bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driver Response to a Dynamic Speed Feedback Sign at a Freeway Exit Ramp Considering the Sign Design and Installation Characteristics
Authors: Mahmud Md Shakir , Gates Timothy J. , Savolainen Peter Tarmo , Safaei Babak
Published: August 2022

Research was conducted at a freeway exit ramp with significant horizontal curvature to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic speed feedback signs (DSFSs) as a speed reduction countermeasure. Several aspects of the DSFSs were evaluated, including display size, border type, lateral installation position, and vehicle detection range. Three different full-matrix DSFSs were utilized, which included 15-in. display panel with yellow border, 18-in. display panel with yellow border, and 18-in. display panel with no border. Each sign was individually installed and tested at identical locations near the start of the exit ramp curve, in both the traditional right-side-mount and an alternative forward-mount within the exit gore area. Speed data and message activation location were collected for vehicles approaching and entering the curve across the various sign test conditions. Overall, the presence of a DSFS positioned near the start of the curve resulted in curve entry speeds that were, on average, 3.5 mph lower than without a DSFS present. The lowest curve entry speeds were observed for cases in which the message activated when vehicles were within 250 to 400 ft of the curve. Interestingly, earlier message activation did not contribute to further speed reductions, although later activation substantially diminished the speed reduction effects. With regard to DSFS lateral position, both the side-mounted and forward-mounted DSFS installations resulted in similar curve entry speeds. Furthermore, there were no discernable differences in curve entry speeds between the 15- and 18-in. display panels, although the inclusion of a yellow sign border had greater speed reduction effects.
Accounting for Ride-Hailing and Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Empty Trips in a Four-Step Travel Demand Model
Authors: Mondal Aupal , Juri Natalia Ruiz , Bhat Chandra R. , Mirzaei Arash
Published: August 2022

The extension of planning tools to consider the impact of new technologies and mobility trends, such as ride-hailing (RH) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), is a pressing need among transportation planners and decision-makers. This paper discusses the incorporation of empty (zero-occupancy) trips attributable to RH and CAVs into a four-step planning model. We estimate RH empty trips using an exogenous constant-multiplier. For CAVs, we consider the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) generated by empty “return home” and “park elsewhere” trips. The “return home” and “park elsewhere” trip fractions are determined using a binary choice model based on distance to home and average parking cost at the destination zone. Parking location choice is modeled using a logit approach that considers parking costs and distance to parking location. The methods developed in this work are incorporated into a model of the Dallas-Fort Worth region, U.S., that was previously extended to account for RH and CAVs. Results suggest that, for a 40% penetration of CAVs and a 4% mode share by RH, empty trips add 22 million VMT and have significant impacts on vehicle hours traveled and traffic congestion. While results depend on modeling assumptions, our experiment illustrates the value of extended models in understanding the implications of policies such as parking costs and limiting the movement of empty vehicles. The four-step process is still the primary tool used for long-term planning, making our proposed modeling approach a feasible option for planning organizations to consider.
Traffic Volume Estimation for both Undersaturated and Oversaturated Signalized Intersections With Stopbar Location Estimation Using Trajectory Data
Authors: Lloret-Batlle Roger , Wang Zi-Hao , Zheng Jianfeng
Published: August 2022

We proposed an estimator for traffic volumes at signalized intersections using only sparse trajectory data. Each pair of observed trajectories defined a statistical event, from which traffic volume was inferred. The interaction between trajectory stop distances, arrival speeds, and signal plan defined different classes of statistical events, with distinct likelihood expressions. Contrary to recent approaches found in the literature, our method addressed oversaturation and residual queues. We also proposed a method to estimate stopbar location, crucial to properly estimating stop distances and queue lengths. Arrivals were assumed to follow a negative exponential distribution., and the method was compatible with any kind of control. The signal plan was assumed to be known, but an estimated signal plan could also be used. The estimation was formulated as a maximum marginal likelihood problem. We showed the problem to be globally concave and, thus, optimally solvable by standard gradient-based methods. The estimator was first validated by an event-based Lighthill–Whitham–Richards simulation, suppressing any measurement errors from trajectories and uncertainty from driver behavior. The estimator was found to consistently show bias below 10% in low-penetration-rate situations, when the [Formula: see text] ratio was medium to high. Finally, the estimator was tested at a real-world intersection set by the authors in Beijing, China, which obtained a bias of similar of magnitude.
Employer Perceptions of Introducing Dynamic Pricing for Urban Rail: Evidence from Tokyo during Work Style Changes
Authors: Yamada Toshiyuki , Abe Ryosuke , Tanabe Katsumi
Published: August 2022

