bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL FORMS OF HORMONAL-ACTIVE ADRENAL TUMORS
Authors: Romashchenko P. N. , Maistrenko N. A. , Bliumina S. G. , Ivanov A. M.
Published: January 2021

The increased incidence of accidental revealing adrenal tumors in radiation studies requires further improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods for the timely detection of their latent hormonal activity and malignancy potential, as well as the determination of strategic therapeutic approaches. The aim of the work was to evaluate the capabilities of modern laboratory diagnostics in verification of latent forms of hormone-active adrenal tumors to determine further treatment tactics. The study included 207 (14.9%) of 1390 patients in whom the hormones precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites were studied in blood plasma by liquid chromatography, as well as tumor markers. These patients were divided into a group of subclinical forms of hormone-active NP tumors (n = 173) and a group of truly hormone-inactive formations (n=34).
It has been established that pre-aldosteroma is characterized with an increase of corticosterone
(8.1±3.4 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.3±3.0 ng/ml), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (5.4±1,4 ng/ml) in blood. For pre-corticosteroma: increased cortisol (119.2±16.1 ng/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (11.5±1.9 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.8±2.1 ng/ml), the ratio of cortisol/cortisone (9.1±1.6 ng/ml) in blood. The presence of «silent» pheochromocytoma was confirmed by an increase of blood free methanephrine (105.0±27.1 ng/ml) and normetanephrine (196.0±43.6 ng/ml), as well as chromogranin A (223.3±15.3 pg/ml). The latent forms of adrenocortical cancer were characterized by an increase in blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (45.2±3.9 μmol/L), cancer embryo antigen (9.8±1.2 ng/ml), vascular endothelial growth factor (1122.0±24.5 ng/ml), IL-6 (95.4±1.8 pg/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (21.8±4.5 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (4.2±3.2 ng/ml). All 173 patients with hormone-active NP tumors, as well as 30 (88.2%) with large (6.5±2.0 cm) hormone-inactive formations with the presence of compression syndrome, underwent adrenalectomy.
Determination of the precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites in blood plasma by liquid chromatography can reliably identify the functional activity of adrenal tumors and determine their malignant potential, as well as substantiate indications for timely surgical treatment.
THE SELECTION OF PATIENTS FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES ON THE THYROID NODULES
Authors: Saltykova V. G. , Aleksandrov Yu. K. , Patrunov Yu. N.
Published: January 2021

Percutaneous laser ablation (PLA), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy (PIE) are minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules (MIT). Methods have different effectiveness depending on the size, structure, and localization of thyroid nodes. When selecting patients for treatment, the technical and biological features of various minimally invasive treatment methods are essential. Out of 124 people with thyroid nodules, 32 patients were selected for minimally invasive treatment. Conducting minimally invasive treatment and evaluating early treatment results in 32 people allowed us to identify the characteristics of thyroid nodes that affect the choice of modes of methods, the technique of their implementation, as well as the likely prognosis of the results of treatment of thyroid nodes (partial regression, complete destruction, the formation of fibrosis). When selecting patients for minimally invasive treatment, the leading method is ultrasound, which allows us to objectively assess risks, prevent possible complications, and predict the dynamics of inflammatory and regenerative processes based on the analysis of the ultrasound pattern.
RARE COMPLICATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCER
Authors: Idiatullin R. M. , Styazhkina S. N. , Arslanov R. R. , Isaeva P. V. , Nizamova G. F.
Published: January 2021

Thyroid cancer is the leading cancer in the endocrine system. Over the past few decades, the incidence of this pathology worldwide has increased at a higher rate than other cancers. The main method of treatment for thyroid cancer is surgical. Some of the complications that can result from surgical treatment are tracheomalacia and trachea damage. Tracheomalacia is a pathological softening of tracheal rings resulting from prolonged compression of the trachea resulting in degenerative changes in cartilages. As a result of the removal of the thyroid tumor, a defect of its wall may form. Damage of the trachea can occur when the thyroid isthmus is separated from it. In addition, when separating the thyroid gland from the trachea, performing central lymphodissection, the blood supply of the trachea may be disturbed, which is carried out according to the segmental type, characterized by a lack of the number of collaterals. There is presented a clinical case of successful treatment of a rare complication after thyroid surgery for papillary cancer in the form of trachea in a patient of 49 years. By analyzing the clinical example, taking into account the macroscopic picture of trachea defects, their location and dimensions, it is possible to assume segmental disorder of blood supply of the upper third of the trachea in the postoperative period with the development of ischemic changes and regions of necrosis of ring ligaments. In order to prevent such complications in thyroid operations, it is necessary to preserve the paratracheal vascular anastomotic network by carefully preparing the tracheal branches of the lower thyroid artery.
