bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new technique using background oriented schlieren for temperature reconstruction of an axisymmetric open reactive flow
Authors: Wahls Benjamin H , Ekkad Srinath V
Published: February 2022

A new technique, called 3D ray tracing, for refractive index field reconstruction of axisymmetric flows from displacement fields measured from background oriented schlieren (BOS) experiments is developed and applied to a lean premixed methane/air reactive flow at Reynolds number of 4000 on a 12 mm diameter circular burner. The temperature distribution is then calculated using a species independent direct relationship between refractive index, temperature, and ambient conditions. The error introduced by the approximation to reach this relationship is quantified using simulated flow fields and is found to be 8% within the inner unburnt region of the flow field, decreasing to 2% through the reaction zone, and then quickly reducing to 0% outside the flow field. The effect of random noise and reconstruction resolution on the accuracy of the method is assessed via application to synthetically generated data sets that mimic the characteristics of a heated air jet expelled into ambient. The novel 3D ray tracing allows for accurate temperature reconstructions of open axisymmetric reactive flows where 2D displacement fields are measured, which is shown to be a shortcoming of current direct methods in literature. Additionally, this is done without the need for any prior knowledge of flow field parameters; only ambient conditions to the system must be known. The simple experimental setup and low computational cost make this approach with BOS a good option for application into existing experimental combustion systems with minimal effort.
Development of a new high-precision friction test platform and experimental study of friction characteristics for pneumatic cylinders
Authors: Qian Pengfei , Pu Chenwei , Liu Lei , Li Xiang , Zhang Bing , Gu Zhenye , Meng Deyuan
Published: February 2022

In order to achieve high-precision pneumatic cylinder friction test, this paper proposes a new direct measurement method based on electric cylinder in which the axially acting forces from the compressed air in the two facing pneumatic cylinders cancel each other out and the detected value of the force transducer is just friction. For the sake of the implementation of the method, a new low-cost test method for identifying deadband of proportional directional valve was proposed, and a set of fuzzy PI constant pressure control system was designed to cope with a certain degree of leakage in the chamber. Based on the above, a friction test platform with two pneumatic cylinders facing each other was eventually built to study the influence of pressure, pressure difference, and piston speed on the friction of two commonly used different types of pneumatic cylinders. Through multiple sets of tests, it is found that when the lip seals are used in pairs between the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder, the friction between the piston and the cylinder is only related to the sum of the two chamber pressures, but not to the pressure difference between the two chambers. When the O-ring seal is used between the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder, the friction between the piston and the cylinder is related not only to the pressure of the two chambers, but also to the pressure difference between the two chambers. In addition, a series of comparative tests with the traditional single-cylinder friction test method directly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new method.
Low-temperature n-type doping of insulating ultrathin amorphous indium oxide using H plasma-assisted annealing
Authors: Seo Hojun , Lee Sang Yeon , Lee Jeongsu , Kim Sunjin , Sul Onejae , Seo Hyungtak , Lee Seung-Beck
Published: February 2022

Low-temperature process compatibility is a key factor in successfully constructing additional functional circuits on top of pre-existing circuitry without corrupting characteristics thereof, a technique that typically requires die-to-die (wafer-to-wafer) stacking and interconnecting. And against thermal annealing, which is mandatory and is possible only globally for activating amorphous oxide semiconductors, the selective control of electrical characteristics of the oxide thin-films for integrated circuit applications is challenging. Here, a low-temperature process that enables n-type doping of the designed region of insulating In2O3 thin-film is demonstrated. A short hydrogen plasma treatment followed by low-temperature annealing is used to increase interstitial and substitutional hydrogen associated bond states creating shallow donor levels in the insulating In2O3 surface to transform the thin-film into an n-type semiconductor. As a result, an In2O3 thin-film transistor with a high on/off current ratio (>108), a field-effect mobility of 3.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a threshold voltage of ∼3.0 V has been developed. Compared to performing just thermal annealing, the H-plasma assisted annealing process resulted in an n-type In2O3 thin-film transistor showing similar characteristics, while the processing time was reduced by ∼1/3 and the plasma-untreated area still remained insulating. With further development, the hydrogen plasma doping process may make possible a monolithic planar process technology for amorphous oxide semiconductors.
Tell me how long it takes for light to travel and I will tell you how fast you go
Authors: Russo Ivan , Iuele Giuseppe , Iovane Gerardo , Benedetto Elmo
Published: February 2022

The Italian Government’s Ministry of Public Education has introduced the special theory of relativity for students in their last year of high school. For this reason, we often organize in-depth lessons on modern physics, in general, and on relativity theory in particular. Often, even simple new comers of physics participate. For example, we would like to show, in a subsequence lesson in the classroom, a relation proposed by the first author of this paper, a distinguished jurist and lover of general science. This relation allows us to deduce the Lorentz factor without knowing the relative velocity between the reference frames.
Experimental field study on a full-scale road piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Wang Jun , Qin Xiangzhen , Liu Zhiming , Shi Kuang , Ding Guangya , Li Xiaobing , Cai Guojun
Published: February 2022

