bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Nurses Reporting Workplace Violence in the Emergency Department
Authors: Pierce Christine
Published: February 2018

Violence in healthcare is a global problem and nurses are subjected to workplace violence (WPV) more than any healthcare professional. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) reports that nurses are three more likely to experience workplace violence than any other group. The Emergency department (ED) is one of the most frequent locations where this occurs. There is evidence that this problem is severely underestimated due to the under-reporting of WPV events and as such negative consequences ofWPV impact patient outcomes. Additional evidence suggests that the percentage of individuals reporting such events is low. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences ofWPV, whether events ofWPV were being reported and if not what were the barriers that contributed to the events not being reported. This mixed method study utilized a 19 item checklist ofWPV behaviors which was adapted from a 2007 Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) study (ENA Workplace Violence Toolkit, 201 0). A total of 54 nurses from a local ED were surveyed. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to guide this project. Results of the study suggested that while a majority of nurses experienced WPV, there was a dramatic culture of under-reporting. A majority of participants indicated reporting would not result in changes and therefore not worth reporting. This study suggests evidence ofWPV as a flourishing problem and that documenting the extent ofWPV events continues to be problematic due to underreporting. Future research needs to further explore barriers to reporting WPV and develop policies and protocols to increase reporting of WPV and ultimately mitigate WPV.
Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Prescribing: How Well Are the Guidelines Adhered To?
Authors: Seippel Veronica
Published: February 2018

Approximately two million people in the United States (US) are infected annually by organisms that have developed resistance to one or more of the antimicrobials designed to eradicate them. The highest-ranking category of illness for which antibiotics are most commonly overprescribed is respiratory infections (CDC, 2014a). The purpose of this project was to explore current antimicrobial prescribing trends for respiratory infections at an urgent care facility. The ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation (Stevens, 2004) was utilized to serve as a guide in conducting this research study. Utilizing the detailed guidelines and treatment criteria for respiratory infections developed by the American College of Chest Physicians, a determination regarding the appropriateness of treatment was made. In this study, the rate of overprescribing at the study site was found to be approximately 22.66% as compared to the national average of 50% (CDC, 2013). Calculating the current prescribing trends and overprescribing rates is the first step in acknowledging the issue within this particular setting. Much more progress needs to be made to address methods and strategies for resolution including the adaptation of a modified antimicrobial stewardship applicable to ambulatory/urgent care settings Regardless of how the resolution to this worldwide problem will come about, it will not happen without multi-disciplinary cooperation. Advanced practice nurses are in a unique position to be able to act as leaders and educators regarding this issue.
Reversing the Stop Signs to Proactive Nursing Care in DNR Patients
Authors: Volpe Natalie
Published: February 2018

Research has supported that patients with a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) code status receive less aggressive treatment and have higher mortality rates compared to those without DNR orders, after adjusting for confounding factors (Cohn, Fritz, Frankau, Laroche, & Fuld, 2012). Health care providers erroneously understand DNR status to imply that a patient is dying and should not undergo other life-saving interventions (Hewitt & Marco, 2004). Surveyed critical care nurses revealed that they believed that interventions such as complete history and physicals, checking vital signs, monitoring neuro status, and ICU admission should not be performed as regular interventions on patients with a DNR status (Sherman & Branum, 1995). The purpose of this paper was to explore the factors that contribute to less aggressive nursing care in DNR patients that are not actively dying from a terminal illness. This study employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of five critical care registered nurses. Three common themes were revealed: the definition of DNR code status; interpersonal relationships between nurse/patient; and personal views and feelings directing nursing care. Recommendations and implications for practice are discussed.
Exploring Nurses' Attitudes About the Value of a Hospital Based Medical Futility Policy
Authors: Bowser Christie
Published: February 2018

Nurses are responsible for providing care for patients and following through with a physician’s orders, however, it is not always easy to do. Certain cases are more difficult than others, especially those involving end-of-life care versus continuing with life-sustaining measures. It is not an easy decision for families or patients to make, but sometimes these life-sustaining interventions can do more harm than good, causing much distress among caregivers (Burns & Truog, 2007). Some cases have become hallmark cases like that of Terri Schiavo, a woman who was in a persistent vegetative state from 1990 to 2005 while her parents and husband fought between keeping her alive or letting her go peacefully (Quill, 2005). Another difficult case in 2007 involved a toddler, Emilio Gonzales, whose mother fought for more time with her child rather than removing the ventilator (Cohen, 2007).

