bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of serum urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein level in chronic kidney disease patients with healthy subjects
Authors: Nirwan Dileep Singh , Vyas R. K. , Jain Sunil
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Globally, chronic kidney disease is the 12th cause of death and the 17th cause of disability, respectively. CKD is defined as kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more, irrespective of cause. The present study aimed to find out correlation between serum urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) level among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease in an urban based tertiary care hospital in Bikaner, western Rajasthan, India.Methods: This study was conducted at Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Hospitals at Bikaner, Rajasthan from August 2015 to December 2016. There were 50 cases and 50 controls in the age groups from 10 to 60 yearrs. We took fresh samples and performed required tests following standard protocol. CRP has been done by Antigen Antibody reaction (latex method). RFT has been performed on semi-automatic analyzer.Results: Levels of serum urea and creatinine were significantly raised in CKD patients (p-value<0.005) and CRP level was raised in 52% cases. While 48% cases having normal level %), which requires further study.  Renal function tests were significantly higher in cases than controls.Conclusions: Serum creatinine and urea level were significantly higher in cases as compared to control group.
Bone marrow examination in cases of pancytopenia
Authors: Shah Pinal , Patel R. D. , Gamit Bhavna , Gheewala Shruti
Published: March 2017

Background: Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. This study was undertaken to find out the various causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination of patients admitted to New civil hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out to identify the causes of pancytopenia based on bone marrow examination. Bone marrow examinations were performed in 144 cases for different indications over a period of one year 2015, out of which 40 cases have fulfilled the criteria of pancytopenia.Results: Total 40 cases of pancytopenia were examined during period of one year. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (35%) followed by aplastic anemia (32.5%). other cause includes acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and round cell tumor.Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration coupled with trephine biopsy can diagnosed majority cases of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia are the commonest causes of pancytopenia. A comprehensive clinical and hematological study of patients with pancytopenia will help in the identification of underlying cause.
Assessment of knowledge and healthcare providers’ role in promoting lactation in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gacem Sabrina Ait , Gacem Sabrina Ait , Al-Shahwan Moayad Jamal , Hassan Nageeb A. G. M. , Hassan Nageeb A. G. M. , Djessas Fetta , Djessas Fetta
Published: March 2017

Background: This study was performed to assess mothers’ knowledge and awareness level regarding maternal medication intake during lactation and health care providers’ role in promoting lactation.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, questionnaire based survey study and a convenient sample of (820) breastfeeding mothers in Ajman and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) participated in the study. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data concerning the demographic characteristics and breastfeeding knowledge. Categorical variables (such as nationality and educational level) were described by using frequency, percentages, bar chart and pie chart.Results: The current study revealed a (72%) of maternal knowledge compared to (60.4%) four years ago and the most identified encouraging factor for the initiation of lactation stated by the respondents was their own decision followed by family support (58.4%, 39.8% respectively). The health care providers’ role was positively improved (58.4%) as observed in the current study compared to (52.1%) four years ago in UAE.Conclusions: An improvement was observed in terms of knowledge among breastfeeding mothers in the UAE compared to previous years as well as healthcare providers’ role which was also positively improved. Pharmacists were observed to have a low impact on the initiation of lactation, but on the other hand it was found that they had a significant role in terms of assessing maternal medication safety during lactation.
Risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients in rural population of Central India
Authors: Singh Prem S. , Zafar K. S. , Kumar Manoj , Yadav Sudhir K.
Published: March 2017

Background: Incidence and prevalence of diabetes is on surge day by day and increased longevity of diabetic patients put them at higher risk of chronic complications of hyperglycemia. Of these complications, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are of utmost importance and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of premature mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes as well. Regional variation of risk factors and sociocultural diversity of Indian population create a significant difference in atherosclerotic risk among the diabetic population across the country. There is a significant gap in the knowledge of CVD epidemiology and associated risk factors among the Indian population especially among the rural population. The objective of this study was to assess cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients of rural central India.Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 160 diabetic patients (78 males and 82 females) aged 35–75 years from the villages of district Etawah of UP, Central India. Sex-specific Framingham general cardiovascular risk prediction equations were used to calculate the 10years risk for cardiovascular disease. The probable risk factors were determined by cross-tabulation of cardiometabolic parameters with the 10-year cardiovascular risk level.Results: Males were found to be at higher risk of developing CVD in the future as compared to females with a discernible accumulation of adverse cardiovascular risk factors among them. 38.75% patients were at high risk, 37.50% at moderate risk and 23.75% at low risk for developing CVD in the next 10 years. Systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking contributed significantly to high degree of cardiovascular risk. Presence of cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients at diagnosis accentuates the need of intensive management of cardiovascular complications taking into consideration the traditional dietary pattern of the rural population.Conclusions: Both diabetes and CVD have common genetic and environmental antecedents. Furthermore, insulin resistance preceding long before the diagnosis of diabetes enhances atherogenic risk profile and has been delineated as a potential cause for subsequent increased risk of CVD among diabetic patients. There is need of intensive management of cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic individuals. Therefore, there is a need of a comprehensive study design which includes various factors (biological, sociodemographic and genetic) which directly or indirectly influence the disease incidence especially in a country (India) with diverse ethnic population.
Psychotropic drug utilization in psychiatric outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India
Authors: Mudhaliar Mohanraj Rathinavelu , Ghouse Ishrar Shaik Mohammad , Sadubugga Priyanka , Narala Swaroop Reddy , Chinnakotla Vidyasagar , Yendluri Prabhakar
Published: March 2017

