic remnant of SN 1006. By comparing our results with state-of-the-art models, we conclude that SN 1006 is an efficient source of cosmic rays and obtain an observational support for the quasi-parallel acceleration mechanism.
Structural bases for aspartate recognition and polymerization efficiency of cyanobacterial cyanophycin synthetase
Authors: Miyakawa Takuya , Yang Jian , Kawasaki Masato , Adachi Naruhiko , Fujii Ayumu , Miyauchi Yumiko , Muramatsu Tomonari , Moriya Toshio , Senda Toshiya , Tanokura Masaru
Published: August 2022

Cyanophycin is a natural biopolymer consisting of equimolar amounts of aspartate and arginine as the backbone and branched sidechain, respectively. It is produced by a single enzyme, cyanophycin synthetase (CphA1), and accumulates as a nitrogen reservoir during N2 fixation by most cyanobacteria. A recent structural study showed that three constituent domains of CphA1 function as two distinct catalytic sites and an oligomerization interface in cyanophycin synthesis. However, it remains unclear how the ATP-dependent addition of aspartate to cyanophycin is initiated at the catalytic site of the glutathione synthetase-like domain. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of CphA1, including a complex with aspartate, cyanophycin primer peptide, and ATP analog. These structures reveal the aspartate binding mode and phosphate-binding loop movement to the active site required for the reaction. Furthermore, structural and mutational data show a potential role of protein dynamics in the catalytic efficiency of the arginine condensation reaction.