bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A - 55 Boosting Positive Emotion in Caregivers: Moderators of a Positive Psychological Intervention
Authors: Maynard Taylor , Stephens Jacquelyn , Dowling Glenna , Moskowitz Judith T
Published: October 2023

Objective

There are numerous negative health effects associated with dementia caregiving, including increased stress and depression. Positive emotion interventions could improve health and psychological outcomes for caregivers. The present study was a secondary analysis of data from the Life Enhancing Activities for Family Caregivers (LEAF) trial (R01NR014435). LEAF is an evidence-based intervention designed to increase positive emotion in caregivers.

Method

Using multiple linear regression, data from the LEAF trial (n = 170 community-dwelling caregivers) were examined to identify which caregiver characteristics moderated LEAF outcomes (positive emotion, negative emotion, positive aspects of caregiving) over time.

Results

Length of time caregiving significantly moderated the effect of positive emotion from baseline to post-intervention, such that longer-term caregivers in the LEAF intervention group experienced greater increases in positive emotion compared to longer-term caregivers in the emotion-reporting waitlist control group (B = 0.119, t = 2.1, p < 0.05). Moreover, gender moderated positive emotion, such that males in the intervention group and females in the waitlist control group experienced greater increases in positive emotion over time than males in the waitlist control group and females in the intervention group, respectively (R2 = 0.06, F[3, 139] = [2.75], p = <0.05). No other effects were found. Results suggest that length of time caregiving and gender play an important role in the extent to which dementia caregivers benefit from positive emotion interventions.

Conclusions

This study assists in identifying caregivers for whom positive emotion interventions work best, suggests ways that the intervention should be tailored to match caregiver characteristics, and targets outcomes most impacted according to caregivers’ individual differences.
A - 66 Non-Fluent/Agrammatic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (Nappa) in a Bilingual Chinese Speaker: a Single-Case Study
Authors: Zhang Belinda Y , Peery Shelley
Published: October 2023

Objective

The non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome associated with agrammatism in language production and effortful speech (Gorno-Tempini et al., 2011). There is limited literature on PPA in non-English speakers and few clinical cases of bilingual naPPA have been described (Tee et al., 2022; Zanini et al., 2011). Characteristics of symptoms in orthographic languages, such as Chinese, are not well understood (Ting et al., 2017). This case describes the assessment of naPPA in a bilingual Mandarin Chinese speaker.

Method

A 66-year-old Asian male with 16 years of education complained of worsening aphasia in both languages over two years with initial preferential sparing of Chinese. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered mostly in Chinese with select subtests in English. Language functioning was assessed with the Bilingual Aphasia Screening Test (Paradis & Libben, 1987).

Results

Agrammatism and apraxia of speech was present in both languages. Single-word comprehension and object knowledge was preserved, while comprehension of complex commands was impaired. Lexical discrimination of real and nonsense words was preserved. Delayed memory was impaired with relative improvement upon recognition. Attention, processing speed, visuospatial skills, and motor functioning were preserved. Mood was euthymic.

Conclusions

This case revealed deficits in both languages with slower decline of the dominant language, suggesting that the less proficient language in bilinguals is more vulnerable to degeneration in naPPA.
A - 70 Age of First Exposure to Contact Sports and Later-in-Life Brain Health in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Jo Jacob , Wong Gunther , Rigney Grant , Davis Phil , Zuckerman Scott L , Terry Douglas P
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To evaluate whether earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to contact sports is associated with worse long-term brain health outcomes in a cohort of community-dwelling older men.

Methods

Older men with prior history of contact sport participation completed a survey assessing brain health outcomes in various areas, including well-validated measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), cognitive difficulties (bc-CCI), and neurobehavioral symptoms (NSI). Endorsements of general health problems (e.g., sleep, pain, headaches), motor symptoms (dysarthria, balance, falls, tremor), and psychiatric history were also collected. The cohort was dichotomized by AFE (< 12 years vs. ≥12 years). AFE groups were compared using t-tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariable linear regressions. Regression covariates included age, number of prior concussions, and total years of contact sport.

Results

Of 69 men aged 70.5 ± 8.0 years, approximately one-third of the sample (34.8%) reported exposure to contact sports before the age of 12. That group had more years of contact sports (10.8 ± 9.2 years) compared to those with AFE ≥12 years (5.6 ± 4.5 years; p = 0.02). No differences were found after univariate testing between the AFE groups on all brain health outcomes, including psychiatric, cognitive, and neurobehavioral symptoms (p-values >0.05). Multivariable linear models showed that AFE was not a predictor of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7). Those in the AFE < 12 group had fewer cognitive difficulties on the bc-CCI (β = 0.29, p = 0.03) and fewer neurobehavioral symptoms on the NSI (β = 0.29, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

In a cohort of community-dwelling older men, those with AFE < 12 to contact sports did not have worse long-term brain health outcomes compared to those with AFE ≥12.
A - 72 Neuropsychological Test Performance in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients with and without Subjective Cognitive Complaints
Authors: Russell Sydney , Novak Alexandra , Eagan Danielle
Published: October 2023

Objective

This cross-sectional study measured cognitive performance in mild–moderate COVID-19 patients with and without self-reported persistent cognitive complaints, while accounting for demographic variables, cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and mood symptoms. We hypothesized that individuals with persistent cognitive complaints would demonstrate lower global cognitive composite scores compared to those without.

