bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetoelastic anisotropy drives localized magnetization reversal in 3D nanowire networks
Authors: Vivas Laura G. , Ruiz-Clavijo Alejandra , Caballero-Calero Olga , Navas David , Ordoñez-Cencerrado Amanda A. , Manzano Cristina V. , Sanz Ruy , Martín-González Marisol
Published: January 2025

Magnetization reversal in three-dimensional nanowire networks is driven by highly localized magnetic states, arising from the interplay of exchange, dipolar interactions and magnetoelastic anisotropy, thereby challenging the prevailing understanding.
Enhanced superhydrophobic robustness of black silicon employing nanojungle structures
Authors: Meng Lingju , Awashra Mohammad , Mirmohammadi Seyed Mehran , Mousavi Seyede Maryam , Vapaavuori Jaana , Jokinen Ville P. , Franssila Sami
Published: January 2025

Bosch etching and photoresist micromasks were used to create nanojungle black silicon (b-Si) with heights over 10 μm. This nanojungle b-Si shows superior superhydrophobic robustness compared to traditional nanograss b-Si.
In situ synthesis of a UIO-66-NH2@Ti3C2 composite for advanced electrochemical detection of acetaminophen
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Hussnain , Pervaiz Wajeeha , Huang Zhuo , Wang Zhengyun , Li Guangfang , Liu Hongfang
Published: January 2025

This research involved synthesizing a novel UIO-66-NH2@Ti3C2 composite through a one-step hydrothermal process, followed by calcination at 300 °C under argon and exploring its potential for the electrochemical detection of acetaminophen.
Photoluminescence enhancement of Mn4+-doped Rb2NaAlF6 single-crystal phosphors via heterovalent co-doping for wide gamut displays
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhang Chuang , Wang Yuanjing , Ming Hong , Zhou Yayun , Song Enhai , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: January 2025

A high-performance single-crystal red phosphor Rb2NaAlF6:Mn4+,Mg2+ with a shorter fluorescence lifetime (4.93 ms), excellent chromaticity coordinates (0.7001, 0.2998), and a high EQE (50.91%) is demonstrated by a defect-rare engineering strategy.
Highly selective visible-light-induced cascade cyclization of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides with azides: a novel synthetic approach towards trisubstituted furans
Authors: Cui Jia-Huan , Tan Mei , Zhang Jun , He Yan , Li Xingguang , Liu Pei-Nian
Published: January 2025

We disclose a photoinduced regioselective cascade annulation reaction between vinyl sulfoxonium ylides and azides under photocatalyst-free conditions, providing a green entry to trisubstituted furans.
Unidirectional moisture-conducting green fabrics prepared by a one-step electrospray technique
Authors: Bi Shumin , Yang Yueru , Pei Guangling , Yang Tianci , Hu Shui , Jia Qingxiu
Published: January 2025

Unidirectional moisture-conducting fabrics were prepared by electrospraying polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) onto three green fabric substrates, namely cotton, hemp, and modal.
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-aryl-2-aminopyridines
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Rezainia Lina , Morshedsolouk Mohammad Hossein , Navid Hamed , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Owing to the pyridyl directing group, N-aryl-2-amnopyridines form stable metal complexes towards N-heterocycles and nitrogen-based compounds. We reviewed transition metal-catalyzed annulation and functionalization reactions of this synthon.
Shear thickening inside elastic open-cell foams under dynamic compression
Authors: Livermore Samantha M. , Pelosse Alice , van der Naald Michael , Kim Hojin , Atis Severine , Jaeger Heinrich M.
Published: January 2025

Dynamic compression of elastic foam filled with non-Newtonian fluid can be rationalized by fluid rheology and foam pore size distribution.
Xanthene-based NIR organic phototheranostics agents: design strategies and biomedical applications
Authors: Ran Xiao-Yun , Wei Yuan-Feng , Wu Yan-Ling , Dai Li-Rui , Xia Wen-Li , Zhou Pei-Zhi , Li Kun
Published: January 2025

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is key in biological exploration. Short emission wavelengths of xanthene dyes limit their use. Structural modifications shift emissions to the NIR-I/II range, enhancing their biomedical applications.
Dual-channel regulation of a single white-light-emitting compound and its application in time-dependent information encryption
Authors: Liang Yuehua , Wei Jiuzhi , Zhang Juan , Zhang Tingting , Guo Caiyuan , Li Yanyan , Ma Xinxian , Liu Minghua , Yan Yun
Published: January 2025

Dual-channel regulation of single-molecular white-light fluorescence is proposed.
Synergistic Effects of Precursor Reduction and Ion Migration Blocking Enable Highly Sensitive MAPbI₃ X-ray Detector with Low Detection Limit
Authors: Jiang Long , Xue Chengzhi , Cheng Jiatian , Li Nan , Fan Xinyu , Yang Yuanbo , Li Tiantian , Li Liwei , Liu Yucheng , Feng Jiangshan , Liu Shengzhong Frank , Yang Zhou
Published: January 2025

Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for sensitive, low-dose-rate X-ray imaging. However, the dark current drift caused by ion migration poses challenges to their long-term operational stability and...
Birefringence inversion in liquid crystalline poly(substituted methylene)s bearing side-on mesogens
Authors: Kiyoura Masamichi , Kudo Hiroyuki , Inoue Keiki , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Fukushima Takanori , Kurokawa Naruki , Tokita Masatoshi
Published: January 2025

PMs comprising a negative Δn backbone and positive Δn side-on mesogens form two types of LCs with opposite Δn sign.
Non-halogenated solvent additive-mediated donor–acceptor phase segregation leads to efficient all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Liang Yuanxian , Zhao Zhenmin , Chung Sein , Sun Yuqing , Bai Liang , Zhao Jingjing , Tan Lixing , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng
Published: January 2025

Non-halogenated solvent additives were employed to boost the crystallinity of the active layer and optimize donor–acceptor phase separation, thereby realizing efficient all-polymer organic solar cells.
Enlargement of depressions on comet 81P/Wild 2: Constraints based on 30-year cometary activity in the inner Solar System
Authors: Lim Bumhoo , Ishiguro Masateru
Published: January 2025

Context. The Stardust flyby mission to Jupiter-family comet (JFC) 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter, 81P) captured its dense quasicircular depressions. The formation mechanism behind these depressions remains a subject of debate.

Aims. We aim to study how cometary activity contributed to the formation and enlargement of these depressions by analyzing Stardust flyby images and ground-based observation data.

Methods. We calculated the time-dependent water production rate of 81P inside the snow line (<3 au) and compared it with the observational data. In addition, we estimated the fallback debris mass using an observation-based model, where a dust ejection from 81P was considered to reproduce ground-based observations of the dust tail. We compared the total excavated volume of water and dust with the total depression volume derived, using the 81P shape model.

Results. We find that the total excavated volume after 81P was injected into the inner Solar System accounts for up to only 30% of the depression volume. This suggests that a large portion (>70%) of the depressions had already existed before the comet was injected into the current orbit. In addition, we estimated the dust-to-ice mass ratio for 81P to be 2–14.

Conclusions. We suggest that most depressions observed for 81P were formed in their source regions.
Grid-based exoplanet atmospheric mass-loss predictions via neural networks
Authors: Reza Amit , Kubyshkina Daria , Fossati Luca , Helling Christiane
Published: January 2025

Context. The fast and accurate estimation of planetary mass-loss rates is critical for planet population and evolution modelling.

Aims. We used machine learning (ML) for fast interpolation across an existing large grid of hydrodynamic upper atmosphere models, providing mass-loss rates for any planet inside the grid boundaries with superior accuracy compared to previously published interpolation schemes.

Methods. We considered an already available grid comprising about 11 000 hydrodynamic upper atmosphere models for training and generated an additional grid of about 250 models for testing purposes. We developed the ML interpolation scheme, dubbed the ‘atmospheric Mass Loss INquiry frameworK’ (MLink), using a dense neural network, further comparing the results with what was obtained employing classical approaches (e.g. linear interpolation and radial-basis-function-based regression). Finally, we studied the impact of the different interpolation schemes on the evolution of a small sample of carefully selected synthetic planets.

Results. MLink provides high-quality interpolation across the entire parameter space by significantly reducing both the number of points with large interpolation errors and the maximum interpolation error compared to previously available schemes. For most cases, evolutionary tracks computed employing MLink and classical schemes lead to comparable planetary parameters on gigayear timescales. However, particularly for planets close to the top edge of the radius gap, the difference between the predicted planetary radii at a given age of tracks obtained employing MLink and classical interpolation schemes can exceed the typical observational uncertainties.

Conclusions. Machine learning can be successfully used to estimate atmospheric mass-loss rates from model grids, paving the way to exploring future larger and more complex grids of models computed accounting for more physical processes.
Unlocking ultra-deep wide-field imaging with sidereal visibility averaging
Authors: de Jong J. M. G. H. J. , van Weeren R. J. , Dijkema T. J. , Oonk J. B. R. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sweijen F.
Published: January 2025

Producing ultra-deep high-angular-resolution images with current and next-generation radio interferometers introduces significant computational challenges. In particular, the imaging is so demanding that processing large datasets, accumulated over hundreds of hours on the same pointing, is likely infeasible in the current data reduction schemes. In this paper, we revisit a solution to this problem that was considered in the past but is not being used in modern software: sidereal visibility averaging (SVA). This technique combines individual observations taken at different sidereal days into one much smaller dataset by averaging visibilities at similar baseline coordinates. We present our method and validated it using four separate 8-hour observations of the ELAIS-N1 deep field, taken with the International LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Telescope (ILT) at 140 MHz . Additionally, we assessed the accuracy constraints imposed by Earth’s orbital motion relative to the observed pointing when combining multiple datasets. We find, with four observations, data volume reductions of a factor of 1.8 and computational time improvements of a factor of 1.6 compared to standard imaging. These factors will increase when more observations are combined with SVA. For instance, with 3000 hours of LOFAR data aimed at achieving sensitivities of the order of μJy beam−1 at sub-arcsecond resolutions, we estimate data volume reductions of up to a factor of 169 and a 14-fold decrease in computing time using our current algorithm. This advancement for imaging large deep interferometric datasets will benefit current generation instruments, such as LOFAR, and upcoming instruments such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), provided the calibrated visibility data of the individual observations are retained.
Piezoelectric vibration dislodges dust for more efficient solar panels
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2025

