bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publicación de tesis de pregrado en una facultad de Medicina en Cusco, Perú
Authors: Atamari-Anahui Noé , Roque-Roque Joel Sack , Robles-Mendoza Raysa Amanda , Nina-Moreno Paul Isaac , Falcón-Huancahuiri Brenda Milagros
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de publicación de las tesis de pregrado de Medicina Humana de una Universidad estatal de Cusco (Perú), en revistas científicas indizadas, así como las características y el impacto de estas publicaciones. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo; se recolectaron todas las tesis de pregrado de la universidad mencionada entre el 2000 y 2012, se determinó si fueron o no publicadas en alguna revista científica, mediante una búsqueda realizada en Google Académico, Lilacs, Lipecs, SciELO y Medline. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se registraron 398 tesis de pregrado de Medicina Humana; fueron publicadas 20 (5,0%). Las bases de datos Lilacs (100,0%) y Lipecs (95,0%) fueron donde se encontraron la mayor cantidad de tesis. Solo una de las tesis fue publicada en una revista no peruana. Conclusiones: La tasa de publicación de las tesis fue baja en comparación con otros estudios nacionales.
Bodas de diamante: Las paradojas del tiempo.
Authors: Alarcón Renato
Published: February 2016

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El concepto de la muerte en el imaginario mexicano.
Authors: Villaseñor-Bayardo Sergio J. , Aceves Pulido Martha P.
Published: February 2016

Se examina el concepto de la muerte y elementos relacionados en el contexto de la cultura Nahua del antiguo México, antes y después de la conquista española. En términos generales, la muerte no era considerada un evento penoso o angustiante, aun cuando los poetas y artistas cantaban a la caducidad de la vida y las angustias de la agonía. Los mitos enfatizaban trascendencia y re-creación. Las moradas de los fallecidos variaban en función de edad y tipo de muerte. Por ejemplo, un soldado muerto en combate o eliminado como prisionero por sus enemigos, o una mujer que fallecía durante el parto, reposarían en la llamada Casa del Sol. Lactantes fallecidos simplemente retornaban al 13º. cielo, de donde habían venido, a seguir alimentándose del árbol nodriza y aun con posibilidades de regresar a la tierra. Nombres asignados a “lugares de los muertos” incluyen Tlalocan, Mictlan y Tlatilpac. La llegada del cristianismo cambió sustancialmente algunas de estas creencias aun cuando, como en el caso del Día de Difuntos, se estableció una suerte de sincretismo en la asignación de fechas y la práctica de rituales recordatorios.
Sobre la inexistencia gramatical de las alucinaciones “comandatorias”.
Authors: Cruzado L. , Núñez-Moscoso P.
Published: February 2016

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Salud mental global como bien público: sugerencias para la reflexión ética.
Authors: Lolas Fernando
Published: February 2016

Luego de establecer en lo posible, claras distinciones entre salud mental internacional (basada en la superación de barreras geográficas) y salud mental global en tanto que orientada a las cualidades esenciales de justicia y reconocimiento pleno de los valores de la humanidad en su conjunto, el artículo examina las brechas éticas que pueden comprometer la integridad de esta última. La realidad de países (e individuos o grupos humanos) ricos y pobres, las inequidades de logros tecnológicos y del acceso justo a su producción y uso y las diferencias de conceptos como “medicina basada en evidencias” versus “medicina basada en valores” conduce a la consideración de que las consecuencias morales del avance científico no tienen límites geográficos y pueden ahondar diferencias de todo orden. Se examinan luego las dimensiones de una ética global con la vigencia de dos ingredientes fundamentales: solidaridad y reciprocidad. Aquélla puede ser horizontal o vertical pero debe extenderse también a la comprensión del pasado histórico y del futuro de pueblos y naciones, cuanto orientada a objetivos de comunidad y buen hacer. Reciprocidad puede ser un “imperativo hipotético”, una forma dialógica de la solidaridad que, en conjunto entonces pueden conducir a objetivos de plenitud de vida, justicia social, protección y seguridad, al logro de un genuino “bien público”.
Forma de crianza recibida por el agresor y su asociación con violencia hacia la pareja en tres ciudades de la selva peruana en el año 2004.
Authors: Urdániga-Giraldo José , Cortez-Vergara Carla , Vargas Murga Horacio , Saavedra-Castillo Javier
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Identificar las formas de crianza recibidas por el varón agresor asociadas con la violencia contra la pareja (VCP) en tres ciudades de la selva peruana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal usando la información del estudio epidemiológico de salud mental en la Selva Peruana del 2004 realizado en las ciudades de Iquitos, Pucallpa y Tarapoto. La información de las mujeres, de las parejas participantes (N=940), permitió identificar a los agresores y los tipos de VCP; en los hombres se analizaron algunas formas de crianza recibidas. Se realizó el análisis bivariado y multivariado utilizando regresión logística. Resultados: La crianza en que se favoreció excesivamente al varón cuando era niño como cuando se le engrió más que a sus hermanos se asoció con la violencia sexual (OR: 1,88; I.C 1,02 – 3,46) y el permitirles hacer cosas que a sus hermanos no, se asoció con la violencia física (OR: 1,93; I.C 1,11 – 3,37) y psicológica (OR: 1,9; I.C 1,12 – 3,2). Castigar severamente por cosas pequeñas se asoció con la violencia por abandono (OR: 1.71; I.C 1,02– 2,88). Conclusiones: Las formas de crianza en las que se favoreció excesivamente al agresor cuando niño, se asociaron con varios tipos de violencia. Se necesitan más estudios para identificar el rol del castigo en la VCP.
Prevalencia del tratamiento adjunto con antipsicóticos en pacientes adultos predominantemente latinos con depresión no psicótica: Un estudio retrospectivo.
Authors: Abulseoud Osama A , Costales Jesse , Peterson Melanie , Miller Joseph D , Lagomasino Isabel T
Published: February 2016

