bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Meio do Caminho... uma Educação Matemática Crítica que possa Formar Cidadãos Realmente!
Authors: Braga Eduardo dos Santos de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Resumo O artigo explora a Educação Matemática Crítica, numa perspectiva literária, a partir da frase que intitula o próprio artigo. O autor, ao trilhar caminhos literários e romper com abordagens convencionais, busca transcender a visão estritamente matemática. Apesar do aparente afastamento, a exploração de leituras menos convencionais revela uma aproximação paradoxal com reflexões relevantes para a Educação Matemática. Isso resulta em uma interseção entre diferentes domínios do conhecimento, indicando a possibilidade de confluência entre eles. O texto é estruturado em três seções: reflexões sobre "No meio do caminho...", a abordagem da "Educação Matemática Crítica" e a viabilidade de "Formar cidadãos realmente", percorrendo o caminho reflexivo delineado pelo título da pesquisa. Utilizando dados de experiências docentes, o autor compartilha reflexões provenientes de palestras, conectando a Educação Matemática Crítica às vozes de personalidades como Conceição Evaristo, Ailton Krenak, Chimamanda Adichie, Elza Soares e Nego Bispo. O artigo não conclui, mas oferece um "meio do caminho" em direção a uma Educação Matemática Crítica comprometida, principalmente, com a vida. O provérbio africano "Se quer saber o final, preste atenção no começo" ressalta a importância da jornada na compreensão da complexidade do título.
Atenuação das economias de aglomeração no Brasil
Authors: ALMEIDA Edilberto Tiago de , SILVA Diana Lúcia Gonzaga da , SILVEIRA NETO Raul da Mota
Published: February 2025

Resumo As externalidades positivas da aglomeração no mercado de trabalho podem desaparecer com a distância geográfica. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a extensão espacial dos efeitos da aglomeração do emprego sobre os salários individuais nas regiões metropolitanas do Brasil. A partir dos microdados georreferenciados da RAIS, a localização exata dos estabelecimentos permitiu estabelecer micro unidades espaciais de análise intra-urbana baseadas em critérios exógenos. Para identificar os efeitos da aglomeração do emprego, o modelo econométrico faz uso de variável instrumental e de um conjunto de características dos trabalhadores, dos estabelecimentos e da localização do emprego. As evidências encontradas mostram que os efeitos positivos de aglomeração sobre os salários individuais são localizados, ocorrendo principalmente numa escala espacial de até 1 km.
Accuracy of motor tests indicating musculoskeletal fitness to predict low back pain in young adults
Authors: Oliveira Raphael Gonçalves de , Reis Alex Lopes dos , Vitor Gleice Beatriz Batista , Campos Júnior Jorge Furtado de , Oliveira Laís Campos de
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT This study verified the capacity of motor tests related to musculoskeletal fitness to predict young adults with low back pain (LBP). The sample consisted of 377 participants of both sexes, who answered the Nordic questionnaire for LBP and performed the sit-and-reach, horizontal jump, 1-min sit-up, Sorensen, and side plank tests. All tests showed low accuracy (AUC < 0.70), although the Sorensen (p = 0.03) and side plank (p = 0.00) tests showed statistical significance. Therefore, despite the low accuracy, the cutoff point identified in the side plank test (< 41 sec.) and Sorensen (< 89 sec.) can be used with some caution to predict young adults with LBP.
«Журнал ВШЭ по международному праву (HSE University Journal of International Law)»: миссия «вверх»
Authors: Русинова Вера Николаевна
Published: February 2025

Обращение Редакции к читателям журнала.
Teorías Sociales del Odio: Análisis Geopolítico y Enfoques Pedagógicos para Contrarrestarlo
Authors: Rios-Campos Pilar , Rodríguez-Ávila Nuria , Rodríguez-Martínez Pilar
Published: February 2025

