bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUCTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE WATER-BEARING SYSTEM OF THE WARSAW-BERLIN ICE-MARGINAL VALLEY IN THE KOŚCIAN–WOLSZTYN AREA BASED ON LOCAL AND REGIONAL MODELS
Authors: DĄBROWSKI Stanisław , JANISZEWSKA Beata , RYNARZEWSKI Witold , STRABURZYŃSKA-JANISZEWSKA Renata
Published: September 2018

Hydrogeological research of river and ice-marginal valleys, which are conducted for groundwater resources assessment, involve modelling of local (map scale below 1 : 25 000) or regional (map scale below 1 : 50 000) systems. Usually, these systems are discrete water-bearing subsystems related to surface waters and ascent recharge from deep aquifers (Przybyłek, Dąbrowski, 2013), which require detailed reconstruction of recharge and drainage systems (Dąbrowski et al., 2011). This paper presents and compares the results of modelling research of the Warsaw-Berlin Ice-Marginal Valley in the Kościan–Wolsztyn area conducted on two circulation system models to estimate disposable resources. These are the local, two- aquifer model of the study area, developed using Hydrylib software in 2003, and the regional, four-aquifer model of the Obra catchment for the study area, created using Groundwater Vistas software in 2017.
STUDIES OF GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF AQUIFER PROPERTIES FOR THE MODEL STUDIES OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN THE GRUDZIĄDZ AREA
Authors: JAMORSKA Izabela , KRAWIEC Arkadiusz , MARCINIAK Marek
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of a preliminary study of geology and hydrogeological conditions of a Grudziądz groundwater intake. The focus of the study was to develop a conceptual model that will be used in further investigation to create a hydrogeological model. In the intake area two multi-aquifer formations have been distinguished: Quaternary and Paleocene-Cretaceous. The Quartenary multi-aquifer formation, which consists of two aquifers separated by poorly permeable rocks, is primary utility. Groundwater in the Paleocene-Cretaceous aquifer has an elevated mineral content, which makes it not usable. The intake is located near Grudziądz and areas of intense farming, which leads to a hazard of anthropopressure, and may have a negative impact on the groundwater quality and quantity. In-office work conducted for the preparation of article included gathering and description of archival data from over 120 years of intake existence. Data from 53 hydrogeological boreholes have been analyzed. In 2017, field work was also conducted, including several measurements
of water table in wells and piezometers of the intake. Water samples have also been collected for chemical analyses. An efficiency assessment of some observation wells has been made, establishing their hydrogeological parameters using the PARAMEX method.
THE EFFECTS OF MIXING UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE WATER IN THE CONDITIONS OF WATER DISCHARGE FROM THE EXCAVATION DRAINAGE – CASE STUDY OF THE POTOK SŁUŻEWIECKI IN WARSAW
Authors: JÓŹWIAK Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a typical problem for agglomeration areas, i.e. the discharge of drainage water from the excavation pit to the watercourse. In case of the Potok Służewiecki, the most important problem is a significant difference in the chemical composition
of surface and groundwater. An important part of the Potok Służewiecki water originates from polluted water discharged from rainwater sewage collectors. Discharged groundwater is mostly categorized as the quality class II, but significant concentrations of Fe and Mn reduce its categorization to quality class III. In order to determine the extent of changes in the chemical composition of the Potok Służewiecki water due to water mixing process, geochemical modelling in various quantitative ratios was carried out. Obtained results show lowering
of the pH and almost complete transition of all Fe speciations into the Fe3+ form, regardless of the mixing ration of ground and surface water. This implies the appearance of coloured water in the Potok Służewiecki. Therefore, assuming the use of additional aeration measures, the oxygen amount needed for complete removal of iron from groundwater before its discharge to the Potok Służewiecki was calculated. Possible impact of the Potok Służewiecki on the rock matrix before and after mixing with discharge water was also presented in the article.
AN EXAMPLE OF THE APPLICATION OF A FILTRATION MODEL TO THE PREDICTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF A DEEP-FOUNDED BUILDING ON GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES
Authors: KOWALÓW Mariusz , CHRYŚCINA Marta , WRÓBEL-HEN Małgorzata
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, for economical aspect, most of large cubature objects are constructed with underground storeys or car park areas. During the planning phase, it is important to design an optimal, economical and safe dewatering system and technical solutions aimed to eliminate the influence of underground structure on groundwater levels in the neighbourhood. Mathematical modelling of groundwater filtration allows creating a prognosis of excavation dewatering process and influence of new buildings on groundwater levels in subject areas during both execution and operation of structure. The paper presents an example of groundwater filtration modelling for a shopping mall in the centre of Budapest, using SPRING software. The project includes the construction of a large building with an underground story for cars. With filtration models, it was possible to assess the changes in groundwater flow fields caused by projected structure and its excavation dewatering system and the prognosis of groundwater levels around the building, taking into consideration the influence of the flood wave from the Danube on groundwater filtration in the investment area. Based on modelling results the suitable technical solutions were proposed, which allow limiting the effect on the surrounding buildings and the potential changes of water levels in the investment area.
ESTABLISHING OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DISPOSABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES BY MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors: RODZOCH Andrzej , MIAZ Dominik , JELENIEWICZ Grzegorz
Published: September 2018

