bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar System Elemental Abundances from the Solar Photosphere and CI-Chondrites
Authors: Lodders K. , Bergemann M. , Palme H.
Published: February 2025

Solar photospheric abundances and CI-chondrite compositions are reviewed and updated to obtain representative solar system abundances of the elements and their isotopes. The new photospheric abundances obtained here lead to higher solar metallicity. Full 3D NLTE photospheric analyses are only available for 11 elements. A quality index for analyses is introduced. For several elements, uncertainties remain large. Protosolar mass fractions are H (X = 0.7060), He (Y = 0.2753), and for metals Li to U (Z = 0.0187). The protosolar (C+N)/H agrees within 13% with the ratio for the solar core from the Borexino experiment. Elemental abundances in CI-chondrites were screened by analytical methods, sample sizes, and evaluated using concentration frequency distributions. Aqueously mobile elements (e.g., alkalis, alkaline earths, etc.) often deviate from normal distributions indicating mobilization and/or sequestration into carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. Revised CI-chondrite abundances of non-volatile elements are similar to earlier estimates. The moderately volatile elements F and Sb are higher than before, as are C, Br and I, whereas the CI-abundances of Hg and N are now significantly lower. The solar system nuclide distribution curves of s-process elements agree within 4% with s-process predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models. P-process nuclide distributions are assessed. No obvious correlation of CI-chondritic to solar elemental abundance ratios with condensation temperatures is observed, nor is there one for ratios of CI-chondrites/solar wind abundances.
Past, Present, and Future of Fe-Mg Bioresorbable Alloys for Medical Applications
Authors: Estrada Rafael Guillermo , Fagali Natalia S. , Multigner Marta , Lieblich Marcela
Published: February 2025

The search for biocompatible and bioabsorbable metallic materials for temporary medical implants dates back to the late nineteenth century. Interest in these materials arises from their potential social and medical benefits. However, extensive research did not start until the early twentieth century, primarily focusing on magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) as biocompatible and biodegradable base metals. In this work, we explore the combination of two of these metals, Fe and Mg, and the opportunity to investigate Fe-Mg alloys as potential candidates for biomedical applications through a review of their development from their initial production to the present, as well as their future prospects. A distinctive characteristic of Fe-Mg systems is their mutual immiscibility in thermodynamic equilibrium, which poses significant processing challenges and explains why Fe-Mg alloys have been relatively unexplored. However, it is precisely this immiscibility that offers the opportunity to achieve a metastable state that potentiates degradation. As evidenced by the review of recent research on bioabsorbable Fe-Mg alloys developed specifically for biomedical applications, given their promising properties and potential applications, a more comprehensive exploration of this alloy system appears warranted.
Support of extremal doubly stochastic arrays
Authors: Etkind Mark Mordechai , Lev Nir
Published: February 2025

An n × m array with nonnegative entries is called doubly stochastic if the sum of its entries at each row is m and at each column is n. The set of all n × m doubly stochastic arrays is a convex polytope with finitely many extremal points. The main result of this paper characterizes the possible sizes of the supports of all extremal n × m doubly stochastic arrays. In particular we prove that the minimal size of the support of an n × m doubly stochastic array is n + m − gcd(n, m). Moreover, for m = kn + 1 we also characterize the structure of the support of the extremal arrays.
Soziale Arbeit und Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Eick Johannes , Hollenbach Pia , Kaschlik Anke , Schmelz Andrea , Schmitt Caroline , Wezel Katharina
Published: February 2025

