bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high resolution, multi-scale, context-aware approach for detection of small cancers on mammography
Authors: Rangarajan Krithika , Gupta Aman , Dasgupta Saptarshi , Marri Uday , Gupta Arun Kumar , Hari Smriti , Banerjee Subhashis , Arora Chetan
Published: July 2022

While detection of malignancies on mammography has received a boost with the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), detection of cancers of very small size remains challenging. This is however clinically significant as the purpose of mammography is early detection of cancer, making it imperative to pick them up when they are still very small. Mammography has the highest spatial resolution (image sizes as high as 3328 × 4096 pixels) out of all imaging modalities, a requirement that stems from the need to detect fine features of the smallest cancers on screening. However due to computational constraints, most state of the art CNNs work on reduced resolution images. Those that work on higher resolutions, compromise on global context and work at single scale. In this work, we show that resolution, scale and image-context are all important independent factors in detection of small masses. We thereby use a fully convolutional network, with the ability to take any input size. In addition, we incorporate a systematic multi-scale, multi-resolution approach, and encode image context, which we show are critical factors to detection of small masses. We show that this approach improves the detection of cancer, particularly for small masses in comparison to the baseline model. We perform a single institution multicentre study, and show the performance of the model on a diagnostic mammography dataset, a screening mammography dataset, as well as a curated dataset of small cancers < 1 cm in size. We show that our approach improves the sensitivity from 61.53 to 87.18% at 0.3 False Positives per Image (FPI) on this small cancer dataset. Model and code are available from https://github.com/amangupt01/Small_Cancer_Detection
Interconnectedness between periodontitis stage, oral hygiene habits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and nutritional status in Dalmatian kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Radić Josipa , Vučković Marijana , Gelemanović Andrea , Roguljić Marija , Orešković Josip , Kovačević Katja , Kolak Ela , Nenadić Dora Bučan , Radić Mislav
Published: July 2022

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), nutritional status parameters, muscle strength, and periodontal status in Dalmatian kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). 89 KTRs were included in this analysis, 40 (45%) women, with a mean age of 61 years (IQR = 13) and a mean time since kidney transplantation of 5 years (IQR = 6.6). An OHIP-14 questionnaire and questionnaire-based periodontal history were obtained from all participants, a comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Body composition data, anthropometric and clinical parameters were collected for each study participant. The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) was used to assess MeDi adherence, and handgrip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. Our results showed low adherence to MeDi in KTRs (28%) and almost 50% of KTRs suffer from severe forms of periodontitis. We also found a low OHIP-14 score and poor oral hygiene habits. KTRs with a less severe form of periodontitis had higher muscle mass and handgrip strength. MDSS score was associated with a higher number of teeth, and everyday cereal intake was inversely associated with the periodontitis stage. Our results demonstrate the associations between nutritional status, muscle strength, dietary habits, and periodontal health in Dalmatian KTRs.
A comparison of explainable artificial intelligence methods in the phase classification of multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Lee Kyungtae , Ayyasamy Mukil V. , Ji Yangfeng , Balachandran Prasanna V.
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the capabilities of two model-agnostic local post-hoc model interpretability methods, namely breakDown (BD) and shapley (SHAP), to explain the predictions of a black-box classification learning model that establishes a quantitative relationship between chemical composition and multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) phase formation. We trained an ensemble of support vector machines using a dataset with 1,821 instances, 12 features with low pair-wise correlation, and seven phase labels. Feature contributions to the model prediction are computed by BD and SHAP for each composition. The resulting BD and SHAP transformed data are then used as inputs to identify similar composition groups using k-means clustering. Explanation-of-clusters by features reveal that the results from SHAP agree more closely with the literature. Visualization of compositions within a cluster using Ceteris-Paribus (CP) profile plots show the functional dependencies between the feature values and predicted response. Despite the differences between BD and SHAP in variable attribution, only minor changes were observed in the CP profile plots. Explanation-of-clusters by examples show that the clusters that share a common phase label contain similar compositions, which clarifies the similar-looking CP profile trends. Two plausible reasons are identified to describe this observation: (1) In the limits of a dataset with independent and non-interacting features, BD and SHAP show promise in recognizing MPEA composition clusters with similar phase labels. (2) There is more than one explanation for the MPEA phase formation rules with respect to the set of features considered in this work.
Identification of the major photodegradant in metronidazole by LC-PDA-MS and its reveal in compendial methods
Authors: Chen Mei-Ling , Xu Hong-Xia , Yuan Wei-Feng , Zhao Sui-Hong , Li Xue , Zhu Lan-Xin , Shen Zong-Yong , Liu Yu-Jing , Wang Ming-Juan , Ma Ang , Hoogmartens Jos , Adams Erwin
Published: July 2022

Metronidazole in aqueous solution is sensitive to light and UV irradiation, leading to the formation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxamide. This is revealed here by liquid chromatography with tandem photo diode array detection and mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-MS) and further verified by comparison with the corresponding reference substance and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). However, in current compendial tests for related substances/organic impurities of metronidazole, the above photolytic degradant could not be detected. Thus, when photodegradation of metronidazole occurs, it could not be demonstrated. In our study, an improved LC method was developed and validated, which includes a detection at a wavelength of 230 nm and optimization of mobile phase composition thereby a better separation was obtained.
Coverage optimization of soil moisture wireless sensor networks based on adaptive Cauchy variant butterfly optimization algorithm
Authors: Liang Jinyan , Tian Min , Liu Yang , Zhou Jie
Published: July 2022