Employing transparent piezoelectric films can keep solar panels operating at peak efficiency in regions where water cleaning is impractical.
Building a blueprint for better wind farms
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: January 2025

Model with analytic gradients to help inform turbine layout optimization
A flexible piezoresistive three-dimensional strain sensor based on laser-induced graphene/nanosilver/MWCNTs for precise human all-range motion detection
Authors: Wang Yijie , Li Xiaohong , Xu Xinyu , Li Guoqiang , Xuan Sensen , Li Xiaoxin , Yin Kai
Published: January 2025

Flexible piezoresistive strain sensors are crucial for monitoring human motion, but achieving the right balance between sensitivity and operating range has always been challenging. Additionally, the complexity of muscle movements across different body parts means that relying on sensors with limited dimensional sensing is insufficient. This paper presents a flexible piezoresistive three-dimensional strain sensor (FPTDSS) designed to address these challenges. The FPTDSS features a wide operating range capable of detecting various human movements and boasts a high sensitivity, with a maximum gauge factor of 20 479. It can capture strain information along both the X- and Y-axes, as well as small vibrations along the Z-axis, through its intrinsic stretching and vibration properties. The sensor's effectiveness comes from the synergy between laser-induced graphene, silver nanoparticles (a zero-dimensional nanomaterial), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a one-dimensional nanomaterial). The synergistic effect of nanomaterials with different dimensions enables the FPTDSS to perform three-dimensional strain sensing, allowing for accurate detection of a broad range of complex human motions without requiring intricate circuit designs or preparation processes. This approach moves beyond limited strain information to provide a comprehensive view of three-dimensional strain, making the sensor versatile for detecting everything from subtle pulse vibrations to significant joint movements.
Transient chaos and periodic structures in a model of neuronal early afterdepolarization
Authors: Stenzinger Rafael V. , Tragtenberg M. H. R.
Published: January 2025

The presence of chaos is ubiquitous in mathematical models of neuroscience. In experimental neural systems, chaos was convincingly demonstrated in membranes, neurons, and small networks. However, its effects on the brain have long been debated. In this work, we use a three-dimensional map-based membrane potential model, the logistic KTz, to study chaos in single and coupled neurons. We first obtain an alternative phase diagram for the model using the interspike interval (ISI), evidencing a region of slow spikes (SS), missing from the original diagram of the KTz model. A large chaotic region is found inside the SS phase. Embedded in chaos are several self-similar periodic structures, such as shrimp-shaped domains and other structures. Sampling the behavior of neurons in this diagram, we detect a novel type of action potential, the neuronal early afterdepolarization (nEAD). EADs are pathological oscillations during the action potential, commonly found in cardiac cells and believed to be chaotic and responsible for generating arrhythmias in the heart. nEAD was found experimentally in neurons in a type of epilepsy. We study two chemically coupled neurons with this behavior. We identify and characterize transient chaos in their interaction. A phase diagram for this system presents a novel type of self-similar periodic structures, where the structures appear “chopped” in pieces.
Impact of a RbF post-deposition treatment on the chemical structure of wide-gap CuIn0.1Ga0.9Se2 thin-film solar cell absorber surfaces
Authors: Both Luisa , Hauschild Dirk , Blankenship Mary , Steininger Ralph , Witte Wolfram , Hariskos Dimitrios , Paetel Stefan , Powalla Michael , Heske Clemens , Weinhardt Lothar
Published: January 2025

A detailed characterization of the impact of a RbF post-deposition treatment (RbF-PDT) on the chemical structure of a wide-gap Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorber surface with a high Ga/(Ga + In) (GGI) ratio of 0.9 is presented. Using synchrotron- and lab-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as x-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy, we observe distinct differences to RbF-PDT on absorber surfaces with the common GGI of ∼0.3. In particular, RbF-PDT reduces sodium and oxide content at the surface, while the copper concentration at the surface is not affected. We find no spectral evidence for the formation of a distinct Rb–In–Se surface layer. In addition, we observe that the GGI ratio at the surface is slightly decreased due to a reduction of the Ga and an increase in the In concentration, which may explain the observed improvement in the power conversion efficiency after the PDT (from 6.8% to 7.3%).
Lubrication for macroscopic friction pairs with single-layer graphene coating
Authors: Yang Qi , Ren Qiancheng , Fang Jiayuan , Wu Shuyue , Han Fangqian , Zhao Pei
Published: January 2025

