bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor based on SiO2–Au nanoparticles for hemoglobin detection
Authors: Li Caihong , Li Jian , Tang Haowei , Yang Xiaodi , Fei Qiqi , Sun Chong
Published: January 2017

The novel SiO2–Au nanoparticles (SiO2–Au NPs) with excellent conductivity and biocompatibility were synthesized and used to construct non-enzymatic hemoglobin (Hb) biosensor that could be applied in the analysis of practical samples. The idea and method will provide a new approach for evaluation of quality of meat.
Portable mass spectrometry for the direct analysis and quantification of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in the gas phase
Authors: Giannoukos Stamatios , Antony Joseph Mariya Juno , Taylor Stephen
Published: January 2017

Field chemical analysis (FCA) of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons is a highly debated topic of widespread interest due to the significant negative impact of these compounds on public health, on ecosystems and in the environment (e.g. destruction of the stratospheric ozone).
Bacteria-templated fabrication of a charge heterogeneous polymeric interface for highly specific bacterial recognition
Authors: Bao Han , Yang Bin , Zhang Xingwang , Lei Lecheng , Li Zhongjian
Published: January 2017

Using bacteria-templated polymerization, a novel bacteria-imprinted polymer (BIP) was fabricated for bacterial recognition.
Coupling multiphase-Fe and hierarchical N-doped graphitic carbon as trifunctional electrocatalysts by supramolecular preorganization of precursors
Authors: Zhou Zhixin , He Fei , Shen Yanfei , Chen Xinghua , Yang Yiran , Liu Songqin , Mori Toshiyuki , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: January 2017

A hydrogen bond-driven supramolecular approach to prepare multifunctional carbon-based electrocatalysts with a high degree of graphitization and a predominated mesoporous structure.
The first quaternary diamond-like semiconductor with 10-membered LiS4rings exhibiting excellent nonlinear optical performances
Authors: Wu Kui , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: January 2017

New DLS–Li4HgGe2S7with novel 10-MR LiS4rings and excellent performances(concurrently large SHG coefficient and impressive LDT) is reported.
Polymers from sugars: cyclic monomer synthesis, ring-opening polymerisation, material properties and applications
Authors: Gregory Georgina L. , López-Vidal Eva M. , Buchard Antoine
Published: January 2017

This feature article gives an overview of sugar-based polymers that can be made by ring-opening-polymerisation and their applications.
Iodinated cyanine dyes: a new class of sensitisers for use in NIR activated photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Authors: Atchison Jordan , Kamila Sukanta , Nesbitt Heather , Logan Kieran A. , Nicholas Dean M , Fowley Colin , Davis James , Callan Bridgeen , McHale Anthony P , Callan John F
Published: January 2017

Iodinated cyanine dye 6a has been developed for use as a NIR excited photosensitiser in photodynamic therapy.
Acetic acid-promoted cascade N-acyliminium ion/aza-Prins cyclization: stereoselective synthesis of functionalized fused tricyclic piperidines
Authors: Sawant Rajiv T. , Stevens Marc Y. , Odell Luke R.
Published: January 2017

A simple, efficient and stereoselective synthesis of novel fused piperidine/3,4-dihydroquinazolinone scaffolds via an imine/cyclization/N-acyliminium ion/aza-Prins cascade reaction sequence is described.
moxDendra2: an inert photoswitchable protein for oxidizing environments
Authors: Kaberniuk Andrii A. , Morano Nicholas C. , Verkhusha Vladislav V. , Snapp Erik Lee
Published: January 2017

The authors describe the engineering of the first monomeric photoswitchable fluorescent protein for use in oxidizing cellular enviornments.
Selectively lighting up two-photon photodynamic activity in mitochondria with AIE-active iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Liu Jiangping , Jin Chengzhi , Yuan Bo , Liu Xingguo , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: January 2017

Three AIE-active Ir(iii) complexes that preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria of cancer cells through endocytosis were manifested in a lit up photodynamic activity in mitochondria with efficient lethality towards cancer cells and multicellular tumor spheroids under two-photon irradiation.
6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonizations for catalytic enantioselective chromenone synthesis
Authors: Neyyappadath Rifahath M. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: January 2017

The catalytic enantioselective 6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonization of enone-acid substrates to form cis-chromenones with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol was developed using the commercially available isothiourea tetramisole.
Structural metatransition of energetically tangled crystalline phases
Authors: Zhou Dan , Li Quan , Zheng Weitao , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng
Published: January 2017

Pressure induces structural metatransition in SnSe that involves the coexistence and changing mix of these nearly degenerate crystalline phases that are separated by low kinetic barriers.
Linear-scaling density functional simulations of the effect of crystallographic structure on the electronic and optical properties of fullerene solvates
Authors: Xue Hong-Tao , Boschetto Gabriele , Krompiec Michal , Morse Graham E. , Tang Fu-Ling , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: January 2017

Large-scale DFT calculations of fullerene solvates including one novel structure probe, the structural and electronic properties and optical absorption spectra.
Comparative study of the intermolecular dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with linear and branched alkyl chains: OHD-RIKES measurements
Authors: Xue Lianjie , Bardak Fehmi , Tamas George , Quitevis Edward L.
Published: January 2017

