bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Algorithm to Improve PrEP Adherence Monitoring Using Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Devanathan Aaron S. , Dumond Julie B. , Anderson Daijha J.C. , Moody Kristen , Poliseno Amanda J. , Schauer Amanda P. , Sykes Craig , Gay Cynthia L. , Rosen Elias P. , Kashuba Angela D.M. , Cottrell Mackenzie L.
Published: January 2023

Tenofovir diphosphate (TFVdp; an active metabolite of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)) is measured in dried blood spots (DBS) to estimate adherence. However, TFVdp's long half‐life in whole blood may lead to misclassification following a recent change in adherence. PrEP's other metabolite, emtricitabine triphosphate (FTCtp), has a shorter half‐life in whole blood but adherence thresholds are undefined. We characterized DBS TFVdp and FTCtp concentrations across many dosing scenarios. Population pharmacokinetic models were fit to TFVdp and FTCtp DBS concentrations from a directly observed therapy study (NCT03218592). Concentrations were simulated for 90 days of daily dosing followed by 90 days of 1 to 7 doses/week and for event‐driven PrEP (edPrEP) scenarios. Thresholds of 1,000 and 200 fmol/punch, for TFVdp and FTCtp, respectively, were reflective of taking 4 doses/week (a minimum target for effective PrEP in men). TFVdp was < 1,000 fmol/punch for 17 days after initiating daily PrEP and > 1,000 fmol/punch for 62 days after decreasing to 3 doses/week. Respectively, FTCtp was < 200 fmol/punch for 4 days and > 200 fmol/punch for 6 days. Accuracy of edPrEP adherence classification depended on duration between last sex act and DBS sampling for both measures with misclassification ranging from 9–100%. These data demonstrate adherence misclassification by DBS TFVdp for 2 months following a decline in adherence, elucidating the need for FTCtp to estimate recent adherence. We provide proof of principle that individualized interpretation is needed to support edPrEP adherence monitoring. Our collective approach facilitates clinicians' ability to interpret DBS results and administer patient‐centric interventions.
Novel Matrix Normalization Technique for Accurate LC‐ESI‐MS/MS Detection and Quantification of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Toxicology Research and Practice
Authors: Rosano Thomas G. , Rumberger John M. , Scholz Kiley L. , Konetchy Robert M. , Wood Michelle
Published: January 2023

Accurate identification and quantification of drugs and their metabolites (analytes) in biological matrices is an analytical foundation of clinical and forensic toxicology. For decades, liquid chromatography interfaced by electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) has been a widely used technology for analysis in the field of toxicology, as well as in many other fields of bioscience. It is also known that ion response in LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis is influenced by coeluting biological compounds and that preanalytical sample clean‐up is often insufficient in removing these interferences. As a result, a normalization technique is commonly used for assessment and compensation of matrix effects encountered in routine analysis. Internal standardization with a stable isotope analog of the analyte is the predominant normalization technique used in LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis. The technique, however, requires commercial availability or costly custom synthesis of an isotopic analog specific for each analyte. Here we describe an alternative technique for matrix normalization for use in high‐volume, multianalyte testing without the need for isotope analogs. The technique involves analysis of the original sample (neat analysis) followed by analysis of a second sample aliquot (spike analysis) that has been fortified with a controlled amount of reference analyte. A calibration procedure similar to internal standardization is employed, using an ion response ratio of neat to fortified analyte. As a demonstration of the technique in multianalyte testing, we provide a detailed protocol for simultaneous detection and quantification of 102 drugs and drug metabolites in human urine. We also provide a support protocol for addition of new analytes to the multianalyte panel, allowing convenient collection of the validation data during routine testing. The matrix normalization technique and testing principles may be applicable to a wide range of analytes and biological matrices, not only those encountered in toxicology but also in other fields of bioscience. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Detection and quantification of 102 toxicology analytes in urine by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis using the threshold accurate calibration technique

Support Protocol: Method for addition and validation of new analytes to expand the Basic Protocol
A successful treatment case of refractory hemorrhagic ulcer with eosinophilic gastritis by endoscopic hand suturing
Authors: Nakagome Shun , Koizumi Eriko , Goto Osamu , Kitamura Michika , Kawami Noriyuki , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Onda Takeshi , Omori Jun , Akimoto Naohiko , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: January 2023

