bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P450 1B1 Is Critical for Neointimal Growth in Wire‐Injured Carotid Artery of Male Mice
Authors: Mukherjee Kamalika , Song Chi Young , Estes Anne M. , Dhodi Ahmad N. , Ormseth Benjamin H. , Shin Ji Soo , Gonzalez Frank J. , Malik Kafait U.
Published: September 2018

Background

We have reported that cytochrome P450 1B1 (
CYP
1B1), expressed in cardiovascular tissues, contributes to angiotensin
II
–induced vascular smooth muscle cell (
VSMC
) migration and proliferation and development of hypertension in various experimental animal models via generation of reactive oxygen species. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of
CYP
1B1 to platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB–induced
VSMC
migration and proliferation in vitro and to neointimal growth in vivo.

Methods and Results

VSMC
s isolated from aortas of male
Cyp1b1

+/+

and
Cyp1b1

−/−

mice were used for in vitro experiments. Moreover, carotid arteries of
Cyp1b1

+/+

and
Cyp1b1

−/−

mice were injured with a metal wire to assess neointimal growth after 14 days. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐
BB
–induced migration and proliferation and H
2
O
2
production were found to be attenuated in
VSMC
s from
Cyp1b1

−/−

mice and in
VSMC
s of
Cyp1b1

+/+

mice treated with 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl, a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic. In addition, wire injury resulted in neointimal growth, as indicated by increased intimal area, intima/media ratio, and percentage area of restenosis, as well as elastin disorganization and adventitial collagen deposition in carotid arteries of
Cyp1b1

+/+

mice, which were minimized in
Cyp1b1

−/−

mice. Wire injury also increased infiltration of inflammatory and immune cells, as indicated by expression of
CD
68
+
macrophages and
CD
3
+
T cells, respectively, in the injured arteries of
Cyp1b1

+/+

mice, but not
Cyp1b1

−/−

mice. Administration of 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl attenuated neointimal growth in wire‐injured carotid arteries of
Cyp1b1

+/+

mice.

Conclusions

These data suggest that
CYP
1B1‐dependent oxidative stress contributes to the neointimal growth caused by wire injury of carotid arteries of male mice.
Tritium Assay by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Authors: LEIBMAN JACK , GOTCH FRANK A. , EDELMAN ISIDORE S.
Published: September 2018

Data have been presented which indicate that the liquid scintillation spectrometer provides a convenient and accurate method for the assay of tritium in body fluids. By means of arterial disappearance curves and comparative measurements of concentrations in plasma, transudates, and cerebrospinal fluid from 1 to 6 hours after simultaneous injection, the distribution rates of tritiated water were compared to those of deuterium oxide. No significant difference was found in the behavior of these tracers under the conditions of this study. It is concluded, therefore, that THO and D
2
O are equally reliable for studies on the kinetics of water distribution and for the measurement of total body water.
Evaluation of decentralization and commercialization in the urban water sector of Yemen
Authors: Al-Saidi Mohammad
Published: September 2018

The article analyzes decentralization and commercialization reforms in the Yemeni urban water and sanitation sector. The case study shows that sector reforms to increase the performance and independence of water utilities in developing countries can become entangled in conflicting political agendas, leading to the derailing of reforms. The reform process in the Yemeni case is presented as part of sector-wide policy change due to increasing scarcity, supply crises, and pressure from donors. A measurement framework for the level of decentralization and commercialization of water utilities is developed and applied. The future reform pathways are outlined, giving consideration to the current political reality in Yemen.

Points for practitioners

Water decentralization reforms need to follow technical considerations regarding the capacity and independence of utilities in order to enhance any positive impacts of decentralization. Institutional conflicts are difficult to tackle during an ongoing reform process, particularly in a context of corruption, politicization, and state fragility. There is a need for more context-specific reform agendas and better strategies to deal with conflicts and shield utilities from political interference. Further, effective commercialization requires a level of accountability at the local level and improved capacities of staff. Such capacities can be enhanced through trainings ahead of reforms.
Strong Brand From Consumers’ Perspective: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Li Chenchen , Li Dongmei , Chiu Chi-Yue , Peng Siqing
Published: September 2018

The present research investigates cross-cultural differences in the characteristics associated with brand strength evaluation and the mechanism underlying these cultural differences. Using data from the United States and China, we found that American consumers judge brands with personal characteristics to be stronger than those with relational characteristics, while Chinese consumers show a reversed pattern. Furthermore, cultural differences in brand strength evaluation were salient only when consumers rated brands that were connected with their self-concepts, suggesting that cultural differences in brand strength evaluation ensue from consumers’ internalized preferences. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for branding management and understanding the mechanism through which culture influences individual behaviors.
The Mutational Profile of Unicystic Ameloblastoma
Authors: Heikinheimo K. , Huhtala J.-M. , Thiel A. , Kurppa K.J. , Heikinheimo H. , Kovac M. , Kragelund C. , Warfvinge G. , Dawson H. , Elenius K. , Ristimäki A. , Baumhoer D. , Morgan P.R.
Published: September 2018

