bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS: valores sociais e culturais na Educação Infantil
Authors: Moraes Nelson Russo de , Gualberto Pereira Bernieri Celenita , Fôlha Jardilene Gualberto Pereira , Alves Laurenita Gualberto Pereira
Published: November 2021

A sociedade brasileira é multicultural, formada por vários grupos étnico-raciais, no entanto, a história de muitos desses povos é marcada por discriminações e desigualdades. A reeducação das relações étnico-raciais não é uma responsabilidade exclusiva da escola, porém, a mesma desenvolve um papel fundamental nessa luta. O artigo tem como objetivo estudar as relações étnico-raciais, desenvolvidas por meio dos valores sociais e culturais, que proporcionam elementos significativos para o desenvolvimento dos bebês e das crianças. A pesquisa aponta que as práticas educativas voltadas para as relações étnico-raciais favorecem às crianças momentos de vivências e experiências sobre assuntos que permeiam o cotidiano, situações que permitem internalizar atitudes de respeito a todos, independentemente das diferenças.
The Advancement of Virtual Reality in Automotive Market Research: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Costa Henriques Alexandre , Winkler Ingrid
Published: November 2021

Virtual reality (VR) can play a key role in automotive marketing research, lowering costs and shortening the time it takes to bring a new product to market. However, there are still few VR applications that support automotive customers' experiences during the early stages of product development. Through a systematic review of literature and patents, this study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for the application of virtual reality in car clinics, and to categorize them into attributes. We searched through the knowledge databases of PatentScout, ScienceDirect, Springer, and IEEEXplore. We found 72 patents with a high concentration in a few inventors. The United States of America presented the greatest number of records and the most common applications related to the apparatus for automatically reading respondents' reactions in a virtual environment. In terms of articles, we found 19 research papers that discussed sixteen categories identified as challenges and opportunities for automotive marketing research: 1) cost, 2) location to customers, 3) flexibility in interactions, 4) model transportation, 5) depth perception, 6) haptic perception, 7) motion, 8) movement perception/ physical collision, 9) color and texture, 10) sound feedback, 11) product interaction/manipulation, 12) visual-spatial, 13) graphic quality, 14) intuitiveness, 15) cybersecurity and 16) cybersickness. We conclude that the automotive industry can employ virtual reality for marketing research, but relevant elements such as hardware and software definition, stimulus quality, and research objectives, among others, must be considered.
Plastome Diversity and Phylogenomic Relationships in Asteraceae
Authors: Pascual-Díaz Joan Pere , Garcia Sònia , Vitales Daniel
Published: November 2021

Plastid genomes are in general highly conserved given their slow evolutionary rate, thus large changes in their structure are unusual. However, when specific rearrangements are present, they are often phylogenetically informative. Asteraceae is a highly diverse family whose evolution is long driven by polyploidy (up to 48x) and hybridisation, both processes usually complicating systematic inferences. In this study, we have generated one of the most comprehensive plastome-based phylogenies of family Asteraceae, providing information about the structure, genetic diversity, and repeat composition of these sequences. By comparing the whole plastome sequences obtained, we confirmed the double inversion located in the long single copy region, for most of the species analysed (with the exception of basal tribes), a well-known feature for Asteraceae plastomes. We also show that genome size, gene order and gene content are highly conserved along the family. However, species representative of the basal subfamily Barnadesioideae -as well as in the sister family Calyceraceae - are lacking the pseudogene rps19 located in one inverted repeat. The phylogenomic analysis conducted here, based on 63 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes and 21 ribosomal RNA genes from 36 species of Asteraceae, are overall consistent with the general consensus for the family’s phylogeny, while resolving the position of tribe Senecioneae and revealing some incongruences at tribe level between reconstructions based on nuclear and plastid DNA data.
The Gut Dysbiosis and Immune System in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ACVD)
Authors: Yoo Ji Youn , Sniffen Sarah , Percy Kyle McGill , Chidipi Bojji Babu , Pallaval Veera Bramhachari
Published: November 2021

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition, known as gut dysbiosis, have been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) development through several pathways. Disruptions in gut homeostasis are associated with activation of immune processes and systemic inflammation. The gut microbiota produces several metabolic products, namely trimethylamine (TMA), which is used to produce the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, butyrate, and propionate, and certain bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota lead to inflammation resolution and decrease atherogenesis. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated to common risk factors for atherosclerosis, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Novel strategies for reducing ACVD include the use of nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, modification of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels, supplementation with probiotics, and administration of prebiotic SCFAs and BAs. Investigation into the relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and the host immune system could reveal promising insight into ACVD development, prognostic factors, and treatments.
Differences in Coping Strategies and Help-Seeking Behaviours among Australian Junior and Senior Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pascoe Amy , Paul Eldho , Johnson Douglas , Putland Mark , Willis Karen , Smallwood Natasha
Published: November 2021

