bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient attendance at a pediatric emergency referral hospital in an area with low COVID-19 incidence
Authors: Shichijo Koichi , Takeuchi Shunsuke , Tayama Takahiro , Takei Mikiko , Fujioka Keisuke , Ono Akemi , Shono Miki , Suga Kenichi , Kondo Reiko , Kaimen Takashi , Arima Nobuo , Kondo Shuji
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of individual infection control measures and physical distancing on pediatric medical care in a local prefecture in Japan, where the incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pediatric patients was extremely low. We extracted data from hospital records on the number of outpatients, inpatients, infectious disease consultations, and consultations for representative pediatric diseases. We compared attendance in 2017–2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, with 2020, when COVID-19 spread to Japan. There were no COVID-19 patients in the pediatric department during the study period. The total number outpatient visits decreased by 24.4%, and the number of hospital admissions, excluding neonatal care unit admissions, decreased by approximately 35%. There was a marked reduction in the number of hospitalizations for infectious diseases such as influenza (−74.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus infection (−93.5%), and the number of hospitalizations for bronchitis/pneumonia, Kawasaki disease, and bronchial asthma decreased. In contrast, the number of clinical psychological interventions and cases reported to the child guidance center increased. In the context of pandemic infectious diseases, it is important to control the spread of problematic infectious diseases by individual infection control measures and physical distancing. However, it is necessary to maintain social life as much as possible for the mental health and physical development of children.
Effect of axial length on peripapillary microvasculature: An optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Park Kee Sup , Lim Hyung Bin , Shin Yong Il , Park Gi Seok , Lee Woo Hyuk , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the effects of axial length (AL) on the peripapillary microvascular density acquired from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

Retrospective observational study. A total of 111 eyes from 111 normal healthy subjects were examined. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the AL: Group 1 (AL: < 24.0 mm; 35 eyes), Group 2 (AL: 24.0–25.99 mm; 37 eyes), and Group 3 (AL: ≥ 26 mm; 39 eyes). Peripapillary OCTA images were acquired using 6× 6 mm angiography scans, and vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) of the superficial capillary plexus were calculated automatically. VD and PD were compared among the three groups according to the distance from the optic disc (inner and outer rings). Linear regression analyses were also performed to identify clinical factors associated with average VD.

Results

The average ALs of Groups 1–3 were 23.33± 0.57, 25.05± 0.60, and 27.42± 0.82, respectively. Average VD (P = 0.009) and PD (P = 0.029) in the inner ring increased with increasing AL. However, average VD (P < 0.001) and PD (P < 0.001) in the outer ring decreased with AL increased; the same trends were found for the full areas (VD, p<0.001; PD, p = 0.001). Average VDs in the inner and outer rings were not associated (P = 0.938).

Conclusions

Peripapillary VD and PD were significantly associated with AL. Depending on the distance from the disc, peripapillary VDs and PDs of the inner and outer rings were differentially affected by AL. Physicians should therefore consider the effects of AL in the analyses of peripapillary microvasculature.
Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese
Authors: Ying Li , Yang Yunjia , Zhou Jun , Huang Hairong , Du Guankui
Published: October 2021

Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.
Soil urease inhibition by various plant extracts
Authors: Rana Muhammad Ajmal , Mahmood Rashid , Ali Sajid
Published: October 2021

Urea is the most popular and widely used nitrogenous fertilizer. High soil urease activity rapidly hydrolyses applied urea to ammonia which contributes to soil nitrogen (N) losses and reduces N use efficiency of crop plants. The ammonia losses can be minimized by the inhibition of soil urease activity which has been explored using various potential chemical inhibitors. However, the soil urease activity inhibition potential of plant extracts is rarely explored to date. In the present study, extracts of 35 plant materials were taken and evaluated against jack bean urease. Eleven extracts, showing >50% jack bean urease inhibition, were selected and further investigated in 13 soils collected from various districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Interestingly, except Capsicum annum, Melia azedarach, Citrus reticulata and Quercus infectoria, the plant extracts showed urease inhibition activities in soils, the extent of which was lower as compared to that observed in jack bean urease though. Maximum urea hydrolysis inhibition (70%) was noted with Vachellia nilotica which was 40% more than that of hydroquinone (50%) followed by that of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (24%). The extracts of V. nilotica and E. camaldulensis were coated on urea and applied to soil in the next step. At 21st day, 239% and 116% more urea-N was recovered from soil treated with V. nilotica and E. camaldulensis extracts coated urea, respectively, as compared to uncoated urea. Conclusively, these results indicated that the coating of V. nilotica and E. camaldulensis extracts on urea prills prolonged urea persistence in soil owing to minimum urea hydrolysis, probably, the extracts of V. nilotica and E. camaldulensis showed their urease inhibition potential. The results of this study provide a base line for the identification of new soil urease inhibitor compounds from plant materials in future.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans serve as alternative receptors for low affinity LCMV variants
Authors: Volland André , Lohmüller Michael , Heilmann Emmanuel , Kimpel Janine , Herzog Sebastian , von Laer Dorothee
Published: October 2021

