bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of SOX9 expression in developing entheses adjacent to intramembranous bone
Authors: Kitamura Asahi , Yamamoto Masahito , Hirouchi Hidetomo , Watanabe Genji , Taniguchi Shuichiro , Sekiya Sayo , Ishizuka Satoshi , Jeong Juhee , Higa Kazunari , Yamashita Shuichiro , Abe Shinichi
Published: May 2024

Entheses are classified into three types: fibrocartilaginous, fibrous, and periosteal insertions. However, the mechanism behind the development of fibrous entheses and periosteal insertions remains unclear. Since both entheses are part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this study analyzes the TMJ entheses. Here, we show that SOX9 expression is negatively regulated during TMJ enthesis development, unlike fibrocartilage entheses which are modularly formed by SCX and SOX9 positive progenitors. The TMJ entheses was adjacent to the intramembranous bone rather than cartilage. SOX9 expression was diminished during TMJ enthesis development. To clarify the functional role of Sox9 in the development of TMJ entheses, we examined these structures in TMJ using Wnt1Cre;Sox9flox/+ reporter mice. Wnt1Cre;Sox9flox/+ mice showed enthesial deformation at the TMJ. Next, we also observed a diminished SOX9 expression area at the enthesis in contact with the clavicle’s membranous bone portion, similar to the TMJ entheses. Together, these findings reveal that the timing of SOX9 expression varies with the ossification development mode.
Investigating the relationship of government revenue and expenditure on economic growth using a generalized method of moments: Does state-level panel ensure sustainable growth?
Authors: Sumandeep  , Kiran Ravi , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

The current research project investigates the correlation between economic growth, government spending, and public revenue in seventeen Indian states spanning the years 1990 to 2020. An analysis of the relationship between key fiscal policy variables and economic growth was conducted utilising a panel data approach, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS & DOLS) estimation. In our investigation, we assessed the impacts of non-tax revenue, development plan expenditure, tax revenue, and development non-plan expenditure on (i) the net state domestic product (NSDP) and (ii) the NSDP per capita. The findings indicate that the selected fiscal variables are significantly related. The results indicate that expeditious expansion of the fiscal sector is obligatory to stimulate economic growth in India and advance the actual development of the economies of these states.
Speech, voice, and language outcomes following deep brain stimulation: A systematic review
Authors: Tabari Fatemeh , Berger Joel I. , Flouty Oliver , Copeland Brian , Greenlee Jeremy D. , Johari Karim
Published: May 2024

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) reliably ameliorates cardinal motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). However, the effects of DBS on speech, voice and language have been inconsistent and have not been examined comprehensively in a single study.

Objective

We conducted a systematic analysis of literature by reviewing studies that examined the effects of DBS on speech, voice and language in PD and ET.

Methods

A total of 675 publications were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases. Based on our selection criteria, 90 papers were included in our analysis. The selected publications were categorized into four subcategories: Fluency, Word production, Articulation and phonology and Voice quality.

Results

The results suggested a long-term decline in verbal fluency, with more studies reporting deficits in phonemic fluency than semantic fluency following DBS. Additionally, high frequency stimulation, left-sided and bilateral DBS were associated with worse verbal fluency outcomes. Naming improved in the short-term following DBS-ON compared to DBS-OFF, with no long-term differences between the two conditions. Bilateral and low-frequency DBS demonstrated a relative improvement for phonation and articulation. Nonetheless, long-term DBS exacerbated phonation and articulation deficits. The effect of DBS on voice was highly variable, with both improvements and deterioration in different measures of voice.

Conclusion

This was the first study that aimed to combine the outcome of speech, voice, and language following DBS in a single systematic review. The findings revealed a heterogeneous pattern of results for speech, voice, and language across DBS studies, and provided directions for future studies.
Explainable machine learning approach for cancer prediction through binarilization of RNA sequencing data
Authors: Chen Tianjie , Kabir Md Faisal
Published: May 2024

In recent years, researchers have proven the effectiveness and speediness of machine learning-based cancer diagnosis models. However, it is difficult to explain the results generated by machine learning models, especially ones that utilized complex high-dimensional data like RNA sequencing data. In this study, we propose the binarilization technique as a novel way to treat RNA sequencing data and used it to construct explainable cancer prediction models. We tested our proposed data processing technique on five different models, namely neural network, random forest, xgboost, support vector machine, and decision tree, using four cancer datasets collected from the National Cancer Institute Genomic Data Commons. Since our datasets are imbalanced, we evaluated the performance of all models using metrics designed for imbalance performance like geometric mean, Matthews correlation coefficient, F-Measure, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our approach showed comparative performance while relying on less features. Additionally, we demonstrated that data binarilization offers higher explainability by revealing how each feature affects the prediction. These results demonstrate the potential of data binarilization technique in improving the performance and explainability of RNA sequencing based cancer prediction models.
Digital interventions for self-management of prediabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Stowell Melanie , Dobson Rosie , Garner Katie , Baig Mirza , Nehren Norma , Whittaker Robyn
Published: May 2024

Background

Rates of prediabetes, which can lead to type 2 diabetes, are increasing worldwide. Interventions for prediabetes mainly focus on lifestyle changes to diet and exercise. While these interventions are effective, they are often delivered face-to-face, which may pose a barrier to those with limited access to healthcare. Given the evidence for digital interventions addressing other noncommunicable diseases, these may also be effective for prediabetes self-management. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the breadth of evidence around digital interventions for prediabetes self-management.

