bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Intelligent Financial System Based on Adaptive Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhaozhe , Ahmad Shahbaz
Published: August 2024

The high-frequency trading system in the financial domain has long been a focal point of investigation. This study posits an intelligent financial system design framework predicated on a cross-adaptive self-entropy projection clustering model, aimed at enhancing the efficacy of high-frequency trading systems. A composite distribution model of financial data is formulated to derive sequences of financial data activities. And cross-adaptive learning algorithm is employed to ascertain the interrelated attributes of financial data. Following this, the support vector machine algorithm is applied for the classification processing of these interrelated features, yielding a set of financial data feature vectors, which are then fed into the gray correlation-based information feature extraction model. Through extensive empirical evaluations with authentic trading data, the proposed intelligent financial system design framework exhibits commendable performance, furnishing a viable solution for the intelligent optimization of high-frequency trading systems.
A Study of Precipitation Inversion in Xinjiang Region Based on FY-4A and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Li Jiang , Li Aqiao , Li Andrew
Published: August 2024

To compensate for the fact meteorological observation stations in Xinjiang are sparse, and spatial and temporal resolution of precipitation monitoring is insufficient in existing studies, in this study the authors proposed a precipitation inversion model that is based on infrared observation data from the Fengyun-4A satellite and the machine learning method. By combining multichannel satellite remote sensing data with ground meteorological observations, they constructed various machine learning models, such as deep forest, random forest, LightGBMs (light gradient-boosting machines), and XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting), using root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and the coefficient of determination to evaluate and compare the model performance. The trained deep forest model was used to invert the precipitation in Xinjiang from June to August2023. The results show that the machine learning method is effective in exploiting the nonlinear relationship between the satellite observation features and the ground precipitation, and the inversion results are in good agreement with the ground observation data. Among these models, the deep forest model performs best in daytime conditions, and LightGBM is slightly better in nighttime conditions.
Leader Narcissism and Employee Knowledge Management Behavior
Authors: Zheng Ruyi , Chen Gary , Li Jie
Published: August 2024

The current literature is becoming increasingly interested in employee management behavior. In this article, we focus on how leader narcissism affects employees' knowledge management behavior, including knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, and knowledge manipulation. The questionnaire was administered to 260 employees in mainland China to test our hypothesis. Results showed that leader narcissism is significantly related to employee knowledge management behaviors. Specifically, leader narcissism is negatively related to employee knowledge sharing, and is positively related to employee knowledge hiding and manipulating. Employee trust in management mediates these relationships, and power distance orientation moderates the relationship between leader narcissism and employees' trust in management. Our study discusses theoretical and practical implications.
Predictability of varicocele repair success: preliminary results of a machine learning-based approach
Authors: Crafa Andrea , Russo Marco , Cannarella Rossella , Gül Murat , Compagnone Michele , Mongioì Laura M , Cannarella Vittorio , Condorelli Rosita A , Vignera Sandro La , Calogero Aldo E
Published: August 2024

Varicocele is a prevalent condition in the infertile male population. However, to date, which patients may benefit most from varicocele repair is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether certain preintervention sperm parameters are predictive of successful varicocele repair, defined as an improvement in total motile sperm count (TMSC). We performed a retrospective study on 111 patients with varicocele who had undergone varicocele repair, collected from the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, University of Catania (Catania, Italy), and the Unit of Urology at the Selcuk University School of Medicine (Konya, Türkiye). The predictive analysis was conducted through the use of the Brain Project, an innovative tool that allows a complete and totally unbiased search of mathematical expressions that relate the object of study to the various parameters available. Varicocele repair was considered successful when TMSC increased by at least 50% of the preintervention value. For patients with preintervention TMSC below 5 × 106, improvement was considered clinically relevant when the increase exceeded 50% and the absolute TMSC value was >5 × 106. From the preintervention TMSC alone, we found a model that predicts patients who appear to benefit little from varicocele repair with a sensitivity of 50.0% and a specificity of 81.8%. Varicocele grade and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels did not play a predictive role, but it should be noted that all patients enrolled in this study were selected with intermediate- or high-grade varicocele and normal FSH levels. In conclusion, preintervention TMSC is predictive of the success of varicocele repair in terms of TMSC improvement in patients with intermediate- or high-grade varicoceles and normal FSH levels.
The role of endogenous testosterone in relationship with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Serafin Emanuele , Brusa Davide , Costantino Sonia , Brancelli Claudio , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro
Published: August 2024

