bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focal adhesion kinase expression in ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Mu Lin , Zheng Wei , Wang Liang , Chen Xuejun , Yang Jianhua
Published: February 2008

Objective

To investigate whether focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is expressed in endometriotic ovarian tissue.

Methods

We collected tissue samples from the ovaries of 41 women with ovarian endometriosis and from the endometrium of 20 healthy women undergoing surgery for benign indications. FAK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Immunoreactive staining for FAK was present in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal cells in the 2 groups, but FAK expression was significantly higher in ovarian endometriotic tissue than in normal endometrium (P < 0.01). FAK expression in ovarian endometriotic tissue was correlated with disease stage, pelvic pain level, and mean diameter of endometriotic cysts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

FAK might contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis.
Long-term follow-up of laminin α2 (merosin)-deficient muscular dystrophy in a cat
Authors: Awamura Yuichi , Uchida Kazuyuki , Arikawa-Hirasawa Eri
Published: February 2008

Progressive muscle weakness beginning at 6 months of age was observed in a male Persian-mix cat. Muscle atrophy and joint contracture progressed over the next 3 years. The cat had developed gait difficulty at 8 months of age. The cat died at age of 5 years and 3 months due to an acute respiratory disorder. The clinical, laboratory, necropsy and histopathological findings of the cat were consistent with those of muscular dystrophy. The cat was diagnosed as having laminin α2 (merosin)-deficient muscular dystrophy on the basis of immunohistochemical findings. The cat was born in an inbred colony, and another related cat exhibited similar clinical signs. Few cases of laminin α2-deficient muscular dystrophy have been reported in cats, and this report provides additional information about the disease.
Cerebellar vascular hamartoma in a British Shorthair cat
Authors: Stalin Catherine E. , Granger Nicolas , Jeffery Nick D.
Published: February 2008

Cerebellar vascular hamartoma was diagnosed in a 16-month-old cat following magnetic resonance imaging and incisional biopsy. The clinical features were consistent with the cerebellar site of the lesion accompanied by signs attributable to cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum and increased intra-cranial pressure. A lesion of this type represents a previously unreported differential diagnosis for central nervous system lesions in young cats.
Comparison of different in-house test systems to detect parvovirus in faeces of cats
Authors: Neuerer Felix F. , Horlacher Karin , Truyen Uwe , Hartmann Katrin
Published: February 2008

In-house tests for the identification of faecal parvovirus antigen are now available. The majority of these are licensed for canine parvovirus only; but anecdotal information suggests that they will detect feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) as well. This prospective study was designed to compare five commercially available test systems. In total, 200 faecal samples from randomly selected healthy cats (148) and cats with diarrhoea (52) were tested and compared with the results of examination by electron microscopy. Ten cats were positive for FPV and all of these had diarrhoea. In-house canine parvovirus tests can be used to detect FPV. All tests were suitable to screen cats for faecal parvovirus excretion (positive predictive values for the Witness Parvo, the Snap Parvo, the SAS Parvo, the Fastest Parvo Strip, and the Speed Parvo were 100.0, 100.0, 57.1, 38.9, and 100%, respectively, negative predictive values for the Witness Parvo, the Snap Parvo, the SAS Parvo, the Fastest Parvo Strip, and the Speed Parvo were 97.4, 97.9, 98.9, 98.4, and 97.4%, respectively). In-house parvovirus tests may be positive up to 2 weeks after vaccination, and therefore, in recently vaccinated cats positive results do not necessarily mean infection.
CONTINUITY OF MULTIPLICATION IN THE LARGEST COMPACTIFICATION OF A LOCALLY COMPACT GROUP
Authors: PROTASOV I. V. , PYM J. S.
Published: February 2008

G[Lscr ][Uscr ][Cscr ] is the largest semigroup compactification of the locally compact group G. When G is not compact, given q ∈ G* = G[Lscr ][Uscr ][Cscr ] \ G, there is p ∈ G* such that x [map ] qx is discontinuous at p (Theorem 2).
If G is σ-compact, there is one p which will serve for all q (Theorem 1).
LIFTS OF SMOOTH GROUP ACTIONS TO LINE BUNDLES
Authors: RIERA IGNASI MUNDET I
Published: February 2008

Let X be a compact manifold with a smooth action of a compact connected Lie group G. Let L → X be a complex line bundle. Using the Cartan complex for equivariant cohomology, we give a new proof of
a theorem of Hattori and Yoshida which says that the action of G lifts to L if and only if the first Chern class c1(L) of L can be lifted to an integral equivariant cohomology class in H2G(X; ℤ), and that the
different lifts of the action are classified by the lifts of c1(L) to H2G(X; ℤ). As a corollary of our method
of proof, we prove that, if the action is Hamiltonian and ∇ is a connection on L which is unitary for some metric on L, and which has a G-invariant curvature, then there is a lift of the action to a certain
power Ld (where d is independent of L) which leaves fixed the induced metric on Ld and the connection ∇[otimes ]d. This generalises to symplectic geometry a well-known result in geometric invariant theory.
UNIFORMLY PERFECT ANALYTIC AND CONFORMAL ATTRACTOR SETS
Authors: STANKEWITZ RICH
Published: February 2008

