bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regular cannabis use alters the neural dynamics serving complex motor control
Authors: Ward Thomas W. , Springer Seth D. , Schantell Mikki , John Jason A. , Horne Lucy K. , Coutant Anna T. , Okelberry Hannah J. , Willett Madelyn P. , Johnson Hallie J. , Killanin Abraham D. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W.
Published: November 2023

Cannabis is the most widely used recreational drug in the United States and regular use has been linked to deficits in attention and memory. However, the effects of regular use on motor control are less understood, with some studies showing deficits and others indicating normal performance. Eighteen users and 23 nonusers performed a motor sequencing task during high‐density magnetoencephalography (MEG). The MEG data was transformed into the time‐frequency domain and beta responses (16–24 Hz) during motor planning and execution phases were imaged separately using a beamformer approach. Whole‐brain maps were examined for group (cannabis user/nonuser) and time window (planning/execution) effects. As expected, there were no group differences in task performance (e.g., reaction time, accuracy, etc.). Regular cannabis users exhibited stronger beta oscillations in the contralateral primary motor cortex compared to nonusers during the execution phase of the motor sequences, but not during the motor planning phase. Similar group‐by‐time window interactions were observed in the left superior parietal, right inferior frontal cortices, right posterior insular cortex, and the bilateral motor cortex. We observed differences in the neural dynamics serving motor control in regular cannabis users compared to nonusers, suggesting regular users may employ compensatory processing in both primary motor and higher‐order motor cortices to maintain adequate task performance. Future studies will need to examine more complex motor control tasks to ascertain whether this putative compensatory activity eventually becomes exhausted and behavioral differences emerge.
Factors affecting transfer of online training: A systematic literature review and proposed taxonomy
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , Dash Sanket , Kumar Ashwani
Published: November 2023

Training employees in new competencies is crucial for ensuring organizational sustainability and success. Consequently, organizations allocate significant resources to training initiatives. As training constitutes a substantial investment, it becomes imperative to identify and categorize factors that enhance the transferability of training. This necessity becomes particularly pronounced in the context of online training, which is being increasingly adopted by organizations for various reasons, including cost efficiency and flexibility. While the adoption of online training is on the rise, research on factors that enhance the effectiveness of such training remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by introducing a taxonomy of factors that influence the transfer of online training. These factors are categorized into four broad themes: computer (digital) literacy and attitudes, learner characteristics, training design and planning, and the learning environment along with organizational factors. Additionally, the study maps these factors to the intended outcomes of training (knowledge, skills, and attitude) and the participants engaged in the training sessions, providing a comprehensive overview of ongoing research and identifying areas for future investigation. Drawing insights from an evaluation of existing literature, the research not only points toward potential research directions but also offers practical implications for designing more effective online training sessions.
Are dominant figures more trustworthy? Examining the relation between parental authoritarianism and children's trust preferences in the United States and China
Authors: Ma Shaocong , Cui Yixin K. , Suárez Sarah , Chen Eva E. , Corriveau Kathleen H.
Published: November 2023

Deciding whose words to trust profoundly impacts children's knowledge acquisition. In evaluating informants' trustworthiness, children are attentive to their social dominance. Previous studies have shown that children's trust preferences may differ across cultures based on the dominance of the informant: children in Western cultures prefer to trust in testimony from dominant informants, whereas children in Eastern cultures prefer to trust subordinate informants (Bernard et al., 2016; Charafeddine et al., 2019). We aim to investigate the potential cultural difference in the trust preferences of European American children (in the United States) and Chinese children (in China) from informants of varying levels of dominance, using a more refined method to assess children's trust preferences. We propose that different levels of authoritarianism – advocacies to obey authorities – in Western and Eastern cultures may explain the potential difference in children's selective trust. Specifically, as impacted by societal cultures, Chinese parents may possess a higher level of authoritarianism than European American parents and may place a higher emphasis on obedience in their parenting. Consequently, Chinese children may show stronger trust preferences from subordinate informants over dominant informants than European American children. Our research will offer insights into the potential mechanism underlying children's different learning preferences across cultures.
Analysis and evaluation of groundwater pollution in Shouguang, China
Authors: Liu Tianhao , Fu Song , Shi Longqing , Li Qingmei , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

Groundwater is an essential nonrenewable resource for agricultural activities. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from the Shouguang area, and the level of groundwater contamination was investigated by measuring the NO3−, SO42−, F−, Cl−, Ca2+, Mg2+, total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Exploratory data analysis was employed initially to study the hydrochemical characteristics and the sources of pollutants. Finally, the groundwater quality was measured using principal component analysis, entropy weight and complex correlation coefficient methods. As a common observation, the groundwater in the Shouguang area is slightly alkaline, so Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3− acted as predominant pollutants. These contaminants originated from the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and large‐scale sewage irrigation. Second, perennial overexploitation of groundwater in Shouguang led to the generation of funnels and led to seawater intrusion. As a result, Cl− and TDS in the water samples collected from the north Shouguang area exceeded the regulatory guideline value, which indicates the risk of land salinization. However, the measured concentrations of SO42−, F− and COD were within the normal range. This confirms the minimal contribution of industries to groundwater pollution. East of the Ni River the groundwater is severely polluted, and the detected concentrations of pollutants are far beyond the standard limit and pose a potential risk to human health. Therefore, protection and treatment are urgently needed.
Increased stability due to symmetric cement volume in augmented pedicle screws? A biomechanical study
Authors: Weber Maximilian , Lenz Maximilian , Egenolf Philipp , Prescher Andreas , Walter Sebastian , Heck Vincent J. , Eysel Peer , Scheyerer Max Joseph
Published: November 2023