En este artículo hacemos un repaso a las principales aproximaciones teóricas para visualizar cómo el odio ha sido teorizado desde inicios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Nuestro objetivo es explorar las principales teorías y perspectivas sobre el odio, visualizar cómo estos enfoques han sido presentados por diferentes pensadores/as, que han tratado de entender y explicar estos complejos fenómenos. Pretendemos también presentar cómo las pedagogías actuales se están desarrollando en la línea de los planteamientos de aquellos teóricos del odio como por ejemplo la Educación Cultural Responsable, feminista e incluso la pedagogía de la disconformidad o del punk rock. Al combinar teorías sociológicas con enfoques educativos, se puede desarrollar una comprensión más profunda del odio y observar qué estrategias efectivas que se están desarrollando en la actualidad para combatirlo y prevenirlo en el contexto educativo.
MAN-MADE IMPACT AND WATER CYCLE RATES IN CENOMANIAN-CALLOVIAN GROUNDWATER COMPLEX (KYIV)
Authors:   Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Koshliakova T. , Koshliakov O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dolin V. ,   Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Skrypkin V. ,   Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with estimating water cycle rates for the Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex located within Kyiv hydrologic system, namely – evaluating velocity of surface water entry to the groundwater complex and its share in groundwater budget. The research is carried out mostly via a water balance method, and a hydrodynamic method, alongside with testing tritium activity in water samples from the Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex, and processing proper isotope data from radio-geologic and radiochemical analysis. To build cartographic schemes ArcGIS program was used. The paper gives an overview of the data published earlier on water cycle rates within Kyiv groundwater system, which functions under maninduced impact, and determines a portion of atmospheric precipitations in the Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex. Taking into account anthropogenic load in water cycle rebuilding of the hydrodynamic system, there were determined estimates for the time water passes through the upper Cretaceous malm-chalk thickness; the latter is the upper confining layer for the groundwater complex under consideration. The research proves the presence of tritium in groundwater to equally result from both natural and man-caused factors, these two both affecting the process of vertical underground water cycle formation. For the first time ever, using isotope radio-geologic and radiochemical data, water balance, and hydrodynamic values it was determined that the portion of infiltration supply in the Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex, which provides sources for Kyiv area, is equal to 21-23%, and the arrival time of surface water to the groundwater complex under consideration is equal to 10-12 years. The data obtained allow for determining water cycle rates in the Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex as well as immunity of potable ground water. The methodology that combines water balance, hydrodynamic methods, and isotope radio-geologic and radiochemical analysis can be successfully applied when estimating water cycle rates for other areas.
Biologically active supplements: safety, efficacy, market review
Authors: Stepanova A. M. , Plutnitskiy А. N. , Gameeva E. V.
Published: February 2025

In October 2024, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of the United States celebrated its 30th anniversary, having established a new class of supplementary medical products. Over the 30-year period, the use of dietary supplements in the United States has evolved from a few hundred products primarily consisting of vitamins, minerals, and select herbal extracts to more than 75,000 items. Despite the popularity of biologically active supplements (BAS), their concurrent use alongside conventional prescription medications raises concerns regarding potential drug interactions, particularly among individuals with comorbidities. An increasing number of patients with chronic diseases use BAS; however, a global consensus regarding their safety remains elusive. The present paper reviews the efficacy and safety of BAS, as well as the market for such products. The presented data underscore the risks associated with the global proliferation of BAS, thus necessitating the development of an effective collaboration among consumers, practicing physicians, and government institutions, as well as the establishment of international criteria for assessing the risks of adverse events. This eventually enhances transparency and trust in the products. In order to ensure safety, a stricter regulation and an efficient control system are required to facilitate adequate monitoring and recording of complications that may arise due to the use of BAS.
Спорт: Зачем? Кому? Как? Соображения о мотивации спорта
Authors: Воронин Андрей Алексеевич
Published: February 2025

В статье ставятся вопросы о природе, движущих мотиваций, связи спорта с другими видами человеческой деятельности, идеологии спорта. Многообразие спорта делает принципиально фрагментарными попытки выделить и обсудить философские проблемы этого вида человеческой креативности.
Reflexões Sobre uma Aritmética do 2º ano Elementar e de Autoria da Irmã Franciscana Cecy Cony
Authors: Kuhn Malcus Cassiano , Britto Silvio Luiz Martins
Published: February 2025

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa na temática de História da Educação Matemática, atentando-se para o processo histórico de atuação educacional da Congregação das Irmãs Franciscanas da Penitência e Caridade Cristã de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente, objetiva apresentar reflexões sobre o estudo da numeração em um livro de aritmética do 2º ano do curso elementar e de autoria da Irmã Franciscana Cecy Cony. Possui uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de análise documental, sendo um livro de aritmética da década de 1930, escrito por uma religiosa da Congregação das Irmãs Franciscanas de São Leopoldo, a principal fonte primária desta pesquisa histórica, analisada com base em referenciais sobre manuais escolares. Trata-se de uma obra voltada para o estudo dos números até 10000, com ênfase para as quatro operações fundamentais. Verificou-se que o livro faz uma recapitulação das operações de adição e de subtração e introduz a multiplicação e a divisão. Apesar de esses conceitos serem introduzidos com exemplos concretizados, predominam exercícios para serem resolvidos oralmente e por escrito, com algoritmos de cálculo na horizontal e na vertical. Mesmo que o programa do 2º ano contemple a resolução de problemas e a associação dos conteúdos com elementos concretos, observou-se uma grande quantidade de exercícios explorando o cálculo abstrato e a memorização.
Palavras-chave: História da Educação Matemática. Livro de Aritmética. Cálculo Abstrato. Memorização.
Abstract
The paper presents research results on the theme of History of Mathematics Education, paying attention to the historical process of educational activity of the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of Penitence and Christian Charity of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Specifically, it aims to present reflections on the study of numbering in an arithmetic book for the 2nd year of the elementary course and written by Franciscan Sister Cecy Cony. It has a qualitative approach, through documentary analysis, being an arithmetic book from the 1930s, written by a nun from the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of São Leopoldo, the main primary source of this historical research, analyzed based on references on school manuals. This is a work focused on the study of numbers up to 10000, with emphasis on the four fundamental operations. It was found that the book recapitulates the operations of addition and subtraction and introduces multiplication and division. Although these concepts are introduced with concrete examples, exercises predominate to be solved orally and in writing, with horizontal and vertical calculation algorithms. Even though the 2nd year program includes problem solving and the association of content with concrete elements, there was a large number of exercises exploring abstract calculation and memorization.
Keywords: History of Mathematics Education. Arithmetic Book. Abstract Calculus. Memorization.
Raciocínio Proporcional no 5º Ano: Análise de Estratégias Resolução de Situações-Problema da OBMEP Mirim
Authors: Campeão Vagner , Silva Angelica da Fontoura Garcia
Published: February 2025

