bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutation of the
murC
and
murB
Genes Impairs Heterocyst Differentiation in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120
Authors: Videau Patrick , Rivers Orion S. , Ushijima Blake , Oshiro Reid T. , Kim Min Joo , Philmus Benjamin , Cozy Loralyn M.
Published: January 2016

To stabilize cellular integrity in the face of environmental perturbations, most bacteria, including cyanobacteria, synthesize and maintain a strong, flexible, three-dimensional peptidoglycan lattice.
Anabaena
sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of differentiating morphologically distinct nitrogen-fixing heterocyst cells in a periodic pattern. While heterocyst development has been shown to require proper peptidoglycan remodeling, the role of peptidoglycan synthesis has remained unclear. Here we report the identification of two peptidoglycan synthesis genes,
murC
(
alr5065
) and
murB
(
alr5066
), as required for heterocyst development. The
murC
and
murB
genes are predicted to encode a UDP-
N
-acetylmuramate:
l
-alanine ligase and a UDP-
N
-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase, respectively, and we confirm enzymatic function through complementation of
Escherichia coli
strains deficient for these enzymes. Cells depleted of either
murC
or
murB
expression failed to differentiate heterocysts under normally inducing conditions and displayed decreased filament integrity. To identify the stage(s) of development affected by
murC
or
murB
depletion, the spatial distribution of expression of the patterning marker gene,
patS
, was examined. Whereas
murB
depletion did not affect the pattern of
patS
expression,
murC
depletion led to aberrant expression of
patS
in all cells of the filament. Finally, expression of
gfp
controlled by the region of DNA immediately upstream of
murC
was enriched in differentiating cells and was repressed by the transcription factor NtcA. Collectively, the data in this work provide evidence for a direct link between peptidoglycan synthesis and the maintenance of a biological pattern in a multicellular organism.

IMPORTANCE
Multicellular organisms that differentiate specialized cells must regulate morphological changes such that both cellular integrity and the dissemination of developmental signals are preserved. Here we show that the multicellular bacterium
Anabaena
, which differentiates a periodic pattern of specialized heterocyst cells, requires peptidoglycan synthesis by the murine ligase genes
murC
(
alr5065
) and
murB
(
alr5066
) for maintenance of patterned gene expression, filament integrity, and overall development. This work highlights the significant influence that intracellular structure and intercellular connections can have on the execution of a developmental program.
Role ofUTS2gene in the genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ding Wen-Hui , Chu Song-Yun , Jiang Jie , Zhou Jing , Xia Yu-Long , Wu Lin
Published: January 2016

Objective

Atrial fibrosis plays a key role in the inducibility and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Urotensin II (U-II/UTS2) induces cardiac fibrosis by increasing fibroblast collagen synthesis and increased U-II plasma levels have been reported in patients with atrial fibrosis. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the possible role of the UTS2 gene polymorphisms Thr21Met and Ser89Asn in the genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in a Chinese population.

Methods

A case–control study was designed to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes between controls (n=197) and patients with AF (n=197). The detection of UTS2 gene polymorphisms was undertaken using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

Results

We identified statistically significant differences between the atrial fibrillation and control groups with regard to the frequency of genotype variant GA at the Ser89Asn locus (OR 1.955, 95% CI 1.071 to 3.566, p=0.029). When stratified by sex, differences in genotype distribution of polymorphism Ser89Asn was only seen in men in the additive tested inheritance model (OR 2.843, 95% CI 1.273 to 6.348, p=0.011). There was a statistical difference in Met21Met, implying a potential beneficial role for atrial fibrillation in the recessive tested inheritance model among men (OR 0.260, 95% CI 0.075 to 0.89, p=0.033; AA vs GA-GG). For subjects with atrial fibrillation, the Met21Met genotype was associated with a larger anteroposterior left atrial diameter (AA vs GG, 4.12±0.62 vs 3.86±0.51, p=0.028) and a smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (AA vs GG, 4.50±0.48 vs 4.78±0.49, p=0.039).

Conclusions

Ser89Asn polymorphisms of the UTS2 gene are significantly associated with atrial fibrillation in the Chinese population. Additionally, we demonstrated that genotype Met21Met may have a potential beneficial role in atrial fibrillation.
The land sharks are on the squawk box
Authors: Stonebraker Michael
Published: January 2016

It turns out riding across America is more than a handy metaphor for building system software.
Risk Factors of Fatigue in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease in a Polish Population
Authors: Gołąb-Janowska Monika , Kotlęga Dariusz , Safranow Krzysztof , Meller Agnieszka , Budzianowska Anna , Honczarenko Krystyna
Published: January 2016

Introduction.Fatigue syndrome is one of the nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the study was assessment of prevalence of fatigue syndrome in PD and answering the question what are the independent risk factors connected with intensity of fatigue in PD.Methods. 114 patients with idiopathic PD (mean age 62.2 + 10.8 years) were enrolled. The fatigue was assessed according to the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). We analyzed associations between fatigue and sex, age, education, duration and severity of the disease, everyday activity, intensity of the main symptoms, treatment, presence of dyskinesias and fluctuations, depression and excessive sleep during the day, and presence of pain and nycturia.Results. The fatigue syndrome was detected in 57.9% of patients. The score in the FSS was 1 to 7 points, 4.3 average. Greater fatigue intensity correlated with higher total daily levodopa equivalent dose. Patients with moderate depression had significantly greater fatigue.Conclusions. Fatigue syndrome affects 57.9% of patients with PD. Use of higher LED and presence of moderate depression are independent risk factors of greater intensity of fatigue.
Granisetron versus Granisetron-Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Sinha Renu , Shende Dilip , Maitra Souvik , Kumar Neeraj , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Mohan Virender Kumar
Published: January 2016

