bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bertoyas dans la jungle. Bande dessinée et édition sauvage
Authors: Crucifix Benoît , Moura1 Pedro
Published: December 2016

L’oeuvre de Jean-Michel Bertoyas est majoritairement constituée de fanzines de bande dessinée auto-publiés, caractérisés par un style brut et un usage particulier du détournement et du collage. Le cas de Bertoyas nous invite à prolonger la réflexion initiée par le groupe ACME sur l’indépendance en bande dessinée, en approfondissant les dynamiques qui caractérisent l’« édition sauvage ». À travers une poétique mineure, Bertoyas revendique en effet une adhérence au milieu de la micro-édition et du fanzinat comme lieu de résistance à une certaine institutionnalisation et domestication de la bande dessinée. L’analyse des supports matériels et des modes de circulation de son oeuvre, ainsi que de l’esthétique particulière qui s’en dégage, permettra de déployer, à partir d’un cas spécifique, une réflexion plus approfondie sur les rapports entre le fanzinat et d’autres formes d’indépendance éditoriale en bande dessinée.
Quand un blog devient une oeuvre : L’Autofictif d’Éric Chevillard
Authors: Vrydaghs David
Published: December 2016

L’Autofictifest à la fois un blog ouvert par l’écrivain français Éric Chevillard en septembre 2007 et un journal intime publié annuellement depuis 2008 aux Éditions de L’Arbre Vengeur (chaque volume reprend tous les textes de l’année écoulée, qui sont alors effacés du site). Cette double identité, sur les plans matériel et générique, a notamment pour effet de créer deux contextes de réception différents, comme la critique l’a très tôt noté. La double matérialité de l’objet implique aussi, plus radicalement, de le considérer comme deux produits culturels distincts. Il y a ainsi un « effet-blog », détaillé notamment par Marie-Ève Thérenty, qui travaille l’écriture. Mais joue aussi ce que l’on pourrait appeler, par contraste, un « effet-livre ». Si celui-ci a déjà été abordé par certains travaux, il a moins retenu l’attention que le précédent. C’est à l’étude de cet effet-livre que cet article est consacré.
La périphérie en héritage
Authors: Inkel Stéphane
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose de situer la place de la dimension religieuse dans le « moment
instituant » de la conscience de soi du Canada français au milieu du xixe siècle, pour ensuite cerner cette mémoire problématique à travers
l’analyse des deux premiers romans de Gaétan Soucy, qui expriment le déplacement d’un
contenu désormais invisible et spectral et les effets potentiellement catastrophiques d’un
retour du refoulé. Poursuivant cette analyse à travers la lecture d’Atavismes de
Raymond Bock, l’article met également en rapport cette hantise sans objet
définissable de la périphérie que le recueil met en scène, périphérie que le
film Carcasses de Denis Côté nous permet de cerner dans toutes ses composantes, en
se plaisant à mettre en images un monde fortement ritualisé, ouvert à l’invisible, où la
périphérie est une sorte de parenthèse inscrite dans l’histoire de l’Amérique, un arrêt sur
image menant à de nouveaux possibles à construire. Il s’agit ainsi de mesurer jusqu’à quel
point cette marginalité à l’égard du monde et de l’histoire recoupe — et prolonge — la
« sortie du monde » proprement catholique d’une communauté ayant choisi à un moment de son
histoire, pour des raisons diverses et selon des degrés évidemment variables, de se replier
sur elle-même.
Development of Fuzzy Based Intelligent Decision Model to Optimize the Blind Spots in Heavy Transport Vehicles
Authors: Pandian Pitchipoo , Devanayagam Sundaram Vincent , Sivaprakasam Rajakarunakaran
Published: December 2016

Statistics reveals that the visual problems are the primereasons for a larger number of road accidents. The blind spotis the major problem related to vision. The aim of this studyis to develop a fuzzy-based multi criteria decision-makingmodel for optimizing the area of the blind spot in the frontand sides of a heavy transport vehicle. To achieve this, thestatistical tool ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and multi criteriaoptimization techniques like TOPSIS (Technique for Orderof Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), FAHP (FuzzyAnalytical Hierarchy Process) and GRA (Grey RelationalAnalysis) were also used in this problem This paper consistsof three modules: first, the blind spots of the existing bodystructure dimension used in heavy vehicles were studiedand the optimal design parameters were determined by usingANOVA and TOPSIS methodologies; next, the weights ofthe design parameters were calculated using FAHP method.Finally, GRA-based Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)approach has been used to rank the vehicle body structures.The proposed model has been implemented in a transportcorporation to compare four different types of body structuresand concluded that the body structure which was builtby an outsourced body builder is having a smaller area ofblind spot and optimal design parameters as well.
The Use of Cooperative Approach in Ramp Metering
Authors: Gregurić Martin , Ivanjko Edouard , Mandžuka Sadko
Published: December 2016

