bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Pursuit of Closed‐Loop Supply Chains for Critical Materials: An Exploratory Study in the Green Energy Sector
Authors: Lapko Yulia , Trianni Andrea , Nuur Cali , Masi Donato
Published: February 2018

A closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC) is considered not only an important solution for ensuring sustainable exploitation of materials, but also a promising strategy for securing long‐term availability of materials. The latter is especially highlighted in the materials criticality discourse. Critical raw materials (CRMs), being exposed to supply disruptions, create an uncertain operational environment for many industries, particularly for green energy technologies that employ multiple CRMs. However, recycling rates of CRMs are very low and engagement of companies in CLSC for CRM is limited. This study examines factors influencing CLSC for CRM development in photovoltaic panels and wind turbine technologies. The aim is to analyze how the factors manifest themselves in different companies along the supply chain and to identify enabling and bottleneck conditions for implementation of CLSC for CRM. The novelty of the study is twofold: the focus on material rather than product flows, and examination of factors from a multiactor perspective. The evidence obtained suggests that the manufacturing companies and reverse supply‐chain operators engaged in the study take different perspectives (product vs. material) regarding development of CLSC for CRM and thus emphasize different factors. The findings underline the need for interactions between supply‐chain actors, a sound competitive environment for recycling processes, and investment in technologies and infrastructure development if CLSC for CRM is to be developed. The paper provides implications for practitioners and policy makers for implementation of CLSC for CRM, and suggests prospects for further research.
Effects of the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16‐1 on the rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of tomato
Authors: Wan Tingting , Zhao Huihui , Wang Wei
Published: February 2018

Fusarium oxysporum is a common soil‐borne pathogen that causes serious economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bio‐control agents Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16‐1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SN15‐2 and the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculation on tomato rhizosphere bacterial communities and growth, as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Treatment with SN16‐1 and SN15‐2 had a transient influence on indigenous bacterial communities, withSN16‐1 showing great potential for controlling FOL. The corresponding genera of terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) that were significantly altered after 10 days were obtained using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) database comparison. Genera that produce antibiotics and promote plant growth were activated by SN16‐1 and FOL treatments, indicating that SN16‐1 responds quickly to FOL invasion. Moreover, the bioremediation activity characteristic of certain genera and the levels of enzymes that degrade pathogen cell walls were decreased while bacterial nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion were enhanced with FOL treatment. In conclusion, we found that SN16‐1 possesses the capacity to control tomato wilt, acts synergistically with soil microbes and does not have a persistent effect on the rhizosphere bacterial communities of tomato.
Towards a better understanding of the Chenopodium album aggregate (Amaranthaceae) in the Middle East: A karyological, cytometric and morphometric investigation
Authors: Habibi Farzaneh , Vít Petr , Rahiminejad Mohammadreza , Mandák Bohumil
Published: February 2018

The study of variation in nuclear genome size, especially when combined with common garden experiments, significantly contributes to disentangling interspecies relationships within taxonomically complicated plant groups. The Chenopodium album aggregate is among the morphologically most variable groups and consists of many weakly differentiated cosmopolitan entities. We analysed nuclear genome size variation in diploid and polyploid species of the aggregate from Iran using flow cytometry of 282 accessions from 88 populations of 7 species. To this end, we also determined chromosome numbers and performed a morphometric study to reveal the extent of intraspecific morphological variation. We found that Iranian species are exclusively diploid (C. vulvaria), tetraploid (C. novopokrovskyanum, C. strictum, C. sosnowskyi and C. chaldoranicum) or hexaploid (C. album subsp. album, C. album subsp. iranicum and C. opulifolium). Six homogeneous relative genome size groups were distinguished among the species studied. Our morphometric study surprisingly revealed that under similar ecological conditions Chenopodium species are morphologically stable and well distinguishable, exhibited very little morphological variation. Hence, immense variation in leaf shapes, branching and inflorescence organization seen in the field has not been repeated under greenhouse conditions. The only exception was C. album s. str. which exhibited numerous morphotypes, covering the variation of remaining species.
Examining Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Corporate Offending and Beyond‐Compliance Behavior: The Efficacy of Direct and Indirect Regulatory Interactions
Authors: Rorie Melissa L. , Simpson Sally S. , Cohen Mark A. , Vandenbergh Michael P.
Published: February 2018

Tom Tyler's Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using criminal justice authorities as the research focus. To date, the theory has not been empirically tested using corporate malfeasance as an outcome, despite evidence that procedural justice is important in achieving regulatory compliance. This study uses factorial survey methods to examine whether corporate behavior is predicted by professionals' perceptions of procedural justice and legal legitimacy. We find that procedural justice and legitimacy considerations are salient only when managers have direct contact with regulatory authorities. This supports John Braithwaite's argument that effective regulation is enhanced by microlevel interactions in which procedural justice can be effectively leveraged to promote compliance.
Borrelia burgdorferi genes, bb0639‐0642, encode a putative putrescine/spermidine transport system, PotABCD, that is spermidine specific and essential for cell survival
Authors: Bontemps‐Gallo Sébastien , Lawrence Kevin A. , Richards Crystal L. , Gherardini Frank C.
Published: February 2018

