bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keuangan bagi Wirausaha
Authors: Nuzula Nila Firdausi , Damayanti Cacik Rut , Utami Rachma Bhakti
Published: February 2024

Buku ini menyajikan gambaran komprehensif yang membekali wirausaha pengetahuan dan alat penting untuk menavigasi dunia keuangan bisnis yang kompleks. Dalam landscape bisnis yang kompetitif saat ini, pemahaman dan pengelolaan keuangan secara efektif sangat penting untuk keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan usaha apa pun. Buku ini memberikan wawasan praktis, strategi dan saran untuk membantu wirausaha membuat keputusan keuangan yang tepat, mendapatkan pendanaan, dan membangun landasan keuangan yang kokoh untuk bisnis. Bab-bab dalam buku ini mengupas topik penting dalam pengelolaan keuangan. Pertama, perencanaan bisnis dan keuangan, yang membantu pembaca membuat rencana bisnis yang komprehensif, termasuk proyeksi keuangan. Bab ini kemudian diikuti dengan pembahasan pengelolaan dan perhitungan modal dan uraian institusi penyedia modal. Pengusaha pemula sering menghadapi tantangan ketika mencari pendanaan awal. Pilihan sumber pendanaan termasuk modal ventura, crowdfunding, dan pinjaman tradisional. Bab ini memandu pembaca memilih opsi yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan spesifik wirausaha. Kedua, tata kelola perusahaan. Pembahasan ini menjadi ciri khas buku yaitu mengingatkan wirausaha bahwa meskipun dalam usaha rintisan dan berskala kecil, tetap saja wirausaha harus menerapkan prinsip tata kelola usaha yang baik, agar mendapatkan dukungan dari pemangku kepentingan eksternal seperti pemerintah dan penyedia modal, dan memastikan kelangsungan hidup usaha. Ketiga, fundamental keuangan, yaitu meliputi manajemen aset keuangan, pencatatan transaksi dan penyusunan laporan keuangan dan macam-macam analisis kinerja keuangan yang diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat. Keempat, pencapaian nilai usaha serta keberlanjutan bisnis. Kajian ini memberikan informasi bagaimana menilai ekonomis suatu bisnis rintisan atau usaha skala kecil. Sementara pembahasan keberlanjutan bisnis membahas kemampuan usaha bisnis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan saat ini tanpa mengorbankan kepentingan generasi mendatang. Konsep ini mengemuka sejalan dengan pelibatan setiap usaha bisnis dalam program pelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan sosial tanpa mengurangi pencapaian keberlanjutan nilai ekonomi. Buku ini menjadi bacaan penting bagi wirausaha yang ingin memulai usaha atau memastikan usaha bisnisnya bertumbuh. Buku ini dilengkapi studi kasus untuk menggambarkan contoh praktis bagaimana wirausaha lain sukses mengelola usaha rintisan. Buku ini menjadi teman pembaca untuk menyelami dan mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan keuangan pada usaha bisnis.
Manajemen Kas Daerah: Teori dan Praktik
Authors: Ghofar Abdul , Eryanto Dedy , Lestari Titin Rita
Published: February 2024

Buku “Manajemen Kas Daerah” ini hadir untuk menjadi salah satu referensi keuangan daerah di Indonesia. Selain itu, buku ini sangat relevan, karena mengulas manajemen kas di daerah secara teori sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku saat ini, dan juga dilengkapi dengan praktiknya di lapangan. BPK juga menaruh perhatian khusus atas pengelolaan kas di pemda. Beberapa tema pemeriksaan yang telah dilaksanakan erat hubungannya dengan efektivitas upaya pemda mengelola kas daerah, seperti Mandatory dan Quality Spending, serta Pengelolaan Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Secara prinsip, kesuksesan pemda dalam pengelolaan Mandatory dan Quality Spending serta Pendapatan Asli Daerah tidak terlepas dari implementasi manajemen kas daerah yang cermat.
Association Between Pharmacy Proximity With Cardiovascular Medication Use and Risk Factor Control in the United States
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Sharareh Nasser , Guadamuz Jenny S. , Berchie Ransmond O. , Derington Catherine G. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Mondesir Favel L. , Alexander G. Caleb , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika , Vos Robert O. , Qato Dima M. , Bress Adam P.
Published: February 2024

Background

Poor neighborhood‐level access to health care, including community pharmacies, contributes to cardiovascular disparities in the United States. The authors quantified the association between pharmacy proximity, antihypertensive and statin use, and blood pressure (BP) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) among a large, diverse US cohort.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional analysis of Black and White participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study during 2013 to 2016 was conducted. The authors designated pharmacy proximity by census tract using road network analysis with population‐weighted centroids within a 10‐minute drive time, with 5‐ and 20‐minute sensitivity analyses. Pill bottle review measured medication use, and BP and LDL‐C were assessed using standard methods. Poisson regression was used to quantify the association between pharmacy proximity with medication use and BP control, and linear regression for LDL‐C. Among 16 150 REGARDS participants between 2013 and 2016, 8319 (51.5%) and 8569 (53.1%) had an indication for antihypertensive and statin medication, respectively, and pharmacy proximity data. The authors did not find a consistent association between living in a census tract with higher pharmacy proximity and antihypertensive medication use, BP control, or statin medication use and LDL‐C levels, regardless of whether the area was rural, suburban, or urban. Results were similar among the 5‐ and 20‐minute drive‐time analyses.

