bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glaucoma and cognitive function trajectories in a population‐based study: Findings from the health and retirement study
Authors: Kolli Ajay , Kabeto Mohammed , McCammon Ryan , Langa Kenneth M. , Ehrlich Joshua R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Prior studies on the association of glaucoma and cognitive function have reported mixed results.

Methods

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative panel survey of Americans age ≥ 51 years. HRS‐linked Medicare claims data were used to identify incident glaucoma cases (by glaucoma type). Cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), administered in each wave (every 2 years). Separate linear mixed models were fitted with either prevalent or incident glaucoma as a predictor of TICS trajectories and adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, gender, and medical history. Negative model estimates indicate associations of glaucoma with worse cognitive function scores or steeper per‐year declines in cognitive function scores.

Results

Analyses of prevalent glaucoma cases included 1344 cases and 5729 controls. Analyses of incident glaucoma included 886 cases and 4385 controls. In fully‐adjusted models, those with prevalent glaucoma had similar TICS scores to controls (β = 0.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −0.15, 0.18; p = 0.86). However, in those with incident glaucoma, we detected a statistically significant association between glaucoma and lower TICS scores (β = −0.29; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.08; p = 0.007). However, there was no statistically significant association between either prevalent or incident glaucoma and per‐year rates of change in TICS scores. When categorizing glaucoma by type (primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, or other glaucoma), no significant associations were detected between either prevalent or incident glaucoma and levels of or rates of change in TICS scores in fully covariate adjusted models.

Conclusion

The observed associations between glaucoma and cognitive function were small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Compared to prior studies on this topic, this investigation provides robust evidence based on its larger sample size, longitudinal follow‐up, and repeated measures of cognitive function in a population‐based sample.
Engineering of triterpene metabolism and overexpression of the lignin biosynthesis gene PAL promotes ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation in ginseng plant chassis
Authors: Yao Lu , Zhang Huanyu , Liu Yirong , Ji Qiushuang , Xie Jing , Zhang Ru , Huang Luqi , Mei Kunrong , Wang Juan , Gao Wenyuan
Published: June 2022

The ginsenoside Rg3 found in Panax species has extensive pharmacological properties, in particular anti‐cancer effects. However, its natural yield in Panax plants is limited. Here, we report a multi‐modular strategy to improve yields of Rg3 in a Panax ginseng chassis, combining engineering of triterpene metabolism and overexpression of a lignin biosynthesis gene, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). We first performed semi‐rational design and site mutagenesis to improve the enzymatic efficiency of Pq3‐O‐UGT2, a glycosyltransferase that directly catalyzes the biosynthesis of Rg3 from Rh2. Next, we used clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing to knock down the branch pathway of protopanaxatriol‐type ginsenoside biosynthesis to enhance the metabolic flux of the protopanaxadiol‐type ginsenoside Rg3. Overexpression of PAL accelerated the formation of the xylem structure, significantly improving ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation (to 6.19‐fold higher than in the control). We combined overexpression of the ginsenoside aglycon synthetic genes squalene epoxidase, Pq3‐O‐UGT2, and PAL with CRISPR/Cas9‐based knockdown of CYP716A53v2 to improve ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation. Finally, we produced ginsenoside Rg3 at a yield of 83.6 mg/L in a shake flask (7.0 mg/g dry weight, 21.12‐fold higher than with wild‐type cultures). The high‐production system established in this study could be a potential platform to produce the ginsenoside Rg3 commercially for pharmaceutical use.
Differentiation of hemangioblastoma from brain metastasis using MR amide proton transfer imaging
Authors: Kamimura Kiyohisa , Nakajo Masanori , Gohara Misaki , Kawaji Kodai , Bohara Manisha , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tabata Kazuhiro , Iwanaga Takashi , Akamine Yuta , Keupp Jochen , Fukami Tomoaki , Yoshiura Takashi
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

Differentiation between hemangioblastoma and brain metastasis remains a challenge in neuroradiology using conventional MRI. Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging can provide unique molecular information. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of APT imaging in differentiating hemangioblastomas from brain metastases and compare APT imaging with diffusion‐weighted imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion‐weighted imaging.

Methods

This retrospective study included 11 patients with hemangioblastoma and 20 patients with brain metastases. Region‐of‐interest analyses were employed to obtain the mean, minimum, and maximum values of APT signal intensity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and these indices were compared between hemangioblastomas and brain metastases using the unpaired t‐test and Mann‐Whitney U test. Their diagnostic performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were compared using DeLong's method.

Results

All MRI‐derived indices were significantly higher in hemangioblastoma than in brain metastasis. ROC analysis revealed the best performance with APT‐related indices (AUC = 1.000), although pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between the mean ADC and mean rCBV.

