bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Use in Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A FIGARO Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Dimou Maria , Speletas Matthaios , Milito Cinzia , Pyzik Aleksandra , Huscher Dörte , Kamieniak Marta , Pittrow David , Borte Michael
Published: September 2023

The Facilitated Immunoglobulin Administration Registry And Outcomes (FIGARO) Study was a European, multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted across Europe designed to provide insights on the clinical use and tolerability of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG). Data herein are reported for the cohort of patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID), with a subgroup analysis by age. The SID cohort included 31 patients: 1 pediatric, 15 adult, and 15 older adult patients. Over the 36-month observation period, the median monthly dose of fSCIG (30 g) and median monthly infusion volume per patient (300 mL) remained constant in both adult-age cohorts. Serum trough levels tended to increase over time. Most patients required only one infusion site and could receive the full dose every 3–4 weeks. There was a trend toward self-administration at home. In the adult group, infusion site inflammation and headache were reported at the inclusion visit (n = 1 each), with no adverse drug reactions reported at any of the follow-up visits. No acute severe bacterial infections were reported during the study follow-up. These results demonstrate the feasibility and tolerability of fSCIG use in patients with SID and the flexibility of administration settings including self-administration at home in patients aged ≥65 years.
Identifying New Contributors to Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Souza Vanessa G. P. , Forder Aisling , Telkar Nikita , Stewart Greg L. , Carvalho Robson F. , Mur Luis A. J. , Lam Wan L. , Reis Patricia P.
Published: September 2023

Lung tumors frequently metastasize to the brain. Brain metastasis (BM) is common in advanced cases, and a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. The precise molecular mechanisms governing BM are still unclear, in part attributed to the rarity of BM specimens. In this work, we compile a unique transcriptomic dataset encompassing RNA-seq, microarray, and single-cell analyses from BM samples obtained from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By integrating this comprehensive dataset, we aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular landscape of BM, thereby facilitating the identification of novel and efficient treatment strategies. We identified 102 genes with significantly deregulated expression levels in BM tissues, and discovered transcriptional alterations affecting the key driver ‘hub’ genes CD69 (a type II C-lectin receptor) and GZMA (Granzyme A), indicating an important role of the immune system in the development of BM from primary LUAD. Our study demonstrated a BM-specific gene expression pattern and revealed the presence of dendritic cells and neutrophils in BM, suggesting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These findings highlight key drivers of LUAD-BM that may yield therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
Characterization of Salivary and Plasma Metabolites as Biomarkers for HCC: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hershberger Courtney E. , Raj Roma , Mariam Arshiya , Aykun Nihal , Allende Daniela S. , Brown Mark , Aucejo Federico , Rotroff Daniel M.
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, and current screening methods lack sensitivity. This study aimed to identify distinct and overlapping metabolites in saliva and plasma that are significantly associated with HCC. (2) Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 42 individuals (HCC = 16, cirrhosis = 12, healthy = 14), with plasma samples from 22 (HCC = 14, cirrhosis = 2, healthy = 6). We performed untargeted mass spectrometry on blood and plasma, tested metabolites for associations with HCC or cirrhosis using a logistic regression, and identified enriched pathways with Metaboanalyst. Pearson’s correlation was employed to test for correlations between salivary and plasma metabolites. (3) Results: Six salivary metabolites (1-hexadecanol, isooctanol, malonic acid, N-acetyl-valine, octadecanol, and succinic acid) and ten plasma metabolites (glycine, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, aconitic acid, isocitric acid, tagatose, cellobiose, fucose, glyceric acid, isocitric acid, isothreonic acid, and phenylacetic acid) were associated with HCC. Malonic acid was correlated between the paired saliva and plasma samples. Pathway analysis highlighted deregulation of the ‘The Citric Acid Cycle’ in both biospecimens. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests that salivary and plasma metabolites may serve as independent sources for HCC detection. Despite the lack of correlation between individual metabolites, they converge on ‘The Citric Acid Cycle’ pathway, implicated in HCC pathogenesis.
Thirty-Day Complications, Unplanned Hospital Encounters, and Mortality after Endosonography and/or Guided Bronchoscopy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Magnini Daniele , Sotgiu Giovanni , Bello Giuseppe , Puci Mariangela , Livi Vanina , Dell’Anna Antonio Maria , De Santis Paolo , Dell’Ariccia Ruben , Viscuso Marta , Flore Maria Chiara , Bisanti Alessandra , Paioli Daniela , Gullì Antonio , Leoncini Fausto , Antonelli Massimo , Trisolini Rocco
Published: September 2023