Defining futility and its role in healthcare has been an ongoing issue since the 1980s. For the purpose of this research paper, futility is defined as “treatment or clinical interventions that are not likely to result in benefit to the patient or produce the expected outcome” (Terra & Powell, 2012, p. 103). Nurses can suffer from moral distress when they are obligated to provide life-sustaining interventions to patients that have a small chance of benefiting from them. Nurses may experience less frustration and moral distress if hospitals implement a futility policy that provides guidance in these difficult cases. The purpose of this study is to explore nurses' attitudes regarding a hospital-based medical futility policy.
Does Prophylactic Antibiotic Administration Time Effect Surgical Site Infection Rates in Colorectal Surgery?
Authors: Desjardins Ashley
Published: February 2018

Colorectal surgery is known for having a high risk of surgical site infection (SSI). Prior research has suggested that administering prophylactic antibiotics prior to colorectal surgery may prevent SSI. This led to the question: In adult surgical patients having colorectal surgeries, does prophylactic antibiotic administration time effect surgical site infection rates within 30 days of surgery? A comprehensive literature review was completed followed by a detailed screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final total of nine studies. Detailed data were collected for each study, followed by completion of critical appraisal checklists appropriate to the study design. Quality of the evidence was assessed across studies. Six of the studies were cohort studies, with only two randomized controlled trials and one systematic review. Results indicated that there is insufficient evidence to support a definite course of action for timing of antibiotic prophylaxis for colorectal surgery. The certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) should be aware of the recommendations to administer antibiotics for colorectal surgery before the surgical incision based on the results of this systematic review as timing of administration can affect SSI rates. It is recommended to carefully consider antibiotic selection and timing when administering antibiotics for colorectal surgery.
Decision-Making of CRNAs Related to Use of Laryngeal Mask Airways
Authors: Guerrero Salvador
Published: February 2018

Improper airway management is a major concern in anesthesia care. Today the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has a well-established role in anesthesia practice. It is widely used, but there are certain situations where anesthesia providers are hesitant to use the LMA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the decision-making process of CRNAs regarding the use of an LMA versus an endotracheal tube. The design of this exploratory study was qualitative and 11 CRNAs participated in semi-structured interviews. Results showed that all participants received formal training with an LMA and were most likely to be using it when the case did not require the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (63%) and during short procedures of less than an hour (18%). The major concern associated with use of the LMA was aspiration. Sixty three percent (n=7) identified no barriers to the use of the LMA, two CRNAs (18%) identified the types of LMAs available, and one CRNA (9%) identified surgeon/anesthesiologist preference as barriers. As an APRN, the CRNA incorporates research and evidence-based practice to achieve optimal outcomes. To date, there is no specific practice guideline that solely pertains to the placement of an LMA versus an ETT. The CRNA must make clinical decisions utilizing the algorithms that do exist such as the ASA’s Difficult Airway Algorithm. Choosing an LMA or ETT requires a thorough evaluation of several factors and the decision to use an LMA is often based on personal experience and judgment of the CRNA. Further research is needed.
Measuring Nurse Satisfaction with the Chest Pain Protocol
Authors: St. Amand Ashley
Published: February 2018

Approximately 380,000 lives are claimed annually from coronary heart disease. Early identification and prompt action is crucial to preventing mortality. Nurses are the frontline defense to rapidly assessing and intervening to prevent further cardiac damage and alleviate chest pain symptoms. A local community hospital implemented a chest pain protocol for nurses to utilize on the Medical-Surgical units. The chest pain protocol outlines the use of specific medications, including Nitroglycerin sublingually and Morphine intravenously, as well as obtaining an EKG and notifying the provider. The purpose of this project was to measure satisfaction among registered nurses on medical-surgical units at a local community hospital, as it related to the chest pain protocol. A ten-question survey was developed by this author to determine the level of satisfaction among nurses using the newly implemented chest pain protocol. Fifty RNs were surveyed from eight different Medical-Surgical units throughout Kent Hospital. The surveys were deployed approximately 120 days’ post protocol initiation. The surveys were available for completion for one week. Results revealed nurses were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the chest pain protocol. Nurses responded favorably that regular feedback regarding the chest pain protocol would have been beneficial to its overall success. Implications for practice were presented and recommendations for future research were identified and included modifying this protocol to be nurse driven and providing further education for nurses at the bedside.
Increasing Staff Nurse Knowledge Related to Organ and Tissue Donation: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Shields-Pirri Carly
Published: February 2018

Initially viewed as doubtful and plagued with uncertainty, the process of organ/tissue transplantation has proved to be one of the most successful medical breakthroughs of modern medicine. From the initial documented success of organ/tissue donation and subsequent transplantation, the need for organ/tissue donation exceeds the available resources. Many individuals are aware of the need for organ/tissue donation for life-saving transplantation but do not take the necessary steps to become a donor or share that desire with family and/or loved ones. There are no national programs or efforts in place for standardized nursing education about organ/tissue donation and transplantation. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase nurses’ knowledge of the New England Organ Bank (NEOB) guidelines for organ and tissue donation. The project design was a pre-test, an educational program, and post-test. Twenty-two nurses completed the pre-test component (N=22, 63%) and fourteen nurses completed the post-test (N=14, 40%). Results indicated nurses had better overall better knowledge of organ donation then specifically tissue donation. Nursing staff demonstrated increased knowledge of NEOB guidelines and the nurse’s role in timely reporting after the educational program on organ donation with improved post-test over pre-test scores. Future replication of education related to NEOB guidelines for donation of organs and tissues and nurse responsibility for timely reporting should increase emphasis on the area of tissue donation. A need based assessment to determine specific areas of deficit may aid in promoting positive outcomes in future replication.
Nurse Anesthesia Program Directors: Applicant Selection, Attitudes, and Admission Criteria
Authors: Stewart Griffin
Published: February 2018

