bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlations between acute phase proteins and the body condition score
Authors: Vargová Mária , Hromada Rudolf , Veszelits Laktičová Katarína , Pošiváková Terézia , Benculák Juraj , Kováč Gabriel
Published: February 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the body condition score, acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and their relationships in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied Cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. Significant differences were found in the means of serum amyloid A (P< 0.01). Haptoglobin concentrations increased from 172.0 ± 0.05 µg/ml to 173.0 ± 0.13 µg/ ml at week 3 and week 1 before the parturition, respectively. The highest value of haptoglobin was recorded in cows 3 weekpost partum. Cows during the early postparturient period had significantly higher serum amyloid A concentrations compared to cows in the prepartal period (P< 0.01). Significantly higher body condition score values were observed in dry cows (from 4.42 ± 0.20 to 4.25 ± 0.15 points) than in cows after parturition (from 3.90 ± 0.12 to 3.25 ± 0.08 points) (P< 0.001). In the assessment of correlations between the selected acute phase proteins significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.213,P< 0.05). Moreover, negative correlations were found between the body condition score and acute phase proteins. Our results show a strong relationship between the decrease of the body condition score and the increase of acute phase proteins in dairy cows around parturition which indicates the process of a certain form of non-specific inflammation at loss of body fat.
Relationship between dystocia and the lactation number, stillbirth and mastitis prevalence in dairy cows
Authors: Juozaitiene Vida , Juozaitis Arunas , Kardisauskas Arvydas , Zymantiene Judita , Zilaitis Vytuolis , Antanaitis Ramūnas , Ruzauskas Modestas
Published: February 2018

Successful management of lactating dairy cows needs to integrate the programs of herd reproduction and health. The objectives of this study was to determine the relationship of dystocia, stillbirths, and the prevalence of mastitis in dairy cow herds. A total of 559 304 Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows were evaluated in relation to calving ease and stillbirths. Moreover, 1498 cows from the aforementioned group were tested for the milk somatic cell count and the presence of udder microbiota in thepost partumperiod. The majority of extremely difficult births were estimated in primiparous and multiparous cows of lactations 6–8 (3.8–4.2% births) (P< 0.0001). Repeatability of dystocia was determined in 82.7% of cows in the following lactation (P< 0.0001). The stillbirth parturition rate was estimated to be 5.37% and shown to be the most important problem in the first calving compared to the second and subsequent calvings (P< 0.0001). Stillbirth was 11.2 × higher in cows with severely difficult calving compared to cows having no calving difficulties or slight calving difficulties (P< 0.0001). Dystocia significantly increased the somatic cell count (P< 0.05) and incidence of mastitis (P< 0.001), in particular mastitis caused byStreptococcus agalactiaeandStaphylococcus aureus.
The effects of iron deficiency on the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in suckling piglets
Authors: Vaňhara Jonáš , Fajt Zdeněk , Blahová Jana , Tykačová Veronika , Píšťková Karolína , Hostovský Martin , Kazatelová Zdenka , Vašek Jan , Svoboda Martin
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of iron deficiency on the oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in suckling piglets. Piglets in the experimental group were given no iron supplement till the age of 21 days. Piglets in the control group were injected i.m. with gleptoferronum at the age of 3 days. Blood samples were taken at 3, 21, 28, and 35 days of age and examined for haematological and biochemical indices. Iron deficiency in the experimental group resulted in the development of anaemia. Significantly lower ceruloplasmin activities in blood plasma were found in the anaemic piglets. The other biochemical indices of the oxidative status (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, carbonyl proteins, super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) were comparable between the experimental and the control group. It can be concluded that apart from lower ceruloplasmin activities the oxidative status of piglets was not affected negatively by iron deficiency.
Multiple primary testicular tumours in the dog – a case report
Authors: Dzimira Stanisław , Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Kubiak-Nowak Dominika
Published: February 2018

A 13-year old male Poodle dog was presented with a considerable disparity in the size of testes. Palpation demonstrated enlargement of the right testicle; smooth surface without any sign of nodular hyperplasia was detected. Both testes were removed, the enlarged one was sent to a histopathology laboratory. Microscopic examination revealed massive neoplastic proliferation of the testicular germ cell tumour (seminoma) and an accompanying smaller tumour originating from the interstitial Leydig cells (Leydigoma), which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Simultaneous occurrence of two different types of tumours in testes is possible, representing a multiple primary malignancy case, which is a rare phenomenon in veterinary practice.
Successful treatment of metaldehyde toxicosis with intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog
Authors: Lelescu Cristina Alexa , Mureșan Cosmin , Muste Aurel , Taulescu Marian Aurel , Neagu Amalia Marina , Nagy Andras Laszlo
Published: February 2018

