bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review of remimazolam for sedation
Authors: Noor Nazir , Legendre Rhorer , Cloutet Alexandra , Chitneni Ahish , Varrassi Giustino , Kaye Alan D.
Published: August 2021

Benzodiazepines are one of the most commonly used medications in the field of anesthesia. They offer excellent anxiolytic and amnestic properties ideal for the perioperative period when patient anxiety is understandably heightened. Remimazolam has presented a favorable alternative to some of the common intravenous anesthetic agents used given its fast onset of action, high safety profile, and reasonably short duration of action.

The drugs within the four classes of benzodiazepines, 2-keto-benzodiazepines, 3-hydroxy-benzodiazepines, triazolo-benzodiazepines, and 7-nitro-benzodiazepines provide varying degrees of anxiolysis, sedation, and amnesia. This is provided by the benzodiazepine molecule binding and causing a conformational change to the chloride ion channel to cause hyperpolarization and thus inhibition of the central nervous system. Each type of benzodiazepine has a preferred role within the realm of medicine. For instance, diazepam is used for the treatment of seizures and anxiety. Midazolam’s anxiolytic and anterograde amnestic properties are taking advantage of during the perioperative period. Lorazepam is beneficial for anxiety and status epilepticus.

Remimazolam, currently in phase II and III clinical trials, has demonstrated a very short during of action and low context-sensitive half-time, allowing for its rapid removal even during a prolonged infusion. Much of its properties may be credited to being a soft drug, meaning it is a metabolically active drug that is rapidly inactivated in the body. This provides anesthesiologists and other practitioners administering it with a more predictable sedative. These properties have the potential to push it towards becoming the drug of choice for premedication during the perioperative period and sedation in the ICU.

Furthermore, remimazolam does not seem to rely on any specific organ to be metabolized. The drug’s ester moiety makes it a substrate for non-specific tissue esterase enzymes, meaning its metabolism and elimination are not impaired in patients with hepatic and/or renal disease. Its addictive potential closely resembles that of its parent compound, midazolam. Reports of its adverse reactions include headache and somnolence after an involuntary movement during infusion.

Benzodiazepines are a great adjunct to anesthetic care. Remimazolam’s safety profile, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential practical use make it quite favorable in this regard. It has the potential to equip anesthesiologists and other medical practitioners with a more predictable medication that has a good safety profile. However, further large clinical trials will provide us with a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of remimazolam.
Patient-Related Risk Factors for the Development of Lumbar Spine Adjacent Segment Pathology
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Moreira , Teixeria Artur , Frada Richado , Oliveira Filipa , Atilano Pedro , Veigas Tânia , Miranda António
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Individual risk factors for the development of adjacent segment pathology (ASP) need to be investigated and identified to address possible modifiable factors in advance and improve outcomes and reduce medical costs. This study aimed to review the literature regarding patient-related risk factors and sagittal alignment parameters associated with ASP development.

Methods

The authors performed an extensive review of the literature addressing the objectives mentioned earlier.

Results

Certain patient factors such as age, gender, obesity, preexisting degeneration, osteoporosis, postmenopausal state, rheumatoid arthritis, and facet tropism may contribute to adjacent segment degeneration. Genetic influences, such as polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor and collagen IX genes, can also be a potential cause for disc degeneration with consequent deterioration of the motion segment.

The influence of sagittal imbalances, particularly after lumbar fusion, is a significant parameter to be taken into account as an independent risk factor for ASP development.