Aim.Efficacy of granisetron and combination of granisetron and dexamethasone was evaluated for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery.Methods.A total of 136 children (1–15 years) were included. Children received either granisetron (40 mcg/kg) [group G] or combination of granisetron (40 mcg/kg) and dexamethasone (150 mcg/kg) [group GD]. Intraoperative fentanyl requirement and incidence and severity of oculocardiac reflex were assessed. PONV severity was assessed for first 24 hours and if score was >2, it was treated with metoclopramide. Postoperative analgesia was administered with intravenous fentanyl and ibuprofen.Results.The demographic profile, muscles operated, and fentanyl requirement were comparable. Complete response to PONV in first 24 hours was observed in 75% (51/68) of children in group G and 76.9% (50/65) of children in group GD, which was comparable statistically (p=0.96, Fisher exact test; OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.50, 2.46). Incidence of PONV between 0 and 24 hours was comparable. One child in group G required rescue antiemetic in first 24 hours and none of the children had severe PONV in group GD. There was no significant difference in incidence or severity of oculocardiac reflex.Conclusion.Dexamethasone did not increase efficacy of granisetron for prevention of PONV in elective pediatric strabismus surgery. Registration number of clinical trial wasCTRI/2009/091/001000.
Design of a Broadband Inverted Conical Quadrifilar Helix Antenna
Authors: Mo Jingyan , Liu Wei , Fang Weidong , Xue Haigao , Lin Zhongchao
Published: January 2016

This paper introduces the design of a broadband inverted conical circularly polarized quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA). The antenna has many good characteristics, including wide beam and broad bandwidth, which are achieved by utilizing inverted conical geometry and adjusting the dimensions of the inverted conical support. The antenna is fed by a wideband network to provide 90° phase difference between the four arms with constant amplitude. The antenna impedance and axial ratio bandwidth values are more than 39% and 31.5%, respectively. The measured results coincide well with the simulated ones, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl: From Traditional Usage to Pharmacological Evidence
Authors: Liew Pearl Majorie , Yong Yoke Keong
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl belongs to the family of Verbenaceae and is commonly known as Gervao, Brazilian tea, verbena cimarrona, rooter comb, or blue porter weed. It is one of the important plants with high medicinal and nutraceutical benefits. S. jamaicensis contains various medicinal properties in traditional and folk medicinal systems, with cures for several diseases. Objective. The objective of this review paper is to collect information concerning the morphology, distribution, traditional usage, phytochemical compositions, biological activities, and safety data of S. jamaicensis. Materials and Methods. The information was obtained from literature search through electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar on S. jamaicensis. Results and Conclusion. The high medicinal properties of this plant, for instance, antimicrobial and antifungal effect as the main activities, but verbascoside as the main active chemical component, make it a valuable source of the medicinal compound. This review paper summarizes all information concerning the morphology, distribution, traditional usage, phytochemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and toxicological studies of S. jamaicensis.
Qualitative/Chemical Analyses of Ankaferd Hemostat and Its Antioxidant Content in Synthetic Gastric Fluids
Authors: Koluman Ahmet , Akar Nejat , Malkan Umit Y. , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C.
Published: January 2016

Introduction.Ankaferd hemostat (ABS) is the first topical haemostatic agent involving the red blood cell-fibrinogen interactions. The antihemorrhagic efficacy of ABS has been tested in controlled clinical trials. The drug induces the formation of an encapsulated complex protein web with vital erythroid aggregation. The aim of this study is to detect the essential toxicity profile and the antioxidant molecules inside ABS.Methods.The pesticides were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS. The determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion was performed for the heavy metals. HPLC was used for the detection of mycotoxins. Dioxin Response Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene Expression method was used for the dioxin evaluation. TOF-MS and spectra data were evaluated to detect the antioxidants and other molecules.Results.TOF-MS spectra revealed the presence of several antioxidant molecules (including tocotrienols, vitamin E, tryptophan, estriol, galangin, apigenin, oenin, 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, TBHQ, thymol, BHA, BHT, lycopene, glycyrrhetinic acid, and tomatine), which may have clinical implications in the pharmacobiological actions of ABS.Conclusion.The safety of ABS regarding the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, GMO and dioxins, and PCBs was demonstrated. Thus the present toxicological results indicated the safety of ABS. The antioxidant content of ABS should be investigated in future studies.
Relationship Between Early and Late Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) Trial
Authors: Bui An H. , Cannon Christopher P. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Storey Robert F. , Husted Steen , Guo Jianping , Im KyungAh , James Stefan K. , Michelson Eric L. , Himmelmann Anders , Held Claes , Varenhorst Christoph , Wallentin Lars , Scirica Benjamin M.
Published: January 2016

Background—

Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is common after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a marker of increased risk of arrhythmogenic death. However, the prognostic significance of NSVT when evaluated with other contemporary risk markers and at later time points after ACS remains uncertain.

