bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Ni�o Varies More Intensely Now Than in the Past Millennium
Authors: Melecio-Zambrano Luis
Published: December 2022

Researchers found evidence for a strengthening El Ni�o in living and fossilized Gal�pagos corals.
The Spatial Extent of Magnetopause Magnetic Reconnection From In Situ THEMIS Measurements
Authors: Atz Emil A. , Walsh Brian M. , Broll Jef M. , Zou Ying
Published: December 2022

Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause has long been studied with multi‐spacecraft observations. In this work, data from the five satellite THEMIS mission during the years of 2008–2010 are used to generate statistics regarding the spatial extent of magnetopause reconnection. The presence of a reconnecting magnetopause is determined with the Walén relation as two satellites cross the magnetopause simultaneously. In some cases both satellites measure reconnection whereas in others one satellite measures reconnection and the other does not. This study finds that two spacecraft are more likely to observe a contiguous reconnection region the closer they are spatially, and that reconnection is not always extended around the entire magnetopause. Plasma β gradient drifts are investigated as a cause of local reconnection suppression. Spacecraft position along the magnetopause flanks is also investigated as a possible spatial limitation to reconnection due to changes in shear flow or boundary thickness.
The Time Scale of Shallow Convective Self‐Aggregation in Large‐Eddy Simulations Is Sensitive to Numerics
Authors: Janssens Martin , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano Jordi , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , van Stratum Bart J. H. , de Roode Stephan R. , Siebesma A. Pier , Glassmeier Franziska
Published: December 2022

Numerical simulations of the tropical mesoscales often exhibit a self‐reinforcing feedback between cumulus convection and shallow circulations, which leads to the self‐aggregation of clouds into large clusters. We investigate whether this basic feedback can be adequately captured by large‐eddy simulations (LESs). To do so, we simulate the non‐precipitating, cumulus‐topped boundary layer of the canonical “BOMEX” case over a range of numerical settings in two models. Since the energetic convective scales underpinning the self‐aggregation are only slightly larger than typical LES grid spacings, aggregation timescales do not converge even at rather high resolutions (<100 m). Therefore, high resolutions or improved sub‐filter scale models may be required to faithfully represent certain forms of trade‐wind mesoscale cloud patterns and self‐aggregating deep convection in large‐eddy and cloud‐resolving models, and to understand their significance relative to other processes that organize the tropical mesoscales.
The Montello Thrust and the Active Mountain Front of the Eastern Southern Alps (Northeast Italy)
Authors: Picotti Vincenzo , Romano Maria Adelaide , Ponza Alessio , Guido Francesco Luigi , Peruzza Laura
Published: December 2022

New field and subsurface data are combined to define the geometry and evolution of the mountain front of the eastern Southern Alps. The Montello thrust (MT), the southernmost frontal structure, is reconstructed by recently published well‐located microseismicity and is connected at depth with the larger Bassano‐Valdobbiadene (BV) thrust. The latter started at 10–9 Ma, whereas the MT evolved at 8–6 Ma, as documented by growing unconformities in the foreland deposits and the nature of the natural gas in the anticline culmination. The latter, named Montello anticline, is growing from the upper Miocene to the Quaternary, as shown by surfaces of abrasion and deposition, including the Biadene windgap. The folded bottom of the windgap is a fan unit recently dated to the MIS 3. The MT is presently creeping and its deformation rates are much lower than previous estimates. Most of the late Miocene to Pleistocene deformation at the front of the eastern Southern Alps is accounted for the BV thrust. The reconstructed average shortening rates are in agreement with the geodetic velocity field from literature. The BV and MT are a unique active thrust system with variable slipping and locked patches, whose interactions should be further studied.
ΔNp63 maintains the fidelity of the myoepithelial cell lineage and directs cell differentiation programs in the murine salivary gland
Authors: Song Eun-Ah Christine , Che Monika , Osinski Jason , Smalley Kirsten , Horeth Erich , Sinha Satrajit , Romano Rose-Anne
Published: December 2022

Salivary glands consist of several epithelial cell types of distinct lineages and functional characteristics that are established by directed differentiation programs of resident stem and progenitor cells. We have shown that ΔNp63, a crucial transcriptional regulator of stem/progenitor cells, is enriched in both the basal and myoepithelial cell (MEC) populations and that ΔNp63 positive cells maintain all the descendent epithelial cell lineages of the adult mouse salivary glands (mSGs). Although this pivotal role of ΔNp63 in driving the broader epithelial cell fate and identity in the mSG has been demonstrated, how ΔNp63 functions specifically in the commitment and differentiation of the MEC population is less understood. Using multiple genetic mouse models that allow for cell tracing, we show that ΔNp63 is critical in maintaining and renewing MECs, in part through the transcriptional regulation of Acta2 gene expression, a defining marker of this cell population. We demonstrate that during adult mSG homeostasis, ΔNp63 enriched MECs function as bipotent progenitor cells that maintain not only the MEC population, but also the distinctly different ductal cell lineages. The fidelity of this process is dependent on ΔNp63 expression, since MEC-specific ablation of ΔNp63 results in altered MEC differentiation and affects cellular plasticity resulting in aberrant differentiation of the intercalated ducts and acinar cells. In contrast, we find that the contribution of MECs to ductal and acinar cell regeneration following severe injury is independent of ΔNp63. Our observations offer new insights into cellular mechanisms driving MEC fate choices and differentiation programs in the context of salivary gland homeostasis and in response to injury and regeneration. Long term, these findings have implications for better treatment of salivary gland dysfunction through stem cell-based approaches.
One-pot synthesis of stable antioxidant metal-ornamented polyphenol supramolecular assemblies for material engineering
Authors: Dai Qiong , Shu Tong , Yang Huayan , Su Lei , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Xueji
Published: December 2022