We designed a full-scale road piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) and performed field tests to evaluate its electrical performance under various traffic loads. Based on the open-circuit voltage waveform of the FPEH, its electrical output characteristics were established given different axle loads and vehicle speeds. New circuits were designed that can be used to identify the wheel track and wheel position of the vehicle and to determine the horizontal transfer characteristics of the vehicle vibration energy on the road surface. Two off-board circuits were designed for different applications of the FPEH. A parallel circuit rectifies 192 transducer units separately and then connects them in parallel. At a resistance load of 0.4 kΩ, vehicle speed of 60 km h−1, and axle load of 1295 kg, this circuit generated a maximum output of 42 V, 104 mA, and 4338 mW. A single connection circuit rectifies eight transducer units separately and then connects them in parallel to form a total of 24 groups. The electrical performance was evaluated though finite element analyses and field tests. This research is the first to design and fully characterize the electrical performance of a FPEH. The proposed FPEH design significantly improves the driving-load vibration energy harvesting efficiency and produces a watt-level output which is a higher energy output than prior research. The findings obtained herein provide a good foundation for the application of road piezoelectric power generation technology.
An infinite set of integral formulae for polar, nematic, and higher order structures at the interface of motility-induced phase separation
Authors: Lee Chiu Fan
Published: February 2022

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a purely non-equilibrium phenomenon in which self-propelled particles phase separate without any attractive interactions. One surprising feature of MIPS is the emergence of polar, nematic, and higher order structures at the interfacial region, whose underlying physics remains poorly understood. Starting with a model of MIPS in which all many-body interactions are captured by an effective speed function and an effective pressure function that depend solely on the local particle density, I derive analytically an infinite set of integral formulae for the ordering structures at the interface. I then demonstrate that half of these IF are in fact exact for generic active Brownian particle systems. Finally, I test these integral formulae by applying them to numerical data from direct particle dynamics simulation and find that they remain valid to a great extent.
A forecast of using fast radio
burst observations to constrain holographic dark energy
Authors: Qiu Xing-Wei , Zhao Ze-Wei , Wang Ling-Feng , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2022

Recently, about five hundred fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by CHIME/FRB Project have been reported. The vast amounts of data would make FRBs a promising low-redshift cosmological probe in the forthcoming years, and thus the issue of how many FRBs are needed for precise cosmological parameter estimation in different dark energy models should be detailedly investigated. Different from the usually considered w(z)-parameterized models in the literature, in this work we investigate the holographic dark energy (HDE) model and the Ricci dark energy (RDE) model, which originate from the holographic principle of quantum gravity, using the simulated localized FRB data as a cosmological probe for the first time. We show that the Hubble constant H
0 can be constrained to about 2% precision in the HDE model with the Macquart relation of FRB by using 10000 accurately-localized FRBs combined with the current CMB data, which is similar to the precision of the SH0ES value. Using 10000 localized FRBs combined with the CMB data can achieve about 6% constraint on the dark-energy parameter c in the HDE model, which is tighter than the current BAO data combined with CMB. We also study the combination of the FRB data and another low-redshift cosmological probe, i.e. gravitational wave (GW) standard siren data, with the purpose of measuring cosmological parameters independent of CMB. Although the parameter degeneracies inherent in FRB and in GW are rather different, we find that more than 10000 FRBs are demanded to effectively improve the constraints in the holographic dark energy models.
Cosmological constraints from the tomographic cross-correlation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies and Planck CMB lensing
Authors: White Martin , Zhou Rongpu , DeRose Joseph , Ferraro Simone , Chen Shi-Fan , Kokron Nickolas , Bailey Stephen , Brooks David , García-Bellido Juan , Guy Julien , Honscheid Klaus , Kehoe Robert , Kremin Anthony , Levi Michael , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Poppett Claire , Schlegel David , Tarle Gregory
Published: February 2022

We use luminous red galaxies selected from the imaging
surveys that are being used for targeting by the Dark Energy
Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in combination with CMB lensing maps
from the Planck collaboration to probe the amplitude of large-scale
structure over 0.4 ≤ z ≤ 1. Our galaxy sample, with an angular
number density of approximately 500 deg-2 over 18,000
sq.deg., is divided into 4 tomographic bins by photometric redshift
and the redshift distributions are calibrated using spectroscopy
from DESI. We fit the galaxy autospectra and galaxy-convergence
cross-spectra using models based on cosmological perturbation
theory, restricting to large scales that are expected to be well
described by such models. Within the context of ΛCDM,
combining all 4 samples and using priors on the background cosmology
from supernova and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, we find
S
8 = σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5 = 0.73 ± 0.03. This result is
lower than the prediction of the ΛCDM model conditioned on
the Planck data. Our data prefer a slower growth of structure at
low redshift than the model predictions, though at only modest
significance.
Cathodic- and anodic-pulses can alternately activate different sub-populations of neurons during sustained high-frequency stimulation of axons in rat hippocampus
Authors: Feng Zhouyan , Zheng Lvpiao , Yuan Yue , Yang Gangsheng , Hu Yifan , Lu Chuchu , Wang Zhaoxiang
Published: February 2022