MODERN METHODS OF TREATMENT OF THYROID BENIGN TUMORS
Authors: Idiatullin R. M. , Styazhkina S. N. , Arslanov R. R. , Isaeva P. V. , Nizamova G. F.
Published: January 2021

One of the significant problems of endocrine surgery is the treatment of benign thyroid tumors. With the development of technology, modern therapy methods have appeared that have been used along with traditional ones. This article provides a review of the literature on conservative, surgical, and alternative methods of treatment. Manifestations of benign tumors can be different, the applied medical tactics depends on the course of the disease and the volume of the lesion. If an asymptomatic course is detected and there is no significant growth, dynamic observation is recommended. In the past, hormone therapy with thyroid drugs has remained, in view of their low effectiveness and severe complications, with the exception of some cases. The use of surgical treatment methods - thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy is considered the gold standard of treatment. Endoscopic methods can reduce tissue damage compared with open surgery, reduce the period of postoperative rehabilitation of the patient and avoid gross cosmetic defects. The use of radioactive iodine is an alternative to surgery, but its use is limited by the size of the tumor. The most promising are minimally invasive treatments, such as laser-induced thermotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and ethanol ablation. Laser-induced thermotherapy has good clinical results; the effect on the required tissue site is provided by laser light, which focuses on it, acting first on the surface layers, then on the deep ones. Radiofrequency ablation is used for lesions of the thyroid gland, including large nodes. A small risk of complications and a good cosmetic effect allow it to be used in the treatment of benign neoplasms in the first place. Ethanol ablation is less expensive than radiofrequency ablation, it should be considered as a first-line treatment for cystic thyroid nodules.
RISK FACTORS OF INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN BENIGN THYROID DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION
Authors: Grintsov A. G. , Akhrameyev V. B. , Matiytsiv A. B. , Grintsov G. A. , Khristulenko A. A.
Published: January 2021

The work presents an analysis of the results of thyroid surgery in 3758 patients. The majority of interventions were performed within 1975-1985 and amounted to 2863 (76.18%) cases, of which 72 (1.92%) were for giant benign neoplasms. Diagnosis verification was carried out in 2613 (69.53%) patients using scintigraphy, and in 1145 (30.47%) - echography. The median age was 52.7±15.8 years. The distribution by sex is 713 (18.97%) male and 3045 (81.03%) female. Most 2572 (68.44%) surgical interventions were performed under local anesthesia. Damage to the return nerve after surgery occurred in 127 (3.38%) patients, and in giant neoplasms in 31. In 18 (0.48%) patients, clinical manifestations of return nerve injury occurred on the opposite side. Positive dynamics from the treatment complex were observed in 113 (88.97%) patients, at the same time, 14 (11.02%) had persistent damage to the return nerve. In the early postoperative period there were phenomena of hypocalcemia during the first day in 384 (10.22%) patients, by the end of the second day - in 292 (7.77%), by the end of the third day - in 12 (0.33%), of which 248 (6.59%) are elderly. 112 (2.98%) cases involved intraoperative bleeding. The source of hemorrhage in 103 (2.74%) cases was neoplasm capsule vessels. It has been established that the mismatch between the size of surgical access and pathological mass (giant thyrotoxic goiter), disruption of the stages of intervention (except early planned cases), intimate fusion with the capsule, its thin wall, disregard of video monitoring data are risk factors for intraoperative complications in benign thyroid diseases. The use of nonstandard techniques («making Novocain cushion,» change of intervention algorithm) allows to visualize clearly nearby anatomical structures, and therefore, in the future - atraumatic operation.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
Authors: Egorov A.V. , Vasiliev I.A. , Kondrashin S.A. , Gurevich L. E. , Fominykh E.V. , Mironova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has significantly increased for the last decades. Patients with multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors require special attention to the diagnosis and treatment algorithms. The aim is to show possible treatment approaches for patients with multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Materials and methods. 26 patients with multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were managed in the abdominal surgery department of Sechenov University for the last 20 years. Results. The rate of multiple tumors was 9% for sporadic tumors and 36.5% among patients with MEN-1. Sensitivity of the imaging techniques was significantly lower than in solitary insulinomas. Most patients underwent parenchymasparing procedures. Total pancreatectomy was performed only in two cases. Conclusion. Accurate imaging and identification of hormone-secreting tumors allows to offer patients parenchyma-sparing surgery and to provide more personalized approach to the treatment of patients with multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
HYPOCALCEMIA AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY
Authors: Kotelnikova L. P. , Mokina G. Yu. , Polyakova N. G.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency and timing of hypocalcemia after surgical treatment for primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods. 21 patients were operated for hyperparathyroidism, 15 - for primary (group 1), 6 - for secondary and tertiary (group 2). In I group the median baseline level of total serum calcium was 3.06 mmol/l, phosphorus0.9 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone360 pmol/l. In II group all patients were on program dialysis for end-stage chronic kidney failure for at least five years. The median baseline serum total calcium level was 2.29 mmol/l, phosphorus2.64 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone-1822 pmol/l. Results. A day after removal of the parathyroid adenoma (1 group) the level of calcium and phosphorus was normalized, the content of parathyroid hormone (median 21.4 pmol/l) significantly decreased. In one case (6.7%) on the fifth day there were clinical signs of hypocalcemia and the level of calcium decreased to 1.86 mmol/l. All patients of the second group underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy. After a day the level of parathyroid hormone significantly decreased (median227 pmol/l). The phosphorus content has returned to normal. The calcium level in all cases exceeded 2 mmol/l. On day 4-5 the total calcium content decreased and ranged from 1.14 mmol/l to 2.04 mmol/l. Four patients (66,7%) showed clinical signs of hypocalcemia. It was found that the development of hypocalcemia has a positive correlation of average value with the level of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus and negative with the content of calcium before surgery. Conclusion. The decrease in the level of total calcium with the development of clinical symptoms occurs on 4-5 days after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in 6.7% and for secondary or tertiary - in 66.7%. Risk factors for hypocalcemia are the baseline low level of calcium and high of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus.
A TRIBUTE TO OUR TEACHER – THE PATRIARCH OF RUSSIAN SURGICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY ARIAN PAVLOVICH KALININ
Authors: Styazhkina S. N. , Kotova I. V. , Zarivchackij M. F. , Mihajlichenko V. Y. , Aleksandrov Y. K. , Butyrskii A. G.
Published: January 2021

This article is dedicated to the outstanding Russian scientist, endocrinologist-surgeon Arian Pavlovich Kalinin. Doctor of medical Sciences, Professor, founder of the Russian surgical endocrinology, whose main research areas were-surgery of the adrenal glands, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and the thyroid gland. During his long-term career, A. P. Kalinin was the author of about 800 scientific papers, 18 doctoral and 43 PhD theses were completed under his supervision. Ariana Pavlovich is considered the Patriarch of domestic
endocrine surgery, he was the first to introduce the concept of «diabetic foot», which became a separate section of diabetology. A. P. Kalinin was a high-class surgeon and scientist, was an example for colleagues in relation to their profession.
Role of Tutors’ Social Reconstruction Orientation on Choice of Instructional Approaches in Public Primary Teachers’ Training Colleges in Kenya
Authors: Mutisya Jacinta Katumbe , Itolondo Wilfrida Arnodah , Ikinya Samson Kariuki
Published: January 2021

Education acts as an instrument of social reconstruction and therefore, it must be capable of stabilising social order and conserving culture in the society to ensure sustainability. Tutor beliefs about a curriculum for social changes and adaptability upon which social reconstruction orientation is premised is vital in developing knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in teacher trainees is much needed to adapt to the ever-changing global demands. This study sought to determine tutors’ preference on the choice of instructional approaches; to determine tutors’ level of social reconstruction orientation to the teacher education curriculum and to establish the relationship between tutors’ social reconstruction orientation and choice of instructional approaches in public primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. This study adopted a correlational approach with a convergent mixed-methods approach. Questionnaires, interviews, classroom observation and document analysis were used to collect data. The sample population involved 178 tutors, 35 HODs, 20 classrooms and 4 documents purposively selected from five public primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data as per the study objectives. The study found no significant relationship between social reconstruction orientation and choice of instructional approaches. Consequently, this may impact negatively on the development of a teacher that is engaged, empowered, ethical and globally competitive as is proposed in the current teacher education reforms in Kenya. The inadequate representation, the restricted framework, limited provision of interactive learning activities and policy on the integration of societal issues in the primary teacher education curriculum provided a poor link between theory on societal issues and practice. Professional development of tutors and relevant stakeholder engagement are crucial in changing the mindsets of tutors with regard to teaching a curriculum for social reconstruction.
Relationships and Partnerships in Community–Campus Engagement: Evolving Inquiry and Practice
Authors: Kniffin Lori , Camo-Biogradlija Jasmina , Price Mary F. , Kohl Emily , Dickovick Alessandra Del Conte , Williams Jamie , Goodwin Jamie , Johnson Kristi V. , Clayton Patti H. , Bringle Robert G.