Background: Although psychotropic medications have had a remarkable impact on psychiatric practice that legitimately can be called revolutionary, their utilization and consequences on real life effectiveness and safety in actual clinical practice need continuous study.Methods: The current retrospective study of six months’ duration was designed to assess the utilization of antipsychotics and its prescribing pattern in a tertiary care hospital of south India, which included prescriptions of patients suffering from a psychiatric illness with at least one psychotropic drug of all ages and both sexes.Results: Out of 150 cases reviewed, 46% were of schizophrenia, where male (60.67%) at higher incidence of psychiatric illness, and maximum patients were under the age group of 29-39 years (54.67%). In present study of 355 prescribed drugs 72.67% were psychotropic medications. As per World Health Organization/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) drug use indicators average number of drugs per prescription (2.37%), average number of psychotropic drugs per prescription (1.72%), psychotropic drugs prescribed as Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) was 26.36%, and percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name (91.08%). In our study, 48.09% of psychotropic drugs were utilized in the treatment of schizophrenia, diazepam (17.06%) was the only psychotropic medication distributed in the management of all three observed psychiatric disorders and the study showed a higher utilization of psychotropic drugs as FDCs (25.98%) in the management of schizophrenia.Conclusions: The study advocated an overall rational utilization of psychotropic drugs with a fewer deviations due to socio-economic status of patients and prescription practices of healthcare providers.
A descriptive analysis of patients admitted in short stay ward at psychiatric centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Parag , Singh Chitra , Solanki Ram K. , Wasim .
Published: March 2017

Background: The average length of stay (LOS) at psychiatric centre and the factors determining longer LOS in Psychiatry disorders remains largely unexplored. Longer LOS is associated with social isolation and maladaptive behaviours in patients thus warrants a shorter stay. The observed LOS and predicted LOS among different psychiatry hospitals in future may serve as an index of quality care and efficient management of meagre but available resources in our country. The aim was (1) To study the socio demographic and clinical factors of patients admitted at our hospital and (2) To ascertain the relationship between the socio demographic, clinical factors and LOS.Methods: A retrospective analysis of psychiatry inpatients admitted at Psychiatric Centre, Jaipur during July 2014 and June 2015. The data was analysed studying the 489 case records. The socio demographic characteristics and clinical factors were correlated with LOS in hospital.Results: Our study has shown the correlation of socio-demographic factors and clinical factors with LOS. Rural population, marital status, employment status, number of episodes and diagnosis itself has positive correlation with longer LOS.Conclusions: From present study it was shown the correlation of socio-demographic factors and clinical profile with LOS. Rural population, marital status, premorbid employment status, number of episodes and diagnosis itself has positive correlation with longer LOS. However, gender and substance abuse had no correlation with LOS. Short term and planned admissions along with individualized treatment plans fitting patient’s social background may be more beneficial as compared to long term admissions.
The hygienic and microbial status of Sudanese banknotes, Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: Honua Mohanad Hassan Mohamed
Published: March 2017

Background: Banknotes are one of the items most frequently circulating from hand to hand, and microbial contaminants of banknote may be transmitted directly, through hand-to-hand contact, or indirectly, via food or other inanimate objects. This study was designed to assess the banknotes handlers hygiene and microbial (Bacteria, Yeasts and Moulds) contamination of Sudanese banknotes in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Fifty samples of Sudanese banknotes were collected randomly from handlers through (March - April / 2015). These samples were microbiologically tested for quantify bacteria, identification of bacteria and fungi (Yeasts and Moulds) by using biochemical tests for bacteria and phenotypical characteristics for fungi. Results: The study showed that the mean of total viable count (CFU/cm2) of bacteria contaminated of banknotes between ( 4.5 – 8.3 ) x 105 CFU/cm2 ,  the study showed 12 different types of bacteria and 5 types of fungi was identified from banknotes with different percentages. From statistically analyzed of 50 questionnaires there were; 76% of handlers had knowledge about contaminated banknotes as being a source of infection; 94% educated handlers at different levels; 64% of the handlers washed hands after using a toilets and before dealing with banknotes again. Conclusions: Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with different bacteria, yeast and moulds. unhygienically handled. The contamination rate was higher in lower denominations than in higher ones.
Revised Kuppuswamy and B G Prasad socio-economic scales for 2016
Authors: Shaikh Zakirhusain , Pathak Rambha
Published: March 2017