Conclusions

Patient-specific risk factors, such as age, gender, obesity, preexisting degeneration, and genetic features increase the likelihood of developing ASP. On the other hand, sagittal alignment plays a significant role in the development of this condition.
Efficacy of Preoperative Misoprostal in Reducing Hemorrhage during Abdominal Myomectomy
Authors: Hashmi Irum Batool , Shafi Asim , Choudhary Ayesha , Ahmad Wasim , Khan Muhammad Hamayun , Imran Moniza
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of preoperative misoprostal in reducing hemorrhage during abdominal myomectomy. Study Design: Prospective comparative randomized double blinded Place and Duration: Conducted at DHQ Zanana hospital Dera Ismail Khan for one year duration from January 2019 to December 2019. Methods: Total 100 patients underwent abdominal myomectomy were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-45 years of age. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, body mass index and parity were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were categorized equally into two groups, I and II. Group I had 50 patients and received single dose 400 micrograms of misoprostol transrectally one hour preoperatively and group II had 50 patients and received 2-tablets of placebo preoperatively. Outcomes intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, hysterectomy and complications among both groups were assessed. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients was 32.16±9.44 with mean BMI 26.07±10.44 kg/m2. There were no significantly difference among age and body mass among both groups. 60 Patients had 0 parity, 30 patients had parity 1 and the rest were had parity 2. Mean pre-operative hemoglobin in group I was 13.64±8.55 and post-operative was 9.88±8.55 and in group II mean pre-operative hemoglobin was 13.55±8.55 and post-operative was 9.12±5.55. Mean intraoperative blood loss in group I was 388.17±37.18 ml and in group II was 501.16±17.64 ml. Post-operatively blood transfusion in group I was among 2(4%) cases and 3 (6%) in group II. Mean hospital stay in group II was greater as compared to group I. Nausea, vomiting and shivering were the complications found in this study. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the use ofmisoprostol preoperatively during abdominal myomectomy was effective safe and useful in reduction of intraoperative blood loss and post-operatively blood transfusion among patients. Keywords: Abdominal myomectomy, Misoprostol, Placebo, Intraoperative, Blood loss
Frequency of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Achieving Optimal Glycemic Control at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: . Sharafuddin , Khurshed S. Javed , Kalwar M. Hashim , Butt M. Hassan , Sahito Sarfraz Hussain , Kanhar M. Rafique
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine frequency of glycemic control in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) visiting to National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan for six months duration from 12th October 2019 to 11th April 2020. Methodology: One hundred and ten patients of both gender with coronary artery disease were enrolled in this study. Informed consent was taken after explaining the procedure, risks and benefits of the study. In our study, all the included patients were given the emergency treatment and their blood samples were sent to laboratory to assess the outcome variable i.e. glycemic control. All the data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 62.5±8.4 years. Out of 110 patients, 65 (59.1%) were male while 45 (40.9%) were female. Obesity was found in 41 (37.3%) patients. Glycemic control was noted in 20 (18.2%) patients. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that less glycemic control was noted among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with increasing prevalence of diabetes. Indicators of quality care (HbA1c & other complications) should be assessed regularly for better diabetes management. Keywords: Glycemic Control, Coronary Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Risk Factors
Determine the Prevalence of Migraine in Pregnant Women Presented with Severe Headache
Authors: Hussain Jawad , Saqib Muhammad , Khan Nadia , Khan Sohail , Jan Fawad , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: August 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of migraine in pregnant women presented with severe headache. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at department of Neurology Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for duration of eighteen months(from August 2019 to February 2021). Methods: 120 pregnant women with ages 18-45 years were presented in this study. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, body mass index and gestational age was recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients with severe headache were enrolled and International Classification of Headache Disorders-II criteria were used for diagnosis of migraine. Trimester of pregnancy were assessed in terms of 1st, second and third. Complete date was analyzed by SPSS 20.version. Results: Mean age of the patients was 32.16±6.44 years with mean BMI 25.07±2.44 kg/m2. Most of the patients 70 (58.3%) were from third trimester. Gestational age of the pregnant women was 22.64±11.03 weeks. 75 (62.5%) were from urban areas and mostly had low socio-economic status 80 (66.7%). 45 (37.5%) women were educated. 50 (41.7%) cases diagnosed migraine, 35 (29.17%) cases had tension type headache (TTH) while the rest were showed only severe headache among pregnant women. Most common symptom was nausea 24 (48%), followed by vomiting 16 (32%) and sensitivity to light was found in 10 (20%) women. Conclusion: In this study, we concluded with the prevalent condition for pregnant women of migraine and headache-related impairment. Migraine and headache during pregnancy are critical for diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Headache, Pregnancy, Migraine, Prevalence
Assessment of Self-Medication and Their Associated Risks in Medical and Non-Medical People of Sialkot: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sadiq Yasir , Khalid Kanwal , Hafeez Amtul , Abdullah Mirza Muhammad , Nazar Mudassar , Hadayat Aisha , Laique Talha
Published: August 2021

Self-medication is an important health issues among patients’ behavior in reaction to their ailment. Objectives: To assess self-medication practices and their associated risks in medical & non-medical people of Sialkot, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study enrolled 250 subjects from Sialkot between October-November 2020 through self-administered web-based questionnaire. It assessed demographic details, prevalence and practice of self-medication along-with the attitude of respondents towards self-medication and associated side effects. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS, v-24. Results: Among enrolled subjects, mean age was 21 ± 1.8 years. Female: Male percentages were (59.4%: 40.2%). Self-medication was common among 85% subjects. The most common reason for self-medication in medical people was to need a quick relief (42.9%) and in non-medical people were previous experience with symptoms (35.2%). Conclusion: We concluded that habit of self-medication is a common practice among educated generation knowing the fact that it harms their lives. Hence, need of hour is to educate them in-order to ensure safe practices. Key Words: Self Medication, Prevalence and Risk Factors.
Analysis of all Forensic Autopies at Sheikh Zaid Hospital from 2016 to 2020: A Retroscpective Study
Authors: Tariq Fariha , Sarwar Sumaira , Mukhtar Khalid , Sadia Summyia , Nadeem Shahid , Rehman Humera , Laique Talha
Published: August 2021

