bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Vítima surda-muda e analfabeta”: uma análise crítica do direito linguístico e da representação de mulheres surdas em acórdãos judiciais
Authors: Aragão Valdeny Costa de , Batista Júnior José Ribamar Lopes , Alexandre Leila Rachel Barbosa , Simplício Marcelo Leonardo de Melo
Published: August 2023

A partir da relação entre Direito e Linguagem, o presente artigo propõe analisar como direito linguístico e mulher surda estão representados em textos de quatro acórdãos judiciais. De modo mais específico, buscamos revelar como o discurso é forjado por relações de poder e ideologias capazes de contribuir com práticas excludentes de atores sociais em contextos jurídicos; lançar luz à “naturalização da surdez como incapacitante e dos surdos como deficientes e limitados”. A Análise de Discurso Crítica (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003; MAGALHÃES, 2004) e o Estudo das Representações Sociais (VAN LEEUWEN, 1997), por meio de categorias linguísticas como lexicalização, significado das palavras, inclusão e exclusão de atores sociais, permitiram revelar no corpus desta análise, representações capacitistas sobre a mulher surda vítima de violência, designada nos textos como “surda-muda” e “analfabeta”, comunicando-se apenas por “gestos caseiros” e “sinais inventados”. Em contrapartida, foram excluídas (suprimidas) do texto palavras que fizessem referência à língua e à cultura da mulher surda, como “Libras”, “tradutor” e “intérprete”. Como resultado, percebemos que a pretensa imparcialidade da linguagem jurídica, validada socialmente como verdade, revela-se excludente e impõe sobre a mulher surda o sentido de incapacidade, limitação e vulnerabilidade, impactando diretamente seu direito à comunicação e à inclusão em contextos jurídicos. Da análise, espera-se poder despertar ainda o senso crítico de operadores do Direito sobre os efeitos do uso da linguagem no processo de transformação social, de modo que tenham um olhar atento não somente às normas e doutrinas, mas também às marcas ideológicas e políticas que sustentam discursos hegemônicos.
Avaliação e uso do livro didático de língua inglesa: o olhar de professores da rede pública de ensino
Authors: Gonçalves Alan Rodrigo de Paiva
Published: August 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a percepção docente sobre o processo de avaliação e seleção do Livro Didático (LD) de Língua Inglesa, aprovados no PNLD 2017, e problematizar algumas condições de seu uso por professores da rede pública de ensino de 4 cidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os estudos da área de materiais didáticos apontam sempre para o valor sócio-pedagógico que os LD conquistaram nas salas de aula de Língua Adicional (TILIO, 2006; DIAS, 2009; RAMOS, 2009; TOMLINSOM, 2011; SILVA, 2013). Assim, 9 professores da rede pública participaram da pesquisa, através de 2 instrumentos: questionário e entrevista. Logo, pudemos concluir que avaliar e selecionar um LD não é tarefa simplória, assim como a opção pelo (não-)uso do LD não é consensual entre os participantes. Tais resultados levam em consideração o diverso contexto das aulas de línguas e, também, as escolhas profissionais de cada professor. Portanto, salientamos a importância das IES incluírem em seu currículo disciplinas que lidem com o processo de avaliação e seleção de LD e que os professores acompanhem produções acadêmicas da área e realizem suas próprias pesquisas, contribuindo para a produção e circulação de conhecimento, de modo que haja um refinamento da percepção do ato de avaliar LD.
Radiation Attitudes and Knowledge Evaluation of Associate Degree Students
Authors: KARPUZ Nurdan
Published: August 2023

The radiation that has existed throughout human history is always present in our environment, in our bodies and in space. Radiation has been used in almost every aspect of medicine, science and industry since it was discovered. Technologies that use radiation make people's lives easier, and people's lives are saved through early detection and treatment of diseases, especially in medical applications. With rapidly evolving technology, medical staff are exposed to more radiation doses due to increased radiation use in medicine. Since life without radiation is unlikely, there needs to be a sufficient level of information about radiation to protect against the harmful effects of radiation. In universities, which constitute an important part of education and training, the better the radiation knowledge of the students in the field of health, which will shape the future, the better the transfer of radiation knowledge level to future generations and at the same time to the people they serve since these students will be the health personnel of the future. Health personnel should be able to protect themselves from the harmful effects of radiation, take the necessary precautions during diagnosis and treatment, and increase their level of knowledge in this regard. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of health services vocational school students, who will be health personnel in the future, towards the concept of radiation and radiation protection.
Gotong Royong sebagai Rujukan dalam Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Desa Tanggap Covid-19
Authors: Astuti Dwi
Published: August 2023