Pedicle screw instrumentation has become “state of the art” in surgical treatment of many spinal disorders. Loosening of pedicle screws due to poor bone mineral density is a frequent complication in osteoporotic patients. As prevalence of osteoporosis and spinal disorders are increasing with an aging demographic, optimizing the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw constructions and therefore outcome after spinal surgery in osteoporotic patients is a key factor in future surgical therapy. Therefore, this biomechanical study investigated the stability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)‐augmented pedicle screw‐rod constructions under a deviating distribution of PMMA applied to the instrumentation in osteoporotic human cadaveric vertebrae. We showed that PMMA‐augmented pedicle screw‐rod constructions tend to be more stable than those with non‐augmented pedicle screws. Further, there appears to be a larger risk of screw loosening in unilateral augmented pedicle screws than in non‐augmented, therefore a highly asymmetrically distributed PMMA should be avoided.
Extracellular vesicles from bodily fluids for the accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders: A systematic review and diagnostic meta‐analysis
Authors: Taha Hash Brown , Bogoniewski Aleksander
Published: November 2023

Parkinsonian disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are often misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms and the absence of precise biomarkers. Furthermore, there are no current methods to ascertain the progression and conversion of prodromal conditions such as REM behaviour disorder (RBD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing a mixture of biomolecules, have emerged as potential sources for parkinsonian diagnostics. However, inconsistencies in previous studies have left their diagnostic potential unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, to assess the diagnostic accuracy of general EVs isolated from various bodily fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, serum, urine or saliva, in differentiating patients with parkinsonian disorders from healthy controls (HCs). The meta‐analysis included 21 studies encompassing 1285 patients with PD, 24 with MSA, 105 with DLB, 99 with PSP, 101 with RBD and 783 HCs. Further analyses were conducted only for patients with PD versus HCs, given the limited number for other comparisons. Using bivariate and hierarchal receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) models, the meta‐analysis revealed moderate diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing patients with PD from HCs, with substantial heterogeneity and publication bias. The trim‐and‐fill method revealed at least two missing studies with null or low diagnostic accuracy. CSF‐EVs showed better overall diagnostic accuracy, while plasma‐EVs had the lowest performance. General EVs demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy compared to CNS‐originating EVs, which are more time‐consuming, labour‐ and cost‐intensive to isolate. In conclusion, while holding promise, utilizing biomarkers in general EVs for PD diagnosis remains unfeasible due to existing challenges. The focus should shift toward harmonizing the field through standardization, collaboration, and rigorous validation. Current efforts by the International Society For Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) aim to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of EV‐related research through rigor and standardization, aiming to bridge the gap between theory and practical clinical application.
Cost and cost‐effectiveness of immunotherapy in childhood ALL: A systematic review
Authors: Scoleri‐Longo Yolanda , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Gupta Sumit
Published: November 2023

Survival rates for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL) have improved dramatically; relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains challenging. Immunotherapies are rapidly evolving treatments for r/r ALL with limited cost‐effectiveness data. This study identifies existing economic evaluations of immunotherapy in pALL and summarizes cost‐effectiveness. Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched from inception to October 2022. Cost‐effectiveness analyses evaluating immunotherapy in pALL were included. Costs reported in 2021 USD. Of 2960 studies, 11 met inclusion criteria. Tisagenlecleucel was compared to standard of care, clofarabine monotherapy, clofarabine combination therapy, or blinatumomab. No studies have evaluated blinatumomab or inotuzumab ozogamicin. Six studies found tisagenlecleucel to be cost‐effective, five of which were supported by Novartis. Four found that it had the potential to be cost‐effective, and one found that it was not cost‐effective. The cost‐effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel was highly dependent on list price and cure rates. This study can inform the use of tisagenlecleucel in pALL.
Appraisal methods and outcomes of AMSTAR 2 assessments in overviews of systematic reviews of interventions in the cardiovascular field: A methodological study
Authors: Karakasis Paschalis , Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Pamporis Konstantinos , Fragakis Nikolaos , Haidich Anna‐Bettina
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the methods and outcomes of The Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 appraisals in overviews of reviews (overviews) of interventions in the cardiovascular field and identify factors that are associated with these outcomes. MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until November 2022. Eligible were overviews of cardiovascular interventions, analyzing systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Extracted data included characteristics of overviews and SRs and AMSTAR 2 appraisal methods and outcomes. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to explore potential associations between the characteristics of SRs and extracted AMSTAR 2 overall ratings (“High‐Moderate” vs. “Low‐Critically low”). The original results on individual AMSTAR 2 items were entered into the official AMSTAR 2 online tool and the recalculated overall confidence ratings were compared to those provided in overviews. All 34 overviews identified were published between 2019 and 2022. Rating of overall confidence following the algorithm suggested by AMSTAR 2 developers was noted in 74% of overviews. The 679 unique included SRs were mainly of “Critically low” (53%) or “Low” (18.7%) confidence and underperformed in items 2 (Protocol, no = 65.2%) and 7 (List of excluded studies, no = 84%). The following characteristics of SRs were significantly associated with higher overall ratings: Cochrane origin, pharmacological interventions, including exclusively RCTs, citation of methodological and reporting guidelines, protocol, absence of funding and publication after AMSTAR 2 release. Generally, overviews' authors tended to deviate from the original rating scheme and ascribe higher ratings to SRs compared to the official AMSTAR 2 online tool. Most SRs included in overviews of cardiovascular interventions have critically low or low confidence in their results. Overviews' authors should be more transparent about the methods used to derive the overall confidence in SRs.
Recalled protective childhood experiences are associated with positive emotional expression in active‐duty firefighters
Authors: Baugher Brittany J. , Delahanty Douglas L. , Coifman Karin G.
Published: November 2023

