bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirasi Pendidikan Orang Tua Dalam Mendukung Pendidikan Anak Di Asmat: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rahawarin Benediktus , Nurhattati Nurhattati , Kamaludin Kamaludin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the educational aspirations of parents in Asmat Regency, South Papua, with respect to their support for their children's education, while considering the challenges posed by the nomadic lifestyle and complex geographical conditions. The research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyze various literature concerning the relationship between parental aspirations and their efforts to enhance children's educational participation and achievement. The findings reveal that high parental educational aspirations significantly boost children's motivation to learn, their involvement in education, and academic performance. However, these aspirations are often hindered by external factors such as economic limitations, the influence of local cultural values, and inadequate educational infrastructure. The nomadic lifestyle and low literacy levels of parents further complicate the continuity of children's education. This study offers a unique perspective by focusing on the Asmat indigenous community, unlike previous studies that mostly focused on urban areas or regions with better educational access. The study recommends the development of inclusive educational policies, the implementation of literacy programs for parents, and improvements in infrastructure and community-based learning innovations to address educational barriers in Asmat. This research makes a valuable contribution to educational literature in remote areas and can serve as a foundation for creating more effective policies tailored to the needs of the local community.
Interaksi Edukatif Sebagai Fondasi Pembelajaran Yang Berpusat Pada Peserta Didik
Authors: Pratama Reno Anugerah , Idi Abdullah , Karomah Karomah , Yanto Abdul Fikri
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji konsep interaksi edukatif sebagai fondasi dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik. Interaksi edukatif dipandang sebagai elemen kunci dalam membangun hubungan yang produktif antara pendidik dan peserta didik, serta antara peserta didik itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali bagaimana interaksi yang efektif dapat memperkaya pengalaman belajar peserta didik, memperkuat motivasi, dan meningkatkan pemahaman materi. Melalui pendekatan teoritis dan analisis literatur terkini, artikel ini menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dasar interaksi edukatif yang mencakup komunikasi dua arah, saling menghargai, dan keterlibatan aktif peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi edukatif yang dilakukan dengan penuh kesadaran dapat mempercepat pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran dan menciptakan lingkungan yang inklusif serta mendukung perkembangan sosial dan emosional peserta didik
Penerapan Arkas Dalam Pemenuhan Standar Mutu Sarana Dan Prasarana Sekolah
Authors: Peya Nia Do Ambrosius Tode , Sari Ramadhan Laila , Putriwulan Mentari , Rosyidi Unifah , Takdir Muh.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of Aplikasi Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah (ARKAS) in fulfilling the quality standards of school facilities and infrastructure. ARKAS was developed by the Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia as a digital system for transparent, accountable and efficient school budget management. This research uses the library research method to collect and analyze data from various relevant sources. The results show that the implementation of ARKAS has a positive impact on school budget management. ARKAS improves transparency, accountability and efficiency in budget planning, reporting and evaluation. In addition, ARKAS assists schools in meeting the quality standards of facilities and infrastructure set by the government, so that they can support an effective and quality learning process. The case study also shows that schools that successfully implement ARKAS can improve the quality of facilities and infrastructure optimally. The conclusion of this study is that ARKAS is an effective tool in managing school budgets and meeting the quality standards of facilities and infrastructure. Strategies are needed to optimize the implementation of ARKAS through collaboration with stakeholders, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and increasing user capacity through regular training.
Humas dan Media Sosial sebagai Seni Membangun Reputasi Sekolah di Era Post Truth: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abdullah Ridwan , Risa Kamal Sep Arinda , Prasetyaningtyas Hariyani , Rosyidi Unifah , Takdir Muh.
Published: December 2024

