bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon SH-SAW-Based Electronic Nose to Discriminate and Classify Sub-ppm NO2
Authors: Cruz Carlos , Matatagui Daniel , Ramírez Cristina , Badillo-Ramirez Isidro , de la O-Cuevas Emmanuel , Saniger José M. , Horrillo Mari Carmen
Published: February 2022

In this research, a compact electronic nose (e-nose) based on a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensor array is proposed for the NO2 detection, classification and discrimination among some of the most relevant surrounding toxic chemicals, such as carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), benzene (C6H6) and acetone (C3H6O). Carbon-based nanostructured materials (CBNm), such as mesoporous carbon (MC), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine/reduced graphene oxide (PDA/rGO) are deposited as a sensitive layer with controlled spray and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques. We show the potential of the mass loading and elastic effects of the CBNm to enhance the detection, the classification and the discrimination of NO2 among different gases by using Machine Learning (ML) techniques (e.g., PCA, LDA and KNN). The small dimensions and low cost make this analytical system a promising candidate for the on-site discrimination of sub-ppm NO2.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Response of Rising Taylor Bubbles in Slug Flow
Authors: Titov Aleksei , Fan Yilin , Kutun Kagan , Jin Ge
Published: February 2022

Slug flow is one of the most common flow types encountered in surface facilities, pipelines, and wellbores. The intermittent gas phase, in the form of a Taylor bubble, followed by the liquid phase can be destructive to equipment. However, commonly used point flow sensors have significant limitations for flow analysis. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) can turn optical fibers into an array of distributed strain rate sensors and provide substantial insights into flow characterization. We built a 10 m vertical laboratory flow loop equipped with wrapped fiber optic cables to study the DAS response of rising Taylor bubbles. Low-passed DAS data allow for velocity tracking of Taylor bubbles of different sizes and water velocities. Moreover, we measured the velocity of the wake region following the Taylor bubble and explored the process of Taylor bubbles merging. The amplitude analysis of DAS data allows for the estimation of Taylor bubble size. We conclude that DAS is a promising tool for understanding Taylor bubble properties in a laboratory environment and monitoring destructive flow in facilities across different industries to ensure operations are safe and cost-effective.
Use of a Piezoelectric Bender Element for the Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes, with Applications to Laterite Soils
Authors: Iamchaturapatr Janjit , Piriyakul Keeratikan , Petcherdchoo Aruz
Published: February 2022

This study proposes the use of a non-destructive testing technique, based on piezoelectric bender element tests, to determine the initial and final setting times of metakaolin geopolymer pastes. (1) Background: Metakaolin geopolymer is a new eco-friendly building material that develops strength rapidly and is high in compressive strength. (2) Methods: The initial and the final setting times were investigated via bender element and Vicat needle tests. Metakaolin powder was prepared by treating kaolin at 0, 200, 800, 1000, and 1200 °C. All metakaolin powder samples were then mixed with geopolymer solution at different mixing ratios of 0.8:1.0, 1.0:1.0, 1.2:1.0, and 1.5:1.0. The geopolymer solution was prepared by adding 10 normal concentrations of sodium hydroxide (10 N NaOH) to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) at various solution ratios of 1.0:1.0, 1.0:1.2, 1.0:1.5, 1.0:2.0, 1.2:1.0, 1.5:1.0 and 2.0:1.0. (3) Results: The optimum temperature for treating metakaolin is established at 1000 °C, with a mixing ratio between the metakaolin powder and the geopolymer solution of 1.0:1.0, as well as a solution ratio between NaOH and Na2SiO3 of 2.0:1.0. (4) Conclusions: The use of piezoelectric bender elements to determine the initial and final setting times of metakaolin geopolymer pastes is a useful method by which to detect geopolymerization by shear wave velocity in a real-time manner. Moreover, the penetration of the Vicat apparatus can confirm the setting times at specific intervals. The relationships between the shear wave velocity and the Vicat penetration appear to be linear, with an initial setting time of 168 m/s and a final setting time of 187 m/s. Finally, the optimum metakaolin geopolymer pastes are applied to improve laterite soils, as measured by CBR tests.
Modeling the Sustainable Educational Process for Pupils from Vulnerable Groups in Critical Situations: COVID-19 Context in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia
Authors: Galkienė Alvyra , Monkevičienė Ona , Kaminskienė Lina , Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Käsper Maile , Ivanova Ilze
Published: February 2022

