bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Experimental Research on Vibration Reduction in Ship High-Temperature Pipeline Based on Long Coated Damping Structure
Authors: Zi Bao , Jiang Feng , Wu Yiwan , Bai Hongbai , Tang Yu , Lu Chunhong
Published: August 2021

To reduce the vibration of a ship’s high-temperature pipeline, a long coated damping structure (LCDS) with entangled metallic wire material (EMWM) is proposed in this paper. The structural analysis of the long coated damping structure for pipelines is carried out. The theoretical analysis indicates that increasing the thickness of the damping layer in a particular range can improve the vibration attenuation effect of an LCDS. Additionally, experimental verification confirms this analysis after an experimental system for pipelines. From the results, it is observed that increasing the thickness of the coated layer can effectively improve the damping property of LCDS to a certain extent. The change of the coated length and the temperature has little effect on the vibration attenuation effect of an LCDS, indicating that the LCDS can work well in a high-temperature environment.
Scholte Wave Dispersion Modeling and Subsequent Application in Seabed Shear-Wave Velocity Profile Inversion
Authors: Dong Yang , Piao Shengchun , Gong Lijia , Zheng Guangxue , Iqbal Kashif , Zhang Shizhao , Wang Xiaohan
Published: August 2021

Recent studies have illustrated that the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method is an effective geoacoustic parameter inversion tool. This particular tool employs the dispersion property of broadband Scholte-type surface wave signals, which propagate along the interface between the sea water and seafloor. It is of critical importance to establish the theoretical Scholte wave dispersion curve computation model. In this typical study, the stiffness matrix method is introduced to compute the phase speed of the Scholte wave in a layered ocean environment with an elastic bottom. By computing the phase velocity in environments with a typical complexly varying seabed, it is observed that the coupling phenomenon occurs among Scholte waves corresponding to the fundamental mode and the first higher-order mode for the model with a low shear-velocity layer. Afterwards, few differences are highlighted, which should be taken into consideration while applying the MASW method in the seabed. Finally, based on the ingeniously developed nonlinear Bayesian inversion theory, the seafloor shear wave velocity profile in the southern Yellow Sea of China is inverted by employing multi-order Scholte wave dispersion curves. These inversion results illustrate that the shear wave speed is below 700 m/s in the upper layers of bottom sediments. Due to the alternation of argillaceous layers and sandy layers in the experimental area, there are several low-shear-wave-velocity layers in the inversion profile.
Interferons and interferon therapy. Literature review
Authors: Gizinger O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article describes the types and biological characteristics of interferons, which are an integral part of the antiviral defense of the body. The possibilities of using interferons, interferon inducers in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections are shown. The validity and possible risks of using interferon preparations for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections are analyzed, taking into account information about their mechanisms of action.
Epidemics and Religion: From Angry Gods and Offended Ancestors to Hungry Ghosts and Hostile Demons
Authors: Marshall Louise
Published: August 2021

Throughout history, religious beliefs have been a primary way of understanding the experience of epidemic disease. This article offers a pan-historical and cross-cultural analysis of such interactions. The first section examines common structures and assumptions of religious explanatory models. These are characteristically two-fold, nominating both supernatural causal agents and particular human actions that have set these forces in motion. A society’s identification of the behaviors that would prompt the infliction of mass suffering and death upon an entire people reveals a great deal about the values and world view of that culture. Most revolve around definitions of the sacred, which could be polluted, profaned or neglected by deliberate or inadvertent actions, and acceptable standards of moral behavior. Defensive strategies vary according to the nature of the supernatural agency held responsible, from one or more angry gods to offended ancestors, hungry ghosts or hostile demons. The final section investigates the extent to which religion may be helpful or harmful in shaping responses to epidemics, including the present global pandemic of Covid-19.
Use of Derris trifoliata (Leguminosae) Root Extracts for Fishpond Management
Authors: SUMERA FLORENTINO C. , CONATO MARLON T.
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine whether Derris trifoliata (Leguminosae) locally known as “sila-sila”, can be used in a formulation for fishpond management, compared with the usual commercial source “tubli” (Derris elliptica, Leguminosae). Thus, prior to the formulation of the root extracts, the rotenone content of the roots of Derris trifoliata was determined and compared to two other Derris species, one of which is Derris elliptica. Of the three derris species, D. trifoliata was found to have the lowest rotenone content of 0.019% compared to that of Derris elliptica’s 5.09%. Although D. trifoliata has very low rotenone content, the extract of its root bark and formulation with acetone resulted in 1 L formulations with comparable toxicity as that of D. elliptica or that of a commercial insecticide (illegally used as piscicide). For example, formulations from about 15 kg of root or root bark and 20 L of acetone as extractant produced formulations of about 10 x 1 L for D. trifoliata (rotenone conc. = 0.180 mg•ml-1) and 12 x 1 L for D. elliptica (rotenone conc. = 4.90 mg•ml-1). Both formulations can kill fish such as Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) fingerlings within 30 minutes comparable to a commercial insecticide Telothion 40. The median lethal concentration of the formulation for a 96-hour bioassay against O. niloticus for D. trifoliata was LC50 = 0.03 ppt while for D. elliptica, LC50 = 0.005 ppt. Sensitivity of nine different unwanted fishes near the location of the test fishponds was determined using a D. trifoliata reconstituted formulation. The unwanted fishes appeared more sensitive during summer months when the salinity of water was higher than during the rainy months when the salinity was much lower. Different species of unwanted fishes at different life stages appeared to have different tolerance to the toxicity of the extract. Application of the different formulations previously bioassayed was successful in cleaning several fishponds from unwanted fishes. Cost analysis showed that fish farmers (whose fishponds are located near colonies of D. trifoliata plants) could economize by using extracts of this Derris plant instead of insecticides harmful to the environment or dangerous poisons like sodium cyanide.
Feed Utilization and Growth in Juveniles of Labeo rohita Under the Stress of Monocrotophos
Authors: RAMANESWARI K. , RAO L.M.
Published: August 2021

