bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating antimicrobial appropriateness in a tertiary care pediatric ICU in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kazzaz Yasser M. , AlTurki Haneen , Aleisa Lama , Alahmadi Bashaer , Alfattoh Nora , Alattas Nadia
Published: November 2020

Background

Inappropriate antibiotic utilization is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and a decline in antibiotic susceptibility in many pathogenic organisms isolated in intensive care units. Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) have been recommended as a strategy to reduce and delay the impact of AMR. A crucial step in ASPs is understanding antibiotic utilization practices and quantifying the problem of inappropriate antibiotic use to support a targeted solution. We aim to characterize antibiotic utilization and determine the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a 6-month period. Days of therapy (DOT) and DOT per 1000 patient-days were used as measures of antibiotic consumption. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was assessed by two independent pediatric infectious disease physicians based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 12-step Campaign to prevent antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized children.

Results

During the study period, 497 patients were admitted to the PICU, accounting for 3009 patient-days. A total of 274 antibiotic courses were administered over 2553 antibiotic days. Forty-eight percent of antibiotic courses were found to be nonadherent to at least 1 CDC step. The top reasons were inappropriate antibiotic choice (empirical or definitive) and inappropriate prophylaxis durations. Cefazolin and vancomycin contributed to the highest percentage of inappropriate DOTs.

Conclusions

Antibiotic consumption was high with significant inappropriate utilization. These data could inform decision-making in antimicrobial stewardship programs and strategies. The CDC steps provide a more objective tool and limit biases when assessing antibiotic appropriateness
Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study
Authors: Ning Liqing , Hu Chuanyu , Lu Pingfan , Que Yimei , Zhu Xiaojian , Li Dengju
Published: November 2020

Background

Outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been improved dramatically in the past two decades, but survival levels of CML patients varied in regions. Comprehensive epidemiological research is necessary to evaluate the global burden of CML.

Methods

All data used in our study came from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. Incidence cases, death cases, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and its corresponding age-standardized rate between 1990 to 2017 were used to describe the distribution of CML burden, according to age, sex, social-demographic index (SDI), and countries. Data about attributable risk factors contributing to CML deaths and DALYs were also extracted and analyzed.

Results

Globally, the disease burden of CML gradually decreased from 1990 to 2017. Higher SDI countries achieved a remarkable effect on diminishing the CML burden. Conversely, due to population growth, the incidence cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML in lower SDI quintiles showed an upward trend. India had the most incidence cases and death cases of CML in the world. Additionally, smoking was the most significant attributable risk factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, followed by high body mass index.

Conclusion

The disease burden of CML decreased globally, especially in higher SDI countries in the past 28 years. The increasing incidence cases and death cases were mainly observed in lower SDI countries. Additionally, strategies to control modifiable risk factors such as smoking and high body mass index might be useful in diminishing mortality and DALYs.
Cancer T-cell therapy: building the foundation for a cure
Authors: Kamb Alexander , Go William Y.
Published: November 2020

T-cell cancer therapy is a clinical field flush with opportunity.  It is part of the revolution in immuno-oncology, most apparent in the dramatic clinical success of PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts) to cure certain melanomas and lymphomas, respectively.  Therapeutics based on T cells ultimately hold more promise because of their capacity to carry out complex behaviors and their ease of modification via genetic engineering.  But to overcome the substantial obstacles of effective solid-tumor treatment, T-cell therapy must access novel molecular targets or exploit existing ones in new ways.  As always, tumor selectivity is the key. T-cell therapy has the potential to address target opportunities afforded by its own unique capacity for signal integration and high sensitivity.  With a history of breathtaking innovation, the scientific foundation for the cellular modality has often been bypassed in favor of rapid advance in the clinic.  This situation is changing, as the mechanistic basis for activity of CAR-Ts and TCR-Ts is backfilled by painstaking, systematic experiments—harking back to last century’s evolution and maturation of the small-molecule drug discovery field.   We believe this trend must continue for T-cell therapy to reach its enormous potential.  We support an approach that integrates sound reductionist scientific principles with well-informed, thorough preclinical and translational clinical experiments.
2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid: An Oxidant for Functional Group Transformations: (A-Review)
Authors: A. Nair Vipin
Published: November 2020

A major application of 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) is the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds, at room temperature. IBX is insoluble in almost all solvents, except DMSO. IBX tolerates amine functionality and is therefore used for the oxidation of amino alcohols to amino carbonyl compounds. IBX oxidizes 1,2-glycols without the cleavage of the glycol carbon-carbon bond. Allylic and benzylic positions are also susceptible to oxidation by IBX. Synthesis of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds from carbonyl compounds can be accomplished by using IBX as oxidant. Silyl enol ethers undergo oxidation upon exposure to IBX and 4-methoxypyridine N-oxide. Water-soluble derivatives of IBX, and polymer-based IBX, with additional advantages, have also been developed. IBX mediated transformations facilitate the construction of diverse heterocyclic systems.
Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activities on Extracts of the Leaves and Roots of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Wacothon Karime Coulibaly , N’dri Marcelline Adiko , Anoubilé Benie , Yao Mokey Jean-Baptiste Konan , Gouanda Thibaut Bea , T. Titah James , Aka Faustin Kabran , Daouda Ballo , Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan
Published: November 2020