Polyamines are an essential class of metabolites found throughout all kingdoms in life. Borrelia burgdorferi harbors no enzymes to synthesize or degrade polyamines yet does contain a polyamine uptake system, potABCD. In this report, we describe the initial characterization of this putative transport system. After several unsuccessful attempts to inactivate potABCD, we placed the operon under the control of an inducible LacI promoter expression system. Analyses of this construct confirmed that potABCD was required for in vitro survival. Additionally, we demonstrated that the potABCD operon were upregulated in vitro by low osmolarity. Previously, we had shown that low osmolarity triggers the activation of the Rrp2/RpoN/RpoS regulatory cascade, which regulates genes essential for the transmission of spirochetes from ticks to mammalian hosts. Interestingly, induction of the pot operon was only affected in an rpoS mutant but not in a rpoN mutant, suggesting that the genes were RpoS dependent and RpoN independent. Furthermore, potABCD was upregulated during tick feeding concomitant with the initiation of spirochete replication. Finally, uptake experiments determined the specificity of B. burgdorferi's PotABCD for spermidine.
Cannibalism as a selective force on offspring size in fish
Authors: Olsson Karin H. , Andersen Ken Haste
Published: February 2018

Cannibalism may cause considerable mortality on juvenile fish and it has been hypothesised that it may exercise selection on offspring size in that larger offspring may enjoy a size refuge. For this to be evolutionarily advantageous the survival of individual offspring must compensate for the reduced fecundity implied by larger offspring size. We develop a model which combines standard assumptions of size‐dependent mortality with adult cannibalism to investigate the potential for cannibalism to act as selective force on offspring size. We find that for this potential to be realised, the mortality due to cannibalism must exceed a threshold value that is a decreasing function of non‐cannibalistic predation intensity, cannibalized size range width and the average cannibalized size. If cannibalism exceeds this threshold, the model predicts evolution of offspring size towards refuges above or below cannibalized size range depending on initial offspring size. Cannibalistic mortality cannot be so great that the population is non‐viable, however, the range of parameter values describing cannibalistic intensity allowed within these boundaries is wide. On this basis, we suggest that cannibalism is a potential mechanism for offspring size selection.
Mortality and short‐term morbidity in infants with exomphalos
Authors: Sakonidou Susanna , Ali Kamal , Farmer Isabel , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne
Published: February 2018

Background

Infants with exomphalos major have a high mortality and morbidity. The aims of this study were to identify predictors of survival regardless of the size of the exomphalos, and to analyze morbidity in infants with exomphalos minor.

Methods

Patients were classified as having exomphalos major or minor based on whether the liver was in the exomphalos sac, and the size of the abdominal wall defect. The respiratory, gastrointestinal and surgical outcomes of 50 infants with exomphalos (including 27 with exomphalos major) were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify factors predictive of survival.

Results

No infant with exomphalos minor died; there were seven deaths in the exomphalos major group (P < 0.001). Infants with exomphalos minor who had chromosomal abnormalities (six had a genetic diagnosis of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome) developed severe respiratory distress or chronic respiratory morbidity. Nasogastric feeding at discharge was required in 37% of infants with exomphalos major and in 17% with exomphalos minor. Lower gestational age (area under the ROC curve [AUROC], 0.814) and birthweight (AUROC, 0.797), and longer duration of ventilation (AUROC, 0.853) and of supplementary oxygen (AUROC, 0.810) were predictive of mortality.

Conclusions

Infants with exomphalos regardless of size can have chronic morbidity. Mortality is commonest in those with exomphalos major born at lower gestational age and birthweight.
Medawar's “actively acquired tolerance” and the Danger model: Setting the record straight
Authors: Al‐Yassin G.
Published: February 2018

I describe here what I believe is a misrepresentation of the classic observations of Billingham, Brent and Medawar on “actively acquired tolerance,” by Ridge, Fuchs and Matzinger; I set the record straight by revisiting the original literature and discussing the implications of this misinterpretation.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James
Published: February 2018

