bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiome composition of the marine sponge Cliona varians at the neotropical southern Caribbean Sea displays a predominant core of Rhizobiales and Nitrosopumilaceae
Authors: Sánchez-Suárez Jeysson , Díaz Luis , Junca Howard , Garcia-Bonilla Erika , Villamil Luisa
Published: July 2022

Aims

This work aims to characterize the microbial diversity of the encrusting sponge Cliona varians, a pore-forming and coral reef bioeroding marine sponge of emerging spread related to ocean acidification.

Methods and results

We analysed the microbiome composition by 16S V4 amplicon next-generation sequencing in a community of the bioeroding coral reef encrusting/excavating marine sponge Cliona varians thriving at the Southern Caribbean Sea. About 87.21% and 6.76% of the sequences retrieved were assigned to the domain Bacteria and Archaea. The most predominant operational taxonomic units were classified as members of the order Rhizobiales and family Nitrosopumilaceae, representing members of not yet characterized genera. Features found strictly conserved in the strain/genomic representatives reported in those microbial taxa are nitrogen fixation and transformation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest, in accordance with recent results, that these microbiome members and associated functions could be contributing to the biological fitness of the sponge to be able to colonize and bioerode in environments with low access and scarce availability of nitrogen sources.

Significance and Impact of Study

Coral reefs bioresources such as sponge holobionts are intriguing and complex ecosystem units. This study contributes to the knowledge of how C. varians microbiota is composed or shaped, which is crucial to understand its ecological functions.
Editorial to Part I “Revisioning, Rethinking, Restructuring Gender at Work: Quo Vadis Gender Stereotypes?”
Authors: Hernandez Bark Alina S. , Junker Nina M. , Kark Ronit , Morgenroth Thekla , Peus Claudia , van Dick Rolf
Published: July 2022

The papers in this Special Issue Part I “Revisioning, Rethinking, Restructuring Gender at Work: Quo Vadis Gender Stereotypes?” focus on the current state of gender inequality, particularly stereotypes. We present studies showing that differences in gender stereotypes still exist, confirm disadvantages for women in male‐dominated roles and sectors and when the employment sector is not specified, but also disadvantages for men in female‐dominated roles and sectors. In contrast to this general trend, one paper in Part II of this Special Issue found a preference for women over men as job candidates in their study. Incongruence emerged as a striking common theme to explain these gender differences, whereby some studies focused on the perceived incongruence from the actor's perspective and how external factors contribute to these perceptions, whereas others looked at the perceived incongruence from the observer's perspective. We summarize the papers and briefly discuss the key points of Part I at the end of this editorial.
Cross‐linked hyaluronic acid gel with or without a collagen matrix in the treatment of class III furcation defects: A histologic and histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Shirakata Yoshinori , Imafuji Takatomo , Nakamura Toshiaki , Shinohara Yukiya , Iwata Masayuki , Setoguchi Fumiaki , Noguchi Kazuyuki , Sculean Anton
Published: July 2022

Aim

To histologically evaluate the effects of cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) with or without a collagen matrix (CM) on periodontal wound healing/regeneration in class III furcation defects in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Class III furcation defects were surgically created in the mandibular premolars in six beagle dogs. The defects were randomly treated as follows: open flap debridement (OFD) + CM (CM), OFD + xHyA (xHyA), OFD + xHyA + CM (xHyA/CM) and OFD alone (OFD). At 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized for histological evaluation.

Results

The newly formed bone areas in the xHyA (4.04 ± 1.51 mm2) and xHyA/CM (4.32 ± 1.14 mm2) groups were larger than those in the OFD (3.25 ± 0.81 mm2) and CM (3.31 ± 2.26 mm2) groups. The xHyA (6.25 ± 1.45 mm) and xHyA/CM (6.40 ± 1.35 mm) groups yielded statistically significantly (p < .05) greater formation of new connective tissue attachment (i.e., new cementum, with inserting connective tissue fibres) compared with the OFD (1.47 ± 0.85 mm) group. No significant differences were observed in any of the histomorphometric parameters between the xHyA and xHyA/CM groups. Complete furcation closure was not observed in any of the four treatment modalities.

Conclusions

Within their limits, the present results suggest that the use of xHyA with or without CM positively influences periodontal wound healing in surgically created, acute‐type class III furcation defects.
Abdominal aortic calcification is associated with Fibrosis‐4 index and low body mass index in type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Togashi Yu , Miyashita Daisuke , Tsuno Takahiro , Inoue Ryota , Okuyama Tomoko , Kyohara Mayu , Nishiyama Kuniyuki , Arai Masanori , Kanematsu Kenta , Kanataki Soichiro , Terauchi Yasuo , Shirakawa Jun
Published: July 2022

Aims/Introduction

This study aimed to clarify the nature of the relationship between the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) grade and the presence of cardiovascular diseases, and determine factors related to AAC grade in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cross‐sectional study enrolled 264 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The AAC score and length were measured using the lateral abdominal radiographs. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between AAC scores/lengths and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral infarction (CI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The correlation between AAC scores/lengths and other clinical factors were evaluated using linear regression models.

