bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best practices for flexible endoscope high-level disinfection-an integrative review
Authors:   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Romito Kenneth , Bradley David F. ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Mitchell Christy V. ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Atwood Bethany ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Eberhardt Gina L. ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Smith Joshua D. ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Baza Gaston ,   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Graduate School of Nursing, Fedderson Daniel ,   Madigan Army Medical Center 9040A Jackson Ave, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, Belew Crystal ,   Air War College 325 Chennault Cir, Montgomery
Published: May 2023

Background: Flexible endoscopes have a complicated design which includes several small lumen channels intended to facilitate the flow of fluids, tissue, and tools through the length of the device. This complex design leads to reprocessing challenges for high-level disinfection (HLD) to ensure endoscopes are free from contaminants that could lead to hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this project was to identify optimal strategies and obstacles for each stage of flexible endoscope HLD through an integrative review with the goal of achieving reprocessing excellence. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline and CINAHL databases. A total of 32 articles and six guidelines were included in the review. Results: Ten elements with best-practice recommendations of flexible endoscope HLD have been identified. The HLD elements that received the most literature support include quality assurance/process monitoring and manual cleaning/decontamination. Several barriers to the adequate performance of HLD elements were also identified. Conclusion: This integrative review applied varying levels of rigour to identify and synthesize best practices for the following HLD elements: point-of-use treatment, transport, leak testing, manual cleaning/decontamination, visual inspection, manual or automated HLD, rinsing/drying, storage/hang time, record keeping, and quality assurance/process monitoring.
Concepções de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II sobre morcegos
Authors: Teles Mônica Oliveira , Filho Henrique Ortêncio
Published: May 2023

Os morcegos são animais noturnos, comumente associados à disseminação de doenças e, também, a histórias fantasiosas envolvendo ratos com asas e vampiros. No entanto, esses animais desempenham papéis ecológicos, como, a polinização, a dispersão de sementes e o controle populacional de outros animais. Deste modo, o presente estudo objetivou reconhecer as concepções dos estudantes do 7º ano de um Colégio Estadual, no sul do Brasil, sobre os morcegos frente à realização de uma ação educativa sobre o tema. Foram determinadas as concepções prévias dos estudantes, por meio de entrevista, constituída de questões norteadoras, com 30 estudantes. Em seguida, houve a realização de uma oficina com o tema “Características e importância ecológica dos morcegos”. Após intervalo de três meses da ação, foram aplicadas as mesmas perguntas aos estudantes. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada com a finalidade de reconhecer o teor latente das entrevistas. Foram identificadas modificações positivas nas concepções dos estudantes sobre os morcegos. Na categorização da análise, a unidade sobre lendas populares teve baixa representatividade nas respostas, enquanto os discursos pautados com conhecimento científico e nas associações dos conteúdos passaram a predominar na fala dos estudantes, reforçando a importância da realização de ações educativas sobre aspectos voltados à conservação da natureza.
Desenvolvimento e Validação de um Objeto de Aprendizagem para Ensino de Modelagem de Linhas de Transmissão Empregando Quadripolos
Authors: Aguiar Junior Edisio Alves de , Monteiro Barzan Alex Felipe , Pereira Marques Ramos Luiz Fernando , Gomes Mariana Ferreira , Goes Faria Paulo Felipe , Da Silva Oliveira Wesley Lucas
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e validação de uma ferramenta que auxilia na compreensão da teoria de quadripolos aplicada a cálculos de transmissão de energia elétrica. Foi elaborada uma pasta de trabalho em Microsoft Excel com diversas planilhas capazes de resolver cálculos relacionados a quadripolos aplicados à transmissão de energia elétrica, para ajudar alunos de engenharia elétrica a sedimentar os conhecimentos adquiridos. O uso de ferramentas computacionais e planilhas é uma importante ferramenta considerando o aumento do ensino em modalidade remota, inclusive incentivando os alunos a desenvolverem suas próprias soluções, já que as fórmulas são abertas e a planilha é um recurso comum e familiar. A metodologia consistiu em reunir as teorias relacionadas a quadripolos e, juntamente com os conhecimentos de Microsoft Excel, elaborar uma ferramenta computacional. Foram utilizados exercícios presentes em livros empregados em cursos de transmissão de energia elétrica, para validar o funcionamento do trabalho desenvolvido, cujos resultados foram satisfatórios na solução de 3 exercícios.
Abordagens curriculares no ensino de química/ciências: promovendo a formação crítica
Authors: Oliveira Bianca Silva , Barros Márcio Reis , Moreno-Rodríguez Andrei Steveen
Published: May 2023

