bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regeneration Dynamics of Coast Redwood, a Sprouting Conifer Species: A Review with Implications for Management and Restoration
Authors: O’Hara Kevin , Cox Lauren , Nikolaeva Sasha , Bauer Julian , Hedges Rachelle
Published: April 2017

Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex. D. Don) Endl.) is unique among conifer species because of its longevity, the great sizes of individual trees, and its propensity to reproduce through sprouts. Timber harvesting in the native redwood range along the coast of the western United States has necessitated restoration aimed to promote old forest structures to increase the total amount of old forest, the connectivity between old forests, and to enhance the resiliency of these ecosystems. After disturbance or harvest, healthy redwood stumps sprout vigorously, often producing dozens of sprouts within two years of disturbance. These sprouts form highly aggregated spatial patterns because they are clustered around stumps that may number less than 50 ha−1. Thinning of sprouts can accelerate individual tree growth, providing an effective restoration strategy to accelerate formation of large trees and old forest structures or increase stand growth for timber production. However, management, including restoration activities, is a contentious issue throughout the native range of redwood because of the history of overexploitation of this resource and perceptions that overexploitation is continuing. This paper reviews the science of early stand dynamics in coast redwood and their implications for restoration and other silvicultural strategies.
Economic Cost-Analysis of the Impact of Container Size on Transplanted Tree Value
Authors: Garcia Chance Lauren , Arnold Michael , Hall Charles , Carver Sean
Published: April 2017

The benefits and costs of varying container sizes have yet to be fully evaluated to determine which container size affords the most advantageous opportunity for consumers. To determine value of the tree following transplant, clonal replicates of Vitex agnus-castus L. [Chaste Tree], Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. [Drummond Red Maple], and Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. [Baldcypress] were grown under common conditions in each of five container sizes 3.5, 11.7, 23.3, 97.8 or 175.0 L, respectively (#1, 3, 7, 25 or 45). In June 2013, six trees of each container size and species were transplanted to a sandy clay loam field in College Station, Texas. To determine the increase in value over a two-year post-transplant period, height and caliper measurements were taken at the end of nursery production and again at the end of the second growing season in the field, October 2014. Utilizing industry standards, initial costs of materials and labor were then compared with the size of trees after two years. Replacement cost analysis after two growing seasons indicated a greater increase in value for 11.7 and 23.3 L trees compared to losses in value for some 175.0 L trees. In comparison with trees from larger containers, trees from smaller size containers experienced shorter establishment times and increased growth rates, thus creating a quicker return on investment for trees transplanted from the smaller container sizes.
Detecting Damaged Building Regions Based on Semantic Scene Change from Multi-Temporal High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Tu Jihui , Li Deren , Feng Wenqing , Han Qinhu , Sui Haigang
Published: April 2017

The detection of damaged building regions is crucial to emergency response actions and rescue work after a disaster. Change detection methods using multi-temporal remote sensing images are widely used for this purpose. Differing from traditional methods based on change detection for damaged building regions, semantic scene change can provide a new point of view since it can indicate the land-use variation at the semantic level. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for detecting damaged building regions based on semantic scene change in a visual Bag-of-Words model. Pre- and post-disaster scene change in building regions are represented by a uniform visual codebook frequency. The scene change of damaged and non-damaged building regions is discriminated using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. An evaluation of experimental results, for a selected study site of the Longtou hill town of Yunnan, China, which was heavily damaged in the Ludian earthquake of 14 March 2013, shows that this method is feasible and effective for detecting damaged building regions. For the experiments, WorldView-2 optical imagery and aerial imagery is used.
On the Evolution of the Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: Burkhard Silja , Van Eif Vincent , Garric Laurence , Christoffels Vincent , Bakkers Jeroen
Published: April 2017

The rhythmic contraction of the heart is initiated and controlled by an intrinsic pacemaker system. Cardiac contractions commence at very early embryonic stages and coordination remains crucial for survival. The underlying molecular mechanisms of pacemaker cell development and function are still not fully understood. Heart form and function show high evolutionary conservation. Even in simple contractile cardiac tubes in primitive invertebrates, cardiac function is controlled by intrinsic, autonomous pacemaker cells. Understanding the evolutionary origin and development of cardiac pacemaker cells will help us outline the important pathways and factors involved. Key patterning factors, such as the homeodomain transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Shox2, and the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet-1, components of the T-box (Tbx), and bone morphogenic protein (Bmp) families are well conserved. Here we compare the dominant pacemaking systems in various organisms with respect to the underlying molecular regulation. Comparative analysis of the pathways involved in patterning the pacemaker domain in an evolutionary context might help us outline a common fundamental pacemaker cell gene programme. Special focus is given to pacemaker development in zebrafish, an extensively used model for vertebrate development. Finally, we conclude with a summary of highly conserved key factors in pacemaker cell development and function.
RETRACTED: Epoxy Resins Toughened with Surface Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Fibers by One-Step Electrospinning
Authors: Kim Joo , Kim Jung
Published: April 2017

