bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A APRENDIZAGEM DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA ESCRITA EM CONTEXTO DE DIVERSIDADE LINGUÍSTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Souza Janaína Moreira Pacheco , Senna Luiz Antonio Gomes
Published: December 2020

A diversidade linguística na escola básica brasileira é uma realidade ainda pouco explorada nas experiências de formação docente. Em face disto, alunos que não têm o Português como língua materna encontram-se ordinariamente em situação de risco de fracasso ou evasão. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a relação entre os processos de desenvolvimento da língua portuguesa escrita na escola para alunos que não a têm como língua materna, a postura pedagógica do professor enquanto mediador deste processo e uma formação acadêmica que compreenda essa realidade. Apresenta-se uma resenha crítica dos estudos de Berger (2015), Souza (2014), Silva e Tristoni (2012), Pires-Santos (2004) e Dalinghaus (2009), os quais trazem à tona cenários adversos relativos ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de imigrantes matriculados nas escolas situadas em regiões de fronteira no Brasil. Em seguida, analisam-se as contribuições de Senna (2008) e Meyer (2016), com vistas a embasar discussões sobre a necessidade de ajustamento dos processos de ensino, visando a romper paradigmas e garantir possibilidades de inclusão escolar de sujeitos em condição de diversidade linguística e cultural.
CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA REALIZADA NA BIBLIOTECA DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Pinto Sabrine Lino , Vermelho Sônia Cristina Soares Dias
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta aspectos de uma pesquisa em nível de doutorado, cujo tema foi o uso da biblioteca escolar numa escola localizada em um território vulnerabilizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo foi analisar as potencialidades e as mediações pedagógicas de atividades realizadas no espaço da biblioteca, articulando o contexto mais amplo da escola com as atividades em sala de aula em prol de uma educação e formação críticas. Foi um estudo qualitativo fundamentado na pesquisa participante, no qual, além da observação, para as considerações apresentadas nesse artigo, são apresentados os dados coletados no Grupo Focal. Os resultados, tomando como base a experiência e as discussões do Grupo Focal, indicaram que os sujeitos (professores e gestores) consideram importante a existência e o uso da biblioteca na educação básica, assim como consideraram que a escola deveria investir e procurar estratégias para incorporar a literatura e o uso da biblioteca na articulação dos conteúdos curriculares de algumas disciplinas e de estabelecer, em definitivo, um mediador no espaço para auxiliar os alunos e professores.
ERA DA WEB SOCIAL E NOVOS CENÁRIOS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Macário Maria João , Sá Cristina Manuela
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer um ponto de partida para uma reflexão sobre os mais recentes cenários educacionais promovidos pela era da web social. De onde partimos quando queremos aprofundar conhecimento sobre este tema? Neste artigo, propomo-nos proceder a uma revisão de literatura. Começaremos por procurar uma clarificação do conceito de web social, para, de seguida, nos focarmos no seu papel no campo da Educação, particularmente, no Ensino Superior, centrando-nos depois nas comunidades emergentes que surgem nesses contextos educacionais.
Feiras de Matemática: a exteriorização da Educação Matemática Crítica a partir dos alunos expositores
Authors: Civiero Paula Andrea Grawieski , Leite Guerra Lucas , Selli Melz Elisângela Regina , Peres Zago de Oliveira Fátima
Published: December 2020

Procurou-se, neste trabalho, investigar, em primeiro lugar, a especificidade crítica nas Feiras de Matemática (FM), de tal modo que essa especificidade fosse contrastada com a matemática em ação, transversalmente a Skovsmose (2014); e, em segundo lugar, identificar se realmente há coerência entre os diferentes pontos de representação advinda do interior da FM. Imbuídos dos princípios da pesquisa qualitativa, analisamos os conjuntos de enunciação, com a cautela prevista na concepção de discurso formulada por Foucault (2014). Categorizamos tais conjuntos ou como relativamente próximo ou como relativamente distante ao grupo conceitual que rege a Educação Matemática Crítica (EMC). As discussões fomentadas, nesse trabalho, mostraram-nos que há certa aproximação dos trabalhos das FM com a EMC. Portanto, é preciso implementar e fortalecer, nas formações de professores, a dimensão crítica fundada no interior da FM.
O perigo de uma história única para o autismo
Authors: Gaviolli Íria Bonfim
Published: December 2020

