bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTUDIO SOBRE LA ADMISIBILIDAD Y LA LEGALIDAD DE LAS MEDIDAS COERCITIVAS UNILATER/ALES EM DERECHO INTERNACIONAL. UMA MIRADA A LA REALIDAD ACTUAL
Authors: Dias Bolivar Andrea Valentina
Published: September 2024

Resumen: Desde la década de 1990, el uso de las medidas coercitivas unilaterales (MCU) ha aumentado en las relaciones entre Estados. Sin embargo, estas estrategias coercitivas no son recientes. Se desarrollaron durante la Guerra Fría como una herramienta de los países desarrollados para ejercer presión en sus negociaciones, sin el riesgo de iniciar una nueva guerra. Estas medidas son descritas comúnmente como una “herramienta de política exterior” con el objetivo de coaccionar a otro Estado para modificar su comportamiento y obtener la subordinación del ejercicio de sus derechos soberanos. Las MCU impuestas por un Estado, sin autorización de una Organización Internacional, han sido declaradas por la Asamblea General de la ONU como contrarias al Derecho Internacional, a la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y a las normas y principios que rigen las relaciones pacíficas entre los Estados, además de violar derechos humanos.A raíz de esta constatación, una corriente de opinión sugiere que estas medidas deberían ser tratadas como un mecanismo inadmisible e ilegal en las relaciones internacionales. En este contexto, el presente artículo se centra en responder dos preguntas fundamentales. La primera explora las características que permiten determinar si la coerción interestatal debería ser considerada como un mecanismo inadmisible en las RelacionesInternacionales. La segunda analiza la pertinencia de que las MCU sean clasificadas jurídicamente como “hechos internaciona lmente ilícitos” según el Derecho de la responsabilidad internacional de los Estados.
DESAFIOS DO CONTROLE EXTERNO DA ATIVIDADE POLICIAL NO BRASIL: COMPROMISSOS INTERNACIONAIS E A RESPONSABILIDADE DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO
Authors: Verás Vieira Alexander
Published: September 2024

O controle externo da atividade policial pelo Ministério Público (MP) no Brasil é um dever constitucional que tem implicações na proteção dos direitos fundamentais e humanos, reforçado por tratados e decisões internacionais. Este controle é essencial para a promoção da segurança pública e a proteção multinível de direitos. A alta criminalidade e a efetividade questionável das investigações policiais no Brasil levantam dúvidas sobre a adequação desse controle. Entender os mecanismos de controle pode ajudar a identificar obstáculos e propor alternativas para melhorar a eficiência do serviço policial. Este estudo busca explorar as incertezas relacionadas ao controle externo através de uma breve análise jurisprudencial, complementada por uma revisão normativa e contribuições doutrinárias. O objetivo é aprofundar a compreensão do problema, estimulando o debate acadêmico. A responsabilidade do MP exige constante aperfeiçoamento institucional para atender às demandas sociais. No contexto do controle externo, espera-se mais do que uma supervisão burocrática da atividade policial. Uma interpretação abrangente sugere a necessidade de uma participação mais efetiva do MP, incluindo a análise de investimentos, políticas implementadas e resultados das ações policiais. Esta abordagem evidencia a profundidade do controle esperado, caracterizando-o como uma das obrigações processuais penais positivas, conforme largamente estabelecido pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH). A jurisprudência da Corte exige procedimentos penais eficientes, transparentes, sujeitos a controle público e conduzidos por autoridades independentes. O Brasil já sofreu condenações pela CIDH, demonstrando deficiências no sistema de justiça e destacando a necessidade de um controle externo mais efetivo.
Marca y posicionamiento en la industria apícola en santa cruz - una mirada a partir del modelo brand equity de Aaker y Keller
Authors: Saavedra Romero Pedro Cesar , Saldaña Russo Diana Milka , Añez Casso Daniel Fernando , Arteaga Casal Lider
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio se centra en una investigación exhaustiva del mercado de la miel de abeja en Santa Cruz de la Sierra, utilizando datos recopilados a través de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra representativa de 635 consumidores. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan información valiosa sobre la dinámica del mercado de miel de abeja en esta región y ofrecen perspectivas significativas para las estrategias empresariales y la toma de decisiones en la industria apícola, todo esto a partir de un Modelo Hibrido contemplando los modelos de medición: de marca de Aaker, los del valor capital de la marca de Millward Brown y la Pirámide de Resonancia Keller. Uno de los hallazgos fundamentales es que a pesar de que la miel de abeja es un producto de interés general, un porcentaje considerable de encuestados no consume miel de manera regular. Este hecho subraya oportunidades latentes para la promoción y la educación sobre los beneficios asociados al consumo de miel, indicando un potencial mercado inexplorado. Los consumidores manifiestan una fuerte preferencia por la calidad superior y los atributos relacionados con el sabor y la consistencia al seleccionar una marca de miel de abeja. Entre las marcas evaluadas, -Mi Abejita- y -El Bosque- sobresalen en términos de reconocimiento, aunque se enfrentan a desafíos de posicionamiento. La percepción de marca varía significativamente entre los consumidores, lo que destaca la importancia de una estrategia de posicionamiento efectiva. Además, se lleva a cabo una segmentación de los consumidores, destacando diferencias generacionales en las preferencias de productos. Las generaciones Baby Boomer y X tienden a preferir productos relacionados con la salud, mientras que la Generación Z muestra una inclinación hacia productos de cuidado personal y sustitutos de azúcar.
En general, este estudio representa una contribución significativa al entendimiento del mercado de la miel de abeja en Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de mejorar la conciencia de marca [69,4% carente], enfocarse en la calidad [26,7%] y los atributos relevantes [11,4%], y adaptar las estrategias de marketing a las preferencias generacionales. Asimismo, indican un potencial sin explotar para atraer a nuevos consumidores, lo que podría tener un impacto sustancial en el mercado de la miel de abeja en esta región. Estos resultados ofrecen una visión profunda y perspicaz del mercado de la miel de abeja y sus percepciones por parte de los consumidores, con importantes implicaciones para la estrategia de marketing y la satisfacción de las necesidades de los consumidores en la industria apícola.
Identificación y valoración de habilidades blandas en estudiantes de Ciencias Empresariales en Santa Cruz De La Sierra: un estudio de su importancia en la formación universitaria.
Authors: Lia Cristina Mirta , Poquechoque Cortez Liliana , Vaca Justiniano Bonyivil
Published: September 2024

