bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of cellular immune response by evaluation of some cytokines in immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and C pre- and post- treated Iraqi patients (in vivo and in vitro)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Two groups of chronic hepatitis B and C virus patients were divided into Pre-treated patients (25 CHB patients with positive HBs Ag for more than 6 months and 40 CHC patients), and post-treated patients [12 CHB patients (4, 6, and 2 were treated with lamivudine, IFN-? and combination of LMV + IFN-? respectively), and 27 patients for CHC (3, 13 and 11 patients were treated with Ribavirin, IFN-? and combination therapy (RBV+ IFN-?) respectively].These patients were followed up for 6 months.
By using ELISA technique, levels of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-? and TNF-? were measured in vivo and in vitro (supernatant of PBMCs stimulated with PHA) and compared with healthy control. The mean level of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-? in CHB patients showed significant differences (P
Influence of Immersion Period on the Corrosion Behavior of Heat Treated Biomedical Alloy Ti -5Al - 2.5Fe
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Heat treatment by solid solution method in the ?+? phase region was used at 970°C for Ti-5Al-2.5Fe alloy. The specimens cooled under different cooling media [water quenched (WQ), air cooled (AC) and furnace cooled (FC)], and subsequently aged at 550°C for 4 hours. Five specimens from each treatment were immersed in simulated body fluid SBF for a period of time (3 months). The dependence of corrosion rate on compositional variation in the phases resulted from various type of cooling rates are discussed based on immersion tests. The EDXA results show the precipitation of phosphate and calcium compounds on the alloy after 3 months of immersion in blood plasma solution forming a bone-like apatite, which enhanced the alloy biocompatibility making it more suitable to use as biomedical implant.
Urinary tract infection incidence in college students
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Result of studying (61) urine samples collected from students department of Biology in the College of Education-Tikrit University and the people who hold signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections with those who do not have any signs or symptoms through a questionnaire has been with the collection of samples, and the total cases were infected (39 ) cases, a rate (63.9%) distributed (28) cases a female (68.2%) and male (11) cases event rate (55%), while the distribution of positive cases among age groups have emerged group (20-22 years) is the highest rate (56%) females. The results of urine cultures accompany the presence of different types of bacteria sick and E.coli bacteria is the highest ratios positive also it is the most common causative agents of urinary tract infections ,it is the predominant organism to be isolated. Less frequent causative Staphylococcus aureus . Susceptibility of isolates to various antimicrobial drugs was also studied. The result demonstrates the frequent incidence of resistant bacteria to commonly used drugs especially Ampicilline, Tetracyclin.
Kinetic studies of AST isoenzymes I,II,III,IV partially purified from patient,s urine with chroinc renal failure
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research, the kinetic studies of four isoenzymes of Asprtate aminotransferase, which partially purified from the urine of chronic renal failure patients were carried out .The four isoenzymes were obeyed Michaelis-Menton's equation and the optimum concentration of their substrate (Aspartic acid) was (166.5x10-3) mole/liter,and their Km values were determined.
Four isoenzymesI,II,III,IV have shown an optimum pH at 7.4.The four isoenzymes obeyed Arrhenius equation up to 37º C and their Ea and Q10 constants were determined .
The effect of aqueous extracts and isolation proteinous compound from clove buds on serumglucose, triglyceride , glutathione and malnodialdehyde levels in alloxan induced diabetic mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was included preparing acold aqueous extract of clove buds The study also comprised the isolation and studying the proteinous compound,which was seperated using gel filtration technique and determined approximately molecular weight of this isolated compound(6799) dalton .
The aim of the study demonstrate effects of the crude aqueous, non proteinous extract, proteinous precipitate and proteinous compound on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, also glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues in diabetic mice-induced alloxan.Extracts were administerated interaperitioneally.
The results were indicated that the crude aqueous, non proteinous extract, proteinous precipitate and proteinous compound which were caused asignificant decrease in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and malondialdehyde level in liver and kidney tissues, while aproteinous precipitate don’t show asignificant decrease in serum cholesterol level but all extracts don’t show asignificant changes in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level in alloxan induced diabetic mice, on other wise all extracts
showed asignificant increase in glutathione level in liver and kidney tissues except non proteinous extract and proteinous precipitate which were caused asignificant increase in glutathione level in liver tissue only.
Structural and Optical Properties of SnS2:Cu Thin films prepared by chemical Spbay Pyrolysis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Thin filis have been prepared from the tin disulphide (SnS2 ), the pure and the doped with copper (SnS2:Cu) with a percentages (1,2,3,4)% by using ahemical spray pyrolysis techniqee on substrate of glass heated up to(603K)and sith thicknesses (0.7±0.02)?m ,after that the films were treated thermally with a low pressure (10-3mb) and at a temperature of (473K) for one hour.
The influence of both doping with copper and the thermal treatment on some of the physical characteristics of the prepared films(structural and optical) was studied.
The X-ray analysis showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline Hexagonal type.
The optical study that included the absorptance and transmitance spectra in the weavelength range (300-900)nm demonstrated that the value of absorption coefficient (?) was greater than (104 cm-1) for the pure and doped films and that the electronic transitions at the fundamental absorption edge were of the indirect kind whether allowed or forbidden and the value of the optical energy gap in the case of the indirect transition, the allowed decreased from (2 eV) to (1.8,1.7,1.5,1.2)eV at the doping percentages (1,2,3,4)% respectively, also it was found that the value of energy gap for the pure and doped films increased after annealing.
Tthe absorption and transmission spectra were used to find the optical constant including refractive index(n), extinction coefficient (k), imaginary and real part of dielectric constant (?1 &?2) , and it was found that all the optical constant was affected by changing the doping percentages; in addition to being affected after treating the films thermally
Construction of Phenytoin Selective Electrodes and Its Application to Pharmaceutical Preparation
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Phenytoin selective electrodes were constructed based on penytoin-phosphotungstate (Ph-PT) complex with different plasticizers; di-butyl phosphate (DBP), tri-butyl phosphate (TBP), di-butyl phthalate (DBPH),and o-nitro phenyl octyl ether (NPOE) phthalate. The electrodes based on DBPH, ONPOE plasticizers gave Narnistain slope which are, 56.4 and 55.3mV/decade with detection limit of 1.9x10-5 M , 1.8x10-5 and concentration range 10-1 to 10-4 M and pH range 3.0 – 8.0. The electrodes based on TBP and DBP showed non-Nernistain slopes, 40.2,40.5 mV/decade for both plasticizers. Interfering of some cations was investigated and shows no interfering with electrodes response. Potentiometric methods were used for measuring phenytion in pharmaceutical drugs (tablets) and the electrode based on DBPH was used for determination. The recovery obtained from measuring was in good agreements with that given in British Pharmacopeias.
