bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Elective Neck Dissection With Survival in cT1N0M0 Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Li Tao , Xiang Xianwang , Wang Yi , Chen Chuanjun
Published: April 2023

Background

Studies on neck management of early-stage floor of mouth (FOM) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are very few and controversial. We aimed to study whether elective neck dissection (END) for patients with clinically stage T1N0M0 (cT1N0M0) FOM SCC is beneficial for survival.

Methods

Information on patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 FOM SCC between 2004 and 2015 was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional risk models and Kaplan–Meier curves were used for survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare whether overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) differed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to eliminate the effect of confounding variables.

Results

There were 1014 patients with cT1N0M0 FOM SCC. Among them, END group: 455 cases; observation group: 559 cases. COX regression analysis before PSM demonstrated hazard ratio (HR) in the observation group compared to END (OS: 1.108 (.926–1.326), P = .262; CSS: 1.033 (.772–1.382), P = .827). There was no survival difference between END and observation survival before PSM (5-year OS: 71.8% vs. 67.8%, P = .180; 5-year CSS: 84.5% vs. 84.8%, P = .930); the matched results were the same as before PSM.

Conclusion

Observation may be a more appropriate option compared with END in cT1N0M0 FOM SCC.
Profiles of participant roles in offline bullying and cyberbullying and normative beliefs among Korean adolescents
Authors: Seo Mijung
Published: April 2023

This study identified patterns of bullying roles in offline and cyber contexts among Korean adolescents and investigated their relationships with normative beliefs about offline bullying and cyberbullying. Four distinct latent classes of participant roles in offline bullying and cyberbullying emerged through a person-centered latent profile analysis: (a) low involvement (54%), (b) bully/victim-nondefenders (9.9%), (c) defenders (17%), and (d) offline bully-cyber outsiders (19.1%). Adolescents in the defenders class reported the highest levels of defending behavior both online and offline compared with adolescents in the other classes, while adolescents in the bully/victim-nondefenders class reported the highest levels in all roles except for the defending role (i.e., bully, follower, outsider, and victim roles). The overall pattern of the results was similar for the bully/victim-nondefenders and the offline bully-cyber outsiders class, though these two classes have marked differences in cyberbullying scores. The results indicated unique differences regarding antecedents (normative beliefs about offline bullying and cyberbullying) tied to patterns of roles in offline bullying and cyberbullying. The findings suggest that preventive interventions against bullying are possible by changing personal beliefs about offline bullying and cyberbullying.
Let the Kids Play: Latino Players, Differing Play Styles and Racial Stigma in Major League Baseball
Authors: Mitchel Andrew , Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: April 2023

Major League Baseball's (MLB) unwritten rules and unspoken norms communicate the continuing role that white American cultural values have within the sport. Coded into the past and present, foreign-born players, especially those from Latin America, confront these norms as they arrive to MLB with a distinctly Caribbean tíguere style of play. MLB seeks to overcome these differences by promoting its young Latino superstars through the marketing campaign Let the Kids Play. However, all actors, from The Office of the Commissioner of Baseball to current players, must increase their cultural competency and uproot their essentialist viewpoints to understand that these players are not trying to show up their opponent, but are instead adhering to the style of play they themselves learned and know best.
“Because Hongkongers Should Support Hong Kong”: Entanglement of National Identity, Political Ideology, and Football Fandom in Hong Kong
Authors: Chung Sanho
Published: April 2023

In this article, I argue that there can be an intersection between the rise and development of sports fandom, national identity, as well as political ideology. I contend that the rise of nationalist sports fandom can be driven by the emergence of the nationalist democratic movement. With an ongoing nationalist democratic movement against a cultural dominant “other” as the context, sports fandom becomes a container for nationalism and a reactive form of resistance against the dominant “other” who endangers them. Fans who have a stronger sense of “self” national identity and more political experience in the movement would see sports fandom as a subtle means of catharsis to counter the threat. I showcase the idea using the rise of collective fandom in the Hong Kong men's national football team in recent years as an example. I will trace how the development of the democratic movement and nationalism in Hong Kong paralleled the blossoms of the Hong Kong (men's) national football team (HKNFT) fandom over the last few years, and how the HKNFT fandom was transformed gradually into a reactive form of resistance against threats to political autonomy of Hong Kong and attempts of cultural assimilation from China. Multiple sources of data, including an onsite survey, focus group interviews, individual interviews, and secondary historical works will be utilized to support my arguments.
Attachment orientations moderate people’s preferences for market versus communal relationships under a control threat
Authors: Gasiorowska Agata , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz
Published: April 2023

