bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Ecotype and Safety Performance of Building
Authors: Zhang Fu Ren , Xu Yun Kai
Published: November 2012

The ecotype and safety performance of urban buildings is affected by many factors. The evaluation method of unascertained measure model has been adopted, through analyzing the traits of the evaluating method and building performance indexes. Based on analyzing and researching, a relatively integrated evaluation indexes system has been established in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of all factors have been shown out through analysis. Through factual application, the viability and maneuverability of this method has been confirmed. At the same time, the analysis results will provide scientific decision-making for improving the ecotype and safety performance of urban buildings.
Based on the Matter Element Analysis of Urban Subway Traffic Service Level Evaluation Research
Authors: Yang Mao Sheng , Xiao Guan Jing , Liang Jian Feng
Published: November 2012

This paper is analyzed based on extension learn matter-element theory, combined with urban subway traffic service status, constituting the urban subway service level evaluation model and AHP. Taking Xi'an Metro Line 2 as the object of study determine the weight coefficient of each index and establish correlation function, in order to calculate the index of correlation and give a quantitative numerical representation of evaluation results. Finally, we can get the result that the Metro Line 2 of the traffic service level is good. This evaluation system can also be applied to other urban subway transportation service level evaluation.
Research on the Method of Working-Out near Ground Air Temperature Based on Low Altitude Remote Sensing Aerial Data
Authors: Yuan Xu , Meng Qing Lin
Published: November 2012

In the thermal environment which influences people's life, air temperature 1.5m high is the most important and direct. Through remote sensing we can quickly get the object surface temperature. But the air temperature can’t be got through it directly. [1]If we can excogitate the method of working-out the air temperature 1.5m high from the altitude remote sensing aerial data, the relate research on the urban thermal environment will be convenient and efficient. This paper is written to research this method and analyze the feasibility by means of analysing the relationship between the radiation brightness temperature, the underlay surface temperature and the air temperature 1.5m high.
Study on Urban Fringe Area Planning and Design under the Background of New Rural Construction
Authors: Jin Ying
Published: November 2012

Since long-term, there is a large gap in the residential environment construction between the rural and urban areas. Based on China is to speed up the socialist new rural construction and improve the living environment of village history background, we analysis urban fringe area planning design under the background of the new rural construction, especially road planning, public space, greening, courtyard planning design in this paper. And we study the urban fringe area of the planning and design of the new rural construction, which combined with the new rural construction practice of ChenJiaDian Village in NongAn Town, Jilin province.
An Exploration of Road Planning and Design in Wetland Parks
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Wang Hao
Published: November 2012

Keywords: Wetland Park,Road planning and design, Road Layout, Ecology. Abstract.The design of road system, which serves as the connections of areas and scenic spots, in wetland parks is concerned with complex ecological problems for the special ecological environment there. The ecological protection and the natural environment conservation are the starting points of the design instead of linkage and convenience. The paper analyzes the most important natural and ecological factors of road design in wetland parks with focus on the differences from common city parks in road type selection, road system layout, road network density control, route selection and ecological creation to provide references for future road planning and design in wetland parks.
Design Principles of the Water Landscape of Cold Regions
Authors: Meng Xiao Lei
Published: November 2012

The essential characteristics of the water, the starting point for research, combined with the cold climate characteristics and water scarcity status, tentative exploration study on the water landscape of the northern city of design principles. And water landscape should be designed to follow the small but efficient principle, quarterly principle, the principle of people-oriented principle of association, in order to see the principles and design principles. Effective reference to the landscape environment to create a body of water north characteristics.
The Experimental Study on Microbe Corrosion Resistance Performance of Cement Based Composite Material
Authors: Jiang Ying Bo
Published: November 2012

Use artificial enhanced sewage to configurate accelerated corrosion fluids, do the research on the performance of cement based composite material to resistance microbiological corrosion in the aerobic and anaerobic environment under the condition of sewage, the compressive strength and corrosion resistant coefficient and mass loss as the evaluation index, reveals the performance of cement base composite material to resistance microbial corrosion under the action of artificial intensified sewage.
Research on Composite Modification Technology for Cement Based Composite Material to Resistance Microbiological Corrosion
Authors: Jiang Ying Bo
Published: November 2012

The microbiological corrosion of cement based composite material is increasingly acute, which has caused great economic losses. To improve cement based composite material's performance, by using compound modification technology, selecting cement type, more suitable admixture and additive to make up concrete, improving concrete's comprehensive performance of corrosion resistance. Meanwhile through the performance comparison test validate the modified effect.
Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth of Composite Structure Based on XFEM
Authors: Zhong Yong Qiang
Published: November 2012