En las etapas actuales de contingencias e incertidumbre, las organizaciones deben enfrentar entornos turbulentos y cambiantes. Esto requiere profesionales capaces de adaptarse, resolver problemas y poseer habilidades blandas. Las universidades y los docentes deben incentivar el desarrollo de estas habilidades en los estudiantes para formarlos con un perfil integrador. Es esencial que las universidades y los docentes reconozcan esta necesidad y promuevan el desarrollo de estas habilidades en los estudiantes para prepararlos con un perfil integrador. 
Por este motivo se plantea el siguiente interrogante: ¿De qué manera están percibiendo, y siendo consciente de cómo han incorporado las habilidades blandas a lo largo de la vida y en su formación profesional?
En este artículo, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa utilizando 20 grupos focales compuestos por estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias empresariales de semestre avanzados. Durante las sesiones de los grupos focales, se fomentó la interacción entre los participantes, brindándoles la oportunidad de compartir experiencias, opiniones y perspectivas en las mejoras de las habilidades blandas durante su trayectoria educativa, tanto antes como durante su paso por la universidad.
En esta investigación, se ha realizado un análisis exhaustivo de diversos modelos teóricos propuestos por destacados autores, como Martha Alles, Whetten y Cameron, el Modelo Pedagógico de UTEPSA, Goleman y el Modelo Pedagógico de Tec 21 de Monterrey, entre otros. Estos modelos han servido como referencia fundamental para identificar las habilidades que serán objeto de investigación en nuestro estudio.
Entre los hallazgos encontrados se puede resaltar que las habilidades blandas se desarrollan a través de diversas experiencias, como la interacción social, la educación formal, la experiencia laboral y la búsqueda activa de desarrollo personal; se evidencia que los estudiantes reconocen la importancia de estas habilidades, aunque en algunas situaciones les dificulta identificarlas durante su formación. Otro aspecto relevante es que las habilidades blandas complementan a las técnicas y son valoradas en el ámbito profesional.
Otro aspecto importante es que la formación universitaria en habilidades blandas es un desafío para las universidades, y se requiere una mayor uniformidad en su aplicabilidad. Si bien la Universidad a través de su modelo pedagógico realiza todos los esfuerzos al desarrollo de habilidades blandas, los estudiantes no perciben esa intención. pero valoran el conocimiento brindado por los docentes y las oportunidades de participación en clase y desarrollo de trabajo finales por módulo, que les permite la formación de estas habilidades.
Por esta razón surge el desafío para que el docente se sienta comprometido en detectar, apoyar dicha formación profesional enfocada a las habilidades blandas.
Lab to Smartphone: Has the Use of Telepsychiatry Gone Too Far?
Authors: Rettew David
Published: September 2024