Methods

We developed a targeted search strategy and relevant studies were identified through searches conducted in four bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus). Published studies were eligible if they included a digital intervention to support adults aged 18+ with prediabetes self-management. Titles and abstracts were first screened for relevance by one researcher. Full texts of selected records were assessed against the review criteria independently by two researchers for inclusion in the final analysis.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included, of which nine were randomised controlled trials. Most efficacy studies reported significant changes in at least one primary and/or secondary outcome, including participants’ glycaemic control, weight loss and/or physical activity levels. About one-third of studies reported mixed outcomes or early significant outcomes that were not sustained at long-term follow-up. Interventions varied in length, digital modalities, and complexity. Delivery formats included text messages, mobile apps, virtually accessible dietitians/health coaches, online peer groups, and web-based platforms. Approximately half of studies assessed participant engagement/acceptability outcomes.

Conclusion

Whilst the evidence here suggests that digital interventions to support prediabetes self-management are acceptable and have the potential to reduce one’s risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, more research is needed to understand which interventions, and which components specifically, have the greatest reach to diverse populations, are most effective at promoting user engagement, and are most effective in the longer term.
Prevalence and associated factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: A cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: Shumye Abebech Fikade , Tegegne Mebratu Mulusew , Eticha Biruk Lelisa , Bekele Matiyas Mamo , Woredekal Asamere Tsegaw , Asmare Lakew
Published: May 2024

Background

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is one of the advanced complications of diabetic retinopathy. If left untreated, almost all eyes could lose a significant portion of their vision within four months. There is limited evidence regarding the magnitude of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in the study setting and also in Ethiopia.

Purpose

To determine the magnitude and associated factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients attending Specialized Comprehensive Hospital-Diabetic Care Clinics in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.

Methods

A multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 1219 adult diabetic patients selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through an in-person interview and physical examination. The Statistical Package for Social Science Version 20 was used to analyze the data. Logistic regression methods were used to test the association between predisposing factors and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the strength of association.

Results

The prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.10%-4.10%). Hypertension (AOR = 4.35 (95% CI: 1.87–10.12)), peripheral neuropathy (AOR = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.57–9.54)), nephropathy (AOR = 2.58 (95% CI: 1.13–5.87)), ≥10 years duration of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 5.30 (95% CI: 2.32–12.14)), insulin use (AOR = 3.07 (95% CI: 1.08–8.68)), and poor adherence to diabetes mellitus medications (AOR = 3.77 (95% CI: 1.64–8.64)) were confirmed to have statistically significant association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion

The prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients in the diabetes clinic was higher than the global study. Hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, ≥10 year’s duration of diabetic mellitus, insulin use and poor adherence to diabetes mellitus medications were among the factors significantly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Circulating hypervirulent Marek’s disease viruses in vaccinated chicken flocks in Taiwan by genetic analysis of meq oncogene
Authors: Cheng Ming-Chu , Lai Guan-Hua , Tsai Yi-Lun , Lien Yi-Yang
Published: May 2024

Marek’s disease (MD) is an important neoplastic disease caused by serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus (MDV-1), which results in severe economic losses worldwide. Despite vaccination practices that have controlled the MD epidemic, current increasing MD-suspected cases indicate the persistent viral infections circulating among vaccinated chicken farms in many countries. However, the lack of available information about phylogeny and molecular characterization of circulating MDV-1 field strains in Taiwan reveals a potential risk in MD outbreaks. This study investigated the genetic characteristics of 18 MDV-1 strains obtained from 17 vaccinated chicken flocks in Taiwan between 2018 and 2020. Based on the sequences of the meq oncogene, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the circulating Taiwanese MDV-1 field strains were predominantly in a single cluster that showed high similarity with strains from countries of the East Asian region. Because the strains were obtained from CVI988/Rispens vaccinated chicken flocks and the molecular characteristics of the Meq oncoprotein showed features like vvMDV and vv+MDV strains, the circulating Taiwanese MDV-1 field strains may have higher virulence compared with vvMDV pathotype. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrates the circulation of hypervirulent MDV-1 strains in Taiwan and highlights the importance of routine surveillance and precaution strategies in response to the emergence of enhanced virulent MDV-1.
Factors affecting the number of influenza patients before and during COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand
Authors: Yasopa Oiythip , Homkham Nontiya , Chompook Pornthip
Published: May 2024