Conclusions

APT imaging is a useful and robust imaging tool for differentiating hemangioblastoma from metastasis.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the anus in a 12‐month‐old girl: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kourti Afroditi , Dimopoulou Anastasia , Zavras Nikolaos , Sakellariou Stratigoula , Palamaris Kostas , Kanavaki Ino , Fessatou Smaragdi
Published: June 2022

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare, usually solitary and intraluminal polypoid benign tumour that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Its aetiology is unknown and clinical presentation depends on the site of involvement. We present the case of a 12‐month‐old girl with IFP and review all reported cases of IFP in children and adolescents <18 years. A 12‐month‐old girl presented with rectal bleeding. The patient underwent colonoscopy which revealed an anus polyp. Surgical resection was performed and histopathological examination of the specimen showed features of IFP. A literature review of 20 cases (including ours) between 1966 and January 2022 is also presented. To our knowledge, this is the youngest reported patient with IFP and the first in the anal area.
Effects of soybean oil on rheological characteristics of dough under high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Jia Shuqi , Cao Jian , Dai Yangyong , Cui Bo , Yuan Chao , Hou Hanxue , Ding Xiuzhen , Wang Wentao , Zhang Hui , Zhao Luping
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the stability of dough with soybean oil, this article explored the effect of soybean oil addition on the rheological characteristics of dough under high hydrostatic pressure. The results showed that, compared with the dough without soybean oil, the β‐sheet, disulfide bonds content, and gauche‐gauche‐gauche in the dough increased by 4.23%, 0.85 μmol/g, and 4.16%, respectively when the dough was added with 6% soybean oil, which improved the degree of cross‐linking polymerization of gluten protein and the stability of gluten network. Meanwhile, the dough had the highest elastic modulus and the lowest maximum creep compliance (6.85 × 10−4 Pa−1 ), indicating that 6% soybean oil significantly increased the elasticity and hardness of the dough. The results of short‐range ordered structure and paste properties showed that with the addition of soybean oil, the ordered structure and paste viscosity decreased with the increase of soybean oil.
A case of successful renal transplantation of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease associated with FSGS due to mutation of the INF2 gene
Authors: Matsuoka Chika , Taira Yuki , Sasaki Ryo , Matsumoto Namiko , Tadokoro Koh , Nomura Emi , Kawahara Yuko , Takemoto Mami , Morihara Ryuta , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Takashima Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hidemi , Araki Motoo , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru
Published: June 2022

Focal and segmental areas of glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) have various subcategories. Here, we report on a 35‐year‐old man who suffered from Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) with FSGS carrying the INF2 mutation (c.206 T > C, p.L69P). The INF2 mutation might cause abnormal actin filaments of the podocytes and Schwann cells, leading to CMT associated with FSGS. He successfully underwent living donor kidney transplantation from a mother with a normal INF2 gene without any serious adverse events. Following genetic testing, the identification of the INF2 mutation allows a recipient to reduce the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Genetic testing may provide a treatment plan for kidney transplantation.
Causal inference with some invalid instrumental variables: A quasi‐Bayesian approach*
Authors: Goh Gyuhyeong , Yu Jisang
Published: June 2022

In observational studies, instrumental variables estimation is often used to identify causal effects. We propose a quasi‐Bayesian approach to make consistent inferences about the causal effect when there are some invalid instruments that violate the exclusion restriction condition. Asymptotic properties of the proposed Bayes estimator, including model selection consistency, are established. A simulation study demonstrates that the proposed Bayesian method produces consistent point estimators and valid credible intervals with correct coverage rates for Gaussian and non‐Gaussian data with some invalid instruments. We also demonstrate the proposed method in an application to real data.
Effects of work‐to‐family enrichment on psychological distress and family satisfaction: A dyadic analysis in dual‐earner parents
Authors: Orellana Ligia , García Romina , Miranda‐Zapata Edgardo , Schnettler Berta
Published: June 2022

Resources that individuals acquire at work can have significant effects on their own well‐being and family satisfaction, and on those of their closest family relations. Following the conservation of resources theory, this study examined the effects of work‐to‐family enrichment (WFE) on psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) and family satisfaction (SWFaL) in different‐gender dual‐earner parents. The sample consisted of 473 couples – mother and father – from Temuco, Chile, who answered the Work‐Family Interface scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the Satisfaction with Family Scale. The analysis was conducted using the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Results showed that WFE was positively associated with SWFaL for both mothers and fathers (actor effects), whereas higher WFE was linked to lower psychological distress only in fathers. For mothers and fathers, psychological distress was negatively associated with their own (actor effects) and the other parent's SWFAL (partner effects). The mediating role of psychological distress was found only for fathers' WFE and their SWFaL. These results indicate that resources from work can increase family satisfaction for both fathers and mothers in dual‐earner couples with adolescent children. However, in these couples, fathers acquire affective resources (positive mood) that reduce their own psychological distress, while mothers acquire skills (managing time at home more efficiently) that they invest directly in the family domain.
Characterization of four new HLA alleles: HLA‐A*68:288, ‐C*07:1012, ‐C*13:364, and ‐DQA1*05:51
Authors: Leonov Evgeny A. , Abdrakhimova Alena R. , Khizhinskiy Stanislav P. , Khamaganova Ekaterina G. , Parovichnikova Elena N.
Published: June 2022