Background: Socio-economic scales are integral part in the assessment of social class of an individual/family, which can have an influence on disease causing factors. It is also vital for consideration when customising health education to the target audience. Socio-economic scales are dependent on evaluation of income and need to be updated with changing consumer price index. The objective of the study was to revise the socio-economic scales of Kuppuswamy and B G Prasad, taking into consideration the revision in consumer price index (industrial workers). Methods: The socio-economic scales were revised on the basis of updated CPI (IW) for the month of August 2016, using an online tool. Results: The updated Kuppuswamy and B G Prasad scales for the year 2016 were obtained using revised CPI (IW) and a simple online tool. Conclusions: Regular updating of socio-economic scales which depend on income and are therefore susceptible to changes, due to revisions in consumer price index, is necessary to maintain the validity of these scales, which are used widely in community surveys and social studies.
A study of clinical profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sinha Teeku , Nalli Susheel Kumar , Toppo Amardeepak
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic morbidity and also deaths are caused by COPD. Once affected by COPD, patients suffer many years together. Some can die before expected life expectancy. It has been estimated that due to constant exposure to risk factor and increased life expectancy, all over the world the prevalence is likely to increase.  The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at department of community medicine, Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for a period of six months from September 2015 to February 2016. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Detail clinical history, physical examination to look for nutritional status, spirometry with reversibility was carried out for each and every patient.Results: Age range in our study was 26-75 years. Mean age in COPD patients was 57.13±11.149 years and that of control group was 54.60±13.074 years with male to female ratio 9.71:1 in COPD case and 11.5:1 in control group. Most common symptom in COPD patient was SOB followed by cough, expectoration, and edema and chest pain. mMRC grading in COPD are higher than control group in our study. Smoking in pack year was significantly higher in COPD cases as 69.70± 36.164 and in control group it was 13.84±7.867.Conclusions: COPD was found to be more common in males. Cough was the most common presenting symptom. Smoking was significantly associated with occurrence of COPD.
Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural population in Karnataka by using Indian diabetes risk score
Authors: Ramaiah Radha , Jayarama Srividya
Published: March 2017

Background: Diabetes has emerged not only as a major public health problem, but also as a global societal catastrophe. Governments worldwide are struggling to meet the cost of the diabetic care. The proportion of people with diabetes is rapidly increasing in many countries, with the documented increase in low and middle income countries. With this background a study was planned with the objective of assessing the risk of diabetes among adults in a rural area using a simple diagnostic tool. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study was done among 485 adults aged 20 years and above residing in a rural area of Karnataka. Data collection was done by household survey by direct interview using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts with part one of socio-demographic variables and part two made up of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) questionnaire. IDRS was developed by Mohan et al and its parameters comprise of 2 modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and 2 non-modifiable risk factors (age, family history) for diabetes. Analysis was done with open Epi and Microsoft excel. Results: In the present study, according to IDRS, 14.84% of the study subjects had high risk of diabetes, 73.19% had moderate risk and 11.95% had no/low risk of diabetes. Conclusions: The risk of diabetes among adults is on rise in rural areas. Physical activity likes regular exercises, diet and lifestyle modification are some of the interventions that can reduce the risk of diabetes.
Career choices of the first year students of Madha Medical College
Authors: Raja Ashrof , Jahnavi G. , Patra Satya Ranjan
Published: March 2017

Background: It is not very clear about the factors that influence the career choices of the undergraduate medical students. Experiences in the college during their curriculum are the strong determinants in developing an attitude to different subjects and attitude plays a very important role in choosing the speciality. This study is sought to find out the career choices of the first year medical students and what influenced them to take up that particular careerMethods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in the first semester students of the Madha Medical College. The questionnaire was designed to find out the first choice of speciality, awareness of various subjects taught in a medical college, location preferences, and reasons influencing the preference, education level and occupation of their parents.Results: Out of a total of 150 students 141 (94%) were present on that day who had completed the questionnaire successfully. The mean age of the students was 17.8±0.6 (min=17, max=20). About 54% of the students were females and the rest 46% were males. The students belonging to urban area were 67% and that of rural area were 33%. The reasons quoted by the students for joining the MBBS course were personal interest 82%, parent’s interest 18%. None of the students could correctly answer the number of subjects taught in a medical college during the course. About half of the students did not know the duration of a specialization course after MBBS. The students interested to do specialization were 97% and interested to do IAS, or IPS were 2%. The most preferred career choices among the students were clinical subjects (71%), of which General Medicine and obstetrics & gynecology topped the list, followed by surgery and paediatrics; 24% chose pre-clinical subjects and anatomy was the most favoured, followed by physiology and the least preferred was biochemistry; only 2% were interested in paraclinical subjects of which community medicine, pharmacology and forensic medicine shared equal status but none of them wanted to specialize in pathology and microbiology. Personal interest was rated among 81% of the students in influencing their choice of speciality. After completion of education about 45% of the students wanted to settle in urban area and equal percentage of students in rural area. The students who wanted to settle in India after specialization was 87%, who wanted to go abroad were 7%. About 46% of the students wanted to join the corporate set up after specialization, 36% wanted to become private practitioners. About 46% of the students felt that 1 year is adequate for basic sciences.Conclusion:  The career choices among the students of our institution were biased among the clinical subjects. The choices may change during the course of time which would be followed up. The role modelling by the faculty could be a factor in influencing their choices.
Knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods among married women in urban areas of Belagavi
Authors: K. Kruthika , Metgud Chandra S.
Published: March 2017

