bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metanephrine mirage: distinguishing the phaeocopies, a case report and literature review
Authors: Gong Joanna Y. , Gordon Debbie , Ye Sylvia , Fleming Bill , Tan Jason , Hulf Toby , Shamassi Maryam , Orme Lisa M. , Houli Nezor , Boehm Emma , Yates Christopher J. , Kevat Dev A.
Published: November 2024

Background

We present one of only seven reported cases of a catecholamine-secreting adrenal neuroblastoma in an adult. The case is used as a platform to discuss key biochemical, genomic and imaging considerations that are central to the successful, targeted management of catecholamine-secreting adrenal tumours.

Case presentation

A 63-year-old male was urgently reviewed at a tertiary hospital endocrinology outpatient clinic for a 12 cm right-sided adrenal incidentaloma. Plasma normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine levels were approximately 10 times the upper limit of normal at 9272 pmol/L (< 900) and 1023 pmol/L (< 110), respectively.

The adrenal mass appeared to be inseparable from the liver on imaging, and thus was suspected to be an invasive malignant phaeochromocytoma. FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT demonstrated moderate to intense metabolic activity within the right adrenal mass. [68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE (Ga-TATE) PET-CT demonstrated patchy, heterogenous somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression in the adrenal lesion, at most Krenning 3 (intensity above liver).

The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy and segment 6/7 liver resection. Histopathology revealed a 130 mm diameter neuroblastoma of the differentiating subtype with a low Mitosis-Karyorrhexis Index. There was lymphovascular invasion and tumour focally present at the resection margin, but no tumour in one periadrenal lymph node, and no tumour invasion in the adherent liver. Immunohistochemistry revealed ALK positivity (+ 3) and wild type ATRX.

At nine months following adrenalectomy, the plasma normetanephrine level has reduced to 991 pmol/L (< 900). Post-operative GaTate PET/CT shows no definite abnormal SSTR-expressing lesions in the surgical bed or elsewhere. The patient has completed adjuvant radiotherapy and is a candidate for ALK-targeted therapy if required for recurrence in the future.

Conclusions

Neuroblastomas may be misdiagnosed as phaeochromocytomas given the ability to secrete catecholamines and similarities in radiological appearance. Differentiating neuroblastomas from phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) is critical, but clinically difficult. Genomics are central for management; diagnosing ALK-positive neuroblastoma triggers consideration of ALK-targeted therapy, which is not relevant for PPGL. A critical eye is required for the accurate diagnosis and management of malignant adrenal incidentalomas.
How patient-reported outcomes and experience measures (PROMs and PREMs) are implemented in healthcare professional and patient organizations? An environmental scan
Authors: Lowry Véronique , Tremblay-Vaillancourt Vanessa , Beaupré Priscilla , Poirier Marie-Dominique , Perron Marie-Ève , Bernier Jessica , Morin Anaëlle , Cormier Caroline , Haggerty Jeannie , Ahmed Sara , Brodeur Magaly , David Geneviève , Lambert Sylvie , Laberge Maude , Zidarov Diana , Visca Regina , Poder Thomas G. , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Sasseville Maxime , Poitras Marie-Eve
Published: November 2024

Background

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are becoming essential parts of a learning health system, and using these measures is a promising approach for value-based healthcare. However, evidence regarding healthcare professional and patient organizations’ knowledge, use and perception of PROMs and PREMs is lacking.

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to: 1- Describe the current knowledge and use of PROMs and PREMs by healthcare professional and patient organizations, 2- Describe the determinants of PROMs and PREMs implementation according to healthcare professional and patient organizations.

Methods

We conducted an environmental scan using semi-structured interviews with representatives from healthcare professional and patient organizations. Interviews were recorded and live coded based on the Franklin framework. We used inductive and deductive thematic analysis to extract information about the main themes addressed during the interview (awareness of PROMs and PREMs, examples of implementation and use of PROMs and PREMs, tools used, vision for future implementation, barriers and facilitators to implementation and the best way to collect PROMs and PREMs data).

Results

63% of healthcare professional organizations (n = 19) and 41% of patient organizations (n = 9) that were contacted agreed to have a representative interviewed. The representatives from both the healthcare professional and patient organizations acknowledged the importance of assessing patients’ experience and outcomes. However, they considered the implementation of PROMs and PREMs tools to be scarce within their organizations, in clinical practice and in the education system. Patient organizations were worried that overuse of PROMs and PREMs could lead to depersonalization of practice. Barriers to implementing PROMs and PREMs included lack of awareness of tools, resistance to change and lack of motivation to complete or explain the questionnaire. Barriers also included factors such as lack of financial, technological and human resources and issues with integration of data and inconsistency of digital platforms.

