bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allelopathic Effects of Invasive Woody Plant Species in Hungary
Authors: Csiszár Ágnes
Published: February 2024

Allelopathy may play an important role in the invasion success of adventive plant species. The aim of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of invasive woody plant species occurring in Hungary. Juglone index of fourteen invasive woody plant species in Hungary was determined by the method of Szabó (1997), comparing the effects of juglone and substance extracted of plant species with unknown allelopathic potential on the germination rate, shoot length and rooth length of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) used as receiver species. Results have proven a more or less expressed allelopathic potential in case of all species. The juglone index at higher concentration extracts (5 g dry plant material extracted with 100 ml distilled water) of almost every studied species approaches to 1 or is above 1, this means the effect of the extracts is similar to juglone or surpasses it. In terms of juglone index, the allelopathic potential of false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.), tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) were the highest. Besides these species the treatment with the extracts of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica MARSH. var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern.) reduced extremely significantly the germination rate, shoot and root length, compared to the control.
Transfer Analysis of Provenance Trials Reveals Macroclimatic Adaptedness of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Mátyás Csaba , Božič Gregor , Ivanković Mladen , Gömöry Dusan , Rasztovits Ervin
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to analyse provenance tests of beech situated close to the Southeastern-continental limits of the species, in order to develop a response model of adaptation and plasticity of populations on evolutionary-ecological basis, following sudden climatic changes as a result of transplanting. Modelling of juvenile height was performed with the help of ecodistance variables. The concept of transfer analysis and ecodistance is based on the hypothesis that phenotypic response to macroclimatic changes depends on the inherited adaptive potential of the population and on the magnitude and direction of experienced environmental change. In common garden experiments, the transfer to the planting site is interpreted as simulation of environmental change. The application of ecodistance of transfer for evaluating common garden experiments provides much needed quantitative information about response of tree populations to predicted climatic changes. The analysis of three field experiments of European beech in SE Europe invalidate earlier doubts about the existence of macroclimatic adaptation patterns in juvenile growth and justify restrictions of use of reproductive material on the basis of evolutionary ecology. The presented model illustrates that response to climatic change is regionally divergent, depending on testing conditions and on hereditary traits. In particular, climatic warming in the central-northern part of the range may lead to production increase. However, under the stressful and uncertain conditions at the lower (xeric) limit of the species, growth depression and vitality loss are predicted. The deviating behaviour of higher elevation provenances support their separate treatment. The results may be utilised in climate change adaptation and mitigation policy in forestry and nature conservation, to revise rules for use of reproductive material and also for validating evolutionary and ecological hypotheses related to climate change effects.
Population Trend, Phenology and Dispersion of Common Waterfowl Species in Hungary Based on a Ten Year Long Time Series of the Hungarian Waterfowl Monitoring
Authors: Faragó Sándor , Gosztonyi Lívia
Published: February 2024

The HUNGARIAN WATERFOWL MONITORING (HWM) takes place at 48 observation units. The current study shows the 25 common waterfowl species, their trend, phenology, and dispersion in Hungary using the data of a ten-year period between the 1996/1997 and 2005/2006 seasons. The six commonest species were: Anas platyrhynchos, Anser albifrons, Anser fabalis, Anser anser, Anas crecca and Fulica atra. During the ten-year period there were 8 species with about 1000 individuals or less (Anser erythropus, Mergus albellus, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Netta rufina, Podiceps nigricollis, Cygnus olor, Mergus merganser). We report a heavy increase of Aythya nyroca, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Netta rufina, Podiceps nigricollis, Anas clypeata, Cygnus olor, Anser albifrons, Podiceps cristatus, Anser anser, Anas strepera and a slight increase of Phalacrocorax pygmeus and Tachybaptus ruficollis. A strong decrease can be seen in Anser erythropus, Aythya fuligula, Anser fabalis, Anas querquedula, Aythya ferina, Anas crecca, Mergus albellus, Anas penelope, Mergus merganser, a slight decrease in the case of Anas platyrhynchos and Bucephala clangula. The 25 species were put into six different groups based on their types of phenology: late summer migrating species, species migrating dominantly in autumn, over wintering species, species passing through Hungary dominantly in spring, spring and late summer migrants, species with a stable population. Eco-geographical differences between Transdanubia and the Great Hungarian Plain explain the differences in the dispersion of species: distribution dominance in Transdanubia, dispersion dominance in the Great Hungarian Plain, even distribution. Our conclusions confirmed some of the earlier results, but in some cases we made conclusions different from the earlier suggestions. It is obvious that changing environmental conditions affect the changes in population parameters of waterfowl species.
Algorithms for Stem Mapping by Means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Brolly Gábor , Király Géza
Published: February 2024

Terrestrial laser scanning is an active remote-sensing technique, which has the potential to provide detailed spatial data for various applications in the fields of forestry and nature conservation. This study introduces algorithms and methods to extract individual tree parameters – such as tree location, stem diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height – in automatic manner from terrestrial laser scanning data. The efficiency of the algorithms was tested on laser scanning data collected in a permanent sampling plot in the Hidegvíz-völgy forest reserve. The accuracy of the derived individual tree parameters was validated against tree metrics yielded by traditional field methods.
Current distribution and population status of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in Greece
Authors: Tsachalidis Efstathios P. , Hadjisterkotis Eleftherios
Published: February 2024

