bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XIX. A Second Letter on the Court of Star Chamber, addressed by John Bruce, Esq. F.S.A. to Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.R.S. Treasurer
Authors: Bruce John
Published: June 2012

The letter which I some time since did myself the honour to address to you, upon the subject of the Court of Star Chamber, contains a sketch of the history of the judicial authority of the Consilium Regis down to the reign of Henry VI., during whose minority there occurred something like a parliamentary acquiescence in the interference of the Council in all causes, in which there appeared to be too great might on the one side and “unmight” on the other, or in which there existed other reasonable cause for the withdrawal of the dispute from the ordinary tribunals. I shall now trace the subsequent history of this celebrated Court, commenting, as I proceed, upon some of the cases which came under its notice.
XXI. Observations on the Coffin-Plate and History of Gunilda, sister of the Saxon King Harold II. By G. F. Beltz, Esq. F.S.A., Lancaster Herald, in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Beltz G. F.
Published: June 2012

Though I am aware that a leaden Plate, found in 1786 at Bruges, in the place of sepulture of Gunilda, sister to the last of our Saxon Kings, has already been under the consideration of yourself and of Mr. Petrie, I am nevertheless induced, having lately had the advantage of inspecting this interesting relic of the eleventh century, to offer to the Society, through your obliging medium, a Fac-simile of the Inscription thereon, taken from the Plate itself; together with the result of my enquiries respecting the circumstances which attended the discovery; and some particulars concerning another British Princess, of the same name and age, whose remains are asserted to have been deposited, at an antecedent period, near the identical spot which those of the daughter of Earl Godwin appear to have occupied.
I. Observations upon a Household Book of King James the Fifth of Scotland, preserved in the Library of the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. President of the Society of Antiquaries, containing the Accompt of one Year, from September 14th 1538, to September 13th 1539: by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: June 2012

This curious Manuscript, for the most part legibly written, though in a contracted hand, fills a folio volume of no inconsiderable size. It has the following title at the beginning:

“Rex. Regina.

“Liber Domicilii supremi domini nostri Regis ac Mariæ Reginæ, inchoan. die subscript, de anno Domini Millesimo quingentesimo trigisimo octavo: David Wod de Crage Compotorum rotulatore.”

On a blank leaf at the beginning are two Shields crowned, supported by the Thistle, one bearing the coat of Scotland, the other the coat of Scotland impaling the arms of the Queen.
II. An Account of the Army with which King Richard the Second invaded Scotland, in the ninth year of his Reign, A.D. 1385. Communicated by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Nicolas Nicholas Harris
Published: June 2012

As a document, however trifling in itself, becomes of value if it illustrates any event in the Annals of this Country, I beg to enclose to you an account of the Army with which Richard the Second invaded Scotland in the ninth year of his reign, anno 1385.
III. Instructions given by King Henry the Eighth to John Becket the Usher, and John Wrothe the Sewer of his Chamber, relative to their Journey into Cornwall, for the purpose of inquiring into the Conduct of William Kendall. Communicated by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Nicolas Nicholas Harris
Published: June 2012

As the copy which I have the honour to enclose, of the Instructions given by Henry the Eighth to John Becket the Usher, and John Wrothe the Sewer, of his Chamber, relative to their journey into Cornwall, for the purpose of inquiring into the conduct of William Kendall, presents a curious example of the system of espionage which that monarch occasionally adopted, and at the same time establishes an historical fact which has, it is believed, hitherto rested on conjecture, it may, in the absence of more important matter, be deemed sufficiently interesting to be communicated to the Society.
VIII. Observations upon the History of Hand Fire-arms, and their Appurtenances; by Samuel Rush Meyrick, Esq. LL.D. and F.S.A. in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Meyrick Samuel Rush
Published: June 2012

It has been suggested to me, that by collecting the scattered notices to be found in military writers on the subject of Hand Fire-arms and their appurtenances, and adding thereto my own inferences from actual observation, I might form a Paper calculated to elucidate the matter, and perhaps afford some entertainment. I have done so, but whether it be of that high order that is befitting to be read to the Society of Antiquaries, I ought to leave to your critical acumen rather than your friendly partiality to determine.
X. Memoir upon the King's Jewel-House, with an Account of the ancient Rights of its Master and Treasurer, by Sir Gilbert Talbot, Knt.: Communicated by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. in a Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K. T. President
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: June 2012

Having already communicated to the Society of Antiquaries, through your Lordship's hands, two Memoirs by Sir Gilbert Talbot upon subjects of English History, I consider his name to be somewhat known to the Society; and shall therefore make but a short introduction to another Memoir from the same pen upon the King's Jewel House, with the ancient rights of the Master and Treasurer. Both of these characters were sustained by Sir Gilbert himself, not only at the time of compiling the Memoir, but also when the celebrated Colonel Blud attempted to steal the Crown, and I have to acquaint your Lordship and the Society, that the particulars relating to that extraordinary theft are preserved in a fourth Memoir by Sir Gilbert, from which the common received Account in our later histories has been taken. This last Narrative (however it may have been pillaged and extracted from) becomes doubly interesting when we learn that the writer of it was in that official station which provided him with the most certain particulars of the robbery.
XIV. Account of a Visit to the Monument usually considered as Druidical, at Carnac in Brittany, made in the month of September 1825, by Alexander Logan, Esq.: Communicated by James Logan, Esq. F.S.A. Edinb. in a Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. President
Authors: Logan Alexander
Published: June 2012

