bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Intelligent Stage with Sensor-Less Cutting Force and Torque Monitoring Function
Authors: Kamigochi Takafumi ,   School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, Kakinuma Yasuhiro ,   Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
Published: April 2016

Intelligent machine tool is required to implement highprecision process monitoring for judging the abnormal tool conditions. Various techniques have been widely researched and studied to maintain machine tool in good condition and to detect tool wear. The occurrence of tool wear can be detected by monitoring the cutting torque, which is basic information for machining. The purpose of this study was to propose a sensor-less cutting force and torque monitoring method and to develop an intelligent stage using this method.
Trends in Industrial Automation and Academic Initiatives in the Philippines: Assessment and Analysis of Mechatronics-Enabling Technologies, Skill Set Demands, and Academic Relevance
Authors: Cuasito Ruvel J. ,   College of Industrial and Information Technology, Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Lapasan Highway, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Philippines, Sr.  , Namoco Consorcio S. , Jr.
Published: April 2016

The study covers the assessment of mechatronicsenabling technology utility and skill set requirements in the industry as it addresses issues relative to human resource quality as it relates to current industrial automation trends and practices in the Philippines. The results of the assessment of industry utilities and industry’s skills expectations are compared to an academic assessment conducted concurrently that utilized a common benchmark assessment instrument to evaluate student’s skills and competencies on the basis of their experiences. A comparison of corresponding results is expected to affirm, using valid statistical tests, the mismatch between the skills required by employers and those possessed by students. Apart from these assessments, a supplementary review and analysis of industrial automation and related programs offered under the umbrella of the industrial technology program in the Philippines is conducted by examining related program prospectuses and course content to check whether the actual core courses and laboratory support services jibe with the industry’s requirements. The outcome of the study suggests the need for an infusion of mechatronics-based courses and support systems into the industrial technology programs as a bridging intervention to mitigate the industryacademe imbalance identified.
Simulation of Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Behavior for Dual-Phase Steel by Multi-Phase-Field Method and Elastoplastic Finite Element Method
Authors: Yamanaka Akinori ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan, Takaki Tomohiro ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaidoucho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Published: April 2016

A coupled simulation method is developed by using a Multi-Phase-Field (MPF) method that is recognized as a powerful numerical method for simulating microstructure formation in material and ElastoPlastic Finite Element Analysis (EP-FEA) based on a homogenization method. We apply the developed simulation method to investigate the deformation behavior of DP steel that includes various volume fractions and morphologies of the ferrite (α) phase. To obtain morphological information on the α phase of DP steel, we performed MPF simulation of austenite-to-ferrite (γ → α) transformation during continuous cooling transformation. MPF simulation gives us the digital image of the distribution of the simulated α phase. Furthermore, we model the representative volume element, which describes the DP microstructure, on the basis of the obtained morphology of the α phase, and perform tension-compression testing of DP steel, including the simulated α phase. Through these simulations, it is confirmed that the developed simulation method enables us to clarify the effect of the volume fraction and the configuration of the α phase on macroscopic deformation behavior of DP steel, such as the Bauschinger effect.
Predictive Cutting Force Model and Cutting Force Chart for Milling with Cutter Axis Inclination
Authors: Matsumura Takashi ,   Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senjyu Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan, Shimada Motohiro , Teramoto Kazunari , Usui Eiji ,   Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
Published: April 2016

A force model for milling with cutter axis inclination is presented. The model predicts the cutting force and chip flow direction. Three-dimensional chip flow is interpreted as a piling up of the orthogonal cuttings in the planes containing the cutting velocities and the chip flow velocities in the inclined coordinate system with a ball end mill. The chip flow direction is determined to minimize the cutting energy consumed into the shear energy on the shear plane and the friction energy on the rake face. Then, the cutting force is predicted in the chip flow determined model. The presented cutting model is verified by comparing the predicted cutting forces to the measured forces in the actual cutting tests. As an advantage of the presented force model, the change in the chip flow direction during one rotation of the cutter is also predicted in the simulation for the cutter axis inclination and the cutting parameters. In the simulation, the effect of cutter axis inclination on the cutting process is discussed in terms of the tool wear and surface finish. The cutting force charts, in which the maximum values of the positive and the negative cutting forces are simulated for the inclination angles, are presented to review the cutter axis inclination. The applicable cutter axis inclination can be determined by taking into account the thresholds of the cutting force components.
A Determination Method of Cutting Coefficients in Ball End Milling Forces Model
Authors: Narita Hirohisa ,   School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
Published: April 2016