Epoxidized natural rubber fibers (ERFs) are developed through one-step electrospinning and directly deposited into epoxy resins without collecting and distributing of fibers. The shape of ERFs shows rough surface due to different evaporation rate of solvent mixture consisting of chloroform and dichloromethane and the average diameter of ERFs is 6.2 µm. The increase of ERFs loading from 0 to 20 wt % into the epoxy resin increases the fracture strain significantly from 1.2% to 13% and toughness from 0.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa by a factor of 7. However, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus decrease about 34% from 58 MPa to 34 MPa and from 1.4 GPa to 0.9 GPa, respectively. Due to the crosslinking reactions between oxirane groups of ERFs and amine groups in the resin, surface roughness and the high aspect ratio of ERFs, ERFs result in more effective toughening effect with the minimum loss of tensile properties in epoxy resins.
Topology on Soft Continuous Function Spaces
Authors: Öztürk Taha , Bayramov Sadi
Published: April 2017

The concept of soft sets was initiated by Molodtsov. Then, some operations on soft sets were defined by Maji et al. Later on, the concept of soft topological space was introduced. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the pointwise topology of soft topological spaces. Finally, we investigate the properties of soft mapping spaces and the relationships between some soft mapping spaces.
Serum Creatine Kinase-MB Isoenzyme Activity among Subjects with Uncomplicated Essential Hypertension: Any Sex Differences
Authors: Emokpae Mathias , Nwagbara Goodluck
Published: April 2017

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health challenge and more women than men are affected by the condition. Complications as a result of this condition often lead to disabilities and premature death. The objective of this study was to evaluate creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity in uncomplicated hypertension and to know whether sex differences exist in the activity of the enzyme. Serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme activity, troponin I, and lipid profile were evaluated in 140 male and 100 female Nigerians with hypertension. The control group was comprised of 100 (50 males and 50 females) normotensive subjects. Measured parameters were assayed using Selectra Pros chemistry analyzer. The means were compared between males and females using Students’t-test. The mean CK-MB activity of the female hypertensive subjects was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the males. Similarly, the mean cardiac troponin I (cTnI) of the female hypertensive subjects was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the males. Conversely, the mean CK-MB activity of the female normotensive subjects was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the male counterparts. There was no difference in the levels of cTnI between male and female normotensive subjects. Serum CK-MB activity was higher in female than male hypertensive subjects. In the light of these results, cardiac markers should be routinely done in the evaluation of hypertensive subjects and sex-specific consideration may be recognized in the management of these patients.
Snacking Quality Is Associated with Secondary School Academic Achievement and the Intention to Enroll in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adolescents from Santiago, Chile
Authors: Correa-Burrows Paulina , Rodríguez Yanina , Blanco Estela , Gahagan Sheila , Burrows Raquel
Published: April 2017

Although numerous studies have approached the effects of exposure to a Western diet (WD) on academic outcomes, very few have focused on foods consumed during snack times. We explored whether there is a link between nutritious snacking habits and academic achievement in high school (HS) students from Santiago, Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 678 adolescents. The nutritional quality of snacks consumed by 16-year-old was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The academic outcomes measured were HS grade point average (GPA), the likelihood of HS completion, and the likelihood of taking college entrance exams. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of nutritious snacking with having completed HS and having taken college entrance exams. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) estimated the differences in GPA by the quality of snacks. Compared to students with healthy in-home snacking behaviors, adolescents having unhealthy in-home snacks had significantly lower GPAs (M difference: −40.1 points, 95% confidence interval (CI): −59.2, −16.9, d = 0.41), significantly lower odds of HS completion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.47; 95% CI: 0.25–0.88), and significantly lower odds of taking college entrance exams (aOR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.31–0.88). Unhealthy at-school snacking showed similar associations with the outcome variables. Poor nutritional quality snacking at school and at home was associated with poor secondary school academic achievement and the intention to enroll in higher education.
Ecumenism: Rapprochement Through Co-working to Reconciliation
Authors: Hovorun Cyril
Published: April 2017

This paper explores some forms of interaction between the Catholic and Orthodox churches in different contexts. Some of these forms are helpful, but not always efficient, and some are not helpful. Theological dialogues belong to the former category of interactions: they are helpful, but not efficient. Alliances on an ideological basis, for instance on the basis of “traditional values,” are unhelpful, because they polarise the churches internally. This article instead proposes a collaboration in the public domain as an alternative way of rapprochement between the two churches. The Ukrainian Maidan (the revolution of 2014) exemplifies a co-working space, which proved to be efficient for restoring trust between Orthodox and Greek Catholics.
Bayesian Device-Free Localization and Tracking in a Binary RF Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Zhenghuan , Liu Heng , Xu Shengxin , Bu Xiangyuan , An Jianping
Published: April 2017

Received-signal-strength-based (RSS-based) device-free localization (DFL) is a promising technique since it is able to localize the person without attaching any electronic device. This technology requires measuring the RSS of all links in the network constituted by several radio frequency (RF) sensors. It is an energy-intensive task, especially when the RF sensors work in traditional work mode, in which the sensors directly send raw RSS measurements of all links to a base station (BS). The traditional work mode is unfavorable for the power constrained RF sensors because the amount of data delivery increases dramatically as the number of sensors grows. In this paper, we propose a binary work mode in which RF sensors send the link states instead of raw RSS measurements to the BS, which remarkably reduces the amount of data delivery. Moreover, we develop two localization methods for the binary work mode which corresponds to stationary and moving target, respectively. The first localization method is formulated based on grid-based maximum likelihood (GML), which is able to achieve global optimum with low online computational complexity. The second localization method, however, uses particle filter (PF) to track the target when constant snapshots of link stats are available. Real experiments in two different kinds of environments were conducted to evaluate the proposed methods. Experimental results show that the localization and tracking performance under the binary work mode is comparable to the those in traditional work mode while the energy efficiency improves considerably.
Optimization of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows for Cold Chain Logistics Based on Carbon Tax
Authors: Wang Songyi , Tao Fengming , Shi Yuhe , Wen Haolin
Published: April 2017

