bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULHERES E MARISCAGEM: INVENÇÕES DE SI NO (IN) MUNDO MANGUE
Authors: Vasconcelos Michele de Freitas Faria de , Rocha Yasmin Adriane Mendonça da , Oliveira Sandra Raquel Santos de , Cunha Vitória Gois da , Solá Pérez Mercedes , Flores Elienaide Cardoso das , Romero Lucy Mirtha Ketterer , Santos Sirley Ferreira dos , Vieira Ticiane Pereira dos Santos
Published: April 2021

O artigo decorre de uma pesquisa articulada ao projeto de extensãoFortalecimento Sociopolítico das Marisqueiras de Sergipe, parte doPrograma de Educação Ambiental com Comunidades Costeiras. A pesquisafaz-se processo de habitação coletiva em defesa de territórios de vidatradicionais e da vida das mulheres marisqueiras, que veem seus territóriosexistenciais cotidianamente ameaçados por empreendimentos do grandecapital. Inspiradas na etnografia e na cartografia, miramos nos processos de invenção da vida cotidiana das mulheres no mundo mangue. A perspectivaé pesquisar com marisqueiras, conhecer seus modos de vida e formas deresistência, que se tecem num território híbrido entre cidade, campo emangue. Acompanhamos a construção do movimento social MulheresMarisqueiras de Sergipe e, com ele, de redes de cuidado e ajuda mútua,invenções de si e de mundos correlatos, ampliando em ato sentidos para acategoria mulher e para o trabalho artesanal.
Accounting Information Quality and Investment Decisions
Authors: Khoufi Nouha
Published: April 2021

Accounting information quality has been said to play an important role in reducing information asymmetry. Thus, firms with high accounting information quality may enhance more investors’ decisions. This paper aims to empirically examine the association between accounting information quality and investment decisions among firms in Tunisia. The sample of this study consists of 50 firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange covering 2012 to 2016. The findings imply that accounting information quality is significantly negatively related to investment inefficiency. The inclusion of control variables and the use of alternative models to measure accounting information quality provide consistent findings. This paper has several important contributions. First, this paper provides new empirical evidence in an emerging market. Although emerging markets make up the vast majority of economic activity around the world, they have received limited attention in academic research. Second, this paper can also help researchers to better understand and realize the governance role of accounting information, and push them to investigate the other role of accounting information deeply and broadly.
Financial Literacy as a Tool for Stimulating the Investment Behaviour of Rural Women: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Rajan Bhaskaran , Kaur Navjot , K. Athwal Harpreet , Rahman Afzalur , P.S. Velmurugan
Published: April 2021

Clapping with two hands create the sounds. Similarly, investment and saving behaviour are considered as the most vital elements for economic growth of an individual. This paper is to evaluate the influence of financial awareness on saving and investment behaviour of rural females in India. Investment pattern serves as a link between savings and wants of the common people. Economic growth of any nation can be critically measured through capital accumulation and investment trends in financial markets. In the present study, the investment behaviour on effect of financial awareness of 335 rural women in Jalandhar district has been evaluated. The relationship of financial literacy and saving & investment behaviour is also evaluated in the context of five basic domains of financial behaviour, such as demographic variables, financial control, financial planning, financial product selection and financial literacy. Results of the study revealed that rural women are conscious about the availability of various investment avenues in the market, but their investment pattern is still followed by some factors like familiarity, safety and assured returns, etc. This study suggests policymakers to focus on financial awareness rather to focus only on financial literacy.
Inappropriate Medication and Perception of Quality of Life in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Fajreldines Ana , Bazzano Marisa , Beldarrain Belen , Barberis Stefanía , Pellizzari Marcelo
Published: April 2021

Older or elderly adults represent a population exposed to potentially inappropriate prescriptions, since medication is the most widely used intervention. The objective of this work is to analyze the type of medication schemes of the elderly and the relationship with their states of psychological well-being. It is a cross-sectional study. Results: inappropriate prescription is of the order of 16% and the perception of quality of life was 56.8, finding an association between inappropriate prescription and perception of quality of life. Conclusions: The results showed that inappropriate prescription is highly frequent in these patients and that psychological well-being states would be related to this inappropriate prescription.
Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Hande Tekarslan-Sahin Seyma
Published: April 2021

