bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic tensile model of core/wrapped composite yarn with double filament
Authors: Yang Ruihua , Hu Aiting , Zhang Xin , Liu Shuai , Gao Jiaqi , Lv Zelin , Zhang Hua
Published: February 2023

Viscoelastic models are typically employed to investigate the mechanical properties of yarn. In this study, a viscoelastic model was developed to predict the tensile stress–strain relationship of a core/wrapped composite yarn with double filaments. The tensile properties of the yarn were tested, and various stages of the tensile curve were analyzed. Moreover, based on the tensile fracture characteristics, a five-element nonlinear viscoelastic model comprising Kelvin element, Maxwell element, and linear springs was established. Furthermore, the tensile properties of the composite yarns were simulated and calculated using the developed model. Additionally, the stress–strain relationship was fitted using a polynomial on the basis of the established model. The results reveal that the tensile fracture curve of the composite yarn comprises three stages. They are a small strain linear stage, a large strain stage, and a strength fluctuation stage. The viscoelastic tensile model can decently explain the three-stage stress–strain characteristics of the composite yarn tensile curve. The theoretical results were consistent with the experimental results, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. Based on the results, the proposed model can be employed with high accuracy to predict the tensile properties of a core/wrapped composite yarn with a double filament.
When Bookchin faces Bourdieu. French ‘weak’ municipalism, legitimation crisis and zombie political parties
Authors: Béal Vincent , Maisetti Nicolas , Pinson Gilles , Rousseau Max
Published: February 2023

The French municipal elections of 2020 were marked by the emergence of ‘citizen lists’ in several cities. These lists are discussed here as ‘weak’ form of new municipalism: they integrate some ideas and logics of new municipalism without having the same level of radicality as the most emblematic international examples of the movement. By analysing these initiatives from a political sociology perspective inspired by Bourdieu’s work on the political field, we develop three main arguments. First, new municipalism in France emerged in response to a deepening political crisis. At the local scale, this crisis is fuelling a misalignment between urban societies and political parties that support entrepreneurial agendas. This has laid out the conditions for the emergence of a new municipalism, formed of complex and contradictory new social alliances. Second, this movement has been dominated by a ‘participationist ideology’. Citizens’ lists have placed strong emphasis on the search for innovative participatory tools, but have invested much less energy in the construction of an alternative urban political platform. Third, we underline the unfinished nature of the new municipalism revolution, where the movement’s impetus has been weakened by the resilience of ‘zombie’ political parties. In the end, the article highlights the need to take into greater consideration existing political and institutional contexts in the study of new municipalism.
Emergent Veteran Identity: Toward a New Theory of Veteran Identity in Israeli Society
Authors: Ben-Shalom Uzi , Rickover Itamar , Reizer Abira , Connelly Vincent
Published: February 2023

Israeli society has seen a gradual decrease in the proportion of compulsory and reserve soldiers amid growing criticism of the military from those who have previously served. This criticism is connected to a willingness on their part to organize collective action for postservice benefits and influence other postservice-related issues. We argue that a new theoretical concept of an “emergent veteran identity” could explain this new social phenomenon for both the Israeli military and others. In this study, 248 Israeli veterans completed questionnaires designed to investigate emergent veteran identity. The results reveal that emergent veteran identity was explained by the perception of the role of the military in society, by the organizational dimensions of veterans’ transition into society, and, to a lesser extent, by combat experiences. Female veterans had a higher emergent veteran identity and exhibited higher transformation limbo. The article also discusses the utility of this new concept for the study of veterans in general and the results’ implications for threats to and the loss of military identity.
Citizens’ perceptions on public finance literacy: Familiarity, importance, actual use and proposed learning objectives
Authors: Karatzimas Sotirios
Published: February 2023

Recent literature highlights the importance of providing citizens public sector accounting education to help them become public finance literate. This study performs a questionnaire-based survey to a convenient sample of citizens to collect their perspective on the topic. The results indicate an average familiarity of the respondents with key public finance concepts, with male respondents appearing more familiar. The respondents place more importance in being able to monitor and assess the state’s financial performance and condition rather than that of the local government. In practice, when making voting decisions during municipal elections they focus less on financial information, compared to when it comes to state elections, mainly due to difficulties in accessing the municipalities’ financial information. The respondents are further supportive of receiving public sector accounting education as they believe it could help them monitor the local and state government’s financial condition and performance, take more rational election decisions and more actively participate to public matters. They perceive that such an education should take place from high-school and not earlier, and they find useful this educational process to continue via online and on-site seminars. Finally, they make recommendations on the specific content (learning objectives) of public sector accounting education at the different educational levels (school, high-school, municipal seminars, and online seminars).
Natural Language Processing of Learners’ Evaluations of Attendings to Identify Professionalism Lapses
Authors: Heath Janae K. , Clancy Caitlin B. , Pluta William , Weissman Gary E. , Anderson Ursula , Kogan Jennifer R. , Dine C. Jessica , Shea Judy A.
Published: February 2023