This is the first attempt to estimate wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) population density and distribution in Greece. The study took place in 2004, in all 38 Greek counties of the mainland, as well as in the larger forested Greek islands: Crete, Rodos, Samos, Lesvos, Limnos, Thasos, Corfu, Kefalonia and Zakinthos. It was observed that the species was present in every county in continental Greece, with the exception of the two counties Attica and Evia. Attica, which includes the capital city of Athens, is densely inhabited not allowing much space for wildlife. Evian is an island connected to the mainland with a bridge. Wild boar can be found in an area around 19,495 km2, which is about 14% of the country. The mean distribution altitude reaches 686 ± 266 m. The average population number was estimated at 19,033 (0.98 ± 0, 21 ind/km2) individuals with maximum population level 23,030 animals, and a minimum of 16,536. The highest mean density was observed in the prefecture of Sterea Hellas (1.26 ind/km2) and the lowest in the prefecture of Thrace (0.89 ind/km2). The maximum density was found in Sterea Hellas (3.14 ind/km2) and the minimum density in Thrace (0.13 ind/km2). The above results are expected to provide valuable information for the management of wild boar in Greece.
“It’s Difficult Not to Intervene Sometimes”: Language Teacher Cognition, Emotion, and Agency in a Self-Directed Learning Unit
Authors: Rowberry Jon , Aslan Erhan
Published: February 2024

Despite the increasing recognition of language learning beyond traditional classrooms, little is known about how language teachers support and guide students in self-directed learning environments. Drawing on qualitative data from a team of experienced English as a Foreign Language teachers, this article reports on the intersections between teachers’ cognition, emotions, and agency in a self-directed language learning unit (SDLU) at a university in Japan. Thematic analysis of the data illuminated dialectal relationships between teachers’ feelings, beliefs, and agency during the implementation of the SDLU. Although teachers were supportive of SDLU’s goals and the overall approach it promoted, they were cautious of intervening in their students’ self-directed learning due to concerns about protecting the learner autonomy that SDLU was designed to foster. As well as confusion over how best to meet the needs of their learners in this novel context, they experienced vulnerability in relation to their professional identities and there was considerable variation in ways teachers enacted agency and managed the new learning environment. The findings suggest teachers may need guidance and support to help them recalibrate existing competencies and develop strategies for nurturing their students’ self-directed learning in novel classroom contexts.
Editorial
Authors: Günther Clemens , Isengard Laura
Published: February 2024

Die mediale Allgegenwart der Katastrophe als eine der Signaturen des Anthropozäns impliziert auch ein historisches Interesse an kulturellen Interpretationen ökologischer Katastrophen und den damit einhergehenden epistemischen Interferenzen zwischen Spezial- und Interdiskursen.
Katastrophen besitzen, hierauf deutet schon die dramentheoretische Begriffsgeschichte des Katastrophischen hin,1 immer auch eine kulturelle und ästhetische Dimension. Wirkmächtig werden sie häufig erst als Erzählungen von Katastrophen, die mit bestimmten
Modi der Dramatisierung und Emotionalisierung einhergehen. Abgeleitet aus den griechischen Silben ,,katá“ und ,,stréphein“ ist dem Begriff bereits in seinen etymologischen Wurzeln ein Moment der Wende bzw. der Umkehr eingeschrieben.2 Bis weit ins 18. Jahrhundert
hat sich der Terminus vor allem zur Bezeichnung eines unheilvollen Ausgangs in einer Theaterhandlung gehalten.3 Unter dem Lemma ,,Catastrophe“ ist so beispielsweise in Zedlers Universallexikon von einer ,,geschwinde[n], jaehlinge[n] Veränderung“4
die Rede. Noch 1809 führt der Brockhaus an: ,,Die Katastrophe (a. d. Griech.): die Umwendung, die Veränderung, wird hauptsächlich bei Schauspielen gebraucht, wo die Fabel des Stücks […] auf einmal eine unerwartete erwünschte Wendung nimmt, wodurch
die Zuschauer unvermuthet überrascht werden“.5 Wie diese Definitionen zeigen, bezeichnet die Katastrophe eine radikale Zäsur, sie trennt ein Davor von einem Danach.6 Dadurch werden Verfahren der Narrativierung nötig, durch die das Geschehene
in ein Kontinuum integriert und so plausibilisiert und kulturell verfügbar gemacht werden kann. Genau jenes narrative Moment ist es, das literarische Werke zum Reflexionsort des Katastrophischen werden lässt. Die Historizität eines jeweiligen Katastrophendiskurses, aber auch
die Fiktionalität seiner narrativen Voraussetzungen kann aufgrund der eigenen Narrativität in den Blick genommen werden. Einer solchen Perspektive öffnen sich die hier versammelten Beiträge, die auf den am 15.12.2022 in der DFG-Kollegforschungsgruppe ,,Imaginarien der Kraft“
an der Universität Hamburg veranstalteten Workshop Die überwältigende Katastrophe. Wahrnehmungskonstellationen destruktiver Naturereignisse im europäischen Realismus zurückgehen.
Katastrophenimmunisierung im Chtuluzän: Adalbert Stifters Nachkommenschaften (1864)
Authors: Widder Roman
Published: February 2024