Method

67 adults aged 24–83 completed in-person neuropsychological testing in a hospital setting in Phoenix, Arizona.

Inclusion

PCR-confirmed COVID-19 within 24 months before evaluation and no pre-existing neurological conditions. The Long COVID (LC) group included those with persistent cognitive symptoms 4+ weeks after infection; COVID-positive Controls (CC) included those with prior infection but without persistent cognitive symptoms. Demographic information, CVD risk factors, and psychiatric history were collected. Neuropsychological evaluation included performance validity testing and validated measures of attention, language, visuospatial ability, executive function, and memory. T-scores from each domain were averaged to create a global cognitive composite score.

Results

Gender, age, race (white/non-white), mood disorder, and CVD were equivalent across groups. Education was significantly higher in the LC group, t(65) = 2.737, p = 0.008, and was included as a covariate in the model to account for differences in cognitive reserve. With this adjustment, there was not a statistically significant difference in global composite scores between groups, F(1, 64) = 0.13, p = 0.911, partial η2 = 0.000.

Conclusion

Cognitive performance did not differ between LC and CC groups when demographics, cardiovascular risk, and mood symptoms were held constant, suggesting that other factors influence the development of persistent cognitive complaints in mild–moderate COVID-19 patients.
A - 74 You’ve Got a Friend in me: the Importance of a Confidant and its Role on Health and Well-Being among Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Strober Lauren B , Weber Erica , Ngai Kristen
Published: October 2023

Objective

The role of social support or connectedness on health is profound. While this has been known for some time, recent reports of the role of social activity on mortality, general health, cognition, and well-being have suggested that it may play a larger role than the known culprits of poor outcomes (e.g., smoking, diet, exercise). The present study looked at the role of social support among women with multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically whether one felt that they had a friend to confide in.

Methods

One hundred and sixty women with MS completed measures of general health, MS symptomatology, and well-being. Participants also completed the Community Integration Questionnaire in which they were asked if they had a close friend that they could confide in. Thirty (19%) reported that they did not (Confidant -). We compared these women to those that did (Confidant +).

Results

There were no differences between the groups on age, education, relationship status, disease course or duration. The Confidant – group reported worse general, physical, and mental health and greater fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance (p’s < 0.05). They also reported greater depression and anxiety and worse satisfaction with life and psychological well-being (p’s < 0.001). Consistent with this, they reported lower perceived social support and partner satisfaction (p’s < 0.001).

Conclusion

The simple question of “Do you have a best friend” was a large determinant in individuals’ health and well-being. Findings urge practitioners to inquire about one’ social network and support and assist individuals in assuring greater social connectedness in hopes of maintaining or improving one’s health.
A - 75 Neuropsychological Consequences of Anoxic Encephalopathy Pursuant to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Whynot Delaney , Fischer T , Keniston A , Lewandowski A , Briggs K
Published: October 2023

Objective

Myocardial infarctions (MI) often result in irreversible muscle damage to the heart and difficulty returning to daily activities. While the physical consequences of acute cardiac events are well documented in the medical literature (Lesperance et al., 1996), there is less research identifying the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences of MI (Brink et al., 2008) particularly when complicated by anoxia and unresponsiveness.

Method

We present a case study of a 54-year-old right-handed male with 12 years of education referred for neuropsychological assessment pursuant to mental status changes following a MI with an estimated 25–30 minutes of unresponsiveness and subsequent diagnosis of anoxic encephalopathy, supported by neuroimaging, which is also positive for a 4 mm pituitary tumor.

Results

Neuropsychological assessment revealed difficulties with cognitive efficiency, sequencing, language production, phonemic fluency, and memory. Performance was also inconsistent with age- and education-weighted norms, and therefore did not reflect a normal aging profile. An objective psychological inventory (PAI) revealed negative self-evaluation, a focus on health matters, acute stress, and substance concerns. Additionally, an endorsement of social isolation, discomfort in social interactions, and a readiness to express anger verbally was indicated. Findings supported diagnosis of cognitive impairment associated with anoxic brain injury from above noted MI.