Conclusions

This environmental scan revealed a lack of awareness of tools by healthcare professional and patient organizations’ representatives and limited implementation. Adequate training, technological integration, and demonstration of PROMs and PREMs benefits to foster broader adoption in clinical and organizational settings is dearly needed. Addressing these challenges is essential for enhancing value-based care.
Aggressive driving behavior: road rage incidents in Athens from the clinical forensic point of view
Authors: Kouzos Dimitrios , Katsos Konstantinos , Anastopoulou Ioanna , Kolentinis Christoforos , Goutas Nikolaos D. , Vlachodimitropoulos Dimitrios G. , Moraitis Konstantinos , Spiliopoulou Chara A. , Sakelliadis Emmanouil I.
Published: November 2024

Background

Aggressive driving behavior may lead to interpersonal violence. The Athens Metropolitan area has over four million inhabitants. Public transportation has improved over the last decades, mainly due to the work performed before the 2004 Olympic Games but is still lacking in the coverage of the Attica region with fixed track transportation. Thus, traffic in Athens is usually heavy during the day, a fact that combined with limited parking spaces available, acts as fuel to aggressive driving behaviors.

For this retrospective study, data from forensic clinical examinations performed at our department by the authors were reviewed. More specifically, cases examined from January 1st, 2012, to September 30rd, 2021, all concerning allegations for road rage were included, totally 177 cases. The data obtained was analyzed by utilizing SPSS Statistics.

Results

Most victims and perpetrators were drivers of their vehicles. In most cases (85.3%), perpetrators acted alone. 80.2% of victims reported that the incident was triggered by a minor conflict. Perpetrators used mostly just their hands and feet, or even their head as a blunt force instrument to inflict injuries (72.3%). Hammers, crowbars, and brass knuckles were used in 12.4% of cases, while in 9.6% the vehicle was used to overrun the victim. In 2.8% of cases, perpetrators attempted to strangulate the victims, while in 1.7% they used a sharp force instrument. In 9.6% of cases, victims did not sustain any visible external injury. 18.1% of victims sustained just a single injury, while in 72.3% multiple injuries were observed. 69.5% victims sustained merely external injuries, while in 20.2% at least one internal organ injury was sustained. The predominant injury site was by far the head-neck region. In more than one third of the road rage incidents, the injuries could be characterized as grievous.

Conclusions

Most people involved were male motorists. Females are rarely victims of road traffic violence, and even more rarely act as perpetrators. Commonest injury site was the head-neck region, with second commonest the upper extremities.
Cochlear implantation of a child with Townes-Brocks Syndrome in Tanzania: a case report
Authors: Jaffer Ali F. , Mehanna Ahmed , Patel Nina , Jaffer Fayaz , Hassuji Rashida
Published: November 2024

Background

Townes-Brocks Syndrome (TBS), an autosomal dominant disorder, is known to cause hearing loss amongst other expressions including anomalies that affect the external ear, hands, feet, anus, and kidneys.

Case presentation

This report describes a case of a four-year-old male of Iranian origin with TBS diagnosed with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation in Tanzania. Along with sensorineural hearing loss, the child has dysplastic external ears, ulnar deviation of the thumbs, and overlapping toes. Radiological evaluation revealed cochlear hypoplasia with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct. This is the first known published case of TBS with a cochlear implant in East Africa and details the child’s history, audiological findings, surgical procedure, and post-surgical outcomes. The patient has shown a remarkable increase in Infant–Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores and aided sound-field thresholds at 3 months and 6 months post-switch on.

Conclusion

This case advocates for encouraging intervention via cochlear implantation and increased awareness of such syndromes. It also adds to the literature on TBS, and its relation to sensorineural hearing loss and inner ear malformations.
The Jo-1 mystery
Authors: Krishna Kavita , Bellary Vaibhav S , Kadimisetty Nikhila B
Published: November 2024

A 51-year-old male patient presented with fever, myalgia, and bilateral thigh pain, followed by proximal weakness of limbs. Laboratory features were suggestive of inflammatory polymyositis (PM). He initially responded to steroids, but subsequently, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated. In the initial investigations, there was no evidence of any malignancy. Over the next 2 months, he had a catastrophic downhill course—progressive pancytopenia, acute abdominal pain, and features of mesenteric panniculitis and he eventually was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

This case underscores the high index of suspicion for underlying malignancy while managing cases of refractory PM and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing patients with complex autoimmune and hematological conditions. Jo-1 antibody, also known as anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase antibody, is a specific type of autoantibody associated with a group of autoimmune diseases collectively known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), particularly polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Here, we present a case report highlighting the rare clinical association between Jo-1-positive PM and hematological malignancy. The presence of Jo-1 antibodies in this context may suggest potential immune dysregulation or paraneoplastic phenomena linking PM and AML. Accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing patients with complex autoimmune and hematological conditions, especially when they present with atypical clinical features and show poor response to treatment.
Transcription factor PbrERF114 is involved in the regulation of ethylene synthesis during pear fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Guoming , Guo Zhihua , Wang Tengjiao , Wang Xueping , Qi Kaijie , Xuan Jiping , Gu Chao , Zhang Shaoling
Published: November 2024

