bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sens commun et philosophie québécoise : quelques réflexions méthodologiques1
Authors: Panaccio Claude
Published: March 2023

Cet article applique à une étude en histoire de la pensée au Québec certains principes que j’ai proposés ailleurs pour l’histoire de la philosophie en général. L’exemple choisi est un texte de Louise Marcil-Lacoste paru en 1976 à propos de l’appel au sens commun dans certains écrits du xixe siècle. Je recours pour l’examen de ce cas particulier à deux thèses générales : l’historien, d’abord, doit pouvoir se référer à certains êtres réels dont parlaient aussi les auteurs du passé ; et les phénomènes qui font problème pour la philosophie, d’autre part, sont souvent d’ordre logico-linguistique. Clarifier le sens de ces principes permet de faire voir à quelles conditions les doctrines apparemment obsolètes dont s’occupent bien souvent les historiens de la philosophie au Québec peuvent encore présenter un intérêt philosophique, et comment cet intérêt peut être mis en évidence.
Le retour « rationaliste » de la sociologie des croyances collectives. Mise en perspective et discussion critique de la posture rationaliste de Gérald Bronner
Authors: Walzer Nicolas
Published: March 2023

La sociologie des croyances collectives est une sous-discipline peu discutée en France. Gérald Bronner, dont c’est la spécialité, s’inscrit dans la lignée Max Weber-Raymond Boudon et entend y ajouter l’apport des sciences cognitives pour produire une sociologie cognitive qui se veut rationaliste. Or, certains la perçoivent avant tout comme une forme de militantisme scientifique ou de néo-scientisme. En cela, nous verrons qu’elle est en décalage avec les différentes postures méthodologiques des sociologues des religions ou d’autres chercheurs. Elle pose aussi la question épineuse des rapports entre sciences sociales et sciences cognitives. Le présent article comporte de nombreuses citations d’entretiens avec Bronner sur ces sujets.
Le protestantisme évangélique en mouvement : regard sur les théologies de la prospérité en contexte postcolonial. Exemples des fidèles noirs des classes moyennes et supérieures
Authors: Millet-Mouity Pamela
Published: March 2023

La théologie de la prospérité comme paradigme a fait l’objet de nombreuses analyses. Le plus souvent, cette abondance passe par la mobilisation des notions d’absence, de manque, d’insuffisance, d’attente, de passivité, de blocage, de misérabilisme, de fainéantise, en particulier dans les études qui se sont intéressées aux Églises d’Afrique ou d’Amérique latine. Pourtant, sur le terrain, derrière cette notion, nulles évidences, nulle homogénéité, mais une constellation de sens et de pratiques infiniment diverses, où s’entremêlent résurgence et création. Toutefois, en dépit de l’hétérogénéité de représentations de ce qu’elle désigne et des réalités qu’elle implique, sa déclinaison au pluriel n’a pas fait florès en sciences sociales. Et c’est bien ce contraste entre spécificité du regard ethnographique et permanence d’une notion ethnographiquement désinformée qui pousse à la repenser. Cet article propose donc de revisiter cette notion, à la lumière des profondes recompositions que connaît le paysage protestant franco-belge et celui des circulations postcoloniales ces dernières décennies afin de mieux appréhender les différents jeux d’appropriation et de (ré)interprétation à l’oeuvre au sein de cette mouvance religieuse.
Enterobacterales plasmid sharing amongst human bloodstream infections, livestock, wastewater, and waterway niches in Oxfordshire, UK
Authors: Matlock William , Lipworth Samuel , Chau Kevin K , AbuOun Manal , Barker Leanne , Kavanagh James , Andersson Monique , Oakley Sarah , Morgan Marcus , Crook Derrick W , Read Daniel S , Anjum Muna , Shaw Liam P , Stoesser Nicole ,   REHAB Consortium
Published: March 2023

Plasmids enable the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in common Enterobacterales pathogens, representing a major public health challenge. However, the extent of plasmid sharing and evolution between Enterobacterales causing human infections and other niches remains unclear, including the emergence of resistance plasmids. Dense, unselected sampling is essential to developing our understanding of plasmid epidemiology and designing appropriate interventions to limit the emergence and dissemination of plasmid-associated AMR. We established a geographically and temporally restricted collection of human bloodstream infection (BSI)-associated, livestock-associated (cattle, pig, poultry, and sheep faeces, farm soils) and wastewater treatment work (WwTW)-associated (influent, effluent, waterways upstream/downstream of effluent outlets) Enterobacterales. Isolates were collected between 2008 and 2020 from sites <60 km apart in Oxfordshire, UK. Pangenome analysis of plasmid clusters revealed shared ‘backbones’, with phylogenies suggesting an intertwined ecology where well-conserved plasmid backbones carry diverse accessory functions, including AMR genes. Many plasmid ‘backbones’ were seen across species and niches, raising the possibility that plasmid movement between these followed by rapid accessory gene change could be relatively common. Overall, the signature of identical plasmid sharing is likely to be a highly transient one, implying that plasmid movement might be occurring at greater rates than previously estimated, raising a challenge for future genomic One Health studies.
Research on the Construction Strategy of Practical Teaching System of Korean Education Major in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Wang Bo
Published: March 2023