Four new alleles HLA‐A*68:288, C*07:1012, C*12:364, and DQA1*05:51 discovered in Russian individuals.
GAS PHASE OXIDATION OF FORMALDEHYDE BY TIO2/TIO2-V2O5/POLYPYRROLE ENERGY STORAGE PHOTOCATALYST
Authors: Meeyoo Vissanu , Piewnuan Chanakarn , Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn , Ngaotrakanwiwat Pailin
Published: June 2022

Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde was performed through an electron storage photocatalyst named TiO2/TiO2-V2O5/PPy nanocomposites, consisting of TiO2 responsible for an electron generating source, TiO2-V2O5 functional as an electron storage substance, and PPy (polypyrrole) as an electron conducting substance between the formers. It was found that the TiO2/TiO2-V2O5/PPy nanocomposites showed both adsorption and photocatalytic activity for formaldehyde removal. Under UV irradiation, the catalytic activity of the TiO2/TiO2-V2O5/PPy catalyst was 57%, which was 0.1 and 0.4 times higher than that of TiO2 and TiO2/PPy catalysts, respectively. Moreover, the TiO2/TiO2-V2O5/PPy catalyst retained its function for at least 3 hours, after UV irradiation for 3.5 hours. The presence of TiO2-V2O5 was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 catalyst, including the ability to function in the absence of UV light. This is due to the lower energy band gap of the TiO2/TiO2-V2O5/PPy, compared to that of TiO2; the TiO2-V2O5 also possesses energy storage ability. Further, the reaction rate of photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde by the electron storage photocatalyst was determined. The formaldehyde destruction rate is a function of formaldehyde concentration and can be formulated using a simplified Langmuir-Hinshelwood.
USE OF CLAYSTONE, ZEOLITE, AND ACTIVATED CARBON AS A COMPOSITE TO REMOVE HEAVY METALS FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN COAL MINING
Authors: Paradise Mycelia , Nursanto Edy , Nurkhamim Nurkhamim , Haq Shofa Rijalul
Published: June 2022

Acid mine drainage is an environmental issue impairing water sources globally. Efficient and continuous treatment in mining regions is urgently required. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of claystone from coal overburden, zeolite, and activated carbon from coconut shell as a composite to remove Fe and Mn from acid mine drainage. XRD, BET, and SEM characterized the adsorbent. The X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed the types of mineral in claystone were kaolinite, zeolite: mordenite, and activated carbon: cristobalite. Composite made with three ratios (Claystone:Zeolite:Activated carbon) = 50:25:25; 25:25:50; and 25:50:25. According to the surface area analyzer, composite with  a 25:25:50 ratio had the largest surface area (62,44 m2/g). SEM-EDX analysis showed that composite had porous morphology and active sites such as Al and Si. Adsorption was carried out using a hot plate stirrer with various contact time: 30,60,90,120 and 150 minutes. The results showed that composite succeeded in increasing  pH from 2.6 to 7.0 and reducing  Fe concentration from 13.006 to 0.1484 ppm (98,86%) and Mn concentration from 30.59 to 20.283 ppm (33,69%).  The adsorption capacities of the composite were 1,286 mg/g for Fe and 1,031 mg/g for Mn. It can be concluded that composite is a good adsorbent for removing iron from acid mine drainage.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING WITH PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION FOR HEXAROTOR SYSTEM: A HAMILTONIAN APPROACH
Authors: Abdul Azis Fadilah , Mohamad Hanif Noor Hazrin Hany , Mohd Aras Mohd Shahrieel , Abas Norafizah
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a mathematical modeling with parameters identification of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system or hexarotor system using the Hamiltonian approach. The mathematical model of the hexarotor is derived from the Hamiltonian approach which involved the storage, dissipation, and routing of energy elements from the UAV. This UAV model parameters identification method is proposed as an alternative to the commonly used wind tunnel testing, which is complex and tedious. This Hamiltonian model is made of a fully actuated subsystem with roll, pitch, and yaw angles as output, as well as an under-actuated subsystem with position coordinates as its output. Thrust constant, drag constant and speed of hexarotor are determined through the experimental setup while moment of inertia is determined by physical measurement and calculation. The outcome from this research works demonstrates an undemanding, yet effective method of modeling an UAV, and is useful for designing nonlinear controller to perform the important UAV tasks such as taking off, hovering, and landing.
PACKAGE-ON-PACKAGE (POP) UNDERFILL PROCESS USING A MATERIAL DAM METHOD
Authors: Tura Ali Mohd Yusuf , Khor Chu Yee , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Abdullah Mohd Zulklifly , Samsudin Zambri , Mansor Idris , Suhaimi Muhammad Irsyad , Mahyuddin Muhammad Syahir , Lim Lai Ming
Published: June 2022

