bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of combinations of polymorphisms of cytokine genes in the diagnosis of Legg–Calve–Perthes disease in children
Authors: Shabaldin Nikita A. , Shabaldin Andrey V. , Apalko Svetlana V. , Tsepokina Anna V. , Rovda Yuri I.
Published: January 2021

Background. LeggCalvePerthes disease (LCPD) is an idiopathic avascular femoral head osteonecrosis. The early disease stage is associated with the development of synovitis of the hip joint linked to the overproduction of factors induced by hypoxia as well as of interleukin (IL)-6. Associations of individual polymorphic variants of cytokine genes with LCPD have been shown. Moreover, alterations in the cytokine regulatory cascade are considered an important link in the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation in the early stages of LCPD. Accordingly, this process may be associated with a certain combination of polymorphic variants of the genes for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Aim. This study aimed to study the associations of polymorphic variants of the genes for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL with LCPD.
Materials and methods. In this casecontrol study, the main and control groups were composed of 26 children with LCPD and 40 healthy children (all aged 311 years), respectively. Genotyping of IL10 (rs1800896), IL13 (rs20541), IL18 (rs187238), IL18 (rs5744292), IL1a (rs1800587), IL1RA (POL_GF_58), IL-1Ra (rs4251961), IL1B (rs16944), IL1B (rs1143634), IL4 (POL_GF_59), IL4 (rs2243250), IL6 (rs1800796), IL6 (rs1800795), INF (rs2430561), TGF (rs1800469), and TNF (rs1800629) was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan probes to the corresponding polymorphic variants of genes produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA) on an amplifier ViiATM 7 RealTime PCR System (Life Technologies, USA). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the SNPstats program and multifactor dimensionality reduction.
Results. The study revealed three separate LCPD-potentiating genotypes of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes: IL10 (rs1800896; TC)*T/C (OR 6.50), IL4 (POL_GF_49, VNTR, Intron4)*2R/2R (OR 12.32), and IL-6 (rs1800796; GC)*G/C (OR 4.08). Two polymorphic variants of the IL4 gene (POL_GF_49, VNTR, Intron4, and rs2243250; CT) had a pronounced synergism with respect to the diagnosis of LCPD. Moderate synergy with respect to the diagnosis of LCPD demonstrated the intergenic interaction of IL6 (rs1800796, GC) with tumor necrosis factor- (rs1800629, GA). Moderate antagonism between LCPD and intergenic interactions was obtained for polymorphic variants of IL18 (rs5744292, TC) and transforming growth factor- (rs1800469, AG) genes.
Conclusions. The pathogenesis of synovitis and subsequent osteonecrosis in LCPD is associated with a combination of polymorphic variants of the genes of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as of DNA variants of the pro-allergic IL4 gene.
Accelerated versus standard Ponseti method for idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Savio Sherly Desnita , Maharjana Made Agus
Published: January 2021

Background. The standard Ponseti method is a mainstay of treatment for children with congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV); involving weekly manipulation and long-leg casting, this approach has proven to produce good long-term outcomes. However, it takes approximately 45 weeks to correct all deformity components, making compliance a challenge for patients with limited economic resources and difficulty reaching healthcare centres.
Aim. This study aims to compare treatment outcomes between standard Ponseti and an accelerated protocol applying the same casts but changing them more frequently, every 2-5 days for the CTEV pathology.
Methods. A systematic search was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant studies through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database. A total of seven studies (324 patients, 408 feet) were included in the meta-analysis. Five outcomes were compared between the two procedures: post-procedure Pirani score, relapse rate, tenotomy rate, number of casts, and total duration of treatment.
Results. For total duration of treatment, the accelerated Ponseti method was superior to standard Ponseti (24.25 vs. 41.54 days, p 0.00001). On the other hand, it achieved comparable efficacy as measured by post-procedure Pirani score (1.01 vs. 0.87, p = 0.19). Furthermore, the two procedures were also comparable in terms of the total number of casts needed (4.94 vs. 5.05, p = 0.76), tenotomy rate (73.29% vs. 65.27%, p = 0.07) , and relapse rate (27.72% vs 25.23%, p = 0.56).
Conclusion. Accelerated Ponseti offers similar efficacy and shorter duration of treatment compared to the standard Ponseti technique.
Preliminary results of surgical treatment of flexion-adduction contracture of the first ray of the hand in combination with dislocation in the metacarpophalangeal joint in patients with infantile cerebral palsy
Authors: Umnov Dmitry V. , Umnov Valery V. , Novikov Vladimir A. , Savina Margarita V.
Published: January 2021

