bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-harvest climate and post-harvest acclimation to cold prevent from superficial scald development in Granny Smith apples
Authors: Marc Mathieu , Cournol Maryline , Hanteville Sylvain , Poisson Anne-Sophie , Guillou Marie-Charlotte , Pelletier Sandra , Laurens François , Tessier Christine , Coureau Claude , Renou Jean-Pierre , Delaire Mickaël , Orsel Mathilde
Published: April 2020

Superficial scald is one of the most serious postharvest physiological disorders that can affect apples after a prolonged cold storage period. This study investigated the impact of pre- and post-harvest climatic variations on superficial scald in a susceptible apple cultivar. Fruit batches with contrasting phenotypes for superficial scald incidence were identified among several years of “Granny Smith” fruit production. The “low scald” year pre-harvest climate was characterised by a warm period followed by a sudden decrease in temperature, playing the part of an in vivo acclimation to cold storage. This was associated with many abiotic stress responsive genes which were induced in fruit peel. In particular 48 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and 5 Heat Shock transcription Factors (HSFs) were strongly induced at harvest when scald incidence was low. For “high scald” year, a post-harvest acclimation of 1 week was efficient in reducing scald incidence. Expression profiles of stress related genes were affected by the acclimation treatment and indicate fruit physiological adaptations to cold storage. The identified stress-responsive genes, and in particular HSPs, could be useful indicators of the fruit physiological status to predict the risk of scald occurrence as early as harvest.
Multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers for light-induced selective heating and remote actuation
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yeub , Woo Byung Hoon , Kim Namhun , Jun Young Chul
Published: April 2020

Four-dimensional (4D) printing can add active and responsive functions to three-dimensional (3D) printed objects in response to various external stimuli. Light, among others, has a unique advantage of remotely controlling structural changes to obtain predesigned shapes. In this study, we demonstrate multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers (SMPs). Using color-dependent selective light absorption and heating in multicolor SMP composites, we realize remote actuation with light illumination. We experimentally investigate the temperature changes in colored SMPs and observe a clear difference between the different colors. We also present simulations and analytical calculations to theoretically model the structural variations in multicolor composites. Finally, we consider a multicolor hinged structure and demonstrate the multistep actuation by changing the color of light and duration of illumination. 4D printing can allow complex, multicolor geometries with predesigned responses. Moreover, SMPs can be reused multiple times for thermal actuation by simply conducting thermomechanical programming again. Therefore, 4D printing of multicolor SMP composites have unique merits for light-induced structural changes. Our study indicates that multicolor 4D printing of SMPs are promising for various structural changes and remote actuation.
Author Correction: Serum Activin A Levels and Renal Outcomes After Coronary Angiography
Authors: Tsai Yi-Lin , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Lu Ya-Wen , Liu Chung-te , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
In vivo detection of γ-glutamyl-transferase up-regulation in glioma using hyperpolarized γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine
Authors: Batsios Georgios , Najac Chloé , Cao Peng , Viswanath Pavithra , Subramani Elavarasan , Saito Yutaro , Gillespie Anne Marie , Yoshihara Hikari A. I. , Larson Peder , Sando Shinsuke , Ronen Sabrina M.
Published: April 2020

Glutathione (GSH) is often upregulated in cancer, where it serves to mitigate oxidative stress. γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) is a key enzyme in GSH homeostasis, and compared to normal brain its expression is elevated in tumors, including in primary glioblastoma. GGT is therefore an attractive imaging target for detection of glioblastoma. The goal of our study was to assess the value of hyperpolarized (HP) γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine for non-invasive imaging of glioblastoma. Nude rats bearing orthotopic U87 glioblastoma and healthy controls were investigated. Imaging was performed by injecting HP γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine and acquiring dynamic 13C data on a preclinical 3T MR scanner. The signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine and its product [1-13C]glycine were evaluated. Comparison of control and tumor-bearing rats showed no difference in γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine SNR, pointing to similar delivery to tumor and normal brain. In contrast, [1-13C]glycine SNR was significantly higher in tumor-bearing rats compared to controls, and in tumor regions compared to normal-appearing brain. Importantly, higher [1-13C]glycine was associated with higher GGT expression and higher GSH levels in tumor tissue compared to normal brain. Collectively, this study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the feasibility of using HP γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine to monitor GGT expression in the brain and thus to detect glioblastoma.
A novel diagnostic system to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor impact as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Takakuwa Kazuya , Mogushi Kaoru , Han Min , Fujii Tomoaki , Hosoya Masaki , Yamanami Arina , Akita Tomomi , Yamashita Chikamasa , Hayashida Tetsu , Kato Shunsuke , Yamaguchi Shigeo
Published: April 2020

