bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary breast lymphoma mimicking triple-negative breast cancer: a case report with clinical and pathological implications
Authors: Sawano Toyoaki , Wada Masahiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Hashiguchi Akinori , Hirooka Shinichi , Tanimoto Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

Background

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma, the diagnostic process for which presents significant challenges owing to an overlap in clinical and pathological features with those observed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the current literature reveals a paucity of information regarding the ramifications of potential diagnostic errors, particularly in the context of emergent therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Thus, we present a unique report of a case of PBL.

Case presentation

A 76-year-old female with no past medical or family history presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of a mass in the right breast. Two masses were palpated in the right breast: one 56 mm mass (No. 1) located at 10 o'clock, and a 21 mm large, elastic, hard mass (No. 2) at 4 o'clock. Needle biopsy was performed only on the larger 56 mm mass (No. 1). The results showed invasive carcinoma that was negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. The preoperative diagnosis was right breast cancer (T3N0M0 Stage IIB) of the TNBC subtype. The patient refused the preoperative chemotherapy recommended by the treatment team; therefore, right breast mastectomy and sentinel lymph-node biopsy were performed instead. The histopathological diagnosis of the first mass was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); that of the second mass (No. 2) was an invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Postoperative treatment consisted of endocrine therapy (letrozole) for breast cancer, while the DLBCL was treated with chemotherapy and three courses of intrathecal chemotherapy. At the time of this report, the patient is still living, and neither tumor had recurred in the 2 years following surgery.

Conclusions

On rare occasions, PBL can preoperatively mimic TNBC. While this case did not lead to serious consequences, because surgery was eventually selected as the first therapy, clinicians should be aware that the diagnosis of PBL is challenging using only a core-needle biopsy and can often be misdiagnosed as TNBC.
Language teachers’ emotions in online classrooms: Relations among teachers’ appraisals of classroom events, emotional responses, and instructional practices
Authors: Xu Luyao , Liu Xiaohua , Xiao Yangyu
Published: October 2024

Drawing upon Frenzel’s (2014) framework of appraisals, the current study explored language teachers’ emotional experiences and their antecedents in the online teaching context. Moreover, the interrelations between teachers’ emotions and their instructional practices were also investigated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven language teachers from a top-tier international university in China. Our findings revealed that positive appraisals of online classroom events, including goal attainment, the capacity in and responsibility of effectively delivering lessons online, and the importance teachers attached to online teaching, tended to result in positive emotional experiences, which consequently led to motivational stimulations in more creative and productive instructional practices. By contrast, teachers who had negative appraisals of online teaching events tended to experience more unpleasant emotions and emotional vulnerability, which would possibly impede effective instructional practices and steer their teaching towards more traditional teaching methods. Our study contributes to the understanding of the relations among teachers’ appraisals of classroom events, emotional experiences, and instructional practices in online language classrooms. Implications for how to prepare teachers emotionally for online teaching are also discussed.
Split MutT prevents the mutator phenotype of mutT-deficient Escherichia coli
Authors: Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Background

The Escherichia coli MutT (NudA) protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of an oxidized form of dGTP, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-dGTP (8-hydroxy-dGTP), and the spontaneous mutation frequency is elevated in E. coli cells deficient in the mutT gene.

Results

A split MutT, comprising the N-terminal (residues 1–95) and C-terminal (residues 96–129) peptides, was designed based on the known tertiary structure and linker insertion mutagenesis experiments. The mutator phenotype was complemented when the two peptides were separately expressed in mutT E. coli cells.

Conclusions

These results indicated that this split MutT functions as a nucleotide pool sanitization enzyme in vivo.
Accuracy of pelvic bone segmentation for 3d printing: a study of segmentation accuracy based on anatomic landmarks to evaluate the influence of the observer
Authors: Juergensen Lukas , Rischen Robert , Toennemann Max , Gosheger Georg , Gehweiler Dominic , Schulze Martin
Published: October 2024

Background

3D printing has a wide range of applications and has brought significant change to many medical fields. However, ensuring quality assurance (QA) is essential for patient safety and requires a QA program that encompasses the entire production process. This process begins with imaging and continues on with segmentation, which is the conversion of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data into virtual 3D-models. Since segmentation is highly influenced by manual intervention the influence of the users background on segmentation accuracy should be thoroughly investigated.

Methods

Seventeen computed tomography (CT) scans of the pelvis with physiological bony structures were identified, anonymized, exported as DICOM data sets, and pelvic bones were segmented by four observers with different backgrounds. Landmarks were measured on DICOM images and in the segmentations. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess inter-observer agreement, and the trueness of the segmentation results was analyzed by comparing the DICOM landmark measurements with the measurements of the segmentation results. The correlation between segmentation trueness and segmentation time was analyzed.

Results

The lower limits of the 95% confidence intervals of the ICCs for the seven landmarks analyzed ranged from 0.511 to 0.986. The distance between the iliac crests showed the highest agreement between observers, while the distance between the ischial tuberosities showed the lowest. The distance between the upper edge of the symphysis and the promontory showed the lowest deviation between DICOM measurements and segmentation measurements (mean deviations < 1 mm), while the intertuberous distance showed the highest deviation (mean deviations 14.5—18.2 mm).

