bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Analysis of a Potential Novel Vibrio Species Secreting pH- and Thermo-Stable Alginate Lyase and Its Application in Producing Alginate Oligosaccharides
Authors: Bao Ke , Yang Miao , Sun Qianhuan , Zhang Kaishan , Huang Huiqin
Published: September 2024

Alginate lyase is an attractive biocatalyst that can specifically degrade alginate to produce oligosaccharides, showing great potential for industrial and medicinal applications. Herein, an alginate-degrading strain HB236076 was isolated from Sargassum sp. in Qionghai, Hainan, China. The low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (<98.4%), ANI value (<71.9%), and dDDH value (<23.9%) clearly indicated that the isolate represented a potential novel species of the genus Vibrio. The genome contained two chromosomes with lengths of 3,007,948 bp and 874,895 bp, respectively, totaling 3,882,843 bp with a G+C content of 46.5%. Among 3482 genes, 3332 protein-coding genes, 116 tRNA, and 34 rRNA sequences were predicted. Analysis of the amino acid sequences showed that the strain encoded 73 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), predicting seven PL7 (Alg1–7) and two PL17 family (Alg8, 9) alginate lyases. The extracellular alginate lyase from strain HB236076 showed the maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0, with over 90% activity measured in the range of 30–60 °C and pH 6.0–10.0, exhibiting a wide range of temperature and pH activities. The enzyme also remained at more than 90% of the original activity at a wide pH range (3.0–9.0) and temperature below 50 °C for more than 2 h, demonstrating significant thermal and pH stabilities. Fe2+ had a good promoting effect on the alginate lyase activity at 10 mM, increasing by 3.5 times. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses suggested that alginate lyase in fermentation broth could catalyze sodium alginate to produce disaccharides and trisaccharides, which showed antimicrobial activity against Shigella dysenteriae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. This research provided extended insights into the production mechanism of alginate lyase from Vibrio sp. HB236076, which was beneficial for further application in the preparation of pH-stable and thermo-stable alginate lyase and alginate oligosaccharides.
Effect of Shoulder Movement Routine on Postoperative Shoulder Pain in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Olguín-Ortega Andrea , Palacios-Cruz Lino , Rendón-Molina Alejandro , Cruz-Orozco Oliver , Sánchez-Ramírez Brenda , Estrada-Rivera Silvia Fabiola , Silvestri-Tomassoni José Roberto , Arteaga-Gómez Ana Cristina , Reyes-Muñoz Enrique
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Postoperative shoulder pain is a common issue after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). This study evaluated the impact of a shoulder movement routine on postoperative shoulder pain in women undergoing uncomplicated TLH. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial included women without prior shoulder pain undergoing TLH between 20 January and 20 March 2024. Participants were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 36) received a shoulder movement routine, while Group 2 (control, n = 39) performed a hand movement routine. Shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days postoperatively. Results: Seventy-five women participated. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding demographic variables, surgery duration, or hospital stay. Shoulder pain scores (VAS) at three time points (6 h, 24 h, and 7 days) showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.57, p = 0.69, and p = 0.91, respectively). Similarly, there were no significant differences in incisional or abdominal pain. Conclusions: The shoulder movement routine did not significantly reduce postoperative shoulder pain in women undergoing uncomplicated TLH.
(Re)Considering Online Organizations: Communicating and Organizing via New Technology for High Reliability
Authors: Howe William T. , Nwoko Onyinyechi Beatrice
Published: September 2024

Tom MacDonald’s success in the music industry can provide valuable insights for leaders and founders, particularly in the context of high-reliability organization (HRO) theory—MacDonald’s approach to music challenges conventional wisdom and societal norms, promoting open communication and adaptability. HROs should prioritize open channels, invest in training, and support continuous learning. Clear communication is crucial for employees to understand the organization’s roles, responsibilities, and goals, facilitating collaboration and problem-solving. It also helps manage change and prevents crises. Investing in communication skills and practices is essential for driving organizational success and resilience in today’s fast-paced business environment.
Research on the Microstructures and Properties of AA5052 Laser-Welded Joints with the ER4043 Filler Wire
Authors: Jia Panpan , Zhang Shuming , Zhou Jiahao , Liu Fang , Xiao Fei
Published: September 2024

Researches were conducted on the laser welding of 3 mm sheet-thickness lap joints of AA5052 with ER4043 filler wires. The effects of laser power on the joint morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance were investigated. The results indicate that both increased heat input and the addition of filler wires make the molten pool more instable, which results in more process pores. Circular pores are observed in the upper part of the weld, while chain-like pores are distributed in the middle of the weld. The highest tensile strength of the weld joint is 192.61 MPa with an elongation of 10.1% at a laser power of 3.5 kW. The microhardness at the center of the weld is approximately 25% higher than the base material, which is probably because the addition of ER4043 filler wires brings more Si element to the weld. Moreover, the weld joints display superior corrosion resistance compared to the base material. These outcomes enhance the understanding of AA5052 laser welding with fillers wire and provide valuable in-sights for engineering applications.
A Droplet Generator Using Piezoelectric Ceramics to Impact Metallic Pellets
Authors: Yu Jilong , Zhang Daicong , Guo Wei , Jing Chunhui , Xiao Yuan
Published: September 2024

