bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИМИ ПРОДУКТАМИ В УМОВАХ ЗМІН
Authors: Verbovska L.S. , Mykytiuk N.Ye.
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена пошуку шляхів ефективного управління інтелектуальними продуктами починаючи від етапу винаходження, реєстрації та виходу на ринок. Для досягнення поставлених завдань використано методи: аналізу та синтезу; системний аналіз; логічний; абстрактний. Авторами статті запропоновано визначення суті поняття «інтелектуальний продукт», який слід розуміти як новостворені духовні і матеріальні цінності, які виступають результатом інтелектуальної діяльності особистості чи групи в результаті роботи. В статті висвітлено найпоширеніші типи прав інтелектуальної власності, до яких відносяться патенти, торгові марки, авторське право, зареєстровані знаки, права на компоновку ланцюгів, права селекціонерів. Доведено, що знання та розуміння правил ефективного використання інтелектуальних продуктів дає змогу суб’єктам господарювання краще розуміти інструменти управління ними, та отримувати вигоди чи користь, які вони можу приносити бізнесові, адже це додатковий прибуток. Обґрунтовано, розуміння керівниками компаній цінність різних засобів захисту та отримання вигоди від інтелектуальних продуктів, адже вона на пряму залежить від стратегії фірми, конкурентного середовища та швидко змінюваних контурів права інтелектуальної власності, та незалежно від форми власності повинні мати стратегію щодо формування портфеля інтелектуальної власності. Розглянуто вплив зовнішнього середовища на розвиток суб’єкта господарювання, адже з’являються нові правила, і вони досить потужно впливають на розвиток внутрішніх інтелектуальних продуктів, і сильно залежить від внутрішнього потенціалу суб’єкта господарювання. Зокрема, у статті проаналізовано, що розвиток процесів провокує стрімкий розвиток Індустрії 4.0 (Industry 4.0), а це повністю автоматизація виробництва, де управління всіма процесами здійснюється в режимі реального часу, та з врахуванням факторів мінливого зовнішнього середовища. Запропоновано застосовувати патентні стратегії або ж «охоронних стратегій» для більшого захисту запатентованих технологій, які надають продуктам та послугам перевагу над продуктами та послугами конкурентів. Патенти або ж так звані «охоронні стратегії» мають слугувати суб’єктам господарювання захистом для створених продуктів, які будуть лідирувати в категоріях, та посилювати зусилля щодо брендування даних продуктів.

Управління інтелектуальними продуктами відіграє важливу роль в управлінні суб’єктами господарювання, адже розпочинається процес входження в технологічні життєві цикли продуктів, що зумовлені змінним турбулентним середовищем. Стаття є актуальною як в науковому, так і прикладному аспектах.
A detergent for mango fruit sap-induced injury
Authors: Abu Moomin , Yuoni Eric Mwinlanaa
Published: January 2022

This study determined the optimum concentration of, and duration of immersion in a local detergent (“awabla”) that protected fruit skin of Kent and Keitt mango varieties from mango fruit sap-induced injury (sap-burn) at harvest.The resultant skin/peel colour, pulp colour, and total soluble solids content was also evaluated for fruit quality. Randomized Complete Block Design and Completely Randomized Design with four replications in each case were used for field and laboratory experiments respectively. For each of the two varieties, ten mango trees were sampled at random in each of the four replications of a mango plantation.On each sample tree, twenty panicles all initiating fruit-set were identified and tagged. The number of days from fruit-set to physiological maturity were monitored and harvested for the experiments. Concentrations of 0.25,0.50, and 0.75% of “awabla” solution for 25,30,and35 minutes immersion period in all combinations were established as appropriate and recommended for management of Kent and Keitt mango fruit sap-induced injury. The detergent (“awabla”) had a proven efficacy in the range of 87-94 % for Kent and 90-93 % for Keitt. The resultant peel colour, pulp colour, and total soluble solids content of Kent and Keitt mango fruit samples were not significantly influenced by the treatments at p>0.05.
What Parents have to Say: Content and Actionability of Narrative Comments from Child HCAHPS Survey
Authors: Quigley Denise D. , Predmore Zachary
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

To examine the content and actionability of written comments from parents and guardians on the Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (Child HCAHPS) survey.

METHODS

We coded 548 narrative text comments linked to demographic information from the Child HCAHPS survey from July 2017 to December 2020 about inpatient pediatric care at an urban children’s hospital-within-a-hospital at an academic medical center. We developed initial codes based on research findings and the content of the Child HCAHPS survey, and also added codes that emerged from the comments. We performed directed and conventional content analysis.

RESULTS

Most comments were positive and provided by the child’s mother. About half referred to content on the Child HCAHPS survey, primarily on being treated with courtesy and respect or explaining care at discharge. Comments about other topics most frequently provided a narrative rating of the provider or described whether providers were caring and friendly. Thirty-nine percent of comments were deemed sufficiently specific to make improvements (ie, actionable) in inpatient pediatric care; negative comments or comments about care for sicker patients were more often actionable.

