bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous lipase administration alters gut microbiota composition and ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Menden Ariane , Hall Davane , Hahn-Townsend Coral , Broedlow Courtney A. , Joshi Utsav , Pearson Andrew , Crawford Fiona , Evans James E. , Klatt Nichole , Crynen Stefan , Mullan Michael , Ait-Ghezala Ghania
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly with no available disease modifying treatments. Altered gut microbial composition has been widely acknowledged as a common feature of AD, which potentially contributes to progression or onset of AD. To assess the hypothesis that Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), which has been shown to enhance gut microbiome and metabolite composition, can rebalance the gut microbiome composition and reduce AD pathology, the treatment effects in APPswe/PS1de9 (APP/PS1) mice were investigated. The analysis revealed an increased abundance of Acetatifactor and Clostridiales vadin BB60 genera in the gut; increased lipid hydrolysis in the gut lumen, normalization of peripheral unsaturated fatty acids, and reduction of neuroinflammation and memory deficits post treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that the evoked benefits on memory could be transferred via fecal matter transplant (FMT) into antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted (AIMD) wildtype mice, ameliorating their memory deficits. The findings herein contributed to improve our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in AD’s complex networks and suggested that targeted modification of the gut could contribute to amelioration of AD neuropathology.
Paraquat toxicity in different cell types of Swiss albino mice
Authors: Onur Bilal , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçin Emine , Acar Ali
Published: March 2022

In this study, toxicity caused by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w doses of Paraquat herbicide in Swiss albino mice was investigated. Body weight, liver and kidney organ weights, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and kidney, micronucleus (MN) formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells, viability of liver and kidney cells were investigated. Four groups were randomly formed from male Swiss albino mice (one control and three treatment groups). The control group mice were provided tap water and the mice in the treatment groups were treated orally with three different doses of Paraquat (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) in the drinking water for 28 days. At the end of the application, all mice were sacrificed and routine preparation procedures were carried out to examine physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters. Paraquat administration decreased physiological parameters (body, liver and kidney organ weights), and increased biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine and MDA). GSH levels were decreased depending on the dose. Kidney and liver damage were confirmed by the trypan blue test. Paraquat administration promoted MN formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells depending on the dose. The highest MN frequency was observed in leukocyte cells exposed to a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w of Paraquat. Deteriorations in DNA integrity as a result of MN formations were supported by the comet assay. In addition, Paraquat promoted CAs such as break, fragment, acentric, dicentric, gap and ring in bone marrow cells. Break damage was the most common among these damages. These observed genotoxic effects occured as a result of the interaction of DNA and DNA-related proteins with Paraquat. Molecular docking studies showed that Paraquat binds to histone H4 protein with high affinity and has a high intercalation potential. As a result, Paraquat herbicide caused a significant toxicity by changing physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters of Swiss albino mice depending on the application dose.
Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) positive gastric cancer
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiko , Lee Hyun Seok , Nam Su Youn , Katoh Hiroto , Ishibashi Yuko , Yamagata Murayama Somay , Matsui Hidenori , Masuda Hiroki , Rimbara Emiko , Sakurazawa Nobuyuki , Suzuki Hideyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Seto Yasuyuki , Ishikawa Shumpei , Jeon Seong Woo , Nakamura Masahiko , Nomura Sachiyo
Published: March 2022

Genetic analysis and culturing techniques for gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are progressing. NHPH is reported to accompany nodular gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma, and mild gastritis. However, only a few gastric cancer cases infected by NHPH have been reported. PCR analysis specific for NHPH and H. pylori was performed for DNA from gastric mucosa of 282 Korean gastric cancer patients, who were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. For more precise strain detection of NHPH, NHPH-positive mucosa was stained by immunohistochemistry specific for Helicobacter suis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification was analyzed for these 3 gastric cancer sub-groups by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Among 281 patients, 3 patients (1.1%) were positive for NHPH. One patient (Patient 1) was also positive for H. pylori by PCR, another patient (Patient 3) was positive for serum IgG for H. pylori, and the other patient (Patient 2) had no evidence for H. pylori infection. Gastric mucosa of Patients 2 and 3 were positive for H. suis staining. All three NHPH-positive gastric cancers were located in the antrum, and belonged to the Chromosomal Instability Type of TCGA classification. Gastric NHPH can be a cause of gastric cancer, although likely with lower pathogenesis than H. pylori.
Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice
Authors: Emre Ceren , Arroyo-García Luis E. , Do Khanh V. , Jun Bokkyoo , Ohshima Makiko , Alcalde Silvia Gómez , Cothern Megan L. , Maioli Silvia , Nilsson Per , Hjorth Erik , Fisahn André , Bazan Nicolas G. , Schultzberg Marianne
Published: March 2022

