bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerance thresholds underlie responses to DNA damage during germline development
Authors: Jansen Gloria , Gebert Daniel , Kumar Tharini Ravindra , Simmons Emily , Murphy Sarah , Teixeira Felipe Karam
Published: July 2024

Selfish DNA modules like transposable elements (TEs) are particularly active in the germline, the lineage that passes genetic information across generations. New TE insertions can disrupt genes and impair the functionality and viability of germ cells. However, we found that inP–Mhybrid dysgenesis inDrosophila, a sterility syndrome triggered by theP-element DNA transposon, germ cells harbor unexpectedly few new TE insertions despite accumulating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inducing cell cycle arrest. Using an engineered CRISPR–Cas9 system, we show that generating DSBs at silencedP-elements or other noncoding sequences is sufficient to induce germ cell loss independently of gene disruption. Indeed, we demonstrate that both developing and adult mitotic germ cells are sensitive to DSBs in a dosage-dependent manner. Following the mitotic-to-meiotic transition, however, germ cells become more tolerant to DSBs, completing oogenesis regardless of the accumulated genome damage. Our findings establish DNA damage tolerance thresholds as crucial safeguards of genome integrity during germline development.
Curved vortex surfaces in four-dimensional superfluids. I. Unequal-frequency double rotations
Authors: McCanna Ben , Price Hannah M.
Published: July 2024

The study of superfluid quantum vortices has long been an important area of research, with previous work naturally focusing on two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems, where rotation stabilizes point vortices and line vortices respectively. Interestingly, this physics generalizes for a hypothetical four-dimensional (4D) superfluid to include vortex planes, which can have a much richer phenomenology. In this paper we study the possibility of skewed and curved vortex planes, which have no direct analog in lower dimensions. By analytically and numerically studying the 4D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we show that such vortex surfaces can be stabilized and favored by double rotation with unequal rotation frequencies. Our work raises open questions for further research into the physics of these vortex surfaces and suggests interesting future extensions to tilted vortex surfaces under equal-frequency double rotation and to more realistic 4D models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Continuous operation of large-scale atom arrays in optical lattices
Authors: Gyger Flavien , Ammenwerth Maximilian , Tao Renhao , Timme Hendrik , Snigirev Stepan , Bloch Immanuel , Zeiher Johannes
Published: July 2024

Scaling the size of assembled neutral-atom arrays trapped in optical lattices or optical tweezers is an enabling step for a number of applications ranging from quantum simulations to quantum metrology. However, preparation times increase with system size and constitute a severe bottleneck in the bottom-up assembly of large ordered arrays from stochastically loaded optical traps. Here we demonstrate a method to circumvent this bottleneck by recycling atoms from one experimental run to the next, while continuously reloading and adding atoms to the array. Using this approach, we achieve densely packed arrays with more than 1000 atoms stored in an optical lattice, continuously refilled with a 3.5 s cycle time and about 130 atoms reloaded during each cycle. Furthermore, we show that we can continuously maintain such large arrays by simply reloading atoms that are lost from one cycle to the next. Our approach paves the way towards quantum science with large ordered atomic arrays containing thousands of atoms in continuous operation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Markov-chain Monte Carlo method enhanced by a quantum alternating operator ansatz
Authors: Nakano Yuichiro , Hakoshima Hideaki , Mitarai Kosuke , Fujii Keisuke
Published: July 2024

Quantum computation is expected to accelerate certain computational tasks over classical counterparts. Its most primitive advantage is its ability to sample from classically intractable probability distributions. A promising approach to make use of this fact is the so-called quantum-enhanced Markov-chain Monte Carlo (qe-MCMC) method [D. Layden , ], which uses outputs from quantum circuits as the proposal distributions. In this paper, we propose the use of a quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) for qe-MCMC and provide a strategy to optimize its parameters to improve convergence speed while keeping its depth shallow. The proposed QAOA-type circuit is designed to satisfy the specific constraint which qe-MCMC requires with arbitrary parameters. Through our extensive numerical analysis, we find a correlation in a certain parameter range between an experimentally measurable value, acceptance rate of MCMC, and the spectral gap of the MCMC transition matrix, which determines the convergence speed. This allows us to optimize the parameter in the QAOA circuit and achieve quadratic speedup in convergence. Since MCMC is used in various areas such as statistical physics and machine learning, this paper represents an important step toward realizing practical quantum advantage with currently available quantum computers through qe-MCMC.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Electronic correlations influence on the anomalous constitutive law between the structure and spectra of hydrogen bonds
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Xinrui , Yu Famin , Zhang Depeng , Wang Lu , Zhou Ruhong , Wang Zhigang
Published: July 2024

