bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Its
Relationship with Clinical Parameters in Patients
with Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Saglam Gonca
Published: February 2021

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a disorder with a population prevalence of 1%
to 5%. There are insufficient data in the literature on the incidence of FMS in patients with axial
spondyloarthritis (SpA), with only a limited number of studies conducted.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of FMS in patients diagnosed
with axial SpA and to investigate the effect of this coexistence on clinical and laboratory assessments
in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Study Design: This research involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.
Setting: The research took place in an outpatient rheumatology clinic.
Methods: This study included 125 patients diagnosed with axial SpA according to the Assessment
of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria. The presence of FMS was investigated according
to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Pain during activity, resting, and at night
was examined using the Visual Analog Scale. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores were
used for assessment of disease activity, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale was used
for quality of life, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index was used for functionality, and
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used for sleep quality.
Results: Incidence of FMS was 29.6% in the study population, which consisted of patients who
were all diagnosed with axial SpA. Comparison of patient groups with and without FMS revealed
no statistically significant differences in age, weight, body mass index, marital status, family history,
and smoking history (P > .05), with a higher rate of female patients in the group with FMS at 55%
(P < .05). Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-Reaktif Protein, Ankylosing Spondylitis
Disease Activity Score-Erythyrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life
Scale, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Visual
Analog Scale pain scores were significantly higher in the group with FMS (P < .05).
Limitation: The study involved a limited number of patients.
Conclusions: FMS is observed in one-third of patients with axial SpA. The presence of FMS
negatively affects quality of life, functional status, sleep quality, disease activity, and pain level of
patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The possibility for coexistence of FMS should be kept in mind
when determining the treatment protocols for patients with axial spondyloarthritis, and adjunctive
treatment should be given if necessary
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation Through
Foramen Rotundum Versus Foramen Ovale for
the Treatment of V2 Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Yan Cong-yang
Published: February 2021

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation through the foramen
rotundum (FR) is a new approach for the treatment of V2 trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the FR approach with
that of the foramen ovale (FO) approach.
Study Design: Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial.
Setting: The study was conducted at Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China.
Methods: From July 2014 to December 2016, 80 consecutive patients with V2 TN were
prospectively assigned into the FO group (n = 40) or the FR group (n = 40). All radiofrequency
thermocoagulation procedures were performed under the guidance of digital subtraction
angiography (DSA). Patients in the FO group were treated with Gasserian ganglion ablation
through the Hartel approach. Patients in the FR group received ablation of the maxillary nerve
at the internal opening of the FR. Facial pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale
preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year.
Results: All surgical procedures were successfully completed using DSA guidance. The FR
group had no facial pain at postoperative 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year. The facial fain
was not relieved in 4 patients of the FO group. They were treated with radiofrequency
thermocoagulation of the maxillary nerve through the FR and maintained painless at
postoperative 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year. At postoperative 1 year, another 3 patients
relapsed in the FO group. The incidences of facial numbness and swelling did not differ
significantly between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). There was no postoperative corneal
involvement or masticatory weakness in the FR group. However, corneal involvement and
masticatory weakness occurred postoperatively in 22 (55%) patients and 31 (77.5%) patients
in the FO group. The FR group had significantly shorter operation time than the FO group
(19.3 ± 5.9 vs. 32.7 ± 8.7 minutes; P < 0.05).
Limitations: We were unable to avoid the V1 and V3 branches, despite multiple adjustments
of the needed position in 35 of the 40 patients in this group.
Conclusions: For the treatment of V2 TN, thermocoagulation of the maxillary nerve
through the FR had better efficacy and fewer complications in comparison with the Gasserian
ganglion ablation through the FO
Functional Pathway Between Cervical Spinal
and Sympathetic Ganglia: A Neurochemical
Foundation Between Neck Pain and Vertigo
Authors: Zuo Jinliang
Published: February 2021