Published: January 2021

Inquiry and practice related to community–campus partnerships are ever evolving, with significant current momentum toward democratic engagement. To inform the ongoing development of associated practitioner scholarship, we examine the development of a tool for assessing the quality of community–campus relationships, the Transformational Relationship Evaluation Scale (TRES), as a microcosm of some underlying dynamics in previous and current work. After an overview of its conceptual foundations, we present TRES, review examples of its uses across multiple contexts, and share lessons learned from critical reflection on those uses along with associated implications for the future development of such tools. Subsequent discussion focuses on shifts toward conceptualizing both partnerships themselves and processes of inquiring into them in terms of systems and co-creation. Seeking to support readers in operationalizing democratic engagement in their inquiry and practice, we share conceptual frameworks, tangible tools, guiding questions for research, and reflective critique on our experience as practitioner-scholars of partnerships.

La investigación y la práctica relacionadas con las alianzas comunidad-campus están en constante evolución, con un notable impulso actual hacia el compromiso democrático. Con el objetivo de fundamentar el estado en que se encuentran las becas para profesionales asociados, hemos examinado el desarrollo de una herramienta llamada TRES (Escala de Evaluación de Relaciones Transformacionales, según siglas en inglés), que evalúa la calidad de las alianzas comunidad-campus como un microcosmos de algunas de las dinámicas subyacentes en investigaciones anteriores y actuales. Después de una descripción general de sus fundamentos conceptuales, hicimos la presentación de TRES, revisando ejemplos de sus usos en múltiples contextos y compartiendo experiencias aprendidas en la reflexión crítica acerca de dichos usos, además de analizar las implicaciones asociadas en el desarrollo futuro de este tipo de herramientas. La discusión posterior se centra en los cambios a efectuarse en aras de una conceptualización de estas alianzas y de los procesos de investigación que se establecen entre ellas, en términos de sistemas y de creación compartida. Hemos intercambiado marcos conceptuales, herramientas tangibles, preguntas de orientación para la investigación y críticas reflexivas acerca de nuestra propia experiencia como profesionales académicos en estas alianzas, con el fin de ayudar a los lectores a poner en funcionamiento el compromiso democrático, tanto en la investigación como en la práctica.
Pengaruh Net Interest Margin (NIM) Terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) Pada PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Barat Dan Banten Tbk Periode 2013-2017
Authors: Indrawan Bisma , Kaniawati Dewi Rina
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Net Interest Margin (NIM) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) pada PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Barat Dan Banten periode 2013-2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Koefisien Korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan Koefisien Determinasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi laporan keuangan periode 2013-2017. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara Net Interest Margin (NIM) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) sebesar 0,929 yang artinya memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat. Nilai Koefisien Determinasi menunjukkan Net Interest Margin (NIM) berpengaruh 86,2% terhadap Return on Asset  (ROA) dan 13,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah pihak perusahaan harus melakukan upaya peningkatan pemberian kredit untuk memaksimalkan laba yang diperoleh sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ROA.
Sistem Otomatisasi Kantor di Perusahaan Y Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Yusuf Ramayani , Hendrayati Heny , Adi Wibowo Lili , Hadiaty Fifit
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem otomatisasi perkantoran terhadap kinerja karyawan di Perusahaan Y. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan  kuantitatif Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua, yaitu Sistem Otomatisasi Kantor (x) dan Kinerja Karyawan (y). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Sistem Otomatisasi Kantor (SOK) berpengaruh secara simultan dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y). Hasil Uji Simultan atau Bersama-sama (Uji F) menunjukkan bahwa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat yaiitu Struktur Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Hal ini terbukti dari hasil nilai sig. F (0,022) < sig. α (0,05) dan hasil koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R Square) sebesar 0,028 atau setara dengan 28 % yang artinya variabel bebas dapat memengaruhi variabel terikat sebesar28 % sedangkan 72 % sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kemampuan karyawan dalam menghadapi era revolusi industri 4.0 bukan hanya ditunjang oleh SOK tetapi banyak faktor lain yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan yang dapat diteliti oleh peneliti selanjutnya.