A Educação precisa atender as demandas de uma sociedade em constate mudança. No entanto, é possível notar que a escola não tem conseguido acompanhar o veloz ritmo em que a sociedade tem se transformado nas últimas décadas, pois, ainda o modelo de ensino por transmissão-recepção é predominante nas instituições educativas. Para tal fim, têm surgido diferentes propostas de reconfiguração curricular, cujas características são apresentadas na literatura. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar aproximações teóricas entre abordagens curriculares emergentes no ensino de Química/Ciências. Neste estudo bibliográfico foram analisados 53 artigos científicos publicados entre 2013 e 2020 por professores de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências. As produções foram examinadas à luz da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), a qual possibilitou identificar abordagens curriculares como a Situação de Estudo, a Abordagem Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, a Abordagem Temática Freireana e a Abordagem de Questões Sociocientíficas, estabelecendo aproximações teóricas entre elas. O estudo possibilitou evidenciar de que forma essas abordagens curriculares promovem a superação de um modelo de ensino de transmissão-recepção, pois, objetivam que os alunos participem ativamente nos processos educativos, proporcionando discussões nas quais possam pensar, debater, argumentar e desenvolver o pensamento crítico, adquirindo consequentemente uma formação reflexiva.
“Os filhos dos filhos dos nossos filhos verão?” A novela Pantanal e a Educação Ambiental em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Ortelhado Valverde Luiz Henrique , Santos Garcia Costa Adler , Alves da Silva Gilcelany , Campelo Junior Marcos Vinicius , De Castro Wiziack Suzete Rosana
Published: May 2023

O bioma pantaneiro tem atualmente grande notoriedade diante da exibição da telenovela ‘Pantanal”, gravada na região sul-mato-grossense, local com cenários turísticos, de imensa biodiversidade e aspectos que são transmitidos em “horário nobre” pela televisão brasileira. Na telenovela, são tratadas temáticas relevantes acerca das questões socioambientais, como a produção agropecuária sustentável, a relação da sociedade com a terra em uma perspectiva afetiva, a utilização de tecnologias limpas, problemas ambientais locais como queimadas, seca, extinção de espécies e as ações antrópicas na região. Dando ênfase a isto, optou-se pela discussão dos temas na ótica da Educação Ambiental. Assim, considerando a obra televisiva, apresentou-se uma discussão sobre como essa literatura pode corroborar com a reflexão das questões socioambientais presentes no bioma Pantanal, sobretudo na contribuição dos temas relacionadas às políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental, concernente aos processos jurídicos e educacionais presentes à constituição da dimensão ambiental numa perspectiva crítica. Deste modo, identificou-se diálogos entre os personagens a respeito de fake news e o negacionismo presente atualmente em discursos de cunho socioambiental. Ademais, os temas que são de ordem econômica, política, cultural e ambiental devem ser discutidos numa abordagem interdisciplinar e/ou transversal entre os componentes curriculares como Ciências, Biologia, Geografia, Matemática, História etc.
O estágio supervisionado e o ensino de física: a formação docente no curso de educação do campo em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Martins Ana Raquel Rodrigues , Da Paz Fábio Soares
Published: May 2023

O Estágio Supervisionado é um componente curricular fundamental na construção da identidade e os saberes da profissão docente nas Licenciaturas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o Estágio Supervisionado na área de Física do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEDOC) no período da pandemia. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário aplicado aos discentes que realizaram o estágio na área de Física do curso LEDOC. O resultado desse estudo permite inferir que o estágio no Curso LEDOC é um processo de aprendizagem indispensável para os acadêmicos enfrentarem os desafios de sua formação. No período remoto as metodologias utilizadas pelos residentes se caracterizam pelo método expositivo com variações das técnicas de ensino. Por fim, o estudo evidencia que os alunos regentes sentiram dificuldades pelo formato remoto do estágio supervisionado, haja vista a condição material e estrutural das escolas do campo e do alunado, cujo acesso à internet e material didático adequado ao contexto pandêmico atreladas a recorrentes problemas históricos, constituem-se como desafios diários ao alunado.
Intervenção Cognitiva Computadorizada: potencialização das habilidades aritméticas para resolução de algoritmos e de problemas de uma estudante com Discalculia do Desenvolvimento
Authors: Machado de Lara Isabel Cristina , Almeida Brum Avila Lanúzia
Published: May 2023

Este estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Estudos sobre Discalculia do Desenvolvimento da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul que aborda as contribuições de uma intervenção cognitiva computadorizada. Tem como objetivo analisar a potencialização das habilidades matemáticas e as estratégias utilizadas por uma estudante com DD envolvidas na resolução de algoritmos e de problemas de adição e subtração. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como um estudo prospectivo de delineamento experimental de caso único. Para realização da avaliação psicopedagógica, foram utilizados o Subteste de Aritmética – versão 1º ao 5º ano e um Teste piloto com resolução de problemas. Para o processo de intervenção, utilizou-se o software Calcularis®. A análise do desempenho da estudante evidencia que a intervenção contribuiu para diminuir o tempo de resposta, aumentar a atenção e a fluência do cálculo e melhorar significativamente seu desempenho na resolução de problemas de adição e subtração.
Music and Patronage in Light of letters of Dedication: Wacław of Szamotuły, Valentin Bakfark and King Sigismund II Augustus
Authors: Wieczorek Ryszard
Published: May 2023

