bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The bone degenerative processes in senile fishes from Holocene Brazilian shell mounds
Authors: Aguilera O , Rocha I , Lopes M S , Lima I , Lopes R T , Machado A S , Guimarães R B , Crapez M A C , Tenório M C , Nepomuceno A
Published: July 2017

Zooarchaeological collections from shell mounds in Rio de Janeiro (2,470–4,632 calBP) contain a high prevalence of swollen fish bones belonging to the Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) and fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). Given the lack of knowledge of the bone degenerative process in senile fishes, this study analysed hyperostotic bone in zooarchaeological and modern specimens to obtain high‐resolution morphology and microstructure reconstruction. We used microCTas well as X‐ray diffraction to characterize the crystallographic changes associated with fish senility. Our results showed that trabecular microstructures in hyperostotic bones were consistent with estimated values of the per cent bone volume‐to‐total volume ratio (BV/TV) and were greater than 60% in cortical bone. Hyperostotic bones indicated a high radiograph density, and X‐ray diffractograms showed a decrease in hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and calcite (CaCO3) neocrystallization. These crystalline and density changes revealed an advanced stage of fish senile and indicate the vulnerability of ageing fish populations.
Oral and upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease
Authors: Laube Robyn , Liu Ken , Schifter Mark , Yang Jessica L , Suen Michael K , Leong Rupert W
Published: July 2017

Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous, inflammatory condition that can affect any location of the gastrointestinal tract. Proximal gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 0.5–16% of patients, and it is usually diagnosed after recognition of intestinal disease. Symptoms are often mild and nonspecific; however, upper gastrointestinal disease predicts a more severe Crohn's phenotype with a greater frequency of complications such as obstruction and perforation. Gastroscopy and biopsy is the most sensitive diagnostic investigation. There is a paucity of data examining the treatment of this condition. Management principles are similar to those for intestinal disease, commencing with topical therapy where appropriate, progressing to systemic therapy such as glucocorticoids, 5‐aminosalicylic acid, immunomodulators, and biologics. Acid suppression therapy has symptomatic but no anti‐inflammatory benefit for gastroduodenal and esophageal involvement. Surgical intervention with bypass, strictureplasty, or less frequently, endoscopic balloon dilation may be required for complications or failed medical therapy.
Clinicopathological characteristics of desmoplastic ameloblastoma: A systematic review
Authors: Anand Rahul , Sarode Gargi S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Reddy Mamatha , Unadkat Hemant V. , Mushtaq Shazia , Deshmukh Revati , Choudhary Shakira , Gupta Nitin , Ganjre Anjali P. , Patil Shankargouda
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present review was to systematically present the clinicopathological data of desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) from articles published in the literature. A comprehensive search of the databases (PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for published articles on DA was conducted. A total of 238 cases were identified and analyzed from 76 published papers. DA showed a slight male predilection (male: female=1.07:1) with a predominance in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Mandibular involvement (52.55%) was most commonly seen with a marked tendency for the anterior region (mandible: 40.9%, maxilla: 48.07%). The size of the lesion ranged from .5 cm to 20.4 cm, with the majority of cases measuring more than 3 cm in size (53.84%). Radiologically, most of the lesions presented mixed radiolucency and radiopacity (62%), and root resorption was observed in only seven cases. The majority of the lesions showed ill‐defined margins upon radiographic examination (65.78%). Most of the cases were treated with resection (78.57%), and five of the 10 recurrent cases were treated by enucleation/curettage. DA is characterized by the unique presentation of clinicopathological parameters. It is not possible to comment on its aggressive/recurrent nature and best treatment modality due to inadequate follow‐up data.
The feasibility of using pedometers for self‐report of steps and accelerometers for measuring physical activity in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities across an 18‐month intervention
Authors: Ptomey L. T. , Willis E. A. , Lee J. , Washburn R. A. , Gibson C. A. , Honas J. J. , Donnelly J. E.
Published: July 2017

Background

Improving physical activity in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is recommended to improve weight loss and general health. However, in order to determine the success of physical activity interventions, identification of feasible methods for assessment of physical activities is necessary. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of adults with IDD to track daily steps and wear an accelerometer.

Methods

Overweight/obese adults with mild to moderate IDD followed a diet and physical activity program for 18 months. All participants were asked to wear a pedometer and track steps daily by using a pedometer and to provide accelerometer data for 7 days at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Adherence to the pedometer protocol and plausibility of the number of recorded steps were assessed, and these measures along with average wear time of the accelerometer were recorded.

