bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In BOLD we trust? A commentary on the reliability of specimen identification for DNA barcoding: a case study on burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
Authors: LIS JERZY A. , LIS BARBARA , ZIAJA DARIUSZ J.
Published: May 2016

An assessment was performed regarding the accuracy of various types of data deposited in the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) related to the true bug family Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Taxonomic nomenclature and classification, identification reliability, and the correctness of the data provided in the “Taxon description” were analyzed and commented on with respect to both available versions of the BOLD system, i.e. version 3 and beta version 4. Numerous mistakes in taxonomy, the relevance of the taxa names, and species misidentifications in BOLD version 3 were found and, more importantly, similar errors were detected in BOLD version 4 as well. We suggest that if the BOLD system is presumed to be taxonomically trustworthy, it can’t exist without an adequate a priori identification of barcoded specimens. Otherwise, the erroneous data deposited onto the BOLD platform will have a negative impact on studies in which molecular data imported from BOLD are utilized.
Initial depression severity and response to antidepressants v. placebo: patient-level data analysis from 34 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Rabinowitz Jonathan , Werbeloff Nomi , Mandel Francine S. , Menard François , Marangell Lauren , Kapur Shitij
Published: May 2016

Several often-cited meta-analyses have reported that the efficacy of antidepressant medications depends on the severity of depression. They found that drug–placebo differences increased as a function of initial severity, which was attributed to decreased responsiveness to placebo among patients with severe depression rather than to increased responsiveness to medication. We retested this using patient-level data and also undertaking a meta-analysis of trial-level data from 34 randomised placebo controlled trials (n = 10 737) from the NEWMEDS registry. Although our trial-level data support prevous findings, patient-level data did not show any significant effect of initial depression severity on drug v. placebo difference.
(Un)Reliability in Narrative Discourse: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Sternberg Meir , Yacobi Tamar
Published: May 2016

1 The State of the Art: A Field in Trouble.

2 (Un)Reliable Discourse off to a Stimulating Equivocal Start: Why Wayne Booth's The Rhetoric of Fiction Falls Short and Where to Go from There: 2.1 Stammering between Narrator and Implied Author, or, Why the Author Needs to Keep Silent; 2.1.1 The Best Version, Considering; 2.1.2 Two-Mindedness; 2.1.3 Confusing the Communicators: Forms, Penalties, Lessons; 2.1.4 The Implied Author Vulnerable to Reliability Judgments?; 2.2 “Person” Overworked or Underworked? The Line between Mediators Erased and Redrawn; 2.2.1 Narrator, Reflector, Informant; 2.2.2 Author vs. Narrator, Narrator vs. Nonnarrator: Distinctions Compared and Correlated; 2.3 Do Narrators Act, Reliably or Otherwise? Narrating-I vs. Experiencing-I; 2.3.1 “Speaks or Acts”?; 2.3.2 Other Variations on the Enacted Narrator: A Brief Comparison of Oddities; 2.3.3 An Example from Proust; 2.3.4 Impossible Ontology: The Mediator Accompanied or Abandoned by the Author; 2.4 Making Bricks without Straw: How to Do Things with an Unworkable Formula?

3 The Constructivist Turn: (Un)Reliability as a Mechanism of Integration: 3.1 The Perspectival Mechanism among Other Lines of Sense-Making; 3.2 The Perspectival Mechanism vis-à-vis Its Rivals and Partners; 3.3 The Theory Reviewed from a Different Perspective: Correcting Some Misunderstandings and Misapplications; 3.3.1 The Figurative Mechanism; 3.3.2 Reasoning in Face of Unreason: (Un) Reliability as Explained Problem and Explanatory Principle; 3.3.3 Paradigms and/or Participants Misnamed, Misgrouped, Monopolized: Is the Implied Author Necessary for Reliability Judgments?; 3.3.4 (Re)Construction; 3.3.5 (Re)Constructive Modulations: Defining (Un)Reliability and Making Reliability Judgments; 3.3.6 Dangerous Liaisons.

4 Approaches to (Un)Reliability and the Wavering among Them: 4.1 (Un)Reliability in the Beholder's Eye: The Pedophile among Reliability Judges of Humbert; 4.2 The Reader Mixed-up with Other Reference Points; 4.3 Tissues of Incompatibility: A Brief Comparison; 4.4 The Interactive, Text/Reader Orientation; 4.5 Objectivism: Miniature and Large-Scale Reflexes (Expressions, Giveaways); 4.6 How the Implied Author and Author-Centeredness (Re)Enter by the Backstairs.
Time Travel Stories as a Challenge to Narratology: The Case ofThe Time Traveler's Wife
Authors: Segal Eyal
Published: May 2016