Results

The AAC score was significantly correlated with prevalent CAD and CI independent of age and smoking, but not with the prevalence of PAD. AAC length was not significantly correlated with the presence of CAD, CI or PAD; however, the sample size was insufficient to conclude, probably due to low prevalence. Both the AAC score and length were correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI) and, with the Fibrosis‐4 (Fib‐4) index >2.67; these correlations were significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and BMI, although AAC was not associated with ultrasonography‐diagnosed fatty liver. There was a significant interaction between BMI and Fib‐4 index; lower BMI and Fib‐4 index >2.67 showed a synergistic association with high AAC grade.

Conclusions

AAC score is associated with CAD and CI morbidity in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low BMI and Fib‐4 index >2.67 can be valuable indicators of AAC in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
β cell replacement therapy for the cure of diabetes
Authors: Lee Joonyub , Yoon Kun‐Ho
Published: July 2022

Islet transplantation is an important option in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, a donor shortage and immunosuppressant‐related complications are the current major hurdles of islet transplantation. In this review, we discuss recent updates on islet transplantation to overcome these current obstacles and we share our perspectives on future β cell replacement therapy.
‘Medical Corona Science’: Philosophical and systemic issues: Re‐thinking medicine? On the epistemology of Corona medicine
Authors: Tretter Felix , Marcum James
Published: July 2022

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives

The disciplinary profile and the quality of production of knowledge on Corona pandemic is studied. This scientific field is called ‘Medical Corona Science’.

Methods

Criteria of analytical philosophy of science and science studies are systematically applied.

Results

It is shown that mainly auxiliary medical disciplines such as virology and epidemiology but not clinical disciplines provide Corona knowledge. We see a laboratory‐centered, technology‐ and data‐driven science, largely ignoring clinical issues. Therefore we call these approaches “Medical Corona Science” (MCS). We see the need to adapt to features of a ‘post‐normal science’, a ‘mode 2 science’ and of ‘Integration and Implementation Science’, especially as clinical knowledge must be integrated. There is also a severe lack of theoretical considerations that could help to frame the pandemic as a complex dynamic system.

Conclusions

We suggest a deeper meta‐scientific discussion of the epistemic value of MCS and propose the application of tools from systems science.
Comparison of the effects of psoriasis and vitiligo on retina pigment epithelium thickness
Authors: Toptan Müslüm , Aksoy Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Objective

The purpose of the study was to compare retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) thickness in patients with psoriasis and vitiligo.

Materials and Methods

The right eyes of 67 psoriasis and 65 vitiligo patients and 71 healthy individuals were included in the study. The RPE thicknesses were analyzed with the spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography after routine ophthalmological examinations (SD‐OCT).

Results

No statistically significant differences were detected when psoriasis and vitiligo patients were compared in terms of RPE levels (p = 0.033). When compared with the Control Group, no significant differences were found with psoriasis patients, but a significant difference was detected with vitiligo patients (p = 0.515, p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Although no changes were detected in RPE in psoriasis, the decreased RPE thickness in vitiligo may be an indicator of the effect of melanin loss on the posterior segment of the eye in vitiligo. For this reason, measurement of RPE thickness with OCT can help in detecting the damage in vitiligo patients.
The associations between the clinical course of children with tracheostomy and their mothers' depression, burnout, burden, and self‐esteem
Authors: Gursoy Tugba Ramasli , Eyuboglu Tugba Sismanlar , Aslan Ayse Tana , Pekcan Sevgi , Buyukkaya Eda Zeynep , Hangul Melih , Kose Mehmet , Budakoglu Isıl Irem , Soysal Sebnem
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of children with tracheostomy and the predictors of psychological status of their primary caregivers in order to determine the associations between the children's clinical course with their caregivers' psychological status.

Background

The caregivers of children with tracheostomy are responsible for providing basic tracheostomy care at home. All these responsibilities may be associated with significant changes in family members' lifestyles, daily routines and family dynamics.

Design

This study is a cross sectional study.

Methods

Data of the family's socioeconomic status and clinical status of children with tracheostomy were noted in four paediatric pulmonology centers. The Beck Depression Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, and Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale were used for psychological measurements of the caregivers. The STROBE checklist was used for this study.

Results

Eighty‐five children and their primary caregivers were enrolled in the study. The children's median age was 4.1 years. Thirty‐eight of them were dependent on home ventilators. Twenty‐one had bacterial colonisation. All children's primary caregivers were their mothers. Beck Depression Inventory scores of mothers of children with colonisation were higher. Number of hospitalizations in previous 6 months was related to mothers' emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores. Duration of children's hospitalizations in previous 6 months was positively correlated to mothers' emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and Beck Depression Inventory scores.

