bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring EFL Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes of Reflective Practice: A Case Study
Authors: Oktama M. Yoga , Fauziati Endang , Rochsantiningsih Dewi
Published: March 2022

The research on implementation of three attitudes of reflective practice in the field of pre-service teachers is still rarely written. Thus, this study aimed at exploring pre-service teachers’ attitudes of reflective practice. Designed with case study, this study explored four pre-service teachers at private university in Central Java Indonesia who were enrolled as tutors in an English Tutorial Program of the same university. The data were gathered from pre-service teachers’ reflective journals, interview, and observation. Analyzed using thematic analysis, the findings of this study revealed that all pre-service teachers were captured to possess all virtues of reflective practice namely, open-mindedness, wholeheartedness, and responsibility. This would be a provision for them in developing their professional careers in the future. The implication of this study on language education program is also provided.
The Using Communicative Language Teaching in the Online Class through Soundcloud, Zoom, and Google Classroom Applications
Authors: Amir Faizal , Anggitasari Astri
Published: March 2022

The schools have been implementing online learning during the pandemic. Teachers are required to be able to do online learning where these activities require the role of information and communication technology (ICT). Teachers cannot ensure that every student will understand the material taught during online learning. Therefore, the teacher must make several effective learning methods and approaches which can make students enthusiastic in learning and understanding the material presented. One approach that can be used by teachers is CLT (Communicative Language Teaching). Social interactions used in communicative language teaching can be done through dialogue, discussion, role-playing, etc. Nowadays, teachers implement many applications to support the online learning process, such as SoundCloud, Zoom, and Google Classroom. The use of those applications is to assist students in improving their skills. CLT can be used to teach many things such as vocabulary development, communication among instructors and learners, use of specialist language to a minimum, use of language (in the context of communication in general), use of Information Technology, information search skills, personal viewpoint argumentation abilities, nonverbal skills, and group networking skills.
Investigating English language teachers at tertiary level in adopting technological pedagogical content knowledge: Challenges in the 21st century
Authors: Widiawati Yogi
Published: March 2022

In this 21st century era, English teachers must have good knowledge of English as well as the skills of using various technology in order to make their teaching-learning process go smoothly. Nowadays, technology is like the primary need in every sector, especially in education sector. English lecturers should be able to adapt with the changes of teaching environment since the use of computers, laptops and other tools are becoming the big necessity in our daily life. There are three things that must be considered; technology, pedagogy and content knowledge. By understanding them, the teaching-learning process will become perfect. This article aims to find the perceptions of TPACK how it helps English lecturers achieve their goals. The data were taken from 3 English language lecturers of three different departments as the respondents. This mini research used descriptive quantitative in which the data were collected through observation and were analysed with data reduction, interpretation, and description. The findings shows that the score for content knowledge (CK) for all teachers ranges 78%-80 %, pedagogical knowledge (PK) ranges 55%-65%, technological knowledge (TK) ranges 60%-75%. Meanwhile score for Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) ranges 77%-82%, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge ranges (TPK) 60%-67%, TPACK 72%-75%. These imply that lecturers of polytechnics are good and skilful to integrate the technology with pedagogic and content knowledge.
Islamophobia in an American studies approach as seen in Donald Trump�s speech documentary videos
Authors: Kasiyarno Kasiyarno , Murwantono Didik
Published: March 2022