Objective: Charge-balanced biphasic-pulses are commonly used in neural stimulations to prevent possible damages caused by charge accumulations. The lagging anodic-phases of biphasic-pulses may decrease the activation efficiency of stimulations by counteracting the depolarization effect of the leading cathodic-phases. However, a monophasic anodic-pulse alone can itself activate neurons by depolarizing neuronal membrane through a mechanism of virtual cathode. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that the anodic-phases/pulses in charge-balanced stimulations could play an activation role during sustained high-frequency stimulations (HFS). Approach: Two types of antidromic HFS (A-HFS) were applied on the alveus of hippocampal CA1 region of anesthetized rats: monophasic-pulse A-HFS of alternate opposite pulses and biphasic-pulse A-HFS with the same frequency of 100 or 200 Hz. The antidromically-evoked population spike (APS) was used as a biomarker to evaluate the activation effects of A-HFS pulses. Main results: Despite a significant difference in the initial abilities of anodic- and cathodic-pulses to activate neurons, an anodic-pulse was able to induce similar amount of neuronal firing as a cathodic-pulse during sustained monophasic-pulse A-HFS. Additionally, the amount of neuronal firing induced by the monophasic-pulse A-HFS was similar to that induced by the biphasic-pulse A-HFS consuming a double amount of electrical energy. Furthermore, the alternate cathodic- and anodic-pulses respectively activated different sub-populations of neurons during steady A-HFS. Significance: The anodic-phases/pulses in charge-balanced HFS at axons can play an activation role in addition to a role of charge balance. The study provides important information for designing charge-balanced stimulations and reveals new mechanisms of neural stimulations.
The antibacterial property of zinc oxide/graphene oxide modified porous polyetheretherketone against S. sanguinis, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis
Authors: Yang Shihui , Yu Wanqi , Zhang Jingjie , Han Xiao , Wang Junyan , Sun Duo , Shi Ruining , Zhou Yanmin , Zhang Haibo , Zhao Jinghui
Published: February 2022

About 30% failures of implant are caused by peri-implantitis. Subgingival plaque, consisting of S. sanguinis, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis et al, is the initiating factor of peri-implantitis. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used for the fabrication of implant abutment, healing cap and temporary abutment in dental applications. As a biologically inert material, PEEK has shown poor antibacterial properties. To promote the antibacterial activity of PEEK, we loaded ZnO/GO on sulfonated PEEK. We screened out that when mass ratio of ZnO/GO was 4:1, dip-coating time was 25 min, ZnO/GO modified SPEEK shown the best physical and chemical properties. At the meantime, the ZnO/GO-SPEEK samples possess a good biocompatibility. The ZnO/GO-SPEEK inhibits P. gingivalis obviously, and could exert an antibacterial activity to S. sanguinis in the early stage, prevents biofilm formation effectively. With the favorable in vitro performances, the modification of PEEK with ZnO/GO is promising for preventing peri-implantitis.
Constraint optimization and

SU(N)

quantum control landscapes
Authors: Birtea Petre , Caşu Ioan , Comănescu Dan
Published: February 2022

We develop the embedded gradient vector field method, introduced in [8, 9], for the case of the special unitary group

SU

(

N

)

regarded as a constraint submanifold of the unitary group

U

(

N

)

. The optimization problem associated to the trace fidelity cost function defined on

SU

(

N

)

that appears in the context of

SU

(

N

)

quantum control landscapes is completely solved using the embedded gradient vector field method. We prove that for N ⩾ 5, the landscape is not

SU

(

N

)

-trap free, there are always kinematic local extrema that are not global extrema.
The 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Plantation (ICSP): Improving Added Value of Plantation Crops through Sustainable Plantation
Authors: Syafaruddin  , Sugiyanta  , Wiyono S , Dirhamsyah T , Iriani E S
Published: February 2022

A. SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused shocks not only in the health aspect but also in all aspects of the global community‟s life. It has significant effect in all sectors of the economy, including the agricultural sector. However, the agricultural sector, including the plantation sub-sector, is a sector that has been able to survive and even shows positive growth. On the other hand, the agricultural commodities from the plantation sector have been significant in job opportunities and export earnings. Major plantation crops such as oil palm, coconut, sago palm, rubber, coffee, cacao, tea, pepper, clove, medicinal plants, and sugarcane may continue their significant contribution to the economy of many tropical countries. These countries will still dominate as the world‟s leading producers of those plantations, at least soon. Plantation and agricultural sectors are labor-intensive. As these sectors are steadily expanding, a reliable workforce requirement has become one of the major issues resulting in huge dependency on capacity development to fulfill the rising need.