There is a wealth of research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with negative outcomes later in life, but less research has focused on the effects of protective childhood experiences (PCEs). PCEs have been shown broadly to promote resilience, but the precise nature of this association is not clear, particularly in studies of at‐risk adults. The current investigation explored the association between recollection of early life experiences and in vivo emotional responses in at‐risk adults. In 2018, 56 active‐duty firefighters reported childhood experiences via a questionnaire. Using a semistructured interview, firefighters then responded to questions about recent emotionally evocative experiences (positive and negative) as a firefighter. Emotion was measured in vivo via sympathetic arousal and recorded facial expressions of emotion. Individuals who reported more PCEs expressed significantly more facial expressions of positive emotion across contexts, sr2 = .11–.14. Early childhood experiences were not significantly associated with negative facial expressions or changes in sympathetic reactivity, but ACEs were associated with tonic levels of arousal in a negative context, r = ‐.36. Given the adaptive role of positive emotions in adjustment to adverse events, the current investigation suggests a potential protective association between PCEs and the expression of emotion even within a high‐risk context, which could help explain the resilience promoting role of PCEs.
Exploiting Visible‐Light Induced Radical to Cation Transformation Pathway for Reactivity Enhanced Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Polymerization of Heteroaromatics
Authors: Gencosman Emirhan , Kiliclar Huseyin Cem , Fiedor Pawel , Yilmaz Gorkem , Ortyl Joanna , Yagci Yusuf , Kiskan Baris
Published: November 2023

A straightforward approach is employed to synthesize methylene‐bridged poly(hetero aromatic)s based on furan, pyrrole, thiophene, and thiophene derivatives. The process involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction facilitated by a visible light‐initiated system consisting of manganese decacarbonyl and an iodonium salt. The approach mainly relies on the formation of halomethylium cation, the attack of this cation to heteroaromatic, regeneration of methylium cation on the heteroaromatic, and reactivity differences between halomethylium and heteroaromatic methylium cations for successful polymerizations. This innovative synthetic strategy lead to the formation of polymers with relatively high molecular weights as the stoichiometric imbalance between the comonomers increased. Accordingly, these newly obtained polymers exhibit remarkable fluorescence properties, even at excitation wavelengths as low as 330 nm. Moreover, by harnessing the halogens at chain ends of homopolymers, block copolymers are successfully synthesized, offering opportunities for tailored applications in diverse fields.
The way to induce asset‐backed securities participation in eco‐compensation
Authors: Zhang Gong , Bi Shulei
Published: November 2023

By establishing an ecology compensation asset securitization project, market mechanisms can be used to regulate the interests of stakeholders in ecological conservation. Previous studies have shown that combining asset securitization with environmental protection can effectively promote the sustainable development of both economy and environment. However, there is still a lack of research on the stable mechanisms and impact of integrating ecology compensation and asset securitization. In this study, we propose a comprehensive operating model for ecology compensation asset securitization and a specific valuation framework supported by a multi‐period, multi‐state Markov model for ecology compensation asset securitization. If the project's net present value is positive, it can effectively reduce the risks of ecology compensation projects and increase the return rate of ecology compensation asset securitization projects. By employing the case study of ZhongHang ShouGang Green Energy (SZ:180801) and implementing the asset pool valuation using the multi‐state Markov model, the deviation error is 0.89%, validating the effectiveness of the model. Additionally, sensitivity analysis from simulation results indicates that changes in interest rates and default probabilities are the main factors influencing the valuation of the asset pool. After summarizing the research conclusions, relevant policy recommendations and future prospects are presented. This research aims to provide reference for the development and application of ecology compensation asset securitization.
Reduced Gastric Contraction in Rapid‐Eye‐Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and De Novo Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Oertel Wolfgang H. , Paule Esther , Hasemann Theresa , Sittig Elisabeth , Belke Marcus , Unger Marcus M. , Mayer Geert , Werner Rita , Jansen Andreas , Pape Heidi , Höglinger Günter U. , Vadasz Dávid , Müller Hans‐Helge , Knake Susanne , Janzen Annette
Published: November 2023

Background

Reduced gastric motility in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported, but hardly any study exists in subjects with isolated rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), a specific prodrome of α‐synucleinopathies.