Flexible Working Space (FWS) Solusi Kerja New Normal di Indonesia
Authors: Azizah Siti Nur , Sri Wahyuningsih
Published: January 2021

Pandemi virus corona dengan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) di sejumlah wilayah telah memaksa masyarakat beradaptasi dengan cepat, termasuk dalam bekerja. Konsep Flexible Work Space (FWS)  kini banyak dipakai untuk menjaga produktivitas optimal di tengah berbagai pembatasan. FWS erat kaitannya dengan bonus demografi, generasi milenial, dan generasi Z di sisi suplai, dan industrial 4.0 di sisi demand pasar tenaga kerja. Milenial dan Gen-Z dalam beberapa literatur teoritis dan empiris dikenal sebagai generasi yang digital natives, pengguna teknologi , yang lebih tinggi team-oriented. Pandemi Covid-19 menjadikan wacana flexible working space yang sebelumnya sudah banyak dibicarakan, perlu ditindaklanjuti lebih serius oleh pemerintah dan juga para pelaku usaha.
Analisis Perhitungan Penyusutan Aktiva Tetap Komersial Dan Fiskal Terhadap Nilai Buku Di Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Suratno
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk membandingkan analisis perhitungan penyusutan aktiva  tetap  komersial  dan  fiskal terhadap nilai buku di Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian  deskriptif dengan  pendekatan  kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan  metode  penyusutan  garis lurus secara  komersial dan  fiskal. Perbandingan hasil perhitungan aktiva tetap tahun 2019 secara komersial dan fiskal terdapat perbedaan/selisih jumlah biaya penyusutan, akumulasi penyusutan, dan nilai buku masing-masing sebesar Rp 2.420.875, Rp 75.940.100 dan Rp 75.940.100.
Analisis Tingkat Perputaran Elemen Modal Kerja Terhadap Return On Investment PT. Petrokimia Gresik Periode 2014-2017
Authors: Yuliyanto Wakhid , Mulyanto
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui Tingkat Perputaran Modal Kerja, Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang dan Perputaran Persedian terhadap Return On Investment  PT. Petrokimia Gresik periode 2014-2017. Subjek penelitian ini adalah PT Petrokimia Gresik dan objek penelitian Laporan keuangan periode 2014-2017 dalam laporan Neraca, laporan Laba Rugi dan laporan Arus Kas. Metode penelitian adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data adalah kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dari tahun 2014-2017 diketahui tingkat perputaran modal kerja dikategorikan baik yaitu 11,1 kali. Tingkat Perputaran kas dikategorikan baik yaitu 10,9 kali.  Tingkat perputaran piutang dikategorikan kurang baik yaitu 3,4 kali. Tingkat perputaran persediaan dikategorikan kurang baik yaitu 4 kali. Kinerja Return On Investment dikategorikan kurang baik yaitu 4,7%. PT Pertrokimia Gresik selama 2014-2017 kurang baik karena perputaran masih ada yang di bawah standar industri dan perusahaan belum memaksimalkan laba (BUMN).
Analisis Pengelolaan Piutang Pada Koperasi XYZ Periode Tahun 2016-2018
Authors: Mulyanto
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan metode analisa perhitungan rata-rata piutang, perputaran piutang dan ACP. Dalam penyusunannya menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata piutang tahun 2016-2017 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 10% sedangkan tahun 2017-2018 mengalami penurunan 2,0%. Perputaran piutang tahun 2016-2018 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,56 kali dan 0,02 kali. ACP tahun 2016 yaitu 34 hari dan tahun 2017-2018 turun menjadi 32 hari. Laporan Kesehatan Keuangan Koperasi XYZ memiliki nilai dengan total 80 dan tergolong sehat. Melihat hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa walaupun Laporan Kesehatan Keuangan Koperasi XYZ tergolong sehat, akan tetapi kinerja keuangan Koperasi XYZ dalam keadaan kurang baik, karena terjadi ketidakseimbangan keuangan koperasi antara pengeluaran dengan pemasukan koperasi
Remote Proceedings in the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, German A. S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Currently, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, like many state bodies, is faced with a global challenge – the coronavirus pandemic, which has affected all public processes. The need for social distancing has contributed to the more active use of modern technologies that facilitate remote court hearings. Theoretical basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study were the Russian and foreign scientific works devoted to the problems of introducing information technologies into judicial activity. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach that made it possible to consider the possibilities of remote justice in its relationship to significant factors of a legal and organisational nature. The study used the methods of logical generalisations, analysis and synthesis, together with a systematic approach and the method of comparative jurisprudence. Results. The article briefly presents the results of a systematic analysis of measures carried out by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation aimed at ensuring the widespread use of remote technologies in the administration of justice. Discussion and Conclusion. Given the current pandemic situation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has introduced integrated related web conferencing and video conferencing technologies for remote court hearings. These technologies began to be actively used by courts during the pandemic period. Their application ensures a reasonable time frame for legal proceedings and makes it possible to ensure the availability of justice even in conditions of social distancing. The undoubted advantage of remote technologies is their potential to reduce procedural costs in the course of legal proceedings. However, the issues under consideration require further research, as well as preparation of conceptual suggestions to the legislator aimed at optimising procedural legislation.
