bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflective practice in infant mental health training and consultation
Authors: Larrieu Julie A. , Dickson Amy B.
Published: November 2009

This article describes models of training in infant mental health that utilize reflective supervision as a fundamental component of the educational and clinical experiences. The design and structure of these programs, offered by two medical centers, are described. Benefits and challenges to the adoption of infant mental health practice by trainees are outlined. Incorporation of reflective supervision in the training is discussed, and clinical examples are provided to illustrate its essential role in the development of the infant mental health clinician.
Strengthening and recognizing knowledge, skills, and reflective practice: The Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health competency guidelines and endorsement process
Authors: Weatherston Deborah J. , Kaplan‐Estrin Melissa , Goldberg Sheryl
Published: November 2009

Attachment theory and research suggest that early intervention services focused on the infant–parent relationship can improve outcomes for the child (D. Cicchetti, F.A. Rogosch, & C.L. Toth, 2006; D. Cicchetti, C.L. Toth, & F.A. Rogosch, 1999; N.J. Cohen et al., 1999; C.M. Heinicke et al., 1999; K.T. Hoffman, R.S. Marvin, G. Cooper, & B. Powell, 2006; A.F. Lieberman, D. Weston, & J.H. Pawl, 1991; A.F. Lieberman & C.H. Zeanah, 1999; K. Lyons‐Ruth, D.B. Connell, & H.U. Grunebaum, 1990; P. Zeanah, B. Stafford, & C. Zeanah, 2005). For that reason, experts in the field of infant mental health have focused on the competencies needed for providing services to infants, young children, and their families (H.C. Quay, A.E. Hogan, & K.F. Donohue, 2009). While the multidisciplinary field of infant mental health has thrived over the last three decades, credentialing practitioners from such a wide range of disciplines presents considerable challenges (J. Korfmacher & A. Hilado, 2008). This article discusses those challenges in summarizing the development of a comprehensive set of competency guidelines and an accessible, effective procedure for professional endorsement in the infant and family field (D. Weatherston, B.D. Moss, & D. Harris, 2006). Criteria for endorsement encourage professionals from many disciplines to integrate new knowledge about infancy and early childhood mental health with strategies that are culturally sensitive and skillful. Emphasis on reflective supervision or consultation encourages a framework for best practice promoting professional growth (L. Eggbeer, T.L. Mann, & N. Seibel, 2007; J. Pawl, 1995). The authors report individual outcomes that support the specialization of infant mental health, as well as notable changes in educational and training programs and state policies promoting infant mental health.
Modulation of TRPM6 and Na+/Mg2+ exchange in mammary epithelial cells in response to variations of magnesium availability
Authors: Wolf Federica I. , Trapani Valentina , Simonacci Matteo , Mastrototaro Lucia , Cittadini Achille , Schweigel Monika
Published: November 2009

Mammary epithelial cells (HC11) chronically adapted to grow in a low‐magnesium (0.05 mM vs. 0.5 mM) or in a high‐magnesium (40 mM) medium were used to investigate on the mechanisms of cell magnesium transport under conditions of non‐physiological magnesium availability. Magnesium influx was higher in low‐magnesium cells compared to control or high‐magnesium cells, whereas magnesium efflux was higher in high‐magnesium cells compared to control and low‐magnesium cells. Magnesium efflux was partially inhibited by imipramine, inhibitor of the Na+/Mg2+ exchange. Using a monoclonal antibody detecting a ∼70 kDa protein associated with Na+/Mg2+ exchange activity, we found that the expression levels of this protein were proportional to magnesium efflux capacity, that is, high‐magnesium cells > control cells > low‐magnesium cells. As for magnesium influx, this was abolished by Co(III)hexaammine, inhibitor of magnesium channels. Surprisingly, we found that cells grown in low magnesium upregulated mRNA for the magnesium channel TRPM6, but not for other channels like TRPM7 or MagT1. TRPM6 mRNA was also rapidly upregulated or downregulated in HC11 cells deprived of magnesium or in low‐magnesium cells re‐added with magnesium, respectively. TRPM6 protein levels, as assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence, underwent similar changes under comparable conditions. We propose that mammary epithelial cells adapt to decreased magnesium availability by upregulating magnesium influx via TRPM6, and counteract increased magnesium availability by increasing magnesium efflux primarily via Na+/Mg2+ exchange. These results show, for the first time, that TRPM6 contributes to regulating magnesium influx in mammary epithelial cells, similar to what is known for intestine and kidney. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 374–381, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population doublings and percentage of S100‐positive cells as predictors of in vitro chondrogenicity of expanded human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Giovannini Samoa , Diaz‐Romero Jose , Aigner Thomas , Mainil‐Varlet Pierre , Nesic Dobrila
Published: November 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the interconnection between the processes of proliferation, dedifferentiation, and intrinsic redifferentiation (chondrogenic) capacities of human articular chondrocyte (HAC), and to identify markers linking HAC dedifferentiation status with their chondrogenic potential. Cumulative population doublings (PD) of HAC expanded in monolayer culture were determined, and a threshold range of 3.57–4.19 PD was identified as indicative of HAC loss of intrinsic chondrogenic capacity in pellets incubated without added chondrogenic factors. While several specific gene and surface markers defined early HAC dedifferentiation process, no clear correlation with the loss of intrinsic chondrogenic potential could be established. CD90 expression during HAC monolayer culture revealed two subpopulations, with sorted CD90‐negative cells showing lower proliferative capacity and higher chondrogenic potential compared to CD90‐positive cells. Although these data further validated PD as critical for in vitro chondrogenesis, due to the early shift in expression, CD90 could not be considered for predicting chondrogenic potential of HAC expanded for several weeks. In contrast, an excellent mathematically modeled correlation was established between PD and the decline of HAC expressing the intracellular marker S100, providing a direct link between the number of cell divisions and dedifferentiation/loss of intrinsic chondrogenic capacity. Based on the dynamics of S100‐positive HAC during expansion, we propose asymmetric cell division as a potential mechanism of HAC dedifferentiation, and S100 as a marker to assess chondrogenicity of HAC during expansion, of potential value for cell‐based cartilage repair treatments. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 411–420, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclin D2 and the CDK substrate p220NPAT are required for self‐renewal of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Becker Klaus A. , Ghule Prachi N. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S.
Published: November 2009