Classical constitutive law between the structure and spectra has long been established in most physical processes and behaviors. Despite the emerging consensus, whether this law applies to microscopic systems adhering to quantum mechanics remains a fundamental and open question, due to limitations in even the most state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Here, we report an anomalous constitutive law of hydrogen bonds (X-H···Y) using a benchmark method. Notably, a donor X-H bond shortening occurred simultaneously with an unexpected redshift and enhanced intensity in IR spectra. The reason for donor X-H bond shortening is attributed to both the slowly increasing attractive force from the acceptor Y atom and the increasing short-range repulsive forces from other protons attached to the approaching acceptor Y atom. Furthermore, neither eliminating vibrational mixing nor introducing various physical effects make vibrational spectra respond to X-H bond shortening. Other structural-characterization NMR spectra provide robust evidence for this anomalous law. This anomalous law is ascribed to the interplay of electronic correlations. Our Letter thus inspires a reassessment of paradigms, which broadens the scope of microscopic behavior for finer control.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Bacteria Navigate Anisotropic Media using a Flagellar Tug-of-Oars
Authors: Prabhune Ameya G. , García-Gordillo Andy S. , Aranson Igor S. , Powers Thomas R. , Figueroa-Morales Nuris
Published: July 2024

Bacteria thrive in anisotropic media such as biofilms, biopolymer solutions, and soil pores. In strongly mechanically anisotropic media, physical interactions force bacteria to swim along a preferred direction rather than to execute the three-dimensional random walk due to their run-and-tumble behavior. Despite their ubiquity in nature and importance for human health, there is little understanding of bacterial mechanisms to navigate these media while constrained to one-dimensional motion. Using a biocompatible liquid crystal, we discovered two mechanisms used by bacteria to switch directions in anisotropic media. First, the flagella assemble in bundles that work against each other from opposite ends of the cell body, and the dominating side in this flagellar “Tug-of-Oars” propels the bacterium along the nematic direction. Bacteria frequently revert their swimming direction 180∘ by a mechanism of flagellar buckling and reorganization on the opposite side of the cell. The Frank elastic energies of the liquid crystal dictate the minimum compression for the Euler buckling of a flagellum. Beyond a critical elasticity of the medium, flagellar motors cannot generate the necessary torque for flagellar buckling, and bacteria are stuck in their configuration. However, we found that bacteria can still switch swimming directions using a second mechanism where individual bundles alternate their rotation. Our results shed light on bacterial strategies to navigate anisotropic media and give rise to questions about sensing environmental cues and adapting at the level of flagellar bundles. The two adaptation mechanisms found here support the use of biocompatible liquid crystals as a synthetic model for bacterial natural environments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Competition and consumer prices in the fuel market: insights from a small EU country
Authors: Dolšak Janez
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the effect of competition on retail fuel prices in a small European Union (EU) country with high market concentration.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers use a panel data set to estimate a fuel price equation that includes supply and demand factors as well as time-fixed effects.

Findings

The study finds that more competitors in the local market decrease prices, whereas the high market share of oligopoly brands does not condition this effect. Additionally, independent brands set lower prices than wholesalers, and gas stations located near the borders of almost all neighbouring countries are associated with higher prices.

Research limitations/implications

The study suggests that Slovenia’s retail fuel market maintains competitive pricing despite high oligopolistic shares because of historical regulatory influences that shaped firm behaviour and pricing strategies, along with geographical and economic factors such as Slovenia’s role as a transit country. External competitive pressures from neighbouring countries and high levels of traffic, combined with the remnants of regulatory structures, help prevent market abuses and keep fuel prices lower than in other EU countries.

Practical implications

It also indicates that policy should encourage fiercer competition in the local market by increasing the density of gas stations, especially from independent brands.

Originality/value

These findings may be associated with specific country characteristics. This paper introduces unique findings that shed light on the impact of a small market on competition, with a particular focus on highlighting the effect of oligopolistic brands.
Self-efficacy and organizational efficacy effect on employee attrition in IT sector
Authors: Bhardwaj Shreya , Sharma S.K.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Information technology (IT) plays a major part in the economy growth of any country. Attrition has been an important issue that influences the performance of the company. The increasing levels of attrition are the most immediate concern that IT companies are facing. The present study will help in knowing the influence of self-efficacy (SE) and organizational efficacy (OE) on the turnover of an organization.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed an online survey method for data collection using a sample size of 250. Reliability and validity of the measurement scales were ensured, and hypotheses developed were tested through PLS-SEM using SMART PLS.

