bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Determination of the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of the Wine Produced by Malolactic Fermentation from Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Kalecik Karası Grapes
Authors: ACAR Aslı Gül , SEVEROĞLU Zeki , KURMANBEKOVA Gülbübü , YILMAZ Ahmet
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine how malolactic fermentation and classical fermentation affect the physicochemical and sensory properties of wines made from red and white grapes.

Methods: In our research, we opted for Sauvignon blanc variety in white grapes and locally produced Kalecik karası and French Merlot variety in red grapes all of which are recognised as important grape varieties both in our country and around the world. To preserve the natural aroma of the grape, start the fermentation rapidly and ensure formation of a balanced amount of glycerol, the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain among vine yeasts deemed suitable. Oenoccus oeni MBR®UVAFERM®BETA (2x1011CFU/g) (Lallemand Inc., France) strain was used for malolactic fermentation. Sensory analyzes of the produced wines, chromatographic analysis of organic acids, and pysico-chemical analyses of products which are formed as a result of the processing of the fruits, were also made. For this purpose, the panelists evaluated the wines according to seven different criteria and the evaluation was made on a nine-point hedonic scale, and the most liked sample was given 9 points and the least liked one was given 1 point. Chemical and sensory properties of the produced wines were evaluated statistically.

Results: As a result of our study, it has been determined that the amount of ash in red wines is higher which indicates higher amount of grape extracts obtained from Kalecik karası and Merlot grapes.When compared according to fermentation types, the amount of lactic acid increased in wines produced by malolactic fermentation whereas the amount of phenolic compounds was higher in ethyl alcohol concentrations, and these values decreased with malolactic fermentation. Additionally, the accommodation of two foreign origin grapes one of which is red and the other one white, country’s geography has been revealed in this study with the characteristics of the wine produced.

Conclusion: The harmony of two foreign grapes, one red and one white grape, to the geography of our country was revealed with the characteristics of the wine produced. As a result of the thesis study, it was found that malolactic fermentation improved the quality of the wine, making it more pleasurable. In this context, the results of the research has the quality and attributes that will shed light on winemakers.
Türkiye’nin Göç Politikasına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: İNCE Celal
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, literatürden yararlanarak Türkiye’nin göç politikasının analizine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin göç politikası değişimini ele alarak ve göç politikanın şekillenmesinde belirleyici olan faktörleri irdeleyerek bir durum tespitinde bulunmayı hedeflemektedir. Yapılan analizde Avrupa’nın, Türkiye’nin göç politikası tarihi üzerinde büyük oranda belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Avrupa, ulus-devlet siyasal düşünce sisteminin mimarı olmakla Cumhuriyetin erken döneminde Türkiye’nin göç politikasını şekillendirdiği gibi yakın dönemdeki Türkiye-AB ilişkileri Türkiye’nin göç politikası üzerinde önemli izler bırakmaktadır. Diğer taraftan Türkiye’ye yönelen düzensiz, kitlesel, karmaşık nüfus hareketleri, devletin güvenlik algısı, ekonomik gelişmeler, yabancı düşmanlığı üzerine inşa edilen siyasal popülist yaklaşımlar ve toplumsal talepler de Türkiye’nin mevcut göç politikasını şekillendirdiği izlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda ilgili literatür incelendiğinde tarihsel süreç içinde Türkiye’nin göç politikasında önemli kırılmaların yaşandığı ve değişimlerin olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye’deki göçmen nüfusun hızlı artışı siyasal popülizmin konusu olduğu gibi daha kurumsal ve uzun vadeli politikaların geliştirilmesini de gerekli kılmaktadır.
Efeito de telas de sombreamento na aclimatação e crescimento de mudas de bananeiras em Nova Xavantina-MT
Authors: Jesus Alex Ribeiro de , Souza Manoel Euzébio de
Published: December 2023

A cultura da bananeira no Brasil tem um papel socioeconômico muito importante, servindo de alimento a população, geração de empregos e renda no meio rural. O uso de mudas micropropagadas vem ajudando no desenvolvimento da bananicultura brasileira, entretanto, recomenda-se a aclimatação antes de serem transplantadas no campo. Para isso podem ser utilizadas telas de cores e intensidade de sombreamentos variados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de bananeiras cultivadas sob diferentes telas de sombreamento. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na Chácara Scapini, município de Nova Xavantina-MT. Os tratamentos consistiram em: T1: tela preta de 50%, T2: tela prata de 50%, T3: tela preta de 35%, T4: tela prata de 35%, T5: tela vermelha de 35% de sombreamento e T6: pleno sol. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizados (DIC), sendo constituído de 6 tratamentos (ambientes de cultivo), com 20 repetições em cada ambiente para as análises não destrutivas (avaliação de crescimento) e dessas mudas ao final do experimento em campo sorteou-se 10 repetições para as análises destrutivas. As características avaliadas foram: altura de planta (ALT), diâmetro do pseudocaule (DP), número de folhas (NF), matéria fresca da parte aérea (MFPA), matéria fresca da raiz (MFR), matéria fresca total (MFT), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), matéria seca da raiz (MSR), matéria seca total (MST) e comprimento de raiz (CZ). De acordo com os resultados obtidos em todas as análises, a utilização de telas de sombreamento de cor preta de 50%, vermelha de 35%, telas termorefletora prata de 35 e 50% de sombreamento foram eficientes para a aclimatação de mudas de bananeira da variedade BRS Princesa.
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate neuronal regeneration by promoting axon growth and restoring neuronal activity
Authors: de Laorden Elvira H. , Simón Diana , Milla Santiago , Portela-Lomba María , Mellén Marian , Sierra Javier , de la Villa Pedro , Moreno-Flores María Teresa , Iglesias Maite
Published: December 2023