The field of nurse anesthesia is an evolving and demanding one, requiring challenging schooling and training. The application and selection process of nurse anesthesia students remains imperfect. The purpose of this study was to examine nurse anesthesia program directors’ attitudes about the perceived importance of admission criteria and attributes in relation to success in the program. A retrospective non-experimental/ descriptive survey, with mixed method qualitative and quantitative data, was used. A convenience sample of 17 program and assistant program directors completed the researcher developed survey. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Nurse anesthesia program directors’ attitudes about perceived importance of admission criteria and attributes in relation to success in the program showed high value placed on science GPA, emotional intelligence, personal interview, GPA, applicant essay, and critical care nursing experience. Science GPA and critical care experience showed the smallest standard deviation ranges and variance. The highest mean score was for science GPA, while the lowest mean scores were applicant age and GRE score. Free text responses highlighted attributes and admission criteria not evaluated in the survey including time/understanding of the program being applied to, time shadowing anesthesia providers, earned CCRN and critical care scenario test performance. The goal of improving the selection process should be to reduce attrition and increase first time national certification exam pass rates. Recommendations for research include expanded evaluation of nurse anesthesia students’ admission requirements and their predictive value in regard to success in nurse anesthesia programs.
Improving Nurse Knowledge and Attitudes of Early Mobilization of the Postoperative Patient
Authors: Chatterley Laurie
Published: February 2018

Mobilization plays an important role in the outcomes of postoperative patients. Early mobilization as an intervention is the most significant general nursing measure in the prevention of complications. Current research demonstrates a decrease in complication rates, reported pain and length of stay when early ambulation is initiated. Despite this evidence, early mobilization as a best practice standard is implemented inconsistently on the women’s health unit of a community hospital. The purpose of this project was to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes of early mobilization of postoperative patients. The quality improvement project utilized a pre-survey, educational intervention, post-survey design. Twenty-five nurses (52%) participated in the project. The educational intervention integrated knowledge obtained from the review of literature in the form of a 15 minute Power Point presentation. Pre/post-survey included knowledge-based questions and opinion-based questions. Overall, post-survey scores increased by 16.8% and knowledge were improved when compared to the pre-survey. Nurses’ opinion of the importance of mobilization improved from pre-survey to post-survey. Time and patient’s pain were noted as barriers to early mobilization. Minimal change in nurses’ opinion of these barriers was noted from pre-survey to post-survey. The nurses’ ability to communicate and document mobilization showed the largest improvement from pre-survey to post-survey. The educational in-services were successful in improving the nurses’ knowledge and attitude of early mobilization of the postoperative patient.
Does Early Mobility Lead to Decreased Ventilator Days?
Authors: Halton Nicole
Published: February 2018

It is well documented that bedrest has adverse outcomes for hospitalized patients. This is especially true for critically ill patients due to life support measures, invasive catheters, and mechanical ventilation. Consequences associated with bedrest in critical care patients include venous thromboembolism, ventilator associated pneumonia, pressure ulcer development, and muscle weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness is associated with prolonged ventilator support and delayed extubation. The Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium Monitoring and Management, and Early Mobility (ABCDE) bundle uses evidence based practice to prevent and treat ICU acquired delirium and weakness. The bundle aims to do this by standardizing care processes in collaboration with the ICU team to promote early mobility in ventilated patients. The purpose of this research study was to determine if the implementation of an early mobility protocol decreased the number of ventilator days for patients who receive mechanical ventilation. A retrospective chart review was conducted at a 16 bed ICU. Group A included 30 subjects (n=30) who were treated pre implementation of the ABCDE bundle and Group B included 39 (n=39) subjects who were treated post implementation of the ABCDE bundle. There were less average ventilator days found in Group A in comparison to Group B. Additionally, there was a significant difference found in the ICU length of stay pre implementation (M=9.4, SD=4.4) and post implementation (M=5.7, SD=2.6) of the ABCDE bundle for early mobility, t (65) =4.3, p = 0.00005. The APRN can use the evidence in the ABCDE bundle to guide care to critically ill patients that are mechanically ventilated. Utilizing the ABCDE bundle additionally allows the APRN to be instrumental in improving patient outcomes through interdisciplinary collaboration.
Evaluation of a Diabetes Management Program for Persons with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness
Authors: Mwangi Peris
Published: February 2018