An enduring debate in research revolves around the association between elevated endogenous testosterone levels and prostate cancer. This systematic review is intended to assess the present understanding of the role of endogenous testosterone in the diagnosis and treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Our search strategy was the following: (endogenous testosterone) AND (((low risk) OR (intermediate risk)) AND ((diagnosis) OR (treatment))) AND (prostate cancer); that was applied to PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify pertinent articles. Two investigators performed an independent selection following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The preliminary investigation detected 105 records, and 81 records remained after eliminating duplicates. Following the review of titles and abstracts, 71 articles were excluded. A comprehensive examination of the full text was conducted for 10 articles, excluding 3 of them. After revising the references of eligible articles, other 3 articles were included. We finally identified 10 suitable studies, including three main topics: (1) association between endogenous testosterone and European Association of Urology (EAU) risk classes; (2) association between endogenous testosterone density and the tumor load; and (3) association of endogenous testosterone with tumor upgrading and tumor upstaging. Actual literature about the impact of endogenous testosterone on low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer is not numerous, but appears to be still conflicting. More investigations are needed to increase the consistency of the literature’s results.
Central precocious puberty should be taken seriously in children with Leydig cell tumors of the testis after surgical treatment: a tertiary center experience
Authors: Liu Pei , Li Zong-Han , Song Hong-Cheng , Gong Chun-Xiu , Zhang Wei-Ping
Published: August 2024

Central precocious puberty secondary to Leydig cell tumors is rare in children. We retrospectively analyzed the mid- to long-term follow-up data of patients with Leydig cell tumors. The clinical data of 12 consecutive patients who were treated at Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China), between January 2016 and October 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical evaluations, including physical examination, hormone examination, serum tumor marker analysis, abdominal and scrotal ultrasound, chest X-ray, and bone age measurement, were conducted before surgery and at follow-up time points. Surgical approaches were selected according to the individual conditions. Patients with an abnormal hormonal status and suspected of having central precocious puberty were referred to endocrinologists to confirm the diagnosis. Subsequently, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy was proposed. The mean patient age was 81.3 (range: 40–140) months at the time of the operation. Ten patients had peripheral precocious puberty at admission. All patients had elevated preoperative testosterone levels, whereas tumor marker levels were normal. Testis-sparing surgery was performed in eleven patients, and radical orchiectomy was performed in one patient. The follow-up duration (mean ± standard deviation) was 36.2 ± 25.3 months. Five patients had central precocious puberty, with a mean duration of 3.4 (range: 1–6) months postoperatively. Three patients were receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy, and good suppression of puberty was observed. No risk factors were found for secondary central precocious puberty. There was a high prevalence of central precocious puberty secondary to Leydig cell tumors in our study. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy has satisfactory treatment effects. Larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are needed in future studies.
The SPARC-related modular calcium binding 1 (Smoc1) regulated by androgen is required for mouse gubernaculum development and testicular descent
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Yi , Siow Yong , Liu Ling-Yun , Li Xian , Wang Hong-Liang , Lei Zhen-Min
Published: August 2024

Testicular descent occurs in two consecutive stages: the transabdominal stage and the inguinoscrotal stage. Androgens play a crucial role in the second stage by influencing the development of the gubernaculum, a structure that pulls the testis into the scrotum. However, the mechanisms of androgen actions underlying many of the processes associated with gubernaculum development have not been fully elucidated. To identify the androgen-regulated genes, we conducted large-scale gene expression analyses on the gubernaculum harvested from luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor knockout (Lhcgr KO) mice, an animal model of inguinoscrotal testis maldescent resulting from androgen deficiency. We found that the expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 1 (Smoc1) was the most severely suppressed at both the transcript and protein levels, while its expression was the most dramatically induced by testosterone administration in the gubernacula of Lhcgr KO mice. The upregulation of Smoc1 expression by testosterone was curtailed by the addition of an androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that SMOC1 modestly but significantly promoted the proliferation of gubernacular cells. In the cultures of myogenic differentiation medium, both testosterone and SMOC1 enhanced the expression of myogenic regulatory factors such as paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5). After short-interfering RNA-mediated knocking down of Smoc1, the expression of Pax7 and Myf5 diminished, and testosterone alone did not recover, but additional SMOC1 did. These observations indicate that SMOC1 is pivotal in mediating androgen action to regulate gubernaculum development during inguinoscrotal testicular descent.
Comparative quality analysis of marketed and traditionally prepared Ghrita and Ayurveda formulation Jeevanthyadi ghrita
Authors: Patil Santosh F. , Shetty Suhaskumar , Tejaswi S Poornachandra
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Ghee is an integral part of food and medicine in the Indian system of medicine. Recent and future market indicates the increasing demand for ghee. However, it comes with shadow of adulteration and substandard quality. This can ramify to Ayurveda domain and bring down the credibility of the health system.

