bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of YouTube peer feedback on attitudes toward recovery from non-suicidal self-injury: An experimental pilot study
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Seko Yukari , Joshi Poojan
Published: June 2018

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern facing adolescents and young adults worldwide. Despite growing concern that accessing NSSI content on the internet may negatively influence perceptions toward NSSI recovery, no studies have examined actual impacts.

Objectives

This experimental pilot study assessed the impact of exposure to hopeless versus hopeful peer messages on perceptions toward NSSI recovery. It was hypothesized that exposure to hopeless messages would lead to more negative perceptions about NSSI recovery whereas the opposite would occur for hopeful messages.

Methods

We developed fictional peer comments embedded in a screenshot of an NSSI-themed YouTube video and randomly assigned participants to either hopeless or hopeful recovery-oriented comments. Participants’ attitudes toward NSSI recovery, recovery-oriented subjective norms, and recovery self-efficacy were measured pre- and post-exposure using an online questionnaire.

Results

Sixty-one participants with a self-reported NSSI history (mean age 20.89 years) completed the online survey. There was a statistically significant effect for attitudes toward recovery. Within the hopeful comment condition, there was an increase in positive attitudes toward recovery and in recovery-oriented subjective norms. Participants exposed to hopeless peer messages did not report an increase in hopeless attitudes toward NSSI recovery.

Conclusions

Our pilot study indicated that exposure to hopeful online messages improved positive attitudes toward recovery and recovery-oriented subjective norms, while exposure to hopeless messages did not increase hopeless attitudes. Future research on the impacts of online peer comments on one’s attitude toward NSSI recovery and support-seeking behavior could further inform practices and policies.
Fear Factory: Retaliation and Rights Claiming in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Foster Jason , Barnetson Bob , Matsunaga-Turnbull Jared
Published: June 2018

Fear of retaliation poses a significant barrier to workers exercising their employment rights and claiming statutory benefits. This study of 2000 workers in the western Canadian province of Alberta found modest overall levels of worker fear (16%) of retaliation. Much higher fear levels (>40%) are reported in the most dangerous workplaces. Fear levels also escalated as the exercise of rights became more active, concrete, and potentially costly and disruptive for the employer. Workers who did not claim workers’ compensation benefits or refuse unsafe work flagged fear of retaliation as a significant factor. These findings raise serious questions about the effectiveness of making workers primarily responsible for triggering the enforcement of employment rights.
A Flapless Surgical Placement of Implants in Mandibular Arch Using Computer-Guided Surgical Stent
Authors: Gajjar Chirag , Ajmera Vidhi , Shah Darshana , Chauhan Chirag , Doshi Paras
Published: June 2018

The loss of teeth is always challenging for the patients. It is not only a functional loss but also a psychological and social loss. But with the advent of dental implants, this clinical situation can be dealt with tactfully. In an edentulous arch, prosthetic rehabilitation by all on 6 implants require accurate placement of implants for a successful result. A computer-guided surgical stent can be advantageous over arbitrary placement of implants and can overcome the difficulties associated with arbitrary placement. Using the cone beam computed tomography of the patient, virtual planning of implant is done. The exact implant angulations can be visualized to achieve the best possible esthetics and occlusion. This information is then converted to fabricate a stent using three-dimensional printing. Using this stent, a flapless surgical implant placement can be done which will reduce the post-operative trauma. This case report describes a case of a patient having an edentulous mandibular arch. The prosthetic rehabilitation of the mandibular arch was done by flapless surgical placement of six implants using a computer-guided surgical stent.
A Rare Case of Raoultella planticola Urinary Tract Infection in a Patient With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Authors: Mehmood Hassan , Pervin Najwa , Israr Ul Haq Muhammad , Kamal Khushbakht Ramsha , Marwat Asghar , Khan Muzammil
Published: June 2018

Raoultella planticola is a gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile mostly found in environments with high prevalence in soil and water. This organism is a very rare human pathogen as only 29 cases of Raoultella planticola–related infections have been reported until 2017, with only 7 cases in the United States. Only 3 cases of urinary tract infection secondary to R planticola have been reported, 1 in a pediatric patient and 2 in adults. In this article, we present a case of R planticola urinary tract infection in a 65-year-old male with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. On investigation, the patient was found to be septic and empirical antibiotic was started for gram-negative coverage. The patient showed remarkable improvement and discharged on oral antibiotic for 7 days. R planticola rarely cause infection in humans, with overall good prognosis.
Feminist Twitter and Gender Attitudes: Opportunities and Limitations to Using Twitter in the Study of Public Opinion
Authors: Scarborough William J.
Published: June 2018