Korean education is becoming increasingly popular around the world, and the demand for graduates with knowledge and skills in this field is on the rise. As such, colleges and universities need to ensure that their Korean education majors are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in their future careers. One way to achieve this is through the construction of a practical teaching system that emphasizes hands-on learning and real-world experience. This paper explores the current state of practical teaching in Korean education majors in colleges and universities and proposes a construction strategy for a practical teaching system that can better prepare graduates for their careers. This includes the integration of technology, partnerships with industry stakeholders, and the incorporation of more practical and experiential learning methods.
iOS and Android Platform Development of Korean Professional Application-Oriented Talent Training Platform Based on Multi-Dimensional Information Transmission Algorithm
Authors: Wang Bo
Published: March 2023

iOS and Android platform development of Korean professional application-oriented talent training platform based on multi-dimensional information transmission algorithm. Firstly, we consider the data security of the system. When the application executes the sensitive operation, the policy executor will request the security policy from the security decision center. If the security policy contains restriction rules for the sensitive operation, the security decision center instructs the policy executor to carry out corresponding permission control and security operation. It is necessary to first perform static analysis on the Android application specified by the user to obtain all sensitive API calls and dangerous permission requests involved in the application; then convert the obtained information into policy points, and decide whether to agree or not by operating the policy points. Dangerous requests from applications and more fine-grained API calls. With these technologies, the professional application-oriented talent training platform is implemented. Through the verification, the efficiency of the platform is tested.
Research on Efficient Work Innovation Effect Evaluation Based on Real-Time Online Public Opinion Data Classification and Detection Algorithm
Authors: WANG Yu-liang
Published: March 2023

Various heterogeneous network resources are collected through web crawlers, and after preprocessing such as data cleaning, they are written into the data center. And implement data mining technologies such as classification, clustering, association rules and anomaly detection. If an enterprise wants to maintain a good development ability and maintain a correct development trend, it must pay attention to and do a good job in ideological and political work, and take ideological and political work as the guiding light of its own operation and development. Improved the stability and accuracy of clustering results. The news topics are clustered to form topics, and the topic tracking technology is used to track specific news topics to achieve personalized services.
Análisis de la función auditora de la Contraloría General de la República y su aplicación al control del correcto uso del trato directo en compras públicas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Derecho, Avayú Carrasco Gonzalo
Published: March 2023

En el presente trabajo, se analiza si la Función Auditora de la Contraloría General de la República incide en el control del correcto uso de la modalidad de Trato Directo en Compras Públicas, empezando por el desarrollo de dicha atribución, a través del estudio, en orden cronológico, de las distintas normas que la fueron consagrando Posteriormente, se ahondará en su producto principal, cuál es el Informe de Auditoría, revisando los contenidos que lo integran. Luego, se aborda la forma en que la jurisprudencia contralora, ha señalado criterios en relación a la Función Auditora, estableciendo en ésta, particularidades que la diferencian de otras atribuciones del órgano contralor. Por último, se profundiza en la aplicación de dicha herramienta al control del Trato Directo, realizando una investigación sobre una muestra de entidades auditadas por esa materia en particular, a fin de analizar los principales resultados obtenidos, considerando los informes de auditoría realizados a lo largo de la última década, a cada una de esas instituciones.
Caracterización dosimétrica del irradiador preclínico X-RAD 320 e implementación en una herramienta de cálculo de dósis
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física, Emiliani de la Torre Luis Eduardo
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de esta tesis fue la caracterización dosimétrica del irradiador preclínico X-RAD 320 mediante simulaciones Monte Carlo (MC). Adicionalmente, se implementó una herramienta de cálculo de dosis basada en los resultados de las simulaciones. El método utilizado en esta tesis se basa en simulaciones MC con el código EGSnrc y la librería DOSXYZnrc, las simulaciones se llevan a cabo con una fuente puntual de radiación isotrópica a la cual se le asocia un espectro de energía, que en nuestro caso fue generado con SpekCalc con las características del irradiador preclínico X-RAD 320 (ángulo del tubo de rayos x de 30° y filtración inherente de 3 mm de Berilio). Dichas simulaciones se llevaron a cabo con las mismas condiciones de medición establecidas por Azimi (con una calidad de haz de 225 kVp, filtración de 0,35 mm Cu y un SSD = 50 cm). Se compararon las medidas de dosis relativa en profundidad, perfiles de dosis relativa y output factors realizadas por Azimi y las simulaciones MC calculadas en este trabajo para validar el método implementado. Luego se realizó la caracterización dosimétrica el irradiador preclínico para diferentes calidades de haz. Y por último se evaluaron las diferencias en la dosis para condiciones heterogéneas (corresponde a un fantoma de agua con una heterogeneidad de hueso o pulmón) y condiciones reales (corresponde a simulaciones en un fantoma de ratón heterogéneo y homogéneo para dos condiciones de irradiación) en comparación con la dosis en agua. Las congruencias de los resultados obtenidos para la dosis en profundidad, perfiles de dosis relativa y output factors para las simulaciones MC realizadas en este trabajo en comparación con las medidas realizadas por Azimi se pudo validar satisfactoriamente el método implementado. Se logró diseñar una herramienta de cálculo para la dosis (DOSAB) para campos cuadrados que utiliza las matrices de dosis de las simulaciones MC con ella se puede estimar la dosis para tamaños de campo entre 0,5 x 0,5 hasta 15 x 15 cm2 , para las calidades de haz simuladas. Según los resultados obtenidos en las condiciones heterogéneas y las condiciones reales se puede concluir que, si se utiliza DOSAB para estimar la dosis después del hueso, se tendrá una sobreestimación de la dosis, mientras que si se quiere estimar la dosis después del pulmón se tendrá una subestimación de la dosis, estos efectos dependen de la calidad del haz, tamaño y tipo de la heterogeneidad y del tamaño de campo.
Traducción aficionada de referentes culturales : análisis comparativo de culturemas presentes en series de televisión coreanas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Letras, Jiménez Henales Camila Algari
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación se centra en la traducción aficionada coreano-español de referentes culturales presentes en distintas series de televisión coreanas difundidas por las plataformas Doramasmp4 y Rakuten Viki. A través de un análisis comparativo entre el texto fuente y la traducción en español en formato de subtitulación de ambas plataformas, se busca identificar y describir las soluciones empleadas por los traductores aficionados para traducir los culturemas hyeong, nuna, oppa, eonni, ajeossi, ajumma y seonbae. Una vez finalizado el análisis, se pudo observar que cada plataforma presenta una tendencia a utilizar diferentes técnicas de traducción. Por un lado, se identificaron las técnicas de adaptación cultural, equivalente acuñado, explicitación y omisión, que tienden a acercar los culturemas a la cultura meta. Por otro lado, se observó la técnica de préstamo, que los acerca a la cultura fuente. No obstante, a pesar de que dichas técnicas de traducción fueron utilizadas de forma sistemática en los textos meta, también se observaron algunas excepciones que contrastaron la estrategia de traducción predominante. Como conclusión, se llevó a cabo una propuesta de subtitulación que mantenga intacta la carga cultural de los referentes culturales en la traducción.
Variación de /n/ en coda en el español de jóvenes adultos de Santiago de Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Letras, Perdomo Pinto Lorena Valentina
Published: March 2023