Background and objective: Limited data exist regarding the adverse events of advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy, with most of the available information derived from retrospective datasets that primarily focus on early complications. Methods: We conducted a 15-month prospective cohort study among consecutive patients undergoing endosonography and/or guided bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. We evaluated the 30-day incidence of severe complications, any complication, unplanned hospital encounters, and deaths. Additionally, we analyzed the time of onset (immediate, within 1 h of the procedure; early, 1 h–24 h; late, 24 h–30 days) and identified risk factors associated with these events. Results: Thirty-day data were available for 697 out of 701 (99.4%) enrolled patients, with 85.6% having suspected malignancy and multiple comorbidities (median Charlson Comorbidity Index (IQR): 4 (2–5)). Severe complications occurred in only 17 (2.4%) patients, but among them, 10 (58.8%) had unplanned hospital encounters and 2 (11.7%) died within 30 days. A significant proportion of procedure-related severe complications (8/17, 47.1%); unplanned hospital encounters (8/11, 72.7%); and the two deaths occurred days or weeks after the procedure. Low-dose attenuation in the biopsy site on computed tomography was independently associated with any complication (OR: 1.87; 95% CI 1.13–3.09); unplanned hospital encounters (OR: 2.17; 95% CI 1.10–4.30); and mortality (OR: 4.19; 95% CI 1.74–10.11). Conclusions: Severe complications arising from endosonography and guided bronchoscopy, although uncommon, have significant clinical consequences. A substantial proportion of adverse events occur days after the procedure, potentially going unnoticed and exerting a negative clinical impact if a proactive surveillance program is not implemented.
Children with Hirschsprung’s Disease Report Dietary Effects on Gastrointestinal Complaints More Frequently than Controls
Authors: Telborn Lovisa , Granéli Christina , Axelsson Irene , Stenström Pernilla
Published: September 2023

Hirschspung’s disease (HD) is a congenital gastrointestinal (GI) disorder frequently accompanied by GI complaints. Despite the lack of evidence regarding whether diet affects GI symptoms, advice on dietary changes is common. The aim was to investigate self-reported dietary effects on GI symptoms, comparing children with HD with healthy children. This was an observational, cross-sectional, self-reported case-control study using the validated Diet and Bowel Function questionnaire. All children with HD aged 1–18 years were surgically treated during 2003–2021 at a national HD center, and their parents were invited to participate. Healthy children served as controls. The data were presented as median (range) and n (%). 71/85 children with HD (6 years (1–17); 76% boys) and 265/300 controls (9 years (1–18); 52% boys) participated. Dietary effects on GI symptoms were reported more frequently by children with HD than controls (55/71 [77%] vs. 137/265 [52%], p ≤ 0.001), as were dietary adjustments to improve GI symptoms (49/71 [69%] vs. 84/265 [32%], p ≤ 0.001), and social limitations due to dietary adjustments (20/48 [42%] vs. 22/121 [18%], p = 0.002). Of 90 food items, children with HD reported that more of the items induced GI symptoms compared to controls (7 (0–66) vs. 2 (0–34), p = 0.001). Diet-induced GI symptoms and dietary adjustments’ impact on daily life are reported more frequently by children with HD than controls. Moreover, the number and types of food items causing GI symptoms differ. The results indicate the need for disease-specific dietary advice to improve support for families of children with HD.
Gallbladder Stones in Pediatric Age: An Emerging Problem: The Risk of Difficult Cholecystectomy and the Importance of a Preoperative Evaluation
Authors: Todesco Camilla , Molinaro Francesco , Nascimben Francesca , Gentilucci Gianluca , Messina Mario , Cortese Andrea , Briganti Vito , Tursini Stefano
Published: September 2023

The need for cholecystectomy during pediatric age has significantly increased in the last two decades. As biliary pathology increases, the probability of complicated cholecystectomies increases too. The aim of this article is to analyze our experience with difficult laparoscopic pediatric cholecystectomy, focusing on the importance of an accurate pre-operative imaging study. We retrospectively analyzed all patients affected by cholelithiasis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Pediatric Surgery Department of San Camillo Forlanini hospital of Rome and Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena from 2017 to 2022. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), recovery data, laboratory tests, imaging exams, surgical findings, post operative management and outcome were taken into account. Overall, 34 pediatric patients, with a mean age of 14.1 years (6–18 years) were included, with a mean BMI of 29. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography and a liver MRI with cholangiography (cMRI). We identified five cases as “difficult cholecystectomies”. Two subtotal cholecystectomies were performed. Cholecystectomy in pediatric surgery can be difficult. The surgeon must be able to find alternative strategies to total cholecystectomy to avoid the risk of possible bile duct injury (BDI). Pre-operative imaging study trough ultrasound and especially cMRI is crucial to recognize possible difficulties and to plan the surgery.
Study of the Design and Mechanical Properties of the Mix Proportion for Desulfurization Gypsum–Fly Ash Flowable Lightweight Soil
Authors: Zuo Xianglong , Zuo Shen , Li Jin , Hou Ning , Zuo Haoyu , Zhou Tiancheng
Published: September 2023