In two studies, we examined the effects of a control threat and attachment orientation on people’s preferences for market relationships. In Study 1, experiencing a control threat increased the willingness to seek practical support in the market rather than ask a close person for help among participants with higher attachment anxiety. In a well-powered preregistered Study 2, we replicated these results and demonstrated that they also hold for situations in which emotional support is desired. In addition, we demonstrated that the effect of a control threat on the preference for market-based support is moderated by attachment orientations above the effect of objective and subjective socioeconomic status. The effects we found suggest that people’s involvement in market relationships may fulfill important psychological needs, serving as a buffer against attachment insecurities.
Community wealth building or local authority rhetoric?
Authors: Redwood Morag E , Smith Anne MJ , Steiner Artur , Whittam Geoff
Published: April 2023

We examine the principles, purpose and practice of Community Wealth Building (CWB). Our case study, located in the UK, involves a Local Authority (LA), local community groups and local people, and the implementation of a CWB initiative by the LA. Action research enabled us to scrutinise the LA approach to the CWB initiative in terms of community engagement and consultation. We identified power and control tensions in relationships between the LA and different community groups (including local development trusts) that undermine the theoretical principles of CWB. Examination of these issues through a Bourdieuvian lens reveals the role played by power relations and highlights the need for ‘practical reflexivity’ in any community engagement process especially where institutions are at risk of misinterpreting how CWB might be accomplished in practice. Our study contributes a reflexivity model of CWB for purpose and practice, grounded in ethics, fairness and inclusion, and is of significance to LA initiatives claiming a CWB mission, vision and strategy.
Clinical practice recommendations for management of lateropulsion after stroke determined by a Delphi expert panel
Authors: Nolan Jessica , Jacques Angela , Godecke Erin , Abe Hiroaki , Babyar Suzanne , Bergmann Jeannine , Birnbaum Melissa , Dai Shenhao , Danells Cynthia , Edwards Taiza GS , Gandolfi Marialuisa , Jahn Klaus , Koter Ryan , Mansfield Avril , Nakamura Junji , Pardo Vicky , Perennou Dominic , Piscicelli Celine , Punt David , Romick-Sheldon Devra , Saeys Wim , Smania Nicola , Vaes Nathalie , Whitt Abigail L , Singer Barbara
Published: April 2023

Objective

People exhibiting post-stroke lateropulsion actively push their body across the midline to the more affected side and/or resist weight shift toward the less affected side. Despite its prevalence and associated negative rehabilitation outcomes, no clinical practice guidelines exist for the rehabilitation of post-stroke lateropulsion. We aimed to develop consensus-based clinical practice recommendations for managing post-stroke lateropulsion using an international expert panel.

Design

This Delphi panel process conformed with Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies recommendations.

Participants

Panel members had demonstrated clinical and/or scientific background in the rehabilitation of people with post-stroke lateropulsion.

Main Measures

The process consisted of four electronic survey rounds. Round One consisted of 13 open questions. Subsequent rounds ascertained levels of agreement with statements derived from Round One. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥75% agreement (agree or strongly agree), or ≥70% agreement after excluding ‘unsure’ responses.

Results

Twenty participants completed all four rounds. Consensus was achieved regarding a total of 119 recommendations for rehabilitation approaches and considerations for rehabilitation delivery, positioning, managing fear of falling and fatigue, optimal therapy dose, and discharge planning. Statements for which ‘some agreement’ (50%–74% agreement) was achieved and those for which recommendations remain to be clarified were recorded.

Conclusions

These recommendations build on existing evidence to guide the selection of interventions for post-stroke lateropulsion. Future research is required to elaborate specific rehabilitation strategies, consider the impact of additional cognitive and perceptual impairments, describe positioning options, and detail optimal therapy dose for people with lateropulsion.
Effects of serotonergic psychedelics on mitochondria: Transdiagnostic implications for mitochondria-related pathologies
Authors: Fissler Patrick , Vandersmissen Anja , Filippi Marco , Mavioglu Rezan Nehir , Scholkmann Felix , Karabatsiakis Alexander , Krähenmann Rainer
Published: April 2023

The use of serotonergic psychedelics has gained increasing attention in research, clinical practice and society. Growing evidence suggests fast-acting, transdiagnostic health benefits of these 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonists. Here, we provide a brief overview of their benefits for psychological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and immunological pathologies. We then review their effect on mitochondria including mitochondrial biogenesis, functioning and transport. Mitochondrial dysregulation is a transdiagnostic mechanism that contributes to the aforementioned pathologies. Hence, we postulate that psychedelic-induced effects on mitochondria partially underlie their transdiagnostic benefits. Based on this assumption, we propose new treatment indications for psychedelics and that the health benefits induced by psychedelics depend on patient-specific mitochondrial dysregulation.
A phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled study to investigate potential interactions between ASP8062, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor, and morphine in recreational opioid users
Authors: Ito Mototsugu , Walzer Mark , Blauwet Mary Beth , Spence Anna , Heo Nakyo , Kelsh Debra , Blahunka Paul , Erdman Jay , Alsharif Mohamad Nour , Marek Gerard J
Published: April 2023

Background:

Recent increases in opioid use and subsequent opioid use disorder are a major public health crisis in the United States.