A 78‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a tarry stool. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified tiny oozing on the greater curvature at the antrum. Despite repeated endoscopic hemostasis by coagulation and clipping, rebleeding occurred. On the third rebleeding, we performed endoscopic hand suturing to completely close the ulcer surface. Biopsy showing massive infiltration of eosinophils at the ulcer edge indicated eosinophilic gastritis. After the endoscopic closure by endoscopic hand suturing, the patient had no symptoms of bleeding thereafter and was discharged 19 days after the procedure by taking oral prednisolone. The patient remained well and was continuously treated with a small dose of steroids in outpatient. This is the first case report of the successful application of endoscopic hand suturing to a refractory hemorrhagic ulcer. Further accumulation of clinical experiences is desired to confirm the usefulness of this technique for the prevention of refractory ulcer bleeding.
Augmentation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in cranial neural crest cells in mice deforms skull base due to premature fusion of intersphenoidal synchondrosis
Authors: Ueharu Hiroki , Pan Haichun , Hayano Satoru , Zapien‐Guerra Karen , Yang Jingwen , Mishina Yuji
Published: January 2023

Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a diverse group of disorders affecting the shapes of the face and the head. Malformation of the cranial base in humans leads CFAs, such as midfacial hypoplasia and craniosynostosis. These patients have significant burdens associated with breathing, speaking, and chewing. Invasive surgical intervention is the current primary option to correct these structural deficiencies. Understanding molecular cellular mechanism for craniofacial development would provide novel therapeutic options for CFAs. In this study, we found that enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) (P0‐Cre;caBmpr1a mice) causes premature fusion of intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS) resulting in leading to short snouts and hypertelorism. Histological analyses revealed reduction of proliferation and higher cell death in ISS at postnatal day 3. We demonstrated to prevent the premature fusion of ISS in P0‐Cre;caBmpr1a mice by injecting a p53 inhibitor Pifithrin‐α to the pregnant mother from E15.5 to E18.5, resulting in rescue from short snouts and hypertelorism. We further demonstrated to prevent premature fusion of cranial sutures in P0‐Cre;caBmpr1a mice by injecting Pifithrin‐α through E8.5 to E18.5. These results suggested that enhanced BMP‐p53‐induced cell death in cranial NCCs causes premature fusion of ISS and sutures in time‐dependent manner.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosyl Cyanides by TMSOTf‐Mediated Ring Opening of 1,6‐Anhydro Sugars
Authors: Liang Yan , Laporte Adrien G. , Bodlenner Anne , Compain Philippe
Published: January 2023

We describe herein a convenient access to glycosyl cyanides by way of TMSCN ring opening of 1,6‐anhydro sugars mediated by TMSOTf with modest to high stereocontrol in the D‐gluco, D‐galacto and D‐manno series. The reaction is tolerant to various functional groups including free alcohols, alkenes and terminal alkynes. The straightforward synthesis of a constrained analogue of 1‐cyano‐D‐glucal with a 3,6‐anhydro sugar framework is presented to illustrate the interest of the TMSCN ring‐opening reaction.
Ostrich oil as a fat substitute in milk‐based infant formula
Authors: Dalvi‐Isfahan Mohsen , Moammernezhad Zohreh , Tavakoli Javad
Published: January 2023

In this study, the possibility of replacing vegetable fats with ostrich oil in infant formula (IF) production was investigated. The fatty acid profile, the positional distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerols, the cholesterol content, and the physicochemical properties of ostrich oil were determined and compared with breast milk fat and vegetable oils. In the next step, two infant formulas were produced using ostrich oil and vegetable oils and the physicochemical properties, rheological properties, color parameters, and sensory analysis of the resultant powders were compared. The results showed that the predominant fatty acids in ostrich oil are palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid which is similar to breast milk fat and vegetable oils. The presence of appropriate cholesterol content in ostrich oil makes it more similar to breast milk fat compared to vegetable fats. Palmitic acid was located at sn‐2 position in 15% triacylglycerol from ostrich fat, which was equal to the amount reported for vegetable fats. The incorporation of ostrich oil in infant formula production showed that there is no statistically significant difference between quality attributes of powder formulated with ostrich oil or vegetable oils. Therefore, ostrich oil can be introduced as a new source of edible oil, and addition of ostrich oil is an effective way to reduce the gap between the composition of breast milk and infant formula.
Sensory impairment and cognitive function among older adults in China: The mediating roles of anxiety and depressive symptoms
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Xu Yanling , Yang Xinyan , Miao Guomei , Wu Yinghui , Yang Shujuan
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Through a cross‐sectional study, we explored the association between sensory impairment and cognitive function in Chinese older adults, and tested the mediating roles of anxiety and depressive symptoms between this relationship.

Methods

Based on the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a total of 10,895 older adults aged 65 and above were selected as samples for research. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and cognitive function were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D10) and the Chinese version of modified Mini‐Mental State Examination scales, respectively. Sensory impairment was assessed from self‐reported vision and hearing functions. Multiple linear regression and SPSS Macro PROCESS were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Compared with no sensory impairment, vision impairment (B = −1.012, 95%CI: −1.206, −0.818), hearing impairment (B = −2.683, 95%CI: −2.980, −2.386) and dual sensory impairment (B = −6.302, 95%CI: −6.585, −6.020) have a significant association with cognitive function in older adults, respectively. Anxiety and depressive symptoms not only acted as independent mediators, but also played sequential mediating effects on the relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive function.