Autopsy can lead to the cause of death most accurately in both natural as well as unnatural deaths. Purpose: To determine the pattern of deaths seen on autopsy in a tertiary care hospital and to determine the cause of deaths and manners of deaths with special focus of homicidal cases, seen on autopsies in the past few years. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methodology: Patients (n=186) were enrolled in present study held at Forensic department, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan. Data of 186 autopsy cases of 5 years from 2016 to 2020 was entered and analyzed. All the forensic autopsies done at the forensic department, irrespective of the age and gender were included in the study. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: Most of the patients were of age group 20 to 30 years. Males were 67% while females were 20% in present study. Among these 186 cases of autopsy, manner of death was homicidal in 43% (n=80) autopsies, accidental in 10% (n=19) and suicidal deaths was in 1.6% (n=3) while in 34% (n=64) autopsy cases cause of death cannot be determined. Conclusion: This study concluded that the cause of death couldn’t be determined in around 1/3rd autopsies; showing that steps should be taken to improve performance of forensic departments. As young males are mostly involved in criminal acts, illegal activities should be controlled with education and law enforcement. Key Words: Autopsy, Audit, Manner of Death and Cause of Death.
Prevalence of Mechanical Neck Pain among University Students: An Observational Study
Authors: Gull Maham , Khalil Wajid , Jaffar Muneeb , Ara Jahan , Mustansar Alishba , Laique Talha
Published: August 2021

Mechanical neck pain influences forty five - fifty four % of the all general community eventually during their lives and can come about extreme inability. It is an immense medical issue among undergraduate students because of poor postural habits. Sitting for delayed periods with forward head act, such as reading books and utilizing PCs, work stations and the phone will cause pressure in muscles and compressive power in the cervical spine results in mechanical neck ache. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of mechanical neck pain among university students. Study Design: An observational study. Methodology: In present study, a sample size of 143 was used by using a convenient sampling technique. Subjects were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by circulating Oswestry Neck Disability Index (ODI), Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale. The research was conducted in public sector universities of Faisalabad. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS, v-24. Results: Study results showed that 36.4% had mild, 37.1% had moderate and 26.6% had severe mechanical neck pain. Conclusion: We concluded that university students were at greater risk of mechanical neck pain. Key Words: Neck pain, Students and Oswestry neck Disability index (ODI)
Understanding of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among General practitioners in the Periphery of Lahore
Authors: Masood Atif , Baig Faisal Amin , Khan Tahir Ullah , Shah Naseeb ur Rehman , Nazir Maida , Khan Wali
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the understanding of irritable bowel syndrome among general practitioners in Lahore in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Study Design: Observational, cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety eight patients from both urban and rural territory in Lahore were enrolled. Manning and Rome criteria were applied to establish diagnosis of irritable syndrome. Patient’s history, investigations and final diagnosis were recorded. After three months, patients were reassessed for final diagnosis and any alternative diagnosis if under consideration. Results: There were 180 (60.4%) females and 118 (39.6%) males with mean age of 34 years. About 70 patients presented with GIT complains were functional and 45 with organic problems. Out of 70 functional patients, 45 have irritable bowel syndrome. The condition was functional or organic quite inadequate and amounted to 56%. Conclusion: Majority of irritable bowel syndrome patients were either wrongly diagnosed by the general practitioners or inadequately treated. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Functional and organic diarrhea
Determine the Frequency of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Female with Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Naeem Ayesha , Aslam Amna , Nissa Amber-u- , Rasheed Tayyaba , Akhtar Tanweer , Gudaro Zafreen Naz
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of endometrial hyperplasia in female with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 1st January 2021 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and ten females with abnormal bleeding were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 40-65 years. Demographically details of age, weight, body mass index and socio economic status were recorded after taking written consent. Complete patients were undergone for transvaginal ultrasound. Frequency of endometrial hyperplasia was recorded. Results: Mean age of the females was 47.16±7.53 years with mean BMI 26.17±8.44 kg/m2. Mean weight of the patients were 59.16±17.66 kg. Most of the patients 65 (59.09%) were from urban area and majority of the patients 70 (63.64%) were illiterate. Sixty (54.5%) cases were from low socio-economic status and 50 (45.5%) had high socio-economic status. Endometrial hyperplasia was found in 25 (22.73%) patients, in which 18 (72%) had cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia found in 4 (16%) and 3 (12%) had atypical hyperplasia. Among 25 cases of hyperplasia, menorrhagia found in 15 (60%), polymenorrhea found in 8 (32%) and polymenorrhagia in 2 (8%). Medical treatment were given to 20 (80%) cases and surgical treatment were given to 5 (20%). Conclusion: The prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia was 22.73% among women with abnormal bleeding. It can be cure by early diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), Endometrial hyperplasia, Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Menorrhagia
Frequency of Elevated Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Baig Faisal Amin , Masood Atif , Shah Naseeb-Ur-Rehman , Khan Tahir Ullah , Nazir Maida , sarwar Sadaf
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of elevated homocysteine levels in patients with ischemic stroke. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine Unit II, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 13th October 2017 to 12th April 2018. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty subjects of ischemic cerebral stroke were included in this study using non probability sampling technique. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke was confirmed by CT brain and serum homocysteine level was measured in micromoles/L. Results: The average age of our studied population was 64.9±11.5 years with 141 males (56.4%) and 109 (43.6%) females. Mean total homocysteine levels were 55.5±2.9 μm/L and the range was 8-148.7. Elevated homocysteine levels were found in 239 (95.6%) and were normal in 11 (4.4%). Highly elevated levels were present in 18 (7.5%), moderately elevated in 179 (74.9%) and lightly elevated levels were found in 82 (17.6%). Conclusion: The elevated homocysteine levels are a strong risk factor for ischemic cerebral Stroke. About 74.9% of the patients with ischemic stroke had moderately elevated levels whereas 7.5% had highly elevated serum homocysteine levels. Key words: Ischemic stroke, Elevated homocysteine levels
Clinicopathological Features of Carcinoma of Cervix
Authors: Memon Jawad Ali , Memon Zubair Ali , Shah Muhammad Sibtain , Baloch Abdul Rasheed , Nagraj Ali Akbar
Published: August 2021