Unprofessional faculty behaviors negatively impact the well-being of trainees yet are infrequently reported through established reporting systems. Manual review of narrative faculty evaluations provides an additional avenue for identifying unprofessional behavior but is time- and resource-intensive, and therefore of limited value for identifying and remediating faculty with professionalism concerns. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques may provide a mechanism for streamlining manual review processes to identify faculty professionalism lapses. In this retrospective cohort study of 15,432 narrative evaluations of medical faculty by medical trainees, we identified professionalism lapses using automated analysis of the text of faculty evaluations. We used multiple NLP approaches to develop and validate several classification models, which were evaluated primarily based on the positive predictive value (PPV) and secondarily by their calibration. A NLP-model using sentiment analysis (quantifying subjectivity of the text) in combination with key words (using the ensemble technique) had the best performance overall with a PPV of 49% (CI 38%-59%). These findings highlight how NLP can be used to screen narrative evaluations of faculty to identify unprofessional faculty behaviors. Incorporation of NLP into faculty review workflows enables a more focused manual review of comments, providing a supplemental mechanism to identify faculty professionalism lapses.
Patenting sociality: Uncovering the operational logics of Facebook through critical patent analysis
Authors: Hlongwa Lungani , Talamayan Fernan
Published: February 2023

While the growing influence of digital platforms on social life is now widely recognized, scholars continue to grapple with the operation of digital platforms and their mediation of social life. This article examines some of Facebook’s operational logics to shed light on the company’s social imaginary. Our argument is that Facebook imagines a sociality that can be broken down to machine-readable signals which can also be patented for capital accumulation. This argument is based on a critical analysis of Facebook patents that revealed key operational logics underpinning the platform, namely: data extraction, user surveillance, profiling, ranking, and preemption. Through critical patent analysis, we unveil not only the platform’s configuration but also its creators’ orchestration of human actions and interactions. At a time when companies are more inclined to protect their innovations through patents, perhaps now more than ever, is an opportune moment to examine what their inventions make possible.
Robotic Morgagni’s hernia repair in adults – A single centre experience
Authors: Pulle Mohan Venkatesh , Asaf Belal Bin , Puri Harsh Vardhan , Bishnoi Sukhram , Mundale Vivek Vishwas , Bangeria Sumit , Kumar Arvind
Published: February 2023

Background

This study was aimed at reporting the surgical outcomes and evaluating the safety and feasibility of robotic repair of Morgagni’s repair in adults.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of seven cases of Morgagni’s hernia in adults, managed by robotic method in a tertiary-level thoracic surgery centre over 9 years. A detailed analysis of all perioperative variables including complications was carried out.

Results

A total of seven patients underwent Robotic Morgagni’s hernia repair during the study period. Males (71.4%) were predominant in the patient cohort. Median age group was 33 years (range: 28–78 years). All patients were pre-obese with median body mass index of 29.4 (range: 27.5–29.9). All patients underwent robotic-assisted hernia repair with no conversions. Omentum was the most common hernial content (100%). In all cases, the defect was reinforced with a composite mesh. Median operative time was 140 min (range: 120–160). Median hospital stay of 3 days (range: 2–4 days). No post-procedural complications. All the patients had complete resolution of presenting symptoms. No recurrence was noted in the median follow-up period of 32 months (range: 6–78 months).

Conclusion

Robotic-assisted surgical repair of Morgagni’s hernia in adults is safe, feasible and effective. However, studies with larger sample size and multi-institutional collaboration are recommended for further conclusions.
Conjoint Couple Therapy with a Woman Survivor of Intimate Partner Violence: Strengths and Challenges
Authors: Roy Roniyamol , Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Jagannathan Aarti , Cicil Vasanthra Radhakrishnan , Prabhu James Ranjith
Published: February 2023

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or Domestic Violence (DV) affects the mental health of women. Systemic family therapy has been found to help bring change in a couple's relationship and the cessation of violence in the relationship, provided both couples are motivated by the therapy to preserve the marital relationship. This article presents a case of offering brief tailor-made individual intervention as well as couple therapy for a woman with depression experiencing violence.
Counterfactual future-thinking
Authors: Arıcan Alize
Published: February 2023