Local and Global Uniqueness Theorems of the N-th Order Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider inequalities in which the function is an element of n-th partially order space. Local and Global uniqueness theorem of solutions of the n-the order Partial differential equation Obtained which are applications of Gronwall's inequalities.
New theorems in approximation theory
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to prove some results for equivalence of moduli of smoothnes in approximation theory , we used a"non uniform" modulus of smoothness and the weighted Ditzian –Totik moduli of smoothness in by spline functions ,several results are obtained .For example , it shown that ,for any the inequality , is satisfied ,finally, similar result for chebyshev partition and weighted Ditzian –Totik moduli of smoothness are also obtained.
Effect of the aqueous extract of Banana Fruits Peal Musa paradisiaca on Mitosis in Plant and Mammalian cells
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aqueous extract of banana fruits peal was tested for its effect on mitosis . The root tips of Allium cepa were used as plant test system and the bone marrow cells of the albino mice Mus musculus were used as mammalians test system in vivo .Root tips of Allium cepa were treated for four hours with five concentrations of the extract (5 , 10 , 20 , 40 ,60 mg / ml.).The Metaphase was arrested in all the treatments , the highest percentage ( 100 % ) was recorded in the first concentration , the last concentration caused stickiness and clumping of the chromosomes. The treatments did not cause significant difference in the mitotic index. The peals extract (5 mg /ml) was compared with the extracts of fruits bulb, leaves and roots of banana plant, it was found that the extract of fruits peal is the best considering the highest percentages of arrested Metaphase in the root tips cells. The albino mice Mus musculus were injected intraperitonial with the peals extract ( 0.01 , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg / gm body weight), the percentages of arrested Metaphase in the bone marrow of these animals were comparable to the recorded percentages when the animals were injected with colchicine ( 0.01 mg / gm b.w.) .This study revealed the antimitotic activity of the aqueous extract of banana fruits peal on both the plant and mammalian cells in vivo. Studies will be conducted to investigate the effect of the extract and its components on the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
The effect of Sunn bug Eurygaster intgriceps infection of wheat on the Capability of bread making
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study aims to identifying the effect of Eurygaster integriceps infection on the quality features of the local wheat varity IBA 99.
The result revealed significant decrease in the percentage of protein of infected wheat at (4, 5)% compared to sound wheat values for the sound wheat were (10.9%) whereas those for the infected wheat were(9.0, 8.4 )% also the result revealed significant increased in the percentage of ash in the infected wheat flour. The result showed significant decrease in the percentage of wet and dry gluten in the infected wheat by sun bug at the rate of (2, 3, 4, 5)% compared to sound wheat value (27, 9% and 25, 23, 22, 22, 20%) for wet gluten and (8.2, 7.8, 7, 7.2, 6%) for dry glutin .
The value of sedimentation of the infected wheat decreased as of the infection increased it reached 22 ml for sound wheat and (22, 20, 20, 17, 17,)ml for infected wheat at percentage (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% respectively. The result of falling number test have also shown significant decreased as infection rate increased, it reached(330) for sound wheat and ( 322,307, 282, 260, 250)second for infected wheat at percentage (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% respectively.
There were no significant different between the specific volume value of product loaf of infected wheat flour by sunn bug at percentage (1, 2, 3)% but the different were significant in specific volum value of infected wheat flour at rate (4 and 5)% compared to sound wheat. The sensitive evaluation of bread referred to no significant differences of quality and baking properties for loaf of infected wheat flour at (1, 2, 3,%) compared to sound wheat but the loaf of infected wheat flour at 4 and 5 % have low quality and baking properties compared to the loaf of sound wheat.
New Method for the Determination of DL-Histidine by FIA and Chemiluminometric Detection
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This paper present a simple and sensitive method for the determination of DL-Histidine using FIA-Chemiluminometric measurement resulted from oxidation of luminol molecule by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium in the presence of DL-Histidine. Using 70?l. sample linear plot with a coefficient of determination 95.79% for (5-60) mmol.L-1 while for a quadratic relation C.O.D = 96.44% for (5-80) mmol.L-1 and found that guadratic plot in more representative. Limit of detection was 31.93 ?g DL-Histidine (S/N = 3), repeatability of measurement was less that 5% (n=6). Positive and negative ion interferances was removed by using minicolume containing ion exchange resin located after injection valve position.
Effect of alcohol and hot aqueous extracts for Leaves of Adhatodavasicaon the 1st larval instars ofMuscadomestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol and hot aqueous extracts for leaves of Adhatoda vasica on, first larval instars Musca domestica. They were exposed to the suggested concentrations of alcoholic extract which were (500, 1000, 1500, 2000) PPM while the suggested concentrations of the hot aqueous extracts (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500)PPM. The alcoholic (Methanol) extract of leaves was much effective on to killing the first larval instars of the M. domestica than hot aqueous extract.
Studying of the optical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) films using Aluminum sulphate as additive by measuring allowed direct transition energy gap
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The change in the optical band gap and optical activation energy have been investigated for pure Poly (vinyl alcohol)and Poly (vinyl alcohol) doped with Aluminum sulphate to proper films from their optical absorption spectra. The absorption spectra were measured in the wave range from (200-700) nm at temperature range (25-140) 0C. The optical band gap (Eg) for allowed direct transition decrease with increase the concentration of Aluminum sulphate. The optical activation energy for allowed direct transition band gap was evaluated using Urbach- edges method. It was found that ?E increases with increasing the concentration of Al2 (SO4)3 and decreases when temperature increases.
Epidemiological Study of Viral Hepatitis/ Chibayish Marsh Reality in Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Total of 170 samples were collected from Al-Chibayish Marsh reality in Dhi-Qar governorate southern of Iraq to study the epidemology of viral hepatitis in these areas and to detect the type of hepatitis viruses which include A ,B,C,D .The percentage of hepatitis A was 1.17% and most of them below age of ?10 (66.6%) while infection with hepatitis B account 5.29% and includes all age groups. There was no detected cases of hepatitis C,D.
The laboratory study showed that the incidence of hepatitis B higher in male (4.11%) compared to female ( 2.35%)
The effect of methanol and water plant extracts of Cordia myxa on Some pathogenitic bacteria and Candida albicans
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