Findings

A large number of employees are the youth of age group 20–40 years. Work satisfaction within the organization is the main cause of attrition. Lack of contentment along with the biasness in the organizations hampers the dissatisfaction with the nature of work between employees. Thus, effective, timely communication of organizational policies and goals helps to pound satisfaction with work within the organization, which could result in lower employee attrition.

Research limitations/implications

The research has been conducted as not much research works have been found that show the relationship between SE and OE on employee attrition in the IT sector. The present study will help in further theory development and finding new aspects.

Originality/value

The research is the first of its kind, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that shows the relationship of SE and OE to employee attrition.
Interrogating the global application of e-certification of seafarers
Authors: Mataac Margie Mendoza , Manuel Michael Ekow , Pazaver Anne
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Amidst the ongoing digital transformation in the maritime industry, this study aims to interrogate the application of electronic certification (e-certification) to seafarers globally.

Design/methodology/approach

Data and methodological triangulation were used in the study. This included a scoping review to analyze the components of effective e-certificates; document analysis to evaluate the nature and functions of the international legal framework of seafarers’ e-certification and thematic and statistical analyses of responses from survey questionnaires and interviews to examine the merits, demerits and challenges to global implementation of seafarers’ e-certification. A modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was used to determine the stakeholders’ usage behavior regarding seafarers’ e-certification.

Findings

The results revealed several merits associated with the implementation of seafarers’ e-certificates, outweighing the presence of certain drawbacks. It also identified various challenges to global application along with potential solutions. Despite the strong industry support for the entire replacement of seafarers’ traditional printed certificates with e-certificates, the study concludes that the coexistence of both formats will persist until crucial challenges are effectively addressed. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended, along with the relevant International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines, functions as the international legal framework for the effective global application of electronic certification for seafarers.

Originality/value

The study addresses a significant aspect of the contemporary digital transformation of seafarers’ certification under the STCW Convention, 1978, as amended.
A critical evaluation of the validity of socioeconomic measures used in PISA
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi , Eryilmaz Nurullah
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Given the scientific and practical difficulties inherent in measuring and comparing socioeconomic deprivation (SED), and the further complexity added in cross national measurements, the main aim of this paper was to check the validity of SED measures used in PISA 2018 dataset. The SED measure used in PISA 2018 was the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status abbreviated as the ESCS index. This assessment was important as PISA analysis is based on variables derived from this instrument and the ESCS index and these reports influence and reflect international and comparative education policies and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study critically evaluates the socioeconomic status measures in the PISA 2018 dataset, focusing on their convergent validity and cross-national comparability. Using responses from over 600,000 students in 73 countries, it examines the validity of SES indicators and their comparability across countries. The study employs principal component analysis to construct local SES measures and compares them with the existing Economic, Social, and Cultural Status (ESCS) index. It explores the relationship between these SES measures and academic achievement in reading, science, and mathematics, aiming to understand their predictive validity in diverse educational settings. Statistical analyses were conducted using the IEA’s IDB Analyser and SPSS, ensuring robustness and generalisability across the diverse participant countries.

Findings

Our research findings challenge the assumed superiority of local measures over broader constructs like the Economic, Social, and Cultural Status (ESCS). It suggests that standardised measures like ESCS may provide more reliable predictions of academic achievement across various educational contexts, underscoring the complex relationship between SES measures and academic performance.

Originality/value

Our novel analysis shows that local and cross-national SED measures are poorly correlated. Our findings raise questions about the measures' validity while acknowledging the methodological challenges. We provide empirical evidence to support ongoing debates on the topic.
Intercultural mentoring: enhancing cultural competence through intergroup contact and experiential learning
Authors: Adebayo Bolanle Oyindamola , Sunderman Hannah M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To maximize the benefits of intercultural mentoring relationships, which are increasing in today’s diverse higher education environment, the current article conceptualizes the connection between intercultural mentoring and cultural competence among mentors and mentees as a learning process.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual paper discusses the nuanced aspects of intercultural mentoring. Ultimately, the current article presents a framework for a bidirectional relationship between intercultural mentoring and cultural competence through experiential learning theory and intergroup contact theory, resulting in implications for practitioners and actionable research directions.

Findings

The article highlights the interplay and interdependence of cultural competence and intercultural mentoring through experiential learning and intergroup contact theory. Cultural competence influences the quality of intercultural mentoring relationships. Conversely, intercultural mentoring relationships can develop cultural competence in mentors and mentees through experiential learning, producing positive intergroup contact behaviors. Findings suggest the need for active learning and unlearning among mentors and mentees in intercultural mentoring relationships to maximize developmental outcomes (e.g. cultural competence).