Aims:

This phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ASP8062, a γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor-positive allosteric modulator, with and without administration of morphine in participants who used opioids recreationally.

Methods:

Participants were randomly assigned (2:1) to daily dosing with ASP8062 25 mg or placebo on days 1–10. On day 10, all participants received morphine as a single oral dose of 45 mg; assessments were performed on days 11–16. The primary end point was safety, evaluated as the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse events, and end-tidal CO2 levels. PK end points were a secondary outcome measure.

Results:

A total of 24 participants (aged 21–54 years) received ASP8062 ( n = 16) or placebo ( n = 8). There were no deaths or serious adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation during the study. Most adverse events were mild, with numerically lower absolute number of adverse events reported with ASP8062 plus morphine versus placebo plus morphine. ASP8062 plus morphine did not increase respiratory depression, potential drug abuse- or withdrawal-related adverse events. There were no significant PK interactions.

Conclusions:

In this phase 1 study, we did not observe any unexpected safety signals or notable PK interactions with concomitant morphine administration. These data suggest a potentially low risk for an increase in drug abuse- or withdrawal-related adverse events or respiratory distress in participants exposed to ASP8062 and morphine.
Metabolic implications of axonal demyelination and its consequences for synchronized network activity: An in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Gerevich Zoltan , Kovács Richard , Liotta Agustin , Hasam-Henderson Luisa A , Weh Ludwig , Wallach Iwona , Berndt Nikolaus
Published: April 2023

Myelination enhances the conduction velocity of action potentials (AP) and increases energy efficiency. Thick myelin sheaths are typically found on large-distance axonal connections or in fast-spiking interneurons, which are critical for synchronizing neuronal networks during gamma-band oscillations. Loss of myelin sheath is associated with multiple alterations in axonal architecture leading to impaired AP propagation. While numerous studies are devoted to the effects of demyelination on conduction velocity, the metabolic effects and the consequences for network synchronization have not been investigated. Here we present a unifying computational model for electrophysiology and metabolism of the myelinated axon. The computational model suggested that demyelination not only decreases the AP speed but AP propagation in demyelinated axons requires compensatory processes like mitochondrial mass increase and a switch from saltatory to continuous propagation to rescue axon functionality at the cost of reduced AP propagation speed and increased energy expenditure. Indeed, these predictions were proven to be true in a culture model of demyelination where the pharmacologically-induced loss of myelin was associated with increased oxygen consumption rates, and a significant broadening of bandwidth as well as a decrease in the power of gamma oscillations.
Environing Innovation: Toward an Ecological Pragmatism of Scientific Practice
Authors: Aviles Natalie B.
Published: April 2023

Studies of scientific innovation that theorize the complex social and material influences on scientific inquiry and innovation can benefit from explicit theoretical attention to meso-level practices embedded in formal organizations. Combining insights separately developed by pragmatist perspectives in sociology and Science and Technology Studies (STS), I introduce an ecological pragmatist approach to scientific practice that helps account for the meso-level environments in which scientists innovate. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, I reanalyze classic works in sociology and STS on cancer research innovation to show how the distinct concerns for accountability in one formal organization—the U.S. National Cancer Institute—helped constitute the material and conceptual scaffolding that went on to shape individual innovations and macro-level institutional transformations. I conclude by suggesting ecological pragmatism offers a valuable perspective on recent efforts in sociology to conceptualize culture as cognition.
What Should Churches Post on Facebook? An Exploratory Study of the Perceived Contribution of Facebook Posts to the Mission of Churches
Authors: Dunaetz David R. , Heath Chelsea , Recto Raisa , Soria Danny , Wilden Stephanie J.
Published: April 2023

Facebook is the most popular social networking site in the world and is used by many churches. This study seeks to discover the type of Facebook posts that most contribute to the perceived spiritual formation of church attenders as defined by typical church mission statements. A broad range of church attenders who use Facebook ( N = 161) completed an online survey focusing on their church's Facebook page. They indicated the degree to which they believe various types of their church's Facebook posts contributed to their spiritual formation, specifically, their relationship with God, their relationship with fellow believers, their personal spiritual growth, and their involvement in ministry or service. They also indicated what type of posts they would like to see more frequently from their church. An exploratory analysis found that posts that had greater cognitive content (specifically, live broadcasts, video recordings, announcements, and devotionals) were perceived to contribute more to church attenders’ spiritual formation than did posts with less cognitive content (humorous memes, photos, inspirational quotations, and external links). Confirming these results, participants also expressed a preference for their church to make more posts with high cognitive content than posts with low cognitive content. These results lead to several applications of how churches can better use Facebook to contribute to their mission.
The study of self-regulating α-TCP based composite by micro/nano scaled silk fibroin and α-CSH on physicochemical and biological properties of bone cement
Authors: Song Yaping , Zhao Liqin , Niu Baolong , Zhao Hongyun , Hu Yinchun , Wei Yan , Huang Di , Wang Tongxin , Lian Xiaojie
Published: April 2023