With its strong mechanical properties, graphene has shown potential in applications for reducing friction and wear, but the underlying mechanisms for its macroscopic lubrication remain relatively unexplored. Here, we systematically study the lubrication effect of chemical vapor deposition graphene coated on the surfaces of macroscopic friction pairs made of different materials. Our findings reveal an apparent lubrication by single-layer graphene coating, as well as correlation between the COF and the brittleness of the substrate. Through a comprehensive characterization using Raman spectroscopy, we propose a protective mechanism by which graphene can effectively dissipate the resulting shear stress generated during friction and delay the wear generation until the graphene layer fails and the bare material surface starts to rub directly, which is confirmed by finite element analysis simulation. We believe our results can provide important support for the practical application of graphene coatings in lubrication for macroscopic friction pairs in industrial equipment.
Numerical study on the turn maneuvering of a biomimetic robotic fish driven by pectoral fins in labriform mode under self-propulsion
Authors: Feng Yikun , Su Yumin
Published: January 2025

The median and/or paired fin (MPF) swimming mode of fish has extremely strong maneuverability, which is urgently needed for unmanned underwater vehicles. Therefore, determining the mechanism of greater maneuverability of fish in the MPF swimming mode is particularly important. To fill the research gap in the entire turn maneuvering process in MPF swimming mode under self-propulsion, a numerical solution method for three degree-of-freedoms self-propelled swimming of biomimetic robotic fish (BRF) coupled with fluid dynamics and body dynamics were established. Our results revealed that the turning radius of the BRF increases with the increase in the pectoral fin rotation amplitude in both drag-based and lift-based modes. Interestingly, owing to the special streamlined shape of the fish body, it can passively generate thrust during turn maneuvering. According to vortex dynamics, the trailing-edge vortex (TEV) and tip vortex (TV) generated in the power stroke form a vortex ring together with the TEV generated in the recovery stroke during one cycle in drag-based mode. The TEV and TV generated in every half cycle in lift-based mode form a vortex ring, resulting in two vortex rings in one cycle. The vortex ring generation mechanism is the mechanism by which the pectoral fins cannot generate continuous thrust in drag-based mode but can generate continuous thrust in the lift-based mode. The results reveal the BRF labriform mode turning characteristics as well as the relation mechanism between vortex dynamics and thrust, which lays a theoretical foundation for highly maneuverable BRF development.
Deposition of plasmonic ITO nanoparticles by near-infrared laser ablation
Authors: Lee Seung Hyuk , Yin Ming , Tatsuma Tetsu
Published: January 2025

Compound nanoparticles (NPs) attract attention because of their unique electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Among them, plasmonic tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) NPs are characterized by transparency in the visible wavelength range and tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the near-infrared (NIR) range due to high electronic conductivity. To date, they have been usually synthesized by a chemical solution process. However, the chemically synthesized ITO NPs are capped with organic protecting agents, which often block exchange of charge carriers and access of chemical species to the NPs, limiting some applications. In the present study, we propose a method for direct deposition of ITO NPs on a glass or plastic substrate using commercially available ITO-coated glass via NIR laser ablation. The LSPR characteristics of the ITO NPs, thus, prepared were controlled by changing the ablation conditions such as laser power. In addition, the potential applications of the ITO NPs were also investigated through measurements of their refractive index sensitivity and magnetic circular dichroism.
Development of L10-ordered FePt with low damping and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by engineering the nanostructure
Authors: Bentley P. D. , Sasaki Y. , Suzuki I. , Isogami S. , Takahashi Y. K. , Suto H.
Published: January 2025

THz spintronics is an emergent area of research aimed at bridging the gap between fifth- and sixth-generation wireless telecommunications by utilizing spintronic devices such as magnetic spin torque oscillators as a source of low powered THz emission. The realization of such devices using ferromagnetic metal thin films however requires magnetic materials with both large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and low Gilbert damping constants. In this Letter, we report on the development of L10-ordered FePt with an effective Gilbert damping constant as low as 0.033. Using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect, we characterized the magnetization dynamics of continuous L10-ordered FePt grown on MgO and SrTiO3 substrates. By changing the substrate on which FePt is grown, the lattice mismatch and subsequent number of misfit dislocations at the interface and L10-ordering can be controlled. We found that fewer misfits and improved ordering in FePt lead to a reduced Gilbert damping constant due to reduced electron scattering but that FePt grown on SrTiO3 also shows robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Importantly, these results demonstrate the ability to control the damping in FePt and similar materials by changing the number of misfit dislocations at the interface and the smaller damping in FePt opens up the possibility of using this material in spintronic materials in the THz wave range.
Effect of dissolved air content on attached cavitation in a Venturi section
Authors: Tian Xing , Li Zehao , Qian Zhongdong
Published: January 2025