The aim of the present report is to describe a novel successful treatment approach for metaldehyde poisoning in a dog: intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (ILE). A 2.5-month-old female Labrador Retriever was referred to the Emergency Department following deliberate ingestion of a metaldehyde-containing granular bait. Severe continuous tonic-clonic activity, muscle tremors, loss of consciousness, diffuse congestion of the oral mucosa, tachycardia, tachypnoea and nystagmus were observed upon admission. Additional intravenous administration of a 20% lipid emulsion resulted in normalization of the vital signs and complete neurological recovery. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing ILE in the treatment of canine metaldehyde intoxication and the first description of a case of metaldehyde poisoning in a dog in Romania. Considering the severity of the neurological signs and the fact that no specific antidote is known, treatment can be significantly challenging to the veterinary practitioner. This finding should be included in metaldehyde poisoning therapy protocols, especially when severe clinical signs fail to respond to symptomatic treatment.
Evaluation of frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis in the Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido
Authors: Aniołek Olga , Barc Agnieszka , Jarosińska Anna , Gajewski Zdzisław
Published: February 2018

Microcytosis is observed in healthy Japanese breed dogs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis using a three-grade scale in Japanese dog breeds with special emphasis on the following indices: mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell distribution width. The retrospective study included analyses of blood morphology and blood smear for clinically healthy Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido aged from 6 months to 14 years, performed as a part of preventative care. A total of 74 dogs of both sexes were qualified for the study. The group included both neutered and non-neutered animals (Akita – 17 females, 12 males, Shiba – 24 females, 18 males, Hokkaido – 2 females, 1 male). The blood smear revealed significant anisocytosis in 60.8% and mild anisocytosis in 28.4% of the tested dogs – 89.2% in total. Microcytosis was reported for 25.7% of the tested Japanese breed dogs. Reduced mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were diagnosed in 75.7% and 40.5% of dogs, respectively. Red blood cell distribution width as an anisocytosis indicator exceeded the norm in 12% of the tested dogs. Compared to mixed breed dogs, the Japanese breeds had a reduced mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and significant anisocytosis in the blood smear as well as a higher red blood cell distribution width indicator. Veterinarians should consider these differences when interpreting the results of morphological blood tests.
Faecal detection of the lungworms Crenosoma vulpis and Angiostrongylus vasorum and serological detection of A. vasorum in dogs from the Czech Republic
Authors: Hajnalová Markéta , Svobodová Vlasta , Schnyder Manuela , Schaper Roland , Svoboda Miroslav
Published: February 2018

Dogs are definitive hosts for the lungworms Crenosoma vulpis and Angiostrongylus vasorum. Intermediate hosts are gasteropoda (Mollusca). In the past, lungworms in dogs were rarely identified in the Czech Republic and in neighbouring countries. A total of 253 dogs were sampled for faecal analysis performed by the Baermann method for isolation of first stage larvae (L1) of lungworms. A total of 193 serum samples were collected and analysed by ELISA for the detection of a circulating antigen and specific antibodies against A. vasorum. All dog owners were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Nine dogs (4.7%, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 2.2–8.7%) were positive for the A. vasorum circulating antigen, seven dogs (3.6%, CI: 1.5–7.3%) had specific antibodies against A. vasorum; of these, three animals (1.6%, CI: 0.3–4.5%) were positive for both ELISAs. Most of them were under the age of three years. Only three of 13 seropositive dogs were not healthy, namely, in one dog vomitus was observed and two dogs were pyretic. Faecal samples of 5 dogs were positive for C. vulpis L1 (2.0%, CI: 0.6–4.6%). Angiostrongylus vasorum L1 were found in the faecal sample of one dog (0.4%, CI: 0.01–2.2%). This study illustrates the wide-spread occurrence of lungworms in the Czech Republic. Disease awareness of lungworms among animal owners and veterinarians should be implemented.
The thermal effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on rat testes
Authors: Almášiová Viera , Holovská Katarína , Šimaiová Veronika , Beňová Katarína , Raček Adam , Račeková Enikö , Martončíková Marcela , Mihálik Jozef , Horváthová Františka , Tarabová Lucia , Slanina Tomáš , Cigánková Viera
Published: February 2018