O presente texto tem por finalidade colocar em evidência o perigo de uma história única para o autismo. Para isso, organizamos o texto em quatro momentos: no primeiro, recorremos a uma psiquiatra francesa, Marian Leboyer, que nos ajuda a contar como o autismo chegou ao Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM), conhecido como a bíblia da psiquiatria; no segundo momento, também recorremos a uma psiquiatra francesa, Marie-Claude Thomas, que nos apresenta como os referenciais teóricos de Leo Kanner, conhecido como o “descobridor” do autismo, influenciaram seus estudos acerca do “fenômeno do autismo”; no terceiro momento, apresentamos algumas das implicações ao se considerar uma única versão para uma história; finalmente, no quarto momento, expomos nossas considerações iniciais acerca do perigo de uma história única para o autismo no âmbito da Educação Matemática e destacamos, como um dos nossos interesses, a suspeição de uma norma a respeito do autismo.
Alguns Movimentos para Tornar-se Professor/a de Matemática: um olhar a partir de memoriais de formação
Authors: Marinho Cruz Lilian de Campos , Feliciano de Lima Luciano , Araújo Barros Roseli
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho objetiva analisar memoriais de formação escritos por licenciandos/as em Matemática para refletir como percebem sua constituição enquanto professores/as. Os memoriais foram produzidos em uma disciplina de Licenciatura em Matemática em uma unidade universitária no interior do estado de Goiás, em 2018. Quinze licenciandos/as foram convidados/as a refletir, individualmente, por meio da escrita, sobre os percursos trilhados até a opção pela docência. Após a leitura dos memoriais, cinco foram selecionados e analisados para a produção deste texto. Na análise do material, adota-se uma metodologia de pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, tomando como instrumento interpretativo das informações a Análise de Conteúdo. A leitura e a releitura do material foram organizadas em três categorias, assim como refletidas à luz da literatura sobre desenvolvimento profissional de professores de Matemática. Da análise emergiram as unidades temáticas: (i) professores como influências positivas; (ii) escolha consciente pelo curso de Matemática; e, (iii) ampliando horizontes do ser professor. Trazer à memória elementos considerados constituidores da formação pessoal é um processo reflexivo importante a ser estimulado durante o desenvolvimento profissional do/a docente e contribui para se pensar sobre a ação de aprender e fazer paralelos sobre o ato de ensinar, favorecendo a construção de uma subjetividade profissional mais autônoma, centrada na produção de conhecimento sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Uma História sobre o Primeiro Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, em Uberaba-MG
Authors: Marin Douglas , Baraldi Ivete Maria
Published: December 2020

Tem-se como objetivo mostrar compreensões tecidas sobre os cenários em torno do primeiro curso, em nível superior, para o professor lecionar Matemática em Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Mobilizamos como metodologia de pesquisa a História Oral, tal qual a concebemos e praticamos no Grupo de Pesquisa História Oral e Educação Matemática – Ghoem. Os procedimentos metodológicos possibilitaram criar narrativas dos sujeitos que viveram e experienciaram processos distintos, mas relacionados aos cenários mencionados anteriormente. Além das fontes orais foram utilizadas outras fontes, acessadas em arquivos públicos e privados, e outros trabalhos que nos ajudaram a elaborar as compreensões aqui mostradas. Para atingir nosso objetivo, apresentamos uma narrativa apontando os enlaces históricos, à época, para a constituição do ensino superior, os movimentos das instituições que abrigaram o primeiro curso de Licenciatura em Matemática e aspectos sobre o curso em foco.
Uma análise de representações semióticas no estudo de sequências numéricas com alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Da Silva Julião Giovana , Matesco Cristovão Eliane , Oliveira Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2020

Este texto contempla em seu conteúdo a vivência de uma licencianda em contexto de Estágio Supervisionado. Mais especificamente, um relato de atividade de pesquisa através da análise da produção escrita de alunos de uma turma de primeira série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, envolvidos na resolução de duas tarefas sobre sequências numéricas. Com base nas contribuições da teoria dos registros de representação semiótica de Raymond Duval, o planejamento das duas tarefas e sua abordagem em sala de aula, numa parceria entre o professor e a estagiária acolhida em suas aulas de matemática, levou em conta a multiplicidade e coordenação de diferentes registros. O delineamento metodológico da pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa e a análise do material documental (atividades matemáticas dos alunos) permitiu abordar as atividades cognitivas de tratamento e conversão, além da análise dos critérios de congruência semântica. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram a necessidade de produção de significados para a atividade de tratamento e no caso da conversão, a relação do custo cognitivo em decorrência da não conservação de critérios de congruência.
As Diferentes Concepções de Lógica de um grupo de Professores de Matemática no Ensino Médio
Authors: Ribeiro Alessandro Pinto
Published: December 2020

RESUMO

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, que teve por objetivo geral compreender as concepções de Lógica de um grupo de professores de Matemática do Ensino Médio. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 6 professores de matemática, atuantes no ensino médio, em escolas da rede estadual e da rede privada de ensino, do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A análise de dados foi feita por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), de Moraes e Galiazzi (2011), desenvolvida em três etapas: a desmontagem de textos ou unitarização; o estabelecimento de relações entre os elementos ou categorização e a captação do novo emergente, que é a expressão das compreensões. A ATD representa uma interpretação hermenêutica de dados e está inserida entre a análise de conteúdo e a análise de discurso. Evidenciou-se que para este grupo de professores a Lógica é a construção de uma argumentação sólida, com pensamentos coerentes, bem estruturados, de modo que possamos inferir sobre premissas, conceitos, situações-problema e a realidade, podendo modificá-las de modo consciente, baseada na razão, determinando a sua validade ou falsidade.
El profesor de matemáticas en formación: discutiendo los motivos de la actividad pedagógica
Authors: Cedro Wellington Lima
Published: December 2020