In this article, I follow two urban experts, a Turkish construction site manager and a Kurdish foreman, working in Taksim 360, one of Istanbul’s first state-led urban transformation projects still in construction since 2006. Homing in on the protracted landscape of construction, I am concerned with how urban experts in Taksim 360, who do not entirely concur with the seemingly determined trajectory of urban transformation in Tarlabaşı, put inevitability to work. I ask: what makes urban experts stay with a project that might not materialize? The answer lies in what I call “counterfactual future-thinking”: a way of articulating the future in relation to what might have happened—an articulation that comes particularly handy when the gap between inevitable visions and everyday experiences of urban projects seems irreconcilable. Counterfactual future-thinking allows urban experts to navigate the tensions between suspension and inevitability. It offers a way to urban experts to bridge their quotidian experiences of urban projects with their future visions, which become hazier in their attainability. I argue that counterfactuals emanating from protraction are lenses through which we can understand what inevitability actually does, rather than dismiss it as a farse disconnected from urban expertise on the ground.
Harmonization of sensorimotor deficit assessment in a registered multicentre pre-clinical randomized controlled trial using two models of ischemic stroke
Authors: Valente Alessia , Mariani Jacopo , Seminara Serena , Tettamanti Mauro , Pignataro Giuseppe , Perego Carlo , Sironi Luigi , Pedata Felicita , Amantea Diana , Bacigaluppi Marco , Vinciguerra Antonio , Diamanti Susanna , Viganò Martina , Santangelo Francesco , Zoia Chiara Paola , Rodriguez-Menendez Virginia , Castiglioni Laura , Rzemieniec Joanna , Dettori Ilaria , Bulli Irene , Coppi Elisabetta , Di Santo Chiara , Cuomo Ornella , Gullotta Giorgia Serena , Butti Erica , Bagetta Giacinto , Martino Gianvito , De Simoni Maria-Grazia , Ferrarese Carlo , Fumagalli Stefano , Beretta Simone ,   for the TRICS study group
Published: February 2023

Multicentre preclinical randomized controlled trials (pRCTs) are a valuable tool to improve experimental stroke research, but are challenging and therefore underused. A common challenge regards the standardization of procedures across centres. We here present the harmonization phase for the quantification of sensorimotor deficits by composite neuroscore, which was the primary outcome of two multicentre pRCTs assessing remote ischemic conditioning in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30, 45 or 60 min in mice and 50, 75 or 100 min in rats, allowing sufficient variability. Eleven animals per species were video recorded during neurobehavioural tasks and evaluated with neuroscore by eight independent raters, remotely and blindly. We aimed at reaching an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.60 as satisfactory interrater agreement. After a first remote training we obtained ICC = 0.50 for mice and ICC = 0.49 for rats. Errors were identified in animal handling and test execution. After a second remote training, we reached the target interrater agreement for mice (ICC = 0.64) and rats (ICC = 0.69). In conclusion, a multi-step, online harmonization phase proved to be feasible, easy to implement and highly effective to align each centre’s behavioral evaluations before project’s interventional phase.
Increasing Inclusivity and Reducing Reactance During Provider-Patient Interactions
Authors: Shields Lillianna , Stovall Tony , Colby Helen
Published: February 2023

Background

Significant health disparities exist for trans and gender-nonconforming patients, in part caused by a reduced likelihood of seeking health care due to experienced discrimination in health care settings. Increasing inclusivity in patient-provider interactions can decrease barriers to care seeking for these patients, but such advice to providers must be simple to implement and account for potential backlash among certain patient subgroups.

Methods

In 3 studies, we use online samples to experimentally test patient reactions to 2 methods of provider inclusivity signaling: verbal sharing of the provider’s pronouns and request for the patient’s pronouns (a method frequently suggested in the literature) and the provider wearing a pin indicating their pronouns without verbal sharing or requesting that the patient share their pronouns.

Results

Study 1 finds that political orientation significantly moderated the effect of pronoun request on patient satisfaction with the visit, P = .003; satisfaction with the doctor, P = .003; and willingness to return to the provider, P = .007, with politically liberal participants being more satisfied and more likely to return when pronouns were requested and politically conservative participants less satisfied and less likely to return. Study 2 replicated these findings and demonstrated that such backlash among conservative participants did not occur when inclusivity was indicated via the provider wearing a pin indicating their pronouns. Study 3 showed that while pronoun pins may be subtle enough to not cause backlash, they are noticed by the target community and increase satisfaction and willingness to return among participants who identify as trans, nonbinary, and genderqueer.

Limitations

These studies were hypothetical scenario studies run online rather than field studies.

Conclusions

These results suggest that recommendations for increasing inclusivity should account for potential negative impacts on the practice from more politically conservative patients and that more subtle methods of indicating an inclusive health care environment are likely to be more implementable for practitioners in the field while still positively affecting the target population.