Abstract Der Aufsatz greift den in der Stifter-Forschung erprobten Begriff der Katastrophenimpfung (Christian Begemann) auf, um ihn in Dialog mit neueren Theorien des Anthropozäns bzw. Chtuluzäns (Donna Haraway) zu setzen. Rekonstruiert wird zunächst Stifters
schon in seinen frühesten Erzählungen Gestalt annehmende Inversion der idealistischen Erhabenheitsästhetik, deren immunitäre Struktur vor dem Hintergrund seiner Auseinandersetzung mit der zeitgenössischen Geologie zu verorten ist. Am Beispiel seiner späten Erzählung
Nachkommenschaften (1864) wird sodann demonstriert, dass die Impfung gegen klimatische Katastrophen bei Stifter nicht zuletzt durch die Suche nach neuen Formen der Verwandtschaft unternommen wird. Donna Haraways antiapokalyptische, posthumanistische Naturphilosophie bietet dabei ein
überraschend geeignetes Passepartout für Stifters Texte, da sie das Problem des Klimawandels wie diese durch eine Vision nicht-biologischer Verwandtschaft beantwortet.
Leveraging Technology for Government Service Delivery: Suggestions for Securing the e-Citizen Service in Kenya
Authors: Maina Lucy W. , Otieno Godfred Ohndyl
Published: February 2024

Governments across the world have increasingly embraced e-governance in the provision of public services. This development has significantly reduced bureaucracy, enhanced efficiency, reduced corruption and fundamentally transformed public service delivery. However, the adoption of these copyright technology solutions, owned by international corporations and non-state actors, mostly multinational corporations (MNCs), have equally exposed user governments, such as Kenya, to significant cyberspace security threats, service disruptions and exposed national security leading to interferences in national autonomy and at times threatened national sovereignty. The threats arise from the activities of offensive states, malicious non-state actors and individuals taking advantage of the integrated and dependent internet connectivity networks. This paper is an extract from a study conducted on Information Security Threats to e-Citizen services in Kenya. The research presents findings on the effectiveness of information security measures initiated to secure the e-Citizen services in Kenya.  The case study adopted a mixed method design combining cross-sectional and descriptive research design that targeted 12,000 respondents (users) from 51 Huduma Centres countrywide. Purposive sampling was applied to select 10 Huduma centres and 10% of respondents from each of the selected centres.  About 1,200 questionnaires were issued with a return rate of 80% which translates to 966 responses. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative techniques in analysis. The study identified 10 categories of security measures which are discussed in this paper categorized under legislation and policy; infrastructure and capacity development; protective action; monitoring and oversight.  From the findings, Kenya has implemented the measures of information security to a satisfactory level even though more is needed in terms of engaging the populace to enhance safe data use, handling and storage. In order to bolster a safe service delivery e-Citizen system, the study recommends locally modelled technological solutions, mutually beneficial cyber security collaborations, frequent infrastructure security audits, user capacity training and restructuring national security organs to create cyberspace manning capabilities. These sectoral changes will enhance preventive, defensive and offensive capabilities against arising cyberspace threats from geopolitical, technological, economic and security competition and rivalries among global nations, non-state actors and malicious individuals
Developing Public Speaking Ability For the Teachers of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek Samalanga
Authors: Nusir Firman , Bahri Saiful , Kasir Ibnu
Published: February 2024

Teachers are the backbone of an educational institution. The progress or setback of an educational institution is determined by the role of teachers. Through observations and interviews conducted with the Headmaster of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek, it was found that the majority of teachers lack proficient public speaking skills. Based on this issue, it is necessary to organize activities to enhance public speaking skills, which are crucial for the teachers of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek. The method of implementing these activities is through lecture-based methods. The stages of the activities include pre-implementation, implementation, and evaluation. Technically, a theoretical explanation related to public speaking skills is provided, and participants then engage in practical exercises. After the lectures, participants are assigned tasks and provided guidance to create speech scripts on themes relevant to the school's needs. The results of the community service activities aimed at enhancing public speaking skills have shown improvement among the participants. According to the participants' questionnaire responses, there was an increase in understanding the criteria for effective speakers, with 20% previously not understanding and 80% having an average level, which improved to 40% understanding and 60% having a high level of understanding. During the practical exercises, all participants successfully overcame confidence issues while speaking. The results of the task to compose speech scripts were quite satisfactory, with an average score of 77.5 out of 100.
Beneficial effects of communicating intentions when delivering moral criticism: Cognitive and neural responses
Authors: Rösler Inga K. , van Nunspeet Félice , Ellemers Naomi
Published: February 2024

People often do not accept criticism on their morality, especially when delivered by outgroup members. In two preregistered studies, we investigated whether people become more receptive to such negative feedback when feedback senders communicate their intention to help. Participants received negative feedback from ostensible others on their selfish (rather than altruistic) decisions in a donation task. We manipulated the identity of a feedback sender (ingroup vs. outgroup) and the intention that they provided for giving feedback. A sender either did not communicate any intentions, indicated the intention to help the feedback receiver improve, or communicated the intention to show moral superiority. We measured participants’ self-reported responses to the feedback (Study 1, N = 44) and additionally recorded an EEG in Study 2 (N = 34). Results showed that when no intentions were communicated, participants assumed worse intentions from outgroup senders than ingroup senders (Study 1). However, group membership had no significant effect once feedback senders made their intentions explicit. Moreover, across studies, when feedback senders communicated their intention to help, participants perceived feedback as less unfair compared with when senders tried to convey their moral superiority. Complementing these results, exploratory event-related potential results of Study 2 suggested that communicating the intention to help reduced participants’ attentional vigilance toward negative feedback messages on their morality (i.e., decreased P200 amplitudes). These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of communicating the intention to help when one tries to encourage others’ moral growth through criticism.
Başlangıçtan Orta Seviyeye Piyano Tınıları ile Tanışma: TUŞLARDA GEZİNİYORUM
Authors: Ünal Akbulut Emine Ceylan , Küpana Mürvet Nevra
Published: February 2024