I have taken the liberty of transmitting to your Lordship the accompanying Communication. It is an Extract from a Letter sent to me by my brother, who has been on a tour in France, and the account he gives of the astonishing monument at Carnac I have presumed may be interesting, the more especially as I believe there exists no accurate description of this wonderful structure. In the recent work of Mr. Higgins on “the Celtic Druids,” we have only M. Cambry's account of it, with copies of his illustrative plates, and these are shown by the present relation to contain several errors and exaggerations.
XV. Observations on several Circles of Stones in Scotland, presumed to be Druidical: by James Logan, Esq. F.S.A. Edinb. in a Letter addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. President
Authors: Logan James
Published: June 2012

Your Lordship having sometime since done me the honour to lay before the Society of Antiquaries, some Drawings and Observations on certain Druidical Circles, I am induced to trouble your Lordship with a similar Communication, in the hope that it also may be received as a slight essay towards a knowledge of such remains, and their probable uses.
XVIII. Notice of some Remains at Goza, near Malta. Communicated in a Letter from Captain W.H. Smyth, R.N., F.R.S. and S.A., to Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.R.S. Treasurer
Authors: Smyth William Henry
Published: June 2012

I beg to enclose you three Drawings, shewing the situation and appearance of those primitive and colossal remains, existing on the island of Goza, called the “Giant's Tower” by the natives. I am only able to send you the mere Views, because the measurements I took, and the remarks I made upon the spot, were given to my late friend Colonel Otto Beyer, the then resident Governor. To this gentleman we owe the clearing out of these antiquities, and it was his intention to have submitted to the public a very detailed account of his Operations, but sudden death frustrated the measure.
XX. Account of certain Hill Castles, situated near the Land's End, in Cornwall; in a Communication from William Cotton, Esq. M.A. of Leatherhead, Surrey, addressed to John Britton, Esq. F.S.A. &c. &c.
Authors: Cotton William
Published: June 2012

Bartiné-Hill is one of a chain of eminences near the Land's End, which command extensive views over the English and Irish Channels. On its summit is an ancient Earth-work, or Hill Castle, (as all these remains with ramparts are called in Cornwall,) consisting of a circular mound or vallum, slightly elevated above the natural soil, and a ditch. It contains a well, now filled up, and the remains of three contiguous circles, of different sizes, the largest being 28 feet across, whilst the whole interior diameter is about 860 feet. Borlase was uncertain whether these small circles were intended for military or religious purposes, but supposed them rather to have been the sepulchres for some of the garrison. I will only observe that a Circle of the same description remains within the area of Caër-Bân, and another at Castle-An-Dinas, in Cornwall: Mr Pennant noticed similar inclosures within the Hill Fortresses of Wales.
XXI. Ancient Norman-French Poem on the erection of the Walls of New Ross, in Ireland, A.D. 1265. Communicated by Frederic Madden, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Madden Frederic
Published: June 2012

Among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, is preserved a highly curious volume, written at the commencement of the fourteenth century, containing a miscellaneous collection of pieces in verse and prose, apparently the production of an Irish Ecclesiastic, and chiefly of a satirical description. Most of these pieces are in English or Latin, and there is great reason to conclude that they are from the pen of Friar Michael Kyldare, who is expressly named as the author of a Ballad, fol. 10, and who is erroneously assigned by Ritson, in his Bibliographia Poetica, to the fifteenth, instead of the thirteenth and beginning of the succeeding century. But towards the close of this MS. (which, from the folios having been strangely misplaced, is very difficult to follow in the order of contents,) occurs an extremely interesting Poem, written in the ancient or Norman French language, contributing in a remarkable degree to throw illustration on the early topography and history of the town of New Ross, in Ireland, and on this account I trust the Society may not deem it unworthy of its being submitted to their notice.
XXII. Copy of the Instructions sent from the Council of Queen Elizabeth, to Henry Killegrew, Esq. then resident at the Court of Scotland, upon the arrival of the News of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, A.D. 1572. Communicated by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary, in a Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. President
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: June 2012

A controversy has of late been revived with some degree of warmth respecting the Massacre of Paris in 1572, usually called the Massacre of St. Bartholomew. On one side, every credible document has been represented as declaring that the Massacre was a sudden and unforeseen expedient, an ebullition of popular vengeance, suggested by the alarm which the failure of an attempt upon the life of the Admiral Coligni had excited, and by the danger to be expected from the revenge of his adherents. On the other side, it has been represented as the consequence of a premeditated plot to entrap and destroy the Hugonots in general. Again, on the one side the hypothesis of a preconcerted plot has been represented as not resting upon contemporary evidence. The other stating the hypothesis as actually advanced upon such authority.
XXV. Old English Poem on the Siege of Rouen, A.D. 1418. Communicated by Frederic Madden, Esq. F.S.A. in a Letter to Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Madden Frederic
Published: June 2012