CONCLUSIONS

Child HCAHPS comments provided rich detail and a large portion were deemed actionable. Comments also provided insights into topics both on the survey itself and on many other inpatient pediatric issues raised by parents and guardians. More research is needed on the value of Child HCAHPS comments, the association between Child HCAHPS open-ended and closed-ended responses, and how quality leaders and frontline staff use comments to improve inpatient pediatric care.
“Wine, sweet wine”: significados e determinantes da compra por impulso de vinho do Porto
Authors: Campos Cláudia , Lins Samuel
Published: January 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os significados atribuídos pelos portugueses ao vinho do Porto; além disso, investigar, através de um estudo experimental, como a unicidade e o desconto influenciam a tendência para comprar por impulso o vinho do Porto, e perceber como as variáveis em estudo influenciam cada um dos contextos experimentais. Participaram no estudo 538 portugueses (382 mulheres e 156 homens, idade média = 33,35 anos). Os resultados indicaram que, quando os portugueses pensam no vinho do Porto, eles pensam no processo, no armazenamento e nos locais associados à produção do vinho; pensam nas suas características, nas ocasiões sociais especiais onde é usualmente consumido e no seu valor cultural. Com o estudo experimental, verificou-se que, aquando da exposição a um produto único, os portugueses tendem a comprar mais por impulso, independentemente do preço. Enquanto, no caso de um vinho mais popular, o desconto é um fator determinante na tendência para comprar por impulso. Adicionalmente, os resultados também mostraram que o desconto, as emoções positivas, a unicidade do vinho e a impulsividade do consumidor também foram fatores que influenciaram a tendência para comprar vinho do Porto por impulso.
Transparencia pública: análisis de su evolución y aportes para el desarrollo del gobierno abierto
Authors: Osorio-Sanabria Mariutsi Alexandra , Barreto-Granada Piedad Lucía
Published: January 2022

La transparencia pública (tp) es un medio que promueve la rendición de cuentas y el acceso de información a los ciudadanos sobre lo que está haciendo con su gobierno. Este proceso apoya a los gobiernos para que sean más abiertos y generen nuevos espacios de comunicación e interacción con la ciudadanía. El propósito del artículo es analizar, a través de un estudio de mapeo de literatura, la producción científica en torno a los enfoques, beneficios, desafíos, impactos y evaluaciones de la transparencia pública en el gobierno abierto. Se examinaron 52 estudios publicados entre el 2010 y el 2018, en revistas y conferencias indizadas en la base de datos Scopus. Los resultados muestran que existe un interés en investigar las estrategias que promueven la transparencia e identificar las barreras políticas, de gestión y tecnológicas que interfieren en el logro de los objetivos de la transparencia y los efectos deseados en los ciudadanos y el Gobierno. Se concluye que la trasparencia no es un monólogo planteado por el Estado, sino que debe identificar las características del ciudadano a quien pretende llegar, por los cual se requiere abordar diferentes elementos para satisfacer las necesidades de información del ciudadano respecto a la gestión pública.
Nápoje na dvorech králů a knížat z dynastie Jagellonců konce 15. a počátku 16. století
Authors: Kozák Petr
Published: January 2022

This study presents an analytical probe into the field of beverage culture as it was cultivated in the late 15th and early 16th century at the courts of the descendants of the Polish‑Lithuanian ruler Casimir IV († 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty: the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislaus († 1516), his son, the Czech and Hungarian king Louis († 1526), and then his brothers, the Polish king John Albert († 1501), the grand duke of Lithuania and later also the Polish king Alexander († 1506) and the future Polish‑Lithuanian ruler (the then Duke of Opava and Głogów and the governor of Silesia and Lusatia) Sigismund († 1548). The starting point of the research was a comprehensive analysis of rare, preserved account books kept at the courts of these monarchs. This study describes the various types of beverages consumed (especially wine and beer) both in the social and geographic context. In addition, it also includes the sphere of consumers‘ taste preferences.
Resistance of Clostridioides difficile spores (Clostridiales: Peptostreptococcaceae) to sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Authors: González-Carballo Gian Carlo , Rodríguez César
Published: January 2022