In this study, the author tests whether one form of big data, tweets about feminism, provides a useful measure of public opinion about gender. Through qualitative and naive Bayes sentiment analysis of more than 100,000 tweets, the author calculates region-, state-, and county-level Twitter sentiment toward feminism and tests how strongly these measures correlate with aggregated gender attitudes from the General Social Survey. Then, the author examines whether Twitter sentiment represents the gender attitudes of diverse populations by predicting the effect of Twitter sentiment on individuals’ gender attitudes across race, gender, and education level. The results indicate that Twitter sentiment toward feminism is highly correlated with gender attitudes, suggesting that Twitter is a useful measure of public opinion about gender. However, Twitter sentiment is not fully representative. The gender attitudes of nonwhites and the less educated are unrelated to Twitter sentiment, indicating limits in the extent to which inferences can be drawn from Twitter data.
COPD stands for complex obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Houben-Wilke Sarah , Augustin Ingrid M. , Vercoulen Jan H. , van Ranst Dirk , bij de Vaate Eline , Wempe Johan B. , Spruit Martijn A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E.
Published: June 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has extensively been reported as a complex disease affecting patients' health beyond the lungs with a variety of intra- and extrapulmonary components and considerable variability between individuals. This review discusses the assessment of this complexity and underlines the importance of transdisciplinary management programmes addressing the physical, emotional and social health of the individual patient.

COPD management is challenging and requires advanced, sophisticated strategies meeting the patient's individual needs. Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disease leading to non-linear and consequently poorly predictable treatment responses, multidimensional patient profiling is crucial to identify the right COPD patient for the right treatment. Current methods are often restricted to general, well-known and commonly used assessments neglecting potentially relevant (interactions between) individual, unique “traits” to finally ensure personalised treatment. Dynamic, personalised and holistic approaches are needed to tackle this multifaceted disease and to ensure personalised medicine and value-based healthcare.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Clicker Implementation Styles in STEM
Authors: Solomon Erin D. , Repice Michelle D. , Mutambuki Jacinta M. , Leonard Denise A. , Cohen Cheryl A. , Luo Jia , Frey Regina F.
Published: June 2018

Active learning with clickers is a common approach in high-enrollment, lecture-based courses in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. In this study, we describe the procedures that faculty at one institution used when implementing clicker-based active learning, and how they situated these activities in their class sessions. Using a mixed-methods approach, we categorized faculty into four implementation styles based on quantitative observation data and conducted qualitative interviews to further understand why faculty used these styles. We found that faculty tended to use similar procedures when implementing a clicker activity, but differed on how they situated the clicker-based active learning into their courses. These variations were attributed to different faculty goals for using clicker-based active learning, with some using it to engage students at specific time points throughout their class sessions and others who selected it as the best way to teach a concept from several possible teaching techniques. Future research should continue to investigate and describe how active-learning strategies from literature may differ from what is being implemented.
Challenging Cognitive Construals: A Dynamic Alternative to Stable Misconceptions
Authors: Gouvea Julia S. , Simon Matt R.
Published: June 2018

In biology education research, it has been common to model cognition in terms of relatively stable knowledge structures (e.g., mental models, alternative frameworks, deeply held misconceptions). For example, John D. Coley and Kimberly D. Tanner recently proposed that many student difficulties in biology stem from underlying cognitive frameworks called cognitive construals ( CBE—Life Sciences Education, 11[3], 209–215 [2012]; CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14[1], ar8 [2015]). They argued that three such frameworks—teleology, anthropocentrism, and essentialism—cause undergraduate students to hold a range of misconceptions about the biological world. Our purpose in this article is to present an alternative perspective that considers student thinking to be dynamic and context sensitive. Using the example of cognitive construals, we argue that a dynamic perspective creates a burden of proof for claims of cognitive stability—to demonstrate that patterns of thinking are indeed stable across contexts. To illustrate our argument, we report on the results of a study designed to explore the stability of students’ apparent teleological, anthropocentric, and essentialist thinking. Our results are inconsistent with framework models. We propose instead that response patterns stem from students’ context-specific interpretations of the statements, consistent with dynamic models of cognition. Building on these preliminary findings, we discuss the implications of a dynamic view of cognition for biology education research and biology instruction.
Multichannel band-controlled deconvolution based on a data-driven structural regularization
Authors: Du Xin , Li Guofa , Zhang Mo , Li Hao , Yang Wuyang , Wang Wanli
Published: June 2018