The basic principle and technique of a new and effective extended finite element method is introduced first in the paper. Compared with classical finite element method, the crack growth can be simulated by XFEM without making the crack surface associated to the mesh and without remeshing after crack growth. On the basis it is applied to analyze difficult problem of fracture and crack growth mechanism of composite pavement structural. By three-point bending test of composite structural beam, the whole process of initial crack and the crack growth of composite pavement structure is analyzed by numerical simulation. It can be divided into four key stages from cracking to crack reflection and each stage is presented by tensile stress and SATUSXFEM. The research results can provide important reference for composite structure design and proposed control countermeasure.
Numerical Dynamic Simulation for Three Phase Random Aggregate Model of Concrete
Authors: Zhong Chuan Guo , Wang Fan
Published: November 2012

In this paper the concrete under impact load and failure mechanism was studied. Concrete was considered as a three-phase composite material: aggregate, cement mortar and interfacial transmission zone (ITZ).The simulation was based on random polyhedron aggregate model. Mortar and the transition zone were considered as the brittle fracture model material, and the aggregate was considered as plastic material. LS-DYNA finite element program was used to simulate concrete in SHPB experimental device under the impact damage process. It was showed that the reason of the final macro failure was the development of the microcrack, aggregate shape on concrete failure has a certain impact on the failure process.
Study on the Use of Wood in the Architecture Design
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Fang
Published: November 2012

Cave paintings from eight thousand years ago show that wood is one of the original building materials used by human. The earliest known wooden artefacts are about l4,000 years old. The history of wooden buildings is so long that its properties and effects on people and the environment are thoroughly known, which is a significant factor compared with today's synthetic building materials. For wood has many advantages, it will be sure to play an important role in the architecture design continuously in the future.
Study of Exterior Window’s Energy-Saving Design for the Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Region
Authors: Zhou Hong Tao
Published: November 2012

Measure the temperature of exterior window and surrounding walls’ inner surface, and measure interior air temperature to analyze the effect, which was brought to building energy consumption and interior thermal conditions by the exterior window of the building; studied several details of exterior window design, and proposes a method, which is separately controlling the heat-transfer coefficient according to different orientation, room’s positions and room’s functions while designing the exterior windows, in order to improve the interior thermal conditions and reduce energy consumption of the residential buildings.
Design and Research on the Warm-Mix Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixture Based on the GTM Method
Authors: Li Zheng Zhong , Wu Di , Song Xiao Yan , Zhu Han
Published: November 2012

By using GTM method, with equal volume parameters as the criterion, determined the suitable temperature of Evotherm warm-mix rubber-modified asphalt mixture, and applied Marshall method for repeated experiments, holding that GTM method could increase the cooling rate. Then, it firstly proposed a two-stage design method to conduct design of warm-mix rubber-modified asphalt mixture based on the two-parameter system; on the basis of hot-mix asphalt mixture test, it carried out staged design of asphalt content and temperature to ensure the pavement performance in terms of material composition and volume parameters. Finally, the paper conducted performance test of the designed warm-mix mixture and made comparative analysis of the corresponding hot-mix mixture. The results showed that the low and high temperature performances as well as the water damage resistant performance of Evotherm warm-mix rubber-modified asphalt mixture were superior than that of hot-mix mixture, and its compression resilience modulus was roughly equal to that of the hot-mix mixture, which would not affect the pavement structure design.
Anti-Corrosion Performance of Four Zinc-Rich Coatings
Authors: Cao Zhi Ming , Li Guo Xin , Peng Yi Liang , Hu Da Wei
Published: November 2012

Four zinc-rich coatings were applied onto steel substrate and then placed in neutral salt spray for 4000 h in order to study the anti-corrosion performance of the coatings. The results showed that the samples with two kinds of the coatings were more seriously eroded than the others. The reasons could be that the zinc particles were dispersed inhomogeneous in the binder and the zinc content was very lower than 96 wt. % obtained through the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.
Experimental Study at Chloride Erosion in Laterite Dam
Authors: Chen Gang , Yang Hua Shu , Li Jin Yu , Shao Luo
Published: November 2012

Laterite dams are chronically eroded by chloride in acidic reservoir water, and the fact is confirmed by dam safety checkups. Based on chemical analysis of water-soil interaction, accelerated life tests of dipping in HCl solution were designed for laterite. Multi-team engineering indices and microstructure characteristics of deteriorated laterite were compared and analyzed, changes of ion concentration in exudates were tested, and changes of laterite microstructure were observed. Interaction mechanism between water and laterite was opened out, so historical statistical data was further confirmed why service life of laterite dam is always too short.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of PVA Fiber Reinforced Tailings Cementitious Composites
Authors: Bao Wen Bo , Wang Cheng Hong , Zhang Shao Feng , Huang Zhi Qiang
Published: November 2012