Conclusions

Living in a low pharmacy proximity census tract may be associated with antihypertensive and statin medication use, or with BP control and LDL‐C levels. Although, in this US cohort, outcomes were similar for adults living in high or low pharmacy proximity census tracts.
Preventive Interventions to Reduce the Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Populations at Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimanda Panduleni Penipawa , Shumba Tonderai W. , Brunström Mattias , Iipinge Scholastika N. , Söderberg Stefan , Lindholm Lars , Norström Fredrik
Published: February 2024

Background

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a devastating yet preventable condition that disproportionately affects low‐middle–income countries and indigenous populations in some high‐income countries. Various preventive interventions have been implemented across the globe, but evidence for the effectiveness of these measures in reducing the incidence or prevalence of acute rheumatic fever and RHD is scattered. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of preventive interventions and identify the strategies used to reduce the burden of RHD.

Methods and Results

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies on RHD prevention interventions including interventions for primordial, primary, and secondary prevention. Effectiveness measures for the interventions were gathered when available. The findings indicate that school‐based primary prevention services targeting the early detection and treatment of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis infection with penicillin have the potential to reduce the incidence of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever. Community‐based programs using various prevention strategies also reduced the burden of RHD. However, there is limited evidence from low‐middle–income countries and a lack of rigorous evaluations reporting the true impact of the interventions. Narrative synthesis was performed, and the methodological quality appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Conclusions

This systematic review underscores the importance of various preventive interventions in reducing the incidence and burden of Group A
Streptococcus
pharyngitis, acute rheumatic fever, and RHD. Rigorous evaluations and comprehensive analyses of interventions are necessary for guiding effective strategies and informing public health policies to prevent and reduce the burden of these diseases in diverse populations.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
; Unique identifier: CRD42020170503.
Monitoring of Remotely Reprogrammable Implantable Loop Recorders With Algorithms to Reduce False‐Positive Alerts
Authors: Neiman Zachary M. , Raitt Merritt H. , Rohrbach Gregory , Dhruva Sanket S.
Published: February 2024

Background

Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) are increasingly placed for arrhythmia detection. However, historically, ≈75% of ILR alerts are false positives, requiring significant time and effort for adjudication. The LINQII and LUX‐Dx are remotely reprogrammable ILRs with dual‐stage algorithms using artificial intelligence to reduce false positives, but their utility in routine clinical practice has not been studied.

Methods and Results

We identified patients with the LINQII and LUX‐Dx who were monitored by the Veterans Affairs National Cardiac Device Surveillance Program between March and June 2022. ILR programming was customized on the basis of implant indication. All alerts and every 90‐day scheduled transmissions were manually reviewed. ILRs were remotely reprogrammed, as appropriate, after false‐positive alerts or 2 consecutive same‐type alerts, unless there was ongoing clinical need for that alert. Outcomes were total number of transmissions and false positives. We performed medical record review to determine if patients experienced any adverse clinical events, including hospitalization and mortality. Among 117 LINQII patients, there were 239 total alerts, 43 (18.0%) of which were false positives. Among 105 LUX‐Dx patients, there were 300 total alerts, 115 (38.3%) of which were false positives. LINQIIs were reprogrammed 22 times, resulting in a decrease in median alerts/day from 0.13 to 0.03. LUX‐Dx ILRs were reprogrammed 52 times, resulting in a decrease from 0.15 to 0.01 median alerts/day. There were no adverse clinical events that could have been identified by superior or earlier arrhythmia detection.

Conclusions

ILRs with artificial intelligence algorithms and remote reprogramming ability are associated with reduced alert burden because of higher true‐positive rates than prior ILRs, without missing potentially consequential arrhythmias.
Stroke and Risk of Epilepsy: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Ebbesen Mads Qvist Buur , Dreier Julie Werenberg , Andersen Grethe , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Christensen Jakob
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Stroke is associated with a risk of epilepsy, but associations with age, sex, stroke type and severity, time trends, and mortality are uncertain. We studied the risk of epilepsy after stroke while accounting for sex, age, stroke types and severity, calendar time, and death.

METHODS:

This was a prospective nationwide register-based, matched cohort study of patients admitted with a validated first stroke in Denmark from April 1, 2004, to December 16, 2018, excluding those with prior epilepsy. Patients with stroke were matched 10:1 on age, sex, and calendar time with reference people without prior epilepsy or stroke. We estimated the cumulative incidence of an epilepsy diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (
International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision
: G40) with death as a competing risk using competing risk regression and estimated adjusted hazard ratios by Cox regression models.

