bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION OF RUSSIAN ARTICLES FOR A PRACTICAL COURSE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Tashkent State Pedagogical University Faculty of Nizami Languages The department of Russian language and teaching methods is a teacher, Uzbekistan, Shaxobovna Maqsudova Fayzilat
Published: May 2022

Each language has a certain amount of proverbs and sayings that give it a unique flavor, but make it difficult to master. In teaching Russian to Russian students, we placed great emphasis on increasing the vocabulary, one of the most effective ways to increase the vocabulary is to work with proverbs and sayings. Assimilation of any foreign language, including Russian, certainly means getting acquainted with its proverbs and proverbial fund. In addition, the need to study Russian proverbs and sayings outside the linguistic and cultural environment is explained because these units are a rich source of regional and cultural information, not only satisfying the cognitive interest of Iranian students but also a strong motivating factor in learning stages.
THE ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHOBLE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors:   Head of Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, medical radiology, Uzbekistan, Abdurakhmonovich Khamidov Obid , Danabayevich Zhuraev Kamoliddin ,   Assistant Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, medical radiology, Uzbekistan, Mukhsinovich Khamrokulov Munis ,   Clinical intern at the Department of Medical Radiology, Uzbekistan, Alisherovna Azimova Kamola ,   Clinical intern at the Department of Medical Radiology, Uzbekistan, Dilshod Ugli Sayfiev Davron ,   Clinical Resident of the Department of Medical Radiology, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common human disease. Further increase of morbidity rate is predicted in the nearest years. Early diagnosis of COPD is of topical importance, and computed tomography (CT) is generally accepted as the "gold" standard for its diagnosis. Therefore, this publication presents a literature review on CT diagnostics of COPD.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTSENOSIS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors:   Doctor of Medical Science, professor, Academician of the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences of the Russian Federation, Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications of Medical Workers, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Ne'matov Aminjon , Kudiyarov Islambek ,   Assistant, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Yodgorova Nodira ,   Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Science, associate professor, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Orinbayeva Zuxra ,   Assistant, Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in the intestinal microflora of patients with COVID-19 in foreign countries and the role of microorganisms in the development of dysbacteriosis. Patients with Covid-19 usually complain of fever, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, headache, and fatigue, but at the same time, some patients with Covid-19 experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, complaints from the gastrointestinal trac. The literature review analyzed the etiological causes of intestinal dysbacteriosis in COVID-19. It has been established that in the intestinal microflora of patients with COVID-19, there is an increase in the number of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the number of beneficial microorganisms.
THE ROLE OF COURT DECISIONS AS A LEGAL SOURCE IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Master’s student, High School of Judges under the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Maksudbekovich Musaev Umidbek
Published: May 2022

One of the most important responsibilities of any jurisdiction the provision of fair punishment of persons who committed crimes. The ultimate purpose of judicial reform is to create all the essential conditions for the fair implementation of the guarantees of personal freedom of citizens. The country's attitude toward the individual's freedom and inviolability is reflected in the high level of legal protection it receives - the effective functioning of the judiciary in the country to protect the rights and interests of the individual.
MODEL LAWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES REGARDING ANTI-CORRUPTION EXPERTISE OF DRAFT LEGISLATION
Authors:   Lecturer at the Department of Organization of Supervision over the Execution of Legislation Academy of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan, independent applicant, 1st class lawyer, Uzbekistan, Isomovich Kenjaev Timur
Published: May 2022

This scientific work was prepared by the author as part of the preparation of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). The article includes an overview of the acts adopted by the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS Member States that affect the anti-corruption expertise of draft legislation. The proposed models for the CIS countries are considered, as well as the mechanisms used in some countries of the post-Soviet space. A brief overview of the legislation of the CIS countries in the field of regulation of anti-corruption expertise of draft regulations is given. In parallel, the author, based on the experience under consideration, developed appropriate proposals for improving the mechanisms for applying anti-corruption expertise of draft legislation in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Stohmann Patrick , Koch Sascha , Yang Yang , Kaiser Christopher David , Ehrens Julian , Schnack Jürgen , Biere Niklas , Anselmetti Dario , Gölzhäuser Armin , Zhang Xianghui
Published: May 2022

Ultrathin membranes with subnanometer pores enabling molecular size-selective separation were generated on surfaces via electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The evolution of p-terphenylthiol (TPT) SAMs on Au(111) surfaces into cross-linked monolayers was observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. As the irradiation dose was increased, the cross-linked regions continued to grow and a large number of subnanometer voids appeared. Their equivalent diameter is 0.5 ± 0.2 nm and the areal density is ≈1.7 × 1017 m−2. Supported by classical molecular dynamics simulations, we propose that these voids may correspond to free volumes inside a cross-linked monolayer.
E-COMMERCE WEBSITE FOR BIKE ACCESSORIES
Authors:   CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500068, India, S Venkata Achuta Rao , Manasa Kakumani ,   CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500068, India, Pragna Sree Yerramilli ,   CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500068, India, Sai Kumari Uppu ,   CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500068, India, Mohan Yechuri ,   CSE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500068, India
Published: May 2022