A novel self-hardening α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) bone cement complexed with different content of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) and micrometer hydroxyapatite mineralized silk fibroin (HA-SF) using micro/SF as curing liquid has been investigated in this work, which was capable of tunable setting time, degradation, mechanical property and ability to anti-washout. After addition 0 ∼ 25% α-CSH to the α-TCP cement with SFFs as curing liquid, it shortened the setting time of the modified composite to 10 ∼ 30 min. Furthermore, the addition of SFFs improved the compressive strength of the composite from 5.41 MPa to 9.44 MPa. The composites with both Na2HPO4 and SFFs as curing liquid showed good anti-collapse performance. The weight loss ratio of bone cement was −0.18 ∼ 12.08% in 4 weeks when the content of α-CSH in α-TCP/α-CSH was between 0 ∼ 25 wt%. During the degradation of α-CSH, the amorphous α-TCP were deposited as hydroxyapatite to formed a plate-like products on the surface of composite. Compared to the composite with Na2HPO4 solution as the curing liquid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the composites using SFFs as curing liquid were maintained at high levels on the 14th day especially when the Ca/P ratio was 1.7. This study provides a theoretical basis for the regeneration of bone defects guided by bone cement materials.
Numerical study on cavitation flow and induced pressure fluctuation characteristics of centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhang Haichen , He Haojie , Dong Wei
Published: April 2023

In order to reveal the variation law between cavitation process and pressure pulsation characteristics of centrifugal pump, the internal flow characteristics and pressure pulsation characteristics of centrifugal pump during cavitation development are studied in this paper. First, select the standard k- ε with good coincidence between external characteristics and test data under rated conditions model for calculation after compare the standard k- ε, RNG k- ε and SST k- ω. Then, based on the unsteady calculation results, the characteristics of the internal flow before and after the cavitation critical point, the frequency domain characteristics of the pressure pulsation on the volute wall and at the impeller inlet monitoring points in different cavitation stages are compared and analyzed. Finally, root mean square (RMS) is used to study the change trend of pressure fluctuation energy intensity with cavitation process. The research results show that the prediction accuracy of the characteristic points of RMS change curve of pressure fluctuation for cavitation is higher than that of the traditional 3% head drop point. Using the energy characteristics of pressure fluctuation can more accurately and timely determine the occurrence of cavitation.
Impact of follow-up adherence on disease activity in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE)
Authors: Nelson Meghan Corrigan , Mosley Colleen , Villacis-Nunez D Sofia , Rouster-Stevens Kelly , Thakral Amit
Published: April 2023

Background/Purpose:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, with a potential for significant disease damage, morbidity, and mortality. In comparison to the adult population, childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) tends to be more aggressive given the higher preponderance of renal and neuropsychiatric disease and increased disease activity. There is a paucity of literature examining relationship between disease activity, rheumatology follow-up visits, and health care utilization. The objective of this study is to determine whether adherence with outpatient clinic visits would affect disease activity in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).

Methods

41 children <18 years of age at time of diagnosis with SLE who met Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics (SLICC) criteria and not evaluated in clinic within the previous 120-day period were identified as eligible for inclusion. Patients were continuously searched between December 2021 and July 2022 for eligibility evaluation. Through retrospective chart review, we assessed disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index) at the last clinic visit. The patients were stratified into two cohorts of lower and higher disease activity, with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) ≤ 3 and SLEDAI ≥ 4, respectively. Descriptive statistics and Willcox Rank Sum (numerical variables) and Fisher’s test (categorical variables) were used to compare these two groups.

