bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genomics of the Transport Proteins of Ten Lactobacillus Strains
Authors: Zafar Hassan , Saier Milton H.
Published: October 2020

The genus Lactobacillus includes species that may inhabit different anatomical locations in the human body, but the greatest percentage of its species are inhabitants of the gut. Lactobacilli are well known for their probiotic characteristics, although some species may become pathogenic and exert negative effects on human health. The transportome of an organism consists of the sum of the transport proteins encoded within its genome, and studies on the transportome help in the understanding of the various physiological processes taking place in the cell. In this communication we analyze the transport proteins and predict probable substrate specificities of ten Lactobacillus strains. Six of these strains (L. brevis, L. bulgaricus, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. reuteri, and L. ruminis) are currently believed to be only probiotic (OP). The remaining four strains (L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, L. planatarum, and L. rhamnosus) can play dual roles, being both probiotic and pathogenic (PAP). The characteristics of the transport systems found in these bacteria were compared with strains (E. coli, Salmonella, and Bacteroides) from our previous studies. Overall, the ten lactobacilli contain high numbers of amino acid transporters, but the PAP strains contain higher number of sugar, amino acid and peptide transporters as well as drug exporters than their OP counterparts. Moreover, some of the OP strains contain pore-forming toxins and drug exporters similar to those of the PAP strains, thus indicative of yet unrecognized pathogenic potential. The transportomes of the lactobacilli seem to be finely tuned according to the extracellular and probiotic lifestyles of these organisms. Taken together, the results of this study help to reveal the physiological and pathogenic potential of common prokaryotic residents in the human body.
Storm-Related Rhodolith Deposits from the Upper Pleistocene and Recycled Coastal Holocene on Sal Island (Cabo Verde Archipelago)
Authors: Johnson Markes E. , Ramalho Ricardo , Marques da Silva Carlos
Published: October 2020

This project examines the role of tropical storms in the northeast Atlantic Ocean related to the post-mortem deposition of rhodoliths in coastal settings during Neogene to Holocene time with primary emphasis on Sal Island in the Cabo Verde Archipelago located 600 km off the coast of Senegal in northwest Africa. Fossil rhodoliths from 10 to 15 cm in diameter are equal in size to contemporary rhodoliths that survive for a century or more at water depths undisturbed by all but the most energetic storms. The shape of large rhodoliths makes them susceptible to rare disturbances with sufficient energy to export them beyond their preferred habitat into extreme environments that include supratidal settings. The methodology of this study gauges the relative sphericity of rhodoliths based on measurements across three axes perpendicular to one another, plots size variations on bar graphs, and considers whether or not individual nodules are nucleated around rock cores eroded from proximal rocky shores. Sal Island is impacted on a steady basis by wave swell generated from the Northeast Trade Winds, but Pleistocene and Holocene deposits with large rhodoliths on the Island’s windward coast are interpreted as the result of major storms of hurricane intensity. Comparison of Sal Island rhodoliths with Pliocene and Miocene examples from other insular localities in the Northeast Atlantic considers evidence for displacement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) into more northern latitudes as an influence on past hurricane tracks that are less common today.
Mind-Mindedness and Parenting Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Cohort of Mothers of 3-Month-Old Full-Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Suttora Chiara , Spinelli Maria , Aureli Tiziana , Fasolo Mirco , Lionetti Francesca , Picciolini Odoardo , Ravasi Maura , Salerni Nicoletta
Published: October 2020

The preterm birth of a child is a sudden event that can disturb the overall family system and its functioning. Many studies have been conducted with the aim of exploring how and the degree to which this event affects the early mother–infant dyadic relationship and maternal well-being, with often mixed findings. The present study investigates the combined effect of preterm birth and parenting stress on mind-mindedness, a parenting dimension that captures how parents represent and treat their children as separate individuals with their own mental states and activities. A hundred and ten mothers and their three-month-old infants (preterm = 54; full-term = 56) participated in the study. Mind-mindedness was assessed by coding mothers’ comments about infant’s mental states during dyadic face-to-face interaction. Parenting stress was evaluated with the Parenting Stress Index Short Form questionnaire. Mothers of preterm infants reported similar levels of appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments to mothers of full-term infants. The reported parenting stress levels were also comparable. Interestingly, only mothers of preterm infants who reported higher stress in parenting showed more non-attuned comments during the interaction. The results underline the need to address preterm birth as a complex event, going beyond group differences and considering its interplay with other risk or protective factors in shaping children’s and parents’ adjustments and well-being.
Randomized Clinical Trial of an Internet-Based Adolescent Depression Prevention Intervention in Primary Care: Internalizing Symptom Outcomes
Authors: Gladstone Tracy , Buchholz Katherine R. , Fitzgibbon Marian , Schiffer Linda , Lee Miae , Voorhees Benjamin W. Van
Published: October 2020