Highlights

Increasing inclusivity in health care settings by verbally sharing and requesting pronouns can cause backlash and aggression among politically conservative patients. More subtle methods of inclusivity signaling such as providers wearing pins sharing their own pronouns do not have this type of backlash effect and increase satisfaction and willingness to return among non-cisgender patients. Recommendations for increasing inclusivity in health care settings should consider negative reactions from other patient subgroups to ensure recommendations are those providers are likely to be willing and able to implement long term.
Does the United States owe reparations to Somalia?
Authors: Mueller Jason C.
Published: February 2023

For over twenty years the United States government has engaged in what it calls a global ‘war on terror’ (GWOT). This war spans continents and while US interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq receive modest attention, the secretive US war in Somalia remains under-discussed. This article offers an empirical and theoretical examination of what the US has done in Somalia since 2001, considering the political, economic and ideological elements of these acts. Data on the US’s war on the Somali people is placed in dialogue with ongoing theorising on the merits of reparations in the world system.
State aesthetics and the Other–Nature in disaster memorials
Authors: Faas A.J.
Published: February 2023

I examine the aesthetic (re)production of the state in disaster museums and memorials in a comparative analysis of the Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial in Beichuan, China, and the September 11 Memorial and Museum in New York. I explore how particular national imaginaries and narratives of the past were projected to produce narratives that cloak the chaos of catastrophe and channel powerful public emotions into a robust state imaginary operating heroically on an Other-Nature-Disaster without history. In China, the state is embodied by conventional faces of the state apparatus. By contrast, in New York, such leaders are notably absent. Instead, the focus is on “heroic” first responders that I argue constitute devolved encounters with the state—neither faceless nor portrayed by official leaders, but instead embodied by neighbors, friends, and everyday heroes. In both contexts, I find similar techniques of producing aesthetic assemblages within which, whether the proximal agent of suffering be human or no, any purportedly external perturbation creates a crisis of state integrity that is discursively cloaked in the language of the Nature of the Other and this is partially accomplished by enframing emergencies in carefully delimited timeframes.
‘of evident invisibles’: Ethnography as intermediation
Authors: Pina-Cabral João
Published: February 2023

Evident invisibles emerge in the ethnographic encounter which change the whence and the whither of the ethnographic gesture. Long ago, Margaret Mead critiqued anthropologists for ignoring ‘the world in between’ that makes their fieldwork possible – this article takes the argument a step further, proposing that all ethnographic encounters are fundamentally ‘amidst’. Thus, it calls for a shift from translation to intermediation as the guiding trope of ethnography. Although the practice of ethnography requires the objectification of a ‘field’, metaphysical pluralism remains the fundamental condition of ethnographic intermediation. In light of that, the article critiques (a) the practice of describing our main methodological disposition as ‘participant observation’, arguing instead for the older term ‘intensive ethnographic research’; and (b) the implicit use of the trope of ethnography-as-translation. Ethnographic examples are taken from the author’s own fieldwork in the coastal mangroves of southern Bahia (northeast Brazil) in the late 2000s.
Migrants as subject-citizens: Identity affirmation and domestic concealment among Venezuelans living in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Pérez Miguel , Palma Cristóbal
Published: February 2023

Over the past decade, Chile has become an important destination for Latin American and Caribbean migrants. In 2022, more than 8% of the population residing in the country were of foreign origin. Since 2018, Venezuelans have been the largest immigrant group, making up 30% of all international migrants living in Chile. This article explores how Venezuelan migrants become citizen-subjects through their residential practices, that is, through actions that symbolically construct their inhabited spaces (neighborhood and housing). Understanding citizenship as a process that implies the ethical formation of the self as a construction of new forms of belonging and political membership, we show how the daily life of these migrants is traversed by tensions surrounding their identity: while in public space they openly affirm their identity as diasporic Venezuelans, in the domestic sphere they hide said identity to accommodate an ideal of citizenship inspired by notions of civility, compliance, and moderation.
Hunger in French Guiana’s Vulnerable Urban Neighborhoods: A Neglected Consequence of COVID-19
Authors: Basurko Celia , Dupart Ophélie , Savy Mathilde , Obert-Marby Camille , Mvogo Alexandra , Gonzalez Adriana , Trepont Aude , Cann Lisa , Boceno Claire , Osei Lindsay , Creton Pierre-Marie , Dufit Valentin , Thelusme Liliane , Adenis Antoine , Van-Melle Astrid , Huber Florence , Nacher Mathieu
Published: February 2023

Background:

In French Guiana, restrictions to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were put in place between March 2020 and March 2022. In vulnerable urban neighborhoods, during this period, requests for food assistance increased and fear of hunger overtook fear of being affected by COVID-19.

Objective:

The objective of this survey was to describe food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana and to study the relationship between the socioeconomic conditions of the study households and household hunger.

Methods:

A multicenter survey was therefore conducted in mobile clinics and fixed structures providing care to at-risk urban populations. In a face-to-face interview, a community health worker asked participants questions about the sociodemographic and economic profile of the household, and about household food security (food consumption score, coping strategies in the face of food shortages, and household hunger index). Two hundred seventy-seven households were recruited in February 2021.