To ensure higher Level of Service (LoS) at urban motorways,new traffic control concepts are being applied since in most cases there is no available space for infrastructural build-up. For urban motorways, the mostly used control methods are ramp metering combined with additional control methods like variable speed limit control (VSLC). This paper gives a review of the current ramp metering approaches with special emphasis on cooperative control concepts between ramp metering, VSLC, prohibiting lane changes system and the vehicle itself. Additionally, a learning framework for ramp metering proposed by the authors is described. The CTMSIM Matlab based macroscopic motorway simulator with ramp metering control support is used for the simulation of selected ramp metering approaches. The simulatoris also augmented to enable the development and implementation of cooperative ramp metering approaches. TheZagreb bypass is used as test case for evaluation of severaldifferent ramp metering algorithms.
Should HIV testing for all pregnant women continue? Cost‐effectiveness of universal antenatal testing compared to focused approaches across high to very low HIV prevalence settings
Authors: Ishikawa Naoko , Dalal Shona , Johnson Cheryl , Hogan Daniel R , Shimbo Takuro , Shaffer Nathan , Pendse Razia N , Lo Ying‐Ru , Ghidinelli Massimo N , Baggaley Rachel
Published: December 2016

Introduction

HIV testing is the entry point for the elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV. Decreasing external funding for the HIV response in some low‐ and middle‐income countries has triggered the question of whether a focused approach to HIV testing targeting pregnant women in high‐burden areas should be considered. This study aimed at determining and comparing the cost‐effectiveness of universal and focused HIV testing approaches for pregnant women across high to very low HIV prevalence settings.

Methods

We conducted a modelling analysis on health and cost outcomes of HIV testing for pregnant women using four country‐based case scenarios (Namibia, Kenya, Haiti and Viet Nam) to illustrate high, intermediate, low and very low HIV prevalence settings. We used subnational prevalence data to divide each country into high‐, medium‐ and low‐burden areas, and modelled different antenatal and testing coverage in each.

Results

When HIV testing services were only focused in high‐burden areas within a country, mother‐to‐child transmission rates remained high ranging from 18 to 23%, resulting in a 25 to 69% increase in new paediatric HIV infections and increased future treatment costs for children. Universal HIV testing was found to be dominant (i.e. more QALYs gained with less cost) compared to focused approaches in the Namibia, Kenya and Haiti scenarios. The universal approach was also very cost‐effective compared to focused approaches, with $ 125 per quality‐adjusted life years gained in the Viet Nam‐based scenario of very low HIV prevalence. Sensitivity analysis further supported the findings.

Conclusions

Universal approach to antenatal HIV testing achieves the best health outcomes and is cost‐saving or cost‐effective in the long term across the range of HIV prevalence settings. It is further a prerequisite for quality maternal and child healthcare and for the elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV.
Multiband enhanced absorption of monolayer graphene with attenuated total reflectance configuration and sensing application
Authors: Wang Nan , Bu Lingbing , Chen Yunyun , Zheng Gaige , Zou Xiujuan , Xu Linhua , Wang Jicheng
Published: December 2016

An enhanced absorption of monolayer graphene is obtained in a multilayer film-based attenuated total reflectance configuration in the visible wavelength range. The enhanced absorption under transverse magnetic and electric conditions is associated with the excitation of the waveguide mode in the thin-film layer, which is verified by the numerical calculation of field profiles. The obtained results manifest that the model induces a high field enhancement at the graphene–dielectric interface with the resonant angle, which implies potential sensing applications. The magnitude of the figure of merit is found to be three times higher than that of a conventional surface plasmon sensor.
Functional characterisation of phagocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Jia Zhihao , Zhang Tao , Wang Lingling , Qiu Limei , Sun Jinsheng , Song Linsheng
Published: December 2016

Invertebrates lack canonical adaptive immunity and mainly rely on innate immune system to fight against pathogens. The phagocytes, which could engulf and kill microbial pathogens, are likely to be of great importance and have to undertake significant roles in invertebrate immune defense. In the present study, flow cytometry combined with histological and lectin staining was employed to characterise functional features of phagocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Based on the cell size and cellular contents, haemocytes were categorised into three cell types, i.e., granulocytes, semigranulocytes and agranulocytes. Agranulocytes with smaller cell volume and lower cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio did not show phagocytic activity, while semigranulocytes and agranulocytes exhibited larger cell volume, higher cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio and phagocytic activity. In addition, granulocytes with higher side scatter (SSC) exhibited higher phagocytic activity than that of semigranulocytes. When β-integrin and lectin-like receptors were blocked by RGD tripeptide and carbohydrates, respectively, the phagocytic activity of both granulocytes and semigranulocytes was significantly inhibited, indicating that β-integrin and certain lectin-like receptors were involved in phagocytosis towards microbes. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide but not peptidylglycan could enhance phagocytic activity of granulocytes and semigranulocytes towards Vibrio splendidus and Staphylococcus aureus. Lectin staining analysis revealed that Lycopersicon esculentum lectin (LEL), binding the epitope polylactosamine, was highly distributed on the extracellular cell surface of phagocytes, and could be utilized as a potential molecular marker to differentiate phagocytes from non-phagocytic haemocytes. The results, collectively, provide knowledge on the functional characters of oyster phagocytes, which would contribute to deep investigation of cell typing and cellular immunity in bivalves.
Blood circulation in the ascidian tunicateCorella inflata(Corellidae)
Authors: Konrad Michael W.
Published: December 2016