Results

Clinical, epidemiological, and serological data were compared between the two groups, with observed statistically significant differences to include current use of high dose prednisone associated with higher SLEDAI scores ( p = 0.019). In nonparametric analysis, time to follow-up ( p < 0.001), hospitalizations ( p = 0.017), and Emergency Department visits (ED) ( p < 0.001) were found to be associated with higher SLEDAI scores.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that cSLE patients with higher disease activity are at risk for increased health care utilization with respect to ED visits as well as hospitalizations in the setting of follow-up nonadherence. While further studies are required to enhance our understanding of this association, this links the importance of disease-related outcome and routine outpatient visits in this particularly vulnerable patient population.
Perceived Faultlines and Decentralized Structures in Decision-Making Teams
Authors: Park Jieun , Maltarich Mark A. , Thatcher Sherry M. B. , Schepker Donald J.
Published: April 2023

We advance the literature on faultlines by theorizing about how and why perceived faultlines (i.e., realized subgroupings as perceived by team members) not only influence team characteristics (e.g., decision-making structures), but also change in response to these team characteristics over time. Drawing on current team theories, we reason that strong perceived faultlines lead teams toward a decentralized decision-making structure (i.e., distributed decision-making responsibility), but a decentralized decision-making structure weakens future perceived faultline strength. We also build a theory suggesting a decentralized decision-making structure mitigates the dysfunctional effect of perceived faultlines on team performance. We find support for our theory in a sample of 230 undergraduate students in 48 teams, and we discuss implications for faultline and team research.
Comparison of the Correlation Between Coagulation Indices and Rivaroxaban Concentrations
Authors: Wu Tingting , Wu Shuyi , Li Meijuan , Zhang Jinhua
Published: April 2023

Background:

Rivaroxaban has predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, monitoring rivaroxaban concentrations should be provided for special patients with hepatic insufficiency, high bleeding risk, and high thrombotic risk.

Objective:

This study aimed to correlate chromogenic anti-Xa assay, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thromboelastogram reaction time (TEG R-time), and rivaroxaban concentration measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (MS-Riva).

Methods:

Peripheral venous blood was collected from recruited patients 30 minutes before and 2 to 4 hours after drug administration. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and chromogenic anti-Xa assay measured rivaroxaban concentration. Different assays were compared by Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results:

A total of 104 patients with 191 plasma were included in the study. Overall analysis shows that chromogenic anti-Xa assay, PT, APTT, and TEG R-time strongly correlated with MS-Riva ( r = 0.986; r = 0.884; r = 0.741; r = 0.739; P < 0.001). Rivaroxaban peak concentration detected by HPLC-MS/MS (MS-peak) showed a very strong correlation with the chromogenic anti-Xa assay ( r = 0.977, P < 0.001) and moderate correlation with PT, APTT, and TEG R-time ( r = 0.670; r = 0.571; r = 0.481, P < 0.001). Rivaroxaban trough concentration detected by HPLC-MS/MS (MS-trough) correlated strongly with the chromogenic anti-Xa assay ( r = 0.884, P < 0.001), weakly with APTT ( r = 0.313; P = 0.043), and not significantly with PT and TEG R-time ( P = 0.140; P = 0.341).

Conclusion and Relevance:

High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/MS is the preferred choice for monitoring peak and tough concentrations, followed by anti-Xa, while PT is only suitable for peak concentrations. This study can help the clinicians to better adjust the medication regimen and reduce the risk of recurrence of thrombosis as well as the risk of bleeding.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Posterior Malleolus Fragment in Ankle Fractures Improves the Patient-Rated Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Miksch Rainer Christoph , Herterich Viktoria , Barg Alexej , Böcker Wolfgang , Polzer Hans , Baumbach Sebastian Felix
Published: April 2023

Background:

The best treatment strategy for fractures to the posterior malleolus (PM) is still intensively debated. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the patient-rated outcome following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for fractures of the PM to either closed reduction using AP screws (CRIF) or no treatment in bi- or trimalleolar ankle fractures.

Methods:

Systematic literature research (MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, Central and EMBASE) according to the PICOS and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible were studies comparing the outcome following ORIF to any other treatment strategy for fractures to the posterior malleolus in isolated bi- or trimalleolar ankle fractures.

Results:

Twelve studies were eligible for a qualitative analysis and 6 for a quantitative analysis. Overall, a considerable heterogeneity among the studies was observed. The most commonly used outcome score was the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS). The final follow-up ranged from 12 to 160 months. Four studies compared ORIF to CRIF of the PM. The quantitative analysis revealed significantly better AOFAS scores for ORIF (90.9 vs 83.4 points; P < .001; I2 = 0%). Three studies compared ORIF to untreated PM fragment. The quantitative analysis again revealed superior AOFAS scores for ORIF (92.0 vs 82.5 points; P < .001; I2 = 99%). A similar trend was observed for the Ankle Fracture Scoring System and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Questionnaire scores as well as the quality of reduction.