En el español, el fonema /n/ en coda silábica presenta una amplia gama de variantes que fluctúan en proporción dependiendo del dialecto. En general, la bibliografía sobre la variación de /n/ en coda en el español es bastante amplia (Hualde 2014a; Lipski 2011; Samper 1990, 2011), sin embargo, llama la atención que sobre el español de Chile y de Santiago existe poca literatura que represente este tema. Con excepción a los trabajos sobre el español de Valdivia, en los que se identifican casos de nasal alveolar sonora [n], asimilación del punto de articulación de la consonante siguiente, afonización y elisión (véase Cepeda 1991; Poblete 1995a; Wagner 1967); sobre lo que ocurre con -/n/ en el español de Chile y, en particular el de Santiago, la ciudad más habitada de Chile, tan solo se tienen menciones en textos sobre el español de Chile en general, como el de Lenz (1940), Oroz (1966) y más recientemente Sadowsky y Salamanca (2011). Esta falta de estudios sobre la alofonía de -/n/ en el español santiaguino motivó el desarrollo de la presente investigación, cuyo objetivo principal fue determinar cuál es la variación de -/n/ entre los jóvenes adultos (16 a 24 años) hablantes del español de Santiago de Chile, y establecer los factores lingüísticos y sociales que pudieran condicionarla. Se analizó un total de 6000 casos de -/n/, en los que se identificaron 12 variantes diferentes para el fonema: nasal alveolar sonora, nasal bilabial sonora, nasal velar sonora, asimilación del punto de articulación de la consonante siguiente, elisión, lambdacismo, rotacismo, geminación, silabificación, desoclusivización, afonización y aspiración de -/n/. La desoclusivización, la aspiración de -/n/ y las variantes geminadas y simples [m n ŋ] que ocurren en secuencia -/n/ + /b d̪ ɡ/, parecen ser variaciones propias de la comunidad. El efecto de las variables lingüísticas como contexto previo y posterior, posición del acento, frecuencia léxica, tipo de morfema, categoría gramatical, función de marca de plural, es en buena medida similar a lo observado en la variación de -/n/ en otros dialectos del español en los que se producen dichas variantes; sin embargo, el comportamiento de las variables extralingüísticas se muestra íntimamente ligado a las características de la comunidad santiaguina y los cambios socioculturales que ha vivido desde su constitución. Resalta, de igual manera, la posible incidencia del mapudungun en la variación particular del fonema ante /b d̪ ɡ/.
POMIARY OGROMNEJ MAGNETOSTRYKCJI ZWIĄZKÓW MIĘDZYMETALICZNYCH CIĘŻKA ZIEMIA RZADKA – ŻELAZO
Authors: PSZCZOŁA Jarosław , CETNAR Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Opisano metodę pomiaru ogromnej magnetostrykcji związków międzymetalicznych typu ciężka ziemia rzadka – żelazo przy użyciu tensometrów jako mierników odkształcenia. Przedstawiono układ pomiarowy oraz przebieg pomiaru. Podano wyniki pomiarów ogromnej magnetostrykcji otrzymane dla związków typu ciężka ziemia rzadka – żelazo posiadających strukturę krystaliczną typu MgCu2.
Bioaccesibility of Trace Elements in Different Oyster Mushroom Varieties Grown in Kenya
Authors: Nambafu Rachel , Waudo Judith , Nganga Margaret , Lusi Peter , Nyambaka Hudson
Published: March 2023