Este artículo discute el proceso de transformación y/o creación de los motivos en la actividad de aprendizaje de los futuros licenciados en Ciencias Matemáticas durante el desarrollo de la pasantía supervisada. El texto, apoyado principalmente en la perspectiva histórico-cultural, destaca la actividad y su relación con los motivos, aborda la relación entre la actividad de enseñanza y la actividad de aprendizaje como un componente estructurador de la práctica docente y, además, como elemento de mediación en el proceso de apropiación del conocimiento humano. Este trabajo adoptó como metodología el experimento formativo, que se desarrolló con tres profesores en formación inicial en una universidad pública brasileña. El principal resultado de esta investigación indica que el proceso de formación del profesor solamente permitirá descubrir el real sentido del trabajo docente, a partir del momento en que se inserte en una propuesta educativa humanista, que supere el carácter alienante de los modelos actuales de formación de profesores.
A History of Instructional Media, Instructional Design, and Theories
Authors: An Yunjo
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the history of the instructional design and technology field in four major time periods: (1) 1900s – 1930s, (2) World War II – 1970s, (3) 1980s – 1990s, and (4) 21st century. Since the 20th century has been discussed in detail in earlier works, this paper puts more focus on the 21st century section, which includes discussions of social media, online and blended learning, mobile learning, the open educational resource (OER) movement, massive open online courses (MOOCs), virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), digital game-based learning (DGBL), gamification, the maker movement, new instructional design process models, and instructional-design theory. While previous discussions of the history of the field focused on the history of instructional media and instructional design and the evolution of learning theories, this paper includes the discussion of the evolution of instructional-design theories and models, which have received relatively less attention.
Analysis of Digital Literacy Self-Efficacy Levels of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Aslan Serkan
Published: December 2020

This research attempts to analyze the pre-service teachers’ digital literacy self-efficacy in terms of various variables. The research used descriptive survey model, one of the survey models. The participants of the research consisted of 251 pre-service teachers learning at the departments of classroom teaching and social sciences teaching at a state university in Turkey. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. The research employed Personal Information Form and Digital Literacy Self-Efficacy Scale as data collection tools. Descriptive statistical, t-test, one-way analysis of variance were used during data analysis. The research results revealed that the pre-service teachers’ digital literacy self-efficacy levels significantly differed across their gender, department, the presence of computer and internet at home; whereas, no significant difference was identified across the pre-service teachers’ digital literacy self-efficacy levels in terms of their class level, university entrance score type and the purposes of using technology.
The Effects of an Online Teaching Material Integrated Methods on Students’ Science Achievement, Attitude and Retention
Authors: Yılmaz Emre , Korur Fikret
Published: December 2020

This 2-group quasi-experimental study was conducted to explore the following research questions: Do the fourth graders’ post-intervention scores achieved in the unit of force and motion achievement test and attitude scale toward the unit depend on being in the groups that were taught the unit either with ‘Online Advance Organizer Concept Teaching Material’ (ONACOM) integrated PBL and with ONACOM-integrated EL when we control for their respective pretest scores and their science grades in the previous semester? What are the students’ gains, achievement, attitude and retention from the two systematic applications of the ONACOM-integrated methods, PBL and EL? The sample (N=220) consisted of fourth graders at public elementary schools in Burdur, Turkey. Although there were no significant treatment effects favoring one of the methods, teaching science topics by integrating ONACOM consistently in both methods increased the students’ achievement and attitude levels and supported their knowledge retention with large effect sizes significantly. As a well-developed innovative software, ONACOM is effective on learning regardless of the course and method when it is systematically integrated into teaching methods, since it is prepared on the basis of multimedia learning strategies and is suitable for the essential structures of both teaching methods.
YAPAY ZEKÂ VE HAKSIZ FİİL HUKUKU
Authors: BENLİ Erman , ŞENEL Gayenur
Published: December 2020