Natural polyphenols (NPPs) are of widespread interest in material engineering; however, only a small fraction of NPPs have been utilized in biomedical applications because of their poor solubility and instability in aqueous conditions. Herein, we report a family of metal-ornamented polyphenol supramolecular (MOPS) assemblies that are highly stable in aqueous solutions for over 6 months. In this one-pot, green synthesis method, metal ions are reduced in water by NPPs to form NPP-capped metal nanoclusters, which then assemble with more NPP molecules to form stable hydrophilic MOPS assemblies. This strategy is generally applicable to a range of NPPs (25 polyphenols tested) regardless of their original water solubility. The resulting stable MOPS assemblies, integrating attributes of both NPPs and metal nanoclusters, possess much stronger antioxidant capabilities than the NPPs, notably a multiplied capacity in superoxide-free radical scavenging capacity. MOPS assemblies can be further engineered, based on polyphenol chemistry, into various functional materials with potential for a wide range of antioxidant applications.
Approaching rehabilitation in patients with advanced glaucoma
Authors: Deemer Ashley D. , Goldstein Judith E. , Ramulu Pradeep Y.
Published: December 2022

Vision loss from advanced glaucoma is currently irreversible and impairs functional visual ability to effectively perform everyday tasks in a number of distinct functional domains. Vision rehabilitation strategies have been demonstrated to be effective in low vision populations and should be utilized in persons with advanced glaucoma to reduce disability and improve quality of life. Initial challenges to rehabilitation include an incomplete understanding of vision rehabilitation by the physician and patient, motivation to integrate rehabilitation into the plan of care, and availability of suitable providers to deliver this care. Physicians, working with well-trained vision rehabilitation providers can maximize function in important visual domains customized to the patient based on their needs, specific complaints, severity/pattern of visual damage, and comorbidities. Potential rehabilitative strategies to be considered for reading impairment include spectacle correction, visual assistive equipment, and sensory substitution, while potential strategies to facilitate driving in those deemed safe to do so include refractive correction, lens design, building confidence, restriction of driving to safer conditions, and avoiding situations where cognitive load is high. Mobility is frequently disrupted in advanced glaucoma, and can be addressed through careful distance refraction, behavior modification, home modification, mobility aids, walking assistance (i.e., sighted guide techniques), and smartphone/wearable technologies. Visual motor complaints are best addressed through optimization of lighting/contrast, sensory substitution, IADL training, and education. Special rehabilitative concerns may arise in children, where plans must be coordinated with schools, and working adults, where patients should be aware of their rights to accommodations to facilitate specific job tasks.
IL7 genetic variation and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma
Authors: Taylor Chelsea A. , Watson Robert A. , Tong Orion , Ye Weiyu , Nassiri Isar , Gilchrist James J. , de los Aires Alba Verge , Sharma Piyush Kumar , Koturan Surya , Cooper Rosalin A. , Woodcock Victoria K. , Jungkurth Elsita , Shine Brian , Coupe Nicholas , Payne Miranda J. , Church David N. , Naranbhai Vivek , Groha Stefan , Emery Paul , Mankia Kulveer , Freedman Matthew L. , Choueiri Toni K. , Middleton Mark R. , Gusev Alexander , Fairfax Benjamin P.
Published: December 2022

Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) frequently triggers immune-related adverse events (irAEs), causing considerable morbidity. In 214 patients receiving ICB for melanoma, we observed increased severe irAE risk in minor allele carriers of rs16906115, intronic to IL7. We found that rs16906115 forms a B cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) to IL7 in patients. Patients carrying the risk allele demonstrate increased pre-treatment B cell IL7 expression, which independently associates with irAE risk, divergent immunoglobulin expression and more B cell receptor mutations. Consistent with the role of IL-7 in T cell development, risk allele carriers have distinct ICB-induced CD8+ T cell subset responses, skewing of T cell clonality and greater proportional repertoire occupancy by large clones. Finally, analysis of TCGA data suggests that risk allele carriers independently have improved melanoma survival. These observations highlight key roles for B cells and IL-7 in both ICB response and toxicity and clinical outcomes in melanoma.
Thermal physiology integrated species distribution model predicts profound habitat fragmentation for estuarine fish with ocean warming
Authors: Harishchandra Akila , Xue Huijie , Salinas Santiago , Jayasundara Nishad
Published: December 2022