Originality/value

The proposed framework emphasizes that (1) the possession of cultural competence is a critical success factor for intercultural mentoring relationships, (2) the development of cultural competence is an outcome of successful intercultural mentoring relationships, and (3) intercultural mentoring relationships should be regarded as experiential learning platforms that can produce positive intercultural traits such as cultural competence.
The impact of technical change on income inequality in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Thu Kim , Le Quoc Hoi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the effect of technical changes on provincial-level income inequality in Vietnam. The authors also investigate whether the quality of institutions and human capital level moderate this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This research applies the fixed-effect and random-effect models on a balanced panel data set of 63 Vietnamese provinces/cities from 2010 to 2020.

Findings

The study’s empirical results show that technical improvement has a nonlinear influence on income disparity in Vietnamese localities. When the local level of technology is limited, technological change can mitigate income disparity. However, as local technological levels increase, inequality tends to rise. Moreover, the study also reveals that the quality of a province’s institutions and the level of human resources are factors that moderate the correlation between technological change and income inequality. For provinces with better institutional quality and/or better human resources, inequality tends to decline under the impact of technological change.

Practical implications

The results of this study suggest that while encouraging technology advancement, localities should also ensure sustainable development, reduce income inequality and focus on improving institutional quality and human resources development.

Originality/value

There are increasing concerns about the impact of technical change on inequality in income distribution; however, empirical evidence on this relationship in developing countries remains scarce. This study is among the few attempts to examine this issue at the provincial level of a developing country considering the moderation effect of institutional quality and human capital level.
Digital trust in supply chain finance: the role of innovative fintech service provision
Authors: Han Siqi , Ulhøi John P. , Song Hua
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how existing supply chain finance challenges confronting SMEs are affected by the emergence of smart fintech providers. In so doing the paper aims at uncovering critical role of fintech service provision in SCF and associated mechanisms that affect the SCF partners.

Design/methodology/approach

An in-depth case study approach has been applied in this study. The overall design is informed by a 5-stage-based case study approach developed in operation management, including the literature review and research question, followed by case selection and instrument development, the data gathering, the analysis and findings and dissemination.

Findings

The study shows that fintech service provider is capable of offering different digital technologies adapted to specific needs while concomitantly orchestrating the information flow across the partners. Key mechanisms that influence the establishment of trust-based relationships among the SCF partners, and related service processes and value creation based on the platform system architecture are explained.

Practical implications

Several practical implications for digital platform management and other key digital SCF partners are identified.

Originality/value

This paper contributes a novel perspective on the importance of digital trust in SCF and also contributes to the existing literature by filling up a gap with a new and fine-grained understanding of the role of fintech companies in SCF.
Video-based instruction for career development for a learner with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case study
Authors: Thull Charles Scott
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this case study is to discuss the development of a Video-Based Instruction (VBI) intervention in supporting a learner with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to independently complete a coffee preparation task in a community work setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The participant was a student with ASD enrolled in a public high school transition program with work experiences. The VBI was fully developed using an iPad’s built in camera and photos app to develop a sequence of video prompts (VP) demonstrating each step of the coffee preparation task. Baseline and intervention performance data were collected with the use of a 19-step task analysis.

Findings

The VBI intervention improved the student’s independent task completion, eliminating the need for external prompts. The student used the iPad to navigate the VP clips and completed all 19 task steps without errors, demonstrating increased independence and task proficiency.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that VBI with the iPad photos app can be an effective instructional strategy for career development individuals with ASD. Future research should explore using VBI with readily accessible technology applications for tasks essential to paid employment for learners with ASD. Additionally, it should examine the involvement of relevant stakeholders in the development and implementation of VBI.

Originality/value

This study uniquely utilized the existing iPad camera and photos app to develop and deliver VBI, highlighting its potential as an accessible tool for developing individualized VBI. The use of widely available technology simplifies the implementation process and may be easily adopted in various career development contexts for learners with ASD.
What drives customers’ participation behaviour? Unveiling the drivers of affective satisfaction and its impacts in the restaurant industry
Authors: Khalifa Gamal S.A. , Elshaer Abdallah M. , Hussain Kashif , Elnagar Ahmed K.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the factors influencing customers' attitudes and behaviours, specifically in terms of affective satisfaction, participation behaviour, and word-of-mouth, within the restaurant industry, with a focus on both tangible and intangible elements. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the dual mediating role of customer affective satisfaction in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

In this exploratory study, SEM-VB was utilized to examine data from 312 valid respondents who completed a face-to-face questionnaire using a quantitative methodology. The respondents were targeted at restaurants that serve comparable food and beverages for a similar socioeconomic class.

