bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological insulator behavior in low-temperature electrical resistivity of the high-entropy single-crystalline thick-filmed (Bi2/3Sb1/3)2 (Te2/5Se2/5S1/5)3 alloy
Authors: Ivanov O , Yaprintsev M , Yaprintseva E , Nickulicheva T , Vasil’ev A
Published: December 2023

High-entropy (Bi2/3Sb1/3)2(Te2/5Se2/5S1/5)3 alloy has been for the first time prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, spark plasma sintering and melting methods. Single-crystalline and single-phased film of the alloy with thickness of ∼0.11 mm was applied to find and analyze features in its electrical resistivity, which are characteristic of topological insulators. A crossover from high-temperature metal to low-temperature insulating behavior was observed in temperature dependence of the resistivity at T

C
≈ 32 K. The insulating behavior within 10 ÷ 25 K range can be due to electron–electron interaction between the 2D-electrons, existing in the surface conducting gapless states of topological insulators. Transverse magnetic field dependences of the resistivity are remarkably non-symmetric within temperature 3.5 ÷ 80 K range. The non-symmetric behavior of the magnetoresistivity is resulted from combination of antisymmetric linear and symmetric quadratic contributions. Around zero magnetic field, sharp cusps were observed within narrow magnetic field range. With increasing temperature, the cusps are gradually weaken and totally vanishing above T

C
. These cusps are characteristic of weak antilocalization that is one of key features of topological insulators. The cusps were analysed by in frames of the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model, developed for systems with strong spin–orbit coupling. At cooling below T

C
, the effective dephasing length rapidly increases. Within 10 ÷ 25 K range, temperature behaviour of the dephasing length can be described by the electron–electron scattering. Below 10 K other scattering mechanisms should be also considered.
Impact resistance of a double re-entrant negative poisson’s ratio honeycomb structure
Authors: Hai Hong , Chen Chenfeng , Wang Wei , Xu Weikai
Published: December 2023

Auxetic metamaterials, usually consisting of cellular solids or honeycombs, exhibit the advantages of high designability and tunability. In particular, the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) property endows them with innovative mechanical properties and makes them promising for a wide range of applications. This paper proposes a modified double re-entrant honeycomb (MDRH) structure and explores its Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio through theoretical derivation and finite element analysis. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between these parameters and the concave angle. Furthermore, the deformation mode, nominal stress–strain curve, and specific energy absorption of this MDRH are investigated for different impact velocities and compared with traditional re-entrant honeycomb (TRH) materials. The results show that the MDRH honeycomb structure greatly widens the range of effective modulus and NPR values. At different impact velocities, the MDRH exhibits high plateau stress and specific energy absorption, indicating good impact resistance. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the design and implementation of new energy-absorbing structures.
Probing the impact of Ba on properties of ZnO at the nanoscale: optical, dielectric and antibacterial activity evolution
Authors: Kayani Zohra Nazir , Farid Ayesha , Bashir Zainab , Shabbir Aqsa , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: December 2023

The sol–gel dip coating technique was used to manufacture undoped and Barium doped zinc oxide thin films. Doping is extensively used to refine semiconductor properties. Without and with varying ratios of Ba 1–9 wt% dopant, ZnO thin films have been manufactured. The effect of Ba on the dielectric, structural, antibacterial, optical and morphological characteristics of ZnO was investigated. The optical properties demonstrate that the bandgap of the pure ZnO thin film is higher than that of Ba-doped ZnO films, which is beneficial for improving solar cell performance. According to the XRD data, all films of ZnO have hexagonal wurtzite structures According to XRD structural analysis; the incorporation of Ba lowers the crystallinity of ZnO thin films by reducing the crystallite size. The Ba doping changes the surface roughness and morphology. The hopping process defines the dielectric characteristics that follow Koop’s theory as well as the Maxwell–Wagner model. A lower dielectric constant makes it ideal for high-frequency devices. These films exhibit ferromagnetism. Barium-doped zinc oxide photocatalyst could successfully decompose methylene blue dye by making it suitable for wastewater treatment. Ba doping effectively kills both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. They have antimicrobial applications in the food industry and biomedicine.
Insights into COVID-19 stochastic modelling with effects of various transmission rates: simulations with real statistical data from UK, Australia, Spain, and India
Authors: Xu Changjin , Pang Yicheng , Liu Zixin , Shen Jianwei , Liao Maoxin , Li Peiluan
Published: December 2023

In the literature [16], the COVID-19 model has been constructed using deterministic approach. The present manuscript examines a stochastic model designed to capture the interplay between COVID-19 and varying infection rates on disease dynamics. We present the necessary criteria for a global solution to the considered model to exist and be unique. To illustrate several outcomes pertaining to the ergodic properties of the given system, the we utilize nonlinear analysis. Furthermore, the model undergoes simulation and is compared with deterministic dynamics. To verify the efficacy of the considered model and demonstrate its utility, we compare the dynamics of the infected population to real statistical data from multiple countries, such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Spain, and India. The proposed model has proven to be a reliable and effective tool for understanding the intricate nature of COVID-19 dynamics. Moreover, we provide a visually striking depiction of the impact of different infection rates on the propagation of the model under investigation. This visualization provides valuable insight into the multifaceted nature of the pandemic and significantly contributes to the comprehension of COVID-19 dynamics.
Effect of pressure on the structure transitions and electronic properties of the organic semiconducting Bis(salicylaldehyde) crystal
Authors: Yang Cheng , Gong Zhicheng , Chen Limin , Wei Chao , Zhang Chao , Liu Chunsheng , Xie Qiyun
Published: December 2023