Sparse deconvolution methods frequently invert for subsurface reflection impulses and adopt a trace-by-trace processing pattern. However, following this approach causes unreliability of the estimated reflectivity due to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem, the poor spatial continuity of structures in the reconstructed reflectivity section, and the suppression on the reflection signals with small amplitudes. We have developed a structurally constrained multichannel band-controlled deconvolution (SC-MBCD) algorithm to alleviate these three issues. The algorithm inverts for a high-resolution seismogram rather than the full-band reflectivity series, thereby reducing the multiple solutions in the inversion and enhancing the reliability of processing results. We also exploited a structural constraint term to guarantee the spatial continuity of the structures, and we enhanced the relatively weak signals. The reflection structure characteristics, defined and extracted from the observed stacked seismic data, are the core of the structural regularization item. We solved the cost function of the SC-MBCD by the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. Synthetic model and field data examples demonstrate the rationality of SC-MBCD and confirmed that the algorithm can provide a better inversion result than the conventional sparse spike inversion in terms of retrieving weak reflection events and guaranteeing stratal continuities.
Frequency cycling to alleviate unknown frequency offsets for adiabatic half-passage pulses in surface nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Grombacher Denys , Dlugosch Raphael , Grunewald Elliot , Müller-Petke Mike , Auken Esben
Published: June 2018

Adiabatic half-passage (AHP) pulses show great promise for significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) free-induction decay measurement. Performing an AHP requires that the frequency sweep terminates when the transmit frequency is equal to the Larmor frequency, a condition that demands accurate knowledge of the true Larmor frequency. If the frequency sweep is terminated at an incorrect frequency, i.e., with an unknown offset between the transmit and Larmor frequency at the end of the pulse, the net excitation is affected and it can differ from that predicted by modeling that assumes a 0 Hz offset at the end of the sweep. Surface NMR surveys using a traditional single-frequency pulse have previously been shown to display degraded performance in the presence of an uncertain Larmor frequency estimate; the AHP pulse is also likely susceptible to such degraded performance. To ensure that reliable results can be produced by AHP pulses in the presence of an uncertain Larmor frequency estimate, we have developed an approach that adapts the frequency-cycling scheme for use with AHP pulses. We hypothesize that data collected using two similar AHP pulses, each with the exact same frequency sweep but where one sweeps toward the Larmor frequency from higher frequencies and the other from lower frequencies, can be stacked in such a manner that the impact of an unknown frequency offset is significantly reduced. We present synthetic and field results to demonstrate that frequency-cycling AHP pulse surface NMR data can ensure reliable performance even in the presence of an uncertain Larmor frequency estimate.
Time-tracking tests and interpretation for a horizontal well at different wellbore positions
Authors: Nie Ren-Shi , Ou Jin-Jing , Wang Su-Ran , Deng Qi , Qin Ming , Jia Jin-Wei , Wang Yi-Min
Published: June 2018

We have developed a time-tracking test method for pressure buildup tests of horizontal wells to reduce the costs associated with testing wells. The time-tracking test method requires several tests that are performed chronologically from the midsection of the horizontal wellbore to the kickoff point. The purpose of time-tracking tests is to determine the production conditions of horizontal wells that allow the tests to be conducted at the kickoff point. Two horizontal wells associated within a sandstone oil reservoir were specifically chosen to determine how our time-tracking test method is to be implemented. The two wells had completely different production conditions. One had a small gas rate and a large water cut, whereas the other had a large gas rate and a small water cut. We recorded and analyzed the tested pressure data at numerous wellbore positions along the same horizontal well. Then, we interpreted the tested pressure data and compared the test results at different points along each well using the test curve shape and the interpretation parameter values. Through comparisons of the two wells, we found that the well-test curve shape and the interpretation results of tests performed above the kickoff point were completely different from those of the tests at the midsection of the horizontal wellbore under the conditions of a large gas rate and a small water cut. If a horizontal well has a small gas rate and a large water cut, the well can be tested at the kickoff point in the well using the wireline. We recommend that field petroleum engineers adopt the time-tracking test method to judge whether their horizontal wells should be tested at the kickoff point.
Incremental correlation of multiple well logs following geologically optimal neighbors
Authors: Wu Xinming , Shi Yunzhi , Fomel Sergey , Li Fangyu
Published: June 2018

Well-log correlation is a crucial step to construct cross sections in estimating structures between wells and building subsurface models. Manually correlating multiple logs can be highly subjective and labor intensive. We have developed a weighted incremental correlation method to efficiently correlate multiple well logs following a geologically optimal path. In this method, we first automatically compute an optimal path that starts with longer logs and follows geologically continuous structures. Then, we use the dynamic warping technique to sequentially correlate the logs following the path. To avoid potential error propagation with the path, we modify the dynamic warping algorithm to use all the previously correlated logs as references to correlate the current log in the path. During the sequential correlations, we compute the geologic distances between the current log and all of the reference logs. Such distances are proportional to Euclidean distances, but they increase dramatically across discontinuous structures such as faults and unconformities that separate the current log from the reference logs. We also compute correlation confidences to provide quantitative quality control of the correlation results. We use the geologic distances and correlation confidences to weight the references in correlating the current log. By using this weighted incremental correlation method, each log is optimally correlated with all the logs that are geologically closer and are ordered with higher priorities in the path. Hundreds of well logs from the Teapot Dome survey demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the method.
Introduction to this special section: Advancements in image processing
Authors: Zhao Qi , Saxena Nishank
Published: June 2018