Background: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital medical staff (HMS) have faced significant personal, workplace, and financial disruption. Many have experienced psychosocial burden, exceeding already concerning baseline levels. This study examines the types and predictors of coping strategies and help-seeking behaviours utilised by Australian junior and senior HMS during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of Australian frontline healthcare workers was conducted between 27th August and 23rd October 2020. Data collected included demographics, personal and workplace disruptions, self-reported and validated mental health symptoms, coping strategies, and help-seeking. Results: The 9518 participants included 1966 hospital medical staff (62.1% senior, 37.9% junior). Both groups experienced a high burden of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout. Coping strategies varied by seniority, with maintaining exercise the most common strategy for both groups. Adverse mental health was associated with increased alcohol consumption. Engagement with professional support, although more frequent among junior staff, was uncommon in both groups. Conclusions: Junior and senior staff utilised different coping and help-seeking behaviours. Despite recognition of symptoms, very few HMS engaged formal support. The varied predictors of coping and help-seeking identified may inform targeted interventions to support these cohorts in current and future crises.
Effective Method to Measure and Inspect the Hysteresis Loss of a Transformer
Authors: Chatterjee Arunava , Das Sankar , Chatterjee Debashis
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a study on the significance of source side harmonics and their effects on transformers.  Source side harmonics are typically present in power electronic sources which are commonly used in renewable applications. The continued outcome of source side harmonics is observed on the hysteresis curve of a transformer. Single-phase transformers are used in the proposed study to determine the effect of harmonics on magnetization and demagnetization cycles using an electronic operational amplifier-based integrator circuit. A technique is also presented for effectively storing and plotting the hysteresis curve from the measured data. After the hysteresis curve is obtained, it is compared with standard data and a conclusion is obtained from the results about the presence of harmonics in the source. The hysteresis curve is thus found without removing the transformer from operation. The study also proposes a modified hysteresis model for the transformer considering the effect of source harmonics. The proposed study is an effective tool for easy measurement and detection of harmonics. The MATLAB/Simulink based simulations with suitable experiments validate the proposed study.
Design of Smart Medical Mask Trash Can For Public Places
Authors: Mu'afa Muhammad Dhafier , Dewa Refansyah Basu , Pangestu Muhammad Raflie , Al Faishal Muhammad Fiqih , Maghfiroh Hari
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic mainly caused the sudden rise of medical mask waste. There are some steps that can be taken to reduce and manage the waste, including dissolving the mask so it cannot be use again, reduce the risk of disease transmission, and assist the workers in managing the waste of medical mask. Therefore, this paper proposes a device that can solve all the problem, which is the “Smart Medical Mask Trash Can”. This device can be used to dissolve and disinfect the mask, as well as manage the mask waste with an easy way in accordance with health protocol. The outcome show that this device can monitor the waste with an application program on a real time that can notify and organize a schedule for automatic disinfection. This tool is suitable to be placed in public places because of its high mobility and there is a lot of medical mask's waste.
Nilai Tukar Dan Inflasi Terhadap Return Saham Melalui Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Retna Sari Ati , Yogivaria Doni Wirshandono
Published: November 2021

Return saham merupakan hasil dari kegiatan investasi yang dilakukan oleh investor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai tukar dan informasi terhadap return saham melalui Kinerja Keuangan. Kinerja keuangan dalam penelitian ini adalah ROE Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019 Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proposive sampling. Ada 20 sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Samat PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tukar berpengaruh terhadap return saham melalui kinerja keuangan. Inflasi mempengaruhi return saham bukan melalui kinerja keuangan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah investor dan calon investor harus memperhatikan rasio inflasi saat ini juga sebagai kinerja keuangan agar dapat menghasilkan return yang maksimal
Analisis Penerapan Perencanaan Pajak Penghasilan PPh Badan dan Final Sebagai Upaya Mengefisienkan Beban Pajak Pada Perusahaan PT Lippo Karawaci Tbk Tahun 2017 – 2019
Authors: Raditya Muhammad Helmi , Zulpahmi  , Sumardi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan pajak yang dilakukan oleh PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk dengan menggunakan PPh Badan dan PPh Final untuk perhitungan beban pajak dan mengetahui perbandingan perhitungan pajak dengan menggunakan PPh Badan dan PPh Final dalam mengefisienkan beban pajak pada tahun 2017-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan mengumpulkan.data.perusahaan.yang.digunakan.dalam.melakukan.tax.planning.serta.melihat.sumber-sumber.penghasilan.serta.mendefinisikan.jenis.biaya-biaya.dan.melakukan.tax.planning. Adapun teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini terlihat pada tahun 2019 PPh Badan sebesar Rp 335.197.000 sedangkan PPh Final sebesar Rp 276.148.335, untuk tahun 2018 PPh Badan sebesar Rp 403.247.684 sedangkan PPh Final sebesar Rp 276.424.450, dan untuk tahun 2017 PPh Badan sebesar Rp 228.489.600 sedangkan PPh Final sebesar Rp 276.602.975.
Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Produk
Authors:   Tedjo Sukmono, Jakaria Ribangun Bambano
Published: November 2021

