bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación de los modelos de Johnson, Logístico y de Saturación para representar el Crecimiento de Bagre de canal (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Ulloa Ibarra José Trinidad , Uribe Olivares Nidia Dolores , Flores Robles Juan Felipe , Ortega Arcega María Inés
Published: January 2024

El bagre de canal (Ictalurus punctatus) es una especie de pez de agua dulce que se encuentra en América del Norte. Puesto que es comercialmente importante, y su cultivo se ha incrementado en los últimos años, se considera necesario poder realizar predicciones sobre su crecimiento y desarrollo con base en modelos matemáticos. El crecimiento del bagre de canal es un proceso complejo que está influenciado por una serie de factores, incluyendo la temperatura, la alimentación, y la densidad de población., como ya es conocido, no se debe olvidar que un modelo es una representación simplificada de la realidad, pero su utilización aporta buenos resultados ya que el desarrollo de modelos que puedan predecir su crecimiento es importante para la gestión de su cultivo. En este artículo, se comparan los modelos de Johnson, Logístico y de Saturación para representar el crecimiento del bagre de canal. Estos son modelos no lineales que han sido utilizados para describir el crecimiento de una variedad de especies de peces. Son ecuaciones diferenciales que representan crecimientos sigmoidales. Los datos se obtuvieron de un estudio realizado en México y fueron utilizados para ajustar los parámetros de los modelos. Los resultados del ajuste mostraron que los tres se ajustan bien a los datos. Sin embargo, el de Saturación se ajusta ligeramente mejor que los otros. Se ha comprobado que el modelo de Saturación tiene algunas ventajas sobre los otros, es más flexible que el logístico, ya que su parámetro n permite controlar la forma de la curva de crecimiento por lo que puede ser utilizado para predecir el crecimiento del bagre a lo largo de un rango de condiciones de temperatura y alimentación por lo que puede ser utilizado para mejorar la gestión del cultivo del bagre y para optimizar la producción de esta especie.
Revisiting Zero-Trust Security for Internet of Things
Authors: Ismail Mahmoud , F.Abd El-Gawad Amal
Published: January 2024

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has revolutionized various industries, yet concurrently introduced unprecedented security challenges. Zero-Trust security emerges as a promising paradigm to mitigate the escalating risks associated with IoT ecosystems. This mini review provides a comprehensive analysis of Zero-Trust principles and their application within IoT environments. Beginning with an elucidation of the Zero-Trust framework's foundational tenets, this paper explores its relevance in the context of IoT, emphasizing the necessity for continuous authentication, strict access controls, micro-segmentation, and encryption strategies. Furthermore, it delves into the evolving threat landscape faced by IoT systems and evaluates how Zero-Trust principles effectively counteract these threats, safeguarding sensitive data, ensuring device integrity, and bolstering overall system resilience. Additionally, the review highlights notable challenges and implementation considerations in integrating Zero-Trust security within diverse IoT infrastructures.
Analysis of the Effect Current Ratio on Return on Assets at PT Astra Otoparts TBK.
Authors: Ikhyanuddin  , Sarie Fatma , Andi Aris Mattunruang  , Eva Yuniarti Utami  , Azis Fajriani
Published: January 2024

This study makes an important contribution in understanding the relationship between current ratio and return on assets at PT Astra Otoparts Tbk. Through the use of a simple linear regression test on financial statement data for the period 2015-2022, this study intends to explain the extent to which the current ratio affects the company's return on assets. Current ratio, as the independent variable, is used as an indicator of the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations, while return on assets, as the dependent variable, reflects the company's level of profitability. The results show that, although the current ratio has a positive influence on return on assets, the influence is not statistically significant. In other words, the increase in current ratio does not contribute significantly to the increase in return on assets at PT Astra Otoparts Tbk. The findings can provide valuable insights for company management in designing financial strategies, especially in terms of managing short-term assets and liabilities. In the context of the automotive and spare parts industry in Indonesia, where PT Astra Otoparts Tbk operates, an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence return on assets is crucial. The results of this study can serve as a basis for similar companies to evaluate and improve their financial performance, optimize asset allocation, and manage short-term liabilities more effectively. Further research and the integration of other factors in financial analysis can help shape a more holistic and sustainable business strategy amidst changing market dynamics.
MANUSIA DAN EKSISTENSINYA DALAM PANDANGAN FILSAFAT ISLAM
Authors: Muthmainnah Sitti , Rama Bahaking , Moh Natsir Mahmud
Published: January 2024