The plant hormone ethylene is indispensable to the ripening of climacteric fruits. Although extensive studies have been conducted on ethylene signaling, the ethylene response factor (ERF)-mediated transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in pear fruits remains to be fully elucidated. We here constructed, sequenced, and analyzed transcriptome libraries in ethephon-treated and 1-MCP-treated Cuiguan pear fruits. In total, 721 fruit ripening-associated differentially expressed genes were identified. Among them, two key genes exhibited positive correlations: the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS)-encoding gene PbrACS3 and the ERF-encoding gene named PbrERF114. PbrERF114 overexpression increased ethylene production as well as the PbrACS3 expression level. Conversely, virus-induced gene silencing downregulated PbrERF114, thereby decreasing ethylene production and reducing PbrACS3 expression levels. Notably, PbrERF114 could directly interact with PbrACS3 and PbrERF24 promoters, thus inducing their expression. However, it did not result in an enhancement in luciferase activity, which is regulated by the PbrACS1b or PbrACO1 promoter. PbrERF24 could directly bind to PbrACO1 as well as PbrACS3 to promote ethylene synthesis. In conclusion, PbrERF114 can directly and indirectly mediate ethylene biosynthesis by transcriptionally regulating PbrACS3 and PbrERF24, respectively, thereby triggering a signaling cascade that induces the expression of both PbrACS3 and PbrACO1.
Seismic horizon tracking based on the TransUnet model
Authors: Zhao Zhaoyang , Zhao Jian-guo
Published: November 2024

Seismic horizons are of paramount importance for building structure models and stratigraphic interpretations. However, currently, horizon tracking is generally obtained through manual tracking or a combination of traditional automatic tracking and manual tracking, which is a highly time-consuming and error-prone process. Despite the many methods developed for automated horizon tracking, tracking horizons with complex features still faces numerous challenges. We develop a method for horizon tracking using the TransUnet model, which can be applied to track individual horizons and multiple horizons simultaneously. This method is implemented through deep-learning semantic segmentation. Training is conducted using a deep-learning encoder-decoder structure to establish the mapping relationship between seismic data and horizon data. The TransUnet model builds upon the U-net model by incorporating transformer modules, enabling the model to possess local and global attention capabilities. The ultimate results of horizon tracking reveal that the TransUnet model is more proficient at tracking horizons in areas with complex seismic reflections than the U-net model. In single and multiple horizon tracking, the root mean square error and the coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text]) calculated from horizons predicted by the TransUNet model and manually tracked horizons are significantly lower than those of the U-net model. This research determines that our method is more efficient and accurate in tracking the horizons of 3D seismic volumes compared with traditional approaches.
Density interface prediction using neural networks: Incorporating fluctuation features from observed gravity data
Authors: Lu Pengyu , Geng Meixia , Zhou Shuai , Jiao Jian , Zeng Zhaofa
Published: November 2024

Predicting density interfaces in the subsurface using neural networks is a promising research area in deep learning-based gravity exploration. Constructing a comprehensive training data set that captures the fluctuation characteristics of the density interface is vital for predictions. However, large data sets often introduce extraneous features and significantly increase the computational time. To address these challenges, we have developed a method that enhances the accuracy of the prediction by integrating fluctuation features of observed gravity data, the z-component gravity data, into the training data set. This is achieved by perturbing and deforming the approximate spectrum of the density interface derived from a physics-driven algorithm, thereby generating training samples that closely match the prediction target. Such an approach enables the neural network to concentrate on learning relevant fluctuation features associated with the target. Experimental results underscore the efficacy of our method in accurately discerning density interface features and its robustness against noise interference. Furthermore, our method maintains high prediction accuracy with smaller data sets, outperforming the conventional approaches. This advantage enhances the efficiency and practicality of neural networks in addressing density interface problems by reducing the computational costs for predictions with high accuracy.
Let’s focus on the insula in addiction: A refined anatomical exploration of insula in severe alcohol and cocaine use disorders
Authors: Billaux Pauline , Segobin Shailendra , Maillard Angeline , Bloch Vanessa , Delmaire Christine , Cabé Nicolas , Laniepce Alice , Maurage Pierre , Poireau Margaux , Volle Emmanuelle , Vorspan Florence , Pitel Anne-Lise
Published: November 2024

Background

Theoretical and empirical contributions have identified insula as key in addiction. However, anatomical modifications of the insula in addictive states, and their variations across substance use disorders (SUDs), remain to be specifically explored. We therefore explored the specificities and commonalities of insula gray matter (GM) alterations in severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD) and severe cocaine use disorder (sCUD).