This study was aimed to explore the association between potential factors including public health and social measures and the number of influenza patients in Thailand between 2014–2021. Secondary data from relevant agencies were collected. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and regression coefficient (β) were performed at a significance level of 0.05. We found factors associated with number of influenza patients during the time prior to COVID-19 pandemic were monthly income per household (Adjusted β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.01), population density (Adjusted β = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.18), rainy season (Adjusted β = 137.15; 95% CI: 86.17, 188.13) and winter time (Adjusted β = 56.46; 95% CI: 3.21, 109.71). During the time of COVID-19 pandemic, population density (Adjusted β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26), rainy season (Adjusted β = -164.23; 95% CI: -229.93, -98.52), winter time (Adjusted β = 61.06; 95% CI: 0.71, 121.41), public health control measures (prohibition of entering to into an area with high number of COVID-19 infections (Adjusted β = -169.34; 95% CI: -233.52, -105.16), and restriction of travelling also reduced the number of influenza patients (Adjusted β = -66.88; 95% CI: -125.15, -8.62) were associated with number of influenza patients. This study commends strategies in monitoring influenza patients to focus on the areas with low income, high population density, and in specific seasons. Public health and social measures which can be implemented are prohibition of entering to risk-areas (lock down), and restriction of travelling across provinces which their effectiveness in reducing influenza infections.
‘Vomiting the crying’: A poetics of fluids in William Faulkner’s Light in August and As I Lay Dying
Authors: Dunkel Solveig
Published: May 2024

The bodies of William Faulkner’s characters are porous; as the novels unravel, bodies seem to be deflating, in an effusion of blood, vomit, sweat, spit, milk and tears. ‘These oozings and flowings and outpourings’, to use André Bleikasten’s expression, highlight the malleability, or maybe the impossibility, of fixed bodies and fixed forms in Faulkner’s novels. Even more so, these horrific discharges of fluids articulate the interdependence of language and bodies. The debasing and involuntary outpourings of fluids dramatize the uncontrollable and irresistible urge, in Faulkner’s fiction, to simply say. Just like the recurring instances of vomiting, Faulknerian characters lose themselves in ‘word vomits’, where language does not seem to depend on human agency to get the words out. It appears that Faulkner’s writing greatly relies on the process of emptying: among his favourite words, ‘outrage’ or ‘abject’ both etymologically represent the desire to find a way out, to come out, to ex-press. Using As I Lay Dying (1930) and Light in August (1932), two novels which address this topic through the use of a similar imagery, this article analyses the way bodily fluids and language interact in Faulkner’s fiction, in a dialectics of purity and impurity, debasement and elevation.
Comics Strike Back! Digital Forms, Digital Practices, Digital Audiences
Authors: Busi Rizzi Giorgio , Di Paola Lorenzo , Mandolini Nicoletta
Published: May 2024

Digital comics, marked by their dynamic evolution, encompass a wide range of narrative styles, artistic techniques and interactive features. They hold the potential to transform how we engage with digital and virtual spaces, carrying significant implications for society, culture and politics. The investigation conducted in this Special Issue aims to shed light on the dynamic interplay between comics and digital technology, examining how it redefines traditional narratives and practices and contributes to a reshaping of our understanding of society and culture. This editorial note functions as an introduction to the topic of digital comics and it has the objective of outlining the rationale of the Special Issue, which is organized into three sections, focused on the forms, practices and audiences of digital comics. The first section delves into the historical and cultural context of digital comics, tracing their evolution from early computer-generated works to contemporary digital productions. The second section explores the creative aspects of digital comics, including the integration of multimedia elements and the challenges of translating digital formats into print. The final section investigates the relationship between digital comics and their audience, examining how social media and digital platforms influence the creation, distribution and reception of digital comics. We argue that the comprehensive analysis that this Special Issue proposes unravels and analyses the multifaceted nature of digital comics, making a valuable contribution to the ongoing discourse surrounding this dynamic medium. It underscores the necessity for the methodical combination of interdisciplinary research perspectives to navigate the complex interplay between analogue and digital practices, forms and technologies, cultural paradigms, and forthcoming developments.
Lynd Ward’s Wordless Novels, 1929–1937: Visual Narrative, Cultural Politics, Homoeroticism, Grant F. Scott (2022)
Authors: Postema Barbara
Published: May 2024

Review of: Lynd Ward’s Wordless Novels, 1929–1937: Visual Narrative, Cultural Politics, Homoeroticism, Grant F. Scott (2022)

London: Routledge, 244 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-03221-116-9, h/bk, GBP 116
¿Cuán eventivo es este sustantivo? Un análisis de los rasgos lingüísticos que influyen en la interpretación subjetiva de los hablantes
Authors: Horno Chéliz María del Carmen
Published: May 2024