In Tokyo, there is growing interest in the introduction of dynamic pricing for urban rail or a congestion measure that distributes rail demand through an additional charge during peak hours. Employee commuting costs in Japan are often borne by employers. In this study, we analyze employers’ perceptions of and potential responses to the introduction of peak-load pricing in the urban rail network based on a survey of 215 major companies with headquarters in Tokyo Metropolis. The results show that the median value of “intention to pay the additional charge during peak hours” 20% to 30% of each company’s commuter pass expenditure per month, per employee. Furthermore, companies can also consider diversified responses that may facilitate congestion easing. The results show that 70% of the sampled companies are likely to promote varied work styles if peak-load pricing is introduced. We confirm that this response could be stronger for companies with more employees. Companies with larger profit margins per employee and/or those providing professional and business services are likely to review their payroll systems and benefits. In cases where the additional charge is set above the payable amount, companies with more employees can promote varied work styles, require employees to pay part of the commuting costs, and consider relocating employees or offices away from Tokyo Metropolis. Companies in the hospitality, lifestyle-related, and entertainment industries are unable to change the way employees work and would review their payroll systems and benefits.
Is Long-Distance Travel Influenced by Regional Geography?: An Analysis of Tripmaking Between Sociogeographic Clusters of U.S. Counties
Authors: Fisher Mitchell , LaMondia Jeffrey J. , Bricka Stacey
Published: August 2022

As long-distance travel volumes continue to grow, decision makers seek data to help manage the travel-related impacts. Household travel surveys offer the detail necessary for developing policy-responsive forecasting models and other analyses, but more efficient sampling plans are needed to capture long-distance travel in a more cost-effective manner. To support the development of sampling approaches for long-distance surveys, the objectives of this study were to (a) develop a sociogeographic cluster classification system for stratifying U.S. counties and (b) measure differences in long-distance travel behavior across these county classifications. Using fuzzy clustering techniques, U.S. counties were successfully classified into sociogeographic clusters for the purpose of analyzing tripmaking behavior. We measured mean household total trip rates, trip rates by mode (air, vehicle, other), and trip rates by purpose (leisure, work, other) using the weighted 2001 National Household Travel Survey. The results indicated that households within each county cluster pursue (a) statistically similar long-distance trip rates with other households in their cluster and (b) statistically different trip rates from households in other clusters. The differences in household long-distance trip rates also extended to the census region level, meaning census regions as well as sociogeographic cluster assignment were significant predictors of long-distance trip rates. Therefore, rather than collect a long-distance travel survey from a sampling framework focused on being nationally representative, these results suggest we might target data collection from regional sociogeographic clusters.
Characterization, Detection, and Segmentation of Work-Zone Scenes From Naturalistic Driving Data
Authors: Sundharam Vaibhav , Sarkar Abhijit , Svetovidov Andrei , Hickman Jeffrey S. , Abbott A. Lynn
Published: August 2022

This paper elucidates the automatic detection and analysis of work zones (construction zones) in naturalistic roadway images. An underlying motivation is to identify locations that may pose a challenge to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or autonomous vehicle navigation systems. We first present an in-depth characterization of work-zone scenes from a custom data set collected from more than a million miles of naturalistic driving data. We then describe two machine learning algorithms based on the ResNet and U-Net architectures. The first approach works in an image classification framework that classifies an image as a work-zone scene or non-work-zone scene. The second algorithm was developed to identify individual components representing evidence of a work zone (signs, barriers, machines, etc.). These systems achieved an [Formula: see text] score of 0.951 for the classification task and an [Formula: see text] score of 0.611 for the segmentation task. We further demonstrate the viability of our proposed models through saliency map analysis and ablation studies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to consider the detection of work zones in large-scale naturalistic data. The systems demonstrate potential for real-time detection of construction zones using forward-looking cameras mounted on automobiles. Such a system can be incorporated with ADAS to assist drivers in navigating through challenging environments such as construction zones, making those areas safer for commuters. The code is available on our GitHub page: https://github.com/VTTI/Segmentation-and-detection-of-work-zone-scenes .
History of Transition From Allowable Stress Design to Load and Resistance Factor Design and Beyond
Authors: Aguilar Victor , Nowak Andrzej S. , Anderson J. Brian
Published: August 2022

The Standing Committee on Foundations for Bridges and Other Structures has supported the implementation of the load and resistance factors (LRFD) design philosophy into practice. The committee has contributed by hosting discussions on the advantages, issues, and impact of the implementation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) into foundation design and other related fields. The background and a historical overview of the development of LRFD in bridge foundation design are presented in this paper. Several National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) projects have been of paramount importance on this matter. Milestone research projects are described, and a perspective on the future of the field is drawn. This document is intended to be a roadmap through the most useful material to understand reliability analysis and its application to geotechnical engineering. It is intended to be of interest to those engineers charged with performing reliability-based calibration in need of a starting point. The primary literature and steps followed to develop the current AASHTO LRFD specifications are highlighted. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding and future improvement of the LRFD specifications.
Biomechanical Comparison of Fiber Tape Device Versus Transarticular Screws for Ligamentous Lisfranc Injury in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Koroneos Zachary A. , Manto Kristen M. , Martinazzi Brandon J. , Stauch Chris , Bifano Shawn M. , Kunselman Allen R. , Lewis Gregory S. , Aynardi Michael
Published: August 2022