This article discusses time travel stories as being of particular interest to narratology: they play by their nature with the temporality of the storyworld itself (rather than with that of its narration, which is the type of time maneuver that narratology has mostly privileged). The discussion focuses on Audrey Niffenegger's Time Traveler's Wife, which has two strong claims to notice in this regard. Both have to do with the narrative's handling of a reality model that includes time travel: it charges the special features of such reality with considerably greater emotional and psychological power than usual, and it combines the play with temporality on the level of the storyworld with a high degree of complexity and sophistication in the deployment of the textual sequence. The novel is first examined in terms of the reality model underlying the storyworld and then in terms of the interplay between the storyworld chronology and its order of presentation. In the latter part, the emphasis falls on Niffenegger's rich use of the compositional resources provided by the existence of two time perspectives in the novel: those of the “time traveler” (Henry) and of his non-time-traveling wife (Clare).
Inhuman Beauty: Baudelaire’s Bad Sex
Authors: Marder Elissa
Published: May 2016

This essay explores how Baudelaire’s insistence on perverse forms of nonreproductive sexuality (what is here called “bad sex”) exposes critical aspects of his poetics and his relation to the question of aesthetics. It takes up two of Baudelaire’s most famous poems (“To the Reader” and “Beauty”) in light of Walter Benjamin’s insight that the significance of Baudelaire’s poetry is linked to the way sexuality becomes severed from normal and normative forms of love. Following Benjamin, the essay argues that Baudelaire appeals to beauty to undo the damage done by the so-called natural order, to bear witness to the world that is left out of familiar cycles of production and reproduction, and to remake the world by other means. For Baudelaire, the motif of “bad sex” becomes a kind of gestural language, a poetic medium, and a form of theatricality that conjures up actions, events, and figures that escape other modes of representation. Beauty’s work is neither presentation nor representation, but something like an artificial alternative to birth.
Wantonness: Milton, Hogarth, andThe Analysis of Beauty
Authors: Zitin Abigail
Published: May 2016

Critics have identified William Hogarth’s correlation of beauty with desire as the most original idea that his 1753 treatise contributes to aesthetic discourse in the eighteenth century, an idea emblematized in the formulation that visual intricacy “leads the eye a wanton kind of chace.” Wantonness is an important concept for Hogarth, denoting the mental state of a spectator who encounters a beautiful object. Wantonness is also a touchstone in interpretive accounts of Paradise Lost, exemplifying on the level of language the mimetic problems involved in Milton’s representation of prelapsarian experience. Hogarth’s version of wantonness is pragmatic, characterized by the duration and quality of the beholder’s attention and divested of moral overtones. Because the wanton chase transcends sex, it orients Hogarth’s aesthetics toward women as agents of discernment. Close readings of each passage from Milton’s poem cited in Hogarth’s Analysis support the author’s claim that a feminist account of aesthetic agency is at work in both texts.
On the Critiques of the Concept of Sex
Authors: Fausto-Sterling Anne
Published: May 2016

This dialogue between Anne Fausto-Sterling and Priscille Touraille revisits some of the essential issues in the confrontation between the different disciplinary epistemologies of gender studies and biology. Basing their conversation on the work developed by Fausto-Sterling since the 1990s, the two scholars shift their focus to the problematic articulations between the social sciences and biology that have shaped one of the most important critiques to emerge from gender studies in the last twenty-five years.
Rape Narratives, Courtly Critique, and the Pedagogy of Sexual Negotiation in the Middle English Pastourelle
Authors: Harris Carissa M.
Published: May 2016

This essay focuses on Middle English pastourelles, a popular but understudied medieval lyric genre centrally concerned with women's experiences of the threat of sexual violence. This genre offers contemporary audiences a rich and valuable resource for understanding medieval ideas about rape and resistance. The pastourelles closely echo the language of courtly love lyrics and thus function as a critique of courtly ideology, for they expose its violent denial of women's erotic subjectivity. Some pastourelles feature antirape pedagogical methods familiar to modern educators, including peer education models and the use of risk avoidance discourse. The genre's narrative diversity and pedagogical possibilities are particularly evident in a unit of three pastourelles copied in the early sixteenth-century Welles Anthology along with male-voiced poems of courtly love and misogynist vitriol and female-voiced erotic lyrics, demonstrating how the pastourelle can reinforce certain rape myths, authorize women's desire, and challenge courtly paradigms.
Applied stretch initiates directional invasion via the action of Rap1 GTPase as a tension sensor
Authors: Freeman Spencer A. , Christian Sonja , Austin Pamela , Iu Irene , Graves Marcia L. , Huang Lin , Tang Shuo , Coombs Daniel , Gold Michael R. , Roskelley Calvin D.
Published: May 2016

Although it is known that a stiffening of the stroma and the rearrangement of collagen fibers within the extracellular matrix facilitate the movement of tumor cells away from the primary lesion, the underlying mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. We now show that this invasion, which can be initiated by applying tensional loads to a three-dimensional collagen gel matrix in culture, is dependent on the Rap1 GTPase. Under these conditions Rap1 activity stimulates the formation of focal adhesion structures that align with the tensional axis as single tumor cells move into the matrix. These effects are mediated by the ability of Rap1 to induce the polarized polymerization and retrograde flow of actin that stabilizes integrins and recruits vinculin to preformed adhesions, particularly those near the leading edge of invasive cells. Rap1 activity also contributes to the tension-induced collective invasive elongation of tumor cell clusters and it enhances tumor cell growth in vivo. Thus, Rap1 mediates the effects of increased extracellular tension in multiple ways that are capable of contributing to tumor progression when dysregulated.
Tracking the kinematics of caudal-oscillatory swimming: a comparison of two on-animal sensing methods
Authors: Martín López Lucía Martina , de Soto Natacha Aguilar , Miller Patrick , Johnson Mark
Published: May 2016

