bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrier screening for spinal muscular atrophy in 22913 Chinese reproductive age women
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Mo Junluan , Zhou Lu , Xu Xiaoxin , Xu Zhiyong , Zhang Lei , Wu Weiqing
Published: January 2024

Background

To determine the carrier frequency of, and evaluate a carrier screening program for, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in reproductive age women in Shenzhen area.

Methods

A staged screening procedure was used to perform carrier screening for SMA in 22,913 Chinese reproductive age women between 2019 and 2022 in Shenzhen area of China. First, the copy number of exon 7 in the SMN1 gene were detected in women of reproductive age using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. If SMA carriers were detected, their spouses were then recommended to test. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out in couples who were both carriers.

Results

A total of 389 women were found to be SMA carriers (1.70%, 95% CI: 1.53%–1.87%), indicating the carrier prevalence was approximately 1:59. Despite the proportion of nonpregnant women increased from 37.96% in 2019 to 58.18% in 2022 (p < 0.05) among the 22,913 reproductive age women, the recall rate of spouses was still not high (62.21%, 95% CI: 57.39%–67.03%). Eight partners were found to be SMA carriers and two fetuses were determined to have SMA with no copies of the SMN1 gene.

Conclusion

Although the acceptability and awareness of SMA carrier screening in Chinese population has increased in recent years, it still fails to reach the ideal expectation. Our experience may provide a basis for and facilitate the popularization of SMA carrier screening in Shenzhen area.
Mollification of Fourier spectral methods with polynomial kernels
Authors: Puthukkudi Megha , Godavarma Raja Chandhini
Published: January 2024

Many attempts have been made in the past to regain the spectral accuracy of the spectral methods, which is lost drastically due to the presence of discontinuity. In this article, an attempt has been made to show that mollification using Legendre and Chebyshev polynomial based kernels improves the convergence rate of the Fourier spectral method. Numerical illustrations are provided with examples involving one or more discontinuities and compared with the existing Dirichlet kernel mollifier. Dependence of the efficiency of the polynomial mollifiers on the parameter
is analogous to that in the Dirichlet mollifier, which is detailed by analyzing the numerical solution. Further, they are extended to linear scalar conservation law problems.
Urine and Dried Blood Spots From Children and Pregnant Women Reveal Phytochemicals, Amino Acids, and Carnitine Metabolites as Cowpea Consumption Biomarkers
Authors: Tipton Madison , Baxter Bridget A. , Pfluger Brigitte A. , Sayre‐Chavez Brooke , Muñoz‐Amatriaín María , Broeckling Corey D. , Shani Issah , Steiner‐Asiedu Matilda , Manary Mark , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: January 2024

Scope

Legumes consumption has been proven to promote health across the lifespan; cowpeas have demonstrated efficacy in combating childhood malnutrition and growth faltering, with an estimated malnutrition prevalence of 35.6% of children in Ghana. This cowpea feeding study aimed to identify a suite of metabolic consumption biomarkers in children and adults.

Methods and Results

Urine and dried blood spots (DBS) from 24 children (9‐21 months) and 21 pregnant women (>18 years) in Northern Ghana are collected before and after dose‐escalated consumption of four cowpea varieties for 15 days. Untargeted metabolomics identified significant increases in amino acids, phytochemicals, and lipids. The carnitine metabolism pathway is represented by 137 urine and 43 DBS metabolites, with significant changes to tiglylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. Additional noteworthy candidate biomarkers are mansouramycin C, N‐acetylalliin, proline betaine, N2, N5‐diacetylornithine, S‐methylcysteine, S‐methylcysteine sulfoxide, and cis‐urocanate. S‐methylcysteine and S‐methylcysteine sulfoxide are targeted and quantified in urine.

Conclusion

This feeding study for cowpea biomarkers supports the utility of a suite of key metabolites classified as amino acids, lipids, and phytochemicals for dietary legume and cowpea‐specific food exposures of global health importance.
An improved error cancellation method for high speed FMCW radar based on FPGA platform
Authors: Han Shuhuan , Yang Yanxi , Zhang Xinyu , Li Xinjie
Published: January 2024

Target detection of frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar has the problems of high noise and low detection accuracy. The reason is due to the influence of internal hardware and external environment. In response to this issue, this article uses the field programmable gate array platform to perform frequency modulation on the radar module, time‐frequency conversion, autoregression moving average model, inverse proportion function compensation, and frequency domain selection processing on the intermediate frequency in‐phase signals collected by the oscilloscope. The algorithm proposed in this article could effectively reduce noise and system errors. Compared with traditional methods before filtering and variational mode decomposition Hilbert–Huang Transform algorithm, the effective target detection rate of this method is improved by 50%.
Circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis for microwave energy harvesting
Authors: Hui Weihua , Guo Yao , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a circularly polarized metasurface antenna for microwave energy harvesting (MEH) is proposed. First, a 4 × 4 metasurface is analyzed and integrated with the microstrip slot based on characteristic mode analysis for broadband, low profile, and high gain metasurface antenna. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the metasurface antenna is 1.82 GHz, the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 0.96 GHz. Subsequently, a wideband rectifier for C‐band is fabricated and measured according complex impedance compression theory. The frequency of efficiency >50% is from 5.1 to 6.3 GHz with 17 dBm input power. Finally, the novel antenna and rectifier are connected as rectenna for MEH, which shows great potential due to the tunability of the polarization mode (right‐handed CP [RHCP]/left‐handed CP [LHCP]) and the flexibility of the structure.
Deeper: A shared liquidity decentralized exchange design for low trading volume tokens to enhance average liquidity
Authors: Singh Srisht Fateh , Michalopoulos Panagiotis , Veneris Andreas
Published: January 2024