Methods and Results—

In the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial, continuous ECGs were performed during the first 7 days after ACS (n=2866) and repeated for another 7 days at day 30 (n=1991). Median follow-up was 1 year. There was a time-varying interaction between NSVT and cardiovascular death such that NSVT was significantly associated with increased risk within the first 30 days after randomization (22/999 [2.2%] versus 16/1825 [0.9%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–5.79;
P
=0.004) but not after 30 days (28/929 [3.0%] versus 42/1734 [2.4%];
P
=0.71). Detection of NSVT during the convalescent phase (n=428/1991; 21.5%) was also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, and was most marked within the first 2 months after detection (1.9% versus 0.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–28.20;
P
=0.01), and then decreasing over time such that the relationship was no longer significant by ≈5 months after ACS.

Conclusions—

NSVT occurred frequently during the acute and convalescent phases of ACS. The risk of cardiovascular death associated with NSVT was the greatest during the first 30 days after presentation; however, patients with NSVT detected during the convalescent phase were also at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death that persisted for an additional several months after the index event.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00391872.
Patterns and Correlates of Baseline Thiazide-Type Diuretic Prescription in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Chang Tara I. , Evans Gregory , Cheung Alfred K. , Cushman William C. , Diamond Matthew J. , Dwyer Jamie P. , Huan Yonghong , Kitzman Dalane , Kostis John B. , Oparil Suzanne , Rastogi Anjay , Roumie Christianne L. , Sahay Rukmani , Stafford Randall S. , Taylor Addison A. , Wright Jackson T. , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: January 2016

Thiazides and thiazide-type diuretics are recommended as first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension, but contemporary information on their use in clinical practice is lacking. We examined patterns and correlates of thiazide prescription in a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from participants enrolled in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We examined baseline prescription of thiazides in 7582 participants receiving at least 1 antihypertensive medication by subgroup, and used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for thiazide prescription (versus no thiazide). Forty-three percent of all participants were prescribed a thiazide at baseline, but among participants prescribed a single agent, the proportion was only 16%. The prevalence of thiazide prescription differed significantly by demographic factors, with younger participants, women, and blacks all having higher adjusted prevalence of thiazide prescription than other corresponding subgroups. Participants in the lowest category of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) were half as likely to be prescribed a thiazide as participants with preserved kidney function. In conclusion, among persons with hypertension and heightened cardiovascular risk, we found that thiazide prescription varied significantly by demographics and kidney disease status, despite limited evidence about relative differences in effectiveness.
An Integrated Management Approach to Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Carter Lindsey , Gardner Martin , Magee Kirk , Fearon Ann , Morgulis Inna , Doucette Steve , Sapp John L. , Gray Chris , Abdelwahab Amir , Parkash Ratika
Published: January 2016

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia resulting in mortality and morbidity. Gaps in oral anticoagulation and education of patients regarding
AF
have been identified as areas that require improvement.

Methods and Results

A before‐and‐after study of 433 patients with newly diagnosed
AF
in the 3 emergency departments in Nova Scotia from January 1, 2011 until January 31, 2014 was performed. The “before” phase underwent the usual‐care pathway for
AF
management; the “after” phase was enrolled in a nurse‐run, physician‐supervised
AF
clinic. The primary outcome was a composite of death, cardiovascular hospitalization, and
AF
‐related emergency department visits. A propensity analysis was performed to account for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results

A total of 185 patients were enrolled into the usual‐care group, and 228 patients were enrolled in the
AF
clinic group. The mean age was 64±15 years and 44% were women. In a propensity‐matched analysis, the primary outcome occurred in 44 (26.2%) patients in the usual‐care group and 29 (17.3%) patients in the
AF
clinic group (odds ratio 0.71; 95%
CI
[0.59, 1];
P
=0.049) at 12 months. Prescription of oral anticoagulation was increased in the
CHADS
2
≥2 group (88.4% in the
AF
clinic versus 58.5% in the usual‐care group,
P
<0.01).

Conclusions

Adoption of this integrated management approach for the burgeoning population of
AF
may provide an overall benefit to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The Influence of Selective and Divided Attention on Audiovisual Integration in Children
Authors: Yang Weiping , Ren Yanna , yang Dan Ou , Yuan Xue , Wu Jinglong
Published: January 2016

This article aims to investigate whether there is a difference in audiovisual integration in school-aged children (aged 6 to 13 years; mean age = 9.9 years) between the selective attention condition and divided attention condition. We designed a visual and/or auditory detection task that included three blocks (divided attention, visual-selective attention, and auditory-selective attention). The results showed that the response to bimodal audiovisual stimuli was faster than to unimodal auditory or visual stimuli under both divided attention and auditory-selective attention conditions. However, in the visual-selective attention condition, no significant difference was found between the unimodal visual and bimodal audiovisual stimuli in response speed. Moreover, audiovisual behavioral facilitation effects were compared between divided attention and selective attention (auditory or visual attention). In doing so, we found that audiovisual behavioral facilitation was significantly difference between divided attention and selective attention. The results indicated that audiovisual integration was stronger in the divided attention condition than that in the selective attention condition in children. Our findings objectively support the notion that attention can modulate audiovisual integration in school-aged children. Our study might offer a new perspective for identifying children with conditions that are associated with sustained attention deficit, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The emergence of lethal surveillance: Watching and killing in the history of drone technology
Authors: Kindervater Katharine Hall
Published: January 2016