Trace elements, especially chromium (Cr), vanadium (V) and selenium (Se) have potential beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes. Food products incorporating mushrooms are not only a good source of such nutrients but are thought to have readily bioavailable nutrients. Nutritional efficacy of food products may be ensured by accessing bioaccessibility of nutrients, which provides valuable information on matrix and appropriate dosage. The study determined bioaccessible  Cr, V and Se in four varieties of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), Pleurotus sajor-caju (PS), Pleurotus pulmonarius (PP) and Pleurotus citrinopileatus (PC) grown in Kenya. Bioaccessibility was estimated using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal procedure, while nutrient levels were determined using atomic absorption procedure. Bioaccessible levels of chromium ranged from 26.56% in PS to 78.50% in PC; selenium from 92.52% in PC to ND inPS and PP; and vanadium from92.46% in PC to 69.95% in PP. Vanadium was the most bio accessible than the other elements in the four oyster mushrooms, while chromium was the most bio accessible  in the PC variety.
Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation on Plant Growth and Yield of Mango cv. Langra
Authors: Kumari Suman , Kumar Ravindra , Singh Yanendra Kumar , Karuna Kumari , Kumar Saurav , Rai Ankur Kumar , Kumar Roopendra , Madhumala Kumari , Nandita Kumari , Kumar Raushan
Published: March 2023

Artificial application of water to the effective root zone of crops on the appropriate time gives significant results on plant growth and fruit yield in mango. In order to understand the effects of soil moisture content in mango, trial was conducted under the experimental area of BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2020-21 using five treatments i.e. T1-[Control], T2-[Water requirement at 25% of EP], T3-[Water requirement at 50% of EP], T4-[Water requirement at 75% of EP], T5-[Water requirement at 100% of EP] in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Treatment T4-[Water requirement at 75% of EP]significantly performed better in respect of increase in plant height of 0.24 m, number of 695.00 fruits per plant and yield of 193.23 kg per plant ( 19.32 t/ha). The maximum increase in plant spread such as East-West and North-South direction were 0.25m and 0.23m, respectively, and the maximum canopy volume of 1195.99 m3 was recorded in treatment T5-[Water requirement at 100% of EP].Treatment T3-[Water requirement at 50% of EP] significantly performed better in fruit size (fruit length and fruit breadth of 10.00 cm and 8.20 cm, respectively) and also showed maximum fruit volume of 239.75 (cc). On the basis of findings, it may be concluded that frequent and appropriate application of water at the effective root zone of plant plays an important role in growth and yield of mango.
Effect of Soil Application of Zinc and Foliar Application of Boron on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ram Gampa Sai , Dawson Joy
Published: March 2023

The experiment was conducted in CRF in Department of Agronomy during summer season of 2022 on Maize crop. The aim was to study the effect of soil application of zinc and foliar application of boron and growth and yield of maize. The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Zinc (5,10 and 15 kg/ha) and Boron (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) as foliar spray and a control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with Ten treatments each replicated thrice. Application of 15 kg Zinc with Boron 1.5% as foliar spray recorded highest Plant height (209.16 cm), No. of Leaves/plant (12.83), Plant dry weight (183.65 g/plant), No. of Cobs/plant (2.33), No. of Grains/Cob (523.93), No. of row/cob (14.74), No. of Grains/row (41.53), Test weight (27.5g), Grain yield (6.33 t/ha), Stover yield (14.30 t/ha) Harvest Index (30.7%).
Unintentional Weight Loss from Metformin Despite Good Glycaemic Control in a Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patient
Authors: Adegoke A. O. , Durodola A. O. , Adesina S. A. , Amole I. O. , Akinwumi A. I. , Awotunde O. T. , OlaOlorun A. D.
Published: March 2023

Aim: To present a case of unintentional weight loss from Metformin despite good glycaemic control in a newly diagnosed diabetic patient.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old previously diagnosed hypertensive and recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient with good glycaemic and blood pressure control presented with progressive weight loss in the last one year while on medication. Her normal state weight was 84.6kg, height 1.70m2 (BMI 29.27kg/m2) which dropped to 70kg (BMI 20.26Kg/mg2) at the point she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). She was counselled about dietary and lifestyle modification. She was then commenced on Metformin and she achieved a good blood glucose level control but her weight dropped further to 58kg despite adherence with diet and lifestyle. She was then changed to Sulphonylurea (Glipizide). She had a significant improvement in her weight which she had maintained with good glycaemic control.