RESULTS:

We identified 101 034 patients with stroke (46.5% female; mean age, 70.4 years) who survived 14 days after stroke along with 1 010 333 matched reference people. Two years after the stroke, the cumulative incidence of epilepsy was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.9–3.2) after ischemic stroke and 8.6% (95% CI, 8.0–9.2) after intracerebral hemorrhage versus 0.7% (95% CI, 0.7–0.7) in the matched references. Compared with the reference population, the 2-year hazard ratio of epilepsy was 21.7 (95% CI, 20.3–23.2) after ischemic stroke and 61.3 (95% CI, 51.1–73.4) after intracerebral hemorrhage. The risk of epilepsy increased with stroke severity; the 2-year cumulative incidence of epilepsy was 10.5% (95% CI, 9.5–11.4) for very severe ischemic stroke and 13.1% (95% CI, 11.1–15.1) after very severe intracerebral hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this population-based study of patients with validated stroke, the absolute and relative risk estimates of poststroke epilepsy were lower compared with previous studies. Reasons for the lower risk estimates include accounting for the high mortality associated with stroke, which had a significant impact on risk especially for severe stroke.
Assessing the Relative Progressivity of the Biden Administration's Federal Student Loan Forgiveness Proposal
Authors: Goss Jacob , Mangrum Daniel , Scally Joelle
Published: February 2024

We quantify the total stock of balances eligible for the Biden administration's 2022 student loan forgiveness proposal and examine which groups would have benefited most. Up to $442 billion in loans were eligible. Those who would have benefited most were younger, had lower credit scores, and lived in lower- and middle-income neighborhoods. We also find that Black and Hispanic borrowers would have disproportionately benefited from the proposal. We then compare the distribution of beneficiaries for the proposed policy to several alternative hypothetical forgiveness proposals and three existing tax credits. The additional forgiveness for Pell Grant recipients increased the progressivity of the policy at a cost of $129 billion. Reducing the income eligibility criterion in half from the proposal would have reduced the cost by nearly $100 billion and made the policy more progressive. Compared with existing tax credits, the announced forgiveness policy is less progressive than the Earned Income Tax Credit but more progressive than the 2019 Child Tax Credit and higher education tax credits. We conclude with a discussion of how each policy lever affects the progressivity of loan cancellation to help inform future policy.
Quantifying Bias in Hierarchical Category Systems
Authors: Warburton Katie , Kemp Charles , Xu Yang , Frermann Lea
Published: February 2024

Categorization is ubiquitous in human cognition and society, and shapes how we perceive and understand the world. Because categories reflect the needs and perspectives of their creators, no category system is entirely objective, and inbuilt biases can have harmful social consequences. Here we propose methods for measuring biases in hierarchical systems of categories, a common form of category organization with multiple levels of abstraction. We illustrate these methods by quantifying the extent to which library classification systems are biased in favour of western concepts and male authors. We analyze a large library data set including more than 3 million books organized into thousands of categories, and find that categories related to religion show greater western bias than do categories related to literature or history, and that books written by men are distributed more broadly across library classification systems than are books written by women. We also find that the Dewey Decimal Classification shows a greater level of bias than does the Library of Congress Classification. Although we focus on library classification as a case study, our methods are general, and can be used to measure biases in both natural and institutional category systems across a range of domains.1
On the Antiquity of the Virginity Blessing
Authors: Yahalom Shalem
Published: February 2024

A variety of sources support the claim that different versions of the virginity blessing were recited throughout the Jewish communities during the Middle Ages. Despite its widespread use, the virginity blessing and confirmation ritual are not mentioned in the Talmud, and the wording of the blessing is first mentioned only in Sefer Halakhot gedolot. The absence of this blessing in earlier texts can be considered from two alternative perspectives. The first is that the blessing was composed after the Mishnah and Talmud were canonized. Alternatively, it was indeed an early blessing, but it was practiced in circles that operated outside the scholarly mainstream. Ruth Langer preferred the second possibility. This study will adopt Langer’s position that the blessing originated in the Land of Israel. It will show, however, that this blessing could not have been recited in ancient times and that it must have been a later development.
Identifiers and reflexives in Old Albanian
Authors: de Vaan Michiel
Published: February 2024

Albanian possesses eight different lexemes built to a radical element vetë, with meanings ranging from ‘person’, ‘self’, ‘own’ to ‘only’ and ‘apart’. The aim of this paper is to clarify the distribution and meaning of these words in Old Albanian, in particular, in texts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. I also discuss the etymology of these various stems, though the ultimate origin of vet(ë) cannot be established.
Pompē, Peplos, Poikilia: Picturing the Panathenaia on an Athenian Amphora
Authors: Bundrick Sheramy D.
Published: February 2024