Members of the Old World Arenaviruses primarily utilize α-dystroglycan (α-DAG1) as a cellular receptor for infection. Mutations within the glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) reduce or abrogate the binding affinity to α-DAG1 and thus influence viral persistence, kinetics, and cell tropism. The observation that α-DAG1 deficient cells are still highly susceptible to low affinity variants, suggests the use of an alternative receptor(s). In this study, we used a genome-wide CRISPR Cas9 knockout screen in DAG1 deficient 293T cells to identify host factors involved in α-DAG1-independent LCMV infection. By challenging cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), pseudotyped with the GP of LCMV WE HPI (VSV-GP), we identified the heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis pathway as an important host factor for low affinity LCMV infection. These results were confirmed by a genetic approach targeting EXTL3, a key factor in the HS biosynthesis pathway, as well as by enzymatic and chemical methods. Interestingly, a single point mutation within GP1 (S153F or Y155H) of WE HPI is sufficient for the switch from DAG1 to HS binding. Furthermore, we established a simple and reliable virus-binding assay, using directly labelled VSV-GP by intramolecular fusion of VSV-P and mWasabi, demonstrating the importance of HS for virus attachment but not entry in Burkitt lymphoma cells after reconstitution of HS expression. Collectively, our study highlights the essential role of HS for low affinity LCMV infection in contrast to their high affinity counterparts. Residual LCMV infection in double knockouts indicate the use of (a) still unknown entry receptor(s).
The validity and efficacy of ‘Spheres of Musical Understanding: A Fluid, Situational and Context-Specific Model’
Authors: Rutkowski Joanne , Kooistra Lauren K.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to propose a model for the development of musical understanding that is fluid, situational and context-specific and to investigate the model’s validity. The model was developed through observations while teaching, viewing video recordings of young children in interactive music environments, analysing other models and theories of development of musical understanding, and discussion and reflection on our own practice and that of others. In this article, we present the model, comparing and contrasting it primarily with Gordon’s theories of Preparatory Audiation and Audiation and Voyajolu and Ockelford’s Sounds of Intent model. For this initial validation of the model, two early childhood music researchers independently observed a video recording of one 3-year-old child during a 60-minute preschool music class, documenting his musical responses and initiations as well as periods where there was seemingly a lack of musical engagement. We labelled each response in association with the model, as appropriate. Through this study, we were able to explain the child’s engagements through the lens of the model; it was clear the hypothesis of a fluid model was supported. Refinements to the model for easier use were recommended as well as conducting observations of children in other situations and contexts.
ISSUES OF STUDYING AND PRESERVING OF KAZAKH WINTERINGS
Authors:   «Begazy-Tasmola» Research Center of History and Archaeology, A. BEISENOV
Published: October 2021

The report provides new materials on the Kazakh winterings of the 19th - early 20th centuries, located in the eastern regions ofCentral Kazakhstan. Winterings were built using stone, wood and adobe bricks, and at present they are represented only by ruins of varying preservation. Winterings is a type of poorly explored sites. Currently, the need to develop a methodology for their comprehensive study is especially growing. It is important to carry out work to identify and permanently fix these sites. Winterings belong to the category of rapidly decaying sites, most of them have already disappeared from the face of the earth. According to the author, the Kazakh winterings mark the locations of the settlements of the Saka time and very often they overlap the sites of ancient dwellings. Among the new data, such facts were noted in the tracts ofDosbolay, Mauke, Malmak, Tungatar. In modern studies of the ruins of Kazakh winterings, old photographs and paintings stored in the funds of museums can be used as important additional materials. Keywords: Kazakh winterings, Kazakh Upland, settlements of the Saka time, topography, S.M. Dudin
THE TOMSK ESTATE OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY DEPARTMENT OF THE CABINET OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY: BORDERS, MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE, GOVERNING
Authors:   The Museum of Novosibirsk, A. KOSHELEV
Published: October 2021

The article introduces new archival data on the history of the Tomsk estate of the Altai district - one of the 12 estates established by an imperial decree of April 11, 1896 on the lands of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty and operating until 1911. On the basis of archival cartographic materials, information is considered about the boundaries of the Tomsk estate, which occupied the northern part of the Altai District, administrative-territorial formations and large forests - pine forests located within the boundaries of the estate, the organization of the estate management structure, with the location of the estate manager and his office in the village ( from December 28, 1903 according to the old style - the city) of Novo-Nikolaevsk, the residence of the main officials who managed the estate and its parts. According to archival and bibliographic data, brief information is presented about the managers of the Tomsk estate V.S. Shubenko, P.N. Sobolev, D.D. Nazarov, A.G. Kiyutse, along with the list of managers and assistants to the manager of the Tomsk estate in chronological order. Keywords: Novosibirsk, Cabinet of his Imperial Majesty, Altai district, Novonikolaevsk, Tomsk estate, officials of the Tomsk estate
THE MAIN AREAS OF ACTIVITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE ALTAI REGION IN 2020 YEAR (RUSSIA)
Authors:   The Department of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Region, K. RYABTSEVA
Published: October 2021

