bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of adeno‐associated virus from alginate hydrogel microbeads with enhanced sensitivity to ultrasound
Authors: Takatsuka Shuhei , Kubota Takeshi , Kurashina Yuta , Kurihara Sho , Hirabayashi Motoki , Fujioka Masato , Okano Hirotaka James , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based gene therapy holds promise as a fundamental treatment for genetic disorders. For clinical applications, it is necessary to control AAV release timing to avoid an immune response to AAV. Here we propose an ultrasound (US)‐triggered on‐demand AAV release system using alginate hydrogel microbeads (AHMs) with a release enhancer. By using a centrifuge‐based microdroplet shooting device, the AHMs encapsulating AAV with tungsten microparticles (W‐MPs) are fabricated. Since W‐MPs work as release enhancers, the AHMs have high sensitivity to the US with localized variation in acoustic impedance for improving the release of AAV. Furthermore, AHMs were coated with poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) to adjust the release of AAV. By applying US to the AAV encapsulating AHMs with W‐MPs, the AAV was released on demand, and gene transfection to cells by AAV was confirmed without loss of AAV activity. This proposed US‐triggered AAV release system expands methodological possibilities in gene therapy.
The superior vesical artery: A review of conflicting definitions and how these could affect invasive procedures
Authors: Hampel Gilad A. , Shekhawat Devendra , Chaiyamoon Arada , Cardona Juan J. , Carrera Ana , Reina Francisco , Anadkat Samir , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: June 2023

Since the superior umbilical artery is the only functioning branch of the patent umbilical artery, some anatomical and surgical books/atlases fail to clarify that it is a branch of the umbilical artery and not a direct branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and so specifically state that it is a direct branch of the internal iliac artery. This discrepancy in nomenclature can obviously affect invasive procedures and communication between physicians. Therefore, the present review is intended to highlight this issue. The term “superior vesical artery” was searched using standard search engines, for example, PubMed and Google Scholar. Several standard and specialized anatomy textbooks were also examined to ascertain how the superior vesical artery was described. Thirty‐two articles were identified that used the terms “superior vesical artery” or “superior vesical arteries.” After applying exclusion criteria, in 28 papers, the definition of the superior vesical artery was undetermined in eight, described as a direct branch of the internal iliac artery in 13, described as a branch of the umbilical artery in six, and defined as being equivalent to the umbilical artery in one. Of the sampled textbooks, some defined the superior vesicle artery as a branch of the umbilical artery, some as a direct branch of the internal iliac artery and some as both. Taken all together, most define the superior vesical artery as a branch of the umbilical artery. As the superior vesical artery is described as a branch of the umbilical artery in the internationally accepted terminology (Terminologia Anatomica), we recommend that this definition be used by anatomists and physicians alike so that communication is clear.
Prognostic and immune infiltration significance of ARID1A in TCGA molecular subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhenkun , Li Qiujing , Sun Shanshan , Ye Jing , Li Zhe , Cui Zhengguo , Liu Qian , Zhang Yujie , Xiong Sili , Zhang Shukun
Published: June 2023

Background

AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) is an essential subunit of the switch/sucrose non‐fermentable chromatin remodeling complex and is considered to be a tumor suppressor. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecular classification has deepened our understanding of gastric cancer at the molecular level. This study explored the significance of ARID1A expression in TCGA subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We collected 1248 postoperative patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, constructed tissue microarrays, performed immunohistochemistry for ARID1A, and obtained correlations between ARID1A and clinicopathological variables. We then carried out the prognostic analysis of ARID1A in TCGA subtypes. Finally, we screened patients by random sampling and propensity score matching method and performed multiplex immunofluorescence to explore the effects of ARID1A on CD4, CD8, and PD‐L1 expression in TCGA subtypes.

Results

Seven variables independently associated with ARID1A were screened out: mismatch repair proteins, PD‐L1, T stage, differentiation status, p53, E‐cadherin, and EBER. The independent prognostic variables in the genomically stable (GS) subtype were N stage, M stage, T stage, chemotherapy, size, and ARID1A. PD‐L1 expression was higher in the ARID1A negative group than in the ARID1A positive group in all TCGA subgroups. CD4 showed higher expression in the ARID1A negative group in most subtypes, while CD8 did not show the difference in most subtypes. When ARID1A was negative, PD‐L1 expression was positively correlated with CD4/CD8 expression; while when ARID1A was positive, this correlation disappeared.

Conclusions

The negative expression of ARID1A occurred more frequently in the Epstein–Barr virus and microsatellite instability subtypes and was an independent adverse prognostic factor in the GS subtype. In the TCGA subtypes, ARID1A negative expression caused increased CD4 and PD‐L1 expression, whereas CD8 expression appeared independent of ARID1A. The expression of CD4/CD8 induced by ARID1A negativity was accompanied by an increase in PD‐L1 expression.
Management of cervical external root resorption following connective tissue grafting
Authors: Thibault Émilie , Dhalla Suraya , Deporter Douglas
Published: June 2023

Background

Cervical external root resorption (CERR) is not a common occurrence, but can result in a hopeless tooth prognosis. Its etiology is poorly understood and its management can be challenging. The present case report describes the late presentation and management of CERR at both maxillary first premolar teeth following connective tissue grafting (CTG) procedures including use of citric acid as a chemical root surface conditioner.