this study aimed to study the effect of Cordia myxa extract on the growth and activities of the following types of bacteria : Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus Spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes , Bacillus subtilus, and the yeast Candida albicans .the results showed an inhibitory effect of the methanol extract on both the growth and activity of the tested microbes .this was reflected by the minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) of different type of bacteria and the yeast.
Effect of some Organic Pollutants (furfural and toluene) on Biological Aspects of Free- living Ciliate Oxytricha falax
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Samples of Oxytricha falax were collected from Tigris River by 55µ. mesh net.
Culturing of O. falax were cultivated in specific conditions (DO 3-5mg/l.; W.Temp. 24±1ºC; pH: 6.8-7.5).The effect of various furfural concentration 0, 20, 40, 80,100 and 124 ppm and toluene concentration 0, 15, 30, 34.2, 34.5 and 35 ppm after two periods of treatment (24 and 48 hr.) on the physiological parameters of O. falax ciliate were observed. This study showed that the lethal concentration of furfural was 124ppm and 80ppm after 24hr. and 48hr. from treatment which killed all the individual community respectively. Furthermore the treatment of O. falax individuals with different concentrations of toluene indicated that 34.5 ppm of it caused disappearance of the individuals' population after 48hr., while the 35ppm concentration from toluene caused dead of all individuals after 24 hr. from their treatment.
Toxicity effects of some heavy metals on the growth of alga Scenedesmus dimorphus
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The toxicity effect of some heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) on the growth of alga Scenedesmus dimorphus which belongs to the Division of Chlorophyta was studied and depended on the total cell number . The growth rate and doubling time were also calculated accordingly in present of absent of the the heavy metals . There were differences in toxic effects of the metals (p
Measurement of Photon Buildup Factor for Samples of Iraqi Carbon Black Material
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The buildup factor was measured after irradiating Iraq carbon black powder using each of and sources respectively, using mixing ratios 40% & 50% for thickness range .
The results showed that the buildup factor depends on energy and has limited dependence on the mixing ratio. The QIFT program succeeded accenting for the experimental results even for expected values more than 4 m.f.p outside the thickness range.
Study The effect of central ion to the dithene complexes on spectral shifting of saturable absorber band
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work dithine complexes prepared from dithiol benzil ligand and central ion to the Ni,Pd,Pt, element the ligand and complexes have been investigated using FTIR spectrophotometer and uv-vis-NIR spectral reigns show higher intensity represents the ?-?* transition in the chromopher cycle .These absorption which appear in visible and near IR spectral regions ,According to the complexes of one group ,the spectral shifting due to the change of central ion has been found to be related to atomic number of central ion .This shifting is increased while decreasing the central ion atom number These complexes have been implemented in Nd+2:YAG cavity because each posses resonant absorption band near Nd+2:YAG, Nd+2:Glass emitting at (1060nm). pulse duration measured to complexes dissolved in dioxin(2*10-3M) is very short compared with free running pulse duration ,therefore the complexes work as Q-switch to the NIR lasers.
Development Binary Search Algorithm
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