Sustained microglial activation and increased pro-inflammatory signalling cause chronic inflammation and neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resolution of inflammation follows neutralization of pathogens and is a response to limit damage and promote healing, mediated by pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs). Since resolution is impaired in AD brains, we decided to test if intranasal administration of pro-resolving LMs in the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model for AD could resolve inflammation and ameliorate pathology in the brain. A mixture of the pro-resolving LMs resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, RvD2, maresin 1 (MaR1) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) was administered to stimulate their respective receptors. We examined amyloid load, cognition, neuronal network oscillations, glial activation and inflammatory factors. The treatment ameliorated memory deficits accompanied by a restoration of gamma oscillation deficits, together with a dramatic decrease in microglial activation. These findings open potential avenues for therapeutic exploration of pro-resolving LMs in AD, using a non-invasive route.
Synthetic and biosynthetic routes to nitrogen–nitrogen bonds
Authors: He Hai-Yan , Niikura Haruka , Du Yi-Ling , Ryan Katherine S.
Published: March 2022

The nitrogen–nitrogen bond is a core feature of diverse functional groups like hydrazines, nitrosamines, diazos, and pyrazoles.
The heterogeneous nucleation of pimelic acid under the effect of a template: experimental research and molecular simulation
Authors: Yang Peng , Rosbottom Ian , Li Zhonghua , Verma Vivek , Wu Songgu , Gong Junbo , Heng Jerry Y. Y.
Published: March 2022

The nucleation experiments of pimelic acid were investigated in the absence and presence of a template.
Preparation of double-layered nanosheets containing pH-responsive polymer networks in the interlayers and their conversion into single-layered nanosheets through the cleavage of cross-linking points
Authors: Kamibe Takuma , Guégan Régis , Kunitake Masashi , Tsukahara Takehiko , Idota Naokazu , Sugahara Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2022

A dynamic structural change of double-layered nanosheets containing pH-degradable polymer networks between two layers to single-layered nanosheets was achieved.
Data-driven design of novel halide perovskite alloys
Authors: Mannodi-Kanakkithodi Arun , Chan Maria K. Y.
Published: March 2022

High-throughput screening based on a DFT+ML framework enables identification of novel halide perovskite alloys for solar cell absorption.
A design approach to eliminate the toxic effect of insecticides to ensure human safety
Authors: He Bin , Chang Pengbing , Zhang Sufeng , Zhu Xing
Published: March 2022

The research aims to eliminate the toxic effect of insecticides to humans, which has significant environmental implications for insecticide application in agriculture.
Single molecule iSCAT imaging reveals a fast, energy efficient search mode for the DNA repair protein UvrA
Authors: Charman Robert J. , Kad Neil M.
Published: March 2022

Rapid interactions of single UvrA-Qdot complexes can be detected binding to DNA affixed to a surface using iSCAT imaging.
Tuning the drug multimodal release through a co-assembly strategy based on magnetic gels
Authors: Veloso Sérgio R. S. , Tiryaki Ecem , Spuch Carlos , Hilliou Loic , Amorim C. O. , Amaral V. S. , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Ferreira Paula M. T. , Salgueiriño Verónica , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S.
Published: March 2022

Co-assembly of (di)phenylalanine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and liposomes with supramolecular peptide-based hydrogels for tunability of gel's properties, and modulation of both passive and active doxorubicin release.
Defective 2D silicon phosphide monolayers for the nitrogen reduction reaction: a DFT study
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Wang Tianyi , Liu Haikun , Qiu Siyao , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yongjun , Langford Steven J. , Sun Chenghua
Published: March 2022

2D SiP with P-defects as a metal-free catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity towards the electrochemical NRR.
Effective band selection of hyperspectral image by an attention mechanism-based convolutional network
Authors: Zheng Zengwei , Liu Yi , He Mengzhu , Chen Dan , Sun Lin , Zhu Fengle
Published: March 2022

An attention mechanism-based 3D-CNN network was proposed to select the effective bands of hyperspectral images while carrying out the model training.
Fluorescent sensing platform based on green luminescence carbon dots and AuNPs for clenbuterol detection in pork liver
Authors: Guo Ying , Zheng Min Yan , Zhang Wei , Hu Dao Dao
Published: March 2022

Carbon dots (G-CDs) with bright green fluorescence are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment ofp-phenylenediamine and glutathione. Employing the G-CDs and AuNPs as sensing platform, a simple fluorescence sensor to detect clenbuterol was established.
Bakuchiol – a natural meroterpenoid: structure, isolation, synthesis and functionalization approaches
Authors: Adarsh Krishna T. P. , Edachery Baldev , Athalathil Sunil
Published: March 2022

The isolation methods, various chemical routes and late-stage functionalization approaches and structure–activity relationships of bakuchiol – a meroterpene class of natural product has been discussed in detail.
Pressure and temperature dependence of fluorescence anisotropy of green fluorescent protein
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Nguyen Khanh , Kumar Pradeep
Published: March 2022

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the steady state fluorescence anisotropy of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP).
MnO2 nanosheets as a carrier and accelerator for improved live-cell biosensing application of CRISPR/Cas12a
Authors: Wang Dong-Xia , Wang Ya-Xin , Wang Jing , Ma Jia-Yi , Liu Bo , Tang An-Na , Kong De-Ming
Published: March 2022

Herein, we demonstrate that MnO2 nanosheets are an excellent carrier of CRISPR/Cas12a due to the two important roles played by them.
Rapid and label-free detection of aflatoxin B1 using a rationally truncated aptamer and via circular dichroism measurement
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Kexiao , Shi Pengfei , Ding Xilai , Zhang Shusheng
Published: March 2022