OBJECTIVE:

Hence, we compared the quality of marketed and traditionally prepared ghee and also compared the preparedJeevanthyadi ghrita(JG) with them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Traditionally prepared ghee was procured from Madikeri, a small town in South Karnataka, India of a single breed cow Hallikar, reared in same farm. Highly marketed ghee sample was bought. Later, the traditionally prepared ghee was processed as JG as per Ayurveda classical reference. All three samples were subjected to FSSAI–AGMARK parameters.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

All the samples were well within the standard range prescribed by FSSAI. However, there were nonsignificant differences in fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid in all three samples. These variations could be due to seasonal, foliage provide to cow and method of preparation. Fortification of traditionally preparedghritawith Ayurveda herbs as JG showed no deviations of standard values even after successive heating.

CONCLUSION:

It was noteworthy that the market sample showed no adulteration. However, the marketed ghee is prepared from direct cream method and from pooled milk of different species, which raises concerns for processing Ayurvedaghritaif procured from the market.
Preparedness and perspectives on the competency-based medical education among faculties of a government medical college in Assam
Authors: Deka Chandana , Borah Pollov
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Medical education in a global context as well as in India has evolved over a period of time. Adaption of competency-based medical education (CBME) through adequate faculty training and stakeholder participation can bring about vast changes in the ways of teaching and learning medical science. To gain more insight into the preparedness and perspectives of the faculties regarding the newly introduced CBME in a government medical college which is also an NMC Regional Centre, this study has been conducted.

METHODOLOGY:

Faculties of Jorhat Medical College, Assam who gave consent to participate were taken up for the study. A questionnaire was prepared and circulated among the eligible faculties. Faculties who were unable to submit even after three visits were excluded from the study. The total duration of data collection was 2 months. A total of 87 responses had been documented.

RESULTS:

32.43% of the interviewed faculties had UG teaching experience of < 5 years, 67.56% more than 5 years, and 17.24% more than 20 years. 71.26% of the faculties have been trained in revised basic course workshops and 62.06% of the curriculum implementation support program. 62.06% of faculty members were able to both understand the concept and implement the CBME. Most of the faculties (65.51%) are of the opinion that having a separate logbook although highly feasible, it will be lowly acceptable. 80.45% of the faculties are of the opinion that early clinical exposure in Phase I will make the basic science curriculum more relevant. 66.67% of faculty views that around 1–3 years will be required for proper implementation of CBME.

CONCLUSIONS:

The majority of the faculty members in the study were prepared to take on the challenge of execution of CBME. They also had a positive perception of the change of the curriculum and the facelift given to it.
Effect of melatonin and β-endorphin interaction in splenocyte proliferation
Authors: Vishwas Dipanshu Kumar
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Opioids in the circulation interact with lymphocytes, suggesting a possible link between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

We examined the in vitro pattern of immunomodulatory effects (T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) by β-endorphin and melatonin, along with or without their respective receptor antagonists (naloxone and luzindole), on the splenocytes of boar golden hamsters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We performed the in vitro proliferation assay in terms of blastogenic response or percent stimulation ratio of the splenocyte culture. Cytokine determination for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), immunocytochemical localization, and Western blot analysis of melatonin receptor (MT1R) and opioid receptor (μOR) were also analyzed from splenocyte culture.

RESULTS:

Results suggested that splenocyte populations were targeted for the opioids that enhanced T-cell proliferation via the nonopiate receptor signaling pathway. Further, in vitro melatonin supplementation in splenocytes might be acting as an immunostimulator by increasing the level of cytokines (IL-6, IL-2, and IFN-γ) and its own melatonin MT1R membrane protein synthesis and downregulating μ-opioid receptor (μOR) expression, suggesting melatonin-induced-nociceptive or anti-stress effects.