In the twenty-first volume of the Archeeologia a Communication was inserted from my lamented friend the late Rev. J. J. Cony-beare, successively Professor of Saxon and of Poetry in the University of Oxford, containing an Abstract and Transcript of an extremely curious English Poem on the Siege of Rouen, by King Henry the Fifth, in 1418, written by a contemporary author, and giving a more detailed account of that occurrence than is to be met with in any of our historians. The Manuscript from which the transcript was made is preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and in some respects may be considered unique; but, as the Poem in this MS. is unfortunately imperfect, it was with no small degree of satisfaction I discovered the portion supposed to be lost, and under the impression that the Society of Antiquaries, as well as all those who are fond of our Old English historical poetry, may wish to see the Poem in a perfect state, I now have the pleasure to forward you a copy of the lines hitherto wanting to complete it.
FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF ONE HECTARE OF PALM-DOMINATED CREEK FOREST IN JENARO HERRERA, PERU
Authors: Prickett R. M. , Honorio C. E. N. , Baba Y. , Baden H. M. , Alvez V. C. M. , Quesada C. A.
Published: June 2012

A floristic inventory was carried out in an area of palm-dominated creek forest in Jenaro Herrera, in the northeast of Peru. All trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were surveyed in a one-hectare permanent plot using the standard RAINFOR methodology. There were 618 individuals belonging to 230 species, 106 genera and 43 families. The results showed that the total basal area of the trees in the plot was 23.7 m2. The three species with the highest importance value indexes were Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) and Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae). The five most dominant families in order of importance were Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae. Although the soil of this plot was poorly drained, the number of trees and the diversity of the plot were typical for terra firme forest in the western Amazon.
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND NON-AGARICOID BASIDIOMYCETOUS MACROMYCETES OF THE FALKLANDS
Authors: Watling R.
Published: June 2012

Fifty-one species of basidiomycetes are recorded from the Southern Atlantic archipelago of the Falkland Islands. Several other fungi are discussed in the light of these findings. Some of these fungi are recorded for the first time from the Falklands and especially from some of the smaller islands of the group adjacent to West and East Falkland. The world distributions of the fungi dealt with in this compilation, particularly in the southern hemisphere, are given where they are known. Comments are made on the possible reasons for the occurrence of the species in the Falklands, especially the ectomycorrhizal taxa.
Flora of Nepal Volume 3 . M. F. Watson, S. Akiyama, H. Ikeda, C. A. Pendry, K. R. Rajbhandari & K. R. Shrestha.
Authors: Wood John R. I.
Published: June 2012

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CAMELLIA INUSITATA (THEACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FORMING A NEW SECTION (BIDOUPIA) FROM VIETNAM
Authors: Orel G. , Wilson P. G. , Curry A. S. , Truong Luu Hong
Published: June 2012

A new species of Camellia L. (Theaceae) from Vietnam, C. inusitata Orel, Curry & Luu, is described, illustrated and compared with six Camellia species from sections Thea (L.) Dyer, Corallina Sealy and Paracamellia Sealy. Reproductive morphology and molecular evidence supports taxonomic placement in the genus Camellia but the vegetative morphology is so distinct that a new section, Camellia sect. Bidoupia Orel, Curry & Luu, is established.
An Introduction to the Trees from the North of the Republic of Congo . David Harris, Jean-Marie Moutsambote ́ , Emile Kami, Jacques Florence, Samuel Bridgewater & Alexandra Wortley.
Authors: Sosef Marc
Published: June 2012

..
Blue–yellow colour vision impairment and cognitive deficits in occasional and dependent stimulant users
Authors: Hulka Lea M. , Wagner Michael , Preller Katrin H. , Jenni Daniela , Quednow Boris B.
Published: June 2012

Specific blue–yellow colour vision impairment has been reported in dependent cocaine users and it was postulated that drug-induced changes in retinal dopamine neurotransmission are responsible. However, it is unclear whether these changes are confined to chronic cocaine users, whether they are specific for dopaminergic stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine and whether they are related to cognitive functions such as working memory, encoding and consolidation. In 47 occasional and 29 dependent cocaine users, 23 MDMA (commonly known as ‘ecstasy’) users and 47 stimulant-naive controls, colour vision discrimination was measured with the Lanthony Desaturated Panel D-15 Test and memory performance with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Both occasional and dependent cocaine users showed higher colour confusion indices than controls. Users of the serotonergic stimulant MDMA (26%), occasional (30%) and dependent cocaine users (34%) exhibited more frequent blue–yellow colour vision disorders compared to controls (9%). Inferior performance of MDMA users was caused by a subgroup with high amphetamine co-use (55%), while MDMA use alone was not associated with decreased blue–yellow discrimination (0%). Cognitive performance was worse in cocaine users with colour vision disorder compared to users and controls with intact colour vision and both colour vision impairment and cognitive deficits were related to cocaine use. Occasional cocaine and amphetamine use might induce blue–yellow colour vision impairment, whereas the serotonergic stimulant MDMA does not impair colour vision. The association between colour vision impairment and cognitive deficits in cocaine users may reflect that retinal and cerebral dopamine alterations are linked to a certain degree.
Three dimensional analysis of longitudinal plasma oscillations in a thermal relativistic electron beam: Application to an initial value problem
Authors: Marinelli Agostino , Hemsing Erik , Rosenzweig James B.
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we study the initial value problem of longitudinal plasma oscillations in a relativistic electron beam. Our analysis is based on the formalism developed in Marinelli et al. [Phys. Plasmas 18, 103105 (2011)]. We study the evolution of an arbitrary six-dimensional phase-space perturbation under the effect of longitudinal space-charge forces, with the inclusion of three-dimensional effects due to the finite size of the beam, transverse betatron motion, and longitudinal thermal motion induced by both energy-spread and transverse emittance. We expand the phase-space perturbation in a series of eigenmodes of a Schrödinger-like equation, corresponding to a set of propagating space-charge waves. We develop a general formalism, which we use to find explicit expressions for the evolution of an initial perturbation coupled to the fundamental plasma eigenmode. This work has important applications in the theory of space-charge instabilities in high brightness electron beams and control of shot-noise in seeded free-electron lasers. We discuss the application of the present theory to a specific experimental scenario corresponding to a shot-noise suppression scheme at optical wavelengths.
Relationship between threading dislocation and leakage current in 4H-SiC diodes
Authors: Fujiwara Hirokazu , Naruoka Hideki , Konishi Masaki , Hamada Kimimori , Katsuno Takashi , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Yukihiko , Endo Takeshi
Published: June 2012