Methods and Results

A 55‐year‐old female was diagnosed with bilateral external cervical root resorption of both maxillary first premolar teeth 28 years after CTG procedures that had included the use of citric acid root conditioning. As both teeth were asymptomatic, the patient opted for repair of the lesions via full‐thickness flap elevation, meticulous removal of all granulation tissue, and restoration of the lesions with a resin‐modified glass ionomer. A 2‐year follow‐up has been completed with no significant complications to report.

Conclusions

CERR usually develops asymptomatically and is found by chance in radiographs. Its etiology is unclear, but may appear some years after soft tissue grafting to manage gingival recession. Early detection is key to be able to repair the lesions with minimal intervention.
Multiple group identifications and identity compatibility in eating disorder recovery: A mixed methods study
Authors: McNamara Niamh , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Mair Elizabeth , Rennoldson Mike , Stevenson Clifford , Fitzsimmons Wendy
Published: June 2023

Eating disorder recovery is an identity transition characterised by ambivalence, in which group memberships play an important part. However, our understanding of how memberships of groups with different recovery norms (i.e., supportive vs. unsupportive of recovery) can facilitate or inhibit recovery is limited. To address this gap, this study adopted the Social Identity Model of Recovery to examine how recovery is manifest through the changing composition of an individual's group memberships. We employed a convergent mixed methods design to quantitatively determine whether specific groups (i.e., family, friends, and online groups) are more helpful to eating disorder recovery than others, and to qualitatively explore how group (in)compatibility shapes recovery efforts. There was a high level of convergence across survey (N = 112) and interview (N = 12) data: groups could have a positive or negative impact according to their recovery norms; different groups provided different forms of support and identity‐expression; incompatibility was not always experienced as a problem and could afford strategic benefits. Our findings are amongst the first to attest to the importance of considering identity networks (and their normative content) during eating disorder recovery.
Co‐Immobilization of a Multi‐Enzyme Cascade: (S)‐Selective Amine Transaminases, l‐Amino Acid Oxidase and Catalase
Authors: Heinks Tobias , Koopmeiners Simon , Montua Nicolai , Sewald Norbert , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Fischer von Mollard Gabriele
Published: June 2023

An enzyme cascade was established previously consisting of a recycling system with an l‐amino acid oxidase (hcLAAO4) and a catalase (hCAT) for different α‐keto acid co‐substrates of (S)‐selective amine transaminases (ATAs) in kinetic resolutions of racemic amines. Only 1 mol % of the co‐substrate was required and l‐amino acids instead of α‐keto acids could be applied. However, soluble enzymes cannot be reused easily. Immobilization of hcLAAO4, hCAT and the (S)‐selective ATA from Vibrio fluvialis (ATA‐Vfl) was addressed here. Immobilization of the enzymes together rather than on separate beads showed higher reaction rates most likely due to fast co‐substrate channeling between ATA‐Vfl and hcLAAO4 due to their close proximity. Co‐immobilization allowed further reduction of the co‐substrate amount to 0.1 mol % most likely due to a more efficient H2O2‐removal caused by the stabilized hCAT and its proximity to hcLAAO4. Finally, the co‐immobilized enzyme cascade was reused in 3 cycles of preparative kinetic resolutions to produce (R)‐1‐PEA with high enantiomeric purity (97.3 %ee). Further recycling was inefficient due to the instability of ATA‐Vfl, while hcLAAO4 and hCAT revealed high stability. An engineered ATA‐Vfl‐8M was used in the co‐immobilized enzyme cascade to produce (R)‐1‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(methylsulfonyl)ethanamine, an apremilast‐intermediate, with a 1,000 fold lower input of the co‐substrate.
A novel adenosine signalling‐based prognostic signature in gastric cancer and its association with cancer immune features and immunotherapy response
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Yidian , Xi Dayong , Wang Na , Gao Lei , Shi Qianling , Yu Rong , Li Haiyuan , Xiang Lin , Maswikiti Ewetse Paul , Chen Hao
Published: June 2023

