bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Solar Energy for Aquaculture: The Potential and Future Trends
Authors: Vo Thi Thu Em , Ko Hyeyoung , Huh Jun-Ho , Park Namje
Published: October 2021

The rapid growth of aquaculture production has required a huge power demand, which is estimated to be about 40% of the total energy cost. However, it is possible to reduce this expense using alternatives such as renewable energy (i.e., solar energy) instead of non-renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources and is touted as a potential renewable energy source for the world with benefits such as reducing CO2 emissions, reversing global warming by being eco-friendly, and bringing innovation to sustainable aquaculture and potential cost-efficiency for manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of using non-renewable and renewable energy sources for aquaculture by reviewing several articles and applications of solar energy at many companies in the world. Moreover, this review shows potential and future trends using solar energy for aquaculture.
Three-Dimensional Pore-Scale Simulation of Flow and Thermal Non-Equilibrium for Premixed Gas Combustion in a Random Packed Bed Burner
Authors: Lv Jinsheng , Shi Junrui , Mao Mingming , He Fang
Published: October 2021

Pore-scale studies of premixed gas combustion in a packed bed is conducted to study the flow and thermal non-equilibrium phenomenon in packed bed. The 3D random packed bed is generated using the EDEM software and solid surface radiation is computed using Discrete Ordinates (DO) model. The simulations are carried out using a commercial software package based on the finite volume method. It is shown that the local variation of species mass fraction, reaction rate et al. in pores near the flame front is significant, the radiation heat flux is transferred layer-by-layer. Cold flow simulation without reaction reveals that flow non-equilibrium is one of the essential characteristics of packing bed and increase in flow velocity leads to intensify non-equilibrium phenomenon. The distributions for content of axial velocity and gas temperature are wave-like shape in the burner and vary with time.
Functional Safety BMS Design Methodology for Automotive Lithium-Based Batteries
Authors: Marcos David , Garmendia Maitane , Crego Jon , Cortajarena José
Published: October 2021

The increasing use of lithium batteries and the necessary integration of battery management systems (BMS) has led international standards to demand functional safety in electromobility applications, with a special focus on electric vehicles. This work covers the complete design of an enhanced automotive BMS with functional safety from the concept phase to verification activities. Firstly, a detailed analysis of the intrinsic hazards of lithium-based batteries is performed. Secondly, a hazard and risk assessment of an automotive lithium-based battery is carried out to address the specific risks deriving from the automotive application and the safety goals to be fulfilled to keep it under control. Safety goals lead to the technical safety requirements for the next hardware design and prototyping of a BMS Slave. Finally, the failure rate of the BMS Slave is assessed to verify the compliance of the developed enhanced BMS Slave with the functional safety Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) C. This paper contributes the design methodology of a BMS complying with ISO 26262 functional safety standard requirements for automotive lithium-based batteries.
The Regulation of Plant Vegetative Phase Transition and Rejuvenation: miRNAs, a Key Regulator
Authors: Raihan Tajbir , Geneve Robert L. , Perry Sharyn E. , Rodriguez Lopez Carlos M.
Published: October 2021

In contrast to animals, adult organs in plants are not formed during embryogenesis but generated from meristematic cells as plants advance through development. Plant development involves a succession of different phenotypic stages and the transition between these stages is termed phase transition. Phase transitions need to be tightly regulated and coordinated to ensure they occur under optimal seasonal, environmental conditions. Polycarpic perennials transition through vegetative stages and the mature, reproductive stage many times during their lifecycles and, in both perennial and annual species, environmental factors and culturing methods can reverse the otherwise unidirectional vector of plant development. Epigenetic factors regulating gene expression in response to internal cues and external (environmental) stimuli influencing the plant’s phenotype and development have been shown to control phase transitions. How developmental and environmental cues interact to epigenetically alter gene expression and influence these transitions is not well understood, and understanding this interaction is important considering the current climate change scenarios, since epigenetic maladaptation could have catastrophic consequences for perennial plants in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here, we review studies focusing on the epigenetic regulators of the vegetative phase change and highlight how these mechanisms might act in exogenously induced plant rejuvenation and regrowth following stress.
High-Permeability Wood with Microwave Remodeling Structure
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Lanying , Fu Feng
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the development of a microwave puffed wood (MPW) with novel and unique structural features in its internal structure that are based on natural wood (NW). The focus of the research was on the comprehensive visualization of the structural characteristics of MPW from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale followed by an exploration of its impregnation capabilities. The results showed that the volume of MPW increased by about 9% compared to NW due to the presence of a large number of cracked cavities. The CT images indicated that there was a significant difference between the macroscopic cracks produced by microwave processing and the natural cracks in the wood. The mercury intrusion test results showed that macro-pores increased while the micro-pores decreased in the MPW compared to in the NW. The MPW showed good fluid permeability and liquid absorption performance. The phenolic resin penetration rate of the MPW was about 20 times that of the NW, and the material absorption was more than 2 times that of the NW. The crack space enabled the MPW to serve as a fluid transportation and a storage warehouse. MPW is a super container based on natural materials. It has broad potential in more fields, such as in wood composite materials.
Climate Signals for Growth Variations of F. sylvatica, P. abies, and P. sylvestris in Southeast Germany over the Past 50 Years
Authors: Debel Annette , Meier Wolfgang Jens-Henrik , Bräuning Achim
Published: October 2021

