bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable Charge Transfer in Ag-TiO2 Composite Structure for SERS Application
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Yan Chao , Chen Lei , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Jinghai
Published: June 2017

The nanocaps array of TiO2/Ag bilayer with different Ag thicknesses and co-sputtering TiO2-Ag monolayer with different TiO2 contents were fabricated on a two-dimensional colloidal array substrate for the investigation of Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. For the TiO2/Ag bilayer, when the Ag thickness increased, SERS intensity decreased. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement was observed when the sublayer Ag was 10 nm compared to the pure Ag monolayer, which was ascribed to the metal-semiconductor synergistic effect that electromagnetic mechanism (EM) provided by roughness surface and charge-transfer (CT) enhancement mechanism from TiO2-Ag composite components. In comparison to the TiO2/Ag bilayer, the co-sputtered TiO2-Ag monolayer decreased the aggregation of Ag particles and led to the formation of small Ag particles, which showed that TiO2 could effectively inhibit the aggregation and growth of Ag nanoparticles.
Clinical Identification of Geriatric Patients with Hypovitaminosis D: The ‘Vitamin D Status Predictor for Geriatrics’ Study
Authors: Annweiler Cédric , Riou Jérémie , Alessandri Axel , Gicquel David , Henni Samir , Féart Catherine , Kabeshova Anastasiia
Published: June 2017

The 16-item Vitamin D Status Predictor (VDSP) tool identifies healthy older community-dwellers at risk of hypovitaminosis D and may guide the use of blood tests in this population. The objective of the present hospital-based study was to test the efficacy of the VDSP to identify geriatric patients with hypovitaminosis D. The study included 199 nonsupplemented geriatric in- and outpatients consecutively admitted to Angers University Hospital, France (mean ± SD, 82.0 ± 7.8 years; 53.3% female). Serum 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25(OH)D) was measured at the time of the physician-administered VDSP. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration ≤ 75 nmol/L for vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L for vitamin D deficiency, and 25(OH)D ≤ 25 nmol/L for severe vitamin D deficiency. We found that 184 participants (92.4%) had vitamin D insufficiency, 136 (68.3%) had vitamin D deficiency, and 67 (33.7%) had severe vitamin D deficiency. The VDSP identified severe vitamin D deficiency with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.83 and OR = 24.0. The VDSP was able to identify vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency with less accuracy (AUC = 0.71 and AUC = 0.73, respectively). In conclusion, the 16-item VDSP is a short questionnaire that accurately identifies geriatric patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. This tool may guide the use of blood collection for determining geriatric patients’ vitamin D status.
Preventive Effect of Cow’s Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 on Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Corsello Giovanni , Carta Maurizio , Marinello Roberto , Picca Marina , De Marco Giulio , Micillo Maria , Ferrara Dante , Vigneri Patrizia , Cecere Gaetano , Ferri Pasqualina , Roggero Paola , Bedogni Giorgio , Mosca Fabio , Paparo Lorella , Nocerino Rita , Berni Canani Roberto
Published: June 2017

Background: Fermented foods have been proposed to prevent common infectious diseases (CIDs) in children attending day care or preschool. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of dietary supplementation with cow’s skim milk fermented with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 in reducing CIDs in children attending day care or preschool. Methods: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on healthy children (aged 12–48 months) consuming daily 7 grams of cow’s skim milk fermented with L. paracasei CBA L74 (group A), or placebo (maltodextrins group B) attending day care or preschool during the winter season. The main outcome was the proportion of children who experienced ≥1 episode of CID during a 3-month follow-up. Fecal biomarkers of innate (α- and β-defensins, cathelicidin) and acquired immunity (secretory IgA) were also monitored. Results: A total of 126 children (71 males, 56%) with a mean (SD) age of 33 (9) months completed the study, 66 in group A and 60 in group B. At intention to treat analysis, the proportion of children presenting ≥1 CID was 60% in group A vs. 83% in group B, corresponding to an absolute risk difference (ARD) of −23% (95% CI: −37% to −9%, p < 0.01). At per-protocol-analysis (PPA), the proportion of children presenting ≥1 CID was 18% in group A vs. 40% in group B, corresponding to an absolute risk difference (ARD) of −22% (95% CI: −37% to −6%, p < 0.01). PPA showed that the proportion of children presenting ≥1 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was significantly lower in group A (18% vs. 40%, p < 0.05). The ARD for the occurrence of ≥1 AGE was −22% (95% CI: −37% to −6%, p < 0.01) in group A. Similar findings were obtained at PPA regarding the proportion of children presenting ≥1 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), which was significantly lower in group A (51% vs. 74%, p < 0.05), corresponding to an ARD of −23% (95% CI: −40% to −7%, p < 0.01). Significant changes in innate and acquired immunity biomarkers were observed only in subjects in group A. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with cow’s skim milk fermented with L. paracasei CBA L74 is an efficient strategy in preventing CIDs in children.
Antioxidants Mediate Both Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Imam Mustapha , Zhang Shenshen , Ma Jifei , Wang Hao , Wang Fudi
Published: June 2017