Soil moisture wireless sensor networks (SMWSNs) are used in the field of information monitoring for precision farm irrigation, which monitors the soil moisture content and changes during crop growth and development through sensor nodes at the end. The control terminal adjusts the irrigation water volume according to the transmitted information, which is significant for increasing the crop yield. One of the main challenges of SMWSNs in practical applications is to maximize the coverage area under certain conditions of monitoring area and to minimize the number of nodes used. Therefore, a new adaptive Cauchy variant butterfly optimization algorithm (ACBOA) has been designed to effectively improve the network coverage. More importantly, new Cauchy variants and adaptive factors for improving the global and local search ability of ACBOA, respectively, are designed. In addition, a new coverage optimization model for SMWSNs that integrates node coverage and network quality of service is developed. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm is compared with other swarm intelligence algorithms, namely, butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), under the conditions of a certain initial population size and number of iterations for the fairness and objectivity of simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the coverage rate of SMWSNs after ACBOA optimization increases by 9.09%, 13.78%, 2.57%, and 11.11% over BOA, ABC, FOA, and PSO optimization, respectively.
Long COVID and symptom trajectory in a representative sample of Americans in the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Wu Qiao , Ailshire Jennifer A. , Crimmins Eileen M.
Published: July 2022

People who have COVID-19 can experience symptoms for months. Studies on long COVID in the population lack representative samples and longitudinal data focusing on new-onset symptoms occurring with COVID while accounting for pre-infection symptoms. We use a sample representing the U.S. community population from the Understanding America Study COVID-19 Survey, which surveyed around 8000 respondents bi-weekly from March 2020 to March 2021. Our final sample includes 308 infected individuals who were interviewed one month before, around the time of, and 12 weeks after infection. About 23% of the sample experienced new-onset symptoms during infection which lasted for more than 12 weeks, and thus can be considered as having long COVID. The most common new-onset persistent symptoms among those included in the study were headache (22%), runny or stuffy nose (19%), abdominal discomfort (18%), fatigue (17%), and diarrhea (13%). Long COVID was more likely among obese individuals (OR = 5.44, 95% CI 2.12–13.96) and those who experienced hair loss (OR = 6.94, 95% CI 1.03–46.92), headache (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.18–9.60), and sore throat (OR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.21–10.46) during infection. There was a lack of evidence relating risk to age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, current smoking status, or comorbid chronic conditions. This work provides national estimates of long COVID in a representative sample after accounting for pre-infection symptoms.
A numerical approach to determine the optimal condition of the gas anti-solvent supercritical process for nanoparticles production
Authors: Saadati Ardestani Nedasadat , Amani Mitra
Published: July 2022

Supercritical gas antisolvent (GAS) process is an efficient method for nanoparticles production, in which accurate selection of operational condition is essential. Thermodynamic models can be applied for evaluation the phase equilibrium behavior and determination the required precipitation pressure of GAS process. In this research, thermodynamic behavior of (CO2—dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) binary system and both of (CO2–DMSO-anthraquinone Violet 3RN (AV3RN)) and (CO2–DMSO-solvent Yellow 33 (SY33)) ternary systems in the GAS process were studied at different temperatures (308, 318, 328 and 338) K and pressures (1.0–14.0) MPa, using Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS). The minimum precipitation pressure of AV3RN and SY33 at 308, 318, 328 and 338 K were 7.80, 8.57, 9.78 and 11 MPa and 8, 8.63, 9.5 and 10.77 MPa, respectively. Also, the mole fraction of substances in liquid phase of ternary systems were determined by PR-EoS, at 328 K versus pressure. The accuracy of the obtained results were investigated using the experimental data reported in the literatures.
Functional characterization of dopamine and norepinephrine transport across the apical and basal plasma membranes of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast
Authors: Horackova Hana , Karahoda Rona , Vachalova Veronika , Turkova Helena , Abad Cilia , Staud Frantisek
Published: July 2022