El uso de antipsicóticos atípicos como terapia adjunta a antidepresivos en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) no psicótico fue práctica común por un largo periodo antes de que los ensayos clínicos a doble-ciego, controlados (con placebo) y al azar, llevados a cabo a gran escala, demostraran su eficacia. El presente estudio se propuso evaluar la frecuencia con la cual pacientes diagnosticados con TDM recibieron tratamiento con agentes antipsicóticos (AP) y examinar los efectos de edad, raza y etnicidad sobre el tipo y dosis de los anti-psicóticos prescritos a una cohorte de pacientes antes de la reciente aprobación de aripiprazole por la Administración de Alimentos y Drogas (FDA), como medicación adjunta para el manejo de esta entidad clínica. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 1537 pacientes portadores del diagnóstico de depresión unipolar. 1376 presentaron depresión no psicótica y de ellos, 466 (33,9%) recibieron antipsicóticos con predominio de pacientes varones (hombres vs. mujeres: 41,7% vs. 27,8%. z=2,4, p<0,02; odds ratio (OR)=1,97, con error estándar (SE) de 0,57) de origen Hispánico (X2 = 35,8, df = 1, p < 0,0001). Quetiapina fue el antipsicótico más comúnmente prescrito (n=209, 44,8%) con una dosis promedio (±SEM) de 195,1±13,1 mg. Nuestros resultados confirman reportes previos del uso de antipsicóticos (específicamente quetiapina) en la práctica clínica habitual, como tratamiento adjunto en pacientes no psicóticos con diagnóstico de depresión unipolar. Se requiere investigación adicional que indague los efectos a largo plazo de este tipo de medicación en pacientes sin un diagnóstico de trastorno psicótico primario.
Integración de habilidades para la crianza de adolescentes: Intervención para el reforzamiento de la relación padres-adolescentes.
Authors: Thomas Bino , Parthasarathy R , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: February 2016

Las destrezas o habilidades parentales son un aspecto importante del desarrollo infantil. El adiestramiento de los padres en la adquisición y cultivo de estas destrezas es un proceso reciente orientado a su capacitación apropiada en el manejo del niño dentro de su cultura y su comunidad utilizando principios didácticos específicos para tal cultura. En la India han comenzado a emerger una serie de presentaciones sistemáticas de modelos basados en evidencias en el desarrollo de habilidades parentales. El presente artículo describe uno de estos programas (Habilidades Integrales para padres de adolescents, ISPA, sigla en ingles) orientado al reforzamiento del vínculo padre-adolescente y a la descripción de sus componentes. Luego de una evaluación inicial de las necesidades de los padres de niños adolescents, 13 padres siguieron sistemáticamente el programa de once sesiones, cada una de ellas enfocando temas diferentes.Los resultados antes y después de la intervención muestran cambios estadísticamente significativos en las actitudes de los padres respecto a una relación positiva con sus hijos adolescentes. Se describen los “pros y contras” de tales enfoques.
Características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia asociada a la enfermedad de Parkinson.
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Bendezú Liliana , Castro-Suárez Sheila , Herrera-Pérez Eder , Lira David , Montesinos Rosa , Cortijo Patricia , Núñez del Prado Liza
Published: February 2016

En la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), las áreas cognitivas pueden estar íntegras (EP cognitivamente normales, EP-CN), o afectarse desde compromisos ligeros sin compromiso de la funcionalidad (deterioro cognitivo leve asociado a EP, DCL-EP), hasta franca alteración de ella (demencia asociada a la EP, DEP). Objetivos: Evaluar el rendimiento cognitivo de pacientes con EP en diversos estadios cognitivos y compararlos con un grupo control. Pacientes y métodos:Prospectivamente se formaron cuatro grupos: 20 controles, 22 con diagnóstico de EP-CN, 18 con DCL-EP, y 23 con DEP. Siguiendo un ordenado protocolo, los individuos fueron sometidos a evaluaciones sucesivas de cribado, diagnóstico y tipo de deterioro cognitivo, luego de los cuales, fueron evaluados mediante una batería neuropsicológica para evaluación de atención, memoria, lenguaje, habilidades viso-constructivas y funciones ejecutivas. Resultados:Los pacientes con DCL-EP presentan alteraciones en la memoria viso-espacial (p˂0.01 vs EP-CN), habilidades viso-constructivas (p˂0.01 vs EP-CN) y funciones ejecutivas (p˂0.01 vs EP-CN) (con excepción de la capacidad de inhibición); mientras que en estadios más avanzados (DEP), se afecta además la atención (p˂0.01 vs EP-CN), memoria verbal (p˂0.01 vs DCL-EP) y el lenguaje (p˂0.01 vs DCL-EP).Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EP presentan según la evolución de la enfermedad, un progresivo compromiso de las áreas cognitivas.
Dos casos de atrofia cortical posterior, la demencia que inicia con síntomas visuales.
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Lira David , Herrera-Pérez Eder , Montesinos Rosa , Guevara-Silva Erik , Núñez del Prado Liza , Castro-Suárez Sheila , Mar Marcela , Cuenca José , Cortijo Patricia
Published: February 2016

