bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-Energy CT Iodine Uptake of Head and Neck: Definition of Reference Values in a Big Data Cohort
Authors: Yel Ibrahim , Bucolo Giuseppe Mauro , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Koch Vitali , Gökduman Aynur , D′Angelo Tommaso , Grünewald Leon David , Dimitrova Mirela , Eichler Katrin , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite a considerable amount of literature on dual-energy CT (DECT) iodine uptake of the head and neck, the physiologic iodine uptake of this region has not been defined yet. This study aims to establish reference values for the iodine uptake of healthy organs to facilitate clinical application. Methods: Consecutive venous DECT scans of the head and neck were reviewed, and unremarkable exams were included (n = 617). A total of 35 region of interest measurements were performed in 16 anatomical regions. Iodine uptake was compared among different organs/tissues and subgroup analysis was performed (male (n = 403) vs. female (n = 214); young (n = 207) vs. middle-aged (n = 206) vs. old (n = 204); and normal weight (n = 314) vs. overweight (n = 196) vs. obese (n = 107)). Results: Overall mean iodine uptake values ranged between 0.5 and 9.4 mg/mL. Women showed higher iodine concentrations in the cervical vessels and higher uptake for the parotid gland, masseter muscle, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, palatine tonsils, tongue body, thyroid gland, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle than men (p ≤ 0.04). With increasing age, intravascular iodine concentrations increased as well as iodine uptake for cerebellum and thyroid gland, while values for the tongue and palatine tonsils were lower compared to younger subjects (p ≤ 0.03). Iodine concentrations for parotid glands and sternocleidomastoid muscles decreased with a higher BMI (p ≤ 0.004), while normal-weighted patients showed higher iodine values inside the jugular veins, other cervical glands, and tonsils versus patients with a higher BMI (p ≤ 0.04). Conclusion: physiologic iodine uptake values of cervical organs and tissues show gender-, age-, and BMI-related differences, which should be considered in the clinical routine of head and neck DECT.
Improving Respiratory Infection Diagnosis with Deep Learning and Combinatorial Fusion: A Two-Stage Approach Using Chest X-ray Imaging
Authors: Pan Cheng-Tang , Kumar Rahul , Wen Zhi-Hong , Wang Chih-Hsuan , Chang Chun-Yung , Shiue Yow-Ling
Published: February 2024

The challenges of respiratory infections persist as a global health crisis, placing substantial stress on healthcare infrastructures and necessitating ongoing investigation into efficacious treatment modalities. The persistent challenge of respiratory infections, including COVID-19, underscores the critical need for enhanced diagnostic methodologies to support early treatment interventions. This study introduces an innovative two-stage data analytics framework that leverages deep learning algorithms through a strategic combinatorial fusion technique, aimed at refining the accuracy of early-stage diagnosis of such infections. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset compiled from publicly available lung X-ray images, the research employs advanced pre-trained deep learning models to navigate the complexities of disease classification, addressing inherent data imbalances through methodical validation processes. The core contribution of this work lies in its novel application of combinatorial fusion, integrating select models to significantly elevate diagnostic precision. This approach not only showcases the adaptability and strength of deep learning in navigating the intricacies of medical imaging but also marks a significant step forward in the utilization of artificial intelligence to improve outcomes in healthcare diagnostics. The study’s findings illuminate the path toward leveraging technological advancements in enhancing diagnostic accuracies, ultimately contributing to the timely and effective treatment of respiratory diseases.
Multitask Learning for Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress (DAS) Using Wearables
Authors: Saylam Berrenur , İncel Özlem Durmaz
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the prediction of mental well-being factors—depression, stress, and anxiety—using the NetHealth dataset from college students. The research addresses four key questions, exploring the impact of digital biomarkers on these factors, their alignment with conventional psychology literature, the time-based performance of applied methods, and potential enhancements through multitask learning. The findings reveal modality rankings aligned with psychology literature, validated against paper-based studies. Improved predictions are noted with temporal considerations, and further enhanced by multitasking. Mental health multitask prediction results show aligned baseline and multitask performances, with notable enhancements using temporal aspects, particularly with the random forest (RF) classifier. Multitask learning improves outcomes for depression and stress but not anxiety using RF and XGBoost.
Correction: Calisi et al. Integrated Surveying, from Laser Scanning to UAV Systems, for Detailed Documentation of Architectural and Archeological Heritage. Drones 2023, 7, 568
Authors: Calisi Daniele , Botta Stefano , Cannata Alessandro
Published: February 2024

In the original publication [...]
Exploring the Potential of Remote Sensing to Facilitate Integrated Weed Management in Smallholder Farms: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gokool Shaeden , Mahomed Maqsooda , Clulow Alistair , Sibanda Mbulisi , Kunz Richard , Naiken Vivek , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: February 2024