OHD-RIKES shows that the length and not the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group determines the intermolecular dynamics of ILs.
Nanobelt α-CuV2O6with hydrophilic mesoporous poly(ionic liquid): a binary catalyst for synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from fructose
Authors: Hou Wei , Wang Qian , Guo Zengjing , Li Jing , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun
Published: January 2017

The task-specific binary catalyst composed of nanobelt α-CuV2O6and hydrophilic mesoporous poly(ionic liquid) exhibited high efficiency and stable activity in the direct synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) from fructose.
An inorganic–organic hybrid crystal with a two-step dielectric response and thermochromic luminescence
Authors: Duan Hai-Bao , Yu Shan-Shan , Liu Shao-Xian , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2017

An iodoplumbate-based hybrid crystal [C2-Apy][PbI3] (1) (C2-Apy+ = 1-ethyl-4-aminopyridinium) was synthesized and characterized structurally.
A promising lead-free fluoride carbonate SHG material designed from a theoretical perspective
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Ma Zuju , Sa Rongjian , Zhang Yongfan , Wu Kechen
Published: January 2017

The structure–property relationships of a new lead-free fluoride carbonate SHG material were systematically studied using first-principles calculations.
Enhancement in catalytic proton reduction by an internal base in a diiron pentacarbonyl complex: its synthesis, characterisation, inter-conversion and electrochemical investigation
Authors: Li Zhimei , Xiao Zhiyin , Xu Fenfen , Zeng Xianghua , Liu Xiaoming
Published: January 2017

An internal base bound to one of the diiron undergoes dissociation under a CO atmosphere and the freed base group as a proton relay enhances the catalysis of proton reduction.
Scalable and continuous nanomaterial integration with transgenic fibers for enhanced photoluminescence
Authors: Leem Jung Woo , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Seong-Ryul , Kim Seong-Wan , Choi Kwang-Ho , Kim Young L.
Published: January 2017

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence of fluorescent (mKate2) silk embedded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as multifunctional photonic nanomaterials with flexibility and scalability.
Energetic compounds featuring bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole): a new family of insensitive energetic materials
Authors: Tian Jiawei , Xiong Hualin , Lin Qiuhan , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei
Published: January 2017

Energetic compounds featuring bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) with good detonation performances and acceptable sensitivities were synthesized.
Iterative direct C(sp3)–H functionalization of amines: diastereoselective divergent syntheses of α,α′-disubstituted alicyclic amines
Authors: Mahato Sujit , Jana Chandan K.
Published: January 2017

Facile access to thesyn-α,α′-disubstitutedN-heterocyclesviaiterative C–H oxygenation and C–C bond formation.
Indium triflate catalysed 3-aza-Cope rearrangement of amino acid derived α,β-unsaturated esters to alkylidene oxindoles
Authors: Kumar M. Srinivas Lavanya , Manna Sudipta Kumar , Maji Saroj , Panda Gautam
Published: January 2017

The first examples of amino acid derived α,β-unsaturated esters to Z-alkylidene oxindoles via 3-aza-Cope rearrangement using In(OTf)3 are reported.
Recent advances in reactions of aryl sulfonyl isocyanates
Authors: Huang Dayun , Yan Guobing
Published: January 2017

This review focuses on recent advances in the use of aryl sulfonyl isocyanates in organic synthesis, mainly including three special characteristics.
Surfactant-free RAFT emulsion polymerization using a novel biocompatible thermoresponsive polymer
Authors: Truong Nghia P. , Quinn John F. , Anastasaki Athina , Rolland Manon , Vu Mai N. , Haddleton David M. , Whittaker Michael R. , Davis Thomas P.
Published: January 2017

A facile, high-scale, and versatile technique to prepare biocompatible nanoparticles with tailorable properties from thermoresponsive macro-CTAs and macro-stabilizers.
5-Azadibenzo[a,g]corannulene
Authors: Tsefrikas V. M. , Greene A. K. , Scott L. T.
Published: January 2017

The first azacorannulene with a nitrogen on the rim, has been synthesized in seven steps from 4-bromoisoquinoline.
Selective thionation of naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene diimide: tuning of the optoelectronic properties and packing structure
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Nakano Masahiro , Takimiya Kazuo , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2017

Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene diimide was selectively thionated to afford the corresponding dicarboxy-dithiocarboxy diimide with a low-lying LUMO of −4.2 eV.
Performance of bimetallic PdRu catalysts supported on gamma alumina for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Jinli , Gao Kaige , Wang Suli , Li Wei , Han You
Published: January 2017

Addition of Ru to Pd/γ-Al2O3can improve the catalyst's activity and maintain the high selectivity for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation.
Quasi-reverse-emulsion-templated approach for a facile and sustainable environmental remediation for cadmium
Authors: Zha Ruhua , Shi Tuo , Zhang Zongwen , Xu Dongli , Jiang Tongwu , Zhang Min
Published: January 2017

Highly efficient and sustainable decontamination of heavy metal ions is achieved by nanostructured hierarchical hollow α-Fe2O3 chestnut buds and nests.
Molecular design of advanced lubricant base fluids: hydrocarbon-mimicking ionic liquids
Authors: Nyberg Erik , Respatiningsih Catur Y. , Minami Ichiro
Published: January 2017