Objectives

We compared the gastric motility of 17 iRBD subjects with that of 18 PD subjects (15 drug naive, 3 early treated in defined off) and 15 healthy controls (HC) with real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI).

Methods

After overnight fasting, participants consumed a standardized breakfast and underwent a 3‐T rtMRI of the stomach. Amplitude and velocity of the peristaltic waves were analyzed under blinded conditions. Gastric motility index (GMI) was calculated. The procedure was repeated in 12 of 17 iRBD subjects ~2.5 years later. Nine of these 12 iRBD subjects were hyposmic.

Results

In iRBD and PD subjects the amplitude of the peristaltic waves was significantly reduced compared with HCs (iRBD vs. HC: 8.7 ± 3.7 vs. 11.9 ± 4.1 mm, P = 0.0097; PD vs. HC: 6.8 ± 2.2 vs. 11.9 ± 4.1 mm, P = 0.0001). The amplitude in iRBD and PD subjects was decreased to the same extent. The GMI was reduced in only PD subjects (PD vs. HC: P = 0.0027; PD vs. iRBD: P = 0.0203). After ~2.5 years the amplitude in iRBD subjects did not significantly decrease further.

Conclusion

The amplitude of the peristaltic waves was markedly reduced in iRBD, a prodrome of α‐synucleinopathies. This reduction was similar to the extent observed already in manifest early PD. This finding implies that the α‐synuclein pathology affects the innervation of the stomach already in the prodromal stage. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Fluorinated borono‐phenylalanine for optimizing BNCT: Enhancing boron absorption against hydrogen scattering for thermal neutrons
Authors: Romanelli Giovanni , Capuani Silvia , Onorati Dalila , Ulpiani Pierfrancesco , Preziosi Enrico , Andreani Carla , Senesi Roberto
Published: November 2023

Background

Boron‐containing compounds, such as 4‐borono‐phenylalanine (BPA) are used as drugs for cancer treatment in the framework of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Neutron irradiation of boron‐rich compounds delivered to cancer cells triggers nuclear reactions that destroy cancer cells.

Purpose

We provide a modeling of the thermal neutron cross section of BPA, a drug used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), to quantify the competing contributions of boron absorption against hydrogen scattering, for optimizing BNCT by minimizing the latter.

Methods

We perform the experimental determination of the total neutron scattering cross section of BPA at thermal and epithermal neutron energies using neutron transmission measurements. We isolate the contribution related to the incoherent scattering by hydrogen atoms as a function of the neutron energy by means of the Average Functional Group Approximation, and we calculate the probability for a neutron of being absorbed as a function of the neutron energy both for BPA and for its variants where either one or all four aromatic hydrogen atoms are substituted by 19F, and both for the samples with natural occurrence or enriched concentration of 10B.

Results

While referring to the already available literature for in vivo use of fluorinated BPA, we show that fluorine‐rich variants of BPA increase the probability of neutrons being captured by the molecule. As the higher absorption efficiency of fluorinated BPA does not depend on whether the molecule is used in vivo or not, our results are promising for the higher efficiency of the boron neutron capture treatment.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a new advantage using fluorinated compounds for BNCT, in their optimized interaction with neutrons, in addition to their already known capability to be used for monitoring and pharmacokinetics studies using 19F‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or in 18F‐Positron Emission Tomography.
Feasibility of Monte Carlo dropout‐based uncertainty maps to evaluate deep learning‐based synthetic CTs for adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Galapon Arthur Villanueva , Thummerer Adrian , Langendijk Johannes Albertus , Wagenaar Dirk , Both Stefan
Published: November 2023

Background

Deep learning has shown promising results to generate MRI‐based synthetic CTs and to enable accurate proton dose calculations on MRIs. For clinical implementation of synthetic CTs, quality assurance tools that verify their quality and reliability are required but still lacking.

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of uncertainty maps generated with Monte Carlo dropout (MCD) for verifying proton dose calculations on deep‐learning‐based synthetic CTs (sCTs) derived from MRIs in online adaptive proton therapy.

Methods

Two deep‐learning models (DCNN and cycleGAN) were trained for CT image synthesis using 101 paired CT‐MR images. sCT images were generated using MCD for each model by performing 10 inferences with activated dropout layers. The final sCT was obtained by averaging the inferred sCTs, while the uncertainty map was obtained from the HU variance corresponding to each voxel of 10 sCTs.