Background. Surgical methods of treating flexionadduction contracture of the first ray of the hand in combination with dislocation in the metacarpophalangeal joint in patients with infantile cerebral palsy are divided into surgical interventions on soft tissues and bone surgeries aimed at stabilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint. We have developed a technique of temporary arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint in combination with the previously used operation to widen the first intercarpal space, combining the positive effects of both groups of operations: stability of arthrodesis with an installed metal structure that enable active movements in the joint in sufficient amplitude after its removal and early postoperative rehabilitation with a stabilized joint.
Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of surgical correction of flexionadduction contracture of the first ray of the hand in combination with metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation in the form of temporary arthrodesis of this joint and widening of the intermetacarpal space in patients with cerebral palsy.
Materials and methods. The study analyzed treatment outcomes of patients (n = 11) who underwent temporary arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint with an extra-bone plate for a period of 1 year and expansion of the first intermetacarpal space. Comparative analysis of the results was carried out 6 months after the operation, 1 year after the operation, and after hardware removal. The amplitude of passive and active movements in the metacarpophalangeal joint was analyzed. The functionality of the upper limb was assessed according to the international classification system MACS 2002 and the block and box test.
Results. At 1 year after surgery and removal of the fixation structure, the amplitude of both passive abduction (32.0) and extension (9.5) in the metacarpophalangeal joint increased, and the amplitude of the same movements (leads) increased by 25.5 in abduction and by 4.0 in extension when performed actively. The MACS indicator improved by 1 point. The average dynamics of the block and box test was seven additional cubes.
Conclusion. The proposed technique for temporary extra-articular arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint does not affect the intra-articular structures, unlike intra-articular arthrodesis, and therefore has clear advantages over the latter. This surgical treatment method is effective in increasing the amplitude of active and passive movements of the first ray of the hand and reduces muscle imbalance, which ultimately improves the function of the upper limb as a whole.
Scientific and practical conference: Turner readings 2020 – online
Authors: Solovyova Karina S. , Zaletina Anna V. , Ovechkina Alla V.
Published: January 2021

The annual all-Russian scientific and practical conference on topical issues of pediatric orthopedics and trauma surgery, named Turner readings, was held on October 8-0, 2020. All meetings, symposia, and workshops were held online due to the ban on mass events during the coronavirus pandemic. In total, 102 articles from Russia and neighboring countries were submitted for publication in Turner reading conference proceedings. The organizing committee chose to present reports that contained data on new research and opened up prospects for the future. Approximately 900 people were registered to participate in the conference as listeners. The sessions were broadcast simultaneously on three players. During the broadcast, more than 400 people were connected to listen simultaneously. This article briefly presents the topics of the meetings and interesting messages.
Dexamethasone Mechanism in Inflammatory Immune Mediated Disease and its Application in Treating 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Seo Soo , Priefer Ronny
Published: January 2021

Since the very first medical use of dexamethasone (DEX) in 1958, this glucocorticoid (GC) has been widely used in various clinical applications. Compared to other GCs, DEX is highly potent and comes in multiple formulations for ease of local and systemic administrations. Recently, DEX has a new application for treating COVID-19 patients. DEX mainly inhibits expressions of inflammatory proteins and transcription factors necessarily for cell proliferation. DEX can both upregulate and downregulate expressions of the genes that facilitates anti- inflammatory effects and immunosuppression. Key proteins involved in DEX pathways are NF- B, AP-1, COX-2, and annexin A1. When used appropriately, DEX can minimize inflammatory pain and damage but it can also delay patient recovery by immunosuppression. Due to this duality, DEX should be used with caution for treatment considerations. Long-term systemic use could lead to debilitating adverse reactions and firm recommendations should be established in treating both acute and chronic disease with DEX.
Effect of Closed Loop Medication Administration on Drug Returns in Inpatient Facilities
Authors: Ozturk Eceberil , Kose Ilker , Elmas Beytiye
Published: January 2021

Medication management in inpatient facilities is a crucial issue for patient safety. In inpatient conventional drug management, a common problem relates to drugs prescribed and delivered to patients being returned to the pharmacy without reason for the return. When reasons are given, they are not often regularly and correctly recorded. Closed Loop Medication Administration (CLMA) protects patient safety by managing all processes, including intake of the drug to the hospital's stock, administering the drug to the patient, and disposal of unused drugs using technology. CLMA is known to contribute positively to patient safety. However, there is no study on the effect of CLMA on the return of non-administered drugs. This study aims to analyze the effect of CLMA on drug return rates and investigate the data quality of reasons for drug returns. The research was carried out in three inpatient clinics of a Turkish state hospital (Bolu İzzet Baysal Public Hospital) where the CLMA was implemented in May of 2017. The data set obtained from the hospital information system (HIS) is anonymized. The study showed a significant increase in drug return rates after CLMA, and the data quality of drug return reasons is also significantly improved. These results show that CLMA contributes positively to drug return rates and the data quality of drug return reason records.
Patients’ empowerment and the role of patients’ education
Authors: Navarro Maria
Published: January 2021

