bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of cortical beta oscillations in time estimation
Authors: Kulashekhar Shrikanth , Pekkola Johanna , Palva Jaakko Matias , Palva Satu
Published: May 2016

Estimation of time is central to perception, action, and cognition. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission topography (PET) have revealed a positive correlation between the estimation of multi‐second temporal durations and neuronal activity in a circuit of sensory and motor areas, prefrontal and temporal cortices, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The systems‐level mechanisms coordinating the collective neuronal activity in these areas have remained poorly understood. Synchronized oscillations regulate communication in neuronal networks and could hence serve such coordination, but their role in the estimation and maintenance of multi‐second time intervals has remained largely unknown. We used source‐reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to address the functional significance of local neuronal synchronization, as indexed by the amplitudes of cortical oscillations, in time‐estimation. MEG was acquired during a working memory (WM) task where the subjects first estimated and then memorized the durations, or in the contrast condition, the colors of dynamic visual stimuli. Time estimation was associated with stronger beta (β, 14 − 30 Hz) band oscillations than color estimation in sensory regions and attentional cortical structures that earlier have been associated with time processing. In addition, the encoding of duration information was associated with strengthened gamma‐ (γ, 30 − 120 Hz), and the retrieval and maintenance with alpha‐ (α, 8 − 14 Hz) band oscillations. These data suggest that β oscillations may provide a mechanism for estimating short temporal durations, while γ and α oscillations support their encoding, retrieval, and maintenance in memory. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3262–3281, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
6‐Mer Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Modulate Neuroinflammation and α‐Synuclein Expression in Neuron‐Like SH‐SY5Y Cells
Authors: Scuruchi Michele , D'Ascola Angela , Avenoso Angela , Campana Stefania , Abusamra Yousef A. , Spina Edoardo , Calatroni Alberto , Campo Giuseppe M. , Campo Salvatore
Published: May 2016

Several studies have shown the degradation of the extracellular matrix at the site of neuroinflammation and increased release of degradation products of glycosaminoglycans. Among these, low molecular weight fragments of hyaluronan (HA) may play a key role in the events leading to neuroinflammation and/or neuronal degeneration. Small HA fragments are able to induce inflammation by stimulating both TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 as well as CD44 receptors. This stimulation culminates in the nuclear translocation of NF‐kB that in turn induces the production of pro‐inflammatory intermediates such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β. The potential of HA fragments, as mediators of inflammation, it has been poorly investigated in neuron‐like SH‐SY5Y cells so the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroinflammatory effects of very small HA oligosaccharides, the involvement of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 and the production of α‐synuclein in such cells. The addition of HA fragments to cell cultures up‐regulated TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 levels, induced NF‐kB activity and increased both TNF‐α and IL‐β as well as α‐synuclein production. On blocking the activity of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 the levels of inflammatory parameters and of α‐synuclein were significantly reduced. Since several data have shown as α‐synuclein, produced from neurons, is able to initiate ex novo or to maintain an existing neuroinflammatory response, which has been suggested as one of the principal components involved in neurodegenerative pathologies, as PD, we suggest that HA pathways should be given careful consideration when devising future anti‐neuroinflammatory strategies to defend against the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2835–2843, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dosimetric and radiobiological impact of intensity modulated proton therapy and RapidArc planning for high‐risk prostate cancer with seminal vesicles
Authors: Rana Suresh , Cheng ChihYao , Zhao Li , Park SungYong , Larson Gary , Vargas Carlos , Dunn Megan , Zheng Yuanshui
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric and radiobiological impact of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and RapidArc planning for high‐risk prostate cancer with seminal vesicles.

Methods

Ten high‐risk prostate cancer cases were included in this retrospective study. For each case, IMPT plans were generated using multiple field optimisation (MFO) technique (two fields) with XiO treatment planning system (TPS), whereas RapidArc plans were generated using double‐arc technique (two full arcs) with Eclipse TPS. IMPT and RapidArc plans were optimised for a total prescription dose of 79.2 Gy (relative biological effectiveness (RBE)) and 79.2 Gy, respectively, using identical dose–volume constraints. IMPT and RapidArc plans were then normalised such that at least 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) received the prescription dose.

Results

The mean and maximum PTV doses were comparable in IMPT plans (80.1 ± 0.3 Gy (RBE) and 82.6 ± 1.0 Gy (RBE) respectively) and RapidArc plans (80.3 ± 0.3 Gy and 82.8 ± 0.6 Gy respectively) with P = 0.088 and P = 0.499 respectively. The mean doses of the rectum and bladder were found to be significantly lower in IMPT plans (16.9 ± 5.8 Gy (RBE) and 17.5 ± 5.4 Gy (RBE) respectively) when compared to RapidArc plans (41.9 ± 5.7 Gy and 32.5 ± 7.8 Gy respectively) with P < 0.000 and P < 0.000 respectively. For the rectum, IMPT produced lower V30 (21.0 ± 9.6% vs. 68.5 ± 10.0%; P < 0.000), V50 (14.3 ± 5.8% vs. 45.0 ± 10.0%; P < 0.000) and V70 (6.9 ± 3.4% vs. 12.8 ± 3.6%; P < 0.000) compared to RapidArc. For the bladder, IMPT produced lower V30 (23.2 ± 7.0% vs. 50.9 ± 15.6%; P < 0.000) and V50 (16.6 ± 5.4% vs. 25.1 ± 9.6%; P = 0.001), but similar V70 (9.7 ± 3.5% vs. 10.5 ± 4.2%; P = 0.111) compared to RapidArc. RapidArc produced lower mean dose for both the right femoral head (19.5 ± 4.2 Gy vs. 27.4 ± 4.5 Gy (RBE); P < 0.000) and left femoral head (18.0 ± 4.3 Gy vs. 28.0 ± 5.6 Gy (RBE); P < 0.000). Both IMPT and RapidArc produced comparable bladder normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) (0.6 ± 0.2% vs. 0.5 ± 0.2%; P = 0.152). The rectal NTCP was found to be lower using IMPT (0.8 ± 0.7%) than using RapidArc (1.7 ± 0.7%) with P < 0.000.

