bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of pectin substances of wild sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) growing in Azerbaijan
Authors: Farzaliyev E. B. , Golubev V.N. , Hafizov G.K.
Published: January 2022

The use of sea buckthorn fruits in medicine, cosmetology and as a source of ingredients that improve the quality of food has already been studied and continues to be studied. One of these ingredients can serve as pectin substances of sea buckthorn, isolated from it in its pure form. Considering the relevance of this direction, the main task of this work was the study and identification of pectin substances isolated from the fruits of wild sea buckthorn growing in Azerbaijan. Using cavitation-membrane technology, samples of pectin substances from sea buckthorn pomace were obtained under optimal technological conditions, after which the physicochemical characteristics were studied and their identification was carried out using physicochemical methods - elementary analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Data have been obtained indicating that sea buckthorn pectin is a low-esterified pectin, which consists of a mixture of linear and highly branched polymers of α-D-galacturonane and other polysaccharides, whose macromolecules include galacturonic acid residues and neutral sugars. The high complexing ability of the obtained pectin in relation to lead ions has been established, which makes it possible to recommend it as an active ingredient for therapeutic and prophylactic products. The data obtained allow us to get a more complete picture of the biotechnological potential of local sea buckthorn as a source of pectin substances.
Plutella xylostella (L.) population control in sowings of spring rapeseed using pheromones
Authors: Semerenko Sergey , Bushneva Nadezhda
Published: January 2022

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common pest of rapeseed and other crops of Brassicaceae family. Annual yield losses and costs of pest control worldwide are estimated at $ 4-5 billion. The pest has an increased tendency to develop resistance to insecticides. The use of traps with synthetic sex pheromone is a modern instrumental method of monitoring P. xylostella. The use of the mating disruption method will effectively decrease pest numbers and reduce the application of insecticides. In 2017-2020, we researched the pheromone activity and evaluated the mating disruption method in the sowings of spring rapeseed at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that P. xylostella males were caught in traps with all tested dispenser types. The pheromone showed the greatest activity on the foil-film dispenser (F). The mating disruption method effectively decreased P. xylostella population in rapeseed sowing; the disruption effect by the end of crop vegetation was high and reached 82.5 %.
The Influence of the Degree of Saturation of Crop Rotations with Alfalfa (Medicago SativaL.) and Winter Wheat (Triticum AestivumL.) with Ncp on the Accumulation of Plant Mass and Nutrients in the Energy Storage System of Soil Content in the Western Precaspian
Authors: Guseynov A. A. , Gasanov G. N. , Arslanov M. A. , Gadzhiev K. M. , Asvarova T. A.
Published: January 2022

The energy storage system of soil maintenance in the irrigation landscapes of the Western Precaspian is based on the use of the second half of summer for the formation of a natural crop phytocenosis (NCP) and plowing it for green fertilizer. The article deals with the formation of plant mass in grain-grass crop rotations, the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in it. The degree of saturation of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) with natural crop phytocenosis (NCP) crop rotations ranges from 0 to 100%. The most productive of the studied crop rotations is a four-field with one output field of alfalfa and three fields of winter wheat, after harvesting which in the second half of summer a NCP for green fertilizer is formed. In this crop rotation, 97.4 t of agricultural products were produced on 1 ha of the crop rotation area, including 30.2 t/ha of its non-alienable part from the soil. Accordingly, the removal of N, P2O5 and K2O from the soil increases. The proportion of the returned amount of nutrients from the phytomass inalienable from the soil was (%): N-17.7; P2O5 and 45.3.
Issues of agriculture digitalization in the Russian Federation (legal aspect)
Authors: Savoskin Alexander , Kalitskaya V.V. , Rykalina O.A. , Mustafina O.V. , Perminova I.M.
Published: January 2022

The President of the Russian Federation has set the task of achieving “digital maturity” of the key economic sectors, including agriculture, by 2030. At the same time, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is clearly lagging behind the pace of digital transformation in other sectors of the national economy. There are several reasons for this: the regulatory standards of the agricultural crops cultivation and the farm animals breeding are not perfect; the legal regulation of digitalization in the field of both production and agriculture is fragmented; the use of digital tools and information technologies in agricultural activities appears to be quite complicated. The article not only analyzes modern acts affecting the digital transformation of agriculture in the Russian Federation (including acts of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation) and the problems of their application, but also suggests measures aimed to stimulate agricultural producers and food-processing companies, introducing innovative digital technologies, as well as provides recommendations for the use of special legal regimes that entered into force in 2021.
A small-sized DSSC panel based on the Uruguayan national flower dye tested at the Antarctic Artigas Base
Authors: Cerdá María Fernanda
Published: January 2022

The construction of a small-sized panel based on anthocyanins from Erythrina crista-galli as sensitizers is reported in this work. The device, named KD12, was placed indoors at the Artigas Antarctic Scientific Base from March 2019 to December 2020. Here is released for the first time, the indoor installation of dye-sensitized solar cells based on pigments from the Uruguayan national flower at an Antarctic Base and the evaluation of their performance during nineteen months. The panel showed good stability and maintained its efficiency conversion performance over the period. The output power, voltage and conversion efficiency generated for this device mainly depended on irradiance and external factors as light reflection due to snow or artificial bulbs near the area. Additional protection was provided by the double-glass window in front of the panel, lowering lighting irradiance and changing spectral characteristics of the light incident the device. A new prospect raised here: the potential application of anthocyanins as sensitizers for indoor electricity generation in the Antarctic area with long term operability, where low temperatures are helpful considering the thermal stability of the dyes. These constitute an interesting first step of a low-cost alternative searching for clean energy generation sources, focusing on a cold region like Antarctica.
Désordre corrélé : un degré de liberté pour le contrôle des propriétés photoniques
Authors: Carminati Rémi , Pierrat Romain
Published: January 2022