Protection of the Right to Respect for Private Life of Judges: Positions of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Fomina L.Yu.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Judges are required to observe certain rules of conduct, some of which can be considered as interference in the sphere of private life. Because of this, the issues of defining the boundaries of the judge’s private life and the possibility of violating them are very relevant. The European Court of Human Rights has a certain practice of protecting the right to respect for private life in relation to judges. This article is devoted to its research. Theoretical Basis. Methods. When writing the article, the authors studied scientific works on the problems of judicial ethics, standards of behavior of public servants, protection of the right to respect for private and family life, and the relationship between private life and public service. The main attention is paid to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of protecting the private life of judges. Results. The understanding of the private life of a judge based on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights is studied. The approaches applied to the assessment of such violations are considered. The criteria for the permissibility of state interference in the right to respect the private life of a judge are studied. Discussion and Conclusion. In accordance with the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the sphere of a judge’s private life is interpreted broadly, including professional activities. To identify interference in the private life of a judge, it is important to analyze his behavior in terms of the requirements imposed on him, the consequences of interference for himself or his close circle. A key role in assessing the permissibility of interference, taking into account the criteria of legality, legitimate purpose, and necessity in a democratic society, should be assigned to establishing a fair balance of public and private interests.
Philosophy of Law in the Ruins of the Post-War Period: Commentary on the Report of Monica Frommel
Authors:   University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, Ruthers B.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the reasons for the radical changes in German law in 1945–1949. Special attention is paid to the problems of legal science, especially the philosophy of law. The need to differentiate the interpretation of law and judicial rule-making is articulated indicated.
Court and Environment Protection in USA
Authors: Broslavsky L. I.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The article discusses one of the essential problems the global community faces that demands international solutions – environmental protection. Environmental policies have become one of the important government functions in industrialized countries, and are needed to be carried out by all branches of power. The judicial branch is one of them. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of scientists of the political and legal systems of Russia and the United States. The author used a comparative analysis of Russian and American court practices relating to environmental protection. Results. There are two separate and parallel court systems in the United States, Federal and State. US environmental law includes statutes and regulations (written laws by legislative and executive branches) and common law (precedent law through judicial decisions). The structure and practice of the American court systems is of interest and potential use to Russian scholars and professionals. Discussion and Conclusion. Legal actions in court are essential to ensure compliance with the law, environmental protection, and safeguarding of the constitutional right of citizens to live in a safe and healthy environment as an indispensable part of the quality of life.
Categories – an Attribute of Scientific and Sociotransformative Activity
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Antyushin S. S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Cognition is an essentially human attribute; a cultural entity and a precondition for social progress, in which categorisation and methodological significance play a key role. But the essence and functions of such categories can also cause disagreement in the scientific community. Hence the importance of understanding the origin, essence and meaning of categories by implication. Theoretical Basis. Methods. In order to fully and thoroughly comprehend the essence, role, types and functions of categories, it is necessary to employ rational systemic and dialectic methods, and also semantic analysis. Results. After due consideration of these issues, there was a increased conviction that categories are the most important tools, guidelines, foundations and outcomes of cognitive activity. The importance of categories in scientific research, in ensuring day-to-day life of society, as well as in the development of special knowledge systems and the implementation of specific types of social practice, is high. It is determined by the place of categories in the lexicon of science and social reproduction, in the organization of essential social activities, all of which would be impossible without having a theoretical, political and organizational uniqueness. A more complete and deeper understanding of the place of categories can be found in their origin and etymology, in the very concept of ”category” and in the essence of certain categories. Of great importance is also the typology of categories, as well as the functions and limits of their application. An important result of the study is the conclusion that categories do not ultimately give rise to fundamental contradictions between researchers of various specialisations. On the contrary, good and skilful use of categories makes it possible to gain a full perception of reality and interaction. Discussion and Conclusion. Understanding categories has become an important factor in the development of science and society. These findings present further opportunities for the development of science, technology, and the improvement of social relationships.