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, antioxidants are often used to protect cells and tissues and reverse oxidative damage. It is well known that iron metabolism underlies the dynamic interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidants in many pathophysiological processes. Both iron deficiency and iron overload can affect redox state, and these conditions can be restored to physiological conditions using iron supplementation and iron chelation, respectively. Similarly, the addition of antioxidants to these treatment regimens has been suggested as a viable therapeutic approach for attenuating tissue damage induced by oxidative stress. Notably, many bioactive plant-derived compounds have been shown to regulate both iron metabolism and redox state, possibly through interactive mechanisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of these mechanisms and discusses compelling preclinical evidence that bioactive plant-derived compounds can be both safe and effective for managing both iron deficiency and iron overload conditions.
Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hernández-Alonso Pablo , Camacho-Barcia Lucía , Bulló Mònica , Salas-Salvadó Jordi
Published: June 2017

Nuts and dried fruit are essential foods in the Mediterranean diet. Their frequent consumption has been associated with the prevention and/or the management of such metabolic conditions as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Several previous reviews of epidemiological studies and clinical trials have evaluated the associations of nuts and/or dried fruit with various metabolic disorders. However, no reviews have focused on the mechanisms underlying the role of nuts and/or dried fruit in insulin resistance and T2D. This review aims to report nut and dried-fruit nutritional interventions in animals and humans, and to focus on mechanisms that could play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.
Landsat-Based Trend Analysis of Lake Dynamics across Northern Permafrost Regions
Authors: Nitze Ingmar , Grosse Guido , Jones Benjamin , Arp Christopher , Ulrich Mathias , Fedorov Alexander , Veremeeva Alexandra
Published: June 2017

Lakes are a ubiquitous landscape feature in northern permafrost regions. They have a strong impact on carbon, energy and water fluxes and can be quite responsive to climate change. The monitoring of lake change in northern high latitudes, at a sufficiently accurate spatial and temporal resolution, is crucial for understanding the underlying processes driving lake change. To date, lake change studies in permafrost regions were based on a variety of different sources, image acquisition periods and single snapshots, and localized analysis, which hinders the comparison of different regions. Here, we present a methodology based on machine-learning based classification of robust trends of multi-spectral indices of Landsat data (TM, ETM+, OLI) and object-based lake detection, to analyze and compare the individual, local and regional lake dynamics of four different study sites (Alaska North Slope, Western Alaska, Central Yakutia, Kolyma Lowland) in the northern permafrost zone from 1999 to 2014. Regional patterns of lake area change on the Alaska North Slope (−0.69%), Western Alaska (−2.82%), and Kolyma Lowland (−0.51%) largely include increases due to thermokarst lake expansion, but more dominant lake area losses due to catastrophic lake drainage events. In contrast, Central Yakutia showed a remarkable increase in lake area of 48.48%, likely resulting from warmer and wetter climate conditions over the latter half of the study period. Within all study regions, variability in lake dynamics was associated with differences in permafrost characteristics, landscape position (i.e., upland vs. lowland), and surface geology. With the global availability of Landsat data and a consistent methodology for processing the input data derived from robust trends of multi-spectral indices, we demonstrate a transferability, scalability and consistency of lake change analysis within the northern permafrost region.
An Efficient and Robust Integrated Geospatial Object Detection Framework for High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Han Xiaobing , Zhong Yanfei , Zhang Liangpei
Published: June 2017

Geospatial object detection from high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing imagery is a significant and challenging problem when further analyzing object-related information for civil and engineering applications. However, the computational efficiency and the separate region generation and localization steps are two big obstacles for the performance improvement of the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection methods. Although recent object detection methods based on CNN can extract features automatically, these methods still separate the feature extraction and detection stages, resulting in high time consumption and low efficiency. As a significant influencing factor, the acquisition of a large quantity of manually annotated samples for HSR remote sensing imagery objects requires expert experience, which is expensive and unreliable. Despite the progress made in natural image object detection fields, the complex object distribution makes it difficult to directly deal with the HSR remote sensing imagery object detection task. To solve the above problems, a highly efficient and robust integrated geospatial object detection framework based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method realizes the integrated procedure by sharing features between the region proposal generation stage and the object detection stage. In addition, a pre-training mechanism is utilized to improve the efficiency of the multi-class geospatial object detection by transfer learning from the natural imagery domain to the HSR remote sensing imagery domain. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations on a publicly available 10-class object detection dataset were conducted to evaluate the proposed method.
Physical Layer Secret-Key Generation Scheme for Transportation Security Sensor Network
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: June 2017