Conditions are given which imply that analytic iterated function systems (IFSs) in the complex plane
[Copf ] have uniformly perfect attractor sets. In particular, it is shown that the attractor set of a finitely
generated conformal IFS is uniformly perfect when it contains two or more points. Also, an example is
given of a finitely generated analytic attractor set which is not uniformly perfect.
A POLAR DECOMPOSITION FOR HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ON A STRIP
Authors: SCHMÜDGEN KONRAD
Published: February 2008

Let f be a holomorphic function on the strip {z
∈ [Copf ] : −α < Im z < α},
where α > 0, belonging to the class [Hscr ](α,−α;ε)
defined below. It is shown that there exist holomorphic functions
w1 on {z ∈ [Copf ] : 0 < Im
z < 2α} and w2 on {z
∈ [Copf ] : −2α < Im z < 2α},
such that w1 and w2 have boundary
values of modulus one on the real axis, and satisfy the relations

w1(z)=f(z-αi)w2(z-2αi) and w2(z+2αi)=f(z+αi)w1(z)

for 0 < Im z < 2α, where f(z)
:= f(z). This leads to a ‘polar
decomposition’ f(z) = uf(z
+ αi)gf(z) of the
function f(z), where uf
(z + αi) and gf(z)
are holomorphic functions for −α < Im z <
α, such that [mid ]uf(x)[mid ] = 1
and gf(x) [ges ] 0 almost everywhere on the real axis. As a
byproduct, an operator representation of a q-deformed Heisenberg
algebra is developed.
ALL PRIMES HAVE CLOSED RANGE
Authors: READ C. J.
Published: February 2008

In this paper, we show first that any prime (or semiprime) element of a commutative Banach algebra
must have closed range. As a corollary, we find that in a commutative radical Banach algebra, all primes
are zero divisors; indeed, all semiprimes are zero divisors (see below for the definition of semiprimeness).
Our result is also true of a semiprime that is in the centre of a noncommutative Banach algebra.

The proof is fairly simple and entertaining, and we obtain a result that is helpful for the ambitious
classification of elements in commutative radical Banach algebras being attempted by Marc Thomas. It
is also related to the unbounded Kleinecke–Shirov conjecture.
NONEXISTENCE OF A SUBMERSION FROM THE 23-SPHERE TO THE CAYLEY PROJECTIVE PLANE
Authors: ZIZHOU TANG
Published: February 2008

The nonexistence of a submersion from the 23-sphere to the Cayley projective plane is proved.
PALEY'S INEQUALITY FOR THE JACOBI EXPANSIONS
Authors: KANJIN YUICHI , SATO KUNIO
Published: February 2008

Let F(z) = [sum ]∞n=0anzn be an analytic function in the unit disc satisfying

[formula here]

Then [formula here], which is familiar as Paley's inequality. In this paper, an analogue of this
inequality with respect to the Jacobi expansions is established.
ALL MODULES HAVE FLAT COVERS
Authors: BICAN L. , EL BASHIR R. , ENOCHS E.
Published: February 2008

In this paper we give two different proofs that the flat cover conjecture is true: that is, every module
has a flat cover. The two proofs are of completely different nature, and, we hope, will have different
applications. The first of the two proofs (due to the third author) is essentially an application of the
work of P. Eklof and J. Trlifaj (work which is more set-theoretic). The second proof (due to the first two
authors) is more direct, and has a model-theoretic flavour.
ON THE GAUSSIAN CURVATURE OF MAXIMAL SURFACES AND THE CALABI–BERNSTEIN THEOREM
Authors: ALÍAS LUIS J. , PALMER BENNETT
Published: February 2008

In this paper, a new approach to the Calabi–Bernstein theorem on maximal surfaces in the Lorentz–
Minkowski space L3 is introduced. The approach is based on an upper bound for the total curvature of
geodesic discs in a maximal surface in L3, involving the local geometry of the surface and its hyperbolic
image. As an application of this, a new proof of the Calabi–Bernstein theorem is provided.
Two thousand million?
Authors: Crystal David
Published: February 2008

Updates on the statistics of English. Starting with excerpt from David Crystal, How many millions use English? (ET1, 1985). The author says: Reading this article again, that almost a quarter of a century on, the most noticeable change, it seems to me, has been in the amount and colour of the author's hair! That aside, I am struck by my final comment: ‘I shall stay with this figure for a while’ – a billion. It appears I stayed with it for a decade. In the first edition of my English as a Global Language (1997: 61) I raised my estimate, suggesting a middle-of-the-road figure of 1,350 million. In the second edition (2003: 69), a ‘cautious temperament’, I said, would suggest 1,500 million. And these days, having read the more sophisticated assessments by David Graddol and others, I am prepared to revise upwards again in the direction of 2 billion. In short, we have moved in 25 years from a fifth to a quarter to a third of the world's population being speakers of English.
Words, war and terror
Authors: Hughes Geoffrey
Published: February 2008

Starts with excerpt from Geoffrey Hughes, Words of War (ET17, 1989). The lexicon of war in the twenty-first century. The major development since this article was published (1989, the year that the Berlin Wall came down) was the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001, now styled ‘9/11’. This used a stupefyingly original strategy of attacking the heart of America's capitalist and military establishment with the unconventional weapons of civilian aircraft and kamikazi pilots. Indeed, the bombing was a more ruthless variation of Pearl Harbour, being a hijack, less damaging in terms of hardware, but far more devastating in its effect on national morale and its propaganda impact. On a smaller scale, suicide bombings have now become relatively common.
Japan and English as an alien language
Authors: Dougill John
Published: February 2008