A hydrogeologist often faces a serious difficulty in estimation of available groundwater resources. In contrast to renewable water resources, which are valuable for a study area and estimated with greater or lower precision depending on the quality of available data, disposable groundwater resources cannot be treated as a natural and relatively constant characteristic of the management area, because their size and spatial distribution depend on criteria assumed to set an optimal way for managing water supplies. Since those criteria can be defined in various ways and their significance can vary as well, spatial distribution of groundwater resources and their size can theoretically have infinite number of equally correct solutions. They can be only treated as optimal for a strictly specified set of criteria and therefore can be modified according to different needs and assumed priorities. Interpreted this way, they can only be calculated by the use of model simulation, because only a mathematical model is an effective tool for making such multi-criteria analyses. The paper presents an approach for setting criteria that limit the input and output control data, applied by HYDREKO in the process of spatial distribution of disposable groundwater resources.
An example of use of this method is presented for the management area P-XVIII Dolna Warta (Rodzoch et al., 2017).
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF WATER PUMPING FROM DEPRESSION AREAS ON THE WATER CONDITIONS OF NATURA 2000 PEATBOG “UROCZYSKA W LASACH STEPNICKICH” BASED ON HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING
Authors: SOLOVEY Tatiana , JANICA Rafał
Published: September 2018

Both the lack of a continuously functioning drainage system and the neglect of the drainage infrastructure result in restoration of natural sinking processes in depression areas on the eastern side of the Odra River estuary and the Szczecin Lagoon. Persistent restoration of natural habitats can be observed in these areas. The impact of water pumping at depression areas on the dynamics of the first (shallow) aquifer was analysed in the Natura 2000 site called “Uroczyska w Lasach Stepnickich PLH320033”. Simulation of the impact of water pumping on lowering of groundwater levels based on hydrodynamic modelling shows that the minimum groundwater level variations in the depression range occur only in a small southern part of the area, and the impact is of short-term nature. The basic factor affecting shallow groundwater in the analysed area is the water table level in the Odra River. The threat to natural habitats, especially in the “Uroczysko Święta” reserve, is associated with their progressive flooding, which occurs as a result of a systematic decrease in the amount of water being pumped.
Application of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Coupled with a Diode Array Detector (CZE-DAD) for Simultaneous Analysis of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine
Authors: Ragab Marwa A A , Abdel-Hay Mohamed H , Ahmed Hytham M , Mohyeldin Sara M
Published: September 2018

Background: A validated method based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with a diode array detector (CZE-DAD) was investigatedfor analyzing binary mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) andphenylephrine (PHE) in their bulk and combined dosage form. Objective: This binary mixture is a challenging one as IBU is acidic and PHEis alkaline, which may affect their simultaneous analysis using CZE. The literature lacks any CZE report for IBU and PHE simultaneous analysis. Methods: Fused silica capillary (85 cm × 75 μm id) was used, and the electrolyte was a 50 mM borate buffer adjusted to pH 11 with 0.5 M NaOH. Results: The concentration ranges were 5–200 and 5–100 μg/mL for IBU and PHE, respectively, using CZE. High efficiency was achieved (N > 92990). Reasonable migration time (tm) was attained (tm< 8.5 min). Conclusions: Although the results obtained by the proposed CZE method and reported HPLC method were statistically comparable, the proposed method showed lower linearity ranges, higher efficiency, and a more reasonable run time. Highlights: CZE-DAD was used for the analysis of IBU and PHE in bulk and tablets, as no report was foundfor their determination using CZE. Binary mixture is challenging due to differences in chemical and physical properties. A detailed discussion of electrophoretic parameters optimization is included. Confirmation of peak purity was attained using DAD.
CO2 Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil of Jordanian Rosemary
Authors: Allawzi Mamdouh , Allaboun Hussein , Almasri Atheer
Published: September 2018

