bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantizing nanolaminates as versatile materials for optical interference coatings
Authors: Steinecke Morten , Badorreck Holger , Jupé Marco , Willemsen Thomas , Hao Liu , Jensen Lars , Ristau Detlev
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the theoretical foundation of quantizing nanolaminates is explained, and the dependence of the optical band gap on quantum-well thickness is demonstrated. The production is investigated by applying molecular dynamics growth simulation and by correlating the results with layers deposited by ion beam sputtering and atomic layer deposition. The properties of manufactured nanolaminates are then compared to the theoretical behavior, and good agreement is found.
Optical properties of chain inverted pyramids on silicon
Authors: Chen Quansheng , Liu Yaoping , Tang Hanbo , Wang Yan , Chen Wei , Wu Juntao , Zhao Yan , Du Xiaolong
Published: January 2020

Pyramidal structures, including upright pyramids and inverted pyramids (IPs), are commonly used as light-trapping structures for silicon solar cells and silicon photodetectors. In this paper, the possible ray propagation paths in a pyramidal structure are analyzed by establishing a mathematical model in which up to seven ray paths may exist either in a regular or random pyramidal structure. To reduce the reflectivity, the proportion of the quadruple bounce should be increased because of its lower reflectivity. Therefore, a chain IP structure with a quadruple bounce proportion of 10.33% is proposed, of which the overlap value Δx/wis 0.4. According to theoretical ray-tracing calculations, the weighted average reflectivity is reduced by 0.75% compared to that of a random IP structure. Experimentally, chain IP structures are fabricated from the surface line damage produced by the diamond wire sawing of a silicon wafer as a mask, and the reflectivity of the structures is 0.80% lower than that of a random IP structure. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both show that the chain IP structure has better optical properties than the random IP structure, indicating promising prospects for the abovementioned applications.
Temperature self-compensation strain sensor based on cascaded concave-lens-like long-period fiber gratings
Authors: Zhang Yunshan , Zhang Yanxin , Zhang Weigang , Yu Lin , Kong Lingxin , Yan Tieyi , Chen Lei
Published: January 2020

A robust, novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer strain sensor is designed and experimentally implemented. The sensor consists of two concave-lens-like long-period fiber gratings and is engraved by the high frequency

C
O

2

laser. The concave-lens-like grids can excite higher-order cladding modes to interfere with the fundamental mode, which increases the light-material contact. The excellent interference spectra are obtained and analyzed theoretically. The experimental results show that the strain sensitivity of the sensor can reach 0.011 dB/µ

ε

in the range of 0–2160 µ

ε

. The resolution of the sensor is up to 0.91 µ

ε

. Moreover, the temperature crosstalk can be self-compensated by monitoring a pair of split interfering dips. These outstanding characteristics make it very suitable as a candidate for strain measurement.
Michelson-interferometric-configuration-based incoherent digital holography with a geometric phase shifter
Authors: Choi Kihong , Hong Keehoon , Park Joongki , Min Sung-Wook
Published: January 2020

The phase-shifting method is a simple and efficient approach to extract complex hologram information free of bias and twin-image noise. In this study, the geometric phase-shifting method is utilized for a self-interference incoherent digital holographic recording system based on the Michelson-type interferometer. The phase-shifting module consists of a horizontal polarizer, and two achromatic quarter-wave plates are employed inside the interferometer, replacing conventional phase-shifting devices, such as the piezo-actuated mirror. Since the phase-shifting amount of the introduced method herein is theoretical, regardless of the input wavelength, the simultaneous recording of step-wise phase-shifted interferograms for different color channels is available. Therefore, the multi-color hologram recording is achieved with fewer numbers of exposures. The demonstration of multi-color hologram recording and reconstruction are presented to validate the proposed idea.
Plasmon coupling interactions and inhibition of nonlinear absorption in a complex system with Ag and Pt nanoparticles in silica
Authors: Bornacelli J. , Torres-Torres C. , Can-Uc B. , Rangel-Rojo R. , Oliver A.
Published: January 2020

The optical response exhibited by a complex hybrid system integrated by Pt ultrasmall fluorescent particles and plasmonic Ag nanoparticles is reported. The system was synthesized by coimplantation of Ag and Pt ions into a silica matrix followed by a proper thermal annealing. The energies and fluences were chosen in order to overlap the spatial regions of the Ag and Pt ion distributions below the silica surface. Optical absorption and emission spectroscopies show that the complex nanostructures exhibit an important plasmonic response, together with photoluminescence excited at 355 nm, which is enhanced when compared to the reference sample with only Pt particles. Off-resonance nonlinear transmission and Z-scan measurements were undertaken using ultrafast pulses. High-irradiance excitation at 1064 nm with picosecond pulses shows that the Pt or Ag nanoparticles exhibit a two-photon absorption effect, while the complex system shows the absence of any nonlinear absorption. Similar observations were made using femtosecond pulses at 800 nm wavelength. This inhibition of the two-photon absorption effect and enhancement in the emission of the complex hybrid samples by the synergic participation of Ag and Pt particles can be explained as a result of a plasmon coupling via the near-field interaction between plasmonic and emitting sources.
Extinction ratio and image accuracy of relayed-microgrid polarimetric imaging systems: theory and experiment
Authors: Sun Xueqian , Sun He , Wang Dejiang , Wang Rui , Cheng Chen , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2020