Objective: To look at the age, stage at presentation, and morphology of cervix cancer patients. Study Design: Single institutional study. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Radiology, Peoples Medical College, Hospital, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad, and Sindh, Pakistan from January 1st 2018 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Five hundred biopsy proven cases of carcinoma cervical cancer were enrolled and age at the time of presentation, histology, and stage after diagnosis were included. Results:68.4% females with cervical carcinoma were between the age of 40 to 59 years and majority of patients were belonged to the rural area with (73.7%). 75.1% of the patients had squamous cell carcinomas, 3.3% had adenosquamous carcinomas, and 17.9% had adenocarcinomas. Female patients have been stratified by stage of the disease in which 46.2 % belongs to the stage II. Conclusion: Majority of females have squamous cell carcinoma predominance over ardenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and stage II was the most common in the females with carcinoma of cervix. Key Word Carcinoma, Cervix, Squamous cell
Comparison of the Number of Attempts in Creating Pneumoperitoneum for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Direct Trocar Versus Veress Needle Insertion
Authors: Hamid Kamran , Ahmad Shabbir , Shabbir Faisal , Latif Amer , A. Shahzad , A. M. Faheem , R M. Asim , H M. Mansoor
Published: August 2021

Aim: To compare the number of attempts at creating pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy using direct trocar versus veress needle insertion techniques. Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Allama Iqbal Memorial Hospital Sialkot and Govt. Sardar Begum Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 27th September 2017 to 26th September 2020. Methodology: Six hundred and eight patients of both male and female patients, having uncomplicated cholelithiasis were selected. All participants were randomized into two equal groups, Group A (direct trocarInsertion) and the Group B (veress needle insertion). All trocars and veress needle used were disposable, with a safety shield. All procedures were carried out by the single experienced surgeons and his team. Data was noted, regarding age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and the number of attempts to create the successful pneumoperitoneum. Results: The number of attempts to create successful pneumoperitoneum in DTI group was significantly feweras compared to VNI group (p=0.026) but we found no statisticallysignificant difference between age, gender, and body mass index. Conclusion: The direct trocar insertion is a safe alternative to veress needle insertion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy because it requires fewernumber of attempts for successful creation of pneumoperitoneum as compared to the veress needle. Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Veress needle insertion, Direct trocar insertion, Pneumoperitoneum
Comparison of Post-Operative Quality of Life between Vaginal Hysterectomy and Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Sajjad Nazia , Qadir Sara , Kasi Rukhsana , Rasheed Tayyaba , Unar Fozia , Akhtar Tanweer
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To compare the frequency of satisfactory quality of life between vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niazi Medical & Dental College, Sargodha from 1st April 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Ninety patients were comprised and they were divided in two groups; group A (vaginal hysterectomy) and Group B (abdominal hysterectomy) were performed. Hysterectomies (vaginal or abdominal) were performed by consultant gynecologist having experience at having least 5 years). Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.82±3.207 years, mean age of the patients of group A was 49.82±3.193 years and mean age of the patients of group B was 49.82±3.256 years. Satisfactory quality of life was noted in 38 (84.44%) patients of study group A and 29 (64.44%) patients of study group B. Statistically significant (P = 0.051) difference between the frequency of satisfactory quality of life between the both groups was noted. Conclusion: Results of this study reveals that post hysterectomy quality of life found more satisfactory in vaginal hysterectomy group as compared to abdominal hysterectomy group. Insignificant association of post hysterectomy quality of life with age group, marital status, parity and socio-economical status was found. Findings of this study also revealed that post hysterectomy satisfactory quality of life is not associated with education of the patients. Key words: Hysterectomy, Quality of life, abdomen, vagina, WHO, Uterus