Species distribution models predict a poleward migration for marine ectotherms with ocean warming. However, a key limitation in current species distribution models (SDM) is that they do not account for population-specific heterogeneity in physiological responses to temperature change resulting from local adaptations and acclimatization. To address this gap, we developed a novel, Physiology Integrated BioClimate Model (PIBCM) that combines habitat-specific metabolic thermal physiological tolerance of a species into a bioclimate envelope model. Using a downscaling approach, we also established a fine-resolution coastal sea-surface temperature data set for 2050–2080, that showed a high degree of location-specific variability in future thermal regimes. Combining predicted temperature data with the PIBCM model, we estimated habitat distribution for a highly eurythermal intertidal minnow, the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), a species that likely presents a best-case-scenario for coastal vertebrates. We show that the killifish northern boundary shifts southwards, while distinct habitat fragmentation occurs in the southern sub-population (due to migration of adjacent fish populations to the nearest metabolically optimal thermal habitat). When compared to current SDMs (e.g., AquaMaps), our results emphasize the need for thermal physiology integrated range shift models and indicate that habitat fragmentation for coastal fishes may reshape nursery habitats for many commercially and ecologically important species.
Feature fusion based VGGFusionNet model to detect COVID-19 patients utilizing computed tomography scan images
Authors: Uddin Khandaker Mohammad Mohi , Dey Samrat Kumar , Babu Hafiz Md. Hasan , Mostafiz Rafid , Uddin Shahadat , Shoombuatong Watshara , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is one of the most life-threatening and dangerous diseases caused by the novel Coronavirus, which has already afflicted a larger human community worldwide. This pandemic disease recovery is possible if detected in the early stage. We proposed an automated deep learning approach from Computed Tomography (CT) scan images to detect COVID-19 positive patients by following a four-phase paradigm for COVID-19 detection: preprocess the CT scan images; remove noise from test image by using anisotropic diffusion techniques; make a different segment for the preprocessed images; and train and test COVID-19 detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. This study employed well-known pre-trained models, including AlexNet, ResNet50, VGG16 and VGG19 to evaluate experiments. 80% of images are used to train the network in the detection process, while the remaining 20% are used to test it. The result of the experiment evaluation confirmed that the VGG19 pre-trained CNN model achieved better accuracy (98.06%). We used 4861 real-life COVID-19 CT images for experiment purposes, including 3068 positive and 1793 negative images. These images were acquired from a hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil and two other different data sources. Our proposed method revealed very high accuracy and, therefore, can be used as an assistant to help professionals detect COVID-19 patients accurately.
A novel optimization algorithm for enabling dynamically collimated proton arc therapy
Authors: Smith Blake R. , Flynn Ryan T. , Hyer Daniel E.
Published: December 2022

The advent of energy-specific collimation in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy has led to an improved lateral dose conformity for a variety of treatment sites, resulting in better healthy tissue sparing. Arc PBS delivery has also been proposed to enhance high-dose conformity about the intended target, reduce skin toxicity, and improve plan robustness. The goal of this work was to determine if the combination of proton arc and energy-specific collimation can generate better dose distributions as a logical next step to maximize the dosimetric advantages of proton therapy. Plans were optimized using a novel DyNamically collimated proton Arc (DNA) genetic optimization algorithm that was designed specifically for the application of proton arc therapy. A treatment planning comparison study was performed by generating an uncollimated two-field intensity modulated proton therapy and partial arc treatments and then replanning these treatments using energy-specific collimation as delivered by a dynamic collimation system, which is a novel collimation technology for PBS. As such, we refer to this novel treatment paradigm as Dynamically Collimated Proton Arc Therapy (DC-PAT). Arc deliveries achieved a superior target conformity and improved organ at risk (OAR) sparing relative to their two-field counterparts at the cost of an increase to the low-dose, high-volume region of the healthy brain. The incorporation of DC-PAT using the DNA optimizer was shown to further improve the tumor dose conformity. When compared to the uncollimated proton arc treatments, the mean dose to the 10mm of surrounding healthy tissue was reduced by 11.4% with the addition of collimation without meaningfully affecting the maximum skin dose (less than 1% change) relative to a multi-field treatment. In this case study, DC-PAT could better spare specific OARs while maintaining better target coverage compared to uncollimated proton arc treatments. While this work presents a proof-of-concept integration of two emerging technologies, the results are promising and suggest that the addition of these two techniques can lead to superior treatment plans warranting further development.
Risk factors for the development of idiopathic macular hole: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Kang Se Woong , Kim Sang Jin , Choi Jaehwan , Son Ki Young , Lim Dong Hui , Shin Dong Wook , Choi DooSeok , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Cho Juhee
Published: December 2022