Conclusions

Investigators with diverse backgrounds in segmentation and varying experience with slice images achieved pelvic bone segmentations with landmark measurements of mostly high agreement in a setup with high realism. In contrast, high variability was observed in the segmentation of the coccyx. In general, interobserver agreement was high, but due to measurement inaccuracies, landmark-based approaches cannot conclusively show that segmentation accuracy is within a clinically tolerable range of 2 mm for the pelvis. If the segmentation is performed by a very inexperienced user, the result should be reviewed critically by the clinician in charge.
Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment in measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift and non-shift workers
Authors: Monnaatsie Malebogo , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous studies assessing shift workers’ behaviours have mainly used self-report recall questionnaires, however these measures don’t always account for variations in work schedules. Alternative methods that allow for real-time assessments tailored to capture variations in work patterns might provide more accurate measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), which provides real-time evaluations of PA and SB in shift workers. A secondary aim was to compare shift workers and non-shift worker responses.

Methods

Participants (n = 120; 58% female, mean Mage=36.0), included 69 shift workers and 51 non-shift workers. After downloading the EMA app, shift workers received either interval-contingent tailored (SW-T) or standardized EMA prompts (SW-S) over 7–10 days, while non-shift workers received standardized prompts (NSW-S) for seven days. Prompts were scheduled five times daily, every three hours. The EMA survey asked participants to report their current activity, including type, duration, and location of physical activity and sitting. Feasibility was assessed by analysing recruitment, retention, and compliance rates (EMA surveys completed) across SW-T, SW-S, and NSW-S groups.

Results

Approximately 78% of invited workers enrolled, and all enrolled workers completed at least one prompt on 4 out 7 days in the NSW-S and 7 out of 10 days in the SW group. Workers who chose not to participate reported unwillingness to travel for meetings (n = 14), while others did not respond (n = 20). Participants completed an average of 24 surveys per day, each one taking less than 30 s to complete. Overall, 64% of EMA surveys were started and completed. SW-S completed the least prompts (57%), while SW-T and NSW-S completed 64% and 68%, respectively (p = 0.90). On average, workers missed 36% EMA surveys which was similar for SW and NSW (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study represents one of the few studies that has used EMA in the shift work population with adaptation to shift schedules. The findings showed a modest compliance to EMA. Strategies are needed to enhance compliance rates. However, EMA shows promise for capturing real-time behaviours in shift workers’ natural work environments.
Predictors and shared traits of longevity within 1 year before death in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care: 3-year retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Chuan-Hsun , Hsieh Tsung-Cheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Research on schizophrenia and life expectancy has mainly focused on premature mortality.

Aims

This study investigates factors associated with longevity in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care and identifies shared traits among these individuals.

Method

A retrospective cross-sectional study analysing the clinical records of 138 patients with schizophrenia who died between 2015 and 2017 in a psychiatric long-term care facility was conducted. Longevity was defined by life tables drawn from the national health database. Variables were compared between longevity and control groups to determine predictors of longer lifespans. Cluster analysis was employed to identify shared traits among individuals with longevity. Causes of death by age were compared.

Results

In the long-term care setting, of the 138 participants, 45 were in the longevity group. This group had more males, lower antipsychotic doses, but more mobility issues. Significant predictors of longevity included older age at onset, longer length of stay, lower activities of daily living scores and a hypertension diagnosis. Cluster analysis revealed two patterns, suggesting that poorer health indicators did not necessarily lead to shorter lives. Fatalities caused by pneumonia were associated with a higher age, compared to those from cancer and choking.

Conclusions

Addressing modifiable risk factors enhances life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia, especially for males, while the age at onset may play a significant role. An integrated long-term care model with close monitoring and timely provision of mental and general healthcare may help extend lifespans. Further research is needed to balance long-term residential care and community-based care for elderly patients with schizophrenia.
Early-life adversity predicting the incidence of multisite chronic pain in the general population
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Dorey Jean-Michel , Laurent Bernard , Ranjbar Setareh , Marques-Vidal Pedro-Manuel , Berna Chantal , Suter Marc , Vaucher Julien , von Gunten Armin , Preisig Martin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Adverse childhood events (ACEs) have been linked to widespread chronic pain (CP) in various cross-sectional studies, mainly in clinical populations. However, the independent role of different ACEs on the development of different types of CP remains elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to prospectively assess the associations between specific types of ACEs with the development of multisite CP in a large population-based cohort.

Methods

Data stemmed from the three first follow-up evaluations of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a prospective population-based cohort study of initially 6734 participants (age range: 35–75 years). The present sample included 1537 participants with 2161 analyzable intervals (49.7% men, mean age 57.3 years). Diagnostic criteria for ACEs were elicited using semi-structured interviews and CP was assessed by self-rating questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations method analyzed the relationship between the different ACEs measured in the beginning of the interval and the risk of developing multisite CP during the follow-up. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of ACEs on multisite CP with neuropathic features.