In the last decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the cornerstone of cellular therapy due to their unique characteristics. Specifically human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) are highlighted for their unique features, including ease to isolate, non-invasive techniques for large scale cell production, significant immunomodulatory capacity, and a high ability to migrate to injuries. Researchers are exploring innovative techniques to overcome the low regenerative capacity of Central Nervous System (CNS) neurons, with one promising avenue being the development of tailored mesenchymal stem cell therapies capable of promoting neural repair and recovery. In this context, we have evaluated hPMSCs as candidates for CNS lesion regeneration using a skillful co-culture model system. Indeed, we have demonstrated the hPMSCs ability to stimulate damaged rat-retina neurons regeneration by promoting axon growth and restoring neuronal activity both under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. With our model we have obtained neuronal regeneration values of 10%–14% and axonal length per neuron rates of 19-26, μm/neuron. To assess whether the regenerative capabilities of hPMSCs are contact-dependent effects or it is mediated through paracrine mechanisms, we carried out transwell co-culture and conditioned medium experiments confirming the role of secreted factors in axonal regeneration. It was found that hPMSCs produce brain derived, neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), involved in the process of neuronal regeneration and restoration of the physiological activity of neurons. In effect, we confirmed the success of our treatment using the patch clamp technique to study ionic currents in individual isolated living cells demonstrating that in our model the regenerated neurons are electrophysiologically active, firing action potentials. The outcomes of our neuronal regeneration studies, combined with the axon-regenerating capabilities exhibited by mesenchymal stem cells derived from the placenta, present a hopeful outlook for the potential therapeutic application of hPMSCs in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Multi-criterion analysis of the effect of physico-chemical microbiological agents on Legionella detection in hotel water distribution systems in Crete
Authors: Chochlakis Dimosthenis , Sandalakis Vassilios , Ntoukakis Apostolos , Daskalaki Maria-Olga , Loppinet Thomas , Thalassinaki Niki , Makridaki Rena , Panoulis Christos , Psaroulaki Anna
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Water distribution systems in hotels have been related to outbreaks caused by Legionella spp. Certain measures, including disinfection by chlorination, maintaining increased temperatures are usually undertaken to prevent Legionella outbreaks. However, these preventive strategies are not always effective, since there are several factors (e.g., synergistic interactions with other microbes, physico-chemical factors, biofilm formation, availability of nutrients) that promote survival and proliferation of the pathogen in water pipes., Accordingly, there is a need of a holistic approach in development of preventive models for Legionella outbreaks associated with water distribution systems.

Methods

Water samples were collected from hotel water systems and were tested for the presence of Legionella, E. coli, total coliforms, total mesophilic count and Pseudomonas. In each sample, temperature and chlorine were also tested. Other epidemiological factors were additionally recorded including number of rooms, stars, proximity of sampling point to the boiler, etc. Data were processed by generalized linear analysis, and modeling based on logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictive factors associated with the presence of Legionella in hotel water systems.

Results

According to the generalized linear model, temperature affected (p<0.05) the presence of Legionella regardless of the species or the water supply (hot or cold). Additionally, opportunistic (P. aeruginosa) or non-opportunistic (E. coli, coliforms) pathogens were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the presence of all Legionella species. Temperature also exhibited a positive effect to all pathogens tested except for Pseudomonas according to the linear model. Multivariate analysis showed that Pseudomonas, total coliforms, HPC and temperature had a statistically significant effect on the presence of Legionella. Based on a binomial model, cold water had a positive effect on Legionella. Type of sampling and proximity of the sample to the boiler seemed to pose different effect on Legionella depending on the cfu/L. The number of hotel stars and rooms did not appear to have any effect in all tested models.