Rationally truncating aptamer enhances sensitivity of an aptamer assay for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) via circular dichroism measurement.
Electrocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol over Ni-MOF/NF: understanding the self-enrichment effect of H-bonds
Authors: Zhao Huaiquan , Pang Xuliang , Huang Yifei , Bai Yajie , Ding Jinrui , Bai Hongye , Fan Weiqiang
Published: March 2022

The coordinated water molecules of Ni-MOF could form H-bonds with the substrate, which promoted the self-enrichment of 4-NP.
Redox-active alkylsulfones as precursors for alkyl radicals under photoredox catalysis
Authors: Patel Sandeep , Paul Biprajit , Paul Hrishikesh , Shankhdhar Rajat , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: March 2022

Visible-light photoredox catalytic method for the generation of alkyl radicals using redox-active alkylsulfones to form a new C–C bond is reported.
Green-light-responsive metal–organic frameworks for colorectal cancer treatment
Authors: Cornell Hannah D. , Zhu Yumeng , Ilic Stefan , Lidman Naomei E. , Yang Xiaozhou , Matson John B. , Morris Amanda J.
Published: March 2022

A novel green-light-responsive nanoMOF with low toxicity was developed as a drug delivery system. Our material demonstrates photo-controlled degradation, drug release, and cancer cell cytotoxicity.
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate by in situ generated cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Ghosh Moumita , Ibrar Maha , Smith Jeremy M.
Published: March 2022

Electrodeposited cobalt nanoparticles are active for nitrate reduction.
Topological transformations in metal–organic frameworks: a prospective design route?
Authors: Alexandrov Eugeny V. , Yang Yumin , Liang Lili , Wang Junjie , Blatov Vladislav A.
Published: March 2022

We apply a topological approach based on the underlying net and transformation pattern concepts as well as on the ‘supernet–subnet’ formalism to uncover mechanisms of solid-state transformations in coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks.
Exploring a novel two-dimensional metallic Y4C3 sheet applied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Yuzhu , Qin Haifei , Kong Panlong , Chen Jiao , Cai Xinyong , Chen Yuanzheng
Published: March 2022

Identified a novel two-dimensional metallic Y4C3 sheet applied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
The cobalt oxidation state in preferential CO oxidation on CoOx/Pt(111) investigated by operando X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Rattigan Eoghan , Sun Zhaozong , Gallo Tamires , Nino Miguel Angel , Parreiras Sofia de Oliveira , Martín-Fuentes Cristina , Martin-Romano Juan Carlos , Écija David , Escudero Carlos , Villar Ignacio , Rodríguez-Fernández Jonathan , Lauritsen Jeppe V.
Published: March 2022

Ambient pressure XPS study of cobalt oxide on Pt(111) catalysts links Co oxidation state with activity in preferential CO oxidation.
Vibrational mode-specific dynamics of the F− + CH3CH2Cl multi-channel reaction
Authors: Tajti Viktor , Czakó Gábor
Published: March 2022

Quasi-classical trajectory computations on a high-level analytical potential energy surface reveal the mode-specific dynamics of the F− + CH3CH2Cl reaction.
Violations to the principle of least motion: the shortest path is not always the fastest
Authors: Reis Marta Castiñeira , Alajarin Mateo , Marin-Luna Marta
Published: March 2022

The shortest reaction path is not always that of lowest activation energy.
Insights from computational analysis: how does the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant hijack ACE2 more effectively?
Authors: Xiong Danyang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Luo Song , Duan Lili
Published: March 2022

The Delta variant could enhance the electrostatic interaction with ACE2 by introducing two positively charged residues. And under the dominance of T478K mutation, RBM’s loops have a tighter conformation to enhance the grasp effect on the ACE2.
Magnetic interaction of photoexcited terbium–porphyrin complexes with non-aromatic ligands having different symmetries
Authors: Adi Langit Cahya , Santria Anas , Ishikawa Naoto
Published: March 2022

Does changing the coordinating atom have any impact on the J–L interaction?
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics driven by photoinduced charge transfer in CsCoFe Prussian blue analogue nanocrystals
Authors: Zerdane S. , Hervé M. , Mazerat S. , Catala L. , Alonso-Mori R. , Glownia J. M. , Song S. , Levantino M. , Mallah T. , Cammarata M. , Collet E.
Published: March 2022

Ultrafast optical and X-ray spectroscopies reveal the multiscale out-of-equilibrium dynamics in photoexcited CsCoFe Prussian blue analogue nanocrystals; from local charge-transfer to macroscopic crystal breathing.
Ultrashort and metastable doping of the ZnO surface by photoexcited defects
Authors: Gierster Lukas , Vempati Sesha , Stähler Julia
Published: March 2022

We show exemplarily for the ZnO surface that photoexcited deep defects act like chemically doped shallow donors in semiconductors. Sufficiently strong “photodoping” makes ZnO a transient metal with influenceable ultrashort to metastable lifetimes.
Hesperidin protects against cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice by regulating the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Jia Yuxin , Guo Hui , Cheng Xizhen , Zhang Yuling , Si Mingdong , Shi Jing , Ma Donglai
Published: March 2022