Methods

We explored insula GM volume through a refined parcellation in 12 subregions (six bilateral): anterior inferior cortex (AIC), anterior short gyrus, middle short gyrus, posterior short gyrus, anterior long gyrus (ALG), and posterior long gyrus (PLG). Using a linear mixed model analysis, we explored the insula volume profiles of 50 patients with sAUD, 61 patients with sCUD, and 36 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

In both sAUD and sCUD, we showed overall insular lower volume with a right-sided lateralization effect, and a major volume deficit in bilateral ALG. Moreover, differences emerged across groups, with higher left AIC and PLG volume deficits in sCUD compared to sAUD and HC.

Conclusions

We offered the first joint exploration of GM insular volumes in two SUD through refined parcellation, thus unveiling the similarities and dissimilarities in volume deficit profiles. Our results bring evidence complementing prior ones suggesting the core role of the right and posterior insula in craving and interoception, two crucial processes in addiction. Left AIC and PLG group differences also show that, while insula is a region of interest in SUD, sCUD and sAUD generate distinct insular profiles, which might parallel clinical differences across SUD.
UNIVERSITY TEACHER'S READINESS FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Gromova Tatiana V.
Published: November 2024

Background. Successful professional activity of a university teacher is impossible without productive and innovative use of information and communication technologies (ICT). This process involves not only the constant widespread dissemination of knowledge and information, their transformation into digital educational products, but also the teacher's ability and readiness to effectively organize the educational process in new conditions. We suppose the digital readiness of the university teacher should be the subject of systematic scientific analysis.
The purpose of the article is to study the features of the digital transformation of higher education and to obtain objective data on the readiness of university teachers to use digital tools and technologies in their professional activities.
Materials and methods. Within the framework of the studied problem, publications by foreign and domestic authors were studied; information on the research topic was collected from books, magazines, and online publications. The research was based on observation, surveys and questionnaires of teachers using a structured questionnaire with closed and open questions.
Results. The results of the study showed that the readiness of university teachers to work in the digital educational environment is not fully formed. This is explained both by the insufficient development of the digital educational environment of the university and the low level of proficiency of teachers in digital competencies. Only 55% of the teachers rated their level of knowledge of information and communication technologies as “good”, and 10% demonstrated excellent skills Among the factors hindering the digitalization of the teaching process, the following were noted first of all: lack of incentives and equipment at the university, harm to health and great fatigue when working at a computer.
Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Heart Rate Monitors: A Comprehensive Review of Smartwatches in Exercise Monitoring
Authors: Paluch Katarzyna , Szypuła Zofia , Nowak Aleksandra , Bochenek Oliwia , Koper Mateusz , Kałuża Jessica , Konaszczuk Adrian , Ratyna Klaudia , Kozyra Oliwia , Skarbek Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Wrist-worn heart rate monitors have become integral in personal health monitoring, particularly during exercise and daily activities. This review evaluates the precision of various commercially available smartwatches in assessing heart rate, focusing on their accuracy across different physical activities, such as walking, running, cycling, and elliptical training. A systematic analysis of 29 peer-reviewed studies, encompassing over 900 participants, was conducted to compare devices like the Apple Watch, Fitbit, Garmin, and others. The results demonstrate significant variation in accuracy depending on the device, type of activity, and individual factors such as body mass index and skin tone. The Apple Watch consistently outperformed other devices, showing the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), particularly during moderate-intensity activities. In contrast, devices such as the Fitbit Blaze exhibited greater error rates, especially during high-intensity exercises or activities involving significant arm movement. Although wrist-worn heart rate monitors provide users with convenient real-time data, limitations such as motion artifacts, device placement, and external factors may affect their reliability.
Paradoxical deterioration during treatment of tuberculous meningitis responded to infliximab but not to steroids
Authors: Husic Almir , Jäggi Jonas , Müller Benjamin , Dashti David , Wirz Sebastian , Potlukova Eliska , Angelini Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Paradoxical deterioration in patients with tuberculous meningitis is a significant diagnostic and treatment challenge. We present the case of a 55-year-old previously healthy male, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, presenting with headache, fever, agitation and slurred speech, who was ultimately diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. After initiation of a standard antitubercular therapy combined with glucocorticoids, the patient experienced an initial neurological improvement. However, after 3 months of therapy, he had a major stroke with neurological deterioration, clinically and radiologically attributable to a paradoxical deterioration or an immune reconstruction syndrome as described in HIV-positive patients. Due to the persistence of inflammatory symptoms and radiological evidence of worsening tuberculomas despite ongoing antituberculosis therapy, off-label use of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor infliximab was initiated. The patient received three doses of infliximab at 5 mg/kg at monthly intervals, which led to marked clinical and radiological improvement. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed regression of lesions, and the patient was eventually discharged with a significant recovery of motor and speech functions. This case underscores the potential of TNF inhibitors in managing severe cases of paradoxical deterioration in patients with tuberculous meningitis, challenging existing treatment paradigms and suggesting a need for further research into the pathophysiology and treatment of this condition.
COVID-19 vaccination doesn’t influence sperm motility, concentration, and morphology
Authors:   Department of Applied Embryology, High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Nahrain University, Kadhmiya, Baghdad, Iraq., Sh. Al-Maliki Rehab
Published: November 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, necessitated the rapid development and global deployment of vaccines. Despite the high efficacy of vaccines like AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech in preventing severe COVID-19, concerns about potential side effects, particularly on male fertility, have arisen. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on key sperm parameters (motility, concentration, count, and morphology) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in men. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (March to August 2022) at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 63 participants divided into three groups: AstraZeneca vaccine group (N=24), Pfizer vaccine group (N=19), and an unvaccinated control group (N=20). Participants’ sperm parameters were analyzed following the WHO guidelines, and serum IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sperm motility, concentration, total sperm count, or morphology between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Specifically, sperm motility was 57.3±8.9% in the vaccinated group versus 56.8±9.2% in the control group (p=0.782). Sperm concentration was 62.5±14.7 M/mL in the vaccinated group compared to 61.9±15.1 M/mL in the control group (p=0.845). Total sperm count was 185.6±43.8 M in the vaccinated group versus 183.2±44.5 M in the control group (p=0.802). Morphologically normal sperm were 4.2±1.1% in the vaccinated group versus 4.1±1.0% in the control group (p=0.659). Serum IL-6 levels showed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination with either AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech does not adversely affect sperm parameters or induce significant changes in serum IL-6 levels. These findings support the safety of COVID-19 vaccines concerning male reproductive health, alleviating concerns about potential adverse effects on fertility.
Revisiting the radiological signs for the first metatarsal pronation assessment
Authors: Wu Daniel Y. , Lam Eddy K. F.
Published: November 2024

