bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stigmatisation, Exaggeration, and Contradiction: An Analysis of Scientific and Clinical Content in Canadian Print Media Discourse About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Aspler John , Zizzo Natalie , Bell Emily , Di Pietro Nina , Racine Eric
Published: March 2019

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex diagnosis that includes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities, results from exposure to alcohol in the womb. FASD remains poorly understood by Canadians, which could contribute to reported stigma faced by both people with FASD and women who drink alcohol while pregnant. Methods: To better understand how information about FASD is presented in the public sphere, we conducted content analysis of 286 articles from ten major English-language Canadian newspapers (2002-2015). We used inductive coding to derive a coding guide from the data, and then iteratively applied identified codes back onto the sample, checking inter-coder reliability. Results: We identified six major themes related to clinical and scientific media content: 1) prevalence of FASD and of women’s alcohol consumption; 2) research related to FASD; 3) diagnosis of FASD; 4) treatment of FASD and maternal substance abuse; 5) primary disabilities associated with FASD; and 6) effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Discussion: Across these six themes, we discuss three instances of ethically consequential exaggeration and misrepresentation: 1) exaggeration about FASD rates in Indigenous communities; 2) contradiction between articles about the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure; and 3) scientifically accurate information that neglects the social context of alcohol use and abuse by women. Respectively, these representations could lead to harmful stereotyped beliefs about Indigenous peoples, might generate confusion about healthy choices during pregnancy, and may unhelpfully inflame debates about sensitive issues surrounding women’s choices.
Entretien avec Jeff McMahan sur Jonathan Glover et l’éthique du faire-mourir
Authors: Basse Benoît
Published: March 2019

Dans le cadre de ce numéro spécial consacré à Jonathan Glover et son éthique appliquée, nous avons demandé à Jeff McMahan de revenir pour nous sur l'influence qu'exerça sur lui l'ouvrage Questions de vie ou de mort (Labor et fides, 2017), publié il y a quarante ans dans sa version originale. Jeff McMahan, qui fut l'étudiant de Glover, a depuis lors développé sa propre éthique du faire-mourir. Nous avons voulu savoir ce qu'il retenait de la philosophie de Glover, dont il reconnaît le caractère pionnier en éthique appliqué.
La publicidad nos retrata
Authors: Sivera Sílvia
Published: March 2019

Pocas manifestaciones humanas pueden resumir de manera tan rápida y sintética la evolución de las sociedades a lo largo de la historia como lo hace la publicidad. En solo veinte segundos, una página, un banner... los anuncios replican modelos y valores sociales, proyectan aspiraciones humanas, recurren a emociones latentes en cada época. El año 2018 nos ha dejado un retrato social en forma de anuncios publicitarios sobre grandes temas de reflexión.
Jugando en Netflix: Black Mirror – Bandersnatch
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: March 2019

El pasado 28 de diciembre Netflix presentó una propuesta guardada con calculado semi-secretismo. Un formato inédito de la prestigiosa serie distópica Black Mirror, de Charlie Brooker, en forma de largometraje interactivo. El impacto -y la polémica- han sido notables: ¿el futuro del audiovisual? ¿Un experimento innovador, aunque limitado en su alcance? ¿Un truco caduco deudor de fórmulas ya agotadas y de poco calado? Yo estoy a medio camino entre las dos primeras opciones y en este COMeIN daré algunos apuntes sobre por qué. En cualquier caso, creo que Black Mirror: Bandersnatch merece mucha atención como ficción interactiva.
Análisis crítico de la plataforma europea de resolución de conflictos en línea
Authors: Nava Wendolyne , Ortega Gabriela
Published: March 2019

Una condición insoslayable para el funcionamiento del mercado único digital en la Unión Europea es incentivar el comercio electrónico transfronterizo y al mismo tiempo brindar la máxima protección a las empresas, pero particularmente a los ciudadanos europeos, quienes son la parte más vulnerable en este tipo de transacciones y los que, por tanto, necesitan mayor protección y seguridad. Es así como la Comisión Europea, como parte de su estrategia para lograrlo, crea la plataforma europea de resolución de conflictos en línea. Dada la relevancia de esta iniciativa, no solo a nivel regional, sino en el mundo, este trabajo hace un análisis crítico de la plataforma en sus primeros años de funcionamiento, a fin de poner de manifiesto sus fortalezas y las oportunidades de mejora, para así establecer hacia dónde debe encaminar sus esfuerzos para lograr a cabalidad su cometido.
Türkçe Kısa Mesajları Sınıflandıran Çok Katmanlı Süzgeçleme Mimarisi ve Akıllı SMS Kutusu
Authors: BESTİL H. İbrahim , GÜVENSAN M. Amaç
Published: March 2019