Studies of locomotion kinematics require high-resolution information about body movements and the specific acceleration (SA) that these generate. On-animal accelerometers measure both orientation and SA but an additional orientation sensor is needed to accurately separate these. Although gyroscopes can perform this function, their power consumption, drift and complex data processing make them unattractive for biologging. Lower power magnetometers can also be used with some limitations. Here, we present an integrated and simplified method for estimating body rotations and SA applicable to both gyroscopes and magnetometers, enabling a direct comparison of these two sensors. We use a tag with both sensors to demonstrate how caudal-oscillation rate and SA are adjusted by a diving whale in response to rapidly changing buoyancy forces as the lungs compress while descending. Both sensors gave similar estimates of the dynamic forces demonstrating that magnetometers may offer a simpler low-power alternative for miniature tags in some applications.
Informal practices in municipal management
Authors: Бабинцев  , Babintsev Valentin , Юркова  , Yurkova Olga
Published: May 2016

The article deals with the phenomenon of informal practices in municipal management. The definition of this notion is given. The causes and consequences of their use in modern Russia are revealed. Based on the analysis of empirical data of a sociological survey conducted in the Belgorod region, the specifics of the perception of informal practices by municipal employees are determined.
Delivering high quality Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE) education
Authors: Cotton Richard
Published: May 2016

Good quality PSHE can help equip children and young people with the life skills they need to ensure a healthy future. This article looks at how school nurses can overcome some of the barriers they might face in its delivery and provides advice on best practice.
Psoriasis in children and young people: Treatment
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2016

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, which may also be associated with arthritis and increases the risk of development of a number of co-morbidities. Early diagnosis enables the professional to advise and treat the condition and sometimes forestall or delay the onset of some of the possible complications. This article will concentrate on confirming a diagnosis of psoriasis and the management of the condition.
Managing seedy toe
Authors: Logie Sarah
Published: May 2016

Sarah Logie AWCF discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this common cause of chronic lameness
The challenges of treating the eye
Authors: Chapman Stella
Published: May 2016

Stella Chapman, Teaching Fellow in Equine Studies, School of Medicine, University of Surrey, discusses why disorders of the equine eye are nearly always an emergency
Every child is nurtured
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: May 2016

Sal McKeown visits a nursery in a local community school which welcomes children with complex disabilities. She finds out how a well-trained and dedicated team ensure that all children live nursery life to the full.
How to make a difference
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: May 2016

Safeguarding training is a necessity rather than a matter of choice. Karen Hart looks at the latest policy developments and recommends courses that meet the new requirements at basic and advanced levels.
Time to party!
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: May 2016

Birthday parties are a huge event in the life of a child and their enthusiasm is guaranteed when it comes to seeking their creative input. With the right resources and ideas you can involve all age-groups.
The hunt goes on
Authors: Thomas Beth
Published: May 2016

Michael Rosen's We're going on a bear hunt is a classic book that no book corner should be without. Beth Thomas suggests ways to revisit the story and provides a fresh take with some exciting activities.
Deconstructing the Policing of the Normal: An Examination of the Work Done by Undercover Anti-Bullying Teams
Authors: Winslade John
Published: May 2016

Bronwyn Davies and her colleagues have argued for a Foucauldian analysis of bullying relations in schools as an alternative to the common assumption of pathological moral character in the bully. In a Foucauldian analysis, bullying works to maintain discursive categories of normality through marking those who differ as other. Bullying discourages dissensus and polices social norms more than it deviates from them. This paper takes up this analysis and examines the undercover anti-bullying team process for whether it produces greater openness to difference and challenges the discursive logic of bullying.
"Leaning In" as Imperfect Allies in Community Work
Authors: Reynolds Vikki
Published: May 2016

The work of allies in community work is informed by justice-doing and decolonizing practice. A brief description of being an ally is outlined here, as well as understandings of the importance of the concepts of fluidity and groundless solidarity in ally work. Leaning in is described and offered as a way to invite accountability while resisting righteousness. Leaning in invites collective accountability, which is a more useful concept than personal responsibility, which sides with individualism and the idea we are only held accountable for our personal actions. Strategies for being an ally are considered, including engaging with a hopeful skepticism while reflexively questioning whether we are walking the talk. The limitations of allies are discussed, as well as the need to make repair for our failures as allies. Strategies for resisting both unity and division are addressed, as is the possibility of creating cultures of critique that allow for something other than attack and division. Imperfect solidarity based on points of connection is offered as a useful strategy for maintaining good-enough and required alliances across time. Finally, some exercises are offered for readers to engage with: an inquiry into their histories and imperfect practices of being and needing allies, and some invitations to step into domains where they have previously not served as allies.
Impact of Mobile Dose-Tracking Technology on Medication Distribution at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Kelm Matthew , Campbell Udobi
Published: May 2016

Background

Medication dose-tracking technologies have the potential to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with re-dispensing doses reported as missing. Data describing this technology and its impact on the medication use process are limited.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of dose-tracking technology on pharmacy workload and drug expense at an academic, acute care medical center.