CONCLUSION:

Our results concluded that the mechanism of the immunoproliferative response of splenocytes by the treatment of β-endorphin and melatonin significantly induced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the enhanced synthesis of melatonin MT1R and reduced opioid µΟR proteins. Melatonin also induced endorphin-like opioid peptide synthesis, which could mediate the fine-tuning of splenocyte proliferative responses along with analgesic effects. Thus, melatonin and β-endorphin together are fine-tuning the splenocyte proliferative responses.
Intensified mission indradhanush: Maternal awareness and service utilization in Krishna district, India
Authors: Pavani Tanneru Sai , Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Agiwal Varun
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

The most effective step for child survival is vaccination. The attitude and behavior of parents toward immunizing their children are closely correlated with their awareness of the risks and advantages of vaccination. Since parents are the ones who make decisions, raising their level of understanding is essential. Hence, the goal is to determine how well mothers are aware of the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) and to measure full immunization coverage among children under 2 years of age.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, for mothers whose children were under 2 years aged during the period September 2022–October 2022. Sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding IMI was collected through quantitative and semi-structured questionnaires answered by the mothers, and the immunization status of children was filled from Mother and Child Protection card. The KAP cutoff point was defined based on Bloom’s criteria.

RESULTS:

This study concluded that 154 (60.39%) children were fully covered from vaccination and 67 (26.67%) mothers were aware of IMI services. Mothers whose children were fully vaccinated had 59.22% good knowledge, 41.57% positive attitude, and 79.22% proper practice regarding immunization. Lack of awareness to mothers and child illnesses was found to be a major reason for partial vaccination.

CONCLUSION:

Efforts are required to strengthen information, education, and communication activities regarding the IMI program as relatively few participants had heard about it. The majority of them were aware of immunization services, although there was average immunization coverage. The findings of this study support the suggestions for routine evaluation and the requirement for raising public knowledge of both ongoing and new programs.
Congenital Myopathy Due to RyR1 Gene Mutation in a Newborn Masquerading as a Consequence of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Patial Yamini , Anand Rohit
Published: August 2024

Background:

Congenital myopathies may be a cause of prolonged and persistent hypotonia and weakness in a newborn, which may be overlooked as a neurological consequence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We report such a neonate which turned out to be a case of central core myopathy.

Clinical Description:

A female neonate born at 38 weeks of gestation suffered birth asphyxia and was referred at 25 days of life due to a persistent need for respiratory support. A review of history revealed that the mother had decreased fetal movements during the third trimester and polyhydramnios. On examination, the baby had a frog-like posture with a paucity of proximal movements with preserved distal movements. Considering the possibility of a congenital myopathy, investigations were carried out. The whole-exome sequencing revealed heterozygous nonsense variation in exon 20 of the RyR1 gene, thus diagnosing the infant as a case of congenital core myopathy.

Management and Outcome:

The baby was managed with supportive care including ventilatory and nutritional support. Baby remained ventilator dependent, but ultimately succumbed to complications by 2 months of age.

Conclusions:

A high index of suspicion is required in a newborn with birth asphyxia having unusually persistent hypotonia, thorough clinical examination and appropriate genetic testing can help in identifying an underlying congenital myopathy.
Prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetics: A cross-sectional hospital-based study
Authors: Bashorun Sedoten Dagbeyon , Balogun Bolanle Grace , Ibidapo Olajumoke , Bashorun Adedapo Olufemi
Published: August 2024

Aims and Objectives:

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition that affects the quality of life of may individuals. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of DED and identify potential risk factors in adult patients seeking care at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital., Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study that aimed to determine the prevalence of DED in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A total of 200 adult participants—100 with type 2 diabetes and 100 non-diabetic patients, were recruited into the study. A symptom screening standard patient evaluation for dryness questionnaire was administered and a fluorescein break-up time test was done to diagnose DED.

Results:

The mean age was 61.4 years (±11.7 SD) and most were females (146, 72.86%). Using the standard patient evaluation for dryness questionnaire, 87.31% of the study participants had symptom(s) of DED. The proportion of DED in diabetics was 63.95% while in the non-diabetics was 68.37%, and this was significantly higher in the non-diabetic group (proportion difference of 16.47%, P = 0.006).