Hesperidin may be a potential strategy to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis by regulating the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in attenuating cardiotoxicity induced by cisplatin.
Configurable direction sensitivity of skin-mounted microfluidic strain sensor with auxetic metamaterial
Authors: Mao Linna , Pan Taisong , Ke Yizhen , Yan Zhuocheng , Huang Sirong , Guo Dengji , Gao Neng , Huang Wen , Yao Guang , Gao Min , Lin Yuan
Published: March 2022

A core–shell package design with auxetic metamaterial (AM) is proposed to configure the sensing performance of microfluidic strain sensor. By changing the structural design of AM, the sensor's directional sensitivity is effectively regulated.
Two-dimensional ferroelectric MoS2/Ga2O3 heterogeneous bilayers with highly tunable photocatalytic and electrical properties
Authors: Chen Haohao , Zhao Junlei , Wang Xinyu , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Zhaofu , Hua Mengyuan
Published: March 2022

MoS2/Ga2O3 heterostructures with strong intrinsic ferroelectrics are highly promising for novel devices with designed electronic properties.
Fast and efficient electrochemical thinning of ultra-large supported and free-standing MoS2 layers on gold surfaces
Authors: de Freitas Nicolli , Florindo Bianca R. , Freitas Vitória M. S. , Piazzetta Maria H. de O. , Ospina Carlos A. , Bettini Jefferson , Strauss Mathias , Leite Edson R. , Gobbi Angelo L. , Lima Renato S. , Santhiago Murilo
Published: March 2022

The same electrochemical process drives the preparation of supported and free-standing molybdenum disulfide monolayers.
Cu2O nanoparticle-catalyzed tandem reactions for the synthesis of robust polybenzoxazole
Authors: Guan Huanqin , Shen Mengqi , Harris Cooro , Lin Honghong , Wei Kecheng , Morales Michael , Bronowich Noah , Sun Shouheng
Published: March 2022

Cu2O nanoparticles show high catalytic activity in tandem reactions of PBO synthesis via green chemistry. The as-prepared PBO is much more robust than the commercial PBO against hydrolysis and can be used in various thermo-mechanical application.
Synthesis of acyloxy-2H-azirine and sulfonyloxy-2H-azirine derivatives via a one-pot reaction of β-enamino esters, PIDA and carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid
Authors: Tang Pan , Wen Long , Ma Hao-Jie , Yang Yi , Jiang Yan
Published: March 2022

PIDA mediated oxidative acyloxylation/azirination and sulfonyloxylation/azirination of β-enamino esters were investigated.
Dynamic covalent polymer networks with mechanical and mechanoresponsive properties reinforced by strong hydrogen bonding
Authors: Gao Wenli , Tang Rui , Bai Minghao , Yu Hengzhe , Ruan Yonghong , Zheng Jinli , Chen Yinjun , Weng Wengui
Published: March 2022

Mechanoresponsive dynamic covalent networks were designed and synthesized by embedding radical mechanophores into the polymer backbone as crosslinkers. The mechanical properties and mechanoresponsiveness of the polymers were reinforced by hydrogen bonds.
Atomic bridging modulation of Ir–N, S co-doped MXene for accelerating hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lin Wujun , Lu Ying-Rui , Peng Wei , Luo Min , Chan Ting-Shan , Tan Yongwen
Published: March 2022

A novel catalyst consisting of Ir single atoms confined in porous N, S co-doped Ti3C2Tx is successfully constructed through a gelation-and-pyrolysis method, which shows remarkable catalytic activity towards the HER in acidic and basic electrolytes.
Construction of a dephosphorylation-mediated chemiluminescent biosensor for multiplexed detection of DNA glycosylases in cancer cells
Authors: Liu Ming-Hao , Wang Chuan-Rui , Liu Wen-Jing , Tian Xiao-rui , Xu Qinfeng , Zhang Chun-Yang
Published: March 2022

We develop a dephosphorylation-mediated chemiluminescent biosensor for multiplexed detection of DNA glycosylases in cancer cells.
Wafer-sized polycrystalline diamond photodetector planar arrays for solar-blind imaging
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Feng , Lin Chao-Nan , Yang Xun , Zang Jin-Hao , Li Kai-Yong , Lu Ya-Cong , Li Yi-Zhe , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin
Published: March 2022

A high-quality 2-inch polycrystalline diamond was prepared by MPCVD technique. Photodetector planar arrays were then fabricated from the polycrystalline diamond. Clear solar-blind images have been obtained using the arrays as the sensing unit.
Stop CRYing! Inhibition of cryptochrome function by small proteins
Authors: Kruusvee Valdeko , Toft Arendse Maria , Aguida Blanche , Ahmad Margaret , Wenkel Stephan
Published: March 2022