Methods

Dose-tracking technology was implemented in June 2014. Pre-implementation data were collected from February to April 2014. Post-implementation data were collected from July to September 2014. The primary endpoint was the percent of re-dispensed oral syringe and compounded sterile product (CSP) doses within the pre- and post-implementation periods per 1,000 discharges. Secondary endpoints included pharmaceutical expense generated from re-dispensing doses, labor costs, and staff satisfaction with the medication distribution process.

Results

We observed an average 6% decrease in re-dispensing of oral syringe and CSP doses from pre- to post-implementation (15,440 vs 14,547 doses; p = .047). However, when values were adjusted per 1,000 discharges, this trend did not reach statistical significance ( p = .074). Pharmaceutical expense generated from re-dispensing doses was significantly reduced from pre- to postimplementation ($834,830 vs $746,466 [savings of $88,364]; p = .047). We estimated that $2,563 worth of technician labor was avoided in re-dispensing missing doses. We also saw significant improvement in staff perception of technology assisting in reducing missing doses ( p = .0003), as well as improvement in effectiveness of resolving or minimizing missing doses ( p = .01).

Conclusion

The use of mobile dose-tracking technology demonstrated meaningful reductions in both the number of doses re-dispensed and cost of pharmaceuticals dispensed.
Direct Comparison of Metastasis-Related miRNAs Expression Levels in Circulating Tumor Cells, Corresponding Plasma, and Primary Tumors of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Markou Athina , Zavridou Martha , Sourvinou Ioanna , Yousef George , Kounelis Sofia , Malamos Nikos , Georgoulias Vasilis , Lianidou Evi
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are important in liquid biopsies in which peripheral blood is used to characterize the evolution of solid tumors. We evaluated the expression levels of miR-21, miR-146a, miR-200c, and miR-210 in CTCs of breast cancer patients with verified metastasis and compared their expression levels in corresponding plasma and primary tumors.

METHODS

Expression levels of the miRNAs were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in (a) 89 primary breast tumors and 30 noncancerous breast tissues and (b) CTCs and corresponding plasma of 55 patients with metastatic breast cancer and 20 healthy donors. For 30 of these patients, CTCs, corresponding plasma, and primary tumor tissues were available.

RESULTS

In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, these miRNAs were differentially expressed between primary breast tumors and noncancerous breast tissues. miR-21 (P < 0.001) and miR-146a (P = 0.001) were overexpressed, whereas miR-200c (P = 0.004) and miR-210 (P = 0.002) were underexpressed. In multivariate analysis, miR-146a overexpression was significantly [hazard ratio 2.969 (1.231–7.157), P = 0.015] associated with progression-free survival. In peripheral blood, all miRNAs studied were overexpressed in both CTC and corresponding plasma. There was a significant association between miR-21 expression levels in CTCs and plasma for 36 of 55 samples (P = 0.008). In plasma, ROC curve analysis revealed that miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-210 could discriminate patients from healthy individuals.

CONCLUSIONS

Metastasis-related miRNAs are overexpressed in CTCs and corresponding plasma; miR-21 expression levels highly correlate in CTCs and plasma; and miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-210 are valuable plasma biomarkers for discriminating patients from healthy individuals.
Can a two-person enquiry made through co-created movement reveal a profound sense of interconnectivity in the therapy room?
Authors: Finnegan-Clarke Tarisha
Published: May 2016

Guided by Buddhist teachings that call us to place our awareness on the body, this article explores the impact of the client’s moving body on the therapist’s moving body and vice versa. It discusses how coming into relationship is at a fundamental level a physiological process
which always creates movement responses in oneself and the other. This enquiry posits that because of this, we are by our very nature always resonating and interconnecting with the world. Case material attempts to evidence this by describing how, in coming into relationship in the therapy
room, movement always arises. I posit that this movement can often be patterned, (as we are conditioned by earlier relational experiences) and that by witnessing these patterns of movement we have the opportunity to become aware of our ‘stuck’ and painful relational strategies.
This increases the possibility that those parts of us that hide, turn away, yearn and resist can be discovered, acknowledged and brought into relationship in the therapeutic encounter. In so doing, a critical shift may occur, away from the experience of being separate with a perceived fixed
sense of self, so often felt and experienced in daily life, towards a deeper truth; that there is always underlying relational interconnectedness. This can help free us from our tight over-identification with the character of ‘me’ caught in repetitive patterns of being and move
us instead into a potentially freer, more dynamic sense of emergence; the taste of the ‘non-self’ responsive to the ‘here and now’ and full of compassion.
Choreographing the site of impermanence: Performing body with Buddhist philosophy and meditation in movement-based performance
Authors: Kittikong Tanatchaporn
Published: May 2016