Abstrak

Persoalan Covid-19 menuntut penanganan serta partisipasi semua komponen masyarakat, untuk itu pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan kebijakan tentang Desa Tanggap Covid-19 dengan harapan agar masyarakat menggunakan praktek gotong royong, yang selama ini sudah ada. Secara khusus tulisan ini akan melihat bagaimana Gotong Royong dalam partisipasi masyarakat  Desa Tanggap Covid-19 serta Upaya pemerintah yang di lakukan dalam penaganan covid 19. Dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka dapat dilihat bahwa adanya sikap gotong royong dengan setiap masyarakat ikut berpastisipasi dalam menyumbang biaya, tenaga, ide atau gagasan, sarana prasaran, ketrampilan  maupun barang yang  di laksanakan kepada setiap anggota masyarakat bermaksud memberikan nilai positif atau nilai tambah atau manfaat terhadap penangann persoalan-persoalan penanganan pandemic covid 19 yang ada dimasyarakat. Serta adanya upaya pemerintah dlam membentuk Desa Tanggap Covid-19 yang nantinya akan bertugas melakukan edukasi terkait Covid-19, mendata penduduk yang rentan sakit, Serta memberikan Padat Karya Tunai  Desa (PKTD) di lakukan sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan penggunaan dana desa untuk Porgram padat Karya Tunai Desa dengan pengelolaan swakelola, memprioritaskan untuk masyarakat miskin.
TRADISI ADAT KALOMBA: KAJIAN MAKNA DAN NILAI BUDAYA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA BONTO BIRAENG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Muslimin Ainun syafitri , Kurniawan Andi , Vebriani Nunu , Hikmah Nurul
Published: August 2023

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses tradisi adat Kalomba, makna dannilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam proses adat tradisi kalomba. Tradisi adat Kalomba merupakantradisi yang dilaksanakan oleh Suku Kajang yang ditujukan kepada usia anak-anak untukmenghindari penyakit kulit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatifdengan pendekatan etnografi. Penentuan informan dengan menggunakan purposivesampling dan snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi serta analisis data yang terdiri pengumpulan data, reduksi data,penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa tradisikalomba dimulai pada masa Karaeng Padulu Soreang yang tidak direstui pernikahannyakemudian lahir seorang anak. Pada saat orang tua yang tidak setuju ingin bertemu harusmelaksanakan persyaratan dan syarat inilah yang dikenal dengan Kalomba. Tradisi adatkalomba dilaksanakan berdasarkan tahapan yang dimulai dari prosesi ma’jenne, pembakarandupa dan menyalakan lilin, pembacaan doa, mengibaskan asap dupa, prosesi tompong,prosesi anak baccing, tahap paddingi-dingi, massolo (memberikan uang kepada anak) danacara diakhiri pemasangan kampalo dengan makan bersama oleh keluarga beserta kerabat.Makna dari tradisi adat kalomba adalah sebagai obat dan keselamatan untuk menghindaripenyakit kulit serta bermakna sebagai ucapan syukur orang tua kepada anak. Dari tradisi adatkalomba mengungkap nilai saling membantu dan kebersamaan, menjalin silaturahmi dantanggung jawab.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PEREMPUAN NELAYAN DALAM POLA DAN RELASI SOSIOKULTURAL DI KAWASAN PESISIR PANTAI KARANGANTU SERANG BANTEN
Authors: Firdausi Indrianti Azhar , Sururi Ahmad , Malik Abdul
Published: August 2023

Fenomena status, posisi dan peran perempuan nelayan masih menjadi objek dan minoritas dalam rumah tangga dengan pembagian kerja yang tidak seimbang, cenderung menjadi subordinat, status sosial termarginalkan, minimnya akses dalam proses dan pengambilan keputusan serta hambatan sosiokultural gender dalam melakukan berbagai aktivitas di ranah public merupakan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana pola dan relasi sosiokultural perempuan nelayan di Kawasan Pesisir Pantai Karangantu Serang Banten dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mendorong penguatan peran perempuan dalam relasi sosiokultural yang dapat diterima dan disepakati dalam komunikasi sosial. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruksi sosial melalui 3 tahapan yaitu: eksternalisasi, internalisasi dan objektivasi. Tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi sosial perempuan nelayan dalam proses tindakan dan interaksi sosial di ruang publik dibatasi oleh tradisi budaya patriarki yang terbentuk dan terinternalisasi secara kuat dalam bentuk ketaatan terhadap norma-norma, nilai-nilai, pola dan relasi kultural. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah mendorong penguatan peran perempuan dalam batas-batas yang dapat dikonstruksi secara sosial dan budaya serta melalui komunikasi sosial kesetaraan.
Tapa Malenggang: Politik Memori dan Transformasi Memori Kolektif di Kabupaten Batanghari
Authors: Mansur Puteri Soraya
Published: August 2023

Memori kolektif diciptakan oleh manusia untuk melanggengkan kenangan tentang peristiwa di masa lampau. Kenangan individu memepengaruhi kenangan kolektif masyarakat. Tapa Malenggang merupakan salah satu memori kolektif yang terbentuk oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Batanghari, Provinsi Jambi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menelusuri politik memori dan transformasi memori kolektif dari Tapa Malenggang. Metode yang digunakan dlam penelitian ini ialah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat langkah yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Tapa Malenggang sebagai representasi politik memori yang dibentuk oleh masyarakat maupun pemimpin sehingga memunculkan transformasi dari seekor ikan menjadi dongeng, tugu, dan festival.
Persuasive Language Used on Advertisements of Instagram Posts
Authors: Losi Rizky Vita , Rosida Sisi
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to find out the persuasive language on Starbucks advertisements on Instagram posts. The category of persuasive language was referred to Lamb's theory (2014). By using descriptive qualitative method, the researcher collected seventy data of Starbucks advertisements on Instagram posts. Then, the data were analyzed by categorizing and interpreting them into the correct categories. The research result and discussion showed that from 70 data which were taken from Starbucks advertisements on Instagram posts, there were 60 data found by the distribution as follow: 5 data of Alliteration, 6 data of Colloquial Language, 7 data of Connotation, 6 data of Evidence, 6 data of Hyperbole, 8 data of Inclusive Language, 5 data of Imagery, 7 data of Pun, 4 data of Repetition, and 6 data of Simile. The most used of persuasive language on Starbucks advertisements on Instagram posts was Inclusive Language because the company often use everyday or informal language to connect closer with the customers.
Fenomena Rekrutmen Artis Sebagai Calon Legislatif Ditinjau dari Perspektif Aksiologi
Authors: Yulanda Aseng , Fitrisia Azmi , Ofianto Ofianto
Published: August 2023

