bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Wheat Straw MCC
Authors: Li Jin Bao , Zhang Mei Yun , Xiu Hui Juan , Zhang Yun
Published: May 2011

During the wet PU, PVC synthetic production, MCC could be served as a good micropore and thickening agents, and could obviously enhance the feel and elasticity of synthetic leather, but cotton pulp and wood pulp resources, which were used as raw material commonly to produce MCC for synthetic leather, was limited. In this paper, MCC was prepared with wheat straw pulp through the dilute acid hydrolysis, alkali treatment, enzyme treatment, drying and crushing. This paper focused on the effect of conditions of acid hydrolysis on performance of MCC, and the optimization of process parameters. The morphology, size, crystallinity and thermostability of MCC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, TGA spectrograph. Wheat Straw MCC could meet the requirements of synthetic leather industry standards for MCC.
Study of Sphere NC Sheet Metal Incremental Forming
Authors: Zhou Liu Ru
Published: May 2011

The principle of NC incremental sheet metal forming as well as the process planning, experiment of sphere forming are presented. Because the deformation of sheet metal only occurs around the tool head and the deformed region is subjected to shear deformation and thins, and surface area increases. Sheet metal forming stepwise is to lead to the whole sheet metal deformation. According to sine law, a sphere can’t be formed by NC incremental sheet metal forming process in a single process, rather, it must be formed in multi processes. Thus, the two time path process method is presented to form the sphere, and the experiment is made to verify it. A sphere can be formed from a sheet metal in NC incremental forming process by choosing appropriate tool-path planning. The fracture in the forming component can be avoided by these methods. A sphere of uniform wall-thickness can be formed from the truncated cone by NC incremental forming process.
Investigation of Physico-Chemical Properties and Microstructure of HA/316L Asymmetrical Functionally Gradient Biomaterial
Authors: Zou Jian Peng
Published: May 2011

By using of hot pressing(HP) technique, HA/316L powder asymmetrical functionally gradient biomaterial (FGM) with 316L’s content changing as 100vol%→80vol%→60vol%→40vol%→20vol%→0vol% was prepared successfully. The results show obvious macroscopic gradient changes in the FGM. While the components change continuously in microcosmic, the interfaces among all gradient layers integrate tightly. The addition of 316L powder changes the fracture modes of the composites and improves their mechanical properties. HA contents in HA/316L biological FGM change regularly with different gradient layer, which is responding to the components design. Combining circumstance of phase interface is considerably well and both phase bite into each other at the interface. The two phases of HA and 316L powder dissolve into each other in some degree during hot pressing and the combining mechanism is dissolving behavior.
Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Nickel Ferrite Synthesized by Carbon-Adsorb Auto Combustion Method
Authors: Chen Ying Shan , Feng Wang Jun , Li Cui Huan , Li Rui Shan , Fan Rui , Yang Hua
Published: May 2011

Nanocrystalline nickel ferrite has been successfully synthesized through carbon-adsorb auto combustion method from Ni and Fe nitrate salts. The powders were characterized by X-raydiffraction(XRD) techniques,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM). XRD indicated that the products were spinel NiFe2O4. SEM and TEM indicated that the particles were spherical with particle size in the range 10-80nm. VSM showed that the sample exhibited typical ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature,while the coercivity of the sample was 150.45Oe and the residual magnetization of the sample was 5.1emu/g.The saturation magnetization of the sample(25.3emu/g)was lower than that for the reported bulk particles(55emu/g), and it has the ultrafine nature.
The Properties of OMMT-PAN-Binary of Fatty Acids Blends as Phase Change Materials
Authors: Guo Jing , Xiang Heng Xue , Hu Cheng Nv
Published: May 2011

Using stearic acid-lauric acid binary of fatty acid as phase change material, waste polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN) as supporting material, organic montmorillonite (OMMT) as modifier, and N, N-dimethylformamide as solvent, OMMT-PAN-binary fatty acid composite phase change materials(PCM) is prepared by solution blending. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) study the structure and properties of PCM, the optimized preparation techniques of PCM obtained by orthogonal tests. SEM results showed that the PCM was homogeneous structure, binary of fatty acid dispersed in the continuous phase PAN; TGA results indicated that the degradation of the phase change material can be divided into three steps; DSC results showed that the crystallization enthalpy of PCM reached 143.27 J/g, the phase change temperature was around 23°C, and the DSC thermal circulation showed good thermal stability of the PCM; cooling curve showed that the PCM had good heat insulation properties, holding time reached 800s, and after repeated thermal circulation, heat insulation properties remained the same.
A New Schiff’s Base Fluorescent Sensor for the Selective Detection of Mercury Ion
Authors: Wang Xue Mei , Yan Hua , Chen Yong , Bao He Bin
Published: May 2011

A new Hg2+-sensing and selective fluorescent sensor, 1-(1-pyrenecarboxaldehyd e)-thiocarbohydrazone, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. Its fluorescence and recognition properties to the mercury ion were studied by the fluorescence emission spectra. With adding mercury ion into solution, the fluorescence emission intensities at different characteristic wavelength changed continually. Hence the ratiometric fluorescence measurement was used for detecting the complex process. It was found that a 1:1 stoichiometry complex is formed between the mercury ion and the compound with the association constants were 2.04×105 L/mol, respectively. And the detection limits of the mercury ion were 2.52×10-8 mol/L.
Stress and System Energy in Erosion Process for Brittle Materials
Authors: Lian Xiao Qing , Feng Xiu Mei , Jiang Ming Xue
Published: May 2011