Clinical Practice Recommendations and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Integrated Care were used to evaluate a diabetes management program for persons with serious and persistent mental illness in an integrated primary and behavioral health care center in New England. A simple random method was used to select a sample of 25 medical records of patients with diabetes and at least one mental illness. Data on seven diabetes content areas offered to patients and biophysical measures of weight, body mass index (BMI) and Hemoglobin A1C were collected via retrospective electronic chart reviews. Results showed the center focused on nutrition and exercise education, offered to 90% and 85% of patients respectively. Other education areas, including medications, self-monitoring of blood sugar, foot care, dental care and smoking cessation were offered to 5%-40% of the patients. An unexpected finding was noted, in that most participants (65%) gained weight despite focused nutrition and exercise education. The BMI was consequently elevated at a median level of 35, identified as obese. In spite of the weight and BMI increase, 65% of the patients had well controlled diabetes with an A1C below 7.The finding may be attributed to compliance and personalized diabetes medication regimen. Keeping all appointments did not improve biophysical measures: 67% of those who kept all appointments gained weight and increased A1C from base line. The unexpected results underscore the complexity and confounding nature of factors influencing diabetes in this population despite measures to improve health outcomes.
Interprofessional Simulation: Students' Perceptions
Authors: Welch Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

An alarming number of errors occur in the healthcare system. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) responded to the error rate by encouraging changes in professional education and recommending interdisciplinary team training. A variety of professions, including aviation and the military, have utilized simulation in their education and training for mastering skills and also to assist with respect and appreciation of other professional roles on the healthcare team. The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate nursing students, graduate social work students, and APRN students’ perceptions of one another as healthcare professionals using interdisciplinary simulation. The research study was a quantitative descriptive study using a pre-test, intervention, post-test design with a nonprobability, convenience sample. The participants were asked to complete the IEPS questionnaire, an eighteen-question survey with a 6-point Likert scale that measures the effect of interprofessional education experiences on students. The participants then took part in four interprofessional simulations scenarios with debriefing sessions following each scenario. The same IEPS was completed at the end of the day. 109 participants from the mentioned disciplines participated in the study. Statistically significant higher scores were found on the posttest questionnaires in 17 of the 18 questions. The study supports the use of interprofessional simulation in higher education and also provides a proven benefit related to perceptions of other disciplines.
Nurses Perceptions
Authors: McGinn Christine
Published: February 2018

Shift handoffs were included in The Joint Commission's 2009 National Patient Safety Goals, which requires that shift hand-offs must include up-to-date information about the care, treatment, current condition, and recent or anticipated changes with the patient. Bedside reporting addresses The Joint Commission's Goal 13, a safety strategy that encourages the patient's active involvement in care. The demand for quality care while caring for the sick population with multisystem complex diagnoses calls healthcare provides to look at ways to provide more efficient care while improving patient safety and outcomes.

Bedside reporting is one nursing intervention which can be implemented to improve communication, increase patient safety and improve the quality of care. While on the surface the benefits of bedside reporting seem clear, some who have tried to implement bedside shift reports have faced significant challenges. This quality project surveyed 32 nurses on a trauma unit to determine their perceptions of bedside reporting following implementation over 2 years ago. Nurses were provided with a ten question survey based on a Likert scale of 1-5. One additional qualitative question asked nurses ‘perceptions and thoughts about the bedside reporting process.

Results overall revealed that although many nurses were aware of the benefits of bedside reporting and its practical uses, most nurses still were hesitant with its daily practice. Despite strong evidence demonstrating the benefits of bedside reporting, many issues still remain regarding the sustainability after implementation.
Groundwater pollution risk in Africa (2016)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

Groundwater pollution risk is determined both by the intrinsic vulnerability
of the aquifer and the existence of potentially polluting activities at the soil
surface. This raster has a resolution of 15*15 km. It was generated by combining
a groundwater vulnerability model (based on the DRASTIC method) with land
use/land cover (from the GlobCoverdatat set) using an additive model.

Exposure
Groundwater
Pollution
Risk
Transboundary aquifer vulnerability to climate change (2014)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

Transboundary aquifer vulnerability to climate change is calculated as the
extent of expected groundwater budget regime change in response to change in
climate. A high vulnerability is indicative of transboundary aquifers actively
interacting with streams, atmosphere and/or sea (e.g. coastal aquifers, SIDS,
shallow watertable aquifers, karst aquifers).