Discussion: Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) are the most common initial pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes and they are associated with changes in weight. Sulphonylureas (SUs) are widely used in routine clini­cal practice, not only in combination with metformin, but also as first-line monotherapy. Patients often gain weight due to the side effects of current therapies, particularly SU, insulin and glitazone therapies.

Conclusion: It is important for clinicians to consider not only the antihyperglycemia effects of selected medications used in the treatment of diabetes, but also the effect they may have on the patient’s body weight.
Microbiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media amongst Children Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Inoh Mfon Ime , Inoh Elizabeth Enene , Mohammed Yahaya , Iseh Kufre Robert , Yikawe Semen Stephen , Aliyu Nasiru
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a global middle ear disease worst in developing nations of the world. The burden in our environment of repeated episodes of childhood CSOM, and the resultant difficulty in the management of these patients because of improper or inadequate treatment is quite worrisome.

Aim: The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the aspirated middle ear exudates of paediatric patients with CSOM for both facultative aerobic bacteria and fungi, with their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.

Materials and Methods: A total of 166 children clinically diagnosed with CSOM were enrolled in the study, of which 219 middle ear discharge samples were obtained using sterile disposable plastic Pasteur pipettes and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for the isolated microbes was conducted using the Kirby‑Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: The ratio of facultative aerobic bacteria to fungi was 2.1: 1, while the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative aerobic bacteria was 1: 1.7. The most common causative aerobic organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 41/202 (20.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30/202 (14.9%), Klebsiella pneumonia 23/202 (11.4%), and Proteus mirabilis 21/202 (10.4%).  Aspergillus species 47/202 (23.3%) and Candida albicans 21/202 (10.4%) were the commonest fungal isolates.  The antimicrobial profile of aerobic isolates revealed maximum sensitivity to gentamycin (91.1%), ceftriaxone (90.1%), and ciprofloxacin (85.6%); while the isolated fungi were completely sensitive to all the antifungals.

Conclusion: The main isolates were Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, though Gram-positive aerobes and fungi were also isolated. Their varying antimicrobial susceptibility brings to the fore, the therapeutic significance of these drugs in CSOM management.
Tyrosinase Inhibition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Daisy Extract (Bellis perennis)
Authors: Karić Enida , Horozić Emir , Pilipović Saša , Dautović Esmeralda , Ibišević Merima , Džambić Amra , Čeliković Semir , Halilčević Arnela
Published: March 2023

Extracts obtained from plant material have widely applied in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries because they contain significant concentrations of biologically active substances. Commercial daisy extract (Bellis perennis) was used in this paper for in vitro testing of tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme was determined by monitoring dopachrome formation at a wavelength of 492 nm. Antioxidant activity was tested using FRAP and DPPH methods, while antibacterial activity was tested by diffusion technique on reference strains from the ATCC collection. The results showed that daisy extract inhibits tyrosinase enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. The extract effectively neutralized DPPH radicals and also showed good reducing ability. Bacterial strains used for in vitro antimicrobial activity testing did not show sensitivity to the extract concentrations used in this study.
Anadilde Türkçe Öğretiminde Eşdizimsel Farkındalık ve Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Eşdizimsel Yeterlikleri
Authors: ÇİÇEK Seher , ASAR Ahmet
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki sözcük öğretimi etkinlikleri sırasında kurdukları cümlelerde bulunan eşdizim hatalarının betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan durum çalışması göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ortaokula devam eden 100 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya veri toplamak için Türkçe ders kitaplarında bulunan sözcük öğretimi etkinliklerine uygun olarak çalışma grubundaki öğrencilere öğretimi hedeflenen sözcüklerle ilgili dört hafta boyunca cümleler yazdırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazdığı bu cümleler eşdizim hataları yönünden incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; ortaokul öğrencilerinin öğretimi hedeflenen sözcüklerle ilgili anadillerine ait eşdizimsel söz varlıklarını yeterince kullanamadıkları; özellikle ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türkçeye yabancı dillerden geçmiş yabancı sözcükleri veya sık ve yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmayan Türkçe sözcükleri kullanırken yapısal ve eşdizimsel hatalar yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerin bazen de hedef sözcükle ilgili bir cümle yazamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca anadili ders kitaplarındaki sözcük öğretimi etkinliklerinde eşdizim farkındalığının bulunmadığı, seçilen hedef sözcüklerin eşdizimlerinden bağımsız olarak ele alındığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre öğrencilerin yeni karşılaşılan bir sözcükle ilgili eşdizim özelliklerini bilmenin zorluklarını aşmak için hedef sözcük metindeki eşdizimleriyle birlikte ele alınıp öğretime konu edilmeli, anadilde sözcük öğretiminde eşdizimsel bir yöntem benimsenmelidir.
Health Care in a Time of Deficit Concern
Authors: Cutler David M.
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses some guidelines for discussing deficit reduction and suggests 3 principles for keeping the rates of health insurance coverage high, using averages in an unaverage world, and distinguishing between cost shifting and cost cutting.
Treatment With Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Hyung Jaewon , Kim Ilhwan , Kim Kyu-pyo , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Jeong Jae Ho , Kang Myoung Joo , Cheon Jaekyung , Kang Byung Woog , Ryu Hyewon , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Kyung Won , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Yoo Changhoon
Published: March 2023

