bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the strain and thermoelectric properties of hexagonal SiX (X = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) monolayers
Authors: Somaiya Radha N , Sonvane Yogesh Ashokbhai , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: January 2020

Si based group V binary compounds have shown better thermoelectric performance at room temperature in addition with ultrahigh carrier mobilities.
Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation of SAPS3 subunit increases PP6 phosphatase activity with Aurora A kinase
Authors: Heo Jinho , Larner James M. , Brautigan David L.
Published: January 2020

Protein Ser/Thr phosphatase-6 (PP6) regulates pathways for activation of NF-kB, YAP1 and Aurora A kinase (AURKA). PP6 is a heterotrimer comprised of a catalytic subunit, one of three different SAPS subunits and one of three different ankyrin-repeat ANKRD subunits. Here, we show FLAG-PP6C expressed in cells preferentially binds endogenous SAPS3, and the complex is active with the chemical substrate DiFMUP. SAPS3 has multiple acidic sequence motifs recognized by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) and SAPS3 is phosphorylated by purified CK2, without affecting its associated PP6 phosphatase activity. However, HA3-SAPS3-PP6 phosphatase activity using pT288 AURKA as substrate is significantly increased by phosphorylation with CK2. The substitution of Ala in nine putative phosphorylation sites in SAPS3 was required to prevent CK2 activation of the phosphatase. Different CK2 chemical inhibitors equally increased phosphorylation of endogenous AURKA in living cells, consistent with reduction in PP6 activity. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion or siRNA knockdown of SAPS3 resulted in highly activated endogenous AURKA, and a high proportion of cells with abnormal nuclei. Activation of PP6 by CK2 can form a feedback loop with bistable changes in substrates.
DAPF: Delay‐aware packet forwarding for driving safety and efficiency in vehicular networks
Authors: Shahwani Hamayoun , Mugabarigira Bien Aime , Shen Yiwen , Jeong Jaehoon (Paul) , Shin Jitae
Published: January 2020

This study proposes an effective delay‐aware packet forwarding (DAPF) for driving safety and efficiency in vehicular networks. Vehicular ad hoc networks have been an emerging technology for vehicular communication for the last few decades, but still, it has many challenging issues such as on‐time dissemination of message at an emergency situation (e.g. accident and obstacle) to the vehicles having the same route to their destinations. This on‐time dissemination can prevent further collision of vehicles and road traffic congestion. In this study, the authors propose an effective way of selecting the processing position of a message among a cluster head, road‐side unit (RSU), and vehicular cloud, on the basis of total delivery time and cost. They further show that this effective selection and on‐time dissemination helps the upcoming vehicles to select an appropriate route to their destinations. Through simulation results, it is shown that their DAPF outperforms other schemes in terms of packet delivery time.
Crowd counting by the dual‐branch scale‐aware network with ranking loss constraints
Authors: Wu Qin , Yan Fangfang , Chai Zhilei , Guo Guodong
Published: January 2020

Image crowd counting is a challenging problem. This study proposes a new deep learning method that estimates crowd counting for the congested scene. The proposed network is composed of two major components: the first ten layers of VGG16 are used as the backbone network, and a dual‐branch (named as Branch_S and Branch_D) network is proposed to be the second part of the network. Branch_S extracts low‐level information (head blob) through a shallow fully convolutional network and Branch_D uses a deep fully convolutional network to extract high‐level context features (faces and body). Features learnt from the two different branches can handle the problem of scale variation due to perspective effects and image size differences. Features of different scales extracted from the two branches are fused to generate predicted density map. On the basis of the fact that an original graph must contain more or equal number of persons than any of its sub‐images, a ranking loss function utilising the constraint relationship inside an image is proposed. Moreover, the ranking loss is combined with Euclidean loss as the final loss function. Our approach is evaluated on three benchmark datasets, and better results are achieved compared with the state‐of‐the‐art works.
Three‐vector‐based low‐complexity model predictive current control with reduced steady‐state current error for permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Xu Yanping , Ding Xianhua , Wang Jibing , Li Yuanyuan
Published: January 2020

The three‐vector‐based model predictive current control has the advantages of fast dynamic response, low current ripple and no weight factor, but there are also problems of large computational efforts and steady‐state current error under parameter mismatch. To solve the fore‐mentioned drawbacks, a three‐vector‐based low‐complexity model predictive current control with reduced steady‐state current error for the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system is proposed in this study. Firstly, the selection process of optimal voltage vector combination is simplified to reduce the computational burden of three‐vector‐based model predictive current control. Moreover, the sensitivity of parameters is analysed, respectively. In order to reduce the steady‐state current error caused by parameter mismatch, a Luenberger observer is introduced to estimate the lump disturbance caused by parameter mismatch and unmodelled dynamics. The estimated lump disturbance is considered as compensation to the model. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
CogITS: cognition‐enabled network management for 5G V2X communication
Authors: Barros Michael Taynnan , Velez Gorka , Arregui Harbil , Loyo Estíbaliz , Sharma Kanika , Mujika Andoni , Jennings Brendan
Published: January 2020