An Athenian black-figure amphora from the Etruscan site of Orvieto juxtaposes a scene of Zeus, Athena, and Herakles battling Giants with three kitharōidoi in procession. Attributed to the Painter of Berlin 1686, the amphora shares much with the painter’s name vase, also featuring musicians but in a sacrificial procession to Athena. The Gigantomachy composition, meanwhile, echoes a group of vases by different painters dedicated on the Athenian Akropolis. I propose that the Orvieto amphora was inspired by the Greater Panathenaia, combining the Gigantomachy as a central myth of the festival with kitharōidoi from its grand pompē. Foregrounding the multilayered concept of poikilia, I further suggest the painter evoked the Panathenaia’s multisensory experience through the amphora’s materiality and aesthetics. Together, the amphora’s paired scenes encourage contemplation of harmony (harmonia) and divine order (kosmos).
Distinguishing Amazonian ipê species (Handroanthus, Bignoniaceae) using macroscopic wood anatomy and leaf morphology
Authors: Souza Elisa P. , Gomes Beatriz M. , Fagg Christopher W. , Marques Luiz Fernando , Gontijo Alexandre B. , Sonsin-Oliveira Júlia
Published: February 2024

The ipê trees belonging to the genus Handroanthus are among the most exploited species in the Amazon Forest. However, limitations in the wood identification processes can lead to an overexploitation of a single species. We compare, macroscopically, the wood anatomy of five Amazon Handroanthus species (H. barbatus, H. capitatus, H. impetiginosus, H. incanus and H. serratifolius–Bignoniaceae). Except for H. barbatus the species are trees over 20 m tall and are used commercially. We compared leaf morphology of the two most commercially used species (H. impetiginosus and H. serratifolius), aiming to separate them in the field with identification keys. For wood macroscopical analyses, 55 samples were used; the specimens were obtained in the field and from wood collections. The dichotomous key, preferable to be used in a laboratory, enables the distinction of the five species. However, the use of this key requires more knowledge about wood anatomy, since it was necessary to use more quantitative characteristics, due to the great intraspecific variation in Handroanthus woods, also reflected in the PCA (principal components analysis) and grouping analysis. To identify the plant species H. impetiginosus and H. serratifolius, the use of axial parenchyma type and vessel characteristics were important distinguishing factors, while in leaves, the most significant features were characteristics such as leaf margin, trichomes and domatia. In addition, by focusing on these key features, a multiple access identification key was created, which simplified the identification by reducing the number of characteristics necessary for the identification, facilitating its use in the field.
CircCDYL Contributes to Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, and Oxidative Stress of Ang II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Fu Changjiang , Zuo Xiangrong , An Jinghui , Zhang Yanlong , Guo Lixin , Li Huashun
Published: February 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important regulation in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The function and mechanism of circCDYL (circ_0008285) was explored in TAA here. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to construct a TAA model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for the detection of circCDYL, miR-1270, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10). Cell viability was examined via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and proliferation was analyzed using Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Apoptosis rate was assessed via flow cytometry. Western blot was used for protein detection. Oxidative stress was evaluated by commercial kits. CircCDYL was upregulated in TAA tissues and Ang II-induced circCDYL upregulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Knockdown of circCDYL weakened Ang II-aroused inhibition of viability, proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress in VSMCs. CircCDYL served as a miR-1270 sponge. The mitigated regulation of circCDYL knockdown for Ang II-induced injury was restored after miR-1270 downregulation. CircCDYL positively regulated ADAM10 through interacting with miR-1270. Overexpression of miR-1270 abated Ang II-induced injury by downregulating ADAM10. In conclusion, circCDYL was involved in the Ang II-induced VSMC injury in TAA via the miR-1270/ADAM10 axis.
Bendopnea Predicts High SYNTAX Score in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Şaylık Faysal , Kümet Ömer , Sarıkaya Remzi , Akbulut Tayyar
Published: February 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major health problems worldwide. CAD severity, as calculated by SYNTAX score (SS), is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. A new symptom of shortness of breath within 30 s while bending forward is described as bendopnea and is related to elevated cardiac filling pressure. It is also known that a high SS is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction which leads to higher LV filling pressure. We aimed to investigate whether there was an association between bendopnea and high SS in CAD patients. A high SS was defined ≥22. Of 374 stable angina pectoris patients, 238 (64%) patients had bendopnea and 136 (36%) patients had no bendopnea in this study. The bendopnea (+) group had higher SS and Gensini scores than the bendopnea (−) group (posterior probabilities >0.999 and 0.995, respectively). The presence of bendopnea was independently associated with a higher SS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.82, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 1.93–8.17). When different priors were used in the context of meta-analysis, there was only 18% heterogeneity among the results, indicating that the results of our study were robust. This is the first study to report that bendopnea was independently associated with CAD severity.
Coping with personhood limbo: Personhood anchoring work among undocumented workers in Italy
Authors: Derakhshan Roya , Soundararajan Vivek , Agarwal Pankhuri , Crane Andrew
Published: February 2024