Conclusion:

Despite a considerable heterogeneity, the data available point to a superior outcome following ORIF for fractures to the PM when compared to CRIF or no treatment.
Reliability analysis for product package via probability density function of acceleration random response
Authors: Yang Song-Ping , Liu Zi-Chen
Published: April 2023

Analytical probability density function of acceleration random response for cubic nonlinear product package has seldomly been investigated due to the difficulty of solving nonlinear random problem and less attention paid to the acceleration response. In this paper, the analytical solution for the probability density function of linear package acceleration response under random vibration is obtained, and on this basis, the equivalent linearization method is introduced to further explore the approximate analytical solution of acceleration response probability density function for cubic nonlinear product package under random vibration. Some suggestions on packaging optimal design are given by analyzing the sensitivity of acceleration random response to the external excitation and system parameters, and the first-passage failure probability for the acceleration response of cubic nonlinear package under random vibration is analyzed. The results show that the equivalent linearization method can precisely predict the acceleration response probability density function for the cubic nonlinear package under certain conditions, and the applicable range of the method is given by the equivalent stiffness formula. Nonlinear characteristic parameter [Formula: see text] of the cubic package activates acceleration response a completely different trend from the quasi-linear system. Properly increasing the system stiffness and decreasing the damping ratio can effectively reduce the acceleration response strength of the product package. As the vibration time increases and the product fragility decreases, the first-passage failure probability of the product package increases. The analysis provides theoretical foundation and guidance for packaging optimization design.
Facilitators and Barriers to Care Coordination Between Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and Community Partners: Early Lessons From Massachusetts
Authors: Kachoria Aparna G. , Sefton Laura , Miller Faye , Leary Amy , Goff Sarah L. , Nicholson Joanne , Himmelstein Jay , Alcusky Matthew
Published: April 2023

Care coordination is central to health care delivery system reform efforts to control costs, improve quality, and enhance patient outcomes, especially for individuals with complex medical and social needs. The potential impact of addressing health-related social needs further illustrates the importance of coordinating health care services with community-based organizations that provide social services and support. This study offers early findings from a unique approach to care coordination delivered by 17 Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and 27 partnering community-based organizations for individuals with behavioral health conditions and/or those needing long-term services and supports. Interview data from 54 key informants were qualitatively analyzed to understand factors affecting cross-sector integrated care. Key themes emerged, essential to implementing the new model statewide: clarifying roles and responsibilities; promoting communication; facilitating information exchange; developing workforce capacity; building essential relationships; and responsive, supportive program management through real-time feedback, financial incentives, technical assistance, and flexibility from the state Medicaid program.
Second gradient continuum model for anisotropic elastic and piezoelectric structures calibrated based on phonon dispersion relations
Authors: Solyaev Yury
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we present a variant of the second gradient continuum model that allows description of the spatial dispersion effects of high-frequency waves in anisotropic crystals. The considered model takes into account the strain and inertia gradient effects and the classical electro-mechanical coupling. The simplified constitutive equations of the model contain seven and four length scale parameters for piezoelectric hexagonal crystals and elastic cubic crystals, respectively. It is shown that all except one length scale parameter can be identified based on the fitting of the continuum model to the lattice dynamics calculations for the dispersion relations of the bulk acoustic phonons. Examples of the identification are presented for hexagonal piezoelectric ZnO and AlN and for cubic diamond and Si crystals. Using a calibrated model, we then obtain the dispersion relations for the high-frequency Bleustein–Gulyaev wave in piezoelectric crystals and for the shear horizontal surface wave in elastic crystals. The last one is predicted by the gradient models only for the high frequencies, while at low frequencies this wave degenerates to the bulk shear wave. Examples of calculations are also provided for the Rayleigh wave propagating through the homogeneous piezoelectric half-space and layered ZnO(AlN)/diamond/Si structures. It is shown that this kind of surface wave can be used to identify the last unknown length scale parameter of the model.
The Year in Review: Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease 2022
Authors: Goodmanson Matthew M. , Latham Gregory J. , Landsem Leah M. , Ross Faith J.
Published: April 2023

This review focuses on the literature published during the calendar year 2022 that is of interest to anesthesiologists taking care of children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Four major themes are discussed: enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS); diversity, equity, and inclusion; the state of pediatric cardiac anesthesiology as a subspecialty in the United States; and neuromonitoring for pediatric cardiac surgery.
Alterations of Systemic and Hepatic Metabolic Function Following Exposure to Trans-nonachlor in Low and High Fat Diet Fed Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: McDevitt Erin , Henein Lucie , Crawford Anna , Kondakala Sandeep , Young Darian , Meek Edward , Howell George E.
Published: April 2023