A type of ecological engineered cementitious composites, which use iron ore tailings to replace fine grinding quartz sand in PVA fiber reinforced cementitious composites, was developed. The flexural strength and toughness of this material were studied by four-point flexural test with samples of beam and sheet. The results show that the fiber reinforced tailings cementitious composites exhibit the characteristics of multiple cracking, high ductility and flexural toughness. The studies indicate that the mix proportion and the fiber length have a significant influence on the properties of this material, particularly for tensile toughness.
Experimental Study on Mix Proportion and Fundamental Properties of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Du Zhao Hua , Wang Jie
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the mixture ratio of recycled concrete and its fundamental mechanics properties have been researched by experiments, which include the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate, the optimum mix design of the recycled concrete, compressive strength tests on concrete specimens using the broken abandoned concrete rubbles as recycled coarse aggregate, the replacement ratios of recycled coarse aggregate by mass to the natural coarse aggregate are 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.70 and 1.0 respectively. The influences of the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate by mass to the fundamental properties of the recycled concrete such as the compressive strength,and the elastic modulus are discussed and analyzed.and the optimum replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate by mass is suggested. These may be references to the applications of recycled concrete in engineering.
Experimental Study on the Compressive Mechanical Performance of Bamboo Strip Plywood under Static Loads
Authors: Wu Wen Qing , Ma Xue Yuan , Chen Shuai
Published: November 2012

The compressive mechanical performance of bamboo strip plywood was studied in the paper. Based on analysis of the related experiments datum , the principal compressive mechanical performance under static load were expounded perfectly, and a number of mechanical parameters such as compressive strength, compressive elastic modulus and compressive constitutive relations were obtained. It was shown that the mechanical performance of bamboo strip plywood was better than that of wood material such as Northeast larch, the compressive elastic modulus was lower than that of concrete, so that there existed a more great deformation when the bamboo beam structure was loaded, and the constitutive relations of bamboo materials showed that there was excellent ductility with an obvious characteristic of plastic deformation . This research result showed that there was a great significance on studying and application of bamboo bridges in the future.
Research Progress of Concrete Corrosion in Acid Environment
Authors: Yun Xiang , Xiao Jie
Published: November 2012

For concrete pile foundation in acid soil, durability is the key issue. The present paper summarizes the current research progress of corrosion of pile shaft material-concrete in acid environment. In addition, it introduces influencing factors and evaluation indexes of concrete corrosion in acid environment. Finally, on the basis of recent advancement on concrete corrosion in acid environment, the paper also points out some problems which need further studying.
Analysis of Richard Meier's Architecture Thinking
Authors: Xue Ju
Published: November 2012

From the angle of Richard Meier's life, we will study the source of his ideas to know about his architecture thinking and the influence on building works from his architecture thinking.
Consideration about Construction of Compensation Mechanism of Green Building Healthy Development
Authors: Ming Li
Published: November 2012

The existing Compensation mechanism is the single subject government compensation mechanism that has many problems such as single compensation means, lack of stability, low compensation standards and so on, which fails to provide effective incentive for promoting sustainable development. Building the Government-led pluralized subject, diversification of compensation for the entire industrial chain, compensation mechanisms which covers existing housing, and many realization forms of compensation mechanism that includes Government-led mechanism, market regulation mechanisms, legal constraints mechanism, public participation mechanism, are perfection and improvement to single body Government compensation mechanism.
Study on the Dispersion of Nanometer TiO2 Powder by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhao Fang , Zhao Ya Qiong , Li Yuan Yuan , Ni Gang
Published: November 2012

This study investigated the effect of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants on the formation, morphology, and surface properties of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by modified sol-gel method. The crystalline structures and morphologies of the powder have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results showed TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized with different surfactants only include anatase phase. The TEM analysis revealed the surfactants can enhance dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles. In contrast, the anionic surfactants showed hightly effects. The photocatalytic activity of samples was tested for degradation of methyl orange (MO) solutions. The results showed photocatalytic activity of the catalyst with surfactants was higher than pure TiO2 under ultraviolet.
Time-Dependent Growth of Hematiete (α-Fe2O3) Nanotube Arrays Produced by Iron Anodizing in Ethylene Glycol Solution
Authors: Yue Gao , Ni Hong Wei , Chen Rong Sheng , Li You Wei , Li Ji Hui
Published: November 2012

Hematiete (α-Fe2O3) nanotube arrays (NTAs) were prepared on the iron foil by the anodization method in an ethylene glycol electrolyte containing NH4F and deionized water. The α-Fe2O3 NTAs electrodes were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and UV-vis absorbance spectra. As the anodization processed, the morphology of the foil transformed from nanoporous to nanotube arrays.The resulting α-Fe2O3 NTAs showed a pore diameter of 40 nm, thickness of 1.5 μm, and a minimum wall thickness of 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the α-Fe2O3 NTAs was evaluated by degradation of azo dye. The significant photocatalytic performance indicated that the α-Fe2O3 NTAs were an effective photocatalyst to decompose organic pollutants.
Agricultural Nitrogen Budget in the Yangtze River Basin from 1990 to 2000
Authors: Bao Xiang , Ma Guang Wen , Wang Ye Yao
Published: November 2012