The critical situation in education caused by COVID-19 has significantly reduced the involvement of pupils from vulnerable groups, particularly those with low learning achievements. The aim of this study is to reveal the modeling of the sustainable educational process and the factors that ensure optimal learning achievements of pupils from vulnerable groups in general education schools in critical educational transformation situations. To reveal the factors ensuring the sustainability of educational processes, this study was conducted in three Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) involving 1432 subject teachers from public education schools. The results of the study highlight that self-regulatory collaborative learning has a sustainable, strong impact on the achievements of pupils with emotional and learning difficulties in various (stable and unstable) educational environments in all three countries. The development of digital skills, digital scaffolding, and technological provision for pupils with special educational needs enabled their teachers to have a sustainable positive impact on pupils’ learning achievements in Lithuania.
A Comprehensive Profile of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Water Column of a Shallow-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystem
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Zhang Lanping , Li Yufang , Liu Keshao , Liu Yongqin , Huang Sijun , Li Furun , Chen Chen-Tung A. , Zhang Yao , Hu Anyi
Published: February 2022

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) became an emerging contaminant, and were found to accumulate in natural and man-made environments. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity and abundance of ARGs in pristine environments is critical for defining the baseline levels of environmental ARGs. However, there is limited information available on the ARG profiles of pristine environments, especially for shallow-sea hydrothermal vents ecosystems. Here, we combined 16S rRNA gene full-length amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to study the bacterial communities, and ARG abundance and diversity in the shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem of the Kueishantao Islet. The results of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that several sulfur-cycling related bacterial genera, including Thiomicrorhabdus, Thioreductor, Sulfurovum, Sulfurimonas and Lebetimonas, dominated in the water column of the shallow-sea system. Temperature was the significant factor shaping the bacterial communities. The results of HT-qPCR analysis showed that the Kueishantao shallow-sea system harbored the lowest diversity (average 10 ARG subtypes) and abundance (average 1.0 × 10−3 copy per bacterial cell) of ARGs compared with other pristine (i.e., Tibet lake sediments, marine water and sediments) and anthropogenic-disturbed (i.e., drinking water reservoirs, urban ponds and wastewater treatment plants) environments. Procrustes analysis demonstrated a concordant pattern between the compositions of bacterial communities and ARGs in the shallow-sea system, while variation partition analysis revealed that the shared effects of physicochemical and bacterial communities explained >80% of the variation in the composition of ARGs. These results suggest that the vent bacterial communities and local environmental factors played an important role in shaping the distribution of the ARG profiles. Our study provides the first comprehensive overview of the background level of ARGs in a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem.
The Role of the Interface and Interface Management in the Optimization of BIM Multi-Model Applications: A Review
Authors: Hmidah Nawal Abdunasseer , Haron Nuzul Azam , Alias Aidi Hizami , Law Teik Hua , Altohami Abubaker Basheer Abdalwhab , Effendi Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja Ahmad
Published: February 2022

This review targets the BIM interface, the BIM multi-model approach, and the role of employing algorithms in BIM optimization to introduce the need for automation in the BIM technique, instead of complicating manual procedures in order to reduce possible errors. The challenge with adopting BIM lies in the limiting ability of computer-aided design (CAD) to generate a read-able and straightforward Revit by BIM, requiring the homogeneous data format to be generalized better and maintain a super data mod. Furthermore, the communication and management inter-face (CMI) faces some shortcomings due to limitations in its ability to recognize the role of the interface during the project construction phase. This review demonstrates several proposals to simplify the interface, in order to facilitate better communication amongst participants. The industry foundation class (IFC) model requires a new technique to unlock the potential future of intelligent buildings using the BIM multi-model approach integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT). Trials conducted to enhance the BIM model lack advanced methods for optimizing cost, energy consumption, labor, material movement, and the size of layout of the project, by utilizing heuristic, metaheuristic, and k-mean algorithms. The enhancement of BIM could involve algorithms to achieve better productivity, safety, cost, time, and construction frameworks. The review shows that some gaps and limitations still exist, especially considering the potential link between BIM and building management system (BMS) and the level of influence of the BIM-IoT prototype. Future work should find the best approach to solve facility management within the dynamic model, which is still under investigation.
Adaptive Dynamic Control Based Optimization of Renewable Energy Resources for Grid-Tied Microgrids
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Asghar , Asghar Furqan , Hussain Muhammad Imtiaz , Amjad Waseem , Munir Anjum , Armghan Hammad , Kim Jun-Tae
Published: February 2022