Conclusions

Mothers of children with tracheostomy may experience psychological conditions, such as high levels of depression, burnout, burden and low levels of self‐esteem. Frequent and long‐term hospitalizations of children correlated with mother's depression and burnout. Therefore, primary caregivers should be evaluated and supported psychologically.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Preventing mothers of children with tracheostomy from experiencing psychological conditions such as depression, burnout, burden and low self‐esteem can also increase the quality of care for children.
What Do White Parents Teach Youth About Race? Qualitative Examination of White Racial Socialization
Authors: Freeman McKenna , Martinez Andrew , Raval Vaishali V.
Published: July 2022

Research has examined racial socialization practices within families of color, but less is known regarding what White parents teach their children about race and/or racism. To explore White racial socialization processes, we interviewed 30 White parents of White children ages 7–17 years living in the Midwest. Using thematic analysis, we identified 22 themes organized into four domains: Content of conversations, factors to consider in socialization, developmental differences, and White identity/privilege. A majority of parents reported conversations about current or historic racial events, while relatively few also reported speaking specifically about systemic racism and microaggressions. Parents viewed adolescents as better able to handle difficult topics than children. Findings contribute to theoretical frameworks and may inform the development of educational resources.
Withholding self‐employed and business incomes: An application to Italian firms
Authors: Marino Maria Rosaria , Pollastri Corrado , Zanardi Alberto
Published: July 2022

The paper proposes the application of a generalised withholding tax scheme to business‐to‐business transactions, in order to combat the evasion of income‐related taxes levied on self‐employed workers and businesses, as an alternative to the standard regime based on self‐reporting. The scheme proposed here is comprehensive in scope, since it applies to all B2B transactions involving the self‐employed and businesses, and can be regarded as an extension of the withholding tax regimes which are currently applied to specific sectors and/or business categories and self‐employed taxpayers in some countries. We argue, even on the basis of a simple conceptual framework, that the benefit of extending such a withholding mechanism to profit taxes is twofold. On the one hand, consisting of an advance payment on the effective profit tax liability, it contributes to curbing tax evasion due to non‐payment in a system characterised by a standard self‐reporting mechanism. On the other hand, and more importantly, the withholding system—retaining information about each transaction subjected to it—enhances third‐party information reporting if the withholding tax is applied to transactions that are otherwise excluded. This paper offers details on operational aspects of the proposed withholding tax mechanism. In particular, a critical issue in implementing the withholding regime lies in the choice of the tax rate, and more specifically in setting a level that is effective in reducing tax evasion without generating excessive tax refunds. This issue is discussed by applying the withholding mechanism to balance sheet microdata of all non‐financial Italian companies.
The integration host factor regulates multiple virulence pathways in bacterial pathogen Dickeya zeae MS2
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Hu Ming , Hu Anqun , Xue Yang , Wang Si , Liu Fan , Li Chuhao , Zhou Xiaofan , Zhou Jianuan
Published: July 2022

Dickeya zeae is an aggressive bacterial phytopathogen that infects a wide range of host plants. It has been reported that integration host factor (IHF), a nucleoid‐associated protein consisting of IHFα and IHFβ subunits, regulates gene expression by influencing nucleoid structure and DNA bending. To define the role of IHF in the pathogenesis of D. zeae MS2, we deleted either and both of the IHF subunit encoding genes ihfA and ihfB, which significantly reduced the production of cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs), an unknown novel phytotoxin and the virulence factor‐modulating (VFM) quorum‐sensing (QS) signal, cell motility, biofilm formation, and thereafter the infection ability towards both potato slices and banana seedlings. To characterize the regulatory pathways of IHF protein associated with virulence, IHF binding sites (consensus sequence 5′‐WATCAANNNNTTR‐3′) were predicted and 272 binding sites were found throughout the genome. The expression of 110 tested genes was affected by IHF. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed direct interaction of IhfA protein with the promoters of vfmE, speA, pipR, fis, slyA, prtD, hrpL, hecB, hcp, indA, hdaA, flhD, pilT, gcpJ, arcA, arcB, and lysR. This study clarified the contribution of IHF in the pathogenic process of D. zeae by controlling the production of VFM and putrescine QS signals, phytotoxin, and indigoidine, the luxR‐solo system, Fis, SlyA, and FlhD transcriptional regulators, and secretion systems from type I to type VI. Characterization of the regulatory networks of IHF in D. zeae provides a target for prevention and control of plant soft rot disease.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Spinal Column after Percutaneous Cement Discoplasty: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Li Shuang , Xu Baoshan , Liu Yancheng , Zhang Jingyu , Xu Guijun , Shao Pengfei , Li Xiaoye , Hu Yongcheng , Ma Xinlong
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare the biomechanical properties of percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) in the spinal column between different implant‐endplate friction.

Methods

A validated L3‐Scarumfinite element (FE) model was modified for simulation. In the PCD model, the L4/5 level was modified based on model 1 (M1) and model 2 (M2). In M1, the interaction between bone cement and endplate was defined as face‐to‐face contact with a friction coefficient of 0.3; in M2, the contact was defined as a Tie constraint. 7.5 N m moments of four physiological motions and axial load of 15, 100 and 400 N preload were imposed at the top of L3. The range of motion (ROM) and interface stress analysis of endplates, annulus fibrosus and bone cement of the operated level were calculated for comparisons among the three models.