Conclusions

Greater attention should be paid to anxiety and depressive symptoms of older adults with sensory impairment, which might be beneficial to maintain cognitive function.
Implementation and spillovers of local non‐pharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Godøy Anna , Grøtting Maja Weemes
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we analyze economic costs and consequences of local non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at containing the Covid‐19 pandemic. Using comprehensive data on municipal and regional policies in Norway, we implement a difference‐in‐differences framework identifying impacts of local NPIs from discontinuous differential shifts in outcomes following the implementation of new policies. In treated municipalities, local NPIs lead to persistent reductions in mobility, persistent increases in unemployment, and transient reductions in consumer spending. Analyses of spatial spillovers show that the implementation of local NPIs increases retail mobility in untreated neighboring municipalities. Overall, our findings suggest that local NPIs have economic consequences for local economies and induce residents to shift their consumption of goods and services to neighboring municipalities.
Outcomes of perioperative vasopressor use for hemodynamic management of patients undergoing free flap surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michelle Lauren , Bitner Benjamin F. , Pang Jonathan C. , Berger Michael H. , Haidar Yarah M. , Rajan Govind R. , Tjoa Tjoson
Published: January 2023

This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigates the objective evidence regarding outcomes in head and neck free flap surgeries using vasoactive agents in the perioperative period. A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies in which vasopressors were used in head and neck free flap surgery during the intraoperative and perioperative period. Eighteen studies (n = 5397) were included in the qualitative analysis and nine (n = 4381) in the meta‐analysis. There was no difference in flap failure outcomes with perioperative vasopressor use in head and neck free flap surgery (n = 4015, OR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.60, 1.44]). When patients received vasopressors perioperatively, there was an associated decrease in flap‐specific complications (n = 3881, OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.55, 0.87]). Intraoperative vasopressor use does not negatively impact free tissue transfer outcomes in head and neck surgery and may reduce overall free flap complications.
Combined effect of multi‐injection scheme, injector nozzle bore, and biodiesel blends on combustion and performance characteristics of diesel engine
Authors: Al‐Abboodi Nhad K. Frhan , Al‐Waaly Ahmed A. Y.
Published: January 2023

Many researchers have conducted extensive experimental and numerical studies to explore the influences of multiple types of fuels. The high demand of energy in the world has led to the growing crisis and depletion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the researchers have focused on investigating renewable energy sources like biodiesel with the aim of suggesting, which energy is more friendly to the environment. Biodiesel has specifications for using it as an alternative fuel to traditional fossil fuels. Whereas, the use of biodiesel fuel in the original design of Diesel engine can emit a higher percentage of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Therefore, to reduce the harmful emissions of the fuel, the injection schemes and injector nozzle bore (INB) of the engine were modified. The present research combines the effect of the nozzle hole diameters and split injection scheme on the performance and combustion parameters of compression ignition (CI) engine was investigated. The engine was fueled with diesel blended of different proportions (Sp20, Sp40, Sp60, and Sp100) of spirulina biodiesel to prove the suitability of this blend as an alternative fuel. The injector nozzle has three injection holes, and the diameter of the three modified holes of the nozzle is changing (from 0.20 to 0.28 mm, step 0.02 mm) along with two types of scheme injection (double and triple). Furthermore, the influence of the direct injection Diesel‐RK model, single‐cylinder, four‐stroke engine; constant compression ratio (17.5:1), engine speed (1500 rpm), and naturally aspired engine at full load condition are studied. A comparison of the present simulation is compared with published results to validate the present simulation model for conventional baseline Diesel for validation. The simulation was done to investigate and present a comparative study with the conventional baseline Diesel engine. The double injection scheme shows a decrease by 1.8%, 1.7%, and 1.9% for parameters of peak cylinder pressure (PCP), peak cylinder temperature (PCT), and maximum rate of pressure rise, respectively. Whereas, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) and break thermal efficiency are increased by 8.7% and 9.33%, respectively. The results showed a reduction by 2.1%, 20.5%, 22.1%, and 3.2% in PCP, PCT, maximum rate of pressure rise, and break thermal efficiency, respectively. Moreover, the SFC is increased by 3.1% with the modified INB 0.28 (mm).
Applying multi‐omics toward tumor microbiome research
Authors: Zhang Nan , Kandalai Shruthi , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Hossain Farzana , Zheng Qingfei
Published: January 2023