Herein we propose a polarimetric imaging system that uses a microgrid polarizer placed on the conjugate point of two telecentric optical paths, matching large polarizers with small sensors and thus effectively decreasing optical crosstalk and increasing imaging accuracy. We define a new parameter used to construct the high-precision polarization vector transfer model under crosstalk. Using the equivalent surface of the detector, we establish the relationship between focal shift and crosstalk ratio and obtain a multi-physical coupling mathematical model that accounts for the crosstalk ratio, extinction ratio, sensor error, target vector, and imaging accuracy of the system. The relayed-microgrid polarimetric imaging system is anticipated to be able to help identify objects of interest for remote sensing and military applications.
Three-dimensional label-free observation of individual bacteria upon antibiotic treatment using optical diffraction tomography
Authors: Oh Jeonghun , Ryu Jea Sung , Lee Moosung , Jung Jaehwang , Han SeungYun , Chung Hyun Jung , Park Yongkeun
Published: January 2020

Measuring alterations in bacteria upon antibiotic application is important for basic studies in microbiology, drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, and disease treatment. However, imaging and 3D time-lapse response analysis of individual bacteria upon antibiotic application remain largely unexplored mainly due to limitations in imaging techniques. Here, we present a method to systematically investigate the alterations in individual bacteria in 3D and quantitatively analyze the effects of antibiotics. Using optical diffraction tomography, in-situ responses of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to various concentrations of ampicillin were investigated in a label-free and quantitative manner. The presented method reconstructs the dynamic changes in the 3D refractive-index distributions of living bacteria in response to antibiotics at sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses using high harmonic generation in ZnO
Authors: Hollinger Richard , Hoff Dominik , Wustelt Philipp , Skruszewicz Slawomir , Zhang Yinyu , Kang Huipeng , Würzler Daniel , Jungnickel Tom , Dumergue Mathieu , Nayak Arjun , Flender Roland , Haizer Ludovit , Kurucz Máté , Kiss Balint , Kühn Sergei , Cormier Eric , Spielmann Christian , Paulus Gerhard G. , Tzallas Paraskevas , Kübel Matthias
Published: January 2020

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals offers a simple, affordable and easily accessible route to carrier-envelope phase (CEP) measurements, which scales favorably towards longer wavelengths. We present measurements of HHG in ZnO using few-cycle pulses at 3.1µm. Thanks to the broad bandwidth of the driving laser pulses, spectral overlap between adjacent harmonic orders is achieved. The resulting spectral interference pattern provides access to the relative harmonic phase, and hence, the CEP.
Tolerant, broadband tunable 2 × 2 coupler circuit
Authors: Wang Mi , Ribero Antonio , Xing Yufei , Bogaerts Wim
Published: January 2020

We propose a circuit design for a broadband tunable 2 × 2 waveguide coupler, consisting of a two-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer with electro-optic phase shifters in each stage. We demonstrate that such design can be configured as a tunable coupler with arbitrary coupling ratio and with a uniform response over 50-nm spectral range around 1550 nm. The design is also tolerant to fabrication variations that affect the coupling ratios of the directional couplers.
Visible nonlinear photonics via high-order-mode dispersion engineering
Authors: Zhao Yun , Ji Xingchen , Kim Bok Young , Donvalkar Prathamesh S. , Jang Jae K. , Joshi Chaitanya , Yu Mengjie , Joshi Chaitali , Domeneguetti Renato R. , Barbosa Felippe A. S. , Nussenzveig Paulo , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: January 2020

Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been realized in
chip-based nonlinear photonic devices for classical and quantum
applications in the near- and mid-infrared regimes. However, few
demonstrations have been realized in the visible and near-visible
regimes, primarily due to the large normal material group-velocity
dispersion (GVD) that makes it challenging to phase match third-order
parametric processes. In this paper, we show that exploiting
dispersion engineering of higher-order waveguide modes provides
waveguide dispersion that allows for small or anomalous GVD in the
visible and near-visible regimes and phase matching of four-wave
mixing processes. We illustrate the power of this concept by
demonstrating in silicon nitride microresonators a near-visible
mode-locked Kerr frequency comb and a narrowband photon-pair source
compatible with Rb transitions. These realizations extend applications
of nonlinear photonics towards the visible and near-visible regimes
for applications in time and frequency metrology, spectral
calibration, quantum information, and biomedical applications.
Broadband low loss and ultra-low crosstalk waveguide crossings based on a multimode interferometer for 840 nm operation
Authors: Nevlacsil Stefan , Muellner Paul , Sagmeister Martin , Kraft Jochen , Hainberger Rainer
Published: January 2020