The study focused on the effect of microwave radiation at a dose which commonly does not lead to tissue heating, however, in the rat testes it resulted in accumulation of heat. Adult rats were exposed to whole body pulse radiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and mean power density of 28 W/m2, for 3 h a day for the duration of 3 weeks. Immediately after each irradiation, the body temperature and the testicular temperature were measured in the control and experimental animals. Samples for histological and immunohistochemical analysis were taken after the last irradiation and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. An evaluation of spermatozoa motility was performed using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Although the body temperature of the rats was not elevated after the irradiations, the testicular temperature was significantly increased (P < 0.004). Testes of the experimental animals had considerably dilated and congested blood vessels and the seminiferous epithelium showed degenerative changes. The Leydig cells showed no obvious structural abnormalities. Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes in developing sex cells, Sertoli cells, and endothelial cells. An intensified immunoreactivity to superoxide dismutase 1 was found in spermatogonia and Leydig cells in the experimental animals. Results of the present study revealed a distinctly adverse effect of microwave radiation on the thermoregulatory capability and histological structure of rat testes as well as an oxidative damage of the tissue. The scientific knowledge confirming or denying the thermal effect of microwave radiation on living tissue is scarce and thus the present study may be regarded as unique and helpful to clarify the issue.
Road to Researcher: The Development of Research Self-Efficacy in Higher Education Scholars
Authors: K Niehaus Elizabeth , E Garcia Crystal , Reading Jillian
Published: February 2018

Aim/Purpose: Understanding how students develop a sense of efficacy as researchers can provide faculty members in higher education doctoral programs insight into how to be more effective teachers and mentors, necessitating discipline-specific research on how graduate programs are and can be fostering students’ research self-efficacy (RSE). Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore how doctoral programs and early research experiences contribute to the development of RSE in higher education scholars.

Background: Participants identified elements of the formal and “hidden” curriculum that promoted and inhibited RSE development.

Methodology: We employed multiple case study analysis of 17 individual early career scholars in higher education and student affairs.

Contribution: Findings indicate that the development of RSE is complex, but that Bandura’s four main sources of efficacy are a useful way to understand the types of experiences that students are and should be having to promote RSE. Our findings also highlight the importance of the research training environment in RSE development.

Findings: We found that the formal curriculum of participants’ doctoral programs – their research methods coursework and the process of writing their dissertations – were important facilitators of their RSE development. However, we also found that the “hidden curriculum” – the availability of extracurricular research opportunities, faculty and peer mentoring, and the overall research culture of the doctoral programs – were influential in participants’ development.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Our findings point to a number of implications for higher education graduate programs seeking to improve students’ RSE. First, with regard to coursework, our findings point to the importance of recognizing the negative experiences students may bring with them to their doctoral programs, particularly related to quantitative methods, and of finding ways to help them see quantitative methods in different ways than they have before. Second, our findings suggest important implications for how faculty members as teachers, advisors, and men-tors can think about providing feedback. Finally, our findings suggest the importance of understanding the “hidden curriculum,” and how faculty members can influence students’ experiences outside of coursework and dissertations.
Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education, Volume 3- Printable Table of Contents
Authors: Freeman Jr. Sydney , R Chambers Crystal , L Samuels Jessica
Published: February 2018

Table of Contents for Volume 3, 2018, of the Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education
Ahlaki Rölativizm Eleştirisi
Authors: YILDIZ Ahmet
Published: February 2018

Ahlaki rölativizm ahlaki doğru ve ilkelerin
objektifliğini ve evrenselliğini reddeden, bunların bireye veya topluma göreli
olduğunu savunan yaklaşımlara verilen genel isimdir. Bu yaklaşım birçok kişi
tarafından savunulmakta ve doğruluğu açık bir yaklaşım gibi görülmektedir. Bu
yaklaşımın lehinde sunulan en yaygın iki argüman ahlaki kabul ve pratiklerdeki
kabullerdeki farklılıklardan hareket eden argüman ve rölativizmin farklılıklara
hoşgörü açısından daha olumlu bir sonuç doğuracağı fikrinden hareket eden
argümandır. Bu çalışmada ahlaki rölativizm lehinde sunulan bu argümanların çok
sağlam olmadığını göstermek ve rölativizmin karşılaşabileceği diğer sorunlara
işaret etmek suretiyle ahlak alanındaki bu tür rölativist yaklaşımların haklı
olmadığını savunmaya çalıştık.
The Design of Optimal PID Control Method for Quadcopter Movement Control
Authors: Arrosida Hanum , Echsony Mohammad Erik
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, quadcopter motion control has become a popular research topic because of its versatile ability as an unmanned aircraft can be used to alleviate human labor and also be able to reach dangerous areas or areas which is unreachable to humans. On the other hand, the Optimal PID control method, which incorporates PID and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control methods, has also been widely used in industry and research field because it has advantages that are easy to operate, easy design, and a good level of precision. In the PID control method, the main problem to be solved is the accuracy of the gain value Kp, Ki, and Kd because the inappropriateness of those value will result in an imprecise control action. Based on these problems and referring to the previous study, the optimal PID control method was developed by using PID controller structure with tuning gain parameter of PID through Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method. Through the integration of these two control methods, the optimum solutions can be obtained: easier controller design process for quadcopter control when crossing the determined trajectories, steady state error values less than 5% and a stable quadcopter movement with roll and pitch angle stabilization at position 0 radians with minimum energy function.
The Comparison of Signature Verification Result Using 2DPCA Method and SSE Method
Authors: Sinaga Anita Sindar R M
Published: February 2018