L’ordre partiel dans un matériau désordonné peut modifier son aptitude à diffuser la lumière. Les propriétés photoniques de tels matériaux sont ainsi fortement influencées par le niveau d’ordre partiel, décrit par les corrélations statistiques entre les positions des centres diffuseurs. Générer de telles corrélations offre un degré de liberté pour la conception de matériaux désordonnés aux propriétés innovantes.
Effect of gender, carrying and planting the pole on approach step parameters in young pole vaulters
Authors: Cassirame Johan , Sanchez Hervé , Homo Sébastien , Frère Julien
Published: January 2022

In pole vaulting, take-off speed is considered as a major determinant of performance. Pole carriage could affect the speed acquired during the approach and at the take-off. This study investigated different types of runs performed randomly by young male and female expert athletes: maximal sprint, maximal pole carriage run, maximal run-up with simulated pole plant and competition situation. Speed profile was determined with a radar gun and spatiotemporal parameters were recorded for the last 20 m of the approach with the Optojump Next system. For both genders, mechanical variables were compared using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measurements. Pole carriage represents the main cause of speed decrease for both men (−5.8%) and women (−6.2%). A step rate decrease during pole carriage was pointed out with an increase of contact time for both men and women. Significant speed decrease was observed for women at the take-off compared to pole plant simulation (−4.3%), while not for men. Those results provide a new insight for pole vault training allowing to update training process with specific exercises leading to reduce speed loss at take-off.
Zeitliche Dringlichkeitsstufen bei der operativen Versorgung von handchirurgischen Notfällen: Eine Umfrage unter deutschen Handchirurgen
Authors: Schleußer Sophie , Kalousis Konstantinos , Kisch Tobias , Mailänder Peter , Stang Felix
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund Die handchirurgische Notfallversorgung konkurriert in der Dienstzeit mit anderen chirurgischen Fächern um die zur Verfügung stehende OP-Kapazität. Fachübergreifend existiert in vielen Kliniken eine einheitliche Notfallkategorisierung, die festlegt, innerhalb welcher Zeitfenster eine chirurgische Versorgung von Notfällen erfolgen muss. Allerdings gibt es in der handchirurgischen Literatur keine einheitlichen Daten/Empfehlungen darüber, mit welcher zeitlichen Versorgungsdringlichkeit bestimmte Verletzungsmuster aus medizinischer und forensischer Sicht versorgt werden sollten.

Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit unternimmt den Versuch, die Versorgungssituation und den fachlichen Konsens bezüglich der Versorgungsdringlichkeiten in Deutschland mithilfe einer Online-Umfrage zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden Über den E-Mail-Verteiler der DGH wurde eine Online-Umfrage an alle Mitglieder zweimal im Abstand von mehreren Monaten versandt. Es erfolgte die standardisierte Abfrage von Art und Größe der Klinik bzw. Praxis sowie die Bitte um Einschätzung der zeitlichen Dringlichkeitsstufen für verschiedene handchirurgische Verletzungsmuster (sofort – innerhalb 2 h – innerhalb 6 h – innerhalb 12 h – innerhalb 24 h bzw. elektive Versorgung). Die anschließende Analyse und grafische Aufarbeitung erfolgten mittels Excel.

Ergebnisse Von rund 700 aktiven Mitgliedern beteiligten sich 172 (25 %) an der Umfrage. Vertreten sind Kollegen sowohl aus Universitätskliniken und BG-Kliniken als auch aus Schwerpunkthäusern und Kliniken der Grund- und Regelversorgung. 15 % sind in der Praxis tätig. An der Notfallversorgung partizipieren erwartungsgemäß hauptsächlich Häuser der Maximalversorgung, überwiegend mit eigener handchirurgischer Dienstbesetzung. 64 % der Häuser haben dabei eine fachübergreifende Notfallkategorisierung. Die Einschätzung der zeitlichen Versorgungsdringlichkeiten bei gefährdenden Verletzungen der Hand wie Amputationen und Kompartmentsyndrom ist insgesamt relativ einheitlich, bei nicht-gefährdenden Verletzungen wie Infekten oder Sehnendurchtrennungen hingegen sehr heterogen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Möglichkeit zur Versorgung handchirurgischer Notfälle hängt in erster Linie von den zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen und OP-Kapazitäten ab, die Einschätzung der Versorgungsdringlichkeit zusätzlich von Erfahrung und Schule. Um im Wettbewerb mit anderen chirurgischen Disziplinen um limitierte Ressourcen auf eine valide Argumentationsgrundlage zurückgreifen zu können, ist ein allgemeiner Konsens zu Versorgungsdringlichkeiten sinnvoll. Eine dazu valide Studiengrundlage fehlt allerdings bis heute.
Schwangerenversorgung und Zugang zur Hebamme nach sozialem Status:
Eine Analyse mit Routinedaten der BARMER
Authors: Hertle Dagmar , Lange Ute , Wende Danny
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund Der sozioökonomische Status ist eine wichtige Ursache
von Ungleichheit in Gesundheitsstatus und Versorgung. Dies trifft auch auf
Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett zu. Die Betreuung während der
Schwangerschaft hat eine weichenstellende Rolle für das Gelingen der
Lebensphase rund um die Geburt. Untersucht wurde deshalb auf der Basis von
Routinedaten der BARMER, welche Leistungen Schwangere in Abhängigkeit
von der sozioökonomischen Lage erhalten haben und wie sich diese auf die
Berufsgruppen der Gynäkolog*innen und Hebammen verteilt
haben.