Discussion

Collectively, these results indicate the need for development of individualized water safety plans tailored by the presence of other microbiological agents, and unique physico-chemical factors, which could facilitate the survival of Legionella.in hotel water systems.
Observation of strong wavelength-shifting in the argon-tetrafluoromethane system
Authors: Amedo P. , González-Díaz D. , Brunbauer F. M. , Fernández-Posada D. J. , Oliveri E. , Ropelewski L.
Published: December 2023

We report the scintillation spectra of Ar/CF4 mixtures in the range 210–800 nm, obtained under X-ray irradiation for various pressures (1–5 bar) and concentrations (0%–100%). Special care was taken to eliminate effects related to space charge and charge recombination, so that results can be extrapolated following conventional wisdom to those expected for minimum ionizing particles under the typical electric fields employed in gaseous instrumentation. Our study sheds light into the microscopic pathways leading to scintillation in this family of mixtures and reinvigorates the prospects of use in next-generation scintillation-based chambers.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS storms in long COVID pathogenesis
Authors: Noonong Kunwadee , Chatatikun Moragot , Surinkaew Sirirat , Kotepui Manas , Hossain Rahni , Bunluepuech Kingkan , Noothong Chanittha , Tedasen Aman , Klangbud Wiyada Kwanhian , Imai Motoki , Kawakami Fumitaka , Kubo Makoto , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Kanekura Takuro , Sukati Suriyan , Somsak Voravuth , Udomwech Lunla , Ichikawa Takafumi , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Tangpong Jitbanjong , Indo Hiroko P. , Majima Hideyuki J.
Published: December 2023

Significance

This review discusses the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology in the context of diabetes and intracellular reactions by COVID-19, including mitochondrial oxidative stress storms, mitochondrial ROS storms, and long COVID.

Recent advances

The long COVID is suffered in ~10% of the COVID-19 patients. Even the virus does not exist, the patients suffer the long COVID for even over a year, This disease could be a mitochondria dysregulation disease.

Critical issues

Patients who recover from COVID-19 can develop new or persistent symptoms of multi-organ complications lasting weeks or months, called long COVID. The underlying mechanisms involved in the long COVID is still unclear. Once the symptoms of long COVID persist, they cause significant damage, leading to numerous, persistent symptoms.

Future directions

A comprehensive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms related to long COVID and effective drugs to treat and prevent it are required, which will aid the development of future long COVID treatments and symptom relief.
The next bastion to be conquered in immunotherapy: microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
Authors: Ding Kai , Mou Pei , Wang Zhe , Liu Shuqing , Liu JinPei , Lu Hao , Yu Ganjun
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise, particularly in developing countries. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a significant advancement in CRC treatment. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) serves as a biomarker for immunotherapy, with dMMR/MSI-H CRC exhibiting significantly better response rates to immunotherapy compared to proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)or microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. While some progress has been made in the treatment of pMMR/MSS CRC in recent years, it remains a challenging issue in clinical practice. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role not only in the development and progression of CRC but also in determining the response to immunotherapy. Understanding the characteristics of the TME in pMMR/MSS CRC could offer new insights to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress on the TME characteristics and advancements in immunotherapy for pMMR/MSS CRC.
Benthic contribution to seasonal silica budgets in two macrotidal estuaries in North-Western France
Authors: Raimonet Mélanie , Ragueneau Olivier , Soetaert Karline , Khalil Karima , Leynaert Aude , Michaud Emma , Moriceau Brivaela , Rabouille Christophe , Memery Laurent
Published: December 2023

The paper aims to build seasonal silica budgets in two macrotidal estuaries, the Elorn and Aulne estuaries of the Bay of Brest (North-Western France), based on modeling and measurements, in order to increase our understanding of the silica (Si) cycle at land-sea interfaces. A diagenetic model was developed to quantify benthic Si fluxes, e.g. aSiO2deposition fluxes that are difficult to assess through direct measurements. Sediment cores were also seasonally sampled at six stations to provide data essential to parametrize and validate the model. Vertical profiles of porosity, burrowing depth, biodiffusive coefficients, concentrations of amorphous silica (aSiO2) and silicic acid (Si(OH)4and the proportion of reactive aSiO2were measured. The results show that sites sampled along the Elorn and Aulne estuaries constitute significant net Si deposition areas (1-4.5 mmol Si m-2d-1), particularly in the upstream during winter and in midstream and downstream during summer. Year round, reprecipitation is negligible (< 3%) while burial accounts for the retention of ~ 30-80% of deposited aSiO2. In winter, burial dominates the benthic Si budget. As surface-integrated benthic Si fluxes are low compared to riverine aSiO2fluxes, the Si export to coastal waters is high (93%) during winter. In contrast, in summer, burial accounts for 38% of river Si fluxes, and Si(OH)4flux from the sediment is high as a result of enhanced benthic recycling and bioirrigation. Internal estuarine processes, e.g., benthic and pelagic primary production, dissolution and benthic Si fluxes, surpass river fluxes in magnitude during summer. Overall, we conclude that the Elorn and Aulne macrotidal estuaries are efficient filters of Si, retaining about 4-38% of river Si fluxes, and even 6-67% when accounting for retention in intertidal marshes, but with massive exports occurring during winter floods.
ASTMEN: an adaptive spatiotemporal and multi-element fusion network for ocean surface currents forecasting
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Fusheng , Song Tao , Meng Fan , Zhao Xiaofei
Published: December 2023