Background:

The preferred method of fixation and surgical treatment for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries is controversial. Transarticular screws, bridge plating, fusion, and flexible fixation have been described, yet none have demonstrated superiority. Furthermore, screw fixation and plating often require secondary surgery to remove implants, leading surgeons to seek alternative fixation methods.

Purpose:

To compare transarticular screws and a fiber tape construct under a spectrum of biomechanical loads by evaluating the diastasis at 3 joints in the Lisfranc complex.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight matched pairs of fresh, previously frozen lower extremity cadaveric specimens were fixed with either 2 cannulated transarticular crossed screws or a fiber tape construct with a supplemental intercuneiform limb. The diastasis between bones was measured at 3 midfoot joints in the Lisfranc complex: the Lisfranc articulation, the second tarsometatarsal joint, and the intercuneiform joint. Measurements were obtained for the preinjured, injured, and fixation conditions under static loading at 50% donor body weight. Specimens then underwent cyclic loading performed at 1 Hz and 100 cycles, based on 100-N stepwise increases in ground-reaction force from 100 to 2000 N, to simulate postoperative loading from the partial weightbearing stage to high-energy activities. Failure of fixation was defined as diastasis ≥2 mm at the Lisfranc articulation (second metatarsal–medial cuneiform joint).

Results:

There were no significant differences in diastasis detected at the Lisfranc articulation or the intercuneiform joint throughout all loading cycles between groups. All specimens endured loading up to 50% body weight + 1400 N. Up to and including this stage, there were 2 failures in the cannulated transarticular crossed-screw group and none in the fiber tape group.

Conclusion:

The fiber tape construct with a supplemental intercuneiform limb, which does not require later removal, may provide comparable biomechanical stability to cannulated transarticular crossed screws, even at higher loads.

Clinical Relevance:

Ligamentous Lisfranc injuries are common among athletes. Therefore, biomechanical evaluations are necessary to determine stable constructs that can limit the time to return to play. This study compares the biomechanical stability of 2 methods of fixation for ligamentous injury through a wide spectrum of loading, including those experienced by athletes.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Comorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Sham-Controlled Trials
Authors: Thatikonda Navya Spurthi , Vinod Pratibha , Balachander Srinivas , Bhaskarpillai Binukumar , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Reddy Y.C. Janardhan
Published: August 2022

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in reducing comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched for randomized, sham-controlled clinical trials evaluating rTMS for the treatment of OCD. Hedge's g was calculated as the effect size for anxiety/depression symptom severity (primary outcome) and OCD severity (secondary outcome). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the most promising target and whether a reduction in OCD severity moderates the change in anxiety or depression scores.

Results

Twenty studies ( n = 688) were included in the meta-analysis. rTMS had small-medium effect size on OCD (Hedge's g = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.20, 0.65]; P < 0.001), anxiety (Hedge's g = 0.3; 95% CI: [0.11, 0.48]; P = 0.001) and depression (Hedge's g = 0.24; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.40]; P = 0.003) symptoms. Subgroup analysis showed that protocols targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were effective for 3 outcome measures. The change in anxiety, but not depression severity, was moderated by a change in OCD symptom scores. However, the findings are uncertain as a majority of the studies had some concerns or a high risk of bias.

Conclusions

Active rTMS protocol targeting DLPFC is effective in reducing the comorbid anxiety/depression symptoms along with OCD severity. The antidepressant effect is not moderated by the anti-obsessive effect of rTMS.
Internal Social Attention: Gaze Cues Stored in Working Memory Trigger Involuntary Attentional Orienting
Authors: Ji Haoyue , Yuan Tian , Yu Yiwen , Wang Li , Jiang Yi
Published: August 2022

Previous research has shown that social cues, including eye gaze, can readily guide our focus of attention—a phenomenon referred to as social attention. Here, we demonstrated that internally maintained social cues in working memory (WM) can produce an analogous attentional effect ( N = 57). Using the delayed-match-to-sample paradigm combined with the dot-probe task, we found that holding irrelevant gaze cues in WM can induce attentional orienting in college-age adults. Importantly, this WM-induced attention effect could not be explained simply by the perceptual-attentional process, because the identical gaze cues that were only passively viewed and not memorized in WM could not trigger attentional orienting beyond the typical time window of social attention. Furthermore, nonsocial cues (i.e., arrows) held in WM failed to elicit the attentional-orienting effect. These findings provide new evidence for the conceptualization of WM as internally directed attention and highlight the uniqueness of social attention compared with nonsocial attention.
Validating global horizontal irradiance estimated by McClear model under clear-sky and all-sky conditions in Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Zia ul Rehman , Amjad Ghulam Murtaza , Hamza Muhammad , Shad Muhammad Rizwan , Qamar Adnan , Blanc Philippe , Abbas Sabtain , Azhar Muhammad , Safyan Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad , Atif Muhammad , Haider Syed Tauqeer
Published: August 2022

