bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lexical Density and Politeness Strategies in EFL Writings
Authors: Haji Ghada
Published: December 2024

This study adopts a corpus-based analytical approach to assess lexical density and politeness strategies performance in the writings of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) graduate students. The data consists of 30 job application letters produced by university students enrolled in Master One, IT Management. AntConc tool was used to compute the lexical density relying on Ure’s (1971) method. Besides, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) coding scheme of politeness was employed to trace the pragmatic strategies used by non-native English speakers in the target language. The findings revealed that the participants’ letters are commonly categorized as Not Dense, indicating a low language proficiency. As for the performance of politeness strategies, the results suggest that students lacked awareness regarding the use of some necessary positive and negative strategies and insufficient attention has been paid to the pragmatic aspect of their texts. The linguistic and pedagogical implications of this paper will be significantly pertinent to EFL and ESL academic writing instructors, curriculum designers, and language teaching researchers.
The Use of Google Translate in the Translation Class at English Education Study Program Pattimura University
Authors: Afiliani Afiliani , Tanasale Inggrit O. , Rijoly Helena M.
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to discover how students used Google Translate (GT), their refinement efforts, and their perceptions towards using GT in The Translation Class. The research participants were students in The Translation Class of the English Education Study Program at Pattimura University in the academic year 2022/2023. An explanatory sequential mixed method design was used in this study. The qualitative data were obtained from observation and interview and analyzed using thematic analysis. Meanwhile, the quantitative data was obtained from a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that students mostly used GT to facilitate translation tasks, especially for assignments, learning materials, and new vocabulary. In the classroom, GT was allowed for assignments but prohibited during exams, while students were free to use it at home. Students usually try to translate independently before using GT. They recognized the limitations of GT and made efforts to confirm and improve the translation. Despite these shortcomings, students maintained positive perceptions regarding the usefulness of GT in the Translation Classroom. These findings highlight differences in students' attitudes and perceptions towards GT and its role in translation classrooms.
Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi Revan Koleksiyonundaki Ejderha Figürlü Ciltler
Authors: Genç Ayşenur
Published: December 2024

Türk cilt sanatında hayvan üslubu ile üretilmiş kapların desenlerinde geyik, ceylan, kaplan, aslan, ördek, tavşan ve tilki gibi yaban hayvanlarının yanı sıra ejder, simurg ve kilin gibi efsanevi varlıkların bulunduğu örnekler de mevcuttur. Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi Revan Koleksiyonunda yer alan eserlerden yedi adedinin cildinde ejder figürü tespit edilmiştir. Tarih boyunca taş ve maden işçiliği, duvar resimleri ve minyatür gibi farklı sanat dallarındaki örnekleri çeşitli çalışmalarda incelenen ejder figürünün cilt sanatındaki örnekleri üzerinde duran bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Revan koleksiyonu içerisinde ejder figürlü ciltlerin tespiti bu yönüyle önem taşımaktadır. Tespit edilen ciltlerin çizimleri yapılarak desenleri analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca Tahran Malik Kütüphanesi, Victoria Albert Müzesi, Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi ve Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi Hazine ve III. Ahmet koleksiyonlarında yer alan benzer tezyinatlı ciltler belirlenerek karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.
Mozart’ın Zaide Operasının 18. Yüzyıldaki Benzer Temalı Eserlerle Olan İlişkisi
Authors: Bozkurt Ayşe , Gökdağ Ebru
Published: December 2024

Çalışmada Mozart’ın Zaide operasını bestelerken Avrupa’nın büyük bölümünü etkisi altına alan Türk modası ve bu modadan etkilenen diğer önemli yazar ve müzisyenlerle olan etkileşiminin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Mozart’ın Zaide operasını bestelemeden önce eserle benzerlik gösteren Franz Joseph Sebastiani’nin Das Serail isimli müzikli oyunu ve François Marie Arouet Voltaire’in Zaire başlıklı tragedyası ile olan ilişkisi bağlamında sınırlandırılmıştır. Makale kapsamında ilk olarak Avrupa’da oryantalizmin nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve 17. yüzyılda etkili olan Türk opera akımı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Das Serail ve Zaide eserlerinin librettoları ilişkilendirilerek metinlerarası bağlantısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca Zaire tragedyası kullanılan tema ve konu benzerliği bakımından Das Serail ve Zaide ile karşılaştırılarak irdelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda Mozart’ın Zaide operasını bestelerken dönemin önde gelen yazarlarından Voltaire ve Sebastiani’den esinlendiği saptanmıştır. Bestecinin yüksek olasılıkla bu iki eseri de izlemiş ya da basılan metinlerinden haberdar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Literatür tarama yöntemi, doküman analizi ve nitel araştırma tekniği ile yapılan bu çalışma araştırmacılara Zaide operası hakkında kapsamlı bir kaynak oluşturması bakımından önemlidir.
Land Take: from Fabric Classification to identifying Areas for Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Authors: Luisa Santini , Elisa Ducci
Published: December 2024