The article devotes to the main results of the work of the Department of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Territory, created in 2017. The main areas of activity are the implementation of powers for state supervision over the state, maintenance and use of cultural heritage sites, measures for state protection, accounting and popularization, an increase of the number of repair and restoration work carried out, and the establishment of responsibility for violations of the requirements of protective legislation. During the period of the department’s work, there has been a positive trend in the main areas of activity for the protection of historical and architectural sites in the Altai Region. As part of improving the regional regulatory legal framework, the department has prepared more than 1000 regulatory legal acts. In the region, the beginning of the formation of judicial practice of bringing to responsibility for the facts of illegal archaeological field work, as well as transactions with archaeological objects in violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. This laid the foundation for the legal basis for the effective protection of the interests of the state in the field of state supervision over the circulation of cultural values and archaeological objects. Keywords: cultural heritage objects, state supervision, licensing activities, regulatory legal acts, security obligations, objects of protection, territory boundaries, protection zones, preservation, restoration, repair
MOUNDS OF THE ELITE OF THE LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE SOUTH OF KULUNDA (NECROPOLIS OF THE VOLCHIKHINSKY DISTRICT OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY)
Authors:   Altai State University, Ya. FROLOV
Published: October 2021

The Volchikhinsky District of the Altai Territory is located in the southern part of the Kulunda Plain. This territory is the border zone of the southern Kulunda and the Priobskoye plateau. Most of the region is a steppe zone. This area is plowed. A large group of burial grounds of the elite of antiquity and the Middle Ages is concentrated in the Volchikhinsky district. It belongs to a large group of burial grounds with large mounds in the southern part of Kulunda. The Volchikha group includes 17 burial grounds. These are such necropolises as Pyatkov Log-I, Solonovka-I, Vostrovo-I, III. The most grandiose grave structures were found at the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground. They reach 90-100 m in diameter. These are large burial mounds 6 m high. They are surrounded by a wide ditch and rampart. To the south of this burial ground on the border of the northwestern foothills of Altai in the Aleiskaya steppe, a similar monument, Bugry, was investigated. This necropolis dates back to the end of the Scythian-Saka time. The mounds of the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground and most of the other elite mounds of the Volchikhinsky region also belong to this period. Keywords: Altai Territory, barrow group, "elite" burial structures, early Iron Age, Scythian-Saka time, Kulunda, Priobskoe plateau
“VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL” IN BARNAUL -A HISTORY OF THE EDUCATIONAL BUILDING OF THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Altai regional local history non-government organization «Altai Heritage», M. TSELISHCHEVA
Published: October 2021

In 2018-2019, the author took part in the teamwork on the development of a project of restoration of facades of the regional significance heritage monument “VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL” and in the cultural heritage site protection project development. The team has prepared project documentation on the ground of the first-time use of archival materials and other sources. Next, there a state historical and cultural examination of the submitted documentation was carried out, according to the results of which the experts have concluded the compliance of the documents with the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects. The building was built in Barnaul, Altai Krai in 1942 and was prepared to accommodate the vocational school No. 4, evacuated from Stalingrad (Volgograd). The building has a variable number of storeys with a basement floor and is located in the city center in a row of stone buildings of the Soviet period on Lenina Prospect, with an indentation from the building line. It is an example of an educational building in the forms of Soviet neoclassicism. Keywords: educational building, technical school, evacuated school, architectural monument, monuments of history and culture, objects of cultural heritage
TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SITES OF MONGOLIAN TIME (CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, E. DMITRIEV ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2021