Findings

The findings reveal that perceived value, physical appearance, and standardization significantly contribute to customer affective satisfaction, which, in turn, positively influences their participation behaviour and word-of-mouth.

Practical implications

Practically, restaurant managers can enhance customer experiences and boost positive word-of-mouth by fostering affective satisfaction and encouraging interactive customer participation.

Originality/value

The novel concept of “affective satisfaction” contributes to restaurant management literature by identifying its tangible and intangible drivers and uncovering its outcomes in participation behaviour and word of mouth. By combining numerous factors and investigating the mediating function of affective satisfaction and based on the theory of Expectancy-Disconfirmation, this study adds to the theoretical understanding of what drives the affective satisfaction and word-of-mouth of casual dining restaurants’ customers.
Matching emotion regulation strategies with specific emotions in tourist experiences
Authors: Gao Jie , Zhang Ye
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study delves into the intricate relationship between specific positive and negative emotions experienced by tourists during their vacations and the corresponding emotion regulation strategies they employ. Drawing from emotion regulation theory, we examine the nuanced impact of various strategies on tourists' emotional experiences, thereby advancing our understanding of emotion dynamics in the context of tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered through an online survey and travel diaries, subsequently analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.

Findings

Our findings underscore that emotion regulation strategies exert a significant influence on both positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, we identified that different strategies correlate uniquely with specific emotions. For instance, the deployment of Expressive Suppression, Savoring, and Stimulus Control strategies notably amplifies the intensity of joy.

Practical implications

This study recommends that tourism managers design experiences that evoke positive emotions through curated sensory cues, storytelling, and stress-free service offerings. Tourism managers should prioritize stress-free services, guide tourists in expressing themselves, and train service providers to manage emotions effectively, thus promoting positive emotional interactions and improving overall customer satisfaction.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this research enriches the emotion regulation literature by contextualizing it within the tourism domain, highlighting the differential effects of regulation strategies on diverse emotional experiences. From a practical standpoint, these insights can guide practitioners in crafting targeted marketing strategies and empower tourists with knowledge to select optimal strategies for enhancing their emotional well-being during vacations.
Reorienting the lens – towards a new research agenda on the lived experiences of money laundering prevention officers
Authors: Menz Mario
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a new research agenda that integrates the often-overlooked insights and experiences of compliance professionals into anti-money laundering (AML) policy formulation and academic research. It seeks to highlight the importance of a bottom-up approach in developing AML strategies that are not only theoretically robust but also practically effective and grounded in real-world application.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a comprehensive literature review and theoretical analysis, this study outlines six broad research focus areas. These areas are explored through the lens of existing theoretical frameworks that underscore the significance of practical insights, interdisciplinary collaboration and adaptive policymaking in enhancing AML efforts.

Findings

This paper highlights a significant gap in current AML research and policymaking, namely, the underrepresentation of compliance professionals’ perspectives. It argues that integrating these frontline insights can lead to more nuanced and effective approach to AML.

Practical implications

Adopting the proposed research agenda could significantly enhance the practical applicability of AML policies, leading to more effective prevention and detection of financial crimes. It encourages the development of support systems for compliance professionals, fostering a workforce that is both competent and resilient.

Social implications

By promoting a more inclusive and practice-based approach to AML policymaking, this paper advocates for a societal shift in how money laundering is tackled.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the AML discourse by proposing a shift towards a more inclusive research and policymaking paradigm that values the contributions of compliance professionals. It extends the existing literature by suggesting a comprehensive framework for bridging these divides, thereby offering a novel perspective on enhancing the effectiveness of AML strategies.
Real Estate Insights: The “S” in ESG: unlocking financial performance through human capital and real estate integration
Authors: McGrath Karen , Worzala Elaine
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a different view of existing statistics and apply them to a current topic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study puts previous literature together in a way that supports a real estate-focused viewpoint.

Findings

The build environment can help or hinder diversity in the workplace.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this study are that it is so macro that there is no direct study involved. The implications are that if companies want to achieve good “S” in ESG scores, they need to think about their real estate in different ways.

Practical implications

The implications are that if companies want to achieve good “S” in ESG scores, they need to think about their real estate in different ways.

Social implications

People should understand that there are inherent barriers to success built into the system, and value their employer's efforts to ameliorate them accordingly.