The structure, electronic, and optical properties of bis(salicylaldehyde) crystal under 0–300 GPa pressure are calculated by density functional theory (DFT). By comparing the lattice parameters (i.e., lattice constants, bond lengths, and bond angles) under different pressures, it is found that the lattice parameters are sensitive to pressure and change complicatedly with pressure. Furthermore, the analysis of the electronic structure shows that the crystal is an indirect bandgap semiconductor at 0 GPa and becomes a conductor at 115, 155, and 185 GPa, respectively, where the far- and near-Fermi levels density of states (DOS) in the valence band are mainly contributed by the O-2s orbital electrons, the joint effect of the C-2p and the O-2p orbital electrons respectively. Dielectric function studies have shown that it exhibits novel optical properties as the pressure increases, leading to different photoelectric properties.
Shallow relic gravitational wave spectrum with acoustic peak
Authors: Sharma Ramkishor , Dahl Jani , Brandenburg Axel , Hindmarsh Mark
Published: December 2023

We study the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum produced by acoustic waves in the early universe,
such as would be produced by a first order phase transition, focusing on the low-frequency side of the peak.
We confirm with numerical simulations the Sound Shell model prediction of a steep rise with wave number k of k
9 
to a peak whose magnitude grows at a rate (H/k
p)H, where H is the Hubble rate and k
p the peak wave number, set by the
peak wave number of the fluid velocity power spectrum. We also show that hitherto neglected terms give
a shallower part with amplitude (H/k
p)2 
in the range H ≲ k ≲ k
p, which in the limit of small H/k rises as k.
This linear rise has been seen in other modelling and also in direct numerical simulations.
The relative amplitude between the linearly rising part and the peak therefore depends on the peak wave number of the velocity spectrum and
the lifetime of the source, which in an expanding background is bounded above by the Hubble time H
-1.
For slow phase transitions, which have the lowest peak wave number and the loudest signals, the acoustic GW peak appears as a localized enhancement of
the spectrum, with a rise to the peak less steep than k
9.
The shape of the peak, absent in vortical turbulence,
may help to lift degeneracies in phase transition parameter estimation at future GW observatories.
Fast production of cosmological emulators in modified gravity: the matter power spectrum
Authors: Fiorini Bartolomeo , Koyama Kazuya , Baker Tessa
Published: December 2023

We test the convergence of fast simulations based on the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) method for predictions of the matter power spectrum, specialising our analysis in the redshift range 1 ≤ z ≤ 1.65, relevant to high-redshift spectroscopic galaxy surveys. We then focus on the enhancement of the matter power spectrum in modified gravity (MG), the boost factor, using the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) theory as a test case but developing a general approach that can be applied to other MG theories. After identifying the minimal simulation requirements for accurate DGP boost factors, we design and produce a COLA simulation suite that we use to train a neural network emulator for the DGP boost factor. Using MG-AREPO simulations as a reference, we estimate the emulator accuracy to be of ∼ 3% up to k = 5 h Mpc-1 at 0 ≤ z ≤ 2. We make the emulator publicly available at: https://github.com/BartolomeoF/nDGPemu.
Strong vertices of bottom mesons B and B* and bottomonia
, ηb
*
Authors: Lu 卢 Jie 杰 , Yu 于 Guo-Liang 国梁 , Wang 王 Zhi-Gang 志刚 , Wu 吴 Bin 彬
Published: December 2023

In this study, the strong coupling constants of vertices

,

,

,

, and

are analyzed in the framework of QCD sum rules. All possible off-shell cases and the contributions of vacuum condensate terms including

,

,

,

, and

are considered. The momentum dependent strong coupling constants are first calculated and then fitted into the analytical function

, which is extrapolated to time-like regions to obtain the final values of strong coupling constants. The final results are

,

GeV

,

,

, and

GeV

. These strong coupling constants are important input parameters that reflect the dynamic properties of the interactions among the mesons and quarkonia.
What can we learn from recent 2ν
β
β experiments?*
Authors: Fang 房 Dong-Liang 栋梁
Published: December 2023

Recent measurements of the two neutrino double beta decay high precision electron spectra, combined with charge exchange or β-decay experimental data, have revealed severe constraints across current nuclear many body calculations. Our calculations show that the quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA) approach can adequately reproduce the measured spectra for the two open shell nuclei,

Se and

Mo. For the closed shell nucleus

Xe, QRPA can also reproduce the spectra with proper treatments. Considering the high-lying state reduction, we also find that the nuclear shell model can also adequately reproduce the spectra and Gamow-Teller transition strength under a unique quenched axial-vector coupling constant

