bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Father, What for?
Authors: Wormser Gérard , Lahire Bernard , Castelain-Meunier Christine , Lingeswaran Amudha
Published: October 2018

Can the young man of today visualize the impossible dialogue of Kafka with his father? The evolution of the society has questioned the father's long time role of supervision and authority. However, does that not open up a restructuring of his figure? The depth of the father's influence is far-reaching. The English paediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald W. Winnicott said, “He can become a maternal substitute for infants, providing child care from the ages of birth to two years as is maternity care”. Paternal love and everyday father/child relationship has a critical role in the development of early childhood. However, is this structuring enough? Does this not open up an era lacking references? Today, what is the father's place at a time of contemporary changes in family life?
Structure and Properties of Nanoglasses
Authors: Ivanisenko Yulia , Kübel Christian , Nandam Sree Harsha , Wang Chaomin , Mu Xiaoke , Adjaoud Omar , Albe Karsten , Hahn Horst
Published: October 2018

Nanoglasses represent a novel structural modification of amorphous materials, exhibiting properties and structural details that are markedly different from those observed in metallic glasses prepared by rapid quenching. In this review, the synthesis method and the techniques used for charactering the structure of nanoglasses are described together with our current understanding of their salient microstructural features. It is believed that the structure of nanoglasses consists of two distinct amorphous regions give rise to mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties that are significantly different from those observed in rapidly quenched (RQ) metallic glasses. Nanoglasses, therefore, constitute a distinct new class of amorphous materials and thus opening up new opportunities for their potential use in a number of structural and functional applications.
Covalent Phenanthroline Framework Derived FeS@Fe3C Composite Nanoparticles Embedding in N‐S‐Codoped Carbons as Highly Efficient Trifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Kong Fantao , Fan Xiaohong , Kong Aiguo , Zhou Ziqian , Zhang Xiaoying , Shan Yongkui
Published: October 2018

Efficient and earth‐abundant materials with multifunctional electrocatalytic properties within a wide range of pH are the new darlings for developing green energy conversion and storage techniques. A novel porous covalent phenanthroline framework (Fe‐Phen‐COFs) that involved Fe‐DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) coordination complexes is successfully synthesized using 3, 8‐dibromophenanthroline and 1, 3, 5‐benzenetriboronicacid trivalent alcohol ester as a rigid building block via Suzuki coupling reaction. Fe‐Phen‐COFs as the self‐carrier enriched with Fe, S, N, and C is pyrolyzed to produce N‐S‐codoping carbons with embedded core–shell Fe3C and FeS composite nanostructures (FeS/Fe3C@N‐S‐C). The FeS/Fe3C@N‐S‐C‐800 obtained by pyrolysis at 800 °C exhibits efficient trifunctional electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within a wide pH range. Impressively, the ORR half‐potential of FeS/Fe3C@N‐S‐C‐800 reaches 0.87 V in 0.1 m KOH, more positive than the previously reported Pt‐free electrocatalysts. It could be utilized as the advanced air electrode materials in zinc–air batteries, which exhibit an excellent power density and cycling stability superior to those of Pt/C‐based zinc–air battery. Thermal conversion of novel Fe‐Phen‐COFs provides an effective strategy to prepare high‐performance trifunctional electrocatalytic materials for the new‐generation powerful energy conversion technologies.
Encapsulation of Ni3Fe Nanoparticles in N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube–Grafted Carbon Nanofibers as High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Tongfei , Luo Gan , Liu Kunhao , Li Xin , Sun Dongmei , Xu Lin , Li Yafei , Tang Yawen
Published: October 2018

The exploration of cost‐effective yet high‐efficiency inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of critical significance for future renewable energy conversion technologies. A feasible electrospinning strategy to construct a novel 1D hierarchical nanoarchitecture comprising Ni3Fe nanoalloy‐encapsulated carbon nanotubes grown onto N‐doped carbon nanofibers (abbreviated as Ni3Fe@N‐C NT/NFs) is demonstrated here. Benefiting from the abundant firmly immobilized Ni3Fe nanoparticles for catalytic sites and hierarchical fibrous nanostructures for effective electron transport and mass diffusion, the resultant Ni3Fe@N‐C NT/NFs display an extraordinary HER activity with a low overpotential of 72 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in KOH medium and a remarkable stability for 40 000 s. Theoretical studies corroborate that the resultant Ni3Fe@N‐C NT/NFs exhibit a favorable Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH* = −0.14 eV), further manifesting their superior HER activity. The present work will advance the development of highly efficient nonprecious electrocatalysts for energy conversion.
3D‐Printed Graphene Oxide Framework with Thermal Shock Synthesized Nanoparticles for Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Qiao Yun , Liu Yang , Chen Chaoji , Xie Hua , Yao Yonggang , He Shuaiming , Ping Weiwei , Liu Boyang , Hu Liangbing
Published: October 2018