Hydrocarbon-mimicking ionic liquids were designed and evaluated as synthetic lubricants, aiming for mild reactivity and compatibility with existing additives.
Reply to the ‘Comments on “Dental lessons from past to present: ultrastructure and composition of teeth from plesiosaurs, dinosaurs, extinct and recent sharks”’ by H. Botella et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 74384–74388
Authors: Luebke A. , Loza K. , Patnaik R. , Enax J. , Raabe D. , Prymak O. , Fabritius H.-O. , Gaengler P. , Epple M.
Published: January 2017

The structure and composition of 13 fossilized tooth and bone samples aged between 3 and 70 million years were analysed.
Optimizing photovoltaic performance in CuInS2 and CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by using an agar-based gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Raphael E. , Jara D. H. , Schiavon M. A.
Published: January 2017

Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) offer new opportunities to address the clean energy challenge, being one of the top candidates for third generation photovoltaics.
Phthalocyanine incorporated alginate hydrogel with near infrared fluorescence for non-invasive imaging monitoring in vivo
Authors: Liang Jie , Dong Xia , Wei Chang , Kong Deling , Liu Tianjun , Lv Feng
Published: January 2017

A phthalocyanine incorporated alginate hydrogel with rhodamine was monitored by fluorescence imaging as a dual fluorescent drug delivery system.
A smart ZnO@polydopamine-nucleic acid nanosystem for ultrasensitive live cell mRNA imaging by the target-triggered intracellular self-assembly of active DNAzyme nanostructures
Authors: He Dinggeng , He Xing , Yang Xue , Li Hung-Wing
Published: January 2017

We have developed a smart ZnO@PDA-hpDNAs nanosystem carrying four functional hpDNA strands that can realize the target-triggered self-assembly of wire-shaped active DNAzyme nanostructures via HCR in live cells.
Intramolecular water-splitting reaction in single collisions of water ions with surfaces
Authors: Yao Yunxi , Giapis Konstantinos P.
Published: January 2017

Direct water splitting into molecular hydrogen and atomic oxygen is demonstrated through single collisions of water ions with generic surfaces at hyperthermal energies.
The protecting-group free selective 3′-functionalization of nucleosides
Authors: McCabe Dunn Jamie M. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Sherer Edward C. , Orr Robert K. , Ruck Rebecca T. , Simmons Bryon , Bellomo Ana
Published: January 2017

The direct and chemoselective 3′-phosphoramidation, phosphorylation and acylation of nucleosides are described.
A rational pre-catalyst design for bis-phosphine mono-oxide palladium catalyzed reactions
Authors: Ji Yining , Li Hongming , Hyde Alan M. , Chen Qinghao , Belyk Kevin M. , Lexa Katrina W. , Yin Jingjun , Sherer Edward C. , Williamson R. Thomas , Brunskill Andrew , Ren Sumei , Campeau Louis-Charles , Davies Ian W. , Ruck Rebecca T.
Published: January 2017

Detailed mechanistic studies of a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric C–N coupling led to a rational design of a new series of bis-phosphine mono-oxides ligated Pd(ii) pre-catalysts that allow for reliable and complete catalyst activation.
Organic flexible thermoelectric generators: from modeling, a roadmap towards applications
Authors: Beretta D. , Perego A. , Lanzani G. , Caironi M.
Published: January 2017

Organic thermoelectrics are emerging as strong candidates for micro energy harvesting devices to power low energy electronics and serve as sustainable distributed energy supplies. Here their actual potential is assessed with respect to different applications scenarios, such as wearables and sensors networks, providing useful guidelines for their future development.
Concepts for soft interfaces
Authors: Sigel Reinhard
Published: January 2017

The transfer of soft matter concepts from bulk to interfaces opens a route to design interfaces which respond strongly to external fields.
Direct demonstration of lipid phosphorylation in the lipid bilayer of the biomimetic bicontinuous cubic phase using the confined enzyme lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase
Authors: van ’t Hag Leonie , Anandan Anandhi , Seabrook Shane A. , Gras Sally L. , Drummond Calum J. , Vrielink Alice , Conn Charlotte E.
Published: January 2017

Activity of large hydrophilic domain amphiphilic enzymes in lipid self-assembly materials is crucial for drug delivery, crystallization and biosensing applications.
Rapid preparation of InxCo4Sb12 with a record-breaking ZT = 1.5: the role of the In overfilling fraction limit and Sb overstoichiometry
Authors: Khovaylo V. V. , Korolkov T. A. , Voronin A. I. , Gorshenkov M. V. , Burkov A. T.
Published: January 2017

Samples of indium-filled InxCo4Sb12 skutterudite with ZT ∼ 1.5 were successfully synthesized by conventional induction melting without the use of evacuated quartz ampoules.
Nanomanufacturing of high-performance hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes by coating uniform block polymer films from solution
Authors: Zhang Yizhou , Mulvenna Ryan A. , Boudouris Bryan W. , Phillip William A.
Published: January 2017

Block polymer membranes in the hollow fiber geometry were fabricated by combining the dip-coating archetype with the self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation method.
Decomposition mechanisms in metal borohydrides and their ammoniates
Authors: Welchman Evan , Thonhauser Timo
Published: January 2017

We find that ammoniation in metal borohydrides (MBs) with the form M(BH4)xthermodynamically destabilizes those with M of low electronegativity (χp≤ 1.6), but kinetically stabilizes high-χpMBs (χp≥ 1.6).
A 2D porous Fe2O3/graphitic-C3N4/graphene ternary nanocomposite with multifunctions of catalytic hydrogenation, chromium(vi) adsorption and detoxification
Authors: Zhuang Yu-Ting , Zhu Ting-Ting , Ruan Man , Yu Yong-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: January 2017