The present study was aimed at evaluating the growth performance and feed utilization of Labeo rohita subjected to sub-lethal stress of the pesticide, monocrotophos for a period of 45 days in laboratory conditions. Juveniles of L. rohita were divided into control and test groups. Test groups of fish were divided into two batches, I and II. Batch-I was exposed to 0.7116 mg•L-1 monocrotophos and Batch II was exposed to 0.3558 mg•L-1 monocrotophos. Feed utilization and growth were inferior while feed conversion ratio was observed to be higher in fish exposed to the toxicant and it was dose dependent. The weight gain between the fish of control group and the fish exposed to monocrotophos differed significantly. Feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive values were significantly less in the test groups. Analysis for the proximate composition of the fish carcass reveals that protein, carbohydrate and lipid conversion efficiencies were less in the test group of fish and differed significantly from that of the control group of fish. This suggests that nutrients are often getting wasted when fish are under the sub-lethal stress of pesticides.
Length-Weight Relationship of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) from Pichavaram Mangrove Waters, South East Coast of India
Authors: RAJKUMAR M. , ANTONY P.J. , TRILLES J.P.
Published: August 2021

The length-weight relationship of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, Centropomidae) was estimated for the first time based on a wild population; specimens were collected from Pichavaram mangrove waters during October 2003 to September 2004. A highly significant correlation between length and weight, as a relative condition changing in the course of the year, were particularly observed. These data will be certainly useful for the Asian seabass aquaculture development and fisheries.
Raising of Stocking Materials of Indian Major Carps in Pen Enclosures in Selected Floodplain Wetlands of Assam, India
Authors: GORAI B. K. , SUGUNAN V. V. , JHA B. C.
Published: August 2021

Raised stocking materials, fingerling of Indian major carp seeds (Catla catla, Labeo rohita Cirrhinus mrigala) in pens, installed in two floodplain wetlands of Assam viz. Goruchora (Golaghat district) and 46-Morakollang (Morigaon district). The pens were stocked at 30,000 fry•ha-1, in a ratio of 3:2:1 of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala fry, respectively. The average initial length and weight of fry at the time of stocking for C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala were 5.45 cm (1.80 g), 4.51 cm (1.15 g) and 4.65 cm (1.12 g), respectively. The fish stocks inside the pens were given supplementary feeds, mustard oil cake and rice polish (1:1) at 5% body weight. The pens were harvested after a rearing period of 145 days with an average growth of C. catla (19.0 cm, 85.1 g), L. rohita (15.8 cm, 52.8 g) and C. mrigala (15.8 cm, 42.9 g) in Goruchora wetland, while in 46- Morakollang wetland it was recorded as 17.0 cm (63.8 g) for C. catla, 15.4 cm (55.9 g) for L. rohita and 14.0 cm (41.5 g) for C. mrigala for further grow-out in the lakes proper. During the period of experimentation, the fluctuations in water quality parameters like water temperature (17.6-29.0o C), transparency (72-102 cm), dissolved oxygen (3.60-16.50 mg•l-1), pH (7.12-9.53), total dissolved solids (46.6-111.3 mg•l-1) and specific conductance (102-232 µS•cm-1) were monitored, too. The production in terms of fish biomass (fingerlings) was estimated at 2106 and 1780 kg•ha-1 in Goruchora and 46- Morakollang wetlands, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio was calculated as 1.40 (Goruchora) and 1.77 (46-Morakollang), which can be considered as significant, economically.
Assessment of the Textural Variations of Muscle Tissues of Labeo rohita and Scoliodon sorrokawah with Emphasis on Their Collagen Content
Authors: RAMAN MAYA , MATHEW SALEENA
Published: August 2021