Prevailing socio-legal structures create a state of personhood limbo for undocumented workers, where broader society undermines various aspects of their personhood in a way that prevents them from fully representing and embracing all dimensions of their selves in and around the workplace. But how do undocumented workers cope with personhood limbo? Drawing on interviews with undocumented workers and civil society workers in Italy, we identify specific forms of what we call “personhood anchoring work” that undocumented workers engage in to claim aspects of personhood that are meaningful to them. Our theorization suggests that workers’ experiences of personhood are influenced not only by socio-legal structures, but also by their own agentic acts in response to external conditions, as well as their aspirations, past experiences, and future plans. A key finding of our study is that these practices do not aim to create or disrupt social orders, even in subtle or hidden forms of resistance. Instead, they enable undocumented workers to temporarily position themselves within the social order. In doing so, we also introduce a new way of conceptualizing the integration of undocumented workers that can account for the possibilities and limits of retaining rather than redefining personhood in the face of prevailing constraints.
European Social Dialogues: Shaping EU Social Policy through Parental Leave Rights
Authors: Im Zhen Jie , Larsen Trine Pernille , Pircher Brigitte
Published: February 2024

The European Social Dialogue (ESD) has served as the platform for European social partners to negotiate parental leave policies at the European Union (EU) level since 1995. The partners’ efforts to revise the regulations in 2015, in response to the European Commission’s broader approach toward European work–life balance policies, failed, however, and the reasons for and implications of this failure remain insufficiently explored. Drawing on existing ESD literature and leveraging the regulator-intermediary-target (RIT) model, the authors develop a typology of policymaking outcomes based on the analysis of three parental leave directives from 1996 to 2019. The findings demonstrate that divergent preferences among European social partners, particularly when juxtaposed against the Commission’s policy objectives and interests, reduced the probability of a successful ESD through which European social partners could generate a framework agreement. Instead of being rule-makers, these conditions relegated European social partners to the role of rule-takers. If this trend continues, it poses a significant challenge to the role and influence of European social partners in EU policymaking.
Accidental paradiplomats? The curious case of Ontario school board budgets and Canadian soft power projection
Authors: Murphy Michael P.A.
Published: February 2024

From the earliest studies of soft power in International Relations, the importance of educational exchanges has been well-established. Studies of international education in the context of Canadian soft power often draw on cases from the higher education sector. This article argues that greater attention should be paid to the K-12 level, especially as budgetary pressures in Ontario’s education system are leading school boards to rapidly expand their international student recruitment efforts. Although this is not an example of intentional soft power projection, it nevertheless represents an important reminder that subnational actors may accidentally become paradiplomats whose actions have consequences on the international level. Further, this case reveals the importance of paying attention to actors typically overlooked by IR scholarship. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s theory of soft power and in conversation with prior research on international education as a mechanism of soft power projection, this article traces the thread between budgetary pressures in Ontario school boards and the broader context of soft power projection.
The Emergence of ‘Dialogue’ as a Core Concept of Revelation in Magisterial Teaching
Authors: McAleer Ryan K.
Published: February 2024

This article analyses key magisterial documents, investigating the emergence and development of the concept of dialogue in the teaching of the Church since the Second Vatican Council, demonstrating how this concept is central for an articulation of revelation and its dynamic outworking in salvation history. Beginning with Vatican II’s Dei verbum (1965), and its recognition that revelation is a dialogical word-event reality, an overview of magisterial documents in the years immediately following the Council will show how dialogue was reduced to a functional practice for the Church’s mission. Verbum Domini (2010) marks the beginning of a return towards dialogue in magisterial teaching with its re-reading of Dei verbum, bringing the concept of dialogue from the edge of the Church’s life back to the centre of fundamental theology. The social teaching of Pope Francis has continued to deepen this recovery of the dialogical dynamic of revelation.
Leaning Into Difficult Topics: Inquiry Communities as Teacher Professional Learning for Turbulent Times
Authors: Rutten Logan , Butville Danielle , Dvir Boaz
Published: February 2024

Although teachers make frequent decisions about whether and how to address difficult topics, they typically do so with minimal support. This article reports a case study of an inquiry community of 20 educators who engaged in practitioner inquiry as professional learning for addressing the difficult topics that they teach within their curricula or otherwise encounter within their professional practices. Through an inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 community participants, the article’s authors identified four themes characterizing how the inquiry community supported teachers to lean into the difficult topics they believed they needed to address. The community helped teachers define difficult-topics inquiry while connecting them across divergent political and professional perspectives. The community assisted teachers in engaging difficult topics through purposefully structured inquiry talk, and it prompted them to (re)conceptualize difficult-topics teaching as inquiry. The article demonstrates the potential of difficult-topics inquiry communities as professional learning for turbulent times.
Journey Towards a Meaningful Life: Adaptation and Resilience in the Lives of Young Hindu Widows
Authors: Lamba Narendra , Longkoi Khiamniungan T.
Published: February 2024