For the purpose of estimating the amount of nitrogen (N) added to the agroecosystem by human activities in the Yangtze River Basin, and analyzing temporal and spatial changes of N budget in the Yangtze River Basin from 1990 to 2000. Following the mass balance model, a complete N budget was established for the Yangtze River Basin. N input sources include inorganic fertilizer, atmospheric deposition, biological fixation, excrement as fertilizer, crop residue used as fertilizer and combustion of crop residue. N output sources include crop harvesting, denitrification of soil nitrate, and NH3 volatilization. The budget had been calculated as the difference between all inputs and outputs. The total N input was 13.03 Tg N and 17.71 Tg N in 1990 and 2000, respectively. The total N output was 6.83 Tg N in 1990 and 8.76 Tg N in 2000, respectively. The N budget was 6.20 Tg N in 1990 and 8.95 Tg N in 2000 in agricultural fields of the Yangtze River Basin.
Simulation of Structural Features of Atmospheric Boundary Layer of Chengdu Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Wen Yong , Ma Xiao Juan , Fu Gao Ping
Published: November 2012

In the present paper, features of the atmospheric boundary layer of Chengdu urban agglomeration were identified and transfer, diffusion and conversion rules of atmospheric pollutants in the boundary layer were analyzed by using the mesoscale meteorological model, WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting)to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution and features of the flow field, temperature field, humidity field, and atmospheric mixed layer height of Chengdu urban agglomeration. As a result, basic data were provided for developing the plan for the coordinated development of the urban agglomeration economy and environment. The simulation show that, in Sichuan Basin, south wind and east wind prevail on the near-ground surface and 850 hPa isobaric surface while west wind and southwest wind prevail on the 700 hPa isobaric surface. Under the influence of the mountains around the basin, the flow field on the near-ground surface forms circulation in the south of the basin. The atmosphere strongly exchanges in the vertical direction below 1500 m and the exchange becomes weaker upwards. The ground temperature field distribution is low in northwest and high in southeast. The urban heat island effect is obvious, and especially the “big heat island” occurs in the urban agglomeration. In winter, temperature inversion frequently happens. In terms of ground humidity field, in winter and spring, it is low in northwest and high in southeast, which is opposite in summer; in autumn, humidity is low in west and high in east. Regarding the mixed layer height of the study area, it reaches the minimum value in winter and the maximum value in summer; the daily mixed layer height reaches the maximum value between 14:00 and 15:00 and reaches the minimum value in the small hours.
Assessment of the Klang River Quality Using the Water Quality Indices
Authors: Othman Faridah , Alaa Eldin Mohamed Elamin
Published: November 2012

The Klang river basin is located within the state of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Klang River drains an area of 1,288 km2 from the steep mountain rain forests of the main Central Range along Peninsular Malaysia to the river mouth in Port Klang, covering a distance of 120 km. It originates from the northern part of Selangor, drains the Klang Valley, and finally discharges itself into the Straits of Malacca. The pollution discharges for various locations along the river basin was obtained from the Water Quality and GIS group. The pollutants can come from point sources (PS) such as industrial wastewater, municipal sewers, wet market, sand mining and landfill. Pollutants can also come from non-point sources (NPS) such as agricultural or urban runoff, and commercial activity such as forestry, and construction due to rainfall event. Mathematical–computational modeling of river water quality is possible but requires an extensive validation. Besides it requires previous knowledge of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. To overcome these difficulties, a water quality index (WQI) was developed. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical instrument used to transform large quantities of water quality data into a single number. The purpose of this research is to classify the upstream and downstream of the Klang main river based on WQI value.
Kinetic Analysis on Rotating Biological Contactor Treatment of Organic Matter
Authors: Li Fang , Qi Zeng Lu
Published: November 2012