Metal micro-droplet ejection technology has attracted attention for its potential applications in the rapid prototyping of micro-metal parts and microelectronic packaging. The current micro-droplet ejection device developed based on this technology faces challenges such as the requirement of a micro-oxygen ejection environment, a complex feeding structure, and high costs. Therefore, a drop-on-demand droplet generator for metallic pellets with impact feed ejection is designed in this paper. This device has a simple and compact structure, does not require a high-cost heat source, and can perform drop-on-demand ejection of metallic pellets in an atmospheric environment. A micro-channel feeding method based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator drives is proposed. A rigid dynamics metallic pellet flight trajectory model is established to analyze the relationships between the driving voltage and the flight trajectory of the pellets. With the help of Fluent to simulate and analyze the melting and ejection processes of the pellets inside the nozzle, the changes in the variable parameters of the flow field in the process of the melting and flight of a single molten drop are studied. The droplet generator produces stable droplets with a 500 µs pulse width and 1100 mm/s initial velocity of the projectile. The simulation results show that a single projectile has to go through three stages including feeding, melting, and ejecting, which take 39.5 ms, 7.85 ms, and 17.65 ms. The total simulation time is 65.0 ms. It is expected that the injection frequency of the metal projectile droplet-generating device will reach 15 Hz.
Flexible Artificial Ag NPs:a–SiC0.11:H Synapse on Al Foil with High Uniformity and On/Off Ratio for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zuo Zongyan , Zhou Chengfeng , Ma Zhongyuan , Huang Yufeng , Chen Liangliang , Li Wei , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji
Published: September 2024

A neuromorphic computing network based on SiCx memristor paves the way for a next-generation brain-like chip in the AI era. Up to date, the SiCx–based memristor devices are faced with the challenge of obtaining flexibility and uniformity, which can push forward the application of memristors in flexible electronics. For the first time, we report that a flexible artificial synaptic device based on a Ag NPs:a–SiC0.11:H memristor can be constructed by utilizing aluminum foil as the substrate. The device exhibits stable bipolar resistive switching characteristic even after bending 1000 times, displaying excellent flexibility and uniformity. Furthermore, an on/off ratio of approximately 107 can be obtained. It is found that the incorporation of silver nanoparticles significantly enhances the device’s set and reset voltage uniformity by 76.2% and 69.7%, respectively, which is attributed to the contribution of the Ag nanoparticles. The local electric field of Ag nanoparticles can direct the formation and rupture of conductive filaments. The fitting results of I–V curves show that the carrier transport mechanism agrees with Poole–Frenkel (P–F) model in the high-resistance state, while the carrier transport follows Ohm’s law in the low-resistance state. Based on the multilevel storage characteristics of the Al/Ag NPs:a–SiC0.11:H/Al foil resistive switching device, we successfully observed the biological synaptic characteristics, including the long–term potentiation (LTP), long–term depression (LTD), and spike–timing–dependent plasticity (STDP). The flexible artificial Ag NPs:a–SiC0.11:H/Al foil synapse possesses excellent conductance modulation capabilities and visual learning function, demonstrating the promise of application in flexible electronics technology for high-efficiency neuromorphic computing in the AI period.
Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Parenteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Berlana David , Albertos Raquel , Barquin Raquel , Pau-Parra Alba , Díez-Poch Monica , López-Martínez Rocío , Cea Cristina , Cantenys-Molina Sergi , Ferrer-Costa Roser
Published: September 2024

The heightened inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients suggests that omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) may confer anti-inflammatory benefits. This randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of O3FA supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN) on inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 69 patients were randomized into three groups: one received standard lipid emulsion, and two received O3FA (Omegaven®) at doses of 0.1 g/kg/day and 0.2 g/kg/day, respectively, in addition to Smoflipid®. The primary outcomes measured were serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on days 1, 5, and 10 of PN initiation. Secondary outcomes included additional inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra, CXCL10), hepatic function, triglyceride levels, and clinical outcomes such as mortality and length of ICU and hospital stay. Results indicated a significant reduction in CRP, IL-6, and CXCL10 levels in the group receiving 0.1 g/kg/day O3FA compared to the control. Additionally, the higher O3FA dose was associated with a shorter ICU and hospital stay. These findings suggest that O3FA supplementation in PN may reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Adjunctive Therapy with Chinese Herbal Medicine Lowers Risk of Hearing Loss in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Results from a Cohort-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Huang Hui-Ju , Livneh Hanoch , Yen Chieh-Tsung , Lu Ming-Chi , Chen Wei-Jen , Tsai Tzung-Yi
Published: September 2024