Yapay zekâ teknolojisi gün geçtikçe ilerlemekte ve farklı seviyelerde yapay zekâlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, yapay zekâ teknolojisine dair literatürde genel kabul gören dört tip yapay zekâ esas alınmıştır. Yapay zekâlar, insanlığa büyük faydalar sağladığı gibi, ciddi zarar risklerini de içermektedir. Bu risklerden biri de, yapay zekâların sebebiyet verdiği zararlar ve bu zararlardan doğan haksız fiil sorumluluğudur. Türk hukukunda, yapay zekâlar özelinde bir kanuni düzenleme olmadığı gibi, yapay zekâların sebebiyet verdiği zararlar ve bu zararlardan doğan haksız fiil sorumluluğuna ilişkin olarak da herhangi bir özel düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum, yapay zekâların teknolojik ve sektörel kullanım çeşitliliği dikkate alındığında önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Yapay zekâların sebebiyet verdiği zararlar ve bu zararlardan doğan haksız fiil sorumluluğunda özel düzenleme olmaması, 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu ve diğer kanunlardaki haksız fiil düzenlemelerine başvurmayı gerektirmekte olup, söz konusu düzenlemelerin yapay zekâların özgün koşullarına uygulanmaya elverişli olmadığı düşüncesindeyiz. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada, yapay zekâların özgün koşullarını göz önünde bulundurabilecek düzenleme önerileri getirilmekte ve bu öneriler haksız fiil hukukuna yönelik olarak kusur ve kusursuz sorumluluk temelinde oluşturulmaktadır. Çalışmamız, hem yürürlükteki hukuk hem de olması gereken hukuk yönlerinden değerlendirme ve önerileri içermektedir.
Online Teaching of Rural Multi-Grade Classes in the Context of COVID-19: Proposing a Holistic Approach
Authors: Feizi Farokh , Bakhtiarvand Morteza
Published: December 2020

This study addresses the educational challenges faced by students in rural multi-grade classes in the context of the global epidemic of Covid 19. Rural students in this course face unprecedented challenges in trying to adapt to a new way of life and learning. This study was conducted with the aim of creating a better future for these students and in line with critical research of the current situation. In order to collect data, participatory action research method was used. A total of 12 students from elementary multi-grade classes (fourth, fifth and sixth grades) and 6 teachers participated in this study. This study answers two key questions: What are the learning challenges for rural learners during Covid 19? How can their teaching and learning be enhanced? The results showed that while our education decision-making system promoted online learning as the only alternative at the time, many rural students were deprived of teaching and learning. This is due to reasons such as lack of hardware resources for Internet connection, lack of Internet network coverage in many villages, poor learning management system, economic poverty, heavy financial cost of Internet use, weakness or lack of necessary technological knowledge in some Rural teachers, the lack of Internet cafes in rural areas, the lack of fixed ADSL Internet in rural areas, has not been able to meet the educational needs of rural students.
The Difference in Academic Performance of Private and Public Elementary School Graduates
Authors: Bernal Jr. Hernando L. , Gumaru Renz Chester , Oleo Sammy T.
Published: December 2020

The study is about the difference of Private and Public elementary school graduates. The type of elementary school in which a person graduated from is a factor that can affect their future academic performance; it can also be a factor for schools in choosing which student to accept in their community. It also test and shows the quality of the teachers in both types of school.

The researchers conducted the study to verify if there was an actual difference on the academic performance of the graduates on each of the two types of elementary school. The researchers believe that the results of this study will be beneficial to a lot of people especially students and teachers. The researchers collected, compared, and interpret the grades of students of both public school graduates and private school graduates. The gathered data are test using different statistical tools and formulas. This study found out that there is a significant difference between public school graduates and private school graduates in terms of academic performance.
Developing ESP Blended Learning for Academic Purposes of Course Materials for Students of English Education Study Program at Languages and Arts Faculty, Universitas Negeri Medan
Authors: Dewi Nora Ronita , Siregar Masitowarni , Saragih Anggraini Thesisia
Published: December 2020

Industrial Revolution 4.0 has influenced many sectors, which are now a lot changes entering to human life by the presence of information technology.The use of power and data in the massive digital technology has become unlimited caused by its development at this present time. This study is aimed at developing the appropriate blended course materials of English for Specific Purposes for students of English Education Study Program, Languages and Arts Faculty, Universitas Negeri Medan. This study is focused on ESP Blended Learning Course Materials for Students of Seventh Semester of English Education Study Program. Research and Development (R & D) design is applied through six stages, there are 1). collecting information and data, 2). data analysis, 3). new materials design based on the needs analysis, 4). experts validation, 5). new material revision, and 6). final product. The instruments of collecting data are by applying two strategies: interview and questionnaires. The results show that the materials used in the 7th semester of English Education Study Program is developed through the implementation of the R&D simplification. The response of questionnaires signified low standard for the students after being analyzed. This results of the study developed ESP Blended Learning Course materials which focused on the following materials: Models and Teaching Strategies in ESP; Language Features: Linguistics and Grammar; Language Skills (Listening, Reading, Speaking, and Writing); Genre Text in ESP (Descriptive Text, Procedure Text, Analytical Exposition Text, and Argumentative Text).
A New Perspective: The Implication of Chaos/Complexity Theory in Language through Dichotomies
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Maibodi Ashraf , Natsir Muhammad
Published: December 2020