Marilah kita senantiasa berucap syukur atas nikmat yang telah diberikan Allah SWT, atas apa yang kita kerjakan hari ini serta Shalawat dan Salam senantiasa kita curahkan kepada nabi akhir jaman nabi besar Muhammad SAW yang telah membuka cakrawala kehidupan manusia yang gelap menjadi terang. Dengan selesainya penulisan buku ajar Perencanaan dan Perancangan Produk ini menjadi salah satu prestasi yang bisa kami torehkan sebagai bentuk kebanggan kami atas apa yang bisa kami kerjakan hari ini. Tentu butuh kesempurnaan dalam menyusun buku ini ke depan. Teriring ucapan terima kasih kami yang tak terhingga kepada orang-orang yang menjadi pendorong selesainya buku ini, selain penulis menyampaikan terimakasih sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Dr. Hindarto, MT. Dekan Fakultas Sain dan Teknologi yang telah memotivasi dan mengarahkan kepada penulis dalam upaya menuntaskan penyusunan buku ajar ini. 2. Tedjo Sukmono, ST.,MT Kaprodi Teknik Industri yang telah memberi suport dalam penyusunan buku ajar ini. 3. Rekan-rekan dosen di lingkungan fakultas Sain dan Teknologi khususnyan prodi Teknik Industri yang telah menjadi teman diskusi dan memberikan masukan berarti dalam penyusunan buku ajar ini. Terakhir penulis berharap buku ini memberi manfaat sehingga saran dan kritik sangat penulis harapkan sebagai penyempurna buku ajar Perencanaan dan Perancangan Produk ke depan serta sesuai dengan amanah peraturan perundangan yang ada. Terimakasih.
Influence of Layer Transition Zone on Rainfall-Induced Instability of Multilayered Slope
Authors: Dou Zhi , Liu Yimin , Zhang Xueyi , Wang Yashan , Chen Zhou , Wang Jinguo , Zhou Zhifang
Published: November 2021

Although numerous studies have been paid much attention to rainfall-induced instability of multilayered slopes, the interface between layers is generally considered to be “zero thickness”, and the layer transition zone between layers is neglected. In this study, the influence of the layer transition zone on the rainfall-induced instability of multilayered slope was investigated. A model was developed to simulate the rainfall infiltration process, the distribution of pore water pressure, and the stability of multilayered slope by coupling the unsaturated seepage model and the slope stability analysis method. Based on the analysis of the multilayered slopes with the different thickness ratios of the layer transition zone, a method for determining the critical thickness of the layer transition zone was proposed. The results showed that the layer transition zone had a significant influence on the stability of multilayered slope. It was found that the presence of the layer transition zone in the multilayered slope reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the slope and increased the rate of formation of transient saturated zone, which contributed to excess pore water pressure at the toe of the slope. The analysis of the local factor of safety (LFS) showed that when the thickness ratios of the layer transition zone were between 2.5% and 5%, the corresponding hydraulic conductivity of the slope decreased by 1%-2.5% and the maximum failure area of the slope during the rainfall was 25% of the slope. Our study highlighted the importance of the layer transition zone for the rainfall-induced instability of the multilayered slope.
Cell Free DNA as a Potential Biomarker of Blast-Wave Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Authors: Shaked Gad , Zuckerman Amitai , Kaplan Zeev , Sadot Oren , Douvdevani Amos , Cohen Hagit
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIndividuals being within non-lethal distance from explosion may present with blast induced mild traumatic brain injury, post traumatic stress disorder, or combination of the two conditions. Early diagnosis to enable interventions is important. This study tested the possible role of cell free DNA in the diagnosis of blast related head injuries in a rat model.MethodsA rat controlled model of a blast. Cell free DNA concentrations were determined in the serum by a direct fluorescence method. Cognitive and behavioral tests were used to diagnose affected rats. ResultsMean cell free DNA concentration increased significantly at 2 hours following the blast compared to baseline level and remained high throughout the follow-up period (665.43±159.15 ng/ml vs. 344.20±69.62 ng/ml, p<0.0001). The rate of affected rats among the blast exposed animals was 42.5%. A significant increase in mean cell free DNA concentration was found at 2 hours after exposure in the affected group (741.40±47.18 ng/ml) compared to both the baseline concentration (372.42±149.11 ng/ml), p<0.0001 and to the well-adapted group (517.47 ng/ml), p<0.0045. ConclusionThis rat model of blast demonstrated that the incidence of mild brain injury and or PTSD is significant and that affected animals demonstrated increased serum concentrations of cell free DNA. Cell free DNA may potentially serve as a biomarker to diagnose brain psychopathology early in individuals exposed to blast.
Ataxia with Ocular Apraxia Type 1 (AOA1) (APTX, W279* Mutation): Neurological, Neuropsychological, and Molecular Outlining of a Heterogenous Phenotype in Four Colombian Siblings
Authors: Aguillon David , Vasquez Daniel , Madrigal Lucia , Moreno Sonia , Hernández Dora , Isaza-Ruget Mario , Lopez Juan Javier , Landires Ivan , Nuñez-Samudio Virginia , Restrepo Carlos M , Vidal Oscar M , Velez Jorge I , Arcos-Holzinger Mauricio , Lopera Francisco , Arcos-Burgos Mauricio
Published: November 2021