In order to reduce the cost pressure on cold-chain logistics brought by the carbon tax policy, this paper investigates optimization of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time windows for cold-chain logistics based on carbon tax in China. Then, a green and low-carbon cold chain logistics distribution route optimization model with minimum cost is constructed. Taking the lowest cost as the objective function, the total cost of distribution includes the following costs: the fixed costs which generate in distribution process of vehicle, transportation costs, damage costs, refrigeration costs, penalty costs, shortage costs and carbon emission costs. This paper further proposes a Cycle Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CEGA) to solve the model. Meanwhile, actual data are used with CEGA to carry out numerical experiments in order to discuss changes of distribution routes with different carbon emissions under different carbon taxes and their influence on the total distribution cost. The critical carbon tax value of carbon emissions and distribution cost is obtained through experimental analysis. The research results of this paper provide effective advice, which is not only for the government on carbon tax decision, but also for the logistics companies on controlling carbon emissions during distribution.
Upregulation of miRNA-4776 in Influenza Virus Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Downregulation of NFKBIB and Increased Viral Survival
Authors: Othumpangat Sreekumar , Bryan Nicole , Beezhold Donald , Noti John
Published: April 2017

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One key transcription factor that is activated upon IAV infection is nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB regulation involves the inhibitor proteins NF-κB inhibitor beta (NFKBIB), (also known as IκB β), which form complexes with NF-κB to sequester it in the cytoplasm. In this study, microarray data showed differential expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) on exposure to IAV. Target scan analysis revealed that miR-4776, miR-4514 and miR-4742 potentially target NFKBIB messenger RNA (mRNA). Time-course analysis of primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) showed that miR-4776 expression is increased within 1 h of infection, followed by its downregulation 4 h post-exposure to IAV. NFKBIB upregulation of miR-4776 correlated with a decrease in NFKBIB expression within 1 h of infection and a subsequent increase in NFKBIB expression 4 h post-infection. In addition, miRNA ago-immunoprecipitation studies and the three prime untranslated region (3’ UTR) luciferase assay confirmed that miR-4776 targets NFKBIB mRNA. Furthermore, uninfected HBEpCs transfected with miR-4776 mimic showed decreased expression of NFKBIB mRNA. Overexpression of NFKBIB protein in IAV infected cells led to lower levels of IAV. Taken together, our data suggest that miRNA-4776 modulates IAV production in infected cells through NFKBIB expression, possibly through the modulation of NF-κB.
Using Remote Sensing Data to Parameterize Ice Jam Modeling for a Northern Inland Delta
Authors: Zhang Fan , Mosaffa Mahtab , Chu Thuan , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich
Published: April 2017

The Slave River is a northern river in Canada, with ice being an important component of its flow regime for at least half of the year. During the spring breakup period, ice jams and ice-jam flooding can occur in the Slave River Delta, which is of benefit for the replenishment of moisture and sediment required to maintain the ecological integrity of the delta. To better understand the ice jam processes that lead to flooding, as well as the replenishment of the delta, the one-dimensional hydraulic river ice model RIVICE was implemented to simulate and explore ice jam formation in the Slave River Delta. Incoming ice volume, a crucial input parameter for RIVICE, was determined by the novel approach of using MODIS space-born remote sensing imagery. Space-borne and air-borne remote sensing data were used to parameterize the upstream ice volume available for ice jamming. Gauged data was used to complement modeling calibration and validation. HEC-RAS, another one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, was used to determine ice volumes required for equilibrium jams and the upper limit of ice volume that a jam can sustain, as well as being used as a threshold for the volumes estimated by the dynamic ice jam simulations using RIVICE. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that morphological and hydraulic properties have great impacts on the ice jam length and water depth in the Slave River Delta.
Gianfranco Contini et l'approche de l'œuvre in fieri
Authors: Perrus Claude
Published: April 2017

Inventeur d'une critique des variantes (et non plus seulement des versions successives) ancrée dans la linguistique mais se référant également à une conception de la poétique inspirée de Mallarmé et Valéry, Gianfranco Contini déploie une étude conceptuelle de ces variantes fondée sur la notion de "système" (soit un réseau de connexions toujours en transformation). La communication rappelle les étapes et les concepts successifs sur lesquels repose la méthode continienne (la "valeur", l'implication, la Compensation, la notion de "présence" de l'auteur...).
L'amitié au couvent
Authors: Abbruzzetti Véronique
Published: April 2017

