bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis on automating the PDF download process using Robotics Process Automation
Authors: Malathi T , Navaneethakrishnan P L , Arun E , Devakipriyadharshini V N
Published: February 2021

Many people download one or two files from the internet and it does not take ' much time to download them. What if there is a need for more number of files. For that problem RPA could be the solution. Robotic process automation (or RPA) is a form of business process automation technology based on metaphorical software robots (bots) or on artificial intelligence (AI)/digital workers. The main objective of this paper is to download 100 random pdf files from the internet using excel, csv and datatable automations in Uipath and compare them with the manual way of downloading and finding the most efficient way of downloading the large number of files.
Optimization of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness for Micro ECM of Inconel 718 alloy utilizing Grey Relational Technique
Authors: Madhankumar S , Rajesh S , Balamurugan R , Tharun Sri Ram N , Venuprasath S , Tazmeel Ahamed S
Published: February 2021

Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are vital factors of microelectrochemical machining (ECM).This machining method is focused on redox reaction. The intensity of machining relies mostly on molecular masses, its current density, the electrolytes and the duration in metal-working. In order to learn the results of MRR and SR on Inconel 718 alloy, tests were performed by considering various criteria employing stainless steel electrodes. Throughout this present context, the optimization is focused on the Taguchi functional grey method. Predictor variables are designed utilizing the Taguchi concept with 3 different process variables, namely electrolyte concentration, feed rate and voltage. In addition to the MRR and surface roughness, the overcut was used as success metrics within that report. The outcome of this study shows that the voltage appears to be the leading variable for the intended performance requirements and also that the optimum values are observed. The confirmatory examination was performed to verify the findings obtained by the grey relational method.
Design and fabrication of Automated mechanism for chemical pre-treatment process in Powder coating
Authors: Ananthi K , Priyadharsini S , Brundhavani G
Published: February 2021

The paper is intended to design and fabricate an automated mechanism for chemical pre-treatment process in powder coating for avoiding the manual handling of metal substrates in chemical pre-treatment processing in order to remove dust, to avoid corrosion and to provide good adhesion for powder coating. For this, a gantry crane structure is proposed where two vertical columns and a horizontal beam setup are designed to which a movable carriage is mounted across the horizontal beam. The movable carriage is fitted with a pulley mounted by a rope, the end of the rope is connected to a hanger which has a workpiece holder to which a metal substrate is hanged. The process is controlled by a programmable controller which is programmed with appropriate delays and according to the process designated, the hanged workpiece will move up and down and get dipped into the chemical tank. Once the delay was completed, the carriage automatically moves horizontally to the next tank. The gantry crane structure with movable carriage having pulley and programmable controller are well suited for automating pre-treatment process and it can safeguard manual workers' hands from hazardous chemicals in the tank and also achieving the exact delay operations of each tank process.
Experimental study and analysis of single slope solar still integrated with Phase Change Material
Authors: Boopalan N , Kalidasan B , Raj Kumar D , Ragupathi E , Gurumoorthy M , Praveenraj S
Published: February 2021

Solar thermal systems are playing important role to encounter environmental issues like global warming, in the last two decades they replace conventional systems to create an eco-friendly environment. Lot of research have been undergone on solar thermal systems to improve their performance and efficiency, but still the area is wide open for improvement because of demand on renewable sources increase. As their is need for increasing the performance of solar thermal systems, phase change materials could serve as energy storing device during abundant available of energy. For solar thermal systems the major challenge is energy availability will not be round the clock, in order to clear this hurdle phase change materials backing served as a better support. The biggest challenge of developing countries today is to provide clean drinking water, as there are many conventional systems to convert saline water into drinking water their main disadvantage is pollution of environment due to harmful emissions. Hence, solar thermal systems with phase change materials are considered as best option in production of clean drinking water due to their operation by renewable energy, compactness and zero emissions. Phase change materials are coupled with solar system experimentally, and their behaviour and performance were characterized with results and observation, here the phase change material paraffin wax is embedded in copper tubes coupled with solar system is employed in production of clean drinking water; their performance and efficiency are compared with single slope solar still without phase change material. The thermal stability, corrosive resistance and impressive properties of paraffin wax and thermal conductivity of copper were tied together to single slope solar still for improving performance and efficiency of clean drinking water production. It is observed solar still without phase change material could generate drinking water from saline water only during day time, but the solar still coupled with phase change material embedded in copper tubes showed better results with 11 percent increase in production of drinking water even during dark hours.
Characterization of strength and toughness properties of metalized plastic waste fibre reinforced concrete
Authors: ChellaGifta C , Christal Sophia R , Ramya R
Published: February 2021