The extracts of leaves and roots of Costus afer plant have been fully investigated in an attempt to determine their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in all the selected extracts of the plant. In addition, our results showed that the leaves of C. afer are the richest in polyphenols with an average value of 3416.25 μg EAG/g MS. The total flavonoid assay revealed a highest content in the leaves (8.02 %). Furthermore, studies of the antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) method showed a significant effect compared to the reference vitamin C. Ethyl acetate extract of the leaves show a higher percentage of inhibition (83 %), followed the roots (69 %).
Structural, Vibrational, Electronic and Optical Properties of 3-methoxy-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic Acid Using DFT Calculations
Authors: Jeyavijayan S. , Murugan Palani
Published: November 2020

The molecular vibrations of 3-methoxy-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid (MFBA) were studied by recording the FTIR and FT-Raman spectra and the vibrational frequencies have been compared with the DFT-B3LYP calculations. The optimized structural characteristics of the molecule have been studied by both calculated and experimental data. NBO analyses and the LUMO-HOMO energy gap of the molecule shows the intramolecular charge transfer interaction. Further, the nonlinear optical properties of MFBA have been investigated from the calculated values of first hyperpolarizability and total dipolemoment. The electrostatic potential and Mulliken charges of MFBA have also been performed.
New Mixed Ligand Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of 2,2'-Bipyridine-3,3'-Dicarboxylic acid (bpdc)
with 2-Mercapto-5-Phenyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole (phozSH) and
Their Antioxidant activity
Authors: Ali Saleh Rezan , Ali Mohammad Hikmat , Najm Aldin Saber Salim
Published: November 2020

The mixing of one mole of 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid (bpdc) with two mole of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in methanol were refluxed for (half hour), followed by addition of one mole methanol solution of MCl2.nH2O (where M=Co, Ni or Cu). The mixture was refluxed for (2 hours) to give colored complexes of the metal ions of [M(bpdc)(H2O)4]. The [M(bpdc)(H2O)4] were reacted with one mole of 2-Mercapto-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (phozSH) producing the colored mixed ligand complexes with general formula [M(bpdc)(phozSH)(H2O)3] in which the metal ions coordinated to the ligand through O-atoms of carboxyl group in (bpdc) and N-atom of (phozSH) ligand. The ligands and complexes are well identified by using Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Electronic spectroscopy, CHNS analysis, Melting point, conductivity measurement. The Antioxidant activity were screened for all the complexes by the use of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
Quantifying Production of Quorum Sensing Regulated Pigments in Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIOTECH 1335
Authors: Grace Vergara Padilla Krystel , Dave Gloria Martin King
Published: November 2020

One more method that can be used in the fight against communicable diseases is greatly important. Numerous pathogenic bacteria use intercellular signaling known as quorum sensing (QS) in defining virulence gene expression as well as gene regulatory mechanisms. Among the most promising sources of QSI agents are the ethnobotanicals. Extraction used 95% n-hexane in ethnobotanical leaves of A. triplinervis, B. pilosa, C. nocturnum, S. glabra, P. pentandrum, O. trinervis, D. elliptica, A. scholaris, A. adenophora, and Lipang daga (no scientific name). Extracts that were negative in the antibacterial testing proceeded to the QSI assay for pyocyanin production. The ten ethnobotanical extracts did not exhibit antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and were found to increase the pyocyanin production therefore the absence of QSI. However, all plant extracts can be used to increase the production of pyocyanin to accumulate more metabolites that are proven to have important biological and biotechnological applications.
Identification of Physical Clues by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: R.Varadhan S.
Published: November 2020

Infrared spectroscopy is now well established as a basic technique for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of several compounds. The range of applications of vibrational spectroscopy is very wide. It has been proposed in the present study to highlight the application of the infrared spectroscopy in the field of forensic science. The accuracy of the present investigation is enhanced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Here in this investigation internal standards calculation technique is used to identify the physical clues of various commodities at the crime spot. The reliability of this method has been tested using a model experiment. Identification of correct physical clues of a substance is used to prevent fraudulent insurance claim.
Bis-(3,5-dimethyl salicylidine)-ethylenediamine as a Gravimetric Reagent for Cu(II)
Authors: Kumar Bijay , Kumar Sethi Santosh , Kumar Yadav Ashok
Published: November 2020