Self‐renewal of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells utilizes an abbreviated cell cycle that bypasses E2F/pRB‐dependent growth control. We investigated whether self‐renewal is alternatively regulated by cyclin/CDK phosphorylation of the p220NPAT/HiNF‐P complex to activate histone gene expression at the G1/S phase transition. We show that cyclin D2 is prominently expressed in pluripotent hES cells, but cyclin D1 eclipses cyclin D2 during differentiation. Depletion of cyclin D2 or p220NPAT causes a cell cycle defect in G1 reflected by diminished phosphorylation of p220NPAT, decreased cell cycle dependent histone H4 expression and reduced S phase progression. Thus, cyclin D2 and p220NPAT are principal cell cycle regulators that determine competency for self‐renewal in pluripotent hES cells. While pRB/E2F checkpoint control is relinquished in human ES cells, fidelity of physiological regulation is secured by cyclin D2 dependent activation of the p220NPAT/HiNF‐P mechanism that may explain perpetual proliferation of hES cells without transformation or tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 456–464, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 9‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]quinoline and 9‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]quinolin‐8‐ol derivatives
Authors: Song Yang‐Heon , Jo Boung Sun
Published: November 2009

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The synthesis of 9‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]quinoline (3) and 9‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]quinolin‐5‐ol derivatives (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g) in good yield by three‐step procedures starting from 3‐aminothiophene‐2‐carbonitrile and 5‐substituted cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
One‐pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrans catalyzed by basic ionic liquid in aqueous media
Authors: Gong Kai , Wang Hua‐Lan , Luo Jun , Liu Zu‐Liang
Published: November 2009

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An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4H‐pyrans has been achieved through the one‐pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 4‐hydroxycoumarin, phenols or active methylene carbonyl compounds such as 1, 3‐cyclohexanedione and dimedone in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hydroxide ([bmim]OH) as catalyst in aqueous media. This method offers several advantages short reaction time, high yields, and simple procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Influence of soil fertility on dye flavonoids production in weld (Reseda luteola L.) accessions from Portugal
Authors: Gaspar Helena , Moiteiro Cristina , Turkman Antonia , Coutinho João , Carnide Valdemar
Published: November 2009

A HPLC‐diode array detector (DAD) methodology was developed to allow the simultaneous identification and quantification of Reseda luteola L. (weld) dye flavonoids, luteolin, apigenin, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin 7‐O‐glucoside, luteolin 3′,7‐O‐diglucoside and luteolin 4′‐O‐glucoside. The method was validated with excellent results in linearity, sensibility, accuracy and precision. This method was applied to evaluate the influence of soil fertility on the production of weld dye flavonoids. The results showed that weld dye capacity is dependent on soil fertility and the origin of seeds. This method proved its reproducibility and can be used to evaluate the dyeing potential of R. luteola samples in a simple and accurate way.
Synthesis of POSS‐Functionalized Polyisobutylene via Direct Initiation
Authors: Hayat Soytaş Serap , Lim Goy Teck , Puskas Judit E.
Published: November 2009

POSS‐functionalized polyisobutylenes (PIBs) were synthesized by carbocationic polymerization using an epoxy‐POSS/TiCl4 initiating system in hexane/methyl chloride (60:40 v/v) solvent mixture at −80 °C. 1H NMR spectroscopy verified the incorporation of one epoxy‐POSS per polymer chain. Light scattering and TEM analysis demonstrated the formation of 50–100 nm sized aggregates and micron‐sized clusters.