Hearing loss is a frequently observed complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence has found that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) can effectively treat chronic disease; nevertheless, it is unclear if adding CHM to the routine management of T2D would modify sequent risk of hearing loss. This cohort-based case-control study was conducted to address this issue. First, a total of 64,418 subjects aged 20–70 years, diagnosed with T2D between 2002 and 2011, were extracted from a nationwide health claims database. Among them, we identified 4516 cases of hearing loss after T2D by the end of 2013. They were then randomly matched to 9032 controls without hearing loss at a 1:2 ratio. Following conditional logistic regression, we found the addition of CHM to conventional care reduced the risk of developing hearing loss, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.83). Specifically, taking CHM products for at least two years benefits T2D patients in lowering sequent risk of hearing loss. The findings herein implicated that integrating CHM into conventional care substantially correlated to lower risk of hearing loss for T2D patients, but further basic research is needed to secure the application of finished herbal products.
Size Effects in Climatic Aging of Epoxy Basalt Fiber Reinforcement Bar
Authors: Gavrilieva Anna A. , Startsev Oleg V. , Lebedev Mikhail P. , Krotov Anatoly S. , Kychkin Anatoly K. , Lukachevskaya Irina G.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the influence of the size factor on the climatic aging of circular fiber plastics produced by pultrusion. The kinetics of moisture transfer was obtained in humidification and drying modes at 60 °C in samples of epoxy basalt fiber reinforcement bars: after 28 months of exposure in the extremely cold climate of Yakutsk and 30 months of exposure in the moderately warm climate of Gelendzhik. It was shown that the 2D Langmuir model adequately describes the kinetics. The diffusion coefficients in the reinforcement direction for bars with diameters of 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20 mm turned out to be significantly higher than in the radial direction. To clarify the aging mechanism of the bars and the tensile, compressive and bending strength, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy matrix of the bars with a diameter of 6, 8 and 10 mm after 51 months of exposure in Yakutsk and 54 months of exposure in Gelendzhik were measured. It was shown that after climatic exposure, the deformability of the bars decreased with increasing diameter of the bar; the glass transition temperature increased more significantly in the bar with a smaller diameter. In 6 mm diameter bars, the compressive and bending strength limits decreased by 10–25 % due to the plasticizing effect of moisture. With the same depth of moisture penetration into the volume of the samples, its effect on the strength of thin bars was significant, and for thick bars, it was insignificant. An increase in the glass transition temperature by 6 °C, associated with the additional curing of the polymer matrix, occurred in the surface layer of the epoxy basalt fiber reinforcement bars and was revealed in bars with a smaller diameter.
Synergistic Reinforcement with SEBS-g-MAH for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Processability in GO/rGO-Filled PC/ABS Composites
Authors: Joynal Abedin Fatin Najwa , Fizal Ahmad Noor Syimir , Alkarkhi Abbas F. M. , Khalil Nor Afifah , Ahmad Yahaya Ahmad Naim , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Safie Sairul Izwan , Ismail Nurul Ain , Zulkifli Muzafar
Published: September 2024

The integration of compatibilisers with thermoplastics has revolutionised the field of polymer composites, enhancing their mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties. This study investigates the synergistic effects of incorporating SEBS-g-MAH on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/graphene oxide (PC/ABS/GO) (PAGO) and the properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/graphene oxide (PC/ABS/rGO) (PArGO) composites through the melt blending method. The synergistic effects on thermal stability and processability were analysed by using thermogravimetry (TGA), melt flow index (MFI), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The addition of SEBS-g-MAH improved the elongation at break (EB) of PAGO and PArGO up to 33% and 73%, respectively, compared to the uncompatibilised composites. The impact strength of PAGO was synergistically enhanced by 75% with the incorporation of 5 phr SEBS-g-MAH. A thermal analysis revealed that SEBS-g-MAH improved the thermal stability of the composites, with an increase in the degradation temperature (T80%) of up to 17% for PAGO at 1 phr SEBS-g-MAH loading. The compatibilising effect of SEBS-g-MAH was confirmed by FTIR analysis, which indicated interactions between the maleic anhydride groups and the PC/ABS matrix and GO/rGO fillers. The rheological measurements showed that the incorporation of SEBS-g-MAH enhanced the melt flowability (MFI) of the composites, with a maximum increase of 38% observed for PC/ABS. These results demonstrate the potential of SEBS-g-MAH as a compatibiliser for improving the unnotched impact strength (mechanical), thermal, and rheological properties of PC/ABS/GO and PC/ABS/rGO composites, achieving a synergistic effect.
Synthesis and Dye Adsorption Dynamics of Chitosan–Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) Composite
Authors: Kyomuhimbo Hilda Dinah , McHunu Wandile , Arnold Marco , Feleni Usisipho , Haneklaus Nils H. , Brink Hendrik Gideon
Published: September 2024