Uno de los rasgos semánticos más importantes en el procesamiento del lenguaje es el que distingue los objetos de los eventos. En este estudio se parte de un cuestionario en el que 62 informantes asignan un valor en una escala Likert de 6 posiciones a la eventividad de 84 nombres en español, de tal modo que 1 es completamente eventivo y 6 es nada eventivo (esto es, un objeto). El objetivo del presente estudio pasa por correlacionar las puntuaciones obtenidas con diversas características de dichos sustantivos. Como resultado de esta investigación, hemos encontrado tres tipos de datos interesantes: los nombres se interpretaban más eventivos si establecían en el lexicón una relación directa con un verbo. Especialmente, si dicha relación era manifiesta a través de la morfología; además, hay una correlación entre el grado de eventividad subjetiva y la frecuencia de aparición de estos sustantivos en determinados contextos; por último, los nombres se interpretaban menos eventivos si eran ambiguos que si no lo eran. Todos estos indicios parecen apuntar a que la intuición semántica de los hablantes responde más a la posición de los sustantivos en el lexicón que a una posible descomposición semántica.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Hotel Competitiveness
Authors: Gove Junior Joao Bata , Uamusse Joana Ernesto Neves , Ferreira Lissa Valéria Fernandes , Barbosa José William de Queiroz
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a competitiveness factor by hotel companies located in Inhambane and Macaneta, Mozambique. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. For data collection, a semi-structured interview script was used, which was applied to ten hotel managers from Inhambane and Macaneta (five participants in each case). The data was analyzed using categorical content analysis. The results showed that the interviewees recognize the importance of technology for the hotel's competitiveness, but do not use software, limiting themselves to simpler programs. It was found that Wi-Fi services and the use of social networks are perceived as sources of competitive advantage in the context investigated. The research points to practical contributions that shed light on the need to make resources available for the application of ICT in the hotel sector.
Environmental Actions in the Hotel Industry of Carolina (Maranhão, Brazil)
Authors: Araujo Moreira Claudia , Maciel de Meira Celso , Tâmara Pessoa Paiva Iara , Barroso Lima Thamires
Published: May 2024

Tourism is an economically relevant sector; however, its development, when unplanned, can negatively impact the preservation of the cultural patrimony, and social stability as a consequence. Thus, under the bias of sustainability, our study is a result of a research project that aimed to verify whether there are Actions implemented on the behalf of environmental management in the hotel industry of the city of Carolina, which is located in the region of the Chapada das Mesas National Park, state of Maranhão, Brazil. It is based on the precepts correlated to the environmental management of lodging facilities recommended by Ordinance No. 100/2011 of the Ministry of Tourism, and by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards No. 15401/2006. To that effect, this investigation was conducted through techniques of exploratory research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Our investigation used questionnaires as tools, containing open- and closedended questions, applied with hotel industry managers from a list of facilities registered on CADASTUR. For data systematization, statistical resources of the Microsoft Excel program were used. Our results revealed that there are actions in favor of sustainability in the lodging facilities from Carolina. We hope, through this research, to provide theoretical and scientific support for the search for actions that promote ecological tourism, as well as sustainability, in the development of the sector in Carolina, Maranhão.
The adults’ perspectives on the children’s influence on travelling decisions
Authors: Leite de Moraes Gabriella , Oliveira de Freitas Patrícia
Published: May 2024

This paper presents deliberations about a survey which aimed to know the adults’ perspective on the children’s influence regarding the decision to pursuit a holiday trip, the data was collected using online self-filling questionaries, advertised by the researchers on their own social media profiles. Since it is an exploratory survey, the statistical criteria were not taken into consideration and they were done as a step to approach parents travelling with their children, who will also, if they agree, be part of another step involving interviews. The parents have mentioned positive aspects experienced while travelling with children such as: getting a good treatment because they were with the kids, loyalty to the hotel which offer human resources and good quality activities for the little ones, and an available kitchen to prepare meals for the children; but they also point out some aspects that disturb the adults. This realization indicates that there are some hotels which have difficulties dealing with this public. To sum up, the survey allowed us to notice, from the adults’ point of view, the pleasure to travel with children, but also how their presence is still seen as an inconvenience to other guests.
Tourism and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Da Silva Luiza , Antoniazzi Gardolinski Stella , Medaglia Juliana
Published: May 2024

Contemporary society has experienced a significant evolution in its engagement with sustainability, driven by various factors, including global initiatives such as the United Nations (UN) Global Compact (2000), further energized by the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study explores the interplay between tourism and these UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, employing a bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature, with findings processed through Iramuteq software. The investigation reveals that academic discourse connects tourism to 13 of the 17 SDGs outlined in the UN’s 2030 Agenda, with a predominant focus on SDG 8 – decent work and economic growth. Notably, the analysis uncovers a discrepancy in the scholarly treatment of SDG 14 – life below water, which, despite being earmarked by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) as a critical area for tourism, receives limited attention, in contrast to SDG 11 – sustainable cities and communities. The study concludes that the academic exploration of the nexus between tourism and the SDGs has been relatively superficial, lacking depth in the context of the broader tourism and sustainability discourse.
Quantum Approach to Allergic Pathology
Authors: Spaggiari Piergiorgio , Tribbia Caterina , Gianpaolo Pisano
Published: May 2024