Importance

The NIFTY trial demonstrated the benefit of treatment with second-line liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (LV) for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Objective

To report the updated efficacy outcomes from the NIFTY trial with extended follow-up of 1.3 years with reperformed masked independent central review (MICR) with 3 newly invited radiologists.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The NIFTY trial was a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 2b clinical trial conducted between September 5, 2018, and December 31, 2021, at 5 tertiary referral centers in South Korea. Patients with advanced BTC whose disease progressed while receiving first-line gemcitabine plus cisplatin with at least 1 measurable lesion per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, were eligible. Data analysis was completed on May 9, 2022.

Interventions

Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive LV, 400 mg/m2, bolus and FU, 2400 mg/m2, for a 46-hour infusion intravenously every 2 weeks with or without nal-IRI, 70 mg/m2, before LV intravenously. Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) as assessed by MICR. Secondary end points were PFS as assessed by the investigator, overall survival, and objective response rate.

Results

A total of 178 patients (75 women [42.1%]; median [IQR] age, 64 [38-84] years) were randomly assigned, and 174 patients were included in the full analysis set (88 patients [50.6%] in the nal-IRI plus FU/LV group vs 86 patients [49.4%] in the FU/LV alone group). In this updated analysis, the median MICR-assessed PFS was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.8-5.3) for the nal-IRI plus FU/LV group and 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.4-2.6) for the FU/LV alone group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.86; P = .004), in contrast to the 7.1 and 1.4 months reported in the previous study, respectively. The discordance rate for tumor progression date between the MICR and investigators was 17.8% (vs 30% in the previous study).

Conclusions and Relevance

The NIFTY randomized clinical trial demonstrated significant improvement in PFS with treatment with nal-IRI plus FU/LV compared with FU/LV alone for patients with advanced BTC after progression to gemcitabine plus cisplatin. The combination of nal-IRI plus FU/LV could be considered as a second-line treatment option for patients with previously treated advanced BTC.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03524508
Polybutadiene Rubber
Authors: Mohanty Subhra , Gupta Virendra Kumar
Published: March 2023

Polybutadiene (PBR) occupies the second position among synthetic rubber after styrene‐butadiene rubber with a global production capacity of ∼2.8 million metric tons per year. It is produced by solution polymerization process using the Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system. PBR with varied microstructure feature is produced using different types of transition metal in combination with alkyl aluminum. The presence of different microstructures in the product impact properties and performances of the rubber. This article focuses on PBR polymerization processes with different types of catalyst systems and their effect on microstructure of products.
Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Mandal Sumit , Song Guowen , Zeng Hongbo , Agnew Robert J. , Chowdhury Ishmam Zahin , Boorady Lynn M.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of nanofibers' properties, functionality enhancement, and applications. In order to achieve this, the significant properties of nanofibers were first demonstrated. Based on this demonstration, it was concluded that nanofibers have potential use for a wide range of applications. Additionally, the functionality enhancements of nanofibers through their physical and chemical modifications were reviewed. This functionality enhancement process helps to effectively apply the nanofibers in the engineering and medical fields. The applications of nanofibers in different hi‐tech engineering and medical fields were described. This article identified various gaps and limitations associated with nanofibers' applications and suggested further research directions. Based on this article, it has been found that nanofibers could be produced with several properties and structures including shape, size, and strength. As a result, nanofibers could be applicable in high‐tech engineering and medical sectors such as tissue engineering, sensors, and enzyme carrier. As nanofiber is a porous media, the applicability of nanofibers could be widened in different fields like protective apparel, lightweight military products, and so on. This article can help polymer engineers to improve and extend the applicability of nanofibers in evolving engineering and medical fields. In turn, this article could help to advance the field of high‐tech engineering and medical field for better human life.
Bats increased foraging activity at experimental prey patches near hibernacula
Authors: Frick Winifred F. , Dzal Yvonne A. , Jonasson Kristin A. , Whitby Michael D. , Adams Amanda M. , Long Christen , Depue John E. , Newman Christian M. , Willis Craig K. R. , Cheng Tina L.
Published: March 2023

Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife can threaten vulnerable host populations. Actions targeting habitat improvements to aid population resilience and recovery may be beneficial long‐term strategies, yet testing the efficacy of such strategies before major conservation investments are made can be challenging.

The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused severe declines in several species of North American hibernating bats. We tested a novel conservation approach targeted at improving foraging conditions near bat hibernacula by experimentally manipulating insect density in the pre‐hibernation fattening period and spring emergence recovery period. We measured foraging (feeding buzzes) and echolocation activity of little brown bats Myotis lucifugus at ultraviolet (UV) light lures to determine behavioural response to augmented foraging conditions and characterized insect availability at UV light lures.