There are many methods of searching large amount of data to find one particular piece of information. Such as find name of person in record of mobile. Certain methods of organizing data make the search process more efficient the objective of these methods is to find the element with least cost (least time).
Binary search algorithm is faster than sequential and other commonly used search algorithms.
This research develops binary search algorithm by using new structure called Triple, structure in this structure data are represented as triple. It consists of three locations
(1-Top, 2-Left, and 3-Right)
Binary search algorithm divide the search interval in half, this process makes the maximum number of comparisons (Average case complexity of Search) is O(log2 n) (pronounce this "big-Oh-n" or "the order of magnitude"), if we search in a list consists of (N) elements.
In this research the number of comparison is reduced to triple by using Triple structure, this process makes the maximum number of comparisons is O(log2 (n)/3+1) if we search key in list consist of (N) elements.
The effect of Tilt Angle, Surface Azimuth and Mirror in Solar Cell Panel Output in Baghdad.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research (100* 40* 4 cm) solar cell panel was used in Baghdad at autumn season (2010), to get best solar cell panel angles experimentally, and then a mirror (40*50 cm) is use to concentrate incident sunlight intensity on a panel. At first case we get (Tilt angle ?P =60°and Surface Azimuth angle ?P =36°E) is the best angles and other case, we add a mirror at angle = 120° at bottom of panel, then we get output power (27.48watt) is bigger than without using a mirror (25.16watt). We can benefit from these cases in variety applications.
Determination of Uranium Concentration in Sheep Organs for Some Iraqiۥs Cities
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration and its distribution in many sheep organs that live in different region of Iraq. The uranium concentration in tissue samples is measured by using fission tracks registration in CR-39 detector that caused by the bombardment of U235 with thermal neutrons from (241Am-Be) neutron source of thermal flux (5x 103 n.cm-2. s-1). The results show that the maximum uranium concentration in bronchiole tissues of the animals was found in Karbala city (3.706ppm) while the minimum concentration (0.127 ppm) was found in Al-Faluja city, also the same result in lung tissue the maximum value was found in Karbala city (2.313ppm) and the minimum concentration in Al Fluja (0.082). Otherwise, the maximum concentration in liver tissue was found in AdDiwaniyah city (1.156ppm) while the minimum concentration in Al Fluja city (0.153ppm). The uranium concentrations in heart tissues were found various than the previous results. The results of average uranium concentration in each animal were ranged from 0.149 to 1.675 ppm, the maximum values were found in the cities in south region of Iraq.
Oscillations of First Order Linear Delay Differential Equations with positive and negative coefficients
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Oscillation criteria are obtained for all solutions of the first-order linear delay differential equations with positive and negative coefficients where we established some sufficient conditions so that every solution of (1.1) oscillate. This paper generalized the results in [11]. Some examples are considered to illustrate our main results.
Phase transformation study of Iraqi Bentonite with Al2O3 and MgO as additions at high temperatures
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Iraqi bentonite is used as main material for preparing ceramic samples with the additions of alumina and magnesia. X-ray diffractions analyses were carried out for the raw material at room temperature. The sequence of mineral phase's transformations of the bentonite for temperatures 1000 ,1100 ,1200 and 1250 ºC reflects that it finally transformed in to mullite 39.18% and cristobalite 62.82%. Samples of different weight constituent were prepared. The effect of its constitutional change reveals through its heat treatments at 1000,1100,1200,1250and 1300ºC .The samples of additions less than 15% of alumina and magnesia could not stand up to 1300ºC while the samples of addition more than 15% are stable .That is shown by analyzing of X-ray diffraction pattern after heat treatments of the samples. The growth of mineralogical phases like cordierite, anorthite ,mullite, cristobalite wollastonite with highest percentage ratio of anorthite 87.53%,cordirite77.35% and wallostonite 62.35% .So the presence refractory materials in the obtained samples highly support the possibility of using the bentonite with additions in the ceramics industry for high temperatures.
Histological study of Culex pipiens pipiens larvae and adults infected with Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to show the histological changes that 0ccured in Culex pipiens pipiens larvae and adults infected with Beauveria bassiana . The 4th instar larvae and adult mosquitoes were infected with B.bassiana in 10-4 spore/ml dilution, after 96 hours histological section was studied showing that the fungi infected all the body parts specially Cuticle , Epiderms, fat bodies and midgut. After 120 hours of exposure to the fungi the insect have a white appearance and covered with a thick coat of hyphea. Thus study shows biological control of B .bassiana on mosquitoes.
Study of Some Epidemiological Aspects of Giardiasis in North of Baghdad
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Different factors have been examined to be related with the prevalence of Girdiasis in the north of Baghdad in human beings which were (gender, age , occupation ,family size,faecal status and presence of domestic animals) during the period from the beginning of April 2009 till the end of March 2010. This study revealed that the total rate of infection in human being was 11.66% , and no significant differences (p?0.05) were noticed between male and female as their rates of infection were 52.32% and 47.68% respectively , as well as no significant relation was observed between faecal status and the rate of infection, the percentage of positive cases in diarrheal patients was higher than the non diarrheal patients who were 74.41 and 25.59 respectively ,while there was significant relation between the presence of domestic animals and prevalence of giardiasis (p?0.05) ,the infectivity rate reached to 23.25% in persons who had domestic animals in their household .Also high infection rate have been recorded among children less than 10 years old which was 51.16 % when it compared with other age groups, as well as preschool children and person belong to family composed of (5-9) individual were observed to be the majority groups that infected with Giardia which were 44.18% and 50% respectively, although there were no significant relation (p?0.05) between each of age, occupation and family size with infectivity rate of Gairdia.
Determination of optimal conditions for laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus using sawdust as solid medium and its use in phenol degradation
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The ability of four local fungal isolates for extracellular laccase production has been tested with five grams 1:1(w/v) humidified sawdust as substrate in mineral salt medium. After 21 day of incubation at 25±1 ? C and using one mycelial plug (5mm), higher level of laccase activity (0.15U/ml) and specific activity (15U/mg) were observed by Pleurotus ostreatus in comparison with other fungal isolates. The results of optimum conditions for laccase production from selected isolate showed that, the maximum laccase activity (0.55U/ml) and specific activity (55U/mg) were obtained at moisture ratio 1:3 (w/v), using 3 mycelial plugs (5 mm), after 15 days incubation period at 25±1 ? C. The results of phenol degradation by crud laccase revealed that, 100% degradation of phenol occurred after 24 hr of incubation at 25 ? C using shaking water bath except at 200mg/l, the remaining phenol was 10.13%.
Paramyxoviruses and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by periods of quiescence and exacerbation, epidemiological data suggest the notion that MS is an acquired autoimmune disease caused by environmental factors, probably infectious, in genetically susceptible individuals.The submitted research was attempted to study the possible viral (Paramyxoviruses) role in MS, the sera of 57 MS patients were assayed for anti-measles and anti-mumps IgG antibodies using ELISA technique, the results were compared in order to establish the presence or absence of a significant difference regarding both number of positive cases and antibodies titer between the two groups, the results revealed that there is no in number of measles positive cases in both MS patients and controls while a significant difference in number of positive cases of mumps and measles anti-measles IgG titer and a highly significant difference regarding mumps IgG Abs titer between the two studied groups, this may be considered as a preliminary indicator to the role of those two paramyxoviruses in MS.
Synthesis and Characterization of Derivatives Based on 4, - Dimercaptobiphenyl
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Starting from 4, - Dimercaptobiphenyl, a variety of phenolic Schiff bases (methylolic, etheric, epoxy) derivatives have been synthesized. All proposed structure were supported by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR Elemental analysis all analysis were performed in center of consultation in Jordan Universty.
Determination the Concentration of the Radon in some Drinking Bottled Water in Baghdad using LR-115 Detector
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In the present study ten samples of bottled water from Baghdad conservative were taken to measure the concentration of radon gas by using nuclear track detector LR-115.The result obtained are varying from(0.033)to(0.007)pCi.l-1and these values are very low than the allowed limits (5) pCi.l-1, and specific activity from bottled water has been calculated which was vary from (0.00027)to(0.00126) Bq.l-1 and these values are very low than allowed limits (0.0123) Bq.l-1 that mean the bottled water was treated with good treatment to decrease the side effect of radon
Nitrogen Uptake and Response to Radiation Distribution in the Canopy of High‐Yield Maize
Authors: Liu Guangzhou , Hou Peng , Xie Ruizhi , Ming Bo , Wang Keru , Liu Wanmao , Yang Yunshan , Xu Wenjuan , Chen Jianglu , Li Shaokun
Published: March 2019