The body of the ascidian tunicateCorella inflatais relatively transparent. Thus, the circulatory system can be visualized by injecting high molecular weight fluorescein labeled dextran into the heart or the large vessels at the ends of the heart without surgery to remove the body wall. In addition, after staining with neutral red, the movement of blood cells can be easily followed to further characterize the circulatory system. The heart is two gently curved concentric tubes extending across the width of the animal. The inner myocardial tube has a partial constriction approximately in the middle. As in other tunicates, the heart is peristaltic and periodically reverses direction. During the branchial phase blood leaves the anterior end of the heart by two asymmetric vessels that connect to the two sides of the branchial basket. Blood then flows in both transverse directions through a complex system of ducts in the basket into large ventral and dorsal vessels which carry blood back to the visceral organs in the posterior of the animal. During the visceral phase blood leaves the posterior end of the heart in two vessels that repeatedly bifurcate and fan into the stomach and gonads. Blood velocity, determined by following individual cells in video frames, is high and pulsatory near the heart. A double peak in velocity at the maximum may be due to the constriction in the middle of the heart tube. Blood velocity progressively decreases with distance from the heart. In peripheral regions with vessels of small diameter blood cells frequently collide with vessel walls and cell motion is erratic. The estimated volume of blood flow during each directional phase is greater than the total volume of the animal. Circulating blood cells are confined to vessels or ducts in the visible parts of the animal and retention of high molecular weight dextran in the vessels is comparable to that seen in vertebrates. These are characteristics of a closed circulatory system.
Barriers to peer-reviewed journal article publication of abstracts presented at the 2006–2008 Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference and Research Agenda Conference Meetings
Authors: Bakkum Barclay W. , Chapman Cynthia
Published: December 2016

Objective:

We investigated the self-reported barriers to publication for authors of abstracts presented at the most recent chiropractic scientific meetings for which publication rates are known, that is the 2006 to 2008 Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference and Research Agenda Conference (ACC/RAC) meetings.

Methods

A 4-question electronic survey was sent via email to 1 of the listed authors for each abstract not published as a full paper within 4 years of the 2006 to 2008 ACC/RAC meetings. Each author was asked to complete the survey for only 1 abstract. Taking into account authors who appeared on more than 1 abstract, a link to the electronic survey was emailed to 111 potential participants.

Results

Of 111 participants, 67 completed a survey for a return rate of 60%. Over 80% (55/67) of the respondents were chiropractors who were faculty members at educational institutions. Of the subjects, 30% (20/67) indicated that the meeting abstract had either been published after 2012 or still was in the publishing process. For those who had not submitted a manuscript for publication, the most frequently cited barriers to publishing were pursuit of publishing as a low priority followed by a lack of time to prepare a manuscript.

Conclusion

The main barriers to publishing in this sample were that publishing had a low priority compared to other possible uses of the abstract author's time and a perceived lack of time to pursue the publication process.
Volcanic eruption volume flux estimations from very long period infrasound signals
Authors: Yamada Taishi , Aoyama Hiroshi , Nishimura Takeshi , Iguchi Masato , Hendrasto Muhamad
Published: December 2016

We examine very long period infrasonic signals accompanying volcanic eruptions near active vents at Lokon‐Empung volcano in Indonesia, Aso, Kuchinoerabujima, and Kirishima volcanoes in Japan. The excitation of the very long period pulse is associated with an explosion, the emerging of an eruption column, and a pyroclastic density current. We model the excitation of the infrasound pulse, assuming a monopole source, to quantify the volume flux and cumulative volume of erupting material. The infrasound‐derived volume flux and cumulative volume can be less than half of the video‐derived results. A largely positive correlation can be seen between the infrasound‐derived volume flux and the maximum eruption column height. Therefore, our result suggests that the analysis of very long period volcanic infrasound pulses can be helpful in estimating the maximum eruption column height.
The Coriolis effect on mass wasting during the Rheasilvia impact on asteroid Vesta
Authors: Otto K. A. , Jaumann R. , Krohn K. , Spahn F. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T.
Published: December 2016

We investigate the influence of the Coriolis force on mass motion related to the Rheasilvia impact on asteroid Vesta. Observations by the NASA Dawn mission revealed a pattern of curved radial ridges, which are related to Coriolis‐deflected mass‐wasting during the initial modification stage of the crater. Utilizing the projected curvature of the mass‐wasting trajectories, we developed a method that enabled investigation of the initial mass wasting of the Rheasilvia impact by observational means. We demonstrate that the Coriolis force can strongly affect the crater formation processes on rapidly rotating objects, and we derive the material's velocities (28.9 ± 22.5 m/s), viscosities (1.5–9.0 × 106 Pa s) and coefficients of friction (0.02–0.81) during the impact modification stage. The duration of the impact modification stage could be estimated to (1.1 ± 0.5) h. By analyzing the velocity distribution with respect to the topography, we deduce that the Rheasilvia impactor hit a heterogeneous target and that the initial crater walls were significantly steeper during the modification stage.
Modulation of Bjerknes feedback on the decadal variations in ENSO predictability
Authors: Zheng Fei , Fang Xiang‐Hui , Zhu Jiang , Yu Jin‐Yi , Li Xi‐Chen
Published: December 2016