Structural proteins specifically myofibrillar protein and collagen play a very significant role in determining the texture of the product. Shark (Scoliodon sorrokawah) is a cartilaginous fish having high collagen content and its crude protein content (22.01%) is comparatively higher than rohu (Labeo rohita) viz. 17.73%. The present study investigates the rheological differences between the two species differing in their collagen content. During freezing, an increase in the toughness was observed which was possibly due to the aggregation of myofibrillar proteins and collagen. Histographs and texture profile analysis data obtained indicated a two – phase toughening process in both the species. In both unfrozen and frozen samples, a two to three fold increase in toughening occurred during cooking. Though the first phase of hardening on cooking (50°C) was similar in both species, the second phase of hardening varied in frozen samples as 70°C and 75°C for fresh and frozen shark and 70°C and 80°C for fresh and frozen rohu respectively. These slight variations in the two species might be possibly due to the difference in their connective tissue protein content, distribution and properties. In raw muscle tissue, the toughness is very much a product of hardening of the connective tissue proteins. During the second phase of tissue hardening the weight loss and cooking shrinkage was observed which was possibly due to the loss of water holding capacity and conformational changes in the protein configuration.
Population Dynamics and Stock Assessment of Gudusia chapra (Hamilton-Buchanan) in the Rajdhala Reservoir, Netrakona, Bangladesh
Authors: RAHMAN M. A. , HAQUE M. M.
Published: August 2021

Population dynamics and stock assessment of chapila (Gudusia chapra, Hamilton-Buchanan) in the Rajdhala reservoir, Netrakona, Bangladesh was studied from January 2003 to December 2004 using length-frequency based analysis of FiSAT software to evaluate the growth parameters, mortality rates, exploitation rates, recruitment pattern, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and the corresponding fishing mortality at this level. The annual rates of natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortality were 1.34, 1.37 and 2.71 yr-1 in 2003 and 1.37, 1.58 and 2.95 yr-1 in 2004 respectively. The study revealed that the fishes were recruited in the fishery twice a year and the fishes were harvested at a higher level than the optimum fishing pressure. Twenty four percent of the present exploitation pressure on chapila is suggested to be reduced to get the MSY of this fish from the reservoir.
A Comparative Study on the Growth, Feed Conversion and Production of Fry of Improved and Non-improved Strains of the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: RIDHA M.T.
Published: August 2021

Two experiments were conducted consecutively to evaluate and compare the mean weight (MWT), daily growth rate (DGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival and production rate (PR) in the non-improved strain (NS) of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) with those in the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain and the FaST selected tilapia (FaST), from the swim-up fry stage to fish weight of 1.0 g (Experiment 1) and from fish weight of 1.0 to 20 g (Experiment 2). In both experiments, results showed the GIFT and FaST strains to have significantly higher MWT, faster DGR, lower FCR and higher PR than those of the NS. Unlike in Experiment 1, survival rates did not differ significantly among the three strains. In Experiment 1, the improvements in the FaST for the MWT, DGR and PR over those for the NS were 77.9, 72.9 and 33.6%, respectively. In Experiment 2, the improvements for the same parameters were 58.7, 57.8 and 54.5%, respectively. These results indicate the advantage and potential of culturing the FaST or the GIFT strain in Kuwait for improving the production of fresh tilapia, reducing the production cost and increasing the profitability of tilapia farms.
Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Scylla spp. Larvae in the Lawele Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: SARA L. , INGLES J.A. , AGUILAR R.O. , LAURETA L.V. , BALDEVARONA R.B. , WATANABE S.
Published: August 2021

A study on the dynamics of the zoeae larvae of Scylla spp. was conducted in Lawele Bay, Southeast Sulawesi from November 1999 to September 2000, to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of the zoeae larvae of Scylla spp. and to examine their relationship with water parameters. Sampling was done during flood and ebb tides using a modified miller net high speed sampler with 300 µm mesh. Temperature, salinity and pH were measured at the surface and taken parallel to each plankton haul. The results showed that zoeal abundance was higher during flood tide than ebb tide. Seasonal abundance of the zoeae had three peaks belonging to the dry season (south monsoon), one in March as minor peak and the other two in June and in November as major and moderate peaks, respectively. Water salinity and pH were significantly correlated with zoeal abundance in the respective flood and ebb tides (p < 0.05). Zoeal abundance decreased toward less saline waters, and were absent at low salinity stations (0.3 – 17.3 ppt). Our results suggest that zoeal prefer seawater for development to the megalopal stage.
Survival, Growth and RNA/DNA Ratio of Pagrus major Cultured under Three Different Feeding Regimes During Early Development
Authors: SHARMA J.G. , GWAK W.-S. , MASUDA R. , TANAKA M. , CHAKRABARTI R.
Published: August 2021