Li‐CO2 batteries have emerged as a promising energy storage technology due to their high theoretical energy density. A thick electrode design is an effective approach for further increasing the energy density on device level by decreasing the weight and volume ratios of inactive materials. Exploring and designing novel thick electrodes with high catalytic activity toward reversible reaction between lithium and carbon dioxide are key challenges to achieve a low charge overpotential, long cycling stability, and high rate performance. Herein, an ultrathick electrode (≈0.4 mm) design for Li‐CO2 batteries by anchoring ultrafine Ni nanoparticles (≈5 nm) on a 3D‐printed reduced graphene oxide framework via thermal shock (1900 K for 54 ms) is demonstrated. The cathode displays low overpotential of 1.05 V at 100 mA g−1, high cycling stability of over 100 cycles, and good rate capability (up to 1000 mA g−1). In particular, a high areal capacity of 14.6 mA h cm−2 can be achieved due to the thick electrode design and uniform distribution of ultrafine catalyst nanoparticles. The strategy of combining an advanced 3D printing technique with fast thermal shock represents a promising direction toward thick electrode design in energy storage devices that are not limited to Li‐CO2 batteries.
Promoting Role of MXene Nanosheets in Biomedical Sciences: Therapeutic and Biosensing Innovations
Authors: Soleymaniha Mohammadreza , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Rafieerad Ali Reza , Maleki Aziz , Amiri Ahmad
Published: October 2018

MXene nanosheets have emerged as biocompatible transition metal structures, which illustrate desirable performance for various applications due to their unique structural, physicochemical, and compositional features. MXenes are currently expanding their usage territory from mechanical, optical, chemical, and electronic fields toward biomedical areas. This is mainly originated from their large surface area and strong absorbance in near‐infrared region, which in combination with their facile surface functionalization with various polymers or nanoparticles, make them promising nanoplatforms for drug delivery, cancer therapy, precise biosensing and bioimaging. The facile surface modification of the MXenes can mediate the better in vivo performance of them through reduced toxicity, enhanced colloidal stability, and extended circulation within the body. Herein, the synthesis and state‐of‐the‐art progresses of MXene nanosheets designed for biomedical applications, including structural‐ and dose‐dependent antimicrobial activity, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and implants are emphasized. Furthermore, biosensing applications are highlighted and a comprehensive discussion on photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, and optical imaging of MXenes is presented. The challenges and future opportunities of applying MXene nanomaterials in the area of biomedicine are also discussed.
Topotactic Transformations in an Icosahedral Nanocrystal to Form Efficient Water‐Splitting Catalysts
Authors: Oh Aram , Kim Ho Young , Baik Hionsuck , Kim Byeongyoon , Chaudhari Nitin Kaduba , Joo Sang Hoon , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: October 2018

Designing high‐performance, precious‐metal‐based, and economic electrocatalysts remains an important challenge in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. Here, a highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for PEM electrolyzers based on a rattle‐like catalyst comprising a Ni/Ru‐doped Pt core and a Pt/Ni‐doped RuO2 frame shell, which is topotactically transformed from an icosahedral Pt/Ni/Ru nanocrystal, is reported. The RuO2‐based frame shell with its highly reactive surfaces leads to a very high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 239 mV, which surpasses those of previously reported catalysts. The Pt dopant in the RuO2 shell enables a sustained OER activity even after a 2000 cycles of an accelerated durability test. The Pt‐based core catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction with an excellent mass activity. A two‐electrode cell employing Pt/RuO2 as the electrode catalyst demonstrates very high activity and durability, outperforming the previously reported cell performances.
Optimizing Process Parameters in Commercial Micro‐Stereolithography for Forming Emulsions and Polymer Microparticles in Nonplanar Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Männel Max J. , Selzer Lukas , Bernhardt Ricardo , Thiele Julian
Published: October 2018

The fabrication of microfluidic devices with nonplanar microchannel design by micro‐stereolithography (µSL) for oil‐in‐water (O/W) and water‐in‐oil (W/O) single emulsion as well as oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) and water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion formation is presented. By investigating separation distance, printing direction and voxel compensation in X,Y‐plane as key printing parameters, microflow cells with channel cross‐sections varying from 500 to 75 µm are printed, which are thus truly similar to those yielded by conventional stamped microfluidics. Without the need of controlling microchannel wettability, these flow cells are employed for forming O/W and W/O microdroplets, ≈130–80 µm in diameter and narrow size distribution of 2%, and at frequencies of up to 2.9 kHz. The as‐formed emulsion droplets are then utilized as templates for preparing hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer microparticles, respectively. Likewise, O/W/O and W/O/W double emulsions are prepared in a single microflow cell to extend the applicability of nonplanar, 3D‐printed microfluidic devices. For each set of experiments, the same single flow cell is used to prove the reusability and robustness of the 3D‐printed flow cells compared to microfluidic flow cells fabricated by conventional, combined photo‐ and soft‐lithography.
Multistage Delivery Nanoparticle Facilitates Efficient CRISPR/dCas9 Activation and Tumor Growth Suppression In Vivo
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhao Kai , Wang Chun , Zhang Zhanzhan , Zheng Chunxiong , Zhao Yu , Zheng Yadan , Liu Chaoyong , An Yingli , Shi Linqi , Kang Chunsheng , Liu Yang
Published: October 2018