One major environmental issue responsible for water pollution is the presence of dyes in the aquatic environment as a result of human activity, particularly the textile industry. Chitosan–Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) polymer composite beads were synthesized and explored for the adsorption of dyes (Bismarck brown (BB), orange G (OG), brilliant blue G (BBG), and indigo carmine (IC)) from dye solution. The CS-PVPP beads demonstrated high removal efficiency of BB (87%), OG (58%), BBG (42%), and IC (49%). The beads demonstrated a reasonable surface area of 2.203 m2/g and were negatively charged in the applicable operating pH ranges. TGA analysis showed that the polymer composite can withstand decomposition up to 400 °C, proving high stability in harsh conditions. FTIR analysis highlighted the presence of N-H amine, O-H alcohol, and S=O sulfo groups responsible for electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding with the dye molecules. A shift in the FTIR bands was observed on N-H and C-N stretching for the beads after dye adsorption, implying that adsorption was facilitated by hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces of attraction between the hydroxyl, amine, and carbonyl groups on the surface of the beads and the dye molecules. An increase in pH increased the adsorption capacity of the beads for BB while decreasing OG, BBG, and IC due to their cationic and anionic nature, respectively. While an increase in temperature did not affect the adsorption capacity of OG and BBG, it significantly improved the removal of BB and IC from the dye solution and the adsorption was thermodynamically favoured, as demonstrated by the negative Gibbs free energy at all temperatures. Adsorption of dye mixtures followed the characteristic adsorption nature of the individual dyes. The beads show great potential for applications in the treatment of dye wastewater.
This Ship Prays: The Southern Chinese Religious Seascape through the Handbook of a Maritime Ritual Master
Authors: Golan Ilay
Published: September 2024

Long kept in the British Library, a liturgical manuscript from the port of Haicheng, Fujian, holds details of the rich system of beliefs that Chinese sailors held. Originally untitled, the text by the shelfmark OR12693/18 is usually referred to as “Libation Ritual (for Ship Safety)” ([An Chuan] Zhuoxian Ke [(安船)酌献科]). Formerly, it was given scholarly attention mostly due to its addended lists of maritime placenames, which follows Qing-era sea routes across China’s coasts and to the South China Sea. Further inquiry into the manuscript’s terminology, deity names, and maritime knowledge confirms its deep relation to sailors’ lore. By tracing this text into a wide range of sources, this paper demonstrates how manuscript OR12693/18 reflects a cohesive maritime system of beliefs and knowledge. Manifested within the prayer are a hierarchical pantheon, ritual practices, and a perceived sacred seascape. Moreover, it is evident that the manuscript belonged to a tradition of sailing ritual masters who were regular members of the crew onboard junks. As such, this paper offers an analysis of a religious-professional tradition with trans-local aspects, shedding new light on seafaring in pre-modern China.
Cluster-Based Wood–Leaf Separation Method for Forest Plots Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Shihua , Su Zhonghua , He Ze
Published: September 2024

Successfully separating wood and leaves in forest plots is a prerequisite for measuring structural parameters and reconstructing 3D forest models. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can distinguish between the leaves and wood of trees through precise and dense point clouds. However, most existing wood–leaf separation methods face significant accuracy issues, especially in dense forests, due to the complications introduced by canopy shading. In this study, we propose a method to separate the wood and leaves in forest plots using the clustering features of TLS data. The method first filters a point cloud to remove the ground points, and then clusters the point cloud using a region-growing algorithm. Next, the clusters are processed based on their sizes and numbers of points for preliminary separation. Chaos Distance is introduced to characterize the observation that wood points are more orderly while leaf points are more chaotic and disorganized. Lastly, the clusters’ Chaos Distance is used for the final separation. Three representative plots were used to validate this method, achieving an average accuracy of 0.938, a precision of 0.927, a recall of 0.892, and an F1 score of 0.907. The three sample plots were processed in 5.18, 3.75, and 14.52 min, demonstrating high efficiency. Comparing the results with the LeWoS and RF models showed that our method better addresses the accuracy issues of complex canopy structures.
Inventory and Spatial Distribution of Landslides on the Eastern Slope of Gongga Mountain, Southwest China
Authors: Ge Runze , Chen Jian , Ma Sheng , Tan Huarong
Published: September 2024

The eastern slope of Gongga Mountain is located in the mountainous region of Southwestern China, which has strong geologic tectonics that leads to frequent landslide hazards. A large number of such landslides were induced by the 2022 Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the spatial distribution of landslides in the region. In this paper, the Google Earth platform and GF-1 and GF-6 satellite imagery were used to construct new pre-earthquake and co-seismic landslides. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the conditioning factors of the pre-earthquake and co-seismic landslide inventories and the spatial distribution of landslides, as well as the main controlling factors of landslide development. The main conclusions are as follows: (i) Through remote-sensing interpretation and field investigation, 1198 and 4284 landslides were recognized before and after the earthquake, respectively, and the scale was mainly small- and medium-sized. (ii) In two kinds of inventories, landslides are primarily distributed along the banks of the Dadu River basin, within elevations of 1200–1400 m and slopes of 30–50°. (iii) The distribution of pre-earthquake and co-seismic landslides was influenced by engineering geological layer combinations and earthquake intensity, with these two factors being the most significant. This paper plays an important role in hazard prevention and reconstruction planning in the Gongga Mountains.
Rumen Degradation of Endosperm and Mesocarp Expellers from Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. in Sheep Grazing Either Natural Pastures or Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu
Authors: Stanley Winston E. , Valiente Óscar L. , de Vega Antonio
Published: September 2024

