bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miniature directional coupler with different dielectric parameters
Authors: Quang Hung Luu , Huu Tan Pham , Knyazev Nikolay S.
Published: October 2019

A study aimed at identifying the effect of substrate parameters such as dielectric permittivity and thickness on the characteristics of directional couplers, whose dimensions are reduced by means of compact structures. It was found that with the increase in the thickness of the substrate in a compact coupler increases the frequency band and the degree of miniaturization, and with increasing dielectric constant Vice versa.
Miniature Directional Coupler with Two Operating Frequency Bands
Authors: Khac Khiem Nguyen , Quang Hung Luu
Published: October 2019

The design of the directional coupler with reduced physical dimensions, using compact structures. The proposed coupler operates at two Central frequencies, 900 and 1900 MHz. The use of compact structures instead of quarter-wave segments made it possible to reduce the standard coupler by 67%, with minor performance degradation.
Natural Light Property-Based LED Lighting System to Maintain Human Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Jeon Geon-Woo , Seung-Taek Oh , Lim Jae-Hyun
Published: October 2019

The cyclic properties of natural light give an effect on human health, and the intensity and wavelength of natural light are known to be important factors to maintain human circadian rhythm. However, modern people who stay longer indoors are exposed to the fixed light environment of artificial lighting, resulting in circadian rhythm imbalance and subsequent sleep disturbances. In this paper, a LED lighting system that reproduces the natural light properties with day cycle is proposed to support the human circadian rhythm. To do this, the properties of natural light that keep changing were measured and analyzed every hour, and then the color temperature and wavelength ratio of natural light over time were reproduced by controlling each channel of LED lighting. In order to confirm the effect of the proposed lighting that supports maintaining a circadian rhythm, a confirmation experiment of melatonin change in the animal body was performed. The experimental results showed that the rats irradiated with the proposed lighting had an increased melatonin level by more than around 20ng/ml compared to the rats irradiated with the general lighting, thus confirming that the proposed lighting had a positive effect on sustaining the circadian rhythm.
Analysis of Orbital Movement Lunar Orbital Station
Authors: Chongrui Du , Koryanov Vsevolod V. , Danhe Chen
Published: October 2019

Represents the new project “Deep Space Gateway (DSG)” - an orbital station in the vicinity of the Moon [1]. The DSG can be used as a staging post for exploration missions to the lunar surface and eventually to other deep space destinations including Mars. It is also a platform in a location where the human and technological challenges of long duration human missions in deep space can be investigated and addressed [2]. A DSG may be placed farther from the Moon in halo orbit relative to its position on the line of the Moon-Earth, known as the L2 Lagrange point. One of the modern orbits of interest as a destination for a spacecraft in cis-lunar space is the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHO) [4]. This work is devoted to the study of issues related to the orbital movement DSG, to understand which orbit will be optimal.
Stabilizing Attitude Control For Mobility Of Wing In Ground (WIG) Craft - A Review
Authors: Matdaud Z. , Zhahir A. , Pua’at Afifi. A , Hassan Aziz , Ahmad M.T.
Published: October 2019

Wing in ground crafts development have been rapidly advancing in recent years. The current paper reviews the researches and developments of existing stability control system technology’s development and enhancement for wing in ground effect crafts. The review is critically intended for the development of the control system for two-seater Dragonfly 2, a hoverwing type craft. The current review will commence with the introduction on the theory behind the in ground effect phenomenon on the crafts, its regulations and the types of wing in ground crafts, their advantages and disadvantages, and their stability and control issues. This paper also discusses the available attitude control sys-tem types of wing-in-ground craft (WIG), its experiments, simulations and computational methods done especially on both the lon-gitudinal and lateral motion stability.
Numerical Optimization of Rectangular Mufflers with Multi-channel Splitters Using the Simulated Annealing Method
Authors: Cheng Ho-Chih , Chiu Min-Chie
Published: October 2019