Society has changed dramatically in recent decades not only from the demographic, social and economic point of view, but also from the educational aspect. The current population has higher levels of education than in previous times and can access information in a relatively easy way. In addition, the relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient has evolved from the paternalistic medicine to a more informed and participatory patient-provider relationship. Patient participation and empowerment in the health decision-making process means that the patient has the opportunity to share his/her opinion, knowledge, experience and expectations with other patients, as well as with the health professionals in order to make informed decisions. With this evolution of the role of the patient in the current society, patients have asked for multidisciplinary and coordinated work among professionals to respond to their needs for diagnosis, control and treatment. Patient's participation and empowerment can be conducted both, in the management of the disease, as well as helping to improve different aspects of health services. Participation and empowerment also mean representing other patients. In all cases, patients’ education and training, using clear and plain language, and patients’ confidence play a pivotal role. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the scope of the situation regarding patients’ empowerment and education.
Outcome of different cerclage methods in two cases of congenital cervical insufficiency: a case report
Authors: Thakur Pushpawati , Majumdar Sagarika , Chandrawanshi Veena , Singh Vinita , Rajbhar Sarita , Trigunait Pragati
Published: January 2021

Cervical insufficiency (CI) or progressive shortening and thinning of cervix is a contributor to perinatal mortality through spontaneous mid-trimester miscarriages or early preterm birth. Congenital factors for cervical insufficiency are rarer than acquired factors. The lack of definitive criteria or methods is a challenge for diagnosis of such cases. Different cerclage methods and timely cerclage have shown to improve the outcome of pregnancy in patients with congenital cervical insufficiency (CCI). Here, we report two cases of CCI managed with different methods of cerclage culminating in successful pregnancy outcomes.
Methods and difficulties of different ways in gaining central line access: a literature review
Authors: Alkholy Muhammad A. , Albarakati Jumanah T. , Rawas Mustafa M. , Rayes Lujain O. , Alghamdi Manal A. , Naaman Belal , Alyamani Wejdan A. , Alqahtani Awadh M. , Alrashidi Sultan S. , Amin Amin A. , Alyahyawi Talal S.
Published: January 2021

The central line is one of the vital techniques in medicine and it is widely used for critically ill patients’ resuscitation. Proper knowledge of the proper techniques and understanding how to choose the perfect central vein for each patient is considered a vital skill for physicians. In this study, we reviewed the literature to provide a simple guide for physicians. PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the following search terms (“Central line” or “central catheter”) and (“method” or “procedure” or “complication”). We included any study that reports the methods and difficulties of different ways of gaining central line access. Based on our results, the proper choice of the central line and the site of insertion are the determining factors for the success of the procedure and decreasing the risk of complications. The ultrasound-guided approach is considered the best option to avoid any injury of the vital structures.
Mortality among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and admitted to the ICU
Authors: Assaggaf Hussein , Alrashed Fahad Ahmed , Alsaluli Mansour Musaad , Alghamdi Hussain Saeed , Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh , Alrabie Muteb Saad , Alasmari Abdulrahman Hassan , Alsulaimani Abdullah Naif , Nasser Ahmed Essam , Bukhari Nada Abdulqader , Alzaidi Abdullah Abdulaziz
Published: January 2021

Many postoperative complications have been associated with orthopedic surgeries, which require patients to be admitted to intensive care units. In this study, we reviewed previous studies that reported the mortality rates for patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and have been admitted to the ICU, in addition to discussing the risk factors and complications for this event and the possible preventive measures. Studies showed that mortality rates in the ICU following orthopedic procedures are much lower than other procedures that are usually associated with higher rates of complications and deaths. However, serious efforts should be offered to decrease the development of complications that may increase the burdens of such cases. To achieve this, the identification of the possible risk factors is essential for decreasing this burden. We found that old age, the presence of comorbidities, the complexity of the procedure, and having large amounts of blood transfusion before the procedure might be significant factors for the development of severe complications and subsequent death. We have also discussed some complications like cardiovascular, cerebral, spinal, pulmonary, and renal disorders. Eliminating these disorders would require more effort for eliminating pain, applying appropriate doses of anesthetics, antibiotics, and beta-blockers.
Factors associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the Talaud islands regency
Authors: Kolibu Febi K. , Mandagi Chreisye , Kawatu Paul
Published: January 2021

