bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data in cardiac surgery: real world and perspectives
Authors: Montisci Andrea , Palmieri Vittorio , Vietri Maria Teresa , Sala Silvia , Maiello Ciro , Donatelli Francesco , Napoli Claudio
Published: October 2022

Big Data, and the derived analysis techniques, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, have been considered a revolution in the modern practice of medicine. Big Data comes from multiple sources, encompassing electronic health records, clinical studies, imaging data, registries, administrative databases, patient-reported outcomes and OMICS profiles. The main objective of such analyses is to unveil hidden associations and patterns. In cardiac surgery, the main targets for the use of Big Data are the construction of predictive models to recognize patterns or associations better representing the individual risk or prognosis compared to classical surgical risk scores. The results of these studies contributed to kindle the interest for personalized medicine and contributed to recognize the limitations of randomized controlled trials in representing the real world. However, the main sources of evidence for guidelines and recommendations remain RCTs and meta-analysis. The extent of the revolution of Big Data and new analytical models in cardiac surgery is yet to be determined.
Evaluation of cultural competency in a South African cluster randomised controlled trial: lessons learned for trial reporting standards
Authors: Siegfried Nandi Louise , Hopewell Sally , Erasmus-Claassen Lesley-Ann , Myers Bronwyn
Published: October 2022

Background

Failure to consider relevant cultural, ethnic and diversity parameters (and the intersection between these parameters) during trial protocol development and trial conduct may negatively impact recruitment, intervention development and delivery, and participant adherence and retention, potentially reducing overall internal validity. This case study aimed to evaluate the utility and comparability between the 9-item Gibbs Framework to measure cultural competency and the GRIPP-2(Short Form (SF)) 5-point checklist to assess patient and public involvement in the context of a complex clinical trial conducted in an African setting.

Methods

We identified and collated all relevant publications, source and procedural data related to the trial and integrated the documents into a dynamic trial timeline. Two independent investigators applied and scored the Gibbs Framework and the GRIPP-2(SF) checklist to the four publications arising from the trial, noting functionality and comparability between tools. Where cultural competency was not met, a third investigator screened all procedural and source data and identified if cultural competency had been achieved but not reported in the publications, or if the trial had not met appropriate cultural competency based on the documentation.

Results

Application of the Gibbs Framework found that the trial scored ‘2’ for seven of the nine Gibbs items, indicating full cultural competency for those questions. The Framework indicated that the trial research question was not driven by the articulated needs of patients, and neither were patients, caregivers and clinical providers involved in the development of the intervention. Comparability with the GRIPP-2(SF) checklist showed that the Gibbs performed better on evaluation of partnerships with the community, identification of culturally competent data sources and target populations, and appointment of trial staff in an inclusive manner.

Conclusions

Comprehensive evaluation of the trial’s cultural competency required scrutiny of both published manuscripts and source and procedural data, suggesting that there is a gap in current trial reporting standards with respect to cultural competence.

Trial registration

PACTR201610001825403. Registered on 17 October 2016.
Enteral versus parental nutrition after pancreaticoduodenectomy under enhanced recovery after surgery protocol: study protocol for a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial (ENE-PAN trial)
Authors: Takeda Yoshinori , Mise Yoshihiro , Kishi Yoji , Sugo Hiroyuki , Kyoden Yusuke , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Yu , Saiura Akio
Published: October 2022

Background

Infectious complications are the main causes of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Early enteral nutrition (EN) is a reasonable form of nutritional support that aims to mitigate the occurrence and severity of infectious complications by maintaining gut immunity. However, it remains unclear whether EN is beneficial for patients who underwent PD and are under enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods

A multicenter (six hospitals), open-label, randomized controlled trial will be started in July 2022. A total of 320 patients undergoing open PD will be randomly assigned to an EN group or a peripheral parental nutrition (PPN) group in a 1:1 ratio. The stratification factors will be the hospital, age (≥ 70 or not), and preoperative diagnosis (pancreatic cancer or not). In the EN group, enteral nutrition will start on postoperative day (POD) 1 at 200–300 ml/day via the percutaneous tube placed operatively. The volume of the diet will be increased to 400–600 ml/day on POD 2 and depend on the surgeon’s decision from POD 3. In the PPN group, PPN will be delivered after surgery. In both groups, oral feeding will start on POD 3. Each treatment will be finished when patients’ oral food intake reaches 60% of the nutritional requirement (25–30 kcal/day). The primary endpoint will be the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications within 90 days of surgery. The secondary endpoints will be all complications, including major ones such as Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or more and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. Data will be analyzed per the intention to treat.

Discussion

This will be the first, large, and well-designed RCT that aims to determine whether EN is beneficial for patients who underwent PD under the ERAS protocol. According to the results of this study, either EN or PPN would be adopted as the standard nutritional support for patients undergoing PD.