The impact of threading dislocation density on the leakage current of reverse current-voltage (I–V) characteristics in Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), junction barrier Schottky diodes, and p-n junction diodes (PNDs) was investigated. The leakage current density and threading dislocation density have different positive correlations in each type of diode. Consequently, the correlation in SBDs is strong but weak in PNDs. Nano-scale inverted cone pits were observed at the Schottky junction interface, and it was found that leakage current increases in these diodes due to the concentration of electric fields at the peaks of the pits. The threading dislocations were found to be in the same location as the current leakage points in the SBDs but not in the PNDs.
Bistability in the chemical master equation for dual phosphorylation cycles
Authors: Bazzani Armando , Castellani Gastone C. , Giampieri Enrico , Remondini Daniel , Cooper Leon N
Published: June 2012

Dual phospho/dephosphorylation cycles, as well as covalent enzymatic-catalyzed modifications of substrates are widely diffused within cellular systems and are crucial for the control of complex responses such as learning, memory, and cellular fate determination. Despite the large body of deterministic studies and the increasing work aimed at elucidating the effect of noise in such systems, some aspects remain unclear. Here we study the stationary distribution provided by the two-dimensional chemical master equation for a well-known model of a two step phospho/dephosphorylation cycle using the quasi-steady state approximation of enzymatic kinetics. Our aim is to analyze the role of fluctuations and the molecules distribution properties in the transition to a bistable regime. When detailed balance conditions are satisfied it is possible to compute equilibrium distributions in a closed and explicit form. When detailed balance is not satisfied, the stationary non-equilibrium state is strongly influenced by the chemical fluxes. In the last case, we show how the external field derived from the generation and recombination transition rates, can be decomposed by the Helmholtz theorem, into a conservative and a rotational (irreversible) part. Moreover, this decomposition allows to compute the stationary distribution via a perturbative approach. For a finite number of molecules there exists diffusion dynamics in a macroscopic region of the state space where a relevant transition rate between the two critical points is observed. Further, the stationary distribution function can be approximated by the solution of a Fokker-Planck equation. We illustrate the theoretical results using several numerical simulations.
Near-field for electrodynamics at sub-wavelength scales: Generalizing to an arbitrary number of dielectrics
Authors: Li Shaohong , Gao Yi , Neuhauser Daniel
Published: June 2012

We extend the recently developed near-field (NF) method to include an arbitrary number of dielectrics. NF assumes that the dipoles and fields respond instantaneously to the density, without retardation. The central task in NF is the solution of the Poisson equation for every time step, which is here done by a conjugate gradient method which handles any dielectric distribution. The optical response of any metal-dielectric system can now be studied very efficiently in the near field region. The improved NF method is first applied to simple benchmark systems: a gold nanoparticle in vacuum and embedded in silica. The surface plasmons in these systems and their dependence on the dielectrics are reproduced in the new NF approach. As a further application, we study a silver nanoparticle-based structure for the optical detection of a “lipid” (i.e., dielectric) layer in water, where the layer is wrapping around part of the metallic nanostructure. We show the ∼0.1-0.15 eV shift in the spectrum due to the presence of the layer, for both spherical and non-spherical (sphere+rod) systems with various polarizations.
The role of Cu-O bond length fluctuations in the high temperature superconductivity mechanism
Authors: Deutscher Guy
Published: June 2012

We review three different kinds of experiments that emphasize the non-BCS, inhomogeneous aspects of superconductivity in the high Tc cuprates. The first is the existence of two different energy scales in the superconducting state, initially identified by a comparison between tunneling and Andreev–Saint–James spectroscopies [Deutscher, Nature (London) 397, 410 (1999)]. The second are EXAFS measurements of the Cu-O bond length distribution, which have shown that below a temperature T* > Tc, it becomes broader than expected from the Debye-Waller broadening and presents a split [Bianconi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3412 (1996)]. The third one is the effect of frozen lattice disorder on critical current and vortex pinning, which profoundly affects the pairing landscape [Gutierrez et al., Nature Mater. 6, 367 (2007)]. We then discuss how these results fit with models in which the electron-lattice interaction plays a leading role.
Electric field effect on superconductivity in La2−xSrxCuO4
Authors: Dubuis G. , Bollinger A. T. , Pavuna D. , Božović I.
Published: June 2012

