bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PLATFORMS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CURRENT CONTEXT
Authors: Todoriv T.V. , Voronych- Semchenko N.M.
Published: May 2024

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing hostilities have a significant impact onall aspects of human life, including social development and education, which has forcedthe intensification of emergency risk management. Under such conditions, distancelearning is the safest form of education organization.Aim – to analyze the distance learning methods for teaching and self-education of theparticipants in the educational process during the war realities and the prospects for theirdevelopment in the post-war period.Materials and methods. An overview of the various available online platforms wasprovided, comparing them in terms of key functions, benefits, operating systems they aresupported in, user interface and the number of people who can participate, as well assecurity and limitations.Results. Оnline teaching is one of the ways to maintain education for students and teachersduring military operations. Many educational institutions have passed to compound anddistance form and focused on integrating technology to teach students at home. Onlineplatforms have become an important part of the educational process and informationprovision in today’s realities.Conclusion. The described modern online platforms provide an opportunity to increasesignificantly the effectiveness of the educational process of higher education institutions.For Ukraine, an important priority today is the creation and improvement of the platformlearning, which is considered as a part of the achievement of a new quality of education.
Strengthening Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Values in Halal Traceability: Evidence and Analysis of Block Chain Based on Halal Supply Chain Applications
Authors: Nashirudin Muh. , Ramadhan  , Almira Keumala Ulfah
Published: May 2024

Halal traceability is one of the government's focus in developing the halal industry. By adopting a blockchain system, halal traceability is undoubtedly transparent. However, this transparency also needs to be analyzed using maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. This analysis is used to analyze the extent of the application of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah values in halal traceability. The results of the study state that the application of halal traceability has fulfilled the elements of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, such as transparency, accountability, responsibility, and justice. Therefore, the blockchain-based halal traceability application model is appropriate and relevant to Islamic values.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION CONTENT IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Mylian Zhanna
Published: May 2024

The study is dedicated to identifying the peculiarities of the formation of the content of primary education in Great Britain. In the modern conditions of globalization the study of the main laws affecting the formation and modernization of primary education content in Great Britain is relevant and necessary for the domestic national education system development. The research aim: to reveal the organizational and managerial conditions for the formation of primary education content in Great Britain. Methods of research: analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, and comparison. Primary education in Great Britain occupies a prominent place in the education system, it is the basis of schooling. The content of education, primary including, is based on a combination of three key components: the formation of a management system based on educational results; stimulation of diverse cooperation of education subjects; implementation of freedom of choice principles. The countryʼs educational policy is aimed at developing and modernizing the content of primary education while preserving the country culture and history. In Great Britain, organizational and management actions are considered in terms of modern trends of management decentralization and centralization in the field of school education. The model of strategic development, financing, and management of general school education is an organizational condition for the formation of the primary school education content. The British centralized model of school education is a single-state management of general education throughout the country. Standardization is the basis of the organizational and management model of the formation of the content of primary education, which is mandatory with a variable structural and content component, implemented through the National Curriculum. Formation of primary education content in Great Britain depends on many factors, including the basic organizational and management conditions, which is a model of strategic development, management, and financing of general school education.
SYSTEM OF WORKING ON LEARNING THE BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE IN THE COURSE «THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE (FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES)»
Authors: Pasichna Olena
Published: May 2024

The course «The Ukrainian Language (for professional purposes)» ensures that recipients of higher vocational education acquire the theoretical foundations of office administration and gain practical skills in composing official letters. The article purpose: to describe a system for studying business correspondence aimed at developing the skills and abilities of recipients of higher vocational education to compose official letters for various functional purposes. Research methods applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, theoretical generalization. A system of tasks is provided to develop practical skills and abilities in composing and editing official letters for various functional purposes. The tasks are provided to familiarize recipients of education with the peculiarities of official letters for various functional purposes (request letters, proposal letters, inquiry letters, appeal letters, demand letters, warranty letters, cover letters, refusal letters, reminder letters, confirmation letters, warning letters, notification letters, recommendation letters), and improving the culture of business correspondence. The outlined tasks help recipients of higher vocational education learn to use lexemes appropriately in different types of letters; express thoughts accurately and concisely in an official format using language constructs of the official-business style; develop skills in editing business correspondence; master typical linguistic expressions used in specific types of official letters; use common phrases of speech etiquette; and correctly format salutations, including the position, name, and patronymic of the letter's recipient.
