bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Part 1. Current Status of Hearing Loss Patients in Korea Using National Data: National Health Insurance Service- Database, 2010 to 2020
Authors: Lee Junhun , Yoon Chul Young , Kim Jiwon , Jin In-Ki , Suh Michelle J. , Cho Wan-Ho , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Choi Seong Jun , Cha Dongchul , Park Kyung Ho , Oh Soo Hee , Seo Young Joon , Kong Tae Hoon
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives Hearing loss significantly affects communication, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life. This study analyzes the National Health Insurance Service database to assess the trends and characteristics of hearing loss in South Korea from 2010 to 2020.Subjects and Method The database encompasses 97% of the Korean population, providing comprehensive data on medical history, prescriptions, and health examinations. The analysis used the World Health Organization’s ICD-10 definitions to categorize hearing loss types and examine their prevalence and incidence across various demographics over 11 years.Results There was an overall annual increase of 4.62% in diagnosed cases of hearing loss, with the most significant rise among the elderly. The rate of increase accelerated from 3.32% between 2010 and 2014 to 6.49% between 2014 and 2020, corresponding with the improved hearing aid access facilitated by policy changes. Women showed a slightly higher increase than men. The data also indicated a consistent rise in abnormal hearing test results during health examinations, especially in older adults.Conclusion The study highlights an increasing trend in hearing loss diagnoses, driven by an aging population and enhanced detection facilitated by policy changes. These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and targeted health policies to manage hearing loss effectively, offering valuable insights for global health management and policy development.
Modelling the Naira Exchange Rate Dependence Using Static and Time-Varying Copula
Authors: Katata Kabir
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the dependence structure of different currencies versus the Nigerian Naira using constant and time-varying copula. Daily Naira/USD, Naira/Yuan, Naira/Pound, and Naira/Euro exchange rates from 23 December 2011 to 12 May 2020 were utilised. We fitted eight constant and time-varying copula families using the exchange rate standardised residuals. The study finds that the Naira exchange rate may be estimated with student t-copula, Symmetrized Joe-Clayton (SJC), or Rotated Gumbel copula models and Autoregressive (AR)– Glosten Jagannathan Runkle Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GJR-GARCH) (1,1) models with skewed t residuals for margins. The Naira exchange rate returns is time-varying, tail-dependent, and asymmetric. The study recommends that portfolio diversification, asset allocation of Central Bank of Nigeria foreign reserves, bank risk capital aggregation, and risk management decisions should not be based on linear correlation coefficient (Gaussian copula) but on copula models that can capture asymmetry and tail dependence, such as Student t, SJC, and Gumbel copulas.
Edukasi Teknologi Digital Marketing Pada UMKM Produk Olahan Keripik Pisang
Authors: Bintang Muhammad Yuan , Amalia Rahayu , Sopiah Nyimas , Oktarina Tri , Ariana Sunda
Published: August 2024

Pemasaran penjualah suatu produk sangat berperan di dalam meningkatkan penjualan. Pemasaran produk di UMKM keripik pisang sejauh ini belum menggunakan digitalisasi atau pemasarannya masih belum online, sehingga diperlukan metode digital marketing untuk mendukung kenaikan proses penjualan. Metode ini yang menerapkan proses pemasaran tidak hanya melalui website tetapi juga bisa melalui media sosial. Pelatihan yang diterapkan kepada masyarakat Desa Pegayut Kecamatan Pemulutan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir adalah dengan menggunakan beberapa media social, diantaranya Facebook, Instagram, dan Tik Tok. kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini adalah mulai dari meninjau lokasi sampai dengan melakukan pelatihan. Indikator keberhasilan dalam kegiatan ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana peserta dapat memasarkan produknya melalui digital. Pelaksanaan ini dianggap sudah berhasil dilakukan dan dianggap telah berjalan dengan baik dan lancar.
Addressing Human Rights Violations under International Norms: Ghana's Experience with Multinational Corporations in the Mining Sector
Authors: Hammond Ama F. , Batariwah Prosper
Published: August 2024

Large-scale mining by multinational mining companies in Ghana remains a major contributor to Ghana's economy. The exploitation of minerals, however, has come at great environmental and social costs, with numerous reports of environmental pollution, land dispossession, and the deprivation of livelihoods. This article argues that Ghana's human rights regulatory framework does not provide sufficient guidance on responsible human rights conduct in the mining industry, resulting in corporate human rights violations. Thus, drawing on international best practices, among other initiatives, this article recommends that Ghana should adopt the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to provide the needed guidance. It specifically calls on the State to enact appropriate legislation on compliance reporting and human rights due diligence. Additionally, it advises the State to integrate the UNGPs into judicial decision-making and negotiate human rights provisions in bilateral investment treaties. Finally, the article acknowledges the potential influence of the home states of multinational corporations (MNCs), particularly through the implementation of reporting requirements, in order to regulate and monitor the activities of MNCs with a view to reconciling respect for human rights with the business objectives of MNCs.
The Preliminary Reference Procedure of the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice: Why Would the Courts Not Play?
Authors: Ebobrah Solomon T.
Published: August 2024