The human placenta represents a unique non-neuronal site of monoamine transporter expression, with pathophysiological relevance during the prenatal period. Monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) are crucial neuromodulators for proper placenta functions and fetal development, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and neuronal migration. Accumulating evidence suggests that even a transient disruption of monoamine balance during gestation may lead to permanent changes in the fetal brain structures and functions, projecting into adulthood. Nonetheless, little is known about the transfer of dopamine and norepinephrine across the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Employing the method of isolated membranes from the human term placenta, here we delineate the transport mechanisms involved in dopamine and norepinephrine passage across the apical microvillous (MVM) and basal membranes. We show that the placental uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine across the mother-facing MVM is mediated via the high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT/SLC6A4) and norepinephrine (NET/SLC6A2) transporters. In the fetus-facing basal membrane, however, the placental uptake of both monoamines is controlled by the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3). Our findings thus provide insights into physiological aspects of dopamine and norepinephrine transport across both the maternal and fetal sides of the placenta. As monoamine transporters represent targets for several neuroactive drugs such as antidepressants, our findings are pharmacologically relevant to ensure the safety of drug use during pregnancy.
Early and late onset sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity in a cohort of preterm infants
Authors: Bonafiglia Elena , Gusson Elena , Longo Rosa , Ficial Benjamim , Tisato Maria Giulia , Rossignoli Sara , Caltran Giulia , Pedrotti Emilio , Beghini Renzo , Marchini Giorgio
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the impact of antenatal and postnatal infection or inflammation on the onset and progression of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). We retrospectively collected clinical and demographic data of preterm infants with birth weight ≤ 1500 g or gestational age < 30 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Verona from 2015 to 2019. Uni- and multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the potential effect of selected variables on the occurrence of any stage ROP and its progression to severe ROP, defined as ROP requiring treatment. Two hundred and eighty neonates were enrolled and 60 of them developed ROP (21.4%). Oxygen need for 28 days and late-onset sepsis (LOS) increased the risk of any grade ROP after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age (OR 6.35, 95% CI 2.14–18.85 and OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.04–5.94, respectively). Days of mechanical ventilation and of non-invasive ventilation increased the risk of progression to severe ROP after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age (OR 1.08, CI 1.02–1.14 and OR 1.06, CI 1.01–1.11, respectively). Exposure to infection with production of inflammatory mediators may contribute to increase the risk of ROP occurrence in very preterm neonates.
Conjugates of urolithin A with NSAIDs, their stability, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory potential
Authors: Korczak Maciej , Roszkowski Piotr , Granica Sebastian , Piwowarski Jakub P.
Published: July 2022

Urolithin A (UA, 1), a gut microbiota postbiotic metabolite is attributed to express interesting biological activities indicated by in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Due to its strong anti-inflammatory properties it is considered as a promising lead molecule for further drug development, however, its strong phase II metabolism, severely limits its oral application. Therefore, monoesterified UA derivatives with selected NSAIDs: ibuprofen (Mix 3a/3b), mefenamic acid (Mix 4a/4b), diclofenac (Mix 5a/5b) and aspirin (Mix 6a/6b) were designed. Performed array of stability assays indicated Mix 4a/4b as a most suitable candidate for further studies due to its exceptional stability in human plasma. Thus, we evaluated effects of Mix 4a/4b on cell viability as well as the impact on cytokines secretion in THP-1 derived macrophages and compared it to UA. At high concentration (50 µM) Mix 4a/4b expressed a cytotoxic effect, however at concentration of 5 µM it significantly suppressed TNF-α secretion, and significantly increased ani-inflammatory IL-10 secretion at 10 µM without affecting cell viability. This work has led to selection of a novel UA derivatives, which are stable in solutions and in human plasma as well as posess anti-inflammatory activity towards THP-1 macrophages at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
Latent class trajectories of biochemical parameters and their relationship with risk of mortality in ICU among acute organophosphorus poisoning patients
Authors: Farooqui Waqas Ahmed , Uddin Mudassir , Qadeer Rashid , Shafique Kashif
Published: July 2022

Acute poisoning is a global public health challenge. Several factors played role in high mortality among acute organophosphorus poisoning (OP) poisoning patients including clinical, vitals, and biochemical properties. The traditional analysis techniques use baseline measurements whereas latent profile analysis is a person-centered approach using repeated measurements. To determine varying biochemical parameters and their relationship with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality among acute organophosphorus poisoning patients through a latent class trajectory analysis. The study design was a retrospective cohort and we enrolled data of 299 patients admitted between Aug’10 to Sep’16 to ICU of Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil Hospital, Karachi. The dependent variable was ICU-mortality among OP poisoning patients accounting for ICU stay, elapsed time since poison ingestion, age, gender, and biochemical parameters (including electrolytes (potassium, chloride, sodium), creatinine, urea, and random blood sugar). Longitudinal latent profile analysis is used to form the trajectories of parameters. In determining and comparing the risk of ICU-mortality we used Cox-Proportional-Hazards models, repeated measures and trajectories were used as independent variables. The patients’ mean age was 25.4 ± 9.7 years and ICU-mortality was (13.7%, n = 41). In trajectory analysis, patients with trajectories (normal-increasing and high-declining creatinine, high-remitting sodium, normal-increasing, and high-remitting urea) observed the highest ICU-mortality i.e. 75% (6/8), 67% (2/3), 80% (4/5), 75% (6/8), and 67% (2/3) respectively compared with other trajectories. On multivariable analysis, compared with patients who had normal consistent creatinine levels, patients in normal-increasing creatinine class were 15 times [HR:15.2, 95% CI 4.2–54.6], and the high-declining class was 16-times [HR 15.7, 95% CI 3.4–71.6], more likely to die. Patients in with high-remitting sodium, the trajectory was six-times [HR 5.6, 95% CI 2.0–15.8], normal-increasing urea trajectory was four times [HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.5], and in extremely high-remitting urea trajectory was 15-times [HR 15.4, 95% CI 3.4–69.7], more likely to die compared with those who were in normal-consistent trajectories of sodium and urea respectively. Among OP poisoning patients an increased risk of ICU-mortality were significantly associated with biochemical parameters (sodium, urea, creatinine levels) using latent profile technique.
Engineering nonlinear optical phenomena by arbitrarily manipulating the phase relationships among the relevant optical fields
Authors: Liu Weiyong , Ohae Chiaki , Zheng Jian , Tahara Soma , Suzuki Masaru , Minoshima Kaoru , Ogawa Hisashi , Takano Tetsushi , Katsuragawa Masayuki
Published: July 2022