Background: Cervical vertigo commonly concurs in patients with neck pain, but the concurrent
mechanism of these 2 symptoms still remains unclear. We previously reported a bidirectional
segmental nerve fiber connection between cervical spinal and sympathetic ganglia, which
provided a hypothesis that this connection between the 2 ganglia may be the anatomic basis for
the concurrence of neck pain and cervical vertigo. However, this concurrent mechanism needs
biochemical and functional evidence.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate a possible noradrenergic pathway between cervical
spinal and sympathetic ganglia.
Study Design: We performed both clinical and laboratory research. Clinical observation was a
prospective case–control study.
Setting: Clinical study took place in our hospital; laboratory study was in an orthopedic laboratory.
Methods: Cervical lamina block therapy used in patients with cervical vertigo was clinically
evaluated; norepinephrine (NE) expressions in cervical sympathetic ganglia were analyzed using
immunohistochemical staining after electrical stimulation to the cervical spinal ganglia; the
influence of phentolamine local injection to the vertebrobasilar artery flow was experimentally
measured.
Results: Cervical lamina block therapy could significantly shorten the clinical hospital stays
of patients with cervical vertigo (P = 0.000) and improve vertebral artery flow (P < 0.05). NE
expressions in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) or inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia
(ICG) increased significantly when ipsilateral C2 to C3 or C6 to C8 spinal ganglia were electrically
stimulated, respectively. Adrenergic receptor block with phentolamine significantly inhibited the
decrease of basilar artery (BA) flow induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal ganglia.
The change range of BA flow caused by stimulations of C2 to C3 and C6 to C8 spinal ganglia was
more than that of C4 and C5.
Limitations: The inpatients observed in this clinical study might be influenced by some factors
including emotion, diet, sleep, and others. The limitations of the laboratory study included animal
species and small sample size.
Conclusions: Adrenergic system could play a part in cervical spinal ganglia altering the
vertebrobasilar artery system. It could provide a neurochemical foundation between neck pain and
vertigo, and that segmental functional connections exist between cervical spinal and sympathetic
ganglia.
A New Rat Model of Thalamic Pain Produced
by Administration of Cobra Venom to the
Unilateral Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus
Authors: Zhang Jian-Feng
Published: February 2021

Background: Thalamic pain is a neuropathic pain syndrome that occurs as a result of thalamic
damage. It is difficult to develop therapeutic interventions for thalamic pain because its mechanism
is unclear. To better understand the pathophysiological basis of thalamic pain, we developed and
characterized a new rat model of thalamic pain using a technique of microinjecting cobra venom
into the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus.
Objectives: This study will establish a new thalamic pain rat model produced by administration
of cobra venom to the unilateral ventral posterolateral nucleus.
Study Design: This study used an experimental design in rats.
Setting: The research took place in the laboratory at the Aviation General Hospital of China
Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the administration of cobra venom or
saline into the left VPL. The development of mechanical hyperalgesia and changes in pain-related
behaviors and motor function were measured after intrathalamic cobra venom microinjection
using the von Frey test, video recording, and cylinder test, respectively. On postoperative days 7
to 35, both electroacupuncture and pregabalin (PGB) were administered to verify that the model
reproduced the findings in humans. Moreover, the organizational and structural alterations of the
thalamus were examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results: The threshold for mechanical stimuli in the left facial skin was significantly decreased
on day 3 after thalamic pain modeling as compared with pre-venom treatment. Furthermore, the
ultrastructural alterations of neurons such as indented neuronal nuclei, damaged mitochondria and
endoplasmic reticulum, and dissolved surrounding tissues were observed under TEM. Moreover,
electroacupuncture treatment ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia, pain-like behaviors, and
motor dysfunction, as well as restore normal structures of neurons in the thalamic pain rat model.
However, no such beneficial effects were noted when PGB was administered.
Limitations: The pathophysiological features were different from the present model and the
patients in clinical practice (in most cases strokes, either ischemic or hemorrhagic).
Conclusion: The cobra venom model may provide a reasonable model for investigating the
mechanism of thalamic pain and for testing therapies targeting recovery and pain after thalamic
lesions.
Usage of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion
with Enhanced Recovery Pathway in Patients
Scheduled for Open Radical Cystectomy: A
Randomized Trial
Authors: Moeen Seham M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Intravenous lidocaine infusion (IVLI) reduces postoperative pain and hastens the
return of bowel function.
Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of adding lidocaine infusion to enhanced recovery
pathway (ERP) on acute rehabilitation protocol.
Study Design: This study uses a double-blind, randomized design with allocation concealment
in a 2-armed parallel group format among patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (RC).
Setting: The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospital, Asyut, Egypt. The study duration
was March 2017 to July 2018.
Methods: After ethics committee approval, 111 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists
(ASA) physical status II-III, aged 45-65 years, scheduled for open RC with urinary diversion under
an ERP, were randomly selected in a double-blind manner to receive IVLI 2 mg/minute for 4 hours
or an equal volume of normal saline solution 0.9%. Postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesic
consumption, times to return of bowel sounds, first flatus, first defecation, resuming of regular
diet, length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded.
Results: Patients in the lidocaine group experienced significantly lower pain scores after surgery
at 6 hours (P = 0.005) and 12 hours (P = 0.001) at rest, and in the first 18 hours during mobilization
(P < 0.05), with less paracetamol (P = 0.04) and meperidine (P = 0.02) consumption than in the
control group. Between the lidocaine and the control group, mean times to return of bowel sounds
(23.7 vs. 26.7 hours; P = 0.001), first flatus (76.5 vs. 86.5 hours; P = 0.001), first defecation (92.7
vs. 106.9 hours; P = 0.001) and resuming of regular diet (80.7 vs. 92.8 days; P = 0.001) were
significantly shorter in the lidocaine group. Length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and
patient satisfaction were similar in both groups.
Limitations: Limitations of this study include lack of previous research that compare the additive
effects of IVLI to ERP in patients undergoing open RC. Also, the inability to measure the serum
lidocaine concentration in our patients.
Conclusions: Adding IVLI to ERP improved postoperative analgesia and bowel function after
open RC with urinary diversion.
Clinical trial registration: NCT03047057.
Key words: Lidocaine infusion, ileus, enhanced recovery pathway, acute rehabilitation, open
radical cystectomy
Effectiveness of Thermal Annular Procedures in
Treating Discogenic Low Back Pain
Authors: Helm Standiford
Published: February 2021