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in different disciplines, including transportation systems, agriculture field environment monitoring, healthcare systems, and industrial monitoring. The security challenge of the wireless communication link between sensor nodes is critical in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a new physical layer secret-key generation scheme for transportation security sensor network. The scheme is based on the cooperation of all the sensor nodes, thus avoiding the key distribution process, which increases the security of the system. Different passive and active attack models are analyzed in this paper. We also prove that when the cooperative node number is large enough, even when the eavesdropper is equipped with multiple antennas, the secret-key is still secure. Numerical results are performed to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Simulation on the Future Change of Soil Organic Carbon from Phaeozems under Different Management Practices in Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Maoxin , Zhang Jing , Liu Mingguo , Guo Liping , Ma Fawang , Xie Liyong , Xu Minggang , Yun Anping
Published: June 2017

The Phaeozem region is an important grain production base in China and soil fertility has declined under long-term cultivation. Studying soil organic carbon (SOC) change in the upland phaeozem of Northeast China under different tillage modes has great theoretical and practical significance for reducing greenhouse gases emissions, increasing soil carbon stocks, and ensuring food security. This study applied the DAYCENT model to simulate six long-term experimental sites in the phaeozem region, and through calibration and validation analysis, it concluded that the DAYCENT model could effectively simulate the dynamic change of SOC in the upland phaeozems; hence, the relevant parameters of each site were determined. Under future climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, RCP 4.5), SOC change in agricultural soils (0–20 cm topsoil) of four different management scenarios (fertilizer application, manure amendment, straw return, no-tillage) was simulated. The overall simulated trend was no-tillage > straw return > manure amendment > fertilizer application. Fertilizer had no evident effect on increasing SOC, but the effect would be better if combined with manure; both straw return and no-tillage had the general effect of improving SOC and the simulated values rose rapidly with a large increasing rate within a short period; however, the increasing rate became gentle after 2050, reached a relatively stable level after 2080, then gradually reached carbon saturation. Untill 2100, the SOC content of each site reached a relatively higher level by adopting the no-tillage treatment, where the SOC contents of Harbin, Hailun, Nehe, Dehui, Gongzhuling and Lishu were 2.36 g/100 g, 2.81 g/100 g, 2.22 g/100 g, 2.38 g/100 g, 1.97 g/100 g and 2.01 g/100 g, respectively. The SOC contents increased by 52.47% when compared with the initial value, and the simulated average annual increase of SOC for 84 years was 0.0082 g/100 g.
Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology
Authors: Grandi Nicole , Tramontano Enzo
Published: June 2017

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient infection relics constituting ~8% of our DNA. While HERVs’ genomic characterization is still ongoing, impressive amounts of data have been obtained regarding their general expression across tissues. Among HERVs, one of the most studied is the W group, which is the sole HERV group specifically mobilized by the long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) machinery, providing a source of novel insertions by retrotransposition of HERV-W processed pseudogenes, and comprising a member encoding a functional envelope protein coopted for human placentation. The HERV-W group has been intensively investigated for its putative role in several diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Despite major interest in the link between HERV-W expression and human pathogenesis, no conclusive correlation has been demonstrated so far. In general, (i) the absence of a proper identification of the specific HERV-W sequences expressed in a given condition, and (ii) the lack of studies attempting to connect the various observations in the same experimental conditions are the major problems preventing the definitive assessment of the HERV-W impact on human physiopathology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the HERV-W group presence within the human genome and its expression in physiological tissues as well as in the main pathological contexts.
LMP1 and Dynamic Progressive Telomere Dysfunction: A Major Culprit in EBV-Associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Knecht Hans , Mai Sabine
Published: June 2017

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in germinal-center-derived, mononuclear Hodgkin (H) and multinuclear, diagnostic Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells in classical EBV-positive Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL). LMP1 expression in EBV-negative H-cell lines results in a significantly increased number of RS cells. In a conditional, germinal-center-derived B-cell in vitro system, LMP1 reversibly down-regulates the shelterin proteins, telomeric repeat binding factor (TRF)1, TRF2, and protection of telomeres (POT)1. This down-regulation is associated with progressive 3D shelterin disruption, resulting in telomere dysfunction, progression of complex chromosomal rearrangements, and multinuclearity. TRF2 appears to be the key player. Thus, we hypothesize that the 3D interaction of telomeres and TRF2 is disrupted in H cells, and directly associated with the formation of H and RS cells. Using quantitative 3D co-immuno-TRF2-telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D TRF2/Telo-Q-FISH) applied to monolayers of primary H and RS cells, we demonstrate TRF2-telomere dysfunction in EBV-positive cHL. However, in EBV-negative cHL a second molecular mechanism characterized by massive up-regulation of TRF2, but attrition of telomere signals, is also identified. These facts point towards a shelterin-related pathogenesis of cHL, where two molecularly disparate mechanisms converge at the level of 3D Telomere–TRF2 interactions, leading to the formation of RS cells.
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Water Quantity and Quality in an Urban Watershed Using a Calibrated Stormwater Model
Authors: Alamdari Nasrin , Sample David , Steinberg Peter , Ross Andrew , Easton Zachary
Published: June 2017