Criminological dimension of law enforcement officers’ activities
Authors: Olefir L.I. , Ivashko S.V.
Published: May 2024

The article examines certain aspects of the criminological dimension of law enforcement officers' activities. It is noted that the term "law enforcement officer” is studied through the system of law enforcement agencies and the circle of their employees; it is based on the analysis of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and other legal acts. It is substantiated that by the nature of their official powers, law enforcement officers are active participants in criminal legal relations, since they act as authorized officials entrusted with the performance of law enforcement functions. It is this function which is aimed at ensuring law and order, protecting the rights and freedoms of subjects of legal relations from criminal encroachments and is realized through detection, investigation, suppression and prevention of criminal offenses. It is emphasized that participation of law enforcement officers in criminal legal relations as subjects of a criminal offense or victims of a criminal offense is not excluded. It is substantiated that crime among law enforcement officers is particularly dangerous due to a number of factors and may be caused by a number of certain determinants. The authors emphasizes that among the stable trends in criminal offenses committed by law enforcement officers are the following: the level of criminal offenses committed by law enforcement officers corresponds to the general trends in crime, official crimes prevail over general criminal offenses, and the largest number of them are unlawful benefits, abuse of office, abuse of power, torture, etc.
That is why the legislator created a new law enforcement agency, the State Bureau of Investigation, which began its operations in 2018.
Creation of the State Bureau of Investigation as a pre-trial investigation body was a worthy response by the legislator to numerous public criticisms that the prosecution should be deprived of the pre-trial investigation function, and also in line with the experience of many countries, an effective mechanism for the prevention, detection, termination, disclosure and pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses within its jurisdiction in accordance with the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. These are criminal offenses committed by senior officials, judges and law enforcement officers. Criminal offenses that are undoubtedly under the jurisdiction of the State Bureau of Investigation include torture (Article 127 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) committed by law enforcement officers.
Criminal and legal characteristics of corruption in wartime: defense research
Authors: Suprun-Kovalchuk T.M.
Published: May 2024

To fight corruption in the defense sector, it is important to prioritize anti-corruption measures and implement comprehensive strategies. This includes creating a strong legal framework and regulatory mechanisms, ensuring transparency and developing areas of international cooperation. International cooperation in the field of defense is a platform for collective action, exchange of knowledge and mutual support in the fight against corruption. This contributes to strengthening the integrity of defense institutions, the transparency of procurement processes and the creation of a global environment where corruption is less likely to flourish. The success of anti-corruption measures significantly depends on the ability to respond to current manifestations of corruption, to develop effective countermeasures and to forecast promising changes and transformational processes in corruption. Therefore, it is important to assess the potential «development» of corruption in the selected sector in the conditions of post-war reconstruction.
Today, the question of increasing criminal liability for corruption offenses during wartime is relevant, because the statistical data of the website of the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, which have been reviewed, show that, provided that the corruption offense itself is detected, such persons are not brought to justice in 99 % of cases. The explanation for this situation is the absence of an effective mechanism for investigating such criminal offenses, including the absence of a criminal law norm of responsibility for corruption during wartime.
It is concluded that corruption in the defense sector undermines public trust and weakens democratic governance. When defense officials engage in corrupt practices, it undermines the principles of accountability, transparency, and integrity. This fosters a culture of impunity and erodes the rule of law, ultimately undermining citizens' trust in state institutions and their ability to protect national interests.