Broadband low loss and ultra-low crosstalk waveguide crossings are a crucial component for photonic integrated circuits to allow a higher integration density of functional components and an increased flexibility in the layout. We report the design of optimized silicon nitride waveguide crossings based on multimode interferometer structures for intersecting light paths of TE/TE-like, TM/TM-like, and TE/TM-like polarized light in the near infrared wavelength region of 790 nm to 890 nm. The crossing design for diverse polarization modes facilitates dual polarization operation on a single chip. For all configurations the loss of a single crossing was measured to be ~0.05 dB at 840 nm. Within the 100 nm bandwidth losses stayed below 0.16 dB. The crosstalk was estimated to be on the order of −60 dB by means of 3D finite difference time domain simulations.
Multiple exceptional points in bulk parity-time symmetric optical media
Authors: Sun Lin-Shan , Zhao Bo , Yuan Jia-Qi , Zhang Ze-Zheng , Zhang Yan-Rong , Chen Jing
Published: January 2020

We study bulk optical modes in media with a parity-time symmetric permittivity tensor via the k-surface approach. We show that k-surfaces support multiple exceptional points (EPs), and the off-axial EPs can be manipulated by tuning the tensor elements. They merge into diabolic points if they have opposite handednesses, and annihilate each other otherwise. The underlying physical mechanisms and the potential applications are discussed.
From a rare inhabitant into a potential pest – status of the nun moth in Finland based on pheromone trapping
Authors: Melin Markus , Viiri Heli , Tikkanen Olli-Pekka , Elfving Riku , Neuvonen Seppo
Published: January 2020

Forests are affected by climate change in various ways. This includes abiotic factors such as droughts, but also biotic damage by pest insects. There are numerous examples from cases where pest insects have benefitted from longer growing seasons or from warmer summers. Similarly, new pest insects have been able to expand their range due to climatic conditions that have changed from hostile to tolerable. Such seems to be the case with the nun moth (), an important defoliator of coniferous trees in Europe. For centuries, the species has had massive outbreaks across Central-Europe, while it has been a rare inhabitant in Northern Europe. Recently, the nun moth population in Finland has not only expanded in range, but also grown more abundant. This research note describes the results from the first years (2018â2019) of a monitoring program that is being conducted with pheromone traps across central and southern Finland. So far, the northernmost individuals were trapped near the 64 N degrees. However, there were more southern locations where no moths were trapped. The species was present in every trapping site below the latitude of 62 N degrees. More importantly, at some sites the abundance of the nun moth suggested that local forest damage may already occur. Given the current climatic scenarios for Fennoscandia, it is likely that the nun moth populations will continue to grow, which is why systematic surveys on their abundance and range expansions will be topical.Lymantria monacha
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Preferentially Improves Overall Survival Among African Americans With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Gordon Stuart C. , Wu Kuan-Han Hank , Lindor Keith , Bowlus Christopher L. , Rodriguez Carla V. , Anderson Heather , Boscarino Joseph A. , Trudeau Sheri , Rupp Loralee B. , Haller Irina V. , Romanelli Robert J. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Schmidt Mark A. , Daida Yihe G. , Sahota Amandeep , Vincent Jennifer , Zhang Talan , Li Jia , Lu Mei ,   for the FOLD Investigators
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

We used data from the Fibrotic Liver Disease Consortium to evaluate the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment across race/ethnicity, gender, and clinical status among patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

METHODS:

Data were collected from “index date” (baseline) through December 31, 2016. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting was used to adjust for UDCA treatment selection bias. Cox regression, focusing on UDCA-by-risk factor interactions, was used to assess the association between treatment and mortality and liver transplant/death.

RESULTS:

Among 4,238 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (13% men; 8% African American, 7% Asian American/American Indian/Pacific Island [ASINPI]; 21% Hispanic), 78% had ever received UDCA. The final multivariable model for mortality retained age, household income, comorbidity score, total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and interactions of UDCA with race, gender, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ≥1.1. Among untreated patients, African Americans and ASINPIs had higher mortality than whites (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.67 and aHR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76, respectively). Among treated patients, this relationship was reversed (aHR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.86 and aHR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.67–1.16). Patterns were similar for liver transplant/death. UDCA reduced the risk of liver transplant/death in all patient groups and mortality across all groups except white women with aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ≥1.1. As compared to patients with low-normal bilirubin at baseline (≤0.4 mg/dL), those with high-normal (1.0 > 0.7) and mid-normal bilirubin (0.7 > 0.4) had significantly higher liver transplant/death and all-cause mortality.