Renewable-energy-resource-based microgrids can overcome excessive carbon footprints and increase the overall economic profile of a country. However, the intermittent nature of renewables and load variation may cause various control problems which highly affect the power quality (frequency and voltages) of the overall system. This study aims to develop an adaptive technique for the optimization of renewable energy resources (RERs). The proposed grid-tied microgrid has been designed using a wind-turbine (WT) based distributed generation, a photovoltaic (PV) system, a diesel generator as an emergency backup, and battery energy storage system (BESS). The flexible (residential) and non-flexible (industrial) loads are connected with the proposed grid. Matlab/Simulink has been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization technique. Comparison with different in-use techniques shows that the proposed technique is more reliable and efficient than the state of the art optimization techniques currently in use. Moreover, this proposed system provides robust optimization of parameters of concern such as frequency and voltages, makes efficient use of the maximum power point tracking while regulating voltages, reduces the overall system cost, and increases economic profitability.
Estimating Driver Behavior Measures Related to Traffic Safety by Investigating 2-Dimensional Uncertain Linguistic Data—A Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
Authors: Farooq Danish , Moslem Sarbast
Published: February 2022

Human behavior has been estimated as a factor too uncertain and complex to investigate road safety issues. By utilizing recent expansions of ordinary fuzzy sets, experts in the field have intended to handle the vagueness of human behavior in sustainable transport systems by using linguistic terms for assessment. Pythagorean Fuzzy sets (PFSs) are considered a superior method that has been developed for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), which enables assigning of both membership and non-membership functions in a large domain area. A novel Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) is performed to assess and prioritize critical driver behavior criteria designed into a hierarchical model based on data gathered from observed driver groups in Budapest city. Accordingly, based on the aggregated weights, the criterion ‘lapses’ is prioritized as the most critical factor connected to road safety. The criterion ‘disobey speed limits’ is found to be the least critical factor, followed by ‘disobey overtaking rules’ as the second least. For a comparative analysis, the case of dependent criteria has been considered. Pythagorean Fuzzy DEMATEL method has been applied to determine dependencies between the criteria. Through the dependencies, a network of criteria has been constructed and the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) conducted to interpret the results. Moreover, sensitivity analyses have been carried out to examine its robustness by applying different case scenarios.
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Biomass Self-Sufficiency in the European Union
Authors: Vitunskienė Vlada , Aleksandravičienė Akvilė , Ramanauskė Neringa
Published: February 2022

Growing concerns over ecosystem degradation, climate change, loss in biodiversity, and rapid depletion of natural resources have urged societies of the developed countries all over the world to encounter the challenge of shifting from fossil-based to bio-based economies. With European Green Deal priorities on a transition to a climate-neutral economy with net-zero GHGs emissions by 2050, projected demand for biomass is 40–100% higher, relative to its supply. To provide an overview on the capacity of the European Union countries to satisfy its demand for biomass through the organic materials extracted directly from the domestic natural environment, the study aimed to assess the biomass self-sufficiency based on its domestic extraction-domestic consumption balance. Both the spatial and temporal variability of the self-sufficiency ratio are used to characterise the stability of capacity to satisfy our own needs for biomass in the EU economy as a whole, and at the level of individual member states. The findings indicate that the differences in biomass self-sufficiency ratios are quite high among the European Union member countries (i.e., in the range of 15% in Malta and 33% in Cyprus; up to 184% in Estonia and 224% in Latvia (on average in 2016–2018)). GMM analysis (EU-28, 2000–2018 period) is provided in this study to define the main statistically significant factors that have an impact on the biomass self-sufficiency ratio. This study contributes to the debate on the issues of biomass self-sufficiency in the context of ecological constraint and the EU’s Green Deal.
Valuating Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services: Systematic Review of Methods in Use
Authors: Ignatyeva Margarita , Yurak Vera , Dushin Alexey
Published: February 2022

The relevance of an ecosystem approach, which involves addressing ecosystems as an object of research, economically evaluating ecosystem services, and including the existing variety of evaluation methods and their classifications for the estimation of nature’s value, was the focus of this study. So, the aim of the current research is to develop an evaluation theory by refining approaches and methods for the economic evaluation of natural resources and ecosystem services. The research object was the evaluation practice of the former USSR, Russia, and countries outside Russia. Employing research methods of systematization and content analysis with evolutionary and ecosystem approaches, about three hundred scientific papers have been the subject of this review. The study (1) reveals the evolutionary changes in economic evaluation approaches and methods of natural resources and ecosystem services; (2) discloses the features of the existing classifications of economic evaluation methods; and (3) offers the author’s classification, which is based on the five classification criteria: evaluation type, evaluation approaches, evaluation character (nature), evaluation methods, and market discourse. We believe that understanding the development of scientific thought about evaluation methods and their classifications will make it possible to increase the reliability of the estimation results in natural resource and environmental economics.
Who Makes or Breaks Energy Policymaking in the Caribbean Small Island Jurisdictions? A Study of Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Peerally Jahan Ara , De Fuentes Claudia , Ince David , Vredenburg Harrie
Published: February 2022