Complex of Cu(II) with bis-(3,5-dimethyl salicylidine)-ethylenediamine was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, conductivity measurement, magnetic and spectroscopic studies. Molecular formula of the newly prepared complex was determined as C20H22N2O2Cu and the probable geometry has been suggested as square planar. Gravimetric estimation of Cu(II) was made with bis-(3,5-dimethyl salicylidine)-ethylenediamine and the result was compared with the known method of estimation of Cu(II) iodometrically. It was found that the result of estimation with newly prepared reagent was as good as the reported result of estimation of Cu(II) iodometrically.
Disrupting knowledge in the arts: encountering the colonial other through performance
Authors: Carranza Mirna
Published: November 2020

‘We are not the Others’ is an artful representation of women’s migration stories woven together through a series of spoken vignettes, developed from social work research. This way of seeing lived experience is useful as it enhances knowledge that may not be ascertained in the social work encounter. These learnings provide feedback on services and the hazards of Canada. The article begins with a discussion of the colonial other in relation to migration. Analysis is centred on the questions: how does the performance of the colonial ‘other’ invoke the desire to contest women immigrants’ belonging? How does the display of migration and racialisation grant silent permission to demarcate who belongs? This article takes up how this knowledge is seen and challenged by viewers, which provides insight for social workers into how the terrain of belonging is mediated by racialisation and gender.
Griegos y Bárbaros, una Relación Intercultural
Authors: González Dámaris Romero
Published: November 2020

In his Lives Plutarch warns about a (possible) barbarization of people living under or around non-Greeks, as in Tim. 17.3, where he notices the consequences of the invasion of the Carthaginians on the Sicilians. Though it isn’t an usual phenomenon, Plutarch collects three more examples in Lys. 3.2, Pyrrh. 1.4, and Arat. 38.6. I will focus on the causes that provoke this attraction of the Greeks to adopt some barbarian customs, and, therefore, make them to separate from or forget some of the symbols of their identity, and the solution to recover the Greekness.
Gylippus in Plutarch’s Parallel Lives: Intratextuality and Readers
Authors: Lucchesi Michele
Published: November 2020

Plutarch’s portrayal of Gylippus is consistent both in the Moralia and in the Parallel Lives. In particular, Gylippus’ main traits clearly recall the Spartans’ virtues and vices described in the five Spartan Lives. Furthermore, the presence of Gylippus as a secondary character in the Life of Pericles and in the Life of Nicias creates a strong link between these biographies and the Lives of Lycurgus and Lysander. Different types of readers can variously actualise such intratextual connections. We can infer that the Parallel Lives require attentive readers willing to engage actively in the reading process and to interpret the narrative fruitfully, following the author’s
Literature and digital media: notes on theory and aesthetics
Authors: Simanowski Roberto
Published: November 2020

In this keynote lecture, Roberto Simanowski combines close reading of single works with a media-ontological reading of digital art and digital literature. The folowing works are analysed in detail: Romy Achituv and Camille Utterback’s Text Rain (1999); Bit.Fall (2006) by Julius Popp; Still Standing by Jason Lewis (2005); and Caleb Larsen's The Complete Works of W.S. (2007). The analyses suggest that, while remaining essentially a textual medium, the computer increasingly visualizes communication, thus restoring the pictorial nature of early forms of writing.
Leitura distante em português: resumo do Primeiro Encontro
Authors: Santos Diana , Alves Daniel , Amaro Raquel , Araújo Branco Isabel , Fialho Olivia , Freitas Cláudia , Higuchi Suemi , Langfeldt Marcia , Marques Lopes João , Luís dos Santos Alckmar , Pires Emanoel , Ramos Barbara , Sanches Danielle , Schumacher Fuão Rebeca , Silva Pereira Paulo , Terra Paula
Published: November 2020

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre o Primeiro Encontro sobre Leitura Distante em Português que aconteceu na Universidade de Oslo a 27 e 28 de outubro de 2019. Elaboramos este texto com o intuito de disseminar os assuntos e ideias discutidos nesses dois dias de encontro. Após uma descrição abreviada de todas as intervenções, destacamos os principais pontos de discussão, assim como algumas sugestões avançadas pelos participantes, na esperança de alargar o debate sobre leitura distante dentro da comunidade de língua portuguesa.
Noise, please: let the body of the text unsettle your readings
Authors: Reina Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Book Review: Anne M. Royston, Material Noise: Reading Theory as Artist’s Book. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2019, 213 pp. ISBN 978-0-262-04292-5.
Decoding language
Authors: Marques Ana
Published: November 2020

Review of John Cayley, Grammalepsy: Essays on Digital Language Art, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018. 298 pp., ISBN: 978-1501335778.
Vegetarian carcasses, ubiquitous buying and prescribed reading
Authors: Silva Rui
Published: November 2020