Telepsychiatry is an extremely useful tool for psychiatrists and was invaluable during the COVID-19 pandemic in maintaining access to care. However, there are some indications that the practice is being overused and may not be ideal for many patients. This article explores some of the negative aspects of telepsychiatry care and advocates for balance in the use of this rapidly expanding technology.
MEMBUKA GERBANG EKONOMI HALAL INDONESIA: MENGATASI TANTANGAN DAN MERAIH PELUANG
Authors: Oki Mochamad Januar
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji tantangan dan peluang pengembangan ekonomi halal di Indonesia, sebuah sektor yang memiliki potensi besar namun masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan. Permasalahan utama meliputi rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang sertifikasi halal, regulasi yang rumit, dan adopsi teknologi yang terbatas. Melalui metode studi kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika ekonomi halal di berbagai sektor seperti makanan, pariwisata, dan keuangan syariah. Pembahasan berfokus pada strategi mengatasi tantangan dan memanfaatkan peluang, termasuk penyederhanaan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas teknologi, dan penguatan branding produk halal Indonesia di pasar global. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan ekonomi halal memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif yang melibatkan pemerintah, industri, dan akademisi. Strategi kunci meliputi peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, dukungan untuk UMKM, investasi dalam infrastruktur, dan harmonisasi standar halal internasional. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman mendalam tentang potensi ekonomi halal Indonesia dan memberikan rekomendasi konkret untuk mewujudkan posisi Indonesia sebagai pusat ekonomi halal dunia.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS IN LIGHT OF THE CHINESE BRIDGE PROFICIENCY COMPETITION – A CASE STUDY OF BULGARIA
Authors: Lecheva Borislava
Published: September 2024

The paper analyses the popularity of Chinese martial arts and health regimen (Wushu and Qigong) among competitors in the Chinese Bridge Proficiency in Bulgaria from 2019 to 2022. The study indicates that Chinese martial arts and Qigong are relatively popular among Bulgarian students, Taijiquan and Kung Fun Fan being the most popular styles to be presented. Furthermore, the study gives a broader perspective of how different aspects of the language and culture of China are perceived by students.
THE DISTORTION OF CHARACTERS FROM CHINESE MYTHOLOGY IN COMPUTER GAMES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY
Authors: Milanova Elitsa
Published: September 2024

This paper compares the representation of characters from Chinese mythology in computer games and the traditional perception of those characters. The research aims to find out some informational distortions of the characters in modern society and how they influence the formation of the linguistic personality of the gamers.
FAMILY INSTRUCTIONS 家训 DURING THE SONG DYNASTY (part one)
Authors: Tsoncheva Polina
Published: September 2024

The present paper is part of a series of publications focused on the study and systematization of key prerequisites for the formation and sustainable preservation of moral values in Chinese society. The author aims at revealing the development of the jiaxun genre – 家训 – during the Song dynasty. This was a period of great achievements in the fields of technology, material production, political philosophy, state government and elitist culture, which propelled Chinese civilization to the position of a leading world power.
VATICAN (Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis Initiative to Conduct Antibiotic Evaluation): protocolo para um ensaio multicêntrico aberto e randomizado de espera vigilante versus terapia antimicrobiana em traqueobronquite associada ao ventilador
Authors: Tomazini Bruno Martins , Besen Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro , Dietrich Camila , Gandara Ana Paula Rossi , Silva Debora Patrícia , Pinheiro Carla Cristina Gomes , Luz Mariane Nascimento , Mattos Renata Rodrigues de , Reis Luiz Fernando Lima , Roepke Roberta Muriel Longo , Duarte Carlos Sérgio Luna Gomes , Nassar Júnior Antônio Paulo , Veiga Viviane Cordeiro , Arns Beatriz , Nascimento Giovanna Marssola , Pereira Adriano José , Cavalcanti Alexandre Biasi , Machado Flávia Ribeiro , Azevedo Luciano Cesar Pontes
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Contexto A traqueobronquite associada ao ventilador é uma condição comum entre pacientes ventilados invasivamente em unidades de terapia intensiva, para a qual se desconhece atualmente a melhor estratégia de tratamento. Desenhamos o estudo VATICAN (Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis Initiative to Conduct Antibiotic Evaluation) para avaliar se uma estratégia de tratamento antibiótico de espera vigilante não é inferior ao tratamento antibiótico de rotina para traqueobronquite associada ao ventilador em relação aos dias sem ventilador mecânico. Métodos O VATICAN é um estudo randomizado, controlado, aberto e multicêntrico de não inferioridade. Os pacientes com suspeita de traqueobronquite associada ao ventilador sem evidência de pneumonia associada ao ventilador ou instabilidade hemodinâmica devido a uma provável infecção serão designados para uma estratégia de espera vigilante, sem administração profilática de antimicrobianos contra traqueobronquite associada ao ventilador e prescrição de antimicrobianos somente em casos de pneumonia associada ao ventilador, sepse ou choque séptico, ou outro diagnóstico infeccioso, ou para uma estratégia de tratamento antimicrobiano de rotina por 7 dias. O desfecho primário será o número de dias sem ventilador mecânico em 28 dias, e um desfecho secundário importante será a sobrevida sem pneumonia associada ao ventilador. Por meio de uma estrutura de intenção de tratar com análise de sensibilidade por protocolo, a análise do desfecho primário abordará a não inferioridade com margem de 20%, o que se traduz em uma diferença de 1,5 dia sem ventilador. Outras análises seguirão uma estrutura de análise de superioridade. Conclusão O VATICAN seguirá todos os padrões éticos nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo é publicar o estudo em um periódico geral de alta visibilidade e apresentá-lo em conferências de cuidados intensivos e doenças infecciosas para divulgação. Estes resultados provavelmente serão imediatamente aplicáveis à beira do leito após a conclusão do estudo e fornecerão informações com baixo risco de viés para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes.
The Development of Edutourism Research : A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Bhakti Aditya Dwi Putra , Prakoso Havidz Ageng , Nasvian Moch. Fuad , Bakhtiar Ary , Wibowo Novin Farid Styo , Anwar Vivi Alayda
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the development of edutourism during the 20th century, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its evolution throughout the century. The primary objective of this research is to examine the growth of edutourism and identify existing gaps in the literature to guide future studies in this field. Utilizing a bibliometric approach, we analyzed a wide range of scientific publications on edutourism, which were obtained from multiple academic databases. By employing advanced visualization techniques, we were able to identify key trends and patterns that have emerged over time. The analysis highlights a notable increase in the integration of educational and tourism components, particularly in areas like environmental education. However, despite this growth, several aspects of edutourism remain under-researched and warrant further exploration. The findings of this study underline the significant potential of edutourism within the broader context of sustainable tourism, offering critical insights for both researchers and practitioners interested in deepening their understanding of this dynamic field.
THE PRAGMATIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO FOLKLORE
Authors: AGOLLI Rriollza
Published: September 2024