The 5G promise for ubiquitous communications is expected to be a key enabler for transportation efficiency. However, the consequent increase of both data payload and number of users derived from new Intelligent Transport Systems makes network management even more challenging; an ideal network management will need to be capable of self‐managing fast‐moving nodes that sit in the 5G data plane. Platooning applications, for instance need a highly flexible and high efficient infrastructure for optimal road capacity. Network management solutions have, then, to accommodate more intelligence in its decision‐making process due to the network complexity of ITS. This study proposes this envisioned architecture, namely cognition‐enabled network management, for 5G V2X communication (CogITS). It is empowered by machine learning to dynamically allocate resources in the network based on traffic prediction and adaptable physical layer settings. Preliminary proof‐of‐concept validation results, in a platooning scenario, show that the proposed architecture can improve the overall network latency over time with a minimum increase of control message traffic.
Deep trap sites suppressing space charge injection in polycyclic aromatic compounds doped XLPE composite
Authors: Li Jin , Han Chenlei , Du Boxue , Takada Tatsuo
Published: January 2020

In this study, the space charge characteristics in the polycyclic aromatic compounds doped cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) composite were analysed by integration current (Q (t)) method and quantum chemical calculation. Experimentally, the space charge behaviours of XLPE composites modified by the three selected polycyclic aromatic compounds during polarisation and depolarisation process at 25 and 80°C were measured by Q (t) method, respectively. The energy levels and 3D potential distributions of the three polycyclic aromatic compounds were calculated by density functional theory. The experimental and calculation results indicate that the polycyclic aromatic compound C with deep carrier traps and stronger polarity exhibits outstanding ability to reduce space charge injection than the others at both 25 and 80°C. Generally, 4,4′‐bis (dimethyl amino) benyil has great potential as the organic additive for DC cable insulation from the view of space charge suppression.
Improving the quality of polycaprolactone nanofibres using glass ionomer label 1
Authors: Badami Amirhossein , Mousavi Sayedali
Published: January 2020

In this study, the electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibres with different solvents and various ratios as well as electrospinning on the poly lactic acid plate are investigated for use on the wounds. Utilising several materials at various concentrations, including dimethylformamide–methylene chloride solvent and methylene chloride and methanol solvent, electrospinning of PCL nanofibres are performed. The results show that the obtained fibres have a large number of beaded fibres when using the dimethylformamide–methylene solvent. However, the beaded fibres reduced for methylene chloride and methanol solvent. After adding the glass ionomer label 1 and ciprofloxacin, the beaded fibres intensively decline and also Young's modulus reaches a maximum value (5.2 MPa). Therefore, the combination of glass ionomer label 1 and ciprofloxacin with the methylene chloride and methanol solvent can provide very interesting results to reduce the number of beaded fibres, which show the combination is very suitable for use in wounds.
Sturzprävention für geriatrische Handpatienten
Authors: Blömker Frank
Published: January 2020

Gründe für eine Immobilität im Alter können die Folgen einer medikamentös induzierten Sturzsymptomatik sein. Aber auch fehlende Balance und Sturzangst sind mögliche Ursachen von mangelnder Bewegung. Wie kann das Sturzrisiko bei älteren Menschen erfasst werden und welche Maßnahmen sind präventiv möglich?
Insulin Resistance and Free Androgen as Predictors for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Non-PCOS Women
Authors: Nikbakht Roshan , Zargar Mahvash , Moramezi Farideh , Ziafat Mahnaz , Tabesh Hamed , Sattari Ali Reza , Sattari Shahab Aldin
Published: January 2020

We evaluated the effect of insulin resistance and free androgen index (FAI) in non-PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) infertile women following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. A prospective study was done on 144 infertile non-PCOS women with regular menstrual cycle. At first, insulin resistance (IR), free androgen index (FAI), PCOM (polycystic ovary morphology), AFC (antral follicle count), and AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) were assessed. The patients underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART), and then preovulatory follicles and oocytes retrieved were recorded. The variables of the study were compared between two groups of patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (n=66) and non-OHSS patients (n=78). Of the 9 variables: BMI, HOMA-IR, FAI, AFC, AMH, PCOM, and preovulatory follicles were risk factors, while the age and retrieved oocytes were not. The 7 variables that showed significance in the univariate analyses were determined as independent variables included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, as a result, a total of 5 risk factors, BMI, HOMA-IR, FAI, PCOM, and preovulatory follicles entered the equation. The maximum contribution was HOMA-IR followed by PCOM, FAI, preovulatory follicles and BMI. Patients with OHSS had higher chance to have ovaries with polycystic morphology (74%), about three times more than patients who did not develop OHSS (29%) (p<0.001). The best cut-points for IR, FAI, AFC, AMH, and preovulatry follicles were 2.36, 3.9, 8, 3.3 ng/ml, and 10, respectively. Patients with a higher value of BMI, FAI, HOMA-IR, and preovulatory follicles and the presence of PCOM are more likely to develop OHSS, which are not confined to PCOS patients.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Dermal Distribution of 5-Methoxypsoralen Based on a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Support Phytotherapy Using Brosimum gaudichaudii
Authors: Martins Frederico Severino , Sy Sherwin K.B. , Fonseca Maria José Vieira , de Freitas Osvaldo
Published: January 2020