Results

Participants with a history of parental divorce or separation had an increased risk of developing multisite CP at during follow-up in comparison to those without (RR1.98; 95% CI 1.13–3.47). A strong association was highlighted between parental divorce or separation and the risk of subsequent CP with neuropathic characteristics (RR 4.21, 95% CI 1.45–12.18).

Conclusion

These results highlight the importance of psychotherapeutic management of people experiencing parental separation to prevent CP in the future.
OPAR: A Randomized Trial of Partial Breast Irradiation in Five Fractions Once Daily for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Do-Hoon , Théberge Valerie , Parpia Sameer , Kong Iwa , Provencher Sawyna , Yassa Michael , Perera Francisco , Lavertu Sophie , Rousseau Pierre , Lee Justin , Karam Irene , Schneider Kenneth , Levine Mark N. , Whelan Timothy J. ,   on behalf of the OPAR Study Investigators, Stevens Christiaan , Rachakonda Ramana , Hijal Tarek
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Previous studies suggest that external-beam partial breast irradiation (PBI) delivered twice a day can lead to increased adverse cosmesis (AC). The objective of our trial was to determine whether two regimens for PBI given once daily over 1 week resulted in acceptable AC to inform a phase III trial.

METHODS

Patients age ≥50 years with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ, ≤3 cm in size treated by lumpectomy with negative axillary nodes were randomly assigned to external-beam PBI of 30 Gy or 27.5 Gy, each given in five fractions once daily. The primary outcome was AC (fair or poor) by photographic assessment at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included AC assessed by nurse at 2 years, by patient self-assessment at 3 years, and late toxicity. On the basis of a 17% risk of AC with whole-breast irradiation, the upper bound of a two-sided 90% CI, 23% was set as the tolerance margin (OPAR, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT02637024
).

RESULTS

In total, 142 patients were randomly assigned to 30 Gy and 139 to 27.5 Gy. The median follow-up was 5 years. The mean age was 65 years, and the mean tumor size was 1.2 cm. Both schedules met acceptability criteria by photographic assessment (AC, 12.1% [90% CI, 8.2 to 17.6] for 30 Gy and 15.2% [90% CI, 10.8 to 21.1] for 27.5 Gy) and by nurse assessment. AC by patient self-assessment exceeded the 90% CI for the 30 Gy regimen. At 5 years, 16 (11.3%, 90% CI, 7.6 to 16.4) patients treated with 30 Gy and eight (5.8%, 90% CI, 3.3 to 9.9) patients treated with 27.5 Gy were observed to have grade 2 or more late toxicity.

CONCLUSION

According to the study design, 30 Gy and 27.5 Gy resulted in acceptable cosmetic outcomes. In light of recent studies, a lower dose was chosen for the phase III trial.
Advancements in Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Techniques with Emphasis on Hot-Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Alshammari Nouf D. , Elkanayati Rasha , Vemula Sateesh Kumar , Al Shawakri Esraa , Uttreja Prateek , Almutairi Mashan , Repka Michael A.
Published: October 2024

This review investigates the progression and effectiveness of colon-targeted drug delivery systems, offering a comprehensive understanding of the colon's anatomy and physiological environment. Recognizing the distinctive features of the colon is crucial for successfully formulating oral dosage forms that precisely target specific areas in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) while minimizing side effects through mitigating off-target sites. This understanding forms the basis for designing effective targeted drug delivery systems. The article extensively examines diverse approaches to formulating drugs for colonic targeting, highlighting key polymers and excipients in their production. Special emphasis is given to innovative approaches such as hot-melt extrusion (HME) and three-dimensional printing (3D-P), renowned for their accuracy in drug release kinetics and intricate dosage form geometry. However, challenges arise regarding material standardization and the complex network of regulatory clearances required to confirm safety and effectiveness. The review provides insights into each application’s advantages and potential challenges. Furthermore, it sheds light on the local diseases that necessitate colon targeting and the available marketed products, providing an overview of the current state of colon-targeted drug delivery systems. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of testing drugs in a controlled in vitro environment during the development phase. It also discusses the future directions for successful development in this field. By integrating knowledge across anatomy, formulation techniques, and assessment methodologies, this review is a valuable resource for researchers navigating the dynamic field of colonic drug delivery.

Graphical Abstract
The Effects of the AGE Inhibitor Pyridoxamine on Bone in Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Brossfield Aiden V , McMahon Donald J , Fernando Jason , Omeragic Beatriz , Majeed Rukshana , Agarwal Sanchita , Sroga Grazyna E , Wang Bowen , Vashishth Deepak , Rubin Mishaela R
Published: October 2024

Context

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have reduced bone turnover and increased fractures. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) impair osteoblasts and are implicated in diabetic fractures. Pyridoxamine (PM) is a vitamin B6 metabolite that inhibits formation of AGEs.

Objective

We hypothesized that PM treatment in older patients with T2D, by inhibiting AGEs, would increase bone formation.