Kısa
mesaj servisi en yaygın kullanılan iletişim kanallarından biridir. Kişisel,
reklam, promosyon, etkinlik bildirimi, satış onaylama vb. bir çok farklı amaç
için kullanılan kısa mesajların 
sayısının her geçen gün artması takip edilebilirliklerini ve aranan
mesajın mesaj kutusunda hızlıca bulunmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Öte yandan
istenmeyen mesajların mesaj kutusunu doldurması ve mesaj kirliliği yaratması
bir diğer önemli problemdir. Bu çalışmada Türkçe Kısa Mesajları sınıflandırmak
ve akıllı bir SMS kutusu oluşturmak amacıyla Çok Katmanlı Süzgeçleme Mimarisi
önerilmiştir. Ayrıca bu mimari bir Android uygulaması üzerinde gerçeklenmiştir.
Bu mimari yardımı ile telefona ulaşan mesajlar kişisel, ticari, otp  kodları,
hatırlatıcı ve istenmeyen adı altında 5 farklı kategoriye ayrılmaktadır.
Önerilen mimari Kara Liste, Regex, Makine öğrenmesi, ve Beyaz Liste
süzgeçlerinden oluşmaktadır. Makine öğrenmesi süzgecinde Naive Bayes, Bayes
Net, J48 ve Random Forest algoritmalarının performansları incelenmiştir ve Random
Forest %87’lik başarısı nedeniyle uygulamada tercih edilmiştir. Önerilen çok
katmanlı yapı sayesinde mesaj sınıflandırma süresi azaltılırken sınıflandırma
başarısı %93’e yükseltilmiştir. Ayrıca başarının yükseltilmesinde seçilen
özellikler ve Zemberek kütüphanesinin kullanımı ile  kelimelerin türlerinin ve köklerinin elde
edilmesi önemli rol oynamıştır.
Kimya Endüstrilerinde Patlama ve Yangınların Önlenmesi ve İlgili Vaka Çalışmaları
Authors: MEVLEVIOGLU Ufuk , KADIRGAN M.a. Neşet , ALEV ÇİFTÇİOĞLU Gökçen
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, iş yerlerinde karşılaşılabilen patlama ve yangın
risklerini değerlendirmek ve bu risklere karşı alınabilecek önlemleri
belirlemek için Türkiye’nin ulusal mevzuatı ve TSE standartlarında belirtilen
yöntemler incelenmekte ve hayali bir kimya tesisine uygulanmaktadır. Hayali
tesisteki solvent tankı ve solvent pompası için yapılan değerlendirmede, tank
içerisinin “Bölge 0” patlayıcı ortam olarak sınıflandırılabileceği, pompa
etrafında ise çeşitli mühendislik yaklaşımlarıyla farklı patlayıcı ortam değerlendirmeleri
yapılabileceği sonuçlarına varılmıştır. Ayrıca hayali tesisteki polimer toz
besleme hunisi için yapılan değerlendirmede, huni içerisinin “Bölge 20” patlayıcı
ortam olarak sınıflandırılabileceği, huni etrafında oluşabilecek patlayıcı
ortamın tehlike mesafesinin ise, ilgili standartta verilen nitel yöntemlere
dayanarak tahmini olarak yapılabileceği gösterilmiştir. Sınıflandırılmış olan
bu tehlikeli bölgelerin dahilinde kullanılabilecek cihazların kategorileri ve
diğer özellikleri belirlenmiş, bu bölgelerde patlama ve yangınlara karşı
alınabilecek önlemlere çeşitli örnekler verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kimya
endüstrisinde sıkça rastlanabilecek tanklar, pompalar, solventler vb.
etkenlerle ilgili deneysel veriler üretilmesine ve yanıcı tozlarla ilgili
standart testleri yapabilecek akredite laboratuvarlara ihtiyaç duyulduğu
vurgulanmıştır.
Analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus in hypertensive rat models links Tmem63c to kidney damage
Authors: Schulz Angela , Müller Nicola Victoria , van de Lest Nina Anne , Eisenreich Andreas , Schmidbauer Martina , Barysenka Andrei , Purfürst Bettina , Sporbert Anje , Lorenzen Theodor , Meyer Alexander M , Herlan Laura , Witten Anika , Rühle Frank , Zhou Weibin , de Heer Emile , Scharpfenecker Marion , Panáková Daniela , Stoll Monika , Kreutz Reinhold
Published: March 2019

Unraveling the genetic susceptibility of complex diseases such as chronic kidney disease remains challenging. Here, we used inbred rat models of kidney damage associated with elevated blood pressure for the comprehensive analysis of a major albuminuria susceptibility locus detected in these models. We characterized its genomic architecture by congenic substitution mapping, targeted next-generation sequencing, and compartment-specific RNA sequencing analysis in isolated glomeruli. This led to prioritization of transmembrane protein Tmem63c as a novel potential target. Tmem63c is differentially expressed in glomeruli of allele-specific rat models during onset of albuminuria. Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis exhibited specific TMEM63C loss in podocytes. Functional analysis in zebrafish revealed a role for tmem63c in mediating the glomerular filtration barrier function. Our data demonstrate that integrative analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus is a powerful tool for identification of new targets such as Tmem63c for further translational investigation.
IDENTIFYING HAZARD ZONES AT LPG STATION "DAKI PETROL"
Authors: STANKOVIĆ SRĐAN , KRSTIĆ IVAN , MIHAJLOVIĆ EMINA
Published: March 2019