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutsamkeit sozialarbeiterischer Konzepte und Wissensbestände für die Katastrophenhilfe auseinander. Er gibt einen Einblick in das internationale Sendai Framework Abkommen, die Deutsche Resilienzstrategie und die Strukturen von Disaster Risk Reduction und Management. In einem weiteren Schritt verknüpft der Beitrag diese Zugänge mit dem internationalen Konzept von Green Social Work und plädiert unter Einbezug professionalitätstheoretischer Überlegungen für eine systematische Verankerung der Sozialen Arbeit in den Strukturen der Katastrophenhilfe.
Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Psychological and Demographic Factors
Authors: Marculescu Bogdan , Brancu Laura , Noja Grațiela Georgiana , Cristea Simona Mirela , Pantea Marius Ioan
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the global landscape, introducing unprecedented levels of uncertainty that widely shaped the business environment and entrepreneurial intentions. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between key psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial intention and how they were affected during the pandemic, opening new avenues for potential young entrepreneurs. The study proposes a novel model incorporating self-efficacy, curiosity, and willingness to take risks, as crucial nexus in the evolving landscape of the knowledge economy. We also consider these factors to align with the framework of uncertainty management theory, representing a unique combination of individual characteristics that influence entrepreneurial intention to maximize the benefits arising from the pandemic crisis. Data obtained from 247 Romanian respondents were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Structural equation modeling was further employed to capture the direct, indirect, and total inferences among the constructs of our model. The findings highlight that individuals who combine curiosity with a willingness to take risks are more likely to foster entrepreneurial intention even in a crisis period. We found a significant but negative relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, a result that deserves deeper future investigations. At the same time, the article considers a series of demographic variables that have not been studied before to explain entrepreneurial intention. The results obtained are new and interesting and open up new avenues of study regarding the role of family, especially the mother (as part of social capital), in the entrepreneurial decision.
Scalable Electrocatalytic Urea Wastewater Treatment Coupled with Hydrogen Production by Regulating Adsorption Behavior of Urea Molecule
Authors: Yang Chunming , Pang Huijuan , Li Xiang , Zheng Xueyan , Wei Tingting , Ma Xu , Wang Qi , Wang Chuantao , Wang Danjun , Xu Bin
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalytic urea wastewater treatment technology has emerged as a promising method for environmental remediation. However, the realization of highly efficient and scalable electrocatalytic urea wastewater treatment (SEUWT) is still an enormous challenge. Herein, through regulating the adsorption behavior of urea functional groups, the efficient SEUWT coupled hydrogen production is realized in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Density functional theory calculations indicate that self-driven electron transfer at the heterogeneous interface (NiO/Co3O4) can induce charge redistribution, resulting in electron-rich NiO and electron-deficient Co3O4, which are superior to adsorbing C=O (electron-withdrawing group) and –NH2 (electron-donating group), respectively, regulating the adsorption behavior of urea molecule and accelerating the reaction kinetics of urea oxidation. This viewpoint is further verified by temperature-programmed desorption experiments. The SEUWT coupled hydrogen production in AEMWE assembled with NiO/Co3O4 (anode) and NiCoP (cathode) can continuously treat urea wastewater at an initial current density of 600 mA cm−2, with the average urea treatment efficiency about 53%. Compared with overall water splitting, the H2 production rate (8.33 mmol s−1) increases by approximately 3.5 times. This work provides a cost-effective strategy for scalable purifying urea-rich wastewater and energy-saving hydrogen production.
Comparing Large Language Model AI and Human-Generated Coaching Messages for Behavioral Weight Loss
Authors: Huang Zhuoran , Berry Michael P. , Chwyl Christina , Hsieh Gary , Wei Jing , Forman Evan M.
Published: February 2025

Automated coaching messages for weight control can save time and costs, but their repetitive, generic nature may limit their effectiveness compared to human coaching. Large language model (LLM) based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, like ChatGPT, could offer more personalized and novel messages to address repetition with their data-processing abilities. While LLM AI demonstrates promise to encourage healthier lifestyles, studies have yet to examine the feasibility and acceptability of LLM-based BWL coaching. Eighty-seven adults in a weight-loss trial (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) rated ten coaching messages’ helpfulness (five human-written, five ChatGPT-generated) using a 5-point Likert scale, providing additional open-ended feedback to justify their ratings. Participants also identified which messages they believed were AI-generated. The evaluation occurred in two phases: messages in Phase 1 were perceived as impersonal and negative, prompting revisions for messages in Phase 2. In Phase 1, AI-generated messages were rated less helpful than human-written ones, with 66% receiving a helpfulness rating of 3 or higher. However, in Phase 2, the AI messages matched the human-written ones regarding helpfulness, with 82% scoring three or above. Additionally, 50% were misidentified as human-written, suggesting AI’s sophistication in mimicking human-generated content. A thematic analysis of open-ended feedback revealed that participants appreciated AI’s empathy and personalized suggestions but found them more formulaic, less authentic, and too data-focused. This study reveals the preliminary feasibility and perceived helpfulness of LLM AIs, like ChatGPT, in crafting potentially effective weight control coaching messages. Our findings also underscore areas for future enhancement.
Sub-3 nm Pt3Ni nanoparticles for urea-assisted water splitting
Authors: Lu Shun , Zheng Xingqun , Jiang Kaixin , Wang Qingmei , Wang Xingzu , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Yin Fengjun , Xu Ben Bin , Hua Qingsong , Liu Hong
Published: February 2025

The development of durable efficient electrocatalysts is crucial to alleviate the sluggish kinetics of electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for energy-saving water splitting. Small Pt-based intermetallic compounds exhibit promising characteristics as UOR catalysts due to their distinctive electronic and geometric structures. This work reported a surfactant-assisted shape evolution method for the controlled synthesis of sub-3 nm Pt3Ni nanoparticles on carbon black to achieve efficient electrocatalytic UOR. The synthesized catalyst features a uniform dodecahedral structure, maximizing Ni utilization and providing multiple active sites for UOR. The Pt3Ni catalyst displays the lower working potential of 1.44 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming Pt/C (1.78 V) at 10 mA cm−2, with a smaller Tafel slope of 78.1 mV dec−1, while maintaining exceptional stability during 100 h of continuous urea-assisted water electrolysis. Notably, UOR-boosted system needs only 1.36 V for 10 mA cm−2, significantly lower than the 1.62 V required for traditional water splitting, highlighting its energy-efficient potential for H2 production. Furthermore, theoretical studies indicate that Pt3Ni(111) facilitates the adsorption and activation of urea molecules more effectively than Pt(111), avoiding competition from hydroxyl adsorption. The unique polyhedron structure of the sub-3 nm Pt3Ni catalyst provides the catalytic active dual-sites, further promoting urea interaction. To the best of knowledge, this study represents the first report of Pt-M materials being utilized for the UOR, thereby expanding the application range of Pt-based alloys in urea electrocatalysis.
A comprehensive review of transcription factor-mediated regulation of secondary metabolites in plants under environmental stress
Authors: Rabeh Karim , Hnini Mohamed , Oubohssaine Malika
Published: February 2025