In the post-truth era, social media plays a strategic role in shaping public perceptions of school reputation. This article analyzes the role of public relations (PR) and social media as strategic tools for building school reputation through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Findings indicate that effective PR leveraging social media can create positive narratives supporting school image, enhancing public trust, and mitigating the impact of fake news. Social media functions not only as a communication channel but also as a collaboration tool among schools, students, and communities. The article concludes the importance of digital literacy, rapid response, and data-driven approaches in managing school reputation in the fast-paced information era.
USO DE FOTOBIOMODULAÇÃO PARA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS EM LESÕES DO TIPO DERMATITE ATÓPICA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Basso da Silva Giovani , De Lima Paz Caroline , Souza dos Santos Vinicius , Toledo Medeiros Joao Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O aumento da população idosa no Brasil mostra que os cuidados de saúde em instituições de longa permanência são essenciais. A dermatite atópica (DA) é um problema global que requer tratamentos e diagnósticos melhores. A fotobiomodulação como um método promissor de tratamento da DA em idosos, é uma tecnologia potencial para tratar lesões desta causa. Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados obtidos no tratamento com fotobiomodulação em lesão de pele em um paciente portador de lesões do tipo DA.  Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório de relato de experiência sobre o uso de fotobiomodulação para cicatrização de DA, em uma mulher, 69 anos, residente de uma instituição de longa permanência. Inicialmente utilizou-se o tratamento convencional da DA, creme hidratante e creme de barreira. Posteriormente, utilizou-se um protocolo híbrido de fotobiomodulação, com aplicações semanais (10 pontos de Infravermelho no contorno da ferida com uma energia de 2J, e, 15 pontos de Vermelho no leito da ferida com uma energia de 2J). Resultados: A reparação tecidual apresentou ótima cicatrização com o tratamento, após 15 dias, ou seja, 2 sessões. Sem apresentar prejuízo da área adjacente à lesão e eventos adversos locais ou sistêmicos durante o período de estudo. Os resultados permitem constatar que a fotobiomodulação em lesões do tipo DA contribuiu para acelerar a cicatrização, melhorou a evolução da lesão e o resultado estético no caso estudado. Conclusão: É possível inferir que a fotobiomodulação pode ser indicada como recurso importante para potencializar os processos biológicos envolvidos com a recuperação de lesões tipo DA.
Improving reproductive potential of male albino Wistar Rattus norvegicus  using Vitamin E and Laserpuncture
Authors: Hariani Dyah , Wardhani Hanifiya Samha , Kusuma Pungky Slamet Wisnu
Published: December 2024

Laserpuncture induction and administering Vitamin E as an opulent antioxidant may improve sperm quality. This study aimed to increase rat reproductive potential by inducing laserpuncture and adding vitamin E to their feed. The experimental study adopted a post-test in a completely randomized design in male albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), with four groups (Group A to D) : Group A: the control group (without vitamin E or Laserpuncture), Group B: Administered with vitamin E, Group C: Treated using Laserpuncture induction, and Group  D: Treated using Laserpuncture induction and administered with Vitamin E and five replicates. The rat reproductive potential parameters included testosterone levels, Gonado Maturity Stage (GMS), Gonado somatic Index (GSI), and concentration, motility and viability of sperm. Induction of Laserpuncture and administered with Vitamin E influenced testosterone hormone levels, motility viability, and the concentration of male rat's sperm (P < 0.05). Another finding showed that the higher GSI was not statistically significant (P > 0.897) with mature gonads, and GMS gave the most mature V stage for all treatments.  This study concluded that the combination of Laserpuncture induction and administration with Vitamin E had increased the reproductive potential of male albino Wistar rats in terms of testosterone levels and sperm quality.
In vitro the effect of ethanol extracts of Senna alexandrina and Achillea millefolium on fungi pathogenic to plants and humans
Authors: Al-Rejaboo Maha Akram , Almola Zakaria Sami , Almashhadani Mohammad Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Plant extracts are natural sources of bioactive compounds that could be used for crop protection and preserving human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of ethanolic extracts of Senna alexandrina leaves and Achillea millefolium flowers on the growth of some filamentous fungi and yeasts isolated from yellow corn and human. Alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers showed significant inhibitory effects against the filamentous fungi: Aspergillus flavus, A. ustus, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium citrinum, beside the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T.rubrum, T. schoenleinii, T. terrestre and T. verrucosum. The superiority of the A. millefolium flower extract over the Senna alexandrina leaves extract the growth of most of the tested fungi. There was a direct relationship between the concentrations of the alcoholic extract of A. millefolium flowers and the inhibition in halo diameters of Candida isolates. High concentrations, including (200, 150, 125, 100) mg/mL inhibited the growth of all Candida isolates, while the 25 mg/mL concentration was ineffective against any of the tested isolates. Candida krusei was the most sensitive to the alcoholic extract of Achillea flowers (inhibition halo=22 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/ mL). Candida glabrata was the most resistant. Also  direct relationship was recorded between the concentration of the alcoholic extract of S. alexandrina leaves and the diameters of the inhibition halos for Candida isolates. The high concentrations (200, 150, and 125 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of all the tested isolates. Candida albicans (2) was the most sensitive, while C. glabrata, was the most resistant. The present results showed the possible use of the two plant extracts as preventing factors for the growth of fungi in plants and humans.
Generation and clinical applications of stem cells in regenerative medicines
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ranjanee
Published: December 2024