Clostridioides difficile is a significant cause of diarrhea in hospitals and the community. This bacterial pathogen is transmitted through the ingestion of endospores, which are challenging to eliminate due to intrinsic resistance to a variety of chemical disinfection agents. The well-characterized laboratory strain CD630 displays low virulence, has not caused outbreaks, and is highly susceptible to disinfectants. Nonetheless, a closely related strain termed NAPCR1 caused outbreaks in Costa Rica and later became endemic in many hospitals from this country. This strain causes disease through unusual mechanisms and is genotypically distinct from CD630. Consequently, its epidemic potential could be influenced by as yet unknown spore phenotypes, such as increased resistance to disinfectants. Objective: To determine whether the NAPCR1 strain is more resistant to a conventional and highly effective C. difficile sporicidal agent than strain CD630 and to identify potential explanatory mechanisms at the genomic level. Methods: We used an in vitro dilution-neutralization method to calculate the sporicidal activity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DCC) against purified spores from three subtypes of NAPCR1 isolates (LIBA-2945, LIBA-5761, and LIBA-6276), CD630, and a representative of the highly virulent and epidemic NAP1 strain (LIBA-5758). This phenotypic characterization was complemented with a genomics-steered search of polymorphisms in 15 spore- or sporulation-related genes. Results: Whereas DCC at a final concentration of 0.1 % (w/v) eradicated CD630 endospores with high efficacy (log10 reduction factor (LFR) ≥ 5), it only partially inactivated NAPCR1 (average LFR range: = 1.77-3.37) and NAP1 endospores (average LRF = 3.58). As hypothesized, the three NAPCR1 subtypes tested were more resistant to DCC than strain CD630 (ANOVA, P < 0.05), with LIBA-5761 showing the highest level of DCC resistance overall (ANOVA, P < 0.05). All three NAPCR1 isolates showed large deletions in bclA1. Besides, isolates LIBA-5761 and LIBA-6276 had deletions in bclA2. Conclusions: Our in vitro tests revealed a differential resistance of spores from the C. difficile NAPCR1 strain to DCC. They highlight the importance of continuously evaluating the efficacy of deployed disinfection agents against circulating strains and hint to a potential role of structural proteins from the exosporium in resistance to disinfectants in C. difficile.
Unmanned aerial vehicle, and GIS tools, to monitor the reproduction of the flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis (Aves: Phoenicopteridae)
Authors: Luque-Fernández César R. , Caballero Kenny , Pauca Gregory Anthony , Villegas Luis , Alcelay Ibai , Machaca John
Published: January 2022

Introduction: High Andean flamingos also known as parihuanas, are species of recurrent presence in the high Andean areas which find this area as an important resting, feeding and in some cases breeding area The species recorded here correspond to Phoenicoparrus jamesi, Phoenicoparrus andinus and Phoenicopterus chilensis, the latter being the most abundant and common. During the censuses performed during 2018 and 2019, in the high Andean lake of Salinas, Ramsar site, located within the Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca in Southern Peru, atypical behaviors of these birds were recorded in a sector of the lake, observing reproductive courtship and the settlement of colonies of P. chilensis. Objective: The study aimed to confirm and evaluate reproductive events of P. chilenesis (Chilean flamingo) through the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and image processing tools using geographic information systems. Methodology: Monitoring was conducted during 2018 and 2019 to breeding colonies of P. chilensis, we used a UAV Phantom 4 testing different flight altitudes to avoid disturbing the birds and performed records of aerial photographs and GIS post-processing with the creation of panchromatic images for the identification and counting of individuals and eggs automated, and manual verification. Results: During 2018 were identified nests and presence of six eggs, this occurred between March and June where the event was interrupted not observing chicks or juveniles during this period, for 2019 the breeding was more successful, where a higher number of eggs were counted (40-66) and with the formation of three reproductive colonies with 4 185 adult individuals, also verified the presence of chicks and juveniles that reached a maximum of 1 491 individuals. Conclusions: We confirmed two continuous reproductive events of P. chilensis in the Salinas lake, where during 2019 was the most successful incorporating several new individuals to the initial population, likewise the methodology applied in the image processing allowed differentiating between adult individuals and eggs but did not allow differentiating juveniles, however, the images directly acquired by the UAV allow distinguishing the types of individuals to perform a manual count.
Diversidad y estructura arbórea en afloramientos de carbonato de calcio en Calakmul, México
Authors: Esparza-Olguín Ligia , Martínez-Romero Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La vegetación arbórea de selvas que se desarrolla en ambientes kársticos dominados por carbonato de calcio enfrenta la restricción de agua y nutrientes, lo que condiciona su desarrollo. Objetivo: Analizar la composición, diversidad y estructura de la vegetación arbórea que se desarrolla en afloramientos de calcio (yesales) y sus condiciones edáficas comparándolas con las presentes en vegetación secundaria (VS). Métodos: Se emplearon 17 parcelas de 1 000 m², 14 en yesales y 3 en VS. Se obtuvo una muestra compuesta de suelo por parcela y estimamos pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE-salinidad), % de carbonatos de calcio (CaCO3), materia orgánica (MO), fósforo (P) y nitrógeno (N). La diferencia en la composición de especies se evaluó mediante un análisis de similitud (ANOSIM). Empleamos métodos de rarefacción y extrapolación, estimando la diversidad mediante los números de Hill (q = 0, q = 1 y q = 2). Se utilizó un análisis de regresión linear para evaluar la influencia de las características edáficas en la diversidad, el diámetro y la altura promedios. Resultados: Los suelos en yesales presentaron concentraciones bajas de MO, P y N, valores altos de CE-salinidad y altos porcentajes de CaCO3. Se registraron 6 443 individuos de 54 especies en yesales y 594 individuos de 62 especies en la VS, siendo la composición significativamente diferente. La diversidad, los valores promedio de altura y diámetro fueron menores en yesales respecto de VS, estas diferencias estuvieron relacionadas con las condiciones edáficas. Conclusiones: La vegetación arbórea en yesales tiene una composición semejante a la de selvas subperennifolias de Calakmul. Las tallas pequeñas de los árboles están relacionadas con el alto porcentaje de CaCO3 y los altos valores de CE que condicionan la disponibilidad de MO, N y P. Este estudio apoya la idea de que precarias condiciones edáficas tienen una influencia negativa en la diversidad y la estructura horizontal y vertical de la vegetación arbórea.
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND ANAEROBIC PROFILE OF ELITE WOMEN BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Tsankov T.
Published: January 2022