Hereditary ataxias are a group of devastating neurological disorders that affect coordination of gait and are often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Ataxia with Ocular Apraxia type 1 (AOA1) (OMIM: 606350.0006) is characterized by slowly progressive symptoms of childhood-onset and pathogenic mutations in APTX; the only known cause underpinning AOA1. APTX encodes the protein Aprataxin, composed of three domains sharing homology with proteins involved in DNA damage, signaling, and repair. We present four siblings from an endogamic family in a rural, isolated town of Colombia with ataxia and ocular apraxia of childhood-onset and confirmed molecular diagnosis of AOA1, homozygous for the W279* p.Trp279Ter mutation. We predicted the mutated APTX with Alpha Fold to demonstrate the effects of this stop-gain mutation that deletes three beta helices encoded by amino acid 270 to 339 rescinding the C2H2-type zinc fingers (Znf) (C2H2 Znf) DNA-binding and DNA-repair domain and the whole tridimensional structure of the APTX. All siblings exhibited different ages of onset (4, 6, 8, and 11 y/o) and heterogeneous patterns of dysarthria (ranging from absence to mild-moderate dysarthria). Neuropsychological evaluation showed no neurocognitive impairment in three siblings, but one sibling showed temporospatial disorientation, semantic and phonologic fluency impairment, episodic memory affection, constructional apraxia, moderate anomia, low executive function, and symptoms of depression. This heterogeneous phenotype suggests genetic interactions can shape the natural history of AOA1. To our knowledge, this report represents the most extensive series of siblings affected with AOA1 in Latin America, and the genetic analysis completed adds important knowledge to outline this family’s disease and general complex phenotype of hereditary ataxias.
The Effects of Physical Activity on Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review
Authors: Marconcin Priscila , Werneck André O. , Peralta Miguel , Ihle Andreas , Gouveia Élvio , Ferrari Gerson , Sarmento Hugo , Marques Adilson
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected countries worldwide and has changed peoples’ lives. A reduction in physical activity and an increase in mental health problems were observed. Thus, this systematic review aims to examine the association between physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In January 2021, a search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal study design and studies published in English; outcomes included physical activity and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative effects, well-being). Results: Nineteen studies were included in this review. Overall, the studies suggested that higher physical activity is associated with higher well-being, quality of life as well as lower depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, independently of age. There was no consensus for the optimal physical activity level for mitigating negative mental symptoms, neither for the frequency nor for the type of physical activity. Women were more vulnerable to mental health changes and men were more susceptive to physical activity changes. Conclusion: Physical activity seems to be a good and effective choice to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Public health policies should alert for alternatives to increment physical activity during the stay-at-home orders in many countries.
Soluble Amyloid-Beta Isoforms Predict Downstream Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Povala Guilherme , Bellaver Bruna , De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Brum Wagner S. , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Bieger Andrei , Pascoal Tharick A. , Benedet Andrea L. , Souza Diogo O. , Araujo Ricardo M. , Zatt Bruno , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Zimmer Eduardo R.
Published: November 2021

Background: Changes in soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are detectable at early preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether Aβ levels can predict downstream AD pathological features in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals remains unclear. With this in mind, we aimed at investigating whether a combination of soluble Aβ isoforms can predict tau pathology (T+) and neurodegeneration (N+) positivity. Methods: We used CSF measurements of three soluble Aβ peptides (Aβ1‑38, Aβ1‑40 and Aβ1‑42) in CU individuals (n = 318) as input features in machine learning (ML) models aiming at predicting T+ and N+. Input data was used for building 2046 tuned predictive ML models with a nested cross-validation technique. Additionally, proteomics data was employed to investigate the functional enrichment of biological processes altered in T+ and N+ individuals. Results: Our findings indicate that Aβ isoforms can predict T+ and N+ with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 and 0.936, respectively. Additionally, proteomics analysis identified 17 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in individuals wrongly classified by our ML algorithm. More specifically, enrichment analysis of gene ontology biological processes revealed an upregulation in myelinization and glucose metabolism-related processes in CU individuals wrongly predicted as T+. A significant enrichment of DEPs in pathways including biosynthesis of amino acids, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, cell adhesion molecules and prion disease was also observed. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that, by applying a refined ML analysis, a combination of Ab isoforms can predict T+ and N+ with a high AUC. CSF proteomics analysis highlighted a promising group of proteins that can be further explored for improving T+ and N+ prediction.
Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations On Thermal Decomposition of 3-Methyl-2,6-Dinitrophenol
Authors: Zhao Jiaxiang , Xiao Yun , He Jiayuan , Wang Jianlong
Published: November 2021