This article offers some in-depth reflections on the body in Buddhism, and particularly the concept of ‘impermanence’ and ‘mindfulness of body’. I explore here, how the body is classified and intellectualized in Buddhist culture and tradition, with a focus on
definitions and practices of Buddhist Theravada, including: Satipatthana, Vipassana Meditation, Nama-Rupa and Kayagatasati. I offer further reflections on my own work as a performer and choreographer, and the experience of applying, experiencing and reflecting on the Buddhist body in performance.
From these in-depth observations that are derived from my deep immersion in Buddhist culture, my work as a performer/lecturer, and my doctorate, I focus specifically on the practice of ‘mindfulness’ and movement, which offers an experiential access route to a ‘direct experience’
of being; a state beyond attachments to body and notions of self. Notably, I am an insider cultured in Thai Buddhist traditions and culture – and from this standpoint, I both reflect on, and engage in, an intellectually rich, and complex spiritual traditional that ironically holds at
its core the lesson to pursue non-self, and hence resists analysis and intellectualism.
Book Reviews
Authors: Njaradi Dunja
Published: May 2016

Dance Circles: Movement, Morality and Self-Fashioning in Urban Senegal, Hélène Neveu Kringelbach (2013) Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books, 252 pp. ISBN: 9781782381471, h/bk, £75
Consolidation in the UK commercial radio sector: The impact on newsroom practice of recent changes in regulation, ownership and local content requirement
Authors: McDonald Katy , Starkey Guy
Published: May 2016

This article aims to explore the implications for local radio news in the UK commercial radio industry of a series of changes to the regulation of the sector since it was first established in the 1970s. A recent regulatory focus on product rather than process has enabled groups of stations to move not only programming production but also much news journalism out of the editorial areas it is intended to serve and into news ‘hubs’ intended to rationalize the process of news gathering and bulletin presentation and enable the groups to become increasingly profitable. The article considers a number of issues around the management of commercial radio groups in the United Kingdom, the development and, most recently, exploitation of the group ownership system of what mainly began as locally owned and locally operated radio stations, and the appropriateness of the current regulatory regime in the much altered media landscape of today. It uses original data derived from the ownership groups themselves to show the extent to which ‘hubs’ are routinely being used to increase profitability by making economies of scale, while also taking news journalism out of the editorial areas it is intended to cover.
No more ‘voices from down south’: Parallel voices in remote Queensland Indigenous communities
Authors: Watson Ian
Published: May 2016

This study examines the interaction between audience and producer in the production of local content by Indigenous radio stations in remote areas of far north Queensland, Australia. In the past three years, these stations have changed from being primarily carriers of content from Indigenous and non-Indigenous radio networks in other parts of Australia (from media organizations located ‘down south’ in major cities) to a network of stations broadcasting their own locally relevant and culturally specific programming 24 hours a day. Qualitative research, including participant observation of community broadcasters, reveals high levels of active audience engagement with local broadcasting, with content that is ‘hyper-local’ valued more than content produced outside of the community. Underpinning the engagement with radio in these communities is the accessibility of local producers and the ability of community members to have input into local content.
Community Health Global Network and Sustainable Development
Authors: Young Rebekah , Hughes Nicole , Wainwright Elizabeth , Lankester Ted , Grills Nathan
Published: May 2016

With the achievements, failures and passing of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), the world has turned its eyes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), designed to foster sustainable social, economic and environmental development over the next 15 years.(1) Community-led initiatives are increasingly being recognised as playing a key role in realising sustainable community development and in the aspirations of universal healthcare.(2) In many parts of the world, faith-based organisations are some of the main players in community-led development and health care.(3) Community Health Global Network (CHGN) creates links between organisations, with the purpose being to encourage communities to recognise their assets and abilities, identify shared concerns and discover solutions together, in order to define and lead their futures in sustainable ways.(4) CHGN has facilitated the development of collaborative groups of health and development initiatives called ‘Clusters’ in several countries including India, Bangladesh, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Myanmar. In March 2016 these Clusters met together in an International Forum, to share learnings, experiences, challenges, achievements and to encourage one another. Discussions held throughout the forum suggest that the CHGN model is helping to promote effective, sustainable development and health care provision on both a local and a global scale.
Christian milestones in global health: the declarations of Tübingen
Authors: Flessa Steffen
Published: May 2016

The conferences on Christian Health Care which were held in Tübingen (Germany) in 1964 and 1967 set a foundation for understanding the role of Christian health care services in the healing ministry of the church. However, it has to be asked whether the findings of these conferences are still relevant for the 21st century. In this paper we analyze the changes of the global health care provision since the declarations of Tübingen. Based on this analysis we argue that Christian health care services are still called to contribute to the struggle for health and healing worldwide, in particular for the vulnerables. However, this requires a thorough portfolio analysis of our services rendered and a focus on spirituality in particular of the leadership.
Gadolinium agents for theragnosis of malignant tumors
Authors: Chang Yongmin , Chae Kwon Seok , Lee Gang Ho
Published: May 2016