The recent Nature Restoration Law by the European Parliament includes an objective of achieving zero “net land take” by 2050. With the same aim, since 2024, the Territorial Governance law in Tuscany has required municipalities to redefine the perimeter of urbanized territory as it is only within these areas that new buildings can be constructed. The law assigns a fundamental role to regeneration plans as chosen tools to plan marginal contexts where it is possible to reclaim areas for urban development without consuming new land. In addition, it prescribes that the delimitation of urbanized territory must start from the classification of urban fabric in relation to codified morphotypes of contemporary urbanizations. Therefore, to define urban regeneration policies, it is possible to identify critical issues and quality objectives for each of them. The aim of this research is to implement a methodology for the definition of urban morphotypes while ensuring consideration of the fragility conditions of the territory related to environmental factors. In the Municipality of San Giuliano Terme in the province of Pisa, we have identified areas where urban regeneration for settlement development is closely linked to strategies to safeguard and restore green ecosystem services, protect against hydraulic risk, and counter heat islands.
An Assessment of Sawmill Wood Waste Availability for Use in Gasifiers in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Owoyemi J. M. , Melodi A. O. , Olukunle O. J. , Oguntunde P. G. , Titiladunayo I. F. , Ayodeji O. Z. , Fuwape J. A. , Oyeleye I. O. , Akinwamide T.O , Ogunniyi O. J.
Published: December 2024

This study adopts a descriptive research design and employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both primary and secondary data, to assess wood waste generation and management techniques in sawmills across Ondo State, Nigeria. The objective was to evaluate the availability of wood waste and its potential utilization as feedstock for mini-grid gasifiers to generate electricity from renewable sources. Data were collected through surveys, observations, and analysis of sawmill operations. The findings revealed that wood waste comprised residues from the primary conversion of logs, with sawdust contributing the largest quantity. Sawmills in Akure South, with the highest log conversion capacity, contributed the largest volume of wood waste. On average, wood waste generation (WWG) was 44% per log, while lumber recovery (LR) was 56% per head rig, with variations linked to factors such as log shape, size, and conversion techniques, indicating inefficient log conversion in the state. Additionally, wood waste management practices were inadequate, with lumber cut-offs, slabs, and bark sold at a low value and sawdust often disposed of cheaply for domestic use. This study confirms that wood waste can be efficiently utilized as feedstock in mini-grid gasifiers, providing a sustainable solution for electricity generation in Akure, Ondo State.
Forms and motives of blasphemy in church stories about “miraculous” deaths: Orthodox publications of the late 19th–early 20th c.
Authors: Bushueva Anna A.
Published: December 2024

This article explains the genre specificity of texts that arose as a result of priests’ and laity’s religious ideas interaction which lies on the border between folklore, church journalism, and publicist articles in late 19th–early 20th c. media. The author analyses the relationships, ranging from conflict to agreement, which consititute the diverse functions and meanings of these texts. The results have revealed what the types of blasphemous acts within the boundaries of genre logic subject to divine punishment and who was condemned to a “miraculous” death (their gender, age, social origin, nationality, and religious status). Based on the motive for the crime indicated in the sources, their classification is proposed. The first category includes stories about disrespect for shrines and church rituals, manifested in an everyday context, often without malicious intent, due to frivolity, aggravated by intoxication: e. g., defamation of icons, priests, violation of fasts or holidays, theft of church property. The second category includes public atheistic performances, whether verbal (preaching the non-existence of God) or physical (shooting at icons). The third category includes Old Believer criticism of Orthodox church teaching and its shrines. The fourth category includes stories of “betrayal” of God and the church, retreat from service for the sake of earthly well-being and self-interest. All categories share doubt in God’s power, openly and fearlessly expressed in front of numerous witnesses. With the “unnatural”, sudden, and painful death of blasphemers in the end of each story, God refutes doubts in his ability to carry out immediate retribution and earthly judgment. In general, blasphemy can be read as an ordinary action of a person who existed outside the boundaries of the strict ideas of the clergy about the sacred and inviolable, or as a conscious protest against the divine and/or the social structure associated with it, a form of emancipation.
Global development financial institutions: the experience of project financing
Authors: Barakhovsky Artem S. , Mikhina Elena V. , Andreev Dmitriy A.
Published: December 2024