Technological processes, either in regular operation or in case of an accident, may produce flammable and explosive gases and vapours which can be the cause of fire and explosion. In case of major accidents involving the vessels with flammable gases, those gases leak and evaporate rapidly thus creating the cloud of mixtures (fireballs). Ignition of such mixture is initiated by ignition sources, and it may be the cause of explosion and detonation. The consequences of the combustion of flammable gases and vapours in unlimited atmosphere go beyond the limits of typical fires. These activities are the origins of environmental hazards in facilities endangered by flammable and explosive gases and vapours, or toxic products of combustion, heat radiation and shock wave. There is a need to develop the methods for identifying threat zones which would serve to reduce the risk of vulnerability to the acceptable level. Therefore, the subject of the research is the development of methodologies for estimating threat zones and application of ALOHA software package that can be used to determine the threat zones which are the consequence of gases and vapours clouds, as well as thermal radiation of shock wave and toxic products of combustion.
Key words:hazard zones, fire, explosion.
CONTROLLING WORKPLACE VIOLENCE
Authors: BUDIMIR ŠOŠKO GABRIJELA , PETAR SAŠA , ILIJAŠ-JURANIĆ BARBARA
Published: March 2019

Controlling workplace violence is often focused on the violence that comes from outside the organization. However, recent data show an alarming increase in violence, as well as physical and various forms of psychological violence that is happening just in the workplace within the organization itself. Considering the fact that the consequences of any form of workplace violence are various and very serious, as well as the fact that human capital is crucial for any organization, its prevention and control have an extremely important role. The focus of this paper is placed on the causes of workplace violence arising from the organization itself, and especially from the dominant organizational culture, and in this regard, on establishing their successful control. Changing organizational culture, given that it is a source located within the organization, represents the best means of establishing control of this phenomenon. Also, the resources, as well as the influence, that are at disposal to managers, whose role in creation of organizational culture and controlling of various aspects of safety is crucial, definitely should not be ignored. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the establishment of successful workplace violence control, as one of safety aspects, as well as increasing the awareness of this.
Key words:control, prevention, workplace violence
WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN DECISION - MAKING PROCESSES REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Nikolic Vesna , Stojanovic Sanja
Published: March 2019

According to the European Commission, environment protection is an area in which Serbia will have to make maximum efforts to fully meet European standards and requirements of sustainable development in the future. Problems of waste management is especially serious, and in the environmental protection system, it requires immediate attention of wider scientific circles and experts, but also participation and partnership of all members of our community. Starting from the guidelines and recommendations of a number of policy documents that promote partnership and gender equality as a prerequisite for future-oriented development and broader participation of women in decision-making regarding environmental protection, research interests of the authors of this paper are directed towards the problems of women's participation in waste management. The starting point of the study is a hypothesis that women are not sufficiently involved in the decision-making process relating to waste management issues. Within the descriptive research method, methods of primary and secondary source analysis, a comparative analysis and a non-standardized interview were used. The research sample consisted of employees of Public Utility Companies in the Region of Nis, which is included in the Regional Waste Management Plan. The research results indicate a need for women to organize themselves more effectively and efficiently in order to get access to positions that will allow them more power, and therefore become more influential in decision-making in all spheres of social and public life as well as in the field of waste management and environmental protection.
Key words:environmental protection, waste management, women, decision-making, sustainable development
AIRCRAFT NOISE METRICS
Authors: VASOV LJUBIŠA , STOJILJKOVIĆ BRANIMIR , ČOKORILO OLJA , MIROSAVLJEVIĆ PETAR , GVOZDENOVIĆ SLOBODAN
Published: March 2019

The problem of the aircraft noise is certainly one of the factors that affect not only at the planning of a new airports or expanding of the existing airports, but also at the aviation industry as a whole. In order to mitigate this problem, a series of a different measures are undertaken today, whose effects are finally evaluated by the application of an appropriate indices and the aircraft noise metrics. In this paper, a brief chronological review of the aircraft noise metrics development is shown, as well as their classification according to the different criteria. The analysis of the certain aircraft noise metrics, with the close attention to their interconnections, is accomplished. Additionally for the nowadays frequently used metrics and their advantages and limitations, special attention was given. An overview of the supplemental aircraft noise metrics, which are now proposed and as such can be accepted by the general public, is given.
Key words: aircraft, noise, metrics
Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caimanPaleosuchus trigonatus(Alligatoridae: Caimaninae)
Authors: Bittencourt Pedro Senna , Campos Zilca , Muniz Fábio de Lima , Marioni Boris , Souza Bruno Campos , Da Silveira Ronis , de Thoisy Benoit , Hrbek Tomas , Farias Izeni Pires
Published: March 2019