Imaging agents are essential in diagnosing malignant tumors. Various elements are currently used as imaging agents in various chemical forms; gadolinium for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), iodine for X-ray computed tomography (CT), and radioisotopes with short half-lives for positron emission tomography (PET). Among them, gadolinium is a special element which possesses outstanding theragnostic (e.g. diagnostic and therapeutic) properties for malignant tumors such as brain tumors, which are superior to all elements currently used clinically in various chemical forms. That is, gadolinium agents in nanoparticle or chelate forms can be used as MRI contrast agents or CT contrast agents to diagnose malignant tumors, and neutron capture therapy (NCT) agents to treat malignant tumors. Therefore, one gadolinium chemical in either chelate or nanoparticle forms could be used for theragnosis of malignant tumors. In this Opinion Article, researches conducted so far are briefly introduced, and outstanding theragnostic properties of gadolinium and what needs to happen before gadolinium agents can be applied to malignant tumor theragnosis, are discussed.
Hepatitis C Screening of the “Birth Cohort” (Born 1945–1965) and Younger Inmates of New York City Jails
Authors: Akiyama Matthew J. , Kaba Fatos , Rosner Zachary , Alper Howard , Holzman Robert S. , MacDonald Ross
Published: May 2016

Objectives. To examine uptake of screening for all individuals born between 1945 and 1965 (referred to by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as the “birth cohort”) and outline preliminary HCV prevalence data in the New York City jail system.

Methods. Data were extracted from electronic health records for all individuals screened for HCV between June 13, 2013, and June 13, 2014, in New York City jails. We used the Abbott EIA 2.0 HCV antibody assay for testing.

Results. In the year of study, 56 590 individuals were incarcerated; 15.1% were born between 1945 and 1965, and 84.6% were born after 1965. HCV screening was completed for 64.1% of the birth cohort and for 11.1% born after 1965, with 55.1% and 43.8% of cases found in these groups, respectively. The overall seropositivity rate was 20.6%.

Conclusions. Birth cohort screening in a large jail system identified many HCV cases, but HCV infection was common among younger age groups.

Public Health Implications. Universal screening may be warranted pending further study including cost-effectiveness analyses.
Challenges in Identifying Refugees in National Health Data Sets
Authors: Semere Wagahta , Yun Katherine , Ahalt Cyrus , Williams Brie , Wang Emily A.
Published: May 2016

Objectives. To evaluate publicly available data sets to determine their utility for studying refugee health.

Methods. We searched for keywords describing refugees in data sets within the Society of General Internal Medicine Dataset Compendium and the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research database. We included in our analysis US-based data sets with publicly available documentation and a self-defined, health-related focus that allowed for an examination of patient-level factors.

Results. Of the 68 data sets that met the study criteria, 37 (54%) registered keyword matches related to refugees, but only 2 uniquely identified refugees.

Conclusions. Few health data sets identify refugee status among participants, presenting barriers to understanding refugees’ health and health care needs.

Public Health Implications. Information about refugee status in national health surveys should include expanded demographic questions and focus on mental health and chronic disease.
A Parallelized and Hybrid Data-Integration Algorithm for History Matching of Geologically Complex Reservoirs
Authors: Gao Guohua , Vink Jeroen C. , Chen Chaohui , Alpak Faruk O. , Du Kuifu
Published: May 2016

It is extremely challenging to design effective assisted-history-matching (AHM) methods for complex geological models with discrete-facies types. One of the difficulties is the irregular and nonsmooth nature of the data-mismatch function that needs to be minimized, because of either numerical noise on simulation results or nonsmooth reparameterization. In this paper, a parallelized direct-pattern-search (DPS) approach with auto-adaptive pattern-size updating is developed to guarantee the convergence of the data-mismatch minimization, even when the objective function is nonsmooth because of numerical noise. A trust-region variant of the Gauss-Newton (GN) or quasi-Newton (QN) method is effectively combined with the noise-insensitive DPS method to enhance its performance by exploiting any available smoothness features of the objective function.

The new approach is first validated by a linear toy problem and a nonlinear toy problem where artificial numerical noise is introduced. Then, it is applied to a synthetic case and a real field case for history matching of channelized-turbidite reservoirs with three facies types. The model parameters subject to AHM include principal component analysis (PCA) coefficients, which automatically reconstruct the facies indicators and permeability, porosity, and net-to-gross maps. Other matching parameters such as aquifer strength and fault transmissibility are also included.