Reliable prognostic signatures that can reflect the intrinsic characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) are still rare. Here, we developed an adenosine‐based prognostic signature and explored its association with the tumour immune in GC patients, aiming at confirming the prognostic value of adenosine‐related genes and guiding the GC risk stratification and immunotherapeutic response prediction. We collected adenosine pathway‐related genes from STRING websites and manual searching. We enrolled the The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and four gene expression omnibus cohorts of GC for generating and validating the adenosine pathway‐based signature using the Cox regression method. Gene expression in the signature was verified using polymerase chain reaction. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration assessment and immunotherapy response prediction based on this signature. Our study resulted in a six‐gene adenosine signature (GNAS, CXCR4, PPP1R1B, ADCY6, NT5E and NOS3) for risk stratification of GC prognosis, with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve up to 0.767 for predicting 10‐year overall survival (OS). In the training cohort, patients with signature‐defined high risk had significantly poorer OS than those with low risk (p < .001). Multivariate analysis identified the signature as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.863, 95% confidence interval [1.871–4.381], p < .001). These findings were confirmed in four independent cohorts. Expression detection showed that all signature genes were upregulated in both GC tissues and cell lines. Further analysis revealed that the signature‐defined high‐risk patients were characterised by immunosuppressive states and associated with a poor immunotherapy response. In conclusion, the adenosine pathway‐based signature represents a promising risk stratification tool for GC in guiding individualised prognostication and immunotherapy.
LACC1: A critical involvement in macrophage immunometabolism
Authors: Li Yaling , Wu Zhixiong , Tan Xiaoli , Tang Liang , Ouyang Fan
Published: June 2023

Laccase domain‐containing 1 (LACC1) protein is an enzyme highly expressed in inflammatory macrophages, and studies have shown that it has a key role in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and microbial infections. Therefore, in this review, we focus on LACC1‐mediated catalysis. In detail, LACC1 converts l‐CITrulline (l‐CIT) to l‐ORNithine (l‐ORN) and isocyanic acid in mice and humans and acts as a bridge between proinflammatory nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and polyamine immunometabolism, thus exerting anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Considering the actions of LACC1, targeting LACC1 may be a potent therapeutic avenue for inflammation‐related diseases and microbial infection diseases.
Uniquely called: African American community college presidents promoting equitable student success
Authors: Davis Jemilia S. , Greenlee Jacqueline
Published: June 2023

Black community college presidents are not exempt from racialized experiences as they promote equitable student success. This study explores the unique experiences of Black leaders who advocate for policies, practices, and procedures that promote equity and social justice at their institutions and in their communities. Together, applied critical leadership (ACL) and the principles of critical race theory (CRT) underpin the research study presented in this chapter and helped inform the interview protocol and identify strategies the presidents use to promote equitable change. In this chapter, five African American presidents share how they conceptualize equity‐driven leadership and how their racialized identities inform their approaches to improving equitable outcomes for all students, particularly students of color. Presidents shared strategies that any community college leader can use to demonstrate their commitment to social justice and advance the practice broadly.
Gatekeepers to the community college presidency for leaders of color
Authors: Hines CharMaine Y.
Published: June 2023

Research has identified a clear underrepresentation of race and gender diversity in the community college presidency and scant progress in diversification. This phenomenological study used critical race theory (CRT) and glass ceiling theory (GCT) lenses to examine the lived experiences of minority community college presidents, including those who identified as African American, Asian Pacific Islander, and Latino/Hispanic and spanned 12 states and every region of the U.S. The counter‐narratives of the participants were examined using a modified interpretative phenomenological approach concept model with cultural domain analysis (CDA) for validation. Participants were categorized by generational definitions and their associated community college development leadership styles. Findings include evidence of a leaky pipeline, a flawed hiring process with gatekeepers along the hiring continuum, and biases and stereotypes encountered, illustrating leaders’ perceptions of underrepresentation of minorities serving in presidential roles in community colleges. The study identified numerous deficiencies impacting this underrepresentation and offered recommendations to improve practice.
Asian American women leading transformatively
Authors: Leung Amy , Turner Caroline S.
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides critical insights into transformative leadership, a leadership approach guided by equity, social justice, and emancipatory education, based on the practices of eight Asian American women in community college administration. The authors engaged in critical narrative inquiry and conducted semi‐structured interviews with each leader. The study findings revealed leadership practices that center the democratic mission of the community college, social justice, community, and activism. Themes of the Asian American woman identity, intersectionality, and multiplicity also emerged from the narrative data. The chapter serves to underscore the assets these leaders bring to their educational institutions and debunk negative stereotypes of Asian American leadership.
Hiring and cultivating equity and social justice‐committed community college presidential assistants
Authors: Harper Jordan
Published: June 2023

Presidential assistants are important and trusted staff members to the president and the campus community at large. Despite their importance, little is known about the day‐to‐day of their jobs and how they may help advance equity and social justice goals and priorities at the community college level. This chapter attempts to rectify this gap through document analysis of publicly available job announcements and descriptions for presidential assistants. Thereafter, recommendations for both hiring and professional development are presented to ensure that presidential assistants arrive with and are developing the necessary skills and competencies to be involved in shared leadership work towards equity and social justice.
The application of a racial equity and social justice framework to examine community college leadership
Authors: Rodriguez Francisco C. , Escobar Claudia
Published: June 2023

The national demand for social justice, racial equality, and criminal justice reform rightfully and painfully continues to sweep the consciousness of this nation. Community colleges were founded on educational excellence, opportunity, and access and should reflect principles of equity, justice, and community. This mission calls upon us, the most egalitarian institutions, to lead by example by making structural and permanent changes to root out the ill effects of racism and bias from our classrooms, curriculum, and workplace. In this paper, we examined equity‐minded leadership, culture, and climate at the Los Angeles Community College District, the nation's largest, and their efforts to transform their institutions, guided by their Framework for Racial Equity and Social Justice. The Framework speaks to the values of the District and directs specific action steps and commitments that will allow the colleges and District to actively build anti‐racist organizational capacity and resilience and move forward towards a more socially and racially‐just academic community.
Emphasizing equity amid transformational change at community colleges
Authors: Knight C. Ryan
Published: June 2023