Cutting force is very important in predicting machining error, surface properties, and chatter vibration. Cutting process simulators based on cutting force models for ball end mill operations have been developed so far by a lot of researcher. This paper describes a new approach for determining cutting coefficients, which are indispensable in predicting cutting force, for cutting force models of ball end mills. The feasibility of the proposed method on cutting coefficient determination is demonstrated in this paper.
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Machining Polymer Infiltrated Calcium Polyphosphate
Authors: Vasilopoulos Theodoros ,   Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, Erkorkmaz Kaan , Ismail Fathy , Pilliar Robert M. ,   Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada
Published: April 2016

Calcium PolyPhosphate (CPP) is a biodegradable inorganic polymer that when formed as a porous structure with interconnected pores of a desired size range holds great potential for certain tissue engineering applications. While possessing desirable characteristics of biocompatibility with acceptable compressive strength, the brittle nature of porous CPPmakes it difficult to machine to desired form from blocks made by sintering CPP powders. To accurately generate anatomically conforming features, conservative material removal rates have been used. In this paper, we investigate the impact of polymer impregnation on the machinability of CPP. The choice of polymer and machining conditions is optimized using Taguchi approach to statistical design of experiments. A cutting force model has been developed for simulation purposes and is validated experimentally. The force model is used to determine peak loading conditions, which are considered in Finite Element studies to ensure that the implant, during machining, does not chip or break. The proposed cutting conditions are validated in rough machining of porous CPP implants (∼ 30 volume % porosity) where 8 times reduction in cycle time is achieved over earlier studies, while still producing desired shapes and surface features of excellent quality.
A Low Contact Force Polishing System for Micro Molds that Utilizes 2-Dimensional Low Frequency Vibrations (2DLFV) with Piezoelectric Actuators (PZT) and a Mechanical Transformer Mechanism
Authors: Chee Sze Keat ,   Mechano Transformer Corporation, 114 Kawasaki Business Incubation Center (KBIC), 7-7 Shin-kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-0032, Kanagawa, Japan, Suzuki Hirofumi , Uehara Junchi , Yano Takeshi , Higuchi Toshiro , Lin Weimin ,   Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan,   Nagatsu Precision Mold Co.,Ltd., 57 Nakamaruko, Nakahara-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongou, Bukyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,   Gumma University, 29-1 Hon-cho, Ota city, Gunma 376-0057, Japan,   Riken
Published: April 2016

This study proposes and develops a novel polishing system for micro molds which need high precision polishing, high aspect ratio of micro channel structure, or further miniaturization for micro channel structure. The proposed system has been named a “low contact force polishing system for micro mold utilizing 2-dimensional low frequency vibrations (2DLFV) with piezoelectric actuators (PZTs) and a mechanical transformer mechanism.” The system consists of 2DLFV with PZTs incorporated into the mechanical transformer structure, a low contact force loader, and a polishing tool. The shape of the polishing tool is flexible and can be changed depending on the complicatedness of the shape of the work. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the polishing system. The evaluation reveals that a convex removal footprint can be easily achieved with the polishing system. The fact that the relationship between the removal depth and the polishing time suit Preston’s law well shows a stable polishing process is realized with the system. The polishing performances remains the same even if the shape of the polishing tool is changed. This indicates that the system can use polishing tools of a wide selection of shapes, which allows the system to polish a large variety of materials and most of the complicated shapes of metal structures, achieving a dramatic reduction in surface roughness. The plano raster polishing results also show the system to be well suited to the dwell time control polishing because the results show the removal footprint to be proportional to the dwell time and the defined raster path. All in all, the system is a versatile polishing system capable of achieving the intended objectives.
A Study on Analytical Modeling for Machine Tool Production
Authors: Ota Keiichi ,   Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Matsubara Atsushi , Mizuyama Hajime ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
Published: April 2016

Machine tool production is dynamic and complex. Although significant research on short-term production planning has been done, it is still not clear how a shortterm production plan is made and conducted at an actual production site because implicit knowledge and know-how are often applied. In this study, we try to analyze production at an actual production site by modeling production system and short-term production planning. The results of the simulation using the model are compared with real machine tool production data and verified.
Newly Developed Controls for Arc Welding Robot
Authors: Hirota Yukinori ,   Panasonic   Welding Systems Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Inazu-cho, Toyonaka City, Osaka 561-0854, Japan, Mukai Yasushi , Kawamoto Atsuhiro , Fujiwara Junji
Published: April 2016