Schneider’s dwarf caimanPaleosuchus trigonatusis one of the smallest living crocodilians. Due to its broad distribution, cryptic behavior, and small home range, the species is well suited for the study of phylogeographic patterns on a continental scale. Additionally, this species is under threat due to habitat loss, trade and harvest, but is considered at low conservation risk by the IUCN. In the present study we test the hypothesis thatP. trigonatusis comprised of geographically structured lineages. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and single locus species discovery methods revealed the existence of two well-supported lineages withinP. trigonatus—an Amazonian and Guianan lineage. Fossil calibrated divergence of these lineages was estimated to have occurred in the Late Miocene (7.5 Ma). The hypothesis that the Atlantic coast drainages might have been colonized from the southeast or central Amazon is supported by demographic metrics and relatively low genetic diversity of the Coastal and upper Branco populations when compared to the Amazon basin populations. The Amazon basin lineage is structured along an east-west gradient, with a sharp transition in haplotype frequencies to the east and west of the Negro and Madeira rivers. These lineages are already under anthropogenic threat and, therefore, are conservation dependent. Recognition of these lineages will foster discussion of conservation future ofP. trigonatusand these lineages.
Analytical Solutions to Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation by Adomian Decomposition Technique
Authors: Adanhounme Villévo , Edah Gaston , Hounkonnou Norbert M.
Published: March 2019

We study the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation which takes care of the second as well as third order dispersion effects, cubic and quintic self phase modulations, self steepening and nonlinear dispersion effects. Taking advantage of the initial condition, we transform theprevious equation into a nonlinear functional equation to which we apply a powerful analytical method called the Adomian decomposition method. We compute the Adomian’s polynomials of corresponding infinite series solution. Assuming that the initial condition and all its derivatives converge to zero sufficiently rapidly as the time approaches to infinity, we established the convergence of the previous series. The last part of the paper describes applications resulting from nonlinear propagation phenomena in optical fibers. Numerical simulations are developed and it is further shown that comparison with other results yields a good qualitative agreement. These results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.
Diversity and Abundance of Foliage Insect Communities in Bitter Ground Field with Regard to Diurnal Rhythms within Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Abid Komal , Rana Naureen
Published: March 2019

Biodiversity is the variability of life on earth that boosts up the ecosystem productivity. Diversity and abundance are the key components that are beneficial for the present and future researchers to control many problems being faced by harmful insects and to promote beneficial insect population for ecosystem sustainability. Therefore, the present study was designed to find out the “Diversity and abundance of foliage insect communities in Bitter gourd field” under the ecological conditions of District Faisalabad. After completing the whole research trials as per methodology, total 211 specimens were collected belonging to 9 orders, 38 families, 63 genera and 73 species in morning and total 213 specimens were collected belonging to 8 orders, 42 families, 58 genera and 65 species in evening. So, keeping in view the importance of these aspects, calculations were made as per Shannon Diversity Index. In bitter gourd fields, maximum diversity was recorded as (1.0533) for evening, while least was recorded (1.0528) for morning and, maximum diversity (H′max) was recorded (2.3284) for evening and least (2.3243) for morning. Maximum evenness was (0.0229) for evening and least (0.0227) for morning while maximum dominance was (1.0229) for evening and least (1.0227) for morning. The maximum value for richness was recorded as (17.1230) for evening while least value (17.0443) for morning.
Super-sech Soliton Dynamics in Optical Metamaterials with Generally Parabolic Law of Nonlinearity Using Lagrangian Variational Method
Authors: Ayela Amour , Edah Gaston , Elloh Camille , Djossou Ga´etan
Published: March 2019

Aims/ Objectives: This paper studies the impact of the generally parabolic law of nonlinearity on the evolution of the energy of super-sech soliton dynamics.Study Design: generally parabolic law of nonlinearity terms study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology(FAST),

University of Abomey Calavi, B´ enin. between Febuary 2018 and January 2019.

Methodology: Variational approach, namely, the Lagrangian Variational Method (LVM) is presented. The different results are obtained using standard fourth order Runge-Kutta method for integration of the system of ordinary differential equation systems.Results: Dynamics of the different parameters (amplitude, center position, pulse width, chirp, frequency and phase) has been presented with respect to propagating distance.Conclusion: This study reveals that the generally parabolic law of nonlinearity terms don’t affect the energy of the system but influence the pulse phase.
Revealing the Critical Role of the Lone Pair Electrons of Bi3+ in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Mn‐Based BiMn2O5 Mullite Surface
Authors: Zhao Chunning , Li Huan , Wang Wanying , Xu Jinchao , Shao Bin , Wan Xiang , Yu Meng , Cheng Fangyi , Wang Weichao
Published: November 2024