We demonstrate a method to tune the carrier concentration of a high temperature superconductor over a wide range, using an applied electric field. Thin film devices were made in an electrical double layer transistor configuration utilizing an ionic liquid. In this way, the surface carrier density in La2−xSrxCuO4 films can be varied between 0.01 and 0.14 carriers per Cu atom with a resulting change in critical temperature of 25 K (∼70% of the maximum critical temperature in this compound). This allows one to study a large segment of the cuprate phase diagram without altering the level of disorder. We used this method [A. T. Bollinger et al., Nature 472, 458–460 (2011)] to study the quantum critical point at the superconductor to insulator phase transition on the underdoped side of superconducting dome, and concluded that this transition is driven by quantum phase fluctuations and Cooper pair delocalization.
Pressure effects on strained FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films
Authors: Gooch M. , Lorenz B. , Huang S. X. , Chien C. L. , Chu C. W.
Published: June 2012

The pressure effect on the resistivity and superconducting Tc of prestrained thin films of the iron chalcogenide superconductor FeSe0.5Te0.5 is studied. Films with different anion heights above the Fe layer showing different values of ambient pressure Tc’s are compressed up to a pressure of 1.7 GPa. All films exhibit a significant increase of Tc with pressure. The results cannot solely be explained by a pressure-induced decrease of the anion height but other parameters have to be considered to explain the data for all films.
Structure of jadeite melt at high pressures up to 4.9 GPa
Authors: Sakamaki Tatsuya , Wang Yanbin , Park Changyong , Yu Tony , Shen Guoyin
Published: June 2012

The structure of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) melts has been studied using multiple-angle energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction up to 4.9 GPa and 1923 K. The first sharp diffraction peak in the structure factor shifts toward higher momentum transfer as pressure increases, indicating the shrinkage of the intermediate network in the melt. The radial distribution function shows a monotonous decrease in average T-T length and T-O-T angle with increasing pressure, but displays no detectable change in the average bond length between tetrahedrally coordinated cations and oxygen (T-O length, where T = Si4+, Al3+). Our observations indicate that the dominant structural changes occur in the intermediate range order at pressures up to 4.9 GPa. The changes in T-O length, T-T length, and T-O-T angle appear to correlate with the viscosity anomaly in this pressure range.
High pressure-induced structural phase transition in hexagonal CeF3 nanoplates
Authors: Wang P. , Li Q. J. , Liu R. , Yao M. G. , Li D. M. , Zou B. , Cui T. , Liu J. , Chen Z. Q. , Liu B. B.
Published: June 2012

The CeF3 nanoplates with hexagonal shape have been successfully synthesized by an ultrasound vibration assisted hydrothermal process. In situ high pressure angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction (ADXD) measurements for of CeF3 nanoplates were carried out up to 24 GPa using diamond anvil cell. The ADXD results show that a hexagonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition occurred around 6.8 GPa which is about 13 GPa lower than that reported in bulk CeF3 materials. The bulk modulus (B0) of orthorhombic structure CeF3 nanoplates is close to that of the corresponding bulk. The novel high pressure behaviors of CeF3 nanoplates possibly are due to their unique 2D morphologies.
Study of liquid gallium at high pressure using synchrotron x-ray
Authors: Yu Tony , Chen Jiuhua , Ehm Lars , Huang Shu , Guo Quanzhong , Luo Sheng-Nian , Parise John
Published: June 2012

Liquid gallium has been studied at high pressure up to 2 GPa and ambient temperature in a diamond anvil cell using high energy synchrotron x-ray beam. The total x-ray scattering data of liquid gallium were collected up to Q = 12 Å−1 and analyzed using pair distribution functions (PDF). The results indicate that the first nearest neighbor peak and second nearest neighbor (shoulder) peak of PDF in liquid gallium does not change with pressure, whereas the higher order (i.e., third and fourth) nearest neighbor peaks shift towards shorter distance with increasing pressure. Reverse Monte Carlo modeling based on the observed data shows that the coordination number in the liquid gallium increases with pressure from 10.5 at 0.3 GPa to 11.6 at 2 GPa. An atomic arrangement similar to the crystalline phase of Ga(II) with coordination number of 12 is proposed for the locally dense-packed rigid unit in liquid gallium. The volume compression data derived from the structure modeling yield a bulk modulus of 12.1(6) GPa for liquid gallium.
The rogue wave and breather solution of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation
Authors: Xu Shuwei , He Jingsong
Published: June 2012

The Gerdjikov-Ivanov (GI) system of q and r is defined by a quadratic polynomial spectral problem with 2 × 2 matrix coefficients. Each element of the matrix of n-fold Darboux transformation (DT) for this system is expressed by a ratio of (n + 1) × (n + 1) determinant and n × n determinant of eigenfunctions, which implies the determinant representation of q[n] and r[n] generated from known solution q and r. By choosing some special eigenvalues and eigenfunctions according to the reduction conditions q[n] = −(r[n])*, the determinant representation of q[n] provides new solutions of the GI equation. As examples, the breather solutions and rogue wave of the GI are given explicitly by the two-fold DT from a periodic “seed” with a constant amplitude.
Periodic solutions of the non-integrable convective fluid equation
Authors: Kamenov Ognyan Y.
Published: June 2012