This study opens different points of view at chaos/complexity theory (C/CT) which is still a new theory in second language acquisition. Pro. Larsen-Freeman and her colleagues considered a variety of characteristics, C/CT is known as nonlinear dynamics or dynamical system theory that provides a framework for thinking about change over time. Scientists claim that one can see not only the laws of chaos but also those of order, through which a strong explanation for how any collection of components will organize itself and it can be generated in dichotomies. They attempt to rationalize the behavior of large and complex systems, believing they cannot be explained by usual rules of nature
Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewenangan Lembaga Negara Independen di Indonesia
Authors: Iswandi Kelik , Prasetyoningsih Nanik
Published: December 2020

Competence dispute which involves independent state organs occur several times in Indonesia has an impact on obstruction of competence. Several cases of competence dispute which involve independent state organ have been submitted to the Constitutional Court but not all have been granted. This study aims to examined the concern of competence dispute which involves independent state organ and factors of independent state organ can fulfill the subjectum litis criteria of SKLN in Constitutional Court. The research method is normative by using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, collected from library research. This research analytical data use the statute approach and case approach. The results of this study indicate that the authority of the Constitutional Court does not specifically regulate state institutions that can be subjectum Litis SKLN in the Constitutional Court, there is a gap accommodated by the Constitutional Court in several decisions.
Replica of Sink Ability Test with Beeker Test
Authors: Pagolu Sreenivasa Rao
Published: December 2020

The sink-ability test is to be carried out frequently for the pellets made during winter season, since surface tension of water during low temperature is high. Pellets have to break surface tension to sink into the water. This test will be carried out morning hours at around 6:00 Am at ponds. During every startup of production or during new formulation, this test is mandatory. Normally ponds are away from factory, carrying out of this test is became a big issue to the quality control team to confirm the sink ability. This is to be made easy by making replica of pond test.
Öğretmenlik mesleğinin bir kadın mesleğine dönüşmesinin yaratabileceği sorunlara yönelik öğretmen adaylarının geliştirdikleri çözüm önerileri
Authors: ERGİNER Aysun , SAKLAN Emine
Published: December 2020

Öğretmenlik mesleği cinsiyet dengesi bakımından incelendiğinde, giderek artan sayıda kadının erkeklere göre sayısal çoğunluğu oluşturduğu bir meslek haline geldiği görülmektedir. Öğretmen yetiştiren bazı bölümlerde erkek öğrenci sayıları neredeyse yok denecek kadar azalmakta, öğretmenlik mesleği bir kadın mesleğine dönüşme görünümü sergilemektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyetlerine göre öğretmenlik mesleğinin kadınsılaşmasına yönelik çözüm önerilerinin neler olabileceğinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma betimlemeye dayalı nitel bir araştırma olup, olgubilim desenine göre planlanmıştır. Araştırmada amaçsal örnekleme yönteminden tipik durum örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi ile Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi “Temel Eğitim, Türkçe ve Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi, Yabancı Diller, Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi, Eğitim Bilimleri ve Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi” bölümlerine devam eden 1., 2., 3. ve 4. sınıf öğretmen adayları oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında ise yarı yapılandırılmış bir form üzerinde öğretmen adaylarıyla görüşme yapılmıştır. Öğretmen adayları ile görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda eğitim fakültelerindeki pek çok bölümde erkek öğretmen adaylarının sayıca azalmasının, hem kadın hem de erkek öğretmen adaylarını rahatsız ettiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu öğretmenlik mesleğinin bir kadın mesleği olduğu yargısına karşı çıkmaktadırlar. Adaylar bu konuda hem eğitim fakültelerine hem de YÖK’e önemli sorumluluklar yüklemişler ve bazı konularda çalışmalar yapılmasına yönelik öneriler getirmişlerdir.
Personne
Authors: Poirier Sylvie
Published: December 2020

Depuis le texte fondateur de Mauss, la notion de personne est un thème phare de la discipline anthropologique. Les conceptions locales de la personne confèrent une identité, un rôle, un statut et une agentivité et influent sur les pratiques locales de socialité et de subjectivité. Dans certaines ontologies, elles incluent des personnes autres qu’humaines.
Luxe
Authors: Abélès Marc
Published: December 2020

Le luxe reflète l’effort permanent de l’humain pour s’émanciper de la sphère du besoin, tout en stimulant l’innovation dans les styles de consommation et les formes de vie. Plus qu’un simple artefact, l’objet précieux porte en lui une part d’immatériel ; il condense un ensemble d’univers de sens et de relations.
Politiques anthropologiques transnationales
Authors: Lins Ribeiro Gustavo
Published: December 2020

La politique transnationale anthropologique a une longue histoire et un grand nombre de participants situés dans différents pays. Cette entrée offre un aperçu de ce champ social, politique, culturel, linguistique et interactionnel complexe à travers la construction de réseaux transnationaux et de plusieurs initiatives menées par les anthropologues à l’échelle mondiale.
Émeutes
Authors: Bertho Alain
Published: December 2020