This paper adopts a 3-stage rotating biological contactor (RBC), studies kinetic analysis on RBC treatment of organic matter .Water temperature 25 °C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) 5h , COD concentration of influent varies from about 400 to 700mg / L, the average COD removal rate is 85% . According to Monod and Michaelis-Menten formula, organic matter removal kinetics equation in the first stage of RBC can be catched. When DO≥2mg/L, organic matter removal kinetic equation: U1=7.02S1/( S1+640.70), DO<2mg/L, organic matter removal kinetic equation: U2=35.97S2/( S2+4848.92) .Where U is substrate removal rate of unit area of disc, S is the organic matter concentration of substrate. Some reference values of the equation are very useful for practical application of RBC.
Study on the Influence of C/N Ratio on Denitrification Efficiency in CRI System
Authors: Chen Jun Min , Sheng Zhen Hua
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The TN removal efficiency is very low and the TN concentration of effluent can not meet the national standard of GB18918-2002 in the CRI system. In order to increasingly improve the denitrification efficiency of the CRI system, the artificial soil column is used to simulate the CRI system with 4 kinds of wastewater step-feeding modes. A series of comparative experiments are carried out, and the experimental results show that the TN removal efficiency of the CRI system is controlled by the denitrification process, and the denitrification process takes place mainly in the 900-1400mm zone of the artificial soil column; with the step-feeding mode, the C/N ratios of effluent from the 900-1400mm zone increase obviously in the CRI system, and in the case 4, the C/N ratios of effluent from the 900-1400mm zone are about 2, which is the closest to the optimal C/N ratio of the denitrification process; the best wastewater feeding mode of the CRI system is that the wastewater is pumped into the system from the infiltration media surface and the starting point of the anaerobic zone at the same time, with the influent amount ratio of 2:1.
The Study of Cadmium Wastewater Disposal by Heavy Metal Flocculant Polyhydroximic Acid
Authors: Wang Bi
Published: November 2012

Polyhydroximic acid (PHA) with the function of heavy metal flocculant was made by compounding polyacrylamide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide, to observe its effects on the cadmium wastewater disposal under different conditions (pH value, different organic complexing agents EDTA, triammonium citrate, glycocoll, humic acids and turbidity). The present study reaches the following results: (1) PHA has good effects on the removal of Cd2+ in wastewater; for the sample wastewater with a concentration of 25 mg•L-1, the removal rate of Cd2+ can reach 94%; (2) The removal rate of Cd2+ rise with the rise of pH values(4-8); (3) EDTA can obviously inhibit PHA’s removal rate of Cd2+; (4) Triammonium citrate can improve PHA’s removing ability of Cd2+. (5) Glycocoll and humic acids can obviously enhance the removing of Cd2+; (6) Turbidity-causing materials can promote the removal of Cd2+ and turbidity.
A LCA Model for Cleaner Production Performance Measurement
Authors: Cai Zheng Ying , Xiao Ren Bin , Li Jia Heng
Published: November 2012

In cleaner production, all management processes of member enterprises come into being a closed-loop operation which needs integrated evaluation and effectively quantitative analysis tool. A Life Cycle model of cleaner production based on popular and practicable supply- chain operations reference model is built here, whose closed-loop framework structure and process decomposition ensure management performance of a multi-layered cleaner production system. Based on its performance system, operational performances are measurable and form an insightful conceptual framework that can be used to guide operation coordination in the whole life cycle of cleaner production. To measure and integrate performances including costs and benefits in different kinds of members, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on Vague set is employed. For application, a cleaner production case is simplified for illustration.
Study on Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticle by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Lin Hong Yan , Li Jin Lian , Wang Chun Cai
Published: November 2012

With C2H5OH as solvent and Ti(OBu)4as precursor, the process for preparing TiO2nanoparticles by sol-gel method was studied. The influence of different reaction conditions on gel time was studied in this study. Experiments show that nano-TiO2can be well prepared by sol-gel method, the optimum volume ratio of Ti(OBu)4to ethanol to acetic acid to water is 5:25:2:2, and that when the roasting temperature is 400°C,the crystalline phase is anatase; when the roasting temperature is 600°C, the crystalline phase is rutile.
Research Development of Fenton Oxidation and its Combined Technology in Coking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Xue Kai , Yang Yun Long , Li Jian
Published: November 2012

The research development of Fenton oxidation and its combined technology in the coking wastewater treatment are introduced. The influence of different factors on treatment effect by Fenton oxidation is analyzed. The development trend of Fenton oxidation in the coking wastewater treatment is also expounded．
Modeling and Simulation of the Activated Sludge Process at a Full-Scale WWTP
Authors: Lu Pei Li , Li Zhen Liang
Published: November 2012

Model of a full-scale activated sludge process in a WWTP in Chongqing, China was established by coupling Activated Sludge Model No.2 (ASM2) and secondary settling tank (SST) model. Influent COD of the ASM2 was characterized through combined respirometric and physical-chemical assay and the model parameters were calibrated after evaluating their structural identifiability. The SST model is a flux model based on the consistent modeling methodology, in which a more detailed sludge settling velocity function was proposed to describe the most settling phenomena happened in SST, including discrete settling of floc, zone settling, and compression settling. The coupling model was used to simulate and optimize the operation of the activated sludge process It is concluded that: 1) the effluent COD, SS, TN and TP could be simulated well, 2) the sludge recycle ratio in the SST and the sludge concentration in the bioreactor were optimized to reduce waste sludge, increase the capability to resist load shocks and lower temperature, and improve effluent quality, and 3) an A2/O processes was proposed to upgrade the WWTP for improving the efficiency of N and P removal.
Microbial Degradation of Nitrobenzene by Immobilized Cells of Micrococcus luteus
Authors: Qi Yue , Zheng Chun Li , Zhang Ya Ting
Published: November 2012