Donald Trump�s rhetoric in his campaign was markedly different, his speeches on Islamophobia and anti-immigrant rhetoric became a big issue. Trump used the rhetoric of fear to induce his followers against Muslims and immigrants by linking to both groups with the terrorism issue. This article has aims to analyse Trump�s speeches for protecting American people surrounded by the terror threat through an American studies framework.� This research was under descriptively qualitative research supported by an interdisciplinary approach of American Studies. Theory of Conservatism and theory of Discursive Psychology were used to analyse American experiences of Islamophobia as seen from Donald Trump�s speeches of documentary videos as the primary data. The completion of this research shows that American conservatives in the era of Donald Trump were strongly enough and the discourse psychological approach was designed to persuade. The discursive approach also allows for an understanding of how American identity, history, and values are both invoked and constructed. It is like American identity of conservatives who are proud of their nationality of Americans.
Studi Literature : Penerapan Green Transportation Untuk Mewujudkan Kota Hijau Dan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Primastuti Nabila Anggarina , Puspitasari Ardiana Yuli
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Increased use of private transportation and/or less environmentally friendly energy use contributes  to the high value of carbon emissions. To overcome this, a change of development and  development is needed, one of which is the application of the concept of green transportation. The  concept is one part of the green city program in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to find out the  application of green transportation to realize the concept of green and sustainable cities. This study  uses a literature study approach in reviewing the application of green transportation. The case  studies used are located in Surakarta City, Bogor City, and Semarang City. The results of this study  can be concluded that the concept of green transportation can be applied to overcome transportation  problems. The concept of green transportation is based on the concept of sustainable development  and pays attention to transportation modes, accessibility, and green transportation policies. Keywords: Green Transportation, Transportation, Green City ABSTRAK Peningkatan penggunaan transportasi pribadi dan/atau penggunaan energi yang kurang  ramah lingkungan memiliki kontribusi terhadap tingginya nilai emisi karbon. Untuk mengatasi hal  tersebut, diperlukan suatu perubahan pembangunan dan pengembangan, salah satunya yaitu  penerapan konsep green transportation. Konsep tersebut termasuk dalam salah satu bagian dari  program kota hijau atau green city di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui penerapan green transportation untuk mewujudkan konsep kota hijau dan  berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dalam mengkaji penerapan  green transportation. Studi kasus yang dipakai yaitu berlokasi di Kota Surakarta, Kota Bogor, dan  Kota Semarang. Hasil dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep green transportation dapat  diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan transportasi. Konsep green transportation tersebut  berpedoman pada konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan dan memperhatikan moda transportasi,  aksesibilitas, dan kebijakan transportasi hijau.Kata Kunci: Green Transportation, Transportasi, Kota Hijau
Resistencia a los anticuerpos monoclonales anti-EGFR en el tratamiento del carcinoma de cabeza y cuello
Authors: Lazo Roblejo Yaily , Morales González Maraelys
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos al receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) han demostrado beneficio clínico en el carcinoma de cabeza y cuello en estadios avanzados, sin embargo, a pesar de los alentadores resultados iniciales, los estudios clínicos evidencian que hay pacientes que presentan tasas de respuesta muy pobres o nulas con su uso.

Método: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía científica en las fuentes especializadas Medline, Cochrane Library y Google académico sobre los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia que pueden estar involucrados en la reducción de la eficacia de los anticuerpos monoclonales cetuximab y nimotuzumab.

Resultados: En el caso del cetuximab, se exponen los mecanismos de resistencia intrínseca y adquirida tales como: la presencia de los polimorfismos EGFR-K521 y AURKA Phe31-Ile, la activación de puntos calientes de mutaciones en PIK3CA y KRAS/HRAS, la pérdida de expresión de PTEN, las mutaciones en el dominio extracelular del EGFR, la sobreexpresión de MET e inducción de la transición epitelial-mesenquimal, así como algunos mecanismos que involucran las vías AKT/PI3K, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK y JAK/STAT. Con respecto al nimotuzumab, la literatura refiere que los mejores resultados clínicos con su uso se han asociado con la sobreexpresión del EGFR.

Conclusiones: Los mayores desafíos en el carcinoma de cabeza y cuello son comprender la resistencia a estas terapias e identificar biomarcadores predictivos de respuesta para la selección adecuada de los pacientes. Aunque son múltiples las propuestas de biomarcadores que se publican, requieren su validación en ensayos clínicos prospectivos para su introducción en la práctica clínica habitual. Se sugiere la necesidad de incrementar los estudios sobre los mecanismos de resistencia al nimotuzumab.
Avances en las formulaciones de los antisépticos
Authors: González Rodríguez María Luisa , Calle-Moriel Alberto
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Revisar nuevas formulaciones antisépticas que minimicen los inconvenientes de las formulaciones convencionales y mejoren la efectividad los tratamientos actualmente usados.

Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos científicas, como Pubmed o Sciencedirect, entre otras, así como en artículos de revistas científicas, libros, tesis doctorales y páginas webs oficiales siguiendo siempre criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Una vez seleccionados los artículos de interés mediante palabras clave, se procedió a la organización de los contenidos de la revisión.

Resultados: Las formulaciones convencionales usadas en antisepsia presentan algunas limitaciones, como la formación de biopelículas por Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (MRSA), la necesidad de conseguir un efecto más prolongado en el tiempo y la potenciación de la actividad microbiana debido a la resistencia a antisépticos, entre otros. Por este motivo, existen diversas líneas de investigación que intentan contrarrestar estas barreras mediante el diseño de nuevas formulaciones, como los sistemas de administración autoemulsionables de fármacos (SEDDS), sistemas formadores de película o usando la nanotecnología en forma de micelas cargadas con antisépticos, nanopartículas de organosílica mesoporosa o como nanopartículas de plata u ZnO que se combinan con polímeros como los hidrogeles o los poliuretanos para conseguir tratamientos más eficaces mejorando sus propiedades tanto antisépticas como mecánicas.