The most common shielding gases used in the GMAW process to weld mild steel are low-cost 100% CO2 gas and high-cost MAG (Ar-CO2 mixed) gas. CO2 shielding gas is not only cheaper but also produces stronger welds than does MAG welding. However CO2 welding causes more spatters, which adhere to the workpiece and can cause welding defects. Therefore, industry tends to use expensive but less spatter-generating mixed gas in order to reduce spatters and the cost of their removal. However, in order to reduce total fabrication cost, there is a need for improved welding techniques, ones which can use low-cost CO2 gas while maintaining a low level of spatter. There is also a need for a system that allows inexperienced operators to set the welding parameters easily. This is because the shortage of expert welders is making the setting of welding parameters difficult and wasting a lot of workpieces and time in the process. This paper deals with a new process and function Panasonic has developed to meet the aforementioned needs: 1. The Active Wire feed Process (AWP), which achieves low-spatter CO2 welding 2.Welding navigation, a function for our welding robots that allows inexperienced operators to set the welding parameters easily
Development of Deburring Technology with Whirling EDM
Authors: Lertphokanont Vitchuda ,   Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, Nakayama Atsushi , Ota Minoru , Egashira Kai , Yamaguchi Keishi , Kawada Naomi ,   Toray Industries, Inc., 1-1 Sonoyama 1-chome, Otsu-City 520-0842, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper describes a highly efficient deburring technology that employs Whirling Electrical Discharge Machining (Whirling EDM). Whirling EDM was developed because burrs on the backside of smalldiameter holes, such as cross-drilled holes are not easy to remove. Many short circuits occur, due to the design of the compliant tool and the tool’s uncontrollable deflection. Therefore, a feedback circuit was developed in order to increase the probability of normal discharge. In conclusion, normal discharge increased due to the feedback circuit, and Whirling EDM can successfully deburr the backside of small-diameter holes in a highly efficient manner.
Positioning Characteristics of a MEMS Linear Motor Utilizing a Thin Film Permanent Magnet and DLC Coating
Authors: Fujiwara Ryogen ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, Shinshi Tadahiko , Uehara Minoru ,   Hitachi Metals, Ltd., 2-15-17 Egawa, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0013, Japan
Published: April 2016

A high performance Nd2Fe14B/Ta thin film Permanent Magnet (PM) not only has a high remnant flux density and a high coercive force similar to those of a conventional sintered Nd2Fe14B magnet, but also has a high heat tolerance. Using a thin film PM, we developed a moving-magnet typeMEMS linearmotor consisting of a silicon slider including a multi-pole magnetized thin film PM, a linear guideway made from silicon, and a two-phase micro-coil. Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coatings were used in order to reduce the friction force between the slider and the guideway. The purpose of this study is to realize feedback positioning of the MEMS linear motor and to investigate the dynamics of the linear motor system. In a driving experiment, the minimum current and voltage to start the slider were less than 0.26 A and 0.6 V, respectively. In positioning tests, the positioning resolution and bandwidth were 100 µm and 54 Hz, respectively.
Calibration Method for Stereovision Measurement of High-Temperature Components Using Two Infrared Cameras
Authors: Song Le ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, No.92, Weijin Rd., Tianjin, China, Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: April 2016

The infrared vision measurement method has some advantages over visible vision in the measurement of high-temperature components. Infrared imaging is based on different imaging principles, however, making it unreasonable to adopt a conventional visiblelight camera calibration method directly. The present study proposes a dual infrared-camera calibration program in which we use the infrared imaging principle to measure high-temperature components threedimensionally. We use two ceramic balls as calibration targets against the background of an external hightemperature radiation source. Multiple feature points are generated from the precise movement of these targets. In order to improve the accuracy of the calibration method, we took the following approaches: A highly accurate edge-detection algorithm is realized by using a fuzzy neural network that is self-learning, self-adaptive, and utilizes fuzzy processing. We thus achieve a low signal-to-noise ratio and low contrast in infrared images. The distance between these two ceramic targets is used as a calibration reference to further reduce the temperature effect and to improve calibration accuracy and efficiency. The calibration results we got are an average residual error of 6.4134 µm and a variance of 2.9205 µm.
Design and Analysis of a Thin Film Permanent Magnet Actuated Micro Pump
Authors: Zhi Chao ,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, Shinshi Tadahiko , Uehara Minoru ,   Magnetic Materials Research Laboratory, Hitachi Metals, Ltd., 2-15-17 Egawa, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-Gun, Osaka 618-0013, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper we present the design, analysis and an experimental evaluation of a micro pump utilizing a 20 µm thick, 3 mm diameter Thin Film Permanent Magnet (TFPM). The pump includes an electromagnet that uses a magnetic closed circuit. The design of the electromagnet was optimized and was theoretically explained. A PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) diaphragm with a thickness of approximately 80 µm was used in the pump. The electromagnetic force on the diaphragmwas calculated using a finite elementmethod. Large deformation analysis was used to calculate the displacement of the diaphragm. The force and displacement measurements agreed well with those calculated by simulation. The performance of the fabricated pump was also evaluated. During pumping, the displacement of the diaphragm reached 500 µm, which is the same as the height of the chamber. Furthermore, because of the large displacement, the pump is bubble tolerant and self-priming. A maximum flow rate of 50 µL/min and a maximum pressure of 110 Pa were achieved. A square wave input signal was demonstrated to be more effective than a sinusoidal signal in generating a high flow rate.
Analytical Approach for Optimization of Chamfered Cutting Tool Preparation Considering Built-Up Edge Extrusion Behavior
Authors: Kiyota Hiroki ,   Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan, Itoigawa Fumihiro , Endo Shota , Nakamura Takashi
Published: April 2016