Assessing climate change (CC) impacts on urban watersheds is difficult due to differences in model spatial and temporal scales, making prediction of hydrologic restoration a challenge. A methodology was developed using an autocalibration tool to calibrate a previously developed Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of Difficult Run in Fairfax, Virginia. Calibration was assisted by use of multi-objective optimization. Results showed a good agreement between simulated and observed data. Simulations of CC for the 2041–2068 period were developed using dynamically downscaled North American Regional CC Assessment Program models. Washoff loads were used to simulate water quality, and a method was developed to estimate treatment performed in stormwater control measures (SCMs) to assess water quality impacts from CC. CC simulations indicated that annual runoff volume would increase by 6.5%, while total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus would increase by 7.6%, 7.1%, and 8.1%, respectively. The simulations also indicated that within season variability would increase by a larger percentage. Treatment practices (e.g., bioswale) that were intended to mitigate the negative effects of urban development will need to deal with additional runoff volumes and nutrient loads from CC to achieve the required water quality goals.
Studying plant–pollinator interactions in a changing climate: A review of approaches
Authors: Byers Diane L.
Published: June 2017

Plant–pollinator interactions are potentially at risk due to climate change. Because of the spatial and temporal variation associated with the effects of climate change and the responses of both actors, research to assess this interaction requires creative approaches. This review focuses on assessments of plants’ and pollinators’ altered phenology in response to environmental changes, as phenology is one of the key responses. I reviewed research methods with the goal of presenting the wide diversity of available techniques for addressing changes in these interactions. Approaches ranged from use of historical specimens to multisite experimental community studies; while differing in depth of historical information and community interactions, all contribute to assessment of phenology changes. Particularly insightful were those studies that directly assessed the environmental changes across spatial and temporal scales and the responses of plants and pollinators at these scales. Longer‐term studies across environmental gradients, potentially with reciprocal transplants, enable an assessment of climate impacts at both scales. While changes in phenology are well studied, the impacts of phenology changes are not. Future research should include approaches to address this gap.
Physician "Out of Office" Alert: Does It Work?
Authors: Clemons Mark , Joy A. A. , Hilton J. , Arnaout A. , Brackstone M. , Wheatley-Price P. , Stober C. , Dinniwell R. , Mazzarello S. , da Costa M. , Hutton B.
Published: June 2017

The rapid expansion of electronic communication has aided in patient care, but it has also increased the amount of time that physicians spend reviewing and responding to e-mail messages. [...]
Les limites de la démocratie sexuelle
Authors: Mazaleigue-Labaste Julie
Published: June 2017

L’histoire des perversions, marquée par la requalification de l’homosexualité, montre que la sexualité obéit à des exigences libérales : la maîtrise de soi et des relations mutuellement consenties et gratifiantes. Les grands pervers sont donc sévèrement réprimés mais les petits pervers ont droit de cité.
L’un dans l’autre
Authors: Delmotte Benjamin
Published: June 2017

Le recours au consentement occupe une place centrale dans la lutte contre l’objectivation sexuelle. Toutefois, l’obligation d’un accord explicite méconnaît la dynamique de la séduction, faite de désirs incertains et de plaisirs indéfinis.
Les aventures de la chair
Authors: Andrieu Louis , Delecroix Vincent , Giraud Vincent , Memmi Dominique , Riquier Camille , Schlegel Jean-Louis , Fœssel Michaël
Published: June 2017

La chair serait-elle devenue triste après sa libération ? Suivre ses aventures depuis la conception chrétienne du péché jusqu’à la biopolitique contemporaine, en passant Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, le concile de Vatican II et Larry Clarke, permet d’identifier un refus actuel de la chair comme destin.
La microfinance, précurseur de la financiarisation de l’aide au développement ?
Authors: Doligez François
Published: June 2017

À partir de l'évolution du secteur de la microfinance dans les trois dernières décennies, l'article appréhende les caractéristiques de la financiarisation de la microfinance. L'analyse permet d'interroger l'articulation entre le secteur et les logiques de développement, ainsi que les risques propres au processus de financiarisation. En ouvrant la conclusion sur la perspective du secteur comme bien commun, l'article cherche à en tirer les enseignements pour la financiarisation de l'aide au développement.
Transitioning Communication Education to an Interactive Online Module Format
Authors: Williams Kristine , Abd-Hamid Nor Hashidah , Perkhounkova Yelena
Published: June 2017

Background:

The Changing Talk intervention improves nursing home staff communication by reducing elderspeak. To facilitate dissemination, interactive online modules were created, maintaining the original content. This article reports on the process of transitioning and the results of pilot testing the modules.

Method:

Interactive online modules were developed, pilot tested, and the evaluated in comparison to outcomes from the classroom format training.

Results:

Online participants (
N
= 9) demonstrated pre to posttest knowledge gain (scores improved from
M
= 82.4% to
M
= 91.2%). Rating of a staff–resident interaction showed improved recognition of elderspeak and person-centered communication after training. Online and original participants reported similar intentions to use learned skills and rated the program highly.