Background: Increase in population growth is one of the biggest problems faced from many developing countries including India. Contraception plays an important role to halt population growth but is one of the most deserted part of maternal and child health care. Even after India being the first country to launch the family planning programme still the prevalence of contraceptive use is low which in turn increases the maternal and infant mortality rate. Objectives: 1.To assesses the knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods. 2. To study the association between knowledge and practice of contraceptionMethods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 600 married women aged 15 to 44 years residing in three urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Belagavi. Information was collected using pretested, predesigned questionnaire and knowledge scoring was done. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of contraceptive use was 58.8%, among these 16.0% were condom user,18.9% were using IUCD, 4.3% using  rhythm method, 3.3% using OCPs and 16.3% were practicing sterilization method. According to knowledge score, sterilization and Condom methods had the highest scores and injectables least. In general as the knowledge score increased, the practice of contraception also increased. Conclusions: By the results we can conclude that increase in knowledge regarding contraceptives will increase the usage. This can be done by proper counselling for both husband and wife and providing proper information regarding contraceptive by removing their blind beliefs.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens: an eastern Indian study
Authors: Paul Rudrajit , Ray Jayanti , Sinha Sourav , Mondal Jayati
Published: March 2017

Background: Resistance to antibiotics is an extremely common phenomenon in bacteria isolated from clinical material. This is a serious threat to patient care all over the world. In India, antibiotic resistance has far reaching public health consequences. In this observational study, we aimed to generate data on the prevailing pattern of antibiotic resistance from Eastern India. Methods: This was a hospital based study involving both indoor and outdoor patients. Patients with history of antibiotic use in the past 3 months were excluded. The clinical specimens (blood, urine, pus etc.) were incubated for up to 7 days under aerobic conditions before declaring them as negative. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: There were a total of 93 specimens with the majority being blood culture (n=43) and urine (n=33). Majority (n=57; 61.3%) of isolated organisms were gram negative with E. coli predominating (n=36). Of the gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus predominated (32 out of 36). 100% of isolates from urine were gram negative while for blood, 60% of the isolates were gram positive. Resistance to penicillin group and cotrimoxazole was up to 100% in certain species. For carbapenem group, resistance varied from 17 to 75%. Resistance to aminoglycosides was 75% in Pseudomonas and 85% in Klebsiella. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated very high levels of resistance to different common antibiotics in different classes of bacteria. Such data can be used for antibiotic stewardship and also to formulate antibiotic use protocols.
Pilot study of hepatitis b, c and human immunodeficiency viruses infections among patients with chronic liver diseases from north-east india attending a new tertiary care health set up at shillong
Authors: Gurung Jeetendra , Phukan Anil Chandra , Khyriem Annie B. , Lynrah Kyrshanlang G.
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are major public health concerns in North-Eastern India. Association of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in CLD patients result in atypical presentations with increased severity and duration of illness. Understanding of agent, host, clinical profiles and their co-relationship for better management and prevention of such diseases in the community are important challenges. Aims: To assess sero-prevalance of HBV, HCV, HIV and their co-infection/triple infection in CLD patients from North-East India. To determine risk factors predisposing to development of CLDs. To find out if any correlation exists between risk factors for CLDs and that of HBV/HCV/HIV infections. Materials And Methods: This study was conducted from December 2009 to June 2011 in North-Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected from 57 clinically diagnosed CLD patients after obtaining Institutional ethical clearance. Detail clinical profile with relevant biochemical test results were recorded. Viral markers - hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e (HBe) antigen, anti-HBe and anti-HCV were assessed employing commercial ELISA kits. Specimens were subjected for detection and confirmation of HIV infection as per NACO Guidelines. Results: Male to female ratio was 1.85:1 with most cases in range of 31-50 years. HBV markers were detected in 35 (61.40%) and anti-HCV in 2 (3.5%) patients. Anti-HIV was reactive in 7 (12.28%) patients; 4 co-infected with HBV and 2 with HCV. Conclusion: HBV is still a major cause of CLD, followed by HCV in North-East India. Co-infection of HBV/HCV with HIV was low (7.14%) in comparison to rest of India. Confections of HIV with HBV/HCV in CLDs patients was observed to be major public health concern in terms of risk factors and transmission dynamics of these chronic diseases in North-East India.