L’émeute est-elle « innommable » ? Constituant un terrain d’affrontement sémantique, l’émeute surgit toujours quand les catégories courantes qui structurent l’espace public sont mises à l’épreuve d’une recherche de nouveaux répertoires d’action et d’interlocution. Cette entrée propose une analyse lexicale et contemporaine de l’émeute à travers différents événements contestataires du 21ème siècle.
Bureaucratie
Authors: Autes Erwan
Published: December 2020

Les anthropologies de la bureaucratie apportent une analyse spécifique de ce phénomène, en étudiant les perturbations sociales que son opacité génère. Elles s’extirpent des impasses analytiques abstraites et des rhétoriques conservatrices antibureaucratiques en instaurant un rapport méthodologique situant la bureaucratie comme un objet d’enquête.
Nouvelles épidémies
Authors: Keck Frederic
Published: December 2020

The transformation of relationships between humans and environments is the root cause of new epidemics, thus forcing public health authorities to reorganize themselves for the prevention of diseases against which treatments or vaccines are ineffective. The avian influenza and SARS crises have played a role in this shift for global health. They have led governments to invest in pandemic preparedness while monitoring pathogen mutations in the environment.
Culture sourde
Authors: Gaucher Charles
Published: December 2020

Depuis les années 1980, nombre d’auteurs ont fait état d’une très forte endogamie entre personnes sourdes, de faits historiques propres à la communauté sourde, mais surtout, de langues propres à ce groupe singulier qui se nomment eux-mêmes les Sourds. Ces constats ont donné naissance à l’idée d’une culture proprement sourde, culture qui sera l’objet dans cet article d’un essai de définition à partir des principaux travaux ayant fait usage du concept.
Principe de charité
Authors: Wagner Henri
Published: December 2020

D’origine philosophique, le principe de charité consiste en la position d’un sens commun universel, « plus petit dénominateur commun » rendant compte de la possibilité de la compréhension et de la communication comme de la traduction. L’article revient sur ses usages et sa portée anthropologiques ainsi que sur les critiques qui en ont été formulées.
Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource
Authors: Semmens Kenneth J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract.—Detailed knowledge of the life history of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula is a relatively recent scientific chapter. The foundation was initially established in Missouri, where there was a significant sport fishery for Paddlefish; initial observations on natural spawning and subsequent techniques for artificial propagation were developed there. Building on this impetus, a different trajectory was initiated in the late 1970s by our research group, one focusing on aquaculture with a goal of developing a breeding program to produce all-female progeny; our collaboration continued over the next three and one-half decades. Managed reproduction through artificial propagation, nursing of juveniles and grow-out for commercial production were components of this program, but more detailed techniques such as ploidy manipulation, sperm physiology, and cryopreservation were also developed. Our present objective is to highlight the improvements in artificial propagation that have been incorporated into hatchery programs. Initially, ovulation was induced with pituitary glands, but today Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone analog (LHRHa) is used; ovulated eggs were collected by laboriously stripping, then a caesarian-section technique used in sturgeon was adopted, and subsequently the Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique (MIST) was introduced. Today, a Modified MIST technique offers a more efficient means of collecting eggs. Nursing of juveniles continues to evolve; primary nursing is now commonly done in tanks where fish may be offered live food during training to a prepared diet instead of starting culture in enriched ponds managed for zooplankton. The development of Paddlefish artificial propagation has benefitted from techniques which were initially developed and used in sturgeon culture. These operational hatchery techniques are common to both culture for restoration stocking and food fish production.
Structural Analysis of Steel Transmission Towers for Large River Crossing of Overhead Transmission Lines
Authors: Rechtman M. S. , Motta J. N. M. , Menezes A. , Da Silva J. G. S. , Longo O.
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the structural behavior of steel transmission towers used for large river crossings. Design standards usually applied to analyze these structures don’t consider situations in which the transmission towers are used in river crossings. In Brazil, due to the fact that it is necessary to cross large areas owing to the rivers’ size, these towers assume great heights. It should be noted that the towers can weigh up to 24,500kN and exceed 300m in height. The current study develops an analysis that surpasses the existing standard methodologies, aiming for a structural optimization compatible with vast crossings and new materials, aiming to resolve this design challenge regarding power transmission lines. To do this, a river crossing spanning 2,300m, situated in the northern region of Brazil, was studied based on the use of three different conductor configurations, electrically equivalent, commonly used wind design standards, and structural solutions utilizing tubular and angle profiles.
Genetic Algorithm based Optimization of Uniform Circular Array
Authors: Kumar V. , Dhull S. K.
Published: December 2020

Signal estimation at the antenna is a major challenge of the antenna array structure because the received signals have different directions. Therefore, in this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to the uniform circular array for the optimization of array structure in regard to its geometry. On the optimized array structure, four different algorithms (Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique – ESPRIT, First Order Forward Prediction - FOFP, Beamscan, and Multiple Signal Classification - MUSIC) have been implemented in order to estimate the signal direction accurately with quick estimation time. The accuracy has been calculated with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indices. From the experimental analysis, it has been found that the performance of the ESPRIT algorithm is better than the others in terms of accuracy and estimation time.
A Machine Learning Approach to Career Path Choice for Information Technology Graduates
Authors: Al-Dossari H. , Nughaymish F. A. , Al-Qahtani Z. , Alkahlifah M. , Alqahtani A.
Published: December 2020

