bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome numbers in the Aphididae and their taxonomic significance
Authors: BLACKMAN R. L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Diploid female chromosome numbers are listed for 180 aphid species not previously karyotyped. The list includes the first chromosome records for several aphid tribes (Tramini, Greenideini, Anomalaphidini, Nippon‐aphidini). Variation in chromosome number at different systematic levels is discussed. Usually the karyotype is particularly stable within a genus, but there are notable exceptions (e.g. Amphorophora) where considerable evolutionary increase in chromosome number has occurred by autosome dissociation with little accompanying morphological change. In several genera differences in gross chromosome morphology can be useful to the taxonomist. Within‐species karyotype variation is relatively common in aphids, and instances of structural heterozygosity are particularly numerous in species and groups which have partially or completely abandoned the sexual phase of the life cycle in favour of permanent thelytoky.
A remarkable new genus and species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) from the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: HAYES ALAN H. , SATTLER KLAUS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aumakua omaomao gen.n., sp.n. (Noctuidae: Cuculliinae) from the Hawaiian Islands is described; the adults, wing venation and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated. The systematic position of Aumakua gen.n. is discussed, its status as a Hawaiian endemism is considered and the habitats of A.omaomao sp.n. are described.
The Andronyrnus caesar complex of species (Hesperiidae)
Authors: USHER M. B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Five species are recognized in the Andronymus caesar complex: caesar, evander, helles, hero and marcus sp.n. Two sub‐species, A, caesar caesar and A.c.philander, are distinguished on characters other than colour, colour forming a cline from yellow to white from West Africa through to East and Central Africa. The nominal species antonius is placed in synonymy with caesar. The males of hero and marcus are superficially very similar though the females are easily separated; in contrast the females of helles and evander are very similar, but the males are easily separated. A key is provided to the eleven African taxa (nine species, two of them each with two subspecies) of Andronymus.
Luthrobium (Tetartopeus):natural history, phylogeny and revision of the nearctic species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: WATROUS LARRY
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The eleven species ofLathrobiumsubgenusTetartopeusfrom the Nearctic Region are revised. Thirteen specific names are placed in synonymy,Lconvolutumsp.n. is described, andDeratopeusCasey is synonymized withTetartopeus. A cladistic analysis suggests thatTetartopeusis monophyletic, and that five monophyletic species‐groups are represented in the Nearctic Region.
Wing‐polymorphism in British species of Longitarsus beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)
Authors: SHUTE SHARON L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The incidence of wingpolymorphism is investigated in thirty‐seven of the forty‐one species of Longitursus currently on the British list and twenty‐five species are shown to exhibit variation in wing development. These variations are classified into three groups, fully developed, reduced and vestigial, the reduced form being further divided into three sub‐groups. Variation in wing shape between sexes of a species is recorded and illustrated for the first time. Abdominal wing‐folding spicule patches, previously unrecorded in this genus, are described and illustrated by SEM photographs. Previous work on Longitarsus wing‐polymorphism is briefly reviewed and possible correlations with sex, morphology, distribution and host plant affinities assessed. Records and personal observations of flight in Longitursus species are summarized and the relative unimportance of this ability in a saltatorial group discussed. A table is provided setting out the results of the investigation.
A new species of Acyrthosiphon (Homoptera, Aphididae) from Primula in Britain
Authors: MARTIN J. H.
Published: January 2008

Acyrthosiphon auriculae sp.n. is described from Primula (garden auricula) in Britain. It is close to the A.malvae group but has only eight chromosomes (2n ‐ ♀). Results from rearing experiments using excised leaf cultures suggest that auriculae has strong host‐plant preferences; it may have originated from a montane region in Europe.
The Madagascan click‐beetle genusCrepicardus(Elateridae) and its relationship to the Pyrophorinae
Authors: CALDER ANDREW A.
Published: January 2008

The genusCrepicardusis endemic to Madagascar. Ten species are here recognized and redescribed; a key for their identification is given. The genus falls into three distinct species groups and one unassigned species: theklugii‐group (klugiiCastelnau,madagscariensisFleutiaux,cribricollisFleutiaux), thecandezei‐group (candezeiFairmairestat.rev.,raffrayiFairmaire,nigerCandèze,puncticollisFleutiaux), thetrisulcatus‐group (trisulcatusCandèze,mocquerysiFleutiaux) andfleutiauxiGirard.Crepicardus costicollis(Castelnau) is again placed as a junior synonym ofC.klugii(Castelnau) andcandezeiFairmaire restored to specific status. Lectotypes are designated forklugiiCastelnau,costicollisCastelnau,candezeiFairmaire,raffrayiFairmaire,nigerCandèze andmocquerysiFleutiaux. On the basis of adult charactersCrepicardusis here assigned to the PyrophorinaesensuStibick (1979) and its systematic position is discussed in relation to the widespread Pyrophorinae.
A new genus of podonomine midge (Chironomidae) from Bhutan
Authors: CHAUDHURI P.K. , GHOSH M.
Published: January 2008

