bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of GIS and remote sensing in mapping land degradation: catchment of the Manyame River, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muhoyi Hardlife , Muhoyi Edgar
Published: February 2023

The Manyame River Catchment area in Zimbabwe, is experiencing severe land degradation mainly due to legal and illegal land husbandry practices. These practices are negatively impacting on the sustainability of the existing ecosystems. The conditions of land can be inferred using its vegetative cover e.g., Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Quantitative data relating to land degradation based on notable physical features such as gullies, for Manyame River Catchment at landscape scales is poor. This study focused on the distribution and magnitude of land degradation in the Manyame River Catchment area. The study mapped out the contours of human induced land degradation using a residual trend analysis (RESTREND) method. In particular, the study used remote sensed data (NDVI and precipitation time series) to analyse the shifts over period 2000 to 2017. The analysis used R statistical software packages (RESTREND and Kendal) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to quantify the degradation trends. The results indicated extracts of those areas which experienced significant human induced land degradation during the study period. RESTREND effectiveness was assessed using Mann Kendal Test. The results of this study can be used by natural resources practitioners in monitoring, assessing and managing environmental changes using GIS tools.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of
5-fluorouracil-dithiocarbamate Conjugates
Authors: Zhan Yifeng , Wang Youyun , He Shibo , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing
Published: February 2023

Background:

Novel anti-tumor bioactivity compounds were designed by the strategy of modular
hybridization with the bioactivity advantages of 5-fluorouracil and dithiocarbamate derivatives.

Methods:

A series of novel 5-fluorouracil-dithiocarbamate conjugates were synthesized, characterized
and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in vitro against B16, Hela and U87MG by MTT assay. Colonyformation,
transwell migration, cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution assays were performed to explore
the anti-tumor activities and mechanism of conjugates for compounds P3 and P4. Conjugates, dithiocarbamate
derivatives combined with copper ions and 5-fluorouracil were investigated by molecular docking.

Results:

The results of cytotoxicity assays illuminated that these conjugates had anti-tumor activity
against B16, Hela and U87MG. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of these conjugates was significantly increased
when combined with copper ions, and compound P3 displayed better bioactivity compared to the
other compounds. Conjugates might be metabolized in the cells to produce dithiocarbamates, and then
metabolites formed complexes with copper ions, generating better anti-tumor effects. Molecular docking
studies exhibited that compound P3 appeared the strongest interaction with the receptors 6CCY and
5T92.

Conclusion:

Compound P3 exhibited better anti-tumor bioactivity and might be emerged as the lead
compound for the treatment of glioma. Further research in vivo will be performed in our following work.
Molecular Docking and Simulation Analysis of Cyclopeptides as Anticancer
Agents
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Manish , Saharan Renu , Varma Navneet , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Kaushik Deepak , Sharma Rajeev Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigated in this context.

Methods:

Docking research was carried out using the protein complexes 1FKB and 1YET, downloaded from the PDB database and used in the docking investigations. Cyclopeptides have been reported to bind molecularly to human HSP90 (Heat shock protein) and FK506. It was possible to locate HSP90 in Protein Data Banks 1YET and 1FKB. HSP90 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank 1YET and 1FKB. Based on these findings, it is possible that the anticancer effects of Int A, Cordy, and Oligo substances could be due to their ability to inhibit the mTOR rapamycin binding domain and the HSP90 Geldanamycin binding domain via the mTOR and mTOR chaperone pathways. During the calculation, there were three stages: system development, energy reduction, and molecular dynamics (also known as molecular dynamics). Each of the three compounds demonstrated a binding affinity for mTOR's Rapamycin binding site that ranged from -6.80 to -9.20 Kcal/mol (FKB12).

Results:

An inhibition constant Ki of 181.05 nM characterized Cordy A with the highest binding affinity (-9.20 Kcal/mol). Among the three tested compounds, Cordy A was selected for MD simulation. HCT116 and B16F10 cell lines were used to test each compound's anticancer efficacy. Doxorubicin was used as a standard drug. The cytotoxic activity of substances Int A, Cordy A, and Oligo on HCT116 cell lines was found to be 77.65 μM, 145.36 μM, and 175.54 μM when compared to Doxorubicin 48.63 μM, similarly utilizing B16F10 cell lines was found to be 68.63 μM, 127.63 μM, and 139.11 μM to Doxorubicin 45.25 μM.