Changes in the levels and the dynamics in the development of anaerobic capabilities are of utmost importance in basketball – a sport with intermittent and speed-strength characteristics. The objective of the study is to establish the anthropometric and anaerobic profile of elite basketball players from the national team of women up to 20 years of age. This profile will help the future selection, forecasting and the refinement of the training methodology for the preparation of elite basketball players of this age group, In order to solve the identified tasks, we have used the following methods of study: anthropometrics, BMI, cycle-ergometrics, and mathematics-statistical methods (variational and correlations analyses). As a result of the carried-out training process, between the two tests we have noticed statistically reliable changes in the AcTM (active total body mass), PRMM (percentage of the muscle mass out of the total), PP (peak power), and AnP (average anaerobic power).
Based on the conducted research, a model was created for the assessment of the studied morpho-functional indicators and the anaerobic capabilities of under-20 y.o. women basketball players, for their participation in a European Championship.
MAKNA TRADISI BUTALE HAJI DI TIGO LUHAH SEMURUP KABUPATEN KERINCI
Authors: Supian  , Denny Defrianti  , Nurdin Fatonah
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan data kualitatif dengan pendekatan interaksi simbolik, melalui sejarah tradisi butale haji serta makna dan nilai dari tradisi butale haji dalam budaya masyarakat Tigo Luhah Semurup kabupaten Kerinci. Fokus penelitian ini adalah sejarah dan makna aktivitas tradisi butale haji di Tigo Luhah Semurup. Pemahaman tentang tradisi butale haji sebagai nilai interaksi simbolik dalam budaya masyarakat Tigo Luhah Semurup yang mengikat kekerabatan dan kebersamaan.

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah dimulai dari interaksi masyarakat Tigo Luhah Semurup yang telah terjadi interaksi selama bertahun-tahun dan berlangsung turun-temurun hingga saat ini. Pada saat berkumpul menikmati kebersamaan dan kegotongroyongan terjadi interaksi antara satu dan yang lainnya antar sesama warga dalam kegembiraan dan keharuan mengantar saudara mereka untuk berangkat ke tanah suci Mekkah.

Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa masyarakat Tigo Luhah Semurup sangat menjaga tradisi butale haji ini. Aktivitas butale haji yang dilakukan dengan sadar, dengan motif dan tujuan untuk menjaga hubungan kekerabatan, kebersamaan, gotongroyong dan keikhlasan dalam melaksanakan aktivitas tradisi butale ini juga menjadi sarana komunikasi antar kerabat untuk saling mendukung dan mendoakan kepergian saudara melaksanakan ibadah haji dengan gembira tanpa meninggalkan beban dan rasa khawatir.

            Kesimpulannya, aktivitas tradisi butale haji sebagai nilai penguat dan perekat hubungan kekeluargaan, kebersamaan, gotong royong, keikhlasan dalam masyarakat Tigo Luhah Semurup kabupaten Kerinci.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM TRADISI BATAGAK PANGULU DI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA
Authors: Sandora Lisna
Published: January 2022

Minangkabau adalah suatu wilayah di Indonesia yang mempunyai adat istiadat yang mempunyai ciri khas, salah satu tradisi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Minangkabau adalah tradisi Batagak Pangulu yang diselenggarakan oleh salah satu suku yang ada di Minangkabau khususnya  di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Batagak pangulu adalah sebuah upacara adat yang berfungsi untuk memilih dan mengangkat pemimpin kaum yang baru atau mengganti pemimpin kaum yang lama. Jadi batagak pangulu merupakan upacara pergantian atau pewarisan kepemimpinan suatu kaum di dalam adat Minangkanau. Sebagai tradisi yang sangat kental dalam masyarakatnya, prosesi batagak pangulu mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan  berupa nilai pendidikan tentang kepemimpinan, musyawarah, kerjasama, seni dan nilai sopan satun, tatakrama serta tutur kata berbahasa.
New record of Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Chromodorididae) in the Republic of Mauritius
Authors: Ah Shee Tee Lisa , Puchooa Daneshwar , Appadoo Chandani , Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan
Published: January 2022