In contemporary discourses of patronage in art, literature, theatre or music, the motives for becoming involved in patronage are a continuing subject of research interest. Although the area of motivation still remains unclear today, it is undoubtedly the case that the patrons’ initiatives were always linked to using the potential of art for political and propaganda purposes. With the arrival of music printing previous patronage practices took on a new shape. Printed editions, through their previously unachievable extent of distribution, now became a far-reaching instrument of representing high-born personages. The most common way of achieving this were dedication letters, produced with the intention of introducing a given work into broad social circulation. Among the few extant Polish music prints from the sixteenth century, the editions of works by Wacław of Szamotuły (1533) and Valentin Bakwark (1565) are of exceptional significance. This article investigates the paratexts included in this editions and examine both cases from the point of view of patronage practices. Paratexts in the two editions demonstrate the diversity of Renaissance patronage practices and provide examples of the rhetoric involved in the client-patron relationship. Wacław’s poem is exceptional not only against the background of Polish but also European music publishing. It does not contain a request for financial support but is a statement by someone deeply involved in the political life of the country and concerned about the fate of his homeland. Wacław’s poem should therefore be read in the political context and psychological climate of the Commonwealth at that time. It constitute an extension of diplomacy, introducing important accents into the policies of Sigismund Augustus. Bakwark’s dedication letter has a totally different character. It strikes the reader not only by its refined phraseology but also by the plethora of allusions from antique literature and the Bible. The most interesting aspect of the letter is the reference to the figure of Pope Leo X. Bakwark describes him as the perfect model of a Renaissance patron, to whom the world owed the development of art on a scale previously unknown. The letter contains also commentary on the style of Bakwark’s works and the characteristics of his compositional craft. The fact that the both dedications were written by the composers themselves, as well as the considerable length of both letters, point to the significance attached at that time to the paratexts. They indicated the importance of the achievements and activities of clients, at the same time building the prestige of the patron. But, above all, these paratexts demonstrate the different ways of exploiting the potential of art: in Wacław’s case, serving the aims of politics and propaganda; in the case of Bakwark, serving to create an image of the monarch as someone enlightened, sensitive and supportive of the art of music.
Ke Arah Program Pembangunan Profesional yang Efektif: Satu Kajian
Authors: Mokhtar Khairiah Salwa , Tanamal Debby
Published: May 2023

Pembangunan profesional, pembangunan staf, pembelajaran secara profesional dan pembelajaran berterusan adalah konsep yang merujuk kepada aktiviti pencarian ilmu pengetahuan dan kemahiran bagi pembangunan peribadi dan juga kerjaya. Kesemua konsep ini mempunyai matlamat yang sama iaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan staf atau pekerja dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggungjawab. Aktiviti ini boleh berbentuk formal atau tidak formal, individu atau berkumpulan, berkemahiran umum atau spesifik dan penggunaan pelbagai pendekatan seperti kajian kes, bengkel, kursus jangka pendek dan pementoran. Pembangunan profesional ini bukan hanya penting dalam bidang perniagaan dan kejuruteraan malahan ia juga boleh diguna pakai dalam bidang-bidang lain termasuk pendidikan. Banyak kajian berkaitan pembangunan profesional telah dilaksanakan dengan fokus negara-negara Barat yang telah menghasilkan pelbagai dapatan termasuk komponen-komponen utama yang penting dan berkesan dalam pembangunan kerjaya seseorang individu. Komponen-komponen ini dibentuk untuk melengkapkan individu dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang diperlukan bagi memastikan mereka berpengetahuan dan cekap dalam melaksanakan tugas secara berkesan. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk (a) mengenalpasti komponen-komponen utama pembangunan profesional berasaskan limpahan literatur yang ada bagi pendidikan sekolah rendah dan menengah; dan (b) mengkaji sejauh mana komponen-komponen tersebut boleh diguna pakai oleh tenaga pengajar di sekolah rendah dan menengah di Malaysia dan Indonesia untuk mencapai matlamat yang sama. Kajian juga menyenaraikan beberapa kekangan dan potensi kajian masa hadapan yang berkaitan.
Penerapan Aplikasi e-Pembelajaran di Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Tuan Lonik Ku ‘Azam
Published: May 2023

Ledakan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (TMK) telah menghasilkan impak yang besar kepada kehidupan manusia yang tidak terpisah lagi dengan peranti TMK msing-masing. Ledakan ini turut merubah landskap pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kewujudan aplikasi e-pembelajaran hasil ledakan TMK dan kemajuan peralatan perkomputeran yang menjadi semakin canggih telah berjaya mencorakkan dunia akademik. Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia tidak ketinggalan dalam menafaatkan perkembangan ledakan TMK ini. Tuntutan untuk mengikut rentak perubahan ini merupakan suatu keperluan dalam dunia pendidikan mutakhir ini.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMATIONAL TERHADAPKINERJA PEAWAI DI DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK (DPPPA) KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Senain Senain , Hasanah Usrotul
Published: May 2023

Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan data penelitian yang di kumpulkan baik untuk variabel terikat (Y) maupun variabel bebas (X), yang diolah menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi 22 for windows 7 maka diperoleh hasil perhitungan korelasi dimana besar koefisien variabel gaya kepemimpinan transformational (X) sebesar 0,644 dan variabel kinerja pegawai (Y) sebesar 0,644 yang artinya dua variabel tersebuat memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan data penelitian yang dikumpulkan baik untuk variabel terikat (Y) maupun variabel bebas (X), maka diperoleh hasil perhitungan regresi linier sederhana dimana besar koefisien variabel gaya kepemimpinan transformational (X) sebesar 0,498. Sedangkan standart error sebesar 8.647.artinya bahwa seluruh variabel yang dihitung dalam uji SPSS 22 memiliki tingkat variabel pengganggu sebesar 8.647. Hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana di atas menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas yakni gaya kepemimpinan transformational, berpengaruh positif terhadap terhadap variabel terikat yakni kinerja pegawai. Kata Kunci : kepemimpinan transformational, kinerja pegawai.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO SETOR FLORESTAL BRASILEIRO ENTRE 2006 E 2017
Authors: De Sene Savio Mendonça , Sartori Mayara , Raimundo João Vitor de Souza , De Almeida Mariza
Published: May 2023