Results:

According to the household hunger scale, 42.6% of households experienced moderate hunger and 23.8% of households experienced severe hunger in the month preceding the survey. Lack of residence permit, lack of social support, water insecurity, small housing, and lack of access to an urban garden were determinants related to the risk of household hunger.

Conclusions:

Food insecurity has affected a large majority of the households in this survey, and the immediate consequences for children’s health were already apparent. These results draw attention to a neglected health problem in a socioeconomically vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Statistical tensile and flexural fatigue lives of unidirectional CF/PP laminates
Authors: Nakada Masayuki , Miyano Yasushi , Nonaka Taiga , Morisawa Yoko , Isaki Takeharu , Hirano Taiki , Uzawa Kiyoshi
Published: February 2023

The accelerated testing methodology (ATM) for the statistical life prediction of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) under creep and fatigue loads based on the viscoelasticity of matrix resin has been proposed by authors. This method has been successfully applied to the life predictions of unidirectional CFRP with thermosetting epoxy resin as the matrix under tensile and flexural loads. In this paper, this method was applied to the fatigue life prediction of unidirectional CFRP (CF/PP laminates) with thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) as the matrix under tensile and flexural loads, and the effect of matrix viscoelasticity and load cycles on the fatigue behavior of CF/PP laminates were discussed under tensile and flexural loads. First, the viscoelasticity of matrix PP was measured. Second, the static and fatigue strengths of CF/PP laminates were statistically measured at various temperatures and frequencies under tensile and flexural loads. Third, all of material parameters in the fatigue strength formulation in ATM were determined using measured data, and the statistical long-term fatigue strengths of CF/PP laminates were predicted under tensile and flexural loads. As results, comparison with tension and bending test results clarified that the long-term tensile fatigue strength of CF/PP laminates decreases at an accelerated rate as the number of cycles increases, and that the flexural fatigue strength is affected by temperature and frequency rather than by the number of cycles to failure.
Multi-scale modelling and life prediction of aged composite materials in salt water
Authors: Ghabezi Pouyan , Harrison Noel M
Published: February 2023

Tidal turbine infrastructure is currently in the large-scale prototype and short-term demonstration phase. However, the immediate requirement is to develop materials, processes and long-term life predictive facilities for tidal turbine plant that has decades of operational lifetime requirements. Computational modelling is a key tool to interpret the experimental data, understand the relevant mechanisms and provide a predictive capability for the performance of aged components for industries. The goal of this paper is a prediction of the long-term life of marine-based glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composite laminates aged in artificial seawater with 3.5% salinity based on Arrhenius degradation theory and tensile strength retention over 180 days ageing at room temperature and 60°C. Three different analytical models (linear and exponential) were implemented to calculate time shift factors and corresponding life in a real marine environment. Additionally, multi-scale modelling has been implemented via a representative volume element approach for square and hexagonal cells, and two-step homogenization of textile composites in accordance with nanoindentation testing for matrix/resin cells and fibre constraint cells after 90 days of immersion in saltwater. In general, the multi-scale modelling in ABAQUS and TexGen4SC was able to approximate (with about 10% difference) the mechanical properties of dry and aged composite laminates.
Prevention of Older Adult Infantilization by Nursing Home Professionals: An Intervention Program
Authors: Noriega Cristina , Pérez-Rojo Gema , Velasco Cristina , Carretero María Isabel , López-Frutos Patricia , Galarraga Leyre , López Javier
Published: February 2023

This study analyzes the efficacy of a brief psychoeducational program aimed at preventing older adult infantilization by nursing home professionals. We examined whether an experimental group of professionals reported less infantilization than those of a control group. Changes in stereotypes and humanization were regarded as sub-targets. The sample comprised 154 staff members. Infantilization, humanization, and negative stereotypes toward older adults were assessed before and after the intervention, and repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANCOVAs were conducted. Infantilization and negative stereotypes decreased in the experimental group. Significant post-intervention differences were found between the experimental and control groups both in infantilization and negative stereotypes but not in humanization. Results reflect the relevance of developing specific interventions focused on preventing infantilization as well as the need for professionals’ training and education to generate a culture of change.
A game of domestic imperatives: Audience costs and conflict avoidance
Authors: de Mesquita Bruce Bueno
Published: February 2023