Recent developments in the electronics industry have introduced a multi-stack ball grid array (BGA) to meet the growing consumer demand for both high-performance and smaller-sized chip packages. This study focused on the preliminary study of the Package-on-Package (PoP) underfill process using a material dam method. High viscosity type of underfill material is considered for the underfill process. In the current experimental work, L path-dispensing method was chosen due to its advantages, as reported in the previous work. The material dam method was used to prevent underfill from moving backwards and flowing out from the dispensing region. The material dam was built surrounding the PoP package. The effectiveness of the underfill process was analyzed based on the cycle time and lateral lapping, which are significant factors in material selection. The experimental results revealed that slow underfill flow may cause the quickly harden of material while the dispensing process is still running. This situation restricts the underfill flow and creates voids in the PoP package. The material dam method successfully enhanced the underfilling process for layers 3 and 4 stacked-package. This study is expected to provide the preliminary underfill process of stacking the PoP package and is useful as a reference for the engineer in the microelectronics industry.
EVALUATION OF ALPHASENSE OPC-N2 SENSOR FOR PM10 MEASUREMENT IN THE NORTH JAKARTA
Authors: Imami Ahmad Daudsyah , Driejana Driejana , Villegas Ernesto Reyes , McFiggans Gordon
Published: June 2022

Spatial and temporal data of particulate matter (PM) are limited in Indonesia; hence cost-effective and robust instruments to monitor PM concentration could complete data coverage. The low-cost sensor (LCS) Alphasense OPC-N2 provides real-time PM concentration data and is relatively simple to install and deploy. This paper presents data from an OPC-N2 sensor collocated with a PM10 Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM). The study was carried out at an air quality monitoring site in North Jakarta belonging to the provincial government. The location is considered suitable for evaluating the performance of OPC-N2 micro sensor as it is a representative of a typical Indonesian urbanized area with a range of pollutant sources, including sea-sourced aerosols. At the same site, a filter-based Gent Sampler (GS) measuring both PM10 and PM2.5 was also deployed. The study showed that 30-minutely and daily average concentrations data for PM10 measured by OPC-N2 were lower than that of BAM measurements in both averaged durations by approximately 50%. The comparison between OPC-N2 and GS for PM10 showed that OPC-N2 measurement was underestimated but it was overestimated for PM2.5. Nonetheless, correlations of OPC-N2 and BAM were 0.530 and 0.607 for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. These results were comparable to other low-cost sensor evaluation studies in different countries, suggesting that the sensor can represent temporal variation of the reference measurement.
Assessment of User Perception on Public and Private Spaces within Urban Context
Authors: Peiris Mutu Tantrige Osada Vishvajith , Fayas Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Public spaces are vital features in the urban context which offers inclusive environment for everyone in the society. Traditionally, urban public spaces (UPS) were developed by the government intended for places of interaction with the aims of social welfare and public health. In the recent past, private sector involvement in the public space provision was visible with significant changes in the form and functions influenced by market-based motives. Although commercialization or privatization aspects of public space was often debated, the user perception of the use of public spaces from ownership and access control aspects were less studied in the context of developing countries. This study aimed at identifying the attributes for which people differentiate and experience in four public spaces owned and operated by the government and private sector in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The study used 35 semi-structured interviews and 119 online questionnaire surveys to identify the user defined features of ownership and access control for public space use. The results revealed that government owned and operated spaces were preferred by the users due to easy access and freedom for activities while privately owned spaces were preferred due to better infrastructure, safety, and security within. Also, each public space offered benefits to specific user profile regardless its ownership or access controls. However, the freedom and openness provided by government owned spaces were identified as important in comparison with the restrictions imposed by private sector operated public spaces. This study provides key insights for urban planners and policy makers to identify the role of private sector in the provision of effective urban spaces in the fast-growing cities as well as possible pitfalls and negative externalities created by unregulated spaces
COMPOSING BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM AS A BASIS OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE FOR CARP FISH SPECIES AND EVALUATION OF ITS PROPHYLACTING
Authors: Kantor K. , Proskurnina I. , Arashkova A. , Kolomiets E. , Koshak Zh. , Gadlevskaya N. , Rybkina E.
Published: June 2022

Isolation and screening of sporulating bacteria possessing hydrolytic activity and displaying antagonistic properties toward carp fish pathogens was carried out; identification of isolates was performed and their preventive-curative action was investigated. Microbial consortium formed by the selective strains laid the basis for test specimen of probiotic feed additive; the optimal dosage of its supplying into composite feed rations was calculated.
Apuntes sobre las relaciones entre materialidades y realidades digitales
Authors: R. Rossi Luis Sebastián
Published: June 2022