CRISPR/dCas9 systems can precisely control endogenous gene expression without interrupting host genomic sequence and have provided a novel and feasible strategy for the treatment of cancers at the transcriptional level. However, development of CRISPR/dCas9‐based anti‐cancer therapeutics remains challenging due to the conflicting requirements for the design of the delivery system: a cationic and membrane‐binding surface facilitates the tumor accumulation and cellular uptake of the CRISPR/dCas9 system, but hinders the circulating stability in vivo. Here, a multistage delivery nanoparticle (MDNP) that can achieve tumor‐targeted delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 systems and restore endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression in vivo is described. MDNP is designed as a core‐shell structure in which the shell is made of a responsive polymer that endows MDNP with the capability to present different surface properties in response to its surrounding microenvironment, allowing the MNDP overcoming multiple physiological barriers and delivering the payload to tumor tissues with an optimal efficiency. Systemic administration of MDNP/dCas9‐miR‐524 to tumor‐bearing mice achieved effective upregulation of miR‐524 in tumors, leading to the simultaneous interferences of multiple signal pathways related to cancer cell proliferation and presenting remarkable tumor growth retardation, suggesting the feasibility of utilizing MDNP to achieve tumor‐targeting delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 with sufficient levels to realize its therapeutic effects.
2D Metal Organic Framework‐Graphitic Carbon Nanocomposites as Precursors for High‐Performance O2‐Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Rodenas Tania , Beeg Sebastian , Spanos Ioannis , Neugebauer Sebastian , Girgsdies Frank , Algara‐Siller Gerardo , Schleker Peter Philipp Maria , Jakes Peter , Pfänder Norbert , Willinger Marc , Greiner Mark , Prieto Gonzalo , Schlögl Robert , Heumann Saskia
Published: October 2018

The development of effective and precious‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a major bottleneck to unlock a renewable energy scenario based on water splitting technologies. Materials uniting the electrical conductivity of conjugated graphitic nanomaterials with the chemical regularity of metal‐organic‐framework (MOF) crystals are promising precursors for such electrocatalysts. Nanoscale integration of these two materials is challenging. A new synthesis route is developed that integrates 2D MOF nanocrystals and graphitic carbon nanolamellae into layered composites. The graphitic carrier contributes excellent charge–transport properties, and the 2D macromolecular MOF precursor provides a suitable shuttle for introducing highly dispersed metal species. Furthermore their direct chemical environment can be controlled via selection of organic linker. Thermal decomposition of 2D cobalt tetrafluoro benzene‐dicarboxylate MOF nanocrystals within such composites enables the stabilization of cobalt oxyhydroxyfluoride nanoparticles on the graphitic carrier, which display an extraordinary activity for the OER in alkaline media, with low onset overpotential (310 mVRHE) and current densities >104 mA cm−2 μmolCo−1 at an operating overpotential of 450 mV, alongside excellent operational stability. The wide compositional array of MOFs makes this synthesis approach versatile toward advanced (electro)catalysts and other functional materials for applications from sensing to energy storage and conversion.
Vagus nerve stimulation modulates the cranial trigeminal autonomic reflex
Authors: Möller Maike , Schroeder Celina F. , May Arne
Published: October 2018

Objective

The trigeminal autonomic reflex plays an important role in primary headache syndromes. Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) may be an effective modulator of this reflex.

Methods

Twenty‐two healthy volunteers underwent kinetic oscillation stimulation (KOS) of the left nostril as a reliable trigger of the trigeminal autonomic reflex. Previous to KOS, left cervical nVNS, sham simulation, or no stimulation was applied. Lacrimation was quantified using the standardized Schirmer ll test.

Results

Treatment with cervical nVNS significantly reduced lacrimation between no stimulation and nVNS on the ipsilateral side (minute 5: p = 0.026, ηp2 = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39–18.04; no stimulation: minute 5, 14.4 ± 9.3 mm; nVNS: minute 5, 4.7 ± 8.6 mm, mean ± standard deviation) as well as between sham stimulation and nVNS (minute 5: p = 0.030, ηp2 = 0.85, 95% CI = 1.04–17.24; sham: minute 5, 13.9 ± 6.4 mm). On the contralateral side, no significant increase between baseline and KOS was observed for nVNS (minute 5: p = 0.614, d = 0.12, 95% CI = −7.09 to 4.31; minute 5, 1.4 ± 11.5 mm) compared to both sham stimulation (minute 5: p = 0.023, d = 0.57, 95% CI = −11.46 to −0.96; minute 5, 6.2 ± 10.9 mm) and no stimulation (minute 5: p < 0.030, d = 0.62, 95% CI = −13.45 to −0.81; minute 5, 7.1 ± 11.4 mm).