Results

Data were collected from 149 participants (36.5 ± 12.2 years of age, 57% female). Participants recorded a step value on 81.5% of days across the 18‐month study, with 40.9% of written days classified as plausible. When wearing the accelerometer, 26.8% of participants met the recommended 4‐day/10‐h wear time criterion at baseline, and 22.6, 24.8 and 18.8% met the criterion at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Adults with IDD will adhere reasonably well to wearing a pedometer long term, but may be unable to record the step data accurately. Furthermore, adults with IDD have poor compliance with accelerometer protocols, and future studies should determine if a shorter wear time protocol would produce valid data in this population.
Pressure and equilibrium in deforming rocks
Authors: Hobbs Bruce E. , Ord Alison
Published: July 2017

It is widely proposed that tectonic pressure (the difference between the mean stress and the pressure arising from a lithostatic load) is large, and has a significant influence on mineral phase equilibria in deforming metamorphic rocks. The implication/assertion is that the mean stress is equivalent to the thermodynamic pressure which characterizes mineral phase equilibria and is a measure of how the energy changes as the volume changes. We distinguish two useful thermodynamic pressures. The first is an equilibrium thermodynamic pressure, characteristic of non‐dissipative systems and related directly to equilibrium values of the chemical potentials that define stable, equilibrium phase assemblages. The second is a non‐equilibrium thermodynamic pressure characteristic of dissipative systems with zero net entropy production and related to non‐equilibrium chemical potentials that define stable non‐equilibrium phase assemblages. In many dissipative metamorphic systems discussed in the literature, the concepts of thermodynamic pressure and chemical potential are not usefully defined because the system is not at equilibrium and/or no volume change is involved in the deformation. The conclusion of this note is that the influence of tectonic pressure on phase equilibria is minor. The role of tectonic pressure is an important issue but is only relevant to phase equilibrium when an equilibrium thermodynamic pressure can be defined; in such cases, the influence of tectonic pressure is small compared to many proposals in the literature. Except for elastic deformations, the mean stress is not useful in discussing mineral phase equilibrium.
Experimental study on ablation of leiomyoma by combination high‐intensity focused ultrasound and iodized oil in vitro
Authors: Liang Zhi‐Gang , Gao Yi , Ren Xiao‐Yan , Sun Cui , Gu Heng‐Fang , Mou Meng , Xiao Yan‐Bing
Published: July 2017

Aim

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether iodized oil (IO) enhances high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine leiomyoma and to determine the features of hyperechoic changes in the target region.

Methods

Forty samples of uterine leiomyoma were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, the leiomyoma was ablated by HIFU 30 min after 1 mL of iodized oil had been injected into the center of the myoma. The hyperechoic values and areas in the target region were observed by B‐modal ultrasound after HIFU ablation. The samples were cut successively into slices and stained by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution within 1 h after HIFU ablation. The diameters of TTC‐non‐stained areas were measured and tissues in the borderline of the TTC‐stained and ‐non‐stained areas were observed pathologically. All procedures in the control group were the same as those in the experimental group except IO was replaced by physiological saline.

Results

The hyperechoic value in the target region in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group 4 min after HIFU ablation (P < 0.05). Hyperechoic areas in the target region as well as TTC‐non‐stained volumes in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Routine pathologic observation showed that coagulation necrosis of leiomyoma occurred in the target region in both groups.

Conclusion

IO causes coagulation necrosis, enlarges tissue damage, and postpones the attenuation of hyperechoic changes in the target region when HIFU ablation is carried out for leiomyoma in vitro.
Management of ureteral endometriosis with hydronephrosis: Experience from a tertiary medical center
Authors: Huang Jing‐Zhi , Guo Hong‐Ling , Li Jin‐Bo , Chen Shu‐Qin
Published: July 2017

Aim

We report the clinical characteristics and experience of the surgical management of ureteral endometriosis in our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with hydronephrosis resulting from ureteral endometriosis.

Results

Forty‐six patients with different degrees of hydronephrosis were included in the study; 35% had urinary tract symptoms. Concomitant involvement of the ipsilateral ovary occurred in more than two‐thirds of the patients. Four patients had nephrectomy, one of which involved ureterolysis because of hydronephrosis recurrence six months later.

Conclusions

Hydronephrosis may be caused by uncommon reasons, such as ureteral endometriosis, which can even cause silent loss of renal function. Routine ultrasound scanning of the upper urinary tract for severe stages of endometriosis is very important in order to detect any potential ureteral lesions. Ureterolysis should be considered as the first surgical step, not only to avoid iatrogenic ureteral injuries but also to better evaluate ureter involvement for further procedures. To warrant tension‐free and lesion‐free anastomosis, it is wise to perform ureteroneocystostomy for long‐term sound results.
Sudden onset of pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis at 38 weeks of gestation resulted in intrauterine fetal death: A case report
Authors: Iwase Jun , Yamanaka Michiko
Published: July 2017