Background: Experimental investigation of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of active ingredients from rosemary herb has been performed. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a solvent with ethanol as a trapping agent. This work showed that the SFE can be an exceptional alternative to the use of chemical solvents. Objective: The effect of temperature and pressure on the extraction process was investigated to increase the yield of the extracted essential components. Methods: The types of extracted compounds from rosemary were specified and analyzed using GC-MS. Results: The results indicated that several essential active ingredient compounds were extracted. Furthermore, the pressure affects the extraction, as the composition ofsome compounds increases with a pressure increase. Conclusions: SFE can be used to extract valuable active ingredients from rosemary. Two process parameters were investigated, namely, pressure and temperature, which indicate that SFE is aselective process for the production of certain constituents. Highlights: Some of themain components of the essential oil of Jordanianrosemary obtained in this study have important applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Forinstance, α-pinene is one of the main raw compounds used in the perfume industry.
A Epistemologia da Ciência da Religião—Elementos para uma visão deflacionária
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Rodrigues da
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste modesto ensaio é apresentar alguns desafios para a Ciência da Religião no Brasil, no plano epistemológico, assim como eu os entendo a partir de minha experiência pessoal. Ele leva em conta tanto discussões recentes na área da epistemologia como na da filosofia das ciências naturais, procurando deflacionar o debate sobre a epistemologia. Apresentamos algumas definições e depois aspectos do pensamento de Michael Pye, que defende pluralidade de métodos e objetos, sem que a Ciência da Religião se limite a uma constelação inarticulada de disciplinas mais básicas. Alertamos também para o fato de que a epistemologia de nossa disciplina tem mais em comum com aquela de outras ciências afins do que usualmente admitimos. Destacamos a seguir um aspecto na teoria da ciência, a “epistemologia da virtude”, que contempla valores epistêmicos, cognitivos e morais. Apresentamos duas correntes dela: confiabilista (foco no conhecimento) e responsabilista (foco no sujeito). Por fim lançamos uma advertência sobre a confusão entre valores epistêmicos, morais e políticas, quando a militância sobrepuja a preocupação em produzir conhecimento empiricamente validado.
What You Feel Is What You See: A Binding Perspective on Evaluative Conditioning
Authors: Walther Eva , Halbeisen Georg , Blask Katarina
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we outline the predominant theoretical perspectives on evaluative conditioning (EC)—the changes in liking that are due to the pairing of stimuli—identify their weaknesses, and propose a new framework, the binding perspective on EC, which might help to overcome at least some of these issues. Based on feature integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980, https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5) and the theory of event coding (TEC; Hommel, Müsseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X01000103), we assume that EC depends on a selective integration mechanism that binds relevant CS, US, and action features into an event-file, while simultaneously inhibiting features irrelevant for current goals. This perspective examines hitherto unspecified processes relevant to the encoding of CS-US pairs and their consequences for behavior, which we hope will stimulate further theoretical development. We also present some preliminary evidence for binding in EC and discuss the scope and limitations of this perspective.
The Implicit Misattribution Model of Evaluative Conditioning
Authors: March David S. , Olson Micheal A. , Fazio Russell H.
Published: September 2018

Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to a change in one’s attitude toward an object based on its contiguous pairing with other positive or negative objects. EC can, in principle, occur through multiple mechanisms, some more and some less thoughtful. We argue that one relatively low-thought route through which EC produces evaluative change is implicit misattribution. Our Implicit Misattribution Model (IMM) is premised on research indicating: a) attributional thinking is pervasive and relatively automatic, b) affective experiences are pervasive and relatively automatic, and c) errors in automatic attributional processing can lead to misattribution of affect from one object to another, resulting in the latter object taking on the affect produced by the former. Research employing the “surveillance paradigm” we developed provides support for the model, particularly its key moderating variable, source confusability. We further discuss assumptions of the model in terms of encoding, storage, and retrieval/application of the conditioned attitude, as well as the role of contingency awareness and other central issues in the EC literature.
Propositional Models of Evaluative Conditioning
Authors: De Houwer Jan
Published: September 2018

Although propositional models of associative learning are often referred to in the literature on evaluative conditioning (EC), it has not yet been clearly stipulated what propositional models of EC entail. The aim of this paper is to describe in more detail the assumptions of propositional models of EC. This includes a discussion of the core assumption that EC is mediated by propositions about stimulus relations, as well as assumptions about the processes via which those propositions are formed and influence liking. Based on this discussion, I put forward the Integrated Propositional Model that combines a number of these assumptions and discuss some of the predictions that can be derived from this model. The paper ends with a reflection on the limitations and strengths of propositional models of EC.
Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome associated with extension of flexor digitorum muscle bellies into the carpal tunnel: A case series
Authors: Castillo Rochelle , Sheth Khushboo , Babigian Alan , Scola Christopher
Published: September 2018

While the success or failure of carpal tunnel release ultimately depends on the interplay of a wide array of factors, a broad understanding of the normal anatomy of the carpal tunnel accompanied by awareness of the possible variations of the individual structures that make up its contents is crucial to optimizing surgical outcomes. While anatomic variants such as extension of the flexor digitorum muscle bellies have been described as a cause of primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), there have been no reports depicting its association with recurrent CTS following initially successful carpal tunnel release, a finding with potentially significant prognostic implications that can aid in operative planning. In such cases where muscle extension is identified preoperatively, careful debulking of the muscle belly may be beneficial in improving long-term surgical outcomes.
Development of an easy-to-handle murine model for the characterization of radiation-induced gross and molecular changes in skin
Authors: Chang Hsien Pin , Cho Jae Ho , Lee Won Jai , Roh Hyun , Lee Dong Won
Published: September 2018

Background Radiation-induced skin injury is a dose-limiting complication of radiotherapy. To investigate this problem and to develop a framework for making decisions on treatment and dose prescription, a murine model of radiation-induced skin injury was developed.