Tulisan berjudul Manusia dan eksistensinya dalam pandangan filsafat islam memberi gambaran bagaimana manusia dalam filsafat islam. Tujuan dari pembuatan makalah ini untuk mengetahui seperti apa definisi manusia dalam pandangan filsafat islam, kemudian memahami eksistensi manusia dan tahap-tahpanya dalam eksistensi filsafat islam serta memahami hubungan fitrah dengan pendidikan islam. Penulisan makalah ini merupakan kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan jenis metode kualitatif, adapun sumber-sumber yang dicantumkan adalah sumber yang kredibel berupa buku dan website resmi. Manusia adalah yang terdiri dari unsur jasad dan roh yang memiliki akal, budi pekerti yang membedakannya dengan makhluk yang lain seperti iblis, malaikat, binatang maupun tumbuhan. Eksistensi manusia bermakna keberadaan manusia sebagai sesuatu yang berada yang berbeda dengan keberdaan makhluk yang lain. Eksistensi dalam pengetahuan barat memiliki beberapa tahap yaitu tahap eksis, etis dan riligius. Sedangkan menurut filsafat pendidikan Islam : Jasad, roh, dan jiwa.Manusia dalam pandangan Islam adalah khalifah Allah di muka bumi. Sebagai duta Tuhan, dia memiliki karakteristik yang multidimensi, yakni pertama, diberi hak untuk mengatur alam ini sesuai kapasitasnya.
KINERJA BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Alifah Muizatul Abdilah  , Ratu Nikita Ristanti  , Rizka Zakia Mufida  , Siti Kulsum  , Nur Aini Farida
Published: January 2024

Kinerja bimbingan dan konseling merupakan aspek penting dalam mendukung perkembangan individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengevaluasi efektivitas program bimbingan dan konseling di MTS Al-Hikmah. Metode penelitian melibatkan penelitian deskriftif kualitatif, yaitu Fokus pada pemahaman mendalam tentang pengalaman, persepsi, dan sikap para siswa terhadap layanan bimbingan konseling di MTS Al-Hikmah. Menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan siswa dan guru untuk mendapatkan data kualitatif. Penyelenggaraan layanan bimbingan dan konseling di MTS Al-Hikmah memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan siswa-siswi yang memperoleh manfaat dari layanan bimbingan dan konseling cenderung mengalami peningkatan keterampilan sosial, motivasi akademik, dan Kesehatan mental Selain itu, mereka juga melihat peningkatan dalam prestasi akademik dan partisipasi mereka dalam kegiatan sekolah. Faktor utama dalam kinerja yang berhasil ialah yang mampu melibatkan pelibatan aktif guru bimbingan dan konseling, penggunaan metode yang relevan, serta dukungan dari pihak sekolah dan orang tua. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah perlunya meningkatkan investasi dan perhatian terhadap pengembangan program bimbingan dan konseling yang holistik untuk dapat memastikan perkembangan optimal siswa.
KONSEP FITRAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER MENURUT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Rachmat Tullah  , Hidayatullah
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep fitrah dan pengembangan karakter menurut Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun data diperoleh dari literatur yang ada dari berbagai sumber referensi baik dari buku, jurnal dan media bacaan lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep fitrah sudah seharusnya untuk terus dikembangkan melalui akal yang telah diciptakan oleh Allah dengan melihat prinsip-prinsip fitrah itu sendiri serta akan memberikan implikasinya terhadap perkembangan karakter manusia untuk melahirkan dan menjaga keharmonisan di atas permukaan bumi ini. Hal ini dapat terujud dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor intern diantaranya meliputi; kebiasaan, hati naluri, keturunan dan keinginan yang ada pada jiwa. Sedangkan factor eksternal meliputi; pengaruh lingkungan, pangaruh media digital, tontonan dan pergaulan. Sehingga, jika hal tersebut di atas dapat dirahkan dan dibimbing dengan baik maka akan terbentuk karakter manusia yang sesuai dengan fitrahnya.
Cartoon
Authors: Afonso Luís
Published: January 2024

Comentário gráfico de Luís Afonso.
O ensino da oralidade
Authors: Marques Carla
Published: January 2024