Erosion tests on high strengh refractory castables were carried out using SiC grains at impact angles of 30°,45°,60°,and 90° with the velocity of 5m/s.In order to study the variation in stress and system energy with impact angles during solid particle erosion process,a single particle erosion model was designed by means of three-dimensional explicit dynamic software ANSYS/LS-DYNA according to experiment parameters. The Johnson-Holmquist brittle ceramic model was employed to model the failure of target material. The impact angles varied from 15° to 90° in increments of 15°.The simulation results were compared with erosion rate values from experiments. The results show that the variation trends of both the maximum stress of targets and system total energy loss are in a good agreement with experiment data,which increaes with increasing impact angle. The variation of erosion rate as a function of impact angle can be explained by the variation of the maximum stress of target material. The rule “the maximum erosion of typical brittle material occurs at 90°” is confirmed by the view of energy analysis.
A Simple Way to Prepare C-doped TiO2 with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Nie Long Hui , Xu Hong Tao , Yuan Song Dong
Published: May 2011

A visible-light-active C-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by a simple wet process. The XPS analysis results showed that carbon was doped into TiO2 particles and one kind of carbonate species with Ti-O-C structure was formed. The obtained sample showed obvious absorption in the 400-800 nm range in UV-vis spectra. By degrading of methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light irradiation (l>420 nm), the apparent rate constant (kapp) of S170 was about 10 times larger than that of P25. The preparation procedure of such C-doped catalyst can be easily scaled up for industrial production due to its simplicity.
Preparation and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile / Binary of Fatty Acids Composites as Phase Change Fibers
Authors: Guo Jing , Xiang Heng Xue , Gong Xue Yong , Wang Qian Qian
Published: May 2011

With stearic acid/lauric acid binary of fatty acids as phase change material, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as framework material, PAN/ binary of fatty acids phase change fibers is prepared by wet spinning process. Morphology and latent heat storage capacity of phase change fibers are investigated using microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Influences of the ratio of PAN/ binary of fatty acids, concentration of the coagulation and spinning liquid on breaking strength have been studied by yarn strength tester. The results show that breaking strength of phase change fiber dried at 110°C hot air is higher than that of dried at room temperature, the breaking strength of PAN/ binary of fatty acids fiber increases with the increment of the ratio of PAN/ binary of fatty acids, concentration of the coagulation and spinning liquid. The latent heat storage capacity of phase change fiber has reached 18J/g, the phase transition temperature is about 28.6°C.
The Effect of Cr on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-V-C Hardfacing Alloys
Authors: Zong Lin , Liu Zheng Jun
Published: May 2011

Fe-Cr-V-C hardfacing alloys of three different Cr contents were produced by GTAW. The microstructure and hard phases morphology were investigated by means of OP, SEM and XRD. The results showed that the microstructure of hardfacing alloys consists of lamellar martensite, retained austenite, ferrite, VC particles and (Fe,Cr,V)7C3 complex carbides. The VC particles with exploded, globular shape and (Fe,Cr,V)7C3 complex carbides with interrupted netted, hexagonal shape are observed in the alloys.The amount of Cr affect the microstructure and wear resistance of the hardfacing coating. The volume fraction of (Fe,Cr,V)7C3 complex carbides increase as the Cr content increase. When the Cr content reached 22%, a multitude of hexagonal (Fe,Cr,V)7C3 complex carbides and a small amount globular VC particles are distributed in the softer ferrite and austenite matrix which ensure the high wear resistance.
Spinning Process and Mechanical Properties Analysis of PTT Filament Core Spun Yarn
Authors: Xue Yuan , Yang En Long
Published: May 2011

The two component filament/staple fiber core-spun yarn is spun on FA506 ring spinning frame with PTT filament as interlaced yarn and Tencel staple fiber as outer sheath. The spinning process and process parameters were analyzed. The morphology, mechanical property and wear-resisting property of two component core-spun yarn were tested. Results indicate that elastic recovery rate of core-spun is up to 90.6%; broken strength is up to 20 cN/tex after boiling water treatment. The core-spun yarn can be used as a new kind of knitting yarn for sweater.
Study of the Surface Morphology and the Microstructure of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers
Authors: Zhang Xue Jun , Han Zan , Tian Yan Hong , Yang Yan Feng
Published: May 2011

The microstructure of two kinds of self-made PAN-based high-modulus carbon fibers (HMCF-1, HMCF-2) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and was compared with that of T800 and M55J. The correlation of XRD and HRTEM in terms of graphite crystallite sizes and interlayer spacing of graphite layer was also investigated. The results show that the diameters of T800, HMCF-1 and HMCF-2 are almost the same (~5.20μm) and all of them are lager than that of M55J (~4.86μm). The crystal sizes and the degree of graphitization are in the order of HMCF-2>HMCF-1>M55J>T800, while the regularity of the lattice fringes of HMCF-2 is better than those of others.
Effect of Sintering Temperature and Atmosphere on Corrosion Behavior of MIM 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: He Hao , Li Yi Min , Li Da Peng
Published: May 2011