Background: Discogenic low back is a distinct clinic entity characterized by pain arising from a
damaged disc. The diagnosis is clouded by the controversy surrounding discography. The treatment
options are limited, with unsatisfactory results from both conservative treatment and surgery. Multiple
interventional therapies have been developed to treat discogenic pain, but most have not yet been
validated by high quality studies.
The best studied treatment for discogenic pain is the use of heat, which has been labeled as thermal
intradiscal procedures (TIPs) by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). As the
pathology is located in the annulus, we use the term thermal annular procedures (TAPs).
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate and update the efficacy of TAPs to treat chronic
refractory discogenic pain.
Study Design: The design of this study is a systematic review.
Methods: The available literature on TAPs in treating chronic refractory discogenic pain was reviewed.
The quality of each article used in this analysis was assessed.
The level of evidence was classified on a 5-point scale from strong, based upon multiple randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) to weak, based upon consensus, as developed by the US Preventive Services
Task Force (USPSTF) and modified by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP).
Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from
1966 to September 2015 and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review
articles.
The primary outcome measures were pain relief and functional improvement of at least 40%.
Short-term efficacy was defined as improvement for less than 6 months; long-term efficacy was
defined as improvement for 6 months or more.
Results: For this systematic review, 49 studies were identified. Of these, there were 4 RCTs and no
observational studies which met the inclusion criteria.
Based upon 2 RCTs showing efficacy, with no negative trials, there is Level I, or strong, evidence of the
efficacy of biacuplasty in the treatment of chronic, refractory discogenic pain.
Based upon one high-quality RCT showing efficacy and one moderate-quality RCT interpreted
as showing no benefit, there is Level III, or moderate, evidence supporting the use of intradiscal
electrothermal therapy (IDET) in treating chronic, refractory discogenic pain.
The evidence supporting the use of discTRODE is level V, or limited.
Conclusion: The evidence is Level I, or strong, that percutaneous biacuplasty is efficacious in the
treatment of chronic, refractory discogenic pain. Biacuplasty may be considered as a first-line treatment
for chronic, refractory discogenic pain.The evidence is Level III, or moderate, that IDET is efficacious in the treatment of chronic, refractory discogenic pain.
The evidence is Level V, or limited, that discTRODE is efficacious in the treatment of chronic, refractory discogenic pain.
A Psychoanalytic Reading of Ode to a Nightingale
Authors: Keats John
Published: February 2021

As a Romantic poet whose subjectivity is a central element in his
odes, Keats' poetry has been accused of being self-obsessed and selfconscious. Such self-consciousness seems to be both a basic element in
Sigmund Freud's psychological theory and a recurrent element in John
Keats' poems. An understanding of Keats' poetic unconsciousness leads to
an understanding of his poetry.
This paper sheds light on John Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" from a
psychological point of view. It discusses issues of the pains and sorrows of
life in Keats’ world of imagination, which differ from those in the real
world. Mortality, immortality, reality, and dreams are the other images
reflected in Keats’ ode.
A STUDY ON HYPONATREMIA IN CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER AND ITS
PROGNOSTIC VALUE.
Authors: Reddy Evuri Pramod , Khanam Pathan Fardeeba
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance that commonly occurs in hospitalized patients. In
cirrhotic patients with advanced stage of disease there is release of ADHthat causes impairment in renal excretion of free
2,3 water resulting in dilutional hyponatremia in combination with renal vasoconstriction.This study was taken up to nd the prevalence of the
hyponatremia and association between hyponatremia and the occurrence of major complications in patients with liver cirrhosis in a tertiary
care hospital.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. To study the prevalence of hyponatremia in cirrhotic patients attending a tertiary care hospital.
2 To evaluate the association between hyponatremia and complications in ci . rrhosis among patients attending a tertiary care center and its
prognostic signicance.
METHODS:
It is a cross-sectional study done in Katuri Medical College & Hospital over a period of 13 months between june 2018 to june 2019. Patients were
selected based on clinical examination,biochemical tests and ultrasound abdomen and divided into three groups as those having a sodium levels
of < 130, 131 to 135 and >136 meq/l and patients having sodium levels <135 meq/l were considered hyponatremic.MELD score was calculated
at the time of admission.
RESULTS:
There was signicant difference with respect to MELD score in three groups (p value =< 0.0001) and with respect to complications of liver
cirrhosis namely portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy ,hepatorenal syndrome
CONCLUSION:
Hyponatremiain cirrhosis are associated with severe complications like hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome and high morbidity and
mortality
A New Design of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with LDR sensors by Using the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit
Authors: saeedi mahdi , Effatnejad Reza
Published: February 2021