The European protection order: the question of a predictive toolkit for the protection of victims of criminal offences
Authors: Hloviuk I.V.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the European protection order (hereinafter - EPO) in the context of crime victim protection. The following aspects were considered: general issues of the essence and purpose of the EPO; its correlation with measures under the national law of the EU country; conditions of issuance; issuing and execution procedure; protection of the rights of persons causing danger; the specifications of the execution. The correlation of measures under the EPO with security measures and restrictive measures and restrictive prescriptions under Ukrainian legislation is considered.
It is indicated that European researchers identify a number of defects in the regulation of the European protection order, which affects the effectiveness of this tool; this indicates that the provisions of Directive 2011/99/EU may be transformed in the future.
As conclusions, it is also stated that: 1) the EPO will not be applicable for to security measures, which are regulated "On ensuring the security of persons participating in criminal proceedings”, taking into account the list of measures in Art. 5 of Directive 2011/99/EU and the provision that the person causing danger must be heard; 2) The EPO will generally be able to be used to interact with restrictive prescription under the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine and restrictive measures under the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (although there may be issues due to administrative and criminal sanctions for domestic violence, and such an approach by the Ukrainian legislator may raise questions about double criminality in comparison with the criminally punishable actions of other EU countries, which may cause the impossibility of applying to other countries under the order procedure and executing the order in Ukraine); 3) due to the fact that Directive 2011/99/EU is about protection against any criminal offences, it will be necessary to make changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in order to implement the EPO.
Problems of closing criminal proceedings due to the expiration of pre-trial investigation deadlines
Authors: Morenko V.I.
Published: May 2024

The article is dedicated to addressing the current issues in the theory and practice of closing criminal proceedings during the pre-trial investigation stage, particularly focusing on the basis of closing due to the expiration of pre-trial investigation deadlines.
The problem of closing criminal proceedings by the investigating judge based on paragraph 10 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine is currently the subject of active discussions among legal professionals. This basis is directly related to the pre-trial investigation stage and, according to the current established practice of the Supreme Court, is classified as exclusive competence of the prosecutor, limiting the Investigating Judge's ability to exercise effective judicial control during the pre-trial investigation stage.
It is noted that the absence of these powers in the Investigating Judge entails the risk of violating the reasonable time requirements for pre-trial investigation, as the pre-trial investigation deadline is not just a formality. Enshrining in procedural law the prosecutor's obligation to apply to the court with an accusatory document or close the criminal proceedings as soon as possible but not later than the procedural deadline after notifying the suspect of the accusation is a guarantee of the fundamental right of individuals to have their cases heard within a reasonable time frame. Unfortunately, in practical terms, this guarantee is not always implemented, and the lack of effective judicial control only contributes to the spread of prosecutorial inactivity. The article suggests that the most optimal solution to this problem is the alternative competence of both the prosecutor and the Investigating Judge regarding the authority to close criminal proceedings during the pre-trial investigation stage. This would help achieve a balance of interests between the parties involved in criminal proceedings and prevent abuses of power.
To improve the mechanism for ensuring compliance with reasonable deadlines, the author proposes expanding and specifying the powers of the Investigating Judge when closing criminal proceedings. Specifically, it is suggested to add Part 2-1 to Article 284 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: «Criminal proceedings at the pre-trial investigation stage are closed by the Investigating Judge based on the grounds provided for in paragraph 10 of this article if the suspect does not object to the closure on these grounds.»
Implementation of the principle of adversarial proceedings in court
Authors: Striletska O.V. , Habrelian A.Y.
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the peculiarities of implementing the adversarial principle in court proceedings. The adversarial principle is a general procedural principle of criminal procedure which today finds its main expression in court proceedings. Adversariality determines the image of the entire criminal process, as it provides for its construction in which the functions of prosecution, defense and case resolution are separated from each other. This, in turn, gives the court's verdict a special power of persuasion, increases its legal and social significance.