The overall prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities have increased at an alarming rate in the United States and worldwide. There is a growing body of epidemiological evidence implicating exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including legacy organochlorine (OC) pesticides and their bioaccumulative metabolites, in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine if exposure to trans-nonachlor, a bioaccumulative OC pesticide contaminant, in concert with high fat diet intake induced metabolic dysfunction. Briefly, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to trans-nonachlor (.5 or 5 ppm) in either a low fat (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. At 8 weeks of intake, trans-nonachlor decreased serum triglyceride levels in LFD and HFD fed animals and at 16 weeks compared to LFD fed animals. Interestingly, serum glucose levels were decreased by trans-nonachlor (5 ppm) in LFD fed animals at 16 weeks. Serum free fatty acids were increased by trans-nonachlor exposure (5 ppm) in LFD fed animals at 16 weeks. HFD fed animals displayed signs of hepatic steatosis including elevated liver triglycerides, liver enzymes, and liver lipid peroxidation which were not significantly altered by trans-nonachlor exposure. However, there was a trans-nonachlor mediated increase in expression of fatty acid synthase in livers of LFD fed animals and not HFD fed animals. Thus, the present data indicate exposure to trans-nonachlor in conjunction with LFD or HFD intake produces both diet and exposure dependent effects on lipid and glucose metabolism.
The Barancik lecture: Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis—Looking backward, looking forward
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann
Published: April 2023

Comorbidity is highly prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout their disease course. In the last 15 years, our understanding of the association between comorbidity and outcomes such as relapses, disability progressive, health-related quality of life, health care use, and mortality has grown substantially. The broad adverse impacts of comorbidity on these outcomes point to the need to prevent and treat comorbidity effectively in people with MS. This requires having the necessary tools to evaluate comorbidity, an understanding of how MS affects management of comorbidity now, testing of interventions tailored to people with MS, and determining the best models of care to optimize comorbidity management.
Field Test to Evaluate Telepathology in Telemedicine
Authors: Schwarzmann P , Schmid J , Binder B , Burkart J
Published: April 2023

Telepathology is currently performed only on prototype systems. The application of telepathology consultations differs from the conventional procedure because of the technical and cost restrictions. This paper outlines technical concepts and the principal hardware and software modules necessary for telemicroscopy equipment. A field test to gather information concerning the user needs and to evaluate parameters of telepathology consultation sessions is reported.
Realtime Three-Dimensional Remote Medical Skills Acquisition
Authors: Webster Steve , Garner Paul , Cameron Keith , O'Brien Tim
Published: April 2023

Three-dimensional techniques are gaining widespread use in a number of disciplines, including medicine, where the visualization of depth information is not only useful but important. Both computer-generated 3-D imaging and 3-D video are set to become increasingly important tools for both diagnosis and teaching. In this paper we will present some of the work that we are currently undertaking using 3-D techniques for remote surgical skills acquisition. This work is based on the use of a small headset with twin miniature video cameras, video codecs, two different 3-D visualization systems and BT's ISDN telecommunications network.
Solo Surgery – with the Aid of a Robotic Assistant
Authors: Turner D J
Published: April 2023

In the interests of cost containment this study was performed to compare the cost-effectiveness of utilizing a robotic assistant instead of a human assistant. Twelve patients undergoing laparoscopic bladder neck suspension were studied retrospectively. In six of these cases a human assistant was utilized and in another six a robot arm was utilized to hold and manoeuvre the laparoscope and camera. Evaluations have previously been made showing the improved steadiness and clarity of picture when utilizing the robot rather than a human and in this case the length of surgery was compared and the cost of the equipment and all personnel evaluated. The differences in length of surgery between both groups was not statistically significant. The cost of the robotic arm was less than that of human systems. This depends on the volume of surgery and may vary between institutions. In conclusion, a robotic assistant is seen to be a cost-effective device taking the place of the traditional assistant.
Telecardiology services in the Aegean islands
Authors: Mavrogeni S , Sotiriou D , Thomakos D , Venieris N , Panagopoulos P
Published: April 2023

Telecardiology services established between the Onassion Cardiac Surgery Centre in Athens and the Primary Health Care Centre (HCC) of Naxos in the Aegean provide 24 h support. During the testing period more than SO cases were analysed, diagnosed and treated in Naxos HCC, under the supervision of the on-call cardiologists of the Onassion Cardiac Surgery Centre. One patient with an acute myocardial infarction was evacuated to a tertiary hospital in Athens. The services are modelled in a way that they could be applied to five more HCCs in the Aegean. Emphasis is being put on the customization of the electronic medical records for facilitating the work of the primary-care physicians to cope with cardiology emergencies and long-term follow-up of cardiac patients.
A systems approach to multilingual language attitudes: A case study of Montréal, Québec, Canada
Authors: Feng Ruo Ying , Tiv Mehrgol , Kutlu Ethan , Gullifer Jason W. , Palma Pauline , O’Regan Elisabeth , Vingron Naomi , Doucerain Marina M. , Titone Debra
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

People are shaped holistically by dynamic and interrelated individual and social-ecological systems. This perspective has been discussed in the context of varied aspects of bilingual experiences, namely language acquisition and development. Here, we applied a Systems Framework of Bilingualism to language attitudes, which may be especially responsive to social-ecological influences.