Enterprises rely more and more on well-qualified and highly specialized IT professionals. Although the increasing availability of IT jobs is a good indicator for IT graduates, they nonetheless may find themselves confused about the most appropriate career for their future. In this paper, a recommendation system called CareerRec is proposed, which uses machine learning algorithms to help IT graduates select a career path based on their skills. CareerRec was trained and tested using a dataset of 2255 employees in the IT sector in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a performance comparison between five machine learning algorithms to assess their accuracy for predicting the best-suited career path among 3 classes. Our experiments demonstrate that the XGBoost algorithm outperforms other models and gives the highest accuracy (70.47%).
A Versatile Decentralized 3D Volumetric Fusion for On-line Reconstruction
Authors: Rajput A. , Hussain A. , Akhtar F. , Khand Z. H. , Magsi H.
Published: December 2020

Advancement in depth-sensing technology has allowed mobile robots to visualize the surrounding environment in 3D models. Regardless of the sensing technology (i.e. active, passive, or laser-based), a complete system that integrates recent depth data in previous 3D models in real-time is done by employing Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) algorithms followed by a 3D reconstruction engine. Unfortunately, both the SLAM algorithm and the 3D reconstruction engine are usually executed on a single computing device, making the whole system exceptionally costly and heavy and restricting the robot's mobility. This paper proposes a decentralized, modular reconstruction system capable of employing various sensors to facilitate online 3D reconstruction from a resource-limited mobile robot.
Trajectory Tracking Control Design of a Mass-Damping-Spring System with Uncertainty using the Bond Graph Approach
Authors: Dif I. , Kouzou A. , Benmahammed K. , Hafaifa A.
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the simulation, and design of a trajectory-tracking control law for a physical system under parameter uncertainty modeled by a bond graph. This control strategy is based on the inversion of the system through their causal Input/Output (I/O) path using the principle of bicausality to track the desired trajectory. The proposed control strategy is validated with the use of a simple mechanical mass-spring-damper system. The results show that the bond graph is a very helpful methodology for the design of control laws in the presence of uncertainties. This proposed control can be applied in several applications and can be improved to ensure robust control.
Optimal Speed Profile Determination with Fixed Trip Time in the Electric Train Operation of the Cat Linh-Ha Dong Metro Line based on Pontryagin's Maximum Principle
Authors: Anh T. T. T. A. , Quyen N. V.
Published: December 2020

The significant energy consumption for railway electric transportation operation poses a great challenge in outlining saving energy solutions. Speed profile optimization based on optimal control theory is one of the most common methods to improve energy efficiency without the railway infrastructure investment costs. The paper proposes an optimization method based on Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP), not only to find optimal switching points in three operation phases: accelerating, coasting, braking, and from these switching points being able to determine the optimal speed profile, but also to ensure fixed-trip time. In order to determine trip time abiding by the scheduled timetables by applying nonlinear programming puts the Lagrange multiplier λ in the objective function regarded as a time constraint condition. The correctness and energy effectiveness of this method have been verified by the simulation results with data collected from the electrified trains of the Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line in Vietnam. The saving energy levels are compared in three scenarios: electrified train operation tracking the original speed profile (energy consumption of the route: 144.64kWh), train operation tracking the optimal speed profile without fixed-trip time (energy consumption of the route: 129.18kWh), and train operation tracking the optimal speed profile and fixed trip time (energy consumption of the route: 132.99kWh) in an effort to give some useful choices for operating metro lines.
Radiation Shielding Properties Prediction of Barite used as Small Aggregate in Mortar
Authors: Vu H. Q. , Tran V. H. , Nguyen P. T. , Le N. T. H. , Le M. T.
Published: December 2020

Construction materials used in the nuclear industry used to be mainly heavy materials, including lead plates, radiation-resistant heavy concrete, etc. However, these materials are either toxic after a long time of use (lead) or difficult to construct (radiation-resistant heavy concrete) and their cost is rather high. Therefore, there is a need for the manufacturing of a new kind of material with good radiation resistance, which is light, easy to use, and costs less. Barium is less toxic and more cost-effective than lead. Due to the importance of barium compounds in radiation shielding, the study of gamma radiation interactions within these compounds becomes essential, so the most important part of such a study is the experimental one, which shows the effect of the barite powder in the radiation resistance of the mortar. The research results show that the higher the thickness and percentage of barite powder, the higher is the radiation resistance.
A Comparative Study of Computer-Aided Engineering Techniques for Robot Arm Applications
Authors: Zouari L. , Chtourou S. , Ben Ayed M. , Alshaya S. A.
Published: December 2020