The decomposition mechanism of 3-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol (MDNP) was simulated by reaction molecular dynamics using ReaxFF force field. The evolution of some main products with time at different heating rates (10, 15 and 20 K·ps-1) were obtained as well. The simulation outcomes reveal that with the elevation of the heating rate, the shorter the time required for the system to reach equilibrium, and the more products are produced. At three heating rates, the main intermediate products are C7H7O5N2, C7H6O4N2, C7H5O5N2, C7H5O4N2, HON, NO, NO2 and the primary final products are N2, CO2, H2O, H2, NH3, amongst which C7H5O5N2 is the first produced intermediate product and H2O is the first produced final product with the biggest abundance. The intermediate products first increase and then decrease to zero. Moreover, the primary chemistry reactions in the MDNP pyrolysis are acquired by ReaxFF MD simulations.
Loss of imprinting control of the lncRNA H19-fetal mitogen IGF2 gene cluster in the decidual microenvironment of patients with idiopathic spontaneous miscarriages
Authors: Wen Xue , Zhang Qi , Zhou Lei , Li Zhaozhi , Wei Xue , Zhang Jiaomei , Li Hui , Chen Yongchong , Niu Chao , Qu Ji , Li Min , Xu Jianting , Xu Zijun , Cui Xueling , Zhang Songling , Wang Yufeng , Li Wei , Hoffman Andrew R. , Liu Zhonghui , Hu Jifan , Cui Jiuwei
Published: November 2021

Miscarriage, the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus achieves viability, is a common complication of pregnancy. Decidualization plays a critical role in the implantation of the embryo. To search for molecular factors underlying miscarriage, we explored the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the decidual microenvironment, where the molecular crosstalk at the feto–maternal interface occurs. By integrating RNA-seq data from recurrent miscarriage patients and decidualized endometrial stromal cells, we identified H19 , a noncoding RNA that exhibits paternally imprinted monoallelic expression in normal tissues, as the most upregulated lncRNA associated with miscarriage. Aberrant upregulation of H19 lncRNA was observed in decidual tissues derived from patients with spontaneous miscarriage as well as decidualized endometrial stromal cells. The maternally imprinted fetal mitogen Igf2, which is usually reciprocally co-regulated with H19 in the same imprinting cluster, was also upregulated. Notably, both genes underwent loss of imprinting, as H19 and IGF2 were actively transcribed from both parental alleles in decidual tissues. Mechanistically, this loss of imprinting in decidual tissues was associated with the loss of the H3K27m3 suppression marker in the IGF2 promoter, CpG hypomethylation at the central CTCF binding site in the imprinting control center (ICR) that is located between IGF2 and H19 , and the loss of CTCF-mediated intrachromosomal looping. These data provide the first evidence that aberrant control of the ICR epigenotype-intrachromosomal looping- H19/IGF2 imprinting pathway may be a critical epigenetic risk factor in the abnormal decidualization related to miscarriage.
Black Girls And Referrals: Racial and Gender Disparities in Referral to Substance Use Disorder Screening in The Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Johnson Micah E , Lloyd Shawnta L , Bristol Skye C , Elliott Amy L , Cottler Linda B
Published: November 2021

Background: Justice-involved children (JIC) have a high risk for illicit substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD). Females are particularly vulnerable. It is critical that JIC who report current SU are referred for SUD screening to be provided with potentially life-saving treatment services. Florida law and Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (FLDJJ) policy mandate that JIC who report current SU be referred for SUD screening. Evidence suggests a racial referral gap among JIC who require SUD screening, and research on intersectionality suggests that these disparities may be exacerbated for minority females. Therefore, we hypothesize that Black and Latinx females will be less likely to be referred for SUD screening than White children despite reporting current substance use to FLDJJ. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze cross-sectional data from FLDJJ on 35,884 JIC who reported SU in the past six months. The main and interaction effects of race and gender on the likelihood of referral for SUD screening were tested. The control variables included substance type, age, household income, current SU problems, history of mental health problems, number of misdemeanors, and risk to recidivate. Results: There were no significant differences in the likelihood of being referred for SUD screening between White females and White males. However, Black females (AOR= 0.48), Latinx females (AOR= 0.77), and Black males (AOR= 0.76) were significantly less likely to be referred than White males. Black females were half as likely to be referred as White males and females. Conclusion: This study finds evidence that Black females in the juvenile justice system are significantly underserved. The justice community must leverage these findings to implement protocols that ensure equal services for all children and eliminate gender and racial disparities in SUD screening.
Limitations of the ARDS criteria during high-flow oxygen or non-invasive ventilation: Evidence from critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hultström Michael , Hellkvist Ola , Covaciu Lucian , Fredén Filip , Frithiof Robert , Lipcsey Miklós , Perchiazzi Gaetano , Pellegrini Mariangela
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FIO2) during invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is used as criteria to grade the severity of respiratory failure in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). During the SARS-CoV2 pandemic the use of PaO2/FIO2 ratio has been increasingly used in non-invasive respiratory support such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The grading of hypoxemia in non-invasively ventilated patients is uncertain. The main hypothesis, investigated in this study, was that the PaO2/FIO2 ratio does not change when switching between MV, NIV and HFNC.

Methods

This was a sub-study of a single-center prospective observational study of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden for critical COVID-19. In a steady state condition, the PaO2/FIO2 ratio was recorded before and after any change between two of the studied respiratory support techniques (i.e., HFNC, NIV and MV).