Since recent drought events have already caused severe damage to trees and droughts in the near future are expected to occur even more frequently, this study investigated the response of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions in the topographically complex region of Bavaria, southeast Germany. For this purpose, climate–growth relationships of important European deciduous and coniferous tree species were investigated over the past 50 years at three middle mountain ranges and corresponding basins. A response analysis between tree-ring width and climate variables was applied to detect modifications in tree responses comparing two 25-year periods at individual forest sites. Furthermore, tree responses to climatic extreme years and seasons were analyzed using a superposed epoch analysis. The results showed that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) proved to be the most vulnerable and least drought-resistant of all investigated tree species. Likewise, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) revealed a higher drought sensitivity over the past 25 years, even though an extended growing season partially improved tree growth at high-elevation sites. In conclusion, all studied tree species were affected by drought events, even at humid high-elevation sites. Correlations with daily climate variables confirmed that even short-term weather conditions could strongly influence trees’ radial growth. Tree responses to climate conditions have shifted significantly between past and present periods but vary considerably among sites and are generally stronger in humid regions than in already dry areas.
Changes in Soil Physical and Chemical Properties during Vegetation Succession on Miyake-jima Island
Authors: Peng Xinhao , Tamura Kenji , Asano Maki , Takano Aya , Kawagoe Minami , Kamijo Takashi
Published: October 2021

The bare lands formed after volcanic eruptions provide an excellent opportunity to study the interactions between vegetation succession and soil formation. To explore the changes in soil physicochemical properties in the vegetation succession processes and the relationship between them, soil physicochemical properties of different volcanic ash accumulation on Miyake-jima Island were studied at different vegetation succession stages. The results showed that soil bulk density gradually decreased and that soil porosity, soil water content (SWC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) increased significantly with vegetation succession. The physicochemical properties changes in the soil surface horizon were most obvious, and the deep soil accumulated a large amount of relatively stable soil carbon and nitrogen. The forest land formed a thicker organic matter horizon, accumulating more carbon and nitrogen than grassland, and the soil quality index (SQI) was higher than that of grassland and shrubland. In conclusion, our research indicates the significant change in soil physicochemical properties and the improvement in soil quality in the vegetation succession processes, emphasizing a significant relationship between vegetation succession and soil development in bare land.
Customized Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extractants for Ultrasonic-Assisted Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Dogbane Leaf-Tea
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Zhang Weimin , He Ruiping , Li Wu , Wang Lu
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates the application of eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from dogbane leaf-tea (DLT). The results showed DESs with lower viscosity allowed an efficient extraction of significantly higher contents of total phenolics or flavonoids. An innovative and high-efficient solvent, choline chloride-levulinic acid (ChCl-LevA), was screened and used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from DLT. According to full factorial design experimental results, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and anti-α-glucosidase activity (α-GIA) of the DLT extracts were simultaneously optimized by response surface methodology. Sonication temperature and water content in ChCl-LevA were found to be the major factors affecting the TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and α-GIA of DLT extracts. Under the optimum parameters (water content in ChCl-LevA was 45%, sonication temperature was 50 °C, and extraction time was 30 min), the measured results for all the responses were obtained as follows: TPC-91.38 ± 7.20 mg GAE/g DW, TFC-84.12 ± 3.47 mg RE/g DW, ABTS+-492 ± 7.33 mmol TE/g DW, FRAP-6235 ± 121 μmol Fe(II)/g DW and α-GIA-230 ± 7.59 mmol AE/g DW, which were consistent with the predicted values. In addition, strongly significant positive correlations were observed between TPC/TFC and bio-activities of the DLT extracts. HPLC results indicated high contents of (-)-epigallocatechin (4272 ± 84.86 μg/g DW), catechin (5268 ± 24.53 μg/g DW), isoquercitrin (3500 ± 86.07 μg/g DW), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (3717 ± 97.71 μg/g DW), and protocatechuic acid (644 ± 1.65 μg/g DW) were observed in the DLT extracts. In contrast to other extraction methods, ChCl-LevA-based UAE yielded higher TPC, TFC, individual phenolic contents, stronger antioxidant activity, and α-GIA. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis further confirmed that ChCl-LevA-based UAE enhanced the disruption of cell wall structure, thereby making more phenolic antioxidants released from DLT. In short, ChCl-LevA-based UAE was confirmed to be an innovative and high-efficient method for extraction of phenolic antioxidants from DLT. Dogbane leaves can be considered as a good tea source rich in natural antioxidants.
Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry and Cranberry Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Luo Yinghua , Yuan Fanghao , Li Yanfang , Wang Junyi (Danny) , Gao Boyan , Yu Liangli (Lucy)
Published: October 2021