While most studies view small island economies as a homogenous group with multiple similar vulnerabilities, few studies argue that they are a heterogenous group due to their political jurisdictions (independent versus dependent economies), with mostly environmental vulnerabilities in common. Departing from these two premises, our study is the first empirical attempt at examining inter-small island jurisdiction (SIJ) heterogeneity from the social construct perspective of stakeholders’ perceptions and within the context of environmental sustainability and energy policymaking. We quantitatively explore, across 34 Caribbean SIJs, multiple stakeholders’ perceptions of the influence of the electricity sector as a leader in environmental performance. The results show that when the governments of independent SIJs exclude electricity sector stakeholders and include other primary energy stakeholders in energy policymaking, the electricity sector actors are better perceived as leaders in environmental performance. In a global context where inclusiveness is important for sustainability, this finding suggests that within the systemic contexts of SIJs, stakeholders view the exclusion of powerful incumbent energy actors from policymaking as a viable approach for moving the environmental sustainability mandate forward. Our study has implications for policymakers and scholars on the democratic process of policymaking, and for practitioners in terms of building social trust.
Assessing Effectiveness of Humanitarian Activities against COVID-19 Disruption: The Role of Blockchain-Enabled Digital Humanitarian Network (BT-DHN)
Authors: Joshi Sudhanshu , Sharma Manu , Das Rashmi Prava , Muduli Kamalakanta , Raut Rakesh , Narkhede B. E. , Shee Himanshu , Misra Abhishek
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 214 countries across the world, disrupting the supply of essential commodities. As the pandemic has spread, humanitarian activities (HAs) have attempted to manage the various situation but appear ineffective due to lack of collaboration and information sharing, inability to respond towards disruption, etc. This study aims to determine and provide insights into the critical factors that may enhance the effectiveness of HAs during the pandemic. A systematic literature review was undertaken to explore critical factors and validated by experts using the fuzzy–Delphi method. These were further assessed to identify the cause-and-effect relationship by means of the fuzzy decision-making trial and laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The results show that building a blockchain-enabled digital humanitarian network (BT-DHN) is the most significant factor during the pandemic. The use of digital platforms for sharing real-time information enhances the effectiveness of HAs. This study offers stakeholders, policymakers, and decision-makers the opportunity to consider these factors in strategic planning to deal with pandemic disruption.
Evaluation of the Water Resource Carrying Capacity on the North Slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China
Authors: Zhi Xiaojun , Anfuding Gulishengmu , Yang Guang , Gong Ping , Wang Chunxia , Li Yi , Li Xiaolong , Li Pengfei , Liu Chenxi , Qiao Changlu , Gao Yongli
Published: February 2022

Water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is essential for characterizing the harmony between humans and water resources in an area. Investigation of the WRCC is useful for guiding the sustainable development of a region. The northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is an important area for the economic development of Xinjiang, China. In recent years, the supply of water in the area barely satisfies the demand. To quantitatively evaluate the WRCC, data for four indicators including the water resources, social and economic development, and ecological environment of the area were utilized. The comprehensive weighting method, which combines the entropy and analytic hierarchy processes, was used to assess these indicators. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was employed to evaluate the urban WRCC of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain for 2018. The results showed urban WRCC values varying between good and moderate for the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, and this indicates that the study area is in a loadable state. Although the water supply can meet the development of cities on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains to a certain extent at this stage, because it is located in the arid region of western China, the shortage and uneven distribution of water resources are one of the biggest limiting factors for the future development of this region. The findings of the present study provide a basis for the development, rational allocation, and sustainable utilization of urban water resources on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.
Interface Asymmetry Induced and Surface Pressure Controlled Valence Tautomerism in Monolayers of bis-Phthalocyaninates of Lanthanides
Authors: Kutsybala Daria S. , Shokurov Alexander V. , Martynov Alexander G. , Yagodin Alexey V. , Arslanov Vladimir V. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Selektor Sofiya L.
Published: February 2022

Supramolecular systems based on transition metal complexes capable of reversible redox isomerization due to intramolecular electron transfer are one of the most interesting objects from the viewpoint of molecular switches’ design. In the present work, a comparative analysis of valence transformation of lanthanide complexes (Sm, Er, Tm and Yb) with donor-substituted bis-phthalocyaninates occurring during the formation and compression–extension of Langmuir monolayers was carried out using data of UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. It is shown that the numerical values of the Q-band positions in the absorption spectra for the extended monolayers of the complexes under study depend linearly on the ionic radius of the metal center, if the metals have an oxidation state of +2. This makes it possible to draw a direct analogy between the behavior of the studied compounds and analogous europium and cerium complexes, for which direct evidence of the valence tautomerism in such planar systems was obtained earlier. This led to the conclusion that the intramolecular electron transfer from the phthalocyanine ligand to the central metal ion [Ln3+(R4Pc2−)(R4Pc•−)]0→[Ln2+(R4Pc•−)2]0 occurs when solutions of donor-substituted bis-phthalocyaninates of samarium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium are deposited onto the water subphase, and the reverse redox-isomeric transition is observed in most cases when the monolayer is compressed to high surface pressures. The first of these switches is related to the asymmetry of the air/water interface, and the second one is controlled by the lateral compression–expansion of the monolayer. It has been demonstrated that when bis-phthalocyanine monolayers of lanthanides with variable valence are transferred to solid substrates, the valence state of the metal center, and consequently, the redox-isomeric state of the complex, do not change. This means that we are able to form films with a predetermined state of the complex. Note that the redox-isomeric state of complexes should affect the entire range of physicochemical properties of such films.
Local Cytotoxic Effects in Cobra Envenoming: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lin Jing-Hua , Sung Wang-Chou , Mu Han-Wei , Hung Dong-Zong
Published: February 2022