Menganalisis  Fenomena rekrutment Artis sebagai calon legislatif ditinjau dari perspektif Aksiologi, peran partai politik dalam melaksanakan proses rekrutmen dan kaderisasi yang melibatkan kalangan artis sebagai upaya meraup suara di pemilihan legislatif. Kecendrungan permanfaatan popularitas yang dimiliki oleh calon artis tersebut dalam pesta demokrasi menjadi salah satu satu strategi oleh mayoritas partai politik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui penelitian literatur kepustakaan. Hasil analisis dalam artikel ini adalah langkah partai politik tersebut diakibatkan oleh demokrasi yang diterapkan di Indonesia yang membutuhkan perolehan suara partai politik memenuhi standar ambang batas parlemen. Langkah Partai Politik tersebut mengesampingkan nilai kebermanfaatan untuk rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi. Wajah baru demokrasi Indonesia yang bergeser dari pertarungan gagasan menjadi pertarungan popularitas. Popularitas artis merupakan faktor utama partai politik merekrut artis menjadi calon legislatif.  Dampak dari fenomena tersebut terhadap diskusi di ruang publik serta implikasinya terhadap kedaulatan rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan utama dalam Negara demokrasi dan kebermanfaatan yang akan dirasakan oleh rakyat Indonesia menjadi pertanyaan selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menjadi tertarik melakukan penelitian tentang fenomena tersebut.
Investigating natural ventilation performance on apartment units in Jakarta based on field test measurements
Authors: Bramiana Chely Novia , A. M. R Aminuddin. , M.A Ismail.
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way of living of many people across the planet. In the beginning of the pandemic, when the strict lockdown was implemented, numbers of individual were encouraged to work from home. In the city living, high rise living were apparent and became a global phenomenon. This paper evaluates natural ventilation performances of existing apartment units in Jakarta, Indonesia by measuring the indoor temperature, indoor airflow and relative humidity. This research studied three different apartment units in Jakarta in the form of single-sided ventilation or cross ventilation. This study conducted by field test measurement on three different apartment units across Jakarta with various natural ventilation strategy and room volume. Statistical analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship and influence between the results of field test measurement and external weather data collected from ERA5. The results of the analysis suggested that external weather influence the indoor air condition, especially indoor temperature where significant influence was apparent. Furthermore, the field test data measurement in this paper contributed to validation study in predicting indoor airflow.
Embracing The Digital Twin for Construction Monitoring and Controlling to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19
Authors: J. L Tan. , N. M Aziz.
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 has affected a lot of industries in Malaysia including the construction industry. In an effort to curb the spread of the pandemic, the government has introduced the Movement Control Order (MCO), which has halted all developments and construction activities. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the pandemic's effects on the construction industry and the usage of technology during the MCO. A quantitative research method was adopted, where 400 questionnaire surveys were sent to contractors grade G5, G6, and G7 in Malaysia and 30.5% of responses were received. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis and the Relative Important Index (RII). Findings show that the significant impacts are the increased project cost, labour shortage, project delay, late payment, COVID-19 cluster on-site, limitation to visit the site and reduced number of construction projects. In terms of technology usage, BIM, IoT, and Computing are commonly used by the majority of the contractors. These 3 technologies are vital in moving towards the implementation of Digital Twin. Based on the findings, the Digital Twin strategies were then proposed to mitigate the effects faced by the contractors in terms of automation, prediction, monitoring, modelling and resource management.
Double Skin Façade Adoption Inﬂuencing Ventilation Performance in Educational Buildings
Authors: Elhamy Amr Atef , Shafik Yousab Magdy
Published: August 2023

Double skin façades are adaptive envelopes that aim to improve building energy consumption and comfort performance. Their adaptive principle relies on the dynamic management of the cavity's ventilation flow and the shading devices, which can integrate with the environmental systems. This research demonstrates the possibility of modifying existing buildings to study unconventional building envelope solutions. Scenarios A and B show insignificantly decreasing measures in air velocity, relative humidity, and air temperature; however, Scenario C shows the most significant changes, the average air velocity increases by 45%, the air temperature drops between 5 to 8%, and the relative humidity drops between 5 to 8%. The utilization of DSF can be used to reduce solar heat gain, enhance natural ventilation, and mitigate the inefficiencies of mechanical ventilation in educational buildings. The Double Skin Façade is effective in improving parameters that are in accordance with thermal comfort.
Teaching measurement: The role of mathematics teachers' enacted PCK on gain in learner outcomes
Authors: Botha Hanlie , Coetzee Corene , Zweers Liezell
Published: August 2023