To date, 179 species belonging to the gastropod infraclass Euthyneura are known from Mauritius. We report for the first time from Mauritius the chromodorid nudibranch, Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830), based on 47 sites surveyed over 17 months. This species was previously known from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Indo-Pacific Ocean, and Western Indian Ocean. We observed it in Mauritius at Bain des Dames near a shipwreck under coral rubble. Considering the small size and camouflage behavior of some nudibranch species, additional fieldwork will likely add others species unknown from the islands.
Development of Inorganic Molecular Shape Model Using 3D Printer to Strengthen Student's Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Pratama Rizal Galih , Harta Johnsen
Published: January 2022

This research aims to develop a product in the form of an inorganic molecular shape model using a 3D printer, analyze the validity, practicality, effectiveness of the product, and strengthen students' conceptual understanding using the product. The method is Research and Development (R&D) based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The supporting instruments for this research are product and instrument validation sheets, product readability questionnaires, pretest-posttest questions, question during the trial, observation sheets for students' conceptual understanding, and student response questionnaire to the product. The results showed that the product developed was following the ADDIE model because the five stages were carried out systematically; the product being developed has very high validity with an average percentage of 96.88%; the average percentage of practicality is 95.17%  which is categorized as very practical, and the average percentage of effectiveness is 94.69% which is categorized as very effective; the product developed can strengthen students' conceptual understanding shown on the average percentage of conceptual understanding indicators achievement during the trial was 90.61% and the observation result was 94.69%, both of which belong to very high category. There was an increase in the average pretest value of 33.93 and post-test of 63.99. The results of the Rasch analysis after using this product showed that the consistency of students' answers was 0.71 (quite good), the quality of the items was 0.93 (very good), and the interaction between the consistency of students' answers was 0.68 (quite good). The product can be used to strengthen students' conceptual understanding on the topic of molecular shape.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DIETARY Moringa oleifera LEAVES AS GROWTH MODULATOR AND IMMUNOSTIMULANT AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila FOR FARMED Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Mapanao Ratchaneegorn , Jiwyam Wirat , Khrueanet Wilailuk , Nithikulworawong Nudtha
Published: January 2022

Herbal medicine, including moringa (Moringa oleifera), is widely used as dietary supplementation to enhance growth performance and increase disease resistance in aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing moringa leaves on growth performance, hematology and disease resistance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish (38.05 ± 0.83 g) were fed with a commercial feed supplemented by moringa leaves at 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, ad libitum, twice a day for eight weeks. Results revealed that 15% moringa leaves supplemented diet gave the highest weight gain, while the specific growth rate was statistically significantly different (p<0.05) among the treatments. Fish fed with 25% supplementation had the highest total red blood cell count and total white blood cell count. All experimental groups had higher values of red blood cells and white blood cells than the control group. The challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that the fish fed with the 25% moringa leaves supplementation diet had the highest relative percentage survival rate. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups. However, the treatment groups had a statistically significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). Results of the present study indicated that supplementation of 15% moringa leaves in diet gave optimal growth performance, while supplementation of 25% moringa leaves in the diet showed the best results in terms of the health of nile tilapia. Moringa leaves supplemented in nile tilapia diet enhanced growth performance and increased disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
GROWTH AND EARLY REPRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF SHEATFISH, Ompok miostoma (Vaillant, 1902) REARED IN CONTROLLED CONCRETE TANKS
Authors: Gustiano Rudhy , Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Cahyanti Wahyulia
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to observe the growth and reproductive biology of wild sheatfish in controlled concrete tanks. The research was carried out from January to November 2020 at the Research Station for Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm, Cijeruk, Bogor. Sampled fish were captured from Cilala Lake in Bogor and Cipanas River in Sumedang, West Java. The collected fish were 14.6 ± 2.24 cm in length and 21.5 ± 9.19 g in weight. Growth and reproductive biology parameters were measured every 30 days. Cortisol, estradiol, vitellogenin, testosterone, glucose, and hemoglobin were also determined as the supporting parameters for gonadal maturity. Measured water quality parameters were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and alkalinity. The results showed that sheatfish grew with a specific growth rate of 0.4 ± 0.15%/day, FCR of 3.2 ± 0.26, and survival rate of 100%. Observation on the gonad maturity found that the fish studied were in the level-I and II. There are no significant differences regarding the supporting parameters (P>0.05) on the fish examined, despite the tendency of decreasing cortisol, and increasing testosterone. Based on the results, this study concludes that the observed fish can adapt, grow, and start to mature their gonads in their new environment, with temperature as one of the possible key factors influencing its gonad development.
GROWTH AND EXPRESSION PATTERN OF GROWTH-RELATED GENES IN THE FAST-GROWING GIANT GOURAMI Osphronemus goramy
Authors: Sandra Siska Aliyas , Nasrullah Hasan , Arfah Harton , Jr. Muhammad Zairin , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: January 2022