The cobra (genus Naja (N.)) is one of the most common venomous snakes. Due to its frequency and deadly complications of muscle paralysis, local necrosis, and chronic musculoskeletal disability, it should not be ignored. The pathology of devastating tissue destruction, even though specific antivenoms exist, is not fully clear. Here, we attempted to dig in envenomed tissues to study the clinical toxicology of cobra venom. Four cases of N. atra snake envenomation, in which the subjects developed advanced tissue injury, were involved in this study. We used enzyme-ligand sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) to assay the whole venom, cytotoxin A3 and short-chain neurotoxin (sNTX) in blood, bullae, wound discharge, and debrided tissue. We found that persistently high concentrations of venom and toxins, especially cytotoxin A3, were detected in bullae, wound discharge fluid and necrotic tissue of these patients even after large doses of specific antivenom treatment, and wide excision and advanced debridement could largely remove these toxins, lessen the size of necrosis, and promote wound healing. We also found that the point-of-care apparatus, ICT-Cobra kit, might be used to promptly monitor the wound condition and as one of the indicators of surgical intervention in cases of cobra envenomation in Taiwan.
Full Genome of batCoV/MinFul/2018/SriLanka, a Novel Alpha-Coronavirus Detected in Miniopterus fuliginosus, Sri Lanka
Authors: Muzeniek Therese , Perera Thejanee , Siriwardana Sahan , Bas Dilara , Kaplan Fatimanur , Öruc Mizgin , Becker-Ziaja Beate , Perera Inoka , Weerasena Jagathpriya , Handunnetti Shiroma , Schwarz Franziska , Premawansa Gayani , Premawansa Sunil , Yapa Wipula , Nitsche Andreas , Kohl Claudia
Published: February 2022

Coronaviruses (CoV) are divided into the genera α-CoVs, β-CoVs, γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs. Of these, α-CoVs and β-CoVs are solely capable of causing infections in humans, resulting in mild to severe respiratory symptoms. Bats have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for CoVs belonging to these two genera. Consequently, research on bat populations, CoV prevalence in bats and genetic characterization of bat CoVs is of special interest to investigate the potential transmission risks. We present the genome sequence of a novel α-CoV strain detected in rectal swab samples of Miniopterus fuliginosus bats from a colony in the Wavul Galge cave (Koslanda, Sri Lanka). The novel strain is highly similar to Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1, an α-CoV located in the subgenus of Minunacoviruses. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a high identity of the novel strain to other α-CoVs derived from Miniopterus bats, while human-pathogenic α-CoV strains like HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 were more distantly related. Comparison with selected bat-related and human-pathogenic strains of the β-CoV genus showed low identities of ~40%. Analyses of the different genes on nucleotide and amino acid level revealed that the non-structural ORF1a/1b are more conserved among α-CoVs and β-CoVs, while there are higher variations in the structural proteins known to be important for host specificity. The novel strain was named batCoV/MinFul/2018/SriLanka and had a prevalence of 50% (66/130) in rectal swab samples and 58% (61/104) in feces samples that were collected from Miniopterus bats in Wavul Galge cave. Based on the differences between strain batCoV/MinFul/2018/SriLanka and human-pathogenic α-CoVs and β-CoVs, we conclude that there is a rather low transmission risk to humans. Further studies in the Wavul Galge cave and at other locations in Sri Lanka will give more detailed information about the prevalence of this virus.
Leishmaniac Quest for Developing a Novel Vaccine Platform. Is a Roadmap for Its Advances Provided by the Mad Dash to Produce Vaccines for COVID-19?
Authors: Chang Kwang Poo , Reynolds Joseph M. , Liu Ying , He Johnny J.
Published: February 2022