Clear decadal variations exist in the predictability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with the most recent decade having the lowest ENSO predictability in the past six decades. The Bjerknes Feedback (BF) intensity, which dominates the development of ENSO, has been proposed to determine ENSO predictability. Here we demonstrate that decadal variations in BF intensity are largely a result of the sensitivity of the zonal winds to the zonal sea level pressure (SLP) gradient in the equatorial Pacific. Furthermore, the results show that during low‐ENSO predictability decades, zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific are more linked to SLP variations in the off‐equatorial Pacific, which can then transfer this information into surface temperature and precipitation fields through the BF, suggesting a weakening in the ocean‐atmosphere coupling in the tropical Pacific. This result indicates that more attention should be paid to off‐equatorial processes in the prediction of ENSO.
Meander cutoffs nonlocally accelerate upstream and downstream migration and channel widening
Authors: Schwenk Jon , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: December 2016

The hydrologic and sediment dynamics within and near cutoffs have long been studied, establishing them as effective agents of rapid local geomorphic change. However, the morphodynamic impact of individual cutoffs at the reachwide scale remains unknown, mainly due to insufficient observations of channel adjustments over large areal extents and at high temporal frequency. Here we show via annually resolved, Landsat‐derived channel masks of the dynamic meandering Ucayali River in Peru that cutoffs act as perturbations that nonlocally accelerate river migration and drive channel widening both upstream and downstream of the cutoff locations. By tracking planform changes of individual meander bends near cutoffs, we find that the downstream distance of cutoff influence scales linearly with the length of the removed reach. The discovery of nonlocal cutoff influence supports the hypothesis of “avalanche”‐type behavior in meander cutoff dynamics and presents new challenges in modeling and prediction of rivers' self‐adjusting responses to perturbations.
Does the wind systematically energize or damp ocean eddies?
Authors: Wilson Chris
Published: December 2016

Globally, mesoscale ocean eddies are a key component of the climate system, involved in transport and mixing of heat, carbon, and momentum. However, they represent one of the major challenges of climate modeling, as the details of their nonlinear dynamics affect all scales. Recent progress analyzing satellite observations of the surface ocean and atmosphere has uncovered energetic interactions between the atmospheric wind stress and ocean eddies that may change our understanding of key processes affecting even large‐scale climate. Wind stress acts systematically on ocean eddies and may explain observed asymmetry in the distribution of eddies and details of their lifecycle of growth and decay. These findings provide powerful guidance for climate model development.
Reexamination of the magnitudes for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes using Japanese tsunami amplitudes: Implications for source depth constraints
Authors: Carvajal M. , Cisternas M. , Gubler A. , Catalán P. A. , Winckler P. , Wesson R. L.
Published: December 2016

Far‐field tsunami records from the Japanese tide gauge network allow the reexamination of the moment magnitudes (Mw) for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes, which to date rely on limited information mainly from seismological observations alone. Tide gauges along the Japanese coast provide extensive records of tsunamis triggered by six great (Mw >8) Chilean earthquakes with instrumentally determined moment magnitudes. These tsunami records are used to explore the dependence of tsunami amplitudes in Japan on the parent earthquake magnitude of Chilean origin. Using the resulting regression parameters together with tide gauge amplitudes measured in Japan we estimate apparent moment magnitudes of Mw 8.0–8.2 and Mw 8.5–8.6 for the 1906 central and 1922 north‐central Chile earthquakes. The large discrepancy of the 1906 magnitude estimated from the tsunami observed in Japan as compared with those previously determined from seismic waves (Ms 8.4) suggests a deeper than average source with reduced tsunami excitation. A deep dislocation along the Chilean megathrust would favor uplift of the coast rather than beneath the sea, giving rise to a smaller tsunami and producing effects consistent with those observed in 1906. The 1922 magnitude inferred from far‐field tsunami amplitudes appear to better explain the large extent of damage and the destructive tsunami that were locally observed following the earthquake than the lower seismic magnitudes (Ms 8.3) that were likely affected by the well‐known saturation effects. Thus, a repeat of the large 1922 earthquake poses seismic and tsunami hazards in a region identified as a mature seismic gap.
Mexican Space Weather Service (SCiESMEX)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Esparza J. A. , De la Luz V. , Corona‐Romero P. , Mejia‐Ambriz J. C. , Gonzalez L. X. , Sergeeva M. A. , Romero‐Hernandez E. , Aguilar‐Rodriguez E.
Published: December 2016