BRAF V600E is the most common mutation in conventional ameloblastoma (AM) of the mandible. In contrast, maxillary AMs appear to harbor more frequently RAS, FGFR2, or SMO mutations. Unicystic ameloblastoma (UAM) is considered a less aggressive variant of ameloblastoma, amenable to more conservative treatment, and classified as a distinct entity. The aim of this study was to characterize the mutation profile of UAM ( n = 39) and to compare it to conventional AM ( n = 39). The associations between mutation status and recurrence probability were also analyzed. In the mandible, 94% of UAMs (29/31, including 8/8 luminal, 6/8 intraluminal, and 15/15 mural subtypes) and 74% of AMs (28/38) revealed BRAF V600E mutations. Among the BRAF wild-type cases, 1 UAM showed a missense SMO mutation (p.L412F), whereas 2 NRAS (p.Q61R), 2 HRAS (p.Q61R), and 2 FGFR2 (p.C383R) activating mutations were identified in AM. Of the 3 maxillary UAMs, only 1 revealed a BRAF V600E mutation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate high frequency of activating BRAF V600E mutations in both UAM and AM of the mandible. In maxillary UAMs, the BRAF V600E mutation prevalence appears to be lower as was shown for AM previously. It could therefore be argued that UAM and AM are part of the spectrum of the same disease. AMs without BRAF V600E mutations were associated with an increased rate of local recurrence ( P = 0.0003), which might indicate that routine mutation testing also has an impact on prognosis.
Cost-effectiveness of the Hall Technique in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Krois J. , Robertson M. , Splieth C. , Santamaria R. , Innes N.
Published: September 2018

Clinical and patient-reported outcomes were reported for carious primary molars treated with the Hall technique (HT) as compared with conventional carious tissue removal and restorations (i.e., conventional restoration [CR]) in a 5-y randomized controlled practice-based trial in Scotland. We interrogated this data set further to investigate the cost-effectiveness of HT versus CR. A total of 132 children who had 2 matched occlusal/occlusal-proximal carious lesions in primary molars ( n = 264 teeth) were randomly allocated to HT or CR, provided by 17 general dental practitioners. Molars were followed up for a mean 5 y. A societal perspective was taken for the economic analysis. Direct dental treatment costs were estimated from a Scottish NHS perspective (an NHS England perspective was taken for a sensitivity analysis). Initial, maintenance, and retreatment costs, including rerestorations, endodontic treatments, and extractions, were estimated with fee items. Indirect/opportunity costs were estimated with time and travel costs from a UK perspective. The primary outcome was tooth survival. Secondary outcomes included 1) not having pain or needing endodontic treatments/extractions and 2) not needing rerestorations. Cost-effectiveness and acceptability were estimated from bootstrapped samples. Significantly more molars in HT survived (99%, 95% CI: 98% to 100%) than in CR (92%; 87% to 97%). Also, the proportion of molars retained without pain or requiring endodontic treatment/extraction was significantly higher in HT than CR. In the base case analysis (NHS Scotland perspective), cumulative direct dental treatment costs (Great British pound [GBP]) of HT were 24 GBP (95% CI: 23 to 25); costs for CR were 29 (17 to 46). From an NHS England perspective, the cost advantage of HT (29 GBP; 95% CI: 25 to 34) over CR (107; 86 to 127) was more pronounced. Indirect/opportunity costs were significantly lower for HT (8 GBP; 95% CI: 7 to 9) than CR (19; 16 to 23). Total cumulative costs were significantly lower for HT (32 GBP; 95% CI: 31 to 34) than CR (49; 34 to 69). Based on a long-term practice-based trial, HT was more cost-effective than CR with HT retained for longer and experiencing less complications at lower costs.
Posttraumatic Growth Experiences of Syrian Refugees After War
Authors: Şimşir Zeynep , Dilmaç Bülent , Özteke Kozan Hatice İrem
Published: September 2018

War is a type of trauma that humans have experienced for centuries. Today, the civil war in Syria affects millions of people’s lives deeply and is forcing civilians to migrate to other countries. The aim of the current study is to reveal how Syrian refugees cope with war trauma, what kinds of social support they get, and what posttraumatic growth experiences they have shown. Fifteen Syrian refugees who migrated from Syria to Turkey due to the war and witnessed the war participated in this study. Data were collected through interviews. In analyzing the data, a content analysis was used by creating themes and categories. Themes created include coping strategies, social support, learned pain experiences, relating to others, new possibilities, spiritual change, and changed priorities. These results show that after a traumatic experience, great changes can occur in people’s life. Findings are discussed and recommendations are given in line with the literature.
Empiricising and Substantiating Alfred Adler’s Theory of Child Molestation
Authors: Shon Leah C. J. , Shon Phillip C.
Published: September 2018