Conclusiones: Las diferentes estrategias que se abordan en esta revisión presentan mejores propiedades antisépticas que las terapias convencionales, según se recoge en los artículos revisados. Por este motivo, seguramente formarán parte de la amplia gama de antisépticos en un futuro próximo.
BIOGEOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF THE NORTH KAZAKH PLAIN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, MAKHANOVA Nursaule , ВERDENOV Zharas ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, WENDT Jan A. ,   Gdańsk University, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Geography, Gdańsk, Poland, SARSEKOVA Dani ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Faculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, MURSALIMOVA Elmira ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan, SANSYZBAYEVA Aigerim ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, NURTAZINA Nargis ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, SAFAROV Ruslan ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: March 2022

The article presents the prospects for the development of natural and recreational activities in the field of medical and health tourism within the ribbon pine forest, located in the southern outskirts of the West Siberian dry steppe lowland. The purpose of the study is to assess the biological and geographical potential of the forest landscape for the development of recreational areas. This is especially true for the Northern region of Kazakhstan, since industry is developed on the territory, it is characterized by technogenesis. Research methods include field reconnaissance, cartographic modeling using GIS technologies, and laboratory experiments to determine the phytoncide activity of the biological material of trees – Scots pine – collected at different intervals of the day. The results of the study are statistical data on laboratory research. For convenience, they are presented in the form of cartographic material, built based on spatial data of the territory. The paper considers and addresses the ecosystem’s natural potential and the recreational infrastructure of the studied object.
Desenlaces a largo plazo en pacientes trasplantados renales con donantes de criterios expandidos: experiencia de 10 años
Authors: Espitia David , García-López Andrea , Patino-Jaramillo Nasly , Girón-Luque Fernando
Published: March 2022

Introducción. El trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección para la enfermedad renal crónica. Debido a la brecha con la disponibilidad de donantes, el uso de criterios expandidos es una opción que busca mejorar la tasa de donación mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la sobrevida del injerto y del paciente trasplantado con donante de criterios expandidos versus el donante estándar.
Métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva de 1002 pacientes con trasplante renal donde se determinó la sobrevida del injerto renal y del receptor a 10 años después del trasplante. La sobrevida del injerto renal y el receptor fueron estimadas por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Una regresión de Cox fue realizada ajustando el modelo multivariado.
Resultados. El análisis incluyó 1002 receptores, con un 18,8 % (n=189) que correspondían al uso de donante de criterios expandidos. El grupo de trasplante renal con donante de criterios expandidos tuvo menor sobrevida del paciente (48,1 % versus 63,8 %) y del injerto (63,3 % versus 74,7 %) en comparación con el grupo de trasplante renal con donantes con criterios estándar a los 10 años después del trasplante. La asociación de trasplante renal con donante de criterios expandidos y muerte o pérdida del injerto renal no fueron significativas cuando se ajustaron las variables en el modelo multivariado.
Conclusión. El trasplante renal con donante de criterios expandidos tiene menor sobrevida del receptor y del injerto frente al grupo de trasplante renal con donante estándar. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al trasplante renal con donante de criterios expandidos frente a la pérdida del injerto renal o muerte.
Severidad de la colecistitis aguda en tiempos de COVID-19: ¿mito o realidad?
Authors: Bustos-Guerrero Ada Mercedes , Guerrero-Macías Silvia Inés , Manrique-Hernández Edgar Fabian , Gomez-Rincón Germán Andrés
Published: March 2022

Introducción. La colecistitis aguda es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingresos hospitalarios y la colecistectomía laparoscópica es el estándar de oro para su manejo. Dentro de los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 se ha percibido un aumento en la severidad de presentación en estos pacientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la presentación clínica y quirúrgica de la colecistitis aguda antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte con pacientes llevados a colecistectomía laparoscópica por colecistitis aguda entre 2019 y 2020. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y de Kaplan Meier con el tiempo transcurrido entre inicio de síntomas y el ingreso al hospital, y entre el ingreso del hospital y la realización de la cirugía.
Resultados. Fueron llevados a colecistectomía laparoscópica por colecistitis aguda un total de 302 pacientes. El tiempo de evolución de los síntomas hasta el ingreso fue de 83,3 horas (IC95%: 70,95 – 96,70) antes de la pandemia y 104,75 horas (IC95%: 87,26 – 122,24) durante la pandemia. El tiempo entre el ingreso al hospital y el procedimiento quirúrgico fue significativamente menor en el período de pandemia (70,93 vs. 42,29; p<0,001). El porcentaje con mayor severidad (Parkland 5) fue igual antes y durante la pandemia (29 %).
Conclusión. Se reporta una severidad clínica y quirúrgica similar antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19, probablemente secundario a los resultados de un tiempo de entrada al quirófano significativamente menor durante la pandemia, debido a una mayor disponibilidad de quirófanos para las patologías quirúrgicas urgentes.
Tumor retrorrectal: Reporte de un caso de Schwannoma
Authors: Ortega-Checa David , Vojvodic-Hernández Iván , Rios-Quintana Katherine
Published: March 2022

