bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH ORGANIC FARMS WITH DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OF PRODUCTION IN THE LIGHT OF FADN DATA
Authors: Orłowska Maria Jolanta
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the work was to assess the effectiveness and competitiveness of Polish organic farms with different production directions. Their production potential, intensity and production costs were also presented. The information from holdings conducting Polish FADN accounting was used. It was included in the publications: Technical and economic parameters by groups of agricultural holdings participating in the Polish FADN in 2013-2015. The following methods were used: descriptive, using tabular, and comparative tables. The research covered the years 2013-2015. In the analyzed period, the direction of production influenced the efficiency and competitiveness of Polish organic farms. Farms running only crop production were characterized by higher labor productivity than farms keeping animals. From among the surveyed organic farms, only permanent crops showed full competitive ability. Farms specialized in field crops showed ability to compete. And lack of competitive ability was showed by farms keeping animals: with dairy cows, other grazing livestock and mixed.
CAPACITIES OF MILITARY TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES OF THE POLISH ARMED FORCES
Authors: Jagiełło Witold
Published: October 2018

Character and conditions for cooperation of country defence industry with military technical research institutes, involved in defence and security activities, are essential to circumstances encouraging for a better fulfilment of demands in the state security sector and for concentration of researches on priorities and development of preferred technologies. The paper illustrates the scientific-research capacities of the military technical research institutes and the factors motivating their scientific-research activities focused on the deployment of results into the realisation of demands of armed forces technical upgrading.
Reinstatement of the New Zealand cave wētā genus Miotopus Hutton (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) and description of a new species
Authors: Fitness Josephine L. , Morgan-Richards Mary , Hegg Danilo , Trewick Steven A.
Published: October 2018

Comparison of morphological and genetic data from New Zealand forest cave wētā suggests we should recognise the genus Miotopus proposed by Hutton (1898). A new species within this genus is described (Miotopus richardsi sp. nov.). Both Miotopus diversus (Hutton, 1898) and Miotopus richardsi sp. nov. are common in native forests and widespread in New Zealand. Here we provide their known distributions and key traits
Experiência do Sensível...
Authors: Pereira Janaí de Abreu , Bortolin Rosana
Published: October 2018

"Uma criança é um anjo cujas asas diminuem à medida que suas pernas crescem".Provérbio Francês
Malabarismos e ilusionismos na realização de um projeto interdisciplinar
Authors: Hueblin Silvana Mariani
Published: October 2018

Este relato de experiência conta como nasceu e se desenvolveu o espetáculo 'O circo vem aí!', realizado com uma turma de segunda série do ensino fundamental, de uma escola pública da cidade de Florianópolis. O projeto foi elaborado para a realização do estágio curricular supervisionado do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Artística - Habilitação em Música, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. As canções, com temas circenses, foram extraídas do repertório da música popular brasileira e inspiraram a confecção do cenário e o figurino de cada um dos personagens, possibilitando assim o trabalho interdisciplinar entre música, artes plásticas e cênicas.
O ponto e a linha na espacialidade lúdica: uma proposta no ensino fundamental
Authors: Holleben Cláudia Souza de
Published: October 2018

Este relato visa contribuir para o processo de pesquisa na área de aprendizagem de Arte, na medida em que se desenvolveu através de um projeto baseado em experiências lúdicas que enfocaram a linha e o ponto, como elementos da linguagem visual contextualizados na vida das crianças da Escola Desdobrada Retiro da Lagoa , em Florianópolis SC. O trabalho buscou um olhar mais atento às imagens do cotidiano, perpassando a história da arte ao procurar referências na produção de alguns artistas plásticos e sempre propondo práticas que reiterassem este saber.
Arte e inclusão
Authors: Tesman Morgana
Published: October 2018

Diante de novas possibilidades educacionais, a escola tenta se aproximar da teoria e da legislação brasileira que indica a inclusão escolar de portadores de necessidades educativas especiais no ensino regular. Das observações retiradas de uma prática de estágio em artes plásticas, concluiu-se que com um pouco de esforço a inclusão pode virar uma realidade.
I SEMINÁRIO DE ENSINO DAS ARTES - I MOSTRA DO NUPEART
Authors: Figueiredo Sérgio Luiz Ferreira de
Published: October 2018

I SEMINÁRIO DE ENSINO DAS ARTES I MOSTRA DO NUPEART
Conducting urban ecology research on private property: Advice and lessons learned in the field
Authors: Dyson Karen , Ziter Carly , Fuentes Tracy L , Patterson M S
Published: October 2018