Starts with excerpt from John Dougill, English as a decorative language (ET12, 1987). Twenty years on English still decorates Japan. At the end of the 1980s, Japan's bubble economy burst and the country has been rectifying the ills of the past ever since. The drive to improve is a marked feature of the culture, and much has changed in the past twenty years. The number of ‘international Japanese’ has grown, as has the number of competent English speakers. Education has been freed up, English introduced into primary schools, and listening tests established in national exams. Yet the peculiarities of Japanese English (called Janglish or Engrish by some) continue to adorn the country's buildings, goods and items of clothing.
Bequia sweet/ Bequia is sweet: syntactic variation in a lesser-known variety of Caribbean English
Authors: Meyerhoff Miriam
Published: February 2008

An analysis of dialect variability in the use of BE in the island of Bequia. Bequia (pronounced /bekwei/) is the northernmost of the Grenadine islands in St Vincent and the Grenadines. Like most of the Caribbean, Bequia has a long history of language contact, but most of the evidence for this must be inferred. It appears that the Carib population living on the island before European colonization settled Bequia in successive waves of migration ultimately originating from the coast of South America indeed the name ‘Bequia’ is said to derive from a Carib word becouya, meaning ‘Island of the clouds’, but as yet I have been unable to trace this etymon reliably to a particular Carib language. Based on what we know about St Vincent, and the limited mentions of Bequia in the eighteenth century, we can infer that, at times, there may have been contact between some combination of speakers of a Carib language or languages, French, English, African languages and/or possibly a relatively new creole-like or contact variety of English.
Thinking in space: the lexis of thinking from a cognitive perspective
Authors: Granath Solveig , Wherrity Michael
Published: February 2008

An in-depth account of how English speakers think about thinking, using perspectives from etymology, metaphor and cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics addresses how we conceptually structure and linguistically categorize experience in order to render our world coherent and accessible. One of the ways we do so is through the creation of spatial metaphors. In cognitive theory, language is not regarded as a representation of objective reality, but rather, as the product of our interaction with the world as entities in three-dimensional space. The metaphors we use to structure experience conceptually are grounded in this interaction. Our ability to generate metaphors makes it possible for us to get a mental and linguistic grip on abstract concepts by representing them as tangible, concrete entities situated in space. Hence, from a cognitive perspective, metaphors are much more than occasional ornamental figures of speech occurring primarily in literary contexts; rather, they are all-pervasive components of everyday language and reflections of how we cognitively structure our world. It should come as no surprise then that, as we shall see, metaphorical expressions are particularly prevalent in the lexis of that most abstract of realms, the realm of thinking.
Tennis terms
Authors: Tulloch Alexander
Published: February 2008

Favourite etymologies from the world of tennis. At the mere mention of summer most of us think only of one thing: Wimbledon. And at the mere mention of Wimbledon everybody thinks of tennis. A summer without a Wimbledon tennis tournament is just about as unthinkable as fish without chips, Romeo without Juliet or the telly without Coronation Street. For two weeks at the height of summer the nation will be gripped with tennis fever. Matches will be played and replayed on our screens day and night and every volley, fault or service analysed by pundits and experts who convince us they know what they are talking about. But where did this game that spellbinds us for a fortnight come from?
A common view on strong, uniform, and other notions of equivalence in answer-set programming
Authors: WOLTRAN STEFAN
Published: February 2008