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important and popular host for production of value-added molecules such as pharmaceutical ingredients, therapeutic proteins, chemicals, biofuels and enzymes. S. cerevisiae, the baker’s yeast, is the most used yeast model as there is an abundance of knowledge on its genetics, physiology and biochemistry, and also it has numerous applications in genetic engineering and fermentation technologies. There has been an increasing interest in developing and improving yeast strains for industrial biotechnology. Metabolic engineering is a tool to develop industrial strains by manipulating yeast metabolism to enhance the production of value-added molecules. This chapter reviews the metabolic engineering strategies for developing industrial yeast strains for biotechnological applications and highlights recent advances in this field such as the use of CRISPR/Cas9.
Work - Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Getahun Biruk , Ayalew Bekel Abebe
Published: April 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction and increasing breathlessness. COPD is increasing worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. The most important risk factor of developing COPD is cigarette smoking; however, occupational exposures such as vapors, gases, dusts and fumes present an important risk factor for the development of the disease, by itself and through interaction with other risk factors. The dusts from coal, stone quarries, wood, cereals and agricultural work, animal stables, textiles, and paper production that can arise in occupational environments have been regulated by the International Labor Organization and considered possible as contributors to COPD. A better understanding of these causes paves the way for effective interventions to reduce the future incidence of this unpleasant condition. Breathlessness and occupational exposures to vapors, gases, dusts and fumes were identified as the main modifiable factors associated with unemployment and poor work productivity in COPD patients.
Could Pomegranate Fight against SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Elnawasany Sally
Published: April 2021

Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., is an authentic, generous fruit which is cultivated in many parts of the world for thousand years. The divine fruit was born from nature to provide humanity with its effluent benefits for life and health. Through the ages, Pomegranate occupied an eminent place in ayurvedic medicine. It was prescribed for treatment of parasitic infection, diarrhea, and ulcers. Pomegranate wealth of prolific pharmacological activities makes it a rich culture for multiple studies in recent years. It will not be surprising if Pomegranate provides humans with a possible help in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The enemy that has raided the world since the end of 2019.
Two-Stage Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomass
Authors: Oleg Aleksandrovich Ivanin , Olga Mikhailovna Larina , Vladimir Aleksandrovich Lavrenov , Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sinelshchikov , Georgy Aleksandrovich Sytchev , Victor Mikhailovich Zaichenko
Published: April 2021

The widespread adoption of biomass as an energy fuel is hindered by a number of its significant drawbacks, such as low heating value, low ash melting point, low bulk density etc. Technological solutions that allow to fully overcome these shortcomings and ensure high economic performance have not yet been proposed, although there is a significant demand for them. A new technology for thermal processing of biomass into gas fuel, based on the pyrolysis process, has been developed at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS). The degree of energy conversion of the processed raw materials in the proposed technology is about 75%. The gas fuel yield is ∼1.3 m3/kg of biomass, and its heating value, on average, is 11 MJ/m3. The content of the liquid phase in the energy gas obtained by the developed technology is not more than 50 mg/m3. The gas produced by the technology under consideration on average consists of 90% hydrogen and carbon monoxide. According to existing standards, this gas can be used as a fuel for mini-CHP with gas-piston engines. A promising direction for using this gas is the production of liquid motor fuels.
Micro Milling Process for the Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Syafiq Rahim Muhammad , Annuar Ehsan Abang
Published: April 2021

Micro milling process has become an attractive method for the rapid prototyping of micro devices. The process is based on subtractive manufacturing method in which materials from a sample are removed selectively. A comprehensive review on the fabrication of circular and rectangular cross-section channels of microfluidic devices using micro milling process is provided this review work. Process and machining parameters such as micro-tools selection, spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate and strategy for process optimization will be reviewed. A case study on the rapid fabrication of a rectangular cross section channel of a microflow cytometer device with 200 um channel width and 50 um channel depth using CNC micro milling process is provided. The experimental work has produced a low surface roughness micro channel of 20 nm in roughness and demonstrated a microflow cytometer device that can produce hydrodynamic focusing with a focusing width of about 60 um.
Convalescent Plasma: An Evidence-Based Old Therapy to Treat Novel Coronavirus Patients
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Devi Chandra , Sarkar Subhabrata , Kumar Garg Vivek , Choudhary Priyanka , Chopra Madhu , Sharma Vinit , Prakash Ravi
Published: April 2021

Novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) is a highly infectious viral outbreak that has so far infected more than 110 million people worldwide. Fast viral transmission and high infection rates have severely affected the entire population, especially the old aged and comorbid individuals leaving significantly less time to find some effective treatment strategy. In these challenging times, convalescent plasma (CP) therapy came as a ray of hope to save humankind. It is a form of passive immunization that has been used to treat various infectious diseases since 1890, including the 1918 Spanish flu, 2002/03 SARS-CoV, 2009 H1N1, 2012 MERS-CoV, and 2014 Ebola outbreak. The transfusion includes administration of CP containing a high value of neutralizing antibodies against the virus in hospitalized patients. This chapter summarizes the potential outcome of CP therapy in the treatment of nCoV-2019 patients.
DNA Damage Repair Genes and Noncoding RNA in High-Grade Gliomas and Its Clinical Relevance
Authors: R. Parashar Tanvi , Ravindran Febina , Choudhary Bibha
Published: April 2021

Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors originating from the glial cells in the central nervous system. Grades III and IV, considered high-grade gliomas occur at a lower incidence (1.5%) but have higher mortality. Several genomic alterations like IDH mutation, MGMT mutation, 1p19q Codeletion, and p53 mutations have been attributed to its pathogenicity. Recently, several noncoding RNAs have also been identified to alter the expression of crucial genes. Current chemotherapeutic drugs include temozolomide targeting hypermethylated MGMT, a DNA repair protein; or bevacizumab, which targets VEGF. This book chapter delves deeper into the DNA damage repair pathway including its correlation with survival and the regulation of these genes by noncoding RNAs. Novel therapeutic drugs being developed are also highlighted.
Define the Process of Human Resource Integration in Cross-Border Acquisitions: Evidence from Chinese Oversea Acquisitions
Authors: Chang-Howe Wenjia
Published: April 2021

This research focuses on integration during and after mergers and acquisitions where one firm (Chinese) has a dominant position in comparison with another (Western firm). Using the critical incident approach, 30 interviews were conducted with representatives of 13 firms that have undergone Chinese-Western mergers and acquisitions (M&As) during the period from 2005 to 2019. This study aims to analyse the HR integration process in pre-and post-acquisition to determine the critical success factors, and present a framework that determines the success or failure factors and the actions required. The findings have important implications for an organisation post-acquisition phenomenon from a human resource point of view. As a result, it presents an overview of this critical post-HR integration phenomenon and posits that using an integrated approach from the human resources perspective is essential to ultimately enhance the acquisition integration success rate.
Management of Software-Defined Networking Powered by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ali Jehad , Roh Byeong-hee
Published: April 2021

Separating data and control planes by Software-Defined Networking (SDN) not only handles networks centrally and smartly. However, through implementing innovative protocols by centralized controllers, it also contributes flexibility to computer networks. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) and the implementation of 5G have increased the number of heterogeneous connected devices, creating a huge amount of data. Hence, the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning is significant. Thanks to SDN controllers, which are programmable and versatile enough to incorporate machine learning algorithms to handle the underlying networks while keeping the network abstracted from controller applications. In this chapter, a software-defined networking management system powered by AI (SDNMS-PAI) is proposed for end-to-end (E2E) heterogeneous networks. By applying artificial intelligence to the controller, we will demonstrate this regarding E2E resource management. SDNMS-PAI provides an architecture with a global view of the underlying network and manages the E2E heterogeneous networks with AI learning.
From Monolithic Satellites to the Internet of Satellites Paradigm: When Space, Air, and Ground Networks Become Interconnected
Authors: A. Ruiz-de-Azua Joan , Calveras Anna , Camps Adriano
Published: April 2021

From the first satellite launched in 1957, these systems always have drawn the attention of telecommunications operators. Thanks to their natural orbit, satellites can provide coverage to the entire globe or serve a vast region. Is this feature that makes them potential systems to extend current ground networks over the space. The first satellites were conceived as a single backhaul system to broadcast television or phone calls. Over the years, this concept evolved to a group of satellites that compose a constellation to interconnect any user around the globe. Nowadays, these constellations are still evolving to massive architectures with thousands of satellites that are interconnected between them composing satellite networks. Additionally, with the emergence of 5G, the community has started to discuss how to integrate satellites in this infrastructure. A review of the evolution of the satellites for broadband communications is presented in this chapter, discussing the novel and future proposed architectures. The presented work concludes with the potential of these satellite systems to compose a hybrid and heterogeneous architecture in which space, air, and ground networks become interconnected.
GNSS Networks for Geodynamics in the Caribbean, Northwestern South America, and Central America
Authors: Mora-Páez Héctor , Audemard Franck
Published: April 2021

For several years, under the framework of national and international projects, the number of GNSS geodetic stations has been increasing in countries located in the area comprised by the Caribbean, northwestern South America and Central America. Data from these geodetic stations have made it possible not only to meet the needs for geospatial information in each of the countries, but also to get a better understanding about the geodynamic interaction of the Caribbean, South American, Nazca and Cocos plates, as well as tectonic blocks wedged in between these plates. This article presents a brief description of the tectonic framework, the existing geodetic networks and the results obtained using data from some stations in the study area.
Palliative Care of the Infant and Child in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: McAllister Maeve , Crowe Ann-Marie , Ni Charra Roisin , Edwards Julie , Crowe Suzanne
Published: April 2021

In this chapter we discuss the delivery of palliative care in the paediatric intensive care unit environment. Illustrated by challenging cases, we describe the role of intensive care in symptom management for the child with terminal or life-limiting illness. We detail the importance of a multidisciplinary team and their roles in the provision of individualised care for the child and their family. The importance of family-centred care and advance care planning is expanded upon. In addition, we explore end of life issues that are particular to children in intensive care such as withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies and organ donation. Finally, we discuss how to ensure the delivery of high-quality palliative care in the paediatric intensive care environment.
Elucidation of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Significant Factors
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Tang Xiaowei , Ahmad Feezan , Hadzima-Nyarko Marijana , Nawaz Ahsan , Farooq Asim
Published: April 2021