In the fall, bat foraging activity was three times greater (95% CI: 1.5–5.8; p = 0.002) when UV lights were on, but there was no statistical support for differences in echolocation activity response when our experimental design alternated between nights with lights on and off. In the spring, we allowed UV light lures to run consistently each night and compared with a control location in similar habitat. Bat foraging activity was 8.5 times greater (95% CI: 4.5–16.0; p < 0.0001) and echolocation activity was 4.4 times higher (95% CI: 3.0–6.5; p < 0.0001) at UV light lures in the spring experiment. In both the fall and spring, UV light lures resulted in concentrated insect availability, attracting primarily moths (Order: Lepidoptera). In both seasons, nightly temperature had a strong influence on bat foraging, echolocation and insect activity.

We show that a bat species threatened by WNS used enhanced foraging habitats near hibernacula during the critical pre‐ and post‐hibernation phases of their annual cycle. While light lures are unlikely to be a long‐term management strategy, our experiment provides initial evidence that bats behaviourally respond with increased foraging activity in areas with augmented insect prey availability. Our experimental results support developing management strategies focused on habitat protection, including restoration and enhancement of foraging habitats, in the immediate vicinity of bat hibernacula.
The Comprehensive Effects ofCarassius auratusComplex Formula against Lipid Accumulation, Hepatocarcinogenesis, and COVID‐19 Pathogenesis via Stabilized G‐Quadruplex and Reduced Cell Senescence
Authors: Hsiao He‐Yun , Hsu Po‐Jui , Sampurna Bonifasius Putera , Lin Yu‐Ju , Lin Kuan‐Hao , Zhao Yu‐Ning , Wang Horng‐Dar , Yuh Chiou‐Hwa
Published: March 2023

Carassius auratuscomplex formula (CACF) is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its antidiabetic effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, and there are currently no effective therapies for advanced HCC. This study explores the comprehensive effects and possible mechanisms of CACF on HCC. The results show that CACF reduces the viability of hepatoma cells in vitro, while benefiting normal hepatocytes. In addition, CACF inhibits hepatoma cell growth in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model and decreases lipid accumulation, represses inflammation and cell proliferation markers in fatty acid translocase (CD36) transgenic zebrafish, and inhibits the expression of cell proliferation and β‐catenin downstream targets in telomerase (tert) transgenic zebrafish models. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis reveals that CACF exerts multiple functions, including reduction of inflammation and inhibition of lipid transporter and PPAR signaling pathway. Surprisingly, CACF also regulates the expression of genes and reduces coronavirus infection and pathogenesis in a zebrafish model. CACF treatment is validated to regulate the expression of genes for anti‐coronavirus activity. Mechanistically, CACF stabilizes G‐quadruplex and reduces cell senescence associated β‐galactosidase activity. In summary, CACF may be a promising therapeutic agent with multiple functions including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐microorganisms in a zebrafish model.
Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Nanoparticles Assembled from Naturally Occurring Building Blocks
Authors: Li Haotian , Zhang Jianhua , Yang Lei , Cao Huan , Yang Zhen , Yang Peng , Zhang Wei , Li Yiwen , Chen Xianchun , Gu Zhipeng
Published: March 2023

Bacterial infections represent one of the serious human healthcare threats, and ≈80% of bacterial infections are related to biofilm. So far, there are extensive investigations on the development of robust biomaterials toward the elimination of biofilms and synergistic antibacterial applications. Despite the progress made, concerns have always been raised regarding the sophisticated synthesis and pre‐modification of hybrid materials, complicated purification and high‐cost work. In this study, a series of robust and integrative nanoparticles (NPs) assembled from two types of natural building blocks (natural polyphenols and tobramycin antibiotics) is successfully fabricated via a one‐pot integration approach, which can efficiently destruct the biofilm structure and kill bacteria via enhanced antibiotic infiltration. Notably, natural polyphenols and tobramycin can release from the formed NPs in an on‐demand manner in the bacterial‐induced environment. The former ones can inhibit quorum sensing within bacteria through competitive combination with autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) to remove the existing biofilm, and the latter antibiotics exert high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides new inspirations toward robust and synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm nanomaterials via the facile integration of naturally occurring molecules.
Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Wang , Ladika Dimitra , Yu Haoyi , Gailevičius Darius , Wang Hongtao , Pan Cheng‐Feng , Nair Parvathi Nair Suseela , Ke Yujie , Mori Tomohiro , Chan John You En , Ruan Qifeng , Farsari Maria , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Juodkazis Saulius , Gu Min , Yang Joel K. W.
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced 3D printing techniques, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers a significant advantage in nanoscale print resolution, and has been widely employed in diverse fields, for example, life sciences, materials sciences, mechanics, and microfluidics. More recently, by virtue of the optical transparency of most of the resins used, TPL is finding new applications in optics and photonics, with nanometer to millimeter feature dimensions. It enables the minimization of optical elements and systems, and exploration of light‐matter interactions with new degrees of freedom, never possible before. To review the recent progress in the TPL related optical research, it starts with the fundamentals of TPL and material formulation, then discusses novel fabrication methods, and a wide range of optical applications. These applications notably include diffractive, topological, quantum, and color optics. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of TPL and related potential optical applications.
Recent Progress on Synthesis, Intrinsic Properties and Optoelectronic Applications of Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Li Huayang , Shen Nan , Chen Shi , Guo Fei , Xu Baomin
Published: March 2023