The resulting uncertainty maps were compared to the observed HU‐, range‐, WET‐, and dose‐error maps between the sCT and planning CT. For range and WET errors, the generated uncertainty maps were projected along the 90‐degree angle. To evaluate the dose distribution, a mask based on the 5%‐isodose curve was applied to only include voxels along the beam paths. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the correlation between the uncertainty maps and HUs, range, WET, and dose errors. To evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of synthetic CTs, clinical proton treatment plans were recalculated and compared to the pCTs

Results

Evaluation of the correlation showed an average of r = 0.92 ± 0.03 and r = 0.92 ± 0.03 for errors between uncertainty‐HU, r = 0.66 ± 0.09 and r = 0.62 ± 0.06 between uncertainty‐range, r = 0.64 ± 0.06 and r = 0.58 ± 0.07 between uncertainty‐WET, and r = 0.65 ± 0.09 and r = 0.67 ± 0.07 between uncertainty and dose difference for DCNN and cycleGAN model, respectively. Dosimetric comparison for target volumes showed an average 3%/3 mm gamma pass rate of 99.76 ± 0.43 (DCNN) and 99.10 ± 1.27 (cycleGAN).

Conclusion

The observed correlations between uncertainty maps and the various metrics (HU, range, WET, and dose errors) demonstrated the potential of MCD‐based uncertainty maps as a reliable QA tool to evaluate the accuracy of deep learning‐based sCTs.
A Fast HPLC/UV Method for Determination of Ketoprofen in Cellular Media
Authors: Vozniuk Oleksandra , Kejík Zdeněk , Veselá Kateřina , Skaličková Markéta , Novotný Petr , Hromádka Róbert , Hajduch Jan , Martásek Pavel , Jakubek Milan
Published: November 2023

A simple, sensitive and quick HPLC method was developed for the determination of ketoprofen in cell culture media (EMEM, DMEM, RPMI). Separation was performed using a gradient on the C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and miliQ water acidified by 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid. The method was validated for parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation and limit of detection, as well as robustness. The response was found linear over the range of 3–100 μg/mL as demonstrated by the acquired value of correlation coefficient R2=0.9997. The described method is applicable for determination of various pharmacokinetic aspects of ketoprofen in vitro.
Addressing fraudulent responses in online surveys: Insights from a web‐based participatory mapping study
Authors: Johnson Malcolm S. , Adams Vanessa M. , Byrne Jason
Published: November 2023

Web‐based studies of human dimensions are increasing across environmental and socio‐ecological disciplines. However, the prevalence of fraud threatens research quality. Increased fraud rates should be expected as surveys move progressively more online, motivated by expanding reach, cost savings and/or in response to COVID‐19. Web‐based research must better account for fraud to maintain confidence in findings. Practical diagnostic tools and data quality protocols are required to detect fraud and ensure results quality.

Drawing on our experience using an online participatory mapping case study, we discuss methods to detect potentially fraudulent responses—and identify some limitations. We begin by reviewing the current state of knowledge on fraudulent responses or ‘fraudsters’ and its relative absence in environmental and socio‐ecological disciplines. We then describe our research approach, the indicators and variables we used to detect and assess fraud and our decision‐making process to eliminate suspicious responses without jeopardizing research integrity.

We found that despite several preventative measures, many fraudulent respondents could provide survey responses and effectively mimicked legitimate respondents at first glance. By assuming each response to be ‘potentially fraudulent’, we determined that the complete screening of each respondent, while time‐consuming, can limit the prevalence of fraud. We also determined that the most common data consistency checks (e.g. duration, trap questions and straight‐liner checks) are unlikely to guarantee valid respondents.

If not acknowledged and addressed, fraud has the potential to undermine data integrity, discredit research findings and limit the utility of results for policy. This study contributes to environmental and socio‐ecological research by reviewing existing fraudster literature and using our experience with fraud to provide recommendations for researchers to address this problem. We encourage researchers implementing online qualitative research methods to thoroughly assess and report fraud, when possible, to ensure widespread knowledge of this growing threat.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Mental healthcare utilization among head and neck cancer patients: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Jansen Femke , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , Hardillo Jose A. , Takes Robert P. , de Bree Remco , Lamers Femke , Langendijk Johannes A. , Leemans C. René , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma M.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate utilization of mental healthcare among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients from diagnosis to 2 years after treatment, in relation to psychological symptoms, mental disorders, need for mental healthcare, and sociodemographic, clinical and personal factors.

Methods

Netherlands Quality of life and Biomedical Cohort study data as measured before treatment, at 3 and 6 months, and at 1 and 2 years after treatment was used (n = 610). Data on mental healthcare utilization (iMCQ), psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cancer Worry Scale), mental disorders (CIDI interview), need for mental healthcare (Supportive Care Needs Survey Short‐Form 34, either as continuous outcome indicating the level of need or dichotomized into unmet need (yes/no)) and several sociodemographic, clinical and personal factors were collected. Factors associated with mental healthcare utilization were investigated using generalized estimating equations (p < 0.05).