Logic programming under the answer-set semantics nowadays deals with numerous different notions of program equivalence. This is due to the fact that equivalence for substitution (known as strong equivalence) and ordinary equivalence are different concepts. The former holds, given programs P and Q, iff P can be faithfully replaced by Q within any context R, while the latter holds iff P and Q provide the same output, that is, they have the same answer sets. Notions in between strong and ordinary equivalence have been introduced as theoretical tools to compare incomplete programs and are defined by either restricting the syntactic structure of the considered context programs R or by bounding the set $\A$ of atoms allowed to occur in R (relativized equivalence). For the latter approach, different $\A$ yield properly different equivalence notions, in general. For the former approach, however, it turned out that any “reasonable” syntactic restriction to R coincides with either ordinary, strong, or uniform equivalence (for uniform equivalence, the context ranges over arbitrary sets of facts, rather than program rules). In this paper, we propose a parameterization for equivalence notions which takes care of both such kinds of restrictions simultaneously by bounding, on the one hand, the atoms which are allowed to occur in the rule heads of the context and, on the other hand, the atoms which are allowed to occur in the rule bodies of the context. We introduce a general semantical characterization which includes known ones as SE-models (for strong equivalence) or UE-models (for uniform equivalence) as special cases. Moreover, we provide complexity bounds for the problem in question and sketch a possible implementation method making use of dedicated systems for checking ordinary equivalence.
Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen
Authors: Esser Günter , Ihle Wolfgang
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. Trotz vielfältiger Maßnahmen und Erfolge in den letzten Jahren ist der Nikotin- und Alkoholkonsum in Deutschland immer noch sehr verbreitet und hat im Gegensatz zum Gesamttrend im frühen Jugendalter nicht kontinuierlich abgenommen. Gleichzeitig ist eine deutliche Zunahme des Probierkonsums illegaler Substanzen bei jüngeren Geburtskohorten und eine Vorverlagerung des Einstiegsalters in den Konsum legaler und illegaler Substanzen festzustellen. Die Identifikation von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für einen problematischen Substanzgebrauch im Jugendalter und die Etablierung daraus abgeleiteter evidenzbasierter Präventionsmaßnahmen ist daher nach wie vor eine der zentralen Aufgaben der Klinischen Psychologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Im vorliegenden Themenheft stellen wir aktuelle Studien aus Deutschland vor, die sich mit der Prävalenz und mit Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren des Substanzkonsums im Jugendalter beschäftigen und aus denen sich Anhaltspunkte für Präventionsstrategien ableiten lassen.
Rauschtrinken bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Blomeyer Dorothea , Schmidt Martin H. , Laucht Manfred
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. In den letzten Jahren verbreitete sich das Rauschtrinken unter Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Als Einflussfaktoren gelten elterliches Erziehungsverhalten, Temperament, der Freundeskreis und Delinquenz, jedoch ist bislang wenig über das Zusammenwirken dieser Faktoren auf Rauschtrinken bekannt. Es werden Ergebnisse von 333 15-jährigen Jugendlichen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, einer Längsschnittstudie an einer Geburtskohorte, berichtet. Etwa ein Drittel der Jugendlichen hatte bereits mindestens einmal im Leben so viel Alkohol getrunken, dass die Kriterien des Rauschtrinkens erfüllt waren. Erwartungsgemäß waren darunter mehr 15-Jährige mit ausgeprägtem Neugierverhalten und einem sozial auffälligen Freundeskreis. Unabhängig davon hatte elterliches Aufsichtsverhalten einen protektiven Effekt auf das Ausmaß des Rauschtrinkens. Neugierverhalten wies nach Kontrolle für Delinquenz, Freundeskreis und Erziehungsverhalten keinen statistisch bedeutsamen Zusammenhang zu starkem Alkoholkonsum auf. Demnach sind ein auffälliger Freundeskreis und Delinquenz mögliche Risikofaktoren für Rauschtrinken, ein positives Verhältnis zu den Eltern kann jedoch einen sowohl direkten als auch indirekten Schutzfaktor darstellen.
Körperliche Bestrafung: Prävalenz und Einfluss auf die psychische Entwicklung bei Vorschulkindern
Authors: Hahlweg Kurt , Heinrichs Nina , Bertram Heike , Kuschel Annett , Widdecke Nadine
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. Körperliche Bestrafung (kB) in der Erziehung ist immer noch weit verbreitet, obwohl die negativen Folgen vor allem von harter kB für die kindliche Entwicklung unumstritten sind. Seit November 2000 ist in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland jede physische und psychische Gewalt in der Erziehung untersagt (Neufassung des § 1631 BGB). Wie hoch ist die Prävalenzrate von kB bei Kindergartenkindern, welche Auswirkungen hat kB auf die kindliche Entwicklung? N = 477 Mütter (359 Väter) wurden zu prä und nach einem Jahr mit einer multimethodalen Fragebogenbatterie untersucht, die Mütter außerdem im Rahmen von Hausbesuchen befragt. Die Prävalenzrate von kB betrug 73 % bei den Müttern (58.5 % bei den Vätern, wobei diese Angaben auf Mütterurteilen beruhten). KB korrelierte wie erwartet bedeutsam mit soziodemografischen Variablen, der Häufigkeit kindlicher Verhaltensstörungen, dysfunktionalem Erziehungsverhalten und mütterlicher psychischer Befindlichkeit. Schlussfolgerungen: Eltern sollten die im Gesetz verankerten flankierenden Maßnahmen (z. B. Elterntrainings) zur gewaltfreien Bewältigung von Konfliktsituationen niedrig-schwellig zugänglich gemacht werden, nicht nur um die Inzidenz von kB zu reduzieren, sondern auch um negative Einflüsse bereits durchgeführter kB abzufedern.
Legale und illegale Substanzen im Jugendalter
Authors: Ihle Wolfgang , Lehmann Katrin , Esser Günter
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. Untersuchung von Konsumgewohnheiten, Einstiegsalter und Häufigkeit problematischen Gebrauchs legaler (Alkohol, Nikotin) und illegaler (Cannabis u. a.) Substanzen im Jugendalter. Analyse risikoerhöhender und risikosenkender Faktoren für problematischen Substanzgebrauch. Untersuchung einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 246 14- bis 15-Jährigen (20 % der Grundgesamtheit eines Landkreises, Querschnittstudie, Selbstbeurteilungsskalen). Die Prävalenzraten des problematischen Konsums betrugen bei Alkohol 19,9 %, bei Nikotin 48 % und bei illegalen Substanzen 16,7 %. Das durchschnittliche Einstiegsalter für den Konsum legaler Substanzen lag bei 12, bei illegalen Substanzen bei 14 Jahren. 4,9 % der Jugendlichen wiesen gleichzeitig problematischen Konsum von Nikotin, Alkohol und illegalen Drogen auf (Geschlechtsverhältnis Jungen : Mädchen 5,2 : 1). Problematischer Substanzgebrauch ließ sich am besten durch eine Kombination von risikoerhöhenden (schlechte Schulleistungen, leichte Verfügbarkeit illegaler Substanzen in der Nachbarschaft) und risikomindernden (sportliche Aktivität und gute Familienbeziehung) Merkmalen vorhersagen. Empfehlungen für Maßnahmen zur universellen, selektiven und indizierten Prävention werden abgeleitet.
Fibromyalgie: Eine körperliche Krankheit oder unspezifische psychische Störung?
Authors: Noeker Meinolf , Petermann Franz
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. Die Fibromyalgie (FM) ist eine multilokale, nichtentzündliche Schmerzstörung an bestimmten druckschmerzhaften Punkten des Bewegungsapparates. Hinzu treten multiple funktionelle Symptome wie Schlafstörungen, Magen- und Darmbeschwerden, Konzentrationsstörungen und nicht zuletzt psychische Beeinträchtigungen und Störungen (Depression, Angst, eingeschränkte Lebensqualität). Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen stellt die FM eine eher seltene Extremform weitverbreiteter funktioneller Schmerzstörungen des Bewegungsapparates dar. Die medizinische Diagnostik ergibt keinen pathologischen Befund. Entsprechend kontrovers wird die Ätiopathogenese diskutiert. Drei Störungsmodelle werden vorgestellt: (1) FM als organische Erkrankung auf der Basis einer genetischen Prädisposition, mit Regulationsstörungen der Hormonachse, des Vegetativums und der Neurotransmittersysteme, (2) FM als chronisch-funktionelle Schmerzstörung infolge einer Schmerzsensitivierung und -verstärkung (Wind-up-Phänomen), (3) FM als psychische Störung mit hoher Komorbidität im Bereich der Depression und Angststörungen im Sinne einer somatoformen Schmerzstörung mit katastrophisierender Symptomverarbeitung und exzessiv gesteigertem Krankheits- und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten. Zur Integration dieser Störungsmodelle stellt der Beitrag ein entwicklungspsychopathologisches Modell vor. Es unterscheidet vier Störungsetappen, denen jeweils spezifische medizinische wie psychologische Interventionsmethoden zugeordnet werden können; ausführlich werden verhaltensmedizinische Strategien vorgestellt.
Personality and Extrinsic Career Success
Authors: Dilchert Stephan , Ones Deniz S.
Published: February 2008

