bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Effect of Parathyroidectomy on Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kongsaree Nattanan , Thanyajaroen Thanaporn , Dechates Bothamai , Therawit Phonthip , Mahikul Wiriya , Ngaosuwan Kanchana
Published: May 2024

Context

Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is recommended for curing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), although uncertainty remains regarding the extent of fracture risk reduction following surgery.

Objective

This work aimed to compare fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) changes in patients with PHPT undergoing PTX vs observation (OBS).

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until September 2022, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and reviewed citations from previous reviews. Among 1260 initial records, 48 eligible articles from 35 studies (5 RCTs; 30 cohorts) included PHPT patients receiving PTX or OBS interventions with reported fracture events at any site, including the hip, spine, or forearm, and/or BMD changes at each location. Data extraction followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines by 2 independent reviewers.

Results

In 238 188 PHPT patients (PTX: 73 778 vs OBS: 164 410), PTX significantly reduced fractures at any site (relative risk [RR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74-0.86) compared to OBS. In 237 217 patients (PTX: 73 458 vs OBS: 163 759), the risk of hip fractures decreased (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76). No reduction in forearm and vertebral fractures was observed in 3574 and 3795 patients, respectively. The annual percentage BMD changes from baseline were higher in the PTX group: femoral neck, 1.91% (95% CI, 1.14-2.68); hip, 1.75% (95% CI, 0.58-2.92); radius, 1.75% (95% CI, 0.31-3.18); spine, 2.13% (95% CI, 1.16-3.10).

Conclusion

PTX significantly reduced overall and hip fracture risks in PHPT patients. Despite minimal BMD increase, the substantial decrease in fracture risk suggests additional benefits of PTX beyond mineral content enhancement.
Role of dietary supplements in the treatment of asthma - a narrative review
Authors: Kozicz Michał Andrzej , Kołodziej Magdalena , Saiuk Nazarii , Mądry Wojciech , Marcicka Justyna , Mazurkiewicz Aleksandra , Salasa Weronika , Wojciechowska Adriana , Seredyński Tomasz , Męczyńska Joanna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of airway affecting both adults and children. In a large number of cases asthma remains poorly controlled. There is a need to find an additional therapeutic demeanour alleviating symptoms and lowering the risk complications in a long-term. Recently, increasing number of studies has been examining dietary supplements in regards to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-remodelling properties and their use in asthmatic patients.
Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to collect and analyse current literature regarding influence of different dietary supplements on the course of asthma in both adults and children. 
Methods and Materials: Extensive research was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, with the primary focus on literature from the past 5 years. Firstly, potential dietary supplements affecting course of asthma were collected. The names of the substances were juxtaposed with term “Asthma” to gather data regarding their effect on occurrence and control of asthma and potential mechanisms responsible for it. Additionally, references from selected articles were included in the analysis.
Results: Dietary supplements show promising results in decreasing asthma symptoms and lowering inflammation of airway. However, our study revealed that in current state of knowledge there is a deficit of studies performed on humans, especially large-scale, prospective studies that assess the efficacy of different doses of dietary supplements. Thus, further research of dietary supplements in asthma is needed, especially large-scale randomised controlled trials.
Clinical manifestations of EVALI in adolescents and the impact of e-cigarettes on the respiratory disease
Authors: Hądzlik Izabela , Piotrowski Jan , Durowicz Marcin , Paśnik Joanna , Sendecka Gabriela , Kistela Natalia , Skrzypczak Katarzyna Oktawia , Krala-Szkaradowska Magdalena , Stencel Nicola Joanna , Stuczyński Sebastian Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the popularity of electronic cigarettes among adolescents and young adults worldwide.  E-cigarettes have reached the market without the extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long-term safety studies required for conventional therapeutics and medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at the population level and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Studies show measurable adverse biological effects on organ and cell health in humans, animals and in vitro. E-cigarette use also increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. There is a serious risk of complications associated with e-cigarette use, such as EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury) - serious lung damage associated with, especially for adolescents. This paper reviews the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health.
The impact of new glucose monitoring systems on parameters of diabetes metabolic control. Literature review
Authors: Salasa Weronika , Seredyński Tomasz , Mądry Wojciech , Mazurkiewicz Aleksandra , Kołodziej Magdalena , Męczyńska Joanna , Saiuk Nazarii , Kozicz Michał Andrzej , Wojciechowska Adriana , Marcicka Justyna
Published: May 2024