A 24‐year‐old woman at 38 weeks of gestation with no past medical history was transferred to our hospital because of acute onset of severe dyspnea. Her conscious level was E4V2M5 on the Glasgow Coma Scale and she displayed stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) with multiple organ failure. Intrauterine fetal death was confirmed. After immediate application of intubated ventilation, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support and hemodialysis, she was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis. After multidisciplinary team discussion, surgical resection of the left pheochromocytoma was performed on the same day. However, the bleeding from retroperitoneal drainage did not decrease, therefore, on the fourth day of hospitalization, embolization of the left renal artery under angiography was performed. A 2774 g female infant was stillborn spontaneously on the seventh day of hospitalization. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was discontinued on the fifth day of hospitalization and the tracheal tube was extubated on the 11th day. The patient was discharged after 30 days.
Delayed hemorrhage as a result of ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after transmyometrial oocyte retrieval: Management by transcatheter arterial embolization using N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate
Authors: Takeda Akihiro , Koike Wataru , Hayashi Shotaro
Published: July 2017

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication that can occur after various uterine manipulations. A 34‐year‐old nulliparous patient with a previous history of four consecutive miscarriages with unknown etiologies underwent transmyometrial oocyte retrieval as a result of malpositioning of the right ovary. Six days later, she experienced massive vaginal bleeding after a day of intermittent bleeding and was transferred to our hospital. At triage, continuous bleeding from the cervical canal was observed. Color Doppler ultrasonography and three‐dimensional computerized tomographic angiography revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm originating from the peripheral branch of the right uterine artery in the lower uterine segment. It was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. Transcatheter arterial embolization with N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate is a feasible option for uterus‐preserving management of late massive hemorrhage resulting from a ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after transmyometrial oocyte retrieval.
Baseline anemia in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after an acute coronary syndrome—A paradox of high bleeding risk, high ischemic risk, and complex coronary disease
Authors: Yazji Khaled , Abdul Fairoz , Elangovan Senthil , Ul Haq Muhammad Z. , Ossei‐Gerning Nick , Morris Keith , Anderson Richard , Kinnaird Tim
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To define more clearly the associations between baseline anemia, bleeding/ischemia risk, coronary disease severity, and outcomes by revascularization completeness.

Background

Anemia is associated with adverse outcomes in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods and Results

Data was sourced from hospital databases for patients admitted with an ACS to a single center between 2011 and 2014. Using WHO anemia criteria, 468 (26.9%) of 1731 patients were anemic. In anemic patients, the mean CRUSADE score (34.6 ± 16.9 vs 24.6 ± 13.4, P < 0.0001), mean GRACE scores (165.8 ± 44.9 vs 141.6 ± 40.1, P < 0.0001), and percentage of patients with a high/very high CRUSADE score combined with a high GRACE score (69.3 vs 48.3%, P < 0.0001) was much greater than non‐anemic patients. Patients with baseline anemia were more likely to have left main or chronic occlusive disease, and more diseased vessels. The percentage of patients with residual disease (41.2 vs 30.7%, P < 0.0001), the number of residual diseased vessels (0.59 ± 0.83 vs 0.42 ± 0.72, P < 0.0001), and the percentage with a residual CTO (62.4 vs 56.4%, P = 0.036) were all higher than in non‐anemic patients. The duration of anti‐platelet therapy was significantly shorter in anemic patients (7.8 ± 4.3 vs 11.2 ± 2.4 months, P < 0.001). At 12‐months, mortality and stent thrombosis were more likely to occur in anemic patients, with the number of residual vessels associated with adverse survival regardless of anemia status.

Conclusions

Patients with anemia present with high ischemia and bleed risk scores, complex coronary disease, and have adverse outcomes. Incomplete revascularization was associated with worse survival regardless of anemia status.
Genome‐wide analysis of carbohydrate‐active enzymes in Pyramimonas parkeae (Prasinophyceae)
Authors: Satjarak Anchittha , Graham Linda E.
Published: July 2017

The wall‐less green flagellate Pyramimonas parkeae is classified in clade I of the prasinophytes, a paraphyletic assemblage representing the last common ancestor of Viridiplantae, a monophyletic group composed of the green algae and land plants. Consequently, P. parkeae and other prasinophytes illuminate early‐evolved Viridiplantae traits likely fundamental in the systems biology of green algae and land plants. Cellular structure and organellar genomes of P. parkeae are now well understood, and transcriptomic sequence data are also publically available for one strain of this species, but corresponding nuclear genomic sequence data are lacking. For this reason, we obtained shotgun genomic sequence and assembled a draft nuclear genome for P. parkeaeNIES254 to use along with existing transcriptomic sequence to focus on carbohydrate‐active enzymes. We found that the P. parkeae nuclear genome encodes carbohydrate‐active protein families similar to those previously observed for other prasinophytes, green algae, and early‐diverging embryophytes for which full nuclear genomic sequence is publically available. Sequences homologous to genes related to biosynthesis of starch and cell wall carbohydrates were identified in the P. parkeae genome, indicating molecular traits common to Viridiplantae. For example, the P. parkeae genome includes sequences clustering with bacterial genes that encode cellulose synthases (Bcs), including regions coding for domains common to bacterial and plant cellulose synthases; these new sequences were incorporated into phylogenies aimed at illuminating the evolutionary history of cellulose production by Viridiplantae. Genomic sequences related to biosynthesis of xyloglucans, pectin, and starch likewise shed light on the origin of key Viridiplantae traits.
Actigraph measures of sleep among female hospital employees working day or alternating day and night shifts
Authors: Korsiak Jill , Tranmer Joan , Leung Michael , Borghese Michael M. , Aronson Kristan J.
Published: July 2017