The paper develops a framework to analyze the interactions among seismic soil liquefaction significant factors using the interpretive structural model (ISM) approach based on cone penetration test. To identify the contextual relationships among the significant factors, systematic literature review approach was used bearing in mind the selection principle. Since multiple factors influence seismic soil liquefaction, determining all factors in soil liquefaction would be extremely difficult, as even a few seismic soil liquefaction factors are not easy to deal with. This study highlighted two main characteristics of seismic soil liquefaction factors. First, the seismic soil liquefaction factors–peak ground acceleration F2 (amax), equivalent clean sand penetration resistance F5 (qc1Ncs), and thickness of soil layer F11 (Ts) influenced soil liquefaction directly and were located at level 2 (top level) in the ISM model, meaning they require additional seismic soil liquefaction factors except thickness of soil layer F11 (Ts) to collaboratively impact on soil liquefaction potential. The multilevel hierarchy reveals that depth of soil deposit F10 (Ds) is formed the base of ISM hierarchy. Secondly, Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliqués à un classement (MICMAC) analysis has been employed for evaluating these identified factors in accordance with driving power and dependence power. Factors with a higher driving power should be given special consideration. Autonomous soil liquefaction factors have no reliance on other soil liquefaction factors and interfere less. In order to identify the significant factors that affect seismic soil liquefaction susceptibility, the model built in this study clearly illustrates the complex relationships between factors and demonstrates the direct and indirect relationships.
Fixed point theorems of generalized multi-valued mappings in cone b-metric spaces
Authors: Gunaseelan Mani , Narayan Mishra , Narayan Mishra
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to establish fixed points for multivalued mappings, by adapting the ideas in [1] to the cone b-metric space setting.
Some best proximity point results for multivalued mappings on partial metric spaces
Authors: Aslantas Mustafa , Abed Al-Zuhairi
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we introduce two new concepts of Feng-Liu type multivalued contraction mapping and cyclic Feng-Liu type multivalued contraction mapping. Then, we obtain some new best proximity point results for such mappings on partial metric spaces by considering Feng-Liu's technique. Finally, we provide examples to show the effectiveness of our results.
Effects of perceived origin on anti-migrant sentiments and acts of socially induced hatred in Bulgaria
Authors: Spasova Lyuba
Published: April 2021

The paper studies the effects of perceived immigrants' origin on anti-immigrant sentiments in the Bulgarian society by focusing on social distance and some aspects of socially induced hatred towards immigrants. Spread and approval of hate speech and hate violence against immigrants and variations associated to the perceived different background and origin are analyzed. With respect to social distancing, two clusters are differentiated - "distant" and "close" on basis of origin and the differences between them are not only in the degree of acceptance, but also in the ranking of preferred roles. With respect to act of socially induced hatred results are more ambiguous. Origin has a substantial role on the spread of hate speech, but this is not the case with the spread or (perceived) involvement of different groups in violence. Inclination to intervene and stop violence differs according to the origin of victims and perpetrators and further studies are needed to identify determinants.
Influence of Free Surface on Hydrodynamic Lift Using a High-Order Boundary Element Method
Authors: Costa Amanda J. , Kowalyshyn Daniel , Tuil Kevin , Young Yin Lu , Milewski William , Kring David
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of hydrofoil simulations at varying depths below the free surface, in surface piercing conditions, and integrated with ship hulls. It focuses on the influence of the free surface on the hydrodynamic loads, susceptibility to cavitation, and resulting surface wave patterns. A fast, high-order, NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Spline) based boundary element method has been developed that includes both free surface boundary conditions and steady and unsteady iterative pressure Kutta conditions for simulating lift. Results from this method will be compared to published experimental results, analytical solutions based on linear potential theory, and numerical results from viscous simulations obtained using the commercial CFD solver, ANSYS CFX.
Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle (AAMV): Bridging the Maritime-to-Air Domain
Authors: James Daniel , Collu Maurizio
Published: April 2021

As high performance marine vessels with improved performance characteristics are being requested by governments (DARPA 2015) and commercial operators, the Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle (AAMV) provides a solution that combines speeds typical of rotary-wing and light fixed-wing aircraft with payload and loitering ability found in current high speed craft. The innovative AAMV hybrid aero-marine platform utilizes an alternative implementation of wing-in-ground effect (WIG), a proven technology with a fascinating history of high speed marine operation.

This paper outlines some challenges and the work completed towards the development of a hybrid class of vessel that is able to bridge the maritime-to-air domain, comfortably operating in the water surface yet still delivering the speed of aircraft during an airborne cruise phase. An overview of current WIG design is briefly presented, leading to the conceptual approach for the AAMV. Development and assessment of the aerodynamic properties of the lifting surfaces are shown, with analysis of several wing profiles and their effect on the total lift force, drag force, and pitching moment that directly influence the stability characteristics of the vehicle. A methodology for sizing an appropriate platform is summarized, along with experimental results of a high speed hullform with characteristics suitable for this intended application. Finally, particulars of a potential AAMV are derived using an iterative numerical method and briefly compared to current craft.