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAgboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyFernando Aragón-Durand, National Autonomous University of Mexico, MexicoImran Ali Sandano, Zhejiang University, ChinaJadranka Svarc, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, CroatiaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJihyoung Kim, Pyeongtaek University, South KoreaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMałgorzata Haładewicz, Opole University of Technology, PolandMiriam Parise, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalyMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaSerkan Cicek, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySharif Alghazo, University of Jordan, JordanTage Alalehto, Umeå University, SwedenTimbre Wulf-Ludden, University of Nebraska at Kearney, USAZafer İbrahimoglu, Marmara University, TurkeyZlatan Begić, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviors Scale: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Üzüm Hanifi , Karlı Ünal , Yıldız Nuh Osman
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the study was to develop a scale, which will serve to determine how attitudes and behaviors of the coaches are perceived by the athletes. The scale, named as “Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviors Scale” (PCABS) was developed through various processes including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Following the literature review process in the beginning stage, focus group interviews were conducted. As a result of literature review process and focus group interviews an item pool of 61 items was formed, and after gathering the opinions and critics of experts in the area of language and sports science, the final form of the scale was constructed. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on 200 athletes revealed a construct comprised of 25 items and 3 sub-dimensions. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on 266 athletes confirmed the structural validity of the scale composed of 24 items and 3 sub-dimensions. The first sub-dimension named "Characteristic Features ", with an internal consistency value of 0.88, consisted of items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, 20, and 23. The second sub-dimension named "Knowledge and Skills Accumulation" consisted of items 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, and 24 had an internal consistency value of 0.86. The final sub-dimension named "Being Fair" consisted of 5th and 12th items with an internal consistency value of 0.56. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, 20 and 23 were reverse coded items of the scale.As a conclusion, the analysis revealed that “Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviors Scale”, with its three sub-dimensions and 24 items, is a structurally valid and reliable scale, can be used to identify the athletes' perceptions about their coaches.
Perceptions of Science Teachers on Implementation of Seven Principles for Good Practice in Education by Chickering and Gamson in Courses
Authors: Uğraş Mustafa , Asiltürk Erol
Published: February 2018

The present study aimed to determine the perceptions of science teachers on the implementation of the seven principles for good practice in education by Chickering and Gamson in their courses. Seven principles for good science education were used as a data collection tool in the survey. “The seven principles for good practice in science education scale" for teachers was used as the data collection instrument in the study. “The seven principles for good practice in science education scale" is the adapted form of the “Seven Principles for Good Practice in Education: Faculty Inventory” developed by Chickering and Gamson into Turkish language and junior high school science courses. The scale was applied to 285 science teachers employed in Elazığ province in Turkey and interviews were conducted with 45 teachers. Analysis of the study data demonstrated that the surveyed teachers implemented each of these seven principles at different levels. Conducted interviews revealed the examples of different strategies adopted by the teachers in implementing the abovementioned seven principles.
Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars
Authors: Yu Dong In , Kwak Ho Jae , Noh Hyunwoo , Park Hyun Sun , Fezzaa Kamel , Kim Moo Hwan
Published: February 2018

The capillary-induced flow underneath nucleate bubbles is visualized on microtextured surfaces via synchrotron x-ray imaging.
Observation of symmetry-protected topological band with ultracold fermions
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Long , He Chengdong , Poon Ting Fung Jeffrey , Hajiyev Elnur , Zhang Shanchao , Liu Xiong-Jun , Jo Gyu-Boong
Published: February 2018

Topologically protected states are observed in engineered optical lattices with ultracold fermions.
Adaptive metalenses with simultaneous electrical control of focal length, astigmatism, and shift
Authors: She Alan , Zhang Shuyan , Shian Samuel , Clarke David R. , Capasso Federico
Published: February 2018

Artificial muscle corrects metalens aberrations on the fly.
Dynamics of correlation-frozen antinodal quasiparticles in superconducting cuprates
Authors: Cilento Federico , Manzoni Giulia , Sterzi Andrea , Peli Simone , Ronchi Andrea , Crepaldi Alberto , Boschini Fabio , Cacho Cephise , Chapman Richard , Springate Emma , Eisaki Hiroshi , Greven Martin , Berciu Mona , Kemper Alexander F. , Damascelli Andrea , Capone Massimo , Giannetti Claudio , Parmigiani Fulvio
Published: February 2018

A novel ultrafast photoemission technique unveils the Mottness of antinodal quasiparticles in superconducting copper oxides.
Tunable Weyl and Dirac states in the nonsymmorphic compound CeSbTe
Authors: Schoop Leslie M. , Topp Andreas , Lippmann Judith , Orlandi Fabio , Müchler Lukas , Vergniory Maia G. , Sun Yan , Rost Andreas W. , Duppel Viola , Krivenkov Maxim , Sheoran Shweta , Manuel Pascal , Varykhalov Andrei , Yan Binghai , Kremer Reinhard K. , Ast Christian R. , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: February 2018

By establishing magnetic order in a square lattice compound, we introduce the first magnetic “new fermion.”
A “cation-anion regulation” synergistic anode host for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Zhuang Houlong L. , Fan Lei , Gao Lina , Lu Yingying
Published: February 2018