Conclusion:

Evidence-based interventions can be translated from traditional classroom to online format maintaining effects on increasing staff knowledge and intentions to use learned skills in practice. However, the modules should be tested in a larger and more representative sample.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(7):320–328.
Interprétations sociales des transferts de grandes lames polies en jades alpins dans l’Europe néolithique
Authors: Gauthier Estelle , Pétrequin Pierre
Published: June 2017

Le programme ANR JADE 2 est consacré à l’étude des longues haches et des anneaux-disques en jades alpins (jadéitites, omphacitites et éclogites à grain très fin) en Europe pendant les Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C. Tirés des gîtes des Alpes italiennes, les objets en jade ont circulé à travers toute l’Europe occidentale, sur des distances considérables atteignant 2 000 km à vol d’oiseau. Derrière l’apparente unité de ces réseaux de transfert, à partir de centres de production en Piémont, en Ligurie et en Emilie occidentale, se dessinent des modes de diffusion complexes, impliquant des sélections des matières premières et des transformations des objets. Un inventaire systématique et détaillé à l’échelle de toute l’Europe, exploité sous la forme d’analyses spatiales, permet à présent de détailler quelques mécanismes à l’origine de cet exceptionnel phénomène de transferts. L’image qui se dégage des répartitions et des contextes de dépôt est celle de sociétés fortement inégalitaires, où les élites contrôlaient la circulation des jades les plus valorisés pour l’affichage social et les rituels religieux. La multiplicité des réseaux de transferts, des phénomènes de sélection visant une augmentation de la valeur ajoutée, des réappropriations régionales des plus belles pièces afin d’en relancer la valeur idéelle, toutes ces particularités prouvent que les transferts des haches en jades alpins sont liés à des processus de diffusion particulièrement complexes, où les facteurs sociaux, politiques et culturels prenaient le pas sur les fonctionnements économiques.
Analyse technologique, étude de provenance et datation par le radiocarbone du dépôt de demi-produits ferreux de Durrenentzen (Haut-Rhin, France) : une vision renouvelée de l’économie du fer au premier âge du Fer
Authors: Berranger Marion , Bauvais Sylvain , Boukezzoula Mostepha , Leroy Stéphanie , Disser Alexandre , Vega Enrique , Aubert Michel , Dillmann Philippe , Fluzin Philippe
Published: June 2017

Durant les premiers temps de la métallurgie du fer en Europe occidentale, le type de demi-produit le plus répandu est de forme bipyramidée. Bien que plus d'un millier de pièces soit connu, leurs conditions de fabrication et de circulation et même leur datation restent mal appréhendées Une approche interdisciplinaire a ainsi été appliquée au dépôt de demi-produits bipyramidés de Durrenentzen (Haut-Rhin), le troisième en Europe par son importance numérique, afin de reconstituer le contexte technologique, social et économique qui a conduit à son abandon. L’étude morphométrique des cinquante-et-un bipyramidés révèle une grande homogénéité globale du lot malgré des variations de détail. Quatre objets ont été sélectionnés pour études archéométriques. Les analyses métallographiques mettent en évidence des différences internes significatives en ce qui concerne la qualité des matériaux, la nature de l’alliage et les techniques de fabrication. Les analyses chimiques révèlent également des signatures différenciées. Enfin, des analyses radiocarbones réalisées sur le carbone contenu dans les aciers permettent de rattacher ce lot au premier âge du Fer. Les résultats de l’étude de ce dépôt exceptionnel permettent ainsi d’implanter le premier jalon d’une analyse plus générale modifiant significativement la perception de l’économie du fer au premier âge de Fer.
Determination of the chemical composition of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (Bulgaria) using PIXE/PIGE and LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Lyubomirova Valentina , Šmit Žiga , Fajfar Helena , Kuleff Ivelin
Published: June 2017

Fifteen samples of medieval glazed pottery from
Drastar (present day Silistra), Bulgaria, dated between 10th and 18th centuries AD were
studied. The element concentration of the glazes was determined by
Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Proton Induced Gamma Emission
(PIGE) analysis. The composition of the clay bodies was studied by
Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
(LA-ICP-MS) after pelletization of the powdered clay. In addition,
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(SEM-EDX) was used for characterization of the clay bodies.After
subtraction of the PbO and CuO content, the comparison between the
compositions of the clay bodies and the glazes revealed that both the
calcareous and the non-calcareous samples were glazed using lead oxide
by itself followed by firing in oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore, it
was shown that iron, copper and manganese oxides were used to achieve
the desired colors.
Mise en évidence de cinq ateliers inédits d’amphores gauloises dans la région d’Arles
Authors: Bigot Fabrice , Corbeel Séverine , Schmitt Anne
Published: June 2017

