bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mind of the Political and Social Animal
Authors: Stasiulis Nerijus
Published: September 2019

In this article I present the outline of Filosofija. Sociogija 30(3) the articles of which I see as mainly centering around the issue of Man as placed and interacting within social, cultural and political contexts. However, the discussion of the social or political is generally nourished by metaphysical or epistemological issues or insights. The human mind deals with the fundamental questions concerning human nature, the existence or the metaphysical structure of the world, the status of cognition in general and science/ technology in particular. The articles merge into a choir signalling the inescapably social and political mode of our consciousness.
Phenomenology, Community, Participation: A Critical Analysis of Wojtyła’s Early Theory of Solidarity
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2019

This article critically examines Wojtyła’s early theory of solidarity in order to explore main concepts, methods and problems of his phenomenology of solidary actions. By Wojtyła’s ‘early theory’ of solidarity is to be understood his theory formulated in The Acting Person and in the studies connected to the book, published mainly in the 1970’s. The author argues that in his theory Wojtyła describes the first-person account of the experience of solidarity, by exploring how solidarity as a social phenomenon is experienced. In a word, the aim of the article consists in the analysis of Wojtyła’s phenomenology of solidarity. To held this analysis, first, the author explores Wojtyła’s methodology, i.e. Thomism, his understanding of phenomenology, and of experience. In this regard, the author asks which methodological attitude is adequate for describing solidarity. Second, Wojtyła’s social ontology is reconstructed. His theory is labelled as adverbial social ontology since it accounts for community as a dynamic structure, which unites people who act ‘together’. Finally, the author tracks main points of Wojtyła’s view of participation as a social phenomenon which grounds solidarity.
Balanced Scorecard: um estudo de caso na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Costa João Henrique , Souza Rafael Jaime de , Petri Sérgio Murilo
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo busca sugerir um painel estratégico para o departamento contábil da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Assim, foi feito uma investigação sobre o status atual da ciência quanto aos estudos em avaliação de desempenho e chegou-se ao modelo do Balanced Scorecard, baseado no seu segundo princípio, como mais adequado para este contexto. Quanto aos procedimentos, o estudo se deu através de um estudo de caso onde a coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Como resultado, chegou-se ao painel estratégico, onde se mapeou os objetivos estratégicos e seus respectivos indicadores, a situação atual em que se encontram, as metas a serem alcançadas e qual a iniciativa necessária para isto, para o departamento através do levantamento das missões, visão e valores, bem como a Matriz SWOT. Por fim, destaca-se que a ferramenta utilizada foi aprovada pelo gestor do departamento, mostrando-se uma importante ferramenta para avaliação do desempenho no setor em estudo. Observa-se, ainda, que o estudo contribuiu para a área ao trazer a proposta de um BSC para a área pública, com um enfoque diferente do tradicional proposto originalmente.
Rankings and the Public Good Role of Higher Education
Authors: Hazelkorn Ellen
Published: September 2019

Measuring university engagement or societal impact is becoming a popular way to assess the public good role of universities. Rankings have been early movers in this area, but do they tell us anything meaningful? And while it is important to ask about the role and responsibility of universities, it is about time that we asked about the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the ranking organizations themselves, given that their real intent is to sell magazines and newspapers and/or consultancy?
Sustaining LITA
Authors: Morton-Owens Emily
Published: September 2019

September 2019 President's column.
MODEL POTENSI INDUSTRI KREATIF SKALA USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN
Authors: Wahdiniwaty Rahma , Sya’roni Deden A. Wahab , Setiawan Eko Budi
Published: September 2019

Kurangnya informasi kepada masyarakat umum tentang potensi industri kreatif pada skala UMKM yang dimiliki di Kabupaten Bandung Barat mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi kurang meningkat secara signifikan sehingga peningkatan pendapatan bagi para UMKM sulit berkembang. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan sistem informasi sangat diperlukan bagi industri kreatif skala UMKM di Kabupaten Bandung. Dengan persebaran informasi mengenai produk industri kreatif pada skala UMKM  dengan memanfaatkan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), maka diharapkan peningkatan skala usaha dan produktivitas usaha di sektor industri kreatif skala UMKM akan berkembang dan meningkat. Penelitian tahun pertama ini mempunyai hasil output berupa profil UMKM Kabupaten Bandung Barat, profil potensi pelaku usaha industri kreatif UMKM, profil potensi usaha industri kreatif dan model rancangan untuk penyebaran informasi potensi industri kreatif.
A preservação das comunas camponesas russas e a construção do socialismo:análise dos rascunhos de carta de Karl Marx - Vera Zasulitch (1881)
Authors: Da Silva Marizete Andrade , De Souza Júnior Hormindo Pereira
Published: September 2019

Este artigo problematiza sobre as comunas camponesas russas e suas possibilidades de transformação, para uma forma superior de organização socialista ou, para sua total desintegração, a partir dos quatro rascunhos de cartas e da resposta enviada de Karl Marx para Vera Zasulitch. Sob vários aspectos estes documentos são relevantes para compreender as questões agrárias daquele país no final do século XIX, dentre eles destaca-se sua interpretação substantiva das peculiaridades materiais da comuna camponesa, e, o potencial que essa forma social apresentava para constituir o núcleo de uma rota alternativa ao socialismo russo.
La posmodernidad y la autenticidad patrimonial en su relación con la cultura campesina y la educación media en Cuba y Brasil
Authors: Bezerra Neto Luiz , Cruz Juan Carlos Rodriguez
Published: September 2019