Introduction
In recent years, there has been tremendous development in medicine, including diabetology. A significant portion of these achievements pertains to pharmacological treatment. However, one should not overlook the advancement of devices necessary for monitoring glucose levels, such as glucometers or CGM and FGM systems. In this paper, I want to focus on how the use of glucose monitoring systems affects the course of diabetes.
Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of glucose monitoring systems (CGM and FGM) on parameters of metabolic control in diabetes.
Materials and methods
The article was created based on the PubMed and Scholar databases. The literature was analyzed using the following keywords: Continuous glucose monitor, CGM, flash glucose monitoring, FGM, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetes mellitus, Metrics of Glycemic.
Results
Research has confirmed that the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems lowers HbA1c in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes regardless of age and treatment modality. Furthermore, the use of CGM and FGM reduces the number of hypoglycemic episodes and increases time in range (TIR).
Conclusions
Thanks to the results obtained from numerous studies, it can be assumed that the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems is not only an adjunct to diabetes therapy but also an important component of it. With this technology combined with modern medications, we can achieve better glycemic control and, consequently, improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes.
China–North Korea Arms Trade from the Perspective of Chinese Scholars
Authors: Rinaldi Jake
Published: May 2024

executive summary: This article examines the historical context and evolving dynamics of China–North Korea arms trade and its future scenarios, shedding light on the motivations, methods, and implications of this strategic partnership. main argument
An assessment of open-source materials authored by Chinese scholars and experts indicates that, despite international sanctions on weapon sales to North Korea, arms exports play a significant role in enhancing China's geopolitical influence, countering the U.S., and securing a Chinese presence on the Korean Peninsula. Arms exports from China to North Korea are likely to shift from individual products to integrated systems, influenced by the adoption of systems thinking in both the Chinese and the North Korean defense sectors. Additionally, arms trade may evolve toward taking place within China's expanding multilateral frameworks, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Initiative. China may also see a role for North Korea as an intermediary for arms sales to other sanctioned states, mirroring its historical role as an intermediary for North Korea. policy implications
• If arms sales from China to North Korea transform into system-based packages, then policymakers should anticipate changes in the nature and coordination of North Korean weaponry, necessitating a reassessment of defense strategies. • If China integrates arms trade into multilateral frameworks, then it is recommended that the U.S. monitor and assess the impact of these organizations on regional security dynamics and consider diplomatic measures to mitigate their securitization. • If North Korea acts as an intermediary for Chinese arms sales to sanctioned states, then robust intelligence efforts and international collaboration should be prioritized to enforce arms control regimes and curb illicit activities. • If Chinese assistance enhances North Korea's military capabilities, then counterstrategies for North Korean systems warfare and advanced technologies will be important for the U.S. so that it can continue to operate effectively in networked environments on the Korean Peninsula.
Christopher Smart, Concordia Discors , and the Figure of the Distressed Woman: Sentiment and Sentimental Parody in the Student and the Midwife
Authors: Pahl Chance David
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay discusses the two magazines with which Christopher Smart was most closely associated: the Student, or Oxford and Cambridge Monthly Miscellany (1750–51) and the Midwife, or The Old Woman's Magazine (1750–53). I focus specifically on the rarely discussed sentimental vignettes depicting female virtue in distress that are interspersed through both magazines. Although Smart did not write all of these tales—he produced the Midwife almost single-handedly but was one of several contributors to the Student —the ones he did compose show him to be a shrewd literary projector, responsive to market forces and an emerging demographic of sentimental readers. Curiously, however, Smart tends to surround sentimental depictions of distressed women with humorous parodies of virtue in distress. In these parodies, the predatory and diabolical men of sentimental narratives are replaced by comic, bumbling admirers; at the same time, innocent and naive female victims give way to experienced and aggressive old maids. Although Smart was inclined to satire, I argue that these tales do not, despite initial appearances, offer an underhanded attack on the sentimental tradition by comically parodying the pathetic tale. Smart may not have been a sentimentalist at heart, but neither was he opposed to sentimental narratives per se. So, what then? This conundrum can be resolved by considering both Smart's overarching commitment to miscellaneity and his concomitant desire for unity in diversity. Smart is strongly critical of other midcentury magazines, primarily because of their disconnected character. While actively promoting miscellaneity, Smart also works to create a sense of connection amongst disparate pieces in the Student and the Midwife , thereby achieving a kind of unity in an inherently fractured form. It is in this light that we should understand Smart's tendency to juxtapose sentimental vignettes with comic parodies. While obviously contrasting in tone, such tales are nevertheless fundamentally connected. As such, Smart's curious combination turns out to be part of a larger project to counter key weaknesses of the magazine form and, in the process, to achieve credibility for an otherwise disreputable genre.
The Material World of Outlander : Objects Through Time
Authors: Pelling Madeleine , Waine Rosie
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Based on a series of historical fantasy novels by Diana Gabaldon, Outlander (Starz, 2014–) has become an international sensation. At a time when audiences are increasingly drawn to period drama as a vehicle through which to engage with the past, Outlander has emerged as an important media text for exploring the role and formation of public history in contemporary popular culture. Focusing on its material culture, this article situates Outlander within broader scholarly debates regarding the historiographical potential (and limitations) of representing the eighteenth-century world via the twenty-first-century screen. Arranged across three sections, we explore how Outlander objects function at narrative, production, and extratelevisual levels. In reimagining onscreen the material eighteenth century, we argue that the show poses critical questions about the role and representation of history through things . We look to the ways in which objects are perceived and experienced by characters in Outlander , as well as to the show's expansion into a material world beyond the televisual, specifically its dialogues with Scotland's heritage industry and evolving global fan cultures. In doing so, we draw on recent developments in material and temporal studies within eighteenth-century scholarship, locating Outlander as a multimedial text with ongoing and real-life material, genre, and historiographical implications.
Introduction: Antiracism and Eighteenth-Century Studies
Authors: Chico Tita
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The premise of this critical conversation is that the work of eighteenth-century studies cannot be cleaved from the practice of antiracism. The antiracist critical insights that emerge from the study of the long eighteenth century must bear meaningfully on the work we conduct today in our academic homes, our classrooms, our professional societies, and in and on a chimerical academic job market. An invigorated antiracist field of eighteenth-century studies holds great promise, but only if this work about how we tell stories about our pasts likewise imagines a more equitable and just future for those who have been and who continue to be, in the words of Lisa Lowe in The Intimacies of Four Continents , "forgotten, cast as failed or irrelevant because they do not produce 'value' legible within modern classifications."
A Fallow Season for Eighteenth-Century Studies
Authors: Peiser Megan
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In this essay I reflect on how tending to Indigenous plants has taught me the essential step in a cycle of healing and learning: a fallow time. I propose a fallow season as a radical step that institutions and organizations can take as part of their antiracist commitments. Providing examples of the harm done by a constant-productivity model, this essay considers what types of academic output will have to halt, and what kinds of new work can be done, in a fallow period as an investment in an antiracist future for our field, our students, our selves, and our future.
Classical and Non-Classical Experiments of Physical Optics: Showing New Mysteries and Testing Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: May 2024

Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery". Penrose (2022) states that “the current quantum mechanics […] is an inconsistent theory”. To study the mystery, explore the nature of light, and test Penrose’s statement, we experimentally show, for the first time, Four Novel Phenomena that are also new mysteries.
Single slit
Parallel double slit
Non-parallel double slit
Curved double slit

(1) in the same double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from the diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal interference patterns; (2) in the same single slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and then, gradually evolve to the orthogonal diffraction patterns; (3) in the non-parallel-double-slits experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, we observe non-wave pattern and then, which gradually evolve to the hybrid patterns, namely the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction patterns; the hybrid patterns depend on the angle between two slits; (4) Curved-double slit produces non-wave pattern, then gradually evolve to Arc-interference pattern, and then, gradually evolving to Point-symmetry interference pattern. In order to show the universality of each of Four Novel Phenomena, we performed several experiments for each of Four Novel Phenomena. The differences between the single slit, parallel-double slit, non-parallel-double slit and Curved-double slit do not seem so suggestive. However, the patterns are unexpectedly fundamentally different. To consistently/completely explain above Four Novel Phenomena is the challenge to the existing wave theories. The new experimental phenomena support Penrose’s statement. Advances in physical optical experiments demand a consistent/complete theory.
High-precision infrared emissivity measurement and temperature inversion method
Authors: Wang Gangquan , Bai Yinxue , Liu Yue , Li Longfei , Zhang Kaihua , Zhao Baolin , Liu Yufang , Yu Kun
Published: May 2024

The application potential of thermal radiation measurements in energy harvesting, infrared stealth, and radiative cooling has stimulated renewed research interest in this domain. However, the precise measurement of thermal radiation in laboratory settings encounters challenges stemming from the emission of thermal radiation by optical components and the surrounding environment. In this study, a measurement method was devised to segregate the backgrounds of optical components and sample signal, thereby facilitating accurate measurement of the infrared spectral emissivity of samples at room temperature and higher. Calibration of sample measurement temperatures was accomplished through the fitting of measured spectra of sample with Planck theoretical spectra. To validate the measurement method, a Pt/Cr/Si emitter was conceived and fabricated. The spectral emissivity of the sample, as measured, exhibited commendable concordance with simulation results, underscoring the efficacy of the measurement approach.
Compact photonic model based on coupled-mode theory for nonlinear interactions in electronic-photonic co-simulation
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Fan Xiaolong , Chen Nuo , Qiu Ciyuan , Wang Xingsheng , Wang Xingze , Xu Jing , tan Min
Published: May 2024

This paper demonstrates a Verilog-A compact photonic model based on coupled-mode theory for four-wave mixing (FWM) to present a general framework and methodology for modeling nonlinear interactions in electronic-photonic co-simulation. The model is compatible with existing EDA platforms and can support rapid electronic-photonic co-simulation. It avoids describing the complicated physical process of the FWM and provides an easy way for system designers to monitor the dynamics of the critical optical parameters, thus accelerating the co-design and co-optimization of the electronic-photonic hybrid systems incorporating FWM. Meanwhile, the model is not tailored for a particular photonic device but can be applied to different photonic devices as a fundamental component. The model framework and modeling methodology presented in this paper are expected to be further applied to the modeling of other optical nonlinear interactions. The simulation results of the proposed model agree well with both numerical and experimental results. A closed-loop electronic-photonic co-simulation example using the proposed model is also carried out successfully.
Hybrid photoexcitation in ultralow-nitrogen diamond by mid-IR femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Kudryashov Sergey , Smirnov Nikita , Buga Sergei , Blank Vladimir , Pakholchuk Peter , Busleev Nikolay , Kornilov Nikolay
Published: May 2024