This nationwide population-based cohort study searched for demographic, comorbid, behavioral, and reproductive risk factors for idiopathic macular hole (MH) development using data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. A total of 4,496,867 individuals aged 50–79 years who participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2013 or 2014 were included. Participants were followed up until December 2018, and incident cases of idiopathic MH were identified. Prospective associations between incident idiopathic MH and various covariates were investigated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. During an average follow-up period of 4.91 years, 3054 patients were newly diagnosed with idiopathic MHs. Women showed greater risk (hazard ratio of 1.71) and earlier presentation of idiopathic MH than men. Compared to the normal body mass index group, the obese group (≥ 25 kg/m2) showed a significantly lower risk of idiopathic MH. Among postmenopausal women, those with two or more children showed a greater risk of idiopathic MH than those who had not been pregnant, with a hazard ratio of 1.80. In conclusion, idiopathic MH occurred earlier and greater in women. Childbirth were associated with an increased risk of MH development, and obesity was associated with a lower risk of MH.
Reclassification of eight Akkermansia muciniphila strains and description of Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. and Candidatus Akkermansia timonensis, isolated from human feces
Authors: Ndongo Sokhna , Armstrong Nicholas , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard
Published: December 2022

Akkermansiamuciniphila is a human intestinal tract bacterium that plays an important role in the mucus layer renewal. Several studies have demonstrated that it is a modulator for gut homeostasis and a probiotic for human health. The Akkermansia genus contains two species with standing in nomenclature but their genomic diversity remains unclear. In this study, eight new Akkermansia sp. strains were isolated from the human gut. Using the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and core genome-based phylogenetic analysis applied to 104 A.muciniphila whole genomes sequences, strains were reclassified into three clusters. Cluster I groups A.muciniphila strains (including strain ATCC BAA-835T as type strain), whereas clusters II and III represent two new species. A member of cluster II, strain Marseille-P6666 differed from A.muciniphila strain ATCC BAA-835T and from A.glycaniphila strain PytT in its ability to grow in microaerophilic atmosphere up to 42 °C, to assimilate various carbon sources and to produce acids from a several compounds. The major fatty acids of strain Marseille-P6666 were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic and pentadecanoic acids. The DNA G + C content of strain Marseille-P6666 was 57.8%. On the basis of these properties, we propose the name A.massiliensis sp. nov. for members of cluster II, with strain Marseille-P6666T (= CSUR P6666 = CECT 30548) as type strain. We also propose the name “Candidatus Akkermansia timonensis” sp. nov. for the members of cluster III, which contains only uncultivated strains, strain Akk0196 being the type strain.
Exploiting Sentinel-2 dataset to assess flow intermittency in non-perennial rivers
Authors: Cavallo Carmela , Papa Maria Nicolina , Negro Giovanni , Gargiulo Massimiliano , Ruello Giuseppe , Vezza Paolo
Published: December 2022

Knowledge about the frequency and duration of each flowing status of non-perennial rivers is severely limited by the small number of streamflow gauges and reliable prediction of surface water presence by hydrological models. In this study, multispectral Sentinel-2 images were used to detect and monitor changes in water surface presence along three non-perennial Mediterranean rivers located in southern Italy. Examining the reflectance values of water, sediment and vegetation covers, the bands in which these classes are most differentiated were identified. It emerged that the false-color composition of the Sentinel-2 bands SWIR, NIR and RED allows water surfaces to be clearly distinguished from the other components of the river corridor. From the false-color composite images, it was possible to identify the three distinct flowing status of non-perennial rivers: “flowing” (F), “ponding” (P) and “dry” (D). The results were compared with field data and very high-resolution images. The flowing status was identified for all archive images not affected by cloud cover. The obtained dataset allowed to train Random Forest (RF) models able to fill temporal gaps between satellite images, and predict the occurrence of one of the three flowing status (F/P/D) on a daily scale. The most important predictors of the RF models were the cumulative rainfall and air temperature data before the date of satellite image acquisition. The performances of RF models were very high, with total accuracy of 0.82–0.97 and true skill statistic of 0.64–0.95. The annual non-flowing period (phases P and D) of the monitored rivers was assessed in range 5 to 192 days depending on the river reach. Due to the easy-to-use algorithm and the global, freely available satellite imagery, this innovative technique has large application potential to describe flowing status of non-perennial rivers and estimate frequency and duration of surface water presence.
Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Xin Ying , Yang Yaping , Chen Xiaona , Yue Xiafang , Liu Yangxiaoyue , Yin Cong
Published: December 2022

Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological cycle and has significant impact on ecological environment and social development, especially in arid areas where water resources are scarce. As a typical arid and semi-arid region, the Mongolian Plateau is ecologically fragile and highly sensitive to climate change. Reliable global precipitation data is urgently needed for the sustainable development over this gauge-deficient region. With high-quality estimates, fine spatiotemporal resolutions, and wide coverage, the state-of-the-art Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) have great potential for regional climatic, hydrological, and ecological applications. However, how they perform has not been well investigated on the Mongolian Plateau. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of three IMERG V06 datasets (ER, LR and FR), two ERA5 products (ERA5-HRES and ERA5-Land), and their predecessors (TMPA-3B42 and ERA-Interim) over the region across 2001–2018. The results showed that all products broadly characterized seasonal precipitation cycles and spatial patterns, but only the three reanalysis products, IMERG FR and TMPA-3B42 could capture interannual and decadal variability. When describing daily precipitation, dataset performances ranked ERA5-Land > ERA5-HRES > ERA-Interim > IMERG FR > IMERG LR > IMERG ER > TMPA-3B42. All products showed deficiencies in overestimating weak precipitation and underestimating high-intensity precipitation. Besides, products performed best in agricultural lands and forests along the northern and south-eastern edges, followed by urban areas and grasslands closer to the center, and worst in the sparse vegetation and bare areas of the south-west. Due to a negative effect of topographic complexity, IMERG showed poor detection capabilities in forests. Accordingly, this research currently supports the applicability of reanalysis ERA5 data over the arid, topographically complex Mongolian Plateau, which can inform regional applications with different requirements.
A novel genotype of avian hepatitis E virus identified in chickens and common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), extending its host range
Authors: Matos Miguel , Bilic Ivana , Tvarogová Jana , Palmieri Nicola , Furmanek Danuta , Gotowiecka Malwina , Liebhart Dieter , Hess Michael
Published: December 2022

In 2019, outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) were observed in six commercial layer chicken flocks, belonging to three different Polish farms, and characterized by increased mortality, hemorrhagic hepatitis with attached blood clots on the liver surface, and splenomegaly. Diseased flocks were initially investigated for the presence of avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) – the etiological agent of HSS – by conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, which revealed aHEV sequences clustering separately from all known aHEV genotypes. Additionally, an aHEV genome was identified for the first time in common pheasants, from a flock in France, using Next Generation Sequencing. This genome clustered together with the Polish aHEVs here investigated. Complete genome aHEV sequences from the HSS outbreaks confirmed the divergent cluster, with a shared nucleotide sequence identity of 79.6–83.2% with other aHEVs, which we propose to comprise a novel aHEV genotype – genotype 7. Histology and immunohistochemistry investigations in the liver and spleen established an association between aHEV and the observed lesions in the affected birds, consolidating the knowledge on the pathogenesis of aHEV, which is still largely unknown. Thus, the present investigation extends the natural host range and genotypes of aHEV and strengthens knowledge on the pathogenesis of HSS.
Efficacy of bone stimulators in large-animal models and humans may be limited by weak electric fields reaching fracture
Authors: Verma Nishant , Le Todd , Mudge Jonah , Nicksic Peter J. , Xistris Lillian , Kasole Maisha , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Poore Samuel O. , Ludwig Kip A. , Dingle Aaron M.
Published: December 2022

Noninvasive electronic bone growth stimulators (EBGSs) have been in clinical use for decades. However, systematic reviews show inconsistent and limited clinical efficacy. Further, noninvasive EBGS studies in small animals, where the stimulation electrode is closer to the fracture site, have shown promising efficacy, which has not translated to large animals or humans. We propose that this is due to the weaker electric fields reaching the fracture site when scaling from small animals to large animals and humans. To address this gap, we measured the electric field strength reaching the bone during noninvasive EBGS therapy in human and sheep cadaver legs and in finite element method (FEM) models of human and sheep legs. During application of 1100 V/m with an external EBGS, only 21 V/m reached the fracture site in humans. Substantially weaker electric fields reached the fracture site during the later stages of healing and at increased bone depths. To augment the electric field strength reaching the fracture site during noninvasive EBGS therapy, we introduced the Injectrode, an injectable electrode that spans the distance between the bone and subcutaneous tissue. Our study lays the groundwork to improve the efficacy of noninvasive EBGSs by increasing the electric field strength reaching the fracture site.
Comparison between one and two-dimensional liquid chromatographic approaches for the determination of plasmatic stroke biomarkers by isotope dilution and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Cortés Giménez-Coral Adela , Rodríguez-González Pablo , González Gago Adriana , Cernuda Morollón Eva , Lopez-Cancio Elena , Prieto García Belén , García Alonso J. Ignacio
Published: December 2022

This work presents the evaluation of one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the quantification of three stroke outcome predictors in plasma.
Periodic aggregation patterns of oxide particles on corroding metals: chemical waves due to solution feedback processes
Authors: Shin Youn G. , Guo Dan , Payne Nicholas A. , Rector Brianna K. , O’Donnell Kwang G. , Whitaker Giles , Joseph Jiju M. , Wren Jungsook C.
Published: December 2022

Aggregation of oxide crystals of different compositions in concentric wave patterns on corroding metal is not due to metallurgical non-uniformity, but sustained cyclic feedback between solution reaction and transport processes of metal cations.
Hierarchical analysis of the target-based scoring function modification for the example of selected class A GPCRs
Authors: Rzęsikowska Katarzyna , Kalinowska-Tłuścik Justyna , Krawczuk Anna
Published: December 2022

Targeted scoring function for different levels of biological hierarchy of selected GPCRs, leads to improvement in molecular docking predictive power.
A semi-conductive organic cathode material enabled by extended conjugation for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Lin Lu , Lin Zirui , Zhu Jiaqi , Wang Kuo , Wu Wanlong , Qiu Tong , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: December 2022