El trabajo aborda la categoría patrimonio cultural y las implicaciones negativas que le acarrea la posmodernidad en medio de un proceso creciente de globalización. Se realiza un análisis del patrimonio cultural material y espiritual en concomitancia con la autenticidad con una proyección antropológica hacia lo intangible, sin dejar de tener presente la correlación que existe entre ambas vertientes patrimoniales. Se valora lo espiritual o intangible del patrimonio cultural campesino, como parte de la identidad cultural campesina, la cual representa la base fundamental en que se sustenta la identidad nacional, así como se valora el impacto que este tiene en la educación media en Cuba y Brasil y sus efectos contrarios.
Radiosurgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy following ROSE trial guidelines — A planning comparison between Gamma Knife, Eclipse, and Brainlab
Authors: Narayanasamy Ganesh , Morrill Steven , Cousins David , Liu Joshua , Deshazer Garron , Garner Wesley , Galhardo Edvaldo , Serletis Demitre , Penagaricano Jose
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study aims to compare stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning of epilepsy that complies with Radiosurgery or Open Surgery for Epilepsy (ROSE) guidelines in GammaKnife, non‐coplanar conformal (NCC) plan in Eclipse, dynamic conformal arc (DCA) plan in Brainlab, and a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan in Eclipse.

Methods

Twenty plans targeting Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) was generated using GammaKnife, Eclipse with 20 NCC beams, Brainlab with 5 DCA, and Eclipse VMAT with 4 arcs observing ROSE trial guidelines. Multivariate analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to compare dosimetric data of the plans and perform pairwise comparison, respectively.

Results

The plans obeyed the recommended prescription isodose volume (PIV) within 5.5–7.5 cc and maximum doses to brainstem, optic apparatus (OA) of 10 and 8 Gy, respectively, for a prescription dose of 24 Gy. The volumes of the target were in the range 4.0–7.4 cc. Mean PIV, maximum dose to brainstem, OA were 6.5 cc, 10 Gy, 7.9 Gy in GammaKnife; 7.2 cc, 6.1 Gy, 4.5 Gy in Eclipse NCC; 7.2 cc, 6.4 Gy, 5.7 Gy in Brainlab DCA; and 5.2 cc, 8.4 Gy, 6.1 Gy in Eclipse VMAT plans, respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences among the 4 SRS planning techniques (P‐values < 0.01).

Conclusions

Among the 4 SRS planning methods, VMAT with least PIV and acceptable maximum doses to brainstem and OA showed highest compliance with ROSE trial. Having the most conformal dose distribution and least dose inhomogeneity, VMAT scored higher than GK, Eclipse NCC, and Brainlab DCA plans.
Non‐Hermitian Selective Thermal Emitters using Metal–Semiconductor Hybrid Resonators
Authors: Doiron Chloe F. , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: September 2019

All open systems that exchange energy with their environment are non‐Hermitian. Thermal emitters are open systems that can benefit from the rich set of physical phenomena enabled by their non‐Hermitian description. Using phase, symmetry, chirality, and topology, thermal radiation from hot surfaces can be unconventionally engineered to generate light with new states. Such thermal emitters are necessary for a wide variety of applications in sensing and energy conversion. Here, a non‐Hermitian selective thermal emitter is experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits passive PT‐symmetry in thermal emission at 700 °C. Furthermore, the effect of internal phase of the oscillator system on far‐field thermal radiation is experimentally demonstrated. The ability to tune the oscillator phase provides new pathways for both engineering and controlling selective thermal emitters for applications in sensing and energy conversion.
Optimization of Low‐Dimensional Components of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films for Deep‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Xiao Lei‐Xin , Zhang Chun‐Feng , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Chen Bing‐Bing , Ge Hui‐Ting , Tian Qi‐Sheng , Jin Yan , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: September 2019

Compared to efficient green and near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), less progress has been made on deep‐blue perovskite LEDs. They suffer from inefficient domain [various number of PbX6− layers (n)] control, resulting in a series of unfavorable issues such as unstable color, multipeak profile, and poor fluorescence yield. Here, a strategy involving a delicate spacer modulation for quasi‐2D perovskite films via an introduction of aromatic polyamine molecules into the perovskite precursor is reported. With low‐dimensional component engineering, the n1 domain, which shows nonradiative recombination and retarded exciton transfer, is significantly suppressed. Also, the n3 domain, which represents the population of emission species, is remarkably increased. The optimized quasi‐2D perovskite film presents blue emission from the n3 domain (peak at 465 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 77%. It enables the corresponding perovskite LEDs to deliver stable deep‐blue emission (CIE (0.145, 0.05)) with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.6%. The findings in this work provide further understanding on the structural and emission properties of quasi‐2D perovskites, which pave a new route to design deep‐blue‐emissive perovskite materials.
Lead‐Free Halide Rb2CuBr3 as Sensitive X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Yang Bo , Yin Lixiao , Niu Guangda , Yuan Jun‐Hui , Xue Kan‐Hao , Tan Zhifang , Miao Xiang‐Shui , Niu Ming , Du Xinyuan , Song Haisheng , Lifshitz Efrat , Tang Jiang
Published: September 2019