Nitrogen is an essential element for maize (Zea mays L.). Farmers in developed countries most often apply more N fertilizer than necessary, which reduces N use efficiency (NUE). Improving radiation and N distribution, and thus the NUE of modern maize production systems with high plant density, is of great significance. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Xinjiang, China, using hybrid maize cultivar DH618 with high density. In addition, a synthesis analysis was conducted using data from 95 publications to observe N characteristics under different yield levels and compare the experimental results with existing studies. The relationship between radiation and N distribution in the canopy of high‐yield maize was also assessed. Nitrogen uptake was significantly correlated with grain yield. However, N uptake per unit grain yield and grain N concentration at maturity decreased as grain yield increased. The positive correlations between radiation and leaf and stalk N concentrations at silking showed that N concentration at silking increased as the height of the canopy layer increased because of increased radiation in the canopy. These results indicate that maize hybrids with erect upper leaves and high post‐silking N uptake can coordinate and optimize the distribution of radiation and N in different canopy layers and thus improve NUE and yield under high‐density production.
Sanatın Özerklik İkileminde Müze
Authors: Köksal Ayşe H.
Published: March 2019

Makale,
sanatın kurumsallaşması ile özerkleşmesi arasındaki karşılıklı-çelişik ilişkiyi
müze ekseninde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Modernlik ile birlikte, müze ve sanat
birbirini tanımlar hale gelmiş, bu durum kaçınılmaz bir bağımlılık yaratmıştır.
Müze-sanatı, müze üzerinden tanımlanan sanat yapıtı ya da tersi, her alanın özerkliğine
dair sorgulamaları artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, makalede, sanatın bir mücadele
alanı olarak müzede özerkliğini kazanma çabası üzerinde durulacaktır. Bundan
hareketle, avangardların formalist anlayış ile sanatın biricikliğine direnerek
oluşturduğu karşı-kültürün oluşumunda müzenin etkisi incelenecektir. 1970
sonrasında, Neo-Avangardların bu karşı-kültürü müze üzerinden
kurumsallaştırması süreci değerlendirilecek, buna göre sanatın özerkliğinin
kuruma direnme gücü tartışılacaktır. Neticede, sanatın kurum ve özerklik
ikileminden özgürleşmesinin, özerklik anlayışını özümsemiş bir kurumsal yapı
ile gerçekleşeceği düşünülmektedir.
Marka Değerine Etkileri Açısından Reklamlardaki İmgeler ve Göstergebilimsel Açıdan Değerlendirme
Authors: Kurtcu Fatih
Published: March 2019