Alfred Adler diagnosed and treated offenders who committed sex crimes against persons and objects. Although he formulated clinical judgments about the causes of sexual deviance and paraphilia (e.g., lack of social interest), he did not elaborate on the variations that exist within the class of adult child molesters and their behavioral characteristics. In this article, we build on the initial observations that Adler made about the personality characteristics of sex offenders by analyzing the offense behaviors of male-on-male child molesters using the archival accounts of the “perversion files” released by The Boy Scouts of America between 1960s and 1990s. We link the offenders’ offense characteristics—how adult child molesters go about committing their sex crimes against boy victims—to their personality characteristics, thereby providing an empirical bite to the claims that Adler made from his examination of numerous patients. We demonstrate how the conclusions that Adler inferred about adult child molesters—that they possess a distorted private logic, enact a false sense of courage and heroism, and act cowardly—are embodied in their offense characteristics.
Love or Comprehension? Exploring Strategies for Children’s Prosocial Media Effects
Authors: Mares Marie-Louise , Bonus James Alex , Peebles Alanna
Published: September 2018

Given children’s difficulty comprehending prosocial narratives, we examined strategies to bypass comprehension (affiliative priming) and reduce cognitive burden (simplified lessons, adult scaffolding). In Study 1, one hundred seven 3- to 5-year-olds watched a prosocial narrative (helping vs. waiting) with affective primes (loving vs. funny) or a control narrative. Comprehension was low and behavioral outcomes were unaffected by lesson or prime. In Study 2, sixty-four 3- to 5-year-olds watched shorter stimuli (1-minute song videos) about loving or helping others. Those in the helping condition helped more, but the loving condition did not differ from a no-exposure control. In Study 3, 636 parents of 2- to 10-year-olds were surveyed about a time their child showed prosocial responses to media. Over 70% recalled an instance, a third of which involved songs. Reported response duration was positively predicted by family discussions after exposure (rather than at the time), including explicating the lessons and giving timely reminders/praise.
The effects of party identification on perceptions of pledge fulfilment: Evidence from Portugal
Authors: Belchior Ana Maria
Published: September 2018

Empirical research has found that, despite citizens’ perceptions to the contrary, political parties tend to deliver on their campaign promises. What are the reasons for this mismatch between perceptions and performance? Research to date has paid insufficient attention to the reasons for such a mismatch, neglecting the effects of political predispositions such as party identification and sympathy for the government. This article argues that it is such political predispositions that cause biased perceptions of pledge fulfilment. Bias towards perceiving pledges as unfulfilled is expected to be higher for voters whose political predispositions are more unfavourable to government. The argument is supported by data on Portuguese voters and party manifestos in the 2011 election, contributing to better understanding of the mechanisms of political accountability.
Primary surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot at under three months of age
Authors: Ho Andrew B , Bharucha Tara , Jones Eleanor , Thuraisingham Justin , Kaarne Markku , Viola Nicola
Published: September 2018

Background

Classical management of small infants with tetralogy of Fallot has involved placement of a Blalock-Taussig shunt followed later by complete repair, rather than primary complete repair which is the strategy adopted in larger infants. Some advantages of early complete repair compared to a staged strategy have been shown. We sought to review our institutional outcomes.

Methods

Patients under 3-months old undergoing complete surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in our institution between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed and compared with an older control group matched by anatomical diagnosis and outflow tract intervention.

Results

Fourteen index cases (group A) and 14 controls (group B) were identified. At surgery, the median age was 43 days and weight 4.2 kg in group A, and 130 days and 6.1 kg in group B. Nine of 14 in group A were admitted for surgery as emergencies compared to none in group B. Peak inotrope score (22.3 vs. 12.8, p = 0.02) and intensive care unit stay (4.4 vs. 2.6 days, p = 0.02) were higher in group A. Bypass and crossclamp times, duration of intubation, and total length of stay did not differ.