. For

Xe, we find that flipping the sign for the decay strength causes the spectra to go beyond the so-called high-lying state dominance hypothesis. These results call for future high precision measurements of charge-exchange reactions.
Corrigendum: Factual Disagreements in Construction Delay Disputes: Identification, Evaluation and Testing of the Justifications for Differences in Opinion (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1101 052001)
Authors: Atanasov V A , Greenwood D J , Sanchez D E , Hatcher C J
Published: December 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Corrigendum: Forensic Delay Analysis as Evidence of Transaction Costs in Construction Projects (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1101 052009)
Authors: Atanasov V A , Greenwood D J , Ross H , Sanchez D E
Published: December 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Distribution of the Surface Ruptures in the Kalaotoa Due to the 2021 M
w
7.3 Flores Sea Earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Maulana B R , Burhanuddin M S , Akbar M F
Published: December 2023

A magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurred at precisely 11:20 on December 14, 2021, within the Flores Sea region of Indonesia, precipitating a consequential landslide event. This seismic incident induced the creation of an extensive rupture zone spanning approximately 8 kilometers along the Kalaotoa fault (KF) system, which exhibits an NNE-NW-SSE trend. The objective of this study was to concentrate specifically on the Kalaotoa Island vicinity, situated approximately 40 kilometers from the earthquake’s epicenter, encompassing meticulous orientation and comprehensive field surveys conducted during the reconnaissance phase. The results of the ground assessment have been combined with spatial analysis data to ascertain the configuration and dispersion of ruptures subsequent to the earthquake, thus delineating the affected region as a prospective area susceptible to seismic events and subsequent calamities. In the vicinity proximate to the northern epicenter, fractures resulting from the seismic activity were consolidated, exhibiting considerable devastation in the form of ground fissures, rock avalanches, landslides, and structural collapses, and were predominantly oriented in a roughly NE-SW direction. Notably significant are the southern beaches of Lato’do and the eastern extremity of the rupture zone in the Lembang Mate’ne area, where coastal transgression and extensive inundation during high tides have been observed due to subsidence of 1.2 meters since the 2021 Flores Sea earthquake. Horizontal displacement around Kalaotoa Port, north of the Karumpa-Kawawo area. Displacement distribution, slip sense, and crustal deformation after earthquake propagate unilaterally to the north, resulting in a movement of the northeast side of the fault concerning SE.
Makassar City Air Pollution Forecast in 2045
Authors: Jusri  , Jamil M H , Barkey Roland A.
Published: December 2023

Air pollution is a problem for all countries in the world, especially for urban areas, because most sources of air pollution are in urban areas. In 2019, it was predicted that ambient air pollution from PM2.5 caused 4.2 million premature deaths globally. It contributes to cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems. Makassar is the most populous city in South Sulawesi Province, with a population of 1,427,619 in 2021. The number of motorized vehicles in 2021 is 1,740,793 units and 1,113 industries. With these conditions, Makassar City has a high potential for air pollution. This research aims to forecast the air pollution level of Makassar City in 2045. The forecasting results can be a reference in developing an air pollution control plan in Makassar City. The forecasting model used is LSTM which is the development of RNN architecture. The results of air pollution forecasting are displayed in the form of an air pollution standard index (ISPU) for easy understanding by the general public. Based on the forecasting results in 2045, the level of air pollution in Makassar City is in the moderate and unhealthy categories. Despite still being dominated by the moderate category, it should be a concern that air quality is no longer in the good category.
Barcoding a glass eel migration: a snapshot of taxa migrating upstream in the Palu River, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Serdiati Novalina , Ndobe Samliok , Rosyida Eka , Moore Abigail Mary
Published: December 2023

Eels of the genus Anguilla are high value food fish with a catadromous life cycle. As tropical anguillid glass eels migrate to freshwater in multi-species schools, effective management of these and other diadromous resources requires reliable data. Previous research using two morphological methods concluded that between three and five anguillid eels recruit to the Palu River in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia with interannual and seasonal variations in species composition, size structure, and co-migrating taxa. Some glass eels and other taxa could not be identified based on external morphology. To clarify the taxonomic uncertainty regarding species recruiting to the Palu River this study applied DNA barcoding using the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecular marker. Taxa identified from the first sampling of glass eels and other taxa recruiting in these mixed schools included three anguillid eels, five other fishes, two crustacea and one mollusc, presenting a snapshot of taxa migrating upstream in the Palu River. Current GenBank accessions did not enable species level identification of two fish larvae (families Eleotridae and Tetraroginae). The sequences will add to Indonesian accessions in the GenBank repository and inform resource management, including the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for monitoring Indonesian anguillid eels.
Characteristic of Alteration and Mineralization of Sulfide Deposits at Sasak area, Tana Toraja, Indonesia
Authors: Ittong  , Maulana Adi , Irfan Ulva Ria
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and the mineralization of sulfide deposits in the Sasak area. The method used is field research which includes observations of lithology, geomorphology, and geological structures and subsurface data collection with geomagnetic and polarization induction (IP), laboratory analysis methods in the form of petrographic, mineragraphy, AAS, and Fire Assay. The alteration characteristics start from strong intense potassic, argillic, and intense silicification to strong intense prophylitic. The mineralization is sulfide consisting of galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and covellite (CuS) as well as a small amount of chalcocite (CuS2). Limonite, magnetite, and quartz are the dominant accompanying minerals, while gold-silver (Au-Ag) tends to be associated with limonite or quartz. Covellite tends to exist on the surface of chalcopyrite. Galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and covellite are complexly bound to pyrite minerals or between the three minerals in fine sizes, there is even superfine galena as inclusions in pyrite. Based on the characteristics of alteration and mineralization indicates a porphyry-type deposit.
Paleoweathering and Detrital Provenance of Balangbaru Shale, in South Sulawesi
Authors: Burhanuddin M.S. , Hidayah B. , Santy L.D. , Maulana B.R.
Published: December 2023