Presentamos dos casos de demencia de inicio antes de los 65 años de edad con apraxia y manifestaciones visuo-espaciales, en los cuales no hay trastornos de memoria y de la conducta, y con diferentes grados de evolución a demencia. Las imágenes estructurales del cerebro demuestran atrofia parieto-occipital. Ambos casos reúnen los criterios de atrofia cortical posterior (ACP).
Neurogenética, ¿a dónde nos lleva?
Authors: Mazzetti Pilar
Published: February 2016

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La Primera Guerra Mundial y su impacto en la psiquiatría.
Authors: Stucchi-Portocarrero Santiago
Published: February 2016

En julio del 2014 se recuerdan 100 años del inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial, conflicto que tuvo un enorme impacto político y social en todo el orbe. Los casos de neurosis de guerra generados por las duras condiciones del frente de batalla suscitaron un gran interés para la psiquiatría y la psicología.
Acerca de una nueva edición del Curso de Psiquiatría de Honorio Delgado.
Authors: Changana-Arroyo Arturo , Villafane-Alva Ronald
Published: February 2016

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Don Oscar (Del) Pino Galarza y la Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría: recordando a nuestro orfebre.
Authors: Alarcón Guzmán Renato D.
Published: February 2016

Tributo in memoriam a Don Oscar Pino Galarza (1926-2014), secretario y asistente administrativo de la Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría por espacio de más de sesenta años, colaborador cercano de los Profesores Honorio Delgado, primero, y Javier Mariátegui, después. Luego de breves anotaciones biográficas, obtenidas mediante una entrevista con la esposa e hijos de Don Oscar, se describen rasgos fundamentales de su personalidad y su trabajo. En la Revista, su labor fue multidimensional al haber estado envuelto en tareas secretariales, administrativas, logísticas y editoriales que desempeñó con singular eficiencia, devoción, lealtad y modestia. Estas cualidades y su nobleza espiritual fueron evidentes en momentos decisivos de la trayectoria académica y editorial de los dos primeros Directores de nuestra publicación. Se reconocen así la vida y la obra de un auténtico orfebre, de alguien que reflejó lo mejor y más alto de una genuina calidad humana, más allá de orígenes sociales, documentos burocráticos o formalidades institucionales.
Salud Mental y Salud Pública en el Perú: ya es tiempo de actuar.
Authors: Alarcón Renato D.
Published: February 2016

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Meningoencefalitis tuberculosa en niños. Experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Lima, 2009 – 2013
Authors: Montiel-Blanco Johnny D. , Lázaro-Ignacio Edgar J. , Granados-Alzamora Viviana C. , Muñoz-Huerta Pamela R. , Caro-Kahn Inés , Flores-Bravo Julio C. , Del Castillo-Barrientos Hernán , Ramos Timaná Nicolás , Koc-Gonzales Daniel G.
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de laboratorio y neuroimagen en los niños diagnosticados de meningoencefalitis tuberculosa (MEC TBC) en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Lima – Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de una serie de casos entre enero del 2009 a setiembre del 2013. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 31 casos con diagnóstico de MEC TBC, con una frecuencia de 7,4 casos por año, edad promedio de 7,3 años, la relación varón/ mujer fue 1,2. Los características más frecuentes fueron la desnutrición, el contacto TBC y la TBC pulmonar. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la fiebre, vómitos, y somnolencia. El trastorno de la conciencia y el síndrome meníngeo fueron los síndromes neurológicos más comunes. La mayoría ingresaron en estadio II (83,9 %) y egresaron con secuelas mayores (51,6%). Los hallazgos en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fueron pleocitosis promedio de 275,6 células /mm3 y mediana de 184 células/mm3 (rango entre 15-1364 células/mm3), el Bacilo de Koch fue aislado por cultivo en el 19,5% de los casos. Los hallazgos más frecuentes de neuroimagen fueron la hidrocefalia (58%), infarto ygranuloma. Seis pacientes con hidrocefaliarequirieron derivación ventricular. Cinco de los pacientes desarrollaron reacción paradójica. La letalidad fue 12,9%.Conclusiones: La incidencia hospitalaria de MEC TBC fue 7,4 casos por año, la mayoría ingresó en estadio IIy egresó con secuelas mayores, en la neuro imagen la hidrocefalia fue el hallazgo más observado, la letalidad fue 12,9%.
Trastornos por uso de sustancias y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: frecuencia en pacientes varones hospitalizados en un servicio de adicciones.
Authors: Velásquez-Molina Elmer G. , Ordóñez-Huamán Carlos
Published: February 2016