L'amitié au couvent

Par l'étude de deux textes monastiques, la Règle du Maître du vie siècle et L'Amitié spirituelle du moine cistercien anglais JEired de Rievaulx (xne siècle), cet article vise à montrer l'évolution de la conception monas¬ tique de l'amitié. Dans la Règle du Maître , l'amitié s'insère dans un cadre normatif, elle contribue à forger une discipline. Elle est intégrée dans un discours législatif, qui vise à ordonner et préserver la cohésion — et l'obéis¬ sance -de la communauté monastique. Le traité, dialogué, dTElred Rie¬ vaulx est une relecture du De amicitia de Cicéron qui propose une concep¬ tion nouvelle de l'amitié : par son christo-centrisme affirmé, et qui est profondément ressenti par le cistercien, ce traité donne pleinement sa place à l'homme, à qui il redonne l'espérance, en affirmant le rôle déter¬ minant de l'amitié comme «échelon vers l'amour et la connaissance de Dieu », comme voie d'accès au salut.
«Divers» de quoi ? Le fait divers dans le Décaméron
Authors: Fontes-Baratto Anna
Published: April 2017

«Diverso» da cosa ? Il fait divers nel Decameron.

Postulando un'equivalenza, seppur indebita, tra les faits divers e i «casi vari» narrati nel Decameron, si può evincere, in seno a questa varietà, una diversità dovuta a un rapporto particolarmente stretto di contiguità temporale tra narrazione e narrato. Essa non è però reperibile nelle novelle, sempre situate prima della cesura introdotta dalla peste, bensì in tre segmenti del macrotesto che le inquadra : nella descrizione della peste con cui si apre l'Introduzione alla prima giornata ; nel resoconto del processo di elaborazione, eccezionalmente lungo e animato, del tema scelto per la settima giornata (quella delle beffe femminili) ; nei paragrafi finali della Conclusione dell'Autore. L'analisi di questi tre segmenti porta ad evidenziarne la funzione metatestuale, volta ad illustrare, nel percorso autoriale di scrittura e riscrittura, la centralità della resistenza che oppone il libro nel suo complesso — novelle, cornice e interventi dell'Autore — all'inesorabile dilagare della peste, sia essa patologica o metaforica.
Rhétorique du fait divers chez Sandro Veronesi
Authors: Boulé-Basuyau Anne
Published: April 2017

Retorica del fait divers in Sandro Veronesi : dal paradosso al palindromo

Caos calmo, pubblicato nel 2005 da Sandro Veronesi, permette di interessarsi alle rappresentazioni e alle funzioni del fait divers nella letteratura di finzione. L'esistenza del protagonista risulta radicalmente modificata da due fait divers simultanei, il cui racconto occupa il primo capitolo e le conseguenze tutto il resto del libro : all'inizio del romanzo, il protagonista salva una sconosciuta dall'annegamento mentre, nello stesso momento, la moglie di lui muore repentinamente a poche centinaia di metri da lì ; i 37 capitoli successivi raccontano l'insolito atteggiamento di quell'uomo di fronte al lutto, il proprio lutto e quello della figlia decenne.

L'interrogarsi sull'autenticità dei faits divers presenti nelle opere letterarie è spesso vano. Nella letteratura contemporanea, l'interesse sta nel modo con cui

lo scrittore fronteggia il modello giornalistico paraletterario : può liberarsene come Veronesi in Caos calmo , che fa a meno di quella mediazione, sia pure fittizia. Quanto ci interessa allora, è la maniera con la quale lo scrittore introduce e racconta l'evento «fait divers» e la funzione che gli affida nel proprio libro.

L'analisi della maniera con cui Veronesi si è appropriato e ha declinato il fait divers e le sue conseguenze permetterà di palesare l'onnipresenza nel testo della figura del paradosso e delle figure sorelle : antitesi e ossimoro, che sono altrettante immagini dello squilibrio e del disordine che hanno fatto irruzione nella vita del protagonista con il fait divers tragico. Una figura più discreta avrà però la meglio, permettendo all'uomo di uscire dall'impasse in cui si era adagiato :

il palindromo, introdotto all'inizio del romanzo dalla maestra della bambina per riflettere sul concetto di irreversibilità, torna nelle ultime pagine per significare che il ritorno all'ordine e alla normalità può e deve compiersi, per offrire insomma al romanzo il suo scioglimento.
Buzzati et Sciascia à l'épreuve de la torture
Authors: Amrani Sarah
Published: April 2017

Buzzati e Sciascia di fronte alla tortura. Letture di Manzoni cronista.

Prendendo lo spunto dall'analisi di Manzoni (in Storia della colonna infame, 1842), sia Buzzati (ne La colonna infame, 1962) che Sciascia (nell'introduzione a Storia della colonna infame, 1973 e ne La strega e il capitano, 1986) hanno consegnato una loro personale e moderna riflessione sul processo e sulla sentenza pronunciata, nel 1630, contro gli «untori» milanesi.