A semi-conductive organic cathode is proposed for aqueous Zn batteries. It realizes excellent electrochemical performance with low carbon additives.
Highly selective catalyst- and additive-free iodosulfonylation of cyclopropenes in water
Authors: Peng Chuxiong , Gu Fengyan , Lin Xiaofeng , Ding Ning , Zhan Qichen , Cao Peng , Cao Tao
Published: December 2022

A highly operationally convenient and environmentally benign approach of the iodosulfonylation of cyclopropenes, styrenes, and alkynes in water has been reported.
The trading of space for time under weakly activated catalysis: expeditious synthesis of β-NH2alcoholsviaa direct ammonolysis of epoxides with ammonia
Authors: Ma Guolan , Xu Chang , Yang Shaoxiong , Zhu Yanren , Ye Silei , Qin Rui , Zeng Chongchong , Du Wenqiang , Zhang Hongbin , Chen Jingbo
Published: December 2022

The direct synthesis of β-NH2alcoholsviaflexible ammonolysis of epoxides is still a challenging and unresolved problem.
Variable-position centrifugal platform achieves droplet manipulation and logic circuitries on-chip
Authors: Cai Gangpei , Xu Fei , Chen Bailiang , Li Xiang , Huang Jiajun , Mi Shengli
Published: December 2022

Designed a platform that could apply inertial forces in different directions to droplets in real time. A series of programmable controls for droplets were implemented on separate chips.
A super water-resistant MXene sponge flexible sensor for bifunctional sensing of physical and chemical stimuli
Authors: Xu Yuqing , Qiang Qinping , Zhao Yaru , Li Hongxing , Xu Li , Liu Chong , Wang Yiya , Xu Yangkun , Tao Chengcheng , Lang Tianchun , Zhao Lei , Liu Bitao
Published: December 2022

The heat-treated MXene@MS sensor not only has excellent pressure-sensing properties, but also has enhanced water resistance, resulting in good moisture sensitivity.
Eco-friendly and efficient modification of native hemicelluloses via click reactions
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez C. A. , Fascio Mirta L. , Agusti Rosalía , D’Accorso Norma , Garcia Nancy Lis
Published: December 2022

An atom-economic strategy is proposed to valorise the byproducts from an invasive bamboo with improved thermal stability for potential use in composites.
Structural investigations into colour-tuneable fluorescent InZnP-based quantum dots from zinc carboxylate and aminophosphine precursors
Authors: Burkitt-Gray Mary , Casavola Marianna , Clark Pip C. J. , Fairclough Simon M. , Flavell Wendy R. , Fleck Roland A. , Haigh Sarah J. , Ke Jack Chun-Ren , Leontiadou Marina , Lewis Edward A. , Osiecki Jacek , Qazi-Chaudhry Basma , Vizcay-Barrena Gema , Wichiansee Wijittra , Green Mark
Published: December 2022

In this report, we explore the detailed structure of some InP-based core/shell quantum dots and highlight a complicated morphology.
Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Silvestri Alessandro , Zayas-Arrabal Julian , Vera-Hidalgo Mariano , Di Silvio Desire , Wetzl Cecilia , Martinez-Moro Marta , Zurutuza Amaia , Torres Elias , Centeno Alba , Maestre Arantxa , Gómez Juan Manuel , Arrastua María , Elicegui Marta , Ontoso Nerea , Prato Maurizio , Coluzza Ivan , Criado Alejandro
Published: December 2022

By finely controlling the graphene functionalisation, by tuning the Debye length, and by deeply characterising the ACE2-spike protein interactions, we have been able to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with an extremely low limit of detection.
A broadband 3D microtubular photodetector based on a single wall carbon nanotube–graphene heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Yuning , You Qing , Sun Jingye , Li Ke , Hong Hao , Kong Lingbing , Zhu Mingqiang , Deng Tao , Liu Zewen
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) photodetector based on a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene heterojunction has been fabricated by a self-rolled-up process.
Fabrication of a luminescent chemosensor for selective detection of Al3+ used as an adjuvant in pharmaceutical drugs
Authors: Saha Shrabani , Mondal Shrodha , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: December 2022

Quick detection of adjuvant Al3+ present in different pharmaceutical drugs to lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Energy‐efficient routing protocol developed for internet of things networks
Authors: Ahmmad Ban Ayad , Alabady Salah Abdulghani
Published: December 2022

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to their numerous applications have become a significant research topic in recent years, which include monitoring, tracking/detection, medical, military surveillance, and industrial. Due to the small sensors' difficulty in being easily recharged after random deployment, energy consumption is a challenging research problem for WSNs in general. One popular scenario for reducing energy consumption for WSNs is to use cluster‐based technology to reduce sensor node communication distance. Along with focusing on the Chain Cluster Based routing protocol classes. Initially, the Calinski Harabasz approach is utilized to find the optimum number of clusters. This modification will take place for two stages that pass via improving techniques of enhancing the Improved Energy‐Efficient PEGASIS‐Based (IEEPB) protocol to achieve the main goal of this study. The network lifetime was then extended by using the K‐means algorithm. As a result, rather than using a single long path, data is transferred over shorter parallel lines. The protocol is simulated with the MatlabR2015b simulator, which produces clear and effective simulation results, particularly in terms of energy savings. The outcome of the simulation results shows that the Improved energy‐efficient PEGASIS‐based routing protocol‐ KMeans optimisation (Improved EEPB‐ K‐means Optimisation) protocol outperforms the Low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, Power‐efficient gathering in sensor information systems, IEEPB, and MIEEPB protocols.
Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion
Authors: Johansen Anders , Ronnet Thomas , Schiller Martin , Deng Zhengbin , Bizzarro Martin
Published: December 2022