Increasingly, community colleges recognize the need to center transformational change on equity. This chapter presents findings from a multi‐site qualitative case study on how community college presidents and chancellors can keep equity at the forefront of the transformational change process. The three community college presidents and chancellors participating in this study reflected on how their colleges—all 2019 Aspen Prize finalists or winners—adopted an equity lens to guide their change efforts and guided sensemaking among their campus members to challenge existing institutional logics and develop an equity‐minded culture. This study found that community college leaders should: (a) lead their colleges in equity sensemaking; (b) embed student success and equity within their institutional mission; (c) leverage data and policies to increase equity; and (d) provide professional development for college leaders, faculty, and staff around equity and social justice.
Mobilizing theory to application: Equity‐driven and social justice‐oriented leadership in community colleges
Authors: Burmicky Jorge , Hartman Catherine
Published: June 2023

In this final chapter, we reflected on the collective works presented in this volume by a diverse group of community college scholars and leaders. Through this reflection, we share how this scholarship sought to operationalize and enhance the definitions of equity‐driven and social justice‐oriented leadership in community colleges. After introducing these definitions, we provide applications for how community college leaders can adopt equity‐driven and social justice‐oriented leadership to their scholarship and practice. We conclude this chapter by providing reflective questions for readers to be able to mobilize equity and social justice to their daily practice. Furthermore, we provide reflective questions to apply these principles at the institutional, systems, and policy level practice.
Simultaneous transvenous lead extraction and implantation of leadless cardiac pacemaker: A case report
Authors: Wu Mengwei , Su Hao
Published: June 2023

Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a serious complication and remains the most common indication for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). In addition, there are serious challenges such as venous access occlusion and reinfection after extraction. Leadless pacemaker (LP) provides a safe and effective pacing option for patients with device‐related infections. We describe here a case of simultaneous transvenous lead extraction and leadless pacemaker implantation due to bilateral venous infection and pacing dependency.
Actinomycetoma distal radius mimic osteosarcoma: A case report of a rare presentation
Authors: Elbahri Hassan , Alnaser Adnan Ayman Mohammed Adnan , Babiker Sawsan A. M. , Mohamed Alaa Hatim Ameer
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Actinmomycetma is a granulomatous infection with a presentation was very similar to osteosarccoma. Multidisciplinary team and triple assessments are extremely important to prevent misdiagnosis, surgical treatment in combination with medical treatment followed by regular clinical and radiological follow‐up can be a limb‐saving procedure in such cases.

Various conditions may mimic osteosarcoma. The differential diagnosis of osteosarcoma is broad; Includes tumors, infection, trauma, and inflammatory processes arising from the musculoskeletal system. A proper history, examination, diagnostic imaging studies, and pathological analysis are essential to establish a precise diagnosis. This case report serves to illustrate the significance of recognizing the similarities between these two lesions and other rare features that will help to differentiate between actinomycetoma and osteosarcoma, to prevent late or misdiagnosis.
Giant pulmonary artery aneurysm in a child: Rare complication of congenital heart disease
Authors: Hailu Samuel Sisay , Derbew Hermon Miliard , Zeray Abrehet , Hailemariam Tesfahunegn , Otero Hansel J.
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case report aims to increase awareness that pulmonary artery aneurysms may occur as a complication of neglected patent ductus arteriosus and should be sought in children with ill‐treated congenital heart diseases.

Pulmonary artery aneurysm is a rare anomaly with an autopsy prevalence of 1:14,000. These aneurysms can arise secondary to various etiologies, with congenital causes identified in 25% of cases and congenital heart diseases (CHD) responsible for more than half of these cases. A 12‐year‐old boy with CHD in the form of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and irregular clinical follow‐up presented with new onset fatigue of 3 months duration. A physical examination revealed anterior chest wall bulging and a continuous murmur. A chest radiograph showed a smooth left hilar region opacity that has a close relation with the left cardiac border. Transthoracic echocardiogram shows no progression from the previous one; there was a large PDA and pulmonary hypertension, but no further information was available. Computed tomography angiography revealed a giant aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery (PA), with a maximum diameter of 8.6 cm, and dilatation of its branches of 3.4 and 2.9 cm for the right and left PA, respectively.
What should be done when appropriate antiplatelet therapy fails to prevent stent thrombosis? Two case reports
Authors: Hong Sungman , Song Jaegyok , Ji Sung mi , Lee Wonkyu
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

When performing noncardiac surgery in high‐risk patients with PCI, anesthesiologists should be prepared for in‐stent thrombosis, that do not respond to conventional treatments and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. VA‐ECMO is an advantageous treatment method in those patients.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Aryl/Alkynylation of 1,3‐Enynes to Access Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes
Authors: Huang Han , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Qiaoling , Sun Youwen , Su Lei , Xu Wenru , Ma Yi , Kong Sheng , Zhang Guozhu , Guo Rui
Published: June 2023