This study systematically investigates the impact of dissolved air content on attached cavitation within a Venturi section using a blow-down cavitation tunnel with precise control of dissolved air content. Four distinct cavitation regimes—supercavitation, cloud cavitation, sheet cavitation, and non-cavitation—were observed, with their formation, detachment, and collapse processes documented through high-speed imaging at multiple scales. The study finds that while transitions between the first three cavitation regimes are largely unaffected by changes in the dissolved air content, cavitation disappearance is highly sensitive to these variations. Notably, altering dissolved air content does not significantly impact the cavity length or oscillation characteristics of cloud and sheet cavitation. However, the presence of dissolved air increases the amount of non-condensable bubbles remaining after cavity collapse, leading to enhanced bubble rebound. To elucidate these phenomena, the diffusion of dissolved air during cavitation was estimated and validated, revealing that large cavities are primarily composed of water vapor with limited influence from diffused air. As the cavity volume decreases, the proportion of diffused air increases, which can delay cavitation desinence. This study provides a systematic experimental approach to comprehensively investigate various cavitation regimes and characteristics. It contributes to an in-depth understanding of the effect of dissolved air on cavitation and applies to deep-sea environments, groundwater, and other environments with fluctuating dissolved air content.
Unveiling the strengths and weaknesses of technology in interpreter training
Authors: Chan Venus
Published: January 2025

Thanks to the advancement of technology, there has been much growth in research on integrating technologies into
language teaching and learning over the past few decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of educational
technology and online learning. While the use of technology has been extensively investigated and reviewed in English language
teaching contexts, especially in English as a second/foreign language, computer-assisted interpreter training (CAIT) has been
under-researched and reviewed. This paper aims to provide an aerial view of ways in which interpreting learning has been
reconciled with different types of technological tools explored in the existing literature. It traces how these tools have been
incorporated into interpreter training over time, discusses studies on CAIT, and provides some insights into research needs for
future work. The paper discusses, evaluates, and analyses previous research on CAIT based on the three main types of
technologies/tools used in interpreter training — computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) tools, virtual reality (VR), and a
combination of mobile and virtual/extended reality (VR/XR) technologies. Prior research on CAIT has generally indicated that the
benefits of CAIT outweigh the shortcomings. While there has been steady growth in research on CAIT, this paper concludes that more
theory-grounded experiential studies are needed to explore the effectiveness and factors influencing multiple emerging
technologies in various language contexts.
Determination of first order perturbation for bi-harmonic operator by asymptotic boundary spectral data
Authors: Aroua Nesrine , Bellassoued Mourad
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem for perturbed bi-harmonic operator. More precisely, in a bounded smooth domain of

R

n

, with

n
⩾
2

, we prove the stability of the first and zero order coefficients of the bi-harmonic operator from some asymptotic behavior of the boundary spectral data of the corresponding bi-harmonic operator i.e. the Dirichlet eigenvalues and the Neumann trace on the boundary of the associated eigenfunctions.
Enhanced photocatalytic properties of Ge-doped Ga2O3 nanostructures synthesized via hydrothermal method
Authors: Kim Sunjae , Ryou Heejoong , Kim Hyoung Woo , Hwang Wan Sik
Published: January 2025

Ge-doped (1.4 at. %) β-Ga2O3 nanostructures are successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method followed by annealing at 1000 °C in an O2 atmosphere. The crystal structures and morphologies of both intrinsic and Ge-doped β-Ga2O3 nanostructures are analyzed using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Photoluminescence measurements are also performed to investigate defect-related energy levels within the bandgap. The photocatalytic activity is evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous solution. Ge-based precipitates form when the Ge concentration exceeds 1.4 atomic percent in the β-Ga2O3 nanostructures. As with other dopants such as Sn, Al, and Cr, this controlled incorporation of Ge significantly enhances the photocatalytic properties and potentially improves the electronic and optical properties of Ga2O3-based devices.
An omnidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester coupling vortex-induced vibration and wake galloping
Authors: Li Wenhui , Wang Guotai , Yang Chongqiu , Yang Xiaohui , Song Rujun
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes an omnidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester coupling vortex-induced vibration and wake galloping (OPEH-VW), converting wind energy into electrical energy. The vibration behavior of the OPEH-VW is explored by changing the spacing ratio (L/D) and the diameter of the wind cylinder at the end of the cantilever beam. When the wind does not blow directly onto the device, it will rotate due to the imbalance of forces on both sides of wind cylinder B until reaching a state of equilibrium, causing the device to stop rotating, achieving omnidirectional functionality. And at this state, the efficiency of wind energy collection is highest. The results show that when the two wind cylinders of the same diameter were placed in series, at low wind speeds, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) was observed. As wind speed increases, continuous VIV and wake galloping (WG) phenomena appeared at a spacing ratio of 3.5, while only WG was occurred at the other three spacing ratios. And if the two wind cylinders placed in series replaced to different diameters, the OPEH-VW behaved as a bi-stable system with two resonance frequencies. The output power increased with the wind speed within a certain range and raised to peaks twice.
Minimal decaying dark matter: from cosmological tensions to neutrino signatures
Authors: Fuß Lea , Garny Mathias , Ibarra Alejandro
Published: January 2025