In order to solve the global problem of bridge head jumping caused by the insufficient compaction of the roadbed in the transition section of highways and bridges, a desulfurization gypsum–fly ash flowable lightweight soil without vibration, capable of self-compaction, low bulk density, and economic and environmental protection, has been developed. This study selected low-grade cement, industrial waste (fly ash and desulfurization gypsum), and Yellow River silt as the raw materials for the design of the mix ratio of a desulfurization gypsum–fly ash flow-state lightweight soil mix. Through multiple indoor experiments, the influence of cement content, silt content, and the fly ash/desulfurization gypsum quality ratio on its fluidity and mechanical properties was systematically studied. The stress–strain relationship under uniaxial compression was analyzed and the strength formation mechanism was revealed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the mechanical properties of the prepared desulfurization gypsum–fly ash flowable lightweight soil meet the engineering requirements. Increasing both the cement and fly ash content results in the decreased fluidity of the desulfurization gypsum and fluidized fly ash. However, as the mass ratio of fly ash to desulfurization gypsum increases, the fluidity reaches its maximum when the mass ratio of fly ash to desulfurization gypsum is 2:1. Based on the stress–strain relationship test results, a uniaxial compressive constitutive model of the desulfurization gypsum–fly ash flowable lightweight soil was proposed. The model was fitted and analyzed with the test results, and the correlation was greater than 0.96. The high degree of agreement showed that desulfurization gypsum can promote the disintegration of fly ash, thereby increasing the specific surface area. This provides more contact points, promotes the hardening process, and enhances the interlocking force between particles and the formation of cementitious substances, further enhancing strength.
Simple Determination of the Melt Flow Index of Composite Polymer Filaments Used in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Doronin Fedor , Rudakova Anna , Rytikov Georgy , Nazarov Victor
Published: September 2023

The mechanical properties improving filler introduction into polymer filaments often lead to the formation of defects in 3D-printed products. Studying the bulk modification of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filaments with 0.5–1.5 wt% of natural shungite and molybdenum disulfide, we found the melt flow index (MFI) value reduced by 18%–30%. We investigate the effect of bulk modification on the filaments’ rheological properties, develop a technique that eliminates typical additive prototyping defects by regulation of the extrusion parameters in Cura slicing software, and propose an effective method for the MFI-measurement of the 3D-printed filaments that does not require special laboratory equipment (plastometers).
Insight into Anti-Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Inhibitor on AZ91D Alloy in Different Concentrations of Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Wang Yimeng , Wang Ping , Li Jianping , Wang Shaoqing , Li Weiming , Li Chun
Published: September 2023

The inhibition behavior of the promising eco-friendly inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) in two concentrations of sodium chloride solution was studied by hydrogen evolution, scanning electron microscope (SEM), three-dimensional morphology, electrochemical testing, and computational calculations. The results indicated that the 8HQ inhibitor showed satisfactory inhibition effect due to its fast, excellent adsorption capacity and self-healing ability. The corrosion inhibition effect is related to the concentration of the inhibitor. There was a competitive adsorption relationship between 8HQ and [Cl−], and the adsorption morphology was obviously affected by the concentration of [Cl−]. At the lower concentration of NaCl solution, the adsorption of 8HQ was more orderly, faster, and the adsorption amount was larger, which led to the formation of a denser protective layer. Density functional theory (DFT) results showed that the most stable adsorption configuration of 8HQ was NO-Top. N and O atoms are the active sites, and there is a strong coupling between them and Mg atoms, which is consistent with the experimental results.
Real-Time Ultrasound-Computed Tomography Fusion with Volume Navigation to Assess Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Authors: Mathew Manoj , Virarkar Mayur , Sun Jia , Thai Khoan , Saleh Mohammed , Menendez-Santos Manuel , Bedi Deepak , Lee Jeffrey E. , Katz Matthew , Kundra Vikas , Bhosale Priya
Published: September 2023

Transabdominal ultrasound is a promising imaging modality for pancreatic cystic lesions. This study aims to determine if transabdominal ultrasonography with CT fusion (TAUS-f) using volume navigation can be used to measure pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) compared to CT alone. We evaluated 33 patients prospectively with known PCLs. The readers evaluated each PCL’s size and imaging characteristics on TAUS-f and CT alone. These were compared to endoscopic ultrasonography reports. A total of 43 PCLs from 32 patients were evaluated. The detection rate by TAUS-f was 93%. Two of the three undetected PCLs were in the tail of the pancreas. Inter-reader variabilities for TAUS-f and CT were 0.005 cm and 0.03 cm, respectively. Subgroup analysis by size and location demonstrated that inter-modality variability between TAUS-f and CT was smallest for lesions < 1.5 cm with a size difference of −0.13 cm for each reader and smallest in the pancreatic head with a size difference of −0.16 cm and −0.17 cm for readers 1 and 2. We found that TAUS-f effectively evaluates PCLs compared to CT alone, thus suggesting that it should be considered part of the surveillance algorithm for a subset of patients.
The Autoantibody Array Assay: A Novel Autoantibody Detection Method
Authors: Norimatsu Yuta , Matsuda Kazuki Mitsuru , Yamaguchi Kei , Ono Chihiro , Okumura Taishi , Kogo Emi , Kotani Hirohito , Hisamoto Teruyoshi , Kuzumi Ai , Fukasawa Takemichi , Yoshizaki-Ogawa Asako , Goshima Naoki , Sato Shinichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi
Published: September 2023