Methodology:

One hundred twenty-three French–English bilingual adults ( Mage = 21.20, SD = 3.21) completed self-report questionnaires on demographic information and their attitudes toward languages. A subset of these bilinguals ( n = 73) completed a social network survey.

Data and analysis:

We used language-tagged social network analysis and geospatial demographic analysis to examine the role of individual characteristics (i.e., first language), interpersonal language dynamics (i.e., person-to-person interactions), and ecological language dynamics (i.e., neighborhood language exposure).

Findings and Conclusions:

At an individual level, we found that bilinguals’ language background (i.e., first language) predicted attitudes of solidarity toward a language (i.e., whether a language is associated with personal identity and belongingness). When considering sociolinguistic layers of influence, we found that bilinguals’ social network and neighborhood-level language exposure jointly predicted their attitudes of solidarity toward a language, as well as their attitudes toward the protection of minority languages.

Originality:

While most studies have examined language experience in a unidimensional nature, the present study investigated multilingual language attitudes by considering multiple systems within a social-ecological framework.

Implications:

Taken together, the results suggest that several interrelated interpersonal and ecological systems are associated with language attitudes, which could have important implications for planning future language policies in multilingual societies such as Montréal.
Differential media exposure and perceptions of fear and behavior change in China and Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mesch Gustavo S , Liu Xue-Jing
Published: April 2023

Understanding the media effect on behavioral outcomes is critical during a health crisis. Mechanisms explaining the mediation effect of media induced risk perception on individual fears and preventive behavior adoption rarely attend to the assumptions and methods to make a causal inference, nor to explore how the effect differs by socioeconomic status. We applied a causal framework to estimate how differential media exposure motivates fear and behavioral reaction, and to what extent these effects can be explained by risk susceptibility and risk severity perceptions in Israel and China, and whether the effects are conditional on socioeconomic situation. Our results suggest that media consumptions are explanatory predictors for increased fear and behavior through provoked risk perceptions. Moreover, socioeconomic status is a pronounced moderator in differentiating the media effect. These findings emphasize the media effects in the context of pandemic and have potential implications for media campaign and policy making.
Ephemeral design: Platform capitalism and the making of a feature
Authors: Klik Ella
Published: April 2023

The rapid rise and fall of digital products and the ebbs and flows of Internet culture may seem antithetical—or at the very least a significant hurdle—to historical investigations. Can media scholars write digital histories “on the fly” and of recent events, some still unfolding in front of our eyes? This article addresses this question by studying objects, designs, and values in motion and in flux. I track the quality of ephemerality from the early days of cyberspace to the present and as it relates to different players and stakeholders. In so doing, a historical perspective of the perceptions and applications of evanescence will serve as the foundation for engaging with several contradictory and dynamic processes (commodification, resistance, and metabolization). This piece spotlights ephemerality’s evolving role from a de facto state of affairs to a rarity, a resistive strategy, and, finally, a popular feature.
(Re)connecting with audiences. An overview of audience-inclusion initiatives in European French-speaking local news media
Authors: Pignard-Cheynel Nathalie , Amigo Laura
Published: April 2023

This paper explores how local news organizations seek to strengthen their bond with audiences in French-speaking Europe (Belgium, France, and Switzerland). It does so by suggesting a new methodological approach focusing on the different ways in which this bond can be observed, i.e., the “initiatives” implemented by the news organizations. The study identifies 20 types of initiatives undertaken to (re)connect with audiences and presents a model of audience inclusion in news media in line with the literature on modalities of audience participation in news media. The discussion identifies changes in the positioning of local news organizations and journalists towards audiences regarding existing literature on participatory journalism but also on new practices more rooted in engagement, dialogue, and transparency towards audiences.
The contribution of meaningfulness to the work of democratic will formation
Authors: Yeoman Ruth
Published: April 2023

A response to Axel Honneth’s 2021 Walter-Benjamin Lectures on ‘The Working Sovereign’
Combination of Novel Therapies and New Attempts in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Li Wenbo , Li Yue , Li Jia , Pang Hua
Published: April 2023

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies, and it is rapidly falling without any effective therapeutic options. Although radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are performed on patients, the curative effect is suboptimal, and the survival rate is still poor. The discovery of altered gene pathways involved in this aggressive disease has advanced, but molecular targeted drugs targeting these pathways are still in clinical trials. To date, there is no effective way to treat this disease, so it is particularly urgent to find new treatments. At present, multimodal therapy is gradually being applied in clinical practice, which provides a new possibility for prolonging the survival time and improving the prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the current clinical multimodal therapy for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer to evaluate its effect on improving the survival of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer at different stages.