Approximately 20% of people will experience a depressive episode by adulthood, making adolescence an important developmental target for prevention. CATCH-IT (Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral, Humanistic, and Interpersonal Training), an online depression prevention intervention, has demonstrated efficacy in preventing depressive episodes among adolescents reporting elevated symptoms. Our study examines the effects of CATCH-IT compared to online health education (HE) on internalizing symptoms in adolescents at risk for depression. Participants, ages 13–18, were recruited across eight US health systems and were randomly assigned to CATCH-IT or HE. Assessments were completed at baseline, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. There were no significant differences between groups in change in depressive symptoms (b = −0.31 for CATCH-IT, b = −0.27 for HE, p = 0.80) or anxiety (b = −0.13 for CATCH-IT, b = −0.11 for HE, p = 0.79). Improvement in depressive symptoms was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both groups (p = 0.004 for CATCH-IT, p = 0.009 for HE); improvement in anxiety was significant for CATCH-IT (p = 0.04) but not HE (p = 0.07). Parental depression and positive relationships with primary care physicians (PRPC) moderated the anxiety findings, and adolescents’ externalizing symptoms and PRPC moderated the depression findings. This study demonstrates the long-term positive effects of both online programs on depressive symptoms and suggests that CATCH-IT demonstrates cross-over effects for anxiety as well.
Polyethylene Nail Brace for Ingrown Toenails Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Márquez-Reina Salvador , Palomo-Toucedo Inmaculada , Reina-Bueno María , Castillo-López José Manuel , Ortega Javier Ramos , Calvo-Lobo César , López-López Daniel , Domínguez-Maldonado Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Background: Onychocryptosis is one of the most prevailing onychopathies and one of the usual reasons for visiting podiatry clinics. In this research, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a procedure of nail reeducation technique via a strip of polyethylene in subjects with stage I or IIa onychocryptosis, in which pathological toenail curves are present. Methods: This research was a randomized clinical trial (ACTRN12615000834550). The sample was made up of 94 cases of stage I or IIa onychocryptosis, according to the Mozena classification. Briefly, 46 cases were treated with the combination of a spicule technique and nail brace with a polyethylene plastic strip, and 48 were only treated with the spicule technique. Results: The combination of the spicule technique and the nail brace technique with a strip of polyethylene had a significantly lower recurrence rate compared to that achieved with just the spicule technique, twelve months after the beginning of the study (N.S. = 0.000 for α = 0.05). The change in the nail width achieved with the nail brace technique, twelve months after the beginning of the study, was statistically significant (N.S. = 0.000 for α = 0.05). Conclusions: The recurrence rate of the spicule technique alone was significantly higher than the combined technique of spicule with nail brace. A nail brace with a strip of polyethylene reduces the recurrence rate of onychocryptosis.
COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis
Authors: Alrasheed Hend , Althnian Alhanoof , Kurdi Heba , Al-Mgren Heila , Alharbi Sulaiman
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) has resulted in an ongoing pandemic and has affected over 200 countries around the world. Mathematical epidemic models can be used to predict the course of an epidemic and develop methods for controlling it. As social contact is a key factor in disease spreading, modeling epidemics on contact networks has been increasingly used. In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. We generated a contact network that captures realistic social behaviors and dynamics of individuals in Saudi Arabia. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. Our results suggest that Saudi Arabia would have faced a nationwide peak of the outbreak on 21 April 2020 with a total of approximately 26 million infections had it not imposed strict control measures. The results also indicate that social distancing plays a crucial role in determining the future local dynamics of the epidemic. Our results also show that the closure of schools and mosques had the maximum impact on delaying the epidemic peak and slowing down the infection rate. If a vaccine does not become available and no social distancing is practiced from 10 June 2020, our predictions suggest that the epidemic will end in Saudi Arabia at the beginning of November with over 13 million infected individuals, and it may take only 15 days to end the epidemic after 70% of the population receive a vaccine.
Visualizing Inequality in Health and Socioeconomic Wellbeing in the EU: Findings from the SHARE Survey
Authors: Grané Aurea , Albarrán Irene , Lumley Roger
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this paper is to visualize profiles of older Europeans to better understand differing levels of dependency across Europe. Data comes from wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), carried out in 18 countries and representing over 124 million aged individuals in Europe. Using the information of around 30 mixed-type variables, we design four composite indices of wellbeing for each respondent: self-perception of health, physical health and nutrition, mental agility, and level of dependency. Next, by implementing the k-prototypes clustering algorithm, profiles are created by combining those indices with a collection of socio-economic and demographic variables about the respondents. Five profiles are established that segment the dataset into the least to the most individuals at risk of health and socio-economic wellbeing. The methodology we propose is wide enough to be extended to other surveys or disciplines.
A Flexible Framework for Covering and Partitioning Problems in Indoor Spaces
Authors: Kim Sung-Hwan , Li Ki-Joune , Cho Hwan-Gue
Published: October 2020