There is a research gap regarding the role of lone pair electrons of post‐transition metal cations in catalysis field, yet such studies hold significant implications for expanding their applications. Herein, the role of Bi3+ ion lone pair electrons in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is elucidated using ternary mullite oxides as prototype catalysts. Among the three synthesized mullites ((Sm/Y/Bi)Mn2O5), BiMn2O5 exhibits notably superior ORR catalytic activity. Through advanced characterization techniques, including in situ Raman, in situ infrared, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, combined with theoretical calculations, it is determined that the superior electrocatalytic performance of BiMn2O5 originates from the lone pair electrons that activate catalytic sites through stereochemical effects. Specifically, the Bi3+ lone pair electrons in the 6s orbital near Fermi level interact with O 2p orbitals, causing a shift of the oxygen ligands, and significant variance in A─O bond lengths. This structural distortion of BiO8 coordination unit directly results in a large Mn─O bond angle at the active center of BiMn2O5 and strong covalent interactions, facilitating charge transfer and refining the adsorption behavior of oxygen intermediates to achieve the overpotential of 0.25 V vs. RHE. This study provides insights into developing next‐generation catalysts by harnessing the lone pair electrons of post‐transition metal cations.
Precisely Engineering of Ångström‐Scale Dual Single Atom Drive [Co‐O] Spin‐Orbit Coupling to Boost Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fu Yaning , Wang Nan , Huang Mengyao , Li Zhongjun , Lu Youcai , Liu Qingchao
Published: November 2024

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a novel area of investigation in lithium–oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries due to their distinctive synergistic mechanisms. However, achieving precise control of the active site structure and unraveling the synergistic effects of bimetallic species remains a significant challenge. Here, the study reports a pre‐encapsulated pyrolysis strategy using a Co‐based Robson‐type binuclear complex as a precursor to mediate the synthesis of dual single‐atom Co (Co‐DAC) with precise angstrom‐scale inter‐site distance configuration, serving as an efficient catalyst for Li‐O2 batteries. The tailored structure induces significant charge redistribution, reducing crystal field splitting energy (ΔO). The high‐spin Co species generate a strong electronic driving force, forming flexible σ and δ‐like bonds with the crucial oxygen intermediate (*O). Simultaneously, enhanced Co‐O spin‐orbit coupling facilitates electron transport along the bridging O‐channel, forming highly active Co‐O‐O‐Co electron chains that synergistically adsorb *O, establishing a favorable reaction pathway. Significant optimization of Li‐O2 batteries redox kinetics is achieved based on the well‐defined local structure of dual single‐atom Co sites. This work enhances the understanding of the dependence between rational design of custom structures and corresponding electron transfer dynamics, while providing new strategies and theoretical guidance for DACs to help develop high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries.
Controllable Design of “Nested Doll” MoS2/V2O3 Heterostructures Promotes Polarization Effects for High‐Efficiency Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhao Jiarui , Wang Zhen , Wang Hao , Liu Panbo , Che Renchao
Published: November 2024

Special multilayer heterostructures and lattice modulation play a crucial role in the field of microwave absorption. Herein, a unique “nested doll” MoS2/V2O3 heterostructures are synthesized via crystal epitaxy growth and solvothermal strategy. The synchronized modulation of lattice spacing and interfacial vacancies in MoS2 nanosheets is achieved by adjusting the S2⁻ concentration. A high concentration of S2⁻ expands the MoS2 lattice spacing and increases interfacial vacancies, facilitating the precise modulation of the orderly arrangement of MoS2‐V2O3‐MoS2 layers and inducing interfacial polarization. By increasing the number of V2O3‐MoS2 layers from two to five, a built‐in electric field is formed, which enhances charge transfer from the MoS2 surface to the V2O3 core. The introduction of vacancies reduces the MoS2 band gap, lowers the electron hopping barrier, increases dielectric loss, and ultimately synergistically improves microwave absorption (MA). As a result, the “nested doll” MoS2/V2O3‐5 (5 layers) microspheres exhibit superior MA behavior compared to other MoS2/V2O3 absorbers. The reflection loss reaches −69.65 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 7.68 GHz. These discoveries have contributed to the further development of multilayer heterostructures and improved advances in the theory of energy band structures and electromagnetic properties.
Thermal and Mechanical Robust Solid‐Solid Phase Change Materials Enabled by Reactive Crosslinkable Poly(Ethylene Glycol)s via Facile Thiol‐Ene Photo‐Click Chemistry
Authors: Wang Minghang , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: November 2024

Solid–solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) are among the most promising candidates for thermal energy storage and management. Excellent shape stability, high heat storage capacity, and satisfying mechanical properties are essential for the practical applications of SSPCMs, yet giving PCMs these characteristics at the same time remains an unmet challenge. Herein, the synthesis of PEG‐PVEG copolymers is reported with various vinyl content using a synergistic catalysis strategy, leading to novel cross‐linked PEG‐based SSPCMs via a thiol‐ene photo‐crosslinking reaction. These PCMs exhibit excellent shape stability and remarkable energy storage capabilities with latent heat up to 128.3 J g−1. The materials exhibit exceptional thermal stability and retain their energy storage capacity after 500 heating‐cooling cycles. Notably, the materials show superior mechanical strength and excellent toughness. Furthermore, the latent heat enthalpy can be further improved to 146.8 J g−1 without erosion of shape stability by the encapsulation of PEG into present SSPCM. The enhancement of both thermal and electrical conductivities is also demonstrated by the phase change composites (PCCs) incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Overall, this study presents a convenient and feasible strategy for developing SSPCMs with excellent shape stability, high latent heat and satisfying mechanical properties for thermal management.
Scalable Processing of Glass with Multi‐Functional Cu Coating
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Xuelu , Xing Yan , Liu Guanghua , Wu Hui , Pan Wei
Published: November 2024