Private property makes up a large proportion of urban green space and differs from public greenspace in ecologically important ways. While including private property in urban landscape research is necessary, ecologists are frequently unprepared to work on private property and thus often exclude private land from empirical studies. To address this gap and encourage research on private property, we ask: “What lessons have urban ecologists learned from designing their research and completing their fieldwork that are relevant to researchers new to private property?” We present ten common methodological and practical challenges faced by urban ecologists, with solutions synthesized from semi-structured interviews with 24 urban ecologists from 7 countries, along with public health researchers and police officers. The compiled advice addresses all stages of research, including research design, sample design, gaining access to study sites, collecting data on study sites, and sharing results. Ecologists reported that their research and sampling design were shaped by the need to work with property owners, found communicating honestly and respectfully with property owners for the duration of the research influenced success, and emphasized practicing good field safety and preparing for both routine and stressful in-person encounters. Further research and collaboration among ecologists and private property owners is necessary to improve our understanding and management of urban ecosystems given the proportion of urban greenspace that is on private property. We hope that our suggestions will help guide the next generation of urban ecologists to take up this challenge.
Exceptional new fossil of Siphonophrentis gigantea
Authors: McCall Christian R
Published: October 2018

Rugose Corals, often referred to as Horn Coral, are an extinct order of stony corals in the phylum Cnidaria. They lived from the Ordivician period to the end of the Permian period, and can be found worldwide. A new fossil of Siphonophrentis gigantea, a species of Rugosa in the family Streptelasmatidae, has been recovered from the Devonian strata of the Lucas Formation. The fossil gives clues towards the paleobiology of Siphonophrentis, revealing it to have likely anchored itself to the sea bed in the ocean depths. Siphonophrentis gigantea likely had no relationship with Zooxanthellae, a kind of Dinoflagellate that gives modern extant coral their colour and allows them to photosynthesize. These single celled organisms appear to be absent in Siphonophrentis, and it instead received nutrients from a rich amount of biological debris that fell into its habitat. Further comparisons can be made between Siphonophrentis and the extant, cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa.
Could Late Cretaceous sauropod tooth morphotypes provide supporting evidence for faunal connections between North Africa and Southern Europe?
Authors: Holwerda Femke M , Díez Díaz Verónica , Blanco Alejandro , Montie Roel , Reumer Jelle WF
Published: October 2018

The Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Morocco and equivalent beds in Algeria have produced a rich fossil assemblage, yielding, amongst others, isolated sauropod teeth, which can be used in species diversity studies. These Albian-Cenomanian (~113 – 93.9 Ma) strata rarely yield sauropod body fossils, therefore, isolated teeth can help to elucidate the faunal assemblages from North Africa, and their relations with those of contemporaneous beds and geographically close assemblages. Eighteen isolated sauropod teeth from three localities (Erfoud and Taouz, Morocco, and Algeria) are studied here, to assess whether the teeth can be ascribed to a specific clade, and whether different tooth morphotypes can be found in the samples. Two general morphotypes are found, based on enamel wrinkling and general tooth morphology. Morphotype I, with mainly rugose enamel wrinkling, pronounced carinae, lemon-shaped to (sub)cylindrical cross-section and mesiodistal tapering towards an apical tip, shows affinities to titanosauriforms and titanosaurs. Morphotype II, characterized by more smooth enamel, cylindrical cross-section, rectangular teeth with no apical tapering and both labial and lingual wear facets, shows similarities to rebbachisaurids. Moreover, similarities are found between these northwest African tooth morphotypes, and tooth morphotypes from titanosaurs and rebbachisaurids from both contemporaneous finds from north and central Africa, as well as from the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian, 83.6Ma – 66.0Ma) of the Ibero-Armorican Island. These results support previous hypotheses from earlier studies on faunal exchange and continental connections between North Africa and Southern Europe in the Cretaceous.
Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in post-harvest leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Zhou Ziwei , Deng Huili , Wu Qingyang , Liu Binbin , Yue Chuan , Deng Tingting , Lai Zhongxiong , Sun Yun
Published: October 2018

Tea is one of three major non-alcoholic beverages that are popular all around the world. The economic value of the final tea product largely depends on the post-harvest physiology of tea leaves. The utilization of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a widely accepted and precise approach to determine the target gene expression of tea plants, and the reliability of results hinges on the selection of suitable reference genes. A few reliable reference genes have been documented using various treatments and different tissues of tea plants, but none have been done on post-harvest leaves during the tea manufacturing process. The present study selected and analyzed 15 candidate reference genes: Cs18SrRNA, CsGADPH, CsACT, CsEF-1α, CsUbi, CsTUA, Cs26SrRNA, CsRuBP, CsCYP, CselF-4α, CsMON1, CsPCS1, CsSAND, CsPPA2, CsTBP. This study made an assessment on the expression stability under two kinds of post-harvest treatment, turn over and withering, using three algorithms—geNorm, Normfinder and Bestkeeper. The results indicated that the three commonly used reference genes, CsTUA, Cs18SrRNA, CsRuBP, together with Cs26SrRNA, were the most unstable genes in both the turn over and witheringtreatments. CsACT, CsEF-1α, CsPPA2, and CsTBP were the top four reference genes in the turn over treatment, while CsTBP, CsPCS1, CsPPA2, CselF-4α, and CsACT were the four best reference genes in the witheringgroup. The expression level of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes, which were involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology, including wounding, was evaluated to validate the findings. To conclude, we found a basis for the selection of reference genes for accurate transcription normalization in post-harvest leaves of tea plants.
THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND ANXIETY IN HEADS OF FAMILY WHO SMOKE
Authors: Hargiana Giur , Keliat Budi Anna , Mustikasari Mustikasari
Published: October 2018