A 2D porous Fe2O3/graphitic-C3N4/graphene ternary nanocomposite with multifunctions of catalytic hydrogenation, chromium(vi) adsorption and detoxification is reported.
Uncertainty of oxygen content in highly nonstoichiometric oxides from neutron diffraction data: example of perovskite-type Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ
Authors: Yaremchenko Aleksey A. , Khalyavin Dmitry D. , Patrakeev Mikhail V.
Published: January 2017

Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction data yields overestimated oxygen deficiency compared to traditional methods due to strong diffuse scattering.
3D graphene network encapsulating SnO2hollow spheres as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hu Xiang , Zeng Guang , Chen Junxiang , Lu Canzhong , Wen Zhenhai
Published: January 2017

H-SnO2@rGO with interconnected graphene encapsulating interior hollow SnO2nanospheres is designed and fabricated, which shows outstanding lithium storage properties.
Nanostructure-induced colored TiO2 array photoelectrodes with full solar spectrum harvesting
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Zhou Wei , Song Jiakun , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui , Guo Lin , Song Guofeng , Huang Chin-Pao
Published: January 2017

Wedge-shaped colored TiO2 nanoarrays grown on Ti foam have been synthesized with full solar spectrum harvesting.
Preparation of hierarchical C@MoS2@C sandwiched hollow spheres for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhenyou , Ottmann Alexander , Zhang Ting , Sun Qing , Meyer Hans-Peter , Vaynzof Yana , Xiang Junhui , Klingeler Rüdiger
Published: January 2017

Hierarchical C@MoS2@C hollow spheres with active MoS2 nanosheets being sandwiched by carbon layers have been produced using a modified template method.
Direct growth of ternary Ni–Fe–P porous nanorods onto nickel foam as a highly active, robust bi-functional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Ahn Sung Hoon , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: January 2017

Porous ternary Ni–Fe phosphide nanorods directly grown onto commercial nickel foam exhibit high catalytic activities toward both HER and OER in 1 M KOH alkaline solution.
Superior resistive switching memory and biological synapse properties based on a simple TiN/SiO2/p-Si tunneling junction structure
Authors: Yan Xiaobing , Zhou Zhenyu , Ding Bangfu , Zhao Jianhui , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: January 2017

In this study, a simple TiN/SiO2/p-Si tunneling junction structure was fabricated via thermal oxidation growth on a Si substrate annealed at 600 °C.
Highly flexible inverted-quantum-dot light-emitting diodes on elastic polyurethane substrates
Authors: Kim Hong Hee , Shim Jae Won , You Young-Jun , Lee Yeon Ju , Park Cheolmin , Hwang Do Kyung , Choi Won Kook
Published: January 2017

Highly flexible inverted QDLEDs are fabricated using elastic PU substrates, which stuck on the curved surfaces still operate well without any serious degradation.
Development of quinoxaline based polymers for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Yuan Jun , Ouyang Jianyong , Cimrová Věra , Leclerc Mario , Najari Ahmed , Zou Yingping
Published: January 2017

An overview of quinoxaline (Qx) based organic semiconducting materials, and their unique building blocks for photovoltaic applications, has been provided.
Reversible ultralow-voltage liquid–liquid electrowetting without a dielectric layer
Authors: Cousens Nico E. A. , Kucernak Anthony R. J.
Published: January 2017

Electrowetting-on-dielectric devices typically have operating voltages of 10–20 V. A reduction in the operating voltage could greatly reduce the energy consumption of these devices. Herein, fully reversible one-electrolyte electrowetting of a droplet on a solid metal surface is reported for the first time. A reversible change of 29° for an 800 mV step is achieved. The effects of surface roughness, electrolyte composition, electrolyte concentration and droplet composition are investigated. It was found that there is a dramatic dependence of the reversibility and hysteresis of the system on these parameters, contrary to theoretical predictions. When a 3-chloro-1-propanol droplet is used, a system with no hysteresis and a 40° change in angle are obtained.
Morphological identification and DNA barcoding used for diet analysis of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in its expanding northerly range
Authors: Avignon S. , Tastard E. , Weston S. , Duhamel G. , Denis F.
Published: January 2017

The gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, is common in the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coasts of Portugal, Spain and France. Abundance of S. aurata has recently increased along the Brittany coast, showing good adaptation and acclimatisation to northern waters away from its original distribution range. The physiological adaptations (diet, reproduction, growth) of this fish to colder water could even lead to its colonisation of the English Channel. The ability to eat and digest hard prey makes this fish an important consumer of bivalves. The aim of this study was to make a preliminary evaluation of the diet of the gilthead seabream in its northern range of distribution. Prey items from stomach contents of wild adults from various sites along the East Atlantic coast of France to the English Channel were identified morphologically when it was possible, e.g. in presence of decapod appendices, shells of bivalves, or using DNA barcoding. Diet composition was analysed against sites, fish length and month of sampling using the frequency of occurrence (%F) and weight relative proportion (%W). Results showed that the diet of S. aurata was mainly composed of bivalves, malacostracans and gastropods with a huge dominance of Mytilus sp. (%F = 51.5 and %W = 40.2). This first diet analysis of individuals from the northern range of the species distribution showed its ability, as an opportunistic feeder, to find prey in newly colonised ecosystems and its preference for some organisms, especially mussels.
Microphase separation in random multiblock copolymers
Authors: Govorun E. N. , Chertovich A. V.
Published: January 2017