 
Novos tempos e a emergência de uma nova classe média na periferia do capitalismo
Authors: De Jesus Oliveira Ualace Roberto
Published: March 2017

Nas últimas duas décadas, ocorreu um importante processo de expansão da atividade econômica em escala global, e esse fato corroborou para promover a ascensão social de milhares de indivíduos da base da pirâmide social. Esse processo no Brasil ficou conhecido por muitos autores como a emergência de uma "nova classe média". Diversos fatores contribuíram para tal fato no referido país, a exemplo da criação de milhares de empregos formais, políticas de valorização real do salário, popularização do consumo de bens e serviços via expansão do crédito, dentre outros fatores. Nesse ínterim, diversos autores elaboraram metodologias com o intuito de mensurar a dimensão da nova classe média mundial. Dito isso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo, por meio de uma abordagem descritiva, fazer uma discussão teórica sobre a emergência de uma nova classe média na periferia do capitalismo. 
Foco e escopo
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: March 2017

Foco e escopo
Diretrizes para autores
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: March 2017

Diretrizes para autores
Ovadiah Sforno’s last will and testament
Authors: Berns Andrew D.
Published: March 2017

This article presents new evidence about the life of Ovadiah Sforno, Renaissance Italy’s best-known Jewish Bible commentator. It includes a transcription and diplomatic edition of the final version of his last will and testament, along with an English translation. A short prefatory study explains aspects of Sforno’s family life that were previously unknown. A final appendix lists over 150 notarial documents from Bologna’s State Archive that concern Ovadiah Sforno and his family.
Uncovering midrash: the Hebrew slave in the
Mekhilta deRabbi Ishmael
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Michal
Published: March 2017

Two sets of biblical verses deal with the Hebrew slave’s refusal to be set free at the end of his servitude (Exodus 21:5–6; Deuteronomy 15:16–17). I examine a series of
derashot
from
Mekhilta deRabbi Ishmael
dealing with these two passages. I will claim that difficulties evident in this section stem from its derivative nature, and I will support this claim by showing that this passage is in fact using material from an earlier non-extant midrash on the parallel verses in Deuteronomy. The midrash in the
Mekhilta
adapts the earlier material in order to conform to the verses in Exodus, and demonstrates a Halakhic viewpoint that is in conflict with the midrash on Deuteronomy. The study has ramifications for wider scholarly issues, including the possibility of reconstructing lost midrashic material from later, reworked texts using careful philological examination and the findings of recent studies in the field of legal midrash.
Positive deviants and identity formation in classical rabbinic literature: dancing rabbis and divine approbation
Authors: Thiel Nathan
Published: March 2017

A number of studies have set the self-identity of the rabbis as it is developed in classical rabbinic literature in relief through comparison with the rabbinic portrayal of internal and external others. This study explores rabbinic identity formation from the reverse angle through the sociological concept of positive deviance, the study of transgressions of societal norms that are judged to be good and even admirable. I argue that this concept discloses a sort of self-negotiation that arises in the tension between religious ideals and the socially sanctioned means to achieve them. Rabbinic literature presents a number of stories of sages who are praised despite their eccentric, norm-breaking behaviour. I analyse three such narratives and their possible social function: the colourful story of R. Samuel b. Rav Isaac, an anecdote about R. Meir’s self-abasement, and the famous tale of Honi the Circle-Drawer.
The meaning and translation of the biblical adverb ̓
ūlay
(‘perhaps’) among medieval Jewish thinkers
Authors: Nadler-Akirav Meirav
Published: March 2017

This article focuses on the translation of the Hebrew word
̓ūlay
into Arabic and its interpretation among medieval Jewish thinkers. In general, there are two approaches concerning the meaning of the word
̓ūlay
: in the first it is a synonym for the words
la̔alla
in Arabic and
shema
in Hebrew; and in the second it is understood through context. This second approach suggests that it can be translated into Arabic as
law
,
law lam
,
la̔alla
,
likaī
and
la̔amrī
. The context of the word depends on the way in which scholars understand the biblical text; thus different approaches or understandings of the text lead to different translations. This article examines the use of the word by several medieval Jewish thinkers, both Karaitic and Rabbinic, such as Rabbi David Kimchi, David Ben Abraham Al-Fāsī, Abu al-Faraj Harūn, Ibn Ḡanâh, Menahem Ben Saruck, Ya̔qūb al-Qirqisānī, and especially Rabbi Sa̔adia Gaon and Yefet Ben ̔Eli.
Jews and the Irish nationalist imagination: between philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism
Authors: Beatty Aidan
Published: March 2017

This article focuses on three of the most canonical Irish nationalists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – Daniel O’Connell (1775–1847), Michael Davitt (1846–1906) and Eamon de Valera (1882–1975) – and the various claims they made that the Irish nation was analogous to the Jewish nation. In his recent work on
Anti-Judaism
David Nirenberg has shown how abstract ‘figures of Judaism’ have been used in large swathes of European political thought. Such abstract ‘Jewish’ figures, Nirenberg argues, have been utilized in debates over secular authority, the perils of capitalism, even modernity itself. Following Nirenberg, this article argues that O’Connell, Davitt and de Valera engaged in a comparable Irish nationalist ‘thinking with Judaism’; this was a means of thinking about Irish statelessness and about where Ireland fits into a broader white, European world, whilst simultaneously attacking British rule as analogous to the worst excesses of violent anti-Semitism.
The Jewish Aramaic tombstones from Zoar
Authors: Stern Sacha
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the Jewish Aramaic tombstones from the cemetery of Zoar in the light of the new collection published as Yiannis E. Meimaris and Kalliope I. Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou, in collaboration with Sebastian P. Brock,
Inscriptions from Palaestina Tertia
, volume Ic:
The Jewish Aramaic Inscriptions from Ghor Es-Safi (Byzantine Zoora)
. Meletemata, 73; Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation, 2016. 110 pp. + XXVIII plates. ISBN 978 960 9538 46 6.
Wybrane konsekwencje zmian zasad opodatkowania dochodów spółki komandytowo-akcyjnej
Authors: Janus Agnieszka
Published: March 2017