The solar tracking system detects the astronomical position of the sun during the day and increases the output power of the PV panel by placing it in a suitable position relative to the angle of the sun’s rays. Many solar tracking systems have been developed so far that either have not been able to move on two axes or have been based on geometric and astronomical equations and artificial intelligence, which are expensive. This study presented a new DAST based on LDRs, which adjusts the PV panel relative to the angle of the sun’s rays by moving simultaneously on two axes. DAST is a very simple and cost-effective control system that utilizes Wheatstone bridge circuit function and LDRs. If this controller is used, it is possible to control PV panels on the metal structure both individually and in an integrated manner. Therefore, the experimental findings of this solar tracking system can help develop solar energy applications.
SINERGITAS PEMERINTAHAN DESA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DESA
Authors: Anggalana
Published: February 2021

The synergy between the Village Head and the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the Process of Forming Village Regulations, is manifested in the form of partnership, where the position between the Village Consultative Body (BPD) and the Village Government is in line with the authority possessed in different formations, starting from the stages of planning, drafting, discussing, determining and determining enactment and dissemination of Village Regulations. In addition, the Village Consultative Body (BPD) has the authority to also have the oversight function of the implementation of the Village Regulation by the Village Head. Meanwhile, if the Village Regulation cannot be carried out properly and is unable to bring justice to the community, the Village Consultative Body (BPD) has the authority to cancel the Village Regulation that has been jointly determined, with the Village Head or that has been implemented by the Village Head where the Village Consultative Body (BPD) can submit cancellation. The Village Regulation is sent to the District Government through the District Head to conduct an evaluation of the Village Regulation
KONSEPSI NEGARA HUKUM PANCASILA DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasarudin Tubagus Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The rule of law in the perspective of Pancasila which can be termed the law state of Indonesia or the rule of law state of Pancasila besides having the same elements as the rule of law in the rechtstaat and rule of law, also has specific elements that make the Indonesian law state different from the concept of the state generally known law. The difference locates in the values contained in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution which contain Pancasila with the principles of the Belief in the one and only God and the absence of separation between the state and religion, the principle of deliberation in the implementation of state government power, the principle of social justice, kinship and mutual cooperation, as well as laws that serve the integrity of the unitary state of Indonesia. The Pancasila Law State concept is characterized by: (1) Close relations between religion and state (2) Stand on the one and only God (3) Freedom of religion in a positive sense (4) Atheism is not justified and communism is forbidden and (5) The principle of kinship and harmony. As for the main elements of the Republic of Indonesia Law State are: (1) Pancasila (2) MPR (3) Constitutional system (4) equality and (5) Free trial.
QUALIDADE NUTRICIONAL E CULINÁRIA DE CULTIVARES DE ARROZ ADUBADO COM DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO
Authors: Faria Isabela Pires de Castro , Fonseca Jeane Castro , Pires Caroline Roberta Freitas , Cardoso Expedito Alves , Rodrigues Nayara Monteiro , Sousa Diego Neves de
Published: February 2021

O mercado consumidor no cenário atual está se voltando para uma busca de melhor produtividade e qualidade dos grãos de arroz. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional e culinária de cultivares de arroz adubadas com diferentes doses de nitrogênio. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, fibras, cinzas, carboidratos, valor calórico, coloração, tempo mínimo de cocção, absorção de água e percentual de rendimento de grãos inteiros. As doses de nitrogênio avaliadas não influenciaram nos teores de proteínas e no rendimento de grãos inteiros. A cultivar BRS Primavera apresentou maior percentual de rendimento de grãos inteiros, enquanto a cultivar BRS Sertaneja apresentou maiores teores de proteína e grãos de coloração mais escura.
Legitimate limitations on the right of freedom of thought, conscience and religion: the challenges of a globalised world
Authors: Fysun Yulia
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the limitations on the right of freedom of thought, conscience and religion provided by international law. The essential criteria for legitimate limitations are determined. Unconditional protection of the freedom of thought and conscience as well as the freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of one’s choice is emphasised. Particular attention is paid to the study of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in this field.
Thinking Through Form
Authors: Brun Elisabeth
Published: February 2021

3xShapes of Home (2020) is a 7 minute experimental video, exploring how essayist film practice may be a way to think topographically, that is: to think conceptually through non-verbal techniques such as camera movement, camera position, montage and algorithm, about place forms and place structures, and their projective powers for the imagination of place. The video is part of a larger study on the Essay Film as Topography. 3xShapes of Home won the Ivan Juritz Prize for Creative Experiment 2020.
Young students’ views on problem solving versus problem posing
Authors: Van Bommel Jorryt , Palmér Hanna
Published: February 2021