The 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Plantation (ICSP) was virtually-held in collaboration between the Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University with Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development (ICECRD), The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), with involving the Indonesian Palmae Crops Research Institute (IPCRI), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), and Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research

List of Table, Images, Paper Publication, Funding Acknowledgements, Special Acknowledgements, List Of Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.
Stenocranus pacificus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) are important pests on maize mix-cropped with oil palm in West Sumatra
Authors: Nelly N , Hamid H , Lina E C , Yunisman  , Mysyahrawati
Published: February 2022

Maize is commonly planted in monoculture. However, in several areas of West Sumatra, it is also cultivated as polyculture side-by-side with oil palm. The study aimed to investigate the important pests that attacked maize plants in oil palm plantations in Pasaman, West Sumatra. This research was conducted in existing and replanting oil palm plantations. Insect pests data collection was purposive random sampled from represented plots of maize plants that were attacked by pests. Five sample plots of 1x1 m2 were taken for assessing insect pests incidence. The average number of maize plant stalks observed 32. Observations were made on the condition of the maize and oil palm agroecosystem, species and populations, and symptoms of insect pests that attack maize. The result showed that Stenocranus pacificus and Spodoptera frugiperda were the most dominant insect pests. The insects damaged the leaves and stems of maize plants. Stenocranus pacificus population was 4.45 individuals/plants, and Spodoptera frugiperda was 1.7 individuals/plants. The maize in West Pasaman is mostly planted on oil palm plantations consisting of monoculture and in oil palms that would be replanted. It was found that two insect pest species were dominant attackers, i.e., Symptoms of the attacks were seen on the leaves and stems of the plants.
Field evaluation of the potential of drought-tolerant sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) mutants based on morpho-agronomic characters
Authors: Hartati Rr Sri , Yuniyati Nurya
Published: February 2022

A mutation scheme followed by an in-vitro selection is one of the breeding tools for developing drought-tolerant sugarcane varieties. This study aimed to select the drought-tolerant sugarcane mutants. Twenty-seven mutant genotypes that passed the in-vitro selection for drought-tolerant and a Bululawang variety as control were examined in this study. The field evaluation was done in Asembagus, Situbondo, East Java, from January 2019 to December 2020. The four-month-old plants were exposed to drought conditions for two months period. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The observations were made on morpho-agronomic parameters such as a leaf, leaf sheath, internode, stem, bud characters, stem length, diameter, stem weight, internode’s number and length, yield, and Brix. Results showed that three mutant genotypes performed better under simulated drought stress than the BL variety with higher yield potential (> 125 ton ha−1). These mutants differed from their original cultivar in the leaf sheath, internode, stem, and bud, hairy, and adherence-leaf sheath characters. Shortly, further evaluation of agronomical performances will be made on the first and second ratoon.
Evaluation of the health and sugarcane seed production from the first ratoon cane at various harvest ages
Authors: Parnidi  , Murianigrum M , Ridhawati A , Wijayanti K , Machfud M , Marjani
Published: February 2022

Increasing the productivity of sugarcane can be done by using healthy and pure seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the health and production of sugarcane seed from ratoon sugarcane derived from tissue culture. The study was conducted in 2017 using a split-plot design, as the main plots were varieties BL and PSJK922; as subplots, the age of seed cane harvest was 5, 6, 7, and 8 months, repeated three times. Bud set from each variety was planted in 5 rows with a length of 8 m. Varieties did not significantly affect all variables of plant growth and seed germination. Seed harvesting age at plant cane (PC) and first ratoon (RC1) affected sugarcane growth except for the number of productive tillers at plant cane. The longer the harvesting age of sugarcane seeds, the higher the attack of the shoot and stem borer. In addition, in plants with seeds originating from the first ratoon, no Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) was found. Therefore, the first ratoon cane can be used as a source of healthy sugarcane seeds and produce high seed quality following Indonesian national standards for sugarcane seed production if supported by good management.
Etiology of white root disease of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Parlindo F , Tondok E T , Wiyono S
Published: February 2022

White root disease is a significant disease of cashew in Indonesia. However, the identity of the causal agent of the disease remains unclear. The objective of the research was to determine the pathogen causing cashew white root disease. Procedures undertaken in this research were (1) field observation in cashew plantations in Karangasem, Bali; (2) isolation and characterization of the suspected fungus and (3) Koch’s postulate on cashew saplings in the greenhouse. Field observation showed that white root disease occurs in cashew plantations with trees prevalently at the age of 8-23 years, with the primary symptom wilting and the presence of rhizomorph on the basal stem. Morphologically, Rigidoporus sp. fungus was consistently isolated from the root of infected plants. An artificial inoculation on nine-month-old saplings showed that wilting symptoms and the presence of rhizomorph on the basal stem developed at 51-76 days after inoculation. The inoculated saplings finally died. Root colonization by Rigidoporus sp. ranged from 35-90%. Rigidoporus sp. as the causal agent of white root disease of cashew was confirmed.
Specific alleles as individual molecular markers and its association for sustainable breeding program in coconut palm
Authors: Mahayu W M , Manambangtua A P , Wungkana J , Taryono
Published: February 2022