In light of a growing population and climate change compounding existing pressures on the agri-food system, there is a growing need to diversify agri-food systems and optimize the productivity and diversity of smallholder farming systems to enhance food and nutrition security under climate change. In this context, improving weed management takes on added significance, since weeds are among the primary factors contributing to crop yield losses for smallholder farmers. Adopting remote-sensing-based approaches to facilitate precision agricultural applications such as integrated weed management (IWM) has emerged as a potentially more effective alternative to conventional weed control approaches. However, given their unique socio-economic circumstances, there remains limited knowledge and understanding of how these technological advancements can be best utilized within smallholder farm settings. As such, this study used a systematic scoping review and attribute analysis to analyze 53 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus to gain further insight into remote-sensing-based IWM approaches and identify which are potentially best suited for smallholder farm applications. The findings of this review revealed that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the most frequently utilized remote sensing platform for IWM applications and are also well suited for mapping and monitoring weeds within spatially heterogeneous areas such as smallholder farms. Despite the potential of these technologies for IWM, several obstacles to their operationalization within smallholder farm settings must be overcome, and careful consideration must be given on how best to maximize their potential before investing in these technologies.
Joint Incentive Mechanism Design and Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Federated Learning in UAV-Assisted Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Lin Shangjing , Li Yueying , Han Zhibo , Zhuang Bei , Ma Ji , Tianfield Huaglory
Published: February 2024

With the increasing demand for application development of task publishers (e.g., automobile enterprises) in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), federated learning (FL) can be used to enable vehicle users (VUs) to conduct local application training without disclosing data. However, the challenges of VUs’ intermittent connectivity, low proactivity, and limited resources are inevitable issues in the process of FL. In this paper, we propose a UAV-assisted FL framework in the context of the IoV. An incentive stage and a training stage are involved in this framework. UAVs serve as central servers, which assist to incentivize VUs, manage VUs’ contributed resources, and provide model aggregation, making sure communication efficiency and mobility enhancement in FL. The numerical results show that, compared with the baseline algorithms, the proposed algorithm reduces energy consumption by 50.3% and improves model convergence speed by 30.6%.
Greater Expectations: An Appreciative Inquiry into How UK Home-Educating Families Support Their Children’s Learning
Authors: Zhang Kaili C.
Published: February 2024

Elective home education is a significant aspect of the UK educational system, yet dedicated research on this topic is limited. This study, employing Appreciative Inquiry, explored the best practices perceived by 90 UK home-educating parents. It uncovered diverse strategies, emphasising the importance of resources such as technology, curricula, and collaborative efforts within home education co-operatives. Parents stressed the value of flexible learning environments and strong family commitment, envisioning a future with an enhanced home learning atmosphere and government and school support. They recommended concrete guidance for prospective home-educating parents, focusing on comprehensive child development. Ultimately, families aspired to shape a future for home education that prioritises enriched learning environments, broader societal recognition, and practical support for those embarking on the home education journey. The study’s findings have implications for children’s development, facilitating collaboration between homes and schools, as well as partnerships between families and educators.
Psychological Distress and Behavioral Vigilance in Response to Minority Stress and Threat among Members of the Asian American and Pacific Islander Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Franks Andrew S. , Nguyen Rin , Xiao Y. Jenny , Abbott Dena M.
Published: February 2024

Stigmatization, hostility, and violence towards the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community have increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to conduct research to promote understanding of the effects of such stigmatization on the AAPI community. Accordingly, the present study used a combined minority stress and integrated threat framework to examine whether factors related to AAPI identity would moderate the relationship between stigmatization/threat associated with AAPI identity and increased psychological distress and behavioral vigilance. AAPI individuals were recruited online from both Turk Prime and Reddit and completed measures of perceived stigmatization; integrated threat; depression, anxiety, and stress; and behavioral vigilance. Perceptions of stigmatization and threat predicted relevant outcomes both as individual predictors and in multivariate analyses. However, factors relating to the strength of AAPI identification did not moderate the effects of stigmatization and threat on psychological distress and behavioral vigilance, which is a result that failed to support this aspect of the broader conceptual model on which this project was based. Instead, these proposed moderators were themselves predicted by stigmatization and threat variables. The implications of these findings for effective interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of anti-Asian stigmatization are discussed.
The Reflective Mind of the Anxious in Action: Metacognitive Beliefs and Maladaptive Emotional Regulation Strategies Constrain Working Memory Efficiency
Authors: Cécillon François-Xavier , Mermillod Martial , Leys Christophe , Bastin Hippolyte , Lachaux Jean-Philippe , Shankland Rebecca
Published: February 2024