Introducción. En el espacio retrorrectal o presacro pueden desarrollarse lesiones tumorales, tanto benignas como malignas. La mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos y, cuando presentan síntomas, éstos son inespecíficos. Entre los tumores retrorrectales se destaca el grupo de origen neurogénico, donde el Schwannoma es el más frecuente.
Caso clínico. Mujer de 32 años, con tumor retrorrectal, que producía una sintomatología escasa e imprecisa, diagnosticado durante una intervención quirúrgica por mioma uterino, que finalmente resultó ser un Schawnnoma.
Conclusión. La tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética son importantes para el diagnóstico y para establecer el nivel de la lesión en relación con el sacro. La piedra angular del tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica. El abordaje puede ser anterior (abdominal), posterior (perineal, transsacro o parasacrococígeo) o combinado, de acuerdo con su localización al nivel S4.
Cáncer de vesícula biliar, una visión actual
Authors: Prieto-Ortiz Robin Germán , Borráez-Segura Bernardo Alfonso , Prieto-Ortiz Jhon Edison , Guevara-Cruz Óscar A.
Published: March 2022

Introducción. El diagnóstico de cáncer de vesícula biliar se realiza generalmente de forma incidental durante el estudio de las piezas quirúrgicas o cuando la enfermedad está avanzada y se expresa por su diseminación. Muy pocas veces se diagnostica de forma preoperatoria. Corresponde a la neoplasia más común de las vías biliares y su incidencia varía de acuerdo a la región geográfica. La región andina en Latinoamérica presenta una de las mayores incidencias a nivel mundial. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, para presentar una información actualizada en lo referente a los factores de riesgo (incluyendo las alteraciones genéticas y moleculares), al diagnóstico y al tratamiento de esta patología. Basados en los datos actuales, presentamos algunas recomendaciones dirigidas al diagnóstico temprano, que permita un manejo más adecuado de nuestros pacientes. Resultados. Se han implicado nuevos factores de riesgo relacionados con la etiología del cáncer de vesícula biliar, como la obesidad, factores genéticos y moleculares. A pesar de la disponibilidad de los métodos diagnósticos imagenológicos, no ha ocurrido una importante variación porcentual en cuanto al estadio al momento del diagnóstico. Conclusiones. El manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de vesícula biliar está indicado en los estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad y es importante evaluar las opciones terapéuticas en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada. Se considera de suma importancia el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica y la revisión del informe por parte del cirujano
Cirugía bariátrica en pediatría, ¿qué impacto tiene? Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Coronado-Sarmiento Juan Felipe , Palencia-Palencia José Ignacio , Barraza-Leones Osvaldo Camilo
Published: March 2022

Introducción. La obesidad en la población pediátrica ha ido aumentando de manera progresiva y el manejo médico de la obesidad mórbida en esta población se ha mostrado insuficiente. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir el estado actual de la literatura científica publicada hasta abril 15 de 2021 sobre el impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en la población pediátrica.
Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura que evaluó dos bases de datos, donde se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, reportes de casos, series de casos y ensayos clínicos, publicados desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 15 de abril de 2021, en español, inglés y francés.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 documentos y 18 estudios clínicos, en los que se encontró que la cirugía bariátrica (bypass gástrico por Y de Roux, gastrectomía en manga, plicatura gástrica y banda gástrica) alcanzó una pérdida de peso significativa en el primer año, con un adecuado sostenimiento de dicha pérdida al quinto año, además de una resolución completa de las comorbilidades metabólicas y cardiovasculares en la mayoría de los pacientes.
Conclusión. La cirugía bariátrica se presenta como una alternativa eficaz en el manejo de la obesidad mórbida y sus complicaciones en el paciente pediátrico
IMPROVEMENT OF FIRM PERFORMANCE AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL THROUGH INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Maya Siska , Atikah Atikah , Rusmardiana Ana
Published: March 2022

Business is undergoing a change called the new wave, which is a change in (traditional) production-based economies into a knowledge-based economy. This is because Intellectual Capital is considered as a source that has a competitive advantage for a company. Information technology (IT) also provides many benefits for companies that use it well. One of the competitive advantages turns out that Intellectual Capital by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia has not been utilized as an asset that can improve company performance. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of Intellectual Capital and IT Competence on Innovation in improving Competitive Advantage and explain the moderating relationship between IT Competence and Knowledge Base View on Firm Performance. Intellectual Capital and IT Competence have no effect on Innovation in improving Competitive Advantage. Innovation serves as a full mediation of intellectual capital with firm performance. Likewise, the competitive advantage functions as a full mediation towards IT Competence and firm performance.