The article presents a generalized characteristic of the empirical types of the Mongolian time sites in Saryarka. They were previously divided into two groups: the first (allochthonous) one is represented by the alleged burials of the Early Mongolian archaeological culture; the second (autochthonous) one continues the conditionally immanent development of burial architecture and rituals of the Oguz-Kimak-Kypchak population in the realities of the Golden Horde dominion and the influence of Islam. To identify the burials of the early Mongols, a feature is used (the installation of the small ruminant’s leg bone in a vertical manner at the head of the deceased), which is characteristic of the rituals of the population of the Baikal region. The rest of the parameters (the grave structure, etc.) are rather trivial for the population of the early, and partly, the developed Middle Ages of Saryarka. In the Golden Horde time, the construction of the grave structures began to undergo changes. Stone embankments were replaced by earthen ones. Sub-kurgan adobe enclosures, including peshtaks, appeared. Non-inventory graves made in accordance with the qibla began to spread. Keywords: Saryarka, developed Middle Ages, burial, ritual, complex
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE CHEKANOVSKY LOG-1 SETTLEMENT IN ALTAI FOOTLAND IN AUTUMN 2020
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, I. Savko ,   Altai State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the results of the survey of the archaeological heritage site “Chekanovsky Log-1 settlement” located on the right bank of the Alei river which currently belongs to the northern coastline of the Gilevsky reservoir in the Tretyakovsky district of the Altai Territory. During the exploration, the archaeological complex was examined for destruction, an eye plan was drawn up, and a general description of the current state of the monument was made. On the eroded part of the object, lifting material was collected, which was ceramics of the Late Bronze Age, presumably related to the Sargarin-Alekseevsk culture, as well as a fragment of a grater or grain grater. Based on the results of the measures taken, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the emergency state of the object, which is supported by the erosion of the surf line due to the activity of the reservoir. Significant anthropogenic impact is associated with the use of its area as a place for recreation and agricultural needs. Keywords: foothill Altai, Lower Bronze Age, Sargarin-Alekseevskaya culture, archaeological monitoring
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SECURITY WORKS AT MGK-2/6-3 SITE IN 2019
Authors:   Altai State University, V. SAIBERT , S. Grushin ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the results of studies of the Maly Gonbinsky Cordon-2/6 complex, located in the Talmenskiy district of the Altai Region in 2019. At the previously recorded destroyed area of the archaeological site, rescue operations were carried out and an excavation was laid at the 48 sq. m. Excavations have investigated two objects - a dwelling and the end of the ditch with a structure above it. The dwelling discovered during the excavations most likely represented a structure deepened into the ground, the structure above the ditch had a sub-square shape in the center of which a trapezoidal ditch was fixed in section. In the course of the work, a ceramic complex was obtained, represented by round-bottomed vessels with a rim bent outward, and also several fragments of indeterminate animal bones and horse teeth were recorded. Based on the material found, the site can be preliminarily attributed to the 2nd half of the 5th - 6th centuries AD. Culturally, the ceramic complex belongs to the Odintsovo culture. Keywords: ancient settlements, emergency excavations, preservation of sites, early Middle Ages
BONE LININGS ON THE QUIVER FROM THE MEDIEVAL BURIALS OF THE KUZNETSK BASIN
Authors:   Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, M. SULEYMENOV , A. Ilyushin ,   Kuzbass State Technical University named after T. F. Gorbachev
Published: October 2021

The article examines bone quiver linings found in medieval burials of soldiers from the Kuznetsk basin. These finds are summarized in the figure. Bone linings performed the function of strengthening the structure and at the same time decorated the quiver. Currently known cases of their being in medieval funeral complexes on the territory of the Kuznetsk basin are described and summarized. The dimensions of bone linings are fixed, and the degree of their preservation is estimated. Individual products are decorated with ornaments. Description of elements and motifs of ornamentation applied on bone plates is given. Based on the elements and motives of ornamentation or its absence, a wide range of analogies are given from monuments of the early and developed Middle Ages of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The initial classification of linings for quiver is carried out according to the production material and their shape. The identified types are assigned to two archaeological and ethnographic complexes (burials of a person according to the rite of cremation on the side and burials of a person according to the rite of corpse with a carcass or skin of a horse) and archaeological cultures - Saratov and Shandinsky. Keywords: Kuznetsk Basin, middle ages, quiver, bone linings, ornament
CORD-MARCED WARE FROM THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE OF THE KUDA RIVER VALLEY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE IRKUTSK MUSEUM OF REGIONAL STUDIES AND FIELD RESEARCH IN 2020)
Authors:   Irkutsk Museum of Regional Studies, G. IVANOV
Published: October 2021

The Kuda river valley is a steppe region located to the west of Lake Baikal. It is a natural corridor that connects the valleys of the Angara and Lena rivers. Therefore, the study of cultural processes that took place there in ancient times is important for understanding the picture of the past of the entire Baikal Siberia. One of the most widespread categories of archaeological material is a fragment of ceramic vessels, among which the vessels with cord marking on the outside of the body stand out. In 2020, as a result of excavation work at the Kapsal-6 site (in the middle reaches of the Kuda River), the remains of at least 3 ceramic vessels were recorded, decorated with a combination of cord marking, pasted on rollers and imprints. The parameters of the artifacts made it possible to reconstruct the preliminary dimensions of the pottery, to reveal a number of points in the technology of its production. In addition, a preliminary dating has been established - the late Bronze Age of the 10th - 7th centuries BC, based on analogies with materials from the Tyshkine III station on Olkhon Island. Keywords: ceramic, cord marking, bands, station, cultural layer
RIVETED IRON BOILER FROM THE BASION OF THE ANUJ RIVER UPSTREAM IN ALTAI
Authors:   Anokhin National Museum of the Altai Republic, S. KIREEV
Published: October 2021