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune collagen diseases. Specific autoantibodies are known to be involved in their pathogeneses, each presenting with a different clinical manifestation. Although immunoprecipitation is the gold standard method for detecting autoantibodies, it is difficult to perform in all cases owing to the use of radioisotopes. In this study, we developed a new detection method for SSc and DM autoantibodies (A-cube) using cell-free protein synthesis and examined its validity. Proteins were synthesized using wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis. A total of 100 cases of SSc, 50 cases of DM, and 82 healthy controls were examined. The validity of the method was examined by a comparison with existing test results. Anti-centromere antibody, anti-topoisomerase I antibody, anti-RNA polymerase III antibody, anti-U1RNP anti-body, anti-Jo-1 antibody, anti-TIF1γ antibody, anti-Mi-2 antibody, and anti-ARS antibody were tested for. The results suggested that A-cube is comparable with existing testing methods or has a high sensitivity or specificity. In addition, there was a case in which the diagnosis was reconsidered using the A-cube. The quality of the A-cube was ensured, and its usefulness for a comprehensive analysis was demonstrated. The A-cube can therefore contribute to the clinical assessment and treatment of SSc and DM.
Biomarkers in IBD: What to Utilize for the Diagnosis?
Authors: D’Incà Renata , Sturniolo Giulia
Published: September 2023

The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is not fully characterized. C-reactive protein has a short half-life and elevates quickly after the onset of an inflammatory process; the performance is better in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is easy to determine, widely available, and cheap, but the long half-life, the influence of age, anemia, smoking, and drugs limit its usefulness. Fecal markers have good specificity, but suboptimal accuracy. Microbial antibodies and novel immunological markers show promise but need further evidence before entering clinical practice. Proteomic methods could represent the dawn of a new era of stool protein/peptide biomarker panels able to select patients at risk of inflammatory bowel disease.
Tele-Mentored Handheld Ultrasound System for General Practitioners: A Prospective, Descriptive Study in Remote and Rural Communities
Authors: Zhou Yu-Jing , Guo Le-Hang , Bo Xiao-Wan , Sun Li-Ping , Zhang Yi-Feng , Chai Hui-Hui , Ye Rui-Zhong , Peng Cheng-Zhong , Qin Chuan , Xu Hui-Xiong
Published: September 2023

Background: Rural general practitioners (GPs) have insufficient diagnostic information to deal with complex clinical scenarios due to the inequality in medical imaging resources in rural and remote communities. The objective of this study is to explore the value of a tele-mentored handheld ultrasound (tele-HHUS) system, allowing GPs to provide ultrasound (US) services in rural and remote communities. Methods: Overall, 708 patients underwent tele-HHUS examination between March and October 2021 and March and April 2022 across thirteen primary hospitals and two tertiary-care general hospitals. All US examinations were guided and supervised remotely in real time by US experts more than 300 km away using the tele-HHUS system. The following details were recorded: location of tele-HHUS scanning, primary complaints, clinical diagnosis, and US findings. The recommendations (referral or follow-up) based on clinical experience alone were compared with those based on clinical experience with tele-HHUS information. Results: Tele-HHUS examinations were performed both in hospital settings (90.6%, 642/708) and out of hospital settings (9.4%, 66/708). Leaving aside routine physical examinations, flank pain (14.2%, 91/642) was the most common complaint in inpatients, while chest distress (12.1%, 8/66) and flank discomfort (12.1%, 8/66) were the most common complaints in out-of-hospital settings. Additionally, the referral rate increased from 5.9% to 8.3% (kappa = 0.202; p = 0.000). Conclusions: The tele-HHUS system can help rural GPs perform HHUS successfully in remote and rural communities. This novel mobile telemedicine model is valuable in resource-limited areas.
Lipschütz Ulcer and SARS-CoV-2: What We Currently Know?
Authors: Merlino Lucia , Volpicelli Agnese Immacolata , Dominoni Mattia , Pasquali Marianna Francesca , D’Ovidio Giulia , Gardella Barbara , Senatori Roberto
Published: September 2023

Background: In recent years, several interesting case reports have been published which describe the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the etiopathogenesis of Lipschütz ulcer. Our aim is to analyze this association and provide a rapid algorithm that is of support to gynecologists and dermatologists both in the diagnosis and in setting up the therapy. To do so, in this paper, we describe an interesting case of acute vulvar ulcer triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and review the related literature. Methods: We conducted a literature review including papers published between October 2021 and April 2023, and we described the case of a patient referred to our clinic with Lipschütz ulcer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: In almost all cases analyzed, a correlation with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination was found; ulcers usually manifest after 2 to 4 weeks and are associated with flu-like symptoms. A concordance in review papers, as well as in our case report, was also found about the treatment, which is mainly symptomatic. Conclusions: Previous infection or vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 should be included as possible etiopathogenetic factors in the onset of Lipschütz ulcer.
Stock Market Forecasting Based on Spatiotemporal Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yung-Chen , Huang Hsiao-Yun , Yang Nan-Ping , Kung Yi-Hung
Published: September 2023