Prevention of Abuse of Procedural Rights and Stimulation of Parties Good Faith of Conduct
Authors: KOROL Oleksandra
Published: January 2021

In this article, a comparative legal and empirical study of the principle of good faith in law and the prevention of abuse of procedural rights as one of its element are conducted. These phenomena should be recognized as relevant objects for research, given that in civil procedural Ukraine specific measures were taken to prevent abuse of procedural rights for the first time, during the reform of the legislation in 2017, and unfortunately such actions occur as a habits of legal reality of Ukraine. in court practice quite often. Given the need to ensure effective protection of rights through timely and proportionate consideration of the case by the courts, their proper application is essential for science and practice. The article analyzes the provisions of the civil procedural law of Ukraine, where for the first time this institute was reflected in the legislation in the wording of 2017, as well as other states (Italy, England and Wales, France, Australia). It also analyzed the practice of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, which reveals the concept of bona fide as a principle of law, as well as examines the institute of abuse of procedural rights as one of the manifestations of implementation of this principle, specific manifestations of unfair behavior of participants of the process, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.
The analyzed provisions of the civil procedural legislation, which stipulates the ways of overcoming the abuse of procedural rights, as well as the doctrines, allowed the conclusions to substantiate more rational approaches to the prevention of abuse of procedural rights in civil proceedings. In particular, ensuring the cooperation of judges and parties and defining their roles not from the standpoint of antagonistic approaches, but based on the ideas of sustainable development, will overcome the major pressing problems of modern civil justice. The introduction of rational measures to prevent abuse of procedural rights and to encourage parties to act in good faith will ensure the efficiency and accessibility of justice.
Keywords: civil justice, principle of good faith, the principle of court cooperation with the parties, abuse of procedural rights, reconciliation of the parties.
The Grounds for Detention of a Person on Suspect of a Criminal Offense
Authors: VOLKOTRUB Serhii
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of a number of controversial issues in the science of criminal procedure and the practice of pre-trial investigation, prosecution and court to understand the grounds for criminal detention on suspicion of committing a criminal offense and a number of related concepts. Emphasis is placed on a certain inconsistency of the legislator when detailing in the criminal procedural legislation the provisions of Art. 29 of the Constitution of Ukraine, in particular in terms of determining the grounds for detention of a person without a prior court decision (decision of the investigating judge) in Art. 208 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CPC of Ukraine). It is proved that the provisions of Part 3 of Art. 29 of the Constitution of Ukraine, namely the wording «in case of urgent need to prevent a crime or stop it» as a ground for detention of a person without a prior court decision cannot be supplemented or expanded. Instead, in Part 1 of Art. 208 of the CPC of Ukraine defines the list of cases of detention of a person without a court decision, in connection with which there are good reasons to doubt their compliance with the above constitutional norm. Therefore, the topical issue is the development of scientific and theoretical foundations for further improvement of the provisions of Part 1 of Art. 208 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is argued that the legislator’s use of the term «immediately after the crime» in the above article causes at least a number of inconsistencies and misunderstandings, and in some situations may lead to violations of a person’s right to liberty and personal integrity due to too loose understanding of law enforcement timeframes and facts, which occurred after the commission of a criminal offense. The article argues that the gravity and public danger of a crime committed cannot in itself serve as a sufficient reason for introducing exceptions to the general rules of detention of a person suspected of committing such a crime. The author concluded that it is necessary to obtain prior court permission to detain a person suspected of committing a serious or especially serious corruption crime, referred by law to the NABU, if there are no grounds for detention, defined in Part 3 of Art. 29 of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Keywords: personal immunity, restriction of the rights of a person, detention, a person suspected of commission of a crime, guarantees of the rights of a person.
The Problem of Individualization in Revealing Humanistic Anthropocentrism of the Renaissance
Authors: PYLYPYSHYN Pavlo
Published: January 2021

It has been proved that after the Middle Ages a new philosophical and legal worldview started to shape, which ensured a significant development of the philosophy of law that enabled emerging individualism. In the philosophy of the Renaissance, the problem of individualism changed its vector from the objective world to all spheres of social life that led to a rise of individual consciousness, causing human’s discovery of itself as a subject of activity. It has been established that the changes also occurred in the type of thinking that moved from collectivist to new thinking focused on defending dignity, the value of an individual, showing interest to interpersonal relationships, respect to individual sense of being, increasing attention to the process of self-knowledge, awareness of individual notion of oneself. It has been proved that the Renaissance relieved a human from external authorities and gave him a space of freedom, in which new notions of human’s place in the world appeared: the role of the state in organizing public life, the importance of social and individual values in taking significant decisions. It has been found out that the reasons that contributed to the emergence of a new individualism in the Renaissance era, in our opinion, include: the replacement of Christian theocentrism with humanistic anthropocentrism; integration of aesthetic and moral ideas taken from the ancient world order; the exit of individual freedom of the subjective «I» from the category of universal, denying the fundamental foundations of the latter; growth of intellectual movement; formation of new economic relations based on the freedom of economic entities; growth of free market economy, raising the prestige of educated people; proclamation of the right to individual initiative, self-awareness; the rise of individual religious consciousness; affirmation of the priority of human nature over the immanent reality; human’s discovery of itself as a subject of activity and law; fast growth of interest to self-knowledge, awareness of individual notion of oneself, transformation of a view of human nature and its relationship with the social and legal aspects of life, significance if internal motifs of individual actions as part of social and legal evaluation of an individual, focusing on humanism.