An iron cauldron was found by residents of the village Verkh-Beloanuy of the Altai Republic in stone deposits near the foot of the mountain. The boiler has a straight body tapering towards the bottom and a rounded bottom. The vessel is made of several forged metal plates of various sizes and configurations, joined together with metal rivets. The boiler belongs to the suspended type, although its handle has not survived. Iron riveted cauldrons of various shapes and sizes were used in Altai from the ancient Turkic to the ethnographic time. Although they are quite a rare find. The cauldron from Verkh-Beloanuy dates back to the 17th-18th centuries. According to the local population, the cauldron was a helmet and could belong to the mythical Altai hero Sartakpay. In the legends of the Altaians, Sartakpay was the builder of bridges, roads, gave them agriculture and literacy. He possessed immense growth and gigantic strength. Legends about Sartakpay survive in Altai to the present day. Keywords: Gorny Altai, late Middle Ages, Altai ethnography, iron boiler, modern mythology of the Altai
V.D. KUBAREV IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF ANOKHIN NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC
Authors:   Anokhin National Museum of the Altai Republic, S. KIREEV
Published: October 2021

In 2021, we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of Historical Sciences, employee of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, V.D. Kubarev. The article notes a great contribution of the scientist to the study of the archaeological cultures of Altai and Mongolia, the discovery of more than a thousand new sites of antiquity. Anokhin National Museum of the Altai Republic has a large collection of materials consisting of 747 units of almost all historical periods, transferred to scientists in different years. Among them are several deer stones and ancient Turkic statues, materials from the Bike-I, Ulandryk-I, Jolin-III, Talduair-I, III, Kuyakhtanar, Burata burial grounds. The collections feature weapons and household items, jewelry and clothing items, horse equipment. Many exhibits from the collection of V.D. Kubarevs occupy a worthy place in the exhibition halls of the museum of the Scythian-Saka, Xiongnu--Sarmatian and ancient Turkic times of Altai, were demonstrated at thematic exhibitions. The library of the museum constantly received all the scientific publications of the scientist as a gift. A number of museum employees constantly participated in the scientist’s expeditions and became professional archaeologists. Keywords: Gorny Altai, archaeology, V.D. Kubarev, Anokhin National Museum of the Altai Republic, museum collections
COLLECTION OF PHOTOS IN THE FUNDS OF THE “GOROD” MUSEUM
Authors:   Museum “Gorod”, O. UTEVA
Published: October 2021

The article considers the role of museum exhibits in the form of photographic material of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the history of Barnaul local lore. Individual copies of photographs can help to create a more complete picture of the personalities who lived and worked in the city at the turn of the century, as well as about the masters of photography and their studios in different cities of the Tomsk province, whose activities are noted in a number of historical sources. The task of the study was to compile a general description of the photographic collection for its further study. The copies of photographs that have come to the museum, but do not belong to the Barnaul photo salons, indicate the development of social ties between the cities of Siberia. The author gives a generalized class characteristic for representatives of the photo business at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and also identifies the main stylistic features that distinguish some specific master photographers. The study identified links between individual historical figures and activities in the region and beyond and resulted in the course for further study of the material. Keywords: history, LOCAL history, archive, city history, photo history, historical connections
Aplicações de trítio na determinação de tempos de residência no ciclo hidrológico
Authors: Silva Aurélio Fernando Paiva , Cota Stela Dalva Santos , Moreira Rubens Martins
Published: October 2021

Como traçador em hidrologia, o trítio pode ser utilizado para inúmeras e variadas finalidades, tais como na datação de águas subterrâneas, em medidas hidráulicas, na determinação da distribuição de tempos de residência em grandes corpos de água e na atmosfera, em medições de balanço hídrico e em estudos da dispersão de contaminantes. Séries temporais de teor de trítio na precipitação e em pontos de observação específicos do sistema hidrológico são utilizadas para se obter modelos de parâmetros agrupados, capazes de descrever a distribuição de tempos de residência da água nos compartimentos do ciclo hidrológico. Este artigo apresenta uma descrição dos aspectos teóricos e práticos necessários para a aplicação dessas técnicas, o estado da arte de estudos científicos envolvendo a aplicação de trítio ambiental em águas subterrâneas e em bacias hidrológicas, bem como as novas tendências em desenvolvimento na área.
Aplicação de gases nobres e seus isótopos na hidrogeologia
Authors: Kirchheim Roberto Eduardo , Chang Kiang Huang , Gastmans Didier , Ezaki Sibele , Stradioto Márcia Regina
Published: October 2021