Conclusion

Both IMPT and RapidArc techniques provided comparable mean and maximum PTV doses. For the rectum, IMPT produced better dosimetric results in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose regions and lower NTCP compared to RapidArc. For the bladder, the NTCP and dosimetric results in the high‐dose region were comparable in both sets of plans, whereas IMPT produced better dosimetric results in the low‐ and medium‐dose regions.
When perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior: A sensemaking perspective
Authors: Shin Shung Jae , Yuan Feirong , Zhou Jing
Published: May 2016

Building on the sensemaking perspective, we theorize and test conditions under which perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior. Using data consisting of 311 employee–supervisor pairs from two companies in China, we found that perceived innovation job requirement had a more positive relation with innovative behavior for employees with low intrinsic interest in innovation than for those with high intrinsic interest. In addition, this positive effect for low‐intrinsic‐interest employees was achieved only when these employees interpreted the job requirement as important either because performance‐reward expectancy was high or because perceived value for the organization was high. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Univariate and multi‐variate comparisons of protein and carbohydrate molecular structural conformations and their associations with nutritive factors in typical by‐products
Authors: Xin Hangshu , Qu Yongli , Wu Haonan , Yu Peiqiang , Zhang Yonggen
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Little attention has been paid on the inherent molecular structural effects among agricultural by‐products. In this study, soybean meal (SM), wheat bran (WB), corn distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), dry brewer's grain (DBG), wet brewer's grain (WBG), and apple pomace (AP), which are widely used in the animal industry were selected to explore protein and carbohydrate molecular structural conformations.

RESULTS

All the protein peak heights (including α‐helix and β‐sheet) and areas were exhibited highest values in SM and lowest in AP. The SM had the highest peak area intensity of cellulosic compounds (CELC), while the remaining varieties showed the lowest absorbance level. The TSCHO (sum of structural carbohydrate (SCHO) and CELC area exhibited variations among the samples. Multivariate comparisons showed AP had no molecular structural association with other by‐products within the protein amide region. Protein amides I, II and (I+II) areas, α‐helix, β‐sheet and area ratio of protein amide and (TSCHO + TCHO) had strong relationships with CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, SCP, starch, PC, CA, CC and TDN contents.

CONCLUSION

Inherent molecular structures varied among the selected by‐product types and they might be used as potential predictors of nutritive factors, especially for protein structural information. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Symbolic, Experiential and Functional Consumptions of Heritage Tourism Destinations: The Case of Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia
Authors: Chen Ching‐Fu , Leask Anna , Phou Sambath
Published: May 2016

This study empirically investigates the effects of three destination consumptions (namely symbolic, experiential and functional) on tourists' destination attachment and satisfaction, and further on destination loyalty at a heritage tourism destinations. Using a sample of 512 international tourists visiting Angkor, Cambodia, results reveal that all three types of consumptions have significantly positive effects on destination attachment and satisfaction, which in turn positively affect destination loyalty. However, the effects of symbolic consumption and experiential consumption are greater than that of functional consumption. The results also support the importance of the role of destination attachment in the quality–satisfaction–loyalty relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reproducing kernel algorithm for handling differential algebraic systems of ordinary differential equations
Authors: Arqub Omar Abu
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present analysis is to implement a relatively recent computational method, reproducing kernel Hilbert space, for obtaining the solutions of differential algebraic systems for ordinary differential equations. The reproducing kernel Hilbert space
is constructed in which the initial conditions of the systems are satisfied. While, two smooth kernel functions are used throughout the evolution of the algorithm in order to obtain the required grid points. An efficient construction is given to obtain the numerical solutions for the systems together with an existence proof of the exact solutions based upon the reproducing kernel theory. In this approach, computational results of some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the viability, simplicity, and applicability of the algorithm developed. Finally, the utilized results show that the present algorithm and simulated annealing provide a good scheduling methodology to such systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of ZrO2 on physico‐chemical properties of PVA/NaClO4 composites for energy storage applications
Authors: Naik Jagadish , Bhajantri R.F. , Sheela T. , Rathod Sunil G.
Published: May 2016