Abstract. The relationship between personality and salary was investigated among 4,150 managers. Individuals at five different managerial levels completed a measure of the Big Five personality dimensions as part of a work-related psychological assessment. The validity of personality for predicting salary was examined separately by managerial level, sex, as well as by purpose of assessment (selection versus development). Results indicated that personality predicts managerial salaries with useful levels of validity and thus is valuable for predicting extrinsic career success. While there was no evidence for differential validity by sex or purpose of assessment, results differed across managerial levels, with stronger relationships among the lowest and highest managerial groups (i. e., supervisors and top executives) largely due to increased predictor and criterion score variability.
Autonomie und Commitment to change als Determinanten der Person-Job- und Person-Organisations-Passung
Authors: Molter Beate , Stegmaier Ralf , Noefer Katrin , Sonntag Karlheinz
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung. Vor dem Hintergrund technologischer sowie organisationaler Veränderungen ist die Anpassung (Person-Umgebungs-Passung) besonders wichtig. Die vorliegende Studie hat untersucht, welche Rolle Autonomie und affektives Commitment to change für die Anpassung von Mitarbeitern an veränderte Jobanforderungen (Person-Job-Passung) sowie an neue Ziele und Werte (Person-Organisations-Passung) spielen. Die Studie wurde als Fragebogenerhebung mit 72 Mitarbeitern mit unterschiedlichen Berufen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse konnten zeigen, dass Autonomie bei der Arbeit in posi-tivem Zusammenhang mit Person-Organisations- und Person-Job-Passung steht. Ferner wurde demonstriert, dass affektives Commitment to change den positiven Zusammenhang in Bezug auf die Person-Organisations-Passung moderiert.
Spectrally resolved observations of atmospheric emitted radiance in the H2O rotation band
Authors: Bhawar R. , Bianchini G. , Bozzo A. , Cacciani M. , Calvello M. R. , Carlotti M. , Castagnoli F. , Cuomo V. , Di Girolamo P. , Di Iorio T. , Di Liberto L. , di Sarra A. , Esposito F. , Fiocco G. , Fuà D. , Grieco G. , Maestri T. , Masiello G. , Muscari G. , Palchetti L. , Papandrea E. , Pavese G. , Restieri R. , Rizzi R. , Romano F. , Serio C. , Summa D. , Todini G. , Tosi E.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents the project Earth Cooling by Water Vapor Radiation, an observational programme, which aims at developing a database of spectrally resolved far infrared observations, in atmospheric dry conditions, in order to validate radiative transfer models and test the quality of water vapor continuum and line parameters. The project provides the very first set of far‐infrared spectral downwelling radiance measurements, in dry atmospheric conditions, which are complemented with Raman Lidar‐derived temperature and water vapor profiles.
Full waveform inversion of reflection seismic data for ocean temperature profiles
Authors: Wood Warren T. , Holbrook W. Steven , Sen Mrinal K. , Stoffa Paul L.
Published: February 2008