Since the discovery of stem cells, they have been claimed to be nature’s miracle due to their unique properties, which set them apart from other cell types. It has fascinated the world with its myriad of opportunities in regenerative medicine, such as treating blood-borne cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, immune system diseases, heart diseases, etc. Although Stem Cell Therapy is yet to be commercialized in India, research and clinical trials using Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation are being conducted to understand the efficacy of stem cells in the remission of various malignant and non-malignant diseases such as Thalassemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Sickle Cell Disease, Aplastic Anemia, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis among other diseases. Stem cell research has bloomed over the years and has demonstrated immense potential in Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy, Somatic Stem Cell Therapy, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy and, with further understanding of stem cells, it could also be applied in drug modelling and drug development, skin replacement and regeneration, organ repair and regeneration and disease modelling for drug testing, revolutionizing the healthcare industry in the future. The present review discusses the research on stem cells, their applications in regenerative medicine, and economic, regulatory and ethical concerns.
An overview of the therapeutic potential of understudied lichen species for novel drug discovery
Authors: Venugopal Aswathy , Glaudline Stephey , Raj David Paul , Lakshiakanthan Emisha , S Vijayanand , Sevanan Murugan
Published: December 2024

Due to the emergence of new diseases, drug discovery is an ever-exciting field of science.  Researchers have shifted their focus from chemical-based medicines to drugs of natural origin and their structural synthetic analogues to solve the problem of developing antibiotic resistance and the detrimental impacts of existing chemical medications. Lichens are still one of the least explored natural sources for drug discovery. These slow-growing forms are a rich source of some exceptional secondary metabolites known collectively as lichenochemicals. The significant proportion of these lichenochemicals are bioactive compounds with multiple pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anticancer, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and neuroprotective abilities and are also high in nutritional values, making this uncanny combination of algae and fungi, together with their metabolites, so well renowned in traditional and indigenous medicine. Although only oral knowledge was available about them earlier, studies over the last few decades have isolated and identified some unique bioactive compounds with high medicinal values, making lichen biology one of the most interesting and promising areas of pharmacological research. More than half of the lichen species and phytochemicals are yet to be explored. However, lichen-derived vitamin D3 is the only vegan source of vitamin D3. Likewise, studies have shown that lichenochemicals can significantly reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance developed by microorganisms. Advanced techniques in identification and isolation, combined with bioinformatics, predictive software, and databases, have greatly aided in understanding lichen chemistry. This review summarizes the use of lichens in drug discovery with a highlight on recent breakthroughs in lichen biology.
Generation mean analysis in quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) for yield and quality attributes
Authors: Teja K Vinay , Raju K Krishnam , Reddy K Rashmi , Roy Anjan , Sil Poulami , Rao M Subba , Gupta Vishal Kumar
Published: December 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.), the world’s most significant cereal crop, provides a pivotal roles for the supply of food for humans and forage for livestock. The present study aimed to perform a Generation mean analysis of two quality protein maize (QPM) (Zea mays L.) crosses [(CML149 x CML330) and (CML143 x CML193)] in order to determine the genetic effects along with the nature of gene action controlling morphological and biochemical traits underlying inheritance. All four components of scaling testing revealed significant differences with the parameter model, indicating the importance of the additive, dominance and epistatic modes of gene action for the inheritance of physiological, biochemical, grain yield and its attributing traits. Dominance variance showed more importance than additive variance and the presence of duplicate form of non-allelic gene interaction was prevalent for all the characters studied except days to 50% silking in CML149 × CML330 ([h] = 2.064, [l] = 1.536) and membrane stability index in CML143 × CML193 ([h] = 4.055, [l] = 17.362) which showed complementary gene action. Characters with duplicate genes, grain yield per plant in CML149 × CML330 ([h] = 1545.776, [l] = -2126.616) and plant height in CML149 × CML330 ([h] = 113.336, [l] = -104.376) showed strong dominance and dominance x dominance gene action. The significant role of dominance variance and duplicate epistasis was noted in the inheritance of the aforementioned characters. Selection could be rewarding for consecutive populations, followed by a bi-parental mating design to improve these traits.
Biostimulants and calcium-mediated optimization in morpho-phenological growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in the summer season
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Kumar Prasann , Siddique Anaytullah
Published: December 2024

Mung bean, botanically referred to as Vigna radiata is valued for its superb quality of nutrition, which includes a large amount of protein, minerals, and vitamins, making it a staple worldwide. Morpho-phenological traits are critical indicators of plant growth and development, which influence the overall yield and quality of the mung bean; thus, optimizing these traits can improve the yield barriers. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of biostimulants and calcium-mediated response on the morpho-phenological growth of mung bean while assessing the growth, plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area  plant-1 (cm²), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), SPAD reading, and total chlorophyll content (mg g-1) were used. Among the treatment combinations, T7 (Calcium, 10mM + Bio-priming with Rhizobium + Putrescine, 3mM) showed statistically significant improvements (p <0.05%) in all measured parameters. This treatment yielded the highest values across the board. The second-best results were observed with the T5 (Calcium, 10mM + Putrescine, 3mM), which also showed significant improvements for most of the parameters at both intervals, i.e. 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Moreover, the analysis of the data in terms of percent increase/decrease over control produced a clear view of the morpho-physiological growth in the T7 and T5 treatments compared to the control, highlighting their effectiveness. Overall, this study revealed the significance of a synergistic approach of calcium, putrescine, and biopriming with rhizobium to optimize the morpho-phenological traits and enhance the yield of mung bean in the summer season.
Growth, mortality and stock assessment of Metapenaeus affinis (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from Iraqi waters
Authors: Hassan Khelud A. , Mohamed Abdul-Razak M. , Abed Jassim M.
Published: December 2024

Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) is one of the most productive shrimp fisheries in Iraqi waters. The study aimed to evaluate the growth, mortality, recruitment, yield-per-recruit, and virtual population analysis (VPA) of the M. affinis shrimp in these Iraqi waters. Samples were collected from the nursery grounds of the species in east Hammar marsh and the fishing grounds in Iraqi marine waters between November 2022 to October 2023. A total of 8021 M. affinis ranged from 2.0 to 15.6 cm TL (0.6-6.0 cm CL) were examined. The length-weight relationship exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern. Total length-frequency data for combined sexes was analyzed using the FiSAT II software. The asymptotic length, growth coefficient and growth performance index were 16.3 cm, 0.92 and 2.388, respectively. Total, natural and fishing mortalities were 3.69, 1.82 and 1.87, respectively. The current exploitation rate (Ecur) was 0.51. Length at first capture (Lc50) was higher than at first maturity length (Lm50). Recruitment continued throughout the year, with one major peak in April. The analysis of relative yield per recruit and relative biomass per recruit indicated that the Ecur of the stock was equal to its optimal level (E0.1= 0.520) and below its maximum sustainable yield (Emax= 0.628). To effectively manage the M. affinis stock, it is essential to adjust the mesh size so that the total length of the species at first capture must not be less than the length at first maturity. Consequently, it may have a chance to breed, and the nursery grounds should be protected from illegal fishing.
Diversity of plants and birds as an ecotourism attraction in the Segara Guna Batu Lumbang Mangrove Forest, Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Ginantra I Ketut , Abimanyu Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus , Regina Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Mangrove forests, with their diverse flora and fauna, vegetation structure, unique root systems, mud flats, and intertidal habitats with high and low tides, are very attractive ecotourism attractions. The present study aimed to identify and interpret the diversity of mangrove flora and birds in the Batu Lumbang mangrove ecotourism area of Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. Analysis of mangrove vegetation was carried out at four research stations using the square method, and observations of bird abundance were made using the point count method. The results showed that using mangrove forests in Batu Lumbang applies ecotourism principles. In the Segara Batu Lumbang mangrove forest, 9 species of true mangroves and 9 species of associated mangrove plants were found.  There were 30 species of birds belonging to 20 families. The diversity index of mangrove plants was 2.55, including the medium category. Several bird species were quite common and easy to find in this area, including the Little Pied Cormorant (Microcarbo melanoleucos), cave swiftlet (Collocalia linchi), greater egret (Egretta alba), small blue kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), and great billed heron (Ardea sumatrana). The bird diversity index was 3.28, which is in the high category. This shows that the condition of the mangroves in Batu Lumbang is stable. Information on the existence and interpretation of the characteristics of mangrove species and birds, the conservation status of species, and habitat use by birds are attractions in ecotourism. The mangrove and bird handbook is an important guide for guides or managers of ecotourism.
Molecular detection of genetic types of Cryptosporidium parvum parasite causing diarrhoea in Mosul city
Authors: Altaee Hiba Younis Qasim Yahya , Alkhashab Firas Mohammad Bashir , Alsabawi Rana Ibraheem mohammad Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidium is a crucial zoonotic parasite that leads to self-limiting gastroenteritis. The primary species responsible for cryptosporidiosis are Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum. The objective of the study was the microscopic identification using the Modified Zeihl Neelsen and floatation using the sugar sheather solution, as well as using the molecular identification technology via the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) to detect the 18SrRNA gene with DNA sequence analysis and the phylogenetic tree of some positive samples from various areas of Mosul city. Stool samples from 154 children under five with diarrhoea were collected at Ibn AlAtheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh Governorate from July to December 2023. Samples were tested for Cryptosporidium using Modified Zeihl Neelsen stain and floatation techniques. DNA extraction and nPCR were performed for molecular analysis.  The study showed that the infection percentage was 20.77% for 32 samples out of the total number of samples 154 stool samples, which were tested and microscopically identified in addition to the results of the molecular test that was conducted by using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) (32 samples were positive and 122 samples were negative) to confirm the accuracy of the microscope examination. The percentage of infection with C. parvum parasite was observed to be 18.75%, and the DNA sequencing of the infected samples was conducted. The three new isolates emerged for the first time in the Nineveh governorate and were registered at the National Center for the Biological Information (NCBI) with serial numbers (PP669700, PP669699, and PP669701).
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of biofilm genes for Proteus, Morganella, Providencia (PMP) bacterial group isolated from clinical samples of some hospitals in Mosul/Iraq
Authors: Taher Eman M. , Abdullah Basima A. , Taie Anmar A. AL
Published: December 2024