Functional glass has been intensively studied as a future material with improved comfort, safety, and practicality across a variety of settings, including industrial, and residential environments. The integration of copper coatings on glass is noteworthy for its broad‐spectrum germicidal properties. When applied to frequently touched surfaces, this copper‐enhanced glass plays a crucial role in controlling infections, underscoring its significance in healthcare and public health contexts. Herein, an innovative approach for processing multifunctional copper coating on glass through atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is introduced. The Cu coating demonstrates remarkable bactericidal efficiency against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, achieving a 99.9% inhibition rate within 5 h. Moreover, the coating maintains its biocidal effectiveness for up to 3 days against these bacterial strains. The Cu coated glass also incorporates an electrical heating function. This feature allows the glass to increase its surface temperature by ≈7 °C with a minimal power load of 2V. The coating's transparency is variable and can be adjusted through the APS parameters, depending on the desired copper surface coverage. The combination of superior antibacterial properties and electrical heating capability makes the Cu coated glass as high‐performance material for medical applications, offering dual functions of infection control and temperature regulation.
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Process Optimization for High‐Performance Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Jeong Jeehyun , Park Suyeon , Park Juhyung , Song Jeonghan , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: November 2024

Optimizing the processing conditions of conjugated polymers is a key step in improving the performance of various organic electronic devices, including organic thermoelectric (TE) devices that are capable of harvesting energy from waste heat. However, the inherent structural and energetic disorders in these materials and their unpredictable property changes after processing complicate the optimization principles, requiring numerous trial‐and‐error experiments to maximize the TE performance. Here, a machine‐learning (ML)‐based design of experiments approach is introduced to address these challenges, and its effectiveness is demonstrated using a representative thiophene‐based doped polymer system for organic TE. This approach not only helps to quantitatively understand how each processing parameter affects the TE properties of the polymer but also facilitates the prediction of optimal processing conditions, leading to achieve maximum TE performance with minimal experiments within a large parameter space. Furthermore, the ML‐based approach is validated by revealing the origins of the power factor maximization at the ML‐predicted processing conditions through analysis of the morphology and electronic states of the doped polymer films. The proposed methodology is applicable to the majority of polymer systems for organic thermoelectric energy conversion and will provide guidelines for determining optimal process conditions and improving TE performance with minimal effort.
Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Isoindigo‐based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Trabolsi Ali , Das Gobinda , Roy Suprobhat Singha , Abou Ibrahim Fayrouz , Merhi Areej , Dirawi Huda N. , Benyettou Farah , Das Akshaya Kumar , Prakasam Thirumurugan , Varghese Sabu , Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Kirmizialtin Serdal , Jagannathan Ramesh , Gándara Felipe , Aouad Samer , Olson Mark A. , Kundu Subrata , Kaafarani Bilal R.
Published: November 2024

Developing a low‐cost, robust, and high‐performance electrocatalyst capable of efficiently performing both the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both basic and acidic conditions is a major challenge. This area of research has attracted much attention in recent decades due to its importance in energy storage and conversion. Herein, we report the synthesis of two imine‐linked isoindigo‐based covalent organic networks.  The combination of isoindigo dialdehyde with a planar triazine core, leads to the formation of thin, highly crystalline, planar 2D‐nanosheets covalent organic framework (I‐TTA COF), whereas its combination with ionic non‐planar guanidinium core leads to an amorphous covalent organic polymer (I‐TG COP) with a fibrous morphology. The sheet‐like crystalline I‐TTA COF shows better electrocatalytic activity compared to the amorphous fibrous I‐TG COP. I‐TTA exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of ~134 mV for HER (in 0.5 M H2SO4) and ~283 mV for OER (in 1 M KOH). The electrocatalytic activity of the I‐TTA COF in the OER exceeds that of other metal‐free COFs. The catalytic activity is maintained even after 24 hours of chronoamperometry and 500 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV) at high scan rates.
Quantitative assessment of masticatory muscles based on skull muscle attachment areas in Carnivora
Authors: Ito Kai , Kubo Mugino O. , Kodera Ryo , Takeda Sei‐ichiro , Endo Hideki
Published: November 2024

Masticatory muscles are composed of the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles in mammals. Each muscle has a different origin on the skull and insertion on the mandible; thus, all masticatory muscles contract in different directions. Collecting in vivo data and directly measuring the masticatory muscles anatomically in various Carnivora species is practically problematic. This is because some carnivorans can be ferocious, rare, or even extinct. Consequently, the most practical method to collect data on the force generated by the masticatory muscle is to estimate the force based on skulls. The physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of each masticatory muscle, which correlates to the maximum force that can be produced by a muscle, was quantified. Using computed tomography, we defined the three‐dimensional measurement area for 32 carnivoran species based on the origin and insertion of masticatory muscles specified by observable crests, ridges, and scars. Subsequent allometric analysis relating the measurement area on skull surface to the PCSA for each masticatory muscle measured in fresh specimens revealed a strong correlation between the two variables. This finding indicates that within Carnivora, an estimation of absolute masticatory muscle PCSA can be derived from measurements area on skull surface. This method allows for the use of cranial specimens, housed in museums and research institutions, that lack preserved masticatory muscles in quantitative studies involving masticatory muscle PCSA. This approach facilitates comprehensive discussions on the masticatory muscle morphology of Carnivora, including rare and extinct species.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Novel Schiff Base Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Derived from 4‐nitro‐ortho‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Sindhu Indu , Singh Anshul , Deswal Yogesh , Gupta Neeraj Mohan
Published: November 2024