A “cation-anion regulation” synergistic anode stabilizes high-energy lithium metal batteries.
Dysregulated invertebrate tropomyosin–dectin-1 interaction confers susceptibility to allergic diseases
Authors: Gour Naina , Lajoie Stephane , Smole Ursula , White Marquitta , Hu Donglei , Goddard Pagé , Huntsman Scott , Eng Celeste , Mak Angel , Oh Sam , Kim Jung-Hyun , Sharma Annu , Plante Sophie , Salem Ikhlass Haj , Resch Yvonne , Xiao Xiao , Yao Nu , Singh Anju , Vrtala Susanne , Chakir Jamila , Burchard Esteban G. , Lane Andrew P. , Wills-Karp Marsha
Published: February 2018

Invertebrate tropomyosin homologs are ligands for dectin-1.
Determinants of neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in a war-affected country: analysis of the 2010 Household Health Survey in South Sudan
Authors: Mugo Ngatho Samuel , Agho Kingsley E , Zwi Anthony B , Damundu Eliaba Yona , Dibley Michael J
Published: February 2018

Background

Under-five children born in a fragile and war-affected setting of South Sudan are faced with a high risk of death as reflecting in high under-five mortality. In South Sudan health inequities and inequitable condition of daily living play a significant role in childhood mortality. This study examines factors associated with under-five mortality in South Sudan.

Methods

The study population includes 8125 singleton, live birth, under-five children born in South Sudan within 5 years prior to the 2010 South Sudan Household Survey. Factors associated with neonatal, infant and under-five deaths were examined using generalised linear latent and mixed models with the logit link and binomial family that adjusted for cluster and survey weights.

Results

The multivariate analysis showed that mothers who reported a previous death of a child reported significantly higher risk of neonatal (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI 2.88 to 4.87), P<0.001), infant (AOR=3.19, 95% CI (2.62 to 3.88), P<0.001) and under-five deaths (AOR=3.07, 95% CI (2.58 to 3.64), P<0.001). Other associated factors included urban dwellers (AOR=1.37, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.87), P=0.045) for neonatal, (AOR=1.35, 95% CI (1.08 to 1.69), P=0.009) for infants and (AOR=1.39, 95% CI (1.13 to 1.71), P=0.002) for under-five death. Unimproved sources of drinking water were significantly associated with neonatal mortality (AOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.11 to 3.31), P=0.02).

Conclusions

This study suggested that the condition and circumstances in which the child is born into, and lives with, play a role in under-five mortality, such as higher mortality among children born to teenage mothers. Ensuring equitable healthcare service delivery to all disadvantaged populations of children in both urban and rural areas is essential but remains a challenge, while violence continues in South Sudan.
What resources are used in emergency departments in rural sub-Saharan Africa? A retrospective analysis of patient care in a district-level hospital in Uganda
Authors: Bitter Cindy Carol , Rice Brian , Periyanayagam Usha , Dreifuss Bradley , Hammerstedt Heather , Nelson Sara W , Bisanzo Mark , Maling Samuel , Chamberlain Stacey
Published: February 2018

Objectives

To determine the most commonly used resources (provider procedural skills, medications, laboratory studies and imaging) needed to care for patients.

Setting

A single emergency department (ED) of a district-level hospital in rural Uganda.

Participants

26 710 patient visits.

Results

Procedures were performed for 65.6% of patients, predominantly intravenous cannulation, wound care, bladder catheterisation and orthopaedic procedures. Medications were administered to 87.6% of patients, most often pain medications, antibiotics, intravenous fluids, antimalarials, nutritional supplements and vaccinations. Laboratory testing was used for 85% of patients, predominantly malaria smears, rapid glucose testing, HIV assays, blood counts, urinalyses and blood type. Radiology testing was performed for 17.3% of patients, including X-rays, point-of-care ultrasound and formal ultrasound.

Conclusion

This study describes the skills and resources needed to care for a large prospective cohort of patients seen in a district hospital ED in rural sub-Saharan Africa. It demonstrates that the vast majority of patients were treated with a small formulary of critical medications and limited access to laboratories and imaging, but providers require a broad set of decision-making and procedural skills.
New insights into SERCA2a gene therapy in heart failure: pay attention to the negative effects of B-type natriuretic peptides
Authors: Zhai Yuting , Luo Yuanyuan , Wu Pei , Li Dongye
Published: February 2018

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) is a target of interest in gene therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the results of an important clinical study, the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID) trial, were controversial. Promising results were observed in the CUPID 1 trial, but the results of the CUPID 2 trial were negative. The factors that caused the controversial results remain unclear. Importantly, enrolled patients were required to have a higher plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the CUPID 2 trial. Moreover, BNP was shown to inhibit SERCA2a expression. Therefore, it is possible that high BNP levels interact with treatment effects of SERCA2a gene transfer and accordingly lead to negative results of CUPID 2 trial. From this point of view, effects of SERCA2a gene therapy should be explored in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which is characterised by lower BNP levels compared with HFrEF. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of SERCA2a gene therapy for heart failure, analyse potential interaction between BNP levels and therapeutic effects of SERCA2a gene transfer and provide directions for future research to solve the identified problems.
Evaluation of metrics for benchmarking antimicrobial use in the UK dairy industry
Authors: Mills Harriet L , Turner Andrea , Morgans Lisa , Massey Jonathan , Schubert Hannah , Rees Gwen , Barrett David , Dowsey Andrew , Reyher Kristen K
Published: February 2018