A novel polymer nano composite electrolyte composed of PVA polymer matrix with ZrO2 ceramic filler and NaClO4 salt was prepared by a solution casting. The characteristic properties of PVA/NaClO4 polymer composite electrolytes with ZrO2 filler were studied using FTIR, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), FESEM, DSC, AFM, AC impedance method, and cyclic voltammeter. The sample containing 3 wt% ZrO2 exhibits good mechanical strength, high conductivity, high dielectric constant and good electrochemical response at room temperature. The conduction mechanism of the composite can be represented by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model and the obtained frequency dependent S parameter obeys Almond—West Universal power law. Using Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) and Vogel Fulcher Tamman (VTF) equations equivalence correlated the dynamic fragility (m) and activation energy (Eg) with Tg of polymer composites. Transport parameters were calculated using Rice and Roth model. The cyclic voltamograms shows that the prepared films were Pseudo‐capacitive in nature. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1273–1282, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Techno‐economic analysis of three different substrate removal and reuse strategies for III‐V solar cells
Authors: Ward J. Scott , Remo Timothy , Horowitz Kelsey , Woodhouse Michael , Sopori Bhushan , VanSant Kaitlyn , Basore Paul
Published: May 2016

The high cost of wafers suitable for epitaxial deposition of III‐V solar cells has been a primary barrier to widespread use of these cells in low‐concentration and one‐sun terrestrial solar applications. A possible solution is to reuse the substrate many times, thus spreading its cost across many cells. We performed a bottom‐up techno‐economic analysis of three different strategies for substrate reuse in high‐volume manufacturing: epitaxial lift‐off, spalling, and the use of a porous germanium release layer. The analysis shows that the potential cost reduction resulting from substrate reuse is limited in all three strategies––not by the number of reuse cycles achievable, but by the costs that are incurred in each cycle to prepare the substrate for another epitaxial deposition. The dominant substrate‐preparation cost component is different for each of the three strategies, and the cost‐ranking of these strategies is subject to change if future developments substantially reduce the cost of epitaxial deposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body image and psychological distress in nipple‐sparing mastectomy: the roles of self‐compassion and appearance investment
Authors: Sherman K. A. , Woon S. , French J. , Elder E.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Women with breast cancer face threats to body image following surgery. Nipple‐sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (NSM + IBR) may minimise body image disturbance as this preserves the woman's skin and areola complex. We assessed levels of body image disturbance and psychological distress in women undergoing NSM + IBR. To further understand the body image–distress relationship, we investigated the potential moderating effect of self‐compassion and appearance investment on this relationship.

Methods

Women diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 75) who had undergone NSM + IBR completed online questionnaires including the Body Image Scale, general (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales) and cancer‐specific (Impact of Event Scale) psychological distress and Self‐Compassion Scale and Appearance Schemas Inventory – Revised.

Results

Mean general and cancer‐specific psychological distress scores were within normal ranges, and body image disturbance was moderately low. Body image was positively correlated with depression, stress, Impact of Event Scale scores and appearance investment and negatively correlated with self‐compassion. MANCOVA analyses indicated a significant moderating effect of self‐compassion and appearance investment on the body image disturbance–distress relationship (for depression, stress and intrusion), such that participants with high self‐compassion and low appearance investment experienced lower distress than individuals with low self‐compassion and high appearance investment.

Conclusions

Moderately low levels of psychological distress and body image disturbance suggest NSM + IBR may minimise adverse psychological impacts of mastectomy. Increased body image disturbance was associated with psychological distress and moderated by self‐compassion and appearance investment, suggesting a potential role for these characteristics as the focus of psychological interventions to minimise the negative impacts of mastectomy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of ethylene glycol on starch‐g‐PCL graft copolymer synthesis
Authors: Ramírez‐Hernández Aurelio , Mata‐Mata José L. , Aparicio‐Saguilán Alejandro , González‐García Gerardo , Hernández‐Mendoza Héctor , Gutiérrez‐Fuentes Alfredo , Báez‐García Eduardo
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the graft copolymer starch‐g‐PCL was carried out in a single phase, using molybdenum oxide as a catalyst, at a temperature of 150°C over a period of 24 h. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that the graft copolymer was successfully synthesized, obtaining an 84% conversion yield. The introduction of ethylene glycol to the reaction influences the copolymer synthesis, affecting conversion yields and the physicochemical properties of the resultant copolymer. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the copolymer crystallinity decreases as ethylene glycol concentration increases. An investigation of the thermal properties of the graft copolymer suggested that the decomposition temperature of the copolymer, compared to that of the homopolymer, decreases with exposure to ethylene glycol. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of clusters between the starch granules and the grafted copolymer due to the interaction of the hydroxyl groups of the starch and PCL.
Whole genome sequencing and its applications in medical genetics
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Wu Mengmeng , Chen Ting , Jiang Rui
Published: May 2016