In what can generally be described as mimicry of the design and functioning of the preliminary reference procedure in the European Union legal framework, leaders of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) introduced the preliminary reference procedure into the ECOWAS legal framework in a 2015 revision of the Protocol of the ECOWAS Court. However, unlike the European equivalent which has been hailed as a tremendous success, the procedure has been a monumental failure in the ECOWAS framework, as not a single reference has emanated from any national court to the ECOWAS Court in the 17 years since the introduction of the procedure. Adopting a doctrinal research approach, this article explores why national courts of ECOWAS Member States are not likely to cooperate with the ECOWAS Court to successfully operationalise the procedure. It is argued that structural challenges as well as the absence of the enabling environment create nearly insurmountable obstacles to the functioning of the procedure in the ECOWAS framework.
Chronic systolic heart failure: association of remodeling of the right heart and renal dysfunction with cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Molchanova Zh. V. , Ivannikov A. A. , Musaeva F. M. , Ivanov D. I. , Kosolapov D. A. , Alidzhanova H. G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Ischemic (ICMP) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) are the leading causes of chronic heart failure (CHF) with the most frequent indication for heart transplantation. The similarity of these diseases consists in the widespread and high mortality rate due to pathological remodeling of both the left and right chambers of the heart, which is accompanied by the progression of CHF, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death.

The purpose of the study. To study the relationship of systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) with remodeling of the right heart, renal dysfunction and their relationship with cardiac arrhythmia.

Materials and methods. The study included 72 patients with CHF with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF), who were being treated at the N. V. Sklifosovsky Scientific Research Institute of EM in connection with worsening CHF. Group I consisted of 48 patients with DCMP; group II – 24 patients with ICMP.

Results. LV ejection fraction (LV EF) in patients of both groups was <30 %, but it was significantly lower in group I (p=0.001). The EF of the right ventricle (RV) in group I was low and amounted to 24.6 [19.5; 28.5]%. In group I, the volume of the right atrium (PP) and the size of the pancreas correlated with LV EF (r= –0.489, p=0.015 and r= –0.410, p=0.005, respectively); each subsequent increase in the volume of right atrium (RA) by 1 ml increased the likelihood of atrial fibrillation (AF) by 1.018 times (OR: 1.018, 95 % CI: 1.0042–1.033, p=0.011). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 increased the chances of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by 9.5 times (OR: 9.5, 95 % CI: 2.32–38.87, p=0.002). Each subsequent decrease in eGFR by 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 increased the chances of developing VT by 1.03 times (OR: 0.967, 95 % CI: 0.937–0.988, p=0.036)].

Conclusions. In patients with CHFrEF, regardless of the etiology, a decrease in LV EF leads to structural and functional changes in the right parts of the heart. In individuals with DCMP, an increase in RA volume by 1 ml increases the likelihood of AF by 1.018 times; a decrease in eGFR by 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 increases the chances of developing VT by 1.03 times.
Brincar, tocar, experimentar, criar:
Authors: Rodrigues Penha Gustavo , Ferraz Mello Filho Silvio
Published: August 2024

Esse artigo aborda algumas questões técnicas, poéticas e conceituais implicadas em Játékok [Jogos], do compositor húngaro György Kurtág. Ao longo do artigo, são abordadas ideias do próprio compositor, tanto do ponto de vista composicional quanto didático-pedagógico, em cruzamento com ideias de outros compositores com os quais se traça uma lúdica e criativa tradição húngara de ensino musical. Além disso, busca-se melhor compreender a potência do brincar na vida e no desenvolvimento infantil, por meio de conceitos e concepções da filosofia e da psicologia contemporânea, e como uma tal potência foi composicionalmente explorada por Kurtág em Jogos. As abordagens conceituais são entremeadas por análises de algumas peças dos Jogos. O objetivo do estudo é contribuir na compreensão e aplicação de processos de ensino e aprendizagem instrumental atentos a uma possível aliança entre a exploração de gestualidades físico-corporais lúdicas e prazenteiras com sonoridades e pensamentos musicais contemporâneos.
Development of a high-speed imaging system for real time evaluation and monitoring of cardiac engineered tissues
Authors: Belzil Antoine , Gélinas Roselle , Comtois Philippe
Published: August 2024