As atividades voltadas à produção ﬂorestal no Brasil têm se destacado nacional e internacionalmente, uma vez que o país passou a atuar como grande produtor e exportador de produtos ﬂ orestais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em elucidar a importância do setor ﬂorestal na economia brasileira, além de apontar a evolução e distribuição espacial das ﬂ orestas brasileiras nas últimas 2 décadas. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos indicadores abordando a produção de ﬂorestas e a comercialização e exportação de produtos ﬂ orestais, além de uma análise exploratória de dados espaciais (Aede) das informações obtidas pelos censos agropecuários dos anos de 2006 e 2017 caracterizando os níveis de concentração espaciais do setor. Verificou-se aumento do número de estabelecimentos e das áreas brasileiras voltadas à produção de ﬂorestas plantadas e nativas, bem como expansão da comercialização de produtos ﬂorestais.Grande parte dessas ﬂorestas ainda está localizada no Sul e Sudeste, embora outras regiões também demonstraram ampliação dessas áreas no período analisado, como o Centro-Oeste e alguns estados do Norte.
PRINCIPAIS REGIÕES PRODUTORAS E DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO: O FLUXO DE ABASTECIMENTO DA MANDIOQUINHA-SALSA
Authors: Maistro Marta Cristina Marjotta , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan , Dos Santos Jeronimo Alves , Pedroso Maria Thereza Macedo
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o ﬂuxo de abastecimento, entre as regiões de produção e de comercialização de mandioquinha-salsa, entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Mais especif camente, busca identifIcar as regiões que apresentaram maior contribuição relativa em termos de volume do produto ofertado, além das centrais de abastecimento que receberam maiores volumes de mandioquinha-salsa. Para alcançar o propósito deste estudo, a pesquisa teve abordagem exploratório-descritiva e utilizou informações secundárias, principalmente do site da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (Conab), particularmente a base de dados da Prohort – Simab. Os resultados alcançados revelaram que, no período levantado na presente pesquisa, de 2016 a 2020, foram comercializadas cerca de 55.167 t, com destaque para o ano de 2017, com o maior percentual de volume comercializado no período (23%). A taxa geométrica de crescimento da quantidade comercializada de mandioquinha-salsa no período foi de 3,14% a.a. Em termos regionais, a região Sudeste se destaca na comercialização de mandioquinha-salsa em todo o período analisado. Em média, considerando todo o período, a região Sudeste teve participação de 66,68%no total comercializado por região, seguido da região Sul, com 32,50%, da região Nordeste, com 2,23% e, por f m, da região Centro-Oeste, com 0,8% de participação. Os resultados também apontaram que as centrais de abastecimento (Ceasas) de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Paraná representaram os maiores mercados atacadistas para a mandioquinha-salsa, sendo também os principais estados fornecedores do produto. Conclui-se que o presente trabalho contribuiu para a análise do ﬂuxo de abastecimento entre as regiões de produção e de comercialização da mandioquinha-salsa, destacando que as principais regiões produtoras e seus respetivos estados concentram o abastecimento nas próprias regiões.
AGRONEGÓCIOS E MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Chelala Cláudia Maria do Socorro Cruz Fernandes , Chelala Charles Achcar
Published: May 2023

Há mais de 2 décadas a agropecuária brasileira vem experimentando um ciclo expansivo, constituindo-se em um dos mais exitosos setores da economia nacional. Tal processo encontra-se associado a diversos fatores, destacadamente ao aumento de produtividade no campo e à ampliação do mercado internacional, assim como também pela ocupação espacial do interior das regiões brasileiras com baixa densidade demográf ca, que possuíam um sistema econômico incipiente e grandes áreas com aptidão para a agricultura. Por outro lado, constatou-se o fortalecimento dos grupos de defesa do meio ambiente, que percebem as atividades agropecuárias como um dos principais segmentos responsáveis pelos danos ambientais, particularmente as mudanças climáticas. Neste contexto, consolidou-se um ambiente de opiniões antagônicas que se rivalizam em vários espaços da estrutura político-institucional do país. Este trabalhotem o objetivo de reﬂ etir sobre os conﬂ itos socioambientais existentes entre os setores do agronegócio e os movimentos ambientalistas, frente à expansão das atividades agropecuárias, tomando como exemplo as políticas de mitigação das mudanças climáticas. Para isso foi realizada uma análise sobre a situaçãoambiental a partir da matriz de emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), sobre as diretrizes da governança do setor: a atuação das entidades, o desempenho das representações ruralistas no parlamento brasileiro, como também sobre as políticas do governo federal em relação ao encaminhamento das pautas agropecuárias e ambientais. Concluiu-se que alguns posicionamentos estão assentados em narrativas distorcidas, por vezes radicais, nos dois grupos de interesse, o que acaba por não retratar a realidade dos fatos. As relações permanecerão conﬂ ituosas, decorrentes do acirramento das contradições engendradas em ambos os segmentos, especialmente a partir da chegada do presidente Jair Bolsonaro ao poder.
COMPLEX OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS AT OIL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Sadagat Ibragimova Sadagat Ibragimova , Natavan Ibragimova Natavan Ibragimova
Published: May 2023