A built-up edge (BUE) that is formed adjacent to a chamfered cutting edge is extruded along the cutting edge, if the appropriate chamfer geometry is selected. If a sharper BUE is stably extruded with high fluidity, notch wear at the depth-of-cut line and adhesion of the work material can be prevented. In this study, an analytical cutting model considering the BUE extrusion with a chamfered tool is proposed in order to optimize the chamfer preparation, i.e., chamfer angle and coefficient of friction between the chamfer face and the BUE, for the advantages of BUE extrusion. In this analysis, an empirical cutting model employing the slip-line field method and a BUE extrusion model using the slab method are coupled by static mechanics equilibrium. By coupling the two models, the shape of the BUE is uniquely determined. The calculated and experimental results in terms of actual rake angle and cutting force are roughly in agreement. The analytical results indicate that sharpness and the fluidity in the BUE extrusion can be simultaneously attained by preparing the tool with chamfer angle in which the material stagnation proceeds until the actual rake angle is equal to the rake angle of the tool.
Modeling and Analysis of the Droplet Landing Process in Cell Direct-Writing
Authors: Renye Cai ,   Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi’an, China, Jin Huang ,   Research Institute on Mechatronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi’an, China
Published: April 2016

Cell direct-write, a promising technology for the creation of complex, three-dimensional tissue constructs, has great potential in tissue engineering, biological cytology, high-throughput drug screening and cell sensors. However, it has been found that cell damage due to the mechanical impact during cell direct-write is a possible hurdle for broad applications of fragile cell direct writing. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the continuously jetted cell droplets on the hydro-gel coating substrate. In order to avoid the element distortion due to large-scale deformation, a mesh-free Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method (SPH), is introduced to study the impact-induced cell mechanical loading profile during cell landing, including effective stress, plastic strain, velocity and acceleration, for better understanding and prediction of possible impact-induced cell damage. It is found that three important impact processes, cell-hydrogel, cellcell and cell-substrate impact, may occur during cell landing. It is concluded to decrease impact-induced cell damage, there are an appropriate firing period and jetting velocity.
Development of a Tactile Sensor to Measure Tire Friction Coefficients in Arbitrary Directions
Authors: Ise Taisei ,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan, Higuchi Masahiro , Tachiya Hiroshi ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Published: April 2016

In order to develop intelligent tires that measures road surface friction coefficients, the present study proposes a simple tactile sensor that measures threedimensional loads. The sensor is composed of a cantilever called a whisker that is fixed to a base. The base is an elastic plate that has three strain gauges attached to its surface equiangularly around the fixed point of the whisker. The whisker is covered in cylindrical rubber, and the bottom surface is used as a contact. When the sensor touches a surface with the contact and traces it, vertical and horizontal loads are applied to the contact, compressing and bending the whisker so that the base is deformed elastically. Strains induced on the base by this deformation are measured by strain gauges. The study proposes a method obtaining values of vertical load, horizontal load and its direction from measured strains. Accordingly, the proposed sensor measures threedimensional load and obtains the contact surface friction coefficient. In the study, we fabricate a tactile sensor prototype and show its feasibility.
Special Issue on Process Machine Interactions
Authors: Shamoto Eiji
Published: April 2016

Machining, such as cutting, grinding and polishing, is involved in the production of many industrial parts as one of manufacturing’s most important processes. Some of the parts are made directly by machining, and many other parts are mass-produced indirectly by machining through dies and molds. The accuracy of these components thus depends strongly on the machining process.