Allergy, despite its stereotyped symptomatic manifestations, continues to pose significant etiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic challenges. In the interface between the body and the environment, the respiratory pathway is particularly stressed from an allergological perspective. Under the relationship between energy and matter signed by Einstein, it is possible to approach patients suffering from allergies with an Electraceutical 1 administration in a quantum modality.
Postcolonoscopy Diverticulitis
Authors: Essam Mahmoud E. , Beintaris Iosif , Rutter Matthew D.
Published: May 2024

Colonoscopy, generally safe but not devoid of risks, can lead to rare complications. We present 2 cases of postcolonoscopy diverticulitis (PCD). Case 1 was a 63-year-old woman, following colonoscopy, who developed acute sigmoid diverticulitis, despite a Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) score of 2, indicating extensive diverticulosis without inflammation. Conservative management with antibiotics led to recovery. Remarkably, she experienced a recurrent episode. Case 2 was a 74-year-old woman who had 2 colonoscopies, revealing pancolonic diverticulosis (DICA score: 2) without inflammation. After the second procedure, she developed severe sigmoid diverticulitis, managed conservatively with antibiotics. Discussion highlights PCD's rarity (prevalence: 0.04%–0.08%) and unclear pathogenesis. Both cases had DICA scores ≥2, suggesting a potential risk factor. Clinicians should recognize PCD, as it can mimic more common postcolonoscopy complications. Early recognition and management are vital.
La articulación entre ágape y justicia en la problematización acerca del reconocimiento de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Cladakis Maximiliano Basilio
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio apunta a abordar la relación entre ágape y justicia en la problematización del reconocimiento llevada a cabo por Paul Ricoeur. Partiendo de que se trata de lógicas no sólo diferentes, sino que hasta podría decirse que contrapuestas, nuestra intención es indagar la posibilidad de una dialéctica que articule a ambas. En este sentido, resulta importante destacar que dicha dialéctica es una dialéctica del orden de la acción y no una dialéctica de carácter teórico especulativa.
Hegel contra la axiomática
Authors: Herszenbaun Miguel Alejandro
Published: May 2024

En la Ciencia de la lógica, Hegel toma distancia del sistema axiomático por diversas razones. En el presente trabajo, me propongo estudiar dichas razones y evaluar qué podemos aprender sobre la Lógica en función de esta discusión con la axiomática. Mostraré que Hegel toma distancia de la axiomática por (1) el carácter relativo de sus axiomas; (2) el carácter unidireccional de su inferencia; (3) el carácter limitado de la forma judicativa; (4) la arbitrariedad de sus definiciones y la suposición de la dicotomía forma y contenido. Todo esto mostrará la inadecuación del método axiomático para la Lógica y revelará que la autoindagación de la razón exige suponer un condicionamiento multidireccional que evite el regreso al infinito y que permita pensar lo absoluto bajo una dinámica no lineal; además se advertirá la necesidad de recurrir a la forma del silogismo así como admitir una codeterminación de forma y contenido.
Voces con propósito : manual de estrategias de comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social : módulo del participante
Authors: Vega Casanova Jair , Obregón Gálvez Rafael , Nieto Sánchez Claudia , Vargas Rosero Elizabeth , Pérez Quintero Camilo , Gathigi George W.
Published: May 2024

Voces con propósito: Manual de estrategias de Comunicación para el Desarrollo y el Cambio Social, aparte de ofrecer una ruta práctica de gran utilidad para las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, pone sobre la mesa una serie de temas que han dinamizado intensos debates en América Latina desde hace bastante tiempo, mismos que continúan como espacios abiertos en el siempre controversial proceso de construcción de una vida con dignidad, justicia y equilibrio para las sociedades de la región.
A study on training needs of chilli growers in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Vysali Kantheti , Mishra Bishnu Priya
Published: May 2024

