bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Dual PCR Method for Detection of Pasteurella Multocida and Haemophilus Parasuis
Authors: Чжан Юй Юй , Ребенко Галина , Ху Цзяньхе , Чжан Шоупінг
Published: October 2021

Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis are the main pathogens of porcine respiratory disease syndrome, and often are the common pathogens of porcine pulmonary disease in collectivized pig farms. It has brought great influence on the pig industry and seriously hampered the healthy development of pigs. Therefore, the rapid detection method for Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis is the key to its successful prevention and control. In the process of diagnosis, we need to conduct laboratory tests for confirming of preliminary diagnosis, that can be made based on the history, clinical symptoms, pathological changes of necropsy and epidemiological characteristics of the disease. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as bacterial isolation and immunological test, are time-consuming and laborious, and are not suitable for rapid clinical diagnosis, nor for large-scale epidemiological investigation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method to identify the two common respiratory pathogens in pigs.

In this paper, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis were used as research objects to establish a dual PCR detection method. The main research contents are as follows: A dual PCR assay was established to detect Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis simultaneously. By using Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis specific primers, and adjusting primer concentration and annealing temperature, a dual PCR method for detecting Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis was established.

The rapid detection method for Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis established in this study has high specificity and sensitivity, and can realize rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic bacteria in a relatively short period of time, providing a new technical means for rapid detection in clinical and grassroots laboratories
The Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide MPX against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Vitro
Authors: Дзяо Ксюєцінь , Фотіна Ганна , Ванг Лей , Ху Цзяньхе
Published: October 2021

Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic bacteria that exists in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It can cause diarrhea, enteritis, destruction of the host's intestinal barrier, and intestinal microecological disturbances.  In recent years, due to the abuse of traditional antibiotics, a variety of drug-resistant strains and super bacteria have emerged in an endless stream. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new alternatives to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are a type of small peptides produced when organisms resist the invasion of foreign microorganisms. They are considered to be the best alternative to antibiotics which has become a research hotspot in recent years. The antimicrobial peptide MPX is extracted from wasp venom and has a good bactericidal effect on many bacteria. To explore the effect of MPX against E. coli. The function of MPX against E. coli was detected by MIC, plate count, propidium iodide, NPN and DiSC3(5) permeability testing, immunofluorescence microscope observation, and the impact of MPX stability by temperature, pH, ion. In this study, the results found that MPX has good antibacterial activity against E. coli, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 31.25 ug/mL. MPX bactericidal kinetics study found that MPX had good bactericidal activity within 6 hours. Bacterial permeability studies have shown that MPX could increase the permeability of bacteria, leading to an increase in the protein content of the bacterial supernatant. In addition, NPN, PI and DiSC3(5) results showed that the fluorescence value was positively correlated with MPX. The stability test of MPX found that salt ions, temperature, pH, etc. have a slight influence on its effect. In addition, scanning electron microscopy results showed that the bacteria became smaller and the contents leaked after the action of MPX. The above results showed that MPX has a good bactericidal activity in vitro, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections.
MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE TOURIST ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF INNOVATIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kokorieva Olha , Korchevska Liliya , Glynska Anastasiya
Published: October 2021