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Fluorinated Copolymer Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging Applications
Authors: Bailey Mark M. , Mahoney Christine M. , Dempah Kassibla E. , Davis Jeffrey M. , Becker Matthew L. , Khondee Supang , Munson Eric J. , Berkland Cory
Published: November 2009

Nanomaterials have emerged as valuable tools in biomedical imaging techniques. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorinated nanoparticle with potential applications as an MRI contrast agent is reported. Particles were synthesized using a free radical polymerization technique. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis showed that the particles' surface contained fluorinated groups and nitrogen‐containing groups. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy suggested the presence of two distinct fluorine resonances, which conforms to the structure of the fluorinated monomer. Ongoing studies aim to evaluate the performance of the nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents both in vitro and in vivo.

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Nitroxide‐Mediated Copolymerization of 2‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and 2‐Hydroxypropyl Acrylate: Copolymerization Kinetics and Thermoresponsive Properties
Authors: Hoogenboom Richard , Popescu Dragos , Steinhauer Wiktor , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin
Published: November 2009

Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) is an interesting biomaterial with similar biocompatibility as the widespread used poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Poly(2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate) (PHPA) is a less frequently studied polymer that exhibits thermoresponsive behavior in water. Therefore, copolymers of HEA and HPA are interesting thermoresponsive polymers to evaluate as potential biomaterials. Here, we report the copolymerization kinetics of HEA and HPA by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization, employing Blocbuilder® initiator and SG‐1 free nitroxide, revealing an ideal random copolymerization. Furthermore, the thermoresponsive properties of the resulting copolymers are discussed, whereby the cloud points are related to both polymer composition as well as polymer concentration.

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Feasibility and early outcomes of supine‐position craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Huang Fleur , Parker William , Freeman Carolyn R.
Published: November 2009

From 2000–2007, we treated 14 patients (median age 5.8 years) with medulloblastoma (MB) with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in the supine position for comfort, setup reproducibility and anaesthesia airway access. Acute toxicity included nausea/vomiting (N = 9), weight loss (median 10.3% (2.2–18.2), N = 10), lymphopenia (all), neutropenia (N = 3) and pancreatitis with Mallory–Weiss tear (N = 1). Five children required hospitalization during treatment. Chemotherapy was adjusted in 6, without CSI delay. After a median follow‐up of 32.4 months (13.3–83.2), two patients recurred, two died of a second CNS malignancy, and one developed leukaemia. All others remain in complete remission. In this small series, CSI was delivered safely in the supine position with early outcomes in line with classical CSI literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:322–325. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of refractory donor lymphocyte infusion‐induced immune‐mediated pancytopenia with rituximab
Authors: Kato Itaru , Umeda Katsutsugu , Awaya Tomonari , Yui Yoshihiro , Niwa Akira , Fujino Hisanori , Matsubara Hiroshi , Watanabe Ken‐Ichiro , Heike Toshio , Adachi Naoto , Endo Fumio , Mizukami Tomoyuki , Nunoi Hiroyuki , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Adachi Souichi
Published: November 2009

A 6‐year‐old male with chronic granulomatous disease, who was transplanted with bone marrow and exhibited increasing mixed chimerism, subsequently received two donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI). Two weeks after the second DLI, the patient developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and progressive pancytopenia that was associated with autoantibody production. Conventional treatment did not improve the pancytopenia. However, administration of Rituximab (RTX) (375 mg/m2/week for four consecutive weeks) resulted in a rapid resolution of the pancytopenia. The patient achieved full donor chimerism without GVHD symptoms. RTX can be valuable for managing immune‐mediated cytopenias that arise after DLI and are refractory to conventional therapies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:329–331. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FDG PET imaging of childhood sarcomas
Authors: Mody Rajen J. , Bui Chuong , Hutchinson Raymond J. , Yanik Greg A. , Castle Valerie P. , Frey Kirk A. , Shulkin Barry L.
Published: November 2009

Background

Positron‐emission tomography (PET) imaging using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is useful for detection, staging, and monitoring a variety of malignancies, including lymphoma, in adults, but its utility in sarcomas, especially soft tissue sarcomas (STS), in children and young adults is not clear.

Procedure

To evaluate the potential utility of FDG PET in the care of STS in children and young adults, we analyzed 46 PET scans in 25 patients acquired over 12 years. Scans were interpreted by two imaging physicians blinded to findings from other imaging studies and clinical information. Results were compared with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy results, where available, and clinical follow‐up of at least 12 months.

Results

For a total of 46 scans in 25 patients, there were 25 true‐positive scans, 3 false‐positive scans, 12 true‐negative scans, and 6 false‐negative scans. The sensitivity of the PET scan was 86%, specificity was 80%, positive predictive value was 89%, and negative predictive value was 67%.