UV-range photoluminescence (PL) of free excitons was acquired in ultralow-nitrogen high-pressure, high-temperature diamond by mid-infrared (MIR, 4.0 and 4.7 μm) femtosecond (fs) laser pulses, indicating the direct interband photoexcitation. At lower laser intensities (< 10 TW/cm2) the excitonic PL yields exhibit highly non-linear dependences with Iλ2-scaling and power slopes N=17 (4.0 μm) and 14 (4.7 μm), still insufficient to cross over the direct bandgap >7.5 eV. At the Keldysh parameter value γ<1 such incomplete multi-photon interband excitation anticipates the hybrid “multiphoton + tunneling” photoexcitation generally predicted by the Keldysh theory, but never unambiguously experimentally demonstrated. At the intermediate values of the Keldysh parameter γ<1 the hybrid photoexcitation process is energy-scalable regarding intragap defect electronic states (> 3.5 eV), being envisioned by dislocation-related A-band (deep donor-acceptor traps) photoluminescence. These findings demonstrate the hybrid “multiphoton+tunneling” photoexcitation of intragap defect electronic states and interband photogeneration of free carriers in diamond in the intense MIR fs-laser fields governed by Iλ2-factor, and pave the way to defect/impurity band engineering of intragap non-linear optical properties in bulk dielectrics for their precise fs-laser nanomodification.
Dual-grating single-shot pump-probe technique
Authors: Tianchen Yu , Yang Junyi , Li Zhongguo , Wu Xingzhi , fang yu , Yang Yong , SONG Ying-lin
Published: May 2024

A simple and effective single-shot pump-probe technique is reported for studying the ultrafast dynamic processes in various materials. Using only two commercial gratings, a large time window of ~ 95.58 ps is spatially encoded in a single probe pulse, and single-shot time-resolved measurements are implemented. This time window exceeds the maximum reported values for single-shot pump-probe techniques using the echelon or angle beam encoding strategy. The phase difference problem in the echelon encoding strategies is also eliminated and a customized echelon is not needed in this technique. The ultrafast dynamic processes of ZnSe and indolium squaraine at a wavelength of 650 nm were investigated using this technique.
Controllable split polarization singularities for ultra-precise displacement sensing
Authors: Zhou Jiakang , Ma Haixiang , Zhang Shuoshuo , Yuan Wu , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong , Zhang Yuquan
Published: May 2024

The topic of optical precise displacement measurement has garnered significant attention and generated widespread interest recently. The use of optical singularity offers a potential solution for this purpose, although effectively manipulating the singularity in an ideal manner remains challenging. In this work, we propose a theoretical approach to achieve controllable position modulation of the C-point in the focal plane, whose spatial position can be easily modulated by adjusting the relative offset factor β and the offset angle α of an azimuthal polarization beam (APB), while the interval and orientation of the C-points can be flexibly regulated. Notably, the chiral polarization state undergoes a distinct reversal along the link-line connecting the two C-points, thereby providing a promising approach for accurate displacement sensing. To evaluate its sensing characteristics, the varying pattern of the scattered field intensity is monitored when sweeping a gold helix and nanoparticle along the link-line. The results of simulation quality index Q verify that the equilibrium factor of the scattering field possesses an obvious linear relationship with the displacement, signifying a precise sub-nanometric sensitivity. This research introduces new methods for the flexible control of polarization singularities in tightly focused fields, thereby enhancing the utilization of circular polarization properties near C-points for displacement sensing. These findings not only enrich the field of nanometer measurement technology but also pave the way for new avenues of research in this domain.
Identification of novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria from soymilk waste using the 16s rRNA gene for potential use in poultry
Authors: Srifani Anifah , Mirnawati Mirnawati , Marlida Yetti , Rizal Yose , Nurmiati Nurmiati , Lee Kyung-Woo
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: In-feed antibiotics have been used as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to enhance the genetic potential of poultry. However, the long-term use of AGPs is known to lead to bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in poultry meat and eggs. To address these concerns, alternatives to AGPs are needed, one of which is probiotics, which can promote the health of livestock without having any negative effects. In vitro probiotic screening was performed to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from soymilk waste to be used as a probiotic for livestock.

Materials and Methods: Four LAB isolates (designated F4, F6, F9, and F11) isolated from soymilk waste were used in this study. In vitro testing was performed on LAB isolates to determine their resistance to temperatures of 42°C, acidic pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity to the intestine, and ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. A promising isolate was identified using the 16S rRNA gene.