Fundamental improvement was made for genome sequencing since the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) came out in the 2000s. The newer technologies make use of the power of massively‐parallel short‐read DNA sequencing, genome alignment and assembly methods to digitally and rapidly search the genomes on a revolutionary scale, which enable large‐scale whole genome sequencing (WGS) accessible and practical for researchers. Nowadays, whole genome sequencing is more and more prevalent in detecting the genetics of diseases, studying causative relations with cancers, making genome‐level comparative analysis, reconstruction of human population history, and giving clinical implications and instructions. In this review, we first give a typical pipeline of whole genome sequencing, including the lab template preparation, sequencing, genome assembling and quality control, variants calling and annotations. We compare the difference between whole genome and whole exome sequencing (WES), and explore a wide range of applications of whole genome sequencing for both mendelian diseases and complex diseases in medical genetics. We highlight the impact of whole genome sequencing in cancer studies, regulatory variant analysis, predictive medicine and precision medicine, as well as discuss the challenges of the whole genome sequencing.
Shouldice herniorrhaphy – still an effective technique: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karakose Oktay , Eken Huseyin
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Only 4.8% of general surgeons in our country prefer Shouldice herniorrhaphy in primary inguinal hernia repair. In the evaluation of postoperative complications, this technique, which has the closest results to Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy, could be the preferred method in selected cases of primary inguinal hernia repair. It does not only provide an alternative to the surgeon, but it can also be the first choice in cases where mesh repair cannot be applied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Shouldice herniorrhaphy in patients who got the primary inguinal hernia diagnosis, comparing Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy.

Patients and method:

Our study was done two-centred. We followed 48 patients who were operated with Lichtenstein technique for a diagnosis of primary inguinal hernia at the General Surgery Clinic of Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital between February 2011 and February 2014 and 42 patients who were applied Shouldice technique at Bulancak State Hospital General Surgery Department between January 2010 and February 2013. The patients were evaluated in respect of age, gender, hernia area, hernia type and early or late complications.

Findings:

In respect of early complications, urine retention developed in only 2 (4.7%) patients of the Shouldice group. In the Lichtenstein group, complications developed in a total of 3 (6.3%) patients, as superficial infection was observed in 1 patient, seroma in 1 and urinary retention in 1. When we searched late-stage complications of the patients, paraesthesia developed in the inguinal area of 1 (2.3%) patient in the Shouldice group, and neuralgia developed in 2 (4.1%) patients of the Lichtenstein group. No recurrence was determined in any of the patients.

Conclusion:

In the repair of inguinal hernia, surgeons should not be tied to just one method. Shouldice herniorrhaphy is a good technique that could be the first choice when the use of mesh is not possible and could be an alternative to Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy when done appropriately. In surgical training, it should be considered after the Lichtenstein method in primary inguinal hernia repair.

Highlights
The appointment of chief supply chain officers to top management teams: A contingency model of firm‐level antecedents and consequences
Authors: Roh Joseph , Krause Ryan , Swink Morgan
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the recent emergence of Chief Supply Chain Officers (CSCOs). Drawing on contingency theory, we analyze firm‐level antecedents and consequences associated with CSCOs being appointed to top management teams (TMTs). We conceptually develop the role of CSCOs and hypothesize that CSCOs are most likely to be appointed to TMTs at firms where supply chain‐related integration and differentiation pressures are high. The results from a matched sample of S&P 1500 firms over a 21‐year period reveal that financial leverage, internationalization, and diversification all predict CSCO appointment to the TMT. Our results also suggest that these same contingencies positively moderate the effect of CSCO presence on firm performance, with CSCOs proving beneficial when leverage, internationalization, and diversification levels are high, but detrimental when leverage, internationalization, and diversification are low. In addition, we find post‐hoc evidence that suggests institutional forces may also be a factor in CSCO appointments. Our results reveal that most of the contingency performance effects manifest only for early adopters of the CSCO role, suggesting that late‐mover elevation of the supply chain function to the TMT is a form of mimetic isomorphism. This study extends research on CSCOs and their emergence in TMTs, as well as the role of operations management in corporate strategy.
New Talent Signals: Shiny New Objects or a Brave New World?
Authors: Chamorro-Premuzic Tomas , Winsborough Dave , Sherman Ryne A. , Hogan Robert
Published: May 2016

Almost 20 years after McKinsey introduced the idea of a war for talent, technology is disrupting the talent identification industry. From smartphone profiling apps to workplace big data, the digital revolution has produced a wide range of new tools for making quick and cheap inferences about human potential and predicting future work performance. However, academic industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists appear to be mostly spectators. Indeed, there is little scientific research on innovative assessment methods, leaving human resources (HR) practitioners with no credible evidence to evaluate the utility of such tools. To this end, this article provides an overview of new talent identification tools, using traditional workplace assessment methods as the organizing framework for classifying and evaluating new tools, which are largely technologically enhanced versions of traditional methods. We highlight some opportunities and challenges for I-O psychology practitioners interested in exploring and improving these innovations.
Representation through the eyes of the voter: a cost-benefit analysis of European integration
Authors: Borz Gabriela
Published: May 2016

This article explains variation in the quality of representation in the context of European Parliament elections. Specifically, it clarifies how voters relate to political parties on the issue of European integration and whether they are represented, misrepresented, or indifferent to this issue. The analysis shows that perceived benefits of European integration do drive a perfect voter-party match while perceived costs, when high, drive a perfect match between Eurosceptic voters and likeminded parties and make voters less indifferent. The analysis draws attention to the high number ofstatus quovoters who, in the absence of a party with similar views, could channel their vote towards a party promoting integration, but only if their knowledge about the EU and its benefits increases.
The Erotic Political Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Boucher Joanne
Published: May 2016

In this article I engage with recent scholarly commentary concerning the realm of human sexuality in the work of Thomas Hobbes. This has, perhaps unsurprisingly, been a neglected area of enquiry given the paucity of Hobbes's analysis of this aspect of the human passions. I argue that this new field of enquiry is to be welcomed as it allows us to explore and understand Hobbes as a fully erotic philosopher. Moreover, his erotic philosophy is best understood through the prism of his thorough-going materialism.
Social Networks and Regional Identity in Bronze Age Italy, by Emma Blake, 2014. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; ISBN 978-1-107-06320-4 hardback £65 & $99; xiv + 325 pp., 41 figs, 15 tables – ERRATUM
Authors: Iacono Francesco
Published: May 2016

In the above book review (Iacono 2016) published in 26.2 (pp. 372–4), several author's corrections were missed throughout. The press apologises for any confusion caused by this error.