Keywords: individualism, individualization, individuality, personality, individual, Renaissance, freedom.
Unitaristics in the System of Scientific Knowledge on Unitarianism: Problems of Conceptualization and Institutionalization
Authors: BATANOV Oleksandr
Published: January 2021

The conceptual problems of the formation of the national doctrine of unitarism are covered. Recognizing the fact that the most multifaceted and complex problem is the establishment of the optimal form of government in Ukraine, it is proposed to introduce a separate vector in national constitutional science and education — unitaristics. In spite of the fact that in the field of political and legal science in general and modern constitutionalism, the issue of unitarism is quite actively discussed by scholars, scientists, politicians and public figures, the scientific knowledge in this field remains extremely controversial and fragmentary.
Analyzing the complex of essential and substantive characteristics of unitarism as a phenomenon of modern constitutional law, outlines perspective directions of development of the unitarian doctrine. The synergistic connection between the theory of modern unitarism, the principles of unitarity of the state territory and the fundamental institutions of political-legal and state-administrative life of modern unitary states is shown. It proves that the unitary system is not only one of the important components of the process of achieving the tasks, goals and functions of most modern states, but also an immanent feature and strategic element of the mechanism of exercising their sovereign rights.
Considering that unitarism is a multidimensional socio-political and constitutional phenomenon: it is an idea, a theory, a scientific direction, and a global social and constitutional practice, and a constitutional form of the existence and functioning of territorial communities, and the historical state of national statehood and Ukrainian regional civilization, and the form of realization of national identity and citizenship, etc., concludes the relevance and necessity of forming a unitarianist discourse in modern constitutional law science and education.
In the opinion of the author, consistent conceptualization and institutionalization of the unitarianist will allow us to understand the deep processes that determine the emergence of the phenomenon of national unitarism, testify to the enormous civilizational role and axiological, ontological, epistemological, functional and psycho-logical features in the course of its political structuring, formation of market economy relations, implementation of eco-humanistic national security and defense.
Keywords: unitaristics, unitarism, unitarian, territory, state, state system, unitary system, administrative and territorial system.
Sources of Law Formation: Particular Methodological Aspects
Authors: ZHURAVSKA Olena
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes some methodological aspects of the law formation sources. In the juridical literature, natural law refers to the ideological or ideal sources of law. The idea of law always precedes law, as first comes an idea of the proper law, which should be enshrined at the state level, and only then a real legal system is created. Although the idea of law has a potential reality only, it is so essential that it gives normative force to positive law. Such concepts as «human dignity», «freedom», «equality», «justice» are perceived today not only as the principles of law, but also as its basic ideas, since law is not only a legal mechanism, but also a set of legal ideas, including the ideas and ideals formed on their basis as the concepts of perfection of legal phenomena. Positive law, which implies the unity of rights and obligations, as well as the unity of coercion and incentives, also requires ideological content reflecting the influence of philosophical and law concepts. The importance of the philosophical concept of the obligatory is in the modelling of the ideal law, and the legal prohibitions and obligations that correspond to human nature. Although there are fair reservations that law has always been and still is represented in the form of strict coercive regulations, violation of which is punishable by the state (positive law). However, the sources of the positive law development are the changes in the ideological content of law that is in the idea of what the law should be. If we consider law as a reality that combines, rather than opposes the natural-legal and positive-legal dimension, i.e. the ideal and the real, we can reasonably agree that such a combination takes place in the field of communication. While the law being a communicative interaction of the ideal and the real can be considered as an aspect of the proper, which is manifested in values, principles, and standards. Many objective and subjective factors are involved in the process of law formation, as law by its nature is integrative and reflects the principles of all social relations regulated by it. Anthropological and social factors influencing the consciousness of people involved in social relations play a decisive role in the formation of law. This makes it possible to approach the sources of law formation as anthropic and social factors that influence the creation and development of law.
Keywords: law, research methodology, sources of law formation, types of legal consciousness, communicative approach.