Los Trastornos por Uso de Sustancias (TUS) son un grave problema de salud pública. El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una comorbilidad asociada con el inicio y pronóstico del TUS. Objetivos:determinar la frecuencia de TDAH en pacientes varones con TUS hospitalizados en un servicio de adicciones altamente especializado Métodos: se evaluó el diagnóstico de TDAH en 412 historias clínicas de pacientes dependientes a sustancias psicoactivas hospitalizados en el Servicio de Adicciones del Hospital Hermilio Valdizán, durante el año 2011 y 2012. Se utilizó el CIE-10 para la clasificación diagnóstica. Resultados: se encontró que el 72,57% presentaban algún tipo de comorbilidad psiquiátrica. El 29,37% de la población total cumplía criterios para TDAH comórbido. Conclusiones: el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad está presente en tres de cada diez pacientes con TUS. El análisis primario del presente estudio parece encontrar una posible relación entre TUS y el TDAH.
Afasia Paroxismal: Epilepsia focal por cisticercosis cerebral, reporte de un caso.
Authors: Saquisela Víctor V. , Barreto Elliot
Published: February 2016

Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón de 63 años; natural y procedente de Juliaca, que ingresó por un cuadro de episodios paroxismales de afasia transitoria, de 2 minutos de duración asociado a cefalea, sin trastorno deconciencia. No antecedentes de epilepsia, ni otros antecedentes patológicos. Al examen físico se evidenció episodios de parafasias semánticas y literales transitorias, de 1-2 minutos de duración. Los hallazgos de la tomografía cerebral y de la resonancia de encéfalo mostraron imágenes quísticas confluentes en valle silviano izquierdo de aspecto racemoso además de quistes vesiculares intraparenquimales peri-silvianos; los cuales resultaron definitivos para el diagnóstico. El presente caso de neurocisticercosis Mixta se manifestó como crisis epilépticas focales caracterizadas por afasia paroxismal, destacándose la presentación atípica. Se hace una breve revisión de la literatura.
Obstrucción respiratoria alta secundaria a distonía laríngea recurrente inducida por haloperidol y ziprasidona.
Authors: Cruzado Lizardo , Rivera-Encinas María Teresa , Revilla-Zúñiga Joshep A. , Sánchez-Fernández Miguel
Published: February 2016

La distonía aguda por antipsicóticos es un efecto extrapiramidal frecuente con el uso de estos medicamentos y, aunque su prevalencia es menor con el uso de antipsicóticos atípicos, no dejan de suscitarse casos de dichasreacciones adversas. Entre ellas, la distonía laríngea es un problema que requiere tratamiento de urgencia y que incluso acarrea riesgo mortal. Reportamos el caso de una paciente joven de sexo femenino y con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia paranoide, quien se presentó a nuestro servicio de emergencia en agitación psicomotriz y presentó distonía laríngea inducida por uso de haloperidol, en primer lugar, y luego por ziprasidona, ambos administrados por vía intramuscular. Finalmente revisamos la bibliografía respectiva y recomendamos que, en caso de distonía laríngea, se evite el posterior uso de antipsicóticos parenterales por el importante riesgo de recurrencia. Con anterioridad al presente reporte había solamente cuatro casos publicados en la literatura científica sobre distonía laríngea aguda inducida por ziprasidona.
Ansiedad, síndrome de piernas inquietas y onicofagia en estudiantes de medicina.
Authors: Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Pilco-Inga Jorge , Vizcarra-Pasapera Joaquín , Osada-Liy Jorge , Ruiz-Grosso Paulo , Vizcarra-Escobar Darwin
Published: February 2016

Objetivos:Describir la frecuencia de ansiedad, onicofagia y síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI) en estudiantes de medicina y explorar la relación entre los mismos. Materiales y métodos: Participaron 315 estudiantes del primer al quinto año de medicina de una universidad privada de Lima. Se administraron la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), una escala Likert para onicofagia, el Inventario de Estudios Epidemiológicos de SPI (García - Borreguero) y el Inventario de SPI (Grupo Internacional de SPI). Resultados: Se halló la frecuencia de ansiedad (61,3%), onicofagia (52,63%) y SPI (9,29%). Ser hombre es un factor protector para ansiedad (razón de prevalencia (RP) = 0,74; p = 0,001; IC 95% = 0,63 – 0,89). Existe asociación entre sintomatología ansiosa y SPI (RP =2,52; p = 0,036; IC 95%= 1,06 – 6); y entre sintomatología ansiosa y onicofagia (RP = 1,47; p = 0,002; IC 95% = 1,15 – 1,87). La presencia de onicofagia y SPI tenía asociación con sintomatología ansiosa (RP = 5,37; p = 0,023; IC 95% = 1,26 – 22,82). No se encontró asociación significativa entre SPI y onicofagia. Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre ansiedad y SPI; y entre ansiedad y onicofagia; pero no entre SPI y onicofagia.
Homocistinuria, una enfermedad metabólica de diagnóstico tardío en el Perú.
Authors: Cornejo-Olivas Mario R. , Chávez-Pasco Vilma G. , Inca-Martínez Miguel A. , Véliz-Otani Diego M. , Mora-Alférez Anali P. , Velit-Salazar Mario R. , Sánchez-Boluarte Arantxa , Quiroga de Michelena Maria , Mazzetti Pilar
Published: February 2016