Results: All LAB isolates used in this study have the potential to be used as probiotics. On the basis of the results of in vitro testing, all isolates showed resistance to temperatures of 42°C and low pH (2.5) for 3 h (79.87%–94.44%) and 6 h (76.29%– 83.39%), respectively. The survival rate at a bile salt concentration of 0.3% ranged from 73.24% to 90.39%, whereas the survival rate at a bile salt concentration of 0.5% ranged from 56.28% to 81.96%. All isolates showed the ability to attach and colonize the digestive tract with a hydrophobicity of 87.58%–91.88%. Inhibitory zones of LAB against pathogens ranged from 4.80–15.15 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 8.85–14.50 mm against Salmonella enteritidis, and 6.75–22.25 mm against Escherichia coli. Although all isolates showed good ability as probiotics, isolate F4 showed the best probiotic ability. This isolate was identified as Lactobacillus casei strain T22 (JQ412731.1) using the 16S rRNA gene.

Conclusion: All isolates in this study have the potential to be used as probiotics. However, isolate F4 has the best probiotic properties and is considered to be the most promising novel probiotic for poultry.

Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, poultry, probiotic.
The first evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus circulation in Libya
Authors: Elkhoja Hania , Buishi Imad , Brocchi Emiliana , Grazioli Santina , Mahmoud Abdusalam , Eldaghayes Ibrahim , Dayhum Abdunaser
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is endemic in North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin with high socioeconomic impacts. However, there are no data on this disease in Libya. One of the aims of this study was to provide data on BVD in Libya, to fill in the gap in the region and to investigate the level of seroprevalence of BVD virus (BVDV) in Libya and associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1599 serum samples were collected from cattle herds belonging to seven Libyan regions. All sera were assayed using a screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against BVDV.

Results: The overall seroprevalence of BVDV was estimated to be 48.6% (95% confidence interval, 46.08%–50.98%). A seroprevalence rate of 36.8% was detected in cattle aged <1 year, 41.0% in cattle aged between 1 and 2 years, and 49.7% in cattle aged >2 years. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed between age groups. BVDV seroprevalence was significantly associated with geographical region (p = 0.033).

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on BVD in Libya, and the results suggest that BVD is endemic in Libya. Further studies are required to isolate and characterize the circulated BVDV in Libya.

Keywords: bovine viral diarrhea virus, Libya, risk factors, seroprevalence.
Results of a retrospective study of the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin RinFast® in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dianov O. A. , Oleynik D. A. , Fofanova A. V.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that in recent years, the original insulin preparations have been replaced with biosimilars in the regions of the Russian Federation, but there are currently few studies describing the use of insulin biosimilars in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), both in domestic and foreign sources.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety insulin therapy with RinFast® (GEROPHARM LLC, Russia) as bolus therapy in combination with long-acting insulin and as monotherapy in an insulin pump in children with DM1 in real clinical practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dynamics of HbA1c after 3 and 6 months, the change in daily insulin requirements, the fre quency of episodes of postprandial hyper- and hypoglycemia, adverse reactions at injection sites, the number of patients who reached the target values of HbA1c in children with DM1 who received RinFast® at least 6 months after the original analogue of insulin aspart were evaluated.

RESULTS: The study was conducted in 50 children with DM1 from 1 to 18 years old (average age 9.8±4.6 years), with a duration of DM1 of more than 1 year (average duration 3.5±2.1 years), who had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the beginning of follow-up of no more than 9.5% and received biosimilar RinFast® for at least 6 months after the transfer from the original analogue of insulin aspart. Basic bolus insulin therapy in 36 children was carried out using multiple injections of insulin (MII), in 14 — continuous supply of insulin (NPI) using an insulin pump. The study resulted in HbA1c levels comparable to the baseline 3 and 6 months after the start of therapy with the RinFast® biosimilar (p=0.05), no changes in the daily ­insulin ­requirement (p=0.05) and no increase in the frequency of episodes of postprandial hyper- (p=0.05) and hypoglycemia (p=0.05) and adverse events (p=0.05). High adherence to treatment with the RinFast® biosimilar was noted.

CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate the absence of a clinically significant deterioration in glycemic control indicators after the transfer of children with DM1 to therapy with the RinFast® biosimilar, which makes it possible to use it safely and effectively in this category of patients.
Remission of type 2 diabetes: opportunities of different nutrition styles
Authors: Eliashevich S. O. , Misharova A. P. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: May 2024