Numerical tests indicate that the hybrid algorithms perform better than the traditional QN line-search algorithms and the original Hooke-Jeeves DPS algorithm (Hooke and Jeeves 1961). The hybrid algorithms either can converge to a satisfactory solution with the same accuracy using lower cost or find a better solution with the same cost, especially for cases where adjoint derivatives are unavailable and numerical noise is unavoidable from reservoir simulation. The GN-DPS algorithm performs the best among all tested algorithms. The history-matched reservoir models obtained with the new AHM approach (GN-DPS combined with pluri-PCA) honor the production measurements with good accuracy. For both the synthetic and real cases, the history-matched reservoir models preserve geological realism.
Properties of Advanced Weathering‐Stage Soils in Tropical Forests and Pastures
Authors: Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Richter Daniel D.
Published: May 2016

Effects of tropical forest conversion to nonforest uses greatly affects low‐activity soils with substantial variable charge, but quantitative changes are poorly studied. We evaluated forest conversion effects on Ultisols and Oxisols by establishing a spatial comparison study on alluvial fans and terraces in the Rio General Valley of Costa Rica. Soils from pairs of forest and pastures on similar local landforms were sampled to evaluate differences in physical and chemical properties to a depth of 120 cm. In the upper 30 cm, soils under forests had lower bulk densities than under pastures (0.81 vs. 1.04 g cm−3), and soil C under pasture was less than that under forest by about 15.9 ± 10.4 Mg ha−1Compared with forest soils, those under pastures had a greater soil pHH2Othroughout the upper 120 cm (0.44 ± 0.10 pH units). Soil effective cation‐exchange capacity (ECEC) was 39 ± 19.9 kmolcha−1greater under pastures than under forests, a difference in ECEC that was mainly associated with an additional 19.3 ± 17.7 kmolcha−1of exchangeable Ca. Forest clearing and burning followed by conversion reduced soil C moderately but apparently increased the ability of mineral soils to retain exchangeable‐cationic nutrients because of increased soil pH. Water‐stability of aggregates was less in pastures than under forests (36.5% less for aggregates >2 mm). Reduced soil C was statistically associated with changes in the percentage of water‐stable aggregates >0.25 mm (R2= 0.34,P< 0.05). Our understanding of the effects of land uses on advanced weathering‐stage soils would benefit from monitoring studies that directly observe temporal soil changes caused by management.
Leachate Collection Efficiency of Zero‐tension Pan and Passive Capillary Fiberglass Wick Lysimeters
Authors: Zhu Y. , Fox R. H. , Toth J. D.
Published: May 2016

Lysimeter leachate collection efficiencies (LCEs), which are the measured leachate volume divided by estimated percolation water, are needed to convert measured leachate volumes to actual leachate fluxes. In this study, LCE of zero‐tension pan and passive capillary fiberglass wick lysimeters were evaluated and directly compared. A total of 18 pan and 18 wick lysimeters were installed 1.2 m below the soil surface in tilled and no‐till plots. From May 1995 to April 2000 the lysimeter LCEs were evaluated using a water‐balance method with evapotranspiration (ET) estimated by the Penman‐Monteith equation. On average, wick lysimeters collected 2.7 times more leachate than did pan lysimeters, and tillage had no effect on the 5‐yr total leachate volume at the 5% significance level. If the anomalous 1997 leaching year with an exceptionally warm and wet winter was excluded, wick and pan lysimeters collected about 50 and 20% of precipitation, respectively, from both tillage systems. The average 4‐yr LCE for wick lysimeters was 101% and that for the pan lysimeters was 40%. The much higher LCEs for both pan and wick lysimeters during the 1997 leaching year were thought to be the result of over‐sampling of leachate during the exceptionally wet and warm winter. Errors of ET estimates associated with estimating crop residue cover and water stress adjustment parameters were small. Errors in LCE estimates can be mathematically shown to be in the same range as those of ET estimates.
Patient and Other Stakeholder Engagement in Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Funded Studies of Patients with Kidney Diseases
Authors: Cukor Daniel , Cohen Lewis M. , Cope Elizabeth L. , Ghahramani Nasrollah , Hedayati S. Susan , Hynes Denise M. , Shah Vallabh O. , Tentori Francesca , Unruh Mark , Bobelu Jeanette , Cohen Scott , Dember Laura M. , Faber Thomas , Fischer Michael J. , Gallardo Rani , Germain Michael J. , Ghahate Donica , Grote Nancy , Hartwell Lori , Heagerty Patrick , Kimmel Paul L. , Kutner Nancy , Lawson Susan , Marr Lisa , Nelson Robert G. , Porter Anna C. , Sandy Phillip , Struminger Bruce B. , Subramanian Lalita , Weisbord Steve , Young Bessie , Mehrotra Rajnish
Published: May 2016

Including target populations in the design and implementation of research trials has been one response to the growing health disparities endemic to our health care system, as well as an aid to study generalizability. One type of community-based participatory research is “Patient Centered-Research”, in which patient perspectives on the germane research questions and methodologies are incorporated into the study. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has mandated that meaningful patient and stakeholder engagement be incorporated into all applications. As of March 2015, PCORI funded seven clinically-focused studies of patients with kidney disease. The goal of this paper is to synthesize the experiences of these studies to gain an understanding of how meaningful patient and stakeholder engagement can occur in clinical research of kidney diseases, and what the key barriers are to its implementation. Our collective experience suggests that successful implementation of a patient- and stakeholder-engaged research paradigm involves: (1) defining the roles and process for the incorporation of input; (2) identifying the particular patients and other stakeholders; (3) engaging patients and other stakeholders so they appreciate the value of their own participation and have personal investment in the research process; and (4) overcoming barriers and challenges that arise and threaten the productivity of the collaboration. It is our hope that the experiences of these studies will further interest and capacity for incorporating patient and stakeholder perspectives in research of kidney diseases.
From intelligent web of things to social web of things
Authors: Jabeur Nafaâ , Haddad Hedi
Published: May 2016