The treatment of vitiligo includes the combination of psoralens and ultraviolet type A exposure. Psoralens belong to a group of natural furanocoumarins that cause the skin to become sensitive temporarily to ultraviolet type A. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of 5-MOP from Brosimum gaudichaudii to support psoralen and ultraviolet type A therapy. A study of rats was used to establish and validate rat tissue distribution. The same chemical-specific parameters used in the rat model were also employed in the human model to project human pharmacokinetics. The highest exposures in the rats were in the brain and skin. Following a single dose of 1.2 mg/kg 5-MOP in humans, the model predicted a maximum concentration of 20 ng/mL and an area under the curve of 125 ng.h/mL, matching clinical results. The half-maximum melanogenesis concentrations in B16F10 cells were 29.5, 18.5, 11.5, and 6.5 ng/mL for synthetic 5-MOP, synthetic 5-MOP with ultraviolet type A, B. gaudichaudii alone, and B. gaudichaudii plus ultraviolet type A, respectively. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model prediction in humans supported a once-every-two-day regimen for optimal melanin production. This type of framework can be applied to support strategies for dose selection and to investigate the impact of drugs on melanocyte recovery.
Renal Dysplasia and Progressive Renal Failure in a Newborn with Interstitial Chromosome 4 Deletion 4q25-28.3: A New Phenotype?
Authors: Teles-Silva Cláudia , Martins Francisca , Costa Sandra , Soares Paulo , Rocha Gustavo , Flor-de-Lima Filipa , Pinto Helena , Ramalho Carla , Oliveira Renata , Brandão Otília , Guimarães Hercília
Published: January 2020

The deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4 is rare, presenting with a variable phenotype depending on the chromosomic area affected. A term newborn with prenatal diagnosis of anhydramnios, dysplastic cystic kidneys, and cardiomegaly was born with generalized subcutaneous edema, several dysmorphic features, and progressive renal failure requiring dialysis. The infant continued to deteriorate and died at 52 days of age. Autopsy confirmed bilateral renal dysplasia with cysts. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified a large deletion on 4q25-q28.3, which is not yet described in association with renal disease. The clinical progression could be expected due to the severity of the perinatal clinical presentation.
Pedigree Analysis of Idiopathic Epilepsy In Children of South Kerala
Authors: A. Amar Jayanthi.
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Epilepsy is a major health problem in infancy and childhood. Genetic factors are implicated in the etiology of epilepsy. A familial susceptibility to seizures have been recognized but the exact mode of inheritance remains unclear. The chief objective was to determine the inheritance pattern and to correlate its prevalence among closer relatives on the basis of sex, degree of relationship and age of onset of the disease. Materials and methods: A pedigree analysis of 100 clinically diagnosed children with idiopathic epilepsy seen between 1994 and 1997 at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram was done. The mode of inheritance was tested according to the genetic hypothesis of segregation analysis. Results: Positive family history was observed in 49% of the probands. A high proportion of probands with an early onset of disease showed involvement of family members and a significant sex predisposition for females was obtained. Relatives of female probands were affected more than those of males. Mothers were found to transmit the disease to offsprings more than the epileptic fathers. Conclusion: The results of pedigree analysis supported the hypothesis of an autosomal multifactorial mode of inheritance, with 86% heritability and a lower threshold for the disease to manifest. The application of modern genetic principles like identification of susceptibility gene to epilepsy, linkage and association studies would advance our understanding of the etiology of seizure disorders. Genetic factors may play a major role in the predisposition of relatives to epilepsy in families of probands with idiopathic epilepsy. The present study may aid in the genetic counselling of parents with epilepsy.
A Rare Case of Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas
Authors: D. Devi Jansirani , S. Shiva deep , S. Deepak Barathi
Published: January 2020

Agenesis of dorsal bud of the pancreas is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which results in absence of neck, body and tail of the adult pancreas. It may be associated with number of clinical features like diabetes mellitus, abdominal pain and chronic pancreatitis. Because of its rarity, we are reporting a case of agenesis of dorsal pancreas associated with early onset diabetes. Ultrasonography and Computed tomography showed absence of neck, body and tail of pancreas anterior to splenic vein and portal confluence; however head and uncinate process were normally present. Patient was thus diagnosed as agenesis of dorsal bud of pancreas.
A Descriptive Anatomical Study of the Branching Pattern of Internal Iliac Artery in Humans
Authors: PK Ramakrishnan , CD Selvarasu , MA Elezy
Published: January 2020