Results

The ROM of M1 and M2 increased when compared with the intact model during flexion (FL) (17.5% vs 10.0%), extension (EX) (8.8% vs −8.8%), left bending (LB) (19.0% vs −17.2%) and left axial rotation (LR) (34.6% vs −3.8%). The stress of annulus fibrosus in M1 and M2 decreased in FL (−48.4% vs −57.5%), EX (−25.7% vs −14.7%), LB (−47.5% vs −52.4%), LR (−61.4% vs −68.7%) and axis loading of 100 N (−41.5% vs −15.3%), and 400 N (−27.9% vs −27.3%). The stress of upper endplate of M1 and M2 increased in FL (24.6% vs 24.7%), LB (82.2% vs 89.5%), LR (119% vs 62.4%) and axis loading of 100 N (64.6% vs 45.5%), and 400 N (58.2% vs 24.3%), but was similar in EX (2.9% vs 0.3%). The stress of lower endplate of M1 and M2 increased in FL (170.9% vs 175.0%), EX (180.8% vs 207.7%), LB (302.6% vs 274.7%), LR (332.4% vs 132.8%) and axis loading of 100 N (350.7% vs 168.6%), and 400 N (165.2% vs 106.7%).

Conclusion

Percutaneous cement discoplasty procedure could make effect on the mobility or stiffness. The fusion of bone cement and endplate might have more biomechanical advantages, including of the decreasing rate of implant subsidence and dislocation, and the increase spine stability.
Arthroscopic Management of Giant Meniscal Cysts Among Young Patients: An Average Three‐YearMRIFollow‐Up
Authors: Li Hongxing , Li Zhiling , Li Quanchao , Mei Lin , Pierre Bigiriman Simon , Abdullenur Ayub , Huang Tianlong , Wang Wanchun , Mao Xinzhan , Zhu Weihong
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow‐up imaging evaluations.

Methods

A total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study. The age range of the patients was 6–34 years. All patients underwent a complete physical examination, X‐ray, Doppler ultrasound, and MRI of the knee preoperatively. After an arthroscopic diagnosis of a meniscal rupture with a giant meniscal cyst, partial meniscectomy, ablation of the cyst, and suturing of the retainable meniscus were performed. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used preoperatively and at the most recent follow‐up. Clinical outcomes were classified into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. During the last visit, all patients underwent MRI to assess the recurrence of the cyst and meniscal suture healing.

Results

Preoperative MRI and arthroscopic examination revealed giant meniscal cysts combined with meniscal tears and congenital discoid meniscus, and all giant meniscal cysts occurred in the lateral meniscus. The main types of meniscal tears were horizontal and complex tears. The cysts were unicystic in one case and multicystic in eight cases. The mean size of the cysts on the MRI was 5.86 cm × 2.24 cm × 2.48 cm. The mean follow‐up periods were 37.5 (19–60) months. Clinical outcomes were excellent in six patients and good in three patients. The postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative scores (Lysholm: 90.78 ± 4.60vs.54.56 ± 7.25; IKDC: 96.2 ± 3.46vs.61.69 ± 3.36;p <0.01). No recurrence of the cyst was indicated on the MRI, and there was good healing of the torn meniscus.

Conclusions

Arthroscopic cystectomy combined with the meniscus suture technique was effective to eradicate residual cyst cavities, and traffic orifices be highly recommended.
Frameshift Mutation in a Chinese Patient with Brachydactyly Type C Involving the Third Metacarpal: A Case Report
Authors: Li Qiuya , Bai Fan , Chen Shanlin
Published: July 2022

Brachydactyly is a common feature of congenital hand anomalies characterized by shortening of the phalanges and/or metacarpals. Mutation of growth differentiation factor‐5 (GDF5) may result in loss of appearance and function in brachydactyly type C (BDC). Herein, we describe an 11 year‐old Chinese BDC patient with significant shortening of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th digits. Notably, according to the analysis of metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles, we do not think the 4th digit appears unaffected as usual. In this patient a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation was identified (c.349delG) causing termination of translation after translating six amino acids from codon 117 (p.A117fs*6). This mutation is located in the propeptide region of GDF5, causing GDF5 haploinsufficiency in BDC. Considering our results expanding the genetic spectrum of BDC‐causing mutations, further molecular analysis to diagnose and reclassify isolated brachydactyly on the basis of genotype rather than phenotype is warranted.
Toward amicro‐levelperspective of organizational publicness: Felt organizational publicness in the eyes of state government employees
Authors: Min Naon , Yang Kaifeng
Published: July 2022

Organizational publicness is a foundational construct for public administration. It has largely been conceptualized deductively and focuses mostly on the macro‐ and meso‐levels of analysis, leaving under‐explored how public employees perceive it at the micro‐level. Through a grounded theory analysis of state government employees' interview data, this study aims to uncover public officials' perceptions about organizational publicness. We find that participants' perception of organizational publicness is a composite of five themes: four represent the core meanings of felt organizational publicness, essentially reflecting a cultural/ethical perspective (purpose, value, behavior, and outcome), and one represents the context of the meanings (external environment). Linking the dimensions with the literature and publicness at other analytical levels, we discuss the findings' implications. We emphasize that employee perceptions of organizational publicness play an important role in achieving realized publicness.
The significance of WRKY45 transcription factor in metabolic adjustments during dark‐induced leaf senescence
Authors: Barros Jessica A. S. , Cavalcanti João Henrique F. , Pimentel Karla G. , Medeiros David B. , Silva José C. F. , Condori‐Apfata Jorge A. , Lapidot‐Cohen Taly , Brotman Yariv , Nunes‐Nesi Adriano , Fernie Alisdair R. , Avin‐Wittenberg Tamar , Araújo Wagner L.
Published: July 2022