Les recherches archéologiques et les analyses
physico-chimiques conduites sur les amphores gauloises ces trente
dernières années ont démontré le rôle important d’Arles et de la basse
vallée du Rhône dans le commerce des amphores vinaires de Narbonnaise
durant le Haut-Empire. De plus, plusieurs indices archéologiques
(concentration d’amphores, terres cuites architecturales surcuites…)
permettent de supposer l’existence d’un atelier péri-urbain dans cette
agglomération portuaire, bien qu’aucun four n’ait encore été fouillé.
Pour tester cette hypothèse, 76 amphores, issues des dépotoirs du
Rhône et urbains, ont été analysées par fluorescence X. Puis, leur
composition chimique a été comparée à celle des ateliers de
Narbonnaise, étudiés au laboratoire de céramologie de Lyon (UMR5138,
ARAR). Les résultats ont mis en évidence la possibilité de l’existence
de cinq nouveaux ateliers localisés à Arles et/ou dans sa région. Ces
derniers ont produits des amphores Gauloise 4 et Gauloise 5 entre la
fin du ier siècle
apr. J.-C. et le iiie siècle apr. J.-C.
Les agents immobiliers
Authors: Bonneval Loïc
Published: June 2017

Alors que plus de la moitié des ménages français sont propriétaires de leur logement, on sait encore peu de choses sur la manière dont se construisent les choix des différents acteurs concernés. Quel est le rôle de l'agent immobilier dans le rapprochement des vendeurs et des acheteurs ? Quel est son degré d'implication dans l'attribution d'un prix à un logement ? Comment le marché immobilier participe-t-il au façonnement des villes et aux processus de peuplement ?

L'auteur aborde ces questions sous un angle original et novateur. Car bien que jouant un rôle central, la profession d'agent immobilier n'avait encore jamais fait l'objet d'une étude sociologique jusqu'à ce jour. S'appuyant notamment sur le cas de l'agglomération lyonnaise entre 1990 et 2006, l'auteur nous propose un ouvrage au croisement de la sociologie urbaine et de la sociologie économique.

Illustration de couverture : Fontana Franco, Urban Landscape, Los Angeles, 1991 © galerie Baudoin Lebon
Validation de l’échelle d’autonomie-situnomie pour les étudiant.e.s de licence et vécu subjectif de décrochage universitaire
Authors: Vinciguerra Antony , Soulas Emmanuelle , Cornu-Bernot Laurence , Courtois Robert
Published: June 2017

Auzoult (2008, 2010) a poursuivi les travaux de Greenberger (Greenberger, 1984 ; Greenberger, Josselson, Knerr, & Knerr, 1975) et Deslandes, Potvin et Leclerc (1999 ; 2000) sur l’autonomie et la maturation psychosociale. Il a proposé une échelle d’autonomie-situnomie pour des élèves du second degré. Cette étude a pour objectif de la valider auprès d’étudiant.e.s et de déterminer les liens entre autonomie et vécu subjectif de décrochage à l’université. Les participant.e.s étaient représenté.e.s par 326 étudiant.e.s de filières académiques différentes (âge moyen = 21.44 ± 2.89, dont 69 % de femmes). Les résultats montrent que l’échelle d’autonomie-situnomie est adaptée aux étudiant.e.s et éclaire les liens entre autonomie et vécu subjectif de décrochage.
Intégrer la réflexion sur l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle dans son quotidien : présentation de PAZAP, un dispositif novateur fondé sur le numérique et la démarche participative et expérientielle
Authors: Chauvet Céline , Jeoffrion Christine
Published: June 2017

Dans un contexte d’orientation tout au long de la vie, il est devenu essentiel de disposer d’outils pour aider les personnes à penser leurs transitions de carrières et imaginer des trajectoires professionnelles alternatives. Les outils numériques constituent une modalité à la fois attractive et facile à mettre en œuvre pour inventorier ses goûts, préciser ses attentes pour un métier ou encore établir des contacts avec des professionnel.le.s. Cet article présente une solution technique innovante, l’application PAZAP 1, qui, en utilisant les fonctionnalités collaboratives du Web 2.0, va permettre à l’utilisateur.rice de confronter ses représentations spontanées des métiers à celles des professionnel.le.s qui exercent ces métiers, voire d’en découvrir d’autres dont il.elle ne soupçonnait peut-être même pas l’existence. De manière originale, cette expérience d’orientation en autonomie via une interface numérique peut se prolonger par des échanges en distanciel mais aussi par des rencontres dans la vie réelle avec des professionnel.le.s. Autre atout de PAZAP, l’application est conçue pour se développer en exploitant les principes du data mining et de la « diffusion virale ».
Medical Humanities: Some Uses and Problems
Authors: Downie R
Published: June 2017

The arts and humanities were allowed into the British medical curriculum in 1993 when the General Medical Council re-structured it in a paper entitled ‘Tomorrow's Doctors'. Since then many medical schools have developed humanities modules and the broad term ‘medical humanities’ refers to these. They can contribute to medical education in at least three ways: as a supplement to what is already in the curriculum, especially for ethics and communication; as an outside critique of medical practice; and to personal and professional development. Nevertheless, there are practical problems concerning appropriate teachers and methods of assessment. Moreover, the dominant interest is now academic research rather than education.
Safety and Efficacy of Self-Expandable Metal Stents for Obstructive Proximal and Distal Large Bowel Cancer
Authors: Mitra V , Hu M , Majumdar D , Krishnan V , Chaudhury B , Hancock J , Dwarakanath D
Published: June 2017

Self-expandable metal stents are often used to treat obstructive large bowel cancers. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of colonic stent insertion carried out in a district general hospital.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out between 1 January 2007 and 28 February 2014 to identify patients who underwent stent insertion for malignant colorectal obstruction.