Plants can detect the presence of light using specialised photoreceptor proteins. These photoreceptors measure the intensity of light, but they can also respond to different spectra of light and thus ‘see' different colours. Cryptochromes, which are also present in animals, are flavin-based photoreceptors that enable plants to detect blue and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light. In Arabidopsis, there are two cryptochromes, CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) and CRYPTOCHROME 2 (CRY2) with known sensory roles. They function in various processes such as blue-light mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, photoperiodic promotion of floral initiation, cotyledon expansion, anthocyanin production, and magnetoreception, to name a few. In the dark, the cryptochromes are in an inactive monomeric state and undergo photochemical and conformational change in response to illumination. This results in flavin reduction, oligomerisation, and the formation of the ‘cryptochrome complexome'. Mechanisms of cryptochrome activation and signalling have been extensively studied and found to be conserved across phylogenetic lines. In this review, we will therefore focus on a far lesser-known mechanism of regulation that is unique to plant cryptochromes. This involves inhibition of cryptochrome activity by small proteins that prevent its dimerisation in response to light. The resulting inhibition of function cause profound alterations in economically important traits such as plant growth, flowering, and fruit production. This review will describe the known mechanisms of cryptochrome activation and signalling in the context of their modulation by these endogenous and artificial small inhibitor proteins. Promising new applications for biotechnological and agricultural applications will be discussed.
Glycans that regulate Notch signaling in the intestine
Authors: Nauman Mohd , Stanley Pamela
Published: March 2022

Intestinal homeostasis is key to the maintenance of good health. The small intestine plays important roles in absorption, digestion, hormonal and immune functions. Crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cells residing at the bottom of crypts are nurtured by Paneth cells, and together create the stem cell niche, the foundation of intestinal homeostasis. CBC stem cells replicate to replenish their number, or differentiate into a variety of epithelial cells with specialized functions. Notch signaling is a cell–cell signaling pathway that regulates both the proliferation and differentiation of CBC stem cells. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 stimulated by canonical Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL4 mediate Notch signaling in the intestine that, in concert with other signaling pathways including the WNT and BMP pathways, determines cell fates. Importantly, interactions between Notch receptors and canonical Notch ligands are regulated by O-glycans linked to Ser/Thr in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain (NECD). The O-glycans attached to NECD are key regulators of the strength of Notch signaling. Imbalances in Notch signaling result in altered cell fate decisions and may lead to cancer in the intestine. In this review, we summarize the impacts of mutations in Notch pathway members on intestinal development and homeostasis, with a focus on the glycosyltransferases that transfer O-glycans to EGF repeats of NOTCH1, NOTCH2, DLL1 and DLL4.
GCN2: roles in tumour development and progression
Authors: Gold Lyssa T. , Masson Glenn R.
Published: March 2022

GCN2 (general control nonderepessible 2) is an eIF2α kinase responsible for entirely rewiring the metabolism of cells when they are put under amino acid starvation stress. Recently, there has been renewed interest in GCN2 as a potential oncotarget, with several studies reporting the development of small molecule inhibitors. The foundation of this work is built upon biochemical and cellular data which suggest GCN2 may be aberrantly overexpressed and is responsible for keeping cells on ‘life-support’ while tumours undergo significant nutritional stress during tumorigenesis, allowing cancer stem cells to develop chemotherapeutic resistance. However, most studies which have investigated the role of GCN2 in cancer have been conducted in various cancer model systems, often under a specific set of stresses, mutational backgrounds and drug cocktails. This review aims to comprehensively summarise the biochemical, molecular and cellular literature associated with GCN2 and its role in various cancers and determine whether a consensus can be developed to discern under which circumstances we may wish to target GCN2.
A novel method to construct low redundancy difference coarray on moving platform
Authors: Shen Yongjian
Published: March 2022

A novel method to construct low redundancy difference coarray for direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation on a moving platform is proposed by exploiting the fractal theory. The proposed method can be used in the scenario of a long period of stationary signal environment. Using this method, the new temporal fractal array is proposed by utilizing the fractal theory to decrease the synthetic steps, which reduces greatly the redundancy in the difference coarray of the synthetic array. Meanwhile, the synthetic difference coarray is also fully‐filled. The redundancy function is given to examine the redundancy of the synthetic difference coarray. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively decrease the redundancy of the synthetic difference coarray for DOA estimation.
TOI-1268b: The youngest hot Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet
Authors: Šubjak J. , Endl M. , Chaturvedi P. , Karjalainen R. , Cochran W. D. , Esposito M. , Gandolfi D. , Lam K. W. F. , Stassun K. , Žák J. , Lodieu N. , Boffin H. M. J. , MacQueen P. J. , Hatzes A. , Guenther E. W. , Georgieva I. , Grziwa S. , Schmerling H. , Skarka M. , Blažek M. , Karjalainen M. , Špoková M. , Isaacson H. , Howard A. W. , Burke C. J. , Van Eylen V. , Falk B. , Fridlund M. , Goffo E. , Jenkins J. M. , Korth J. , Lissauer J. J. , Livingston J. H. , Luque R. , Muresan A. , Osborn H. P. , Pallé E. , Persson C. M. , Redfield S. , Ricker G. R. , Seager S. , Serrano L. M. , Smith A. M. S. , Kabáth P.
Published: March 2022