Conclusion

This case provides an example of the neuropsychological consequences of anoxic encephalopathy from MI on cognitive, emotional and behavioral functioning. It also supports the need for awareness of bodily health within the context of overall cognitive health. It emphasizes the benefits of integrating physiological and neurocognitive symptoms when conceptualizing patients with cardiac arrest.
A - 76 Association between Sleep Apnea Risk and Cognitive Performance in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): Evidence from the Glucog Study
Authors: Zuniga-Kennedy Miranda , Hawks Zoë W , Jung Laneé , Hansen Devon , Germine Laura , Chaytor Naomi S
Published: October 2023

Objective

Evidence suggests that individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience higher rates of sleep apnea compared to the general population, which may contribute to higher rates of cognitive dysfunction in T1D.

Method

206 participants with T1D (mean [range] age = 45.48 [18–84] years, 53.40% female, 60.20% college degree or higher, mean [range] HbA1c = 7.5 [5.1–12.3] %) were recruited from four diabetes centers. Measures included 10 self-administered online cognitive tasks (testmybrain.org) that assessed nonverbal reasoning, visual working memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, visual memory, sustained attention, and basic psychomotor speed, as well as the STOP-BANG inventory to assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk. Correlation coefficients and partial correlations were used to examine the relationship between OSA risk and cognitive performance.

Results

20.39% of the sample was at high risk for OSA. Higher STOP-BANG scores were significantly correlated with poorer performance on digit symbol coding, flicker change detection, matrix reasoning, multiple object tracking, visual paired associates, gradCPT, letter-number switching, and choice reaction time r(204) = −0.15 to −0.42, p < 0.01. After controlling for age, OSA risk was associated with poorer performance on matrix reasoning, pr(203) = −0.16, p = 0.02, and visual paired associates pr(203) = − 0.14, p = 0.04.

Conclusions

Findings revealed an association between OSA risk and poorer performance on measures of nonverbal reasoning and visual memory that persisted after controlling for age. Future research is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which OSA risk impacts cognitive performance in this population.
A - 79 Coping and Psychological Well-Being among Persons with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: the Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Bradson Megan , Thomas Garrett , Arnett Peter A , Strober Lauren
Published: October 2023

Objective

To explore self-efficacy as a possible mediator in the relationship between adaptive coping and psychological well-being (PWB) in persons with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Method

174 persons with RRMS (95% Female) completed an online survey consisting of psychosocial questionnaires. The COPE Inventory was used to create an adaptive coping composite that accounts for the relative contributions of both active and avoidant coping. Self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scales captured several domains of PWB: Positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test whether self-efficacy mediated the association between adaptive coping and each PWB subscale, using 5000 bootstrap samples to estimate confidence intervals.

Results

In each mediational model, adaptive coping significantly predicted each PWB subscale and self-efficacy (all p’s ≤ 0.001). Self-efficacy significantly predicted each PWB subscale (p ≤ 0.001). After controlling for self-efficacy, the associations between adaptive coping and positive relations with others (indirect effect = 0.021, 95% CI [0.011, 0.033]) and autonomy (indirect effect = 0.019, 95% CI [0.011, 0.028]) became non-significant. The separate associations between adaptive coping and purpose in life (p = 0.004), self-acceptance (p = 0.026), and personal growth (p < 0.001) remained significant, despite controlling for self-efficacy.

Conclusions

Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationships between adaptive coping and positive relations with others and autonomy in our sample of persons with RRMS. Interventions aimed at increasing adaptive coping skills and self-efficacy may improve relations with others and autonomy among persons with MS.
A - 81 Neuroimaging Application to Determine the Prevalence of Neurological Manifestations Amongst Adult Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review
Authors: Centeno Carmin A , Tapia Glariangeliz , Castillo Ismael J
Published: October 2023

Objective

Recent reports of central nervous system involvement in Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) have prompted an interest in studying the neurological impact of COVID-19 (e.g., anosmia, headaches, cognitive impairments). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of neurologic complications amongst adult patients with COVID-19 implementing structural and functional neuroimaging techniques and to describe the associated neurological manifestations.

Data Selection

A systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted to explore literature related to COVID-19 effect on brain structure and functioning. The data for this review was collected from EBSCOHost and ProQuest. Relevant articles were screened according to pre-defined inclusion criteria from December 2019 to March 2022 (patients with COVID-19, structural and functional neuroimaging, and neuroimaging findings associated with COVID-19). Data extraction was performed to obtain relevant information from the selected studies. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the research evidence using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool for Prevalence Studies. 36 articles met our inclusion criteria. After the critical appraisal, 16 studies were excluded from the study.

Data Synthesis

Data analysis combined qualitative analysis and descriptive measures for the 20 included articles that reported neuroimaging findings in COVID-19 patients were included. Many of the articles were retrospective observational studies. The most common neurological manifestations were cerebrovascular accidents (18/20; 90%) and white matter abnormalities (7/20; 35%).