A new monobasic genus of Podonominae, Neopodonomus, and its type‐species, N. similis are described from nine males and four females collected in Bhutan. This represents the first record of Podonominae from the Oriental region.
A spectacual new Idea from Celebes (Lepidoptera, Danaide)
Authors: RUSSELL ANTHONY BEDFORD
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Idea tambusisiana sp.n. is described and figured from a single female from Sulawesi Tengah (central Celebes). Its structure and facies place it clearly in the genus Idea, but if differes from all other known Idea species in the very long anastomosis of forewing veins Sc and R1 and in the entirely dark abdomen, thorax, head and legs. The female genitala appear to exculde the new sepcies from the Idea Iynceus‐group, and it is placed, provisionally, in the Idea idea‐group
Phenetic and cladistic relationships among tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera)
Authors: DOYEN JOHN T. , TSCHINKEL WALTER R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The higher classification of Tenebrionidae is analysed using numerical phenetic, numerical cladistic and traditional Hennigian methods. In all, eighty characters are examined for about 335 taxa; definitive analyses are made on combinations of eighteen to seventy characters for thirty‐three OTUs. At lower levels of relationship (genera and closely related tribes) phenetic and cladistic classifications are shown to be congruent, but at higher levels (tribes and subfamilies) there is marked discordance with phenetic results being more stable. A consensus classification is more similar to the Hennigian cladogram than is any single computer generated cladogram. Two main tribal groups – the Lagrioid and Tenebrionoid groups – are suggested which differ in defensive glands, female anatomy, wing and mouthpart morphology, larval characters and other features. The Tenebrionoid group consists of three main subdivisions – the tenebrionine, coelometopine and diaperine lineages. Changes in classificatory position are recommended for eighty‐seven genera and tribes (listed in Appendix E) and implied for numerous others.
A dual genetical and taxonomic approach to the resolution of the mosquito taxon, Anopheles (Cellia) marshallii (Culicidae)
Authors: LAMBERT D. M. , COETZEE M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Two largely independent studies, one cytogenetic and another a detailed morphological analysis, have both revealed the existence of four Biologically distinct species within populations of Anopheles marshallii (Theobald) from South Africa and Zimbabwe. The results of discriminant function analysis using chromosomally identified individuals enabled accurate identification of pinned specimens. Classification of type‐specimens using this technique indicates that two of the newly discovered species are undescribed. These new species, Anopheles letabensis and Anopheles hughi, are described and a redescription of Anopheles marshallii is presented.
The identification of hymenopterous parasitoids attacking cereal aphids in Britain
Authors: POWELL W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Keys are provided to assist in the identification of the hymenopterous parasitoids which attack cereal aphids in Britain, and brief notes are given on both the primary parasitoids and the hyperparasitoids.
Character diversity and taxonomic weighting in the numerical taxonomy of two insect groups (Hemiptera: Diaspididae, and Lepidoptera: Drepanidae)
Authors: DAVIES R.G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract Methods used to assess ecological diversity have been adapted to show that binary and multistate taxonomic characters may be assigned measures of diversity that correspond closely with their information content. A distinction is drawn between the two major components of character diversity, corresponding respectively to the number of states exhibited and the evenness with which these are distributed over taxa. By choosing characters with high heterogeneity (i.e. high values of those indices which combine the two components of diversity) it is possible to select relatively small subsets of characters which effectively reproduce the main features of reference ordinations of the taxa which were based on all available characters. Such diversity indices and the appropriate measures of information content can be regarded as a system of weights which vary ten‐fold or more among themselves and which can be applied to all the characters to produce numerically weighted ordinations. Despite the considerable differential weighting introduced in this way, the resulting ordiantions differ very little from ‘unweighted’ reference ordinations in which all characters have been accorded equal weights. The results suggest that numerical weighting of this kind does little to improve the quality of phenetic procedures when applied to reasonably large bodies of real taxonomic data.
A review of Mangocellus (Heteroptera: Miridae) with five new species from West Africa
Authors: AKINBOHUNGBE A.E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The isometopine genus, Magnocellus Smith is reviewed. Two species‐groups are recognized and keys to the eleven included species are provided. Five new species are described: slaten (Ghana), confusus (Nigeria),tibialis (Nigeria and Ghana), deeming (Nigeria) and fulvus (Nigeria). Three species, ghanaiensis Smith, scutellaris Linnavuori and wacriensis Smith, are redescribed.
Acoustic recognition of sibling species within the holarctic lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: HENRY CHARLES S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Individuals of Chrysoperla curnea (Stephens) from central Europe exhibit courtship songs that are radically different from those of nearctic members of the same species. Additionally, the two geographically distinct populations will not hybridize under laboratory conditions. It is likely, therefore, that the two song morphs are distinct, sibling species; consequently Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) is raised from synonymy, to include New World specimens formerly placed in C.camea. Within the nearctic region, other plorabunda‐like individuals have been found to possess uniquely different calls, suggesting that the carnea‐plorabunda complex may in fact consist of numerous morphologically indistinguishable species.
Darwin's moth from St. Paul's Rocks: a new species ofErechthias(Tineidae)
Authors: ROBINSON GADEN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.A small brown moth, first recorded from St. Paul's Rocks by Charles Darwin and then subsequently on five occasions, is described as a new species,Erechthias darwini, from adults of both sexes, pupae and larvae. Apparently endemic to the Rocks and occupying a habitat less than 2 ha in extent in the central Atlantic, it belongs to a group with a predominantly Indo‐Pacific distribution. Its closest relative is a pantropical 'introduced species and its existence calls into question the assumption that this and several other Erechthiinae are recent introductions into Africa and the New World. larvae of the new species have been collected from seabird nests where they probably feed on seaweed. Eleven genera are synonymized withErechthiasand three new synonymies established within the genus.
Cladistic and phenetic estimates of relationship among genera of eupomphine blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: PINTO JOHN D.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The Eupomphina includes seven distinctive genera of Meloidae from the arid and semiarid zones of North America. Cladistic and phenetic estimates of relationship among genera are analysed and discussed. Both adult and larval characters are used, and the relative contribution of each to the classification of the subtribe is examined. Generic keys to adults and first instar larvae are included.
A taxonomic and biological review of the tetramoriine ant genus Rhoptromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: BOLTON BARRY
Published: January 2008