Machining is not an easy process, of course, since it generates large force and heat. Although machine tools are controlled to move precisely, the force and heat cause practical problems such as vibration, the displacement and deformation to mechanical structures, failure and wear in tools, errors of machining, measurement and control, etc. In many cases, these problems adversely affect or even change the process, which may cause further problems.

It is difficult but necessary to understand these mutual interactions to solve the problems and improve the machining process itself.

This special issue contains interesting papers that help answer important questions in machining, including the control, monitoring, simulation, and development of new fabrication processes. These papers promise to help improve machining accuracy and efficiency and to realize fully automated machining in the future.

We thank the authors for their insightful contributions and the reviewers for their invaluable advice that have made this special issue both fascinating and worthwhile.
The Use of Machine Tool Internal Encoders as Sensors in a Process Monitoring System
Authors: Beno Tomas ,   Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan 461 86, Sweden, Repo Jari , Pejryd Lars ,   School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 701 82, Sweden
Published: April 2016

Tool wear in machining changes the geometry of the cutting edges, which affects the direction and amplitudes of the cutting force components and the dynamics in the machining process. These changes in the forces and dynamics are picked up by the internal encoders and thus can be used for monitoring of changes in process conditions. This paper presents an approach for the monitoring of amulti-toothmilling process. The method is based on the direct measurement of the output from the position encoders available in the machine tool and the application of advanced signal analysis methods. The paper investigates repeatability of the developed method and discusses how to implement this in a process monitoring and control system. The results of this work show that various signal features which are correlated with tool wear can be extracted from the first few oscillating components, representing the low-frequency components, of the machine axes velocity signatures. The responses from the position encoders exhibit good repeatability, especially short term repeatability while the long-term repeatability is more unreliable.
Influence of Gap Phenomenon on Various Kinds of Powder-Suspended EDM
Authors: Takezawa Hideki ,   Department of Innovative Mechanical Engineering, Kogakuin University, 139 Inume-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0802, Japan, Asano Tadashi , Mohri Naotake ,   NEMY CORPORATION, 3-11-6 Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan,   National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation, 1-29-1 Gakuen-nishimachi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
Published: April 2016

Powder-suspended Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) produces a mirror-like finish due to the electrical discharge dispersed using powder-suspended fluid. Machined surface roughness differed, however, when several powders are mixed, so the influence of the gap phenomenon was not apparent. To vary the gap phenomenon in powder-suspended EDM, the gap region is observed using a high-speed camera. This report describes observation results in powdersuspended EDM.
Fundamental Study of the On-Machine Measurement in the Machining Center with a Touch Trigger Probe
Authors: Ihara Yukitoshi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan, Nagasawa Takehiro ,   R&D Department, HEIDENHAIN K.K., 3-5-6 Oyamagaoka, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0215, Japan
Published: April 2016

As it contributes to the reduction of processing time and to the raising of accuracy, on-machine measurement is growing in importance in the machining process. On-machine measurement includes the precise positioning of the work piece and the comprehension of its position or shape. However, errors in on-machine measurement could lead to errors in the measured values after the machining process is finished. In this study, measurements taken by the major touch trigger probes available on the market are compared using newly-developed on-machine software that can generate suitable NC programs for automaticmeasurement. As a result, more effective methods of on-machine measurement are defined through the identification of the abovementioned errors.
Reduction of Thermal Deformation in a Motor Precision Positioning Device Cooled by Peltier Elements
Authors: Nozaki Takashi ,   Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan, Otsuka Jiro
Published: April 2016

In a precision positioning device, positioning errors due to thermal deformation arise from heat generated by the motor and by friction between the ball screw and the nut. However, their proportional contributions to thermal deformation are not clear. In this study, thermal deformation was reduced by cooling the motor with Peltier elements, which had a beneficial effect on the precision of the positioning device.
Development of Shock-Wave-Powered Actuators for High Speed Positioning (Second Report: Characteristics of Diaphragmless Shock Tube and Responsiveness of Actuator)
Authors: Kotani Akira ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyota National College of Technology, 2-1 Eisei-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8525, Japan, Tanaka Toshiharu , Hirano Akira ,   Department of Energy Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
Published: April 2016