Interpretation

Cervical nVNS resulted in a robust bilateral reduction of provoked lacrimation. This effect could be mediated either by direct bilateral activation of structures such as the nucleus of the solitary tract or by a top‐down modulation via the hypothalamus. Ann Neurol 2018;84:886–892
Dinuclear Metal Synergistic Catalysis Boosts Photochemical CO2‐to‐CO Conversion
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Wang Hong‐Juan , Huang Hai‐Hua , Wang Jia‐Wei , Guo Song , Liu Wen‐Ju , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: October 2018

The solar‐driven CO2 reduction is a challenge in the field of “artificial photosynthesis”, as most catalysts display low activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction in water‐containing reaction systems as a result of competitive proton reduction. Herein, we report a dinuclear heterometallic complex, [CoZn(OH)L1](ClO4)3 (CoZn), which shows extremely high photocatalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction in water/acetonitrile solution. It achieves a selectivity of 98 % for CO2‐to‐CO conversion, with TON and TOF values of 65000 and 1.8 s−1, respectively, 4, 19, and 45‐fold higher than the values of corresponding dinuclear homometallic [CoCo(OH)L1](ClO4)3 (CoCo), [ZnZn(OH)L1](ClO4)3 (ZnZn), and mononuclear [CoL2(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (Co), respectively, under the same conditions. The increased photocatalytic performance of CoZn is due to the enhanced dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) effect between ZnII and CoII, which dramatically lowers the activation barriers of both transition states of CO2 reduction.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Dual‐Deoxygenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with 2‐Arylethanols
Authors: Wang Yujie , Shao Zhihui , Zhang Kun , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2018

Reported herein is a general and efficient dual‐deoxygenative coupling of primary alcohols with 2‐arylethanols catalyzed by a well‐defined Mn/PNP pincer complex. This reaction is the first example of the catalytic dual‐deoxygenation of alcohols using a non‐noble‐metal catalyst. Both deoxygenative homocoupling of 2‐arylethanols (17 examples) and their deoxygenative cross‐coupling with other primary alcohols (20 examples) proceeded smoothly to form the corresponding alkenes by a dehydrogenation and deformylation reaction sequence.
Standards of Practice in Domestic and Family Violence Behaviour Change Programs in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Day Andrew , Vlais Rodney , Chung Donna , Green Damian
Published: October 2018

Domestic and family violence is a key area of concern for all professionals who work with families, with recent years seeing an expansion in the availability of intervention programs for men who perpetrate violence against women and children. This paper considers current approaches to the regulation of professional practice in this area, providing information about the changing context in which interventions are offered. The purpose of the paper is to encourage ongoing discussion about the setting of men's behaviour change program standards of practice in Australasia and to identify some key issues that require consideration.
Evolution of Hindlimb Muscle Anatomy Across the Tetrapod Water‐to‐Land Transition, Including Comparisons With Forelimb Anatomy
Authors: Molnar Julia L. , Diogo Rui , Hutchinson John R. , Pierce Stephanie E.
Published: October 2018

Tetrapod limbs are a key innovation implicated in the evolutionary success of the clade. Although musculoskeletal evolution of the pectoral appendage across the fins‐to‐limbs transition is fairly well documented, that of the pelvic appendage is much less so. The skeletal elements of the pelvic appendage in some tetrapodomorph fish and the earliest tetrapods are relatively smaller and/or qualitatively less similar to those of crown tetrapods than those of the pectoral appendage. However, comparative and developmental works have suggested that the musculature of the tetrapod forelimb and hindlimb was initially very similar, constituting a “similarity bottleneck” at the fins‐to‐limbs transition. Here, we used extant phylogenetic bracketing and phylogenetic character optimization to reconstruct pelvic appendicular muscle anatomy in several key taxa spanning the fins‐to‐limbs and water‐to‐land transitions. Our results support the hypothesis that transformation of the pelvic appendages from fin‐like to limb‐like lagged behind that of the pectoral appendages. Compared to similar reconstructions of the pectoral appendages, the pelvic appendages of the earliest tetrapods had fewer muscles, particularly in the distal limb (shank). In addition, our results suggest that the first tetrapods had a greater number of muscle‐muscle topological correspondences between the pectoral and pelvic appendages than tetrapodomorph fish had. However, ancestral crown‐group tetrapods appear to have had an even greater number of similar muscles (both in terms of number and as a percentage of the total number of muscles), indicating that the main topological similarity bottleneck between the paired appendages may have occurred at the origin of the tetrapod crown group. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:218–234, 2020. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
An Improved NGS Library Construction Approach Using DNA Isolated from Human Cancer Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Samples
Authors: Zhang Chunze , Wang Yijia , Hu Xia , Qin Litao , Yin Tingting , Fu Wenzheng , Fan Guanwei , Zhang Heng , Liu Guang , Jiang Zhi , Zhang Xipeng , Li Xichuan
Published: October 2018