Stem cell derived cardiac monolayers have high potential for tissue regeneration, in vitro drug testing and disease modeling. However, current differentiation protocols are still sub-optimal, resulting in cultures with variable yields and properties. We propose a high-speed lenseless imaging system, integrated with an electrical stimulation unit, to optimize the generation of these cultures. This tool relies on the variations of cellular patterns, during contraction, measured by digital imaging. The imaging system can monitor cardiac cell sheet function and structure, providing the necessary tools to quickly evaluate engineered monolayer. It can record high speed videos and capture high resolution images, from which tissue spatial organization and contractile characteristics can be obtained. Validation of the system was performed using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The imaging system allows the observation, acquisition and analysis of important data relating to contractile activity development of cardiac cells, making it a promising tool for optimization in cardiac tissue engineering.
Assessing the validity of simplified heating and cooling demand calculation methods: The case of Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) and Radiant Time Series Method (RTSM)
Authors: Al Shawa Bashar
Published: August 2024

To align the buildings sector with the 1.5°C climate change trajectory, enormous improvements in energy efficiency are needed. It is therefore crucial that the tools used to evaluate buildings’ energy use undergo robust testing. This paper tests, for the first time, the outcome of the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) and an author-modified version of the Radiant Time Series Method (RTSM), following the Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST). The results show that while the validity of the modified-RTSM is slightly superior to that of the PHPP, both tools pass less than 35% of the cases—necessitating further calibration and challenging the widely-held belief that the PHPP is ‘validated’. As the PHPP and the modified-RTSM present a relatively simple and quick way of evaluating buildings’ energy performance, calibrating their methodologies so they pass the BESTEST cases could put them at an advantage over the fully dynamic and resource-intensive tools.
Essential functions of RNA helicase Vasa in maintaining germline stem cells and piRNA-guided Stellate silencing in Drosophila spermatogenesis
Authors: Adashev Vladimir E. , Kotov Alexei A. , Bazylev Sergei S. , Kombarov Ilia A. , Olenkina Oxana M. , Shatskikh Aleksei S. , Olenina Ludmila V.
Published: August 2024

DEAD-box RNA helicase Vasa is required for gonad development and fertility in multiple animals. Vasa is implicated in many crucial aspects of Drosophila oogenesis, including translation regulation, primordial germ cell specification, piRNA silencing of transposable elements, and maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs). However, data about Vasa functions in Drosophila spermatogenesis remain controversial. Here we showed that loss-of-function vasa mutations led to failures of GSC maintenance in the testes, a severe loss of total germ cell content, and a cessation of male fertility over time. Defects in GSC maintenance in vasa mutant testes were not associated with an increasing frequency of programmed cell death, indicating that a premature loss of GSCs occurred via entering differentiation. We found that Vasa is implicated in the positive regulation of rhino expression both in the testes and ovaries. The introduction of a transgene copy of rhino, encoding a nuclear component of piRNA pathway machinery, in vasa mutant background allowed us to restore premeiotic stages of spermatogenesis, including the maintenance of GSCs and the development of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. However, piRNA-guided repression of Stellate genes in spermatocytes of vasa mutant testes with additional rhino copy was not restored, and male fertility was disrupted. Our study uncovered a novel mechanistic link involving Vasa and Rhino in a regulatory network that mediates GSC maintenance but is dispensable for the perfect biogenesis of Su(Ste) piRNAs in testes. Thus, we have shown that Vasa functions in spermatogenesis are essential at two distinct developmental stages: in GSCs for their maintenance and in spermatocytes for piRNA-mediated silencing of Stellate genes.
Time to assess more than prognosis: advancements and challenges in transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions
Authors: Rudolph Felix , Ivannikova Maria , Rudolph Tanja K. , Rudolph Volker , Gerçek Muhammed , Friedrichs Kai P.
Published: August 2024

We provide an overview about the current landscape of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) and summarize recent findings from trials including TRILUMINATE, TRILUMINATE Pivotal, bRIGHT, TRICLASP, TRISCEND, TRISCEND II, TRICUS, and Cardioband TR EFS. These studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of TTVI. Yet, they have failed to show a prognostic benefit over conservative treatment. On the other hand, significant improvements in health status assessments have been observed. Assessment of right ventricular (RV) function prior to tricuspid interventions is crucial, as changes in preload and afterload may lead to RV failure which is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, this review emphasizes the impact of TTVIs on quality of life and explores the influence of RV dysfunction on therapeutic success and prognosis.
Genetic associations between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mediated by plasma metabolites: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zheng XuWen , Chen MaoBing , Zhuang Yi , Zhao Liang , Qian YongJun , Xu Jin , Fan JinNuo
Published: August 2024

Background

Numerous research studies have indicated a possible association between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and gut microbiota. To explore specific metabolic pathways connecting gut microbiota and T2DM, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) techniques.

Methods

This research utilized data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that are publicly accessible. We evaluated the genetic correlation between gut microbiota and T2DM using LDSC. Causality was primarily determined through the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To verify the robustness of our results, we conducted sensitivity analyses using several approaches, including the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. We integrated summary effect estimates from LDSC, along with forward and reverse MR, into a meta-analysis for T2DM using various data sources. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to explore the impact of plasma metabolites on the relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM.