The nutritional status of red sea bream Pagrus major (30-day-old) cultured under three different feeding regimes: 1) rotifer, Artemia and artificial diet (RAA), 2) rotifer and artificial diet (RA) and 3) artificial diet (A) only were evaluated depending on RNA/DNA ratios. The duration of the experiment was four weeks. The final average weight of fish was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in RAA (1555 ± 119 mg) than RA (1010 ± 145 mg) and A (927 ± 170 mg). Specific growth rate was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in RAA (7.376) and RA (5.617) at the end of the first week of culture compared to the other weeks. In artificial diet fed fish, SGR was significantly (P< 0.05) higher at the end of the second week (4.542) compared to the other weeks. The DNA concentration was significantly (P< 0.05) higher at the end of the second week of feeding than in the remaining culture period regardless of feeding conditions. The RNA concentration increased from the first to the second week of culture, followed by a decrease in RNA concentration at the end of the third week and then a re-increase at the end of the fourth week in three treatments. The amount of RNA of fish was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in RAA and RA treatments than in artificial diet fed fish at the end of the second week. The RNA/DNA ratio showed a direct relationship with growth rate in these three different treatments. The RNA/DNA ratio was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in RAA than RA and A showing the superiority of this feeding regime during early development.
Minat Belajar Siswa Takhassus Tahfidz dan Non Tahfidz Terhadap Mata Pelajaran PAI di SMA Ali Maksum
Authors: Rofiah Tutik Dinur , Muâ€™allifah Muâ€™allifah
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan minat belajar siswa/santri Takhassus Tahfidz dan non tahfidz terhadap mata pelajaran PAI di SMA Ali Maksum Krapyak Yogyakarta. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui seberapa besar nilai perbedaan minat belajar siswa/santri takhasus tahfidz dan non tahfidz pada mata pelajaran PAI di SMA Ali Maksum. Penelitian ini menggunanakan jenis penelitian analitis komparatif, yaitu membandingkan dua atau lebih kelompok data terdapat perbedaan aspek atau variabel yang telah diteliti dengan menggunakan uji independent t-test dikarenakan variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 variabel bebas dan tidak berkorelasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode pengumpulan data yaitu Angket, wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Nilai rata-rata minat belajar siswa Takhasus Tahfidz sebesar 109,54 sedangkan rata-rata nilai minat anak non tahfidz sebesar 93,4 dengan besar t hitung sebesar -4.728 karena t hitung lebih besar dari t table dengan signifikasi 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima disimpulkan bahwa minat belajar anak tahfidz lebih besar dari pada anak non tahfidz dengan nilai beda/ Mean Difference sebesar-16.14286.
Model Berpikir Sistem Dalam Pendidikan ISlam: Studi Analisis Ayat-Ayat Alquran
Authors: Sembiring Irvan Mustofa
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKSebahagian kaum muslim cenderung melupakan model-model berpikir sistem atau metode perolehan ilmu sebagaimana telah dijelaskan dalam Alquran, pada gilirannya menganggap bahwa sebahagian model berpikir dalam Alquran seperti tajrÃ®bi (eksperimen) seolah-olah berasal dari Barat, padahal dalam Islam itu sendiri model berpikir tersebut telah ada disebutkan dalam Alquran. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model-model berpikir sistem dalam Islam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode penelusuran referensi (studi literatur). Penelitian ini menginformasikan bahwa model-model berpikir sistem dalam Islam itu ada empat, yaitu: tajrÃ®bi, bayÃ¢ni, burhÃ¢ni, â€˜irfÃ¢ni. Adapun konsep-konsep berpikir dalam Alquran ada disebutkan dengan kalimat tadhakkur, tafakkur, tadabbur, dan taâ€™aqqul. Adapun sistem berpikir kritis dalam Alquran yaitu: Pertama, membuat perkiraan dan penetapan. Kedua, mempelajari secara matang terhadap suatu pembahasan. Ketiga,Â  tidak melampaui batas. Keempat, berkomitmen terhadap kebenaran yang sebenarnya. Kelima, melakukan pengecekan ulang. Keenam, rendah hati dan taat kepada kebenaran. Ketujuh, menahan diri dari tipu daya. Kedelapan, memperlihatkan kebenaran yang hakiki.Â Kata Kunci: Berpikir, Berpikir Sistem, Berpikir Kritis, AlquranÂ ABSTRACTSome Muslims tend to forget the systems thinking models or methods of obtaining knowledge as described in the Koran, in turn assume that some of the thinking models in the Alquran are like tajribi (experiment) as if it came from the West, even though in Islam itself this thinking model has been mentioned in the Alquran. This paper aims to determine systems thinking models in Islam. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with the reference search method (literature study). This study informs that there are four models of systems thinking in Islam, namely: tajrÃ®bi, bayÃ¢ni, burhÃ¢ni, â€˜irfÃ¢ni. The concepts of thinking in the Koran are mentioned with the sentence tadhakkur, tafakkur, tadabbur, and taâ€™aqqul.The critical thinking system in the Koran, namely: First, making estimates and decisions. Second, carefully study a discussion. Third, do not go overboard. Fourth, commit to the true truth. Fifth, double-checking. Sixth, be humble and obedient to the truth. Seventh, refrain from trickery. Eighth, showing the essential truth.Â Keywords: Thinking, Systems Thinking, Critical Thinking, the Alquran
Sistem pendidikan pesantren berbasis takhassus An-Nasyri untuk mengembangkan pendidikan karakter siswa
Authors: Mubarok Zaki
Published: August 2021

Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah memiliki kegiatan-kegiatan yang bernuansa keagamaan, yang paling terkenal adalah kegiatan riyadhoh puasa dalail khairot. Seakan-akan Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah memiliki jimat yang kiranya perlu diteliti agar segala proses yang diterapkan oleh Podok Pesantren Darul Falah bisa di publikasikan sebagai acuan dan pertimbangan bagi peneliti sendiri secara pribadi dan masyarakat luas pada umumnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana langkah-langkah sistem pendidikan pesantren berbasis takhassus an-nasyri dan faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan yang menghambat terhadap keberhasilan pengasuh pondok pesantren dalam mengembangkan pendidikan karakter di pondok pesantren Darul Falah Jekulo Kudus. Oleh karena itu peran pesantren dan juga sistem pendidikannya sangat menentukan bagi terciptanya lulusan yang mempunyai jiwa berkarakter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya santri maupun alumni yang sudah tamat dari pendidikan Takhassus di Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah tidak hanya memiliki bekal keilmuan yang matang akan tetapi jiwa karakter seperti cinta tuhan beserta ciptaannya, karakter percaya diri, jiwa kepemimpinan dan toleransi terhadap perbedaan yang melekat pada dirinya.
Bilingüismo e identidad juvenil: aportes etnográficos para la enseñanza del quechua en secundarias urbanas
Authors: Kvietok Dueñas Frances
Published: August 2021

A pesar de la larga trayectoria de la EIB en la región latinoamericana, contamos con pocas investigaciones sobre las prácticas y significados de la enseñanza de lenguas originarias al nivel secundario y en contextos urbanos, áreas a las que busco contribuir. En este artículo, argumento la necesidad de reconocer el fenómeno del bilingüismo mas allá del dominio de una lengua, interesándonos también por las prácticas y significados del bilingüismo para los jóvenes, la relación que guarda con sus identidades y sus consecuencias simbólicas y materiales para los individuos. Basado en datos de una etnografía de 20 meses realizada en Cusco, Perú, doy a conocer la diversidad y complejidad de los repertorios comunicativos y las trayectorias lingüísticas juveniles, las representaciones negativas y positivas sobre los (no) hablantes de quechua que los jóvenes enfrentan, construyen y transforman, y finalmente, sus críticas y demandas para la enseñanza del quechua. Concluyo ofreciendo implicancias educativas para la construcción de la enseñanza de lenguas originarias en contextos urbanos.
Los legados de la Provincia de Costa Rica ante el I Imperio mexicano durante la coyuntura independentista (1821-1823)
Authors: Tomás Federico Arias Castro
Published: August 2021

El artículo expone un pormenorizado recuento de los episodios, particularidades, sucesos e incidencias de naturaleza histórica, política y jurídica que acontecieron durante la época decimonónica en que se fraguó y materializó la independencia del territorio colonial de Costa Rica respecto del Imperio español, y que se erigieron, a su vez, en los antecedentes directos para la posterior conjunción del territorio costarricense con el I Imperio mexicano. Así, se describen los acontecimientos que propiciaron la ruptura entre España y sus posesiones ultramarinas, las variables que provocaron el desencadenamiento de los procesos autonomistas novohispanos, los factores que conllevaron el nexo político entre los territorios de México y Costa Rica y, con especial significancia, los derroteros personales y públicos de los tres costarricenses que fungieron, desde distintas perspectivas y realidades, como nuestros representantes ante el citado régimen imperial mexicano. Por último, se analizan las diversas razones que produjeron el contundente fenecimiento de dicho vínculo político y los periplos posteriores de los tres legados referidos, todos ello con el fin de que pueda conocerse los detalles de uno de los hechos menos conocidos de nuestra historia
De matemáticas electorales: el simulador de la contribución estatal
Authors: Reinaldo González Zúñiga
Published: August 2021

El simulador de la contribución estatal constituye una herramienta tecnológica dirigida hacia la comprensión de la dinámica numérica subyacente en el modelo de reintegro de gastos postelectoral, con recursos del Estado, característico del modelo de financiamiento de los partidos políticos en Costa Rica. Aquí se recoge la esencia de su modelación matemática y su utilidad práctica para partidos políticos, en materia de prospección y análisis de escenarios, de cara a ejercicios de planificación estratégica y presupuestaria propios de una contienda electoral, lo cual puede hacerse extensivo también para acreedores (bancos, personas físicas o jurídicas) y adquirentes de certificados de cesión.
La Sección Especializada del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones en el marco de los artículos 8.1 y 25.1 del Pacto de San José
Authors: Adolfo Lara Aguila
Published: August 2021

Se analiza si el Reglamento de la Sección Especializada del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones cumple con los estándares interamericanos de derechos humanos y el bloque de convencionalidad. Asimismo, se plantea el camino que debió tomar el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones a la hora de conciliar la autonomía de la función electoral y el carácter irrecurrible de sus resoluciones.
COMMUNICATION UNDERGRADUATE DEGREES: BETWEEN THE SEARCH FOR EXCELLENCE, THE CONCEPTUAL AMBIGUITY AND THE MARKET DICTATORSHIP
Authors: Eiró-Gomes Mafalda
Published: August 2021