Sulla base di un esempio di ordinario esercizio della giustizia nel Seicento, entrambi propongono a distanza di secoli dal fatto e dalla lettura manzoniana di interrogare in un contesto contemporaneo, in funzione della propria sensibilità, le derive legate ai timori ancestrali della malattia e della morte, nonché di prendere in esame le questioni — attuali dal loro punto di vista — delle garanzie istituzionali e delle responsabilità individuali di fronte ai soprusi del potere, nella fattispecie quello giudiziario. Remoto fatto di cronaca, diventato per numerosi scrittori italiani da Pietro Verri in poi emblematico dell'accecamento della ragione collettiva, fatto esemplare per le notevoli ripercussioni avute, il processo detto degli «untori» evidenzia in Buzzati e Sciascia delle preoccupazioni civiche identiche, nonostante una ricezione risolutamente diversa dell'evento e un particolare impegno e radicamento nelle problematiche morali sollevate in modo specifico dal Novecento. Al di là di questo loro posizionamento singolare, le loro riscritture si ricongiungono per la loro portata e per l'attenzione data alla lezione manzoniana, che svela una originale vena «illuministica» meno sotterranea di quanto potrebbe prima sembrare nella tradizione letteraria italiana e in autori ritenuti del tutto opposti.
La vie effacée du poète dissident : Iacopone et le «peuple» à Todi
Authors: Montefusco Antonio
Published: April 2017

Le processus de contrôle de la population et de l'orthodoxie, que les institutions laïques et ecclésiastiques mettent en œuvre, de façon significativement parallèle, au XIVe siècle, avait accompagné, au XIIIe siècle, l'émergence et l'affirmation, en Italie, de la culture en langue vernaculaire. Des phases de conflit (autour du concile de Lyon II, à cause de la recrudescence des luttes entre factions dans les Communes ou pendant le pontificat de Boniface VIII) marquent cette affirmation d'une manière qui n'a pas encore été étudiée en profondeur. A partir du constat de ces interactions, l'auteur de cette contribution avance une hypothèse concernant l'itinéraire biographique du poète franciscain de Todi, Iacopone. Se rapportant aux études récentes sur l'évolution politique de cette Commune ombrienne, l'auteur attribue à Iacopone un rôle de protagoniste dans l'expérience du "primo popolo" à Todi et considère que cette expérience a marqué son existence de religieux et de poète lié à la dissidence franciscaine, au moment précisément où Todi resserrait ses liens avec la papauté et mettait en place un modèle politique original. Cela ressort notamment de la présence, dans la poésie de Iacopone, d'un lexique et d'un imaginaire de l'exclusion qui traverse toute sa production, anticipant la nouveauté, bien problématique, de l'approche dantesque de l'exil, revendiqué en tant qu'élément constitutif de l'auctor.
L'épopée des usciti dans le Centiloquio de Antonio Pucci
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia
Published: April 2017

Nel proemio del Centiloquio., Antonio Pucci indica apertamente l'opera che è la fonte storica della sua narrazione : la Nuova Cronica di Giovanni Villani. L'autore esplicita anche il motivo della trasposizione in versi della cronaca del suo concittadino : il «diletto » che i lettori potranno trarre dalla sua opera faciliterà la memorizzazione del contenuto. Quest'intenzione si traduce in un lungo racconto della storia di Firenze, il cui titolo e la cui forma metrica -la terzina di endecasillabi - sono inoltre un omaggio, seppur indiretto, a Dante, illustre precursore e concittadino. La storia e le passioni fiorentine forniscono a Pucci la materia di una narrazione che assume toni epici. La costruzione di tale "voce" narrante costituisce l'oggetto di questo contributo.
«Di questo tempestoso mare stella» : la Stella maris dans la poésie italienne, religieuse et profane, des XIIIe et XIVe siècles
Authors: Le Lay Cécile
Published: April 2017

Cette recherche porte sur les croisements de sens possibles entre la Stella maris (appellation de la Vierge Marie, qui se réfère à la navigatio de 1 'homo viator exilé) et les images de l'étoile dans la poésie lyrique italienne profane des XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Après avoir retracé brièvement l'histoire de cette appellation mariale, l'article analyse les occurrences du topos lyrique (dans un corpus qui s'étend de l'Ecole sicilienne à Pétrarque) de la dame-étoile servant de guide pour une traversée métaphorique. Sont en particulier examinés les passages où l'aiguille aimantée de la boussole (instrument de navigation récemment pris en compte par les poètes) introduit une variante dans le topos courtois qui compare la toute-puissance d'Amour (ou de la dame) à l'attraction irrésistible de l'aimant sur le fer. Les parallèles et les distinctions ainsi établis permettent d'enrichir la compréhension des textes examinés, tout en soulignant la fécondité persistante des champs sémantiques liés à l'exil.
Le corps exilé dans le Décaméron : corpus alienum
Authors: Robin Anne
Published: April 2017