Conclusions

Abnormal neuroimaging findings in COVID-19 patients suggest that performing neuroimaging studies in patients in which neurological complications are suspected may be of great importance. Further research should employ functional neuroimaging techniques to identify the neurological manifestations.
A - 83 Associations between Subjective and Objective Cognition, Depression, and Quality of Life in Men Living with HIV
Authors: Collette Christopher , Del Bene Victor A , Kamath Vidyulata , Jacob Alexandra , Fazeli Pariya , Vance David E
Published: October 2023

Objective

In people living with HIV, subjective cognitive dysfunction is widely reported; however, few studies have examined the relationship between subjective cognitive functioning and performance-based measures of cognitive functioning, mood, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Men living with HIV (MLWH) (n = 51, mean age = 54 years, 67% Black) completed measures of subjective cognitive functioning (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire; CFQ), objective cognitive performance (HVLT-R, TMT, UFOV, WRAT-3 Reading), health-related QoL (Medical Outcomes Short-Form; SF-36), mood (CES-D), and overall QoL (Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure Quality of Life Scale; CASP-19). Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to examine significant associations between variables. Alpha was set at 0.01 for all analyses.

Results

The CFQ was not significantly correlated with performance on objective cognitive tests. However, significant associations were found between the CFQ and self-reported depression severity (CES-D; r = 0.655, p < 0.001), quality of life (CASP-19; r = −0.642, p < 0.001), and multiple subscales of the SF-36 (all p’s < 0.003). Of note, correlations between the CFQ with SF-36 scales and CASP-19 were no longer significant after controlling for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Consistent with prior work, we found that subjective cognitive functioning may inadequately capture the full range of a person’s cognitive functioning status. We extend these findings to a sample of MLWH and further clarify the possible influence that depressive symptoms have on subjective cognitive functioning and self-reported QoL measures. Future studies with larger samples and a more comprehensive neuropsychological battery will be helpful in understanding the full nature of these relationships.
A - 84 Neuropsychological Phenotypes of FDG-PET Identified Corticobasal Degeneration Pathology
Authors: Fernandes David , Coulehan Kelly , Roseman Emily , Lebowitz Brian , Sucich Kai , Preston Thomas , Bangiyev Lev , Franceschi Dinko , Viqar Fawad
Published: October 2023

Objective

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), a rare neurodegenerative disorder, can present with diverse clinical phenotypes. This qualitative case series examines clinical progression of neuropsychological findings associated with CBD identified pathology on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).

Method

Three clinically referred older adults underwent neuropsychological assessment prior to and after FDG-PET. All patients reported subjective memory complaints. Patient A: 67-year-old female with swallowing difficulty. Patient B: 83-year-old male with decreased balance. Patient C: 77-year-old male with gait disturbance. Neuropsychological re-evaluations occurred at 64, 19, and 17 months, respectively. Radiological interpretations of FDG-PET hypometabolism were reviewed. Clinically significant changes were defined as >1 standard deviation discrepancy from baseline performance.

Results

Patients A & C had predominant right hemisphere hypometabolism, and Patient B had predominantly left hemisphere hypometabolism. Patient A: hypometabolism for R > L frontoparietal, right temporal and occipital regions. Neuropsychological declines in left fine motor control/speed, attention, visual memory, and semantic fluency. Patient B: hypometabolism for left temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital regions. Neuropsychological declines in semantic fluency and set-shifting. Patient C: hypometabolism for diffuse right hemisphere, including thalamus and basal ganglia. Neuropsychological declines in verbal learning and memory. There were no significant neuropsychological improvements for Patients A or C. Significant neuropsychological improvement for Patient B was evident for verbal memory and naming.

Conclusions

The present case series highlights the diverse clinical presentation associated with CBD identified pathology on FDG-PET. Further studies are needed to characterize clinical phenotypes of CBD as they relate to quantitative FDG-PET pathology.
A - 88 Parkinson’s Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Device Settings: Effects of Amplitude, Pulse Width, and Frequency on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Ferguson Hayden D , Coolbrith Nicole , Krengel Maxine , Bennett Kazia , Lawson Jordan , Ciccone Keith J , Hohler Anna D , Piryatinsky Irene
Published: October 2023

Objective

Frontal systems decline after DBS for Parkinson’s disease has been consistently reported, with high frequency settings (>130 Hz) correlating with decreased executive functioning and verbal fluency. The present study replicates and expands upon these findings.

Method

Six DBS recipients underwent standardized pre/post-surgical neuropsychological testing. Two-tailed T-tests assessed changes in cognitive scores. Correlational analyses explored relationships between cognitive scores and UPDRS, H&Y, and stimulator settings (amplitude, pulse width, and frequency).