We show that ocean temperature profiles can be accurately recovered using only acoustic methods employed at the sea surface. Using a towed air gun array and a hydrophone streamer, thermohaline boundaries are ensonified at a suite of frequencies and angles, yielding travel time trajectories and reflectivities. These data are inverted via full waveform inversion to estimate sound speed and, subsequently, a temperature profile. The high lateral data density of the seismic technique offers the potential of acoustically derived temperature profiles to be used to constrain models of ocean mixing and internal waves. Results on realistic synthetic data show that sound speed can be recovered with arbitrary accuracy when using broadband data, with known source function and recording geometry. Application to field seismic data (corroborated by expendable bathythermograph) shows that even with a seismic acquisition system not specifically calibrated for seismic oceanography, temperature contrasts within the ocean can be recovered to within one degree Celsius.
Mesoscopic fluid flow simulation in double‐porosity rocks
Authors: Ba Jing , Nie Jian‐Xin , Cao Hong , Yang Hui‐Zhu
Published: February 2008

A discrete Fourier transform algorithm is designed to simulate mesoscopic fluid flow(MFF) in double‐porosity rocks. Double‐porosity equations with MFF are derived. Results from pseudo‐spectral simulation show MFF transfers fast P waves and the first kind of slow P waves' energy to the second kind of slow P waves, and the Biot diffusive mode significantly attenuates the second kind of slow P waves' energy. We use a novel approach with a numerical grid method to solve the double‐porosity wave equations. We conclude that the wavefield's attenuation should be attributed to a two‐step mechanism: (1) MFF and (2) macroscopic Biot diffusion. Numerical estimations have shown that MFF in the double‐porosity model can produce a high attenuation (0.32DB/10 m, 1/Q = 0.1083) in the seismic band (50 Hz).
High‐strain creep of feldspar rocks: Implications for cavitation and ductile failure in the lower crust
Authors: Rybacki Erik , Wirth Richard , Dresen Georg
Published: February 2008

Cavitation damage and ductile fracturing is a common phenomenon observed in high‐temperature, ambient pressure deformation of superplastic metals and ceramics, but hardly described for geological materials. We performed high‐pressure, high‐temperature (400 MPa, 950°C–1200°C) torsion experiments on fine‐grained (size ≈4 μm, aspect ratio ≈2.5) synthetic feldspar aggregates containing <3 vol% residual glass. Samples deformed at constant strain rates (≈2 × 10−5 – 2 × 10−4 s−1) to high strain (≈2.8–5.6) reveal strain hardening at the lower strain rates. Microstructures show pronounced cavitation and formation of porosity bands containing redistributed glass, presumably associated with grain boundary sliding and shape‐preferred orientation of high‐aspect ratio feldspar grains. Sudden failure by strain‐induced nucleation, growth and coalescence of the cavities occurred in one‐third of the samples before deformation was terminated. In natural mylonites cavitation damage may produce increased porosity enhancing fluid flow in high‐temperature shear zones.
Heat flow study at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site: Borehole temperature, thermal conductivity, and radiogenic heat production
Authors: He Lijuan , Hu Shengbiao , Huang Shaopeng , Yang Wencai , Wang Jiyang , Yuan Yusong , Yang Shuchun
Published: February 2008

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project offers a unique opportunity for studying the thermal regime of the Dabie‐Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt. In this paper, we report measurements of borehole temperature, thermal conductivity, and radiogenic heat production from the 5158 m deep main hole (CCSD MH). We have obtained six continuous temperature profiles from this borehole so far. The temperature logs show a transient mean thermal gradient that has increased from 24.38 to 25.28 K km−1 over a period of about 1.5 years. We measured thermal conductivities and radiogenic heat productions on more than 400 core samples from CCSD MH. The measured thermal conductivities range between 1.71 and 3.60 W m−1 K−1, and the radiogenic heat productions vary from 0.01 μW m−3 to over 5.0 μW m−3, with a mean value of 1.23 ± 0.82 μW m−3 for the upper 5‐km layer of the crust. The heat productions in CCSD MH appear to be more rock‐type than depth‐dependent and, over the depth range of CCSD MH, do not fit the popular model of heat production decreasing exponentially with increasing depth. The measured heat flow decreases with depth from ∼75 mW m−2 near the surface to ∼66 mW m−2 at a depth of 4600 m. High heat flow anomalies occur at ∼1000 and ∼2300 m, and low anomalies occur at 3300–4000 m. A preliminary two‐dimensional numerical model suggests that both radiogenic heat production and thermal refraction due to structural heterogeneity are at least partially responsible for the vertical variation of heat flow in CCSD MH.
Performance of mixed layer models in simulating SST in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kara A. B. , Wallcraft A. J. , Martin P. J. , Chassignet E. P.
Published: February 2008

This paper examines the ability of three ocean mixed layer submodels to depict inter‐annual variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in a global configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The mixed layer submodels are (1) the K‐Profile Parameterization (KPP), (2) the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) turbulence closure, and (3) the Mellor‐Yamada Level 2.5 (MY) turbulence closure. Accuracy of SSTs from the submodels is investigated during 1996–2001, which includes the onset of the strong 1998 La Niña event, when a record cold SST anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific occurred. The model simulations (with no ocean data assimilation or relaxation to SST climatology) reveal that all three submodels generally capture the westward extent of the SST cooling within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the transition period from the 1997 El Niño to the 1998 La Niña, one of the largest short term events ever observed (7°C change in SST from May to June 1998). During the six‐month period after the transition, the daily SST from the submodels is ≈ 2°C warmer than the buoy SSTs obtained from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array. Some of these biases are due to deficiencies in the net shortwave radiation and near‐surface air temperature used for the simulations. Finally, comparisons with 166 yearlong daily SST time series from many buoys over various regions of the global ocean, including mostly equatorial Pacific, give median RMS differences of 0.65°, 0.70°, and 0.78°C for KPP, GISS, and MY, respectively, during 1996–2001.
Enzyme structural plasticity and the emergence of broad‐spectrum antibiotic resistance
Authors: Maurice Frédérique , Broutin Isabelle , Podglajen Isabelle , Benas Philippe , Collatz Ekkehard , Dardel Frédéric
Published: February 2008