DISCUSSION:

African American and ASINPI patients who did not receive UDCA had significantly higher mortality than white patients. Among African Americans, treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality. Regardless of UDCA treatment, higher baseline bilirubin, even within the normal range, was associated with increased mortality and liver transplant/death compared with low-normal levels.
EFFECT OF THE ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE MEDIATED PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON CYTOSKELETAL APPARATUS OF HELA CELLS
Authors: Hošíková Barbora , Binder Svatopluk , Lenobel René , Malohlava Jakub , Hošík Jakub , Jiravová Jana , Malina Lukáš , Zapletalová Jana , Kolářová Hana
Published: January 2020

This study deals with the utilization of photosensitizer (λmax ~ 660 nm) from the group of the phthalocyanines, in photodynamic therapy. Effect of the zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizer mediated photodynamic therapy was evaluated in vitro on the tumor cell line – HeLa (cervical cancer cells) using mass spectrometry and atomic force and fluorescent microscopy techniques.
Analysis of Neural Activity of the Human Basal Ganglia in Dystonia: a Review
Authors: Klempíř Ondřej , Krupička Radim
Published: January 2020

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus is an efective symptomatic treatment for pharmacoresistant dystonic syndromes, where pathophysiological mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for processing of microelectrode recordings in dystonia; in order to define biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit from the clinical deep brain stimulation. For this purpose, the essential elements of microelectrode processing are examined. Next, we investigate a real example of spike sorting processing in this field. Herein, we describe baseline elements of microrecordings processing including data collection, preprocessing phase, features computation, spike detection and sorting and finally, advanced spike train data analysis. This study will help readers acquire the necessary information about these elements and their associated techniques. Thus, this study is supposed to assist during identification and proposal of interesting clinical hypotheses in the field of single unit neuronal recordings in dystonia.
A PRECARIEDADE DO CONTEÚDO INFORMACIONAL DOS ANEXOS DE RISCOS FISCAIS DE MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de , Aquino André Carlos Busanelli de , Lino André Feliciano , Cavalmoretti Gabriel
Published: January 2020

A pesquisa analisou o conteúdo informacional do relatório chamado de ‘Anexo de Riscos Fiscais’ emitido por governos locais, enviado com a Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias às Câmaras Municipais para o debate orçamentário. A elaboração do relatório está no centro do debate sobre sustentabilidade fiscal de governos. Foram comparados os relatórios emitidos por 12 prefeituras municipais no período de 2011 a 2016. Selecionamos aleatoriamente 9 municípios (na faixa populacional entre 100 e 200 mil habitantes) dos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais, além das respectivas capitais. As evidências para os casos analisados indicam que, em geral, os indicadores de risco e as providências associadas são genéricos e não atualizados, e, portanto, com baixo conteúdo informacional. Os resultados apontam que a fiscalização superficial dos Tribunais de Contas na questão pode gerar incentivos para prefeituras apresentarem estes anexos de forma cerimonial, com o único objetivo de cumprir a legislação fiscal. Tanto as prefeituras de menor porte analisadas, quanto as capitais dos estados apresentam sinais de uma gestão de riscos inexistente. A apresentação cerimonial desses indicadores e providências pode indicar a provável inoperância na gestão de riscos nos casos analisados, e, portanto, uma baixa capacidade de antecipação de crises ou choques.
O EFEITO DO NÍVEL DE TRANSPARÊNCIA SOBRE A HETEROGENEIDADE DAS DÍVIDAS: UM ESTUDO EMPRESAS GANHADORAS E NÃO-GANHADORAS DO PRÊMIO DE TRANSPARÊNCIA ANEFAC-SERASA-EXPERIAN
Authors: Marques Vagner Antônio , Peixoto Nataniel Geraldo Mendes , Bicalho Erika Michelle da Silva , Amaral Hudson Fernandes
Published: January 2020