Conclusions

We conclude that although babies undergoing early repair of tetralogy of Fallot have an increased need for intensive care support in the early postoperative period, the total length of stay is not prolonged despite more emergency admissions. As it is known that early repair may reduce long-term morbidity, we propose consideration of earlier complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
The dilemma between the pro-market and the pro-poor local economic development approaches in the democratic South Africa: Theoretical perspective
Authors: Lukhele Themba , Madzivhandila Thanyani
Published: September 2018

Since the advent of the democratic government in 1994, there has been a serious contestation over the meaning and implications of local economic development in South Africa. Central to the debates has been on whether local economic development initiatives should take pro-market or pro-poor approach in the local government. To this end, the critical divide has been between those who believe that the local government should provide a direct solution by supporting projects for job creation and those who advocate for an indirect solution in terms of creating an enabling environment for local economic development. The article therefore argues that the pro-market local economic development approach often limit the local control of economic activities and resources, instead it is seen to perpetuate an exclusive economy. Against this background, the article applies the Economic Base and the Location Theories to explain, from a theoretical perspective, why the pro-market approach for local economic development planning in the democratic South Africa is preferable in the expense of the pro-poor approach. The article concludes that the pro-market local economic development approach is incapable of creating the inclusive local economies and lacks the determination for the realisation of real potential and competitive advantages for addressing local needs of the poor people.
Cohesive zone modeling of the autoclave pressure effect on the delamination behavior of composite laminates
Authors: Chang Tengfei , Zhan Lihua , Tan Wei , Wu Xintong
Published: September 2018

Current manufacturing processes using resin transfer molding or low-pressure prepreg curing may result in different defects and interfacial properties. The effect of autoclave pressure on the delamination behavior of T800/X850 composite laminates is explored. Cohesive zone model was used to model the delamination of unidirectional composite laminates under short-beam bending. Composites with various interlaminar properties were manufactured using autoclave under cure pressure from 0 MPa to 0.6 MPa. Cohesive zone model was validated using the material parameters of the composite cured under 0.6 MPa. The effect of cohesive zone model parameters including cohesive strength, mode I fracture toughness ([Formula: see text]), and mode II fracture toughness ([Formula: see text]) on the delamination behavior and load–displacement response was investigated. Parametric study shows that interlaminar cohesive strength and mode II fracture toughness dominated the initiation of yield and post-yield region, respectively. The correlation between autoclave pressure and mode II fracture toughness was predicted, which is mainly affected by void content.
Design and analysis of switchable magnetic polarity bistable energy harvester
Authors: Satpute Nitin Vijay , Jugulkar Lalitkumar M , Satpute Sarika Nitin , Khot Siddappa M
Published: September 2018

Multistable vibration harvesters that involve repelling magnet force result in improved efficiency over a wider bandwidth in comparison to the conventional resonant devices. However, the dynamic performance of the vibration harvester can be further improved by switching the magnetic force polarity to ensure pull force on the mass as it moves towards the mean position. In the presented work, the design and analysis of a switching polarity bistable harvester has been presented, which changes the magnetic interaction polarity in order to improve power output as well as efficient operational bandwidth. An innovative mechanism has been developed to operate the harvester with switching polarity for higher base acceleration amplitude. The proposed design has integrated switchable polarity magnetic interaction and rotary electric generator which is driven by a compound gear train in the conventional spring-mass harvester. Analytical and numerical simulations have been formulated to illustrate efficient operational characteristics over the operating frequency band and to determine the optimum electrical damping coefficient. Effects of magnetic interaction force, the inertia of the switching mechanism and gears have been considered in the numerical analysis. A prototype delivered the peak power of 1.49 W at the resonance frequency and exhibited 50% increase in power in comparison to fixed polarity design.
A novel control strategy for the multi-step straightening process of long/extra-long linear guideways
Authors: Zhang Yongquan , Lu Hong , Zhang Xinbao , Ling He , Fan Wei , Wei Qinyu , Lian Yang
Published: September 2018

The straightening process for a linear guideway with particular cross-section shape is normally conducted by the three-point pressure bending method. However, the single-step straightening process (SSSP) of a long/extra-long linear guideway may make the workpiece from a single-curvature curve into a more complex shape. Due to these limitations of SSSP, a quantitative control strategy for the multi-step straightening process (MSSP) of a long/extra-long linear guideway is proposed in this paper based on the straightening principle of SSSP. Firstly, the predictive models for straightening stroke and helix angle after unloading with respect to SSSP are developed based on the elasto-plastic theory and curvature integral model. Depending on the established analytical model for SSSP, the MSSP is then mathematically modelled to obtain corresponding straightening parameters considering feeding process, clamping process and straightening process. Besides, the finite element method has been applied to validate the developed mathematical model for the MSSP. Taking the approach of a linear guideway as an example, the experimental results have also shown that the proposed control strategy is appropriate for the MSSP of a long/extra-long linear guideway.
Who Is the Better Eyewitness? Sometimes Adults but at Other Times Children
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Howe Mark L. , Merckelbach Harald , Muris Peter
Published: September 2018