The correct version of the book review follows this notice.
CHARLES RICHARD DE BUTRÉ: AN ECONOMIST IN THE SHADOW OF FRANÇOIS QUESNAY
Authors: Charles Loïc , Théré Christine
Published: May 2016

From 1759 to 1762, François Quesnay regularly appealed to Charles Richard de Butré (1725–1805) when he had to make numerical estimates or perform non-elementary computations (Charles and Théré 2008). Although scarcely mentioned in the secondary literature, Butré was indeed an important collaborator of Quesnay’s. The present article gives a detailed account of Butré’s contribution to Physiocracy by concentrating on the period from 1766 to 1768, when Quesnay conceived and published his last versions of theTableau économique. We show that Butré developed a sophisticated economic model. Although his model contains significant deviations from Quesnay’s, Butré’s intent was to complement rather than criticize it.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS FROM THE SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT TO CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS
Authors: Dang Ai-Thu
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we show that some theoretical continuities exist between the approaches of Bernard Mandeville, Adam Ferguson, and Adam Smith to the division of labor and the contemporary analyses of technical change and economic dynamics, which consider innovation as a process of technological creation. We thus offer a further exploration of the origins of evolutionary ideas in the history of evolutionary economics. Second, despite the existence of these theoretical continuities, we highlight the differences between the Scottish Enlightenment authors and the modern evolutionary economists on the issue of temporality and the place of history in their reflections.
Another gastroenteritis?
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Necek Magdalena , Changjin Qu
Published: May 2016

Schon wieder eine Gastroenteritis?

Zusammenfassung. Pfortaderthrombose (PVT) ist eine wichtige, aber oft verzögerte oder verfehlte Differenzialdiagnose bei Patienten mit Bauchschmerzen. In diesem Fallbericht präsentieren wir einen zuvor gesunden 42-jährigen Patienten mit über fünf Tage anhaltenden Schmerzen im Oberbauch. PVT ist eine häufige Komplikation bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose, jedoch ungewöhnlich bei sonst gesunden Menschen. Genmutationen, die zu einer Hyperkoagulabilität mit thrombotischen Ereignissen im Pfortadersystem und damit zu Koagulopathien führen, müssen als mögliche Ursachen in Betracht gezogen werden. Pfortaderthrombosen sollten daher mit subakuten Bauchschmerzen in Verbindung gebracht werden. Myeloproliferative Neoplasien (MPN), paroxysmale nächtliche Hämoglobinurie (PNH) und das Antiphospholipid-Antikörper-Syndrom sollten differenzialdiagnostisch als Grunderkrankungen berücksichtigt werden.
Upcoming Leadership Elections
Authors: Finn Carol
Published: May 2016

The American Geophysical Union announces the full slate of leadership candidates. Voting will open 29 August.
A microfluidics-based in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface
Authors: Shah Pranjul , Fritz Joëlle V. , Glaab Enrico , Desai Mahesh S. , Greenhalgh Kacy , Frachet Audrey , Niegowska Magdalena , Estes Matthew , Jäger Christian , Seguin-Devaux Carole , Zenhausern Frederic , Wilmes Paul
Published: May 2016

Changes in the human gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with several diseases. To infer causality, experiments in representative models are essential, but widely used animal models exhibit limitations. Here we present a modular, microfluidics-based model (HuMiX, human–microbial crosstalk), which allows co-culture of human and microbial cells under conditions representative of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface. We demonstrate the ability of HuMiX to recapitulatein vivotranscriptional, metabolic and immunological responses in human intestinal epithelial cells following their co-culture with the commensalLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) grown under anaerobic conditions. In addition, we show that the co-culture of human epithelial cells with the obligate anaerobeBacteroides caccaeand LGG results in a transcriptional response, which is distinct from that of a co-culture solely comprising LGG. HuMiX facilitates investigations of host–microbe molecular interactions and provides insights into a range of fundamental research questions linking the gastrointestinal microbiome to human health and disease.
Correction: Corrigendum: HSP90 regulates temperature-dependent seedling growth in Arabidopsis by stabilizing the auxin co-receptor F-box protein TIR1
Authors: Wang Renhou , Zhang Yi , Kieffer Martin , Yu Hong , Kepinski Stefan , Estelle Mark
Published: May 2016

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 10269 (2016); Published: 5 January 2016; Updated: 11 May 2016 This Article contains errors in the labelling of the x axis in Supplementary Figure 3 (lower panel). The x axis in this panel should have been labelled ‘22 °C Mock; 22 °C GDA; 29 °C Mock; 29 °C GDA’.
FetalQuantSD: accurate quantification of fetal DNA fraction by shallow-depth sequencing of maternal plasma DNA
Authors: Jiang Peiyong , Peng Xianlu , Su Xiaoxi , Sun Kun , Yu Stephanie C Y , Chu Weng In , Leung Tak Y , Sun Hao , Chiu Rossa W K , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Chan Kwan Chee Allen
Published: May 2016