Micrococcus luteus Z3 was immobilized in polyurethane foam and its ability to degrade nitrobenzene was investigated. Batch experiments showed that polyurethane-foam-immobilized cells possessed a higher degradation capacity. Compared to freely suspended cells (FSC), immobilized cells degraded nitrobenzene more efficiently under alkali and acid conditions, as well as higher temperature. Kinetic studies revealed that higher concentrations of nitrobenzene were better tolerated and more quickly degraded by immobilized cells. Moreover, in the presence of NaCl (≤10%, w/v) immobilized cells exhibited better tolerance toward salinity. Therefore immobilization of Z3 in polyurethane foam could be a promising method for treating nitrobenzene industrial wastewater, especially with high salinity.
The Comparison of Three Recycling Processes of Copper Chromite Spent Catalysts
Authors: Li Zeng Xin , Wang Guo Ming , Liang Qiang
Published: November 2012

Three technologies of recycling copper chromite spent catalysts from furfuryl production by furfural hydrogenization were developed. After the organic species was removed from the solid waste by vacuum pressure distillation at 130°C, the resultant solid waste catalyst was mixed with soda ash, followed by roasting, leaching and removing silicon in a reverberating furnace to obtain sodium chromate. Dissolving the cupric oxide in soda ash solution to remove chrome and then dissolving it in nitric acid, cupric nitrate can be obtained. A certain proportion of such sodium chromate and cupric nitrate were mixed and treated by ammonia solution to give precipitate, which was roasted and granulated to get new catalyst used in furfuryl production. Three processes features and their respective advantages and disadvantages were discussed.
Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms Study of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution on Tailings of Steel Slag
Authors: Hui Yong Wei , An Li Chao
Published: November 2012

This article explores the operating conditions of the removal of cadmium ions from wastewater by tailings of steel slag and investigates the effect of stirring rate, initial concentration of cadmium, particle size of tailings and pH value of aqueous on removal efficiency. The results show that: under proper conditions, the removal rate of cadmium ions from water on tailings of steel slag can be up to above 99.9%. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation and the adsorption isotherm conforms to the Langmuir model.
Preparation and Characterization of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Tang Zi Jun , Cen Chao Ping , Fang Ping , Liang Yang Ming
Published: November 2012

In this study, a sewage sludge-base activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by means of ZnCl2 chemical activation-pyrolysis-carbonization. Different factors such as activated temperature, activators, additives, sludge/activation solution ratio, activated time and other factors which affecting SSAC characteristics were studied to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. The result shows that when using 3mol/L zinc chloride with the ratio of zinc chloride to sulfuric acid as 10:1(v/v), activated at 550°C with the ratio of sludge to activation solution as 1:4(w/v) for 1 hour of pyrolysis and the rate of N2 was set at 0.5L/min, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the SSAC was 469.80m2/g, 0.16cm3/g and 2.60nm respectively. Using SSAC to treat simulating wastewater containing 100mg(Ni2+)/L, the removal rate of Ni2+ was 20.59% with the adsorption capacity of 10.57mg/g. When the pH>10.5 the removal efficiency approached 100%.
Assessment of the Characteristics of Nyanza Landfill Leachate, Rwanda
Authors: Bazimenyera Jean De Dieu , Qiang Fu , Ntakirutimana Theoneste
Published: November 2012

This paper had the objective of analyzing and characterizing the leachate from Nyanza landfill. The results revealed that the composition of the leachate is changeable according to the nature, the deposit time, and the climatic change. Leachate collected in the middle of landfill is categorized in the phase III of acid formation while the leachate collected from the exit is classified in the phase IV of methane formation and reasons for this variability are mainly waste nature, the deposit time, and the climate changes.
Advance in the study of Clean Straw as Energy
Authors: Bing Liu
Published: November 2012

Straw biomass is a clean and recyclable energy resource. It has a lot of advantages, such as low content of sulphur, nitrogen, low pollution and so on. At present, straw biomass has been researched and used at home and abroad, mainly in the production of diesel oil by cracking, the production of ethanol by hydrolysis, fuel methanol, the production of marsh gas by anaerobic digestion, solidify biological briquettes, electricity production from crop stalks and hydrogen production from biomass, etc. This aims of our article is the features of all technologies and the existing problems, which suggests the future researches that the skills of straw biomass should be strengthened, and makes a prediction at its application prospects.
Research of Stratified Compaction Process of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Wang Yu Kun , Yang Ju Ping , Peng Xu Ya
Published: November 2012