For close to a century, the influence of ground effect has promised economy for low-skimming flight over smooth water (Raymond 1921), a promise that has yet to reach its full potential.
Hydrodynamic Optimization of a Wedge Hull
Authors: Wang Lijue , Huang Fuxin , Yang Chi , Datla Raju
Published: April 2021

A novel wedge-shaped hull form is optimized for reduced drag using a further developed practical hydrodynamic optimization tool. The hull features a sharp entrance angle, rectilinear sides, sharp bottom edges, a triangular waterplane and a linear aftward taper from a deep bow to a shallow transom. The optimization involves two modifications of the hull form, one is to smooth out the sharp bottom edge with a rounded corner and the other is to generate a bulbous bow. In order to perform the hydrodynamic optimization of the hull, a Non-Uniform Rational BSpline (NURBS)-based hull surface modification tool, a NURBS surface mesh generator, a surrogate model and an evolutionary optimization solver are developed and integrated into the practical hydrodynamic optimization tool. The hydrodynamic performances, i.e., the total drag and the flow field near the obtained hull bodies are assessed and compared with the original wedge hull using numerical simulations. Results showed that rounding the sharp edge of the wedge hull can reduce the total drag by alleviating the flow separations around the hull body. The wedge hull with rounded bottom edge and optimized bulbous bow can achieve larger drag reduction and the flow separations are almost eliminated. The total drag of the optimal hull is compared with an earlier-optimized wedge hull that has a different type of bulbous bow, whose hydrodynamic performance has been validated by model tests.
Full-Scale Simulation-Based Hull Form Design for Large Medium-Speed Catamarans with High Fuel Efficiency
Authors: Haase Max , Davidson Gary , Friezer Stuart , Binns Jonathan , Thomas Giles , Bose Neil
Published: April 2021

This paper reports on a numerical study to obtain the full-scale drag force for large catamarans of 110 m to 190 m in length at medium speeds of Froude numbers between 0.25 and 0.49, which comprises vessel speeds from 16 to 41 knots. The paper concludes with appropriate values of slenderness ratios and transom immersion for the lowest total resistance at different Froude numbers, and appropriate hull lengths to achieve highest possible fuel efficiency for different drafts at speeds between 24 and 33 knots. These slenderness ratios, for lowest drag force, were determined at different Froude numbers of 0.25, 0.37 and 0.45.
Hull Form Optimization of a TriSWACH for Reduced Drag
Authors: Huang Fuxin , Wang Lijue , Yang Chi , Royce Richard A.
Published: April 2021

A new methodology for hydrodynamic optimization of a TriSWACH is developed, which considers the shape of the center hull only and its optimal results are not influenced by the position configuration of side hulls. In order to accelerate the process of the optimization, a practical multi-objective hydrodynamic tool has been further developed by integrating a surrogate model to approximate the objective functions and constraints. The proposed method and the further developed tool are applied to optimize the hull form of a TriSWACH with nine possible side hull position configurations for reduced drag. A considerable drag reduction is obtained by the optimal TriSWACH for various side hull configurations and speed range.
Politics, Disability Governance and Inclusiveness of Parasport Athletes in a Coronavirus Pandemic Aftermath in Africa: Observations from Nigeria
Authors: Okudolo P.T.I. , Ojakorotu V.
Published: April 2021

The paper evaluates politics and governance underlining disability inclusion development using reflections in parasport. Its thesis-of-thesis derives from the presentation of surveyed explanations from Nigerian stakeholders in the Paralympics sector to generalize for Africa. Before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, politics in Africa shows an abysmal scorecard in terms of combating discrimination against disabled persons. Accordingly, the continent's disability inclusiveness governance shows it is effectual. Thus, there is perhaps ample indication to adduce that sports politics will continually fail to achieve the inclusiveness of parasports athletes in a coronavirus epidemic aftermath. Using the Nigerian context, the paper gathers evidence from interviews with stakeholders and evaluative-secondary data in parasports concerning not only to responding to disability inclusion in sports but also to the wider politics of sustaining inclusiveness of Paralympic athletes in a post-COVID-19 era. The paper argues that the character of politics in Africa generally has not resulted in optimal investments, considerations, and willpower from political leaders to advance outcomes in the aspect of inclusivity of athletes with disabilities. It considers contextual factors that militate against achieving all-inclusiveness of disabled sports persons and how politics can be channelled to achieve their optimum well-being in the sports arena.
Regulējamu transformatoru energoelektronisko pārveidotāju izpēte un izstrāde
Authors:   , Priedītis Mārcis
Published: April 2021