Comparison between Pendant Positions versus Traditional Sitting Positions for Successful Spinal Puncture in Patients Undergoing Caesarean Deliveries
Authors: Tariq Noman , Dar Shahid Rasool , Abaidullah Khalid , Riaz Sunila
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the effectiveness among pendant position and traditional sitting position in term of successful spinal puncture in patients underwent caesarean deliveries. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients were included. Patient’s detailed demographics were recorded after taking written consent. Patients were aged between 20-50 years. Patients were equally divided into two groups, group I had 90 patients underwent pendant position and group II had 90 patients and underwent for traditional sitting. Randomly one of two positions was performed with the L3-L4 interface in spinal puncture. Time for successful spinal puncture, number of needle to bone contacts and total number of attempts were calculated. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 27.6±17.04 years with mean BMI 24.25±2.63 kg/m2 and in group II, mean age was 29.23±14.24 years with mean BMI 26.55±6.36 kg/m2. Mean height of patients in group I was 2.6524±1.0054 meter and in group II was 2.6516±1.0042 meter. Weight of the patients in group I 63.48±22.13 kg and in group II was 65.46±17.19 kg. Success rate after first attempt in group I was 80 (94.44%) and group II was 72 (80%). For spinal needle insertion, fewer mean times was observed in group I 19.55±11.221 sec as compared to group II 28.14±18.226 sec. Number of needle to bone contacts was higher 66.7% in group I and in group II 40%. Number of attempt was less in group I as compared to group II. Conclusion: The pendant position in the pregnant women who had a caesarean sector was much better than the standard position in order to provide the 1st attempt of spinal puncture. Keywords: Caesarean, Spinal anaesthesia, Traditional sitting, Pendant position
Terasele și specificul evoluției văilor râurilor bazinului hidrografic Răut
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Boboc Nicolae
Published: August 2021

In the paper, after presenting the terraces identification methodology (field research, drilling data, fauna remains, cartographic materials, satellite images, and bibliographic sources), describes rock type structure and morphometric parameters of terraces and rivers beds levels in the area of the biggest hydrographic basin located between the Prut and Nistru rivers – the Raut river basin. They identified and described five Pleistocene terraces and two levels of the upper Pliocene age in the river’s valleys. A detailed rivers terraces levels analysis showed that fault and folded formations found in the sedimentary cover of Moldovan plate, together with hydrologic characteristics and basic level oscillations were part of the fluvial morphogenesis during Neogene and Pleistocene age.
Caracteristici morfometrice ale reliefului bazinului râului Bucovăț
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Craciun Andrei , Bejan Iurie ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

In the sense of digital terrain modeling, there is a set of techniques for obtaining a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). But, as expected, modeling the terrestrial surface, its representation in a virtual space, involves certain problems that are related to the surface specificity itself and our way of measuring it. Numerical altitude models, once performed, find their usefulness as input data for derivation of some topographical attributes of geomorphometric parameters, morphometric variables or general information about the land respectively.
Estimation of streams order according to strahler classification system using GIS. Case study: streams of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Jeleapov Ana
Published: August 2021

The paper contains the results of classification of rivers and streams of the Republic of Moldova according to classic Strahler method. Mentioned method was applied to estimate the hierarchical rank of the stream segments situated in 50 pilot basins using modern GIS techniques and drainage network of the GIS for Water Resources of Moldova. It was estimated that the maximal order of segments is 7 specific for the Raut and Ialpug rivers. Overall, length of 1st order streams forms 50%, while that of 7th order streams - < 1%. Additionally, stream number and frequency as well as drainage density were calculated for pilot river basins.
Resursele apelor de suprafață ale districtului hidrografic Dunărea – Prut și marea Neagra
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Boboc Nicolae , Bejan Iurie ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