I propose an audience costs game with considerations added from selectorate theory. We see that winning coalition and selectorate size have competing effects on conflict choices in an audience costs setting. Large coalition regimes face lower audience costs than non-democracies, making it harder for them to commit to war. But larger selectorates increase the value of office, making conflict escalation more attractive. Coalition effects dominate when interacted with selectorate size. Evidence from 1816–2014 supports the game's implications. The results indicate that both threat initiation and dispute resolution are better predicted by focusing on domestic, leader-specific variables.
Database use, database discrepancies: Implications for content analyses of news
Authors: Buntain Noah , Liebler Carol M. , Webster Kyle
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is twofold. Study I assesses content analyses of news (2015–2020) that sampled from databases to see which are used most frequently and to observe how researchers justify and contextualize their database choices. Results indicate that Nexis Uni is the database most commonly employed, and that researchers rarely justify their choice or include mention of database limitations. Next, Study II compares Factiva, Google News, NewsBank, Nexis Uni and ProQuest, finding considerable differences in number of stories, geographic reach, media type and coverage of a specific news event.
The Lloyd's Register archive: An appraisal
Authors: Wilcox Martin , Phillipson Peter , Wright Sam , Rapisarda Luca , Starkey David J.
Published: February 2023

This research note presents the findings of an appraisal of the archives of Lloyd's Register recently undertaken by researchers from Blaydes Maritime Centre at the University of Hull. Funded by the Lloyd's Register Foundation, the aim of this project was to assess the character, extent and evidential quality of a rich yet underutilized assemblage of records relating to shipping and vessel safety from the late eighteenth century. After discussing material generated by the organization's management committees, ship classification process and labour deployment, the research note concludes with a discussion of current and future reader access to this large, historically significant and dynamically evolving collection of primary source materials.
Prevalence, Perpetrators, and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescents Living in Urban Slums of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Mayanja Yunia , Kamacooko Onesmus , Lunkuse Jane Frances , Kyegombe Nambusi , Ruzagira Eugene
Published: February 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a public health burden, yet few studies have assessed co-existence of physical, emotional, and sexual IPV among adolescents. We assessed recent IPV victimization and associated factors and described IPV patterns and perpetrators among young people from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a prospective cohort study among 14 to 19-year-old individuals enrolled from March 2019 to March 2020 and followed quarterly for 12 months. We collected data on socio-demographics, sexual behavior, and substance use through interviews. Recent IPV victimization was documented at all visits if a participant reported experiencing physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV in the past 3 months. Baseline factors associated with recent IPV victimization were determined using multivariable logistic regression. We enrolled 490 adolescents (60.6% female) with median age 18 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 17–18 years), 91.0% had less than secondary level education. Females mainly engaged in sex work (17.5%) and selling fruits/snacks (9.1%) while males commonly earned from sale of metal scrap or plastic waste (28.5%), 41% reported ≥10 life-time sexual partners, 16.1% were high-risk alcohol drinkers and 34.9% used illicit drugs in the past 3 months. Overall, 27.8% reported recent IPV victimization (20.0% females) with emotional IPV being common (17.8%). At baseline, recent IPV victimization was associated with high-risk alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.44, 4.58]), reported paid sex in the past 3 months (aOR 1.82; [1.02, 3.22]) and being separated (aOR 2.47; [1.29, 4.73]). Recent IPV victimization declined from baseline to month 9 and increased at month 12 visits which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV victimization is high among young people living in urban slums with emotional IPV being prevalent. IPV interventions are needed and should also address excessive alcohol consumption.
Panorama of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Brazil and its Association With Self-Perception of Health: Findings From a National Representative Survey
Authors: Signorelli Marcos Claudio , de Souza Felipe Granado , Pinheiro Junior Raimundo Valdemy Borges , Valente Juliana , Andreoni Solange , Rezende Leandro Fórnias Machado de , Sanchez Zila Van Der Meer
Published: February 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge in Brazil. The country holds one of the highest rates of femicide in the world, most of which are preceded by IPV. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 34,334 women, aged 18 to 59 years, from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its subtypes among the Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months, encompassing their health consequences and the use of health services resulting from IPV. We also used logistic regression models to estimate the association of sociodemographic characteristics and self-perceived health status with IPV. The prevalence of IPV among Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [7.0, 8.2]). Women aged 18 to 39 years, not married, and with income of up to 1 minimum wage (MW), had higher odds of suffering IPV. Among those who reported health consequences due to IPV, 69% reported psychological consequences, and 13.9% sought health care, mostly in primary or secondary health care services in the Brazilian Unified Health System (41.9%). Regarding the self-perceived health variables, women who reported eating problems (odds ratio [OR]  =  1.29; [1.01, 1.65]), lack of interest/absence of pleasure (OR  =  1.41; [1.11, 1.79]), depressive feelings (OR  =  1.39; [1.03, 1.88]), feeling of failure (OR = 1.75; [1.36, 2.24]), and suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.73; [1.25, 2.41]) had greater odds of reporting IPV compared to those who did not report these same perceptions. The results show that younger, divorced or single, low-income women with eating problems and mental health disorders were more likely to suffer IPV. IPV often led to health problems, and many abused women sought support from public health services. Health professionals must be trained to identify and care for these women, thereby acting as allies in preventing and reducing IPV.
Photocatalytic Ag-ZnO − poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate composite film for translucent coating application
Authors: Ishak Khairul Anwar , Ong Chong-Boon , Mohamed Safian Nur Azmina , Mohamad Annuar Mohamad Suffian
Published: February 2023