Noninvasive prenatal testing using massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA has been rapidly adopted in clinical use worldwide. Fetal DNA fraction in a maternal plasma sample is an important parameter for accurate interpretations of these tests. However, there is a lack of methods involving low-sequencing depth and yet would allow a robust and accurate determination of fetal DNA fraction in maternal plasma for all pregnancies. In this study, we have developed a new method to accurately quantify the fetal DNA fraction by analysing the maternal genotypes and sequencing data of maternal plasma DNA. Fetal DNA fraction was calculated based on the proportion of non-maternal alleles at single-nucleotide polymorphisms where the mother is homozygous. This new approach achieves a median deviation of 0.6% between predicted fetal DNA fraction and the actual fetal DNA fraction using as low as 0.03-fold sequencing coverage of the human genome. We believe that this method will further enhance the clinical interpretations of noninvasive prenatal testing using genome-wide random sequencing.
Positive to negative zero-field cooled exchange bias in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics
Authors: Shang Cui , Guo Shaopu , Wang Ruilong , Sun Zhigang , Xiao Haibo , Xu Lingfang , Yang Changping , Xia Zhengcai
Published: May 2016

Exchange bias effect obtained after zero-field cooling from unmagnetized state usually exhibits a shift of hysteresis loop negative to the direction of the initial magnetic field, known as negative zero-field cooled exchange bias. Here, positive zero-field cooled exchange bias is reported in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics. In addition, a transition from positive to negative exchange bias has been observed with increasing initial magnetization field and measurement temperature. Based on a simple spin bidomain model with variable interface, two type of interfacial spin configuration formed during the initial magnetization process are proposed to interpret the observed phenomenon.
Plant microRNAs as novel immunomodulatory agents
Authors: Cavalieri Duccio , Rizzetto Lisa , Tocci Noemi , Rivero Damariz , Asquini Elisa , Si-Ammour Azeddine , Bonechi Elena , Ballerini Clara , Viola Roberto
Published: May 2016

An increasing body of literature is addressing the immuno-modulating functions of miRNAs which include paracrine signaling via exosome-mediated intercellular miRNA. In view of the recent evidence of intake and bioavailability of dietary miRNAs in humans and animals we explored the immuno-modulating capacity of plant derived miRNAs. Here we show that transfection of synthetic miRNAs or native miRNA-enriched fractions obtained from a wide range of plant species and organs modifies dendritic cells ability to respond to inflammatory agents by limiting T cell proliferation and consequently dampening inflammation. This immuno-modulatory effect appears associated with binding of plant miRNA on TLR3 with ensuing impairment of TRIF signaling. Similarly, in vivo, plant small RNAs reduce the onset of severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelities by limiting dendritic cell migration and dampening Th1 and Th17 responses in a Treg-independent manner. Our results indicate a potential for therapeutic use of plant miRNAs in the prevention of chronic-inflammation related diseases.
Extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL-8 production in human pancreatic β cells
Authors: Chandra Vikash , Karamitri Angeliki , Richards Paul , Cormier Françoise , Ramond Cyrille , Jockers Ralf , Armanet Mathieu , Albagli-Curiel Olivier , Scharfmann Raphael
Published: May 2016

Acute or chronic metabolic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis are often associated with extracellular acidification and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which human β-cells sense and respond to acidic pH remain elusive. In this study, using the recently developed human β-cell line EndoC-βH2, we demonstrate that β-cells respond to extracellular acidification through GPR68, which is the predominant proton sensing receptor of human β-cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we provide evidence that the β-cell enriched transcription factor RFX6 is a major regulator of GPR68. Further, we show that acidic pH stimulates the production and secretion of the chemokine IL-8 by β-cells through NF-кB activation. Blocking of GPR68 or NF-кB activity severely attenuated acidification induced IL-8 production. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights into GPR68 mediated β-cell response to acidic microenvironment, which could be a new target to protect β-cell against acidosis induced inflammation.
Transition metal coordination complexes of chrysazin
Authors: Beldon Patrick J. , Henke Sebastian , Monserrat Bartomeu , Tominaka Satoshi , Stock Norbert , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: May 2016

Eleven novel coordination compounds, composed of chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and different first-row transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), were synthesised and the structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Active Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 or Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 administration positively influences liver fatty acid composition in mice on a HFD regime
Authors: Ivanovic Nevena , Minic Rajna , Djuricic Ivana , Radojevic Skodric Sanja , Zivkovic Irena , Sobajic Sladjana , Djordjevic Brizita
Published: May 2016

Active administration of Lactobacilli positively influences liver fatty acid composition in mice on a HFD regime.
Extraction and purification of phytol from Abutilon indicum: cytotoxic and apoptotic activity
Authors: Thakor Parth , Mehta Japan B. , Patel Ravi R. , Patel Disha D. , Subramanian Ramalingam B. , Thakkar Vasudev R.
Published: May 2016