Background And Aims: Variations in the origin of the parietal branches of internal iliac artery are of great surgical and radiological importance. Very few studies regarding the variations in the origin of the branches of internal iliac artery have been reported from South India. The present study was carried out to investigate the sites of origin of the large parietal branches of the internal iliac artery in a sample Indian population from two Southern states. Materials And Methods: 50 pelvic halves of embalmed cadavers were dissected and observed for variations in the origins of superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudenda! and obturator arteries. Results: Among the 50 pelvic halves studied, the origins of superior gluteal, inferior gluteal and internal pudenda! arteries confirmed to a Type I arrangement on the Adachi scale in 30 cases (60%), a Type III pattern being found in 15 cases (30%) and a Type II pattern was seen in 4 cases (8%). Type IV was less frequent and was seen in only one case (2%). The obturator artery arose directly from the anterior division of internal iliac artery in 40% of cases; in the rest of specimens, it arose as a branch from either the inferior gluteal-internal pudenda! trunk or internal pudenda! or superior gluteal or iliolumbar arteries. Conclusions: The data obtained from this study show that the branching pattern of internal iliac artery is subject to great variation, especially with regard to its four large parietal branches. These observations are important in diagnostic & interventional radiological procedures of this major artery as well as in pelvic surgery to minimize intra-operative blood loss.
A study of coracoclavicular joint in South Indian population
Authors: Sembian Umapathy , M. Muhil , D. Nalina Kumari S
Published: January 2020

Background: Movements taking place in the shoulder girdle is a result of complex coordinated movements between the glenohumeral, acromio clavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Clavicle is connected with the first rib by the costoclavicular ligament apart from the sternum and scapula through sternoclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. Sometimes the area of attachment of these ligaments on the clavicle, first rib and scapula show faceted apophysis suggesting the presence of additional diarthrodial articulation. The incidence of Coraco–Clavicular (CCJ) joint in various populations is estimated to be ranging from 0.8% - 9.8%. Aim : The aim of our present study is to ascertain the prevalence of Coraco-Clavicular joint (CCJ) in South Indian population. Materials and methods : The present study was carried out on fifty cadavers embalmed with 10% formalin. Meticulous care was taken to include only cadavers from South Indian population. Cadavers exhibiting obscuring pathologies were excluded from the study. The dissections were carried out in all the limbs to note the presence of a diarthrotic coracoclavicular joint which is represented by the presence of an articular facet on the conoid tubercle of the clavicle & the superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. Results : In our study we came across a single cadaver having the coracoclavicular joint on the left side unilaterally. Conclusion : The coracoclavicular joint though a rare entity should be borne in mind as a differential diagnosis for thoracic outlet syndrome or costoclavicular syndrome and in general for shoulder pain. The present study has revealed the presence of CCJ in our population and it constitutes to only 2%.
Clinical importance of anatomical variants of sciatic nerve in relation to the piriformis muscle
Authors: Deopujari Rashmi , Satpathi Dibya Kishore , Mangalgiri Ashutosh S.
Published: January 2020

Background and aims : The sciatic nerve usually emerges below the Piriformis muscle. Each anatomical variant of sciatic nerve is associated with a specific clinical presentation. The aim of the study was to identify the variants of sciatic nerve and to discuss their clinical importance. Materials and methods : Twenty one embalmed cadavers of known age and sex were used for this study. Gluteal regions of both sides were dissected to expose sciatic nerve. Variation of sciatic nerve in relation to piriformis was observed. Results and Conclusion: Out of the 42 dissected specimens - Five showed variations in sciatic nerve. Three specimens (two on right and one on left side) displayed common peroneal branch passing through piriformis. Three specimens (two on right and one on left side) showed tibial nerve emerging below piriformis.ln one specimen on left side common peroneal nerve emerged as two parts in relation to piriformis - one passing through piriformis and another below piriformis. A very unusual variant in which the tibial and common peroneal components of sciatic nerve were sandwiched between the three heads of piriformis muscle is also reported here in one case of right side. These variants are usually misdiagnosed in most of the cases due to similarity of clinical symptoms with low back ache and sciatica. Therefore the possibility of each such variant should be kept in mind by the clinicians.
Microanatomical analysis of hypertensive placentae - a retrospective case control study
Authors: Singh Sabita , Gugapriya T. S.
Published: January 2020