With a total area of approximately 14,770 km2, which makes up 43.6% of the country's surface, DPBS DRB is characterized by modest water resources. Total surface water resources make up about 3.39 km3 / year (25.32% of the Republic of Moldova's water resources). In the multiannual leakage of both Prut and internal rivers from Prut - Nistru, several cycles with different leakage rates are recorded, a phenomenon probably influenced by the cyclicality of solar activity.
Solurile bazinului hidrografic Larga (colinele Tigheciului). Tipologie, răspândire și proprietăți
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Bunduc Tatiana
Published: August 2021

Soil research offers multiple ways of approach. In the present paper, it has been chosen to study the soil in a well-personalized system, such as the Larga basin. This approach facilitates the understanding of the mechanisms governing the development, spreading and soil properties. The research carried out was based on extensive bibliographic documentation that gave us the necessary information, especially for their typology (correlation of soil types from different classification systems). Correlation with this system ensures the international circulation of soil information in this territory, facilitating participation in international projects.
Mean monthly precipitation of the driest month in the context of climatic changes
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Crivova Olga
Published: August 2021

În articol este descrisă analiza temporală și spațială a cantităților de precipitații din cea mai uscată lună. Se efectuează o clasificare parțială a climei în conformitate cu sistemul Koppen-Trewartha. Schimbările climatice duc la scăderea cantităților de precipitații ale a celei mai uscate luni pentru majoritatea stațiilor meteorologice din Republica Moldova, în timp ce subtipul climatic s-a schimbat de la Ds (clima moderată, vara uscată) la Dw (clima moderată, iarna uscată).
The typology of water body delineation in the Prut river basin (Moldova)
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Sirodoev Ghenadie , Mitul Efrem ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

The typification of water bodies of the Prut basin was agreed upon with the Dniester basin and the Romanian side. Received 88 sub-basins summarized in 12 types of water bodies.
Moştenire de LA V. V. Dokuceaev
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Curcubat Stela , Nagacevschi Tatiana ,   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova
Published: August 2021

The progress of knowledge about soils in the world and at the national level has established that soil is an organically-mineral body, self-contained, possessing a characteristic specific to its own - fertility. The Russian soil scientist V.V. Dokuceaev writes (1900) that the soils of Bessarabia are particularly fertile, showing a collection of soil samples collected by the scientist during his expedition (1898), a collection that is located at the Museum of Natural Sciences of the State University of Moldova. The quality of soils, during their evolution and being used in agriculture, has suffered a significant degradation.
Impactul inundaţiilor pluviale din Republica Moldova și măsurile de diminuare a lui
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Mindru Galina
Published: August 2021

In the Republic of Moldova, the main factor contributing to the floods is the torrential rains from the warm semester of the year, which create favorable conditions for triggering strong, sometimes catastrophic floods in the rivers of the republic, especially in the smaller ones. During the study period, 40 floods with significant damage were recorded in the country, with an annual frequency ranging from 0 to 12 cases. In the administrativeterritorial profile, the damages caused by the aforementioned floods varied greatly. Based on the statistical data, a digital map was developed reflecting the degree of exposure of the territory of the Republic of Moldova in the administrative-territorial aspect to the mentioned risk, expressed by the value of the damages caused. In order to reduce the impact caused by the flood floods, measures have been developed to prevent, reduce and combat the negative effects of that risk.
Agresivitatea pluvială și periculozitatea exceselor pluviometrice în posibilitatea declanșării proceselor erozionale
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Nedealcov Maria
Published: August 2021

Excessive amounts of atmospheric precipitation can cause intense soil erosion, landslides, inundation and floods. Torrential rains have the force to displace and transport soil particles, so the risk of soil erosion becomes real, as many times as atmospheric precipitations have a devastating character. In this context, it is extremely useful to know the particularities of the torrential rains in the current regional climate. At this stage, the Fournier (IF) pluvial aggression index is becoming more and more prevalent. This paper is dedicated to the use of this index with the pluviometric Excess Danger index (IPP) developed at regional level. The results obtained show close concordance between these indices for temporal estimations. Spatial analyzes highlight the role of slopes' orientation in distributing the pluviometric Excess Danger index and slopes' degree of inclination in the case of the Fournier pluvial aggression index. The results obtained are useful in the efficient use of agricultural land and in the elaboration of measures for the improvement of degraded soils.
Frecvenţa ploilor torenţiale și impactul lor pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Nedealcov Maria , Mindru Galina ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Turcan Viorica ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