Sleep disturbance is common among shift workers, and may be an important factor in the effect of shift work on chronic disease development. In this cross‐sectional study, we described sleep patterns of 294 female hospital workers (142 alternating day–night shift workers, 152 day workers) and determined associations between shift work and sleep duration. Rest–activity cycles were recorded with the ActiGraph GT3X+ for 1 week. Analyses were stratified by chronotype of shift workers. Using all study days to calculate average sleep duration, shift workers slept approximately 13 min less than day workers during main sleep periods, while 24‐h sleep duration did not differ between day workers and shift workers. Results from age‐adjusted models demonstrated that all shift workers, regardless of chronotype, slept 20–30 min less than day workers on day shifts during main and total sleep. Early and intermediate chronotypes working night shifts slept between 114 and 125 min less than day workers, both with regard to the main sleep episode and 24‐h sleep duration, while the difference was less pronounced among late chronotypes. When sleep duration on free days was compared between shift workers and day workers, only shift workers with late chronotypes slept less, by approximately 50 min, than day workers during main sleep. Results from this study demonstrate how an alternating day–night shift work schedule impacts sleep negatively among female hospital workers, and the importance of considering chronotype in sleep research among shift workers.
Attention and Mental Primer
Authors: Beck Jacob , Schneider Keith A.
Published: July 2017

Drawing on the empirical premise that attention makes objects look more intense (bigger, faster, higher in contrast), Ned Block has argued for mental paint, a phenomenal residue that cannot be reduced to what is perceived or represented. If sound, Block's argument would undermine direct realism and representationism, two widely held views about the nature of conscious perception. We argue that Block's argument fails because the empirical premise it is based upon is false. Attending to an object alters its salience, but not its perceived intensity. We also argue that salience should be equated with mental primer, a close cousin of mental paint that reintroduces difficulties for direct realism and representationism. The upshot is that direct realism and representationism are still in trouble, but not for the reason that Block thinks.
Feeling and Deceiving: A Review and Theoretical Model of Emotions and Deception in Negotiation
Authors: Methasani Redona , Gaspar Joseph P. , Barry Bruce
Published: July 2017

Deception is pervasive in negotiation, and emotions are integral to the deception process. In this article, we review the theoretical and empirical research on emotions and deception in negotiation and introduce a theoretical model. In our review of the research, we find that emotions profoundly influence the decision to use deception. We also find that although negotiation is inherently interpersonal, theoretical and empirical research on deception has focused on the intrapersonal effects of emotion. For this reason, we integrate theory and research on the interpersonal effects of emotions into research on deception and propose a model—the Interpersonal Emotion Deception Model—that relates the emotions of a counterpart to the deception decisions of a negotiator. Our review and model expands our understanding of the important role of emotions in the deception decision process and provides a theoretical foundation for future research in the intrapersonal and interpersonal perspectives.
Chilling‐responsive DEMETER‐LIKE DNA demethylase mediates in poplar bud break
Authors: Conde Daniel , Le Gac Anne‐Laure , Perales Mariano , Dervinis Christopher , Kirst Matias , Maury Stéphane , González‐Melendi Pablo , Allona Isabel
Published: July 2017

Annual dormancy‐growth cycle is a developmental and physiological process essential for the survival of deciduous trees in temperate and boreal forests. Seasonal control of shoot growth in woody perennials requires specific genetic programmes responding to environmental signals. The environmental‐controlled mechanisms that regulate the shift between winter dormancy and the growth‐promoting genetic programmes are still unknown. Here, we show that dynamics in genomic DNA methylation levels are involved in the regulation of dormancy‐growth cycle in poplar. The reactivation of growth in the apical shoot during bud break process in spring is preceded by a progressive reduction of genomic DNA methylation in apex tissue. The induction in apex tissue of a chilling‐dependent poplar DEMETER‐LIKE 10 (PtaDML10) DNA demethylase precedes shoot growth reactivation. Transgenic poplars showing downregulation of PtaDML8/10 caused delayed bud break. Genome‐wide transcriptome and methylome analysis and data mining revealed that the gene targets of DEMETER‐LIKE‐dependent DNA demethylation are genetically associated with bud break. These data point to a chilling‐dependent DEMETER‐like DNA demethylase mechanisms being involved in the shift from winter dormancy to a condition that precedes shoot apical vegetative growth in poplar.
Botrytis cinerea B05.10 promotes disease development in Arabidopsis by suppressing WRKY33‐mediated host immunity
Authors: Liu Shouan , Ziegler Jörg , Zeier Jürgen , Birkenbihl Rainer P. , Somssich Imre E.
Published: July 2017