Trial registration

jRCT1030210691. Registered on March 23, 2022.
Identification of microbial taxa present in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) reveals widespread co-infection and associations with vector phylogeny
Authors: Manvell Charlotte , Berman Hanna , Callahan Benjamin , Breitschwerdt Edward , Swain William , Ferris Kelli , Maggi Ricardo , Lashnits Erin
Published: October 2022

Background

Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea, is the most common ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. As a cause of flea allergy dermatitis and a vector for two genera of zoonotic pathogens (Bartonella and Rickettsia spp.), the effect of the C. felis microbiome on pathogen transmission and vector survival is of substantial medical importance to both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assay the pathogenic and commensal eubacterial microbial communities of individual C. felis from multiple geographic locations and analyze these findings by location, qPCR pathogen prevalence, and flea genetic diversity.

Methods

16S Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was utilized to sequence the microbiome of fleas collected from free-roaming cats, and the cox1 gene was used for flea phylogenetic analysis. NGS data were analyzed for 168 individual fleas from seven locations within the US and UK. Given inconsistency in the genera historically reported to constitute the C. felis microbiome, we utilized the decontam prevalence method followed by literature review to separate contaminants from true microbiome members.

Results

NGS identified a single dominant and cosmopolitan amplicon sequence variant (ASV) from Rickettsia and Wolbachia while identifying one dominant Bartonella clarridgeiae and one dominant Bartonella henselae/Bartonella koehlerae ASV. Multiple less common ASVs from these genera were detected within restricted geographical ranges. Co-detection of two or more genera (Bartonella, Rickettsia, and/or Wolbachia) or multiple ASVs from a single genus in a single flea was common. Achromobacter, Peptoniphilus, and Rhodococcus were identified as additional candidate members of the C. felis microbiome on the basis of decontam analysis and literature review. Ctenocephalides felis phylogenetic diversity as assessed by the cox1 gene fell within currently characterized clades while identifying seven novel haplotypes. NGS sensitivity and specificity for Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. DNA detection were compared to targeted qPCR.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm the widespread coinfection of fleas with multiple bacterial genera and strains, proposing three additional microbiome members. The presence of minor Bartonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia ASVs was found to vary by location and flea haplotype. These findings have important implications for flea-borne pathogen transmission and control.

Graphical Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Paramythiotis Daniel , Kyriakidis Filippos , Karlafti Eleni , Didangelos Triantafyllos , Oikonomou Ilias-Marios , Karakatsanis Anestis , Poulios Christos , Chamalidou Eleni , Vagionas Anastasios , Michalopoulos Antonios
Published: October 2022

Background

Among the total reported cases of pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas, around 1–2.9% are adenosquamous carcinomas of the pancreas. Due to limited data, preoperative diagnosis is a great challenge for physicians, and it is usually set post-operational, based on the pathologist report. We operated on two cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas, which we present alongside the operation and treatment planning.

Case report

A 69-year-old Caucasian female and a 63-year-old Caucasian male presented themselves with jaundice in our department. The abdomen computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed lesions of the pancreas. A pancreas–duodenumectomy was performed in both patients, and the post-operational histology analysis revealed adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas head. The patients were discharged in good condition and received further chemotherapy treatment after surgery.

Conclusions

Two case reports of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas are described here, which both underwent surgery resection. The limited available literature on this topic substantially limits the knowledge and guidance on treatment. A summarization of the available literature is attempted, alongside a description of possible fields of future research.
Activation of arcuate nucleus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-expressing neurons suppresses food intake
Authors: Singh Ishnoor , Wang Le , Xia Baijuan , Liu Ji , Tahiri Azeddine , El Ouaamari Abdelfattah , Wheeler Michael B. , Pang Zhiping P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Central nervous system (CNS) control of metabolism plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy balance. In the brain, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), encoded by the proglucagon ‘Gcg’ gene, produced in a distinct population of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), has been shown to regulate feeding behavior leading to the suppression of appetite. However, neuronal networks that mediate endogenous GLP-1 action in the CNS on feeding and energy balance are not well understood.

Results

We analyzed the distribution of GLP-1R-expressing neurons and axonal projections of NTS GLP-1-producing neurons in the mouse brain. GLP-1R neurons were found to be broadly distributed in the brain and specific forebrain regions, particularly the hypothalamus, including the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), a brain region known to regulate energy homeostasis and feeding behavior, that receives dense NTSGcg neuronal projections. The impact of GLP-1 signaling in the ARC GLP-1R-expressing neurons and the impact of activation of ARC GLP-1R on food intake was examined. Application of GLP-1R specific agonist Exendin-4 (Exn-4) enhanced a proportion of the ARC GLP-1R-expressing neurons and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal action potential firing rates. Chemogenetic activation of the ARC GLP-1R neurons by using Cre-dependent hM3Dq AAV in the GLP-1R-ires-Cre mice, established that acute activation of the ARC GLP-1R neurons significantly suppressed food intake but did not have a strong impact on glucose homeostasis.