Many driver pathways for cancer cell proliferation have been reported. Driver pathway activation is often evaluated based on a single hotspot mutation such as EGFR L858R. However, because of complex intratumoral networks, the impact of a driver pathway cannot be predicted based on only a single gene mutation. Here, we developed a novel diagnostic system named the “EGFR impact score” which is based on multiplex mRNA expression profiles, which can predict the impact of the EGFR pathway in lung cancer cells and the effect of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors on malignancy. The EGFR impact score indicated robust predictive power for the prognosis of early-stage lung cancer because this score can evaluate the impact of the EGFR pathway on the tumor and genomic instability. Additionally, the molecular features of the poor prognostic group resembled those of biomarkers associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The EGFR impact score is a novel prognostic and therapeutic indicator for lung adenocarcinoma.
Comparative Evaluation of CHROMagar COL-APSE, MicroScan Walkaway, ComASP Colistin, and Colistin MAC Test in Detecting Colistin-resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Osei Sekyere John , Sephofane Arnold Karabo , Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy
Published: April 2020

Colistin has become a critical antibiotic for fatal Gram-negative infections owing to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Thus, cheaper, faster, efficient and easier-to-use colistin diagnostics are required for clinical surveillance, diagnoses and therapeutics. The sensitivity, specificity, major error (ME), very major error (VME), categorial agreement, essential agreement, turnaround time (TAT), average cost, and required skill for four colistin resistance diagnostics viz., CHROMagar COL-APSE, ComASP Colistin, MicroScan, and Colistin MAC Test (CMT) were evaluated against broth microdilution (BMD) using 84 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. A multiplex PCR (M-PCR) was used to screen all isolates to detect the presence of the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. A 15-point grading scale was used to grade the tests under skill, ease, processing time etc. mcr-1 was detected by both M-PCR and CMT in a single E. coli isolate, with other PCR amplicons suggestive of mcr-2, -3 and -4 genes being also observed on the gel. The sensitivity and specificity of CHROMagar COL-APSE, MicroScan, and ComASP Colistin, were 82.05% and 66.67%, 92.31% and 76.92%, and 100% and 88.89% respectively. The MicroScan was the most expensive at a cost (per sampe tested) of R221.6 ($15.0), followed by CHROMagar COL-APSE (R118.3; $8.0), M-PCR (R75.1; $5.1), CMT (R20.1; $1.4) and ComASP Colistin (R2.64; $0.2). CHROMagar was the easiest to perform, followed by ComASP Colistin, M-PCR, MicroScan, CMT and BMD whilst M-PCR and MicroScan required higher skill. The ComASP Colistin was the best performing diagnostic test, with low VME and ME, making it recommendable for routine colistin sensitivity testing in clinical laboratories; particularly, in poorer settings. It is however limited by a TAT of 18–24 hours.
Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics
Authors: Leprêtre Maxime , Almunia Christine , Armengaud Jean , Le Guernic Antoine , Salvador Arnaud , Geffard Alain , Palos-Ladeiro Mélissa
Published: April 2020

Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
Effects of strigolactone on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics in salt-stressed rice seedlings
Authors: Ling Fenglou , Su Qingwang , Jiang Hao , Cui Jingjing , He Xiaoliang , Wu Zhihai , Zhang Zhian , Liu Juan , Zhao Yongjun
Published: April 2020

Saline stress has been identified as the primary factor inhibiting rice seedling growth, which represents a complex abiotic stress process. Most plant hormones have been shown to alleviate the plant damage caused by salt stress. The effects of synthetic strigolactone (GR24) on Jinongda 667 rice seedlings treated with 200 mM NaCl were studied. Photosynthesis and its related physiological characteristics were analyzed in salt-stressed rice seedlings treated with GR24. NaCL stress inhibited the growth of the rice, including plant height and root length, by approximately 14% and 40%, respectively. Compared to the control check group (CK), the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth status, leaf photosynthesis, and physiological/biochemical indices in the rice seedlings were alleviated in the GR24 treatment group. With increases in the GR24 concentration, the plant height and root length of the seedlings increased. The plant height in the groups treated with 1/2 Hoagland’s complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl +1 μM GR24 (T4) and 1/2 Hoagland’s complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl +5 μM GR24 (T5) were significantly different than the 1/2 Hoagland’s complete nutrient solution + 200 mM NaCl group (T1) (P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between the T5 and T1 groups in root length (P < 0.05).The chlorophyll content in the rice seedling leaves was significantly different between the T1 group and all other groups (P < 0.05). The net photosynthetic rate of the T1 group was not significantly different from the T2 group (P > 0.05). The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentrations showed the same trends as the net photosynthetic rate. The MAD, POD, and SOD activities were significantly increased by 68%, 60%, 14%, respectively, compared to the CK group (P < 0.01). When the GR24 concentration was 1 μM, the rice seedlings were resistant to the adverse effects of high salt stress. Therefore, the addition of proper concentrations of GR24 could improve the rice yield in saline-alkali land.
Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Lee Young Bok , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Soo Young , Yu Dong Soo , Han Kyung Do , Park Yong Gyu
Published: April 2020