The large WRKY transcription factor family is mainly involved in regulating plant immune responses. Arabidopsis WRKY33 is a key transcriptional regulator of hormonal and metabolic processes towards Botrytis cinerea strain 2100 infection and is essential for resistance. In contrast to B. cinerea strain 2100, the strain B05.10 is virulent on wild‐type (WT) Col‐0 Arabidopsis plants highlighting the genetic diversity within this pathogen species. We analysed how early WRKY33‐dependent responses are affected upon infection with strain B05.10 and found that most of these responses were strongly dampened during this interaction. Ectopic expression of WRKY33 resulted in complete resistance towards this strain indicating that virulence of B05.10, at least partly, depends on suppressing WRKY33 expression/protein accumulation. As a consequence, the expression levels of direct WRKY33 target genes, including those involved in the biosynthesis of camalexin, were also reduced upon infection. Concomitantly, elevated levels of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were observed. Molecular and genetic studies revealed that ABA negatively influences defence to B05.10 and effects jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) and salicylic acid (SA) levels. Susceptibility/resistance was determined by the antagonistic effect of ABA on JA, and this crosstalk required suppressing WRKY33 functions at early infection stages. This indicates that B. cinerea B05.10 promotes disease by suppressing WRKY33‐mediated host defences.
Attachment, trust, and satisfaction in relationships: Investigating actor, partner, and mediating effects
Authors: FITZPATRICK JOSÉE , LAFONTAINE MARIE‐FRANCE
Published: July 2017

Romantic relationship dissatisfaction has been cited as a primary reason for seeking mental health services (H. M. Foran, M. A. Whisman, & S. R. H. Beach, 2015). An increasing number of studies have revealed the importance of romantic attachment in understanding relationship satisfaction (M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver, 2016). This study aims to assess dyadic trust as a possible mediator of the relation between insecure romantic attachment and relationship satisfaction within a Canadian community sample of 199 heterosexual couples. Results revealed significant actor and partner effects. Specifically, male and female attachment avoidance, as well as male attachment anxiety, predicted lower dyadic trust, which in turn predicted lower relationship satisfaction. These results add to the current literature, suggesting important gender differences in the effects attachment has on overall relationship satisfaction.
Quantitative real‐time PCR detection of a harmful unarmoured dinoflagellate, Karlodinium australe (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Kon Nyuk Fong , Lau Winnie L. S. , Hii Kieng Soon , Law Ing Kuo , Teng Sing Tung , Lim Hong Chang , Takahashi Kazuya , Gu Haifeng , Lim Po Teen , Leaw Chui Pin
Published: July 2017

We investigated a harmful algal bloom (HAB) associated with the massive fish kills in Johor Strait, Malaysia, which recurred a year after the first incident in 2014. This incident has urged for the need to have a rapid and precise method in HAB monitoring. In this study, we develop a SYBR green‐based real‐time PCR (qPCR) to detect the culpable dinoflagellate species, Karlodinium australe. Species‐specific qPCR primers were designed in the gene region of the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA). The species specificity of the primers designed was evaluated by screening on the non‐target species (Karlodinium veneficum, Takayama spp., and Karenia spp.) and no cross‐detection was observed. The extractable gene copies per cell of K. australe determined in this study were 19 998 ± 505 (P < 0.0001). Estimation of cell densities by qPCR in the experimental spiked samples showed high correlation with data determined microscopically (R2 = 0.93). Using the qPCR assay developed in this study, we successfully detected the 2015 bloom species as K. australe. Single‐cell PCR and rDNA sequencing from the field samples further confirmed the finding. With the sensitivity as low as five cells, the qPCR assay developed in this study could effectively and rapidly detect cells of K. australe in the environmental samples for monitoring purpose.
Does tax competition increase infrastructural disparity among jurisdictions?
Authors: Han Yutao , Pieretti Patrice , Zou Benteng
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates whether an economy that lags behind in infrastructure compared with other countries can make up its shortfall when it competes for foreign direct investments. The main message of the paper is that jurisdictional competition can enable the lagging country to reduce the infrastructural gap if capital mobility is sufficiently high and the gap is not too large. Further, we show that size asymmetry reinforces (weakens) the effect in reducing the infrastructural disparity resulting from interjurisdictional competition when the lagging economy is small (large).
Good and useless FDI: The growth effects of greenfield investment and mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Harms Philipp , Méon Pierre‐Guillaume
Published: July 2017