Accurate forecasting of ocean surface currents is crucial for the planning of marine activities, including fisheries, shipping, and pollution control. Previous studies have often neglected the consideration of spatiotemporal correlations and interdependencies among ocean elements, leading to suboptimal accuracy in medium to long-term forecasts, especially in regions characterized by intricate ocean currents. This paper proposes an adaptive spatiotemporal and multi-element fusion network for ocean surface currents forecasting (ASTMEN). Specifically, we use an improved Swin Transformer (Swin-T) to perform self-attention computation at any given moment, enabling the adaptive generation of multi-element time series with spatial dependencies. Then, we utilize a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) to encode and decode these series in the dimensions of temporal and multi-element features, resulting in accurate forecasts of ocean surface currents. This study takes the Kuroshio region in the northwest Pacific Ocean as the study area with data from the ocean reanalysis dataset. The experimental results show that ASTMEN significantly outperforms the baseline model and the climate state method, and is the only model whose correlation coefficient is still higher than 0.8 at day 12. In the experiments during the summer, when the currents are most variable, ASTMEN provides better forecasts at the sea-land interface and at the junction of different currents, which has the potential to fill the gap of poor forecast performance of previous methods for complex current fields.
Development and implementation of an on-demand competency-based onboarding program for clinical research professionals in academic medicine
Authors: Cranfill Jessica R. , Deeter Christine E. , Hannah Deborah , Snyder Denise C. , Freel Stephanie A.
Published: December 2023

Over the past 7 years, Duke has implemented competency-based job classifications for clinical research professionals (CRPs) with a defined pathway for career advancement. The workforce is defined specifically as the collection of staff employed across the clinical research enterprise to operationalize clinical research and human participatory protocols through the hands-on conduct of protocol activities including participant enrollment, regulatory coordination, study documentation, data collection and management, and sponsor engagement. The competency framework for this critical workforce laid the foundation for a centrally developed on-demand onboarding program at Duke. The self-paced program is designed to engage learners through competency-based learning modules, guided mentor/manager discussions, and applied learning activities. Consisting of an initial E-Learning orientation to clinical research at Duke, called Express Start, followed by a 90-day role-based Onboarding Learning Plan, our onboarding program includes training in foundational pre-defined core competency areas and customizable learning paths. Associated Engagement Activity Packets for many clinical research competencies encourage mentor and/or manager involvement and hands-on learning for the employee through suggested enrichment activities. The program has been widely adopted for CRPs within the Duke University Schools of Medicine and Nursing, and newly hired CRPs and their managers have expressed satisfaction with these centrally offered tools. In this paper, we describe the methods used to develop and implement our competency-based onboarding program. We will share an evaluation of the program and planned next steps for expanding the suite of onboarding resources.
Thirteen-year viral suppression and immunologic recovery of LPV/r-based regimens in pediatric HIV treatment: a multicenter cohort study in resource-constrained settings of China
Authors: Lao Xiaojie , Zhang Hanxi , Yan Liting , Zhao Hongxin , Zhao Qingxia , Lu Hongyan , Chen Yuewu , Li Huiqin , Chen Jinfeng , Ye Fuxiu , Yu Fengting , Xiao Qing , Li Qun , Liang Xuelei , Yang Xiaojie , Yan Chang , Zhang Fujie
Published: December 2023

Background

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in children remains challenging due to resource-constrained settings. We conducted a 13-year, prospective, multicenter cohort study on the effectiveness and safety of LPV/r-based regimens in ART-naive and ART-experienced children.

Methods

From January 2008 to May 2021, children living with HIV-1 were recruited with LPV/r-based regimens from 8 clinical research sites in 6 provinces in China. Effectiveness outcomes were virologic failure (defined as at least two consecutive measurements of VL > 200 copies/mL after 6 months of ART) and immune response (defined as CD4% recovered to more than 25% after 12 months of treatment). The safety outcomes were treatment-related grade 2–4 adverse events and abnormal laboratory test results.

Results

A total of 345 ART-naïve children and 113 ART-experienced children were included in this cohort study. The median follow-up time was 7.3 (IQR 5.5–10.5) years. The incidence density of virologic failure was 4.1 (95% CI 3.3–4.9) per 100 person-years in ART-naïve children and 5.0 (95% CI 3.5–6.5) per 100 person-years in ART-experienced children. Kaplan Meyer (KM) curve analysis showed children with ART experience were at a higher risk of virologic failure (p < 0.05). The risk factors of virologic failure in ART-naïve children were clinic setting in rural hospitals (aHR = 2.251, 1.108–4.575), annual missed dose times >5 days of LPV intake (aHR = 1.889, 1.004–3.554); The risk factor of virologic failure in ART-experienced children was missed dose times >5 days (aHR = 2.689, 1.299–5.604) and mother as caregivers for ART administration (aHR = 0.475, 0.238–0.948). However, during long-term treatment, viral suppression rates between ART-naïve and ART-experienced children remained similar. No significant differences were observed in the immune response, treatment-related grade 2–4 events, and abnormal laboratory test results between ART-naïve children and ART-experienced children.