No study has examined the associations between vitiligo and smoking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of vitiligo according to smoking status. We used clinical data from individuals aged over 20 years who received a health examination in the National Insurance Program between 2009 and 2012 (n = 23,503,807). We excluded individuals with pre-existing vitiligo who had ever been diagnosed with vitiligo before the index year (n = 35,710) or who were diagnosed with vitiligo within a year of the index year (n = 46,476). Newly diagnosed vitiligo was identified using claims data from baseline to date of diagnosis or December 31, 2016 (n = 22,811). The development of vitiligo was compared according to self-reported smoking status by a health examination survey. The hazard ratio of vitiligo in current smokers was 0.69 (95% confidence interval; 0.65–0.72) with a reference of never-smokers after adjustment for age, sex, regular exercise, drinking status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of stroke, and history of ischemic heart diseases. The decreased risk of vitiligo in current smokers persisted after subgroup analysis of sex and age groups. The results suggested there are suppressive effects of smoking on the development of vitiligo. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of smoking on the development of vitiligo.
Analysis of the receptor BCMA as a biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Salazar-Camarena Diana Celeste , Palafox-Sánchez Claudia Azucena , Cruz Alvaro , Marín-Rosales Miguel , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco
Published: April 2020

B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play central roles in B cell development and maturation. Soluble forms of their receptors can be generated by proteolytic cleavage; however, their physiological and clinical roles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the receptor soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and clinical variables in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA for 129 SLE patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs), and the expression of the receptor BCMA was evaluated on B and plasma cells from 40 subjects. SLE patients showed aberrant expression of the receptor BCMA on B and plasma cells. Soluble levels of the receptor sBCMA and its ligands sAPRIL and sBAFF were increased in SLE patients compared with HCs. Additionally, sBCMA (rs = 0.6177) and sAPRIL (rs = 0.4952) correlated strongly with disease activity. Active SLE patients who achieved low disease activity showed decreased sBCMA (53.30 vs 35.30 ng/mL;p < 0.05) and sBAFF (4.48 vs 2.27 ng/mL;p < 0.05) serum levels after treatment, while sAPRIL expression remained unchanged. At a cutoff value of 22.40 ng/mL, sAPRIL showed high sensitivity (96.12%) and specificity (94.12%) for discrimination between HCs and SLE patients, while sBAFF showed lower sensitivity (82.2%) but higher specificity (94.1%) at a cutoff of 1.195 ng/mL. Relatively high levels of sAPRIL and sBCMA clustered active SLE patients. The receptor sBCMA could be a potential biomarker of disease activity in SLE.
Comparative quantification of chlorophyll and polyphenol levels in grapevine leaves sampled from different geographical locations
Authors: Martín-Tornero Elísabet , de Jorge Páscoa Ricardo Nuno Mendes , Espinosa-Mansilla Anunciación , Martín-Merás Isabel Durán , Lopes João Almeida
Published: April 2020

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) in combination with chemometric analysis were applied to discriminate the geographical origin of grapevine leaves belonging to the variety “Touriga Nacional” during different vegetative stages. Leaves were collected from plants of two different wine regions in Portugal (Dão and Douro) over the grapes maturation period. A sampling plan was designed in order to obtain the most variability within the vineyards taking into account variables such as: solar exposition, land inclination, altitude and soil properties, essentially. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract relevant information from the spectral data and presented visible cluster trends. Results, both with NIRS and MIRS, demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate between the two geographical origins with an outstanding accuracy. Spectral patterns of grapevine leaves show significant differences during grape maturation period, with a special emphasis between the months of June and September. Additionally, the quantification of total chlorophyll and total polyphenol content from leaves spectra was attempted by both techniques. For this purpose, partial least squares (PLS) regression was employed. PLS models based on NIRS and MIRS, both demonstrate a statistically significant correlation for the total chlorophyll (R2P = 0.92 and R2P = 0.76, respectively). However, the PLS model for the total polyphenols, may only be considered as a screening method, because significant prediction errors, independently of resourcing on NIRS, MIRS or both techniques simultaneously, were obtained.
Aryl radical-induced desulfonylativeipso-substitution of diaryliodonium salts: an efficient route to sterically hindered biarylamines
Authors: Chen Huangguan , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: April 2020

By using vicinal aryl sulfonamide-substituted diaryliodonium salts, a cascade of desulfonylation/aryl migration was promoted by triethylamine in synthesis of sterically hindered biarylamines, which operatedviaa radical-induced reaction pathway.
Efficient removal of methyl orange by a flower-like TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) composite nanomaterial
Authors: Wu Wan , Yao Tiantian , Xiang Ye , Zou Hao , Zhou Yi
Published: April 2020