There is a significant research interest in project financing as a tool for active development of investment activity in Russia. The novelty of such research lies in studying the role, practical significance, and potential opportunities of development financial institutions (DFIs) in project financing. Using the methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, the authors have analyzed the global practice of DFIs, which identifies the main vectors for the institutions’ current activities, achievements, and problematic aspects in promoting project financing. The cases of DFIs in Canada, Germany, and Brazil show the specifics of DFIs’ activities in project financing to solve social and economic problems, to overcome global problems and challenges, and to achieve sustainable development goals. Majority of the research focuses on the organizational, functional, regulatory, and legal support for the activities of DFIs as a tool for implementing investment projects. The other countries’ experience serves as a possible model for application in Russia. The comparison of the main parameters of DFIs in different countries identifies the strengths and weaknesses in their functioning, which is important for the Russian researchers and investors.
Small businesses in Moscow (part 1)
Authors: Voronov Victor V. , Nikonov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

In terms of social and technological risks, the development of small businesses is discussed as one of the important tools for the adaptation of the Russian economy in general and Moscow’s in particular, considering the rising political conflicts and the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. Both the practitioners and researchers indicate that the decline of entrepreneurial activity might have negative long-term consequences. In the situation of weak development of small business institutions, not only their present contradictions may not be resolved, but new institutional “traps” may occur. Since the 1990s, when small businesses were “admitted” to the Russian economy, their biggest problems remain the same: high taxes (which will worsen due to the 2024 tax reform); difficulties with sales, working capital, hiring qualified personnel, and renting premises; legal insecurity and officials’ extortion; investment risks, failures of payments, and business-partners’ unreliability. Being the leader both in small business development and in government support, Moscow was chosen as a showcase of small business development. The literature review combines the results of small business research both from purely formal economic positions and within the contexts of small businesses’ social capital, values, and motivations. Additionally, this paper aims to verify the connection between entrepreneurs’ emancipative values and formal and informal types of social capital, highlighting businesses’ freedoms and equal opportunities. Having accounted for the limited planning horizons and weak social security from the standpoint of social justice, the results reveal that the state regulation and support of small businesses in Moscow require significant changes to increase the social responsibility of its actors, while the state management of social and economic processes of its development needs special transformations.
Sociological understanding of the population’s place in the digital economy
Authors: Strabykina Mariya V.
Published: December 2024

In the current socio-economic realities, a distinctive feature of the digital economy is the exponential increase in the efficiency of information and communications technology, where new digital solutions, digitization, and robotics are changing economic processes. Among these processes, the population occupies a special place. This article reveals that in the digital economy, human activity is significantly transformed as the main participant in the digital transformation process, acting as both a supplier and consumer of digital goods and services. Based on the analysis of the existing theoretical definitions, the author presents sociological understanding of the digital economy, including its typological definitions, essential properties, three-level model, and its constituent elements. The literature review includes the state documents on the digital economy development in the regions. The results highlight the main role of the population in the digital processes of a changing society. Additionally, attention is paid to information technologies becoming a key factor in the digital economy, the issues of digital competence of future specialists, and their demand in the labor market, as well as the platforms that are important in economic relations and which are acquiring a digital appearance.
Prospects of Gazprom against the backdrop of global economic trends
Authors: Tenkovskaya Lyudmila I.
Published: December 2024