Background : Placenta is regarded as the byproduct of the birth process, but actually it is the mirror of maternal and foetal status. It often reflects the progress of many maternal conditions during pregnancy and is known to undergo changes both structurally and functionally in hypertensive pregnancy due to hypoxia. Aim: To compare the histopatological changes in hypertensive placentae with that of normal placentae. Materials and methods: A retrospective case control study was carried out on human placentae with 50 as study and 50 as control group . Placentae of study group were divided into three categories depending upon severity of hypertension. Tissues were microscopically studied for various histopathological changes. Results: Among severe pregnancy induced hypertension cases (PIH), 77.77% showed red infarction while 70.6% of eclampsia showed white infarction. 76.47%, 64.7% and 58.82% of eclampsia cases showed syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis and stromal fibrosis repectively. 70.6% of eclampsia cases showed cytotrophoblastic proliferation and calcification separately. Hyperplasia of tunica media was found in 20%, 50% and 58.82% of mild PIH, severe PIH and eclampsia respectively. Conclusion: Infarction, cyotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis, calcification and tunica media hyperplasia were seen with increased frequency in the study group as compared to control group. In study group, eclamptic placentae showed all the microscopic changes in significant number.This study of microscopic changes occurring in hypertensive placentae can be used to enhance our knowledge about the severity and progress of the disease. This can equip us to effectively manage the hypertensive pregnancies.
First year medical students' performance analysis in anatomy with different modes of teaching: an experience of medical school in South India
Authors: Rajan Thangarasu , Bage Atul M
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: The routine method of didactic lecture followed by dissection does not help for long-term retention of the subject, anatomy amongst medical students. The impact of clinical anatomy knowledge in medical profession is large and there is an absolute lack of positive reception in this regard amongst student community. Teaching methods play an important role to create interest and to make students appreciate the subject better. Studies evaluating different modes of teaching anatomy are scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of different modes of anatomy teaching among medical students. Materials and methods: First year medical students were divided randomly into three groups and different modes of teaching anatomy like blackboard and chalk, audio/visual and using plastic models were compared by examination based assessment. The data of multiple groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by the Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test (PRISM Graph pad, version 4; Graph Pad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA). A P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: No single method is effective in increasing the performance of both theory and practical examination across different topics and so a suitable combination of the different modes for a particular topic in anatomy teaching should be framed.
Incidence of the third head of biceps brachii in population of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Salve Vishal Manoharrao , Poornima Chandaka Swathi , Rao Mandava Prabhakar
Published: January 2020

Background and aims : The biceps brachii is a large fusiform muscle in the flexor compartment of the arm. In terms of the number and morphology of its head, the biceps brachii muscle is one of the most variable muscles in human body. The present study explores the importance of such variations. Materials and methods: The upper limbs of embalmed human cadavers (fixed in 10 % formaldehyde solution) were included in present study. Total 36 (72 upper limbs) cadavers were studied by dissection. Results: Among the 72 superior extremities studied, six (8.33%) arms were found to have a three- headed biceps brachii muscles. The variation was present in the left arm of four males and one female. The variation was present in the right arm of one male. Conclusion : Presence of third head of biceps brachii muscle might increase its kinematics. Supernumerary heads of biceps brachii muscle may become significant in pre-operative procedure and during surgery of upper limb.
Regional Anesthesia: Boon for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Vascular Access Surgery
Authors: Rath Prapti , Shivashankar Archana , Luthra Luv , Mitta Nivedita
Published: January 2020

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is alarmingly high in Indian population with a steep rise in end-stage renal disease patients requiring dialysis access. The preexisting comorbidities associated with high morbidity further necessitate an anesthetic plan which provides benefits intraoperatively as well postoperatively. Different anesthesia techniques can be employed in CKD patients which are associated with complications. The aim of this review is to study the role and benefits of regional anesthesia in CKD patients.
A special price just for you: effects of personalized dynamic pricing on consumer fairness perceptions
Authors: Priester Anna , Robbert Thomas , Roth Stefan
Published: January 2020

Personalized dynamic pricing (PDP) involves dynamically setting individual-consumer prices for the same product or service according to consumer-identifying information. Despite its profitability, this pricing provokes strong negative fairness perceptions, explaining why managers are reluctant to implement it. This research provides important insights into the effect of two PDP dimensions (price individualization level and segmentation base) on fairness perceptions and the moderating role of privacy concerns. The results of two experimental studies indicate that consumers perceive individual prices as less fair than segment prices. They also evaluate location-based pricing as less fair than purchase history-based pricing. Consumer privacy concerns moderate these effects.
Existence of a solution for generalized Forchheimer flow in porous media with minimal regularity conditions
Authors: Kieu Thinh
Published: January 2020

This paper is focused on the generalized Forchheimer flows for slightly compressible fluids, described as a system of two nonlinear degenerating partial differential equations of first order. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the Dirichlet problem for the stationary case. The technique of semidiscretization in time is used to prove the existence for the time-dependent case.
Fault diagnosis for industrial robots based on a combined approach of manifold learning, treelet transform and Naive Bayes
Authors: Wu You , Fu Zhuang , Fei Jian
Published: January 2020