Desde inicios de la década de 1990 comenzará a resquebrajarse la noción de inmaterialidad asociada a las realidades digitales. Este artículo presenta un esquema interpretativo que permite acceder a tres vertientes discursivas que han construido distintas formas de pensar las relaciones entre realidades digitales y materialidades en el campo de la comunicación. En primer lugar, el estudio se detiene en discursos que, en contacto con prácticas de diseño, inscriben como vórtice de sus problematizaciones al carácter encarnado de la producción de sentido. En segundo lugar, la investigación examina perspectivas sobre las dinámicas entre hardware y software (giro material, arqueologías de los medios), al tiempo que aborda trabajos sobre la infraestructura de los sistemas de información y de comunicación. Por último, el artículo interpela el vínculo entre  materialidad de los medios (milieux), información y objetos digitales, así como sus consecuencias para pensar la individuación psíquica y colectiva en el capitalismo contemporáneo.
De una Comunicación Emergente a la Lengua de Señas Colombiana. Madres oyentes que aprenden lengua de señas para comunicarse con sus hijos sordos
Authors: Casallas Forero Elizabeth , Bolaños Motta José Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación pretendió desarrollar un estudio en torno a las formas de comunicación existentes entre un grupo de madres oyentes e hijos sordos, los últimos con edades entre los catorce y los veintiséis años, pertenecientes a ASORMETA (Villavicencio Colombia). La metodología fue corte cualitativo, que contempló cuatro fases, desarrolladas desde el enfoque de la (IAP) Investigación Acción Participativa. Los resultados se evidencian en el análisis a la comunicación emergente entre madres e hijos, y en la transformación de la realidad familiar desde del uso de lengua de señas. Finalmente, las conclusiones dan a conocer la necesidad de una apuesta política y una sensibilización para con la población sorda.
Proyecciones del ausente: una crítica a formas artísticas de visibilización del desaparecimiento forzado (análisis de Geometría de la conciencia de Alfredo Jaar)
Authors: López Pérez José Alejandro
Published: June 2022

Este texto expone, de manera deductiva, resultados de una investigación sobre la visibilización del desaparecimiento forzado en documentales artísticos. El artículo considera al arte como una práctica de resistencia ante la violencia e interroga, por ende, lo qué es crear memoria colectiva, aspecto de suma importancia en la actualidad colombiana. El escrito se enfoca en el documental artístico Geometría de la conciencia (2010) de Alfredo Jaar, pues es una obra que, de forma original, visibiliza este crimen. La obra presenta un archivo negándolo, fotografías (índices) irreconocibles; y expande la negación a otros elementos que configuran el documental. Se plantea que esta obra no requiere de índices para ser documental artístico y que, al negar sus elementos, no apunta principalmente a quienes sufrieron este delito, sino al desaparecimiento forzado en sí, que de forma violenta niega la presencia.
El muralismo estudiantil en Colombia. Acción política y discurso sobre las paredes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Jorge Alonso Ana , Hernández Rueda Eugenia
Published: June 2022

El uso de los muros de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) por el estudiantado para efectuar denuncias sociales, proponer relatos contrahegemónicos de la historia y servir como vehículos de la memoria colectiva se expresa a través de la pintura mural. El presente estudio pretende identificar y sistematizar las tipologías temáticas y de los mensajes de los murales de la UNAL para cotejar la existencia de una codificación estética asociada a ellas, así como conocer el contexto social en el que se han producido. Mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso con perspectiva de género y la observación participante, se ha identificado la indisoluble correspondencia entre la forma y el contenido de estas pintadas. Asimismo, el acercamiento a su contexto social ha evidenciado que estas prácticas estético-discursivas no pueden separarse de su geografía, su tiempo histórico y la posición de resistencia desde la cual se enuncian.
Las prácticas pedagógicas de las artes visuales desde la Arquitectura de las prácticas
Authors: Soler Castillo Sandra , Gutiérrez Castro Ángela
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación utiliza la Arquitectura de las prácticas como instrumento para estudiar las prácticas pedagógicas. Basada en la Investigación Acción Participativa, IAP, tiene por objetivo comprender y transformar las prácticas pedagógicas de las artes visuales para aportar a la constitución del joven como sujeto, mediante la creación colaborativa de espacios de comunicación alternativos para el cambio social. En el resultado se pone a prueba la teoría para explicar la praxis desde la experiencia y las relaciones intersubjetivas de los estudiantes de artes visuales en un colegio público de Bogotá-Colombia, y se proponen nuevas pedagogías de la visualidad, configuradas en una educación de la mirada a través del hablar bien: el ver en el principio de la otredad; el hacer bien: ver en el sentido de las razones éticas y estéticas; y el relacionarse bien: ver en el compromiso con la liberación. Esta aproximación posibilita el tránsito a prácticas pedagógicas transformadoras.
Gender Differences in Cervical Spine Motions and Loads With Head Supported Mass Using Finite Element Models
Authors: Purushothaman Yuvaraj , Yoganandan Narayan
Published: June 2022