Scintillators are widely utilized for radiation detections in many fields, such as nondestructive inspection, medical imaging, and space exploration. Lead halide perovskite scintillators have recently received extensive research attention owing to their tunable emission wavelength, low detection limit, and ease of fabrication. However, the low light yields toward X‐ray irradiation and the lead toxicity of these perovskites severely restricts their practical application. A novel lead‐free halide is presented, namely Rb2CuBr3, as a scintillator with exceptionally high light yield. Rb2CuBr3 exhibits a 1D crystal structure and enjoys strong carrier confinement and near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (98.6%) in violet emission. The high photoluminescence quantum yield combined with negligible self‐absorption from self‐trapped exciton emission and strong X‐ray absorption capability enables a record high light yield of ≈91056 photons per MeV among perovskite and relative scintillators. Overall, Rb2CuBr3 provides nontoxicity, high radioluminescence intensity, and good stability, thus laying good foundations for potential application in low‐dose radiography.
Surface Pyroelectricity in Cubic SrTiO3
Authors: Meirzadeh Elena , Christensen Dennis V. , Makagon Evgeniy , Cohen Hagai , Rosenhek‐Goldian Irit , Morales Erie H. , Bhowmik Arghya , Lastra Juan Maria G. , Rappe Andrew M. , Ehre David , Lahav Meir , Pryds Nini , Lubomirsky Igor
Published: September 2019

Symmetry‐imposed restrictions on the number of available pyroelectric and piezoelectric materials remain a major limitation as 22 out of 32 crystallographic material classes exhibit neither pyroelectricity nor piezoelectricity. Yet, by breaking the lattice symmetry it is possible to circumvent this limitation. Here, using a unique technique for measuring transient currents upon rapid heating, direct experimental evidence is provided that despite the fact that bulk SrTiO3 is not pyroelectric, the (100) surface of TiO2‐terminated SrTiO3 is intrinsically pyroelectric at room temperature. The pyroelectric layer is found to be ≈1 nm thick and, surprisingly, its polarization is comparable with that of strongly polar materials such as BaTiO3. The pyroelectric effect can be tuned ON/OFF by the formation or removal of a nanometric SiO2 layer. Using density functional theory, the pyroelectricity is found to be a result of polar surface relaxation, which can be suppressed by varying the lattice symmetry breaking using a SiO2 capping layer. The observation of pyroelectricity emerging at the SrTiO3 surface also implies that it is intrinsically piezoelectric. These findings may pave the way for observing and tailoring piezo‐ and pyroelectricity in any material through appropriate breaking of symmetry at surfaces and artificial nanostructures such as heterointerfaces and superlattices.
The Topography of Silica Films Modulates Primary Macrophage Morphology and Function
Authors: Makaremi Sara , Luu Helen , Boyle Justin P. , Zhu Yujie , Cerson Christine , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M.
Published: September 2019

Macrophages are major contributors to the rejection of foreign materials introduced to living tissues. Given that cell‐surface interactions can have important effects on phagocytic capacity and cytokine production, changes in macrophage morphology have been reported for different materials and surface patterns. However, the details of how surface topography impacts morphology and function remain unclear. This study investigates whether changes in the surface topography of glassy substrates alter macrophage shape and modulate phagocytic function and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6. The morphology of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages cultured on micro‐ and nanostructured SiO2 films is quantified through fractal analysis. It is observed that membrane protrusions increase on nanostructured surfaces and macrophages adopt unique star‐shaped morphologies on microstructures. Macrophages on both micro‐ and nanostructured surfaces display greater phagocytic capacity, compared to those on flat controls. In contrast, the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 is not increased when cells are cultured on the structured surfaces. The diffusion of a transmembrane receptor is also measured, which reveals no impact of structuring or plasma treatment on receptor diffusion. Altogether, these data indicate that surface topography does not increase IL‐6 production or alter membrane mobility but can significantly impact phagocytosis.
Totally Waterborne and Highly Durable Superamphiphobic Coatings for Anti‐Icing and Anticorrosion
Authors: Li Yabin , Hu Tao , Li Bucheng , Wei Jinfei , Zhang Junping
Published: September 2019

Bioinspired superamphiphobic coatings have garnered significant interests and great achievements are achieved; however, it is still difficult to move them to practical applications because of their pollutive preparation methods and poor stability. Here, preparation of totally waterborne and highly durable superamphiphobic coatings is reported by spray‐coating adhesive layers and a homogeneous suspension formed by hydrolytic condensation of silanes with SiO2 nanoparticles in water. The surface structure and chemical composition, superamphiphobicity, mechanical and chemical stability, anti‐icing and anticorrosion performances are studied by various analytical techniques and methods. The coatings feature i) a unique three‐tier macro/micro/nanostructure, ii) high contact angles and low sliding angles for not only various room temperature liquids but also hot liquids up to 92 °C, iii) high mechanical stability against intensive sandpaper abrasion, tape‐peeling, and water jetting, and iv) exceptional long‐term chemical stability even in aqua regia, saturated NaOH and boiling water. Furthermore, the coatings on Mg alloy show excellent anti‐icing performance in actual outdoor environment and excellent anticorrosion performance in salt spray test. The waterborne and highly durable superamphiphobic coatings may be used in various fields, as the coatings with high repellency even to hot liquids can be applied onto various substrates.
Humanoid Robot Actuation through Precise Chemical Sensing Signals
Authors: Kim Taeil , Kaur Manpreet , Kim Woo Soo
Published: September 2019