Economic research provides a broad understanding of forecasting company stock prices based on the impact of trends in external economic factors. However, PJSC Gazprom and its stock prices in the current economic situation have not been an object of study before. This article aims to forecast Gazprom’s stock prices depending on the trends in world natural gas prices, China’s gross domestic product (GDP), and the Moscow Exchange Index (IMOEX). In accordance with this objective, the following tasks have been solved: considering theoretical aspects of Gazprom functioning in external economic conditions; selecting an appropriate methodology for economic modeling of the factors under study; determining the trends and forecast values of world natural gas prices, China’s GDP, the IMOEX, and Gazprom’s stock prices. That has required using ADF test, KPSS test, centered moving average method, economic and mathematical modeling based on correlation and regression analysis, as well as polynomial and linear trends. The author presents the models of a polynomial trend, a linear trend, and multiple linear regression to forecast world prices for natural gas, China’s GDP, the IMOEX, and Gazprom’s stock prices, respectively. The results have established that global economic trends may positively affect the growth of Gazprom’s share prices, since they will increase the economic efficiency of this company. If the identified trends persist in the future, it is advisable to invest in Gazprom.
Assessment and risk analysis of an IT project of an innovative product for regional development
Authors: Maikova Anastasiya A. , Kislitsyna Sofiya I. , Starchenkova Olesya D. , Kholina Ekaterina R.
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the issue of IT project risk management, namely, the analysis and assessment of potential risk events. Risk management issues have been and remain relevant, as they are an integral part of planning any project. This study aims to analyze and assess the risks of implementing an IT project to create an ecosystem of smart bicycle parking in the region. The study uses the case of a project developing a mobile application for the ecosystem of smart bicycle parking in St. Petersburg (Russia). The main methods used are analysis, synthesis, classification, mental modeling, brainstorming, SWOT analysis, and Ishikawa method. The results identify potential risks and divide them into groups by constructing an Ishikawa diagram. The project implementation risk registers are formed, including the risk name, its causes, potential impact, the measures to eliminate the event, and the measures to eliminate the consequences of the event in the event of occurrence. Based on the expert risk assessment, a risk management matrix is compiled, where all risk events are distributed according to the degree of influence in the event of their implementation, as well as the probability of occurrence. The results obtained can be useful to initiators of similar projects to develop an ecosystem of smart parking for personal vehicles.
Platform work in Russia: employment features and precarization risks
Authors: Leonidova Galina V.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the features of platform employment in Russia and the related employment risks of workers on digital platforms or Internet services for finding work. The empirical base includes open data from sociological surveys on this survey by the Higher School of Economics and the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The object of the study is employees of non-standard forms of employment, including participants in digital labor platforms. The results have revealed that platform employment has precarization risks, since employees have no defined employment status and weak social protection of workers. Non-standard forms of employment, which can also include platform employment, have both their advantages (higher wages, greater freedom in choosing the boundaries of working hours, work and rest) and disadvantages (lack of a mechanism for protecting labor rights and social guarantees, irregular schedules and overworking). The features of platform workers portrait are highlighted, mostly similar to those described in a number of other academic publications: predominance of the male workforce, urban residents, mainly with higher and secondary specialized professional education, and middle age. The author shows that the lack of social security, as the main criterion for the risks of precarious employment, is perceived by employees in terms of their preferences. The data indicate a lower quality of those whose work is associated with a traveling nature (courier, driver), part-time work, shift work. At the same time, platform workers and people with flexible work schedules have higher quality indices of labor potential than the average for the region’s population. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in assessing the scale of employment on platform services.
Who is ready to join green practices: automatic analysis of user interest
Authors: Zakharova Olga V. , Glazkova Anna V. , Hodyrev Arseniy N. , Bessonova Sofia D. , Zagainova Evgeniya O. , Ivanova Darya V. , Kalimova Altynai E. , Vasilec Anastasija A.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the importance of identifying social media users interested in participating in green practices —actions aimed at preserving or transforming the environment; scaling up these practices is a socially significant task. We provide user taxonomy based on their engagement in online environmental communities, which includes four categories of users and aspects describing these categories: a) disinterested users (not members of environmental communities); b) passive subscribers (members of environmental communities, inactive); c) active subscribers (members of environmental communities, active); d) agents of influence (the most involved group of active subscribers). Based on the proposed taxonomy, we collected a dataset of 1 663 entries. The data collection was carried out on the VKontakte social network. We used the thematic vector of user subscriptions to predict the degree of their interest towards participating in environmental practices. Using the collected dataset, we evaluated the effectiveness of the basic set of classification algorithms, including linear, probabilistic, metric, logical, and ensemble classifiers. We used thematic vectors of user subscriptions as input data and the labels of user activity in environmental communities as targets. The best result in terms of the F1-score was obtained using the Random Forest classifier (85.59%). The results show that users’ interest towards environmental practices can be predicted based on the themes of their subscriptions. In further work, more complex sets of features can be used to solve this task.
Heat metering transducer, satisfying the concept of “subversive” innovation
Authors: Vakulin Aleksandr A. , Montanari Sergey G.
Published: December 2024

Creating flow meters within the concept of “subversive” innovation is an urgent task for Russia. In accordance with this concept, the generated flowmeter must meet the minimum requirements acceptable to customers, contained in the relevant regulatory documents. This article presents the results of an experimental study on a possible option of a measuring converter of a heat flow meter. A distinctive feature of the measuring converter is the use of a heater in contact with a single temperature sensor. The research was carried out at the installation, assembled at the Department of Applied and Technical Physics of the School of Natural Sciences of the University of Tyumen (Tyumen, Russia). The experimental data provided includes temperature changes over time with a change in the mass flow of air at different mutual position of the temperature sensor and heater. The results obtained suggest installing the only temperature sensor first in the flow directly contacting the heater. To expand the dynamic range with a controlled change in the power of the heater and to reduce the cost of the heat meter, we suggest replacing the industrial meter-register IS-203.4 with a simplified secondary converter based on microcontroller system, which is intended for measurement, display, registration, and management of the metering transducer; its flowchart is provided.
Accuracy analysis of solving two-phase filtration problem using neural network modeling methods
Authors: Ponomarev Roman Yu. , Vershinin Vladimir E. , Kovalkova Anastasiya S.
Published: December 2024