The article considers important aspects and topical issues related to the management of the creative potential of the staff of the tourist enterprise on the basis of innovative and communicative technologies. An analysis of the scientific literature in this area, the results of which revealed that the issue of managing the creative potential of tourism enterprises in the scientific community is covered in a rather fragmentary manner and needs more in-depth study. The article discusses current issues to be supported at the level of state leadership related to the need to develop the creative potential of staff in tourism enterprises, and notes that this is critical for the production of technological creativity and commercial innovation. It is noted that the introduction of modern information technology in the management system requires significant investment of managers of tourism enterprises, but at the same time will reduce labor costs, improve quality and expand the range of services, reduce preparation time for new services and increase service flexibility. The article describes innovative software that allows tour operators to place their proposals in a single information field of the tourist system and quickly manage them, facilitates the management of tourism managers and has a number of positive effects from the implementation of the tourist enterprise. Emphasis is placed on the need to introduce innovative and communicative technologies in the field of tourism due to the relatively rapid pace of their renewal. An example of a creative decision of tourism managers in a coronavirus pandemic is given. The concept of “management of creative potential of staff at a tourism enterprise” is defined as a special management activity aimed at enhancing creative and communicative activities of employees to generate, search, develop and implement creative ideas, evaluate and select them to implement innovative enterprise development and obtain high economic, social, environmental results. The need for state support for the introduction of innovative and communication technologies in the activities of tourism enterprises are noted.
DROPSHIPPING OPPORTUNITIES IN BUSINESS
Authors: Mendela Iryna
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the definition of dropshipping, provides a diagram of a dropshipper, shows models of the dropshipper entering the B2C and B2B markets. The essence of the requirements for the dropshipper on the market is clarified and the creation of the importance of its brand is shown.
Dropshipping is one of the models of doing business, when the entrepreneur may not have stocks of goods in the warehouse, in fact, there may be no warehouse at all, but buyers order the goods in the online store. When the dropshipper receives an order to purchase goods, then he or she can buy goods from the supplier or even transfer the customer’s data to the supplier, who in turn makes the sale and delivery, and the dropshipper deducts the agreed percentage of sales. Dropshipping is beneficial to all participants in the process.
The dropshipping process is traditionally reduced to the following scheme: the initial stage of concluding a contract with the supplier; creation of an online store and further work on promotion; attracting buyers and concluding sales agreements; transfer of orders through the site to the supplier in a way that is usually agreed in advance; the dropshipper sends the completed order to the specified recipient.
With such an arrangement, you can easily open your own online store without being a manufacturer of goods. An entrepreneur in the organization of mediation usually focuses on marketing and promoting himself or herself as a businessman, and also begins to work more actively to increase sales channels.
In Ukraine, dropshipping is considered to be the safest way to trade. Entrepreneurs are attracted by such advantages as the absence of the need to find premises for rent, as well as the lack of staff, i.e., the absence of the need for large financial investment at the start. The main tool for starting sales through dropshipping is the Internet.
Suppliers see real benefits from such cooperation, so are willing to respond to offers. Sites that work on this model are gradually filling free market niches. And even large online stores are partially switching to such a system of cooperation with manufacturers.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF DEBT SECURITY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Davydenko Nadiia , Zhovnirenko Olena , Volkov Andrii
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to assess the level of debt security of the state and justify the formation of its strategy.
The main element of creating an effective debt strategy is the analysis of quantitative indicators of public debt and assessment of debt sustainability of the state. Without such a study, the formation of the state debt policy strategy and management decisions will be impossible, as it will not have a scientifically sound basis.
The article presents the threshold values of debt security indicators, which allow to qualitatively assess the state of debt security of Ukraine. The thresholds of the indicators form a clear concept and understanding of the level of security and the current situation and the international debt policy market. Examining the debt burden, which is formed by these indicators, you can make a forecast and redistribute cash resources in the budgets of future periods.
Ukraine's debt security assessment has been performed. Based on the assessment of debt sustainability indicators of Ukraine's external public debt, a tendency to increase not only the absolute and relative indicators of Ukraine's external public debt, but also indicators that inform about the risks of deterioration of the country's debt sustainability indicators. It is established that at the moment the debt situation in Ukraine is rather unstable. The leading role in this is played not only by the amount of debt, but also its relationship with the real and financial sectors of the economy. Declining exports, declining inventories, the crisis in the euro area, and low labor efficiency increase the risk of default.
The necessity of formation of optimal debt structure is proved and long-term tasks of formation of debt policy for Ukraine are defined, in particular, planning the cost of repaying and servicing public debt, planning the debt portfolio, directing state guarantees to infrastructure, establishing control over the level of international reserves, establishing the expediency of financing social expenditures and reducing financial borrowing to cover deficits and interest rates and effective exchange rate policy.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE INTEREST RATE CHANNEL OF MONETARY TRANSMISSION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Mishchenko Volodymyr , Naumenkova Svitlana , Mishchenko Svitlana
Published: October 2021

Ensuring a high level of monetary regulation of the economy and improving the efficiency of the central bank's monetary policy largely depend on how effective is the mechanisms of transmission of monetary impulses from the decisions of monetary authorities to market participants through the use of monetary transmission.
Given that in the current environment, interest rate policy is the main component of the monetary policy of the vast majority of central banks, interest rate channel is important in the process of monetary transmission. This is also due to the fact that in the monetary transmission system, the interest channel is most closely linked to the mechanisms of functioning of monetary, credit and currency channels.
Solving this problem requires the identification the role of the interest channel in the mechanism of monetary transmission, the peculiarities of its function in current conditions, revealing clear causal links and the basic principles of the systematic regularity of monetary development. In addition, it is necessary to identify clear criteria and methods for assessing the effectiveness of the channel, as well as systems and indicators, which allow the use of several parameters in the flow of interest to the channel on the basis of monetary and macroeconomic indicators.
The conducted research is based on the statistics of the National Bank of Ukraine for 2005-2020, the system of economic-statistical and economic-mathematical methods, as well as on the calculation of indicators, and is characterize the reliability of models.
Quantitative assessment of the efficiency and operating conditions of the interest rate channel of the monetary transmission mechanism should be based on the basic principles of monetary theory and a reliable statistical base. This suggests ways to improve the efficiency of the interest rate channel through the central bank's interest rate policy, adequate money market conditions, and prudent government borrowing policies in the domestic market to ensure efficient transmission of monetary impulses from the central bank to the real sector of the economy.
The results of the study can be used to substantiate the forecast parameters of monetary indicators of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) and the conditions of effective functioning of the interest rate channel of monetary transmission in Ukraine in the medium term.
ALGORITHM OF DIAGNOSTICS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRO-FOOD ENTERPRISES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MARKET VALUE OF BUSINESS
Authors: Bovkun Olha
Published: October 2021