Legislative modifications of the General Civil Protection Law in Mexico in 2014 included specific references to space hazards and space weather phenomena. The legislation is consistent with United Nations promotion of international engagement and cooperation on space weather awareness, studies, and monitoring. These internal and external conditions motivated the creation of a space weather service in Mexico. The Mexican Space Weather Service (SCiESMEX in Spanish) (www.sciesmex.unam.mx) was initiated in October 2014 and is operated by the Institute of Geophysics at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). SCiESMEX became a Regional Warning Center of the International Space Environment Services (ISES) in June 2015. We present the characteristics of the service, some products, and the initial actions for developing a space weather strategy in Mexico. The service operates a computing infrastructure including a web application, data repository, and a high‐performance computing server to run numerical models. SCiESMEX uses data of the ground‐based instrumental network of the National Space Weather Laboratory (LANCE), covering solar radio burst emissions, solar wind and interplanetary disturbances (by interplanetary scintillation observations), geomagnetic measurements, and analysis of the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere (by employing data from local networks of GPS receiver stations).
Regression‐based forecast model of induced geoelectric field
Authors: Lotz S. I. , Heyns M. J. , Cilliers P. J.
Published: December 2016

The electric field induced due to solar activity is the driver of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in grounded conductor networks such as power grids. We present a regression‐based (i.e., empirical) model for quantitatively predicting the upper envelope of induced E field components, using near‐Earth measurements of solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters as input arguments to the model at three midlatitude locations. Model parameters and the set of input arguments used are determined by an iterative regression process that relies on a large data set comprising selected events from 2000 to 2015. Testing on out‐of‐sample events over two years (2013 and 2015) yields correlation of between 0.68 and 0.75 when predicting the northward horizontal component of induced E field and 0.45–0.61 for the eastward component at the three stations. The forecast lead time is extended by using predicted SW parameters (from the WSA‐Enlil models) as model input. As proof of concept we predict GIC based on measured and predicted input parameters and compare that with measured GIC at a South African substation for the two St. Patrick's day events (March 2013 and 2015).
Spirituality: The Core of Healing and Social Justice from an Indigenous Perspective
Authors: Baskin Cyndy
Published: December 2016

This chapter, based on the literature and interviews with both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous participants, explores how land‐based spirituality is at the core of Indigenous societies globally. In this chapter, an Indigenous philosophy carries a message that spirituality is not only about one's inward journey but is also about creating a better world for all.
The Use of Recollection Rejection in the Misinformation Paradigm
Authors: Moore Kara N. , Lampinen James Michael
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research was to determine the role of recollection rejection in the rejection of misinformation. In Experiment 1, we examined the use of recollection rejection to reject contradictory and additive misinformation. We measured recollection rejection by comparing misinformation acceptance rates, graphing confidence‐accuracy data using phantom receiver operating characteristic curves, examining high confidence rejections of misinformation, and examining self‐report responses. These measures converged on the finding that participants used recollection rejection to reject both types of misinformation but used recollection rejection more on contradictory misinformation. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the delay between the event and misinformation and between misinformation and test. The length of both of these delays affected misinformation acceptance. Participants were more likely to use recollection rejection to reject contradictory misinformation after a short delay before encountering misinformation. Overall these findings indicate that people can spontaneously induce recollection rejection to reject misinformation and prevent false memories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Carlson Maria A. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Tucker Amanda , Bednarz Jane
Published: December 2016

The sequential lineup is multifaceted, including serial presentation of faces, multiple decisions, and often backloading (indicating to an eyewitness that a lineup contains more photos than there actually are). We evaluated the effect of backloading instructions on response bias and sensitivity with an eyewitness identification paradigm. Importantly, we included an ‘undisclosed’ condition that provided no information to participants about the number of lineup members to expect. Experiment 1 (N = 780) tested sequential lineups; Experiment 2 (N = 532) tested simultaneous lineups. As predicted, signal detection analysis showed that backloading induced participants to be more conservative in choosing from both lineup types, but did not affect d′. We conclude that the criminal justice system should be mindful of this shift in response bias, as it has implications for both guilty and innocent suspect identifications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Cognitive Load on Affordance‐based Interactions
Authors: Grgic Joseph E. , Still Mary L. , Still Jeremiah D.
Published: December 2016