Methode Die Studienpopulation umfasste 237 251 bei der BARMER
versicherte Frauen mit 278 237 Geburten in den Jahren 2015–2019.
Betrachtet wurden die von Gynäkolog*innen und Hebammen
abgerechneten Leistungen während der Schwangerschaft nach
sozio-ökonomischer Lage.

Ergebnisse Die ärztliche Vorsorge dominiert das
Versorgungsgeschehen: Für knapp 98% der Schwangeren wurde in
mindestens drei Quartalen eine ärztliche Vorsorgepauschale abgerechnet.
Eine regelmäßige Beteiligung der Hebamme an der Vorsorge ab dem
4. Schwangerschaftsmonat mit mehr als vier Vorsorgeleistungen war nur bei
1,2% der Frauen der Fall. Frauen aus einkommensschwachen
Verhältnissen erhalten weniger Vorsorgeleistungen sowohl durch
Gynäkolog*innen als auch durch Hebammen, wobei 31% der
einkommensschwachen Frauen gar keinen Hebammenkontakt vor der Geburt hatten, bei
den Frauen mit hohem Einkommen waren es nur 11%. Frauen mit hohem
Einkommen hatten zudem häufiger früh Kontakt zur Hebamme (47 vs.
37% im ersten Trimenon). Der Zeitpunkt des Erstkontaktes erwies sich als
relevant für die spätere kooperative Schwangerschaftsbetreuung
durch beide Berufsgruppen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Potentiale der Hebammenbetreuung werden nicht
ausgeschöpft. Hebammen sollten insgesamt deutlich mehr in die
Schwangerschaftsvorsorge eingebunden sein, wobei der Zugang zur Hebamme
insbesondere für sozial benachteiligte Frauen verbessert werden muss.
Diese Gruppe könnte besonders von der Hebammenversorgung profitieren, da
diese die sozialen Aspekte in der Betreuung stärker
berücksichtigt und auch aufsuchende Angebote macht.
Deutschland braucht eine Agentur für
Gesundheitskommunikation
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd , Hurrelmann Klaus , Jonitz Günther , Schaeffer Doris
Published: January 2022

Die vierte Corona-Welle hat Deutschland wie ein Tsunami erfasst, in der
Bevölkerung wachsen Angst und Ratlosigkeit. Der Bedarf an
vertrauenswürdiger und gut gesicherter Information über die
aktuellen Gesundheitsrisiken ist groß, der Wunsch nach praktischen
Empfehlungen für das eigene Verhalten hoch. Seit Beginn der Pandemie aber es
gibt keine landesweit abgestimmte, fachlich fundierte und sorgfältig
choreografierte Informationsstrategie von Bund und Ländern.
Subaxial Lateral Mass Prosthesis for Posterior Reconstruction of Cervical Spine
Authors: Jian Qiang , Liu Zhenlei , Duan Wanru , Jian Fengzeng , Chen Zan
Published: January 2022

Background Posterior facetectomy or lateral mass resection is often used during cervical dumbbell tumor resection, jeopardizing the stability of cervical spine. The space after resection of one or more lateral masses, if left unfilled might hamper bone fusion and structural support.

Purpose There were the aims to obtain the relevant morphometry of the lateral mass of the subaxial cervical spine (C3–C7) and to design a lateral mass prosthesis for the posterior reconstruction of the cervical spine.

Methods The computed tomography (CT) scans of healthy volunteers were obtained. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software (Version 2020.1, Medixant, Poland) was used to measure the parameters of lateral mass, such as height, anteroposterior dimension (APD), mediolateral dimension (MLD), and facet joint angle. According to the parameters, a series of cervical lateral mass prostheses were designed. Cadaver experiment was conducted to demonstrate its feasibility.

Results Twenty-three volunteers with an average age of 30.1 ± 7.1 years were enrolled in this study. The height of the lateral mass was 14.1 mm on average. The facet joint angle, APD, and MLD of the lateral mass averaged 40.1 degrees, 11.2 mm, and 12.2 mm, respectively. With these key data, a lateral mass prosthesis consisting of a column and a posterior fixation plate was designed. The column has a 4.0-mm radius, 41-degree surface angle, and adjustable height of 13, 15, or 17 mm. In the cadaver experiment, the column could function as a supporting structure between adjacent facets, and it would not violate the exiting nerve root or the vertebral artery.

Conclusion This study provided a detailed morphology of the lateral mass of the subaxial cervical spine. A series of subaxial cervical lateral mass prostheses were designed awaiting further clinical application.
Spinal Cord Tumors—Our 5-Year Experience
Authors: Banga Manpreet S. , Sandeep B.V. , Kishan Anantha , Arun M.A. , Dev Arjun H. , Devabhakthuni Rajesh B.
Published: January 2022

Purpose To study the demography, incidence, symptoms, histopathology, postoperative complications and recovery in operated patients of spinal tumor.