Book Review of Leah Price, What we talk about when we talk about books: the history and future of reading, New York, Basic Books, 2019, 224 pp. ISBN 978-154-167-390-8
Transmedia storytelling como recurso didático para aproximar a literatura impressa da eletrônica na escola: o caso da série Brasiliana Steampunk
Authors: Tavares Enéias
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é debater questões que envolvem o ensino de literatura a partir da utilização de dispositivos móveis e tecnologias digitais por parte de novas gerações de leitores. Para tanto, primeiramente tratarei da noção de transmedia storytelling, produção ficcional recente no que concerne às relações entre a literatura eletrônica e a literatura impressa, através de uma perspectiva histórica e crítica, tratando de quando e em quais contextos essa abordagem surgiu e chegou ao Brasil. Em segundo lugar, abordarei o caso da série transmedia Brasiliana Steampunk (2014) como um projeto que, ao partir da observação e estudo de casos de transmedia storytelling, pretende-se como um universo de entretenimento que possa prover a professores de ensino secundário e universitário uma forma de engajar seus alunos na leitura, na pesquisa e no aprendizado da literatura brasileira clássica através de romances fantásticos impressos e narrativas digitais variadas, desde contos eletrônicos, web  comics e audiodramas, até outros recursos produzidos exclusivamente para o ambiente digital.
O escritor, o detetive e o Twine: a ficção interativa ao serviço da escrita criativa na aula de português língua estrangeira
Authors: Dias José Carlos
Published: November 2020

Partindo dos princípios da metodologia da aprendizagem criativa, o presente estudo exploratório visou compreender as potencialidades e os desafios da escrita de ficção interativa com o programa Twine, em contexto de ensino/aprendizagem de português como língua estrangeira, com alunos do ensino superior. A elevada fluência da expressão escrita resultante do projeto, bem como a perceção positiva manifestada pelos aprendentes no que diz respeito ao prazer de escrita e à utilidade para a aprendizagem da língua são sinais positivos para o futuro do género interativo no ensino. Foi ainda possível identificar e analisar vários dos desafios associados com a didatização da escrita interativa em contexto de ensino, com vista à melhoria da prática docente e ao aumento da eficácia das aprendizagens.
Erich Fromm y la relación educativa
Authors: Obiols-Suari Núria
Published: November 2020

En este artículo consideraremos el vínculo entre la obra de Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900–1980) y la relación educativa. Fromm aportó una perspectiva humanista fundamental al pensamiento contemporáneo y su obra se caracterizó por hilvanar variadas influencias culturales, tales como el Antiguo Testamento, el Budismo, el Marxismo, la Sociología y, desde luego, el Psicoanálisis. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es el de comprender mejor esta relación, considerando sus características principales. La obra de este emblemático autor invita a reflexionar sobre aspectos diversos relacionados con la educación que van desde su concepto, sus finalidades, así como diferentes características de una buena relación educativa, temática que abordaremos en este artículo. Fromm aporta una perspectiva singular y sumamente interesante que abre espacios de reflexión a partir de variados aspectos sobre la existencia humana en sus textos. En este estudio hemos analizado doce de sus obras que van desde El miedo a la libertad (1941), El arte de amar (1956) o El arte de escuchar (1995). Este análisis ha permitido seleccionar aquellos contenidos vinculados a la relación educativa. Así consideraremos lo que Fromm entiende por educación, para posteriormente concretar cuáles serían las cuestiones más esenciales en una óptima relación educativa y qué la debe caracterizar.
Conexiones en red con otros tiempos, espacios y generaciones. Roger Scruton, tradición y educación
Authors: G. Amilburu María
Published: November 2020

Hoy es frecuente menospreciar el valor de las tradiciones culturales, científicas o de pensamiento, porque remiten y nos vinculan a un tiempo que ya pasó. Y quienes defienden la función esencial que éstas desempeñan en la vida humana y en la tarea educativa, son tachados de conservadores y falsamente acusados de querer encerrarse en el pasado, como si fueran enemigos del progreso, el desarrollo y la innovación. En este artículo se analiza un modo diferente de entender la tradición, que sostienen reconocidos autores contemporáneos como R. Scruton, A. MacIntyre y R.S. Peters. Para ellos, asumir las tradiciones establece fecundas redes intencionales con quienes nos precedieron, con nuestros contemporáneos y con quienes aún no han nacido, favoreciendo así que la humanidad pueda seguir progresando. De acuerdo con la naturaleza teórica de este trabajo, se emplea una metodología propia de la Filosofía de la Educación: localización de fuentes relevantes; lectura, análisis crítico y comparativo de los textos; interpretación hermenéutica y elaboración de conclusiones y propuestas. Este estudio pone de manifiesto que obrar de acuerdo con la tradición denota un tipo de acción intencional que contiene en sí misma el principio de su evolución. Por otra parte, se subraya que no existen tradiciones individuales, sino que siempre son compartidas por un grupo humano, constituyendo el fondo común de expectativas de una sociedad. Las tradiciones son plurales y cada cultura se caracteriza por una corriente central que ha superado la prueba del paso del tiempo y sirve como modelo y fuente de inspiración en el presente. Desempeñan una labor esencial en la tarea educativa, particularmente en lo que respecta a su función socializadora. En definitiva, asumir lo valioso de una tradición no se opone al progreso, sino que lo potencia, al establecer redes intencionales entre los miembros pasados, presentes y futuros de la sociedad.