À medida que as demandas por água aumentam, torna-se imperativo conhecer as dinâmicas de circulação das águas subterrâneas nos aquíferos, informação indispensável para a gestão sustentável dos mesmos. As técnicas envolvendo os traçadores ambientais e, dentre estes, especificamente aqueles inerentes aos gases nobres e seus isótopos, fornecem valiosas informações, como por exemplo, os tempos de residência das águas subterrâneas e as paleotemperaturas de recarga. Os gases nobres, representados pelo He, Ne, Ar, Kr e Xe possuem propriedades físicas e químicas que variam sistematicamente com seu peso atômico, além de amplas variações em suas composições isotópicas decorrentes de processos nucleares a partir de elementos parentais relativamente mais abundantes. Pelo fato de serem inertes, os gases nobres não sofrem alterações químicas e isotópicas nas interações água-rocha. Sua presença nas águas subterrâneas pode ser interpretada como uma mistura entre a componente atmosférica e a componente não atmosférica (radiogênica e/ou terrigênica). Enquanto a componente atmosférica guarda registros de dinâmicas pretéritas associadas aos processos de recarga e, portanto, de paleoambientes e clima, as componentes não atmosféricas, essencialmente associadas aos isótopos de He (3He e 4He), assim como isótopos radiogênicos, entre eles o 81Kr, 85Kr e 39Ar, fornecem informação de caráter cronológico. O presente artigo apresenta uma completa revisão bibliográfica sobre o significado da concentração dos gases nobres dissolvidos em água, suas respectivas componentes e os caminhos metodológicos empregados para extrair informações para a hidrogeologia. Da mesma forma, são apresentadas as práticas amostrais de campo, as estratégias analíticas e os caminhos metodológicos para o tratamento dos dados, a partir da alusão aos principais trabalhos desenvolvidos pela comunidade científica internacional. Finalmente, são apresentadas e discutidas as iniciativas pioneiras em gases nobres no Brasil, com destaque para as aplicações no âmbito do Sistema Aquífero Guarani. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho fornece uma ampla visão do uso dos gases nobres e informações relevantes para a difusão das referidas técnicas no país.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Corpo
Published: October 2021

É com imensa satisfação que lançamos Derbyana, a revista peer-reviewed e de acesso aberto dedicada a Geociências do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo. Derbyana dá continuidade à Revista do Instituto Geológico (1980-2020) e ao periódico do Instituto Geográfico e Geológico, o I.G.G. (1943-1968), que foram antecedidos pelos boletins científicos da Comissão Geographica e Geologica do Estado de São Paulo, editados desde 1889.
O nome escolhido para a revista é uma homenagem a Orville Adelbert Derby (1851-1915), um dos patronos das Geociências no Brasil e um dos fundadores da Commissão Geographica e Geológica de São Paulo, criada em 1886, que realizou pesquisas pioneiras sobre solo, clima, geomorfologia, geologia e hidrografia no âmbito do Estado de São Paulo. Essa Comissão, de cunho científico e expedicionário, foi o embrião de diversas instituições de pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo tais como o Instituto Geológico, Instituto Florestal, Instituto de Botânica, Instituto Geográfico e Cartográfico, Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico, Museu Paulista e Museu de Zoologia.
Seguindo sua antecessora (Revista do Instituto Geológico), Derbyana tem como finalidade publicar artigos relacionados às Geociências e áreas correlatas, inéditos e originais, de caráter científico e/ou tecnológico. Destina-se também à publicação de revisões, mapas e cartas, notas prévias, comentários, críticas e réplicas de artigos.
Nossos esforços continuarão no sentido de aprimorar a indexação internacional e os índices de citação, bem como adotar a publicação imediata dos artigos, assim que finalizadas as etapas de revisão e editoração. Derbyana contará também com a publicação de seções dedicadas a temas relevantes em Geociências, bem como mapas e cartas com importante contribuição científica e metodológica.
Nesse volume inicial, a revista Derbyana apresenta uma série de trabalhos sobre as “Aplicações de Isótopos em Estudos Hidrológicos e Ambientais”, organizada pelo ilustre Prof. Dr. Didier Gastmans do Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA) da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), especialista em Hidrogeologia. As aplicações dos isótopos são cruciais para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento do ciclo hidrológico e sua relação com outros compartimentos geoambientais e o clima, contribuindo para a preservação dos ecossistemas terrestres frente às ações antropogênicas. Os artigos retratam o atual estado da arte sobre o tema e constituem referência importante para pesquisas futuras, que podem nortear diretrizes para o uso sustentável e gestão dos recursos hídricos.Convidamos todos a submeterem artigos para a revista.
O Corpo Editorial
From the Editor
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: October 2021

Editorial from David Goss, OD, PhD about the second military optometry issue.
Instability of corticotropin during long-term storage – myth or reality?
Authors: Hillebrand Jacquelien J. , Zhou Li , Marcinkus Marilee A. , Datwyler Maria , Gawel Susan H. , Martens Frans , Davis Gerard J. , Heijboer Annemieke C.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Corticotropin is notorious for its instability. Whereas several studies have investigated its short-term stability in plasma following venous blood sampling, studies on long-term stability are lacking. Here we investigated the long-term storage stability of corticotropin in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid containing plasma.