In 1846, William Thoms introduced the word folklore, and since then arguments about the true definition of the word have been widely developed (Dundes, 1965). Folklore includes all knowledge, meanings, values, attitudes, assumptions, feelings, and beliefs transmitted in traditional forms orally or by customary examples. The variability in the context of a community and the functional and stylistic features of folklore materials, at a time of social change (Hendricks, 2019), reveal the universal character of the connection of folklore with pragmatic and sociolinguistics. The sociolinguistic method of description and analysis (Gumperz, 2003) of the linguistic features of the folklore text, in social contexts, shows that its structure can be integrated into the linguistic structure, while Pragmatic Theory (Lawal, 2012) identifies two main structures: the structure surface and background texture. The main structures consist of six levels. The first level is linguistic and is located in the surface structure. The linguistic level is the level at which utterances are produced: phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical, and semantic features. The other levels are further divided into contexts and competencies symmetrically. Taking these into account, the different approaches to the study of the folklore text as a linguistic object are easily distinguishable. The object of this paper is the pragma-sociolinguistic approach to proverbs. The study of the formal features of proverbs expands, including the social contexts in which they are used and the participants in the acts of communication. Our paper relies on the pragma-sociolinguistic theory of Adegbija 1982, revised in 1987. This theory posits that the pragma-sociolinguistic concept (cf. 1982) refers to the various speech contexts facilitating effective communication. The concept of pragma-sociolinguistics means historical, personal, environmental, sociocultural features and linguistic aspects of all factors related to the context in which a certain discourse occurs.
PROBLEM TASKS IN MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOKS
Authors: SHAQIRI Mirlinda , ILJAZI Teuta
Published: September 2024

Mathematics is an important discipline in education which provides a basis for problem solving, critical thinking and analytical skills. Textbooks are as important for mathematics as they are for other subjects. Problem posing is one of the important activities in mathematics education. The purpose of this study is to analyze the activities of problem presentation in the mathematics’ textbooks of primary schools from the first to the fifth grade provide by the Ministry of Education and Science. For this purpose, five elementary school mathematics’ texts were analyzed with the method of analysis, educational fields and types of problem presentation. The results show that in the textbooks of the subject of mathematics from the first to the fifth grade, excluding the mathematics book for the third grade, they are presented in total 20%, 29%, 34% and 37%, respectively, problem tasks have been presented. From the results, it is considered necessary to increase the number of problem activities in textbooks, their application in everyday life and to diversify the type of problem presentation.
ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY PROGRAMS OF PEDAGOGIC FACULTIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: ILJAZI Agron , SHEHU Florina , REXHEPI ILJAZI Jehona
Published: September 2024

Through the analysis of the study programs of the pedagogic faculties in the Republic of North Macedonia, it will be proven how much the descriptors of the pedagogic faculties in the country address the benefit of the competencies that students can achieve, in terms of the application of knowledge in practice and their understanding, communicative skills, and the ability to judge different situations. Furthermore, these competencies are meant to be applied by students as future teachers. Through the analysis of the study programs of the pedagogic faculties, the descriptors of the pedagogic faculties have been included, especially the study programs for Classroom Teaching, including the Pedagogic Faculty “St Klimen Ohridski” – Skopje, Pedagogic Faculty - University of Tetova, Pedagogic Faculty "St. Kliment of Ohrid" - Bitola, and the Faculty of Education Sciences - at "Goce Delchev" University in Shtip. The analysis of the study program descriptors in the country's pedagogic faculties was carried out in two stages, where initially the descriptors of the four pedagogic faculties were analyzed; and in the second phase the communication between the faculties was carried out regarding the progress of the application of the competences that emerge from the descriptors. It will be shown that the data from the expected scientific contribution, related to the analysis of the descriptors in the pedagogic faculties of the Republic of North Macedonia, in relation to the treatment and placement of teaching and learning, will be satisfactory, for the acquisition of students' competencies as future teachers who will contribute to improving the quality of primary education in the country.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS' MOTIVATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PROBLEMS IN THE HANDICRAFT INDUSTRY (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JODHPUR)
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Ramna Ramna
Published: September 2024