Suggestibility is regarded as a major issue when children testify in court. Many legal professionals and memory researchers view children as inferior witnesses. Although differences in suggestibility exist between children and adults, they are much more complex than is usually assumed. We show that under certain conditions, adults are more susceptible than children to suggestion and false memories. We provide evidence that age-related shifts in suggestibility and false memory appear contingent on how quickly and automatically children and adults make associations when experiencing events. Specifically, when confronted with suggestive information about a related but nonexperienced detail, adults more frequently automatically generate links between items experienced and those already in memory, making them more susceptible to suggestion than children.
Family-Based Social Health Insurance for Informal Workers in Vietnam: Willingness to Pay and Its Determinants
Authors: Thi Thuy Nga Nguyen , FitzGerald Gerard , Dunne Michael P.
Published: September 2018

The study aimed to assess willingness to pay for family-based social health insurance and its determining factors among informal workers in Vietnam. A double-bounded dichotomous choice approach was used to elicit the willingness to pay of 391 heads of uninsured households. The study indicates that 48.8% of 391 uninsured households were willing to pay for family-based health insurance. The households were willing to pay about 921.9 thousand Vietnamese dongs per household per year (US$42). The factors that significantly affected willingness to pay were household income, number of uninsured members in a household, and sickness of the household head. The study suggests that a feasible premium for family-based health insurance supported by government subsidy, along with attention to the quality improvements of health services, could be an effective means to increase coverage among the informal sector workers.
Unpacking Social Isolation in Men’s Suicidality
Authors: Oliffe John L. , Broom Alex , Popa Michaela , Jenkins Emily K. , Rice Simon M. , Ferlatte Olivier , Rossnagel Emma
Published: September 2018

Social isolation has featured as a significant and oftentimes all-encompassing risk factor for male suicide, yet, as an explanatory mechanism, it has not been unpacked in terms of what it constitutes in everyday life. The current photovoice study explores the various dimensions of the lived experience of social isolation, as embedded in accounts of suicidality drawn from 35 Canadian men. Study participants narrated the following factors as underpinning their social isolation: (a) family dysfunction and estrangement, (b) marginality and feeling like misfits at school and work, (c) alienation and provisional acceptance of health care, (d) ineffectual and self-harming management, (e) intrusive dislocating thoughts, and (f) society’s burdensome and immoral subjects. These interwoven but discrete spheres provide a means for understanding the phenomenology of social isolation and a basis for melding ideas about connectedness, relationality, personal history, and care, along with strategies to support and reduce men’s suicidality.
Youth Cognition Surrounding Bullying of Peers With Disabilities: Inclusion, Intervention, and the Role of the Group
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , McMillian Lauren , Irvin Matthew J. , Carlson Ryan G.
Published: September 2018

Children with disabilities often experience high rates of bullying, teasing, and social exclusion and these experiences are related to a host of negative outcomes for children who are victimized by these forms of bias-based bullying. Little is known, however, about children’s cognition regarding bullying and exclusion of youth with disabilities. The current study measured children’s (9- to 10- and 11- to 12-year-olds; N = 90) social cognition regarding bullying and exclusion of peers with different types of disabilities. Results revealed that children’s expectations of how inclusive their peers would be toward youth with disabilities were related to participants’ own inclusion expectations and that male participants and those who reported greater levels of frustration were less likely to expect that they would include peers with disabilities. Furthermore, participants’ moral judgments about the harmful nature of bullying and their own rates of aggressive behavior were associated with their likelihood of intervening if they observed youth with disabilities being victimized. Finally, results indicated variation in types of intervention behaviors children expected to employ. The findings indicate that youth recognize the importance of challenging bullying and exclusion of youth with disabilities, but that they are also influenced by their perceptions of peer responses.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Observational Parent–Child Interaction Data
Authors: Richmond Sally , Schwartz Orli , Johnson Katherine A. , Seal Marc L. , Bray Katherine , Deane Camille , Sheeber Lisa B. , Allen Nicholas B. , Whittle Sarah
Published: September 2018

The majority of studies using observational coding systems for family interaction data derive scales describing family members’ behaviors based on rational/theoretical approaches. This study explored an empirical approach to identifying the component structure of parent–child observational data that incorporated the affective context of the interaction. Dyads of 155 typically developing 8-year-olds and their mothers completed questionnaires and two interaction tasks, one each designed to illicit positive and negative interactions. Behaviors were coded based on a modified version of the Family Interaction Macro-coding System. Multiple factor analysis identified four-component solutions for the maternal and child data. For both, two of the components included negative behaviors, one positive behavior, and one communicative behavior. Evidence for the validity of the maternal and child components was demonstrated by associations with child depression and anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems. Preliminary evidence supports an empirical approach to identify context-specific components in parent–child observational data.
Properties of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics Across Sex, Level of Familiarity, and Interpersonal Conflict
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Harrison Alana L. , Amole Marlissa , Girard Jeffrey M. , Wright Aidan G. C. , Thomas Katherine M. , Sadler Pamela , Ansell Emily B. , Chaplin Tara M. , Morey Leslie C. , Crowley Michael J. , Emily Durbin C. , Kashy Deborah A.
Published: September 2018

The Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) is a method in which trained observers continuously code the dominance and warmth of individuals who interact with one another in dyads. This method has significant promise for assessing dynamic interpersonal processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of individual sex, dyadic familiarity, and situational conflict on patterns of interpersonal warmth, dominance, and complementarity as assessed via CAID. We used six samples with 603 dyads, including two samples of unacquainted mixed-sex undergraduates interacting in a collaborative task, two samples of couples interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks, and two samples of mothers and children interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks. Complementarity effects were robust across all samples, and individuals tended to be relatively warm and dominant. Results from multilevel models indicated that women were slightly warmer than men, whereas there were no sex differences in dominance. Unfamiliar dyads and dyads interacting in more collaborative tasks were relatively warmer, more submissive, and more complementary on warmth but less complementary on dominance. These findings speak to the utility of the CAID method for assessing interpersonal dynamics and provide norms for researchers who use the method for different types of samples and applications.
Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Program
Authors: Ridderinkhof Anna , de Bruin Esther I. , van den Driesschen Sanne , Bögels Susan M.
Published: September 2018

Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention. Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), with self-regulation of attention as a basic component, could benefit these children. Method: We investigated how 49 children with ASD differed from 51 typically developing (TD) children in their attention systems; and whether their attention systems were improved by an MBP for children and their parents (MYmind), using a cognitive measure of attention, the Attention Network Test. Results: Children with ASD did not differ from TD children in the speed of the attention systems, but were somewhat less accurate in their orienting and executive attention. Also, MYmind did not significantly improve attention, although trend effects indicated improved orienting and executive attention. Robustness checks supported these improvements. Conclusion: Trend effects of the MBP on the attention systems of children with ASD were revealed, as well as minor differences between children with ASD and TD children in their attention systems.
Dutch-Moroccan Girls Navigating Public Space: Wandering as an Everyday Spatial Practice
Authors: Wijntuin Patricia , Koster Martijn
Published: September 2018

Based on qualitative research among female Dutch-Moroccan teenagers in two underprivileged neighborhoods in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands, this article focuses on the spatial practices of young Muslim women in public space. Compared to their male counterparts, who “hang around” in groups, female teens spend less time in public space. We focus on girls’ “wandering practices” through the neighborhood, a spatial practice structured by their search for freedom (to spend time outside the home, to talk to friends in private) and by social control (to avoid the presence of young men, to avoid being gossiped about). Our research shows that wandering both decreases their visibility and pushes against gendered cultural norms about women in public space. By analyzing their wandering as a form of social navigation, we show how these teenagers maneuver through both the physical neighborhood and the gendered cultural norms regarding appropriate behavior in public space.
Moss-indoor vertical greenery system design protocol: Using moss as an indoor vertical greenery system in the tropics
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Heng , Neoh Sze A.
Published: September 2018

Indoor vertical greenery systems (iVGSs) are usually linked to drawbacks such as high initial investment and maintenance costs, and possible damage to buildings. Plants may attract insects and mosquitoes, and some release excessive pollen if indoors. Moss gardening might be an alternative solution because bryophytes are environment friendly in conserving water, controlling erosion, filtering hazardous chemicals and rainwater, and sequestering carbon. The aim of this study is to develop a Moss-iVGS design protocol by considering the characteristics of a Moss-iVGS prototype, foliage thickness, and the influence of lighting on moss cultivation in the tropics. A mixed approach combining experiments and a questionnaire survey was adopted. Results show that Moss-iVGS can withstand 45 days of drought without any water supply or regular maintenance. The moss was able to absorb moisture from humid air to maintain its survival. Moss is abundant in nature, easy to maintain, has high aesthetic value, and has numerous environmental benefits in the long run. Conventional VGS drawbacks could be possibly solved or mitigated by Moss-iVGS. Not limited to a pattern, Moss-iVGS could have various types of design such as moss tile and moss carpet for indoor use. Different species of moss could be tested in various indoor environments in a further study to assist commercialization.
Numerical investigation of general and local thermal comfort of an office equipped with radiant panels
Authors: Karacavus Berrin , Aydin Kadir
Published: September 2018

Thermal comfort of an office environment is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of employees. One of the systems used in heating and cooling of offices is the radiant system which can create a thermal environment at acceptable levels. In this study, general and local thermal comfort of an office with a dimension of 3 m × 6 m × 3.5 m, where two manikins are positioned next to each other, are numerically studied with the help of computational fluid dynamics. Two different models were created for analyses. In the first model, the panel was placed below a window whereas in the second it was positioned on the ceiling. For each model, analyses were carried out at different temperatures and with different panel heat fluxes. The compliance of the office’s general and local comfort levels with ISO 7730 was evaluated taking into account results of analyses. The calculation revealed that general and local comfort levels for these models were not in compliance with ISO 7730 when the outside temperature was −10°C. However, when the outside temperature was 3.3°C and 10°C, the general and local thermal values of both models were within acceptable limits.
Dementia and its relationship with suicidality: A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Hodge Gary
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The objective of this literature review and synthesis of data was to consider the presence, drivers, and protectors of suicidality in people diagnosed with dementia. The review also considered what factors represented an increased risk of suicidality. Finally, it reflected on the morality and ethics of choice when discussing dying in dementia.