O ensino da oralidade constitui um dos grandes desafios que se colocam à disciplina de português no atual contexto. A importância fulcral das competências relacionadas com o saber ouvir e o saber falar é reconhecida pelo Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória, documento que lhes atribui uma centralidade compatível com a relevância que assumem para o exercício completo da cidadania e para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal.
Analysis of the Influence of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Seksi Padang Sicincin
Authors: Defi Adrian  , M. Isa Indrawan  , Mesra B.
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the Influence of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Padang Sicincin. The research approach used in this study is quantitative. The population in this study is all employees of PT HKI Padang Siring Section which amounts to 54 people. This study conducted a sampling technique by Non Probability Sampling, namely by using census sampling or saturated sampling because the entire population is as many as 54 employees / respondents. The data collection used is to use personal questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this study is a path analysis technique using smart PLS software. The results showed that Perception Organizational Culture had a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT HKI Padang Sicincin. Transformational Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT HKI Padang Sicincin Section. Perception Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction at PT HKI Padang Sicincin Section. Transformational Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction at PT HKI Padang Sicincin. Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT HKI Padang Sicincin. Perception Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at PT HKI Padang Sicincin. Transformational Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at PT HKI Padang Sicincin.
Analysis of the Effect of Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Work Discipline As an Intervening Variable in PT Hutama Binjai Infrastructure Works - Brandan Zone2
Authors: Mirwan Arif Irfani  , M. Isa Indrawan  , Kiki Farida Ferine
Published: January 2024

This study is intended to test and analyze the direct and indirect impact  of the influence of the work environment and work motivation on employee performance with work discipline as an intervening variable at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2. The research approach uses quantitative research methods. The sample in this study amounted to 80 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires.  The analysis technique used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) which is operated through the Smart PLS 4 program. The results of direct effect research show that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the work environment has a positive and significant effect on work discipline, and motivation has a positive and significant effect on work discipline. While the results of the indirect effect test show that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2. And work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2.
Juridical Review Of The Criminal Act Of Online Fraud Is Reviewed From Law Number 19 Of 2016 Concerning Information And Electronic Transactions
Authors: Suci Ramadani
Published: January 2024

The crime of fraud is currently increasingly developing following the times and advances in technology, the Internet can also be used as a forum that can generate income opportunities to meet life's needs, namely by carrying out online business activities. This research discusses the legal regulations for criminal acts of fraud. online, what are the factors that cause online criminal acts of fraud, how to resolve online criminal acts Research Studies at the Binjai Police. This research was carried out using an empirical juridical method with a field research method, in which case the research method used was that the researcher went directly into the field to conduct interviews with sources and collected secondary data consisting of primary legal material and secondary legal material. The criminal act of online-based fraud is based on evidence or means of action, namely using an electronic system (computer, internet, telecommunications equipment). Law enforcement regarding this criminal act of fraud can still be accommodated by the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Barriers to law enforcement against criminal acts of fraud based on electronic transactions are still influenced by five factors, namely legal factors, law enforcement factors, means or facilities that support law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. Legal rules governing criminal acts of fraud in the Criminal Code and protection of consumers, factors for criminal acts of online fraud which include economic, environmental, social and cultural, intellectual and security factors.
Juridical Analysis of Providing Compensation Money for Certain Hours of Work by Outsourcing Companies Based on the Job Creation Constitution
Authors: Yana Indawati
Published: January 2024