Nonlinear optical processes are intrinsically dominated by the phase relationships among the relevant electromagnetic fields, including the phase of nonlinear polarization produced in them. If one can arbitrarily manipulate these phase relationships at a variety of desired interaction lengths, direct and highly designable manipulations for the nonlinear optical phenomenon could be achieved. Here, we report a proof-of-principle experiment in which a high-order Raman-resonant four-wave-mixing process is used as a representative nonlinear optical process and is tailored to a variety of targets by implementing such arbitrary manipulations of the phase relationships in the nonlinear optical process. We show that the output energy is accumulated to a specific, intentionally selected Raman mode on demand; and at the opposite extreme, we can also distribute the output energy equally over broad high-order Raman modes in the form of a frequency comb. This concept in nonlinear optical processes enables an attractive optical technology: a single-frequency tunable laser broadly covering the vacuum ultraviolet region, which will pave the way to frontiers in atomic-molecular-optical physics in the vacuum ultraviolet region.
A corticostriatal pathway mediating self-efficacy enhancement
Authors: Shany Ofir , Gurevitch Guy , Gilam Gadi , Dunsky Netta , Reznik Balter Shira , Greental Ayam , Nutkevitch Noa , Eldar Eran , Hendler Talma
Published: July 2022

Forming positive beliefs about one’s ability to perform challenging tasks, often termed self-efficacy, is fundamental to motivation and emotional well-being. Self-efficacy crucially depends on positive social feedback, yet people differ in the degree to which they integrate such feedback into self-beliefs (i.e., positive bias). While diminished positive bias of this sort is linked to mood and anxiety, the neural processes by which positive feedback on public performance enhances self-efficacy remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a behavioral and fMRI study wherein participants delivered a public speech and received fictitious positive and neutral feedback on their performance in the MRI scanner. Before and after receiving feedback, participants evaluated their actual and expected performance. We found that reduced positive bias in updating self-efficacy based on positive social feedback associated with a psychopathological dimension reflecting symptoms of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Analysis of brain encoding of social feedback showed that a positive self-efficacy update bias associated with a stronger reward-related response in the ventral striatum (VS) and stronger coupling of the VS with a temporoparietal region involved in self-processing. Together, our findings demarcate a corticostriatal circuit that promotes positive bias in self-efficacy updating based on social feedback, and highlight the centrality of such bias to emotional well-being.
Responsive Layer-by-layer Films
Authors: Hujaya Sry D. , Wohl Benjamin M. , Engbersen Johan F. J. , Paulusse Jos M. J.
Published: July 2022

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is the process of building functional multilayered thin films. Owing to its highly modular and versatile nature, it has been used to coat a wide variety of different surfaces, including inorganic substrates, membranes, implants, nanoparticles and even living cells. It provides ways to induce responsiveness through both the chemically engineered macromolecular components, and the way the multilayers are built up. For example, assembly degradability can be adjusted by using degradable polymers or crosslinkers, while physical properties can be altered through the use of additives, or by the assembly method. This chapter is dedicated to LbL fabrication-specific responsiveness, and to recent developments in multilayers composed of specifically tailored polymers. It further focuses on chemically and biologically responsive LbL systems, with main applications in the biomedical field. The introduction covers general aspects of LbL assembly and physicochemical aspects of the assemblies. The second part describes physicochemical aspects in more detail with examples on how variation in deposition conditions, e.g. pH and ionic strength, as well as specific additives, induce responsiveness to the resulting multilayers. It also highlights several reports on compartmentalized multilayered coating fabrication for tunable disassembly or release of incorporated materials. The third part describes multilayers fabricated with chemically tailored biomaterials for different chemical and biological responsiveness. More specifically, multilayer disassembly can be triggered by the inherent responsiveness of one of the multilayer components, through incorporation of labile bonds that respond to specific external triggers, or through disruption of the interlayer interaction between two or more multilayer components.
Chemoresponsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Colilla Montserrat , Vallet-Regí María
Published: July 2022

