bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From ‘Science and Religion’ to ‘Transcendence in Science’, or: What We Can Learn from the (History of) Science and Technology Studies
Authors: Gülker Silke
Published: January 2020

This chapter begins by identifying an imbalance in the sociology of science and technology. Across sociology, hardly anyone would object to the idea that science is a social process. Science and technology studies and the sociology of science have deconstructed scientific work and revealed how it is socially embedded in many ways. From this perspective, scientific knowledge is co-produced by scientific and non-scientific actors in a process influenced by class, gender, and culture. Few authors, however, have investigated the role that religion might play in this process of knowledge production. This is striking because this relationship was one of the most important topics in the early stages of sociology of science, which is one of the forerunner fields of science and technology studies. This chapter discusses the work of two pioneering authors in sociology of science, Robert K. Merton and Ludwik Fleck. While Merton’s work can still be inspiring for contemporary investigations of the relationship between science and religion on a meso- and macro-level, Fleck’s concept of ‘thought collectives’ and ‘thought styles’ asks for comparative empirical studies on a micro-level. Against this background, the chapter presents an idea of how to implement such micro-level empirical work beyond the science versus religion dichotomy: specifically, by analyzing transcendence constructions, demonstrated here in the field of stem cell research.
Rational Believers: Religion, Tradition and Spirituality among Indian Scientists
Authors: Thomas Renny
Published: January 2020

Thischapter attempts to discuss, through detailed ethnographic description, the manner in which scientists in a leading Indian scientific research institute defined and practiced religion and atheism(s). Instead of posing science and religion as dichotomous categories, the chapter demonstrates their easy coexistence within the everyday lives and practices of Indian scientists. The hyper-rationalism associated with modernity and Western science did not over determine their everyday life and practices. The ‘religious’ scientists did not perceive their religiosity in opposition to science, nor did they accept the conflictual view of science and religion. For them, science and religion are two different ‘modes of existence’, and they perceived the science-religion conflict as an artificial one. Likewise, the ‘atheistic’ scientists did not find any contradiction in following a ‘religious’ lifestyle and simultaneously identifying themselves as atheists or non-believers. The chapter argues that the acceptance of a Western canonical understanding of atheism or belief imposes a closure on the multiple cultural meanings assumed by these categories. Any attempt to universalize or homogenize the experiences of belief and unbelief against the scale of Western modernity runs the risk of neglecting the enmeshing of these categories within the complex life worlds of Indian scientists. The chapter questions the tacit acceptance of the distinctions between science and religion and seeks to evolve new vocabularies to talk about these categories.
Muslim Perceptions of Biological Evolution: A Critical Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Authors: Carlisle Jessica , Hameed Salman , Elsdon-Baker Fern
Published: January 2020

The topic of Muslims’ attitudes towards the theory of biological evolution has received increasing attention at the margins of the fields of public understanding of society, science communication or education and science in society. The methodology and methods employed in this work are primarily informed by research on attitudes towards evolution in the ‘West’, particularly in the US where the issue is highly politicized. Small, interview based qualitative and larger, survey based quantitative studies have explored degrees of acceptance or rejection of non-human and human evolution in a number of Muslim majority and Muslim minority contexts. The underlying rationale for these studies is often underpinned by a ‘deficit model’ in which Islam, or being Muslim, is usually posited as a particular obstacle to public understanding and acceptance of theory of evolution. This chapter summarizes these studies, analyzes the particularities of how deficit model approaches might be implicitly informing their findings, and reflects on the lack of reflexivity in much public understanding of science research on Muslim contexts.
Feeling Rational: Affinity and Affinity Narratives in British Science–Non-religion Relations
Authors: Lee Lois
Published: January 2020

Despite widespread, wide-ranging and often straightforward, easily graspable criticisms of its core premises, the idea that religion and science are opposed to one another has proved remarkably resilient. Given how easy the notion is to rebut, it is not therefore the theoretical question (How are religion and science opposed to one another, if at all?) but the empirical one (What is the basis of this problematic binary and its hold over popular and scholarly imaginations?) that is arguably the most compelling.The goal of this chapter is to consider this question from the perspective of non-religion and secularity studies (Bullivant and Lee 2012), focusing in particular on the relationship between science and non-religiosity. It builds on ideas arising from critical secular studies and critical religion studies, both of which challenge the idea that science mainly impacts on religion epistemically, and instead draw attention to the ideological and mythological roles that science plays in the subjectivities, identities and cultures of non-religious people.The chapter uses the UK as a case study for understanding the role of science within non-religious cultural formations found more widely, especially across Europe and other Western regions.The aim of this chapter is to contribute to – and further encourage – the more localised and detailed empirical explorations of perceived non-religion/science affinity that are just beginning to emerge.
Atheism and the Social Sciences
Authors: LeDrew Stephen
Published: January 2020