In this era of internet, E-commerce is growing by leaps and bounds. ECommerce(electroniccommerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. These business transactions occur either as Business-to-Business(B2B), Business-to Customer(B2C), Customer-to-Customer(C2C) and Customer-to-Business(C2B). Here we are building an e-commerce website based on Businessto Customer(B2C). An e-commerce website built for a bike accessories company to scale up business throughout the pandemic and post-pandemic. Our solution is well equipped with an upfront tech stack, the backend is built on python, frontend vue.js and elastic server capabilities. Our Project eases people to have their biking accessories within their reach without moving out and can also avail great varieties with customized options which put them in a comfortable zone.
Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Indian Higher Education System
Authors:   Coordinator Sri Sukhmani International School, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Hans Emmanuel , Hans Anjali ,   ELPD Trainer cum Content Writer, Chandigarh University, Mohali
Published: May 2022

It has been commonly accepted and proven that information and communication technology (ICT) is the engine of the 21st century. The use of the Internet and the web as well as the emerging of different communication channels have brought the world closer and contributed to the concepts of globalization. This paper examines the use of emerging information and communication technology tools in teaching and learning of higher education. Higher education systems have grown exponentially in the last five decades to meet the demands of quality education for all. This aspect has further gained momentum due to swift advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The focus of this paper is to examine the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in higher education in India in the 21st century. The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has brought changes to teaching and learning at all levels of higher education systems (HES) leading to quality enhancements in the 21st century. Key Words: ICT, Higher Education System, Communication Channels, Internet, Quality Education
Explore Website
Authors:   B.Sc. Information Technology Student Department of CS&IT, JAIN (Deemed-To-Be University), Peter Neha Rachel , Jims Anupama ,   Assistant Professor Department of CS&IT, JAIN (Deemed-To-Be University)
Published: May 2022

Think about the times you have thought of visiting a place and try to plan your travel and schedule it. It was always a hard task to do it by yourself, so most of us usually try to depend on travel groups or organizations. Explore is a website aimed at the travelers out there, the basic aim of the project is to bring out underrated places and spots around and nearby the place you are in or deciding to visit. Explore is also a social media for travelers where they can upload pictures of places they visited with the location Keywords: Travel, Web application, Nearby location tracker
Eficacia y efectos de herramientas de prevención de incendios en ecosistemas forestales de la Sierra del Segura
Authors: Moya Daniel
Published: May 2022

Los incendios constituyen la principal amenaza de muchas áreas forestales españolas, especialmente con las previsiones sobre el cambio climático y uso del suelo que auguran un agravamiento del problema. Por ello, resulta imprescindible disponer de nuevas herramientas y tecnologías que mejoren la eficacia en la protección de nuestros ecosistemas forestales y que faciliten su extinción y reduzcan su superficie y severidad, en caso de producirse. En este contexto, el objetivo principal es el de realizar una valoración de la eficacia de los tratamientos preventivos por reducción de carga de combustible mediante quemas prescritas y mecánicas.
A brief review on genetics of opioid receptors in opioid addiction
Authors: Wijekumar P. J , Ranadeva N.D.K , Jayamaha Akila R , Fernando S. S. N.
Published: May 2022

Opioid addiction is a chronic mental illness that manifests itself
through several relapses and remissions throughout the course
of an addict's life. Over the last few decades, opioid addiction
has developed into a significant public health epidemic.
Classical molecular genetics research has limited the opioid
receptor family down to three major subtypes: mu (µ), kappa
(κ), and delta (δ) opioid receptors, which are encoded by the
OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes. Individuals' opioid
addiction is regulated by this OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1
genes via a reward system route, including the dopaminergic
system. Furthermore, when opioid ligands attach to these
receptors, it produces euphoric and rewarding effects.
Numerous research has been conducted on the single nucleotide
variations (SNVs) of these genes in several ethnic groups.
The majority of the studies had focused on the OPRM1 gene and
its variants. Therefore, this article will summarize recent
research on opioid receptor genetic variants associated with
opioid addiction and emphasize the relevance and importance of
investigating gene variants to ascertain genetic predisposition.
Dynamical Evolution of Ejecta from the DART Impact on Dimorphos
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Marzari Francesco , Brucato John Robert , Corte Vincenzo Della , Dotto Elisabetta , Ieva Simone , Ivanovski Stavro Lambrov , Lucchetti Alice , Epifani Elena Mazzotta , Pajola Maurizio , Poggiali Giovanni , Zinzi Angelo ,   The LICIACube Team
Published: May 2022