La Homocistinuria, es un desorden metabólico autosómico recesivo, cuya forma clásica es causada por deficiencia de cistationina β-sintasa, debido a mutaciones en el gen CBS (Cr 21q22.3). Se describe el caso de un varón de 17 años con hipopigmentación de piel y faneras, retraso psicomotor moderado, hábito marfanoide, miopía severa, subluxación del cristalino bilateral, que además presentó eventos psicóticos y una hemiparesia izquierda secundaria a un infarto lacunar. La determinación de homocisteína en plasma se encontró elevada (>9,9mg/dl), así como niveles altos de nitroprusiato de sodio en orina(4+) que confirmaron el diagnóstico clínico de homocistinuria. La homocistinuria clásica genera múltiples complicaciones a nivel dérmico, oftalmológico, cognitivo, osteoarticular y psiquiátrico; que podrían evitarse con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno a través del tamizaje neonatal, aún no disponible en la mayoría de centros asistenciales en el Perú.
Relation between Early Season–Measured Agronomic Variables and Sugar Yield Responses to Nitrogen
Authors: Kanke Yumiko , Tubaña Brenda , Dalen Marilyn , Lofton Joshua , Viator Howard
Published: February 2016

Several studies have demonstrated the use of early‐season plant response to N as a basis for determining N fertilizer requirements in cereal crops. In sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids) production, the relationship of early‐season growth and responses to N fertilization to sugar yield at harvest has not been pursued. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate the early‐season response to N fertilization (RI) of select agronomic variables to RI of measured sugar yield at harvest of three sugarcane varieties (HoCP 96‐540, L 01‐283, and L 99‐226). A variety × N (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha−1) trial was established at two LSU AgCenter research stations: the Sugar Research Station in St. Gabriel and the Iberia Research Station, Jeanerette, LA, from 2010 to 2012. The positive correlations between RIs of agronomic variables collected at 4 and 5 wk after nitrogen application (WKN) and RIs at harvest were considered notable with RIbiomassat 5 WKN obtaining the highestrvalue (RIsugar= 0.69 and RIcane= 0.68). Sugar and stalk yield increases due to N were also correlated to RIN%and RINuptakeat 4 to 6 WKN. The findings of the present study demonstrated that RIs of agronomic variables measured early in the season were related with RI at harvest, suggesting the potential use of response to N early in the season as a basis for in‐season determination of sugarcane N rate requirements.

Core Ideas

Determining seasonal N requirement in sugarcane is essential.

High spatial and temporal variability in sugar and stalk yield to applied N were observed.

Agronomic variable at early season can be used to predict N response of sugar yield.
Replanting Thresholds for Soybean Using Two‐ and Four‐Week Plant Survival Metrics
Authors: Weeks Weston , Popp Michael , Rupe John , Rothrock Craig , Ross Jeremy , Steger Adele
Published: February 2016

The rising cost of seed is causing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers to reconsider seeding rates and replanting decisions. Data were collected at two sites, over 5 yr, three planting dates, three seeding rates, and with or without seed treatment. Information on stand counts, the number of established plants at 2 and 4 wk after planting, and yield was used to assess whether profit‐maximizing replanting stand count thresholds differ depending on how long a producer waits to decide to replant. Because planting date negatively affects yield potential and higher seeding rates are recommended for late‐season plantings, delayed planting is tantamount to higher cost and lost yield potential. To measure how replanting thresholds are affected by changes in important decision variables, soybean seed cost, soybean price, and replanting equipment costs were varied. Results suggest that (i) seed treatment is cost effective, (ii) replanting stand count thresholds relative to profit‐maximizing stand counts are quite low because replanting costs are high and soybean can compensate for low stand counts without excessive yield loss, (iii) these replanting thresholds vary whether the decision is made 2 or 4 wk after planting depending on soil texture, yield potential, and seeding rates of the replanted soybean; (iv) optimal planting dates vary by location; (v) variation in soybean price and seed cost have a larger impact than the range of replanting equipment costs on replanting thresholds; and (vi) replanting decisions may be made earlier than the current recommendation of waiting until 4 wk after planting.
Poultry Manure Nitrogen Availability Influences Winter Wheat Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Savala Canon E. N. , Crozier Carl R. , Smyth T. Jot
Published: February 2016

Standard poultry manure use recommendations in North Carolina consider waste analysis but not differences among manure types, cropping seasons, or application timing. This study evaluated poultry manure source, N rate strategy, and application time effects on soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tiller density, yield components, grain yield, and N availability coefficients. Coefficients included fertilizer N equivalence based on grain yield and plant‐available N based on aboveground plant N content. Four field experiments used broiler litter (BL) and composted layer manure (CLM), two rates (67 and 134 kg total‐N ha−1), and three different application times (incorporated in October preplant, Feekes’ 3 in December/January, or Feekes’ 4 in February). Dual‐source treatments received 67 kg N ha−1 of manure plus 67 kg N ha−1 as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution at Feekes’ 5. Fertilizer‐N (UAN) rate treatments (0, 39, 78, 117, and 156 kg N ha−1) were also included. Yields responded to N inputs but were lowest when BL and CLM were applied at 67 kg N ha−1 either preplant or at Feekes’ 3. Grain yield and N availability were greater with CLM than with BL (3.0 vs. 2.8 t ha−1 grain and 58 vs. 52 kg ha−1 N uptake, respectively). Availability coefficients ranged from 12 to 32%, lower than the standard assumed values of 50 to 60%. The feasible poultry manure application window includes preplant until Feekes’ 4, but fertilizing winter wheat crops solely with poultry manure may supply less N than intended.
Testing of a Modified Methodology for Determination of Mean Stage of Development in Alfalfa
Authors: Božičković Aleksa , Simić Aleksandar , Grubić Goran , Žnidaršič Tomaž , Djordjević Nenad , Stojanović Bojan
Published: February 2016