Conclusions

These results highlight the importance of central GLP-1 signaling in the ARC that express GLP-1R that upon activation, regulate feeding behavior.
Gaussian processes based extended target tracking in polar coordinates with input uncertainty
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Yang Dongsheng , Ren Lei , Yan Lei
Published: October 2022

Gaussian processes (GP) based extended target tracking (ETT) technique has attracted the attention of scientists since it can accurately estimate the kinematic states as well as the contour states of irregular-shape targets. Most traditional GP methods consider the ETT problem with a linear measurement model in Cartesian coordinates and ignore the input uncertainty of GP for simplicity. In many applications, however, measurements are generated with high-resolution sensors in polar coordinates. More importantly, the ignorance of input uncertainty in GP will exacerbate the tracking performance in these cases. In order to track an irregular-shape extended target in polar coordinates with input uncertainty, an improved GP-based probabilistic data association (IGP-PDA) algorithm is developed that includes the following enhancements: Firstly, a nonlinear measurement model is used and the unbiased converted measurement technique is invoked for the ETT problem. Secondly, the analytical form of statistical properties of the input uncertainty due to measurements noise and predicted error is derived. Thirdly, an IGP-PDA taking into account measurement origin uncertainty as well as input uncertainty is proposed, and three sub-optimal implementations are provided. Last, the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound of ETT with input uncertainty is derived. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MED12 mutation as a potential predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in pan-cancer
Authors: Zhou Yong , Tan Yuan , Zhang Qin , Duan Qianqian , Chen Jun
Published: October 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy elicits admirable anti-tumor responses across many types of cancer. Growing evidence point to a link to Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) and DNA damage repair (DDR) and TGF-β signing, while the clinical data on the association of MED12 and ICIs response are lacking. In this study, clinical and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from published studies were merged as a WES cohort to explore the association between MED12 mutation (MED12-Mut) and ICIs efficiency across cancers. Then, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort was used for validating our findings. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used to perform anti-tumor immunity and prognosis analysis. In the WES cohort (n = 474), significant differences were detected between MED12-Mut and MED12-wildtype (MED12-Wt) patients regarding durable clinical benefit (DCB, 80.00% vs. 53.67%, P = 0.022). In addition, significantly prolonged PFS was observed in MED12-Mut patients (mPFS: not reached, NR vs. 5.87 months, HR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.85, log-rank P = 0.015), After taking into account age, gender, metastasis, treatment and TMB status, the result of multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression showed significantly better PFS (HR:0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.92; P = 0.031). In the MSKCC cohort (n = 1513), overall survival advantage was achieved in MED12-Mut patients (mOS: 41 vs. 19 months, HR:0.54, 95%CI 0.34–0.85; log-rank P = 0.007), after taking into account same factors in WES cohort, this link still existed (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.96, P = 0.033), Notably, TMB was also found significantly higher in MED12-Mut patients in both WES and MSKCC cohort. Further tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and DDR-related gene analysis revealed anti-tumor immunity in MED12-Mut patients. Totally, MED12-Mut successfully predicted better clinical outcomes in ICIs-treated pan-cancer cohort, indicating that MED12-Mut could serve as a potential predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in pan-cancer.
Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the decision making of patients in undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Jiang Rong-San , Yang Men-Yin , You Weir-Chiang , Sun Ming-Hsi , Sheu Meei-Ling , Pan Liang-Yi , Sheehan Jason , Pan Hung-Chuan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Gamma knife radiosurgery (GK) is a commonly used approach for the treatment of intracranial lesions. Its radiation response is typically not immediate, but delayed. In this study, we analyzed cases from a prospectively collected database to assess the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the decision making in patients treated by gamma knife radiosurgery.

Methods

From January 2019 to August 2021, 540 cases of intracranial lesions were treated by GK with 207 cases before COVID-19 pandemic as a control. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 333 cases were similarly treated on patients with or without the COVID-19 vaccination. All the GK treated parameters as well as time profile in the decision making were analyzed. The parameters included age, sex, characteristic of lesion, targeted volume, peripheral radiation dose, neurological status, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), time interval from MRI diagnosis to consultation, time interval from the approval to treatment, frequency of outpatient department (OPD) visit, and frequency of imaging follow-up.