Microphase separation in random multiblock copolymers is studied with the mean-field theory assuming that long blocks of a copolymer are strongly segregated, whereas short blocks are able to penetrate into “alien” domains and exchange between the domains and interfacial layer. A bidisperse copolymer with blocks of only two sizes (long and short) is considered as a model of multiblock copolymers with high polydispersity in the block size. Short blocks of the copolymer play an important role in the microphase separation. First, their penetration into the “alien” domains leads to the formation of joint long blocks in their own domains. Second, short blocks localized at the interface considerably change the interfacial tension. The possibility of penetration of short blocks into the “alien” domains is controlled by the product χNsh (χ is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and Nsh is the short block length). At not very large χNsh, the domain size is larger than that for a regular copolymer consisting of the same long blocks as in the considered random copolymer. At a fixed mean block size, the domain size grows with an increase in the block size dispersity, the rate of the growth being dependent of the more detailed parameters of the block size distribution.
Inversion in the In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor system: Impact of the In0.53Ga0.47As doping concentration
Authors: O'Connor É. , Cherkaoui K. , Monaghan S. , Sheehan B. , Povey I. M. , Hurley P. K.
Published: January 2017

In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with an Al2O3 gate oxide and a range of n and p-type In0.53Ga0.47As epitaxial concentrations were examined. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage characterization exhibited minority carrier responses consistent with surface inversion. The measured minimum capacitance at high frequency (1 MHz) was in excellent agreement with the theoretical minimum capacitance calculated assuming an inverted surface. Minority carrier generation lifetimes, τg, extracted from experimentally measured transition frequencies, ωm, using physics based a.c. simulations, demonstrated a reduction in τg with increasing epitaxial doping concentration. The frequency scaled conductance, G/ω, in strong inversion allowed the estimation of accurate Cox values for these MOS devices.
A high signal-to-noise ratio passive near-field microscope equipped with a helium-free cryostat
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Komiyama Susumu , Kim Sunmi , Kawamura Ken-ichi , Kajihara Yusuke
Published: January 2017

We have developed a passive long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) installed in a helium-free mechanically cooled cryostat, which facilitates cooling of an LWIR detector and optical elements to 4.5 K. To reduce mechanical vibration propagation from a compressor unit, we have introduced a metal bellows damper and a helium gas damper. These dampers ensure the performance of the s-SNOM to be free from mechanical vibration. Furthermore, we have introduced a solid immersion lens to improve the confocal microscope performance. To demonstrate the passive s-SNOM capability, we measured thermally excited surface evanescent waves on Au/SiO2 gratings. A near-field signal-to-noise ratio is 4.5 times the improvement with an acquisition time of 1 s/pixel. These improvements have made the passive s-SNOM a more convenient and higher-performance experimental tool with a higher signal-to-noise ratio for a shorter acquisition time of 0.1 s.
Spatiotemporal chaos involving wave instability
Authors: Berenstein Igal , Carballido-Landeira Jorge
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we investigate pattern formation in a model of a reaction confined in a microemulsion, in a regime where both Turing and wave instability occur. In one-dimensional systems, the pattern corresponds to spatiotemporal intermittency where the behavior of the systems alternates in both time and space between stationary Turing patterns and traveling waves. In two-dimensional systems, the behavior initially may correspond to Turing patterns, which then turn into wave patterns. The resulting pattern also corresponds to a chaotic state, where the system alternates in both space and time between standing wave patterns and traveling waves, and the local dynamics may show vanishing amplitude of the variables.
Thickness dependent thermal conductivity of gallium nitride
Authors: Ziade Elbara , Yang Jia , Brummer Gordie , Nothern Denis , Moustakas Theodore , Schmidt Aaron J.
Published: January 2017

As the size of gallium nitride (GaN) transistors is reduced in order to reach higher operating frequencies, heat dissipation becomes the critical bottleneck in device performance and longevity. Despite the importance of characterizing the physics governing the thermal transport in thin GaN films, the literature is far from conclusive. In this letter, we report measurements of thermal conductivity in a GaN film with thickness ranging from 15–1000 nm grown on 4H-SiC without a transition layer. Additionally, we measure the thermal conductivity in the GaN film when it is 1 μm-thick in the temperature range of 300 < T< 600 K and use a phonon transport model to explain the thermal conductivity in this film.
Shock compression and release of a-axis magnesium single crystals: Anisotropy and time dependent inelastic response
Authors: Renganathan P. , Winey J. M. , Gupta Y. M.
Published: January 2017