Originality/value

To my knowledge, no one has approached this issue in this way before. The focus is typically micro, and while there is a lot of research out there focusing on the micro effects or impacts, they are without understanding how the built environment impacts these outcomes.
The impact of national culture in predicting informal learning behaviors
Authors: Lucena Barbosa Flávia , Borges-Andrade Jairo Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of Hofstede’s six national cultural dimensions on informal learning behaviors (ILBs) and how they moderate the prediction of these behaviors by workplace interaction (WI), autonomy (WA) and readiness to learn (RtL).

Design/methodology/approach

Cultural scores were extracted from The Culture Factor Group in 2023. Data on ILBs and their antecedents were selected from a Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies sample of 59,103 workers – 33 Countries. The authors applied hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze data.

Findings

None of those cultural dimensions had significant direct relationships with ILBs. The moderations were significant for power distance (ILBs with WA and RtL), individualism (ILBs with WI) and motivation toward achievement and success (ILBs with WA).

Research limitations/implications

The cultural dimensions were limited to Hofstede’s model, and scores at the country level did not consider individual perceptions of them. The results provide empirical evidence for solid theoretical development on the impact of national culture on informal learning and the development of public policies to promote it.

Originality/value

The authors are unaware of other studies that have quantitatively investigated relationships between ILBs and their antecedents and the cultural dimensions using HLM. Findings from different countries allow for better generalization and may provide directions for research and the expansion of the nomological network on the impact of national culture on ILBs.
Neither Healthy nor Safe: Insufficient Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety for Migrant Farmworkers in Europe
Authors: Castillo‐Rojas‐Marcos Juan , Molinero‐Gerbeau Yoan
Published: July 2024

Occupational safety and health (OSH) began to be regulated at the EU level with the OSH Framework Directive in 1989. Since then, many other legal acts and policies have followed, enriching the complex European set of legal tools and protections on work‐related health and safety. However, they all share the same approach: only eventualities happening to workers in the workplace, during working hours and/or caused by their work tasks can potentially be designated as an OSH impact; andtherefore be legally problematised and tackled. This paper argues that such an approach is insufficient for a sector like European agriculture, whose workforce is increasingly composed of migrant labourers. As scientific evidence reveals, migrant farmworkers face another whole set of severe health and safety risks directly linked to their jobs, which nonetheless would not fit in the traditional definition of OSH. From deficient and substandard accommodation to isolation and lack of access to vital services, these people's jobs potientially expose them to potent health stressors. The sector urgently needs a new and more ambitious conception of OSH to develop legislation and/or policies adapted to the needs of all its workers, including migrants.
Digital nature: Unveiling the impact and safety of FlowVR group intervention for depression in a feasibility trial
Authors: Miegel Franziska , Lohse Luzie , Jelinek Lena , Scheunemann Jakob , Gabbert Tana , Schauenburg Gesche , Bittner Lukas , Mostajeran Fariba , Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen , Yassari Amir
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study addresses the limitations of existing interventions for depression, such as a deficit‐oriented focus, overlooking the utilization of positive elements such as nature, and neglecting the incorporation of group effects. The present feasibility study examines FlowVR, a resource‐oriented, nature‐inspired virtual reality (VR)‐based group therapy. Previously tested individually in a pilot study for non‐clinical participants, FlowVR has demonstrated positive effects on depressive symptoms. This study assesses the impact and safety of FlowVR in a group setting within a clinical sample using a one‐armed study design.

Method

Forty‐two inpatients and day patients with depression were recruited. Before and after the FlowVR intervention period of 4 weeks (two sessions per week), depressive symptoms were assessed (Beck Depression Inventory‐II; BDI). Symptomatology (i.e., depressive symptoms), depression‐associated variables (i.e., self‐efficacy), intervention‐specific variables (feeling of flow), and VR‐specific variables (simulator sickness) were assessed before and after each session.

Results

Linear mixed effect models showed that symptomatology (depression, negative affect, current anxiety), depression‐associated constructs (self‐efficacy, motivation), and intervention‐specific variables (flow) improved over the course of the sessions. No variable deteriorated more in one session compared to any other session. The lasso regression identified five potential predictors for the change in depression (BDI‐II), yet these could not be validated in a subsequent linear regression analysis.