This article examines the history of the development of drone technology to understand the longer histories of surveillance and targeting that shape contemporary drone warfare. Drawing on archival research, the article focuses on three periods in the history of the drone: the early years during World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the 1990s. The history of the drone reveals two key trends in Western warfare: the increasing importance of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and the development of dynamic targeting. These trends converge today in a practice of lethal surveillance where ISR capabilities are directly linked to targeted killing, effectively merging mechanisms of surveillance and knowledge production with decisions on life and death. Taking this history of lethal surveillance into account not only reframes current debates on drone warfare, but also connects the drone to other practices of security and control.
Female Violence and Gender Gap Trends in Taiwan: Offender-Behavioral Changes or Net-Widening Enforcement Explanations?
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Li , Schwartz Jennifer
Published: January 2016

Two long-standing explanations of converging violence gender gap trends in the United States are net-widening enforcement and offender-behavioral changes. We examine these explanations in an Asian context, democratic Taiwan. We use sex-specific arrests, conviction, and imprisonment statistics for violent offenses, 1989 to 2012, to identify whether Taiwanese gender gaps are converging across the criminal justice system. This study did not identify a female violent crime “wave” but mainly stability, failing to support the offender-behavioral change hypothesis. There is limited evidence of net-widening enforcement of felony assault and domestic violence, where disparate impacts on female arrest trends are identified solely for domestic violence.
Opioid-induced constipation: advances and clinical guidance
Authors: Nelson Alfred D. , Camilleri Michael
Published: January 2016

Currently opioids are the most frequently used medications for chronic noncancer pain. Opioid-induced constipation is the most common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of opioids, having a major impact on quality of life. There is an increasing need to treat opioid-induced constipation. With the recent approval of medications for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation, there are several therapeutic approaches. This review addresses the clinical presentation and diagnosis of opioid-induced constipation, barriers to its diagnosis, effects of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract, differential tolerance to opiates in different gastrointestinal organs, medications approved and in development for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation, and a proposed clinical management algorithm for treating opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain.
Modulation of junction tension by tumor-suppressors and proto-oncogenes regulates cell-cell contacts
Authors: Bosveld Floris , Guirao Boris , Wang Zhimin , Rivière Mathieu , Bonnet Isabelle , Graner François , Bellaïche Yohanns
Published: January 2016

Tumor-suppressor and proto-oncogenes play critical roles in tissue proliferation. Furthermore, deregulation of their functions is deleterious to tissue architecture and can result in the sorting of somatic rounded clones minimizing their contact with surrounding wild-type (wt) cells. Defects in somatic clones shape correlate with defects in proliferation, cell affinity, cell-cell adhesion, oriented cell division and cortical elasticity. Combining genetics, live-imaging, laser ablation and computer simulations, we aim to analyze whether distinct or similar mechanisms can account for the common role of tumor-suppressor and proto-oncogenes in cell-cell contact regulation. In Drosophila epithelia, Fat (Ft) and Dachsous (Ds) tumor-suppressors regulate cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, planar cell polarity and junction tension. By analyzing the time evolution of ft mutant cells and clones, we show that ft clones reduce their cell-cell contact with surrounding wt tissue in the absence of concomitant cell divisions and over-proliferation. This contact reduction depends on opposite changes of junction tensions in the clone bulk and its boundary with neighboring wt tissue. More generally, either clone bulk or boundary junction tensions is modulated by the activation of Yorkie, Myc and Ras yielding similar contact reductions with wt cells. Together our data highlight mechanical roles for proto-oncogene and tumor-suppressor pathways in cell-cell interactions.
The Lhx9-Integrin pathway is essential for positioning of the proepicardial organ
Authors: Tandon Panna , Wilczewski Caralynn M. , Williams Clara E. , Conlon Frank L.
Published: January 2016

The development of the vertebrate embryonic heart occurs by hyperplastic growth as well as the incorporation of cells from tissues outside of the initial heart field. Amongst these tissues is the epicardium, a cell structure that develops from the precursor proepicardial organ on the right side of the septum transversum caudal to the developing heart. During embryogenesis cells of the proepicardial organ migrate, adhere and envelope the maturing heart forming the epicardium. The cells of the epicardium then delaminate and incorporate into the heart giving rise to cardiac derivatives including smooth muscle cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate that the LIM homeodomain protein Lhx9 is transiently expressed in Xenopus proepicardial cells and is essential for the position of the proepicardial organ on the septum transversum. Utilizing a small molecule screen we uncovered that Lhx9 acts upstream of Integrin-Paxillin signaling and consistently demonstrate that either loss of Lhx9 or disruption of the Integrin-Paxillin pathway results in mis-positioning of the proepicardial organ and aberrant deposition of extra-cellular matrix proteins. This leads to a failure of proepicardial cells to migrate and adhere to the heart and eventual death of the embryo. Collectively, these studies establish a requirement for the Lhx9-Integrin-Paxillin pathway in proepicardial organ positioning and epicardial formation.
Measuring impact: prospects and challenges for third sector organisations
Authors: Harlock Jenny , Metcalf Lindsey
Published: January 2016