To gain insight into inelastic deformation mechanisms for shocked hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals, particularly the role of crystal anisotropy, magnesium (Mg) single crystals were subjected to shock compression and release along the a-axis to 3.0 and 4.8 GPa elastic impact stresses. Wave profiles measured at several thicknesses, using laser interferometry, show a sharply peaked elastic wave followed by the plastic wave. Additionally, a smooth and featureless release wave is observed following peak compression. When compared with wave profiles measured previously for c-axis Mg [Winey et al., J. Appl. Phys. 117, 105903 (2015)], the elastic wave amplitudes for a-axis Mg are lower for the same propagation distance, and less attenuation of elastic wave amplitude is observed for a given peak stress. The featureless release wave for a-axis Mg is in marked contrast to the structured features observed for c-axis unloading. Numerical simulations, using a time-dependent anisotropic modeling framework, showed that the wave profiles calculated using prismatic slip or (101¯2) twinning, individually, do not match the measured compression profiles for a-axis Mg. However, a combination of slip and twinning provides a good overall match to the measured compression profiles. In contrast to compression, prismatic slip alone provides a reasonable match to the measured release wave profiles; (101¯2) twinning due to its uni-directionality is not activated during release. The experimental results and wave profile simulations for a-axis Mg presented here are quite different from the previously published c-axis results, demonstrating the important role of crystal anisotropy in the time-dependent inelastic deformation of Mg single crystals under shock compression and release.
Correlation between temperature dependence of Raman shifts and in-plane strains in an AlGaN/GaN stack
Authors: Kosemura Daisuke , Sodan Vice , De Wolf Ingrid
Published: January 2017

The temperature dependence of Raman shifts for different layers and different optical phonon modes in an AlGaN/GaN stack was examined in this study. The slopes of the Raman shifts as a function of temperature for the GaN and AlxGaN layers were found to vary, especially for the E2 high mode compared with that for the A1 (LO) mode. To further investigate these fluctuations in the temperature dependence of Raman shifts, a detailed evaluation was conducted for the depth distribution of in-plane strains in the AlGaN/GaN stack by detecting each of the layers simultaneously in a single Raman spectrum. The temperature dependence fluctuations for the E2 high modes of the AlxGaN layers are considered to be related to the in-plane strain distribution with depth.
Fabrication of tensile-strained single-crystalline GeSn on transparent substrate by nucleation-controlled liquid-phase crystallization
Authors: Oka Hiroshi , Amamoto Takashi , Koyama Masahiro , Imai Yasuhiko , Kimura Shigeru , Hosoi Takuji , Shimura Takayoshi , Watanabe Heiji
Published: January 2017

We developed a method of forming single-crystalline germanium-tin (GeSn) alloy on transparent substrates that is based on liquid-phase crystallization. By controlling and designing nucleation during the melting growth process, a highly tensile-strained single-crystalline GeSn layer was grown on a quartz substrate without using any crystal-seeds or catalysts. The peak field-effect hole mobility of 423 cm2/V s was obtained for a top-gate single-crystalline GeSn MOSFET on a quartz substrate with a Sn content of 2.6%, indicating excellent crystal quality and mobility enhancement due to Sn incorporation and tensile strain.
Real-time brain activity measurement and signal processing system using highly sensitive MI sensor
Authors: Wang Kewang , Cai Changmei , Yamamoto Michiharu , Uchiyama Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2017

Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) are the most used sensor to detect the extremely weak magnetic field of brain. However, the sensor heads need to be kept at very low temperature to maintain superconductivity, and that makes the devices large-scale and inconvenient. In order to measure brain activity in normal environment, we had constructed a measurement system based on highly sensitive Magneto-Impedance (MI) sensor, and reported the study of measuring Auditory Evoked Field (AEF) brain waves. In this study, the system was improved, and the sensor signals can be processed in real-time to monitor brain activity. We use this system to measure the alpha rhythm in the occipital region and the Event-Related Field (ERF) P300 in the frontal, the parietal and both the temporal regions.
Generation of planar blast waves using carbon nanotubes-poly-dimethylsiloxane optoacoustic transducer
Authors: Moon C. , Fan X. , Ha K. , Kim D.
Published: January 2017

We have generated planar blast waves over the large area using carbon nanotubes(CNT)-poly-dimethylsiloxane(PDMS) optoacoustic transducer. Pulse laser is absorbed by CNT and converted to heat, and the heat is transferred to PDMS inducing its thermal expansion and blast wave generation. To theoretically describe the planar blast wave generation, we build one-dimensional simulation model and find analytical solutions for temperature and pressure distributions. The analytical solution validated by the experimental data sheds light on how to improve the performance of the new transducer. Resonance of acoustic waves inside the transducer is also discussed. The new optoacoustic transducer optimized based on the fundamental understandings will be useful in generating high quality blast waves for research and industrial applications.
An isolated population of the southern scrub-robin (Drymodes brunneopygia) in the Great Victoria Desert
Authors: Turpin J. M. , Johnstone R. E.
Published: January 2017

From 2013 to 2015 we recorded an isolated, highly fragmented and previously undocumented population of the southern scrub-robin within the arid shrublands of the Great Victoria Desert. In this region, the southern scrub-robin persists in scattered and intermittent areas of long-unburnt mulga (Acacia spp.) shrubland, with a dense shrubby understorey dominated by Aluta maisonneuvei and Eremophila shrubs. The Great Victoria Desert supports the only known desert population as the southern scrub-robin otherwise occurs in the temperate and semiarid shrublands of southern Australia and occurs in the desert at the arid extreme of its range. Fire is highlighted as a significant threatening process due to the species’ restricted occurrence (less than 5% of the landscape in the region), low reproductive rate, limited dispersal capability and persistence within long-unburnt and fire-sensitive habitats. As forecast environmental changes are likely to render the arid extremes of the species’ range unsuitable, this outlying, desert population is potentially declining and of conservation significance.
Large
14
C excursion in 5480 BC indicates an abnormal sun in the mid-Holocene
Authors: Miyake Fusa , Jull A. J. Timothy , Panyushkina Irina P. , Wacker Lukas , Salzer Matthew , Baisan Christopher H. , Lange Todd , Cruz Richard , Masuda Kimiaki , Nakamura Toshio
Published: January 2017