Available data on the tetramoriine ant genusRhoptromyrmexMayr are reviewed. The genus is redefined for all castes and the monotypic genusHagioxenusForel, formerly placed in theMonomorium‐group, is synonymized withRhoptromyrmex. Anew species(caritus)is described from Uganda and keys to known workers, females and males are presented. Nest founding by the females, two of which appear autoparasitic and two of which are inquilines, is discussed and the evolutionary pathway of inquilines reviewed. Current taxonomic data on all species are summarized.
Larval structures of oxytorines and their significance for the higher classification of some Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: WAHL DAVID B.
Published: January 2008

The phylogenetic relationships of the Acaenitinae, Oxy‐torinae, and some of their component taxa, especially Cylloceria and Microleptes, are considered in light of new data from larval morphology. The Acaenitinae and Oxytorinae are sister‐groups; the enigmatic oxytorine genus Microleptes is analysed with regard to its larval characters and is placed in to its own subfamily, the Microleptinae. The possibility that the Oxytorinae may be paraphyletic with respect to the Orthocentrinae is discussed. Re‐examination of original slide mounts of last‐instar larval remains has revealed errors in past studies; all previously published material, and several taxa whose larvae were hitherto unknown, are figured.
Revision of the Palaearctic species of the Helophorus minutus group (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with chromosome analysis and hybridization experiments
Authors: ANGUS R. B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Investigation of the chromosomes has revealed a Helophorus species from Central and Eastern Europe, and West Siberia, here described as H.paraminutus sp.n., which often closely resembles minutus F., though some specimens are larger and resemble lapponicus Thomson. The chromosomes of paraminutus are clearly distinct from those of minutus but closely resemble those of lapponicus. In the laboratory first generation hybrids were obtained between minutus and paraminutus, lapponicus and paraminutus, and lapponicus and minutus, but in no case was it possible to breed from these hybrids. Thus there can be no doubt that these three species are distinct. Recognition of paraminutus as a distinct species, despite the fact that study of its morphology alone could suggest introgressive hybridization between lapponicus and minutus, requires the recognition of limbatus Motschulsky as a species separate from H. lapponicus and necessitates the revision of the Helophorus minutus group of species which, as here defined, includes minutus, paraminutus, hilaris Sharp, lapponicus, limbatus, mervensis Semenov, rinki Angus, fulgidicol‐lis Motschulsky and asturiensis Kuwert. Types and synonymies are discussed, and a key to these species given. Two old, imperfectly known, names are discussed to clear them from the synonymy: granulans var. rufipennis Hubenthal is identified as brevipalpis Bedel, and a lectotype designated; H. griseus var. lateralis Dalla Torre is left as incertae sedis and is classed as a nomen oblitum.
Phylogeny and systematics of the Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)
Authors: SCHOLTZ C. H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.A cladistic analysis of the Trogidae using eighteen adult characters resulted in a monophyletic group from which the generaGlaresisErichson,AfroglaresisPetrovitz andCryptogeniusWestwood are excluded. The Trogidae as here defined comprises three genera,TroxFabricius (with two subgenera,TroxandPhoberusMacleay),OmorgusErichson (with three subgenera,Omorgus, Afromorgussubg.n.andHaroldomorgussubg.n.)andPolynoncusBurmeister.
Parhadrestiinae, a new subfamily for Parhadrestia James and Cretaceogaster Teskey (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: WOODLEY NORMAN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A new subfamily of Stratiomyidae is proposed for Parhadrestia James and Cretaceogaster Teskey (fossil from Upper Cretaceous Canadian amber). Evidence is delimited that indicates that this subfamily is the sister‐group to all other known stratiomyids. Taxa in the subfamily are systematically described, including a new species, Parhadrestia curico, from Chile.
The braconid genus Alysia (Hymenoptera): a description of the subgenera and a revision of the subgenus Alysia
Authors: WHARTON ROBERT A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The forty‐two species included inAlysiaare divided into two subgenera based on the shape of the ovipositor. Four species‐groups are proposed forAlysia (Alysia)and three forAlysia (Anarcha).The species of the subgenusAlysiaare revised, with emphasis on the Nearctic fauna, and eleven new species are described. Seven new synonyms and ten new combinations are proposed.Epidistais transferred from synonymy underAlysiato synonymy underTanycarpa.A new nameGnathopleura quadridentatanom.n. is proposed forG.nigripennis(Brues), a junior secondary homonym ofG.nigripennis(Thomson).
Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests:feisthameligroup systematics (Carabidae)
Authors: ERWIN TERRY L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.This paper is the sixth in a series designed to cover taxonomically all species groups ofAgra, whose cumulative ranges extend from southernmost Texas to northernmost Argentina. Thefeisthameli, mixta, virgataandohausigroups constitute theFeisthameliSection of the genus. Thefeisthameligroup consists of seventeen species which have a composite range extending from Guatemala to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil.