We report the discovery of TOI-1268b, a transiting Saturn-mass planet from the TESS space mission. With an age of less than 1 Gyr, derived from various age indicators, TOI-1268b is the youngest Saturn-mass planet known to date; it contributes to the small sample of well-characterised young planets. It has an orbital period of P = 8.1577080 ± 0.0000044 days, and transits an early K-dwarf star with a mass of M* = 0.96 ± 0.04 M⊙, a radius of R* = 0.92 ± 0.06 R⊙, an effective temperature of Teff = 5300 ± 100 K, and a metallicity of 0.36 ± 0.06 dex. By combining TESS photometry with high-resolution spectra acquired with the Tull spectrograph at the McDonald Observatory, and the high-resolution spectrographs at the Tautenburg and Ondřejov Observatories, we measured a planetary mass of Mp = 96.4 ± 8.3 M⊕ and a radius of Rp = 9.1 ± 0.6 R⊕. TOI-1268 is an ideal system for studying the role of star-planet tidal interactions for non-inflated Saturn-mass planets. We used system parameters derived in this paper to constrain the planet’s tidal quality factor to the range of 104.5–5.3. When compared with the sample of other non-inflated Saturn-mass planets, TOI-1268b is one of the best candidates for transmission spectroscopy studies.
SOLIS
Authors: de A. Schutzer A. , Rivera-Ortiz P. R. , Lefloch B. , Gusdorf A. , Favre C. , Segura-Cox D. , López-Sepulcre A. , Neri R. , Ospina-Zamudio J. , De Simone M. , Codella C. , Viti S. , Podio L. , Pineda J. , O’Donoghue R. , Ceccarelli C. , Caselli P. , Alves F. , Bachiller R. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Bizzocchi L. , Bottinelli S. , Caux E. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Dulieu F. , Enrique-Romero J. , Fontani F. , Feng S. , Holdship J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Jaber Al-Edhari A. , Kahane C. , Lattanzi V. , Oya Y. , Punanova A. , Rimola A. , Sakai N. , Spezzano S. , Sims I. R. , Taquet V. , Testi L. , Theulé P. , Ugliengo P. , Vastel C. , Vasyunin A. I. , Vazart F. , Yamamoto S. , Witzel A.
Published: March 2022

Context.Protostellar jets are an important agent of star formation feedback, tightly connected with the mass-accretion process. The history of jet formation and mass ejection provides constraints on the mass accretion history and on the nature of the driving source.

Aims.We characterize the time-variability of the mass-ejection phenomena at work in the class 0 protostellar phase in order to better understand the dynamics of the outflowing gas and bring more constraints on the origin of the jet chemical composition and the mass-accretion history.

Methods.Using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer, we have observed the emission of the CO 2–1 and SONJ= 54–43rotational transitions at an angular resolution of 1.0″ (820 au) and 0.4″ (330 au), respectively, toward the intermediate-mass class 0 protostellar system Cep E.

Results.The CO high-velocity jet emission reveals a central component of ≤400 au diameter associated with high-velocity molecular knots that is also detected in SO, surrounded by a collimated layer of entrained gas. The gas layer appears to be accelerated along the main axis over a length scaleδ0~ 700 au, while its diameter gradually increases up to several 1000 au at 2000 au from the protostar. The jet is fragmented into 18 knots of mass ~10−3M⊙, unevenly distributed between the northern and southern lobes, with velocity variations up to 15 km s−1close to the protostar. This is well below the jet terminal velocities in the northern (+ 65 km s−1) and southern (−125 km s−1) lobes. The knot interval distribution is approximately bimodal on a timescale of ~50–80 yr, which is close to the jet-driving protostar Cep E-A and ~150–20 yr at larger distances >12″. The mass-loss rates derived from knot masses are steady overall, with values of 2.7 × 10−5M⊙yr−1and 8.9 × 10−6M⊙yr−1in the northern and southern lobe, respectively.

Conclusions.The interaction of the ambient protostellar material with high-velocity knots drives the formation of a molecular layer around the jet. This accounts for the higher mass-loss rate in the northern lobe. The jet dynamics are well accounted for by a simple precession model with a period of 2000 yr and a mass-ejection period of 55 yr.
Logical entropy and negative probabilities in quantum mechanics
Authors: Manfredi Giovanni
Published: March 2022

The concept of Logical Entropy, SL = 1-Σni=1 pi2, where the pi are normalized probabilities, was introduced by David Ellerman in a series of recent papers. Although the mathematical formula itself is not new, Ellerman provided a sound probabilistic interpretation of SL as a measure of the distinctions of a partition on a given set. The same formula comes across as a useful definition of entropy in quantum mechanics, where it is linked to the notion of purity of a quantum state. The quadratic form of the logical entropy lends itself to a generalization of the probabilities that include negative values, an idea that goes back to Feynman and Wigner. Here, we analyze and reinterpret negative probabilities in the light of the concept of logical entropy. Several intriguing quantum-like properties of the logical entropy are derived and discussed in finite dimensional spaces. For infinite-dimensional spaces (continuum), we show that, under the sole hypothesis that the logical entropy and the total probability are preserved in time, one obtains an evolution equation for the probability density that is basically identical to the quantum evolution of the Wigner function in phase space, at least when one considers only the momentum variable. This result suggest that the logical entropy plays a profound role in establishing the peculiar rules of quantum physics.
Aerodynamic characteristics analysis of quadrangle inlet and exhaust grille for embedded ventilation cooling system of aircraft
Authors: Wang Limin , Huang Heyuan , Mi Baigang , Zhang Xuanjia , Zhao Meiying
Published: March 2022