Rectangular mufflers internally hybridized with splitters have been extensively applied in industrial noise abatement. However, there has been a palpable lack of academic work directed toward space-constrained mufflers conjugated with multi-channel splitters that disperse venting fluid and reduce secondary noise. That being so, an analysis of the Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of rectangular mufflers internally hybridized with multiple parallel splitters that are optimally designed to perform within a limited space will be considered, here. By using an acoustical lumped method, a four-pole system matrix for evaluating the acoustic performance (STL) emerges. During the optimization process, the simulated annealing (SA) method, which is a robust scheme utilized to search for the global optimum by imitating a physical annealing process, is used. Before dealing with a broadband noise, the STL’s maximization relative to a one-tone noise (250Hz) is offered to confirm the SA method’s reliability. Moreover, the mathematical model is also checked for accuracy. To appreciate the influence of acoustical efficiency with respect to the design parameters, the sensitivity analysis of six design parameters (dh: the diameter of a perforated hole; W: the width of air channel; R: acoustic flow resistivity of the acoustic fiber; σ : the porosity of the perforated plate; Df: the thickness of the acoustic fiber; L1: the horizontal length of the splitter) is performed. Subsequently, to bring into focus the acoustical interaction with respect to the number of air-channels (between the splitters), three types of mufflers (mufflers A∼C) hybridized with one, two, and four air-channels (with parallel splitters) have been surveyed. Results divulge that for a rectangular muffler internally conjugated with a one-channel splitter, the maximal STL is located at the desired tone. The acoustical performance of a rectangular muffler will increase and the induced back pressure will decrease simultaneously if the number of the splitters internally conjugated within the rectangular muffler increases. Consequently, optimally designed rectangular mufflers with multiple parallel splitters that avoid secondary noise induced by high speed flow while simultaneously maximizing acoustical performance within a constrained space are preferable.
A High Reliability 3D Object Tracking Method for Robot Teaching Application
Authors: Chen Yan-Chun , Weng Wei-Chan , Lin Shi-Wei
Published: October 2019

3D Object tracking is the task of capturing the 3D position and pose of an object from each time-series image frame. As we known, 3D sensing technique can be realized by stereo vision, structured light, and ToF (time-of-flight) camera. All of them can capture the point cloud data for describing the depth information in a workspace. In past research, the reliability in 3D object tracking was a big problem for real industrial application, therefore, we address a different way to enhance the tracking accuracy and stabilize the tracing path for raising the reliability. In order to build a 3D tracking model and the workspace environment, we adopted an RGB-D camera which is the Intel® RealSense™ D400 Series depth modules to collect the cloud point data and RGB values. The built 3D tracking model should contains the information which includes points, normal and texture for producing many 2D object images with different perspectives. Then the produced images were fed to a SSD (single-shot detector) neural network to learn the object’s features for 2D tracking. In dynamic tracking process, the image frames were through the sematic image segmentation by DeepLabV3+ for only extracting the object information without hands and background. Thus, the reserved data only included object’s cloud point data and texture information in workspace. Then we use the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and the RGB intensity correlation method to confirm the object’s position and posture in workspace. The result shows that our method has a better performance than SSD method for tracking a self-predefined object.
Design of Adjustable Switching Power Supply with Current Type Single-Ended Flyback Output
Authors: Huang Chia-Wei , Du Jun-Yu , Hsu Wei-Tai
Published: October 2019

This study is based on the UC3845 controller, designed a flyback switching power supply, which has a wide input voltage range, high output voltage accuracy, and high load regulation. According to the characteristics of flyback switching power supply and UC3845, adding filter circuit, a feedback circuit, protection circuit, etc., develop a single-ended flyback switching power supply with adjustable output, stable and reliable, and high efficiency. According to the simulation results, it can be seen that the designed switching power supply has high output voltage accuracy, and the input voltage in the range of 200V∼240V, the accuracy of the output voltage is kept within 1.3%; the voltage adjustment is less than 1%, The output ripple factor is kept below 0.09%, and the output voltage is adjustable.
The Optimization Wire Drawing Die Design for Aluminum A1050 and A1070
Authors: Sheu Jinn-Jong , Wang Bao-Shan
Published: October 2019

Wire drawing is a common used process to reduce the diameter of a small rod or a wire. The parameters of drawing die design such as die angle, bearing length, entrance fillet, and the drawing ratio of each pass are crucial to control the quality of a drawn wire. Taguchi method was adopted to optimize the drawing die geometry design. The lubrication conditions were taken into consideration to observe the effect of friction on the dimension accuracy of the drawn wires. The optimum combination of the drawing die design using 20% of reduction ratio is semi die angle 9 degrees, bearing length 1.2mm and entrance fillet 0.4mm. Two types of aluminum alloy 1070 and 1050 were tested using lubricants sodium sulfide (Na2S), graphite, and drawing oil, respectively. The lubrication effect of sodium sulfide is the best to achieve the lowest drawing load. The lubricant Na2S had the best performance in terms of lowest maximum drawing force for both of A1050 and A1070. The final diameters of the drawn wires were very close to the specification 4.0 mm. The CAE simulations were able to find the optimum design of die. The designed drawing machine was capable of carrying out the experiments and obtains consistent results.
Application of the zero thickness interface element approach to the upper bound limit analysis of shallow tunnel excavation
Authors: Lee Y L
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to apply the zero thickness element approach to investigate the upper bound value of limit analysis with the different failure mechanism of a shallow tunnel excavation in soft clay. This interface is modelled as a contact element with zero thickness and with the Coulomb's friction behaviour. The procedure of numerical analysis adopted the zero thickness element particularly developed and installed into the finite element program in the laboratory. A series of finite element analysis is used to investigate the solutions of stability and simulate the soil progressive failure mechanism due to a shallow tunnel excavation. Four geometry of failure mechanism are taken into account the effects of overburden depth and critical collapse ratio. According to the results obtained, the upper bound values between the limit equilibrium analysis and the numerical calculation are theoretically coincidence, and also the progressive failure mechanism of cohesive soil can be practically predicted. The numerical analyses show that the predicted stability ratio is in reasonable agreement with the analytical solutions in the limit analysis.
Finite element numerical simulation analysis based on ultrasonic phased array
Authors: Chen H X , Fan D L , Fang L , Zhang G Y , Cao C H , Huang W J , Huang J M , Yang L
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the ultrasonic phased array technology is used to detect the defects in the welded seam test specimens. Using pulse echo method to detect a specimen with defects and establishing the corresponding numerical model. At the same time, the finite element is used to simulate the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the defective test specimens, and figures of the sound pressure amplitude are obtained. Compared with the theoretical values, the experimental values and the simulated values show good agreement, and the errors are only - 1.37% and 4.11%, respectively. The results show that the ultrasonic phased array with finite element simulation is effective.
Detection and analysis of coherent structures in the near-field of a turbulent annular swirling jet: an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation
Authors: Zhang Y , Vanierschot M
Published: October 2019