The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were examined using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-QTOF MS). A total of 52, 53, 52, 59 and 58 TAGs were detected and tentatively identified from the blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils, respectively, according to their accurate molecular weight in MS1 and fragment ion profiles in MS2. OLL was the most abundant TAG in the blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry seed oils. Furthermore, the fatty acid compositions of the five berry seed oils were directly determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the seed oils had total phenolic contents ranging 13.68–177.06 µmol GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/L oil, and significant scavenging capacities against DPPH, peroxyl, and ABTS+ radicals. These results indicated that the combination of UPC2 and QTOF MS could effectively identify and semi-quantify the TAGs compositions of the berry seed oils with sn-position information for the fatty acids. Understanding the TAGs compositions of these berry seed oils could improve the utilization of these potentially high nutritional value oils for human health.
Exploring Text Mining for Recent Consumer and Sensory Studies about Alternative Proteins
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Gurdian Cristhiam , Sharma Chetan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Torrico Damir D.
Published: October 2021

Increased meat consumption has been associated with the overuse of fresh water, underground water contamination, land degradation, and negative animal welfare. To mitigate these problems, replacing animal meat products with alternatives such as plant-, insect-, algae-, or yeast-fermented-based proteins, and/or cultured meat, is a viable strategy. Nowadays, there is a vast amount of information regarding consumers’ perceptions of alternative proteins in scientific outlets. Sorting and arranging this information can be time-consuming. To overcome this drawback, text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are introduced as novel approaches to obtain sensory data and rapidly identify current consumer trends. In this study, the application of text mining and NLP in gathering information about alternative proteins was explored by analyzing key descriptive words and sentiments from n = 20 academic papers. From 2018 to 2021, insect- and plant-based proteins were the centers of alternative proteins research as these were the most popular topics in current studies. Pea has become the most common source for plant-based protein applications, while spirulina is the most popular algae-based protein. The emotional profile analysis showed that there was no significant association between emotions and protein categories. Our work showed that applying text mining and NLP could be useful to identify research trends in recent sensory studies. This technique can rapidly obtain and analyze a large amount of data, thus overcoming the time-consuming drawback of traditional sensory techniques.
Screening Teams of Moral and Altruistic Agents
Authors: Sarkisian Roberto
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the problem of screening teams of either moral or altruistic agents, in a setting where agents choose whether or not to exert effort in order to achieve a high output for the principal. I show that there exists no separating equilibrium menu of contracts that induces the agents to reveal their types unless the principal either (i) excludes one group from the productive relationship, or (ii) demands different efforts from different preference groups. I also characterize the contract-inducing pooling equilibria in which all agents are incentivized to exert a high level of effort.
Preparation of Agarose Fluorescent Hydrogel Inserted by POSS and Its Application for the Identification and Adsorption of Fe3+
Authors: Fu Zhengquan , Li Ming , Li Yuanhang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Di , Wang Chengyu , Li Jian
Published: October 2021

After entering in water, Fe3+ is enriched in the human body and along the food chain, causing chronic poisoning and irreversible harm to human health. In order to solve this problem, we synthesized citric acid POSS (CAP) from aminopropyl POSS (OAP) and citric acid. Then, we synthesized fluorescent hydrogels (CAP-agarose hydrogel, CAHG) with CAP and agarose. The luminescence mechanism of CAP was investigated by theoretical calculation. CAP plays a dual role in composite hydrogels: one is to give the gels good fluorescence properties and detect Fe3+; the second is that the surface of CAP has a large content of carbonyl and amide groups, so it can coordinate with Fe3+ to enhance the adsorption properties of hydrogels. The experimental results show that the lowest Fe3+ concentration that CAHG can detect is 5 μmol/L, and the adsorption capacity for Fe3+ is about 26.75 mg/g. In a certain range, the fluorescence intensity of CAHG had an exponential relation with Fe3+ concentration, which is expected to be applied to fluorescence sensors. Even at a lower concentration, CAHG can effectively remove Fe3+ from the solution. The prepared fluorescent hydrogel has great potential in the field of fluorescent probes, fluorescent sensors, and ion adsorption. Besides, CAHG can be used as photothermal material after adsorbing Fe3+, allowing for material recycling and reducing material waste.
Introducing the Special Issue on the Experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Children and Families in the Welfare Context
Authors: Wainwwright John
Published: October 2021