In the past two decades, the anti-religious movement known as New Atheism has been working to define a scientific basis for opposing religion and its influence in public affairs. New Atheist thought on religion is rooted in scientism and a narrative of progress and Enlightenment that refers to ideas derived from evolutionary biology for its authority. A notable feature of this approach is the New Atheism’s critique of the social sciences, which it dismisses as relativistic and seeks to replace with evolutionary psychology and neuroscience. This chapter examines the New Atheism’s position in terms of an historical division within atheist thought between approaches to religion that are grounded in the natural sciences and the social sciences, and argues that contemporary atheism should be understood primarily as a political project to advance the authority of an ideological vision of ‘true’ science and its representative experts. While typically understood as a response to religious fundamentalism, the New Atheism is as much a reaction to a perceived weakening of universalistic standards of knowledge and morality in an increasingly pluralistic western cultural milieu. Through a reading of influential New Atheist texts in relation to the historical development of modern atheism, the chapter examines the relative decline in importance of the social sciences in popular atheist discourse. This decline is a result of the evolving politics of contemporary atheism, which, in some major forms, has drifted away from its roots in progressive social justice movements and ideologies toward a more libertarian position.
Discourses on Science and Islam: A View from Britain
Authors: Unsworth Amy
Published: January 2020

In this chapter examining discourses on science and Islam, I first briefly highlight a dominant contemporary discourse among non-Muslims, which tends to cast Islam as a particularly backward and unintellectual religion requiring scientific enlightenment. I point out historical precedents for this viewpoint, before turning to examine a specific discourse on science and Islam among Muslims, in which the Qur’an is deemed to be scientifically miraculous, a view that has its roots in the Salafi reformist movement. Drawing on data from focus groups conducted with British Muslims of South Asian heritage actively engaged with institutions influenced by Salafi reformism, I argue that these popular scientific interpretations of the Qur’an may hold particular appeal for Muslims in Britain who are, as members of a religious minority viewed with suspicion, frequently required to “explain themselves” and defend their religious beliefs and practices. I also discuss survey data examining views of science among Muslims, making suggestions for how such work could be refined and extended in the future.
Conclusion: Future Directions in the Sociological Study of Science and Belief
Authors: Jones Stephen H. , Catto Rebecca , Kaden Tom
Published: January 2020

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Blood flow rate estimation in optic disc capillaries and vessels using Doppler optical coherence tomography with 3D fast phase unwrapping
Authors: Pijewska Ewelina , Sylwestrzak Marcin , Gorczynska Iwona , Tamborski Szymon , Pawlak Mikolaj A. , Szkulmowski Maciej
Published: January 2020

The retinal volumetric flow rate contains useful information not only for ophthalmo-logy but also for the diagnosis of common civilization diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, or cerebrovascular diseases. Non-invasive optical methods for quantitative flow assessment, such as Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT), have certain limitations. One is the phase wrapping that makes simultaneous calculations of the flow in all human retinal vessels impossible due to a very large span of flow velocities. We demonstrate that three-dimensional Doppler OCT combined with three-dimensional four Fourier transform fast phase unwrapping (3D 4FT FPU) allows for the calculation of the volumetric blood flow rate in real-time by the implementation of the algorithms in a graphics processing unit (GPU). The additive character of the flow at the furcations is proven using a microfluidic device with controlled flow rates as well as in the retinal veins bifurcations imaged in the optic disc area of five healthy volunteers. We show values of blood flow rates calculated for retinal capillaries and vessels with diameters in the range of 12–150 µm. The potential of quantitative measurement of retinal blood flow volume includes noninvasive detection of carotid artery stenosis or occlusion, measuring vascular reactivity and evaluation of vessel wall stiffness.
Normal-mode splitting and ponderomotive squeezing in a nonlinear optomechanical system assisted by an atomic ensemble
Authors: He Qing , Badshah Fazal , Basit Abdul , Guo Peng , Zhang Xuehua , Zhou Zhong , Li Liping
Published: January 2020

We theoretically investigate the displacement spectrum of a movable mirror and squeezing spectrum of the cavity quadrature field in a hybrid optomechanical system (OMS), which contains a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and

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two-level cold atoms. In comparison with the bare OMS, when there is only an OPA in the optical cavity, with the increasing nonlinear gain of the OPA, peak separation of the normal-mode splitting (NMS) in the displacement spectrum and degree of the squeezing spectrum for the cavity quadrature field increase. Further, the simultaneous presence of both OPA and the atomic ensemble in the optical cavity ensures wider spacing in the NMS and greater degree of the squeezing spectrum than the OMS with just an OPA or an atomic ensemble. Further, a decrease in temperature ends the peak in the squeezing spectrum due to a reduction in mechanical thermal noise.
Automatic fringe pattern enhancement using truly adaptive period-guided bidimensional empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Gocłowski Paweł , Trusiak Maciej , Ahmad Azeem , Styk Adam , Mico Vicente , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. , Patorski Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

Fringe patterns encode the information about the result of a measurement performed via widely used optical full-field testing methods, e.g., interferometry, digital holographic microscopy, moiré techniques, structured illumination etc. Affected by the optical setup, changing environment and the sample itself fringe patterns are often corrupted with substantial noise, strong and uneven background illumination and exhibit low contrast. Fringe pattern enhancement, i.e., noise minimization and background term removal, at the pre-processing stage prior to the phase map calculation (for the measurement result decoding) is therefore essential to minimize the jeopardizing effect the mentioned error sources have on the optical measurement outcome. In this contribution we propose an automatic, robust and highly effective fringe pattern enhancement method based on the novel period-guided bidimensional empirical mode decomposition algorithm (PG-BEMD). The spatial distribution of the fringe period is estimated using the novel windowed approach and then serves as an indicator for the truly adaptive decomposition with the filter size locally adjusted to the fringe pattern density. In this way the fringe term is successfully extracted in a single (first) decomposition component alleviating the cumbersome mode mixing phenomenon and greatly simplifying the automatic signal reconstruction. Hence, the fringe term is dissected without the need for modes selection nor summation. The noise removal robustness is ensured employing the block matching 3D filtering of the fringe pattern prior to its decomposition. Performance validation against previously reported modified empirical mode decomposition techniques is provided using numerical simulations and experimental data verifying the versatility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Far-field Talbot waveforms generated by acousto-optic frequency shifting loops
Authors: Clement Juan , Guillet de Chatellus Hugues , Fernández-Pousa Carlos R.
Published: January 2020

We report on the description of the optical fields generated by acousto-optic Frequency-Shifting Loops (FSL) in the temporal Fraunhofer domain when the loop is operated in the vicinity of integer or fractional Talbot conditions. Using self-heterodyne detection, we experimentally demonstrate the equivalence of the Talbot phases generated at fractional conditions with the Gauss perfect phase sequences, and identify deviations from the standard frequency-to-time mapping description of the far field. In particular, we show the existence of ripples in the pulse intensity, of unavoidable pulse-to-pulse interference in the pulse train, of small oscillations, of the order of hundreds of MHz, in the expected linear pulse chirp, and the capture of the phase at the pulse’s trailing edge by the adjacent pulse. Using asymptotic analysis, we construct a field model that accounts for these features, which are due to corrections to the frequency-to-time mapped field created by the sharp spectral edge of the FSL spectrum, in analogy to diffraction. Practical design consequences for signal generation and processing systems based on FSL are discussed.
UV light-emitting diodes grown on GaN templates with selective-area Si implantation
Authors: Lee Ming-Lun , Liao Po-Hsun , Cheng Hsin-Yan , Yen Wei-Yu , Sheu Jinn-Kong
Published: January 2020

This study demonstrates that selective-area Si implantation performed on the GaN templates instead of conventional dielectric layers, such as SiO2 or SiNx, serves as the mask layer for the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) process. Although the substantial mask layer is absent on the templates, selective growth initially occurs on the implantation-free area and then evolves a lateral overgrowth on the Si-implanted area during the regrowth process. This selective growth is attributed to that the crystal structure of the Si-implanted area subjected to the high doses of ion bombardment produces an amorphous surface layer, thereby leading to a lattice mismatch to the regrown GaN layer. Microstructural analyses reveal that the density of the threading dislocations above the Si-implanted regions is markedly lower than the GaN layer in the implantation-free regions. Consequentially, UV LEDs fabricated on the Si-implanted GaN templates exhibit relatively higher light output and lower leakage current compared with those of LEDs grown on ELOG-free GaN templates.
Las limitadas potestades del registro de asociaciones de Euskadi en la solicitud de inscripción de actos: el mandato real del capítulo XI de la ley de asociaciones de Euskadi
Authors: Babaze Aizpurua Jokin
Published: January 2020

La actual Ley de Asociaciones establece la obligación de proceder a la inscripción registral de algunos actos, cuya inscripción registral es a su vez necesaria para la efectiva operatividad de la asociación. Aunque tanto la Constitución como las Leyes de Asociaciones establezcan que el Registro se realiza a los meros efectos de la publicidad y que la solicitud tan solo podrá ser rechazada cuando existan defectos de forma, el Registro de Asociaciones del País Vasco acostumbra a utilizar dicha norma para requerir modificaciones de fondo de los acuerdos cuya inscripción se solicita. Entendemos que dichos requerimientos son contrarios a la configuración constitucional y legal del derecho de asociación, y que si el objetivo del Registro de Asociaciones es tratar de evitar que se publiciten actos que pudieran ser contrarios a derecho el mecanismo para hacer efectivo este objetivo debería ser otro, que no evite la efectiva inscripción solicitada.
Megölni az evangéliumot?
Authors: Petneházi Gábor
Published: January 2020

As paroemium or adagium, the “Evangelia immolare” was invented by Caelius Rhodiginus (Lodovico Ricchieri), who inserted it in his Antiquarum lectionum libri XVI upon Plutarch’s Phocionis vita. Rhodiginus’ monumental collection was in fact faded among Erasmus’ more monumental Adagia, published 8 years earlier as the first edition of Rhodiginus’ Antiquarum lectionum. The peculiar adagium however (translating transitively the verb immolare it’s sense is more than odd) was inserted to the Adagia-collection of Erasmus’ last famulus and pupil, Gilbertus Cognatus, and to that of the Hungarian paroemiographer and historian János Baranyai Decsi. Furthermore, it was reused at the very end of a very specific diplomatic letter of the Polish grand chancellor Jan Zamoyski to the Transylvanian prince Sigismund Báthory in 1593, as a final and encrypted message warning him (like an other Phocion) not to involve into the war against the Turk. Following the way of this particular paroemium (supposedly made up by misreading or misinterpretation) we can detect the linguistic nature of humanism and to measure our boundaries for a genuine comprehension of early modern literary culture in its complexity.
vel non legi, vel saltuatim tantum
Authors: Nagyillés János
Published: January 2020

The Latin poems by Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter, engraver, poet, and scholar are not very well known. Their Christian author confessed in her Eukleria seu Meliores Partis Electio (Eucleria, or Choosing the Better Part) she had only read Greek and Latin authors who met the demands of serious Christian morals. Close lexical study of her Latin poems prove that she actually read some other Latin texts that were not suitable for her own high moral standards.
II. Rákóczi Ferenc itáliai (zarándok)útja
Authors: Takács László
Published: January 2020

Young Ferenc Rákóczi traveled to Italy in 1693. His trip started in Vienna and then he visited Venice and other famous cities in Northern Italy, like Bologna, Florence, Pisa, etc. During his tour he spent four months in Florence, then he left for Torino, Milano, and in August he arrived in Loreto. Between September and January that year he was living in Rome. Later he traveled to Napoli and its neighbourhood. In February he had to return to Vienna. This journey was described by Rákóczi in his work named Confessio Peccatoris, which was composed in France more than twenty years later. Living in Paris and in the monastery of Grosbois Rákóczi was influenced by the contemporary Catholic theological movement called Jansenism. In this paper I will try to elucidate, how his Italian travel experiences were recomposed and reevaluated by Rákóczi two decades later under the influence in the framework of Jansenism.
Ut clare mulieres ampliores sint numero
Authors: Molnár Annamária
Published: January 2020

Boccaccio, standing between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, uses specific methods of systematization and techniques when he decides to write (even many times if necessary) the biographies of the goddesses of Greco-Roman mythology. What influences his methods? Is it important which description of a goddess into which work of his – Genealogia deorum gentilium or De mulieribus claris or both – he intends to insert? What kind of literary sources does he rely on while writing these biographies? My paper starts a reckless „Minerva-counting” and describes the problem through the figure of one of the most important goddesses of the ancient culture.
Redefining Poverty and Its Measurement: An Islamic Political Economy Perspectives
Authors: Khaleel Fawad
Published: January 2020