The three genera Proteus spp., Morganella spp., Providencia spp. (PMP) is a group of bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family that is predominantly implicated in nosocomial infections within hospital environments. The research aimed to ascertain the frequency of PMP in various clinical samples from some hospitals by isolation and confirming the identification of bacteria from biofilms using Viteck-2 and phenotypic and genotypic determinants of biofilm genes. Out of 380 isolates from different clinical sources that were identified phenotypically (microscopic examination, culture, and biochemical tests) confirmed identification of bacteria from biofilms using Viteck-2 and genotypic determinants of biofilm genes DNA were extracted from twenty identified strains, the PCR products derived were utilized for sequencing. The Congo Red Agar and Microplate methods employed encompassed qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the formation of biofilms. In this approach, bacteria that develop black colonies were assessed as positive for biofilm formation.Proteus mirabilis showed strong producers (19.8%), Providencia stuartii (100%), and Morganella morganii produced pink colonies. The strains were assessed as non-producers and analyzed quantitatively using the microplate technique. which shows strong biofilm production in most PMP groups. Genetic detection of biofilm genes showed that the mrpA gene was identified in P. mirabilis strains utilizing the PCR technique as positive for all strains at (100%) but M. morganii at (25%), positive amplification for all strains (100%) for the rsm gene in P. mirabilis strains.  P. stuartii gave positive detection for the fim A gene by utilizing the PCR technique as (100%). All genes were involved in biofilm formation.
Deciphering multivariate patterns and diversity analysis of yield and associate traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) accessions of northwestern India
Authors: Keerthana Sai , Singh Hardeep , Dubey N. , Delvadiya I. R. , Avinashe H.
Published: December 2024

Okra is a valuable crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruits. Understanding genetic variability and the relationship among key traits is essential for improving yield and other agronomic characteristics. This study focused on evaluating 27 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)  genotypes at research farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab to explore their genetic diversity and yield-contributing traits. The genetic variability of okra genotype assessed the relationships between yield-contributing traits and identified the traits with the most significant direct and indirect effects on the yield of okra. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for traits such as plant height, fruit production, seed weight and other characteristics. Variance analysis, heritability estimation, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to identify significant relationships and genetic diversity among genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation  was observed for fruit weight per plant, the number of main branches and seed weight per plant. Path analysis showed that seed weight per plant had the largest direct positive effect on fruit production per plant (0.878) and total number of main branches (0.845). Negative influences were seen from days to first flowering (-0.164). Cluster analysis revealed the highest genetic distance between cluster II and V (D2 = 356.76). Plant height (23.93%) and biological yield (22.22%) contributed most to genetic divergence. This study identified key traits such as seed weight and fruit production with the highest genetic potential for yield improvement in okra. The findings can be applied in breeding programs to develop high-yielding okra varieties through targeted selection.
Effects of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis on blood glucose in albino mice Balb/c
Authors: Al-Sharabi Samah Fathy , Hamoo Reeda Nathem , Mohammed Baydaa Ghanim
Published: December 2024

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important and prevalent disease affecting a wide range of hosts. It is caused by the parasite called T.gondii. The present study aimed to evaluate the blood glucose in serum in albino mice Balb/c induced  toxoplasmosis serum. Ten placenta samples were collected from aborted women from Al-Batoul and Al-Salam Hospital in Mosul city from October 2023 to December 2024 . Eighty mice were infected experimentally with toxoplasmosis (20 male and 20 female) by injecting tissue cysts isolated from the placenta into the peritoneal cavity of laboratory mice and five mice were dissected after each after 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post infection (p.i)).A serum was collected to determine the glucose and insulin levels, and the titer of anti-portant toxoplasma antibodies was measured using an ELISA kit. The number of tissue cysts in the impressions brain was numerate. Results showed an increase in glucose level concentration in all groups. The highest rate of glucose was recorded in infected males after the sixth week p.i (167.40±9.46)mg/dl. The highest increase in insulin levels was recorded in all infected groups (male and female) at all periods compared to control. Furthermore, There were significant differences in the rate of IgG antibody titer, as the highest rate of antibody concentration was recorded at the first-week p.i in female (0.54±0.06) titer .Also, the results showed significant differences in the number of cysts in all groups at the sixth week post–infected.
Potential of nanoemulsion of spiramycin in alleviating histological and embryonic changes in Swiss albino mice infected with congenital toxoplasmosis
Authors: Saleh Ahmed Hamad , AlDulaimi Liqaa Hussain , Ahmed Najwa Mahfoodh
Published: December 2024