Aims

The first metatarsal pronation deformity of hallux valgus feet is widely recognized. However, its assessment relies mostly on 3D standing CT scans. Two radiological signs, the first metatarsal round head (RH) and inferior tuberosity position (ITP), have been described, but are seldom used to aid in diagnosis. This study was undertaken to determine the reliability and validity of these two signs for a more convenient and affordable preoperative assessment and postoperative comparison.

Methods

A total of 200 feet were randomly selected from the radiograph archives of a foot and ankle clinic. An anteroposterior view of both feet was taken while standing on the same x-ray platform. The intermetatarsal angle (IMA), metatarsophalangeal angle (MPA), medial sesamoid position, RH, and ITP signs were assessed for statistical analysis.

Results

There were 127 feet with an IMA > 9°. Both RH and ITP severities correlated significantly with IMA severity. RH and ITP were also significantly associated with each other, and the pronation deformities of these feet are probably related to extrinsic factors. There were also feet with discrepancies between their RH and ITP severities, possibly due to intrinsic torsion of the first metatarsal.

Conclusion

Both RH and ITP are reliable first metatarsal pronation signs correlating to the metatarsus primus varus deformity of hallux valgus feet. They should be used more for preoperative and postoperative assessment.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(11):1037–1040.
Confessional Performance: Remorse and the Affective Economy of Parole
Authors: Menon Jisha
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Taking the popular podcast series Violation as its point of departure, this article examines the dramaturgy within the parole system, its affective politics, and its performative speech acts to consider its role in the perpetuation of mass incarceration in the United States. By training an eye on the affective economy of parole hearings, this article explores the retributive turn in the criminal legal process in the wake of neoliberal economic reforms. It focuses on the anxious performance of remorse within parole hearings as a key form of affective currency that could potentially secure release from incarceration. In the process, the article examines the significant role that remorse plays in parole hearings in entrenching a dispositional conception of personal responsibility in the criminal legal system.
Method for simultaneous reconstruction of a depth and clear image with a single blurred image in microscopy
Authors: Wei YangJie , Di Xinyu
Published: November 2024