Results

A total of 148 patients were included in the present analysis. We find that any change in respiratory support from or to HFNC caused a significant change in PaO2/FIO2 ratio (up to 48 mmHg, from HFNC to MV). Changes in respiratory support between NIV and MV did not show consistent change in PaO2/FIO2 ratio. In patients classified as mild to moderate ARDS during MV, the change from HFNC to MV showed a variable increase in PaO2/FIO2 ratio ranging between 52 and 140 mmHg (median of 127 mm Hg). This made prediction of ARDS severity during MV from the apparent ARDS grade during HFNC impossible.

Conclusion

HFNC is associated with lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio than either NIV or MV in the same patient, while NIV and MV provided similar PaO2/FIO2 and thus ARDS grade by Berlin definition. The large variation of PaO2/FIO2 ratio precludes using ARDS grade as a measure of pulmonary damage during HFNC.
C/EBPβ Participates in Nerve Trauma-Induced TLR7 Upregulation in Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: He Long , Cao Jing , Jiang Bao-Chun , Yang Jian-Jun , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Ai Yanqiu
Published: November 2021

Nerve trauma-induced toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression level increase in primary sensory neurons in the damaged dorsal root ganglion (DRG) avails to neuropathic pain, but the reason is still unknown. In the current study, we showed that unilateral lumbar 4 (L4) spinal nerve ligation (SNL) upregulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) expression in ipsilateral L4 DRG. Preventing this elevation attenuated the SNL-induced upregulation of TLR7 in the ipsilateral L4 DRG and inhibited cold/thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Mimicking nerve trauma-induced C/EBPβ upregulation generated an elevated level of TLR7 in injected DRG, augmented responses to cold/thermal/mechanical stimuli while causing ipsilateral spontaneous pain with no SNL. Mechanistically, SNL upregulated binding of increased C/EBPβ to Tlr7 promoter in ipsilateral L4 DRG. Accorded that C/EBPβ could trigger the activation of Tlr7 promoter and co-expressed with Tlr7 mRNA in individual DRG neurons, our findings strongly suggest the role of C/EBPβ in nerve trauma-mediated TLR7 upregulation in damaged primary sensory neurons.
On The Replacement of Traditional Stabilizers by Guaiacol in Environmentally Safe Nitrocellulose-based Propellants
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo L. B. , Silva Ana Paula da , Rosato Rogério , Lemos Maurício F. , Peixoto Fernando C. , Franca Tanos Celmar Costa Costa , Filho Letivan G. Mendonça
Published: November 2021

In this work we investigated the possibility of substituting diphenylamine (DPA) by the natural product guaiacol, as a stabilizer for nitrocellulose (NC)-based propellants. Stability evaluation, using heat-flux calorimetry (HFC), revealed lower heat flows associated with our guaiacol-stabilized propellant samples when compared to those of propellants stabilized with the traditional stabilizers. Also, pressure-vacuum stability tests (PVST) showed that our propellant exhibited lower evolved gas volumes. Traditional tests, such as the German Test, and the Bergmann-Junk Test, scored a NO volume, after titration, of 0.87 ml (below the limit-value for acceptance, which is 2.0 ml), and the Storage Test, showed that our samples are stable and do not degrade for more than 3 days when submitted to a constant temperature of 100°C. The homogeneity, stability and compatibility of our samples were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and isothermal thermogravimetry (TG). Ballistic parameters were estimated using a closed vessel along with ad hoc codes, for comparison purposes. Finally, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed before allowed inferring the stabilizer consumption after artificial ageing of samples. Such method also showed that the material met the correspondent stability criteria (AOP-48). In short, our results clearly indicate that guaiacol is an effective and efficient substitute for DPA as a propellant stabilizer for single base nitrocellulose-based propellants, making them more environmentally friendly.
Risk of leakage with a new tissue containment system for power morcellation during gynecologic laparoscopy: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhao Fang , Liang Jing , Ling Bin
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To evaluate leakage and tissue dissemination associated with a new tissue containment system for tissue removal during laparoscopic myomectomy morcellation using rigid pipes that can be seamlessly connected to detachable trocars.
Methods

Pork specimens were stained with indigo carmine dye and morcellated under laparoscopic guidance in a plastic trainer box. Morcellation was performed using two different containment systems. First, a polyurethane bag, 12 mm sheath for introduction into the peritoneal cavity, and 11 mm optic sleeve (control group). Second, a new tissue containment system using rigid pipes and detachable trocars (experimental group). All bags were inflated to 14–20 mmHg pressure using a standard CO2 insufflator. Visual evidence of spilled tissue or dye and procedure times were recorded.
Results

Thirty trials were performed using a multi-port approach and the two tissue containment systems. The leakage rate was 0.03% for the experimental group and 26.6% for the control group (p < 0.005). Morcellation time was significantly shorter in the experimental group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean bag introduction and removal times of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group; however, the removal time differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion

The current study quantified leakage during morcellation and the convenience provided by a new tissue containment system. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to corroborate the findings and to evaluate the use of the new tissue containment system for minimally invasive surgical treatment of tumors.
Decreased Serum Iron Concentration and Total Iron Binding Capacity Are Associated With Serious Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Su Jingling , Ren Yandan , Liu Lupeng , Hu Yiqun , Shi Huaxiu , Ren Jianlin , Xie Chenxi
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether serum indicators related to iron stores in the body are associated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity.Methods: Eighty-four patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and twenty-four healthy volunteers were included. The indicators related to iron stores were detected within one week after endoscopic and CT enterography examinations.Results: Patients were divided into three groups according to the CDAI scores. Serum iron levels were decreased in all patient groups (p<0.05), and the values of remission group were higher than those of moderate group (p<0.001). The total iron binding capacity （TIBC） values of the moderate group were lower than those of the controls and the other patient groups (p<0.05). None of the indicators differed significantly among the patients classified by SES-CD (p>0.05). Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 32.7% and 100%, respectively (AUC = 0.812, p<0.01).Conclusions: Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. Combined detection of the two indicators was conducive to screening patients with serious disease.
Sustainable and Clean Utilization of Coal Gangue: Activation and Preparation of Citrate-Soluble Silicon Fertilizer
Authors: Lv Bo , Zhao Zeya , Deng Xiaowei , Fang Chaojun , Dong Bobing
Published: November 2021

Silicon (Si) fertilizer is of great significance to modern agricultural production; the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer based on coal gangue is one way to protect the environment and meet the agricultural needs of China. In this study, we produced high-efficiency coal-gangue based silicon fertilizer by calcining a mixture of coal gangue, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and corn stalk powder at high-temperature (i.e., high-temperature activation technology); the effect of temperature and mixing ratio on the available-Si content of activated coal gangue was studied, followed by an analysis of the mechanism of available- Si formation. The results showed that the layered structure of coal gangue was severely damaged above 600 ℃, and the kaolin began to transform into metakaolin and other substances, where the available-Si content was not high (less than 10%). When CaCO3 alone was added, the peak intensity of quartz and muscovite in coal gangue decreased significantly with the increase of CaCO3. However, CaCO3 mainly played a catalytic role in the entire calcination and activation process, forming only a small amount of calcium silicate on the contact surface with coal gangue; however, the available-Si content was still below 12.60%. When corn stalk powder alone was added, the oxides of the corn stalk ash participated in the chemical reaction involving coal gangue, forming nepheline (K(Na, K)3Al4Si4O16) and other silicates, and the available-Si content was significantly higher than that with CaCO3. When coal gangue, CaCO3, and corn stalk powder were mixed and calcined, the available-Si content was as high as 22.97% under the synergistic effect of CaCO3 and corn stalk powder; the concentration of harmful heavy metals was below 0.025 mg/L. The above is in line with the requirements of silicon fertilizer for use in agriculture, thus confirming the preparation of coal gangue-based silicon fertilizer in an efficient manner.
High-Dose-Androgen-Induced Autophagic Cell Death to Suppress the Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth Via Altering the circRNA-BCL2/miRNA-198/AMBRA1 Signaling
Authors: Chen Lei , Sun Yin , Tang Min , Wu Denglong , Huang Chi-Ping , Yu Bosen , Xie Dongdong , Ye Qinglin , Yu Dexin , Chang Chawnshang
Published: November 2021

Background. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a gold standard treatment for advanced PCa. However, most patients eventually develop the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that progresses rapidly despite ongoing systemic androgen deprivation. While early studies indicated that high physiological doses of androgens might suppress rather than promote PCa cell growth in some selective CRPC patients, the exact mechanism of this opposite effect remains unclear. Results. we found that Enzalutamide-resistant (EnzR) CRPC cells can be suppressed by the high-dose-androgen DHT. Mechanism dissection suggested that a high-dose-DHT can suppress the circular RNA-BCL2 (circRNA-BCL2) expression via transcriptional regulation of its host gene BCL2. The suppressed circRNA-BCL2 can then alter the expression of miRNA-198 to modulate the AMBRA1 expression via direct binding to the 3′UTR of AMBRA1 mRNA. The consequences of high-dose-DHT suppressed circRNA-BCL2/miRNA-198/AMBRA1 signaling may then lead to induction of the autophagic cell death to suppress the EnzR CRPC cell growth. Preclinical studies using in vivo mouse models also demonstrated that AMBRA1-shRNA to suppress the autophagic cell death can weaken the effect of high-dose-DHT on EnzR CRPC tumors. Conclusion. Together, these in vitro and in vivo data provide new insights for understanding the mechanisms underlying high-dose-DHT suppression of the EnzR CRPC cell growth, indicating a potential therapy using high-dose-androgens to suppress CRPC progression in the future.
Transcription Factor Control of Dendrite Targeting via Combinatorial Cell-Surface Codes
Authors: Luo Liqun , Xie Qijing , Li Jiefu , Li Hongjie , Udeshi Namrata , Svinkina Tanya , Kohani Sayeh , Guajardo Ricardo , Mani D. R. , Xu Chuanyun , Li Tongchao , Han Shuo , Wei Wei , Shuster S , Luginbuhl David , Ting Alice , Carr Steven
Published: November 2021