Nano-scale MOF composite materials prepared by combining inorganic semiconductors with controllable pore structures and functional active sites for the effective removal of organic dyes will exhibit more excellent adsorption activity.
Adsorber heat exchanger using Al-fumarate beads for heat-pump applications – a transport study
Authors: Farrusseng David , Daniel Cécile , Hamill Conor , Casaban Jose , Didriksen Terje , Blom Richard , Velte Andreas , Fueldner Gerrit , Gantenbein Paul , Persdorf Patrick , Daguenet-Frick Xavier , Meunier Francis
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the cost-efficient and scalable synthesis and shaping processes of Al(OH)-fumarate beads of various sizes appropriate for use in water Adsorption Heat-Pumps (AHPs).
Extraction kinetics, thermodynamics, rheological properties and anti-BVDV activity of the hot water assisted extraction of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Wang Xinjian , Zhang Kang , Zhang Xuan , Li Shaowei , Li Yanlin , Fan Wenguang , Leng Feifan , Yang Mingjun , Chen Jixiang
Published: April 2020

The extraction kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) were studied, and its rheological properties and antiviral activity were evaluated.
Copper-catalyzed direct amination of benzylic hydrocarbons and inactive aliphatic alkanes with arylamines
Authors: Yao Hua , Xie Bo , Zhong Xiaoyang , Jin Shengzhou , Lin Sen , Yan Zhaohua
Published: April 2020

A new synthetic method toward direct C–N bond formation through saturated C–H amination of benzylic hydrocarbons and inactive aliphatic alkanes with primary aromatic amines under an inexpensive catalyst/oxidant (Cu/DTBP) system has been developed.
260‐GHz waveguide module containing an integrated InP HBT amplifier chip
Authors: Yi C. , Cho J. , Shin J. , Kim M.
Published: April 2020

A terahertz integrated amplifier circuit packaged inside a WR‐3.4 waveguide is presented. The circuit, fabricated using 250‐nm InP technology, contains three amplifier chains each connected to its own input and output waveguide transition pairs. The size of the transition is minimised for the chip to properly fit inside the standard waveguide. The assembled waveguide module shows the peak amplifier gain of 13 dB and 3‐dB bandwidth of 32 GHz as its gain is 6.2 dB less than that of an on‐wafer amplifier measured using RF probes. The maximum measured output power from the module is 6.5 dBm at 260 GHz compared to 1.4 dBm from single on‐wafer amplifier chain.
Utilising bidirectional inequality constraints in optimal robust control for heterogeneous vehicular platoons
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Huang Jin , Hu Zhanyi , Zhong Zhihua
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the robust control problem of a heterogeneous vehicular platoon subject to non‐linear and (possibly fast) time‐varying uncertainties. The uncertainties are induced by parameter variations and external disturbances. The bound of the uncertainty is described via a continuous function. Firstly, the platoon is modelled as a coupled uncertain dynamic system. To guarantee collision avoidance and compact formation performance, the bidirectional inequality constraints are established for the spacing error between adjacent vehicles. A mathematical transformation scheme is proposed to convert the bounded state into an unbounded one. Then, based on the Udwdia–Kalaba approach and Lyapunov stability theory, a constraint‐following robust controller is designed. The controller renders the uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness performance of the unbounded state, which in turn guarantees the bidirectional restrictions for the spacing error. Moreover, an optimal design scheme for the tunable parameter of this controller is proposed to minimise a comprehensive index involving the system performance and control cost. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Procuring cooperative intelligence in autonomous vehicles for object detection through data fusion approach
Authors: Daniel Alfred , Subburathinam Karthik , Anand Muthu Bala , Rajkumar Newlin , Kadry Seifedine , Kumar Mahendran Rakesh , Pandian Sanjeevi
Published: April 2020

In an autonomous vehicle (AV), in order to efficiently exploit the acquired resources, big data analyses will be a reliable source for extracting valuable information from various sensors and actuators. The data extracted with the combined ability of telematics and real‐time investigation forms the vibrant asset for self‐driving cars. To demonstrate the significances of big data analysis, this study proposes a competent architecture for real‐time big data analysis for an AV, which indeed keeps pace with the latest trends and advancement concerning an emerging paradigm. There are a massive amount of sensors and independent systems needed to be realised for better competence in an AV, and the proposed model focuses on independent sensors that distinguish objects and handles visual information to decide the path. In order to attain the objective as mentioned above, a sensor fusion mechanism is proposed, which combines 3D camera sensor data and Lidar sensor information to provide an optimised solution for path selection. Furthermore, three algorithms, namely overlapping algorithm, sequential adding algorithm, the distance‐focused algorithm is designed for higher efficiency in sensor fusion mechanism. The proposed methodology is for the best exploitation of the enormous dataset, meant for real‐time processing for an AV.
Mechanochemical synthesis of aromatic infrared band carriers
Authors: Dartois E. , Charon E. , Engrand C. , Pino T. , Sandt C.
Published: April 2020