This study introduces the Spacetimeformer model, a novel approach for predicting stock prices, leveraging the Transformer architecture with a time–space mechanism to capture both spatial and temporal interactions among stocks. Traditional Long–Short Term Memory (LSTM) and recent Transformer models lack the ability to directly incorporate spatial information, making the Spacetimeformer model a valuable addition to stock price prediction. This article uses the ten minute stock prices of the constituent stocks of the Taiwan 50 Index and the intraday data of individual stock on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. By training the Timespaceformer model with multi-time-step stock price data, we can predict the stock prices at every ten minute interval within the next hour. Finally, we also compare the prediction results with LSTM and Transformer models that only consider temporal relationships. The research demonstrates that the Spacetimeformer model consistently captures essential trend changes and provides stable predictions in stock price forecasting. This article proposes a Spacetimeformer model combined with daily moving windows. This method has superior performance in stock price prediction and also demonstrates the significance and value of the space–time mechanism for prediction. We recommend that people who want to predict stock prices or other financial instruments try our proposed method to obtain a better return on investment.
Study of Bipolar Inductively Isolated High-Voltage Pulse Source
Authors: Li Hongda , Zhang Bo , Sosnovskiy Sergey , Che Long , Zhang Guimao , Liu Shuaishuai , Jin Zhao
Published: September 2023

To meet the application requirements of pulsed power technology in wastewater treatment and other aspects (for example, a scenario that requires a high-voltage pulse source that can output a pulse with a rising edge in the nanosecond range and a device that can stabilize the pulse under high-frequency conditions), this paper designed an inductively isolated bipolar high-voltage pulse source. It consists of three parts: the primary charging power supply, the isolated driver circuit, and the pulse-forming circuit. By using inductance instead of traditional resistance isolation, using the inductance for charging and isolation, the inductance can increase the charging voltage of the capacitor, so the circuit can achieve a higher voltage output. The dual-Marx generator parallel connection design of the pulsed power supply topology, using a primary charging power supply for positive and negative polarity charging, can simultaneously output the reverse polarity and size of high-voltage pulses to achieve a bipolar output, so the load has an effect on the pulse. The equipment was selected on the basis of the design of the isolated driver circuit, primary charging power supply circuit, and pulse-forming circuit for the corresponding simulation, and in the experiment to build a principle model, the tests showed that the pulse source output pulse amplitude range was 0~10 kV (the positive pulse voltage was 5 kV, and the negative pulse voltage was −5 kV), the pulse rising edge was approximately 200 ns, the pulse width was 1 μs, and the frequency range was 0~1 kHz for the pulse source frequency. The power supply was designed to be used in applications such as wastewater treatment.
A Review of Drive Cycles for Electrochemical Propulsion
Authors: Yang Jia Di , Millichamp Jason , Suter Theo , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L. , Robinson James B.
Published: September 2023

Automotive drive cycles have existed since the 1960s. They started as requirements as being solely used for emissions testing. During the past decade, they became popular with scientists and researchers in the testing of electrochemical vehicles and power devices. They help simulate realistic driving scenarios anywhere from system to component-level design. This paper aims to discuss the complete history of these drive cycles and their validity when used in an electrochemical propulsion scenario, namely with the use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and lithium-ion batteries. The differences between two categories of drive cycles, modal and transient, were compared; and further discussion was provided on why electrochemical vehicles need to be designed and engineered with transient drive cycles instead of modal. Road-going passenger vehicles are the main focus of this piece. Similarities and differences between aviation and marine drive cycles are briefly mentioned and compared and contrasted with road cycles. The construction of drive cycles and how they can be transformed into a ‘power cycle’ for electrochemical device sizing purposes for electrochemical vehicles are outlined; in addition, how one can use power cycles to size electrochemical vehicles of various vehicle architectures are suggested, with detailed explanations and comparisons of these architectures. A concern with using conventional drive cycles for electrochemical vehicles is that these types of vehicles behave differently compared to combustion-powered vehicles, due to the use of electrical motors rather than internal combustion engines, causing different vehicle behaviours and dynamics. The challenges, concerns, and validity of utilising ‘general use’ drive cycles for electrochemical purposes are discussed and critiqued.
Process Integration Approach to the Methanol (MeOH) Production Variability from Syngas and Industrial Waste Gases
Authors: Yousuf Abu , Hossain Md Shahadat , Paul Nishat , Shikder Md Woashib , Kumar Deepak , Pirozzi Domenico , Sakib Ahmed Nazmus , Kazempoor Pejman
Published: September 2023