A estrutura de capital, apesar de exaustivamente discutida na literatura de Finanças, ainda tem intrigado os pesquisadores, pois seus achados, sobretudo no contexto brasileiro n apresentam consistência suficientes para se considerar esgotado o debate. Al disso, questões como a dispersão das fontes de financiamento utilizadas pelas empresas tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas, pois fatores econômicos e institucionais podem estimular uma maior ou menor dispersão dos tipos de dívida (Hackbarth, Hennesy e Leland, 2007). Adicionalmente, o nível de transparência um dos fatores com efeitos potenciais sobre a dispersão das fontes de financiamento, pois o maior ou menor acesso linhas de critérios pode se relacionar com o nível de assimetria entre usuários internos e externos (Verrecchia, 2001). Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito do nível de transparência sobre a heterogeneidade (homogeneidade) das fontes de financiamentos das empresas brasileiras. Para tanto, analisou-se dados de 49 empresas divididas em dois grupos (ganhadoras e não ganhadoras do Prêmio de Transparência ANEFAC-SERASA-EXPERIAN). Os dados coletados na BMF&BOVESPA e CVM foram analisados quantitativamente através da estatística descritiva e inferencial, especificamente, anise de regressão com dados em painel. Os resultados demonstraram que o nível de transparência afeta negativa e significativamente na homogeneidade. Quanto mais transparente, mais heterogênea a distribuição das fontes de capitais de terceiros. Esses achados sugerem uma maior confiança dos credores e/ou uma preferência dos gestores pela aplicação da Trade-off Theory implica em uma busca por uma maximização dos benefícios das dívidas e redução dos custos de falência podem estar associados aos resultados encontrados. Complementarmente, o nível de risco das empresas tem um efeito positivo na heterogeneidade das fontes de financiamento, ou seja, quanto mais arriscada, maior o número de tipos de dívidas contratadas dentre as diversas opções no mercado financeiro.
RESPONSABILIDADE AMBIENTAL, CUSTO DE CAPITAL, RISCO E ENDIVIDAMENTO
Authors: Martins Jessica Prado , Monte-mor Danilo Soares , Nossa Silvania Neris , Nossa Valcemiro
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da sinalização ambiental na estrutura de capital. A certificação ISO 14001 foi empregada como proxy de sinalização para o mercado de empresas que são comprometidas com sustentabilidade ambiental. Os dados coletados se referem ao período de 1995 a 2016, sendo a amostra final de 2365 firmas/ano. Utilizou-se um modelo “difference in difference” com efeito fixo para empresa, com o intuito de se estimar o efeito da obtenção da certificação na estrutura de capital, risco e nível de endividamento mediante a comparação de empresas que receberam a respectiva certificação do Sistema de Gestão Ambiental com empresas que não possuem tal certificação. Um Propensity Score Matching também foi efetuado para se mitigar um possível viés de auto-seleção. Os resultados sugerem que embora a adoção de práticas de gerenciamento exigidas pelos padrões ISO14001 não reduza em média o risco sistêmico das empresas, percebe-se alteração na estrutura de capital das empresas certificadas a partir da redução do custo de capital de terceiros e aumento da proporção da dívida de longo prazo.
RELEVÂNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DE CUSTO TOTAL PARA A TOMADA DE DECISÃO
Authors: Silva Lana de Abreu Batista , Silva Júlio Orestes da , Gonzaga Rosimeire Pimentel , Fehr Lara Cristina Francisco de Almeida
Published: January 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a influência da informação de Custo Total de Propriedade (TCO) na decisão de aquisição de automóveis pelos consumidores. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi construído um experimento no qual estimou-se o TCO de quatro veículos para uma vida útil estimada em cinco anos. A amostra final contou com 330 estudantes, formando dois grupos: o de controle (sem a informação de TCO) e o experimental (com a informação de TCO). Para a análise, utilizou-se a regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados evidenciaram que o indivíduo que tem a informação de TCO tende a fazer uma escolha distinta do que não tem. No grupo de controle, identificou-se que o consumidor coloca como elemento preponderante para escolha, o custo/benefício atribuído por ele ao automóvel, o que é específico para cada indivíduo que realiza a decisão. Conclui-se que, quando o indivíduo possui a informação de TCO, tende a escolher a opção de menor valor final. Porém atributos como confiança na marca são capazes de influenciar o consumidor a manter-se em opções que apresentam custo total mais elevados. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam com a prática ao evidenciar os fatores que afetam a decisão de compras de consumidores, gerando informações para gestão da produção e de custos das empresas produtoras, assim como em uma perspectiva mais ampla, abrangendo a cadeia de valor. Pretende-se contribuir também com a literatura, ampliando o conhecimento acerca do TCO, ao evidenciar a influência da informação do TCO na decisão de compra de automóveis.
Pemaknaan Cerpen Hitokui Neko Karya Murakami Haruki
Authors: Fadli Zaki Ainul
Published: January 2020

(Title: The Interpretasion of Murakami Haruki’s Hitokui Neko) This article aims to reveal the meaning of cats in the short story of Hitokui Neko. The method used is a structural method, namely by analyzing the basic narrative structure of the short story and the main marker of the short story. Then the interpretation of the meaning of the cat in a short story is carried out both in the first or second level interpretation. The results of the analysis show that there are three meanings of cats in the short story of Hitokui Neko. First, denotative-associative meaning. Cats are interpreted as pets, but are also used as associative meanings for children. The use of this associative meaning is used by Izumi when she wants to know the response of “I”  if Izumi is pregnant and then has children. Secondly, cats are denotative-neutral, meaning cats as human pets in general. The use of denotative-neutral meanings can be seen, among others, when “I” tells of his experience of losing his pet cat. Third, denotative-mystical meaning. This meaning appears in the hallucinations of “I”. A cat that is likened to a witch Macbeth appears as an antagonistic force that eats “I”  without resistance.
Nilai Sosial Dalam Cerpen Shabondama
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani
Published: January 2020

Shabondama is one of Yoshio Toyoshima's short stories that tells the story of a magician named Havons. Havons who is not willing to die of his son trying to restore his son's life with the help of a witch who gave him magic bubbles. With these bubbles Havons traveled while showing his magic.By using literature study approach this article will describe the social values during Havons' journey. Through the characters action and conflict this short story tried to implies a message of kindness to the surrounding community as a social values. As result it can be understood that  the characters in this short story teach social values that  refer to services between people, togetherness in life and  fair actions towards others. With these values Shabondama short story  has a social function as a literary work that teaches something in an entertaining way.
Seppuku: Kematian Terhormat dalam Tradisi Jepang
Authors: Suliyati Titiek
Published: January 2020