Conclusion

To conclude, FlowVR had the hypothesized positive impact over the course of the sessions, showing, for example, improvements in symptomatology. The sessions have demonstrated safety with no notable deteriorations. Therefore, FlowVR is deemed safe for clinical patients and group settings. However, further research is needed to explore predictors for the change in depression.
Positive and negative extended contact and contact intentions towards sexual minorities in China: The mediational role of perceived group norms, intergroup anxiety and intergroup trust
Authors: Wang Changcheng , Cocco Veronica Margherita , Lucarini Alice , Vezzali Loris
Published: July 2024

The present study (N = 1019, 51% females) explores the role of positive and negative extended contact as predictors of willingness for future cross‐group interactions in the context of the relationship between heterosexuals and sexual minorities in China. Results revealed that positive extended contact was more prevalent and more strongly associated with contact intentions than negative extended contact. Central to our hypotheses, both positive and negative extended contact were indirectly associated with higher or lower contact intentions, respectively, via the sequential mediation of perceived group norms, intergroup anxiety and intergroup trust. These findings deepen our understanding of how to foster the willingness to engage in contact with members of sexual minorities.
Anti‐TNF therapy impairs both short‐ and long‐term IgG responses after repeated vaccination
Authors: Buhre Jana Sophia , Pongracz Tamas , Geisen Ulf Martin , Schubert Mareike , Wang Wenjun , Nouta Jan , Obara Maureen , Lehrian Selina , Rahmöller Johann , Petry Janina , Tran Florian , Schreiber Stefan , Sümbül Melike , Berner Dennis , Gerdes Sascha , Schirmer Jan , Longardt Ann Carolin , Hoff Paula , Kalinke Ulrich , Ludwig Ralf J. , Bartsch Yannic C. , Hoyer Bimba F. , Wuhrer Manfred , Ehlers Marc
Published: July 2024

Background

Recently, it has been questioned whether vaccination of patients with inflammatory (auto)immune diseases under anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment leads to impaired vaccine‐induced immune responses and protection against breakthrough infections. However, the effects of TNF blockade on short‐ and long‐term immune responses after repeated vaccination remain unclear. Vaccination studies have shown that initial short‐term IgG antibodies (Abs) carry highly galactosylated and sialylated Fc glycans, whilst long‐term IgG Abs have low levels of galactosylation and sialylation and are most likely generated by long‐lived plasma cells (PCs) derived primarily from the germinal center (GC) response. Thus, IgG Fc glycosylation patterns may be applicable to distinguish short‐ and long‐term vaccine responses after repeated vaccination under the influence of anti‐TNF treatment.

Methods

We used COVID‐19 vaccination as a model to investigate vaccine‐induced IgG subclass levels and Fc glycosylation patterns, B cell subsets, and effector functions of short‐ and long‐term Ab responses after up to three vaccinations in patients on anti‐TNF or other immunosuppressive treatments and in healthy individuals. Using TriNetX, a global healthcare database, we determined the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients treated with anti‐TNF or other immunosuppressive drugs.

Results

Anti‐TNF treatment reduced the long‐term abundance of all anti‐S IgG subclasses with low levels of galactosylation and sialylation. Re‐activation of potential memory B cells initially generated highly galactosylated and sialylated IgG antibodies, which were progressively reduced after each booster dose in anti‐TNF‐treated patients, especially in the elderly. The reduced short‐ and long‐term IgG (1) levels in anti‐TNF‐treated patients correlated with diminished functional activity and an increased risk for the development of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

The data suggest that anti‐TNF treatment reduces both GC‐dependent long‐lived PCs and GC‐dependent memory B cell‐derived short‐lived PCs, hence both the long‐ and short‐term IgG subclass responses, respectively, after repeated vaccination. We propose that anti‐TNF therapy, especially in the elderly, reduces the benefit of booster vaccination.
Splenic abscesses in the new millenium – a systematic review
Authors: Ooi Daniel Quan Hui , Ooi Joshua Quan Chen , Ooi London Lucien Peng Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

Isolated splenic abscesses are rare, but increasingly reported with newer organisms and changes in mechanisms involved. We conducted a comparative review of publications from 1900–1977, 1977–1986, 1987–1995, and 1996–2022.

Methods

A systematic search in Embase and PubMed resulted in 522 publications (1111 cases). Data was tabulated, analysed, and compared.

Results

Patient demographics and symptoms remain unchanged although more Asian patients were reported. Metastatic infections remain the main cause, but COVID‐19‐linked and iatrogenic causes post bariatric surgery and splenic artery embolization are increasingly reported. Aerobic organisms remain the commonest (68%), with a variety of exotic organisms reported. Splenectomy remains the definitive treatment, although antibiotics only and percutaneous aspiration/catheter‐drainage are increasingly used with reasonable outcomes, with salvage splenectomy for therapeutic failures not having significantly higher mortality than upfront splenectomy.