Economic progress is centred on entrepreneurship. It is a multifaceted task that primarily involves creativity. An emerging reality of women's entrepreneurship, more specifically in the realm of handcraft industry coming from Jodhpur comes with its own set of arduous challenges The handicraft industry in Rajasthan provides ample opportunities for women entrepreneurs to display their creativity and play a role in the economic development of the region. This study aims to explore a unique form of entrepreneurship practiced by women operating handicraft businesses. This research paper aims to explore the challenges, and motivational factor faced by women entrepreneurs in the handicraft industry in Rajasthan. It is a case study of the Jodhpur which are culturally rich city in Rajasthan, India. A sample of 50 women entrepreneurs engaged in handicraft units was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The results of this investigatory, based on descriptive statistics, revealed a number of opportunities for these female entrepreneurs such as increase international demand and government providing a number of schemes and programmes to promote handicrafts, besides some of the problems faced by these female entrepreneurs like lack of technological knowledge, lack of knowledge of marketing trends, and financial assistance. Furthermore, the research revealed a rank order of factors affecting them based on the opinions of respondents. Family, self and societal, financial and economic, political and environmental, marketing and mobility. This study is going to explore these challenges so as to provide more support and make it easy for women entrepreneurs in handicraft sector.
CHAPTER 3: Analysis of the Impact of Poor Infrastructure Provision on the Quality of Education in Rural Schools
Authors: Mncube Dumsani
Published: September 2024

Most developing countries tend to repeat the same mistakes of under-investing in school infrastructure meant to facilitate quality education. South Africa is no exception, with a significant decline in the quality of school infrastructure inevitably posing a serious risk to the quality of education provided. This study investigates the effects of poor infrastructure provision on the quality of education. The Sustainable Development Goals pioneered by UNESCO in 2016 identified the threat posed by poor school infrastructure facilities to human rights, safety, and the right to life of teachers and learners. A qualitative research approach was used to generate and analyse data. A systematic literature review was preferred as the main source of the data-gathering process to answer the critical research question. This study built a multiple-case approach by carefully selecting peer-reviewed, scholarly publications questioning the state of school infrastructure, non-governmental organisation Advocacy group ‘Section 27’ report, education policy, and the learning process, including academic articles, research reports, books, and monographs on stumbling blocks exerting a negative impact on effective education in South Africa. This painstaking process draws its discourse and conclusion from the analysis and synthesis of information, culminating in a set of propositions developed by the author. The choice of sources led to sound empirical evidence and plausible conclusions and recommendations. The study demonstrates that governments do not pay attention to basic infrastructure and amenities to promote effective education and quality of life. Infrastructure such as pit toilets in Limpopo, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal are concerning. Again, the shortage and delays in the distribution of teaching materials and books, gang violence playing out in schools and social media harassment reported in media threaten both teachers and learners and, as such, exert a negative impact on the performance of learners referred to in this study as stumbling blocks. This has serious long-term ramifications on the effective teaching and learning environment, indirectly perpetuating total neglect and lack of accountability by the Department of Basic Education (DBE).
CHAPTER 6: Rethinking Safety in Today’s Schools
Authors: Sibanda Sifiso
Published: September 2024

The question of safety in the Global South schools has been raised in different forums. This issue has sparked fiery debates in communities, social media, parliament, and many other platforms. Over the years, the Global South education departments have dominated the headlines of newspapers about the horrendous episodes of human slaughter in schools. Acts of violence have been unabatedly perpetrated by learners, educators, and the communities. Schools have become death traps for both the innocent learners in the classroom and the members of gangs The author sought to consider the extent to which bloodbaths have affected the performance of learners in schools in the Global South. This article traces various forms of misdemeanour that are plaguing schools in this generation and suggests ways of mitigating this scourge. The tool used to gather data for this article is literature review. Based on the findings established after an intensive literature review, the author contends that there is no more safety in schools due to internecine violence that continues ravaging these institutions. The author further asserts that the tension brought by violence has significantly affected the performance of learners in those schools. Moreover, the same phenomenon has deterred educators and administrators from discharging their duties effectively. The author proposes a more tactical approach to address this dilemma in schools to reduce the loss of lives and restore calm and order.
CHAPTER 7: Dangers Lurking in and Around Schools: Discourses of Intrusion and Narratives of Entitlement
Authors: Hove Muchativugwa L.
Published: September 2024