Methanol is expected to be a possible solution for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing the dependency on fossil fuels. This paper presents a systematic approach of methanol (MeOH) production from industrial waste gases including flue gas (FG) and coke oven gas (COG) that are considered an important threat to the environment. The impact of process parameters, including dimensional parameters (length, diameter, and number of tubes) and operational parameters (reactor temperature, pressure, and thermal fluid temperature) over the MeOH synthesis, are investigated by Aspen Plus. Firstly, the synthesis process is designed and optimized using syngas (SG) as a feed material. Secondly, by replacing the feed material with FG and COG, methanol production variability is investigated and demonstrated for the same optimized process. Afterward, an efficient heat exchange network system is developed for all three different processes using Aspen Energy Analyzer. The optimized dimensional parameters of the MeOH synthesis reactor are determined to be a length of 12 m, a diameter of 0.06 m, and 5000 tubes for achieving a conversion rate of 75%. Meanwhile, the optimized operational parameters are identified as a reactor temperature of 209 °C, reactor pressure of 70 bar, and thermal fluid temperature of 196 °C. Furthermore, the influence of the stoichiometric number (SN) on the process was observed with higher SN values resulting in increased hydrogen (H2) concentration and an improved forward reaction of MeOH synthesis, leading to higher conversion rates. The findings and insights gained from this study can serve further improvements and advancements in MeOH synthesis processes.
Safety Index, Evaluation Model, and Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Power Information System under Classified Protection 2.0
Authors: Gong Gangjun , Yuan Qinglin , Yang Jiaxuan , Zhou Bo , Lv Zeming , Yang Haixia , Xu Mingfeng
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problems of the low integration of the current power information system security assessment method with classified protection 2.0, strong subjectivity, and the vague quantification of objective indexes, this article proposes to establish a safety index system suitable for the electric power information system with the existing safety inspection standards for power systems on the basis of the classified protection 2.0 evaluation system. Additionally, it quantifies each index through a quantitative method combining subjective and objective methods and uses the analytic hierarchy process entropy method to obtain the combined weight of the evaluation index system. Finally, this paper summarizes the expert scores and the graded protection evaluation reports of the six systems into the original data for comprehensive weight calculation and analyzes the rationality of the weight change. The comparison and analysis of the closeness of the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) and the evaluation score of the equal guarantee have confirmed the scientificity and rationality of the evaluation model. It provides a reasonable logical idea for the implementation of the classified protection 2.0 system in the power information system.
A Refined Model for Carbon Footprint Estimation in Electric Railway Transport
Authors: Brzeziński Mariusz , Pyza Dariusz
Published: September 2023

There is a plethora of methods in the global literature that can be used to measure CO2 emissions from electrified transport. But are these methods reliable, and do they offer us a true view of how much exactly of this greenhouse gas is being produced by electric rail transport? We answer this question by proposing an improved CO2 emission estimation model based on cargo transport. Unlike other works, our studies include four crucial steps: (1) estimation of energy consumption in electrified rail cargo transport; (2) estimation of energy losses in the railway traction system and high voltage transmission lines; (3) CO2 emission estimation in traditional powerhouses; and (4) determination of the intensity of the CO2 emissions from electrified rail cargo transport. Based on our method, we concluded that the intensity of CO2 depends not only on the type of fossil fuel used for energy production but also on the parameters of the cargo train, such as its length and weight or the total number of wagon axles (which depend on wagon type). The achieved intensity of CO2 emissions in electrified rail cargo transport slightly varies from those reported in the global literature. Among the most important reasons responsible for this are the conditions under which these tests were conducted. Nevertheless, our results shed new light on how CO2 should be measured. We proved that the decarbonization of electrified rail cargo transport will never be possible without infrastructure modernization. In addition, based on a case study, we also delivered knowledge on how to reduce the environmental impact of electrified rail cargo transport.
DC-Bus Voltage Sensorless Control of an Active Rectifier with Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Pan Jianyu , Du Yihao , Ke Ziwei
Published: September 2023

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is recognized as one of the promising converters for the electrification of ships and railways. Among different energy conversion stages, the MMC-based rectifier should realize stable DC output voltage and accurate input current control. However, output DC-bus voltage sensors must be installed, which are costly and bulky. This paper presents a simple but effective control method for the MMC-based rectifier, removing the traditional output DC-bus voltage sensor. An accurate evaluation model of DC-bus voltage is developed as well as the implementing method. Meanwhile, a safe and fast pre-charging scheme is presented for the MMC-based rectifier without output voltage sensors. The fault-tolerant capability of the proposed method when the failure of the output DC-bus voltage sensor occurs is examined. Simulated and testing results demonstrate that the proposed method presents not only excellent steady-state and dynamic performance but also strong fault-tolerant capability. The proposed evaluation model for DC-bus voltage has a high accuracy with an error of less than 1%. Besides, the pre-charging time is less than 0.5 s using the proposed sensorless control.
Development and Characteristics Analysis of Novel Hydrated Salt Composite Adsorbents for Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Yihan , Zhang Zicheng , Liu Shuli , Wang Zhihao , Shen Yongliang
Published: September 2023