Results

Longer time intervals from diagnosis to GK consultation and treatment were found in the pandemic group (36.8 ± 25.5/54.5 ± 27.6 days) compared with the pre-COVID control (17.1 ± 22.4/45.0 ± 28.0 days) or vaccination group (12.2 ± 7.1/29.6 ± 10.9 days) (p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The fewer OPD visits and MRI examinations also showed the same trends. High proportion of neurological deficits were found in the pandemic group (65.4%) compared with the control (45.4%) or vaccination group (58.1%) (p < 0.001). The Charlson comorbidity in the pandemic group was 3.9 ± 3.3, the control group was 4.6 ± 3.2, and the vaccination group was 3.1 ± 3.1. There were similar inter-group difference (p < 0.001). In multiple variant analyses, longer time intervals from the diagnosis to consultation or treatment, OPD frequency and MRI examination were likely influenced by the status of the COVID-19 pandemic as they were alleviated by the vaccination.

Conclusions

The decision making in patients requiring gamma knife treatment was most likely influenced by the status of the COVID-19 pandemic, while vaccination appeared to attenuate their hesitant behaviors. Patients with pre-treatment neurological deficits and high co-morbidity undergoing the gamma knife treatment were less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bile pigments in emergency and critical care medicine
Authors: Seya Mizuki , Aokage Toshiyuki , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi
Published: October 2022

Bile pigments, such as bilirubin and biliverdin, are end products of the heme degradation pathway in mammals and are widely known for their cytotoxic effects. However, recent studies have revealed that they exert cytoprotective effects through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties. All these mechanisms are indispensable in the treatment of diseases in the field of emergency and critical care medicine, such as coronary ischemia, stroke, encephalomyelitis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, mesenteric ischemia, and sepsis. While further research is required before the safe application of bile pigments in the clinical setting, their underlying mechanisms shed light on their utilization as therapeutic agents in the field of emergency and critical care medicine. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of bile pigments and re-evaluate their therapeutic potential in the diseases listed above.
Synaptic proteomics reveal distinct molecular signatures of cognitive change and C9ORF72 repeat expansion in the human ALS cortex
Authors: Laszlo Zsofia I. , Hindley Nicole , Sanchez Avila Anna , Kline Rachel A. , Eaton Samantha L. , Lamont Douglas J. , Smith Colin , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Wishart Thomas M. , Henstridge Christopher M.
Published: October 2022

Increasing evidence suggests synaptic dysfunction is a central and possibly triggering factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, we still know very little about the molecular profile of an ALS synapse. To address this gap, we designed a synaptic proteomics experiment to perform an unbiased assessment of the synaptic proteome in the ALS brain. We isolated synaptoneurosomes from fresh-frozen post-mortem human cortex (11 controls and 18 ALS) and stratified the ALS group based on cognitive profile (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS score)) and presence of a C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9ORF72-RE). This allowed us to assess regional differences and the impact of phenotype and genotype on the synaptic proteome, using Tandem Mass Tagging-based proteomics. We identified over 6000 proteins in our synaptoneurosomes and using robust bioinformatics analysis we validated the strong enrichment of synapses. We found more than 30 ALS-associated proteins in synaptoneurosomes, including TDP-43, FUS, SOD1 and C9ORF72. We identified almost 500 proteins with altered expression levels in ALS, with region-specific changes highlighting proteins and pathways with intriguing links to neurophysiology and pathology. Stratifying the ALS cohort by cognitive status revealed almost 150 specific alterations in cognitively impaired ALS synaptic preparations. Stratifying by C9ORF72-RE status revealed 330 protein alterations in the C9ORF72-RE +ve group, with KEGG pathway analysis highlighting strong enrichment for postsynaptic dysfunction, related to glutamatergic receptor signalling. We have validated some of these changes by western blot and at a single synapse level using array tomography imaging. In summary, we have generated the first unbiased map of the human ALS synaptic proteome, revealing novel insight into this key compartment in ALS pathophysiology and highlighting the influence of cognitive decline and C9ORF72-RE on synaptic composition.
Public views of community pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey
Authors: Bou-Saba Alein W. , Kassak Kassem M. , Salameh Pascale R.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To assess public opinion about community pharmacy services in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was conducted between April and August of 2021. A link was shared randomly among the Lebanese population using WhatsApp and Facebook. Public perceptions were explored within 3 different indicators: general services (B) dispensing (C), and storage (D). Chi-square, Student’s test and ANOVA tests were used.p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 491 responses, only 9.6% scored above the 75th percentile (19.3% for the general services, 2.4% for dispensing indicator and 12.6% for storage indicator). The main concerns focused on lack of medication and reduced opening hours; however, 67.1% of respondents preferred consulting the community pharmacist instead of visiting primary health care centers, doctor’s private clinic and hospitals. Higher mean values of indicators B, C and in the overall indicator were significantly found in the presence of a pharmacist compared to the support pharmacy workforce.