This chapter reviews the advances developed to date regarding mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) as chemoresponsive release systems in targeted cancer therapy. Since MSNPs entered the controlled drug delivery arena in 2001, they have widely been projected as multifunctional nanocarriers for the treatment of complex pathologies, especially cancer. The first challenge to face is providing MSNPs with selective targeting capability, so they can reach, penetrate into and accumulate in the whole tumoral mass and, once there, be specifically internalized by diseased cells. Hence, Section 13.2 of this chapter has been fully updated, including new sections to show the different strategies aimed at (i) promoting passive targeting and providing the nanosystems with “stealth” properties, (ii) incorporating active targeting ligands and (iii) increasing tumour penetration. Section 13.3 describes the different approaches to face the second challenge, i.e. providing MSNPs with chemoresponsive properties, in such a way that the therapeutic cargo(es) can be released upon exposure to endogenous stimuli, namely, pH, enzymes, small molecules or reductive species, either alone or in combination with the so-called multi-responsive nanosystems. To make this section easier to read and understand, for a given stimulus as release trigger, the authors have classified the nanosystems according to the constituent elements. Finally, after 20 years of this exciting scientific journey, the authors envision the future prospects for the transition from bench to bedside.
Competitive and sequence reactions of typical hydrocarbon molecules in diesel fraction hydrocracking – a theoretical study by DFT calculations
Authors: Wang Ji-Feng , Ding Si-Jia , Peng Shao-Zhong , Yang Zhan-Lin , Du Yan-Ze
Published: July 2022

The molecular structures of hydrocarbon molecules determine the competitive and sequence reactions in the diesel hydrocracking process.
Molecular-scale determination of facet- and adsorbent-dependent phosphate adsorption by metal-based adsorbents
Authors: Ge Xinfei , Wang Lijun , Zhang Wenjun
Published: July 2022

This study reveals that the higher the binding free energy of the phosphate (P) group to metal-based adsorbents, the stronger the facet- and adsorbent-dependent adsorption of P.
Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in freshwater aquaculture wastewater by a CNBN membrane: mechanism, antibacterial activity, and cyclability
Authors: Xiao Zhenjun , Zheng Yixun , Chen Ping , Liu Haijin , Fang Zheng , Zhang Junlong , Lin Zifeng , Zhang Yudan , Luo Jin , Zhang Weihong , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: July 2022

This research provides a feasible strategy for the development and application of a novel nanosized photocatalyst and an innovative approach for the treatment of freshwater aquaculture wastewater.
Structure design and wireless transmission application of hybrid nanogenerators for swinging mechanical energy and solar energy harvesting
Authors: Shi Huijie , Lu Haowei , Liu Xu , Wang Xiaobing , Wu Yonghui , Zheng Haiwu
Published: July 2022

A wireless power transmission system based on a novel hybrid nanogenerator has been presented, which can realize simultaneous collection and wireless power transmission of swinging mechanical energy and solar energy through a simple circuit design.
Density functional theory analysis for H2S adsorption on pyridinic N- and oxidized N-doped graphenes
Authors: Fujisaki Takaya , Ikeda Kei , Staykov Aleksandar Tsekov , Setiawan Hendrik , Shiratori Yusuke
Published: July 2022

We focus on graphene-based structures as promising adsorbents for H2S. DFT showed that the nitrogen-terminated structure (pyridinic N) showed better adsorption than the oxygen-terminated structure (oxidized N).
In situ synthesis of TiO2/NC on cotton fibers with antibacterial properties and recyclable photocatalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Xiaolin , Zhang Danyin , Lu Fangfang , Wang Hairong , Tan Jiacheng , Xu Qiao , Liu Yongkun , Cao Zhihai , Su Xiuping
Published: July 2022

A cotton fabric/titanium dioxide-nanocellulose (TiO2-Cot.) flexible and recyclable composite material with highly photocatalytic degradation of dyes and antibacterial properties was synthesized.
Optimization of thermal field of 150 mm SiC crystal growth by PVT method
Authors: Zhang Shengtao , Fan Guofeng , Li Tie , Zhao Lili
Published: July 2022

The effects of thermal insulation adjustment, application of seed crystals with different diameters, and shelter structure on crystal growth process were studied, and 6-inch SiC crystal with single polytype, high quality was successfully prepared.
Synthesis of pyrazolo[5′,1′:2,3]imidazo[1,5-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones and molecular docking study of their affinity against the COVID-19 main protease
Authors: Saeedi Shaghayegh , Rahmati Abbas , Chavoshpour-Natanzi Zahra
Published: July 2022

A novel series of fused pyrazolo[5′,1′:2,3]imidazo[1,5-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones were synthesized and their affinity against the COVID-19 main protease was investigated using molecular docking study and compared to that of some used clinical drugs.
Nanoparticles and single atoms of cobalt synergistically enabled low-temperature reductive amination of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Zheng Bingxiao , Xu Jiao , Song Jinliang , Wu Haihong , Mei Xuelei , Zhang Kaili , Han Wanying , Wu Wei , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

An earth-abundant Co-based catalyst, Co@C–N(800), could efficiently catalyze the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds into primary amines at 35 °C owing to the synergistic effect of Co nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Co–Nx sites.
Understanding the factors governing the water oxidation reaction pathway of mononuclear and binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine catalysts
Authors: Huang Qing'e , Chen Jun , Luan Peng , Ding Chunmei , Li Can
Published: July 2022

bi-CoPc can stabilize accumulated oxidative charges in phthalocyanine ring, which leads to the OER proceeding through a nucleophilic attack of OH- on the phthalocyanine cation-radical species that is formed from the oxidation of phthalocyanine ring.
Permanent cavities in ionic liquids created by metal–organic polyhedra
Authors: Dinker Manish Kumar , Zhao Kan , Liu Song , Qi Shi-Chao , Li Yu-Xia , Liu Gong-Ping , Ding Lifeng , Liu Xiao-Qin , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: July 2022