The prevalence of DED as measured by the fluorescein break-up time was 55.81% (95% CI: 48.39–63.24). There was no significant difference in prevalence between diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased duration of diabetes and age were significant predictors of DED in diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of DED was high in our study population with increasing duration of diabetes in diabetics and older age in non-diabetics significantly associated with DED.
Vaginal endometrial stroma sarcoma: A case report of a rare disease
Authors: Nongo Benjamin Howe , Isah Dennis Anthony , Bawa Ahmed Abimiku , Adelowo Abdul Oluwasesan
Published: August 2024

Vaginal endometrial stromal sarcoma (VESS) arising in the vagina is an extremely rare extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma, Stroma Sarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only a few reported cases in the literature. Therefore, we herein report a case of VESS originating in the vagina. A 27-year-old woman complained of heavy and intermittent vaginal bleeding and abdominal swelling all of six months duration. A mass that was firm to hard in consistency was found in the middle and upper segments of the anterior, right lateral, and posterior fornices and wall of the vagina. An excisional biopsy was taken and the immunohistochemistry result revealed VESS. A cystoscopy was done which revealed polypoid metastatic nodules in the bladder (this put the stage of the disease at IV). She also had laparotomy following features of mechanical obstruction from previous pelvic and intraperitoneal adhesions which were formed from previous laparotomy.
Fibroepithelial polyp of the vagina in pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Nongo Benjamin Howe , Isah Dennis Anthony , Abdul Oluwasesan Adelowo
Published: August 2024

Fibroepithelial polyps of the Vagina (FEPV) are mucosal polypoid lesions with a connective tissue core covered by a benign squamous epithelium. They are thought to be rare as only a few cases are reported in the literature. Fibroepithelial stromal polyps are mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur in the vagina, vulva, and even on the cervix. These fibroepithelial stromal polyps have also been reported in rare sites such as breast and labia.
Predictive value of transrectal ultrasonic Doppler and elastographic features in prostate cancer detection in Lagos University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Oladimeji Abraham T , Jeje Emmanuel A , Ojewola Rufus W , Adeyomoye Adekunle A , Oboke Ozoemena S , Ogunjimi Moses A , Tijani Kehinde H
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed at determining the predictive value (PV) of transrectal ultrasonic Doppler and elastographic features in prostate cancer (PCa) detection among patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study involved patients that underwent evaluation for PCa. Participants had digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy using colour Doppler (CD) and elastography. All cores were sent for histopathology. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 22.0. CD and elastography PV in PCa detection and their relationships to the Gleason score (GS) were analysed (P < 0.05).

Results:

Seventy men (aged between 45 and 87 years) were enrolled. Forty-three (61.4%) patients had PCa with a mean age of 69.37 ± 8.22years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive PV (PPV), negative PV (NPV) and accuracy of CD were 8.50%, 97.44%, 64.10%, 66.42% and 66.31%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of elastography were 84.21%, 94.59%, 88.89%, 92.11% and 91.07%, respectively.

Conclusion:

There is a significant association between decreased elasticity (elastography) and PCa detection but a weak association between increased vascularity (CD) and PCa detection. A positive correlation exists between extent of prostatic stiffness and GS.
Endophthalmitis following vitrectomy for malignant glaucoma: Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Lodhi Sikander , Chawla Rasna , Harshitha Yelamanchi , Madhuri K.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this case report is to present a case of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis, caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumonia, following pars plana vitrectomy for malignant glaucoma. A 52-year-old male patient underwent elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in the right eye. Two weeks later, the patient presented with a diminution of vision and clinical features suggestive of malignant glaucoma. With no response to conventional treatment, pars plana vitrectomy was done. Acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis developed, with severe intraocular inflammation, caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates demonstrated sensitivity to polymyxins and tigecycline only. Intravitreal colistin (0.1 mg/0.1 mL) was administered. The response was satisfactory and the vision could be salvaged. At 2 months follow-up a visual acuity of 20/50 was recorded. This is a rare case report of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis due to MDR Klebsiella following pars plana vitrectomy. With timely intervention, the patient came out of two difficult situations of malignant glaucoma and MDR endophthalmitis with a reasonably good visual recovery.
Patterns of ocular morbidity among patients attending leprosy clinic, Siliguri, West Bengal
Authors: Lakra Rupanjli , Tirkey Louis
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To estimate the prevalence and pattern of ocular morbidity among patients attending the leprosy clinic in Siliguri, West Bengal, and identify the risk factors associated with it, if any.