Rather than a “short‐term tenant,” the tumor microbiome has been shown to play a vital role as a “permanent resident,” affecting carcinogenesis, cancer development, metastasis, and cancer therapies. As the tumor microbiome has great potential to become a target for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, recent research on the relevance of the tumor microbiota has attracted a wide range of attention from various scientific fields, resulting in remarkable progress that benefits from the development of interdisciplinary technologies. However, there are still a great variety of challenges in this emerging area, such as the low biomass of intratumoral bacteria and unculturable character of some microbial species. Due to the complexity of tumor microbiome research (e.g., the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment), new methods with high spatial and temporal resolution are urgently needed. Among these developing methods, multi‐omics technologies (combinations of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) are powerful approaches that can facilitate the understanding of the tumor microbiome on different levels of the central dogma. Therefore, multi‐omics (especially single‐cell omics) will make enormous impacts on the future studies of the interplay between microbes and tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have systematically summarized the advances in multi‐omics and their existing and potential applications in tumor microbiome research, thus providing an omics toolbox for investigators to reference in the future.
Adaptive denoising of photoacoustic signal and image based on modified Kalman filter
Authors: Hu Tianqu , Huang Zihao , Ge Peng , Gao Feng , Gao Fei
Published: January 2023

As a burgeoning medical imaging method based on hybrid fusion of light and ultrasound, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has demonstrated high potential in various biomedical applications, especially in revealing the functional and molecular information to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, stemming from weak amplitude and unavoidable random noise, caused by limited laser power and severe attenuation in deep tissue imaging, PA signals are usually of low signal‐to‐noise ratio, and reconstructed PA images are of low quality. Despite that conventional Kalman filter (KF) can remove Gaussian noise in time domain, it lacks adaptability in real‐time estimation due to its fixed model. Moreover, KF‐based denoising algorithm has not been applied in PAI before. In this paper, we propose an adaptive modified KF (MKF) targeted at PAI denoising by tuning system noise matrix Q and measurement noise matrix R in the conventional KF model. Additionally, in order to compensate the signal skewing caused by MKF, we cascade the backward part of Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother, which utilizes the newly determined Q. Finally, as a supplement, we add a commonly used differential filter to remove in‐band reflection artifacts. Experimental results using phantom and ex vivo colorectal tissue are provided to prove validity of the algorithm.
Implant surface physicochemistry affects keratinocyte hemidesmosome formation
Authors: Raptopoulos Michail , Fischer Nicholas G. , Aparicio Conrado
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have shown hydrophilic/hydrophobic implant surfaces stimulate/hinder osseointegration. An analogous concept was applied here using common biological functional groups on a model surface to promote oral keratinocytes (OKs) proliferation and hemidesmosomes (HD) to extend implant lifespans through increased soft tissue attachment. However, it is unclear what physicochemistry stimulates HDs. Thus, common biological functional groups (NH2, OH, and CH3) were functionalized on glass using silanization. Non‐functionalized plasma‐cleaned glass and H silanization were controls. Surface modifications were confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle. The amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen, and BSA thickness, were assessed to understand how adsorbed protein properties were influenced by physicochemistry and may influence HDs. OKs proliferation was measured, and HDs were quantified with immunofluorescence for collagen XVII and integrin β4. Plasma‐cleaned surfaces were the most hydrophilic group overall, while CH3 was the most hydrophobic and OH was the most hydrophilic among functionalized groups. Modification with the OH chemical group showed the highest OKs proliferation and HD expression. The OKs response on OH surfaces appeared to not correlate to the amount or thickness of adsorbed model proteins. These results reveal relevant surface physicochemical features to favor HDs and improve implant soft tissue attachment.
Open pilot trial of an interactive digital application for campus sexual violence prevention
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Zinzow Heidi , Thompson Martie , Wood Sharon
Published: January 2023

Digital applications, or “serious games” for health address learning goals in a cognitively active, interactive manner, with the potential for widespread dissemination. This study used a mixed methods approach to develop and conduct a formative evaluation of a digital application for sexual assault prevention. Make a change is a digital application that uses the principles of games for health to foster learning, engagement, and skill‐building around risk and protective factors for sexual victimization, sexual aggression, and bystander intervention. The digital application includes four narrative chapters, six embedded activities, as well as a user‐derived change plan in which individuals establish goals for behavior change following program completion. This multisite study at a 2‐ and a 4‐year college utilized student interviews (n = 14), stakeholder interviews (n = 10), and focus groups with students (n = 40) to inform intervention development. A total of 41 college students then participated in an open trial and completed self‐report surveys (pre, post, and 1‐month follow‐up) to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary outcomes. Most of the sample reported enjoyment, usefulness, and perceived competence after completing the application. Data evidenced a trend to reduce the frequency of heavy drinking, and perceptions of social norms evidenced change over time. Findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of this novel format for the delivery of sexual assault prevention programming.
The impact of family income and parental factors on children's resilience and mental well‐being
Authors: Bruno William , Dehnel Rebecca , Al‐Delaimy Wael
Published: January 2023