The article reflects the need for risk management at oil engineering enterprises. Here the category of risk is considered as "probability of loss, threat".
The main risks affecting oil engineering enterprises, arising from both external and internal risk factors, are systematized. To analyze and assess industry risks, the factors for assessing the activities of enterprises are reflected in detail.
The article also discusses the causes of structural risks. For a more refined analysis, their main indicators are described. A model is also presented that allows you to determine the areas of influence more accurately on the efficiency of the enterprise.
In conclusion, a conclusion is made about integrated risk management, which will precisely allow us to resist negative impacts, ensuring the sustainability of this sub-sector.
Keywords: oil engineering enterprises, innovative development, risks, capital, non-oil industry enterprises, financial indicators.
ÇİN’İN ‘BİR KUŞAK, BİR YOL’ PROJESİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ORTA ASYA CUMHURİYETLERİ İLE İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: Mahammad Alakbarzada Mahammad Alakbarzada
Published: May 2023

1 Ekim 1949 yılında kurulan Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti 70 yıllık süreçte büyük atılımlar gerçekleştirerek dünya ekonomisinde satın alma pariterine göre ilk sıraya yerleşmiş ve askeri ve siyasi gücüne göre de dünyanın hegemon güçleri arasında yerini almaktadır. Günümüz Çin dış politikasında önemli proje ‘Bir Kuşak, Bir Yol’ projesidir. Bu projeyi incelerken projenin hem Çin açısından, hem de küresel çapta istikrarlı bir şekilde yürümesi için jeopolitik açıdan en kritik bölge Orta Asya coğrafyasıdır. ‘Bir Kuşak, Bir Yol’ projesinin bölge açısından büyük kazançları olmakla beraber bölge devletlerini Çin ile ilişkilerde sıkıntı yaşatabilecek sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Çin’in Soğuk Savaş sonrası özellikle enerji açısından önemli bir pazarı olan Orta Asya günümüzde ise Çin’i dünyaya bağlaya bilecek güzergahları barındıran, Çin’in daha da istikrarını sağlayabilecek jeopolitik bölge niteliğini taşımaktadır. Rusya’nın bölgede askeri gücü ve tarihi varlığı, ABD’nin bölgeye müdahale çabaları, Türkiye’nin kültürel alanda bölgedeki varlığı Çin’in ekonomik şekilde bölgede ağırlığını hisetirmesi Çin açısından hem zaruret, hem de bir dış politika aracı olarak bölgede göze çarpan durumdur. Makalede realizm teorisinin ana kuramı olan güç anlamının içinde barındırdığı ekonomi, askeri güç kuramları ile Çin’in ‘Bir Kuşak, Bir Yol’ Projesi Çerçevesinde Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri ile İlişkileri incelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimler: Bir Kuşak ve Bir Yol, Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri, Çin, Çin-Orta Asya, Realizm
AVOID DAMAGE TO LOADER CRANE COMPONENTS A STUDY OF CONCENTRATION
Authors: Rafiq Arabov, Fariz Gafarov Rafiq Arabov, Fariz Gafarov , Mahluqa Rahimova, Irada Karimova Mahluqa Rahimova, Irada Karimova , Hamidli Anvar Hamidli Anvar
Published: May 2023

Crane parts work with non-stationary variable loads. The hypothesis of linear summation of fatigue damage during non-stationary cyclic tests is not confirmed. Under the influence of alternating stresses, a process of gradual accumulation of damage occurs, which leads to the formation of cracks of various nature, which gradually increase, forming macroscopic values.
The work is devoted to the study of stress concentratıons leading to damage to crane parts. The results of the research revealed that the set of possible methods for non-stationary modes is not considered valid and was not fully justified from a physical point of view. From a physical point of view, the direction of the ongoing processes is determined by the method of lowering the curtain. However, this method itself requires further development and accuracy. The application of the Dahlgren method is a manner that inaccurately describes the process and its application is incorrect. When choosing materials that work for fatigue in non-stationary modes, along with other characteristics, it is necessary to take into account the criterion of sensitivity to loads.
Keywords: step loading, hypothesis, damage, secondary fatigue curves, experiment.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN STEEL PRODUCTION
Authors: Elshan Jafarov Elshan Jafarov , Lala Aliyeva Lala Aliyeva
Published: May 2023

Continuous casting is essentially the youngest and most dynamically developing technology in the steel production and casting system as an industrial method of shaped casting process. At present, continuous casting of steel is adopted in more than 90 countries of the world. About 2,000 continuous casting machines (CCMs) of different purposes and designs are now in good operation, which allow casting about 93% of all steel produced in the world. At this time, steel bars with the following maximum cross-sections are produced in the industry: blue 600×670mm, slab 250×3200mm and circular bars with a diameter of 600mm. In many developed countries of the world, almost 95-100% of steel production is produced by continuous casting. is being for example, in 2018, 1.228 billion tons of steel were produced by continuous casting in the world, which is a record in the history of metal production. as a result of experimental studies, proposals were developed for the application of important technologies in the development of non-furnace processing of liquid metal and continuous casting in the Republic.
Keywords: Steel making, permanent casting devices, construction, vacuuming, liquid metal, intermediate heat, temperature, impact viscosity, electrometallurgy.
ESTABLISHMENT AND ACTIVITY OF IREVAN TEACHERS' SEMINARY
Authors: Leyla Aliyeva Leyla Aliyeva
Published: May 2023