Methods The dorsal skin of the mice was isolated, and irradiation was applied at single doses of 15, 30, and 50 Gy. The mice were followed for 12 weeks with serial photography and laser Doppler analysis. Sequential skin biopsy samples were obtained and subjected to a histological analysis, immunostaining against transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Western blotting with Wnt-3 and β-catenin. Increases in the levels of TGF-β, Wnt, and β-catenin were detected after irradiation.

Results All tested radiation doses caused progressive dermal thickening and fibrosis. The cause of this process, however, may not be radiation alone, as the natural course of wound healing may elicit a similar response. The latent appearance of molecular and histological markers that induce fibrosis in the 15 Gy group without causing apparent gross skin injuries indicates that 15 Gy is an appropriate dose for characterizing the effects of chronic irradiation alone. Thus, this model best mimics the patterns of injury that occur in human subjects.

Conclusions This animal model can be used to elucidate the gross and molecular changes that occur in radiation-induced skin injury and provides an effective platform for studying this adverse effect without complicating the process of wound healing.
Location of the umbilicus in Korean women and its changes after breast reconstruction with an ipsilateral pedicled rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Oh Sangho , Jeon Hyojin , Son Daegu
Published: September 2018

Background The umbilicus makes an important contribution to the natural appearance of the abdomen. To date, studies on its position in Korean women are lacking, and no standards have been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of umbilicus in Korean women and to review changes in its position after ipsilateral pedicled rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (IP-RAM) flap.

Methods This research consisted of two studies. In first study, 100 females who visited the emergency department with gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2011 were included. In second study, 40 women who underwent IP-RAM flap in the same period were included. Using abdominal computed tomography, we measured the distance between xiphoid process and umbilicus, represented by value a, and the distance between umbilicus and symphysis pubis, represented by value b. Thus, the location of the umbilicus was represented by the ratio a/b. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and paired t-test.

Results In study 1, the mean value of a/b was 1.07. Pearson correlation test revealed a significant correlation between age and a/b. In study 2, the mean value of a/b was 1.16 in preoperative measurements and 1.01 in postoperative measurements. The paired t-test showed a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements, indicating cephalic migration of the umbilicus after surgery.

Conclusions The natural position of the umbilicus showed caudal migration with aging. Additionally, in a comparison of preoperative and postoperative measurements in patients who underwent IP-RAM flap, cephalic migration of the umbilicus was observed after surgery.
Diversidade de nematoides em agroecossistema do algodão no Mato Grosso
Authors: Zavislak Francieli Dominiki , Araújo Dejânia Vieira , Maciel Vanderlei Antunes , Laurindo de Oliveira Kethelin Cristine
Published: September 2018

A cultura do algodão tem grande importância econômica e social para o Brasil, no entanto proporciona também impactos ambientais relevantes. Para mensurar esses impactos faz-se uso da dinâmica populacional de nematoides em agroecossistemas como indicador de qualidade de solos. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de nematoides em habitat cultivado com algodão em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura. Foram coletadas duas amostras de solo, na profundidade de 30 cm, por área (talhão) e estádio fenológico (inicial, antes da cultura ser implantada; vegetativo; reprodutivo e maturidade fisiológica). Foram realizadas as análises de riqueza, abundância, frequência de ocorrência (FO), índice pontual de abundância (IPA), índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e registrados os dados meteorológicos. No total foram identificados 4.400 indivíduos (abundância), distribuídos em seis famílias (Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Pratylenchidae e Tylenchidae). Os gêneros predominantes foram Helicotylenchus (64,77%), Pratylenchus (15,45%) e Aphelenchus (9,32%). Em todas as amostras, o número de indivíduos fitoparasitas foi maior que o de micófagos. Os estádios vegetativo e de maturação fisiológica, apresentaram a maior população de micófagos no talhão 5 (Th5) e no estádio inicial e na maturação fisiológica no talhão 11 (Th11). Quanto à riqueza, os dois talhões apresentaram o mesmo número de gêneros. Sendo identificado como exclusivos o gênero Meloidogyne no Th5 e o gênero Tylenchus no Th11. Considerando a FO, os gêneros Aphelenchus, Helicotylenchus e Pratylenchus foram observados em 75% das amostras no Th5 e Helicotylenchus (100%) e Pratylenchus (50%) no Th11. Resultados semelhantes da FO foram observados para o IPA, acrescentando-se o gênero Aphelenchoides no Th11. Quanto ao H’, observou-se uma diversidade total de 0,60 com o valor do Th5 inferior ao Th11. Ao analisar a correspondência canônica (CCA), observou-se que os dados meteorológicos não interferiram diretamente na flutuação populacional de nematoides nos dois talhões. Sendo assim, observou-se que a comunidade de nematoides estudada neste trabalho, foi composta na maior parte, pela população de fitoparasitas e a maturidade fisiológica do algodoeiro foi o estádio fenológico com a maior obtenção de indivíduos tanto fitoparasitas quanto micófagos.
Perspectives of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis on Drug Treatment
Authors: Lynd Larry D. , Henrich Natalie J. , Hategeka Celestin , Marra Carlo A. , Mittmann Nicole , Evans Charity , Traboulsee Anthony L.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Patients experience multiple sclerosis (MS) differently based on their disease type and other factors. This study aimed to explore the relative importance that patients with MS place on various attributes of MS drug therapies and to elucidate these patients' preferences regarding treatment characteristics such as administration, potential benefits, and side effects of the therapies.