Methods

This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial at an academic center. Older women with T2D were included (n = 55). Oral PM 200 mg twice daily for 1 year was given. The primary outcome was the change in the bone formation marker P1NP. Other outcomes were changes in bone resorption, bone mineral density (BMD), HbA1c, and skin autofluorescence (SAF), and in a bone biopsy subgroup, the correlation between bone fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs) and SAF.

Results

P1NP increased 23.0% with PM (95% CI 9, 37; within group P = .028) vs 4.1% with placebo (−9, 17; within group P = .576; between groups P = .056). BMD increased at the femoral neck (PM 2.6 ± 5% vs placebo −0.9 ± 4%; between groups P = .007). Bone resorption markers and SAF did not change. HbA1c decreased (PM −0.38 ± 0.7% vs placebo 0.05 ± 1.7%; between groups P = .04). Within the PM group, the HbA1c change correlated inversely with the % P1NP change (r = −0.50, P = .034). Cortical bone biopsy fAGEs correlated with SAF (r = 0.86, P = .001). Adverse events were similar between groups.

Conclusion

PM tended to increase P1NP in older women with T2D, as well as increasing bone density and reducing HbA1c. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of PM as a disease mechanism–directed approach to reduce fractures in T2D.
Octreotide Subcutaneous Depot for Acromegaly: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial, ACROINNOVA 1
Authors: Ferone Diego , Freda Pamela , Katznelson Laurence , Gatto Federico , Kadioğlu Pinar , Maffei Pietro , Seufert Jochen , Silverstein Julie M , Spencer-Segal Joanna L , Isaeva Elena , Dreval Alexander , Harrie Maria , Svedberg Agneta , Tiberg Fredrik
Published: October 2024

Context

Acromegaly, characterized by excessive GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), impacts quality of life (QoL) and mortality. Standard of care (SoC; octreotide long-acting repeatable or lanreotide autogel) treatment typically requires healthcare provider administration. CAM2029, a novel subcutaneous octreotide depot with increased bioavailability using FluidCrystal technology, enables self-administration and room-temperature storage.

Objective

Assess superiority of CAM2029 vs placebo for biochemical control in patients with controlled acromegaly.

Design

24-week, multinational, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (NCT04076462).

Setting

45 sites; 10 countries.

Patients

72 patients on SoC with biochemical control at screening [IGF-1 ≤upper limit of normal (ULN); mean GH <2.5 μg/L].

Interventions

Patients were randomized 2:1 to once-monthly CAM2029 (n = 48) or placebo (n = 24).

Main Outcome Measures

The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with IGF-1 ≤ULN (week 22/24 mean), with dose-reduced patients classified as nonresponders; first key secondary endpoint was the same, including dose-reduced responders. The second key secondary endpoint was proportion of patients with IGF-1 ≤ULN (week 22/24) and mean GH <2.5 μg/L (week 24).

Results

At week 22/24 (intention-to-treat analysis), CAM2029-treated patients demonstrated superior response rates vs placebo for IGF-1 (72.2% vs 37.5%; risk difference: 34.6, 95% confidence interval: 11.3, 57.9; P = .0018) and combined IGF-1/GH (70.0% vs 37.5%; P = .0035). CAM2029-treated patients had well-controlled symptoms, improved QoL, and treatment satisfaction vs placebo and baseline. CAM2029 was well tolerated; safety was consistent with SoC.

Conclusion

CAM2029 provides a convenient and effective treatment option for acromegaly, with superior biochemical control vs placebo. Symptom control, QoL, and satisfaction were improved from baseline SoC.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT04076462 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Roles of Growth Hormone–Dependent JAK-STAT5 and Lyn Kinase Signaling in Determining Lifespan and Cancer Incidence
Authors: Chhabra Yash , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Brooks Tania Louise , Brooks Andrew James , Waters Michael J
Published: October 2024

In rodents, loss of growth hormone (GH) or its receptor is associated with extended lifespan. We aimed to determine the signaling process resulting in this longevity using GH receptor (GHR)-mutant mice with key signaling pathways deleted and correlate this with cancer incidence and expression of genes associated with longevity. GHR uses both canonical janus kinase (JAK)2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling as well as signaling via the LYN-ERK1/2 pathway. We used C57BL/6 mice with loss of key receptor tyrosines and truncation resulting in 1) loss of most STAT5 response to GH; 2) total inability to generate STAT5 to GH; 3) loss of Box1 to prevent activation of JAK2 but not LYN kinase; or 4) total knockout of the receptor. For each mutant we analyzed lifespan, histopathology to determine likely cause of death, and hepatic gene and protein expression. The extended lifespan is evident in the Box1-mutant males (retains Lyn activation), which have a median lifespan of 1016 days compared to 890 days for the Ghr−/− males. In the females, GhrBox1−/− mice have a median lifespan of 970 days compared to 911 days for the knockout females. Sexually dimorphic GHR-STAT5 is repressive for longevity, since its removal results in a median lifespan of 1003 days in females compared to 734 days for wild-type females. Numerous transcripts related to insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress response, and mitochondrial function are regulated by GHR-STAT5; however, LYN-responsive genes involve DNA repair, cell cycle control, and anti-inflammatory response. There appears to be a yin-yang relationship between JAK2 and LYN that determines lifespan.
Perceived Cognitive Function in Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Sherry Natalie , Eagle Shawn R. , Henry Luke C. , Appleton Hannah , González Martínez Jorge A. , Friedlander Robert M. , Okonkwo David O. , Zinn Pascal O.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

This study explores perceived cognitive function in preoperative cranial neurosurgical patients and its association with neuropsychological testing (NPT).