Affordances are design clues that allow users to effortlessly determine how objects should be used. Since their introduction to the human–computer interaction design community, their use within interfaces has become a staple. But, despite work to understand how affordances make an interface's available actions transparent, few empirical studies have examined the cognitive origins of this interaction type. Therefore, we explored the impact of cognitive load on affordance‐based interactions. Participants were asked to perform a series of affordance‐based interactions while under different types of working memory load (no load, verbal, spatial, and central executive). Affordance‐based interactions were consistently slowed under central executive load, but never when under verbal load. We conclude that affordance‐based interactions do require cognitive resources, but resource costs may only manifest under heavy load. With this knowledge, designers may be able to better predict when an affordance will (or will not) act as if it is resource free. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient control for Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rate and multiple disturbances
Authors: Li Yankai , Sun Haibin , Zong Guangdeng , Hou Linlin
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the problem of composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient control is investigated for Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rate and multiple disturbances. The considered multiple disturbances include two types: one is external disturbance, while the other is an unexpected nonlinear signal which is described as a nonlinear function. Composite adaptive disturbance observers are constructed to estimate these disturbances, and the estimations are applied to feedforward compensation. Then a composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient controller is obtained. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities such that the closed‐loop system is stochastically stable with
performance. Finally, a numerical example and an application example are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light Manipulation by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers, Mirrors, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals
Authors: Gur Dvir , Palmer Benjamin A. , Weiner Steve , Addadi Lia
Published: December 2016

Guanine crystals are widely used in nature to manipulate light. The first part of this feature article explores how organisms are able to construct an extraordinary array of optical “devices” including diffuse scatterers, broadband and narrowband reflectors, tunable photonic crystals, and image‐forming mirrors by varying the size, morphology, and arrangement of guanine crystals. The second part presents an overview of some of the properties of crystalline guanine to explain why this material is ideally suited for such optical applications. The high reflectivity of many natural optical systems ultimately derives from the fact that guanine crystals have an extremely high refractive index—a product of its anisotropic crystal structure comprised of densely stacked H‐bonded layers. In order to optimize their reflectivity, many organisms exert exquisite control over the crystal morphology, forming plate‐like single crystals in which the high refractive index face is preferentially expressed. Guanine‐based optics are used in a wide range of biological functions such as in camouflage, display, and vision, and exhibit a degree of versatility, tunability, and complexity that is difficult to incorporate into artificial devices using conventional engineering approaches. These biological systems could inspire the next generation of advanced optical materials.
Bithienopyrroledione‐Based Copolymers, Versatile Semiconductors for Balanced Ambipolar Thin‐Film Transistors and Organic Solar Cells with Voc > 1 V
Authors: Qiao Xiaolan , Wu Qinghe , Wu Hongzhuo , Zhang Jidong , Li Hongxiang
Published: December 2016

Conjugated polymer semiconductors P1 and P2 with bithienopyrroledione (bi‐TPD) as acceptor unit are synthesized. Their transistor and photovoltaic performances are investigated. Both polymers display high and balanced ambipolar transport behaviors in thin‐film transistors. P1‐based devices show an electron mobility of 1.02 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a hole mobility of 0.33 cm2 V−1 s−1, one of the highest performance reported for ambipolar polymer transistors. The electron and hole mobilities of P2 transistors are 0.36 and 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The solar cells with PC71BM as the electron acceptor and P1/P2 as the donor exhibit a high Voc about 1.0 V, and a power conversion efficiency of 6.46% is observed for P1‐based devices without any additives and/or post treatment. The high performance of P1 and P2 is attributed to their crystalline films and short π–π stacking distance (<3.5 Å). These results demonstrate (1) bi‐TPD is an excellent versatile electron‐deficient unit for polymer semiconductors and (2) bi‐TPD‐based polymer semiconductors have potential applications in organic transistors and organic solar cells.
Solvent‐Induced Rearrangement of Ion‐Transport Channels: A Way to Create Advanced Porous Membranes for Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Mingrun , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin , Vankelecom Ivo
Published: December 2016

Porous membranes with critically hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase‐separated‐like structures for use in vanadium flow battery application are first realized by solvent‐induced reassembly of a polymer blend system. Porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES)/sufonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) blend membranes with tunable pore size are prepared via the phase inversion method. After solidification, isopropanol (IPA) is introduced to induce the reassembly of sulfonated groups and further form ion‐transport channels by using the interaction between IPA and functional groups in SPEEK. As a result, a highly phase separated membrane structure is created, composed of a highly stable hydrophobic porous PES matrix and hydrophilic interconnected small pores. The charged pore walls are highly beneficial to improving proton conductivity, while pores are simultaneously shrunk during the IPA treatment. Therefore, the resultant membranes show an excellent battery performance with a coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%, along with an energy efficiency over 91%, which is among the highest values ever reported. This article supplies an ease‐to‐operate and efficient method to create membranes with controlled ion‐transport channels.
Verteilung ausgewählter toxischer Spurenelemente im Sediment des Breitlingsees bei Brandenburg
Authors: Schettler Georg
Published: December 2016

Eine Bestandsaufnahme des Belastungsstatus der jüngeren Sedimente eines Havelsees bei Brandenburg mit toxischen Spurenelementen ergab für einige Schwermetalle zum Teil erhebliche Anreicherungen gegenüber dem geogenen Background (Zn: 50fach, Cd: 25fach, Cu: 14fach, Pb: 13fach), während der Konzentrationslevel von Be, Co, V bei Berücksichtigung des angestiegenen Tonmineraleintrags bemerkenswert konstant geblieben ist. – Die Schwermetallverteilungsmuster im Sediment lassen auf einen hohen Anteil an atmosphärischem Eintrag schließen. gleichzeitig weisen aufgenommene Profile auf einen seit Jahren gleichmäßig hohen Schadstoffeintrag hin. – Insbesondere Zn verdient wegen seiner hohen Anreicherung und der beträchtlichen NH4Ac‐Austauschbarkeit ökotoxikologische Beachtung.
Wasserqualität durch höhere Wasserpflanzen. — Übersicht zur ökotechnologischen Anwendung —
Authors: Weise G. , Paul L. , Bahr I.
Published: December 2016