Results

All participants underwent bilateral STN stimulation. Pre/post averages were: UPDRS (43.0 and 26.2) and H&Y (2.7 and 2.3) with average stimulator settings of amplitude (2.7 V), pulse width (60.8 μs), and frequency (151.7 Hz). Pre/post neuropsychological testing revealed significant decline on the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (p = <0.01) with an average raw score decline of 3.17 points. All other cognitive scores showed non-significant improvement (p-value range = 0.22–0.89). H&Y change significantly correlated with semantic fluency (r = 0.96). UPDRS change significantly correlated with motoric processing speed (r = 0.91), semantic fluency (r = −0.93), and confrontation naming (r = −0.86). Stimulator amplitude significantly correlated with auditory attention (r = 0.82); simple planning (r = 0.96); and verbal memory (r = −0.86). Stimulator frequency significantly correlated with auditory attention (r = 0.87), simple planning (r = 0.97), and verbal memory (r = −0.96). Simulator pulse width was not significant.

Conclusion

The study examines effects of bilateral STN stimulation on cognitive outcomes in patients with PD. A significant improvement in motor function was accompanied by a significant decline in performance on upper motor bilateral dexterity and inhibition. Correlation analysis shows the relationship between changes in cognition and motor function, as well as the correlation between stimulator settings and specific cognitive functions.
A - 90 Assessment Methods for Anxiety in Epilepsy
Authors: Freglette Cameryn , Barr William
Published: October 2023

Objective

Anxiety is disproportionately common in people with epilepsy, however, the optimal tool to screen for assessment of anxiety in epilepsy has not been definitively established. This study aims to assess if a long questionnaire such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is necessary for identifying and quantifying anxiety symptoms in patients with epilepsy or if the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) will suffice as a screening measure.

Method

Retrospective data were analyzed from a neuropsychology registry of patients with epilepsy (N = 317; 136 male, 181 female). As proposed by Kenfack et al, 2022, patients that scored ≥16 on the BAI were cross tabulated with patients identified by the MMPI-2-RF as having T-scores ≥65 on scales EID (emotional/internalizing dysfunction), RC7 (dysfunctional negative emotions), STW (stress/worry), AXY (anxiety), and RC1(somatic complaints). Multiple chi square tests with alpha set at.05 were performed to examine the relationship between BAI and MMPI-2-RF indices in identifying anxiety in patients with epilepsy.

Results

As shown in Table 1, scores above the cutoff on the BAI were significantly associated with scores falling above the cutoffs for all of the MMPI-2-RF anxiety indices (EID, RC1, RC7, STW, & AXY).

Conclusion

The diagnostic value of the BAI is similar to that of MMPI-2-RF subscales commonly used to assess anxiety. The findings provide support for using the BAI for screening anxiety symptoms in patients with epilepsy undergoing neuropsychological assessment. Keywords: Anxiety, Epilepsy, MMPI-2-RF, BAI.
A - 91 Serial Neuropsychological Evaluations of a Woman with Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Immunotherapy Treatment
Authors: Greenfield Naomi , McGinley John , Weiss Erica F , Bronshteyn Diana , Facchini Ronda , Stimmel Marnina B
Published: October 2023

Objective

Neuropsychiatric System Lupus Erythematosus (NP-SLE) is a subtype of SLE characterized by chronic or episodic neurologic and/or psychiatric central nervous system features. The neuropsychological profile of NP-SLE is not well-established. Here we present serial evaluations of a woman with confirmed NP-SLE who underwent subsequent medical intervention. This case study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating the role neuropsychology plays in the care of patients with NP-SLE.

Method

This was an evaluation of a 25-year-old woman with NP-SLE. Initial testing took place inpatient prior to treatment with immunotherapy treatment subsequent evaluations were outpatient at 1 month, 4 months and 8 months post-treatment.

Results

Inpatient evaluation revealed a woman of at least average premorbid abilities with suboptimal performances across cognitive domains including reduced speed of processing and notable difficulty with planning and organization. Evaluation 1 month later evidenced worsening cognitive and motoric performances across tasks which led to adjustment of medical management. Evaluation at 4 months demonstrated a positive trend and some improved cognitive functioning; 8-month evaluation confirmed improvement in global cognition and functioning with suspected return to premorbid abilities.

Conclusions

This case provides an example of NP-SLE neuropsychological profile over time and demonstrates the beneficial impact of correct diagnosis and medical regimen. It also highlights the role of serial neuropsychological assessment in the management of complex neurological disease.
A - 93 The Impact of Motivation on Neuropsychological Performance in Chronic Cannabis Users
Authors: Hirst Rayna , Hopper Jakob , Vaughn Dylan , Sodos Louise , Rosen Alexis , Gretler Julie , Arastu Sana , Pilavjian Haig
Published: October 2023

Objective

Cannabis is one of the most widely used substances, and although the literature shows that it affects users’ cognition, it is unclear how much that impact is affected by factors such as motivation. Previous studies utilizing validity measures showed that user motivation to perform well positively impacts California Verbal Learning Test – II performance, which was higher in cannabis users who completed it immediately after a motivational statement (Macher & Earleywine, 2012). In the present study, the authors altered the order of test administration to further delineate the role motivation plays in cannabis user performance on neuropsychological measures.