Recycling of plastic waste in concrete has drawn much attention nowadays. The influence of metalized plastic waste fibres on M30 grade concrete was investigated in this study. Strength and toughness properties were evaluated and compared with the control concrete made without addition of fibres. Fibre dosages 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% are taken as a parameter of study. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were analyzed to understand the performance of the metalized plastic waster fiber reinforced concrete. Load–deflection curves are plotted to estimate the toughness (energy absorption capacity) characteristics of the composite at the age of 28days.Increase in MPWfibre content in concrete improved the split tensile strength upto 54% and flexural strength upto 58%, but marginal improvement in compressive strength is observed. MPWfibre reinforced concrete outperformed in flexural toughness and it exhibited 2.92 folds superior toughness with 0.75% fibre addition when compared to 0.25%.
Intelligent Expeditious Accident Detection and Prevention System
Authors: Sampoornam K P , Saranya S , Vigneshwaran S , Sofiarani P , Sarmitha S , Sarumathi N
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, many of the vehicle accident occur due to over speed, drowsy driving and drunken drivers. According to statistics, for every four minutes, a person dies because of road accidents and also thousands of accidents are recorded in 2017 for which people are died in India, which is more in number compared to all other accidents. But their lives could have been saved in the presence of emergency indicators. So we are going to implement our ideas, regarding the life saving measures and precautionary measure to prevent the accident. In this proposal, by using GPS, the exact accident location is identified automatically and GSM can send the data to nearby ambulance vehicle, the police station and family members of that person. The occurrence of accident can be detected using accelerometer sensor and severity of the accident is detected using tilt sensor. It helps to monitor the tilt angle of the chassis. The drowsiness of the driver is detected using drowsiness detector. By measuring the percentage of eyelid closure over the time, the driver’s drowsy state is detected and warning is given to the driver through the alarm. By this method we can measure the speed of a vehicle which gives reason for the accident and vehicle GPS location can be view through mobile application for theft detection. All the data can be processed in microcontroller with help of sensor value and send location to cloud. The major advantages of this system are cost effective, assured safety, victim life can be save quickly, low power consumption, better accuracy, efficient time consumption, reduce the chance of human error.
Design and implementation of carry Look ahead generator in reversible logic using nano QCA
Authors: Kannaki S , Karthigai Lakshmi S , Jaganathan S , Sujatha C , Bhoopesh D , Balaji S
Published: February 2021

The idea of reversible logic is another emerging architecture that has developed its ground in research area. This argument implied zero heat dissipation at the device. According to the physical laws of quantum mechanical effect and the law of coulomb the function and heat relations are satisfied. In this paper, a carry-looking generator is built using reversible logic and its QCA have been reported. To achieve the proposed design use was made of Toffoli and BJN gate. Comparing simulation outcomes to theoretical values verifies the design. The proposed model is tested and simulated using version 2.0.3 of the QCA Designer method.
Exposure to particulate matter in different private commuting modes in Salem, India
Authors: Ramesh Kumar A , Jayabal S , Ramkumar P , Prabhakaran J
Published: February 2021

In our modern world, peoples are spending more time inside the vehicles in urban areas. This study assessed one of the critical pollutant of particulate matter PM10 (aerodynamic size ≤ 10 μm) in six private vehicles: hatchback car, sedan car, sports utility vehicle (SUV) car, multi utility vehicle (MUV) van, auto rickshaw, and motorcycle. PM pollutant in car and van transport modes evaluated under four different ventilation settings (air-conditioning (AC) ON/OFF; windows closed/open). In addition, air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) also assessed in six vehicles. The maximum PM exposure concentration was recorded in an auto-rickshaw, which is 4.28 times higher than the national pollution criteria. PM concentration lowered to 3.73, 1.94, and 1.53 timesin hatchback, sedan and SUV transport modes, respectively while altering ventilation condition from windows open to windows closed (AC ON) settings. There is no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) between the transport modes of auto rickshaw-SUV, motorcycle-MUV, and motorcycle-sedan. All PM, T and RH parameters were correlated in car (AC ON) and auto-rickshaw transports.
Leakage Detection in High Pressure Vessels using Non Invasive Method
Authors: Prabhu V , Vairavel K.S , Velnath R
Published: February 2021

Leakages from industrial vessels can damage equipments and leads to unexpected shutdown. Production and Manufacturing operations can be affected by even small leakages. Above all the occupational safety is compromised if the leaked material is poisonous or combustible. Leaks in industrial facilities are not something to be taken lightly, as exposure to harmful gases and liquids can cause severe health effects. It is the responsibility of the engineers to identify the risks associated with unexpected leakages and ensure that the leak is found at an early stage. There are different methods available to detect leakages like acoustic, gas injection etc. This paper presents a novel method to detect leakage in high pressure vessels with combustible products using Infrared Radiation (IR) image scanning.
Development of Mobile Application Incorporating Augmented Reality for E-education and Training Systems
Authors: Madhankumar S , Prawin Sankar T A , Shibin Thomas S , Brundhavani G , Paul Prince , Girishkumar Vishnu
Published: February 2021