Methods:

It was a clinic-based observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted at Leprosy Clinic, Siliguri, West Bengal among leprosy patients for 1 year from August 2022 to July 2023. Leprosy patients who had completed multi-drug therapy and consented to the study were enrolled. Convenience sampling was performed and the sample size was 117. After a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, the socio-demographic profile of participants and their ocular morbidities were documented and analyzed. A Chi-square test was performed to identify the factors associated with leprosy complications.Pvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Overall ocular morbidity for any eye observed was 58.1%. Major findings were cataract (35.9%), aphakia (11.1%), diminished corneal sensation (7.7%), lagophthalmos (7.7%), mild corneal opacity (5.2%), chronic iritis (3.4%), and impaired lid closure (2.6%). Ectropion was present in 2.6% bilaterally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for blindness, 11.1% of patients were blind in both eyes. Ocular complications were significantly associated with the respondent’s age, duration of disease, classification of disease, and decreased vision.

Conclusions:

The present study shows a significant rate of ocular complications and blindness among leprosy patients. Lid abnormalities, corneal abnormalities, and cataracts were the commonly encountered ocular morbidities among treated leprosy patients.
In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal nerves in systemic disease- A systematic review
Authors: Biswas Kaberi
Published: August 2024

This review was conducted to study the pattern of changes in the morphology of corneal nerves by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in various systemic diseases and evaluate the usefulness of this examination modality in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various systemic diseases. Articles were searched using the following keywords ‘Corneal nerves’, ‘sub basal plexus’, ‘confocal microscopy’, ‘corneal nerve fibre density’, ‘corneal nerve fibre length’, ‘corneal nerve branch density’, ‘cross sectional study’, ‘prospective study’, either singly or combined. Databases searched include Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase and Science Direct. The search strategy was to include studies in which corneal nerve morphology was studied in relation to a systemic condition. 26 studies were included in this review. Changes in corneal nerve parameters were noted in systemic diseases like Diabetes Mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, Migraine etc. IVCM examination of corneal nerves has great scope as a screening tool for patients prone to develop neuropathies and also in monitoring the progression in neuropathies and certain neurological conditions.
Keratoconus comorbidity with early-onset Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy in identical twins
Authors: Shah Zalak , Purohit Dipali , Singh Shwetambari , Shilpy Neha
Published: August 2024

To report a case of keratoconus with early-onset Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) changes in identical twins. A case report. A 22-year-old female had ocular findings of corneal protrusion, Fleischer’s ring, and corneal endothelium pigment dusting in both eyes. Corneal tomography showed increased corneal power and reduced thickness, and specular microscopy revealed loss of endothelial cells, the presence of a few non-confluent guttata, pleomorphism, and polymegathism in both eyes. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as keratoconus with early grade FECD changes. Her family history revealed that she has an identical twin sister. Examination of her twin sister showed similar findings suggesting keratoconus with early grade FECD. This case report provides further evidence for the role of genetics in the development of keratoconus. Furthermore, it shows the diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment challenges due to the combination of two different diseases.
Olfactory dysfunction management following unilateral cranial resection for olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Takeda T , Omura K , Aoki S , Mori R , Ishii Y , Mori E , Nishijima H , Ebihara T , Tochigi K , Kimple A J , Thorp B D , Senior B A , Otori N
Published: August 2024

Background: Despite advances in techniques for olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), such as unilateral cranial resection, preserving the patient’s sense of smell remains a challenge. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of post-operative olfactory training in patients who underwent unilateral resection of ONB. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed the effect of postoperative olfactory training on olfactory preservation in patients with ONB undergoing unilateral cranial resection. Patients were divided into training intervention (n = 5) and non-intervention (n = 6) groups. Olfactory tests were conducted pre-operatively and at multiple post-operative intervals. Results: Partial olfactory function was preserved in all cases in the training intervention group, whereas only 17% of cases in the non-intervention group maintained partial olfactory function. Significant improvements in olfactory test scores were observed in the training intervention group compared with the non-intervention group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that post-operative olfactory training could aid in olfactory preservation for patients with ONB after unilateral cranial resection. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, and further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm these observations.
New insights into the funeral practices of the Vučedol culture from the example of Grave no. 5, Vučedol – Cornfield Streim site
Authors: Roksandić Vukadin Danijela , Hincak Daris Zdravka , Bošnjak Slavica
Published: August 2024