Shock tubes experiments are conducted on applications of shock waves to the actuator. The high-pressure and low-pressure sections of a general shock tube are separated by a diaphragm. In this study, a shock wave is generated by “diaphragmless shock tube” which is divided into two sections by a driver piston instead of the diaphragm. We have previously reported on the motion of a driven piston powered by a shock wave. However, not only piston speed but also high responsiveness is required for practical actuators used on manufacturing lines, in industrial robots, etc., The diaphragmless shock tube constructed in this paper is structured to be able to examine not only the motion of the driven piston but also the motion of the driver piston. In addition, the responsiveness of the piston motion of the actuator powered by shock waves is examined. It follows from what has been said thus far that a shock wave can be applied to an actuator with high responsiveness.
Decrease of Thermal Expansion of Ball Screw Used for Precision Positioning Devices by Peltier Module Cooling Based on Feedback Method
Authors: Zhu Ning ,   Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan, Koshimizu Shigeomi , Nozaki Takashi , Taneishi Kenichi , Otsuka Jiro , Shirai Takeki , Nishide Tetsuhiro , Togashi Tsutomu ,   Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, 1-10-40 Higashi Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japan,   THK CO.,LTD, 4-9-16 Higashikoujiya, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0033, Japan
Published: April 2016

Many methods of cooling precision positioning devices have been proposed and some have actually been applied. This paper proposes a new method by employing Peltier modules based on feedback to cool the stage as well as the bearing. A specially-designed experimental system is established for verification. As a result of a series of experiments, it is found that the total thermal expansion of the ball screw is within 0.5 µm.
Characteristics of Thick Film Deposition in Powder Jet Machining
Authors: Nishikawa Chihiro ,   Department of Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Mizukuchi Naohide , Tomie Akihiko , Shimada Keita , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: April 2016

Powder jet machining can be used for both material removal (abrasive jet machining) and material deposition processes (powder jet deposition) by changing the powder spray conditions. The transition from the removal to the deposition is investigated. The transition between these two phenomena, removal and deposition, is studied through simulating the impact phenomena of two alumina particles with a glass substrate using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in this study. Crystalline structures of an alumina film created were observed with a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Observation indicates that a thick multicrystalline film is created when the blasted particles are monocrystalline alumina. It is also concluded that fractures within the particle material are necessary for the deposition process, and that fragments less than 100 nm in size contribute to the deposition of the thick films.
Machining of Acrylic Resin Using Monocrystalline Diamond Endmill with Cutting Edges Formed by Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Suzuki Tsunehisa ,   Yamagata Research Institute of Technology, 2-2-1 Matsuei, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan, Saito Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

The cutting edge of a single-blade monocrystalline diamond endmill was formed using the Focused Ion Beam technique (FIB): the cutting edge was mechanically polished to a rake angle of -70° and then formed to a rake angle of 0° by FIB sputtering. The performance of the diamond endmill was evaluated for the machining of acryl resin. Grooves were cut into optical acrylic resin with the resulting endmill; characteristics such as the surface roughness, cutting resistance, and chip shape were evaluated. The improved sharpness of the cutting edge reduced the surface roughness and cutting force in the depth direction. The surface roughness did not fluctuate even under the conditions of a fast feed rate and deep cutting depth. A cutter mark was observed on the finished surface, and flowing chips were generated unlike the performance of the -70° rake angle cutter.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of Lithium Tantalate and the Influence on its Machinability
Authors: Hang Wei ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan, Zhou Libo , Shimizu Jun , Yuan Julong , Yamamoto Takeyuki ,   Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan,   Key Laboratory E&M, Zhejiang University of Technology, ChaoWang Road No.18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, China
Published: April 2016

As a typical multi-functional single crystal material, lithium tantalate (LiTaO3 or LT) exhibits its excellent electro-optical, piezoelectric properties and has now found many applications, such as electro-optical modulators, pyroelectric detectors, optical waveguide, piezoelectric transducers and SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) substrates. Although LT is known as a very brittle material, however, detailed summaries of its mechanical properties and machinability are not readily available yet. In order to clarify and understand the fundamental mechanical properties of LT, micro/nano indentation tests are conducted in this study to evaluate elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness. Other two typical single crystals of silicon and sapphire are chosen for comparison. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed to understand their behaviors in elastic, plastic (ductile) and brittle regimes, and the influences on their machinability in the machining process.
An Electrostatic Force Probe for Surface Profile Measurement in Noncontact Condition
Authors: Ito So ,   Department of Nanomechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan, Jia Zhigang , Goto Shigeaki , Hosobuchi Keiichiro , Shimizu Yuki , He Gaofa , Gao Wei ,   Chongqing University of Science and Technology, 24-5 Shenrenghui Building, Yangjiaping Heng Street, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
Published: April 2016