Sulawesi Island, known for its geological complexity, offers a unique opportunity for researchers to investigate further into sedimentary basins particularly in South Sulawesi area. The Cretaceous Balangbaru Shale is one of the rocks that has an extensive distribution in South Sulawesi especially in the western part. Due to limitation of geological information related to this formation we performed the paleodepositional investigation to elucidate the paleoweathering, geochemistry characterization, and detrital provenance of the Balangbaru Shale. Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that fine-grained sedimentary rocks can serve as valuable archives of geochemical information, enabling the reconstruction of paleoclimate evolution during the deposition period. Employing XRF quantitative analysis, we examine the dispersion of major elements within eight distinct layers of the Shale. Additionally, comprehensive whole-rock analyses enable us to ascertain the abundance of major elements and subsequently deduce detrital SiO2 and biogenic SiO2 content, thereby comprehending the inorganic geochemical composition of the Balangbaru Shale.

The present study seeks to address the limited understanding of the geochemical properties of the Balangbaru Shale, specifically pertaining to paleoweathering intensity and detrital provenance. Acknowledging the scarcity of recent data available on the subject matter, this research aims to bridge the limitation data gap by conducting an in-depth investigation into the geochemical characteristics of the Balangbaru Shale by employing major oxides concentrations (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, P2O5, MgO, CaO, Na2O, MnO, TiO2, Cr2O3) and trace elements (Sr, Cu, Ba, Th, Ni, V, Th, U) into the equations such as C-value, chemical index alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), weathering index of parker (WIP) and ratio of Rb/Sr, U/Th, Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba. Furthermore, the major oxides ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 and TiO2/Zr were performed to specify the sediment provenance and the source-area rock compositions of the Balangbaru Shale. The obtained data reveals a moderate to high degree of weathering intensity in the detrital source environment of the Balangbaru Shale, suggesting warm to humid climate conditions in the source region. Additionally, the analysis of the detrital fraction indicates the possible origin of the Balangbaru Shale from felsic rocks. Overall, these findings contribute significantly to the understanding of paleoenvironmental conditions associated with the Balangbaru Shale, shedding light on its geological history.
Mineralogical Studies of the Tanjung Iron Mine in the Bone, South Sulawesi: Implication for AMD Generation
Authors: Saputra A , Ramli M , Sufriadin  , Nurhikmah
Published: December 2023

The iron ore of abandoned iron mine at the Tanjung Arae in Bone Regency has been investigated with the aim to analyze mineralogical characteristics and its potential for generating acid mine drainage (AMD). Mineralogical properties of the iron ore were analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Results of analysis reveal that the samples are dominated by iron oxide minerals such as magnetite, hematite and goethite. Other minerals are also present such as quartz, birnessite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Mostly pyrite [FeS2] and chalcopyrite [CuFeS2] have been undergoing alteration which are characterized by weathering rims of those crystals and transformed into goethite and hematite. It is shown that the existence of pyrite [FeS2] and chalcopyrite [CuFeS2] may have significant roles in triggering the generation of AMD.
The Influence of Livelihoods on Coastal Settlement Patterns in Kampung Padang
Authors: Ali M. Haspi , Asmal Idawarni , Amin Samsuddin
Published: December 2023

Livelihood is important for a person to maintain his life. Livelihoods can determine the location and shape of settlement patterns. The problem that often occurs is the formation of settlement patterns in Kampung Padang, Selayar Islands district, which cannot be separated from the influence of population growth and activity from year to year which begins to develop because the population of the local community is getting denser so that it can affect settlement patterns both in terms of facilities and infrastructure, and social aspects-economy (livelihoods) in a residential area itself. Judging from the livelihood aspect of the people of Padang, some residents are now starting to have other livelihoods besides fishing; this new livelihood can provide added value to the economy in supporting their daily needs. This research aims to discover the characteristics of the Kampung Padang settlement pattern and how the population’s livelihoods affect the settlement pattern. This study uses a combined method, namely qualitative and quantitative. Data was collected through direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results show that the shape of the settlement pattern is clustered with an index value (T) consisting of North Padang 0.19, Central Padang 0.177, and South Padang 0.18. Moreover, it shows a relationship or correlation between livelihoods and settlement patterns.
Crustal properties investigation in the Meratus Complex Zone, Southeast Borneo, using H-κ stacking of receiver function analysis
Authors: Syuhada S , Pranata B , Anggono T , Dewi C N , Ramdhan M , Prasetio A D , Febriani F , Hasib M
Published: December 2023