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death for cases of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia. Basic Health Research in 2018 by the ministry of health of the republic of Indonesia found the number of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes mellitus has increased compared to revious research. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the Talaud Islands Regency.  Methods: This is a survey research using cross sectional method, the instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of samples are 100 people with purposive sampling technique.  Results: The results of the chi square analysis show that gender does not associate with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.641), age has no association with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.641), obesity and hypertension showed that there was a significant association (p value 0.033), family history and hypertension were associated (p value 0.033), no association between smoking and hypertension (p value 0.582), consumption of risky food do not have an association with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.612), there is no association between physical activity and the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.641), alcohol consumtion and hypertension were associated (p value 0.024), stress has no association with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.083).Conclusions: Factors associated with hypertension in the Talaud Islands Regency are obesity, family history of hypertension and alcohol consumption.
Post Covid-19 transition in dentists providing dental health care to children
Authors: Iftikhar Nahid , Dixit Shalini , Paul Akash
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate the post COVID-19 transition in dentist providing dental health care to children.

A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted among the dentists to assess the transition post COVID-19 towards dental health care to children. The survey was carried out with a sample of 110 respondents.

The results shows that the COVID-19 outbreak had definitely made the dentists uncomfortable in treating the patients and majority (55.4%) of them agree that even children can be asymptomatic carriers. Moreover, 83.7% of the dentists agreed that the PPE kit will definitely increase the fear and anxiety among the children, 75.5% dentists agreed that this will also lead to increase in the cost of the treatment. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic majority of the dentists never used the N2O for managing the pediatric patients and even after such scenario they are not planning to use N2O for pediatric behavior management.

Dental professionals must be fully aware of 2019-nCoV spreading modalities, how to identify patients with this infection, and, most importantly, self-protection considerations. The aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures have the potential to spread infection to dental personnel and other people in the dental office. Dentists can play a significant role in disrupting the transmission chain, thereby reducing the incidence of disease by simply postponing all non-emergency dental care for all patients.
Yoga therapy in treatment of migrainous headache: Case report
Authors: Gothwal Sunil , Jeph Dheeraj , Choudhary Ramesh , Dube Amitabh , Shyam Bairwa Ghan
Published: January 2021

Migraine is a neurological disorder with variable prevalence, affecting females more commonly. Pharmacological treatment is well known. Role of yoga is not well known in treatment of Migraine. Here we present a case of migraine, which treated with structured yoga sessions under supervision of qualified instructor.
Pulmonary agenesis with VACTERL association: A rare case with review of literature
Authors: Choudhary Ramesh , Gupta Ashok , Kumar Athwani Vivek , Kotiya Vidhi
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary agenesis is an extremely rare congenital malformation with an estimated frequency of 1 in 10000-15000 autopsies and 34 per million live births. In 50% cases it is associated with other malformations i.e. cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and renal. We report a rare case of a male neonate with right pulmonary agenesis associated with VACTERL sequence (L5 hemi-vertebra, right absent kidney with left ectopic kidney and right radial agenesis). This association was never reported in published literature.
Educational leadership from a philosophical and Islamic perspective
Authors: Dini Muhammad Nasri
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn educational leader must comprehend educational leadership theory to perform good leadership. A lot of educational practitioners have not understood yet. What does educational leadership mean? How does philosophical and Islamic view see educational leadership? This research aims at explaining them to society mainly for those who contribute to Islamic institutions by applying a library research approach, moreover for the source of data the author takes documentation in form of a notebook, journal article, and other written data or documents. Based on the philosophical view, educational leadership shall suit ontology, epistemology, and axiology theories. The varieties of philosophical leadership are coming from Plato, Aristoteles, and Machiavelli. While in the Islamic view, the leader requires to have prophet Muhammad's characters, for instance: sidiq/honest; amanah/trustworthy; tabligh/communicative; and fathonah/intelligent.
О ПРИОРИТЕТЕ М.Л. НОВИКОВА В РАЗРАБОТКЕ
Authors:   EATON Corp, Радзевич Степан Павлович
Published: January 2021