Identification of genomic alterations from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is very important for cancer‐targeted therapy today. To achieve a higher efficiency and shorter turn‐around time for NGS library preparation, here, we compared NGS library preparation processes and outcomes with three commercial library construction methods and two hybridization capture methods thus, developed an improved NGS library construction approach. This improved approach took advantage of both methods and resulted in a higher output from the same input DNA, including higher library construction success rate, higher probe capture rate, and shorter turn‐around time. Using this approach, targeted region libraries could be constructed within only 1 day for FFPE samples; therefore, this approach has potential applications of NGS in routine clinical tests. Anat Rec, 302:941–946, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validated spectroscopic methods for the estimation of triamterene in bulk powder and capsule form via derivatization reactions
Authors: Ibrahim Fawzia A. , Fouad Manal M. , Rashed Noha S. , Fathy Mona E. , Mahmoud Ebtesam S.
Published: October 2018

Sensitive, simple and specific spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of triamterene in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. The spectrophotometric method (Method A) is based on the formation of an ion‐pair complex with eosin Y in acetate buffered solution of pH 3.7 followed by measuring the absorbance at 545 nm. The absorbance–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range 3.0–15.0 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.429 μg/mL and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.031 μg/mL. The spectrofluorimetric method (Method B) is based on the reaction of triamterene with 7‐ chloro‐4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl) in basic solution (pH 10) to form a product with high fluorescence measured at 546 nm after being excited at 438 nm. The plot of fluorescence versus concentration is linear within the range 2.0–10.0 μg/mL. The suggested methods were applied for the analysis of commercial capsules containing the studied drug with successful results. The results obtained from the proposed method were statistically compared with those of a reported one and revealed good agreement. The presented methods are useful in routine analysis of triamterene in laboratories of quality control.
Development of a simple HPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine teriflunomide and its metabolite in human plasma and urine: Application to clinical pharmacokinetic study of teriflunomide sodium and leflunomide
Authors: Yao Xueting , Liu Yang , Song Ling , Jiang Ji , Xiao Fei , Liu Dongyang , Hu Pei
Published: October 2018

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated to simultaneously determine teriflunomide (TER) and its metabolite 4‐trifluoro‐methylaniline oxanilic acid (4‐TMOA) in human plasma and urine. Merely 50 μL plasma and 20 μL urine were employed in sample preparation using protein precipitation and direct dilution method, respectively. An Agilent Zorbax eclipse plus C18 column was selected to achieve rapid separation for TER and 4‐TMOA within 3 min. Electrospray ionization under multiple reaction monitoring was used to monitor the ion transitions for TER (m/z 269.0 → 159.9), 4‐TMOA (m/z 231.9 → 160.0), internal standard teriflunomide‐d4 (m/z 273.0 → 164.0) and 2‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (m/z 203.8 → 120.1), operating in the negative ion mode. This method proved to have better accuracy and precision over concentration range of 10–5000 ng/mL in plasma as well as 10–10,000 ng/mL in urine. After a full validation, this method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of teriflunomide sodium and leflunomide in Chinese healthy volunteers.
Acromion morphology and prevalence of rotator cuff tear: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Morelli Kimberly M. , Martin Bradley R. , Charakla Fatima H. , Durmisevic Anel , Warren Gordon L.
Published: October 2018

The causes of degenerative rotator cuff (RTC) tears are unclear but certain acromion morphology may contribute. This study's objective was to determine using a systematic review and meta‐analysis the association of acromion type and acromial index with the prevalence of RTC tears. Six databases were searched electronically. Seventeen relevant studies between 1993 and 2017 were included in the meta‐analyses determining the association of RTC tears with acromion type (n = 11) or acromial index (n = 10). Effect sizes were calculated as an odds ratio (OR) for the studies reporting acromion type and as raw mean difference (RMD) for the studies reporting acromial index. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model. There was a significant small‐to‐medium effect found in the meta‐analysis for acromion type (overall OR = 2.82, P = 0.000003), indicating an almost three times greater odds for a RTC tear in individuals with a type‐III acromion as compared with those with a type‐I or ‐II. A significant effect was also found for acromial index (RMD = 0.071, P < 0.0000001), indicating that a larger acromial index is associated with a greater likelihood of a RTC tear. Because of substantial heterogeneity in RMD for acromial index (Q‐df = 92, P < 0.00001; I2 = 89%), subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions were performed. Interestingly, the continent where the study was conducted (i.e., Europe vs. Asia) was the only moderator variable that could explain some of the acromial index heterogeneity. Overall, the findings from our analyses indicate that individuals with either a type‐III acromion and/or a larger acromial index have a greater likelihood for non‐traumatic RTC tears. Clin. Anat. 32:122–130, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting brittle fracture surface shape from a versatile database
Authors: Huang Yuhang , Yu Yonghang , Kanai Takashi
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel data‐driven method that uses a machine learning scheme for formulating fracture simulation with the boundary element method (BEM) as a regression problem. With this method, the crack opening displacement (COD) of every correlation node is predicted at the next frame. In our naive prediction, we design a feature vector directly exploiting stress intensities and toughness at the current frame so that our method predicts the COD at the next frame more reliably. Thus, there is no need to solve the original linear BEM system to calculate displacements. This enables us to propagate crack fronts using the estimated stress intensities. There are existing works that use the machine learning approach to accelerate the speed of traditional physics‐based simulations like smoke and fluid, but our work is the first to incorporate the machine learning scheme into BEM‐based fracture simulations. Our implementation accelerates the acquisition of displacements in linear time over the number of crack fronts at each time step compared with the conventional solution whose time complexity grows exponentially based on the BEM linear system. The databases generated by our method are versatile and can be applied to general situations and different models.
A novel frameshift deletion in NAGLU causing sanfilipo type III‐B in an Indian family
Authors: Jain Sweta , Chaitanya Vamsee , Faruq Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Mucopolysaccharidoses are group of inherited lysosomal storage disorder. Two siblings of a family manifested behavioral abnormalities; hepatosplenomegaly and hypotonia of infantile onset were found to have a novel homozygous frameshift variation, p.Leu280TrpfsTer19 in NAGLU. This variant was predicted to cause the loss of TIM‐barrel and alpha‐helical region of NAGLU protein.
Ensemble Design in Nickel Phosphide Catalysts for Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Albani Davide , Karajovic Konstantin , Tata Bharath , Li Qiang , Mitchell Sharon , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: October 2018