In modern times, the era after the Meiji Restoration, seppuku gradually disappeared when the samurai group was abolished. Although in Japan there are still people who commit seppuku and harakiri but the motivation, implementation methods and objectives are different from seppuku and harakiri in the era before the Meiji restoration. The changes and dynamics of Japanese society in conducting seppuku and harakiri are very interesting to study. The purpose of writing this article is to find out whether there is a correlation between seppuku tradition and the number of suicides in Japan at this time. To explore this correlation, the writing of this article uses a qualitative method with a historical approach. The stages of historical research begin with data collection (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation and writing of research results in the form of articles. The analysis was performed using qualitative methods which include data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the study concluded that there is no strong correlation between seppuku traditions in the past with suicide (jisatsu) that many Japanese do today. There is a difference in purpose, motivation and background in their suicide.
Pentingnya Konsep Diri Dalam Mensikapi Revolusi Jepang
Authors: Sudarsih Sri
Published: January 2020

Japan is a developed country that still upholds fundamental values which are then used as a basis for attitude and daily behavior. This research aims to examine the self-concept in responding to the Japanese revolution. This research is qualitative in philosophy. The method used is description and interpretation. The right self-concept becomes the main capital to be able to identify various national problems. The concept of self is something important in responding to the revolution of society in Japan. This appears in an open attitude to accept the reality of himself and other nations so that they are willing to learn in total to other more advanced nations. The result is that Japanese society has risen faster in its self-confidence and can catch up, moving ahead of developing more modern western nations. All this happened because all the officials until the people have a national commitment.
System pieczy zastępczej w Wielkiej Brytanii a polskie rodziny zastępcze
Authors: Walancik-Ryba Karolina
Published: January 2020

The article “Foster care system in Great Britain and Polish foster families” is devoted to the British system of foster care, which allows to create a foster family by Polish citizens. The article discusses the main principles on which the foster care and its forms are based. National standards and requirements for candidates to foster families were presented as well as issues related to the implementation of foster care, including these regarding support for foster parents and housing or financial requirements.
Balans na linie – kilka uwag o polskich reformach oświaty
Authors: Szymański Mirosław J.
Published: January 2020

The closer we get to our times, the more often school reforms take place in different countries. They are an attempt to respond to deep social changes. However, in most cases, these reforms are not veryeffective. The author gives examples of failed Polish educational reforms of the last half-century. It is noted that there was a large gap between the façade proclamations of the benefits that the announcedreforms were supposed to bring and their real effects. Therefore, the author puts forward a thesis that too often reformers play a confidence game and in fact the announced change in education means nochange in practice. Meanwhile, real, profound school reforms are essential, as society and the economy will increasingly need graduates educated to meet the needs of the 21 st century. They are supposed to be people who think critically, are creative, have high communication skills, and are focused on cooperation with others. For the preparation of such graduates to be possible, there needs to be a radical change in the concept of the school and in the way teachers work.
TEDARİK ZİNCİRİNDE SİPARİŞ İŞLEME SÜRECİ
Authors: DİNÇER Caner
Published: January 2020

Tedarik zinciri içerisinde, özellikle sipariş işleme sürecinde iletişim, haberleşme ve bilgi paylaşım teknolojilerinin kullanımı ve işletmeler arası işbirliğinin geliştirilmesi ile müşteri tatminini artırmak ve rekabetçi kalabilmek gibi amaçlar hedeflenir. Sipariş işleme, tedarik zinciri yönetiminde anahtar süreçlerden biridir. Tedarik zincirini harekete geçiren siparişlerin etkin ve verimli bir şekilde işlenmesi müşteri hizmetlerinin ilk adımlarındandır ve sipariş işleme sadece siparişin kayıt altına alınmasından ibaret değildir. Sipariş işleme maliyet minimizasyonunu sağlarken müşteri istek ve ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermeyi amaçlayan bir ağ ve sürecin tasarlanmasıdır. Bu süreç lojistik faaliyetlerin yanı sıra tedarikçi ve müşterilerin isteklerinin koordinasyonu gözetilerek uygulanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada sipariş işleme süreci, alt-süreçleri ve faaliyetleri ile İncelenmektedir.
SOSYAL DEĞİŞİM TEORİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET VE ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ VE GÜVENİN ILIMLAŞTIRICI ETKİSİ
Authors: DEMİR Nevzat
Published: January 2020