Utilizing indoor spaces has become important with the progress of localization and positioning technologies. Covering and partitioning problems play an important role in managing, indexing, and analyzing spatial data. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage framework for indoor space partitioning, each stage of which can be flexibly adjusted according to target applications. One of the main features of our framework is the parameterized constraint, which characterizes the properties and restrictions of unit geometries used for the covering and partitioning tasks formulated as the binary linear programs. It enables us to apply the proposed method to various problems by simply changing the constraint parameter. We present basic constraints that are widely used in many covering and partitioning problems regarding the indoor space applications along with several techniques that simplify the computation process. We apply it to particular applications, device placement and route planning problems, in order to give examples of the use of our framework in the perspective on how to design a constraint and how to use the resulting partitions. We also demonstrate the effectiveness with experimental results compared to baseline methods.
Bag of Geomorphological Words: A Framework for Integrating Terrain Features and Semantics to Support Landform Object Recognition from High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Zhou Xiran , Xie Xiao , Xue Yong , Xue Bing , Qin Kai , Dai Weijiang
Published: October 2020

High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and its derivatives (e.g., curvature, slope, aspect) offer a great possibility of representing the details of Earth’s surface in three-dimensional space. Previous research investigations concerning geomorphological variables and region-level features alone cannot precisely characterize the main structure of landforms. However, these geomorphological variables are not sufficient to represent a complex landform object’s whole structure from a high-resolution DEM. Moreover, the amount of the DEM dataset is limited, including the landform object. Considering the challenges above, this paper reports an integrated model called the bag of geomorphological words (BoGW), enabling automatic landform recognition via integrating point and linear geomorphological variables, region-based features (e.g., shape, texture), and high-level landform descriptions. First, BoGW semantically characterizes the composition of geomorphological variables and meaningful parcels of each type of landform. Based on a landform’s semantics, the proposed method then integrates geomorphological variables and region-level features (e.g., shape, texture) to create the feature vector for the landform. Finally, BoGW classifies a region derived from high-resolution DEM into a predefined type of landform by the feature vector. The experimental results on crater and cirque detection indicated that the proposed BoGW could support landform object recognition from high-resolution DEMs.
In Vivo Validation of Alternative FDXR Transcripts in Human Blood in Response to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Cruz-Garcia Lourdes , O’Brien Grainne , Sipos Botond , Mayes Simon , Tichý Aleš , Sirák Igor , Davídková Marie , Marková Markéta , Turner Daniel J. , Badie Christophe
Published: October 2020

Following cell stress such as ionising radiation (IR) exposure, multiple cellular pathways are activated. We recently demonstrated that ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) has a remarkable IR-induced transcriptional responsiveness in blood. Here, we provided a first comprehensive FDXR variant profile following DNA damage. First, specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers were designed to establish dose-responses for eight curated FDXR variants, all up-regulated after IR in a dose-dependent manner. The potential role of gender on the expression of these variants was tested, and neither the variants response to IR nor the background level of expression was profoundly affected; moreover, in vitro induction of inflammation temporarily counteracted IR response early after exposure. Importantly, transcriptional up-regulation of these variants was further confirmed in vivo in blood of radiotherapy patients. Full-length nanopore sequencing was performed to identify other FDXR variants and revealed the high responsiveness of FDXR-201 and FDXR-208. Moreover, FDXR-218 and FDXR-219 showed no detectable endogenous expression, but a clear detection after IR. Overall, we characterised 14 FDXR transcript variants and identified for the first time their response to DNA damage in vivo. Future studies are required to unravel the function of these splicing variants, but they already represent a new class of radiation exposure biomarkers.
A Toxicity Prediction Tool for Potential Agonist/Antagonist Activities in Molecular Initiating Events Based on Chemical Structures
Authors: Kurosaki Kota , Wu Raymond , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: October 2020

Because the health effects of many compounds are unknown, regulatory toxicology must often rely on the development of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models to efficiently discover molecular initiating events (MIEs) in the adverse-outcome pathway (AOP) framework. However, the QSAR models used in numerous toxicity prediction studies are publicly unavailable, and thus, they are challenging to use in practical applications. Approaches that simultaneously identify the various toxic responses induced by a compound are also scarce. The present study develops Toxicity Predictor, a web application tool that comprehensively identifies potential MIEs. Using various chemicals in the Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) 10K library, we identified potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) using a machine-learning approach. Based on the optimized three-dimensional (3D) molecular structures and XGBoost algorithm, we established molecular descriptors for QSAR models. Their predictive performances and applicability domain were evaluated and applied to Toxicity Predictor. The prediction performance of the constructed models matched that of the top model in the Tox21 Data Challenge 2014. These advanced prediction results for MIEs are freely available on the Internet.
Formation of HERV-K and HERV-Fc1 Envelope Family Members is Suppressed on Transcriptional and Translational Level
Authors: Gröger Victoria , Wieland Lisa , Naumann Marcel , Meinecke Ann-Christin , Meinhardt Beate , Rossner Steffen , Ihling Christian , Emmer Alexander , Staege Martin S. , Cynis Holger
Published: October 2020