Molecular markers through individual identification have been used to protect plant varieties, identify varieties, purity test of seeds, and parented analysis in palm oil breeding programs. However, such identification has not been intensively developed on coconut palm. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain individual-specific markers of Indonesian coconut palms and their association. Coconut palms were selected randomly from 7accessions (74 palms) and then evaluated based on 10 SSR primers and main agro morphological characters. This research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at Plant Breeding Laboratory, UGM, Yogyakarta and Mapanget Experimental Garden, IPCRI, North Sulawesi. CnCir 123-300, CnCir 87-120, CnCir J2-205 were unique alleles that resulted in this study. Five of eleven specific alleles were associated with essential traits of dwarf coconut. CnCir123-250 and CnCir123-300 were specific alleles associated with almost all characters observed in this study. CnCirA9-100 is the only allele that is negatively associated with the height of 11 leaf scars and positively associated with the main characters. Therefore, it is advantageous as a marker-assisted selection of the current coconut plant breeding program. Applications of specific molecular markers associated with essential characters are expected to improve the sustainability of coconut breeding programs.
The potential of essential oils Eucalyptus citriodora and Artemisia vulgaris against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Rismayani  , Rohimatun  , Mardiningsih T L , Rizal M
Published: February 2022

Medicinal plants have been developing as the main material for botanical pesticides. Many medicinal plants can be used as botanical pesticides due to their effectiveness in controlling the pest. This study aims to examine the potential of Eucalyptus citriodora and Artemisia vulgaris against Sitophilus zeamais, which can be used to control the storage pest using these plants without using synthetic pesticide. This study was conducted in the pest laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), from January to February 2021. The formula of two essential oils of E. citriodora and A. vulgaris with different concentrations (1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) were used to control S. zeamais. The result showed that the A. vulgaris had the most potent efficiency as a botanical pesticide against S. zeamais. The highest mortality values of imago S. zeamais at 72 hours after applying E. citriodora and A. vulgaris were 90% and 93%, respectively. Artemisia vulgaris has the highest reaching repellent percentage of imago S. zeamais its 85% at 1 hour after application for 3% concentration. Indicates that essential oils, E. citriodora, and A. vulgaris, possess insecticidal activity against S. zeamais.
Effectiveness of Essential Oil Formula and Silica Against Diamond Shape Leaf Spot Disease in Red Ginger
Authors: Sari M P , Wahyuno D , Florina D , Manohara D , Hoerudin
Published: February 2022

Diamond shape leaf spot disease caused by Pyricularia zingiberi is an essential disease in red ginger. This current research aims to identify the potency of essential oil formula and silica fertilizer against the diamond shape leaf spot disease. Efficacy of clove oil, lemongrass oil, and mancozeb as a control against the colony growth was tested by inoculating the fungus on PDA medium amended with 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm of the tested fungicides. Compared to lemongrass oil, clove oil (LC50: 70,79 ppm) is more effective in suppressing the growth of P. zingiberi. In a greenhouse, the leaves of five months old red ginger plants were inoculated by spraying 105 conidia mL−1 suspensions of P. zingiberi. Foliar application of clove oil base pesticide and silica was carried out a month before pathogen inoculation, arranged in the factorial randomized complete design. The disease severity was measured monthly, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. Disease severity on the plant treated by either clove oil base pesticide or silica was 9,08% and 8,71% lower than control (20,21%). Further research is still needed. Treatment with clove oil base pesticide or silica shows potency in reducing the disease severity.
Latex production of some recommended rubber clones on low tapping frequency
Authors: Aji M , Supijatno  , Santosa E
Published: February 2022

In the current fluctuating global rubber price, cost production efficiency, such as reducing the tapping frequency in the rubber harvesting, is important to maintain the sustainability of rubber production. However, a decrease in tapping frequency can cause a decrease in latex production. This study aimed to determine the effect of low tapping frequency in several rubber clones on rubber production. The research was conducted at Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, South Sumatra, from July 2020 to January 2021. This study used a nested design with two factors, i.e., tapping and stimulant application frequency. The rubber tree used recommended clones of IRR 112, IRR 118, and BPM aged 24 years old after planting in 2010. The results showed that decreasing in tapping frequency from d3 to d5 decreased productivity by 30-40%, from d5 to d7 by 20-40%, and from d3 to d7 decreased by 60%. Stimulant applications increased the production of clones BPM 24, IRR 112, and IRR 118 by 83%, 66%, and 333%, respectively. Overall, tapping on IRR 118 with d5 frequency and the addition of stimulant showed better results. This study implies that reduction of tapping frequency in combination with stimulant application is prospective to be implemented.
Screening sugarcane accessions for resistance against Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV)
Authors: Suhara C , Yulianti T , Hidayah N
Published: February 2022