A scanning probe microscope with an electrostatic force probe has been introduced for the dimensional measurement of the surface profile measurement. Since the intensity of the electrostatic force is strongly depended on the distance between a probe and the sample surface, the electrostatic force probe can be used for the measurement of the surface profile in non contact condition. In order to detect the electrostatic force between the probe tip and the sample surface, a method of the frequency modulation AFM has been employed. When the bias voltage is applied between the probe and the surface, the resonance frequency of the probe oscillation is shifted owing to the electrostatic force. In this paper, the basic characteristics of the electrostatic probe are investigated, experimentally. And then, the absolute distance between the probe tip and the sample surface is calculated by using the differences of the frequency shift of the probe. Finally, the measurement of surface profile is demonstrated in non-contact condition by utilizing the developed electrostatic force probe.
The Characterisation of Energy Consumption in Manufacturing Facilities – A Hierarchical Approach
Authors: O’Driscoll Eoin ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, College green, Dublin 2, Ireland, Cusack Dónal Óg , O’Donnell Garret E. ,   Biomedical Device Industry Focus Group, I2E2 Co., Cork, Ireland
Published: April 2016

The continuing inflation of energy costs coupled with the imminent implementation of environmental taxes have placed the manufacturing sector under significant pressure to increase energy performance and reduce emissions. In order to alleviate the impact of this energy price rise, more and more research is focusing on the efficient utilisation of energy. In order to quantify the impact of any energy efficient machine tool or facility optimisations it is first necessary to robustly measure, map, and record the initial energy requirements. A hierarchical approach to the quantification and characterisation of electrical energy consumption within manufacturing facilities represents one approach that enables energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector. This research study applies the hierarchical approach in a multinational biomedical device manufacturing facility. A combination of energy measurement devices and systems are used to perform the quantification and characterisation. One objective of this research is to develop absolute energy transparency at each level of the manufacturing facility hierarchy.
Generation of Regularly Aligned Dimples on Triangular Pyramidal Patches Using Patch Division Milling
Authors: Xu Kai ,   Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan, Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

Textured surfaces play a decisive role in the development of many advanced fields. This study describes a new strategy for efficiently machining textured surfaces with regularly aligned cutter marks on a certain surface using a ball-end milling technique. This technique is called triangular pyramidal patch division milling, and it divides the target surface into many small triangular pyramidal patches. Each patch is generated using a helical tool path that rounds the restructured triangular pyramidal patch with variable distances. With this method, regularly aligned dimples can be formed by controlling the cross feed, feed speed, spindle speed, number of teeth, and side length of patch. Because the tops of patches are on the target surface, they cover the whole surface for obtaining higher precision and better surface properties. To predict the state of dimple alignment on an entire freeform surface, a 3D simulator is derived from 2D simulation by using Pro/E, a software application. According to the simulation result, regularly aligned dimples can be generated on the freeform surface by selecting suitable machining conditions. When textured surfaces are machined using ball-end mill and machining center, triangular pyramidal patch division milling technique is a very effective method.
Characteristics Analysis of Vacuum Gas Leak Detection Signals Based on Acoustic Emission
Authors: Zhang Tao ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R.China, Zeng Zhou-Mo , Li Yi-Bo , Wang Wei-Kui , Bian Xu
Published: April 2016

Gas leaks can cause major accidents resulting in both human injuries and financial losses. Vacuum pressureinduced air leaks lead to the emission of acoustic signals. Vacuum leak tests are implemented in this paper, and signals excited by leaks through apertures of three different diameters are investigated. According to the acoustic emission signal processing theory, several characteristic parameters were utilized to analyze the generation of continuous vacuum leakage acoustic emission signals. Applicable signal characteristics are used to distinguish the vacuumleaks through apertures of different sizes. It can be inferred that the acoustic emission method can detect vacuum gas leaks as they happen, and signal parameter characteristics analysis can be used to distinguish between the different aperture sizes. This paper is of practical significance to the work of acoustic emission vacuum leak detection.
Quality Control in the Third Generation of ISO – New Quality Engineering for Biochemical Analysis –
Authors: Iwaki Yasuo ,   Chaos Applied Research Office, 4-55 Otabicho, Koga, Fushimiku, Kyoto 612-8493, Japan
Published: April 2016