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BLW ve Geleneksel Yöntem Tamamlayıcı Beslenme Rehberi
Authors: Arslan Nurten , Kürtüncü Meltem
Published: February 2024

Bu rehberde tamamlayıcı beslenme ile ilgili sorularınıza yanıt bulabileceksiniz. Bu rehber tamamlayıcı beslenme ile ilgili son araştırmalar ve yayınlar göz önüne alınarak T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı önerilerine paralel olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu öneriler çocuğun ay olarak yaşına uygun bir şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Tamamlayıcı beslenmeye “Geleneksel Tamamlayıcı Beslenme” yöntemi ile geçen bebek ve anneler için Modül 1, 2A ve 3A tamamlayıcı beslenme modüllerinin tercih edilmesi uygundur. Tamamlayıcı beslenmeye “Bebek Liderliğinde Beslenme (BLW)” yöntemi ile geçen bebek ve anneler için Modül 1, 2B ve 3B tamamlayıcı beslenme modüllerinin tercih edilmesi uygundur. Rehberde yer alan bilgiler sizin, çocuğunuza mevsimsel olarak kolay ulaşılabilen, daha ucuz ve güvenli besinleri kullanarak bebek beslenmesi konusunda tamamlayıcı beslenme döneminizi kolaylaştıracaktır.
İş İnsanları ve Profesyonel Yöneticiler İçin Psikolojik Personel Güçlendirme & Yenilikçi Davranış Odağında Hizmetkâr Liderlik
Authors: Çavuş M. Fedai , Karabörk Kürşat
Published: February 2024

Hizmetkâr liderlik etik temellere dayandığı için özellikle özel firmalarda ve işletmelerde çalışan bireylerin çok farklı özelliklerini ön plana çıkarma potansiyeline sahip bir kavramdır. Hizmetkâr liderliğin, çok önemli etkileri olabilmesine rağmen özellikle psikolojik personel güçlendirme ve yenilikçi davranış yaratma üzerinde ulusal ve uluslararası firmalarda çok önemli katkıları bulunabilir. Etik temelin getirdiği güven örgüt kültürünü olumlu etkileyebilir ve örgütsel vatandaşlığı ortaya çıkarabilir. Hizmetkâr liderliğin bireysel düzeyde örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı geliştirdiği, çalışanların psikolojik olarak güçlü kalmalarını sağladığı ve yenilikçi davranışları motive ettiği açıkça ortadır. Mutlu çalışan = Mutlu Müşteri ise hizmetkâr liderlik çeviklik odaklı tüm organizasyonlar için ilgi odağıdır.
Semptomdan Tanıya Aciller
Authors: Çakas Muhammet , Fındık Meliha , Kama Başcı Özge , Taş Rahime Sema , Güney Kübra Nur , Gümüş Selman , Çay Ferhat , Nuraydın Yağmur Ecem , Önler Ahmet Buğra , Pınar Hilal , Yurdakul Hayrullah , Taşkınlar Semih , Gelen Yeltuğ Esra , Çermikli İlker , Uslu Feyza Nur , Taş Rahime Sema , Şişman Yaşar , Güneş Harun , Akbaş Türkay , Güneş Harun , Ayhan Akman Emine , Aydın Seçil , Çantal Meliha Miray , Lafcı Duygu , Başcı Murat , Karabacak Sümeyye , Can İlkay , Kanat Zekiye , Şahin Can Merve , Özcanlı Çay Özlem
Published: February 2024

Göğüs Ağrılı Hastaya Yaklaşım – Kardiyak Aciller Tufan ALATLI
Göğüs Ağrılı Hastaya Yaklaşım Pulmoner AcillerSalih KOCAOĞLU
Arrest Hastaya YaklaşımMuhammet ÇAKAS
Senkop-PresenkopMeliha FINDIKÖzge KAMA BAŞCI
Bradikardi TaşikardiRahime Sema TAŞ
Nefes DarlığıKübra Nur GÜNEYSelman GÜMÜŞ
Karın AğrısıFerhat ÇAY
Bulantı-KusmaYağmur Ecem NURAYDIN
Hematemez, Melena, HematokezyaAhmet Buğra ÖNLER
HemoptiziHilal PINAR
AteşHayrullah YURDAKUL
Baş AğrısıSemih TAŞKINLAR
Bilinç Bozukluğuna YaklaşımYeltuğ Esra GELEN
Baş Dönmesine Acilde Yaklaşımİlker ÇERMİKLİ
Hemiparezi, Hemipleji, ParaplejiFeyza Nur USLURahime Sema TAŞ
Anemiye YaklaşımYaşar ŞİŞMAN
Hipertansif Hastaya YaklaşımHarun GÜNEŞTürkay AKBAŞ
Zehirlenmeye Genel YaklaşımHarun GÜNEŞEmine AYHAN AKMAN
Anüri - HematüriSeçil AYDIN
Anormal Uterin KanamaMeliha Miray ÇANTAL
Acil DoğumDuygu LAFCIMurat BAŞCI
Skrotal AğrıSümeyye KARABACAK
Anorektal HastalıklarFerhat ÇAY
Dermatolojik Acillere Yaklaşımİlkay CAN
Döküntülü Bulaşıcı HastalıklarZekiye KANAT
Ajite Hastaya YaklaşımMerve ŞAHİN CAN
Çocuklarda ResüsitasyonÖzlem ÖZCANLI ÇAY
Ateşli Çocuğa YaklaşımÖzlem ÖZCANLI ÇAY
Sporda Kuvvet Antrenmanı
Authors: Turgut Abdüsselam
Published: February 2024