The rate of speed and validation verify to be a reference of quality information and reliable results. Everyone has signature characteristics but it will be difficult to match original signatures with a clone. Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) method, Sum Equal Error (SSE) method includes a method that can provide accurate data verification value of 90% - 98%. Results of scanned signatures, converted from RGB image - grayscale - black white (binary color). The extraction process of each method requires experimental data as a data source in pixel size. Digital image consists of a collection of pixels then each image is converted in a matrix. Preprocessing Method 2 DPCA each data is divided into data planning and data testing. Extraction on SSE method, each data sought histogram value and total black value. This study yields a comparison of the suitability of the extraction results of each method. Both of these methods have a data accuracy rate of 97% - 98%. When compared to the results of the accuracy of image verification with 2DPCA method: SSE is 97%: 96%. With the same data source will be tested result of 2DPCA method with SSE method.
Computer Vision and Image Processing: A Paper Review
Authors: Wiley Victor , Lucas Thomas
Published: February 2018

Computer vision has been studied from many persective. It expands from raw data recording into techniques and ideas combining digital image processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and computer graphics. The wide usage has attracted many scholars to integrate with many disciplines and fields. This paper provide a survey of the recent technologies and theoretical concept explaining the development of computer vision especially related to image processing using different areas of their field application. Computer vision helps scholars to analyze images and video to obtain necessary information,    understand information on events or descriptions, and scenic pattern. It used method of multi-range application domain with massive data analysis. This paper provides contribution of recent development on reviews related to computer vision, image processing, and their related studies. We categorized the computer vision mainstream into four group e.g., image processing, object recognition, and machine learning. We also provide brief explanation on the up-to-date information about the techniques and their performance.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness of 316L Stainless Steel Substrate on Nanohydroxyapatite by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Jasim , Abdulateef Nawal Ezzat , Abdulkareem Makarim Hazim
Published: February 2018

The present work was designed on producing nanohydroxyapatite layers using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel substrate.  The EPD coatings were prepared by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan nanocomposites on different substrate roughness (polish surface, 220 grit SiC grind, and sand blast surfaces).  Depositions were performed using the suspensions of HA nano particles (3 g/L) in the mixture of alcohol and distilled water (ethanol, 5 vol. %water and containing 0.5 g/L of chitosan dissolved in 1 vol.% acetic acid.  Coatings were achieved on the cathode at constant voltage, time and temperature (90 V, 5 min and 40 °C respectively); the  pH value was performed and fitted at 4.  After deposition, the coated samples were dried at room temperature for 24 h.  The surface topography of coatings was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM).  SEM was used to postulate both the surface and the cross section morphology of the coatings.  The adhesion bonding between the deposited coatings and substrate were measured using tape tester to evaluate the adhesion bonding between the coating and substrate.  The results showed the deposited coatings on sand blasted substrate has less porosity compared with the polish surface and 220 emery paper SiC grinding substrate respectively.  The coating on the sand blasted substrate showed higher nanoroughness (122 nm), better adhesion bonding (removal area 15%) and higher thickness layer (12 µm) than that of the polish substrate and 220 emery paper SiC grinding substrate.
State Feedback Sliding Mode Controller Design for Human Swing Leg System
Authors: Ali Hazem I. , Abdulridha Azhar J.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the robustness properties of sliding mode control (SMC) which is designed to produce a dynamic output feedback controller to achieve robustness for trajectory tracking of the nonlinear human swing leg system is presented. The human swing leg represents the support of human leg or the humanoid robot leg which is usually modeled as a double pendulum. The thigh and shank of a human leg will respect the pendulum links, hip and knee will connect the upper body to thigh and then shank respectively. The total moments required to move the muscles of thigh and shank are denoted by two external (servomotors) torques applied at the hip and knee joints. The mathematical model of the system is developed. The results show that the proposed controller can robustly stabilize the system and achieve a desirable time response specification.
The Microstructure Properties of Ni-W Alloy Electrodeposition
Authors: Jaleel Mofeed A. , Gurji Eilaf Z.
Published: February 2018

The Electrodeposition process has been used to prepare Nickel-Tungsten alloys on low carbon steel substrate by using ammonical citrate bath. The influence of deposition condition by variation of current density (0.04-0.2 A/cm2) and solution temperature (60-70 °C), on the microstructure was studied. The optical microscope and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the morphology of the deposit while the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to approximate the composition, in addition to X-Ray diffraction examination. The results show that the current efficiency has the major influence on the tungsten content in the alloys due to the formation of ternary complex which reflected into the properties of the deposit.