Modification of transition metals with p‐block elements is known to be effective to tune the ensemble characteristics of catalysts for the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. To further explore this approach, here we prepare two nickel phosphides, namely Ni2P and Ni5P4. Assessment in the semi‐hydrogenation of 1‐hexyne and 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol shows that the phosphides present higher rate and selectivity than unmodified nickel catalysts. While no activity and selectivity differences are displayed in the semi‐hydrogenation of 1‐hexyne over Ni2P and Ni5P4, in the case of 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol a higher rate and lower selectivity to 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol are observed over Ni2P. Density functional theory reveals that the hydroxyl group facilitates the reaction, but also increases the barrier for product desorption. Detailed analyses of the ensemble show the potential of phosphorus to create spatially‐isolated nickel trimers that surpass the performance of unmodified nickel, but also its limited ability to modulate the electronic properties and related binding energies of organic intermediates, which is key to preventing undesired side reactions.
Structure and Performance of Poly(vinylidene chloride‐co‐vinyl chloride) Porous Membranes with Different Additives
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Chen Kaikai , Chen Xin , Xiao Changfa , Zhao Wei , Chu Zhiyong
Published: October 2018

Poly(vinylidene chloride‐co‐vinyl chloride) (P(VDC‐co‐VC) membranes were prepared by non‐solvent‐induced phase separation and adjusted by adding water‐soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water‐insoluble silicon dioxide (SiO2) hydrophilic nanoparticles. The structure of pores and antifouling performance were investigated to illustrate the effect of these nanoparticles. The cross section of the P(VDC‐co‐VC) membrane exhibited more macropores and the typical finger‐like pores turned into more vertically interconnected ones with increasing PEG content, while the number and size of finger‐like pores became less with increasing SiO2 content. Considering the filtration and antifouling experiments, the presence of hydrophilic PEG and SiO2 nanoparticles in the P(VDC‐co‐VC) polymer matrix improved the membrane performance in terms of high flux, high BSA rejection ratio, and fouling resistance.
2D and 3D Silica‐Template‐Derived MnO2 Electrocatalysts towards Enhanced Oxygen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Selvakumar Karuppiah , Kumar Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil , Thangamuthu Rangasamy , Rajput Parasmani , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Jha Shambhu Nath
Published: October 2018

In this work, a hard‐template‐based nano‐replication process is employed to prepare mesoporous MnO2 materials. We adopted four silica materials, namely, SBA‐15, KIT‐6, MCM‐41, and MCM‐48 as templates to prepare MnO2 materials by using a nanocasting route. The structural characteristics of the resultant MnO2 materials were thoroughly investigated by using XRD, BET, FESEM, HR‐TEM, XPS, and Raman techniques. All studies confirmed the replication of porous MnO2 nanostructures from silica supports in β‐crystallographic form. By employing X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), we identified the existence of Mn and oxygen vacancies in the developed MnO2 material. The hydrodynamic linear sweep voltammetric technique was employed to demonstrate the efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of the catalyst in 0.1 M KOH solution. The KIT‐6‐derived MnO2 nanostructure displayed equal activity to the benchmark catalyst RuO2. This work lays a foundation to prepare and employ ordered mesoporous MnO2 materials as OER/ORR catalysts, which have potential applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.
In Situ Anchoring of Pyrrhotite on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheet for Efficient Immobilization of Uranium
Authors: Hao Xuan , Zhang Hongsen , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Chen Rongrong , Yu Jing , Zhang Milin , Liu Peili , Wang Jun
Published: October 2018