The Attentional Control Theory (ACT) posits that, while trait anxiety may not directly impact performance, it can influence processing efficiency by prompting the use of compensatory mechanisms. The specific nature of these mechanisms, which might be reflective, is not detailed by the ACT. In a study involving 110 students (M = 20.12; SD = 2.10), surveys were administered to assess the students’ metacognitive beliefs, trait anxiety, and emotion regulation strategies (ERSs). The participants engaged in two working memory exercises: the digit span task from the WAIS-IV and an emotional n-back task. The findings indicated that anxiety, metacognitive beliefs, and maladaptive ERSs did not affect task performance but were correlated with increased response times. Several regression analyses demonstrated that a lack of confidence in one’s cognitive abilities and maladaptive ERSs predict higher reaction times (RT) in the n-back task. Additionally, maladaptive ERSs also predict an increased use of strategies in the digit span task. Finally, two mediation analyses revealed that anxiety increases processing efficiency, and this relation is mediated by the use of maladaptive ERSs. These results underscore the importance of the reflective level in mediating the effects of trait anxiety on efficiency. They highlight the necessity of incorporating metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies for a thorough comprehension of the Attentional Control Theory. Recognizing these factors offers valuable perspectives for enhancing cognitive capabilities and fostering academic achievement.
Experimental Study of the Dynamic Water–Gas Ratio of Water and Gas Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Cao Xiaopeng , Liu Tongjing , Feng Qihong , Zhao Lekun , Sun Jiangfei , Jiang Liwu , Liu Jinju , Fu Baochen
Published: February 2024

WAG flooding is a dynamic process of continuous reservoir flow field reconstruction. The unique advantages of WAG flooding cannot be utilized, due to the fixed water–gas ratio. Therefore, we must investigate the dynamic adjustment of the water–gas ratio for WAG flooding. Using nine cases of long-core displacement experiments in low-permeability reservoirs, the development effects of three different displacement methods, namely, continuous gas flooding, WAG flooding with a fixed water–gas ratio, and WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio, were investigated after elastic development, water flooding, and gas flooding. This study shows that for early elastic development in low-permeability reservoirs, WAG flooding can significantly improve oil recovery, but WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is not conducive to the control of the water cut rise and gas channeling. As a result, it is more suitable to adopt WAG flooding with a fixed water–gas ratio. For early water flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, WAG flooding more clearly improves oil recovery and suppresses gas channeling, but WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio exhibits a higher oil recovery and thus is recommended. For early gas flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, whether the development effect of WAG flooding can improve oil recovery and inhibit gas channeling strongly depends on whether the water–gas ratio is adjusted. The development effect of WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is significantly better than that with a fixed water–gas ratio. Therefore, WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is recommended to achieve the best displacement effect. This research has important practical significance for further improving the development effect of WAG flooding in low-permeability reservoirs.
The Effect of Magnetic Anisotropy on the Computed Specific Total Loss in Electrical Steel
Authors: Pluta Wojciech A.
Published: February 2024

Grain-oriented (GO) electrical steel (ES) laminates are still very important in industrial applications due to their remarkable crystallographic properties. Cores of large electrical machines and transformers are built from ES. The performances of these devices are significantly influenced by the properties of ES. The improvement of ES properties has been the subject of considerable research for many years. The phenomenon of magnetic anisotropy is highly non-linear, and it should be taken into account by the designers of magnetic circuits. The article proposes a modified model for calculating the angular properties of specific total loss of ES. The modeling takes into account the isotropic component (from classic eddy currents) and the anisotropic component, which is the sum of hysteresis and excess losses. For the directional loss modeling, the Boltzmann function was used. An analysis of the dependency of model coefficients on the frequency is presented.
Si-N Matrix as an Effective Fire Retardant Source for Cotton Fabric, Prepared through Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Rehman Zeeshan Ur , Khan Laila , Hwain Lee , Chiho Yun , Koo Bon Heun
Published: February 2024

In this study, process control factors such as dipping time, heat treatment time and curing conditions were optimized to prepare N-Si network sol–gel-based coatings on a cotton fabric. The dipping time was varied from 14 h to 30 min, the heat treatment time at ~90 °C was varied between no heating conditions to 15 h and the curing was performed at 165 °C. The microstructure of the coating was analyzed using low electron scanning microscopy (LV-SEM), while a compositional study of the coated substrate was carried out using FTIR and EDS techniques. From the thermal and combustion analysis of the coated samples using thermogravimetric and vertical flame test techniques, significant resistance to the degradation process was observed, particularly in the initial stages, in addition to the highest char residue for DI-0.5 h-15~32.93%. Similarly, for DI–5 h–RT, the peak degradation temperature was around ~372 °C, accompanied by a notable char residue of approximately 31.12%. The flame spread and burning rate profile further supported the findings; DI-0.5 h-15 and DI-5 h-RT had the lowest flame spread.
Application of Organic Acid Salts as Feed Additives in Some Aquatic Organisms: Potassium Diformate
Authors: Chen Junxiang , He Shilong , Zhang Zelong , Li Jiajun , Zhang Xiuxia , Li Juntao , Xu Jiarui , Zheng Peihua , Xian Jianan , Lu Yaopeng
Published: February 2024