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Este trabajo es resultado del Proyecto de Investigación I+D+I: "Enseñar la Constitución, Educar en Democracia” RTI2018-096103-B-100 del Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo, e Innovación orientada a los retos de la sociedad, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades.
Molecular detection and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during the early outbreak in Southern Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed , Chowdhury Nahida Sarwer , Islam Md. Sirazul , Ara Jahan , Nasrin Syeda Shamima , Dutta Pronesh , Bristi Sabiha Zarin Tasnim , Nizami Tanvir Ahmad , Chakraborty Prashanta , Siddiki Amam Zonaed
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been announced as a life-threatening, highly transmissible infectious novel emerging disease worldwide. Rapid detection and epidemiological information are desperately needed to overcome the existing pandemic situation and alleviate national and international crises. Still, to date, there is no significant epidemiological study of COVID-19 available in Bangladesh, especially in the Chattogram division. However, the current study focuses on molecular detection, prevalence, and risk factors associated with COVID-19 in Southern Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: Standard diagnostic protocols through real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed for molecular confirmation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Different patient demographics were analyzed for exploring the relationship of four factors – region, sex, age, and symptoms with the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases in the Southern Bangladesh during the period of May 13, 2020, to June 12, 2020.

Results: A total of 2954 samples were tested where the cumulative prevalence of circulating SARS-CoV-2 was 29.76% (n=879; 95% CI: 28.11-31.44) in the selected study region. Among the risk factors, the present study revealed that flatland people (35.62%, 95% CI 33.61-37.67, OR=3.13) were more vulnerable to getting infected by SARS-CoV-2 than the people living in hill tracts (13.04%, 95% CI 10.73-15.63). People older than 50 years (34.68%, 95% CI 30.38-39.18) were designated the highest risk than other different age groups. A higher number of COVID-19 cases were confirmed in patients (36.0%, 95% CI 33.77-38.29, OR=1.76) with typical symptoms, but interestingly a significant number of asymptomatic carriers (20.39%, 95% CI 18.13-22.80) also positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological report in the Southern Bangladesh for COVID- 19. The study's findings will contribute to health professionals and the policy-makers to take preventive measures against the next outbreak emergency for Bangladesh.
Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica recovered from clinical swine samples
Authors: Kongsoi Siriporn , Chumsing Suksun , Satorn Darunee , Noourai Panisa
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen and is recognized as a major public health issue. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica represents a major challenge for national public health authorities. We investigated the distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance of S. enterica isolates from clinical swine samples stored at the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University from 2016 to 2017.

Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were collected and subjected to standard microbiological techniques outlined in the Manual of Clinical Microbiology to identify Salmonella serovars. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method using a panel of 14 antimicrobials.

Results: A total of 144 Salmonella isolates were identified and the dominant serovar was Salmonella Choleraesuis (66.67%), followed by monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (18.75%), S. Typhimurium (9.03%), and Rissen (5.56%). The isolates displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin (AMP [100%]), amoxicillin (AX [100%]), tetracycline (TE [100%]), cefotaxime (CTX [89.58%]), ceftriaxone (CRO [87.50%]), chloramphenicol (C [82.64%]), gentamicin (CN [79.17%]), nalidixic acid (NA [72.92%]), and ceftazidime (CAZ [71.53%]). All isolates were MDR, with 29 distinct resistance patterns. The dominant MDR pattern among serovars Choleraesuis and Rissen exhibited resistance to 9 antimicrobials: ( R7-14 AMP-AX-CAZ-CRO-CTX-NA-C-CN-TE). However, all tested isolates were susceptible to AX/ clavulanic acid and fosfomycin.

Conclusion: High resistance levels to the third generation of cephalosporins such as CAZ, CRO, and CTX highlight the need for careful and reasonable usage of antimicrobials in animals and humans, especially for S. Choleraesuis infections.
Indefinibilidad, ciencia y metafísica: el caso de la personalidad ontológica del feto
Authors: Aranda Vargas Juan Pablo , Medina Delgadillo Jorge , Topete Camarena Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2020

Confrontados con la pregunta sobre si el feto debe ser considerado como persona, el presente estudio propone tres formas de aproximar la noción de «persona» —gramatical, geométrica y metafísica— y argumenta que la personalidad ontológica del feto representa un caso límite que exige adoptar definiciones asintóticas, formuladas en gerundio y apoyadas en argumentos metafísicos. Respecto del proceso de gestación, la ciencia muestra (a) que dicho proceso es ininterrumpido; (b) la convivencia de dos organismos —feto y madre— independientes e íntimamente relacionados; y (c) que existe evidencia que sugiere la capacidad de sentir dolor del feto. Finalmente, recuperamos una concepción teológica de la persona, afirmando que tratar al feto como si fuera una persona va más allá del cálculo prudencial de daños y supone una actitud frente al «misterio» en tanto pregunta que desborda lo científico y se anida en el centro mismo de la existencia humana.
Facing the Anthropocene: An Update
Authors: Angus Ian
Published: November 2020