The availability of accurate and reliable solar radiation data is very important to explore solar energy potential for commercial power plants. This study presents the validation of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from McClear model under clear-sky and all-sky conditions against measured data for complex topography of Pakistan. The McClear GHI shows good agreement with measured GHI under clear-sky conditions for nine stations and good correlation was achieved with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.972 to 0.992. The relative mean bias error (rMBE) and relative root mean square error (rRMSE) using GHI data having temporal resolution of 10 minutes was ranging from −2.3 to 6.4% and 3.6 to 7.8% respectively. A seasonal statistical analysis shows variation of errors during seasons, significant variation of errors was observed for monthly statistical analysis, the overall errors for all stations were maximum in January and minimum in June. Cloud fraction (CF) from three state-of-the-art datasets (ERA-5, MERRA-2 and MODIS) was incorporated into McClear clear-sky GHI (GHIMC,clear-sky) to derive commercially resourceful all-sky GHI data (GHIMC,all-sky) using a noval approach. The rMBE of GHIMC,all-sky using CF from ERA-5, MERRA-2 and MODIS ranges from 0.1 to 8.4%, 0.1 to 14.1% and 0.2 to 16.8% respectively. The application of ERA-5 cloud fraction shows good correlation with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.871 to 0.966 and gave best results as rMBE for all stations is less than 4% except one station, the long-term GHIMC,all-sky data can be used for the solar resource assessment of Pakistan in the absence of measured data.
Analysis of the interval difference and spatial effects of Chinese green economic progress
Authors: Chen Yang , Ali Farhan , Lyulyov Oleksii , Pimonenko Tetyana
Published: August 2022

A green economy refers to a modern form of harmony between the environment and the economy. China showing the fastest economic growth in the world has entered into a new phase of advance, facing a critical industrial transformation and progression. The paper aims to analyse China's green economic development considering the differences in development of regions. The study applied the ultra-efficient slacks-based measure model to scrutinize China's green economic development efficiency. Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density methods are used to estimate spatial characteristics, local adjustments, and dynamic evolution trends. The analysis is based on an annual dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019. The findings did not confirm extensive China's green economic development. In contrast, the development efficacy reveals an influential drive over the years. Regional green development is detected as unstable and diverges due to interregional differences. The findings showed that environmental regulation, government investment, industrial structure, education development were 0.0648, 0.00154, 0.0035 and 0.118 (significant at 5% and 1%), respectively. Besides, they stimulate the green economic development in the analysed regions. However, urbanization and openness of economy had the negative value. It confirmed their restriction impact on the green economic development. In addition, the findings showed that ongoing Chines policy on management of environmental development is the priority direction and provoke the declining the environmental pollution. Besides, the modernization and optimization of the Chinese industry structure stimulate the further green economic progress.
Analytical validation of a portable human Accu-Chek glucometer in honeybee hemolymph
Authors: Cournoyer Antoine , Deschamps Annie , Bau-Gaudreault Liza , Dubreuil Pascal , Benoit-Biancamano Marie-Odile
Published: August 2022

Glucose and trehalose are the main energy sources used by honeybees ( Apis mellifera) for daily activities. However, there is no validated point-of-care method to reliably measure both sugars. We performed an analytical validation of a portable human glucometer (Accu-Chek; Roche) for glucose measurement in honeybee hemolymph compared to a reference method (GluCH, UniCel DxC 600; Beckman Coulter). We used 30 pooled hemolymph samples collected from the antennae of anesthetized honeybees and diluted 1:4 in 0.9% saline. We evaluated dilution linearity, spike recovery, and inter- and intra-assay imprecision. Glucose concentration was measured over time (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d, 21 d, 28 d) at various storage temperature (25°C, 4°C, −20°C, −80°C). The trehalose concentration was measured indirectly by trehalase hydrolyzation. Glucose concentrations measured by both instruments had a strong correlation (0.985, p < 0.0001) and a bias of −7.33 mmol/L (±1.96SD: 13.70 to −28.36), with linear agreement at <20 mmol/L (physiologic value: 100 mmol/L). The accuracy of the glucometer decreased at >20 mmol/L. Recovery of 115–130% of diluted spikes indicated good specificity. Inter- and intra-assay imprecision were 2.50% and 2.21%, respectively. Glucose concentrations fluctuated in stored samples dependent on time and temperature; however, glucose concentrations were constant with storage at −80°C for ≥28 d. The Accu-Chek glucometer is an adequate instrument to measure honeybee glucose concentration in hemolymph diluted with 0.9% NaCl, with good accuracy and precision at <20 mmol/L. Hemolymph storage at −80°C is suitable for long-term conservation of glucose.
Cholesterol granuloma associated with degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina of a dog
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Watanabe Kenichi , Miller Andrew David , Matsumoto Kotaro , Kobayashi Yoshiyasu
Published: August 2022