Results

Our study indicated a significant genetic correlation between genus RuminococcaceaeUCG005 (Rg = −0.26, Rg_P = 2.07×10−4) and T2DM. Moreover, the forward MR analysis identified genus RuminococcaceaeUCG010 (OR = 0.857, 95% CI 0.795, 0.924; P = 6.33×10−5) and order Clostridiales (OR = 0.936, 95% CI 0.878, 0.997; P = 0.039) as being significantly associated with a decreased risk of T2DM. The analysis also highlighted several plasma metabolites as significant mediators in these relationships, with metabolites like octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC) and branched chain 14:0 dicarboxylic acid being notably involved.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate a significant impact of gut microbiota on T2DM via plasma metabolites, suggesting potential metabolic pathways for therapeutic targeting. This study enhances our understanding of the microbiota’s role in T2DM pathogenesis and supports the development of microbiota-based interventions.
Wake interference of tandem wind turbines considering pitch strategy based on the AL-LDS-Ωnew coupling method
Authors: Ji Renwei , Kong Ming , Sun Ke , Zhang Jianhua , Zhu Renqing , Yin Minwei , Zhang Yuquan , Fernandez-Rodriguez E.
Published: August 2024

This paper establishes a high-fidelity and efficient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical method (AL-LDS-Ωnew) for wind turbine wake by combining the actuator line (AL), the localized dynamic Smagorinsky (LDS) sub-grid scale (SGS), and the new generation Ωnew vortex identification method under the framework of large eddy simulation. The model advantages are encouraging: 1) In terms of turbine modeling, the AL model is adopted to replace the traditional three-dimensional solid model, which avoids solving the boundary layer on the blade surface and improves computational efficiency; 2) In terms of wake simulation, the LDS SGS model is used to model turbulence, reducing vortex dissipation and further improving the refinement of turbine wake; 3) In terms of vortex identification, the new generation Ωnew vortex identification method avoids the difficult threshold selection in previous vortex identification and captures more refined vortex structures. The accuracy of the model is validated against published data of a NREL 5 MW wind turbine, and then extended to simulate the wake interference of tandem twin-rotor turbines by changing the pitch angle of the upstream wind turbine (WT1). The influence mechanisms between array wake interference and energy conversion efficiency under the pitch strategy are explored, demonstrating the AL-LDS-Ωnew coupling method is computationally accurate and efficient for simulating the complex wake interference. From analyses, the pitch strategy can effectively suppress the wake effect of the upstream turbine (WT1) and increase the power output of the downstream turbine (WT2), thus improving the overall output power of the array farm. Compared with the non-pitch condition (0 pitch angle), a pitch angle of (2°) maximizes the global energy conversion efficiency of the twin-rotor array: power augmentation by 0.29%, and thrust reduction by 5%. This optimal state reduces the fatigue load of the turbine and is more conducive to long-term operation. The findings, whilst preliminary, encourage the use of turbine pitch strategies in the wind farm planning and operation.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Li Tongtong , Niu Yongchao , Pang Jun , Geng Shuang , Wang Yangyang , Li Ji , Xiong Yanna , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANP) had become an important source of water pollution, which seriously restricted the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. As the primary agricultural production base in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Hebei had serious ANP. In order to clarify the current status of ANP in Hebei and figure out the main pollution source and areas, ANP load of Hebei from 2000 to 2021 were evaluated by the export coefficient modeling (ECM) and spatial-temporal characteristics were carried out using geographic information system (GIS). In addition, ANP severity and emission characteristics of Hebei in 2021 were evaluated. The results showed that the environmental impact of ANP in southwest area was obviously more serious than that in northeast area of Hebei. Especially, ANP emissions in Hebei showed significant decreasing inflection points in 2007 and 2017, respectively, reaching a minimum by 2021. The TN and TP emissions of ANP in Hebei were 315,026.1 t and 50,323.76 t in 2021, respectively. The contribution of agricultural land, livestock and poultry breeding and rural life to TN and TP emissions were 37%, 34%, 29% and 20%, 61% and 18%, respectively. The ANP pollution mainly came from livestock and poultry breeding in Hebei Province. Based on cluster analysis, cities in Hebei were divided into four types, and the control strategies for ANP environment management were put forward.
Prognostic value of four immune-related genes in lower-grade gliomas: a biomarker discovery study
Authors: Wang Shuowen , Wang Zijun , Liu Zhuo , Wu Jianxin
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The tumor microenvironment and IRGs are highly correlated with tumor occurrence, progression, and prognosis. However, their roles in grade II and III gliomas, termed LGGs in this study, remain to be fully elucidated. Our research aims to develop immune-related features for risk stratification and prognosis prediction in LGG.