Methods:

Focus groups were conducted in Vancouver, Canada, with 23 adult patients with MS. Participants were interviewed in three groups based on disease category and MS treatment experience: treatment-naive, non–treatment-naive relapsing-remitting and non–treatment-naive progressive MS.

Results:

Overall, the most important characteristics of MS drugs were effectiveness and side effects. As such, there is hesitancy about trying new-to-market drugs because the risks, benefits, and costs may not be well known. Participants valued stability in their treatment and generally did not want to take on the additional risk of trying a new drug if they felt that their current medication was providing benefit. Convenience and method of administration were secondary considerations that would generally be valued only if expected risks and benefits were considered equal or superior.

Conclusions:

This qualitative study shows that patients consider the impact and likelihood of benefits and side effects first and foremost when making drug treatment decisions and that other factors, such as convenience and method of administration, are of secondary concern.
Species turnover reveals hidden effects of decreasing nitrogen deposition in mountain hay meadows
Authors: Roth Tobias , Kohli Lukas , Bühler Christoph , Rihm Beat , Meuli Reto Giulio , Meier Reto , Amrhein Valentin
Published: September 2018

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a major threat to biodiversity in many habitats. The recent introduction of cleaner technologies in Switzerland has led to a reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides, with an according decrease in N deposition. We examined different drivers of plant community change, i.e. N deposition, climate warming, and land-use change, in Swiss mountain hay meadows, using data from the Swiss biodiversity monitoring. We compared indicator values of species that disappeared from or colonized a site (species turnover) with the indicator values of randomly chosen species from the same site. While oligotrophic plant species were more likely to colonize, compared to random expectation, we found only weak shifts in plant community structure. In particular, the average nutrient value of plant communities remained stable over time (2003-2017). However, we found that the nutrient values of colonizing species showed the largest deviations from random expectation, suggesting that N deposition or other factors that change the nutrient content of soils were important drivers of the species composition change over the last 15 years in Swiss mountain hay meadows. In addition, we observed an overall replacement of species with lower indicator values for temperature with species with higher values. Apparently, the community effects of the replacement of eutrophic species with oligotrophic species was outweighed by climate warming. Our results add to the increasing evidence that inferring species turnover will generate a far more reliable understanding of the biotic response to changing environments than solely tracking average community composition.
Advances in cultivation, wastewater treatment application, bioactive components of Caulerpa lentillifera and their biotechnological applications
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Sun Yuhao , Liu Hong , Liu Song , Qin Yukun , Li Pengcheng
Published: September 2018

The edible seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera, a powerful natural food source that is rich in protein, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, has been mass cultured in some Asian countries and has been the focus of researchers in recent years. Here, the operational conditions of its culture, application in wastewater treatment, and bioactive components are summarized and comparatively analyzed. Based on previous studies, salinity, nutrient concentrations, irradiance and temperature are stress factors for algal growth. Moreover, dried Caulerpa lentillifera seaweed is efficient in the biosorption of heavy metals and cationic dyes in wastewater, and fresh seaweed can be introduced as a biofilter in aquaculture system treatment. In addition, among the rich bioactive compounds in Caulerpa lentillifera, the phenolic compounds show the potential ability for regulating glucose metabolism in vivo. Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides exhibit anticoagulant, immunomodulatory effects and cancer-preventing activity. Siphonaxanthin is a compound with attractive novel functions in cancer-preventing activity and lipogenesis-inhibiting effects. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of siphonaxanthin extracted from Caulerpa lentillifera could be stronger than that of astaxanthin. This review offers an overview of studies of Caulerpa lentillifera addressing various aspects including cultivation, wastewater treatment and biological active components which may provide valuable information for the cultivation and utilization of this green alga.
Globalización y orden político: los orígenes de la integración económica mundial y sus consecuencias
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: September 2018