When designing the development of oil and gas fields, the use of mathematical modeling methods is required to select the optimal option for field development. One of the key tasks is to simulate the dynamics of flooding producing wells with an operating reservoir pressure maintenance system. The target modeling parameters include the time of water breakthrough into the producing well and the amount of product flooding at the breakthrough time. Practically, such calculations are performed on 3D hydrodynamic simulators based on the numerical solution of differential filtration equations. The accuracy of numerical modeling in this case largely depends on the quality of constructing the grid calculation area, while the quality significantly depends on the shape of the calculation area. The increase in the size of grid blocks, typical for hydrodynamic modeling, has a negative effect on the calculation accuracy. One of the alternative methods of modeling physical processes is neural network modeling. A recent widespread method is physically informed neural networks capable of approximating exact solutions of differential equations with high accuracy. The key feature of this approach is organizing neural network learning process both on precise initial and boundary values, as well as on the execution of predefined systems of differential and algebraic equations. In this case, a trained neural network can calculate desired values at any point in the definition area, and not only at the nodal points when using finite difference solutions. Thus, this works aims to develop neural network methods for calculating phase saturation in large-scale modeling of two-phase filtration; and to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions obtained. The article provides a comparative analysis of solutions to the one-dimensional Buckley–Leverett problem. Three methods of obtaining solutions are considered: an exact analytical solution; a numerical solution obtained by finite difference methods; and a grid-less neural network approximation based on a multilayer perceptron model. The upwind method was used as a finite difference method, which provides the most accurate reproduction of saturation changes. A multilayer perceptron with two types of activation functions was used as a physically informed neural network. An additional condition, which corresponds to the law of conservation of mass at the jump, needed to be included in the error functional in order to determine the position of the saturation jump. The results showed that after training, the neural network solution can reproduce the evolution of rarefaction waves and saturation jumps with high accuracy. The nodes density of the training sample can be reduced without significantly reducing the accuracy of the neural network approximation. The results obtained can be used in the development of hybrid algorithms for modeling oil displacement processes.
Тенденции подготовки кадров высшей квалификации в Российской Федерации
Authors: Кузнецова Альфия Рашитовна , Ахметьянова Альбина Ильшатовна , Кузнецов Александр Игоревич
Published: December 2024

В статье отмечается резкое сокращение численности аспирантов в Российской Федерации в 2010–2021 гг.: их общее количество сократилось на 43% и составило 90156 чел. Наибольшая доля аспирантов и докторантов сконцентрирована в образовательных организациях высшего образования (87% и 92% соответственно). Число успешных защит кандидатских диссертаций сократилось с 9611 до 1500 (почти на 85%). Общая численность докторантов в Российской Федерации за период с 2010 по 2021 гг. уменьшалась с 4418 до 932 чел., т. е. почти на 79%, при этом уровень приема в докторантуру сократился с 1650 до 210 чел., т. е. на 83%. Таким образом, мы наблюдаем катастрофическое сокращение числа приема аспирантов и докторантов. Для такой большой страны, как Россия, прием в аспирантуру в год составляет 329 чел. на один регион, а в докторантуру — 2-3 человека на один регион. За анализируемый период доля успешных защит докторантов сократилась с 28,5% до 10,5%, в т. ч. в образовательных организациях высшего образования — с 30,3 до 11%. Данная ситуация может негативно сказаться на формировании интеллектуального потенциала страны, на количестве инновационных разработок и зарегистрированных патентов, а также авторских программ. Среди лидирующих по числу защит отраслей наук, наибольшая доля успешных защит приходится на химические, сельскохозяйственные, медицинские и технические науки. Доля успешных защит диссертаций с выпуском из докторантуры по направлениям подготовки (в процентах свыше 50,0%) приходится на следующие направления подготовки: «химические технологии» — 66,7%, «клиническая медицина» — 66,7%, «ветеринария и зоотехния» — 55,6%, «физико-химическая биология», «транспортное, горное и строительное машиностроение», «искусствоведение», «социология» — по 50%. Стабильно высоким является удельный вес защит по медицинским, физико-математическим, биологическим, сельскохозяйственным, химическим и юридическим отраслям наук. Фактически это доказывает наличие стабильно функционирующих научных школ, классических традиций и создает уверенность в их дальнейшем успешном развитии.
Финансовое мошенничество в современном мире
Authors: Данилова Елена Павловна , Портняга Екатерина Михайловна
Published: December 2024

С развитием цифровых транзакций и онлайн-банкинга существенно вырос риск финансового мошенничества. Технологии создали для мошенников новые возможности использования уязвимостей в финансовых системах и совершения преступлений. Понимание влияния технологий на финансовое мошенничество в разных странах имеет решающее значение для разработки эффективных стратегий предотвращения и борьбы с ним, а также оценки эффективности принимаемых мер. В исследовании дается описание различных методов, используемых мошенниками для манипулирования цифровыми системами, рассматриваются уязвимости и пробелы в текущих мерах по борьбе с мошенничеством, анализируются данные и тенденции в области финансового мошенничества, выявляются закономерности в факторах, способствующих большей восприимчивости людей к мошенническим схемам. Основная цель работы — оценить степень влияния технологий на финансовое мошенничество и сделать выводы о его влиянии на финансовые учреждения и частных лиц в различных географических точках, а также дать представление о влиянии технологий на финансовое мошенничество в разных странах и определить эффективные стратегии его предотвращения и выявления. В заключение дается представление о решении текущих проблем финансового мошенничества и понимании важности использования передовых технологий для предотвращения мошеннических действий в будущем. Результаты исследования послужат ценной информацией для организаций, занимающихся управлением рисками и разработкой превентивной политики в непрерывно развивающейся технологической среде.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions towards COVID-19 Disease and Vaccinations: A Cross-sectional Study from a Developing Country
Authors: Masa'deh Majd , Alrabadi Nasr , Harun Sabariah Noor
Published: December 2024