In the present paper we have obtained and analyzed a family of exact periodic solutions of the nonlinear evolution partial differential convecting fluid equation (CFE) by applying a modification of the bilinear transformation method. This modification is used in view of the circumstance that CFE is a non-integrable nonlinear equation. A detailed consideration has been given to the quite important case of balance between the dispersion and nonlinear effects establishing that this balance changes the structure of the equation itself. The exact periodic solutions of CFE have been also found in the important case when CFE is identical with the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation.
Small coupling limit and multiple solutions to the Dirichlet problem for Yang-Mills connections in four dimensions. I
Authors: Isobe Takeshi , Marini Antonella
Published: June 2012

In this paper and its sequel (Part II), we analyze the space of solutions to the ε-Dirichlet problem for the Yang-Mills equations on the four-dimensional disk, for small values of the coupling constant ε. These are in 1-1 correspondence with solutions to the Dirichlet problem for Yang-Mills, for small boundary data εA0. We establish a Morse theory for this non-compact variational problem and prove the existence of multiple solutions, and, also, non minimal ones. Here, we describe the problem, state the main theorems and do the first part of the proof. This consists in making the problem finite dimensional, by seeking solutions approximated by the connected sum of a minimal solution with an instanton, plus a correction term due to the boundary. By introducing an auxiliary equation, we solve the problem orthogonally to the space of the approximate solutions.
Phase transformation, dielectric and magnetic properties of Nb doped Bi0.8Sr0.2FeO3 multiferroics
Authors: Reetu  , Agarwal Ashish , Sanghi Sujata , Ashima  , Ahlawat Neetu , Monica
Published: June 2012

Bi0.8Sr0.2Fe1−xNbxO3 (x = 0.0, 0.05, and 0.10) multiferroics were prepared by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis show that crystal structure is rhombohedral for x = 0.0, 0.05 samples and triclinic for x = 0.10 sample. These samples showed dispersion in dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (tan δ) values at lower frequencies. For x = 0.05 sample, both έ and tan δ are lower than for Bi0.8Sr0.2FeO3 sample indicating its high resistivity. For x = 0.10 sample, the value of έ is enhanced which may be due to formation of stronger dipoles in triclinic structure. Temperature dependence of frequency exponent “s” of power law suggests that correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model is applicable at lower temperatures and quantum mechanical tunneling model is appropriate at higher temperatures for describing the conduction mechanism in x = 0.0 and x = 0.05 samples; while in x = 0.10 sample, CBH model is appropriate in studied temperature range. Significant enhancement observed in magnetization for x = 0.10 sample is due to the structural phase transition from rhombohedral to triclinic caused by Nb substitution. For this sample, values of remnant magnetization (Mr) and coercive field (Hc) are 0.155 emu/g and 2.695 kOe, respectively.
Enhanced performance by incorporation of zinc oxide nanowire array for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells
Authors: Liu C. P. , Chen Z. H. , Wang H. E. , Jha S. K. , Zhang W. J. , Bello I. , Zapien J. A.
Published: June 2012

We study the solar power conversion efficiency in hybrid solar cells based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3)/poly-3(hexylthiophene) heterojunctions. The incorporation of ZnO nanowire arrays (NAs) structure results in power conversion efficiency of 2.9%, or 20% higher than the control device. Absorption spectra and numerical simulation analysis provide strong evidence revealing that the enhanced performance is mainly induced by (1) enhanced optical absorption from light-trapping effect of NAs and (2) reduced bulk recombination rate in Sb2S3 from shortened electron injection pathway into ZnO. Significantly, numerical simulations show that the expected interface recombination increase from larger interfacial area effects is negligible.
Low-temperature dielectric behavior of BiFeO3-modified CaTiO3 incipient ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Qing Wang Qing , Jian Zhao Hong , Ming Chen Xiang
Published: June 2012

CaTiO3 incipient ferroelectric ceramics have been modified by introducing BiFeO3. The single-phase (Ca1−yBiy)(Ti1−yFey)O3 solid solutions in space group Pbnm at room temperature are obtained for y ≤ 0.7. An obvious relaxor dielectric peak is induced in the present ceramics, and the peak temperature Tm increases with increasing y, where the dielectric constant as function of temperature can be well fitted with Barrett equation. The monotonic increase of T1 and T0 and decrease of (T1 − 2T0) in Barrett equation with increasing y suggest an approximation to the ferroelectric behavior, where the ferroelectric ordering becomes stronger compared with the quantum fluctuations. That is, the ferroelectric transition can be induced by introducing BiFeO3 in CaTiO3 incipient ferroelectric ceramics.
Interplay of bulk and surface properties for steady-state measurements of minority carrier lifetimes
Authors: Turek Marko
Published: June 2012