Method

Participants (48 cannabis users, 23 nonusers) completed a neuropsychological battery, including performance validity measures, with random assignment to a motivational or neutral condition. The test order was altered to evaluate whether a motivational statement had an effect on any subsequent test administered or a lasting effect throughout the battery.

Results

Analyses revealed significant differences in performance, with users in the motivational condition performing better than users in the neutral condition on the Block Design (p = 0.006, partial eta squared = 0.157) and Digit Symbol Coding (p = 0.011, partial eta squared = 0.137) subtests of the WAIS-III (both indicating large effect sizes). Nonusers in the neutral condition performed better than nonusers in the motivational condition on multiple subtests.

Conclusion

Results indicate that cannabis users exposed to the motivational statement performed better than those given a neutral statement on several neuropsychological tests. Findings suggest that cannabis users can demonstrate better cognitive performance when sufficiently motivated.
A - 95 State of the Science Systematic Review of the Neuropsychology of Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Jimenez Tina , Nosker Jennifer , Jones-Medina Jenny , Del Bene Victor , Mullen Christine , Murriel Emily , Randolph Brittney
Published: October 2023

Objective

Organ failure is associated with cognitive dysfunction; however, the acute and longitudinal effects of different types of organ failure and transplantation on cognition have yet to be fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to identify evidence for key neurocognitive profiles by organ type among pre- and post-transplant patients and identify health and behavior factors that may influence cognition in transplant populations.

Data Selection

PubMed, EMBASE, and PsychInfo database systemic searches were performed. The primary inclusion criteria were adult patients, peer-reviewed articles, full-organ transplant, and neuropsychological test results. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two authors following PRISMA criteria.

Data Synthesis

A total of 737 abstracts were screened, 237 full-text articles were reviewed for relevance in the second-level screening process, and a total of 125 articles were thoroughly reviewed and included. The number of studies by organ type included the following: liver (62), kidney (30), cardiac (17), lung (12), and multi-organ (4). Available research reported diffuse impairments in liver and cardiac transplant candidates, more circumscribed deficits (i.e., attention, executive functioning, and memory) in kidney transplant candidates, and few cognitive impairments among lung transplant candidates. Post-transplant research showed notable improvement across all organ recipients.

Conclusion

Results appear to be impacted by disease severity and demographic variables, with older age more often associated with worse cognitive performance over time. Results highlight the several literature gaps that can be improved with further transplant neuropsychology research.
A - 97 Anticholinergic Burden Scales Are Not Created Equal: Differential Relationships to Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kenney Lauren E , Santos Lauren G , Ray Alyssa , Paredes Alfredo A , Ratajska Adrianna M , Eversole Kara , Bowers Dawn
Published: October 2023

Objective

Cognitive changes are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). While previous research suggests greater anticholinergic medication use relates to worse broad cognition in PD, its domain-specific relationships remain unknown. This study compared three anticholinergic scales to examine their relationship to worse memory and executive function in individuals with PD.

Method

Participants included 493 non-demented individuals with PD (mean age = 65.74, SD = 9.04; mean education = 15.0, SD = 2.79; 72% male; 94% White (non-Hispanic)) from a movement disorders specialty clinic. Medications were identified via chart review. Each medication was scored (0–3) and summed using three scales: Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACBS). Cognitive composites averaged normative z-scores: Executive Function (EF; Trails B, Stroop Color-Word, Letter Fluency) and Memory (HVLT-R and WMS-III Logical Memory delayed recalls). Analyses included Bonferroni-adjusted, bootstrapped Spearman correlations.

Results

The three scales were significantly related, but with only fair agreement (Kendall’s W(2) = 0.37, p < 0.001). Worse memory related to higher cholinergic burden on only the ACBS (r = −0.10, p = 0.02). Exploratory analyses indicated sex differences in the relationship between cognition and anticholinergic burden. For men, worse memory related to higher scores on both the ACBS (r = −0.11, p = 0.04) and ARS (r = −0.11, p = 0.045). For women, higher ACBS scores related to worse EF (r = −0.18, p = 0.03), whereas higher ADS scores related to worse memory and EF (r = −0.18, p = 0.04; r = −0.26, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Anticholinergic burden scales differentially related to cognitive performance in PD, with only ACBS showing a significant relationship to memory. Exploratory analyses suggest that scales may have differential relationships to memory and EF in men and women.
A - 98 Neuropsychological Case Study: Retrograde Memory Loss of Significant Events for a Young Male with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Kim Emily H , Schulze Evan T
Published: October 2023

Objective

We present the neuropsychological profile of a 40-year-old male with a history of antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS) identified in 2012, followed by multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), including precerebral artery embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The presenting concern was decline in recalling significant remote events that appeared to be temporally unrelated.