The human genome comprises 8% sequences of retroviral origin, so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Most of these proviral sequences are defective, but some possess open reading frames. They can lead to the formation of viral transcripts, when activated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. HERVs are thought to play a pathological role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Since the consequences of activated proviral sequences in the human body are largely unexplored, selected envelope proteins of human endogenous retroviruses associated with inflammatory diseases, namely HERV-K18, HERV-K113, and HERV-Fc1, were investigated in the present study. A formation of glycosylated envelope proteins was demonstrated in different mammalian cell lines. Nevertheless, protein maturation seemed to be incomplete as no transport to the plasma membrane was observed. Instead, the proteins remained in the ER where they induced the expression of genes involved in unfolded protein response, such as HSPA5 and sXBP1. Furthermore, low expression levels of native envelope proteins were increased by codon optimization. Cell-free expression systems showed that both the transcriptional and translational level is affected. By generating different codon-optimized variants of HERV-K113 envelope, the influence of single rare t-RNA pools in certain cell lines was demonstrated. The mRNA secondary structure also appears to play an important role in the translation of the tested viral envelope proteins. In summary, the formation of certain HERV proteins is basically possible. However, their complete maturation and thus full biologic activity seems to depend on additional factors that might be disease-specific and await elucidation in the future.
3D Exoscope-Assisted Microvascular Anastomosis: An Evaluation on Latex Vessel Models
Authors: Pinto Valentina , Giorgini Federico A. , Lozano Miralles Maria Elisa , Tarsitano Achille , Panella Maria Martina , Cipriani Riccardo , Pignatti Marco
Published: October 2020

Background. Over the last few years, advances in technologies and digital imaging have led to the introduction of systems that enable a new approach to microsurgery and supermicrosurgery. The exoscope is a new magnification system that provides a 3D image of the surgical field: microsurgical procedures can be performed with the aid of this instrument. Here, we describe our preliminary experience with a high-definition 3D exoscope (VITOM®, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), evaluating the characteristics of the instrument, and also its use as a magnification device for microanastomosis training. Methods. Six microsurgeons with various levels of experience were asked to perform three end-to-end anastomoses and two end-to-side anastomoses on latex vessel models, using, as a magnification system, the VITOM® 3D 4K exoscope. None of the surgeons involved had previous experience with the exoscope, with robotic surgery, with endoscopic surgery, nor with training simulators. Results. The results of the reported evaluation of the tool’s qualities, (VITOM Quality Assessment Tool) included: a good focusing of the surgical field; high image quality; strong luminance; good magnification; clear stereoscopy; and excellent freedom of movement. The exoscope proved to be user-friendly. A constant reduction in the time needed to perform the microsurgical anastomosis at each exercise was recorded. Among other advantages were the easy switching from the magnified image to the macroscopic view, superior ergonomics allowing a relaxed posture while performing the anastomosis, adequate space, and a convenient setting for the assistants to view the operating field. Conclusions. Our study showed that the exoscope VITOM 3D can be successfully used as a magnification tool for microsurgical anastomosis on synthetic vessels, and that it can also be helpful during training courses in microsurgery.
The Added Value of Radiographs in Diagnosing Knee Osteoarthritis Is Similar for General Practitioners and Secondary Care Physicians; Data from the CHECK Early Osteoarthritis Cohort
Authors: Wang Qiuke , Runhaar Jos , Kloppenburg Margreet , Boers Maarten , Bijlsma Johannes , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita ,   The CREDO Expert Group
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the added value of radiographs for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by general practitioners (GPs) and secondary care physicians (SPs). Methods: Seventeen GPs and nineteen SPs were recruited to evaluate 1185 knees from the CHECK cohort (presenters with knee pain in primary care) for the presence of clinically relevant osteoarthritis (OA) during follow-up. Experts were required to make diagnoses independently, first based on clinical data only and then on clinical plus radiographic data, and to provide certainty scores (ranging from 1 to 100, where 1 was “certainly no OA” and 100 was “certainly OA”). Next, experts held consensus meetings to agree on the final diagnosis. With the final diagnosis as gold standard, diagnostic indicators were calculated (sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, accuracy and positive/negative likelihood ratio) for all knees, as well as for clinically “certain” and “uncertain” knees, respectively. Student paired t-tests compared certainty scores. Results: Most diagnoses of GPs (86%) and SPs (82%) were “consistent” after assessment of radiographic data. Diagnostic indicators improved similarly for GPs and SPs after evaluating the radiographic data, but only improved relevantly in clinically “uncertain” knees. Radiographs added some certainty to “consistent” OA knees (GP 69 vs. 72, p < 0.001; SP 70 vs. 77, p < 0.001), but not to the consistent no OA knees (GP 21 vs. 22, p = 0.16; SP 20 vs. 21, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The added value of radiographs is similar for GP and SP, in terms of diagnostic accuracy and certainty. Radiographs appear to be redundant when clinicians are certain of their clinical diagnosis.
The Impact of Preoperative Inflammatory Markers on the Prognosis of Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Oligometastases
Authors: Londero Francesco , Grossi William , Parise Orlando , Cinel Jacqueline , Parise Gianmarco , Masullo Gianluca , Tetta Cecilia , Micali Linda Renata , Mauro Emanuela , Morelli Angelo , Maessen Jos G. , Gelsomino Sandro
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients undergoing resection of pulmonary oligometastases. A retrospective analysis on 141 patients undergoing a first pulmonary metastasectomy in a single center was carried out. Two distinct analysis were performed subdividing patients according to their NLR ratio and CRP level. The main outcomes were survival and time to recurrence. At completion of follow-up 74 patients were still alive (52.5%). Subdividing patients according to their NLR yielded a significant difference in five-year progression-free survival (PFS, NLR < 4:32% vs. NLR ≥ 4:18%, p = 0.01). When subdivided by their CRP levels, patients with preoperative CRP < 5 mg/L demonstrated higher values of five-year overall survival (OS, 57% vs. 34%, p = 0.006) and five-year PFS (35% vs. 22%, p = 0.04). At multivariate analysis, level of neutrophils (p = 0.009) and lung comorbidities (p = 0.021) were independent predictors of death, whereas preoperative CRP (p = 0.002), multiple metastases (p = 0.003) and presence of lung comorbidities (p = 0.001) were independent predictors of recurrence. NLR and CRP are important predictors of prognostic outcome in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy.
Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) Did Occur in Poland during Months with Low COVID-19 Prevalence, Preliminary Results of a Nationwide Register
Authors: Okarska-Napierała Magdalena , Ludwikowska Kamila , Szenborn Leszek , Dudek Natalia , Mania Anna , Buda Piotr , Książyk Janusz , Mazur-Malewska Katarzyna , Figlerowicz Magdalena , Szczukocki Maciej , Kucińska Beata , Werner Bożena , Stopyra Lidia , Czech Agnieszka , Berdej-Szczot Elżbieta , Gawlik Aneta , Opalińska Paulina , Mazur Artur , Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska Danuta , Niszczota Cezary , Jackowska Teresa , Wysocki Jacek ,   MOIS CoR Study Group, Kuchar Ernest
Published: October 2020