Numerous challenges, including limited resources, random mobility, and lack
of standardized communication protocols, are currently preventing a myriad of
heterogeneous devices to interact and provide Web services within the context
of the Web of Things (WoT). We argue in this paper that these devices should
be augmented with artificial intelligence techniques for an enhanced
management of their resources and an easier construction of Web applications
integrating Real World Things (RWT). To this end, we present a new
classification of the WoT challenges and highlight the opportunities of
embedding smartness into RWT. We also present our vision of Intelligent WoT
by proposing a multiagent system-based architecture for intelligent Web
service composition. In addition, we discuss the shift of the WoT toward a
Social WoT (SWoT) and debate our ideas within two important scenarios, namely
the Intelligent VANET-WoT and smart logistics.
Designing an intelligent home media center
Authors: Djuric Igor , Ratkovic-Zivanovic Vanjica , Labus Milica , Groj Dragana , Milanovic Nikola
Published: May 2016

This paper presents design and implementation of a personal intelligent home
media center. The primary goal was to increase the quality of life with the
use of ambient intelligence in smart homes. The solution presented here uses
client-server architecture with network-attached storage for storing all
multimedia contents. Sensors are used to identify person?s presence and
ambient intelligence techniques to recommend the most suitable multimedia
content to end-users. The major advantages of this personal intelligent home
media center are speed, intelligence, inexpensive components and scalability.
The implementation was done in within one home media center, for the
evaluation purposes.
Stability and path analysis for yield and related traits in silkworm, (Bombyx mori L.) reared under stress conditions
Authors: Chandrakanth N. , Moorthy S.M. , Rekha M. , Sivaprasad V.
Published: May 2016

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is a poikilothermic organism whose growth and
development is adversely affected by high temperatures. Rearing of silkworm
at high temperature conditions of tropical countries like India causes
extensive crop loss by reducing cocoon yield. Breeding new silkworm breeds
tolerant to high temperatures is the most effective and economical method to
increase cocoon yield. Introduction of stable genotypes in such breeding
programs and knowledge on the relationships between cocoon yield and other
traits would be more advantageous in increasing cocoon yield at high
temperatures. Therefore, in this study twenty silkworm genotypes were reared
in five artificially simulated environments with different temperatures
ranging from 25?C to 38?C. Based on coefficient of variation (%) values, the
traits cocoon yield / 10,000 larvae by weight (CY) and cocoon weight showed
maximum and minimal variation among the traits in all the five environments.
Analysis of variance revealed a substantial genetic variability among the
genotypes for most of the traits studied. The results of combined analysis of
variance showed significant differences over traits indicating that the
traits are influenced by genotype ? environment interactions. Stability
analysis with respect to CY showed higher mean value compared to grand mean,
regression coefficient equal to unity and less deviation from regression in
ATR16, CSR17, BHR2, S-5 and D13 genotypes, suggesting that they are
consistent with the CY over the different environments. Clustering based on
the stability parameters resulted in separation of twenty silkworm genotypes
into 5 clusters based on their ability to tolerate high temperatures.
Correlation studies demonstrated positive and significant (P < 0.05)
correlations between CY and other traits. Pupation rate was most positively
associated with CY followed by larval weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell
weight and cocoon shell percent. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that
the pupation rate had the maximum direct effect on CY followed by cocoon
shell weight and larval weight. Cocoon shell percent and cocoon weight
exhibited negative direct path effect on cocoon yield / 10,000 larvae by
weight. Therefore, the selection based on pupation rate, larval weight and
cocoon shell weight can be effective in improving cocoon yield in silkworm at
different environments with varying temperature.
Kidney auto-transplantation due to upper and middle ureter defect after ureteroscopy injury
Authors: Jovanovic Mirko , Maric Predrag , Bancevic Vladimir , Milosevic Radovan , Nikolic Ivica , Simic Dejan , Spasic Aleksandar , Milovic Novak
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Surgery complications during and after ureteroscopic procedures are rare, mostly temporary and require no special additional procedures. However, major complications, nevertheless their small incidence (less than 1?2%), can be very serious and they include ureter perforation and avulsion. Case report. We represented a patient with complicated ureter iatrogenic stenosis developed after ureteroscopic procedure of stone removal. After several hospitalizations, septic condition with retroperitoneal abscess and an attempt of endoscopic and open surgical solution, the kidney auto-transplantation was successfully done. Conclusion. There are a small number of complications with ureteroscopic procedures, but when ureter avulsion or perforation occurs, and when the mission is to preserve pair organs, kidney auto-transplantation has the advantage over other methods of ureter reconstruction.