Conclusion

Our research underscores that with consistent, long-term treatment of LPV/r-based regimens, ART-experienced children can achieve therapeutic outcomes comparable to ART-naïve children. It provides crucial insights on LPV/r-based regimens in pediatric HIV treatment, especially in resource-limited settings where high-cost Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTs) are inaccessible. This evidence-based understanding provides an essential addition to the global therapeutic strategies for pediatric HIV treatment.
Safety of multiple intravenous infusions of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for hospitalized cases of COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Dios Constanza , Vij Ridhima , Kim Hosu , Park Hyeonggeun , Chang Donna
Published: December 2023

Objective

The purpose of the study was to assess the safety of allogeneic, Hope Biosciences Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HB-adMSCs) for the treatment of hospitalized subjects with COVID-19.

Methods

N = 48 patients were randomly assigned to HB-adMSC (100 MM) or placebo group. Four intravenous infusions of HB-adMSCs or saline were administered at days 0, 3, 7, 10. The primary safety endpoint was incidence of adverse and serious adverse events (AE/SAEs); secondary endpoints were incidence of specific AEs and alterations in hematology, biochemistry, and coagulation parameters.

Results

Majority of AEs were mild in severity. HB-adMSC group showed a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary failure, anemia, anxiety, and diarrhea, while placebo group showed a higher incidence of headaches, fatigue, and chest discomfort (posterior probabilities ≥80%). Deaths were attributed to severe complications due to COVID-19 and were unrelated to study drug. No AEs were attributed to the treatment. Hematology and coagulation panel alterations were not associated with HB-adMSCs. Analyses of inflammatory markers showed increased levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein over time in HB-adMSC group (posterior probabilities ≥78%).

Conclusion

Multiple infusions of 100MM allogeneic HB-adMSCs were considered safe for the study population. More research is needed to determine the safety of MSC therapy.

Clinical trial registration

(www.ClinicalTrials.gov) identifier NCT04362189.
The causal effects between gut microbiota and hemorrhagic stroke: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Yingjie , Liu Hao , Meng Xiangyi , Gao Aili , Liu Yansong , Ma Wei , Liang Hongsheng , Hu Fulan
Published: December 2023

Background

Recent studies have suggested that the composition of gut microbiota (GM) may change after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the causal inference of GM and hemorrhagic stroke is unknown. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is an effective research method that removes confounding factors and investigates the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. This study intends to explore the causal relationship between GM and hemorrhagic stroke with the help of MR.

Methods

Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using summary statistics of the GM (n = 18,340) in the MiBioGen consortium vs. the FinnGen consortium R9 summary statistics (intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage). Causal associations between gut microbiota and hemorrhagic stroke were analyzed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-PRESSO. Cochran’s Q statistic, MR-Egger regression, and leave-one-out analysis were used to test for multiplicity and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Separate reverse MR analyses were performed for microbiota found to be causally associated with hemorrhagic stroke in the forward MR analysis. Also, multivariate MR analyses were conducted after incorporating common confounders.

Results

Based on the results of univariable and multivariate MR analyses, Actinobacteria (phylum) (OR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.66–0.97; p = 0.025) had a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke, while Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (genus) (OR, 0.81; 95%CI, 0.67–0.99; p = 0.039) had a potential protective effect. Furthermore, Dorea (genus) (OR, 1.77; 95%CI, 1.27–2.46; p = 0.001), Eisenbergiella (genus) (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.05–1.48; p = 0.013) and Lachnospiraceae UCG008 (genus) (OR, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.01–1.62; p = 0.041) acted as potential risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. The abundance of Dorea (genus) (β, 0.05; 95%CI, 0.002 ~ 0.101; p = 0.041) may increase, and that of Eisenbergiella (genus) (β, −0.072; 95%CI, −0.137 ~ −0.007; p = 0.030) decreased after hemorrhagic stroke according to the results of reverse MR analysis. No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected in any of the MR analyses.