This paper presents Deeper, a design for a decentralized exchange that enhances liquidity via reserve sharing. By doing this, it addresses the problem of shallow liquidity in low trading volume token pairs. Shallow liquidity impairs the functioning of on‐chain markets by creating room for unwanted phenomena such as high slippage and sandwich attacks. Deeper solves this by allowing liquidity providers of multiple trading pairs against a common token to share liquidity. This is achieved by creating a common reserve pool for the shared token that is accessible by each trading pair. Independent from the shared liquidity, providers are free to add liquidity to individual token pairs without any restriction. The trading between one token pair does not affect the price of other token pairs even though the reserve of the shared token changes. The proposed design is an extension of concentrated liquidity automated market maker DEXs that is simple enough to be implemented on smart contracts. This is demonstrated by providing a template for a hook‐based smart contract that adds our custom functionality to Uniswap V4. Experiments on historical prices show that for a batch consisting of eight trading pairs, Deeper enhances liquidity by over 2.6–
. The enhancement in liquidity can be increased further by increasing the participating tokens in the shared pool. While providing shared liquidity, liquidity providers should be cautious of certain risks and pitfalls, which are described. Overall, Deeper enables the creation of fair markets for low trading volume token pairs.
The effect of metacognition and self‐directed learning readiness on learning performance of nursing students in online practice classes during the COVID‐19 pandemic period
Authors: Kim Sanghee
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study was a descriptive correlation investigation to determine the effects of metacognition and self‐directed learning readiness on learning performance of nursing students in online practice classes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design and Methods

In this descriptive cross‐sectional study, 135 subjects were randomly selected from junior students of one university in South Korea.

Results

In this study, metacognitive knowledge in nursing students showed a positive relationship with subjective learning performance (r = 0.34, p = 0.002) and objective learning performance (r = 0.38, p = 0.016). Metacognitive control in nursing students also showed a positive relationship with subjective learning performance (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and objective learning performance (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Self‐directed learning readiness in nursing students showed a positive relationship with subjective learning performance (r = 0.38, p = 0.011) and objective learning performance (r = 0.40, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

For effective online practical education, nursing students' internal characteristics of metacognition and self‐directed learning should be identified in advance, and schools should strive to help nursing students' learning performance by developing and applying education systems or contents.
More companies report eliminating bachelor's degree requirements for jobs
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2024

Nearly half of companies plan to eliminate a minimum bachelor's degree requirement for some positions in 2024, according to a report issued by Intelligent.com. The report recorded the results of a survey completed by 800 companies based in the United States, which found that 45% of companies surveyed reported that they intended to eliminate the requirement of a bachelor's degree for some positions in their organization.
Optimal control and zero‐sum game subject to differential equations with Liu processes and random matrices
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhu Yuanguo
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a differential equation including both random matrices and a Liu process. Then we demonstrate that the solution to this equation exists and is unique. Under the framework of chance theory, problems of optimal control and two‐person zero‐sum game subject to differential equations are considered. An equation of optimality is provided for solving a problem of optimal control. Then equilibrium equations are proposed to identify the saddle‐point of a two‐person zero‐sum game problem. As an extension, we generalize the obtained results to the problems subject to differential equations including both random matrices and multiple Liu processes. Finally, we utilize the acquired theoretical results to analyze a portfolio selection game problem.
The quality and content analysis of YouTube videos about chemotherapy for children
Authors: Semerci Remziye , Şimşek Enes , Savaş Eyşan , Orhan Eda , Erbey Fatih
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study undertook a systematic examination of YouTube videos about chemotherapy for pediatric patients, with a primary focus on assessing the videos' quality, content, and reliability.

Method

The research was conducted by searching YouTube using the keywords “chemotherapy for children” and “chemotherapy for pediatric,” employing filters for “worldwide” and “all categories.” The top 100 videos, based on popularity, were selected for evaluation according to the power analysis calculation. Two independent experts in pediatric oncology reviewed these videos. Video characteristics were recorded: length, view count, likes, dislikes, view ratio, and video‐like ratio. The Video Power Index was calculated to measure video popularity. The modified DISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) assessed the videos for quality and reliability.