Image processing refers to the analysis of digital images to extract quantitative information and to improve their quality. In this special section, we focus on the advancement of image processing in various geoscience disciplines. The methods range from traditional statistical analysis to new algorithms based on machine learning. The scale of imaging can vary from pore scale with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and light microscopy to reservoir-scale imaging with seismic data.
Predicting elastic properties and permeability of rocks from 2D thin sections
Authors: Srisutthiyakorn Nattavadee , Hunter Sander , Sarker Rituparna , Hofmann Ronny , Espejo Irene
Published: June 2018

Predicting rock elastic properties and permeability from high-resolution 2D thin sections has been a challenging problem in rock physics because the 2D thin sections reveal very little about how the microstructure connects in the third dimension. However, 2D thin sections are widely available and inexpensive because they are often produced as a part of the reservoir-quality workflow. Furthermore, they have much higher resolution and greater field of view than micro X-ray computed tomography images, which are commonly used for rock properties estimation. The 2D thin sections we studied are from various hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formations with a variety of provenances, depositional environments, and burial histories. The high-resolution 2D images were scanned from these physical 2D thin sections. K-means segmentation was then employed to identify different minerals and pores for creating 2D binary images. The focus of this study is to simulate 2D elastic properties and permeability from 2D thin sections and then to employ various empirical relations to transform these 2D simulation results to 3D intrinsic rock properties. We compared the rock properties from this process to those from core measurements and measured wireline logs and found that these 2D to 3D rock property transformations yield promising results, especially for elastic properties. The results show that 2D thin section images have high enough resolution to resolve grain contacts very well. Predicting the permeability from 2D thin sections is still challenging since the process requires fitting the physical equation in order to retrieve the fitting coefficient for prediction due to our lack of understanding of the difference between 2D and 3D pore size distribution.
Integrating grain-scale geology in digital rock physics
Authors: Hunter Sander , Hofmann Ronny , Espejo Irene
Published: June 2018

Digital rock physics (DRP) is a rapidly evolving field of study. One component of digital rock that has not received sufficient attention is how well actual rocks are represented in DRP. Instead, the digital rock community is focused on characterizing the pore space in volumes of rock imaged by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and simulating flow through that digitized pore network. This enables computational simulations of routine core analysis measurements, which may be completed in hours instead of days or weeks. Although this alone makes digital rock a worthwhile endeavor, it overlooks much of the detailed textural and compositional information stored within digital rock images below the resolution of micro-CT imaging. This information may be observed in high-resolution 2D transmitted light microscopy images. Textural information impacts not only the tortuosity of the flow path, impacting permeability, but also influences how the rock will respond to stress. Compositional information could also be extracted to not only better characterize the wettability of rocks for relative permeability simulations, but also to supplement petrographic information in diagenetic modeling, among other applications. Ultimately, a full characterization of a digital rock should replicate the acoustic, geomechanical, and petrophysical properties of the imaged sample. The first step toward achieving full digital simulation of rock properties is the fundamental characterization of the sample — extracting the textural and compositional information from digital rock images. Unfortunately, this is a nontrivial undertaking. It involves acquiring sample images, segmenting pores from individual rock minerals, separating these minerals into individual grains and cements, and computing multiple attributes from the segmented grains. To address this issue, we are developing a workflow to compute key textural attributes from images with a long-term vision for the incorporation of geologic characterization into DRP using machine learning.
Machine-learning-based object detection in images for reservoir characterization: A case study of fracture detection in shales
Authors: Tian Xiao , Daigle Hugh
Published: June 2018