The evaluation of imaging blur degradation characteristics of
high-magnification optical microscopes is greatly influenced by
complex imaging mechanisms, image textures, and illumination, which
seriously limit the observation precision at the micro-nano scale.
This paper proposes a method for simultaneous reconstruction of the
depth and clear image of a blurred image based on the light intensity
distribution law of the microscopic imaging system. First, based on
the diffraction characteristics of the light in the circular stable
cavity, the light intensity distribution function on the imaging plane
of the imaging system is established, and the law of the light
intensity diffusion degree with the scene depth variation is obtained
by curve fitting, that is, the 3D blur degradation model of the
system. Secondly, the normalized blurring degree of blurred images
with different textures and different illuminations is calculated, and
the mapping relationship between the blurring degree of different
images and the light intensity diffusion degree of the system is
established with the depth change as the intermediate variable.
Thirdly, an adaptive spectral clustering method is introduced to
classify the blurred images, and the weighted K-nearest neighbor
method is used to automatically classify any blurred image and
calculate its normalized blurring degree value and the corresponding
system energy diffusion value. Based on the 3D blur degradation model
and the normalized blurring degree, the depth calculation of the
blurred image and the reconstruction of the clear image are realized
simultaneously. The precision of the method proposed in this paper is
verified by various standard nano-scale grid images and various real
biological tissue samples.
Raman scattering impairments caused by 50G-PON introduction and mitigation techniques
Authors: Simon Gaël , Pichard Lise , Saliou Fabienne , Potet Jérémy , Chevalier Dylan , Chanclou Philippe
Published: November 2024

We explore the impact of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the context of multiple PON generations sharing the same optical distribution network. The 50G-PON, being the last specified ITU-T PON, imposes the use of high launch power to meet strong optical path loss requirements. We show that the XGS-PON upstream could be the first victim of the introduction of 50G-PON since its wavelength spacing maximizes Raman scattering. We exploit a model to describe both in simulation and experiment the SRS-induced depletion on XGS-PON. Assuming that 50G-PON will be deployed on the current passive infrastructure, we also exploit field data to precisely predict the amount of terminations exceeding the requirements. The results show that up to 1.8 dB can be lost on XGS-PON upstream signals, 1.3 dB on the 50G-PON upstream, and 0.5 dB on the G-PON upstream, over a distance of 20 km of fiber. Up to 3% of terminations may be affected, according to our field data exploitation. Improving the receivers’ sensitivity through either better photodiodes, signal processing, or forward error correction could relax the high launch power constraints, and thus the SRS. Deploying an optical splitter at the central office could also limit the power actually launched into the fiber while meeting high split ratios. Finally, decreasing the 50G-PON downstream wavelength seems a possible option to mitigate the Raman scattering.
Controlling MMIT, Fano resonance, and slow/fast light in a magnomechanical system with an optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Amghar M’bark , Chabar Noura , Amazioug Mohamed
Published: November 2024

We study the slow-fast light effect and multi-transparency induced by magnomechanical systems. The system incorporates two magnons, which are collective magnetic excitations, placed alongside a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) within a cavity. The interaction between phonons, magnons, and light inside the cavity leads to two phenomena: magnomechanically induced transparency (MMIT) and magnon-induced transparency (MIT). We show how an OPA alters the absorption and dispersion characteristics of the light spectrum. The observation of the Fano resonance through magnon-mechanical coupling with the degenerate OPA is discussed. Through tuning vibration interactions and the OPA, we achieve the improvement of slow light. We hope that our findings can pave the way for advancements in quantum information processing.
Non-monotonic dependence of the radiation line width on pumping in a phonon laser
Authors: Mukhamedyanov Artem R. , Andrianov Evgeny S. , Zyablovsky Alexander A.
Published: November 2024

A phonon laser is an important device that can generate coherent sound waves at gigahertz frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate that in a phonon laser, the radiation line width can depend on the pumping non-monotonically. This is because there are two different types of solutions whose spectra depend differently on the noise amplitude. The first solution is a zero solution, which is stable before the generation threshold and is nondegenerate. The second solution is a nonzero solution, which is stable above the generation threshold and is degenerate with respect to the phase. The line width of peaks in the spectrum of the zero solution does not depend on the noise amplitude, while the line width of the peak in the spectrum of the nonzero solution increases with increasing noise amplitude. The noise amplitude increases with temperature, and as a result, there is a temperature above which the transition from the zero solution to the nonzero solution leads to an increase in the radiation line width. In this case, the radiation line width depends non-monotonically on the pumping.
Topology optimization of metagratings using the advanced slime mold algorithm combined with a gradient-based method: the chimera of uniqueness of the optimal solution
Authors: Edee K. , Granet G.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we discuss the use of a metaheuristic (MH) gradient-free optimization method, specifically, the slime mold algorithm (SMA), combined with a gradient-based method to topologically optimize metagratings. In the proposed method, the gradient-based optimization method is applied to a set of initial geometries with only a few iterations. Then, the resulting pre-refined set of designs is used to initialize an enhanced version of the SMA. At the end of each iteration, the gradient of the figure of merit is used again to generate two new individuals from the best current solution. The numerical results show that our approach outperforms the original SMA, the gradient-based method, and other state-of-the-art optimization methods.
Luminance calibration for DICOM GSDF
Authors: Lee Chulhee , Seok Donghun , Kim Munju , Ko Junesung , Kim Daewon , Kim Donguk , Jeon Jin , Lee Semi
Published: November 2024