“Bugs as drugs” in medicine encompasses the use of microbes to enhance the efficacy of vaccination, such as the delivery of vaccines by Leishmania—the protozoan etiological agent of leishmaniasis. This novel approach is appraised in light of the successful development of vaccines for Covid-19. All relevant aspects of this pandemic are summarized to provide the necessary framework in contrast to leishmaniasis. The presentation is in a side-by-side matching format with particular emphasis on vaccines. The comparative approach makes it possible to highlight the timeframe of the vaccine workflows condensed by the caveats of pandemic urgency and, at the same time, provides the background of Leishmania behind its use as a vaccine carrier. Previous studies in support of the latter are summarized as follows. Leishmaniasis confers life-long immunity on patients after cure, suggesting the effective vaccination is achievable with whole-cell Leishmania. A new strategy was developed to inactivate these cells in vitro, rendering them non-viable, hence non-disease causing, albeit retaining their immunogenicity and adjuvanticity. This was achieved by installing a dual suicidal mechanism in Leishmania for singlet oxygen (1O2)-initiated inactivation. In vitro cultured Leishmania were genetically engineered for cytosolic accumulation of UV-sensitive uroporphyrin I and further loaded endosomally with a red light-sensitive cationic phthalocyanine. Exposing these doubly dye-loaded Leishmania to light triggers intracellular production of highly reactive but extremely short-lived 1O2, resulting in their rapid and complete inactivation. Immunization of susceptible animals with such inactivated Leishmania elicited immunity to protect them against experimental leishmaniasis. Significantly, the inactivated Leishmania was shown to effectively deliver transgenically add-on ovalbumin (OVA) to antigen-presenting cells (APC), wherein OVA epitopes were processed appropriately for presentation with MHC molecules to activate epitope-specific CD8+ T cells. Application of this approach to deliver cancer vaccine candidates, e.g., enolase-1, was shown to suppress tumor development in mouse models. A similar approach is predicted to elicit lasting immunity against infectious diseases, including complementation of the spike protein-based vaccines in use for COVID-19. This pandemic is devastating, but brings to light the necessity of considering many facets of the disease in developing vaccination programs. Closer collaboration is essential among those in diverse disciplinary areas to provide the roadmap toward greater success in the future. Highlighted herein are several specific issues of vaccinology and new approaches worthy of consideration due to the pandemic.
Vet-OncoNet: Developing a Network of Veterinary Oncology and Reporting a Pioneering Portuguese Experience
Authors: Pinello Katia , Pires Isabel , Castro Ana Filipa , Carvalho Paulo Tiago , Santos Andreia , de Matos Augusto , Queiroga Felisbina , Niza-Ribeiro João
Published: February 2022

Vet-OncoNet is a replicable tripartite animal cancer database with the scientific and academic purposes of collecting data and producing evidence-based knowledge for cancer science in general. Inspired by the One Health vision, Vet-OncoNet uses business intelligence tools to optimize the process of capturing, treating, and reporting animal cancer data to a national level in three interfaces: ACR (animal cancer registry, pathology-based), COR (clinical oncology registry, vet practice-based) and RFR (risk factor registry, owner-based). The first results show that skin and mammary gland are by far the most affected systems. Mast cell tumors and complex adenoma of the mammary gland are the most frequent histologic type in dogs, while in cats they are squamous cell carcinomas, tubular adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland and lymphomas. Regarding COR, it provides valuable information on the landscape of veterinary oncology practices, therapeutics options, outcomes and owners’ drivers’ adherence towards therapies, which range from 30% up to 80% upon vet practices. Furthermore, being aware of the role of animals within the family and as possible sentinels of environmental risks to cancer in humans, the network built an interface (Pet-OncoNet) dedicated to owners and a database (RFR) that receives information regarding pets and owners’ daily habits.
Baseflow Separation Using the Digital Filter Method: Review and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Kang Taeuk , Lee Sangho , Lee Namjoo , Jin Youngkyu
Published: February 2022

The baseflow separation method based on a digital filter is a simple method for separating the baseflow from streamflow. Appropriate estimation of filter parameters is required to use the digital filter method for analysis. We carried out sensitivity analysis on four digital filter methods: Lyne–Hollick (LH), Chapman, Chapman and Maxwell (CM), and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA). Furthermore, appropriate filter parameters were suggested for each method in this study. By applying them to 25 stage stations in the Nakdong River in the Republic of Korea, the four methods were evaluated. The results of the evaluation showed that the Chapman and CM methods had problems separating the baseflow during the dry seasons. The EWMA and LH methods were able to achieve reliable baseflow separation of the outcomes by selecting appropriate the filter parameters. Thus, the EWMA and LH methods can be used easily and reasonably among the digital filter methods that have one filter parameter.
The Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Combined Rice-Shrimp Farming System in the Coastal Area of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Nam Nguyen Dinh Giang , Giao Nguyen Thanh , Nguyen Minh N. , Downes Nigel K. , Ngan Nguyen Vo Chau , Anh Le Hoang Hai , Trung Nguyen Hieu
Published: February 2022