We explore the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, distinguishing between mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and “greenfield” investment. A simple model underlines that, unlike greenfield investment, M&As partly represent a rent accruing to previous owners, and do not necessarily contribute to expanding the host country's capital stock. Greenfield FDI should therefore have a stronger impact on growth than M&A sales. This hypothesis is supported by our empirical results that are based on a panel of up to 127 industrialized, emerging, and developing countries over 1990 to 2010.
Soil as Social‐Ecological Feedback: Examining the “Ethic” of Soil Stewardship among Corn Belt Farmers
Authors: Roesch‐McNally Gabrielle , Arbuckle J. Gordon , Tyndall John Charles
Published: July 2017

In this article we examine in‐depth interviews with farmers (n = 159) from nine Corn Belt states. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified a “soil stewardship ethic,” which exemplifies how farmers are talking about building the long‐term sustainability of their farm operation in light of more variable and extreme weather events. Findings suggest that farmers' shifting relationship with their soil resources may act as a kind of social‐ecological feedback that enables farmers to implement adaptive strategies (e.g., no‐till farming, cover crops) that build resilience in the face of increasingly variable and extreme weather, in contrast to emphasizing short‐term adjustments to production that may lead to greater vulnerability over time. The development of a soil stewardship ethic may help farmers to resolve the problem of an apparent trade‐off between short‐term productivist goals and long‐term conservation goals and in doing so may point toward an emergent aspect of a conservationist identity. Focusing on the message of managing soil health to mitigate weather‐related risks and preserving soil resources for future generations may provide a pragmatic solution for helping farmers to reorient farm production practices, which would have soil building and soil saving at their center.
Dialysate sodium and intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Hussein Wael F. , Schiller Brigitte
Published: July 2017

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in hemodialysis, particularly with the time and frequency constraints of standard session delivery in contemporary practice. High intradialytic weight gain (IDWG), high ultrafiltration rates (UFR), and frequent IDH are highly interlinked, and separately or together contribute to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in the hemodialysis population. Using a lower concentration of sodium in the dialysate (D‐Na) reduces sodium delivery to the patient during dialysis, and several studies reported the beneficial effect in controlling IDWG, UFR, and hypertension. On the other hand, high dialysate sodium is associated with more hemodynamic benefits in an unstable patient. The resulting sodium loading may, however, induce a vicious cycle of higher IDWG, requiring more rapid ultrafiltration, eventually contributing to intradialytic symptoms and hypotension. In this article, we review the available literature on fixed and profiled dialysate sodium prescriptions, and we recommend a tailored approach that considers the patient's status to optimize dialysis delivery.
The impact of dialysis modality and membrane characteristics on intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Patel Samir , Raimann Jochen G. , Kotanko Peter
Published: July 2017

The risk of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is determined by various factors, among them dialysis modality and dialyzer membrane.

We conducted a literature search in PubMed on November 1, 2016 and selected relevant randomized controlled and cross‐over trials, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies published in English that investigated the association between IDH and dialysis modality and membrane, respectively. This literature search revealed 669 publications on dialysis modality, 64 on dialysis membrane, and 24 on acetate/bicarbonate dialysate. After omission of duplicate papers and publications outside the scope of this review, we selected 34 papers for inclusion, 19 on dialysis modality, 8 on dialyzer membrane, and 7 on acetate/bicarbonate dialysate.

Several strands of evidence indicate that hemodiafiltration (HDF) is associated with lower IDH rates compared to hemodialysis (HD). Data do not show an unequivocal benefit of synthetic vs nonsynthetic dialyzer membranes with respect to IDH occurrence. Acetate‐based vs bicarbonate‐based dialysate appears to be associated with an increased IDH rate.
CD20‐Specific Immunoligands Engaging NKG2D Enhance γδ T Cell‐Mediated Lysis of Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Peipp M. , Wesch D. , Oberg H.‐H. , Lutz S. , Muskulus A. , van de Winkel J. G. J. , Parren P. W. H. I. , Burger R. , Humpe A. , Kabelitz D. , Gramatzki M. , Kellner C.
Published: July 2017