Third sector organisations (TSOs) face increased pressures from funders and other stakeholders to measure their impact. In this paper we analyse some of the practical choices facing TSOs thinking about whether and how to measure their impact. We also consider the wider implications of the impact measurement agenda for the sector.
Comportamiento del viento local diurno en la cuenca del río Llobregat
Authors: Comalrena de Sobregrau Bailina Jordi
Published: January 2016

El estudio de los datos meteorológicos de cinco estaciones representativas de la cuenca del río Llobregat (veranos de 2006, 2007 y 2009) para establecer patrones de comportamiento del viento local diurno que puedan ayudar a las tareas de prevención de incendios forestales ha revelado que la marinada es el elemento principal a tener en cuenta sólo en la zona costera y hasta la sierra Prelitoral. El patrón de la zona media y alta de la cuenca (interior) responde, en cambio, a la influencia del viento de valle y los vientos de ladera. El sistema de vientos locales de la cuenca del Llobregat supone un factor añadido de riesgo meteorológico de propagación de incendios forestales, dado que la velocidad más alta se detecta durante el período de mayor riesgo: a la temperatura elevada y a la baja humedad hay que sumar, por lo tanto, la velocidad del viento máxima diaria. Sin embargo, la previsibilidad del sistema, la velocidad media baja o moderada y la ausencia de cambios bruscos e imprevistos de velocidad y dirección descartan considerarlo un elemento de importante riesgo por sí mismo.
Slow mildewing in Pumpkins: an opportunity to reduce Pumpkin yield losses caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum
Authors: Chilasa Sinoya , W. Saka Vincent , M. Bokosi James , A.B. Msuku Wilson
Published: January 2016

Pumpkin powdery mildews, a disease caused by fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, is one of the major diseases that reduce yield and quality of pumpkins. A field screening study involving fifty two pumpkin accessions was carried out at three powdery mildew hot spot sites in Malawi. The main objective was to assess the reactions of pumpkin accessions to E. cichoracearum. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Plot size was 3m x 3. 7m. There were statistically significant differences in apparent infection rates (P<0.001), area under disease progress curve, AUDPC (P<0.001), percent disease index, PDI (P<0.001) among the accessions across all sites. Pumpkin accessions 6 and 42 consistently showed slow rate of powdery mildew development at 4th, 6th, and 8th week after germination. A strong positive correlation (R= 0.7 at 8th week, and 0.97 at 12th week after germination) was observed between the number of rotten fruits and AUDPC. This study showed that out of the fifty two pumpkin accessions tested, none was immune to Erysiphe cichoracearum. However the accessions that recorded very slow rate of powdery mildew development showed high potential to maintain viable vines and support their fruits up to physiological maturity. We concluded that promoting slow mildewing pumpkin genotypes is appropriate solution to fruit yield and quality losses caused by E. cichoracearum.
Räume der Kalkulation, Kalkulation des Raumes
Authors: Ouma Stefan , Bläser Kerstin
Published: January 2016

Spaces of calculation, calculating space: Geographies of financial economization. Utilizing the concept of financial economization and the empirical examples of the asset classes farmland and real estate, this paper shows that the mobilization of capital in the domain of portfolio management hinges upon boundary drawing, legitimization and rationalization practices that align the properties and historical time of the natural and built environment with the frames of valuation and time of financial markets. In practice, these activities resemble a constant (re)negotiation of investment horizons.
Brazilian adult individuals with untreated isolated GH deficiency do not have accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Costa Ursula M M , Oliveira Carla R P , Salvatori Roberto , Barreto-Filho José A S , Campos Viviane C , Oliveira Francielle T , Rocha Ivina E S , Oliveira Joselina L M , Silva Wersley A , Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H
Published: January 2016

GH and its principal mediator IGF1 have important effects on metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) status. While acquired GH deficiency (GHD) is often associated with increased CV risk, the consequences of congenital GHD are not known. We have described a large group of patients with isolated GHD (IGHD) due to a homozygous mutation (c.57+1G>A) in the GH releasing hormone receptor gene, and shown that adult GH-naïve individuals have no evidence of clinically evident premature atherosclerosis. To test whether subclinical atherosclerosis is anticipated in untreated IGHD, we performed a cross-sectional study of 25 IGHD and 27 adult controls matched for age and gender. A comprehensive clinical and biochemical panel and coronary artery calcium scores were evaluated by multi-detector tomography. Height, weight, IGF1, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, creatinine and creatininekinase were lower in the IGHD group. Median and interquartile range of calcium scores distribution was similar in the two groups: IGHD 0(0) and control 0(4.9). The vast majority of the calcium scores (20 of 25 IGHD (80%) and 18 of 27 controls (66.6%)) were equal to zero (difference not significant). There was no difference in the calcium scores classification. None of IGHD subjects had minimal calcification, which were present in four controls. Three IGHD and four controls had mild calcification. There were two IGHD individuals with moderate calcification and one control with severe calcification. Our study provides evidence that subjects with congenital isolated lifetime and untreated severe IGHD do not have accelerated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Desempeño de las doulas en la atención de la mujer y su familia durante el periodo gestacional, parto y post parto en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Beatriz , Durán Castillo Katherine
Published: January 2016