Conclusions

Isolated splenic abscesses continue to be uncommon, with diagnosis requiring a high degree of suspicion. Non‐surgical options for treatment can sometimes be definitive.
Maternal hemoglobin drop in multiple pregnancy is associated with higher gestational age at birth and birthweight
Authors: Townsend Kristin , Maric Tanya , Steer Philip J. , Savvidou Makrina D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This retrospective study investigated the hypothesis that maternal hemoglobin (Hb) levels in twin pregnancy fall between the first and second trimesters and that higher falls are associated with higher gestational age at birth and higher birthweight (BW).

Material and Methods

The study population was defined as pregnant women with twin pregnancies delivering two live, phenotypically normal neonates, after 24+0 weeks of gestation, between October 2009 and September 2021 at an inner London maternity unit. Maternal Hb and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), at ≤14+0 weeks of gestation (Hb1) and again at 20+0–30+0 weeks gestation (Hb2) were recorded from the Hospital's perinatal database. MCV was used as a possible indicator of iron deficiency anemia. The association of Hb drop, defined as [Hb1(adjusted for gestational age) − Hb2], and MCV values with gestational age at birth, BW of both twins and delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, defined as BW <10th percentile for gestation, was evaluated.

Results

923 pregnant women with twin pregnancies were included. Maternal Hb1 did not correlate with any outcomes measured. However, a lower Hb2 and a larger Hb drop was associated with a higher gestational age at birth (p < 0.001), a larger BW of twin 1 and 2 (p < 0.001 for both) and a reduction in the incidence of delivering one or two SGA neonates (p < 0.001 for both). MCV values did not correlate significantly with these outcomes.

Conclusions

This study showed that in twin pregnancy, a larger maternal Hb drop from the first to the second trimester is associated with a higher gestational age at birth and a larger BW. This change may represent a larger plasma volume expansion.
Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home‐based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression
Authors: Leino Abbie D. , Takyi‐Williams John , Park Jeong M. , Norman Silas P. , Sun Duxin , Farris Karen B. , Pai Manjunath P.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples (VAMS) may facilitate home‐based sampling to enhance therapeutic drug monitoring after transplantation. This study aimed to clinically validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay using 2 VAMS devices with different sampling locations (Tasso‐M20 for the upper arm and Mitra for the finger). Patient preferences were also evaluated.

Methods

Clinical validation was performed for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid by comparison of paired VAMS and venipuncture samples using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman analysis. Conversion of mycophenolic acid VAMS to serum concentrations was evaluated using haematocrit‐dependent formulas and fixed correction factors defined a priori. Patients' perspectives, including useability, acceptability and feasibility, were also investigated using established questionnaires.

Results

Paired samples (n = 50) were collected from 25 kidney transplant recipients. Differences for tacrolimus whole‐blood concentration were within ±20% for 86 and 88% of samples from the upper arm and fingerstick, respectively. Using correction factors of 1.3 for the upper‐arm and 1.47 for finger‐prick samples, 84 and 76% of the paired samples, respectively, were within ±20% for mycophenolic acid serum concentration. Patient experience surveys demonstrated limited pain and acceptable useability of the upper‐arm device.

Conclusions

Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid can be measured using 2 common VAMS devices with similar analytical performance. Patients are supportive of home‐based monitoring with a preference for the Tasso‐M20 device.
Electroacupuncture activates the peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor pathway to improve the phenotype of cerebral palsy
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Feng , Peng Hong‐Hao , Shu Yun , Zhang Li , Zhang Si , Zhang Jing‐Yang , Li Si‐jie , Fan Qiong‐Li , Wei Yun , Ming Li , Tong Jing‐Jing , Zhang Yu‐Ping
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study explores the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating cerebral palsy (CP) in Sprague–Dawley (SD) pups, specifically CP animal models, and its molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Gait analysis and Y‐maze were used to detect the improvement of motor ability and cognitive function of CP rats after EA treatment. Transcription sequencing was used to determine the key pathway for EA to improve the symptoms of CP. PPAR agonists were used to verify the causal relationship between the pathway and the improvement of CP phenotype.

Results

The motor ability and cognitive function of CP pups were improved after EA treatment. The results of transcriptome sequencing suggest that the improvement of CP phenotype may be caused by the activation of PPAR pathway. PPAR pathway is widely activated in the epithelium of CP pups treated with EA, which is verified by qPCR. Rosiglitazone (Ros), a PPAR agonist, can improve CP phenotype while activating PPAR pathway, which proves the causal relationship between PPAR pathway activation and CP phenotype improvement.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated behavioral improvements and enhanced cognitive functions in CP models after EA treatment by activating PPAR pathway, suggesting new perspectives for CP rehabilitation, and providing theoretical support for acupuncture treatment of CP.