Antibiotics are the primary measures employed in the prevention and treatment of diseases in aquaculture. However, the frequent utilization of antibiotics can significantly impact the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms, resulting in water pollution. The European Union (EU) has prohibited antibiotic additives in animal feed. Potassium diformate (KDF) represents the first non-antibiotic feed additive approved by the EU as a viable alternative to antibiotics. Its application in animal nutrition has been validated, demonstrating beneficial health effects. This article reviews the physicochemical properties, biological functions, synthesis conditions, and applications of KDF in aquaculture and looks toward to its future potential. It also provides insights into improving the utilization of KDF in aquaculture practices.
Assessment of Fish Species in Wanlv Lake, the Largest Drinking Water Source in South China, by Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Technology
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Fu Jinghua , Zhou Dingkang , Huang Jiasen , Xu Minjun
Published: February 2024

As the largest lake in South China, Wanlv Lake is also an important drinking water source for Guangdong and Hong Kong and is responsible for water supplying of more than 40 million people in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The study of fish diversity in Wanlv Lake can help us to effectively understand the changes and states of its aquatic ecosystem and provide scientific basis for natural ecological protection, biodiversity, sustainable use and scientific management of fishery resources. However, research on the lake’s fish is scarce. The high throughput environmental DNA metabarcoding technology (eDNA technology) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequence was herein used to conduct a preliminary exploration of Wanlv Lake fish diversity. A total of 10 sampling sites were set up to monitor fish diversity and analyze the composition and richness of the species. The results revealed a total of 83 genera in 42 families and 17 orders of fish in the lake, with the highest proportion found in Cypriniformes (38 species), accounting for 45.24% of the total. Five alien species and eight rare and endangered species were also detected. The proportion of invasive species was 5.95%, and the combined proportion of rare and endangered species was 9.52%. The results indicated that Wanlv Lake serves as an important drinking water source, and overall, the condition of fish is satisfactory. However, proactive measures should be implemented to control the overpopulation of invasive species, as their unchecked proliferation may lead to a decline in species abundance, particularly among endangered species. This was the first overall assessment report on fish of the Wanlv Lake via 12S rRNA; the results herein lay a foundation for water quality assessment of Wanlv Lake as a drinking water source.
Impacts of a Moderate-Sized Earthquake: The 2023 Magnitude (Mw) 4.7 Leyte, Leyte Earthquake, Philippines
Authors: Perez Jeffrey S. , Llamas Deo Carlo E. , Buhay Daniel Jose L. , Constantino Ryan Christian C. , Legaspi Crystel Jade M. , Lagunsad Kristine Dionne B. , Grutas Rhommel N. , Quimson Marc Marion Y.
Published: February 2024

On 15 January 2023, a shallow, moderate earthquake with a magnitude (Mw) of 4.7 and a depth of one kilometer struck the northern part of Leyte Island in the central Philippines. Originating along the northern Leyte segment of the Philippine Fault, a well-established creeping fault, the earthquake caused significant geologic, structural, and socio-economic impacts despite its low magnitude. Probable surface rupture and landslides were reported, leading to a comprehensive field investigation. Our investigation revealed an ~8 km discontinuous surface rupture along the northern Leyte segment of the Philippine Fault, with a maximum left-lateral displacement of 2 cm. This was the first documented occurrence of such a phenomenon associated with an earthquake of a magnitude less than 6, particularly along a creeping fault segment. The maximum ground shaking felt was reported on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) to be VI (very strong), equivalent to a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of VI along the fault strike. However, strong motion accelerographs recorded a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.407 g, equivalent to PEIS VIII (very destructive), attributed to local site amplification influenced by subsurface geology. In the area where the local site amplification occurred, limited liquefaction was observed on marshlands with recent and alluvial deposits. Two landslides were observed in the mountainous area west of the fault. Structural damages were noted in areas with PEIS VI intensity and areas transected by the surface rupture. Despite the earthquake’s low magnitude, the event documented significant impacts, including surface ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, and severe structural damage. The peculiarities of this event are attributed to the shallowness of the earthquake source, and local site conditions, including geology, geomorphology, and soil properties, contributed to the severity of the impacts. Moderate in size, this earthquake emphasizes the importance of documenting moderate-sized earthquakes as a tool and guide for medium- and long-term earthquake risk assessment and resiliency.
Dietary Adherence and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults by Nativity Status: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014
Authors: Alam Md Towfiqul , Vásquez Elizabeth , Etnier Jennifer L. , Echeverria Sandra
Published: February 2024