Overview of Literature Primary spinal cord tumors (SCT) are an uncommon entity. According to their location, spinal tumors are conveniently classified as extradural (ED) and intradural (ID), although some can be both inside and outside the dura. ID tumors can be intradural extramedullary (IDEM) or intramedullary SCT (IMSCT).

Methods This is a retrospective study of 122 patients with spinal tumors who were surgically treated at the department of neurosurgery from 2014 to 2019 over a period of 5 years.

Study Design This is a retrospective study.

Results Out of 122 patients, there were 19 patients with ED tumor, 73 had IDEM, and 30 had IMSCT. As many as 73 patients were males and the rest of the 49 patients were females. Mean age at time of surgery was 40.79 years. The thoracic region of spinal canal was most frequently involved (64; 52.4%). The common clinical symptom was motor weakness (90 cases; 73.77%). Majority of the patients had symptoms for duration of 6 to 12 months. Schwannomas were the most common tumor among IDEM and extradural location. Ependymomas were the most common type in IMSCT. We observed significant improvement in most of our cases. Four patients deteriorated at 3 months follow- up.

Conclusions There was a higher male:female ratio for all spinal cord tumors except meningiomas. There was also a higher proportion of nerve sheath tumors, and a lower proportion of meningiomas and neuroepithelial tumors. These results are similar to other studies from Asian countries.
Erectile Dysfunction in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Long-term Metabolic Control and Diabetic Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Kulecki Michał , Lachowski Paweł , Kasprzak Dominika , Kulczycka Ania , Kozłowska Maria , Klause Daria , Uruska Aleksandra , Michalski Mateusz , Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz Dorota
Published: January 2022

Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 38% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Skin autofluorescence (AF) reflects skin advanced glycation end product (AGE) deposits and is a marker of long-term glycemia control.

Objective The study investigates the relationship between ED and diabetes control in patients with T1DM.

Methods Adult patients with T1DM visiting the Diabetology Department were cross-sectionally investigated. Medical history, anthropometric features, and laboratory findings were collected. All individuals filled the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). IIEF-5 total score < 22 represented the presence of ED. AF was measured on the volar aspect of the forearm using AGE Reader. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by the estimated glucose disposal rate. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The adjusted covariates were general risk factors of ED.

Results Of a total of n = 70 patients, n = 30 (42.9%) suffered from ED. The presence of ED was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin level (OR, 95% CI; 1.62, 1.02–2.60; p = 0.043), presence of at least one diabetic complication (3.49, 1.10–11.03; p = 0.03), and skin AF (9.20, 1.60–52.94; p = 0.01), but not with IR (0.78, 0.57–2.60; p = 0.12). Skin AF values ≥ 2.2 indicates presence of ED with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 77.5%. Area under the curve was equal to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60–0.85).

Conclusions The presence of ED in individuals with T1DM is associated with HbA1c, the presence of at least one diabetic complication, and skin AF.
Operative Volume of Newborn Surgery in German University Hospitals: High Volume Versus Low Volume Centers
Authors: Lacher Martin , Barthlen Winfried , Eckoldt Felicitas , Fitze Guido , Fuchs Jörg , Hosie Stuart , Kaiser Martin M. , Meyer Thomas , Muensterer Oliver J. , Reinshagen Konrad , Rothe Karin , Seitz Guido , Stuhldreier Gerhard , Troebs Ralf-Bodo , Ure Benno , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Wessel Lucas , Wünsch Lutz , Rolle Udo
Published: January 2022

Introduction Adequate patient volume is essential for the maintenance of quality, meaningful research, and training of the next generation of pediatric surgeons. The role of university hospitals is to fulfill these tasks at the highest possible level. Due to decentralization of pediatric surgical care during the last decades, there is a trend toward reduction of operative caseloads. The aim of this study was to assess the operative volume of the most relevant congenital malformations at German academic pediatric surgical institutions over the past years.

Methods Nineteen chairpersons representing university-chairs in pediatric surgery in Germany submitted data on 10 index procedures regarding congenital malformations or neonatal abdominal emergencies over a 3-year period (2015 through 2017). All institutions were categorized according to the total number of respective cases into “high,” “medium,” and “low” volume centers by terciles. Some operative numbers were verified using data from health insurance companies, when available. Finally, the ratio of cumulative case load versus prevalence of the particular malformation was calculated for the study period.

Results From 2015 through 2017, a total 2,162 newborns underwent surgery for congenital malformations and neonatal abdominal emergencies at German academic medical centers, representing 51% of all expected newborn cases nationwide. The median of cases per center within the study period was 101 (range 18–258). Four institutions (21%) were classified as “high volume” centers, four (21%) as “medium volume” centers, and 11 (58%) as “low volume” centers. The proportion of patients operated on in high-volume centers varied per disease category: esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: 40%, duodenal atresia: 40%, small and large bowel atresia: 39%, anorectal malformations: 40%, congenital diaphragmatic hernia: 56%, gastroschisis: 39%, omphalocele: 41%, Hirschsprung disease: 45%, posterior urethral valves: 39%, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)/focal intestinal perforation (FIP)/gastric perforation (GP): 45%.