The article considers the functioning of agro-food enterprises and the algorithm of diagnostics of economic security of agro-food enterprises and its influence on the market value of business. The essence of the tools of influence of economic security of agro-food enterprises on further sustainable development and financial balance is revealed. Methods for assessing the effectiveness of the existing system of economic security and financial protection, which require deepening of indicators and acquire new target criteria for changes in the strategic interests of business, are studied. It is established that in order to economically protect domestic producers and improve the socio-economic conditions of agro-food development. Mastering the tools of economic security of agro-food enterprises on further sustainable development and financial balance through the search for optimal volumes, directions and structure of economic resources in general is determined by solving theoretical and methodological problems in formulating the definition of economic security, structuring its elements at different levels (national, sectoral) at the level of economic entities of the agro-food sector) and economic relations between them. Significant impact on the positive dynamics of market value of business in a period of uncertain conditions and economic transformations has the quality of innovation and investment support for enterprise development, which shapes the nature of capital management and should reconcile the diversified economic interests of agro-industrial entities, their property composition and the efficiency of directing investment flows within the industry. The core factor of rapid diagnostics is the market value of the business, which is the optimal indicator of the efficiency of the enterprise. The purpose of this article is to methodology of the national economy, agro-food enterprises should define target criteria for assessing economic security and financial security, form a system of signal indicators of threats and, depending on the specific features of their activities.
PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNAL LAND MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Klepanchuk Olha
Published: October 2021

The processes that occur in various areas of the land market affect the quality of development of the national economic system. Issues of volume and conditions of purchase and sale of agricultural land, pricing and rent formation for industrial land use, environmental aspects of land use are extremely important given the feasibility and timeliness of land reform, which highlights the need for clear identification of existing problems and outline possible directions for development, land relations. The article analyzes the state of land use in Ukraine, profitability and profitability of agriculture. Instability, low investment attractiveness of the market, non-compliance with the norms of rational land use, land parceling, non-compliance with the criteria of environmental friendliness were noted. The negative consequences of the moratorium on land sales are the shadow use of land, a significant number of corruption schemes, land lordization, crop rotation violations. It was found that agricultural holdings, as beneficiaries of the current market model, use land quite efficiently, but the state remained excluded from the market. Lack of full circulation of land makes market pricing impossible, local monopolies appear on the rental market. The issue of creating a mortgage land bank for long-term lending secured by land remains unresolved. Among the problem areas are the improper functioning of the state land cadaster, gaps in land inventory and identification of market objects. Institutional regulation requires the determination of the boundaries of settlements, reserve lands and land massifs in the area, the definition of landowners and land users of land plots and their founders. The need for liberalization of market circulation is identified and its possible positive socio-economic consequences are outlined. Further scientific research is proposed to be aimed at solving the problem of developing a regulatory framework for the functioning of the internal land market, capable of providing equal rights and opportunities for all its participants.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FORM LOCAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MANIFESTATION IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Lunkina Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The article presents the main aspects of social infrastructure development as a form of local social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the economy. The main tools of social infrastructure development within the framework of local social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the economy are substantiated and generalized. The forecast of the main factors hindering the development of Ukrainian economy was analyzed. It was proved that at the national level local social responsibility affects the structural components of social infrastructure. The positive changes associated with the power decentralization, which are able to become an additional source of funding, were discussed. It was found that the key aspect of rural social infrastructure effective development is the comprehensive coordination of all management spheres and all levels of territorial authorities. The hierarchy of social infrastructure development is given. It consists of three levels. Each level is regulated by relevant documents and norms. It is proved that the efficiency of social infrastructure development depends on a harmonious combination and coordination between each level of functioning. Thus, if at least one of the levels is not observed, the integrity of this hierarchy is violated.
The influence of basic living conditions on the development of social infrastructure is substantiated, because the level of rural population well-being depends on how agricultural enterprises will be developed. According to the World Data Center, it has been found that in Ukraine there are factors that hinder social and economic development. It is proposed to create a fund of the social and rural infrastructure development at the local level. Its implementation will have positive consequences at all levels of the hierarchy. The formation of a local fund for rural infrastructure development is provided through direct forms of participation of agricultural enterprises in the development of social infrastructure, namely: public-private partnership (social partnership), social entrepreneurship, social projects, venture financing and more. The sources of this fund can be definitely interesting in the field of taxes and fees paid by agricultural enterprises. Besides it can be meaningful in the sphere of concessions and fines for environmental pollution, charitable contributions, social investments etc.
Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Source Choice of Households
Authors: Mulugeta Seble , Leta Amenu
Published: October 2021