We’ll argument in this paper that the area of undergraduate studies that we can consider as belonging to the great area of the communication sciences and, in particular, those areas that have as one of their purposes also the professional training in Corporate Communications / Public Relations, seem to be navigating in a blurriness of both theoretical constructs and purposes, as well as a lack of public recognition. Moreover, it will be argued that the main purpose underlying all definitions should be the old idea from the Enlightenment that the mission of undergraduate studies is, before and above all, the shaping of rational and responsible citizens.
Comparative Analysis of Thermovision Images of Healthy Young Men
with Different Terms of Adaptation to Conditions of the North
Authors: Averyanova IV , Vdovenko SI
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The correlation between skin temperature and cutaneous blood flow is a factor that influences thermal imaging of the body in response to thermoregulation.
The objective of our study was to identify features of thermal images of young male permanent residents of the Russian North belonging to different generations.
Materials and methods. Thermography was carried out using a thermal imaging camera (FLIR SC620 thermal imager, Sweden), providing long-wave (7.5–13 μm) imaging with a thermal sensitivity of 0.1 °С. Quantitative analysis of thermovision images was performed for eight sites of the body captured from the front and back in a sitting position. We examined 90 young healthy men aged 17 to 21 years, permanently residing in the Magadan Region. Depending on the duration of adaptation to extreme conditions of the North, all subjects were divided into four groups: adapting migrants (“zero generation”) and those born in the North in the first, second and third generations.
Results. We established a significant increase in skin temperature at all measured body sites in the series from adapting migrants (“zero generation”) to the natives in the first to third generation. The maximum differences were observed for the average temperature of the forehead, abdomen, and lower back, reaching 0.97, 1.04, and 0.98 °C, respectively. It should be noted that the young men of the city of Magadan had a higher average skin temperature than those living in optimal climatic and geographical conditions of Central Russia and Eastern Europe. The smallest difference (0.43 °С) was registered for breast temperature between the migrants and representatives of the third generation.
Conclusions. Our findings prove compensatory and adaptive physiological changes occurring in the body over time to reduce adverse effects of the cold environment. This reorganization of the body is achieved through optimization of the thermoregulatory mechanism and changes in vegetative skin vasomotor responses.
Subjective Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Electronic Device Usage by Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Milushkina OYu , Skoblina NA , Markelova SV , Kaminer DD , Tatarinchik AA , Savchuk PO , Ievleva OV
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In modern conditions of rapid development of information and communication technologies, healthcare workers start experiencing adverse health effects of such risk factors as an uncontrolled use of electronic devices and associated physical inactivity, sleep deprivation, and impaired work/rest patterns during their professional training. Our purpose was to study subjective assessment of risks from electronic device usage by medical workers. Methods. A specially developed questionnaire was distributed among 148 doctors, 72 nurses and paramedics, and 119 professors of medical universities. In addition to that, selective measurements of body composition were taken in homogeneous cohorts of female healthcare professionals serving as teachers of clinical departments of medical universities (33) or nurses (36) who gave an informed consent to participate in the study and filled out the questionnaire. The statistical software package Statistica 13 PL (StatSoft, USA) was used for statistical data processing. Results. In general, the respondents gave an adequate assessment of health effects of electronic device usage. Nurses and paramedics appeared to be the least trained in issues of the safe use of electronic devices. Almost 61 % of them had varying degrees of overweight and obesity; yet, 51.4 % of nurses and paramedics rated their health as good being aware of the risks related to overweight. Medical university staff adequately assessed potential health risks and demonstrated better skills of a safe use of electronic devices in everyday life, payed more attention to their physical activity and nutrition, and were committed to developing appropriate competencies in their students. Conclusion. Development of skills of a risk-free electronic device usage in healthcare professionals should begin in a medical school.
Creation of a Learning Environment Contributing to the Development
of Communication Competencies within the System of Continuing Education of Medical Doctors
Authors: Zhuravskaya NS , Bektasova MV , Okun’ BV , Yanovich VA
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The current state of the development of science and the society poses challenges to the pedagogical community and requires improvement of educational technologies to achieve a higher level of professional training of medical workers. Today, the search and development of effective teaching strategies for mastering fundamental and special professional knowledge is more relevant than ever.
Our objectives were to create a learning environment contributing to the development of communication competencies within the system of continuing education of medical workers and to test it on occupational therapists and hygienists studying in the Pacific State Medical University.
Materials and methods. First, we substantiated the hypothesis through the analysis of literary sources and legislative documents on the topic of the study. Second, we applied rapid diagnostic techniques (testing and a questionnaire-based survey) to study the level of development of communication competencies in healthcare professionals.
Results. To solve one of the study goals, we defined communication competencies of a medical practitioner as the ability not only to establish but also to maintain necessary relationships with other people, including the professional network, over the years. At the theoretical stage of our research, we substantiated the system of organizational, pedagogical and psychological conditions necessary for effective development of communication skills of a medical doctor. The practical stage involved the elaboration of individual programs of professional and self-development and their introduction into practical activities of the doctors.
Conclusion. Thus, according to the hypothesis of the study, implementation of the model of the development of communication competencies will help the medical practitioner expand professional communications enabling him to turn from a performer into a researcher and/or experimenter and master the skills of research activities, drafting projects and programs of experimental work.
Voltage Stability Analysis of an Interconnected Power System Considering Varied Output of Wind Power Plants
Authors: Nappu Muhammad Bachtiar , Arief Ardiaty , Maulidah Ainun
Published: August 2021