A condensation reaction was carried out between 4‐nitro‐ortho‐phenylenediamine and 5‐bromosalicyaldehyde to synthesize a novel Schiff base ligand 2,2′‐[(1E,1′E)‐(4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylene) bis (azaneylylidene) bis (methaneylylidene)] bis (4‐bromophenol) [NB] in the current investigation. This was followed by the synthesis of metallic complexes comprising the Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) transition metal ions. A hexadentate environment encircling metal complexes was corroborated by the results of varied spectroscopic methods that were employed to unravel the structure of the ligand and metal complexes. The Tauc's plot and Urbach energy were utilized for quantifying the optical energy band gap to provide insight into optical characteristics. The Coats‐Redfern method of thermal analysis was implemented to do the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. Furthermore, DFT studies were performed to predict geometrical structures and the stability of the compounds. Thorough investigation to evaluate their biological efficacies, docking studies was executed against COVID‐19 main protease (PDB‐7VAH), Dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease (PDB‐2FOM) and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (PDB‐5AF3). Apart from this, in silico ADMET studies were also accomplished for elucidation of drug likeness characteristics and the results attained disclose the significant proficiency of synthesized compounds. Besides this, antimicrobial studies were assessed with different microbial strains and result validates cobalt and zinc complexes as most potent against the selected bacterial and fungal strains.
Taraxasterol Acetate From Taraxacum officinale Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice in Association With Changes of the Metabolism and Structure of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Jin Li , Li Man , He Beihui , Li Liqin , Liu Yingchao , Zhang Jizhou , Wang Biao , Sun Chengtao , Kai Guoyin
Published: November 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with the structural and metabolic disorders of gut microbiota. Taraxasterol acetate (TSA) from Taraxacum officinale (TO) has anti‐inflammatory activity. In this study, to investigate the therapeutic potential of TSA and its mechanism of action in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC. The anti‐inflammatory effects of TSA were evaluated in vitro. DSS‐induced UC animal models and TSA gavage were employed for in vivo experiments. The results indicated that TSA showed good anti‐inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, and the anti‐UC effect of TSA was better than that of the extract in vivo. TSA relieved clinical symptoms in DSS‐induced UC mice and repaired the intestinal barrier. TSA restored the structural disorder of gut microbiota and regulated metabolic levels in DSS‐induced UC mice. This study provides a fresh perspective on developing new therapeutic methods against UC using the traditional Chinese medicine TSA.
Crossproduct Effect and Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Xu Jiafu , Wu Xinyu , Xie Haibin
Published: November 2024

This paper explores if the crossproduct of return and realized volatility measure contributes to volatility forecasting. We find there is an asymmetric crossproduct effect in volatility and propose a realized asymmetric GARCH (henceforth RealAGARCH) model. The RealAGARCH model is a generalization to the absolute GARCH and the asymmetric GARCH. Moreover, the RealAGARCH model has a news impact surface instead of a news impact curve, which makes it different from other GARCH‐like models. Empirical performance of the RealAGARCH model is evaluated on a variety of stock indices, and the results show dominance of RealAGARCH over the benchmark RealGARCH judging by either in‐sample or out‐of‐sample forecasting performance. A battery of checks confirm the robustness of our findings and thus the importance of incorporating crossproduct effect into volatility forecasting.
The impact of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries on the interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications of subsequent delivery: A retrospective study
Authors: Birenstock Talia , Yahav Lior , Weintraub Adi Y. , Shmuel Atar Ben , Yohay Zehava , Eshkoli Tamar
Published: November 2024

Objective

Our primary objective was to evaluate the interpregnancy interval (IPI) of women who have experienced obstetric anal sphincter injuries during delivery. Additionally, we compared adverse perinatal outcomes in subsequent deliveries following obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in women with longer and shorter IPIs.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included women who had a subsequent pregnancy following OASIS and women without a history of such injuries, who delivered in a tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2019. Data were retrieved from patient computerized medical records. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the IPI defined as the time from delivery to the last menstruation prior to the subsequent delivery. Data analysis for our secondary objective was performed using mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables.

Results

During the study period, 233 women experienced OASIS (0.27%), of whom 142 met the study criteria. There was no significant difference in the mean IPI between women in the two groups. However, women were significantly more likely to have a repeat perineal tear (49 [34.5%], P < 0.001), an episiotomy (16 [11.3%], P < 0.001), and an elective or an emergency cesarean section (60 [42.3%], P < 0.001) in their subsequent delivery. There was no difference in pregnancy outcomes among women who had a long compared with a short IPI.