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La Formación del Sujeto Político: Una Exploración desde la Micropolítica en la Gestión Escolar y la Educación Media
Authors: Fuentes García Ena Luisa , Morales Vega Andrea Paola
Published: February 2024

Las instituciones educativas son el entorno propicio para la formación del sujeto político en los estudiantes de educación media, es allí donde se potencia la participación política y democrática permitiendo que los jóvenes adquieran principios y valores democráticos que orienten el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y aporten a la transformación de su entorno social. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación se centró en analizar las prácticas de gestión escolar y las experiencias que contribuyen a la formación del sujeto político en las instituciones educativas Patillal (Cesar) y Roque de Alba (Villanueva - La Guajira) en Colombia. Se desarrolló una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, con un carácter interpretativo-hermenéutico y un diseño en cinco fases interrelacionadas. Los resultados muestran que las instituciones aportan a la formación de sujetos políticos desde cuatro elementos que caracterizan la práctica educativa: visión de la enseñanza, relación con el entorno, convivencia y liderazgo. Asimismo, la extraversión, la afabilidad y la apertura al cambio son los rasgos que definen al sujeto político estudiado.
Control Tributario para Evitar la Elusion de Impuestos de los Pequeños y Medianos Negocios de Portoviejo
Authors: Mendoza Orellana Jenny Margoth , Rosales Delgado Laura Margarita
Published: February 2024

El objetivo principal de la investigación es examinar de qué manera el control tributario puede además de detectar y sancionar la elusión de impuestos, ofrecer respaldo y guía a los pequeños y medianos negocios para asegurar su cumplimiento fiscal, para ello se pretende analizar las estrategias de control tributario existentes y proponer medidas efectivas que no solo inhiban la evasión fiscal, sino que también promuevan el cumplimiento voluntario entre estos negocios en Portoviejo. Para ello se usa una metodología que involucra un enfoque explicativo-cualitativo respaldado por teorías pertinentes, la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de datos específicas y un muestreo estratégico para ofrecer una comprensión integral de la problemática. Los resultados derivados del análisis de recursos bibliográficos resaltan numerosas estrategias que pueden resultar valiosas para prevenir la elusión fiscal y, al mismo tiempo, contribuir a mejorar la calidad de aspectos sociales y económicos en el país. En última instancia, la elusión fiscal, motivada por la falta de conciencia, la complejidad normativa y la percepción de riesgo, se posiciona como un desafío significativo con repercusiones directas en la recaudación y la estabilidad económica.
Desarrollo de la Lectura y la Escritura: Tendencias a la Dislexia y Disgrafia
Authors: Acosta Ramírez Argemiro Manuel
Published: February 2024

En el presente ensayo científico se aborda el tema de la importancia de la lectoescritura como base fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes, mediante el cual se establecen las competencias comunicativas que a la vez fundamentan la estructura de todo aprendizaje y el desenvolvimiento social del ser humano; asimismo, se hace referencia a las deficiencias (dislexia y disgrafia) que se presentan en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura y los mecanismos que se pueden usar para superar dichas falencias desde los establecimientos educativos. Ahora bien, para la redacción de este trabajo, se llevó a cabo la búsqueda y el análisis cualitativo de la bibliografía rastreada, contribuyendo a la recopilación teórica acerca de los procesos de lectoescritura, dislexia, disgrafia y algunos estudios para la superación de dichas deficiencias y el fomento de nuevas investigaciones concernientes a esta temática. Así mismo, en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura se pueden presentar dificultades como lo es la dislexia y la disgrafia, motivo por el cual este aprendizaje se debe generar a partir de la implementación de programas basados en metodologías activas que integren el interés y la realidad contextual del estudiante, con el fin de desarrollar y consolidar las competencias comunicativas y lingüísticas de los educandos.
Análisis de los Factores que Influyen en la Fidelidad del Consumidor
Authors: Macas Ramirez Ambar Dayana , González Carrión Erika Lucía , González Aguilera Dany Alexander , Toapanta Mendoza Edison Oswaldo
Published: February 2024

Se analizo los factores que influyen en la fidelidad del consumidor hacia la empresa. El problema es la posible falta de adaptación de las empresas a las cambiantes necesidades y expectativas del consumidor puede resultar en la pérdida de clientes leales, lo que impacta negativamente en la rentabilidad y competitividad a largo plazo. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar qué factores influyen a la fidelidad del consumidor. Se utilizo dentro de la metodología, el método deductivo con un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo, y un muestreo aleatorio simple, aplicando herramientas de recolección de información. Los resultados de esta investigación han demostrado que hay muchos factores que influyen en la fidelidad del consumidor. Estos factores incluyen el sabor, el precio, la calidad del producto, la satisfacción del cliente, la confianza y la credibilidad de la marca.
Training of Primary and Secondary Education Teachers in Ecuador
Authors: Alvarez Solano Tania Mercedes , Cabezas Vaca Mauricio Bolívar , Tamayo Malacatus Maricela Fátima , Salazar Torres Angelita Vernabe , Flores Minga Jorge Emanuel , Buele Guerrero Gustavo Fernando
Published: February 2024