Volatile molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are key components of planetary atmospheres. In the pebble accretion model for rocky planet formation, these volatile species are accreted during the main planetary formation phase. For this study, we modelled the partitioning of volatiles within a growing planet and the outgassing to the surface. The core stores more than 90% of the hydrogen and carbon budgets of Earth for realistic values of the partition coefficients of H and C between metal and silicate melts. The magma oceans of Earth and Venus are sufficiently deep to undergo oxidation of ferrous Fe2+to ferric Fe3+. This increased oxidation state leads to the outgassing of primarily CO2and H2O from the magma ocean of Earth. In contrast, the oxidation state of Mars’ mantle remains low and the main outgassed hydrogen carrier is H2. This hydrogen easily escapes the atmosphere due to the irradiation from the young Sun in XUV wavelengths, dragging with it the majority of the CO, CO2, H2O, and N2contents of the atmosphere. A small amount of surface water is maintained on Mars, in agreement with proposed ancient ocean shorelines, for moderately low values of the mantle oxidation. Nitrogen partitions relatively evenly between the core and the atmosphere due to its extremely low solubility in magma; the burial of large reservoirs of nitrogen in the core is thus not possible. The overall low N contents of Earth disagree with the high abundance of N in all chondrite classes and favours a volatile delivery by pebble snow. Our model of rapid rocky planet formation by pebble accretion displays broad consistency with the volatile contents of the Sun’s terrestrial planets. The diversity of the terrestrial planets can therefore be used as benchmark cases to calibrate models of extrasolar rocky planets and their atmospheres.
Revisiting empirical solar energetic particle scaling relations
Authors: Papaioannou Athanasios , Herbst Konstantin , Ramm Tobias , Cliver Edward W. , Lario David , Veronig Astrid M.
Published: December 2022

Aims. The possible influence of solar superflares on the near-Earth space radiation environment are assessed through the investigation of scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the solar flare soft X-ray peak photon flux.

Methods. We compiled a catalog of 65 well-connected (W20-90) SEP events during the last three solar cycles covering a period of ∼34 yr (1984–2020) that were associated with flares of class ≥C6.0, and investigated the statistical relations between the recorded peak proton fluxes (IP) and the fluences (FP) at a set of integral energies from E > 10, > 30, and > 60 to > 100 MeV versus the associated solar flare peak soft X-ray flux in the 1–8 Å band (FSXR). Based on the inferred relations, we calculated the integrated energy dependence of the peak proton flux (IP) and fluence (FP) of the SEP events, assuming that they follow an inverse power law with respect to energy. Finally, we made use of simple physical assumptions, combining our derived scaling laws, and estimated the upper limits for IP and FP focusing on the flare associated with the strongest ground level enhancement (GLE) directly observed to date (GLE 05 on 23 February 1956), and that inferred for the cosmogenic radionuclide-based SEP event of AD774/775.

Results. A scaling law relating IP and FP to the solar soft X-ray peak intensity (FSXR) as ∝ $ {F}_{\mathrm{SXR}}^{5/6} $ for a flare with a FSXR = X600 (in the revised scale) is consistent with values of FP inferred for the cosmogenic nuclide event of AD774/775.
The origin of double-peak emission-line galaxies: Rotating discs, bars, or galaxy mergers?
Authors: Maschmann Daniel , Halle Anaëlle , Melchior Anne-Laure , Combes Françoise , Chilingarian Igor V.
Published: December 2022

Emission lines with a double-peak (DP) shape, detected in the centre of galaxies, have been extensively used in the past to identify peculiar kinematics such as dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs), outflows, or mergers. With a more general approach considering a large DP galaxy sample selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), a connection to minor merger galaxies with ongoing star formation was suggested. To gain a better understanding of different mechanisms creating a DP signature, in this paper, we explore synthetic SDSS spectroscopic observations computed from disc models and simulations. We show how a DP signature is connected to the central part of the rotation curve of galaxies, which is mostly shaped by the stellar bulge. We, furthermore, find that bars can create strong DP emission-line signatures when viewed along their major axis. Major mergers can form a central rotating disc in late post-coalescence merger stages (1 Gyr after the final coalescence), which creates a DP signature. Minor mergers tend to show a DP feature with no correlation to the galaxy inclination within 350 Myr after the final coalescence. Comparisons of these scenarii with observations disfavour major mergers, since they show predominantly elliptical and only a few S0 morphologies. Furthermore, at such a late merger stage, the enhanced star formation is most likely faded. Bars and minor mergers, on the other hand, can be compared quite well with the observations. Both observations coincide with increased star formation found in observations, and minor mergers in particular do not show any dependency with the observation direction. However, observations resolving the galaxy kinematics spatially are needed to distinguish between the discussed possibilities. More insight into the origin of DP will be gained by a broader comparison with cosmological simulations. The understanding of the DP origin can provide important tools to study the mass growth of galaxies in future high redshift surveys.
Shape, alignment, and mass distribution of baryonic and dark-matter halos in one EAGLE simulation
Authors: Petit Q. , Ducourant C. , Slezak E. , Sluse D. , Delchambre L.
Published: December 2022