In contributing to Stumbling blocks on the way to effective education in the Global South, this chapter foregrounds the languaging practices (the ways of naming and othering; the fashioning of labels and identity markers) embedded in the perception of the émigré and the asylum seeker as an ‘extravagant and wheeling stranger of here and everywhere’ in both the global north and global south. The chapter reports on the problematic and disquieting questions about how identities are expressed, constructed, and navigated in multilingual and culturally diverse settings. I assess the functions of language and culture in this process of navigating meanings and identities. To accomplish this, I focus on the sociological, media and literary study of narratives of migrants and investigate in what ways they present new understandings of cultural diversity, including issues of language education, integration, exclusion and Othering. Revisiting the waves of xenophobia witnessed in South Africa in recent years from 2008, including the highly charged July unrest in 2020, I reflexively assess the embedded nuances and the dangers lurking in and out of school through multicultural literature, media dissemination and representations of ‘otherness’, multilingual classrooms and cultural histories that refract migrant experiences with regards integration and identity formation, construction and reconfiguration.
CHAPTER 12: Investigating the Realization of Learners’ Rights to Education: A Case of South African School Infrastructure
Authors: Mampane Kgale
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research reported in this chapter was to examine how the right of learners to education are being realized by placing particular emphasis on school facilities. The effective realization of learners’ right to education rests on the equal distribution of resources in various schools. It is presumable that, due to inadequate school facilities, the right to education is not always practised and fully realized. Five principals, five Heads of Department, and five teachers from five separate schools in the province of Mpumalanga were randomly selected for participation in this qualitative research study. The results make it quite evident that the Department of Basic Education failed to provide adequate school infrastructure, and this nefarious act assisted in violating learners’ rights to education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the aim of acquiring information regarding school infrastructure by applying a qualitative method. It was discovered that South African schools lack libraries and laboratories; have damaged classroom structures; and have subpar sanitary facilities. While some schools have excellent infrastructure, others lack even the most basic services. The government’s subpar infrastructure facilities directly contributed to the infringement of learners’ rights to education.
CHAPTER 9: Understanding Learner Dropout Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: School Management’s Dilemma in Stemming the Tide
Authors: Khumalo J.B. , Matekane R. , Xaba M.I.
Published: September 2024

This chapter reports on a study that sought to probe the phenomenon of learner dropout by examining social factors that lead to learners dropping out of school. Seen through the lens of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the researchers postulate that social factors that cause learners to drop out of school should be viewed from the perspective of learners having unmet needs, which culminates in their disillusionment with school. These learners assume that their needs cannot be satisfied by attending school. Caught in this precarity, school management teams – comprising principals, deputy principals and departmental heads – find themselves walking the edge of a precipice in the quest to stem the tide of learner dropout. This study followed a qualitative phenomenology, underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm. The researchers listened to the voices of the participants on social factors that compel them to drop out of school. Data were generated from a purposive sample of five principals and five teachers in a sub-district of the Department of Basic Education in a province of South Africa. Data analysis followed content analysis to identify themes. The findings confirm several social factors that cause learner dropout, including poverty, teenage pregnancy, a lack of parental guidance, drug and alcohol abuse, false beliefs, a lack of community support, teenage crime and the low education level of parents. Management guidelines are recommended to stem the tide of learner dropout.
Masker Wajah Lobak Putih dan Madu Untuk Perawatan Kulit Kering
Authors: Agus Susanti  , Emiziana
Published: September 2024

Dry facial skin causes cracks on the skin surface and will feel dry to the touch. Dry skin is caused by genetic factors, aging, hormonal changes, and cold weather. The purpose of this study was to make a mask made from white radish and honey which functions to moisturize facial skin so that it can be used for dry facial treatment. The method used in this research is interview method, documentation, library method, experimental method. Experiments on making white radish and honey face masks for the treatment of dry skin were carried out at the Laboratory of the Kartini Academy of Social Welfare's Makeup Study Program, Jalan Sultan Agung, No. 77, Gajahmungkur Village, Gajah Mungkur District, Semarang. City. Experiments were carried out 3 times with the composition of 1) white radish 41.25 g, honey 35 g 2) white radish 41.25 g, honey 40 g 3) white radish 41.25 g honey 55 g. The results showed that the third experiment resulted in products: fresher aroma (honey scent), soft texture, dark brown color, stronger adhesion so that it is easy to apply. Implementing it properly supports amazing results. The change after 2 uses of White Radish and Honey Face Mask leaves skin moisturized and supple
INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA DE LAS MUJERES EN MÉXICO: UN ANÁLISIS A TRAVÉS DE UN MODELO ECONOMÉTRICO
Authors: Oviedo Rivas Anahí , Navarrete Marneou Juana Edith , Beltrán López Robert
Published: September 2024