Darbā aplūkotas inžekcijas transformatoru (IT) elektroniskās regulēšanas metodes, kas balstītas uz maiņsprieguma augstfrekvences impulsregulēšanu elektriskajās ķēdēs ar nolūku izmainīt gan maiņsprieguma, gan maiņstrāvas elektriskos parametrus (amplitūdu, efektīvo vērtību, fāzes nobīdi) IT regulēšanas ķēdēs. Šādas impulsregulēšanas metodes līdz šim ir maz pētītas. Darbā pievērsta uzmanība šo metožu padziļinātai izpētei, izstrādājot gan šādu sistēmu aprēķina metodes, kas balstītas uz modulētā maiņsprieguma un maiņstrāvas pamatharmoniku noteikšanu un to ietekmi uz elektriskās slodzes ķēdes darba parametriem. Šādā veidā pētītas gan vienpolārās, gan divpolārās, gan starpfāžu modulācijas sistēmas, kurās lietoti divvirziena vadāmības elektroniskie pusvadītāju slēdži. Izveidota modulēto sprieguma signālu LC filtrēšanas sistēmas aprēķina metodika, kas balstīta uz iepriekš minēto pamatharmoniku ietekmes metodi. Aplūkota arī šādu modulēto regulēšanas ietekmes signālu transmisija caur IT sistēmu un iespējas nodrošināt paplašinātu ietekmi uz IT slodzes parametru izmaiņu iespēju. Darbā aplūkotas iespējas izveidot jaunu modulācijas principu balstītas dažādu maiņsprieguma objektu elektroniskās regulēšanas un pārveidošanas sistēmas, piemēram, vienfāzes-divfāžu un vienfāzes-trīsfāžu sprieguma šķelšanas sistēmas. Visi piedāvātie tehniskie risinājumi pārbaudīti ar datormodeļiem, un rezultāti labi sakrīt ar teorētiskajiem aprēķiniem, kas ļauj uzskatīt, ka tehniskie priekšlikumi ir lietojami praktiski.
Reduced Meat Consumption: from Multicriteria Argument Modelling to Agent-Based Social Simulation
Authors: Thomopoulos Rallou , Salliou Nicolas , Abreu Carolina , Cohen Vincent , Fouqueray Timothée
Published: April 2021

A second nutrition transition seems to be emerging towards more plant-based diets, curbing meat consumption in developed countries at the beginning of the 21st century. This shift suggests that rational arguments tend to influence an increasing number of individuals to adopt vegetarian diets. This work aimed to understand and simulate the impact of different types of messages on the choice to change food diets at the individual level, and the impact of the diffusion of opinions at the collective level. It provided two results: (1) a network of arguments around vegetarian diets is modelled using an abstract argumentation approach. Each argument, formalized by a node, was connected with other arguments by arrows, thus formalizing relationships between arguments. This methodology made it possible to formalize an argument network about vegetarian diets and to identify the importance of health arguments compared to ethical or other types of arguments. This methodology also identified key arguments as a result of their high centrality in being challenged or challenging other arguments. The results of constructing this argument network suggested that any controversy surrounding vegetarian diets will be polarized around such high centrality arguments about health. Even though few ethical arguments appeared in our network, the health arguments concerning the necessity or not of animal products for humans were indirectly connected with ethical choices towards vegetarian diets; (2) an agent-based simulation of the social diffusion of opinions and practices concerning meat consumption is then introduced. The purpose of this simulation was to capture the balance of vegetarian vs. meat-based diets. It contributes to modelling consumer choices by exploring the balance between individual values and external influences such as social pressure, communication campaigns and sanitary, environmental or ethical crises.
Effect of Retort Processing on Low Sodium Instant Noodle Seasoning Based on Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Authors: cornelia melanie , Apriliana Angeline , Triyanti Irene
Published: April 2021

Increasing consumption of instant noodles with high sodium content could elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. Making instant noodle seasoning in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion was expected to improve the perception of salty taste without increasing the use of salt. However, the oil concentration in the emulsion affects the perception. The addition of antioxidant and retort processing was needed to overcome the nature of the emulsion that was quite susceptible to oxidation and microbial contamination. Preliminary research determined the optimum concentration of oil and antioxidant based on physical characteristics, the perception/gustation of saltiness, and emulsion oxidative stability and the results were used for further research. The final part of the research determined the effects of retort processing on emulsion stability, the perception of saltiness, and the degree of microbial contamination. Three different oil concentrations (26, 27, and 28%) and three types of antioxidants (natural vitamin E, ascorbyl palmitate and mixed tocopherol) were applied to the instant noodle seasoning oil-in-water emulsions. The results showed that using 28% oil and mixed tocopherol had the most stability, was more viscous, and had optimum salty taste perception, which significantly extended the shelf-life of the emulsion compared with the others. Retort processing for 21.5 minutes in 123.5 °C was applied to the seasoning emulsion with 28% oil content and mixed tocopherol. Although, the microbial contamination was significantly reduced, neither the stability of emulsion nor the perception of salty taste was significantly changed by the process.
Functional and Pasting Properties of Gari Produced from White-fleshed Cassava Roots as Affected by Packaging Materials and Storage Periods, and Sensory Attributes of the Cooked Gari Dough (eba)
Authors: Awoyale Wasiu , Oyedele Hakeem , Maziya-Dixon Busie
Published: April 2021