Plants are constantly exposed to environmental changes that affect their performance. Metabolic adjustments are crucial to controlling energy homoeostasis and plant survival, particularly during stress. Under carbon starvation, coordinated reprogramming is initiated to adjust metabolic processes, which culminate in premature senescence. Notwithstanding, the regulatory networks that modulate transcriptional control during low energy remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the WRKY45 transcription factor is highly induced during both developmental and dark‐induced senescence. The overexpression of Arabidopsis WRKY45 resulted in an early senescence phenotype characterized by a reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll levels in the later stages of darkness. The detailed metabolic characterization showed significant changes in amino acids coupled with the accumulation of organic acids in WRKY45 overexpression lines during dark‐induced senescence. Furthermore, the markedly upregulation of alternative oxidase (AOX1a, AOX1d) and electron transfer flavoprotein/ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) genes suggested that WRKY45 is associated with a dysregulation of mitochondrial signalling and the activation of alternative respiration rather than amino acids catabolism regulation. Collectively our results provided evidence that WRKY45 is involved in the plant metabolic reprogramming following carbon starvation and highlight the potential role of WRKY45 in the modulation of mitochondrial signalling pathways.
Chinese immigrant child and maternal reactions to disappointment: Cultural fit impacts the bidirectional associations
Authors: Vu Kathy T. T. , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Halberstadt Amy G.
Published: July 2022

Culture provides a context in which emotion socialization is embedded, and the bidirectional effects between parents’ emotion socialization and children's emotional behaviors may work differently across cultures. To understand how emotion socialization may be shaped by the cultural context, we examined the moderating role of Asian cultural values in bidirectional associations between maternal emotion socialization practices and child anger and sadness. Seventy‐four U.S. Chinese immigrant mothers (Mage = 40.71 years, SD = 3.61) completed measures assessing their Asian cultural values and parenting style. Children experienced a disappointment task in the lab (Cole, 1986), and mothers and their children (Mage = 6.73 years, SD = .95; 55% female) were observed at two different time intervals. Mothers’ socialization practices (emotion dismissing, emotion coaching, and moral and behavioral socialization) and children's anger and sadness responses at both intervals were coded. Mothers’ greater Asian cultural values buffered the negative effects of their emotion dismissing practices on children's anger and sadness. However, Asian cultural values did not impact the effects of children's anger and sadness on mothers’ emotion dismissing practices. When mothers endorsed fewer Asian values, their emotion coaching practices reduced children's anger and sadness. Children's anger and sadness evoked more emotion coaching practices when mothers endorsed lower levels of Asian cultural values. In addition, children's anger and sadness evoked greater moral and behavioral responses from their mothers when mothers endorsed more Asian values. Overall, findings underscored the importance of cultural values in the interplay between mothers’ emotion socialization practices and children's emotions.
An automated workflow that generates atom mappings for large‐scale metabolic models and its application to Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Huß Sebastian , Judd Rika Siedah , Koper Kaan , Maeda Hiroshi A. , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: July 2022

Quantification of reaction fluxes of metabolic networks can help us understand how the integration of different metabolic pathways determines cellular functions. Yet, intracellular fluxes cannot be measured directly but are estimated with metabolic flux analysis (MFA), which relies on the patterns of isotope labeling of metabolites in the network. The application of MFA also requires a stoichiometric model with atom mappings that are currently not available for the majority of large‐scale metabolic network models, particularly of plants. While automated approaches such as the Reaction Decoder Toolkit (RDT) can produce atom mappings for individual reactions, tracing the flow of individual atoms of the entire reactions across a metabolic model remains challenging. Here we establish an automated workflow to obtain reliable atom mappings for large‐scale metabolic models by refining the outcome of RDT, and apply the workflow to metabolic models of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate the accuracy of RDT through a comparative analysis with atom mappings from a large database of biochemical reactions, MetaCyc. We further show the utility of our automated workflow by simulating 15N isotope enrichment and identifying nitrogen (N)‐containing metabolites which show enrichment patterns that are informative for flux estimation in future 15N‐MFA studies of A. thaliana. The automated workflow established in this study can be readily expanded to other species for which metabolic models have been established and the resulting atom mappings will facilitate MFA and graph‐theoretic structural analyses with large‐scale metabolic networks.
Structure‐guided engineering of key amino acids in UGT85B1 controlling substrate and stereo‐specificity in aromatic cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis
Authors: Del Giudice Rita , Putkaradze Natalia , dos Santos Bruna Marques , Hansen Cecilie Cetti , Crocoll Christoph , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Fredslund Folmer , Laursen Tomas , Welner Ditte Hededam
Published: July 2022