In this article the author puts forth a series of considerations concerning globalization that include both a historical and theoretical analysis of this process. lt is argued that this new global reality is generated by several dynamics that go beyond the simple economic tendency towards market liberalization and integration. The text sustains that globalization is based upon a strong political component that is generally overlooked or undervalued, and that this process has persisted due to a tacit agreement that exists between developed democracies,among which sufficient levéis of mutual confidence exist. Finally, the author highlights the importance of those social and political institutions that pertain to the international order, whose mission ai present is to control the consequences of market globalization in lesser developed countries, and thus sustain the globalizing process.
El ataque a las torres y el dramático inicio del siglo XXI
Authors: Fazio Vengoa Hugo
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes the terrorist attacks of September 11 in relation to the evolution of the international system. The author discusses the motivations behind the attacks, as well as evaluating their consequences and those of the international acions designed to counteract this threat, for the international system. The distinct postures adopted by the United States in light of the events of September 11, and the implications of shifts in U.S. foreign policy orientations for the foreign policies of other countries are also studied. Finally, the author highlights the onset of significant transformations in the role of the state, conceptions of security, international economic development and the globalization process, while identifying new opportunities for a more positive role on the part of the international community in modifying current sentiments of polarization and fear that charaderize the global crusade against terrorism.
El amor, la decepción y cómo aprovechar la realidad: la relación México-Estados Unidos. 2000-2003
Authors: Fernández de Castro Rafael , Rozental Andrés
Published: September 2018

In this article the authors sustain that president Vicente Fox’s ambiguous response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, in combination with Mexico's decision not to support the U.S. Ied coalition in Iraq, marked the transition from honeymoon to mutual deception between the presidents of Mexico and the United States. Nevertheless, the importance of the bilateral relationship for the two countries has facilitated the preservation of pragmatic cooperation. The text concludes with a series of recommendations for improving the state of Mexican-U.S. relations during the final years of the Fox government.
Bailarinas exóticas, striptease e inmigración en Canadá
Authors: Díaz Barrero Gloria Patricia
Published: September 2018

This article is the product of exploratory field research conducted in Toronto, Canada. It consists of in-depth interviews of Latin American women from diverse countries who obtained temporary work visas as exotic dancers. The objective of the study is to determine the ways in which women are recruited in their countries of origin, transported to Canada and what happens to them upon arrival. The author proposes that the conditions inherent to migration, more than women’s legal status, determines their emotional, economic and legal well-being. However, upon obtaining legal residency in Canada, abuse committed by employers and state agents is significantly reduced.
Percepciones venezolanas sobre la crisis de Colombia
Authors: Kornblith Miriam
Published: September 2018

This paper analyzes the effects of the Colombian conflict in Venezuela and the perceptions of threat of the country’s leading political actors regarding Colombia’s security crisis. The author discusses the tangible consequences of the Colombian conflict in Venezuela. Second, the ways in which the security crisis has been perceived and politically maneuvered by the Venezuelan government is explored. Finally, the article traces the interaction been the securitization of security and defense issues in Venezuela, and perceptions about the Colombian security crisis and its effects.
Seguridad y fronteras en Norteamérica: del TLCAN a la ASPAN
Authors: Benítez Manaut Raúl , Rodríguez Ulloa Carlos
Published: September 2018

Following 9/11, United States proposals to Canada and Mexico to collaborate in the area of security have grown, primarily to prevent terrorists from entering U.S. territory. The United States signed smart border agreements with both countries in 2001 and 2002, in addition to strengthening cooperative defense accords. In 2005, a new tri-national treaty was signed, the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), in which security and defense matters have begun to be articulated with economic and social elements. This process has been controversial primarily due to conflict between integrationist postures and nationalist postures concerning issues such as security. This document analyzes the strengths and the limitations of this tri-national security agreement.
Nuevas teorías de la democracia de la democracia formal a la democracia deliberativa
Authors: Mejía Quintana Oscar , Jiménez Carolina
Published: September 2018

Neoliberalism conceives of democracy in capitalist terms, deprived of its utopic and normative dimensions in the name of the market and efficiency. The resulting political model, restricted and neoconservative in nature, depoliticizes the concept of the citizen, negates state intervention, narrows the political environment, frees the economy from political interventions and deteriorates the meaning and reaching of the public sphere. Given this problematic, the article analyzes the plausibility of distinct theoretical reflections on democracy from a postliberal (Rawls), socialist (Habermas) and postsocialist perspective, based upon the Frankfurt School’s third generation discussions of radical democracy, Negri and Hardt’s analyses of real democracy, postmodern republicanism’s disputatory democracy, and Touraine’s liberation democracy. In this vein, the article also identifies democracy’s “escape points” by examining this model’s emancipatory potential through authors such as Agamben, Zizek and Virno.
Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo en la era neoliberal: ampliando objetivos para unir el pasado,el presente y el futuro
Authors: Borland Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