This research introduces a novel fault diagnosis method for an industrial robot based on manifold learning algorithms, Treelet Transform (TT) and Naive Bayes. The vibration signals of an industrial robot working under three working conditions are acquired as the raw data. Three typical manifold learning algorithms, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Locality Preserving Projections (LPPs), and Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP), are utilized to extract three-dimensional features from the vibration signals. Then, these features were combined into nine-dimensional features and, these nine-dimensional features were reduced to three-dimensional feature vectors by TT. Finally, a Naive Bayes model is trained with these three-dimensional feature vectors. Experimental results show that compared with the three methods, PCA, LPP, and ISOMAP, the accuracy of the proposed combined method is higher than the single method. The fault diagnosis method presented in this paper is easy to implement and can effectively identify the fault types.
Gaussian Lattice Boltzmann method and its applications to rarefied flows
Authors: Ilyin Oleg
Published: January 2020

A novel discretization approach for the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) kinetic equation is proposed. A hierarchy for the Lattice Boltzmann models starting from the one-dimensional three-velocity D1Q3 model is derived. The equilibrium states for the models in the hierarchy converge to the Maxwell distribution. The method inherits the properties of the Lattice Boltzmann method such as a linear streaming step and conservation of moments. Similar to the finite-difference methods for the BGK model, the presented approach describes high-order moments of the distribution function with a controllable error. The Sod shock tube problem, the Poiseuille flow between parallel plates, the plane Couette flow, and the lid-driven cavity are considered. Good stability and accuracy are observed for the test problems.
Initial-state preparation effects in time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Mavrommati Spyroulla A. , Skourtis Spiros S.
Published: January 2020

We explain a recent experimental observation that the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of an organic molecule for optical excitation within a highly absorbing region of the molecule has similar intensities to the spectra for optical excitation in a nonabsorbing region [D. L. Meyer et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 1677 (2017)]. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is due to an initial-state preparation effect of photoexcitation that leads to similar initial populations of triplet states for both optical excitation regions. Due to the low intersystem crossing rates, the initial triplet populations are not perturbed on the time scale of the experiment, so they determine the relative intensities of the paramagnetic resonance spectra. The effect is surprising given the weak spin-orbit interactions of organic molecules. Such initial-state preparation effects are likely to occur in systems where the intersystem crossing time scales are long compared to the time scale of the experiment.
Detection of phase distribution of vortex beams based on low frequency heterodyne interferometry with a common commercial CCD camera
Authors: Ding Xi , Feng Guoying , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: January 2020

We demonstrated low frequency heterodyne interferometry with a CCD pixel array, based on a point diffraction interferometer. The low-frequency heterodyne of 5 Hz generated by a uniformly circulating grating enables the CCD camera with the frame frequency of 20 Hz to record the dynamic changes of interference patterns. Every pixel of the CCD camera detects the cosine curve of the phase beating at the corresponding spatial point separately and eventually forms a wavefront distribution, whose spatial resolution is the size of the pixel. The phase singularity and the wavefront helicity of a vortex optical beam are obtained by the proposed method, and the phase jump from the simulation is reproduced by the measurement. The proposed method is of good significance in promoting research on the optical vortex beam and, more importantly, could be applied to the phase measurement of other types of special light fields.
Evaluation of magnetic field error in ExtendedEBIS
Authors: Ikeda Shunsuke , Beebe Edward , Kanesue Takeshi , Kondrashev Sergey , Okamura Masahiro
Published: January 2020

The upgrade of the EBIS, called ExtendedEBIS, is now in progress in Brookhaven National Laboratory. Two 5T-superconducting solenoids have been placed in series with 200 mm distance from each other for higher trap capacity and production of polarized 3He ions. Since the two superconducting solenoids are used, the field error is expected to be larger. In this research, the field error is estimated based on simulation. It was found that the magnetic field line can be 17 mm off from the center axis at the entrance of the collector, and this offset can be adjusted by three types of correction coils. Additionally, mismatch of the spin direction of polarized 3He due to the misalignment was estimated to be small.
Analytical solutions for unsteady electrohydrodynamics flows of Maxwell fluids in microchannels with circular cross section
Authors: Shah Nehad Ali , Mahsud Yasir , Aziz Mahvish , Tlili Iskander
Published: January 2020

Unsteady electrohydrodynamic flow of Maxwell fluids through a microchannel with a circular cross section under the influence of a time-dependent external electric field is studied in the Debye–Hückel approximation. Analytical solutions for electric potential of charge distribution, fluid velocity, and the components of a shear stress tensor are determined by using a suitable integral transform regarding the azimuthal variable, the Laplace transform with respect to the time variable, and the finite Hankel transform regarding the radial coordinate. Flows caused by an oscillating electric field have been studied as a particular case of the general model. The analytical solutions corresponding to the flow of Newtonian fluids have also been obtained as particular cases of analytical solutions of the Maxwell fluid flow. Numerical values of the analytical solutions are obtained using the MathCAD15 software. The profiles of electric potential and fluid velocity are presented in two/three-dimensional graphical illustrations.
Current induced domain wall motion with a Ta/Gd-Fe/Si-N magnetic nanowire for a magneto-optical light modulator
Authors: Aoshima Kenichi , Funabashi Nobuhiko , Higashida Ryo , Machida Kenji
Published: January 2020