Although there is robust evidence on the intergenerational transmission of trauma‐related distress, much less is known about the relation of family income and parental resilience on the resilience and mental well‐being of traumatized children. We aimed to determine the association between parental resilience and perceived financial stability, and the resilience and depression of their children among Syrian refugees in Jordan. We carried out a survey of 363 parent−child dyads from a refugee clinic in Northern Jordan. Measures of resilience, trauma, symptoms of mental illnesses, and demographics were reported by the mother and child. We evaluated the associations between parental resilience and their children's mental health. Resilience was highest among parents who reported that their income met their financial needs, (65.77 [standard deviation (SD) 15.96]), and lower for those who reported less income or who stated that their income met their needs only fairly well (62.77 [SD 17.56]). Resilience was lowest for those who reported that that income met their needs poorly (48.02 [SD 23.24]). Parent resilience was positively correlated with child resilience (β = 0.076 [95% confidence interval 0.035−0.12], p < 0.001). Depression and resilience of parents were most closely correlated with the depression and resilience scores of their children, among parents who reported the highest financial stability. Income plays a modifying role in the parent−child resilience and depression associations, with this association being least pronounced within those families who were financially less secure. These findings can help develop interventions to target parental transgenerational impacts according to income status.
Adding a genetic counseling assistant improves efficiency of hereditary cancer genetic counseling without impacting patient experience
Authors: Cohen Stephanie A. , Nixon Dawn M. , Lichtenberg Emily
Published: January 2023

Improving efficiency of genetic counseling can allow genetic counselors to see more patients, increasing access to this valuable service. However, the patient experience should be carefully considered as changes are made, so that quality is not sacrificed. The primary outcome of this study was time in session with a board‐certified genetic counselor at baseline (T0), after the addition of a genetic counseling assistant (GCA) (T1). The secondary outcome was the patient experience, which was collected from an electronic survey sent three days after the genetic counseling session. A total of 689 appointments were evaluated over 12 months; 291 in T0 by two genetic counselors (Jan–June 2019), 398 in T1 by two genetic counselors (August 2019–Jan 2020). The overall genetic counseling median appointment time decreased by 10 min in T1 (p < 0.001), and the median amount of time spent on post‐session activities by the two genetic counselors decreased by 15 min (p < 0.001). There was an increase in the average number of patients seen per FTE per month from 24.3 in T0 to 33.2 in T1. There was no difference in overall patient experience from T0 to T1 (p = 0.3). There was high patient satisfaction, including with the amount of time spent in a session during both time periods (p = 0.63). This study found decreased appointment time with the addition of a GCA in a single clinic without impacting patient experience.
Curvature on graphs via equilibrium measures
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan
Published: January 2023

We introduce a notion of curvature on finite, combinatorial graphs. It can be easily computed by solving a linear system of equations. We show that graphs with curvature bounded below by have diameter bounded by (a Bonnet–Myers theorem), that implies that has constant curvature (a Cheng theorem) and that there is a spectral gap (a Lichnerowicz theorem). It is computed for several families of graphs and often coincides with Ollivier curvature or Lin–Lu–Yau curvature. The von Neumann Minimax theorem features prominently in the proofs.
An extreme cold event over East Asia during early January 2021 and its links to the deformation of stratospheric polar vortex during sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Liu Meichen , Hu Dingzhu , Guan Zhaoyong
Published: January 2023

In early winter of 2020/2021, East Asia experienced two extreme cold events (ECEs), during which a number of national stations in China reached the standard of ECE or broke records. The underlying dynamical processes of these record‐breaking ECEs are investigated using Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis dataset. Results show that these ECEs were closely related to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. During 29 December, 2020–1 January, 2021 (the first ECE), the tropospheric polar vortex migrated to mid‐latitude East Asia and more planetary wave propagated into the stratosphere. Then, the stratospheric polar vortex weakened and extended to mid‐latitude East Asia from 2 January. And, a SSW event occurred on 5 January. The easterly zonal wind accompanied by the deformation of stratospheric polar vortex over East Asia tended to strengthen the East Asian trough via reflecting the planetary wave from the stratosphere to troposphere. Simultaneously, the southward shifting of the Ural ridge resulted in the extremely strong East Asian trough migrating southward, which led to the strengthening and southward migration of near‐surface anticyclonic circulation. Then, another ECE broke out during 6–7 January (the second ECE). Therefore, the ECE in early January was jointly caused by the combined effects of deformation of stratospheric polar vortex during SSW event and the southward shifting of Ural ridge. Further analysis suggested that about 8% of the total ECEs during 1980/1981–2019/2020 were related to the extension of stratospheric polar vortex to East Asia.
Insights into peptide profiling of sturgeon myofibrillar proteins with low temperature vacuum heating
Authors: Jiang Dan‐dan , Shen Shi‐ke , Yu Wen‐tao , Bu Qian‐yun , Ding Zhi‐wen , Fu Jing‐jing
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Protein oxidation during food processing causes changes in the balance of protein–molecular interactions and protein–water interactions, ultimately leading to protein denaturation, which results in the loss of a range of functional properties. Therefore, how to control the oxidative modification of proteins during processing has been the focus of research.