İnsanoğlu günümüzde imgeler, biçimler ve simgelerle sarılmış bir
dünyada yaşamakta ve düşüncelerini, görüşlerini başkalarına aktarırken bu
göstergeleri kullanmaktadır. Reklam imgeleri ise ürünlerin arzulanmasını
sağlayarak; onları satmak ve satışlarını artırmak için üretilmektedirler. Öyle
ki imgeler statüyü de belirlemekte önemli rol oynamaktadır. Satın alınan ürün
ile birlikte o ürüne ait olan statü de satın alınmış olur. Böylece görsel
imgeler üzerinden markanın kaliteli, iyi, kötü, güvenilir, ucuz, pahalı v.b.
olduğu anlatılabilir. Reklamlarda kullanılan göstergeler ve bunların
algılanmasındaki unsurlar değerlendirildiğinde işitsel ve görsel olarak bir
takım imgeleri bünyelerinde barındırdıkları görülmektedir. İmgeler yoluyla
reklamlarda sanat yapıtlarına atıf yapılması veya en azından biçim dizimsel
açıdan sanat yapıtlarından hareketle üretilmesi ise reklamın anlamını
güçlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak,
reklamlardaki imgelerin marka değerine etkilerinin örneklerle incelenmesi ve
sanat yapıtlarından hareketle oluşturulan reklamların göstergebilimsel açıdan
içerik analizi yer almaktadır.
Brain-eating Amoebae Infection: Challenges and Opportunities in Chemotherapy
Authors: Mungroo Mohammad Ridwane , Anwar Ayaz , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah
Published: March 2019

Pathogenic free-living amoeba are known to cause a devastating infection of the central nervous system and are often referred to as “brain-eating amoebae”. The mortality rate of more than 90% and free-living nature of these amoebae is a cause for concern. It is distressing that the mortality rate has remained the same over the past few decades, highlighting the lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. With the threat of global warming and increased outdoor activities of public, there is a need for renewed interest in identifying potential anti-amoebic compounds for successful prognosis. Here, we discuss the available chemotherapeutic options and opportunities for potential strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of these life-threatening infections.
Suppression of TGF-β and ERK Signaling Pathways as a New Strategy to Provide Rodent and Non-Rodent Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Farzaneh Maryam , Derakhshan Zahra , Hallajzadeh Jamal , Sarani Neda Hosseini , Nejabatdoust Armin , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil
Published: March 2019