Methods

Using the ssGSEA method, we assessed the immune characteristics of the LGG population. We conducted differential analysis using LGG samples from the TCGA database and normal samples from GTEx, identifying 412 differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). Subsequently, we utilized univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses to establish both a gene predictive model and a nomogram predictive model.

Results

Here, we found that the ESTIMATE score, immune score and stromal score of high-immunity, high-grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioma were higher than those of the corresponding group, and the tumor purity was lower. Higher ESTIMATE scores, stromal scores and immune scores indicated a poor prognosis in patients with LGG. Our four-gene prognostic model demonstrated superior accuracy compared to other molecular features. Validation using the CGGA as a testing set and the combined TCGA and CGGA cohort confirmed its robust prognostic value. Additionally, a nomogram integrating the prognostic model and clinical variables showed enhanced predictive capability.

Discussion

Our study highlights the prognostic significance of the identified four DEIRGs (KLRC3, MR1, PDIA2, and RFXAP) in LGG patients. The predictive model and nomogram developed herein offer valuable tools for personalized treatment strategies in LGG. Future research should focus on further validating these findings and exploring the functional roles of these DEIRGs within the LGG tumor microenvironment.
Case Report: Whole exome sequencing identifies compound heterozygous variants in the TRAPPC9 gene in a child with developmental delay
Authors: Yu Bingxuan , Chen Jing , Yang Shuo , Wang He , Xiao Yuanyuan , Liu Shanling
Published: August 2024

Background

Developmental delay in children under 5 years old, which occurs globally with an incidence of 10%–15%, is caused by multiple factors including genetics, prenatal conditions, perinatal complications, postnatal influences, social factors, and nutritional deficiencies. Gene variants such as EFNB1, MECP2 and TRAPPC9 play a significant role in protein deformation and downregulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity.

Methods

A 3-year-old girl, who exhibits poor gross motor skills, personal-social development, auditory language, hand-eye coordination, and visual performance, was diagnosed with global developmental delay. Trio whole exome sequencing was conducted to identify the genetic etiology of her condition. The identified genetic etiology was then validated through Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

Genetic analysis revealed that the patient had compound heterozygous variants in the TRAPPC9 gene. These include a c.1928del frameshift variant inherited from the unaffected father and a deletion in exon 12 inherited from the unaffected mother. According to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, these variants were classified as “likely pathogenic”.

Conclusion

The study revealed that compound heterozygous TRAPPC9 gene variants cause developmental delay in a Chinese girl. These variants have been classified as having significant pathogenic effect according to the ACMG criteria, suggesting a recessive genetic pattern and highlighting the importance of prenatal testing for future offspring. Furthermore, our findings expand the genotype spectrum of the TRAPPC9 gene, and provide more comprehensive information regarding genetic counseling for children experiencing developmental delay.
BAFF neutralization impairs the autoantibody-mediated clearance of dead adipocytes and aggravates obesity-induced insulin resistance
Authors: Lempicki Melissa D. , Gray Jake A. , Abuna Gabriel , Murata Ramiro M. , Divanovic Senad , McNamara Coleen A. , Meher Akshaya K.
Published: August 2024

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a critical TNF-family cytokine that regulates homeostasis and peripheral tolerance of B2 cells. BAFF overproduction promotes autoantibody generation and autoimmune diseases. During obesity, BAFF is predominantly produced by white adipose tissue (WAT), and IgG autoantibodies against adipocytes are identified in the WAT of obese humans. However, it remains to be determined if the autoantibodies formed during obesity affect WAT remodeling and systemic insulin resistance. Here, we show that IgG autoantibodies are generated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice that bind to apoptotic adipocytes and promote their phagocytosis by macrophages. Next, using murine models of obesity in which the gonadal WAT undergoes remodeling, we found that BAFF neutralization depleted IgG autoantibodies, increased the number of dead adipocytes, and exacerbated WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. RNA sequencing of the stromal vascular fraction from the WAT revealed decreased expression of immunoglobulin light-chain and heavy-chain variable genes suggesting a decreased repertoire of B cells after BAFF neutralization. Further, the B cell activation and the phagocytosis pathways were impaired in the WAT of BAFF-neutralized mice. In vitro, plasma IgG fractions from BAFF-neutralized mice reduced the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic adipocytes. Altogether, our study suggests that IgG autoantibodies developed during obesity, at least in part, dampens exacerbated WAT inflammation and systemic insulin resistance.
Microplastics and gut microbiomes impact on Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys in the Three Parallel Rivers region in China
Authors: Xia Wancai , Zhou Jiajie , Lu Zhongwei , Li Liang , Zhang Yuan , Fan Shiyuan , Krzton Ali , Li Dayong
Published: August 2024

Background

Microplastics (MPs) has been rapidly increasing and interacting with wildlife. As the highest altitudes inhabited non-human primate, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) have been proven to be an umbrella and flagship species to indicate ecosystem changes and help develop environmental management strategies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the behavioral and ecological reasons for the types, content and differences of MPs in the feces of R. bieti, and explored the effects of MPs on gut microbiome of R. bieti.