Significance

Carbon-14 contents in tree rings tell us information of the past cosmic ray intensities because cosmic rays produce
14
C in the atmosphere. We found a signature of a quite large increase of incoming cosmic ray intensity in the mid-Holocene (the 5480 BC event) from the measurement of
14
C content in North American tree rings. The cause of this event is supposed to be an extremely weak sun, or a combination of successive strong solar bursts and variation of a solar magnetic activity. In any case,
14
C variation of the 5480 BC event is extraordinary in the Holocene, and this event indicates the abnormal solar activity compared with other periods.
Amino-terminal domains of kainate receptors determine the differential dependence on Neto auxiliary subunits for trafficking
Authors: Sheng Nengyin , Shi Yun Stone , Nicoll Roger A.
Published: January 2017

Significance

The kainate receptor (KAR) is a subfamily of glutamate receptors that mediates excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. GluK1 and GluK2 are two obligatory KAR subunits and their trafficking properties are quite different; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains a mystery. Here we show that GluK2 receptor trafficking is independent on Neto auxiliary subunits, whereas the regulation of its biophysical properties by Neto proteins is the same as that of GluK1. Moreover, we show that it is the amino-terminal domains (ATDs) of GluK1 and GluK2 that determine their distinct trafficking performance and mediate their different dependence on Neto proteins for trafficking.
TALE-induced bHLH transcription factors that activate a pectate lyase contribute to water soaking in bacterial spot of tomato
Authors: Schwartz Allison R. , Morbitzer Robert , Lahaye Thomas , Staskawicz Brian J.
Published: January 2017

Significance

AvrHah1 [avirulence (avr) gene homologous to avrBs3 and hax2, no. 1] is a transcription activator-like (TAL) effector (TALE) in
Xanthomonas gardneri
that enhances water soaking in its known hosts tomato, pepper, and
Nicotiana benthamiana
. We observe that the water soaking conferred by AvrHah1 is due to the movement of water into the infected apoplast from a wet environment. RNA sequencing identified two basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors that we confirmed as targets of AvrHah1. We discovered that a pectate lyase was upregulated by both of the bHLH transcription factors. Designer TALEs (dTALEs) for both bHLH transcription factors and the pectate lyase complemented the water-soaking phenotype of
X. gardneriΔavrHah1
. This report demonstrates virulence activity from an indirect TALE target.
Antibody-secreting plasma cells persist for decades in human intestine
Authors: Landsverk Ole J.B. , Snir Omri , Casado Raquel Bartolomé , Richter Lisa , Mold Jeff E. , Réu Pedro , Horneland Rune , Paulsen Vemund , Yaqub Sheraz , Aandahl Einar Martin , Øyen Ole M. , Thorarensen Hildur Sif , Salehpour Mehran , Possnert Göran , Frisén Jonas , Sollid Ludvig M. , Baekkevold Espen S. , Jahnsen Frode L.
Published: January 2017

Plasma cells (PCs) produce antibodies that mediate immunity after infection or vaccination. In contrast to PCs in the bone marrow, PCs in the gut have been considered short lived. In this study, we studied PC dynamics in the human small intestine by cell-turnover analysis in organ transplants and by retrospective cell birth dating measuring carbon-14 in genomic DNA. We identified three distinct PC subsets: a CD19+ PC subset was dynamically exchanged, whereas of two CD19− PC subsets, CD45+ PCs exhibited little and CD45− PCs no replacement and had a median age of 11 and 22 yr, respectively. Accumulation of CD45− PCs during ageing and the presence of rotavirus-specific clones entirely within the CD19− PC subsets support selection and maintenance of protective PCs for life in human intestine.
A Zip3-like protein plays a role in crossover formation in the SC-less meiosis of the protistTetrahymena
Authors: Shodhan Anura , Kataoka Kensuke , Mochizuki Kazufumi , Novatchkova Maria , Loidl Josef
Published: January 2017

When programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) undergo recombinational repair, genetic crossovers (COs) may be formed. A certain level of this is required for the faithful segregation of chromosomes, but the majority of DSBs are processed toward a safer alternative, namely noncrossovers (NCOs), via nonreciprocal DNA exchange. At the crossroads between these two DSB fates is the Msh4-Msh5 (MutSγ) complex, which stabilizes CO-destined recombination intermediates and members of the Zip3/RNF212 family of RING finger proteins, which in turn stabilize MutSγ. These proteins function in the context of the synaptonemal complex (SC) and mainly act on SC-dependent COs. Here we show that in the SC-less ciliate Tetrahymena, Zhp3 (a protein distantly related to Zip3/RNF212), together with MutSγ, is responsible for the majority of COs. This activity of Zhp3 suggests an evolutionarily conserved SC-independent strategy for balancing CO:NCO ratios. Moreover, we report a novel meiosis-specific protein, Sa15, as an interacting partner of Zhp3. Sa15 forms linear structures in meiotic prophase nuclei to which Zhp3 localizes. Sa15 is required for a wild-type level of CO formation. Its linear organization suggests the existence of an underlying chromosomal axis that serves as a scaffold for Zhp3 and other recombination proteins.
Radical Nativism
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka
Published: January 2017