Since the uncertainty of measurement data was becoming complicated, ISO-26000s of the third generation was created from the technical field of Quality Control (QC). QC engineering started the first generation of ISO-9000s. The second generation of ISO-14000s and the innovation has continued up to now with new the third generation of ISO-26000s. The first generation has established a critical reliance and an assurance. A Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Reliance (QR) are problems utmost importance. The second generation has planned predication technology for QC. Further more Environment Assessment (EA) is important for the QA performance. Significant improvement is necessary better accuracy. Furthermore, performing management was adapted for EA. is represented by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA). Many rules for QC are made by the related organization. The third generation established a timeframe for making it sustainable to deliver social responsibility inmarket dealings. This study considers the third generation for biochemical analysis, and the verification is performed in the calibration curve. The first generation and the second generation are standard and regulation in nature, whereas the third generation is mere guidance and do not mandatory.
Gripping Force Feedback System for Neurosurgery
Authors: Fujihira Yoshinori ,   Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan, Hanyu Takuya , Kanada Yusuke , Yoneyama Takeshi , Watanabe Tetsuyou , Kagawa Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

A force feedback manipulator system was developed for use in neurosurgery. The system consists of a multidegree of freedom manipulator with a forcedetecting gripper and a device capable of using force feedback to display kinesthetic sense. The structure, which consists of parallel thin plates in the gripper of the manipulator, enables the detection of a gripping force and a pulling force, which can be used to grip and pull tumors. In this paper, we describe ways of improving the structure of the force sensor. Throughbilateral control, the operation device is able to display the gripping force as its driving force, and the pulling force as the frictional force between the display device and the skin of the finger. We also conducted experiments to test the force sense display capabilities of the developed system. The results showed that the system can display a force and the difference between the softness of different objects that are gripped. The ability of the system to identify different objects is increased by magnifying the detected force using an appropriate scale.
System Identification Method for Non-Invasive Ultrasound Theragnostic System Incorporating Mechanical Oscillation Part
Authors: Koizumi Norihiro ,   School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Oota Kouhei , Lee Dongjun , Tsukihara Hiroyuki , Nomiya Akira , Yoshinaka Kiyoshi , Azuma Takashi , Sugita Naohiko , Homma Yukio , Matsumoto Yoichiro , Mitsuishi Mamoru ,   School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we propose a method for identifying systems incorporating a mechanical oscillation part for a non-invasive ultrasound theragnostic system(NIUTS). The NIUTS tracks and follows movement in an area requiring treatment (renal stones, in this study) by irradiating the area with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Blur noise caused by oscillation of the mechanical system adversely affects the servo performance. To solve this problem and enhance the servo performance, it is first necessary to identify those parts of the NIUTS system that incorporate a mechanical oscillation part. Secondly, we implemented a mechanical oscillation suppression filter based on the abovementioned method for identifying the mechanical oscillation part.
Control Method Based on EMG for Power Assist Glove Using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke ,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, Noritsugu Toshiro , Takaiwa Masahiro , Konishi Hidekazu ,   Tsuyama National College of Technology, 624-1 Numa, Tsuyama 708-8509, Japan,   Furuno Electric Co., Ltd., 9-52 Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya 662-8580, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this study, electromyography is applied to a subject’s forearm to discriminate between intended finger and wrist motions and the resulting signals are used to control a power assist glove. This glove is designed to assist with grasping. The fingers and wrist are moved when the corresponding muscles of the forearm contract simultaneously. Therefore, the intention to move either a finger or a wrist must be discriminated to enable assisting a finger movement by this glove. The introduction of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) improves the ability to discriminate between these motions. In this study, the effectiveness of a discrimination method using SOM is verified experimentally.
Meal-Assistance Robot Using Ultrasonic Motor with Eye Interface
Authors: Tanaka Kanya ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan, Mu Shenglin , Nakashima Shota ,   Department of Electronic Control, Hiroshima National College of Maritime Technology, 4272-1 Higashino, Osakikamijima-cho, Toyota-gun, Hiroshima 725-0231, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a meal-assistance robot that uses ultrasonic motors (USMs) and an eye-interface. The proposed robot is designed with simple manipulators moving in orthogonal coordinate axes to avoid unsafe motion and vibration. With the application of USMs, the proposed robot has excellent features. In particular, because it does not interfere with other electronic devices, the proposed robot is satisfactory choice for medical and welfare facilities. Moreover, the proposed robot is designed to be controlled with an eyeinterface, which makes this robot much easier to use than previous models. The structure of the robot is introduced and its effectiveness is confirmed by experiments.