In the present study, effect of sintering temperature and atmosphere on corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel specimens manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) process were investigated. Sintering experiments were carried out at 1320°C, 1370°C and 1375°C under various sintering atmospheres, i.e. Ar+H2, Ar, N2+H2 or N2. The corrosion behavior of as-sintered specimens was studied by weight loss immersion test in 5%HCl solution. The results indicated that a better corrosion resistance was accompanied higher density, finer and rounder surface pores. The specimens sintered under Ar+H2 atmosphere at 1370°C had little susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of the New LAZ1151 Mg-Li Alloy
Authors: Cheng Chai Wei , Huang Jian Jia , Lee Shyong , Wang Jian Yih , Chiang Chih Te
Published: May 2011

This research studies a brand new Magnesium Lithium Alloy, LAZ1151, with trace Sc additions. The mechanical properties and microstructures of the as-cast and alloys after three and six month aging were observed and analyzed. Microstructure and XRD confirms the existence of α phase precipitates (Mg rich) in both as-cast and aging specimens of the alloy. Grain growth was observed in the alloy after room temperature aging. The tensile strength of the as-cast LAZ1151 is 147 MPa; the value is decreased to 135 MPa after six month aging, showing typical room temperature softening. Strengthening via the use of cold rolling was tried; a maximum tensile strength of 180 MPa was achieved after 90% rolling reduction, which is mainly due to strain hardening.
A Novel Piezoelectric Micro-Dissection Tool with Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Liu Ya Xin , Zhong Ming , Chen Li Guo
Published: May 2011

Micro-dissection technology possesses revolutionary significance in the research field about Cancer Genomics, through which pure population of targeted cells can be procured from tissue sections for subsequent analysis. In this paper, a novel Micro-dissection technology using ultrasonic vibration was proposed and the piezo-powered micro-dissection tool with its control and drive system were also developed. The micro-dissection tool employs the multilayer piezoelectric actuator for generating the ultrasonic vibration with high frequency and low amplitude. To control the piezo-powered Micro-dissection tool, a driving power for piezoelectric actuator was designed using direct digital synthesizer and direct current amplifying principle, thus the micro-dissection tool could vibrate with the frequency scope from 0.5k to50K and the amplitude scope from 0 to 2μm. Finally, experiments about bio-microdissection on liver tissue slice were carried out with the tool and better micro-dissection result was obtained. The experiments show the feasibility of the micro-dissection method with ultrasonic vibration. The new micro-dissection method can be adopted in the bio-micro-manipulation field and it can also significantly promote the development of Cancer Genomics.
Preparation and Characteristics of Novelty Chitosan Schiff Base and its Zinc Complexes
Authors: Wu Xue Wen , Xiong Yan
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a new kind of chitosan schiff base and its zinc complexes were prepared. Chitosan schiff base (CS-DBSB) was obtained when 3, 5-Di-tert-butyl salicylaldehyde was introduced to the C-2 nitrogen position of chitosan. Its zinc complex of CS-DBSB (CS-DBSB-Zn) was also prepared. The structure and performance of physicochemical characteristics of CS-DBSB and CS-DBSB-Zn were examined by FT-IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric (TG). The thermal behaviors of CS-DBSB and CS-DBSB-Zn were described. TG curves presented three events including water loss, decomposition of the polysaccharide generating a carbonaceous residue that burns at higher temperatures.
Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Lueyang’s Basalt Fiber
Authors: Li Jian Jun , Meng Ying , Liu Yan Chun
Published: May 2011

By deeply analyzing and studying the physical and chemical properties of Lueyang’s basalt fiber, its characteristics such as the chemical components, the crystallization’s upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature during the melting process, and the the viscosity and temperature change during melting process are verified to provide theoretical bases for the industrial production of a new type composite materials, and meanwhile to offer grounds for the development of a new generation of composite fiber materials.
Analysis on Influence of Oil Film Thickness on Temperature Field of Heavy Hydrostatic Bearing in Variable Viscosity Condition
Authors: Zhang Yan Qin , Xu Xiao Qiu , Yang Xiao Dong , Li Hong Mei , Jiang Hui , Yu Xiao Yang , Shi Zhi Min
Published: May 2011

According to the problem of the influence of oil film thickness on temperature rise for heavy hydrostatic thrust bearing during operation， build viscosity-temperature equation of lubricating oil film and mathematics model of oil film temperature rise of heavy hydrostatic bearing with multiple oil pads, simulate the temperature field of hydrostatic bearing with sector cavity under various oil film thickness using FVM(finite volume method), and reveal the influence law of oil film thickness of temperature rise for hydrostatic bearing. The results show that temperature distribution of hydrostatic bearing is much the same under various oil film thicknesses, but the influence of oil film thickness of temperature rise for hydrostatic bearing is greater. The results of numerical calculations actually response flow state inside hydrostatic bearing ，offer theoretical foundation for the design of hydrostatic bearing in engineering practice, and have important significance in improving operation stability of NC machine.
Recycled Applications of a Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Yu Jin Jiang , Sun Xiao Feng , Lou Jiang Xin , Lang Hai Xia , Guan Heng Rong , Hu Zhuang Qi
Published: May 2011