The adversarial principle is characterized by the presence of four interdependent elements: the prosecution and defense; fixed means of activity of the prosecution and defense; separation of the functions of public prosecution, defense and trial; and an objective and impartial court. Removal of any of them would not only lead to incomplete content of the analyzed principle, but would also raise doubts about its actual existence. Only the presence of all these elements without any reservations, assumptions, exceptions, etc. allows to classify the process as compliant with the principle of adversariality.
An important aspect of further development of legislation is to support and promote the process of competition, where the parties have equal opportunities to defend their interests. This contributes to the adoption of more reasonable and, accordingly, fair court decisions. In light of these objectives, it is necessary to actively work on amending the CPC of Ukraine to strengthen the principle of adversarialism and ensure a balance of interests of the parties at all stages of the criminal process. In this regard, it is proposed to: provide that when considering an appeal against a decision, action or inaction of an investigator or prosecutor, all interested parties should participate in the appeal process; supplement the CPC of Ukraine with the following provision: "the prosecution has the right during the trial to ask questions, submit its comments and objections regarding the procedure for conducting actions which are recorded in the protocol”; to extend the mandatory participation of a defense counsel to criminal proceedings concerning serious crimes.
Independence of judges as a constitutional principle and deontological basis of the judicial profession
Authors: Gudyma M.
Published: May 2024

A permanent condition for the justice and effectiveness of the domestic judiciary composes the observance of the constitutional principles of its implementation, mainly the principle of independence, both in the aspect of the judicial system and in relation to the legal profession. The principle of independence of judges should be considered as a mega-principle that has its demonstration in legal, ideological, economic, social, and other aspects. It is through the prism of the first two of the notable ones that the work examines the principle of independence.
Having analyzed the legislative regulation and scientific approaches to the disclosure of the principle of independence, its dual nature is reasoned, the content of which is revealed through such a status of judges and the state of the judiciary as a whole, which provides for the implementation of judicial activity without any illegal influence, pressure or interference, but guided by the rule of law. It has been proven that the submission of judges to the rule of law acts as an additional guarantee of their independence and a reasonable limitation aimed at avoiding lawlessness and arbitrariness.
Having revealed the meaning of the constitutional principle of independence of judges, the publication draws attention to the deontological principles of judicial activity, it is substantiated that the internal imperatives of judicial ethics, the basis of which is the demand for independence, determine the main vectors of building relations between the judge and other participants in the judiciary, ensure his resistance to various temptations to depart from impartiality in the case in their own interests or the interests of other subjects. It has been proven that internal independence is an individual duty of each judge, which comes from the moral and ethical qualities of a specific person and forms necessary potential for the effectiveness of his activity.
After analyzing the legal regulation, including the principles of moral culture of judges at the level of the Constitution, a conclusion was formulated regarding the need for legislative consolidation of the fundamental moral qualities of a candidate for the position of judge and their main characteristics, as well as the development of clear methods of their verification for the proper formation of the judicial corps and the effective implementation of the judiciary.
Common policies of the European Union
Authors: Dir I.Yu.
Published: May 2024

The article summarizes the main common policies of the European Union. It was found that the common policies of the European Union are based on three main principles: allocation of competences, proportionality and subsidiarity. Common policies in certain areas are based on the fact that only the European Union has the right to adopt laws. Areas where the EU has exclusive powers include: customs union; rules of competitiveness within the single market; monetary policy (for eurozone member states); trade and international agreements; common fisheries policy. In some areas, legislation is adopted by both the EU member states and the EU institutions. It was analysed that such spheres include: the single market; employment and social policy; economic, social and territorial cohesion; agriculture; fishing; environment; consumer rights protection; transport; trans-European networks; energy; justice and fundamental human rights; migration and home affairs; public health; research and space; development cooperation and humanitarian aid. Also, in certain areas, the EU institutions helps member states create legislation, in particular, it concerns the following areas: public health (certain aspects), industry, culture, tourism, education, youth and sports, civil protection and administrative cooperation. In addition, it was found that scientists distinguished the following policies: common agricultural policy, common fisheries policy, rules of competitiveness, common foreign and security policy as the most important. It was analysed that the EU regulations, the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union are the legal basis of EU common policies. In addition, it was determined that all policies of the European Union are formed on the basis of long-term strategies that contain key directions of development.