Islamic economists have always taken the position on the intrinsic capability of poverty alleviation in the Islamic economic model. The poverty, in economics and social sciences, is taken in the context of economic deprivation. Among the multitudinous meanings of poverty, generally it is defined as the lack of income, human underdevelopment, social exclusion, ill being, unsustainable livelihood, lack of basic needs, vulnerability and relative deprivation, while multifarious methodologies like head count ratio, poverty gap ratio, income gap ratio and Sen index are used to measure the poverty. The poverty in the developed countries mostly is identified relative to the average level of income as compared to developing countries which usually define it on the grounds of absolute standard of living. Islamic model clearly addresses poverty in number of ways and even considers it as a threat to faith and recommends alleviating it through different tools like zakat, which is the negative rate of return on savings. The tools prescribed in Islam for counteracting poverty are designed on different conceptual grounds to conventional poverty reduction tools, similarly Islam’s conceptually constructed understanding on: lack of income, human underdevelopment, social exclusion, ill being, unsustainable livelihood, lack of basic needs, vulnerability and relative deprivation differs in its context and in its intrinsic intellectual positioning to the conventional interpretation of these concepts. Inductively therefore, Islam’s idea of, ‘what is poverty?’ and ‘How it can be measured’, is distinct and different to the general perception of poverty. This paper objectively examines the subjective meaning of poverty within Islam, through analysing the intellectual rigour on poverty in the transcendental sources of Islam along with the conceptual construction of Al Ghazali’s work on happiness. It further applies the uniform principles of maqasid al shariah (objectives of Islamic law) and nisab (standard for Zakat to be liable) in an attempt to develop the understanding of monetary measures, which can be used to identify ‘poor and needy’ within an economy. The results should provide the basic argument for the distinction on Islamic concept of poverty and a framework in which such definition can translate into the categorisation of ‘poor’ within an economy; along with some foundational understanding of Islamic value approach on monetary measurement of poverty.
Factors Influence Intention to Opt for Islamic Investment Schemes among Market Players
Authors: Abduh Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Employing theory of reasoned action with religiosity as its additional construct in the model, this paper is aimed at examining factors influence the intention of investors to opt Islamic investment schemes in Malaysia Islamic capital markets. As many as 120 questionnaires were collected from market players in Bursa Malaysia using online survey. Afterwards, the data collected were analyzed using structural equation model to reveal the relationship of variables tested in the proposed model. The result shows that religiosity and subjective norms appeared to be the significant factors affecting intention to choose Islamic investment schemes in Malaysia Islamic capital markets. Interestingly, despite its significant role shown in previous studies, this study has shown insignificant level of the attitude in predicting the intention behavior. The managerial implications are discussed in this paper. Keywords: Investors’ behavior, Islamic investment, Bursa Malaysia
MARKET POWER AND EFFICIENCY OF ISLAMIC BANKING AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mala Chajar Matari Fath , Rodoni Ahmad , Yaman Bahrul
Published: January 2020

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) of banking industry requires both Islamic and conventional banking to improve their efficiency because the competition in banking market industry will be more intense. Therefore, this study aims to identify the type of hyphotesis of industrial organization which exists in Islamic and conventional banks in order to investigate their readiness for AEC. The research sampling consists of 10 Islamic banks and 10 conventional banks from January 2009 to December 2016. To measure x-efficiency and scale efficiency, this research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Meanwhile, the concentration is measured by Lerner index. The hypothesis is tested by using panel regression. The result shows SCP (Structure-Conduct-Performance) hypothesis is closely applied to Islamic and conventional banks because market concentration significantly influences profitability. RMP (Relative Market Power) hypothesis is also closely applied to Islamic and conventional banking, this indicates Indonesian banking has market power in determining prices and this condition makes the profit higher. RES (Relative Efficiency Structure) and SES (Scale Efficiency Structure) hypothesis do not exist in both conventional and Islamic banks because x-efficiency and scale efficiency do not affect profitability, concentration, and  market share simultaneously. Market power and efficiency researches are commonly conducted in conventional banking, however there are only a few research in Islamic banking area. The novelty of this study is the comparison between conventional and Islamic banking in the term of market structure and efficiency.
Influencing Factors on the Actual Usage of Mobile Phone Banking in the Shari'ah Banks: A Survey in Palembang City, Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Chandra Zaki , Suryana Yuyus , Kartini Dwi , Febrian Erie
Published: January 2020