An Experimenten in der Unterwasservorsperre der Talsperre Saidenbach werden Möglichkeiten, Vor‐ und Nachteile von schwimmenden Pflanzeninseln und Vertikalnetzen sowie die Probleme ihrer Installation und ihres Bewuchses für die Separierung von Gewässerabschnitten und die gezielte Förderung des Stoffumsatzes im Sinne einer ökotechnologischen Biomanipulation untersucht und diskutiert. Hydrodynamisch ist nur die Kombination von Pflanzenmatten als künstliche Pflanzeninseln und Vertikalnetz(en), möglichst in Kombination mit einem Unterwassersperrbauwerk erfolgreich. Sie kann zu einer Entkopplung von Wasserkörpern erfolgreich beitragen und die Wasserbewegung dämpfen, die Sedimentation fördern, die Durchlichtungstiefe vergrößern sowie die Resuspension des Sedimentes vermindern. Insgesamt ist der ökotechnologische Einsatz von Makrophyten in der Form litoraler Gemeinschaften und schwimmender Pflanzeninseln aber nur erfolgversprechend, wenn er mit weiteren Maßnahmen der Sanierung sowohl im Einzugsgebiet als auch im Gewässer kombiniert wird.
Die gaschromatographische Bestimmung von Diethylentriaminpentaessigsäure in Oberflächenwasser
Authors: Wanke T. , Eberle S. H.
Published: December 2016

Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Diethylentriaminpentaessigsäure (DTPA) in Oberflächenwasser beschrieben. Die Bestimmung basiert auf der Voranreicherung auf einem stark basischen Anionenaustauscher, Verestern mit n‐Propanol und anschließender gaschromatographischer Trennung mit Stickstoff‐selektiver Detektion. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt mit Anreicherung bei 1 μg/L in Flußwasser. Die Identität des DTPA in Flußwasserproben wurde durch massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen nachgewiesen.

Das Verfahren ist auch zur quantitativen Bestimmung von weiteren Aminopolycarbonsäuren, wie Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA), Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure (EDTA), Cyclohexandiamintetraessigsäure (CDTA) und Ethylenglycolbis‐(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraessigsäure (EGTA) geeignet. U.a. wurde nach der beschriebenen Methode im Januar und Februar 1992 Rheinwasser untersucht. Die entlang des Flusses genommenen Schöpfproben zeigten, daß DTPA stellenweise in vergleichbar hoher Konzentration wie NTA und EDTA auftritt.
Ammonia Removal from Tannery Wastewaters by Selective Ion Exchange on Slovak Clinoptilolite
Authors: Chmielewská‐Horváthová E. , Konečný J. , Bošan Z.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of the work was to verify and demonstrate, on a pilot plant scale, the applicability of the Slovak clinoptilolite as a natural selective ion exchanger for the removal of ammonia from tannery wastewaters. During the pilot treatment experiments at an industrial wastewater treatment plant of the Shoe Manufacturing Industry Svit‐Otrokovice, about 260 m3 of wastewaters were treated. The regeneration process was carried out with 2% NaCl (pH = 9, NaOH) and the eluate was distributed into 3 fractions. Only the most concentrated ammonia fraction was stripped in the renovation step. The economic efficiency of the studied method was compared with the biological nitrification‐denitrification method.
Zum Einfluß des pH‐Wertes und des Calciumgehaltes auf Metall‐Fulvinsäure‐Bindungen — Inversvoltammetrische und chemometrische Untersuchungen
Authors: v. Tümpling W. , Geiß S. , Einax J.
Published: December 2016

Zur Untersuchung von Schwermetallbindungsformen im Wasser wurden die elektrochemisch verfügbaren Konzentrationen der Kupfer‐, Zink‐ und Cadmiumionen inversvoltammetrisch bestimmt. Die angewandte statistische Versuchsplanung ermöglicht eine Untersuchung der vielfältigen und untereinander wechselwirkenden Effekte der Einflußgrößen (pH‐Wert, Calcium‐ und Fulvinsäurekonzentration) auf die Bindung der Schwermetalle bei minimaler Anzahl von Versuchen. Der pH‐Wert ist die Haupteinflußgröße bezüglich der elektrochemisch verfügbaren Metallkonzentrationen. Calcium und Fulvinsäure setzen ebenfalls den verfügbaren Metallanteil herab. Die mit den Ergebnissen der Faktorplanexperimente durchgeführte multiple Regression und die PLS‐Modellierung wurden zur Auswertung herangezogen. Zur Überprüfung der beiden Modelle wurden die Parameter pH, Ca‐ und Fulvinsäurekonzentration innerhalb des kalibrierten Bereiches variiert und die Voraussagen mit den experimentellen Werten verglichen. Dabei ist das PLS‐Modell mit relativen Fehlern von 9.7% für Cd, 6.0% für Zn und 58% für Cu in der Voraussage besser als das Modell der multiplen linearen Regression mit Fehlern von 12% für Cd, 9% für Zn und 65% für Cu, da auch die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Metallen in die Analyse einbezogen werden. Die PLS‐Modellierung ist somit als ein geeignetes Mittel zur mathematischen Beschreibung von chemischen Wechselwirkungen in simulierten natürlichen Matrizes zu betrachten.
Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors
Authors: Yang Guangchuan , Tian Zong , Xu Hao , Wang Daobin
Published: December 2016