This Special Issue explores papers on the experiences of children, young people and families of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) heritage who come into contact with the criminal (youth) justice systems in the UK [...]
Impact of Bicarbonate-β-Lactam Exposures on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Gene Expression in Bicarbonate-β-Lactam-Responsive vs. Non-Responsive Strains
Authors: Ersoy Selvi C. , Hanson Blake M. , Proctor Richard A. , Arias Cesar A. , Tran Truc T. , Chambers Henry F. , Bayer Arnold S.
Published: October 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections represent a difficult clinical treatment issue. Recently, a novel phenotype was discovered amongst selected MRSA which exhibited enhanced β-lactam susceptibility in vitro in the presence of NaHCO3 (termed ‘NaHCO3-responsiveness’). This increased β-lactam susceptibility phenotype has been verified in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Mechanistic studies to-date have implicated NaHCO3-mediated repression of genes involved in the production, as well as maturation, of the alternative penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a, a necessary component of MRSA β-lactam resistance. Herein, we utilized RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes that were differentially expressed in NaHCO3-responsive (MRSA 11/11) vs. non-responsive (COL) strains, in the presence vs. absence of NaHCO3-β-lactam co-exposures. These investigations revealed that NaHCO3 selectively repressed the expression of a cadre of genes in strain 11/11 known to be a part of the sigB-sarA-agr regulon, as well as a number of genes involved in the anchoring of cell wall proteins in MRSA. Moreover, several genes related to autolysis, cell division, and cell wall biosynthesis/remodeling, were also selectively impacted by NaHCO3-OXA exposure in the NaHCO3-responsive strain MRSA 11/11. These outcomes provide an important framework for further studies to mechanistically verify the functional relevance of these genetic perturbations to the NaHCO3-responsiveness phenotype in MRSA.
In Silico and Transcription Analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate Phosphatase Gene Family of Wheat: Trehalose Synthesis Genes Contribute to Salinity, Drought Stress and Leaf Senescence
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Rahman Md Mizanor , Jin Xiujuan , Sun Lili , Zhao Kai , Wang Shuguang , Sikdar Ashim , Noor Hafeez , Jeon Jong-Seong , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Daizhen
Published: October 2021

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) genes take part in trehalose metabolism and also in stress tolerance, which has been well documented in many species but poorly understood in wheat. The present research has identified a family of 31 TPP genes in Triticum aestivum L. through homology searches and classified them into five clades by phylogenetic tree analysis, providing evidence of an evolutionary status with Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon and Oryza sativa. The exon-intron distribution revealed a discrete evolutionary history and projected possible gene duplication occurrences. Furthermore, different computational approaches were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties, conserved domains and motifs, subcellular and chromosomal localization, and three-dimensional (3-D) protein structures. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis predicted that TaTPP promoters consist of CREs related to plant growth and development, hormones, and stress. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the transcription levels of TaTPPs were variable in different developmental stages and organs. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that different TaTPPs were induced under salt and drought stresses and during leaf senescence. Therefore, the findings of the present study give fundamental genomic information and possible biological functions of the TaTPP gene family in wheat and will provide the path for a better understanding of TaTPPs involvement in wheat developmental processes, stress tolerance, and leaf senescence.
Analysis of Endoscopic Evaluation Reliability for Ulcerative Colitis in Histological Remission
Authors: Kanazawa Mimari , Tominaga Keiichi , Yamamiya Akira , Tanaka Takanao , Watanabe Shoko , Sugaya Takeshi , Abe Keiichiro , Kanamori Akira , Arisaka Takahiro , Hoshi Koki , Iijima Makoto , Goda Kenichi , Haruyama Yasuo , Irisawa Atsushi
Published: October 2021

The Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is a major endoscopic scoring system used to assign a status of mucosal inflammation and disease activity to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Using interobserver reliability (IOR), this study clarified the difficulties for endoscopic observers imposed by MES parameters used for the endoscopic evaluation of UC in histological remission. First, 42 endoscopists of four observer groups examined each MES parameter, which were evaluated from endoscopically obtained images of 100 cases as Grade 0 or 1 of the Nancy histological index of histopathological inflammation. Then, IOR was assessed using multiple κ statistics for each finding of MES. The results showed that IOR among all the observers was slight or fair for all the parameters, indicating a low IOR. The experts of the UC practice group had “moderate” or higher IOR for seven of the nine parameters, whereas “slight” or “fair” results were found for all parameters by the trainee group. The IOR for each MES parameter was calculated separately for the observer groups. All the groups showed “slight” or “fair” for “Erythema” and “Decreased vascular pattern”. Large differences between the endoscopists were found in the IOR for the MES parameters in UC in histological remission. Even among UC practice experts, the IOR was low for “Erythema” and “Decreased vascular pattern”.
Iranian Glazed Ceramics of the 12th—Beginning of the 13th Centuries in the Volga Bulgaria
Authors: Valiulina Svetlana
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of Iranian art ceramics from the monuments of the Volga Bulgaria of the 12th to early 13th centuries. As a historical source, glazed ceramics have great opportunities in determining the directions of trade and cultural links, as well as priorities of intercultural interaction. It is especially important that the materials under consideration were obtained as a result of excavations, which means that they are stratified and provided with an archaeological context. Iranian ceramics are represented by fritware luster, mina’i, and pierced decoration. The study was carried out using morphological and stylistic methods and scanning electron microscopy method (SEM-EDS). Based on the results of the work, the technological characteristics of glazed ceramics, the stability of the craft tradition, and some changes in recipes within the same morphological group have been determined. The dynamics and chronology of the import flow from Iran to the Middle Volga are established, which revealed correspondence to the main stages of urban culture development of the Volga Bulgaria.
Anxiety about COVID-19 Infection, and Its Relation to Smartphone Addiction and Demographic Variables in Middle Eastern Countries
Authors: Al. Qudah Mohammad Farhan , Albursan Ismael Salamah , Hammad Heba Ibraheem , Alzoubi Ahmad Mohammad , Bakhiet Salaheldin Farah , Almanie Abdullah M. , Alenizi Soltan S. , Aljomaa Suliman S. , Al-Khadher Mohammed M.
Published: October 2021

This study explores the level and frequency of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in some Middle Eastern countries, and differences in this anxiety by country, gender, workplace, and social status. Another aim was to identify the predictive power of anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age in smartphone addiction. The participants were 651 males and females from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt. The participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 73 years (M 33.36, SD = 10.69). A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to examine anxiety about COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the Italian Smartphone Addiction Inventory was used after being translated, adapted, and validated for the purposes of the present study. The results revealed that the percentages of participants with high, average, and low anxiety about COVID-19 infection were 10.3%, 37.3%, and 52.4%, respectively. The mean scores of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in the four countries were average: Egypt (M = 2.655), Saudi Arabia (M = 2.458), the United Arab Emirates (M = 2.413), and Jordan (M = 2.336). Significant differences in anxiety about COVID-19 infection were found between Egypt and Jordan, in favor of Egypt. Significant gender differences were found in favor of females in the Jordanian and Egyptian samples, and in favor of males in the Emirati sample. No significant differences were found regarding workplace and social status. The results also revealed a significant positive relationship between anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age on the one hand, and smartphone addiction on the other. The strongest predictor of smartphone addiction was anxiety about COVID-19 infection, followed by daily use hours. Age did not significantly contribute to the prediction of smartphone addiction. The study findings shed light on the psychological health and cognitive aspects of anxiety about COVID-19 infection and its relation to smartphone addiction.
Risks of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Due to Contaminated Surfaces: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mohamadi Marjan , Babington-Ashaye Awa , Lefort Agnès , Flahault Antoine
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak is a global health concern. Understanding the transmission modes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is key to limit the spread of the pandemic. A lack of knowledge about the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection through contaminated surfaces is noticeable and recent studies have stated conflicting findings. This scoping review aims to understand the risks of contaminations via fomites better. Relevant publications were selected through Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library, with related keywords. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Out of the 565 articles found, exclusion criteria were applied, duplicates removed, and a total of 25 articles were finally included in the study. The included documents were assessed by the contamination risk: “low” (37.5%), “high” (16.7%), “plausible” (8.3%), “unlikely” (8.3%) risk, and “insufficient evidence” (29.2%). Research in hospital settings was found as the main setting in the reviewed papers, which precisely indicated the risk of contaminated surfaces. This scoping review underscores the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection via contaminated surfaces assessed as low in the majority of the reviewed articles. Further evaluation of the risk of the virus transmission by fomites and providing adequate information on its infectivity via contaminated surfaces in real-life conditions is essential.
Adherence to Psychological First Aid after Exposure to a Traumatic Event at Work among EMS Workers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tessier Marine , Lamothe Josianne , Geoffrion Steve
Published: October 2021