Climate change
Groundwater
Transboundary
Vulnerability
Annual amount of renewable transboundary groundwater resources per capita
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

Calculated as the long-term mean transboundary groundwater recharge,
including man-made components, divided by the number of inhabitants of the area
occupied by the aquifer. Indicator is expressed in m3/yr/capita

Groundwater
Population
Recharge
Transboundary
SDG Indicator 6.a.1: Amount of water- and sanitation-related official
development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending system
plan (2014)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

Defined as the amount and percentage of ODA that is included in a government
coordinated spending plan, whether on treasury or on budget. ODA flows are
official financing with the main objective of promoting economic development and
welfare of developing countries; they are concessional in character with a grant
element of at least 25%. By convention, ODA flows comprise contributions from
donor government agencies, at all levels, to developing countries, either
bilaterally or through multilateral institutions. A government coordinated
spending plan is defined as a financing plan/budget for water and sanitation
projects, clearly assessing the available sources of nance and strategies for
nancing future needs.

Capacity-building
Cost
Drinking water
Governance
Sanitation
SDG Indicator 6.2.1: Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation
services including a hand-washing facility with soap and water (2015)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

Population using an improved sanitation facility at the household level that
is not shared with other households and where excreta is safely disposed of in
situ or treated off site, including a handwashing facility with soap and water
in the household. Improved sanitation facilities include flush or pour flush
toilets to sewerage systems, septic tanks or pit latrines, improved pit latrines
(pit latrines with a slab or ventilated pit latrines) and composting toilets. A
handwashing facility is a device to contain, transport or regulate the flow of
water to facilitate handwashing.

Hygiene
Sanitation
SDGs
Use/Reuse
WASH human resources capacity gaps for achieving MDG in the field of
management and finance/sanitation sector (2014)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: February 2018

This layer shows human resources capacity gaps for achieving MDG in the
field of management and finance.

For more information, visit:
www.iwa-network.org/downloads/1422745887-an-avoidable-crisis-wash-gaps.pdf

Capacity-building
Efficiency
Human esources
Sanitation
THE FEATURES OF INTERRUPTING, COLLABORATING, AND BACKCHANNELLING USED BY BROADCASTER AND CALLER IN TELEPHONE CONVERSATION
Authors: Widiyati Elok
Published: February 2018

Conversational analysis is a part of conversational structure that manages people's communication. It deals with pragmatics. Some of the conversational structures consist of features in interrupting, collaborating, and backchannelling (Celce-Murcia, 1995: 14). This research was intended to analyze how the three features were applied in the English conversation by broadcasters and callers in English Corner Program. This research was qualitative. The data consisted of eight conversations. The data were collected through the following steps: recording, transcribing, selecting, and reporting. Then, they were analyzed with conversational approach drawn on Celce Murcia (1995). It was revealed that the broadcasters and callers in the eight conversations used the features of interrupting, collaborating, and backchanneling. They did not fully perform common English expressions and gambits. However, they tended to perform the simpler and easier ones. This implied that the participants have not known the appropriate expressions. Based on the result of this research, it was concluded that the conversations in this study were less structured and patterned. It was suggested for the readers who learn about conversational structure, that they should pay attention not only to the linguistic components, but also the pragmatics in which the English conversation takes place, including participant, context, and topic of a conversation.
ERROR CORRECTION, FEEDBACK, AND ACTION RESEARCH IN AMERICAN LITERATURE CLASSROOM: WHY NOT?
Authors: Murwantono Didik
Published: February 2018

Error correction and feedback are two indispensable factors in shaping literature technique and theory. In this case, these techniques were applied to students who took American Multicultural Literature at College of Languages, UNISSULA Semarang. The students were asked to make any literary criticism toward several literary works from different cultural backgrounds. Both teacher and students have significant roles in those preferences. If teacher and students both understand the purpose of certain correction techniques and agree their use, feedback is more likely to be productive. This article also covers action research by using two cycles. It finds that students can improve their capabilities and skills in writing of an intellectual diary. It can be seen from the result of observation both test-1 and test-2 which had the progress in index from 0.45 to 0.52. Hence collaborative writing and reader-response criticism has given great contribution toward students’ motivation in learning American literature.
THE ORAL AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY OF AN INDONESIAN BILINGUAL CHILD IN THE OHIO STATE, USA
Authors: Permatasari Riana
Published: February 2018

This study was a qualitative case study conducted to investigate the oraland written language proficiency of an Indonesian bilingual child living inThe Ohio State, USA. There were three research questions guiding thisstudy as follows: (1) how the bilingual Indonesian child used thelanguages she spoke in oral and written forms?, (2) how was the child�soral proficiency for each language she spoke?, and (3) how was the child�swritten language proficiency for each language she spoke? The data in thisstudy were gathered through analytical observation sheets, semistructured interviews, audio and video recording and transcriptions, andreading aloud and writing scoring. Then, the data were analyzed usinginductive analysis such as doing field work to observe and recording thedata, developing topics and categorizing the data into categories, refiningand coding the data into more specific patterns to see the themes of thedata, and seeking for narrative structures and visual representations.Based on the results of the study, there were three points concluded. First,my focal student and her community chose different languages tocommunicate based on the listeners� cultural background, age, and gender.Second, the Indonesian parents living there had an awareness of theimportance of heritage language in spoken and written forms. Third, thestudent� oral and written language proficiency in English were higher thanin Indonesian and Javanese. In conclusion, the student needed more spacefor developing her abilities in Indonesian and Javanese.Keywords: bilingual, bilingualism, biliteracy, language proficiency
AN ANALYSIS OF IRF (INITIATION-RESPONSE-FEEDBACK) ON CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN EFL SPEAKING CLASS
Authors: Rustandi Andi
Published: February 2018