The effects of application of recycled scraps on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of SRR99 alloy were studied. The compositions of recycle master alloy are similar to that of the fresh alloy. However, nitrogen content, the size and amount of microporosity increase significantly with the recycle material proportion. Granular, lamellar and strip-like MC particles mainly represent in the interdendritic regions of the revert alloy. With the addition of the recycled material proportion, the amount of the granular ones rapidly drop and the lamellar ones gently enhance. The stress rupture life decline with the addition of the recycled material proportion. The oxide and sulphide inclusions in revert superalloy can be effectively captured and removed by a foam ceramic filter so that the tensile and stress rupture property has been significantly improved.
Graft Copolymerization of Starch and Acrylamide Initiated by AIBN in Aqueous Two-Phase System
Authors: Cao Ya Feng , Liu Zao Li , Li Yuan , Tan Feng Zhi
Published: May 2011

In aqueous two-phase system, azodiisobutyronitrile（AIBN） was adsorbed on starch by dissolve- precipitate method. Free radical was then produced by its thermolysis, thus graft copolymerization of starch and acrylamide could be initiated. The effect of factors such as initiating system, organic solvent for AIBN dissolving, time for pre-initiation, concentration of initiator, composition and concentration of disperse system on monomer conversion, grafting efficiency, and dissolution property of the reaction product were studied. The optimum conditions of the reaction were as follows: AIBN was used as initiator and methanol as solvent; pre-initiation time was 25 min; concentration of AIBN was 2.6×10-4 mol/L; polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as disperse system, the ratio of m(PEG):m(PVA) was 2.0:1 and their total mass fraction was 6.5%; both pre-initiation and polymerization temperatures were 60-65 °C. Monomer conversion (C) and grafting efficiency (GE) of the product obtained under these conditions were 99.4% and 99.1%, respectively.
Sc2O3 and Gd2O3 Co-Doped Strontium Zirconate as a New Thermal Barrier Coating Material
Authors: Ma Wen , Song Feng Yu , Lun Wen Shan , Wang Dong Xing , Dong Hong Ying , Zheng Xue Bin
Published: May 2011

An advanced ceramic material of perovskite structure, Sc2O3 (5 mol%)and Gd2O3 (5 mol%) co-doped SrZrO3, was investigated as a material for thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. Sr(Zr0.9Sc0.05Gd0.05)O2.95 (SZSG) was synthesized using ball milling prior to solid-state sintering, and had a minor second phase of Gd2O3. The material showed good phase stability not only from room temperature to 1400°C, but also at high temperature of 1450°C for a long period, analyzed by DSC and XRD, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of the sintered bulk SZSG were recorded by a high-temperature dilatometer and revealed a positive influence on phase transitions of SrZrO3 by co-doping Sc2O3 and Gd2O3. The thermal conductivity of SZSG had much lower values in contrast to that of SrZrO3 and Sr(Zr0.8Gd0.2)O2.9 in whole tested temperature range. The good chemical compatibility was observed for SZSG with 8YSZ or Al2O3 powders. All the results revealed that SZSG might be a potential material for TBC applications at higher temperatures compared with 8YSZ.
Fibrillation of Lyocell Fiber and its Application in Battery Separator
Authors: Wang Xi Wen , Hu Jian , Long Jin
Published: May 2011

Lyocell, commercially supplied by Lenzing Fibers under the trade name Tencel are used in the manufacture of dry-laid and wet-laid nonwovens as well as speciality papers for high performance. The fibrillation behaviour of Tencel fiber on different SEL condition was studied in this paper. The results show that Tencel fiber can be well fibrilated with long fiber length after refining at 0.4-0.8Ws/m SEL. The distribution of microfibers diameter are mostly between 200nm to 2000nm. The fibrilated fibers were applied in alkaline Zn/MnO2 battery separator. The properties of the resulting papers in comparison to the commercial separator are much better especially in prorosity and pore size.
Research on Calculation Method of Fuel Consumption Rate Base on Engine Universal Characteristics
Authors: Bao Fan Biao
Published: May 2011

This paper has built the engine mathematical model of surface fitting using MATLAB language based on the evaluation index experimental method of vehicle fuel economy. The paper proposed a new calculated and rendering engine Universal Characteristics Curves by using the fitting tools and statistical software package of MATLAB language. According to the fuel consumption rate curve graphical method, the paper has established the calculation process and the method of constant speed fuel consumption. The method has been proved that is intuitive and practicable.
Ferroelectric Properties and Raman Scattering Spectra of Bi1-xGdxFeO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chun Mei , Dai Hai Yang , Li Tao , Xue Ren Zhong , Su Lei , Chen Zhen Ping
Published: May 2011

Multiferroic ceramic samples of Bi1-xGdxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) have been prepared by the rapid liquid phase sintering technique. The effect of Gd substitution on ferroelectric properties of Bi1-xGdxFeO3 ceramics has been investigated. The results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the single-phase BiFeO3 sample has a rhombohedral structure and Gd3+ substitution for Bi3+ has not affected the perovskite structure. Experimental results suggest that Gd3+ substitution for Bi3+ has markedly affected the Raman scattering spectra, and the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 are improved by Gd3+ doping. When x = 0.15, saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loop is observed at room temperature with the maximal 2Pr = 1.62 μC/cm2.
Preparation and Properties of TiB2 Coating against Erosion by Molten Al-12.07wt.%Si Alloy
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Ren Yuan , Li Feng
Published: May 2011