Adding grilles at the inlet and exhaust of the aircraft ventilation cooling system helps to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the whole system. Taking the X-47B aircraft as the research object, the quadrilateral open inlet and exhaust ducts and their grilles of the ventilation and cooling system embedded in the fuselage are designed. Based on CFD method, the influence of four design parameters of intake and exhaust grille: diversion angle, grille thickness, aperture shape and aperture size on flow resistance characteristics of the pipeline system is analyzed. The results show that the flow resistance characteristics are better when the grille diversion angle of inlet and outlet is smaller and closer to the conventional inlet and outlet. For the inlet, the rectifier effect is better when the grille thickness is larger, and the outlet of the exhaust duct needs a suitable thickness of the grille to balance the rectification and exhaust resistance. Besides, the circular hole grille shows good effect in the inlet and exhaust port. The small flow rate of inlet needs to use small aperture grilles to increase the rectification effect and suppress the internal and external flow interference, while the small flow rate of exhaust channel uses large aperture grilles, and the large flow rate uses small aperture grilles to improve the mixing rectification efficiency of internal flow to external flow.
Monitoring cracks of metal structure based on grating thin-film sensor
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Cui Ronghong , Song Yujian , Chen Tao , Fan Xianghong , Ma Binlin , Zhang Tianyu
Published: March 2022

The hole edge of a metal structure is the most likely crack position in an aircraft structure. The quantitative monitoring of a hole-edge crack is important for structural health monitoring. Therefore, this paper presented a grating thin-film sensor based on the potentiometric method. Firstly, the anodic oxidation process was used to prepare thin film on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy matrix to prevent the aluminum alloy matrix from interfering with the monitoring signal of the sensor. Then the DC superimposed pulsed bias arc ion plating technique was used to prepare the grating thin-film sensor on the surface of the specimen. The output characteristics of the grating thin-film sensor are obtained with its finite element model, and the factors affecting the sensitivity of the sensor are analyzed. Finally, the fatigue crack monitoring tests were carried out to verify the quantitative monitoring capability of the grating thin film sensor. The experimental results show that it is feasible for the grating thin-film sensor to quantitatively monitor the fatigue crack at the hole edge of an aircraft metal structure.
Research on dynamic path planning algorithm of spacecraft cluster based on cooperative particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Fang Qun , Song Jinfeng , Zhang Xiuwei , Zhu Zhanxia
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the problem of path planning for the spacecraft cluster to reach the dynamic target point under the premise of considering obstacle avoidance. In view of the fixed search radius, it will be difficult for the spacecraft to find a better value when it is close to the target point. This paper converts the orbital dynamics of each member spacecraft into an optimization problem considering constraints, and proposes an improved CPSO algorithm based on coordination. The path planning method of the traditional particle swarm optimization (CPSO): The dynamic radius search method that changes the search radius by changing the distance between them, and improves the CPSO algorithm based on this. The improved CPSO algorithm autonomously finds the optimal path of each member spacecraft at the current moment through the dynamic search radius, thereby obtaining the optimal solution for the dynamic path planning of the spacecraft cluster in three-dimensional space. The simulation results show that the use of the improved CPSO algorithm can not only obtain the optimal solution to the spacecraft cluster dynamic path planning problem, but also greatly reduce the fuel consumption in its path planning and improve the path stability of each member spacecraft.
Experimental study on water-entry cavity and trajectory of vehicle with asymmetric nose shape
Authors: Hua Yang , Shi Yao , Pan Guang , Huang Qiaogao
Published: March 2022

Different nose shape can cause a significant influence on the water entry trajectory and cavity. In order to study the evolution characteristics of cavity and trajectory of asymmetric nose in the process of water entry, based on the high-speed photography technology, the low-speed water entry comparative experiments were carried out for three different cut-angle nose types of 35°, 40° and 45° under different water entry angles. Through digital image processing technology, the contour of the water entry cavity and motion attitude information of the vehicle at different times are extracted, and the law of influence of the cut angle and entry angle on the cavity and trajectory is obtained. The experimental results show that: the cut angle side of the asymmetric nose can effectively promote the expansion of the cavity, thus forming the asymmetric water entry cavity; the expansion scale of the cavity is positively related to the initial horizontal expansion speed of the cavity and the area of the section of the head; the water entry trajectory of the asymmetric head will deflect to the cut angle side; the smaller the water entry angle is, the shorter the trajectory leveling time is, and the deeper the leveling depth is However, the change of attitude angle is almost independent of the entry angle.
Study on maneuver control design method of dual aircraft air combat with constraints
Authors: Ming Ruichen , Liu Xiaoxiong , Li Yu , Zhang Weiguo
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the situation constraint problem in air combat trajectory control, a constrained backstepping flight control law is proposed. This method considers the constraints of the amplitude and bandwidth of the state variables in the traditional flight process. At the same time, it also introduces the situation information of the two aircraft air combat into the control law. The correction error is defined in the control law error, and the angle situation information is used to update the correction error. When the situation is dominant, the system can perform the maneuver task normally, and the correction error converges to 0 quickly When it is a disadvantage, the correction error becomes larger, and affects the maneuver, so that the situation changes to the advantage. The simulation results show that the method can effectively make the situation change in a favorable direction during maneuvering flight.
Exploring the experiences, psychological well-being and needs of frontline healthcare workers of government hospitals in India: a qualitative study
Authors: Romate John , Rajkumar Eslavath
Published: March 2022