An analysis of heavy rains from 1985–2015 that fell within 24 hours or less allowed us to determine the frequency of precipitation with a quantitative threshold of ≥ 30, ≥ 50, ≥ 100 and ≥ 150 mm when developing a digital map. frequency distribution of these rains in the republic. Thus, it was found that the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova is at risk of flooding caused by heavy rains with threshold values ≥30 and ≥ 50 mm, precipitated within 24 hours or less, heavy rains with precipitation ≥ 100 and ≥ 150 mm. affects the territory of the republic only locally. The exposure of the territory of the republic to the risk of heavy rains in the warm season was also estimated, reflecting areas with varying degrees of exposure of the republic to this risk, expressed by the magnitude of the damage caused in the territorial-administrative profiles.
Utilizarea teoriei valorilor extreme în climatologie
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Raileanu Valentin
Published: August 2021

The article briefly describes the history and fields of application of the theory of extreme values, including climatology. The data format, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) probability distributions with Bock Maxima, the Generalized Pareto (GP) distributions with Point of Threshold (POT) and the analysis methods are presented. Estimating the distribution parameters is done using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Free R software installation, the minimum set of required commands and the GUI in2extRemes graphical package are described. As an example, the results of the GEV analysis of a simulated data set in in2extRemes are presented.
Analiza temperaturilor maxime și minime anuale în Chișinău
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Raileanu Valentin
Published: August 2021

The article briefly describes the fields of application of the theory of extreme values, including climatology. The data format and the analysis methods of the annual maxima and minima temperatures in Chisinau are presented. Free R software and the GUI in2extRemes graphical package are used. Estimating the parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value distribution and return levels vs return periods is done using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method.
EU environmental directives in the development of the lower Raut river basin management plan
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Drumea Dumitru
Published: August 2021

Studiul a fost realizat pentru prezentarea oportunităților de dezvoltarea durabilă în RRI prin aplicarea prevederilor Directivelor de mediu ale UE, și atingerea stării bune a ecosistemelor acvatice care au fost deteriorate în perioada sovietică prin folosirea intensivă a agrochimicatelor, utilizarea irațională a resurselor de apă, deversărilor necontrolate a apelor uzate. În această perioadă nu existau oportunitățile privind cooperarea internațională și atragerea celor mai bune practici de management al mediului. Actualmente cooperarea cu UE se desfășoară în baza realizării prevederilor directivelor respective. Articolul prezintă primele rezultate obținute în cadru consultării cu APL, lecțiile învățate privind cooperarea cu UE la nivel local.
Rolul nutrienților în poluarea difuză a corpurilor de apă din bazinul hidrografic Răut
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Mogildea Vladimir , Bejan Iurie ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Tugulea Andrian ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

The amount of organic substance, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from diffuse sources in the Răut Hydrographic Basin was evaluated. It was found that out of total nitrogen, 66% is produced by livestock, 29% is formed in human agglomerations, and 5% is nitrogen from household waste. Phosphorus is produced by livestock -46%, by agglomerations of -49% and by 5% of household waste. The spatial distribution of nutrients on small river basins is relatively uniform. The major risk for water bodies in the BHR not to achieve a "good environmental status", under the Water Framework Directive, is current land use, in particular the weight and management of agricultural land.
Unele aspecte a stării sănătății populației în raioanele Orhei și Telenești
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Bodrug Nicolae
Published: August 2021

Environmental pollution affects population health depending on the extension and the degree of exposure to environmental factors. In most cases it is difficult to obtain an accurate situation of exposure of population to harmful factors. Health status is determined by: human biology, ecological factors, the socio-economic situation of each person, and the quality of medical services. In according to regional peculiarities the interdependence of those factors could vary, but not significantly. The environmental risks are everywhere but diminishing them may improve the health status of the population.
Evaluări silvopatologice în arboretele de cvercinee (studiu de caz)
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Donica Ala , Raileanu Natalia ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

The study aim was to identify the impact of the major defoliator pests of oaks, in correlation with the main oaks phenological phenomena and the development of various pests stages, to better understand the vitality of forest ecosystems, the causes and effects of stress factors. It was determined that the most aggressive pests of oaks in the studied stands were on the leaves: insects of fam.Cynipidae, Totrix viridana, Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera rumata, Tischeria complanella, insects of fam.Argidae; and on the fruit - Balaninus glandium. The actions of the insects were directly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors. The use of pheromone traps has proved to be an effective method in monitoring the pests of the investigated stands and has allowed the determination of outbreaks for the development of sp.Totrix viridana and Lymantria dispar. During the growing season, through crown defoliation, trees have gone from healthy tree to moderate and severe ones. The study suggests the need to develop effective strategies and measures to protect forests in the face of environmental changes.
Aspecte corologice ale speciilor de stejari (Quercus Robur, Q. Petraea, Q. Pubescens) pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Donica Ala , Jechiu Iradion ,   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2021