The issue of antimicrobial resistance is of global concern across human and animal health. In 2016, the UK government committed to new targets for reducing antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock. Although a number of metrics for quantifying AMU are defined in the literature, all give slightly different interpretations. This paper evaluates a selection of metrics for AMU in the dairy industry: total mg, total mg/kg, daily dose and daily course metrics. Although the focus is on their application to the dairy industry, the metrics and issues discussed are relevant across livestock sectors. In order to be used widely, a metric should be understandable and relevant to the veterinarians and farmers who are prescribing and using antimicrobials. This means that clear methods, assumptions (and possible biases), standardised values and exceptions should be published for all metrics. Particularly relevant are assumptions around the number and weight of cattle at risk of treatment and definitions of dose rates and course lengths; incorrect assumptions can mean metrics over‐represent or under‐represent AMU. The authors recommend that the UK dairy industry work towards the UK‐specific metrics using the UK‐specific medicine dose and course regimens as well as cattle weights in order to monitor trends nationally.
First record of Triops strenuus Wolf, 1911 (Branchiopoda, Notostraca), a tadpole shrimp of Australian origin, from Japan
Authors: Naganawa Hidetoshi
Published: February 2018

Three species of tadpole shrimp, i.e.,Triops granarius(Lucas, 1864),Triops longicaudatus(LeConte, 1846) andTriops cancriformis(Bosc, 1801-1802), have been known from Japan. In this paper the author describes a fourthTriopsspecies (= Triops strenuusWolf, 1911) living in the rice paddies of a southern area of Honshu, the largest of the four main islands of Japan. This species was probably endemic to the Australian continent, and no habitat distribution outside Australia has been reported so far. The impact on the existing ecosystem of Japan is quite unknown, and therefore, it is necessary to announce this intrusion into Japan in order to clarify the invasion route, habitat ecology, and the future measures against this new alien species. This invasion is considered to be caused by the resting eggs brought together with silica sand (imported from Western Australia into Japan for the large-scale beach improvement). The results presented here also describe the phylogenetic relationship with all the Australian species described so far, but also all the knownTriopsspecies of the world, based on the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA.
Presence of Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana, 1851 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae) in stomach contents of Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier, 1830) (Pisces) in Puerto Cisnes (44°S, Aysen region, Chile)
Authors: Figueroa Muñoz Guillermo , De los Ríos Patricio
Published: February 2018

According to the literature, the occurrence of the decapodCyrtograpsus angulatusDana, 1851 (Brachyura, Varunidae), has been reported for the Atlantic Patagonian coast north of 53°S, and along the Pacific coast north of 37°S. The species inhabits muddy bottoms, mainly in estuaries and protected bays. The aim of the present study was to describe the presence ofC. angulatusin stomach contents of littoral fishes, i.e., of the speciesEleginops maclovinus(Cuvier, 1830) collected in the bay of Puerto Cisnes (44°S, Chile) in the summer of 2017. The results revealed thatC. angulatuscan be the main or even practically the exclusive prey forE. maclovinus, and can be directly related with individual weight fish. The presence ofC. angulatusas a practically exclusive component in the stomach contents of the fish, would indicate thatE. maclovinusis an opportunistic predator, and it would apparently predate only onC. angulatus, considering the dominance of the crab in the ecosystem studied.
The effect of acute ammonia exposure on selected immunological parameters of Daphnia similoides (Cladocera)
Authors: Huang Youhui , Liang Ye , Li Yiming , Cai Mingqi , Jiang Qichen , Li Daming , Wang Xianyun , Zhao Yunlong
Published: February 2018

Cladocerans have been widely used as bioassay organisms to evaluate the impact of toxic substances. In this study, the activities of selected immunological enzymes and MDA level were investigated to characterizeDaphnia similoides’ immune response to ammonia stress. The activity of ACP and CAT showed no significant change during the test. The activity of AKP was significantly increased in the 0.19 and 0.38 mg/l NH3-N exposure groups after 6 h. After 24 h, a significant depression occurred in the high concentrations. After 24 h, significant decreases in SOD activity were observed at the concentrations of 0.38, 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l NH3-N. After 24 h, a significant change in MDA was also observed in 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l. These results suggest that changes in whole-body immune parameters ofDaphnia similoidesare effective to predict sub-lethal ammonia toxicity and useful as an early warning tool in monitoring studies of natural environments.
The shell-acquisition behaviour of the bivalve-using hermit crab Porcellanopagurus nihonkaiensis Takeda, 1985 (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea)
Authors: Yoshikawa Akihiro , Tomatsuri Morihiko , Asakura Akira
Published: February 2018