Enrichment of UVI is an urgent project for nuclear energy development. Herein, magnetic graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were successfully prepared by in situ anchoring of pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) on the graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CNNS), which were used for capturing UVI. The structural characterizations of Fe7S8/CNNS‐1 indicated that the CNNS could prevent the aggregation of Fe7S8 and the saturation magnetization was 4.69 emu g−1, which meant that it was easy to separate the adsorbent from the solution. Adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the sorption properties. The results disclosed that the sorption data conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 572.78 mg g−1 at 298 K. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the main adsorption mechanism are as follows: UVI is adsorbed on the surface of Fe7S8/CNNS‐1 through surface complexation initially, then it was reduced to insoluble UIV. Thereby, this work provided an efficient and easy to handle sorbent material for extraction of UVI.
β‐Ketoiminato Iridium(III) Organometallic Complexes: Selective Cytotoxicity towards Colorectal Cancer Cells HCT116 p53‐/‐
Authors: Lord Rianne M. , Zegke Markus , Henderson Imogen R. , Pask Christopher M. , Shepherd Helena J. , McGowan Patrick C.
Published: October 2018

This report presents a new library of organometallic iridium(III) compounds of the type [Cp*IrCl(L)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and L=a functionalized β‐ketoiminato ligand) showing moderate to high cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines. All compounds show increased activity towards colorectal cancer, with preferential activity observed against the immortalized p53‐null colorectal cell line, HCT116 p53‐/‐, with sensitivity factors (SF) up to 26.7. Additionally, the compounds have excellent selectivity for cancerous cells when tested against normal cell types, with selectivity ratios (SR) up to 35.6, contrary to that of cisplatin, which is neither selective nor specific for cancerous cells (SF=0.43 and SR=0.7–2.3). This work provides a preliminary understanding of the cytotoxicity of iridium compounds in the absence of p53 and has potential applications in treatment of cancers for which the p53 gene is absent or mutant.
Rapid Estimation of NO Oxidation Kinetic Data from Experiments
Authors: Dubbe Hendrik , Bühner Florian , Nieken Ulrich
Published: October 2018

Parameter estimation for Langmuir‐Hinshelwood/Hougen‐Watson type of kinetics in the field of automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment can be challenging as a great variety of parameter sets can result in a similar model quality as rate and inhibition parameters can interact during numerical optimization although they can be regarded independent from theory. This contribution introduces a method that enables the model‐based rapid estimation of NO oxidation kinetic information on a Pt‐only monolith catalyst from a straightforward set of synthesis gas test‐bench experiments.
A random chemical reaction optimization algorithm based on dual containers strategy for multi‐rotor UAV path planning in transmission line inspection
Authors: Yang Qing , Yang Zhong , Zhang Tianyi , Hu Guoxiong
Published: October 2018

Aiming at the specific mission requirements of high‐voltage transmission line inspection, a modeling method based on columnar space is proposed, which simplifies the complexity of traditional methods to a certain extent, and ensures enough modeling accuracy. Then, an improved random chemical reaction algorithm based on dual container strategy (RMCRO) is proposed, and the new algorithm divides the set of molecules into two subsets and puts them into two reaction containers, respectively. A subset introducing PSO algorithm strategy strengthens the strategy of diversity algorithm molecules and enhances the global search capability of the algorithm. Additionally, another subset introducing elitist selection and differential strategy strengthens the local search ability of the algorithm and accelerates the convergence speed. Then, through the exchange of the two subsets under certain conditions, the advantages of the two subsets can be further integrated to eliminate the original defects. Finally, respectively analyze the simulation of two typical scenarios of transmission line inspection based on multi‐rotor UAV, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can avoid the local minimum, the path planning is shorter, and it can make the airborne camera equipment working in a more stable state.
An efficient method to resolve intraclass variability using highly refined HOG description model for human action recognition
Authors: K Akila , S Chitrakala
Published: October 2018

Recognizing the human action is an interesting field and promising area of research due to its importance in various applications. HAR system seeks to interpret the actions being accomplished by the human within the video sequence instinctively and tagging their actions for the primary need of an intelligent video system. Recently, the research attention becomes more focused on recognizing the human actions in unrestrained videos, as the variations in scale, illumination, etc, are often will be the case for performance degradation. Hence, we introduced a novel refined gradient model to normalize the HOG descriptor for the scale‐invariant and appearance modeling. In addition, as different subjects can perform the same action in a different manner. Their different appearance or style variation leads to errors. To resolve this Intraclass variability of actions a discriminative approach has been proposed to explore action attributes. Thus, this system unites these two to reduce the discrimination error. This new approach gives near‐perfect ways for reducing overall dense trajectory displacements with significant accuracy enhancements. The complete action recognition system was evaluated on a number of test videos from real‐world data sets and compared against state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Fog assisted IoT based medical cyber system for cardiovascular diseases affected patients
Authors: Karthick T , Manikandan M
Published: October 2018