Background

The world has faced challenges in persuading developing nations to adopt COVID-19 vaccines. Despite initial vaccine campaigns, COVID-19 is a global health crisis, and regional and population vaccination efforts vary. Knowledge, attitudes, and views regarding COVID-19 vaccination reveal how well the community understands its value and effectiveness. Public health strategies and efforts to boost vaccination rates depend on this understanding. Thus, this study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adults from a developing country toward the COVID-19 vaccination and their post-vaccination experience.

Methods

A dual-language (Arabic and English) questionnaire was developed and validated to assess COVID-19 vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the participants. The study questionnaire was developed and validated as an instrument. The questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms for a cross-sectional study, and all analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS.

Results

Six hundred thirty-five participants between 18 and 60 years responded to the questionnaire. The majority of respondents were female (64.3%) and middle-income (500-1000 JOD/month) (43.9%). Chronic illnesses were absent in 87.9% of participants. At least one COVID-19 immunization was given to 90.7% of them. COVID-19-infected people had more knowledge about the disease (B= 0.537; p=0.037). Greater COVID-19 vaccine knowledge was also linked with greater monthly income (B= 0.232; p=0.032) and postgraduate education (B= 0.405; p=0.014). Postgraduate education was also associated with higher positive views of COVID-19 immunization (B= 1.160; p=0.029). COVID-19-infected people were less likely to support vaccination (B= -0.758; p=0.024).

Conclusion

The study found that individuals understand and approve of the COVID-19 vaccine. They were rational and optimistic about the COVID-19 vaccine. Various characteristics that improve vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions were also explored. To ascertain long-term COVID-19 protection, vaccination attitudes and post-vaccination experiences of the people must be assessed as knowledge and attitudes change. This information may be useful for booster dose and immunization campaign messages. Conducting and reporting studies help policymakers to make informed decisions as knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions change during pandemics.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in Infections of the Spine and Infections in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: L. Buensalido Joseph Adrian , P. Reyes Milagros
Published: December 2024

The most widely used inflammatory markers are erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein
(CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). A review of the literature was done on their application in spinal infections and spinal
cord injury (SCI) patients. ESR, CRP and PCT as markers of infection have their uses in various but specific medical
conditions.

SCI patients are unique because they are in a chronic state of inflammation. In these patients, CRP >50 mg/L may support
the diagnosis of true UTI. In those with chronic infections of the spine/vertebrae, an ESR of >20-30 mm/h appears
superior to an elevated CRP for diagnosis, although it is still preferred to do both tests. Serum PCT of ≥0.4 ng/mL was
reported to be highly specific in diagnosing acute osteomyelitis, but evidence was very limited. No study on PCT for
chronic osteomyelitis was found. In post-spine surgery patients, CRP is more useful than ESR, while PCT is superior to
CRP in detection of post-operative infections because the former does not rise too high, even after major neurosurgery.
PCT of >0.5 ng/mL is reasonable evidence to start antibiotics and further investigation, while levels <0.1 ng/mL suggest
absence of infection.

CRP is inferior to PCT in diagnosing post-spine surgery infections, but it may be used when cost is an issue or when PCT
is unavailable.

This is the first literature review of the most widely used biomarkers, including PCT, and their application in the diagnosis
of infections of the spine and infections in SCI patients.
Correct Species Identification of Streptococcus Using Multi Locus
Sequence Analysis for Disproving Relapse of Two Episodes of Infective
Endocarditis
Authors: Poulsen Stine Odgaard , Rasmussen Louise , Nielsen Xiaohui C. , Justesen Ulrik S. , Christensen Jens J. , Gill Sabine
Published: December 2024

When repetitive infective endocarditis episodes occur in the same patient, accurate species identification is
essential for differentiating relapse and a new episode. We report a case, which has had four episodes of IE within 2 years:
episode 1 due to Enterococcus faecalis, episode 2 due to Mitis group Streptococcus, Episodes 3 and 4 due to Salivarius
group Streptococcus. Detailed molecular examinations using Multi Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) convincingly
documented that the two strains from episodes 3 and 4 were different. Thus, it was not a relapse, but a new infection and,
importantly, not the result of antibiotic treatment failure.
Role of Carbon in Microbiomes for Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Hasan AI-Jawhari Ihsan Flayyih
Published: December 2024