Conclusion:

Compound Cordy A was more effective than any other cyclic peptides tested in this investigation.
Metformin and 2-Deoxy-d-glucose synergistically inhibit the viability of thyroid papillary carcinoma with BRAF mutation by ROS-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Song Xicheng , Zheng Haitao , Lin Xiyuan , Xu Jie , Ma Chi , Wang Zhengzhai , Yang Xiaoqing
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism through which metformin combined with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) decreases the viability of BCPAP thyroid papillary carcinoma cells. BCPAP cells were treated with only metformin, only 2-DG, and both metformin and 2-DG. We used the CCK-8 assay to assess cell viability, dichlorofluorescein staining to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), and western blot analysis to quantify protein expression. We found that metformin and 2-DG alone decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin and 2-DG were 5.329 mM and 1.154 mM, respectively. Coadministration of metformin and 2-DG significantly inhibited BCPAP cell proliferation and increased cellular ROS levels and AKT phosphorylation at Ser437. These effects were reversed following the treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Our findings suggest that metformin and 2-DG synergistically suppress BCPAP cell proliferation, potentially via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by increasing cellular ROS levels.

result:

We found that metformin and 2-DG alone decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin and 2-DG were 5.329 mM and 1.154 mM, respectively. Coadministration of metformin and 2-DG significantly inhibited BCPAP cell proliferation and increased cellular ROS levels and AKT phosphorylation at Ser437. These effects were reversed following treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine.

conclusion:

Our findings suggest that metformin and 2-DG synergistically suppress BCPAP cell proliferation, potentially via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by increasing cellular ROS levels.
Efficacy and Biomedical Roles of Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Bioactive
Food Components
Authors: Vaezi Morteza
Published: February 2023

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) as bioactive compounds possess a wide range of biomedical
functions and a lack or shortage of them may cause serious harm to human body health. Biochemically,
UFAs have attracted growing interest, and this attention arises not only from biomedical reasons
but also economic ones. Among these fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are considered the
most efficient and safe compounds which can be used for expanding and identification of novel functionalities.
They are considered essential membrane components and are associated with a variety of
biological processes. For example, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a central role in the proper functioning of the nervous system
like anti-atherogenic properties and improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Briefly,
understanding the relationship between these properties and potential biomedical applications of
UFAs may help to elucidate and facilitate the development of novel pathogenesis strategies regarding
their disorders in human health and diseases. This review provides the most suitable functional roles
and potential mechanisms of UFAs associated with human health and nutrition.
Communicative Competence: The Transcendental And Understanding
Authors: Mickunas Algis , Pilotta Joseph
Published: February 2023

This chapter follows up on the central role of understanding in terms of the
need to understand methodologically and in practical life in order to achieve AI with
concrete limits. We cast this within the framework of communicative competence,
which requires both understanding as well as the reciprocal relationship of the
part–whole. Communicative competence sets out a criterion for our investigation and
identifies a key human experience—“How did we get into this situation?” —which
requires understanding, distancing from the situation, surveying the situation
historically, and trying to anticipate where we go next. This critical understanding
and/or critical reflexivity is needed, which is thoroughly phenomenological. 
Transcendental Self-Awareness and Time
Authors: Mickunas Algis , Pilotta Joseph
Published: February 2023

 Chapter 4 further investigates the importance of time, and human awareness
of it, as that relates to artificial intelligence, apprehending time from a perspective that
emphasizes its similarities to any other “thing”. The chapter begins with a discussion of
the importance of a paradigm that prioritizes rational thought structures. Thus, the
discussion turns to questions of the "now" point, field awareness, and the nature of
causality, based on the philosophizing of Edmund Husserl. The issues of intentionality
and representationalism are addressed in relation to artificial intelligence as well as to
the self, the other, and social understanding in general.
Can I—Can You—Can We?
Authors: Mickunas Algis , Pilotta Joseph
Published: February 2023

Chapter 8 aims to fully address the question: What is the mode of awareness
which frames the building of the pragmatic world, and what are its “passive”
transcendental conditions? As such, the discussion turns to the issues of the signitive
cosmos of space-time-movement, the practical domain, and the abstract versus the
concrete. The concepts of significance and understanding are brought to bear on a
discussion that relates perception and praxis to kinesthesis and embodiment, requiring
an exposition of the logic of analogy. This leads to an explanation of the importance of
the vital-kinesthetic, which has, up until now, been obscured by the primacy of
Cartesian dualism in Western thinking. The dualism appears between the postulation of
a “mind” as a thinking subject, and a body as a material mechanism, which functions as
a reaction to specific stimuli. There is no self-initiating movement, which would
explore the environment, have orientations or even any sense of what is forward or
backward, up or down, left or right. Yet, our kinesthetic body understands all these
orientations, and in fact, they become the coordinates of our practical world.
Conditions For Public Decisions
Authors: Mickunas Algis , Pilotta Joseph
Published: February 2023