An assessment of varying density, species composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in a combined rice-shrimp culture was carried out in My Xuyen district, Soc Trang province in the Vietnamese Mekong delta. Water was sampled six times at six separate locations within the culture system, on days 1, 20, 34, 57, 68, and day 81 of the rice-shrimp crop cycle. The results showed the abundance of 95 phytoplankton species belonging to five phyla including Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, and Pyrrophyta. The values of Shannon–Wiener index indicated high phytoplankton diversity, while the water quality ranged from medium to good. A Cluster Analysis showed that the phytoplankton density variation can be divided into three distinct periods. The initial phase of crop growth was dominated by Pandorina morum, Pediastrum simplex, Eudorina elegans, Oscillatoria limosa, and Anabaena circinalis. The midstage, reproductive phase of crop growth was dominated by Scenedesnus acuminatus, Pediastrum duplex, Closterinm setaceum, Scenedesnus quadricauda, and Actinastnum hantzschii. Whereas Scenedesnus acuminatus, Scenedesnus quadricauda, Closterinm closterioides, Staurastrum arcuatum, Euglena nhrenbergii, and Phacus lnsmorensis were dominant at the end of crop cycle. The findings provide useful information on phytoplankton assemblages in a typical rice-shrimp culture, which has recently gained popularity as an adaptive livelihood system.
Characteristic and Attribution of Runoff Variation in the Yanhe River Basin, Loess Plateau, Based on the Budyko Hypothesis
Authors: Hou Kun , Wang Jiping , Wang Xiuru
Published: February 2022

The ecological restoration projects in the Loess Plateau (LP) has significantly altered the underlying surface conditions, coupled with a warming–wetting climate, which has profoundly affected the regional water cycle. Evaluating the response of runoff to external environmental change and quantitatively identifying the contribution of anthropogenic interference and climate change are prerequisites for efficient utilization of water resources in arid/semi-arid regions. Daily recorded data of hydrological and meteorological elements between 1969 and 2019 and the elasticity coefficient method based on Budyko hypothesis were used for attribution analysis of runoff change in the Yanhe River basin. The results show the following: (1) the measured runoff decreased significantly (p < 0.05, –0.2845 mm year−1), and suggested substantial difference before and after 2000; (2) the area of woodland and grassland had a sharp increase from 2000, while the elasticity of runoff to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and vegetation all decreased; (3) the improvement of underlying surface conditions has become the leading factor of runoff reduction with a contribution of 96.78%; (4) the impact of vegetation restoration on runoff reduction is effective within a certain threshold. We consider that more attention should be paid to the afforestation scale and its possible negative eco-hydrological effects in future ecological restoration.
Safety and clinical use rules of donor blood and (or) its components
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Guseva Larisa Vasilievna
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to an urgent problem of public health — transfusion of donor blood and (or) its components. The author examines the issues of the safety of the process of clinical use of blood and (or) its components, complications of transfusion in the light of the regulatory legal acts that came into force on January 01, 2021. The stated information indicates the role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of transfusion.
Rehabilitation of patients who had a new coronaviral infection at the ambulatory stage
Authors:   SBHI SR «Samara City Polyclinic No. 6 of Industrial District», Shatalova Irina Viktorovna , Dergunova Natalya Petrovna ,   SBHI SR «Samara City Polyclinic No. 6 of Industrial District»
Published: February 2022

A serious illness in a family member affects more than just the person who is sick. It disrupts the usual course of life for all family members, introduces restrictions, requires the creation of a special regime for the patient, redistribution of responsibilities, makes them change plans for the future, feel a sense of fear, uncertainty, helplessness that grips the patient and his loved ones. Most often, health is determined not by the absence of diseases, but by the ability to successfully overcome them. A nurse solves issues of attitude to health problems, illness, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention. It helps not only to adapt to patient care and treatment, but also to actively guide and correct rehabilitation, both physical and psychological. A negative PCR test and hospital discharge does not mean that the coronavirus is completely defeated.
New treatment techniques in magnetotherapy
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Healthcare Institution MRC «Sergievskie Mineralnye Vody» FMBA of Russia, Dmitrieva Larisa Nikolaevna , Novikova Svetlana Vladimirovna ,   Federal State Budgetary Healthcare Institution MRC «Sergievskie Mineralnye Vody» FMBA of Russia
Published: February 2022

Within the framework of the study, several methods were analyzed using the latest magnetotherapy devices, a comparative assessment of new equipment, the number of procedures dispensed on these devices was given, and the effectiveness and quality of treatment were studied.
Features of conducting diagnostic studies in the conditions of COVID-19 at the stage of the patient’s application for help in SBHI SR SSXH no. 1 names after N. I. Pirogov
Authors:   SBHI SR «Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. I. Pirogov», Popova Elena Valentinovna , Shestukhina Marina Nikolaevna ,   SBHI SR «Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. I. Pirogov»
Published: February 2022