Results

Of all HNC patients, 5%–9% used mental healthcare per timepoint. This was 4%–14% in patients with mild‐severe psychological symptoms, 4%–17% in patients with severe psychological symptoms, 15%–35% in patients with a mental disorder and 5%–16% in patients with an unmet need for mental healthcare. Among all patients, higher symptoms of anxiety, a higher need for mental healthcare, lower age, higher disease stage, lower self‐efficacy and higher social support seeking were significantly associated with mental healthcare utilization.

Conclusion

Mental health care utilization among HNC patients is limited, and is related to psychological symptoms, need for mental healthcare, and sociodemographic, clinical and personal factors.
Signatures of tRNAGlx‐specificity in proteobacterial glutamyl‐tRNA synthetases
Authors: Dasgupta Saumya , Dev Aditya , Chongdar Nipa , Basak Premananda , Dastidar Shubhra Ghosh , Basu Gautam
Published: November 2023

The canonical function of glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase (GluRS) is to glutamylate tRNAGlu. Yet not all bacterial GluRSs glutamylate tRNAGlu; many glutamylate both tRNAGlu and tRNAGln, while some glutamylate only tRNAGln and not the cognate substrate tRNAGlu. Understanding the basis of the unique specificity of tRNAGlx is important. Mutational studies have hinted at hotspot residues, both on tRNAGlx and GluRS, which play crucial roles in tRNAGlx‐specificity. However, its underlying structural basis remains unexplored. The majority of biochemical studies related to tRNAGlx‐specificity have been performed on GluRS from Escherichia coli and other proteobacterial species. However, since the early crystal structures of GluRS and tRNAGlu‐bound GluRS were from non‐proteobacterial species (Thermus thermophilus), proteobacterial biochemical data have often been interpreted in the context of non‐proteobacterial GluRS structures. Marked differences between proteobacterial and non‐proteobacterial GluRSs have been demonstrated; therefore, it is important to understand tRNAGlx‐specificity vis‐a‐vis proteobacterial GluRS structures. To this end, we solved the crystal structure of a double mutant GluRS from E. coli. Using the solved structure and several other currently available proteo‐ and non‐proteobacterial GluRS crystal structures, we probed the structural basis of the tRNAGlx‐specificity of bacterial GluRSs. Specifically, our analyses suggest a unique role played by the tRNAGlx D‐helix contacting loop of GluRS in the modulation of tRNAGln‐specificity. While earlier studies have identified functional hotspots on tRNAGlx that control the tRNAGlx‐specificity of GluRS, this is the first report of complementary signatures of tRNAGlx‐specificity in GluRS.
Chemistry of sulfines. PART IX: Sulfines by oxidation of dithiocarboxylic esters
Authors: Zwanenburg B. , Thus L. , Strating J.
Published: November 2023

The oxidation of dithiocarboxylic esters with peracids is described. Methyl dithio‐l‐naphthoate (I) produces the trans‐ and cis‐(methylthio)sulfines I la and IIb. The trans‐isomer IIa gives on oxidation the trans‐(methylsulfinyl)sulfine IIIa, which is then converted to the trans‐(methylsulfonyl)sulfine IVa by further treatment with a peracid (Scheme I). Similarly phenyl dithiobenzoate (V) gives trans‐ and cis‐phenyl(phenylthio)sulfine (VIa and VIb). Each of these isomers was subjected to further oxidation giving the trans‐ and cis‐phenyl(phenylsulfinyl) sulfines VIIa and VIIb, and the trans‐ and cis‐phenyl(phenylsulfonyl)sulfines, VIIIa and VIIIb (Scheme II). Similarly, phenyl 2,4,6‐trimethyldithiobenzoate (IX) is oxidized to the corresponding trans‐ and cis‐mesityl(phenylthio)‐, mesityl (phenylsulfinyl) and mesityl(phenylsulfonyl)sulfines, Xa,b, XIa,b and XIIa,b, respectively. (Scheme III).

The spectra, particularly the PMR spectra, are discussed in conjunction with the structural assignment of the sulfines. The deshielding effect of the > CSO group and also intramolecular shielding effects are invoked. Interestingly, the ortho‐methyl groups in both mesityl(phenylsulfinyl)sulfines (XIa,b) are magnetically non‐equivalent. This results from the asymmetric sulfoxide function in these sulfines which makes the two ortho methyl groups in XI diastereotopic.
Hindered internal rotation in alkyl N‐[(Arylsulfonyl)‐methyl]‐N‐Methylcarbamates. A total line shape NMR study
Authors: van Der Werf S. , Engberts J.B.F.N.
Published: November 2023

The kinetic parameters of hindered internal rotation around the carbonyl carbon to nitrogen bond in three alkyl N‐[(arylsulfonyl)methyl]‐N‐methylcarbamates and in methyl N‐methyl‐N‐[(p‐tolylthio)methyl]carbamate have been determined using the NMR total line shape technique and an iterative computer programme.