Although adherence to dietary guidelines is associated with better cognitive performance, there may be differences by nativity status. This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the healthy eating index (HEI) and cognitive performance (CP) among United States (US)-born and foreign-born older adults (60+ years). Data were obtained from the 2011–2014 NHANES (n = 3065). Dietary adherence was assessed with HEI quintiles. CP (adequate vs. low) was examined using word listing (CERAD), animal naming (AFT), and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Weighted multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine associations. The US-born participants in higher dietary quintiles had adequate CP when compared to foreign-born participants. In adjusted models, the US-born participants in the highest HEI quintile had increased odds of adequate DSST scores (odds ratio: 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–3.28) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Patterns of association were generally reversed for foreign-born participants and were non-statistically significant. Future research should consider the influence of diets in delaying or preventing decline in cognition and evaluate nutritional factors that contribute to cognitive outcomes for the foreign-born population.
Impact of Antibiotics Used for Acute Aspiration Bronchitis on the Prevention of Pneumonia
Authors: Goto Akihiko , Komiya Kosaku , Umeki Kenji , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds: It remains unclear if antibiotics should be used for the treatment of acute aspiration bronchitis to prevent the development of pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the associations between the use of antibiotics and the development of pneumonia among patients with acute aspiration bronchitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with acute aspiration bronchitis aged ≥75 years. Acute aspiration bronchitis was defined as a condition with aspiration risk, high fever (body temperature, ≥37.5 °C), respiratory symptoms, and the absence of evidence of pneumonia. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia between patients treated with and without antibiotics for acute aspiration bronchitis (6/44, 14% vs. 31/143, 22%; p = 0.242). Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (adjusted odds ratio, 0.956; 95% confidence interval, 0.920–0.993) was significantly associated with the development of pneumonia. Conclusions: Antibiotic administration should not be routinely recommended to prevent pneumonia following acute aspiration bronchitis, and patients with decreased renal function should be closely monitored. A randomized controlled trial is necessary to validate these results.
Prospective Visual Inspection of the Ventrum of Tongue (VIVOT) Vasculature Predicts the Presence of Esophageal Varices
Authors: Tobi Martin , Pascua Monina , Rodriguez Rebecca , Yang Yu-Xiao , Lieb John , Weinstein Douglas , Kaplan David E.
Published: February 2024

Venous collateral shunting of blood from the splanchnic to systemic venous systems due to portal hypertension increases the pressure in the ventral lingual venous bed. We hypothesized that the appearance of sublingual varices evaluated by pre-endoscopy/bedside visual inspection of ventrum of tongue (VIVOT) might predict the presence of esophageal varices (EVs). Methods: To test this hypothesis, we prospectively enrolled patients with cirrhosis (CP) referred for EV screening for assessment of lingual vasculature after informed consent. Non-cirrhosis control patients were also enrolled. Methods: VIVOT was scored based on the presence of vessels > 2 mm and/or serpiginous veins. VIVOT scores were then correlated with endoscopic findings. Results: A total of 59 patients with cirrhosis (Group 1) were enrolled, as were 62 patients without cirrhosis (Group 2). Group 1 consisted of 100% male patients with mean age 59.5 ± 5.4 years; 39.0% were African American (AA). Group 2 consisted of 86% male patients, 59.0 ± 13 years and 53% AA. Among Group 1 patients, varices were present in 29% (16 esophageal and 3 gastric). There were no demographic differences among Group 1 patients with or without varices. Positive VIVOT scores were associated with EVs on endoscopy in 11 of 16 patients (sensitivity 68.75%). Positive VIVOT findings were present in 8 of 40 patients without EVs (specificity 80%). False-positive VIVOT scores were present in 6 of 62 non-cirrhotic controls. Overall, the positive predictive value among patients with cirrhosis was 59% with a negative predictive value of 84%. Conclusions: VIVOT has modest values in predicting EVs and should not be used alone to stratify patients for endoscopic evaluation when elastography and laboratory tests are available; however, its use in resource-limited settings to identify high-risk patients may be considered.
Listing the Body: Embodied Experience and Identity in Autobiographical Graphic Illness Narratives
Authors: Pedri Nancy
Published: February 2024

“Listing the Body: Embodied Experience and Identity in Autobiographical Graphic Illness Narratives” examines the popular use of lists in autobiographical graphic illness narratives to determine how they are used to address the subject’s embodied experience of illness. After a brief discussion of what lists are and how they have been said to function in literary texts, attention is given to examining how the verbal and visual lists included in several autobiographical graphic illness narratives narrate identity as understood across the body, in the mind of the self, and in the mind of others. Asking how lists function within autobiographical graphic illness narratives to address the ill subject’s fluctuating understanding of self as an embodied being, the article concludes that lists narrate the subject’s lived experience of illness.
Integrated Investigations of Painting Materials in the Sasanian City of Ardaxšīr Khwarrah, near Firuzabad (Southern Iran)
Authors: Amadori Maria Letizia , Mengacci Valeria , Callieri Pierfrancesco , Askari Chaverdi Alireza , Bartolucci Matteo , Eftekhari Negar , Andreotti Alessia , Holakooei Parviz
Published: February 2024