Conclusion

There is a significant causal relationship between GM and hemorrhagic stroke. The prevention, monitoring, and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke through GM represent a promising avenue and contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke.
Recent Progress in antibacterial hydrogel coatings for targeting biofilm to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections
Authors: Wang Mengxuan , Zheng Yawen , Yin Chuqiang , Dai Shiyou , Fan Xiao , Jiang Ying , Liu Xuequan , Fang Junqiang , Yi Bingcheng , Zhou Qihui , Wang Ting
Published: December 2023

The application of orthopedic implants for bone tissue reconstruction and functional restoration is crucial for patients with severe bone fractures and defects. However, the abiotic nature of orthopedic implants allows bacterial adhesion and colonization, leading to the formation of bacterial biofilms on the implant surface. This can result in implant failure and severe complications such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the limited efficacy of drugs against biofilms have increased the risk of orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAI), necessitating the development of alternative therapeutics. In this regard, antibacterial hydrogels based on bacteria repelling, contact killing, drug delivery, or external assistance strategies have been extensively investigated for coating orthopedic implants through surface modification, offering a promising approach to target biofilm formation and prevent OIAI. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the application of antibacterial hydrogel coatings for preventing OIAI by targeting biofilm formation. The topics covered include: (1) the mechanisms underlying OIAI occurrence and the role of biofilms in exacerbating OIAI development; (2) current strategies to impart anti-biofilm properties to hydrogel coatings and the mechanisms involved in treating OIAI. This article aims to summarize the progress in antibacterial hydrogel coatings for OIAI prevention, providing valuable insights and facilitating the development of prognostic markers for the design of effective antibacterial orthopedic implants.
In vivo recordings in freely behaving mice using independent silicon probes targeting multiple brain regions
Authors: Ferreira-Fernandes Emanuel , Laranjo Mariana , Reis Tiago , Canijo Bárbara , Ferreira Pedro A. , Martins Pedro , Vilarinho João , Tavakoli Mahmoud , Kunicki Carolina , Peça João
Published: December 2023

In vivo recordings in freely behaving animals are crucial to understand the neuronal circuit basis of behavior. Although current multi-channel silicon probes provide unparalleled sampling density, the study of interacting neuronal populations requires the implantation of multiple probes across different regions of the brain. Ideally, these probes should be independently adjustable, to maximize the yield, and recoverable, to mitigate costs. In this work, we describe the implementation of a miniaturized 3D-printed headgear system for chronic in vivo recordings in mice using independently movable silicon probes targeting multiple brain regions. We successfully demonstrated the performance of the headgear by simultaneously recording the neuronal activity in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus. The system proved to be sturdy, ensuring high-quality stable recordings and permitted reuse of the silicon probes, with no observable interference in mouse innate behaviors.
Analysis of ischemic stroke burden in Asia from 1990 to 2019: based on the global burden of disease 2019 data
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Lv Hengliang , Chen Xin , Li Maoxuan , Zhou Xiaojing , Jia Xiaoying
Published: December 2023

Background

Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rate. This study aimed to describe and assess the burden of ischemic stroke in Asia based on the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 data and provide a crucial scientific foundation for the prevention and control of this life-threatening disease.

Method

This study used the GBD 2019 data to assess the burden of ischemic stroke. The indicators used in this study were derived from the following methods: (i) the incidence of ischemic stroke was estimated using the disability model for the global burden of disease study-mixed effects regression (DisMod-MR), a Bayesian meta-regression disease modeling tool; (ii) the non-specific codes of all available data on mortality were corrected and used to estimate mortality rates for ischemic stroke and the cause of death ensemble model was used to estimate mortality rates; and (iii) the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is the sum of years lived with disability (YLD) and the years of life lost (YLL), which quantifies the health loss due to specific diseases and injuries. In addition, the joinpoint regression model was adopted to analyze the temporal trend of ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2019 in Asia.

Result

This study found an increase in the burden of ischemic stroke in 2019 compared to 1990. Moreover, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of ischemic stroke showed a gradual upward trend over the specific period. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) showed a downward trend in Asia from 1990 to 2019. The burden of ischemic stroke was more concentrated on older age groups, particularly those older than 65 years. East Asia had the highest burden of ischemic stroke compared to other regions in Asia. Particularly, China, India, Indonesia, and Japan had the highest burdens of ischemic stroke among the Asian countries and regions. However, the population with the highest burden of ischemic stroke was still the elderly group.

Conclusion

Based on our study, it is evident that the burden of ischemic stroke exists substantially and exhibits variations in the aspects of age, gender, and geographical region in Asia. Without targeted implementation of population-wide primary strategies for prevention and control, the burden of ischemic stroke is likely to worsen significantly in the future.
Ramadan-specific nutrition education improves cardio-metabolic health and inflammation—a prospective nutrition intervention study from Pakistan
Authors: Gul Rahmat , Khan Imran , Alam Iftikhar , Almajwal Ali , Hussain Imtiaz , Sohail Namrah , Hussain Muhammad , Cena Hellas , Shafiq Sunara , Aftab Anam
Published: December 2023