Context. Interstellar space hosts nanometre- to micron-sized dust grains, which are responsible for the reddening of stars in the visible. The carbonaceous-rich component of these grain populations emits in infrared bands that have been observed remotely for decades with telescopes and satellites. They are a key ingredient of Galactic radiative transfer models and astrochemical dust evolution. However, except for C60 and its cation, the precise carriers for most of these bands are still unknown and not well reproduced in the laboratory.

Aims. In this work, we aim to show the high-energy mechanochemical synthesis of disordered aromatic and aliphatic analogues provides interstellar relevant dust particles.

Methods. The mechanochemical milling of carbon-based solids under a hydrogen atmosphere produces particles with a pertinent spectroscopic match to astrophysical observations of aromatic infrared band (AIB) emission, linked to the so-called astrophysical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hypothesis. The H/C ratio for the analogues that best reproduce these astronomical infrared observations lies in the 5 ± 2% range, potentially setting a constraint on astrophysical models. This value happens to be much lower than diffuse interstellar hydrogenated amorphous carbons, another Galactic dust grain component observed in absorption, and it most probably provides a constraint on the hydrogenation degree of the most aromatic carbonaceous dust grain carriers. A broad band, observed in AIBs, evolving in the 1350–1200 cm−1 (7.4–8.3 μm) range is correlated to the hydrogen content, and thus the structural evolution in the analogues produced.

Results. Our results demonstrate that the mechanochemical process, which does not take place in space, can be seen as an experimental reactor to stimulate very local energetic chemical reactions. It introduces bond disorder and hydrogen chemical attachment on the produced defects, with a net effect similar to the interstellar space very localised chemical reactions with solids. From the vantage point of astrophysics, these laboratory interstellar dust analogues will be used to predict dust grain evolution under simulated interstellar conditions, including harsh radiative environments. Such interstellar analogues offer an opportunity to derive a global view on the cycling of matter in other star forming systems.
Review of the potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) with a petiolate metasoma from Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Nugroho Hari , Lupiyaningdyah Pungki , Kojima Jun-ichi
Published: April 2020

The taxonomy and biogeography of potter wasps with a petiolate metasoma occurring in the Indonesian Archipelago are reviewed. Literature review and specimens examination were carried out for the present study. Within the Eumeninae, the wasps with a petiolate metasoma distributed in the region have been more or less well studied compared with those with a non-petiolate metasoma, but their generic affinities and the concepts of some species yet remain unestablished. A total of 80 species belonging to 16 genera of the “petiolate metasoma” are known to occur from the region. Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo have mainly Oriental eumenine fauna, including several area- specific species of the Oriental genera. New Guinean fauna is comprised of Papua-Australian species of the widely distributed genera, together with widely distributed species and species endemic to New Guinea. The Wallacean fauna is constituted mainly with the area-specific species in the rather widely distributed genera; in the western part of Wallacea, they are represented mainly by widely distributed genera, together with Oriental genera; in the eastern part of Wallacea, they are constituted mainly by area endemic species of widely distributed Oriental genera. Widely distributed species generally show a wide range of variation in the marking patterns, and occurs sympatrically in some areas, even the peripheral populations usually characterized by the island(s)-specific marking patterns. Sympatric occurrences of forms with quite different color patterns in widely distributed species need further study to establish their taxonomic status, namely whether they are variations within a given area or different species.
Land snails on two different sides of Mt. Galunggung
Authors: Heryanto Heryanto
Published: April 2020

It has been 32 years since the eruption of Mount Galunggung that the land snail diversity in the area were examined, not only in the stricken area but also in the secure place on the other side. The recent collection found 250 snails of 10 families (29 species). In the impacted area, 15 species (154 individuals) of land snails were discovered, whereas 18 species (96 individuals) were discovered in the unimpacted area. By a t-Student statistical analysis (95% confidence interval) for comparison between area of equal variances it was discovered that the two area differ significantly. The analysis was continued by using NMDS of PAST to show the difference more detail. This research proves that the snail assemblage in the impact area of eruption area were different with the snail’s assemblage in the unimpacted other side of the Mount.
Fatty Acid Profile of Captive Barb Fish (Barbonymus balleroides)
Authors: Anita Syahfitri , Haryono Haryono , Wahyudewantoro Gema
Published: April 2020