Twenty-four ewes (eight fistulated in the rumen) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design. The treatments included the pasture grazed (natural mixed swards—NMS or cultivated monophytic (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) swards—CMS) and the level of supplementation: without supplement or with a 1% supplement (dry matter (DM)/live weight). The supplement included one-third endosperm expeller (ENE) and two-thirds mesocarp expeller (ME) from Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. In sacco rumen degradation of ENE, ME, NMS, and CMS was assessed in fistulated sheep, as were rumen fermentation variables. Average daily gain (ADG) was assessed in non-fistulated animals during a 7-week period. Potential degradability of the DM and crude protein of the expellers was not affected by the type of pasture grazed or the level of supplementation (p > 0.05), but the fractional rate of degradation (c) of DM was three times faster (p < 0.01) for ME than for ENE. The potential degradability of neutral detergent fiber was 34% higher (p < 0.0001) for ENE, with no differences in c (p > 0.1). Supplementation slowed down the c of the DM of the pastures, especially in animals grazing NMS (24% lower). Treatments affected rumen pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids, and proportion of valerate, in different ways. The use of the supplement increased ADG of sheep (six-fold in sheep grazing NMS and 40% in those grazing CMS). The use of a mixture of one-third ENE plus two-thirds ME as a protein supplement in sheep grazing either multi-species natural pastures or monophytic swards of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu slows down the fractional rate of degradation of the pastures, the effect of which is more intense in animals grazing natural swards. This supplementation also increases average daily gain, more substantially with multi-species natural pastures.
Enhanced Model Predictive Control Using State Variable Feedback for Steady-State Error Cancellation
Authors: Andreu Marcos , Rohten Jaime , Espinoza José , Silva José , Pulido Esteban , Leon Lesyani
Published: September 2024

The rapid dynamic responses of predictive control algorithms are widely acknowledged. However, achieving accurate steady-state reference tracking hinges not just on a precise mathematical model of the system but also on its parameters. This document presents a predictive control scheme augmented with integral state feedback tailored to a photovoltaic (PV) application. In scenarios with uncertain system parameters, steady-state errors can particularly impact reactive power regulation, where the absence of an integral term in the loop exacerbates this issue. The robustness and sensitivity of both predictive control and the proposed enhanced predictive controller are thoroughly examined. Simulation and experimental results are included to validate the effectiveness of this approach.
A Synergistic Overview between Microfluidics and Numerical Research for Vascular Flow and Pathological Investigations
Authors: Shayor Ahmed Abrar , Kabir Md. Emamul , Rifath Md. Sartaj Ahamed , Rashid Adib Bin , Oh Kwang W.
Published: September 2024

Vascular diseases are widespread, and sometimes such life-threatening medical disorders cause abnormal blood flow, blood particle damage, changes to flow dynamics, restricted blood flow, and other adverse effects. The study of vascular flow is crucial in clinical practice because it can shed light on the causes of stenosis, aneurysm, blood cancer, and many other such diseases, and guide the development of novel treatments and interventions. Microfluidics and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) are two of the most promising new tools for investigating these phenomena. When compared to conventional experimental methods, microfluidics offers many benefits, including lower costs, smaller sample quantities, and increased control over fluid flow and parameters. In this paper, we address the strengths and weaknesses of computational and experimental approaches utilizing microfluidic devices to investigate the rheological properties of blood, the forces of action causing diseases related to cardiology, provide an overview of the models and methodologies of experiments, and the fabrication of devices utilized in these types of research, and portray the results achieved and their applications. We also discuss how these results can inform clinical practice and where future research should go. Overall, it provides insights into why a combination of both CFDs, and experimental methods can give even more detailed information on disease mechanisms recreated on a microfluidic platform, replicating the original biological system and aiding in developing the device or chip itself.
Evaluation and Validation on Sensitivity of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance in Non-Invasive Human Blood Glucose Measurement
Authors: Ge Qing , Han Tongshuai , Liu Rong , Zhang Zengfu , Sun Di , Liu Jin , Xu Kexin
Published: September 2024