Chapter 11 entertains the tensions between the development of future
artificial intelligence structures and the priorities of universal human rights, which
necessitate the founding of a public domain. We return to our discussion of the effects
of Enlightenment theorizing on the current situation, contrasting that with the
possibilities afforded by taking a phenomenological approach to the concept of human
rights. The limits of personal autonomy are discussed, and phenomenological concepts
that were explicated earlier in work are applied to this question of human rights, which
are discussed in conjunction with, as well as in opposition to, the effects of the
globalizing logic that advocates for the unfettered application of computer logic to all
aspects of life.
CAT tools in translation of collocations
Authors: Alowedi Noha Abdullah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the impact of CAT tools on translation and the complications that occur during collocation translation. The study used a collocation test of ten statements to be responded to by 95 students of Saudi Electronic University. The data was analyzed to investigate the productivity of the respondents using CAT tools for translation of the collocations in the assessment. Findings showed a positive impact of these tools on the student’s performances with an average score of 71.97% in the collocation test. Results also showed that there were no significant differences between students' score in the test attributable to their level of enrolment. Finally, no statistical differences were found between students' score in selecting the correct verb collocation and selecting the appropriate rendering. The study concludes with reinforcing the importance of multiple ways of training translation students in the use of CAT Tools and recommends providing students with access to these. Furthermore, the study also recommends pertinent solutions to the problems likely to arise in the integration of CAT tools in translation studies
Retos y desafíos de la reactivación de la Aviación del Ejército en Colombia en el período 1995-2007
Authors: Rodríguez Gallego Raúl Andrés , Morales Osorio Luisa Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo hace énfasis en la evolución, el crecimiento y la importancia de la Aviación del Ejército desde comienzos del siglo XX, destacando la labor conjunta en el desarrollo de opera-ciones militares. Reconoce los retos y desafíos para la reactivación y consolidación de la aviación en el período 1995-2007, examina las etapas de creación y transformación de la Aviación del Ejército antes de 1995, analiza el aporte del Plan Colombia en la reactivación y consolidación de la Aviación del Ejército y muestra las ventajas de esta reactivación como una parte de la estrategia militar del Estado. La Aviación del Ejército está proyectada como un arma que nunca dejará de pensar en el soldado y en el pueblo colombiano. La experiencia acumulada del conflicto interno hace de este cuerpo una capacidad para hacer del Ejército Nacional una fuerza estratégica.
La Caballería Montada del Ejército Nacional de Colombia entre los siglos XX y XXI
Authors: Forero López Harold Andrés , Puyana Paz Sergio Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo analiza los aportes de la Caballería Montada del Ejército Nacional de Colombia entre los siglos XX y XXI. Para esta investigación fenomenológica se realizó una organiza-ción cronológica que inicia con los antecedentes de la Caballería Montada y del Ejército Nacional y abarca el período de la Independencia, las guerras civiles y el siglo XX, con las guerras internacionales vividas y de interés en la participación del arma. Asimismo, se hace un análisis de la guerra irregular o conflicto armado interno y, finalmente, se estudia el auge de la hípica en el país y el protagonismo del Ejército Nacional en esta disciplina
Limpieza de los cítricos
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Corpoica y el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural de Colombia lo invitan a conocer el siguiente clip tecnológico sobre cómo realizar una correcta limpieza de los cítricos para su posterior comercialización.
Manejo de la chinche de los pastos bovinos
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

La cinche de los pastos afecta la producción de forrajes sanos para alimentación de bovinos. En este clip se indica cómo prevenir esta plaga de insectos chupadores de graminias.
Cosecha de melón
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se recomienda la adecuada preparación de las semillas para el cultivo de melón.
Empaque de cebolla de rama
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se conoce el proceso de empaque de cebolla de rama, en el departamento de Boyacá.
Empaque de maracuyá
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Aprenda en este clip tecnológico a empacar correctamente los frutos del Maracuyá, para transportar y comercializar.
Épocas de siembra del cultivo de soya
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Corpoica y el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural de Colombia lo invitan a conocer el siguiente clip tecnológico sobre las épocas adecuadas para la siembra de soya en la Orinoquía colombiana.
Fertirriego en melón
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

El principal sistema de riego que se utiliza últimamente, es el riego por goteo; aprenda en este clip tecnológico la forma adecuada de adecuarlo en su cultivo de melón.
Hormiga arriera en el cultivo de aguacate
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Un inadecuado manejo fitosanitario en el cultivo baja los estándares en calidad lo que se traduce en un disminución en productividad. En este clip se recomienda el control de la hormiga arriera en el cultivo de aguacate.
Identificación del suelo en cilantro
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se muestra cuales son los suelos adecuados para el cultivo de cilantro.
Impermeabilización de cortes: cicatrización
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip se muestra la etapa de cicatrización el la producción de mango, ya que es un proceso fundamental para la adecuada recuperación de las plantas afectadas.
An Analysis of Good Qualities of Human Beings Generally and Leaders Especially: An Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Mukhtar Sohaib , Ghulam Abbas Hafiz
Published: February 2023