Method

Referral from neurology to conduct a comprehensive neuropsychological re-evaluation to assist with treatment planning and aid in diagnostic clarity given cognitive changes since the patient’s previous evaluation in 2018. Prior hospitalizations were in the context of multiple CVAs. In addition to neuropsychological assessment, chart review and clinical interview were conducted.

Results

The patient’s cognitive profile was largely preserved. However, acquisition of information was generally reduced currently and relative to 2018, which may have impacted his delayed recall performances, albeit many delayed recall scores were within normal limits and recognition memory was intact. Basic auditory attention, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, visuoconstruction, and executive functions remained intact. Self-report psychological questionnaires indicated minimal mood symptoms.

Conclusion

The patient exhibited cognitive decline over a 5-year interval in the absence of new CVAs or mood symptoms. Despite cognitive difficulties being reported in 11 to 60% of APS patients, the low estimated prevalence of APS (between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000) presents a challenge in arriving at a consensus regarding the cognitive profile correlates. The results of this case report are a valuable addition to the existing literature and underscore the necessity for additional research on cognitive difficulties and neuropsychological profile of individuals with APS.
A - 100 Contributions to the Understanding of the Neuropsychological Profile of Adult Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients
Authors: Kocas H Deniz , Barr William B
Published: October 2023

Objective

While there is ample evidence on the neuropsychological profile of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), less is known about adults with this condition. We present the cognitive profile of a 53-year-old female diagnosed with NF1 in early childhood. Her history included developmental delays in coordination and walking, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and recently diagnosed breast cancer.

Method

The patient presented for a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment for concerns related to her job performance within the last two years. She reported: 1) difficulty staying focused and on task, 2) increased forgetfulness, and 3) misplacing things.

Results

Intellectual functioning was well-preserved. In the executive functioning domain, difficulties were observed in novel problem-solving and organizational skills. Performances on processing speed tests varied, which may have been due to challenges in approaching novel tasks. There was also variation in visual construction skills, however, her low score was likely due to difficulties with executive skills and bilateral motor weakness. She reported mild symptoms of depression and anxiety, and high levels of adult and childhood ADHD.

Conclusions

There were several mild relative cognitive weaknesses which were likely a reflection of long-standing ADHD symptoms, secondary to the NF1 diagnosis. In particular, her cognitive profile demonstrated challenges with higher-order executive functions, most notably novel problem-solving. The cumulative impact of other factors, including breast cancer and hormonal changes associated with perimenopause, might also be contributing to the neuropsychological profile. Additionally, her cognitive symptoms are likely exacerbated by her reported chronic low mood.
A - 103 Persistent Longitudinal Differences in Cognition between Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Marshall Rachel , Brearly Timothy W , Huang Xuemei , Lewis Mechelle M , Eslinger Paul J
Published: October 2023

Objective

Cross-sectional studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have identified cognitive differences between men with PD (MPD) and women with PD (WPD) at single time points. WPD generally outperform MPD on global cognition, memory, executive functions, verbal fluency, and processing speed measures, whereas MPD perform better on visuospatial tasks. Little is known about sex-based differences in PD cognition longitudinally. This study examined neurocognitive profiles in WPD, MPD, and health controls (HC) over three years.

Method

Participants were 26 PD (16 WPD, 10 MPD) and 51 HC (28 females, 23 males). Age (M = 60.70, SD = 7.89) and education (M = 15.07, SD = 2.77) were consistent across groups. PD mean disease duration was 4.04 years (SD = 4.56), with samples matched for disease duration and severity. At baseline and three-year follow-up, neuropsychological measures of attention, memory, language, visuospatial, and executive functions were completed. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction examined differences between samples over time controlling for age and education.

Results

In both PD and control groups, women outperformed men on measures of verbal learning and verbal memory over time. WPD also performed significantly better than MPD in verbal and visual working memory and semantic fluency tasks at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. In contrast, MPD outperformed WPD on visuospatial perception at both time points, with remaining measures being similar.