As the need for assistive robots increases in aging societies, various assistive robot systems including humanoid robots have been developed. Humanoid robotic hands are one of the most useful parts to assist humans efficiently. While sensing pressure or temperature from the robotic hands is extensively studied, sensing chemicals is less widely studied despite the significant importance. Here, a unique platform of smartly moving humanoid fingers actuated by chemical sensing is reported. The sensor is printed with disposable and biocompatible cellulose conductive ink materials. Rf intensity change of the sensor with NH4+ membrane depends on NH4+ ion concentration where R² is 0.9576. The smart bending motion of a finger is accomplished by logically programed actuation through detecting the change of interested ion concentration from 0.01 to 1 m at the ion‐selective membrane electrode (ISME) sensor with resulted bending angles from 10° to 67° accordingly. The overall signal‐to‐noise ratio is over 10. This sensing robot concept may be expanded to applications of microrobots which receive external stimulus, judge, and execute the actuation to carry out programed tasks.
Cancer‐Targeted Nanomedicine: Overcoming the Barrier of the Protein Corona
Authors: Barui Ayan Kumar , Oh Jun Yong , Jana Batakrishna , Kim Chaekyu , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung
Published: September 2019

Nanomedicines exploit the unusual physicochemical and biological properties of nanoparticles, including their nanoscopic size, high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, easy surface modification, and biocompatibility. Among various therapeutic and diagnostic applications of nanomedicines, cancer‐targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) have been found to be a promising area of research. Effective DDS rely on two major factors: slow and sustained release of chemotherapeutic drugs and their targeted delivery to tumor sites. Both the drug release and targeting ability of nanoparticles are greatly affected under in vivo conditions by the “protein corona,” a tightly packed layer of protein molecules, formed around nanoparticles upon contact with biological fluids. Owing to the adsorption of proteins onto the surface of nanoparticles, their identity is significantly altered, and they can readily be cleared from systemic circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system. In this context, scientists have employed various strategies, including the use of different ligands, stealth polymers, and protein corona shields/pre‐coating with specific proteins to modulate protein corona formation and retain the targeting ability of nanoparticles. This review article focuses on the recent progress of these different strategies with a special emphasis on the protein corona shields/artificial protein corona approaches for the development of effective cancer targeting nanomedicines.
Ultrabroadband, Large Sensitivity Position Sensitivity Detector Based on a Bi2Te2.7Se0.3/Si Heterojunction and Its Performance Improvement by Pyro‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Chen Mingjing , Wang Yu , Liu Jihong , Lu Junfeng , Li Fangtao , Fu Guangsheng , Wang Shufang , Ren Kailiang , Pan Caofeng
Published: September 2019

Bi2Te(/Se)3, as a novel topological insulator, is a prospective candidate for next‐generation spintronic and photoelectric devices. Here, A series of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 films are successfully prepared on Si substrate with different thicknesses and used as a self‐powered light position sensitive detector (PSD) through the introduction of a lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE). Owing to its wide and strong absorption, the high surface mobility of the Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 layer, and the outstanding heterojunction quality, this PSD shows an unprecedentedly broadband photoresponse from ≈350 to ≈2200 nm and exhibits very good performance with ultralarge sensitivities (283.71 mV mm−1 at 532 nm, 137.4 mV mm−1 at 1064 nm, 38.91 mV mm−1 at 1550 nm, and 16.56 mV mm−1 at 2200 nm), perfect nonlinearity (<3%), and ultrafast response times (≈52.1 µs/≈70.2 µs), all of which are among or represent the best results reported until now, especially in the infrared region. Additionally, its sensitivity can also be greatly improved though the addition of a bias voltage with an increment up to 194.6% at −1 V. More importantly, the pyro‐phototronic effect, which can be used to modulate both the LPE and the time response, is surprisingly observed in this PSD but with different working mechanisms than found in traditional photodetectors.
Marginal Magnesium Doping for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Choi Seung Ho , Lee Seung Jong , Yoo Dong‐Joo , Park Jun Ho , Park Jae‐Hyuk , Ko You Na , Park Jungjin , Sung Yung‐Eun , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Kim Heejin , Choi Jang Wook
Published: September 2019

Due to unparalleled theoretical capacity and operation voltage, metallic Li is considered as the most attractive candidate for lithium‐ion battery anodes. However, Li metal electrodes suffer from uncontrolled dendrite growth and consequent interfacial instability, which result in an unacceptable level of performance in cycling stability and safety. Herein, it is reported that a marginal amount (1.5 at%) of magnesium (Mg) doping alters the surface properties of Li metal foil drastically in such a way that upon Li plating, a highly dense Li whisker layer is induced, instead of sharp dendrites, with enhanced interfacial stability and cycling performance. The effect of Mg doping is explained in terms of increased surface energy, which facilitates plating of Li onto the main surface over the existing whiskers. The present study offers a useful guideline for Li metal batteries, as it largely resolves the longstanding shortcoming of Li metal electrodes without significantly sacrificing their main advantages.
Diamine oxidase enzyme: a novel biomarker in respiratory allergy
Authors: Refaat Maged M. , Abdel‐Rehim Asmaa S. , Elmahdi Amira R. , Mohamed Nesrine A. , Ghonaim Sara S.
Published: September 2019

Background

Well‐known allergy tests are used to evaluate and diagnose allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum level diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme as a diagnostic marker in respiratory allergy.