In non-invasive blood glucose measurement, the sensitivity of glucose-induced optical signals within human tissue is a crucial reference point. This study evaluates the sensitivity of glucose-induced diffuse reflectance in the 1000–1700 nm range. A key factor in understanding this sensitivity is the rate at which the scattering coefficient changes due to glucose, as it is significantly higher than in non-living media and predominantly influences the diffuse light signal level when blood glucose levels change. The study measured and calculated the changes in the scattering coefficient at 1314 nm, a wavelength chosen for its minimal interference from glucose absorption and other bodily constituents. Based on the Mie scattering theory and the results at 1314 nm, the changes in the scattering coefficient within the 1000–1700 nm range were estimated. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the glucose signal across this range was determined through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The findings from 25 human trials indicate that the measured sensitivities at five other typical wavelengths within this band generally align with the sensitivities calculated using the aforementioned method. This research can guide the identification of blood glucose signals and the selection of wavelengths for non-invasive blood glucose measurements.
Impact of Farm Management on Soil Fertility in Agroforestry Systems in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Chavez Jessica , Nijman Vincent , Sukmadewi Desak Ketut Tristiana , Sadnyana Made Dwi , Manson Sophie , Campera Marco
Published: September 2024

Expansion and intensification of agricultural land in the tropics increasingly raises environmental concerns and questions about sustainability of production systems. A key parameter to consider when assessing the sustainability of production systems is soil fertility, and of particular interest are macronutrients, pH, electrical conductivity, and microbial communities. To understand which environmental factors influence soil fertility, we studied the abovementioned key parameters in two agroforestry systems (rustic and polyculture) in Bali, Indonesia. Via Generalized Linear Models, we found that agroforestry system, canopy cover, crop richness, tree richness, and yields had differing effects on topsoil (0–5 cm) and subsoil (10–15 cm) properties, including C:N ratios, conductivity, K, organic C, P, and total microbes. We found a higher C:N ratio in topsoil (p = 0.027), higher organic carbon content in topsoil (p = 0.009) and subsoil (p < 0.001), higher total microbes in subsoil (p = 0.001), and lower phosphorus levels in topsoil (p < 0.001) in rustic than in polyculture systems. Rustic systems may foster conditions conducive to soil fertility, and in our study, canopy cover (p < 0.001) and tree richness (p < 0.001) emerge as a key positive drivers of the total number of microbes in topsoil. The positive associations observed between crop and tree richness with electrical conductivity and total microbe counts underscore the importance of biodiversity in enhancing soil fertility, emphasizing the need for diversified agricultural systems to promote soil fertility. With soil fertility declining across the world due to global investments in agricultural intensification, it is vital that food production systems divert to the use of systems such as agroforestry in order to ensure soil sustainability and food security for future generations.
Environmental Sustainability of the Removal of Alpaca Fiber Dye Using a Thermally Modified Sludge from a Drinking Water Treatment Facility
Authors: Andrade Gilberto Colina , Jiménez Orihuela Alberto , Challco Hihui Annie , Tejada Meza Kevin , Pacheco Claudia Revilla , Terán Hilares Ruly
Published: September 2024

In this work, the removal of dye using thermally modified sludge from a drinking water treatment facility (DWTS) was evaluated. This study gives value to the waste from the coagulation flocculation process (waste sludge) in order to remove an emerging organic agent (Bordeaux B). The sustainability of the process leads to a circular economy, which represents an important environmental contribution. The physicochemical characterization of the DWTS was carried out by standard methods. DRX and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and superficial specific area SBET N2 at 77 K were used. Thermal activation processes were carried out (200–600 °C) to obtain the best activated thermal conditions for dye removal (T: 500 °C). Muscovite and other minerals were found in the DWTS. Experimental conditions (batch mode) were determined: contact time (CT), pH, adsorbent dose (AD), and dye initial concentration (Co). SBET = 54.77 and 67.90 m2/g by DWTS and TA-500. The best removal efficiency was achieved at 500 °C (R = 85.57 ± 0.76 %, q max = 37.45 ± 0.14 mg/g), which, compared to other unconventional adsorbents, is more reliable and competitive. The adsorption process was adjusted to the Langmuir mathematics model, following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99).
Spatial Differentiation in the Use of Rural Development Programme Funds for the Environment in Poland for the Periods 2007–2013 and 2014–2020
Authors: Baer-Nawrocka Agnieszka , Sadowski Arkadiusz , Wigier Marek
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to assess the changes in agricultural producers’ use of funds allocated for environmental measures under the 2007–2013 RDP (Rural Development Program) and 2014–2020 RDP in Poland. The extent to which environmental CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) funds are used was examined on a geographic basis, so as to take account of socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of districts. Correlation analysis and a cartographic method were used. The study found growing differences in how the funds are used between territorial units. The analysis of correlation provided grounds for concluding that a relationship exists between the share of environmental funds used in total RDP payments and environmental conditions, mostly including the share of permanent pasture in the structure of agricultural land (0.515 in 2014–2020). Conversely, no relationship was discovered between the level of wealth and the local agrarian structure (0.249 and 0.327 in 2014–2020). The analysis of differences between territorial units revealed that in some geographic areas that had the potential for being granted environmental funds, the farmers decided not to apply for them. Based on the above, it was concluded that the potential beneficiaries’ activity in that respect is largely impacted not only by their environmental awareness and attitude but also by historical events.
Big Data Analytics and Organizational Performance: Mediating Roles of Green Innovation and Knowledge Management in Telecommunications
Authors: Aljehani Sultan Bader , Abdo Khalid Waleed , Nurul Alam Mohammad , Aloufi Esam Mohammed
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry, organizations in Bangladesh are facing the challenge of improving their performance to stay competitive. However, there is limited research on how big data analytics (BDA) impacts organizational performance (OP) in this context. Therefore, this study examines the impact of BDA on OP in Bangladesh’s telecommunications industry, with green innovation (GI) and knowledge management (KM) as mediating variables, and big data analytics technical capabilities (BDATCs) as a moderating variable. We collected data from 384 management-level employees across five major telecom companies in Bangladesh using a structured survey questionnaire. Our analysis employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart-PLS 4.0 software. The findings indicate that BDA positively influences OP, and both GI and KM significantly mediate this relationship. However, while BDATCs enhance the BDA–OP relationship, they do not significantly moderate the BDA–GI link. These results underscore the importance of integrating BDA with KM and GI to boost organizational performance. Telecom companies should invest in advanced data analytics, foster a culture of sustainability, and enhance knowledge management practices to achieve superior performance. This study contributes to the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory by demonstrating the strategic role of BDA, GI, and KM in a developing economy context. Future research should expand this investigation across different sectors and consider longitudinal approaches to capture the dynamic nature of BDA’s impact on organizational performance.
Reliability of Reusing Gypsum Flat Board Grinded Waste as a Conventional Plaster Replacement for Buildings
Authors: Puerto Julian David , Uribe Sandra , Ayala Luis , Padilla Alexander , Rodriguez Alvaro
Published: September 2024

This research work focuses on the recycling of gypsum, a key component of drywall panels commonly used in construction. It proposes this practice as a technically and economically viable strategy that also aligns with the circular economy model. In this context, waste loses its status as refuse and is transformed back into raw material. A technical feasibility analysis was conducted based on a sample extracted from a specific project, which was subjected to characterization tests and mechanical behavior assessments in both laboratory and real construction conditions. Additionally, an economic feasibility analysis was performed by comparing the budgets of the same project in two scenarios: the traditional plastering process and the use of recycled gypsum. This analysis highlighted the fiscal and legal benefits that adopting the circular model could offer to stakeholders in the construction industry. This study began with a market analysis to determine the availability of recyclable material and to assess the multiple benefits that its reuse can provide. Based on the characterization of the material obtained from the construction site and the mechanical tests conducted, the economic advantages were evaluated for contractors as well as for the potential establishment of companies focused on gypsum recycling. All of this analysis was framed within the context of sustainability, emphasizing the positive environmental impacts of this practice, as well as the development of a strategy that serves as a valuable proposal for the construction sector. This work concludes that recycling gypsum in construction projects represents a technically, environmentally, and economically sustainable alternative that can positively transform the industry.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Carbon Sources and Sinks in National Park Ecosystem and the Impact of Tourism
Authors: Hu Quanxu , Zhang Jinhe , Xue Huaju , Wang Jingwei , Li Aiqing
Published: September 2024

The capacity of carbon sinks varies among the different types of ecosystems, and whether national parks, as an important type of nature reserve, have a high carbon sink capacity (CSC) and whether eco-tourism in national parks affects their CSC are the main scientific issues discussed. Using MODIS Net Primary Production (NPP) product data, this study analysed the spatiotemporal variation in carbon sources and sinks (CSSs) in the ecosystem of Huangshan National Park from 2000 to 2020, as well as the impact of tourism on these carbon sources and sinks. The findings indicate that, while the ecosystems of national parks generally have a strong CSC, they may not always function as carbon sinks, and during the study period, Huangshan National Park served as a carbon source for four years. Temporally, the CSSs in the ecosystem of the national park exhibit a cyclical pattern of change with a four-year cycle and strong seasonality, with spring and autumn functioning as carbon sinks, and summer and winter as carbon sources. Spatially, the CSSs of the national park ecosystem exhibited a vertical band spectrum of spatial distribution, and the CSC showed a trend of gradual enhancement from low altitude to high altitude. Tourism is a major factor that has an impact on the CSC of national park ecosystems.
The Use of Some Species of Bacteria and Algae in the Bioremediation of Pollution Caused by Hydrocarbons and Some Heavy Metals in Al Asfar Lake Water
Authors: Altammar Fatimah , El Semary Nermin , Aldayel Munirah
Published: September 2024