For decades, problem solving has been of interest to researchers, and several studies have tried to capture the influence of students’ beliefs, attitudes and emotions towards mathematics and problem solving. However, problem posing as part of problem solving has not been investigated to the same extent. This article focuses on six-year-olds’ views on solving and posing problems. How do the students themselves describe their views on solving and posing problem-solving tasks, and what similarities and differences can be found? An educational design research study was conducted in three classes where the students first solved and then posed problem-solving tasks. Afterwards, the students were interviewed. In these interviews the students expressed positive views towards both solving and posing problem-solving tasks. The students expressed autonomy and challenge as positive when both solving and posing tasks. However, a posed task needed to be solved before being finished. Further, not all students considered problem posing to be a mathematical activity, and a plausible explanation for this is the students’ limited experience of problem posing.
El Madrid invisible de Zúñiga: un trayecto
Authors: Prados Israel
Published: February 2021

La ciudad de Madrid es el denominador común de la trilogía de cuentos de la Guerra Civil de Juan Eduardo Zúñiga. El tratamiento del espacio literario resume la potencialidad simbólica del realismo del autor, además de su visión ética y estética del mundo y del hecho literario. Las fuentes de esa elaboración artística de la ciudad pueden hallarse en escritores rusos y en el Simbolismo, más que en los cronistas locales. Se propone el análisis del cuento "Ruinas, el trayecto: Guerda Taro" como modelo de un estudio más amplio que establecería la carta completa del Madrid de Zúñiga. El cuento es un ejemplo de que la topografía que recorre los relatos traza “una historia invisible de la ciudad” y de que en él se reelaboran tópicos clásicos como el “ut pictura poesis” o la poesía de ruinas, que sustentan toda una poética. Con su papel de protagonista del ciclo, Madrid dota al conjunto de una unidad estructural, es el referente de la dimensión simbólica del tiempo y su historicidad encierra una visión crítica. Por tanto, la filiación genérica de la trilogía depende de esa naturaleza compleja de la ciudad como cronotopo. A la luz de estas conclusiones y de la historia textual de la primera edición crítica de la trilogía, se actualiza la cuestión de su género, que la bibliografía ha intentado clasificar como “ciclos de cuentos”, como “cuentarios” o como formas “paranovelísticas”.
Prueba
Authors: Martí Ronda
Published: February 2021

aaa
Per un'edizione della versione 'Johannes' dell'Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi
Authors: Ramello Laura
Published: February 2021

La tradizione testuale della Cronaca dello Pseudo Turpino in area galloromanza rivela una complessità solo in parte chiarita dagli studi esistenti. La traditio dei volgarizzamenti appare tratteggiata nelle grandi linee ma risulta ancora imperfetta su scala minore, con filiazioni e contaminazioni solo parzialmente definite; anche la recensio presenta vari problemi, sia riguardo alla sua completezza che, soprattutto, dal punto di vista delle ricostruzioni stemmatiche. La disamina di queste problematiche costituisce la fase preparatoria dello studio della versione ‘Johannes’, di cui a tutt’oggi manca l’edizione critica, obiettivo finale dell’indagine.
Il quinto bersaglio di Peire d’Alvernhe nella satira Chantarai d’aquestz trobadors
Authors: Guida Saverio
Published: February 2021

Assunto fondamentale del lavoro è che il componimento burlesco di Peire d’Alvernhe Chantarai d’aquestz trobadors venne ideato e congegnato dopo i festeggiamenti per le nozze (settembre 1170) di Alfonso VIII di Castiglia e di Eleonora d’Inghilterra, quando molti dei trovatori, giullari, performatori di disparata provenienza e di svariato spessore professionale accorsi nella penisola iberica per lo straordinario evento erano ancora in terra ultrapirenaica, trattenuti dalla generosa ospitalità del giovane re catalano-aragonese Alfonso II, appassionato di spettacoli leggeri, e dalla splendida accoglienza loro riservata dai grandi feudatari della regione. Tra questi occorre annoverare e porre in prima fila il conte d’Urgel, Ermengaldo VII, coniugato con Dolce, figlia del conte di Foix e cugina di Alfonso II, solito organizzare assieme alla moglie «corti gaudiose» ad Agramunt. A poco più di due chilometri da tale località sorgeva il castello di Puigvert dove, come Peire d’Alvernhe fa sapere, andò per la prima volta in scena il suo recital. Nella stessa contea urgellese viveva ed operava, in base ai materiali documentari dissepolti, il piccolo signore di Ribas, Guglielmo, oggetto degli strali satirici di Peire nella sesta cobbola della beffa musicalcanora.
Hacia una caracterización filológica de Los doze trabajos de Hércules de don Enrique de Villena
Authors: Vicente Llavata Santiago
Published: February 2021