Growth improvement of the giant gourami through molecular assisted selection offers a breakthrough solution regarding the slow growth problem in culturing the fish species. However, gene molecular expression studies and gene mapping information are scarce for this species. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, expression of the growth-related genes and compare the gene expressions between fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) fish. The polymorphism screenings were also conducted within the GH sequence of the FG and SG populations. Fish growth was analyzed by measuring length and weight once a month. The expression levels of GH, IGF1, AMPK, ARS-I, ALT, and AST genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. Twenty-five days old fish were reared for 30 days. The fish were continuously reared separately based on their body weight (BW) for 85 days until reaching 140 days old. At the end of the rearing period, the BW growth rate of the FG population was 1.569-fold higher, and body length (BL) growth was 1.056-fold higher than the SG population. FG fish have higher gene expression than the SG fish, indicating the important role of gene expression in fish growth. The polymorphisms screening within the GH sequences showed no significant difference between FG and SG fish of giant gourami. These research results provide valuable information in developing the marker-assisted selection for growth traits in giant gourami.
SUBSTITUTION OF FISH OIL WITH PALM KERNEL OIL IN DIETS OF Oreochromis niloticus FRY: EFFECTS ON GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND ECONOMIC ESTIMATES
Authors: Ayisi Christian Larbi , Alhassan Elliot Haruna , Sarfo Freda
Published: January 2022

This study assessed the impact of replacing fish oil with palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry on growth, feed efficiency and proximate composition. Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated using palm kernel oil as a substitute for fish oil at 0% (PKO-0), 50% (PKO-50), and 100% (PKO-100). Two hundred O. niloticus fry with initial weight of 0.80± 0.25g were purchased from Water Research Institute Upper West, Ghana and transported to the Spanish Laboratory of University for Development Studies (Ghana) where they were kept and fed two times a day on commercial diet from Ranaan feed for two weeks. The fry was then stocked in triplicate groups in 60 L tanks (50 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm) at 20 fry per tank. At the end of the eight weeks feeding trial, there was a significant difference amongst the three treatments with respect to final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate. It was observed that the least mean values for feed intake, protein productive value, protein efficiency ratio, and protein intake occurred in fish fed PKO-0. There was a trend of increasing whole body moisture content as palm kernel oil increased. Fish fed PKO-0 recorded the lowest lipid content (7.48 ± 1.13%) in the whole body. From the economic analysis, it is evident that palm kernel oil is a cheaper source of lipid for tilapia. This study therefore recommends palm kernel oil as a substitute for tilapia diet.
Doctors, Drugs, and Danger
Authors: SULZER MARK , COLLEY LAUREN , HELLMAN MICHAEL , LYNCH TOM
Published: January 2022

Scholarship on young adult (YA) literature has long attended to the interrelationship of power, ideology, and narrative. Drawing on this scholarship, we examined a nonfiction text about the opiate epidemic. Using critical comparative content analysis (CCCA), our study examined differences in Dreamland (the original version) and Dreamland (the young adult adaptation) to better understand the changing nature of textual representation when youth become the imagined audience. We found that in the youth adaptation of Dreamland, the implied youth reader is (a) provided less information about the opiate epidemic, which is also delivered in a simpler structure; (b) kept at a greater rhetorical distance from people who might be deemed unsavory, and (c) given a more optimistic view of the opiate epidemic in terms of progress achieved rather than action needed. The youth adaptation of Dreamland, therefore, positions youth as needing simplicity, protection, and a sense of optimism. Our analysis demonstrates how the implied youth reader is a textual byproduct of discourses of adolescence/ts. As youth adaptations continue their prominence in the YA marketplace, scholars and teachers should critically engage how youth are positioned as readers and thinkers by the YA publishing industry. Next steps involve additional studies that focus on the implied (youth) reader through CCCA and studies that involve middle and secondary education students, the real readers of these texts. This study is supplemented by an interview with Sam Quinones, the author of the original version of Dreamland.
Intensely Original
Authors: DAVIS LAURA
Published: January 2022

The story of Beauty and her beast is truly a tale as old as time: a beautiful girl falls in love with a beast and her love transforms him into a prince. This project is framed by Joosen’s (2011) argument regarding fairy tale retellings disrupting Jauss and Benzinger’s (1970) claim that fairy tales and retellings align with the horizon of expectations. Using Kemmerer’s A Curse so Dark and Lonely (2019), a “Beauty and the Beast” retelling, this essay tests Joosen’s (2011) theory to determine if the retelling remains true to or diverges from the original parent material.
Cinderella’s Transformation
Authors: PARSONS LINDA
Published: January 2022

Cinderella’s story endures through countless adaptations. In this study, I analyzed the tropes of the patiently suffering heroine, the cruel stepmother, magical help, beauty as female currency, and being chosen by the prince in Cendrillon (Perrault, 1697), Mechanica (Cornwell, 2015), and Cinder (Meyer, 2012). The (re)visions deconstruct binary gender roles through heroines who liberate themselves from their servitude, prioritize independence over marriage, and experience supportive female relationships. The portrayals of the cruel stepmothers disrupt the trope of powerful women as inherently evil, and the storylines critique the injustices of Othering. These (re)visions reflect contemporary discourses that expand expressions of femininity.
Innovative British tunnelling system uses swarms of lining robots to cut cost and risk
Authors: King Mike
Published: January 2022