Sugarcane Streak Mosaic is a new sugarcane disease and has widespread sugarcane fields in Java, some parts of Sumatra, and Sulawesi. A severe infection could decrease sugar content and production significantly. This study aimed to screen the resistance level of eighteen potential accessions derived from cross-breeding sugarcane varieties to the disease. The research was conducted at a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications using artificial inoculation. Each accession contained 10 plants. The resistant category based on disease incidence and severity was observed 2 months after inoculation. Results of the screening indicated that four accessions were categorized as resistant, i.e: PS 04 303, PS 04 199, PS 06 395, and PS 06 188); 1 moderately resistant (PS 05 370); 7 accessions were susceptible and four accessions were very susceptible to SCSMV. The screening showed that there were resistant accessions that could be developed as new potential varieties.
Yield and growth performance of potential sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) hybrid clones
Authors: Hamida R , Djumali  , Heliyanto B , Abdurrachman  , Adikadarsih S , Murianingrum M
Published: February 2022

Sugarcane development in Indonesia has been done primarily on dry lands. Therefore developing varieties more suitable to dry-agro-ecological conditions is being attempted as it is easily applicable and economically feasible. This study aimed at assessing the yield of 18 potential sugarcane clones, resulting from crosses with parents which have high productivity. This study used Cenning variety as a control. The research was conducted at Karangploso experimental garden Malang, from October 2019 to September 2020. The research used a randomized block design with four replications. The experimental plot was designed with five rows (5 m length) and rows distance at 110 cm. The evaluation was carried out on the growth and production component. The results showed that genotypes affected the performances of growth and yield characters. All of the clones showed good performances in growth. Clones MLG 18/21/14, MLG 18/42/15 and MLG 18/41/5 had productivity 21.08-34.86 (t/ha) and sucrose content 21.79-38.44 (%) higher than control. The three clones select as promising clones for sugarcane development in dry-agro-ecological land with higher productivity yields.
Yield test of newly collected genotypes of sugarcane under the dry agro-ecological condition
Authors: Heliyanto B , Abdurrakhman
Published: February 2022

At present, the majority (>80%) of sugarcane cultivation in Indonesia is done in dry areas. The development of tolerant variety to dry agro-ecological conditions is one of the strategies to increase sugar production. To start with several genotypes from germplasm collections were assessed for their yield potential under dry ecological conditions. The research was carried out in dry land to test the yield performance of twelve potential genotypes of different maturity and two standard varieties. The research was done at Asembagus, Situbondo, East Java using a randomized block design with three replications. Plot size was 5 m x 10 m, whereas the distance from center to center was 1 m. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, no of stalks per meter row, stalk weight per kg, stalk weight (cane yield) per hectare (TCH), sucrose content (CCS), and sugar yield per ha (SCH). Results revealed that genotypes affected the growth and yield performances of the crop. None of the late-maturing genotypes surpassed the yield of the control varieties. Genotypes PI-Pringu and PI-CYZ of early maturing types were found promising; their SCH values were up to 14 % higher than the control early maturing Variety (PS 881).
Combined effects of provenance and NPK-fertilizer on nursery performance of kelor (Moringa oleifera) seedlings
Authors: Kurniawan H , Rahmayanti S
Published: February 2022

Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is a superfood that serves potential benefits as a highly nutritious food. The research on kelor in Riau, Indonesia, is still very rare. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combination between provenances and doses of NPK-fertilizer on the growth of kelor seedlings in the nursery. The study was conducted from March to June 2020 in Kuok, Kampar regency, Riau. It was a factorial trial arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Two provenances from Riau and NTT were arranged as the main plot. Four level doses of NPK-fertilizer, 5 g, 7 g, 9 g, and 0 g, were arranged as the subplot. Seedling height, diameter, survival, number of leaves, and leaf colour were observed. The interaction between P2 and F2 had the best effect on diameter at 3 MAS, while P2 and F4 had the best effect on survival at 1 MAS. The dose of 5 g NPK tended to have a better effect on the height, the number of leaves, survival, and leaf colour at 1 MAS. To stimulate the diameter growth, additional doses of NPK can be given after the kelor seedling reaches a minimum age of 3 MAS.
Field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis product to control Metisa plana bagworm in oil palm plantation
Authors: Pradana M G , Priwiratama H , Rozziansha T A P , Prasetyo A E , Susanto A
Published: February 2022