The DART spacecraft will impact Dimorphos (the secondary body of the Didymos binary asteroid) to test the kinetic impactor deflection method against possibly hazardous near-Earth asteroids. The DART impact ejecta plume, and possibly the impact crater, will be imaged by the LICIACube spacecraft, hosted as a piggyback and released by DART just before the impact, and then, several years later, by the Hera probe. To exploit the wealth of data obtained and understand the physics of the whole impact experiment, it is of paramount importance to properly model the dynamics of the binary system pre- and postimpact and the dynamics of the particles ejected from the impact crater. A model was developed to simulate the evolution of the ejecta particles created during the impact in order to first interpret the LICIACube images and then test the survival of particles on long intervals of time that might be detected by the Hera mission either as individual bodies or as parts of rings. The dynamical evolution of the particles is simulated over different timescales to highlight the most important perturbations and their relative importance. The ejecta dynamics turns out to be highly chaotic due to repeated close encounters with the two asteroids. However, we find that some ejecta survive in the binary orbital environment for timescales comparable to the Hera arrival time. The effects of the particles reimpacting against either one of the components is also analyzed to estimate the amount of momentum transfer to the target bodies.
A Collision Mechanism for the Removal of Earth's Trojan Asteroids
Authors: Napier Kevin J. , Markwardt Larissa , Adams Fred C. , Gerdes David W. , Wen Lin 林 Hsing 省文
Published: May 2022

Due to their strong resonances with their host planet, Trojan asteroids can remain in stable orbits for billions of years. As a result, they are powerful probes for constraining the dynamical and chemical history of the solar system. Although we have detected thousands of Jupiter Trojans and dozens of Neptune Trojans, there are currently no known long-term stable Earth Trojans (ETs). Dynamical simulations show that the parameter space for stable ETs is substantial, so their apparent absence poses a mystery. This work uses a large ensemble of N-body simulations to explore how the Trojan population dynamically responds if Earth suffers large collisions, such as those thought to have occurred to form the Moon and/or to have given Earth its late veneer. We show that such collisions can be highly disruptive to the primordial Trojan population, and could have eliminated it altogether. More specifically, if Earth acquired the final 1% of its mass through


(
10
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collisions, then only ∼1% of the previously bound Trojan population would remain.
Four new species of Trichomonascaceae (Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetes) from Central China
Authors: Chai Chun-Yue , Gao Wan-Li , Yan Zhen-Li , Hui Feng-Li
Published: May 2022

Trichomonascaceae is the largest family of ascomycetous yeast in the order Saccharomycetales. In spite of the extensive body of research on Trichomonascaceae in China, there remain new species to be discovered. Here, we describe four new species isolated from several rotting wood samples from Henan Province, Central China. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined ITS and nrLSU dataset with morphological studies revealed four new species in the Trichomonascaceae: Diddensiella luoyangensis, Sugiyamaella cylindrica, Su. robnettiae, and Zygoascus detingensis. Clustering in the Diddensiella clade, D. luoyangensis’ closest neighbour was D. transvaalensis. Meanwhile, Su. cylindrica clustered in the Sugiyamaella clade closest to Su. marilandica and Su. qingdaonensis. Also clustering in the Sugiyamaella clade, Su. robnettiae was most closely related to Su. chuxiongensis. Finally, Z. detingensis occupied a distinct and separated basal branch from the other species of the genus Zygoascus. These results indicate a high species diversity of Trichomonascaceae.
Genetic and morphological evidence indicates the persistence of Japanese mitten crab mitochondrial DNA in Europe for over 20 years and its introgression into Chinese mitten crabs
Authors: Homberger Lena , Xu Jiawu , Brandis Dirk , Chan Tin-Yam , Keirsebelik Heleen , Normant-Saremba Monika , Schoelynck Jonas , Chu Ka Hou , Ewers-Saucedo Christine
Published: May 2022

Cryptic biological invasions are largely unrecognised, leading to an underestimation of the number of invading taxa and their potential impacts. The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a highly invasive species with serious economic and ecological impacts in Europe. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Japanese mitten crab, E. japonica, has been discovered in populations from The Netherlands, Poland and Germany, but the taxonomic status and time of introduction of specimens carrying this mtDNA are uncertain. To this end, we investigated the morphology and variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitten crabs collected in central-western Europe between 1998 and 2020. Mitten crabs from Belgium harboured a Japanese mitten crab COI haplotype in 33% to 65% of individuals, even in our earliest samples from 1998. All other studied populations carried only Chinese mitten crab COI haplotypes. Morphologically, many of the juvenile Belgian mitten crabs showed intermediate traits between the two species, while all investigated adult mitten crabs, regardless of their mitochondrial haplotype or country of origin, were morphologically assigned to E. sinensis. This intermediate morphology of the juveniles and genetic-morphological discrepancy of adults suggests that Japanese mitten crabs introgressed with Chinese mitten crabs, which could have happened both before and after the introduction of mitten crabs to Europe. A specific Chinese mitten crab COI haplotype, found in Belgium, was previously only known from Vladivostok (Russia), where Chinese and Japanese mitten crab hybrids naturally occur. This Far East region is, therefore, a plausible source for at least part of the mitten crab mitochondrial diversity in Belgium.
Risk factors and clinical impact of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: Multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Raeseok , Cho Sung-Yeon , Lee Dong-Gun , Ahn Hyojin , Choi Hyeah , Choi Su-Mi , Choi Jae-Ki , Choi Jung-Hyun , Kim Shin Young , Kim Youn Jeong , Lee Hyo-Jin
Published: May 2022