Plants encounter a wide range of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses throughout their lifespan. To adapt and survive, they have evolved complex defense mechanisms that involve the production of secondary metabolites (SMs), which play critical roles in enhancing plant resilience. These bioactive compounds function as deterrents to herbivores, barriers against pathogens, and protectants against oxidative stress. Plants regulate the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) in response to various environmental factors such as drought, salinity, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation. These stress conditions can significantly alter SM levels as part of the plant's adaptive response. Transcription factors (TFs) are essential mediators in this process, regulating gene expression involved in SM biosynthesis. By interacting with various signaling pathways, TFs fine-tune the plant's defense mechanisms, ensuring the timely accumulation of specific SMs that mitigate stress impacts. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the influence of environmental factors on SM accumulation in plants under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, we thoroughly discuss the roles of key TFs—including AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, and NAC—in regulating SM biosynthesis, highlighting their contributions to the plant's ability to withstand and adapt to stress.
TEXT, CONTEXT, AND IMAGE: TAKING ANOTHER LOOK AT THE UBĀNA TARĀṢU GESTURE
Authors: Portuese Ludovico
Published: February 2025

The gesture of the pointing finger performed by the Assyrian king and, sometimes, his officials and depicted on several monuments is commonly labelled by scholars as ubāna tarāṣu (to extend the finger and point), and variously interpreted as a gesture of homage, or prayer, or adoration to the deities. The article questions this generally accepted reading and proposes to interpret the pointing finger gesture as a simple deictic gesture, thus deprived of any religious connotation. It is concluded that the gesture had not intrinsic meaning but was intentionally used to point at and highlight important elements outside the monument or within the carved inscription or the image.
Is dissociation predicting the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD? Results from a randomized controlled trial comparing Dialectical Behavior Therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
Authors: Kleindienst Nikolaus , Steil Regina , Priebe Kathlen , Müller-Engelmann Meike , Lindauer Petra , Krause-Utz Annegret , Friedmann Franziska , Schmahl Christian , Enning Frank , Bohus Martin
Published: February 2025

Background

Neuropsychological evidence suggests that dissociation might disturb emotional learning, which is a fundamental mechanism of psychotherapy. However, a recent meta-analysis on the impact of dissociation on treatment outcomes in psychotherapy trials for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported inconsistent results and concluded that further high-quality clinical trials are needed to test whether dissociation affects the efficacy of psychotherapies. We had two main aims: First, to test whether the efficacy of two evidence-based psychotherapies for individuals with trauma-related PTSD is affected by the level of pretreatment dissociation. Second, we investigated whether a significant reduction in dissociation at an early stage of treatment is beneficial for subsequent efficacy.

Methods

The potential impact of dissociation on efficacy was studied in 193 women with PTSD related to childhood abuse who were randomized to dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) or cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Efficacy was operationalized as a change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Dissociation was assessed with the Dissociation Tension Scale (DSS). The analyses accounted for major confounders (in particular initial PTSD severity).

Results

Two main findings emerged from this study. First, baseline dissociation was a negative predictor for treatment efficacy. Second, a significant drop in dissociation at the initial stages of treatment was beneficial for subsequent efficacy.

Conclusions

Dissociation likely reduces the efficacy of trauma-focused therapies. Accordingly, successful reduction of dissociation at an early stage of treatment assists the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies.
The Tangut verbal template from a cross-West Gyalrongic perspective
Authors: Beaudouin Mathieu
Published: February 2025

The past decade has seen an increase in attention to Tangut, an extinct Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the rulers of the Western Xia xīxià 西夏 empire. The question of its classification has become a subject of discussion especially since the documentation of its closest relatives came to light recently. The present paper builds on the study of the Tangut verb template by Jacques (2011) to question the place of Tangut with regard to the Horpa languages (Beaudouin 2023b). By doing so, it identifies a phenomenon of attraction encompassing synchronic and diachronic analysis and proposes that verbal templatic morphology in West Gyalrongic is nuclear.
Social factors associated with everyday functioning in older Black adults
Authors: Davis Katrail , Calamia Matthew
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Independence in everyday functioning has been associated with successful aging and declines in functioning may be indicative of pathological cognitive decline. Social determinants of health, like economic status and access to health care, a]lso play a role in everyday functioning. Understanding these factors are of particular importance for older Black adults who have had long-standing disparate access to care, education, and treatments. The current study aimed to evaluate social determinants of health, more specifically social engagement, as moderators of the association between cognition and everyday functioning.

Method:

A sample of 930 older Black adults from Rush University: The Memory and Aging Project, African American Clinical Core, and Minority Adult Research Study were used. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological testing as well as questionnaires about their everyday functioning and social behaviors. Hierarchical linear regressions were utilized to determine to what extent social factors moderated the relationship between cognition and everyday functioning.

Results:

Late life social activity reduced the effect of global cognition on everyday functioning and was independently associated with everyday functioning. Social network size was associated with increased impairment.