For all crop species, an accurate, quick, and simple method for determination of mean development stage of plants has a key role for scientific and practical use. The investigation was performed to validate a modified methodology for determination of mean stage of development in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The modified methodology, mean stage by fresh weight (MSFW), assumes that mean stage by weight (MSW) could be determined by fresh, and not only by dry weight, as was required by the original methodology. A total of 198 alfalfa samples were collected in 2010 and 2011. Sampling completely covered three growth cycles: spring growth and first and second regrowths. The correlation (r) between MSW and MSFW was >0.99. In 92% of samples, absolute deviation between MSW and MSFW was <0.15 on a scale between 0 and 9. The equation for prediction of MSFW based on measured MSW, MSFWpredicted = 0.9808 × MSW, was developed with the data from the first year (n = 141) and tested with second‐year samples (n = 57). Prediction error, expressed by root mean squared deviation (RMSD), was 0.045, while components of mean squared deviation (MSD), such as squared bias (SB), nonunity slope (NU), and lack of correlation (LC), were 8.12 × 10−4, 5.45 × 10−4, and 6.67 × 10−4, respectively. Values close to zero in all three MSD components show that validation line had a ≈ 0, b ≈ 1, and r2 ≈ 1. As a simpler methodology, MSFW gives an opportunity to be more applicable in practice with all of the benefits of the MSW methodology.
Profile Distributions and Controls of Soil Inorganic Carbon along a 150‐Year Natural Vegetation Restoration Chronosequence
Authors: Wang Kai-Bo , Ren Zong-Ping , Deng Lei , Zhou Zheng-Chao , Shangguan Zhou-Ping , Shi Wei-Yu , Chen Yi-Ping
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas

Topsoil SIC storage decreased with restoration age, but subsoils were unchanged.

SOC was the main driving force of SIC storage in the topsoil.

Sand and silt contents were the controlling factors of SIC storage in subsoils.

Soil total C storage remained stable across the restoration sequence.

Soil inorganic C (SIC) comprises approximately a third of the global soil C pool, which plays an important role in global C cycling. However, there is still considerable disagreement on the direction and magnitude of changes in SIC stocks following vegetation restoration. We conducted a study comparing SIC at different succession stages along a 150‐yr natural vegetation restoration chronosequence to examine the effect of long‐term natural vegetation restoration on the distribution of SIC and to identify the factors that control changes in SIC. The results showed that SIC storage in the top 10 cm gradually decreased (0.092 Mg ha−1 yr−1) along the vegetation restoration chronosequence but was basically unchanged in the subsoil (10–100 cm). The soil total C storages remained stable across the restoration sequence, with the redistribution of the total soil C pool from SIC to soil organic C (SOC) the dominant forms. The controlling factors of SIC were different in the top‐ and subsoils along the chronosequence. In the top 30‐cm soil layers, SOC was a good predictor of SIC; however, for soils below 30 cm, soil sand and silt contents and pH were better predictors of SIC. Therefore, we can conclude that the variations in SOC induced by vegetation restoration were the main driving force for SIC changes in the topsoil, while the genetic soil features (i.e., sand and silt contents) were the controlling factors that determined the amount of SIC in the subsoil.
American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2015: Glomerular Diseases
Authors: Bomback Andrew S. , Perazella Mark A. , Choi Michael J.
Published: February 2016

The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire remains an extremely popular session for attendees of the annual Kidney Week meeting of the American Society of Nephrology. Once again, the conference hall was overflowing with audience members and eager quiz participants. Topics covered by the expert discussants included electrolyte and acid-base disorders, glomerular disease, ESRD/dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Complex cases representing each of these categories, along with single-best-answer questions, were prepared and submitted by the panel of experts. Before the meeting, training program directors of United States nephrology fellowship programs and nephrology fellows answered the questions through an Internet-based questionnaire. During the live session, members of the audience tested their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by the experts. They compared their answers in real time using their cell phones with a special app with the answers of the nephrology fellows and training program directors. The correct and incorrect answers were then discussed after the results of the questionnaire were displayed. As always, the audience, lecturers, and moderators enjoyed this educational session. This article recapitulates the session and reproduces its educational value for Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology readers. Enjoy the clinical cases and expert discussions.
The Contagion Effect of Low-Quality Audits at the Level of Individual Auditors
Authors: Li Liuchuang , Qi Baolei , Tian Gaoliang , Zhang Guochang
Published: February 2016

This study examines the relation between the audit failures of individual auditors and the quality of other audits performed by these same auditors. Employing a Chinese setting where audit reports reveal the identities of engagement auditors, we find that auditors who have performed failed audits also deliver lower-quality audits on other audit engagements, with this “contagion” effect spreading both over time and to other audits performed by these same auditors in the same year. However, we find little evidence that an audit failure also casts doubt on the quality of audits performed by “non-failed” auditors who are same-office colleagues of a “failed” auditor. We further discover that the contagion effect is attenuated for female auditors, auditors holding a master's degree, and auditors with more auditing experience. Our results underscore the usefulness of disclosing the identity and personal characteristics of individual auditors to investors and regulators.
Creating New Knowledge Assisted by Computational Devices
Authors: Andrášik Ladislav
Published: February 2016