Leader is that person who is followed by other persons and not following other persons. Leader inspires other persons and makes more leaders rather than making followers and he is enthusiastic about future and leads a group towards successful and prosperous future. Islamic Law is revelation of Almighty Allah revealed on the last Prophet Muhammad for betterment of human beings in both worlds. Islamic Law is a complete code of life provides guidelines required to be followed in all aspects of life to achieve success. Prophet Muhammad led a group later conquered more than half world by following teachings of Almighty Allah and Prophet Muhammad. The vision of a leader is comprised of (i) Motive, (ii) Intention, and (iii) Object. Motive is an idea developed by leader, intention is an action upon motive and object is the reason of struggle. Some leadership qualities include (i) Truthfulness, (ii) Trustworthiness, (iii) Justice, (iv) Knowledge, (iv) Fearlessness, (v) Calmness, and (vi) Selflessness. This study is a qualitative method of research point out and describe qualities of a leader under verses of Holy Book Quran and authentic traditions of Prophet Muhammad. Almighty Allah says “O’ believers! Fully enter in Islam and do not follow footsteps of an evil, indeed he is your true enemy”. Prophet Muhammad said “Muslim can do other sins but he cannot tell a lie”. Similarly, a Muslim cannot defraud his followers otherwise he cannot be considered a good leader. Knowledgeable and powerful person is given more importance under Islam Law over a lay man and a weak person and he who accepts Islam and believes in (i) Almighty Allah, (ii) His angels, (iii) His books including Holy Quran (iv) His messengers including Prophet Muhammad, (v) day of judgment, (vi) good-bad fate, and (vii) resurrection after death has no fear of future and he is not sad on his past. It is therefore recommended that youngsters are required to follow teachings prescribed in Holy Quran and authentic traditions of Prophet Muhammad for benefits in this world as well as in hereafter.
Overview of River over Drainage Channels in the Wailela River Watershed, Teluk Ambon District, Ambon City
Authors: Serang Rudi
Published: February 2023

Drainage is a sewer system that functions to drain rainwater runoff, sewage from settlements, factories, industrial wastewater, prevent stagnant water and so on. Thus, if there is stagnant water or runoff in an area, the condition of the local drainage channel needs to be evaluated. Stagnant water that is not immediately drained can cause negative impacts such as disruption to residents' activities, the environment becomes dirty, smells bad, and causes disease. Analysis and discussion of rainfall calculations for 10 years with rational methods based on algebraic mean, Gumbell, Log person III. The purpose of this study is to analyze how much runoff discharge, dirty water discharge discharge and rehabilitate existing drainage channels and drainage runoff handling solutions. By analyzing the rainfall discharge that occurs in the field using return periods of 1.01 years, 2 years, 5 years and 10 years, the peak hours that occur in the drainage area are obtained. For the 0.01 year return period it is 345.597 mm/hour, for the 2 year return period it is 435.094 mm/hour, for the 5 year return period it is 477.044 mm/hour, and for the 10 year return period it is 511.195 mm/hour. The amount of discharge / discharge of dirty water in channel Ka1 = 0.0037 m3/s, for channel Ka 1a = 0.0059 m3/s, for channel Ka 1b = 0.0060 m^3/s, for channel Ka 2 = 0.0058 m^3/ sec , for Ka 2a channel = 0.0039 m3/s, for Ka 2b channel = 0.0034 m3/s, for Ki 3 channel = 0.0056 m3/s, for Ki 3a channel = 0.0010 m3/s, for Ki 3b channel = 0.0012 m3/ sec
Genealogía del régimen internacional de asilo: ¿control o protección?
Authors: Ortega Velázquez Elisa
Published: February 2023

La hipótesis central de este artículo es que el régimen internacional asilo, y su instrumentación a través del régimen de refugiados, tiene una racionalidad biopolítica de control, selección y exclusión que sirve a los fines prácticos, políticos, racistas y clasistas de los Estados; es decir, el objetivo es rebatir la narrativa imperante que lo presenta con una lógica humanitarista de protección de las personas perseguidas y afín a los derechos humanos y demostrar que desde sus orígenes tiene una racionalidad distinta. El diseño metodológico es deductivo, es decir, se llegó a dicha teorización a través de fuentes documentales. Para efectos de probar la hipótesis referida, en primer lugar, se estudiará cómo se ha construido, definido y limitado al sujeto refugiado. En segundo lugar, se elaborará una genealogía del régimen internacional de los refugiados en sus cuatro fases de desarrollo, que van de inicios del siglo XX a la actualidad. Y, en tercer lugar, se analizará la racionalidad biopolítica del régimen internacional de los refugiados, la cual se basa en la selección, el control y la exclusión, mas no en la protección de estas personas.
El nuevo estatus jurídico del ius cogens, reflexiones en torno a los informes de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional
Authors: Rojas Amandi Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo examina la importancia del trabajo de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional en el desarrollo del concepto del ius cogens, el cual inició con su inclusión en los artículos 53 y 64 de la Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados. En un segundo momento, la Comisión, con base en un análisis de la práctica internacional, ha definido en cuatro informes la naturaleza del ius cogens, los requisitos para considerar una norma internacional como tal, sus consecuencias jurídicas y una lista ilustrativa de estas normas. De esta forma, la Comisión de Derecho Internacional ha hecho una contribución útil al desarrollo progresivo del derecho internacional público.
The power of example: The relationship between supervisors' and employees' organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Li Dongxu , Shang Congyong
Published: February 2023

This study applied social learning theory to investigate the relationship between supervisors' and employees' organizational citizenship behavior, as well as the moderating role of leader–member exchange (LMX). Through convenience sampling we selected 239 employees from different
organizations in China to complete the study in two stages separated by a 1-month interval. Hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that employee OCB was positively influenced by supervisor OCB and that LMX positively moderated this relationship. Hence, organizations should account
for the effect of supervisors' OCB, cultivate supervisors' awareness of and ability to conduct OCB, select supervisors with a high OCB tendency, endow them with job autonomy, and encourage them to build high-quality exchange relationships with employees.
Hallstatt Period Fibre Analysis from Slovenian Burials
Authors: Lau Ronja
Published: February 2023

Multiple Slovenian cemeteries of the early Iron Age/Hallstatt period (800–400 BC) yield mineralised textile finds. Due to preservation of the textiles on metal objects, they can be contextualised and analysed using a variety of methods. The current paper discusses the applicable methods and information that can be acquired from very small textiles fragments. Difficulties arise particularly due to the lack of documentation of the old excavations and the past restoration work. It is not only modern excavated material that can be meaningful; the finds from the late 19th century are worth re-examining, especially since technology and methodology have evolved. Gaining information from microstratigraphy, comparing relevant finds and fibre analysis are just a few methods shown within this research. The work was a collaborative project with Karina Grömer and the National History Museum Vienna (Austria) and formed a part of my master’s thesis.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Harding Kelly D. , Wrath Andrew J. , Flannigan Katherine , Unsworth Kathy , McFarlane Audrey , Pei Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective

The manner in which language is used reflects how people in a society view one another. Historically, individuals with disabilities have experienced discrimination through the use of stereotypic or demeaning language. Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) may be particularly susceptible to these negative impacts, particularly given the stigma associated with the disability. We discuss how individuals with disabilities may be affected by our use of language.

Materials and Methods

Current definitions of FASD from Canadian provincial/territorial, national, and international governments and organizations were collated. Recent academic definitions found in the peer-reviewed literature were also reviewed. All definitions were independently coded by the two authors to identify definitions which were based upon current and emerging evidence and which included factual information about FASD. A standard definition of FASD was developed through an iterative process, including expert consultation and feedback from the larger FASD community.

Results

We propose an evidence-based, lay-language standard definition of FASD to be used in a Canadian context, intended to reflect the range of strengths and challenges of individuals with FASD as well as the whole-body implications of the disability.

Conclusion

Our standard definition of FASD provides an opportunity to ensure consistency in language, increase awareness of FASD, promote dignity, and reduce stigma upon people with FASD and their families. We encourage governments, policy makers, service providers, and researchers to adopt the authors standard defi-nition of FASD, with the goal of increasing awareness of FASD, reducing stigma, and improving communication and consistent messaging about the disability.
Understanding Contraceptive Behaviour to Prevent Unintended Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies
Authors: Reid Natasha , Chen Chun-Chi , Bernard Anne , O'Callaghan Frances
Published: February 2023

Materials and Methods

Participants were recruited through the university research participation website where a link to an online survey was made available to first year undergraduate psychology students. The online questionnaire included questions on contraceptive and alcohol consumption behaviours in the past month, and questions that assessed participants’ knowledge and attitudes. A total of 106 participants were included in the current study.

 

Results

The majority of participants reported using contraception when having sex in the past month. The most common form of contraceptive used was male condoms (~60%), followed by the oral contraceptive pill (~46%). There was a significant difference in one of the knowledge scales between the two contraceptive groups: participants who reported Never/Sometimes using contraception had higher knowledge of reproduction compared to those who reported using contraception more often. The proportion of participants who used contraception more frequently reported having more positive attitudes towards contraception compared to those who reported Never or Sometimes using contraception.

 

Conclusion

Given the lifelong impacts that can be experienced for individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), prevention of unintended alcohol-exposed pregnancies is an area that requires serious attention. If the high prevalence rates of FASD are to be reduced, prevention needs to take place for people of reproductive age, particularly in Australia where we have high rates of unplanned pregnancies and a binge drinking culture.
Phytochemical Assessment of Certain Seaweeds of Enteromorpha Species in Coastal Regions of Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sona P.
Published: February 2023

Freshly dried seaweeds are being extensively consumed, particularly by peoples living in coastal areas. Enteromorpha algae are nutritious and low-calorie food rich in essential Amino acids, Fatty acids, Vitamins, Dietary fiber and Resistant protein of humans. E. prolifera has many nutritional compounds and polysaccharides that have attracted extensive interest due to their numerous biological activities. The current studies for uses some Phytochemical components such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Proteins, free Amino acids, Saponins, Sterols, Terpenoids, Coumarin, Glycosides, Quinones and Tannins are evaluated on the chosen Enteromorpha intestinalis species, including E. flexuosa, E. intestinalis and E. prolifera. In addition, Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat and photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids were also quantitatively determined.
Migraciones en el orden hegemónico contemporáneo del sistema-mundo moderno
Authors: Cabrera García Ada Celsa , Cordero Díaz Blanca Laura , Crivelli Minutti Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Este libro avanza en la tesis de la existencia de un vínculo entre las migraciones y el actual proceso de reconfiguración hegemónica, que parece delinearse desde los Estados Unidos hacia China, observando la migración en las dinámicas de la acumulación de capital a escala mundial. En este panorama, se estudian estrategias de instrumentalización de los fenómenos del auge y visibilización de las migraciones en tránsito para acceder a territorios estratégicos, como ocurre en la selva del Darién, en Centroamérica; o de la producción de la fronterización de los Estados Unidos y la detención de migrantes en México, en un régimen de movilidad y producción de inmovilidad en Norteamérica. Sobre el Cono Sur y el Caribe, el trabajo aporta estudios de caso sobre la crisis migratoria venezolana, las experiencias de la nueva oleada de migrantes cubanos y la gobernanza de las migraciones como Venezuela y Brasil, en donde soberanía, nacionalismo y desarrollo aparecen como discursos excluyentes en el marco de las relaciones interestatales. También son sujetos de estudio los jóvenes de pandillas transnacionales, los defensores de migrantes en Europa, las trabajadoras del hogar y la generación 1.5 en su retorno a México desde los Estados Unidos. Este es el sexto volumen que ha resultado del trabajo cooperativo de la Red Internacional Académica de Cooperación Internacional (RIACI), en colaboración con el Grupo de Investigación en Cooperación Sur-Sur e integraciones regionales de la Red Española de Estudios del Desarrollo (GICSS-REEDES), la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (México) y la Universidad de Cantabria (España).
Pemberian Suaka Diplomatik dalam Hukum Internasional: Dilema antara Aspek Kemanusiaan dan Tensi Hubungan Bilateral
Authors: Putri Janardana , Arsika I Made Budi
Published: February 2023

Diplomatic asylum is a practice of granting international protection outside of state territory which is often carried out based on the extraterritorial theory and the principle of inviolability possessed by a state to carry out its diplomatic mission.  In several cases, diplomatic asylum is sometimes regarded as reducing the sovereignty of a state which potentially leads to increasing bilateral tensions. However, humanity considerations as the reasons behind the granting of diplomatic asylum are appreciated by the international society. This article aims to discuss the existence of diplomatic asylum from the perspective of sovereignty and the legitimacy of diplomatic officials to grant diplomatic asylum. This article concludes that international law generally places state sovereignty and non-intervention as fundamental principles that must be respected. Both the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) do not specifically regulate the issue of diplomatic asylum, therefore, its legal basis often refers to state practices. The granting of diplomatic asylum that is not based on humanity's interest may raise a controversy under international law. Instruments of international human rights law justify for diplomatic officials to grant asylum to people in need, especially in critical situations that threaten the safety of that person.

Abstrak

Suaka diplomatik merupakan praktik pemberian perlindungan internasional di luar wilayah teritorial suatu negara yang kerap dilakukan atas dasar eksistensi teori ekstrateritorial dan prinsip inviolabilitas yang dimiliki oleh suatu negara untuk melaksanakan misi diplomatiknya. Dalam beberapa kasus, pemberian suaka diplomatik terkadang dianggap mereduksi kedaulatan suatu negara sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan tensi hubungan bilateral. Hanya saja, dalil kepentingan kemanusiaan sebagai dasar pemberian suaka diplomatik justru diapresiasi oleh masyarakat internasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai eksistensi suaka diplomatik yang ditinjau dari perspektif kedaulatan dan legitimasi pejabat diplomatik untuk memberikan suaka diplomatik. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum internasional pada umumnya menempatkan kedaulatan negara dan non-intervensi sebagai prinsip-prinsip penting yang harus dihormati. Baik Konvensi Wina mengenai Hubungan Diplomatik (1961) maupun Konvensi Wina mengenai Hubungan Konsuler (1963), tidaklah secara spesifik mengatur persoalan suaka diplomatik, oleh karenanya suaka diplomatik berkembang pada praktik negara-negara. Pemberian suaka diplomatik yang tidak didasarkan dengan kepentingan kemanusiaan dapat memunculkan kontroversi dalam hukum internasional. Instrumen hukum hak asasi manusia internasional memberikan justifikasi bagi pejabat diplomatik untuk memberikan suaka kepada orang yang membutuhkan, khususnya dalam situasi genting yang mengancam keselamatan orang tersebut.
Pemikiran Hukum Nasional A. Qodri Azizy: Eklektisisme Hukum Islam dan Hukum Umum
Authors: Hefni Wildani
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the legal thought of A. Qodri Azizy combines three materials of national law in Indonesia. This article focuses on the Islamic legal thought of Qodri which is based on the narrative of the flexibility between Islamic law and general law based on compatibility within  Indonesian context. Qodri used a concept called Eklektisisme Hukum to unify the all materials of national law. Qodri offers Islamic law as a product of knowledge (ijtihad) that can be reconstructed as a system that is considered to be more holistic and comprehensive. In the development of national law, Qodri refused to formalize Islamic law in Indonesia in its application. He relies more on scientific dialectics that can be accepted democratically. Qodri argues that the realization of Indonesian law requires a collective effort to eliminate divisions in certain areas. According to this article, Qodri refused the formalization of Islamic law in line with his approach to refused of Western law with an absolute paradigm. On another hand, he refused customary law. According to Qodri’s legal thought, each legal building has a link to be integrated with the Indonesian context by integrating various disciplines to build a spirit of national legal with Indonesian characterictic. At this point, Qodri’s eclecticism approach finds its relevance in integrating of general law and Islamic law which is based on the middle path of national compromise.

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas pemikiran hukum A. Qodri Azizy yang memadukan antara tiga bahan baku hukum nasional di Indonesia. Fokus artikel ini pada pemikiran hukum Islam Qodri yang didasarkan pada narasi fleksibilitas pertautan antara hukum Islam dan hukum umum yang kompatibel dengan realitas keindonesiaan yang kemudian dinamakan eklektisisme hukum Indonesia. Di dalam eklektisisme hukum, Qodri menyatukan dan mencairkan kekuatan-kekuatan pola pikir bangunan hukum yang selama ini cenderung berhadapan. Qodri menempatkan hukum Islam sebagai produk pengetahuan (ijtihad) yang dapat direkonstruksi agar lebih holistik dan komprehensif. Dalam pembangunan hukum nasional, Qodri menolak intervensi negara dan lebih berpijak pada dialektika keilmuan yang dapat diterima secara demokratis. Qodri memiliki argumentasi bahwa perwujudan ilmu hukum Indonesia (Indonesian jurisprudence) membutuhkan ikhtiar kolektif untuk menghilangkan pengotakan pada wilayah tertentu. Qodri menolak formalisasi hukum Islam dan juga menolak penggunaan hukum Barat dengan paradigma yang mutlak, serta menolak pengunaan hukum adat secara membabi buta. Qodri memiliki argumentasi bahwa masing-masing bangunan hukum memiliki keterkaitan untuk dipadukan dalam konteks menemukan spirit bangunan hukum nasional yang bercirikan keindonesiaan. Pada titik inilah, pendekatan eklektisisme Qodri menemukan relevansinya dengan mengintegrasikan hukum Islam dan hukum umum yang bertitik pijak pada jalan tengah kompromi kebangsaan.
Funcionalidad Familiar de Adolescentes Asistentes a control prenatal. Cartagena 2021
Authors: Manrique-Anaya Yolima , Del toro-Rubio Moraima
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia tiende a presentar repercusiones personales, sociales, educativas y psicológicas en la madre y en el hijo. Es por ello por lo que el apoyo de la familia y su funcionalidad resultan cruciales. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de funcionalidad familiar existente en las familias de las adolescentes gestantes asistentes a controles prenatales en tres instituciones de salud de Cartagena-Colombia durante 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, y asociación. La población estuvo constituida por 780 adolescentes gestantes que asisten a controles prenatales en dos instituciones. Se determinó una muestra de 185 adolescentes gestantes, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico. Fue aplicado instrumento sociodemográfico y APGAR familiar. Resultados: Las gestantes participaron de la institución A (50,81%) y de la institución B (44,32%), se trató de adolescentes bachilleres (58,92%), que conviven en unión libre (51,35%), en familias nucleares de origen (32,97%) y sus familias devengan ingresos entre 1 – 2 salarios mínimos (48,11%). El embarazo actual no fue planeado, y a los controles prenatales asisten con la mamá (31,35%), la pareja (27,57%) o solas (22,16%). La funcionalidad normal fue la más frecuente (99,46%), y se presentó asociación (p ≤ 0,05) con las instituciones, con la tipología familiar de naturaleza monoparental conformada y con el acompañamiento a los controles prenatales. Conclusión: Se determinó un nivel de funcionalidad familiar normal en las familias de las adolescentes gestantes asistentes a controles prenatales en dos instituciones de salud de Cartagena.
Reflexiones de los 4 roles de enfermería e impactos en América Latina
Authors: Aponte-Franco Sandra Milena , Rodríguez-López Javier Isidro , Casales-Hernández María Guadalupe , Jiménez-Sánchez Juana
Published: February 2023

La enfermería reconocida como disciplina profesional cuenta con conocimientos dirigidos al cuidado de la vida humana, su desarrollo la ha diferenciado de otras disciplinas dándole visibilidad particular desde cuatro roles: gestión, enseñanza, investigación y atención clínica. Para lo cual se generó una reflexión sobre los impactos positivos y negativos del evolucionar de enfermería en América Latina ante estos roles, desde la gestión se evidencia avances importantes desde el liderazgo gremial y organizacional, pero retrocesos en el escalamiento político, e institucional. Existe brecha de la formación profesional en comparación a otras regiones, aun así, el crecimiento de programas educativos ha dado la posibilidad de la profesionalización, pero debate el reto de la calidad, la disparidad formativa y la oferta centrada en el paradigma clínico. En el campo investigativo se resalta la creación de programas doctorales y post graduales que amplían la generación de conocimiento, pero también se evidencian barreras en la transferencia y visibilidad colectiva del conocimiento. En el área clínica espacio con mayor abordaje de las acciones formativas y laborales del profesional, cuenta con grandes retos en su crecimiento, organización, escalamiento, seguridad y precariedad laboral. En esa perspectiva la comunidad U-Nursing LatAm se ha integrado para aportar a la región en estos retos. Finalmente se concluye que la mayoría de los desafíos son relacionados con las habilidades sociales y blandas que deben potencializarse en el plano personal y colectivo. Todas las situaciones requieren tener una valoración directa de las posibilidades de fortalecer y mejorar la enfermería desde cada país de la región, teniendo en cuenta los cuatro roles.
Experiences of people volunteering during the Covid-19 pandemic: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Authors: Udalowska Anna E. , Osin Evgeny N.
Published: February 2023

A recent quantitative study showed volunteering to be an important
protective factor against the negative psychological impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to further explore this area of
research by analysing the experiences of those volunteering during the
pandemic using qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews of
six individuals volunteering in various roles throughout the pandemic
have been analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. There
emerged three superordinate themes; Staying Connected, Doing Something
Useful and Having a Choice. The results suggest that volunteering can
help individuals to overcome the negative effects of social isolation
and strengthen their sense of connectedness, to find meaning by engaging
in interesting and useful activities, and, finally, to experience
autonomy in the autonomy-frustrating lockdown context. The findings
broaden understanding of the protective impact of volunteering which
could be used to inform public health interventions following infectious
outbreaks.
Otolith and balance function evolution related to cochlear implantation in hearing loss with inner ear malformations
Authors: Shen Mengya , Xue Shujin , Wei Xingmei , Chen Biao , Kong Ying , Li Yongxin
Published: February 2023

Objectives: In recent years, with the incidence of bilateral
cochlear implantation (CI) increasing, understanding the impact of CI on
otolith function is of greater necessity. This study aims to investigate
the development of gross motor and otolith function in patients with
inner ear malformations (IEMs) by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials
(VEMP). Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients with
sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (age 5.7±4.1 years) were divided into
two groups based on the presence (IEM group, n=39) or absence (control
group, n=39) of IEMs. VEMP was conducted before and 1–3 months after
CI, and gross motor development assessed. Results: The mean
ages of head control and independent walking were delayed in the IEM
group compared with control group ( p=0.02). The preoperative
cVEMP and oVEMP response rates were higher in the control groups (60%
and 86.95%) than in the IEM group (57.69% and 74.35%) (
p<0.05). Additionally, abnormal cVEMP was associated
with delayed acquisition of independent walking ( p=0.017).
Saccular and utricular functions after CI were lost by 40% and 31.75%,
respectively, in group of patients present preoperatively VEMPs waveform
(n=25). Conclusions: Balance development is more reduced in
patients with SNHL and IEMs than in patients without IEMs. The
otolith-vestibular nerve conduction pathway can be affected by CI and
lead to otolith function impairment. As such, evaluating the otolith and
balance functions before CI is necessary and should be considered in
clinical practice.
Ukraine -- Taiwan Offshore Wind Joint Venture. Promising cooperation for achieving Energy Independence.
Authors: Ivanov Glib
Published: February 2023

An Offshore Wind joint venture between Ukraine and Taiwan is proposed to
exchange Ukrainian welding experience for Taiwan’s offshore wind
technology, notably floating. The first Black Sea offshore wind farm is
envisioned as the first economical driver of the project with later
joint fixed and floating offshore wind turbine foundations production
envisioned. The dangers and benefits of this project from technical and
board socio-political aspects were analysed using the SPEED framework.
As Ukraine and Taiwan governments are searching for possible post-war
cooperation directions, this paper provides a promising idea in the
field of Offshore Wind. The ultimate goal is to support the
establishment of friendly relations between Taiwan and Ukraine.