The lifetimes of both rotamers were evaluated from the temperature‐dependent signals of the ester alkyl groups. The choice of the input line‐width parameters was found to be critical. Activation parameters for the exchange reactions are discussed in terms of the structures of the carbamates and are compared with those of structurally related compounds.
Observer‐based event‐triggered security control for nonlinear networked control systems with cyber attacks
Authors: Huang Fan , Pan Yingnan , Lu Qing
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the observer‐based security control problem for interval type‐2 nonlinear networked control systems with deception attacks and replay attacks. Firstly, to alleviate the communication burden of the network, a novel adaptive event‐triggered communication (ETC) mechanism is proposed. Compared with existing observer‐based adaptive ETC security control techniques, the threshold of the proposed adaptive ETC scheme can be adjusted dynamically depending on the value of adjustable parameters and estimation error. In particular, the adjustable parameters can change the sensitivity of the threshold flexibly. Then, taking the influence of the adaptive ETC mechanism and cyber attacks into consideration, an observer‐based security controller is developed under the co‐designed method. Furthermore, by utilizing the Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for asymptotically mean‐square stable of the closed‐loop system are obtained. Ultimately, the feasibility of the designed control approach can be proved via a simulation example.
Leveraging environmental, social, and governance strategies for sustainable tannery solid waste management towards achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Moktadir Md. Abdul , Ren Jingzheng
Published: November 2023

Tannery solid waste (TSW) management is vital for promoting sustainable development in the leather industry. However, sustainable management of TSW is challenging as it contains hazardous chemicals. Implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices can support managing TSW towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, it is not easy to implement ESG practices for TSW management since numerous challenges exist in the system. To assist TSW management through ESG implementation, it is imperative to investigate the interactions among challenges and mitigation strategies. However, the existing decision‐making models cannot deal with the uncertainty and vagueness on a border scale during interaction evaluation and alternatives ranking. Additionally, there is a shortage of scientific works on ESG practices in emerging economies. Therefore, this study, for the first time, offers an integrated novel Dombi t‐norm and Dombi t‐conorm grounded interval valued Fermatean fuzzy sets (IVFFSs) Delphi, an extended IVFFSs‐weighted influence non‐liner Gause system (WINGS), and novel IVFFSs‐TODIM approach which is utterly lacking in the present literature. Also, the study offers a strategic roadmap to understand the interlinkage of findings with SDGs. The results of the IVFFSs‐WINGS analysis confirmed that the “Lack of solid waste management policy” is the most critical challenge for ESG implementation. Further, IVFFSs‐TODIM analysis confirmed that the “Policy development for TSW management complying with ESG and SDGs” is the top ESG challenges mitigation strategy for TSW management. The study's findings will provide guidance for government agencies, policymakers, and relevant stakeholders of the emerging economies tannery industry for successful implementation of ESG practices, thus helping to achieve SDGs.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction, taphonomic and petrological data suggest that the oldest record of bioturbation is a body fossil coquina
Authors: Psarras Christos , Donoghue Philip C.J. , Garwood Russell J. , Grazhdankin Dmitriy V. , Parry Luke A. , Rogov Vladimir I. , Liu Alexander G.
Published: November 2023

Fossil material assigned to Nenoxites from the late Ediacaran Khatyspyt Formation of Arctic Siberia (550–544 Ma) has been presented as evidence for bioturbation prior to the basal Cambrian boundary. However, that ichnological interpretation has been challenged, and descriptions of similar material from other global localities support a body fossil origin. Here we combine x‐ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and petrographic methods to evaluate the body or trace fossil nature of Nenoxites from the Khatyspyt Formation. The fossilized structures consist of densely packed chains of three‐dimensionally preserved silicic, bowl‐shaped elements surrounded by distinct sedimentary halos, in a dolomitized matrix. Individual bowl‐shaped elements can exhibit diffuse mineralogical boundaries and bridging connections between elements, both considered here to result from silicification and dolomitization during diagenesis. This new morphological and petrological evidence, in conjunction with recent studies of the late Ediacaran tubular taxa Ordinilunulatus and Shaanxilithes from China, suggest that the Khatyspyt specimens most probably reflect a coquina deposit of Shaanxilithes‐like body fossils. Our data support the possibility of Shaanxilithes‐like organisms representing total group eumetazoans.
Katian (Late Ordovician) trilobites of the North Qilian Mountains and their palaeogeographical implications for the Proto‐Tethys Archipelagic Ocean
Authors: Wei Xin , Luan Xiaocong , Zhang Yuchen , Yan Guanzhou , Zhan Renbin
Published: November 2023