The asymmetric 1,4‐difunctionalization of 1,3‐enynes represents a concise and highly efficient strategy for the preparation of chiral allenes. Herein, we developed a copper‐catalyzed three‐component asymmetric radical 1,4‐aryl/alkynylation of 1,3‐enynes by employing inexpensive, readily available, and highly reactive diaryliodonium salts as precursors to generate aryl radicals. The success of this reaction relied on the use of iminophenyl oxazolinylphenylamines (IPOPA) as chiral ligands. The reaction exhibited good compatibility with various alkynes, 1,3‐enynes, and diaryliodonium salts, providing an effective method for constructing highly enantioselective tetrasubstituted axially chiral allene compounds.
Fabrication of CZTS Films through a Combined Electrodeposition and Solution Process: An Experimental and First‐Principles Study
Authors: Katirci Ramazan , Onel Mehmet Nurullah , Danaci Ilhan , Danaci Kevser Irem , Ozbay Salih , Erden Fuat
Published: June 2023

Sulfurization has a critical role in preparation of CZTS films since the main drawback of CZTS is due to the presence of S‐based impurities. In general, sulfurization could be performed during or following annealing, or the entire CZTS structure could be prepared through sol‐gel. However, toxic gases are used for the former, and the latter takes prolonged times. Alternatively, a combined electrodeposition and solution process was proposed in the present work to prepare CZTS. Briefly, we electrodeposited CZT layers on a metal substrate, and then immersed the as‐prepared coating in a S containing solution for the sulfurization. The effects of electrodeposition time, electrodeposition order, current density, electrolyte compositions, sulfurization time, and annealing pressure were studied. Overall, the results show that S content of the films varied between 27 and 52 % depending on process parameters, thus, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed approach regarding sulfurization. However, various secondary phases were also detected as well as considerable amount of oxygen impurity. Accordingly, we opted for a computational approach to elucidate the effect of oxygen impurities, and report that the band gap of the films varied between 0.59 and 0.05 eV depending on the presence and which sites oxygen atoms occupy.
Preparation of Buffered Nano‐Submicron Hierarchical Structure Hollow SiOx@C Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery Materials with Carboxymethyl Chitosan
Authors: Liu Tao , Wu Borong , Zhang Yuanxing , Mu Daobin , Li Ning , Su Yuefeng , Zhang Ling , Liu Qi , Wu Feng
Published: June 2023

Silicon‐based materials are among the most promising anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, the volume expansion and poor conductivity of silicon‐based materials during the charge and discharge process seriously hinder their practical application in the field of anodes. Here, we choose carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) as the carbon source coating and binding on the surface of nano silicon and hollow silicon dioxide (H−SiO2) to form a hierarchical buffered structure of nano‐hollow SiOx@C. The hollow H−SiO2 can alleviate the volume expansion of nano silicon during the lithiation process under continuous cycling. Meanwhile, the carbon layer carbonized by CMCS containing N‐doping further regulates the silicon's expansion and improves the conductivity of the active materials. The as‐

prepared SiOx@C material exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 985.4 mAh g−1 with the decay rate of 0.27 % per cycle in 150 cycles under the current density of 0.2 A g−1. It is proved that the hierarchical buffer structure nano‐hollow SiOx@C anode material has practical application potential.
Asparagusic Acid – A Unique Approach toward Effective Cellular Uptake of Therapeutics: Application, Biological Targets, and Chemical Properties
Authors: Ņikitjuka Anna , Žalubovskis Raivis
Published: June 2023

The synthetic approaches towards unique asparagusic acid and its analogues as well as its chemical use, the breadth of its biological properties and their relevant applications have been explored. The significance of the 1,2‐dithiolane ring tension in dithiol‐mediated uptake and its use for the intracellular transport of molecular cargoes is discussed alongside some of the challenges that arise from the fast thiolate‐disulfide interchange. The short overview with the indication of the available literature on natural 1,2‐dithiolanes synthesis and biological activities is also included. The general review structure is based on the time‐line perspective of the application of asparagusic acid moiety as well as its primitive derivatives (4‐amino‐1,2‐dithiolane‐4‐carboxylic acid and 4‐methyl‐1,2‐dithiolane‐4‐carboxilic acid) used in clinics/cosmetics, focusing on the recent research in this area and including international patents applications.
Insights into the Pharmacological Activity of the Imidazo−Pyrazole Scaffold
Authors: Spallarossa Andrea , Rapetti Federica , Signorello Maria Grazia , Rosano Camillo , Iervasi Erika , Ponassi Marco , Brullo Chiara
Published: June 2023