We study crustal properties using teleseismic receiver functions extracted from two broadband seismic stations around the Meratus Complex region, Southeast Borneo. The two seismic stations, BBKI and KBKI, are distributed in the Meratus Mountains and Pulau Laut. We then employ the H-κ stacking technique to measure the crustal thickness (H) and the crustal average Vp/Vs ratio (κ). The method works quite well for receiver functions recorded on seismic station KBKI. The thickness of the crust and Vp/Vs ratio underneath this station are around 38 km and 1.64, respectively. On the contrary, the standard H-κ method fails in estimating the crustal properties beneath station BBKI due to significant sedimentary contamination on the receiver functions. Thus, we apply the sequential H-κ stacking analysis by removing the sedimentary effect and increasing the Moho Ps amplitude. The result shows the thickness of the crust is around 29 km, although the Vp/Vs is not well determined. The research findings from both stations are comparable to those derived from the previous receiver function study using inversion modelling. The crustal properties around this area may reflect the continental material part of the Sunda continental block.
Preliminary study of the methanol production process from coal to support the coal downstream program
Authors: Daranin Edwin Akhdiat , Umar Datin Fatia , Gunawan  , Nendaryono  , Zulfahmi Z. , Wijaya Truman , Setiawan Liston
Published: December 2023

Coal downstreaming is a government program to create a comparative and competitive advantage of coal and its various derivative products. Coal derivative products are expected to be economically competitive with oil and natural gas. One of the coal downstream programs is the production of methanol from coal through the gasification process. The development of the methanol industry will support the government’s program of the transfer from fuel-based oil to biodiesel and will reduce dependence on imports. All types of coal in this study can be used as raw material for the methanol production. The coal with high mositure content ((>40%), prior to the gasification process, a dewatering process is required. The dewatering process chosen is the steam tube drying process, the gasification process with a fixed bed gasifier type, the Davy or Johnson Matthey low pressure methanol synthesis technology and the copper – zinc oxide with aluminum oxide or chromium oxide (Cu – ZnO – Al2O3/Cu – ZnO – Cr2O3) catalyst type.
Depth Estimation of Moho Discontinuity Layer at 5 BMKG Seismic Stations in East Java Using Receiver Function Method
Authors: Susena P K O , Ariyanto P , Pranata B , Daryono  , Adi S P
Published: December 2023

East Java is one of the areas with a high level of seismicity due to the existence of a subduction zone in the south of Java Island. In addition, there are also active faults and active volcanos in East Java. This study aims to determine the depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer and subduction slab using receiver function method based on the iterative time domain deconvolution. This study was conducted using teleseismic earthquake data with an epicenter distance of 30°–90° from the receiver station and magnitude more than 6 (M≥6). 5 BMKG seismic stations that form a straight line are used, including those in the Bawean Arc (BWJI), Rembang Zone (BAJI), Kendeng Zone (SIJM), Modern Mountain Arc (PPJI), Southern Mountain Zone (GEJI). The depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer at BWJI Station was observed in ranges from 36–38 km, at BAJI Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at SIJM Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at PPJI Station it ranges from 46–48 km, and at GEJI Station it ranges from 33–36 km. In general, the Moho Discontinuity layer in the mountainous region is deeper due to the isostasy effect.
Isotropic sintering shrinkage of 3D glass-ceramic nanolattices: backbone preforming and mechanical enhancement
Authors: Chai Nianyao , Yue Yunfan , Chen Xiangyu , Zeng Zhongle , Li Sheng , Wang Xuewen
Published: December 2023

There is a perpetual pursuit for free-form glasses and ceramics featuring outstanding mechanical properties as well as chemical and thermal resistance. It is a promising idea to shape inorganic materials in three-dimensional (3D) forms to reduce their weight while maintaining high mechanical properties. A popular strategy for the preparation of 3D inorganic materials is to mold the organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists into 3D micro- and nano-structures and remove the organic components by subsequent sintering. However, due to the discrete arrangement of inorganic components in the organic-inorganic hybrid photoresists, it remains a huge challenge to attain isotropic shrinkage during sintering. Herein, we demonstrate the isotropic sintering shrinkage by forming the consecutive –Si–O–Si–O–Zr–O– inorganic backbone in photoresists and fabricating 3D glass–ceramic nanolattices with enhanced mechanical properties. The femtosecond (fs) laser is used in two-photon polymerization (TPP) to fabricate 3D green body structures. After subsequent sintering at 1000 °C, high-quality 3D glass–ceramic microstructures can be obtained with perfectly intact and smooth morphology. In-suit compression experiments and finite-element simulations reveal that octahedral-truss (oct-truss) lattices possess remarkable adeptness in bearing stress concentration and maintain the structural integrity to resist rod bending, indicating that this structure is a candidate for preparing lightweight and high stiffness glass–ceramic nanolattices. 3D printing of such glasses and ceramics has significant implications in a number of industrial applications, including metamaterials, microelectromechanical systems, photonic crystals, and damage-tolerant lightweight materials.
Effect of temperature, geometric parameters, and surface conditions on fluid mixing in a vertical port static mixer
Authors: Mathew Vinoj , Robinson Smart D S , Wins K Leo Dev , Dhas D S Ebenezer Jacob
Published: December 2023