A visual platform to help the learners to enhance their knowledge of understanding. The learners can use the application as an aiding source to increase their visual understanding of knowledge through immersive 3D objects (images) in the real-world. The 3D objects are displayed in a rendered perspective aided by multimedia to be shown to the user in the real-world environment. The end-user uses an application to view the Augmented images in the real-world. The 3D visuals give the users apparently an immersive experience through user interactive environments. Complex concepts in STEM education can be apparently be displayed in 3D visuals with ease, which can improve the understanding perspective of the individual concept displayed in Augmented Reality. In the education system, this style of learning can be drastically improvised using this source of modern technology. The product is a mobile application which can be accessed offline or online according to the need and requirements of the user. The existing educational system can be complemented with this solution to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the users with technical expertise.
Investigation of Corrosion Characteristic of Al6063 Reinforced with Al2O3-CBA by Using Stir Casting
Authors: Nithyanandhan T , Sivaraman P , Prabhu M K , Nedumaran C , Narendran J , Naveen P S
Published: February 2021

This work critiques an examination method to investigate the corrosion characteristic of composite materials with guide of Aluminium oxide and chicken bone ash as reinforcements. The weight percentage of aluminium oxide are 6%, 5%, 4%, 3% and 2% and Chicken Bone Ash are2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% have been covered for this investigation. This composite casting method became made with the help of the stir casting method. The “Aluminium chloride” solution is used to examine the detail corrosion behaviour of the metal matrix composite by using of the immersion test.The result of this research work produce the corrosion rate would be decreased with increase of the weight percentage of Reinforcements. This work concluded that the estimation of rate of corrosion free with increment in maximum weight percent of hybrid composites.
Numerical Analysis of Wear Characteristics of Zirconia Coated Aluminum 6061 Alloy
Authors: Vijay Renjish , Aju Kumar V N , Sadiq A , Rakesh Pillai R
Published: February 2021

Any mechanical systems with moving parts encounter the problem of wear and industriesacross the world are trying to reduce its detrimental effects. In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used for analysis of wear characteristics of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia coating on Al6061 Aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy 6061, having high strength to weight ratio, is used as the substrate material upon which Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) is applied. Friction and wear coefficient obtained from Continuous Sliding Motion (CSM) of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia coating over Aluminum oxide disc material is used for the numerical analysis inputs. Tribological characteristics such as contact pressure, frictional stress and wear thickness are evaluated numerically using ANSYS Mechanical based on Archard wear model.
Tribological Behaviour of MoS2 and Graphite Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites
Authors: Saravanakumar A. , Ravikanth D. , Rajeshkumar L. , Balaji D. , Ramesh M.
Published: February 2021

Tribological behaviour of MoS2 and graphite reinforced aluminium matrix composites were investigated in this research. In the current scenario, applications in which either metal based alloys or composites are used, requires lubrication to avoid friction. In such cases, self-lubricating materials based aluminium composites can be fabricated to exhibit better tribological properties. These materials can be fabricated by reinforcing self-lubricating materials like graphite (Gr), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and so on within the aluminium matrix. In this tribological study, two different solid lubricants (Gr and MoS2) were taken at equal proportions to fabricate aluminium matrix composites individually through stir casting method. Pin on Disc apparatus was utilized to record the rate of wear of the composite specimen by considering the process parameters like sliding distance, load and counter-face disc hardness. Experiments were designed by Taguchi’s approach and analyzed by means of response values and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results depicted that graphite based aluminium alloy composites possessed better wear resistance than MoS2 reinforced aluminium alloy composites.
Tribological Properties of Coated and Uncoated Materials for Piston Ring Applications
Authors: Boopathi D , Palanivendhan M , Philip Jennifer , Vishnu Dhulipalla Srikar Hari
Published: February 2021

Coating is an essential method to improve surface properties such as corrosion resistance, lubrication of material used. The simulated laboratory tests is a more feasible alternative to experimental or real-time testing. A study conducted under controlled parameters of load, surface coating, and temperature showed the changes in the tribological characteristics with and without functionally graded cermet coatings and their influence on stainless-steel piston rings. Altogether simulations for six cycles were taken into consideration for each of the test cases - with and without coating. The obtained data from the microstructure imaging in optical microscope following the investigation conducted employing tribometer showed that the resistance of the coated rings was comparatively more than the uncoated rings, hence proving the coating to be beneficial for real-time use.
Design and analysis of High-Speed Low-Power Vedic Multiplier with 3-1-1-2 compressor Using Reversible Logic gates
Authors: Ms.Dharani S , Satheesan Mr.Abin , Asuvanti M A , Kumar Ranjith , Vidhya S
Published: February 2021