METHODS:

A total of 96 patients were referred for NPT by neurosurgical service. Patients completed the Neuro-QoL Item Bank v2.0-Cognitive Function—Short Form (Neuro-QoL) to measure perceived cognitive function, as well as NPT. Linear regression (LR) models were analyzed for demographic variables (ie, age, sex, handedness, educational attainment, employment/academic status, candidacy vs baseline testing, and history of neurological, mental health, and developmental conditions) and NPT outcomes (ie, intellectual estimation, attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, learning/memory, language, visual-spatial, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms). Significant predictors from the LR models were then combined into a single model to identify the most robust predictors of perceived cognitive function.

RESULTS:

Patients were aged 17 to 79 years (M = 49.64, SD = 18.56) and comprised 45 men and 51 women. The most common referrals for NPT were related to intracranial mass (39%), Chiari malformation type 1 (33%), and deep brain stimulation (20%). Results of the final LR model indicated mental health and developmental history, as well as elevated anxiety symptoms, significantly predicted 50.7% of the variance in perceived cognitive function (F = 30.91, P < .001). Patients referred to determine surgical candidacy reported significantly fewer cognitive complaints (P < .001) vs those referred for baseline testing by approximately 0.5 SDs.

CONCLUSION:

Perceived cognitive function in neurosurgical patients appears to be strongly predicted by demographic factors, with mental health variables being robust predictors. Perceived cognition is not a proxy for measured cognitive function.
Headache and Visual Aura Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Occipital Lobe Arteriovenous Malformations: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Koizumi Satoshi , Katano Atsuto , Saito Nobuhito
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) sometimes experience migraine-like chronic headaches. Reportedly, this symptom is common in occipital lobe BAVMs; however, the exact prevalence has not been clarified, and the details of visual auras have been scarcely reported. Furthermore, no comprehensive studies exist on the improvement of migraine associated with visual auras in occipital lobe BAVMs after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of headache with visual aura in patients with occipital lobe BAVMs and evaluated the impact of SRS on preexisting symptoms.

METHODS:

As a single-center retrospective cohort study, a total of 104 patients with occipital lobe BAVMs treated with SRS from 1990 to 2024 were analyzed. Pre-SRS and post-SRS symptoms of headache and visual aura were documented. The outcomes measured were headache severity, frequency, aura characteristics, and BAVM obliteration rates.

RESULTS:

Of the 104 patients, 41 (39%) reported chronic headache pre-SRS, and 37 (36%) experienced migraine with visual aura. Compared with pre-SRS, 90% (28/31) of the patients experienced a >50% reduction in headache severity and frequency at a median follow-up of 11 months, and 89% (25/28) experienced a >50% reduction in aura frequency. Complete headache remission was achieved in 35% (13/31) of patients. Complete obliteration of BAVMs was confirmed in 75% (76/102) of the patients at a median of 33 months. A smaller nidus volume was associated with both complete headache remission and BAVM obliteration, whereas age and sex were not significant predictors of headache outcome.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with occipital lobe BAVMs frequently experience migraine-like headaches with visual aura, which may be more prevalent than in the general population. SRS for occipital lobe BAVMs could not only achieve favorable BAVM obliteration with minimal adverse effects but also significantly improve migraine-like symptoms, including visual aura, particularly in patients with smaller nidus volumes.
Management of Pulmonary Mucormycosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fadelelmoula Tarig , Ayyalil Navas , Doreswamy Nandini
Published: October 2024

Background Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) and pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) are the most common presentations. This systematic review focuses on the management of PM. Although the mortality from PM has improved over the last few decades, it is still high, at 49.8% (Muthu, Agarwal, et al., 2021). Objective The objective is to identify and map the management of PM. Design This review is designed for knowledge synthesis, with a systematic approach to identifying, synthesizing, and mapping treatment protocols for the management of PM. Methods This systematic review provides a clear, reproducible methodology. It is reported in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Inclusion criteria were defined: peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2018 to 2023 relating to treatment protocols for PM, where the full text of the article was available. Exclusion criteria were also defined - articles that focus on limited treatment regimens, such as the use of amphotericin B only, or topics not relevant to the research question, such as fungal infections and pulmonary diseases unrelated to mucormycosis. Results The results span six years, from 2018 to 2023, with 355 articles identified. After removing duplicates, 227 papers remained. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, with 202 articles excluded as a result. The remaining 19 articles were deemed relevant. In addition, seven relevant articles were identified via citation tracking and two articles identified by hand search. Thus, a total of 28 articles thus reviewed. The management of PM was mapped in tabular and diagrammatic form. Conclusion The results indicate that early diagnosis, early and aggressive surgery, and effective antifungals may improve survival. There is a shift away from using Am-B and a clear preference for L-AmB as a first-line antifungal. Posaconazole and Isavuconazole are the drugs of choice for stepdown, maintenance, and salvage therapy, and as alternative therapies. The control of co-morbidities is a crucial aspect of treatment. Cytokines and hyperbaric oxygen may be beneficial. The therapeutic value of iron chelators, zinc, and nebulized amphotericin B (NAB) merit further study.
Three species of the Cladonia pyxidata-chlorophaea complex new to Latvia
Authors: Krugļikova Aleksandra , Moisejevs Rolands , Piterāns Alfons
Published: October 2024