This study aims at analyzing the reflection of IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback) in speaking class and investigating the dominant sequence among I, R and F. IRF is a pattern of classroom interaction found by Sinclair and Coulthard in 1975 that stands for teacher initiation, students� response and feedback by teacher. Initiation is the movement in which teacher initiates an interaction to get the response of the students, then teacher gives feedback to the students� response. To obtain the data, the researcher conducted classroom observation in speaking class in one university in West Java. The result showed that student response becomes the dominant sequence of IRF in speaking class. Furthermore, it is recommended that the teachers should maintain the effectiveness of classroom interaction and give much opportunity to the students to take role in classroom verbal interaction through reflecting the IRF pattern in teaching learning process particularly in speaking classroom.Keywords: IRF, classroom interaction, speaking class
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tristiningtyas Vita , Mutaher Osmad
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) , Non Performing Financing (NPF) , Net Operating Margin (NOM) , Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) , BOPO and DPK against return on Assets ( ROA) as a proxy of the financial performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia from 2008 to 2012 . The population in this study was 11 Islamic Banks in Indonesia . The analysis technique used in this study is a multiple linear regression . While the classical assumption used in this study include autocorrelation test , normality test, multikolonieritas , and heteroscedasticity test .The results showed that the variable CAR and DPK positive and significant impact on ROA Islamic Banks . While BOPO variable is negative and significant effect on ROA Islamic Banks . NPF variables , NOM , and FDR negative effect on ROA , but not significantly . Predictive ability of the six variables on ROA of 86.0 % , while the rest is influenced by other factors not included in the research model . The results of this study are expected to provide guidelines for the management of Islamic Banks in managing the company.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL (STUDI KASUS BPR DI KABUPATEN DEMAK)
Authors: Sulani Sri , Rusdi Dedi
Published: February 2018

Bank BPR yang ada di Kabupaten demak pada saat ini menghadapi persaingan yang menuntut pihak manajemen memanfaatkan kemampuan yang ada secara maksimal, agar dapat memenangkan persaingan. Untuk dapat memenangkan persaingan salah satu caranya adalah meningkatkan kinerja manajerialnya. Dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan diperlukan sistem akuntansi manajemen yang baik. Fungsi yang mendasar dalam akuntansi manajemen adalah menyediakan informasi penting dalam pengambilan keputusan dan membantu manajer mengendalikan aktivitasnya, sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan mencapai tujuannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial pada BPR yang ada di Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey. Penelitian ini terdiri atas variabel karakteristik sistem akuntansi manajemen sebagai variabel bebas dan kinerja manajerial sebagai variabel terikat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh karakteristik sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial besarnya pengaruh karakteristik sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial Bank BPR di Kabupaten Demak yaitu sebesar 96,7% dan sisanya 3,3% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti.
MOTIF KECURANGAN, ADANYA KESEMPATAN DAN MANIPULASI LABA
Authors: Putri Shintya Dewi Adi
Published: February 2018

This research examines the relationship between fraud motives (leverage and dividends) and earnings manipulation; and the relationship between opportunities (quality audit and free cash flow) and earnings manipulation. This research used a sample of 24 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2013. The results of this research analysis is that there is a significant negative correlation between dividend payments and earningsmanipulation. This research also proved that free cash flow has a positive correlation with earnings manipulation.
MODEL ALOKASI DANA PERIMBANGAN DAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) UNTUK KEMASLAHATAN UMMAT
Authors: Fuad Khoirul
Published: February 2018