Conclusion

The overall public perception was inadequate. Significant difference in terms of quality of services was detected in the presence and absence of a community pharmacist during the crisis. It is recommended that the Order of Pharmacist of Lebanon (OPL) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) undergo further steps mainly to enforce the laws concerning dispensing and storage indicators, improve the services in terms of extending the opening hours, ensure the availability of medicines and increase public awareness.
Synchronization of small-scale seismic clusters reveals large-scale plate deformation
Authors: Karabulut Hayrullah , Bouchon Michel , Schmittbuhl Jean
Published: October 2022

It has long been observed that periods of intense seismic activity in a region alternate with periods of relative quiescence, but establishing whether or not this intermittency is driven by broad-scale physical processes occurring in the Earth, remains a challenge. Here, we address this question of long-range triggering by a large-scale analysis of evolution of the seismicity between 2003 and 2017 in the Anatolia region. Two multi-year periods of synchronous high seismicity rate in 27 seismicity clusters across the Anatolian plate are evidenced before a relatively uniform quiescence period. We argue that two remote tectonic processes are important for the timing of these activities: the 2004 M9.2 Sumatra earthquake and the 2008–2011 episode of slab rollback/deformation in the Hellenic subduction, even if a clear causal mechanism is still lacking.

Graphical Abstract
THE MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF HEART STRUCTURES AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF ROSS-308 BROILER CHICKENS WHEN INTRODUCING THE «KOVELOS-SORB» SORBENT INTO THE MAIN DIET
Authors: Novtseva Evgenia Yu. , Zaitseva Elena V. , Kharlan Alexey L.
Published: October 2022

Background. Currently, the poultry industry is developing quite intensively, this is why the use of various additives that accelerate growth and improve the quality of products is associated with this. The biologically active additive «Kovelos-Sorb» has similar properties – an enterosorbent based on particles of amorphous silicon dioxide.

Purpose. To study the features of morphological adaptation of heart structures and biochemical blood parameters of Ross-308 broiler chickens when introducing the «Kovelos-Sorb» sorbent into the main diet.

Materials and methods. Two groups of Ross-308 broiler chickens were studied from 1 day to 40 days, with a total number of 160 heads from 8 age groups of 10 individuals each. The experimental group of chickens was injected with the sorbent «Kovelos-Sorb» in the amount of 0.1% by weight of feed to the main diet. The study of morphological and biochemical parameters of the broiler organism was carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the morphological structures of the heart (linear measurements – longitudinal size, transverse size, girth, thickness of the epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, thickness of muscle fibers), the volume of cardiomyocyte nuclei, biochemical blood parameters of Ross-308 broiler chickens when added to the main diet of the enterosorbent «Kovelos-Sorb».

Conclusion. It was found that the silicon-containing sorbent «Kovelos-Sorb» has a positive effect on the qualitative morphological characteristics of the heart of Ross-308 broiler chickens, manifested by stabilization of shell structures, in an increase in the thickness of the muscle fibers of the atria and ventricles of the heart.
TIME PERSPECTIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF MILITARY UNIVERSITY CADETS
Authors: Yanitsky Mikhail S. , Utyuganov Alexey A. , Yumatov Vitaly A. , Ivanov Mihail S. , Frolova Larisa V. , Mukhina Anastasia D.
Published: October 2022

Background. The time perspective of the individual acts as an indicator of the psychological health of cadets and is considered from the standpoint of optimizing health-saving technologies in military education. The dynamics of the time perspective of the personality of cadets of the University of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation at different stages of training is analyzed.

Materials and methods. As methods of collecting empirical data, the method “Semantic time differential” by L.I. Wasserman et al., the method “Time Perspective Questionnaire” (ZTPI) by F. Zimbardo were used. The method of statistical comparative analysis using the Student’s T-test was used for quantitative data analysis. In total, 198 cadets of 1-5 courses of the Novosibirsk Military Institute named after General of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard troops took part in the study.

Results. The study shows a significant difference in the indicators of the time perspective of cadets of a military university with normative values, and in some indicators the cadets significantly exceed the normative values, and in some they do not correspond. It is also shown that there are statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the time perspective between cadets at different stages of training, which indicates the dynamics of the indicators of the time perspective.

Conclusion. It is concluded that there are problems with the cadets’ time perspective, which consist in insufficient awareness of the present, insufficient activity in experiencing time and low perceptibility of time at the initial stages of training. It is assumed that the compensatory mechanisms that ensure the preservation of psychological health are increased emotionality in the perception of time.
MEDICAL EFFICACY OF A SPONTANEOUS MEDICO-SOCIAL EXPERIMENT (BY THE EXAMPLE OF COVID-19 REGIONAL PREVENTION)
Authors: Khudonogov Igor Yu. , Kremen Evgeny V. , Kremen Svetlana V. , Koloskova Tatyana A.
Published: October 2022

Relevance: studies of the effectiveness of large-scale medico-social experiments (MSE) are quite rare. On the one hand, MSE is, as a rule, a response to force majeure circumstances, which should not be at all in ordinary live. On the other hand, such experiments, as well as their study, are processes characterized by high cost and considerable duration. Nevertheless, the example of COVID-19 regional prevention shows that coordinated interaction of various parts of the social organism can and should be carried out in a critical situation, that the effectiveness of this interaction should be quantified using integrative indicators of sanitary statistics. This interaction illustrates the spontaneous formation of a regional model of preventive healthcare of the future, which is characterized by active socio-economic and information-cognitive support of the main preventive and (or) treatment and diagnostic process aimed at the population of the region using a wide range of activities, including traditional and new educational technologies.