Conclusion This study provides a national benchmark for neonatal surgery performed in German university hospitals. The rarity of these cases highlights the difficulties for individual pediatric surgeons to gain adequate clinical and surgical experience and research capabilities. Therefore, a discussion on the centralization of care for these rare entities is necessary.
Postoperative Respiratory Compromise following Cesarean Birth: The Impact of Obesity and Systemic Opioids
Authors: Walker Jessica L. , Adams Jacquelyn H. , Broman Aimee T. , Pryde Peter G. , Antony Kathleen M.
Published: January 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to measure the effect of obesity and systemic opioids on respiratory events within the first 24 hours following cesarean.

Methods Opioid-naive women undergoing cesarean between January 2016 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the proportion of women experiencing at least one composite respiratory outcome (oxygen saturation less than 95% lasting 30+ seconds or need for respiratory support) within 24 hours of cesarean. The impact of obesity and total systemic opioid dose in 24 hours (measured in morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) on the composite respiratory compromise outcome were evaluated.

Results Of 2,230 cesarean births, 790 women had at least one composite respiratory event. Predictors of the composite respiratory outcome included body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable (odds ratio = 1.063 for every one unit increase in BMI [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.021–1.108], p = 0.003), and MME (odds ratio = 1.005 [95% CI: 1.002–1.008], p = 0.003), adjusting for magnesium sulfate use. The interaction between obesity and opioid dose demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.000 (95% CI: 0.999–1.000, p = 0.030).

Conclusion The proportion of women experiencing respiratory events following cesarean birth increases with the degree of obesity and opioid dose.

Key Points
Symplectic integration of learned Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Offen C. , Ober-Blöbaum S.
Published: January 2022

Hamiltonian systems are differential equations that describe systems in classical mechanics, plasma physics, and sampling problems. They exhibit many structural properties, such as a lack of attractors and the presence of conservation laws. To predict Hamiltonian dynamics based on discrete trajectory observations, the incorporation of prior knowledge about Hamiltonian structure greatly improves predictions. This is typically done by learning the system’s Hamiltonian and then integrating the Hamiltonian vector field with a symplectic integrator. For this, however, Hamiltonian data need to be approximated based on trajectory observations. Moreover, the numerical integrator introduces an additional discretization error. In this article, we show that an inverse modified Hamiltonian structure adapted to the geometric integrator can be learned directly from observations. A separate approximation step for the Hamiltonian data is avoided. The inverse modified data compensate for the discretization error such that the discretization error is eliminated. The technique is developed for Gaussian processes.
Amplitude-modulated spiking as a novel route to bursting: Coupling-induced mixed-mode oscillations by symmetry breaking
Authors: Pedersen Morten Gram , Brøns Morten , Sørensen Mads Peter
Published: January 2022

Mixed-mode oscillations consisting of alternating small- and large-amplitude oscillations are increasingly well understood and are often caused by folded singularities, canard orbits, or singular Hopf bifurcations. We show that coupling between identical nonlinear oscillators can cause mixed-mode oscillations because of symmetry breaking. This behavior is illustrated for diffusively coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators with negative coupling constant, and we show that it is caused by a singular Hopf bifurcation related to a folded saddle-node (FSN) singularity. Inspired by earlier work on models of pancreatic beta-cells [Sherman, Bull. Math. Biol. 56, 811 (1994)], we then identify a new type of bursting dynamics due to diffusive coupling of cells firing action potentials when isolated. In the presence of coupling, small-amplitude oscillations in the action potential height precede transitions to square-wave bursting. Confirming the hypothesis from the earlier work that this behavior is related to a pitchfork-of-limit-cycles bifurcation in the fast subsystem, we find that it is caused by symmetry breaking. Moreover, we show that it is organized by a FSN in the averaged system, which causes a singular Hopf bifurcation. Such behavior is related to the recently studied dynamics caused by the so-called torus canards.
Polaritonic quantization in nonlocal polar materials
Authors: Gubbin Christopher R. , De Liberato Simone
Published: January 2022

In the Reststrahlen region, between the transverse and longitudinal phonon frequencies, polar dielectric materials respond metallically to light, and the resulting strong light–matter interactions can lead to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed surface phonon polaritons. Recent works have demonstrated that when an optical system contains nanoscale polar elements, these excitations can acquire a longitudinal field component as a result of the material dispersion of the lattice, leading to the formation of secondary quasiparticles termed longitudinal-transverse polaritons. In this work, we build on previous macroscopic electromagnetic theories, developing a full second-quantized theory of longitudinal-transverse polaritons. Beginning from the Hamiltonian of the light–matter system, we treat distortion to the lattice, introducing an elastic free energy. We then diagonalize the Hamiltonian, demonstrating that the equations of motion for the polariton are equivalent to those of macroscopic electromagnetism and quantize the nonlocal operators. Finally, we demonstrate how to reconstruct the electromagnetic fields in terms of the polariton states and explore polariton induced enhancements of the Purcell factor. These results demonstrate how nonlocality can narrow, enhance, and spectrally tune near-field emission with applications in mid-infrared sensing.
Mechanistic studies of oxidation and iodization of PbSe thin film sensitization for mid-infrared detection
Authors: Harrison Joel T. , Gupta Mool C.
Published: January 2022