Conclusion:

Results from the current study provide novel information regarding the role of social interaction on cognition in an older Black adult sample. Future interventions may benefit from an emphasis on increasing social engagement.
International humanitarian law and peace: A brief overview
Authors: Droege Cordula
Published: February 2025

International humanitarian law (IHL), also known as the law of armed conflict, seeks to limit the humanitarian impact of war by regulating the conduct of hostilities and protecting those not or no longer participating in combat. IHL does not prevent war, nor is that its role. IHL is only one part of the fabric of international law, other parts of which (jus ad bellum) govern the legality of war itself. However, IHL plays an essential role in mitigating suffering and fostering conditions that may facilitate a return to peace. This article examines the long-standing debate over whether IHL inadvertently legitimizes war or whether it can actually contribute, indirectly, to peace by imposing humanitarian constraints on conflict. It explores how adherence to IHL can preserve human dignity and support post-conflict reconciliation. Ultimately, while IHL does not prevent war, its strict application helps to reduce war's brutality and create pathways for sustainable peace.
Self-reported hypertension prevalence, risk factors, and knowledge among South Africans aged 24 to 40 years old
Authors: Mtintsilana Asanda , Mapanga Witness , Craig Ashleigh , Dlamini Siphiwe N. , Norris Shane A.
Published: February 2025

Although hypertension is a significant public health burden in South Africa (SA), less is known about its prevalence, risk factors, and possible preventative strategies among young adults. We assessed the prevalence, possible risk factors, and knowledge associated with self-reported hypertension among young adults from SA. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1000 young South African adults (24–40 years; 51.0% women). We administered a socio-demographic questionnaire and collected information on measures of socio-economic status (SES) (e.g. asset wealth index), self-reported medical history, and lifestyle risk factors. Furthermore, a modified version of the hypertension evaluation of lifestyle and management questionnaire was used to assess participants’ hypertension knowledge. The overall prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 24.0%, with significant differences between women and men (27.5% and 20.4% respectively, p = 0.033). Only 16.8% of the respondents had good hypertension knowledge. There was a positive association between good knowledge of hypertension and being hypertensive (OR = 1.43 CI:1.23–3.12), monthly blood pressure check-ups (OR = 2.03 CI:1.78–3.23), knowing the side effects of uncontrolled blood pressure (OR = 1.28 CI:1.07–1.89) and having a biological mother with hypertension (OR = 1.79 CI:1.53–2.21). Being employed full-time (OR = 0.74 CI:0.69–0.80), having a higher SES (wealth index 4 (OR = 0.70 CI:0.59–0.97) and 5 (OR = 0.65 CI:0.48–0.81)), exercising 6 to 7 days per week (OR = 0.83 CI:0.71–0.94), and not consuming alcohol at all (OR = 0.73 CI:0.67–0.89), were all found to be protective against hypertension. The high hypertension prevalence, lack of hypertension knowledge, and reported risk factors among this group highlight the need for early robust preventative strategies to mitigate hypertension risk among this population.
Cyclin E1 overexpression sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to WEE1 and PLK1 inhibition
Authors: Xi Qian , Kunita Akiko , Ogawa Miho , Ka Mirei , Tanimoto Saki , Tsuchimochi Saki , Nagai Saeko , Matsunaga Asami , Fukuda Tomohiko , Watanabe Kousuke , Sone Kenbun , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Kawana Kei , Ushiku Tetsuo , Osuga Yutaka , Katayama Kazuhiro , Kage Hidenori , Oda Katsutoshi
Published: February 2025

Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplification is associated with poor prognosis of ovarian carcinomas across histological subtypes. Inhibitors targeting PLK1 or WEE1 are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for cancer treatment that disrupt the critical G2/M checkpoint, leading to cancer cell death. However, biomarkers that predict the response to these inhibitors are not well defined. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib, and the WEE1 inhibitor, adavosertib, along with the biomarker potential of cyclin E1 in ovarian cancer cells. Both inhibitors suppressed the proliferation of cyclin E1-overexpressing cells to a greater extent than that of cells exhibiting low cyclin E1 expression. TP53 silencing did not increase the sensitivity to these inhibitors. In cyclin E1-overexpressing cells, PLK1 inhibition reduced the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and increased those in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases. WEE1 inhibition reduced G1 phase cells without a clear peak in the S-G2/M phase and increased the sub-G1 phase cells. Both inhibitors suppressed the growth of cyclin E1-overexpressing tumors in vivo. Taken together, cyclin E1 overexpression, regardless of TP53 status, may serve as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of these inhibitors, offering potential personalized treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
Genotype of PAX2-related disorders correlates with kidney and ocular manifestations
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Ahn Yo Han , Jang Yeonji , Park Eujin , Lee Hajeong , Kim Seong Heon , Song Ji Yeon , Han Kyoung Hee , Jung Jiwon , Lee Joo Hoon , Kang Hee Gyung , Jung Jae Ho , Cheong Hae Il
Published: February 2025