The FFT Function in digital signal processing is one of the most important function in several applications such as Image Processing, Wireless Communications and Multimedia. FFT Processors consisting of butterfly structure operations involving necessary operations such as Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication of complex values. The FFT Butterfly Structure work is designed with a “Vedic Multipliers” for applications at high speed. In this Vedic Multiplier, an algorithm called “Urdhva Triyabhyam” was used to improve its efficiency by optimizing the number of logic gates, constant inputs and garbage outputs. The Data Computation time is reduced by an 3-1-1-2 compressor using reversible logic gates. Hence reducing the surplus power consumption of 11.24% and summation of the partial products is done with less delay factor of about 5.28%. The area, power, delay, area delay product and power delay product are calculated using cadence virtuoso and is implemented in Spartan-6 device family using Xilinx ISE.
Design of High Speed and Low Power Approximate Multiplier for Image and Digital Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Ranjith Kumar T , Saravana Kumar R , Dharani S , Asuvanti M A
Published: February 2021

Truncation based approximate multiplier is a scalable multiplier in which truncation is performed based on the leading one bit positions in each and every input operands, hence the number of partial products are reduced. In this multiplier design the multiplication process is done by addition, shifting and multiplication processes which has a very good improvement in space occupation and power consumption when compared to the exact multiplier. To enhance the multipliers speed each and every input operand in the multiplication side are truncated using the method given below. Based upon the leading 1’s the input operands, the inputs are truncated show that the accuracy does not depend on input operand’s width. Hence this multiplier is scalable. Very large improvement in multiplier’s design parameters like power and area consumption are obtained which is independent of the width of the input operand. To find the working efficiency of this multiplier we have compared the design parameters with some recently proposed multipliers and the exact multiplier. They obtained result states that the proposed multiplier enhances power consumption, delay and area up to 90%, 80% and 95% when compared to be exact multiplier. Also our design outsmarts other multipliers in parameters like power consumption, speed and area. Proposed approximate multiplier has zero mean value Gaussian distribution. We have figured it out it by MATLAB applications and a good PSNR and MSE is obtained. The output shows that the degradation in quality is almost negligible. Also we recommend Truncation based approximate multiplier where power consumption has to be adjusted in multiplication operation.
Vibration control in boring process using a constrained viscoelastic layer damper
Authors: Vishal Krishna V. , Saravanamurugan S. , Sanjeev Kishore P. , Yedhu KJ. , Iswar Goutham K , Shanmughasundaram A.
Published: February 2021

A passive vibration control method is adopted to control vibrations of a boring bar. A viscoelastic layer sandwiched between main steel boring bar and aluminium tube, known to be constrained viscoelastic layer damper (CVLD), is designed and developed in order to reduce the vibration produced during the machining operations. The low density aluminium tube and natural rubber as viscoelastic layer are used in the boring bar to increase its natural frequency and damping property respectively. The finite element simulation of boring bar with and without CVLD are carried out using ANSYS and the results are used to develop a model to predict the influence of thickness of viscoelastic layer and aluminium tube on natural frequency of boring bar using full factorial design of experiments (DOE) and regression analysis. The DOE and regression analysis, carried using Minitab package, provides optimum thickness of viscoelastic layer and aluminium tube. These optimum thickness values are used to fabricate CVLD and its effectiveness to control boring bar vibration is tested by conducting machining experiments. The surface roughness of the machined components is also measured and the results show that the boring bar with CVLD is more efficient than conventional boring bar in controlling vibrations during machining. Moreover, stability lobes, which are plots of spindle speed vs. depth of cut of a machining process, are also constructed. Stability lobes indicate that the machining stability may be improved by 15 % by using boring bar with CVLD.
Tensile Behaviour of Hybrid Polymer Composites – An Experimental Study
Authors: Girimurugan R. , Senniangiri N. , Pitchia Krishnan B. , Kavitha Dr.S. , Vairavel M.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, developments of hybrid polymer composites by adding the natural and synthetic resources as reinforcement materials are significantly increased to enhance the required properties of the composites. In this research work, effects of Nano alumina particles and water hyacinth particles addition into the HDPE polymer matrix for its tensile properties were studied through experimentation. Fine Nano alumina particles are used as filler and the well water hyacinth particles are used as reinforcement materials. Hybrid composite specimens were prepared by varying the weight percentage of filler and reinforcement materials and keeping the HDPE’s weight percentage as constant. Hybrid composite boards were fabricated by using hydraulic type injection moulding machine. Hybrid polymer composite specimens for tension test is cut away from the hybrid composite boards as per the ASTM standards with the help of water jet machining process. Experimental results reveal that the limited addition of fine Nano alumina and water hyacinth particles into the HDPE polymer matrix improves the tensile properties of the hybrid composites significantly when compare to the pure HDPE polymer composite.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of PCCI Engine Using BiodieselEthanol Blends in Dual Fuel Mode
Authors: Gowtham R , Akash V , Ganesh Kumar P , Bhaskar K
Published: February 2021