Spousal death is a life-altering and traumatic life event in married life, compelling the surviving partner to transition and make substantial adjustments to their new life situation. Losing a spouse can affect individuals differently based on gender, impacting their psychological, social, and economic well-being. This article describes adaptation to a new life condition as widows strive to reconcile their roles, status, and identity while binding their resilience to direct their lives. This study explored the lives of 17 young Hindu widows in rural and semi-urban areas of Haryana, India. Using personal face-to-face interviews and purposive sampling, it captured their unique life stories. After losing their spouses, participants showed impressive resilience, reshaping their lives and identities. They navigated challenges firmly, emphasising personal commitment over social support for effective adaptation. It highlights a need for better support systems for widows, offering potential pathways to enhance their post-loss well-being.
Mohism as Confucianism Critique: Examining the Multifaceted Relationship of Christianity and Confucianism in China
Authors: Liu Song , Ye Long
Published: February 2024

The interaction between Christianity and Confucianism has been marked by both conflict and accommodation. In the 19th century, the discovery of the works of Mozi, a pre-Qin Chinese philosopher who was critical of Confucianism, led to a change in the approach of some missionaries. This commentary examines how 19th century missionaries strategically utilized Mohist philosophy to undermine Confucianism and promote Christianity. The implications of this commentary for religious research are significant in terms of providing context and guiding future investigations as this commentary offers new insights into the complex relationship between Christianity and Confucianism in China by highlighting the strategic use of Mohist philosophy as a tool for evangelism and the implications it had for the larger discourse on Christianity and Confucianism in the region.
Household Sustainability Labour and the Gendering of Responsibility for Low Waste Living
Authors: Lindsay Jo , Reynolds David O , Arunachalam Dharma , Raven Rob , Lane Ruth
Published: February 2024

This article explores the nature of domestic labour involved in sustainability transitions at the household level, with waste reduction as an exemplar. We draw on national survey data (N = 2717) from Australia, and qualitative data from a participatory action project working with 34 householders on experiments in low waste living. We found low waste living was challenging work mentally, physically and interpersonally and required information, skills and the resources of time and money. Waste reduction in households also required relational labour inside and outside the household. On the basis of existing literature and our findings we theorise that sustainability labour is comprised of five overlapping elements: physical, cognitive, relational, economic and political tasks. We argue that reducing waste is an example of sustainability labour that is led largely by women, as they work to change household practices and the systems in which these are embedded, towards a more sustainable future.
Flourishing on the Stage: Embodied Reflexivity and the Effacing of Work Boundaries in Contemporary Performing Arts
Authors: Naclerio Emanuela
Published: February 2024

This article contributes to the debate on individualised and reflexive processes taking place in contemporary cultural work by considering Italian theatre actors’ experiences. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews, the analysis focuses on work as the affective and reflexive site where subjectivities are formed. Performing artists display an embodied reflexive stance in which disciplinary practices and self-care instances are configured as both dispositives of an entrepreneurial ethos of work and as reflexive self-affirmative processes. Recognizing the embodied and emotional experiences that tie theatre actors to their professional activities, the paper considers the reflexive circularity that takes place between subjective meanings, affects and embedded experiences of work. Within this ongoing interpretive circle, cultural work emerges as positioned beyond traditional boundaries of work.
‘If It’s All an Act, Then What’s the Point?’: Men’s and Women’s Views on Authenticity in Pornographic Videos
Authors: Shor Eran
Published: February 2024

Sociological research has demonstrated a keen interest in authenticity by different audiences in a wide variety of social domains. The current study joins recent efforts by both sociologists and pornography scholars to empirically investigate the meaning and importance of authenticity for pornography viewers. It relies on in-depth interviews with 302 regular pornography viewers from a wide range of countries, cultural backgrounds, ethnicities and sexual identities. Findings show that most viewers ascribe significant importance to watching sexual acts that they perceive as authentic, although a significant minority does not find authenticity to be very important. I discuss the implications of these findings to sociological theory and research in fields such as the sociology of culture, the sociology of emotions and the sociology of consumption, reflecting on the challenges that demands for authenticity in pornography pose to feminist ethics.
How Negative Framing Affects VR Tourism Adoption: Exploring the Role of Travel Anxiety During Crisis Events
Authors: Malodia Suresh , Otterbring Tobias , Taheri Babak , Dhir Amandeep
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of information framing (negative vs. positive) on the adoption of virtual reality (VR) tourism applications amidst various crisis events such as pandemics, natural disasters, political unrest, or terrorism. Using three experiments, we found that negatively framed information increases travel anxiety and the adoption of VR tourism more than positive framing, a pattern consistent across different crisis events. Travel anxiety, rather than perceived risk, was identified as the mediator in the relationship between information framing and VR tourism adoption. These insights are valuable for tourism marketers, policymakers, VR technology developers, and destination management organizations. They highlight the need for strategic information management during crises to influence traveler decisions and the potential of VR tourism as a tool for enhancing crisis resilience. These results also contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between information framing, travel anxiety, and perceived risk in shaping tourism preferences and choices.
A Room in the Film Capital: The Social Economy of Lodging and Urban Change in Hollywood during the 1930s
Authors: Bode Frederick
Published: February 2024