Methods

We used the Agilent 8700 LDIR to identify the abundance and size distribution of MPs in fecal samples, and then analyzed the causes of differences in MPs content by combining data from different populations (wild group, provisioned wild group) and dominance hierarchy. At the same times, the relationships were investigated between gut microbiome diversity and MPs content.

Results

We first demonstrate MPs ingestion by R. bieti, which highlights the potential impacts of MPs pollution in such high-altitude, inaccessible protected areas. A total of 36 types of MPs were detected, with an average of 75.263 ± 58.141MPs/g. Food provisioning and tourism significantly increased the content of MPs in the feces of R. bieti, but tourism alone did not significantly increase the content of MPs as food provisioning. At the same time, the study found that there was no significant difference in the content of MPs between different sex groups, however, the feces MPs content of adult R. bieti was significantly lower than that of juvenile, and the social dominance hierarchies among OMUs was positively correlated with the exposure of MPs. The current level of MPs pollution did not cause gut microbiome dysbiosis of R. bieti.

Conclusion

Our study proved from behavioral and ecological perspectives that the R. bieti exposure to MPs was related to provisioned food, and was closely related to dominance hierarchy and age. From the perspective of intestinal microbiology, it was proved that the current intake of MPs did not cause gut microbiome dysbiosis of R. bieti. Our study provided scientific basis for formulating effective protection measures and promoting the effective protection of rare and endangered animals.
Alzheimer’s disease: a review on the current trends of the effective diagnosis and therapeutics
Authors: Abdul Manap Aimi Syamima , Almadodi Reema , Sultana Shirin , Sebastian Maheishinii Grace , Kavani Kenil Sureshbhai , Lyenouq Vanessa Elle , Shankar Aravind
Published: August 2024

The most prevalent cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive decline and accelerating memory loss characterize it. Alzheimer’s disease advances sequentially, starting with preclinical stages, followed by mild cognitive and/or behavioral impairment, and ultimately leading to Alzheimer’s disease dementia. In recent years, healthcare providers have been advised to make an earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, prior to individuals developing Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Regrettably, the identification of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in clinical settings can be arduous due to the tendency of patients and healthcare providers to disregard symptoms as typical signs of aging. Therefore, accurate and prompt diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is essential in order to facilitate the development of disease-modifying and secondary preventive therapies prior to the onset of symptoms. There has been a notable shift in the goal of the diagnosis process, transitioning from merely confirming the presence of symptomatic AD to recognizing the illness in its early, asymptomatic phases. Understanding the evolution of disease-modifying therapies and putting effective diagnostic and therapeutic management into practice requires an understanding of this concept. The outcomes of this study will enhance in-depth knowledge of the current status of Alzheimer’s disease’s diagnosis and treatment, justifying the necessity for the quest for potential novel biomarkers that can contribute to determining the stage of the disease, particularly in its earliest stages. Interestingly, latest clinical trial status on pharmacological agents, the nonpharmacological treatments such as behavior modification, exercise, and cognitive training as well as alternative approach on phytochemicals as neuroprotective agents have been covered in detailed.
The nucleus accumbens in reward and aversion processing: insights and implications
Authors: Xu Ying , Lin Yingjie , Yu Ming , Zhou Kuikui
Published: August 2024

The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central component of the brain’s reward circuitry, has been implicated in a wide range of behaviors and emotional states. Emerging evidence, primarily drawing from recent rodent studies, suggests that the function of the NAc in reward and aversion processing is multifaceted. Prolonged stress or drug use induces maladaptive neuronal function in the NAc circuitry, which results in pathological conditions. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date insights on the role of the NAc in motivated behavior regulation and highlights areas that demand further in-depth analysis. It synthesizes the latest findings on how distinct NAc neuronal populations and pathways contribute to the processing of opposite valences. The review examines how a range of neuromodulators, especially monoamines, influence the NAc’s control over various motivational states. Furthermore, it delves into the complex underlying mechanisms of psychiatric disorders such as addiction and depression and evaluates prospective interventions to restore NAc functionality.
Does emotional valence affect cognitive performance and neurophysiological response during decision making? A preliminary study
Authors: Balconi Michela , Rovelli Katia
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the impact of the emotional valence of external situations (EVES) on cognitive performance and electrophysiological (EEG) responses during decision-making. 26 healthy adults underwent a modified version of the Trier social stress test, performing five interview-style discourses. Each discourse entailed preparing a speech under increasingly stressful conditions. Participants were also exposed to gradually increasing EVES (i.e., an examining committee displaying progressively more negative-connoted emotional facial expressions). In addition, after each speech, participants completed an arithmetic task to test how emotional manipulation affected cognitive performance. Behavioral data (preparation times) and EEG data (frequency bands) were collected to assess stress regulation, stress resilience, and cognitive performance. The results indicate that EVES significantly influenced stress regulation and resilience, as reflected in the behavioral data. Neurophysiological findings showed increased parietal lobe activity (P4) in the theta and delta bands with rising emotional valence, plateauing from the preparation of the second discourse onward. This suggests enhanced emotional processing and attentional demands. However, gamma band activity decreased in P4 during the preparations for the two discourses following the first, indicating a shift of cognitive resources from higher cognitive functions to emotional processing. This highlights the cognitive cost of maintaining performance and stress regulation under emotionally charged conditions. Such findings suggest that emotional valence modulates cognitive performance and that specific neural mechanisms are involved in managing stress responses. The findings underscore the complex relationship between emotion, cognition, and neural mechanisms, offering valuable insights for stress regulation and resilience, and enhancing performance under pressure.
Diet affordability: a key dimension in the assessment of sustainable food systems and healthy diets
Authors: Chungchunlam Sylvia M. S. , Moughan Paul J.
Published: August 2024