Background/Aims: The risk factors and clinical impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) remain controversial, and no data have been reported in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and importance of CAPA diagnostic efforts and to identify the predictors of CAPA and the impacts on clinical outcomes.Methods: Between January 2020 and May 2021, data of severely to critically ill COVID-19 patients were extracted from seven hospitals of the Catholic Medical Center through a clinical data warehouse. Corticosteroid use was subcategorized into total cumulative dose, early 7-day dose, mean daily dose, and duration of use.Results: A total of 2,427 patients were screened, and 218 patients were included. CAPA was diagnosed in 4.6% (10/218) of all hospitalized and 11.2% (10/89) of intensive care unit patients. Total cumulative dose (over 1,000 mg as methylprednisolone) and daily high-dose corticosteroid use (over 60 mg/day) were independent predictors but not early 7-day high-dose corticosteroid use (over 420 mg/week) (odds ratio [OR], 1.731; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.350 to 8.571) nor prolonged use (OR, 2.794; 95% CI, 0.635 to 13.928). In-hospital overall mortality was 11.9% (26 of 218). CAPA itself did not affect the outcome; rather, daily high-dose steroid use significantly increased the 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 5.645; 95% CI, 1.225 to 26.091).Conclusions: CAPA was not uncommon, especially in critically ill patients. Daily high-dose corticosteroid use was the predictor of CAPA and associated with high mortality rates. High-dose corticosteroids use after early inflammatory phase should be avoided, and active surveillance methods for CAPA are essential for those high-risk patients.
Quantitative Evaluation of Binocular Visual Perception in Patients With Strabismus: An Observational Study
Authors: Li Qian , Fu Te , Ma Xiansheng , Ren Cong , Guo Bin , Li Zhongen
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To quantitatively evaluate and compare binocular visual perception between normal individuals and patients with different types of strabismus using a binocular phase combination paradigm.

Methods:

A total of 117 participants were included in the study and were divided into the normal control group, exophoria group, comitant exotropia group, comitant esotropia group, and special strabismus group according to the type of strabismus. The effective contrast ratio (ECR) was measured to quantitatively evaluate binocular visual perception. Binocular fusion was evaluated using the Worth 4-dots flashlight. Stereoacuity was detected by the Titmus stereo test.

Results:

The mean ECRs in the normal control group, exophoria group, comitant exotropia group, comitant esotropia group, and special strabismus group were 0.896 ± 0.214, 0.824 ± 0.234, 0.520 ± 0.279, 0.261 ± 0.139, and 0.461 ± 0.243, respectively. Within-group differences in the ECR were statistically significant. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the normal control group and exophoria group, and the concomitant exotropia group and special strabismus group and the other groups were statistically significant in pairwise comparison. The binocular visual perception was basically balanced in the exotropia group and most imbalanced in the comitant esotropia group, followed by the comitant exotropia group and the special strabismus group. The results also indicated that the decreased ECR was related to poor stereopsis and ECR had a significant positive correlation with binocular fusion function.

Conclusions:

Different types of strabismus have different degrees of visual perception imbalance. The binocular phase combination paradigm applied in this study can quickly and accurately quantify the degree of binocular visual perception imbalance in patients with strabismus by measuring ECR.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(2):120–130.]
Management of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Children in the United Kingdom: A Review of the Literature and Current Best Practice Across Six Large United Kingdom Centers
Authors: Ghauri Abdul-Jabbar , Biswas Susmito , Manzouri Bita , Barua Ankur , Sharma Vibha , Hoole Janice , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret
Published: May 2022