Almost all species of hermit crabs inhabit dead gastropod shells; however, species of some genera have evolved to inhabit bivalve or patelliform shells. It has been assumed that these species carry their shells using uropodal rasps and the hooked dactyls of their fourth pereopods, although no detailed description of the shell acquisition behaviour of those species has previously been documented. We have therefore observed the shell acquisition behaviour of Porcellanopagurus nihonkaiensis Takeda, 1985, which was collected by dredge at Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Our observation suggests that the shell is fixed in place by only the uropodal rasps in combination with hydrostatic pressure in the telson.
In situ monitoring and analysis of void evolution in unidirectional prepreg
Authors: Hu Wei , Grunenfelder Lessa K , Centea Timotei , Nutt Steven
Published: February 2018

In the layup of prepreg laminates, air is inevitably entrapped between adjacent prepreg plies, yet the removal of this inter-ply air under vacuum bag cure conditions is not well understood. In this study, an in situ visualization technique was developed to dynamically observe inter-ply air removal during the cure of an out-of-autoclave prepreg. The technique was used to investigate mechanisms of air removal and void evolution in unidirectional prepreg. Prepreg impregnation was also tracked by inspection of laminate cross-sections prepared at different times during the cure cycle. From these data, a three-stage air removal mechanism was documented based on the relationships between void content, resin properties, and tow impregnation as functions of time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the rate of evacuation and bubble elongation. Though discussed here in the specific context of voids in unidirectional laminates, the in situ observation technique developed for this work has broad potential to enhance understanding of processing phenomena associated with out-of-autoclave prepregs.
Comparing the Central Eight Risk Factors: Do They Differ Across Age Groups of Sex Offenders?
Authors: Wilpert Julia , van Horn Joan E. , Boonmann Cyril
Published: February 2018

Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most effective in reducing recidivism when based on dynamic risk factors. As studies have found differences of these factors across age, exploring this seems beneficial. The current study investigates the Central Eight (C8) risk factors across six age groups of outpatient sex offenders ( N = 650). Results showed that recidivism rates and age were inversely related from 19 years and up. Half of the C8 did not predict general recidivism at all, substance abuse, antisocial cognition, antisocial associates, and history of antisocial behavior in only one or several age groups. However, factors differed between age groups, with the youngest group demonstrating the most dysfunction in several areas and the oldest group the least. It is concluded that the C8 risk factors seem to lose significance in the older age groups. Results may benefit targeting treatment goals.
The Problem of “Cameo Appearances” in Mixed-methods Research: Implications for Twenty-first-century Ethnography
Authors: Hancock Black Hawk , Sykes Bryan L. , Verma Anjuli
Published: February 2018

Amid ongoing controversies in ethnography concerning representation, reproducibility, and generalizability, social scientific scholarship has increasingly taken a mixed-methods turn. While studies that blend qualitative and quantitative data promise to enhance the validity of representations of social worlds under analysis, they cannot escape contending with foundational dilemmas of scientific translation, integration, and commensurability across methodological paradigms. Recent debates have ignited a new line of inquiry about the integration of multiple methods in ethnography. In this paper, we argue that “cameo appearances”—the summoning of either qualitative or quantitative analyses in separate, purely mono-method studies—amounts to a form of methodological tokenism under the guise of methodological pluralism. We articulate sampling design, enhanced training, and curriculum development as crucial for arbitrating these debates as mixed-methods research emerges as a distinct innovation in twenty-first-century ethnography.
Validation of the English Language Version of the Violent Ideations Scale
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray Aja Louise , Murray George Charles , Maguire Amy , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis
Published: February 2018

This study used a within-participant design to evaluate the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of the Violent Ideations Scale in a general population, English-speaking opportunistic sample. Data from 116 adult participants ( M age = 33.7, SD = 11.9, male = 30 [25.9%]) were used to compare scores on the Violent Ideations Scale and Aggression Questionnaire and responses to the Schedule of Imagined Violence. A subgroup of 27 participants ( M age = 37.2, SD = 13.6, male = 8 [29.6%]) completed the Violent Ideations Scale on a second occasion, 2 weeks later. The Violent Ideations Scale was found to correlate significantly with the Aggression Questionnaire subscale and total scores, with the strongest correlations being with physical aggression and total scores. Participants were more likely to be categorized as having experienced a violent ideation based on responses to the Violent Ideation Scale, compared with the Schedule of Imagined Violence, most likely due to the Schedule of Imagined Violence underestimating the prevalence of violent ideation. A significant, strong correlation was found between total Violent Ideations Scale scores at Time 1 and Time 2. Overall, the Violent Ideations Scale was found to have concurrent validity when compared with the Aggression Questionnaire and good test–retest reliability, suggesting that it would be suitable for use with a nonclinical, English-speaking sample.
Effect of Victimization and Perceived Support on Maintenance of Dating Relationships Among College Students in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: López-Cepero Borrego Javier , Estrada-Pineda Cristina , Chan-Gamboa E. Claudia , Fuente-Barrera Asur
Published: February 2018