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a new entity in children, likely associated with previous coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. Most of the reports about PIMS come from countries particularly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to investigate the nature of inflammatory syndromes in Poland (country with low COVID-19 prevalence) and to perceive the emergence of PIMS in our country. On 25 May 2020, we launched a nationwide survey of inflammatory syndromes in children for retrospective (since 4 March 2020) and prospective data collection. Up to 28 July, 39 reported children met the inclusion criteria. We stratified them according to age (<5 and ≥ 5 years old) and COVID-19 status. The majority of children had clinical and laboratory features of Kawasaki disease, probably non-associated with COVID-19. However, children ≥5 years of age had PIMS characteristics, and nine children had COVID-19 confirmation. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the PIMS register from a country with a low COVID-19 prevalence, and it proves that PIMS may emerge in any area involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. In a context of limited COVID-19 testing availability, other risk factors of PIMS, e.g., older age, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory syndromes in children.
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Canephron N in Comparison to Ciprofloxacin in the Prevention of Postoperative Lower Urinary Tract Infections after Midurethral Sling Surgery
Authors: Rechberger Ewa , Rechberger Tomasz , Wawrysiuk Sara , Miotla Pawel , Kulik- Rechberger Beata , Kuszka Andrzej , Wróbel Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common reasons for antibiotic prescriptions among women worldwide. UTIs are also associated with intra- and postoperative catheterization, which is an essential component of many gynecological surgical procedures, including midurethral sling (MUS) placement. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of UTI subsequent to a MUS procedure. The study involved 562 female patients who underwent MUS procedures due to stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to two study groups: patients receiving 500 mg of ciprofloxacin three times a day for 3 consecutive days after surgery or patients receiving 5 mL of Canephron taken orally three times a day for 3 weeks. After analyzing the collected data, it was found that in the group of patients receiving ciprofloxacin, 29 women (10.98%) had a UTI, whereas in the group of patients receiving Canephron, 36 women (13.64%) had a UTI within 6 months after the patient’s MUS procedure. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was noted. Postoperative prophylaxis with a phytodrug can be perceived as an attractive option in the reduction of antibiotic consumption among female patients after a MUS procedure.
TAVR, SAVR and MI-AVR. Good Things Come to Those Who Wait
Authors: Piperata Antonio , Gemelli Marco , Jorgji Vjola , Gerosa Gino , Bottio Tomaso
Published: October 2020