While many studies have been conducted to delineate the role of gender in rear impact via experiments, clinical investigations, modeling, and epidemiological research, the effect of the added head mass on segmental motions has received less attention. The objective of the study is to determine the role of the head supported mass on the segmental motions and loads on the cervical spinal column from rear impact loading. The study used finite element modeling. The model was subjected to mesh convergence studies. It was validated with human cadaver experimental data by applying the rear impact acceleration pulse to the base of the spine. At all levels of the subaxial spinal column, a comparison was made between male and female spines and with and without the use of an army combat helmet. For this purpose, segmental motions, forces, and bending moments were used as biomechanical parameters. Results showed that female spines responded with increased motions than males, and the presence of a helmet increased motions and loads in males and female spines at all levels. Numerical data are given. Head supported mass affects spine responses at all levels. The present computational modeling study, from one geometry for the male spine and one geometry for the female spine (limitations are addressed in the paper), provided insights into the mechanisms of the internal load transfer with the presence of head supported mass, prevalent in certain civilian occupations and active-duty Service members in the military.
A Review of Battery Thermal Management Methods for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ding Yuhang , Zheng Yadan , Li Songyu , Dong Tingyue , Gao Zhenhai , Zhang Tianyao , Li Weifeng , Rao Shun , Xiao Yang , Chen Yupeng , Zhang Yajun
Published: June 2022

Being one of the core power units of electric vehicles, the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are broadly concerned. However, in the cases of abuses, LIBs may counter thermal runaway, threatening the personal and property safety of users. In order to avoid the occurrence of thermal runaway, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) has been introduced to improve the safety, optimize the efficiency and prolong the service life of lithium-ion batteries. In this review, feasible thermal management schemes of LIBs system were summarized chronically, different thermal management schemes were evaluated, and case studies were made. The schemes of controlling the internal reaction control in the battery are highlighted as well. This review offers a comprehensive view of BTMS and proposes a promising future for the employment of lithium-ion batteries.
Is the equivalence principle useful for understanding general relativity?
Authors: Aichelburg Peter C.
Published: June 2022

The equivalence principle (EP) is at the heart of general relativity (GR), tested in many aspects. In discussion, it is often referred to explaining qualitatively the influence of gravity on physical phenomena, but is this qualitative approach supported by the theory? We compare clock rates, frequency shifts, light deflection, and time delay in simple static spacetimes to the analogous phenomena seen by accelerated observers in Minkowski space. In contrast to previous studies, we do not assume that the gravitational field is weak and see, as we proceed, how the field is constrained by the EP. Special care is taken that results are only observer-, but not coordinate-dependent. By this, we clarify some of the issues raised in the literature and show which gravitational effects can and which cannot be simulated by acceleration. The paper may also serve as a starting point for discussions on the implications of the EP.
Earthquake size: An example of a statistical distribution that lacks a well-defined mean
Authors: Okabe Takuya , Yoshimura Jin
Published: June 2022

Power-law distributions are observed to describe many physical phenomena with remarkable accuracy. In some cases, the distribution gives no indication of a cutoff in the tail, which poses interesting theoretical problems, because its average is then infinite. It is also known that the averages of samples of such data do not approach a normal distribution, even if the sample size increases. These problems have previously been studied in the context of random walks. Here, we present another example in which the sample average increases with the sample size. In the Gutenberg–Richter law for earthquakes, we show that the cumulative energy released by earthquakes grows faster than linearly with time. Here, increasing the time span of observation corresponds to increasing the sample size. While the mean of released energy is not well defined, its distribution obeys a non-trivial scaling law.
Indicators of Improvement in Performing Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation Following Hip Fractures
Authors: Nishiomasu Koki , Ogawa Takahiro , Sato Keisuke
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive status during rehabilitation and assess factors associated with ADL improvement among older patients undergoing rehabilitation after hip fractures. This retrospective cohort study comprised 306 patients aged ≥80 years who underwent hip fracture rehabilitation. The functional independence measure gain during rehabilitation was significantly lower in the group with abnormal cognition than in the group with normal cognition. Mini-Mental State Examination, Charlson Comorbidity Index, daily duration of rehabilitation, and length of hospitalization for rehabilitation were independent factors associated with functional independence measure gain during rehabilitation in the multivariate regression analysis. Although older patients with cognitive impairment had lower ADL improvements during hip fracture rehabilitation, such patients may be able to improve their ADL by undergoing intensive and long rehabilitation programs. They should not refrain from such rehabilitation programs due to older age, fracture, and cognitive impairment.
SNARE assembly enlightened by cryo-EM structures of a synaptobrevin–Munc18-1–syntaxin-1 complex
Authors: Stepien Karolina P. , Xu Junjie , Zhang Xuewu , Bai Xiao-Chen , Rizo Josep
Published: June 2022

Munc18-1 forms a template to organize assembly of the neuronal SNARE complex that triggers neurotransmitter release, binding first to a closed conformation of syntaxin-1 where its amino-terminal region interacts with the SNARE motif, and later binding to synaptobrevin. However, the mechanism of SNARE complex assembly remains unclear. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of Munc18-1 bound to cross-linked syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin. The structures allow visualization of how syntaxin-1 opens and reveal how part of the syntaxin-1 amino-terminal region can help nucleate interactions between the amino termini of the syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin SNARE motifs, while their carboxyl termini bind to distal sites of Munc18-1. These observations, together with mutagenesis, SNARE complex assembly experiments, and fusion assays with reconstituted proteoliposomes, support a model whereby these interactions are critical to initiate SNARE complex assembly and multiple energy barriers enable diverse mechanisms for exquisite regulation of neurotransmitter release.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain RGM 3321, a Phyllosphere Endophyte from Fragaria chiloensis subsp.
chiloensis
f.
patagonica
Authors: Castro Jean Franco , Guerra Matías , Carrasco-Fernández Jorge , Ortiz-Campos Javiera , Cares-Gatica Diego , Campos-Quiroz Carolina , Correa Francisco , Beltrán M. Francisca , Sagredo Boris , Valdés Jorge H.
Published: June 2022