The invisible decay of cold dark matter into a slightly lighter dark sector particle on
cosmological time-scales has been proposed as a solution to the S
8 tension. In this work we
discuss the possible embedding of this scenario within a particle physics framework, and we
investigate its phenomenology. We identify a minimal dark matter decay setup that addresses the
S
8 tension, while avoiding the stringent constraints from indirect dark matter searches. In our
scenario, the dark sector contains two singlet fermions N
1,2, quasi-degenerate in mass, and
carrying lepton number so that the heaviest state (N
2) decays into the lightest (N
1) and two
neutrinos via a higher-dimensional operator N
2 → N̅
1νν
. The conservation of lepton
number, and the small phase-space available for the decay, forbids the decay channels into hadrons
and strongly suppresses the decays into photons or charged leptons. We derive complementary
constraints on the model parameters from neutrino detectors, freeze-in dark matter production via
νν → N
1
N
2, collider experiments and blazar observations, and we show that the upcoming
JUNO neutrino observatory could detect signals of dark matter decay for model parameters
addressing the S
8 tension if the dark matter mass is below ≃ 1 GeV.
Evolution of the electrical characteristics of the ATLAS18 ITk strip sensors with HL-LHC radiation exposure range
Authors: Fernández-Tejero J. , Bach È. , Cindro V. , Fadeyev V. , Federičová P. , Fleta C. , Hirose S. , Kroll J. , Mandić I. , Maeyama K. , Mikeštíková M. , Poley L. , Stelzer B. , Tuma P. , Ullán M. , Unno Y.
Published: January 2025

The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the performance of the new ATLAS Inner-Tracker (ITk) strip sensors as a function of radiation exposure, to ensure the proper operation of the upgraded detector during the lifetime of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Full-size ATLAS ITk Barrel Short-Strip (SS) sensors with final layout design, ATLAS18SS, have been irradiated with neutrons and gammas, to confirm the results obtained with prototypes and miniature sensors during the development phase. The irradiations cover a wide range of fluences and doses that ITk will experience, going from 1×1013 neq/cm2 and 0.49 Mrad, to 1.6×1015 neq/cm2 and 80 Mrad. The split irradiation enables a proper combination of fluence and dose values of the HL-LHC, including a 1.5 safety factor. A complete electrical characterization of the key sensor parameters before and after irradiation is presented, studying the leakage current, bulk capacitance, single-strip and inter-strip characteristics. The results confirm the fulfilment of the ATLAS specifications throughout the whole experiment. The study of a wide range of fluences and doses also allows to obtain detailed results, such as the frequency dependence of the bulk capacitance measurements for highly irradiated sensors, or the evolution of the punch-through protection and inter-strip resistance with radiation.
Development of a high gradient superconducting quadrupole experimental magnet in CEPC interaction region
Authors: Shen Chuang , Zhu Yingshun , Yang Xiangchen , Liang Ran , Bian Xiaojuan , Yang Mei , Wu Yafeng , Chen FuSan
Published: January 2025

Compact high-gradient quadrupole magnets are required on both sides of the interaction points (IP) in the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) interaction region (IR). The dual-aperture superconducting quadrupole magnet Q1a is positioned closest to the IP with a crossing angle of 33 mrad between the two apertures. The electromagnetic design and development of Q1a faces great challenges due to the difficulties associated with the small aperture, high gradient and the magnetic field interference. This paper presents the electromagnetic design scheme of CEPC IR quadrupole magnets and the development of a high gradient superconducting quadrupole experimental magnet. Firstly, by comparing the electromagnetic properties and technological characteristics of three commonly used quadrupole superconducting coils, the design scheme of the superconducting quadrupole magnet for the CEPC final focusing system is determined. Then, the electromagnetic design and optimization of a cos 2θ experimental magnet is presented, the manufacturing process of the experimental magnet is introduced. Finally, the cryogenic excitation test of the experimental magnet is described and the physical design scheme of the high-gradient superconducting magnet for final focusing system in CEPC IR is verified.
European tourism demand in the face of climate change: asymmetric impacts, demand reallocation, and deseasonalisation strategies
Authors: García-León David , Matei Nicoleta Anca , Batista e Silva Filipe , Barranco Ricardo , Dosio Alessandro , Ciscar Juan-Carlos
Published: January 2025

The European tourism industry, a significant contributor to employment and income, is under threat due to climate change. This study, using data from 1315 European regions and considering a tourism-specific climate index and tourism typologies, examines the potential impact of climate change on tourism demand across the continent under four warming scenarios. We find that climate change impacts in Europe will be highly asymmetrical across regions and seasons, resulting in significant reallocations of tourism demand in space and time across all warming scenarios. A clear north-south pattern in tourism demand changes emerges, with northern regions benefiting and southern regions experiencing significant reductions, particularly under higher warming. Summer demand and coastal areas, where tourism demand is more concentrated, will be particularly affected. We also quantify the deseasonalising efforts necessary to maintain the status quo in the annual demand for tourism, involving relative reductions in summer demand and increases in shoulder and winter seasons.
Dual subwavelength-grating topology for building polarization beam splitters
Authors: Huang Chia-Chih
Published: January 2025