Results

Seventy-five patients (median age 75.2 years, 70.6% male) with primary colorectal cancer underwent stent insertion - 53 underwent semi-elective self-expanded metal stent insertion (for subacute bowel obstruction) and 22 had emergency stent inserted (for acute bowel obstruction). The majority (88%) had self-expanded metal stents inserted for palliation. Technical and clinical success rates were 98.7% and 91.2%, respectively. One patient had stent-related perforation; there was no procedure-related mortality.

Conclusion

This study shows that self-expanded metal stent insertion in malignant colorectal obstruction is safe and effective and can be successfully delivered in a district general hospital with high technical and clinical success rates.
Respiratory Dysfunction in Parkinson'S Disease
Authors: Torsney KM , Forsyth D
Published: June 2017

Respiratory dysfunction has been associated with Parkinson's disease since it was first described in 1817. The respiratory symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease patients vary greatly. Most patients remain asymptomatic, whereas others present with acute shortness of breath and even stridor.

In August 2016, an electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Results were screened and studies reporting on respiratory dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease were included.

Respiratory dysfunction is due to a combination of factors including restrictive changes, upper airway obstruction, abnormal ventilatory drive and response to medications.

Much debate surrounds the mechanism underlying respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, its prevalence and the effect of levodopa on respiration. It is clear from this review that larger studies, comparing patients of similar disease duration and severity using the same pulmonary function parameters, are required to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Isolated Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy -Performance of Ebus-Tbna in Clinical Practice
Authors: Velu PP , Reid PA , Wallace WA , Skwarski KM
Published: June 2017

Background

Isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy is an increasingly common finding as a result of the increasing use of cross-sectional thoracic imaging. We investigated the performance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle-aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in establishing a pathological diagnosis in patients with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed all consecutive EBUS-TBNA examinations performed over a 4-year period at a single tertiary referral centre. Final diagnoses were made using pathology reports, correlated with clinical features and the results of any other investigations.

Results

In total, 126 EBUS-TBNA examinations were performed to investigate isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A positive pathological diagnosis was made following EBUS-TBNA in 54 cases (43%). When the results of further investigations and variable radiological follow up were included, the final sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA for making a diagnosis in isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy was 80% (95% CI 69%-89%).

Conclusions

This study confirms that EBUS-TBNA has acceptable sensitivity for detecting both benign and malignant pathologies underlying isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Acute Pulmonary Oedema: Not Always Cardiogenic
Authors: Bonello M , Pullicino R , Lamer AJ
Published: June 2017

A patient presented with fulminant pulmonary oedema and required acute intubation and ventilation. There was no history of a prior cardiac disorder. As he was weaned from sedation, following stabilisation of his pulmonary status, neurological signs suggestive of brainstem dysfunction became apparent. Investigations showed infarcts in the posterior cerebral circulation secondary to a vertebral artery dissection. Neurogenic pulmonary oedema needs to be considered in any patient with fulminant pulmonary oedema without overt evidence or history of cardiac disease.
Effect of a National Focused Course on Academic Medicine for Uk Candidates Applying for a Clinical Academic Programme
Authors: Khajuria A , Cheng K , Levy J
Published: June 2017

Background

Academic medicine is crucial for healthcare advancement. However, recruitment of junior doctors into academia remains an area of concern globally. In the UK, a national integrated clinical academic pathway was developed to address these issues, with the Academic Foundation Programme as the 'first opportunity for research'. We aimed to evaluate whether a focused course on academic medicine could enhance knowledge, confidence and preparedness of candidates wishing to apply for an academic programme.

Methods

UK medical students attended a national course conducted by current UK Academic Foundation Programme doctors that comprised lectures on academic medicine and various aspects of the Academic Foundation Programme. An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted with participants rating measures including knowledge, preparedness and confidence related to Academic Foundation Programme applications. Outcomes were measured using Likert scales (1=low; 5=high).

Results

In total, 103 out of 155 attendees from 11 different UK medical schools responded to the survey (66% response rate). Pre and post-course data showed increase in participants’ knowledge (median score 2 vs 4, p < 0.0001), understanding of the application process (median score 2 vs 4, p < 0.0001), confidence (median score 2 vs 4, p < 0.0001) and preparedness (median score 2 vs 4, p < 0.0001) in applying for the Academic Foundation Programme.