La inclusión financiera es un elemento fundamental que debe ser incorporado en los temas prioritarios a tratar por los países para disminuir la brecha de género en grupos vulnerables, esta investigación analiza la inclusión financiera de la mujer en México a través de un modelo econométrico no lineal probit con 7345 datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera 2021; dando como resultado que las mujeres casadas presentan la menor probabilidad de poseer una cuenta de ahorro y/o tarjeta de crédito; y las mujeres solteras y divorciadas tienen la mayor probabilidad de hacer uso de una tarjeta de crédito o de una cuenta de ahorro y esto puede deberse en gran medida al papel que las mujeres desempeñan en sus hogares y que por consecuencia las ponen en desventaja financiera. Los resultados de este trabajo de investigación permiten evidenciar la existencia de obstáculos que viven las mujeres en su día a día y lo cual es un reto para los gobiernos actuales, pues esto es fundamental para que los Gobiernos puedan tomar decisiones encaminadas a la promoción de la inclusión financiera en el país y a la reducción de las barreras de género.
AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DAS ÁGUAS DE BEBEDOUROS DE COZINHAS DA ESCOLA ESTADUAL SANTA RITA DE CÁSSIA E OFICINA DE ENSINO SONHO MEU
Authors: Noé Jacqueline de Lima Gomes , Mariano Michele Silva Freire , Costa Cristiam Moraes da , Silva Daniel Rosa da , Silva Douglas Batista da , Senna Junior Vicente Antonio de
Published: September 2024

The planet is enveloped by an immense amount of water, which is extremely important to all living beings as it is fundamental to various bodily functions. However, it must meet drinking water standards because it is used for hydration and food preparation. Since children spend much of their day in school, this study aimed to analyze and evaluate the water quality of supplies at Santa Rita de Cássia State School and the Sonho Meu Teaching Workshop, both located in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. Physical-chemical and microbiological methods were employed, and the results were satisfactory, making the water safe for consumption. Given these findings, regular monitoring is crucial for the prevention of water borne diseases and the maintenance of health; the responsibility for this lies with the establishment’s management.
Adjuvant Intravesical Chemotherapy
Authors: Hamid-Zada Ilkin , Toprak Kenan
Published: September 2024

In this section, we reviewed adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy for Non-Muscle invasive bladder cancer. Mitomycin C indicated for the treatment of bladder cancer and effective for low and intermediate-risk tumors.Epirubicin is a doxorubicin analogue. Perioperative epirubicin treatment is appropriate for patients with low-grade ,single sided and up to 3 cm diameter tumors. Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic intravesical agent. Intravesical gemcitabine is effective in patients with BCG-resistant disease and who refuse radical cystectomy.
Radical Cystectomy for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yuksel Alpaslan
Published: September 2024

Radical cystectomy, removing the bladder, is an option for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that resists BCG therapy or has features like high-grade tumors. While it offers better cancer control, this major surgery carries risks of urinary diversion, sexual dysfunction, and fatigue. Doctors and patients should carefully weigh the benefits and drawbacks of this treatment for high-risk NMIBC.
Bladder Cancer Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Authors: Demirtas Bekir , Kazan Ozgur
Published: September 2024

This section contains information about the symptoms and diagnostic stages of bladder cancer. The approach to hematuria, the most common presenting symptom in bladder cancer, is also emphasized. The effectiveness of screening in asymptomatic patients is still debated. Traditional methods continue to be reliably used in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. However, new imaging methods and markers, proven to enhance diagnostic success, are expected to be routinely used in diagnosis and follow-up.
Pathological Staging, Grading, and Classifi Cation of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Keser Ferhat , Kir Gozde
Published: September 2024

The tumor, node, metastasis classification is used in the staging of bladder cancer. Although it is not yet included in current urology guidelines, the prognostic significance of the T1 substaging has been suggested in many studies. The grading of bladder cancer uses the World Health Organization’s 1973 and 2004/2022 classifications, new classifications formed by their combination are currently favored. Carcinoma in situ and lymphovascular invasion are important entities in recurrence and progression. According to the WHO guidelines, urothelial carcinoma’s morphological diversity is classified into 10 subtypes, and it is suggested to report the ratio of divergent differentiation and/or histological variants.
Conventional and Investigational Imaging Techniques
Authors: Tufekci Burak , Keles Ahmet
Published: September 2024

This chapter highlights the evolution and current advancements in bladder cancer imaging, underscoring the need for ongoing research to optimize imaging modalities and integrate novel technologies in clinical practice. Bladder cancer imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning of the disease, distinguishing between non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive tumors. Emerging techniques and artificial intelligence are increasingly significant, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalized treatment strategies.
Risk Stratifi Cation of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ulus Ismail
Published: September 2024

In this section, most widely used risk classification systems for recurrence and progression explained. As non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is recurrent and progressive disease, it is very important to risk stratify patients to guide treatment and follow-up. In seperate headlines formation and shortcomings of these classifications are highlighted.
Creativity in research and development environments: A practical review
Authors: Burbiel J.
Published: September 2024

Creativity is of paramount importance to the innovation process. Therefore the findings of creativity research should be thoroughly considered in organisations where innovation processes are required. This review summarises the literature in the field of work place creativity, with special attention given to R&D environments. Current theoretical models of creativity are discussed and a literature review of the influence of (i) motivation, (ii) interaction within work groups and between group leaders and members, and (iii) organisational culture and environment on creativity is undertaken. Practical advice is derived from literature findings wherever possible.
The effects of message strategy and execution framework on teenage boy's processing of print advertisements in India
Authors: Chattopadhyay T.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the most effective print advertising strategy in terms of message strategy and execution framework for teenage boys in India. Teenage boys (n = 400) watched twenty advertisements in which message strategy and execution framework were manipulated in a 2x10 completely crossed factorial design and were asked to rate their attention, comprehension, retention, attitudes and purchase motivation about these advertisements. Results suggest that affective message strategy along with personality symbol as execution framework is most effective for teenage boys. Findings are then discussed.
Determinants of FDI in BRICS Countries: A panel analysis
Authors: Vijayakumar N. , Sridharan P. , Rao K.C.S.
Published: September 2024