Este estudo investiga as estratégias utilizadas por alunos do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental na resolução de uma situação-problema da Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP) Mirim, focando no desenvolvimento do Raciocínio Proporcional (RP). A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada na observação das interações entre alunos durante atividades colaborativas. As estratégias dos estudantes foram analisadas à luz de Lesh, Post, & Behr (1988) sobre o RP e a promoção do trabalho colaborativo, promovendo o conhecimento colaborativo Dillenbourg (1999). As principais estratégias identificadas foram a “metade” e o “valor unitário”, que se manifestaram por meio de registros figurais e cálculos mentais. Conforme a análise, as crianças demonstraram diferentes níveis de compreensão do RP, variando de estruturas aditivas e multiplicativas. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de representações visuais e a colaboração entre pares facilitaram a transição dos alunos do raciocínio aditivo para o proporcional, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento a respeito desse tipo de raciocínio. As conclusões sugerem a importância de incluir atividades que promovam o uso de múltiplas estratégias, como as adotadas neste estudo, para desenvolver o RP nos anos iniciais. Além disso, recomenda-se que os professores proporcionem um ambiente de aprendizagem que valorize a exploração de situações-problema, favorecendo o pensamento crítico e a compreensão das ideias envolvidas no Raciocínio Proporcional.
Palavras-chave: Raciocínio Proporcional. Estrutura Multiplicativa. Situação-Problema. Estratégias de resolução.
Abstract
This study investigates the strategies used by 5th-grade students in solving a problem from the OBMEP Mirim, focusing on the development of Proportional Reasoning (PR). The research follows a qualitative approach, based on observing student interactions during collaborative activities. The students' strategies were analyzed using the framework of Lesh, , Post, & Behr (1988) on PR and Dillenbourg's (1999) concept of collaborative knowledge building. The main strategies identified were "halving" and "unit value," expressed through figural representations and mental calculations. The analysis revealed varying levels of PR understanding, from additive to multiplicative structures. The results suggest that visual representations and peer collaboration facilitated students' transition from additive to proportional reasoning, contributing to their knowledge construction. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating activities that promote multiple strategies to develop PR in early education and recommend that teachers create learning environments that encourage problem-solving exploration, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding of proportional reasoning concepts.
Keywords: Proportional Reasoning. Multiplicative Structure. Problem Situation. Resolution Strategies.
Ensino de Estatística no Ensino Médio com base na Resolução de Problemas sob a perspectiva da Educação Matemática Crítica
Authors: Ferreira Roberto Lúcio , Lopes Thiago Beirigo
Published: February 2025

Este artigo apresenta os resultados e análises de um questionário aplicado a 22 estudantes do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, sobre sua experiência em uma pesquisa de mestrado focada no estudo de dados estatísticos da pandemia de Covid-19. O questionário, composto por 10 questões subjetivas, buscou captar as opiniões dos estudantes sobre a utilização da Resolução de Problemas e sua relevância para a Educação Matemática Crítica. As atividades ocorreram nos dias 18 e 19 de agosto de 2023, no ambiente de sala de aula, e o estudo foi conduzido como uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação. O objetivo foi analisar o pensamento crítico dos estudantes do 2º ano do Ensino Médio sobre dados estatísticos, promovendo discussões e análises que integrassem o conteúdo matemático ao contexto da pandemia. A metodologia de Resolução de Problemas demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficaz para incentivar a autonomia e o protagonismo dos alunos no processo de aprendizado, possibilitando a análise crítica e a interpretação de dados em diferentes contextos. Os resultados indicam que essa abordagem contribuiu significativamente para o desenvolvimento da capacidade dos estudantes de tomar decisões informadas e interpretar dados de forma crítica.
Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática Ensino de Estatística. Resolução de Problemas. Ensino Médio. Pandemia de Covid-19.
AbstractThis article presents the results and analyses of a questionnaire administered to 22 second-year high school students from a public school, regarding their experience in a master's research project focused on the study of statistical data during the Covid-19 pandemic. The questionnaire, composed of 10 subjective questions, aimed to capture the students' opinions on the use of Problem Solving and its relevance to Critical Mathematics Education. The activities took place on August 18 and 19, 2023, in the classroom, and the study was conducted as a qualitative action-research project. The primary objective was to analyze students' critical thinking about statistical data, fostering discussions and analyses that integrated mathematical content with the pandemic context. The Problem Solving methodology proved to be an effective tool for encouraging students' autonomy and active participation in the learning process, enabling critical analysis and interpretation of data across different contexts. The results indicate that this approach significantly contributed to students' ability to make informed decisions and critically interpret data.
Keywords: Mathematics Education. Teaching Statistics. Problem Solving. High School. Covid-19 Pandemic.
Typology of Tourist Packages Based on Criteria of Reservation Systems
Authors: Widz Monika
Published: February 2025