PAX2-related disorders encompass renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) and hereditary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) type 7. We retrospectively analyzed 27 Korean patients with PAX2 pathogenic variants detected between 2004 and 2022 and conducted a literature review of 328 cases, including 301 previously reported. In our cohort, 19 had RCS, 4 had FSGS, and 4 had isolated congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Patients were classified by variant type into predicted loss of function (pLoF) and non-pLoF variant groups, and by variant location into paired domain and other sites group. pLoF variants were predominantly associated with RCS, observed in 82% of patients in both our data (18 of 22, P = 0.017) and the literature (140 of 171, P < 0.001). Kidney failure developed in 52% of Korean patients at a median age of 14.5 years, with no difference in kidney survival between variant types. However, the literature review indicated faster progression to kidney failure in patients with pLoF variants (11.0 vs. 24.0 years; pLoF, n = 138 vs. non-pLoF, n = 71; P = 0.002), with no significant difference by variant location. Ocular manifestations were more common, had earlier onset, and were more severe in the pLoF variants group in our cohort (P = 0.038). The literature confirmed a higher prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with pLoF variants (pLoF, n = 175 vs. non-pLoF, n = 88; P < 0.001) and in those with paired domain variants (P = 0.01). pLoF variants in PAX2 were associated with worse kidney and ocular outcomes. These findings support genotype-phenotype correlations, contributing to tailored management in patients with PAX2-related disorders.
Controlling crystallization in covalent organic frameworks to facilitate photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Lin Zheng , Yu Xiangkun , Zhao Zijian , Ding Ning , Wang Changchun , Hu Ke , Zhu Youliang , Guo Jia
Published: February 2025

The catalytic performance, depending on the surface nature, is ubiquitous in photocatalysis. However, surface engineering for organic photocatalysts through structural modulation has long been neglected. Here, we propose a zone crystallization strategy for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that enhances surface ordering through regulator-induced amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Dynamic simulations show that attaching monofunctional regulators to the surface of spherical amorphous precursor improves surface dynamic reversibility, increasing crystallinity from the inside out. The resulting COF microspheres display surface-enhanced crystallinity and uniform spherical morphology. The visible photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate reaches 126 mmol g–1 h–1 for the simplest β-ketoenamine-linked COF and 350 mmol gCOF
–1 h–1 for SiO2@COF with minimal Pt cocatalysts. Mechanism studies indicate that surface crystalline domains build the surface electrical fields to accumulate photogenerated electrons and diminish electron transfer barriers between the COF and Pt interface. This work bridges the gap between microscopic molecules and macroscopic properties, allowing tailored design of crystalline organic photocatalysts.
On-patient medical record and mRNA therapeutics using intradermal microneedles
Authors: Han Jooli , Kanelli Maria , Liu Yang , Daristotle John L. , Pardeshi Apurva , Forster Timothy A. , Karchin Ari , Folk Brandon , Murmann Lukas , Tostanoski Lisa H. , Carrasco Sebastian E. , Alsaiari Shahad K. , Wang Erika Yan , Tran Khanh , Zhang Linzixuan , Eshaghi Behnaz , Levy Lauren , Pyon Sydney , Sloane Charles , Lin Stacey Qiaohui , Lau Alicia , Perkinson Collin F. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Barouch Dan H. , Durand Frédo , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana
Published: February 2025

Medical interventions often require timed series of doses, thus necessitating accurate medical record-keeping. In many global settings, these records are unreliable or unavailable at the point of care, leading to less effective treatments or disease prevention. Here we present an invisible-to-the-naked-eye on-patient medical record-keeping technology that accurately stores medical information in the patient skin as part of microneedles that are used for intradermal therapeutics. We optimize the microneedle design for both a reliable delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and the near-infrared fluorescent microparticles that encode the on-patient medical record-keeping. Deep learning-based image processing enables encoding and decoding of the information with excellent temporal and spatial robustness. Long-term studies in a swine model demonstrate the safety, efficacy and reliability of this approach for the co-delivery of on-patient medical record-keeping and the mRNA vaccine encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This technology could help healthcare workers make informed decisions in circumstances where reliable record-keeping is unavailable, thus contributing to global healthcare equity.
Whole-genome sequencing analysis identifies rare, large-effect noncoding variants and regulatory regions associated with circulating protein levels
Authors: Hawkes Gareth , Chundru Kartik , Jackson Leigh , Patel Kashyap A. , Murray Anna , Wood Andrew R. , Wright Caroline F. , Weedon Michael N. , Frayling Timothy M. , Beaumont Robin N.
Published: February 2025

The contribution of rare noncoding genetic variation to common phenotypes is largely unknown, as a result of a historical lack of population-scale whole-genome sequencing data and the difficulty of categorizing noncoding variants into functionally similar groups. To begin addressing these challenges, we performed a cis association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data, consisting of 1.1 billion variants, 123 million noncoding aggregate-based tests and 2,907 circulating protein levels in ~50,000 UK Biobank participants. We identified 604 independent rare noncoding single-variant associations with circulating protein levels. Unlike protein-coding variation, rare noncoding genetic variation was almost as likely to increase or decrease protein levels. Rare noncoding aggregate testing identified 357 conditionally independent associated regions. Of these, 74 (21%) were not detectable by single-variant testing alone. Our findings have important implications for the identification, and role, of rare noncoding genetic variation associated with common human phenotypes, including the importance of testing aggregates of noncoding variants.
Cone beam computed tomography based upper airway measurement after orthognathic surgery: a comparative evaluation of different imaging software
Authors: Mini Andreas Helmuth Iti , Wegner Hannes , Lonic Daniel , Loeffelbein Denys J.
Published: February 2025