This article examines teacher training and its performance in Ecuador, a country where the quality of education is an important precondition for a world in which people must be treated as real objects and subjects of change, as well as key actors in their own learning. The objective is to analyze teacher training in the second stage of secondary education, which contributes to the quality of education. In this sense, from the point of view of classroom practice, teachers and other educational professionals, as basic units of development and change, must be in line with the demands of modern society, consciously respond to the methods of teaching, in a systematic and planned manner. This makes them true facilitators of student learning. The type of research is a literature review that uses deductive and inductive methods. Based on the results of the literature analysis, the authors carry out a theoretical reflection on the teaching process of teachers, based on the learning needs in educational institutions with an adequate development of the system.
Aspirin use in obstetrics and gynecology: a comprehensive review of applications and considerations
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristine, Pristine, Kosova, Gashi Astrit M. , Elshani Brikene ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristine, Pristine, Kosova
Published: February 2024

Aspirin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet properties, has found widespread applications in Obstetrics and Gynecology. This research provides a concise overview of the multifaceted use of aspirin in these medical fields, outlining key considerations and current perspectives. In obstetrics, low-dose aspirin has emerged as a preventive strategy against preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder with potentially life-threatening consequences for both mother and fetus. This review delves into the evidence supporting aspirin's role in preeclampsia prevention, including dosage considerations and identification of high-risk populations. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and recurrent miscarriage pose unique challenges in pregnancy. The review discusses the use of aspirin, often in combination with anticoagulants, as a management strategy for these conditions, exploring the ongoing debates and evolving perspectives on its efficacy. Fertility treatments, particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), have seen the exploration of aspirin's potential benefits in improving uterine blood flow and enhancing implantation. Additionally, this review touches upon aspirin's role in gynecological contexts, including pain relief for menstrual disorders, management of inflammatory conditions, and its potential implications in cancer prevention, especially in ovarian and endometrial cancers. In general, the review underscores the need for standardized guidelines, considering the diverse applications of aspirin in Obstetrics and Gynecology. It emphasizes the importance of individualized patient assessments to tailor aspirin therapy based on specific medical conditions and risk factors. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications of aspirin in Obstetrics and Gynecology, offering insights into current perspectives, ongoing debates, and the need for further research to refine guidelines and optimize patient care.
A Combined Ground-based and JWST Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis: Both IGRINS and NIRSpec Agree that the Atmosphere of WASP-77A b Is Metal-poor
Authors: Smith Peter C. B. , Line Michael R. , Bean Jacob L. , Brogi Matteo , August Prune , Welbanks Luis , Desert Jean-Michel , Lunine Jonathan , Sanchez Jorge , Mansfield Megan , Pino Lorenzo , Rauscher Emily , Kempton Eliza , Zalesky Joseph , Fowler Martin
Published: February 2024

Ground-based high-resolution and space-based low-resolution spectroscopy are the two main avenues through which transiting exoplanet atmospheres are studied. Both methods provide unique strengths and shortcomings, and combining the two can be a powerful probe into an exoplanet’s atmosphere. Within a joint atmospheric retrieval framework, we combined JWST NIRSpec/G395H secondary eclipse spectra and Gemini South/IGRINS pre- and post-eclipse thermal emission observations of the hot Jupiter WASP-77A b. Our inferences from the IGRINS and NIRSpec data sets are consistent with each other, and combining the two allows us to measure the gas abundances of H2O and CO, as well as the vertical thermal structure, with higher precision than either data set provided individually. We confirm WASP-77A b’s subsolar metallicity ([(C+O)/H] = −0.61

−
0.09

+
0.10

)

and solar C/O ratio (C/O = 0.57

−
0.06

+
0.06

)

. The two types of data are complementary, and our abundance inferences are mostly driven by the IGRINS data, while inference of the thermal structure is driven by the NIRSpec data. Our ability to draw inferences from the post-eclipse IGRINS data is highly sensitive to the number of singular values removed in the detrending process, potentially due to high and variable humidity. We also search for signatures for atmospheric dynamics in the IGRINS data and find that propagated ephemeris error can manifest as either an orbital eccentricity or a strong equatorial jet. Neither are detected when using more up-to-date ephemerides. However, we find moderate evidence of thermal inhomogeneity and measure a cooler nightside that presents itself in the later phases after secondary eclipse.
Dynamical Mass of the Ophiuchus Intermediate-mass Stellar System S1 with DYNAMO-VLBA
Authors: Ordóñez-Toro Jazmín , Dzib Sergio A. , Loinard Laurent , Ortiz-León Gisela , Kounkel Marina A. , Masqué Josep M. , Medina S.-N. X. , Galli Phillip A. B. , Dupuy Trent J. , Rodríguez Luis F. , Quiroga-Nuñez Luis H.
Published: February 2024