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viren – Hummeln – Tomaten
Authors: Jeske Holger
Published: December 2016

Pflanzenviren müssen nicht schädlich sein. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass sie die befallene Pflanze auch zur Produktion von bestimmten Duftstoffen anregen können, die Hummeln anlocken. Dadurch wird die Pflanze besser bestäubt und so die Samenproduktion gefördert. Wahrscheinlich ist dieses Phänomen nicht nur vorteilhaft für die Pflanzen, sondern auch für die Viren, denn langfristig setzen sich Pflanzenvarianten durch, in denen sich Viren gut vermehren können.
Tee – das zweithäufigste Getränk des Menschen
Authors: Rösemann Ulrich
Published: December 2016

Wenn man heute genüsslich eine Tasse “Earl Grey” trinkt oder ganz fix den Teebeutel in den Becher wirft, ist es kaum vorstellbar, dass für den Genuss der Teepflanze (Camellia sinensis, Abbildung 1) Kriege geführt wurden und viele Menschen auf abenteuerlichen Expeditionen ihr Leben gelassen haben.
President's Page
Authors: Caidi Nadia
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

In her final message as ASIS&T president, Nadia Caidi extends thanks to the conference co‐chairs and many others who have contributed to a successful 2016 Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, the first beyond North America. Caidi notes the strong financial health of the Association and the hiring of the Association's first communications officer. Numerous efforts have been made toward priority goals for the year: outreach and engagement with members and the wider information science community and internal knowledge management. An Executive Director Task Force has been formed to find a successor to Dick Hill, considering organizational and financial status, strategic planning and oversight by either an executive director or an association management firm. Members are invited to share ideas and voice their opinions on issues of common interest as the Association moves forward.
In Praise of Email
Authors: Creekmore Laura
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

While some aspire to minimize traditional email and prefer other communication platforms, email systems have presented strong advantages over alternative messaging channels. The systems offer simple organization and search features and let users personalize categorization based on folders. But a move to Google Apps prompted the author to appreciate the value of tags for managing email content by facets such as date, project and name, singly or in combination. The accuracy of search in email extends to related Google applications. Information architects would do well to rethink features in existing systems and redesign them to meet users' evolving and increasing needs.
Limit liability related to hits and slips involving those on the sidelines
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: December 2016

The sidelines are ordinarily out of play and considered a safe zone. As a result, the sidelines tend to fill up with coaches, trainers, support staff, officials, fans, cheerleaders, and others. It is an area where coaching occurs, training and medical services are provided, and cheering takes place. So the area usually ends up very loud and crowded.
Professional, collegiate athletic trainers share insight into concussion management
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2016

HOLLYWOOD, Fla. — An incomplete concussion management plan or failure to properly follow a plan leaves your sports medicine staff, athletics department, and entire school exposed to significant legal liability.
Embrace your role as a coach to lead your staff members to success
Authors: Allen D.J.
Published: December 2016

Being a successful business leader in 2016 is challenging. But being a successful leader in college athletics in 2016 is downright difficult.
Gain insight into the implications of the Revised Uniform Athlete Agents Act
Authors: Higer Dale G.
Published: December 2016

The Revised Uniform Athlete Agents Act (2015), adopted by the Uniform Law Commission, is an update to the Uniform Athlete Agents Act of 2000, which was enacted in 42 states.
Subcellular organization of UBE3A in neurons
Authors: Burette Alain C. , Judson Matthew C. , Burette Susan , Phend Kristen D. , Philpot Benjamin D. , Weinberg Richard J.
Published: December 2016

Ubiquitination regulates a broad array of cellular processes, and defective ubiquitination is implicated in several neurological disorders. Loss of the E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase UBE3A causes Angelman syndrome. Despite its clinical importance, the normal role of UBE3A in neurons is still unclear. As a step toward deciphering its possible functions, we performed high‐resolution light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. We report a broad distribution of UBE3A in neurons, highlighted by concentrations in axon terminals and euchromatin‐rich nuclear domains. Our findings suggest that UBE3A may act locally to regulate individual synapses while also mediating global, neuronwide influences through the regulation of gene transcription. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1–1, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.