Historical aspects and evolution of the principle of judicial immutability
Authors: Tymchyshyn A.M.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the principle of the immutability of judges as a key element in ensuring the independence of the judicial system, which is an important tool for the administration of fair justice and the establishment of a democratic society. Analyzing the historical development, evolutionary changes, and contemporary application of the principle, the author explores how the principle of the immutability of judges contributes to protection against unjustified dismissal and political interference, while ensuring stability and predictability in justice. The article also discusses contemporary challenges, including corruption and political pressure, which can undermine the effectiveness of this principle, and proposes possible solutions and recommendations for overcoming them. Particular attention is paid to the need for a balance between protecting judges and ensuring their accountability, which is crucial for maintaining public trust in the judicial system.
This scientific article can be of significant practical benefit for various categories of readers and sectors of society, including judges and lawyers, legislators, researchers, law students for further research in the field of justice, as well as material for academic study and debates.
Overall, the scientific article helps to raise awareness of the importance of the principle of the immutability of judges, highlights its role in protecting the rule of law and democracy, and can serve as a basis for practical measures in the field of justice and legislation.
The white paper on artificial intelligence as a source for the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence
Authors: Machusky V.V. , Machuska I.B. , Titova V.M. , Titova O.S. , Machusky V.V.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the provisions of the White Paper on artificial intelligence as a source of the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence.
It is noted that the study of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union will contribute to the formation of the domestic source base in the field of application of artificial intelligence.
It has been analyzed that in scientific circles, the provisions of the White Book on artificial intelligence are highlighted by domestic scientists in a fragmentary manner, which makes it difficult to comprehensively perceive the content and meaning of the White Book as a whole.
The article states that the legislation of Ukraine needs improvement, which consists in compliance with European standards in the field of artificial intelligence. It has been established that it is advisable to enshrine provisions on the use of artificial intelligence at the legislative level.
The article examines the provisions of the European Data Strategy, which recognizes artificial intelligence as an important component of the data economy. It has been studied that the provisions of the European Data Strategy provide for a combination of technology, industry, digital infrastructure and regulatory framework. It was noted that the provisions of the Strategy regarding artificial intelligence were further developed in the White Book.
The article specifies the concept of artificial intelligence in accordance with the provisions of the White Book.
It is noted that the Provisions of the White Book are aimed at ensuring consultation of interested parties, collection of feedback as a basis for future decision-making processes.
It has been proven that the White Paper can be considered a political document containing the goals and possible actions of the European Commission regarding the regulation of artificial intelligence and contains a list of political proposals, intentions and recommendations.
It is noted that the White Book is a framework for future legislative proposals on the formation of a legal framework related to artificial intelligence in the European Union.
The article defines the structure of the main provisions of the White Book and establishes the fundamental principles that determine the development and implementation of artificial intelligence.
Attention is focused on chapter 5 of the White Paper, which is devoted to the «Ecosystem of Trust: Regulatory Framework for Artificial Intelligence», which is devoted to the key elements of the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Europe.
Legal assessment of the consequences of damage to the property interests of Ukraine as a result of russian aggression
Authors: Muzyka-Stefanchuk O. , Muzyka L. , Stefanchuk M.
Published: May 2024

The article provides a legal assessment of the consequences of damage to the property interests of Ukraine as a result of Russian aggression, and analyzes the problematic issues of financial and property losses that Ukraine has suffered since 2014 and up to now.
The problem of the nationalization of state, communal and private property in the occupied and annexed territories of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, in particular the nationalization of the property of the international children's center "Artek", PJSC "Ukrtelecom", the company "Kyivstar", etc., was analyzed on the basis of specific examples, and the issue of confiscation of the property of Ukrainian church communities was investigated.