Don Enrique de Aragón (c. 1384-1434) resulta una de las figuras más influyentes en el período del Humanismo peninsular. Su primera creación –Los doze trabajos de Hércules– constituye la primera interpretación mitológica del prerrenacimiento hispánico, al tiempo que constituye uno de los testimonios romances más antiguos del tópico de las armas y de las letras. Este artículo pretende caracterizar desde el punto de vista filológico sus rasgos de estilo más representativos, así como iniciar posibilidades renovadas de estudio, centradas en la Fraseología hispánica medieval.
RESEARCH OF CONICAL BODIES INTERACTIONS WITH IRREGULAR SUPERSONIC FLOW AT SMALL ATTACK ANGLES
Authors: Прокопенко Евгений Алексеевич , Шевченко Артем Васильевич , Яшков Сергей Алексеевич , Дема Игорь Анатольевич , Житников Тимофей Андреевич , Ротэрмель Антон Ростиславович
Published: February 2021

В статье представлены теоретические и экспериментальные исследованиях сверхзвукового потока вблизи конических тел при различных числах Маха. Экспериментальные исследования выполнены с помощью сверхзвуковой атмосферно-вакуумной аэродинамической трубы Военно-космической академии имени А.Ф.Можайского. В основу теоретического исследования положена модель вязкого совершенного газа, описываемая уравнениями Навье-Стокса.

The article presents theoretical and experimental researches of supersonic flow near conical bodies at various Mach numbers. Experimental researches were carried out using a supersonic atmospheric-vacuum wind tunnel of Mozhaisky Military Space Academy. The theoretical researches is based on the model of a viscous perfect gas described by the Navier-Stokes equations.
DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE ON THE BASIS OF AUTHENTIC ANIMATED FILMS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Алиева Фирдаус Шамильевна , Бахмудова Анжелика Шамиловна
Published: February 2021

В настоящее время в процессе обучения иностранным языкам в младших классах общеобразовательной школы на первый план выходит формирование у детей коммуникативной компетенции. Данная статья посвящена выявлению эффективности использования аутентичных мультипликационных фильмов в формировании коммуникативной компетенции у учащихся младших классов.

Nowadays, the formation of communicative competence takes the first place in the process of teaching foreign languages in the primary school. This article is devoted to identifying the effectiveness of using authentic animated films in the formation of communicative competence of students in the primary school students.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Батаева Патимат Султановна , Гачаев Ахмед Магомедович
Published: February 2021

Финансовая доступность - ключевой элемент социальной интеграции, особенно полезный в борьбе с бедностью и неравенством доходов, открывающая во многом возможности для обездоленных слоев населения. Статья направлена на изучение влияния финансовой доступности на сокращение бедности и неравенства доходов, а также их детерминант и условных эффектов в развивающихся странах.

Financial inclusion is a key element of social inclusion, especially useful in the fight against poverty and income inequality, opening up many opportunities for the disadvantaged. The article aims to study the impact of financial inclusion on the reduction of poverty and income inequality, as well as their determinants and contingent effects in developing countries.
Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of fluorinated lipopeptide precursors of ligands for microbubble targeting
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Mendoza-Ortega Estefanía E , Krafft Marie Pierre
Published: February 2021

Ligand-targeted microbubbles are focusing interest for molecular imaging and delivery of chemotherapeutics. Lipid–peptide conjugates (lipopeptides) that feature alternating serine–glycine (SG)n segments rather than classical poly(oxyethylene) linkers between the lipid polar head and a targeting ligand were proposed for the liposome-mediated, selective delivery of anticancer drugs. Here, we report the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated lipopeptides (F-lipopeptides) bearing two hydrophobic chains (CnF2n+1, n = 6, 7, 8, 1–3) grafted through a lysine moiety on a hydrophilic chain composed of a lysine–serine–serine (KSS) sequence followed by 5 SG sequences. These F-lipopeptides are precursors of targeting lipopeptide conjugates. A hydrocarbon counterpart with a C10H21 chain (4) was synthesized for comparison. The capacity for the F-lipopeptides to spontaneously adsorb at the air/water interface and form monolayers when combined with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated. The F-lipopeptides 1–3 demonstrated a markedly enhanced tendency to form monolayers at the air/water interface, with equilibrium surface pressures reaching ≈7–10 mN m−1 versus less than 1 mN m−1 only for their hydrocarbon analog 4. The F-lipopeptides penetrate in the DPPC monolayers in both liquid expanded (LE) and liquid condensed (LC) phases without interfacial film destabilization. By contrast, 4 provokes delipidation of the interfacial film. The incorporation of the F-lipopeptides 1–3 in microbubbles with a shell of DPPC and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-PEG2000 decreased their mean diameter and increased their stability, the best results being obtained for the C8F17-bearing lipopeptide 3. By contrast, the hydrocarbon lipopeptide led to microbubbles with a larger mean diameter and a significantly lower stability.
Espejismos de la Ley nacional de salud mental en torno a la reinserción social: el derecho humano a una vivienda adecuada. Transitares hacia una vida libre de manicomios desde un enfoque de derechos humanos
Authors: Bega Martínez Renata
Published: February 2021

Lo plasmado en las siguientes páginas pretende visibilizar el problemático presente de las mujeres internadas en los manicomios de la Argentina y las dificultades que ellas encuentran en los distintos espacios institucionales y de administración de justicia para ejercer plenamente sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, particularmente, su derecho a acceder a una vivienda adecuada.