The present study assesses the training needs of chilli growers of Andhra Pradesh. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Two districts, Guntur and Prakasam, were purposefully selected for the study, as they cover the highest area of chilli cultivation. Two mandals were selected from each district purposively based on the highest area and from each mandal, 5 villages were selected. Thirteen respondents from each village were selected randomly. Thus, a total sample size of 260 was selected for the study. After a thorough review of the literature, focal group discussions with chilli growers and consultation with experts, 7 different categories of training areas were identified. The data was collected using the personal interview method, using a pre-tested, well-prepared interview schedule and ranked based on mean score. The study revealed that among all the different categories of training needs, the respondents perceived crop protection and crop production as the most important training needs, with mean scores of 2.324 and 2.159 and were ranked first and second. Training needs pertaining to marketing, harvesting and post-harvest handling, processing and value-addition, nursery management and mechanization occupied the next 3rd to 7th ranks respectively. Hence, the extension personnel, scientists and policymakers shall keep the results of this study in view regarding what content needs to be focused on while preparing training programs for chilli farmers.
Stretch-forming characteristics of austenitic material stainless steel 304 at hot working temperatures
Authors: Lakshmi Akkireddy Anitha , Bandhu Din , Kumar Ashish , Chandrashekar Rakesh
Published: May 2024

The need for sheet metal forming using highly resistant materials such as titanium alloys and stainless steel has increased recently. These materials possess elevated mean flow stress values, which make them difficult to draw at room temperature. To achieve a homogeneous distribution of strain in the stretched component, reduce the load required for plastic deformation, and greatly improve material formability, hot forming is helpful. The goal of the current study is to conduct stretch-forming experiments to investigate the forming characteristics of Austenitic material Stainless Steel (ASS) 304 at Hot working temperatures. Stretch forming experiments have been conducted on the Servo electrical sheet press test machine at 650 and 800°C. The formability has been estimated by constructing a Fracture forming diagram (FFLD), limiting the height of the dome (LDH) and the distribution of the strain of stretched cups. It has been discovered that the limit of forming bounds rises with the temperature reaching 800°C, while the DSA effect causes the necking region – the area between the safe and fracture limits ‒ to decrease with additional temperature rise from 800 to 900°C. Within the experimental limitations, it has been considered that the Hot forming of ASS 304 at 650°C gives the highest strain forming limits with a uniform strain distribution in the stretched cups. From the Formability limit diagram, dome height, and strain distribution, it can be observed that ASS 304 has good limiting strain up to 800°C with lower load application.
Work hardening and X-ray diffraction studies on ASS 304 at high temperatures
Authors: Lakshmi A. Anitha , Bhadauria Alok , Kumar Ashish , Chandrashekar Rakesh
Published: May 2024

One of the most common characteristics of metallic alloys is work hardening, which is most beneficial as it is the primary reason for the alloys’ tenacity to withstand loading even in the presence of internal flaws or geometrical errors. Thus, the work hardening coefficient gives the maximum amount of homogeneous plastic deformation in tensile straining. Thus, complex-forming operations are facilitated by a high coefficient without experiencing premature failure. Naturally, work hardening has a significant impact on the mechanical energy required to shape a material by plastic deformation, such as rolling, forming, etc. The quantity of energy that the material stores during plastic deformation is also managed by work hardening. As a result, it significantly influences how the metal behaves when it is subsequently softened during annealing. Finally, the hardening capacity and durability of the work hardened state are significant practical challenges because many high-volume stretch formed components are directly used. Typically, the current study begins, at homologous temperatures above 0.4 times melting point, with a description of work hardening at 700, 800, and 900°C temperatures in three different orientations with respect to rolling direction R
0, R
45, and R
90 and 10−1−10−3 s−1 strain rates, where thermally triggered processes exhibit a prominent role in work hardening. Three stages of behavior were identified by analyzing the tensile work hardening of ASS 304 steel. Dynamic strain aging is the cause of the anomalous fluctuation in the work hardening rate that is seen in hot working temperatures. X-ray diffraction examination is conducted to introspect any phase changes occurring in hot working regions improving plasticity of ASS 304.
Nanophotonic route to control electron behaviors in 2D materials
Authors: Kang DongJun , Onwukaeme Chibuzo , Park KiJeong , Jeon KyeongPyo , Ryu Han-Youl , Yoo SeokJae
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials, e.g., graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are one-atom-thick monolayers whose electronic behaviors are described by the Dirac equation. These materials serve not only as test beds for novel quantum physics but also as promising constituents for nanophotonic devices. This review provides a brief overview of the recent effort to control Dirac electron behaviors using nanophotonics. We introduce a principle of light-2D Dirac matter interaction to offer a design guide for 2D Dirac material–based nanophotonic devices. We also discuss opportunities for coupling nanophotonics with externally perturbed 2D materials.
Fruit and vegetable consumption: Study involving Portuguese and French consumers
Authors: Le Turc Nolwenn , Silva Ana Jaquelina , Florença Sofia G. , Gonçalves João Carlos , Lemos Edite Teixeira , Lima Maria João , Guiné Raquel P. F.
Published: May 2024