В статье изложена точка зрения автора о роли и вкладе М.Л. Новикова в разработку нового вида зубчатых зацеплений, впоследствие получившего название “зацепление Новикова”. Приведены краткие биографические сведения о М.Л. Новикове и о Э. Вильдгабере, которого часто и незаслуженно называют со-разработчиком зацепления Новикова. Проанализирована геометрия и кинематика зацепления Новикова и показано принципиальное его отличие от ранее предложенного Вильдгабером зацепления с круговым профилем зубьев. При написании статьи преследовалась цель привлечь внимание заинтересованного читателя к вопросу о приоритете М.Л. Новикова в разработке нового вида зубчатых зацеплений. Для этого кратко анализируется ситуация, сложившаяся вокруг зацепления Новикова более чем через 60 лет после его изобретения. Кратко намечены возможные пути совершенствования зацепления Новикова. Обсуждение вопроса о приоритете М.Л. Новикова в разработке нового вида зубчатых зацеплений в настоящее время приобретает особый смысл в связи с приближающимся 110- летием (в 2025 году) со дня рождения изобретателя и ученого.
The Protective Effects of Origanum vulgare L. Extract on Genetic Damage of Cyclophosphamide in Mice Blood Lymphocytes Using Micronucleus Test
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Habibi Emran , Shadboorestan Amir , Chabra Aroona , Ahmadi Amirhossein
Published: January 2021

Background: Despite its various clinical applications, cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, has demonstrated numerous side effects, including genetic toxicity.
Objectives: This study investigated the protective action of Origanum vulgare L., a powerful antioxidant plant, on the genotoxicity of CP in the mice blood lymphocytes.
Methods: The mice were pre-treated orally with different doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg O. vulgare ethanolic extract once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the final dose of O. vulgare, each animal received a single intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg CP. After 24 hours, the preventive effect of O. vulgare was evaluated using an in vitro micronucleus (Mn) test in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes, which is a reliable genotoxicity test. All doses of O. vulgare caused significant reductions in the CP-induced Mn formation, which served as an indicator of DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Results: The total reduction of the Mn in binucleated lymphocytes were 67% and 75% for doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of O. vulgare, respectively (P<0.001). The antioxidant plant demonstrated dose-dependent protective effects against CP-induced Mn formation and genotoxicity in the blood lymphocytes of the mice. O. vulgare can reduce the damage to DNA through its potent antioxidation activity and free radical scavenging properties.
Conclusion: Since it is widely used as a safe herbal medicine for many diseases, O. vulgare could be used to relieve the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide, especially against the genetic damages of normal cells in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Autoregressive Integration Moving Average (ARIMA) Model for Prices of Selected Grains in the South West Nigeria
Authors: Dauda Taofik O. , Tiamiyu-Ibrahim S.
Published: January 2021

Background: Price serves as signals of relative scarcity as well as abundance of a given agricultural product. Prices of agricultural products vary from month to month and even from day to day and this constitutes a source of risk to farmers whose livelihood depends on good pricing of their products. Method: This study was conducted to identify pattern of price dynamics and to develop model for price dynamics of beans, yellow maize and local rice using monthly price data of grains from the National Bureau of Statistics (2006-2015). Result: The rk of the beans followed a regular decline ranging from 0.4035 to 1 while those (rk) of yellow maize and local rice follow non regular decline with the range 0.1448 – 1(yellow maize) and 0.2945 -1 (local rice) thus indicating that the data are non-stationary. The corrected Akaike information criteria (AICC) and other information obtained for the ARIMA1,2,2 were higher than those of ARIMA2,2,2. The AICC obtained for the ARIMA1,2,2 are 958.422 (beans), 1178.169 (yellow Maize) and 1211.778 (local rice). The ARIMA2,2,2 was thence favored above ARIMA1,2,2.
Effect of Fertigation and Mulching on Root Studies and Crop Growth Indices for Seed Production in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Nagegowda N.S. , Senthivel T.
Published: January 2021