The global automotive industry is faced with the task of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions generated by vehicle exhaust. Heavy machinery like trucks, trailers, off-road vehicles, etc. powered by the diesel engines. These vehicles emit large quantities of NOx and smoke emissions. The simultaneous reduction of both emissions is the key challenge for the automotive industry. Burning a homogeneous charge at relatively low temperature seems to be the means to control both the emissions simultaneously. In this experimental study, the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a premixed charge compression Ignition Engine (PCCI) with ethanol injected in the intake manifold of the engine along with biodiesel (Palm oil methyl ester) injected directly into the combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out in a four-stroke, single cylinder vertical water cooled, constant speed diesel engine with the range of 10- 30% premixed ethanol fuel from no load to full load condition is studied. The experiments were conducted with an engine operating in PCCI mode with biodiesel – ethanol blends in dual fuel mode. The experimental results showed that there was a slight increase in Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) but there was a reduction in Nitrous-oxide (NOX) and Smoke emissions for the blend containing 70% biodiesel and 30% ethanol.
Influence of Solution Treatment and Artificial Aging onFracture Load of Friction Stir Welded Lap Joints of AA2014-T6
Authors: Rajendran C , Parthiban G , Pranav K , Nithi Balaji S.P
Published: February 2021

High strength aluminium alloys (2xxx and 7xxx) are widely used for many applications. Particularly, aircraft and automobile industries. The fabrication of this alloy is little bit difficult using traditional welding process. It produces porosity, alloy segregation, partially melted zone etc. In last few decades, these alloys are welded using a solid-state welding process, friction stir welding. However, the strength of the alloy is more than 80% of the base material strength. Although, the FSW joints have lowest hardness in the weld region due to heterogeneous properties in the microstructure. The lowest hardness region is the soft region that is the fracture-originating region during tensile test. Several techniques were used to enhance the lowest hardness region properties such as the aging process, the solution treatment process, cryogenic treatment in joints. In this research, the solution treatment followed by artificial aging on lap shear strength of friction stir lap-welded joints were performed. The heat-treated joints were compared with welded joints. From the experimental results, the heat-treated joints yield higher lap shear strength than the as welded joints. The reason for the higher lap shear strength was reprecipitation of precipitates in the welded joints during an artificial aging process. However, the aluminium matrix retains fine precipitates by the solution treatment process (under rapid cooling).
Analyzing Properties of Air as a natural refrigerant using MCDM methodology
Authors: Haqqani Mohammed Hameeduddin , Azizuddin Mohammed , Qarnain Syed Shuibul , Bathrinath S.
Published: February 2021

Refrigerant selection is a challenging task because it often requires compromising desirable properties. Since we have so many refrigerants in the market to choose from and all are either pure or mixtures. Achieving all desirable properties for a refrigerant for a specific application is very rare and a perplexing task, which takes months if not years to come to a conclusion to select the right refrigerant. Among these conflicting and challenging circumstances, the selection of a refrigerant would be easy if properties of a desirable refrigerant are listed and analyzed for their importance. There exist a literature gap providing information on prioritizing the properties required for an ideal refrigerant which is pure, natural and abundant. This proposed research provides a list of properties of air as a natural refrigerant and prioritizes the refrigerant properties based on weightage. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) based DEMATEL methodology is used to provide weights for the refrigerant properties. The results show Ozone depleting potential among effect group and Cost of the refrigerant among because group are the top properties. The managerial application is also discussed.
Modelling the patient flow in an Out Patient Department (OPD) of a hospital using simulation techniques
Authors: Kulkarni S D , Roshni V , Varshitha S , Sandeep M V , Monish T , Venkataraman V
Published: February 2021

Hospitals are integral and vital entities of healthcare systems across the globe. Reduction of patient wait time is of utmost importance for the overall smooth functioning of any hospital. This paper discusses the analysis of the patient flow in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of a hospital. Data was collected with respect to patient arrival and service times in minutes. Input analyser was used to determine the distribution of the patient flow data collected at each section. A simulation model using Arena software was developed to study the patient flow in various sections of the OPD. The average waiting time and utilization of resources were determined for each sections. The results showed that there was a longer waiting time in billing section and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) section. Also there was high utilization of resources in these sections compared to the other sections of the OPD.
Effect of Titanium Di-Boride/Copper (TiB2-Cu) Electrode on the Machinability of OHNS Steel by EDM Process
Authors: Jayahariharapranav P , Dinesh D , MathanKumar P , Rajamurugan G , Jayakumar N
Published: February 2021