TiB2 protective coating was prepared in the 310S container wall to improve the life of the container and achieve long-term protection purposes, and also studied the properties of TiB2 coating with anti-heat shock, mechanical and anticorrosion to molten Al-12.07%Si . The results showed that the anti-heat shock properties of the coating was good, bonding strength between coating and substrate was high, the corrosion resistance was improved under certain limited temperature, and the life of container was also remarkable enhanced.
Preliminary Study on Fresh Storage of Orange with Tourmaline
Authors: Wu Su Ying , Wang Ping
Published: May 2011

This study had conducted a comparative study on storage navel orange with tourmaline carton and ordinary carton,The effect of preservation with tourmaline on the storage navel orange had been discussed through the change trend of main organic content,weightlessness rate and decay rate during storage of navel orange.The results showed that the weightlessness rate of navel orange storage by ordinary carton was 5.26%,which was greater than the 4%,that was to say,the value of navel orange had been lost;however,the tourmaline carton,which played a good role in the fresh storage of navel orange .
Effect of Cr/Zr on the Electrochemical Behavior of Copper in NaCl/NaOH/HCl Solution
Authors: Zhang Ya Ni , Zheng Mao Sheng , Zhu Jie Wu
Published: May 2011

The potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic voltommogroms studies were carried out on the copper with micro-addition of Cr and Zr in solutions of 0.5M NaCl, 0.5M NaOH and 0.5M HCl at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of pure copper is deteriorated with addition of the alloying elements Cr and Zr. Significant reducing in the corrosion resistance is observed when Cr and Zr are added simultaneously. Moreover, the lowest corrosion current density is obtained in the NaCl solution followed by the NaOH solution and HCl solution. Compared with the different effect on the passive layer in the NaCl solution, the micro-addition of Cr and Zr leads to the increasing of the corrosion resistance for the passive layer in 0.5M NaOH solution and 0.5M HCl solution.
Ultrasonic Assisted Electro Deposition and Characterization of Ni–P Alloy onto Sintered NdFeB Magnet
Authors: Li Li , Wang Fei Fei , Niu Zong Wei , Wang Dong
Published: May 2011

Sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is widely used in many applications because of its excellent magnetic property. But its poor corrosion resistance has been cited as a potential problem with its use.Nickel phosphorus (Ni–P) alloys systems are very attractive due to their good corrosion and wear resistance behavior. In this paper the ultrasonic effect is used in electro deposition. Experimental results show that the ultrasonic improve the deposition surface quality.
Preparation and Characterization of Aqueous Oil-Modified Polyurethane
Authors: Chen Xiao Qi , Wu Chen Bo , Xue Zhao Jun , Geng Yao Zong , Xiao Ji Jun
Published: May 2011

Aqueous oil-modified polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) were synthesized using alcoholysis derivatives of vegetable oil, hydroxyl-terminated polyether, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolbutyric acid (DMBA). Alcoholysis was performed in order to insert alcoholysis derivatives, which were used as the polyol composition. The structures of alcoholysis derivatives, polyurethane dispersions and their dry films were confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), respectively. The effect of alcoholysis derivatives on the properties of PUD films was investigated. The results show that tack-free time and gloss of PUD films would change with the amount of alcoholysis derivatives. When compared to aqueous polyurethane dispersions, aqueous oil-modified PUDs have shorter tack-free time, higher gloss and tensile strength and lower elongation at broken.
Study on the Brush Plating Tecnology of Austenite Stainless Steel Parts
Authors: Guo Bi Xin , Luo Xiang Yan , Gao Yun Kui
Published: May 2011

Brush plating has been an important technology for the mending of the scratched surface of the engineering parts in recent years.The process for brush plating mending of scratched surface of the Austenite stainless steel parts is introduced in this article.The merits of the technology are discussed.
Electrochemical Migration and Rapid Whisker Growth of Zn and Bi Dopings in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder in 3wt.% NaCl Solution
Authors: Hua Li , Sou Ming Wei , Zhang Wei Jun , Hu Q L
Published: May 2011

Electrochemical migration (ECM) tests and rapid whisker growth on Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder candidates doped with Zn and Bi on Cu-plated FR-4 printed circuit board were conducted by applying constant voltage. The results showed that dendritic shape were different when the doped metals were different. When Zn was doped in SAC solder, dendrites looked like tree trunk, while that of Bi doping looked like rose, which was due to the different composition of SAC candidates. Comparing the length of dendrites at the same condition, it could be concluded that dendrite growth might be suppressed by Bi addition, which the contrary effect suitable to Zn addition. EDAX results showed that the main content on dendrites was Sn with or without Bi doping, while the main content was Zn, Sn, and Ag with Zn doping and Zn/Bi dopings. Whisker growth test verified that Sn accounted for a majority (larger than 95wt.%), no difference could be seen on whiskers of SAC solder candidates although the contents of SAC solder candidate were differently. The whisker growth rate were not different although the doped metals were different largely. Both dendrite growth and rapid whisker growth of SAC solder candidates doped with Zn and Bi were harmful to micro/nanoelectronic packaging attributing to bridge short circuit in PWBs industries.
Performance of Thermal Insulation Reflective Composite Coatings
Authors: Jia Meng Qiu , Jin Yu Hong
Published: May 2011