With the resurgence of uncooled PbSe-based photodetectors and the demand for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) imaging systems, a need exists for a better understanding of the sensitization process used for photoconductive detection. A mechanistic study of the oxidation and iodization process is carried out to improve the understanding of the sensitization process with experimental measurement of film composition, morphology, and crystal structure. Comprehensive material characterization is performed for PbSe thin films processed under different sensitization conditions, and results are combined to construct a physical model of the sensitization process. The relative elemental concentration distribution found in cross-sectional energy-dispersive spectroscopy line-scans is correlated with the crystallographic data collected with x-ray diffraction and Raman measurements, respectively, to build a spatially accurate model. The different sensitization conditions are then correlated to the MWIR photoresponse. This study shows that a targeted PbSeO3 layer thickness of 400 nm formed during the oxidation process is necessary to (1) restrict the top PbI2 layer thickness to less than 200 nm, (2) regulate the iodization process, allowing trace amounts of iodine to diffuse along grain boundaries to recrystallize the PbSe base-layer, and (3) preserve the stoichiometric balance of the underlying PbSe layer. An optimum oxidation process window is identified whereby too thick, as well as too thin, of a PbSeO3 layer, both result in a thick PbI2 top layer and a thin PbSe base-layer. This work also shows that PbSeO3 iodizes to form PbI2 at a rate of ∼100 nm/min at 325 °C while pure PbSe and Se-poor PbSe iodizes nearly 5× faster than PbSeO3. Overall, the oxidation step is necessary for oxygen diffusion into PbSe thin film grain boundaries and to control the iodine diffusion rate. The iodization step is necessary to form a PbI2 surface passivation layer, formation of a newly identified compound within sensitized PbSe (Pb3Se2O6I2), and incorporation of iodine into PbSe thin film grain boundaries. We identify and explain the narrow oxidation process window and iodization conditions necessary to achieve high photoconductivity.
Multi-level operation in VO2-based resistive switching devices
Authors: Gao Xing , Rosário Carlos M. M. , Hilgenkamp Hans
Published: January 2022

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is widely studied for its prominent insulator–metal transition (IMT) near room temperature, with potential applications in novel memory devices and brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. We report on the fabrication of in-plane VO2 metal–insulator–metal structures and reproducible switching measurements in these two-terminal devices. Resistive switching can be achieved by applying voltage or current bias, which creates Joule heating in the device and triggers the IMT. We analyze the current/voltage-induced resistive switching characteristics, including a pronounced intermediate state in the reset from the low to the high resistance state. Controllable switching behavior is demonstrated between multiple resistance levels over several orders of magnitude, allowing for multibit operation. This multi-level operation of the VO2-bridge devices results from exploiting sub-hysteresis loops by Joule heating.
A hybrid acoustic cloaking based on binary splitting metasurfaces and near-zero-index metamaterials
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Gang
Published: January 2022

A hybrid acoustic cloaking, composed of binary splitting metasurfaces (BSMs) and near-zero-index metamaterials (NZIMs), is proposed in this paper. The BSMs form acoustic cloaking to make the incident waves diffract around the obstacle, while NZIMs can straightly transfer the incident waves to the input layer of BSMs and control the emergent waves from the output layer of BSMs to propagate along the original incident direction. Due to the tunneling effect, NZIMs compensate for the extra phase from the wave diffraction and improve the efficiency of the acoustic cloaking. As BSMs and NZIMs consist of Helmholtz cavities and cylinders, respectively, the hybrid acoustic cloaking is simple in structure and easy to fabricate with only two-unit cell types per period. Additionally, an optimization method is applied to combine all layers of hybrid acoustic cloaking and realize a better cloaking effect. Using such a way, the normalized efficiency of transmitted waves through the hybrid acoustic cloaking can reach up to 97.2%, and scattered waves are strongly suppressed. For experimental demonstration, the actual sound field of emergent waves of acoustic cloaking is visualized with schlieren photography, where the cloaking effect is physically validated. This study simplifies the design of acoustic cloaking and provides further expansibility for wavefront transformations.
ThAu2−, ThAu2O−, and ThAuOH− anions: Photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical characterization
Authors: Zhu Zhaoguo , Marshall Mary , Bowen Kit H. , Peterson Kirk A.
Published: January 2022

The thorium–gold negative ions ThAu2−, ThAu2O−, and ThAuOH− have been observed and experimentally characterized by anion photoelectron spectroscopy. These experiments are accompanied by extensive ab initio electronic structure calculations using a relativistic composite methodology based primarily on coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples calculations. The theoretical electron affinities (EAs) at 0 K agree with the experimental adiabatic EAs to within 0.02 eV for all species. Two separate isomers were located in the calculations for ThAuOH−, and detachment from both of these appears to be present in the photoelectron spectrum. Excited electronic states of the neutral molecules are reported at the equation of motion-coupled cluster singles and doubles level of theory. Atomization energies and heats of formation are also calculated for each neutral species and have expected uncertainties of 3 and 4 kcal/mol, respectively. The σ bonds between Th and Au are determined by natural bond orbital analysis to consist of predominately sd hybrids on Th bonding with the Au 6s orbital. In order to investigate the correspondence between the bonding in Th–Au and Th–F molecules, a limited number of calculations were also carried out on most of the F-analogs of this study. These results demonstrate that Au does behave like F in these cases, although the Th–F σ bonds are much more ionic compared to Th–Au. This results in an EA for ThF2 that is 10 kcal/mol smaller than that of ThAu2. The EA values for the Th(IV) species, i.e., ThX2O and ThXOH, only differed, however, by 3–4 kcal/mol.
CrTe as a versatile thermoelectromagnetic multi-functional material
Authors: Gong Yue , Sun Jinchang , Hu Weiwei , Li Songlin , Xu Weibin , Tan Gangjian , Tang Xinfeng
Published: January 2022