Abutilon indicumis widely used as a medicinal plant in Indian system of medicine. In the present study, we have evaluated the apoptosis inducing ability of leaf extract ofA. indicum.
A FT-NIR spectroscopy methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of the bullet impact surface
Authors: Sarraguça Jorge M. G. , Lima Catarina , Machado Filipe , Lopes João A. , Almeida Agostinho , Fernandes Luís , Magalhães Teresa , Santos Agostinho
Published: May 2016

Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy is proposed as a new methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of organic components of gunshot residues.
Use of fluorescence signals generated by elastic scattering under monochromatic incident light for determining the scattering efficiencies of various plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Song Ji Eun , Park Ji Hoon , La Ju A. , Park Seyeon , Jeong Min Kuk , Cho Eun Chul
Published: May 2016

Fluorescence signals generated by elastic scattering under monochromatic incident light are useful for determining scattering efficiencies of various plasmonic nanoparticles.
NMR detection in biofluid extracts at sub-μM concentrations via para-H2 induced hyperpolarization
Authors: Reile I. , Eshuis N. , Hermkens N. K. J. , van Weerdenburg B. J. A. , Feiters M. C. , Rutjes F. P. J. T. , Tessari M.
Published: May 2016

A combination of solid phase extraction, para-hydrogen induced hyperpolarization and selective NMR detection allows the quantitative determination of a doping substance at sub-μM concentrations in urine.
Highly sensitive detection of cancer-related genes based on complete fluorescence restoration of a molecular beacon with a functional overhang
Authors: Li Feng , Zhou Ying-Ying , Peng Ting , Xu Huo , Zhang Rong-Bo , Zhao Hui , Wang Zheng-yong , Lv Jian-Xin , Wu Zai-Sheng , Shen Zhi-Fa
Published: May 2016

A overhang-contained molecular beacon-based sensing system was developed for cancer gene diagnosisviaexecuting cyclical nucleic acid strand-displacement polymerization and complete restoration of the quenched fluorescence.
Influence of nucleobase stoichiometry on the self-assembly of ABC triblock copolymers
Authors: Zhang Keren , Talley Samantha J. , Yu Ya Peng , Moore Robert B. , Murayama Mitsuhiro , Long Timothy E.
Published: May 2016

ABC triblock copolymers bearing adenine- and thymine-functionalized external blocks self-assembled into long-range, ordered lamellar microphase-separated morphologies on non-patterned substrates.
Can betaine pyridinium derivatives be used to control the photoejection of cation?
Authors: Aloïse S. , Ruan Y. , Hamdi I. , Tiwari A. K. , Buntinx G. , Azarias C. , Perrier A. , Leray I.
Published: May 2016

Using a combination of advanced DFT/TDDFT calculations together with ultrafast and stationary spectroscopies we have investigated the photochemistry and cationic complexation ability of 1-pyridinio-benzimidazolate (PyB) and analogs substituted by 15-aza-5-crown or dimethyl-amino groups.
Exfoliated β-Ga2O3 nano-belt field-effect transistors for air-stable high power and high temperature electronics
Authors: Kim Janghyuk , Oh Sooyeoun , Mastro Michael A. , Kim Jihyun
Published: May 2016

Exfoliated β-Ga2O3 nano-belt field-effect transistors for air-stable high power and high temperature electronics have been demonstrated.
Versatile nanoporous bimetallic phosphides towards electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Tan Yongwen , Wang Hao , Liu Pan , Shen Yuhao , Cheng Chun , Hirata Akihiko , Fujita Takeshi , Tang Zheng , Chen Mingwei
Published: May 2016

Nanoporous bimetallic (Co1−xFex)2P phosphides with tuneable Co/Fe ratios exhibit versatile catalytic activities for highly efficient electrochemical water splitting.
Electrochemistry of single nanobubbles. Estimating the critical size of bubble-forming nuclei for gas-evolving electrode reactions
Authors: German Sean R. , Edwards Martin A. , Chen Qianjin , Liu Yuwen , Luo Long , White Henry S.
Published: May 2016

In this article, we address the fundamental question: “What is the critical size of a single cluster of gas molecules that grows and becomes a stable (or continuously growing) gas bubble during gas evolving reactions?” Electrochemical reactions that produce dissolved gas molecules are ubiquitous in electrochemical technologies,e.g., water electrolysis, photoelectrochemistry, chlorine production, corrosion, and often lead to the formation of gaseous bubbles. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical measurements of the dissolved gas concentration, at the instant prior to nucleation of an individual nanobubble of H2, N2, or O2at a Pt nanodisk electrode, can be analyzed using classical thermodynamic relationships (Henry's law and the Young–Laplace equation – including non-ideal corrections) to provide an estimate of the size of the gas bubble nucleus that grows into a stable bubble. We further demonstrate that this critical nucleus size is independent of the radius of the Pt nanodisk employed (<100 nm radius), and weakly dependent on the nature of the gas. For example, the measured critical surface concentration of H2of ∼0.23 M at the instant of bubble formation corresponds to a critical H2nucleus that has a radius of ∼3.6 nm, an internal pressure of ∼350 atm, and contains ∼1700 H2molecules. The data are consistent with stochastic fluctuations in the density of dissolved gas, at or near the Pt/solution interface, controlling the rate of bubble nucleation. We discuss the growth of the nucleus as a diffusion-limited process and how that process is affected by proximity to an electrode producing ∼1011gas molecules per second. Our study demonstrates the advantages of studying a single-entity,i.e., an individual nanobubble, in understanding and quantifying complex physicochemical phenomena.
The role of starch and saliva in tribology studies and the sensory perception of protein-added yogurts
Authors: Morell Pere , Chen Jianshe , Fiszman Susana
Published: May 2016