A promulgated global shift toward a plant-based diet is largely in response to a perceived negative environmental impact of animal food production, but the nutritional adequacy and economic implications of plant-sourced sustainable healthy dietary patterns need to be considered. This paper reviews recent modeling studies using Linear Programming to determine the respective roles of animal- and plant-sourced foods in developing a least-cost diet in the United States and New Zealand. In both economies, least-cost diets were found to include animal-based foods, such as milk, eggs, fish, and seafood, to meet the energy and nutrient requirements of healthy adults at the lowest retail cost. To model a solely plant-based least-cost diet, the prevailing costs of all animal-sourced foods had to be increased by 1.1 to 11.5 times their original retail prices. This led to the inclusion of fortified plant-based foods, such as fortified soymilk, and a plant-based diet that was considerably (34–45%) more costly. The first-limiting essential nutrients were mostly the vitamins and minerals, with special focus on pantothenic acid, zinc, and vitamin B-12, when transitioning from an animal- and plant-containing least-cost diet to a plant-only based least-cost diet. Modeled least-cost diets based on contemporary food costs include animal-sourced foods, at least for developed high-income US and NZ food economies, and potentially for developing low- and middle-income countries, such as Indonesia. Modeling of least-cost diets that consist exclusively of plant-based foods is feasible, but at a higher daily diet cost, and these diets are often close to limiting for several key nutrients. Diet affordability, as a key dimension of sustainable healthy diets, and the respective economic roles of animal- and plant-sourced foods need to be considered.
Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors of lung metastasis in sacral chordoma: a cross-sectional cohort study of 221 cases
Authors: Shi Qianyu , Guo Wei , Yu Siyue , Xu Jiuhui , Ji Tao , Tang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Limited studies are available on the topic of lung metastasis in sacral chordoma. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, associated factors, and prognosis of lung metastasis in sacral chordoma.

Methods

A total of 221 cases with primary sacral chordoma, all of whom underwent surgical resection at our center, were included in this study. Comprehensive demographic information, imaging findings, and oncological evaluations were collected and thoroughly analyzed. The diagnosis of lung metastasis in the majority of cases was established through radiographic examinations.

Results

The prevalence of lung metastasis in the cohort was 19.5%, with the lung emerging as the predominant site of distant metastasis. Recurrent chordoma cases exhibited a significantly higher lung metastasis rate in comparison to newly diagnosed chordoma cases (33.33% and 12.76%, p=0.0005). Patients with lung metastasis had a larger tumor size, a higher proportion of previous sacral chordoma surgeries and a greater likelihood of postoperative recurrence. Associated factors of lung metastasis were tumor size, postoperative recurrence and radiotherapy. Patients with lung metastasis exhibited decreased median overall survival (91 vs. 144 months for those without lung metastasis, p<0.05) and recurrence-free survival (27 vs. 68 months, p<0.001) times.

Discussion

Lung is the most common site of distant metastasis in sacral chordoma with an incidence rate nearly 20%. Larger tumor size and postoperative recurrence are risk factors for lung metastasis while radiotherapy is a protective factor. Occurrence of lung metastasis in sacral chordoma is a negative prognostic factor.
Intraperitoneal spread in uterine sarcoma following unprotected laparoscopic transvaginal uterine morcellation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sun Jianhao , Jiao Xinjuan , Wu Zhenzhen , Yao Tingting , Tuo Shumei , Wang Yueyuan , Chen Ruirong , He Jing , Qian Jifang , Xu Shengfang , Liu Qing
Published: August 2024