RESULTS

In the present study, the intrinsic fluorescence value of the myofibrillar proteins (MP) decreased and the surface hydrophobicity value increased, indicating that the heat treatment caused a significant change in the conformation of the MP. With an increase in heating temperature, protein carbonyl content increased, total sulfhydryl content decreased, and protein secondary structure changed from α‐helix to β‐sheet, indicating that protein oxidation and aggregation occurred. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that heat treatment can lead to the degradation of proteins, especially myosin heavy chain, although actin had a certain thermal stability. In total, 733 proteins were identified by proteomics, and the protein oxidation caused by low temperature vacuum heating (LTVH) was determined to be mild oxidation dominated by malondialdehyde and 4‐hydroxynonenal by oxidation site division.

CONCLUSION

The present study has revealed the effect of LTVH treatment on the protein oxidation modification behavior of sturgeon meat, and explored the effect mechanism of LTVH treatment on the processing quality of sturgeon meat from the perspective of protein oxidation. The results may provide a theoretical basis for the precise processing of aquatic products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sarcopenia and frailty as predictors of surgical morbidity and oncologic outcomes in retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Nasirishargh Aida , Grova Monica , Bateni Cyrus P. , Judge Sean J. , Nuno Miriam A. , Basmaci Ugur Nur , Canter Robert J. , Bateni Sarah B.
Published: January 2023

Background

Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumors for which surgical resection is the principal treatment. There is no established model to predict perioperative risks for RPS. We evaluated the association between preoperative sarcopenia, frailty, and hypoalbuminemia with surgical and oncological outcomes.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort analysis of 65 RPS patients who underwent surgical resection. Sarcopenia was defined as Total Psoas Area Index ≤ 1st quintile by sex. Frailty was estimated using the modified frailty index (mFI). Logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of 30‐day postoperative morbidity. The Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank test was utilized to assess factors associated with overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Result

Sarcopenia was associated with worse OS with a median of 54 compared with 158 months (p = 0.04), but no differences in RFS (p > 0.05). Hypoalbuminemia was associated with worse OS with a median of 72 compared with 158 months (p < 0.01). MFI scores were not associated with OS or RFS (p > 0.05). Sarcopenia, mFI, and hypoalbuminemia were not associated with postoperative morbidity (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that sarcopenia may be utilized as a measure of overall fitness, rather than a cancer‐specific risk, and the mFI is a poor predictive measure of outcomes in RPS.
Exploration of the effects of chloride ions on the analysis of polar compounds at low concentrations by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector: Application to tromethamine
Authors: Toussaint Balthazar , Immame Hassane Beck Taslyne , Surget Estelle , Boudy Vincent , Jaccoulet Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

In this study, we discuss the origin of the slightly increased response of the charged aerosol detector when low‐concentration polar drugs formulated with sodium chloride are analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to the charged aerosol detector. In the case of tromethamine mixed with saline solutions, we investigated several levels including the mobile phase, sample matrix, and detection. We show that the analysis of the rich‐salted sample results in both interactions with the mobile phase modifiers and the stationary phase during the run time. With 150 mM NaCl as a compounding solution, a slight increase in the tromethamine peak area was observed (<5.5%). Our study suggests that chloride ions in excess sequentially interact firstly with the counterions from the organic modifiers and secondly with the analyte via the stationary phase and the contribution of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography retention mechanisms. Because of these effects, the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐charged aerosol detector analysis of drugs in saline solutions requires particular attention, and a correction factor for quantitative purposes that accounts for formulation ions remains appropriate.
Multi‐scale effects of land cover, weather, and fire on Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse
Authors: Stevens Bryan S. , Conway Courtney J. , Knetter Jeffrey M. , Roberts Shane B. , Donnelly Patrick
Published: January 2023

Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) are endemic to grassland and shrub‐steppe ecosystems of western North America, yet their distribution has contracted to <10% of their historical range. Primary threats to Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse include loss of native habitat and conversion to agriculture, reductions in habitat once provided by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), wildfire, and drought conditions, yet population‐level consequences of these threats and their spatio‐temporal scales of effect are poorly understood. We evaluated multi‐scale effects of land cover, weather, and fire histories on patterns of abundance and productivity for Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse populations during 1995–2020 in Idaho, USA, using mixed‐effects generalized regression and remotely sensed data. We demonstrated negative effects of fire, tree encroachment, and bare ground, positive effects of spring and summer precipitation and cover of shrubs and perennial forbs and grasses, and positive effects of CRP on grouse abundance that changed in magnitude with cover of perennials and shrubs near leks (i.e., strongest effects when average cover of shrubs and perennial forbs and grasses were less abundant). We also demonstrated per capita recruitment of Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse is positively associated with late‐summer greenness. Our results show that several suspected threats have measurable, population‐level impacts to Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse within Idaho. Moreover, our results suggest ongoing changes occurring within the core range of Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse, including loss of CRP cover to tilled agriculture and changes to wildfire and precipitation dynamics are likely to have negative effects on populations.
Genetics for seed traits and Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus reaction in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Authors: Sen Gupta Debjyoti , Kumar Jitendra , Lamichaney Amrit , Parihar Ashok Kumar , Das Sankar Prasad , Kumar Anurag , Katiyar Pardip Kumar , Gupta Sanjeev
Published: January 2023

Urdbean or blackgram is one of the important multi‐season pulse crops grown in India. Improved seed quality and resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) are the important objectives of the urdbean breeding program. For this, knowledge of inheritance for seed quality traits and MYMIV resistance is essentially required. Therefore, an attempt has been made to understand the inheritance of seed traits like seed luster, seed coat color, mosaic on seed surface, and MYMIV reaction using intra‐ and inter‐specific bi‐parental populations. The inheritance results revealed that in DPU88‐31 × LBG‐685 population, the shining seed registered dominance over the dull trait, while the green seed coat color exhibited dominance over the brown seed coat color. However, the inter‐specific F2 population derived from IPU11‐02 × Pant M 6 deviated significantly from Mendelian ratios and supported severe segregation distortion for seed traits, while the mosaic on seed coat or mottling character studied in interspecific population demonstrated a dominant digenic inheritance pattern. In five inter‐ and intra‐specific F2 populations, MYMIV resistance demonstrated monogenic dominant inheritance, which was also validated in F3 generations. Furthermore, linkage analysis exhibited an association between seed luster and seed coat color, while no association was noticed between seed traits and MYMIV resistance. The normality tests revealed that seed width and 100 seeds weight were controlled by a few major genes, while other quantitative traits were governed by many genes with small additive effects. The skewness suggested that complementary gene interactions were present among genes controlling 100 seed weight in the intra‐specific cross, while duplicate gene interactions were involved in the inter‐specific cross. The identified monogenic traits and linked morphological marker after further enrichment of the linkage group could be used as an important tool in the regular breeding program.
Existence of uncertainty minimizers for the continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Halvdansson Simon , Olsen Jan‐Fredrik , Sochen Nir , Levie Ron
Published: January 2023

Continuous wavelet design is the endeavor to construct mother wavelets with desirable properties for the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). One class of methods for choosing a mother wavelet involves minimizing a functional, called the wavelet uncertainty functional. Recently, two new wavelet uncertainty functionals were derived from theoretical foundations. In both approaches, the uncertainty of a mother wavelet describes its concentration, or accuracy, as a time‐scale probe. While an uncertainty minimizing mother wavelet can be proven to have desirable localization properties, the existence of such a minimizer was never studied. In this paper, we prove the existence of minimizers for the two uncertainty functionals.
Semigroup wellposedness and asymptotic stability of a compressible Oseen–structure interaction via a pointwise resolvent criterion
Authors: Geredeli Pelin G.
Published: January 2023

In this study, we consider the Oseen structure of the linearization of a compressible fluid–structure interaction (FSI) system for which the interaction interface is under the effect of material derivative term. The flow linearization is taken with respect to an arbitrary, variable ambient vector field. This process produces extra “convective derivative” and “material derivative” terms, which render the coupled system highly nondissipative. We show first a new well‐posedness result for the full incorporation of both Oseen terms, which provides a uniformly bounded semigroup via dissipativity and perturbation arguments. In addition, we analyze the long time dynamics in the sense of asymptotic (strong) stability in an invariant subspace (one‐dimensional less) of the entire state space, where the continuous semigroup is uniformly bounded. For this, we appeal to the pointwise resolvent condition introduced in Chill and Tomilov [Stability of operator semigroups: ideas and results, perspectives in operator theory Banach center publications, 75 (2007), Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, 71–109], which avoids an immensely technical and challenging spectral analysis and provides a short and relatively easy‐to‐follow proof.
A comparison between 2D and 3D descriptors in QSAR modeling based on bio‐active conformations
Authors: Bahia Malkeet Singh , Kaspi Omer , Touitou Meir , Binayev Idan , Dhail Seema , Spiegel Jacob , Khazanov Netaly , Yosipof Abraham , Senderowitz Hanoch
Published: January 2023