The article proposes a typology of tourist packages based on the criteria contained in the most popular travel agency reservation system. As the main source of information on tourist packages are computer reservation systems, their evolution from the 19th century to the present is discussed. The research was conducted using several methods: meta-analysis of definitions and classifications of tourist packages found in the literature on the subject; survey research using CATI technique among travel agency employees in Lublin; query of tourist packages based on criteria included in the reservation system MerlinX. The results obtained allowed us to propose a typology of tourist packages, mainly based on: the place of service provision; the number and type of services that make up the package; services included or not included in the package price. The following packages were distinguished: stay, tour, stay-tour and optional, which are divided into basic and extended. For the third criterion, i.e. price, optional services were distinguished. In addition, the characteristics of the packages were identified, taking into account five criteria: destination; transport; duration (number of nights); category of accommodation; board option.
Demography, clinical presentation and management of blepharoptosis at a tertiary eye care centre in western India
Authors: Agrawal Garima , Meena Seema
Published: February 2025

: Study of blepharoptosis from western India in the recent COVID era are sparse. We undertook this study to document the demography, pathogenetic subtype, clinical presentation and management of blepharoptosis at our western regional Institute of ophthalmology.

: The study was a prospective, interventional, cross-sectional study. 85 consecutive patients with blepharoptosis attending the outpatient department of our tertiary eye care centre were enrolled. All patients were subjected to a thorough history taking and examination. The patients were managed as per the pathogenetic mechanism of ptosis. The patients were examined postoperatively at day one, one week, three weeks, six weeks and three months. The outcome, sequelae and complications (if any) were documented.

: The statistical analysis was done using the arithmetic mean and percentages.

: The most common type of ptosis observed was congenital 78 (91.76%). The most common type of congenital ptosis was myogenic ptosis due to a dystrophic levator muscle in 43 (50.6%) of cases followed by Marcus gunn jaw winking synkinesis in 25 (29.4%) of cases. Frontalis sling was the most performed surgery. The outcome of the surgical management of blepharoptosis was good in 70 (85.36%) cases. The most common complication aka sequelae were astigmatic changes in 11 (12.94%) of cases.

: The spectrum of demography, clinical presentation and management of blepharoptosis at our tertiary eye care centre in western India has been documented in the present era. The study findings complement those of other researchers. They are unique on their own with respect to the geographical area and the recent COVID-19 era.
Patient pushback: Why some resist progressive addition lenses for presbyopia
Authors: Sah Manish Kumar , Tiwari Priyanshu , Kumar Prashant , Sah Ruchika
Published: February 2025

To identify and assess various challenges and problems that presbyopia patients have when wearing progressive lenses.

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. The study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire prepared specifically for the investigation. Faculty and specialists in the subject verified the questionnaire. The inclusion criteria include all presbyopia patients with normal general health, whether they are current spectacle wearers or non-spectacle users. A prepared questionnaire was used to conduct interviews with each respondent. The examiner thoroughly explained the structured questionnaire before administering it to participants. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: the respondent's demographic information, information on their present spectacles, including whether or not they used spectacles, the types of near correction, and the reasons they did not use progressive addition lenses.

A total of 270 persons participated in this study, with 163 being male and 107 female. The study revealed that 43 participants, or 15.93%, used single vision glasses for near vision. Bifocals were utilized by 141 individuals, accounting for 52.22% of the total, a significant amount. Progressive addition lenses (PALs) were utilized by 52 participants, making up 19.26%. Furthermore, despite having presbyopia, 34 subjects (12.59%) did not use glasses for close vision. We found that 176 participants, or 65.19%, were aware of progressive addition lenses. In contrast, 94 participants, making up 34.81%, were not aware of progressive addition lenses. Out of the participants who did not use progressive addition lenses, 94 individuals (34.81%) cited lack of awareness about PALs as the reason. Additionally, 43 participants (15.93%) mentioned longer adaption times as a deterrent.

Presbyopia patient’s impressions of progressive lenses are multidimensional, reflecting both the benefits and drawbacks of using them. According to our findings, while many patients appreciate the smooth vision correction provided by progressive lenses, a lack of awareness and initial adaptation might be significant impediments to adoption.
To study the extent of regression of retinal neovascularisation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy following laser photocoagulation of the ischaemic retina
Authors: Nazm Nazneen , Nadeem  , Mukherjee Madhura
Published: February 2025

Eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy have a variable response to treatment with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents. We undertook this study to find out what is the exact extent of regression of neovascularisation with PRP and what are the factors that correlate with this variation in response.