Gari (roasted fermented cassava grits) is the most popular product consumed in West Africa and an important food product in the diet of millions of people in developing countries. The study investigated the effect of packaging materials (PM) and storage periods on the functional and pasting properties of Gari produced from white-fleshed cassava roots and sensory attributes of the cooked Gari dough (eba). Gari was produced using the standard method and packaged in a polypropylene woven sack (PP) and polyvinyl chloride container (PVC). Gari was stored for 24 weeks at room temperature and sampled at four-week intervals for functional and pasting properties, and sensory evaluation of the eba, using standard methods. The results showed that the storage periods significantly affected all the functional (except swelling power) and pasting properties of the Gari, and PM had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the functional (except bulk density) and pasting properties. Also, the PM had no significant effect on the sensory attributes of the eba except for the mouldability (p<0.05). The setback viscosity of the Gari packaged in PVC had a significant (p<0.05, r= -0.58) negative correlation with the texture of the eba. The panellists preferred all the sensory attributes of the eba made from the Gari stored in PP compared to that made from Gari stored in PVC. Therefore, packaging Gari in PP may keep most of the properties preferred by consumers when stored for up to 5 months.
The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations
Authors: Petrilli Enrico , Beccaria Franca
Published: April 2021

Petrilli, E., & Beccaria, F. (2015). The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 37-43. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.193Background: In recent years, English-speaking and Northern European alcohol researchers have turned a historical gaze towards their subject, and in particular have explored how a medical view attempted to describe and explain phenomena such as alcohol abuse and addiction. Although there was a heated and prolific debate in Italy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there are few historical studies of the first scholars’ thoughts on alcohol-related problems.Aims: The article depicts how the Italian scientific community interpreted and explained alcohol-related concerns following the emergence of the alcohol issue in the late 19th century. Specifically, the stances of the two main groups of scientists who dealt with the issue, the Positive School of Criminology and Legal Socialism, are examined.Method: The article is based on the materials collected by the Italian research group during a comparative study carried out as part of the ALICE RAP project. More than 40 books and five scientific journals were consulted.Results: Medical-related concerns were never predominant in the late 19th-century Italian debate on the alcohol question, but were addressed in the broader discussion of criminality, where positivists’ and legal socialists’ perspectives both focused mainly on social consequences, albeit with differing interpretations of causalities and remedies.
Influence of NaCI on Seed Germination, Content of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sugars, and Activity of Photosystem II in Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves
Authors: Tagieva K. R. , Azizov I. V.
Published: April 2021

The effect of 50 and 100 mmol NaCl concentrations on seed germination, the content of green pigments in seedlings, and on the activity of photosystem 2 in seedlings of maize varieties Zagatala 420, Zagatala 514, Zagatala 68 and Gurur and hybrid Gurur x Zagatala 68 was studied. Plant seeds were germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes and pots with soil using 50 and 100 mmol of sodium chloride solutions. In two-week old seedlings determined the number of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of photosystem II. High concentrations (100 mmol) of NaCl reduced seed germination, pigments number, and photosystem II activity. At a salt concentration of 100 mmol, an increase in the carbohydrate content was noted. Varieties Gurur and Zagatala 68 and their hybrid “Gurur x Zagatala 68” were more tolerant compared to varieties Zagatala 420, and Zagatala 514.
Highly Oriented Zirconium Nitride and Oxynitride Coatings Deposited via High‐Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Crystal‐Facet‐Driven Corrosion Behavior in Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Dettlaff Anna , Brodowski Mateusz , Kowalski Marcin , Stranak Vitezslav , Prysiazhnyi Vadym , Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa , Ryl Jacek , Bogdanowicz Robert
Published: April 2021

Herein, highly crystalline ZrxNy and ZrxNyOz coatings are achieved by the deposition via high‐power impulse magnetron sputtering. Various N2 and N2/O2 gas mixtures with argon are investigated. The chemical composition and, as a result, mechanical properties of the deposited layer can be tailored along with morphological and crystallographic structural changes. The corrosion resistance behavior is studied by potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a sample of synthetic wastewater designed to imitate real‐life domestic wastewater. The corrosion current density of the ZrxNyOz coating is in the range of 33–70 μA cm−2, whereas for the zirconium nitride layers, values below 1.0 μA cm−2 are achieved. The highest corrosion resistance of 64 nm year−1 is observed for the ZrxNy coating deposited with 1.00% N2 content in the gas mixture with a corrosion potential of −0.41 V Ag/AgCl.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh‐Speed Friction‐Stir‐Welded Joints of In Situ Al3Zr Particle‐Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite Sheets
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Pinyi , Qiao Yuanpeng , Li Chuying , Jiao Lei , Lu Shengbo , Wang Jiheng
Published: April 2021