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a form of ocular allergy primarily affecting children. Considered a rare disease in Europe, its prevalence varies by geographic region and is poorly studied in the United Kingdom. There is considerable national variation in the management of VKC within the United Kingdom, risking misdiagnosis and delays to treatment for some children. This can significantly impact their quality of life, with the potential for lasting negative consequences. Based on discussions between experienced clinicians from six large centers across the United Kingdom, this article describes best practice recommendations for United Kingdom settings, including principles for diagnosis, referral, initial and long-term management, and supportive care. Recommendations include guidance on referral timing, which should depend on VKC severity, and a stepwise approach to treatment. Joint management by primary care and secondary care is recommended and the importance of supportive care, including emotional support and outreach to schools, is highlighted. Because frequent flareups are common in VKC, it is essential that families have access to the information they need to manage the disease and routes to access rapid care if needed. A thorough understanding of the nature of VKC, its triggers, and how best to manage it, by both patients and their families, is critical to ensuring appropriate management and to improving patient outcomes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(1):6–17.]
The Danger of Laser Pointer–Induced Retinal Damage in Children: A Large United Kingdom Case Series and Survey of Public Awareness
Authors: Chen Yunzi , Cunningham Alan , Kotagiri Ajay
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To explore the clinical features of laser pointer–related retinal injuries among children and gain insight into the general public awareness around laser pointer use.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case series of 9 children (12 eyes) with laser pointer–related retinal injury from a United Kingdom tertiary ophthalmology unit and a prospective survey of laser pointer use and awareness among children and parents presenting to the hospital eye service for other eye conditions.

Results:

Within the case series, 67% of patients were asymptomatic on presentation. A mean follow-up of 25.6 months showed that structural changes persisted in all cases, and in one case, there was progression in the macular lesion size. One case presented with secondary choroidal neovascular membrane, requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. A survey showed that 9% of children admitted to having played with laser pointers and 13% of parents were aware of their children playing with laser pointers. Only one-third of children and parents were aware of laws regulating laser pointers. Most parents (96%) agreed that there needs to be increased awareness regarding laser pointers' effect on vision.

Conclusions:

This study has highlighted that although children may be asymptomatic at presentation, there is usually permanent structural damage to the macula, and complications such as secondary choroidal neovascular membrane can develop years later. The survey found a relatively high incidence of laser pointer use with little awareness of the regulation laws. There is an urgent need to establish more robust measures to improve public awareness and regulations around laser pointers.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(1):52–59.]
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Ophthalmological Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gabrani Chrysoula , Mitsikas Dimitrios , Giannakou Konstantinos , Lamnisos Demetris
Published: May 2022

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection and can be a major cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including various ocular disorders in infants and young children. This review summarizes the evidence on the association between congenital CMV infection and the type and frequency of ocular disorders. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception through December 2021 to identify studies examining the association between congenital CMV infection and the occurrence of ocular disorders in children born with this infection. Seventeen articles were identified. A total of 306 ocular disorders were identified in 977 children, with 45 of them (4.6%) being related to cases of chorioretinitis. A total of 259 of the 306 (84.6%) ocular disorders occurred in symptomatic children. Four studies did not report the number of children with ophthalmological disorders. The remaining 13 studies reporting this parameter included 666 children, of whom 85 had ophthalmological disorders (12.7%). Vision was tested in 556 children and visual impairement was detected in 91 of them (16.3%). Given the high prevalence of congenital CMV infection and the frequent occurrence of ocular disorders, the question that arises is whether there should be worldwide screening for congenital CMV infection so that both symptomatic and asymptomatic children can be detected in time to reduce the burden of the disease and its complications.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2023;60(2):86–94.]
The Impact of Early Photoscreening on Medium-term Visual Acuity: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Oliveira Inês , Ferreira André , Vieira Rita , Malheiro Luísa , Caiado Filipa , Maia Sofia , Miranda Vasco , Parreira Ricardo , Menéres Pedro
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To analyze the outcomes of an early ophthalmological intervention in children included in the pilot project of the “Rastreio de Saúde Visual Infantil” (RSVI) visual screening program in Portugal.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all children included in the RSVI from April 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, and who were referred to an ophthalmology appointment. Data of refractive errors, anisometropia, amblyopia, instituted treatments, and visual acuity at the end of the ophthalmological intervention were collected.

Results:

Two hundred sixty-seven (18.2%) 2-year-old children from the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto reference area had a positive screening result and were subsequently referred to an ophthalmology appointment. Glasses were prescribed to 31.1% of the patients who attended. Presumed amblyopia was diagnosed in 2.5% and occlusion was prescribed. At the end of a median follow-up of 3 years, of those who wore glasses without occlusion, 94.3% had a visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes with an asymmetry of two lines or less between eyes. Of the 4 children who wore glasses with occlusion, 3 of them had a visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes with an asymmetry of two lines or less between eyes.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an early intervention in the prevention and treatment of amblyopia, because after a median follow-up of 3 years after treatment none of the referred children met criteria for amblyopia and 94.3% of the referred children who had an intervention had a normal visual acuity.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(3):178–183.]
Extended dynamic mode decomposition for cyclic macroeconomic data
Authors: Leventides John , Melas Evangelos , Poulios Costas
Published: May 2022