The regular consumption of vegetables and fruits has been indicated as part of a healthy diet. They are considered healthy foods because they are sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibre. Adequate intake of these foods can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and various types of cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the consumption habits of vegetables and fruits in two different countries, Portugal and France. For this descriptive study, it was used a questionnaire survey, applied to individuals over 18 years old and carried out through the internet, being disseminated on social networks and by email. The sample was constituted by 640 participants (257 from Portugal and 383 from France). Statistical tools were used for the treatment of data, like the T-Test and chi-square test utilised to compare the results between Portuguese and French consumers. The results showed that the Portuguese eat out more often than the French. Portuguese and French like vegetables equally but the French eat more vegetables and fruit per week on average than the Portuguese. The French like soup as much as the Portuguese but the Portuguese eat soup more regularly than the French and prefer soup with cut pieces, unlike the French which prefer soup with grounded vegetables. The global consumption of vegetables and fruits is low in both countries and should be increased, most especially in Portugal, where the consumption is lower. In conclusion, despite some differences found across consumers according to country, the consumption of these foods is still below the recommendations of the World Health Organisation, and therefore, some more actions are necessary to incentivise a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables as part of a healthy lifestyle.
P. J. Thomas’s Scholarship on Mercantilism and the Political Economy of Trade: A Centennial Appreciation and Assessment
Authors: Reinert Kenneth
Published: May 2024

This article addresses the contribution of the Indian economist P. J. Thomas to the scholarship of mercantilism and the political economy of trade. It considers Thomas’s 1926 book, Mercantilism and the East India Trade, and interprets Thomas’s account of trade issues in the late seventeenth century in terms of the graphical analysis of the imperfect substitutes model. It contrasts Thomas’s work with that of Jacob Viner and sets his work in a larger context of culture and technology. The article concludes that Thomas’s scholarship deserves to be rediscovered within the fields of international economics and global political economy.
Modern treatment of unicameral and aneurysmatic bone cysts
Authors: Pala Elisa , Trovarelli Giulia , Angelini Andrea , Cerchiaro Maria Chiara , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: May 2024

The best treatment of unicameral bone cyst and aneurismatic bone cyst (ABC) is debated in the literature.

For simple bone cysts, multiple treatments were proposed from observation only to open curettage. The historical treatment with intraosseous injection of methylprednisolone acetate into the bone cysts nowadays is reduced due to the morbidity of multiple injections and the risk of multiple pathologic fractures until the healing.

Different types of treatments for ABC are reported, including surgery, percutaneous treatments, and medical treatments; however, there is currently no consensus on the best approach. The association of curettage, bone graft, and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) had a success rate of over 85%. Decompressing the cyst wall is more critical for increasing the healing rate than the type of graft used to fill the cavity.

In ABC, sclerotherapy offers the advantages of lower invasiveness and morbidity, associated with better functional scores and faster return to full weight-bearing. Moreover, they can be used in challenging locations.

Selective arterial embolization is a complex procedure and often requires association with other treatments. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of denosumab and its side effects on skeletally immature patients. Curettage with adjuvants and autogenous bone grafting still shows promising results and can be used in larger, aggressive defects or superficial lesions.

For simple bone cysts, the combination of curettage, bone graft, and ESIN showed the best results. Sclerotherapy for ABC also shows promising results.
Which radial head fractures are best treated surgically?
Authors: Windt Anna E van der , Langenberg Lisette C , Colaris Joost W , Eygendaal Denise
Published: May 2024

Despite the common occurrence of radial head fractures, there is still a lack of consensus on which radial head fractures should be treated surgically.

The radial head is an important secondary stabilizer in almost all directions. An insufficient radial head can lead to increased instability in varus–valgus and posterolateral rotatory directions, especially in a ligament-deficient elbow.

The decision to perform surgery is often not dictated by the fracture pattern alone but also by the presence of associated injury. Comminution of the radial head and complete loss of cortical contact of at least one fracture fragment are associated with a high occurrence of associated injuries.

Nondisplaced and minimally displaced radial head fractures can be treated non-operatively with early mobilization. Displacement (>2 mm) of fragments in radial head fractures without a mechanical block to pronation/supination is not a clear indication for surgery.

Mechanical block to pronation/supination and comminution of the fracture are indications for surgery.

The following paper reviews the current literature and provides state-of-the-art guidance on which radial head fractures should be treated surgically.
Joint line and knee osteotomy
Authors: Pratobevera Andrea , Seil Romain , Menetrey Jacques
Published: May 2024

This review explores the intricate relationship between knee osteotomy and frontal plane joint line orientation, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the joint line’s influence on knee forces and kinematics.

Consideration of coronal alignments, knee phenotypes, and associated angles (medial proximal tibial angle (MTPA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA)) becomes crucial in surgical planning to avoid joint line deformities.