This chapter examines pauper removal in a time of radical nativism, focusing on the anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant Know-Nothing movement during the mid-1850s. Know-Nothingism raised social forces for immigration restriction to their zenith. In New York, immigrants’ voting power curbed the influence of nativism on state policy. Nevertheless, the radical nativist atmosphere drove anti-immigrant local officials to act on their own judgment, banishing foreign paupers abroad, even though no state law allowed for deportation. In Massachusetts, where the Know-Nothings dominated the state government, officials implemented deportation policy mercilessly and sometimes illegally. People unlawfully deported to Europe included American citizens of Irish descent. The deportation of citizens illuminates the disparity between Irish American paupers’ legal status as citizens and their practical treatment as aliens in the pre–Civil War era, when American citizenship lacked national definition and rights later taken for granted had yet to be formulated, let alone guaranteed.
Conclusion
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka
Published: January 2017

The Conclusion begins by arguing that the history of immigration control in the United States up to the 1880s is a story of American state development. It demonstrates how governmental policy for regulating membership in American society evolved from the local, to the state, and eventually to the national levels under the influence of anti-Irish nativism. Far from simply a temporary regional hysteria in the antebellum period or a matter of cultural stereotyping, anti-Irish nativism in New York and Massachusetts produced lasting, tangible consequences in American immigration law. Landing stations established after the 1880s and run under federal supervision, such as Ellis Island and Angel Island, have now come to symbolize the tradition of immigration control in the United States. Yet Atlantic seaboard states’ earlier efforts to reduce foreign pauperism reveal that restriction was an integral part of the American immigration experience long before the building of these gateways to America.
(Re)circulating popular television
Authors: Bednarek Monika
Published: January 2017

This chapter examines processes whereby both international media conglomerates and transnational fans (re)circulate television series, whether for commercial gain or the negotiation of identity and community membership. The chapter discusses four key processes of (re)circulation, (1) (re)circulation of the narrative, (2) (re)circulation of the dialogue, (3) (re)circulation of the production, and (4) performative (re)circulation, illustrating them with examples drawn mainly from The Big Bang Theory. It argues that such processes can be associated with different styles of fandom, and that there are both similarities and differences between T-shirt texts and social media texts, for instance in terms of their potential for style and styling.
The meaning of manner
Authors: van Leeuwen Theo
Published: January 2017

This chapter discusses how some key aspects of the intonation and rhythm of news reading, such as patterns of stress, phrasing, the relative prominence of stressed syllables and the pitch direction of phrase-final syllables, express news values such as urgency, factuality, impartiality, and authority. The chapter argues that these aspects of news reading have changed very little during the past 30 years, but that they have influenced a global style of public announcements. All the same, some influence of the vocal style of advertising on news reading can be discerned, and public announcements may now be customized by being overlaid with representations of dialects and accents. The chapter concludes that vocal style research should consider both continuity and change, and look for the specific factors that drive change rather than treat it as some kind of natural process.
Vagueness and linguistic analysis
Authors: Burnett Heather
Published: January 2017

This chapter serves as an introduction to one of the main empirical phenomena to be analyzed in the monograph and the formal tools that will be used in the analysis. In the first part, the empirical phenomenon known as vagueness in the linguistics and philosophical literatures is presented, and it is outlined why this phenomenon appears so threatening to our classical semantic theories in logic and linguistics. In the second part, there is a basic account of the puzzling properties of vague language that will be adopted in this work: Cobreros et al.’s (2012) Tolerant, Classical, Strict (TCS) similarity-based non-classical logical framework. A comparison between TCS and Lasersohn’s (1999) Pragmatic Halos framework is presented, and it is argued that, while the TCS analysis (as applied to the interpretation of English) is empirically superior, they share many of the same driving intuitions.
Context sensitivity and vagueness patterns
Authors: Burnett Heather
Published: January 2017

This chapter presents the main empirical patterns associated with adjectival context sensitivity and vagueness. The book argue that the different scale structure classes of adjectives vary with respect to comparison class-based context sensitivity. It is argued that to properly understand this variation, it is useful to adopt two patterns of comparison class-based context sensitivity: universal context sensitivity and existential context sensitivity. The book argues that three of the four scale structure subclasses can be distinguished based on their context sensitivity: relative adjectives are universally context sensitive, both partial and total adjectives are existentially context sensitive, and non-scalars are not context sensitive. This chapter also motivates an empirical connection between vagueness and the scale structure classes. It is shown that the distribution of the puzzling properties of vague language is tied to these lexical class distinctions, and proposed that the observed dependencies argue in favor of a closer relationship between the phenomena of vagueness and scale structure than is often assumed.
The universality theorem
Authors: Gurau Razvan
Published: January 2017

This chapter initiates the study of random tensors and presents a universality theorem. It first introduces the Gaussian distribution for random tensors and then proceeds to the study of general trace invariant measures. It is shown that, assuming that the cumulants scale uniformly with N, a nontrivial large N limit exists only if the cumulants are properly uniformly bounded. It is furthermore shown that a trace invariant probability measure whose cumulants are properly uniformly bounded becomes Gaussian in the large N limit. In order to escape the Gaussian behavior one must consider distributions whose cumulants do not obey a uniform scaling bound, but which still admit a large N limit.