This study analyzes the influence of the victimization suffered (sexual, physical, coercion, humiliation, and emotional punishment) and the support network available (as Independent Variables (IIVV)) on the trajectory of young couples (feeling trapped in a relationship, Dependent Variable (DV)). A total of 990 Mexican university students (M = 19.5, SD = 1.82 years) of both sexes (66% women) participated in the study. Family and friends were perceived as providing the greatest support (in over 85% of respondents), while the resources provided by the university (teachers, central resources) were regarded as unhelpful by 40%. A linear regression analysis showed that the feeling of being trapped in the relationship was influenced by all the IIVV (* p < .05), although perceived support proved to be a poor predictor ( beta = –.053). A path analysis reflected a negative effect of coercion (regression weight = –.533) and physical violence (–.926) on perceived support, with all forms of victimization being precursors for feeling trapped in a relationship. These results show the negative effect of victimization on expectations of support in young people, which may make it difficult to begin the process of seeking help. They also highlight the need to increase the visibility of resources available in educational settings to provide an early response to intimate partner violence.
A Latent Class Analysis of Early Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence: Associations With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Garthe Rachel C. , Sullivan Terri N. , Behrhorst Kathryn L.
Published: February 2018

Violence within peer and dating contexts is prevalent among early adolescents. Youth may be victims and/or aggressors and be involved in violence across multiple contexts, resulting in negative outcomes. This study identified patterns of perpetration and victimization for peer and dating violence, using a latent class analysis (LCA), and examined how different patterns of engaging in or experiencing violence among early adolescents were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants included a sample of 508 racially and ethnically diverse youth (51% male) who had dated in the past 3 months. Youth were in the seventh grade within 37 schools and were primarily from economically disadvantaged communities across four sites in the United States. LCA identified three classes: (a) a low involvement in violence class, (b) a peer aggression and peer victimization class, and (c) a peer and dating violence class. Youth involved with multiple forms of violence displayed significantly higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms than those with low involvement in violence. Study findings revealed the importance of understanding how peer and dating violence co-occur, and how different patterns of aggression and victimization were related to internalizing symptoms. Prevention efforts should address the intersection of victimization and perpetration in peer and dating contexts in potentially reducing internalizing symptoms among early adolescents.
Mediating the Maltreatment–Delinquency Relationship: The Role of Triad Gang Membership
Authors: Chui Wing Hong , Khiatani Paul Vinod
Published: February 2018

The primary aim of this article is to examine the role of triad affiliation in mediating the relationship between child maltreatment (neglect, punishment, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse) and delinquency among active young gang members in Hong Kong. A sample of 177 gang members aged 12 to 24 was recruited to complete a questionnaire with the assistance of a youth outreach social work team. Neglect was identified as the most common form of maltreatment, followed by emotional abuse, punishment, and sexual abuse. Mediation analyses confirmed that triad affiliation acts as a mediating variable in the child maltreatment–delinquency relationship, except in cases of sexual abuse. Only the relationship between punishment and delinquency was found to be fully mediated by triad affiliation; partial mediation effects were found for neglect and emotional abuse. Recommendations for child protection and youth workers are provided.
Impact of magnetic dipole on a thermally stratified ferrofluid past a stretchable surface
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Nadeem Sohail , Mustafa MT
Published: February 2018

This article focuses on the characteristics of a magnetic dipole in a viscous ferrofluid induced by linear stretched surface. The analysis is disclosed by thermally stratified phenomenon and stagnation point. It is also noticed that the impact of magneto-thermomechanical coupling is inspected numerically via BVPh2–midpoint method. It is perceived that thermal stratification has significant characteristics in controlling the rate of heat transfer inside the boundary layer. It is also noticed that the impact of magneto-thermomechanical interaction decelerates the motion of the fluid as compared to hydrodynamic case, thereby enhancing the skin friction and decreasing the heat transfer rate at surface. It is depicted that the ferrohydrodynamic parameter results in the reduction of axial velocity thereby enhances the temperature profile.
Using Positive Organizational Scholarship in Healthcare and Video Reflexive Ethnography to Examine Positive Deviance to New Public Management in Healthcare
Authors: Dadich Ann , Collier Aileen , Hodgins Michael , Crawford Gregory
Published: February 2018