The article is based on the establishment of the Irevan Teachers' Seminary and its history. It is informed that the school established in October 1880 in the city of Irevan.
The main aim in the article is explore establishment history of the school and its achtivity. This educational institution, which operated for a total of 37 years, was closed on 6 August, 1918 at the same time as Irevan gymnasium and Uluhanli school. Irevan Teachers' Seminary played an important role in the development of the educational environment in Azerbaijan, fulfilling its historical mission and creating a new stage.
So, on 14 January, 1832, Azerbaijani children began to study together with children of different nationalities in the first emergency school opened in Irevan. Additionally, the Irevan emergency school opened in 1832 became a gymnasium in 1869 and a 5-class gymnasium on 31 March, 1881.
Due to the original regulations of the teachers' seminary, Orthodox boys over the age of 16 could be admitted to the such educational institutions. In 1875, the Instruction on the Teaching Clergy allowed Muslims to study in theological schools alongside the Orthodox. On 20 October of 1880, the Russian State Council adopted the decision "On the organization of teachers' seminars in Kutaisi and Irevan governorates." According to this decision, 28,350 rubles were allocated from the state treasury to Irevan Seminary. Irevan Teachers' Seminary started working on 8 November, 1881 in the current building of the Irevan National Economic Institute with 42 students and 9 teachers. The first director of the seminary school was an educator Jacob Stepanovich Sushevsky.
The study of the history of the Teachers' School founded 141 years ago. Conferences, round tables and a series of events will continue in this regard. The legacy of this great source of information, which made great contributions to the development of our national education and opened bright pages in our educational history, will continue to shine hundreds of years later.
Result: The Irevan Teachers' Seminary, which has been operating for 37 years, has played an important role in the development of the educational environment in Azerbaijan, including fulfilling its historical mission and creating a new stage.
Application importance: this material can be used in HEIs and can be useful for historians and to whom interested in history.
Keywords: teachers’ seminary, Irevan, education, Azerbaijan
RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON THEEXAMPLE MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRY OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Natavan Ibragimova Natavan Ibragimova , Mehriban Huseynova Mehriban Huseynova , Aysel Sadykova Aysel Sadykova
Published: May 2023

One of the key processes in the development of the world economy of the 21st century is progressive globalization, i.e. a qualitatively new stage in the development of the internationalization of economic life.
The article examines the modern ways of development of the machine-building industry of Azerbaijan in global conditions, as well as the importance of risk management, their assessment and monitoring of the development of machine-building enterprises to increase competitiveness in order to achieve a synergistic effect through integration, increase its efficiency in the development of machine-building enterprises. In turn, all this will allow them to master the latest technologies, increase the return on capital and their competitiveness in global markets.
The purpose of the study of this work is to consider the main aspects of the implementation of the concept of risk management by developing ways to increase the effectiveness of risk management in relation to the integration policy of enterprises in the machine-building complex.
All areas of economic activity are subject to risk, and risk management improves predictability and certainty, which gives a sense of confidence in certain situations.
Keywords: Globalization, engineering industry, economics, risk management.
IMPACT OF INVESTMENT ON THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors: Karim Karimov Karim Karimov , Emilia Shakhverenova Emilia Shakhverenova , Rashad Mahmudzade Rashad Mahmudzade
Published: May 2023

The article considers one of the important provisions of the theory of human capital, since it makes up a large part of the welfare of society. In modern conditions, the effectiveness of the development of the state's economy largely depends on human capital, which is the most important component of modern productive capital, which is represented by a rich stock of knowledge inherent in man and creative potential. It is noted that investment is the most important prerequisite for the production of human capital and has a number of features that distinguish them from other types of investment. Based on the analysis, a structure was compiled, and a formula was proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in human capital.
Keywords: human capital, investment, formation, education, conditions, structure, information, accumulation.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Assay of Indigenous Bacterial Isolates from Apis cerana Honeycomb
Authors: Simbolon Kristina Br , Mokosuli Yermia , Lawalata Helen J
Published: May 2023