Among this group, nine new species are described from the following type localities:chapada(BRAZIL, Chapada de GuimaráTes),phite(BOLIVIA, Provencia de Gutierrez),para(BRAZIL, Pará),rubra(BRAZIL, Para, SáTo Félix do Xingu),dation(BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Teófilo Otoni),tuitis(PERU, San Martin, Tarapoto),memnon(BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, SáTo Mateus),lata(BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz),magdalena(COLOMBIA, Santander). A dot map illustrates the range of each taxon.

Distribution and relationships are discussed in general, but detailed cladistic analysis is deferred until taxonomy of other sections is completed. Species distributions correspond in part to pleistocene refuges suggested by other authors based on other classes of organisms; however, more species occur outside such centres than in them.
Ononis, a new genus from Central America, with an analysis of its phylogenetic placement in the tribe Euphorini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: SHAW SCOTT RICHARD
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the euphorine braconid tribes Perilitini, Dinocampini and Euphorini was conducted to determine the correct placement of the eximius Muesebeck species‐group, which has formerly been placed in Perilitus Nees. Results indicate that the eximius‐gxoxvp cannot be validly assigned to Perilitus, rather, it should be assigned to a new genus in the tribe Euphorini. Ononis gen.n. is described to include O.eximius (Muesebeck) comb.n. and O.masoni sp.n.
The family and subfamily classification and New Zealand genera of Pythidae and Scraptiidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: WATT J. CHARLES
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The family Pythidae is defined on adult and larval characters to include the subfamilies Pythinae and PllipalPlnae.Trachelostenidaestat.n. is excluded. Relationships of Pythidae, Boridae, Trictenotomidae and SalPlngidae (s.l.) are analysed. Strong resemblances between some PllipalPlnae and Pyrochroidae appear to have arisen through convergent evolution. Adults and larvae of the New Zealand generaTechmessa, TechmessodesandExocalopusare described. In Scraptiidae, adults of the New Zealand generaNothotelusandPhytilea, and the larva ofNothotelus, are described. Type data are given for all described New Zealand species of these families. The followingnew synonymiesare established: PllipalPlnae (Abdullah, 1964)=Techmessinae Paulus, 1971.Exocalopus pectinatusBroun, 1893=nitidicepsBroun, 1910.Techmessa concolorBates, 1874=attenuataBroun, 1893=rugicollisBroun, 1910=unicolorPaulus, 1971.Techmessa telephoroidesBates, 1874=variansBroun, 1893.Techmessodes Plcticornis(Broun, 1880)=distans(Sharp, 1882).Techmessodes versicolorBroun, 1893=cephalotesBroun, 1910. The following genera are reassigned to the families indicated:Ischyomiusto Trictenotomidae (from Pythidae or Melandryidae).Phytileato Scraptiidae (from Oedemeridae or Anthicidae).Pseudanancato Aderidae (from Oedemeridae).Scraptogetus(=Metasclera) to Aderidae (from Scraptiidae, Oedemeridae or Anthicidae).
Revision of the braconid genusPhysaraiaShenefelt (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)
Authors: DONALDSON J. S.
Published: January 2008

The genusPhysaraiaShenefelt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is revised to include twenty‐two species: twenty entirely Afrotropical; one Afrotropical and Palaearctic, and one Indo‐Australian. Eleven species,achterbergi, aporia, empeyi, fanitalis, laticlavia, lundi, nana, nigricephala, sarisa, simplexandsolanicolaare described as new, and eight established species,bilobata(Cameron),capensis(Enderlein),caudata(Szépligeti),excisa(Szépligeti),furcata(Guérin‐Méneville),melanocera(Cameron),sulphurea(Szépligeti) andsumatrana(Enderlein) are redescribed.P. longiseta(Szépligeti) is synonymized withP. furcataandP. caudatavar.bimaculata(Fahringer) andP. trimaculata(Cameron) are synonymized withP. bilobata, P. furcatavar.fasciativentris(Enderlein) is considered to be synonymous with the type species.
A morphological and taxonomic study of first instar larvae of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: O'DONNELL D. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract The morphology and taxonomy of first instar larvae of twenty‐five species from eleven genera of primary aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) were examined. A detailed comparative study of the external morphology of aphidiine larvae was carried out, using SEM and phase contrast microscopy, in which many new characters were discovered. Theories concerning the possible functions of various structures are discussed.

Descriptions of the first instars of the genera examined and keys for their identification are included.