Çalışanlar yaptıkları işinin karşılığı olarak sadece yasal kazanımlar elde etmeyi beklemezler. Aynı zamanda yerine getirdikleri görevin, gösterdikleri iyi niyet ve iyiliğin karşılığının ödeneceğini de beklerler. Eğer bu beklentileri karşılanırsa, örgüte karşı -zarar görmeyecekleri konusunda- bir güven geliştirirler. İşte bu ortamda çalışanlar örgütün beklediği davranışlar dışında gönüllü davranışlar da sergileyeceklerdir. Elbette bu durum çalışanların örgütün ne kadar adil olduğuna dair inançlarından da etkilenecektir. Bu çalışma örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı sergilemede örgütsel adaletin katkısını ve güven düzeyinin artmasıyla bu katkının nasıl şekilleneceğini incelemektedir. Sonuçta örgütsel adalet algısının örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde açıklayıcı katkısı olduğu ancak güven düzeyinin sonuçlarda büyük fark yaratmadığı görülmüştür.
Microbiota-immune interactions: from gut to brain
Authors: Salvo-Romero Eloisa , Stokes Patricia , Gareau Mélanie G.
Published: January 2020

The vast diversity of bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract strongly influence host physiology, not only nutrient metabolism but also immune system development and function. The complexity of the microbiota is matched by the complexity of the host immune system, where they have coevolved to maintain homeostasis ensuring the mutualistic host-microbial relationship. Numerous studies in recent years investigating the gut-brain axis have demonstrated an important role for the gut microbiota in modulating brain development and function, with the immune system serving as an important coordinator of these interactions. Gut bacteria can modulate not only gut-resident immune cells but also brain-resident immune cells. Activation of the immune system in the gut and in the brain are implicated in responses to neuroinflammation, brain injury, as well as changes in neurogenesis and plasticity. Impairments in this bidirectional communication are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases and disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, or comorbidities associated with Gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, where dysbiosis is commonly seen. Consequently, probiotics, or beneficial microbes, are being recognized as promising therapeutic targets to modulate behavior and brain development by modulating the gut microbiota. Here we review the role of microbiota-immune interactions in the gut and the brain during homeostasis and disease and their impact on gut-brain communication, brain function, and behavior as well as the use of probiotics in central nervous system alterations.

Statement of novelty: The microbiota-gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized as an important physiological pathway for maintaining health and impacting the brain and central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system is crucial for gut-brain signaling. In this review, we highlight the critical studies in the literature that identify the key immune pathways involved.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy compared to Ultrasound in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rayegani Seyed Mansoor , Moradi-Joo Mohammad , Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad , Bahrami Mohammad Hasan , Seyed-Nezhad Maryam , Heidari Saeed
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that occurs in the wrist area in a space called the carpal tunnel. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ultrasound are among the most common methods of physical modalities for treating CTS; the effectiveness of these 2 methods and the superiority of one over the other are not agreed among experts. Methods: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis study, the most important databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Science Direct, Trip medical database and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords and specific strategies without time limitation to collect data. The collected data was analyzed using the meta-analytic method and the random-effects model. The heterogeneity among studies was examined using I2 . The data were analyzed using Review Manager Software. Results: From among 108 related studies, 49 cases were entered for the first stage. After the final examination, 6 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The total number of patients in these 6 studies was 403; 204 subjects were in the LLLT group and 199 subjects were in the ultrasound group. The results of the meta-analyses showed that there was no significant difference between these 2 therapeutic methods in terms of pain relief, symptom severity scale (SSS), functional status scale (FSS), motor latency, sensory latency, hand grip strength, and motor amplitude. Conclusion: Based on the meta-analyses, there was no significant difference between the 2 LLLT and ultrasound methods; in other words, they had similar effectiveness in improving the condition of patients with CTS. However, the authors believe that arriving at conclusions in this area requires high-quality and large size studies.
The Evaluation of Laser Application in Surgery: A Review Article
Authors: Khalkhal Ensieh , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid , Zali Mohammad Reza , Akbari Zahra
Published: January 2020