Methods

This case‐control study included 40 patients with respiratory allergies (atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis) as well as 40 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. A detailed past medical history of allergy was collected from each participant including family history of allergy. Physical examination, pulmonary function test (PFT) and measurement of serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and DAO were performed. Skin‐prick test and specific IgE to common aeroallergens were also carried out.

Results

DAO levels were higher in patients than controls. There was a positive correlation between severity of disease and DAO. No significant association was found between DAO level and age, type of respiratory allergy, duration of disease, PFT, eosinophilia, and total IgE. DAO had a high negative predictive value (94.7%) and high sensitivity (97.5%).

Conclusion

DAO may be helpful in the assessment of severity and in ruling out respiratory allergy.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy: From Single‐Molecule Sensing to Single‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Li , Yang Yunze , Wang Shaopeng , Liu Xian‐Wei
Published: September 2019

Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) is a versatile platform for chemical and biological sensing and imaging. Great progress in exploring its applications, ranging from single‐molecule sensing to single‐cell imaging, has been made. In this Minireview, we introduce the principles and instrumentation of SPRM. We also summarize the broad and exciting applications of SPRM to the analysis of single entities. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations associated with SPRM and potential solutions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Silylation of Propargyl Dichlorides: Access to Enantioenriched Functionalized Allenylsilanes
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Li , Yang Chao , Xue Qi‐Yan , Zhao Meng , Shan Cui‐Cui , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: September 2019

A copper‐catalyzed silylation of propargyl dichlorides was developed to access chloro‐substituted allenylsilanes under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, enantioenriched chloro‐substituted allenylsilanes can be synthesized in moderate to high yields and good enantioselectivities with this protocol.
Long‐Range Chirality Recognition of a Polar Molecule on Au(111)
Authors: Kong Huihui , Qian Yinyue , Liu Xinbang , Wan Xinling , Amirjalayer Saeed , Fuchs Harald
Published: September 2019

Chiral molecular self‐assemblies were usually achieved using short‐range intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen‐, metal–organic, and covalent bonding. However, unavoidable surface defects, such as step edges, surface reconstructions, or site dislocations may limit the applicability of short‐range chirality recognition. Long‐range chirality recognition on surfaces would be an appealing but challenging strategy for chiral reservation across surface defects at long distances. Now, long‐range chirality recognition is presented between neighboring 3‐bromo‐naphthalen‐2‐ol (BNOL) stripes on an inert Au(111) surface across the herringbone reconstruction as investigated by STM and DFT calculations. The key to achieving such recognition is the herringbone reconstruction‐induced local dipole accumulation at the edges of the BNOL stripes. The neighboring stripes are then forced to adopt the same chirality to create the opposite edged dipoles and neutralize the neighbored dipole moments.
Unraveling Dual Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior in Steric‐Hindrance Photochromic System for Super Resolution Imaging
Authors: Yang Hong , Li Mengqi , Li Chong , Luo Qianfu , Zhu Ming‐Qiang , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: September 2019

Unprecedented dual aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior based on a steric‐hindrance photochromic system is presented, with incorporation one or two bulky aryl groups, resulting in different flexibleness. The dual AIE behavior of open and closed isomers can be explained by restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR), restriction of intramolecular vibration (RIV), and intermolecular stacking. The large bulky benzothiophene causes restricted rotation, enhancing the emission of open form in solution and weak π–π molecular packing, thereby efficiently enhancing the luminescence performance in the solid state. With incorporation of two large bulky benzothiophene groups, BBTE possesses the most outstanding AIE activity, undergoing highly efficient and reversible off‐to‐on fluorescence in film upon alternating UV and visible light irradiation along with excellent fatigue resistance. The off‐to‐on fluorescent photoswitch is successfully established in super resolution imaging.
A Reaction‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Native Hypochlorous Acid
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Men Yuhui , Niu Linqiang , Luo Yang , Zhang Jian , Zhao Weili , Wang Jianhong
Published: September 2019

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is highly reactive and short‐lived. It is a challenge to dynamic monitor HOCl activity in living systems. Hence, we synthesized a new fluoresce nt probe RF1 based on protection of the hydroxyl group by N,N‐dimethylthiocarbamate recognition group, which reached a low fluorescence background signal and highly sensitive property. On account of the electrophilic addition of Cl+ to the sulfide of thiocarbamate moiety, probe RF1 was converted to resorufin and triggered emitting bright. RF1 showed not only the highly sensitive and selective response to HOCl in vitro, but also can be applied in environmental water samples and detected HOCl by test strips. Besides, the ability of RF1 monitoring HOCl in HeLa cells by exogenous simulation and tracing native HOCl in macrophages cells were also explored.
Vapour‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Dual‐Colour‐Emitting DCM‐Perylene Micro‐Heterostructure Optical Waveguides
Authors: Pradeep Vuppu Vinay , Annadhasan Mari , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: September 2019