Imaging tools are widely used in the petroleum industry to investigate structural features of reservoir rocks directly at multiple scales. Quantitative image analysis is often used to determine various rock properties, but it requires significant time and effort, particularly to analyze a large number of samples. Automated object detection represents a potential solution to this efficiency problem. This method uses computers to efficiently provide quantitative information for thousands of images. Automated fracture detection in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is presented as an example to show the workflow of using advanced deep-learning tools for quantitative rock characterization. First, an automatic object-detection method is presented for fast identification and characterization of microfractures in shales. Using this approach, we analyzed 100 SEM images obtained from deformed and intact samples of a carbonate-rich shale and a siliceous shale with the goal of analyzing the abundance and characteristics of microfractures generated during hydraulic fracturing. Most of the fractures are detected with about 90% success rate relative to manual picking. Second, we obtained statistics of length and areal porosities of these fractures. The experimentally deformed samples had slightly more detectable microfractures (1.8 fractures/image on average compared to 1.6 fractures/image), and the microfractures induced by shear deformation tend to be short (<50 μm) in the Eagle Ford and long in the siliceous samples, presumably because of differences in rock fabric. In future work, this approach will be applied to characterize the shape and size of mineral grains and to analyze relationships between fractures and minerals.
Endocrine Late Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chemaitilly Wassim , Cohen Laurie E. , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Patterson Briana C. , Simmons Jill H. , Meacham Lillian R. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Sklar Charles A.
Published: June 2018

Endocrine complications are highly prevalent in childhood cancer survivors. Approximately 50% of survivors will experience at least one hormonal disorder over the course of their lives. Endocrine complications often are observed in survivors previously treated with radiation to the head, neck, or pelvis. We provide an overview the most common endocrine late effects seen in survivors, including hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, primary thyroid dysfunction, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and decreased bone mineral density. Primary gonadal injury is discussed elsewhere in this series. Given a variable latency interval, a systematic approach where individuals are periodically screened on the basis of their risk factors can help to improve health outcomes by prompt diagnosis and treatment of evolving endocrinopathies. These recommendations must be revised in the future given changes and improvements in cancer treatment over time.
Neurocognitive Outcomes and Interventions in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , Hardy Kristina K. , Kahalley Lisa S. , Schuitema Ilse , Kesler Shelli R.
Published: June 2018

Recent research has demonstrated that survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for a myriad of late effects that affect physical and mental quality of life. We discuss the patterns and prevalence of neurocognitive problems commonly experienced by survivors of CNS tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the two most commonly researched cancer diagnoses. Research documenting the direct effects of tumor location and treatment type and intensity is presented, and patient characteristics that moderate outcomes (eg, age at diagnosis and sex) are discussed. Potential biologic mechanisms of neurotoxic treatment exposures, such as cranial irradiation and intrathecal and high-dose antimetabolite chemotherapy, are reviewed. Genetic, brain imaging, and neurochemical biomarkers of neurocognitive impairment are discussed. Long-term survivors of childhood cancer are also at risk for physical morbidity (eg, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine) and problems with health behaviors (eg, sleep); research is reviewed that demonstrates these health problems contribute to neurocognitive impairment in survivors with or without exposure to neurotoxic therapies. We conclude this review with a discussion of literature supporting specific interventions that may be beneficial in the treatment of survivors who already experience neurocognitive impairment, as well as in the prevention of impairment manifestation.
Premature Physiologic Aging as a Paradigm for Understanding Increased Risk of Adverse Health Across the Lifespan of Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Ness Kirsten K. , Kirkland James L. , Gramatges Maria Monica , Wang Zhaoming , Kundu Mondira , McCastlain Kelly , Li-Harms Xiujie , Zhang Jinghui , Tchkonia Tamar , Pluijm Saskia Martine Francesca , Armstrong Gregory T.
Published: June 2018

The improvement in survival of childhood cancer observed across the past 50 years has resulted in a growing acknowledgment that simply extending the lifespan of survivors is not enough. It is incumbent on both the cancer research and the clinical care communities to also improve the health span of survivors. It is well established that aging adult survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of chronic health conditions, relative to the general population. However, as the first generation of survivors age into their 50s and 60s, it has become increasingly evident that this population is also at risk of early onset of physiologic aging. Geriatric measures have uncovered evidence of reduced strength and speed and increased fatigue, all components of frailty, among survivors with a median age of 33 years, which is similar to adults older than 65 years of age in the general population. Furthermore, frailty in survivors independently increased the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although there has been a paucity of research investigating the underlying biologic mechanisms for advanced physiologic age in survivors, results from geriatric populations suggest five biologically plausible mechanisms that may be potentiated by exposure to cancer therapies: increased cellular senescence, reduced telomere length, epigenetic modifications, somatic mutations, and mitochondrial DNA infidelity. There is now a critical need for research to elucidate the biologic mechanisms of premature aging in survivors of childhood cancer. This research could pave the way for new frontiers in the prevention of these life-changing outcomes.
Risk, Risk Factors, and Surveillance of Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Review
Authors: Turcotte Lucie M. , Neglia Joseph P. , Reulen Raoul C. , Ronckers Cecile M. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Morton Lindsay M. , Hodgson David C. , Yasui Yutaka , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Henderson Tara O.
Published: June 2018

Subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in childhood cancer survivors cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes recent literature on SMN epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, and interventions. Survivors of childhood cancer experience long-term increased SMN risk compared with the general population, with a greater than twofold increased solid tumor risk extending beyond age 40 years. There is a dose-dependent increased risk for solid tumors after radiotherapy, with the highest risks for tumors occurring in or near the treatment field (eg, greater than fivefold increased risk for breast, brain, thyroid, skin, bone, and soft tissue malignancies). Alkylating and anthracycline chemotherapies increase the risk for development of several solid malignancies in addition to acute leukemia/myelodysplasia, and these risks may be modified by other patient characteristics, such as age at exposure and, potentially, inherited genetic susceptibility. Strategies for identifying survivors at risk and initiating long-term surveillance have improved and interventions are underway to improve knowledge about late-treatment effects among survivors and caregivers. Better understanding of treatment-related risk factors and genetic susceptibility holds promise for refining surveillance strategies and, ultimately, upfront cancer therapies.
A Unique Case of Metastatic, Functional, Hereditary Paraganglioma Associated With anSDHC Germline Mutation
Authors: Ong Raquel Kristin S , Flores Shahida K , Reddick Robert L , Dahia Patricia L M , Shawa Hassan
Published: June 2018

Context

Mutations in genes encoding for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex are linked to hereditary paraganglioma syndromes. Paraganglioma syndrome 3 is associated with mutations inSDHC and typically manifests as benign, nonfunctional head and neck paragangliomas.

Design

We describe a case of a 51-year-old woman who initially presented with diarrhea and hypertension and was found to have a retroperitoneal mass, which was resected with a pathology consistent with paraganglioma. Five years later, her symptoms recurred, and she was found to have new retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and lytic lesions in the first lumbar vertebral body and the right iliac crest, which were visualized on CT scan and octreoscan but not on iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) and bone scans. She had significantly elevated 24-hour urine norepinephrine and dopamine. The patient received external beam radiation and a series of different antineoplastic agents. Her disease progressed, and she eventually expired within 2 years. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygousSDHC c.43C>T, p.Arg15X mutation, which was also detected in her daughter and her grandson, both of whom have no biochemical or imaging evidence of paraganglioma syndrome yet.

Conclusion

We report a unique case of functional, metastatic abdominal paraganglioma associated withSDHC germline mutation. Our case exemplifies thatSDHC germline mutation has variable penetrance, which may manifest with an aggressive biology that could be missed by a123I-MIBG scan.
Convergence of the Core in Assignment Markets
Authors: Kanoria Yash , Saban Daniela , Sethuraman Jay
Published: June 2018

We consider a two-sided assignment market with agent types and a stochastic structure, similar to models used in empirical studies. We characterize the size of the core in such markets. Each agent has a randomly drawn productivity with respect to each type of agent on the other side. The value generated from a match between a pair of agents is the sum of the two productivity terms, each of which depends only on the type (but not the identity) of one of the agents, and a third deterministic term driven by the pair of types. We prove, under reasonable assumptions, that when the number of agent types is kept fixed, the relative size of the core vanishes rapidly as the number of agents grows. Numerical experiments confirm that the core is typically small. Our results provide justification for the typical assumption of a unique core outcome in such markets, which is close to a limit point. Further, our results suggest that, given the market composition, wages are almost uniquely determined in equilibrium.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1691 .
Multiple Organization Goals with Feedback from Shared Technological Task Environments
Authors: Hu Songcui , Bettis Richard A.
Published: June 2018

Goals and the performance feedback on those goals are fundamental to organizational learning and adaptation. However, most research has focused on single overall, high-level organizational goals while ignoring important operational goals farther down in the goal hierarchy. This paper explores the important issue of interdependent feedback on multiple operational goals with shared task environments. We conjecture about the impact of shared technological task environments on feedback across goals. We then empirically examine these conjectures using panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis of performance feedback from three strategically important operational goals with shared technological task environments in the automobile industry. We find that interdependent feedback can lead to severe and misleading confusion regarding learning from feedback on such goals with shared task environments. Then, we discuss the implications of our findings. These include the following: the absolute intractability of the problem of meeting multiple goals with interdependent task environments as the number of goals increases; limits on the modularity of organization structure; and severe challenges in ex post credit assignment and ex ante planning when goals share technological task environments. Finally, we discuss the application of PVAR to interdependent feedback problems in organizations.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1207 .
Modeling Crew Itineraries and Delays in the National Air Transportation System
Authors: Wei Keji , Vaze Vikrant
Published: June 2018