As systems become increasingly complex, their simulation techniques have to be more accurate and enhanced. Despite the wide use of robotic arms in industries, they still encompass a wide number of complexities. The control of a flexible robot arm driven by a Brushless DC Motor (BDCM) for tracking problems is a great challenge, not only for its complex algorithms but also for its verification process. Robotic systems are designed heterogeneously by combining continuous and event discrete models. Therefore, computer-aided engineering tools have to be enhanced in order to support the verification of the control algorithms. Ensuring definite and rapid simulations is a challenging task for robotic application systems. Although control strategies can be tested using the Matlab/Simulink environment to assess their performance, their verification at a low-level still remains a very difficult task. This paper studies different simulation techniques based on Model In the Loop (MIL), Hardware In the Loop (HIL), and Hardware Software In the Loop (HSIL) on a flexible robot arm driven by BDCM in order to overcome each method's limits, focusing on performance and cost and simulation time reduction. The HSIL achieves the highest accuracy and speed than  MIL and HIL and provides reusability and portability of the control unit compared to the other techniques.
Water Penetration of Concrete made with Coarse Aggregates from Demolishing Waste
Authors: Koondhar M. F. , Memon B. A. , Oad M. , Chandio F. A. , Chandio S. A.
Published: December 2020

The results of laboratory investigations on water penetration in concrete made with coarse aggregates from demolishing waste are presented in this paper. Seven batches of standard size concrete cubes were cast with recycled aggregates from demolished concrete replacing coarse aggregates in percentages from 0% to 60%. The compressive strength of the samples was evaluated by non-destructive testing with the use of the Schimidz hammer. It was found that the strength reduces with an increase in recycled aggregate percentage. The maximum loss of strength due to the induction of recycled aggregates was 32% in the batch with 60%recycled aggregates. All samples were subject to constant water pressure of 5 bars for 72 hours. From the obtained results it was shown that the water penetration depth increases with increase in recycled aggregates rate. With 10% and 20% replacement the samples allowed less water to penetrate than conventional concrete samples, but 76% more penetration depth was recorded in samples with 60% replacement. Strength and water penetration results from dosages up to 20% show that the durability of the produced concrete allows it to be used in structural members with consideration of strength reduction in the design process. However, more water penetration with higher dosages of recycled aggregates needs proper care in design and usage of the concrete particularly for locations where concrete is exposed to water pressure.
Rice Straw and Eggshell Ash as Partial Replacements of Cement in Concrete
Authors: Oliko C. , Kabubo C. K. , Mwero J. N.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the properties of concrete made with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash and eggshell ash. The rice straws and eggshells were incinerated, sieved, and ground, and the physical and chemical properties of the resultant ash and the other materials incorporated in the concrete mixes were determined. A class 35 concrete mix with no partial replacement of cement with rice straw ash designed with the British Research Establishment method with a water/cement ratio of 0.5 was considered as the control mix. The cement in concrete was partially replaced with rice straw ash by 5% to 30% and its compressive and splitting tensile strength was determined after 7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. Durability, resistance to acid attack, and other wet and hardened properties of concrete with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash were also determined. An increase in compressive strength above the control mix was observed for concrete with 5% and 10% partial replacement of cement with rice straw ash. When eggshell ash was added to concrete mixes made with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash at 15% and 20%, the 28, 56, and 90-day compressive strength was found to increase. It can be concluded that rice straw and eggshell ash can be used to partially replace cement in concrete and result in a concrete whose properties compare favorably with control
New Approach in the Fault Tolerant Control of Three-Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor
Authors: Boumous Z. , Boumous S.
Published: December 2020

This article provides an improved fault-tolerant control scheme for inverter-powered induction motors. The proposed strategy addresses the cancellation of power switch failures (IGBTs) regardless of their location in a reconfigurable induction motor control. The proposed fault-tolerant topology requires only minimal hardware modifications of the conventional six-switch three-phase drive, mitigating IGBT failures through reconfiguration based on the substitution of an entire inverter arm. The detection mechanism is based on the tridimensional method from which a database will be used for the learning of the neural network. In this method, the current from the stator is used as input to the system, so access to the induction motor is not necessary.
Integrated Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Model with Redundancy for Cutting Tools on a Single Machine
Authors: Tavassoli L. S. , Sakhavand N. , Fazeli S. S.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present an integrated multi-objective framework of a single machine for a single cutting tool problem. Our maintenance policy is based on performing minimal repairs in case of a minor failure and Preventive Maintenance (PM) to avoid a major failure that results in the replacement of the tool. This framework allows simultaneous optimization of the two conflicting time and cost objectives. A redundant system is proposed as a part of the model to assist the production line under a major failure. In addition, the tool’s preventive maintenance time is synchronized with the completion of the machine tool’s work cycle to reduce the machine’s set-up time. The model was optimized using a customized Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). An experimental study based on real-market data was conducted and the results were compared with the ones obtained from classical methods.