Introducción: La presente investigación representa un acercamiento al desempeño en la atención que brindan las doulas a la mujer embarazada y sus familias en Costa Rica en la cual se evidencia sus conocimientos respecto de sus intervenciones con las mujeres embarazadas y las familias.Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con un enfoque en el modelo planteado por Maxwell, cuyos objetivos fueron concretados con el método etnográfico. Para recolectar la información, se aplicó entrevistas a profundidad y observaciones, entre otros, a un grupo de siete doulas que laboran en Costa Rica de forma independiente.Resultado principal: todas las doulas en nuestro país se capacitan en prácticas alternativas para complementar su labor, así como prácticas e intervenciones que no forman parte del perfil “internacional”, ya que en Costa Rica no existe una entidad que regule dicha labor.Conclusión: el apoyo continuo a la mujer y su familia durante todo su embarazo, parto y postparto por una persona calificada que respete los principios éticos de su práctica, permite mejorar la experiencia del parto, motivo por el  que se debe sensibilizar a la población de enfermeros obstetras en cuanto a mejorar la calidad en la atención que se brinda a las mujeres embarazadas de modo que promueva el acompañamiento continuo.
Patrones de consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas de los pacientes que ingresan a una sala de urgencias
Authors: Amaro Hinojosa Marily Daniela , Campa Magallón Teresita De Jesús , Cantú-Martínez Pedro César , Gómez Meza Marco Vinicio
Published: January 2016

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la disposición de las personas que acuden a una sala de urgencias en cuanto a modificar sus conductas de consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas.Método. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo con un diseño transversal. La población la constituyeron 83 pacientes mayores de 18 años que sufrieron un accidente o lesión por violencia relacionado con el consumo de drogas y que ingresaron a la sala de urgencias de una institución pública de tercer nivel de atención en Monterrey, México. El muestreo se realizó en el año 2011.Resultados. La población de estudio estuvo integrada principalmente por hombres (fi=79, hi=95,2%), cuya ocupación era la de trabajador (fi=54, hi=71,1%), que ingresaron a la sala de urgencias por lesiones por violencia (fi=42, hi=50,6%), principalmente por consumo de alcohol (fi=71, hi=85,5%), seguido por el de marihuana (fi=7, hi=8,5%). Los participantes se encontraron mayormente en la etapa de contemplación, en un 62,2% (fi=46) y 77,8% (fi=7), respecto de drogas lícitas e ilícitas.Conclusión. Esencialmente, los entrevistados se encuentran en la etapa de contemplación tanto para el consumo de drogas licitas e ilícitas, lo cual precisa una corrección de tales conductas.
Editorial
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais , Moura Dante Henrique
Published: January 2016

Revista Brasileira da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (RBEPT) foi criada, em 2008, para dar visibilidade à produção científica e tecnológica realizada no âmbito dessa modalidade da educação, em particular aquela que busca refletir sobre os temas mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento nacional.No primeiro editorial, escrito por Moisés Domingos Sobrinho, a Revista Brasileira de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica fora abordada como Um novo lugar no desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico nacional.Com esse intuito, a RBEPT retoma suas publicações e nesse número traz artigo sobre a avaliação das políticas públicas da educação profissional de jovens e adultos na perspectiva de formação ao longo da vida, de autoria de Mylenna Vieira Cacho e Dante Henrique Moura.À leitura!
Cellular Composition of Calcified Bioprosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: Mukhamadiyarov Rinat Avkhadievich , Rutkovskaya Natal'ya Vital'evna , Sidorova Ol'ga Dmitrievna , Barbarash Leonid Semenovich
Published: January 2016

With the aim to assess the mechanisms of the structural dysfunctions associated with xenograft tissue calcification, we investigated the cellular composition of the explanted xenoaortic epoxy-treated bioprosthetic heart valves. In the leaflets, we revealed multiple cells with retained internal structure. Most of them located on the leaflet surface, at the areas of collagen destruction, and near calcium deposits. Monocytes were the predominant cell fraction on the leaflet surface whilst immune (macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells, neutrophils) and connective tissue (fibroblasts, fibrocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells) cells prevailed at the areas of collagen destruction and near calcium deposits. Calcification of the leaflets was accompanied by cellular infiltration, therefore suggesting that pathological mineralization may be associated with cell-mediated processes.
O CORPO COMO RESPOSTA À INVOCAÇÃO DA MÃE
Authors: Catão Inês
Published: January 2016