The emergence of multi‐resistant pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide health issue. Recently, clinical variants of a single antibiotic‐modifying acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)‐Ib—a variant of aminoglycoside 6′‐N‐acetyltransferase—have been identified that confer extended resistance to most aminoglycosides and, more surprisingly, to structurally unrelated fluoroquinolones. The corresponding gene is carried by mobile genetic elements and is present in most multi‐resistant pathogenic strains, hence making it a serious threat to current therapies. Here, we report the crystal structures of both narrow‐ and broad‐spectrum resistance variants of this enzyme, which reveal the structural basis for the emergence of extended resistance. The active site shows an important plasticity and has adapted to new substrates by a large‐scale gaping process. We have also obtained co‐crystals with both substrates, and with a simple transition state analogue, which provides new clues for the design of inhibitors of this resistance mechanism.
Food Microbiology
Authors: Adams Martin R , Moss Maurice O
Published: February 2008

This is the third edition of a widely acclaimed text which covers the whole field of modern food microbiology. It has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field. It covers the three main aspects of the interaction between micro-organisms and food - spoilage, foodborne illness and fermentation - and the positive and negative features that result. It discusses the factors affecting the presence of micro-organisms in foods and their capacity to survive and grow. Also included are recent developments in procedures used to assay and control the microbiological quality of food and protect public health. The book is a thorough and accessible account designed for students in the biological sciences, biotechnology and food science. It will also be valuable to researchers, teachers and practising food microbiologists.
The BBC, the Creative Class, and Neoliberal Urbanism in the North of England
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: February 2008

The author examines the BBC's plans to move some of its key activities to Salford in the northwest of England. He develops a critique not so much of the plan to move, but of the specific proposals for that move (particularly as advanced by local parties in Salford) and of the economic-geographical claims assembled around them. To make these arguments, the author first identifies parallels between the proposals and Richard Florida's ‘creative class’ formulations. He then draws on a range of critiques of the ‘creative class’ concept to contest the substance of the BBC-Salford plan—which, he argues, reproduces an entrenched neoliberal urban development agenda—and to question the premise that the move will create regional economic value more broadly. Framed against international research into creativity-led development agendas which has typically privileged metropolitan or regional actors, the author argues that, ultimately, the BBC's proposals, while locally situated, are tightly bound up with national economics and politics.
A Shape-Based Buffering Method
Authors: Mu Lan
Published: February 2008

Distance constraint is a major concern in many spatial analyses. Buffering is one of the proximity techniques in GIS most commonly used to address this constraint. I introduce shape-based point buffering, an anisotropic and variable-distance buffer generation method conformal to the original polygons. In contrast with isotropic fixed-distance buffering, shape-based buffering is defined using a relative distance (percentage) instead of a real unit (for example, meters), and it allows all buffered boundaries to be formed at the same time. The construction and implementation of the buffering method are described below. Three emergency-response scenarios are designed to demonstrate potential applications of this buffering method, including a shape-based fixed-percentage buffer calculation and space distribution, a shape-based variable-percentage buffer region, and a reverse calculation of the task schedule from a probability surface constructed from shape-based buffers. Limitations of the method are discussed. The method has potential applications in emergency preparedness and planning to better address fairness issues when a geographic area must be zoned arbitrarily.
Residential and Nonresidential Construction Initiations in Tel Aviv-Yafo: Autocorrelation Analysis of Urban Structure Evolution
Authors: Porat Idan , Frenkel Amnon , Shoshany Maxim
Published: February 2008

Construction initiation (CI) of floor area is an important socioeconomic and physical characteristic of urban structure and its evolution. Despite its importance and the availability of CI data, it has not attracted significant attention until now. Since the 1970s, the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality and Israel Central Bureau of Statistics have collected annual CI data pertaining to residential and nonresidential categories for subquarters. This paper presents an analysis of the spatial evolution of the city of Tel Aviv in the years 1976–2003, from the CI perspective. Novel aspects of this research are related to autocorrelation analysis CI patterns in individual years versus annually accumulated construction and in core versus noncore build up categories. It is shown that floor-area additions form relatively complex spatiotemporal patterns that are not referred to explicitly in existing urban studies of Tel Aviv. Autocorrelation results suggest the superimposition of current almost homogeneous or random spread over earlier phases of core area domination: the formation of uniform choice space. These random patterns represent primarily spontaneous residential regeneration processes since 1990, and major diffusion of the commercial and public activities beyond the central business district areas.
The Awakening of Attneave's Sleeping cat: Identification of Everyday Objects on the Basis of Straight-Line Versions of Outlines
Authors: De Winter Joeri , Wagemans Johan
Published: February 2008