In previous studies, we synthesized different imidazo−pyrazoles 1 and 2 with interesting anticancer, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities. To further extend the structure‐activity relationships of imidazo−pyrazole scaffold and to identify novel antiproliferative/anti‐inflammatory agents potentially active with multi‐target mechanisms, a library of compounds 3–5 has been designed and synthesized. The chemical modifications characterizing the novel derivatives include: i) decoration of the catechol ring with groups with different electronic, steric and lipophilic properties (compounds 3); ii) insertion of a methyl group on C‐6 of imidazo−pyrazole scaffold (compounds 4); iii) shift of the acylhydrazonic substituent from position 7 to 6 of the imidazo−pyrazole substructure (compounds 5). All synthesized compounds were tested against a panel of cancer and normal cell lines. Derivatives 3 a, 3 e, 4 c, 5 g and 5 h showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range against selected tumor cell lines and proved to have antioxidant properties, being able to inhibit ROS production in human platelet. In silico calculation predicted favourable drug‐like and pharmacokinetic properties for the most promising compounds. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations suggested the ability of most active derivative 3 e to interact with colchicine binding site in the polymeric tubulin α/tubulin β/stathmin4 complex.
The highs and lows of serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Grisham Rachel N. , Manning‐Geist Beryl L. , Chui M. Herman
Published: June 2023

Low‐grade serous ovarian cancer was initially described as a distinct type of rare epithelial ovarian cancer 20 years ago; however, only recently have physicians begun to leverage the understanding of the clinical behavior and molecular profile of this disease for treatment. The use of routine next‐generation sequencing has allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular drivers of this disease and shown how molecular alterations in mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway genes such as KRAS and BRAF can affect overall prognosis and disease behavior. The use of targeted therapies, including MEK inhibitors, BRAF kinase inhibitors, and other investigational targeted therapies are changing the way this disease is viewed and treated. In addition, endocrine therapy can provide prolonged disease stability with generally mild toxicity, as well as promising response rates in recent studies examining combination therapy with CDK 4/6 inhibitors in the upfront and recurrent setting. Once seen merely as a chemo‐resistant form of ovarian cancer, recent studies have worked to harness the unique features of low‐grade serous ovarian cancer to provide individualized treatment options for patients with this disease.
Research on the masking effect of vertical interlock on ESG greenwashing in the context of sustainable Enterprise development
Authors: Liu Guangrui , Qian Hao , Wu Qianqian , Han Fei
Published: June 2023

Based on impression management and principal‐agent theory, this article considers Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2014 to 2020 to explore whether vertical interlocking promotes the sustainable development of enterprises from the perspective of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) report greenwashing. The results show that vertical interlocking increases ESG report greenwashing and hides negative ESG information; these results remained valid through a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that the purpose of ESG report greenwashing by vertically interlocked executives is to hollow out minority shareholders rather than to cover up earnings management to conceal actual ESG information. The vertical interlocking of executives more significantly promotes ESG report greenwashing when the property is state‐owned, has poor internal supervision mechanisms, has a large executive team and has no senior executives with green experience. This study furthers the relevant research on the factors affecting the sustainable development of enterprises and enriches and expands studies of the role of the vertical interlock from the perspective of information concealing, providing a more in‐depth reference for promoting the sustainable development of enterprises.
Antiracist Structural Intervention at the Emory University Institutional Review Board
Authors: Rollin Francois , Van Doren Vanessa , Alvarez Jessica , Rousselle Rebecca , Bussey‐Jones Jada
Published: June 2023

Although racial and ethnic categories are social constructs without inherent biologic or genetic meaning, race and ethnicity impact health outcomes through racism. The use of racial categories in biomedical research often misattributes the cause of health inequities to genetic and inherent biological differences rather than to racism. Improving research practices around race and ethnicity is an urgent priority and requires education as well as structural change. We describe an evidence‐based intervention for an institutional review board (IRB). Our IRB now requires all biomedical study protocols to define racial and ethnic classifications they plan to use, to state whether they are describing or explaining differences between groups, and to provide justification for any use of racial or ethnic group variables as covariates. This antiracist IRB intervention is an example of how research institutions can help ensure the scientific validity of studies and avoid the unscientific reification of race and ethnicity as inherently biological or genetic concepts.
What does the future look like for kelp when facing multiple stressors?
Authors: Wear Brigitte , O'Connor Nessa E. , Schmid Matthias J. , Jackson Michelle C.
Published: June 2023

As primary producers and ecosystem engineers, kelp (generally Order Laminariales) are ecologically important, and their decline could have far‐reaching consequences. Kelp are valuable in forming habitats for fish and invertebrates and are crucial for adaptation to climate change by creating coastal defenses and in providing key functions, such as carbon sequestration and food provision. Kelp are threatened by multiple stressors, such as climate change, over‐harvesting of predators, and pollution. In this opinion paper, we discuss how these stressors may interact to affect kelp, and how this varies under different contexts. We argue that more research that bridges kelp conservation and multiple stressor theory is needed and outline key questions that should be addressed as a priority. For instance, it is important to understand how previous exposure (either to earlier generations or life stages) determines responses to emerging stressors, and how responses in kelp scale up to alter food webs and ecosystem functioning. By increasing the temporal and biological complexity of kelp research in this way, we will improve our understanding allowing better predictions. This research is essential for the effective conservation and potential restoration of kelp in our rapidly changing world.
Long‐term community shifts driven by local extinction of an iconic foundation species following an extreme marine heatwave
Authors: Montie Shinae , Thomsen Mads S.
Published: June 2023