Trilobites from the middle Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) of the North Qilian Mountains, Menyuan, northeastern Qinghai Province are systematically documented for the first time. The fauna consists of five families, seven genera and seven species, one of which is new (Remopleurides zhangi), showing a close relationship to those of the Kazakh terranes (such as the Chu‐Ili terrane, Chingiz‐Tarbagatai area and the Karatau‐Naryn and North‐Tien Shan microcontinents), and the North China and Laurentia palaeoplates during the Katian (Late Ordovician). The cluster and non‐metric multidimensional scaling analyses of the Middle–Late Ordovician (late Darriwilian–Katian) trilobite faunas with 299 genera or subgenera from 46 horizons of 37 areas, provide valuable information for the palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Proto‐Tethys Archipelagic Ocean (PTAO) of this interval. The Qilian terrane and adjacent areas are essential components of the PTAO, some of which include the Qilian terrane, the North Qilian Mountains area, the Altun faulted terrane, the Hexi Corridor area and the East Qinling terrane. Their relative positions in the PTAO are inferred by the palaeobiogeography of trilobite faunas. Furthermore, based on discussions of the spatiotemporal distribution of those faunas, thePliomerinaand/orSinocybeleProvince of the Middle–Late Ordovician (late Darriwilian–Katian) age is defined as a trilobite faunal province of the PTAO. Moreover, a distinct faunal subprovince, essentially comprising the South China Palaeoplate and its neighbours (e.g. Tarim, Annamia, Sibuma, East Qinling, Turkestan‐Alai and probably Talesh), might be surrounded by the equatorial cold‐water tongue.
The Effect of Different Polyol Precursors on Disordered Spinel ZnAl2O4 Structure Prepared by the Polymeric Citrate Complex Method and the Corresponding Catalytic Behavior in the Glycerolysis of Urea
Authors: Pham-Ngoc Nhiem , Nguyen-Phu Huy , Lee Youngil , Shin Eun Woo
Published: November 2023

ZnAl2O4 is a cubic close‐packed oxide with tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the lattice structure. The catalytic activity of ZnAl2O4 is strongly connected with the surface properties caused by the partially inverse spinel ZnAl2O4 structure. In this research, ZnAl2O4 catalysts are prepared for the glycerolysis of urea via the polymeric citrate complex method using polymeric templates made of citric acid with a different polyol precursor. Depending on the polyol precursor, the partial inversion parameters representing the disordered bulk ZnAl2O4 structure are controlled, which results in different surface AlO4/AlO6 ratios and surface acidity. The specific surface areas of the prepared ZnAl2O4 catalysts are proportional to the molecular weight of the polyol precursor. The s–ZnAl2O4 (polyol precursor = sorbitol) prepared via two pathways from citrate complex and polymeric citrate complex shows the highest inversion parameter and surface acidity, leading to the highest glycerol carbonate (GC) yield and glycerol conversion in the glycerolysis of urea. A relationship between the GC yield and the surface properties, such as the acidity and inversion parameters, is established.
Corpora, Locally Sourced: An Approach to Addressing the Specific Needs of ESL Writing Programs
Authors: Lee Joseph J.
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the development and implementation of a locally‐sourced corpus to address the specific needs of an ESL writing program. The paper begins with a description of the motivation and development of the Corpus of Ohio Learner and Teacher English (COLTE), a large in‐house corpus consisting of assessed ESL student writing and teacher feedback from first‐year writing courses. The paper illustrates research conducted within the local context using the COLTE and discusses how the program's corpus‐based approach influenced curricular revisions and instructional practice. It addresses the evaluation of these efforts, challenges encountered, and considerations for building and using corpora at the program level. The paper concludes by arguing that stakeholders within programs can work collaboratively to build and use locally‐sourced corpora grounded in their specific setting to explore local practices and address the English language learning and teaching needs of their own particular context.
Demethylnobiletin ameliorates cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats through Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Dan , Awad Ali Chyadmarzok Al , Tang Chuai , Chen Yunqiang
Published: November 2023

Background

Demethylnobiletin (DN), with a variety of biological activities, is a polymethoxy‐flavanone (PMF) found in citrus. In the present study, we explored the biological activities and potential mechanism of DN to improve cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats, and identified DN as a novel neuroprotective agent for patients with ischemic brain injury.

Methods

Rat CIRI models were established via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Primary nerve cells were isolated and cultured in fetal rat cerebral cortex in vitro, and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) models of primary nerve cells were induced. After intervention with DN with different concentrations in MCAO rats and OGD/R nerve cells, 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to quantify cerebral infarction size in CIRI rats. Modified neurological severity score was utilized to assess neurological performance. Histopathologic staining and live/dead cell‐viability staining was used to observe apoptosis. Levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. DN level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MCAO rats were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, expression levels of proteins like Kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nfr2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) in the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, and apoptosis‐related proteins like Cleaved caspase‐3, BCL‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.

Results

DN can significantly enhance neurological function recovery by reducing cerebral infarction size and weakening neurocytes apoptosis in MCAO rats. It was further found that DN could improve oxidative stress (OS) injury of nerve cells by bringing down MDA and ROS levels and increasing SOD and GSH levels. Notably, DN exerts its pharmacological influences through entering blood–brain barrier. Mechanically, DN can reduce Keap1 expression while activate Nrf2 and HO‐1 expression in neurocytes.

Conclusions

The protective effect of DN on neurocytes have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo circumstances. It deserves to be developed as a potential neuroprotective agent through regulating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway to ameliorate neurocytes impairment caused by OS.