An innovative tunnelling system based on swarms of robots building linings from within a ring of horizontal boreholes was unveiled at the British Tunnelling Society conference last year. Mike King, BTS committee member and hyperTunnel technical board member, explains the benefits.
Remote river energy system: an open-source low-maintenance turbine design for remote areas
Authors: Masters Ian , Bird Joshua , Birch Benjamin , Reader Maximilian , Turner William , Holland Tom , Lake Thomas , Williams Alison J.
Published: January 2022

Axial flow hydro-kinetic turbines convert the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid into electrical energy, and can be designed for deployment in a wide range of locations. As relatively recent technology, these designs are often high in cost, complex and require specialist maintenance and materials. This is not viable for many communities in developing countries, which may subsequently remain reliant on fossil fuels. A remote river energy system has been designed to be built and maintained using minimal equipment, with components that can be readily obtained. A formal design process has been used with design review and feedback stages; design tools included Simulink modelling, finite-element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, nodal analysis and flume testing. A handful of components such as the turbine blades require specialist machining and maintenance. Results demonstrate how an effective water turbine with a 3 kW output can be theoretically produced and maintained without an over-reliance on specialised components and tools, thereby producing a more economically viable water turbine for use in developing countries. Open-source distribution of the design drawings will facilitate application of the design and improvements by other stakeholders. The design study presented is a platform for prototype technology trials to further develop the concept.
Full-scale test on emergency pavement repair under aeroplane loading
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Wei , Gao Peiwei , Weng Xingzhong , Su Lihai
Published: January 2022

To investigate the structural response of emergency pavement repairs under aeroplane loading and verify the backfill material and structural applicability, two craters were backfilled. Crater 1 comprised a 2.4 m thick layer of recovered flying objects, 0.4 m of graded crushed rock (GCR), 0.2 m of roller-compacted concrete and a fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) course. Crater 2 comprised a 2.4 m thick layer of flying objects, 0.6 m of GCR and a FRP course. Static and dynamic loads were applied using two aeroplanes. The results showed that the FRP pavement layer reduced the maximum deflection of crater 2 by 21%. Crater 1 and the concrete pavement were both slightly rigid structures with a strong load-transfer ability. The dynamic deflection basin curves of crater 2 could be fitted using a Gaussian function, while the curves of crater 1 and the concrete pavement were fitted using a quartic polynomial. Under static loading, the earth pressures of crater 2 at −0.6 m, −0.4 m and −0.2 m depths were 4.3, 9.0 and 9.6 times of those of crater 1, respectively. At a depth of −0.2 m, the earth pressure of crater 1 was 0.11 MPa, while that of crater 2 was 1.06 MPa. The results can be used to guide rapid quality inspection and optimisation design of emergency pavement repair structures and materials.
Hydrogen Generation from Methane on FeN3 and FeN4 Embedded Graphene Surface Using DFT Method with Grimme-D3 Dispersion Correction
Authors: KÜÇÜK Hilal
Published: January 2022

In this article, the catalytic effect of Nx graphene embedded by Fe metal has been conducted for methane (CH4) decomposition reaction using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with Grimme-D3 dispersion correction. Recently, the catalytic activities of TMNx (x=3→4) graphene surfaces on chemical reactions have attracted a lot of attention. In particular, the activities of graphene surfaces can be increased by different numbers of doped nitrogen atoms on the graphene surface. For analyzing the adsorption mechanism, adsorption energy, BBader charge, charge density difference and the partial density of state have been calculated. CH4 molecule is attached into FeN3 embedded graphene physically with higher adsorption energy (-0.41 eV) than that of FeN4 graphene. Their charge transfers from the molecule to the surface are quite small 0.0041e^- for FeN3 and 0.0003 e^- for FeN4 graphene. The decomposition of methane has been calculated using the nudged elastic band method. There are the sequential four steps (CHx → CH(x-1)+H, x=4,3,2,1). All reactions in these steps are endothermic. The activation energy of the first hydrogen production from methane (CH4 →CH3 +H) on FeN3 surface is 0.39 eV while the barrier energy is 0.20 eV. However, the same reaction on FeN4 graphene has a quitequite high activation energy same as its barrier energy (1.84 eV), and its initial state switches directly to the final state without the transition state. The activation energies of most steps on FeN3 embedded graphene are much lower than that of FeN4 graphene surface. Therefore, dehydration reactions can occur with lower energy on FeN3 surface. This study can assist to discover a promising catalyst for methane dissociation through their finding.
Effect of Microchannel Dimensions in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Gold Microelectrode
Authors: GHORBANPOOR Hamed , CORRİGAN Damion , DOĞAN GUZEL Fatma
Published: January 2022