The clsssification of Aphidiinae, based on larval characters, was examined using multivariate analysis. This showed that Aphidius, Diareretiella, Lysiphlebus and Pauesia are very similar to each other and have how percentage similarity values to other Aphidiinae. Ephedrus and Praon, however, show great similarity to each other. These results contradict the classification based on adult characters, proposed by Mackauer (1968). Evidence to support full generic status for Falciconus, Binodoxys and Trioxys in proposed.
A 28s ribosomal RNA phylogeny of certain cyclorrhaphous Diptera based upon a hypervariable region
Authors: VOSSBRINCK CHARLES R. , FRIEDMAN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract The method of primer extension dideoxy ribosomal RNA sequencing coupled with maximum parsimony analysis was used to obtain partial 28s rRNA sequences of a variety of calyptrate and acalyptrate Diptera with which to establish a possible genealogy of these organisms. Analysis of the data shows the calyptrates to be more closely related to the drosophiloids than to the tephritoids. Thus, the acalyptrates are a paraphyletic group. The analyses also establish the oestroid character of the gasterophilids and the status of the fanniids as a family or higher taxon.
A review of Scymnodes Blackburn, with the description of a new Australian species and its larva (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: POPE R. D. , LAWRENCE J. F.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The genus Scymnodes is reviewed both taxonomically and biologically, and its nineteen constituent species placed into two subgenera. S.(Dolinus) Weise is made a subjective synonym of S. (Scymnodes) Blackburn, S.(Apolinus) is proposed as a new name for Platyomus Mulsant (nee Schoenherr) and Rhynchortalia wallacei Crotch is transferred to S. (Scymnodes) as a new combination. S.(S.)bellus, sp.n. is described. Its larva is also described and comparisons made with those of S.(A.)lividigaster and the platynaspine Phymatosternus lewisi (Crotch). Comments are made on the habits of the S.(S.)bellus larva, which was observed to feed on ants.
Morphological variation in Gyrinus sericeolimbatus Rég. in New Guinea and description of a new Gyrinus species (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae)
Authors: SVENSSON BO W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Samples of Gyrinus sericeolimbatus from twenty‐six localities in New Guinea vary greatly in metric body characters as well as in elytral reticulation patterns. The variation is smaller within than between populations. Although the characters of adjacent populations are usually similar, certain proximate populations exhibit significant differences, probably resulting from some kind of dispersal barrier. Similarities between populations at comparable latitudes suggest that some of the morphological variation is altitude‐related. In addition, evidence is found for habitat‐related morphological differentiation. Changes in phenotypes in response to possible environmental factors in ontogeny and constraints imposed by various selection pressures are discussed.