Metisa planais widely known for its destructive impact on oil palm plantations.M. planainfestation could reduce the oil palm productivity by 40% if it remains untreated over two consecutive years. The application of insecticide has become a well-known method of controllingM. planainfestation. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and six replications. Four doses ofBacillus thuringiensisand selected greenlabelled insecticides (active ingredient: clorantraniliprole) were evaluated for their toxicity based on initial population ofM. plana. The folia r spraying bioassay technique was used to expose six replications to the designated treatments.M. planamortality was observed for 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after application. The results showed that bothB. thuringiensisand chlorantraniliprole could cause 96-99% mortality in seven days. Based on these field evaluation, the use of insecticide products with active ingredients Bt with soluble concentrate formulation recommended for the control ofM. planabagworms was carried out using concentrations of 0.625-1.25 ml/l or 250-500 ml/ha. Field experiments are needed to provide more accurate results when the insecticides are exposed to natural environment.
Biophysical properties of various ages oil palm plantation in Ultisols of Bengkulu
Authors: Prawito P , Wulandari P , Sulistyo B
Published: February 2022

Oil palm plantation (OPP) expands to soil with less suitable including Ultisol. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare some selected soil properties among various OPP ages and (2) to determine the correlation among the selected soil properties. A Completely Randomized Block Design with single factor treatments of oil palm age consisting of 2-yr, 3 -yr, 4-yr, 8-yr, and 32-yr of OPP, and all treatments was repeated three times. Blocking was based on the OPP floor positions: circle weeding (CW), frond stack (FS), and between palm (BP). All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with 5% a, and DMRT at 5 % a was used to compare treatments. The result showed that using Ultisol in OPP with good management especially keeping or improving soil organic C through maintaining understory vegetation, may reach soil sustainability. Increasing oil palm ages followed by increasing organic C, water holding capacity (WHC), and decreasing bulk density (BD). The highest oil palm root density (OPRD), oil palm dray root density (OPDRD), and CO2 emissions were found at the 8-yr OPP, while the highest value of understory vegetation biomass weight (UVBMW) and understory vegetation biomass dray weight (UVBMDW) were reached at 4-yr OPP. Organic C was weakly correlated with actual soil moisture (ASM) (r=0,485) and aggregate stability (AS) (r=0,465)
Two decades of biotechnology research in plantation breeding: A systematic review
Authors: Hakim A R , Putranto R A
Published: February 2022

Riset Perkebunan Nusantara (RPN) has been carried out diverse research activities in plantation breeding for years. It has been a common understanding that the current biotechnology approach cannot be separated from plant breeding research. However, there has never been any review on research topic trends in RPN. This research was conducted to test the systematic review methodology upon a public database in the biotechnology approach implemented in plant breeding research. This systematic review was carried out on the research conducted by RPN over the last two decades published in global scientific papers. Surveys and screening of scientific papers were carried out using the PRISMA protocol to objectively obtain related research subjects. The survey traced 7,691 records from Google Scholar using specific keywords searches in which 4,041 scientific papers were obtained. The screening process retained 73 scientific papers related to RPN’s historical roadmap for plant breeding using biotechnology. The highest number of publications was achieved in 2018 followed by a decrease in the number of publications until 2021. When viewed from the commodity, 26 of the total 73 selected records were studies on oil palm commodities followed by 19 on rubber trees and 10 on cocoa.
The utilization of plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) herb yield at low land
Authors: Gusmaini  , Kartikawati A , Nurhayati H , Permadi R A , Syakir M
Published: February 2022

Stevia is a native crop of sub-tropical regions; its cultivation is extended to low land tropical regions, which might the growth is not good as in its origin growth areas. Bacteria as growth promoters are expected to enhance stevia growth in low-land tropical regions. This study aimed to determine the effect of bacteria on the growth and yield of stevia. The research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute at 240 m above sea level and was arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of 1) control, 2) rhizosphere bacteria Brevibacillus parabrevis GF13, 3) endophytic bacteria Mesorhizobium soli NHI-8, 4) endophytic bacteria Bacillus pacificus EB422, 5) a combination B. parabrevis GF13 + M. soli NHI-8, and 6) a combination of Br. parabrevis GF13 + B. pacificus EB422. The highest increase in total production of fresh (32.8%) and dry (25.86%) herbs were found in treatment 4 (endophytic bacteria Bacillus pacificus EB422). The treatment caused the plant to have the highest nutrient uptake 0.124 N g/plant, 0.051 P2O5 g/plant, and 0.172 K2O g/plant. The treatment increased soil chemical properties.
Water use efficiency of sugarcane clones under rainfed condition
Authors: Riajaya P D , Kadarwati F T
Published: February 2022