A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is key for building polarization-diversity systems in optical communication networks. Here, we propose a compact and easy-to-fabricate PBS based on a dual subwavelength-grating (DSWG) structure positioned between two Si waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The coupling strengths of the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes were selectively modified, with TE mode suppression and TM mode enhancement. By optimizing the duty cycles along transverse and longitudinal directions of the DSWG structure, the device length is reduced by approximately 40%, and the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the TM mode is improved by ∼5 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, compared to a single subwavelength grating structure. Numerical simulations revealed high PERs and low insertion losses (ILs) of 26.7 dB (0.1 dB) for TE mode and 23.2 dB (0.28 dB) for TM mode, with a compact footprint of 1.34 × 2.86 μm2. Across a bandwidth of ∼90 nm within the C-band (1.53–1.56 μm), the proposed PBS achieves a TM mode PER of ∼20 dB, a TE mode PER greater than 25 dB, and ILs below 0.25 dB for both modes. This approach, utilizing biaxial anisotropic metamaterials, offers a flexible method for integrating PBSs into photonic integrated circuits using standard semiconductor fabrication processes.
Improving measurement system fidelity through the optimization of preventive maintenance and operating conditions: a comparative study of measurement system analysis approaches
Authors: Sadraoui Youssef , Er-Ratby Mohamed , Kadiri Moulay Saddik , Kobi Abdessamad
Published: January 2025

This study focused on measurement system analysis MSA through gage of Repeatability and Reproducibility R and R methods (Average and Range Xbar/R, Analysis Of Variance ANOVA, Evaluating Measurement Process EMP III) to verify the accuracy and precision of a laser diffraction particle size analyser used to monitor particles’ size in wet grinding process, this device gained great faith in many researches without checking its fidelity. The initial evaluation demonstrates the measurement system’s unacceptability, driving to establish an improvement plan including preventive maintenance scheduling for the instrument to maintain it in good working conditions and anticipate futures anomalies that could affect the measurement system fidelity, standardization of measuring process by the instrument to reduce repeatability, which was found to be the largest source of variation in the gage R and R analysis affecting measurement accuracy and precision, along with unifying the method of calculating solid rate percentage of samples before measurements because it is a significant factor that can affect the measurement results, finally, operators training to conduct measurements in the same way and following unified procedures in the purpose of minimizing reproducibility and increasing the measurement system fidelity, which is proven by the final results. Along this evaluation, a critical comparison between these techniques is conducted in terms of calculations, result’s interpretation and acceptability requirements to evaluate the efficiency of each method. Xbar/R and ANOVA demonstrate a similarities in interpretation and acceptability criteria but ANOVA surpassed Xbar/R by adding new factors in the calculations, while EMP III, which is not widely addressed in the literature, shows a great difference with a distinguished methodology, distinct metrics and acceptability guidelines. Therefore, a combination of ANOVA and EMP III in measurement system analysis would be very effective by extracting comprehensive informations about the studied instrument.
An evolution model for the mobility of urban societal classes based on complex networks
Authors: Zhou Yi-Hua , Yang Liang-Li , Lei Jieqi , Wu Rui-Jie , Kong Yi-Xiu
Published: January 2025

Cities serve as the main platform for human socio-economic activities, where large crowds, products and information converge, forming complex societal interactions and the space for human to interact with each other. Like traditional geographical space, in cities, cyberspace and societal space also offer diverse channels for human interactions. While urban mobility in geographical space has been extensively studied across disciplines such as geography, economics, transportation and human behavior, mobility within societal space in cities has rarely been examined in depth. This paper focuses on the self-organized consolidation of mobility within urban societal spaces. Based on the rational actor assumption and Dunbar’s number, we construct a simple model to explain why urban societal classes spontaneously emerge in the evolution of societal space. We also find that the mobility within urban societal space decreases spontaneously over time and eventually outstanding individuals potentially can be trapped in lower classes, resulting in an inefficient matching of urban resources.
The Bigraded Rumin Complex via Differential Forms
Authors: Case Jeffrey
Published: January 2025

We give a new CR invariant treatment of the bigraded Rumin complex and related cohomology groups via differential forms. A key benefit is the identification of balanced

A
∞

A_\infty

-structures on the Rumin and bigraded Rumin complexes. We also prove related Hodge decomposition theorems. Among many applications, we give a sharp upper bound on the dimension of the Kohn–Rossi groups

H

0
,
q

(

M

2
n
+
1

)

H^{0,q}(M^{2n+1})

,

1
≤
q
≤
n
−
1

1\leq q\leq n-1

, of a closed strictly pseudoconvex manifold with a contact form of nonnegative pseudohermitian Ricci curvature; we prove a sharp CR analogue of the Frölicher inequalities in terms of the second page of a natural spectral sequence; we give new proofs of selected topological properties of closed Sasakian manifolds; and we generalize the Lee class

L

∈

H
1

(
M
;

P

)

\mathcal {L}\in H^1(M;\mathscr {P})

— whose vanishing is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a pseudo-Einstein contact form — to all nondegenerate orientable CR manifolds.
The Roots of Business Familism in Southern Italy. A Quantitative Analysis of the 19th Century
Authors: Rondinelli Roberto , Schisani Maria Carmela , Ragozini Giancarlo
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the historical roots of business familism in Southern Italy. Using a social network analysis and employing surnames as proxies for family ties, we introduce and explore various measures of business familism. Our analysis reveals that the persistent embeddedness of firms in family ties was a structural feature of the business system in the South throughout the 19th century. The analysis also documents significant variations in the trends of business familism across different economic sectors.
Authigenic haematite may exhibit similar rock magnetic properties to detrital haematite: a case study from early Triassic red beds in North China
Authors: Han Fei , Zheng Zhong , Jiang Zhaoxia , Qin Huafeng , Fan Longgang , Wang Huapei
Published: January 2025