Recent archaeological excavations of the Vučedol site at the Cornfield Streim were carried out in the period from 2012 to 2021. Most of the excavated objects belong to the settlement of the Classical phase (2900–2630 BC) of the Vučedol culture. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of Grave 5 within the Vučedol settlement complex and its role and meaning in the life and funeral practices of the Vučedol culture. Anthropological analysis will show the biological features of the Vučedol population and of the sample found only at the Vučedol site.
The Principal's Leadership in Strengthening Character Education in the Digital Literacy Era: A Study at Vocational School
Authors: Lukmantoro Dhanu , Hariyati Nunuk , Riyanto Yatim , Setyowati Sri
Published: August 2024

Objective: 1) How is the leadership strategy of the Head in strengthening character education in the digital literacy era?; 2) How is the curriculum that contains strengthening character education in the era of digital literacy?; 3) How can the environment of strengthening character education in digital literacy be collaborated/integrated into: curriculum, learning, intra and extra coaching, culture and school environment, so that it becomes an example for school residents?; 4) How are the results and impacts of the implementation of digital literacy era character education. Method: This research is exploratory with techniques of (1) in-depth interviews, (2) participant observation, and (3) document studies. This research data validity technique uses four kinds of criteria, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability criteria. Results:  The integration of character education within digital literacy at 1 Buduran Vocational School presents a holistic model encompassing curriculum, classroom learning, intra- and extracurricular activities, and school culture. This approach ensures students develop technical skills alongside positive values and ethical behavior in using digital tools. The curriculum emphasizes both technical and ethical aspects of digital literacy. Interactive and collaborative classroom methods, with character values embedded in all subjects, create an environment conducive to character development. Novelty: It presents a holistic approach that incorporates character education into all aspects of school life—curriculum, classroom learning, extracurricular activities, and school culture—ensuring pervasive character development. The study highlights the pivotal role of the principal in promoting ethical digital practices, showcasing how effective leadership can reinforce character education in the digital era.
Implementation of TaRL Approach by Utilizing Canva Media to Improve Students’ Collaboration Skills and Learning Outcomes in Science
Authors: Puspitaningrum Hidayah Zuliana , Subekti Hasan , Hasanah Umi Nur
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aims to improve collaborative skills and student learning outcomes in science subjects by using the teaching at the right level (TaRL) learning approach by utilizing Canva media in the learning process. Method: The research method used was classroom action research involving 32 students of class 8B at Junior High School 3 Madiun. The research stage uses the Kemmis & Mc. Taggar model. The survey was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings including the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation and reflection. The data sources used in the study are observations during learning, tests, and learning evaluation results.  Results:  Showing a positive impact of learning using the TaRL approach by using Canva learning media, especially on collaborative skills and student learning outcomes. The results of observation and evaluation showed an improvement in collaboration skills and learning outcomes after implementing the TaRL approach through Canva's learning media.  Novelty: This research has a novelty because the use of the TaRL approach with Canva media will bring out students' creativity so that cohesiveness with the team is established, design learning that allows students to obtain learning concepts, and make it easier for teachers to apply this approach in science learning.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Wordwall Media Use on Science Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools
Authors: Lestari Rizkye , Rohmani Rohmani
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using wordwall media on science learning outcomes at the primary school level. This research is important to explore the use of interactive technology in improving student understanding and academic achievement in science lessons. Method: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using wordwall media on science learning outcomes at the primary school level. This research is important to explore the use of interactive technology in improving student understanding and academic achievement in science lessons. Results:  The analysis showed that using Wordwall media significantly improved science learning outcomes and learning motivation and created a more interactive and fun learning atmosphere for students. The advantages of Wordwall include active student engagement, increased information retention, personalized learning, collaboration, and real-time feedback. Several studies have shown an increase in the average student score after using Wordwall and increased student activeness and enthusiasm in following the learning process. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in exploring the specific use of Wordwall in the context of science learning in elementary school and its impact on improving student learning outcomes. Although Wordwall has been widely researched in education in general, this study provides new insights into how this interactive media can effectively improve the quality of science learning at the primary school level and provides recommendations for integrating technology in science teaching.
The Effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Project Based Learning (PJBL) Methods on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Fawaas M. Anwarul Haq Al , Mustofa Zamzam , Daryono Rihab Wit
Published: August 2024