An 8-y-old Labrador Retriever dog had mild ataxia of the hindlimbs 4 mo after lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy for intervertebral disk disease. Ataxia of the hindlimbs gradually worsened over the next 6 y. On autopsy, gross lesions were not recognized in the spinal cord. Histopathology revealed an intradural extraparenchymal cholesterol granuloma in the cauda equina associated with remnant nerve roots. Nerves associated with the cholesterol granuloma had axonal degeneration, myelin vacuolation, and edema. In those foci, macrophages were increased in number between nerve fibers. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein and Luxol fast blue staining highlighted the presence of remnant axons and myelin sheaths within the granuloma. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in the granuloma were mainly macrophages and CD3- or CD20-immunopositive T or B lymphocytes, respectively. We conclude that the cholesterol granuloma likely formed subsequent to degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina.
“He Will Not Leave Us Alone and I Need the Courts to Help”: Defendants’ Use of Nonphysical Violence in Domestic Violence Protective Order Cases
Authors: Redding Erika M. , Moracco Kathryn E. , Barrington Clare L. , Corbo Allyson M.
Published: August 2022

District court judges who make final determinations in domestic violence protective order (DVPO) cases in North Carolina indicate often using heuristics, such as the presence of visible injury, to guide their assessment of violence severity. This approach is concerning as it minimizes nonphysical intimate partner violence. We conducted a thematic analysis of DVPO plaintiff complaints to identify the types of nonphysical vioence described and its effects on plaintiff health outcomes. Most case files included descriptions of nonphysical violence and plaintiffs described fear as a significant mental health outcome. Findings highlight the potentially deleterious impact of nonphysical violence on the well-being of DVPO plaintiffs.
“Living in the Darkness”: Technology-Facilitated Coercive Control, Disenfranchised Grief, and Institutional Betrayal
Authors: Woodlock Delanie , Salter Michael , Dragiewicz Molly , Harris Bridget
Published: August 2022

This article draws on interviews with 20 Australian women subjected to technology-facilitated coercive control (TFCC), foregrounding their accounts of grief and institutional betrayal. Findings show that while the harms of TFCC were significant, survivors’ experiences were often minimized and dismissed by justice institutions. Women experienced grief due to abuse and separation from partners who had betrayed them. This loss was compounded when seeking help. We propose that disenfranchised grief is an underexplored response to domestic violence and institutional betrayal as well as a potential intervention site, particularly in relation to technology-facilitated abuse.
Conceptualizing Physicians’ Roles in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Resources for Canadian Physicians
Authors: Cavanagh Alice , Kimber Melissa , MacMillan Harriet L. , Ritz Stacey A. , Vanstone Meredith
Published: August 2022

Resources addressing intimate partner violence (IPV) play a role in shaping how physicians conceptualize and perform their roles in caring for affected patients. This study combines environmental scanning with critical discourse analysis (CDA) to parse how roles of physicians were represented in 28 education materials and policy documents about IPV, taking the Canadian training milieu as an example. We developed a cyclical model of three core physician roles in addressing IPV—learning about IPV, identifying patients experiencing IPV, and responding to patients’ disclosures of IPV. The construction of these physician roles is suggestive of an ongoing process of medicalization of IPV.
How Helpful Is Bystander Intervention? Perspectives of Dating and Sexual Violence Survivors
Authors: McMahon Sarah
Published: August 2022

While bystander intervention education has demonstrated promise as a strategy to reduce dating and sexual violence (DSV) on campus, little is known about whether survivors on whose behalf the interventions take place find these helpful. This paper uses qualitative, in-depth interviews with 33 DSV survivors to explore their perspectives on bystander intervention. Results indicate that while some interventions were identified as helpful, especially those that provided support to the survivor, many were not helpful enough or even harmful. Further work is needed to understand the consequences of bystander action.
“I Felt Better When I Moved Into My Own Place”: Needs and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Survivors in Rapid Rehousing
Authors: Wood Leila , Schrag Rachel Voth , McGiffert Maggy , Brown Josh , Backes Bethany
Published: August 2022