A new porous liquid system based on the coalition of MOPs and bulky IL was designed. The liquid materials exhibit permanent cavities, long-term durability, and good ability to separate CO2 from N2 and CH4 not only as an entity but also as a membrane.
Realizing fast polysulfides conversion within yolk-shelled NiO@HCSs nanoreactor as cathode host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Yujie , Li Dong , Pan Junda , Sun Yajie , Huang Wenzhi , Wu Ming , Zhang Bingkai , Pan Feng , Shi Kaixiang , Liu Quanbing
Published: July 2022

A rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has been considered a promising candidate due to its superior theoretical capacity and energy density.
Boosting the photodynamic therapy of near-infrared AIE-active photosensitizers by precise manipulation of the molecular structure and aggregate-state packing
Authors: Ding Guanyu , Tong Jialin , Duan Yingchen , Wang Shuang , Su Zhongmin , Shao Kuizhan , Zhang Lingyu , Zhu Daoming , Wen Li-Li , Li Yuanyuan , Shan Guo-Gang
Published: July 2022

A simple molecular engineering strategy to boost photodynamic therapy performanceviacontrolling the molecular structure and solid-packing is demonstrated.
2D semiconductor SnP2S6 as a new dielectric material for 2D electronics
Authors: Hu Jiayi , Zheng Anqi , Pan Er , Chen Jiangang , Bian Renji , Li Jinyao , Liu Qing , Cao Guiming , Meng Peng , Jian Xian , Molnar Alexander , Vysochanskii Yulian , Liu Fucai
Published: July 2022

2D metal thiophosphate SnP2S6 was discovered as a new dielectric layer with a high dielectric constant (≈23), realizing a low subthreshold slope down to 69.4 mV dec−1 in the field effect transistor device geometry.
Design strategies and applications of novel functionalized phenazine derivatives: a review
Authors: Che Yu-Xin , Qi Xiao-Ni , Lin Qi , Yao Hong , Qu Wen-Juan , Shi Bingbing , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: July 2022

This review comprehensively summarized and discussed the recent achievements towards innovative strategies, excellent properties and promising application to create functional materials based on phenazine derivatives in optical sensing and electrochemistry.
Compensatory Articulation Errors in Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and Palatal Anomalies
Authors: Nachmani Ariela , Biadsee Ameen , Masalha Muhamed , Kassem Firas
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and types of compensatory articulations (CAs) in nonsyndromic patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and various palatal anomalies and to determine the relationship between the frequency of CAs, type of palatal anomaly, and phonological errors.

Method:

A total of 783 nonsyndromic, Hebrew-speaking patients with VPD and various palatal anomalies (cleft lip and palate [CLP], cleft palate [CP], submucous CP [SMCP], occult submucous CP [OSMCP], or non-CP) were studied retrospectively. Perceptual VPD tests, including articulation and phonological assessment, were conducted. CAs were described as below the level of the defect in the vocal tract (abnormal backing of oral targets to post-uvular place) or in front of it within the oral cavity (palatalization) and at the velopharyngeal port.

Results:

Among 783 patients, 213 (27.2%) had CAs. Most CAs (18.4%) occurred below the level of the defect, followed by CAs at the velopharyngeal port (12.0%) or in front of it (4.9%). No differences were found in the frequency of CAs between patients with CP (47.8%) or CLP (52.6%) and between those with non-CP (13.6%) or OSMCP (14.7%). SMCP patients had lower frequency of CAs (29.8%) than CP (p = .003) and CLP (p =  .002) patients but higher frequency than OSMCP (p = .002) and non-CP (p =  .002) patients did. Among the 783 patients, 247 (31.5%) had phonological errors. A higher frequency of phonological errors was found in patients with CAs (55.4%) compared to those without (22.6%) and in all palatal anomaly groups except CLP (31.4% vs. 23.9%).

Conclusions:

CAs in nonsyndromic patients with VPD remained relatively high in all age groups, up to adulthood. CAs are influenced by inadequate velar length following palatal repair, as well as by oral structural abnormalities, whereas poor muscle function due to OSMCP and/or abnormal size and/or shape of nasopharynx has less influence. Errors produced in front of the velopharyngeal port are influenced by the structural anomaly of CLP. This information may contribute to general phonetic and phonological theories and genetic investigations about CP anomalies.
A single‐source nine‐level inverter with quadratic boost ability for renewable energy applications
Authors: Tayyab Mohammad , Sarwar Adil , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Al‐Durra Ahmed , Siddiqui Khadim Moin
Published: July 2022