We investigated a magnetic nanowire device for a light modulator which is very important for 3D holography display application. It has a Si-N/Ta/Gd-Fe/Si-N nanowire with 0.5 × 17 μm2 dimension and a Co/Pd multilayer hard magnet with its size of 0.5 × 3 μm2 which is attached underneath the nanowire for initial domain nucleation. Both the nanowire and the hard magnet have perpendicular anisotropy. An initial domain was successfully nucleated by pulse current and found spin-orbit torque from Ta and local magnetic field from the nanomagnet was responsible for the domain nucleation. Current induced domain wall (DW) motion was observed and the DW moved along current direction without magnetic field. DW velocity was significantly enhanced with in-plane magnetic field (Hinp) of 25mT and velocity more than 200 m/s was obtained, which was more than 25 times faster than that without magnetic field. We also show that the fast DW velocity is attributed to chiral Neel domain wall induced by external in-plane magnetic field. This fast DW motion is very useful for large scale light modulator which refreshes large number of pixels, such as 10K × 10K pixels, over a limited time scale of 8 ∼ 16.7 ms which corresponds to TV frame rate of 120 or 60 Hz.
Temperature trends and correlation between SQUID superparamagnetic relaxometry and dc-magnetization on model iron-oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Vargas José M. , Lawton Jess , Vargas Nicolás M. , Schuller Ivan K. , Sowko Nicholas J. , Huang Ming-Xiong , Zhang Marie
Published: January 2020

Structural properties of iron-oxide nanoparticles deeply affect their magnetic performance in many applications such as with superparamagnetic relaxometry, when employed as cell-targeted magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo diagnostics. In this work, we present a detailed characterization of model nanoparticles for this application, with an average size of ∼25 nm and a narrow size dispersion (σ<7%). Considering the intrinsic structural properties of these model nanoparticles, the study of temperature dependence and correlation between dc-magnetization and superconducting quantum interference detector-relaxometry are discussed based on known theoretical predictions and computer simulations of the magnetic dipole moment and characteristic decay constants. Furthermore, computer simulations provide support in clarifying how important the overall collective magnetization is affected by particle size dispersion, which has a direct role on sustaining the magnetic relaxation signal in the temperature range required in preclinical and clinical settings.
Stratification effects on flow and scalar transport through a deep cavity: A bioinspired examination
Authors: Saxena Saurabh , Yaghoobian Neda
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the effect of thermal stratification and boundary layer wind on the transport phenomena within a deep cavity. The study is inspired by the ventilation and gas-exchange process within the chimneys of open-vent termite mounds. Large-eddy simulations are conducted over an idealized termite mound subject to different thermal stratifications that are formed based on the observed mean day and night-time air and mound nest temperatures reported in the literature. A thorough analysis of the flow, temperature, and scalar fields indicates that the dynamics of the flow and the ventilation process within the cavity are controlled by the combined effects of the cavity entrance vortex and the stability condition within the lower regions of the cavity. The results show that, despite the small differences in the imposed stratification condition, the ventilation capacity is significantly higher in unstable conditions, owing to the stronger suction at the cavity entrance, together with the positive buoyant forces at the lower sections of the cavity. The results are in agreement with experimental observations of termite mounds in nature.
Classical nucleation theory predicts the shape of the nucleus in homogeneous solidification
Authors: Cheng Bingqing , Ceriotti Michele , Tribello Gareth A.
Published: January 2020

Macroscopic models of nucleation provide powerful tools for understanding activated phase transition processes. These models do not provide atomistic insights and can thus sometimes lack material-specific descriptions. Here, we provide a comprehensive framework for constructing a continuum picture from an atomistic simulation of homogeneous nucleation. We use this framework to determine the equilibrium shape of the solid nucleus that forms inside bulk liquid for a Lennard-Jones potential. From this shape, we then extract the anisotropy of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy, by performing a reverse Wulff construction in the space of spherical harmonic expansions. We find that the shape of the nucleus is nearly spherical and that its anisotropy can be perfectly described using classical models.
Production and quality of the silage of sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in different forage systems and at different maturity stages
Authors: Oliveira Suelen Soares , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Souza Wender Ferreira de , Santos Charles Barbosa dos , Teixeira Daniel Augusto Alves , Silva Victor Costa e
Published: January 2020