 
Pengendalian diri siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Padang Panjang
Authors: Putri Atika Antonio , Yarni Linda
Published: March 2022

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana siswa mampu dalam mengendalikan dirinya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari pengendalian diri siswa di SMP Muhamadiyah Padang Panjang skor rata-rata 3,61 dan standar dieviasi sebesar 1,12 dengan persentase sebesar 72,71 %. Berdasarkan persentase tersebut berarti termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengendalian diri siswa di SMP Muhamadiyah Padang Panjang cukup baik. Siswa termasuk cukup mampu dalam mengatur stimulus, cukup mampu memperoleh informasi, cukup mampu dalam melakukan penilaian, dan cukup mampu dalam memilih dan menentukan tujuan dalam menentukan tindakan yang sesuai di sekolah.
A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives of Music Students on Distance Piano Education
Authors:   Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Turkey, Ünlü Levent
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to determine whether distance education is a viable option for music department students to receive an adequate piano education. Furthermore, the study seeks to discover encountered in distance piano education and to make recommendations about how piano education could best continue during the current pandemic. The study examines the conditions under which university students who receive piano education through distance education are affected either positively or negatively. It highlights the importance of student attitudes toward distance learning as this can determine student feelings, expectations and the desired outcomes of their education. The findings were obtained by conducting qualitative research using the phenomenological design method. For this study, an interview form was prepared and used as a data collection tool to gather student perspectives about piano education. The results of the study revealed that students found piano education through distance learning as not beneficial overall, the overall achievement of students was found to be negatively affected in distance education. Significant disadvantages of piano education were found through distance learning platforms. According to the results of the research, further recommendations are made to improve the current distance education methods.
Game Technique Applications in Teaching Arabic Words as a Foreign Language to Children
Authors:   The University of Ankara Hacı bayram Veli, Turkey, Arkan Zeynep
Published: March 2022

In this study, games were prepared that will contribute to improving the vocabulary of children learning Arabic. Considering the target audience, it is known that game techniques and word teaching offer a fun and lively course environment and increase the motivation of the student. In this study, qualitative research methods were used. Document analysis technique was used in the collection of data. The findings were analyzed by the method of exponence analysis and a systematic framework was established for the study. The analysis of the documents according to the gains in the 2-8th grade Arabic curriculum prepared by the Ministry of National Education was carried out by a linguist and it was aimed to increase the reliability of the study. Three language experts were consulted for the scope validity of the games associated with the achievements and the games were rearranged in line with the incoming feedback. A total of 13 games were presented at this stage. Care has been taken to ensure that game designs are available to the entire class. In addition, it is important that the games are able to strengthen both oral and written communication. At the end of the study, it was proposed that games that can be played in open spaces such as outdoors and using technological devices can be designed in the form of dual or group work for children learning Arabic.
Nanolearning: A New Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Dr. Vivekananth.P
Published: March 2022

Nanolearning is the process of learning in short pieces of information. The content must be within five minutes, in most cases two minutes or less. Nano learning is effective in modern education, especially Generation Z, since students' attention span has reduced drastically. The students are finding it challenging to focus for a longer duration. Nano learning is bite-size learning in shorter condensed learning capsules. This paper discusses methodologies for applying nanolearning in both classroom and blended learning environments. This paper deliberates nanolearning in the remote learning environment. The paper also discusses applications of nanolearning in different fields. The paper concludes with the future enhancements of nanolearning.
Temporal Variability in Snow Accumulation and Density at Summit Camp, Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: HOWAT IAN
Published: March 2022

A three-year record of weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation at Summit Camp, central Greenland Ice Sheet, obtained by direct sampling, is presented. While the overall SWE accumulation of 24.2 cm w.e. per year matches long-term ice core estimates, variability increases at shorter time scales. Half of the annual SWE accumulation occurs during a few large events, with the average accumulation rate decreasing 35% between the first and second halves of the record coinciding with exceptional anticyclonic conditions in the spring and summer of 2019. No seasonality in accumulation is detected. Rather, local accumulation rates appear to be significantly impacted by wind redistribution that obscures temporal patterns in snowfall. Surface snow density is consistent, on average, with previously measured values but does not correlate with near surface temperature or wind speed. Two surface mass balance reanalysis models significantly underestimate accumulation rates at Summit Camp. This is concerning because such models are often used to estimate ice sheet mass loss.
Incidental Auditory Category Learning and Visuomotor Sequence Learning
Authors: Gabay Yafit , Madlansacay Michelle , Holt Lori L.
Published: March 2022

The environment provides multiple regularities that might be useful in guiding behavior if one can learn their structure. Understanding statistical learning across simultaneous regularities is important, but poorly understood. We investigate learning across two domains: visuomotor sequence learning through the serial reaction time (SRT) task and incidental auditory category learning via the systematic multimodal association reaction time (SMART) task. Several commonalities raise the possibility that these two learning phenomena may draw on common cognitive resources and neural networks. In each, participants are uninformed of the regularities that they come to use to guide actions, the outcomes of which may provide a form of internal feedback. We used dual task conditions to compare learning of the regularities in isolation versus when they are simultaneously available to support behavior on a seemingly orthogonal visuomotor task. Learning occurred across the simultaneous regularities, without attenuation even when the informational value of a regularity was reduced by the presence of the additional, convergent regularity. Thus, the simultaneous regularities do not compete for associative strength, as in overshadowing effects. Moreover, that visuomotor sequence learning and incidental auditory category learning do not appear to compete for common cognitive resources; learning across the simultaneous regularities was comparable to learning each regularity in isolation.
Hanging the Anchor Off a New Ship: A Meta-Analysis of Anchoring Effects
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Schütz Astrid
Published: March 2022