Si se toma como punto de partida el ordenamiento jurídico nacional e internacional, el derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado se encuentra reconocido en múltiples instrumentos normativos, los cuales remarcan lo necesario de su efectiva protección, respeto, garantía y promoción; ahora bien, la particular situación de quienes, por determinación directa o indirecta del Estado, viven en un hospital debe ser analizada de manera particular, con perspectiva de género y un enfoque de derechos, preguntándonos si acaso con dicha institucionalización cronificada se ve garantizado el derecho a una vivienda adecuada para personas con padecimientos mentales.

 

What is reflected in the following pages intends to make visible the current problematic of women interned in the bedlams of Argentina and the difficulties they encounter in the different institutional and administration spaces of justice to fully exercise their economic, social and cultural rights, particularly, their right to an adequate housing access.

If the national and international legal system is taken as a starting point, the right to an adequate living standard is recognized in multiple normative instruments, which remarks what is necessary for their effective protection, respect, guarantee and promotion. However, the particular situation of those who, by direct or indirect determination of the State, live in a hospital must be analyzed in a particular way, with a gender perspective and a rights-based approach, asking ourselves if perhaps with such chronified institutionalization the right to adequate housing is guaranteed for people with mental suffering.
El criterio de tolerancia cero para la contaminación de aves de corral en la regulación europea
Authors: Da Silva Martínez Juliana
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, del 12 de septiembre de 2019, por la que se constata la aplicabilidad del criterio de “tolerancia cero” para la contaminación de las canales de aves de corral, en el contexto de los alimentos de origen animal, cuyas normas de higiene y de control se encuentran en los Reglamentos europeos n.º 853/2004 y 854/2004, respectivamente.   This article analyses a preliminary rulling of the European Union Court of Justice, dated 12th  September 2019, that confirms the applicability of the “zero tolerance” standard over contamination of poultry carcasses, in the context of animal source food, which hygiene and control standards are found in European Regulations n.º 853/2004 y 854/2004, respectively.
Protección constitucional y convencional de las personas con discapacidad como principal escudo frente a los abusos de las obras sociales
Authors: Baez Ángeles María
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo abordará el análisis de una sentencia dictada por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la provincia de Córdoba sobre un recurso de apelación entablando en contra de una resolución que hizo lugar a la acción de amparo impetrada por la parte actora. El Máximo Tribunal de la provincia rechazó la impugnación intentada, ordenando en el fallo lineamientos de suma relevancia para el Derecho a la Salud y especialmente para un grupo vulnerable como son las personas con discapacidad.

 

The aim of this article is to analyse the decision taken by the Superior Court of Justice of the province of Córdoba on an appeal filed against a resolution, which allowed the amparo action brought by the plaintiff. The Superior court of the province rejected the attempted injunction, setting the rules which are extremely relevant guidelines for the Right to Health and especially for a vulnerable group such as people with disabilities.
Marketing products in sports as competitive instruments in the sports industry
Authors:   Synergy University, Gorelikov Valeriy. A. , Bratkov Kirill. I. ,   Synergy University
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the main marketing products in sports, examines the results of research on the sports marketing market - international sports events and sports organizations that create and earn money from their marketing products. The sources of information were reporting and analytical materials, interviews of specialists and marketers in the area of sports finance, annual reports of federations, leagues and clubs, reports of consulting companies, and websites of these structures. Separately, the approaches of Russian sports organizations to the creation, promotion and sales of their marketing programs are analyzed, which can be considered as key tools for creating competitive advantages in attracting funding for their activities in the future.
Synthesis of allobetulin conjugates with unsaturated acids
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakovleva Marina P.
Published: February 2021