Attneave (1954 Psychological Review61 183–193) demonstrated that a line drawing of a sleeping cat can still be identified when the smoothly curved contours are replaced by straight-line segments connecting the positive maxima and negative minima of contour curvature. Using the set of line drawings by Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory6 174–215) we made outline versions (with known curvature values along the contour) that can still be identified and that can be used to test Attneave's demonstration more systematically and more thoroughly. In five experiments (with 444 subjects in total), we tested identifiability of straight-line versions of 184 stimuli with different selections of points to be connected (using 24 to 28 subjects per stimulus per condition). Straight-line versions connecting curvature extrema were easier to identify than those based on inflections (where curvature changes sign), and those connecting salient points (determined by 161 independent subjects) were easier than those connecting midpoints. However, identification varied considerably between objects: some were almost always identifiable and others almost never, regardless of the selection criterion, whereas identifiability depended on the specific shape attributes preserved in the straight-line version of the outline in other objects. Results are discussed in relation to Attneave's original hypotheses as well as in the light of more recent theories on shape perception and object identification.
Identification of Everyday Objects on the Basis of Fragmented Outline Versions
Authors: Panis Sven , De Winter Joeri , Vandekerckhove Joachim , Wagemans Johan
Published: February 2008

Although Attneave (1954 Psychological Review61 183–193) and Biederman (1987 Psychological Review94 115–147) have argued that curved contour segments are most important in shape perception, Kennedy and Domander (1985 Perception14 367–370) showed that fragmented object contours are better identifiable when straight segments are shown. We used the set of line drawings published by Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory6 174–215), to make outline versions that could be used to investigate this issue with a larger and more heterogeneous stimulus set. Fragments were placed either around the ‘salient’ points or around the midpoints (points midway between two salient points), creating curved versus relatively straight fragments when the original outline was fragmented (experiment 1), or angular and straight fragments when straight-line versions were fragmented (experiment 2). We manipulated fragment length in each experiment except the last one, in which we presented only selected points (experiment 3). While fragmented versions were on average more identifiable when straight fragments were shown, certain objects were more identifiable when the curved segments or the angles were shown. A tentative explanation of these results is presented in terms of an advantage for straight segments during grouping processes for outlines with high part salience, and an advantage for curved segments during matching processes for outlines with low part salience.
Identification of Everyday Objects on the Basis of Silhouette and Outline Versions
Authors: Wagemans Johan , De Winter Joeri , de Beeck Hans Op , Ploeger Annemie , Beckers Tom , Vanroose Peter
Published: February 2008

Line drawings of everyday objects were modified into silhouettes by filling-in the complete area enclosed by boundary contours, and outline versions were created by extracting the contours from the silhouettes. A large number of participants was asked to try to identify these silhouette and outline versions in experiment 1. Identifiability ranged from 0% to 100% correct responses with a large range in-between. Several kinds of errors and several reasons for difficulties with identification emerged in our data set. In experiment 2, we compared the original identification rates to those of inverted silhouettes (white figures on a black background), and in experiment 3 we compared the original identification rates of objects with filled-in holes or background parts to those of versions without filling-in. These stimuli and identification norms are useful for additional research on priming and context effects of object identification, neuropsychological deficits of object identification, and all kinds of studies with silhouettes where the role of top down knowledge could be of interest.
Distributions and fluxes of contaminant metals in the North Sea: comparisons between field measurements and model simulations using NOSTRADAMUS
Authors: Tappin A. D. , Statham P. J. , Burton J. D. , Gellers-Barkmann S.
Published: February 2008

Environmental context. The North Sea, which is of significant ecological, economic and recreational value to NW Europe, has for many years received enhanced inputs of contaminant metals arising from human activity around its shores. Fluxes of copper, nickel, zinc, chromium and other constituents throughout the southern North Sea were estimated using a numerical model in order to identify the main sources and sinks for these metals. Comparison of model output with independent and other data showed good agreement in general. The results indicate that models of the kind developed here can be used to provide useful information on contaminant metal transport in coastal waters.
Abstract. The steady-state 2-D vertically integrated numerical transport model NOSTRADAMUS has been used to simulate concentrations, distributions and fluxes of dissolved and particulate Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the southern North Sea between 51 and 56°N. The model results for the metals, and also for salinity and suspended sediments, were compared with field measurements from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) North Sea Project (NSP). The model generated realistic concentrations of all constituents, and in many cases reproduced the major features of the distributions, i.e. higher concentrations in the coastal zones and lower values in the central region. The sensitivity of the model results to variations in forcing data was extensively tested. In most cases, the default data provided the best results (quantified by residual sums of squares scores) despite no formal model calibration having been undertaken. Simulated fluxes indicated that metal inputs across the open sea boundaries were significant (Cu, 51%; Cr, 36%; Ni, 57%; Zn, 32%), although for Cu, Ni and Zn, river inputs were also important (13–15%). Metal transfers associated with particle settling and resuspension were significant (23–55%), and resuspended sediments were a minor net source, relative to particle settling, of Cu, Ni and Zn to the water column over the simulated year. In contrast, the resuspension of sediment from the seabed appeared to be a major source of Cr to the water column, a feature not explained at present. The major export from the North Sea in the model was through the northern boundary adjacent to the coast of Denmark. The fraction lost was in the range 61%, for Zn, to 90%, for Cr. Model results were compared with available independent data. The comparisons showed that the simulated constituent transfers approximated reasonably well with contemporary understanding of metal, and other constituent, fluxes in this region. These outcomes serve to emphasise the underlying capabilities of the model, and it can be concluded that NOSTRADAMUS provides the basis for heuristic studies of contaminant metals in the southern North Sea.