Partendo dall'ipotesi che, nel Decameron, la visione che Boccaccio ha dell'esilio si esprima nella rappresentazione del corpo esiliato, l'autore di questo contributo inizia con l'evidenziare le caratteristiche di questa rappresentazione, per interpretarla poi secondo un approccio ispirato all'antropologia storica. Ne risulta che la peregrinazione non costituisce per Boccaccio un aspetto fondamentale dell'esilio, contrariamente all'alienazione economica e sentimentale. Ma l'insegnamento più importante che si può trarre dalla rappresentazione boccacciana riguarda l'identità. Mutando abbigliamento e fisionomia, l'esule perde la propria identità, subisce una metamorfosi completa dell'essere che ha per esito finale il raggiungimento di uno stato animale o addirittura la morte, due stati diversi, ma la cui caratteristica comune è l'appartenenza al non umano. Sottraendo l'uomo alla socialità, l'esilio nel Decameron distrugge l'identità e l'umanità.
Gastronomy Attractions in Amish Country: A View of Push and Pull Motivations to Visit
Authors: Khanna Ramandyal , Israeli Aviad
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate decisions to visit Amish County (Ohio, USA)—a popular tourist destination with a rich culture and a variety of attractions that include gastronomy and nongastronomy attractions. The study evaluated two main issues: the effects push and
pull factors had on customers' decisions to visit the destination and visitors' decisions to visit gastronomy attractions in the destination. The findings show that pull factors are more important than push factors in motivating a visit. The analysis also reveals that the preferences to visit
gastronomy attractions can be divided to two main groups: the first group included visits to gastronomy attractions that mix culture and gastronomy and consuming food at these attractions. The second group included visits to gastronomy attractions that present food production or information
about food. The study provides an interesting view of categories of gastronomy attractions and it concludes with practical suggestions to focus on marketing gastronomy sites by combining culture and gastronomy and by focusing on the experience they offer (e.g., consuming food or learning about
food).
Experiences With Local Food in a Mature Tourist Destination: The Importance of Consumers' Motivations
Authors: Almeida António , Garrod Brian
Published: April 2017

This article investigates the role of food in the tourism experience, particularly in destinations that are not famous for their food offer and where the local gastronomy is not a primary motivation for tourist visits. Factorial analysis and cluster analysis were applied to data collected
on the food preferences and dining behavior of 392 tourists staying in hotels in Madeira. Although most tourists to Madeira could not be described as "food tourists," motivations to visit the islands nevertheless overlap with motivations to eat traditional local food once they have arrived.
Eating local foods may be either a "peak" experience or a "secondary" experience for tourists, but these roles are not fixed and may be reassigned. The results highlight the need for destination marketing organizations to pay more attention to the link between destination image and food consumption.
Well-directed marketing efforts can turn low-value "secondary" experiences of sampling the local cuisine into more high-value "peak" experiences. The study identifies and describes three clusters of tourists based on their level of engagement with local food. Such information can assist destination
stakeholders make the most of the Madeira's unique food offer. This could involve providing the right context for "secondary" food experiences to be transformed into "peak" food experiences. An improved understanding is provided of the actual and potential role of food in directly providing
or indirectly supporting the tourism experience, especially in destinations where the local gastronomy is not a primary motivation to visit.
Insight into “Changing-look” AGN Mrk 1018 from the Fe Kα Line: The Reprocessing Gas Has Yet to Fully Respond to the Fading of the AGN
Authors: LaMassa Stephanie M. , Yaqoob Tahir , Kilgard Roy
Published: April 2017

Mrk 1018 is a “changing-look” active galactic nucleus (AGN) whose optical spectrum transitioned from a Type 1.9 to a Type 1 between 1979 and 1984, and then back to a Type 1.9 in 2015. This latest transition was accompanied by a decrease in X-ray flux. We analyze the Chandra spectra from 2010 and 2016 and NuSTAR spectra from 2016, with a careful treatment of pileup in the Chandra spectrum from 2010, and self-consistently model absorption, reflection, and Fe Kα line emission in the X-ray spectra from 2016. We demonstrate that while the 2–10 keV X-ray flux decreased by an order of magnitude (1.46

–

erg s−1 cm−2), the Fe Kα equivalent width (EW) increased from

to

keV due to a depressed AGN continuum. We jointly fit the Chandra and NuSTAR spectra from 2016 using the physically motivated MYTorus model, and find that the torus orientation is consistent with a face-on geometry and that lines of sight intersecting the torus are ruled out. While we measure no line-of-sight absorption, we do measure a column density of

cm−2 for gas out of the line of sight that reprocesses the X-ray emission. We find a high relative normalization between the Compton-scattered emission and transmitted continuum, which is indicative of time lags between the primary X-ray source and reprocessing gas. We predict that the Fe Kα line will respond to the decrease in AGN flux, which would manifest as a decrease in the Fe Kα EW.
Hidden Broad-line Regions in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: From the Spectropolarimetric Perspective
Authors: Du Pu , Wang Jian-Min , Zhang Zhi-Xiang
Published: April 2017

The hidden broad-line regions (BLRs) in Seyfert 2 galaxies, which display broad emission lines (BELs) in their polarized spectra, are a key piece of evidence in support of the unified model for active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the detailed kinematics and geometry of hidden BLRs are still not fully understood. The virial factor obtained from reverberation mapping of type 1 AGNs may be a useful diagnostic of the nature of hidden BLRs in type 2 objects. In order to understand the hidden BLRs, we compile six type 2 objects from the literature with polarized BELs and dynamical measurements of black hole masses. All of them contain pseudobulges. We estimate their virial factors, and find the average value is 0.60 and the standard deviation is 0.69, which agree well with the value of type 1 AGNs with pseudobulges. This study demonstrates that (1) the geometry and kinematics of BLR are similar in type 1 and type 2 AGNs of the same bulge type (pseudobulges), and (2) the small values of virial factors in Seyfert 2 galaxies suggest that, similar to type 1 AGNs, BLRs tend to be very thick disks in type 2 objects.
Making Terrestrial Planets: High Temperatures, FU Orionis Outbursts, Earth, and Planetary System Architectures
Authors: Hubbard Alexander
Published: April 2017