A nine‐level inverter with quadratic boost ability is proposed in this paper. The presented topology produces quadruple boosted output voltage by utilizing 10 switches, one diode, two capacitors, and a single dc source. In the proposed topology a back‐end H‐bridge is not required to produce negative voltage levels, which in turn reduces the voltage stress across the switches to the maximum of twice the input voltage. The two switched capacitors (SC) are charged to the dc source voltage rating and twice the voltage rating of the dc source, respectively, to produce quadruple voltage boosting. The high‐voltage boosting capability makes it suitable for the integration of renewable energy sources to the grid. Nearest level control (NLC)‐based modulation technique is applied to produce gate driver signals for the inverter circuit. The proposed topology is compared with the recently published topologies in terms of used components such as switches, diodes, sources, and capacitors are made so as to show the advantages of the presented reduced component count topology. Finally, simulation and hardware results are obtained under certain loading conditions to validate the operability of the proposed topology. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed topology at the unity modulation index is 8.2%.
Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welding of AA6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy
Authors: Arya Pradyumn Kumar , Sathiaraj Dan , Jain Neelesh Kumar , Jayaprakash Murugesan , Saxena Kuldeep K.
Published: July 2022

The present investigation emphasizes studying the impact of the rotational tool speed and traverse speed on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of Al alloy AA6061 to Mg alloy AZ31B friction-stir welds. Results indicated that the use of the 1000 rpm rotation speed of the tool and 40 mm/min traverse speed led to increased weld strength and corrosion resistance. Owing to more heat generation, the surface of every friction stirs welded joint became rougher, and a keyhole can be observed. A maximum temperature of 311°C was observed for 1000 rpm of rotation speed and 40 mm/min of traverse speed, and a minimum temperature of 191°C was observed for 600 rpm of rotation speed and 80 mm/min of traverse speed. A minor tunnel defect can be partially observed at traverse speeds of 60 mm/min; the size of the tunnel defect becomes more prominent as the traverse speed rises to 80 mm/min. The joint with little or no defects was extracted at any rotational tool speed and a low traverse speed of 40 mm/min. The maximum value of UTS of 121 MPa was observed due to the better mechanical interlocking phenomena. It is approximately 41% of UTS of Al alloy AA6061 and 50% of UTS of Mg alloy AZ31B. Frictional heat, heavy plastic distortion, and grain refinement in the nugget zone are the reasons for the higher hardness value found mostly in weld nuggets. The FSW specimens indicate a primarily brittle type of failure, and a fracture of the cleavage type was seen with an excessive volume of intermetallic layer. Compared to both alloy side weld regions, the Mg alloy area weld zone was more corroded and had more cracks and gaps than the Al alloy side.
Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylthio-Substituted 1,4-Enediones from Styrenes and Dialkyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K. , Rastogi Gaurav K.
Published: July 2022

We have developed an efficient iodine-catalyzed route for the synthesis of 2-(alkylthio)-substituted 1,4-enedione derivatives from styrenes under an open air atmosphere. Styrenes are heated with a range of sulfoxides in the presence of iodine and potassium persulfate to afford the desired products in high yields. Except for DMSO, all the sulfoxides are synthesized in the laboratory and are used crude. The products are formed as mixtures of E and Z stereoisomers that are easily separable by column chromatography. Both oxygen atoms of 1,4-enedione product originate from aerial oxygen. A mechanism is proposed based on control experiments and literature reports.
Family Language Policies of Vietnamese–Australian Families
Authors: Tran Van H. , Verdon Sarah , McLeod Sharynne , Wang Cen
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate reported family language policies (quy tắc sử dụng ngôn ngữ cho gia đình) and language maintenance practices among Vietnamese–Australian parents. This mixed-methods study collected 151 Vietnamese–Australian parents' responses to close- and open-ended questions within an online questionnaire that was available both in English and Vietnamese. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore associations between family language policies and factors related to demographics and Spolsky's language policy theory. Content analysis was undertaken in NVivo to investigate family language policies. One-third of the participants (35.6%) reported to have a family language policy and 72.5% of those with a policy indicated that they consistently implemented their policy. Significant factors associated with having a family language policy were parents' higher Vietnamese proficiency, more Vietnamese language use with their children, and intention of future residence in Vietnam. The four identified language policies were as follows: (1) using Vietnamese with the nuclear family (FLP1), (2) Vietnamese outside the nuclear family (FLP2), (3) English at home (FLP3), and (4) English outside the home (FLP4). Some families used more than one of these concurrently. This is one of the first large-scale mixed-method studies to explore family language policies, and the first to explore this issue with Vietnamese-speaking families in Australia. Many Vietnamese–Australian families do not explicitly have a family language policy aimed at maintaining Vietnamese at home; therefore, the Vietnamese–Australian community is at risk of a shift toward English language dominance and home language loss. As a result, the benefits of multilingualism within the Vietnamese–Australian community may be lost without support from the government and community to maintain their home language.
Often Encountered but Rarely Reported: Challenges in Selecting Language(s) for Intervention in Bi/Multilingual Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Srikar Malavi , Raju Reny , Dadlani Nikita , Swaminathan Divya , Vaidhyanathan Prathiksha , Meera Shoba S.
Published: July 2022