Obecnie w procesie zarządzania obciążeniami fiskalnymi przedsiębiorstwa istotne miejsce zajmuje optymalizacja podatkowa. Jest ona celem przyjętej i realizowanej strategii podatkowej przedsiębiorstwa, będącej jego reakcją na obciążenia podatkowe. Zdarza się jednak, że głównym motywem implementacji danej formy prawnej w praktyce gospodarczej jest wykorzystanie jej jako instrumentu optymalizacji podatkowej. Taką spółką do końca 2013 r. była spółka komandytowo-akcyjna. Celem artykułu jest próba wskazania na skutki zmian zasad opodatkowania dochodów S.K.A. dla jej liczebności, dynamiki i struktury na tle pozostałych spółek zarówno kapitałowych, jak i osobowych. Nowelizacja Ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych poprzez zrównanie statusu podatkowego S.K.A. ze statusem osób prawnych przyczyniła się do wzrostu obciążeń podatkowych tych spółek, spadku ich liczby zarówno w grupie hso, jak i spółek ogółem w Polsce, a tym samym obniżenia wskaźników struktury i dynamiki. Tymczasem w okresie 2014–30.06.2015, kluczowym dla oceny S.K.A. pod względem jej dalszej popularności jako formy prawnej przedsiębiorstwa, zauważa się wyraźny wzrost zainteresowania przedsiębiorców spółkami z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością oraz spółkami komandytowymi.
MODERATORSKA ULOGA NACIONALNE KULTURE U RELACIJAMA DIMENZIJA LIČNOSTI MODELA VELIKIH PET I ODGOVORNOG ORGANIZACIONOG PONAŠANJA
Authors: Mirković Biljana , Čizmić Svetlana
Published: March 2017

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita prediktivni doprinos dimenzija ličnosti modela Velikih pet odgovornom organizacionom ponašanju zaposlenih, kao i da se testira moderatorska uloga nacionalne kulture u relacijama dimenzija ličnosti i odgovornog organizacionog ponašanja zaposlenih koristeći okvir nacionalne kulture Republike Srpske i Austrije. Na uzorku od 651 zaposlenog, od čega 332 zaposlena iz Republike Srpske i 319 zaposlenih iz Austrije, primjenjeni su Inventar Velikih pet i Upitnik odgovornog organizacionog ponašanja. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresione analize ukazuju na značajne pozitivne efekte prijatnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti na odgovorno organizaciono ponašanje zaposlenih, pri čemu savjesnost ostvaruje najveći jednistveni doprinos. Takođe, dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da nacionalna kultura predstavlja značajan moderator relacije savjesnosti i odgovornog organizacionog ponašanja, te ukazuje da je pozitivni efekat savjesnosti na odgovorno organizaciono ponašanje snažniji kod zaposlenih iz Austrije nego kod zaposlenih iz Republike Srpske. Konačno, dobijeni rezultati pokazuju i da nacionalna kultura ima značajan direktan efekat na odgovorno organizaciono ponašanje zaposlenih, te da su zaposleni iz Republike Srpske skloniji odgovornom organizacionom ponašanju od zaposlenih iz Austrije. Dobijeni rezultati imaju značajne praktične implikacije za selekcijske postupke u cilju unapređenja odgovornog organizacionog ponašanja.
Avaliando Artes
Authors: Lima Maria Stela Beraldo de
Published: March 2017

Procuro neste texto, discutir o processo de avaliação na escola de modo geral e em específico, na disciplina de Artes, tendo como questões mobilizadoras: O que significa avaliar em Artes? É possível dar nota nesta disciplina? Se deixar de dar nota, estarei avaliando? Para buscar os caminhos destas difíceis respostas, inicio, a partir da minha participação no projeto “Escola Singular: ações plurais”, um processo de estudo e reflexão teórica contribuindo sobremaneira para o modo como venho desenvolvendo minha prática no que se refere à disciplina de Artes.
O desafio da inclusão: buscando caminhos entre os limites e possibilidades da escola
Authors: Sá Andréa Fernandes
Published: March 2017