Reflective topcoat and thermal insulation mid-coat composite coatings system was used in this work. The effect of the content of the hollow glass micro-beads and rutile titanium dioxide on the heat insulation performance and the reflectivity of the coatings were investigated, respectively. The heat insulation performance and the reflectivity of the thermal insulation reflective composite coatings (TIRCCs) were characterized by self-prepared experimental device. The results showed the good heat insulation property, and the insulated temperature reached 12-15°C, and the reflectivity was up to 95%. The anti-corrosion and anti-penetration of the TIRCCs were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results showed that the resistance of the TIRCCs still be maintained at 108Ω·cm2 after 30 days in the 3.5% aqueous solution of sodium chloride. So The TIRCCs can be used on the surface of the steal structure for decreasing the temperature and enhancing anti-corrosion properties.
Effects of Pyrolysis Conditions on the Permeance of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Based Carbon Membrane for CO2 Separation
Authors: Wei Wei , Qin Guo Tong , Tang Pei Jing , Wu Li Ping
Published: May 2011

Carbon membranes were prepared by coating an ethanol solution of phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin with additive on the porous green support from the same material and further heat treatment. The heating process was divided into two steps, stabilization and carbonization. The influences of heat variables including heating rate, stabilization and carbonization temperature on membrane properties were investigated. Pure gas of N2, CH4, and CO2 was used to test membrane permeance. These carbon membranes have good capabilities towards separation of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4.
Chemical Tempering Process and Characterization of Na-Ca-Si Glass
Authors: Wang Zhen Lin
Published: May 2011

Chemical tempered glasses were prepared using glass slides as substrate and KNO3 as melting agent by ion-exchange during 2h, 4h, 6h at 430°C,450°C and 500°C respectively. The surface composition of the glasses was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the mechanical properties and wear resistance were characterized by nanoindentation/nanoscratch tests. The results indicate that the ion- exchange method can be a good way to increase the strength and improve wear resistance of Na-Ca-Si glass. The chemical tempering has an optimal treating temperature and time.
Affects of Citric Acid Concentration and System pH on the Speed and the Stability of Nickel Electroless Plating
Authors: Liu Ding Fu , Wang Hua
Published: May 2011

Analyzing the experiment results theoretically, this paper mainly studied the affect of content of lactic acid as main complexant and pH value with citric acid as auxiliary complexant to plating speed and the system stability in nickel electroless plating. The results of our researches indicate that: (1) When the total nickelous concentration is 0.10mol/L, the total lactic acid concentration is 0.20 mol/L and the pH value is 4.8, the speed of nickel electroless plating will decrease as the total citric acid concentration increase. Otherwise, the stability time of PbCl2 in the plating bath will increase; (2) When the total nickelous concentration is 0.10 mol/L, the total lactic acid concentration is 0.20 mol/L and the total citric acid concentration is 15 g/L, the speed of nickel electroless plating would increase as the pH value increases, but the stability time of PbCl2 in the plating bath would decrease a lot. Considering comprehensively the plating speed and the bath stability, the total citric acid concentration 10~20 g/L, pH value 4.8~5.2 will be acceptable.
Preparation of Uniform Hypercrosslinked Microspheres with Large Specific Surface Area
Authors: Zhou Qing , Tang Song Lin , Zhang Man Cheng , Li Ai Min
Published: May 2011

The membrane emulsification-suspension polymerization (MESP) method was used to synthesize hypercrosslinked microspheres with a narrow size distribution. The resulting polymers possessed large specific surface area (over 1300 m2/g) and their particle size was controllable. The particles were more hydrophilic when using nitrobenzene as solvent instead of 1, 2-dichloroethane in the postcrosslinking process.
Effect of Fluoride Treatment on Corrosion Property of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Hank's Solution
Authors: Zhang Chun Yan , Gao Jia Cheng , Liu Cheng Long
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys in applications as degradable implant material. Fluoride conversion coating was synthesized on Mg alloy AZ31 by immersion in hydrofluoric acid (HF) with various concentrations. The effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on the corrosion behavior of the Mg alloy AZ31 was investigated by potentiodynamic electrochemical technique and immersion tests. The XRD analysis indicated the fluoride conversion coating was amorphous, with smooth and compact surface. Electrochemical and immersion tests proved that the fluoride conversion coatings significantly improved the corrosion resistance of AZ31. The most improved corrosion protection was achieved using the concentrations of 40 % and 72 h of treatment time, resulting in corrosion rates 20 times lower than those of untreated samples, showing that fluoride coating by conversion treatment is a simple and promising way of enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg in Hanks' solution.
First-Principles Investigation Density of States for LiNi1-xCoxO2 with x=0, 1/3, 2/3 and 1
Authors: Gu Yi Jie , Chen Yun Bo , Liu Hong Quan , Wu Hui Kang , Huang Xiao Wen , Liu Hong , Hu Yong , Guo Zhen
Published: May 2011