Teaching is a challenging profession where teachers must create valuable learning opportunities to enhance learners’ conceptual understanding. Apart from mathematical content knowledge, teachers use their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) that develops as they reflect on previously taught lessons and learner responses in assessments. International and national assessment studies showed that South African learners perform poorly in, among other topics, Measurement. Thus, we determined the gain in learner outcomes as revealed in a pre-and post-test on Measurement and studied one of the PCK domains, namely teachers’ enacted PCK as informed by the baseline assessment learner outcomes. The aim was to determine how teachers’ enacted PCK relate to learner outcomes. Underpinned by a social constructivist paradigm, the study used a mixed-method research approach. Data were gathered from a pre-and post-test written by 124 Grade 9 learners taught by two experienced mathematics teachers in a city school in South Africa. Findings revealed that although some improvements are evident after the topic has been taught, the test was still experienced as difficult by almost all the learners. However, from the observations, there is little evidence that the experienced teachers extensively used the baseline assessment outcomes to inform their teaching.
Gradiência contextual e mudança construcional em advérbios preposicionais (Contextual gradient and constructional change in prepositional adverb)
Authors: Wiedemer Marcos Luiz , Costa Fabio Rodrigo Gomes da
Published: August 2023

Investigamos a gradiência contextual e fixação de padrões construcionais do esquema construcional advérbio preposicional (antes de, diante de, em frente de/a, em face de), no português brasileiro, e analisamos os contextos motivadores a partir das definições de Diewald (2002) e Diewald e Smirnova (2012). Para tal finalidade, lançamos mão de metodologia qualitativa e dados oriundos de dois jornais (Folha de São Paulo; Estadão), no período de 2017, em que analisamos o significado dos lexemas, e os vários tipos de contexto(s) em que as expressões linguísticas (construções) são utilizadas. A partir da análise, vimos que os diferentes padrões de usos podem ser vistos como um processo de analogização e que os significados emergem do reconhecimento da categorização híbrida dessa categoria, em um continuum categorial, em que se processa a gradiência entre as propriedades preposicionais e adverbiais.
Assessing impacts of ecological restoration projects on water conservation function in the Taihang Mountain area, China
Authors: Liu Jintong , Wang Feng , Deng Wei , Fu Tonggang , Gao Hui , Qi Fei
Published: August 2023

The ecological restoration projects (ERPs)
sig[1](#fn-0002)nificantly affect the water conservation function
(WCF) of the Taihang Mountain area. However, a comprehensive
understanding of the ecological effects of water conservation (WC) in
different ecological engineering (EE) areas still needs to be improved,
which limits the optimization and implementation of ERPs in semi-arid
climate areas. In this study, we employed the integrated valuation of
ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model to evaluate the
differences in WCF among different ERPs in the Taihang Mountain area.
Additionally, we used the structural equation model (SEM) to explore the
influence of various factors on WCF, including EE factors. The results
showed the following: (1) The total amount of WC in the Taihang Mountain
area increased yearly from 2000 to 2020, with an 85.25% increase in 21
years. The WCF showed a trend of transferring to a higher level. (2) The
forest recovery (FR) project showed the highest average WC, followed by
the grassland recovery (GR) project. FR and GR together provided 61.12%
of the WC amount in the EE area. The cropland recovery (CR) project
increased the WC by 22.85% compared with the non-ecological engineering
area. The WC capacity of the 21-year artificial forest could only reach
70.92% of the natural forest. FR was found to be the most potential
ecological restoration type, while CR and GR were the most effective.
(3) The enhancement of WCP in the study area resulted from multiple
factors. The composite variable SEM revealed four main factors affecting
WC (R = 0.427), ranked as follows: climate change
> site conditions > EE >
society-economy (0.390 > 0.247 > 0.177
> 0.043), of which the EE factor accounted for 20.65%.
Precipitation and root depth were the most critical factors affecting
WCP, according to the random forest model. (4) The impact of EE on WC
varied with altitude, and the effect of the hilly zone was 1.5 times
that of the sub-alpine zone. Therefore, the WC effect of ERPs is
different due to different types and regions. EE measures should be
optimized according to the actual situation to cope with the uncertainty
of WC caused by probable extreme climate in the future. Overall, our
study provides scientific support for evaluating the impact of ERPs on
WCF in semi-arid areas of China.
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkynylation of Allenyl Ketones: Access to 3-Alkynyl Poly-substituted Furans
Authors: Dou Bowen , Wang Kang , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2023

Furans bearing alkynyl substituents are highly useful in organic
synthesis. However, the methodologies to access these important furan
derivatives are rather limited. We herein report an efficient synthesis
of alkynylated furan derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed oxidative
cross-coupling reaction between allenyl ketones and terminal alkynes.
This novel synthesis of alkynylated furans with wide substrate scope is
operationally simple and tolerates various functional groups.
Mechanistically, the formation of the palladium carbene through
cycloisomerization and the subsequent alkynyl migratory insertion are
proposed as the key steps in the transformation. The reaction reported
in this manuscript further demonstrates the generality of the
carbene-based cross coupling.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Diaryl Ketones: Facile Access to Key Intermediate of Baloxavir
Authors: Wang Li , Xiao Renwei , Song Jingyuan , Zheng Long-Sheng , Lang Qiwei , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2023

Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation has been
proved to be a powerful approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols.
Herein, A highly efficient and enantioselective transfer hydrogenation
of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones catalyzed by an arene-tethered
TsDPEN-based Rh(III) catalyst has been successfully developed, and a
variety of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones were reduced by a 1/1
mixture of formic acid and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)
with high yields and enantioselectivities. With this method, the
asymmetric reduction of 7,8-difluorodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11(6H)-one
has been realized, providing the key intermediate of baloxavir marboxil
with >99% yield and >99% ee at a
substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 1000.
Genomic Sequencing in Pediatric Oncology: Perspectives of Parents and Adolescents on Ethical Issues
Authors: Knapp Esther , Hall Jennifer , Middleton Alyssa A. , Rich Carla A. , Brothers Kyle
Published: August 2023

Background As both tumor and germline sequencing become more
common practice in children with cancer, it will be necessary to
anticipate and address potential ethical issues. This study aimed to
elicit the perspectives of adolescents with cancer, and parents of
children with cancer, regarding tumor and germline genomic sequencing in
pediatric oncology. Procedure Semi-structured interviews were
conducted with adolescents/young adults with cancer, and
parents/guardians of children with cancer. The interview guide included
questions on potential benefits of genomic sequencing, heritable cancer
predisposition conditions, impacts on family relationships, and
secondary findings. Demographic information was also collected, and
baseline genetics knowledge was assessed. Results Participants
reported several ways they believed sequencing results could be
valuable, including more targeted cancer therapy and knowledge regarding
heritable variants. However, opinions varied on what information would
be useful, with many participants reporting an interest only in those
results which would directly impact cancer therapy. Multiple people
expressed concerns about results that could be undesirable or even
harmful, such as secondary findings unrelated to cancer. Several parents
reported feeling guilty about their children having cancer, whether or
not a genetic predisposition to cancer was found. Conclusions
Patients and parents held a wide variety of opinions on the utility and
proper implementation of genomic sequencing for cancer. Most
participants saw potential benefits to such testing, but many
participants felt they lacked the knowledge to make an adequately
informed decision on results derived from complex scientific techniques,
and reported. These findings will help inform the process of obtaining
informed consent for genomic sequencing in children with cancer.
Scalable δ -Level Coherent State Synchronization of Multi-Agent Systems with Adaptive Protocols and Bounded Disturbances
Authors: NOJAVANZADEH DONYA , Liu Zhenwei , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study scalable δ–level coherent state
synchronization for multi-agent systems (MAS) where the agents are
subject to bounded disturbances/noises. We propose a scale-free
framework designed solely based on the knowledge of agent models and
agnostic to the communication graphs and size of the network. We define
the level of coherency for each agent as the norm of the weighted sum of
the disagreement dynamics with its neighbors. The objective is to
restrict the level of coherency of the network to δ without
a-priori information about the disturbance.
Realized vs. potential dietary niche aggravates species loss to secondary extinctions
Authors: Xue Shengjia , Wu Dan , Shen Cao , Hou Liyun , Qian Guangjing
Published: August 2023

1.Biodiversity loss is occurring at an unprecedented rate, but its
consequences on ecosystem robustness remain difficult to predict. Both
theoretical and empirical work have suggested that species extinctions
for taxa with different dietary niche in food webs (e.g., species
generality) can produce unequal consequences. However, the diverse
definitions of species generality impede us to obtain a comprehensive
understanding of the impact of specialist/generalist (i.e., species with
low/high generality) loss on ecosystem robustness. 2.Here, we consider
five generality metrics (one binary generality, one effective link
generality, and three weighted generality, respectively, by link
strength, biomass and energy flux) at both species- and network-level.
We use a multi-trophic food web model in combination with empirical data
to explore the relationship between generality and species richness. We
further perform secondary extinctions by sequentially removing species
with either maximal or minimal generality under two generality ranking
scenarios to examine food web robustness to species loss, where species
generality is ranked based either on their realized or potential dietary
niche. 3.Results show that at a network-level, all considered generality
metrics increase with species richness, albeit at markedly different
rates. Yet the relative richness of generalists to specialists stays
roughly invariant, indicating that generalist-prone communities as a
consequence of specialist loss might probably just a transitory state
and may eventually return to a more specialized species assemblage. The
increased network-level generality is due to the enhanced heterogeneity
in species-level generality rather than the increased generalist
richness. 4.Our sequential species elimination experiment demonstrates
substantial variability in ecosystem robustness responses to different
generality metrics. In both generality ranking scenarios, removing
generalists (specialists) measured by biomass-weighted generality is the
most (least) detrimental to food web robustness, suggesting that species
with dominant biomass should be of high biodiversity concern. Further,
robustness loss in response to generalist removal is larger in the
realized niche ranking scenario than in the potential niche ranking
scenario, implying that realized rather than potential dietary niche is
more effective to identify species priority in conservation. 5.Our work
demonstrates a consistent relationship between network-level generality
and species richness, but the variability in metrics also indicates that
different ecological processes are at play behind each generality
metric. We recommend that studies investigating biodiversity
conservation under various anthropogenic forcing should include
biomass-weighted metrics, and pay more attention to species’ dietary
niche realized in the current food webs instead of the dietary niche
recorded in the historic food webs.
Biogeochemical cycles and health implications potentially mediated by active dust-borne bacteria
Authors: Hu Pengfei , Sharaby Yehonatan , Gu Ji-Dong , Radian Adi , Lang-Yona Naama
Published: August 2023