Conclusion

FDG PET may be a useful imaging modality in the management of children and young adults with STS, although prospective studies are needed to establish its true utility. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:222–227. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of distinctive protein expression patterns in colorectal adenoma
Authors: F. Lam Francis , Jankova Lucy , Dent Owen F. , Molloy Mark P. , Kwun Sun Young , Clarke Candice , Chapuis Pierre , Robertson Graham , Beale Philip , Clarke Stephen , Bokey E. Les , Chan Charles
Published: November 2009

Purpose: As a pre‐malignant precursor, adenoma provides an ideal tissue for proteome profiling to investigate early colorectal cancer development and provide possible targets for preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of differential protein expression that distinguish colorectal adenoma from normal tissue. Experimental design: Twenty paired samples of adenoma and normal mucosa were analysed by 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS to detect proteins with ≥2‐fold differential expression. Results: Four proteins were up‐regulated in adenoma (Annexin A3, S100A11, S100P and eIF5A‐1) and three were down‐regulated (Galectin‐1, S100A9 and FABPL). S100P, galectin‐1, S100A9 and FABPL expression was localised by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Distinctive patterns of in vivo protein expression in colorectal adenoma were identified for the first time. These proteins have important functions in cell differentiation, proliferation and metabolism, and may play a crucial role in early colorectal carcinogenesis. The ability to recognise premalignant lesions may have important applications in cancer prevention.
Currently available drug options for the management of IBD
Authors: Parry Sally , Wilkinson Mark
Published: November 2009

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition of unknown cause that can affect both young and old and for which no single treatment is uniformly effective. Our Drug review discusses the properties of the currently available drugs and their recommended use, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Qlaira: novel multiphasic oral contraceptive taken continuously
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Mansour Diana
Published: November 2009

Qlaira is a new multiphasic COC that is taken continuously and comprises four combinations of estradiol valerate and the progestogen dienogest, plus two inert tablets. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy, and adverse effects and Dr Mansour discusses its place in contraception. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Threadworm infestation in children: diagnosis and management
Authors: de Silva Inger
Published: November 2009

Our series Prescribing in children gives practical advice for successful management of childhood problems in general practice. Here, the author describes the diagnosis and management of threadworm in this age group. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
First selective agonist of the neuropeptide Y1‐receptor with reduced size
Authors: Zwanziger Denise , Böhme Ilka , Lindner Diana , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: November 2009

Selective NPY analogues are potent tools for tumour targeting. Their Y1‐receptors are significantly over‐expressed in human breast tumours, whereas normal breast tissue only expresses Y2‐receptors. The endogenous peptide consists of 36 amino acids, whereas smaller peptides are preferred because of better labelling efficiencies. As Y1‐receptor agonists enhance the tumour to background ratio compared to Y1‐receptor antagonists, we were interested in the development of Y1‐receptor selective agonists. We designed 19 peptides containing theC‐terminus of NPY (28–36) with several modifications. By using competition receptor binding affinity assays, we identified three NPY analogues with high Y1‐receptor affinity and selectivity. Metabolic stability studies in human blood plasma of theN‐terminally 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (CF) labelled peptides resulted in half‐lives of several hours. Furthermore, the degradation pattern revealed proteolytic degradation of the peptides by amino peptidases. The most promising peptide was further investigated in receptor activation and internalization studies. Signal transduction assays revealed clear agonistic properties, which could be confirmed by microscopy studies that showed clear Y1‐receptor internalization. For the first time, here we show the design and characterization of a small Y1‐receptor selective agonist. This agonist might be a useful novel ligand for NPY‐mediated tumour diagnostics and therapeutics. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially resolved determination of dark saturation current and series resistance of silicon solar cells
Authors: Glatthaar Markus , Haunschild Jonas , Kasemann Martin , Giesecke Johannes , Warta Wilhelm , Rein Stefan
Published: November 2009

Luminescence images of silicon solar cells contain information about local recombination properties and local series resistance. It is difficult to separate the information and interpret single images correctly and quantitatively though, which greatly limits the use of single luminescence images, in particular for the application as an in‐production characterization tool. We therefore developed a fast method based on photoluminescence imaging for a spatially resolved coupled determination of the dark saturation current and series resistance (C‐DCR). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio studies of the characteristics of hydrogen bonds involving aromatically bound hydroxyl and amino groups and the effects of aromatic fluorine substitution on these interactions
Authors: Riley Kevin E.
Published: November 2009

In this work, we study the hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) involving hydroxyl and amino groups bonded to phenyl and pyrimidine rings (as H‐bond donors). These types of interactions play important roles in the recognition of ligands by proteins and are also important in the design of materials. The effects of aromatic fluorine substitutions on aromatic rings are also investigated, and it is found that these substitutions can have large effects on the hydrogen bonding interactions that occur in our model systems, making them substantially stronger. This finding offers a new mechanism for the modification of these types of interactions, potentially opening new paths in the design of novel pharmaceuticals and materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Chemical reactivity and magnetism of graphene
Authors: Sheka Elena F. , Chernozatonskii Leonid A.
Published: November 2009