This paper analyses the capabilities of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations to predict the coherent structures found in a swirling jet undergoing vortex breakdown. Recently, tomographic particle image velocimetry experiments of an annular swirling jet at a Reynolds number of 8500 at moderate swirl showed the presence of a double helical structure in the flow field (Vanierschot et al., Physical Review Fluids, 2018). This structure corresponds to the double helix vortex breakdown mode and is rarely observed in turbulent flows. In this study, the same flow topology is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Turbulence is modeled using the unsteady RANS methodology with a RNG k-e turbulence model. The coherent structures in the flow field were analysed using the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition technique. Despite the fact that it is known that steady-state RANS simulations using two-equation isotropic turbulence models have problems in accurately describing swirling flows which are highly anisotropic, this study shows that the unsteady variant was able to predict the large scale flow structures and their associated dynamics reasonable well. In particular, similar to the experiments, a double helical structure was found in the flow field. The structure has windings in the counter-swirl direction and it is wrapped around the central breakdown bubble. To the authors knowledge, this study is the first one to show the ability of unsteady RANS to predict not only the presence of the double helix vortex breakdown in the flow field, but also the spatial and temporal structure of it.
Effect of vibration frequency on settlement characteristic of reinforced embankment by geogrid with strengthened nodes using DEM simulation
Authors: Qiu C C , Lin Y L , Ma Y , He M , hong S J
Published: October 2019

Geogrid with strengthened nodes (GSN) is a new reinforcement system that is formed by attaching blocks of a certain thickness to the joints of the longitudinal and transverse ribs of an ordinary biaxial geogrid to form strengthened nodes. A series of discrete element method (DEM) simulations were performed to investigate the dynamic response of GSN-reinforced embankment at various vibration frequencies and compare the reinforcing effect of GSN with that of the ordinary geogrid. It was concluded that the settlement ratio of the loading platen at the top of the unreinforced and reinforced embankment decreases with the increase of the vibration frequency. As the frequency increases, the difference between the settlement ratios decreases, which is especially evident in the reinforced embankment. At the same frequency, GSN performs better in restricting the settlement ratio than the ordinary geogrid, and as the frequency increases, the reinforcing effects of both the ordinary geogrid and GSN decrease. The displacement fields of the simulated embankments were analyzed. It was found that the movement of soil particles below the loading platen is restricted due to the presence of the geogrid, resulting in less settlement of the loading platen and smaller lateral deformation of the embankment slope, compared with the unreinforced embankment. As for the GSN-reinforced embankment, the strengthened nodes provide resistance to soil particles, leading to a more effective reinforcing effect, so that the displacement vectors are even smaller.
Constraint conditional finite element method for off-axial interfacial sliding of fiber reinforced composite
Authors: Kitamura R
Published: October 2019

The main toughening mechanism of Ceramics Matrix Composite (CMC) is the fiber/matrix interfacial debonding and sliding. To simulate of the contact problem (such as interfacial sliding), penalty method etc have been used in general finite element method. But, these method need the repeated calculations, thus the CPU time is long and the accuracy depends on the number of repetitions. On the other hand, in actual CMCs, the fibers are not necessarily oriented along the loading direction, and the fiber diameter also fluctuates along the axis. Therefore, in this study, Constraint Conditional Finite Element Method (CC-FEM) was formulated to analyze the “off-axis interfacial sliding” with high precision and in a short time without repeated calculations. In CC-FEM, the equality of nodal displacements at the interface and the equilibrium of contact forces are assumed as constraint conditions, in which Coulomb's friction law and equivalent friction coefficient were taken into account. In addition, the validity was verified especially for “off-axis interfacial sliding” by comparing with general-purpose finite element software ANSYS. In the both cases of on- and off-axial interfacial sliding, the resultant stress distributions of the fiber and matrix agreed well with those of ANSYS. As compared to the case of on-axial interfacial sliding, the matrix stress recovered more steeply because of the higher equivalent frictional coefficient.
Analysis of boot rail collision resistance in rocket sled test system
Authors: Xiao J , Zhang WW , Xue Q , Gao W B , Zhang L R
Published: October 2019