Gol: to evaluate the medical effectiveness of the first pre-vaccination year of COVID-19 prevention at the regional level using integrative quantitative indicators of sanitary statistics.

Methods: historical, statistical, graphical, linear regression analysis, system analysis and synthesis, organizational and methodological modeling.

Results: the slope coefficients in the linear regression formulas corresponding to the annual growth rate (GR) on the graphs of prevalence and incidence in the studied social groups indicated that in the pre-pandemic years, the prevalence in the population was permanently growing - GR was within from +17 to +49 ‰ per year, and the incidence showed relative stability - GR was in the range from +8 to +12 ‰, and even decreased in the children’s population (-17 ‰ annually). Comprehensive preventive measures of the first pandemic year (2020) reversed the general growth trend and accelerated the process significantly. Thus, incidence GR was in the range from -35 to -257 ‰, and prevalence GR - from -179 to -326 ‰.

Conclusion: preventive measures against COVID-19, carried out in the form of a large-scale MSE, made it possible to introduce at the regional level a model of systemic integrated preventive healthcare of the future, the medical effectiveness of which is many times greater than the previous organizational and methodological model of “autonomous” healthcare, as far as this can be judged by the emerging trends of change integrative indicators of health (prevalence and incidence).
NUTRIENTS CONTENT IN FRUITS OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF GUELDER ROSE (VIBURNUM OPULUS L.) IN CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN SIBERIAN SOUTH
Authors: Borodulina Irina D. , Ershova Inessa V.
Published: October 2022

Guelder rose (V. opulus L., 1753) is a rare garden crop widespread throughout Russia. It is a valuable food and medicinal raw material due to its rich chemical composition. It contains biologically active phenolic compounds, pectin substances, triterpenoids, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, organic acids, and macro- and micro-elements.

The study aimed to investigate the content and variability of soluble solids (SS) and sugars in fruits of V. opulus L. in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia. The research objects are fruits of V. opulus L. of 2 varieties (Taezhnye Rubiny and Avrora) and 15 hybrids. The authors employ the Taezhnye Rubiny variety as a control.

The SS content has been determined by the refractometric method and the mass content of sugars – by direct titration of an aqueous extract. The authors calculate Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) to characterize the growing season. The limits are determined for the accumulation of SS (from 10.2% to 18.2%) and sugars (from 7.3% to 10.0%) and the variability of these features (14% and 10%, respectively).

The number of genotypes with a stable accumulation of SS identified over the years is 82%, and that with high sugar content (8.6%–10.0%) is 35%. The analysis reveals an average adverse correlation between HTC and the accumulation of SS (r=-0.62) and sugars (r=-0.34) in fruits and a strong dependence of these biochemical features on HTC in control (r=0.93, r=0.95).
BLOOD MINERAL PROFILE IN NEWBORN CALVES WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Chernitskiy Anton E. , Tatiana S. Ermilova Tatiana S. , Salimzade Emil A.O. , Safonov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2022

Widespread intrauterine growth retardation of embryo and fetal (IUGR) in cattle and its negative effects on postnatal growth and offspring health threaten the economic sustainability of livestock production. IUGR calves often exhibit birth weight deficits, early death, metabolic abnormalities, low growth rate, and poor feed utilization. Effective correction of these disorders is impossible without a detailed study of the causes, mechanisms of development and consequences of IUGR. In the present work, a comparative analysis of the content of macrominerals and trace elements in the blood of newborn Simmental calves with IUGR (Group I, n = 20) and the physiological course of pregnancy in their mothers (Group II, n = 20) was carried out. Blood for studies in calves was obtained at 1 day of age, before the 4th feeding of colostrum. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in blood serum samples and the content of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and selenium in whole blood samples were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry (AA6300, Shimadzu, Japan). Group I calves had increased serum potassium (by 6.7%, P = 0.022) and magnesium (by 6.3%, P = 0.004) and decreased sodium (by 4.3%, P = 0. 005), reduced whole blood selenium (by 41.0%, P = 0.0001), copper (by 23.6%, P = 0.0001), and manganese (by 23.4%, P = 0.005) compared with Group II animals. The blood content of the other minerals studied did not differ significantly between the groups. The possible causes and consequences of the identified disorders of the mineral blood profile in newborn calves with IUGR were analyzed.
Flying Saucers and UFOs in US Advertising During the Cold War, 1947–1989
Authors: McAllister Matthew P. , Eghigian Greg
Published: October 2022