Methods

Specimens from healthy volunteers (neat, spiked) were stored in polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes with socket screw-caps at −20 °C and −70 °C for up to one and a half years. Corticotropin in plasma was measured using an Abbott research only immunoassay. Separately, specimens from patients were collected during diagnostic routine testing and stored in polystyrene tubes with push-caps at −20 °C for up to 6 years. In these samples corticotropin hormone was measured using the Diasorin corticotropin immunoassay.

Results

Storage of specimens at −20 °C or −70 °C for up to one and a half years showed minimal changes (<11%) in corticotropin levels, while storage of patient samples at −20 °C for up to 6 years showed a significant (54%) reduction in corticotropin levels.

Conclusions

Corticotropin levels are stable in plasma when stored at −20 °C for one and a half years using the Abbott research only assay, but with longer storage time a significant reduction in corticotropin levels can be expected. Once specimens are stored for future corticotropin measurements, one should consider storage time, storage temperature and assay differences.
The lateralization of labio-dorsals in Hmongic
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: October 2021

This paper provides support for Ratliff’s hypothesis of a highly unusual shift from labio-dorsal to lateral affricates in some Hmongic languages. It proposes that this shift, which results from a series of sound changes, constitutes evidence for positing a ‘Tlowic’ subgroup within Hmongic. In addition, it disproves attempts to use correspondences between Chinese labiovelars and Hmongic lateral affricates in borrowings as evidence to revise Chinese historical phonology.
The passive voice in ancient Indo-European languages: inflection, derivation, periphrastic verb forms
Authors: Luraghi Silvia , Inglese Guglielmo , Kölligan Daniel
Published: October 2021

The IE languages developed different strategies for the encoding of the passive function. In some language branches, the middle voice extended to the passive function to varying extents. In addition, dedicated derivational formations arose in a number of languages, such as the Greek -ē-/-thē-aorist and the Indo-Aryan -ya-presents. Periphrastic formations involving a verbal adjective or a participle are also widely attested, and played an important role in the building of the passive paradigm in e.g. Romance and Germanic languages. As the periphrastic passive is also attested in Hittite alongside passive use of the middle, both strategies seem to be equally ancient. Some minor strategies include lexical passives and the extensive lability of verbs. A survey of possible strategies provides evidence for the rise of a disparate number of morphemes and constructions, and for their ongoing incorporation into the inflectional paradigms (paradigmaticization) of given languages, thus adding to our knowledge about cross-linguistic sources of passive morphology and grammaticalization processes involved.
Apriori association rule and K-means clustering algorithms for interpretation of pre-event landslide areas and landslide inventory mapping
Authors: Kusak Lutfiye , Unel Fatma Bunyan , Alptekin Aydın , Celik Mehmet Ozgur , Yakar Murat
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an inventory of the landslide that occurred in Karahacılı at the end of 2019 was created and the pre-landslide conditions of the region were evaluated with traditional statistical and spatial data mining methods. The current orthophoto of the region was created by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In this way, the landslide areas in the region were easily determined. According to this, it was determined that the areas affected by the landslides had an average slide of 26.56 m horizontally. The relationships among the topographic, hydrographic, and vegetative factors of the region were revealed using the Apriori algorithm. It was determined that the areas with low vegetation in the study area with 55% confidence were of a Strong Slope feature from the Apriori algorithm. In addition, the cluster distributions formed by these factors were determined by K-means. Among the five clusters created with K-means, it was determined that the study area was 38% in the southeast, had a Strong Slope, Low Vegetation, Non-Stream Line, and a slope less than 140 m. K-means results of the study were made with performance metrics. Average accuracy, recall, specificity, precision, and F-1 score were found as 0.77, 0.69, 0.84, and 0.73 respectively.
Tribological characterization of graphene oxide by laser ablation as a grease additive
Authors: Ziakhodadadian Siamak , Ren Tianhui
Published: October 2021