The basic problem of weak interaction between odd electrons in graphene is considered within the framework of broken spin‐symmetry single‐determinant approach. The modern implementations of the approach in the form of either unrestricted Hartree‐Fock scheme (UBS HF) or spin‐polarized DFT (UBS DFT) were discussed with particular attention to the applicability of spin‐contaminated solutions of both techniques for the description of electronic properties of graphene. The UBS DFT applications generally reveal the open‐shell character of the singlet state of the object and manifest an extra spin density concentrated on zigzag edge atoms. The UBS HF approach supports these findings but exhibits the extra spin density not only on zigzag edge atoms but on all atoms of the sheet. This very peculiarity permits to quantitatively describe the odd electron behavior via both enhanced chemical reactivity and magnetism. The former is presented in terms of a quantified atomic chemical susceptibility. The magnetic response of graphene sheets is provided by a collective action of all odd electrons and is size dependent. The relative magnetic coupling constant J decreases when the sheet size increases and J approaches the limit value of 10−2 to 10−3 kcal/mol when the sheet size is of a few nanometers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010.
Theoretical investigation on sulfur‐containing chelating resin‐divalent metal complexes
Authors: Niu Yuzhong , Feng Shengyu , Ding Yunqiao , Qu Rongjun , Wang Dengxu , Han Jianjun
Published: November 2009

The complex structures and interactions of sulfur‐containing chelating resin poly[4‐vinylbenzyl‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)]sulfide (PVBS), poly[4‐vinylbenzyl‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)]sulfoxide (PVBSO), and poly[4‐vinylbenzyl‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)]sulfone (PVBSO2) with divalent metal chlorides (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pd(II)) were investigated theoretically. Results indicate that PVBS tends to coordinate with metal ions by sulfur and oxygen atoms forming five‐membered ring chelating complexes; while PVBSO and PVBSO2 prefer to interact with metal ions by the oxygen atom of the sulfoxide or sulfone and hydroxyl group to form six‐membered ring chelating compounds. Theoretical calculations reveal that sulfur atoms of PVBS are the main contributor when coordinate with metal ions, while oxygen atoms also take part in the coordination with Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II). As for PVBSO, the oxygen atoms of sulfoxide group play a key role in the coordination, but sulfur and hydroxyl oxygen also participate in the coordination. Similarly, sulfone group oxygen atoms of PVBSO2 dominate the coordination of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II), while the affinities of Zn(II) and Cd(II) are mainly attributed to the hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The computational results are in good agreement with the XPS analysis. Combined the theoretical and experimental results, further understanding of the structural information on the complexes was achieved and the adsorption mechanism was confirmed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Comparative study on formamide–water complex
Authors: Nagaraju M. , Narahari Sastry G.
Published: November 2009

The hydrogen bonding of 1:1 complexes formed between formamide and water molecule have been investigated systematically using Hartree–Fock (HF), hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP), and post‐Hartree–Fock (MP2 and CCSD(T)) methods with range of basis sets 6‐31G(d), cc‐pVXZ (X = D, T, Q) and aug‐cc‐pVYZ (Y = D, T). Three stable structures are considered on the potential energy surface of formamide and water system. The optimized geometric parameters and interaction energies for various isomers at different levels are estimated. The IR frequencies, intensities, and frequency shifts are reported. This study shows that B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ method gives better performance for formamide‐water complexes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010.
Evaluation of one‐electron molecular integrals over complete orthonormal sets of Ψα ‐ETO using auxiliary functions
Authors: Guseinov Israfil I. , Sahin Ercan
Published: November 2009

By the use of expansion and one‐range addition theorems, the one‐electron molecular integrals over complete orthonormal sets of Ψα ‐exponential type orbitals arising in Hartree–Fock–Roothaan equations for molecules are evaluated. These integrals are expressed through the auxiliary functions in ellipsoidal coordinates. The comparison is made using Slater‐, Coulomb‐Sturmian‐, and Lambda‐type basis functions. Computation results are in good agreement with those obtained in the literature. The relationships obtained are valid for the arbitrary quantum numbers, screening constants, and location of orbitals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Quasi‐classical trajectory stereodynamics study of the Li + HF(v = 0, j = 0) → LiF + H reaction
Authors: Yuan Ming‐Hu , Zhao Guo‐Jun
Published: November 2009

In this work, quasi‐classical trajectory (QCT) calculations for the Li + HF (v = 0, j = 0) → LiF + H reaction, on the Aguado‐Paniagua2‐potential energy surface (AP2‐PES) constructed by Aguado et al. (Aguado et al., J Chem Phys 1997, 107, 10085), have been performed to study the vector properties of the products. The dihedral angle distribution P(ϕr) characterizing the k‐k′‐j′ correlation and the P(θr) distribution characterizing the k‐j′ correlation are calculated and discussed. Furthermore, the angular distribution P(θr, ϕr) of product rotational vectors plotted in polar form in θr and ϕr is presented. Finally, the average rotational alignment factor  is calculated over a collision energy range of 20–450 meV to investigate the variation of the rotational alignment with collision energy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Quantum chemical topology: The electronic structure of the alkaline nitrites MONO (M = Li, Na, K) studied by means of topological analysis of the electron localization function
Authors: Berski Sławomir , Latajka Zdzisław
Published: November 2009