Indonesia is the fifth largest producer of cigarettes and has the third highest number of smokers in the world. This has potential biological, psychological, and social consequences. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on smoking behavior and anxiety. Quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 80 respondents were selected at random from 10 districts in proportion to the number of smokers in each district. Respondents completed questionnaires and received a course of CBT conducted over five meetings. There was a significant decrease smoking behavior and anxiety (p< 0.05) in the intervention group. Smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, and anxiety in male heads of family who smoke and who received CBT were significantly lower than in control group. The decreases in smoking behavior and anxiety were significantly correlated (p< 0.05). The study reveals, CBT can effectively change smoking habits as well as reduce anxiety. Keyword: anxiety, smoking behavior, cognitive behavioral therapy Abstrak Pengaruh Cognitive Behavior Therapy Terhadap Perilaku Merokok dan Ansietas pada Kepala Keluarga dengan Perilaku Merokok. Indonesia sebagai penghasil rokok terbesar ke-5 dan memiliki jumlah perokok terbanyak ke-3 di  Dunia, hal tersebut memunculkan masalah secara biologis, psikologis maupun sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari cognitive behavior therapy terhadap perubahan perilaku merokok dan ansietas. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experiment non-equivalent control group pre-test-post test. Sampel pengambilan secara proporsional random dengan jumlah 80 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian responden dilakukan tindakan cognitive behavior therapy dengan lima kali pertemuan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan perilaku merokok dan ansietas secara bermakna (p< 0,05) pada kelompok intervensi. Penurunan perilaku merokok, tingkat ketergantungan nikotin dan ansietas kepala keluarga dengan perilaku merokok yang mendapatkan cognitive behavior therapy lebih besar secara bermakna (p< 0,05) dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mendapatkan cognitive behavior therapy. Penurunan perilaku merokok dan ansietas berhubungan secara bermakna (p< 0,05). Direkomendasikan untuk menerapkan cognitive behavior therapy perokok oleh perawat yang mempunyai kompetensi. Kata Kunci: ansietas, perilaku merokok,cognitive behavior therapy
Fast-backward replay of sequentially memorized items in humans
Authors: Huang Qiaoli , Jia Jianrong , Han Qiming , Luo Huan
Published: October 2018

Storing temporal sequences of events (i.e., sequence memory) is fundamental to many cognitive functions. However, it is unknown how the sequence order information is maintained and represented in working memory and its behavioral significance, particularly in human subjects. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with a temporal response function (TRF) method to dissociate item-specific neuronal reactivations. We demonstrate that serially remembered items are successively reactivated during memory retention. The sequential replay displays two interesting properties compared to the actual sequence. First, the item-by-item reactivation is compressed within a 200 – 400 ms window, suggesting that external events are associated within a plasticity-relevant window to facilitate memory consolidation. Second, the replay is in a temporally reversed order and is strongly related to the recency effect in behavior. This fast-backward replay, previously revealed in rat hippocampus and demonstrated here in human cortical activities, might constitute a general neural mechanism for sequence memory and learning.
A new experimental platform facilitates assessment of the transcriptional and chromatin landscapes of aging yeast
Authors: Hendrickson David G , Soifer Ilya , Wranik Bernd J , Kim Griffin , Robles Michael , Gibney Patrick A , McIsaac R Scott
Published: October 2018

Replicative aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an established model system for eukaryotic cellular aging. A limitation in yeast lifespan studies has been the difficulty of separating old cells from young cells in large quantities. We engineered a new platform, the Miniature-chemostat Aging Device (MAD), that enables purification of aged cells at sufficient quantities for genomic and biochemical characterization of aging yeast populations. Using MAD, we measured DNA accessibility and gene expression changes in aging cells. Our data highlight an intimate connection between aging, growth rate, and stress. Stress-independent genes that change with age are highly enriched for targets of the signal recognition particle (SRP). Combining MAD with an improved ATAC-seq method, we find that increasing proteasome activity reduces rDNA instability usually observed in aging cells and, contrary to published findings, provide evidence that global nucleosome occupancy does not change significantly with age.
Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans
Authors: Cohn Monique S. , Mahon Michael J.
Published: October 2018

Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP) is a rare form of mastocytosis. It appears most frequently in adults and only occasionally will affect young children or infants. In this disease, multiple brownish-red confluent macules and telangiectasias develop, primarily on the trunk. Pruritus frequently occurs, and may be mild to severe. Most patients have only skin involvement; however, involvement may be systemic as well. Clinical signs and symptoms of systemic mastocytosis are varied and depend on which internal organs are affected. Classic symptoms-such as episodic flushing, gastrointestinal complaints, heart palpitations, and syncope-may be confused with those of other diseases, most notably the carcinoid syndrome. A simple workup can help to differentiate between these two conditions. The authors describe a 48-year old woman who was seen with cutaneous features of TMEP and with multiple symptoms suggesting systemic mastocytosis. They discuss the clinical features, diagnostic workup, and therapeutic options in the management of this relatively rare condition.
The chronically disturbed adolescent and the surrogate family model: Observations on two patient populations
Authors: Honig Albert M.
Published: October 2018