Present Prospective Study was conducted in Subjects with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy attending the ophthalmology department at ESI-PGIMSR and Model Hospital, Basaidarapur, New Delhi from October 2019-April 2021. During the above-mentioned period a total of 38 eyes of 22 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were selected for the study. This study was done to evaluate the regression of neovascularisation after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

In our study population, 16 (72.72%) of the subjects were males with age (mean ± SD) 60.00± 4.20 years were more than females 6 (27.27%) with age (mean ± SD) 51.56± 5.41 years. the area of neovascularisation in our patients ranged from 0.42 mm2 to 9.23 mm2 while the area of NVD in our patients ranged from 0 mm2 to 0.8 mm2 and the area of NVE in our patients at baseline ranged from 0.21 mm2 to 8.61 mm2. After 3 months of PRP all the neovascularisations showed regression to a significant extent. 31.58% of PDR eyes shows complete neovascularisation regression while 68.42% shows partial regression which is highly significant.

PRP was shown to induce regression of neovascularisation and arrest of progression of diabetic retinopathy. PRP in PDR reduced the risk of severe visual loss. Timely applied laser photocoagulation of the ischaemic retina was effective in causing regression of the already developed neovascularisation and in preventing further development of neovascularisation.
Effectiveness of glaucoma diagnosis using optical coherence tomography in patients with unreliable standard automated perimetry test
Authors: Rathod Vishakha Narayan , Chikkanayakanahalli Kavitha , Sandeep K  , Acharya Pavana , Anusha K S
Published: February 2025

: Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness in people over 40 years old, involves progressive retinal ganglion cell loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Visual Field (VF) testing, though essential, is subjective and variable. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) objectively measures Nerve fiber layer thickness, aiding early-stage detection but less effective in advanced stages. OCT’s objectivity benefits rural and less educated population where Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) results are often unreliable.

: 1) To determine the percentage of unreliable standard automated perimetry test. 2) To analyze the socio-demographic factors of patients with unreliable standard automated perimetry test. 3) To determine the percentage of the glaucoma diagnosis using OCT in patients with unreliable standard automated perimetry.

: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 glaucoma suspect patients. In glaucoma suspects, age, gender, locality, education, occupation & economic status were recorded. 30-2 central fast threshold visual field was done for 2 consecutive times. On OCT percentage of optic disc cupping, RNFL thinning were calculated & analyzed in patients with unreliable SAP

: Mean age group- 52 ± 7 years. 60% had unreliable SAP. 40 cases were in age 51-70years. 39 cases were from rural locality & 21 from urban. Most of them were farmers. 22 cases were illiterate. 50 cases were from lower socio-economic status. 35 cases had RNFL thinning

: 60% of individuals had unreliable SAP results. Most cases of unreliable perimetry were observed in females, age group of 51-60 years, predominantly from rural areas, engaged in farming or homemaking, with low literacy levels and a lower socio-economic status. Among these individuals, 58% were diagnosed having glaucoma using OCT, highlighting the effectiveness OCT in diagnosing glaucoma in this group.
Effect of cyclopentolate on ocular biometric parameters
Authors: Pakalapati Pradeep , Haritha Thamatam
Published: February 2025

Accurate measurement of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal curvature (CC) is essential for the calculation of IOL power according to different formulas. Assessing ACD is important to determine whether there is enough room for the PC-IOLs. It is evident that a shallow ACD and/or narrow angle may increase the risk of iris pigment chaffing, particularly when posterior chamber hyperopic PC-IOLs are implanted. Overestimation of ACD may result in corneal endothelial cell damage. Cyclopentolate is a synthetic antimuscarinic cycloplegic agent available in 0.5% and 1% solutions. It is widely accepted drug for patients of all ages providing excellent short-term cycloplegia. This study aims to compare the effect of cyclopentolate 1% on ocular biometric parameters – Anterior chamber depth (ACD), Lens thickness (LT) and Axial length (AL) before and after dilatation.

In this observational study, 25 eyes of patients aged 45-75 years with significant cataract with nuclear sclerosis grading up to NO5NC5 C4 P4 (according to LOCS III) were included. The study was conducted for a duration of 3 months. Ocular biometric parameters ACD, LT and AL were measured using A-scan by immersion technique and compared before and after dilatation using 1% cyclopentolate and the data was analysed using paired T-test.

Statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05) was observed in LT and ACD, while no significant difference was noted in AL post-cycloplegia.

: Cycloplegia can significantly affect the ocular biometric parameters – deeper ACD and thinner LT. These changes in ocular biometric parameters should be considered in calculating IOL power to prevent refractive surprises after cataract surgery.
C-reactive protein as a biomarker for diabetic retinopathy: Insights from a tertiary referral hospital in India
Authors: Trivedi Kinjal Y , Chavda Prakash B , Desai Neha K , Negi Puja S , Aggarwal Somesh V
Published: February 2025

: High blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus (DM) may damage the eyes and cause diabetic retinopathy leading to blindness. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) evolves from NPDR to PDR during the disease course. CRP and other inflammatory mediators can serve as markers for early DR identification.