Biological elastomer i.e., medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) and its graft copolymer were investigated for reactive coating application. They were composited with silver-doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) to produce films with photocatalytic activities. The activities were assessed from the photodegradation efficiencies of methylene blue, Rhodamine B and Orange II dyes. The PHA composite films demonstrated sustained photocatalytic activities over repeated usage compared to neat PHA. The presence of Ag also inhibits microbial growth on the film surface. The composite film exhibited negligible toxicity effect when tested against Ceriodaphnia dubia. Potential and advantages of Ag-ZnO−PHA composite film in reactive coating applications are discussed.
Experimental analysis of the flexural and compressive properties of carbon fiber reinforced sandwich panels with M-shaped core
Authors: Rostamiyan Yasser
Published: February 2023

The present paper addresses the flexural and compressive properties of carbon fiber reinforced sandwich panels with an M-shaped core reinforced with nan-silica particles. Experimental compression and three-point bending tests are conducted to determine the flexural and compressive stiffness and the load-carrying capacity of these advanced composites. In addition, polyurethane foam has been injected into the core of the sandwich panel. The results of these analyses are compared for the sandwich panels containing the various number of carbon layers, 8-layered carbon fiber and 14-layered carbon fiber. From the experimental results of the study, it was figured out that: (a) The experimental results show that the specific flexural strength of the sandwich panels with 14-layered carbon fiber has a higher strength than that of the sandwich panels with 8-layered carbon fiber. (b) Adding 1–3 weight percentage of nano-silica into the carbon fiber had the most desirable effects on enhancing flexural and compressive strength of the sandwich panels. (c) It was found that polyurethane foam enhanced sandwich panels’ ultimate compressive and bending loads and absorber features.
Longitudinal impact of stressful life events on HIV-related risk and psychosocial problems among MSM in Chennai and Mumbai, India
Authors: Lodge II William , Biello Katie , Thomas Beena , Rawat Shruta , Baruah Dicky , Dange Alpana , Anand Vivek , Swaminathan Soumya , Kumar Senthil , Balu Vinoth , Menon Sunil , O’Cleirigh Conall , Mayer Kenneth H , Safren Steven A , Mimiaga Matthew J
Published: February 2023

Background

Studies show that stressful life events (SLE) (e.g., discrimination, financial problems) can lead to psychosocial problems and exacerbate condomless anal sex (CAS) without protection via pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men. However, few studies have examined this relationship among men who have sex with men in India, and none have examined this longitudinally.

Methods

As a part of an HIV-prevention intervention, 608 MSM from Chennai and Mumbai, India, completed behavioral surveys at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months. We used longitudinal generalized estimating equations (GEE) modeling to examine the relationship between SLE and its severity and subsequent psychosocial problems, CAS, and history of diagnosed sexually transmitted infection (STI). All models are adjusted for age, sexual identity, intervention arm, human immunodeficiency virus status, and recruitment city.

Results

The number of SLE and their corresponding perceived impact score remained consistent at each time point. In multivariable GEE models, the number of SLE was predictive of CAS, depression, and harmful drinking. Similarly, the ratio of the impact of SLE was predictive of CAS, depression, and diagnosed STI. However, harmful drinking was not predictive in this model.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that can inform future interventions, which can be used to enhance self-acceptance, coping skills, and other forms of resiliency.
‘Like the virus just brings out the worst in people’: Positioning and identity in student narratives during the Covid-19 outbreak in Australia
Authors: Hatoss Anikó
Published: February 2023

This paper illustrates how superdiverse youth negotiate their identity in everyday interactions during Australia’s Covid-19 outbreak. The discussion is based on oral narratives collected from classroom conversations among international and local students living in Australia. The paper illustrates how participants position themselves and others in narratives, how these positionings reveal complex identity work among youth from diverse backgrounds and how identities are constructed and negotiated through stories about everyday encounters. Students’ experiences of racism and microaggressions point to interethnic interactions as sites of struggle where identities come into conflict. The paper contributes to current work on identity in narrative discourse and narratives of racism.
Recent advancements in CaFe2O4-based composite: Properties, synthesis, and multiple applications
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Ahmaruzzaman Md
Published: February 2023