As part of the search for sustainability in production systems, systems of annual crops intercropped with tropical forage plants have recently been used for silage production. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the dry matter yield, fermentative parameters and nutritional value of the silage of sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in different forage systems and maturity stages in a crop-livestock integration system. The experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano), Rio Verde Campus, Goiás, Brazil, in a completely randomised design with four replications in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with five forage systems (monocropped sorghum, monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass, sorghum row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, sorghum inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass and sorghum oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass) and three maturity stages of the sorghum (milky, soft dough and hard dough). The results show that for all sowing methods, the silages of the intercropping systems harvested in the hard-dough stage provide a higher yield per area than did the monocropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass. The intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in crop-livestock integration systems could become an important option for the production of silage because intercropping minimises the inconveniences resulting from the fermentation process of the silage of monocropped grasses and improves the quality of the silage. These findings show this intercropping method to be advantageous strategy for the production of supplemental roughage in addition to contributing to the formation of pasture after the crops have been harvested for ensiling.
Dynamical control by water at a molecular level in protein dimer association and dissociation
Authors: Banerjee Puja , Bagchi Biman
Published: January 2020

Significance

Despite its paramount importance, a microscopic characterization of protein association/dissociation has remained a nontrivial challenge. We have carried out atomistic simulation (biased and unbiased) to characterize insulin dimerization and dissociation process fully with a special attention to the role of water. Insulin is our system of interest because its monomer is the biologically active species but it remains in the inactive hexameric and dimeric storage forms. Our study reveals that at larger separation of two monomers (R
MM
∼ 5 nm), dynamical properties of confined water molecules exhibit considerable deviation from bulklike characteristics, although structure remains bulklike. Analysis of both the large-scale water density fluctuation and protein conformational changes allows us to provide a complete picture of protein dissociation–association mechanism.
Guided transition waves in multistable mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Jin Lishuai , Khajehtourian Romik , Mueller Jochen , Rafsanjani Ahmad , Tournat Vincent , Bertoldi Katia , Kochmann Dennis M.
Published: January 2020

Transition fronts, moving through solids and fluids in the form of propagating domain or phase boundaries, have recently been mimicked at the structural level in bistable architectures. What has been limited to simple one-dimensional (1D) examples is here cast into a blueprint for higher dimensions, demonstrated through 2D experiments and described by a continuum mechanical model that draws inspiration from phase transition theory in crystalline solids. Unlike materials, the presented structural analogs admit precise control of the transition wave’s direction, shape, and velocity through spatially tailoring the underlying periodic network architecture (locally varying the shape or stiffness of the fundamental building blocks, and exploiting interactions of transition fronts with lattice defects such as point defects and free surfaces). The outcome is a predictable and programmable strongly nonlinear metamaterial motion with potential for, for example, propulsion in soft robotics, morphing surfaces, reconfigurable devices, mechanical logic, and controlled energy absorption.
Plasmodium falciparum
evades immunity of anopheline mosquitoes by interacting with a Pfs47 midgut receptor
Authors: Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Canepa Gaspar E. , Alves e Silva Thiago Luiz , Williams Adeline E. , Nagyal Simardeep , Yenkoidiok-Douti Lampouguin , Nagata Bianca M. , Calvo Eric , Andersen John , Boulanger Martin J. , Barillas-Mury Carolina
Published: January 2020

Significance

The surface protein Pfs47 makes
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites “undetectable” to the mosquito immune system. We proposed the “lock and key” model in which a parasite expressing a compatible Pfs47 haplotype “the key,” is able to evade the mosquito immune system, by interacting with a mosquito Pfs47 receptor “the lock,” which differs between vectors from different continents. Here, we uncovered the identity of the mosquito midgut “Pfs47 receptor” (P47Rec). P47Rec has two natterin domains and structural homology to a cytoskeleton-interacting protein. It binds Pfs47 with high affinity, and silencing P47Rec reduced
P. falciparum
infection. The molecular interactions of P47Rec from different mosquito species with Pfs47 haplotypes from Africa and South America give further support to the lock and key model.
Arrhythmogenic late Ca
2+
sparks in failing heart cells and their control by action potential configuration
Authors: Fowler Ewan D. , Wang Nan , Hezzell Melanie , Chanoit Guillaume , Hancox Jules C. , Cannell Mark B.
Published: January 2020

Significance

Sudden cardiac death in heart failure is a major unsolved clinical problem that is linked to the development of a spontaneous arrhythmia. Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are an arrhythmogenic mechanism, but the cellular trigger for EADs in heart failure is unclear. We show that the reduction in synchronous Ca
2+
release early in the action potential (AP) of failing cardiac myocytes promotes the appearance of late Ca
2+
sparks which can propagate, forming Ca
2+
ripples and waves. These, in turn, produce an inward sodium–calcium exchange current which opposes AP repolarization. Restoration of AP phase 1 repolarization improved Ca
2+
release synchrony and reduced late Ca
2+
spark rate, suggesting a different approach to reducing the risk of sudden death in heart failure.