Cyanogenic glucosides are important defense molecules in plants with useful biological activities in animals. Their last biosynthetic step consists of a glycosylation reaction that confers stability and increases structural diversity and is catalyzed by the UDP‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) of glycosyltransferase family 1. These versatile enzymes have large and varied substrate scopes, and the structure–function relationships controlling scope and specificity remain poorly understood. Here, we report substrate‐bound crystal structures and rational engineering of substrate and stereo‐specificities of UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor involved in biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. Substrate specificity was shifted from the natural substrate (S)‐p‐hydroxymandelonitrile to (S)‐mandelonitrile by combining a mutation to abolish hydrogen bonding to the p‐hydroxyl group with a mutation to provide steric hindrance at the p‐hydroxyl group binding site (V132A/Q225W). Further, stereo‐specificity was shifted from (S) to (R) by substituting four rationally chosen residues within 6 Å of the nitrile group (M312T/A313T/H408F/G409A). These activities were compared to two other UGTs involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic cyanogenic glucosides in Prunus dulcis (almond) and Eucalyptus cladocalyx. Together, these studies enabled us to pinpoint factors that drive substrate and stereo‐specificities in the cyanogenic glucoside biosynthetic UGTs. The structure‐guided engineering of the functional properties of UGT85B1 enhances our understanding of the evolution of UGTs involved in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides and will enable future engineering efforts towards new biotechnological applications.
Growth and nutrient accumulation metrics of Diodia saponariifolia plants as a potential native cover crop in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Rocha Fernando Igne , Machado Aroldo Ferreira Lopes , Tavares Orlando Carlos Huertas , Chaves Cardoso Jéssica , Uzêda Mariella Camardelli
Published: July 2022

Competition for resources between crops and weeds hinders the increase of production in agroecosystems. The trait‐based plant species selection of cover crops can be a useful tool to suppress competing plants in addition to providing environmental services. Here, we assessed the growth and macronutrient accumulation metrics in Diodia saponariifolia (Rubiaceae) plants, a native cover crop found in family farming systems in southeastern Brazil. Under greenhouse conditions, three viable D. saponariifolia cuttings were planted per tray. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with treatments consisting of plant sampling times, at regular intervals of 7 days between 16 and 93 days after transplanting (DAT) and 15 days between 93 and 138 DAT. Based on dry mass and chemical analysis of leaves, stems, and roots; we fitted the logistic model to explore the metrics of growth and macronutrient accumulation. Overall, the increment in plant dry mass was slow about halfway through the experimental period, being subsequently replaced by a phase of rapid growth. The stem was the plant fraction with the highest relative biomass accumulation. The total macronutrient concentration followed the descending order of K > N > Ca > Mg > P, varying along the plant ontogeny. Considering the nutrient content, the estimated 200 g m−2 of aboveground dry mass, and 0.3 m2 of leaf area, it is suggested to perform the first mechanical weeding along the third month of growth. Our results suggest that D. saponariifolia has satisfactory agronomical features for its establishment as a cover crop in different agricultural contexts.
Molecular and serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mammals in the Taipei Zoo
Authors: Hsu Chin‐Wei , Wang Pao‐Jung , Huang Pei‐Yun , Lien Chen‐Yeh , Wu Li‐Hsin , Lai Yen‐Hsueh , Guo Jun‐Cheng , Chang Yen‐Chen , Cheng Chiu‐Hung , Chang Hui‐Wen
Published: July 2022

Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii affects both conservation and public health efforts. In the Taipei Zoo, toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in ring‐tailed lemurs and a meerkat in 2019 while a freeze–thaw meat strategy had been applied to carnivores before the event. To investigate the possible risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in the Taipei Zoo, 179 veterinary visiting mammals from 2019–2021 and six stray cats were included to detect anti‐T. gondii IgG and IgM in their serum via ELISA, and T. gondii in their faeces and blood via PCR. Although the overall T. gondii IgG seroprevalence was 33.5% and PCR positivity was 16.2% in the zoo mammals, the correlation between T. gondii PCR and systemic IgG results was low. An omnivorous diet (adjusted OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–1.0), a herbivorous diet (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1–9.6), and animals in the Conservation Area where stray cats appeared (adjusted OR = 18.3; 95% CI: 3.9–85.9) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection. The low T. gondii‐specific IgM positivity (0.6%) suggests that most animals did not have acute T. gondii infection. In conclusion, our findings indirectly support that feeding frozen meat to carnivores, cleaning fresh food, and restricting access to stray cats to prevent faecal contaminants could prevent animals from T. gondii exposure.
On the Application of the Area Metric to Validation Exercises of Stochastic Simulations
Authors: Eça L. , Dowding K. , Roache P. J.
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the application of the Area Metric to the quantification of modeling errors. The focus of the discussion is the effect of the shape of the two distributions on the result produced by the Area Metric. Two different examples that assume negligible experimental and numerical errors are presented: the first case has experimental and simulated quantities of interest defined by normal distributions that require the definition of a mean value and a standard deviation; the second example is taken from the V&V10.1 ASME Standard that applies the Area Metric to quantify the modeling error of the tip deflection of a loaded hollow tapered cantilever beam simulated with the static Bernoulli-Euler beam theory.