Congenital toxoplasmosis can lead to harm to tissues and necessitate suitable treatments for better outcomes in affected cases.The present research assesses the effectiveness of spiramycin nanoemulsion combined with oil in lessening liver alterations in Toxoplasma gondii infected Swiss albino mice offspring.The findings indicate encouraging progress in maintaining liver tissue health and minimizing damage. Pregnant mice were divided into four groups (n=8 each): a control receiving distilled water, a group infected with T. gondii (5×10⁵ tachyzoites via intraperitoneal injection on day 7 of pregnancy), a group treated with nanoemulsion from day 7 to day 18, and an infected group treated with nanoemulsion from day 7 to day 8. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the nanoemulsion's activity and stability. Garlic oil demonstrated the highest spiramycin solubility (31.47 mg/mL), making it a suitable carrier for the nanoemulsion formulation. Histopathological examination of fetal liver tissue revealed that untreated infected mice showed significant necrosis and vacuolar degeneration in liver cells. the group treated with spiramycin nanoemulsion exhibited marked improvement, with liver tissues appearing nearly normal and minimal inflammatory cell infiltration. The group treated with nanoemulsion without infection displayed liver histology comparable to the control group. This study concludes that spiramycin nanoemulsion, especially using garlic oil, effectively combats T. gondii and mitigates liver damage in fetal mice. The oral administration of the nanoemulsion offers a practical, non-invasive approach, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for managing congenital toxoplasmosis. These findings emphasize the potential of spiramycin nanoemulsion as a novel intervention for reducing the histopathological impact of T. gondii during pregnancy.
Synergistic impacts of synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) on phytoremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil using Tagetus erecta L.
Authors: Arora Dinesh , Kumar Sunil , Arora Amit , Panghal Vishal
Published: December 2024

Rapid industrialization, particularly in developing countries, has increased lead (Pb) levels in soil and the environment. This study explores the impacts of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the phytoremediation of Pb using Tagetus erecta L. as a plant. A three-month pot experiment was tested with nZVI amendments of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, with a Pb metal concentration of 400 mg/kg. The nZVI was characterized with the FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Zeta Potential Analysis. The study assessed various plant growths, and physiological and biochemical parameters. Characterizations of nZVI revealed that synthesized nZVI were porous in structure, having good stability with a zeta potential of -11.8 mV. Results showed that 500 mg/kg nZVI amendments in Pb treated pots significantly (P<0.05) increased root length by 41%, shoot length by 22 %, relative water content (RWC) by 20%, and total chlorophyll by 25 % as compared to Pb only treatments. The findings also suggested that nZVI amendments resulted in decreased proline content to overcome the Pb stress. The Pb accumulation in T. erecta at 500 mg/kg nZVI amendments was 610 mg/kg in roots and 150 mg/kg in shoots. These were significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to Pb only treatments. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that plant growth parameters were negatively correlated with proline content. Hence, the integration of nZVI improved Pb phytoremediation efficiency and mitigated Pb-induced stress in T. erecta.
Effect of genotypes and artificial shading during flowering stage on the productivity patterns of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Ajana G. , Figuigui J. El , Laasli S. E. , Fatemi Z. , Daoui K.
Published: December 2024

In agroforestry systems, higher-positioned crops frequently tend to impose shade stress on lower-positioned ones, with consequent negative repercussions on the agronomic characteristics of the latter.  The present study was conducted under field conditions over two cropping seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, to evaluate the mechanisms of physiological (e.g., stomatal conductance and water relative content) and biochemical (e.g., proline and chlorophyll content) variations, as well as grain yield and its components of different Faba bean varieties subjected to shade stress. Six varieties of Vicia faba L. (Aguadulce, Hiba, Zina, Alfia17, Defes, and Extra hative) were subjected to three levels of artificial shade stress S1 (0%), S2 (50%), and S3 (90%) during the flowering stage. The results showed that variety, shade treatment, and year significantly affected above-ground biomass and yield attributes. Substantial reductions in grain yield of 31.17% and 53.34% were observed under S2 and S3, respectively, compared with S1, demonstrating the adverse impact of shading on this parameter. Significant differences between the studied varieties were noticed. Among the varieties tested, Hiba and Zina showed the highest grain yield under shade stress conditions. Shading decreased stomatal conductance for all varieties tested, influencing proline synthesis in response to this abiotic stress. The results suggest that incorporating high-performance varieties Hiba and Zina into agroforestry systems can provide significant added value to local farmers since they are the most tolerant to shade stress, which can improve the performance of the tree-plant association in terms of yield and productivity.
ROBOTS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Amante Garca Beatriz , Puig Ana , Zamora Joan LLuis , Moreno Joan , Sanfeliu Alberto
Published: December 2024