Pseudomonas
sp. strain RGM 3321 is a phyllosphere endophyte from
Fragaria chiloensis
subsp.
chiloensis
f.
patagonica
that harbors genes associated with plant growth promotion pathways, as well as genes typically found in plant pathogens.
Spatial Metabolomics Reveals Localized Impact of Influenza Virus Infection on the Lung Tissue Metabolome
Authors: Dean Danya A. , Klechka London , Hossain Ekram , Parab Adwaita R. , Eaton Krystin , Hinsdale Myron , McCall Laura-Isobel
Published: June 2022

The influenza virus is a major health concern. Over 1 billion people become infected annually despite the wide distribution of vaccines, and antiviral agents are insufficient to address current clinical needs.
Molecular Evolution and Genomic Insights into Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 88
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Hui , Li Menghan , Dong Yinping , Bai Yao , Li Fengqin , Xiao Jing
Published: June 2022

ST88 MRSA has frequently been detected in humans, animals, and foods mainly in Africa and Asia. It can colonize and cause mild to severe infections in humans, especially children.
Identification of a Novel Two-Peptide Lantibiotic from Vagococcus fluvialis
Authors: Rosenbergová Zuzana , Oftedal Thomas F. , Ovchinnikov Kirill V. , Thiyagarajah Thasanth , Rebroš Martin , Diep Dzung B.
Published: June 2022

Enterococci are common commensals in the intestines of humans and animals, but in recent years, they have been identified as one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections due to their ability to quickly acquire virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. Many hospital isolates are multiresistant, thereby making current therapeutic options critically limited.
Environmental Perturbations during the Rehabilitation of Wild Migratory Birds Induce Gut Microbiome Alteration and Antibiotic Resistance Acquisition
Authors: Song Hyokeun , Yi Saehah , Kim Woo-Hyun , Guk Jae-Ho , Ha Minjong , Kwak Insik , Han Janghee , Yeon Seong-Chan , Cho Seongbeom
Published: June 2022

Wild migratory birds are key for ecosystem health but highly sensitive to anthropogenic activities. Therefore, wild migratory birds often undergo rehabilitation to prevent species extinction or biodiversity monitoring.
Advanced chronic kidney disease among UK children
Authors: Plumb Lucy , Magadi Winnie , Casula Anna , Reynolds Ben C , Convery Mairead , Haq Shuman , Hegde Shivaram , Lunn Andrew , Malina Michal , Morgan Henry , Muorah Mordi , Tyerman Kay , Sinha Manish D , Wallace Dean , Inward Carol , Marks Stephen , Nitsch Dorothea , Medcalf James
Published: June 2022

The UK Renal Registry currently collects information on UK children with kidney failure requiring long-term kidney replacement therapy (KRT), which supports disease surveillance and auditing of care and outcomes; however, data are limited on children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on KRT.

Methods

In March 2020, all UK Paediatric Nephrology centres submitted data on children aged <16 years with severely reduced kidney function as of December 2019, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results

In total, 1031 children had severe CKD, the majority of whom (80.7%) were on KRT. The overall prevalence was 81.2 (95% CI 76.3 to 86.3) per million of the age-related population.

Conclusions

The prevalence of severe CKD among UK children is largely due to a high proportion of children on long-term KRT. Expanding data capture to include children with CKD before reaching failure will provide greater understanding of the CKD burden in childhood.
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes on empagliflozin
Authors: Bardhi Olgert , Bloom Matthew D , Sattari Maryam
Published: June 2022

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs with proven efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and more recently, have been shown to improve heart failure outcomes in patients without diabetes. A rare complication of SGLT2 inhibitor use is the development of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA), characterised by euglycaemia (blood glucose level <250 mg/dL), metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.3 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L), and ketonaemia. Given patients with EDKA do not present with the typical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis, including marked hyperglycaemia and dehydration, the diagnosis of EDKA may be missed and initiation of treatment delayed. We present the case of a man with recent SGLT2 inhibitor use and multiple other risk factors who developed EDKA.
Durable remission with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in a patient with leptomeningeal disease secondary to relapsed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Yohannan Binoy , Sridhar Arthi , Nguyen Nghia , Rios Adan
Published: June 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a variable clinical course. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a rare and dreaded complication in MCL. We report a case of leptomeningeal relapse of MCL that was successfully treated with a single-agent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A man in his 50s with MCL was treated with six cycles of bendamustine–rituximab, achieving a complete remission (CR) and was subsequently placed on rituximab maintenance for 2 years. Four years later, he was hospitalised with symptoms of organic brain syndrome. Brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed CNS relapse of MCL. He was treated with dexamethasone, ibrutinib 560 mg/day and intrathecal cytarabine with improvement in neurological symptoms, and a follow-up MRI showed CR. The patient was later switched to acalabrutinib due to intolerance to ibrutinib. The patient is tolerating this regimen well, remaining in CR 3 years later.
Secondary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Puliafito Benjamin , Oveisi David , Fanous Christina , El-Masry Monica
Published: June 2022