Conclusions

Women do not delay or avoid childbirth after experiencing OASIS. However, women are more likely to experience perineal tears, episiotomies, or a cesarean delivery in the subsequent pregnancy.
Frailty as a Risk Factor for Chronic Sinusitis: Insights from a Nationwide Cross‐sectional Survey
Authors: Chen Han , Wang Lin , Zhang Jisheng , Yan Xudong , Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the connection between frailty and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using a representative sample from the Korean population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 24,269 participants initially, with data sourced from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database. Frailty was assessed using the modified frailty phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI), with criteria tailored for the KNHANES dataset. CRS was identified based on the self‐reported medical history of participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the correlation between CRS and frailty.

Results

The prevalence of CRS among frail individuals was higher than that in the non‐frail group. Frailty status (assessed by FP) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.484, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.217, 1.809) and frailty status (assessed by FI) (OR = 1.571, 95% CI: 1.107, 2,230) were associated with an elevated risk of CRS, particularly in individuals aged 40–60 years (OR = 1.826, 95% CI: 1.245, 2.680) and ≥61 years (OR = 1.549, 95% CI: 1.067, 2.249), as well as those with an education level below high school (OR = 1.717, 95% CI: 1.124, 2.624). The heightened risk of CRS associated with frailty may be attributed to increased levels of slowness (OR = 1.606, 95% CI: 1.255, 2.054) and emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.363, 95% CI: 1.158, 1.604).

Conclusion

This study supported a link between frailty and CRS, potentially induced by slowness and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that effective interventions for preventing frailty should be developed to manage CRS incidence.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Analyzing electronic medical records to extract prepregnancy morbidities and pregnancy complications: Toward a learning health system
Authors: Belsti Yitayeh , Moran Lisa , Mousa Aya , Goldstein Rebecca , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Kebede Mihiretu M. , Teede Helena , Enticott Joanne
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Preexisting and pregnancy‐related medical conditions frequently co‐occur, leading to multimorbidity (≥2 morbidities) in pregnant women, and much of this information is in semi‐structured format in electronic medical records (EMRs). The aim was to advance the learning health system as a platform for automating information extraction from EMRs and to uncover the prevalence of common morbidities during pregnancy and their association with pregnancy‐related complications.

Methods

This study included 48 502 pregnant women attending Monash Health maternity hospitals from 2016 to 2021. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to extract morbidities from semi‐structured text in EMRs. Chi‐squared tests were used to assess the association between morbidities of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other pregnancy complications. The k‐means clustering algorithm identified clusters of comorbid conditions associated with GDM.

Results

The most common comorbidities during pregnancy were vitamin deficiency (14 019; 28.9%), overweight (13 918; 28.7%), obesity (11 026; 22.7%), anemia and other blood‐related disorders (4821; 9.9%), mental health disorders (4314; 9.8%), asthma (4126; 8.5%), thyroid diseases (3576; 7.4%), endometrial disease (1927; 3.9%), cardiovascular disease (1525; 3.1%), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (1464; 3.0%). While 22.5% of women had no medical conditions, 77.5% had one or more. Multimorbidity was associated with conditions including overweight, obesity, vitamin deficiency, thyroid disease, substance use, PCOS, GDM, and endometrial diseases. On cluster analysis, aged 35 years or older, overweight, vitamin deficiency, obesity, thyroid disease, asthma, uterine disease, other blood disorders, mental disorders, and PCOS were associated with GDM.

Conclusions

More than three‐quarters of pregnant women in the Australian urban setting experienced one or more morbidities during pregnancy, which can be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This project contributes to developing a learning health system infrastructure to deliver high‐value maternal health care while reducing costs.
Combined diet and exercise training decreases serum lipids associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Broussard Josiane L. , Garfield Amanda , Zarini Simona , Brozinick Joseph T. , Perreault Leigh , Newsom Sean A. , Kahn Darcy , Kerege Anna , Berry Karin Zemski , Bui Hai Hoang , Bergman Bryan C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Circulating lipids are linked with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We previously reported that dihydroceramides, a specific type of sphingolipid, are elevated in insulin‐resistant individuals; however, little is known regarding whether insulin‐sensitizing lifestyle interventions can improve profiles of sphingolipids and other lipid species.

Methods

A total of 21 individuals with obesity participated in a 3‐month lifestyle intervention of combined weight loss and exercise training. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamps, and serum lipidomics was conducted.

Results

Following the intervention, BMI was significantly reduced by 10%; VO2peak and insulin sensitivity increased by 12% and 57%, respectively; and total serum triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol, dihydroceramides, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, and sphinganine‐1‐phosphate were significantly reduced, as were specific species of dihydroceramides (C18:0 and C24:1). Individuals with higher preintervention TAG concentrations had significant decreases in serum lipids, which were not significantly changed in individuals with lower preintervention TAG.

Conclusions

These data show that serum sphingolipid species previously linked to insulin resistance in humans can be reduced with insulin‐sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Furthermore, individuals with elevated serum TAG may significantly benefit from lifestyle interventions that increase insulin sensitivity due to a greater decrease in serum lipids related to insulin resistance.