Results

The 100 videos were analyzed. Official health institutions uploaded 54%, while independent users contributed 46%. Independent user uploads garnered significantly more views than official health institutions (p = .006). The number of likes, view ratio, and Video Power Index of independent users’ videos were significantly higher than official health institutions’ videos (respectively, p = .007, .007, and .008). On the other hand, the modified DISCERN score and GQS were significantly higher in YouTube videos of official health institutions than in independent users (p < .001). A strong correlation was observed between the modified DISCERN score and GQS (r = .879, p < .001).

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the YouTube videos on pediatric chemotherapy, emphasizing the need to improve the quality and reliability of online health information for this vulnerable population.
High‐velocity impact resistance of the carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structures
Authors: Wei Shiyi , Guo Zhangxin , Niu Weijing , Chai Gin Boay , Tai Zhe , Li Yongcun
Published: January 2024

The carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structure represents an innovative category of lightweight composite sandwich structures, showcasing remarkable attributes including reduced weight, high‐specific strength, exceptional specific stiffness, and robust design flexibility. Using ABAQUS, the high‐velocity impact performance of carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structure is numerically simulated. This study delved into examining the impact patterns arising from various factors, including the equivalent density, height, and geometric configuration of the core layer. Additionally, the effects of the impact punch's initial velocity, size, and impact position on the high‐speed impact resistance performance of the carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structure were explored. The fracture absorption work of the structure and the kinetic energy attenuation rate of the impact punch are positively correlated with the equivalent density, height of the structural core layer, as well as the initial velocity and dimensions of the impact punch. Notably, the square carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structure was most significantly influenced by the equivalent density of the core layer, while the mixed carbon fiber composite grid sandwich structure was most sensitive to variations in core layer height and punch size. When impacted at the intersection of the ribs, compared with the central position between the two ribs, the structure shows enhanced fracture absorption energy and greater impact kinetic energy attenuation rate.

Highlights

The structure was modeled based on the interlocking assembly process.

The high‐velocity impact resistance of the structure was studied.

Different structural parameters were designed for the core layer to study.

The initial velocity, size and impact position of the punch were involved.
Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride with novel facile synthesized functionalized boron nitride quantum dots for neural applications
Authors: Ekram Basma , Trueman Ryan P. , Phillips James B. , Ros Helena , Abd El‐Hady Bothaina M. , El‐Gendy Dalia M.
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to develop a potential biomaterial for neuroregeneration by the electrospinning of the biocompatible polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with innovative functionalized boron nitride quantum dots (F‐BNQDs) synthesized via green chemistry using the amino acid taurine as a functionalization. The F‐BNQDs were characterized and were found to be 16–21 nm in diameter, showed good photoluminescent characteristics, and their elemental composition was confirmed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The PVDF with F‐BNQDs was prepared at three different concentrations, and the resulting electrospun fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle, biodegradation, water uptake, Schwann cell cytotoxicity, and cell behavior studies. The results of the study showed that the addition of F‐BNQDs to PVDF resulted in enhanced mechanical properties, decreased contact angle, increased degradability, and water uptake. The lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed that 5% BN‐PVDF had the lowest cytotoxicity. Fluroscent 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed that the increase in F‐BNQD concentration up to 5% BN‐PVDF enhanced cell behavior on the electrospun fibers. Therefore, the study concluded that 5% BN‐PVDF would be suitable for further testing as a potential biomaterial for neuroregeneration in vivo.

Highlights

Functionalized boron nitride quantum dots (F‐BNQDs) were prepared using amino acid taurine.

The F‐BNQDs were characterized and electrospun with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

The incorporation of F‐BNQDs to PVDF has enhanced its physicochemical properties.

All samples showed a single βphase PVDF.

Schwann cells showed excellent compatibility and cell adhesion on F‐BNQDs/PVDF.
Ethnic–racial socialization experiences of Mexican American youth
Authors: Bingham Katherine J. , Cutrer‐Párraga Elizabeth A. , Smith Timothy B.
Published: January 2024

Research has shown that ethnic–racial socialization (ERS) predicts education and mental health outcomes for adolescents. However, limited research has evaluated the ERS experiences of Latinx students. The current study examined ERS experiences of Mexican American youth in four focus group interviews that were transcribed and analyzed at both the individual and group level using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Main themes included feeling like an outsider, navigating discrimination, encountering social/emotional difficulties, and achieving a positive identity. Each theme contained two to three subcategories that provide further insight into the Mexican Americans' ERS experiences. Participants reported within‐group discrimination, motivation to disprove stereotypes, and infrequent understanding or compassion from adults. Teachers, administrators, counselors, and school psychologists can attend to and seek to promote social connections, implement social‐emotional learning interventions, foster resilience, work to dismantle racism, collaborate with parents, and create communities of inclusion.
Fluorographene and carbon nanotubes fillers reinforced nitrile butadiene rubber with enhanced mechanical, wear and oil resistant properties
Authors: Pang Bo , Luo Entao , Du Meiqing , Kong Lingmin , Zhao Lijuan , Wu Jinrong
Published: January 2024

In this work, we prepared nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with fluorographene (FG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as hybrid fillers by a solution‐blending method. The resulting composites xFG/yCNTs‐NBR, where x and y represent the loading of FG and CNTs respectively, show significantly improved physical and mechanical properties. The hybrid fillers can form a filler network in the rubber matrix, leading to efficient energy dissipation. As a result, when the mass ratio of FG to CNTs is 1:1 and the total filler loading is 20 phr, the tensile strength of 10FG/10CNTs‐NBR is as high as 12.1 MPa. Furthermore, due to inherent lubricating and oil‐repelling effects of FG, 10FG/10CNTs‐NBR shows an abrasion resistance index (ARI) of 187% and a volume change of 2.38% after 72 h of soaking in aviation oil, which are 24% higher and 48% lower than the corresponding values of unfilled NBR composites, respectively. These results indicate that the hybrid fillers can effectively enhance the mechanical, wear and oil resistant properties of the elastomer composites, which is conductive for application of the NBR‐based composites.
Statins: 30 years after the landmark 4S study
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: January 2024

The initial excitement inspired by the landmark clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease was soon dampened by reports of adverse events. Tolerability has remained a controversial topic ever since. However, recent studies suggest that most reported adverse effects of statins can be attributed to the nocebo effect.
Society for Academic Primary Care Annual Scientific Meeting
Authors: Titmarsh Steve
Published: January 2024

What do GP specialists add to epilepsy care? How can polypharmacy be optimised? And how do clinicians feel about stopping antidepressants? These were just a small sample of questions that research presented at the 51st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Academic Primary Care, held in Brighton in July 2023, tried to address.
Medicinal herbs consumption in relation to cardiometabolic indices and coronary artery stenosis in participants undergoing coronary angiography: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Arabi Vahid , Sasanfar Bahareh , Sareban Hassanabadi Mohammad Taghi , Seyedhosseini Seyed Mostafa , Jambarsang Sara , Motallaei Maryam , Taftian Marzieh , Darand Mina , Mirjalili Fatemeh Sadat , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin
Published: January 2024

Few studies have investigated the association between herbal medicine consumption and coronary artery disease severity. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of medicinal herbs consumption and coronary artery stenosis (CAS), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and blood pressure level in participants undergoing coronary angiography. This study was conducted on 662 participants aged 35–75 years. Serum cardiometabolic markers were measured using standard kits. The extent and severity of CAS were evaluated using the Gensini score (GS) and syntax score (SS). Higher consumption of Thymus vulgaris and Sumac was associated with decreased odds of artery‐clogging according to the GS. A higher intake of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha was associated with lower levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Monthly intake of Thymus vulgaris, and weekly/daily intake of Mentha, Nigella Sativa, and Cuminum Cyminum were associated with lower low‐density lipoprotein. Weekly/daily intake of Turmeric and Thymus vulgaris were associated with lower high‐density lipoprotein levels and monthly intake of Mentha was related to lower serum FBS levels. Higher consumption of Mentha, Mentha pulegium L, Lavandula angustifolia, and Nigella Sativa was associated with lower levels of systolic blood pressure. According to the results of the present study, herbs consumption might be related to a reduction in CAS risk factors.
microRNAs associated with the quality of follicular fluids affect oocyte and early embryonic development
Authors: Aoki Sogo , Inoue Yuki , Hara Shunsuke , Itou Jun , Shirasuna Koumei , Iwata Hisataka
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Oocyte and embryo quality differs significantly among individuals. Follicular fluid (FF) is a solo environment of oocyte maturation and may flux into the oviduct. Supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) medium with extracellular vesicles of FFs supports oocyte maturation and embryonic development. We addressed a hypothesis that miRNA profiles in FFs are crucial background of oocyte maturation and embryonic development.

Methods

FFs were collected from the ovaries of individual cows, and the FFs were classified into Good or Poor FF based on the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of enclosed oocytes. miRNAs associated with the Good FFs were explored using small RNA sequencing. In addition, FFs were classified using the concentration of Good‐FF‐associated miRNAs. These classified FFs or miRNA were added to the IVM or IVC mediums.

Results

Supplementation of IVM and IVC medium with Good FF improved embryonic development. Good FFs contained miR‐151‐3p and miR‐425‐5p at a high concentration compared with those in Poor FFs. FFs selected by the concentration of miR‐151‐3p and miR‐425‐5p improved oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Supplementation of IVM or IVC medium with either miR‐151‐3p or miR‐425‐5p improved embryonic development to the blastocyst stage.

Conclusion

miRNAs were associated with the Good FFs determined oocyte maturation and embryonic development.
Integrating role of green buildings in achieving carbon neutrality in an era of climate emergency
Authors: Batool Komal , Ali Ghaffar , Ullah Khan Kaleem , Asif Kamran Muhammad , Yan Ningyu
Published: January 2024

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recently stated that a swift ecological transition in transport, energy, and construction is required to reach the global emission reduction target. Around 40% of global emissions come from residential and commercial buildings. Therefore, this study developed a green building adoption model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, which encourages firms to implement these novel green building technologies. For this, a survey of 333 respondents from Pakistani construction firms was conducted, and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling approach was applied to validate the study's hypotheses. The findings showed that green building adoption provided invaluable insight by showing the strong associations between green building environmental concern, green building performance expectancy, green building effort expectancy, green building social influence, and green building innovation cost with green building behavioral intentions. Likewise, the findings also showed that green building behavioral intentions play a significant mediating role between the adoption of green buildings and its factors. The findings from this study suggest that intentions to engage in green building activities have a strong direct and mediating effect on green building adoption. Furthermore, the moderating effect of firm size demonstrated the significant differences between small, medium, and large firms size. Based on the study’ findings, the green building adoption model provided novel insights for governments and concerned stakeholders, including construction firms, to adopt green buildings for carbon neutrality in this era of climate emergency.
Hyaluronic Acid – Coated Niosomes for Curcumin Targeted Delivery into Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Al Zubaidi Zahraa M. , Nsairat Hamdi , Shalan Naeem M. , Al‐Asfoor Leena , Alqudah Dana A. , Mrahleh Mairvat , Alshaer. Walhan
Published: January 2024

This study described a hyaluronic acid (HA) coated niosomes (Nio) encapsulated curcumin (CRM) (CRM‐HA‐Nio) to improve therapeutic properties via targeted delivery. CRM‐HA‐Nio was prepared by thin film hydration method and characterized via dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Release assay was performed utilizing dialysis method. Antioxidant, Cell viability, and cellular uptake assays were performed to evaluate the biological activity. CRM‐HA‐Nio has 142.93±39.71 nm size with −20.67±1.10 charge and showed good stability with 93±4.35 % encapsulation efficiency and displayed pH‐independent release pattern. CRM‐HA‐Nio displayed a 2‐fold antioxidant improvement compared to free CRM. CRM‐HA‐Nio showed much better cytotoxic activity on MCF‐7 cell line with IC50of 1.851±0.45 μM compared to free CRM of IC50equal to 5.230±0.85 μM, by approximately 3‐fold enhancement. CRM‐HA‐Nio may be a promising targeted nanocarrier to elucidate targeted bioactivity against cancer when oxidative stress is a major side effect.
Tumor‐Targeting Multiple Metabolic Regulations for Bursting Antitumor Efficacy of Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Gao Fan , Dong Jian‐Hui , Xue Chun , Lu Xin‐Xin , Cai Yu , Tang Zi‐Yang , Ou Chang‐Jin
Published: January 2024

Interfering with intratumoral metabolic processes is proven to effectively sensitize different antitumor treatments. Here, a tumor‐targeting catalytic nanoplatform (CQ@MIL‐GOX@PB) loading with autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ) and glucose oxidase (GOX) is fabricated to interfere with the metabolisms of tumor cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), then realizing effective antitumor chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Once accumulating in the tumor site with the navigation of external biotin, CQ@MIL‐GOX@PB will release Fe ions and CQ in the acid lysosomes of tumor cells, the latter can sensitize Fe ions‐involved antitumor CDT by blocking the autophagy‐dependent cell repair. Meanwhile, the GOX component will consume glucose, which not only generates many H2O2 for CDT but also once again decelerates the tumor repair process by reducing energy metabolism. What is more, the release of CQ can also drive the NO anabolism of TAMs to further sensitize CDT. This strategy of multiple metabolic regulations is evidenced to significantly improve the antitumor effect of traditional CDT nanoagents and might provide a new sight to overcome the bottlenecks of different antitumor treatments.
Hollow CoFe Nanozymes Integrated with Oncolytic Peptides Designed via Machine‐Learning for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Feiyu , Xu Bocheng , Lu Zijie , Chen Jiafei , Fu Yike , Huang Jie , Wang Yizhen , Li Xiang
Published: January 2024

Developing novel substances to synergize with nanozymes is a challenging yet indispensable task to enable the nanozyme‐based therapeutics to tackle individual variations in tumor physicochemical properties. The advancement of machine learning (ML) has provided a useful tool to enhance the accuracy and efficiency in developing synergistic substances. In this study, ML models to mine low‐cytotoxicity oncolytic peptides are applied. The filtering Pipeline is constructed using a traversal design and the Autogluon framework. Through the Pipeline, 37 novel peptides with high oncolytic activity against cancer cells and low cytotoxicity to normal cells are identified from a library of 25,740 sequences. Combining dataset testing with cytotoxicity experiments, an 80% accuracy rate is achieved, verifying the reliability of ML predictions. Peptide C2 is proven to possess membranolytic functions specifically for tumor cells as targeted by Pipeline. Then Peptide C2 with CoFe hollow hydroxide nanozyme (H‐CF) to form the peptide/H‐CF composite is integrated. The new composite exhibited acid‐triggered membranolytic function and potent peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity, which induce ferroptosis to tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth. The study suggests that this novel ML‐assisted design approach can offer an accurate and efficient paradigm for developing both oncolytic peptides and synergistic peptides for catalytic materials.
Industrial Waste Derived Separators for Zn‐Ion Batteries Achieve Homogeneous Zn(002) Deposition Through Low Chemical Affinity Effects
Authors: Yang Chengwu , Woottapanit Pattaraporn , Yue Yilei , Geng Sining , Cao Jin , Zhang Xinyu , He Guanjie , Qin Jiaqian
Published: January 2024

Designing a cost‐effective and multifunctional separator that ensures dendrite‐free and stable Zn metal anode remains a significant challenge. Herein, a multifunctional cellulose‐based separator is presented consisting of industrial waste‐fly ash particles and cellulose nanofiber using a facile solution‐coating method. The resulting fly ash‐cellulose (FACNF) separators enable a high ion conductivity (5.76 mS cm−1) and low desolvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn2+. These features facilitate fast ion transfer kinetics and inhibit water‐induced side reactions. Furthermore, experimental results and theoretical simulations confirm that the presence of fly ash particles in FACNF separators effectively accommodate the preferential deposition of Zn(002) planes, due to the weak chemical affinity between Zn(002) plane and fly ash, to mitigate dendrite formation and growth. Consequently, the utilization of FACNF separators causes an impressive cycling performance in both Zn||Zn symmetric cells (1600 h at 2 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2) and Zn||(NH4)2V10O25 (NVO) full cells (4000 cycles with the capacity retention of 92.1% at 5 A g−1). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cells can steadily support digital thermometer over two months without generating gas and volume expansion. This work provides new insights for achieving crystallographic uniformity in Zn anodes and realizing cost‐effective and long‐lasting aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs).
Cobalt Nitride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Modified Separator of Li–S Battery Achieving the Synergistic Effect of Restriction‐Adsorption‐Catalysis of Polysulfides
Authors: Jia Henan , Fan Jiahang , Su Pei , Guo Taotao , Liu Mao‐Cheng
Published: January 2024

Although lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have broad market prospects due to their high theoretical energy density and potential cost‐effectiveness, the practical applications still face serious shuttle effects of polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow redox reactions. Therefore, in this paper, cobalt nitride nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (CoN@NCNT) are prepared as a functional layer for the separator of high‐performance Li–S batteries. Carbon nanotubes with large specific surface areas not only promote the transport of ions and electrons but also weaken the migration of LiPSs and confine the dissolution of LiPSs in electrolytes. The lithiophilic heteroatom N adsorbs LiPSs by strong chemical adsorption, and the CoN particles with high catalytic activity greatly improve the kinetics of the conversion between LiPSs and Li2S2/Li2S during the charge–discharge process. Due to these advantages, the battery with CoN@NCNT modified separator has superior rate performance (initial discharge capacity of 834.7 mAh g−1 after activation at 1 C) and excellent cycle performance (capacity remains 729.7 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C). This work proposes a strategy that can give the separator a strong ability to confinement‐adsorption‐catalysis of LiPSs in order to provide more possibilities for the development of Li–S batteries.
Exceptional Optical Anisotropy Enhancement Achieved Through Dual‐Ions Cosubstitution Strategy in Novel Hybrid Bismuth Halides
Authors: Bai Zhiyong , Ok Kang Min
Published: January 2024

Guided by a superb dual‐ions cosubstitution strategy, two novel, highly optically anisotropic hybrid bismuth halides are designed and synthesized. The first compound, Gu3Bi2NO3Cl8 (Gu = C(NH2)3), is developed using the 2D perovskite halide Cs3Bi2Cl9 as the maternal structure. This involved substituting all Cs+ cations with organic Gu+ and replacing some Cl− anions with [NO3]−. Further substitution of Cl− with additional [NO3]− resulted in the formation of nitrate‐rich Gu2Bi(NO3)3Cl2 crystal, exhibiting a 3.4‐fold increase in [NO3]− per unit volume. Both compounds have a structurally 0D nature, comprising bismuth‐centered polyhedra formed by coordinated chlorides and monodentate/bidentate nitrate moieties, with Gu+ serving as a separator and linker. Notably, the presence of superb optically anisotropic dual‐ions, i.e., planar Gu+ and [NO3]−, enables these crystals to possess sharply enhanced optical anisotropy, with birefringence values more than 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the initial crystal Cs3Bi2Cl9 (0.162/0.186vs 0.011 at 546 nm). The discovery and characterization of Gu3Bi2NO3Cl8 and Gu2Bi(NO3)3Cl2 crystals provide new insights into achieving expected modifications in optical properties through the utilization of a dual‐ions cosubstitution strategy.
Modeling and probabilistic evaluation of repair strategies in the initiation phase of chloride‐induced corrosion of the reinforcement of concrete structures
Authors: Van Den Hende Karel , Helderweirt Stef , Botte Wouter , Matthys Stijn , Lombaert Geert , Caspeele Robby
Published: January 2024

Chloride ingress is a common issue in concrete structures that can result in reinforcement corrosion. In order to extend the lifetime of a structure, several preventive repair methodologies are available, which reduce the ingress of chlorides. In this work, the computational efficiency of the analytical model for a two‐material diffusion problem has been improved to model the effect of a mortar overlay or partial cover replacement, and is further implemented to model the influence of a coating. This enables the assessment of each repair method in a probabilistic framework using Latin hypercube samples within an acceptable timeframe. A parameter study executed in both a deterministic and probabilistic framework demonstrated the model efficiency and the importance of the timing and quality of the intervention for successful repair when applying a repair intervention in the initiation phase.
Female long‐term sperm storage results in viable offspring in the Himalayan Mountain Pitviper, Ovophis monticola
Authors: Levine Brenna A. , Moresco Anneke , Trout Tim , Schuett Gordon W. , Booth Warren
Published: January 2024

The ability of females to store sperm for extended periods in their reproductive tracts (termed long‐term sperm storage, LTSS) has been reported across a diversity of vertebrate taxa. The evolutionary, ecological, and physiological significance of LTSS is wide‐ranging and includes the ability to produce offspring when mates may be temporally scarce by way of decoupling copulation from ovulation, inbreeding avoidance, and the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity in progeny. Among vertebrate lineages, nonavian reptiles exhibit a remarkable capacity for LTSS, with the production of viable offspring reported after periods exceeding 6 years since prior contact with a potential mate. Given that female reptiles are able to store viable sperm for prolonged periods, it is important to disentangle LTSS from that of facultative parthenogenesis (FP), a reproductive trait which appears widespread among all reptile lineages. The implications of this distinction are particularly important in the context of the development and management of captive breeding programs. To accurately determine between the two reproductive strategies, genomic screening is highly recommended. Following a period of isolation for 13 months from a potential male mate, a female Himalayan Mountain Pitviper (Ovophis monticola) produced a clutch of three male offspring. Here, through genome‐scale analyses of the female and her progeny, we document the first record of LTSS in this genus and exclude FP as the alternative hypothesis.
New lower bounds on scattering amplitudes: non-locality constraints
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Tokuda Junsei , Yamaguchi Masahide
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Under reasonable working assumptions including the polynomial boundedness, one proves the well-known Cerulus-Martin lower bound on how fast an elastic scattering amplitude can decrease in the hard-scattering regime. In this paper we consider two non-trivial extensions of the previous bound. (i) We generalize the assumption of polynomial boundedness by allowing amplitudes to exponentially grow for some complex momenta and prove a more general lower bound in the hard-scattering regime. (ii) We prove a new lower bound on elastic scattering amplitudes in the Regge regime, in both cases of polynomial and exponential boundedness. A bound on the Regge trajectory for negative momentum transfer squared is also derived. We discuss the relevance of our results for understanding gravitational scattering at the non-perturbative level and for constraining ultraviolet completions. In particular, we use the new bounds as probes of non-locality in black-hole formation, perturbative string theory, classicalization, Galileons, and infinite-derivative field theories, where both the polynomial boundedness and the Cerulus-Martin bound are violated.
Exotic spin-dependent interactions through unparticle exchange
Authors: Wu L. Y. , Zhang K. Y. , Yan H.
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The potential discovery of unparticles could have far-reaching implications for particle physics and cosmology. For over a decade, high-energy physicists have extensively studied the effects of unparticles. In this study, we derive six types of nonrelativistic potentials between fermions induced by unparticle exchange in coordinate space. We consider all possible combinations of scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector, and axial-vector couplings to explore the full range of possibilities. Previous studies have only examined scalar-scalar (SS), pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar (PP), vector-vector (VV), and axial-axial-vector (AA) type interactions, which are all parity even. We propose SP and VA interactions to extend our understanding of unparticle physics, noting that parity conservation is not always guaranteed in modern physics. We explore the possibilities of detecting unparticles through the long-range interactions they may mediate with ordinary matter. Dedicated experiments using precision measurement methods can be employed to search for such interactions. We discuss the properties of these potentials and estimate constraints on their coupling constants based on existing experimental data. Our findings indicate that for some particular values of the scaling dimension $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

, the coupling between scalar or vector unparticles and fermions is constrained by several orders of magnitude more tightly than the previous limits. The underlying reason for this improvement is analyzed. Limits are also set on the newly proposed SP and VA interactions for continuous $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

values, allowing the exploration of the $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

dependence of the constraints. It turns out that the bounds exhibit an exponential decay trend with the increasing $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