Renewable energy technologies are the best option for rural peoples until hydroelectric power is well disseminated in the country of Ethiopia where critical energy access and supply problems exist with a poorly ventilated cooking places. The current study examined the factors determining households’ decision to adopt renewable energy technologies and energy source choices in Boset District. A two-stage stratified random sampling was employed to draw a sample of 210 respondents. Binary logit model has revealed that age, family size, education, income, number of livestock owned, landholding size, and training were significant to adopt technologies. On the other hand, multinomial model has indicated that age, family size, landholding size, income, livestock ownership, education, and training have significant role in the modern and mixed energy choices vis-à-vis traditional energy. The study has suggested that continued training and education are required to enhance households’ awareness concerning renewable energy sources.
THE ABUNDANCE OF BORRELIA INIXODID TICKS OF BAIKAL REGION
Authors:   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia, Mel’nikova O.V. , Trushina Yu.N. ,   Bokhan District Hospital, Bokhan settlement, Irkutsk region, Russia, Adel’shin R.V. ,   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia, Yakovchits N.V. ,   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia, Vershinin E.A. ,   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia, Verzhutskaya Yu.A. ,   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia, Andaev E.I. ,   Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: October 2021

Ixodid ticks (n=3714) from natural foci of Baikal Region (Irkutsk Region and Republic of Buryatia) have been examined for pathogenic Borrelia DNA during 2013-2010. On average 40.9 % of the samples were positive for Borrelia markers during the survey period; the range of variantion was – 32–55 %. The increasing of infection rate in ticks is traced in multi-year trends. During the ticks’ activity season, maximal infection rates have been noted at the end of the season (60 %), minimal – at the very beginning of the season (28,6 %) and on the peak of vectors’ abundance (36-39 %). The significant geographical, species and age differences have been detected in Borrelia infection rate of Ixodid ticks. Borrelia DNA have been detected considerably more often in taiga tick (the main vector of Ixodid tick borrelioses in Siberia) and in its nymphs more often, than in adult ticks. There was no difference in the infection rate of male and female ticks, and also between ticks, collected from the vegetation and from human and animals. The ratio og genotyped Borrelia species had been as follows: 64.2 % – B. garinii, 21,7 % – B. afzelii, 14,2 % – B. miyamotoi. Key words: Ixodid ticks, pathogenic Borrelia, PCR, genotyping, Baikal Region.
FATAL RATES OF MALARIA PATIENTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2020
Authors:   Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Tyumen Research Institute of Regional Infectious Pathology” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Stepanova T.F. , Belyaeva M.I. ,   Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Tyumen Research Institute of Regional Infectious Pathology” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Stepanova K.B. ,   Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Tyumen Research Institute of Regional Infectious Pathology” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Baranova A.M. ,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Trushnikova I.V. ,   Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Tyumen Research Institute of Regional Infectious Pathology” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Malysheva N.S. ,   Kursk State University, Kursk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article presents data on 7 deaths of patients with malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) in 2020 in the Russian Federation, errors in the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory diagnostics of malaria. The use of preventive measures and effective drugs, adherence to the Protocol for the treatment of patients with malaria of various types, improving the knowledge of medical personnel of medical and preventive medical organizations are especially necessary during a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection for the timely differential diagnosis of diseases. Key words: malaria, clinical diagnostics, treatment, deaths.
СLONORCHIASIS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI
Authors:   Medical University Pacific State Medical University Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia, Vladivostok, Popov A.F. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Ermolenko A.V. ,   Federal scientific center for biodiversity Feb RAS, Ivanis V.A. ,   Medical University Pacific State Medical University Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia, Vladivostok, Homichuk T.F. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Krai, Vladivostok
Published: October 2021

Natural foci of clonorchiasis are localized on the territory of Primorsky Territory. The incidence of clonorchiasis ranged from 0.57 per 100 thousand population in 2014 (10 cases) to 1.5 per 100 thousand in 2012 (28 cases), and in 2010 (35 cases) to 1.9 per 100 thousand population is the maximum level. Analyzed 100 case histories of patients with clonorchiasis. Women predominated (63%). The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 77 years, the average age was 37 years. 82% of cases fell on the age of 18-70 years, 15% - on children from 3 to 18 years old, 3% - people over 70 years old. In 26% of patients, clonorchiasis proceeded in an acute form, in 74% - in a subclinical form. 89% had C. sinensis cleansing after taking praziquantel. Key words: clonorchiasis, acute, chronic, C. sinensis, Primorsky Krai.
SOME ASPECTS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF WILD DUCK MEAT IN SARCOCYSTOSIS
Authors:   FGBNU All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hunting and Fur Breeding named after V.I. Professor B.M. Zhitkov, Domsky I.A. , Zhdanova O.B. ,   FGBNU All-Russian Research Institute of Parasitology - branch of VNIIEV im. K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko,   Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Okulova I.I. ,   FGBNU All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hunting and Fur Breeding named after V.I. Professor B.M. Zhitkov,   Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rudneva O.V. ,   FGBNU All-Russian Research Institute of Parasitology - branch of VNIIEV im. K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko, Uspensky A.V. ,   FGBNU All-Russian Research Institute of Parasitology - branch of VNIIEV im. K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko, Malysheva N.S. ,   Kursk State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, Rossohin D.V. ,   Vyatka State Agrotechnological University
Published: October 2021

Now hunting for wild animals and birds is widespread in the Russian Federation. However, the veterinary and sanitary examination was not fully elaborated for a number of parasitic diseases, in particular for sarcocystosis of ducks. It is one of the most widespread avian diseases and it is increasingly being encountered by biologists, hunters and veterinarians. The article presents parameters for evaluating the meat of clinically healthy ducks and those infected with sarcocysts. The results obtained allow us to conclude about the prevalence and the need to improve the veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat and the system of preventive measures for sarcocystic invasion. Key words: sarcocystosis, hunting, ducks.
MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON PARASITIC DISEASES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Gulinа Mambet kyzy , Raimkulov K.M. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Isakov T.B. ,   Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic, Toigombaeva V.S. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Kuttubaev O.T. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Malysheva N.S. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: October 2021

The analysis of the epidemiological situation on parasitic diseases for 2008-2019 showed an upward trend. The prevalence of intestinal infections is one of the most important indicators of social and sanitary wellbeing. According to the age category, children of preschool and school age are more susceptible to invasion. According to the gender distribution, there is a relatively high prevalence in women. During the analyzed period, the parasitic structure throughout the republic among the examined individuals was formed from eleven nosological forms that are more common in the country: enterobiosis, giardiasis, ascariasis, hymenolepidosis, teniarynchosis, teniosis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, dicrocelesis, fasciolosis, trichocephalosis. During the analyzed period in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR), the average long-term incidence of parasitoses per 1000 examined persons was 34.5, the minimum - 32.6 (2008) and the maximum-38.4 (2012). Key words: invasion, mixed invasion, enterobiasis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, giardiasis, lesion, longterm indicator.
A Simple Choice Model for Boundedly Rational Agents
Authors: YILDIZ Kemal
Published: October 2021

We analyze a restricted pro-con random choice model of Dogan and Yildiz (2018) in which there are only two observable orderings relevant for choice such as price and quality. An agent is endowed with two orderings that both serve as pro-orderings and con-orderings. For each choice set, if an alternative is the top-ranked (bottom-ranked) by one of these orderings, then this is a pro (con) for choosing that alternative. Each pro or con item has a weight reflecting its salience. Each alternative is chosen with a probability proportional to the total weight of its pros and cons. In our analysis, we provide a set of choice axioms, which guarantee that the observed choices can be generated via a pro-con random choice model with respect to two given observable orderings. A notable aspect of this characterization is that the associated axioms discipline the choice behavior when choice sets present attraction effect scenarios. This indicates the tight connection between the model and the attraction effect phenomena.
Okul Yöneticisi ve Öğretmenlerin Koronavirüs Salgını İle İlgili Görüşleri, Sürecin Tutum ve Davranışlarına Etkileri ve Uzaktan Eğitim Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: AKYILDIZ Salih , YURTBAKAN Ergün
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışma okul yöneticisi ve öğretmenlerin koronavirüs salgını ile ilgili görüşleri, izolasyon sürecinin tutum ve davranışlarına etkisi ve uzaktan eğitim algılarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tarama yöntemine başvurulan araştırmaya, küme örnekleme yolu ile seçilen toplam 662 öğretmen ve okul yöneticisi dahil edilmiştir. Anket yardımı ile toplanan veriler SPSS ve Excel programı ile analiz edilmiş ve tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; koronavirüs salgını ile ilgili okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin salgının Çin’den yayılan tehlikeli bir virüs görüşünde oldukları, virüsün Allah’ın insanlara bir uyarısı olduğunu düşündükleri, dünyadaki yaşlı nüfusun azaltılması için tasarlanmadığını düşündükleri ve diğer salgınlardan farklı ve çok abartılmadığı görüşünde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin covid-19 salgını ile ilgili haberlerde yetkili olmayanları dinlemedikleri fakat yetkililere de güvenmedikleri, salgın ile ilgili haberleri izleyince kısmen korkup panikledikleri ve tedbirler alarak tevekkül ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. İzolasyon sürecinde okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin kitap okuma, TV izleme, uyuma, çocuklarının derslerine yardımcı olma gibi davranışlar sergiledikleri; kısmen müzik dinledikleri, kendilerini geliştirici çalışmalara zaman ayırdıkları tespit edilmiştir. Okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin Covid-19 salgın sürecinde yapılan uzaktan eğitimin yüz yüze eğitime göre öğrencileri motive etmede, öğrencileri derse aktif katmada, öğretmenlerin derste materyal kullanmalarında, ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetlerinin güvenirliğinde yetersiz olduğu, öğrencilere iyi bir öğrenme fırsatı sağlamadığı ve yüz yüze eğitime alternatif olamayacağı görüşünde oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Patrick Modiano’nun La Place de L’étoile’inde Bir Özkurmaca Roman Okuması
Authors: TİLBE Ali , BUDAK GÜRBÜZ Eylem
Published: October 2021

Patrick Modiano, üretkenliği ve özgün yazı biçimiyle 2014 yılında Nobel Yazın Ödülü ile onurlandırılmış çağdaş Fransız yazınının en önemli benli anlatı yazarlarından birisidir. Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından başlayarak günümüze kadar yazınsal üretimini sürdüren yazar, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Yahudilere uygulanan soykırımın acılarını ve Nazi işgalinin Fransız (Yahudi) halkının üzerindeki etkilerini yapıtlarında temel izlek olarak ele almış, aile, kimlik sorunsalı, bir toplumun üyesi olmak ya da olmamak kaygısı, yitip giden geçmişe olan özlem, aile ve baba imgesi, Yahudi soykırımını odak alan yapıtlara imza atmıştır. Patrick Modiano’nun yapıtlarının büyük bir çoğunluğunun kendi yaşamından esinlendiği görülmektedir. Yaşamının gençlik yılları, babasına karşı olan karmaşık duyguları, savaş yıllarındaki Fransa ve özellikle Paris uzamı, özyaşamöyküsel ve özkurmaca göndermelerle romanlarında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada, Modiano’nun, ‘bellek aracılığıyla geçmişi özkurmaca anlatılarında yeniden canlandırmaktadır’ varsayımından devinimle La place de l’étoile adlı romanını özkurmaca roman kuramı bağlamında yapısal ve izleksel bir yaklaşımla çözümlenmeyi erek ediniyoruz.
New Distributional Record of Twelve Scleractinian Corals From Saint Martin’s Island, Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Kazi Ahsan , Islam Md Jayedul
Published: October 2021

Saint Martin's Island is the only island in Bangladesh where coral communities are found. An expedition on marine biodiversity monitoring of Saint Martin’s Island through underwater visual census method was carried out from December 2017 to March 2018. In this study, a total of 25 scleractinian coral species of 8 families and 14 genera were identified, of which 12 species, Dipsastraea lizardensis, Dipsastraea maritima, Dipsastraea veroni, Favites acuticollis, Favites melicerum, Favites pentagona, Goniastrea stelligera, Goniopora albiconus, Goniopora norfolkensis, Pavona clavus, Plesiastrea versipora, and Psammocora exesa were recorded for the first time in Bangladeshi marine water. These new records exemplify gaps in sampling and recording of coral species in Bangladesh, and suggest the need of extensive research on coral ecosystem in the country. Assessment of different valid reports and publications including the present study revealed that a total of 98 species of hard corals of 18 families and 37 genera have been reported until now in Saint Martin’s Island as well as Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 03-18, 2021
Expanding Dengue Vectors Through the Border of Dhaka City: Vector Breeding Grounds in Gazipur City Corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman GM Saifur , Akter Tahmina
Published: October 2021

With global expansion of vector borne diseases, dengue has emerged as a big health crisis and social problem in recent years in Bangladesh. Despite its endemicity since 2000, very few studies were conducted outside of the Capital Dhaka city regarding vector breeding status. Within this dark situation, the year 2019 reported the ever highest number of dengue cases of 101,354. Of them about 50% were from out of Dhaka. To reduce this burden, keeping the vector population density under threshold level is must. In the present entomological study, 100 houses were checked randomly from five areas of Gazipur City Corporation (GCC) during the month of September in 2019. Both of the Aedes vectors were found in all areas, but Aedes aegypti population was dominant. Rooftop garden and under construction site were identified as the most important vector breeding sites. Highly urbanized area (SA2) produced the highest and suburban area (SA4) produced the lowest Breteau Index (BI) of 110 and 15 respectively. The overall House Index (HI) and Breteau Index (BI) of the study areas were 16 and 49 respectively. Four kinds of containers, namely; cemented tank, drum, big earthen pot (chari) and buckets contained about 80 percent of immature Aedes and identified as key container among the positive containers. The Said study has identified comparatively higher number of Ae. aegypti breeding, which is potential for triggering any major outbreak. Further, large-scale surveillance in all administrative wards with a larger sample may indicate the real picture of vector infestation situation throughout the municipality.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 69-82, 2021
Length-Weight Relationships and Relative Condition Factor of the Mullet, Rhinomugil Corsula (Hamilton, 1822) In the Sitakunda Coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Syeda Ismat , Azadi Mohammad Ali , Nasiruddin Munira , Hossain Aftab
Published: October 2021

This study deals with the length-weight relationship and relative condition factor (Kn) of 2480 specimens of Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822), ranging from 3.5 cm to 29.5 cm total length and 0.40 g to 235.34 g weight, sampled monthly for two years period from March 2016 to February 2018 from the Sitakunda Coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Arithmetic form of equations for length (TL) and weight (W) of fish showed curvilinear relationships in male: W=0.0081TL3.016, female: W= 0.0083TL3.058 and combined sex: W=0.0076TL3.052, while logarithmic scale showed linear relationships in male: LogW=-2.122+3.016LogTL, female: LogW=-2.09+3.058 TL and combined sex: LogW=-2.121+3.052TL. In all the cases the coefficient of correlations between length and weight were positive and highly significant (P<0.01). The regression coefficient ‘b’ values were found to be 3.01±0.11, 3.06±0.12 and 3.05±0.12 for male, female and combined sexes, respectively for two years period together. When ‘t’ test was done, the growth was found to be isometric in case of male and combined sex and positive allometric in case of female. The relative condition factor (Kn) varied from 1.0003-1.009, 1.001-1.008 and 1.001-1.008, respectively, for male, female and combined sex in 2016-17, whereas 1.001-1.007, 1.003-1.006 and 0.992-1.008 respectively in 2017-18. The Kn values were always around ‘1’ or a little bit more than ‘1’ for length groups as well as monthly, indicating the excellent growth and robustness of fish due to favorable environmental condition prevailing in the habitat of the fish, in the Sitakunda coast of the Bay of Bengal.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 91-103, 2021
Assessment of Water Quality of a Transboundary River at Brahmanbaria
Authors: Saha Shova , Habib AHM Shafiullah , Rahman Md Anichur , Saha Mallika
Published: October 2021

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate some physico-chemical parameter of water of the trans-boundary Haora River in Brahmanbaria during October 2018 to September 2019 from three different sites. The study revealed that air temperature at three different sites ranged 13 – 38 °C while the water temperature was 11 – 32 °C. Transparency of water varied from 18 – 55 cm Secchi depth and became more turbid during monsoon. The average values of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) both in sites and seasons were within the standard limits for aquatic organisms. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were found between 77 and 352 mg/L and varied greatly in seasons. Electric conductivity (EC) was ranged 135 to 650 μS/cm. On the other hand, maximum and minimum hardness of water were recorded as 322 mg/L and 118 mg/L respectively and become lowest in monsoon. The rainy season bear high torrential water which brought huge amount of different types of garbage through the water flow from the Indian part. Most of the garbage are of floating and submerged type as plastic containers, bottles, polybags, cans, etc along with natural debris. During the study period highest (172 kg) and lowest (113 kg) plastic garbage were collected in May and July respectively. This foreign garbage may impair the normal healthiness of the river ecology.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 137-146, 2021
Teledentistry: Limitation and Challenges
Authors: Shuborna Nadia Sultana , Islam Sultana Sadia , Jahan Shah Saif , Apu Ehsanul Hoque , Noor Osama Bin , Hossain Chowdhury Mohammad Tawfique Hossain Chowdhury
Published: October 2021