Materials with large magnetocaloric effects and high thermoelectric performance are of fundamental interest to all-solid-state refrigeration technology. Herein, we report CrTe-based ferromagnetic semi-metals as an exceptional example showing both desirable magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM) and promising thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) near room temperature. A proper amount (9 mol. %) of Cr deficiency is found to stabilize the hexagonal structure of CrTe. Cr0.91Te displays a maximum −ΔSM value of ∼2.4 J/Kg·K under an applied magnetic field of 5 T around its Curie temperature (TC) of 332 K and a strikingly large ZT value of 1.2 × 10−2 at 300 K (two to four orders of magnitude larger than any other ferromagnetic compounds reported so far). The exceptional thermoelectric performance in such a semi-metal is believed to originate from the inherently strong electron–phonon–spin interactions: magnon-drag effect mediated Seebeck coefficient enhancement and phonon–spin coupling induced thermal conductivity reduction. The introduction of antiferromagnetic CrSb not only systematically decreases TC of Cr0.91Te down to or even below room temperature but also boosts its thermoelectromagnetic properties. Specifically, Cr0.91Te0.9Sb0.1 obtains a maximum −ΔSM value of ∼2.6 J/Kg·K @ 5 T around TC = 315 K and a ZT value of 2.0 × 10−2 at 300 K, which represent 8% and 75% improvement over pristine Cr0.91Te, respectively. This research highlights the possibility of exploring ferromagnetic semi-metals as advanced thermoelectromagnetic multi-functional materials.
The role of ATXR6 expression in modulating genome stability and transposable element repression in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Potok Magdalena E. , Zhong Zhenhui , Picard Colette L. , Liu Qikun , Do Truman , Jacobsen Cassidy E. , Sakr Ocean , Naranbaatar Bilguudei , Thilakaratne Ruwan , Khnkoyan Zhanna , Purl Megan , Cheng Harrison , Vervaet Helena , Feng Suhua , Rayatpisheh Shima , Wohlschlegel James A. , O’Malley Ronan C. , Ecker Joseph R. , Jacobsen Steven E.
Published: January 2022

Significance

The plant-specific H3K27me1 methyltransferases ATXR5 and ATXR6 play integral roles connecting epigenetic silencing with genomic stability. However, how H3K27me1 relates to these processes is poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of tissue- and ploidy-specific expression in a hypomorphic
atxr5/6
mutant and revealed that the tissue-specific defects correlate with residual
ATXR6
expression. We also determined that ATXR5/6 function is essential for female germline development. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive analysis of H3K27me1 changes in relation to other epigenetic marks. We also determined that some previously reported suppressors of
atxr5/6
may act by restoring the levels of H3K27me1, such as through up-regulation of the
ATXR6
transcript in the
atxr6
hypomorphic promoter allele.
Verbs of seasoning in Japanese, with special reference to the locative alternation in English
Authors: Nonaka Daisuke
Published: January 2022

This chapter identifies verbs of seasoning from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese and divides them into two types: those taking the seasoning as direct object (e.g., shio o furikakeru ‘sprinkle salt’) and those marking the seasoning with the instrumental case (e.g., shio de ajituke suru ‘season (something) with salt’). While some verbs of seasoning in English participate in the locative alternation (e.g., Sprinkle salt over the meat vs. Sprinkle the meat with salt), Japanese has considerably fewer alternating verbs, requiring the use of different verbs in the realm of seasoning. The difference is accounted for in light of “fashions of speaking” (e.g., Ikegami, 1985).
Motion expressions in Japanese wine-tasting descriptions
Authors: Yoshinari Yuko
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyzes motion expressions for wine aromas and flavors found in a corpus of wine-tasting notes, applying a typological theory of motion expressions (Talmy, 2000). Japanese wine-tasting descriptions are typically metaphoric, attempting to convey the motion of an entity, particularly aroma and flavor, around the sensory organs, similar to the case of English (Caballero, 2007). However, the following distinct features are observed in the Japanese wine-tasting context: (i) path-of-motion verbs are more predominantly used than manner-of-motion verbs to describe wine; (ii) a combination of a deictic verb and another verb (e.g., de-te-kuru [exit-conj-come] ‘come out’) is more frequently used than a single deictic verb. These characteristics mirror the patterns observed in Japanese descriptions of motion events in space.
The foot in the history of English
Authors: Dresher B. Elan , Lahiri Aditi
Published: January 2022