New composite adsorbents are proposed to further improve the application of thermochemical energy storage technology in buildings. A volcanic is taken as an adsorption substance, which is impregnated in 36.50 wt% and 54.00 wt% saturated MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions to prepare composite adsorbents, which are called composite-MgCl2 and composite-CaCl2, respectively. According to the characterization, the main pore structure of the original volcanic is macropores (>100 nm), and hydrated salts tend to fill them. Compared with zeolite-MgCl2, the final water uptake of composite-MgCl2 and composite-CaCl2 increased by 0.15 g/g and 0.03 g/g. Meanwhile, the TG-DSC measurement results show that the thermochemical energy storage densities of composite-MgCl2 and composite-CaCl2 are 1.02 and 1.56 times that of zeolite-MgCl2, which are 642 kJ/kg and 983 kJ/kg, respectively. Moreover, the composition of the thermochemical energy storage densities of the composites is obtained by theoretical calculations, and the theoretically calculated results are close to the measured results. After several cycles, the composites still have high thermochemical energy storage capacity and low energy storage density cost.
Transient Simulation and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Godiva Experiment Based on MOOSE Platform
Authors: Wang Lipeng , Guo Shuwei , Hu Tianliang , Jiang Duoyu , Zhang Xinyi , Cao Lu , Jiang Xinbiao
Published: September 2023

The fast-neutron burst reactor is a chain reactor that can operate in a prompt critical state. In order to ensure the operational safety of the fast-neutron-pulse reactor and prevent the supercritical pulse from causing physical damage to the material, it is necessary to simulate and analyze the pulse operating conditions of the fast-neutron-pulse reactor. Godiva-I is a spherical assembly of highly enriched uranium metal made during the 1950s. A prompt-critical transient in such a nuclear system impels a quick power excursion, which will cause a temperature rise and a subsequent reactivity reduction because of the metal sphere’s expansion. The overall transient lasts for a few fractions of a millisecond. Based on the point kinetics and Monte Carlo method, the temporal and spatial characteristics of transient input power were calculated, the difference of the average reactivity temperature coefficient between uniform density and non-uniform density was compared, and the transient power distribution condition was loaded into the thermal–mechanics calculation of the MOOSE platform; thus, the pulse process of Godiva-I with different initial reactivity periods was simulated. The JFNK (Jacobian–Free–Newton–Krylov) direct method and multi-app indirect method were used to analyze the transient response of the pulse dynamic process using the heat conduction module and tenor mechanics module, respectively. After considering the influence of the inertia effect and wall-reflected neutrons, the simulation results were much closer to the experimental values. Based on the stochastic tools module, the uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis of the Godiva-I model were carried out, the uncertainty of external surface displacement of Godiva under input disturbance of material properties and heat source amplitude factor was obtained, and the sensitivity of different input parameters to output parameters was quantified. The research results can lay a technical foundation for the thermal–mechanics coupling analysis and uncertainty quantification of the metal fast reactor.
Drilling Deeper in Shallow Geoexchange Heat Pump Systems—Thermogeological, Energy and Hydraulic Benefits and Restraints
Authors: Kurevija Tomislav , Macenić Marija , Tuschl Martina
Published: September 2023

In the last decade, due to climate change concerns and new environmental regulations in the EU, there was a tremendous rise in installed heat pump systems in new homes and buildings. The majority of these installed units are related to air-source heat pumps, as they offer a good trade-off between capital and operating expenses. However, when analysing heating and cooling heat pump systems from the primary energy consumption and ecological aspects, groundwater and shallow geothermal heat pump systems offer superior efficiency, compared to all market-available thermo-technical systems today. In the last decade, ground-source systems have seen some technological improvement by employing new borehole heat exchanger designs, such as piping with internal fins and a wider diameter (so called Turbocollector) to enhance the heat transfer between fluid and rock, as well as to reduce the pressure drop in the system. Furthermore, the process of drilling deeper offers higher ground temperatures and consequently higher seasonal performance factors in the heating cycle, due to the effect of the geothermal gradient. Nevertheless, although deeper boreholes provide better heat extraction rates per meter during the heat pump heating cycle, at the same time, it reduces heat rejection rates during the heat pump cooling cycle. The objective of this paper is to analyse and evaluate benefits and downsides of a new approach in the heat pump system design with deeper borehole heat exchangers of up to 300 m, comparing it to the traditional design of double-loop exchangers with 100 m depth. The geothermal borehole grid design simulation model, along with heat extraction and rejection, is performed on a yearly basis. The results are showing that the benefits of shallow geothermal boreholes, from the hydraulic and thermodynamic point of view, still dominate over deeper solutions.
Advancements in Solar Panel Technology in Civil Engineering for Revolutionizing Renewable Energy Solutions—A Review
Authors: Vijayan Dhanasingh Sivalinga , Koda Eugeniusz , Sivasuriyan Arvindan , Winkler Jan , Devarajan Parthiban , Kumar Ramamoorthy Sanjay , Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Osinski Piotr , Podlasek Anna , Vaverková Magdalena Daria
Published: September 2023