Clinically and through auxiliary examinations, distinguishing uterine leiomyoma from early-stage uterine sarcoma presents significant challenges. A 48-year-old patient underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma, during which a large uterus was excised through the vagina and extracted. Four months post-operation, the patient developed abdominal distension, indicative of extensive pelvic-abdominal dissemination of uterine sarcoma. We hypothesize that unprotected fibroid fragmentation increases the risk of uterine sarcoma spread, thereby worsening the prognosis. Our literature review aims to thoroughly understand the risks associated with unprotected transvaginal laparoscopic tumor division.
Clinical experience with adaptive MRI-guided pancreatic SBRT and the use of abdominal compression to reduce treatment volume
Authors: Ferris William S. , George Benjamin , Plichta Kristin A. , Caster Joseph M. , Hyer Daniel E. , Smith Blake R. , St-Aubin Joel J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This work presents a method to treat stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer on a magnetic resonance-guided linear accelerator (MR-linac) using daily adaptation, real-time motion monitoring, and abdominal compression.

Methods

The motion management and treatment planning process involves a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulation with cine and 3D images, a computed tomography (CT) simulation with a breath-hold CT and a 4DCT, pre-treatment verification and planning MRI, and intrafraction MRI cine images.

Results

The results from 26 patients were included in this work. Our motion management process results in consistent motion analysis on the CT simulation, MRI simulation, and each treatment fraction. The liver dome was found to be an overestimate of tumor superior/inferior (SI) motion for most patients. Adding compression reduced SI liver dome motion by 6.2 mm on average. Clinical outcomes are similar to those observed in the literature.

Conclusions

In this work, we demonstrate how pancreatic SBRT can be successfully treated on an MR-linac using abdominal compression. This allows for an increased duty cycle compared to gating and/or breath-hold techniques.
Adverse event reporting of the IGF-1R monoclonal antibody teprotumumab: a real-world study based on the US food and drug administration adverse event reporting system
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Tao Yong
Published: August 2024

Background

Teprotumumab, an IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, has shown significant efficacy in treating thyroid eye disease (TED). However, since teprotumumab was launched in 2020 and first approved in the United States, there were limited reports of post-marketing adverse events (AEs). In this study, we aimed to mine and analyze the AEs signals with teprotumumab on the basis of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to provide instructions in clinical practice concerning adverse reactions and assistance in drug development and import/export into other countries.

Methods

All AE reports were obtained from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2020 to the fourth quarter of 2023. To comprehensively analyze the AEs, we applied four disproportionality analysis algorithms, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms.

Results

A total of 687 reports from 200 patients related to administration of teprotumumab were obtained, and 78% of the cases was female. Signal detection of teprotumumab at the system organ class (SOC) level included gastrointestinal disorders, ear and labyrinth disorders, general disorders and administration site conditions, nervous system disorders, and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders. AEs that ranked top five at the preferred terms (PTs) level were muscle spasms, fatigue, tinnitus, headache, and deafness. The median time to those AEs onsets was 48 days (interquartile range 19.0–92.0 days) after administering drugs. Additionally, our results indicated the AEs in reproductive system and breast disorders because the prevalence of TED was more common in women.

Conclusion

This study identified many AEs associated with teprotumumab and unveiled potential new AE signals. These results can provide valuable evidence for further clinical application of teprotumumab and are important in enhancing clinical medication safety.
11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoics induces cellular hypertrophy in an enantioselective manner
Authors: Helal Sara A. , El-Sherbeni Ahmed A. , El-Kadi Ayman O. S.
Published: August 2024

Background

R/S enantiomers of 11-hydroxyeicosatertraenoic acid (11-HETE) are formed from arachidonic acid by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. 11-HETE is predominately formed by the cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1). The role of CYP1B1 in the development of cardiovascular diseases is well established.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the cellular hypertrophic effect of 11-HETE enantiomers in human RL-14 cardiomyocyte cell line and to examine their association with CYP1B1 levels.

Methods

Human fetal ventricular cardiomyocyte, RL-14 cells, were treated with 20 µM (R) or (S) 11-HETE for 24 h. Thereafter, cellular hypertrophic markers and cell size were then determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and phase-contrast imaging, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of selected CYPs were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. In addition, we examined the effect of (R) and (S) 11-HETE on CYP1B1 catalytic activity using human recombinant CYP1B1 and human liver microsomes.

Results

Both (R) and (S) 11-HETE induced cellular hypertrophic markers and cell surface area in RL-14 cells. Both enantiomers significantly upregulated CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP4F2, and CYP4A11 at the mRNA and protein levels, however, the effect of the S-enantiomer was more pronounced. Furthermore, 11(S)-HETE increased the mRNA and protein levels of CYP2J and CYP4F2, whereas 11(R)-HETE increased only CYP4F2. Only 11(S)-HETE significantly increased the catalytic activity of CYP1B1 in recombinant human CYP1B1, suggesting allosteric activation in an enantioselective manner.

Conclusion

Our study provides the first evidence that 11-HETE can induce cellular hypertrophy in RL-14 cells via the increase in CYP1B1 mRNA, protein, and activity levels.