We apply methods from the Koopman operator theory, Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition and machine learning in the study of business cycle models. We use a simple non-linear dynamical system whose main merit is that in the appropriate parameter space sector predicts intrinsically business cycles which in the phase space are structurally stable limit cycles. Our objective is to approximate this system with a finite dimensional linear model which is defined on some augmented state space. We approximate so the trajectories of the system and obtain an alternative non-perturbative description of the system which can be used for prediction and control. This approach can also be applied to other models as well as to real data.
Iterative solutions via some variants of extragradient approximants in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Arfat Yasir , Khan Muhammad Aqeel Ahmad , Kumam Poom , Kumam Wiyada , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan
Published: May 2022

This paper provides iterative solutions, via some variants of the extragradient approximants, associated with the pseudomonotone equilibrium problem (EP) and the fixed point problem (FPP) for a finite family of $ \eta $-demimetric operators in Hilbert spaces. The classical extragradient algorithm is embedded with the inertial extrapolation technique, the parallel hybrid projection technique and the Halpern iterative methods for the variants. The analysis of the approximants is performed under suitable set of constraints and supported with an appropriate numerical experiment for the viability of the approximants.
Automatic Debiased Machine Learning of Causal and Structural Effects
Authors: Chernozhukov Victor , Newey Whitney K. , Singh Rahul
Published: May 2022

Many causal and structural effects depend on regressions. Examples include policy effects, average derivatives, regression decompositions, average treatment effects, causal mediation, and parameters of economic structural models. The regressions may be high‐dimensional, making machine learning useful. Plugging machine learners into identifying equations can lead to poor inference due to bias from regularization and/or model selection. This paper gives automatic debiasing for linear and nonlinear functions of regressions. The debiasing is automatic in using Lasso and the function of interest without the full form of the bias correction. The debiasing can be applied to any regression learner, including neural nets, random forests, Lasso, boosting, and other high‐dimensional methods. In addition to providing the bias correction, we give standard errors that are robust to misspecification, convergence rates for the bias correction, and primitive conditions for asymptotic inference for estimators of a variety of estimators of structural and causal effects. The automatic debiased machine learning is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for the NSW job training data and to estimate demand elasticities from Nielsen scanner data while allowing preferences to be correlated with prices and income.
Exposer le social : musées et connaissances « utiles » au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Debluë Claire-Lise
Published: May 2022

Depuis quand expose-t-on le « social » et à quelles conditions ? Près d’un siècle avant que la notion de « musée de société » ne s’impose, ces quelques questions étaient déjà au cœur des préoccupations de certains réformateurs sociaux. Soucieux de faire du musée un lieu où donner forme à leur vision du monde social, ces réformateurs, cherchant à incarner ces principes à travers une multitude de dispositifs visuels et matériels, peuvent sans doute être considérés comme les précurseurs des musées de société. Rompant avec la tradition des collections patrimoniales tournées vers le passé, les musées sociaux furent en effet conçus comme des véritables « laboratoires » où expérimenter de nouvelles manières de façonner le monde social et d’en négocier les représentations. Cet article s’intéresse aux discours et aux pratiques qui entourèrent la création des premiers musées sociaux, et s’interroge sur cette période clé du début du xxe siècle pour la formation de nouvelles subjectivités. À travers l’étude de cas du Musée social suisse (Zurich, 1917), il analyse la manière dont les nouveaux savoirs sociaux furent véhiculés et retrace les usages – nécessairement subjectifs – qui en façonnèrent le sens. Enfin, cet article propose d’éclairer d’un jour nouveau la genèse des musées de société.
Du musée intégral au musée social : l’épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil
Authors: Brulon Soares Bruno
Published: May 2022

La réflexion sur l’épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil s’appuie ici sur une observation des énoncés et des usages contemporains du musée. Notre objectif est de démontrer comment, à partir d’influences diverses et grâce à certaines politiques publiques nationales, les « musées sociaux » partagent certaines caractéristiques communes et issues des mêmes principes « idéologiques » à la base de la notion de « musée de société » dans le contexte français. En outre, nous chercherons à démontrer comment ces musées ont subverti la normativité disciplinaire de ce même concept dans les expériences locales en Amérique latine. Enfin, à travers l’exemple du Museu das remoções, un musée social urbain créé en 2016, nous montrerons la manière dont la « muséologie sociale » reflète cette tendance à l’expression contestataire, aussi bien inspirée par des modèles importés que subvertie par les groupes sociaux qui se reconnaissent comme acteurs de la contre-muséalisation politisée du patrimoine.
Société, musées et réappropriation sociale comme « utopie » : modèles de musées de société en Espagne
Authors: Navajas Corral Óscar
Published: May 2022