Microfluidic chip systems have been an area of interest for lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip studies in recent years. These chips have many advantages such as high efficiency, low sample consumption, fast analysis, durability and low cost. Today, electrochemical sensors are frequently applied in microfluidic chips because of their potential for label-free detection and low-cost production. A commonly employed electrochemical technique is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which captures changes in phase and amplitude as signal passes through the system under test. In the utilization of microelectrodes within microfluidic channels, noise becomes a problem in EIS measurements. In this study, EIS measurements were performed using microfluidic chips with various dimensions of width while the properties and dimensions of the microelectrodes were kept constant. It was found that the results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) cleaning and EIS experiments deteriorated when smaller than 1 mm wide-microchannels were integrated onto 100 µm wide microelectrodes. These finding sets the basics for on-chip electrochemistry experiments using microfluidic integrated microelectrodes and therefore is fundamentally important in future on-chip EIS measurements.
Assessment of the mental foramen location in a sample of Saudi Al Hasa, population using cone-beam computed tomography technology: A retrospective study.
Authors:   Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Mahabob M. Nazargi , Sukena Sameer Alzouri ,   Dental Clinical Complex, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Al Otaibi Abdul Rouf Mohammed ,   College of Dentistry, King Faisal Univer-sity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bello Sanusi Mohammad ,   Neuromedical Sciences, College of Den-tistry, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Fathima A. Misba ,   Genesen Endo & Ortho Centers, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: January 2022

Background: It is essential that the dentist understand the positional variations of the mental foramen to perform different types of dental procedures. This study was conducted to identify the position of the mental foramen among the Saudi population of Al Hasa. Material and Methods: According to the selection criteria of 200 CBCT images, 101 images were selected. The selected images were categorized into five groups with respect to patient age. Each image was evaluated from both sides of the mandible and then recorded in six classes (position I-VI) according to the horizontal position and three classes in the vertical position. Results: In the Saudi Al Hasa population, Type 4 (at the level of 2nd premolar) was the most common location for mental foramen in the horizontal direction, on the right side (n= 41; 40.6%) and on the left side (n=44; 43.6%). Mental foramen was found in the vertical location, Type 3 (below the apex of 1st and 2nd premolars) was found in the right side (n= 54; 53.5%) and left side (n=56; 55.4%). The position of mental foramen is not constant and changes according to gender and ethnicity. This warrants dentists to evaluate patients individually. Conclusion: Even though the present study was done with a small sample of patients it provides a picture about approximate location of mental foramen among the target group of a population.
Roe deer population trend after reintroduction of Eurasian lynx within the Palatinate Forest: a first insight into a long-term study
Authors: Tröger Carolin , Tsegaye Diress , Hohmann Ulf
Published: January 2022

After becoming extinct approximately 250 years ago in the Palatinate Forest, the first Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were reintroduced within this area in 2016, with 20 lynx reintroduced in the following five years. We observed the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest before (2016) and during (2017–2019) the lynx reintroduction by estimating the population and evaluating the hunting bag. The roe deer population estimation based on the distance sampling method was conducted on ten defined transects with an average length of 48 km from 2016 to 2019, observing a 6,000 km transect length for 120 nights overall. An average of 6.54 ± 1.28 roe deer km-² was estimated over the course of the four years (2016 – 2019). Since we suspect that our estimations might underestimate the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest, hence we preferred to use the roe deer count index for further analysis. Over the first four years (2016–2019), significant differences were neither found in the roe deer count index nor for the hunting bag in relation to the reintroduction of the lynx. The data and findings presented in this study provide a first insight into a long-term observation of a predator-prey system within the Palatinate Forest, with roe deer not having experienced a natural predator over a long time. In order to make coherent interpretations, long-term data is needed to estimate the population trends of both species within the Palatinate Forest.
miND pipeline AWS EC2 installation and setup v1
Authors: B Diendorfer Andreas , not provided Kseniya.Khamina , not provided marianne.pultar
Published: January 2022

miND is a NGS data analysis pipeline for smallRNA sequencing data. In this protocol, the pipeline is setup and run on an AWS EC2 instance with example data from a public repository. Please see the publication paper on F1000 for more details on the pipeline and how to use it.
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miND pipeline AWS EC2 installation and setup v2
Authors: B Diendorfer Andreas , not provided Kseniya.Khamina , not provided marianne.pultar
Published: January 2022

miND is a NGS data analysis pipeline for smallRNA sequencing data. In this protocol, the pipeline is setup and run on an AWS EC2 instance with example data from a public repository. Please see the publication paper on F1000 for more details on the pipeline and how to use it.
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O możliwej indoeuropejskiej etymologii wyrazu pies
Authors: Piwowarczyk Dariusz
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwej etymologii polskiego wyrazu pies jako kontynuacji praindoeuropejskiej formy na określenie ‛psa’. Większość dotychczas postulowanych hipotez dotyczących pochodzenia tego leksemu określa go jako innowację słowiańską zastępującą odziedziczony z praindoeuropejskiego wyraz. Zdaniem autora najnowsze modele indoeuropejskiego słowotwórstwa rzeczownikowego mogą jednak wskazywać na indoeuropejską proweniencję tego słowa, związaną z nazwą ‛psa’ oraz ‛bydła’.