A conjugate is an artificially chemically synthesized hybrid molecule in which two (or more) molecules with different properties are connected; widely used in medicine and experimental biology. Recent years have given reason to pin hopes on introducing into the therapy a number of socially significant diseases of drugs based on pentacyclic triterpenoids, which constitute an important class of natural compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. The betulin isomer related to them, allobetulin, exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against influenza B virus and antichlamydia activity. Its derivatives have antiulcer, antiviral and immunoregulatory activity. A promising direction in the synthesis of biologically active substances is the formation of an ester group, which allows the construction of substances with new or enhanced basic biological activity. Thus, the synthesis of allobetulin esters with unsaturated bioactive acids is of interest. Our study presents the synthesis of allobetulin esters with unsaturated acids – geranium, 9-oxo-2E-decenoic and 10-undecenoic. The selection of these acids was not random. So, 10-undecenoic acid has a fungistatic and fungicidal effect against fungi of the genera Candida spp, Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp., Epidermophyton spp., Scopulariopsis spp. Geranium (3,7-dimethyllocta-2,6-dienoic) acid is characterized by antibacterial and antifungal, as well as cytotoxic activity against cancer cells of the pancreas, colon, liver, skin and leukemia. 9-Oxo-2E-decenoic acid, being a multifunctional pheromone of honeybees, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties: antibacterial, antidote, anti-inflammatory, accelerator of healing of patchwork wounds and thermal burns, immunomodulator (on warm-blooded animals) and anti- varroatosis, anti-fungal, (on honey bees). We suggested that the combination of allobetulin fragments with the residues of the above biologically active acids in one molecule can enhance the existing pharmacological properties and/or contribute to the emergence of other biological activity. We proposed the synthesis of conjugates of allobetulin and the aforementioned biologically active unsaturated acids, based on the conversion of the latter to the corresponding acid chlorides by the action of an excess of thionyl chloride and their subsequent interaction with allobetulin in pyridine in the presence of catalytic amounts of dimethylaminopyridine.
Study of the properties of water-swelling rubber containing gums and extelint
Authors:   Chuvash State University  of  I.N. Ulyanov, Efimov Konstantin V.
Published: February 2021

It is known that the main role in water-swellable sealing elements belongs to rubber, the properties of which depend on the nature of the rubbers and functional ingredients used. Water-swellable sealing elements are mainly made from rubbers based on acrylate, chloroprene and nitrile butadiene rubbers using various hydrophilic additives: starch derivatives, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and various oligomeric resins. However, after sufficiently long contact with water, some additives are washed out and the sealing properties of the sealing elements are lost. Among the promising insoluble and limited water-swellable additives, sodium polyacrylate should be distinguished. Using it as part of rubbers together with soluble water-swellable additives will allow preserving the sealing properties of the sealing elements by filling it with the pores formed when washing water-soluble swellable additives from rubbers. In this regard, in this work, the effect of guar and xanthan gums together with extelint fiber on the properties of water-swelling rubber based on a combination of nitrile butadiene BNKS-18AMN, chloroprene neoprene W, acrylate nipole AR22 and butadiene SKD caoutchoucs with sulfuric vulcanizing system, was studied. The rubber mixture was prepared by mixing rubbers with ingredients on laboratory rolls LB 320 160/160. The rheological characteristics of the rubber composition were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at 150 °C. Standard samples of the rubber mixture were vulcanized at a temperature of 150 ° C for 30 minutes in a curing press type P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD. The main properties of the vulcanizates were determined according to the standards applicable in the rubber industry. It is shown that the introduction of gums with extelite into the rubber mixture leads to a change in its rheological parameters. Vulcanizates that contain gums are characterized by lower values of conditional tensile strength and rebound elasticity, but larger elongation at break and degree of swelling in distilled and formation water compared to the vulcanizate of the base rubber mixture.
Modeling of metals reducing from B2O3-CaO-Fe2O3-ZnO melts by CO-CO2 mixtures
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy. Ural Branch of RAS, Vusikhis Alexander S. , Selivanov Evgeny N. ,   Institute of Metallurgy. Ural Branch of RAS, Tyushnyakov Stanislav N. ,   Institute of Metallurgy. Ural Branch of RAS, Chentsov Victor P. ,   Institute of Metallurgy. Ural Branch of RAS
Published: February 2021

Thermodynamic modeling technique has been developed to predict the conditions of metals reduction from oxide melt by gas during bubbling processes. The technique provides approximation to real systems with periodic removal of metal phase and gases from the working body. The given work presents thermodynamic modeling results of Zinc and Iron reduction processes from B2O3-CaO-Fe2O3-ZnО melts by СО-СО2 different composition mixtures in the 1273-1673 K temperature range. Approximation to real processes is used. Zinc and Iron oxides content in the melt and its reducing degree have been estimated during the calculations. Three stages of the process have been obtained by the calculations. Reducing of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 and FeO is realized in the first stage. Concentration of Fe2O3 (СFe2O3) decreases almost to zero while СFe3O4 и СFeO have been increased simultaneously. Concentration of СFe3O4 reaches its maximum to the end of process. Transition of Fe3O4 → FeO takes place in second stage when СFeO reaches its maximum, and Zinc and Fe begin its reducing. Temperature increase promotes metallization by Zinc, but decreases by Iron. An increase of input gas CO/CO2 ratio leads to Fe reducing degree. It thereby ensures required indicators of the Zinc selective reduction achievement but requires more gas consumption. The relationships between CZnO and φZn depending on temperature and amount of reducing input gas consumption have been obtained. Given work results may be useful for precut estimation of the probable parameters of Zinc distillation process from the melt. Besides, these results may be useful as the basis for the experimental results analysis.
Kábítószerek és dizájnerdrogok a magyarországi kábítószerpiacon
Authors: Csesztregi Tamás
Published: February 2021

The author provides and overview of recent trends and developments in producing drugs in Hungary.