Increasing the protein content of yogurts would be a good strategy for enhancing their satiating ability.
Cellular imaging and mitochondria targeted photo-cytotoxicity in visible light by singlet oxygen using a BODIPY-appended oxovanadium(iv) DNA crosslinking agent
Authors: Kumar Arun , Dixit Akanksha , Banerjee Samya , Bhattacharyya Arnab , Garai Aditya , Karande Anjali A. , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: May 2016

Targeted PDT by1O2at mtDNA crosslinking site of a BODIPY-appended VO2+complex in visible light.
Self-assembled reduced graphene hydrogels by facile chemical reduction using acetaldehyde oxime for electrode materials in supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Man , Zhang Jing-Li , Qiao Fei , Zhang Rui-Ying , Xing Ling-Bao , Zhou Jin , Cui Hongyou , Zhuo Shuping
Published: May 2016

Self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene hydrogels (RGHs) were fabricated by the facile chemical reduction of a graphene oxide (GO) dispersion with ammonia using acetaldehyde oxime as reducing and doping agent.
Fabrication and electrochemical performance of novel hollow microporous carbon nanospheres
Authors: Chen Luyi , Liang Yeru , Liu Hao , Mai Weicong , Lin Zhiyong , Xu Hongji , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai
Published: May 2016

A new class of hollow microporous carbon nanospheres with good electrochemical performances was fabricated through a facile hypercrosslinking strategy.
Structure evolution, amorphization and nucleation studies of carbon-lean to -rich SiBCN powder blends prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Li Daxin , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Wang Shengjin , Duan Xiaoming , Liang Bin , Zhu Qishuai , Zhou Yu
Published: May 2016

Carbon strongly impacts microstructure evolution, amorphization and nucleation of SiBCN ceramics revealing an intense relationship between chemistry and final structure.
Studies on the magnetoelastic and magnetocaloric properties of Yb1−xMgxMnO3 using neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements
Authors: Sattibabu Bhumireddi , Bhatnagar A. K. , Vinod K. , Rayaprol S. , Mani Awadhesh , Siruguri V. , Das D.
Published: May 2016

We report the magnetic ordering and magnetoelastic coupling of polycrystalline hexagonal Yb1−xMgxMnO3 (x = 0.00 and 0.05) compounds by using neutron diffraction measurements.
Capturing red blood cells from the blood by lectin recognition on a glycopolymer-patterned surface
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Shi Qiang , Hou Jianwen , Xin Zhirong , Jin Jing , Li Chunming , Wong Shing-Chung , Yin Jinghua
Published: May 2016

A glycopolymer-patterned surface selectively captures red blood cells from the blood by lectin recognition in a harmless manner.
Thermochromic VO2 films from ammonium citrato-oxovanadate(iv) with excellent optical and phase transition properties
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tian Hong , Hao Liang , Jin Xin , Yang Chunming , Wang Jing , Cui Xinmin , Wang Conghui , Zhang Ce , Zhang Cong , Xu Yao
Published: May 2016

Thermochromic VO2 film with excellent optical and phase transition properties was successfully fabricated from newly synthesized ammonium citrato-oxovanadate(iv).
Manipulation of electrical characteristics of non-volatile transistor-type memory devices through the acceptor strength of donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers
Authors: Lu Chien , Lee Wen-Ya , Chen Wen-Chang
Published: May 2016

The acceptor strength of a donor–acceptor copolymer manipulates not only the electron mobility but also the memory behavior of polymer-based non-volatile memory devices.
Compact low‐power instant store and restore D flip‐flop using a self‐complementing spintronic device
Authors: Pyle S.D. , Li H. , DeMara R.F.
Published: May 2016

To simplify power‐gating requirements in ultra‐low‐power architectures, design strategies for low‐power non‐volatile flip‐flops (F/Fs) are sought, for which the utilisation of spintronic devices offers a promising option. A D F/F that utilises a five‐terminal spintronic device for non‐volatile state holding in an intrinsically self‐complementing fashion is introduced. This self‐complementing device can be exploited to reduce overhead interfacing circuitry in order to realise a compact ten transistors with one spintronic device D F/F with instant store and restore functionality, while consuming <9 µW of power.
Improved lattice reduction‐aided linear precoding in MIMO systems with limited feedback
Authors: Jiang Hua , Shen Lizhen , Wang Tianjing , Liu Guoqing
Published: May 2016

An approach of scaling and shifting constellation for MIMO lattice reduction(LR)‐aided precoding is proposed. The proposed scheme is beneficial to improve the performance in terms of both BER and ergodic capacity. The feedback is a Gaussian integer matrix in which the entries are preserved in a region with respect to modulo operation. Then, the amount of feedback information is reduced significantly. Simulation results show that the LR‐aided precoding scheme using the improved version of the constellation apparently improves system performance.