The most significant threat to civilization is climate change. Carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the three predominant greenhouse
gases generated and utilized by microbes. Certain bacteria can induce diseases in
humans, animals, and plants, exacerbating climate change. When conditions allow,
microbes that utilize light- or chemoautotrophic activities (such as cyanobacteria and
algae) and methanotrophic processes (which oxidize CH4) and those that reduce N2O
can also metabolize these three gases (denitrifies). The production or consumption of
these gases by bacteria is contingent upon their environment and interactions, which
humans frequently modify. At times, we can manipulate environmental variables to
enhance the microbial degradation of these gasses. According to a recent
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) study, 3.3 billion individuals
globally are subjected to environmental change. At the same time, unsustainable
growth patterns exacerbate ecological and human vulnerability to environmental
hazards. As individuals, societal change agents, and microbiologists with expertise, we
may assist in identifying methods to reverse the prevailing tendency. This chapter
argues that understanding both the direct and indirect effects of climate change on
microorganisms is essential to evaluate their potential positive and negative impacts on
land-atmosphere carbon exchange and global warming. Furthermore, we suggest that
this encompasses examining the complex interactions and feedback mechanisms that
emerge during communication among microorganisms, plants, and their physical
environment within the climate change framework. Furthermore, the influence of
further global changes may exacerbate the effects of the environment on soil bacteria
Constructing Philosophy 0f Accounting: Focusing on Axiology
Authors: Sukoharsono Eko Ganis
Published: December 2024

Purpose - The objective of this study is to construct a philosophy of accounting derived from the analysis of the spiritualist paradigm. The study aims to utilize an interpretive paradigm to build a foundational understanding of accounting based on philosophical assumptions.
Methodology - This research adopts an interpretive paradigm to explore the philosophical foundations of accounting. The study involves a theoretical analysis, synthesizing various philosophical perspectives, with a focus on the spiritualist paradigm. The methodology emphasizes understanding the axiological (value-based) dimensions of accounting, including ethical, moral, cultural, and stakeholder-related aspects.
Findings - The study reveals that the philosophy of accounting is constructed around axiology, emphasizing a holistic approach that integrates ethics, moral values, stakeholder interests, and cultural values. The philosophy of accounting is understood as not just a technical or financial discipline, but one that incorporates a broader ethical and value-based perspective.
Practical Implication - The findings suggest that a philosophical approach to accounting can guide the development of accounting practices that are more ethically and culturally aware. This approach can help inform policy-making, educational frameworks, and corporate social responsibility initiatives, ensuring that accounting practices align with ethical, moral, and cultural considerations.
Original Value - This study offers a novel contribution to accounting theory by constructing a philosophy of accounting rooted in the spiritualist paradigm. It goes beyond traditional technical views of accounting, providing a value-driven, holistic perspective that includes ethics, stakeholder concerns, and cultural influences.
Strategi Sosialisasi Energi Baru Terbarukan di Desa Tamanmartani Provinsi Yogyakarta
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Fikry Achmad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas strategi sosialisasi Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Perumahan dan Energi Sumber Daya Mineral (PUP ESDM) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dan Dewan Energi Mahasiswa (DEM) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) dalam pemanfaatan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) untuk mendukung target pemerintah Indonesia mencapai Net Zero Emission (NZE) dengan cara pemanfaatan EBT dalam bauran energi primer nasional. Berangkat dari isu kerusakan lingkungan, dominasi penggunaan energi fosil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi sosialisasi antara Dinas PUP ESDM DIY dan DEM UGM dalam pemanfaatan EBT di Desa Tamanmartani. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori komunikasi pembangunan yang dikembangkan oleh Hafied Cangara dengan berfokus pada komponen strategi sosialisasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan strategi sosialisasi Dinas PUP ESDM DIY dan DEM UGM pada pemanfaatan EBT di Desa Tamanmartani terlaksana dengan adanya partisipasi yang dilakukan oleh Dinas PUP ESDM DIY, DEM UGM, dan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: EBT, Sosialisasi, Dinas PUP ESDM DIY, DEM UGM.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Streptococcus spp. from a Cat Suspected of Respiratory Tract Disease at Nong Lam University, Vietnam
Authors:   Medical Microbiology Program, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Manchester, United Kingdom, Amalda Elfahra Casanza , Amalia Mifta Rizqina , Rifai Ainrisq Auliya , Karo Yohana Maria , Chintari Lady Konfidenia , Palyoga Habyb
Published: December 2024