The density of municipal solid waste is lower. In order to increase the density of garbage dump, guarantee safe operation, save operational cost and extend the lifetime of landfill site it is very important to compact garbage layer by layer. Through the analysis of mechanical property and systematically study of the engineering experiment of Changshengqiao Sanitary Landfill which is the first standardized landfill site in Chongqing we conclude that there is no positive influence of compacting effect caused by moisture content of garbage dump, and the best compacting effect is resulted from 3 times compacting of each garbage layer of which the thickness is about 0.6m by special compactor.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Suzhou City of Anhui Province
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Hong Mei , Xu Guo Wei , Su Hai Min
Published: November 2012

Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is an important factor which influences development speed and scale of society and economy. The evaluation index system of WRCC was constructed according to municipal economic development status and the utilization of water resources in Suzhou City, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, analyzed water resources carrying capacity in different years. The results showed that water resources carrying capacity has tended to be smaller in recent years. It indicated that the development and utilization of water resources were large, water resources carrying capacity was close to saturation and the development potential of water resources was small in Suzhou City.
Chemistry of Groundwater from Sandstone Aquifer in Wolonghu Coal Mine, Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Gui He Rong
Published: November 2012

Water disaster during coal mining in northern Anhui Province, China is serious at the moment and geochemical method is important for controlling of water disaster. In this paper, the major ion chemistry of groundwater from a sandstone aquifer in Wolonghu coal mine have been measured for evaluating the factors controlling the groundwater chemistry, the results indicate that these water are alkaline in nature and show highly mineralization and then can be classified as two types in recharge and discharge zone with different chemical signatures, respectively. They are oversaturated with calcite and dolomite but under-saturated with gypsum. The correlation between ion concentrations suggest that the chemical compositions of groundwater are controlled by multi factors including dissolution of calcite, dolomite and silicate minerals, evaporation and ion exchange.
Water Demand Forecasting in Hubei Province with BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Tang Zhen Quan , Liu Gang , Xu Wen Nian , Xia Zhen Yao , Xiao Hai
Published: November 2012

Prediction of water demand is a basic link in water resources plan and management. Reasonable and accurate prediction of storage helps to develop the plan of water resources the next year, which is very favorable to improve the utilization ratio of water resources and reduce the waste of water resources. This paper uses BP neural network to simulate and predict the water content based on the data of water in recent ten years in Hubei province and evaluates the forecast results. The results show that BP neural network for water demand prediction is feasible.
Longitudinal Velocity Distribution and Manning's 'n' Coefficient in Open Channel with Unsubmerged Vegetation
Authors: Huang Wen Pei , Zhang Hua Yong , Xu Wei Gang , Wang Zhong Yu
Published: November 2012

The effects of unsubmerged vegetation on velocity distribution and Manning’s n were investigated experimentally in the laboratory. Water level was measured by water level measurement system and velocity was measured by 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADV). The findings reveal that longitudinal velocity all has a minimum value at the location of 5m (longitudinal position) and the discharge of 70L/s, the minimum longitudinal velocity is 47cm/s, 44cm/s, 37cm/s and 35cm/s for 1m, 2m, 3m and 4m vegetation section length respectively. Based on the experimental data, the Manning’s n for various flow conditions as well as for vegetation patterns was determined. The Manning’s n varies between 0.04 and 0.09 in this study, and it decreases as the Froude number increases, while increases as the water depth increases. The effect of the vegetation section length on the relationship between the Manning’s n and Froude number is not significant.
Study on Sediment Characteristics in Artificial Wetland and Natural Wetland
Authors: Wang Xiao Yun , Fu Ai Min
Published: November 2012

This paper studied the sidemen characteristics of artificial wetland and natural wetland by cumulant, sedimentary organic matter, DOC and nitrate content. The results showed that the sediments in artificial wetlands upper layer were instable and uncompacted and often had trouble collecting for various factors .which was different from in natural wetland. Artificial wetland must pass through the months and years pass by. Time operation due to be texture, cation exchange capacity and clay changes, resulting in increasing content of organic substances. Natural wetland sediments of dissolved organic carbon in a constructed wetland system is high and the overall performance is relatively stable. But nitrate content was higher and less stable than the constructed wetland sediments.
Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Use and its Impact on Water Quality of Poyang Lake Region
Authors: Yan Xi Feng , Qiu Zu Min , Wang Jing Lan , Liu Feng , Liu Dan Nan
Published: November 2012

As an important influencing factor of global environmental change, land use change has always been the hot issues of geography study. Taking Poyang Lake region as an example the relationship between land use and ecological protection was expounded. Analyzed the comprehensive summarize to the Land use change, retrospected the development history of the Land use change, and also analyzed and depicted the current research field. The exploitation and conservation of the Poyang Lake international importance wetland are of importance for the ecologic environment in Jiangxi province.This paper is to summarize the status of land use change in the Poyang lake region refer to those research results before,finally some effective solutions were proposed.
Study on Risk Evaluation of Sand Inrush of Thick Coal Seam under Water-Bearing Unconsolidated Strata
Authors: Fu Hui , Feng Rui Min , Yu Hui
Published: November 2012