Last time there are a lot of date, published systematic reviews and meta-analyses about relationship between eating behavior and incidence type 2 diabetes. It is known that more than 80% of cases of type 2 diabetes are associated with obesity. In this regard, the nutritional factor is of particular importance in the formation of treatment goals for patients with type 2 diabetes. Today, the disease is no longer a sentence, because achieving remission of type 2 diabetes is possible with the help of nutritional correction. The results of studies shown that a significant decrease in body weight is a predictor of remission of type 2 diabetes. However, the question of the best dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes remains open. Various dietary patterns (Mediterranean, paleo diet, DASH system, etc.) contribute to the improvement of glycemia, however, there is not enough data indicating a regression of symptoms of type 2 diabetes. In all likelihood, achieving remission is possible only with a significant reduction in daily caloric intake. The ketogenic diet, especially popular in recent times, also improves glycemic control. At the same time, according to the results of a meta-analysis, carbohydrates from whole grains and cereal fibers should not be neglected, because this category of products helps reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Time in range prediction using the experimental mobile application in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rusanov A. N. , Rodionova T. I.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Time in range (TIR) is a promising indicator of glycemic control used for evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The current problem is the assessment and prediction of TIR for patients who use self-monitoring of blood glucose (SМBG) corresponding low CGM availability for the majority of diabetic patients.

AIM: To develop a predictive model of TIR for patients with T1DM based on data of the experimental mobile application.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of 1253 professional CGM profiles of patients with T1DM was performed. On the base of included records, TIR(CGM) was calculated and training models of 7-point SMBG profiles were generated. SMBG profiles’re loaded into the developed experimental mobile application that calculated standard glycemic control parameters. The dataset was divided into main and test samples (80 and 20%). For the main sample, the following methods’re used to develop predictive models: simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN). The effectiveness of the developed models was assessed on the test sample with the calculation of the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE).

RESULTS: The 568 CGM profiles’re included in the study. TIR in the main group (n=454) — 45 [33; 65]%, in the test group (n=114) — 43 [33; 58]%. The most significant predictors of the regression models were the derived TIR (dTIR), p<0,001; derived time below range level 1 (dTBR1), p<0,001; standard deviation of blood glucose (SD), p=0,007. Determination coefficient for SLR (predictor: dTIR) — 0,844; for MLR (predictors: dTIR, dTBR1, SD) — 0,907. ANN multilayer perceptron models with two and one hidden layers’re developed, with the RMSE on the validation set 4,617 and 6,639%, respectively. The results of the forecast efficiency on the test sample were: dTIR: MAE — 6,82%, RMSE — 8,60%; SLR: MAE — 5,66%, RMSE — 7,34%; MLR: MAE — 4,18%, RMSE — 5,28%; ANN (2 layers): MAE — 4,14%, RMSE — 5,19%; ANN (1 layer): MAE — 4,44%, RMSE — 5,52%.

CONCLUSION: ANN with two hidden layers and MLR demonstrated the best ability for TIR prediction. Further studies are required for clinical validation of developed prognostic models.
Influence of peripheral nerve system on proliferation and migration of keratinocytes on site of the wound edges
Authors: Artemova E. V. , Dzhemilova Z. N. , Gorbacheva A. M. , Galstyan G. R. , Tokmakova A. Yu. , Berdalin A. B. , Gavrilova S. A.
Published: May 2024

AIM: to assess proliferation and migration of keratinocytes at the nonhealing edges of neuropathic wounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 patients with neuropathic ulcers and 5 patients without diabetes with decubitus were enrolled. Diabetic foot (DF) patients were underwent to standard treatment including debridement, atraumatic dressing, offloading, antibacterial therapy if it needs. Severity of peripheral neuropathy was assessed according to the NDS scale. Histo­logical (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67 , α7nAChR markers) examination of wound edge were done during treatment (0, 10, 24 days).

RESULTS: All patients have severe neuropathy according to NDSm (>8). The average size of DF ulcers before and on 10th day of treatment was of 4 cm2 and 2,5 cm2, respectively (p<0,004). Neuropathic ulcers were characterized by hyperproliferative epidermis. Mitotically active keratinocytes reside throughout the suprabasal layers. Ki-67 expressed all layers of the epidermis, but a greater staining density was detected in the basal layer. The density of a7nAChR-positive cells increased from 0 to 24 days (p=0,031).

THE CONCLUSION: The data shows that neuropathy is one of the possible mechanisms of keratinocyte cell cycle disruption: proliferative activity and ability to migrate. Identification of new signaling pathways regulating the physiological repair of tissues and the study of their disorders in diabetes mellitus opens the prospect of developing an optimal therapeutic strategy.
Место волонтеров в системе реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации: результаты анализа дискурса российских СМИ
Authors: Башева Ольга Александровна , Гоманова Сильвия Олеговна , Ермолаева Юлия Вячеславовна
Published: May 2024