Globally, solar energy has become a major contributor to the rapid adoption of renewable energy. Significant energy savings have resulted from the widespread utilization of solar energy in the industrial, residential, and commercial divisions. This review article comprises research conducted over the past 15 years (2008–2023), utilizing a comprehensive collection of 163 references. Significantly, a considerable focus is directed towards the period from 2020 to 2023, encompassing an extensive investigation into the latest developments in solar panel technology in civil engineering. The article examines the incorporation of solar panels into building designs and addresses installation-related structural considerations. In addition, the present review examines the applications of solar panels in terms of innovative infrastructure development applications of solar panels, such as photovoltaic parking lot canopies and photovoltaic noise barriers, which contribute to improved energy efficiency. It also emphasizes their role in water management systems, including water treatment plants, water pumping and irrigation systems, energy-efficient solar desalination technologies, and promoting sustainable water practices. In addition, this study examines how solar panels have been incorporated into urban planning, including smart cities and public parks, thereby transforming urban landscapes into greener alternatives. This study also examined the use of solar panels in building materials, such as façade systems and solar-powered building envelope solutions, demonstrating their versatility in the construction industry. This review explores the diverse applications of solar energy, which promotes sustainable practices in various industries. Owing to the ongoing research, solar energy holds great promise for a greener and cleaner future.
Up-to-Date Status of Geoscience in the Field of Natural Hydrogen with Consideration of Petroleum Issues
Authors: Knez Dariusz , Zamani Omid Ahmad Mahmoudi
Published: September 2023

The perspective of natural hydrogen as a clear, carbon-free, and renewable energy source appears very promising. There have been many studies reporting significant concentrations of natural hydrogen in different countries. However, natural hydrogen is being extracted to generate electricity only in Mali. This issue originates from the fact that global attention has not been dedicated yet to the progression and promotion of the natural hydrogen field. Therefore, being in the beginning stage, natural hydrogen science needs further investigation, especially in exploration techniques and exploitation technologies. The main incentive of this work is to analyze the latest advances and challenges pertinent to the natural hydrogen industry. The focus is on elaborating geological origins, ground exposure types, extraction techniques, previous detections of natural hydrogen, exploration methods, and underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Thus, the research strives to shed light on the current status of the natural hydrogen field, chiefly from the geoscience perspective. The data collated in this review can be used as a useful reference for the scientists, engineers, and policymakers involved in this emerging renewable energy source.
Mitigating the Negative Impact of Wind Power on Soaring Birds through Government Restrictions
Authors: Liang Xiaomeng , Yang Chenyujing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xue Yongji
Published: September 2023

Wind power is widely used and creates value worldwide. However, it also poses a threat to the survival of soaring birds. This study focuses on the role of government restrictions in mitigating the adverse effects of wind power on soaring birds. We used an overall research method to identify research questions, selected typical wind farms from different provinces and topographic landscapes in China for descriptive analysis, and supported by data from environmental impact reports, government gazettes, and walk-through surveys, analyzed and concluded that government restrictions can be used as a means of weakening the impacts of wind power generation on soaring birds. And our findings suggest that site control for wind farms that have not yet been established, restrictions on the timing of power generation for wind farms in operation, and ecological restoration of wind farms that have caused environmental damage are effective implementation options for government restrictions. Additionally, the policy strengths of the above government restrictions are guided, recommended, and mandatory, respectively. Government restrictions can serve as an effective means of mitigating the negative impact of wind power on soaring birds, generating economic value while maximizing the protection of soaring birds’ subsistence. Based on our findings, we call on governments to pay attention to the negative impacts of wind farms on soaring birds and put forward three concrete and feasible recommendations, expecting countries to enact governmental constraints to find a balance between economic, social, and ecological benefits.
High-Temperature Heat Pump Using CO2-Based Mixture for Simultaneous Heat and Cold Energy Reservation
Authors: Li Chengyu , Wang Yongzhen , Guo Qiang , Wang Youtang , Chen Hu
Published: September 2023

To leverage temperature glide in evaporation, a transcritcal heat pump using a CO2-based mixture is investigated from a perspective of simultaneous heat and cold energy storage. Coefficient of performance for heating (COPh) and exergy efficiency are used to evaluate system performance. A parametric investigation on the heat pump is conducted, and the coupling behavior of the cycle with thermal energy storage (TES) material is investigated in view of stored exergy of TES. Optimization and comparative studies are carried out among various mixtures. The results reveal that maximum cycle temperature is mainly affected by high pressure and superheating degree, while minimum cycle temperature, as well as cold exergy, is highly dependent on evaporating temperature glide, with little influence from high pressure. The total exergy efficiency can reach up to 60%. The temperature of low temperature TES could reach as low as −32.4 °C for CO2/R601, providing the largest proportion of cold exergy to total exergy, up to 30.1%.