In this work, the structural and tribological behavior of graphene oxide samples as a grease addi-tive was studied. By Nd:YAG laser ablation system and using graphite target at two laser energy of 0.3 W and 0.6 W, graphene oxide (GO) samples were successfully prepared. GO samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Also, tribological behaviors of the lubricating grease, with and without the graphene oxide in grease, by the pin-on disc tribometer were determined. The Raman spectroscopy measurements showed D and G bound, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the graphene oxide sample and also the I
D/I
G, decreased by increasing laser power due to decreasing disorder in graphene oxide structure. FESEM images show that by ablating carbon atoms from graphite target in water, particles assemble to form a GO micro-cluster due to thermodynamically agglomeration with average size of about 3–4 µm, which the size of them depends on the laser pulse energy. Based on FTIR and EDAX analysis, GO sample which prepared at lower laser energy possessed the highest content of oxygen and oxygen functional groups. In addition, the results of tribological behavior showed that the friction-reducing ability and antiwear property of the grease can be improved effectively with the addition of GO. However, it is revealed that the small size GO has a better lubricating performance and therefore cluster size appears to play a role in the degree of wear protection due to its impact on the physical and chemical properties. The results of this study indicate that the GO sample prepared at lower laser energy (0.3 W) has a smaller size and the higher the oxygen content therefore provide better friction-reducing and anti-wear effect. Also, additive of graphene oxide in lubricating grease decreases coefficient of friction as well as wear. Based on our results, the application of GO as an additive in grease leads to increased performance of the lubricated kinematic machine.
Bayesian hybrid automata: Reconciling formal methods with metrology
Authors: Kröger Paul , Fränzle Martin
Published: October 2021

Hybrid system dynamics arises when discrete actions meet continuous behaviour due to physical processes and continuous control. A natural domain of such systems are emerging smart technologies which add elements of intelligence, co-operation, and adaptivity to physical entities. Various flavours of hybrid automata have been suggested as a means to formally analyse dynamics of such systems. In this article, we present our current work on a revised formal model that is able to represent state tracking and estimation in hybrid systems and thereby enhancing precision of verification verdicts.
“We the People of Israel”: Covenant, Constitution, and the Supposed Biblical Origins of Modern Democratic Political Thought
Authors: Johnson Sophia R. C.
Published: October 2021

As an originally political term, study of the concept of “covenant” has long demonstrated the intersection of biblical studies and political theory. In recent decades, the association between covenant and constitution has come to the forefront of modern political thought in attempts to find the origins of certain democratic ideals in the descriptions of biblical Israel, in order to garner either religious or cultural authority. This is exemplified in the claims of Daniel J. Elazar that the first conceptual seeds of American federalism are found in the covenants of the Hebrew Bible. Taking Elazar’s work as a starting and end point, this paper applies contemporary biblical scholarship to his definition of biblical covenant in order to reveal the influences of his own American political environment and that of the interpreters he is dependent upon. The notion that biblical covenant or its interpretation remains a monolithic or static concept is overturned by a survey of the diverse receptions of covenant in the history of biblical scholarship from the late 19th to the late 20th centuries, contrasting American and German interpretive trends. As such, I aim to highlight the reciprocal relationship between religion and politics, and the academic study of both, in order to challenge the claim that modern political thought can be traced back to biblical conceptions.
Nonlinear plasmonic response in atomically thin metal films
Authors: Rodríguez Echarri Álvaro , Cox Joel D. , Iyikanat Fadil , García de Abajo F. Javier
Published: October 2021

Nanoscale nonlinear optics is limited by the inherently weak nonlinear response of conventional materials and the small light–matter interaction volumes available in nanostructures. Plasmonic excitations can alleviate these limitations through subwavelength light focusing, boosting optical near fields that drive the nonlinear response, but also suffering from large inelastic losses that are further aggravated by fabrication imperfections. Here, we theoretically explore the enhanced nonlinear response arising from extremely confined plasmon polaritons in few-atom-thick crystalline noble metal films. Our results are based on quantum-mechanical simulations of the nonlinear optical response in atomically thin metal films that incorporate crucial electronic band structure features associated with vertical quantum confinement, electron spill-out, and surface states. We predict an overall enhancement in plasmon-mediated nonlinear optical phenomena with decreasing film thickness, underscoring the importance of surface and electronic structure in the response of ultrathin metal films.
Unidirectional emission of phase-controlled second harmonic generation from a plasmonic nanoantenna
Authors: Tanaka Yoshito Y. , Kimura Tomoya , Shimura Tsutomu
Published: October 2021

Shaping the emission pattern of second harmonic (SH) generation from plasmonic nanoparticles is important for practical applications in nonlinear nanophotonics but is rendered challenging by the complex second-order nonlinear-optical processes. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that a pair of V- and Y-shaped gold nanoparticles directs the SH emission perpendicularly to an incident light direction. Owing to spatial overlap of two orthogonal plasmonic dipole modes at the fundamental and SH wavelengths of the individual particles, surface SH polarizations induced by the fundamental field is efficiently near-field coupled to the SH plasmon mode, resulting in dipolar SH emission from the individual particles. Moreover, the phase of this emission can be tuned simply by altering the part of the Y-particle shape, which changes the SH plasmon resonance while keeping the fundamental resonance. Our approach is a promising platform for engineering not only directional nonlinear nanoantennas but also nonlinear metamaterials.