For the difficulties of sand inrush of thick coal seam under water-bearing unconsolidated strata in mining projects, we carried out scientific analysis of hydro-geological conditions, including the lithology, thickness, and water yield property of water-bearing unconsolidated strata, On the basis, the heights of caving zone and water conducted zone were predicted, mining method was decided, the reasonable size of safety pillars was discussed under the condition of thick coal seam slicing mining. Based on the powerful data processing capabilities of GIS, the risk of sand inrush caused by multiple factors are analyzed quantitatively, and sand inrush risk zoning map was also analyzed eventually.
On the Assessment Method Based on Correlation Weighted Comprehensive Nutritional Index in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Ruan Jia Ling , Chen Gao Bo , Lei Hang , Yu Xiao Li , Zhong De Yu , Wang Guang Qian
Published: November 2012

Regression models between the chlorophyll a and other nutrient factors were established elementarily for the characteristic that the Three Gorges Reservoir is a channel reservoir.The nutritional quality of water body was assessed using correlation weighted comprehensive nutritional index.The result was compared with that of assessment based on the nutrient status index of lakes in order to make it closer to the actual environment and embody the feasibility of this method to assess nutrient status in the channel reservoir.
Heavy Metals (Cu and Zn) Release Kinetics in a Sediment Sample from the Inlet of Baihua Lake, China
Authors: Zhang Ji Ping , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Mei Jin , Shen Wei , Luo Jin
Published: November 2012

Release kinetics of two selected heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in a sediment sample collected from the inlet of Baihua Lake was determined. The results show that the double-constant equation was considered as the best-fit equations describing the relationship of Cu and Zn release and time in the sediment from the inlet of the lake (R2 = 0.9759, 0.9226, P<0.01). The effects of temperature, acidity, salinity, and the water/soil ratio on the releasing of heavy metals in sediment sample were also investigated. The heavy metals release would increase as the temperature increased. A low pH value could promote the heavy metals release. The heavy metals in the sediment tended to be released under a relatively high salinity condition. The amount of the heavy metals released from the sediment decreased with the increase of the water/soil ratio.
Tourism Development and Exploration of Abandoned Mine - Taking National Mine Park of Jianghe Coal Mine in Chongqing as an Example
Authors: Yang Le , Zhou Mo Lin , Lu Rui Na , Liao Yun Ping
Published: November 2012

This study described the characteristics and planning of national mine park of Jianghe coal mine in Chongqing. And then according to the requirements for the selection of national mine park, it was objective to evaluate construction advantages of national mine park of Jianghe coal mine. Some suggestions were put forward for mine park construction, in view of reuse and tourism development of abandoned mines.
Dynamic Change Analysis of Grain Yield and Factors Based on Gray System in Northern Anhui Province
Authors: Su Hai Min , He Ai Xia
Published: November 2012

Considering some grain yield conditions of China, we considered that grain yield security in particular regard the sustainable development strategy is a pivotal position. Based on the statistical data from 1991 to 2010, grain problem in Northern Anhui Province is discussed in three aspects. With the help of the theory and method of grey system we found: The grain per unit area yield was primary element of grain yield, whose grey correlation degree was sort in the first; The grain-sown area and water conservancy facilities were main factors of which grey correlation degrees were respective sort in the second and third; However, the influence of natural disaster and net income of farmer per capita should not be ignored.
Laboratory Studies on Evaluation of Gasification Effect for Conversion of Coal Resources in Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Reactors
Authors: Su Fa Qiang , Itakura Ken-ichi , Deguchi Gota , Ohga Koutarou , Goto Tatsuhiko
Published: November 2012

Underground coal gasification (UCG) as a clean energy technology and efficient way for the conversion of the coal resources into energy in-situ has attracted wide public attention in recent years. Laboratory-scale experiments on coal blocks can provide significant insight into UCG process. The main goal of this study was evaluation of the gasification effect applying L-shape linking-hole and Coaxial-hole UCG models. Experimental results show the gas composition, AE activity and the temperature distribution inside the combustion reactors under similar operating parameters. Positive correlation was found between the temperature and cumulative AE events. The results shown that the gasification of L-shape linking-hole model obtained the average calorific value, as high as 11.3 MJ/m3, whereas in the Coaxial-hole model, the average calorific value of gas produced was only 5.79 MJ/m3under the experimental conditions. Even so, the results of conducted Coaxial-hole UCG experiment provide the original and sorely lacking data base for future new-style UCG research.