Context. Accurate knowledge of the morphology of halos and its evolution are key constraints on the galaxy formation model as well as a determinant parameter of the strong-lensing phenomenon. Large-scale cosmic simulations are a tailored tool used to obtain statistics on the shape and mass distributions of these halos according to redshift.

Aims. Using the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE), we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the morphology of galaxy halos and of their mass distributions with a focus on the snapshot at redshift z = 0.5.

Methods. We developed an iterative strategy involving a principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the properties of the EAGLE halos and the differences in alignment between the various components. The semi-axes and orientation of the halos are estimated taking into account sub-halos in the simulation. The mass distributions of the dark-matter (DM), gas, and star halos are characterised by a half-mass radius, a concentration parameter and (projected) axis ratios.

Results. We present statistics of the shape parameters of 336 540 halos from the EAGLE RefL0025N0376 simulation and describe their evolution from redshift z = 15 to z = 0. We measured the three-dimensional shape parameters for the DM, the gas, and the star components as well as for all particles. We also measured these parameters for two-dimensional projected distributions. At z = 0.5, the minor axis of gas aligns with the minor axis of DM for massive halos (M > 1012 M⊙), but this alignment is poorer for less massive halos. The DM halos axis ratios b/a and c/a have median values of 0.82 ± 0.11 and 0.64 ± 0.12, respectively. The gas in halos that also contain stars has a more flattened shape, with b/a = 0.70 ± 0.19 and c/a = 0.38 ± 0.20. The sphericity of gas in halos w/ and w/o stars appears to be negatively correlated to the total mass, while the sphericity of DM is insensitive to it. The measured projected axis ratios, bp/ap, of star halos at z = 0.5 have a median value of 0.80 ± 0.07, which is in good agreement with ground-based and space-based measurements within 1σ. For DM halos, we measure a value of 0.85 ± 0.06. The evolution of the concentration as a function of redshift is fairly homogeneous for the various components, except for the starless gas halos, which appear much more concentrated for z > 0.7.
Asteroids seen by JWST-MIRI: Radiometric size, distance, and orbit constraints
Authors: Müller T. G. , Micheli M. , Santana-Ros T. , Bartczak P. , Oszkiewicz D. , Kruk S.
Published: December 2022

Infrared measurements of asteroids are crucial for the determination of physical and thermal properties of individual objects, and for understanding the small-body populations in the solar system as a whole. However, standard radiometric methods can only be applied if the orbit of an object is known, hence its position at the time of the observation. With JWST-MIRI observations the situation will change and many unknown, often very small, solar system objects will be detected. Later orbit determinations are difficult due to the faintness of the objects and the lack of dedicated follow-up concepts. We present MIRI observations of the outer-belt asteroid (10920) 1998 BC1 and an unknown object, detected in all nine MIRI bands in close apparent proximity to (10920). We developed a new method called STM-ORBIT to interpret the multi-band measurements without knowing the object’s true location. The power of the new technique is that it determines the most-likely heliocentric and observer-centric distance and phase angle ranges, allowing us to make a radiometric size estimate. The application to the MIRI fluxes of (10920) was used to validate the method. It leads to a confirmation of the known radiometric size-albedo solution, and puts constraints on the asteroid’s location and orbit in agreement with its true orbit. To back up the validation of the method, we obtained additional ground-based light curve observations of (10920), combined withGaiadata, which indicate a very elongated object (a/b ≥1.5), with a spin-pole at (λ,β)ecl= (178°, +81°), with an estimated error of about 20°, and a rotation period of 4.861191 ± 0.000015 h. A thermophysical study of all available JWST-MIRI and WISE measurements leads to a size of 14.5–16.5 km (diameter of an equal-volume sphere), a geometric albedopVbetween 0.05 and 0.10, and a thermal inertia in the range 9–35 (best value 15) J m−2s−0.5K−1. For the newly discovered MIRI object, the STM-ORBIT method revealed a size of 100–230 m. The new asteroid must be on a low-inclination orbit (0.7° <i <2.0°) and it was located in the inner main-belt region during JWST observations. A beaming parameterηlarger than 1.0 would push the size even below 100 meters, a main-belt regime that has escaped IR detections so far. This kind of MIRI observations can therefore contribute to formation and evolution studies via classical size-frequency studies, which are currently limited to objects larger than about one kilometer in size. We estimate that MIRI frames with pointings close to the ecliptic and short integration times of only a few seconds will always include a few asteroids; most of them will be unknown objects.