Conclusions

Results build upon earlier cross-sectional studies and confirm that WPD have persisting, comparative strengths in verbal memory, working memory and semantic fluency in contrast to visuospatial perception for MPD in early disease stages.
A - 104 Basal Ganglia Calcification, Hypothyroidism, and COVID-19: a Case of Possible Fahr’s Syndrome
Authors: Myers Melissa A , Pizer Jasmin H , Hill Benjamin D
Published: October 2023

Objective

Major neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) is a largely heterogeneous condition with numerous etiological possibilities. Most diagnosed cases have unspecified origins. As such, Fahr’s syndrome (FS) is a rare neurodegenerative condition that clinically presents with varying neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and movement disorder features. FS is characterized by bilateral basal ganglia calcifications secondary to other conditions (e.g., endocrine and metabolic disorders, infectious diseases). This case will expand upon the literature of rare and poly-etiological presentations of NCD.

Method

A 75-year-old White male underwent neuropsychological evaluation due to concerns from his wife regarding sudden onset of diminished mood, anhedonia, hypersomnia, disinhibition, and idiosyncratic motor movements two years prior which worsened after contracting COVID-19. Patient has multiple co-morbid medical conditions including hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, intermediate hyperglycemia, prostate cancer (in remission), and history of a syncopal episode. Neuroimaging was remarkable for bilateral basal ganglia calcifications and white matter lesions.

Results

At the exam, patient exhibited hypomimia, ataxic gait, alogia, sporadic motor stereotypies, and motor overflow. Overall performance on the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery was Below Average with relative weaknesses in attention, memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, and motor functioning. Patient was diagnosed with Major NCD of unspecified etiology and instructed to continue consultation with neurology.

Conclusions

This patient’s cognitive difficulties appeared poly-etiological and are likely attributed to the combination of basal ganglia calcification, white matter changes, hypothyroidism, and COVID-19 which suggests the presence of FS. This case exemplifies the importance of considering multiple etiologies, including the implications of COVID-19 during the diagnostic process as more neurologic symptoms of COVID-19 are still being discovered.
A - 105 Trajectories of Alcohol Use in Hispanic Individuals with TBI over the Ten Years Post-Injury: a Model Systems Study
Authors: Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Watson Jack D , Rodríguez Miriam , Ramos-Usuga Daniela , Perrin Paul B
Published: October 2023

Objective

To examine alcohol consumption patterns and predictors of consumption across time among Hispanics with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in the United States (U.S.) within ten years post-injury.

Methods

Longitudinal cohort study. The sample included 1342 Hispanics (77.6% males) from the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) database who had at least one complete data record at one of the follow-up data collections for average number of drinks consumed per episode of drinking in the previous month and one complete data record for number of times when five or more drinks were consumed in a single episode in the previous month.

Results

Across the full sample, alcohol consumption variables generally demonstrated quadratic movement characterized by an initial increase followed by a plateau or slight decrease over the 10 years post-injury. Participants were more likely to consume a greater number of drinks per episode over time if they were men, single, with a history of excessive alcohol use, with a nonviolent mechanism of injury, shorter duration of PTA, and higher levels of education. Participants had a greater number of 5+ drinks/episode occurrences in the past month if they were men and had had a greater number of 5+ drinks/episode occurrences in the month before injury. There was no differential change in alcohol consumption over time as a function of these predictors.

Conclusions

This study identified a profile of at-risk Hispanics with TBI for increased alcohol consumption. These individuals should be identified and targeted for early evidence-based alcohol intervention after TBI when results might be most favorable.
A - 107 The Association between Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems and Resilience in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Riegler Kaitlin E , Beauvais John , Neto Lindsay O , Gromisch Elizabeth S
Published: October 2023

Objective

To examine the relationship between sleep disorders and self-reported sleep problems and resilience in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We hypothesized that PwMS with sleep disorders would report lower resilience than those with self-reported sleep problems with no formal diagnosis or those without sleep disorder/problems.

Method

Participants (n = 112) were PwMS from a larger study conducted at a specialized MS Center. Medical record review was conducted to categorize PwMS into three groups: sleep disorders (n = 27), sleep problems with no formal diagnosis (n = 39), or no sleep disorder/problems (n = 46). Resiliency was measured using the Multiple Sclerosis Resiliency Scale (MSRS), which has five subscales. Differences between the groups on the overall MSRS and subscales were examined with ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests.

Results

PwMS with sleep disorders reported significantly lower overall resilience (M = 72.00, SD = 9.12) than those without sleep disorders (M = 79.15, SD = 10.85; p = 0.014). Analysis of MSRS subscales showed PwMS without sleep disorders (Mdn = 17.00) reported more support from family and friends than the sleep problems group (Mdn = 15.00; p = 0.009) and the sleep disorder group (Mdn = 14.00; p < 0.001). There were no significant group differences on the four other subscales (Emotional and Cognitive Strategies, Physical Activity and Diet, MS Peer Support, or Spirituality).

Conclusion(s)

PwMS with sleep disorders reported lower resilience than those without sleep disorders. Specifically, Support from Family and Friends was significantly different between groups, indicating that support may be particularly important in the relationship between sleep disorders/problems and resilience in MS.