We propose, optimize, and validate a methodological framework for estimating the extent of the crew-propagated delays and disruptions (CPDDs). We identify the factors that influence the extent of the CPDDs and incorporate them into a robust crew-scheduling model. We develop a fast heuristic approach for solving the inverse of this robust crew-scheduling problem to generate crew schedules that are similar to real-world crew-scheduling samples. We develop a sequence of exact and heuristic techniques to quickly solve the forward problem within a small optimality gap for network sizes that are among the largest in robust crew-scheduling literature. Computational results using four large real-world airline networks demonstrate that the crew schedules produced by our approach generate propagation patterns similar to those observed in the real world. Extensive out-of-sample validation tests indicate that the parameters calibrated for one network perform reasonably well for other networks. We provide new insights into the perceived trade-off between planned costs and delay costs as reflected by actual airline crew schedules. Finally, we present a general approach to estimate the CPDDs for any given network using our methodological framework under a variety of data availability scenarios.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0834 .
Artificial gametes
Authors: Winter George F
Published: June 2018

Reproductive technology could be a life-changing but ethically questionable solution for those unable to conceive. George Winter examines the role that midwives could play in the future
Detection of breech presentation: Abdominal palpation and hand-held scanning by midwives
Authors: Keable Joanna , Crozier Kenda
Published: June 2018

Background

The NHS Litigation Authority's ‘sign up to safety’ campaign aims to prevent undiagnosed breech birth and possible poor birth outcomes. An audit was completed following the introduction of hand-held scanning ultrasound examination.

Aims

The hand-held ultrasound was used by midwives for all women in labour and before induction of labour to confirm presentation.

Methods

A criterion-based retrospective audit, conducted over 6 months in 2016, with a sample of 2737 women.

Findings

The audit demonstrated that 22 breech presentations were detected when using the hand-held ultrasound before induction of labour or in labour. The audit standard of 100% of women receiving an ultrasound scan was not met, and potential reasons are explored.

Conclusions

The results support the use of hand-held ultrasound, as it did detect breech presentation before induction of labour or spontaneous labour and birth. Further work includes the audit of the reasons that hand-held ultrasound scanning was not used, to ensure that a targeted action plan can be created. Future research into midwifery values, cultural attitudes and the effectiveness of abdominal palpation is also needed, to develop the knowledge base on which scanning can be framed.
Breast milk donation and behavioural science
Authors: Sanders Michael
Published: June 2018

What makes us give our money, our time or our possessions to those in need? After his son received an important donation, Michael Sanders began to examine the altrusim behind breast milk banking
The dangerously high cost of poor communication
Authors: Symon Andrew
Published: June 2018

Caring for non-English speakers presents unique challenges for maternity services. However, as Andrew Symon explains, miscommunication can lead to devastating consequences
Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography
Authors: Johansson A. , Aurell Y. , Romanus B.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To establish reproducible posterior ultrasonographic projections for evaluation of the movement in the talocrural joint in clubfeet and normal feet from the perinatal period up to the age of four years.

Methods

The feet in 105 healthy children and 46 patients (71 clubfeet and 21 normal feet) were examined. In all, 14 feet in seven patients were examined twice by two examiners independently to evaluate the repeatability of the ultrasonography scans. A posterior sagittal projection was used. The distance from the posterior aspect of the tibial physis to the posterior border of the talocalcaneal joint (Tib. phys – TCJ) was measured with the foot in neutral position and dorsiflexion. In plantar flexion the shortest distance between the tibial physis and the calcaneus was measured. The distance from the skin to the tibial epiphyses and the talus was measured in neutral position. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the repeatability of the measurements.

Results

The interexaminer reliability was 0.71 to 0.89 ICC. The intra- and interobserver reliability measured as ICC was 0.68 to 0.99 for all measurements. The correlation between Tib. phys. – TCJ and clinical dorsiflexion varied much between the age groups.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography of the posterior aspect of the ankle joint can be done with high interexaminer reliability. The repeatability of image evaluation was high. Correlation to clinical measurements varied, therefore dynamic ultrasound in real time is clinically more useful than single measurements on frozen ultrasound images.

Level of Evidence III
Diagnostic and treatment preferences for developmental dysplasia of the hip: A survey of EPOS and POSNA members
Authors: Alves C. , Truong W. H. , Thompson M. V. , Suryavanshi J. R. , Penny C. L. , Do H. T. , Dodwell E. R.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to elucidate developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) diagnosis and treatment preferences among members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) and European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS).