This study comprehensively investigates how elevated temperature and surface roughness affect vertical liquid jet mixing in a multi-port nozzle, using both experimental and computational methods. It explores various geometrical parameters and precise nozzle positioning. Experiments, conducted across different temperature and surface roughness conditions, involve adjusting convergent nozzle angles, driving nozzle distance from the throat, and insert presence. Conductivity probes, turbidity meters, and pH meters quantify fluid mixing under diverse conditions. Optimal mixing conditions for vertical flow secondary fluid inlets are determined, along with corresponding mixing efficiencies for each port. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with ANSYS Fluent R2 2001 confirm that the highest mixing efficiency of nearly 98% is achieved with an elevated temperature of 50 °C, a rough-surfaced convergent nozzle, a helical insert, and a 45 mm driving nozzle distance, when all vertical ports are open simultaneously. These findings advance understanding of optimizing vertical-flow mixing in multi-port static mixers under varying conditions.
Staining, magnification, and algorithmic conditions for highly accurate cell detection and cell classification by deep learning
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhide , Sakabe Nanako , Ito Chihiro , Shimoyama Yuka , Toda Kenta , Fukuda Kenta , Yoshizaki Yuma , Sato Shouichi , Nagata Kohzo
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Research into cytodiagnosis has seen an active exploration of cell detection and classification using deep learning models. We aimed to clarify the challenges of magnification, staining methods, and false positives in creating general purpose deep learning–based cytology models.

Methods

Using 11 types of human cancer cell lines, we prepared Papanicolaou- and May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG)–stained specimens. We created deep learning models with different cell types, staining, and magnifications from each cell image using the You Only Look Once, version 8 (YOLOv8) algorithm. Detection and classification rates were calculated to compare the models.

Results

The classification rates of all the created models were over 95.9%. The highest detection rates of the Papanicolaou and MGG models were 92.3% and 91.3%, respectively. The highest detection rates of the object detection and instance segmentation models, which were 11 cell types with Papanicolaou staining, were 94.6% and 91.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

We believe that the artificial intelligence technology of YOLOv8 has sufficient performance for applications in screening and cell classification in clinical settings. Conducting research to demonstrate the efficacy of YOLOv8 artificial intelligence technology on clinical specimens is crucial for overcoming the unique challenges associated with cytology.
Transgenerational exposure to deoxygenation and warming disrupts mate detection in Gammarus locusta
Authors: Pereira Beatriz P , Neff Simon , Borges Francisco O , Otjacques Eve , Barreto Guilherme , Ranucci Maddalena , Court Mélanie , Rosa Rui , Repolho Tiago , Paula José Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Ocean deoxygenation and warming have been shown to pose a growing threat to the health of marine organisms and ecosystems. Yet, the potential for acclimation and adaptation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transgenerational exposure to reduced oxygen availability and elevated seawater temperature on the chemosensory-dependent mating mechanisms of male amphipods Gammarus locusta. Three subsequent generations were exposed to four experimental treatments for 30 days: 1) present-day scenario, 2) warming; 3) deoxygenation; and 4) warming + deoxygenation. After exposure, the number of individuals that reached adulthood was gauged, and adult males from F0 and F1 were subjected to behavioral trials to assess their capacity of long-distance female cue detection through quantification of response time, the first direction of movement, activity rate, and proportion of time spent in female scent cues. Ocean warming induced mortality, and reduced oxygen availability had adverse effects on each of the investigated behavioral traits, which were amplified when combined with elevated temperature. Still, when compared with F0, the F1 generation demonstrated more adaptability (i.e., higher activity rate and preference for female odors) to the combination of the two stressors, suggesting positive carry-over effects. Nevertheless, full recovery to control levels was not observed. Altogether, this study indicates that future scenarios of ocean deoxygenation and warming have the potential to disrupt chemosensory-dependent mate detection in amphipods, but also suggests possible behavioral adaptations. We call for greater research efforts on long-term impacts of ocean change on the behavioral and physiological processes of benthic coastal communities.
‘Permanent Temporariness’ as a Critical Lens: A Framework for Social Work with Forced Migrants
Authors: Birger Lior
Published: December 2023