The technological challenges faced by any industry in machining OHNS steel in the use of tools and die by conventional processing techniques point to tool wear rate and poor surface finish. To overcome these, Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) process, an inevitable Unconventional Machining process is used in the precision and micro component manufacturing industries. Here an attempt has been made to machine OHNS material with a lately developed copper titanium diboride (Cu-TiB2) of 16% wt of TiB2 is prepared through powder metallurgy route which enhances the shortcomings obtained in conventional techniques. The experiment models are made to optimize through statistical Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted by considering the effect of pulsating direct current, pulse time ON, and pressure flushing. Then, ANOVA is executed to predict the impact of each parameter and its significance concerning the output responses of roughness (SR) and Volume of Material removed (MRR). The equation developed for each output response and then the optimum process parameters obtained in the desirability based multi-objective optimization using RSM. The minimum surface roughness and maximum material removal rates are attained at 14 A, 16(μs) and 0.6 MPa. Then the confirmation experiments were carried to validate the model and it is witnessed that the error percentage attained was within the satisfactory range.
Analysis of Shrinkage Defect in Sand Casting by Using Six Sigma Method with Taguchi Technique
Authors: Omprakas M A , Muthukumar M , Saran S P , Ranjithkumar D , Shantha kumar C M , Thiruppathi Venkatesh S , Sengottuvelan M
Published: February 2021

Casting industries play a major role in the field of manufacturing. The production of complex shape and size products is manufactured in a single process, which cannot be produced in other manufacturing processes. Because the other process needs more than one step to convert a raw material into a product. When producing the casting, the quality of the casting should be maintained without defects. This is not possible as we can’t produce a cent percentage of accuracy. But the percentage of defects can be reduced with the help of certain quality control tools and techniques. In this paper, the main focus is to reduce the shrinkage defect which occurs in the External Bearing Ring of ductile cast iron which is produced in the leading casting industry in Coimbatore. The data have been collected from the industry for the six months and the defects have been identified with the help of the Six-Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) technique. The quality control tools are applied in different stages of the DMAIC technique for identifying and controlling the defects. Also, the Taguchi technique is applied for creating the L9 orthogonal array from the Minitab software. Finally, the best possible solution is obtained and it is suggested to the industry for defects reduction.
Mathematical Modeling and Characteristic Analysis on the Dynamics of Slider Flapping Wing Mechanism
Authors: Sudeesh Arputham D , Yuvan Nethaji T , Sujith Kumar V , Mohaideen S , Suganya Priyadharshini Dr.G.
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the modelling of a distinct flapping wing mechanism sans any gears deploying only the primitive slider and hinge type joints. The proposed contraption is meticulously designed so as to hamper vibrational flutter and enhance durability. Initially, equations of forces enacting at significant motion transformation junctions are articulated in terms of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) and then these DAEs culminate as the characteristic mathematical model for the mechanism. The derived mathematical model is then harnessed to optimize the performance characteristics of the system. Further, results attained from the mathematical formulation are assessed and validated with graphical analysis.
Computational study of heat-transfer in extended surfaces with various geometries
Authors: Mohankumar D , Shashank  , Pazhaniappan Y , Nithesh Kumar RA , Ragul R , Manoj Kumar P , Nikhil Babu P
Published: February 2021

In this work, an analysis has been done on extended surfaces with various geometries to identify the better heat transfer rate. The geometries of extended surfaces namely – bar fins, stepped fins, stepped fins with indentations have been modelled, investigated and studied. Based on the design identification and numerical analysis the extended surfaces with increases surface area has increased heat transfer. From numerical data the fins with indentations has increased surface area and heat transfer. The indentations have been designed with varying diameter used in the fins are 4mm, 3mm, 2mm respectively and analysed using a fixed computational method. It is found that the spherical notches with varying diameter were more effective than the other fins and making the notches increases the heat transfer was much effective than increasing the diameter of the indentation in the stepped fin. This work shows the design, analysis, and result of some extended surface geometries with fixed input boundary condition.
Investigations on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Nickel Aluminum Bronze- CaCO3 Composite
Authors: Bhardwaj Vijay , Saravanan R , Govindaraju M , Vaira Vignesh R
Published: February 2021

In the present work, commercially available Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) alloy was composited with CaCO3 through casting route. The developed composite was characterized for microstructure, micro hardness, tensile strength (room temperature and high temperature), and wear rate. The results indicate an improvement in tensile strength by 10%, micro hardness by 2.5 times, and wear resistance by 29% than that of the as-received specimen. This is attributed to the reinforcement of CaCO3 in NAB, which in turn resulted in refinement of the grains, reduction of the β’ -phase and preferential formation of intermetallic precipitates of κ-phases (κII, κIII, and κIV).
Automotive Brake Part Inspection and Fault Localization using Deep Learning
Authors: Rajan Santhiya , Rameswari R. , Gunasekaran Suresh
Published: February 2021