Apis cerana is a honey bee species with a cavity hive known as the eastern honey bee. Honey bee hives have Indigenous bacteria that have antimicrobial potential. Indigenous bacteria are free bacteria that can synthesize nitrogen compounds, sugars, and other bioactive substances. This study aims to isolate, identify and test the antibacterial of Indigenous bacteria isolate Apis cerana against gram-positive Staphylococus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. This study used a descriptive research method to obtain the data from laboratory experiments. The study consisted of isolating Indigenous bacteria, identifying and testing the antibacterial agar diffusion method. The study results obtained seven isolates of AC 1, AC 2, AC 3, AC 4, AC 5, AC 6, AC 7 Indigenous bacteria from Apis cerana nests. AC 1 isolate has similarities with the genus Streptococcus, AC 2 isolates have similarities with the Klebsiella genus, while AC 3 isolates have similarities with the Bacillus genus, and AC 4, AC 5, AC 6 and AC 7 isolates have similarities with the Citrobacter genus. Indigenous bacterial isolates with potential antibacterial potential where the most significant inhibition against Staphylococus aureus bacteria was shown by isolate AC 1 (10.79 mm). At the same time, the smallest was found in isolate AC 7 (8.52 mm). The most significant inhibition against Escherichia coli bacteria was shown by isolate AC 1 (9.0 mm) while the smallest was found in isolate AC 3 (7.4 mm). Apis cerana nests have indigenous bacteria that have the potential to produce antibacterial substances
Analysis of Student Learning Styles Using Fleming's VARK Model in Science Subject
Authors: Subagja Sigit , Rubini Bibin
Published: May 2023

The implementation of high-quality learning is something teachers must ensure. Consequently, teachers need to be able to design engaging learning procedures that draw students' attention to the subjects they are teaching. Understanding a student's preferred learning style is one of the necessary teachers. People with learning styles closely tied to their environments and personalities are adjusted. The process of receiving knowledge will be improved by defining the learning material to the learner's preferred learning style. One of the most used diagnostic tools for determining learning type is the VARK model. The visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and kinesthetic learning styles are divided into four divisions in the VARK paradigm. This research aims to identify the dominant learning style among science students. A qualitative descriptive methodology used one hundred junior high school students as research participants. Diagnostic exams and interviews were the tools used. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by reducing data, presenting data, and making conclusions. According to the findings, 35% of students are kinesthetic learners, with 30% being visual, 21% being Auditory, and 14%t being Read/Write. Identifying learning tools, such as choosing learning models, creating and choosing materials, and learning media and assessment approaches that are more effective in accordance with student learning styles, can be done by developing one's understanding of learning styles.
Implementation of Independent Learning: Chemobio-Enterpreneurship in Junior High School
Authors: Sari Sri Adelila , Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti , Hutabarat Faidul Rasyid
Published: May 2023

In order to achieve learning objectives that can assist students in discovering and understanding chemical and biological concepts related to everyday life, an approach is needed that is able to make chemistry and biology material a very interesting and important subject to study and understand. The Chemo-Bio Entrepreneurship (CBEP) approach incorporates entrepreneurial values into learning according to the demands of independent learning. This is in response to the needs of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The purpose of this research was to help motivate teachers and students to have an entrepreneurial spirit. In addition, learning chemistry and biology will be more fun and provide opportunities for students to optimize their potential to produce products. Thus, the economy of the school community can be developed, as a source of financial input for schools. The research samples were students and teachers of Junior High School 3 Tanjung Morawa 3, Deli Serdang which were taken using purposive sampling. The methods used were observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and training in making compost and natural hand sanitizers. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics. The results showed that the understanding and skills of students and teachers before and after being given training in making compost and natural hand sanitizers were found to be increased. It was suggested to science teachers and school members to continue to practice good practices and be able to pass them on to teachers of other subjects. Thus, the productivity of teachers and students as entrepreneurs is well maintained
Effect Of Compost Tea and JADAM Microorganism Solution On Growth Of Chili Pepper In PT. Cinquer Agro Nusantara
Authors: Khairani Iffa Afiqa , Novriadi Novriadi , Wandasari Septi Putri , Nanda M. Zulhiyadi , Anshori Andi
Published: May 2023

Chili pepper (Capsicum frustescens) is herbaceous plant from the family Solanaceae which is massively cultivated in Indonesia. It also can be used as raw material for food product and pharmacy industries. Organic fertilizer usage has been both a solution to increase productivity and a replacement to chemical fertilizer usage. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of compost tea organic fertilizer and JADAM Microorganism Solution (JMS) on the growth of chili pepper in PT. Cinquer Agro Nusantara, Bangka Belitung. This research used a completely randomized design with 15 unit treatments which were divided into control group, compost tea group, and JMS group. The result showed that the plant group with JMS performed the highest height expansion, increasing the number of leaves significantly compared to control and compost tea group. This study concludes that application of compost tea and JADAM Microorganism Solution (JMS) as organic fertilizer on C. frustescens can increase the plant’s growth.Keywords : chili pepper, compost tea, JADAM microorganism solution
Analysis of Tree Health in the Pematangsiantar Animal Park, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rozalina Rozalina , Nurrachmania Meylida , Pangaribuan Ryandi Goklas
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine acquire data on the species composition and structure of trees, as well as to analyze the health of trees growing in the Pematangsiantar Animal Park. Using the census approach, data collection was conducted. The health state of trees was determined using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, which measures tree health by categorizing the kind and severity of damage per every plant. Two indicators are utilized to measure tree health: tree damage and tree crown condition. The method of data collection was conducted on trees with a minimum diameter of 20 centimeters. Techniques of data analysis consisting of descriptive and weighted scoring. At the Pematangsiantar Animal Park, there are 49 species of trees and a total of 153 unique trees. Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) is the most prevalent tree species, with 21 specimens. The health state of the trees in the Pematangsiantar Animal Park included 48 trees with a healthy status, 93 trees with bad (unhealthy) status, and 12 trees with a sick status, however none were discovered to be in a very sick condition
The Effect of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) as Natural Preservative for Mackerel (Rastrellinger sp.)
Authors: Rahmiati Rahmiati , Nurtjahja Kiki , Nasution MHD. Fauzi
Published: May 2023