Keywords:
Numerical and Experimental Study of CPU Cooling with Finned Heat Sink and Different P.C. Air Passages Configurations
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Ali Ekbal H. , Kurdi Hiba H.
Published: February 2018

This study investigated numerically and experimentally fluid flow and heat transfer in the desktop PC. Three patterns of the positions of air inlet and outlet were tested to find the best one for cooling. The computer components in the present study are CPU, finned heat sink, power supply, motherboard, CD, HDD and fans. Three components which were generate heat are CPU, motherboard and power supply and there were two openings for air inlet and two for air outlet. The air inlet velocities were 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 m/s with constant CPU fan velocity. The studied parameters were the changed of inlet air velocity, powers of CPU, motherboard and PSU and the positions of inlet air. The numerical results obtained are found in a good agreement with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature was 81  at 16.5 W and 1.2 m/s. Numerical results showed that the CPU temperature reaches 89.6  at 18.5 W and 1.2 m/s. From the results, it was found that; the temperatures of the main components (PSU and motherboard) affected little by CPU power and vice versa, the finned heat sink has higher cooling efficiency and the pattern 1 was the best pattern for CPU cooling.
Experimental Study the Effect of Tool Geometry on Dimensional Accuracy in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) Process
Authors: Bedan Aqeel Sabree , Habeeb Halah Ali
Published: February 2018

Incremental forming is a flexible sheet metal forming process which performed by utilizes simple tools to locally deform a sheet of metal along a predefined tool path without using of dies. One limitations of single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is the error occur between the CAD design and the product profile. This work presents the single point incremental forming process for produced pyramid geometry and studied the effect of tool geometry, tool diameter, wall angle, and spindle speed on the dimensional accuracy. Three geometries of forming tools were used in experimental work: ball end tool, hemispherical tool, and flat with round corner tool. The sheet material used was pure Aluminum (Al 1050) with thickness of (0.9 mm). The experimental tests in this work were done on the computer numerical control (CNC) vertical milling machine. The products dimensions were measured by utilized the dimensional sensor measuring instrument. The extracted results from the single point incremental forming process indicated the best acceptance between the CAD profile and product profile was found with the ball end tool and diameter of (10 mm), wall angle (50°) and the rotational speed of the tool was (800 rpm).
POTRAYAL OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH WOMEN IN JANE AUSTEN’S NOVEL SENSE AND SENSIBILITY
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Pasaribu Azmir , Sahri Zulfan
Published: February 2018

The study has three points of discussion. The first deals with the rights of woman in obtaining property especially the one inherited from parents. The second does with the roles of women in the family. Once women married, their property rights are governed by English common law, legally absorbed by their husbands. Furthermore, married women could not make wills or dispose of any property without their husbands' consent. The third deals with the roles of women in society. A woman is surely forbidden to do any type of job or business. All is done by man. The main theory concerning property rights of women is proposed by Shanley (2000) who states that from the legal 'unity' of the husband and wife, it follows that a married woman could not sue or be sued unless her husband is also a party to the suit, could not sign contracts unless her husband joins her. And for the research method, the Descriptive Qualitative Approach proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (1992) is applied, concerning the opinions, experiences and feeling of individuals producing subjective data. It elaborates social phenomena as they occur naturally. The finding shows that all the female characters in the novel get into the problems of property rights, standings in family as well as in the society.
MULTI-POTENTIALITY IN MICHAEL AVALLONE’S NOVEL KRAKATOA EAST OF JAVA
Authors: Alimsyah Alimsyah , Suhadi Jumino , Manugeren M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract The research is about the protagonist’s multi-potentiality with three points of analysis: multi-potentiality in career, in self-discipline and making friend. Multi-potentiality exists when strong genetics and a desire to practice come together to create superior ability. Discipline means order or code of behaviour. Self-discipline refers to the ability to control one’s own feeling is very important. Self-Discipline leads to overcome one’s own weaknesses. Life without Self-discipline is no life. There are many valuable things in life, but friendship may be one of the most important. To live life without the experience of friendship is life without living. Human interaction is a necessity to survival, but developed friendships are essential to the successful well being of anyone. True friendship is a feeling of love, sharing and caring. The theory of multi-potentiality is proposed by Timoty (2008) stating that from knowledge and skills comes multi-potentiality, a set of personal characteristics that enhance one’s ability to achieve expertise in an accelerated manner.  These traits allow one to improve at quicker rates than others in their field that are at the same level of expertise. Descriptive qualitative method by Bickman (2010) is applied to analyze all the data concerning multi-potentiality and conducted to demonstrate association or relationships between things in the world around us in this matter, significant events in the novel and how all the events are molded into a story. The result shows that the protagonist has multi-potentiality in the forms of ability in career, self-discipline and making friends. Keywords: self-discipline, potentiality, career
HEROISM IN RUDYARD KIPLING’S NOVEL THE JUNGLE BOOK
Authors: Selian Hartini , Suhadi Jumino , Manugeren M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract This study is about heroism in the novel The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. There are three points of discussion under this title: giving protection, defending rights and gratitude. Defending rights is associated with heroic deeds. A hero is a random citizen that rises to an occasion and performs an action of superhero proportions. Gratitude implies thankfulness or an appreciation of benefits conferred together with a desire, when practicable, to return those benefits. Defending rights is tied to human rights which are universally applicable to one and all. These are the significant components of heroism. One of the relevant and outstanding modern theories of heroism applied here is proposed by Gibbon (2009) stating that hero is just an average man who fights to solve a common problem in today’s society. The study is conducted with Descriptive Qualitative Method proposed by Haughman (2009) in which he states that Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. Kipling leads children down the jungle path into adventures beyond their day to day imagining and along the way he shows the value of ‘doing for yourself', of 'learning who to trust'. The result shows that heroism is highlighted through the major characters and the conclusive points are some of the significant characters such as Mowgli, Father Wolf, Mother Wolf, Hathi, and Bagheera have done heroic deeds. Their heroism is presented in the forms of giving protection, defending rights and gratitude. Keywords: heroism, human rights, gratitude
CAUSE AND EFFECT OF SUFFERING IN SYDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW COMES
Authors: Setiawan Muarif , Barus Efendi , Pawiro M. Ali
Published: February 2018