Abstract: References to and images of flying saucers and UFOs have appeared in US advertising since at least 1947. This project argues ads from 1947–1989 reflected the symbol's fluidity in advertising and influences of the Cold War, UFO knowledge and mythology, and the advertising industry. Six themes are examined: (1) modern fashion and design; (2) technological progress and utopias; (3) little green men as consumers; (4) alarming language and images in ads for flying saucer media; (5) the creation of publicity stunts and camouflaged advertising forms; and (6) in the 1980s, UFOs representing consumer transcendence and awe. Flying saucers and UFOs in ads functioned as "floating signifiers"— as symbols for the fashionable, fanciful, or the frightening—to represent a variety of values and advertising techniques.
Congenital Rift Valley fever in Sprague Dawley rats is associated with diffuse infection and pathology of the placenta
Authors: McMillen Cynthia M. , Boyles Devin A. , Kostadinov Stefan G. , Hoehl Ryan M. , Schwarz Madeline M. , Albe Joseph R. , Demers Matthew J. , Hartman Amy L.
Published: October 2022

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a disease of animals and humans associated with abortions in ruminants and late-gestation miscarriages in women. Here, we use a rat model of congenital RVF to identify tropisms, pathologies, and immune responses in the placenta during vertical transmission. Infection of late-gestation pregnant rats resulted in vertical transmission to the placenta and widespread infection throughout the decidua, basal zone, and labyrinth zone. Some pups from infected dams appeared normal while others had gross signs of teratogenicity including death. Histopathological lesions were detected in placenta from pups regardless of teratogenicity, while teratogenic pups had widespread hemorrhage throughout multiple placenta layers. Teratogenic events were associated with significant increases in placental pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and chemokines. RVFV displays a high degree of tropism for all placental tissue layers and the degree of hemorrhage and inflammatory mediator production is highest in placenta from pups with adverse outcomes. Given the potential for RVFV to emerge in new locations and the recent evidence of emerging viruses, like Zika and SARS-CoV-2, to undergo vertical transmission, this study provides essential understanding regarding the mechanisms by which RVFV crosses the placenta barrier.
Sign language recognition by means of common spatial patterns: An analysis
Authors: Rodríguez-Moreno Itsaso , Martínez-Otzeta José María , Goienetxea Izaro , Sierra Basilio
Published: October 2022

Currently there are around 466 million hard of hearing people and this amount is expected to grow in the coming years. Despite the efforts that have been made, there is a communication barrier between deaf and hard of hearing signers and non-signers in environments without an interpreter. Different approaches have been developed lately to try to deal with this issue. In this work, we present an Argentinian Sign Language (LSA) recognition system which uses hand landmarks extracted from videos of the LSA64 dataset in order to distinguish between different signs. Different features are extracted from the signals created with the hand landmarks values, which are first transformed by the Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) algorithm. CSP is a dimensionality reduction algorithm and it has been widely used for EEG systems. The features extracted from the transformed signals have been then used to feed different classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) or Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Several experiments have been performed from which promising results have been obtained, achieving accuracy values between 0.90 and 0.95 on a set of 42 signs.
Altered microvasculature in pancreatic islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Granlund Louise , Hedin Anders , Korsgren Olle , Skog Oskar , Lundberg Marcus
Published: October 2022

Aims

The transcriptome of different dissociated pancreatic islet cells has been described in enzymatically isolated islets in both health and disease. However, the isolation, culturing, and dissociation procedures likely affect the transcriptome profiles, distorting the biological conclusions. The aim of the current study was to characterize the cells of the islets of Langerhans from subjects with and without type 1 diabetes in a way that reflects the in vivo situation to the highest possible extent.

Methods

Islets were excised using laser capture microdissection directly from frozen pancreatic tissue sections obtained from organ donors with (n = 7) and without (n = 8) type 1 diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of excised samples was performed using AmpliSeq. Consecutive pancreatic sections were used to estimate the proportion of beta-, alpha-, and delta cells using immunofluorescence and to examine the presence of CD31 positive endothelial regions using immunohistochemistry.