We report dynamical mass measurements of the individual stars in the most luminous and massive stellar member of the nearby Ophiuchus star-forming region, the young tight binary system S1. We combine 28 archival data sets with seven recent proprietary Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations obtained as part of the Dynamical Masses of Young Stellar Multiple Systems with the VLBA project (DYNAMO–VLBA), to constrain the astrometric and orbital parameters of the system, and recover high-accuracy dynamical masses. The primary component, S1A, is found to have a mass of 4.11 ± 0.10 M
⊙, significantly lower than the typical value ∼6 M
⊙ previously reported in the literature. We show that the spectral energy distribution (SED) of S1A can be reproduced by a reddened blackbody with a temperature between roughly 14,000 and 17,000 K. According to evolutionary models, this temperature range corresponds to stellar masses between 4 M
⊙ and 6 M
⊙, so the SED is not a priori inconsistent with the dynamical mass of S1A. The luminosity of S1 derived from SED fitting, however, is only consistent with models for stellar masses above 5 M
⊙. Thus, we cannot reconcile the evolutionary models with the dynamical mass measurement of S1A: The models consistent with the location of S1A in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram correspond to masses higher by 25% at least than the dynamical mass. For the secondary component, S1B, a mass of 0.831 ± 0.014 M
⊙ is determined, consistent with a low-mass young star. While the radio flux of S1A remains roughly constant throughout the orbit, the flux of S1B is found to be higher near apastron.
Analysis of the 3.2–3.3 μm Interstellar Absorption Feature on Three Milky Way Sightlines
Authors: Bernstein L. S. , Geballe T. R.
Published: February 2024

We report new analyses of spectra of the 3.2–3.3 μm absorption feature observed in the diffuse interstellar medium toward three Milky Way sources: 2MASS J17470898 − 2829561 (2M1747) and the Quintuplet Cluster, both located in the Galactic center, and Cygnus OB2-12. The 3.2–3.3 μm interval coincides with the CH-stretching region for compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We focus on the 2M1747 spectrum. Its published optical depth spectrum contains residual telluric transmission features, which arise from the 0.06 difference in mean airmasses between the observations of the source and its telluric standard star. We corrected the published spectrum by adding the airmass residual optical depth spectrum. The corrected spectrum is well fit by a superposition of four Gaussians. The absorption spectra of the other two sources were also fit by four Gaussians, with similar central wavelengths, widths, and relative peak opacities. We associate the three longer wavelength Gaussians covering the 3.23–3.31 μm interval with compact PAHs in positive, neutral, and negative charge states. We identify the shortest-wavelength Gaussian, near 3.21 μm, with irregularly shaped PAHs. Constraints imposed by spectral smoothness on the corrected 2M1747 spectrum, augmented by a PAH cluster formation model for post-asymptotic giant branch stars, suggests that >99% of the PAHs in the diffuse interstellar medium reside in small clusters. This study supports the PAH hypothesis, and it suggests that a family of primarily compact PAHs with a C66H20 (circumvalene) parent is consistent with the observed mid-infrared and ultraviolet interstellar absorption spectrum.
Gamma-Ray Burst Detection with Poisson-FOCuS and Other Trigger Algorithms
Authors: Dilillo Giuseppe , Ward Kes , Eckley Idris A. , Fearnhead Paul , Crupi Riccardo , Evangelista Yuri , Vacchi Andrea , Fiore Fabrizio
Published: February 2024

We describe how a novel online change-point detection algorithm, called Poisson-FOCuS, can be used to optimally detect gamma-ray bursts within the computational constraints imposed by miniaturized satellites such as the upcoming HERMES-Pathfinder constellation. Poisson-FOCuS enables testing for gamma-ray burst onset at all intervals in a count time series, across all timescales and offsets, in real time and at a fraction of the computational cost of conventional strategies. We validate an implementation with automatic background assessment through exponential smoothing, using archival data from Fermi-GBM. Through simulations of lightcurves modeled after real short and long gamma-ray bursts, we demonstrate that the same implementation has higher detection power than algorithms designed to emulate the logic of Fermi-GBM and Compton-BATSE, reaching the performance of a brute-force benchmark with oracle information on the true background rate, when not hindered by automatic background assessment. Finally, using simulated data with different lengths and means, we show that Poisson-FOCuS can analyze data twice as fast as a similarly implemented benchmark emulator for the historic Fermi-GBM on-board trigger algorithms.
A Study of the Accretion State of Magnetically Arrested Disks across Black Hole Spins for Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows
Authors: Zhang G.-Q. , Bégué Damien , Pe’er A. , Zhang B.-B.
Published: February 2024

The study of magnetically arrested disks (MAD) has attracted strong interest in recent years because these disk configurations were found to generate strong jets, as observed in many accreting systems. Here, we present the results of 14 general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of advection-dominated accretion flow in the MAD state across black hole (BH) spins, carried out with cuHARM. Our main findings are as follows. (i) The jets transport a significant amount of angular momentum to infinity in the form of Maxwell stresses. For positive, high spin, the rate of angular momentum transport is about five times higher than for negative spin. This contribution is nearly absent for a nonrotating BH. (ii) The mass accretion rate and the MAD parameter, both calculated at the horizon, are not correlated. However, their time derivatives are anticorrelated for every spin. (iii) For zero spin, the contribution of the toroidal component of the magnetic field to the magnetic pressure is negligible, while for a fast-spinning BH, it is on the same order as the contribution of the radial magnetic component. For high positive spin, the toroidal component even dominates. (iv) For negative spins, the jets are narrower than their positive-spin counterparts, while their fluctuations are stronger. The weak jet from the nonrotating BH is the widest with the weakest fluctuations. Our results highlight the complex nonlinear connection between the black hole spin and the resulting disk and jet properties in the MAD regime.
Corona-heated Accretion-disk Reprocessing: Frequency-resolved Lag Predictions for UV/Optical Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Chen Jie , Sun Mouyuan , Zhang Zhi-Xiang
Published: February 2024