Abstract  If Tomorrow Comes, a novel written by Sydney Sheldon, is a story of intrigue and revenge. Tracy Whitney is a young, beautiful and intelligent woman and about to marry a wealth man until, suddenly, she is betrayed, framed by a ruthless Mafia gang, and then abandoned by the man she loves. Only her ingenuity saves her and helps her fight back. The significant theme of the novel is suffering, which is the focus of the study with two major points of discussion: the causes and the effects of suffering, subdivided into avarice and loss of trust as a part of the first major point and courage, revenge and hypocrisy as the second major one. The study is conducted with descriptive qualitative method proposed by Dawson (2004) pointing out that qualitative descriptive research is appropriately used to analyze social phenomena. The result shows that the protagonist, Tracy Whitney, faces a lot of suffering from the beginning of the story; that is from the tragic of her mother’s death till she is out of jail. All the sufferings are triggered by avarice of a small group of bandits of white collars having a great personal interest who stand against Tracy and loss of trust from her fiancé, the one whom she expects to be with her in time of difficulty. Owing to her sufferings, Tracy becomes strong mentally but she also turns to be revengeful woman of significant hypocrisy. Keywords: suffering, avarice, trust, courage, revenge and hypocrisy.
MARITAL DISHARMONY IN JACKIE COLLINS’ NOVEL HOLLYWOOD WIVES
Authors: Buwono Nuri , Suhendi Andang , Sahri Zulfan
Published: February 2018

Abstract The study is centered on marital disharmony reflected from the protagonist, Elaine Conti, in running her family life. Marital disharmony can occur if the spouses do not spend sufficient time together or if they do not have common interests. Elaine Conti is married to a famous actor of Hollywood, Ross Conti, but their marriage is not running smoothly as Elaine cannot put herself in a proper place of a good wife. The analysis shows that any relationship is hard and any relationship can lead to a range of arguments and difficulties. However when it comes to marriage all of these difficulties are exacerbated, which is a shame because the steaks are also exacerbated. A break up means potentially losing home, meaning legal and financial difficulties and it may mean putting the rest of the family and particularly any children through a lot of difficulties. This is seen that Elaine, the protagonist, cannot play her role as a good wife in the family caused by her extravagant lifestyle, committing adultery and insatiable passion.  The method used here is Descriptive Qualitative proposed by Koul (1990) and the results show that her attitudes in running a marriage life have caused a marital disharmony, in line with the main theory referred to as the base of the study proposed by Hendrix stating that extravagance, adultery and insatiable passions are the main causing factors to marital disharmony. Keywords: disharmony, marriage, extravagance, adultery, passion
SELF-CONFIDENCE IN HENRY FIELDING’S NOVEL TOM JONES
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Sitepu Darman , Sahri Zulfan
Published: February 2018

Abstract  Self-confidence is the core point of this research. Self confidence is a feeling that makes people think that they will do better after their efforts, a feeling that they can know more over time, a feeling that they can change themselves to adapt to the environment.There are three points of discussion under the topic. The first is self-confidence in facing family problem. There is no family without a problem and every single problem could be settled by means of self-confidence. This is followed by self-confidence in love as the second point. Love is a universal nuance that comes to everybody’s uplifting or crushing the person concerned and again by self-confidence love becomes a ladder to betterment in life.  The third is self confidence in self-identity. A man will never be considered a man unless he has self-identity, which may appear in various forms, one of which is social standing.  The main theory of self-confidence in taken from Brown stating that confidence is the belief that one will perform in a correct proper effective way. This research is conducted with descriptive qualitative method proposed by Krathwohl (1998), exploring social issues to be an epitome of guidelines.  The results show that the protagonist has a strong self-confidence in facing family problem, love and self-identity. He faces a lot of problems in his family and this happens because he is an adopted child. However, through his strong self-confidence he could settle all the obstacles nicely and finally his self-confidence gives comfort to him. Key words: confidence, family, love, identity.
A Resource-Oriented Functional Approach to English Language Learning
Authors: Li Jia
Published: February 2018