Managing post-traumatic stress reactions in the first few days after exposure to a potentially traumatic event in the course of one’s work remains a challenge for first responder organizations such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed approach to reducing initial distress and promoting short- and long-term coping strategies among staff in the aftermath of exposure. PFA provided by peer helpers is considered a promising solution for first responder organizations. Unfortunately, first responders may encounter stigma and barriers to mental health care. Therefore, a deeper investigation is needed regarding adherence over time to implemented PFA intervention. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore factors that influence adherence to PFA intervention of recipients and peer helpers. EMS workers (n = 11), working as PFA peer helpers for one year, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis; intercoder reliability (κ = 0.91) was also used. Researchers identified four themes and 11 subthemes influencing adherence to PFA intervention: (1) individual perceptions and attitudes of peer helpers and recipients about pfa intervention; (2) perceived impacts on peer helpers and recipients; (3) organizational support to pfa intervention; and (4) congruence with the occupational culture. Study findings herein suggest that it is conceivable to act on various factors to improve adherence to PFA intervention among peer helpers and recipients within EMS organization. This could lead to enhanced understanding of the challenges involved in sustaining a peer led PFA program for first responders.
Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin
Authors: Liu Yuepeng , Yang Chuanfeng , Yu Xinyang , Wang Mengwen , Qi Wei
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the landscape patterns and non-point source (NPS) pollution distribution in Qixia County, China. The sub-basin classification was conducted based on a digital elevation model and Landsat8 satellite images. Water samples were collected from each sub-basin, andtheir water quality during the wet and dry seasons was estimated. The correlation between the landscape indices and water pollution indicators was determined by Pearson analysis. The location-weighted landscape contrast index (LWLCI) was calculated based on the “source-sink” theory. Qixia was further divided into five sections based on the LWLCI score to illustrate the potential risk of NPS pollution. The results showed that the water quality in Qixia County was generally good. Cultivated land, orchards, construction areas, and unused land were positively correlated with the water pollution index and weredesignated as the “source” landscape categories, while forests, grasslands, and water bodies, which were negatively correlated with water pollution, were the “sink” landscapes; the LWCI was high in 36.94% of the study area. In these areas, measures such as increasing vegetation buffer zones are necessary to decrease the sediment and nutrient loads carried by precipitation.
The Impact of Sustainability Goals on Productivity Growth: The Moderating Role of Global Warming
Authors: Máté Domicián , Novotny Adam , Meyer Daniel Francois
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper was to gain novel insights into the complex relationships among Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in shaping productivity (GDP/capita) growth. Using dynamic panel regressions on data collected in 138 countries between 2000 and 2017, we found that rising temperatures negatively affect growth and mitigate the impact of other SDGs on growth. We also found that CO2 emissions have a U-shaped relationship with growth; life expectancy negatively influences growth (positively moderated by rising temperatures), and food security positively impacts growth (negatively moderated by rising temperatures). This study highlights the difficulty of simultaneously implementing SDGs and elucidates novel research perspectives and policies to decrease the negative impacts of climate change on socio-economic and environmental well-being.
Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Maryland
Authors: Hall Jonathan , Galarraga Joseph , Berman Isabelle , Edwards Camryn , Khanjar Niya , Kavi Lucy , Murray Rianna , Burwell-Naney Kristen , Jiang Chengsheng , Wilson Sacoby
Published: October 2021

Maryland’s growing chicken industry, including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and meat processing plants, raises a number of concerns regarding public health and environmental justice. Using hot spot analysis, we analyzed the totality of Maryland’s CAFOs and meat processing plants and those restricted to the Eastern Shore to assess whether communities of color and/or low socioeconomic status communities disproportionately hosted these types of facilities at the census tract level. We used zero-inflated regression modeling to determine the strength of the associations between environmental justice variables and the location of CAFOs and meatpacking facilities at the State level and on the Eastern Shore. Hot spot analyses demonstrated that CAFO hot spots on the Eastern Shore were located in counties with some of the lowest wealth in the State, including the lowest ranking county—Somerset. Zero-inflated regression models demonstrated that increases in median household income across the state were associated with a 0.04-unit reduction in CAFOs. For every unit increase in the percentage of people of color (POC), there was a 0.02-unit increase in meat processing facilities across the state. The distribution of CAFOs and meat processing plants across Maryland may contribute to poor health outcomes in areas affected by such production, and contribute to health disparities and health inequity.
Lower Spermatozoal PIWI-LIKE 1 and 2 Transcript Levels Are Significantly Associated with Higher Fertilization Rates in IVF
Authors: Giebler Maria , Greither Thomas , Handke Diana , Seliger Gregor , Behre Hermann M.
Published: October 2021