IoT based Patient monitoring is the current need of the hour. The critical care services have been a crucial part for patients, who suffer from serious health conditions and heart diseases. Increased population is one of the major reasons behind waiting for clinical health monitoring services in hospitals. The current internet era and IoT based health support systems provide medical services for individuals and hospitals to forecast or early‐detect probable critical care situations. The proposed approach is a new health care support system for heart patients to monitor and report with hospitals. We have introduced a Fog assisted IoT based cardio monitoring application to help the decision support system, which also tested with the existing analogues health care applications to show its elevated performance.
Strong authentication framework using statistical approach for cloud environments
Authors: Subramanian Nalini , Andrews J.
Published: October 2018

Security is one of the important challenges faced by cloud computing. There are so many methods like encryption, firewall, and providing access control to achieve security. These methods alone cannot provide a flawless access to the available resources. We are in need of a paradigm that permits only authenticated users to access the resources from the cloud. The objective of the proposed paradigm is to provide a strong authentication. Our proposed method considers only the appropriate parameters from the available plenty of parameters, which is used to prove a user to be an authenticated person. The selection of the required parameters is achieved using Principle Component Analysis, then Support Vector Machine classifies accurately the authenticated and unauthenticated users. The simulation result shows that our proposed paradigm achieves high security. We compute our paradigm with various evaluation metrics and we compared with similar models like Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Networks. We got great improvement. In order to reduce the complexity, the number of parameters is reduced because, if the parameters are huge, the algorithm prediction will be more complex, which leads to false negatives.
Cooperative localization and tracking in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hehdly Kaouther , Laaraiedh Mohamed , Abdelkefi Fatma , Siala Mohamed
Published: October 2018

Cooperative localization has attracted great attention in recent years. However, in some scenarios, localization precision is challenging and does not meet the application requirements. In this paper, Kalman and Particle filters (KF and PF) are considered for cooperative localization scenarios purpose. We propose to apply these techniques to cooperative localization approaches that we investigated in previous papers: Evolved Variational Message Passing algorithm (E‐VMP) and Cooperative Robust Geometric Positioning Algorithm (C‐RGPA). The main added value of distributed tracking filters is to guarantee dynamic versions of these two algorithms. The proposed techniques are evaluated and compared by means of real heterogeneous measurements carried out using ZigBee and OFDM devices and where location‐dependent parameters such as RSSI and RTD are exploited.

Experiments and realistic simulations reveal that the proposed techniques exhibit better localization accuracy for very low complexity and cost. Moreover, the comparative study shows that distributed particle filter (DPF) provides better performance than KF in terms of positioning accuracy and root‐mean square error.
Detection of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in urine samples using a capillary Western system
Authors: Desharnais Philippe , Naud Jean‐François , Ayotte Christiane
Published: October 2018

The presence of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in the urine samples collected from athletes is detected using traditional Western blotting following either size‐based separation (SDS/SAR‐PAGE) or isoelectric focusing (IEF). Although there is an important testing effort, there is little doubt that ESAs are still abused in sports and that reducing the costs of the tests might increase the number of tests and improve deterrence. The capillary electrophoresis system developed by Protein Simple may be useful to this end. This platform is fully automated and could be easily implemented in anti‐doping laboratories, which would contribute to the improvement of the overall assay performance and standardization of the method. Such an automated system could be of interest during major sports events, such as the Olympic Games, where a high number of samples needs to be analyzed in a short period of time. From the experiments conducted so far, we conclude that the technique is promising, with the sensitivity and reproducibility needed to screen ESAs in human urine samples.
Habitat effects on intra‐species variation in functional morphology: Evidence from freshwater fish
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Yu Shixiao , Lek Sovan , Li Xinhui
Published: October 2018

Biotic‐environment interactions have long been considered an important factor in functional phenotype differentiation in organisms. The differentiation processes determining functional phenotypes can reveal important mechanisms yielding differences in specific functions of animal traits in the ecosystem. In the present study, we examined functional morphological variations in relation to increasing geographic altitude. Six fish species were examined for how environment factors affect intra‐specific functional morphology in the subtropical Pearl River in southern China. Functional morphology traits revealed variable effects due to geographic elevation, although spatial autocorrelation existed among the species tested. The results showed that high‐elevation individuals had a more narrow‐bodied morphology, with more flexible maneuvrability when swimming, and more evenly distributed musculature than low‐elevation individuals. Low‐elevation individuals preyed upon larger food sources than high‐elevation individuals in some species. Fish functional morphology was strongly affected by regional environmental factors (such as elevation and water temperature) and physical characteristics of local rivers (such as flow velocity, river fractals, and coefficients of fluvial facies). In addition, the effects of the regional factors were stronger than those of the local factors in the Pearl River. Furthermore, it was found that morphological traits associated with locomotion were primarily effected by the river's physical characteristics. While morphological traits associated with food acquisition were primarily affected by water chemical factors (such as DO, water clarity, NH4‐N concentration, and TDS). These results demonstrated that habitat has an influence on the biological morphology of fish species, which further affects the functioning of the organism within the ecosystem.