Human γδ T cells are innate‐like T cells which are able to kill a broad range of tumour cells and thus may have potential for cancer immunotherapy. The activating receptor natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) plays a key role in regulating immune responses driven by γδ T cells. Here, we explored whether recombinant immunoligands consisting of a CD20 single‐chain fragment variable (scFv) linked to a NKG2D ligand, either MHC class I chain‐related protein A (MICA) or UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2), could be employed to engage γδ T cells for tumour cell killing. The two immunoligands, designated MICA:7D8 and ULBP2:7D8, respectively, enhanced cytotoxicity of ex vivo‐expanded γδ T cells against CD20‐positive lymphoma cells. Both Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cells were triggered by MICA:7D8 or ULBP2:7D8. Killing of CD20‐negative tumour cells was not induced by the immunoligands, indicating their antigen specificity. MICA:7D8 and ULBP2:7D8 acted in a dose‐dependent manner and induced cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations. Importantly, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells isolated from patients were sensitized by the two immunoligands for γδ T cell cytotoxicity. In a combination approach, the immunoligands were combined with bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP), an agonist for Vδ2 γδ T cells, which further enhanced the efficacy in target cell killing. Thus, employing tumour‐directed recombinant immunoligands which engage NKG2D may represent an attractive strategy to enhance antitumour cytotoxicity of γδ T cells.
Thermomechanical characterization of stress localization in glass: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Corvec Guillaume , Robin Éric , Le Cam Jean‐Benoît , Lucas Pierre , Sangleboeuf Jean‐Christophe , Canevet Frédéric
Published: July 2017

Thermoelastic stress analysis and quantitative calorimetry are full‐field noncontact techniques widely used to study the thermomechanical behaviour of materials. The first one linearly relates the sum of the principal stresses to the temperature variation, and the second one can be used to measure the mechanical dissipation. However, brittle materials such as glass are a priori bad candidates for these techniques. Indeed, their low‐temperature variations under loading lead to very noisy infrared images, and their brittle mechanical behaviour does not allow to deform them significantly. In the present paper, the thermomechanical characterization of a holed glass sample under cyclic loading is performed. A preliminary new filtering methodology has been applied to the thermal movie to remove the noise. The stress field obtained from the thermoelastic stress analysis is well correlated to the finite element model showing that this technique is adapted to study the thermoelastic response of brittle materials. Finally, the corresponding calorimetric response has been determined by using a simplified formulation of the heat diffusion equation. This permits to quantify heat sources and to carry out energy balances.
Investigating the Effect of Reading Types Used in Turkish Lessons upon 5th Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Savaşkan Vafa
Published: July 2017

Reading that is the activity of identifying and interpreting the symbols in a text is essential in terms of broadening the horizon of individuals through learning new words, acquiring new understandings, and developing the creativity. Because reading is a learning domain that provides significant contribution upon mental development, it takes place in curriculums and teaching process. In order to fulfill a successful reading action, it is necessary to determine which type of reading practiced in a classroom environment is more efficient. Although implementing a type of reading constantly indicates it as successful, this is possible to change in some occasions.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of reading types used in Turkish lessons upon 5th grade students’ reading comprehension. In accordance with this purpose, each of the seven texts chosen by the researcher was provided to be read by a student group including twenty students through seven different reading types, and the students were also asked to answer comprehension questions prepared also by the researcher. In order for evaluating these questions, “Error Analysis Inventory” developed by Ekwall and Shanker and adapted into Turkish by Akyol was benefited. In the research, experimental design with post-test control group was used. At the end of the study, it was determined that silent reading affected the comprehension of students most with the rate of 81.4%, and reading by taking notes affected students’ comprehending what they read least with the rate of 27.3%. The findings obtained in the research were discussed, and subsequently, suggestions were offered in accordance with the results after interpretation.
Diffuse ultrasonic backscatter using a multi-Gaussian beam model
Authors: Li Xiongbing , Song Yongfeng , Arguelles Andrea P. , Turner Joseph A.
Published: July 2017

Diffuse ultrasonic backscatter is widely used to evaluate microstructural parameters of heterogeneous materials. Recent singly scattered response (SSR) models utilize a single-Gaussian beam (SGB) assumption which is expected to have limitations. Following a similar formalism, a model is presented using a multi-Gaussian beam (MGB) assumption to characterize the transducer beam for longitudinal-to-longitudinal scattering at normal incidence through an interface with arbitrary curvature. First, the Wigner transform of the transducer field is defined using conjugate double-layer MGB expressions. The theoretical analysis shows that ten groups of Gaussian beams are sufficient for convergence. Compared with the SGB-SSR curve, the shape of MGB-SSR curve is positive skewed. Differences between the MGB-SSR model and the SGB-SSR model are quantified and shown to be complex functions of frequency, sample curvature, transducer parameters, and focal depth in the material. Finally, both models are used to fit experimental spatial variance data from a 304 stainless steel pipe with planar, convex, and concave surfaces. The results show that the MGB-SSR has some characteristics suggesting a better fit to the experiments. However, both models result in grain size estimates within the uncertainty of the optical microscopy suggesting that the SGB is sufficient for normal incidence pulse-echo measurements.
Strength of onset and ongoing cues in judgments of lateral position
Authors: Freyman Richard L. , Zurek Patrick M.
Published: July 2017