Controversial points regarding the re­registration of Ukrainian legal entities (budgetary and charitable organizations) were considered. Attention is also focused on the problems of the financial system of Ukraine, which suffered significant losses due to Russian aggression. In particular, the peculiarities of the activities of banks in the territories of Ukraine occupied by Russia, which suffered significant losses, were analyzed. It is noted that during 2014 there was a mass closing of accounts and withdrawal of deposits by customers in the occupied territories, which led to a reduction of the resource base of the country's banking system by 8.5 billion dollars. At the same time, banks lost control over assets in the occupied territories.
The issue of creating a free economic zone in the temporarily occupied part of the territory of Ukraine in 2014 is important. The adoption of the relevant Law of Ukraine on the creation of the free economic zone "Crimea" and on the peculiarities of economic activity in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine from August 12, 2014 was not accepted by experts, the Crimean Tatar people, and society as a whole. In the end, the Law was recognized as having lost its validity in 2021.
Attention was also paid to some aspects of taxation of real estate located in temporarily occupied territories, especially in cases where citizens of Ukraine cannot use their property due to the occupation of certain territories or its use is dangerous to life.
Certain aspects of the influence of digitalization on the development of economic legal relations
Authors: Osinska O.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the impact of digitization on economic legal relations depends on two main stages of digital maturity of the enterprise: 1) digitization and automation, 2) digitization and digital transformation.
It was concluded that at the first stage, only a part of the management and control functions are transferred to the digital form, and therefore the change in intra-economic relations concerns the activities of the structural subdivisions of the enterprise's management apparatus: accounting, internal control, contractual, marketing, personnel, planning work. A structural division of information technologies is also being created. In conditions of remote location of the company's structural divisions, organizational unity is ensured based on the use of Internet technologies. Local acts of the enterprise introduce the rules of electronic document management, digital security, preservation of commercial secrets and interaction between structural units based on digital technologies. The impact of digitalization on organizational and economic relations at the first stage consists in the creation of a website on which, in accordance with the requirements of current legislation, business entities publish information about their activities. Licensing of economic activity takes place electronically. Industrial-economic relations at the first stage of digitization consist in the creation of a site by the company to promote the company's manufactured goods and services or ensure contacts with counterparties and consumers, but this does not lead to a change in the company's business model. It is justified that at the second stage of digitalization, the business model of the enterprise changes, the virtualization of its economic activity can be complete or partial. An enterprise can create virtual and real structural subdivisions to carry out business activities in the digital space. For the proper organization of intra-economic relations between them, such economic and legal means as local normative acts of the enterprise and intra-economic contracts can be used. A virtual enterprise can be a complex economic system where there are intrasystem legal relations that have an organizational and economic nature, as well as external industrial and economic and civil legal relations.
The twentieth anniversary of the Law of Ukraine "On state support of the agriculture of Ukraine": is there a future?
Authors: Hryhorieva K.A.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the twenty-year history of the existence of the special Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine". Adopted in 2004, this Law was the need of the hour - it became a key legislative act, which actually laid the foundation for the further qualitative development of agro-protection law. The twenty-year existence of this Law requires an analysis of its evolution and problematic issues, determination of development trends and real impact on social relations. Such a fundamental analysis will make it possible to answer the main question: is this Law able to effectively regulate agro-protection relations in today's complex conditions, taking into account the war and post-war challenges. The conducted research was structured according to three stages of the transformation of the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine”: the stage of approbation of the primary model (2004-2008); the stage of anti-crisis modernization (2009­2019); stage of forced modernization (2020 - until today). In general, after analyzing the twenty- year history of the evolution of the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine”, we can conclude that this Law does not fulfill the socially important tasks assigned to it. It had the most conceptual appearance in its initial edition; the least conceptual - today. A significant part of its norms throughout the period of its existence remained declarative, which in general had an extremely negative impact on the regulation of agricultural protection relations: declarative, non­working norms created a distorted image of the current system of state support for agriculture. The current agricultural protection legislation does not provide for any "pillars”, i.e., key legal support mechanisms - instead, the Law now contains a scattered list of individual mechanisms with a greater or lesser degree of detail in their regulation. Even the state of war and the need for special support of agricultural producers in the period 2022-2024 did not push the lawmaker to conceptual reform of the current agricultural protection legislation, but the urgent need for its implementation is already obvious.