The measurement of the minority carrier lifetime is a powerful tool in the field of semiconductor material characterization as it is very sensitive to electrically active defects. Furthermore, it is applicable to a large variety of samples ranging from ingots to wafers. In this work, a systematic analysis of the effective measurable lifetime within the steady-state approach for samples of arbitrary thickness is presented and applied to experimental data. It is shown how the measured lifetime relates to the intrinsic bulk lifetime for a given material quality, sample thickness, and surface passivation. This approach makes the bulk properties experimentally accessible by separating them from the surface effects. A criterion for a critical sample thickness is given beyond which a lifetime measurement allows deducing the bulk properties for a given surface recombination. It is shown how the surface recombination effects lifetime measurements even for thick blocks. Furthermore, it is demonstrated under what conditions a lifetime measurement on unpassivated samples can give reliable bulk information. These results are of particular interest for semiconductor material diagnostics especially for photovoltaic applications but not limited to this field.
Fast time-reversible algorithms for molecular dynamics of rigid-body systems
Authors: Kajima Yasuhiro , Hiyama Miyabi , Ogata Shuji , Kobayashi Ryo , Tamura Tomoyuki
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we present time-reversible simulation algorithms for rigid bodies in the quaternion representation. By advancing a time-reversible algorithm [Y. Kajima, M. Hiyama, S. Ogata, and T. Tamura, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 114002 (2011)10.1143/JPSJ.80.114002] that requires iterations in calculating the angular velocity at each time step, we propose two kinds of iteration-free fast time-reversible algorithms. They are easily implemented in codes. The codes are compared with that of existing algorithms through demonstrative simulation of a nanometer-sized water droplet to find their stability of the total energy and computation speeds.
Ferroic states in La doped BiFeO3-PbTiO3 multiferroic compounds
Authors: Cótica L. F. , Estrada F. R. , Freitas V. F. , Dias G. S. , Santos I. A. , Eiras J. A. , Garcia D.
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the relationship between ferroic states and the physicochemical mechanism which governs the (Bi/Pb/La)–O bonds in polycrystalline La doped (0.6)BiFeO3–(0.4)PbTiO3 compounds were investigated. An abrupt change in the symmetries of perovskite-structured samples, from tetragonal (P4mm) to rhombohedral (R3c), occurs with the increase of the La concentration, highlighting the diminishment of the hybridization of the (Bi/Pb)–O bonds when La is added into the solid solution, and the emergence of a characteristic morphotropic phase boundary tuned by doping. A maximum remnant polarization (10 μC/cm2) was observed for low La concentrations (where R3c and P4mm phases coexist), while the maximum remnant magnetization (∼75 × 10−3 emu/g) was observed for highly La concentrated samples. These results show that ferroelectric and weak-ferromagnetic orders are strongly correlated to the structural arrangement, which in turn are directly related to the chemical A–O and B–O bonds (long-range and short-range forces) and with the chemical characteristics of the elements that fulfills the A site of the perovskite structure.
Phonon interference and its effect on thermal conductance in ring-type structures
Authors: Yan Yonghong , Zhao Hui
Published: June 2012

We study phonon interference in some ring-type structures theoretically. The phonon transmission minima due to interference are discussed. We find that, by introducing a ring-type structure to a one-dimensional system, the phonon thermal conductance can be reduced by about 50%. This may be used to control phonon heat transport that is important for thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion.
Influence of linearly polarized radiation on magnetoresistance in irradiated two-dimensional electron systems
Authors: Iñarrea Jesús
Published: June 2012

We study the influence of the polarization angle of linear radiation on the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems and examine the polarization immunity on the temperature and quality of the sample. We have applied the radiation-driven electron orbits model obtaining that the magnetoresistance is affected by the orientation of the electric field of linearly polarized radiation when dealing with high quality samples and low temperatures. Yet, for lower quality samples and higher temperature, we recover polarization immunity in the radiation driven magnetoresistance oscillations. This could be of interest for future photoelectronics in high quality mesoscopic devices.
High pressure effect on the dielectric properties of rock-salt CdS
Authors: He Chunyuan , Liu Bingguo , Li Ming , Su Taichao , Gao Chunxiao
Published: June 2012

Using high pressure impedance spectroscopy measurement system, the dielectric property of rock-salt CdS was investigated up to 22.9 GPa. Below 10.0 GPa ɛr′′ decreased with frequency linearly and ɛr′ showed one-step decrease, which was due to the electron hopping transport between impurity levels. From 10.0 GPa to 11.6 GPa and from 15.8 GPa to 22.9 GPa, the one-step decrease of ɛr′ with frequency was assigned to the electron transport along one path, from impurity level to Σv and to Lv, respectively, and the two-step decrease from 11.6 GPa to 15.8 GPa was caused by the electron transport along the two paths mentioned above. The dielectric constant of CdS grain was calculated and showed w-shape with pressure, which was affected by the pressure induced band structure change.
Direct manipulation of the uncompensated antiferromagnetic spins in exchange coupled system by GeV ion irradiation
Authors: Paul Amitesh , Paul N. , Trautmann C. , Mattauch S. , Jutimoosik Jaru , Yimnirun Rattikorn , Rujirawat Saroj , Höpfner Britta , Lauermann Iver , Lux-Steiner M. , Böni P.
Published: June 2012