Afirmar a diferença entre corpo e organismo continua sendo mais que nunca necessário. Para a psicanálise, a passagem de organismo a corpo resulta do enlaçamento do registro simbólico com o registro real. Se considerarmos a transgeracionalidade do significante, seremos obrigados a considerar que o bebê sofre a influência do campo da linguagem desde antes do seu nascimento. Este fato não é sem consequências para sua vida, ao contrário, nem para a fisiologia de seu corpo e seus modos de adoecimento. Eis porque estes últimos devem ser considerados também em sua dimensão simbólica. A constituição do corpo depende do laço com o Outro. O nascimento do ser humano não começa nem termina com o seu nascimento biológico. Ele é o resultado das marcas deixadas pela linguagem do Outro sobre o organismo. É a razão pela qual, em psicanálise, dizemos corpolinguagem, em uma só palavra, em lugar de dizer corpo ou organismo. No presente artigo retomamos as operações de incorporação do significante pelo viés do objeto voz. Propomos que apenas o manejo clínico da pulsão e de seus circuitos possibilita uma mudança durável na condição psicopatológica, incluindo o autismo.
Reseña del libro: Instantes de decisión. Chile 1972í1974, Martínez Corbalá, Gonzalo
Authors: Dutrénit Bielous Silvia
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: Estado de guerra : de la gestación del golpe del ´73 a la caída de Bordaberry, Lessa, Alfonso
Authors: Leal Castillo Araceli
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: Germany in Central America; competitive imperialism, 1821-1829, Schoonover, Thomas
Authors: Gutiérrez Márquez Harim B.
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: La institucionalización del psicoanálisis, primer abordaje, Perrés, José
Authors: Mancilla Villa Martha Lilia
Published: January 2016

.
Sociedad, reforma y propiedad: el liberalismo de Manuel Abad y Queipo, fines del siglo XVIIIícomienzos del siglo XIX
Authors: Luna Pablo F.
Published: January 2016

Elaboradas durante la última fase del domi­nio colonial español, las propuestas del obis­po electo de Michoacán, relativas a la conser­vación y reforma de la propiedad en Nueva España, representan un conjunto coherente y rico en donde se pueden examinar tanto el surgirnienro del liberalismo como las relacio­nes entre la Iglesia y el poder civil. Dichas proposiciones reflejan también las dificulta­des y la especificidad de la lenta transición hispanoamericana desde el Antiguo Régimen.
Walter Benjamín y las lecciones de una historia vista a ‘contrapelo’
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: January 2016

Este artículo es un comentario al importante ensayo de Walter Benjamin popularrnente conocido como " Tesis sabre la filosofía de la historia" . Dicho comentario incenta hacer explícitas las principales lecciones generales que , para la historiografía más actual, se derivan de este brillante ensayo metodológico, y en particular aquellas que se vinculan a la idea de concebir a la historia " a contrapelo " ,

 
El viaje de exploración de John Ross Browne a Baja California en 1867
Authors: Hansen Lawrence Douglas Taylor
Published: January 2016

Se analiza el viaje de exploración que John Ross Browne, agente de la Lower California Company de Nueva York, realizó en Baja Ca­lifornia durante los primeros meses de 1867. En particular, se examina la cuestión del im­pacto de las observaciones de Browne, así como de la influencia del informe en que presenta
las resultados de su viaje, sabre el desarrollo posterior de la política estadunidense con res­pecto a la región.
Por el camino de la Historia Política: hacia una Historia Política configuracional
Authors: Barriera Darío G.
Published: January 2016

El artículo propone un recorrido por la histo­ria política, desde una perspectiva antige­nealógica, donde los desarrollos aparecen vin­culados a distintos centros, emergentes desde los años setenta. Como horizonte, apunta a otorgar centralidad a las preocupaciones en torno al estudio de los vínculos móviles, la ne­gociación social y a una sensibilización del his­toriador hacia las constelaciones siempre cam­biantes del poder, desde una perspectiva constructivista y configuracional.
Reseña del libro: A Gathering of Fugitives. American Political Expatriates in México. 1948-1965, Anhalt, Diana
Authors: Yankelevich Pablo
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: Revolution in the street : women, workers, and urban protest in Veracruz, 1870-1927, Wood, Andrew Grant
Authors: Ronzón José
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: Azúcar y pode ::estructura socioeconómica de las alcaldías mayores de Cuernavaca y Cuautla de Amilpas, 1730 – 1821, Sánchez Santiró, Ernest
Authors: Reynoso Jaime Irving
Published: January 2016

.
La fiesta de la luz en la ciudad de México. El alumbrado eléctrico en el Centenario
Authors: Briseño Senosiain Lillian
Published: January 2016

Las fiestas del Centenario de la Independencia se significaron por dar al presidente Porfirio Díaz el pretexto ideal para mostrar al mundo todos los avances que México había alcanzado bajo su mandato.  Algunos de los más importantes fueron los que lograron la modernización del país en el plano tecnológico y científico: la extensión de los sistemas de comunicación y transporte, seguidos de la introducción de la electricidad, serían sin duda algunos de los más relevantes.  Por lo que respecta al alumbrado público eléctrico, las conmemoraciones septembrinas en la capital permiten ver la evolución que siguió el proceso de iluminación artificial, como una muestra de los progresos que iba alcanzando el país en este sector año con año, a tal grado, que para 1910 la ciudad de México resplandecería como nunca, impresionando con su luz a propios y extraños y logrando que esta urbe fuera, en el decir de muchos, la mejor iluminada del mundo.