Herein, in situ Al3Zr + 6082Al aluminum matrix composite sheets subjected to ultrahigh‐speed friction stir welding (FSW) at welding and stirring‐head rotation speeds of 200 mm min−1 and 11 000, 13 000, or 15 000 rpm, respectively, are focused on. X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectrometry, microhardness testing, and tensile testing are used to investigate the microstructures and mechanical properties of the welds. The weld nugget zone (NZ) of the high‐speed FSW joint of the Al3Zr + 6082Al matrix composite sheet comprises mainly equiaxed recrystallized grains, the thermomechanically affected zone comprises equiaxed recrystallized grains and elongated plastically deformed grains, and the heat‐affected zone comprises recrystallized grains. Results show that the FSW joint formed at 13 000 rpm and 200 mm min−1 is extremely well formed and has a compact and uniform structure. The microhardness of the 13 000 rpm FSW joint is highest at an NZ hardness and tensile strength of 128.08 HV and 153.7 MPa (87% of that of the base metal), respectively.
A Versatile Approach to Boost Oxygen Reduction of Fe‐N4 Sites by Controllably Incorporating Sulfur Functionality
Authors: Shao Chunfeng , Wu Lingmin , Zhang Haocheng , Jiang Qike , Xu Xiaoyan , Wang Yinghua , Zhuang Shiguang , Chu Hailiang , Sun Lixian , Ye Jianshan , Li Baitao , Wang Xiujun
Published: April 2021

Although atomically dispersed Fe‐N4 on carbon materials (Fe‐NC) have enormous potential for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), precise control over the electronic structure of Fe to enhance the catalytic performance and a full understanding of the catalytic mechanism remain elusive. Herein, a novel approach is designed to boost the kinetic activity of single Fe‐N4 centers by controlling S‐doped content and species (namely, thiophene‐like S and oxidized S). Due to confinement and catalysis effects, the innovative strategy of combining a Mg(OH)2 template with KOH activation preferentially generates oxidized S and simultaneously constructs porous carbon with a high Fe loading (2.93 wt%) and hierarchical pores. Theoretical calculations suggest that neighboring S functionalities can affect the electronic configurations of Fe‐N4 sites and increase the electron density around Fe atoms, thereby optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediates and substantially accelerating reaction kinetics, following the trend: oxidized S doped > thiophene‐like S doped > pristine Fe‐N4. Benefiting from high activity and accessibility of Fe‐N4 sites, the optimal FeNC‐SN‐2 electrode displays impressive ORR activity with large power density while maintaining outstanding durability in Zn‐air batteries and microbial fuel cells. The work paves the way to prepare stable single‐atom metal‐Nx sites with heteroatom‐doping for diverse high‐performance applications.
Selective Excitation of Polarization‐Steered Chiral Photoluminescence in Single Plasmonic Nanohelicoids
Authors: Gao Han , Chen Pei‐Gang , Lo Tsz Wing , Jin Wei , Lei Dangyuan
Published: April 2021

The development of chiral photoluminescence (PL) has drawn extensive attention owing to its potential applications in optical data storage, biosensing, and displays. Due to the lack of effective synthesis methods, colloidal metal nanostructures with intrinsic chiral PL have rarely been reported. Herein, the chiral excitation and emission properties of single gold nanohelicoids (GNHs) are reported for the first time. By measuring their circular dichroism (CD) response and excitation/emission polarization‐resolved PL spectra, it is revealed that the intrinsic chirality arising from the geometric handedness of the GNHs induces the observed excitation‐polarization‐correlated chiral PL. Two models are developed to analyze the observed circular‐polarization‐steered effect: (1) a chiral PL phenomenological model quantitatively reproduces the PL dissymmetry features; (2) a chiral Purcell effect model reveals that the super‐chiral near fields in the GNHs account for the far‐field chiral responses such as the polarization‐steered chiral PL. The findings not only provide an important understanding of the physical mechanism responsible for luminescent chiral plasmonic nanostructures, but also expand the research on chiral PL‐active materials from achiral/chiral hybrid systems to metallic nanostructures with intrinsic structural chirality, thereby broadening the scope of applications in 3D chiral imaging and sensing as well as microstructure analysis.
Robust Biocatalysts Displayed on Crystalline Protein‐Layered Cells for Efficient and Sustainable Hydration of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Koo Bon Il , Choi Jae Woong , Song Seuk Young , Choi Ye Hun , Lee Tae Yong , Kim Shin‐Hyun , Jeong Ki Jun , Nam Yoon Sung
Published: April 2021

Mineral carbonation is the most effective carbon capture technique, but carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is limited by the slow hydration rate of CO2 (<10−1 s−1). A biological solution exists: carbonic anhydrase (CA) efficiently hydrates CO2 at a turnover rate of ≈106 s−1 under ambient conditions, making it an extremely attractive candidate for industrial post‐combustion CO2 capture. However, high cost and poor long‐term stability impose a technical barrier to its practical uses. Here, a genetically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is introduced as a robust cell display platform for the in situ stabilization and low‐cost production of CA. The enzyme is displayed in the mycolic layer with porin B as an anchoring protein with (GGGGS)2 as a spacer. The cell‐displayed CA exhibits no significant inactivation of the CO2 hydration activity for at least one month at 37 °C. Its denaturation rate constant at 50 °C (0.07) is an order of magnitude lower than that of free CA (0.52–0.54). This study demonstrates that a structurally robust cell template allows the effective stabilization of CA, suggesting the C. glutamicum‐based cell display as a promising technique to achieve highly efficient, sustainable, and low‐cost CO2 capture for industrial applications.