Barbonymus balleroidesor barb fish is a freshwater fish that threaten by overexploitation and overfishing in their natural habitat. Our continuous investigation showed that fat content of barb fish that has been maintained in our pond facility for more than 1 year was decreasing. Since fatty acid (FA) is important property for farmed fish therefore it is essential to evaluate fatty acid profile of flesh and byproduct of captive Barb Fish. Captive fishes were originated from two different locations, Serayu River, Banjarnegara and Cipunagara River, Cianjur. FA composition of flesh and byproduct of fishes were analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Result showed that both flesh and byproduct of both origin contained good quality of FA particularly omega 3 and omega 6 and other beneficial unsaturated fat, omega 9. However captive barb fish showed lower FA composition than wild barb fish that could be influenced by its feed and other environmental parameter. The high composition of FA in barb fish byproduct indicated its potency to be utilized further for nutrition source. This study showed the needed to make further improvement in barb fish cultivation so that it could produces high quality farmed fish.
Share of rushes in water uptake in shallow lakes in eastern Poland
Authors: Sender Joanna , Różańska-Boczula Monika , Grzywna Antoni
Published: April 2020

The intensity of transpiration depends on many environmental factors including light, temperature, wind, and air humidity. By eliminating the variation of these factors under laboratory conditions, an attempt was made to indicate the intensity of this process among different species of helophytes and are there any factors limiting this process. We performed a field study of some shallow lakes to answer the question: what is the role of emergent macrophytes in evapotranspiration in lakes with different trophy and surface. Field works were carried out in the shallow littoral at the peak of the growing season. Under laboratory conditions five species were analysing in respect of water uptake. Under laboratory conditions, the width, length and number of leaves as well as the mass and diameter of the stems of respective species had the most significant effect on the uptake of water by helophytes. The length of the plant was a characteristic with the least significant impact on water uptake. The presence of inflorescence was highly negatively correlated with the amount of water taken up by the plants. This phenomenon may slow down the process of water uptake by plants. Among the analyzed factors affecting the uptake of water in the shallow lakes of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, the most important effect was the area of rushes, their density and lake trophic type. In contrast, the type of lake supply, surface of the lake and the variety of helophytes proved to be irrelevant to the amount of water uptake. Helophytes play a significant role in the uptake of water. The share of Typha rushes significantly increases transpiration.
Deformation measurement within adhesive bonds of aluminium and CFRP using advanced fibre optic sensors
Authors: Grefe Hinrich , Weiser Dennis , Kandula Maja Wanda , Dilger Klaus
Published: April 2020

Monitoring the deformation within an adhesive joint during the curing cycle provides valuable information regarding the build-up of thermal strain and stress. Distributed fibre optic sensors are very useful for spatial continuous measurements of deformation or temperature. Integrated into a hybrid joint, the thermal curing process of the adhesive can be monitored. This detailed insight into the joint helps to understand the deformation and thereby also the resulting stress. Analysing the deformation process establishes the foundation to adapt techniques to reduce the thermally induced deformation and thereby the resulting stress.
Hornhautveränderungen im Säuglings- und Kindesalter als Ausdruck systemischer Stoffwechselerkrankungen
Authors: Reich Michael , Reinhard Thomas , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander
Published: April 2020

Bilaterale Hornhauttrübungen können Ausdruck unterschiedlichster Systemerkrankungen sein. Insbesondere im Kindesalter ist hierbei differenzialdiagnostisch an diverse, aber meist sehr seltene Stoffwechselerkrankungen zu denken. Da die Hornhauttrübungen zu den ersten klinischen Symptomen dieser Erkrankungen zählen können, kommt dem Ophthalmologen eine entscheidende Rolle hinsichtlich der Einleitung einer frühen interdisziplinären diagnostischen Abklärung zu. Die frühe Diagnosestellung ist durch die daraus ggf. resultierende Therapieeinleitung für den weiteren klinischen Verlauf und die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten äußerst entscheidend.
Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Tramadol from Cyclohexanone
Authors: Jamison Timothy F. , Monos Timothy M. , Jaworski Jonathan N. , Stephens John C.
Published: April 2020

A multioperation, continuous-flow platform for the synthesis of tramadol, ranging from gram to decagram quantities, is described. The platform is segmented into two halves allowing for a single operator to modulate between preparation of the intermediate by Mannich addition or complete the fully concatenated synthesis. All purification operations are incorporated in-line for the Mannich reaction. ‘Flash’ reactivity between meta-methoxyphenyl magnesium bromide and the Mannich product was controlled with a static helical mixer and tested with a combination of flow and batch-based and factorial evaluations. These efforts culminated in a rapid production rate of tramadol (13.7 g°h–1) sustained over 56 reactor volumes. A comparison of process metrics including E-Factor, production rate, and space-time yield are used to contextualize the developed platform with respect to established engineering and synthetic methods for making tramadol.
Aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling with Ultralow Palladium Loading and Simple Product Separation
Authors: Ren Zhi-Gang , Young David James , Yang Wei , Xu Wen-Di , Ning Jin-Jiao
Published: April 2020