Background: Okra is an important vegetable crop in India, Method of fertilization also plays an important role in supplying the nutrient to the plants because, the efficacy of fertilizers applied in soil being low due to various losses and fixation, mainly in area of problematic soil. Water and fertilizers are the two important inputs which are used scientifically and judiciously through precision farming technologies to increase productivity, profitability and nutrient use efficiency in okra seed yield and quality. Methods: The experiments were conducted during kharif 2016 and kharif 2017 to study the effect of precision farming technologies including fertigation and black polythene mulching to know the crop growth, yield, quality of seeds and root studies in okra seeds var. Arka Anamika and at ICAR-IIHR Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replication and four treatments each with mulch and on mulch viz., 100:50:75 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 100:50:100 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 T3-150:75:112.5 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 T4- 150:75:150 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 compared with soil application treatments. Result: Application of water soluble fertilizer @ T4-150:75:150 NPK kg/ha through fertigation either mulch (14.05q/ha) or non mulch (11.83q/ha) recorded significantly higher seed yield than fertilizer through soil application (9.92 q/ha).Similarly significantly higher value of Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and root character were observed in the NPK fertigation treatment with or without mulch than the soil application of fertilizers (NPK soil application @ 100:50:100kg per ha (T9) and NPK soil application @ 150:75:150kg per ha (T10). Significantly higher root parameter tap root length (21.03cm), average length of primary roots (64.63cm), number of primary roots (10.83 nos), fibrous roots arising from main stem (26 nos) and root dry weight (23.07 g/plant) were recorded in the T4-150:75:150 NPK kg ha-1 through fertigation (WSF) with mulch than the fertigation without mulch and fertilizer applied through soil.
Growth Response of Assam Local Goats under Intensive Farming
Authors: Hoque J. , Deka R.J. , Sarma N.K. , Ahmed H.F. , Laskar S.K.
Published: January 2021

Background: The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field to study the growth response and efficiency of feed conversion of Assam local goats under different systems of management.Methods: Twenty goats of one month of age were randomly selected in village Lachima of Nalbari district, Assam. The goats were randomly divided in two groups comprising of ten kids in each group viz, T0 (Control) where goats were reared under extensive system of management with traditional grazing and browsing and T1 (Experimental) where goats were reared under intensive system of management with ad lib. concentrate and fodder feeding. Conclusion: The average initial and final body weight of the goats during the experimental periods in T0 and T1 groups were recorded as 2.90±0.03 kg and 2.89±0.04 kg and 10.36±0.26 kg and 16.05±0.53 kg respectively with highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) from 3rd week of the experiment till the end of the experiment. The overall changes in body measurement showed highly significant difference between the groups. The feed conversion efficiency on DM basis was recorded as 3.49 in the treatment group. Due to significantly higher growth rate in the intensive management system, it assures higher income in small holders’ goat production system.
Assignment of a Claim Under an Obligation in Which the Identity of the Obligee Is Essential for the Obligor
Authors: Martsun A. A.
Published: January 2021

The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution of December 21, 2017 No. 54 “On some issues of application of the provisions of Chapter 24 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the change of persons in an obligation on the basis of a transaction", which sets out important clarifications regarding the application standards contained in this chapter. At the same time, not all issues related to the assignment of the claim were resolved by the above resolution. One of these issues is the definition of the term “essential value of the identity of the creditor” or approximate criteria for such a value in the context of the need to obtain the latter’s consent to the assignment of rights. The presence of this problem is rightly indicated in the scientific literature [3, p. 549–655, 688–713].

 The Author examines the Model Rules of European Private Law and the UNIDROIT principles in order to find a solution to the problem. Attention is drawn to the problem of determining the essential value of the creditor for the debtor in the case of assignment of the right of claim, as well as to the consequences of making the assignment without the consent of the debtor under an obligation in which the identity of the creditor was essential.

In the Author's opinion, the identity of the creditor is recognized as essential for the debtor when the connection between the debtor and the creditor arose as a result of the conclusion of a transaction that has a personallyconfidential nature, or if the connection arose during the conclusion of other transactions in the case when the connection was broken during the execution assignment of rights entails or may entail a significant deprivation for the debtor of what he had the right to count on when concluding a transaction with the creditor.

In addition, situations are considered that are an exception to the presumption of the absence of a significant value of the creditor's personality for the assignment of claims for monetary obligations.

 The author also points out that the consequence of the transaction on the assignment of rights without the consent of the debtor in the context of paragraph 2 of Art. 388 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is the nullity of the transaction on the basis of paragraph 2 of Art. 168 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Public Danger of Corruption Crimes in the Sphere of Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Kel'm S. I.
Published: January 2021