Understanding microbial migration and survival mechanisms in dust events
can elucidate genetic and metabolic exchange between environments and
help predict the atmospheric pathways of ecological and health-related
microbial stressors. Dust-borne microbial communities have been
previously characterized, but the impact of active bacteria within
transported communities remains limited. Here, we analyzed samples
collected during dust events in Israel, using amplicon sequencing of the
16S rRNA genes and transcripts. Different air trajectories and wind
speeds were associated not only with microbial community composition
variations but also with those of active bacteria. Active dust-borne
bacteria exhibited positive interactions, including highly active carbon
and nitrogen cycling bacteria, potential degraders of heavy metals and
organic compounds, biofilm-forming, and pathogenic bacteria. This study
provides insights into the potential interactive relationships and
survival of active microorganisms within the extreme dust environment.
Historical and contemporary climate jointly determines seed plant diversity patterns in eastern Eurasia
Authors: Song WenQi , Li Yichao , Luo Ao , Su Xiangyan , Wang Qinggang , Liu Yunpeng , Lyu Tong , Chen Yongsheng , Peng Shijia , Sandanov Denis , Wang Zhiheng
Published: August 2023

Large-scale spatial patterns of species richness are one of the central
issues in ecology. Although hypotheses based on effects of contemporary
climate, evolutionary history and historical climate change have been
employed to explain the mechanisms underlying species richness patterns,
variation in relative contribution of different hypothesis remains a
major challenge. Here, using newly-compiled distribution data with a
spatial resolution of 100 * 100 km2 for 43,023 seed plant species in
eastern Eurasia, we mapped species richness patterns for plants with
different growth forms (i.e., woody vs. herbaceous) and range sizes
(i.e., wide-ranged vs. narrow-ranged species), and compared the
contribution of four hypotheses on these patterns, i.e., freezing
tolerance hypothesis, historical climate change hypothesis, Janzen
hypothesis and diversification rate hypothesis. We found that species
richness of all seed plants presented a clear latitudinal gradient and
was the highest in southwestern China and Central Asian mountains.
Notably, species richness patterns and their dominant hypotheses
differed between species groups. Historical climate change dominated
richness patterns of overall, herbaceous and wide-ranged herbaceous
species. The freezing tolerance hypothesis dominated those for all woody
and wide-ranged woody species, while the Janzen hypothesis dominated
narrow-ranged woody and herbaceous species. Our study suggests that
different hypotheses contribute to large-scale species richness patterns
via their dominant effects in different species groups. Interestingly,
our study did not support the diversification rate hypothesis, but
demonstrated high contribution of historical climate change to plant
diversity, providing new perspectives on the mechanisms of plant
diversity patterns in eastern Eurasia.
Rapid and timely virus detection by optical technologies: prospects for future viruses’ prevalence
Authors: Shokoufi Nader , Kheirollahpour Mehdi , Lotfi Mohsen
Published: August 2023

The development of sensitive, fast, and more reliable diagnostic methods
to prevent and control the outbreak of life-threatening pandemic
infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, according to the WHO
recommendations, is always in priority and necessity. Optical diagnostic
methods, with their progress in technology, are central to most
applications and now, in the health field, are an alternative to
conventional methods because of their great sensitivity and capability
utilized for SARS-CoV-2 detection such as generally applied PCR
technology which is time-consuming, effortful, and has limited
availability in resource-limited situations. Herein, we reviewed various
optical methods engaged for virus detection such as fluorescence-based
techniques, Raman spectroscopy (RS), Plasmonic methods (e.g., SPR, LSPR,
SEF, and SERS), ATR-FTIR, super-resolution microscopy (SRM), and some
integrated platforms like waveguides and MIP-based biosensors for the
development of portable, sensitive, specific, and low-cost POC apparatus
for the rapid virus detection.
UNSUPERVISED ANOMALY DETECTION OF IMAGES BY AUTO-ENCODER
Authors: Huang Xuan
Published: August 2023