The four human PIWI-LIKE gene family members PIWI-LIKE 1–4 play a pivotal role in stem cell maintenance and transposon repression in the human germline. Therefore, dysregulation of these genes negatively influences the genetic stability of the respective germ cell and subsequent development and maturation. Recently, we demonstrated that a lower PIWI-LIKE 2 mRNA expression in ejaculated spermatozoa is more frequent in men with oligozoospermia. In this study, we analysed how PIWI-LIKE 1–4 mRNA expression in ejaculated spermatozoa predicts ART outcome. From 160 IVF or ICSI cycles, portions of swim-up spermatozoa used for fertilization were collected, and the total RNA was isolated. PIWI-LIKE 1–4 mRNA expression was measured by qPCR using TaqMan probes with GAPDH as a reference gene. PIWI-LIKE 1 and 2 transcript levels in the spermatozoa of the swim-up fraction were positively correlated to each other (rS = 0.78; p < 0.001). Moreover, lower PIWI-LIKE 2 mRNA levels, as well as lower PIWI-LIKE 1 mRNA levels, in these spermatozoa were positively associated with a fertilization rate ≥ 50% in the respective ART cycles (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0499, Mann–Whitney U-Test). When separately analysing IVF and ICSI cycles, PIWI-LIKE 1 and 2 transcript levels were only significantly associated to increased fertilization rates in IVF, yet not in ICSI cycles. Spermatozoal PIWI-LIKE 3 and 4 transcript levels were not significantly associated to fertilization rates in ART cycles. In conclusion, lower levels of spermatozoal PIWI-LIKE 1 and 2 mRNA levels are positively associated with a higher fertilization rate in IVF cycles.
Free Radical Generation in Far-UV Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Assays—Protein and Buffer Composition Contribution
Authors: Ruzza Paolo , Honisch Claudia , Hussain Rohanah , Siligardi Giuliano
Published: October 2021

A useful tool to analyze the ligands and/or environmental contribution to protein stability is represented by the Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism UV-denaturation assay that consists in the acquisition of several consecutive repeated far-UV SRCD spectra. Recently we demonstrated that the prevailing mechanism of this denaturation involves the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we analyzed the effect of buffering agents commonly used in spectroscopic measurements, including MOPS (3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), TRIS-HCl (tris-hydroxymethil aminomethane hydrochloride), and phosphate, on the efficiency of protein denaturation caused by exposure to UV radiation. Fluorescence experiments confirmed the presence of ROS and were used to determine the rate of ROS generation. Our results indicate that the efficiency of the denaturation process is strongly influenced by the buffer composition with MOPS and HEPES acting also as scavengers and that the presence of proteins itself influenced the ROS formation rate.
The Influence of Tea Tree Oil on Antifungal Activity and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Pluronic® F-127 Gel Formulations with Ketoconazole
Authors: Wróblewska Magdalena , Szymańska Emilia , Winnicka Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Fungal skin infections are currently a major clinical problem due to their increased occurrence and drug resistance. The treatment of fungal skin infections is based on monotherapy or polytherapy using the synergy of the therapeutic substances. Tea tree oil (TTO) may be a valuable addition to the traditional antifungal drugs due to its antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. Ketoconazole (KTZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent commonly used as a treatment for dermatological fungal infections. The use of hydrogels and organogel-based formulations has been increasing for the past few years, due to the easy method of preparation and long-term stability of the product. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and characterize different types of Pluronic® F-127 gel formulations containing KTZ and TTO as local delivery systems that can be applied in cases of skin fungal infections. The influence of TTO addition on the textural, rheological, and bioadhesive properties of the designed formulations was examined. Moreover, the in vitro release of KTZ, its permeation through artificial skin, and antifungal activity by the agar diffusion method were performed. It was found that obtained gel formulations were non-Newtonian systems, showing a shear-thinning behaviour and thixotropic properties with adequate textural features such as hardness, compressibility, and adhesiveness. Furthermore, the designed preparations with TTO were characterized by beneficial bioadhesive properties. The presence of TTO improved the penetration and retention of KTZ through the artificial skin membrane and this effect was particularly visible in hydrogel formulation. The developed gels containing TTO can be considered as favourable formulations in terms of drug release and antifungal activity.
BIM-Based Pavement Management Tool for Scheduling Urban Road Maintenance
Authors: Oreto Cristina , Massotti Luigi , Biancardo Salvatore Antonio , Veropalumbo Rosa , Viscione Nunzio , Russo Francesca
Published: October 2021

The latest advancements in road asphalt materials and construction technologies have increased the difficulty for engineers to select the appropriate pavement design solution with consideration of proper timing for maintenance planning. On the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools allow practitioners to efficiently store and manage large amounts of data, supporting decision making in road asphalt pavement design and management. The present work focused on the elaboration of a BIM-based maintenance analysis tool for the specific evaluation of several condition indicators and the selection of proper maintenance solutions designed to include alternative materials and advanced recycling technologies. A traditional BIM workflow was integrated with additional user-defined property sets to investigate the need for maintenance at the present date and predict the degradation curve of the condition indicators through the least square interpolation of time series of data. The analysis tool also provided the selection of available pavement alternatives from a library of designed solutions based on their compliance with project-specific constraints (maximum budget, minimum useful life, and availability of secondary raw materials and in-place recycling technologies). The proposed BIM tool aims to be a practical and dynamic way to integrate maintenance planning considerations into road pavement design, encouraging the use of digital tools in the road industry and ultimately supporting a pavement maintenance decision-making process oriented towards a circular economy.
Expression Profile and Ligand Screening of a Putative Odorant-Binding Protein, AcerOBP6, from the Asian Honeybee
Authors: Zhao Huiting , Peng Zhu , Huang Li , Zhao Shuguo , Liu Miaomiao
Published: October 2021