Accessing stable housing is a basic need for intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, and rapid rehousing programs are a critical way to address homelessness. However, little is known about survivor experiences, needs, and outcomes in rapid rehousing services within IPV agencies. This study uses an exploratory approach to understand the needs and experiences of 31 survivors using vouchers facilitated by an IPV program in the U.S. Southwest. Thematic analysis of structured interviews resulted in four summary themes: getting to housing, managing multiple needs, accessing support, and facing barriers. Practice and evaluation implications are discussed.
Perceptions of a Hypothetical Sexual Assault: The Impact of the Interrelationships Between Eight Situational Factors
Authors: Marks Michael J. , Zaikman Yuliana
Published: August 2022

The current research examined the interactions between various factors that contribute to perceptions of a woman's sexual assault. Participants read a vignette about an assault in which we varied eight factors. We assessed the impact of these factors and their interactions on participants’ perceptions of the assault. Participants’ perceptions were more driven by the characteristics of the victim rather than the perpetrator. The factor that had the most overall impact on perceptions of the sexual assault was whether the victim explicitly agreed to go to the perpetrator's home. Implications of our results are discussed in various contexts.
Intimate Partner Violence in an Orthodox Jewish Community in the United States: A Qualitative Exploration of Community Members’ Perspectives
Authors: Murugan Vithya
Published: August 2022

This study sought to understand the needs and priorities of the Orthodox Jewish community around intimate partner violence in a medium-sized midwestern city. Twelve Orthodox Jewish rabbis, Rebbetzins, and community members (including survivors) were recruited to participate in in-depth, semistructured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using Dedoose via a mixed content analysis approach. Interviews revealed four themes: (1) Orthodox Gender Norms and Socialization: Risk or Protective Factor? (2) Awareness of DV Services in the Community; (3) Barriers to help-seeking; and (4) Salience of Rabbis and Rebbetzins. Recommendations for culturally congruent programs and practices are discussed.
Examining Individual and Aggregate Correlates of Police Killings of People with Mental Illness: A Special Gaze at Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Prince Krishanna J. , Sun Ivan Y.
Published: August 2022

This study assesses the influences of race and ethnicity on the presence of resistant behavior during deadly police contacts with people experiencing mental illness. Drawing upon information mainly from the Mapping Police Violence Database, regression analysis showed that race/ethnicity is not a consistent predictor of resistance among people with mental illness. Hispanics with mental illness were less likely than White counterparts to attack the police before being killed. Counties with a higher percentage of the Black population have a higher likelihood of people with mental illness attacking the police.
Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: August 2022

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) re-reviewed the safety of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate in cosmetics. Malic Acid is reported to function in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient and a pH adjuster and Sodium Malate functions as a skin-conditioning agent - humectant. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that Malic Acid and Sodium Malate are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
Hip offset and leg-length restoration in revision hip arthroplasty with a monoblock, hydroxyapatite-coated stem
Authors: Saunders Paul , Shaw Debbie , Sidharthan Sijin , Young Stephen K , Board Tim
Published: August 2022

Aims:

Restoration of normal hip biomechanics in arthroplasty surgery is important in order to achieve good muscle function and joint stability.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the postoperative radiographs of 131 femoral revision arthroplasty procedures using a monoblock, fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium stem. Femoral offset, modified-global offset and leg length were measured of the operated and contralateral hips.

Results:

Femoral offset was restored to ±10 mm in 108 cases (82%), modified-global offset was restored ±10 mm in 93 cases (71%) and leg length was restored to ±10 mm in 102 cases (81%). There were 4 dislocations with a mean follow-up period of 38 months.

Conclusions:

Restoration of hip biomechanics is achievable with a monoblock stem and thus is a viable option in revision hip arthroplasty.
Immunohistochemical Detection and Prognostic Significance of p53, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Murine Double Minute 2, and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Adnan , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad , Enam Syed Ather , Ahmad Zubair , Adnan Yumna , Farooqui Hasnain Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cranial tumors occurring in adults. Various biomarkers have been tested for their significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GBM. Some well-studied markers in GBM are Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and p53. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of these markers in GBM patients of Pakistan.

Methods:

A total of 102 surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients diagnosed and treated at Aga Khan University Hospital were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IDH1, MDM2, EGFR, and p53 was performed using Dako EnVision System and respective monoclonal antibodies. Survival analysis was performed to check association of markers protein expression with prognosis in GBM patients.

Results:

There were 73 males and 29 females in this study, with a median age of 49 years at the time diagnosis. Overexpression of molecular markers was as follows: 52% for EGFR, 26% for p53, 72% for IDH1, and 83% for MDM2. We did observe that EGFR was significantly associated with increased age of our patients and with worse survival. Age > 40 years was a predictor for worse prognosis as well.