Dresher & Lahiri (1991) propose that Old English displays ‘metrical coherence’: different phonological processes are sensitive to the same metrical structure. We consider how English has dealt with challenges to metrical coherence. We show that the resolved moraic trochee, assumed to characterize the early Old English foot (Bermúdez-Otero manuscript; Goering 2016a, b), became untenable after the shortening of unstressed vowels, arguing that this stage of Old English, at least, requires the Germanic Foot, an extended and resolved trochee. After 1570 (Lahiri 2015) the direction of parsing changed from left-to-right to right-to-left when the number of Latin loanwords with stress-affecting suffixes had passed a threshold derived from Yang’s Tolerance Principle (Yang 2016). This change reestablished the metrical coherence that had been disrupted by these words.
Towards a companionate marriage in Late Modern England?
Authors: Gardner Anne-Christine
Published: January 2022

Using a Critical Discourse Analysis approach (Fairclough 1992) which combines micro and macro level analysis, this article explores how the social relationship of a privileged couple, Mary Hamilton (1756–1816) and John Dickenson (c.1757–1842), is negotiated during their courtship in 1784–85 on the basis of Hamilton’s letters in the
Mary Hamilton Papers
(HAM/2/15), held by The University of Manchester Library. The focus lies on two moments of crisis in which Hamilton criticises Dickenson’s behaviour concerning letter-writing and hunting practices. The couple seems to follow the ideals of the companionate marriage which emerged in the eighteenth century: they treat each other as equals, which allows Hamilton to be outspoken about her opinions, and the partners accommodate to each other’s positions.
Adapting the Dynamic Model to historical linguistics
Authors: Percillier Michael
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes a new application of the
Dynamic Model of contact by Edgar W. Schneider to the
medieval contact situation between Anglo-Norman and Middle English, which
lasted from 1066 until ca. 1500. Specifically, the emergence of an insular
variety of Old French called Anglo-French, as well as the transfer of
linguistic features from French into Middle English, are discussed within
this framework. By way of three pilot studies, the productivity of copied
features as well as instances of ‘failed change’ are explained by the
model’s dynamic and granular nature. The chapter demonstrates how the model
can be applied to further contexts than its original scope, and may provide
a framework to explain contact-induced developments in both settler and
indigenous languages.
From eadig to happy
Authors: Molencki Rafal
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the demise of Old English
adjectives of fortune which came to be replaced with some new items of
Germanic origin, in particular Norse-derived happy and Low
German or Flemish lucky. Interestingly, in this semantic
field referring to abstract ideas, English did not take Romance borrowings,
except for fortunate. The adjective happy
was not a direct Scandinavian loanword, but an independent regular late-14th
century native derivation from the originally Norse noun
hap borrowed into English at least two centuries
before. In Middle and Early Modern English some Old English items fell into
disuse (e.g., ēadig) while others underwent major semantic
shifts ((ge)sǣlig and
blīðe). Using the data from several historical
dictionaries of English and the Corpus of Middle English Prose and
Verse, I trace the mechanisms of replacement in the context of
lexical layering, subjectification and contact-induced linguistic
changes.
GCN5 maintains muscle integrity by acetylating YY1 to promote dystrophin expression
Authors: Addicks Gregory C. , Zhang Hongbo , Ryu Dongryeol , Vasam Goutham , Green Alexander E. , Marshall Philip L. , Patel Sonia , Kang Baeki E. , Kim Doyoun , Katsyuba Elena , Williams Evan G. , Renaud Jean-Marc , Auwerx Johan , Menzies Keir J.
Published: January 2022

Protein lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein structure and function. It is targeted to proteins by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) or removed by lysine deacetylases. This work identifies a role for the KAT enzyme general control of amino acid synthesis protein 5 (GCN5; KAT2A) in regulating muscle integrity by inhibiting DNA binding of the transcription factor/repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Here we report that a muscle-specific mouse knockout of GCN5 (Gcn5skm−/−) reduces the expression of key structural muscle proteins, including dystrophin, resulting in myopathy. GCN5 was found to acetylate YY1 at two residues (K392 and K393), disrupting the interaction between the YY1 zinc finger region and DNA. These findings were supported by human data, including an observed negative correlation between YY1 gene expression and muscle fiber diameter. Collectively, GCN5 positively regulates muscle integrity through maintenance of structural protein expression via acetylation-dependent inhibition of YY1. This work implicates the role of protein acetylation in the regulation of muscle health and for consideration in the design of novel therapeutic strategies to support healthy muscle during myopathy or aging.
Factoring in the force: A novel role for eIF6
Authors: Wilson Darren Graham Samuel , Iskratsch Thomas
Published: January 2022

eIF6 is known for its role as a stimulatory translation initiation factor. In this issue, Keen et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202005213) identify a novel, noncanonical role, whereby eIF6 regulates focal adhesion formation, mechanosensing, and cell mechanics, independent of its translational role.
Lie theory for asymptotic symmetries in general relativity: The BMS group
Authors: Prinz David , Schmeding Alexander
Published: January 2022

We study the Lie group structure of asymptotic symmetry groups in general relativity from the viewpoint of infinite-dimensional geometry. To this end, we review the geometric definition of asymptotic simplicity and emptiness due to Penrose and the coordinate-wise definition of asymptotic flatness due to Bondi et al. Then we construct the Lie group structure of the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) group and discuss its Lie theoretic properties. We find that the BMS group is regular in the sense of Milnor, but not real analytic. This motivates us to conjecture that it is not locally exponential. Finally, we verify the Trotter property as well as the commutator property. As an outlook, we comment on the situation of related asymptotic symmetry groups. In particular, the much more involved situation of the Newman–Unti group is highlighted, which will be studied in future work.