This article reports on a case study that investigates the learning preferences and strategies of Chinese students learning English as a second language (ESL) in Canadian school settings. It focuses on the interaction between second language (L2) learning methods that the students have adopted from their previous learning experience in China and ESL instruction they have encountered in the North American classroom. Twenty Grade 9–10 Chinese immigrant students in a Canadian urban public high school participated in the study. Data derived from questionnaires and interviews show that the students pragmatically searched for strategies to optimize their English learning by taking advantage of their first language skills and available scaffolding. In particular, they considered the explicit strategies they had experienced in first language (L1) and English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction before their arrival in North America to be valuable. This article proposes a resource-oriented functional approach to teaching and learning ESL. To that end, it argues that language-teaching strategies often used in North American ESL classrooms can integrate more explicit teaching and learning strategies to help students, particularly those with beginner levels of English proficiency, to acquire vocabulary more effectively.
First Language Test Bias? Comparing French-Speaking and Polish-Speaking Participants’ Performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Authors: Leśniewska Justyna , Pichette François , Béland Sébastien
Published: February 2018

Cognates are known to facilitate second language acquisition and use, as learners tend to assign to a new L2 word the meaning of a similar L1 word. Consequently, for L2 tests that rely largely on lexical items, performance may prove inflated for examinees whose L1 shares many cognates with the language being tested. This article examines the possibility of L1 bias on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), a well-established measure of receptive vocabulary knowledge in English. To investigate if performance on the PPVT is affected by cognates, we tested 293 speakers of French and 150 speakers of Polish, since those two languages differ markedly in the number of cognates they share with English. After demonstrating that both groups yield clearly distinct response patterns, descriptive and multivariate statistics confirmed that cognate items enhance test performance: the items with the highest score difference in favour of a language group overwhelmingly consist of cognates for that group only. Mantel-Haenszel and logistic regression show that items that are cognates for one of the two groups are more likely to show differential item functioning than the average items. The results suggest that scores on L2 vocabulary-based tests could be biased by the presence of cognates with the examinee’s first language.
The Effects of Task Complexity on Heritage and L2 Spanish Development
Authors: Torres Julio
Published: February 2018

Manipulating cognitive demands on second language (L2) tasks, along with the provision of recasts and its effects on L2 development, has motivated recent inquiry within task-based research. However, empirical evidence remains inconclusive as to the impact of task complexity, and it is unknown how it may affect heritage language (HL) development. To address this issue, this study tested 81 adult HL and L2 learners of Spanish. Participants in the experimental conditions completed either a simple or a complex version of a monologic computerized task that delivered written recasts as corrective feedback but differed according to intentional reasoning demands. Participants completed three oral and written assessment tasks to measure development of the Spanish subjunctive in adjectival clauses. Results revealed that the simple group demonstrated greater gains, especially in written production. L2 learners and the HL simple group benefitted more from task-based instruction in comparison to the HL complex group. Findings have implications for the role of prior language experience and task outcomes.
Facilitating Lexical Acquisition in Beginner Learners of Italian through Spoken or Sung Lyrics
Authors: Rukholm Vanessa Natale , Helms-Park Rena , Odgaard Eric C. , Smyth Ron
Published: February 2018

The effects of song and elaboration were assessed on the acquisition and retention of lexical items by beginner learners of Italian. Lexical acquisition investigated through an incidental learning experiment based on the premise that growth in L2 vocabulary can be facilitated by subvocal rehearsal and elaborate processing of lexical items. Participants were divided into a control group and four treatment groups. Treatment groups were exposed to a song either in a sung condition or read as a poem, and groups completed lexical tasks designed with low or high levels of elaboration. It was hypothesized that (a) song groups would score higher than poem groups, and that (b) high elaboration groups would score higher than low elaboration groups. With scoring based on Wesche and Paribakht’s Vocabulary Knowledge Scale, at post-test and delayed post-test the song/high elaboration group scored higher than all other groups in both receptive and productive vocabulary learning, suggesting that song and high elaboration are effective in facilitating the acquisition and retention of L2 lexical items and that song and high elaboration activities should be implemented in the L2 curriculum.
Enseigner en immersion française au Canada : synthèse des connaissances sur les défis et leurs implications pour la formation des enseignants
Authors: Cammarata Laurent , Cavanagh Martine , Blain Sylvie , Sabatier Cécile
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une synthèse des connaissances visant à identifier comment la thématique de la formation initiale et continue concernant les défis liés à l’enseignement en milieu immersif francophone au Canada a été traitée dans les études et travaux théoriques ces dix dernières années. L’analyse des travaux répertoriés révèle des défis importants quant au développement d’une pédagogie adaptée à un contexte éducatif de plus en plus linguistiquement et culturellement hétérogène et qui doit se redéfinir à la lumière de nouvelles réalités sociales. Ces défis imposent la mise en place d’une préparation adéquate des futurs enseignants, une thématique trop souvent traitée de manière succincte dans les travaux consultés et même parfois ignorée. L’analyse fait ressortir les principales thématiques sur lesquelles les recherches futures devraient se concentrer afin d’améliorer la qualité de l’éducation en immersion française au Canada, en plaçant la formation initiale et continue en tête de liste.
Learner Variables Important for Success in L2 Listening Comprehension in French Immersion Classrooms
Authors: Vandergrift Larry , Baker Susan C.
Published: February 2018