The enactment of the Job Creation Law and its derivative regulations PP No. 35 of 2021, one of which is about contract workers reaping the pros and cons. The Job Creation Law changes, deletes and inserts new Articles in the Manpower Law. Purpose: This provision is something new, so the purpose of this research is to analyze normatively juridically regarding the rules starting from PKWT, Compensation Policy and Compensation according to experts in outsourcing companies. Method: The type of research used in the preparation of this paper is juridical analysis. Result: There is unclear source of funding for compensation and the provision of compensation is considered discriminatory. The source of compensation funding should have become a contribution that must be paid by employers and employers/users and is bound by the provisions of the law. Conclusion: Workers/laborers should be equally entitled to compensation money without any form of discrimination, this is in accordance with what is mandated by the 1945 Law, Article 28I paragraph (2) and Article 38 paragraph (3) of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Rights Human Rights
Exploring Influential Variables in Emergency Amputations for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India., Mulla Tohid , Bagwan M.B. ,   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India., Bhatmule Advait Prashant ,   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: The primary reason for lower extremity amputations predominantly arises from diabetic foot conditions. This study's objective was to explore the clinical features and influencing factors associated with amputation among patients presenting with diabetic foot ulcers in emergency departments. Methods: This study was conducted through a retrospective examination of the medical records of 60 patients referred to the Emergency Unit due to diabetic foot ulcers. Results: Out of the 60 patients in this study, 34 (53.4%) were male, and 26 (46.6%) were female. The average age was 61.43\(\pm\)11.584 years, with an age range of 41 to 85 years. Notably, extremity amputation was not necessary for 34 patients (58.6%), whereas 24 patients (41.4%) did undergo amputation. Factors influencing the need for extremity amputation included the duration of the disease, the presence of coronary artery disease, the length of hospital stay, and the presence of osteomyelitis. Among the laboratory findings, factors associated with extremity amputation were levels of albumin, hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin A1c, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that in addition to classification systems, factors such as comorbidities, levels of albumin, hemoglobin A1c, sedimentation rate, and results from complete blood counts are pivotal in predicting the necessity for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers seeking care in emergency units.
Ambulatory Nursing Care for Young Children Suffering from Febrile Convulsions
Authors:   Department of Al Kut University, Wasit, Iraq., Musawi Mahdi Abed Neamah AL , Mahmud Huda Shawky ,   Nursing College, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2024

Background: Specialist ambulatory care Nursing is a complicated, diverse profession that includes solitary and group practice. Young children who experience febrile seizures, often known as fits or convulsions, are affected by fever. Aim: It aimed to assess ambulatory nursing care for young children suffering from febrile convulsions. Design: Descriptive research design is used. Sample: A convenient sample for all ambulatory nurses they were 100 nurses. Setting: Study conducted at all outpatient clinics at Central Children's Hospital, Al-zahrawi ( Ibn Al-Baladi.) Teaching hospital and Welfare children teaching hospital Two tools: 1st Structural interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts (demographic characteristics, ambulatory nurse knowledge about febrile convulsions), second tool: observation checklist of ambulatory nurse practice. Results: Regarding ambulatory nurses' knowledge about Febrile Convulsions, 65% of nurses have satisfactory knowledge, 35% of them have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding febrile convulsions, Also, 70% of nurses done practice, and 25.0% of them not done practice and 5% of them do not know regarding measurement young children body temperature under axillary, While, 65% of nurses done practice, and 20.0% of them not done practice and 15% of them do not know regarding the right way to make tap compresses and 70.0% of nurses done practice, and 20.0% of them not done practice and 10% of them do not know regarding the right way to give oxygen therapy. Conclusion: there was a positive relation between nurses' total knowledge and total practice regarding the right way to measure body temperature, the measurement of young children's temperature under axillary, and the right way to give oxygen therapy with statistical significance difference between nurses' knowledge and practice regarding febrile convulsions (p< 0.001). Recommendations: Continuous health education and training programs for the nurses about febrile convulsions.
Drug Utilization Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Medicine IPD of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Western Odisha
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Bhima Bhoi Medical College and Hospital, Balangir, Odisha, Panigrahi Muralidhar , Nandy Mrigakshi ,   Bhima Bhoi Medical College and Hospital, Balangir, Odisha, Pradhan Supriya ,   Department of Pharmacology, Bhima Bhoi Medical College & Hospital, Balangir, Odisha, Mishra Sailen Kumar ,   Department of Pharmacology, Shri Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri, Odisha
Published: January 2024