Objective: This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PJBL) method on student achievement in the Aqidah Akhlak subject in class X at Ma Ma'arif Balong. Method:  The research method was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of two classes: one class as experimental group 1, which received Aqidah Akhlak learning using the Contextual Teaching and Learning method, and one class as experimental group 2, which received learning Aqidah Akhlak using the Project Learning method. Data was collected through test instruments covering various aspects of the learning material of class X. Results: The research results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques. The analysis results show that students who study using the PJBL method significantly increase their learning achievement compared to students who use the conventional method, which only reaches 48.20%. Students involved in PJBL learning show a better understanding of concepts, applying moral values, and problem-solving abilities. Novelty: This research contributes to strengthening empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of the PJBL method in improving student learning achievement in the Aqidah Akhlak subject. The implication is that innovative and interactive learning approaches such as PJBL must be implemented to improve the quality of Islamic learning at the upper secondary level. Researchers hope that the results of this research can provide valuable contributions to teachers, schools, and other educational stakeholders to improve learning approaches in the future.
The Correlation Between Student's Engagement and Reading Comprehension While Using Quizlet Gamification for Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Mauidloh Nur Hamidatul , Anam Syafi’ul , Widyastuti Widyastuti
Published: August 2024

Objective: The rising popularity of gamification as an academic topic can be attributed to the growing affordability of Internet access through smartphones. One major challenge for gamification applications is maintaining student engagement and active participation. This research investigated whether students’ engagement and reading comprehension significantly correlated with using Quizlet for vocabulary learning at a public senior high school in Gresik. Method: This research used a correlational research design. The subject of this study consisted of 30 students who used Quizlet for vocabulary learning. The research instruments were a questionnaire and a data sheet on students’ reading scores collected from their teachers. The researcher used Descriptive and Pearson correlation through the SPSS Statistics 16.0 program to analyze the data. Results:  This research revealed that students’ engagement was moderate while using Quizlet for vocabulary learning. Then, the correlation coefficient was 0.429*, and the significance 2-tailed value was 0.018. From the sig-value, there was a significant correlation between the two variables, and the correlation value showed that the correlation was positive in the moderate category. Students' engagement and reading comprehension while using Quizlet for vocabulary learning had a significant correlation with a moderate correlation, and this indicated that an increase followed most students' engagement increase in their reading comprehension. Novelty: This study significantly contributes to understanding how students' engagement influences their reading comprehension when using Quizlet for vocabulary learning. It also establishes a positive and statistically significant correlation with a coefficient of 0.429underscores that higher engagement levels correspond to improved reading comprehension outcomes.
Surgical treatment of children with recurrent hydronephrosis
Authors: Lobach Alersey Yu. , Sharkov Sergey M. , Shmyrov Oleg S. , Kulaev Artur V. , Surov Roman V. , Lazishvili Marina N. , Morozov Kirill D. , Kovachich Anton S. , Kondratieva Tatyana A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Hydronephrosis is a common form of kidney pathology in children. Despite the early diagnosis and optimistic results of surgical treatment of the obstruction of the pyelourethral segment, which reach 98% in children, a group of patients with recurrent hydronephrosis is forming, which requires the development of optimal tactics for its surgical treatment.
Aim: to determine the effectiveness of various methods of surgical treatment of recurrent hydronephrosis in children.
Materials and methods. Seventy one patient with recurrent hydronephrosis was observed in the Department of pediatric urology-andrology. The age of the patients ranged from 6 months to 17 years. In 36 patients of the main group, the treatment of recurrent hydronephrosis was carried out according to the author’s algorithm. In 35 patients of the comparison group, treatment was carried out using traditional methods before the introduction of the algorithm into practice.
Results. Recurrence of hydronephrosis in children was diagnosed within 1 to 28 months after initial surgical treatment for obstruction of the pyelourethral segment. The cause of recurrent hydronephrosis in 47 patients was stricture of the pelvic ureteral segment, an aberrant vessel was detected in 5 patients, and in 9 patients a pronounced bend of the ureter in the pyelourethral segment was determined due to compression by the lower pole of the kidney. A combination of several causes of recurrent hydronephrosis was noted in 10 patients. In patients with recurrent hydronephrosis, whose treatment was carried out according to the author’s algorithm, a less pronounced scarring process and a shorter length of ureteral stricture were revealed, as well as a shorter period of hospital stay than in patients treated without taking into account the developed algorithm. In patients treated according to the author’s algorithm, a positive result was achieved in 93%, and in patients of the comparison group — in 88% of cases.
Conclusion. To increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of children with recurrent hydronephrosis, an integrated approach is needed, choosing the optimal tactics of surgical treatment.