A sound power system must have voltage values at all buses that do not exceed the tolerance limit of ± 5% with small power losses. Voltage instability can be caused by interference or sudden power generation outage from the system. Indonesia's Southern Sulawesi power system has been interconnected with wind power plants located in Sidrap Regency and Jeneponto Regency. Wind speed energy used by wind power plants to generate electricity vary and not always constant. Hence, this can cause fluctuations and produce varied outputs that will affect the voltage profile and stability of the Southern Sulawesi interconnection system. Therefore, it is essential to assess the voltage stability of the Southern Sulawesi power system after the integration of Sidrap and Jeneponto WPPs. First, this study analyzes the voltage profile of the Southern Sulawesi interconnection system voltage after integrating the Sidrap wind power plants and Jeneponto Wind Power Plant during the peak day load and peak night load. Second, the study assesses the voltage stability with a varied output power of both Sidrap and Jeneponto Wind Power Plant. After integrating Sidrap and Jeneponto Wind Power Plants, the results showed that the voltage values at all system buses are stable and within the IEEE standard (between 0.95 p.u. and 1.05 p.u.). In addition, the voltages of the Southern Sulawesi power system with various outputs of both WPPs are still stable and within the IEEE standard.
New Concept of Universal Binary Multiplication and Its Implementation on FPGA
Authors: Madenda Sarifuddin , Harmanto Suryadi , Darmayantie Astie
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes the new improvements of signed binary multiplication equation, signed multiplier, and universal multiplier. The proposed multipliers have low complexity algorithms and are easy to implement into software and hardware. Both signed, and universal multipliers are embedded into FPGA by optimizing the use of LUTs (6-LUT and 5-LUT), carry chain Carry4, and fast carry logics: MUXCYs and XORCYs.Each one is implemented as a serial-parallel multiplier and parallel multiplier. The signed multiplier executes four types of multiplication, i.e., between two operands that each one can be a signed positive (SPN) or signed negative numbers (SNN). The universal multiplier can handle all (nine) types of multiplication, where each operand can be as unsigned(USN), signed positive, and signed negative numbers. For 8x8 bits, signed serial-parallel and signed parallel multipliers occupy19 LUTs and 58 LUTs with a logic time delay of 0.769 ns and 3.600 ns. Besides, for 8x8 bits, serial-parallel and parallel universal multipliers inhabit 21 LUTs and 60 LUTs with a logic time delay of 0.831ns and 3.677 ns, successively.
Preparing Households for the Oil Palm Replanting Program: Is an Empowerment Program Needed?
Authors: Novra Ardi , Fatati  , Adriani
Published: August 2021

This article describes a new idea of how the level of intervention in household empowerment policies is based on an empirical study of the magnitude of the negative impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting (SPR) program. One of the negative impacts is the temporary loss of income (TLI) for farmer households due to the cessation of production of oil palm fruit bunches. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the impact of the SPR program on household and regional economies as a basis for making decisions on the intensity level of community empowerment programs. The household survey research was conducted in three village centers for smallholder rubber plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia: Purwodadi Village, Dataran Kempas, and Sungai Keruh. The research result shows that the average potential TLI in each household is IDR 2,364,644/month (equivalent to 74.55% of the oil palm household income or 39.78% of the regional economy) if replanting palm oil is carried out. Purwodadi Village is the village most vulnerable to regional economic disturbances due to the high potential for TLI, reaching 99.43% of the oil palm household income and 67.06% of the regional economy. The level of TLI is influenced by factors of age and area of old oil palm plants, the proportion of households that will undergo the replanting process of oil palm, and the level of dependence of regions on oil palm farming. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is still a need for innovation and expansion of empowerment programs to encourage household readiness in facing the community oil palm rejuvenation program.
The Effect of Product Quality, Price Perception, Place Attachments, Promotion Frequency, and Human Resource Development on Economic Performance
Authors: Zulkarnain
Published: August 2021

This article describes a new idea about the factors that affect economic performance at the Meranti Islands, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product quality, price perception, place attachments, frequency of promotions, and human resource development on economic performance in the Meranti Islands, Indonesia. The research method was the purposive sampling technique. The populations in this study are MSMEs located in five districts in the Meranti Islands. The total sample taken was 100 MSMEs.The author stated that Product Quality, Price Perception, Place Attachments, Promotion Frequency, and Human Resource Development are important positive things for the Economic Performance of MSMEs in the Meranti Islands, Indonesia. The higher the value of Product Quality, Price Perception, Place Attachments, Frequency of Promotion, and Human Resource Development, the higher the value of the economic performance of MSMEs in the Meranti Islands, Indonesia. Previously, no research has comprehensively studied the Effect of Product Quality, Price Perception, Place Attachments, Frequency of Promotion, and Human Resource Development on Economic Performance, especially in MSMEs in the Meranti Islands, Indonesia. Based on that, enabling new research results can be used on MSMEs to improve their economic performance.
Breadfruit-Based Starch Nanoparticles Prepared Using Nanoprecipitation to Stabilize a Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Harsanto Bovi Wira , Pranoto Yudi , Supriyanto  , Kartini Indriana
Published: August 2021