Methods

A 54-question survey on DDH diagnosis and treatment preferences was distributed to POSNA and EPOS members. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results

A total of 459 responses were analyzed. Ultrasound was the preferred modality for diagnosing DDH in infants less than six months old; few surgeons preferred radiographs. In all, 57% of POSNA members had radiology technicians perform ultrasounds, only 7% of EPOS members did. The percent coverage defining a dislocated hip varied greatly, the most frequent response being < 20% for POSNA and < 40% for EPOS members. Pavlik harnesses were the most popular harness/brace, used by 90% of POSNA and 71% of EPOS members. POSNA members were more likely than EPOS members to use a rigid abduction brace following initial harness/brace failure. For residual acetabular dysplasia, POSNA members were twice as likely as EPOS members to institute hip abduction bracing. Most surgeons would not perform closed reduction at less than three months of age or open reduction at less than six months of age. Most EPOS ­members used traction prior to reduction; few POSNA members did. Few POSNA and EPOS members believed that reduction should be delayed until the ossific nucleus was visible.

Conclusion

There is great variation in the preferred methods for diagnosing and treating DDH. This survey is the largest transcontinental survey to compile diagnostic and treatment preferences for DDH. With wide variations in practice, there is room for quality improvement.

Level of Evidence II
Neuroarthropathy in diabetes: pathogenesis of Charcot arthropathy
Authors: Johnson-Lynn S. E. , McCaskie A. W. , Coll A. P. , Robinson A. H. N.
Published: June 2018

Charcot neuroarthropathy is a rare but serious complication of diabetes, causing progressive destruction of the bones and joints of the foot leading to deformity, altered biomechanics and an increased risk of ulceration.

Management is complicated by a lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria and an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. In this review, we consider recent insights into the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy.

It is likely to be dependent on several interrelated factors which may include a genetic pre-disposition in combination with diabetic neuropathy. This leads to decreased neuropeptides (nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide), which may affect the normal coupling of bone formation and resorption, and increased levels of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, potentiating osteoclastogenesis.

Repetitive unrecognized trauma due to neuropathy increases levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α) which could also contribute to increased bone resorption, in combination with a pre-inflammatory state, with increased autoimmune reactivity and a profile of monocytes primed to transform into osteoclasts - cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14).

Increased blood glucose and loss of circulating Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGLEPs), leading to increased non-enzymatic glycation of collagen and accumulation of AGLEPs in the tissues of the foot, may also contribute to the pathological process.

An understanding of the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms and a final common pathway for the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy are still lacking.

Cite this article: S. E. Johnson-Lynn, A. W. McCaskie, A. P. Coll, A. H. N. Robinson. Neuroarthropathy in diabetes: pathogenesis of Charcot arthropathy. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:373–378. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0334.R1.
Outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with poliomyelitis
Authors: Prasad Anoop , Donovan Richard , Ramachandran Manoj , Dawson-Bowling Sebastian , Millington Steven , Bhumbra Rej , Achan Pramod , Hanna Sammy A.
Published: June 2018

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients affected by poliomyelitis is technically challenging owing to abnormal anatomical features including articular and metaphyseal angular deformities, external rotation of the tibia, excessive valgus alignment, bone loss, narrowness of the femoral and tibial canals, impaired quadriceps strength, flexion contractures, genu recurvatum and ligamentous laxity. Little information is available regarding the results and complications of TKA in this challenging group of patients. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to determine the functional outcome, complications and revision rates of TKA in patients with poliomyelitis-affected knees. Six studies including 82 knees met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The mean patient age was 63 years (45 to 85) and follow-up was 5.5 years (0.5 to 13). All studies reported significant improvement in knee function following TKA. There were six failures requiring revision surgery in 82 cases (7%) occurring at a mean of 6.2 years (0.4 to 12). The reasons for revision surgery were aseptic loosening (17%, n=1), infection (33%, n=2), periprosthetic fracture (17%, n=1) and instability (33%, n=2). Thirty-six knees had a degree of recurvatum pre-operatively (44%), which was in the range of 5° to 30°. Ten of these knees (28%) developed recurrent recurvatum post-operatively. The findings support the use of TKA in patients with poliomyelitis-affected knees. The post-operative functional outcome is similar to other patients; however, the revision rate is higher. Quadriceps muscle power appears to be an important prognostic factor for functional outcome and the use of constrained implant designs is recommended in the presence of less than antigravity quadriceps strength.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:358-362. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170028
Illustrating the Anthropocene: Fieldwork from the Norfolk Broads
Authors: Evans Sinead
Published: June 2018

This visual essay presents a body of fieldwork exploring geological and industrial tensions existing in the landscape of the Norfolk Broads National Park. The essay is a documentation of the initial stages of the research project, considering the wider role of illustration in a time of global environmental change. Made in 2016, the present tenses have been kept in the text in order to preserve the reflective and developmental importance of this fieldwork. The author has since left the wider research project and is pursing Ph.D. study, using discoveries made in this research as a foundation to explore problematic representations of nature in images that are used to illustrate the current environmental crisis.