: To study C- reactive protein (CRP) as a potential biomarker for diabetic retinopathy and its severity in diabetic population.

: An observational prospective study was performed from October 2020 to October 2022 at a tertiary care referral centre in western India. We enrolled 115 type 2 diabetics with any grade of diabetic retinopathy. Apart from thorough ophthalmological examination, CRP levels were measured using a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26.0, with a p<0.05 considered as significant for this study. Results CRP was positive in 15.7% subjects. There were no significant gender or age differences between CRP positive and negative groups, with an average age of 56.82 ± 9.26 years. Most patients (69.6%) had uncontrolled diabetes and used medication. High CRP was strongly linked to high FBS, PP2BS, and HbA1c. Positive CRP was linked to increased PDR rates, showing a relationship between CRP and DR severity.

: CRP levels are connected to high blood sugar and HbA1c, however few diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients have higher levels. DR screening cannot be done using CRP alone. Further study with bigger samples is required to validate these results and develop other inflammatory indicators for early DR identification and treatment.
Compliance with the international and national guidelines for new normal ophthalmic practice patterns during the pandemic and post-pandemic COVID-19 era
Authors: Palani Subashree , Kumarasamy Murugan
Published: February 2025

To assess compliance with the international and national guidelines for new normal ophthalmic practice patterns during the pandemic and post-pandemic COVID-19 era.

An online questionnaire tool was used for this longitudinal observation study. It was conducted in two phases among practicing ophthalmologists in southern India. The first phase of the study, with 31 survey questions, was conducted in December 2020, and the second phase of the study, with four questions, was conducted in December 2023. Data was analysed using SPSS software, and qualitative variables were presented as numbers and percentages.

: A total of 186 ophthalmologists responded to the mail with a response rate of 47%. 37% were young ophthalmologists in the age group of 30–40 years, and 78% were operating surgeons. During the pandemic era, 72% of ophthalmologists followed triage at the hospital front desk, and 34.5% followed teleophthalmology, whereas in the post-pandemic era, only 8% of them followed the triage system. Personal protective equipment was utilised efficiently by all the participants during the pandemic era, whereas in the post-pandemic era, Likert scale showed that 62% of them completely stopped wearing face masks. 86% of them followed proper instrument cleaning methodology in the outpatient department, which declined to 5% in the post-pandemic era.

Triage, teleophthalmology, usage of a face mask, proper instrument sterilisation, and surgical precautions were some of the simple new normal practice patterns that can be followed in the post-pandemic period to prevent COVID and other deadly infections by health care professionals.

Healthcare practitioners can prevent themselves from acquiring COVID-19 and other deadly infections such as disease 'X' in the post-pandemic period by implementing basic new normal practice patterns such as triage, teleophthalmology, face mask usage, adequate equipment sterilisation, and adhering strictly to surgical precautions protocols.
Comparision of central retinal layer thickness in patients with PDR treated with intravitreal ranibizumab vs ranibizumab plus PRP
Authors: Vivekanand Undrakonda , Eluri Chandana Priyadarsini , Kannegolla Anudeep
Published: February 2025

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary cause of blindness in the working population worldwide and is a common consequence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

One significant risk factor for serious vision loss in individuals with diabetes mellitus is retinal neovascularization (NV). Since the 1980s, retinal photocoagulation (PRP) has been the gold standard for treating diabetic retinopathy (DR) because it increases the availability of oxygen to the retina and reduces the subsequent release of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), which prevents the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal anti VEGF therapy show combine anti-angiogenic and anti-edematous properties and significantly altered the course of DR.

The purpose of this study is to assess the central retinal thickness (CRT) of eyes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) receiving intravitreal ranibizumab versus ranibizumab with pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP).

: Thirty patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were split into two groups for this prospective randomized control trial. Fifteen eyes in Group A received intravitreal ranibizumab, while fifteen eyes in Group B received intravitreal ranibizumab plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). The study was carried out over a six-month period. Using paired T tests and analysis of variance, visual acuity and central retinal thickness (CRT) were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

: Best corrected visual acuity and Central Retinal thickness show a significant difference statistically (p value <0.05) between the two groups. Group A had a baseline visual acuity of 0.85 ± 0.10 compared to Group B 0.98 ± 0.14 with p value 0.007. By week 8, Group A showed a visual acuity of 0.34 ± 0.07 versus 0.26 ± 0.07 in Group B with p value 0.0012. Additionally, Group A's baseline CRT was 258.33 ± 20.33 µm compared to Group B's 267.40 ± 29.40 µm (p = 0.00002), and by week 8, it measured 217.26 ± 10.49 µm versus 228.00 ± 15.69 µm (p = 0.032).

Compared to intravitreal ranibizumab alone, the combination of pan retinal photocoagulation with intravitreal ranibizumab is a more successful treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Central retinal thickness, macular edema, and neovascularization are reduced more significantly with combination therapy, potentially reducing the need for injections.
Comprehensive analysis of anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations in sickle cell disease: A cross-sectional study in western Odisha
Authors: Khuntia Ipsita , Behera Sharmistha , Sahu Sasmita , Baa Jeneeta , Sahoo Mahesh , Nanda Prangnya
Published: February 2025

: This study investigates the anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Western Odisha.

Conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VSSIMSAR) from November 2018 to October 2020, the study involved 103 patients (204 eyes). The prevalence, clinical profiles, and demographic associations of ocular manifestations were assessed using advanced clinical and imaging techniques.

: The study highlighted a high prevalence of ocular morbidity in SCD patients, including cataract, glaucoma, and various forms of retinopathy. Anterior segment findings revealed conjunctival vessel abnormalities and iris atrophy. Posterior segment findings included retinal vessel tortuosity and proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR). The analysis underscored clinical diversity, with significant genotype-specific and age-related associations observed among the patients.

: Routine ocular screenings and early interventions are crucial to mitigate the risks of severe vision impairment in SCD patients. The use of advanced imaging techniques aids in precise diagnosis, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Public health initiatives that promote awareness and genetic counseling are essential for the effective management of SCD-related ocular manifestations. This study provides critical insights into the ocular health of SCD patients, guiding future research and healthcare strategies to address these complexities comprehensively. By emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention, the findings aim to reduce the burden of ocular complications in this patient population.
A descriptive study of correlation between micro-coaxial phacoemulsification parameters and post-operative endothelial cell loss in noncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: Pandharikar Aishwarya Jayant , Mandlik Hanumant Rangnath , Patil Sakshi Ravikant , Lanje Kamlesh Najukram , Joshi Ajit Kamalakar , Gotekar Rajesh Balkrishna
Published: February 2025

To study effect of micro-coaxial phacoemulsification on endothelial cell count in noncomplicated cataract surgery.

This was a prospective study, conducted on 150 eyes of cataract patients who underwent microcoaxial phacoemulsification. Clear corneal phacoemulsification was performed using Ozil torsional Technique. Phacoemulsification parameters after cataract surgery as well as pre and post-op endothelial cell count was recorded.

The study included 150 cases of senile cataract with mean age of 64.5 years, 52% being male and 48% being females. Endothelial cell loss of 65-1675 cells/mm with (P < 0.001) was noted, which was of high statistical significance. The postoperative EC Loss% ranged from 3.63% to 16.42% with a median of 10.24% (4.32% to 14.67%). A significant +ve correlation (p<0.001) was found between the EC Loss% and different phacoemulsification parameters including CDE, tortional time and volume. Also, EC Loss% was significantly correlated with the grade of nuclear sclerosis (P = 0.045).

: Higher grades of cataracts require more phacoemulsification power resulting in increased CDE and EC Loss. Increased aspiration time and the use of excessive amounts of irrigating fluid during phacoemulsification also ends with increased endothelial cell damage.
Study of changes in corneal endothelial cell characteristics in dry eye disease
Authors: Gondhali Gayatri R , Math Shadakshari S , Rahul K
Published: February 2025

Corneal endothelial cells, vital for maintaining transparency and unable to regenerate, compensate for cell loss by enlarging adjacent cells, which leads to increased size and varying morphology with age. This study emphasizes how dry eye affects these cells, stressing the need to address this frequently neglected condition.

This cross-sectional study explored alterations in corneal endothelial cell characteristics among 33 individuals with dry eye disease (DED) compared to 33 age- and gender-matched controls, aged between 18 and 78 years. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations, and various grades of DED were diagnosed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, Tear Meniscus Height measurement, Tear Film Break-Up Time test, Schirmer’s I test, and Lissamine Green staining and endothelium cells were assessed for endothelial cell density (ECD), cell morphology and central corneal thickness (CCT) by specular microscopy.

Compared to the control group (57.73±8), the average cell morphology showed significant changes in individuals with moderate DED (52±9) with p=0.0497, and in those with severe DED (49±7) with p=0.004. Additionally, Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) was notably lower in the severe DED group (485±32 µm) with p=0.002 as compared to control group (533±34 µm). The mean ECD was lower in severe DED patients compared to controls, but not statistically significantly.

The research found a correlation between DED severity and corneal endothelial cell characteristics. Severe DED leads to significant morphological alterations and reduced CCT. These findings highlight DED's impact on corneal cells, emphasizing early detection and intervention for preserving corneal health and improving intraocular surgery outcomes.
Acute-onset isolated oculomotor nerve palsy due to pituitary apoplexy
Authors: Rokhade Roopa , Jain Pradeep Kumar
Published: February 2025