Inspection of brake components is very essential to detect the damaged manufactured parts before it is assembled in any vehicle. Manual inspection of brakes is extremely difficult since most of defects are very minute and cannot be identified by human eyes. Therefore, automatic inspection of manufactured brakes is indispensible to prevent failure of brakes and accidents. Previously, various research articles perform inspection of brake through conventional image processing and traditional image processing algorithms. However, these techniques are capable of identifying a single fault only and are less robust to detecting numerous faults. Further, the existing techniques hardly localize the exact location of faults in the surface of brake. In order to over these drawbacks, in this research we utilize deep learning object detection algorithms namely Single Shot Detector and Faster RCNN to identify and localize the exact location of fault on the brake surface. Furthermore, the proposed system is capable to detect different types of faults in a single algorithm and is robust to brake’s material surface, environmental and lightening factors. The deep learning algorithms are trained using transfer learning on custom collected dataset. The proposed algorithms deliver an accuracy of 95.64% and mAP of 73.2% on cylindrical grey shade brakes.
A comprehensive review on solar cooker tracking techniques for performance enhancement
Authors: Gokul V , Dhinesh S , Kalaiyarasu K , Kalidasan B , Ravikumar M
Published: February 2021

The paper provides a review on solar tracking system for solar cooker and its potential in increasing its efficiency. This paper mainly discusses the solar trackers for increasing the work output. This technique assists in increasing the amount of radiation falling on solar cookers. The types of solar tracking based on their degree of freedom are single axis solar tracking system and dual axis solar tracking system and its classification are discussed in this paper. The solar tracker types based on the actuating systems are also discussed. The tracking system suitable for the solar cooking applications is mentioned in this paper.
PV Fed Grid Power Control by Discrete CUK Converter and SPWM Inverter Control Techniques
Authors: Viji K , Chitra K , Lakshmanan M
Published: February 2021

In this paper the power supplied to the grid is regulated with the help of Discrete Sliding Mode Controlled (DSMC) CUK converter and Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) topology controlled 3-phase Inverter. The CUK converter is used in the input side to Buck or Boost the PV (Photo Voltaic) array voltage to the required value of the 3 -phase Inverter. Natural isolation of source and load is obtained in the CUK converter with the help of capacitor energy transfer so that the ripple content is less in both load and source side. These CUK converters are operating in continuous current mode so that regulation of power from the solar panel is easy and efficient compared to Buck-Boost converters. In this paper DSMC CUK converter topology is implemented so that converter is feasible to incorporate with any digital controller with less hardware requirements, it has flexibility in control characteristics and guaranteed stability of highly fluctuating solar power under different climate conditions. The simulation model has battery back-up which is charged during high irradiation time and provides power to load during less irradiation climate conditions. The 3-phase Inverter is controlled by SPWM technique to reduce the switching losses of the Inverter so that the harmonics in the load side is less and it is easy to implement. So that the overall system is efficient, ease of implementation, robust and economical.
Wear and Mechanical Behaviour of Magnesium AZ31 alloy Reinforced with MoS2 through Friction Stir Processing for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Tajdeen A , Kamal Basha K , Roshan Shandres C , Sandeeprajkumar S , Saddam Hussain S , Sanjay R
Published: February 2021

Friction Stir Processing (FSP), a solid-state processing technique employed to modify the microstructure, is based on the principles of friction stir welding. FSP is one of the most promising techniques for the production of surface composites. In this investigation, AZ31 magnesium alloy is reinforced with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) through a friction stir processing method. Before and after the fabrication of the surface composites the wear tests were conducted by varying the condition of sliding load (25 N & 35 N), sliding distance (1 km & 2 km), and sliding velocity (1 m/s & 2 m/s). Hardness values were measured by using the Brinell hardness tester. Both hardness and wear tests were conducted as per the ASTM standards. After reinforcement, composite material enhances hardness values. The wear rate also reduces as MoS2 acts as a solid lubricant material.
Development of Areca Nut Climbing And Harvesting Machine With Pesticide
Authors: Sathishkumar C , Dineshkumar G , Karthikeyan K S , Prasanna P
Published: February 2021