The shoe-rail resistance to impact of rocket sled was analyzed. Shoe-rail friction resistance was backward calculated with speed, acceleration, weight and gap of shoe-rail. The influencing factor was gain by the continuous contact force model. The relation of shoe-rail resistance to impact with speed, weight and gap of shoe-rail was gained by means of data fitting. Based on the results, the collision resistance coefficient of a new type of sled is calculated. According to the resistance coefficient, the speed of sled is predicted. The predicted results are consistent with the dynamic experimental results.
Derivation of drag calculation model of rocket sled water brake
Authors: Xiao J , Zhang WW , Xue Q , Gao W B , Zhang L R
Published: October 2019

The calculation model of water resistance is derived by using fluid resistance theory. Using the water resistance calculation model, the braking distance calculation model is derived, and the braking distance of the two two-track sled vehicles is estimated. The pre-estimated water resistance, speed, and braking distance of the sled vehicle are in accordance with the actual external measurement results. The correctness of the water resistance calculation model is verified.
Simulation of thermal characteristics of lithium batteries for electric vehicles
Authors: Zhang L W , Yu Y S
Published: October 2019

To study the thermal characteristics of lithium batteries in electric vehicles, a single lithium ion battery under natural convection, forcedair cooling and water cooling conditions were simulated. On this basis, a parallel water-cooling model for battery pack is proposed, and CFD method was used to simulate and analyze the heat characteristics and temperature field distribution of the model at different flow rates, and an optimum flow rate of the cooling water was determined at which the battery pack has the best cooling result and thermal homogeneity corresponding to the given discharge rate.
Influence of bias voltage on structure and mechanical properties of TiCrN-Mo2N-Ni coatings
Authors: Chernogor A V , Blinkov I V , Belov D S , Volkhonskiy A O , Sergevnin V S
Published: October 2019

In this work, the influence of bias voltage on the structure, composition and physical properties of TiCrN-Mo2N-Ni arc Physical Vapor Deposition (arc-PVD) coatings were studied. Multilayer structure formed at all applied bias voltage due to planetary rotation of substrates. Thickness of sublayers range from 1 to 32 nm and defined by the plasma flow intensity from evaporators. Monte-Carlo calculation was used to study structure of prepared coatings. According to calculation and analysis of TEM images, sublayers composed by nitrides mixture. All coating characterized by high hardness, which correlated with residual stress of coatings.
Study on structural failure mechanism of explosive separation device based on the damage constitutive model
Authors: Wang J M , Zhang F , Qin Y L , Hong Y , Jin J F
Published: October 2019

The explosion separation device is the critical factor to ensure the effective separation of the payload and the launch vehicle. The rationality of the structural strength is usually assessed by the real explosion separation test. The separation of components in the deformation and damage is difficult to be obtained. The traditional method, based on the elasto-plastic constitutive, is also unable to simulate the damage of each component in the separation. The traditional strength check can be calculated by the elasto-plastic constitutive relation for large deformation, while the damage simulation can only be obtained by the progressive damage fracture. The metal material dynamic damage constitutive is applied based on the ABAQUES to simulate the damage and failure of the explosion separation. Then the finite element model of the explosion separation device can be established based on the elasto-plastic damage constitutive model, and the process of the ground test of the explosive separation device can be reproduced by the simulation of the corresponding FEM model. And then the weakness of the explosive separation device is finally determined by the calculation results. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation, which confirms the accuracy of the proposed method. The solution idea provides a reference basis for the product design and dynamic damage simulation.
Air compressor fault diagnosis based on lifting wavelet transform and probabilistic neural network
Authors: Yang W S , Su Y X , Chen Y P
Published: October 2019

Due to the wide variety of faults, the components of air compressor fault condition vibration signal are complex. Fault features extracted by conventional time-frequency analysis and multi-resolution analysis are not comprehensive enough to reflect the fault condition of air compressor. To overcome this deficiency, this paper proposes an air compressor fault diagnosis algorithm based on lifting wavelet. Firstly, the vibration signal of the air compressor is decomposed by lifting wavelet; then the statistic such as the peak value and Kurtosis of the decomposition layer is calculated as the fault features. Finally, Probabilistic Neural Network is utilized to classify the fault state. In the experiment, the fault extraction methods such as Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Continuous Wavelet Transform are compared. The results indicate that the fault features extracted by lifting wavelet are more comprehensively to reflect the fault condition of air compressor while other fault character extraction methods need more fault characteristics; the fault diagnosis accuracy by utilizing proposed method is high and the training time is short, which is more suitable for the online fault diagnosis of the actual air compressor.
Numerical simulation study on the effect of different mass flanges on strain growth of cylindrical shell
Authors: Han Y M , Gu W B , Hu Y H , Liu J Q , Wang Z
Published: October 2019