A escola deve ser considerada um espaço inclusivo, um espaço de todos e para todos. Espaço este, em que devemos buscar atender e entender a diversidade humana. Neste sentido, o presente artigo buscou mostrar, através dos estudos e reflexões realizados pelas professoras de Educação Especial de uma escola municipal de Campinas, quais ações, entendidas como ações didático-pedagógicas, que devem ser tomadas dentro e fora de sala de aula visando a promoção da inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais.
Direito à inclusão: uma longa, tortuosa e dura conquista
Authors: Oliveira Rosana Andréa R. de
Published: March 2017

No presente artigo narro algumas vivências como professora de Educação Especial, acontecidas na Escola Padre Francisco Silva. Desde uma perspectiva de inclusão me questiono sobre as dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano escolar para dar conta da diversidade. Na busca por compreender historicamente o caminho percorrido pelas pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais, faço um diálogo com Pessoti (1984) quem me oferece elementos para ter uma compreensão maior das dificuldades que até hoje enfrentamos em relação à diversidade.
Literatura Surda
Authors: Karnopp Lodenir Becker
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do presente artigo é proceder a uma análise dos livros de literatura infantil Cinderela Surda e Rapunzel Surda, focalizando os sentidos produzidos sobre identidades e diferenças. As análises desses livros pretendem contribuir para a discussão da produção de uma literatura surda, que está vinculada às discussões sobre cultura e identidade. Na investigação desses materiais, os textos e as imagens produzidas evidenciam que os autores buscam o caminho da auto-representação do grupo de surdos, através da luta pelo estabelecimento do que reconhecem como suas identidades e suas diferenças. Tais evidências estão no uso da língua de sinais, em suas formas de narrar as histórias e/ou de adaptar histórias clássicas, tendo como base suas formas de existência, suas formas de ler, traduzir, conceber e julgar os produtos culturais que consomem e que produzem.
Um pouco mais da história da educação dos surdos, segundo Ferdinand Berthier
Authors: Nascimento Lilian Cristine Ribeiro
Published: March 2017

Este artigo traz trechos da biografia do abade l'Epée, escrita por um professor surdo do Instituto para surdos de Paris, Ferdinand Berthier, em 1840. Apesar de enaltecer a figura do abade, criador da primeira escola para surdos na França, Berthier tece críticas ao método de l'Epée, uma vez que, segundo ele, em nome do ensino da escrita correta eram realizadas deformações na linguagem de sinais, modificações que acabavam por torná-la estranha aos próprios surdos. Apesar de escrito há dois séculos o texto de Berthier traz discussões que ainda hoje estão presentes entre os educadores, nas quais o tema central é a língua a que os surdos devem ser expostos no processo educacional. A polêmica língua de sinais versus língua oral apresentava-se, naquela época, como hoje, como o centro das discussões na educação dos surdos.
Língua de sinais e escola: considerações a partir do texto de regulamentação da língua brasileira de sinais
Authors: Souza Regina Maria de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho é produto parcial de um conjunto de reflexões realizadas pela autora a partir do texto de regulamentação da Libras. Considerando a responsabilidade de ser revisto o currículo dos cursos de formação de professores a fim de se criar, na escola, um contexto bilíngüe de aprendizagem e ensino, a autora discute a necessidade de se propor um conjunto de princípios éticos para nortear a formulação da política lingüística a ser adotada, por esses mesmos cursos, na elaboração de medidas que atendam aos termos do Decreto N. 5626. Para demonstrar que seu cumprimento só poderá trazer novidades se romperem com as estratégias históricas de assimilação do outro, revisita a história da alfabetização no Brasil aproximando-a da situação dos surdos sinalizadores. A partir de Foucault, Rancière e Derrida finaliza considerando que o Decreto pode abrir rotas que rompam com estratégias fagocitárias se, de um lado, o outro for mirado e respeitado em sua radical diferença conosco, e se, de outro, seja convidado a fazer parte conosco das medidas a serem tomadas para ele.
Avaliação das condições de trabalho e sofrimento psíquico em camelôs
Authors: Mesquita Alex Andrade , Santos Dayse Reis dos
Published: March 2017

Os objetivos do estudo foram: Traçar o perfil de uma amostra de camelôs, avaliar sua saúde mental, suas condições de trabalho, correlacionar idade e tempo de serviço ao sofrimento psíquico e verificar se, em relação a este, existe diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres e casados e solteiros. Participaram de um estudo de corte transversal 40 trabalhadores que responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada e ao QSG-12. A maioria dos entrevistados possui apenas ensino fundamental incompleto, tem mais de 40 anos, trabalha mais de oito horas por dia, e cerca de 65% acreditam que seu trabalho lhes provoca ou intensifica alguma doença. A maioria relata seu ambiente de trabalho como desorganizado, sujo e quente. Dos participantes, 47,5% apresentaram sofrimento psíquico significativo, não se verificou correlações estatisticamente significativas. Observou-se que as condições de trabalho dos ambulantes são ruins e que mais da metade dos trabalhadores relata que essas condições afetam sua saúde.Palavras-chaves: Camelôs; Condições de trabalho; Saúde mental.
A percepção de mães adolescentes sobre seu processo de gravidez
Authors: Santos Natiely Lara Borges , Guimarães Denise Alves , Gama Carlos Alberto Pegolo da
Published: March 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar percepções de adolescentes sobre seus processos de gestação. Optou-se por abordagem qualitativa e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistadas 10 adolescentes com histórico de gestação atual ou recente em um município de Minas Gerais. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por análise de conteúdo. As gestantes relataram sentimentos contraditórios com relação à gestação. O amadurecimento, as restrições sociais e a evasão escolar foram as mudanças mais citadas. Nenhuma gestação foi planejada, sendo o uso inadequado ou inconsistente de método contraceptivo mencionado pela maioria. Notou-se a pouca aproximação das jovens com a Atenção Primária em Saúde. As perspectivas sobre o futuro foram vagas e sucintas. Os achados do presente estudo apontam para reprodução de padrões de comportamento sociais vinculados a faixa de renda, nível de escolaridade e gênero.Palavras-chave: Adolescente; Gravidez; Percepção.
A brinquedoteca universitária enquanto um espaço para as crianças de criação e imaginação
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana de , Araújo Tuane Francelino
Published: March 2017