Modern medicine uses a combination of advanced technology and established knowledge to reach its ultimate goal: healing patients while limiting risks and preventing disease [...]
Incidence of Melanoma in Catalonia, Spain, Is Rapidly Increasing in the Elderly Population. A Multicentric Cohort Study
Authors: Podlipnik Sebastian , Carrera Cristina , Boada Aram , Richarz Nina , Marcoval Joaquim , Ferreres Josep , Bodet Domingo , Martí Rosa , Segura Sonia , Sabat Mireia , Dalmau Joan , Quintana Mònica , Azon Antoni , Curcó Neus , Formigon Manel , Olivella-Garcés María , Zaballos Pedro , Sola Joaquim , Galvany Loida , Baliu-Piqué Carola , Alegre Marta , Pasquali Paola , Malvehy Josep , Puig Susana ,   on behalf of the Network of Melanoma Centres of Catalonia
Published: October 2020

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide during recent decades. The objective of the study was to analyse the trends in incidence for in situ and invasive melanoma in the Spanish region of Catalonia during the period of 2008–2017. We designed a cross-sectional study with an age-period-cohort analysis of melanoma patient data from the Network of Melanoma Centres in Catalonia. Our database covered a population of over seven million and included a total of 8626 patients with incident melanoma. The main outcome measures were crude and age-standardised incidence rates to the European 2013 standard population. Joinpoint regression models were used to evaluate the population trends. We observed an increase in the age-standardised incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of all melanoma subtypes from 11.56 in 2008 to 13.78 in 2017 with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 3.5%. This incidence increase was seen exclusively in the older population. Moreover, the stratified analysis showed a statistically significant increase in the age-standardised incidence rate for invasive (AAPC 2.1%) and in situ melanoma (AAPC 6.5%). In conclusion, the incidence of melanoma has continued to increase in the elderly population over recent decades, with a rapidly increasing trend of in situ melanomas and the lentigo maligna subtype.
Targeted Therapy Recommendations for Therapy Refractory Solid Tumors—Data from the Real-World Precision Medicine Platform MONDTI
Authors: Taghizadeh Hossein , Unseld Matthias , Spalt Martina , Mader Robert M. , Müllauer Leonhard , Fuereder Thorsten , Raderer Markus , Sibilia Maria , Hoda Mir Alireza , Aust Stefanie , Polterauer Stephan , Lamm Wolfgang , Bartsch Rupert , Preusser Matthias , A. Kautzky-Willer , Prager Gerald W.
Published: October 2020

Advanced therapy-refractory solid tumors bear a dismal prognosis and constitute a major challenge in offering effective treatment strategies. In this real-world retrospective analysis of our precision medicine platform MONDTI, we describe the molecular profile of 554 patients diagnosed with 17 different types of advanced solid tumors after failure of all standard treatment options. In 304 cases (54.9% of all patients), a molecular-driven targeted therapy approach could be recommended, with a recommendation rate above 50% in 12 tumor entities. The three highest rates for therapy recommendation per tumor classification were observed in urologic malignancies (90.0%), mesothelioma (78.6%), and male reproductive cancers (71.4%). Tumor type (p = 0.46), expression of p-mTOR (p = 0.011), expression of EGFR (p = 0.046), and expression of PD-L1 (p = 0.023) had a significant impact on the targeted therapy recommendation rate. Therapy recommendations were significantly more often issued for men (p = 0.015) due to gender-specific differences in the molecular profiles of patients with head and neck cancer and malignant mesothelioma. This analysis demonstrates that precision medicine was feasible and provided the basis for molecular-driven therapy recommendations in patients with advanced therapy refractory solid tumors.
Effect of Yttria Content on the Translucency and Masking Ability of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal
Authors: Cho Young-Eun , Lim Young-Jun , Han Jung-Suk , Yeo In-Sung Luke , Yoon Hyung-In
Published: October 2020