Organic micro‐heterostructures (MHS) with dual optical emissions are essential to produce miniaturized optical waveguides for wavelength division multiplexing technologies. The bimolecular MHS produced by solution‐based bottom‐up self‐assembly technique often leads to poor surface smoothness, edge imperfection, defects, and unwanted thin films deposits. Conversely, sequential sublimation technique at ambient pressure facilitates effective integration of α‐perylene micro‐square with dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐(p‐dimethylaminostyryl) 4H‐pyran (DCM) microrods in an epitaxial manner to produce MHS. The obtained DCM/perylene MHS act as optical waveguides to produce red (λmax≈670 nm) or/and yellow (λmax≈607 nm) dual optical outputs via an energy transfer mechanism depending upon the heterostructures geometry and optical excitation positions. The presented dual‐color emitting MHS optical waveguides are essential for the integrated nano‐photonic and optoelectronic device structures.
Biobutanol production from sulfuric acid‐pretreated red algal biomass by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. strain WK
Authors: Hong Ying , Chen Chaoyang , Wu Yi‐Rui
Published: September 2019

Marine biomass, especially the algal biomass, is currently considered to be one of the most potential candidates for biofuels conversion during the development of biomass utilization. In this study, a diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment method was established for biobutanol from red algal biomass Gelidium amansii using a newly isolated Clostridium sp. strain WK. Under the optimal condition of 2% sulfuric acid treated in 20 Min at 131 °C, the maximal hydrolysis percentage of biomass can reach up to 80.95%, and the biobutanol production was obtained to be 3.46 g/L with a yield of 0.20 g/g after the fermentation of biomass hydrolysate. This result demonstrated a 12.5‐fold enhancement of conversion efficiency compared with the untreated control, which provides a new and efficient way to develop the biobutanol industry by utilizing the abundant, low cost, and carbohydrate‐rich algal biomass.
Stakeholder engagement as a dynamic capability
Authors: Panda Swapna Sonali , Sangle Shirish
Published: September 2019

How can some firms gain and manage competitive advantage over their peers? In a dynamic scenario, what makes a firm stand out from its competitors? This paper attempts to answer these questions by taking a dynamic capability lens and proposing that stakeholder engagement is a key reason for a firm to attain competitive advantage. This paper attempts to explain how and why stakeholder engagement is a dynamic capability by establishing (a) stakeholders as a resource, (b) capability required to explore this resource, and (c) dynamics of the firm–stakeholder relationship. Finally, this paper describes the four different strategies adopted by the firm, namely, reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive, and recommends the suitable stakeholder engagement techniques for each of these strategies.
VR‐OCKS: A virtual reality game for learning the basic concepts of programming
Authors: Segura Rafael J. , del Pino Francisco J. , Ogáyar Carlos J. , Rueda Antonio J.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a prototype of a virtual reality (VR) system to teach the basic concepts of programming called VR‐OCKS. The system is inspired by other visual languages such as Scratch or Kodu, and it works by proposing to the user the resolution of simple puzzles in a 3D environment. Several basic commands to a humanoid character, such as advance or turn, together with control flow structures like iteration and conditional selections, are needed to provide a solution for increasingly difficult challenges. Our aim is to attract users, usually children and teenagers, into the world of programming by taking advantage of the appeal and potential of VR. The use of VR‐OCKS strengthened the spatial orientation and autonomy of the users, in addition to enhancing common sense, creative thinking, and systematic reasoning. In our experiments, VR‐OCKS was accepted by adults and children alike and it showed great potential as an educational tool.
Prepare for increased attention to language in course syllabi by lawmakers, others
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: September 2019

Course syllabi in higher education have always been deemed contractual, leading to an expansion in their length in recent years. The length of syllabi may continue to increase, and read more like contracts, as states and faculty members look to promulgate required language aimed at protecting student rights and notifying students of those rights.
Hypofractionated carbon‐ion radiotherapy for stage I peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer (GUNMA0701): Prospective phase II study
Authors: Saitoh Jun‐ichi , Shirai Katsuyuki , Mizukami Tatsuji , Abe Takanori , Ebara Takeshi , Ohno Tatsuya , Minato Koichi , Saito Ryusei , Yamada Masanobu , Nakano Takashi
Published: September 2019