Scientific knowledge and debates in Anthropoene science have developed over the years, particularly in the two main fields involved: geology, which has mainly been concerned with formally defining the new epoch; and Earth System science, which studies the global biological, chemical, and physical changes that are reshaping the conditions of life on this planet.
An analysis on the level of social physical anxiety of students studying for university entrance exam
Authors: Emiroglu Dilay , Özmaden Murat
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of social physical anxiety of students studying for university entrance exam in terms of some variables. This study is based on the general survey model for the specification of social physical anxiety of students studying for university entrance exam and also for the examination of differences on the basis of gender, body mass index, active habit of doing sports, weekly frequency of doing sports, habit of eating fast-food. For data collection, “Personal Information Form” and “Social Physical Anxiety Scale” have been used. Data of this study have been collected during the school year of 2018-2019 from the total number of 401 students studying senior year in high school (in the 12th grade), 216 of which are women (53.9%) and 185 of which are men (46.1%) who study for the university entrance exam at several private educational institutions affiliated with the Directorate of National Education at Efeler district of Aydın. According to the findings resulted from this study, it has been found that the levels of social physical anxiety of students display differences based on the variables of gender, body mass index, active habit of doing sports and weekly frequency of doing sports. It has been found that the level of social physical anxiety of women are higher than men, students with higher body mass index have higher social physical anxiety and also students doing sports have lower levels of social physical anxiety.

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Özet

Bu çalışmada, üniversite sınavına hazırlanan öğrencilerin sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Üniversite giriş sınavına hazırlanan öğrencilerin sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve cinsiyet, vücut kütle indeksi, spor yapma durumu, haftalık spor yapma günü, fast-food yeme sıklığı gibi değişkenler ile incelenmesi açısından genel tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Sosyal Fizik Kaygı Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Aydın ili Efeler ilçesinde Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı özel öğretim kurumlarında üniversite giriş sınavlarına hazırlanan 216 kadın (% 53.9), 185 erkek (% 46.1) olmak üzere toplamda 401 lise son (12.) sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyinin cinsiyet, vücut kütle indeksi, spor yapma durumu, haftalık spor yapma günü değişkenleri açısından farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadınların sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyinin erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu, vücut kütle indeksi fazla olan öğrencilerin daha yüksek sosyal fizik kaygı yaşadığı, spor yapan öğrencilerin sosyal fizik kaygı düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur.
Czy sieć zastąpi szkołę i rodziców w edukacji i wychowaniu?
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: November 2020

The core of the analysis is countering the myth that allegedly using new communications technologies by children and youths is toxic to their development. In the post-modern world, children enter into partner and educational relationships with their parents specifically thanks to their better abilities to use new media. Changes the science of upbringing and education management are also necessary.
Opinie nauczycieli przedszkoli integracyjnych na temat szans powodzenia działań włączających wobec poszczególnych grup uczniów, a staż pracy w zawodzie
Authors: Chrzanowska Iwona
Published: November 2020

Currently, the idea of inclusive education is perceived as a model of education, far exceeding the idea of inclusion of students with disabilities into mainstream education. It is a vision of a school aimed at considering the needs of all students, i.e. those who exhibit no severe developmental disabilities, with special educational needs, including gifted individuals. Additionally, the scholars of inclusive education agree, that the process is neither easy nor simple. One of the determining factors indicated, is the attitude of teachers towards the very idea. Therefore, a research idea arose, aiming at examining the opinion of teachers regarding the subject of inclusive education, as a potentially dominant form of education. Recognising at least some of its determinants seemed essential. The following article focuses on two of the aforementioned: types of institutions, where the teachers are employed, and the teachers’ professional experience. The research encompasses integrated preschools. It seems that the experience of teachers of such institutions proves particularly significant for recognising the chances and dangers of inclusive education, within the context of Polish integration experience. The two professional groups distinguished, with substantial and minor professional experience, allow to examine the perspective of inclusive action.
Binarna i ternarna relacja uczestników procesu diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego w logopedii
Authors: Kaźmierczak Monika
Published: November 2020

The article points out that the problem of the main binary relation in speech-language therapist (therapist-patient) and the interrelated relationship (speech-language therapist-patient-family/carer) should be addressed with respect to dialogue personalization, respecting the autonomy of each participant in speech-language therapy as well as the specificity of the primary group (family) and secondary (organizational, contractual). The sequence of appropriate interactions, that is, the interactions of the main actors of the diagnostic and therapeutic process, can transform into a lasting relationship and thereby influence the progress in speech-language therapy and the quality of the patient's life, if personal contacts and language announcements are reciprocated with kindness, respect and willingness partner collaboration.
Teleopieka, wspólnoty mieszkań dla seniorów oraz międzypokoleniowe współlokatorstwo, czyli alternatywne formy opieki i wspierania osób starszych
Authors: Ulaniecka Natalia
Published: November 2020