Computational studies have been carried out on the LiNi1-xCoxO2 compounds based on density-functional theory. Quantum-mechanical calculations are performed using a total-energy pseudopotential code. Density of states and partial density of states are calculated with the considering the spin state of Ni and Co. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the exchange splitting is controlled by Co content. As the Co content increased, the exchange splitting decreased. Electronic structure calculations show that the crystal field splitting is controlled by the second content. With Co contents increasing, the crystal field splitting decreased for LiNi1-xCoxO2 with x=0, 1/3 and 2/3. The study also shows that the interaction of Ni ion with surrounding O ions and Li ions will be changed and prevents Li ions from leaving LiNiO2 with the increasing substitution Co for Ni in LiNiO2.
Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution by Sewage Sludge Carbon Adsorbent
Authors: Xia Chang Bin , Zhou Fu Jian , Chen Yuan , Zhang Ling
Published: May 2011

The capacity of sewage sludge carbon (SSC) for the removal of lead ion from aqueous solution has been studied under different conditions,namely SSC particle size,initial pH,initial Pb2+ ion concentration and solution temperature.The results show that equilibrium data obtained fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherms,this SSC is an efficient adsorbent for removing lead ion.The finer the SSC particle used,the higher the metal adsorption capacity.An initial solution pH ≥4.5 is favourable for obtaining high metal removal.
Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Cytochrome C on the Interface of Ionic Liquid Functionalized Nano-Gold
Authors: Wang Kun , Ju Chang , Qian Jing , Li He Nan , Dai Li Na , Jin Yi Cong
Published: May 2011

A novel reagentless H2O2 biosensor based on ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6) functionalized nano-gold as the biocompatible interface of Cytochrome C (Cyt c) by self-assembled method was proposed. The immobilized Cyt c showed direct electrochemistry and displayed an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of H2O2 without the aid of any electron mediator. Under optimal experimental conditions, the as-prepared biosensor showed a wide linear response to H2O2 in the range of 0.23 µM to 3.0 mM with a detection limit of 0.12 µM (S/N = 3). The resulting biosensor can reached 95% of steady-state current within 5 s. The Kappm value for H2O2 was found to be 1.2 mM.
Study on Tribology Characteristic of the Cast Iron Friction Pair in the Self-Repairing Additive and Mechanism Analyzing
Authors: Yan Yan Hong , Yang Yu Lin , Wang Nan
Published: May 2011

Influence of frictional wear characteristics of the cast iron-cast iron friction pair were investigated in the Self-repairing Additive with different concentration by using MMU-5G end-face friction and wear testing machine. The capability of generating self-repair coatings on the cast iron tribo-surface was verified in the Self-repairing Additive. The surface images of friction pair and their chemical composition were detected by using SEM and EDS. The result indicates different concentration has a great influence on frictional wear characteristics of friction pair in the Self-repairing Additive. In the self-repairing Additive, the Self-repair coatings are not formed on the cast-iron worn surface; self-repairing Additive has remarkable effect on antifriction and wearing of cast iron.
Changes in Physical Properties of ANF-6 Slag during Electroslag Remelting Process
Authors: Li Xiao Ming , Wang Shang Jie , Zhao Jun Xue , Cui Ya Ru , Chen Yan Mei
Published: May 2011

Electroslag metallurgy production practice showed that the initial composition and final slag composition of ANF-6 were very different. The multiple electroslag with different ratio of CaF2 (58%-70%), Al2O3(18%-30%), CaO(0%-12%), SiO2(0%-9.3%) and MgO(0-2.7%) were used to simulate the changes of ANF-6 slag composition in production. Then the melting point, density, viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity of different slags were measured respectively. The results demonstrated that, with the content of CaF2 and Al2O3 decreasing, and the content of CaO, SiO2 and MgO increasing, the melting point first increased and then decreased(increased from 1339°C to 1350°C, and then dropped to 1297°C), the density gradually decreased(from 2.96g/cm3 to 2.28 g/cm3), viscosity first decreased and then increased(reduced from 0.097Pa.s to 0.015Pa.s,then gradually rose to 0.083Pa.s), the surface tension increased gradually(from 0.3N/m to 0.39N/m), the conductivity first increased and then decreased(reduced sharply from 3.33S/cm to 3.17S/cm,then increased slowly to 3.30S/cm, decreased gradually to 2.83S/cm). The changes of physical properties of slag would cause changes in operating parameters. In order to get good electroslag ingots, the electrical parameters, process parameters should be adjusted according to the properties changes timely in electroslag refining process.
Preparation Mico/Nano Composite Particles and their Applications for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chiang Ting Lung , Chou Chuen Shii , Wu Der Ho , Hsiung Chin Min
Published: May 2011

This study investigated the applicability of TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) composite particles, which probably have the plasmon resonance effect, on FTO-glass substrate of the working electrode of a DSSC. The dry particle coating technique was utilized to coat the surfaces of TiO2 particle with nano-sized Au (or Ag) powder particles. A layer of TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) composite particles was deposited on the FTO-glass substrate of the working electrode, and it was then sintered in a high-temperature furnace. The working electrode covered with a TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) thin film was kept immersed in a solution of N-719 (Ruthenium) dye for 12 h. Finally, the DSSC was assembled, and the short-circuit photocurrent; the open-circuit photovoltage, and the power conversion efficiency η of DSSC were measured using a home-made I-V measurement system. This study also examined the effects of the mass ratio of TiO2 to Au (or Ag) and the duration of dry coating on the η of the DSSC. If the duration of dry coating is adequate, the η of the DSSC with TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) composite particles increased with increase in the percentage of Au (or Ag) in the composite particles. Most importantly, this study shows that the power conversion efficiency η of the DSSC with a film of TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) on the working electrode always exceeds that of the conventional DSSC due to presence of the Schottky barrier, which is probably created in the TiO2/Au (or TiO2/Ag) composite particle.
Damage Analysis for Coal Lance in Blast Furnace
Authors: Xiong Wei , Chen Jia Chao , Shang He Ming
Published: May 2011

Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) is a key technology in modern ironmaking by blast furnace and the life of injection lance has a great influence on PCI operation and on normal running of blast furnace. It is found that the main reasons for the failure of the lances are their outer surface oxidation and the inner surface erosion through monitoring some lances used in BF. The outer surface oxidation of the lances made of lCr18Ni9Ti is inevitable under high hot blast temperature condition through thermodynamics analysis. Increasing the inner surface hardness by surface treatment would prolong the service life of coal lance. The anti-oxidation temperature of lance materials needs to be over 1000°C for BF intensified smelting.
Research on One Bath Dyeing Technology of Wool and Silk
Authors: Luo Guang Si , Wang Qian
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the one bath dyeing technology of wool and silk was studied, which were colored with neolan dye. The best dyeing conditions of homochromatic property were obtained by the optimization of the dyeing temperature and heat preservation time and the adjustment of the auxiliaries, when the wool and silk dyeing in the same bath. Experiments show that the best homochromatic property of wool and silk in one bath dyeing was obtained when the dyeing temperature was 85°C-95°C, the heat preservation time was 30 minutes and the amount of sodium sulphate was 20g/L.
An Experimental Study on the Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coatings Prepared by Different Processes
Authors: Xie De Juan , Liu Zong De , Hu Wei Qiang , Wang Yong Tian
Published: May 2011

Fe-based amorphous composite coatings were deposited on the surface of ASTM-1020 steel plate by different technologies: arc spraying, laser remelting, TIG remelting (with and without water cooling). The microstructure, phase structure and micro-hardness were characterized by using a combination of SEM, XRD and Vickers hardness tester. It shows that the coating prepared by arc spraying presents typical lamellar structure and poor adherence to the substrate. After the remelting treatment, the coating quality is significantly improved by decreasing structure defects such as cracks and pores; the interface shows the metallurgical bonding. The dendritic crystals could be obtained within all the remelted coatings with different appearances. The microstructures of TIG remelted coatings show much more regular and have obvious orientation, which cannot be seen in laser remelted coating. However, the average grain size of the laser remelted coating is much smaller than that of TIG remelted coatings. The micro-hardness values of all of the deposited coatings are much higher than that of the substrate, and the coating prepared by laser remelting shows the highest hardness.
Precipitate Formation and Effects on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Fluorinated Silicon Oxide
Authors: Cheng Yi Lung , Wu Jiung , Hsieh Cheng Yang
Published: May 2011

Precipitates appear on fluorine-doped silicon oxide (SiOF) film when the film surface is exposed to atmospheric air. They are flake-type and hexagonal-shaped and show up rapidly after initiation, and then densely clustered. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis results of the precipitates show that mainly Si & O are detected. From the analysis of Raman spectra, the decreased intensities at about 600 cm-1 and 500 cm-1 post precipitation indicates the reduction of strained low-order ring structure in SiOF film. It is found that the dielectric constant of SiOF films initially increases at exposure to air and is attributable to the absorption of water, and then on the contrary a declining trend of the dielectric constant was observed after precipitation. From the Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics, there is an apparent shift of the breakdown distribution to lower values of electric field for the SiOF films post-precipitation. Slight but appreciable reduction in hardness could be observed along exposure to air and precipitation. Precipitation on SiOF film at exposure to humid air is accompanied by reconstruction in structure, leading to further increase in film porosity and reduction in film rigidity.
Nanoscaled Polyaniline Doped with Different Dicarboxylic Acids Based On Template-Free Method
Authors: Jia Shao Jin , Liu Zhen , Jiang Ping Kai , Zhou Jian
Published: May 2011

With an average diameter of 148-285 nm and a conductivity of 2.38E-2- 5.88 E-2S/cm, Nanoscaled polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized based on template-free method in the presence of dicarboxylic acids dopants (e.g., D-tartaric acid, Succinic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid). Furthermore, the trans-cis isomerization of butenedioic acid plays an important role in the formation of nanostructures from plane-like to nanofibers, and PANI-MA has larger diameter, higher crystallinity and conductivity than PANI-FA.
Formulation Design and Experiments of Emulsion for Rolling Process of Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhi Qian , Yu Wen Bin , Ouyang Mei Tao
Published: May 2011

The formulation design and fundamental experiments of O/W type emulsions as lubricant and coolant in the hot rolling process of magnesium alloy were conducted in this work. The main components of emulsion were determined by the comparision of some candidates of base oil, polar oil additive and emulsifier in microstructure and properties, respectively. It is found that the conservation stability of emulsions is mainly dominated by the emulsifier concentration and type. The results showed that the suitable stability and microstructure was obtained by using compound emulsifier of nonionic and anionic surfactants. The feasible contents of both emulsifier and polar agents are about 10 percent, respectively.