This phase II study's aim was to confirm the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated carbon‐ion radiotherapy in patients with stage I peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study encompassed 37 patients with histologically proven peripheral stage I NSCLC in the period June 2010‐March 2015. All underwent the planned full dose of carbon‐ion radiotherapy, administered with relative biological effectiveness of 52.8 Gy and 60 Gy (divided into four fractions over 1 week) for T1 and T2a tumors, respectively. The 2‐year local control rate was set as the primary endpoint, while overall survival, progression‐free survival, and the incidence rates of acute and late adverse events were secondary endpoints. The patients were followed up for 56.3 months overall and 62.2 months in the surviving patients, respectively. The actuarial local control rates were 91.2% after 2 years, and 88.1% after 5 years. No differences were found between the T1 and T2a tumors in the 5‐year local control rate (90.9% vs 86.7%, P = .75). The actuarial overall survival rates achieved 91.9% for 2‐year and 74.9% for 5‐year period. T1 tumors showed actuarial 5‐year overall survival rates of 80%, compared to 66.7% in T2a tumors. Two patients with T2a tumors and either severe emphysema or bronchiectasis experienced lung toxicity ≥ grade 2, in contrast to T1 patients who only experienced mild toxicities (lower than grade 2). The findings suggest that carbon‐ion radiotherapy is effective and safe for peripheral stage I NSCLC; however, further clinical evaluations are needed to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.

Trial registration: UMIN000003797. Registered 21 June 2010, prospectively registered.
Epigallocatechin Exerts Anti‐Obesity Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Kim Hae‐Soo , Moon Jae‐Hak , Kim Young‐Min , Huh Joo‐Young
Published: September 2019

Catechins in green tea are well‐known to be effective in reducing the risk of obesity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of catechins present in green tea on adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte metabolism. Treatment of 3T3‐L1 mouse adipocyte during differentiation adipocytes with (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (GA) resulted in dose‐dependent inhibition of adipogenesis. Specifically, EGC increased adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) transcription in mature adipocytes. Transcription levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) were not significantly impacted by either of the compounds. These results suggest that the EGC is the most effective catechin having anti‐obesity activity. Finally, EGC is an attractive candidate component for remodeling obesity.
Overcoming Work‐Up Limitations of Biphasic Biocatalytic Reaction Mixtures Through Liquid‐Liquid Segmented Flow Processes
Authors: Adebar Niklas , Choi Ji Eun , Schober Lukas , Miyake Ryoma , Iura Takanobu , Kawabata Hiroshi , Gröger Harald
Published: September 2019

Biphasic biocatalytic reactions have gained much attention in the field of enzyme‐catalysed synthesis. As most components being of relevance for the pharmaceutical industry are hydrophobic, often biphasic reaction media turned out to be the solvent system of choice. However, in spite of successful reaction courses practical difficulties in the downstream‐processing, in particular extremely difficult phase separations due to emulsification and precipitation, represent a challenge to overcome in process development. In this work, we report our studies on the benefits of a simple flow set‐up being capable to minimise such work‐up limitations. In detail, a segmented flow system based on a biphasic MTBE/buffer mixture was successfully applied for two types of enzymatic reductions of a hydrophobic ketone in the presence of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as an enzyme class being known for their excellent enantioselectivity and successful utilization in the synthesis of a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The applicability of this flow system was demonstrated with two different enzymes as well as different substrates. Besides an ADH from Lactobacillus brevis, an ADH from Ogatea minuta was utilized for the reduction of acetophenone and 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone, respectively.
Activation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis by Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Jensen Uffe Bjørnholt , Mohammad‐Beigi Hossein , Shipovskov Stepan , Sutherland Duncan S. , Ferapontova Elena E.
Published: September 2019

Protein‐nanoparticle (NP) interactions offer a powerful tool to modulate enzymatic activity and activate biocatalysis. However, strong scattering effects may complicate conventional spectrophotometric studies of NP‐assisted biocatalysis. Here, bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of cellobiose by the Humicola insolens cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was electrochemically interrogated with two redox mediators, ferricyanide and cytochrome c, and two types of carbon NPs (CNPs), unmodified (CNP) and negatively charged 4‐sulfophenyl‐modified (CNP‐) ones. We show that both CNPs activate the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of cellobiose and improve the enzymatic specificity reflected in the kf/KM relationship of 6680 (no CNPs), 15500 (CNP‐) and 10444 M−1 s−1 (CNP) shown for ferricyanide‐mediated and 1262 (no CNPs), 3630 (CNP‐), and 6375 M−1 s−1 (CNP) for cytochrome c‐mediated reactions. The bioelectrocatalysis activation by CNPs apparently results from the interfacial/conformational regulation of the CDH activity and the CDH‐electron acceptor reactivity, which may also be the case of other nanomaterials such as frequently used in bioelectrochemistry carbon nanotubes.
Flexible Solid‐State Symmetric Supercapacitors Using HxWO3@Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with High Volumetric Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Mandal Debasish , Routh Parimal , Mahato Ashok K. , Nandi Arun K.
Published: September 2019

We have synthesized hydrogen tungsten oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide (HxWO3@rGO) composite with different precursor weight ratios of WS2 and GO, of which the WG1‐2 system, produced from WS2 and GO in the 1 : 2 weight ratio by treatment with hydrogen peroxide followed by hydrothermal treatment, shows high areal capacitance of 409 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density with retention of 61.4 % at 20 mA cm−2 current density. This HxWO3@rGO composite is drop‐cast onto graphite layer‐coated on scotch tape to design a flexible supercapacitor. The flexible solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor based on the WG1‐2 composite shows a high volumetric capacitance of 3.56 F cm−3 and ultrahigh energy density of 1.6 mW h cm−3 at 1469.43 mW cm−3 power density.
Application of Electrochemical Processes to Classical Iodocyclisation: Utility for Selectivity and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Li Diyuan , Seavill Peter W. , Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: September 2019