Keterbukaan pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang telah terlaksana sejak era otonomi daerah menjadi dasar untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang good governance and clean governance, dan secara tidak langsung menjadikan sebuah kebebasan dan keleluasaan bagi pemerintah daerah untuk mampu menggali dan memanfaatkan segala sumber daya yang mereka miliki, besarnya dana transfer yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat dalam bentuk dana perimbangan harus bisa digunakan untuk sebesar – besar kesejahteraan rakyat dimana wujud berhasilnya sebuah pemerintahan daerah adalah kemerataan program pemerintahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah se Jawa Tengah dengan ukuran PAD dan Dana Perimbangan, dasar dari penggunakan indicator tersebut dikarenakan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat akan mungkin dicapai ketika pengelolaan dana tersebut bisa dirasakan langsung dan merata dikalangan masyarakat. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keseluruhan penerimaan daerah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat siginifikan terhadap kemaslahatan ummat, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan besarnya nilai uji F 86,711 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti 86,711% indikator kemaslahatan ummat dipengaruhi oleh varibel PAD, DAU, DAK dan DBH. Dari hasil ini bisa juga disimpulkan bahwa pemerintah secara tidak langsung berandil besar dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (STUDI KASUS SKPD KABUPATEN PATI)
Authors: Ermawati Nanik
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menguji pengaruh partisipasi anggaran terhadap kinerja manajerialdengan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel pemoderasi pada organisasi sektor publik di Satuan Kerja PerangkatDaerah (SKPD) Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey kuesioner yang dibagikan kepadapejabat SKPD. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakanmetode Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1).partisipasi anggaran dan motivasi kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadapkinerja manajerial, 2). Motivasi kerja tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh parrtisipasi anggaran terhadap kinerjamanajerial, 3). Secara simultan partisipasi anggaran dan motivasi kerja secara bersama sama berpengaruhterhadap kinerja manajerial.Keywords : partisipasi anggaran, kinerja manajerial, motivasi kerja, SKPD
DETERMINAN KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PUBLIK DI INDONESIA (Pengujian Pecking Order Theory dan Trade Off Theory)
Authors: Darmayanti Ni Putu Ayu , Suryantini Ni Putu Santi
Published: February 2018

Policy regarding capital structure involves a tradeoff between risk rate of return which the increase in debt can causean increased risk of the company, but on the other hand also increased the level of return expected by shareholders.Less than optimal debt management can even lead to bankruptcy of the company. Previous studies conducted inthe Indonesian capital market find different results related to the effect of several variables that affect corporatefinancing decisions. The results of empirical research to prove the existence of the application of the pecking ordertheory (POT) and trade off theory (TOT) to firms in Indonesia. This study was conducted to examine again whethervariable dividend policy (proxied by the dividend payout ratio), profitability (proxied by return on assets), assetstructure (proxied by the composition of fixed assets), and the variability of the rate of profit (proxied by variablityof EBIT) significantly against the funding decision (diprosikan to debt ratio) at public companies in Indonesia 2012-2014. From the results of multiple linear regression analysis of the data 36 samples studied company, the conclusionthat the dividend policy and the structure of assets and a significant positive effect on financing decisions of publiccompanies in Indonesia 2012-2014. Profitability and variability of EBIT to the funding decisions in this study foundto be negative but not significant.Keywords : debt ratio, pecking order theory, trade off theory
MAZHAB ULAMA DALAM MEMAHAMI MAQASHID SYARI�AH
Authors: Hidayatullah Kholid
Published: February 2018

Syari�at Islam datang sebagai rahmat untuk manusia, menjaga kemaslahatan dalam semua hal dan keadaannya. Semua hukum yang ada, baik berupa perintah maupun larangan, yang terekam dalam teks teks syari�at bukanlah sesuatu yang hampa tak bermakna. Namun semua itu mempunyai maksud dan tujuan, dan Allah menyampaikan syari�atNya dengan tujuan dan maksud tersebut. Oleh para ulama�, maksud dan tujuan tersebut dinamakan Maqashid Syari�ah. Maqashid Syari�ah adalah salah satu disiplin ilmu yang tidak lahir secara instan. Melainkan berjalan dengan fase fasenya, dimulai dari fase perkembangan sampai pada fase pembukuan seperti masa sekarang ini dan aliran-aliaran dalam memahami Maqashid Syariah. Kajian ini untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang tipologi mazhab ulama dalam memandang konsep Maqhasid Syari�ah maqhasid� yang bisa di simpulkan terbagi kedalam tiga aliran : Pertama, �Madrasah Literalis-Tekstualis� yang tak memperhatikan makna atau tujuan di balik teks., Kedua, kebalikan dari madrasah pertama.Yakni yang cenderung terlalu kontekstual, mengesampingkan teks, mendewakan makna di balik teks, berpandangan bahwa agama adalah substansi, bukan bentuk lahirnya, tak segan meninggalkan teks-teks yang qath�iy, cenderung mengekor ke Barat. Ketiga, �Madrasah Moderat� yang disebut al-Qaradlawi sebagai �Madrasah Wasathiyyah�. Madrasah ini selain memelihara literal-teks juga mempertimbangkan tujuan-tujuan di balik teks dengan pertimbangan porsi keduanya hingga seimbang.
Masjid sebagai Agen Baznas: Analisa Potensi SDM Ta�mir Masjid di Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Arafat M. Husni , Tamrin M. Husni , Anwar Aan Zainul , Al Mufti Alex Yusron
Published: February 2018