Pollution is the biggest environmental and health threat in the world. Conventional treatments of polluted habitats require the removal of pollutants contaminating the environment, but removal methods are costly and involve high power consumption. This research aims to investigate the potential for bioremediation and proposes an alternative source for implementing it that is cheaper and more environmentally friendly. The phycobioremediation experiment used hydrocarbon- and heavy-metal-polluted water from Al Asfar Lake, AlAhsa, KSA. The isolation and characterization of the lake’s predominant microalgae and associated bacteria were carried out. Monoalgal cultures of the dominant genera of algae were employed for the treatment of contaminated water and soil samples. The concentrations of the heavy metals and hydrocarbons in these samples were determined before and after the treatments by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (for heavy metals) and gas chromatography (for hydrocarbons). From the initial assessments, the levels of manganese, copper, and chromium were high, with chromium being the highest. Three microalgal isolates were identified: two coccoid, with one being blue-green and the other green, and one filamentous cyanobacterium. These species were the most efficient in removing heavy metals and dangerous hydrocarbons. Molecular characterization revealed Chlorella sp. and Geitlarianema sp. to be the most promising for bioremediation. The present work sheds light on the prospect of using algal and bacterial consortia for optimized, safe, and eco-friendly pollution amelioration.
Transmission Characteristics of the Macropore Flow in Vegetated Slope Soils and Its Implication for Slope Stability
Authors: Bao Jingkun , Wang Kun , Xu Zemin
Published: September 2024

Macropores in the soil of vegetated slopes greatly affect the rainfall infiltration process. In this paper, a realistic 3D macropore network model of a soil column sample is established by CT scanning. Then, the transmission process of the macropore flow is simulated based on MODFLOW. The results show that (1) the shapes of macropores in the soil contain not only the dominant proportion of the circular tube but also a small proportion of the flake. (2) The velocity of macropore flow has a maximum of up to 0.2~0.3 m/s, which is much higher than that of matrix flow. In every single macropore, the flow velocity is the greatest at the central axis perpendicular to the extension and at the throat along the extension. (3) Due to the development of the macropore network system, rainwater can quickly pass through the soil profile in the form of preferential flow or pipe flow, which shortens the lag time of the peak discharge response to rainfall. This process can free up space for the next recharge, but reduce the overall quality of the soil, laying the foundation for the slope failure. Our work helps to unravel the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides and promote harmony and sustainable development between humans and nature.
Seismic Performance Analysis of the Internal Joint in the New Demountable Fabricated Concrete Frame with Prestressed Mortise–Tenon Connections
Authors: Wang Junwei , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Wenxue
Published: September 2024

This paper proposed a novel demountable fabricated joint in frame, which is connected by the prestressed and mortise–tenon connection. The prefabricated components of the demountable structures are designed to be reused, and the joint presented in this paper will promote the sustainable application of prefabricated components in future. The damage process and damage pattern of the internal joints under the horizontal load were analyzed using the refined numerical analysis model based on ABAQUS 6.14. Parametric analyses were conducted simultaneously for five parameters: axial compression ratio, the area and effective initial stress of unbonded prestressed strands (UPSs), the local reinforcement ratio in the core zone of the demountable joint, and the friction coefficient between the interface of concrete. The results showed that the demountable joint exhibits excellent energy dissipation potential under horizontal loads, but the damage was concentrated in the core zone. The deformation of the joint mainly consisted of the self-deformation of the prefabricated components, including bending, bearing and shear, as well as the relative slip deformation between the prefabricated components. The axial compression ratio has a more significant effect on the hysteresis performance compared to the areas of the UPSs and the reinforcement ratio. The initial effective stress of the UPS and the friction coefficient have relatively minor influence on the hysteretic performance of the joint. Finally, this paper recommends the design parameter values (axial compression ratio should not exceed 0.4, area of unbonded prestressed reinforcement should be not lower than Asn=0.02 and not higher than Asn=0.1, the initial stress of the UPS takes the value of 0.75fpu) and outlines optimization measures.
Optimizing Solar Potential Analysis in Cuba: A Methodology for High-Resolution Regional Mapping
Authors: Domínguez Javier , Bellini Carlo , Martín Ana María , Zarzalejo Luis F.
Published: September 2024

The development of solar energy at a regional scale necessitates a thorough understanding of available resources. Cuba, facing prolonged economic, environmental, and energy crises, urgently needs to enhance its sustainability through solar energy. Although solar resource mapping is widespread, Cuba lacks extensive field measurements, often relying on models that may not be ideally suited for large regions, like Matanzas province. Spanning over 12,000 km² with nearly 150 km between its northern and southern extremes, Matanzas presents challenges for high-resolution solar mapping. This study introduces a methodology that integrates various methods and databases to achieve the maximum resolution in the resulting solar map. This approach is designed for large areas, where conventional high-resolution models fall short. By optimizing calculation times and parameterizing the entire surface latitudinally, a high-resolution solar resource map for Matanzas has been developed. This map significantly enhances the understanding of solar resources in Cuba and enables the proposal of new methodologies for analyzing solar potential in similarly large regions.