Listening comprehension, which is relatively straightforward for native language (L1) speakers, is often frustrating for second language (L2) learners. Listening comprehension is important to L2 acquisition, but little is known about the variables that influence the development of L2 listening skills. The goal of this study was to determine which learner variables play a significant role in predicting L2 listening success among Grade 4 middle immersion students (N = 84). The variables of interest in this study were L1 and L2 vocabulary knowledge, auditory ability, working memory, and metacognition. Results showed that all the variables, except for metacognition, were significantly related to L2 listening comprehension. Regression analysis revealed that vocabulary knowledge, particularly L2 vocabulary, significantly predicts L2 listening success. The results are discussed in relation to their pedagogical implications for beginner learners of French.
Changes in Clinical Status after Completion of an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Programme Incorporating Pain Neurophysiology Education
Authors: White Lynita D. , Summers Pamela , Scott Alex
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical outcomes of people who completed a 6-week outpatient interdisciplinary pain management programme and to determine whether a change in pain knowledge predicts these clinical outcomes (pain interference, pain severity, depression, and opioid intake). Method: A single-group, pretest–posttest analysis was conducted on data from 102 participants; five t-tests and three hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out. Results: Participants experienced significant improvements in pain knowledge, pain interference, pain severity, depression, and opioid intake between intake assessment and discharge, but change in pain knowledge did not significantly predict any clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study provides valuable evidence to inform interdisciplinary pain management. Knowledge of pain neurophysiology, despite its potential contribution to positive clinical outcomes, did not predict clinical success. Psychosocial factors are proposed as a candidate for effectiveness of the pain neurophysiology education classes.
“A Learned Soul to Guide Me”: The Voices of Those Living with Kidney Disease Inform Physical Activity Programming
Authors: Parsons Trisha L. , Bohm Clara , Poser Katherine
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (a) confirm the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among persons living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ontario and (b) inform the design of a Kidney Foundation of Canada Active Living for Life programme for persons living with CKD. Method: Adults living with CKD in Ontario were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey investigating opinions about and needs for PA programming. The 32-item survey contained four sections: programme delivery preferences, current PA behaviour, determinants of PA, and demographics. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and thematic coding. Results: A total of 63 respondents participated. They had a mean age of 56 (SD 16) years, were 50% female, and were 54% Caucasian; 66% had some post-secondary education. The most commonly reported total weekly PA was 90 minutes (range 0–1,050 minutes). Most respondents (84%) did not regularly perform strength training, and 73% reported having an interest in participating in a PA programme. Conclusion: Individuals living with CKD require resources to support and maintain a physically active lifestyle. We identified a diversity of needs, and they require a flexible and individualized inter-professional strategy that is responsive to the episodic changes in health status common in this population.
Astrophysical objects with extreme energy release: observations and theory
Authors: Bykov A M
Published: February 2018

Supernovae release extreme amounts of energy and produce major chemical elements in galaxies. They are extraordinary phenomena that give rise to the emission of neutrinos, gravitational waves, and broad spectra of electromagnetic radiation, and accelerate particles to ultra-relativistic energies. Observations of supernovae have led to the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe and the introduction of the ‘dark energy’ concept. Recent observations and theoretical models have revealed diverse supernova-related phenomena, the diversity resulting from variations both in the energy release mechanisms and in the properties of circumstellar matter. Supernova remnants and, in particular, gamma-ray bursts originating from compact stellar remnants are among the main objects of space research programs all over the world. We review the results of supernova and gamma-ray burst observations, as well as physical models capable of explaining the acceleration of nonthermal particles to ultra-relativistic energies and the amplification of fluctuating magnetic fields in supernova shells. We also consider the prospects of testing these models via observations with orbital and ground-based telescopes.