In the search of the protocovalent bonding, previously recognized in the nitrous acid (HONO), a nature of the chemical bonds in the alkaline nitrites MONO (M = Li, Na, K) has been studied by means of the topological analysis of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) and Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI‐D). Calculations carried out with the B3LYP and MP2(full) methods, in conjunction with the aug‐cc‐pVTZ and 6‐311++G(3df,3pd) basis sets, revealed the cis (C2v, more stable) and trans (Cs) isomers as minima on PES. Alkaline nitrites consist of the alkali metal cation Mδ+ interacting, mainly via electrostatic forces, with the nitrite anion [ONO]δ− (δ ≈ 1e). The covalent NO bonds are characterized by disynaptic basins V(N,O) with the basin populations: 1.58÷1.62e for cis‐Mδ+[ONO]δ− but 1.39÷1.49e for single NO bond and 1.81÷1.87e for formally double NO bond in trans Mδ+[ONO]δ−. The protocovalent nitrogen–oxygen bond has not been observed. The NO bonds are slightly polarized towards the nitrogen atom with the polarity index pNO ≤ 0.12. Two different sets of the hybrid (Lewis) structures are compared leading to different pictures of the bonding. According to NBO data there is a delocalization between the single NO and double NO type bonds, meanwhile results of the ELF analysis emphasize an electron delocalization between the single NO and ionic O−N+ hybrids. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
A switching system approach to actuator assignment with limited channels
Authors: Guo Ge , Jin Hui
Published: November 2009

The problem of integrated design of controller and communication sequences is addressed for networked control systems with simultaneous consideration of medium access limitations and network‐induced delays, packet dropouts and measurement quantization. By exploiting a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by making use of novel techniques for switching delay systems, it is shown that linear time invariant systems can be stabilized with delay‐dependent state feedback controllers and communication sequences satisfying appropriate delay‐dependent conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Illustrative examples are provided to show the usefulness and advantage of the developed results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and extension of a biochemical network model using robust control theory
Authors: Kim J.‐S. , Valeyev N. V. , Postlethwaite I. , Heslop‐Harrison P. , Cho K.‐H. , Bates D. G.
Published: November 2009

Mathematical models of biological processes which have been observed in vivo to be highly robust to intracellular and environmental variations should themselves display appropriate levels of robustness when analysed in silico. This paper uses techniques from robust control theory to analyse and extend a mathematical model of the interacting proteins underlying adenosine 3′, 5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) oscillations in aggregating Dictyostelium cells. Starting with a previously proposed ‘minimal’ model, we show how robustness analysis using the structured singular value can identify points of structural fragility in the network. By combining these results with insights from recent results from the experimental literature, we show how the original model can be augmented with some important additional modules, comprising networks involving IP3 and Ca2+. By analysing the robustness of our new extended model, we are able to show that dynamic interactions between the different modules play a pivotal role in generating robust cAMP oscillations; thus, significantly improving our understanding of the design principles underlying this complex biological system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consensus problem of high‐order multi‐agent systems with external disturbances: AnH∞analysis approach
Authors: Liu Yang , Jia Yingmin
Published: November 2009

This paper is devoted to the output consensus problem of directed networks of multiple high‐order agents with external disturbances, and proposes a distributed protocol using the neighbors' measured outputs. By defining an appropriate controlled output and conducting a model transformation in two steps, consensus performance analysis of the multi‐agent system under the proposed protocol is transformed into a normalH∞problem. Then usingH∞theory of linear systems, conditions are derived to ensure the consensus performance with a prescribedH∞index for networks with fixed and switching topologies, respectively. A numerical example of the formation control application is included to validate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying and resolving uncertainty as a mediated action in science: A comparative analysis of the cultural tools used by scientists and elementary science students at work
Authors: Kirch Susan A.
Published: November 2009

Elementary school children are capable of reproducing sophisticated science process skills such as observing, designing experiments, collecting data, and evaluating evidence. An understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge requires more than teaching and learning the performance of these skills. It also requires an appreciation of how these actions lead to knowledge generation and shape its durable and tentative nature. Our understanding of activities that support the teaching and learning of the nature of scientific knowledge is still growing. This study compares how scientific knowledge is generated in science laboratories and in elementary school classrooms. Discourse analysis, conducted through an activity theoretical perspective, of conversations between biomedical researchers revealed that nearly every aspect of discussions among scientists concerned uncertainty—establishing what was known with confidence and what remained unresolved. Analysis of conversations between teachers and students in an urban elementary school showed that a similar pattern of identifying and resolving uncertainty was evident when students were conducting independent investigations. All participants identified new knowledge through processes of reflexivity concerned with what was observed, conducted, and interpreted in investigations. Implications for science education are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:308–335, 2010
FGF2 Specifies hESC-Derived Definitive Endoderm into Foregut/Midgut Cell Lineages in a Concentration-Dependent Manner
Authors: Ameri Jacqueline , Ståhlberg Anders , Pedersen Jesper , Johansson Jenny K. , Johannesson Martina M. , Artner Isabella , Semb Henrik
Published: November 2009