Dentistry is the top listed most risky jobs in this pandemic Covid 19 situation, as dentist contain close face-to-face contact with the patients which increase the potential transmission of the (SARS)-CoV-2 virus from human to human through direct contact via oro-pharyngeal droplets and indirect contacts with fomites where dental professionals are highly vulnerable to get infected from the coronavirus. Thus, dental practice has mostly been suspended during this period. Teledentistry introduces a novel solution to resume dental practice by providing dental treatment, guidance, and education through teleconsultation, telediagnosis and telemonitoring through Information Technology (IT) instead of direct contact with patients. But there are some major challenges like lack of government initiatives, compensation strategy, legal issues, technical base, co-ordination among doctors, along with patients’ co-operation and limitations in telediagnosis. This technical note highlighted these limitations and challenges to make a concern to the dentist as at least teledentistry can accompaniment the existing threaten dental system during this living pandemic.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 1-3
Sectional matrix system in reconstruction of proximal contact in class ii resin restoration
Authors: Nahar Norun , Bashar AKM , Gafur Md Abdul , Jeorge Didarul Haque
Published: October 2021

Background: Clinicians always faces some challenges to reconstruct proper proximal contact while restoring class-II cavity with composite resin due to its viscosity, elastic property and polymerization shrinkage. It has been claimed that use of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring will produce more reliable result for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in class II composite resin restoration.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in class II resin composite restoration.
Methodology:  One Nissin manikin model having the facility of placing and screwing all upper and lower sets of artificial human teeth and sixty-two (62) artificial human mandibular permanent 1st molar teeth were collected. These 62 artificial human mandibular permanent 1st molars were randomly assigned in two groups (A & B) having 31 teeth in each. Standardized class II MO (mesio-occlusal) cavity were prepared on total 31 artificial 1st molar in group A. The 2nd premolar in the manikin model was replaced by metal cast duplicate and permanently fixed into the socket. All the Thirty-one (31) 1st molar teeth in group A, having Prepared class II cavity in each, were replaced one by another in the manikin distal to cast duplicated 2nd premolar and restored with composite resin by using sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring and another 31 uninstrumented intact artificial 1st molars were include in group B as a reference group. After completion of restoration, newly developed proximal contact points were measured by using universal testing machine one after another. Same were also done in intact reference Group B. Measurement was done to assess the position of contact point, contact tightness and contact area of Group A and Group B on the same typodont. The results were analyzed statistically with post hoc Bonferroni test (P<0.05).
Result: Teeth restored with sectional pre-contoured matrix with separation ring (group A) provided the tighter contact and broadened area of contact where all the contact points were placed  more occlusally compared to that of the intact un-instrumented reference teeth (group B).Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were produced in all the three parameters with each other.
Conclusion: Teeth restored with sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring failed to reconstruct the optimal proximal contact in class-II composite resin restoration in comparison to intact uninstrumented reference tooth.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 16-19
Finansal Hizmetler Güven Endeksi ile BİST Şehir Endeksleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Tespitine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ALPTÜRK Yaşar , TUNÇEL Mert Baran , ÇETENAK Emin Hüseyin , BEKCİ İsmail
Published: October 2021

Finansal hizmetler güven endeksi finans piyasaları hakkında bilgi verecek önemli bir değişken olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Karar vericilerin finansal hizmetlere olan güvenlerinin artması yatırımları arttırabileceği gibi güvenlerinde meydana gelecek azalmalar ise piyasalarda muhtemel bir durgunluğa yol açabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı finansal hizmetler güven endeksinin (FHGE) BİST şehir endeksleri (XSADA, XSANK, XSANT, XSBAL, XSBUR, XSDNZ, XSIST, XSIZM, XSKAY, XSKOC, XSKON, XSTKR) üzerine etkilerini tespit etmektir. Araştırmada finansal hizmetler güven endeksinin, BİST şehir endeksleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş ve sonuçlar zaman serisi analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak ortaya konmuştur. Değişkenler arasında ilk olarak yapısal kırılmaları da dikkate alan Lee Strazicich (LS) birim kök testleri uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra değişkenler arasında Toda-Yamamoto testi ile herhangi bir nedenselliğin olup olmadığı, nedensellik bulunmuşsa ilişkilerin yönünün ne olduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre finansal hizmetler güven endeksinden, XSADA, XSANK, XSANT, XSBAL, XSDEN, XSIST, XSIZM, XSKAY, XSKOC endekslerine doğru bir nedenselliğe rastlanamazken, finansal hizmetler güven endeksinden XSBUR endeksine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmıştır. Ayrıca finansal hizmetler güven endeksi ile XSKON ve XSDEN endeksleri arasında ise karşılıklı bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilirken, XSADA, XSANK, XSANT, XSBAL, XSDEN, XSIST, XSIZM, XSKAY, XSKOC endekslerinden finansal hizmetler güven endeksine doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir.