bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Urine Testing Among Febrile Children in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Kyaw Than S. , De La Cueva Carina , Leva Natalia , Goldberg Debbie , Allen Isabel E. , Overland Maya , Washington Sam , Copp Hillary L.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the association of race and ethnicity with urine testing for febrile children in the emergency department and to measure trends in urine testing from 2002 to 2021.

Study Design/Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of children aged 2–24 months with a recorded temperature of ≥ 38 °C who presented to an emergency department in the United States from 2002 to 2021 using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We assessed trends in urine testing stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity over two decades and performed univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Between 2002 and 2021, there were 31,552,201 estimated emergency department visits by febrile children aged 2–24 months with recorded temperature ≥ 38.0 °C. In 2002–2012, Hispanic females and non-Hispanic Black females had significantly lower frequencies (13–19% vs. 26%; p < 0.001) compared to non-Hispanic White females. However, urine testing frequencies significantly increased over the study period for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black females (coefficients of 1.10 and 0.74, respectively; multivariate linear regression tests for trend, p < 0.05). By 2021, there were no racial and ethnic differences in urine testing (p > 0.05). There were no differences among males (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Nationally, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black females had disproportionately lower frequencies of receiving urine tests at the beginning of the study period but had equivalent frequencies to non-Hispanic White females by 2021, suggesting that racial and ethnic disparities have decreased over time. Future research will examine the impact of these trends on disparities in health outcomes.
Fast-Developing Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management: Full-Scale Fundamentals, Switching Methods, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Xie Long , Wang Xuechuan , Bai Yageng , Zou Xiaoliang , Liu Xinhua
Published: February 2025

Rapid population growth in recent decades has intensified both the global energy crisis and the challenges posed by climate change, including global warming. Currently, the increased frequency of extreme weather events and large fluctuations in ambient temperature disrupt thermal comfort and negatively impact health, driving a growing dependence on cooling and heating energy sources. Consequently, efficient thermal management has become a central focus of energy research. Traditional thermal management systems consume substantial energy, further contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, emergent radiant thermal management technologies that rely on renewable energy have been proposed as sustainable alternatives. However, achieving year-round thermal management without additional energy input remains a formidable challenge. Recently, dynamic radiative thermal management technologies have emerged as the most promising solution, offering the potential for energy-efficient adaptation across seasonal variations. This review systematically presents recent advancements in dynamic radiative thermal management, covering fundamental principles, switching mechanisms, primary materials, and application areas. Additionally, the key challenges hindering the broader adoption of dynamic radiative thermal management technologies are discussed. By highlighting their transformative potential, this review provides insights into the design and industrial scalability of these innovations, with the ultimate aim of promoting renewable energy integration in thermal management applications.
Evaporation of Cu from Molten Steel Containing C and S Under Reduced Pressure at 1650 °C for Developing Refining Process of EAF Steel
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jae , Park Jung-Ho , Seo Jeong-Do , Kim Wook , Kang Soo-Chang , Choi Ja-Yong , Kang Youn-Bae
Published: February 2025

The evaporation of Cu from molten steel containing C and S was investigated by employing high-temperature gas–liquid reaction and kinetic mechanism analysis. To continue the development of the tramp element removal process by evaporation, the investigation was extended to reduced pressures in the present study. A systematic study was carried out with well-controlled steel chemistry in order to avoid uncontrolled impurity effects. An electromagnetic levitation technique with a rapid-evacuation chamber was developed. The experiments were carried out under a chemical reaction-controlled regime to elucidate the evaporation mechanism, mostly at 1650 °C. Apart from the previous findings (acceleration of Cu evaporation by increasing temperature, surface blocking of S, simultaneous evaporation of Cu(g) and CuS(g), and coupled effect of C and S), it was found that Cu evaporation was significantly accelerated by decreasing pressure. The previous reaction rate model of Cu evaporation from molten steel surface was extended to take into account the evacuation. The intrinsic rate constants of each gas species were obtained as functions of pressure. It was proposed that the evaporation of Cu via residual sites was accelerated under reduced pressure.

Graphical Abstract
Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Web-Based Psychological Treatments on Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vicente-Escudero Jose Luis
Published: February 2025

Symptoms of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and decreased quality of life are common in patients with multiple sclerosis and web-based psychological treatments may help to improve such symptomatology. Therefore, the aim of this research was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of web-based psychological interventions to improve these symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. We selected randomized or non-randomized clinical trials with adult population diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, treated with web-based psychological treatments, providing a comparative group with similar clinical characteristics to the intervention group, and providing measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, or quality of life. The search was conducted in seven databases in December 2023. Publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test, Hedges’ g effect size was calculated, and meta-regression analyses were performed. Eighteen studies were included, with 25 treatment groups and 14 comparative groups. Effect sizes were of moderate magnitude, and somewhat lower but less heterogeneous when treatments were exclusively cognitive behavioral. Higher effect sizes were found when treatments were of short duration, incorporated relaxation components, goal setting, and physical activity, and were applied early. Cognitive behavioral web-based psychological treatments are a recommended choice for the treatment of these symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.
An interpretable DeePMD-kit performance model for emerging supercomputers
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Wang Xun , Li Mingzhen , Tan Guangming , Jia Weile
Published: February 2025