Ancient Ardaxšīr Khwarrah, today known as Shahr-e Gur, situated near the modern town of Firuzabad in Fars, Iran, holds historical significance as the inaugural capital city of the Sasanian Empire. During archaeological excavations conducted in 2005 by an Iranian–German team directed by Mas‘oud Azarnoush and Dietrich Huff, a mud-brick complex was uncovered, revealing a remarkably well-preserved stretch of wall painting and a polychrome painted floor. The discovery prompted the hypothesis of a potential funerary context dating back to the Sasanian period. Both the wall painting and painted floor have suffered extensive deterioration attributed to the environmental conditions of the archaeological site, which was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2020. To address the urgent need for preservation and further understanding of the site’s artistic and structural elements, an emergency diagnostic project was initiated. Non-invasive investigations were carried out on the wall and floor by optical digital microscopy and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Additionally, representative minute samples underwent analysis through various techniques, including micro-X-ray fluorescence, polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The palette of the floor and mural paintings were identified to contain red and yellow ochres, lead-based pigments, carbon black and bone white. The unexpected presence of Egyptian blue mixed with green earth was recognised in the green hues of the wall painting. The detection of protein material in both the wall painting and polychrome floor indicates the use of “a secco” technique, thereby shedding light on the artistic practices employed in Ardaxšīr Khwarrah.
Powdery Mildew of Bigleaf Hydrangea: Biology, Control, and Breeding Strategies for Resistance
Authors: Jennings Christina , Baysal-Gurel Fulya , Alexander Lisa W.
Published: February 2024

Hydrangea macrophylla, commonly known as bigleaf, garden, French, or florist hydrangea, is the most economically important member of the Hydrangea genus, with a breeding history spanning hundreds of years. Bigleaf hydrangea breeding improvement has largely focused on aesthetic traits and there are few varieties tolerant or resistant to major diseases such as powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is an obligate biotrophic Ascomycete in the order Erysiphales represented by approximately 900 species worldwide. The disease-causing agent in hydrangeas is Golovinomyces orontii (formerly Erysiphe polygoni DC), which tarnishes the beauty, growth, and salability of bigleaf hydrangea plants, especially those packed closely in production environments. Chemical or biological control is commonly used in production. A recently published haplotype-resolved genome of bigleaf hydrangea enables targeted analyses and breeding techniques for powdery mildew resistance. Analyzing transcriptomes of tolerant and susceptible hydrangeas through RNA sequencing will lead to the identification of differentially expressed genes and/or pathways. Concurrent application of marker-assisted selection, genetic transformation, and gene editing will contribute to the development of powdery-mildew-resistant varieties of bigleaf hydrangea. The aim of this review is to give a general overview of powdery mildew, its impact on bigleaf hydrangea, current control methods, molecular mechanisms, and breeding prospects for powdery mildew resistance in bigleaf hydrangea.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Inflammation in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lespérance Paul , Desbeaumes Jodoin Véronique , Drouin David , Racicot Frédéric , Miron Jean-Philippe , Longpré-Poirier Christophe , Fournier-Gosselin Marie-Pierre , Thebault Paméla , Lapointe Réjean , Arbour Nathalie , Cailhier Jean-François
Published: February 2024

Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) is used for the treatment of epilepsy and major medical-refractory depression. VNS has neuropsychiatric functions and systemic anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study is to measure the clinical efficacy and impact of VNS modulation in depressive patients. Six patients with refractory depression were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating, and anxiety symptoms with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Plasmas were harvested prospectively before the implantation of VNS (baseline) and up to 4 years or more after continuous therapy. Forty soluble molecules were measured in the plasma by multiplex assays. Following VNS, the reduction in the mean depression severity score was 59.9% and the response rate was 87%. Anxiety levels were also greatly reduced. IL-7, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, Flt-1 and VEGFc levels were significantly lowered, whereas bFGF levels were increased (p values ranging from 0.004 to 0.02). This exploratory study is the first to focus on the long-term efficacy of VNS and its consequences on inflammatory biomarkers. VNS may modulate inflammation via an increase in blood–brain barrier integrity and a reduction in inflammatory cell recruitment. This opens the door to new pathways involved in the treatment of refractory depression.
Special Issue “Molecular Studies of Dermatitis: From Mechanism to Therapy”
Authors: Nakada Tokio
Published: February 2024