The study of the Cladonia pyxidata-chlorophaea complex in Latvia is based on the revision of 276 specimens from the two largest lichen herbarium collections in Latvia. Nine species belonging to the Cladonia pyxidata-chlorophaea complex were determined using TLC and morphological studies – C. chlorophaea, C. cryptochlorophaea, C. fimbriata, C. grayi, C. humilis, C. merochlorophaea, C. novochlorophaea, C. pocillum and C. pyxidata. Of these, three species are reported as new to Latvia – C. cryptochlorophaea, C. merochlorophaea, and C. novochlorophaea. Information regarding the morphology, secondary chemistry, ecology, and localities of the newly reported species is provided.
Komunikowanie dziedzictwa kulturowego
Authors: Korporowicz Leszek
Published: October 2024

COMMUNICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE The globalisation processes of the modern world are far from the predictions and forecasts made in the last decades of the last century. Unification processes have engulfed the world of technique and technology, management, natural sciences and information technology, but the world of culture, symbolic values and modes of communication has moved in a completely different direction. The phenomena of deterritorialisation, social mobility, virtualisation and hybridisation of content and ethnic identities under the conditions of a new media civilisation have resulted in an unprecedented increase in their use and expansion of the infrastuctural framework of social interaction at every possible level and area. Firstly, the extent of these interactions is changing, and secondly, their frequency. Thirdly, the pace at which they take place is changing and is being greatly accelerated with the technical possibilities of their organisation. Fourthly, their diversity is increasing, encompassing interactions that run through different cultures and environments. Fifthly, new competences, especially information and communication competences, which are a requirement but also a result of the development of new media, which on the one hand broaden, but on the other depend on the technical and technological component of interaction, are becoming an important factor of interaction. In a situation of increasing diversity, the ability to share, understand but also preserve the rights of creative development of cultures in the processes of continuous interaction of individual communities is perhaps the most important challenge of modern times. In practice, it boils down to the ability to communicate cultural heritage.
INTERAÇÃO NÃO-VERBAL E O ENVOLVIMENTO VISUAL DOS ESTUDANTES NAS AULAS DE MATEMÁTICA: UM ESTUDO DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO NA COMUNICAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA
Authors:   Facultad de Educación, Universitat de Barcelona, Breda Adriana , Farsani Danyal ,   Facultad de Educación, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sala-Sebastià Gemma ,   Facultad de Educación, Universitat de Barcelona
Published: October 2024

Este estudo objetiva examinar com que distância específica os alunos estão visualmente mais ou menos envolvidos com o professor nas aulas de matemática. Também busca analisar em que medida, as instruções feitas pelo professor, através de gestos de apontar, afetam o envolvimento visual dos alunos nas aulas dessa disciplina. Para isso foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, 50 alunos, 25 alunos do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino, os quais, usavam uma minicâmara acoplada em óculos de lente que gravou 75 horas de videoaula. Os resultados mostram que os alunos estão mais envolvidos visualmente com as instruções do professor a uma proxêmica de 1,20 a 3,70 metros. Além disso, relata-se diferenças entre meninos e meninas e como eles estão visualmente envolvidos nas aulas de matemática. Por fim, conclui-se que os gestos de apontar realizados pelos professores podem servir como uma ferramenta para recuperar a atenção visual dos alunos.
Smart Parcel Consolidation at Cainiao
Authors: Chen Yujie , Yuan Biao , Zhou Yinzhi , Chen Yuwei , Hu Haoyuan
Published: October 2024

Propose a novel business model for parcel fulfillment that benefits all stakeholders. Develop three analytics methods to support the business model.
Capturing the Benefits of Autonomous Vehicles in Ride Hailing: The Role of Market Configuration
Authors: Lian Zhen , van Ryzin Garrett
Published: October 2024

We develop an economic model of autonomous vehicle (AV) ride-hailing markets, in which uncertain aggregate demand is served with a combination of a fixed fleet of AVs and a flexible pool of human drivers (HVs). Dispatch efficiencies increase with scale because of density effects. We analyze market outcomes in this setting under four market configurations, defined by two dispatch platform structures (common platform versus independent platforms) and two levels of supply competition (monopoly AV versus competitive AV). A key result of our analysis is that the lower cost of AVs does not necessarily translate into lower prices; the price impact of AVs is ambiguous and depends critically on both the dispatch platform structure and the level of AV supply competition. In the extreme case, we show that if AVs and HVs operate on independent dispatch platforms, there is a monopoly AV supplier, and labor supply elasticity is sufficiently high, then prices are even higher than in a pure-HV market. Indeed, to guarantee consistently lower prices (relative to a pure HV market) in all scenarios and under all supply and density elasticities, a common dispatch platform between AVs and HVs is required. Furthermore, competitive AVs lead to lower prices than monopoly AVs in every such scenario. Our results illustrate the critical role that market configuration plays in realizing potential welfare gains from AVs.