There are different strategies for urban waste management. At present, solutions are being sought for example to the noise that the collections cause to the inhabitants in the cities, as well as the environmental impact. The introduction of technology and particularly robots in the last time, open an opportunity to develop different applications for the robots last mile. This work presents a comparative analysis based on existing literature of the environmental and economic impacts of different waste collection and management systems. It explores how a robotic system could be introduced into public spaces. For this purpose, a new deployment protocol for public spaces has been developed, addressing these interactions. Surveys and personalized interviews with pedestrians in the presence of the robot in an urban center were conducted. Based on the collected data, a protocol has been designed, along with a proposed design applicable to urban centers, small towns, or isolated residential areas. Many challenges remain, including a comprehensive environmental analysis of the robotic waste collection system, and calculating the actual costs of implementation, operation, and maintenance over time.
SUSTAINABLE SOIL STABILIZATION OF ROAD PAVEMENT LAYERS USING WASTE MATERIALS: A MINI-REVIEW
Authors: Ajayi Victor , Epelle Promise , Akinwumi Isaac
Published: December 2024

The escalating generation of waste necessitates sustainable management strategies. This review explores the potential of waste materials as sustainable stabilizers for soil used in road construction. Conventional stabilizers like cement, while effective, comes with environmental drawbacks that should be addressed. Alternatively, diverse waste-based materials are being investigated as potential substitutes. Their usage in this regard contributes to lessen adverse ecological impact and improve soil properties at potentially low costs. Prior to the application of a specific soil stabilised with a specific waste material for a specific purpose, the potential risk of local environmental and health impacts from release and spreading of harmful substances due to leaching or escape of fugitive dust must be assessed and appropriate action (precautions, mitigating measures, changes of the soil/stabilizer mixture) must be taken when necessary to prevent unacceptable impacts. If properly managed, the utilization of waste materials for soil stabilization aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By diverting waste from landfills and promoting their use in construction, this approach presents a win-win scenario for both economic and environmental sustainability. Further research and development efforts are crucial to optimize waste-based soil stabilization techniques, ensuring durable and eco-friendly pavements. These wastes ultimately improve strength of the target soil, however, careful consideration should be given to determine the performance of these wastes as stabilizers and to know what aspects would require mitigation to maximize the potential of these waste materials to be used for good, instead of causing more harm to the ecosystem.
CASE REPORT: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT AND ENERGY RECOVERY FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL PURPOSE IN GERMANY
Authors: Guerreiro Erica , Baier Hubert , Münnich Kai , Simões André Felipe
Published: December 2024

This present case report aimed to analyze the waste sector in Germany regarding the pre-processed municipal solid waste (MSW) application for alternative fuel purposes, whose monitoring and specification of performance parameters are aligned with environmental and regulatory requirements, in order to obey emission limits and ensure the quality standards. Therefore, unlike other studies in the literature, it was made the correct differentiation about the denomination of alternative fuels in terms of their final quality, since this is directly related to the type of equipment and technology to be applied. It was observed that the lighter fractions (< 25 mm) of pre-processed waste are the most desirable for the high grade SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel) purposes in cement kilns, because they have less potential for contamination and can achieve higher calorific value and also. While the heavier fractions (< 80 – 100mm) are used as RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) to denote the alternative fuel with lower burning performance. Besides, it was found that this successful performance in Germany was achieved in a long-term evolutionary process based on technological development, stricter legislation, educational actions, and cooperation between industries and society.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL RECYCLING: TESTS IN THE PILOT PLANT IN VENICE AND SILICON APPLICATIONS FOR FERROALLOY PRODUCTION
Authors: Cerchier Pietrogiovanni , Miserocchi Francesco , Pezzato Luca , Nisato Francesco , Tassinato Graziano , Grigolato Carlo , Dabalà Manuele , Brunelli Katya
Published: December 2024

In 2020 9-Tech developed one of the most advanced technologies in Europe for recycling PV panels. In detail, the proposed technology is able to recover all the valuable materials contained in PV panels (aluminum, glass, copper ribbons, silver, silicon PV cells). The pilot plant, authorized by Veneto region in 2022, has been operating in 2023 showing good performances.
The recovered PV cells contain mainly silicon that is a Critical and Strategic Raw Material, but the presence of aluminum paste and silicon nitride makes challenging its reuse. Therefore, several uses for silicon are being investigated under the PARSIVAL project, specifically in the photovoltaic sector, battery anode manufacture, and ferroalloy production use.
In this work, the results of the tests in the pilot plant with the 9-Tech technology and the main findings regarding the possible use of the PV cells as reagent in STILLMETAL process for the production of ferrosilicon alloys are presented.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF GLASS FIBER REHINFORCED POLYMER (GFRP) VALORISATION PROCESSES FROM THE DECOMMISSIONING OF WIND TURBINES
Authors: De Marco Emanuela , Fantin Valentina , Cutaia Laura , Chiavetta Cristian
Published: December 2024