This study examines the factors determining FDI inflows of BRICS countries using annual dataset from the period 1975 to 2007 (for Russia required data set is available from 1990 onwards). The study employs Panel data analysis and finds that the selected variables Market size, Labour cost, Infrastructure, Currency value and Gross Capital formation as the potential determinants of FDI inflows of BRICS countries. The Economic Stability and Growth prospects (measured by inflation rate and Industrial production respectively), Trade openness (measured by the ratio of total trade to GDP) are seems to be the insignificant determinant of FDI inflows of the BRICS countries. The empirical results are robust in general for alternative variables determining FDI flows.
Determinants of Customer Continuance Intention of Online Shopping
Authors: Al-maghrabi T. , Dennis C. , Vaux Halliday S. , BinAli A.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to clarify theory and identify factors that could explain the level of continuance intention of e-shopping. A revised technology acceptance model integrates expectation confirmation theory and investigates effects of age differences. An online survey of internet shoppers in Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modelling and invariance analysis confirm model fit. The findings confirm that perceived usefulness, enjoyment and social pressure are determinants of e-shopping continuance. The structural weights are mostly equivalent between young and old but the regression path from perceived usefulness to social pressure is stronger for younger respondents. This research moves beyond e-shopping intentions to factors affecting e-shopping continuance, explaining 55% of intention to continue shopping online. Online strategies cannot ignore direct and indirect effects on continuance intentions. The findings contribute to literature on internet shopping and continuance intentions in the context of Saudi Arabia.
A structural model of customer satisfaction and trust in vendors involved in mobile commerce
Authors: Suki N.M.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to provide an explanation of factors influencing customer satisfaction and trust in vendors involved in mobile commerce (m-commerce). The study sample consists of 200 respondents. Data were analyzed by employing structural equation modelling (SEM) supported by AMOS 5.0 with maximum likelihood estimation in order to test the proposed hypotheses. The proposed model was empirically tested and results confirmed that users
Psicossomática, uma interseção entre filosofia da mente e psicanálise
Authors: Salgado Guilherme
Published: September 2024

O autor busca demonstrar a influência das relações na experiência mental e, com base nisso, postular o adoecimento físico como possível fruto de turbulências vinculares e ambientais. Para isso, estabelece um diálogo entre filosofia e psicanálise, apresentando as principais correntes do campo da filosofia da mente e trazendo ao debate algumas ideias fundamentais de psicanalistas como Ronald Fairbairn, Wilfred Bion, Michael Balint e Donald Winnicott, além do próprio Freud. O norte deste trabalho será a originalidade do pensamento psicossomático brasileiro, especificamente desenvolvido no Centro de Medicina Psicossomática e Psicologia Médica (Hospital Geral da Santa Casa, Rio de Janeiro).
Mente primordial e o corpo. O não-corpo e o tornar-se um corpo
Authors: Korbivcher Celia Fix
Published: September 2024

O objetivo da autora é investigar o papel do corpo nos estados primordiais da mente, em que ele é um “corpo desabitado”, sem que se tenha constituído um eu interior que o habite. Ela reflete sobre o funcionamento da mente primordial. Examina o tipo de linguagem usado pelo analista para permitir que o paciente desenvolva um self que habite esse corpo (“tornar-se corpo”), conectando o corpo à mente. Propõe que essa linguagem seja o que denomina linguagem de emoção. Apresenta o material clínico de Pedro para ilustrar essas ideias e abrir o tópico à discussão.
Advancing Ballet Performance with Physics-Based Character Animation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kim Christian J.
Published: September 2024

Deep reinforcement learning methods in physics-based character animation have diverse application potential for ballet performance including high-fidelity movement replication, enhanced pose estimation, and creative choreography prototyping. First, a current overview of foundational deep reinforcement learning frameworks is presented, primarily based on latest developments including DeepMimic, Residual Force Control (RFC), Adversarial Motion Priors (AMP), and Simulated Character Control for 3D Human Pose Estimation (SimPoE). DeepMimic applies reference motion data for learning control policies and can synthesize a high-fidelity of the corresponding complex motion. RFC resolves dynamics mismatches with the help of external residual forces that allow it to perform certain motions. AMP is a combination of reinforcement learning and generative adversarial networks that helps in policy learning from scarce data, while SimPoE is the integration of physics-based control with the 3D pose estimator for realism. The research focuses on exploring compatible uses of these technologies in ballet performance, from fine tuning of methods to mimic the exacting nature of artistic ballet movements to concerns of scalability, data integrity, and ethical considerations.