Incident ion energy to matrix electrons of a material is dissipated within a narrow cylinder surrounding the swift heavy ion path. The temperature of the lattice exceeds the melting point and upon quenching causes nanometric modifications. We present here a unique ex situ approach in manipulating the uncompensated spins in antiferromagnetic layers of ferro-/antiferromagnetic exchange coupled systems on a nanometric scale. We use the impact of relativistic heavy ion (1–2 GeV) irradiation on such systems. We find an increase in the bias field and a restoration of the reversal via domain nucleation in the trained state. These are identified as plausible results of ion-induced antiferromagnetic ordering with little or no effect on the layer structure. This study demonstrates, therefore, the possibility of nanoscale tailoring of exchange coupled systems that survive even in the trained state.
Transmittance and optical constants of Sr films in the 6–1220 eV spectral range
Authors: Rodríguez-de Marcos Luis , Larruquert Juan I. , Aznárez José A. , Vidal-Dasilva Manuela , García-Cortés Sergio , Méndez José A. , Poletto Luca , Frassetto Fabio , Marco Malvezzi A. , Bajoni Daniele , Giglia Angelo , Mahne Nicola , Nannarone Stefano
Published: June 2012

Strontium (Sr) is a material with low-absorption bands in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), which makes it a potential candidate for band pass filters and multilayer coatings. Yet, a better knowledge of the optical properties of Sr is required for these developments. The optical constants n and k of Sr thin films have been obtained in the 6–1220 eV range from transmittance measurements performed at room temperature. These are the first experimental optical constant data of Sr in most of the range. Thin films of Sr with various thicknesses were deposited by evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum conditions, and their transmittance was measured in situ. Sr films were deposited onto grids coated with a thin C support film. Transmittance measurements were used to directly obtain the extinction coefficient k of Sr films. The refractive index n of Sr was calculated with Kramers-Krönig analysis. For this, k data were extrapolated both on the high- and on the low-energy sides by using experimental and calculated k data available in the literature. It was found that, similar to other alkaline-earth metals, Sr has a low absorption band in the EUV, which for Sr is below its N2,3 edge, with a minimum at ∼18.5 eV, a range where most materials in nature have a large absorption. A second spectral range of interest for the low absorption of Sr is below its M4,5 edge at 132 eV. In spite of these remarkable properties, Sr is a very reactive material and the stability of coatings encompassing Sr may be an issue. Good consistency of the data resulted from the application of f and inertial sum rules.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of aluminum z-pinch plasma with tungsten backlighter planar wire array source
Authors: Osborne G. C. , Kantsyrev V. L. , Safronova A. S. , Esaulov A. A. , Weller M. E. , Shrestha I. , Shlyaptseva V. V. , Ouart N. D.
Published: June 2012

Absorption features from K-shell aluminum z-pinch plasmas have recently been studied on Zebra, the 1.7 MA pulse power generator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility. In particular, tungsten plasma has been used as a semi-backlighter source in the generation of aluminum K-shell absorption spectra by placing a single Al wire at or near the end of a single planar W array. All spectroscopic experimental results were recorded using a time-integrated, spatially resolved convex potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystal spectrometer. Other diagnostics used to study these plasmas included x-ray detectors, optical imaging, laser shadowgraphy, and time-gated and time-integrated x-ray pinhole imagers. Through comparisons with previous publications, Al K-shell absorption lines are shown to be from much lower electron temperature (∼10–40 eV) plasmas than emission spectra (∼350–500 eV).
Electrospinning and optical characterization of organic rubrene nanofibers
Authors: Dhakal Krishna P. , Lee Hyunsoo , Woo Lee Jin , Joo Jinsoo , Guthold Martin , Kim Jeongyong
Published: June 2012

We report on the preparation of continuous organic rubrene nanofibers using the electrospinning method. We added the minimal amount of poly (ethylene oxide) in the electro-spinning solution to provide the viscosity required for electrospinning. Optical characteristics such as absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectra all confirmed the successful formation of rubrene nanofibers. Confocal Raman spectra obtained from single rubrene nanofibers showed co-existence of the amorphous and the crystal phase of the rubrene molecule. We also demonstrated that our rubrene nanofibers can be used as efficient optical waveguides. Our result suggests that abundant fluorescent, continuous nanofibers of small molecule materials can be successfully prepared using electrospinning.
Self-powered micro-structured solid state neutron detector with very low leakage current and high efficiency
Authors: Dahal R. , Huang K. C. , Clinton J. , LiCausi N. , Lu J.-Q. , Danon Y. , Bhat I.
Published: June 2012

We report on the design, fabrication, and performance of solid-state neutron detector based on three-dimensional honeycomb-like silicon micro-structures. The fabricated detectors use boron filled deep holes with aspect ratio of over 12 and showed a very low leakage current density of ∼7 × 10−7 A/cm2 at −1 V for device sizes varying from 2 × 2 to 5 × 5 mm2. A thermal neutron detection efficiency of 4.5% ± 0.5% with discrimination setting of 500 keV and gamma to neutron sensitivity of (1.1 ± 0.1) × 10−5 for single layer was measured without external bias for these devices. Monte-Carlo simulation predicts a maximum efficiency of 45% for such devices filled with 95% enriched 10boron.