Olfaction is essential in some behaviors of honeybee, such as nursing, foraging, attracting a mate, social communication, and kin recognition. OBPs (odorant binding proteins) play a key role in the first step of olfactory perception. Here, we focused on a classic OBP with a PBP-GOBP domain from the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana cerana. Beyond that, the mRNA expression profiles and the binding affinity of AcerOBP6 were researched. According to qRT-PCR analysis, AcerOBP6 transcripts were mainly expressed in the antennae of forager bees. In addition, we found that the expression level of AcerOBP6 was higher than that of AmelOBP6. The fluorescence competitive binding assay indicated that the AcerOBP6 protein had binding affinity with most of the tested odors, including queen pheromone, worker pheromone, and floral volatiles, among which the strongest one was linolenic acid (with a Ki value of 1.67). However, AcerOBP6 was not sensitive to the brood pheromones. A further study based on EAG assay revealed that the antennae had the strongest response to 2-heptanone. The EAG recording values of the selected ligands were all reduced after AcerOBP6 was silenced, with 8 of 14 declining significantly (p < 0.01) given that these odors could specifically bind to AcerOBP6. As revealed in our current study, AcerOBP6 might be a crucial protein involved in olfactory recognition for foraging. Overall, the research provides a foundation for exploring the olfactory mechanism of A. cerana cerana.
Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life According to Dental Caries Severity, Body Mass Index and Sociodemographic Indicators in Children with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Alwattban Rawan Rasheed , Alkhudhayr Lama Saleh , Al-Haj Ali Sanaa Najeh , Farah Ra’fat Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to assess the impact of dental caries’ severity, body mass index (BMI), and sociodemographic factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) for special health care needs (SHCN) children and the suitability of their caregivers as proxies to determine OHRQoL. This cross-sectional study recruited 107 pairs of SHCN children and their caregivers and asked them to complete a questionnaire on sociodemographic issues as well as the Arabic version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (A-ECOHIS). This was followed by a dental examination. Dental caries was measured using the dmft/DMFT index, while caries’ severity was also determined. The children’s height and weight were measured, and BMI (kg/m2) was recorded. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Poisson regression models. Our results revealed that the A-ECOHIS score was 10.93, while the OHRQoL was affected in 95.3% of children. The most-reported item was ‘pain in the teeth, mouth, or jaws’ (48.7%). By regression analysis, caries-free children (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.650) or those who had moderate caries (OR: 0.551) were less likely to have a negative impact on their OHRQoL than those with severe caries. Additionally, those whose caregivers had a maximum primary education (OR: 0.656) or whose occupation was in the health sector (OR: 0.721) were less likely to have a negative impact on their OHRQoL. Those who were ≤ 6 years old (OR: 1.188) were more likely to have a negative impact. BMI did not have a significant impact on the OHRQoL of the children. Further, we detected a significant positive correlation between children’s dmft/DMFT scores and the A-ECOHIS scores reported by the mothers. Given these variables, which included dental caries’ severity, but not BMI, and caregivers’ education level and occupation, plus the child’s age group, we found a significant impact on the OHRQoL. However, we found that mothers were better proxies for their children’s OHRQoL.
Social Networks and E-Loyalty: A New Means of Sports Training during COVID-19 Quarantines
Authors: Areiza-Padilla Jose Andres , Galindo-Becerra Tatiana , Del Río Maria Camila
Published: October 2021

Globally, governments implemented several quarantine periods to attempt to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. As a result, people were unable to carry out their daily activities in person, and many began to undertake activities online. Gyms and sports schools were among the economic sectors that were required to physically close their operations at the beginning of these quarantines. Thus, many people stopped exercising and turned to social networks as a form of entertainment. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how consumers found a new form of entertainment in the social networks of gyms and sports schools, which allowed them to be entertained and perform physical exercise at home. In this manner, consumers generated an e-loyalty towards the social networks of the gyms that they previously frequented physically. Thus, based on the e-loyalty of their social networks, gyms were able to identify a mechanism that enabled them to approach their consumers and continue offering a variety of products and services online, taking into account the context of COVID-19.