There are several types of surgeries which use lasers in the operating room. Surgeons use lasers in general surgery or surgical specialties to cut, coagulate, and remove tissue. In modern medicine, the application of laser therapy is an attractive subject due to its minimal invasive effect. Today lasers are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases such as various cancers, lithotripsy, ophthalmology, as well as dermatology and beauty procedures. Depending on the type of lasers, the wavelength and the delivery system, most lasers have replaced conventional surgical instruments for better wound healing results. Over time, by using many different tools and devices, new lasers have been created; as a result, they are used in a wide range of medical special cases. In this review, laser applications in surgery and its beneficial effects compared to previous surgeries with the aim of providing appropriate therapeutic and non-invasive solutions with minimal side effects after surgery are investigated.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cold Plasma Treatment on Acrylic Denture Bases: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Asnaashari Mohammad , Motamedi Salar , Asnaashari Negin , Azari-Marhabi Saranaz
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Cross-contamination between dental office and prosthetic laboratories is of utmost importance. The dental prosthesis could harbor tones of microorganisms harmful to health staff. It has been estimated that more than 60% of the prostheses delivered to clinics from laboratories or vice versa are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Several disinfection methods and chemicals have been proposed for sanitizing prostheses. Cold plasma, or nonthermal plasma, has been introduced as a new method in medical equipment disinfection. The current study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of cold plasma and the routinely used alcohol-based impression disinfectant ASEPTOPRINT® on disinfecting dentures. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 maxillary complete dentures were used as the microbial source. Dentures were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) cold plasma treatment for 30 seconds, (2) cold plasma for 60 seconds, (3) ASEPTOPRINT® spray. Microbial culturing was taken before and after disinfection in each group on both Blood Agar plates and Soborou Dextrose Agar (SDA) plates. After 48 hours incubation at 37°C, the number of colonies was counted using a digital colony counter and differences between the groups were analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in microbial colonies was observed after using all disinfection methods. ASEPTOPRINT® spray showed more antimicrobial effects comparing to cold plasma. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of ASEPTOPRINT® spray solution is more than cold plasma application on both microbial and fungal microorganisms. The time of plasma application was not accompanied by any significant differences in the results.
Assessment of the SRC Inhibition Role in the Efficacy of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Shahrokh Shabnam , Mansouri Vahid , Razzaghi Mohammadreza
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective therapeutic method for preventing the recurrence of breast cancer after surgery. The development and improvement of RT are of interest to scientists. Possible improvement of RT via study of dysregulated proteins of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 which is exposed to 10 Gray (Gy) radiation is aim of this study. Methods: Using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis by means of running Cytoscape software via the STRING database, the up-regulated proteins of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells irradiated by a single and fractioned 10 Gy 137Cs γ-radiation were analyzed. The network was analyzed by using the Network analyzer to characterize the central genes. The action map was mapped for the queried genes and the added neighbors via CluePedia-STRING ACTIONS-v10.5- 20.11.2017. Results: The 14 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) plus 10 neighbors interacted to construct a network. Among the 14 queried DEPs, FN1, CSPG4, LRP1, GSN, RTN4, and CTSD were highlighted as a complex set in the analysis. The analysis revealed that SRC as an added neighbor was activated by the critical DEPs. The activation of other oncogenes like AKT1 was also determined. Conclusion: The results indicate that the inhibition of SRC activity or the inhibition of its activators is a useful function of breast cancer RT
A Sexist Joke in Principia Mathematica
Authors: Griffin Nicholas
Published: January 2020

Attempts have recently been made (Blackwell, 2011; Berumen, 2014) to catalogue the humour in Principia Mathematica, but so far overlooked has been a joke in the symbolism of PM itself.
WeVideo: ¿Servicio en la nube útil para los estudiantes durante la construcción y presentación de los contenidos audiovisuales?
Authors: Salas-Rueda Ricardo-Adán , Salas-Silis José-Adán
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa analiza el impacto del servicio en la nube WeVideo durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los estudiantes de la asignatura Matemáticas Computacionales utilizan esta aplicación web con el propósito de construir y presentar diversos contenidos audiovisuales relacionados con los temas de Base de datos, Sistema ERP, Sistema CRM y Minería de datos. La muestra está conformada por 20 alumnos que cursan la Licenciatura en Gestión de Negocios y Tecnologías de Información en la Universidad La Salle México durante el ciclo escolar 2017. Este estudio mixto analiza el uso del servicio en la nube WeVideo en el campo educativo por medio de las siguientes variables: Asimilación del conocimiento, Utilidad, Interfaz web y Percepciones de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos indican que WeVideo es una herramienta idónea para el proceso educativo debido a que los universitarios presentan un rol activo en el aprendizaje durante la creación y presentación de los contenidos audiovisuales. En conclusión, las nuevas tecnologías facilitan la planeación e implementación de escenarios innovadores y creativos para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza.
Denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Gunawan Florence , George Elizabeth , Kotowicz Mark
Published: January 2020

Denosumab is a fully human MAB that acts as a potent anti-resorptive by inhibiting activation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) ligand. Hypocalcaemia has been reported as one of the serious adverse sequelae of use of denosumab. We present a case of refractory hypocalcaemia following administration of a single dose of denosumab in a patient with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The patient’s serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations and renal function were normal prior to denosumab administration. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was however elevated pre-morbidly consistent with known bone metastases. The patient was treated with high-dose oral and IV calcium without any appreciable response in serum calcium. During his 30-day hospital admission, he demonstrated disease progression with development of new liver metastases and bone marrow involvement. Normocalcaemia was not achieved despite 1 month of aggressive therapy. Given the patient was asymptomatic and prognosis guarded, he was eventually discharged for ongoing supportive care under the palliative care team.

Learning points:

Denosumab is a potent anti-resorptive therapy and hypocalcaemia is one of the known adverse effects.

Serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations must be replete prior to administration of denosumab to reduce the risk of hypocalcaemia.

Denosumab has been proven to be more effective than zoledronic acid in preventing skeletal-related adverse effects in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.