Transcription factors are central commanders specifying cell fate, morphology, and physiology while cell-surface proteins execute these commands through interaction with cellular environment. In developing neurons, it is presumed that transcription factors control wiring specificity through regulation of cell-surface protein expression. However, the number and identity of cell-surface protein(s) a transcription factor regulates remain largely unclear1,2. Also unknown is whether a transcription factor regulates the same or different cell-surface proteins in different neuron types to specify their connectivity. Here we use a lineage-defining transcription factor, Acj6 (ref. 3), to investigate how it controls precise dendrite targeting of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs). Quantitative cell-surface proteomic profiling of wild-type and acj6 mutant PNs in intact developing brains and a proteome-informed genetic screen identified PN surface proteins that execute Acj6-regulated wiring decisions. These include canonical cell adhesion proteins and proteins previously not associated with wiring, such as the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo—whose channel activity is dispensable for its wiring function. Comprehensive genetic analyses revealed that Acj6 employs unique sets of cell-surface proteins in different PN types for dendrite targeting. Combinatorial expression of Acj6 wiring executors rescued acj6 mutant phenotypes with higher efficacy and breadth than expression of individual executors. Thus, a key transcription factor controls wiring specificity of different neuron types by specifying distinct combinatorial expression of cell-surface executors.
Enhanced Removal of Pb from Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slime by Vacuum Carbothermal Reduction
Authors: Yang Yong , Shu Jiancheng , Su Pengxin , Wu Haiping , Zhang Lei , Liu Renlong , Liu Zuohua , Chen Mengjun
Published: November 2021

Electrolytic manganese anode slime (EMAS) is produced during the production of electrolytic manganese metal. In this study, a method based on vacuum carbothermal reduction was used for Pb removal in EMAS. A Pb-removal efficiency of 99.85% and MnO purity in EMAS of 97.34 wt.% was obtained for a reduction temperature of 950°C and a carbon mass ratio of 10% for a holding time of 100 min. The dense structure of the EMAS was destroyed, a large number of multidimensional pores and cracks were formed, and the Pd-containing compound was reduced to elemental Pb by the vacuum carbothermal reduction. A recovery efficiency for chemical MnO2 of 36.6% was obtained via preparation from Pd-removed EMAS through the “roasting-pickling disproportionation” process, with an acid washing time of 100 min, acid washing temperature of 70°C, H2SO4 concentration of 0.8 mol/L, liquid-solid mass ratio of 7 mL/g, calcination temperature of 60°C and calcination time of 2.5 h. Moreover, the crystal form of the prepared chemical MnO2 was found to be basically the same as that of electrolytic MnO2, and its specific surface area, micropore volume and discharge capacity were all higher than that of electrolytic MnO2. This study provides a new method for Pd removal and recycling for EMAS.
Urodynamic Findings in Pediatric Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Retrospective Study From a Single Center
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Sun Huizhen , Gu Baojun , Zhan Qijia , Wei Min , Li Sen , Chen Fang , Xiao Bo
Published: November 2021

Objective To investigate the urodynamic study (UDS) result in pediatric patients with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Material and methods Medical records of CP with pre-operative UDS results underwent selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) from Jan. 2020 to May. 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Fifty-seven cases with spastic CP were included in the study. Among these cases, 46 were ambulatory and 11 were non-ambulatory. Average gross motor function measure - 66 (GMFM - 66) score was 62.16 ± 11.39. Reduced bladder capacity was seen in 49.12% of these cases and cases with lower GMFM - 66 score had a higher incidence rate of having low bladder capacity (p < 0.01). Detrusor overactivity (DO) was shown in 33.33% of patients. Cases with younger age had higher prevalence of DO (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, more non-ambulant patients had DO (p < 0.05). Increased post-voiding residual (PVR) was seen in 21.05% of cases. Those with higher average threshold in sphincter-associated input spinal nerve roots (rootlets) had higher rate of having abnormal PVR (p < 0.05). Conclusion Abnormal UDS results were prevalent in pediatric spastic CP. Motor function, age and threshold of their sphincter-associated spinal nerve rootlets were related to the abnormal UDS results.
An Archimedes' Screw for Light
Authors: Galiffi Emanuele , Huidobro Paloma , Pendry John
Published: November 2021

An Archimedes' Screw captures water, feeding energy into it by lifting it to a higher level. We introduce the first instance of an optical Archimedes' Screw, and demonstrate how this system is capable of capturing light, dragging it and amplifying it. We unveil new exact analytic solutions to Maxwell's Equations for a wide family of chiral space-time media, and show their potential to achieve chirally selective amplification within widely tunable parity-time-broken phases. Our work, which may be readily implemented via pump-probe experiments with circularly polarized beams, opens a new direction in the physics of time-varying media by merging the rising field of space-time metamaterials and that of chiral systems, and offers a new playground for topological and non-Hermitian photonics, with potential applications to chiral spectroscopy and sensing.
CONFIRMATION BIAS & PSYCHOEDUCATION WITH RELATION TO MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: Prathap Shambhavi , Das Jyoti
Published: November 2021

The article aims to review the present understanding of cognitive biases and how they play a role in the understanding of mental illnesses. The paper explores the effect of conformation bias in a collectivistic society and how psychoeducation can play a role in forwarding research backed and data-driven mental healthcare.