A new species, G.brincki sp.n., from western New Guinea is described.
Revision of the genus Psalitrus d'Orchymont from Southern India and Sri Lanka (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Omicrini)
Authors: BAMEUL FRANCK
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Eight new species ofPsalitrusare described:P.besucheti, P.coccinelloides, P.decoratusandP.silvestrisfrom Southern India andP.loebli, P.mahanuwara, P.serendibensisandP.veddhafrom Sri Lanka. The twoPsalitrusknown previously from India,P.championiandP.fallax, are redescribed and lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated. For each species the aedeagus and female ectodermal genitalia are figured. For the first time among Hydrophiloidea species characters have been found in female ectodermal genitalia, thanks to staining with chlorazol black dye. The best biometric characters are selected by multiple‐discriminant analysis and an identification key is given. A list of the knownPsalitrusspecies is given.
Review and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of the Pyralidae (sensu stricto) (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)
Authors: SOLIS M. ALMA , MITTER C.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The morphological evidence on the monophyly of the subfamilies of the Pyralidaesensu strictois reviewed, and a phylogeny is proposed for the Pyralidae. New autapomorphies are proposed for the monophyly of the Phycitinae, Pyralinae and Epipaschiinae. The phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the Phycitinae and Epipaschiinae, a sister group relationship of the Pyralinae to the phycitine + epipaschiine clade. The galleriines and chrysaugines occupy basally unresolved positions.
Phylogenetic relations among the South American thynnine tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera)
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships among the South American thynnine tiphiids are analysed, using previously unused characters from the female head, male and female terminalia, mouthparts and thorax. A new tribe, Scotaenini, is proposed to include the South American genera: Scotaena, Anodontyra, Pseudelaphroptera, Parelaphroptera, Glottynoides, Glottynnus, Rostrynnus and Ornepetes. One genus, Aelurus, is the only neotropical representative of the tribe Rhagigasterini. The remaining South American genera belong to the Thynnini. In addition, keys to and a synonymic checklist of the South American genera are included. One specific synonymy (Anodontyra interrupta Duran 1941 with A.tricolor Westwood 1835), and one generic synonymy (Pseudornepetes Duran 1941 with Pseudelaphroptera Ashmead 1903) are proposed. Telephoromyia exsecta Turner is newly transferred to Spilothynnus.
A revision of AfrotropicalAgabusLeach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists
Authors: NILSSON ANDERS N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The thirteen species ofAgabusLeach, 1817, of the Afrotropical Region are revised and classified into four species groups: the dibasicambulator‐group endemic to Ethiopia,ragazzii‐group with five species in Ethiopia,raffrayi‐group with five species in East and South Africa, andA.discicollisAncey, 1882, endemic to Ethiopia, is placed in the Nearcticcordatus‐group.Agabus perssonisp.n. andAgabus galamensissp.n. are described from the highlands of Ethiopia.Agabus ruwenzoricusGuignot, 1936, stat.n. is given specific rank.Agabus ferrugatusRégimbart, 1905, is synonymized withAgabus ragazziiRégimbart, 1887, andAgabus limbicollisRégimbart, 1905, is synonymized withAgabus raffrayiSharp, 1882, syn.n. Lectotypes are designated for the following nominal species:Agabus discicollisAncey, 1882,Agabus raffrayiSharp, 1882,Agabus limbicollisRégimbart, 1905,Agabus pallidusOmer‐Cooper, 1931,Agabus ruwenzoricusGuignot, 1936,Agabus sjostedtiRégimbart, 1908,Agabus dytiscoidesRégimbart, 1908,Agabus ragazziiRégimbart, 1887,Agabus ferrugatusRégimbart, 1905, andGaurodytes abessinicusZimmermann, 1928. Reconstructed phylogenies are presented for theraffrayi‐andragazzii‐groups. The following adaptations to tropicoalpine habitats are suggested: (1) body and especially pronotum narrow, (2) head broad anteriorly, (3) hindwing small, and (4) hind leg long and slender. Biogeography and evolution of the studied species are discussed. Four different invasions of Holarctic lineages to the East African mountains are suggested. Recurrent periods of cold and dry climate are considered the chief driving force in the evolution of high altitude super specialists.
Higher classification of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae, Dolichoderinae and Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK STEVEN O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. An analysis of the cladistic relationships among the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae, Dolichoderinae and Formicinae demonstrates the monophyly of these three subfamilies, and places Dolichoderinae and Formicinae as sister groups. This latter result differs from most previous studies which consider Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae as sister groups.
A new genus of taeniapterine Micropezidae (Diptera) from the Mascarene Islands
Authors: BARRACLOUGH D. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Courtoisia, a new genus of rarely encountered taeniapterine Micropezidae (Diptera), is described from the Mascarene Islands of Réunion and Mauritius. The affinities of Courtoisia with other Old World genera of Taeniap‐terinae, most notably those from the Afrotropical Region, are discussed. A possible derivation of Courtoisia from ancestral stock of the African genus Cephalosphen Hennig, 1934 is suggested. A tentative theory to explain the dispersal of a founder population from Africa to the Mascarene Islands is discussed. Courtoisia was erected to accommodate Calobata apicalis and C.trinotata, both described from Réunion by Macquart in 1851. Both species are redescribed on the basis of all available material and a lectotype is designated for Calobata trinotata. A key to the species of Courtoisia is presented.
Chemistry and morphology of the tergal gland of freeliving adult Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its phylogenetic significance
Authors: STEIDLE JOHANNES L. M. , DETTNER KONRAD
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Morphology and chemistry of the tergal gland, an abdominal defensive gland of the Staphylinidae subfamily Aleocharinae, is studied comparatively in twenty‐two species of ten Central European tribes. To determine trends in the morphological evolution of the tergal gland the results are compared with well‐known evolutionary trends of gland systems of other insects. The possible chemical evolution of the gland secretion is proposed by considering the biosynthesis of the different secretion compounds and by testing their biological efficiency on Calliphora larvae (irritancy, mortality). The morphological evolution probably proceeded from a small reservoir with only a few glandular cells D1 (primitive) to a large and bilobed reservoir with a great number of glandular cells D1 (advanced). In the chemistry of the quinone‐containing gland secretion, long‐chain fatty acids as solvents in primitive species were probably replaced by short‐chain fatty acids (derived condition). Most advanced species also use hydrocarbons and aldehydes as solvents. With reference to these results, both a statistical (Jaccard‐coefficient) and a cladistic analysis are performed to test previous ideas on the phylogeny of the Aleocharinae.
Superfamily Membracoidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). I. Introduction and revised classification with new family‐group taxa
Authors: DEITZ LEWIS L. , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.A key and descriptions are given for the four families here recognized for the superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815: Cicadellidae Latreille, 1825 (sensuOmanet al., 1990), Melizoderidae,fam.n., Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850 redefined here), and Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815 (redefined here). The following placements are corroborated: Cicadelloidea Latreille, 1825, is a junior synonym of Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815; Biturritiidae Metcalf, 1951, is a junior synonym of Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850; Nicomiidae Haupt, 1929, is a junior synonym of Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815. The new family Melizoderidae includes two genera: Melizoderes Spinola and Llanquihuea Linnavuori & DeLong. Within Aetalionidae, the subfamily Biturritiinae is redefined to include only five genera. Within the family Membracidae, the subfamily Endoiastinae,subfam.n., is described; the subfamilies Centronodinae Deitz, 1975,status n.(with tribe Centronodini Deitz, 1975, including the genus ParacentronodusSakakibara, 1971,new Placement), and Centrodontinae Deitz, 1975,status n.(with tribe Centrodontini Deitz, 1975), are recognized for the first time; and the following groups are redefined: subfamilies Stegaspidinae Haupt, 1929, Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929, and Membracinae Rafinesque, 1815; and tribe Stegaspidini Haupt, 1929 (Stegaspidinae). The new subfamily Endoiastinae includes three genera:EndoiastusFowler,ScytodepsaStål, andStictodepsaStål.Endoiastus productusOsborn, 1922, is placed as a junior synonym ofStictodepsa neotropicalisKirkaldy, 1909,syn.n.Lectotypes are designated and illustrated forTettigonia muscariaFabricius, 1803 (nowLophyraspis muscaria) andCicada fuscataFabricius, 1803 (nowStictodepsa neotropicalisKirkaldy, 1909).
Superfamily Membracoidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). II. Cladistic analysis and conclusions
Authors: DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , DEITZ LEWIS L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Homologies among traditional morphological characters in the Membracoidea (sensu lato) are reassessed and the phylogenetic relationships among higher membracoid taxa are explored, incorporating new morphological evidence from nymphs and adults. Weighted and unweighted parsimony analyses of a matrix of sixty–three characters and thirty‐nine OTUs representing the families Aetalionidae, Cicadellidae, Melizoderidae and Membracidae, and an outgroup (superfamily Cercopoidea) yielded various topologies that were largely congruent but presented alternative hypotheses of relationships among the Membracidae. These analyses indicate that the superfamily consists of the following clades: Cicadellidae + (Melizoderidae + (Aetalionidae + Membracidae)). The family Membracidae, traditionally characterized by the presence of a posterior pronotal process, apparently gave rise to Nicomia Stål and other genera that lack this process.
A cladistic analysis of wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae)
Authors: QIN TING‐KUI , GULLAN PENNY J.
Published: January 2008