Environmental changes will in large part affect the growth and survival of forests in the future, especially in peripheral and transitional areas of ecosystems, such as forests in the Republic of Moldova (central mesophilic forests from North and the center of the country are at the South-East limit of its natural area). In the future, the distribution of oak populations in response to climate change will depend on the potential of species migrating, by spreading seeds to more favorable locations (eg.: to the North), natural selection with actions on a different genetic basis (in the case of large populations), and the flow of genes from other populations, which will favor rapid adaptation. However, many tree populations will be drastically tested in their adaptive potential, so human intervention will be needed. By climate aridization and its associated processes, the areas of the Quercus petraea and Q.robur, at the southern, south-eastern and eastern border of the species on the territory of the country, will be restricted, with the North-Eastern expansion of the current habitats of Quercus pubescens.
Aspecte privind impactul natural și antropic asupra solurilor și productivității culturilor din regiunea de dezvoltare centru
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Crismaru Valentin
Published: August 2021

This paper present data regarding natural impact and anthropic over soils in Development Region Central. Due to the intensive exploitation of the land and natural resources the ecological situation worsened considerably as result negative impact over the soil of Region Central. The natural impact and anthropic of agriculture and pressure of various factors, also led to decrease of soil quality and growth the area of soils eroded. Also was a big influence to crops productivity.
Impactul asupra pășunilor în raionul Telenești din Republica Moldova: probleme și soluții
Authors:   Institutul de Ecologie si Geografie, Republica Moldova, Cocirta Petru
Published: August 2021

This article describes the main features of the pastures in Telenești district of the Republic of Moldova. The main data are presented: the evolution of pasture lands between 2005-2017; the levels of the impact of domestic animals on pastures, depending on their categories; some management features and general conclusions.
Starea actuală a geosistemelor din zona de litoral a mării Negre și unele tendinţe
Authors:   Colegiul de Ecologie, Republica Moldova, Chirica Lazăr
Published: August 2021

The Black Sea is a unique basin with a complicated geological history, a hidrobiological regime that has changed much in time and has significant level variation throughout it’s evolution. Is the most important development basin of chemolitoatotrophic bacteria that influences the unprecedented development of hydrogen sulphide (𝐻2S) an anaeropic processes are present, which express the basin’s meromic character.
The Participatory Budget Experiment in Delhi and Warsaw: a Comparison
Authors: Iwanek Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to compare the two fresh and in-progress experiments in participatory budget on local level in two state capitals: New Delhi in India and Warsaw in Poland. As of now, the recently chosen AAP government has introduced participatory budget as an experiment in 2015 in 11 legislative assembly constituencies of Delhi. In Poland, however, such exercises have been introduced in a number of cities in all of their administrative areas and therefore the exercise straddles the Polish political divides. Therefore, I would like analyse how can the Warsaw participatory budget experience be relevant and inspiring for the ongoing Delhi participatory budget exercise.This paper was originally presented and the ‘Economics and Politics of Local Governments: The Indian Experience’ conference, Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata, December 28-29, 2015.
A NEW ERA FOR MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN NIGERIA: A GUIDE TO ACHIEVEMENT OF ENHANCED ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND SUCCESS
Authors: HABIB MARYAM ABDULLAHI
Published: August 2021

Management accountants, in the conventional and contemporary age, have contributed to the development of organisations with regards organisational performance and success which has proven to be latent in Nigeria. The differences in development of organisational performance are dependent of the factors which have influenced both facets of roles of management accountants in Nigeria. This study compares the conventional and contemporary roles of management accountants and their contribution towards enhanced organisational performance and success in Nigeria. Secondary sources were analysed and information was gathered in the bid to produce literature on the issue of concern. The study shows that even with its current situation, management accountants, to varying extents, contribute to organisational performance and success. The study serves as a steer to academicians, potential employees, practicing management accountants and students in ensuring that these roles move with changes in the business environment for the sake of organisational performance and success.
“Management of individuals using assistive technology”
Authors: Athanasopoulou Lambrine
Published: August 2021

In this paper, it is examined whether the individuals use assistive technology and indicatively what tools they use in their business environment or in their studies regarding the students of this research, increasing their productivity in their work, too. The sample is divided into two teams (Team A‟ & B‟), that means individuals with and without learning difficulties.The results supported the hypothesis that the individuals with learning difficulties used assistance technology in their work or in their studies in comparison with the adults without learning difficulties