This study describes the contributions to auditory image position of an interaural time delay (ITD) cue at onset relative to subsequent ITDs during the ongoing part of a stimulus. Test stimuli were trains of 1-ms binaural noise bursts; lateral position was measured with a wideband acoustic pointer that subjects adjusted to match the intracranial position of test stimuli. In different conditions the ongoing part of the stimulus (the bursts following the first one) either had a consistent ITD (the same ITD on each ongoing burst), or had alternating leading and lagging components with ITDs that opposed one another. As duration of the ongoing part was increased from 4 to 250 ms, with the initial ITD fixed, lateral position changed from being dominated by the onset ITD to being dominated by the ongoing consistent or leading ITD. With alternating ongoing ITDs equal contributions from onset and ongoing parts were obtained at an ongoing duration of about 40 ms; with consistent ongoing ITDs equal contributions were obtained at about 15 ms. The results point up the increased dominance of onset cues when ongoing cues are ambiguous, as they often are in real-world settings.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Virulent Phage MS1
Authors: Kot Witold , Sabri Mourad , Gingras Hélène , Ouellette Marc , Tremblay Denise M. , Moineau Sylvain
Published: July 2017

The lytic
Streptococcus pneumoniae
phage MS1 was isolated from a throat swab of a patient with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. The genome of this siphophage has 56,075 bp, 42.3% G+C content, and 77 open reading frames, including queuosine biosynthesis genes. Phage MS1 is related to pneumococcal phage Dp-1.
100K Pathogen Genome Project
Authors: Weimer Bart C.
Published: July 2017

The 100K Pathogen Genome Project is producing draft and closed genome sequences from diverse pathogens. This project expanded globally to include a snapshot of global bacterial genome diversity. The genomes form a sequence database that has a variety of uses from systematics to public health.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Isolates from Kerala, India
Authors: Jones Sara , Prasad Raji , Nair Anjana S. , Dharmaseelan Sanjai , Usha Remya , Nair Radhakrishnan R. , Pillai Radhakrishna Madhavan
Published: July 2017

We report here the whole-genome sequence of six clinical isolates of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, isolated from Kerala, India. Amino acid analysis of all gene segments from the A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates obtained in 2014 and 2015 identified several new mutations compared to the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus altitudinis YNP4-TSU, Isolated from Yellowstone National Park
Authors: OHair Joshua A. , Li Hui , Thapa Santosh , Scholz Matthew , Zhou Suping
Published: July 2017

Undisturbed hot springs inside Yellowstone National Park remain a dynamic biome for novel cellulolytic thermophiles. We report here the draft genome sequence of one of these isolates,
Bacillus altitudinis
YNP4-TSU.
Stigma kills! The psychological effects of emotional abuse and discrimination towards a patient with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Ruffell Simon
Published: July 2017

Our patient is a 58-year-old Ugandan woman. After her husband’s death in 1994, the patient was forced to leave her home by her late husband’s family and arrangements were made for her mother to provide care until her inevitable death. The patient suffered from multiple mental health disturbances as a result of discrimination. Socially isolated after years of self-neglect, she prepared to overdose. In 2007, she became open regarding her status after receiving psychosocial support from various sources. She opened her home as an HIV clinic with the help of a local doctor, and subsequently the majority of her psychological symptoms were resolved. This case illustrates the negative impact that stigma and discrimination can have on mental and consequently physical health, both acutely and chronically. It also highlights the importance of social and psychological support in maintaining the well-being of patients with HIV globally.
Which foods are displaced in the diets of adults with type 2 diabetes with the inclusion of eggs in their diets? A randomized, controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Njike Valentine Y , Annam Rachel , Costales Victoria Christina , Yarandi Niloufarsadat , Katz David L
Published: July 2017

Background

The inclusion or exclusion of specific foods from the overall diet inevitably affects other food choices, and this matter is routinely neglected in dietary guidance and nutritional epidemiology. We examined how the inclusion of eggs in the diets of type 2 diabetics affected dietary pattern.

Methods

Randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 34 adults (mean age 64.5 years; 14 women, 20 men) with type 2 diabetes assigned to one of two possible sequence permutations of two different 12-week treatments (two eggs/day or egg exclusion), with 6-week washout periods. For the egg inclusion phase, participants received advice from a dietitian on how to preserve an isocaloric condition relative to the egg exclusion phase. To assess changes in dietary pattern in the diets of our study participants, we analyzed the 12 components of the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.

Results

The inclusion of eggs was associated with reduced consumption of refined grains nearing statistical significance (−0.7±3.4 vs 0.7±2.2; p=0.0530). The consumption of total protein foods significantly increased from baseline (0.3±0.7; p=0.0153) with the inclusion of eggs for 12 weeks, while the consumption of dairy products significantly decreased with the exclusion of eggs from their diets (−1.3±2.9; p=0.0188).

Conclusions

Eggs in the diets of type 2 diabetics may lead to increased consumption of some healthful foods and reduced consumption of some less healthful foods.

Trial registration number

NCT02052037; Post-results.