Seven genera of wax scales (Ceroplastinae) have been accepted as valid by some or all coecidologists:CeroplastesGray,CeroplastidiaCockerell,CerostegiaDe Lotto,GascardiaTargioni Tozzetti,ParacerostegiaTang,VinsoniaSignoret andWaxiellaDe Lotto. The status of most these genera is controversial. The present study reviews the taxonomic history of wax scales and presents a new classification based on cladistic analysis of morphological data from the adult females of eighty‐three species. The analysis indicates that the wax scales form a monophyletic group, thatWaxiellais monophyletic but thatCeroplastidia, GascardiaandVinsoniaare not, and fails to support the generic status ofCerostegiaandParacerostegia.Apart from the type species ofVinsonia, which was placed as a sister to the rest of wax scales, the only other species assigned toVinsoniaand most species of all other genera fall withinCeroplastesin the cladogram. Recognition of any of these genera rendersCeroplastesparaphyletic or polyphyletic. Thus, cladistically, the wax scales should be classified into one genus,Ceroplastes.
STUDIES ON THE LOCALIZATION, FUNCTION, AND FORMATION OF THE CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF A STRAIN OF MYCOBACTBRIUM MARINUM
Authors: Mathews M. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Aninvestigation was made of the location, function and characteristics of production of carotenoid pigments of a strain of Mycobacterium marinum, an organism which produces its pigments only when exposed to light.

It was found that light‐grown cells of this organism contain only one pigment. The intracellular location of this pigment was found to be the cell envelope. The pigment was found to be capable of protecting the cells against lethal photo‐oxidations mediated by the dye, toluidine blue.

These studies also revealed that in dark‐grown cells exposed to light, pigment production occurred after a short lag and then remained constant during logarithmic growth. Pigment was produced by starved cells, but to a lesser degree than son‐starved cells; the addition of a carbon or nitrogen source to starved cells increased pigmentation to the level in non‐starved cells. Pigmentation did not occur in the absence of oxygen. Cells exposed to light at 4°C were not pigmented immediately after exposure, but became so if incubated at 30°C. Production of pigment was found to obey the Bunsen‐Roscoe reciprocity law. The determination of an action spectrum for the production of pigment indicates that maximum pigment productiion occurs in the vicinity of 410 and 439 mµ, with smaller maxima in the vicinity of 502, 528 and 560 mµ.
THE INACTIVATION OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AT DIFFERENT WAVE‐LENGTHS
Authors: Kleczkowski A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Although both thymine and uracil can form similar dimers, exposing RNA of tobacco mosaic virus lo ultraviolet radiation of different wavelengths did not reproduce any of the phenomena that implicate dimerization of thymine residues as a major cause of the inactivation of a bacterial transforming DNA. If uracil residues dimerize at all in the irradiated RNA, such dimerization either does not affect infectivity or is not photoreversible in the same way as dirnerization of thymine residues in DNA. Unlike inactivation of the transforming DNA, inactivation of the virus‐RNA seems to be a function of the amount of absorbed radiation energy, irrespective of the wave‐length within the range 285 to 230 mμ and irrespective of a change in the wave‐length during irradiation.
THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THYMINE AND BROMOURACIL IN VIVO
Authors: Smith Kendric C.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A study of the relative sensitivity of bromouracil and thymine to photochemical alteration (2537Å) when incorporated into the DNA of bacterial cells has led to the conclusion that bromouracil is about twice as reactive as thymine. This offers a chemical basis for the sensitization of bacteria to ultraviolet light by incorporated bromouracil.

Bromouracil forms at least five photoproducts in vivo. The relative proportions of these several photoproducts is significantly different in E. coli B/r and Enterococcus Stei. Uracil is the chief photoproduct of bromouracil in Enterococcus Stei but in E. coli B/r the major photo‐product (which is a minor product in Enrerococcus Stei) is as yet unidentified.

Preliminary data on the five to nine decomposition products of the dimer of bromouracil and the mixed dimer of uracil and bromouracil (produced in irradiated frozen solution) have suggested a tentative explanation for the differences in products in the two organisms. The results for Enterococcus Stei appear consistent with the asumption that the major photo‐product of bromouracil is the dimer and this then decomposes to yield mainly uracil (as it does in vitro). E. coli B/r takes up less bromouracil and the photoproducts formed resemble more closely those found for the in vitro decomposition of the bromouracil‐uracil dimer. These results suggest that the primary photoproduct of bromouracil in E. coli B/r may be either a mixed dirner (intrastrand) with cytosine (with the subsequent deamination of the cytosine) or an interstrand crosslink with either bromouracil or cytosine.