Metal ferrites like nickel ferrite, copper ferrite, zinc ferrite, cobalt ferrite, and other ferrites are highly abundant and used as catalysts in various transformations. However, CaFe2O4 is the most abundant alkali metal ferrite, which is eco-friendly and non-toxic. CaFe2O4 is a superparamagnetic material that can be easily recovered from the reaction media due to its magnetic properties. Therefore, it has been widely used in numerous applications, such as dye degradation, removal of heavy metal ions, transesterification reaction, gas sensing, photocatalytic water splitting, drug delivery, etc. In this review, (1) magnetic properties and crystal structure of spinal CaFe2O4 are discussed, (2) potential applications of CaFe2O4 are discussed, and (3) various synthesis techniques of CaFe2O4 are demonstrated. CaFe2O4 shows photocatalytic properties due to its narrow band gap (1.9 eV), abundant functional group, and high surface area. It is found that CaFe2O4 possesses a remarkable potential for energy and environmental remediation. In this review, we have added the photocatalytic mechanism of various pollutants. At last, future perspectives are given for developing novel, sustainable CaFe2O4 or CaFe2O4-based nanocomposite.
Dual extended state observer–based prescribed performance control of output-constrained hydraulic-driven barrel pitching servo system
Authors: Wei Yukai , Qian Linfang , Zou Quan , Chen Longmiao , Yin Qiang
Published: February 2023

This research focuses on the position-tracking control of the output-constrained hydraulic-driven barrel pitching servo system with partial unknown states, strong nonlinearities, and huge model uncertainties. Based on the established nonlinear dynamic model of the hydraulic-driven barrel pitching servo system, a dual extended state observer–based prescribed performance dynamic surface control approach is proposed. The dual extended state observer is developed to simultaneously estimate the angular velocity, mismatched lumped uncertainty in the velocity dynamic channel, and matched lumped uncertainty in the pressure dynamic channel. A novel barrier Lyapunov function–inspired error transformation function contributes to the integration of the prescribed performance control into the backstepping controller and circumvents the complex logarithmic calculation caused by the traditional error transformation function. The prescribed performance control scheme restrains the tracking error within the constraint boundaries in the entire moving process. Dual uncertainty compensation is added to the prescribed performance control scheme to further improve the control performance of the hydraulic-driven barrel pitching servo system. The dynamic surface control technique is applied in the last step of the controller design to prevent the ‘differential explosion’ in the traditional backstepping controller. The theoretical stability and convergence of the proposed controller are proved in the sense of Lyapunov, and the practical effectiveness of the dual extended state observer–based prescribed performance dynamic surface control is verified via extensive comparative experiments.
Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine can affect milk supply: Advice to breastfeeding mothers
Authors: Naughton Sharna , O’Hara Kate , Nelson Jarren , Keightley Philip
Published: February 2023

Objective

We sought to review the effects of Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonist (DRPA) antipsychotic medications on milk supply and breastfeeding.

Method

Narrative review of selected literature including animal and human data.

Results

Scant case study evidence suggests that DRPAs may lead to reduced milk supply for some.

Conclusions

Women taking DRPAs should be advised of the possibility that these may affect milk supply, and reporting should be encouraged to aid future research.
Playing the Business Angel: The Impact of Well-Known Business Angels on Venture Performance
Authors: Blaseg Daniel , Hornuf Lars
Published: February 2023

People well known to the general public are increasingly acting as business angels (BAs) for young and innovative ventures worldwide. These BAs are less known for their venture evaluation skills and often do not have a professional reputation as investors. The signaling function of these well-known investors could therefore be less relevant for founders because of a limited quality assurance function. Nonetheless, a venture’s affiliation with a well-known BA may still positively alter the quality perceptions of various stakeholders because the BAs can put their reputation in other areas of life at risk, provide an easy-to-interpret and fluent cue to the general public, and improve the observability of the signal. Using a sample of more than 2,900 early-stage ventures that made a venture pitch during the Canadian, German, U.K., and U.S. versions of the reality TV show Dragons’ Den, we find that BAs’ degree of being known has a positive impact on target firm survival, web traffic, and sales. The impact of BAs’ general degree of being known is particularly strong if the congruency between the investors and the target ventures is high. These effects exist over and above potential selection effects, the professional reputation of the BA, and the greater financial resources of a funded venture. The empirical findings indicate that well-known BAs can have a positive effect on venture performance and that founders should consider not only the professional reputation of BAs but also the degree to which they are known to a general audience.
Parental Bereavement in Older age: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Wright Patricia Moyle , Farrell Marian
Published: February 2023

Parental bereavement is often considered one of the most harrowing life experiences. Yet, little is known about losing an adult child in older age. In this qualitative, descriptive study, nine interviews lasting 45 to 120 minutes were conducted with parents who were 65 years or older at the time of their adult child's death. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by two researchers independently. Four main themes were identified: disbelief, injustice, uncertainty, and readjustment. The themes were then compared and contrasted with the extant literature to support validity of the findings. The results have implications for future research and practice.