Les musées et la muséologie sont confrontés au xxie siècle à des défis qui vont au-delà de la conservation et de la recherche des biens patrimoniaux. Notre société liquide, immergée dans le système de consommation, affecte les processus culturels et, bien sûr, les musées. La fonction de ces institutions est aujourd’hui de servir d’intermédiaires entre le tourisme de masse, un système néolibéral qui tend à les transformer en parcs à thème et un passé élitiste et uchronique. En même temps, elles doivent devenir des entités capables de faire face aux problèmes et aux besoins sociaux (droits de l’Homme, justice sociale, etc.). Une utopie qui reflète plus les souhaits et la bonne volonté que les événements réels. Cet article présente des expériences de muséologie sociale en Espagne, qui correspondraient aux soi-disant « musées de société », et qui offrent des outils pour faire de cette utopie une réalité, en générant des processus de gouvernance, de participation communautaire, de réappropriation sociale des musées et de compréhension du patrimoine en tant que ressource « commune ».
Explicating Sustainable Development Growth and Triumph
Authors: Karia Noorliza
Published: May 2022

The chapter provides valuable insight into the Islamic teachings in environmental conservation. Yet, the gaps exist in the study and understanding of environmental sustainability from the Islamic approach. This chapter identifies sustainable practices from Islamic views based on 12 articles derived from a systematic review. Results reveal the documents emphasizing the principle of Tawhid, Khalifa (vicegerent), Fitra, Mizan (balance), and Islamic jurisprudence. The findings contribute to the conceptualization of sustainability and identifying sustainable practices from Islamic views. The study further constructs an Islamic-based sustainability model for enhancing sustainable development growth and triumph. Islam is concerned about the significance of the human-environment link on environmental protection and conservation. The human-environment connection is essential for future sustainable growth.
A Triple-Bottom-Line Approach-Based Clustering Study for the Sustainable Development Goals of the European Countries
Authors: Kişi Esin , Tunca Mustafa Zihni
Published: May 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are universal actions that provide a common plan and agenda to maintain the balance of sustainability and development. This study is aimed to measure and analyze the sustainability performances of the European countries in the context of Sustainable Development Goals in three (social, economic, and environmental) dimensions. In this respect, it is aimed to cluster the countries within the scope of the European Economic Area according to their success in achieving each sustainable development goal with its social, environmental, and economic dimensions. This study highlights the similar European country groups based on social, economic, and environmental dimensions in terms of sustainable development. The study also enables us to identify the development topics where the clusters obtained as a result of the analysis are weak and strong. The findings of this chapter create a point of view to determine development politics for countries.
Impacts of Pollutants in Different Sectors of the Economy on Healthcare Expenditures
Authors: Norouzi Nima , Rabipour Sajedeh
Published: May 2022

This study aims to assess the effects of environmental pollutants (air pollutants) in various sectors on healthcare expenditures in Iran. The data are analyzed using the panel data method using SPSS 26 software for 2000-2020 Dickey-Fullerm and Fisher's unit root tests indicate co-existence between variables. The results of the Hausman test show a fixed-effects model for long-term estimation. The effectiveness of emissions of industrial pollutants (carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) in the studied industries is equal to 0.012. Also, the share of fossil fuels in greenhouse gas emissions in different sectors is equal to 0.056 and positive, and the logarithm of research and development costs is equal to -0.12, which by increasing the research and development budget can provide solutions to reduce pollution, as well as the transfer of new technologies and innovations, has significantly reduced the destructive effects of industrial, commercial, etc. pollution.
All Experts on Deck
Authors: Gibb Ryan
Published: May 2022

The normalization of distance-learning and models of hybrid education has fundamentally changed access opportunities for students in small liberal arts universities. While invited speakers will always supplement the instructor of record, the inclusion of content experts in curricula can supplement instructors' lesson plans like never before. Indeed, the crisis that post-secondary education is currently facing because of the pandemic may in fact shift educators' focus to including more area experts and disciplinary experts to their classrooms. The results of this awakening to teleconferencing as a normal part of a curriculum especially serves geographically remote small liberal arts universities, but it also serves to connect a world divided by a pandemic and increasingly xenophobic travel policies.
Multilingual Education
Authors: Musyoka Millicent Malinda
Published: May 2022

The US government continues to ensure education access for all students. Like its predecessor, NCLB, ESSA takes an interest in the success of immigrant students. Under ESSA, federal funds from Title I support low-income children and Title III for English learners and immigrant students. But there is a unique group of immigrant students, the immigrant multilingual deaf learner (IMDL). Despite the provision of law, the intersections of disabilities, being deaf, immigrant, and multilingualism pose more unique challenges that continue to create a dilemma for both classroom teachers, teacher educators, and administrators. This chapter focuses on multilingualism, multilingual education, and the IMDL.
International Students in Higher Education Classrooms
Authors: Ho Hau Trung , Tran Minh Ngoc , Doyle Stephanie , Kukatlapalli Johnson , Vu Ha Thuong
Published: May 2022