The production of wind energy is one of the most mature technologies in the field of renewable energy, and the rapid technological advances bring out the need to replace the old models of wind turbines with more efficient versions. Operators must plan the management of a large amount of resource flows from the end-of-life wind farm disposal. The use of composite materials, in particular epoxy resins reinforced with glass fibers (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer - GRFP), most used in the wind blades, makes the material separation and recovery operations quite complex. The purpose of the study is to compare the environmental performance of the life cycle of two treatment processes (mechanical recycling and co-processing in cement kiln), identified by literature as possible technologies for the treatment of GFRP, including also the environmental benefits obtainable through the valorisation of both the waste material itself (used as fuel) and the secondary material obtained at the end of the treatment process. The LCA study provides some general considerations about the possible recycling and recovery of GFRP material contained in wind turbine blades. In general terms, it can be stated that co-processing in cement kilns is a highly efficient process because it allows energy to be recovered from the waste material and part of it to be integrated into the clinker production process.
A review of potential physical and chemical markers for tyre and road wear particles
Authors: Tariq Zainab , Williams Ian D. , Cundy Andrew , Zapata-Restrepo Lina Maria , Hudson Malcolm
Published: December 2024

Plastic pollution poses a substantial environmental challenge on global scale. Recently, tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) have been recognized as a source of microplastic pollution to the freshwater environment. Whilst there is a growing concern regarding the potential environmental effects of microplastics, TRWPs are especially concerning because of the additives they have. These additives are utilised in the manufacturing of tyres; persist in the final product; become environmentally available; and may pose significant threats to an ecosystem. A current issue is the identification of specific constituents of TRWPs responsible for these threats. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is presented focusing on the physical and chemical characteristics of TRWPs with the aim to identify suitable marker(s). Wear particles derived from tyre tread possess distinctive a sausage shape that is exclusive to TRWPs. A range of chemical additives linked to tyres have been employed to quantify TRWPs, overlooking other potential sources such as brake wear and exhaust emissions. We found that significant amounts of 6PPD is used for the formulation of tyres, which is why 6PPD, and a comparatively stable transformation product 6PPD-quinone, could be used for the identification of TRWPs. We recommend that sampling and analysis methods be thoroughly documented to enhance the reproducibility.
ASSESSING THE BUSINESS POTENTIAL, PRICE VOLATILITY AND SUPPLY CHAIN CHALLENGES OF SILICON METAL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Rosado Santiago , Camporro Lucía , Gullón Lidia , Oñate Silvia , Mazadiego Luis Felipe , Llamas Juan , Moratilla Yolanda , Lumbreras Sara
Published: December 2024

The European Union (EU) is heavily reliant on raw materials, some of which pose critical supply challenges. The EU's Critical Raw Materials (CRM) policy, initiated in 2011 and recently reinforced by the 2023 Critical Raw Materials Act, seeks to ensure the sustainable supply of crucial raw materials due to scarcity or economic importance. One such sector significantly affected is photovoltaic (PV) energy production, which faces challenges due to the scarcity of materials like silicon metal, crucial for PV cell manufacturing. Despite efforts to mitigate supply risks, challenges persist, including limited recycling and dependency on imports. This study evaluates annual silicon prices and volatility to assess the business potential of silicon metal production in the EU under current import reliance and 2030 targets. Analysing production trends and applications reveals a concentrated supply chain and diverse industrial uses of silicon metal. Price analysis highlights specific events influencing silicon metal prices, emphasizing its criticality to various economic sectors.
Integrating Electronic Participation in the Legislative Process to Optimize the Fulfillment of Meaningful Participation
Authors: Wafi Mochamad Adli , Izzi Muhammad Machshush Bill
Published: December 2024

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 mengamanatkan penerapan meaningful participation dalam proses pembentukan undang-undang. Sejalan dengan revisi UU P3, partisipasi publik secara daring atau e-participation mulai diakomodasi bersamaan dengan substansi meaningful participation. Artikel ini mengkaji penerapan e-participation dalam proses legislasi di Indonesia untuk mengoptimalkan partisipasi publik melalui pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Tiga rumusan permasalahan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah: (1) bagaimana evaluasi pengaturan dan pelaksanaan e-participation dalam proses legislasi saat ini? (2) bagaimana perbandingan e-participation dalam pembentukan undang-undang di berbagai negara? (3) bagaimana reformulasi e-participation guna mengoptimalkan pemenuhan partisipasi bermakna? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan menemukan empat isu krusial dalam reformulasi e-participation di Indonesia, yaitu: (1) penguatan infrastruktur Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik; (2) unifikasi pengaturan lembaga pembentuk undang-undang yang menyelenggarakan e-participation; (3) akomodasi model citizen initiative dan crowdsourcing; serta (4) pengaturan waktu pelaksanaan e-participation.