Thymine forms at least four photoproducts other than the dimer. Two of these photoproducts are significantly elevated in that portion of the bacterial DNA that is rendered non‐extractable by detergent after ultraviolet irradiation (remains associated with protein) and are also found in irradiated poly‐dAT.

From the rate of formation of thymine dimers in irradiated (2537Å) E. coli B/r it can be calculated that approximately 1 erg/mm2 produces one thymine dimer.
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE EARLY THYMINELESS DEATH OCCURRING AFTER ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI B3
Authors: Painter Robert B. , Rasmussen Ronald E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Exposure of the thymine requiring bacterium Escherichia coli strain B3 to ultraviolet light (u.v.) prior to incubation in the absence of thymine shortens the lag period normally observed before the onset of death due to lack of thymine. Culture conditions promoting synthesis of new kinds of enzymes at the time of thymineless challenge after u.v. irradiation enhance this effect. The effect can be reversed either by the addition of thymine or photo‐reactivation. Possible mechanisms for these phenomena are discussed.
ISOLEMENT ET ACTIVITÉ DE PARTICULES CHLOROPLASTIQUES CORRESPONDANT AUX DEUX SYSTÈMES PHOTOCHIMIQUES
Authors: Briantais Jean‐Marie
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Fractionation of the photosynthetic apparatus was performed in detergent‐treated chloroplasts. The study in each fraction of: 1–light‐induced oxygen exchanges and fluorescence transients, and 2–the pigment content, shows that a separation of the two photochemical systems was obtained. A possible correlation between the modifications of the transient kinetics of system II particles and their isolation is discussed.
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE OF TRIPLET STATES AND FREE RADICALS APPEARING IN PORPHYRINS, AROMATIC AMINO‐ACIDS AND PROTEINS UNDER THE EFFECT OF LIGHT
Authors: Azizova O. A. , Gribova Z. P. , Kayushin L. P. , Pulatova M. K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the triplet excited state of solutions of a series of porphyrins and aromatic amino‐acids has been studied at 77°K. It has been shown that for some of the compounds it is possible to observe EPR for transitions with δM=±1, ±2.

It has been shown that photoreactions in solid solutions of porphyrins and aromatic amino‐acids proceed through the triplet excited state.

Reactions of photosensitized deamination of aliphatic amino‐acids in solid aqueous solutions at 77°K by aromatic compounds have been studied.
DYE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOÖXIDATION OF OVALBUMIN*
Authors: Bellin Judith S. , Entner Gail
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The dye‐sensitized photodegradation of ovalbumin is shown to involve the reduction of light‐excited dye molecules by the substrate. The photodynamic denaturation of ovalbumin, therefore, results both from attack by ‘dye‐peroxide’ molecules (as is the case when the substrate can not act as a photoreductant) and from attack by OH radicals which are generated by re‐oxidation in the dark of the photoreduced dye molecules. Cysteine, histidine, methionhe, tyrosineand tryptophan can act as photoreductants formethylene blue, thionine and proflavine. Photodynamic denaturation of ovalbumin results in a decrease in solubility of the protein at its isoelectric point, and changes its immunological reactivity.
REVERSIBLE LIGHT‐TNDUCED SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL AND HYDROQUINONE IN SOLUTION*
Authors: Banerjee A. K. , Tollin Gordon
Published: January 2008

Abstract— EPR and optical studies demonstrate the occurrence of reversible temperature‐independent light‐induced single electron transfer reactions between chlorophyll (and pheophytin) and hydroquinone in degassed ethanol solutions. Oxygen is shown to quench this process, presumably by interacting with chlorophyll excited states. Pyridine and isoquino‐line increase the effectiveness of the hydroquinone as an electron donor to chlorophyll, probably by acting as bases to form hydroquinone anions (or perhaps ion‐pairs) which are more easily oxidized. Hydroquinone is found to be more effective in electron transfer than is benzoquinone, suggesting that the chlorophyll excited state is a better oxidizing agent than it is a reducing agent.
SENSITIZATION OF PHOTOREACTIONS IN EIMHJELLEN'S RHODOPSEUDOMONAS BY A PIGMENT ABSORBING AT 830 mμ*
Authors: Olson John M. , Clayton Roderick K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The excitation spectrum for bacteriochlorophyll b fluorescence, the action spectrum for cytochrome‐553 oxidation, and the action spectrum for P‐985 bleaching are compared to the absorption (1‐T) spectrum of a Rhodopseudomonas sp. NHTC 133 extract over the range 770 to 930 mμ. These spectra show that a minor pigment P‐830 is more effective in sensitizing cytochrome oxidation and P‐985 bleaching than in exciting fluorescence of Bchl b. These results are consistent with the proposal that P‐830 is a form of Bchl b in special relation to the reaction center pigment P‐985.
QUALITATIVE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR PHOTOLYSE EINFACHER DIPEPTIDE
Authors: Leuschner G. , Jeschkeit H. , Losse G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The photolyses of eight chromatographical pure dipeptides were studied. They were irradiated by the total spectrum of a high pressure mercury lamp. The resulting products were separated by electrophoresis and identified by paper chromatography. It was found that the carbonyl group of the N‐terminal amino acid was eliminated in a dipeptide; an amine and an amino acid were found as primary products. This reaction is accompanied by a second reaction, the decarboxylation of the C‐terminal amino acid. Possible mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.