QSAR models are widely and successfully used in many research areas. The success of such models highly depends on molecular descriptors typically classified as 1D, 2D, 3D, or 4D. While 3D information is likely important, e. g., for modeling ligand‐protein binding, previous comparisons between the performances of 2D and 3D descriptors were inconclusive. Yet in such comparisons the modeled ligands were not necessarily represented by their bioactive conformations. With this in mind, we mined the PDB for sets of protein‐ligand complexes sharing the same protein for which uniform activity data were reported. The results, totaling 461 structures spread across six series were compiled into a carefully curated, first of its kind dataset in which each ligand is represented by its bioactive conformation. Next, each set was characterized by 2D, 3D and 2D + 3D descriptors and modeled using three machine learning algorithms, namely,k‐Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest and Lasso Regression. Models’ performances were evaluated on external test sets derived from the parent datasets either randomly or in a rational manner. We found that many more significant models were obtained when combining 2D and 3D descriptors. We attribute these improvements to the ability of 2D and 3D descriptors to code for different, yet complementary molecular properties.
A machine learning q‐RASPR approach for efficient predictions of the specific surface area of perovskites**
Authors: Banerjee Arkaprava , Gajewicz‐Skretna Agnieszka , Roy Kunal
Published: January 2023

In this study, the specific surface area of various perovskites was modeled using a novel quantitative read‐across structure‐property relationship (q‐RASPR) approach, which clubs both Read‐Across (RA) and quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) together. After optimization of the hyper‐parameters, certain similarity‐based error measures for each query compound were obtained. Clubbing some of these error‐based measures with the previously selected features along with the Read‐Across prediction function, a number of machine learning models were developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS), Ridge Regression (RR), Linear Support Vector Regression (LSVR), Random Forest (RF) regression, Gradient Boost (GBoost), Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost), Multiple Layer Perceptron (MLP) regression and k‐Nearest Neighbor (kNN) regression. Based on the repeated cross‐validation as well as external prediction quality and interpretability, the PLS model (nTraining = 38, nTest = 12,
=0.737,
was selected as the best predictor which underscored the previously reported results. The finally selected model should efficiently predict specific surface areas of other perovskites for their use in photocatalysis. The new q‐RASPR method also appears promising for the prediction of several other property endpoints of interest in materials science.
Effect of behavioral weight‐loss program on biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk: Heart Health Study randomized trial
Authors: Collins Katherine A. , Kraus William E. , Rogers Renee J. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Lang Wei , Jiang Rong , Schelbert Erik B. , Huffman Kim M. , Jakicic John M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic health improve in response to a 12‐month behavioral weight‐loss intervention and to compare benefits of diet alone with diet plus physical activity for these biomarkers.

Methods

Participants (N = 374) were randomized to either diet alone (DIET), diet plus 150 min/wk of prescribed moderate‐intensity physical activity (DIET + PA150), or diet plus 250 min/wk of prescribed moderate‐intensity physical activity (DIET + PA250). Biomarker concentrations were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mixed models assessed for a time effect, group effect, or group by time interaction.

Results

All groups significantly improved body weight (time: p < 0.0001), Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index score (time: p < 0.0001), Diabetes Risk Index score (time: p < 0.0001), branched‐chain amino acid concentration (time: p < 0.0001), and GlycA concentration (time: p < 0.0001), with no group effect or group by time interactions.

Conclusions

All intervention groups prompted a notable beneficial change among biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health. However, the addition of at least moderate‐intensity physical activity to a diet‐only intervention did not provide any additional benefit. These findings highlight that an average weight loss of approximately 10% profoundly impacts biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease in adults with overweight or obesity.
Real‐world weight‐loss effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: White Gretchen E. , Shu Ingrid , Rometo David , Arnold Jon , Korytkowski Mary , Luo Jing
Published: January 2023

Objective

Weight loss achieved with standard doses of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists among real‐world patients with type 2 diabetes has not been determined. This study sought to describe the percent change in body weight 72 weeks after starting a GLP‐1 agonist.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of nonpregnant adults who were first dispensed a GLP‐1 agonist between 2011 and 2018 was conducted using electronic health record data from patients receiving care at a large health system. Linear mixed models were used, with a person‐level random intercept controlling for baseline variables associated with missing weight data to estimate percent body weight change during follow‐up.

Results

The cohort included 2405 patients (mean [SD] age 48 [10] years, 53% female), with a mean BMI of 37 (8) kg/m2 and a mean baseline weight of 238 (54) lb. Mean percent weight loss significantly increased from 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6%‐1.6%) 8 weeks after GLP‐1‐agonist dispensing to 2.2% (95% CI: 1.7%‐2.6%) 72 weeks after GLP‐1‐agonist dispensing (p value for quadratic trend < 0.001). One‐third of patients lost ≥5% body weight at 72 weeks.

Conclusions

In this real‐world study of more than 2400 patients with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes, starting a GLP‐1 agonist at standard glycemic control doses was associated with modest weight loss through 72 weeks.