More than 25 years after their sons and daughters were disappeared, Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo continue to march for justice every week and have a prominent role in Argentina’s social movement sector. They have extended their fight against impunity to include demands for peace and human rights around the world, and to address neoliberalism and the recent economic crisis in Argentina. How have the Madres broadened their resistance by expanding their goals? This paper chronicles the contemporary work of the Madres and documents their presence in the progressive movements organizing in modern Argentina. Drawing on media reports, qualitative fieldwork on their activities in Buenos Aires in 2002-2003, published accounts, and organizational documents and publications, I show how the Madres have expanded their goals to critique neoliberalism and its consequences. They exercise their moral authority in collective action frames that draw connections between past and present, and explain and support the expansion of their goals.
La compleja y ambigua repolitización de América Latina
Authors: Orjuela E. Luis Javier
Published: September 2018

In opposition to some scholars who maintain that analyzing Latin America’s current political situation using the concepts of left and right is inadequate, the author afirms that such concepts are not only pertinent for interpreting the region’s situation, but also represent the regionȁs current repolitization since that conceptual dichotomy expresses the confrontational character of politics. Such confrontational character disappeared in the 80’s and 90’s due to three factors: authoritarian regimes, neoliberalism, and the left’s ambiguous attitude towards its participation in the political democratic game and in elections. The current repolitization expresses itself in the left’s revalorization of democracy, its rejection of neoliberal reforms and the anticapitalism of some of its sectors. On the other side, the ambiguity and complexity of such repolitization expresses itself in the hibridation of leftist politics into a radical, moderate, populist, and ethnic left, which characterizes some of the region’s current political regimes.
¿Bondad o estrategia? Tejiendo responsabilidad social en el mundo del carbón
Authors: Sarmiento Nataly
Published: September 2018

This article questions the motivations of multinational corporations in adopting Social Responsibility policies in developing countries. To this end, the article compares the case of Drummond Ltd. and Carbones del Cerrejón Ltd. in Colombia. The study demonstrated that the companies respond in different ways to the institutional restrictions and pressures and that therefore their initiatives in social responsibility rise amidst specific institutional contexts. It concludes that the motivations that both multinationals have to adopt social responsibility policies are divided in two categories: internal and external. As a result, the main contribution of this article to the literature in this field was the development of a bidimensional model of Social Responsibility in which the institutional factors constitute the basis of behavior of multinational corporations.
Constitución fiscal y equilibrio de las finanzas públicas. Efectos de la Constitución de 1991 sobre la economía política del financiamiento del gasto público en Colombia
Authors: Gandour Pordominsky Miguel
Published: September 2018

This paper seeks to explain the increase in the level of Colombian Central Government debt as a result of the change in the rules that restrict the decisions of fiscal policy –i.e. fiscal constitution- involved in the new Constitution. The paper assumes that the Government is an agent that weighs the costs and benefits of its decisions in a context of political and economic institutions. First, the main changes in the rules that apply to the financing alternatives for government spending, different from debt, are shown. Then, the main changes to the rules regarding the creation of debt. Lastly, it concludes that the change in the fiscal situation of the Government is an outcome of the reduction of the relative price of debt compared with other financing options.
El conflicto palestino-israelí. Una propuesta para la negociación
Authors: Bosemberg Luis E.
Published: September 2018

The article proposes that, to accomplish true peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, four fundamental issues must be the subject of negotiations: the question of the Palestinian State, the issue of Jerusalem, the Palestinian refugees and the Jewish colonies. This article does a historic exploration of the apparition of said questions, to then recount the events of Camp David II, the year 2000, the last summit where an attempt was made to negotiate on these problems and, finally, suggest why these issues are so important.
Natural Resource Types and Conflict Termination Initiatives
Authors: Le Billon Philippe
Published: September 2018

There is mounting evidence that natural resources can influence the likelihood, course and outcome of armed conflicts. Much of these relationships depend on the institutional setting in which the conflict and resource exploitation occurs, and the specific characteristics of resources involved. This paper examines the relevance of two broad resource characteristics—lootability and legality—for conflict termination initiatives. Observing revenue sharing, economic sanction and military interventions in a total of 26 conflicts between 1989 and 2006, the paper suggests that resource characteristics can affect the effectiveness of resource-related conflict termination instruments.
Los municipios colombianos y el conflicto armado. Una mirada a los efectos sobre la efectividad en el desempeño de los gobiernos locales
Authors: Rodríguez Takeuchi Laura Kiku
Published: September 2018