Crop water use study is necessary for crop management. The purpose of the research was to determine water use efficiency (WUE) of sugarcane clones under rainfed conditions. A field trial was carried out in rainfed at Kediri, East Java, from August 2018 to June 2020 in two seasons of plant cane (PC) and first ratoon cane (RC1). A Split-Plot Design was used for the field trial with three replications. Three planting arrangements were allocated to the main plot. Sub-plots consisted of five clones and one check variety. The WUE is the ratio of sugarcane yield to total crop evapotranspiration. Crop evapotranspiration was the reference evapotranspiration multiply by crop coefficients. Reference evapotranspiration needs meteorological data and relied on the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The average sugarcane crop evapotranspiration for two seasons was 1260.9 mm/year in PC and RC1, with effective rainfall of 817.6 mm and 797 mm, respectively. Average water use efficiency to produce sugarcane were 11.47 and 10.85 t/100 mm and sugar 1.085 and 0.884 t/100 mm, respectively, in PC and RC1. The WUE benefit as criteria for crop selection and to calculate the potential yield given the available water.
Study on Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor as vectors of mottle disease in black pepper
Authors: Miftakhurohmah  , Hidayat S H , Mutaqin K H , Soekarno B P W , Wahyuno D
Published: February 2022

Two species of mealybug, Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor were previously reported as vectors of Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), the causal agent of mottle disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum). Several activities were performed to study the PYMoV transmission through F. virgata and Pl. minor, involving transmission experiment in ISMCRI greenhouse (Bogor, West Java), field observation of mealybugs, and mottle disease incidence at ISMCRI field station (Sukabumi, West Java). The result showed that the transmission rate of PYMoV through F. virgata and Pl. minor in black pepper reached 40.00 and 46.67%, respectively. Field temperature >33 °C, light intensity >700.00 lux, wind speed <1.10 m/s, and rainfall <80 mm/month were recorded during the occurrence of a peak population of mealybugs. Mealybugs population in the field was affected by insecticide application. Its population was lower in a block with insecticide spraying than in a block without insecticide spraying. Furthermore, mottle disease incidence was correlated with the population level of mealybugs. Based on PCR detection, the frequency of viruliferous mealybugs did not differ in a block with or without insecticide spraying, i.e., 6/39 and 6/37, respectively. This indicated that other factors than insect vectors might play an important role in disease spread.
Phytonematodes associated with the yellowing disease of Javanese long pepper plants in Sumenep, East Java
Authors: Aimanah E W , Supramana  , Munif A
Published: February 2022

One of the major pathogen infecting the Javanese long pepper plantation is phytonematode. This study aims to identify the population of phytonematodes associated with the yellowing disease of Javanese long pepper. Root and soil samples were collected from Javanese long pepper with monoculture and polyculture cropping systems purposively in Sumenep Regency, East Java Province. Phytonematodes were extracted from root samples by mist chamber technique and soil samples by centrifugation flotation technique. Morphology character was observed from the permanent nematode slides. Based on morphological characters, six phytonematodes were found in the root and soil of Javanese long pepper, namelyParatylenchus nanus, Meloidogynespp.,Rotylenchulus reniformis, Rotylenchulus parvus, Coslenchus paramaritus, andCoslenchus cancellatus. The highest phytonematode population from root extraction isP. nanuswith an average of 165 nematodes/10 g roots.R. reniformiswas the highest phytonematode population from soil extraction with an average of 1314 nematodes/100 ml soil.
Laboratory rearing of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pollinator of oil palm inflorescence in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkefli M H H , Jamian S , Adam N A , Jalinas J , Mohd Masri M M
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate laboratory rearing of Elaeidobius kamerunicus through observation of its life development and survivability on an artificial diet and anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm as the natural feed. The experiment was the three adopted diets compared with rearing on natural feed toward the survivability and life development of reared larvae Elaeidobius kamerunicus. The AMI of oil palm was the successful diet for the survival of weevil larvae with around 11 days to develop from egg to adult. The improved natural feed is calculated to have a longer time for 50% mortality than the first natural feed, where it had double the time requirement. Moreover, improving the natural feed rearing method had increased survivability from around 20% to almost 50%. Furthermore, they improve natural feed enables shorter life development at 10 days. Thus, this study provided the method for rearing E. kamerunicus through the natural feed for better key survival and management.
Viability and vigor of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) seeds from intrageneric and intergeneric crosses at various storage periods
Authors: Widyasari WB , Damanhuri  , Nurcahya C
Published: February 2022

Sugarcane is one of the essential crops with high economic value in Indonesia, because it is the primary source of sugar. Sugarcane is propagated vegetatively for commercial purposes, but for genetic improvement, crosses carried out to produce seeds with the new genetic combinations. This study aims to determine the viability and vigor of seeds from intrageneric and intergeneric crosses at various storage periods. This study used seed samples from 19 intrageneric and intergeneric crosses conducted by ISRI from 2006 to 2016. The seeds were kept in aluminum foil bags in the freezer at -20oC. Viability and vigor of seeds were determined by evaluating germination, growth speed, growth synchronously, vigor index, and maximum growth potential. The results showed that the type of crosses and the storage time of seeds had a very significant effect on germination, growth speed, growth synchronously, vigor index and maximum growth potential. However, the longer storage of sugarcane seeds was not always accompanied by a decrease in seed viability and vigor, both seeds resulting from intergeneric and intrageneric crosses. In addition, the viability and vigor of seeds from intergeneric crosses was lower than the viability and vigor of seeds from intrageneric crosses.