The diphosphine ligand N,N-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-aniline (bdppma) and PdCl2 afforded a Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst [(bdppma­)PdCl2] that was highly efficient at an ultralow catalyst loading (0.001 mol%) in 20:1 H2O–EtOH. This low catalyst loading in an aqueous solvent system permitted simple product separation by direct filtration without the need for chromatography. The ligand bdppma imparted surprisingly better reactivity than that achieved with other bidentate diphosphine ligands, but the catalytic system had a slightly narrower substrate scope than some similar Pd catalysts reported previously.
Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response Patterns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mohammed Somia Tawfik , El-Farrash Rania Ali , Taha Hesham Mohammed , Moustafa Omaima Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Objective Delayed maturation of auditory brainstem pathway in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may lead to misdiagnosis of children with normal peripheral hearing and inappropriate use of amplification devices. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of auditory brain stem response in neonates admitted to the NICU for proper hearing assessment in this high-risk population.

Study Design This prospective study was conducted on 1,469 infants who were admitted to the NICU, of which 1,423 had one or more risk factors for permanent congenital hearing loss and were screened with automated auditory brain stem response (AABR). A total of 60 infants were referred for diagnostic ABR analysis after failure on AABR screening. The control group comprised 60 well-baby nursery neonates with no risk factors for PCHL.

Results Mean values of absolute latencies of waves III and V; interpeak latencies I–III, III–V, and I–V; amplitude of waves I, and V; and I/V amplitude ratio at 90 dBnHL measured for the right and left ears at 1 and 3 months of age show significant difference in NICU neonates compared with controls (p < 0.05). All the diagnostic ABR measurements significantly improved at the age of 3 months (p < 0.001) except wave I absolute latency of both groups (p > 0.05). Significant correlations were found between ABR readings at the age of 1 and 3 months and the gestational age of the NICU neonates (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Diagnostic ABR findings in NICU neonates suggested delayed maturation of the auditory brainstem pathway with a great impact of gestational age on this maturation. Auditory maturational changes were observed at 3 months of age of patient and control groups.
Operating Room Guide for Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 Pregnant Patients Requiring Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Gonzalez-Brown Veronica M. , Reno Joseph , Lortz Heather , Fiorini Kasey , Costantine Maged M.
Published: April 2020

We sought to provide a clinical practice protocol for our labor and delivery (L&D) unit, to care for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients requiring cesarean delivery. A multidisciplinary team approach guidance was designed to simplify and streamline the flow and care of patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 requiring cesarean delivery. A protocol was designed to improve staff readiness, minimize risks, and streamline care processes. This is a suggested protocol which may not be applicable to all health care settings but can be adapted to local resources and limitations of individual L&D units. Guidance and information are changing rapidly; therefore, we recommend continuing to update the protocol as needed.

Key Points
Multiple probabilistic networks with scale-free property
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Yao Bing
Published: April 2020

It is well-known that the random scale-free networks are ubiquitous in the world and are applied in many areas of scientific research. Most previous networks are obtained from a single probability parameter, while our networks are produced by multiple probability parameters. This paper aims at generating a family of random scale-free networks by graphic operations based on probabilistic behaviors. These random scale-free networks can span a network space S(p, q, r, t) with three probabilistic parameters p, q, and r holding on p + q + r = 1 with 0 ≤ p, q, r ≤ 1 at each time step t. Each network N(p, q, r, t) of S(p, q, r, t) is a dynamic network that will be produced by N(p, q, r, t − 1) based on three types of operations, called the type-A operation, the type-B operation, and the type-C operation. We will show the topological structures of each network N(p, q, r, t) by its average degree, degree distribution, diameter, and clustering coefficient, and, furthermore, compute the degree exponent γ=1+ln(4−r)ln⁡2, as well as power-law distribution, in order to reveal the scale-free behavior of N(p, q, r, t), which induces the whole space S(p, q, r, t) to be scale-free. Our findings are able to enrich the fundamental structure properties of complex networks, in particular scale-free networks.
Optically tunable microresonator using an azobenzene monolayer
Authors: Kovach Andre , He Jinghan , Saris Patrick J. G. , Chen Dongyu , Armani Andrea M.
Published: April 2020