This research describes the role of starch nanoparticles in stabilizing the surfactant-free emulsion, namely Pickering emulsion. However, the concentration of starch and NaOH during the preparation of starch nanoparticles as a Pickering emulsifier have not been studied. Thus, this study aimed to obtain the proper concentrations of starch and NaOH when preparing breadfruit-based starch nanoparticles as emulsifiers for a Pickering emulsion. This study varied the concentration of starch (1, 3,or 5 (%(w/v)) and NaOH (0.1875 and 0.375 M) to form a starch dispersion. Starch nanoparticles were acquired through the interactions between the solvent (starch dispersion) and the non-solvent (ethanol) during nanoprecipitation. Then, the starch nanoparticles were evaluated for particle characteristics and emulsifier properties in a Pickering emulsion during two weeks of storage. As a result, the mixture of 5% starch and 0.1875 M NaOH produces breadfruit starch nanoparticles with the smallest size distribution (mean size: 123 nm), amorphous state (V-type crystal pattern), high enthalpy (259.02 J/g), and the best emulsifier properties for a Pickering emulsion, which was stable for two weeks. These results develop knowledge about the potency of breadfruit-based starch nanoparticles using 5% starch with 0.1875 M NaOH in the food emulsion field, particularly to encapsulate bioactive ingredients in a Pickering emulsion.
Sentiment Analysis through Machine Learning
Authors: Khan Md. Abbas Ali , Ali-Emran  , Kabir Md. Alamgir , Ali Mohammad Hanif , Haque A. K. M. Fazlul
Published: August 2021

In recent years, App-Based Transportation System (ABTS) like Ride Sharing (Uber, Patho) has become popular day by day. For our daily life, a rickshaw (a 3-wheeled vehicle usually for one or two passengers that one man pulls) is most important for a short distance. If we add this vehicle to our ABTS system, it will be very much helpful for us, specifically for the rainy season in Bangladesh. On heavy rainy days, in our city Dhaka, other vehicles like CNG, cars, and bikes become unused because roads go underwater. However, the man who pulled the rickshaw can serve this condition. It is more important than the conventional rickshaw is unable to provide such service properly. In this regard, we are proposing an App-Based Rickshaw (ABR), which is convenient to get over distance through the internet. To do this, we have collected data through close questionnaires’ from several types of people. In contrast, collected data are based on a text document. So our aim is to Sentiment Analysis (SA) of the people through machine learning and checks the feasibility of applicability in the real world.
Perception of Agricultural Smallholder Farmers on Public Extension and Advisory Services in Ethekwini Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal Province
Authors: Nyawo Jabulani C. , Mubangizi B.C.
Published: August 2021

The government’s inability in South Africa to ensure that formulated programs, structures, and policies adequately accommodate smallholder farmers hinders the sector’s ability to grow and develop. This study examines the agricultural smallholder farmers’ perception of the service delivered by the extension and advisory officers. The researchers obtained the primary data from fifteen focus group discussions with the smallholder farmers and three senior government officials under the Department of Agriculture & Rural Development who willingly responded to face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Using thematic analysis, the authors found that the public extension &advisory Officers do not provide substantial support to smallholder farmers seeking access to markets. The study results also show that the agricultural smallholder farmers are dissatisfied with the public extension and advisory officers’ services. Smallholder farmers continue to experience numerous challenges, although the extension and advisory program was implemented to help farmers deal with some challenges for growth and sustainability. New results are expected to provide empirical evidence regarding the performance of extension and advisory officers on smallholder sectors’ development. Furthermore, study results can be used as guidelines for the government when considering the best approaches and capacity building for smallholder farmers.
Determinants Factor Influence Environmental Management Accounting and Corporate Environmental Performance: Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Fuadah Luk Luk , Kalsum Umi , Arisman Anton
Published: August 2021

This study examines (1) the effect of environmental strategy and Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and environmental activity management and decision quality; (2) the effect of EMA and decision quality; (3) the effect of decision quality and corporate environmental performance, and EMA and corporate environmental performance on companies with ISO 14001 certifications in Indonesia. We used online surveys to reach managers from companies that received ISO 14001 certifications on Indonesia Stock Exchange. We analyzed data from 54 respondents and using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. We find that environmental strategy has a positive impact on EMA. EMA has a positive and significant influence on a company’s environmental performance. Environmental activity management has a positive influence on decision quality. Decision quality also positively influences corporate environmental performance. However, we find no significant influence between EMA on decision quality. This study is limited by the low response rate from survey participants. We thus suggest that future research be conducted using qualitative methods. Another limitation is that the framework is not the best one. Thus, it is suggested that future research use another measurement for the variables and add other variables.