This article presents examples of alternative forms of support for the elderly. The first part presents the concept and use of telecare - the information and communication system, which monitors the situation of senior and alerts in case of danger. The second part contain the advantages and disadvantages of senior cohousing. The third part is about popular in Spain and France the idea of intergenerational (senior and student) home-sharing and analysis capabilities to popularize this solution in Poland.
Well-being as a Category (Non)Present in the Teacher's Line of Thinking About Student’s Success
Authors: Baran Jolanta , Baraniewicz Danuta
Published: November 2020

Striving for a success in parallel to the simultaneous attainment of high level of well-being is these days a common phenomenon. For quite a long time it has been also in the focus of the scientific debates and papers also dealing with education. This paper presents the findings of the study on the teachers’ perception of the student success in the context of assessment of selected success determinants and/or indicators. While analysing the theoretical relationship between student's well-being and educational success, 4 selected factors taken from the Buchner (2004) study were considered key to the undertaken research. The results showed that teachers tend to recognize factors related to the student's well-being as indicators of success, which means they perceive it as a result of achievement. Meanwhile the care for the student’s well-being before undertaking an educational task as a success determinant-related situation seems to be less visible.
Wyjątkowość fenomenu harcerskiego wychowania
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: November 2020

The world scout movement, including the Polish scout movement refers to a lesser or even to an orthodox extent to the pedagogical ideas and assumptions of Scouting by Robert Stephenson Baden-Powell and the successors of his pedagogics. In the article I respond to the question, to what extent does contemporary pedagogical thought refer to the phenomenon of scout movement education? Can we speak of the pedagogy of scouting or rather of scouting pedagogics? These issues cannot be solved solely on the level of normative models if one would not reach to former studies without indicating the necessity of conducting a scientific turn in this regard.
Rozumowanie przez analogie oparte na materiale geometrycznym u uczniów niewidomych
Authors: Kucharczyk Izabella
Published: November 2020

Analogical reasoning constitutes one of the ways the blind get to know the world; it enriches information and influences thinking. The purpose of the article is the presentation of results of research on reasoning using geometric analogies in blind pupils aged 10, 12 and 14. The study encompassed a group of 63 blind pupils and 63 seeing pupils. The study used the twelve series B matrices from the Progressive Matrices of John C. Raven. A detailed analysis of the dependencies between the variables permitted the determination of differences between groups of pupils in terms of reasoning using geometric analogies.
Obraz autointerpretacji profesji lekarskiej – narracje lekarzy
Authors: Antoszewska Beata
Published: November 2020

This paper is an attempt to examine the senses and meanings attributed by physicians to the medical profession. The collected material is part of a larger project devoted to the physician-patient relationship reconstructed on the basis of individual narrations provided by physicians. The conducted research is closely linked to the qualitative perspective: Interpretative Paradigm and Interpretive Paradigm. The study was performed in the period 2015-2017. The examined group consisted of 16 subjects (6 female and 10 male physicians) from several provinces of Poland who were highly esteemed (subjective opinions) by their patients. The empirical data were collected by means of narrative interviews and the methodology applied for the analysis of the content was that of phenomenography.
Aktywność internetowa a poczucie alienacji młodzieży ery mediów
Authors: WASYLEWICZ MAGDALENA
Published: November 2020

Magdalena Wasylewicz, Aktywność internetowa a poczucie alienacji młodzieży ery mediów [Internet activity and the sense of alienation of young people in the media era]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 161-176. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.09

The media have become man's natural environment. The younger generation matures in a highly developed society, and the media provide young people with the opportunity to meet fundamental needs, including those of people-to-people contacts. But is it for sure? This raises the question of the link between the Internet activity of young people and their sense of alienation. The article is an attempt to answer this problem. The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method among 196 students of secondary schools in Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodship.
Wspieranie twórczego rozwoju dzieci pochodzących ze środowisk defaworyzowanych społecznie w wybranych kontekstach edukacji medialnej
Authors: KASPRZAK MICHALINA
Published: November 2020

Michalina Kasprzak, Wspieranie twórczego rozwoju dzieci pochodzących ze środowisk defaworyzowanych społecznie w wybranych kontekstach edukacji medialnej [Supporting the creative development of children from socially disfavoured backgrounds in selected contexts of media education]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 177-189. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.03

The aim of the article is to present selected contexts of media education in supporting the creative development of children from disfavoured backgrounds. This analysis is based on the results of research carried out by the author in the framework of a doctoral dissertation at the day-support center in Poznań. In the final part of the article, the author presents proposals for changes concerning the introduction of media education elements’ in day-support centers.
Technologie mobilne jako nośnik zmiany – w opinii nauczycieli z czterech krajów europejskich
Authors: GALANCIAK SYLWIA , WEISS ANNA , JUDGE MIRIAM
Published: November 2020