Current protoplanetary dust coagulation theory does not predict dry silicate planetesimals, in tension with the Earth. While remedies to this predicament have been proposed, they have generally failed numerical studies, or are in tension with the Earth’s (low, volatility dependent) volatile and moderately volatile elemental abundances. Expanding on the work of Boley et al., we examine the implications of molten grain collisions and find that they may provide a solution to the dry silicate planetesimal problem. Furthermore, the source of the heating, whether it be a hot inner disk or an FU Orionis scale accretion event, would dictate the location of the resulting planetesimals, potentially controlling subsequent planetary system architectures. We hypothesize that systems that did undergo FU Orionis scale accretion events host planetary systems similar to our own, while ones that did not undergo such an accretion event instead host very close in, tightly packed planets such as those seen by Kepler.
Metabolic Profiles of Individuals Switched to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy after Failing Standard First-Line Therapy for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection in a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Yao Amanda H , Moore Cecilia L , Lim Poh Lian , Molina Jean-Michel , Madero Juan Sierra , Kerr Stephen , Mallon Paddy WG , Emery Sean , Cooper David A , Boyd Mark A ,   the SECOND-LINE study group
Published: April 2017

Background

To investigate metabolic changes associated with second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) following virological failure of first-line ART.

Methods

SECOND-LINE was an open-label randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with 2–3 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N[t]RTI group) or raltegravir (RAL group). 210 participants had a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-scan at baseline, week 48 and 96. We categorized participants according to second-line ART backbone: thymidine analogue (ta-NRTI) + lamivudine/emtricitabine (3[F]TC; ta-NRTI group); tenofovir (TDF)+3(F)TC (TDF group); TDF+ta-NRTI ±3(F)TC (TDF+ta-NRTI group); RAL. Changes in fasted total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides and glucose from baseline to week 96 were examined. We explored the association between metabolic and DXA-assessed soft-tissue changes. Linear regression methods were used.

Results

We analysed 454 participants. Participants in RAL group had greater TC increases, TC (adjusted mean difference [aMD]=0.65, 95% CI 0.33, 0.96), LDL-c (aMD=0.38, 95% CI 0.15, 0.61) and glucose (aMD=0.47, 95% CI -0.01, 0.92) compared to TDF group, and had greater increases in TC (aMD=0.65, 95% CI 0.28, 1.03), HDL-c (aMD=0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.23) and LDL-c (aMD=0.41, 95% CI 0.13, 0.69) compared to TDF+ta-NRTI group. TC/HDL ratio and triglycerides increased in all groups without significant differences between groups. A 1 kg increase in trunk fat mass was associated with an increase in TC.

Conclusions

We observed metabolic changes of limited clinical significance in the relatively young population enrolled in this study. However, the metabolic changes observed may have greater clinical significance in older people living with HIV or those with other concomitant cardiovascular risks.
De l’anthropologie de la vendetta en temps de « crise totale »
Authors: Bardhoshi Nebi , Muller Sylvie
Published: April 2017

L’objectif de cet article est double. Il propose non seulement d’examiner le rapport qui existe entre la « crise totale » (étatique, sociale, identitaire, scientifique, etc.) traversée par l’Albanie postsocialiste et la production de connaissances sur la société albanaise par l’anthropologie contemporaine, mais de l’examiner au travers de la question de la vendetta. Dominant à la fois la production du savoir et les pratiques étatiques, la vendetta a été le centre autour duquel l’interprétation de la loi coutumière et de la société albanaise a gravité pendant longtemps. La thèse de l’auteur est que les anthropologues contemporains, albanais comme étrangers, sont toujours influencés par les catégories du primitivisme juridique, créées principalement dans le cadre des études indo‑européennes. Or, l’anthropologie de la vendetta devrait toujours prendre en compte la relation entre l’État et la société, afin de saisir la signification de cette pratique et ses effets sur la culture. Car, en se projetant sur la société, l’État moderne joue le rôle d’agent principal de transformation sociale et culturelle.
Récits de Raqqa, la nuit
Authors: Florino Maya
Published: April 2017

Résumé Partir, rester, revenir.
Recycler : une crise du sens
Authors: Liboiron Max , Vermeersch Laure
Published: April 2017

Résumé Propos orduriers
Embarras du pouvoir et choix d’ennemis
Authors: Scott Diane
Published: April 2017

Résumé Je suis X
Prototype Development of Mobile App for Trilingual Islamic Banking and Finance Glossary of Terms via iOS and Android Based Devices
Authors: Bin Dollah Hanafi , Md Ghalib Mohd Feham , Sahrir Muhammad Sabri Bin , Hassan Rusni , Zakaria Abdul Wahab , Omar Zakaria
Published: April 2017