В статье представлены результаты качественного и количественного анализа материалов СМИ о спасательном волонтерстве за 2018-2019 гг., проведенного с применением фрейм-анализа, предложенного Д. Сноу и Р. Бенфордом. Данный подход предполагает выделение трех центральных фреймов (диагностического, прогностического и мотивационного) для определения проблемной ситуации, интерпретации причин ее возникновения, оценки и выработки рекомендаций по ее разрешению.
Диагностический фрейм иллюстрирует масштаб и функционал волонтерского движения, характер его встроенности в систему реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации (ЧС) через описание системы взаимодействий с официальными службами, а также проблемные аспекты в области реагирования на ЧС, способствующие развитию добровольческого спасательного движения. Последние включают нехватку штата специалистов на местах, большие по площади территории, бюрократические препоны и проч. В рамках диагностического фрейма выделен образ волонтера, формируемый в СМИ дуально: как саморепрезентация волонтеров и как представления, складывающиеся в сознании других участников коммуникации. Можно сказать, что двойственный образ адаптируется к требованиям текущей ситуации в стране, характеризующейся необходимостью волонтерского участия в реагировании на ЧС, и наделяется идеологическими и социальными ценностями, отвечающими общественным потребностям.
Прогностический фрейм показывает перспективы и условия развития добровольческого движения, а также его потенциал в повышении эффективности системы реагирования на ЧС (официальный дискурс подразумевает все большую поддержку волонтерства, снижение его стихийности и трансформацию в компетентный и контролируемый ресурс сил реагирования на ЧС).
Мотивационный фрейм показывает, какую реальную пользу оно уже приносит и может принести в дальнейшем: волонтеры рассматриваются как необходимый «ресурс» и помощь профессиональным службам в связи с географическим масштабом России, нехваткой штатных сотрудников служб спасения, наличием у волонтеров локальных знаний и технологий.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Волонтерство в чрезвычайных ситуациях как ответ на природные и техногенные вызовы в России», поддержанного РНФ, грант № 19-78-10052.
«Интернет там, где у меня пожар»: как молодые люди относятся к интернету и какое значение ему придают?
Authors: Петрова Евгения Викторовна
Published: May 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования отношения молодых людей в возрасте от 16 до 20 лет к интернету. Автор отмечает, что молодежь оказалась в ситуации, когда пройдены этапы расширения доступа, а интернет постепенно становится частью все большего числа социальных процессов, и анализирует ситуации использования интернета и разные варианты отношения к нему среди молодежи.
Работа опирается на 34 глубинных полуструктурированных интервью, собранных в Гжельском сельском поселении в 2019 г. и в Москве в 2021—2023 гг. Материал структурирован с опорой на три метафоры, предложенные Аннет Маркхэм: интернет как инструмент, интернет как пространство и интернет как образ жизни. Использование метафор помогает сделать видимым значение интернета, которое ему придают пользователи. Метафоры инструмента и пространства появились в результате сравнения интернета с тем, что имеет реальное физическое воплощение. Метафора образа жизни фиксирует такое отношение к интернету, при котором интернет не выделяется в отдельную сферу. Автор приходит к выводу, что пользователи только частично используют возможности интернета, а его значение молодые люди определяют в контексте решения проблем, которые им кажутся наиболее важными и актуальными.
Благодарность. Часть материала статьи собрана в рамках проекта «Трансформация медиасреды и практик медиапотребления и медиаиспользования в сельской местности России (кейс сельской агломерации Гжель Московской области)» (2019), поддержанного Программой Фонда образовательных инноваций в рамках проекта «Открываем Россию заново». В 2022 г. мы начали новый исследовательский проект «Цифровизация чтения в контексте актуальных исследований и образовательных практик», поддержанный Институтом медиа Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Этот проект помог собрать эмпирическую базу статьи и способствовал развитию теоретической части исследования.
Расовое профилирование цыган: операция «Табор» как непреднамеренный результат политизации безнадзорности и секьюритизирующая практика
Authors: Григорьева Ксения Сергеевна
Published: May 2024

В статье сделана попытка выйти за границы традиционных подходов к изучению расового профилирования, поместив его в контекст исследований секьюритизации. Для преодоления существующих в рамках этого научного направления противоречий используется подход, предложенный Пьером Бурдьё, согласно которому перформатив (ключевое понятие в теории секьюритизации) рассматривается как проявление символической власти.
На примере тематического исследования расового профилирования цыган, эмпирической базой которого послужило более 3000 документов, содержащих официальные распоряжения и отчеты о проведении антицыганских облав, а также призывы к населению о проявлении бдительности в отношении цыган, показано, что этнически избирательные полицейские мероприятия можно анализировать как комплекс секьюритизирующих практик, порождающих производные секьюритизирующие дискурсы. Проведенный анализ позволил установить, что всероссийские антицыганские облавы стали непреднамеренным последствием шагов по секьюритизации беспризорности и безнадзорности, предпринятых крупными политическими игроками на рубеже 2001/2002 гг.
Распространение и институциализация антицыганских мероприятий оказались возможны из-за благосклонной или нейтральной реакции большинства аудиторий, наблюдавших за разворачивавшимися секьюритизирующими практиками. Рутинизация антицыганских облав привела к тому, что в настоящее время они воспринимаются как нечто обыденное и непроблематизируемое, хотя данная практика очевидно является разновидностью этнической дискриминации и выходит за рамки нормальной политики. При этом участники антицыганских мероприятий, интериоризировав восприятие цыган как источника угрозы и узаконенного подозрения, нерефлексивно тиражируют секьюритизирующие дискурсы, маркирующие цыганское население в качестве опасной и неблагонадежной группы, при встрече с которой гражданам иной этнической принадлежности следует соблюдать меры предосторожности или обращаться в полицию.
Патриотический дискурс в Рунете: до и после 24 февраля 2022 г.
Authors: Анкудинов Иван Андреевич
Published: May 2024