Currently, housing and communal services as a specific form of socio-economic relations are most susceptible to criminal influence. The Author of the article examines corruption crimes in the field of housing and communal services (HCS) from the point of view of public danger. Corruption as a social and legal phenomenon continues to be a dangerous factor in the development of the housing and utilities sector. The article draws attention to the systemic nature of corruption crimes in the housing sector. It is noted that the majority of crimes in the housing and communal sector are stable corruption and are committed by officials, as well as by persons performing organizational, administrative and administrative functions at the enterprises of housing and communal services. The criminals have adapted to the new system of functioning of the housing and communal services and forms of control over its activities. They began to more often involve enterprise accountants, relatives and other close persons in their criminal schemes, thereby forming a stable criminal group in which all roles are carefully distributed and thought out. The Author analyzes judicial practice in corruption-related cases in the field of housing and communal services. The most typical ways of committing crimes in this area are shown. Attention is paid to violations related to the resettlement of citizens from hazardous housing. The issue of the organization of natural monopoly in our country, which reduce the effectiveness of the existing measures of state control and which directly affect the growth of corruption crimes, is investigated. Attention is focused on the deliberate obfuscation of the property rights of resource-supplying organizations and the withdrawal of income to offshore zones. The factors that contribute to the growth of corruption crimes in this industry are noted. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the social danger of corruption crimes in the sphere of housing and communal services is conditioned by a high level of organization, selfish involvement of officials in the redistribution of funds in their favor, as well as the intricacy of schemes and methods of withdrawing funds from enterprises of housing and communal services.
Drug Policy in Hungary: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Tihanyi M. , Mátyás S. , Vári V. , Krasnova K. A.
Published: January 2021

The authors consider the theoretical and applied problems of preventing illicit traffic in drugs and psychotropic substances in Hungary in the legal and criminological aspects. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the Hungary's third drug strategy expires in 2020 (2013-2020), so a new strategy needs to be developed, but it is not yet known what guidelines it will have, what priorities will be offered to set in it.

The study was conducted with a view to considering the legal framework for the prevention of illicit traffic of drugs and psychotropic substances and the problem of its improvement in Hungary. To achieve this goal, the authors analysed statistics on drug use, types and quantity of drugs seized by law enforcement agencies for the last five years. The authors give a description of the drug situation, territorial features of drug use and a multilevel system of measures to counter illegal traffic in drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level. The authors pay special attention to the age and gender characteristics of drug use, which makes it possible to identify the most vulnerable groups, which should be supported by state preventive programs. The authors also analysed data on mortality from drug use and concluded that from 2010 onwards methadone and other non-opiate drugs predominated in death.

Based on the results of the study, current trends in drug use in Hungary were summarized. The results obtained are important for the development of an anti-drug strategy and the improvement of legislation, as well as for the prevention of law enforcement agencies, both Hungary and other European countries.
Features of Signature Verification By a Person as a Primary Criteria for Developing an Artificial Intelligence System
Authors: Bakhteev D. V.
Published: January 2021

The modern capabilities of computers have returned interest in artificial intelligence technologies. A particular area of application of these technologies is pattern recognition, which can be applied to the traditional forensic task – identification of signs of forgery (imitation) of a signature. The results of forgery are differentiated into three types: auto-forgery, simple and skilled forgeries. Only skilled forgeries are considered in this study. The online and offline approaches to the study of signatures and other handwriting material are described. The developed artificial intelligence system based on an artificial neural network refers to the offline type of signature recognition – that is, it is focused on working exclusively with the consequences of the signature – its graphic image. The content and principles of the formation of a hypothesis for the development of an artificial intelligence system are described with a combination of humanitarian (legal) knowledge and natural-technical knowledge. At the initial stage of the study, in order to develop an experimental-applied artificial intelligence system based on an artificial neural network focused on identifying forged signatures, 127 people were questioned in order to identify a person's ability to detect fake signatures. It was found that under experimental conditions the probability of a correct determination of the originality or forgery of the presented signature for the respondent is on average 69.29 %. Accordingly, this value can be used as a threshold for determining the effectiveness of the developed artificial intelligence system. In the process of preparing the dataset (an array for training and verification of its results) of the system in terms of fraudulent signatures, some forensically significant features were revealed, associated with the psychological and anatomical features of the person performing the forgery, both known to criminalistics and new ones. It is emphasized that the joint development of artificial intelligence systems by the methods of computer science and criminalistics can generate additional results that may be useful outside the scope of the research tasks.
Problems of Appointment and Production of Forensic Computer-Technical Expertise
Authors: Sysenko A. R. , Smirnova I. S. , Timoshenko S. E.
Published: January 2021

Due to the specifics of crimes committed on the Internet and the need to involve competent persons with special knowledge in the field of information and computing technologies and information and computer technology in criminal proceedings, the appointment of computer and technical expertise is relevant in the investigation of most online crimes. Electronic (digital) information that is the subject of criminal encroachment or a means of committing a socially dangerous act on the Internet can be correctly collected, examined and examined only by specialists or with their assistance.

In scientific research on computer-technical expertise, the definition of its concept is not formulated, the distinctive features of this type of expertise are analyzed exclusively through the description of specific objects of such expertise. The article proves that the name "computer-technical expertise" is the most optimal term that semantically combines the study of both the device itself, that is, hardware, and its components, as well as system software, information data that includes various types of text and graphic documents.