The nasal sample of a suspected respiratory tract disease cat, which is characterized by having a yellowish-colored nasal discharge, was obtained from a clinic in Ho Chi Minh City to be brought to the laboratory using the Stuart Amies transport medium. Samples were isolated on blood agar plate (BAP) media anaerobically. Gram staining and catalase tests were performed to identify the bacterial species. Furthermore, we conducted antibiotic sensitivity tests using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media, which included Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Marbofloxacin, and Amoxicilin-Clavulanate antibiotic disks. In order to prescribe an antibiotic, a clinical vet must go through a series of decision-making processes that involve both the drug and the host. In this case study, we were performing the diagnostic process before a medication could be prescribed to a patient with suspected respiratory tract disease.
Implementasi pembelajaran seni tari pada Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah dasar
Authors: Ummah Sholihatul , Nadlir Nadlir
Published: December 2024

Seni tari tidak hanya dipelajari melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler saja, tetapi seni tari telah menjadi suatu mata pelajaran. Hal ini akibat dari kurikulum baru, Kurikulum Merdeka. Pembelajaran seni terbagi menjadi empat pilihan dan sekolah berwenang untuk memilih satu untuk diimplementasika. SDIT Al Ibrohimi merupakan sekolah yang menerapkan kurikulum merdeka dan pembelajaran seni yang dipilih adalah seni tari untuk kelas I. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran seni tari pada kurikulum merdeka di SDIT Al Ibrohimi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengambil data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sebagai pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran seni tari terlaksana dengan baik. Pembelajaran sudah sesuai dengan modul ajar yang dibuat dengan memperhatikan capaian pembelajaran. Asesmen dilaksanakan secara tertulis dan praktik.
Komunitas Waria dan Politik Moralitas Pemerintah Orde Baru di Jakarta Tahun 1968-1998
Authors: Al Fikri Aditya Wahyu
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi kehidupan komunitas waria di Jakarta, menganalisis komunitas waria di tangan Gubernur Ali Sadikin, dan praktik politik moralitas yang diterapkan pemerintah Orde Baru untuk membatasi ruang gerak komunitas waria di Jakarta Tahun 1968-1998. Penelitian ini akan disajikan dengan menggunakan metode historis sebagai landasan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner dari ilmu-ilmu sosial, yaitu studi gender, sosial, dan kultural, sehingga metode sejarah didukung dengan teori gender, sosiologi, dan antropologi. Ketiga pendekatan ilmu sosial tersebut dianggap cocok untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana dan mengapa komunitas waria terjadinya kesenduan di Jakarta tahun 1968-1998. Komunitas waria mendapatkan perhatian khusus pada masa pemerintahan Gubernur Ali Sadikin pada tahun 1968. Gubernur Ali Sadikin selalu mengikutsertakan komunitas waria sebagai partisipasi pameran Jakarta Fair dengan menari, menyanyi, dan sulap pada tahun 1968. Komunitas waria mengalami keredupan dalam eksistensinya dengan adanya politik moralitas yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Orde Baru pada tahun 1974. Komunitas waria mendapatkan perlakuan intoleransi dari masyarakat dengan diterapkannya politik moralitas yang dilakukan. Politik moralitas yang diterapkan pemerintah Orde Baru membentuk konsep ideologi gender maskulinitas dan feminitas yang mengatur masyarakat Indonesia dalam berpakaian dan bertingkah laku. Pemerintah menerapkan Gerakan Disiplin Nasional (GDN) untuk merazia komunitas waria yang melakukan nyebong di pinggir jalan dan rel kereta api. Kata Kunci: Komunitas Waria, Ali Sadikin, Pemerintah Orde Baru, Politik Moralitas.
Identifying Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Through Real-World Data and Social Determinants of Health: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation
Authors: Mardini Mamoun T , Khalil Georges E , Bai Chen , DivaKaran Aparna Menon , Ray Jessica M
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of adolescent mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety has significantly increased. Despite the potential of machine learning (ML), there is a shortage of models that use real-world data (RWD) to enhance early detection and intervention for these conditions.

Objective

This study aimed to identify depression and anxiety in adolescents using ML techniques on RWD and social determinants of health (SDoH).

Methods

We analyzed RWD of adolescents aged 10‐17 years, considering various factors such as demographics, prior diagnoses, prescribed medications, medical procedures, and laboratory measurements recorded before the onset of anxiety or depression. Clinical data were linked with SDoH at the block-level. Three separate models were developed to predict anxiety, depression, and both conditions. Our ML model of choice was Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and we evaluated its performance using the nested cross-validation technique. To interpret the model predictions, we used the Shapley additive explanation method.

Results

Our cohort included 52,054 adolescents, identifying 12,572 with anxiety, 7812 with depression, and 14,019 with either condition. The models achieved area under the curve values of 0.80 for anxiety, 0.81 for depression, and 0.78 for both combined. Excluding SDoH data had a minimal impact on model performance. Shapley additive explanation analysis identified gender, race, educational attainment, and various medical factors as key predictors of anxiety and depression.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of ML in early identification of depression and anxiety in adolescents using RWD. By leveraging RWD, health care providers may more precisely identify at-risk adolescents and intervene earlier, potentially leading to improved mental health outcomes.