Two preliminary evaluations were conducted by surveying the charts of 15 chronically disturbed adolescents and young adult patients (ages 15 to 30 years) and 23 chronically disturbed adolescents (ages 12 to 18 years) treated in a tertiary surrogate family model hospital. Drug and alcohol use of patients and their parents was assessed in the first patient population. Results indicate that 40% of the patients had at least one parent who formerly used or is still addicted to drugs or alcohol (or both). The second survey examined the Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scale administered to 23 adolescents on admission and at discharge from the hospital. Scores on the GAF had improved at discharge in 19 of21 patients whose length of stay ranged from 2 to 12 months. The information gathered from the retrospective surveys of the medical charts of these two patient populations helps to better understand multigenerational influence as a probable factor in the development of the chronically disturbed adolescent. Also, it shows how small psychiatric hospitals may conduct ongoing outcome studies that could be useful to improve staff morale and produce evidence to case managers and third-party payers that their treatment programs provide both positive patient care and positive results.
Rhabdomyolysis and Sodium-Glucose–Linked Transport Inhibitors in Patients Taking Statins
Authors: Harel Ziv , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Smith Graham , Ray Joel G. , Clemens Kristin K. , Juurlink David N.
Published: November 2024

This case-control study investigates the risk of rhabdomyolysis among patients receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.
High‐Entropy Strategy Flattening Lithium Ion Migration Energy Landscape to Enhance the Conductivity of Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Shuhan , Wen Xiaojuan , Huang Zhenweican , Xu Haoyang , Fan Fengxia , Wang Xinxiang , Tian Guilei , Liu Sheng , Liu Pengfei , Wang Chuan , Zeng Chenrui , Shu Chaozhu , Liang Zhenxing
Published: November 2024

Garnet‐type solid‐state electrolytes with exceptional stability are believed to promote the commercialization of all solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, the extensive application of garnet‐type solid‐state electrolytes is greatly impeded on account of their low ionic conductivity. Herein, a high‐entropy fast lithium‐ion conductor Li7(La,Nd,Sr)3(Zr,Ta)2O12 (LLNSZTO) with high lattice distortion is designed. It is found that the enhanced ionic conductivity of the high entropy garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte LLNSZTO is achieved by introducing disorder in the lattice, which creates fast ion penetration paths with flattened energy landscapes within the pristine ordered lattice. Thus, the prepared high‐entropy garnet‐type solid electrolyte LLNSZTO exhibits low activation energy for Li+ migration (0.34 eV) and elevated ionic conductivity (6.26 × 10−4 S cm−1). Full cells assembled with LLNSZTO electrolyte, lithium metal anode, and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode exhibit excellent capacity retention of 86.81% after 200 cycles at room temperature. Moreover, the superior ionic conductivity of LLNSZTO enables all solid‐state battery with high‐loading LFP cathode (>12 mg cm−2), achieving stable cycling exceeding 120 cycles. The large area pouch cell (5.5 cm × 8 cm) exhibits stable long‐term cycling performance, showing a capacity retention of 96.50% after 50 cycles.
Tumoroid‐On‐a‐Plate (ToP): Physiologically Relevant Cancer Model Generation and Therapeutic Screening
Authors: Seyfoori Amir , Liu Kaiwen , Caruncho Hector J. , Walter Patrick B. , Akbari Mohsen
Published: November 2024

Employing three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro models, including tumor organoids and spheroids, stands pivotal in enhancing cancer therapy. These models bridge the gap between two‐dimensional (2D) cell cultures and complex in vivo environments and offer versatile tools for comprehensive studies into cancer progression, drug responses, and tailored therapies. This study introduces the Tumoroid‐on‐a‐Plate (ToP) device, an innovative ope‐surface microfluidic platform designed to create predictive 3D models of solid tumors. The ToP device combines tumor mass, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, to closely replicate the microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using the advanced ToP model and testing various GBM ECM compositions such as collagen and Rreelin within the model, we can assess how specific elements affect GBM invasiveness. The ToP in vitro model also enables screening chemotherapeutics such as temozolomide and iron‐chelators in a single and binary treatment setting on the complex ECM‐embedded tumoroids to evaluate their toxicity on GBM and PDAC models viability and apoptosis. Furthermore, co‐culturing PDAC tumoroids with human‐derived fibroblasts reveals the pro‐invasive influence of stromal elements on tumor growth and drug response. This research underscores the value of advanced 3D models like ToP in advancing the understanding of cancer complexity and therapy responses.
Giant Piezoelectric Coefficient of Polyvinylidene Fluoride with Rationally Engineered Ultrafine Domains Achieved by Rapid Freezing Processing
Authors: Huang Yun‐Zhi , Liu Zhaoqi , Li Lan‐Wei , He He‐Zhi , Wang Zhong Lin , Qu Jin‐Ping , Chen Xiangyu , Huang Zhao‐Xia
Published: November 2024