India is a socioculturally and linguistically diverse country. Most often individuals grow up exposed to more than one language. Apart from exposure to native and community languages, there is a growing preference for English as the language of formal education and employment. Previous studies demonstrated that bilingual children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) develop language similar to their monolingual nonverbal IQ-matched ASD peers. However, most of these studies have been conducted in countries in which English is the primary language for majority of the population. Although existing studies support a bilingual environment for children with ASD, professionals still seem to advise families' use of a monolingual approach. This paper reviews and discusses factors that influence the selection of language(s) for intervention in young children with ASD in bi/multilingual environments. These are discussed under three areas namely, (1) language environment of the child, (2) parent/caregivers' perspectives regarding bi/multilingual exposure, and (3) medium of education and availability of intervention services. This paper also highlights the complexities involved in the language selection process for intervention using four case vignettes. Based on the review and findings from the case vignettes, it is evident that there is a need for (1) sensitizing fellow professionals regarding the increasing shift toward a bi/multilingual approach, (2) formulating guidelines for this decision-making process, and (3) continuing to develop an evidence base for adopting multilingual approach for intervention in a socioculturally and linguistically diverse country like India.
Tratamento de pacientes com diagnóstico de tumor ósseo de células gigantes: Experiência de um hospital filantrópico no Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Aguiar Leonardo Telles Alves de , Vasconcelos Juliani Barros Moura de , Ribeiro Marcelo Barbosa
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Avaliar o tratamento fornecido a pacientes com diagnóstico de tumor de células gigantes ósseo atendidos no período de 2009 a 2019 em um hospital filantrópico, bem como determinar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico regional, visando enriquecer os dados nacionais e comparar os achados com a literatura existente.

Métodos Estudo analítico, observacional e transversal, com coleta retrospectiva e abordagem quantitativa, com análise de prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com tumor de células gigantes atendidos em um hospital filantrópico no período de 2009 a 2019.

Resultados Foram avaliados 49 prontuários, sendo que 55,1% eram de mulheres, com 53,1% dos casos na faixa etária de 20 a 40 anos, 69,4% de casos de grau III de Campanacci, e 30,6% acometendo a extremidade proximal da tíbia. Observou-se baixo índice de fratura patológica secundária ao tumor e de metástase pulmonar. A cirurgia intralesional foi realizada em 69,5% dos pacientes. Houve recidiva em 16,3% dos casos.

Conclusão Os critérios usados para diagnóstico, classificação e tratamento em nosso serviço seguiram os padrões estabelecidos pela literatura, e podem orientar novas pesquisas e melhorar o prognóstico local futuramente.
46.14 Conjugated Diene Synthesis by Rearrangement of 1,3-Dienes to 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Mills M. D. , Clark J. R.
Published: July 2022

The ubiquity of 1,3-dienes in natural products remains an inspiration for developing new reactions to access conjugated diene functionality, with controlled substitution at various positions within the diene. Isomerization of 1,3-dienes has emerged as a unique approach to access highly substituted 1,3-diene functionality in small organic molecules. This review covers classical and modern synthetic strategies to accomplish dienyl isomerization reactions, including the transition-metal-catalyzed and metal-free transformations of 1,3-dienes, to afford more stabilized and sometimes more highly substituted 1,3-diene functionality.
Collaboration in a ‘North–South’ Context: The Role of Power Relations and the Various Context-Based Conditions
Authors: Dannecker Petra
Published: July 2022

This response is focusing on the various power structures influencing research–practice–collaborations, transdisciplinary projects, and participation. It will be discussed how power asymmetries globally as well as locally influence and structure collaborations and participation between the involved actors and, thus, the expected transformative potential of the produced knowledge. Based on experiences and challenges encountered during a North–South capacity building project, it will be shown how funding schemes as well as the positionalities of the involved actors produce and reproduce historical, social, or cultural power structures which influence research–practice–collaborations. The main argument put forward is that instead of focusing in the current scientific as well as science-policy debates primarily on how research–practice–collaborations and/or participation could be improved ‘technically,’ the respective contexts and/or power structures and relations have to be considered and reflected in each phase of collaborative endeavors. This especially, but not exclusively, in the context of North–South collaborations.
Spin manipulation by giant valley-Zeeman spin-orbit field in atom-thick WSe2
Authors: Wang Xinhe , Yang Wei , Yang Wang , Cao Yuan , Lin Xiaoyang , Wei Guodong , Lu Haichang , Tang Peizhe , Zhao Weisheng
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon originating from spin–orbit coupling provides energy-efficient strategies for spin manipulation and device applications. The broken inversion symmetry interface and the resulting electric field induce a Rashba-type spin–orbit field (SOF), which has been demonstrated to generate spin–orbit torque for data storage applications. In this study, we found that spin flipping can be achieved by the valley-Zeeman SOF in monolayer WSe2 at room temperature, which manifests as a negative magnetoresistance in the vertical spin valve. Quantum transmission calculations based on an effective model near the K valley of WSe2 confirm the precessional spin transport of carriers under the giant SOF, which is estimated to be 650 T. In particular, the valley-Zeeman SOF-induced spin dynamics was demonstrated to be tunable with the layer number and stacking phase of WSe2 as well as the gate voltage, which provides a novel strategy for spin manipulation and can benefit the development of ultralow-power spintronic devices.