There are recent reports that Ramadan fasting (RF) results in weight gain instead of weight loss. In addition, the data on the efficacy of brief nutrition education on healthy eating practices in Ramadan for better health are scarce. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of brief nutrition education before the start of RF on healthy eating practices during RF. For this purpose, a prospective observational study focused on “Dietary Education and Awareness for Ramadan (DEAR)” as an intervention was carried out. The participants (n = 74) were recruited and divided into two groups, i.e., intervention and control groups (n = 37 each). As an intervention, nutrition education lessons were given before and during RF month. The control group did not attend these nutrition education lessons. Data on anthropometrics, dietary intake, and other parameters were collected at three time points: before, in the end, and 4 weeks after RF. Weight was measured in kg; height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured in cm; and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated by dividing the waist value by the hip value. Body composition analysis was performed by the body composition analyzer (BF-907). Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a validated automated blood pressure. A 3–5 ml of venous blood was collected, and plasma and serum were separated. Serum and plasma samples were processed for general blood chemistry (blood lipid profile, glucose, and CRP) within 2 h. CRP was determined by the immunoturbidimetry method using an auto-analyzer. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine cytokine/chemokines. Adherence to nutrition education (intervention) was assessed. The results show that nutrition education has positive effects on overall nutrition. Significant improvement in dietary adherence to dietary advice in the intervention group was noted. Significant BW loss (mean loss: 1.21 kg) in the intervention group was observed. The majority (63.3%) had lost BW ≥ 1.0 kg. Other changes observed as a result of the intervention included improvements in blood glucose, cholesterol, CRP levels, and systolic and diastolic BP. There was a notable shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations: IL-7, IL-4, and TGF-α decreased, while IL-2, TNF-α and resistin, IL-1 RA, IL-17 A, and sCD40 increased. In conclusion, RF resulted in a loss in mean BW and an improvement in related blood chemistry and cytokine profiles. Furthermore, nutrition education before RF resulted in better nutrition practices during RF and a desirable healthy BW, blood lipid, and cytokine profiles.
Boosting plant food polyphenol concentration by saline eustress as supplement strategies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome: an example of randomized interventional trial in the adult population
Authors: Ferrantelli Vincenzo , Vasto Sonya , Alongi Angelina , Sabatino Leo , Baldassano Davide , Caldarella Rosalia , Gagliano Rosaria , Di Rosa Luigi , Consentino Beppe Benedetto , Vultaggio Lorena , Baldassano Sara
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Phenolic compounds in lettuce can increase by the application of positive stress (eustress) such as moderate saline stress. Phenolic compounds possess antioxidant capacity that is a key factor in the detoxification of excess reactive oxygen species. A double-blinded randomized interventional and placebo- controlled study design was carried out to compare the effect of daily dietary eustress lettuce ingestion in hepatic, lipid, bone, glucose, and iron metabolism.

Methods

Forty-two healthy volunteers, 19 female and 23 male participants, were divided into two groups. Participants were randomized into a polyphenol-enriched treatment (PET) arm or control arm. Each arm consumed 100 g/day of control or eustress (polyphenols enriched treatment = PET) lettuce for 12 days. Primary study outcomes were serological analysis for assessing hepatic, lipid, bone, iron, and glucose markers at baseline and after 12 days. Secondary outcomes assessed body composition.

Results

Salinity stress reduced plant yield but increased caffeic acid (+467%), chlorogenic acid (+320%), quercetin (+538%), and rutin (+1,095%) concentrations. The intake of PET lettuce reduced PTH, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzyme levels and increased vitamin D and phosphate levels, while iron and glucose metabolism were unaffected.

Discussion

Supplementation with eustress lettuce by increasing polyphenols concentration ameliorates hepatic, lipid, and bone homeostasis. Body composition was not affected.

Clinical trial registration

https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06002672, identifier: NCT06002672.
A Wi-Fi dynamic routing algorithm based on energy prediction for wildlife monitoring wireless network
Authors: Song Yang , Ziyang Pan , Hui Tan , Shaoxiang Hu
Published: December 2023

The routing protocol of wildlife monitoring Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) networks cannot balance node energy consumption, leading to early node death. Therefore, the research on energy balance in wildlife monitoring Wi-Fi networks is a hot topic. In order to balance the energy consumption of Wi-Fi networks and extend the lifespan of wireless networks, we designed the low energy dynamic routing protocol LEACH-EP (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy- Energy Prediction) based on energy prediction by analyzing the long-range dependent characteristics of the remaining energy time series (RETS) of wireless network nodes. This protocol uses the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model to predict the remaining energy of network nodes, and then dynamically plans routes using future remaining energy. We conducted a networking experiment in the Anzihe Nature Reserve in Chengdu, China, and the Energy Balance Factor index of the wireless network significantly improved. The Mean Absolute Error value of network nodes is less than 60 mW, which is less than 10% of the average daily energy consumption of nodes. Half of the surviving network nodes have achieved an increase to 55.2%, and the network death time has been extended by 38.6%. The experimental results show that the energy prediction routing protocol LEACH-EP can significantly extend the node survival life and balance network energy consumption.
Predictive modeling of perioperative blood transfusion in lumbar posterior interbody fusion using machine learning
Authors: Lang Fang-Fang , Liu Li-Ying , Wang Shao-Wei
Published: December 2023