Conclusion:

EGFR overexpression and advanced age were worse prognostic indicators.
Likelihood ratios in psychological expert opinion, and their reception by professional judges
Authors: Rassin Eric , Arbiyah Nurul , Boskovic Irena , Otgaar Henry , Merckelbach Harald
Published: August 2022

In various countries, forensic scientists have begun to express their expert opinion in terms of the likelihood of observing the evidence under the primary and under an alternative hypothesis (i.e. the likelihood-ratio approach). This development is often confined to technical domains such as fingerprint analyses. In forensic psychological expertise, likelihood ratios are largely absent. In this contribution, we explain how forensic psychologists can employ likelihood ratios, and we describe two illustrating cases. We also present two studies in which we examined how (Dutch) professional judges appreciate psychological expertise framed in likelihood ratios. Findings suggest that judges ( N = 39) appreciate a fictitious expert witness report framed in likelihood-ratios similarly to an opinion framed one-dimensionally. Judges’ ( N = 79) understanding of a psychological expert opinion framed in likelihood ratios was satisfactory as measured by self-report and an actual test We conclude that, as is custom in forensic technical domains, psychological expert opinion can be expressed in likelihoods. Two of the hypothesised flipsides, namely, lawyers’ dislike of likelihoods, and their lack of proper understanding, may be surmountable.
Curating new ethnicities in a digital era: Women and media work in the British South Asian diaspora
Authors: Punathambekar Aswin , Giese Julia , Bisht Diwas
Published: August 2022

This article analyses the unfolding impact of social media platforms on the politics of race, ethnicity, and gender in the UK. Revisiting Stuart Hall's foundational work on ‘new ethnicities’ and building on recent critiques of anti-racist struggles premised on mainstream media visibility and recognition, we explore how British South Asian women are navigating opportunities opened up by the digitalization of media industries. First, we examine how an interlocking set of shifts involving social media, techniques of self-making, and media industry logics has sparked the curation of ethnicities that challenge dominant ideas of Britishness and cultural citizenship. We then show that their success hinges on performing two forms of labour: crafting brand-ready representations that satisfy the media industries’ diversity mandates and, at the same time, subsuming their religious and ethnic identities into a picture of entrepreneurial womanhood that resonates with the logics of popular feminism.
A sociology of regret
Authors: Sokolov Mikhail
Published: August 2022

This article aims to present regret, an emotion to which sociologists so far have paid little attention, as having great sociological significance. First, it reviews recent research in social psychology and economics which cast anticipated regret as playing a major role in human decision-making. Second, it suggests a regret-based interpretation of the sunk-cost fallacy. Such an interpretation points to the need of a specifically sociological perspective on regret, calling attention to the cultural and institutional framings of regret-arousing events. The article further argues that secular changes in the types of regret imposed on individuals are paralleled by the spread of various forms of coping with it and that anticipated regret is responsible for both commitment to a chosen life-course and for sudden changes in it. The article ends with discussing the relationship between instrumental and moral regret, as well as the general implications of regret as a phenomenon for sociological understanding of rationality and human action.
Model parameter estimations of the multi-channel turbulence response from flutter flight tests based on autoregressive spectra
Authors: Duan Shiqiang , Zheng Hua
Published: August 2022

Signal processing of flutter flight test data enables verification of aircraft flutter design, and the signal from a flutter flight test excited by atmospheric turbulence is a particularly important form of the flutter test. Owing to the randomness of atmospheric turbulence excitation, multi-channel analysis of turbulence responses at various positions in the same component can improve the analytical accuracy of flutter signal processing. The relationship between the maximum singular value of the multi-channel turbulence response power spectral density matrix and the system self-power spectral density function is elucidated herein using a frequency domain decomposition method. However, there is a contradiction in the power spectral density function between the spectral line density and the spectral line smoothing calculated based on the periodogram of the frequency domain decomposition. By applying an autoregressive spectral model, the power spectral density function of the turbulence response is calculated to achieve spectral line smoothing and sufficient spectral line density. Additionally, the power spectral density function is then used to construct the power spectral density function matrix of the multi-channel turbulence response, and the maximum singular value curve is calculated based on the singular value decomposition of each spectral pin. Finally, the modal parameters of the turbulence response signal are estimated via multi-modal frequency domain fitting. The developed approach is validated based on simulations and flutter flight test turbulence response signals.
Policing along the spectrum: Reducing risk and improving service delivery
Authors: Leydier Thomas B
Published: August 2022