Method

This article used a critical interpretive synthesis model which interpreted data associated with the subject of suicidality in dementia. A sample frame was used to determine the quality and relevance of extracted data, and finally to construct a critical interpretive synthesis. Data were extracted from eight key papers.

Results

The review and synthesis concluded with eight synthetic constructs, and two concluding synthesised arguments. Argument one was the substantial increased risk of suicidality in people diagnosed with dementia and clinical depression. The second argument was that end-of-life discussions are common place in people with a dementia diagnosis and their families.

Conclusion

Death remains a difficult subject for some to discuss, especially when talking about suicidality. Nevertheless, having these conversations is possible, even when there are added complexities that a dementia diagnosis can bring. These conversations do, however, need to be individualized and measured. And, whilst respecting the person’s pre-morbid wishes, advance decisions and ethics of choice, we also need to consider the ongoing arguments of the ‘right to life’ versus the ‘right to die’. However, before these conversations can take place, additional suicidality risk factors such as a new and early dementia diagnosis and mental health comorbidities such as depression need to be acknowledged and addressed.
Understanding Why Frequent Users of EMS Call 9-1-1: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Mahmuda Sabnam , Wade-Vallance Adam , Stosic Alix , Guenter Dale , Howard Michelle , Agarwal Gina , McLeod Brent , Angeles Ricardo
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Frequent users of emergency medical services (EMS) have disproportionately high 9-1-1 call frequency. Evidence suggests that this small group burdens the health care system, leading to misallocation of already-limited health resources. Aim. To understand frequent users’ perceptions and experiences regarding EMS, as well as the driving factors underlying their frequent use. Method. A grounded theory approach guided our qualitative research process. Participants older than 17 years who called EMS five or more times in the past year were consecutively sampled where each participant was contacted in the order they appeared on our list of potential participants for interviews until data saturation was achieved. Transcripts were analyzed to derive common themes among frequent EMS callers. Results. Frequent EMS calls often resulted from chronic medical conditions creating recurrent crisis situations, mental health issues as well as mobility issues, frequent noninjurious falls, and social isolation. Combined with these factors, perceptions of the purpose of EMS and social circumstances also contributed to the creation of complex health issues that influenced frequent EMS use. These findings can advise the development of future paramedicine programs and health promotion interventions.
Silver Sulfadiazine and Cerium Nitrate in Ischemic Skin Necrosis of the Leg and Foot: Results of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Vitse Julian , Tchero Huidi , Meaume Sylvie , Dompmartin Anne , Malloizel-Delaunay Julie , Géri Chloé , Faure Christine , Herlin Christian , Teot Luc
Published: September 2018

Flammacerium is a topical treatment composed of silver sulfadiazine and cerium nitrate initially used in burns. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of silver sulfadiazine and cerium nitrate on ischemic necrosis wounds of the lower limb as an alternative to amputation for a period of 12 weeks. Patients were prospectively randomized to receive silver sulfadiazine and cerium nitrate or standard care. Patients included adults with an ischemic wound of the lower limb, with necrosis covering over at least 50%. Critical ischemia limb was confirmed by an ankle-brachial index <0.7 or >1.3 with radiological confirmation. Patient demographic data, amputations procedures, wound area, Visual Analogue Scale pain rating, clinical infection, and adverse events were recorded. Fifty patients, 34 males and 16 females, were recruited between January 2010 and April 2014, 25 in each group. The mean age was 75.14 years (±11.64). Nine amputations (36%) occurred in each group. Amputation-free survival was superior in the active treatment group versus the standard group (169 393 days, 95% confidence interval = 134.926-203.861, vs 169 393 days, 95% confidence interval = 134.926-203.861). It was not statistically significant (log-rank, P = .958). Wound area reduction between both groups was not statistically different ( P = .651). Less adverse events of the lower limb occurred in the active treatment group ( P = .001). Our study showed that silver sulfadiazine and cerium nitrate is not inferior to standardized care on ischemic necrotic wounds of the lower extremity. Further studies are still needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Implementing Cognitive Training Into a Surgical Skill Course: A Pilot Study on Laparoscopic Suturing and Knot Tying
Authors: De Witte Benjamin , Di Rienzo Franck , Martin Xavier , Haixia Ye , Collet Christian , Hoyek Nady
Published: September 2018