.
Manifestly covariant polynomial M5-brane lagrangians
Authors: Bansal Sukṛti
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We present polynomial and manifestly covariant M5-brane Lagrangians along with their analyses involving their dynamics, gauge symmetries and their nonlinear self-duality condition. Such Lagrangians can be particularly useful for developments that are otherwise hindered by a non-polynomial structure and singularity of the Lagrangian such as its quantisation. Although on integrating out some of the auxiliary fields these polynomial Lagrangians reduce to the M5-brane Lagrangian given by the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin (PST) formalism, in the analysis of the polynomial Lagrangians the only remnant of the non-polynomial structure of the PST type Lagrangian appears in the gauge transformation corresponding to an infinitesimal shift of a Stückelberg field. This transformation does not affect the dynamics or the on-shell self-duality condition of the polynomial M5-brane Lagrangians.
Ultraviolet running constraints on low mass dark sectors
Authors: Reilly Aidan , Toro Natalia
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We analyze the UV breakdown of Sub-GeV dark matter models that live in a new, dark U(1) sector. Many of these models include a scalar field, which is either the dark matter itself or a dark Higgs field that generates mass terms for the dark matter particle via spontaneous symmetry breaking. A quartic self coupling of this scalar field is generically allowed, and we show that its running is largely governed by the strength of the U(1) gauge field, αD. Furthermore, it consistently has a lower Landau pole than the gauge coupling. Link fields, which couple to both the dark sector and the Standard Model (SM), connect these Landau poles to constraints on SM charged particles. Current LHC constraints on link fields are compatible with αD ≲ 0.5 − 1 for most of the mass range in most models, while smaller values, αD ≲ 0.15, are favored for Majorana DM.
Holographic entanglement distillation from the surface state correspondence
Authors: Bao Ning , Süer Gün
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We study correlations between geometric subfactors living on the Ryu-Takayanagi surface that bounds the entanglement wedge. Using the surface-state correspondence and the bit threads program, we are able to calculate mutual information and conditional mutual information between subfactors. This enables us to count the shared Bell pairs between subfactors, and we propose an entanglement distillation procedure over these subsystems via a SWAP gate protocol. We comment on extending to multipartite entanglement.
Classical statistical simulation of quantum field theory
Authors: Hirayama Takayuki
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We propose a procedure of computing the n-point function in perturbation theory of the quantum field theory as the average over the complex Gaussian noises in a classical theory. The complex Gaussian noises are the sources for the creation and annihilation of particles and the energy of the resultant configuration is the same as the zero point energy of the corresponding quantum field theory.
Modified supersymmetric indices in AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Ardehali Arash Arabi , Krishna Hare
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We consider the 𝒩 = (2, 2) AdS3/CFT2 dualities proposed by Eberhardt, where the bulk geometry is AdS3 × (S3 × T4)/ℤk, and the CFT is a deformation of the symmetric orbifold of the supersymmetric sigma model T4/ℤk (with k = 2, 3, 4, 6). The elliptic genera of the two sides vanish due to fermionic zero modes, so for microstate counting applications one must consider modified supersymmetric indices. In an analysis similar to that of Maldacena, Moore, and Strominger for the standard 𝒩 = (4, 4) case of T4, we study the appropriate helicity-trace index of the boundary CFTs. We encounter a strange phenomenon where a saddle-point analysis of our indices reproduces only a fraction (respectively $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

, $$ \frac{2}{3} $$

2
3

, $$ \frac{3}{4} $$

3
4

, $$ \frac{5}{6} $$

5
6

) of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the associated macroscopic black branes.
Envelopes created by circle families in the plane
Authors: Wang Yongqiao , Nishimura Takashi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, on envelopes created by circle families in the plane, all four basic problems (existence problem, representation problem, problem on the number of envelopes, problem on relationships of definitions) are solved.
The socio-aesthetic construction of meaning in digitally mediated environments: a digital sensemaking approach
Authors: Brill Daniela , Schnugg Claudia , Stary Christian
Published: January 2024

Sensemaking has recently been identified as a driver of society developments, in particular in the context of designing a reasonable, valuable, and fair life. Since the construction of meaning is a crucial momentum in sensemaking processes, the authors investigate how meaning can be constructed in a sustaining form by utilizing digital means of expression, articulation, sharing of information, and creation of artscience artefacts. The authors report on results of exploring cyber-physical-systems with performative methodologies in the context of sensemaking to identify sensemaking processes of entering digital environments and share meaning-making activities through interaction. The collected data from two artscience studies reveal that activities beyond cognition facilitate sensemaking. Aesthetics and embodiment in performing actions are understood to play a role in sensemaking and subsequently effect on the construction of meaning. To investigate the role of the body and aesthetics in sensemaking in digital environments, we were particularly interested in sensemaking through embodied agency and aesthetic awareness, drawing from kinesthetic awareness of performance artists. In the performative activities digital behavior recognition and human task behavior were coupled, on the one hand by performers exploring digital environments actively reflecting on their performative process, on the other hand by a performance artist and choreographer creating performative experiences for audiences. It has been demonstrated in cyber-physical settings and can be utilized in upcoming developments further integrating virtual and physical worlds.