Following increased interest in and use of new public management (NPM), greater regulation has been introduced into many Western health systems. Yet, the effects have revealed the negative aspects of NPM. Positive organizational scholars have argued that adversity can give rise to positive deviance. Yet as a form of noncompliance, positive deviance can be difficult to examine. This methodological article demonstrates how the combined methodologies of positive organizational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) and video reflexive ethnography (VRE) can help examine positive deviance. This study illustrates the methodological utility of POSH VRE to respectfully study the impact of NPM-inspired expectations on public health clinicians, positively reframe how clinicians constructively respond to and manage obstruction, and reveal the unintended effects of NPM-inspired expectations. As a participatory methodology, POSH VRE can promote trust between researchers and clinicians, thereby unveiling instances of positive deviance to NPM in healthcare.
Continuum model of microstructure induced softening for strain gradient materials
Authors: Cuomo Massimo
Published: February 2018

Gradient plasticity has been introduced to predict localization bands induced by softening or damage, and has been extended to micromorphic models used for materials with microstructure and scale effects. Motivated by the consideration that in complex materials there may exist different mechanisms for the evolution of anelastic deformation at the small and at the large scale, and that they may interact, in the paper a model of second gradient material with two different evolution laws for the macroscopic and for the microscopic plastic strain is proposed, the latter related to the presence of second gradient deformation. The model is intended to be used for metamaterials, and its relevant properties can be obtained from an homogenization analysis at the microlevel.
Predictors of Long-Term Adherence to Multiple Health Behavior Recommendations for Weight Management
Authors: Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Appel Lawrence J. , Bray Bethany , Brooks Neon , Stevens Victor J.
Published: February 2018

Background. We have demonstrated previously that patterns of behavioral adherence in the first 6 months of behavioral lifestyle interventions were associated with significant weight loss at 18 months. In this article, we extend this work to examine patterns of behavioral adherence over 18 months and to explore baseline demographic and psychosocial predictors. Method. Latent class analysis was applied separately to the Weight Loss Maintenance and PREMIER trials data to examine patterns of adherence to the following recommendations: (1) consuming ≥9 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, (2) ≤25% of energy from total fat, (3) ≤7% energy from saturated fat, and (4) ≥180 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test demographic and psychosocial predictors of latent class membership. Results. Four distinct subgroups with common patterns of behavioral adherence were identified in each trial including, Behavioral Maintainers, who maintained adherence to all behavioral recommendations for 1 year, Nonresponders, who did not adhere to the recommendations at any time point, and latent classes that reflected patterns of adherence to one or two behaviors or behavioral relapse. A significantly higher proportion of Behavioral Maintainers sustained ≥5% weight loss for 1 year compared with Nonresponders. Participants with higher vitality scores at baseline were more likely to belong to a latent class with long-term adherence to one or more recommendations than the Nonresponders class. Conclusions. Regular assessment of health behaviors and psychosocial measures such as vitality may help identify nonresponders and inform treatment tailoring to improve long-term behavioral and weight outcomes.
Calciphylaxis in a Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Morand Meggie , Chababi-Atallah Myrna , Jean Sara-Élizabeth , Fernandes Carolina
Published: February 2018

Background:

Calciphylaxis is a well-known entity in end-stage kidney disease and after renal transplant. Cases of nonuremic calciphylaxis (NUC) have also been reported, but data on this rare condition are mainly empirical.

Objective:

We discuss a case of NUC secondary to spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in a patient who had chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and present a review of the literature to better characterize malignancy-associated NUC.

Methods:

We identified 12 published cases of malignancy-associated NUC.

Results:

This systematic review of malignancy-associated NUC did not show a relationship between the type of malignancy, the distribution of skin lesions, or mortality. However, distal more than proximal involvement seems to be more frequently associated with calcium phosphate imbalance.

Conclusion:

Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for calciphylaxis when evaluating patients with cutaneous lesions developed in the setting of malignancy.
Axial fan tip clearance noise: Experiments, Lattice–Boltzmann simulation, and mitigation measures
Authors: Zhu Tao , Carolus Thomas H
Published: February 2018

The effect of tip clearance in an axial fan on its aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance is investigated experimentally as well as via a Lattice–Boltzmann flow simulation method. An increase in tip clearance degrades fan pressure rise and efficiency, but also increases significantly the overall sound power emitted by the fan. A large tip clearance causes a clear structure of well distinguishable unsteady vortices which interact with neighboring blades and hence produce an increase in broadband sound. Moreover, if, compared to the design flow rate, there is a moderate flow rate reduction, the local tip vortex systems of all individual blade tips form a circumferentially coherent flow structure, resulting in distinct humps of sound pressure in the acoustic far field. By means of a rigid ring-type protrusion fixed to the inner casing wall, the generation of the tip clearance vortices and slowly rotating coherent flow structures could be suppressed. As a consequence, the sound emitted by the fan is substantially reduced.