The realities of increasing numbers of forced migrants in Global North countries, including families and children, are shaped by a regime of permanent temporariness—the granting of temporary status for prolonged periods. This uncertainty-producing state means that people are temporarily banned from deportation, but their futures remain unclear and they have almost no access to rights, including social services. Whilst the role of temporality in understanding migrants’ everyday realities is gaining attention in migration scholarship, such a perspective has seldom been integrated into social work literature. As such, this article offers to adopt permanent temporariness as a critical lens for social work with forced migrants in ongoing precarious situations. It offers a conceptualisation of the meanings and implications of permanent temporariness for the lives of forced migrant families and children, manifesting on the individual, familial and extra-familial levels. Thus, the present article highlights the critical role that legal liminality plays in organising people’s lives and intensifying other coinciding post-migration challenges. Finally, implications for a temporal-aware approach in social work with displaced families and individuals are discussed, calling into question the linearity of social work frameworks and the necessity and feasibility of a future-oriented intervention in situations of prolonged uncertainty.
p38γ MAPK delays myelination and remyelination and is abundant in multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Marziali Leandro N , Hwang Yoonchan , Palmisano Marilena , Cuenda Ana , Sim Fraser J , Gonzalez Alberto , Volsko Christina , Dutta Ranjan , Trapp Bruce D , Wrabetz Lawrence , Feltri Maria L
Published: December 2023

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which disability results from the disruption of myelin and axons. During the initial stages of the disease, injured myelin is replaced by mature myelinating oligodendrocytes that differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, myelin repair fails in secondary and chronic progressive stages of the disease and with ageing, as the environment becomes progressively more hostile. This may be attributable to inhibitory molecules in the multiple sclerosis environment including activation of the p38MAPK family of kinases. We explored oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelin repair using animals with conditional ablation of p38MAPKγ from oligodendrocyte precursors.

We found that p38γMAPK ablation accelerated oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. This resulted in an increase in both the total number of oligodendrocytes and the migration of progenitors ex vivo and faster remyelination in the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination. Consistent with its role as an inhibitor of myelination, p38γMAPK was significantly downregulated as oligodendrocyte precursor cells matured into oligodendrocytes. Notably, p38γMAPK was enriched in multiple sclerosis lesions from patients. Oligodendrocyte progenitors expressed high levels of p38γMAPK in areas of failed remyelination but did not express detectable levels of p38γMAPK in areas where remyelination was apparent.

Our data suggest that p38γ could be targeted to improve myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
Biallelic BORCS8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics
Authors: De Pace Raffaella , Maroofian Reza , Paimboeuf Adeline , Zamani Mina , Zaki Maha S , Sadeghian Saeid , Azizimalamiri Reza , Galehdari Hamid , Zeighami Jawaher , Williamson Chad D , Fleming Emily , Zhou Dihong , Gannon Jennifer L , Thiffault Isabelle , Roze Emmanuel , Suri Mohnish , Zifarelli Giovanni , Bauer Peter , Houlden Henry , Severino Mariasavina , Patten Shunmoogum A , Farrow Emily , Bonifacino Juan S
Published: December 2023

BLOC-one-related complex (BORC) is a multiprotein complex composed of eight subunits named BORCS1–8. BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors to promote anterograde transport of lysosomes toward the peripheral cytoplasm in non-neuronal cells and the distal axon in neurons. The physiological and pathological importance of BORC in humans, however, remains to be determined. Here, we report the identification of compound heterozygous variants [missense c.85T>C (p.Ser29Pro) and frameshift c.71-75dupTGGCC (p.Asn26Trpfs*51)] and homozygous variants [missense c.196A>C (p.Thr66Pro) and c.124T>C (p.Ser42Pro)] in BORCS8 in five children with a severe early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder from three unrelated families.

The children exhibit global developmental delay, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, limb spasticity, muscle wasting, dysmorphic facies, optic atrophy, leuko-axonopathy with hypomyelination, and neurodegenerative features with prevalent supratentorial involvement.

Cellular studies using a heterologous transfection system show that the BORCS8 missense variants p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro and p.Thr66Pro are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. The BORCS8 frameshift variant p.Asn26Trpfs*51, on the other hand, is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery.

Therefore, all the BORCS8 variants are partial or total loss-of-function alleles and are thus likely pathogenic. Knockout of the orthologous borcs8 in zebrafish causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease.

These findings thus identify BORCS8 as a novel genetic locus for an early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder and highlight the critical importance of BORC and lysosome dynamics for the development and function of the central nervous system.
Defining repetitive behaviours in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Restrepo-Martínez Miguel , Ramirez-Bermudez Jesus , Chacon-Gonzalez Jacobo , Ruiz-Garcia Ramiro , Malik Rubina , Finger Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Repetitive behaviours are common manifestations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Patients with FTD exhibit various types of repetitive behaviours with unique behavioural and cognitive substrates, including compulsivity, lack of impulse control, stereotypy and hoarding. Other sources of repetitive behaviours, such as restrictive interests and insistence on sameness, may also be seen in FTD. Although repetitive behaviours are highly prevalent and potentially discriminatory in this population, their expression varies widely between patients, and the field lacks consensus about the classification of these behaviours. Terms used to describe repetitive behaviours in FTD are highly heterogeneous and may lack precise definitions. This lack of harmonization of the definitions for distinct forms of repetitive behaviour limits the ability to differentiate between pathological behaviours and impedes understanding of their underlying mechanisms.