Зафиксированный после 24 февраля 2022 г. патриотический подъем нашел своеобразное отражение в русскоязычном сегменте интернета. Хотя социологи почти единодушны в том, что социальное самочувствие граждан и их отношение к властям улучшились, цифровые следы этих изменений не так заметны: невооруженным взглядом видна только усилившаяся поляризация по линии «за — против». В работе измеряется непосредственный (краткосрочный) эффект, который начало СВО оказало на настроения российских интернет-пользователей. Основываясь на анализе тональности свыше 300 тыс. публикаций в социальных сетях, автор показывает, что онлайн-среда почти не восприняла тот консенсус, который, по всей видимости, сложился в офлайн-пространстве. Результаты оценки регрессионных моделей и тематического моделирования показывают незначительный, но статистически значимый рост «негатива» в интернет-публикациях на связанные с патриотизмом темы после начала СВО. При этом вторым переломным моментом с точки зрения тональности публикаций на тему патриотизма стало принятие закона о дискредитации армии 4 марта 2022 г. — в этой точке происходит небольшое частичное восстановление. Кроме того, проведенный анализ показывает, что использование отечественных социальных сетей устойчиво связано с более позитивной тональностью рассмотренных сообщений по сравнению с зарубежными. Автор предполагает, что причина наблюдаемого противоречия заключается в специфике аудитории Рунета, более склонной к политическому активизму и демонстрации своих взглядов по сравнению с населением страны в целом.
Благодарность. Автор выражает искреннюю благодарность Д.В. Сальниковой за правки и помощь в разработке дизайна исследования.
Человек как субъект полимотивации. Рец. на кн.: Человеческий потенциал: современные трактовки и результаты исследований / Под науч. ред. Л. Н. Овчаровой, В. А. Аникина, П. С. Сорокина. М.: ВЦИОМ, 2023
Authors: Асмолов Александр Григорьевич
Published: May 2024

Статья представляет собой рецензию на коллективную монографию «Человеческий потенциал: современные трактовки и результаты исследований», вышедшую в издательстве ВЦИОМ в 2023 г. Актуальность рецензируемой коллективной монографии обосновывается, во-первых, дефицитом качественных теоретических трудов, посвященных человеческому потенциалу. Во-вторых, практической необходимостью преодоления кризисных тенденций последних лет, поиска новых подходов в экономической, социальной и культурной сферах, позволяющих обеспечить более насыщенную, продуктивную и осмысленную жизнь. Содержательно рецензия разделена на две части. В первой разбираются важнейшие идеи, продвигаемые авторами монографии, такие как необходимость сдвига от парадигмы человеческого капитала к парадигме человеческого потенциала; развитие человекоцентричности; анализ не только «статического», но и «динамического» аспекта человеческого потенциала; важность индивидуальной агентности и самостоятельности в реализации возможностей человека. Во второй части рецензии кратко излагается сущность каждой из глав, подчеркивается ценность междисциплинарного подхода, реализованного авторским коллективом.
Microwave-assisted extraction of Tiliacora triandra leaves for functional ice cream production
Authors: Boonman Narumon , Wanna Chanate , Chutrtong Jaruwan , Wongwiwat Piyada , Chunchob Supatra , Phakpaknam Sirirat
Published: May 2024

Ice cream is widely enjoyed by consumers of all ages, but its high sugar and fat content may have adverse effects on health. This research aims to develop a functional form of ice cream by incorporating Tiliacora triandra leaves, which are rich in antioxidants. The substances from the leaves were extracted using high-power microwaves at 600 W for 30 sec, repeated three times. These extracts were then incorporated into the ice cream recipe, which utilized skim milk powder instead of fresh milk and stevia syrup instead of sugar. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, while the total phenolic compounds were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The findings indicated that ice cream supplemented with the extract at a 20% leaf ratio (T20) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS, with values of 54.30 ± 1.42% and 73.83 ± 1.90%, respectively. Additionally, the highest total phenolic compounds content was observed at 3.48 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g sample. The addition of T. triandra leaf extract resulted in a significantly darker green color and a firmer texture. However, the ice cream’s ability to resist melting showed slight change. Sensory assessment revealed that ice cream enhanced with 5% (T5) and 10% leaf ratios (T10) of the extract received higher scores for taste, color, odor, and overall acceptance compared to T20, and showed no difference from the control (T0). These finding suggest that T10 could serve as a viable alternative for health-conscious consumers seeking functional ice cream options.