Background: Around the world, doctors frequently prescribe antimicrobial agents (AMAs). However, irrational and inappropriate use of AMAs results in several negative outcomes, including antimicrobial resistance, connected health issues, lengthened hospital stays, and increased treatment costs. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a more serious global challenge in hospitals and communities. Hence, Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are created primarily to evaluate and improve prescribing procedures and enhance the rational use of pharmaceuticals to address this significant condition. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital’s in-patient department of medicine. Analyses were done on the antibacterial agent drug usage patterns. Using Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification. The cost of the AMA therapy was estimated using the government’s approval rate for generic drugs. Results: Sixty-seven of the 100 patients were women, and 33 were men. Throughout the research period, 432 medications were prescribed, of which 39.8% were antibiotics and 77 % of patients had their AMA prescriptions based on data from bacteriological culture and sensitivity tests. The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) of India and the state essential drug lists were followed for prescribing the antimicrobial drugs by their generic names, respectively. In 27% of prescriptions, there was evidence of polypharmacy, and 70% of the combinations were logical. The patient spent 3.47 days in the hospital on average throughout their stay. It was discovered that antibiotics cost an average of Rs 200.17 per patient every day. Conclusion: Hospital antibiotic policy according to the ASP (Antibacterial Stewardship Programme) is essential for the optimization of antimicrobial therapy in this institution to ensure rational use of AMAs and to fight antimicrobial resistance.
Evaluation of Clotting Parameters in Pregnant Women with Placental Blood Clots: Impact of Patient Characteristics and Assessment of Clexane Efficacy
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Mafraq 25113, Jordan, Irshaid Fawzi I. , Alrdeat Razan Joma’a ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Mafraq 25113, Jordan, Alshdefat Aisha ,   College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman., Irshaid Bashar ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Mafraq 25113, Jordan, Irshaid Ahmed ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Mafraq 25113, Jordan
Published: January 2024

Background: Clexane is used in pregnant women (PW) to minimize placental blood clotting (PBC) and fetal danger. Standard coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) are critical for anticoagulant medication optimization. As a result, the study's goal was to evaluate the efficacy of clexane as well as adherence to the American Heart Association's recommended limits for routine coagulation tests. Methods: The study included forty normal PW as controls and forty PW with PBC as patients from Al-Mafraq Hospital in Jordan. Patients were administered daily subcutaneous injections of 40 mg of clexane as an anticoagulant, in conjunction with a daily 75 mg aspirin regimen. During the first trimester, 5 ml of venous blood were drawn from each participant. The PT, INR and APTT were measured. This assessment also considered variables including plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC), age, body mass index (BMI), blood type, and fetal gender. Results: The mean age \(\pm\) SD were 29.6 \(\pm\) 6.2 for the patient group and 28.3 \(\pm\) 5.9 years for the control group. The changes in PT, INR, APTT and PFC between the control and patient groups were statistically significant independent of mother's age, BMI, baby gender, or blood type. Patients displayed inadequate anticoagulation with an INR of 0.8, falling below the recommended therapeutic range of 2-3 for anticoagulant treatment. Surprisingly, by the end of the clinical study, all patients under investigation had safely delivered their babies without difficulties. Conclusion: The observed rise in fibrinogen levels among patients may contribute to PBC formation, necessitating further investigation. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a combined 40 mg Clexane and 75 mg aspirin regimen in PW from the Al-Mafraq region, Jordan, is warranted.
Aerobic Brain Metabolism, Body Temperature, Oxygen, Fetal Oxygen Supply and Fetal Movement Dynamics as Factors in Stillbirth and Neonatal Encephalopathy: Invention Review
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russia, Urakova Natalya , Urakov Aleksandr ,   Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russia, Sokolova Varvara ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russia, Shabanov Petr ,   Department of Neuropharmacology named after S.V. Anichkov, Institue of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: To date, there is no systematic review dedicated to the study of inventions that have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, but are devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, modeling and treatment of fetal intrauterine hypoxia. Hypoxic damage to fetal brain cells still remains an unsolved problem of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: 27 inventions were found from the beginning of the 21st century to 26.08.2023 in databases such as EAPATIS, BYPATENTS, DWPI, DEPATISnet, PATENTSCOPE, Espacenet, RUPTO, USPTO, CIPO, CNIPA, KIPRIS, PatSearch, J-PlatPat, Google Patents and TPO. Due to the small number of inventions, methodological heterogeneity, and differences in the content of their claims, a quantitative meta-analysis could not be performed. Results: Prospects for innovative obstetric care proposals aimed at improving fetal viability in hypoxia during pregnancy and delivery were analyzed. Results of the included studies were presented only qualitatively (descriptively). Conclusion: Fetal resistance to impending labor hypoxia has not been previously investigated, so values of low fetal resistance to intrauterine hypoxia are still not among the indications for the use of excess oxygen and the choice of Cesarean section to exclude stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy. The first systematic review of published inventions shows innovative ways of assessing fetal adaptive reserves to hypoxia, oxygen and apnea administration, and selecting the optimal timing and type of delivery to prevent stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy.
Association of Alcohol Consumption with Impaired Beta-Cell Function Independent of Body Mass Index Among Indian Men
Authors:   Department of General Medicine, Shree Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri, India., Mallick Asit Kumar Mallick , Swain Deepak Kumar ,   Department of General Medicine, Shree Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri, India., Sahu Aditya Narayan ,   Department of General Medicine, Shree Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri, India., Das Sankarsan ,   Department of General Medicine, Shree Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri, India.
Published: January 2024

Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. Alcohol's effects on the function of cells are not completely known at this time. This investigation looked into the relationships that exist between all of these different characteristics. All of the males who participated in this study were of Indian descent, and their ages ranged anywhere from 25 to 80 years old. Participants were categorized as abstainers, teetotalers, light drinkers (drinking between 0.1 and 20 grams of alcohol per day), moderate drinkers (consuming between 21.0 and 40 grams of alcohol per day), or heavy drinkers (consuming more than 41 grams of alcohol per day). Light drinkers consumed between 0.1 and 20 grams of alcohol per day. Moderate drinkers consumed between 21.0 and 40 kilos of alcohol per day. Heavy drinkers used more than 41 grams of alcohol per day. After that, the participants were separated into two groups: those with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kilograms per square meter and those with a BMI of 25 kilograms per square meter or more. A number of parameters, such as age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and serum uric acid levels, were taken into consideration. In comparison to individuals who refrained from alcohol use, those who drank alcohol had a lower HOMA- score, and this was the case independent of their body mass index. In the group with a BMI of less than 25 \(kg/m^{2}\), both past and current alcohol use were substantially connected with HOMA-IR. However, this association was not seen in the group with a BMI of more than 25 \(kg/m^{2}\). According to the results of multiple research, drinking alcohol is associated with -cell dysfunction in boys of Indian heritage, independent of the BMI of the participants in the studies.
My Experience of Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors:   Department Of Ophthalmology, Gautam Budha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya Jhajra, Dehradun, India., Tewari Rajesh
Published: January 2024