In the realm of computer vision, image anomaly detection has always been
an important research direction. Despite various anomaly detection
approaches based on deep neural networks have been developed
successively, the progress of end-to-end unsupervised image anomaly
detection is still limited. This paper proposes a novel unsupervised
anomaly detection automatic adaptive dynamic clustering model named
UAD-ADC that can performs end-to-end outlier detection on images without
available labels. Specifically, UAD-ADC employs a deep auto-encoder to
learn the feature representation of images and combine with data
augmentation to improve the quality of learned features. To detect
abnormal images, we propose an effective surrogate supervision method
and construct a discriminative model based on a deep clustering method.
In particular, an iterative optimization method combined with self-paced
learning is adopted to select reliability samples to train the
discriminant model. Finally, an efficient anomaly scoring strategy is
designed to evaluate images to improve anomaly detection performance.
Extensive experiments under different outlier ratios on image benchmarks
demonstrate that UAD-ADC significantly improves anomaly detection
performance compared to the state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly
detection methods.
Exercise Stress Echocardiography of Coronary Cameral Fistula: A Case Study in an Adult with a History of Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tedjamulia Vianney , Soesanto Amiliana
Published: August 2023

A 45 years old man with a history of non-ST elevation Acute Coronary
Syndrome was found to have a double coronary cameral fistula originating
from the first diagonal artery and the proximal segment of the right
coronary artery, with both arteries entering the left atrium. There was
no evidence of coronary stenosis and no regional wall motion abnormality
from baseline echocardiography. Exercise Stress Echocardiography was
performed using an upright ergocycle and the result is indicated an
ischemic response in the right coronary artery territory.
How reliably does prenatal echocardiography predict urgent balloon atrial septostomy in fetuses with d-TGA?
Authors: Gezer Murad , Demirci Oya , Yücel Ilker Kemal
Published: August 2023

Background: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a conotruncal
abnormality. It is associated with ventriculoarterial discordance with
the parallel orientation of the great arteries, in which the aorta
arises from the right ventricle to supply the systemic circulation,
while the main pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle to supply
the pulmonary circulation. Aim: To analyze the prenatal and postnatal
outcomes of fetuses with d-TGA and to determine whether prenatal
echocardiography may predict postnatal urgent BAS. Methods: A
retrospective study of fetuses with d-TGA, for which fetal
echocardiography was performed at our tertiary hospital from January
2018 to May 2023. We assessed the appearance of the septum primum and
the foramen ovale (FO) flap in the four-chamber view as to whether the
FO had a restrictive appearance during measurement of the diameter of
the FO at its maximal angle to the attachment point. Color Doppler was
used to detect ventricular septal defects (VSD) and measure its diameter
both in the four-chamber view and when visualizing the outlets of the
great arteries in the sagittal section of the heart. Results: During the
study period, 64 fetuses were diagnosed with d-TGA, which was also
confirmed postnatally. Of these, 16 fetuses were excluded due to
additional cardiac anomalies or the inability to reach the mother. In
total, 48 cases were included in this series. In our study, the FO
diameter was significantly decreased in the urgent BAS group, compared
with the fetuses without urgent BAS (5.1 mm vs 6.3 mm, p0.05). A cut
off of 6 mm for the FO diameter (sensitivity, 73.3%; specificity,
72.2%; area under the curve [AUC], 0.764) and 3.2 mm for the VSD
diameter (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 75%; AUC, 0.728) suggested
urgent BAS. The FO diameter and the presence of VSD were independent
variables associated with urgent BAS in fetuses with d-TGA (p0.05).
Conclusion: Prenatal echocardiography in fetuses with d-TGA provides
valuable information to estimate the need for postnatal urgent BAS that
would prevent immediate life-threatening complications.
Advancing Heat-as-a-Tracer Groundwater Flux Estimates in Preferential Discharge Zones via Instrumentation and Methods
Authors: Sohn Robert , Briggs Martin A , Rey David
Published: August 2023

Preferential groundwater discharge zones are critical to a wide range of
surface water habitat and water quality processes, but they can be
difficult to characterize due to strong spatial variability in flux rate
and high attenuation of natural temperature signals. As such, passive
heat-as-a-tracer methods employing Vertical Temperature Profiler data
are often ill-suited for quantifying vertical discharge flux rates due
to a combination of inadequate sensor distribution and resolution paired
with analytical modeling methods based on diurnal signals only. Using
data from a site of contaminant-loaded groundwater discharge to the
Quashnet River on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, we demonstrate how
coupled improvements in instrumentation and parameter estimation methods
can largely alleviate these issues. Consequently, more accurate
groundwater flux estimates, including temporal variations, are now
possible at sites of strong discharge using passive heat-as-a-tracer
methods.
A simple parameterization for segmented rating curves
Authors: Hodson Timothy O , Kenney Terry , Over Thomas M , Yeheyis Muluken B
Published: August 2023

Streamflow is one of the most important variables in hydrology but is
difficult to measure continuously. As a result, nearly all streamflow
time series are estimated from rating curvesthat define a mathematical relationship between streamflow and some
easy-to-measure surrogate like water-surface elevation (stage). Most
ratings are still fit manually, which is time-consuming and subjective.
To improve that process, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), among
others, is evaluating algorithms to automate that fitting. Several
automated methods already exist,and each parameterizes the rating curve slightly differently. Because of
the nonconvex nature of the problem, those differences can greatly
affect performance.After some trial and error, we settled on reparameterizing the classic
segmented power law somewhat like a Bayesian physics-informed neural
network. Being physics-informed and Bayesian, the algorithm requires
minimal data and also estimates uncertainty.Its implementation is open source and easily modified so that others can
contribute to improving the quality of USGS streamflow data.
Future pathways of water, energy, and food in the Eastern Nile Basin
Authors: Abdelkader Ahmed , Elshorbagy Amin , Elshamy Mohamed , Wheater Howard
Published: August 2023