Recent days there were lots of improvement and advancement have been done in the field of agriculture, but the sad thing is the large scale farmers always earns more than the small scale farmers when comparing its ratio. The project focuses on the growth of small scale farmers as equal to the growth of the large scale farmers in the field of agriculture in growing the palm trees. The palm trees usually grow in narrow dimensions and the time taken to harvest the crop nuts will be around 3 to 4 years. Total investment is based on the harvesting and the cost and machines to harvest the crop nuts were of huge amount and the small scale farmers struggle a lot and that leads to loss. Also there is a chance of losing the quantity of crop nuts when harvested from the top of the palm tree when all the nuts will be scattered and is wasted falls down on the ground. Therefore we thought of designing a product that can be operated by the by the farmer itself a user friendly and easy to handle, also we have focused on safe landing of the crop nuts from the top of the palm tree. This product completely works based on the mechanical concepts and designed with mechanical links. It is operated manually now; in the future it will be automated. This product will decrease the cost of harvesting and increase the profit for the small scale farmers to grow their ration as that of the large scale farmers. This will create a revolution in the field of crop harvesting which benefits lots of farmers to come up from their bad time to good time.
Optimization of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis for Selection of Suppliers in Supply Chains Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Rajiev R , Saravanan S , Sasikumar C , Sasikumar G
Published: February 2021

In today’s business environment, suppliers play key roles in making business strategies successful. Since quality, price, and on-time delivery of the products depend on the supplier’s ability to support the business strategies, choice of the correct providers assumes a key part in any association since it altogether decreases the unit costs and improves corporate value intensity. Supplier selection endures generally a multi-models dynamic issue which incorporates both subjective and quantitative variables. The main objective of this work proposes coordinating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy set hypothesis to create assessment models to decide the best suppliers. The project reported here has attempted to integrate and Fuzzy set theory to determine best suppliers. The Fuzzy set hypothesis situated to the sanity of exposure because of imprecision or dubiousness. The Fuzzy set uses semantic elements to sort out rules and sub-rules weight, with a pair wise examination with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The fuzzy AHP choice technique, which decides the loads of emotional judgment for logical assessment structure of the provide determination issue. At long last, a provider choice issue was explained utilizing the suggested model in an industrial cleaning machines manufacturing company.
The Development of Cutlery Tool to Reduce Parkinson Movement
Authors: Satar Reem Musab Abdul , As’arryi Azizan , Abdullah Mohd Faiz Bin , Zain Mohd Zarhamdy Bin MD
Published: February 2021

The typical feeding skills are considered to be eating from a spoonful, and imbibition from a cup and simple activities are difficult for Parkinson’s patients. The present study investigates the development of this acquirement in Parkinson’s patients of feeding spoon thought out improves on the concept design of feeding spoon, where it can be helpful for patients. In return this can help to improve the future work in designing and fabrication for any instrument to control tremor trembling allowing the patient to practice their delay rotten. Feeding spoon device can provide accurate and diagnostically relevant information about postural tremor. Its portability and ease of use could help translate such techniques into routine clinic use or to the community. With this study it is shown that 70% of improvement in skill assistance spoon feeding compared with ordinary spoon. It is apparent that the developed model can improve the feeding process and make it easier on the patient.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Deep Sparse Autoencoder
Authors: Saufi S R , Ahmad Z A B , Leong M S , Hee L M
Published: February 2021

Rolling element bearing is an important component in various machinery. Faulty on bearing cause severe equipment damage that lead to high maintenance cost. The development of deep learning has been paid a considerable amount of attention to fault diagnosis on rolling element bearing. Traditional machine learning such as Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine have problems of lacking expression capacity, existing the curse of dimensionality, require manual feature extraction and require an additional feature selection. Deep learning model has the ability to effectively mine the high dimensional features and accurately recognize the health condition. In consequence, deep learning model has turned into an innovative and promising research in bearing fault diagnosis field. Thus, this paper tends to proposed Deep Sparse Autoencoder (DSAE) with Teager Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) to diagnose the bearing condition. DSAE is one of deep learning model which uses the architecture of neural network. During the analysis, the hyperparameter of DSAE model was optimized by Ant Lion Optimization. The analysis results show that the proposed TKEO-DSAE achieved 99.5% accuracy of the fault diagnosis. The comparative study between proposed model and ANN proved that deep learning model outperform traditional machine learning model on bearing fault diagnosis.
Simulation of Active Force Control Using MR Damper in Semi Active Seat Suspension System
Authors: Rosli R , Mohamed Z , Priyandoko G
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of electronic sensor and actuator technology, semi-active seat suspension system has become even more practical driven by lower power consumption. Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are among the best and the most reliable semi active control devices that can produce controllable damping force in seat suspension system to further improve the ride comfort. This paper focus on a new controller scheme named Active Force Control (AFC) to control the damping force of the MR damper to achieve better ride comfort. The phenomenological Bouc-Wen model for MR damper has been simulated in Matlab Simulink to study the effectiveness of the new AFC controller. A sinusoidal signal simulated as vibration source is applied to the seat suspension system to investigate the improvement of ride comfort as well as to ascertain the new AFC controller robustness. Comparison of body acceleration signals from the passive suspension with AFC controller semi active seat suspension system shows improvement to the occupant ride comfort under different vibration intensities.