This chapter draws on the literature and on the authors' own research to present insights into the experiences and perspectives of international students transitioning into Anglophone higher education classrooms. The projects focused on Vietnamese, Indian, and African students' experiences in New Zealand. Using various research approaches—mixed methods, interpretative phenomenology, and narrative—these studies captured multiple aspects of student experiences. These students came from diverse cultural backgrounds and had a variety of motivations for studying abroad. They encountered multiple challenges related to unfamiliar academic conventions and different teaching and learning approaches. In the chapter, common challenges and features of the student experiences are organized under the themes of diversity (backgrounds, motivations, and linguistic), academic challenges (writing, reading, and plagiarism), relationships, agency, and support services. The chapter concludes with recommendations for institutions and faculty to accommodate student needs in ways that respect their diversity.
Multicultural and Educational Challenges in the Context of the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Korang-Okrah Rose , Tonui Betty C. , Anima-Korang Angela
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures in many countries, including Ghana and Kenya, and disrupted the normal process of education, affecting millions of students in both countries. This chapter focused on examining the impact and challenges of the school closures on educational stakeholders. Qualitative phenomenological design was employed, and participants were selected through purposive sampling and snowballing. Twelve participants, drawn from the stakeholders, participated in the guided interviews through face-to-face and phone. Results were presented in three main themes and showed the challenges confronting students, parents, and school authorities in the wake of the school closures. Recommendations from the researchers and the stakeholders are discussed.
English Language Teacher Education Through the Kaleidoscope of Global Citizenship
Authors: Nguyen Bich-Phuong Thi
Published: May 2022

The first two decades of the 21st century have witnessed the implementation of various high-stakes initiatives by Vietnamese and Japanese governments in the sphere of language teaching against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization. Emerging around 450 BC when Socrates avowed “the world” to be his homeland, the very notion of global citizenship has evolved, resurged, and pervaded universally. Albeit with some discrepancies in approaches and trajectories, both governments share an overtly common goal of laying firm foundations for university graduates to develop indispensable competencies for global citizens. This chapter aims to depict comparative contours of English language teacher education incorporated with the concept of ‘global citizenship' in Vietnam and Japan. Based on qualitative data garnered and analyzed using content analysis, the study concludes by proposing some feasible pedagogical and policy implications to improve the practice of preservice teacher training for key stakeholders in Vietnam and Japan.
Engaging At-Risk Students in Challenging Circumstances in South Africa
Authors: Padayachee Amy Sarah , Khanare Fumane Portia , Gcelu Ntombizandile
Published: May 2022

South Africa, nearly three decades since the dispensation of democracy, boasts of its cultural diversity and the transformation of its educational system. Democratic education at the forefront of these endeavors have resulted in educational institutions adopting various responses to diverse student populations. However, in light of a global pandemic such as that of COVID-19, the cracks in the education system have been revealed, leaving policy makers and departments of education to find alternatives and emergency teaching approaches. The focus of this chapter is on how partnerships, embedded in multicultural education, can foster ways to engage at-risk students and elevate students to participate in their education in anticipation of escalating that participation in the context of global education. These partnerships both advance, and are anchored in local and non-local assets and collaboration with others – all of which constitute the context for multicultural education conditions.
Socialização histórico-política de jovens brasileiros: existe relação entre concepções de História e posicionamento político?
Authors: Cerri Luis Fernando , Cervi Emerson Urizzi
Published: May 2022

Neste texto, propomos uma metodologia para levantamento e análise das posições políticas de jovens estudantes do ensino médio, adaptada do projeto “politicalcompass.org”. A questão que nos mobiliza é: diferentes perfis sociais e políticos estão associados a visões distintas do ensino de História? Estudamos os resultados a partir de variáveis sociais e políticas, bem como variáveis referentes à relação com o conhecimento histórico. Os resultados mostram que alunos com tendência democrata tendem a dar valor positivo para a História, enquanto o perfil autoritário associa o ensino de História a uma matéria como qualquer outra, que não acrescenta nada à sua vida.
Ernesto de Melo e Castro e o salto do cavalo no jogo de xadrez do Estado Novo: o experimentalismo visual e performático contra a censura.
Authors: Madeira Cláudia
Published: May 2022

A questão da censura foi central na obra de Ernesto de Melo e Castro (1932-2020). Esta importância constituiu-se a partir da própria vocação experimental deste artista que levou a que os processos de controlo pela PIDE à sua produção artística, especialmente teatral, tenham constituído um móbil despoletador de procura de alternativas artísticas. Tal leva-o a desviar-se para campos artísticos menos expostos à vigilância política, como a poesia visual e experimental, o happening e ou performance, processo que se pode inscrever no conceito metafórico de scarto (GINZBURG, 1989), ou movimento do cavalo no jogo do xadrez do Estado Novo.