Conclusion

To our knowledge this is the first study in the available literature that demonstrates a focused course on academic medicine may enhance UK medical students’ knowledge, confidence and preparedness in applying for a clinical academic programme. Further research will ascertain whether such courses can augment trainee numbers undertaking and remaining within academic medicine.
The CHRONOS mission: Capability for sub-hourly synoptic observations of carbon monoxide and methane to quantify emissions and transport of air pollution
Authors: Edwards David P. , Worden Helen M. , Neil Doreen , Francis Gene , Valle Tim , Arellano Jr. Avelino F.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The CHRONOS space mission concept provides time-resolved abundance for emissions and transport studies of the highly variable and highly uncertain air pollutants carbon monoxide and methane, with sub-hourly revisit rate at fine (~ 4 km) horizontal spatial resolution across a North American domain. CHRONOS can provide complete synoptic air pollution maps (snapshots) of the continental domain with fewer than 10 minutes of observations. This rapid mapping enables visualization of air pollution transport simultaneously across the entire continent and enables a sentinel-like capability for monitoring evolving, or unanticipated, air pollution sources in multiple locations at the same time with high temporal resolution. CHRONOS uses a compact imaging gas filter correlation radiometer for these observations, with heritage from more than 17 years of scientific data and algorithm advances by the science teams for the MOPITT instrument on NASA's Terra spacecraft in low Earth orbit. To achieve continental-scale sub-hourly sampling, the CHRONOS mission would be conducted from geostationary orbit, with the instrument hosted on a communications or meteorological platform. CHRONOS observations would contribute to an integrated observing system for atmospheric composition using surface, suborbital and satellite data with atmospheric chemistry models, as defined by the Committee on Earth Observing Satellites. Addressing the U.S. National Academy's 2007 Decadal Survey direction to characterize diurnal changes in tropospheric composition, CHRONOS observations would find direct societal applications for air quality management and forecasting to protect public health.
Intensity of geodynamic processes in the Lithuanian part of the Curonian Spit
Authors: Česnulevičius Algimantas , Morkūnaitė Regina , Bautrėnas Artūras , Bevainis Linas , Ovodas Donatas
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The paper considers conditions and intensity of aeolian and dune slope transformation processes occurring in the wind-blown sand strips of the dunes of the Curonian Spit. An assessment of the intensity of aeolian processes was made based on the analysis of climatic factors and in situ observations. Transformations in aeolian relief forms were investigated based on the comparison of geodetic measurements and measurements of aerial photographs. Changes in micro-terraces of dune slopes were investigated through comparison of the results of repeated levelling and measurements of aerial photographs. The periods of weak, medium, and strong winds were distinguished, and sand moisture fluctuations affecting the beginning of aeolian processes were investigated. The wind-blown sand movements were found to start when sand moisture decreased by 2 % in the surface sand layer and by up to 5 % at a depth of 10 cm. In 2004–2016, the wind-blown sand movements affected the size of reference deflation relief forms: scarp length by 8 %, scarp width by 35 %, pothole length by 80 %, pothole width by 80 %, roll length by 17 %, roll width by 18 %, hollow length by 17 %, and hollow width by 39 %. The elementary relief forms in the leeward eastern slopes of the dunes experienced the strongest transformations. During a period of 5 months, the height of micro-terraces of the eastern slope of the Parnidis Dune changed from 0.05 to 0.64 cm. The change was related to fluctuations in precipitation intensity: in July–August 2016 the amount of precipitation increased 1.6-fold compared with the multiannual average, thus causing the change in the position of terrace ledges by 21 %.
Skill and independence weighting for multi-model assessments
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin M. , Wehner Michael , Knutti Reto
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We present a weighting strategy for use with the CMIP5 multi-model archive in the fourth National Climate Assessment, which considers both skill in the climatological performance of models over North America as well as the inter-dependency of models arising from common parameterizations or tuning practices. The method exploits information relating to the climatological mean state of a number of projection-relevant variables as well as metrics representing long-term statistics of weather extremes. The weights, once computed can be used to simply compute weighted means and significance information from an ensemble containing multiple initial condition members from potentially co-dependent models of varying skill. Two parameters in the algorithm determine the degree to which model climatological skill and model uniqueness are rewarded; these parameters are explored and final values are defended for the assessment. The influence of model weighting on projected temperature and precipitation changes is found to be moderate, partly due to a compensating effect between model skill and uniqueness. However, more aggressive skill weighting and weighting by targeted metrics is found to have a more significant effect on inferred ensemble confidence in future patterns of change for a given projection.
Rainfall and streamflow sensor network design: a review of applications, classification, and a proposed framework
Authors: Chacon-Hurtado Juan C. , Alfonso Leonardo , Solomatine Dimitri P.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Sensors and sensor networks play an important role in decision-making related to water quality, operational streamflow forecasting, flood early warning systems, and other areas. In this paper we review a number of existing applications and analyse a variety of evaluation and design procedures for sensor networks with respect to various criteria. Most of the existing approaches focus on maximising the observability and information content of a variable of interest. From the context of hydrological modelling only a few studies use the performance of the hydrological simulation in terms of output discharge as a design criterion. In addition to the review, we propose a framework for classifying the existing design methods, and a generalised procedure for an optimal network design in the context of rainfall–runoff hydrological modelling.