The first example, shows that relatively small differences between the mean values are sufficient for the area metric to be insensitive to the standard deviation. Furthermore, the example of the V&V10.1 ASME Standard produces an Area Metric equal to the difference between the mean values of experiments and simulations. Therefore, the error quantification is reduced to a single number that is obtained from a simple difference of two mean values. This means that the Area Metric fails to reflect a dependence for the difference in the shape of the distributions representing variability.

The paper also presents an alternative version of the Area Metric that does not filter the effect of the shape of the distributions by utilizing a reference simulation that has the same mean value of the experiments. This means that the quantification of the modeling error will have contributions from the difference in mean values and from the shape of the distributions.
Substrate temperature dependence of GaN film deposited on sapphire substrate by high-density convergent plasma sputtering device
Authors: Motomura Taisei , Tabaru Tatsuo , Uehara Masato
Published: July 2022

Substrate temperature dependence of GaN films deposited on a sapphire substrate was studied by the high-density convergent plasma sputtering device (CPSD). The crystal structure, surface morphology, and film stress of the GaN films were evaluated at 80–800 °C without changing plasma discharge conditions. The deposited GaN films tend to be preferentially oriented on the (0002) plane at all substrate temperature ranges. The in-plane φ-scans of x-ray diffraction measurements showed sixfold symmetric diffraction patterns of GaN(10−10) above 200 °C. At 800 °C, the film stress was down to one tenth compared with 80 °C and the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve at a GaN(0002) diffraction angle reached down to 1.1°. The GaN film deposition condition of 200 °C by CPSD suffices for the alignment of the twist angle of the c axis of GaN.
Reliability and Validity of the Clinometer™ Smartphone Application for Measuring Knee Flexion
Authors: Miley Emilie N. , Reeves Ashley J. , Baker Russell T. , Baker Jayme , Hanna Samantha
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Clinometer™ smartphone application. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated for devices (i.e., goniometer, Clinometer™, bubble inclinometer) using intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. Interinstrument reliability and Clinometer™ validity were also assessed. Intrarater reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients = .70 − .83) and interrater reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient = .63 − .72) across devices. Interinstrument reliability and Clinometer™ validity were supported across analyses. The Clinometer™ is comparable to a goniometer or bubble inclinometer for measuring prone knee flexion.
Global Sport Management Learning From Home: Expanding the International Sport Management Experience Through a Collaborative Class Project
Authors: Davies Melissa , Ströbel Tim
Published: July 2022

This article identifies an innovative solution to improve global sport management learning. Building on continued calls to include both experiential and international sport business curricula in the sport management classroom, this article shows how institutions from different countries can collaborate virtually to provide students with practical international perspectives through an applied sport globalization project. Findings from 30 American and 13 German student reflections were analyzed to reveal the project- and course-related outcomes through this collaborative class project between Ohio University (United States) and the University of Bayreuth (Germany). Students not only identified both soft skills and an appreciation of international sport business endeavors but also noted challenges like the logistics of communicating with groupmates abroad and the challenges within the assignment itself as they considered sport consumption abroad. Beyond the learning outcomes within the course, this article also explores program-level outcomes for the involved institutions and their sport management programs.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies target the coronavirus fusion peptide
Authors: Dacon Cherrelle , Tucker Courtney , Peng Linghang , Lee Chang-Chun D. , Lin Ting-Hui , Yuan Meng , Cong Yu , Wang Lingshu , Purser Lauren , Williams Jazmean K. , Pyo Chul-Woo , Kosik Ivan , Hu Zhe , Zhao Ming , Mohan Divya , Cooper Andrew J. R. , Peterson Mary , Skinner Jeff , Dixit Saurabh , Kollins Erin , Huzella Louis , Perry Donna , Byrum Russell , Lembirik Sanae , Drawbaugh David , Eaton Brett , Zhang Yi , Yang Eun Sung , Chen Man , Leung Kwanyee , Weinberg Rona S. , Pegu Amarendra , Geraghty Daniel E. , Davidson Edgar , Douagi Iyadh , Moir Susan , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Schmaljohn Connie , Crompton Peter D. , Holbrook Michael R. , Nemazee David , Mascola John R. , Wilson Ian A. , Tan Joshua
Published: July 2022

The potential for future coronavirus outbreaks highlights the need to broadly target this group of pathogens. We used an epitope-agnostic approach to identify six monoclonal antibodies that bind to spike proteins from all seven human-infecting coronaviruses. All six antibodies target the conserved fusion peptide region adjacent to the S2′ cleavage site. COV44-62 and COV44-79 broadly neutralize alpha- and betacoronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariants BA.2 and BA.4/5, albeit with lower potency than receptor binding domain–specific antibodies. In crystal structures of COV44-62 and COV44-79 antigen-binding fragments with the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide, the fusion peptide epitope adopts a helical structure and includes the arginine residue at the S2′ cleavage site. COV44-79 limited disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model. These findings highlight the fusion peptide as a candidate epitope for next-generation coronavirus vaccine development.
A bivalent SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody combination does not affect the immunogenicity of a vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in macaques
Authors: Nkolola Joseph P. , Yu Jingyou , Wan Huahua , Chang Aiquan , McMahan Katherine , Anioke Tochi , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Powers Olivia , Ye Tianyi , Chandrashekar Abishek , Sellers Daniel , Barrett Julia , Loo Yueh-Ming , Esser Mark T. , Carnahan Robert H. , Crowe James E. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: July 2022

Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) offer a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given suboptimal global vaccination rates, waning immunity in vaccinated individuals, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, the use of mAbs for COVID-19 prevention may increase and may need to be administered together with vaccines in certain settings. However, it is unknown whether administration of mAbs will affect the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Using an adenovirus vector–based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we show that simultaneous administration of the vaccine with SARS-CoV-2 mAbs does not diminish vaccine-induced humoral or cellular immunity in cynomolgus macaques. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mAbs and viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be administered together without loss of potency of either product. Additional studies will be required to evaluate coadministration of mAbs with other vaccine platforms.
Dominance of
Sulfurospirillum
in Metagenomes Associated with the Methane Ice Worm (Sirsoe methanicola)
Authors: Lim Shen Jean , Thompson Luke R. , Young Craig M. , Gaasterland Terry , Goodwin Kelly D.
Published: July 2022

Methane hydrates represent vast reserves of natural gas with roles in global carbon cycling and climate change. This study provided the first analysis of metagenomes associated with
Sirsoe methanicola
, the only polychaete species known to colonize methane hydrates.
Selection of
Anabaena
sp. PCC 7938 as a Cyanobacterium Model for Biological ISRU on Mars
Authors: Ramalho Tiago P. , Chopin Guillaume , Pérez-Carrascal Olga M. , Tromas Nicolas , Verseux Cyprien
Published: July 2022

The sustainability of crewed missions to Mars could be increased by biotechnologies which are connected to resources available on site via primary producers: diazotrophic, rock-leaching cyanobacteria. Indeed, this could greatly reduce the mass of payloads to be imported from Earth.
Interspecific Interactions Drive Nonribosomal Peptide Production in Nodularia spumigena
Authors: Lage Sandra , Mazur-Marzec Hanna , Gorokhova Elena
Published: July 2022

NRPs were involved in growth responses of both cyanobacteria and algae; however, the primary driver of the growth trajectories was high pH induced by
N. spumigena
. Thus, the pH-mediated inhibition of eukaryotic phytoplankton may be involved in the bloom formation of
N. spumigena
.
A Virion-Based Combination Vaccine Protects against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Disease in Mice
Authors: Chaparian Ryan R. , Harding Alfred T. , Hamele Cait E. , Riebe Kristina , Karlsson Amelia , Sempowski Gregory D. , Heaton Nicholas S. , Heaton Brook E.
Published: July 2022

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants since the onset of the pandemic has highlighted the need for both periodic vaccination “boosts” and a platform that can be rapidly reformulated to manufacture new vaccines. In this work, we report an approach that can utilize current influenza vaccine manufacturing infrastructure to generate combination vaccines capable of protecting from both influenza virus- and SARS-CoV-2-induced disease.
Depicting Fecal Microbiota Characteristic in Yak, Cattle, Yak-Cattle Hybrid and Tibetan Sheep in Different Eco-Regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Zhang Zhichao , Li Biao , Hao Wenjing , Yin Weiwen , Ai Sitong , Han Jing , Wang Rujing , Duan Ziyuan
Published: July 2022

Cattle, yak, and sheep reside as the main ruminants distributed throughout most regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) in China. However, there is a lack of large-scale research in the QTPA on their fecal microbiota, which can regulate and reflect host health as an internalized “microbial organ.” Our study depicted the fecal microbiota community composition and diversity of yak, cattle, yak-cattle hybrids, and Tibetan sheep from 4 eco-regions of the QTPA.
Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Isolates from Patients with Pulmonary Infection in China
Authors: Jin Peipei , Dai Jing , Guo Yinjuan , Wang Xuefeng , Lu Jing , Zhu Yan , Yu Fangyou
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade, infections by
Mycobacterium abscessus
complex (MABC) isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide. MABC strains often show a high incidence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, whereas in Asia, these strains are frequently recovered from non-CF patients with significant genomic diversity.
Proteome Exploration of
Legionella pneumophila
To Identify Novel Therapeutics: a Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach
Authors: Khan Md Tahsin , Mahmud Araf , Hasan Mahmudul , Azim Kazi Faizul , Begum Musammat Kulsuma , Rolin Mohimenul Haque , Akter Arzuba , Mondal Shakhinur Islam
Published: July 2022

Legionella pneumophila
is a human pathogen distributed worldwide, causing Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe form of pneumonia and respiratory tract infection.
L. pneumophila
is emerging as an antibiotic-resistant strain, and controlling LD is now difficult. Hence, developing novel drugs and vaccines against
L. pneumophila
is a major research priority.