The problems of performing forensic computer-technical examinations are based on objective and subjective reasons. Problems that do not depend on the expert's professional competence (objective) appear even before the start of production of the type of expertise under consideration. For example, failure to comply with the requirements of the criminal procedure form when collecting electronic documents or computer equipment during investigative actions prevents the expert from preparing a reliable, respectively, and acceptable conclusion. It is also important to take into account the continuous improvement of software and hardware used in criminal activities, which inevitably causes the need to modify and optimize the methods of conducting examinations.

The article defines the concept, principles of forensic computer-technical expertise, its types, objects of research and opportunities in the investigation and detection of crimes. Almost any handling of computer information requires the use of special knowledge. Therefore, the authors emphasize the possibilities of forensic computer- technical expertise in solving diagnostic and identification problems, analyze the problems of assigning and producing computer-technical expertise.
“Unsubscription” as a Violation of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on the Procedure for Considering Citizens’ Appeals: Problem Statement
Authors: Glukhov E. A.
Published: January 2021

The word “unsubscription” has long been firmly used by Russian citizens, but this social phenomenon has not yet been studied in practice in legal science. In this article, the Author tried to fill this gap and analyze the nature of the replies of modern Russian officials, classify them, and identify the causes and conditions that determine them.

When preparing the article, we used methods of formal logic-comparison, description, classification, analysis, synthesis, etc., which allowed us to characterize the existing system of consideration of citizens from the position of its normative content. Among the private scientific methods, the formal-legal method used in the analysis of legal norms on consideration of appeals was used; logical-legal method, by which the content of legal norms in relation to the problem under consideration was studied; specifically, it is a sociological approach that was used in the analysis of statistical data related to the research problem.

The Author offers a classification of unsubscriptions depending on their content, the motive for writing, the circle of subjects, and the degree of multiplicity. Separately, the article analyzes formal responses with little content, sent from higher and Supervisory authorities, if the applicant applies to them after receiving a response from another authority and disagrees with it. On the example of specific unsubscriptions, we analyze options for evading inspections by law enforcement officials related to violations of the rights of citizens-applicants.

The author cites corporate rules of conduct, a desire to get rid of work, “defending the honor of the uniform”, excessive secrecy of activities, as well as the impunity of the official who prepared the response as reasons for the formal attitude to his responsibility for a comprehensive and objective review of appeals.

Take measures to prevent violations of the rights of citizens in the sphere of consideration of their applications, in particular, the introduction to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative offenses of article 5.59, not removed the relevance of the problem. As a rule, punishments under this article occur due to violation of the terms of consideration of appeals or even from evasion of giving a response to appeals, but the completeness and semantic load of the response itself are not studied. The author makes some suggestions for improving the effectiveness of interaction between people and authorities.
Administrative Delicts and Administrative Delict Law
Authors: Spiridonov P. E.
Published: January 2021

The subject of study in this paper are administrative-delict legal relations and the terms associated with this kind of relations. The purpose of the study is to analyze the nature of offences and administrative delicts. It is stated that the use of the term “delictum” it's been a certain evolution from private legal term in the sense of “delicta private” to the term, which can be used both in the sense of “delicta private” and value of “delicta publica”. The conclusion is that the term “delict” may be used in public relations and administrative legal use of the term “administrative delict”. Expanding the range of investigated administrative and delict relations, entails a change and the essential characteristics of administrative offenses, and also creates preconditions for formation of administrative-tort system of prevention of offenses, including not only administrative offences but also other offences that are not related to crimes and civil offenses. In this case, the responsibility should be named administrative and delict, which, in essence, will include a modern administrative and administrative-disciplinary liability. Depending on the nature of the administrative delict may be subdivided into administrative offense and administrative misdemeanor. The essential characteristics of an administrative offense should be upheld, and administrative misdemeanor must be attributed those acts which are now administrative and disciplinary misconduct. With this division of administrative delicts it is possible to realize a codification of administrative and delict legislation, i.e. the creation of Administrative-delict code of the Russian Federation. The work also made the assumption that procedural violations are treated as administrative delict. An attempt is made to distinguish between material legal relations in administrative law and administrative procedural legal relations. Concluded that you cannot mix administrative-tort legal relations, as a kind of material with tort and procedural legal relations. In turn, tort and procedural legal relations are an integral part of administrative and legal proceedings, and administrative delict production is an integral part of the administrative process. The methodological basis of the article is dialectical, formal logical methods, formal-legal method and method of interpretation of law.