In contemporary global knowledge based society there are scorching needs for new knowledge and unprecedented vision of future development. Author is focuses attention to new possibilities of fostering creative abilities and gaining new socio-economic knowledge by the assistance of ICT, Internet and mainly by using products and services of computational intelligence. His method used is prevailingly new knowledge creation by experimentation in virtual laboratories. In using conventional methods, he combines inductive and deductive methods as set up for developing mental models from up to down and bottom to up. Because in socio-economic branches it is very difficult and even almost wholly impossible to do experiments in objective reality the experimentation by the assistance of computational intelligence is promising advance in gaining new socioeconomic knowledge in contemporary complex world. Using such new approaches, methods and tools is the main scientific aim of the author. He uses convictive demonstration of successful using these unprecedented possibilities in gaining deeper knowledge about complex evolutionary phenomena. The distinction of such knowledge is against conventional one is consisting in very deep understanding of complex socio-economic dynamics. Using meant knowledge acquisition approaches is promising in quality and in abiding knowledge and skill of single individuals but the extraordinary progress of creative knowledge based society fostered by using them in advanced webs is useful for whole society.
The Slovak Republic Regional Development through Cluster Iniciative
Authors: Littvova V.
Published: February 2016

The current market environment is defined by constant financial and global changes. For companies operating in market business activities it has been increasingly difficult to adapt and remain competitive in such environment. In accordance with the exclusive survey among young entrepreneurs, one in four of them starts their business without training and about a one third has no idea how to get to the customers. Constant financial and global changes cause that existing organizations realizing business activity adapt and remain competitive ability with increasing difficulties. Several organizations, as self-employed units are not able to cope with handicaps or use the positives that globalization brings on the world's markets. The process of globalization requires highly flexible receiving of innovative solutions which often especially SMEs are not able to carry out. One of the possible strategies which organization can receive to maintain its competitive advantage is the “cluster” formation.
“Crawling Out of the Cocoon”: Patients' Experiences of a Physical Therapy Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Major Depression
Authors: Danielsson Louise , Kihlbom Birgitta , Rosberg Susanne
Published: February 2016

Background

Although the effectiveness of physical exercise for depression has been studied for many years, few studies have described patients' experiences of what exercise means to them, beyond the biological focus. Moreover, exercise as a treatment for depression is rarely explored in a physical therapy context.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore a physical therapy exercise intervention, as experienced by people with major depression.

Design

This study had an inductive approach and used qualitative content analysis.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 people who participated in physical therapist–guided aerobic exercise in a randomized controlled trial. All participants were diagnosed with major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Data were collected and analyzed in an inductive manner using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman.

Results

Four categories emerged: (1) struggling toward a healthy self, (2) challenging the resistance, (3) feeling alive but not euphoric, and (4) needing someone to be there for you. The participants experienced that although the exercise intervention was hard work, it enhanced the feeling of being alive and made them feel that they were doing something good for themselves. These feelings were a welcome contrast to the numbness and stagnation they experienced during depression.

Limitations

The study was conducted in Swedish primary care. Transferability of results must be viewed in relation to context.

Conclusions

Exercise in a physical therapy context can improve the patients' perception of their physical ability and create a sense of liveliness, improving their depressed state. The therapeutic relationship is essential for supporting the patient's vulnerability and ambiguity in an empathic and perceptive way.
Evaluation of immunochromatographic tests for the rapid detection of the emerging GII.17 norovirus in stool samples, January 2016
Authors: Théry Lucie , Bidalot Maxime , Pothier Pierre , Ambert-Balay Katia
Published: February 2016

A novel GII.17 norovirus emerged in Asia in the winter of 2014/15. A worldwide spread is conceivable and norovirus diagnostic assays need to be evaluated to investigate if they adequately detect this emerging genotype. Seven immunochromatographic kits commercially available in Europe were evaluated on ten stool samples where GII.17 virus had been quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All the kits detected GII.17 with various sensitivities, partly depending on the virus titre.
Cluster of atypical adult Guillain-Barré syndrome temporally associated with neurological illness due to EV-D68 in children, South Wales, United Kingdom, October 2015 to January 2016
Authors: Williams Christopher J , Thomas Rhys H , Pickersgill Trevor P , Lyons Marion , Lowe Gwen , Stiff Rhianwen E , Moore Catherine , Jones Rachel , Howe Robin , Brunt Huw , Ashman Anna , Mason Brendan W
Published: February 2016

We report a cluster of atypical Guillain–Barré syndrome in 10 adults temporally related to a cluster of four children with acute flaccid paralysis, over a 3-month period in South Wales, United Kingdom. All adult cases were male, aged between 24 and 77 years. Seven had prominent facial diplegia at onset. Available electrophysiological studies showed axonal involvement in five adults. Seven reported various forms of respiratory disease before onset of neurological symptoms. The ages of children ranged from one to 13 years, three of the four were two years old or younger. Enterovirus testing is available for three children; two had evidence of enterovirus D68 infection in stool or respiratory samples. We describe the clinical features, epidemiology and state of current investigations for these unusual clusters of illness.
Defining, Measuring, and Using the Lifestyle Concept in Modal Choice Research
Authors: Van Acker Veronique
Published: February 2016