Although patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have improved survival with current therapies, there remains a long-term risk of treatment-associated second primary malignancies. We present a case of a patient with IgG kappa MM undergoing treatment for relapsed disease who was noted to have progressive pancytopenia. For his MM, he had previously undergone autologous stem cell transplant with high-dose melphalan and had received immunomodulatory (IMiD) agents in induction, maintenance and relapse regimens. A peripheral blood smear showed abnormal lymphoid cells, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). He underwent intensive induction chemotherapy with plans for possible allogeneic stem cell transplant. Secondary B-ALL is a rare occurrence in patients with MM, with exposure to alkylating and IMiD agents being potential risk factors.
Nasal septal abscess following septoplasty in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Watson Jessica , Edafe Ovie
Published: June 2022

A man in his 50s with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presented with a nasal septal abscess 3 weeks following septoplasty. Diabetes mellitus has been reported in association with nasal septal abscess, thought to be due to a relative immunodeficient state. We present an unusual, delayed presentation of nasal septal abscess following septoplasty and performed a literature review. Nasal septal abscess is rare. It is associated with significant complications if not diagnosed and management expediently. The association between T2DM and nasal septal abscess following septoplasty emphasises the importance of good perioperative blood sugar control and postoperative nasal care and raises the question of empirical antibiotics in this group.
Abstracts from International Emergency Medicine Journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: June 2022

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Transitions in health service use among women with poor mental health: a 7-year follow-up
Authors: Dolja-Gore Xenia , Loxton Deborah , D'Este Catherine , Byles Julie E
Published: June 2022

Objective

Women suffering from mental health problems require varied needs of mental health service utilisation. Transition between general practitioner and mental health services use are available through the Better Access Scheme initiative, for those in need of treatment. The study’s aim was to identify trajectories of mental health service utilisation by Australian women.

Design

The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health data linked to the administrative medical claims dataset were used to identify subgroups of women profiled by their mental health service use from 2006 to 2013. Latent growth mixture model is a statistical method to profile subgroups of individuals based on their responses to a set of observed variables allowing for changes over time. Latent class groups were identified, and used to examine predisposing factors associated with patterns of mental health service use change over time.

Setting

This study was conducted in Australia.

Participants

National representative sample of women of born in 1973–1978, who were aged between 28 and 33 years at the start of our study period.

Results

Six latent class trajectories of women’s mental health service use were identified over the period 2006–2013. Approximately, one-quarter of the sample were classified as the most recent users, while approximate equal proportions were identified as either early users, late/low user or late-high users. Additional, subgroups were defined as the consistent-reduced user and the late-high users, over time. Only 7.2% of the sample was classified as consistent high users who potentially used the services each year.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that use of the Better Access Scheme mental health services through primary care was varied over time and may be tailored to each individual’s needs for the treatment of depressive symptoms.
Increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in the initial phase after discontinuation of febuxostat or allopurinol: another story of the CARES trial
Authors: Ghang Byeong-zu , Lee Ji Sung , Choi Jihye , Kim Jinseok , Yoo Bin
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout (CARES) trial suggested a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) death from febuxostat than from allopurinol. However, a significant number of patients died after discontinuation of febuxostat or allopurinol. We investigated whether major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and CV death were increased because of discontinuation of febuxostat or allopurinol using the CARES trial data.

Methods

We compared the MACE that occurred during administration and after discontinuation in the initial phase after discontinuation, and we compared the CV and non-CV mortality rates in the initial phase after discontinuation to determine the impact of discontinuation of febuxostat or allopurinol.

Results

Among 6190 patients, the incidence rate per 100 person-years for MACE was 3.11 during administration and 6.71 after discontinuation. MACE was significantly increased after discontinuation compared with that during administration within 1 month (HR 7.40; 95% CI 5.38 to 10.17) and 6 months (HR 5.22; 95% CI 4.26 to 6.39). In the analysis excluding death induced by adverse events that occurred up to 1 day after the last medication, the CV mortality rate was higher than the non-CV mortality rate within 6 months (45.7% vs 27.9%, p=0.0001). In addition, changes in serum uric acid levels from baseline to the last measurement before discontinuation were significantly associated with higher MACE risk after drug discontinuation (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26).

Conclusions

MACE and CV death were increased in the initial stage after discontinuation of febuxostat or allopurinol in patients with gout.