Translucent zirconia, manufactured by increasing the yttria content, offers improved translucency, but may have a negative effect on esthetic outcomes under clinical conditions such as discolored abutment because of the reflection of the underlying color. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the translucency parameter and masking ability of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP (Katana HT)), 4Y-ZP (Katana STML), and 5Y-ZP (Katana UTML) with those of lithium disilicate (Rosetta SM). Zirconia and lithium disilicate specimens of 10 mm diameters and 0.8 and 1.5 mm thicknesses were fabricated. Their CIE L*a*b* values (L*, brightness; a*, red-green value; b*, yellow-blue value) were measured at the center of the specimens against black and white backgrounds using a spectrophotometer, and translucency parameter (TP) values were determined. The microstructure of the specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Four cylindrical backgrounds of different shades were prepared. The zirconia and lithium disilicate specimens were placed on the backgrounds without any intervening medium. CIE L*a*b* values were obtained, and the color difference value (ΔE) was calculated. Thresholds for acceptability and perceptibility were assumed as ΔE = 5.5 and ΔE = 2.6, respectively, to evaluate masking ability. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc was performed using Scheffe’s test (α = 0.05). In zirconia specimens, the TP value increased as the yttria content increased from 3 mol %, through 4 mol % to 5 mol %, and all zirconia specimens showed lower TP values than lithium disilicate specimens did. All zirconia specimens showed optimal masking ability against a normal dentin shade (ND3) and acceptable masking ability against titanium at a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. However, no zirconia specimen could mask severely discolored dentin (ND9), regardless of thickness. The decrease in zirconia thickness from 1.5 to 0.8 mm significantly increased translucency. Monolithic Y-TZP ceramics could mask a normal dentin background but could not mask severely discolored dentin at either 0.8 or 1.5 mm thicknesses.
Parameter Optimisation in the Vibration-Based Machine Learning Model for Accurate and Reliable Faults Diagnosis in Rotating Machines
Authors: Sepulveda Natalia Espinoza , Sinha Jyoti
Published: October 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based machine learning (ML) models seem to be the future for most of the applications. Recent research effort has also been made on the application of these AI and ML methods in the vibration-based faults diagnosis (VFD) in rotating machines. Several research studies have been published over the last decade on this topic. However, most of the studies are data driven, and the vibration-based ML (VML) model is generally developed on a typical machine. The developed VML model may not predict faults accurately if applied on other identical machines or a machine with different operation conditions or both. Therefore, the current research is on the development of a VML model by optimising the vibration parameters based on the dynamics of the machine. The developed model is then blindly tested at different machine operation conditions to show the robustness and reliability of the proposed VML model.
Use of X-ray Computed Tomography for Assessing Defects in Ti Grade 5 Parts Produced by Laser Melting Deposition
Authors: Chioibasu Diana , Mihai Sabin , Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Lungu Mihail , Porosnicu Ioana , Sima Adrian , Dobrea Cosmin , Tiseanu Ion , Popescu Andrei C.
Published: October 2020

Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) is a metal printing technique that allows for the manufacturing of large objects by Directed Energy Deposition. Due to its versatility in variation of parameters, the possibility to use two or more materials, to create alloys in situ or produce multi-layer structures, LMD is still being scientifically researched and is still far from industrial maturity. The structural testing of obtained samples can be time consuming and solutions that can decrease the samples analysis time are constantly proposed in the scientific literature. In this manuscript we present a quality improvement study for obtaining defect-free bulk samples of Ti6Al4V under X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) by varying the hatch spacing and distance between planes. Based on information provided by XCT, the experimental conditions were changed until complete elimination of porosity. Information on the defects in the bulk of the samples by XCT was used for feedback during parameters tuning in view of complete removal of pores. The research time was reduced to days instead of weeks or months of samples preparation and analysis by destructive metallographic techniques.
Voltage Amplitude-Controlled Synaptic Plasticity from Complementary Resistive Switching in Alloying HfOx with AlOx-Based RRAM
Authors: Ryu Hojeong , Choi Junhyeok , Kim Sungjun
Published: October 2020

In this work, the synaptic plasticity from complementary resistive switching in a HfAlOx-based resistive memory device was emulated by a direct current (DC) voltage sweep, current sweep, and pulse transient. The alloyed HfAlOx dielectric was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The negative differential resistance observed before the forming and set processes can be used for interface resistive switching with a low current level. Complementary resistive switching is obtained after the forming process at a negative bias. This unique resistive switching is also suitable for synaptic device applications in which the reset process occurs after an additional set process. The current sweep mode provides more clear information on the complementary resistive switching. Multiple current states are achieved by controlling the amplitude of the set and reset voltages under DC sweep mode. The potentiation and depression characteristics are mimicked by varying the pulse voltage amplitude for synaptic device application in a neuromorphic system. Finally, we demonstrate spike-timing-dependent plasticity by tuning the timing differences between pre-spikes and post-spikes.
Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Characteristics Analysis of Journal Microbearing Lubricated with Rarefied Gas
Authors: Wu Yao , Yang Lihua , Xu Tengfei , Wu Wei
Published: October 2020

Temperature rise and elastic deformation are unavoidable issues occurring in high-speed gas microbearings due to the dominant small-scale fluid dynamics in rarefied gas flow applications. In this paper, thermo-elasto-aerodynamic analysis requires simultaneously solving the modified Reynolds equation, modified energy equation, temperature–viscosity relationship and the elasticity equations for predicting the lubrication characteristics of microbearings. A thermo-elasto-aerodynamic lubrication is systematically investigated by using the partial derivative method, finite difference formulation and the finite element approach. The results indicate that, compared with rigid microbearing which has a constant viscosity gas lubricant, the temperature effect increases the load capacity, friction coefficient and stiffness coefficients, and it decreases the attitude angle and damping coefficients of the microbearing. The flexibility of the bearing pad also leads to the increase in load capacity and direct stiffness coefficients, while it remains to further decrease the direct damping coefficients on the basis of thermo-aerodynamic performance. The present study is conducive to accurately analyze the microscopic flow properties in a microbearing-rotor system.
Microbial Reference Frames Reveal Distinct Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after Cleansing
Authors: Sfriso Riccardo , Claypool Joshua
Published: October 2020