Results

The proportion of beta cells in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes was reduced to 0% according to both the histological and transcriptome data, and several alterations in the transcriptome were derived from the loss of beta cells. In total, 473 differentially expressed genes were found in the islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that several of the most upregulated gene sets were related to vasculature and angiogenesis, and histologically, vascular density was increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Downregulated in type 1 diabetes islets was the gene set epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Conclusion

A number of transcriptional alterations are present in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. In particular, several gene sets related to vasculature and angiogenesis are upregulated and there is an increased vascular density, suggesting an altered microvasculature in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. By studying pancreatic islets extracted directly from snap-frozen pancreatic tissue, this study reflects the in vivo situation to a high degree and gives important insights into islet pathophysiology in type 1 diabetes.
Antibiotic resistance profiles and activity of clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated of canine otitis
Authors: Costa Larissa Vieira , Moreira Janaina Marcela Assunção Rosa , de Godoy Menezes Isabela , Dutra Valéria , de Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often isolated from acute and chronic otitis and deep pyoderma in dogs. The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics induced the need for alternative therapies to treat infections, with an emphasis on essential oils (EOs). This study aimed to investigate clove oil's in vitro bactericidal action as a therapeutic alternative against strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from canine otitis.

Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of clove oil was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the broth microdilution technique in 96-well plates. Serial concentrations of 10–0.31% of the oil were used, equivalent to 104.5–3.26 mg/mL. The susceptibility of isolates to different classes of antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion technique using 20 antibiotics belonging to eight classes. Isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic of three different classes were considered multidrug-resistant (MDR).

Results: A high occurrence of resistance was observed for three antibiotics belonging to the cephalosporin classes (cefadroxil, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone), namely, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprime, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin. The lowest resistance rates were observed for meropenem (4.88%), amikacin (12.20%), and tobramycin (12.2%). All isolates were susceptible to clove oil with an equivalent MIC and MBC from 3.26 to 6.53 mg/mL. Eugenol was the major component of the oil.

Conclusion: Clove EO was effective against MDR strains of P. aeruginosa, indicating an alternative for developing an efficient and low-cost antimicrobial agent to treat canine otitis.
Analisis Pembelajaran Kontekstual berbasis Bahan Alam Pada Penentuan Kadar Vitamin C Daun Katuk (Sauropus Androgynus) sebagai Alternatif Sumber Belajar Kimia
Authors: Muna Laili
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis bahan alam yang menghubungkan situasi kehidupan nyata kedalam kegiatan pembelajaran perlu diterapkan guna meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar vitamin C daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus) setelah mengalami variasi waktu perebusan serta menganalisis kesesuaian materi kimia SMA/MA dalam proses penentuan kadar vitamin C. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed-methods research). Kadar vitamin C daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus) ditentukan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif metode titrasi redoks iodimetri melalui percobaan sederhana laboratorium dan analisis ANOVA single factor untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanasan terhadap kadar vitamin C sampel. Analisis kurikulum 2013 materi kimia SMA/MA, distribusi materi serta pemaparan keterkaitan materi dalam proses penentuan kadar vitamin C dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan telaah kurikulum dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan dan perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa hasil kadar vitamin C pada sampel maserasi sebesar 14,0346 % b/v dan setelah perlakuan variasi waktu perebusan secara signifikan mengalami penurunan kadar dari 11,7466 % b/v (pemanasan 3 menit) menjadi 9,7606 % b/v (pemanasan 5 menit) dan semakin turun menjadi 6,5574 % b/v (pemanasan 10 menit). Adapun berdasarkan analisis kajian kurikulum terhadap keterkaitan proses penentuan kadar vitamin C menunjukkan bahwa proses penentuan kadar vitamin C daun katuk menggunakan metode titrasi redoks iodimetri sangat berpotensi untuk diterapkan sebagai sumber belajar kimia kontekstual berbasis bahan alam. Konsep-konsep dalam proses penentuan kadar vitamin C sesuai dan relevan dengan materi pembelajaran kimia SMA/MA Kurikulum 2013 di sekolah.
Pengembangan Buku Pengayaan Kewirausahaan Materi Aspek Biokimia Hasil Pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Untuk Siswa SMA/MA
Authors: Aisyah Siti
Published: October 2022

Kewirausahaan merupakan aspek penting yang harus dimiliki lulusan SMA agar mengurangi jumlah pengangguran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku pengayaan kewirausahaan materi aspek biokimia hasil pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D yang terdiri atas tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Produk divalidasi dan dinilai oleh satu dosen ahli materi, satu dosen ahli media, tiga guru SMA, serta direspon oleh sepuluh siswa SMA. Penilaian kualitas produk dilakukan menggunakan lembar angket skala Likert, sedangkan respon siswa dilakukan menggunakan lembar angket skala Guttman. Hasil penilaian kualitas produk oleh ahli materi mendapatkan persentase 93,33% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB), penilaian produk oleh ahli media mendapatkan persentase 80,00% dengan kategori Baik (B), dan penilaian produk oleh  guru SMA mendapatkan persentase 81,73% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB). Produk direspon positif oleh siswa dengan persentase sebesar 89% sehingga buku pengayaan yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kewirausahaan siswa SMA pada pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO)