bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress of heat transport in trapped-ion crystals
Authors: Li Ji , Chen Liang , Feng Mang ,   Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China,   Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
Published: December 2023

Heat transport is one of the most important research topics in physics. Especially in recent years, with the in depth study on single-molecule devices, heat transport in low-dimensional (i.e. one- and two-dimensional) microsystems has received more and more attention. In the research of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam crystals and harmonic crystals, it is widely accepted that heat conduction in low-dimensional system does not follow Fourier’s law. Due to the lack of the equipment that can directly measure heat current, it has been proven to be a challenging task to carry out relevant experiments. Ion crystal in ion trap is located in vacuum and does not exchange energy with the external environment. The crystal structure and temperature can be accurately controlled by electric field and optical field, providing an ideal experimental platform for studying thermal conduction in low-dimensional crystals in classical state or quantum state. Herein we summarize the recent theoretical research on thermal conduction in ion crystals, including the methods of calculating temperature distribution and steady-state heat current in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional models, as well as the characteristics of heat current and temperature distribution under different ion crystal configurations. Because the nonlinear effect caused by the imbalance among three dimensions hinders the heat transport, the heat current in ion crystal is largest in the linear configuration while smallest in the zig-zag configuration. In addition, we also introduce the influence of disorder on the thermal conductivity of ion crystal, including the influence on the heat current across various ion crystal configurations such as the linear, the zig-zag and the helical configuration. Notably, the susceptibility of ion crystal to disorder increases with crystal size increasing. Specifically, the zig-zag ion crystal configuration exhibits the largest susceptibility to disorder, whereas the linear configuration is least affected. Finally, we provide a concise overview of experimental studies of the heat conduction in low-dimensional systems. Examination of the heat conduction in ion crystal offers a valuable insight into various cooling techniques employed in ion trap systems, including sympathetic cooling, electromagnetically induced transparency cooling, and polarization gradient cooling. Just like macroscopic thermal diodes made by thermal metamaterials, it is possible that the microscopic thermal diodes can also be made in low-dimensional systems.
Aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática no ensino em saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Almeida Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira , De Melo Alana Candeia , De Melo Aristeia Candeia , De Sousa Milena Nunes Alves , Nogueira Tiago Bezerra de Sá de Sousa , De Sousa Yasmim Regis Formiga , Benício Talícia Maria Alves , Abdal Pedro Pugliesi
Published: December 2023

Objetivou-se mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre a eficácia da aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática utilizada por docentes no ensino em saúde. O protocolo de revisão de escopo foi adotado conforme a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute e checklist PRISMA-ScR. A questão de pesquisa foi elaborada conforme o acrônimo PCC: Qual a eficácia do Team-based learning (conceito) desenvolvida pelos docentes (população) no ensino da saúde (contexto)? A busca dos textos foi efetuada em quatro bases de dados. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois revisores, com auxílio do software Rayyan. Nas bases de dados LILACS, EMBASE, SCOPUS e SCIELO, foram encontrados 59 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final foi constituída por 26 artigos. Os trabalhos dos autores pesquisados apontam para uma validação no sentido de qualificar a eficácia da aprendizagem baseada em equipes como ferramenta didática utilizada por docentes no ensino em saúde,  considerando que esta estratégia pedagógica é uma metodologia ativa de ensino-aprendizagem favorável por adotar estratégias que demandam a participação e a colaboração de equipes, tarefas de preparação e aplicação de conceitos, feedback e a avaliação entre os pares, além de exigir do alunos a maturidade para o protagonismo do seu próprio conhecimento e do professor o papel de gestor de múltiplas e complexas aprendizagens.
A participação social e o planejamento público: o caso do Conselho Municipal de Habitação de Juiz de Fora/MG
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas Pazolini Dias , Arcanjo Sanzio Dias , De Aguiar Cristina Caetano , Carvalho João Francisco Sarno , Silva Sheldon William , Da Cunha Fábio Simão , Estéban Stephanie Duarte , Valadares Gustavo Clemente
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem o intuito de analisar o processo deliberativo do CMH do município de Juiz de Fora/MG e verificar a existência de correlação entre as demandas debatidas em seu meio e o Plano Plurianual do governo local. Para tanto, optou-se por um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de normas, leis, regimentos e atas do poder público local e do conselho municipal de habitação. Os dados foram analisados dispondo-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo, sendo as categorias definidas a priori. Os resultados apontam que o processo deliberativo do Conselho favorece o debate amplo do tema, porém o existe o predomínio da mobilização dos representantes do poder público na condução das discussões. Em relação, às temáticas priorizadas pelo governo municipal e debatidas no Conselho, não foram encontradas similaridades relevantes, sendo um indicativo de distanciamento entre as prioridades de cada grupo.
As contribuições da auditoria interna para o controle e acompanhamento dos processos organizacionais
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Costa , Do Carmo Filho Manoel Martins
Published: December 2023

A auditoria interna compreende os exames, análises, avaliações, levantamentos e comprovações, metodologicamente estruturados para a avaliação da integridade, adequação, eficácia, eficiência e economicidade dos processos, dos sistemas de informações e de controles internos integrados ao ambiente, e de gerenciamento de riscos, com vistas a assistir à administração da entidade no cumprimento de seus objetivos, sendo de suma importância para o controle interno das organizações. Com isso, o presente estudo objetivou revisar na literatura as contribuições da auditoria interna para o controle e acompanhamento dos processos organizacionais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de revisão de narrativa, realizado em abril de 2023, incluindo artigos completos disponíveis online, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, publicados no período de 2013 a 2023, utilizando as palavras-chaves Auditoria Administrativa, Organização Contábil, Gestão de Risco, Contabilidade, Organização e Administração, que foram combinados por meio dos operadores boleanos “AND” e “OR”, no Google Acadêmico. A amostra final foi composta por 6 artigos que evidenciaram as contribuições da auditoria interna, sendo elas: eliminação de situações adversas, avaliação da necessidade de elaboração de novas normas ou modificação das existentes na empresa, inserção de sistemas de controle, diminuição dos riscos financeiros e de qualidade, manutenção e crescimento das organizações, superação de desafios gerenciais, alcance de metas, prevenção de fraudes, atração de novos investidores, otimização dos recursos públicos, prestação de contas, apoio e segurança na tomada de decisões e sistema de controle e planejamento para melhoria de processos. Os processos relacionados à auditoria interna trazem grandes contribuições tanto para organizações públicas e privadas, auxiliando no alcance das metas, atração de novos investidores, otimização dos recursos públicos e prestação de contas. Além disso, consiste em uma ferramenta para apoio e tomada de decisão para garantia da qualidade dos serviços e produtos, garantindo maior eficiência e com custos cada vez menores.
Extraintestinal Salmonella InfectionsAn Underdiagnosed Clinical Entity: A Case Series
Authors: Esther M Jane , Bosco Ronald J , Giridharan Jeevaraj , Lenin Pradhap
Published: December 2023

Extraintestinal salmonellosis can occur as a complication of enteric fever. In this case series, five clinically suspected cases of pyogenic meningitis and arthritis, a case of pyelonephritis suspected to be pyogenic or tubercular, a case of vertebral osteomyelitis suspected to be tuberculosis or malignancy, and a case of pyomyositis that clinically presented as a tumour were discussed. Although none of these cases were clinically suspected to be due to Salmonella, all were confirmed as extraintestinal salmonellosis based on microbiological evaluation. Salmonella should be suspected in acute inflammatory lesions that are unresponsive to empirical treatment. Instead of empirical antibiotics, culture and sensitivity-based antibiotics for the recommended duration are the only way to cure extraintestinal salmonellosis and prevent morbidity. Effective communication and correlation between the laboratory, clinician, and radiologist are essential for a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological and microbiological investigations should be done simultaneously to identify the definitive aetiology in all localised lesions presenting with necrosis/inflammatory response. This case series presents five cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis with serious complications, including meningitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and pyomyositis, each with varied clinical presentations.
Disease Burden of Hepatitis B Infection and Section Vaccination Trends in Healthcare Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Goyal Sandeep , Sridhar Banoth , Garg Manjri
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational hazard for Healthcare Workers (HCWs), with an approximately four-fold increased risk of acquiring this infection compared to the normal population. The horizontal mode of transmission is the predominant mode among HCWs. Additionally, vaccination trends among HCWs have been disappointing, with paramedics reported to have a higher risk of HBV transmission and receiving HBV vaccination less often than doctors. Aim: To determine the burden of hepatitis B infection and vaccination trends among HCWs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana, India, from March 2019 to January 2020, enrolling 250 HCWs. The study included 80 junior residents, 17 house surgeons, 123 nursing staff, 18 Laboratory Technicians (LTs), and 12 Operation Theatre Assistants (OTAs). The subjects were divided into two groups: medical workers (Group-1; House Surgeons and Junior Residents) and paramedical workers (Group-2; Nursing staff, LTs, OTAs). The sample size was calculated using Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) of HCWs. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: None of the subjects tested positive for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) during the study period. A total of 196 (78.4%) subjects were vaccinated, while 54 (21.6%) subjects remained Non-Vaccinated (NV). Out of the 196 vaccinated subjects, 140 (71.4%) were Completely Vaccinated (CV), and 56 (28.6%) were Incompletely Vaccinated (IV). The vaccination rate was highest among junior residents (95%) and lowest among LTs and OTAs (50%). Among the 80 junior residents, 76 (95%) were vaccinated, and 4 (5%) were NV. Among the 123 nursing staff, 89 (72.3%) were vaccinated, and 34 (27.7%) were CV, 9 (50%) were NV and 3 were in category of IV. Among the 18 LTs, 6 (33.3%) were CV, and 9 (50%) were NV. None of the 12 OTAs were CV, with 6 (50%) being NV. Conclusion: HCWs are at a potential risk of contracting HBV infection as an occupational hazard. There is need to strengthen efforts towards vaccination and prevention of HBV infection.
Comparison of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride and Fentanyl Citrate for Total Intravenous Anaesthesia in Short Surgical Procedures: A Randomised Control Study
Authors: Fefar Suman A , Solanki Rekha N , Thakkar Jayshree M , Modi Shivratan , Patel Hiteshvari V , Kethavath Arunkumar , Vashi Yarrie
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol is gaining acceptance for day care surgeries due to its advantages over inhalational agents. Opioids administered as premedication are known to enhance the hypnotic effect of propofol and provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Nalbuphine and Fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in short surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: In present double-blinded randomised controlled trail conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at the Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, 60 patients aged 18 to 60 years, classified as American Soceity of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Grade-I or II, and scheduled for elective short surgical procedures under TIVA were randomly assigned to two groups. Group N received Nalbuphine 0.05 mg/kg, and control Group F received 0.001 mg/ kg Fentanyl intravenously before induction. Parameters studied included pain scores, first rescue analgesia, haemodynamics, and side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, version 19.0 for Windows). Parametric data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests. Results: Data from a total of 60 patients (Group N mean age: 46.9±9.96 years and Group F mean age: 46.6±10.44 years) were collected and analysed. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, Body Mass Index (BMI), mean duration of surgery, and type of surgery (p > 0.05). Pain scores on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were not significant upto 15 minutes after surgery, but thereafter, the VAS score was significantly lower in the Nalbuphine group (p-value < 0.05). Intraoperative episodes of significant hypotension were observed only in the Fentanyl group (p-value < 0.05). The total dose of propofol required was significantly lower in the Fentanyl group (p-value < 0.001). The time to the first rescue analgesia requirement (in minutes) was significantly shorter in the Fentanyl group (32.83±28.43) compared to the Nalbuphine group (56.37±25.31). Side effects such as postoperative sedation, nausea, and vomiting were observed in the Fentanyl group (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Nalbuphine provided superior postoperative analgesic effects compared to Fentanyl when used as an analgesic component in TIVA. Postoperatively, pain scores were lower, and the time to the first rescue analgesia was longer in the Nalbuphine group.
Evaluation of the Level of Aflatoxins in Raw Peanuts and Reduction Levels of Aflatoxins in Peanuts through Nixtamalization (Lime Treatment) and Calcium Enrichment
Authors: Orwa Cynthia , Njue Lucy , Muthike Caroline
Published: December 2023

Nixtamalization has been widely used as a method of reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanuts as well as in calcium enrichment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nixtamalization on aflatoxin and nutrient content in peanuts among wholesalers and retailers at Nyamakima Market in Nairobi, Kenya. A representative sample was drawn from a population of 70 market vendors using a systematic random sampling technique, resulting in 35 raw peanut samples for analysis via ELISA to determine initial aflatoxin levels. These samples were then subjected to nixtamalization treatments of 4, 8, and 16 minutes. The findings revealed that the average concentration of total aflatoxins in peanuts initially exceeded the accepted safety limit, with 71% of the samples failing to meet the standards. However, nixtamalization led to a substantial reduction in aflatoxin levels by 49%, 48%, and 50% after treatment durations of 4, 8, and 16 minutes, respectively. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Two-sample T-tests, confirmed significant distinctions between initial and final mean aflatoxin levels post-treatment, as well as variations between treatments. The study also observed a significant variation in calcium levels between the different time treatments, supported by linear regression analysis, which demonstrated a robust correlation between time treatments and calcium levels (R2=0.83, P=0.011). Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant differences in mean moisture contents across various treatments (P=0.000), and a linear relationship between mean moisture content and exposure time (P=0.02). The results emphasize the positive impact of nixtamalization in reducing aflatoxin levels and enhancing calcium content in peanuts. However, it is crucial to note the negative effect on moisture content, which exceeded stipulated limits, potentially raising concerns about product safety and quality.
Factors Affecting the Agripreneurial Behaviour of Rural Youth Involved in Mushroom Production as an Enterprise
Authors: Nagar Ashish Kumar , Bisht Kamini , Naberia Seema , Rathi Deepak
Published: December 2023

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) launched ARYA project in the year 2016. The project's main objectives are to entice rural youth to participate in India's agricultural sector and to create employment opportunities in the agricultural and related sectors. It is recognized that there is greater potential for mushroom cultivation as an enterprise as there is increasing consumers' preferences in nearby cities towards mushroom. The KVK promoted mushroom cultivation through demonstrations, capacity building and by providing critical inputs under the project. As a result, rural youth are motivated and engaged in spawn production, mushroom cultivation, marketing and mushroom processing. The result of the present study reveals that majority of the rural youth of successful enterprises as well as discontinued enterprise exhibited a medium level of agripreneurial behavior. The agripreneurial behaviour of rural youth of successful mushroom enterprises correlated positively and significantly with factors like age, education, gender, agri-enterprise experience, occupation, training, social participation, family size, land holding, annual income, source of credit, attitude toward agri-enterprise, extension contact, and mass media exposure. In case of the agripreneurial behaviour of rural youth of discontinued enterprises the variable gender, agri-enterprise experience, occupation, training, social participation, family size, land holding, annual income, attitude toward agri-enterprise, extension contact, and mass media exposure showed positive and significant correlations with agri-entrepreneurial behavior.
Growth and Health Status of Spiny Lobsters and Snubnose Pompano with Multilevel Floating Net Cage System
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Cokrowati Nunik , Diniarti Nanda , Scabra Andre Rachmat
Published: December 2023

The cultivation of multilevel floating net cages (MFNC) systems is believed to be able to increase production capacity without increasing the horizontal area of ​​the cultivation area. Research on the effect of using MFNC on the growth and health performance of Spiny lobsters and Snubnose pompano has never existed, so a study was conducted with the aim of comparing the growth and health performance of spiny lobsters and Snubnose pompano in floating net cage (FNC) and MFNC cultivation systems. The research method used was a field experiment with a comparative analysis of spiny lobsters and Snubnose pompano cultivation with different cultivation systems, namely the MFNC and FNC systems with 3 replications. The rearing lasted for 2 months and was fed trash fish as much as 5% of the biomass every day. Parameters of spiny lobsters and Snubnose pompano growth performance observed included weight growth, carapace length growth, total length growth, and specific growth rate. The health status of spiny lobsters observed quantitatively was the total hemocytes counts and hemolymph glucose levels, and Snubnose pompano by counting erythrocytes and blood leukocytes. The results showed that there was no difference in growth performance, survival and health status of spiny lobsters and Snubnose pompano reared using MFNC and FNC systems based on paired two sample for means, because p value > 0.05 for all growth parameters survival and health status. Thus, the use of a multilevel floating net cage system in lobster cultivation can increase FNC productivity and be efficient in optimal space utilization and does not affect water quality, especially the parameters of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity. There were no significant differences in the growth performance, survival, and health status of lobsters and Snubnose pompano when reared using the MFNC and FNC cultivation systems.
Insight of Oxidative Stress, Ultrastructural Transformations, and Elemental Variations in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Boron Toxicity: Unraveling the Role of Fe-SOD in Boron Tolerance
Authors: Rani Anjana , Rajpoot Ritika
Published: December 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings differing in boron tolerance were grown in hydroponics containing varying boron concentration. (as boric acid) for 8 days. Yoshida Nutrient Solution (Yoshida et al.1976) served as control, whereas 0.5 mM boron (moderately toxic) and 1.5 mM boron (highly toxic).  Boron excess (B) caused marked reduction in length, biomass and relative water content of the seedlings, with more reductions in B-sensitive cv. Malaviya-36 as compared with B-tolerant cv. Brown Gora. B-sensitive seedlings showed higher B uptake in roots and shoots compared to the tolerant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural damage to the guard cells with excess boron. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of rice leaves showed decline in concentration of P, S, Ca and Mg in seedlings on B treatment. Increased production of reactive oxygen species O2˙−, H2O2, lipid peroxides, alteration in activity of antioxidative enzymes and increased membrane permeability was observed in B treated seedlings compared to controls. Real time PCR analysis of stress regulatory genes indicated differential expression of SOD isoforms in the two sets of cultivars with B treatment. Interestingly seedlings of B-tolerant cultivar were characterized by higher level of expression of Fe-SOD and its further increased expression on B treatment. Results suggest that B toxicity involves ultrastructural and elemental changes, increased generation of ROS and altered antioxidative enzyme activities in rice seedlings and increased expression Fe-SOD isoform appears to be associated with B tolerance.
Mean Wear Approach for Modeling and Predicting Wear for Gears in Plastics Materials and their Composites
Authors: Agbetossou Y. N. , Afio A. , Koffi D. , Tiem S. , Kassegne K. A.
Published: December 2023

It is currently recognized by the scientific and industrial world that gears made of plastic materials and their composites have numerous advantages (light weight and inertia reduction, no lubrication or initial lubrication, low friction coefficient, shock and vibration absorbing, good load distribution, low costing manufacturing, etc. ) and they will continue to beneficially replace metal gears in a good number of applications in all areas; above all, today the family of plastic materials and their composites is expanding with the development of new eco-plastics and their natural fiber composites as an alternative for sustainable development. However, the challenge remains to continue research in the field of these plastic gears and their composites in order to overcome the problems that still hamper their use.

The literature reveals that wear constitutes one of the failure modes of gears and in particular it remains the most frequent cause of damage in gears made of plastic materials and their composites. According to the results of experimental work carried out on the wear behavior of plastic gears and their composites, the wear prediction models developed for their metallic counterparts are not applicable to them.

The main objective of this present work is to study the wear behavior of gear teeth made of plastic materials and their composites in order to develop a model of its prediction.

In this paper, a mean wear approach is used to develop a model based on Archard's law for the prediction of wear in gears made of plastic materials and their composites. The model is built on experimental works observations and depends on the pair of materials and the operating conditions of the mesh, as well as the parameters which are determined once and for all from the initial experimental results. The model also takes into account the very significant thermal effect on the wear of plastic gears.

The results from a simulation carried out, using MATLAB software for the pair of HDPE30B materials (HDPE polyethylene composite with 30% birch wood fiber) running under dry conditions, are presented and analyzed. The results are consistent with those of our experimental work and are mainly validated with a relative error below 15% by the latter.

The models developed can already provide solutions to needs on an industrial scale.
Temporal Variation of Sunshine Duration and Its Potential Affecting Factors with Emphasis on Saudi Arabia for the Period 1983-2022
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Ibna , Farhan Khatib Zada , Alam M. J. B. , Anwar Aiyesha
Published: December 2023

The rising trend in fossil fuel prices and the depletion of natural resource reserves in the future force the authority of any country to find a more sustainable option for energy sources, so that future energy demand can be ensured for sustainable development. Assessing the trend and availability of sunshine duration (SD) at a spatiotemporal scale and the effect of different metrological parameters on the SD change is crucial to ensure the efficient utilization of solar energy, support the growth of renewable energy systems, and contribute to a sustainable future. In Saudi Arabia, The average monthly SD is 283 ± 18 hm-1, and there was a rising trend of SD that increased at a rate of 1.48 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. Most of the regions experienced an annual mean of SD between 3375 and 3754 hy-1, except for the southwest and the middle-eastern part where SD was between 3072 and 3375 hours in a year.  The highest mean monthly SD was 318 ± 39 hm-1 during the summer season, but the trend of SD changes over the years was downward ( -0.21 hy-1). The mean monthly SD was lowest (244 ± 38 hm-1) in the winter season, and the changing pattern of SD was on the rise at a rate of 0.26 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. There was a decline in SD across the country between 1983 and 1998, whereas from 2000 onward the country experienced an upward trend in SD. Relative humidity (R = -0.53, p < 0.01) and cloud cover (R = -0.42, p < 0.05) as potential factors have a strong negative correlation with SD, whereas wind speed (R = 0.06, p > 0.1) and temperature (R = 0.12, p > 0.1) have a positive correlation with SD in the region.
Effect of Different NPK Levels and Chlorophyll Content on Growth and Development of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck)
Authors: Silas Vinay Joseph , Kumar Jitendra
Published: December 2023

The current study, which was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Rama University in Mandhana, Kanpur, India, was titled Effect of varying amounts of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O) on growth and development of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) plants. In terms of maximum plant height (83.57 cm), maximum number of leaves (421.04), maximum number of branches (26.36), maximum stem diameter (3.04 cm), maximum spread of canopy (42.36 cm), maximum length of inter-nodes (9.68 cm), and maximum chlorophyll content (4.58 mg/g), the results showed that treatment T2 (850 g / plant Nitrogen, 600 g / plant Phosphorus, and 850 g / plant Potash) achieved the best results followed by  treatment T9 (800 g / plant Nitrogen, 400 g / plant Phosphorus and500 g / plant Potash) and the minimum was recorded in T4(700g / plant Nitrogen, 400g / plant Phosphorus and 400g / plant Potash).
Assessment of Nozzle Spray Characteristics for Agriculture Spraying
Authors: Santosh  , Shirwal Sunil , Sushilendra  , Raghavendra V.  , Mareppa H.  , Vinutha K.
Published: December 2023

The studies on the operational parameters of selected nozzles were conducted in the laboratory using a patternator with the operational parameters of four types of nozzles (hollow cone, 3-way discharge nozzle (3D), flood type, and solid cone nozzle), five operating pressures (400, 500, 600, 800, and 1000 kPa), and five nozzle heights (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m). The effects of independent variables on spray discharge, droplet size, uniformity coefficient, droplet density, and spray angle were studied. It was observed that the discharge rate increased by increasing the operating pressure, and discharge varied for different types of nozzles. The Hallow cone nozzle exhibited a minimum discharge rate of 0.515 l/min, and the maximum discharge rate recorded was 1.546 l/min for the 3D nozzle. The droplet size decreases with increasing operating pressure. As the operating pressure increased, the size of the droplets formed into fine particles. The maximum droplet size of 251 µm was produced by the 3D nozzle, and the minimum was 117 µm by the Hallow cone nozzle. The spray uniformity increased with an increase in operating pressure. Spray uniformity was minimal in cases of low operating pressure because of the size of the droplets. Droplet density increased with an increase in operating pressure. Spray angle increases with increasing operating pressure. The spray angle is decreased by increasing the nozzle height because of gravity. Spray angles are different for different nozzles.
Effect of Soil Amendments on the Growth Parameters of Okra Infested with Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Etim Daniel Offiong , Aniete Bassey Rosemary , Eleng Ituna Emini , Ini-Ibehe Ndarake Eden , Obot Bassey Ediongsenyene
Published: December 2023

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Neem cake, and poultry manure on the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2022 and August, 2022.

Methodology: Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15cm using auger, heat sterilized and spread out in a shade for 7days to cool before use for planting okra seed. Galled roots of okra plants were blended and emptied into 1000ml beaker. This was the inoculum used for plant inoculation. Pure culture of T. harzianum inoculated into a steril petri dishes and allowed to sporulate. Neem cake and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10g and 20g per planting pot. Holes were excavated around the base of the okra plant and 1g of T. harzianum spores was used for inoculation. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, petiole length, and percentage leaf abscission.

Results: Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots. Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different. Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control.

Results shows that the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%. Results from other treatments were as follows, M0T0N1 (62.3%), M1T1N0 (58.6%), M0T0N2 (56.3%), M1T0N1 (52.9%) and M1T1N2 (51.2%). Result obtained on soil amendment with poultry manure revealed that pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the data obtained on the growth parameters, it can be concluded that          T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita and the impact was significantly shown on the plant height and petiole length. Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting. T. harzianum has be proven to be of economic value in agriculture both as biocontrol agent and soil nutrient booster.
Mapping of Soil Fertility Status in a Coastal Village of Odisha Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Majhi Pradipta , Mishra Prasannajit , Sen Jibanjit , Das Dwarika Mohan , Phonglosa Amit , Panda Debasis , Sahoo Hemanta Kumar , Roul Pravat Kumar
Published: December 2023

The most fundamental decision-making tool for sustainable soil nutrient management is the assessment of soil fertility in a region. During 2021, a soil fertility status inventory was prepared through National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) model village at Achyutadaspur in the Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha. A total of 125 surface soil samples were randomly collected from a depth of 0-15 cm with GPS locations and evaluated for soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available N, P, K, S, Zn, and B using standard analytical procedures. GIS maps have been prepared using Arc GIS software based on the analysis report. The majority of the soil was found acidic around 62.4% area of the village, followed by neutral soil pH in 33.6% area. The organic carbon status of the soil was found low (79.2%) to medium (20.8%), available N was found low in 88% area and medium in 12% area, available P was found medium in 82.4% area and high in 17.6% area, available K was low in 27.2% area, medium in 64% area, and high in 8.8% area, and available S was low in 37.6% area and medium in 62.4% area, respectively. Among the available micronutrients, Zn was found low in 79.2% of the area and medium in 20.8% of the area. Similarly, hot water extractable boron was found low in 85.6% of the region and medium in 14.4% of the area. By adopting soil map based fertilizer recommendation with improved practices in the Achyutadaspur village, 17.92% yield was increased over farmers practices. The benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) of rice was found to be 1.89 whereas 1.65 in farmers practices.
Maize Yield Response to Organic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers in a Sub-Tropical Zone of Eastern Himalayan Region of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Yari Joram , Doruk Kasinam , Rupok Bogo , Ramamoorthy P. , Venu Nakeertha , Sindhu G. Poovizhi
Published: December 2023

A Field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agriculture at Himalayan University, Jullang, Arunachal Pradesh, to assess the impact of composts and biofertilizers on plant growth. The available soil nutrient status were medium in N, High in P and medium in K in study soil.The treatments considered of T1- Control 100 % RDF,  T2 - Vermicompost 0.5 Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha, T3 – Poultry manure 0.5 Kg/ha +  Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T4 – Compost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T5 – compost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5 Kg/ha  , T6 – Poultry manure 0.5Kg/ha+ Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha, T7 – Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha.The highest cob plant-1 recorded highest in treatment receiving Vermicompost 0.5 Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5 Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5 Kg/ha(T7) i.e 1.93. highest cob length recorded 13.80 cm receiving treatment Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha+ Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha (T7).The highest number of cob grain-1 is 394.47 receiving Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacter 0.5Kg/ha (T7) and 12.03 g of test weight were obtained with treatment (T7) receiving Vermicompost 0.5Kg/ha + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 0.5Kg/ha + Azotobacte 0.5Kg/ha .
Impact of Different Formulations of Biofertilizer Consortia (NPK & NPKZn) on Proximate Nutritional Composition of Hybrid Maize (Co H (M) 8) Grains
Authors: Akash M. , Gnanachitra M. , Balachandar D. , Geetha P.
Published: December 2023

The study focused on the effect of liquid and powder formulations of biofertilizer consortia developed for NPK and NPKZn nutrition using Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, potash bacteria and zinc solubilizing bacteria on the proximate nutrient component analysis of maize grains and to evaluate their potential as nutrient-rich sources for both human and animal consumption. Cereals, particularly maize, is one of the globally utilized and significant crops, contributing substantially to human diet, as animal feed, substrate for fuel and occupying a considerable portion of agricultural land. The nutritional composition of maize, encompassing starch, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and ash plays an important role in dietary planning and epidemiological research. The experiment involves different treatments, each representing a specific biofertilizer consortium application method, such as liquid and powder formulations. The liquid formulation of NPK and NPKZn biofertilizer consortia applied through seed treatment and powder formulation of NPK and NPKZn biofertilizer consortia applied through seed coating and compared with the existing recommendation in maize crop. The results indicate variations in moisture content, protein levels, starch yield, carbohydrate composition, ash content, and crude fiber among the treatments. Notably, seed coating with NPKZn biofertilizer consortia in powder form, stands out with promising attributes, including high protein content (8.08%), significant starch yield (69.88%), and balanced amylose to amylopectin ratio. The findings contribute valuable insights for selecting optimal biofertilizer consortia formulations to enhance the nutritional quality of maize, crucial for both agricultural and dietary considerations.
Effect of Bio-NPK and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) var. Pusa Snowball K 1
Authors: Patel Kameshwar P. , Panchal B. H. , Rupareliya Raj D.
Published: December 2023

The present investigation was carried out on “Effect of Bio-NPK and organic manures on growth, yield and economics of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) var. Pusa Snowball K 1” at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Rabi season 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three replication and thirteen treatment combinations comprising of two level of Bio-NPK and six level of organic manures of total 12 combinations. The experiment result revealed that, treatment B1 (seedling dipping with Bio-NPK) was found the most effective treatment which recorded significantly maximum plant height (44.97, 51.74 and 58.16 cm), number of leaves at (10.65, 16.84 and 23.42), N-S plant spread (37.04, 50.67 and 63.88 cm) and E-W plant spread (34.78, 48.79 and 62.26 cm) at 40th, 60th and 80th DAT, respectively, weight of the curd (745.16 gm), diameter of the curd (16.99 cm) and yield per plot (13.46 kg). Treatment of organic manures significantly responded on growth and yield parameters viz., Among all treatment, treatment F3 (100 % RDN through VC) was the most effective treatment which recorded significantly maximum plant height (46.84, 54.42 and 61.00 cm), number of leaves (11.26, 17.66 and 24.19), plant spread N-S (37.58, 52.26 and 65.86), E-W (35.40, 50.05 and 64.25 cm) at 40th, 60th and 80th DAT respectively, weight of the curd (802.41 gm), diameter of the curd (17.69 cm) and  yield per plot (14.72 kg). However, based on economics, treatments 75 % RDN through VC + 25 % RDN through FYM gave maximum net realization (197168 ₹ /ha).
A Fuzzy-Based Server Incremental Technique for N-Policy M/G/n Queue Network
Authors: Adeleke Imran A. , Iposu Oriyomi N. , Gbadebo Adegbuyi D.
Published: December 2023

The study presents an N-Policy M/G/n queue model having multiple servers with possible increment. In this model, the server is turned off as soon as the queue is empty. However, as customers arrive the network according to a homogeneous Poisson process with rate λ, the server is not immediately turned on until when the number of customers reaches a pre-determined threshold value, N.  Service of customers is on first-come, first-served basis. The model has two categories of servers viz: active and reserved servers. In a situation where all active servers are busy and a customer arrives, two options are available. It is either the arriving customer wait until one of the active servers becomes idle or request for an additional server from among reserved servers. The decision of the customer to wait for one of the active servers to become idle or request an additional server in order to reduce wait time is taken by an Expert System rather than making such on the basis of network performance metrics.
Analysis of Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Borehole Water in Awka, Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwanneka Mmuonwuba , Sochima Muogbo Emmanuel , Samuel Onuegbu Akachukwu , Kizito Maduba
Published: December 2023

This study aims determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of borehole water in Awka.

The Study Activities Include: Collection of borehole water samples, Identification of  physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics present in the borehole water samples, analyzing the characteristics, comparing the characteristics of the water samples to the World Health Organizations (WHO) standards, Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), Identification of health effects of imbalance in the characteristic and development recommendation for improving the quality of borehole water.

The study was carried out in Microbiology laboratory, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria (5.7699° N, 6.8361° E). It took six months to complete the study.