Anchoring effects are among the largest and easiest to replicate in social psychology. However, the ship on which anchoring research is floating has become brittle with respect to three domains: (a) the relationship between paradigm features (e.g., choice of anchor or type of scale) and effect sizes is mostly unknown, (b) there are numerous contradictory findings on moderators (e.g., role of incentives for accurate estimates), and (c) it is unclear which of the many theories on anchoring effects is best supported by the evidence overall. Method: To increase clarity and transparency in the field of anchoring effects research, we meta-analyzed the most comprehensive collection of openly available anchoring effects data in existence today. Results: We found large but also heterogeneous anchoring effects, g = 0.689, 95% CI [0.589, 0.789], σ² = 0.21, Ntotal = 17,708, k = 393. (a) Anchors communicated as randomly determined did not have effects, and some effects reversed when visual response scales were used. (b) For many previously contradictory results, we found null effects (e.g., incentives did not affect the magnitude of anchoring effects). (c) Overall, theories of anchoring that stress rationality and nonlinearity were best supported by the results. Discussion: By applying an open and robust empirical procedure, we provide anchoring researchers with a new ship. We recommend that future research increase trust in findings through preregistration, reduce heterogeneity between anchoring effects through standardization, and better explain the impact of moderators. Data and analyses are available online (https://osf.io/4t5mu/).
Dead Body as a Terrifying Object: Body Politics in Rabindranath Tagore’s “Living or Dead?”
Authors: Adhikari Nirjala
Published: March 2022

The paper is an attempt to examine body politics in Rabindranath Tagore’s short story “Living or Dead ?” Basically, it tries to answer why people behave differently with a dead and a living body and what is the politics behind it, through the life of Kadambini, the protagonist of the story. The story revolves around the life and death of Kadambini. She is a poor widow. When she is believed to be alive everyone treats her kindly. She is in a way epitome of kindness. She fosters the son of Jamindar. But when she becomes unconscious people think that she is dead. On the way to the burning ground, the Brahmins who take her body engages in other kinds of stuff. At the same moment, she gets her consciousness back but everyone thinks that she is already dead and becomes a ghost and walks away. When she comes back home suddenly she becomes a terrifying object. Everyone frightens with her even her own foster son. So, his paper argues that people behave living and dead bodies differently especially the word “death” itself performs a horror factor in Tagore’s “Living or Dead?” Thus, the paper explores how the words living and dead play the role of power dynamics and change people’s perceptions about the same body. To elucidate this statement Foucault and Butler’s ideas on body politics are used.
Poetic Politics in the Confessional Poetry of Lowell and Plath
Authors: Sharma Pradip
Published: March 2022

This paper critically examines the cultural shifts the confessional poets mainly Robert Lowell and Sylvia Plath brought in post war American poetry. Under the rubric of postwar isolation ongoing developmental practices induced by Fordist culture whatever psychic disturbances the contemporary generations encountered, are reflected in Lowell and Plath’s poetry. Unlike St. Augustine’s sacramental confession, confessional poetry primarily aims at autobiographical self-exploration in essence. Yet, the confessional poetry departs from the life writing with its sharp delving into the poet’s life. The kernel point of this paper is to discuss the way the poets debunk the boundary between private and public domain and the way they prefer to write on socially stigmatized issues like alcoholism, mental illness, adultery, suicidal thought, and depression. By exploring these issues, I argue that confessional poetry penetrates into the poetics of politics under postmodernism which blurs the border line of raw and cooked, decent and profane matters. While examining the selected poems of Lowell and Plath, the cathartic motto of the poets has been highly focused when they express their troubled experiences which were indecent in the past.
Literature in Language Syllabus: Space and Contributions
Authors: Regmi Lok Raj
Published: March 2022

This study explores the place of literature in language syllabus and analyzes how literature supports language enrichment, extensive reading and critical reading. Literature for language enrichment describes how literature supports the development of language skills in students. Literature for extensive reading deals with how literature supports the development of inferential and literary skills. Likewise, literature for critical reading describes how literature contributes to the development of intellectual skills in students. For this, theoretical and empirical studies have been consulted. Similarly, five teachers teaching English language/literature at university level as primary sources have been interviewed to collect data. The data collected from interviews have been discussed under four different themes. The study concludes that literature occupies an important space in language syllabus as literature is pedagogically, linguistically and aesthetically embedded. Literature in language syllabus is relevant to teach language skills, for example, listening, speaking, reading and writing. The study shows that literature provides the ground to teach literary and inferential skills: commenting, appreciating, characterizing, finding clues, developing supporting details, drawing conclusion. In addition, literature supports to teach intellectual skills: analyzing, synthesizing and interpreting using literary criticism.
OPTIMAL IMPROVED PID CONTROLLER WITH GOA ALGORITHM FOR SINGLE LINK HUMAN LEG ROBOT
Authors: Adnan Aliaa , H. Karam Ekhlas
Published: March 2022