Stem cells are unspecialized cells and excellent model in developmental biology and a promising approach to the treatment of disease and injury. In the last 30 years, pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells were established from murine and primate sources, and display indefinite replicative potential and the ability to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. Despite large efforts in many aspects of rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cell culture, a number of diverse challenges remain. Natural and synthetic small molecules (SMs) strategy has the potential to overcome these hurdles. Small molecules are typically fast and reversible that target specific signaling pathways, epigenetic processes and other cellular processes. Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β/Smad) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)/ERK signaling pathways by SB431542 and PD0325901 small molecules, respectively, known as R2i, enhances the efficiency of mouse, rat, and chicken pluripotent stem cells passaging from different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the application of SM inhibitors of TGF-β and ERK1/2 with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) allows the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells in a chemically defined condition. In this review, we discuss recently emerging evidence that dual inhibition of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways plays an important role in regulating pluripotency in both rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cells.
Gentry churches in medieval England
Authors: Geraerts Jaap
Published: March 2019

Review of Nigel Saul, Lordship and faith. The English gentry and the parish church in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, vi + 384 p., ill., index)
Editorial
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: March 2019

It is my pleasure to present the first issue of the third volume of Lifespans & Styles: Undergraduate Working Papers on Intraspeaker Variation . This issue includes five papers on topics about within-speaker variation that are largely under-researched in the field of variationist sociolinguistics.
Análise empírica da concordância nominal de número no português popular e culto de Vitória da Conquista – Ba (Empirical analysis of nominal number agreement in standard and substandard portuguese in Vitória da Conquista – Ba)
Authors: Silva Jorge Augusto Alves da , Meira Gilberto Almeida Meira Almeida
Published: March 2019

Neste trabalho, discutimos o fenômeno da variação na concordância nominal de número no português culto de Vitória da Conquista por meio de um registro sistematizado da fala dos informantes à luz da Teoria da Variação e Mudança. Apresentamos um estudo comparativo entre os dados por nós analisados e os dados analisados por Guimarães (2014), referentes ao português popular.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concordância nominal de número. Estudo comparativo. Português popular. Português culto.
Discurso e sociedade: a democratização do acesso ao direito/justiça pela simplificação da linguagem jurídica (Discourse and society: the democratization of access to the law/justice by the simplification of the legal language)
Authors: Souza Antonio Escandiel de , Alves Carla Rosane Da Silva Tavares , Keitel Andrea Moser , Keitel Ana Luísa Moser
Published: March 2019

Numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, tendo em vista a abordagem que envolve a ciência da linguagem e do Direito, este artigo discute resultados de um estudo sobre a simplificação da linguagem jurídica como forma de democratizar o acesso à Justiça, sob a visão dos profissionais do contexto jurídico de Cruz Alta – RS. O estudo justifica-se pelo fato de que há uma grande dificuldade por parte da sociedade na compreensão de expressões jurídicas, o que dificulta o acesso à Justiça. Os dados evidenciam um avanço na aceitação e no exercício da simplificação da linguagem jurídica, antes praticamente inaceitável pelos operadores do direito.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Discurso. Simplificação. Democratização. Justiça. Poder.
DESEMPENHO DOS SERVIÇOS DE ESPECIALIDADES ODONTOLÓGICAS DA MACRORREGIÃO DE SAÚDE LESTE DA BAHIA
Authors: Conceição Bastos Neto Bartolomeu , Lucas Andrade Santos José , Macedo Cruz Pimenta Rodolfo , Paula de Souza Santos Lília
Published: March 2019

O estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o cumprimento das metas dos serviços de média complexidade em saúde bucal dos municípios da macrorregião Leste da Bahia no ano de 2016. Os dados referentes ao desempenho ambulatorial foram coletados no DATASUS e divididos em subgrupos: procedimentos básicos, procedimentos de periodontia, procedimentos de endodontia e procedimentos de cirurgia oral menor. Os dados referentes à estrutura dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas foram coletados no CNES. Os indicadores sociodemográficos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram analisados 19 estabelecimentos distribuídos em 14 municípios. Lauro de Freitas teve o melhor desempenho, cumprindo metas nas especialidades de Periodontia (258,14%), Cirurgia Oral (606,38%) e Procedimentos Básicos (419,69%). Todos CEOs de Salvador e dos municípios de Cachoeira, Governador Mangabeira, São Sebastião do Passé e Dias d’Ávila obtiveram desempenho regular, cumprindo duas das quatro metas estabelecidas. Madre de Deus, Candeias, São Félix, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Amargosa e Mata de São João, alcançaram apenas uma das metas. As cidades de Camaçari e Pojuca tiveram os piores desempenhos, não cumprindo meta em nenhuma das especialidades. A maioria dos estabelecimentos obteve desempenhos insuficientes, não cumpriram as metas estipuladas pelo Ministério da Saúde.
Do pensions reduce the incentive to work? Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Cuong Nguyen , Arouri Mohamed
Published: March 2019