Metal halide perovskite have shown great potential for applications in photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes and photon detectors, mainly owing to their superb optoelectronic properties, low‐cost raw materials and facile fabrication process. Although, polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films have been actively investigated for preparing various optoelectronic devices, the presence of detrimental defects at grain boundaries, serious ion migration and limited stability unfortunately hinder their device performance and practical application. As a contrast, perovskite single crystals (SCs) exhibit no grain boundaries, much lower trap density and much improved stability, hence providing a more attractive choice for not only optoelectronic device applications but also fundamental research. In this review, recent progress in the growth methods of perovskite SCs is summarized, followed by giving a detailed introduction of the intrinsic properties of perovskite SCs including optical properties, defects, charge carrier dynamics, ion migration and stability. On these base, the applications of perovskite SCs in various optoelectronic devices like solar cells, photodetectors, and radiation detectors are discussed, where the relationship between the composition, device architecture and device performance is highlighted. Finally, a tentative discussion on the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of perovskite SCs and optoelectronic devices is presented.
Facile Handling of 3D Two‐Photon Polymerized Microstructures by Ultra‐Conformable Freestanding Polymeric Membranes
Authors: den Hoed Frank Marco , Ottomaniello Andrea , Tricinci Omar , Ceseracciu Luca , Carlotti Marco , Raffa Patrizio , Mattoli Virgilio
Published: March 2023

Micro‐nano‐fabrication on objects with complex surfaces is essential for the development of technologies in the growing fields of flexible electronics and photonics. Various strategies are devised to extend the fabrication from conventional planar substrates to curved ones, however, significant challenges still exist, especially in the framework of 3D printing and additive manufacturing. In this study, a novel technique is presented to realize 3D micro‐structures on arbitrary complex surfaces providing an extreme level of conformability. This method relies on the fabrication of micro‐structures via two‐photon polymerization on polymeric nano‐membranes that can be efficiently transferred to a specific target. Ultra‐thin polymeric films are exploited as the support to suspend and transfer the printed micro‐structures on the predefined surface. The nanofilm can finally be easily removed, apart from the region underneath the printed elements where it serves as a few tens of nanometers adhesive. The repeatability and feasibility of the proposed process are investigated and shown to provide large flexibility of choice on the printed structures, materials used, transfer procedures, and targeted substrate geometries. By integration with standard fabrication processes, the described technique offers a great potential for the development of next‐generation multidimensional/multi‐material micro‐nano‐technologies.
Topological Spin Textures in a Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet System
Authors: Liu Xionghua , Feng Qiyuan , Zhang Dong , Deng Yongcheng , Dong Shuai , Zhang Enze , Li Weihao , Lu Qingyou , Chang Kai , Wang Kaiyou
Published: March 2023

Topologically protected magnetic “whirls” such as skyrmions in antiferromagnetic materials have recently attracted extensive interest due to their nontrivial band topology and potential application in antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, room‐temperature skyrmions in natural metallic antiferromagnetic materials with merit of probable convenient electrical manipulation have not been reported. Here, room‐temperature skyrmions are realized in a non‐collinear antiferromagnet, Mn3Sn, capped with a Pt overlayer. The evolution of spin textures from coplanar inverted triangular structures to Bloch‐type skyrmions is achieved via tuning the magnitude of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Beyond that, the temperature can induce an unconventional transition from skyrmions to antiferromagnetic meron‐like spin textures at ≈220 K in the Mn3Sn/Pt samples. Combining with the theoretical calculations, it is found that the transition originates from the temperature dependence of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between kagome sublayers within the Mn3Sn crystalline unit‐cell. These findings open the avenue for the development of topological spin‐swirling‐based antiferromagnetic spintronics.
The Criterion of the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel Wetting Modes and the Effect of Elastic Substrates on It
Authors: Park Il Woong , Ribe Jonas M. , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos A.
Published: March 2023

Controlling the wettability using microstructures has been studied because of many applications. In particular, bio‐mimetic microstructures modeled after the self‐cleaning properties of the lotus leaf have been extensively studied. Despite many studies successfully achieving the fabrication of superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic surfaces through the manipulation of microstructures, the effect of rough surfaces on contact angle remains an area of inquiry. In this study, conical microstructures with well‐defined geometric parameters are fabricated over a silicon wafer. They are replicated into soft matter that has transparent and flexible characteristics. From the measurement of the contact angle for fabricated surfaces, the prediction of the criteria for transitioning from the Cassie‐Baxter state to the Wenzel state can be suggested. Furthermore, the fabrication of an inexpensive, transparent, elastic, and superhydrophobic surface based on truncated micro‐conical structures in PDMS can be suggested.