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling controls axis formation during endoderm development. Studies in lower vertebrates have demonstrated that FGF2 primarily patterns the ventral foregut endoderm into liver and lung, whereas FGF4 exhibits broad anterior-posterior and left-right patterning activities. Furthermore, an inductive role of FGF2 during dorsal pancreas formation has been shown. However, whether FGF2 plays a similar role during human endoderm development remains unknown. Here, we show that FGF2 specifies hESC-derived definitive endoderm (DE) into different foregut lineages in a dosage-dependent manner. Specifically, increasing concentrations of FGF2 inhibits hepatocyte differentiation, whereas intermediate concentration of FGF2 promotes differentiation toward a pancreatic cell fate. At high FGF2 levels specification of midgut endoderm into small intestinal progenitors is increased at the expense of PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors. High FGF2 concentrations also promote differentiation toward an anterior foregut pulmonary cell fate. Finally, by dissecting the FGF receptor intracellular pathway that regulates pancreas specification, we demonstrate for the first time to the best of our knowledge that induction of PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors relies on FGF2-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Altogether, these observations suggest a broader gut endodermal patterning activity of FGF2 that corresponds to what has previously been advocated for FGF4, implying a functional switch from FGF4 to FGF2 during evolution. Thus, our results provide new knowledge of how cell fate specification of human DE is controlled—facts that will be of great value for future regenerative cell therapies.
Effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on gene expression of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) early life stages
Authors: Johns Sonia M. , Denslow Nancy D. , Kane Michael D. , Watanabe Karen H. , Orlando Edward F. , Sepúlveda Maria S.
Published: November 2009

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to contaminate aquatic environments and alter the growth and reproduction of organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and utility of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) early life‐stages as a model to measure effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic EDCs on physiological and gene expression endpoints relative to growth and reproduction. Embryos (<24‐h postfertilization, hpf) were exposed to a potent estrogen (17α‐ethinyl estradiol, EE2, 2, 10, and 50 ng L−1); a weak estrogen (mycotoxin zearalenone, ZEAR, same concentrations as above); an antiestrogen (ZM 189, 154; 40, 250, and 1000 ng L−1); and to mixtures of EE2 and ZM until swim‐up stage (∼170 hpf). Exposure to all concentrations of ZEAR and to the lowest concentration of ZM resulted in increased body sizes, whereas high concentrations of EE2 decreased body sizes. There was a significant increase in the frequency of abnormalities (mostly edema) in larvae exposed to all concentrations of EE2, and high ZEAR, and EE2 + ZM mixture groups. Expression of growth hormone was upregulated by most of the conditions tested. Exposure to 50 ng L−1 ZEAR caused an induction of insulin‐like growth factor 1, whereas exposure to 40 ng L−1 ZM caused a downregulation of this gene. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene was significantly upregulated after exposure to all concentrations of EE2 and luteinizing hormone expression increased significantly in response to all treatments tested. As expected, EE2 induced vitellogenin expression; however, ZEAR also induced expression of this gene to similar levels compared to EE2. Overall, exposure to EE2 + ZM mixture resulted in a different expression pattern compared to single exposures. The results of this study suggest that an early life stage 7‐day exposure is sufficient to recognize and evaluate effects of estrogenic compounds on gene expression in this fish model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Radionuclide induced energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence for the determination of La, Ce, Pr and Nd and their content sums in the rare‐earth ores
Authors: Zuzaan P. , Gansukh N. , Bolortuya D.
Published: November 2009

In this paper an analytical procedure for the determination of La, Ce, Pr and Nd in rare‐earth ores is described. More than 5000 of powdered samples were prepared from the ores selected in various places of their deposit. The samples were analyzed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) with an Am‐241 source for the radiation excitation of characteristic K‐lines of the elements mentioned. The results were compared with the data of other methods and reference materials. The correlation of LaCe, LaPr, LaNd, CePr, CeNd and PrNd elements pairs were determined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An activity-based system of models for student mobility simulation
Authors: Mazzulla Gabriella
Published: November 2009

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to provide a tool for transport system planning. Therefore, a system of models for student mobility simulation on a university campus is proposed.

Methods

An activity-based approach has been adopted. The system of models is sequential, in which each choice dimension is linked to the previous one and involves the choices made at a lower level, and it is made up of multinomial and hierarchical Logit models. Additionally, the Revealed and Stated preferences technique has been adopted for investigating user choice behaviour in the hypothesis that an innovative transport system is realized to access the campus.

Conclusions

The proposed system of models adopt the activity-based travel approach combined with the conjoint use of the RP and SP methodologies, allowing a better understanding and prediction of users responses to travel demand management measures. The model structure is very realistic for student mobility simulation, helping the analyst in evaluating the effects of park pricing policies and the introduction of a new transport system in the travel users choices.
Relationship between yield, growth and spike weight in wheat under phosphorus deficiency and shading
Authors: LÁZARO L. , ABBATE P. E. , COGLIATTI D. H. , ANDRADE F. H.
Published: November 2009