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enhances understanding of the upper airway (UA). This study compared three software products’ abilities in visualizing and quantifying specific upper airway changes using CBCT. We conducted a retrospective analysis of pre- and post-operative CBCT images from 29 patients using Dolphin (Do), Romexis 5 (Ro5), and Romexis 6 (Ro6) software, focusing on alterations in oropharyngeal volume and minimum cross-sectional area as key indicators of orthognathic surgery outcomes. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in volume measurements between Do/Ro5 (p = 0.034) and Do/Ro6 (p = 0.047), but no difference between Ro5 and Ro6 (p = 0.685). No significant differences were found in minimum cross-sectional area parameters. Despite standardized protocols, interpretation discrepancies exist between Do and Ro 5/6, possibly due to program-specific properties. Further studies on threshold value comparability are needed for data standardization. Direct comparisons of clinical data from Do, Ro5, and Ro6 are limited due to methodological disparities. Nonetheless, these programs allow reproducible and quantifiable measurements for clinical assessments of these specific airway changes following orthognathic surgery.
Plasmodium falciparum Pfs47 haplotype compatibility to Anopheles gambiae in Kisumu, a malaria-endemic region of Kenya
Authors: Onyango Shirley A. , Machani Maxwell G. , Ochwedo Kevin O. , Oriango Robin M. , Lee Ming-Chieh , Kokwaro Elizabeth , Afrane Yaw A. , Githeko Andrew K. , Zhong Daibin , Yan Guiyun
Published: February 2025

Insecticide resistance and outdoor transmission have reduced the effectiveness of existing malaria transmission prevention strategies. As a result, targeted approaches to support continuing malaria control, such as transmission-blocking vaccines, are required. Cross-sectional mass blood screening in children between 5 and 15 years was conducted in Chulaimbo, Kisumu, during the dry and wet seasons in 2018 and 2019. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers were identified by Microscopy. Subsequently, carriers were used to feed colony bred Anopheles gambiae females in serum replacement and whole blood membrane feeding experiments. The infection prevalence was 19.7% (95% Cl 0.003–0.007) with 95% of the infections being caused by P. falciparum. Of all confirmed P. falciparum infections, 16.9% were gametocytes. Thirty-seven paired experiments showed infection rates of 0.9% and 0.5% in the serum replacement and whole blood experiments, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.738). Six Pfs47 haplotypes were identified from 24 sequenced infectious blood samples: Hap_1 (E27D and L240I), Hap_2 (S98T); Hap_3 (E27D); Hap_4 (L240I); Hap_5 (E188D); and Hap_6 without mutations. Haplotype 4 had the highest frequency of 29.2% followed by Hap_3 and Hap_6 at 20.8% each then Hap_1 with a frequency of 16.7%, whereas Hap_5 and Hap_2 had frequencies of 8.3% and 4.2% respectively. Varying frequencies of Pfs47 haplotypes observed from genetically heterogeneous parasite populations in endemic regions illuminates vector compatibility to refracting P. falciparum using the hypothesized lock and key analogy. This acts as a bottleneck that increases the frequency of P. falciparum haplotypes that escape elimination by vector immune responses. The interaction can be used as a potential target for transmission blocking through a refractory host.
Utilizing remote sensing and field data for geological mapping and polyphase deformation analysis of Um Laseifa ophiolites, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Alawy Mahmoud K. , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Moghazi Abdel-Kader M. , Mohamed Fathy H. , Khamis Hossam , Shebl Ali
Published: February 2025

The Wadi Um Laseifa area, located in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, encompasses a range of Neoproterozoic rock units, including ophiolitic mélange, island arc assemblage, and granitic intrusions as well as Miocene clastic deposits. The current research attempts to analyze the structural and lithological characteristics of this area by integrating data from multisource remote sensing (Sentinel 2, Planetscope and hyperspectral PRISMA), along with field and structural relationships, geometrical analysis of structural readings, and petrographic studies. Applying various techniques of remote sensing, such as false color composite (FCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and Minimum noise fraction (MNF), enabled the identification of the structural features over various scales besides accurate lithological discrimination. Data analyses have discriminated the intricate Neoproterozoic rocks into ophiolitic mélange that includes serpentinites, meta-pyroxenites, metagabbro, chert and mélange matrix, island arc assemblage comprising metavolcanics, metavolcano-sedimentary rocks and hornblende schist, and monzogranite and granodiorite intrusions. These rocks have been affected by a thrust stack of three major faults striking NW-SE to NNW-SSE and dipping steeply to the SW. There are two prominent folds represented by a major anticline affecting the island arc metavolcano-sedimentary rocks and a major syncline affecting the ophiolitic rocks. Both folds possess axial planes striking NW-SE and gently plunging NW fold axes. The area is also intersected by E-W or ENE-WSW strike-slip faults, along with major NW-SE normal faults that controlled the distribution of the Miocene clastic deposits. Geometrical analysis has identified three ductile deformation phases: D1 is marked by NW-SE isoclinal folds; D2 produced NW-SE major folds and thrust faults that are coaxial with D1; and D3 led to the formation of NE-SW open folds. The multisource remote sensing analysis that has been carried out in this work illustrated the efficacy of the employed methodology in conducting thorough geological analyses and strongly advocates for its application in analogous studies in arid environments.
Crosado embalming related alterations in the morpho-mechanics of collagen rich tissues
Authors: Tomlinson Joanna , Scholze Mario , Ondruschka Benjamin , Hammer Niels , Zwirner Johann
Published: February 2025