Accurate image reproduction is important in display technologies. For instance, in medical imaging, correct image reproduction is essential to make accurate diagnoses and treatments. For this reason, the medical community has produced the DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) standard. In this paper, we propose a luminance (gray) calibration method in accordance with the DICOM standard. Theoretically, the proposed method would provide the optimal solution for the DICOM GSDF (grayscale standard display function), though it is not possible to implement the optimal solution due to the time variances of displays and light measuring devices. Experimental results show that the proposed calibration method provides excellent performance for gray calibration.
Multi-scale self attention based method for automatic defect detection in electroluminescent images of semiconductor laser chips
Authors: Wang Jue , Tian Feng , Xin Xiangjun , Zhou Jianwei , Zhang Qi , Tian Qinghua , Wang Fu , Luo Biao
Published: November 2024

As the pivotal element in optical transmission systems, the semiconductor laser holds paramount significance in enabling the next-generation of high-speed optical communication, characterized by cost-effectiveness, minimal power consumption, and unparalleled capacity. The occurrence of laser failure stemming from chip damage poses a significant constraint on coherent transmission performance, thereby necessitating a deeper exploration into the underlying damage mechanisms and the development of sophisticated damage detection methodologies. This endeavor is crucial not only to preemptively prevent damage but also to streamline the process of subsequent repair, ensuring the seamless operation and advancement of optical communication technologies. Efficient recognition and precise localization of catastrophic optical damage (COD) defects are crucial steps in advancing laser chip manufacturing, significantly enhancing chip lifetime and output power. Traditional manual methods are often subjective, labor-intensive, and heavily reliant on human judgment, which can be time-consuming. Machine learning-based approaches have shown promise in COD defect detection, demonstrating superior performance compared to manual methods. However, these methods still face challenges in accurately detecting tiny, irregular, and weak texture defects. To address the aforementioned issues, in this paper, we proposed an innovative damage detection network and built a COD segmentation dataset based on electroluminescence images. A feature aggregation and enhancement module (FAEM) based on convolutions of various sizes is introduced before the encoder to capture diverse features effectively. A contextual semantic features acquisition module (CSFAM) consisting of dilated convolutions with multiscale expansion rates and pooling layers with various sizes of pooling kernels is introduced between the encoder end decoder to encode global contextual information while preserving spatial details. Furthermore, self-attention modules are also introduced to capture the channel and spatial relationships, facilitating better fusion of the COD features across different scales and resolutions. The experimental results show that the proposed network in this paper achieves an accuracy value of 99.881, a Dice score of 85.838, and a Re value of 88.653 on the COD dataset. These metrics surpass those of sophisticated segmentation methods such as DenseASPP and DeeplabV3, highlighting the robust performance of our approach in detecting and segmenting COD defects accurately.
Saddle point analysis on selective enhancement of high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Jiao Zhi-hong , Ma Tian-xiang , Zhang Sheng , Du Jin-xu , Wang Guo-li , Zhao Song-feng
Published: November 2024

We theoretically demonstrate control of selective enhancement of the near-cutoff odd order harmonic generation by dual-color chirped laser field. The sharp enhancements of a single harmonic order ranging from H37 to H59 (λ
h
=21.6nm-13.5nm) are achieved by adjusting the intensity of the fundamental frequency field. The saddle point method is applied to the analysis of high-order harmonic generation using the distorted-waveform laser field. A series of orbits of principal contribution to enhancement are extracted using the saddle point method, and the enhancement of the key orbits’ interference is reconstructed by quantum orbital theory. Through the analysis of the interference mechanism of enhancement, we give a full explanation of the dependence of enhanced harmonic order on laser intensity.
Index modulation multiple access-aided multi-user VLC for Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Zeng Zhihong , Du Yuhan , Qian Yangping , Liu Min , Chen Chen
Published: November 2024

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) focused on healthcare, plays a vital role in enabling continuous monitoring of various medical activities. To address the increasing need for smart medical device connectivity, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising solution. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a multi-user VLC system using an index modulation multiple access (IMMA) scheme tailored for IoMT. By addressing the diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements of different users, the IMMA scheme transmits data for low-speed users via index symbols and for high-speed users via constellation symbols, while significantly reducing the receiver’s computational complexity compared to successive interference cancellation (SIC) in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The effectiveness of the IMMA scheme has been validated through both simulations and hardware experiments, with bit error rate (BER) performance compared against orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and under varying user separations. Experimental results show that the IMMA scheme outperforms the benchmark schemes and achieves significant distance extensions in a two-user VLC system.
Fabrication-aware inverse design with shape optimization for photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Raza Shaheer , Hammood Mustafa , Jaeger Nicolas A. F. , Chrostowski Lukas
Published: November 2024