The existing use of mobile technology nowadays can be integrated with various forms of learning materials such as electronic books and digital references in a form of dictionary or encyclopaedia. The expansion of Islamic banking practices through various local financial institutions which received vast attention nowadays by educationists and learners for instance, leads to the need in understanding the terminologies used in the industry. In view of this scenario, the paper shed some light on using a workable model for developing a purposeful mobile Islamic banking terminology glossary application in a more convenient way via mobile devices such as iPhone, iPad or any Android-based smart gadgets. The mobile terminology glossary app was designed by using a developmental research design using via rapid prototype instructional design model. The process begun with a need analysis conducted among 225 respondents in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) It further explored the prototype development and its implementations for mobile accessibility by providing multilingual glossary of Islamic banking and finance terminologies (Malay-Arabic-English). This paper reports the findings design and development prototype based on the need analysis stage, inclusive of mapping users’ device type, Internet accessibility, reasons for owning mobile devices, delivery and user interface, and preferred features to be embedded in the mobile app.
Improvement of Adaptive Load Balanced Gateway Discovery Protocol in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET
Authors: Zaman Rafi U , Alam Humaira M , Khan Khaleel Ur Rahman , Reddy A. Venugopal
Published: April 2017

Internetworking of different types of networks is envisaged as one of the primary objectives of the future 5G networks. Integrated Internet-MANET is a heterogeneous networking architecture which is the result of interconnecting wired Internet and wireless MANET. Multiprotocol gateways are used to achieve this interconnection. There are two types of Integrated Internet-MANET architectures, two-tier and three-tier. A combination of two-tier and three tier architectures also exists, called the Hybrid Framework or Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET. Some of the most important issues common to all Integrated Internet-MANET architecture are: efficient gateway discovery, mobile node registration and gateway load balancing. Adaptive WLB-AODV is an existing protocol which addresses the issues of Gateway load balancing and efficient Gateway discovery. In this paper, an improvement is proposed to Adaptive WLB-AODV, called Adaptive Modified-WLV-AODV by taking into account route latency. The proposed protocol has been implemented in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET and has been simulated using network simulation tool ns-2. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed protocol delivers better performance than the existing protocol in terms of performance metrics end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio.  The performance of the proposed protocol is further optimized using a genetic algorithm.
Camondolar
Authors: Şeni Nora , Le Tarnec Sophie
Published: April 2017

Camondolar 19. yüzyıl boyunca finans, kültür ve sanat alanlarında birçok başarıya imza atmış bir aile. Yabancı fin an s kaynaklarıyla Osmanlı Sarayı arasında bir köprü oluşturan bu aile aynı zamanda Galata, Pera, Karaköy ve Tophane semtlerinin yeniden imarına öncülük etmiş ve şehrin bugünkü çehresine kavuşmasına da katkıda bulunmuştur. Yahudi cemaati için yaptıkları modern eğitim çabalarıyla adlarından söz ettiren Camondolar, bir dönem İstanbul'da zenginliğin ve modernliğin simgesi olmuşlardı. 1869'da Paris'e göç eden aile, kısa zamanda burada da İtibar kazanmış ve özellikle sanat hamisi olarak ünlenmiştîr. Paris'in en önemli kültür merkezlerinden olan Champs-Elysees Tiyatrosu ve 18. yüzyıl sanatının seçkin örneklerinin sergilendiği Nissim-de-Camondo Müzesi, ailenin Paris sanat dünyasına kazandırdıkları arasındadır. Isaac de Camondo'nun Louvre Müzesi'ne hibe ettiği ve Degas, Monet, Manet gibi empresyonist ressamların başyapıtlarından oluşan elli tabloluk koleksiyon da müzeye yapılan en büyük kişisel hibe olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Bu başarılara rağmen, Camondo ailesinin hikâyesi bir esrar perdesiyle örtülüdür. Ne olmuştur da bu itibarlı aile unutulup gitmiş, müşterek hafızadan silinmiştir? Nora Şeni ve Sophİe Le Tarnec akıcı bir anlatımla kaleme aldıkları bu kitapta belgelere dayanarak “Camondo esran”nı çözüyorlar.
Determination of a Key Antigen for Immunological Intervention To Target the Latent Stage of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sa Qila , Ochiai Eri , Tiwari Ashish , Mullins Jeremi , Shastri Nilabh , Mercier Corinne , Cesbron-Delauw Marie-France , Suzuki Yasuhiro
Published: April 2017

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, establishes a chronic infection by forming cysts preferentially in the brain. Up to one third of the human population worldwide is estimated to be chronically infected with this parasite. However, there is currently no drug effective against the cyst form of the parasite. In addition, the protective immunity against the cysts remains largely unknown. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which the immune system detects host cells harboring the cysts to eliminate the latent stage of the parasite using mice with the H-2d haplotype, which are genetically resistant to the infection. Our study revealed that CD8+ immune T cells bearing TCR Vβ8.1, 8.2 chain have a potent activity to remove T. gondii cysts from the brain. Our studies also uncovered that H-2Ld is the major Ag-presenting molecule to CD8+ T cells for initiating cyst elimination, and that CD8+Vβ8.1, 8.2+ immune T cells recognize the N-terminal region (aa 41–152) of dense granule protein 6 (GRA6Nt) of the parasite presented by the H-2Ld molecule. Furthermore, CD8+ immune T cells induced by immunization with recombinant GRA6Nt were eventually capable of removing the cysts from the brain when transferred to infected immunodeficient mice lacking T cells. Thus, GRA6Nt is a novel and potent Ag to activate CD8+ T cells capable of removing T. gondii cysts. These observations offer a basis for immunological intervention to combat chronic infection with T. gondii by targeting the persistent cysts of the parasite.