A Human Leg Robot (HLR) is a type of manipulator robot that has non-linear, quality, time-varying behaviors and uncertainty in parameters. Therefore, it must be controlled. The purpose of this work is to design an optimal Improved Proportional-Integral-Derivative (IPID) controller for this robot to improve its performance in tracking the desired path. Two schemes of IPID controllers are suggested to enhance the performance of the traditional PID in controlling the human leg robot and following the desired path. The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is considered to optimize the IPID parameters. The performance of the suggested IPID structures has been compared to traditional PID methods. The simulation results show that the efficiency of these schemes was enough to handle the tracking problems of the HLR.
PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF A SELF-COMPACTED BUBBLE DECK SLAB SUBJECTED TO FIRE AND WATER COOLED
Authors: K. Al-Fwadhil Muntadher , A. Waryosh Waleed
Published: March 2022

In this research the punching shear behavior of Self-Compacted bubble RC slab was investigated after burning it in real fire test until reach 300 C° and cooling it by air and water Experiment results show that using self-compacted concrete improves the cracking pattern and punching failure zone due to improvements in the microstructure of the concrete and how it fills voids and makes contact with the plastic ball. The ultimate load increased by (13) % when using SCC with the same fć, and the effect of water cooling was reduced compared to its effect on normal concrete due to SCC's lower permeability, but the effect of spalling made self-compacted concrete more sensitive to high temperatures.
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of In-situ Gelling Liquid Suppositories for Naproxen
Authors: N. Al-Wiswasi Noor , B.H. Al-Khedairy Eman
Published: March 2022

In-situ gelation is a process of gel formation at the site of application, in which a drug product formulation that exists as a liquid has been transformed into a gel upon contact with body fluids. As a drug delivery agent, the in-situ gel has an advantage of providing sustained release of the drug agent.  In-situ gelling liquid suppositories using poloxamer 188 (26-30% W/W) as a suppository base with 10% W/W naproxen were prepared, the gelation temperature of these preparations were measured and they were all above the physiological temperature. Additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidin "PVP" ,hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose  "HPMC", sodium alginate and sodium chloride were used in concentration ranging from (0.25-1%W/W) to modulate the gelation temperature and gel strength .The best preparation was obtained through using a combination of poloxamer 188, sodium alginate, naproxen and distilled water (29,0.5,10and 60.5 % W/W respectively)with gelation temperature of 33.6ÂºCÂ±0.2 and gel strength of 28Â±2 seconds. The release of drug from this preparation was sustained for about 12 hours and it was faster than conventional solid suppository (ProxenÂ® 500) and oral tablets (NaproxenÂ®500) using dialysis tubing method.

Key words: - naproxen, in-situ gelation, liquid suppository, poloxamer188
Synthesis of New Opioid Analgesic Peptide Analogues to Enkephalin (Leucine- and Methionine-Enkephalin)
Authors: S. Al-Ttaee Muthanna , Y. Saour Kawkab , J. Qasir Ahlam
Published: March 2022

A small number of researches were done in the design and synthesis of enkephalin analogues that are able to resist degradation effect of proteolytic enzymes with good bioavailability and half-lives.Through studying structure activity relationships we tried to incorporate phthalyl group, tryptophan and lysine amino acids in different positions in the basic backbone structure of the naturally occurring opioid Leu5- and Met5- enkephalin, in the hope that such insertion of these amino acids could induce interesting addition in the biological activity of these analogues with enhancement of their bioavailability, in addition to decrease side effects as addiction liability.

These synthesized peptides are:

Analogue I: phthalyl-tyrosyl-glycel-tryptophan methyl ester.

Analogue II: Boc-tyrosyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-lysine ethyl ester. HBr.

According to the designed structures, the analogues were synthesized following the conventional solution method and they were identified using the following techniques: melting point, optical rotation, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis (CHN) and amino acid analysis.

Key words: peptide, phthalyl, opoioid analgesics
TÜRKİYE’NİN MAKROEKONOMİK PERFORMANSININ 2010-2020 YILLARI İÇİN CRITIC TEMELLİ ARAS YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DOĞAN Hatice
Published: March 2022