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a neurosurgical emergency resulting from an acute haemorrhage or infarction within the pituitary adenoma. The classic clinical presentations of PA include acute headaches and visual disturbances. However, isolated oculomotor nerve palsy as the first sign of pituitary apoplexy is highly uncommon. We present three cases of acute-onset isolated oculomotor nerve palsy, which were later diagnosed as pituitary apoplexy. One patient presented with bilateral isolated oculomotor nerve palsy, while another had pupil-sparing oculomotor nerve palsy, which is more commonly associated with ischemia than compressive disorders. Our patients recovered completely following an early neurosurgical intervention. Two patients underwent transnasal-transsphenoidal surgery, and one had a transcranial procedure. After surgery, all patients recovered well. Therefore, PA should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy.
Presumptive contributors influencing cadaveric limbal stem cell graft rejection in cases of muriatic acid injury: A case series
Authors: Banerjee Tanima , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Bandopadhyay Mousumi
Published: February 2025

This study aimed at assessing the relevant risk factors regarding limbal graft rejection among recipients of cadaveric limbal stem cell transplantation in cases of unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency due to muriatic acid injury. After a biweekly follow up for 6 months, ten patients who developed graft rejection were included in the present study. All patients were admitted and rejection episode was managed with topical and systemic steroid. All of the patients were analyzed for presence of risk factors which might be contributing towards onset of graft rejection. Timing of surgery, glycemic status, past history of Covid infection, number & type of covid vaccination were found to be possible risk factors contributing graft rejection.
Talla baja y exceso de peso en escolares de Yucatán, México
Authors: Azcorra Hugo , Salazar Rendón Juan Carlos , Batún-Cutz José Luis , Matus-Basto María Dolores , Mendez Nina
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las anormalidades nutricionales durante la infancia, por carencias o excesos, son un problema de salud pública global por lo que es necesario conocer la situación de Yucatán dada su heterogeneidad socioeconómica.
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la presencia de talla baja para la edad (TB) y exceso de peso (EP: sobrepeso/obesidad) en escolares de Yucatán, México.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la talla e IMC (kg/m2) de 172,747 escolares (6-12 años) obtenidos del Registro Nacional de Peso y Talla 2016. Se estimaron las prevalencias de ambas condiciones por sexo, edad, tipo de escuela, municipio y nivel de marginación socioeconómica municipal. Se aplicaron pruebas de Ji cuadrada para analizar las diferencias en las proporciones de TB y EP por sexo, grupo de edad y variables sociodemográficas. El valor de significancia estadística empleado fue P<0.05. Se elaboraron mapas de calor para mostrar la distribución de los porcentajes de TB y EP en los municipios de Yucatán.
RESULTADOS: Las prevalencias de TB y EP fueron 16.8% y 43.2% respectivamente. La prevalencia de TB fue mayor en localidades rurales, escuelas indígenas y municipios con mayor nivel de marginación socioeconómica (P<0.001). La prevalencia de EP fue mayor en escuelas privadas, localidades urbanas y municipios con menor nivel de marginación y aumentaron al incrementar la edad de los escolares (P<0.001). La TB se concentra en el oriente y sureste del estado y el EP en el centro y norte.
CONCLUSIÓN: Las prevalencias de TB y EP en Yucatán demandan acciones exitosas para mejorar la salud de los escolares.
Inteligência Artificial e a Matemática: uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura sobre Aplicações em Educação e Ensino
Authors: Feitosa Milena Monteiro , Lemos José de Jesus Sousa , Nascimento Louize , Machado Adilson Matheus Borges
Published: February 2025

A Inteligência Artificial (IA) transcende os limites da ficção científica, tornando-se uma realidade cada vez mais presente em nosso cotidiano. Este trabalho objetiva mapear as aplicações da IA no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática. De forma específica, a pesquisa buscou: investigar quais ferramentas e tecnologias de IA estão sendo utilizadas em contextos educacionais e matemáticos; identificar como a IA pode ser aplicada no ensino de matemática, e o que pode ser alcançado; analisar os questionamentos levantados por pesquisadores e educadores sobre o uso da IA na educação. A pesquisa utilizou revisão sistemática de literatura na base Web of Science (WOS) e seguiu o método Systematic Search Flow (SSF). Foram identificadas as principais aplicações da IA na educação matemática e o crescente interesse acadêmico no tema, evidenciando seu potencial transformador.
 
Palavras-chave: Inteligência artificial. Educação matemática. Revisão sistemática.
Draped in Meaning: The Evolving Symbolism of the Black Abaya in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Saud Latifa S.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the symbolism of the Black Abaya within contemporary Saudi society. This loose-fitting, full-length garment, prevalent as an item of women’s clothing in the Arabian Peninsula, has a long history as the standard modest dress for day-today wear among Muslim women. In recent years, academic and media attention toward the attire in the West has seen it come to serve as a symbol for Muslim womanhood sometimes associated with religious extremism, oppression, and personal agency. This interpretation has underscored the need for greater understanding and appreciation of the diverse cultural practices and traditions associated with the Abaya within Arab and Muslim societies. This study investigates how contemporary Saudi women interact with and explore the garment, especially their relationship with the traditional Black Abaya. This is pursued through undertaking ethnographic research consisting of interviews, observations, autoethnographic methods, and documentary analysis. The study notes the ambiguous and diverse interpretations of the Abaya as well as a trend toward embellishing the traditional Black Abaya form to better suit the needs of modern Saudi women for self-expression.