Domains play an essential role in determining the piezoelectric properties of polymers. The conventional method for achieving ultrafine piezoelectric domain structures for polymers is multiphase polymerization, which is not the primary choice for industrial‐scale applications because of its complex synthesis and weak mechanical properties. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that a nanoscale domain design can be achieved in a commercially available polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) homopolymer through a simple fabrication method involving cyclic compression and rapid freezing. The domain‐engineered PVDF exhibits largely enhanced piezoelectric output with a record‐breaking piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 191.4 picocoulombs per Newton (8.9 times higher than that of PVDF without engineered domain structure) and electromechanical coupling factor (k33) of 77.1%. Moreover, nanoscale domain‐induced ferroelectric and dielectric evolutions are revealed. A smaller domain is found to be beneficial for domain switching. An in‐depth understanding of the interplay between the domain structure and piezoelectric properties reveals a simple, low‐cost method for fabricating high‐performance polymeric piezoelectric.
Programmable Shape‐Morphing Enables Ceramic Meta‐Aerogel Highly Stretchable for Thermal Protection
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Jianyong , Si Yang
Published: November 2024

Ceramic aerogels hold significant potential for thermal insulation, yet their mechanical stretchability and thermal stability fall short in extreme environments. Here, the study presents a programmable shape‐morphing strategy aimed at engineering a binary network topology structure within ceramic aerogels to effectively dissipate stress and block heat transfer. The special topology design, which includes kirigami lamellated aerogels for bearing loading stress and randomly assembled aerogels for mechanical energy pre‐storage to transfer tensile stress, effectively achieves unexpected mechanical tensile properties and thermal stability. The resulting robust meta‐aerogels demonstrate remarkable structural stability with topology‐derived mechanical tensile of up to 85% strain, excellent resilience to 500 cycles of 50% tensile strain, 1000 cycles of 60% buckling strain, and 500 cycles of 50% compressive strain, temperature‐invariant tensile recovery capability; simultaneously, low thermal conductivity of 33.01 mW m−1 K−1 and tensile‐invariant thermal insulation makes the ceramic meta‐aerogels an ideal substitute material for various applications.
Influence of Outcoupling Layers on Top‐Emitting Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Loy James C. , Qiu Weiming , Yang Diane , Scherlag Jack , Scott Jonathan , Rand Barry P.
Published: November 2024

The effects of different dielectric outcoupling layers on top‐emitting perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are studied. The ability to manipulate light output via index of refraction and thickness variation of the outcoupling layer is demonstrated, leading to 27.7% improvement in external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to devices without added outcoupling dielectric layers. Optimal dielectric thicknesses are able to be resolved for EQE enhancement across three outcoupling materials with different refractive indices. Optical simulations are shown to agree well with experimental results and allow for future optimization for various perovskite compositions with different emission spectra.
Spatial and Single‐Cell Transcriptomics Unraveled Spatial Evolution of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zheng Guangzhe , Chen Shaobo , Ma Wanqi , Wang Quanshu , Sun Li , Zhang Changwen , Chen Ge , Zhang Shuping , Chen Shuguang
Published: November 2024

Recurrence and metastasis are the major issues for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Current morphological and molecular classification systems are not satisfied for PTC diagnosis due to lacking variant‐specific morphological criteria and high signal‐to‐noise in mutation‐based diagnosis, respectively. Importantly, intratumor heterogeneity is largely lost in current molecular classification system, which can be resolved by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). However, scRNA‐seq loses spatial information and morphological features. Herein, scRNA‐seq is integrated and spatially‐resolved transcriptomics (SRT) to elaborate the mechanisms underlying the spatial heterogeneity, malignancy and metastasis of PTCs by associating transcriptome and local morphology. This results demonstrated that PTC cells evolved with multiple routes, driven by the enhanced aerobic metabolism and the suppressed mRNA translation and protein synthesis and the involvement of cell–cell interaction. Two curated malignant and metastatic footprints can discriminate PTC cells from normal thyrocytes. Ferroptosis resistance contributed to PTC evolution. This results will advance the knowledge of intratumor spatial heterogeneity and evolution of PTCs at spatial and single‐cell levels, and propose better diagnostic strategy.
Harnessing Tumor Cell‐Derived Exosomes for Immune Rejection Management in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Yang Jieru , Kang Huanmin , Liu Yingyi , Lu Shan , Wu Huihui , Zhang Bikui , He Yan , Zhou Wenhu
Published: November 2024

Transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end‐stage organ failures, but its efficacy is frequently compromised by immune rejection. This study introduces a novel strategy by utilizing tumor‐derived exosomes from B16‐F10 melanoma cells (B16‐Exo), diverging from the conventional use of immune cell‐derived exosomes, to alleviate post‐transplantation immune rejection. Utilizing murine corneal transplantation as a model, it is demonstrated that B16‐Exo significantly reduces immune rejection, evidenced by decreased corneal opacity, neovascularization, and immune dysregulation, while enhancing postoperative survival. Proteomic analyses reveal differential expression of pivotal proteins in B16‐Exo, notably the JAK2 protein within the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway, which has been mechanistically demonstrated to amplify the activity of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inhibit T cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate the significant immunomodulatory effect of B16‐Exo in transplant immunology, supporting the continued exploration of tumor‐derived exosomes as a platform to uncover novel immunosuppressive mechanisms in transplantation.
Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells Achieved by Synergistic Optimization of Extended End‐Capped Groups and Fluorinated Quinoxaline Central Cores in Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Zhang Chi , Shi Yanan , Tao Jing , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Hao , Qiu Dingding , Wang Caixuan , Tian Chenyang , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: November 2024

Molecular stacking behavior exerts a significant influence on the blend film morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs), further affecting device performance and stability. Modulation of the molecular structure, such as central unit and end‐group, can profoundly impact this process. Herein, four quinoxaline (Qx)‐fused‐core‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), Qx‐N4F and Qx‐o/m/p‐N4F are synthesized combining π‐extended end‐groups and optimized central units. The isomeric fluorinated central units lead to changes in the local dipole moments and electrostatic potential distribution, which influences the molecular stacking pattern and photoelectronic properties of NFAs. Consequently, binary and ternary devices based on PM6:Qx‐p‐N4F achieve superior power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 18.75% and 19.48%, respectively. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) characterization reveals Qx‐p‐N4F's stronger crystallinity, aggregation, and donor–acceptor interactions, which can separately enhance short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) through higher phase purity and tighter molecular stacking based on maintaining more donor–acceptor interfaces. Furthermore, PM6:Qx‐p‐N4F‐based devices demonstrate exceptional thermal stability, retaining 93.2% of the initial PCE value after 3000 h of heating due to the best morphological stability with the most stable stacking structure. These results underscore the significance of synergistic optimization of NFAs through conjugation expansion and halogenation substitution for obtaining efficient and stable OSCs.
Surface Potential Homogenization Improves Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Xu Yao , Yu Jiangkai , Liu Songtao , Tang Fei , Ma Nanxi , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of multicomponent metal halide perovskites (MHPs) by cationic and/or halide alloying allows band gap tuning, optimizing performance and improving stability. However, these multicomponent materials often suffer from compositional, structural, and property inhomogeneities, leading to uneven carrier transport and significant non‐radiative recombination losses in lead halide perovskites. While many researchers have focused on the aggregation of perovskite halide ions, the impact of the surface potential has received relatively less attention. In this study, the multifunctional ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazole dicyanamide (AMI) is introduced into the perovskite precursor to effectively regulate the surface potential of the perovskite layer. This approach inhibits non‐radiative recombination, enhances carrier injection, and improves device performance. Surface potential homogenization within the perovskite layer leads to simultaneous improvements in both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. For wide‐bandgap perovskites (1.81 eV), the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 20.44%, with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.339 V, a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.92 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor (FF) of 85%. This strategy also proved effective for conventional bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (1.53 eV), leading to a significant increase in performance, with the PCE increasing from 23.22% to 25.41%.
Modulating the Band Structure of Two‐Dimensional Black Phosphorus via Electronic Effects of Organic Functional Groups for Enhanced Hydrogen Production Activity
Authors: Leng Xuefeng , Yang Kaicheng , Sun Liping , Weng Jian , Xu Jun
Published: November 2024

Electronic effects of organic functional groups play a fundamental role in determining the rate and/or direction of organic chemical reactions. The implementation of this concept in selective organic catalysis is achieved by tuning the electronic effects of organic functional groups to alter the corresponding reactivity. However, this approach has hardly been applied to modulate the band structure of inorganic materials. Here, we show that modulating the electronic band structure of two‐dimensional black phosphorus (BP) is possible via the electronic effects of organic functional groups covalently modified on its surface. Organic functional group can either donate or withdraw charge density from BP surface, which will alter the bonding/anti‐binding orbitals occupancy and thus shift the band‐edge positions of functionalized BP downward/upward. Therefore, the valence‐band maxima and the conduction‐band minima of functionalized BP can be continuously tuned by changing the binding group with different Hammett parameters. Finally, unexpectedly high hydrogen evolution reaction rates under visible light are achieved using functionalized BP heterojunctions as photocatalysts. This work underscores the significant role of electronic effects in chemically controlling BP's band structure, offering greater flexibility and affordability beyond physical method limits.
Amino Acid‐Assisted Synthesis of Zeolites with Improved Catalytic Properties
Authors: Li Hao , Du Hongbin
Published: November 2024