The present study aims to understand the experiences, challenges, psychological well-being and needs of clinical and non-clinical government healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Hyderabad-Karnataka (H-K) region. This qualitative study used purposive sampling method to recruit 221 HCWs working in the H-K region government hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with those HCWs who agreed to participate. The data analyzed using conventional content analysis revealed three main themes: (1) experiences and challenges faced by HCWs; (2) psychological well-being and coping strategies used by HCWs; and (3) experience of and need for social support. The main findings of the current study are as follows: The HCWs experienced fear and apprehension during the early stages of the pandemic, but gradually, their fears reduced, and they perceived the situation to be the “new normal”. They experienced work-related (scarcity of resources, problems with PPE, communication issues, violence, and stigma) and family-related (fear of infecting family members, choosing work over family, inability to undertake family roles) challenges while serving during the pandemic. They reported increased psychological issues (psychological distress, experience of loss, and feelings of guilt and helplessness). Conversely, they reported a need for emotional stability. The HCWs reported using adaptive (emotion-focused, problem-focused, and religious) and maladaptive (avoidance and substance abuse) coping strategies to cope with these challenges and psychological problems. They also sought social support (from family, friends, colleagues, and superiors) and raised the need for organizational, personal, and societal support to cope with the pandemic. The HCWs experienced physical and psychological burnout, especially from stretching beyond the assigned roles due to a shortage of resources and workforce. However, amidst juggling with work and family responsibilities, HCWs were found to be emotionally stable and reported to have a positive outlook in general. Besides, emphasizing the regulation of policies for meeting their primary needs, they stressed the need for professional psychological services with need-based intervention strategies.
Producing bright light from electromechanical forces in bendable, stretchable electronics
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2022

An in-plane electric field allows for a thicker emissive layer and brighter light
A high frequency builder software for arbitrary radio frequency signals
Authors: Groß Felix , Träger Nick , Schulz Frank , Weigand Markus , Dippon Thomas , Gräfe Joachim
Published: March 2022

While the frequencies accessible by signal generators steadily rise, the synthesization of complex and arbitrary waveforms with high frequency components remains challenging, especially when restricted by an external reference clock. In this article, we present a comprehensive software package combined with state-of-the-art hardware as a solution for the generation of highly sampled, arbitrary radio frequency waveforms. The software can be used to conduct both synchronous and heterodyne pump–probe experiments due to a variety of different synchronization modules. While both kinds of modules allow for standard waveforms, such as sines, pulses, and bursts, as well as any arbitrary signal, the heterodyne modules additionally are not restricted by the reference clock frequency. Both the output and the synchronization module can be adapted to support additional measurement devices. Due to the modular software structure, individual classes can be exchanged while maintaining all functionalities. The software provides a user friendly graphical interface that allows us to compose, save, and load complex arbitrary waveforms within only a few steps. The frequency selectivity provided by the software-hardware combination allows us to directly target specific excitation states of physical systems. Conducting a heterodyne scanning transmission x-ray microscopy experiment, we are able to demonstrate the capabilities of the software when paired with a high sample rate arbitrary waveform generator. The heterodyne synchronization modules allow for unlimited flexibility leveraging arbitrary waveform generation to their full power. By solving the challenges of synthesizing highly complex electromagnetic waves, the software enables a large variety of experiments to be performed more conveniently.
Lightly strained germanium quantum wells with hole mobility exceeding one million
Authors: Lodari M. , Kong O. , Rendell M. , Tosato A. , Sammak A. , Veldhorst M. , Hamilton A. R. , Scappucci G.
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate that a lightly strained germanium channel (ε//=−0.41%) in an undoped Ge/Si0.1Ge0.9 heterostructure field effect transistor supports a two-dimensional (2D) hole gas with mobility in excess of 1×106 cm2/Vs and percolation density less than 5×1010 cm−2. This low disorder 2D hole system shows tunable fractional quantum Hall effects at low densities and low magnetic fields. The low-disorder and small effective mass (0.068me) defines lightly strained germanium as a basis to tune the strength of the spin–orbit coupling for fast and coherent quantum hardware.
Effect of thermal and mechanical rejuvenation on the rheological behavior of chocolate
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tulika , Joshi Yogesh M
Published: March 2022

Chocolate is known to undergo solid–liquid transition upon an increase in temperature as well as under application of deformation field. Upon sudden reduction in temperature from a molten state (or thermal rejuvenation), the rheological properties of chocolate evolve as a function of time under isothermal conditions, a behavior reminiscent of physical aging in polymeric glasses. Then again, subsequent to cessation of shear flow (or mechanical rejuvenation), chocolate shows temporal evolution of the rheological properties, a behavior similar to physical aging in soft glassy materials. In this work, we evaluate three rheological properties—dynamic moduli, relaxation time spectrum, and characteristic relaxation time of chocolate—and compare their evolution after thermal as well as mechanical rejuvenation. We observe that the evolution of the rheological properties subsequent to mechanical rejuvenation is distinctly different from that of thermal rejuvenation, wherein the evolution is more gradual in the former case. On the one hand, this work provides unique insights into how shear affects the rheological behavior of chocolate. On the other hand, this work clearly suggests that chocolate explores different sections of the energy landscape after mechanical rejuvenation compared to that of thermal rejuvenation.