Dermatitis (eczema) represents a group of inflammatory cutaneous diseases [...]
In Vitro Evaluation of Essential Oils and Saturated Fatty Acids for Repellency against the Old-World Sand Fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Temeyer Kevin B. , Schlechte Kristie G. , Coats Joel R. , Cantrell Charles L. , Rosario-Cruz Rodrigo , Lohmeyer Kimberly H. , Pérez de León Adalberto A. , Li Andrew Y.
Published: February 2024

The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), is a major vector for Leishmania major in the Middle East, which has impacted human health and US military operations in the area, demonstrating the need to develop effective sand fly control and repellent options. Here, we report the results of spatial repellency and avoidance experiments in a static air olfactometer using the female P. papatasi testing essential oils of Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Pimenta dioica (allspice), Amyris balsamifera (amyris), Nepeta cataria (catnip), Mentha piperita (peppermint), and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree); the 9–12 carbon saturated fatty acids (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid); and the synthetic repellents DEET and IR3535. The materials applied at 1% exhibited varying activity levels but were not significantly different in mean repellency and avoidance from DEET and IR3535, except in regards to nonanoic acid. Some materials, particularly nonanoic and undecanoic acids, produced sand fly mortality. The observed trends in mean repellency over exposure time included the following: (1) P. dioica oil, M. alternifolia oil, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, DEET, and IR3535 exhibited increasing mean repellency over time; (2) oils of N. cataria, A. balsamifera, M. piperita, and dodecanoic acid exhibited relatively constant mean repellency over time; and (3) L. graveolens oil and nonanoic acid exhibited a general decrease in mean repellent activity over time. These studies identified the essential oils of N. cataria and A. balsamifera as effective spatial repellents at reduced concentrations compared to those of DEET. Additional research is required to elucidate the modes of action and potential synergism of repellents and essential oil components for enhanced repellency activity.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Frequent in Patients with Rapidly Destructive Osteoarthritis—Data from a Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Horas Konstantin , Maier Gerrit , Rudert Maximilian , Jakuscheit Axel , Weißenberger Manuel , Stratos Ioannis , Heinz Tizian , Rak Dominik , Anderson Philip Mark , Arnholdt Jörg
Published: February 2024

Background: Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis (RDO) of the hip joint is characterised by the rapid destruction of the femoral head with or without acetabular involvement. There has been increasing interest in this disease over the past years; however, the entity is still poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Yet, there is ample evidence today that increased bone metabolism might play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. Vitamin D is of utmost importance to maintain a balanced bone metabolism. However, whether vitamin D deficiency is involved in disease development remains to be elucidated. Further, the vitamin D status of patients with RDO has not yet been analysed. For this reason, the objective of this study was to assess the vitamin D status of patients with RDO. Moreover, the aim was to clarify whether there is a difference in the vitamin D status of patients with RDO compared with patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: In this single-centre analysis, the 25(OH)D, PTH, and calcium levels of 29 patients who presented with RDO between 2020 and 2022 were assessed. Results: Altogether, 97% of patients (28/29) were vitamin D deficient, a further 3% (1/29) were vitamin D insufficient, and not a single patient presented with a sufficient vitamin D status. Notably, the vitamin D levels of RDO patients (mean = 11.04 ng/mL) were significantly lower than the vitamin D levels of patients with OA (mean = 22.16 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, we found a widespread and high rate of vitamin D deficiency in patients with RDO. Hence, we believe that 25(OH)D status should routinely be analysed in these patients.
Odontoid Fracture with Accompanying Severe Atlantoaxial Instability in Elderly Patients—Analysis of Treatment, Adverse Events, and Outcome
Authors: Kreinest Michael , Raisch Philipp , Hörnig Lukas , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul A. , Jung Matthias K.
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: In elderly patients with type II odontoid fractures, accompanying severe atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is discussed as a marker possibly warranting more aggressive surgical therapy. This study aimed to characterize adverse events as well as the radiological and functional outcomes of surgical vs. conservative therapy in patients with odontoid fracture and AAI. (2) Methods: Patients aged 65 years and older with type II odontoid fracture and AAI treated were included. AAI was assumed if the mean subluxation across both atlantoaxial facet joints in the sagittal plane was greater than 50%. Data on demographics, comorbidities, treatment, adverse events, radiological, and functional outcomes were analyzed. (3) Results: Thirty-nine patients were included. Hospitalization time was significantly shorter in conservatively treated patients compared to patients with ventral or dorsal surgery. Adverse events occurred in 11 patients (28.2%), affecting 10 surgically treated patients (35.7%), and 1 conservatively treated patient (9.1%). Moreover, 25 patients were followed-up (64.1%). One secondary dislocation occurred in the conservative group (11.1%) and three in the surgical group (18.8%). (4) Conclusions: Despite the potential for instability in this injury, conservative treatment does not seem to lead to unfavorable short-term results, less adverse events, and a shorter hospital stay and should thus be considered and discussed with patients as a treatment option, even in the presence of severe AAI.
The Use of Clear Aligners in Multi-Segmental Maxillary Surgery: A Case–Control Study in Cleft Lip and Palate and Skeletal Class III Patients
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Demonte Leonardo Paolo , Cohen Noah , Battista Valeria Marinella Augusta , Rabbiosi Dimitri , Autelitano Luca
Published: February 2024