Conventional zeolites are limited in their ability to catalyze macromolecular reactions due to micropore constraints, resulting in sluggish reactant and product diffusion and subsequently pore clogging and catalyst deactivation. Consequently, the pore and textural refinement of zeolites to meet industrial demands has become a research hotspot. Herein, we review the amino acid‐assisted methods in zeolite synthesis and scrutinize the principle and influential factors governing amino acid involvement in zeolite synthesis. Additionally, we analyze the advantages and challenges associated with the amino acid‐assisted method. Certain amino acids can interact with zeolite precursors or crystal surface, thus altering the crystal growth rate and enabling precise control over the crystal size and shape. On the other hand, amino acids can serve as structure‐directing agents to orchestrate the generation of mesoporous pores. These capabilities enable the production of zeolites with well‐defined pores, particle sizes and/or crystal shapes that satisfy catalytic requirements. Moreover, the unique properties of amino acids allow their complete elimination from the solid product through a simple aqueous washing process, facilitating their recovery for subsequent usage. As result, the amino acid‐assisted synthesis methods offer a convenient, green route to zeolites with modulated textual properties for high‐performance catalysis.
Adaptive neural hierarchical sliding mode control for uncertain switched underactuated nonlinear systems against unmodeled dynamics and input delay
Authors: Liu Shanlin , Zhao Ning , Zhang Liang , Xu Ning
Published: November 2024

In this article, the issue of adaptive control for switched underactuated systems subject to input delay and unmodeled dynamics is investigated. Unlike traditional backstepping methods, this paper introduces a hierarchical sliding mode control (HSMC) approach that can improve the response rate and robustness of the controlled plant. Under the framework of this control method, a top hierarchical sliding mode surface (HSMS) containing all the information of state variables and an effective controller consisting of switching control laws and equivalent control laws are constructed. In the control design process, an auxiliary system and a hyperbolic tangent function are introduced to compensate for the impact of input delay while avoiding singularity problems. In addition, a dynamic signal is designed to compensate the effect of the unmodeled dynamics. The designed controller can ensure that all signals of the closed‐loop system, including states of the auxiliary system, are bounded. Finally, the benefits of the proposed HSMC approach are confirmed by two simulation examples.
Approximate controllability of fractional differential systems with nonlocal conditions of order q∈(1,2)$$ q\in \left(1,2\right) $$ in Banach spaces
Authors: Ech‐chaffani Zoubida , Aberqi Ahmed , Karite Touria
Published: November 2024

In this work, we are concerned with the approximate controllability of fractional nonlinear differential equations with nonlocal conditions of order
in Banach spaces. As far as we know, few articles are investigating this issue. The idea is to see under which sufficient conditions the proposed control problem is approximately controllable. The discussion is based on the theory of resolvent operator, fractional calculus techniques, and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem under the assumption that the associated linear system is approximately controllable. The obtained results improve some existing analogous ones on this topic to some extent. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the applications of the obtained results.
Inverse‐Weighted Quantile Regression With Partially Interval‐Censored Data
Authors: Kim Yeji , Choi Taehwa , Park Seohyeon , Choi Sangbum , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating censored quantile regression using inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) methodology, specifically tailored for data sets featuring partially interval‐censored data. Such data sets, often encountered in HIV/AIDS and cancer biomedical research, may include doubly censored (DC) and partly interval‐censored (PIC) endpoints. DC responses involve either left‐censoring or right‐censoring alongside some exact failure time observations, while PIC responses are subject to interval‐censoring. Despite the existence of complex estimating techniques for interval‐censored quantile regression, we propose a simple and intuitive IPCW‐based method, easily implementable by assigning suitable inverse‐probability weights to subjects with exact failure time observations. The resulting estimator exhibits asymptotic properties, such as uniform consistency and weak convergence, and we explore an augmented‐IPCW (AIPCW) approach to enhance efficiency. In addition, our method can be adapted for multivariate partially interval‐censored data. Simulation studies demonstrate the new procedure's strong finite‐sample performance. We illustrate the practical application of our approach through an analysis of progression‐free survival endpoints in a phase III clinical trial focusing on metastatic colorectal cancer.
Novel analytical approach for baclofen quantification in rodent plasma
Authors: Dhiman Bindu , Yadav Mithlesh , Dhiman Anju , Satija Saurabh
Published: November 2024

A simple, accurate, and robust reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of Baclofen in rat plasma. The method demonstrated high degree of linearity (r2 = 0.9936) across a concentration range of 10–50 μg/mL. Precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness were evaluated according to ICH guidelines. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.076197 and 0.23090 μg/mL, respectively. This method provides an efficient approach for Baclofen quantification in plasma, making it suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies. The novelty of this study lies in its optimization for routine use in laboratories, ensuring reproducibility with minimal variations across different conditions and analysts.
The Treatment of Primary Lymphoepithelioma‐Like Carcinoma in the Head and Neck and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Qiaohong , Du Mingyuan , Yan Shida , Zhang Xing , Li Xiyuan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Shiting , Chen Shuwei , Song Ming
Published: November 2024

Background

An uncommon cancer, lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) resembles undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) histologically. The aim is mainly to introduce the diagnosis and treatment of LELC and compare it with NPC in our descriptive study.

Methods

A total of 278 patients with NPC and 157 patients with head and neck LELC had their medical records examined in this study. The propensity score matching (PSM) approach was employed to attain a 1:1 match between the LELC and NPC groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for overall survival (OS) of LELC and NPC. To determine their predictive values for OS, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with significant survival differences (p < 0.05) were carried out.