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex life-long neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social skills, language, learning, cognitive function, physical abilities, and behavior. Moreover, autism is becoming increasingly prevalent in Canada and abroad. Inevitably, law enforcement professionals will interact with the autistic population in their duties; however, many exchanges produce poor outcomes. Physical restraint is often used, and the benefit of autism-trained Crisis Intervention Teams is underutilized, especially in Canada. In addition, current training outcomes for law enforcement professionals are ephemeral and unlikely to yield mastery. This article argues three antidotes to improve service delivery and reduce risk: Crisis Intervention Teams that incorporate autism training; methodologically sound and rigorously evaluated practical training; and community outreach, which creates relationships proactively and fosters trust. Future research should: analyze the outcomes of autistic-trained Crisis Intervention Teams; determine qualitatively what the population with autism and their stakeholders seek in a comprehensive training curriculum; and determine the success of nascent training courses and community outreach goals.
Cynical Nonpartisans: The Role of Misinformation in Political Cynicism During the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Jones-Jang S Mo
Published: August 2022

The literature on misinformation has not provided sufficient empirical evidence concerning its political consequences. To amend this trend, this study examines how widespread misinformation on social media elevates political cynicism, which has peaked over the past decade in the United States. Using two-wave survey data collected both before and after the 2020 US presidential election, we present evidence that social media use triggers political cynicism, which is mediated through exposure to misinformation. In addition, the results reveal that the mediating relationship only holds among nonpartisans. Implications for democracy are also discussed.
Probing the scientific evidence base of the Plant Protection Regulation
Authors: Jennings Rhoda
Published: August 2022

The appeal taken by Bayer CropScience AG in Bayer CropScience AG v European Commission 1 probes the precautionary decision-making procedure employed in the regulation of pesticides in the European Union. Scientific data has a central role in the procedure. The decision of the Court of Justice suggests that an expansive approach to the source and type of scientific data is appropriate. Such a broad approach, however, can result in uncertainty with regards to the data to be relied upon and also raises questions over how such broad parameters can be translated into a practical and applied methodology to pesticide management.
Deep-sea mining and the potential environmental cost of ‘going green’ in the Pacific
Authors: Farran Sue
Published: August 2022

Addressing global warming by reducing carbon emissions is recognised as a necessary step to try and ensure the survival of the planet. Integral to this it is essential that those who have contributed most to global warming undertake fundamental changes in the way their economies and societies operate. Among the numerous solutions proposed is a reduction in fossil fuels, especially in transport systems. This includes moving away from vehicles dependent on diesel and petrol to electric vehicles. This apparently ‘green’ solution may come at a grave environmental cost however, especially in those parts of the world already vulnerable to climate change. This is because the metals required to make electric vehicle batteries – and to store renewable energy supplies, can be found in the deep seas. Mining them presents a solution to a current need but risks future environmental disaster especially for island states adjacent to these seas. One such area under threat is the Pacific.
More than monsters: Penal imaginaries and the specter of the dangerous sex offender
Authors: Werth Robert
Published: August 2022

Drawing from ethnographic data, this article examines parole personnel's imaginaries of dangerous sex offenders: individuals perceived as especially aberrant, predatory and irredeemable. While the dangerous sex offender is perceived as a monster, this article contends that we also need to attend to the spectral characteristics ascribed to this subject. For parole personnel, the dangerous sex offender is a monster, but this is a monster that haunts; a monster that represents a spectral figure. The spectrality of this figure manifests in two overlapping ways. First, parole personnel perceive the dangerous sex offender – as a person – as a ghostly figure: a mobile, roving, nearly omnipresent individual that is difficult to locate or contain. Second, they perceive the threat posed by this subject – the commission of future sex crimes – as a pervasive absent presence. Even when it is not occurring, recidivism is imagined as an emergent, already unfolding event. In this way, dangerous sex offenders and their presumptive reoffending represent haunting figures that trouble the distinctions between absence/presence, visible/invisible and knowable/unknowable. Through tracing the convergence of monstrosity and spectrality, this article shows how parole personnel's imaginaries undergird the extremely exclusionary ways that they govern dangerous sex offenders.
Separated by spaces: Undergraduate students re-sort along attitude divides when choosing whether to learn in spaces designed for active learning
Authors: Ralph Michael C. , Schneider Blair , Benson David R , Ward Douglas
Published: August 2022

Institutions of higher education are seeking to support more active learning among faculty, and that support includes the creation of active learning spaces to support more student-centered course activities. However, incremental development of these learning spaces leads to a sorting of students between active and passive learning environments. This study collected repeat-measure data from undergraduate students enrolled in a two-semester course sequence to evaluate factors affecting student enrollment decisions and student attitudes toward learning. We integrated this combination of research tools using a QuantCrit analytic framework, which revealed student attitudes and decision-making processes that were generally stable over the study period for individuals, but very different when examining student enrollment groups over time. Limited access to active learning classrooms forced students to self-sort based on either their social networks or their attitudes toward learning. That, in turn, may create a marginalizing force that pushes out some students—most often women—from undergraduate programs.