Deep potential (DP) scheme has increased the simulation temporal and spatial scales while maintaining the ab initio accuracy of the molecular dynamics. DeePMD-kit is an outstanding application that implements DP scheme efficiently. However, current performance model cannot accurately measure the resource utilization of DeePMD-kit operators and predict the execution time. We introduce DP-perf, an interpretable performance model for DeePMD-kit. DP-perf can accurately measure the resource utilization of the individual DeePMD-kit operators, communication pattern, and the overall application by exploiting physical system properties and machine configurations. It can be easily applied to mainstream supercomputers including Tianhe-3F, the new Sunway, Fugaku, and Summit. With DP-perf, users can select the optimal machine and decide the corresponding configuration for various purposes (e.g., lower cost, less time) without real runs. Evaluation of four top supercomputers shows that DP-perf can fit overall execution time with a low mean absolute percentage error of 5.7 %/8.1%/14.3%/13.1% on Tianhe-3F/new Sunway/Fugaku/Summit. On the prediction scenario, DP-perf can predict the total execution time with a mean absolute percentage error of less than 20%.
Feature fusion of single and orthogonal polarized rock images for intelligent lithology identification
Authors: Ma Wen , Han Tao , Xu Zhenhao , Lin Peng
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an intelligent lithology identification method that utilizes the feature fusion of single polarized and orthogonal polarized rock images. The traditional thin section identification method heavily relies on manual expertise, leading to subjective results and requiring significant time and labor. To overcome these limitations, we establish a microscopic feature fusion model using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This model leverages the complementarity information from single polarized and orthogonal polarized features. By extracting features from microscopic rock images using convolutional kernels and integrating multi-feature information at both the input and feature levels, the proposed method enhances the classification accuracy of the model, providing a more efficient and objective solution for lithology identification. To evaluate the identification performance, several metrics including accuracy (Acc), precision (P), recall (R), F1-score, and a confusion matrix are employed. The results demonstrate that the fusion model achieved a maximum accuracy of 98.66% on the testing set, representing a 4.91% improvement over using single polarized images alone and a 1.55% improvement over orthogonal polarized images alone. The integration of advanced deep learning models with microscopic image analysis techniques enables researchers and non-geologists to automate the identification and classification of extensive rock sample datasets efficiently. Moreover, the proposed method proves particularly useful in cases with complex mineral compositions and similar structures, as it provides more reliable and accurate analytical results.
Fostering public trust in national health data platforms: key considerations for public involvement activities for England and Switzerland
Authors: Daniore Paola , Hurndall Katherine-Helen , Zavattaro Federica , Leis Melanie , Gille Felix
Published: February 2025

Recent developments in national health data platforms have the potential to significantly advance medical research, improve public health outcomes, and foster public trust in data governance. Across Europe, initiatives such as the NHS Research Secure Data Environment in England and the Data Room for Health-Related Research in Switzerland are underway, reflecting examples analogous to the European Health Data Space in two non-EU nations. Policy discussions in England and Switzerland emphasize building public trust to foster participation and ensure the success of these platforms. Central to building public trust is investing efforts into developing and implementing public involvement activities. In this commentary, we refer to three national research programs, namely the UK Biobank, Genomics England, and the Swiss Health Study, which implemented effective public involvement activities and achieved high participation rates. The public involvement activities used within these programs are presented following on established guiding principles for fostering public trust in health data research. Under this lens, we provide actionable policy recommendations to inform the development of trust-building public involvement activities for national health data platforms.
The look of NATO: Comparing visual representations of military force and alliance identity in 1984 and 2021
Authors: Schlag Gabi
Published: February 2025

As social identities are not static but made, actors constantly invest in their public image, financially, institutionally, and aesthetically. This article examines and compares two vignettes of NATO’s public (visual) diplomacy and strategic communication. It shows the changing nature of the visual communication that NATO has applied to rationalise its military force and to fix its collective identity. In addition, the article illustrates that the changing visual communication of the alliance shapes and is shaped by its identity constructions and its quest for ontological security. For the vignette of a force comparison report from 1984, authored by the NATO Information Service, I argue that technical images are conditioning the sensible and possible by normalising the deployment of military force and disciplining anxieties about the self, deterrence, and defence. This look is based on spatial divisions, absent people, and relational objects. Compared to the vignette of NATO’s more recent social media campaign, #NATO2030, published in 2021, I argue that the latter reveals the progressive nature of the alliance by gaze to gender, diversity, and collective security. This shift from a deterrence-fixed to a human-faced episteme symbolises NATO’s ability to secure a stable self while adopting its public diplomacy.
Average Analytic Ranks of Elliptic Curves over Number Fields
Authors: Phillips Tristan
Published: February 2025

We give a conditional bound for the average analytic rank of elliptic curves over an arbitrary number field. In particular, under the assumptions that all elliptic curves over a number field K are modular and have L-functions which satisfy the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we show that the average analytic rank of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over K is bounded above by
$(9\deg (K)+1)/2$
, when ordered by naive height. A key ingredient in the proof is giving asymptotics for the number of elliptic curves over an arbitrary number field with a prescribed local condition; these results are obtained by proving general results for counting points of bounded height on weighted projective stacks with a prescribed local condition, which may be of independent interest.
Re-Imagining Housing Provision from Markets to Welfare
Authors: Domurath Irina , Gil Diego
Published: February 2025

Cities around the world are facing a global housing crisis characterized by rising unaffordability, slums, gentrification, inequality, and urban segregation. The Global Financial Crisis highlighted the detrimental impact of highly financialized housing markets. This Article argues that transitioning from a market-based to a welfare-oriented approach is both necessary and feasible to ensure the right to adequate housing for everyone. This shift requires a fundamental re-imagining of housing issues, recognizing that the root causes lie in a political economy where law plays a pivotal role, crossing traditional boundaries between private and public law. We illustrate the legal foundations of adopting a welfare-based approach to the political economy of housing law, contrasting it with a market-based approach in three key areas: Land use regulation, housing finance, and rental markets.
SOME RESULTS ON THE TOPOLOGY OF ALGEBRAIC SURFACES
Authors: GURJAR RAJENDRA V. , GURJAR SUDARSHAN R. , THANDAR SOUMYADIP
Published: February 2025

In this article, we discuss the topology of varieties over

$\mathbb {C}$

, viz., their homology and homotopy groups. We show that the fundamental group of a quasi-projective variety has negative deficiency under a certain hypothesis on its second homology and therefore a large class of groups cannot arise as fundamental groups of varieties. For a smooth projective surface admitting a fibration over a curve, we give a detailed analysis of the homology and homotopy groups of their universal cover via a case-by-case analysis, depending on the nature of the singular fibers. For smooth, projective surfaces whose universal cover is holomorphically convex (conjecturally always true), we show that the second and third homotopy groups are free abelian, often of infinite rank.
A COMPARISON OF CATEGORICAL AND TOPOLOGICAL ENTROPIES ON WEINSTEIN MANIFOLDS
Authors: BAE HANWOOL , LEE SANGJIN
Published: February 2025

Let W be a symplectic manifold, and let

$\phi :W \to W$

be a symplectic automorphism. This automorphism induces an auto-equivalence

$\Phi $

defined on the Fukaya category of W. In this paper, we prove that the categorical entropy of

$\Phi $

provides a lower bound for the topological entropy of

$\phi $

, where W is a Weinstein manifold and

$\phi $

is compactly supported. Furthermore, motivated by [cCGG24], we propose a conjecture that generalizes the result of [New88, Prz80, Yom87].
AUSLANDER–IYAMA CORRESPONDENCE FOR EXACT DG CATEGORIES
Authors: CHEN XIAOFA
Published: February 2025

We extend the Auslander–Iyama correspondence to the setting of exact dg categories. By specializing it to exact dg categories concentrated in degree zero, we obtain a generalization of the higher Auslander correspondence for exact categories due to Ebrahimi–Nasr-Isfahani (in the case of exact categories with split retractions).
MORE ON RESTRICTED BOUNDARIES
Authors: MOUTON SONJA , HARTE ROBIN
Published: February 2025

In our paper [‘Linking the boundary and exponential spectra via the restricted topology’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.454 (2017), 730–745], we defined and used the restricted topology to establish certain connections among the boundary spectrum, the exponential spectrum, the topological boundary of the spectrum and the connected hull of the spectrum, and in [‘The restricted connected hull: filling the hole’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.109 (2024), 388–392], we presented further properties of the restricted connected hull. We now continue our investigation of the restricted boundary. In particular, we prove a number of mapping and regularity-type properties of the restricted boundary. In addition, we use this concept to provide a new characterisation of the Jacobson radical of a Banach algebra and a variation of Harte’s theorem. Finally, we establish spectral continuity results, in particular, in ordered Banach algebras.
Haemosporidian infection risk and community structure determined by duck feeding guild
Authors: Bell Jeffrey A. , Bell Laura E. , Achatz Tyler J. , Bates Kimberly , White Riley D. , Tkach Vasyl V.
Published: February 2025

Birds possess the most diverse assemblage of haemosporidian parasites, although the true diversity is unknown due to high genetic diversity and insufficient sampling across all avian clades. Waterfowl (Order Anseriformes) are an ideal group to discover hidden parasite diversity and examine the role of host ecology in parasite transmission. Waterfowl contain 2 distinct feeding guilds, dabbling and diving, which differ in niche utilization that likely alters vector encounter rates and haemosporidian parasite risk. To determine the role of feeding guild in haemosporidian parasitism we analysed 223 blood samples collected by hunters from the upper Midwest of the United States from 2017 to 2019. Fifty-four individuals were infected by haemosporidian parasites (24·2% prevalence). Infection prevalence differed significantly between dabbling (34·9%, n = 109) and diving (14·0%, n = 114) ducks. Feeding guild was the only host trait that could predict haemosporidian infection risk, with a significantly higher risk in dabbling ducks. Twenty-four haemosporidian lineages were identified, with 9 identified for the first time. Thirteen lineages were found only in dabbling ducks, 5 only in diving ducks and 6 in both feeding guilds. Community analysis showed that each feeding guild harboured a unique parasite community. There was no phylogenetic signal of feeding guild within a phylogenetic reconstruction of North American waterfowl haemosporidian lineages. Our results demonstrate that waterfowl contain a diverse and distinct community of haemosporidian parasites. The unique composition of each feeding guild determines not only haemosporidian infection risk but also community structure. This is the first report of such an impact for waterfowl feeding guilds.
LEAST TRIMMED SQUARES: NUISANCE PARAMETER FREE ASYMPTOTICS
Authors: Berenguer-Rico Vanessa , Nielsen Bent
Published: February 2025

The Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) regression estimator is known to be very robust to the presence of “outliers”. It is based on a clear and intuitive idea: in a sample of size n, it searches for the h-subsample of observations with the smallest sum of squared residuals. The remaining

$n-h$

observations are declared “outliers”. Fast algorithms for its computation exist. Nevertheless, the existing asymptotic theory for LTS, based on the traditional

$\epsilon $

-contamination model, shows that the asymptotic behavior of both regression and scale estimators depend on nuisance parameters. Using a recently proposed new model, in which the LTS estimator is maximum likelihood, we show that the asymptotic behavior of both the LTS regression and scale estimators are free of nuisance parameters. Thus, with the new model as a benchmark, standard inference procedures apply while allowing a broad range of contamination.
Democratic Catastrophes and European Unification in Ortega y Gasset’s Postwar Political Thought
Authors: Dinnin Alec
Published: February 2025

For a major liberal theorist of totalitarianism’s rise and early advocate for European unification, it is surprising how little Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset’s views on the Second World War have factored into studies of his political thought. In this article, I show that Ortega described the conflict as a “catastrophe” that motivated European unification. Rather than an ex post facto interpretation, this was for him the fulfillment of a prophecy. As early as 1930, Ortega had predicted an impending catastrophe that would represent both a consequence of and a corrective for interwar democracy. European unification, then, was only possible to pursue after such an event. Noting that Ortega’s casting of European unification as a response to the Second World War reflects common contemporary assumptions, I also argue that he exhibits how this logic can be enlisted in the service of constraining democracy.
Evaluation of public health and economic impacts of dietary salt reduction initiatives on social security expenditures for cardiovascular disease control in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Nayu , Yamaguchi Miwa , Kashino Ikuko , Sugiyama Takehiro , Miura Katsuyuki , Nishi Nobuo
Published: February 2025

Japan has undertaken extensive efforts to reduce dietary salt intake and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Although salt consumption has decreased over time, levels remain high, highlighting the need for continued promotion of low-salt food products through collaboration among government bodies, the food industry, academia, and other stakeholders. Effective policy development requires an environment that enables stakeholders to apply scientific evidence on the cost-effectiveness of salt reduction strategies. Our ongoing research focuses on developing simulation models to predict future public health and economic impacts, supporting the establishment of voluntary targets and evidence-based approaches. These strategies aim to lower salt intake, enhance health outcomes, and manage social security expenditures, thereby fostering sustainable development in an aging society.
Autonomous platform for solution processing of electronic polymers
Authors: Wang Chengshi , Kim Yeon-Ju , Vriza Aikaterini , Batra Rohit , Baskaran Arun , Shan Naisong , Li Nan , Darancet Pierre , Ward Logan , Liu Yuzi , Chan Maria K. Y. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K.R.S. , Fry H. Christopher , Miller C. Suzanne , Chan Henry , Xu Jie
Published: February 2025

The manipulation of electronic polymers’ solid-state properties through processing is crucial in electronics and energy research. Yet, efficiently processing electronic polymer solutions into thin films with specific properties remains a formidable challenge. We introduce Polybot, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven automated material laboratory designed to autonomously explore processing pathways for achieving high-conductivity, low-defect electronic polymers films. Leveraging importance-guided Bayesian optimization, Polybot efficiently navigates a complex 7-dimensional processing space. In particular, the automated workflow and algorithms effectively explore the search space, mitigate biases, employ statistical methods to ensure data repeatability, and concurrently optimize multiple objectives with precision. The experimental campaign yields scale-up fabrication recipes, producing transparent conductive thin films with averaged conductivity exceeding 4500 S/cm. Feature importance analysis and morphological characterizations reveal key design factors. This work signifies a significant step towards transforming the manufacturing of electronic polymers, highlighting the potential of AI-driven automation in material science.
A study of fracture mechanics for compact tensile specimen of Al6061-SiC metal matrix composite
Authors: Soliman Ehab Samir Mohamed Mohamed
Published: February 2025

The main contribution of the present work is the display of the impact of the addition of SiC into the aluminum alloy Al6061. For this reason, the Mode I stress intensity factor KI and T-stress for compact tension CT specimen are evaluated using 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The material used here in the compact tension CT specimen is Al6061-SiC metal matrix composites reinforced with various volume fractions of 4%, 6%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of SiC particles. Three different crack lengths (a/H) ratios of 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5 are considered through the analysis. Only half of the model of the cracked compact tension CT specimen with a subjected load of a magnitude P = 603 N is analyzed, and KI, T11-stress, and T33-stress are computed. From the FEA results, it is observed that the KI, T11-stress, and T33-stress are mainly influenced by the volume fractions of reinforced SiC particles. A more significant decrease in the values of KI, T11-stress, and T33-stress is found in the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen. Where FEA results of KI for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen exhibited reduction percentages of 5.4%, 5.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, as compared to those of Al6061. FEA values of T11-stress for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen reduced by 5.5%, 5.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, respectively, over those of Al6061. Also, the decrement percentages of FEA results of T33-stress for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen over those of Al6061 were found to be 17.1%, 16.6%, and 16.5%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, respectively. Overall, fracture mechanics properties are improved by the addition of SiC particulates into the Al6061 alloy.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on trajectories of patients with severe alcohol use disorder treated with disulfiram
Authors: Pilhatsch Maximilian , Schallenberg Max , Vogel-Blaschka Diana , Treu Ariana-Berenike , Petzold Johannes , Zander Lena , Spreer Maik
Published: February 2025

The manifestations and progression of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are influenced by a number of contextual factors, with the current coronavirus pandemic being a significant example. This pandemic has profoundly impacted nearly all aspects of human life and has, therefore, strongly influenced patients suffering from AUD. In some cases, the pandemic has led to a reduction in severity, while in others, it has had the opposite effect. In our own work we have been investigating the negative impact of the pandemic on 45 patients with AUD who were undergoing outpatient treatment, including supervised use of disulfiram (Antabuse), in a close-knit program. A linear trend analysis demonstrated significant alterations in the retention rate over a 3-year period, encompassing the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. During the pandemic the number of treatment cancellations virtually increased. Following the pandemic, a tendency towards the normalization of patient numbers was observed. Our data indicate a high level of vulnerability among patients with severe AUD and highlight a need for the development of alternative, possibly telemedical, treatment methods.
Surfactant-like peptide gels are based on cross- amyloid fibrils
Authors: Das Abhinaba , Gnewou Ordy , Zuo Xiaobing , Wang Fengbin , Conticello Vincent P.
Published: February 2025

Surfactant-like peptides, in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues are encoded within different domains in the peptide sequence, undergo facile self-assembly in aqueous solution to form supramolecular hydrogels. These peptides have...
Fabrication and in vitro cytocompatibility evaluation of porous bone scaffold based on cuttlefish bone-derived nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite reinforced with polyethylene oxide/chitosan fibrous structure
Authors: Habiburrohman Musyafa Riziq , Jamilludin Muhammad Amir , Cahyati Nilam , Herdianto Nendar , Yusuf Yusril
Published: February 2025

In this work, we developed a novel porous bone scaffold based on cuttlefish bone-derived nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite reinforced with polyethylene oxide/chitosan fibrous network (nCHA/PEO/CS), which demonstrated enhanced cytocompatibility.
Exploring the efficient antimicrobial applications of a novel supramolecular Hg(ii)-metallogel derived from succinic acid acting as a low molecular weight gelator
Authors: Dhibar Subhendu , Pal Suchetana , Some Sangita , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Saha Ratnakar , Bhattacharjee Subham , Kumari Dimpal , Mohan Aiswarya , Ajiboye Timothy O. , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Roy Sanjay , Dam Somasri , Saha Bidyut
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular Hg(ii)-metallogels, formed using a low molecular weight gelator, succinic acid, demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Simultaneous adsorption of sulfamethoxazole and neodymium from wastewater by a MXene-, α-aminophosphonate-, and sulfated fucan-based ternary composite based on anion-synergistic interactions
Authors: Ijaz Irfan , Bukhari Aysha , Nazir Ammara , Gilani Ezaz , Zain Hina , Shaheen Attia , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Khan Mujeeb , P. Shaik Jilani
Published: February 2025

For the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and neodymium (Nd3+) in mono- and binary contaminant systems (SMX–Nd3+ and Nd3+–SMX), a novel composite was designed using sulfated fucan (FuS), MXenes, and α-aminophosphonates (AMPs) in this study.
A supramolecular FRET signal amplification nanoprobe for high contrast and synchronous in situ imaging of cell surface receptor homodimers/heterodimers
Authors: Wang Ya , Yao Feng , Song Lulu , Zhang Mengpan , Gong Zitong , Zhao Yunli , Xiong Yamin , He Leiliang
Published: February 2025

The supramolecular nanoprobe could not only be activated by tumor cells and tissues to achieve high-contrast imaging of EGFR/EGFR and EGFR/HER2 dimers, but also successfully distinguish tumor cells and tissues from normal cells and tissues.
Multifunctional and highly stretchable gold-leaf/WPU/TPU fibers by a rolling adhesive method
Authors: Pan Shunlei , Zhou Jingyu , Xiang Linling , Wen Ziqi , Zhang Dawei , Sheng Bin
Published: February 2025

GLWT fibers, created by a rolling adhesive method, enable strain sensing, smart fabrics, and stretchable electrodes. Arrayed for pressure sensing, they recognize object shapes, ideal for wearables and sensors.
Thermally adaptive iohexol-loaded microcages for local computerized tomography
Authors: Qiao Jie , Dong Jiao , Wang Jianhao , Liu Shuxuan , Wang Yao , Li Xian , Li Hao , Zhou Guofu
Published: February 2025

Temperature-responsive iohexol-loaded microcages demonstrated controlled expansion in a tumor microenvironment (T > UCST), enabling enhanced local CT imaging.
Comparative Impedance Characteristic Analysis of Grid‐Following and Grid‐Forming Inverters
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Unruh Peter , Fischer Boris , Braun Martin
Published: February 2025

This paper comprehensively analyses the impedance characteristics of grid‐following (GFL) and grid‐forming (GFM) inverters at around synchronous frequency areas considering various operating and grid connection conditions and control settings. Both analytical and from simulation extracted impedances are obtained for ensuring model plausibility. Equivalent single‐input single‐output (SISO) inverter impedances are derived for intuitive analysis. The work summarises already published results and reveals new aspects: 1) an inverter‐dominated grid tends to exhibit sequence impedance coupling, which influences the inverter SISO impedances; 2) the impedances of GFL inverters are more symmetrical about the synchronous frequency compared to the GFM inverters; 3) inverter low‐frequency SISO impedances are highly impacted by the inner‐loop control; 4) the adopted GFM control exhibits much better passivity and much less interaction stability risk than the GFL control; 5) the equivalent SISO impedances of GFM inverter are much more influenced by the connected grid conditions (e.g. grid strength and X/R ratio) compared to the GFL inverter; 6) the SISO impedances of GFL inverter are much more sensitive to grid voltage and frequency deviations and operating modes/points compared to the GFM inverter; 7) apart from passivity, the inductive/capacitive feature of GFL/GFM inverters shows high impact on interaction risks.
A Review of the Research and Development of Adversarial Generative Networks in Interior Graphic Design
Authors: Yang Haonan
Published: February 2025

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the research and development of adversarial generative networks in interior graphic design. With the continuous development of adversarial generative networks, the level of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) has reached a very outstanding level, and it has also developed in interior graphic design. This article will be divided into four categories: early research, optimization methods for refining workflows, optimization methods for introducing graph networks, and other optimization methods. The framework, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods will be introduced. Early research mainly focused on two relatively simple frameworks based on CGAN. The optimization methods for refining workflow are based on the degree of refinement, with a focus on introducing two representative articles and also mentioning some outstanding research results. The graph network section focuses on two studies, House GAN and House GAN++, while also mentioning FlooPlan GAN. The other optimization methods section introduces the introduction perspective of ActFloor GAN technology and energy-saving strategies. The final section summarizes the work of this article and provides prospects for future development.
Manuelle Therapie und Sensomotorisches System – Teil
1
Authors: Laube Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

In der frühen Lebenszeit sind reversible Funktionsstörungen bereits verbreitet.
Die gestörte Biomechanik ist untrennbar mit einem veränderten afferenten Muster
der sensorischen Informationen verbunden, die zu sensomotorischen Fehlfunktionen
führen. Diese Kombination führt zu konditionellen Nachteilen und degenerativen
Entwicklungen bis hin zur Schmerzerkrankung. Die Qualität der Sensorik und
direkt daraus folgend die Qualität der Bewegungsregulation haben einen
wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung degenerativer Veränderungen. So ist
die Sensorik der Kopf-HWS-Region ein essenzielles Element der Positionierung des
Kopfes im Raum und zum übrigen Körper, der optischen Funktion und der posturalen
Regulationen. Dysfunktionelle Afferenzmuster der zervikalen Mechanosensoren
haben somit besonders komplexe Auswirkungen auf die Sensomotorik und somit das
muskuloskelettale System.

Die Manuelle Therapie sorgt für Schmerzlinderung sowie die Normalisierung der
Biomechanik und ist damit die funktionelle Voraussetzung für „eine
physiologische“ Sensomotorik, die nach der Intervention durch Training
qualifiziert und dauerhaft erhalten werden muss. Die Manuelle Therapie ist somit
vorrangig unmittelbare Schmerztherapie und das Training nachhaltige Schmerz-,
Psycho- und die Struktur reorganisierende Therapie.

Dieser erste Teil gibt einen Überblick zu dem Zusammenhang zwischen Funktions-
und sensomotorischen Störungen. Der zweite Teil, der in der zweiten Ausgabe der
MSK im Jahr 2025 erscheinen wird, behandelt die komplexe Situation der
Kopf-HWS-Region.
Approaches and methods for the study of the L2 production of French segmentals and prosody
Authors: Steele Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

This chapter reviews common approaches and methods in studies of the effects of crosslinguistic
influence, input, and training/instruction as well as development and individual variability in second language
learners’ production of French segmentals and prosody. Discussion focuses first on methodology including speech types,
participant characteristics, and frequently used tasks and stimuli. Next, we turn to recurrent practices in the
collection, preparation, and analysis of auditory and articulatory data as well as ethical considerations. The major
contributions of L2 French pronunciation research are then outlined including the breadth of structures studied, the
uniqueness of certain phenomena investigated, innovations in research methodology including corpus-based research, and
the unique insights provided into the role of orthography. We conclude with recommendations for future avenues of
research such as the parallel study of pronunciation and other linguistic competences, the greater use of corpora, and
the integration of research findings within evidence-based pedagogy.
Researching fluency in L2 French
Authors: Wright Clare
Published: February 2025

This chapter evaluates current questions in researching L2 French fluency and understanding the
implications for SLA more broadly. Traditionally, research investigated fluency in narrow temporal terms of smooth
production without undue pauses or repetitions, often comparing L2 speakers to English prestige norms in
decontextualised monologic tasks. However, recent studies focus on broader discourse-level models of fluency,
recognising sociopragmatic demands of authentic dialogic interaction in plurilingual contexts, whether face to face or
online. L2 French research provides an excellent basis for adopting this more diverse, authentic view of L2 fluency,
using a broad range of empirical and corpus-based methods, including data gathered in seminal residence abroad
projects. We explore how to conduct future studies in an ethical, inclusive and transparent way, which will both
redress the imbalance of the current focus on L2 English, and provide reliable data to enrich our understanding of the
new global digitally adept L2 French speaker.
Approaches and methods in research on sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence in second language French
Authors: Howard Martin , Edmonds Amanda
Published: February 2025

This chapter offers a review and critique of methods and approaches characterising the
investigation of the acquisition of the interrelated areas of sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence in
second-language French. Following on an introduction to key distinguishing constructs and concepts, the chapter
respectively characterises the research investigation across the two fields in relation to learner-participants, study
design, data instruments and analysis, and the dominant linguistic features investigated. It goes on to consider the
methodological contribution of the body of research available in second-language French to subsequently identify a
roadmap of methodological directions that future research may fruitfully follow.
Researching L2 French input and instructed learning
Authors: Thomas Anita
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the main approaches and methodologies for studying the relationship between
input and the development of L2 French in general and in instructional settings. The chapter first introduces research
methods that target the description of French as linguistic input to L2 learners of French and, second, research
methods in instructional settings. These two research fields are illustrated with examples mainly from recent
publications and address the study of French as input to L2 (classroom) learners, corpora as a research tool and
(experimental) classroom interventions designed for the study of specific teaching activities on L2 learning. The
chapter concludes with a number of ethical considerations specific to these two methodological approaches, followed by
a conclusion and suggestions for future research.
Methodology in research on individual differences and French as a second language
Authors: Arvidsson Klara , Forsberg Lundell Fanny
Published: February 2025

This chapter concerns methods used in research on individual differences and second language (L2)
French learning. The importance of individual differences for L2 learning is increasingly recognized in the SLA
literature (e.g., Dewaele, 2009, 2011; Moyer, 2014; Douglas
Fir Group, 2016), and a relatively large number of studies focus on L2 French. In this chapter, we first
make an account of the existing research, starting with the research contexts that are represented and the methods
that have been used. Then, we provide an overview of the linguistic variables and the individual differences that have
been investigated. We then describe existing study designs and data collection instruments, as well as some ethical
considerations related to participant recruitment, data elicitation, data storage, and data sharing. Finally, we
discuss the existing research methods from a critical point of view, highlighting their contribution to and
limitations within research on individual factors and second language acquisition in general. This leads us to
identify areas that remain to be investigated and to suggest ways to advance the study of individual differences and
L2 French learning from a methodological point of view.
What can phonetics tell us about Arabic phonology?
Authors: Broselow Ellen
Published: February 2025