Crosado-embalming has been successfully used as embalming technique in research and teaching for over 20 years. It is applied in biomechanical testing experiments if the fresh tissues are unavailable, e.g., for cultural, ethical, logistical or health and safety reasons. However, features of human Crosado-embalmed tissues biomechanical characteristics including its load-deformation properties in comparison to fresh tissues and its controllability through hydration fluids may be insightful and therefore need to be studied further. This study compared the uniaxial load-deformation properties and the cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements of fresh-frozen and Crosado-embalmed collagen-rich tissues, namely the iliotibial band (ITB, 16 unembalmed and 35 embalmed specimens) and cranial dura mater (DM, 60 unembalmed cadavers, and 25 embalmed specimens). The water content of 120 Crosado-embalmed ITB samples (30 cadavers) were analysed considering established rehydration treatments, including polyethylene glycol (PEG). Crosado-embalmed tissues presented an increased elastic modulus (EM) (all p < 0.050; e.g., Crosado ITB PEG only 306 ± 91 MPa vs. fresh-frozen ITB PEG only 108 ± 31 MPa; mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.001) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (e.g., Crosado ITB PEG only 46 ± 15 MPa vs. fresh-frozen ITB PEG only 21 ± 8 MPa; p < 0.001) when rehydrated similar to the fresh tissues. The maximum force was different for the dura mater (Crosado 25 ± 13 N vs. fresh 21 ± 20 N; mean ± standard deviation; p = 0.050) but not for the ITB. The CSA following rehydration in PEG only was decreased for Crosado-embalmed samples (3.4 ± 1.2mm2, ITB; 1.1 ± 0.5 mm2, DM) compared to fresh-frozen (5.8 ± 2.1mm2, ITB; 3.1 ± 1.2mm2, DM) (all p ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, rehydration effects were observed following 24 h of PEG treatment (untreated tissues, 49 ± 9% vs. PEG only, 77 ± 4%; p < 0.001), in comparison to fresh samples (69%) tissues were hyperhydrated. In conclusion, Crosado-embalming appears to alter collagen-rich tissues’ morphological and mechanical properties. While an increase in material properties of Crosado-embalmed tissues was observed (Emod and UTS), the overall load-bearing capacity and peak structural strength remained unaltered for ITB tissues. This may result from CSA-related, geometric or molecular alterations after the fixative and osmotic water protocols related to changes in the collagen backbone and water-binding capacity.
Relative improvement in language vs. motor functions with reperfusion therapies for large vessel occlusion
Authors: Ahmed Zaka , Yedavalli Vivek , Gonzalez Wladimir Sarmiento , Hillis Argye E.
Published: February 2025

When weighing potential risks versus benefits of reperfusion therapy, the functions likely to recover if blood flow can be restored should be considered. Because deep and motor areas often infarct relatively early in acute stroke, we hypothesized that reperfusion therapies improve predominantly cortical functions more than motor function. In this retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients with acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion, we evaluated percent improvement (mean change in score/maximum score) for different items of the National Institutes of Health Score Scale with and without endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), and/or intravenous thrombolysis. In total, 290 patients met the inclusion criteria. For all outcome measures there were significant effects of treatment group (p < 0.0001 for all), with the greatest change in the EVT + thrombolysis group, then EVT only group, followed by thrombolysis only, followed by no intervention. Differences between EVT + thrombolysis and EVT only were not significant (p = 0.30 to 0.79 across outcomes). For patients with aphasia and/or right sided weakness before treatment, the percent change in language was significantly greater than the percent change in weakness (29.8% vs. 12.7%; t(93) = 5.3;p < 0.0001). Greater percent improvement in language was observed in all treatment groups (p = 0.0003 to 0.03 across treatment groups). After acute ischemic stroke due to LVO, improvements occur in all neurological functions with intervention. However, gains in language are even greater than gains in motor function in the same patients. Few patients had neglect before treatment, but of those who did, the majority improved, and most (92.8%) with EVT.
Frequency reconfigurable PIN diode-based Reuleaux-triangle-shaped monopole antenna for UWB/Ku band applications
Authors: Bayer Keskin Sena Esen , Koziel Slawomir , Szczepanski Stanislaw
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna developed for UWB/Ku band applications. The design employs a microstrip-fed Reuleaux-triangle-shaped patch with a defected ground structure. The antenna exhibits a wide operating bandwidth achieved due to rectangular slits integrated into the Reuleaux-triangle patch. Meanwhile, adding rectangular slots in the ground plane improves the return loss level. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by utilizing PIN diodes to adjust the current distribution, altering the antenna’s electrical length via the capacitive and inductive effects induced by the rings near the feed line. The antenna operates in two distinct frequency bands, 2.68–8.55 GHz and 12.7–15.65 GHZ, contingent upon the PIN-diodes’ ON/OFF states. In the OFF state, the antenna covers the UWB region, in particular, the ISM band (5.8 GHz), WLAN band (5.2 GHz), and lower X-band (8 GHz), exhibiting a 10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2.68 to 8.55 GHz with a maximum gain of 2.36 dBi. In the ON state, the antenna functions in the Ku band (12.7–15.65 GHz) with gains from 2.63 to 3.85 dBi. The antenna’s dynamic switching between UWB and Ku band operations makes it suitable for applications such as satellite communications, health monitoring, 5G, aerospace, and remote sensing.
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy: characterization and therapy testing in a zebrafish model
Authors: Huang Lily , Simonian Rebecca , Lopez Michael A , Karuppasamy Muthukumar , Sanders Veronica M , English Katherine G , Fabian Lacramioara , Alexander Matthew S , Dowling James J
Published: February 2025