The physical, chemical and biological characteristics were carefully analyzed with the right methodology which includes HANNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR pH, Electrical Conductivity and temperature, GALVERMETRIC METHOD for Total Dissolved Oxygen, ARGENTOMETRIC METHOD for chloride, molybdenum blue phosphorous method for phosphate, PHENATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD for ammonia, WINKLER'S TITRIMETRIC METHOD for Dissolved Oxygen, TITRIMETRIC METHOD for total acidity, alkalinity and hardness, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY for heavy metals and MEMBRANE FILTERATION TECHNIQUE for total coliform and total E. Coli counts. This study presents results for these characteristics which ranges from: 28.3°C - 32°C for temperature which are all below WHO standards, 4.5 - 7.6 for pH, 0.02ms/cm - 1.355ms/cm for Electrical Conductivity, 19.5mg/L - 1020.75 mg/L for Total Dissolved Solids, 4.5mg/L - 8.6mg/L for Dissolved Oxygen, 64mg/L - 198mg/L for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 20mg/L - 138.8mg/L for Total Hardness, 25.2mg/L - 340.2mg/L for Chloride, 5.02ppm - 17.6ppm for phosphate, 0.27mg/L - 6.99mg/L, 2fcu/100ml - 130fcu/100ml for Total coliform count, 1fcu/100ml - 33fcu/100ml, 5.2mg/L - 17mg/L for total acidity, 10mg/L - 255mg/L for total acidity.

Conclusion: Results of these characteristics were compared with World Health standards of drinking water, Nigeria Industrial Standards and Federal Environmental Protection Agency standards. The average values the parameters were as well compared to these standards and recommendations were developed for the maintenance and improvement of borehole water quality.
Evaluation of Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation in Wound Healing Post Dental Implant Surgery: A Clinical Study
Authors: Vandana Sarangal , Pankaj Goyal , Tej Singh Sahib , Supreet Kaur , Vasudha Suchdev
Published: December 2023

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the role of vitamin C in wound healing following dental implant surgery.

Materials and Methods: 60 patients receiving dental implants were divided into two groups of 30 each. group A and group B. Group A included 30 patients who underwent dental implant surgery along with vitamin C supplementation, 500 mg twice a day post-surgery for 5 days and group B included 30 patients who underwent dental implant surgery alone. The Wound Healing Index, Wound Evaluation score and Visual Analog Scale were the following indices evaluated.

Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant improvement in all indices in both group A and group B, but results in group A were statistically more significant than group B and indicating that maximum healing was seen in the first 7 days post-operative, thereafter, remaining more or less the same. In reference to vitamin C for pain relief, there was no statistically difference between the study groups.

Conclusion: Using vitamin C supplementation post-operative healing following dental implant surgery in patients given vitamin C. However, vitamin C supplementation does not decrease the post operative pain associated with dental pain and anxiety.
Traumatic Pulmonary Herniation: A Conservative Approach
Authors: Close Alexandra , Kingma Tyler , Chaudhry Maaria , Chaudhry Bilal , Alekseyev Kirill
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Pulmonary herniation is an uncommon but potentially dangerous complication of chest wall trauma. This report evaluates the elements of pulmonary herniation and highlights the need for defined guidelines in treatment of this condition.

Case

We discuss a 60-year-old female who presented to the hospital after blunt chest wall trauma resulting in thoracic pulmonary traumatic eventration, hemopneumothorax, and rib fractures. This patient achieved reduction of lung tissue after chest tube placement without recurrence.

Conclusion

There are no defined guidelines for generalized treatment given varying symptomatology. A majority of cases have historically been treated surgically, although asymptomatic cases have been treated conservatively with success.
Pharmacy Management System
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , M. Anubarathi , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

Chemists can streamline their pharmacy operations with the help of the Pharmacy Management System. When a user inputs the name of a medicine, the Pharmacy Management System provides detailed information about that medication, streamlining procedures. Details on a medicine, including its cost and when it will expire, are provided by a computer. In big pharmacies, it can be difficult to manually manage the data of all the medications. But with this pharmacy management system in place, we can keep track of all the medications. Whenever new medications are added to the system, the information is updated accordingly. The system also includes an expiration date and a search option. When you type the name of a medicine, the system gives you all the information you need about it. In order to foster productive working relationships and accomplish set goals, pharmacy management is vital in keeping an eye on and guiding the pharmacy personnel. The administration of the pharmacy should clarify each of these duties because they are critical to its operation. Improved precision, security, and productivity in the pharmaceutical industry are the primary goals of the pharmacy management system. The chemist's capacity to oversee stock, keep expenses in check, and guarantee patient safety is all improved by the computer-based method. When it comes to accessing and providing services to consumers, the pharmacy management system was built to ensure the confidentiality of data and the dependability of pharmacy records. With the help of the Marg ERP 9 Plus environment, the system is built using C# and ASP.NET programming languages, and the SQL database is MYSQL.