LS-DYNA software was used to establish the three-dimensional finite element simulation calculation model of cylindrical shell, and the effect of different mass flanges on the strain growth within the elastic response range of shell was analyzed and compared. The research found that: when the flange mass was changed, the radial and circumferential strain first peak value of shell basically did not change, while the axial first peak value changed greatly. The variation trend of strain growth response in radial direction and axial direction is basically the same, but the influence of axial strain growth is larger. Compared with the larger mass flange, the smaller mass flange may cause larger strain growth of the shell. Different flange mass only affects the time of strain growth and different frequency parts of excitation strain response, but hardly affects the appearance time of the "dangerous time domain". The longer the dangerous time domain is, the smaller the strain growth factor is.
Numerical study on the ideal interference of aircraft riveting joints
Authors: Sun S
Published: October 2019

The interference is the main parameter affecting the fatigue lifetime of the interference-fit joints. In this paper, the numerical simulation method of the interference-fit riveting process was studied for the object of the aluminium alloy joint commonly used in aircraft. On this basis, the influence of different interferences on the joint life was calculated and determined, which can provide a basis for determining the ideal riveting interference. The numerical simulation results show that the model built in this paper can well describe the whole forming process of the rivet including the overall upsetting and local upsetting. With the increase of the interference, the fatigue lifetime of the joint increases first and then decreases. For the joint structure given in this paper, when the interference is between 2.9% and 3.23%, a higher life increment can be obtained, which is basically consistent with the ideal interference obtained by experiments.
Effects of herringbone grooves on aerodynamic journal bearings based on finite element method
Authors: Gao S Y , Yang S , Shi Y G , Sun P , Chen H
Published: October 2019

Aerodynamic journal bearings are commonly used in high speed machines, which have weaknesses of low steady-state performance specifications. It is of great significance to study the effects of herringbone grooves on the characteristics of aerodynamic journal bearings. This paper investigates effects of herringbone grooves on functions of aerodynamic journal bearings by numerically solving the Reynolds equation based on improved finite element method. The obtained results show that the herringbone grooved aerodynamic journal bearings have a critical speed and they should run at a speed of greater than the critical speed. Ultra-high speeds and low eccentricity ratios are the suitable working conditions of the herringbone grooved aerodynamic journal bearings. The performance of aerodynamic journal bearings is enhanced with advancing groove numbers, and an optimal groove depth is existed with respect to the herringbone grooved aerodynamic journal bearing.
2. Explaining the lack of empathy
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

A marked lack of empathy is one of the hallmarks of psychopathy. Psychopaths do not have the same capacity for human feeling as the rest of us; they do not appear moved by the things that usually deeply affect others, such as seeing fellow human beings suffer or in distress. And this is perhaps why they do not experience genuine remorse for the hurt and misfortune that they inflict. ‘Explaining the lack of empathy’ discusses some of the tasks that researchers use when they try to understand why adult psychopaths or children at risk of developing psychopathy lack empathy. Findings from this research give us possible explanations for the uncaring and antisocial behaviour of these individuals.
5. What to do with a psychopath?
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

‘What to do with a psychopath?’ outlines some pertinent questions and the evidence regarding treatment and prevention of psychopathy. Is it possible to treat adults with psychopathy or prevent psychopathy from developing? We do not currently know to what extent it is possible to change particular psychopathic traits and cognitions. Is it perhaps more realistic to find another way of ensuring that individuals with psychopathy behave in ways that do not violate the rights of others, even if they cannot be made to feel true empathy? And, should we concentrate more effort on prevention and intervention work in childhood and adolescence? Areas for future research are discussed.
3. Women and dynastic power
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

Dynasties took shape in very different ways, yet they all viewed government first and foremost as a male prerogative. Only rarely did women preside over the council and lead armies into war. No lasting examples of matriarchy can be found in the annals of dynastic history, but queens did rule. These queens-regnant were weighed down not only by the substantial burdens of kingship: they were wedged in by the tensions between their gender role and the requirements of power holding. While queens-regnant remained the exception, powerful women were almost always present around the throne. ‘Women and dynastic power’ asks where, when, and why women rose to power, and examines the roles that women have played in dynasties around the world as queens-regnant, queen-mothers, spouses, mistresses, and concubines.
6. The dynastic impulse in the modern world
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

The turbulent decades around 1800 did not spell the end of dynasty, but they carried the message that alternative forms of power might in the long run gain ascendancy. While royal legitimacy was now openly contested, republics remained the exception until 1918. ‘The dynastic impulse in the modern world’ considers the breakdown of empires that led to the creation of new states, many of them monarchies. It shows how modern autocrats mimic forms of dynastic representation, promoting their families, and designating their own successors. Finally, it highlights the remarkable continuities of dynastic practice in ‘political families’ and family businesses around the world.
Sex, drugs, and rock ‘n’ roll
Authors: Nanay Bence
Published: October 2019

The experiences that would count as aesthetic in some sense are very diverse, and it is challenging to find something they have in common. ‘Sex, drugs, and rock ‘n’ roll’ considers four influential accounts of aesthetics—focusing on beauty, pleasure, emotion, and ‘valuing for its own sake’—to see just how difficult it is to keep the aesthetic and the non-aesthetic apart. These accounts contain some really important pointers to how we should and how we should not think about the domain of aesthetics. It is then argued that these accounts all point in the same direction, namely, that what is special about aesthetics is the way we exercise our attention in aesthetic experiences.
Aesthetics and the self
Authors: Nanay Bence
Published: October 2019

‘Aesthetics and the self’ explains how we take our aesthetic preferences to be a big part of who we are, but how these preferences change surprisingly quickly and often without us noticing. It compares aesthetic engagement or experience to aesthetic judgements. Making judgements is rarely rewarding, entertaining, or pleasurable. Experiences, on the other hand, can be. But why are aestheticians obsessed with aesthetic judgements? The key concept of ‘Western’ aesthetics has always been that of aesthetic judgement, whereas the vast majority of non-Western aesthetic traditions are not too concerned with aesthetic judgements at all, but with the way our emotions unfold, the way our perception is altered, and the way aesthetic engagement interacts with social engagement.
RNAactDrug: a comprehensive database of RNAs associated with drug sensitivity from multi-omics data
Authors: Dong Qun , Li Feng , Xu Yanjun , Xiao Jing , Xu Yingqi , Shang Desi , Zhang Chunlong , Yang Haixiu , Tian Zihan , Mi Kai , Li Xia , Zhang Yunpeng
Published: October 2019

Drug sensitivity has always been at the core of individualized cancer chemotherapy. However, we have been overwhelmed by large-scale pharmacogenomic data in the era of next-generation sequencing technology, which makes it increasingly challenging for researchers, especially those without bioinformatic experience, to perform data integration, exploration and analysis. To bridge this gap, we developed RNAactDrug, a comprehensive database of RNAs associated with drug sensitivity from multi-omics data, which allows users to explore drug sensitivity and RNA molecule associations directly. It provides association data between drug sensitivity and RNA molecules including mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) at four molecular levels (expression, copy number variation, mutation and methylation) from integrated analysis of three large-scale pharmacogenomic databases (GDSC, CellMiner and CCLE). RNAactDrug currently stores more than 4 924 200 associations of RNA molecules and drug sensitivity at four molecular levels covering more than 19 770 mRNAs, 11 119 lncRNAs, 438 miRNAs and 4155 drugs. A user-friendly interface enriched with various browsing sections augmented with advance search facility for querying the database is offered for users retrieving. RNAactDrug provides a comprehensive resource for RNA molecules acting in drug sensitivity, and it could be used to prioritize drug sensitivity–related RNA molecules, further promoting the identification of clinically actionable biomarkers in drug sensitivity and drug development more cost-efficiently by making this knowledge accessible to both basic researchers and clinical practitioners.

Database URL: http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/RNAactDrug.
At the end of the line: on kairological history
Authors: Holmes Brooke
Published: October 2019

This essay examines, from a position within Classics, different angles on critiques of historicism and the turn to anachronism in History, Art History, Medieval Studies, and Queer Theory before proposing the idea of ‘kairological history’, on the model of the artist Paul Chan’s ‘kairological art’. On this analysis, ‘kairological history’ engages the critical and creative resources of anachronic thinking alongside tools of historicism (e.g. empiricism, successionism, periodization, alterity) in making choices about ‘telling time’. These choices reflect a critical understanding of how temporality shapes the valuation of the past, particularly in relation to a ‘classical’ past; the negotiation of identity and difference between past and present; and the kinds of communities that history aims to support. The second half of the essay examines two instances of anachronism within the history of anatomy, one from Galen and one from the early twenty-first century. Both cases represent problems that historicism can correct. But the modality of correction, in itself, is anaemic and risks the very teleology that linear history is so often faulted for. The essay therefore explores what gets lost and what gets found when temporality is aligned with linearity, as well as non-linear modes of telling time.
The Hidden Cost of Flexibility: A Factorial Survey Experiment on Job Promotion
Authors: Fernandez-Lozano Irina , González M José , Jurado-Guerrero Teresa , Martínez-Pastor Juan-Ignacio
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the role of gender, parenthood, and work flexibility measures and the mediating role of stereotypes on the likelihood of achieving an internal promotion in Spain. We hypothesize that employers favour fathers over mothers and disfavour flexible workers (flexibility stigma) because they are perceived, respectively, as less competent and less committed. We also hypothesize that employers reflect their gender values in the selection process. These hypotheses are tested using data from a survey experiment in which 71 supervisors from private companies evaluate 426 short vignettes describing six different candidates for promotion into positions that require decision-making and team supervision skills. Several candidate characteristics are experimentally manipulated, while others such as skills and experience in the company are kept constant to minimize the risk of statistical discrimination. Contrary to our expectations, fathers are not preferred in promotion, as they are not perceived as being more competent than mothers. However, we find that flexibility leads to lower promotion scores, partly due to its association with a lack of commitment. Although the statutory right to reduce working hours for care reasons seems a major social achievement, this experiment shows that mothers may be indirectly penalized, as they are the main users of this policy.
Black–White Disparities in Moves to Assisted Living and Nursing Homes Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jenkins Morales Meghan , Robert Stephanie A
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Investigate black-white disparities in older adults’ moves to assisted living and nursing homes and draw from the Andersen Healthcare Utilization Model to test explanations for any disparities.

Methods

Data are from a nationally representative sample of older community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries from the 2015 (N = 5,212) National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). We use stepwise multinomial logistic regression to examine black-white disparities in moves out of community housing to assisted living or a nursing home over 2 years, before and after adjusting for predisposing (age, gender), enabling (income, housing tenure, Medicaid, living arrangement) and need (activities of daily living [ADL] limitation, physical capacity, self-rated health, and dementia) factors.

Results

Black older adults are less likely to move to assisted living and are more likely to move to a nursing home compared to white older adults. Black-white disparities in moves to nursing homes are explained by black-white differences in enabling and need factors, whereas black-white disparities in moves to assisted living remain even after adjusting for enabling and need factors.

Discussion

Unmeasured factors related to systemic racism (e.g., residential racial segregation, racial discrimination) and/or black-white differences in care preferences might further explain black-white disparities in moves to assisted living and warrant further investigation.
Strategic technology adoption and entry deterrence in broadband
Authors: Skiti Tedi
Published: October 2019

In this article, we examine the role of strategic investment in the US broadband industry. In particular, we provide evidence that cable incumbents adjust their investment strategy in response to fiber entry threat and that these deterrence strategies have been successful particularly in intermediate sized markets. We compile data on broadband deployment and exogenous franchise agreements for potential fiber entrants at the most local level in New York State. The results indicate that strategic cable investment may negatively affect optical fiber diffusion.
Educational note: types of causes
Authors: Pearce Neil , Vandenbroucke Jan P
Published: October 2019

We explore the different types of causes that are commonly investigated by epidemiologists. We first distinguish between causes which are events (including actions) and causes which are states. Second, we distinguish between modifiable and non-modifiable states. This yields three types of causes: fixed states (non-modifiable), dynamic states (modifiable) and events (including actions). Different causes may have different characteristics: the methods available to study them, the types of possible biases, and therefore the types of evidence needed to infer causality, may differ according to the specific cause-effect relationship under study. Nevertheless, there are also substantial commonalities. This paper is intended to improve understanding of the different types of causes, and the different types of causality, that underpin epidemiological practice.
Fundamental two-forms for isomonodromic deformations
Authors: Yamakawa Daisuke
Published: October 2019

We give a simple explicit description of the fundamental two-forms for the isomonodromic deformations of unramified compatibly framed meromorphic connections on the Riemann sphere with arbitrary complex reductive structure group and calculate their Hamiltonians.
Development and Validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS)
Authors: Enlow Paul T , Wasserman Rachel , Aroian Karen , Lee Joyce , Wysocki Tim , Pierce Jessica
Published: October 2019

Objective

This article extends work on a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment and describes the: (a) development and (b) validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS), a broad measure of caregiver adjustment.

Methods

Participants were caregivers (nstudy1 = 51; nstudy2 = 177) of very young children (<6 years old) with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). In study 1, researchers and stakeholders collaborated to develop 92 items using the 5 domains of a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment to the challenges of raising a very young child with T1D, and parents and researchers provided feedback on these items. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to examine the factor structure of the PP-DAS. Reliability and validity were also examined.

Results

After review by parents and researchers, 52 items were removed resulting in the 40-item version used in study 2. The CFA demonstrated poor fit with the five proposed domains of the social-ecological model, so an EFA was conducted and supported a different five-factor solution. Twenty items were removed due to low factor loadings or communalities, resulting in a final 20-item measure. The PP-DAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α’s = .73–.84), convergent validity with parent psychological functioning and self-efficacy in T1D management, and criterion validity with hemoglobin A1c and adherence.

Conclusions

The PP-DAS is a valid and reliable measure of adjustment in caregivers of very young children with T1D. The PP-DAS may help identify caregivers who are having adjustment difficulties and would benefit from additional support.
HLA Heterozygote Advantage against HIV-1 Is Driven by Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in HLA Allele-Specific Peptide Presentation
Authors: Arora Jatin , Pierini Federica , McLaren Paul J , Carrington Mary , Fellay Jacques , Lenz Tobias L
Published: October 2019

Pathogen-mediated balancing selection is regarded as a key driver of host immunogenetic diversity. A hallmark for balancing selection in humans is the heterozygote advantage at genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), resulting in improved HIV-1 control. However, the actual mechanism of the observed heterozygote advantage is still elusive. HLA heterozygotes may present a broader array of antigenic viral peptides to immune cells, possibly resulting in a more efficient cytotoxic T-cell response. Alternatively, heterozygosity may simply increase the chance to carry the most protective HLA alleles, as individual HLA alleles are known to differ substantially in their association with HIV-1 control. Here, we used data from 6,311 HIV-1-infected individuals to explore the relative contribution of quantitative and qualitative aspects of peptide presentation in HLA heterozygote advantage against HIV. Screening the entire HIV-1 proteome, we observed that heterozygous individuals exhibited a broader array of HIV-1 peptides presented by their HLA class I alleles. In addition, viral load was negatively correlated with the breadth of the HIV-1 peptide repertoire bound by an individual’s HLA variants, particularly at HLA-B. This suggests that heterozygote advantage at HLA-B is at least in part mediated by quantitative peptide presentation. We also observed higher HIV-1 sequence diversity among HLA-B heterozygous individuals, suggesting stronger evolutionary pressure from HLA heterozygosity. However, HLA heterozygotes were also more likely to carry certain HLA alleles, including the highly protective HLA-B*57:01 variant, indicating that HLA heterozygote advantage ultimately results from a combination of quantitative and qualitative effects in antigen presentation.
Frameless ROSA® Robot-Assisted Lead Implantation for Deep Brain Stimulation: Technique and Accuracy
Authors: Liu Lannie , Mariani Sarah Giulia , De Schlichting Emmanuel , Grand Sylvie , Lefranc Michel , Seigneuret Eric , Chabardès Stéphan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Frameless robotic-assisted surgery is an innovative technique for deep brain stimulation (DBS) that has not been assessed in a large cohort of patients.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate accuracy of DBS lead placement using the ROSA® robot (Zimmer Biomet) and a frameless registration.

METHODS

All patients undergoing DBS surgery in our institution between 2012 and 2016 were prospectively included in an open label single-center study. Accuracy was evaluated by measuring the radial error (RE) of the first stylet implanted on each side and the RE of the final lead position at the target level. RE was measured on intraoperative telemetric X-rays (group 1), on intraoperative O-Arm® (Medtronic) computed tomography (CT) scans (group 2), and on postoperative CT scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in both groups.

RESULTS

Of 144 consecutive patients, 119 were eligible for final analysis (123 DBS; 186 stylets; 192 leads). In group 1 (76 patients), the mean RE of the stylet was 0.57 ± 0.02 mm, 0.72 ± 0.03 mm for DBS lead measured intraoperatively, and 0.88 ± 0.04 mm for DBS lead measured postoperatively on CT scans. In group 2 (43 patients), the mean RE of the stylet was 0.68 ± 0.05 mm, 0.75 ± 0.04 mm for DBS lead measured intraoperatively; 0.86 ± 0.05 mm and 1.10 ± 0.08 mm for lead measured postoperatively on CT scans and on MRI, respectively No statistical difference regarding the RE of the final lead position was found between the different intraoperative imaging modalities and postoperative CT scans in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Frameless ROSA® robot-assisted technique for DBS reached submillimeter accuracy. Intraoperative CT scans appeared to be reliable and sufficient to evaluate the final lead position.
Demotivating Reasons Impartiality
Authors: Pittard John
Published: October 2019

This chapter critiques two arguments for a reasons impartiality constraint. Christensen’s “restaurant argument” presents a case of disagreement where it is intuitively clear that the disputants cannot legitimately rely on their contested reasoning and that they should give equal weight to their competing views. Christensen argues that to explain these verdicts, one must appeal to a demanding epistemic impartiality requirement he calls “independence.” Against this, it is argued that the intuitive verdicts in the example can be explained by weaker principles, including an internal reason constraint and an agent impartiality constraint. Schellenberg’s “doxastic minimalism argument” holds that genuine investigators will extend default trust to all and only those doxastic practices that are universal and humanly unavoidable. It is argued that Schellenberg relies on an overly restrictive conception of the aims of inquiry, and that even given this conception, his criteria of universality and unavoidability lack a principled basis.