The hazards and difficulties of handling elemental halogens such as I2 can be circumvented through the electrochemical generation of these species in situ and ‘on‐demand’. Advantages of this approach include the halogen being introduced into the reaction mixture at a steady rate, ensuring low concentrations to prevent halogenation of reactive aromatic rings. We also demonstrate that the Lewis acid required to promote this reaction, a Zn(II) salt, can also be generated in situ from a zinc‐coated graphite electrode in a clean and energy‐efficient manner. Mechanistic studies indicate an unusual pathway, which provides selectivity for the iodocyclisation without the often‐problematic electrophilic aromatic iodination of the aryl ring.
Accelerated Photo‐Induced Degradation of Benzidine‐p‐Aminothiophenolate Immobilized at Light‐Enhancing TiO2 Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Querebillo Christine Joy , Öner Ibrahim Halil , Hildebrandt Peter , Ly Khoa Hoang , Weidinger Inez M.
Published: September 2019

Herein, the enhanced visible‐light‐induced degradation of the azo‐dye benzidine‐p‐aminothiophenolate immobilized on TiO2 nanotube electrodes is reported. Exploiting the reported photonic properties of the TiO2 support and the strong electronic absorption of the dye allowed for employing surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at 413 nm to simultaneously trigger the photoreaction and follow the time‐dependent decay process. Degradation rate constants of up to 25 s−1 were observed, which stand among the highest reported values for laser‐induced degradation of immobilized dyes on photonically active supports. Contrast experiments with two differently light‐enhancing TiO2 nanotube electrodes establish the direct correlation of the material's optical response, that is, electromagnetic field enhancement, on the interfacial photocatalytic reaction.
Perylene‐Grafted Silicas: Mechanistic Study and Applications in Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Carrillo Adela I. , Elhage Ayda , Marin M. Luisa , Lanterna Anabel E.
Published: September 2019

A mechanistic study is herein presented for the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts based on perylene moieties. First, the successful immobilization of perylene diimides (PDI) on silica matrices is demonstrated, including their full characterization by means of electronic microscopy, surface area measurements, powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR, 29Si and 13C solid‐state NMR, fluorescence, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. Then, the photoredox activity of the material was tested by using two model reactions, alkene oxidation and 4‐nitrobenzylbromide reduction, and mechanistic studies were performed. The mechanistic insights into their photoredox activity show they have promising dual photocatalytic activity for both organic oxidations and reductions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles to 3,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopropenes
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Oestreich Martin
Published: September 2019

A highly stereocontrolled syn‐addition of silicon nucleophiles across cyclopropenes with two different geminal substituents at C3 is reported. Diastereomeric ratios are excellent throughout (d.r.≥98:2) and enantiomeric excesses usually higher than 90 %, even reaching 99 %. This copper‐catalyzed C−Si bond formation closes the gap of the direct synthesis of α‐chiral cyclopropylsilanes.
Prevalence of HPV‐16/18 genotypes and immediate histopathologic correlation results in a Chinese population with negative cytology and positive high‐risk HPV testing
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Li Juan , Zhang Hao , Xiao Jianan , Zhang Lihong , Zhou Xianrong , Sui Long , Wang Li , Zhao Chengquan
Published: September 2019

Background

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV‐16/18) genotypes and immediate histopathologic correlations in a Chinese population with negative cytology and positive high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing.

Methods

Patients who had documented negative cytology with immediate follow‐up (within the 6 months after negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy Papanicolaou [Pap] testing), including a histopathologic examination and/or hrHPV testing, between 2011 and 2018 were included, and the data were analyzed.

Results

Among 1,424,182 Pap tests, 1,333,453 (93.6%) were interpreted as negative cytology. Although conventional Pap smears had the highest reporting rate, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and higher (CIN‐2+) lesions were detected significantly more with liquid‐based cytology preparations (2.1%) than the conventional method (1.4%; P < .01). The overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 14.9% (25,507 of 171,273) in the women with negative cytology. Among the 18,423 cytology‐negative, HPV‐positive cases tested with the Cobas assay, the overall HPV‐16/18 prevalence was 24.7%, with 17.9% being HPV‐16–positive, 6.2% being HPV‐18–positive, and 0.6% being positive for both HPV‐16 and HPV‐18. The immediate histopathologic examination was documented for 21,796 women with cotesting results, including 8915 HPV‐positive cases and 12,881 HPV‐negative cases. CIN‐2+ lesions were diagnosed in 15.2% of the HPV‐16–positive cases; this rate was significantly higher than the rates seen in the HPV‐18–positive cases (4.8%) and the cases positive for 1 of the other 12 types of HPV (3.0%).

Conclusions

This is by far the largest routine clinical practice report of HPV‐16/18 genotyping and histopathologic examination in negative‐cytology women and the first report of such an investigation in the Chinese population. This study indicates enhanced risk stratification with HPV‐16/18 genotype testing in HPV‐positive, cytology‐negative women in the Chinese population.