Background: Maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular asymmetry may be corrected with orthognathic surgery after growth completion. For most stable results, some cases may require segmental Le Fort I osteotomies. Unfortunately, Invisalign’s software (6.0 version) still has some inherent limitations in predicting outcomes for complex surgeries. This study explores the potential of aligners, particularly in multiple-piece maxillary osteotomies in both cleft and non-cleft patients. Method: Thirteen patients who underwent pre-surgical treatment with Invisalign were retrospectively matched in terms of diagnosis, surgical procedure, and orthodontic complexity with thirteen patients treated using fixed appliances. Virtual curves following the lower arch were employed to guide the correct pre-surgical positions of the upper teeth with a simple superimposition technique. The amount of impressions required in both groups to achieve satisfactory pre-surgical alignment of the segmented arches was compared. Results: one or no refinement phases were needed in the Invisalign group to reach an acceptable pre-surgical occlusion, while the amount of pre-surgical impressions needed to reach adequate coordination with fixed appliance treatment was slightly higher (p > 0.05). Conclusions: it appears that clear aligner could serve as an effective treatment for individuals necessitating segmental Le Fort I osteotomies when aided by the suggested simple superimposition approach.
Musculoskeletal Morphology and Joint Flexibility-Associated Functional Characteristics across Three Time Points during the Menstrual Cycle in Female Contemporary Dancers
Authors: Pessali-Marques Bárbara , Burden Adrian M. , Morse Christopher I. , Onambélé-Pearson Gladys L.
Published: February 2024

Findings are inconsistent with regards to whether menstrual cycle phase-associated changes in physical functioning exist. It is possible that such discrepancies are due to varying rigour in experimental approaches. The current study aimed to systematically evaluate any effect of carefully tracked menstrual cycle phase on precisely measured muscle structure and function in a physically active group (contemporary dancers). Eleven women aged (M [SD]) 23.5 [2.94] years, undergoing 10.5 [1.73] hours of contemporary dance practice and 6.12 [2.36] hours of other physical activity per week, were recruited. Sex hormone level (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), skin temperature and ovulation kits), physical pain assessments (Ice Water Test, Visual Analogue Scale, The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because of Pain Questionnaire, and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale), muscle architecture measurement (B-mode ultrasonography), and physical functioning (dynamometry, force-platform and electromyography) on both lower limbs were measured at three time points during one cycle, following three months of menstrual cycle monitoring. There was no difference in musculoskeletal flexibility variables between follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phases. Nonetheless, oestrogen change was associated with variability in 11 musculoskeletal variables, progesterone change was associated with variability in 7, and relaxin change was associated with variability in 15. Negative correlations existed between progesterone and flexibility and between oestrogen and jump variables. Moreover, oestrogen and relaxin were associated with increased musculoskeletal compliance, whilst progesterone was associated with increased muscle stiffness. In short, in absolute sex hormone levels, ‘inter-individual’ variances appear more impactful than ‘intra-individual’ variances. Not only are oestrogen and progesterone associated with differing musculoskeletal outcomes, but relaxin is also associated with musculoskeletal compliance changes. These effects are anticipated to impact jump height and flexibility, and hence, they could be expected to affect overall physical performance, including dance.
A Comparative Study of Item Response Theory Models for Mixed Discrete-Continuous Responses
Authors: Zopluoglu Cengiz , Lockwood J. R.
Published: February 2024

Language proficiency assessments are pivotal in educational and professional decision-making. With the integration of AI-driven technologies, these assessments can more frequently use item types, such as dictation tasks, producing response features with a mixture of discrete and continuous distributions. This study evaluates novel measurement models tailored to these unique response features. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of the zero-and-one-inflated extensions of the Beta, Simplex, and Samejima’s Continuous item response models and incorporated collateral information into the estimation using latent regression. Our findings highlight that while all models provided highly correlated results regarding item and person parameters, the Beta item response model showcased superior out-of-sample predictive accuracy. However, a significant challenge was the absence of established benchmarks for evaluating model and item fit for these novel item response models. There is a need for further research to establish benchmarks for evaluating the fit of these innovative models to ensure their reliability and validity in real-world applications.