Sylwia Galanciak, Miriam Judge, Anna Weiss, Technologie mobilne jako nośnik zmiany – w opinii nauczycieli z czterech krajów europejskich [Mobile technologies as a carrier of change – in the opinion of teachers from four European countries]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 203-220. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.12

The article presents partial results of qualitative research conducted among 83 respondents (28 teachers and 55 students) from four European countries, using tablets to work at school. The aim of the research was to recognize the scope of application of mobile technologies by teachers and students and also their opinions on the usefulness of these technologies as a support in the process of education. An image of teachers and students, who realistically assess the advantages and disadvantages of tablets, and who redefine their role in the educational process, emerges from the individual interviews and focus conversations.
Nowoczesne technologie a uczniowie z dysleksją – możliwości i zagrożenia
Authors: PAWLUK-SKRZYPEK AGNIESZKA , BŁASZCZAK IWONA
Published: November 2020

Agnieszka Pawluk-Skrzypek, Iwona Błaszczak, Nowoczesne technologie a uczniowie z dysleksją – możliwości i zagrożenia [Modern technologies and students with dyslexia – opportunities and threats]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 235-247. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.14

The article focuses on the issue of the possibility of using modern technologies in the education and pedagogical therapy of students with developmental dyslexia. The article draws attention to the difficulties experienced by students with developmental dyslexia in contact with modern technologies due to the specificity of their functioning, which consists in the fact that their problems “do not manifest themselves only within the letter system, but apply to all character systems (symbols), which exist to denote (naming, ordering) the existing reality. This also applies to codes that regulate the use of certain symbols, in other words – dyslexia causes difficulties with the use of symbols and the abstraction and application of rules for the use of these symbols. Both letters and numbers, notes, Morse code, numeric time stamping, etc”.
Big data e intervalos de referencia: motivación, prácticas actuales, prerrequisitos de armonización y estandarización y futuras perspectivas en el cálculo de intervalos de referencia mediante métodos indirectos
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Luisa , Marques-García Fernando , Ozarda Yesim , Blanco Albert , Brouwer Nannette , Canalias Francesca , Cobbaert Christa , Thelen Marc , den Elzen Wendy
Published: November 2020

Los intervalos de referencia son habitualmente empleados como herramienta de apoyo a las decisiones clínicas. En esta revisión se resumen los aspectos relacionados con el big data y los intervalos de referencia, las prácticas actuales, incluyendo los métodos estadísticos, los requisitos de calidad de los datos, incluyendo la armonización y la normalización, y las perspectivas de futuro para la determinación indirecta de intervalos de referencia mediante datos de laboratorio de rutina.
Precision and trueness verification study of an Atellica system
Authors: Vílchez Rodríguez Alberto , González Cantó Julia , Esteve Poblador Sara , Valldecabres Ortiz Carmen , Estela Burriel Pedro L.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Clinical laboratories should use only validated procedures. Precision is an important factor in the validation and verification of a new measurement procedure. Our objective was to verify the precision and trueness of different analysers used for the biochemical and immunochemical characterization of analytes.

Methods

Advia 1800®, Immulite®2000 and CentaurXP® analysers and the Atellica®Solution system were used. Five analytes were characterized biochemically, whereas another five analytes were characterized immunochemically. Imprecision was assessed using BioRad® and Siemens® control materials. Within-run and between-run imprecision were calculated by analysing three replicates of each control in a single run every day for five days. Bias was assessed using 40 samples of serum by the analysis of differences and linear regression.

Results

The within-run and between-run imprecision values obtained with the new measurement procedure were lower than the ones claimed by the manufacturer for all the analytes studied. In the bias study, a proportional but not constant systematic error was observed in some analytes.

Conclusions

The coefficients of variation obtained with Atellica®Solution verified both, the imprecision specifications claimed by the manufacturer and by the laboratory. The conditions of calibration should be revised for some parameters and a wider range of samples should be used.
Narrowband transmission filters based on resonant waveguide gratings and conformal dielectric-plasmonic coatings
Authors: Gallinet Benjamin , Quaranta Giorgio , Schneider Christian
Published: November 2020

Nanostructured filter arrays on image sensors are promising for miniature spectrometers and spectral imagers. In this work, we report on resonant waveguide gratings fabricated by UV nanoimprint lithography and conformal dielectric-plasmonic coatings. Optical measurements in accordance with numerical simulations report on a resonance bandwidth of 20 nm in transmission in the visible range. The impact of cladding thickness and filter lateral size on the resonance properties is investigated with the help of numerical calculations. Finally, it is shown that the proposed geometry based on conformal coatings has a very efficient blocking rate compared to other nanostructured filter approaches.