Continuum reverberation mapping with high-cadence, long-term UV/optical monitoring of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) enables us to resolve the AGN central engine sizes on different timescales. The frequency-resolved time lags of NGC 5548 (the target for the AGN STORM I campaign) are inconsistent with the X-ray reprocessing of the classical Shakura–Sunyaev disk model. Here we show that the frequency-resolved time lags in NGC 5548 can be well produced by the Corona-Heated Accretion-disk Reprocessing (CHAR) model. Moreover, we make CHAR model predictions of the frequency-resolved time lags for Mrk 817, the source of the AGN STORM II campaign. We also obtain frequency-resolved time lags as a function of the BH mass and Eddington ratio, which is valid for BH masses from 106.5 to 109
M
⊙ and Eddington ratios from 0.01 to 1. Moreover, we demonstrate that with the time spans of current continuum reverberation-mapping campaigns, the lag–luminosity relation of the CHAR model can be

τ

gz

∝

L

5100

0.55
±
0.04

, which is consistent with observations. Future observations can test our results and shed new light on resolving the AGN central engine.
Tracing the Layers of Photodissociated Gas in the Trifid Nebula
Authors: Mookerjea Bhaswati , Sandell Göran
Published: February 2024

Photodissociated gas bears the signature of the dynamical evolution of the ambient interstellar medium impacted by the mechanical and radiative feedback from an expanding H ii region. Here we present an analysis of the kinematics of the young Trifid Nebula, based on velocity-resolved observations of the far-infrared fine structure lines of [C ii] at 158 μm and [O i] at 63 μm. The distribution of the photodissociated regions (PDRs) surrounding the nebula is consistent with a shell-like structure created by the H ii region expanding at a velocity of 5 km s−1. Comparison of ratios of [C ii] and [O i]63 μm intensities for identical velocity components with PDR models indicate a density of 104 cm−3. The redshifted and blueshifted PDR shells with a combined mass of 516 M
⊙ have a kinetic energy of ∼1047 erg. This is consistent with the thermal energy of the H ii region as well as with the energy deposited by the stellar wind luminosity from HD 169442A, an O7 V star, over the 0.5 Myr lifetime of the star. The observed momentum of the PDR shell is lower than what theoretical calculations predict for the radial momentum due to the shell being swept up by an expanding H ii region, which suggests that significant mass loss has occurred in M20 due to the dispersal of the surrounding gas by the advancing ionization front.
Comparing SCUBA-2 and ALMA Selections of Faint Dusty Star-forming Galaxies in A2744
Authors: McKay S. J. , Barger A. J. , Cowie L. L.
Published: February 2024

We make a comparison of deep SCUBA-2 450 and 850 μm imaging on the massive lensing cluster field A2744 with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm data. Our primary goal is to assess how effective the wider-field SCUBA-2 sample, in combination with red JWST priors, is for finding faint dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) compared to the much more expensive mosaicked ALMA observations. We cross-match our previously reported direct (>5σ) SCUBA-2 sample and red JWST NIRCam prior-selected (>3σ) SCUBA-2 sample to direct ALMA sources from the DUALZ survey. We find that roughly 95% are confirmed by ALMA. The red priors also allow us to probe deeper in the ALMA image. Next, by measuring the 450 and 850 μm properties of the full ALMA sample, we show that 46/69 of the ALMA sources are detected at 850 μm and 24/69 are detected at 450 μm in the SCUBA-2 images, with a total detection fraction of nearly 75%. All of the robust (>5σ) ALMA sources that are not detected in at least one SCUBA-2 band lie at 1.2 mm fluxes ≲0.6 mJy and are undetected primarily due to the higher SCUBA-2 flux limits. We also find that the SCUBA-2 detection fraction drops slightly beyond z = 3, which we attribute to the increasing 1.2 mm to 850 μm and 1.2 mm to 450 μm flux ratios combined with the ALMA selection. The results emphasize the power of combining SCUBA-2 data with JWST colors to map the faint DSFG population.
The Missing Symbiotic Stars: A Joint Analysis with Gaia, GALEX, and XMM-Newton Data
Authors: Xu Xiao-jie , Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: February 2024

The existence of a population of low-accretion-rate symbiotic stars (SySts), consisting of a giant star and a compact companion (usually a white dwarf), has been proposed recently. However, their population has not been fully understood. In this work, we present an investigation on SySts candidates consisting of asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) by cross-correlating the Gaia DR3, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer All-Sky Imaging Survey, and the 4XMM DR13 catalogs. We first build a sample of AGBs within 500 pc based on their locations in the Gaia color–absolute magnitude diagram. We then explore the UV and X-ray properties of the sampled AGBs and compare them to known SySts and candidates. We find 10 SySts candidates based on the far-ultraviolet excess. The typical UV luminosity of the candidates is 1031 erg s−1, which corresponds to a typical accretion rate of 10−12–10−11
M
⊙ yr−1, which is more than 1 order of magnitude lower than known SySts. Based on these findings, the total number of SySts within 500 pc is estimated to be 18. The number of AGBs with X-ray flux above 10−14 erg s−1 cm−2 within 500 pc is estimated to be 37. Our finding implies that a large number of low-accretion-rate SySts are yet to be detected, which provides a base for a complete understanding of their population.