Inverse design (ID) is a computational method that systematically explores a design space to find optimal device geometries based on specific performance criteria. In silicon photonics, ID often generates design features that degrade significantly due to the fabrication process, limiting the applicability of these devices in scalable fabrication. We demonstrate a solution to this performance degradation through fabrication-aware inverse design (FAID), integrating lithography models for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography and electron-beam lithography (EBL) into the shape optimization approach of ID. A Y-branch and a subwavelength grating (SWG)-to-strip converter were generated and fabricated with this new, to the best of our knowledge, approach. Simulation and measurement results verify that FAID yields devices with up to 0.7 dB lower insertion loss per device. The modified workflow enables designers to use ID to generate devices that adjust for process bias predicted by lithography models.
Solitons in composite linear–nonlinear moiré lattices
Authors: Zeng Liangwei , Malomed Boris A. , Mihalache Dumitru , Li Jingzhen , Zhu Xing
Published: November 2024

We produce families of two-dimensional gap solitons (GSs) maintained by moiré lattices (MLs) composed of linear and nonlinear sublattices, with the defocusing sign of the nonlinearity. Depending on the angle between the sublattices, the ML may be quasiperiodic or periodic, composed of mutually incommensurate or commensurate sublattices, respectively (in the latter case, the inter-lattice angle corresponds to Pythagorean triples). The GSs include fundamental, quadrupole, and octupole solitons, as well as quadrupoles and octupoles carrying unitary vorticity. Stability segments of the GS families are identified by means of the linearized equation for small perturbations, and confirmed by direct simulations of perturbed evolution.
Dispersion-engineered InGaAsP/InP waveguide for high efficiency all-optical on-chip wavelength conversion
Authors: Lv Guannan , Sun Tianyu , Fu Xiuhua , Xing Zheng , Guo Yujun , Ren Jianhua , Zhang Baoshun , Jiang Huilin
Published: November 2024

InGaAsP/InP waveguide platform offers superiority for all-optical on-chip wavelength conversion due to strong optical nonlinearity. However, a small refractive index difference between the core and cladding makes it challenging to achieve sufficient structural dispersion for phase matching. In this work, the InGaAsP multilayer waveguide and the SiN-cladded InGaAsP waveguide are investigated for optimized wavelength conversion at telecom wavelengths. Structural dispersion is effectively engineered through the incorporation of additional slot layers and a heterogeneous passivation layer. Through comparative analysis, the wavelength conversion efficiency of -4.7 dB is achieved by the SiN-cladded waveguide, which shows an improvement of 22 dB compared to traditional nanowire waveguide.
Computationally-driven discovery of second harmonic generation in EuBa3(B3O6)3 through inversion symmetry breaking: erratum
Authors: He Jingyang , Alaerts Louis , Wang Yu , Trinquet Victor , Yoshida Suguru , Yennawar Hemant , Sanni Victor , Claes Romain , Katzbaer Rowan , Krysko Evan , Sarker Saugata , Schaak Raymond E. , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Hautier Geoffroy , Mao Zhiqiang , Gopalan Venkatraman
Published: November 2024

We present an erratum to our publication [Opt. Mater. Express 13, 3416 (2023)10.1364/OME.497727]. This erratum addresses a few errors in an equation, a figure panel, and the main text.
Supercontinuum generation in high-index doped silica photonic integrated circuits under diverse pumping settings
Authors: khallouf charbel , HOANG V. T. V. T. , FANJOUX Gil , Little Brent , Chu Sai Tak , Moss David , Morandotti Roberto , Dudley John , Wetzel Benjamin , Sylvestre Thibaut
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in supercontinuum light generation have been remarkable, particularly in the context of highly nonlinear photonic integrated waveguides. In this study, we thoroughly investigate supercontinuum (SC) generation in high-index doped silica glass integrated waveguides, exploring various femtosecond pumping wavelengths and input polarization states. We demonstrate broadband SC generation spanning from 700 nm to 2400 nm when pumping within the anomalous dispersion regime at 1200 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm. In contrast, pumping within the normal dispersion regime at 1000 nm results in narrower SC spectra, primarily due to coherent nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking. Additionally, we examine the impact of TE/TM polarization modes on SC generation, shedding light on the polarization-dependent characteristics of the broadening process. Moreover, Raman scattering measurements reveal the emergence of two new peaks at 48.8 THz and 75.1 THz in the Raman gain curve. Our experimental results are supported by numerical simulations based on a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation that incorporates the new Raman gain contribution. Finally, relative intensity noise measurements conducted using the dispersive Fourier transform technique indicate excellent stability of the generated SC spectra.