In this study we investigate the impact of the receipt of contributory and
social pensions on the labour supply of individuals in Egypt, using
individual fixed-effect regressions and panel data from the Egypt Labour
Market Panel Surveys in 2006 and 2012. The study compares the effect of
social pensions and contributory pensions. We find that the receipt of
contributory pensions reduces the probability of working as well as the
probability of having a waged job of household members aged from 15. The
receipt of social pensions has no significant effect on the probability of
working for those aged 15-60. However, receiving social pensions can reduce
both working and labour market participation of people aged over 60.
The phraseological status of the construction with the meaning Odzvonilo je nekome/necemu in Slavic languages
Authors: Babic Zdravko
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the use of the construction with the meaning
Odzvonilo je nekome/necemu and its phraseological characteristics in
Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech and Slovak. Regardless of the specific
differences between these languages, in terms of the lexicographic nature of
this construction, our analysis has shown that the construction with the
meaning Odzvonilo je nekome/necemu in all these languages is used in the
same or almost the same contexts. This expression is most often used in
publications, particularly in newspaper headings, which represent the most
expressive part of the text. As this expression does not have the status of
phraseologism in the said languages, our main goal was to draw attention to
the characteristics that, in our opinion, provide it with such a status.
These are, primarily, a complex process of creation (ellipsis, metonymy,
and metaphor), pronounced expressiveness, the possibility of using a full
and truncated form of the perfect with the meaning related to what is yet
expected or hinted, and impersonal form.
Optimization of phenol biodegradation by immobilized Bacillus subtilis isolated from hydrocarbons-contaminated water using the factorial design methodology
Authors: Hamdi Hamida , Hellal Amina
Published: March 2019

The ability of newly isolated bacteria, identified as Bacillus subtilis immobilized on alginate hydrogel beads, to degrade phenol was investigated under different parameters, such as phenol concentration, bead diameter and inoculums size, and was optimized using full factorial design methodology. A mathematical model that governs the degradation of phenol by the immobilized system was obtained and it fitted the experimental data very well. The model indicated that within the range of variables employed, all the parameters and their interactions influenced the biodegradation process, whereby the phenol concentration was the most significant factor. B. subtilis revealed a very high degradation activity and could be grown using phenol as the sole source of carbon. Phenol was degraded by the new bacteria in 8 h under the optimum conditions obtained by the desirability function: 100 mg L-1 phenol concentration, 3 mm beads diameter and 244.5 mg of cell dry per liter biomass size, with a desirability value of 91.25 %.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA DAN KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS ANAK DI RUMAH BACA BANDUNG
Authors: Mustangin Mustangin
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas yang dikembangkan oleh rumah baca di Rita Home Library dalam menumbuhkan minat baca dalam rangka pembentukan karakter anak. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dan mengkaji dokumen yang terkait. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Rita Home Library berpusat pada peningkatan fokus bahasa inggris sehingga buku yang disajikan lebih banyak buku bahasa inggris, selain itu rumah baca di Rita Home Library menggabungkan antara perpustakaan rumah dan Pendidikan Nonformal yang sifatnya sukarela yaitu  pembelajaran bahasa inggris di hari jumat dan minggu. Sehingga hal tersebut yang banyak menarik anak-anak untuk membaca di Rita Home Library. Dan akhirnya, model yang dilakukan pada rumah baca di Rita Home Library dapat menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan model rumah baca untuk dapat menarik anak untuk berkunjung dan senang membaca.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) BERBANTU MEDIA GAMBAR DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MUATAN IPA TEMA 7 “PERISTIWA DALAM KEHIDUPAN” SISWA KELAS 5 SDN KECANDRAN 01 SALATIGA
Authors: Setyowati Wiwit Tri , Harjono Nyoto , Airlanda Gamaliel Septian
Published: March 2019

Penelitian dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar dengan berbantuan media gambar pada muatan IPA yang ada di Tema 7 subtema 2 dan 3. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 Mei-19 Mei 2018 oleh siswa SD Negeri kecandran 01 Salatiga  kelas 5 semester II tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian yang digunakan ialahpenelitian tindakan kelas. Persentase hasil pengukuran kreativitas siswa mengalami mengalami peningkatan dari prasiklus dengan presentase 40%  di siklus I meningkat menjadi 80%. Persentase penilaian kreativitas meningkat menjadi 90% setelah dilakukan tindakan siklus ke II. Hasil belajar di prasiklus siswa yang dinyatakan  tuntas berjumlah 13 siswa dengan persentase 43%, dantidak tuntas 17 siswa dengan persentase 57%. Setelah melakukan tindakan pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan yaitu 18 siswa tuntas dengan persentase 60% dan 12 siswa tidak tuntas dengan persentase 40%, hasil dari perbaikan siklus I belum mencapai indikator pencapaian yakni 80% ketuntasan, maka di laksanakan perbaikan siklus II. Setelah pelaksanaan siklus II terjadi peningkatanketuntasan yaitu 26 siswatuntas dengan persentase 87% sedangkan siswa yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 4 orang dengan persentase 13%. Dengan demikian perbaikan pembelajaran dengan Model Student  Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Berbantuan Media Gambar bisa ditarik kesimpulan berhasil karena hasil belajar meningkat mencapai tujaun yakni persentase 80%.