Certain aspects of state registration of the right to permanent use of a land plot
Authors: Ilkiv N.V.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the state of legal regulation of the right to permanent use of a land plot in Ukraine. The author focuses on the changes in the legal regulation of land relations as a result of land privatization, which, accordingly, affected the change in the essence of the right of permanent land use. Legislative attempts to force the subjects of the right of permanent use of land plots to re-register have led to a decrease in the number of objects of such a right. At the legislative level, the subject composition of this right has been repeatedly changed. However, this right exists and is likely to continue to exist, creating certain problems for the legislator who will try to regulate these issues and law enforcement agencies.
The article provides a systematic analysis of the right of permanent use of land plots, identifies the mechanisms for exercising the right of permanent use and establishes the ways of efficient use of land in permanent use by various entities.
Changes in the legal regulation of the institution of the right of permanent use of land plots are expected to increase budget revenues. They will promote transparency of land relations through the conclusion of land sublease agreements, prevent corruption in the land sector, and help determine the legal fate of the right of permanent use of persons who are not included in the list of entities that may acquire the right of permanent use of land from state and municipal property in Article 92 of the Land Code. At the same time, the gaps in the legislation require further scientific research with the formulation of proposals for improving the land legislation of Ukraine.
Problems of documenting an administrative offense, the responsibility for which is provided for in Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses
Authors: Berestenko D.O.
Published: May 2024

The scientific article identifies the problems of documenting an administrative offense, the responsibility for which is provided for by Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Аdministrative Offenses, and proposed ways to solve them.
The author carried out an analysis of statistical data based on the results of the courts of first instance regarding the consideration of cases of administrative offenses under Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses for the year 2023.
The author has researched and summarized the judicial practice of court consideration of cases on administrative offenses, the responsibility for which is provided for in Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, in particular, court decisions on closing proceedings in such cases due to the absence of an event and composition of an administrative offense. It has been established that in most cases, the courts state that the police officers did not properly draw up protocols and did not follow the procedure for documenting the violation.
Attention is focused on the fact that signs of intoxication must be indicated in the protocol on an administrative offense in order to substantiate the grounds for the inspection. It was established that the presence of a referral for an examination of a person for intoxication from a police officer is mandatory. It has been found that missing the terms of proceedings in such cases is often the reason for closing the case before the judge. It is emphasized that mistakes in police activity occur during video recording of an examination of the state of alcohol, drug or other intoxication or being under the influence of drugs that reduce attention and reaction speed.
The author emphasizes that the low legal awareness of individual police officers leads to inaccuracies in the description of the offense in the protocol on the administrative offense and the qualification of the offender's actions. It was found that the police do not always take into account the circumstances that exempt the offender from administrative responsibility.
In order to improve the procedure for documenting cases under Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses proposed to conduct an analysis of the decisions made by the courts for such cases, to identify typical errors and to conduct additional training with police officers who document such cases, for example, within the scope of official training.
The author concluded that the work on defining the problems of documenting an administrative offense, the responsibility for which is provided by Article 130 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, is not permanent, but should be dynamic under the control of authorized persons of the National Police, who are responsible for personnel training, professional development, and professional training of police officers.
Corruption risks during public procurement in the conditions of military status
Authors: Harbinska-Rudenko A.V. , Pokutnii O.O. , Shymko V.R.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the content of corruption, its definition and impact on legal relations, in particular in the public procurement system. The damage of corruption in the system of budgetary legal relations and the set of measures that can be applied to minimize manifestations of corruption in the system of public procurement are indicated.