Mini-invasive surgery—for example, laparoscopy—has challenged surgeons’ skills by extending their usual haptic space and displaying indirect visual feedback through a screen. This may require new mental abilities, including spatial orientation and mental representation. This study aimed to test the effect of cognitive training based on motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) on surgical skills. A total of 28 postgraduate residents in surgery took part in our study and were randomly distributed into 1 of the 3 following groups: (1) the basic surgical skill, which is a short 2-day laparoscopic course + MI + AO group; (2) the basic surgical skill group; and (3) the control group. The MI + AO group underwent additional cognitive training, whereas the basic surgical skill group performed neutral activity during the same time. The laparoscopic suturing and knot tying performance as well as spatial ability and mental workload were assessed before and after the training period. We did not observe an effect of cognitive training on the laparoscopic performance. However, the basic surgical skill group significantly improved spatial orientation performance and rated lower mental workload, whereas the 2 others exhibited lower performance in a mental rotation test. Thus, actual and cognitive training pooled together during a short training period elicited too high a strain, thus limiting potential improvements. Because MI and AO already showed positive outcomes on surgical skills, this issue may, thus, be mitigated according to our specific learning conditions. Distributed learning may possibly better divide and share the strain associated with new surgical skills learning.
Men With a “Woman’s Disease”: Stigmatization of Male Breast Cancer Patients—A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Midding Evamarie , Halbach Sarah Maria , Kowalski Christoph , Weber Rainer , Würstlein Rachel , Ernstmann Nicole
Published: September 2018

Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and known as a typical woman’s disease. This study is part of the N-MALE project (Male breast cancer: patient’s needs in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up-care) and aims to investigate how MBC patients (MBCP) feel about suffering from a “woman’s disease,” what character the stigmatization has, and how it can be prospectively reduced. Therefore, a mixed methods design is applied including data of N = 27 qualitative interviews with MBCP and quantitative data of N = 100 MBCP. Findings identify a diverse picture, as stigmatization varies between contexts and patients: Most stigmatization concentrates on sexual stigmatization and ignorance of MBC and mostly occurs in cancer care systems and work-related contexts. The level of stigmatization varies with age and amount of treatment methods received, as reported within the created typology of different MBCP stigma types. To prospectively reduce stigmatization in MBCP, more publicity of MBC is needed, as well as gender-neutral communication and information material.
From Intention to Action: Nurses as Policy Advocates for Asthma Care in Schools
Authors: McCabe Ellen M. , Connolly Cynthia
Published: September 2018

Nurses are familiar with policy at the federal, state, local, and institutional levels, but drafting a policy memo might be new to some. School nurses may have an interest in writing a health policy memo on their own, with colleagues, as part of a nursing organization, or with students who are interested in learning about policy development, school health, and safety. The intention of writing a policy memo is to offer a concisely written analysis of an issue, including background, landscape, and available options, along with recommendations for action to persons in authority, such as congressmen, senators, local officials, or school boards. The first section of this article serves as an exemplar of a policy memo, using the public health topic of asthma. Next, the article focuses on barriers to policy development for this condition in schools and offers selected strategies to address those barriers. While a discourse concerning barriers is not a typical component of a policy memo, this section shows how school nurses can draw on evidence to consider the best way to make positive change. To construct a sturdy argument for change, school nurses need to appreciate potential counterarguments, which is why this exemplar is included.
Implementing MH-TIPS: A Growing Need for Mental Health Services for School-Age Children
Authors: Weaver Christy , Rogers Karen , Gomez Michael , Gilder Richard , Yoder-Wise Patricia S.
Published: September 2018

The number of children diagnosed with mental and behavioral health issues is increasing each year. Early identification and intervention for these issues are vital to improving long-term outcomes. School nurses are among the frontline healthcare providers for school-age children, screening and coordinating care for multiple physical and mental health conditions. This article describes the implementation of a national mental health online training program at a local district. Outcomes of the implementation project and implications for school nurses are discussed.
School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Friedman Kenneth J. , Mattey Beth , Newton Faith
Published: September 2018

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness that is defined and diagnosed by its symptoms: extreme fatigue made worse by physical and mental activity, pain and decreased mental stamina, among others. A long-held, erroneous belief that ME/CFS is not a physiological illness has persisted among some clinicians, leading to the denial of a patient’s physical illness and attributing the symptoms to other causes. The debilitating effects of ME/CFS in the pediatric population can affect all aspects of academic, social, emotional, and physical development. ME/CFS has been diagnosed in children younger than 10 years. Therefore, the school nurse is likely to encounter one or more students in the various stages of this disease, putting the school nurse in a position to ameliorate the impact of this potentially devastating chronic condition.