Diagnostic studies are one of the main ones in making a diagnosis to a patient who seeks medical help. There are a large number of diagnostic methods for examining patients — these are magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, X-ray and fluoroscopic examinations, ultrasound and functional diagnostic methods, endoscopic, clinical and laboratory examination.
Features of work in the dispensary of the narcological profile
Authors:   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Fomichev Danil Sergeevich
Published: February 2022

The use of psychoactive substances has a negative impact on both the health of each person and the health of the population as a whole: morbidity, mortality, and disability are increasing, and the birth rate is falling. Serious economic damage is inflicted on society. The state spends huge sums on the provision of medical care, the implementation of law enforcement measures, suffers losses from a decrease in labor productivity, from the commission of crimes in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication. Smoking, drug or alcohol use by women during pregnancy places an additional burden on society in addressing social problems, including caring for children without parental care.
Gastrointestinal tract damage under COVID-19 conditions
Authors:   SBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Skvortsov Vsevolod Vladimirovich , Durnoglazova Kristina Aleksandrovna ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: February 2022

This review is devoted to the issues of the clinical picture, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Scientific validity of the application of Taylorism policy to scientific work in the post-industrial digital economy
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Mirgorodskaya O. Yu.
Published: February 2022

Labor rationing as an element of the scientific organization of personnel labor is a process of regulation of labor costs in the form of labor norms. Labor input rates as a measure of labor should be scientifically substantiated, since they actively affect labor productivity and ensure the rational use of human resources. The existing types of substantiation of labor standards are focused on the effective use of technology, the optimal organization of the production process, psychophysiological substantiation of the intensity of labor, and the social attractiveness of labor. Based on the analysis of the existing methodology of labor rationing and the results of studies by physiologists and psychologists that reveal the process of mental creative labor, it is shown that the application of a labor rationing system to scientific work based on the measurement of observed labor elements does not have scientific evidence and cannot be implemented. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/scientific-validity-of-the-application-of-taylorism-policy-to-scientific-work-in-the-post-industrial-digital-economy/78101.html
Motivational programs of the organization and their effectiveness
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Bobkova E. , Sidorov N.V. ,   Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes motivational programs and programs for the involvement of personnel in a real company, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the organization’s employees.
Methodological approaches for assessing the effectiveness of the company
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Law, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Artemova I.I. , Repnikova V.M. ,   Department of Entrepreneurship and Logistics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research carried out in the article was to assess the methodological approaches to the analysis of business processes of modern enterprise management. Based on the studied scientific materials, it was found that modern researchers distinguish between qualitative and quantitative analysis of business processes. The use of qualitative analysis methods allows you to structure processes, eliminate bottlenecks and determine the order of their improvement. Methods of quantitative analysis, in contrast to qualitative ones, operate with facts, numerical values and avoid subjective assessments and erroneous interpretations obtained as a result of insufficient formalization of conclusions.
Features of delegation of powers in the context of the development of remote control technologies
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of RANEPA, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Taranenko D.P. , Kolesnikov A.V. ,   Department of Organizational and Management Innovations, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow
Published: February 2022

The article discusses important issues of the essence of delegation of powers in the conditions of remote work and in the development of remote control technologies.
Human resource management in the digital economy
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Solomatina D.R. , Kolesnikov A.V. ,   Department of Organizational and Management Innovations, PRUE. G.V. Plekhanova, Moscow
Published: February 2022

In this article there are considered main features in human resource management in digital economy as well as its positive and negative sides; HR process transformation and resource efficiency management.
Художня інтерпретація кінороботи “Граф Монте Крісто“ (сучасне повідомлення для сучасного суспільства)
Authors: Орбан Кароль
Published: February 2022

Протягом останнього десятиліття двадцятого століття легендарний роман Олександра Дюма “Граф Монте Крісто”, декілька раз був успішно трансльований по телевізору з невеликими варіаціями контексту оригінального твору (різне закінчення) для того, щоби зберегти динамізм і привабливість самого медіапродукту. Праця над фільмомо була заснована на високій стилізації, її загальний характер посилювався за рахунок домінуючих художніх сцен та високоякісних знімків камери інтер'єру та екстер'єру приміщень для зйомок. Глядач відчув психологічну вдачу героїв фільму, а їх переважний спосіб дії повністю відповідає книжковому твору, тобто, контекст оригінальності цілком зберігся. У статті описано технічні, психологічні та особливо ціннісні аспекти у формі визначення ключового повідомлення для сучасних соціальних подій.