It was analyzed that budgetary legal relations, as a system regulating the formation, distribution and use of budget funds, are extremely vulnerable to corruption risks. The efficiency and transparency of public procurement should ensure the stable development of the country, guarantee the well­being of citizens and provide opportunities for the implementation of important social and economic programs. It is argued that corruption in budgetary legal relations is not just individual cases of misconduct, but a systemic problem that has a significant negative impact on all spheres of the state's life.
The system of corruption risks identified by the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption of Ukraine in the field of public procurement and ways of solving them are analyzed.
It was determined that the negative consequences of corruption in the public procurement system form such key corruption risks as overestimating the value of the price offer and obtaining illegal profits by bidders; waste of state funds; collusion between the participants and the customer for the purpose of obtaining an illegal benefit and others.
The authors summarize that overcoming corruption in the field of public procurement requires complex measures, namely improving legislation, increasing the effectiveness of anti­corruption bodies, ensuring their independence and applying effective accountability.
It is concluded that corruption in budgetary legal relations is a systemic problem that carries significant risks for the sustainable development of Ukraine, affects the decrease of budget revenues, inefficient use of budget funds, undermines trust in the authorities and affects the financial security of the state's needs.
An essential characteristic of the economic security of the state
Authors: Zub V.V.
Published: May 2024

The article examines and summarizes existing scientific and theoretical approaches to the definition of «economic security» as a complex economic-legal and sociological legal category, a component of national security. Arguments are given that the concepts of «national security» and «economic security» are related to each other as a system and an element of the system, while both categories have a direct influence on each other. It is noted that economic security creates a basis for the functioning of all other elements included in its system - military, technical, food, environmental. The diversity of points of view and a unified legislative approach to understanding the essence and content of the category «economic security» was noted, the inconsistency of the scientific and normative interpretation of threats / challenges to the economic security of Ukraine, which gives rise to a number of contradictions in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, negatively affects the formation of the conceptual foundations of economic security The author's definition of economic security is presented, which should be understood as the state of protection of the economic sphere of the state and national economic interests from the negative impact of external and internal threats and challenges, destabilizing factors, which is provided by a complex of regulatory and legal, organizational and institutional, technical and technological and innovative and investment measures The need for the formation of an effective and efficient system of economic security, which will act as a guarantor of the protection of national economic interests from real and potential destructive factors, is substantiated. Arguments are given regarding the expediency in the conditions of the complex socio-political and military situation in Ukraine of developing a new Strategy for the economic security of Ukraine for the post-war period, which would take into account the vision of international financial institutions, the European Union and the Council of Europe on this issue and determine along with such interrelated structural components, such as macroeconomic, investment, innovation, financial, foreign trade, and other areas of ensuring economic security - social, demographic, food, energy, and environmental.
Police custody: preventive or coercive police measure
Authors: Kaliman M.R.
Published: May 2024

The scientific article is an attempt to find out whether police care belongs to a preventive or coercive police measure:
It has been established that in view of the legal basis, police custody is clearly classified as preventive police measures.
It is emphasized that the essence of police custody is the limitation of some constitutional human rights, although the purpose of applying the measure is preventive - prevention of offenses committed by persons subject to police custody and in relation to such persons. It was determined that police custody should be carried out taking into account, first of all, guarantees of human rights and freedoms, guided by the principles of the rule of law.
The analysis of the theory of administrative law and the normative legal grounds for the use of police custody allowed the author to attribute the latter to measures of administrative coercion, namely, measures of administrative prevention. It has been proven that the purpose of applying administrative prevention measures coincides with the purpose of applying police supervision.
The article delimits police custody from the delivery and detention of the offender. The author dispels the myth about the identity of police custody, delivery and administrative detention, because they fundamentally differ in their purpose, the place where the person is delivered, the terms of application, and the legal meaning. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the parallel application of other preventive police measures (surface inspection, document verification, interviews) is possible during the implementation of any of these measures. Attention was drawn to the fact that police coercive measures (measures of physical influence, special measures) can be applied during delivery and administrative detention, but not during police custody.
It was concluded that there is a platform for discussion about the affiliation of police custody to a specific type of police measures.