 
La escuela nacional elemental en la ciudad de México como lugar, 1896-1910
Authors: Chaoul Pereyra Ma. Eugenia
Published: January 2016

Este artículo busca comprender la escuela elemental porfiriana en la ciudad de México como un complejo espacio de actuación social. A través de un análisis que integra la variable espacial ofrece un planteamiento diferente a los estudios curriculares y políticos realizados hasta ahora. La reconstrucción de la forma que adquirió la escuela como lugar permite al lector “mirar”el movimiento cotidiano de la vida escolar y, de esa manera, buscar una explicación a los problemas tales como la integración social hacia el sistema educativo en la ciudad, la inasistencia escolar, el control disciplinario y la deserción a principios del siglo XX.

 

 
Reseña del libro: Construcción de las identidades latinoamericanas : ensayos de historia intelectual siglos XIX y XX, Granados, Aimer ; Marichal, Carlos, comps.
Authors: Illades Carlos
Published: January 2016

.
Temporalidad e independencia : el proceso ideológico de Luis Villoro, medio siglo después
Authors: Ávila Alfredo , Garrido Asperó María José
Published: January 2016

Después de medio siglo de haber aparecido por vez primera, La revolución de independencia de Luis Villoro sigue siendo una lectura muy difundida. Este artículo se propone evaluar la vigencia de dicha obra, más allá de los asertos que han sido superados por estudios monográficos recientes. Considera que el libro de Villoro fue pionero en muchas interpretaciones que hoy son muy aceptadas por los especialistas en el tema y que, hasta la fecha, es el único que da un sentido al proceso ideológico de la revolución de independencia. Sugiere, por último, una nueva apreciación del papel de las concepciones sobre la temporalidad, resaltado por Villoro, como un punto de partida para futuras investigaciones de historia intelectual en torno al pensamiento político de las primeras décadas del siglo xix mexicano.
Reseña del libro: Del sermón al discurso cívico, México 1760-1834, Herrejón Pereda, Carlos
Authors: Connaughton Brian
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: México en el Diccionario universal de historia y de geografía, Pi-Suñer, Antonia
Authors: Giron Nicole
Published: January 2016

.
Presentación
Authors: Cerutti Mario
Published: January 2016

.
Redes empresariales y proyectos bancarios en la Mesa CentroíNorte de México (1870-1910)
Authors: Gámez Moisés
Published: January 2016

.
El batallón invisible : territorio mexicano imaginario : análisis de la película Een Telegrame Uit Mexico (1914)
Authors: Fernández Escareño Itzia
Published: January 2016

En el proceso de apertura histórica de los archivos fílmicos destacan las prácticas del Filmmuseum en Amsterdam. En la pluralidad de sus colecciones, es posible interpretar representaciones de lo ‘mexicano’ en el imaginario cinematográfico durante el periodo mudo. Como muestra, se trata la historia de Een Telegrame Uit Mexico (de Louis H. Chrispijn, Países Bajos, 1914), una huella de lo ‘mexicano’ ficcionalizado en paralelo al momento histórico de la revolución mexicana, bajo influencia hollywoodense. Aquí se describe y analiza dicho título y se aplican tres categorías implícitas a la historia del cine: género, periodo y cine nacional. El cine se interpreta como la ‘máquina del tiempo’ que permite al espectador de hoy ‘viajar’ a través de la mirada exotizante europea y ver cómo se representa lo ‘mexicano’ de la época.

 

 
Reseña del libro: Rey, religión, yndependencia y unión: el proceso político de la independencia de Guadalajara, Rodríguez O., Jaime E.
Authors: Garrido Asperó María José
Published: January 2016

.
Reseña del libro: Construyendo el desarrollo local : la organización del espacio agrícola en Rincón Grande, Michoacán (1930-2000), González Santana, Octavio Martín
Authors: Ventura María del Carmen
Published: January 2016

.
El proyecto para la colonización de la región de Colnett, Baja California, con inmigrantes extranjeros durante el porfiriato
Authors: Hansen Lawrence Douglas Taylor
Published: January 2016

Se analizan las actividades de la Compañía para la Colonización de Colnett, empresa dependiente de la International Company of Mexico (Compañía Internacional de México) que fue establecida con el propósito específico de colonizar el área del cabo Colnett en Baja California. Se examinan, en        particular, los resultados de sus esfuerzos así como las razones por el fracaso del proyecto. También se analiza el caso de un grupo particular de estos colonos que tuvieron más suerte que la mayoría --Harry Johnson, de origen noruego, y su familia--, así como sus contribuciones al desarrollo de la región.
Guerra, instituciones y debates políticos en la Argentina de los inicios de la organización nacional
Authors: Macías Flavia Julieta
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza el papel de la guerra en el proceso de organización constitucional argentino y sus influencias en la configuración del discurso político republicano y nacional. Específicamente, se estudian las justificaciones elaboradas en torno a la guerra como instancia fundacional de la nación y de su organización constitucional a partir de 1852 y en qué medida las formulaciones discursivas legitimantes de la vía armada modelaron el discurso político, republicano y nacional.
Reseña del libro: Tumbas sin sosiego : revolución, disidencia y exilio del intelectual cubano, Rojas, Rafael
Authors: Pulido Esteva Diego
Published: January 2016

.