In Central Hollywood, during the 1930s, population became denser, housing values declined, and rooming houses increasingly defined much of the neighborhood. The lodging population was mostly white and native-born (but with significant Asian minorities), young, transient, and maritally unattached. They constituted a working class that was often precariously employed in the entertainment industry, the service sector, and other unskilled or semi-skilled occupations. The rooming houses and residential hotels provided the possibility of housing for the unemployed, the poorly paid, the temporary resident, and the elderly. Lodgers formed part of a socially diverse population in a neighborhood that offered opportunities for employment, services, and entertainment, usually within walking distance. During a decade when migration to Los Angeles was still considerable, rooming houses provided a flexibility in housing possibilities that would decline after the Second World War.
Second-order adaptive robust control of proportional pressure-reducing valves using phenomenological model
Authors: Zhang Haoxiang , Fang Jinhui , Yu Huan , Guo Hao , Zhang Hangjun
Published: February 2024

Proportional pressure-reducing valve (PPRV) is widely used in brake circuits and pilot supply lines for directional control valves. The performance of PPRV can be degraded because of the effect of magnetic hysteresis, frictions, and other disturbances, which worsens the accuracy of the entire hydraulic system. This paper presents a high-performance pressure controller of a PPRV considering the model nonlinearities. A nonlinear phenomenological model based on the Hammerstein modeling method is first developed to describe the dynamics of a PPRV. A pressure-dependent damping ratio is carried out to handle the asymmetric nonlinearity at the starting process of pressure adjustments, and a series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model. A second-order adaptive robust controller is developed based on the Lyapunov theorem to guarantee the tracking performance in the presence of parameter uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities. Comparative experiments show that the proposed second-order adaptive robust control algorithm together with the phenomenological model achieves a significant reduction in pressure-tracking error, compared with the one without the proposed plant model, or other existing controllers such as the feedforward proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller and the first-order adaptive robust controller.
Pathogenic Potential of Turicella otitidis and Staphylococcus auricularis: A Case Report
Authors: Marker Madeline M. , Choi Janet S. , Huang Tina C.
Published: February 2024

Objective: Turicella otitidis and Staphylococcus auricularis have been considered normal aural flora. Their significance in active infection is controversial. We examined a series of patients presenting with acute and chronic otitis media whose ear canal culture isolated T. otitidis and S. auricularis and explored possible pathogenicity, associated factors, and outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a tertiary center outpatient clinic between 2017 and 2022 with otologic microscopic examination of active infection and ear canal culture isolating T. otitidis or S. auricularis only. Clinical course was collected including history, microscopic otoscopy findings, interventions given, outcomes, and sensitivity results. Results: A total of 13 patients (10 with T. otitidis and 3 with S. auricularis) were included. Majority of the patients had a history of otologic surgery (92%) and tympanic membrane perforation (62%). All were treated with combinations of antibiotic otic drops (ie, fluoroquinolone, sulfa, or aminoglycoside based) ± oral antibiotics (ie, penicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Otorrhea resolved among majority of patients. Otorrhea and mucosalization returned or continued among 4 patients. Sensitivity results demonstrated that 2 of 3 strains of T. otitidis were resistant to clindamycin. There was no resistance against S. auricularis for tested antibiotics. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential pathogenicity of T. otitidis and S. auricularis, especially among patients with prior ear surgery and tympanic membrane perforation. Violation of the epithelial barrier from surgery or trauma may contribute to their pathogenicity. Future study is warranted to elucidate pathogenicity of normal aural flora and its mechanisms.
From empire to nation: Management of religious pluralism in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey
Authors: Çevik Salim
Published: February 2024

The transition from empire to nation-state poses challenges in managing religious and ethnic pluralism. Empires, characterized by hierarchical structures and diversity, contrast with nation-states, which aim for uniformity and unity. As empires modernize administratively, they grapple with different approaches to pluralism. While Habsburgs were more in favor of a federal plurality, the Romanovs pushed for centralization and assimilation. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Ottomans vacillated between these two alternative paths. This vacillation is most evident in their approach to millet system which simultaneously followed the contradictory policies of undermining millet boundaries in order to promote a sense of unity across the multi-faith society and policies of promoting and safeguarding the privileges and group-specific rights of non-Muslim communities. Ottoman nationalism eventually shifted towards a homogenizing model, akin to the Romanov approach, leading to the exclusion of religious minorities. This process of homogenization continued in the nationalist policies of modern Turkey and resulted in the secular Turkish Republic being less tolerant towards non-Muslims than the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
Non-pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Davis Charles K , Arruri Vijay , Joshi Pallavi , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: February 2024