Basil is a plant that can be used as a traditional medicine. One part of the basil plant used as an alternative medicine is the leaves. Basil leaves contain active compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tanins, and essensial oils. These active compounds is able to prevent the presence of pathogenic bacteria that can accelerate food spoilage, so that basil leaves can be used as an alternative natural preservative. The objective of the study was to determine the ability of basil leaves as a natural preservative for  mackerel. The research was carried out in vitro, by observing the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristicts of mackerel which were treated 8 hours of soaking basil leaf extract. Variations in the concentration of basil leaves used were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The results showed that the physical quality of the 8-hour storage samples showed changes in the physical quality of the fish, as seen from the color, eyes, gills, mucus, aroma and texture. The microbioloical quality of fish was analyzed by the total plate number method. The total number of bacteria decreased as the concentration of basil leaf extract increased
Effectiveness Microcapsules From Auxin Producing-Endophite Bacteria As Biofertilizer in Tea (Camellia sinensis L)
Authors: Zit Sigit Indra , Warsito Kabul , Refnizuida Refnizuida
Published: May 2023

Tea (Camellia sinensis L), is a popular agricultural product enjoyed by people around the world. Bio-fertilizers that use bacteria found in soil called endophytes, have proven effective for increasing growth and plant productivity. Endophite bacteria can also produce growth hormones such as auxins, ethylene, and cytokinins. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of auxin-producing endophytic bacterial microcapsules on tea growth. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), 16 treatments with 2 replications. The first factor was immersion of  endophite bacterial suspension consisting of S0 = 0 hours; S1 = 24 hours; S2 = 36 hours and S3 = 48 hours and the second factor was the addition of microcapsules consisting of I0 = 0 gr; I1 = 5 gr; I2 = 10 gr; I3 = 15 gr. Isolation from tea roots and stems obtained 6 isolates of endophite  bacteria. Auxin test showed that the six isolates were able to produce auxin. Observation of plant height showed that the best treatment was in treatment I3 (17.04 cm). Observation of leaves amount was in treatment I3 (6.88 strands). For the leaf area parameter, the highest number was in the S1 treatment (22.8 cm2). For stem diameter parameter, highest data was in treatment I2 (1.69 mm). The test results showed that the application of suspension and endophite bacteria microcapsules  significantly increased the growth of tea.
Reconstruction of the origin of the ukrainian population of vietnamese pigs
Authors: Matiiuk Valeriia , Pochernyaev Konstantin
Published: May 2023

Pigs of the Vietnamese breed, which were imported from Vietnam to the countries of Eastern Europe and Canada, have a high percentage of muscle mass, so the improvement of this breed is currently ongoing and active breeding work is being
conducted in many countries, in particular in Ukraine. These animals are precocious,
have high immunity, sows have high milk productivity, well-developed maternal instinct.
These animals belong to the bacon line of the production. The body is wide, stout, the
chest is wide. Up to 50 % roughage can be included in the fattening ration (taking into
account the breed specifics of the digestive system). This breed adapts well to both hot
and humid climates. In Ukraine, this breed appeared thanks to the Transcarpathian
entrepreneur M. N. Popovych In 2004, the Vietnamese breed of pigs conquered all the
western and central regions of Ukraine, and in 2005, young animals began to be sold in
the eastern regions of Ukraine. Two breeds called Vietnamese are grown on the territory of Ukraine: actually Vietnamese and Korean. These breeds have differences in phenotype. Aim. Solving the question of the origin of the Vietnamese breed of pigs in
Ukraine by using mtDNA polymorphism. Methods. To identify the origin of the genome
of the Vietnamese breed of pigs, the method of determining the mitochondrial DNA is
used, which allows to study the origin of the ancestral maternal form and thus to solve
its origin. The methods used for the study involved the use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the maternal line of the Vietnamese pig population in Ukraine. For the
study, blood samples were taken from 4 boars and 6 gilts of the Vietnamese breed in a
private farm in the village Takhtaulove, Poltava district. DNA isolation was performed
using Chelex 100 ion exchange resin. DNA amplification was performed using Thermo
Fisher Scientific reagents according to the manufacturer's conditions. The results. A
study of 29 aboriginal Chinese, European breeds and subspecies of wild boar identified
a distinct difference in the mtDNA of Asian and European pig breeds. Phylogenetic
studies of relationships among domestic Euro-American, Asian breeds and wild boar
populations also revealed a clear division of mitochondrial haplotypes into Asian and
European ones. Using this approach, it is possible to determine 10 European and 8
Asian mitochondrial haplotypes. Conclusions. Mitochondrial haplotypes A and C
belonging to the European group have been identified among Vietnamese pigs. A
contribution to the creation of the Ukrainian population of Vietnamese pigs may have
been made by sows of the Durok, Mangalitsa or Hampshire breeds.
Key words: pigs, Vietnamese breed, polymorphism, mitochondrial DNA,
haplotypes, phenotypic difference, origin, genome, population, genetic variability