Esse artigo visa apresentar uma reflexão acerca das atividades desenvolvidas em uma brinquedoteca universitária situada no Sul de Minas Gerais, especificamente a partir do desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa denominado “Brincando com sucatas”. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de oficinas junto às crianças e na realização de observação e filmagens em áudio e vídeo feitas pelas pesquisadoras e também pelas crianças. O referencial teórico adotado para o estudo está pautado nos pressupostos da Sociologia da Infância. Foi possível constatar que as crianças têm interesse por brinquedos artesanais feitos com sucata, mas que o interesse delas em produzir seus próprios brinquedos é bem maior. A pesquisa mostrou também a importância de se possibilitar um espaço lúdico de troca e de interação entre pares por meio do brincar, no qual a criança possa produzir e sentir-se à vontade em realizar suas atividades utilizando a sucata como matéria prima para sua imaginação.Palavras-chave: Brinquedoteca; culturas infantis; sociologia da infância.
O papel expansionista da escola contemporânea
Authors: Lockmann Kamila
Published: March 2017

Muitos estudos, apoiados nas postulações de Vincent, Lahire e Thin (2001) têm demostrando o quanto projetos socieoeducativos, que acontecem fora da escola, carregam uma forma escolar; movimento este denominado pedagogização do social. Por outro lado, autores como Smeyers e Depaepe (2008) tem apontado que vivemos na contemporaneidade o fenômeno da educacionalização do social, o qual convoca a Educação como instância de solução para uma variedade de problemas sociais. A partir da análise de um conjunto de documentos sobre as Políticas de Assistência Social no Brasil e de entrevistas com diretores de escolas municipais de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, pretendeu-se analisar os efeitos que tais fenômenos vêm produzindo na escola contemporânea. Um destes efeitos refere-se ao alargamento das funções da escola ou o que denominei o papel expansionista da escola contemporânea, o qual trata de apontar a multidimensionalidade de funções atribuídas a esta instituição no contexto contemporâneo.Palavras-chave: Políticas de Assistência Social; Educação; escola contemporânea.
Política e Gestão da Educação: explorando o significado dos termos
Authors: Gonçalves de Carvalho Elma Júlia
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a dimensão conceitual dos termos política e gestão, esclarecendo e aprofundando o entendimento que se tem deles, bem como detectando a relação de reciprocidade que guardam entre si. Consideramos que tal compreensão é particularmente relevante na análise da política educacional na atualidade, especialmente quando se toma como pressuposto que elas respondem às lutas e aos embates sociais, e que resultam das numerosas forças difusas pela sociedade, as quais participam direta ou indiretamente do poder. Nesse embate ou correlação de forças no processo de formulação de uma política ou de sua materialização na gestão, os argumentos, a linguagem e os significados dos termos importam, pois estes se constituem em estratégias de legitimação, de mobilização de pessoas em direção ao consenso e de construção da hegemonia.
Professores de Educação Infantil: dilemas, sucessos e vivências
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Cláudia Regina , Franco Francisco Carlos
Published: March 2017

O cenário brasileiro apresenta uma crescente demanda pela educação infantil em todas as camadas sociais, e as vivências na infância ganham importância. Diante dessa complexidade, este artigo tem como objetivo desvelar as trajetórias profissionais e pessoais dos professores ante os dilemas, sucessos e experiências que se apresentam em seu ambiente de trabalho e, de forma direta ou indireta, interferem em seu trabalho educativo e nas formas de conceber a profissão docente. Para tanto, realizaram-se entrevistas com sete professoras que atuam em uma escola de educação infantil da rede municipal de ensino de São José dos Campos, SP. Constatou-se que os professores sentem-se realizados em muitos momentos de sua prática educativa, o que se revela em pequenos detalhes, geralmente relacionados aos avanços no desenvolvimento dos alunos. Por outro lado, destacam como empecilhos as condições existentes para desenvolver seu trabalho, o início da carreira e as relações com outros profissionais e familiares das crianças, o que comumente é permeado por conflitos e desencontros.