Aim: This research was conducted to determine whether or not a recently formulated intraocular lens (IOL) with an extended depth of focus (EDOF) successfully treats cataracts. Different Techniques: After performing phacoemulsification cataract surgery on a total of 36 eyes belonging to 25 patients ranging in age from 51 to 82, the LUCIDIS EDOF IOL, which was produced by SAV-IOL SA and is situated at Route des Falaises 74 in Neuchatel, Switzerland, was successfully implanted. The patients' ages ranged from 51 to 82. SAV-IOL SA, located at 74 Route des Falaises in Neuchatel, Switzerland, served as the location for the surgical procedure. Switzerland is home to the city in question. During the course of the three-month follow-up period, the patients' uncorrected near vision (UNVA), distance-corrected near vision (DCNVA), uncorrected and corrected distance vision (UDVA and CDVA), monocular defocus curves, and refractive outcomes were evaluated. Result: "The postoperative mean values for UDVA, UNVA, and DCNVA were 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.19, 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.24, and 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.38, respectively. The average distance-corrected visual acuity was over 0.30 between +1.02 and 1.52 D defocus. After cataract surgery, the Synthesis + EDOF IOL provides functional far, intermediate, and close vision. A micro-monovision method might boost this new IOL's near-visual performance. Clinical investigations should confirm this pilot study's findings.
Histopathological Study of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopic Biopsies in a Teaching Hospital
Authors:   Department of Pathology, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Ganesan Keerthini , Viswanathan Singaravelu ,   Department of Plastic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, India., Prathipaa R. ,   ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India,, Kavyasree B. ,   Department of Transfusion Medicine, Balaji Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for the Disabled (BIRRD), Trust Hospital, TTD, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517501, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: When a patient has an upper gastrointestinal disorder-which frequently manifests as dyspepsia-upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered the preferred diagnostic procedure. Without a biopsy, endoscopy cannot be considered complete, and the most reliable method for diagnosing lesions seen during endoscopy is histopathology. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at A.C.S Medical College and Hospital for one year duration from July 2022 to July 2023. A total of fifty-five endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained; they were preserved in 10% formalin and regularly stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The majority was found to be 45.4% (25/40) of those aged 61-70, 36.3% (20/55) of those aged 51-60, and 18.1% (10/55) of those aged 40-50.Thirty patients (18.7%) had duodenal lesions, 80 cases (50%) had stomach lesions, and 50 cases (31.2%) had oesophageal lesions. Most upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies came from the stomach. Conclusion: Endoscopy is insufficient without biopsy, and the gold standard for diagnosing lesions seen during an endoscopy is histopathology. The particular location of mucosal lesions can be seen with the use of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Therefore, we may draw the conclusion that using these two approaches together offers a potent diagnostic tool for improved patient care.
Comparison of Deferasirox (Exjade\(^®\)) and Deferoxamine (Desferal\(^®\)) Effects on Iron Overload in Patients with Blood Transfusion-Dependent \(\beta\)-Thalassemia Major in Iraq
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Al-Kut Universal College, Iraq., Mosawi Ahmed Mohammed Taqi Al , Kadhim Haitham Mahmood ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare between the effects of two most common iron chelating agents (Deferasirox and Deferoxamine) used in the management of beta-thalassemia major. Materials and Methods: A Cross section study conducted in Thalassemia and hereditary blood Diseases Center of Kut hospitals in September 2022, all the included patients were of \(\beta\)-thalassemia major type those treated with blood transfusion and iron chelating agents. Patients were divided into two groups. First group included 20 patients receiving Deferasirox (Exjade) Novartis Europharm Basil, Switzerland and another group included 20 patients receiving Deferoxamine (Desferal) Novartis Europharm Basil, Switzerland as iron chelating agents. Both of them manufactured from Novartis Europharm- Basil, Switzerland. Results: The results showed that serum ferritin levels were significantly lowered in Exjade group compared to deferoxamine group indicating that, Exjade was more effective in reducing iron overload compared to deferoxamine. There were no significant differences for other laboratory investigations between the chelating agent groups. Conclusion: our study indicated that exjade is more effective than deferoxamine in treatment of iron overload so should using of exjade lead to decrease effects of iron on vital organs and minimized mortality rate of thalassemia.
Formulation and Evaluation of Minoxidil Loaded Submicron Emulsion Based Topical Gel for Treatment of Alopecia
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India., Narang Jasjeet Kaur , Narang Ramandeep Singh ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India., . Mehak ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Alopecia is a benign hair condition that causes reduced hair growth on the scalp and has afflicted populations worldwide. Aim: The present study is designed to formulate and characterize submicron emulsion-based topical gel containing an anti-hypertensive drug like minoxidil to overcome the adverse effects of conventional oral dosage forms & to provide an improved, targetted therapy for the treatment of alopecia. Methods: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method using a suitable combination of Clove oil (oil phase), Tween 20 (surfactant), and Transcutol P (co-surfactant). Results: The maximum submicron emulsion area obtained after constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams was found in S\(_{\text{mix}}\) ratio 4:1. The optimized submicron emulsion formulation (M5) exhibited a pH of 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.17, in vitro release of 95.08 \(\pm\) 0.36%, ex vivo permeation of 79.36 \(\pm\) 0.18%, the particle size of 181.3nm with an uniform particle size distribution \((<1)\) and optimum zeta potential (-8.80 mV). The optimized formulation (M5) was then converted to intogel formulation by adding different concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v) of gelling agents like Carbopol 934. Among them, M5\(_{2 w/v}\) was considered to be the optimized gel formulation based on different evaluation studies. The optimized submicron emulsion-based gel formulation also showed an inherited anti-oxidant potential and remained stable for three months at \(4^{\circ}\). Conclusion: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion-based topical gel formulation could be considered a beneficial nano-approach in contrast to other traditional topical dosage forms for treating alopecia.
Serum Human \(\beta\) Defensin (HBD-2) and Osteocalcin Levels in Menopausal Iraqi Women with Osteopenia
Authors:   University of Baghdad, College of Nursing, Department of Basic Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq., Ibrahim NoorAlhuda Kh , Mohammad Wasnaa J. ,   University of Baghdad, College of Nursing, Department of Basic Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq., Abdalwahab Sanan Th. ,   Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Iraq., Sameen Anfal S. ,   Chemical Specialists in the Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq.
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose: Osteopenia (OP) is a chronic and advanced condition that is often described by diminished bone mineral density (BMD), deteriorated bone tissue microarchitecture, and an elevated risk of fracture. The low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides known as Human Defensin (HBD-2) proteins are produced locally by keratinocytes in various tissues, including skin, mucosa, and bones. Osteocalcin, often called bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a tiny (49 amino acids) noncollagenous protein hormone in bone and dentin. It was initially discovered to be a calcium-binding protein. Material and Methods: Prospective study to evaluate the osteoblast's ability to produce and release osteocalcin makes it a noncollagenous protein, and has primary physiological roles include calcium ion homeostasis, maintaining an average rate of bone mineralization, preventing the aberrant development of hydroxyapatite crystals, and participating in bone remodeling via a negative feedback loop. In menopausal women with osteopenia, this study evaluates the osteocalcin and human beta-defensin 2 for their diagnostic potential. A small amount of venous blood, about 5 ml, was added to the tube and centrifuged for five minutes at a speed of 3 \(\times\) 103 rpm. The serum was put into an Eppendorf tube and stored in a freezer at -20 \(^\circ\)C before being tested. With the help of the specified equation, the body mass index is determined. Findings and Conclusion: Increasing serum HBD 2, osteocalcin levels in postmenopausal women with osteopenia plays an essential role in developing osteopenia to osteoporosis. Differences in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were seen among patients (as a sample) and controls; serum levels of HBD2 and osteocalcin were considerably lower in controls than in patients (p 0.01).
Comparative Study Between Intramedullary Nail and Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in Tibial Shaft Fracture
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ibn-Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq., Mazyon Ahmed S. , Jawad Mohammed Jaffer ,   Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq., Hamadallah Omar Abdulkader ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alyarmook Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2024