Photoswitchable organic molecules can undergo reversible structural changes with an external light stimulus. These optically controlled molecules have been used in the development of “smart” polymers, optical writing of grating films, and even controllable in vivo drug release. Being the simplest class of photoswitches in terms of structure, azobenzenes have become the most ubiquitous, well-characterized, and implemented organic molecular switches. Given their predictable response, they are ideally suited to create an all-optically controlled switch. However, fabricating a monolithic optical device comprised solely of azobenzene while maintaining the photoswitching functionality is challenging. In this work, we combine integrated photonics with optically switchable organic molecules to create an optically controlled integrated device. A silica toroidal resonant cavity is functionalized with a monolayer of an azobenzene derivative. After functionalization, the loaded cavity Q is above 105. When 450 nm light is coupled into cavity resonance, the azobenzene isomerizes from trans isomer to cis isomer, inducing a refractive index change. Because the resonant wavelength of the cavity is governed by the index, the resonant wavelength changes in parallel. At a probe wavelength of 1300 nm, the wavelength shift is determined by the duration and intensity of the 450 nm light and the density of azobenzene functional groups on the device surface, providing multiple control mechanisms. Using this photoswitchable device, resonance frequency tuning as far as 60% of the cavity’s free spectral range in the near-IR is demonstrated. The kinetics of the tuning are in agreement with spectroscopic and ellipsometry measurements coupled with finite element method calculations.
Vapor-phase deposition-based self-assembled monolayer for an electrochemical sensing platform
Authors: Ahn Jun Ki , Oh Seung Jun , Park Hun , Song Yesol , Kwon Seong Jung , Shin Hang-Beum
Published: April 2020

Vapor-phase deposition was investigated to prepare electrochemically stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) since the promising coating technology can improve the surface functionality for electrochemical biosensors. In our experiments, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)–Au SAMs in vapor-phase deposition were compared with those in the liquid-phase process, and their electrochemical properties were interrogated by measuring cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. As a result, Au–MPA SAMs prepared in a vapor-phase process exhibited much higher electrochemical stability than those in a liquid-phase process. Furthermore, parameters in the vapor–phase deposition process were optimized for reproducible impedance signals, and the as-prepared Au–MPA SAMs under the conditions were adopted for detecting target IgE. It would pave the way for the development of a highly reproducible electrochemical bio-sensing platform.
Template-directed growth of copolymers
Authors: Gaspard Pierre
Published: April 2020

The theory of multistate template-directed reversible copolymerization is developed by extending the method based on iterated function systems to matrices, taking into account the possibility of multiple activation states instead of a single one for the growth process. In this extended theory, the mean growth velocity is obtained with an iterated matrix function system and the probabilities of copolymer sequences are given by matrix products defined along the template. The theory allows us to understand the effects of template heterogeneity, which include a fractal distribution of local growth velocities far enough from equilibrium, and a regime of sublinear growth in time close to equilibrium.
Imbibition enhancing oil recovery mechanism of the two surfactants
Authors: Zhao Han , Kang Wanli , Yang Hongbin , Zhang Hongwen , Zhu Tongyu , Wang Fang , Li Xinxin , Zhou Bobo , Sarsenbekuly Bauyrzhan , Aidarova Saule , Ibrashev Kenzhebek
Published: April 2020

The subject of the imbibition enhancing oil recovery (IEOR) mechanism by the use of ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsifying surfactants remains controversial. In this study, an ultra-low IFT surfactant (SOL) and an easy-emulsifying surfactant (SDBS) were selected on the basis of their interfacial tension and emulsion stability to elucidate the IEOR mechanism. The cell test method was used to measure the imbibition oil recovery. The micro-IEOR mechanisms were analyzed by using a new device making use of a visual micromodel. The results show that the imbibition oil recovery was 8% with SDBS and 17% with SOL, with the two surfactants having a similar variation of imbibition speed, while the ultra-low IFT made the water front more uniform. The emulsion with low coalescence stability formed by SDBS improves the displacement efficiency and diverts flow, improving the sweep efficiency as well. This work proposes a new method for analyzing the micro-IEOR mechanism and provides new fundamental information to the selection of an efficient IEOR surfactant.
Turbulent structures and mixing enhancement with lobed mixers in a supersonic mixing layer
Authors: Fang Xin-xin , Shen Chi-bing , Sun Ming-bo , Wang Hong-bo , Wang Peng
Published: April 2020

Experiments are conducted on a supersonic mixing layer with two lobed mixers, which are designed following the concept of a shock-eliminating combustor. Instantaneous images were obtained to examine the evolution process of large-scale vortices downstream of the lobed mixers. The results show that no streamwise vortices appeared downstream of the lobed mixer with a penetration angle of approximately 6.7° owing to the smaller pressure difference between the peak and trough regions of the lobed mixer compared with the rectangular lobed mixer (RLM). However, it provides a similar mixing enhancement as an RLM. Streamwise vortices appear downstream of the lobed mixer with a higher penetration angle of approximately 9.7°. Greater mixing enhancement is observed in the lobed mixer with a larger penetration angle. The lobed mixers have potential applications for mixing enhancement in air-breathing propulsion systems, such as scramjet engines.