Haematite-bearing red beds are widespread across the Earth and play a pivotal role in palaeomagnetic studies. However, chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) typically associated with authigenic haematite is not fully understood, which precludes more accurate interpretations of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in red beds. Here, we use electron microscopy, rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism to investigate authigenic haematite in early Triassic red beds in North China. Our findings reveal that the biotite-hosted haematite grains with grain sizes of several to tens of microns carry a significant portion of the NRM in these sedimentary rocks. We propose that these authigenic haematite particles primarily form during the early stages of diagenesis process. This authigenic haematite's growth is controlled by the crystal structure of the host biotite. Furthermore, this authigenic haematite displays high coercivity (> 100 mT) and high unblocking temperature (> 650 °C), comparable to that of typical detrital haematite (100–1000 mT, > 650 °C), which is usually the primary carrier of detrital remanent magnetization (DRM) in such red beds. This study highlights the significance of combining mineralogical analysis with rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism to differentiate between CRM and DRM and thereby identify the primary NRM component within red beds. We hypothesize that the abundant iron supplied by biotite promotes the growth of authigenic haematite. This study illustrates the need to use caution when studying sedimentary NRM, particularly in rocks from source areas containing acidic igneous and metamorphic rocks (e.g. granite, diorite and biotite gneiss) that contain a large proportion of iron-bearing minerals, such as the biotite observed in this study.
Genome-wide association studies to assess genetic factors controlling cucumber resistance to CABYV and CMV in crop fields and the attractiveness for their Aphis gossypii vector”
Authors: Monnot Séverine , Ravineau Anaïs , Coindre Eva , Mistral Pascale , Leyre Karine , Chadœuf Joel , Cantet Melissa , Boissot Nathalie
Published: January 2025

Cucumber crops face high pressure from pathogens, including various viral species. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for vegetable resistance to viruses has primarily been conducted after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments, but not in crop field conditions. Moreover, viruses which cannot be mechanically inoculated, e.g. the cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), have been overlooked in resistance studies. Here we aimed to identify QTLs reducing epidemics of two prevalent cucumber viruses: CABYV and the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We evaluated the resistance of 256 elite cucumber lines and landraces in crop field conditions by screening for the presence of both viruses six-times during the season. We mapped twelve QTLs reducing CABYV epidemics and seven QTLs reducing CMV epidemics by combining multi-loci genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and local score approach analyses. We also examined the attractiveness of this cucumber panel for Aphis gossypii, a major cucumber virus vector. We identified five QTLs that reduced the attractiveness, including one co-localizing with a QTL reducing CABYV epidemics. Interestingly, some accessions deemed CMV-resistant after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments showed high infection rates in crop field conditions. Only one QTL for CMV resistance was detected in both conditions, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by independent QTLs. Local linkage disequilibrium study findings suggested that certain QTLs reducing epidemics were introduced early into elite lines through serendipity or selection. QTLs could be pyramided with other low effect QTLs through genomic selection to obtain cucumber cultivars with enhanced field resistance to viruses.
Serum free 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiovascular disease, heart failure, kidney function decline, and fracture: the health, aging, and body composition study
Authors: Cheng Jonathan H , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Katz Ronit , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Shlipak Michael G , Sarnak Mark J , Ix Joachim H , Ginsberg Charles
Published: January 2025

Vitamin D deficiency is common across the world. However, the standard clinical biomarker for vitamin D, 25OHD, may be a poor marker of vitamin D status, as most of circulating vitamin D is protein bound and not bioavailable. Free (unbound) vitamin D may therefore be a better marker of vitamin D status. We evaluated the relationship of free vitamin D with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure (HF), kidney function decline (KFD) and fracture, among 786 participants in the Health Aging and body composition study. We used sequential models to assess hazard ratios (HRs) of each outcome that adjusted for age, sex, race, season of blood sampling, and study site, kidney function, serum calcium and phosphate, FGF 23, PTH, BMI, and vitamin D supplementation. The mean age of the 786 participants was 75 ± 3 yr, 53% were women, and 40% were Black. The median free vitamin D concentration was 5.3 (interquartile range 4.1-6.7) pg/mL. There were 157 cases of incident CVD, 123 cases of incident HF, 382 cases of incident KFD, and 178 fractures over 11 yr of follow-up. In fully adjusted models, a 2-fold greater free vitamin D was associated with lower risk of incident HF [HR 0.75, 95%CI,0.58-0.96 ] and greater risk KFD [1.25(1.03-1.52)]. We found no association between free vitamin D and incident CVD or fracture. We did not find evidence that free vitamin D was a superior marker of clinical outcomes compared to total 25OHD alone. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship of free vitamin D with clinical outcomes.