X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA), a rare childhood-onset autophagic vacuolar myopathy caused by mutations in VMA21, is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and progressive vacuolation. VMA21 encodes a protein chaperone of the vacuolar hydrogen ion ATPase, the loss of which leads to lysosomal neutralization and impaired function. At present, there is an incomplete understanding of XMEA, its mechanisms, consequences on other systems, and therapeutic strategies. A significant barrier to advancing knowledge and treatments is the lack of XMEA animal models. Therefore, we used CRISPR-Cas9 editing to engineer a loss-of-function mutation in zebrafish vma21. The vma21 mutant zebrafish phenocopy the human disease with impaired motor function and survival, liver dysfunction, and dysregulated autophagy indicated by lysosomal de-acidification, the presence of characteristic autophagic vacuoles in muscle fibers, altered autophagic flux, and reduced lysosomal marker staining. As proof-of-concept, we found that two drugs, edaravone and LY294002, improve swim behavior and survival. In total, we generated and characterized a novel preclinical zebrafish XMEA model and demonstrated its suitability for studying disease pathomechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
A robust signal processing program for nanopore signals by dynamic correction threshold with compatible baseline fluctuations
Authors: Xi Guohao , Su Jinmeng , Ma Jie , Wu Lingzhi , Tu Jing
Published: February 2025

Solid-state nanopores represent a powerful platform for the detection and characterization of a broader scope of biomolecules and particles, including proteins, viruses, and nanoparticles, for clinical and biochemical applications. Typically,...
A steam-mediated isothermal amplification and flocculation-based detection platform for electricity-free point of care diagnostics
Authors: Achary Kissan D. , Natarajan Satheesh , Priye Aashish
Published: February 2025

SteamFloc-LAMP is a molecular diagnostic platform that operates without electricity. It utilizes steam from boiling water for DNA amplification and flocculation for rapid pathogen detection, making it suitable for low-resource settings.
Crack control in dried ferro-colloidal droplets: effect of particle aspect-ratio and magnetic field orientations
Authors: Rani Deeksha , Sarkar Subhendu
Published: February 2025

Dependence of crack geometry and magnetohydrodynamic force on magnetic field direction and particle aspect ratio in dried ferro-colloidal deposits.
Heteroleptic phenoxyimino tin(ii) bis(trimethylsilyl)amides for the synthesis of poly(diester-alt-ethers) from cyclohexene oxide and succinic anhydride
Authors: Quek Timothy , Chumsaeng Phongnarin , Phomphrai Khamphee
Published: February 2025

Heteroleptic phenoxyimino tin(ii) amides were synthesized and active for ROCOP of cyclic anhydride and epoxide giving a periodic co-polymer poly(diester-alt-ethers).
Unlocking the potential of chemical-assisted water electrolysis for green hydrogen production
Authors: Lee Jiwoo , Lee Sol A. , Lee Tae Hyung , Jang Ho Won
Published: February 2025

Chemical-assisted water electrolysis is gaining attraction as an alternative to conventional water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, but high overpotential is a major challenge. This review covers advanced strategies to reduce the operation voltage.
An alkylthio side chain tuned the PM6 structure and elevated photovoltaic performance of ternary donor polymers
Authors: Guo Pengzhi , He Jinye , Liang Junhong , Wang Tiantian , Li Mingruo , Wei Jianhong , Miao Wentao , Liang Zezhou , Zhou Yuan , Tong Junfeng , Wang Xunchang , Wang Chenglong , Xia Yangjun
Published: February 2025

A series of ternary conjugated donor polymers were developed and achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 16.46% when matched with Y6.
Revealing the Energy Transfer between NIR-II PEGylated Quantum Dots and Water
Authors: Wang Mingzhe , Ling Sisi , Zhang Ziyan , Zhang Yejun , Yang Hongchao , Wang Qiangbin
Published: February 2025

Hydrophilic semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with photoluminescence (PL) located in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) have demonstrated great promise for in vivo bioimaging applications. However, their performance can be affected...
A silica-supported palladium oxide catalyst (PdO@MCM-41) selectively cleaves ether linkages in lignin model compounds and alkali lignin via intramolecular hydrogen transfer
Authors: Huda Noor Ul , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Zaheer Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Lignin model compounds and alkali lignin undergo redox neutral depolymerization under mild conditions over palladium oxide supported on MCM-41 catalyst to produce aromatic monomers.