In Colombia, the coexistence of democracy and armed conflict is considered to be a paradox (Posada 2006). This work intends to shed light on the consequences of armed conflict on the local levels of government, particularly on the effectiveness of the Colombian municipalities in providing basic services. In order to do that, I use municipal data from 2005 and, through an econometric analysis that includes spatial correlations, evaluate the impact of armed conflict on several health, education and basic sanitation indicators. The results show that armed conflict has affected the government effectiveness in providing such services. This leads one to think that, at least at the local levels, armed conflict would be putting at risk one of the basic principles of decentralization, the capacity to satisfy citizens’ needs through public service provision.
Linking HIV/AIDS, National Security and Conflict
Authors: Tornqvist Caroline
Published: September 2018

An estimated 33 million people are today infected with HIV, many living in conflict or post conflict settings. The international community is increasingly recognising the effect HIV/AIDS can have on national security and conflict, both exacerbating conflict and being an obstacle to peace. The article argues for considering HIV/AIDS as a security issue and concludes four main theories on the links between HIV/AIDS, national security and conflict: 1. Uniformed personnel as a vector of HIV, 2. National security threatened by HIV/AIDS affected state institutions, 3. Increased vulnerability to HIV infection in conflict and post-conflict environments, and 4. HIV as an obstacle to peace building. These four theories are explored in the Colombian context. Of the four theories investigated it was found that 1 and 3 presented the strongest linkages between HIV/AIDS, national security and conflict. The theories 2 and 4 were less strong, mainly due to the relatively low HIV prevalence rate in Colombia.
De secuestros y adopciones: el circuito institucional de la apropiación criminal de niños en Argentina (1976-1983)
Authors: Villalta Carla
Published: September 2018

By analyzing cases of appropriated children who were put up for adoption during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983), this article examines the institutional machinery, bureaucratic routines, and the prevailing social feelings during those years with regard to these adoptions. It describes and contextualizes the values associated with adoption, the narratives about child abandonment, and the everyday procedures and practices that formed the environment in which the criminal appropriation of children was normalized and attempted to be made legal.
“Ciudadanos de un pueblo libre”: liberalismo popular y raza en el suroccidente de Colombia en el siglo XIX
Authors: Sanders James E.
Published: September 2018

This article explores how popular classes, especially Afro-Colombians, created an alliance with the Liberal Party in the Cauca region of Colombia during the mid-nineteenth century. Afro-Caucanos negotiated with elite leaders of the party, trading their votes and service as soldiers in the civil wars of the era for a variety of social, economic and political gains, including the abolition of slavery, access to commons, the reduction of aguardiente monopolies, and obtaining the status of citizens. Afro-Caucanos also redefined citizenship, imagining a popular liberalism in distinct ways from the conceptions of Liberal elites, investing it with more powerful notions of liberty and equality. In the 1870s, the alliance began to fracture as elite Liberals refused to break the hacienda system and grant land rights to their popular supporters.
Economía y racionalidad de las organizaciones. Los aportes de Herbert A. Simon
Authors: Estrada Fernando
Published: September 2018

This article evaluates Herbert A. Simons contribution to organization theory, placing special emphasis on the idea of bounded rationality. It interprets Simons criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy and extends his analysis to the institutional economics. One of Simons main achievements in organizational theory was analytically evaluating individual and collective behavior, clearing the way for the future studies of D. Kahneman and T. Schelling.
La libertad entre lo visible y lo invisible: límites y alcances de lo sublime kantiano
Authors: Amaya-Villarreal Ana María
Published: September 2018

The following essay is a view of the Kantian reflection on the sublime in light of an interpretation that understands the Critique of Judgement as a project that is born from a concern for the relationship that appears within the sensible and suprasensible dimension of the human being. Influenced by the view presented by Lyotard in Lessons on the analytics of the sublime, I explore some of the consequences brought on for the comprehension of Kantian morality and freedom by its contact with the category of the sublime.
Persistent coding of outcome-predictive cue features in the rat nucleus accumbens
Authors: Gmaz Jimmie M , Carmichael James E , van der Meer Matthijs AA
Published: September 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is important for learning from feedback, and for biasing and invigorating behaviour in response to cues that predict motivationally relevant outcomes. NAc encodes outcome-related cue features such as the magnitude and identity of reward. However, little is known about how features of cues themselves are encoded. We designed a decision making task where rats learned multiple sets of outcome-predictive cues, and recorded single-unit activity in the NAc during performance. We found that coding of cue identity and location occurred alongside coding of expected outcome. Furthermore, this coding persisted both during a delay period, after the rat made a decision and was waiting for an outcome, and after the outcome was revealed. Encoding of cue features in the NAc may enable contextual modulation of on-going behaviour, and provide an eligibility trace of outcome-predictive stimuli for updating stimulus-outcome associations to inform future behaviour.