Background: Accurate estimation of perioperative blood transfusion risk in lumbar posterior interbody fusion is essential to reduce the number, cost, and complications associated with blood transfusions. Machine learning algorithms have the potential to outperform traditional prediction methods in predicting perioperative blood transfusion. This study aimed to construct a machine learning-based perioperative transfusion risk prediction model for lumbar posterior interbody fusion in order to improve the efficacy of surgical decision-making.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data on 1905 patients who underwent lumbar posterior interbody fusion surgery at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2021 and March 2023. All the data was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set, and the “feature_importances” method provided by eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was applied to select statistically significant features on the training set to establish five machine learning prediction models. The optimal model was identified by utilizing the area under the curve (AUC) and the probability calibration curve on the validation set. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) were employed for interpretable analysis of the optimal model.

Results: In the postoperative outcomes of patients, the number of hospital days in the transfusion group was longer than that in the non-transfusion group. Additionally, the transfusion group experienced higher total hospital costs, 90-day readmission rates, and complication rates within 90 days after surgery than the non-transfusion group. A total of 9 features were selected for the models. The XGBoost model performed best with an AUC value of 0.958. The SHAP values showed that intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluid infusion, and number of fused segments were the top 3 most important features affecting perioperative blood transfusion in lumbar posterior interbody fusion. The LIME algorithm was used to interpret the individualized prediction.

Conclusion: Surgery, ASA class, levels fused, total intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and preoperative Hb are viable predictors of perioperative blood transfusion in lumbar posterior interbody fusion. The XGBoost model has demonstrated superior predictive efficacy compared to the traditional logistic regression model, making it a more effective decision-making tool for perioperative blood transfusion.
Variation and genetic basis of mineral content in potato tubers and prospects for genomic selection
Authors: Pandey Jeewan , Gautam Sanjeev , Scheuring Douglas C. , Koym Jeffrey W. , Vales M. Isabel
Published: December 2023

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in many parts of the world. Among other nutrients, minerals are necessary in the human diet. Potato tubers are a good source of minerals; they contribute 18% of the recommended dietary allowance of potassium; 6% of copper, phosphorus, and magnesium; and 2% of calcium and zinc. Increased public interest in improving the nutritional value of foods has prompted the evaluation of mineral content in tubers of advanced genotypes from the Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program and the investigation of the genetics underlying mineral composition in tubers. The objectives of this study were to i) assess phenotypic variation for mineral content in tubers of advanced potato genotypes, ii) identify genomic regions associated with tuber mineral content, and iii) obtain genomic-estimated breeding values. A panel of 214 advanced potato genotypes and reference varieties was phenotyped in three field environments in Texas for the content of 12 minerals in tubers and genotyped using the Infinium Illumina 22K V3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Array. There was significant variation between potato genotypes for all minerals evaluated except iron. As a market group, red-skinned potatoes had the highest amount of minerals, whereas russets had the lowest mineral content. Reds had significantly higher P, K, S, and Zn than russets and significantly higher P and Mg than chippers. Russets had significantly higher Ca, Mg, and Na than chippers. However, the chippers had significantly higher K than the russets. A genome-wide association study for mineral content using GWASpoly identified three quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with potassium and manganese content on chromosome 5 and two QTL associated with zinc content on chromosome 7. The loci identified will contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of mineral content in potatoes. Genomic-estimated breeding values for mineral macro and micronutrients in tubers obtained with StageWise will guide the selection of parents and the advancement of genotypes in the breeding program to increase mineral content in potato tubers.
From peacetime to war: a path analysis of the factors that predict performance among police and military commanders in collaborative crisis response
Authors: Mattingsdal Jostein , Aandal Jan , Johnsen Bjørn Helge , Espevik Roar
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the applicability of Bandura’s social cognitive theory in predicting organizational performance in dynamic and ambiguous hybrid warfare contexts. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of dyad composition, past performance in peacetime, collective self-efficacy, and persistence on wartime performance among high-ranking police and military commanders.

Study design/methodology/approach

One hundred and thirty-eight participants, consisting of police and military commanders, took part in a simulation exercise that escalated from peace to war. The participants were assigned to three types of dyads (N= 69); all-police (n= 20), all-military (n= 27), and mixed police-military (n= 22). The study utilized path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of the variables on wartime performance.

Results

The model developed in this study accounted for 54% of the variance in wartime performance (R2= 0.54). Path analysis showed direct effects of persistence (β = −0.33) and peacetime performance (β = 0.45) on actual performance in wartime. Direct effects also showed how persistence was predicted by dyad composition (β = −0.24) and peacetime performance (β = −0.50). Indirect effects indicated how persistence mediated the effects of peacetime performance (β = 0.17) and dyad composition (β = 0.08) on actual performance in wartime.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of how social cognitive factors, as described by Bandura’s theory, can predict decision outcomes in collaborative crisis response settings involving police and military commanders. The findings have implications for policy-making and provide recommendations for further research in this area.