This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.03112 .
devir-violão: um desafio (à filosofia e à educação) da infância
Authors: Barreira vicente santos Fulvio , Miranda de paiva Jair
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca ressoar um percurso de sensibilização vivido por um professor que descobre a força desestabilizadora e inspiradora da infância das crianças durante as aulas de filosofia. Ao investigar a (im)possibilidade das crianças fazerem filosofia, vemos semelhanças com a experiência de tocar violão, o qual transformamos em um personagem conceitual para nos ajudar a (re)pensar o ensino de filosofia para crianças. Ensaiamos, neste texto, formas de explorar os sentidos que se desprendem de experiências vividas entre a infância e a filosofia a partir de encontros vividos em salas de aula, para encontrarmos/criarmos possibilidades de alimentarmos essa investigação ao invés de pôr fim a ela. Um exercício que nos possibilita encontrar/construir formas mais acolhedoras, sensíveis e inventivas de fazer, viver e habitar a educação entre a infância e a filosofia na escola. Deparamo-nos, assim, com ideia (conceito-corpo) de devir-violão, a qual trabalhamos a partir dos encontros com Gilles Deleuze e Jean-Luc Nancy. Vida. É disso que se trata este texto; e pesquisa, pois, no que diz respeito à educação, essas duas coisas se confundem, acontecem juntas, co-partilham percursos, são inseparáveis; do mesmo modo que não podemos separar o som do arrepio que causam em nossa pele. O texto é, antes de tudo, um convite a nos colocarmos à escuta daquilo que nos toca, não para explicar ou fundamentar nossas práticas, mas sim para descobrir e inventar sentidos: ser em-com-outros, entre educação, filosofia, infâncias e escolas.
Rotas comerciais e o negócio nos sertões:
Authors: De Nazaré Lopes Siméia
Published: October 2024

O comércio fluvial nos sertões do Estado do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro mobilizou a atenção das autoridades políticas e de negociantes com o objetivo de ampliar a circulação dos gêneros do sertão e garantir o controle sobre as fronteiras da região. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar as propostas econômicas de integração territorial das capitanias do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro com o Oeste do Estado do Brasil e analisar as estruturas do comércio fluvial realizado na região em fins do século XVIII e início do XIX. A partir do conceito de redes comerciais, estudos acerca das conexões imperiais e a atuação de negociantes têm possibilitado levantar novas problemáticas e abordagens com base em documentos produzidos pelos agentes do comércio e pelas autoridades políticas. Isso porque esse negócio nos sertões envolvia as políticas de integração das capitanias como forma de consolidar a ocupação e a segurança do Império. Dessa empresa também participavam os negociantes da praça de Belém e de outras cidades, os quais buscavam nesse circuito mercantil os produtos naturais para serem comercializados nos portos de Belém para Portugal.
redes “transimperiais” de um “homem de negócios”:
Authors: Cupello Peixoto Rafael
Published: October 2024

Felisberto Caldeira Brant Pontes de Oliveira e Horta, futuro marquês de Barbacena no Império do Brasil, é normalmente recordado na historiografia brasileira como figura de realce na política nacional brasileira no Primeiro Reinado. Felisberto, inclusive, é um dos personagens relevantes na trama política que culminou na abdicação de D. Pedro I em 7 de abril 1831. Todavia, uma outra faceta desse personagem é amplamente desconhecida pelo público leitor: sua atuação como “homem de negócios” na Bahia na primeira metade do século XIX. O presente artigo visa esmiuçar esse papel, destacando como as redes de negócios desenvolvidas por Felisberto foram primordiais para que ele pudesse se aproximar do centro político imperial, primeiramente da Corte joanina e, posteriormente, já no Brasil independente, o levasse a se tornar um dos homens de confiança do primeiro imperador brasileiro.
Companhia Pernambucana de Navegação a Vapor:
Authors: Iglezias Motta Dourado Bruna
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho investiga a trajetória de uma empresa de navegação a vapor, a Companhia Pernambucana de Navegação a Vapor (1853-1908). A empresa sediada no Recife-PE, foi criada pelo governo imperial para promover a navegação regular a vapor, entre os portos de Maceió, em Alagoas, e Fortaleza, no Ceará. A metodologia proposta por este estudo utiliza uma ampla gama de fontes composta por decretos legislativos, relatórios ministeriais, provinciais e periódicos. O estudo da trajetória da Companhia Pernambucana de Navegação a Vapor pretende contribuir para a ampliação das pesquisas em história de empresas públicas e dos transportes no Brasil do século XIX, ao analisar aspectos econômicos, políticos, regionais e regulamentares que envolveram o desenvolvimento dos transportes e da navegação a vapor brasileira.
Traficantes, senhores de engenho e dívidas:
Authors: Maciel de Carvalho Marcus Joaquim
Published: October 2024