Teknolojik gelişmelerin ve küreselleşme sürecinin giderek hız kazanmasıyla birlikte dünya ticaret hacminde ciddi artışlar yaşanmıştır. Dünya ticaret hacmindeki artışlar beraberinde ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik rekabeti de arttırmıştır. Ülkelerin ekonomik olarak rekabet üstünlüğü sağlayabilmeleri için belirlenmiş olan amaçlar doğrultusunda kaynaklarını etkin ve verimli kullanması belirli dönemlerde ekonomik performansların ölçülmesi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, belirlenmiş olan makroekonomik kriterler göz önünde bulundurularak Türkiye’nin 2010-2020 yılları içerisindeki makroekonomik performansını incelemektir. Çalışmada makroekonomik performansı ölçmek amacıyla; GSYH büyüme oranı, kişi başına GSYH, ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranı, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişi, faiz oranı, enflasyon oranı (ÜFE artış hızı) ve işsizlik oranı kriter olarak alınmıştır. Makroekonomik performansının ölçülmesinde CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) temelli ARAS (Additive Ration Assessment) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Belirlenmiş olan makroekonomik kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasında CRITIC yöntemi, Türkiye’nin belirtilen yıllar için makroekonomik performansını değerlendirmek için ise ARAS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Makroekonomik performans ölçümünde CRITIC ve ARAS yöntemlerinin bütünleşik kullanıldığı çalışmaya rastlanmamış olması nedeniyle bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kriterlerin önem sıralaması; ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranı, GSYH büyüme oranı, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişi, enflasyon oranı, faiz oranı, işsizlik oranı ve kişi başına GSYH olarak belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’nin en iyi makroekonomik performansı, 2012 yılında gösterdiği tespit edilmiş ve 2012 yılını sırasıyla 2015 ve 2013 yılları izlemiş; en kötü performansı ise 2020 yılında gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Formulation and Evaluation of Combined Dosage Form of Diclofenac Sodium (Mini Tablet) and Omeprazole Sodium in Capsule Devices
Authors:   Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (HIPER), Lucknow- 226020, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sanni Gangwar
Published: March 2022

The work investigates the formulation and evaluation of combined dosage form of diclofenac sodium (mini tablet) and omeprazole sodium in capsule devices. The design of effective and safe drug delivery systems has become an integral part for the development and formulating of new medicines. So, research continuously keeps on searching for new ways to deliver drugs over a long period of time or for a well-controlled release profile, to minimizing the loss of drug, to reduce the side effect. The continuous release mini matrix tablet of diclofenac sodium prepared by wet granulation using HPMC, the patients at risk for ulcer disease who require treatment for arthritis receive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are selective for cyclooxygenase-2 or the combination of a nonselective NSAID with a proton-pump inhibitor. We assessed whether celecoxib would be similar to diclofenac plus omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at high risk for bleeding.
Awareness of Coronavirus among Healthcare Workers in Ghotki city of Pakistan: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Bruce Jeffery Farry , Al Sabbah Haleama
Published: March 2022

Objective The fast spread and growing trends of coronavirus has turn out to be a main cause of fear for the healthcare workers. This study is aimed to report the awareness of Coronavirus and practices to control spread of infection amid Healthcare workers in the Ghotki city of Pakistan. Methods The sample of 200 healthcare workers from the Ghotki city of Sindh Province in Pakistan completed a research based survey to report the awareness, responsiveness, knowledge, and practices to contain spread of infection during Coronavirus pandemic in healthcare systems. The survey questionnaire was designed as per CDC (Centers for Disease Control) and WHO (World Health Organization) current provisional guidelines published for healthcare workers (Center for disease control, CDC. 2020). Data was collected through appropriate sampling method and results were reported as frequencies and percentages. The statistics were performed on the bases of percentage of correct responses. The median test was used to separate pairwise evaluations for percentage of correct responses. Results The general knowledge of coronavirus and awareness to prevention for all subcategories was un-adequate with 63% reporting un-correct answers. The maximum accurate replies were from private practicing doctors (Doctors running personal clinics with only out-patient services) and specialist 23%, lowest were from paramedical staff, non- clinical and administrative staff. A smaller amount of the total respondents could correctly define about contact precautions. Though, most of the healthcare workers were conscious of the accurate sequence for the use of a face mask. And, simply 23% of the individuals were found aware of the standards methods of hand wash as advised by who. Conclusion Healthcare workers from the Ghotki city showed inadequate awareness of Coronavirus in current pandemic at hospitals in Ghotki city with an overall percentage of 37 % correct responses.
Declining Son Preference among HIV infected Women in Northern Karnataka, India
Authors: Halli Shiva S. , A. Biradar Rajeshwari
Published: March 2022

The study examined the sex preference among women living with HIV/AIDS (WLAHs) in Karnataka, India using a representative random sample of 633 women belonging to the age group 15-29 years since a large proportion of the women in India complete their family size before 30 years. The profile of the respondents indicates that the mean age was slightly over 25 years, was largely residing in rural areas and about a half of them were illiterate. There was a very high level of son preference prior to HIV infection. Though the percent of women desired to have a boy or daughter increased after being HIV positive, the results indicate a significant reduction in son preference after being tested positive compared prior to having any child and HIV negative. This could be due to a significant proportion of the WLHAs refine their desired family and sex preference possibly because of the fear of transmission of HIV virus to their child. The WLHAs desire could be healthy children irrespective of sex of the child so that the children do not have to suffer stigma and discrimination if they are HIV positive.