The double-level osteotomy is to be considered a valid option, especially for severe deformities; however, the target patient cannot be selected solely based on high predicted postoperative joint line obliquity (JLO) and MPTA.
Immediate management of a stable patient with unstable pelvis
Authors: Cano Juan Ramón , Bogallo José Manuel , Ramirez Alicia , Guerado Enrique
Published: May 2024

The diagnosis of a traumatic unstable pelvis in a stable patient is a temporary concept depending on when we see the patient, as all patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock have hemodynamic stability until they become unstable. As a rule, the more unstable the pelvic fracture is, the higher the risk of bleeding and hemodynamic instability it has. Therefore, in unstable pelvic fractures, hemodynamic stability should be a diagnosis by exclusion.

For bleeding detection in stable patients, an immediate one-stage contrast-enhanced CT scan is the appropriate diagnosis test; however, since CT scan radiation is always an issue, X-rays should be considered in those cases of hemodynamically stable patients in whom there is a reasonable suspicion that no unsafe bleeding is going on. Pelvic fracture classification is essential as usually there is an association between the injury mechanism, the fracture displacement, and the hemodynamic stability. Anteroposterior and, particularly, vertical traumatisms have much more proclivity to provoke major pelvic displacement and bleeding.

The use of a pelvic binder, as early as possible including pre-hospital management, should be standard in high-impact blunt trauma patients independently of the trauma mechanisms. External fixation is the preferred method of stabilization in case of open fractures, and, in closed ones, when the schedule for definite osteosynthesis prolongs because of the patient’s general condition. If possible, immediate percutaneous sacroiliac screw insertion for unstable pelvic fractures produce excellent results even in open fractures.
Effect of Fire on DNA and its profiling in homicide cases
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Chauhan Amit , Gupta Ritika , Maitray Aanchal , Sharma Dhruw , SK Shukla
Published: May 2024

In forensic investigation, experts deal with distinct types of crime scenes. Every crime scene is considered ubiquitous in correspondence of evidences including sexual assault, murder, homicide by adopting various methods i.e. burning, drowning etc. In homicidal cases, where dead bodies are burnt with very frequent and specific aspiration to dismantle the evidences and concealment the identity of the deceased. Insight of cases, it becomes to determine the cause of death on the spot due to burning and the presence of soot. In addition of it, Isolation of DNA from the remnants of dead bodies or blood present on the partially burnt belongings i.e. clothes, body tissues etc. is a tedious process. By this time, no technical process exists that could deal with such samples that has confronted the elevated temperature during burn process. In this study, an attempt was done to determine the quantity and quality of DNA from body tissues and blood found on the spot with high amount of soot and effect elevated temperature due to burning and accurate DNA profiling in such cases. As a resultant of this study, it was observed that a part/piece of clothes or the biological material can help to identify the deceased on the basis of DNA profiling from the sample which were not in the direct contact of heat/elevated temperature.
A remote death following Whipple procedure with significant Forensic pathological dilemmas
Authors: HTDW Ariyarathna , SR Hulathduwa
Published: May 2024

Whipple procedure is a major surgical operation to remove the head of the pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder and the bile ducts most commonly performed for malignant tumors involving the head of the pancreas and distal bile ducts. It is also performed following pancreatic or duodenal trauma as well as chronic pancreatitis. The outcome depends on numerous factors. There are few recognized complications among which sepsis stands out prominently. The deceased in this case discussion had undergone Whipple procedure within three months after the onset of initial cluster of symptoms. Abdominal pain had been the most prominent symptom he presented with. The surgery was uneventful. The patient had been discharged on the 8th day following surgery. He had been advised to get the wound dressed every other day and visit the clinic in regular intervals. The deceased had not fully complied with the instructions and after observing a purulent discharge from the skin wound, a wound debridement had been done around the fourteenth day post op. The condition had gradually deteriorated since then and the deceased was re-admitted to the same ward on the eighteenth day following the surgery where he succumbed to death due to sepsis with metabolic acidosis. A judicial autopsy was performed following an inquest to exclude any possible allegations of medical negligence. Mild icterus was noted on external examination. Macroscopic features of sepsis with surgical site infection and generalized peritonitis were observed during dissection. Pancreaticojejunal, hepaticojejunal, gastrojejunal and jejunojejunal anastomosing sites were free of features suggestive of leakage. The cause of death was finalized according to the WHO guidelines. 1.a Septicemia, 1.b Whipple procedure and 1.c Distal cholangiocarcinoma. The difficulty in diagnosis of sepsis at autopsy, identification of exact cause of sepsis in a post-surgical death, the significance of objective recording of the grade of surgical site infection and incorporation of surgical procedure in the wording of the cause of death are some of the forensic pathological issues to be addressed in this case. In addition to arriving at a diagnosis of sepsis, a forensic pathologist also owes an obligation to attempt to find out the root cause/causes for sepsis.
Roots, the hidden tree
Authors: Wasterlund  Iwan 
Published: May 2024

In order to adapt the forces a forestry machine to the ground conditions and avoid rutting, ground and tree damages, we must know more about the strength of roots, since they are important factors for the strength of the forest floor. Also tree root bark strength is important to avoid root damages which may cause rot infections in the tree.