Este texto lida com a carreira de um traficante de escravizados que começou como caixa e mestre de um navio escravista de um dos maiores traficantes da rota para Pernambuco antes de 1831. Documentos cartoriais, notícias, sátiras nos jornais, processos judiciais e o seu pedido de moratória em 1863, permitem vislumbrar uma parte da trajetória de Gabriel Antonio no tráfico, bem como suas conexões mercantis, ascensão e atuação como senhor de engenho-traficante, uma vez que recepcionava os navios do tráfico nas praias contíguas aos seus engenhos. A observação de sua carreira ajuda ainda a entender os muitos vínculos do tráfico com a elite imperial e com a classe senhorial depois de 1831, bem como o uso de letras de câmbio pelos traficantes, que nestes casos nem sempre funcionavam apenas instrumentos de crédito para financiar as safras, por exemplo. Para os traficantes a letras serviam como um artifício jurídico para fraudar a lei, ao conferir a uma operação completamente ilegal, a venda de pessoas ilegalmente escravizadas e contrabandeadas, a aparência de um empréstimo como outro qualquer, a juros correntes. Elas conferiam inclusive segurança jurídica ao crime, pois o principal e os juros das letras podiam ser cobrados em juízo.
Guided Endodontics in Calcified Canals: Literature Review
Authors: Lourdes Vieira Frujeri Maria de , Macedo Oliveira Gabriela , Pereira Rocha Ana Júlia
Published: October 2024

Endodontic treatment controls the root canal microbiota by shaping, disinfecting and filling the canals to promote periapical healing. The calcification process is linked to pulp alterations, usually caused by an inflammatory process due to caries, loss of tooth surface, trauma or pulp exposure. This study aimed to emphasize the influence of computed tomography-guided endodontics on the accuracy and efficacy of endodontic treatments compared to conventional techniques. Articles were selected from PubMed, SCIELO and BVS databases using the descriptors "endodontics OR root canal treatment AND dental calcification AND pulp cavity AND cone beam computed tomography". The study included articles published from 2013 to 2023. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected. Endodontic treatment of calcified teeth is challenging and can result in failures in root canal instrumentation and disinfection. Also, it leads to complications such as perforation and weakening of the tooth structure due to excessive wear. Thus, minimally invasive endodontics is gaining prominence in contemporary endodontics. New techniques, such as guided endodontics, are emerging and have helped to reduce the risk of root perforation.
Prevalence and Impact of Emerging Chemical Contaminants in the Life Style Products on Human Health
Authors: Das Chittaranjan
Published: October 2024

In recent times, the increasing prevalence of harmful pollutants in our environment, originating from chemicals of various lifestyle products, has emerged as significant challenge for mankind. The purpose of this article was to explore the past literature concerning the consequences of various emerging contaminants in the everyday lifestyle products on human health. The chemical compounds, derived from various human activities, have become an integral part of our global ecosystem and are essential for the functioning of modern society. Chemical compounds are discharged into the environment from different origins, including rural, urban, and industrial areas. These compounds can come from everyday products such as cosmetics, personal care items, household cleaners, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, consumer products like soaps, shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and perfumes are used on a daily basis worldwide. These products contain a variety of chemicals that can contribute to environmental pollution. Various substances such as paraben, triclosan, phthalate, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, UV filters, and heavy metals are commonly found in these products. Scientists have determined that these ingredients can have detrimental effects on both humans and other organisms. The impacts of these chemical contaminants vary from changes in reproductive health and various types of cancer in humans. Additionally, aquatic organisms are also impacted by these substances. The significance of this matter is heightened by the rising global demand for beauty products, which commonly utilize a diverse array of chemical compounds in their production.
Enhancing the social engagement of young fathers through qualitative longitudinal impact research
Authors: Neale Bren , Tarrant Anna
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on the value of participatory research approaches in facilitating the social engagement of young fathers. it draws on the Responding to Young Dads (RYD) impact initiative (2016-17, Tarrant and Neale, 2017), a collaborative participatory initiative that sought to effect change within the existing support system in response to key findings from the FYF study. Two interventions are elaborated: a new support pathway for young fathers leaving the criminal justice system and the co-creation of the Young Dads Collective North, which was developed with and for young fathers and the professionals who champion them.Capturing the unfolding impacts of both projects in real time, we demonstrate the capacity of QL research to facilitate ongoing impacts through the translation of practice-informed research into evidence-based practice. The case studies show how a new social engagement framework can be promoted through collaborative work as a direct challenge to the social problems discourse. These case studies demonstrate young fathers’ capacity to engage with and influence practitioners and the future potential for partnership working among researchers, professionals, and communities in promoting a more coherent ethos of support and redemption across a range of services.