Skin cleansing represents a process of mechanical and chemical removal of dirt, pollutants as well as microbiota from the skin. While skin cleansing can help maintain good health, protect us from infections, illnesses and ailments, skin cleansing can also strip away lipids and moisture from the skin, leading to irritation, barrier impairment and disturbance of the delicate cutaneous microbiome. This study investigated how skin cleansing impacts skin’s microbial composition. Thirty Caucasian women were enrolled in a placebo controlled clinical study where participants applied on their volar forearms a liquid body wash twice daily for 1 week in order to mimic frequent showering. Skin microbiome samples were collected by swabbing at defined timepoints and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. Using “reference frames”, we could identify shifts in the microbial composition and several microbiota were identified as being characteristically associated with the presence of saccharide isomerate, a well-known skin moisturizer. The microbial shift was quite immediate, and we could observe it already at 1 h post cleansing. Interestingly, the new microbial composition reached a certain dynamic equilibrium at day 1 which was then maintained until the end of the study. Paracoccus marcusii, a potentially beneficial carotenoid-producer microorganism, was enriched by the active treatment and, at the same time, the abundance of several potential pathogenic taxa, Brevibacterium casei and Rothia mucilaginosa, diminished.
Mechanisms Affecting the Acquisition, Persistence and Transmission of Francisella tularensis in Ticks
Authors: Tully Brenden G. , Huntley Jason F.
Published: October 2020

Over 600,000 vector-borne disease cases were reported in the United States (U.S.) in the past 13 years, of which more than three-quarters were tick-borne diseases. Although Lyme disease accounts for the majority of tick-borne disease cases in the U.S., tularemia cases have been increasing over the past decade, with >220 cases reported yearly. However, when comparing Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of Lyme disease) and Francisella tularensis (causative agent of tularemia), the low infectious dose (<10 bacteria), high morbidity and mortality rates, and potential transmission of tularemia by multiple tick vectors have raised national concerns about future tularemia outbreaks. Despite these concerns, little is known about how F. tularensis is acquired by, persists in, or is transmitted by ticks. Moreover, the role of one or more tick vectors in transmitting F. tularensis to humans remains a major question. Finally, virtually no studies have examined how F. tularensis adapts to life in the tick (vs. the mammalian host), how tick endosymbionts affect F. tularensis infections, or whether other factors (e.g., tick immunity) impact the ability of F. tularensis to infect ticks. This review will assess our current understanding of each of these issues and will offer a framework for future studies, which could help us better understand tularemia and other tick-borne diseases.
Efficacy and Safety of Kudzu Flower–Mandarin Peel on Hot Flashes and Bone Markers in Women during the Menopausal Transition: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Ji Eon , Jeong Hyeyun , Hur Soohee , Lee Junho , Kwon Oran
Published: October 2020

This randomized controlled study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an extract mixture of kudzu flower and mandarin peel (KM) on hot flashes (HFs) and markers of bone turnover in women during the menopausal transition. Healthy women aged 45–60 years with the menopausal HFs were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either KM (1150 mg/day) or placebo arms for 12 weeks (n = 84). The intent-to-treat analysis found that compared with the placebo, the KM significantly attenuated HF scores (p = 0.041) and HF severities (p < 0.001), with a mean difference from baseline to week 12. The KM also improved bone turnover markers, showing a significant reduction in bone resorption CTx (p = 0.027) and a tendency of increasing bone formation OC relative to the placebo. No serious adverse events and hormonal changes were observed in both groups. These findings suggest that KM consumption may improve the quality of life in ways that are important to symptomatic menopausal women.
Laminaria japonica Suppresses the Atopic Dermatitis-Like Responses in NC/Nga Mice and Inflamed HaCaT Keratinocytes via the Downregulation of STAT1
Authors: Hwang Youn-Hwan , Song Hyun-Kyung , Lee Ami , Ha Hyunil , Kim Taesoo
Published: October 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin allergy accompanied by acute and chronic dermal inflammation. In traditional oriental medicine, Laminaria japonica has been used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory diseases. Therefore, to determine the therapeutic potential of L. japonica against AD, we investigated the inhibitory effects of L. japonica water extract (LJWE) on the inflammatory mediators and AD-like skin lesions. We determined the cell viability of LJWE-treated HaCaT cells using the cell counting kit-8 assay and the levels of inflammatory cytokines using cytometric bead array kits. Additionally, we analyzed the modulatory effects of LJWE on the signaling pathways in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells via Western blotting. Furthermore, we determined the in vivo effect of LJWE on NC/Nga mice and found that LJWE remarkably improved the skin moisture, reduced dermatitis severity, and inhibited the overproduction of inflammatory mediators in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized NC/Nga mice. We also observed that LJWE inhibits the expression of inflammatory chemokines in human keratinocytes by downregulating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. In conclusion, LJWE has the therapeutic potential against AD by healing AD-like skin lesions, and suppressing inflammatory mediators and major signaling molecules.