Gradual ocean warming combined with stronger marine heatwaves (MHWs) can reduce abundances of foundation species that control community structures, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. However, few studies have documented long‐term succession trajectories following the more extreme events that cause localized extinctions of foundation species. Here, we documented long‐term successional changes to marine benthic communities in Pile Bay, New Zealand, following the Tasman 2017/18 MHW, which caused localized extinctions of dominant southern bull kelp (Durvillaea sp.). Six years on, multiscale annual and seasonal surveys show no sign of Durvillaea recolonization. Instead, the invasive annual kelp (Undaria pinnatifida), rapidly colonized areas previously dominated by Durvillaea, followed by large changes to the understory community, as Durvillaea holdfasts and encrusting coralline algae were replaced by coralline turf. Between 3 and 6 years after the total loss of Durvillaea, smaller native fucoids colonized in high densities. Although Undaria initially colonized plots throughout Durvillaea's tidal range, later in the succession Undaria only retained dominance in the lower intertidal zone and only in spring. Ultimately, the tidal zone was slowly replaced by alternative foundation species, composed of different canopy‐forming brown seaweeds that dominated different intertidal elevations, resulting in a net increase in canopy and understory diversity. This study is a rare example of long‐term effects following an extreme MHW that caused extinctions of a locally dominant canopy‐former, but these events and their associated dramatic changes to community structures and biodiversity are expected to become increasingly common as MHWs continue to increase in strength, frequency, and duration.
Heart failure diagnosis in the general community – Who, how and when? A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Rakisheva Amina , Coats Andrew J.S. , Greenhalgh Trisha , Metra Marco , Petrie Mark C. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C.
Published: June 2023

A significant proportion of patients experience delays in the diagnosis of heart failure due to the non‐specific signs and symptoms of the syndrome. Diagnostic tools such as measurement of natriuretic peptide concentrations are fundamentally important when screening for heart failure, yet are frequently under‐utilized. This clinical consensus statement provides a diagnostic framework for general practitioners and non‐cardiology community‐based physicians to recognize, investigate and risk‐stratify patients presenting in the community with possible heart failure.
The impact of fingolimod on Treg function in brain ischaemia
Authors: Malone Kyle , Shearer Jennifer A. , Waeber Christian , Moore Anne C.
Published: June 2023

Fingolimod has generally shown neuroprotective effects in stroke models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fingolimod modulates T‐cell cytokine production towards a regulatory phenotype. Second, we investigated how fingolimod altered the Treg suppressive function and the sensitivity of effector T cells to regulation. Mice that had underwent the permanent electrocoagulation of the left middle cerebral artery received saline or fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg) daily for 10‐days post‐ischaemia. Fingolimod improved neurobehavioural recovery compared to saline control and increased Treg frequency in the periphery and brain. Tregs from fingolimod‐treated animals had a higher expression of CCR8. Fingolimod increased the frequencies of CD4+IL‐10+, CD4+ IFN‐γ+ and CD4+IL‐10+IFN‐γ+ cells in spleen and blood, and CD4+ IL‐17+ cells in the spleen, with only minor effects on CD8+ T‐cell cytokine production. Treg from post–ischaemic mice had reduced suppressive function compared to Treg from non‐ischaemic mice. Fingolimod treatment rescued this function against saline‐treated but not fingolimod‐treated CD4+ effector T cells. In conclusion, fingolimod seems to improve the suppressive function of Treg post‐stroke while also increasing the resistance of CD4+ effector cells to this suppression. Fingolimod's capacity to increase both effector and regulatory functions may explain the lack of consistent improvement in functional recovery in experimental brain ischaemia.
Molecular versus Silica‐Supported Iridium Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Trotta Caterina , Menendez Rodriguez Gabriel , Tensi Leonardo , Yakimov Alexander V. , Rocchigiani Luca , Donnadio Anna , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Copéret Christophe , Macchioni Alceo
Published: June 2023

A stringent comparison between two pairs of molecular/immobilized water oxidation catalysts ([Cp*Ir(Me‐pica)Cl], 1, versus 1_SiO2, Me‐pica=κ2‐N‐methyl‐picolinamide; [Cp*Ir(pysa)NO3], 2, versus 2_SiO2, pysa=κ2‐pyridine‐2‐sulfonamide]) reveals distinctive catalytic trends. While the molecular compound 1 exhibits a substantial higher activity than the analogous immobilized system 1_SiO2, under all the experimental conditions explored, the contrary is found with 2 that is far less active than its immobilized counterpart 2_SiO2. This is explained by the unique tendency of 2 to form dimeric complexes [Cp*Ir‐(κ2‐μ2‐Hpysa)(κ2‐μ2‐pysa)IrCp*], 2 a, in phosphate buffered solution at pH 7, and [Cp*Ir‐(κ2‐μ2‐Hpysa)2IrCp*], 2 b, in water. 2 a and 2 b have been completely characterized in solution by multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. They have been also isolated as single crystals and their structure in solid state determined by X‐Ray diffractometry. 2 a and 2 b appear to be off‐cycle species, whose formation is detrimental for water oxidation activity, as indicated by the observation of a long induction period when 2 a is used as catalytic precursor. In addition, TOF versus ΔE (E−E0=−RT/nF ln([IO4−]/[IO3−]) trends for the first two runs do not overlap for catalyst 2 and TOFmax is remarkably higher in the second run upon the addition of fresh NaIO4. In the immobilized system 2_SiO2 the detrimental associative processes are likely inhibited leading to an activity higher than that of 2.
Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Chloride and Nitrate LnIIIComplexes Coordinated by tris(Pyrazolyl)methane
Authors: Lyubov Dmitry M. , Mahrova Tatyana V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Fedorov Yury V. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: June 2023

We report the synthesis of Ln3+nitrate [Ln(Tpm)(NO3)3] ⋅ MeCN (Ln=Yb (1Yb), Eu (1Eu)) and chloride [Yb(Tpm)Cl3] ⋅ 2MeCN (2Yb), [Eu(Tpm)Cl2(μ‐Cl)]2(2Eu) complexes coordinated by neutral tripodal tris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (Tpm). The crystal structures of1Lnand2Lnwere established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, while for1Ybhigh resolution experiment was performed. Nitrate complexes1Lnare isomorphous and both adopt mononuclear structure. Chloride2Ybis monomeric, while Eu3+analogue2Euadopts a binuclear structure due to two μ2‐bridging chloride ligands. The typical lanthanide luminescence was observed for europium complexes (1Euand2Eu) as well as for terbium and dysprosium analogues ([Ln(Tpm)(NO3)3] ⋅ MeCN, Ln=Tb (1Tb), Dy (1Dy); [Ln(Tpm)Cl3] ⋅ 2MeCN, Ln=Tb (2Tb), Dy (2Dy)).
PCCP‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Allenes Bearing Heteroaromatic Sulfenyl Group**
Authors: Kamlar Martin , Císařová Ivana , Veselý Jan
Published: June 2023

We report a Brønsted acid‐catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted allenyl compounds decorated with heterocyclic sulfenyl group. The reaction proceeds readily from available propargylic alcohols in the presence of pentacarboxycyclopenatadienes (PCCPs) as organocatalysts. The developed strategy provides tetrasubstituted allene derivatives in high yields (from 55 to 98 %) and under mild reaction conditions.
Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus gasseri supplementation reduces stress‐induced sugar craving in mice
Authors: Nicol Marion , Lahaye Emilie , El Mehdi Mouna , do Rego Jean‐Luc , do Rego Jean‐Claude , Fetissov Serguei O.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Increased intake of sweets or sugar craving may occur in response to chronic stress representing a risk factor for development of eating disorders and obesity. However, no safe treatment of stress‐induced sugar craving is available. In this study we analysed effects of two Lactobacillus strains on food and sucrose intake in mice before and during their exposure to a chronic mild stress (CMS).

Research Methods & Procedures

C57Bl6 mice were gavaged daily for 27 days with a mix of L. salivarius (LS) LS7892 and L. gasseri (LG) LG6410 strains or with 0.9% NaCl as a control. Following 10 days of gavage, mice were individually placed into the Modular Phenotypic cages, and after 7 days of acclimation were exposed to a CMS model for 10 days. Food, water and 2% sucrose intakes as well as meal pattern were monitored. Anxiety and depressive‐like behaviour were analysed by standard tests.

Results

Exposure of mice to CMS was accompanied by increased size of sucrose intake in the control group likely reflecting the stress‐induced sugar craving. A consistent, about 20% lower total sucrose intake, was observed in the Lactobacilli‐treated group during stress which was mainly due to a reduced number of intakes. Lactobacilli treatment also modified the meal pattern before and during the CMS, showing a decrease of meal number and an increase of meal size with a tendency of reduced total daily food intake. Mild anti‐depressive behavioural effects of the Lactobacilli mix were also present.

Conclusion

Supplementation of mice with LS LS7892 and LG LG6410 decreases sugar consumption suggesting a potential utility of these strains against stress‐induced sugar craving.
Comparison of regmed and BayesNetty for exploring causal models with many variables
Authors: Howey Richard , Cordell Heather J.
Published: June 2023

Here we compare a recently proposed method and software package, regmed, with our own previously developed package, BayesNetty, designed to allow exploratory analysis of complex causal relationships between biological variables. We find that
regmed generally has poorer recall but much better precision than BayesNetty. This is perhaps not too surprising as
regmed is specifically designed for use with high‐dimensional data. BayesNetty is found to be more sensitive to the resulting multiple testing problem encountered in these circumstances. However, as
regmed is not designed to handle missing data, its performance is severely affected when missing data is present, whereas the performance of BayesNetty is only slightly affected. The performance of
regmed can be rescued in this situation by first using BayesNetty to impute the missing data, and then applying
regmed to the resulting “filled‐in” data set.