This review examines established definitions of well-characterized repetitive behaviours in other neuropsychiatric disorders and proposes operational definitions applicable to patients with FTD. Building on extant models of repetitive behaviours in non-human and lesion work and models of social behavioural changes in FTD, we describe the potential neurocognitive bases for the emergence of different types of repetitive behaviours in FTD and their potential perpetuation by a predisposition towards habit formation. Finally, examples of distinct therapeutic approaches for different forms of repetitive behaviours are highlighted, along with future directions to accurately classify, measure and treat these symptoms when they impair quality of life.
Pore-forming neurons: a new paradigm of pyroptotic cell death in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Periyasamy Palsamy , Buch Shilpa
Published: December 2023

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Caspase cleavage of gasdermin E causes neuronal pyroptosis in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder’ by Fernandes et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad375).
Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of complement receptor 1 in clonal B cells in cold agglutinin disease
Authors: Małecka Agnieszka , Østlie Ingunn , Trøen Gunhild , Małecki Jędrzej , Delabie Jan , Tierens Anne , Munthe Ludvig A , Berentsen Sigbjørn , Tjønnfjord Geir E
Published: December 2023

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow, manifested by autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by binding of monoclonal IgM autoantibodies to the I antigen. Underlying genetic changes have previously been reported, but their impact on gene expression profile has been unknown. Here, we define differentially expressed genes in CAD B cells. To unravel downstream alteration in cellular pathways, gene expression by RNA sequencing was undertaken. Clonal B-cell samples from 12 CAD patients and IgM-expressing memory B cells from 4 healthy individuals were analyzed. Differential expression analysis and filtering resulted in 93 genes with significant differential expression. Top upregulated genes included SLC4A1, SPTA1, YBX3, TESC, HBD, AHSP, TRAF1, HBA2, RHAG, CA1, SPTB, IL10, UBASH3B, ALAS2, HBA1, CRYM, RGCC, KANK2, and IGHV4-34. They were upregulated at least 8-fold, while complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) was downregulated 11-fold in clonal CAD B cells compared to control B cells. Flow cytometry analyses further confirmed reduced CR1 (CD35) protein expression by clonal CAD IgM+ B cells compared to IgM+ memory B cells in controls. CR1 (CD35) is an important negative regulator of B-cell activation and differentiation. Therefore, reduced CR1 (CD35) expression may increase activation, proliferation, and antibody production in CAD-associated clonal B cells.
Multicentre study on late outcomes of biventricular repair of double outlet right ventricle
Authors: Lacour-Gayet François , Zoghbi Joy , Gouton Marielle , Roussin Régine , Bical Olivier , Lucet Vincent , Saint-Pick Marion , Leca Francine
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES

The goal of this retrospective multicentre study was to present late surgical outcomes of the treatment of children with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) coming from emerging countries.

METHODS

The Mécénat Chirurgie Cardiaque brings to France for surgery selected children with simple and complex congenital diseases, including DORV. The patients are operated on in 9 hospitals that specialize in paediatric cardiac surgery. Data are collected from the Mécénat Chirurgie Cardiaque comprehensive database, with a strict postoperative follow-up. The patients included only those who had biventricular repair of DORV with 2 viable ventricles. According to the classification of the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, DORV was defined as a congenital cardiovascular malformation in which both great arteries arise entirely or predominantly from the morphologically right ventricle.

RESULTS

From January 1996 to January 2022, a total of 81 consecutive DORV biventricular repair operations were performed. There were 6 subtypes of DORV divided into 2 groups: DORV-committed ventricular septal defect (VSD): DORV-VSD (n = 25), DORV-Fallot (n = 34), DORV-transposition of the great arteries (n = 5); and DORV-non-committed (nc) VSD: DORV-ncVSD-no pulmonary stenosis (PS) (n = 7), DORV-ncVSD-PS (n = 5) and DORV-atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)-PS (n = 5). Four Fontan patients were excluded. Three patients were lost to follow-up (3.4%). The overall perioperative mortality was 7.4% ± 2.6%, 6/81 (95% confidence interval: 2.8%–15.4%) ranging from 0% in DORV-AVSD-PS to 14% for DORV-ncVSD-no PS. The overall 10-year survival was 86%. The early mortality of DORV-ncVSD at 5.9% ± 2.4% (1/17) was similar to that of DORV-committed VSD at 7.8% ± 2.7% (5/64) (P = 0.79). There was a trend towards an optimal outcome for the arterial switch operation and the DORV-AVSD-PS repair. VSD enlargement was significantly more frequent in DORV-ncVSD at 42% (5/12) (P = 0.001). There were low numbers in the complex groups. The number of Fontan cases was noticeably low. The aorta located entirely on the right ventricle represents the fundamental anomaly and the surgical challenge of DORV.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall survival at 10 years was 86%. This study shows a trend towards satisfactory early and late outcomes in BVR of simple DORV with committed VSD, compared to complex DORV with ncVSD.