The effect of phosphorus deficiency on yield formation in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumcv. Prointa Oasis) was investigated, focusing on crop growth and dry matter partitioning during the spike growth period (SGP), which is critical for grain number determination. Two experiments combining shading and P deficiency were performed at Balcarce, Argentina (37°45′S). The main treatments were two levels of soil P-availability: low P, a naturally low P fertility soil (7·0 and 5·5 mg Bray extractable P/kg soil, in the first and second experiments respectively) and high P, a P dose that does not limit growth. The sub-treatments were two levels of radiation (shaded and control). Phosphorus deficiency affected yield mainly through the number of grains/unit surface (m2). Differences in grain number/m2were related to differences in dry weight of spikes/m2, measured 7 days after anthesis, excluding grain weight. The duration of the SGP did not change much as result of P deficiency: 27 days with high P and only 3 days more with low P. Therefore, changes in spike dry weight were mainly due to differences in spike growth rate. In turn, the spike growth rate of all treatments was linearly related to crop growth rate, with little effect of dry matter partitioning to spikes. Finally, differences in crop growth rate between P treatments were mainly determined by the amount of intercepted radiation. It was concluded that P deficiency resulted in a reduction in intercepted radiation during the SGP, thus causing a reduction in grain number and crop yield.
Sponges in an extreme environment: suberitids from the quasi-marine Satonda Island crater lake (Sumbawa, Indonesia)
Authors: Pisera Andrzej , Rützler Klaus , Kaz'mierczak Józef , Kempe Stephan
Published: November 2009

Sponges are rare in extreme environments, and very little is known about their adaptations to such settings. Evidence from two species in a marine-derived midwater stratified crater lake on Satonda Island (Sumbawa, Indonesia) suggests their production of gemmules (resting bodies), a rare trait in marine sponges but common in freshwater forms, may be a survival mechanism in the lake's harsh environment. With its epilimnion hydrochemistry—characterized by changing alkalinity, salinity, and O2 levels over the region's wet and dry seasons—the lake sustains only a few marine macroscopic organisms, among them the suberitid sponges Protosuberites lacustris comb. nov. and Suberites sp. (Hadromerida: Suberitida). Both species belong to the same group as sponges reported from other marine-derived lakes with strongly varying and extreme environmental (especially chemical) parameters. The morphological characters, taxonomic position, ecological adaptations, environmental conditions, and biota associated with the sponges in this ecologically unique site are presented here.
Reproduction, growth and production of Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia: Veneridae) on northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Authors: Saeedi Hanieh , Ardalan Aria A. , Kamrani Ehsan , Kiabi Bahram H.
Published: November 2009

Amiantis umbonella is distributed throughout the coast of the northern Persian Gulf. This study of 893 clams provides data on reproduction, growth and production for the period April 2007 to March 2008 from two transects along the Bandar Abbas coast. Histological preparations showed six stages of gametogenic development: resting stage (Stage 0), early active (Stage I), late active (Stage II), ripe (Stage III), partially spawned (Stage IV) and spent (Stage V). The specimens were gonochoric and showed synchronized spawning. The reproductive cycle commenced in September and finished in March with one major spawning event in January which correlated with lower sea temperature. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for the sample were asymptotic length (L∞) = 58–62 mm, growth constant (k) = 0.28–0.29 yr−1 and length zero (t0) = –0.48 –0.47. The mean annual clam abundance, mean biomass and production were 10 individuals. m−2, 5.7 g shell free dry weight (SFDW) m−2 and 0.495 g SFDW m−2 yr−1, respectively.
Foraging activity of roving herbivorous reef fish (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) in eastern Brazil: influence of resource availability and interference competition
Authors: Francini-Filho Ronaldo Bastos , Ferreira Camilo Moitinho , Coni Ericka Oliveira Cavalcanti , De Moura Rodrigo Leão , Kaufman Les
Published: November 2009

Foraging activity of roving herbivorous reef fish (RHs) from families Acanthuridae (surgeonfish; three species) and Scaridae (parrotfish; five species), and its relationship to resource availability and interference competition, was studied in the largest South Atlantic Reef complex (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil). Observations were undertaken at four sites differing in resource availability and competitors' abundance (i.e. RHs and territorial herbivores from genusStegastes). Turf algae (TA) were selected by most species in most sites, while other food items were generally avoided. Surgeonfish had higher feeding rates than parrotfish, the former grazing more frequently on fleshy algae (FA) and the latter on crustose calcareous algae (CCA). Both surgeonfish and parrotfish interacted agonistically most frequently with damselfish, followed by confamilial interactions. Despite these consistent patterns, feeding rates, food selection and frequency of agonistic interactions differed significantly between sites for most species. Bite rates on CCA and FA were disproportionally higher in sites where such items were more available, leading to significant spatial variation in grazing selectivity (i.e. positive rather than negative selection of CCA and ‘lower avoidance’ of FA). Although agonistic interactions were more frequent at sites where herbivorous fish (both roving and territorial) were most abundant, there was no clear relationship between interference competition and foraging patterns. These results indicate that the scarcity of other food may induce RHs to consume the dominant resources. They also support the hypotheses that RHs are unable to clear large tracts of reef surface of FA once these have proliferated, and that territorial herbivores do not limit the access of RHs to particular resources.