The Eastern Nile Basin (ENB) countries of Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, and
Ethiopia are subject to pronounced water, energy, and food (WEF)
insecurity problems. There is a need to manage the WEF nexus to meet
rapidly increasing demands, but this is extremely challenging due to
resource scarcity and climate change. If countries that rely on shared
transboundary water resources have contradictory WEF plans, that could
diminish the expected outcomes, both nationally and regionally. Egypt as
the downstream Nile country is concerned about ongoing and future
developments upstream, which could exacerbate Egypt’s water scarcity and
affect its ability to meet its WEF objectives. In this context, we
introduce a multi-model WEF framework that simulates the ENB’s water
resources, food production, and hydropower generation systems. The
models were calibrated and validated for the period 1983-2016, then
utilized to project a wide range of future development plans, up to
2050, using four performance measures to evaluate the WEF nexus. A
thematic pathway for regional development that showed high potential for
mutual benefits was identified. Results indicate that the ENB countries
could be nearly food self-sufficient before 2050 and generate an
additional 42000 GWh/yr of hydropower, with minimal impacts on Egypt’s
water scarcity problems. The WEF planning outcomes for the region are
sensitive to climate change, but, if social drivers can be managed
(e.g., by lowered population growth rates) despite the difficulties
involved, climate change impacts on WEF security could be less severe.
Along-strike segmentation of seismic tremor and its relationship with the hydraulic structure of the subduction fault zone
Authors: Farge Gaspard , Jaupart Claude , Shapiro Nikolai M.
Published: August 2023

Along the strike of subduction zones, tectonic tremor activity is
segmented on a geologic scale, indicating local variations of the
tremor-generating process. Here, we study how strong temporal clustering
and long-term recurrence of activity can emerge from the synchronization
of elementary tremor sources, as they interact through fluid pressure
transients. We model tremor sources as rapid openings of
low-permeability valves in the permeable fault zone channeling the
upward flow of deep metamorphic fluids. Valve openings trigger fast
pressure transients that generate seismic waves. In such a system,
tremor activity is thus shaped by unsteady fluid circulation. Using
numerical simulations of fluid flow for a large number of different
valve populations, we show that the synchronized, collective activity of
sources generates episodic activity, and that along-strike variations of
fluid flux and fluid transport properties can lead to the segmentation
of tremor activity. Strong tremor bursts that coherently activate wide
parts of the fault and recur with a long period are associated with
patches densely populated with valves and characterized by below-average
permeability. Long-term tremor episodicity emerges from the synchronous
activity of valves in such patches and is responsible for fluid-pressure
cycling at the subduction scale. In the tremor zone of the Shikoku,
Japan, subduction interface, the most temporally clustered segment
coincides with a downgoing seamount chain, suggesting that the
segmentation of the fault zone permeability, and hence of tremor
activity, could be inherited from the topography of the subducting
oceanic plate.
Sensitivity of Simulated Fire-Generated Circulations to Fuel Characteristics During Large Wildfires
Authors: Roberts Matthew , Lareau Neil , Juliano Timothy W , Shamsaei Kasra , Ebrahimian Hamed , Kosovic Branko
Published: August 2023

Coupled fire-atmosphere models often struggle to simulate important fire
processes like fire generated flows, deep flaming fronts, extreme
updrafts, and stratospheric smoke injection during large wildfires. This
study uses the coupled fire-atmosphere model, WRF-Fire to examine the
sensitivities of some of these phenomena to the modeled surface fuel
load. Specifically, the 2020 Bear Fire and 2021 Caldor Fire in
California’s Sierra Nevada are simulated using three fuel loading
scenarios (1x, 4x, and 8x LANDFIRE derived surface fuel), while
controlling the fire rate of spread, to isolate the fuel loading needed
to produce fire-generated flows and plume rise comparable to NEXRAD
radar observations of these events. Increasing fuel loads and
corresponding fire residence time in WRF-Fire leads to deep plumes in
excess of 10 km, strong vertical velocities of 40-45 m s-1, and
combustion fronts several kilometers in width (in the along wind
direction). These results indicate that LANDFIRE-based surface fuel
loads in WRF-Fire likely under-represent fuel loading, having
significant implications for simulating landscape-scale wildfire
processes, associated impacts on spread, and fire-atmosphere feedbacks.
James R. Doty, PCAOB Chairman: 2011–2018
Authors: Keyser John D.
Published: August 2023

James R. Doty led the PCAOB from 2011 to 2018. His tenure began shortly after the PCAOB withstood a constitutional challenge to its existence and in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Under his leadership, the PCAOB expanded the international reach of its inspection program through co-operative agreements with foreign regulators, the auditor’s reporting model was enhanced to provide more information to investors, and information about the engagement partner and other firms involved in audits are now required to be disclosed. Doty also brought economic analysis to bear on the PCAOB’s standard-setting process. Before Doty was appointed to the PCAOB, he was a Rhodes Scholar, a graduate of Yale Law School, a partner in the international law firm of Baker Botts, and General Counsel at the Securities and Exchange Commission.