Heterogeneity and variability of symptoms due to the type, site, age, sex, and severity of injury make each case of traumatic brain injury (TBI) unique. Considering this, a universal treatment strategy may not be fruitful in managing outcomes after TBI. Most of the pharmacological therapies for TBI aim at modifying a particular pathway or molecular process in the sequelae of secondary injury rather than a holistic approach. On the other hand, non-pharmacological interventions such as hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen, preconditioning with dietary adaptations, exercise, environmental enrichment, deep brain stimulation, decompressive craniectomy, probiotic use, gene therapy, music therapy, and stem cell therapy can promote healing by modulating multiple neuroprotective mechanisms. In this review, we discussed the major non-pharmacological interventions that are being tested in animal models of TBI as well as in clinical trials. We evaluated the functional outcomes of various interventions with an emphasis on the links between molecular mechanisms and outcomes after TBI.
Use of Performance Information and External Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight in Mitigating the Motivated Evaluation of Body-Worn Camera Evidence
Authors: Ali Mir Usman , Wright James E.
Published: February 2024

Despite being touted as a game-changing technology, studies on the influence of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on policing outcomes have produced mixed results, with the underlying reasons for such findings unclear. Drawing on the sociology of culture and organizational theory, we argue that BWCs often have mixed impacts due to deeply ingrained, valued occupational assumptions and practices shaped by the structural and organizational context. These assumptions and practices, collectively known as the police métier, are not politically neutral and can lead to motivated decisions rather than accurate ones. We suggest that such motivated reasoning can be mitigated by changing the structural or organizational context, such as establishing a citizen oversight agency (COA), which could decrease racial disparities in policing outcomes. To test these arguments, we examined the impact of BWCs on racial disparities in two types of policing outcomes: police homicides of citizens and disorderly conduct arrests (DCAs). Our findings indicate that while the adoption of BWCs does not impact racial disparities in DCAs or police homicides of citizens, there is a significant decrease in racial disparity in DCAs when BWCs and COAs are used in conjunction. Additionally, while the racial disparity in police homicides of Blacks and Whites does not decrease when BWCs and COAs are used together, there is an overall decrease in police homicides across both racial groups. Overall, our study demonstrates that technology's impact on bureaucratic performance is influenced by occupational assumptions and practices, which can be altered by external accountability mechanisms such as COAs.
International financial subordination in the age of asset manager capitalism
Authors: Bonizzi Bruno , Kaltenbrunner Annina
Published: February 2024

The rise of asset managers as key nodes of financial intermediation has been one of the most fundamental changes in the global economy over recent years. An emerging literature on asset manager capitalism (AMC) discusses these changes and its implications, though largely in the context of corporate governance in advanced capitalist economies. This paper expands the remit of the AMC literature to spaces outside the global capitalist core, and assesses its implications, based on quantitative data on asset manager allocations and flows, and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews. We find that despite the growth of asset managers’ investments into emerging markets, their presence remains limited and that the threat of exit remains present but increasingly tied with global conditions and the composition of benchmark indices. We also find that asset managers’ investments are increasingly focussing on bonds, and are heavily concentrated in a few companies and sectors, revealing a marginal rather than broad-based presence. Finally, we find very limited evidence that asset managers use their voice to influence corporate governance and macroeconomic policy. Overall, asset managers do not seem to fundamentally reshape the characteristics of financial subordination of emerging markets, and the characteristics of AMCs remain, for now, specific to advanced economies.
Prediction of Rear-Seat-Belt Use among Older Adults
Authors: Guo Tangyi , Liu Lihua , Liu Jianrong
Published: February 2024

The efficacy of rear seat belts in safeguarding both rear- and front-seat passengers is well established; however, the use of rear seat belts in China remains suboptimal. Furthermore, automotive transportation holds significant importance for seniors in China. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the factors affecting intention to use rear seat belts among Chinese seniors. This study applies the hierarchical regression model to investigate the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and constructs on older adults’ backseat seat-belt use intentions. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Pingdingshan City and 551 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results show that sociodemographic characteristics exhibit a limited influence on the intention to use rear seat belts, accounting for only 16.7% of the variance in intention. However, the incorporation of additional constructs can substantially augment the model’s explanatory capacity. After incorporating the exogenous constructs of the theory of planned behavior, the model’s explanatory power for behavioral intention increased to 46.9%. Subsequently, on the inclusion of susceptibility, severity, perceived benefit, and perceived law enforcement as additional factors, the model’s capacity to account for variance in behavioral intention further improved to 62.7%. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, susceptibility, severity, and law enforcement have significant impact on behavioral intention.