Background: Casting, open plate fixation, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, intramedullary nailing, and external fixation are some treatment options for tibial fractures. The aim of treatment is anatomical alignment with sufficient stability to permit early motion. The least invasive and most popular techniques are intramedullary nailing, external fixation, and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Aim of Study: To compare the clinical and functional outcome between Intramedullary nailing and external fixation and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in treating tibial shaft fracture. Patients and Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and other private hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, during a period of 17 months from September 2020 to January 2022, including a period of one year for follow-up. Patients were selected according to certain inclusion criteria and divided into two groups, each with 20 patients. IMN was treated by intramedullary nailing, and the MIPO group was treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Patients were followed up radiologically and clinically using the JETTS Lower Extremity Trauma Scale score. Result: The difference was significant (P< 0.05) regarding partial and full weight bearing, union time, and return to work. Ankle stiffness, implant irritation, and knee pain revealed significant differences. Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing and external fixation and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis are effective methods for the treatment of extra-articular tibial shaft fracture. They provided rigid fixation, preventing major complications and good functional and anatomical outcomes.
A Study of Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Bala Suman , Sharma Rohitash ,   Assistant Professor Department of Neurology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Khanna Shreshth ,   Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India., Singh Yashpal ,   Professor and Head of department of Neurology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Yadav Nikku ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Jolly Grant Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Dewan Yashbir ,   Professor Department of Neurosurgery, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Non-adherence to antiseizure medications is one of the main reasons for treatment failure and seizure recurrence. Objective: Evaluation of adherence and association with belief about antiseizure drugs in patients with epilepsy were examined. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of patients with epilepsy in the neurology department for six months. Patient adherence and persistence in long-term treatment continuation were assessed using the Modified Morisky Adherence Scale and Beliefs about Medicines questionnaire scale. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled out of which (46%) of the patients were adherent, 54% were non adherent to their medications. GTCS was the commonest seizure (58% ), followed by partial seizures (41% ) and unclassified seizures (1% ). Levetiracetam(37% ) was the commonest drug prescribed, followed by valproic acid(24% ), carbamazepine(19% ), oxcarbazepine(14% ), phenytoin(5% ), phenobarbitone (1% ). Male patients were found to be more adherent to drug therapy as compared to females. \((p< 0.05)\). Participants with higher education were highly (73% ) adherent to antiepileptic drugs, followed by high school (37% ) and primary school 33% ). The specific necessity score was significantly higher in the adherent group than the nonadherent group. Patients who believed that antiepileptic drugs do more harm than benefit were significantly more in the nonadherent group. Conclusions: Patient with high educational status, positive attitude, and belief toward therapy were found to be more adherent to their medication. Assessment of adherence to medication and counseling should be a routine part of management for better health care and quality of life.