Ajaran Islam yang mewajibkan umatnya untuk mengeluarkan zakat memberikan potensi yang sangat besar bahkan mampu menjadikan umat Islam sebagai umat yang sangat mulia dan sejahtera, namun kenyataannya peranan dan fungsi zakat belum mampu menghantarkan umat islam menjadi umat yang sejahtera. Potensi zakat nasional sebanyak 217 trilyun dan hingga saat ini belum mampu tercapai. Salah satu faktor karena keterbatasan lembaga penyalur zakat sehingga� penyaluran zakat belum begitu mudah diakses oleh para muzakki. Disatu sisi, keberadaan masjid yang tersebar diseluruh lingkungan masyarakat mampu menjawab atas belum tercapainya jumlah potensi penerimaan zakat dengan menjadikan masjid sebagai agen badan zakat nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan kesanggupan sebagai agen penerimaan zakat oleh ta�mir masjid di Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei, kuesioner dan interview mendalam(indepth interview). Hasil penelitian ini takmir masjid mayoritas bersedia menjadi agen Baznas dalam menerima zakat maal namun memerlukan pembekalan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan standarisasi pengelolaan zakat, baik secara manual maupun secara on-line real time. Selain itu, sosialisasi kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat terutama mereka yang sudah berkewajiban mengeluarkan zakat maal untuk disalurkan kepada organisasi pengelola zakat terdekat (masjid).
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK TEMULAWAK (Curcuma Xanthorrizae Roxb) DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CANDIDA ALBICANS PADA PLAT RESIN AKRILIK KURING PANAS - In Vitro
Authors: Nita Inanda , Amurwaningsih Musri , N.A. Darjono Uswatun
Published: February 2018

Background: Temulawak (curcuma xanthorrizae roxb) contains many substance such as xanthorrizol, curcumin, essential oil, flavonoid. Essential oil and flavonoid works by damaging the cell wall and protein denaturation can inhibits the growth of the fungi Candida albicans attached to the surface of the heat cured acrylic resin plate. The purpose of this study is to determine the extract Temulawak effect on the growth of Candida albicans at heat cured acrylic resin plate. Method : The Eksperiment is true experimental laboratories with post test only controlled group design. 10x10x2 mm Acrylic resin plate was soaked into Candida albicans suspension for 48 hours at 37o then soaked in curcuma xanthorrizae roxb extract 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, control group positive (chlorhexidine 0,2%), control negatif (water) for 8 hours at 37o. Result: The result of the experiment showed that control group (-)has the highest value (839,20 x 101 CFU/ml), while the least was 90% ekstract of curcuma xanthorrizae roxb group (23,40 x 101 CFU/ml). After normality and homogenity test was done, One Way Anova test was executed (p = 0,000. means p < 0,05). Conclussion: extract Temulawak can inhibit Candida albicans growth on heat cured acrylic resin.
EFEKTIVITAS MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN METODE BASS DAN HORIZONTAL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN INDEKS PLAK PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA
Authors: Rizkika Nabila , Baehaqi Moh. , Putranto R. Rama
Published: February 2018

Background: The important aspect for child especially children with mental retardation is oral health. Children with mental retardation have limitations in motoric activities that relate to the actions of dental hygiene in normally, that activities is toothbrushing and it can do by bass and horizontal method. The aim of this study is to know the difference effectiveness toothbrushing with bass and horizontal method on the changed of plaque index in children with mental retardation. Method: The quasi experimental methods with non-equivalent group design with post test design was used in this research and have done on 24 children with mild mental retardation at SDLB Purwosari Kudus which divided two groups, 12 students brushing with bass method and 12 students brushing with horizontal method. Result: The data were tested with paired t-test to compare plaque index before and after toothbrushing with bass and horizontal method, showed that there were meaningful differences (p<0,05). Independent t-test to compare the changed of plaque index between both methods, showed that there were no meaningful differences (p>0,05). Conclusion: It concluded that both bass and horizontal method effectively on the changed of plaque index in children with mental retardation. There was no difference effectiveness between both methods.
PENATALAKSANAAN GIGI PREMOLAR KEDUA MAKSILA DENGAN SALURAN AKAR VERTUCCI TIPE V - laporan Kasus
Authors: Nurhapsari Arlina
Published: February 2018

Background: The aim of the case report is to demonstrate the importance of knowing the root canals configuration in the maxillary second premolars. Maxillary second premolars usually have one root canal, however in several cases there is more than one root canal with a variety of configurations. Method: multiple visit root canal treatment with a crown down technique on the maxillary second premolar with unusual root canals configuration which is confirmed using radiograph. Result: Based on radiograph, it was identified Vertucci type V root canal on the maxillary second premolars. After biomechanical preparation, obturation was conducted. When patient controlled, there were not problem and inflammation. Conclusion : This report described and discussed about the possibility of root canals variation on the maxillary second premolars. Careful examination using radiograph and deep knowledge, it is identified by the clinician in treating root canal treatment on that premolars.