Results

Similar to NPC, 107 (68.2%) LELC cases had Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. LELC of the parotid glands was present in nearly 46.5% of patients with head and neck LELC. Most patients were treated with surgery with neck dissection. After PSM, LELC had similar 5‐year OS rates to NPC (81.6% vs. 79.0%). LELC was less prone to distant metastasis compared to NPC. Age, T stage, N stage, and distant metastases were found to be substantially correlated with the outcome of LELC, according to the multivariate Cox regression analysis (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

EBV infection in the head and neck has been associated with LELC and NPC. When compared to NPC, LELC is more likely to arise in the salivary glands and has a lower incidence of distant metastasis. Surgery with neck dissection is the primary treatment for LELC.
Cation Effect of Bio‐Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolytes on the Performance of Zn‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Brahma Sumana , Huddleston Jonathan , Lahiri Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Zn‐ion capacitors (ZICs) are emerging as promising energy storage devices due to their low cost. Currently, aqueous‐based electrolytes are primarily used in ZIC which have shown issues related to low Zn deposition/stripping efficiencies, and Zn dendrites formation, resulting in device failure. To overcome these issues and to develop environmentally benign energy storage devices, here we have studied bio‐ionic liquid electrolytes (bio‐ILs) in both symmetric and asymmetric capacitors. Choline acetate (ChOAc) and betaine acetate (BetOAc) in water were investigated as electrolytes for capacitors in the presence and absence of Zn salts. Spectroscopic analysis showed that Zn solvation in the electrolytes changes significantly with the change in cation which affects the electrochemical reactions and capacitor performance. Raman analysis showed the Zn complex formed in the case of ChOAc is [Zn(OAc)4]2− whereas for BetOAc is [Zn(OAc)5]3− thereby the Zn deposition/stripping in ChOAc‐based electrolyte is quite stable whereas in case of BetOAc, Zn deposition/stripping is unstable. In the ChOAc electrolyte, the Zn/activated carbon asymmetric cell showed a capacity of >90 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a capacitance close to 40 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with ∼82 % capacity retention after 3000 cycles, whereas BetOAc could only be used in symmetric cell capacitor. This study shows that bio‐ILs can be used as sustainable electrolytes in energy storage devices wherein the cation plays a significant role in the capacitor performance.
Biocatalytic Amino Acid Functionalisation
Authors: Petchey Mark R. , Schneider Pascal , Harwood Lucy A.
Published: November 2024

The success of new therapeutic modalities relies on advancements in synthetic chemistry to produce compounds for evaluation throughout the drug discovery process. The use of non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) allows the properties of peptide drugs to be modified and optimised beyond the defined characteristics of the 20 proteogenic amino acids. Synthesis of ncAAs can be either through a bespoke chemical synthesis, or directly from the parent compound – using either traditional chemical reagents or using enzymes – to achieve the desired modification. This review will highlight recent advancements in the enzymatic functionalisation of amino acids to produce a variety of ncAAs.
Analysis and Fuzzy Neural Networks‐Based Inertia Coefficient Adjustment Strategy of Power Converters
Authors: Dongfeng Xing , Mingxing Tian
Published: November 2024

With the development of new energy generation technology and power electronic technology, power electronic equipment occupies an increasing proportion of the power system, and its control flexibility makes the power system complicated, bringing problems such as low inertia, low damping, high harmonics, low reliability, and weak anti‐interference ability. Especially the influence of converter on inertia of power system, even causing excessive frequency fluctuations, leading to the collapse of the power system. In view of the inertia problem of converters, this article starts with the principle of converters and analyzes the inertia transmission characteristics of different types of converters in power systems by three types of control strategies. Based on the influence of the inertia parameters of converters on system frequency and power, a converter inertia target function is established, and a neural network adaptive adjustment strategy for converter inertia coefficient is proposed to achieve self‐adaptive optimization of converter output power and system frequency. The corresponding converter model is established, and the simulation circuit and control model are built by Simulink to verify the inertia transfer characteristics. The simulation results show the correctness of the relevant theories and provide theoretical support for the inertia design of high‐proportion power electronic systems.
Numerical and Experimental Evidence of Extreme Events in a Sprott‐Like Model
Authors: Thamilmaran K. , Dinesh Vijay S.
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the occurrence of extreme events (EEs) in a Sprott‐like autonomous third‐order nonlinear system exhibiting non‐hyperbolic nature. The presence of non‐hyperbolicity in the system leads to various dynamic behaviors such as quasi‐periodicity, multistability, crisis, and intermittency. In our study, we analyzed the large‐amplitude intermittent chaotic oscillations using time series analysis, one‐parameter bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov spectra, and two‐parameter phase diagram. We confirmed the existence of EEs statistically using probability distribution functions (PDFs). To validate the numerical results, we performed circuit simulation studies using OrCAD PSpice as well as real‐time experimental observations using hardware implementation of the electronic circuit. In our studies, we find that the numerical, simulation, and experimental results are in agreement with each other.