Although there is not a formally stated, agreed-upon definition of “lifestyle,” interest in this concept has been growing in travel behavior research. Some studies analyze what might be called lifestyles, but in fact various objective socioeconomic characteristics are combined and referred to as stage of life or household composition. This paper, therefore, provides a structured overview of the lifestyle concept (definitions, measurement methods) and illustrates the usefulness of three lifestyle approaches: (a) the socioeconomic and demographic lifestyle approach, based on socioeconomics and demographics; (b) the socio-graphic approach, based on attitudes toward the family–work balance and leisure time; and (c) the mechanistic approach, based on holiday and leisure activities. Data from an Internet survey organized in 2007 in Flanders, Belgium, were used in this analysis to indicate how lifestyles were associated with car use and active travel for active leisure activities. Adding lifestyles to the analysis increased the explained variances in modal choices, but other predictors—having a driver's license, car ownership, and the built environment—were more important. With respect to car use, a mechanistic approach that used behavioral data seemed more appropriate. With respect to active travel, no striking differences were found between the three lifestyle approaches.
Choice Set Generation for Modeling Scenic Route Choice Behavior with Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Alivand Majid , Hochmair Hartwig H.
Published: February 2016

Finding a scenic route between two locations is a common trip-planning task, in particular for tourists and recreational travelers. For the automated computation of a scenic route in a trip-planning system to function, it is necessary to understand which attributes of a route and its surroundings are associated with attractive scenery. One way to find this information is with a route choice model framework, which requires a choice set of realistic paths for traveling a scenic route. This paper proposes a constrained enumeration type algorithm for computing scenic alternatives with a branch-and-bound approach and a labeling algorithm in combination with link elimination to generate a scenic route choice set. These algorithms use volunteered geographic information—shared, geo-tagged photos (photos to which geographical identification metadata have been added) from Panoramio—to generate path alternatives. The results show that the proposed branch-and-bound algorithm replicated observe travel behavior better than the traditional deterministic minimum cost–based algorithms in terms of overlap and consistency. In addition, for the proposed branch-and-bound method, the average number of scenic clusters was almost identical to that found along observed scenic routes; this method outperformed all other evaluated algorithms for this aspect.
Use of Mixed Stated and Revealed Preference Data for Crowding Valuation on Public Transport in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Batarce Marco , Muñoz Juan Carlos , de Dios Ortúzar Juan , Raveau Sebastián , Mojica Carlos , Ríos Ramiro Alberto
Published: February 2016

The valuation of comfort on public transport is presented with mixed stated preference and revealed preference data. In this case, comfort is measured mainly as the level of crowding in the vehicles (bus or train) with the use of in-vehicle passenger density (in number of passengers per square meter). The data used to value comfort include a stated preference survey in which crowding levels are presented as illustrations and revealed preference data on route choice on the subway network of Santiago, Chile. The survey data are used to estimate discrete choice models and obtain a subjective valuation of passenger density through the parameters of the utility function. Disutility for traveling in crowding conditions is assumed to be proportional to the travel time; therefore, the longer the trip, the higher the utility loss. Results indicate that passenger density has a significant effect on the utility of public transportation modes. In fact, marginal disutility of travel time in a crowded vehicle (6 passengers/m2) is twice the marginal disutility in a vehicle with a low level of crowding (1 passenger/m2).
Augmented PMMA distribution: improvement of mechanical property and reduction of leakage rate of a fenestrated pedicle screw with diameter-tapered perforations
Authors: Tan Quan-chang , Wu Jian-wei , Peng Fei , Zang Yuan , Li Yang , Zhao Xiong , Lei Wei , Wu Zi-xiang
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the optimum injection volume of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to augment a novel fenestrated pedicle screw (FPS) with diameter-tapered perforations in the osteoporotic vertebral body, and how the distribution characteristics of PMMA affect the biomechanical performance of this screw.

METHODS

Two types of FPSs were designed (FPS-A, composed of 6 perforations with an equal diameter of 1.2 mm; and FPS-B, composed of 6 perforations each with a tapered diameter of 1.5 mm, 1.2 mm, and 0.9 mm from tip to head. Each of 28 human cadaveric osteoporotic vertebrae were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups: FPS-A1.0: FPS-A+1.0 ml PMMA; FPS-A1.5: FPS-A+1.5 ml PMMA; FPS-A2.0: FPS-A+2.0 ml PMMA; FPS-B1.0: FPS-B+1.0 ml PMMA; FPS-B1.5: FPS-B+1.5 ml PMMA; FPS-B2.0: FPS-B+2.0 ml PMMA; and conventional pedicle screws (CPSs) without PMMA. After the augmentation, 3D CT was performed to assess the cement distribution characteristics and the cement leakage rate. Axial pullout tests were performed to compare the maximum pullout force thereafter.

RESULTS

The CT construction images showed that PMMA bone cement formed a conical mass around FPS-A and a cylindrical mass around FPS-B. When the injection volume was increased from 1.0 ml to 2.0 ml, the distribution region of the PMMA cement was enlarged, the PMMA was distributed more posteriorly, and the risk of leakage was increased. When the injection volume reached 2.0 ml, the risk of cement leakage was lower for screws having diameter-tapered perforations. The pullout strengths of the augmented FPS-A groups and FPS-B groups were higher than that of the CPS group (p < 0.0001). All FPS-B groups had a higher pullout strength than the FPS-A groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The diameter of the perforations affects the distribution of PMMA cement. The diameter-tapered design enabled PMMA to form larger bone-PMMA interfaces and achieve a relatively higher pullout strength, although statistical significance was not reached. Study results indicated 1.5-ml of PMMA was a conservative volume for PMMA augmentation; more cement injection would significantly increase the risk of cement leakage.