The enrichment of phonological representations over the past decades has given rise to competing
analyses of phonological structures. The goal of this paper is to examine the potential usefulness of one potential
criterion for choosing among competing analyses: the fit between the phonological representations posited in an
analysis and the phonetic details of the corresponding surface forms. We survey evidence in three areas: the syllable
affiliation of complex and highly marked sequences of consonants at the beginnings of words in North African varieties
of Arabic; the internal representation of word-internal syllables in a number of dialects, particularly syllables
containing a long vowel followed by either a singleton consonant or the first half of a geminate; and the apparent
weightlessness of word-final consonants, both singleton and geminate.
The realization patterns of the glottal stop in Sudanese Arabic
Authors: Ali Abdel-khalig
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the realization patterns of the glottal stop attested in Urban Central
Sudanese Arabic (UCSA). To this end, the paper examines the realizations of forms whose roots consist of glottal stop
radicals. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are shown to exhibit realization patterns that are explained in
terms of a phonotactic constraint against syllabifying the glottal stop in a coda position. This constraint is
violated to satisfy a verbal templatic requirement. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are also shown to
exhibit three more unpredictable patterns in which the glottal stop is not realized even in contexts where it would be
syllabified in an onset position. All root-final glottal stops are shown to have been reanalyzed as a palatal glide
j in UCSA. The unpredictable patterns of root-initial and medial glottal stops are argued to
indicate that this segment may be undergoing a similar reanalysis process.
Doubling unconditionals in Arabic
Authors: Šimík Radek , Pospíšil Adam , Aljani Ouras
Published: February 2025

We discuss wh-based unconditionals in Arabic (‘wherever she went, she was followed by
photographers’), with special attention paid to the so-called doubling unconditionals in whose antecedents the
predicate/clause is reduplicated (lit. ‘wher(ever) she went she went, she was followed by photographers’). We propose
that the doubling unconditionals can be treated on a par with canonical unconditionals once one recognizes that the
wh-introduced structure within the antecedent (‘wher(ever) she went’) is a focused free relative. We discuss the
benefits, problems, and various open issues of this analysis. The paper constitutes the first in-depth discussion of
the syntax and semantics of wh-based unconditionals in Arabic, drawing evidence primarily from Syrian Arabic.
Synthesis of two-dimensional Diamond by the Phase Transition from Graphene at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Li Songyang , Zhu Zhiguang , Zhang Youzhi , Chen Chengke , Hu Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

It is a key challenge to prepare two-dimensional diamond (2D-diamond). Herein, we develop a method for synthesizing 2D-diamond by depositing monodisperse tantalum (Ta) atoms onto graphene substrates using a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition setup, followed by annealing treatment under different temperatures at ambient pressure. The results indicate that when the annealing temperature increases from 700 ℃ to 1000 ℃, the size of the 2D-diamond found in the samples gradually increases from close to 20 nm to around 30 nm. Meanwhile, the size and number of amorphous carbon spheres and Ta-containing compounds between the graphene layers gradually increase. As the annealing temperature continues to rise to 1100 ℃, a significant aggregation of Ta-containing compounds is observed in the samples, with no diamond structure detected. This further confirms that monodisperse Ta atoms play a key role in graphene phase transition into 2D-diamond. This study provides a novel method for the ambient-pressure phase transition of graphene into 2D-diamond.
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Prepared on Different Substrates by Sol–Gel Process: Optical and Morphological Properties
Authors: Ivanova T. , Harizanova A. , Petkov N. , Dulev V. , Benkovski A. , Ganchev M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, sol-gel TiO2 thin films were obtained by spin coating on Si, glass and ITO substrates. They were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Ultraviolet – Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The impact of the film thickness (different number of layers), annealing temperatures (300, 400 and 500°C) and the type of substrates on the morphology, optical transmittance and vibrational properties were investigated. The work function (WF) of the samples was also determined. TiO2 films on glass substrates revealed a decrease of the film transparency with increasing the film thickness and after annealing at 400 and 500°C. TiO2 films obtained on ITO substrates exhibited very high transmittance in the visible spectral range up to 85%, despite the number of layers and the thermal treatments. FESEM study showed very uniform, smooth surface with small grained structure.
Petrol vapours sensor with polyvinyl trimethylsilane sensitive coating
Authors: Georgieva Borislava , Grechnikov Alexander A. , Lazarov Yuliyan , Georgieva Velichka
Published: February 2025

A quartz crystal microbalance sensor for determining petrol vapours in ambient air has been developed. Polyvinyl trimethylsilane (PVTMS) was used as a sensitive coating. The influence of the polymer coating mass on the performance characteristics of the sensor was studied. The optimal mass of the PVTMS film was found, at which the signal-to-noise ratio was maximum. On the basis of the frequency-time characteristics measured, the kinetics of adsorption and desorption processes were studied and the responses of the sensor and recovery times were found. The sorption of petrol hydrocarbons on PVTMS was fully reversible. The dependences of the response of the sensor on the concentration of petrol vapours showed good linearity in the range of 50 – 1250 ppm. The limit of detection was estimated to be 25 ppm. It was found that the sensor exhibits a high selectivity in the presence of water vapour in the relative humidity range of 0 – 50%.