This research was developed from a study conducted by Talukder, Quazi and Sathye in 2014 whom were tried to discover mobile phone banking usage behavior of banks customers in Canberra, Australia. A research model was set to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Independent variables consisted of five variables, namely, Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Trust (T), Social Influence (SI) and System Quality (SQ), whilst the dependent variable is Actual Usage (AU) of Mobile banking in the Shari’ah banks. Thus, making this research a multiple regression analysis. A survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to gather primary data from 126 respondents of Shari’ah banks customers in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The findings show evidence that there are positive and significant relationship between all independent variables and the dependent variable. As such variable with the highest impact is PEU (30,3%) whilst the lowest is SI (18%) meaning that perceived ease of use amongst customers of Shari’ah banks in Palembang City gave the highest impact on their actual usage of mobile banking, compared to social influence, which is lower. Therefore, it is recommended that Shari’ah banks in this city should consider to put more attention in to providing their customers with a mobile banking application which is easy to use as well as keeping it up to date with the needs of the customers. As an implication to the providers, financial institutions can capitalize on the finding of this research to enhance the ease of use of their application on mobile banking.
MUATAN KEILMUAN INTEGRASI INTERKONEKSI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI (Telaah Kurikulum 2013 Jenjang SMA)
Authors: Hidayati Wiji
Published: January 2020

This research is a library research aimed at describing the scientific content of the integration interconnection aspect of the Islamic Education and Character Education of the 2013 Curriculum at Senior High Schools. Documentation method is conducted to collect data. Content analysis is used as data analysis technique based on Al-Jabiri’s epistemology namely, bayani, irfani, and burhani, while the integration-interconnection aspect of science is based on M.Amin Abdullah’s hypothesis with circular model incorporating Al-Jabiri’s three scientific epistemology. Hence, it is concluded that the aspect of the integration-interconnection of the Islamic Education and the Character Education of the 2013 Curriculum at Senior High School stated in the Regulation of the Ministry of Education and Culture No.69 year 2013 fulfilled the circular model of bayani, irfani and burhani is apparent in 4 chapters (13%), while there are 22 chapters (71%) which accomplished two aspect of Al-Jabiri’s scientific epistemology, and 5 chapters (16%) rooted only in bayani.
POTENSI SPIRITUALITAS GURU PAI DI GARUT SELATAN
Authors: Tamin Daris
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to get an overview of the religious spirituality potential of Islamic Studies teacher in South Garut region, West Java Province. This research used survey method with questionnaires as the instrument for collecting primary data. Respondents in this research amounted to 130 Islamic Studies teachers in South Garut region, West Java Province. Based on result of this research, found that the description of religious spirituality potential of Islamic Studies teachers SouthGarut, West Java Provinceis generallyconsidered good. As for the details, as follows: (1) the belief dimensions in the excellent category, (2) the worship dimensions in good category, (3) the intellection dimensions in good category, (4) the moral dimensions in good categories. And (5) the physical dimension in good categories.
Diskursus Politik dalam Khazanah Keilmuan Islam
Authors: Iqbal Imam
Published: January 2020

Islamic Studies are very rich in political thoughts and theories. Theoretically, this field has not been much explored, introduced, and developed by modern Muslim thinkers, although practically, Islam is closely related to politics since the early period of its birth. This paper examines and maps the theoretical discourse of politics that developed in the Islamic Studies. There are two issues that are the subject of discussion, namely: first, about the development of political theoretical discourse in Islamic Studies; and second, about the characteristics of the Islamic political discourse. From a descriptive- analytical view, it was found that discourse on politics in the Islamic Studies to the Middle Ages was discussed in two different genres, namely in the discipline of fiqh and philosophy. Each of these genres has different perspectives, approaches, ethical sources, and exponents. Although these two genres are different, they both emphasize the significance of ethics in politics or make ethics a character and basis on which politics is upheld.
Simbol Agama Dan Budaya Dalam Iklan Politik Pilkada Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes
Authors: Syafi’i Muhammad
Published: January 2020

This study seeks to reveal the use of religious symbols (Islam) and reveal the meaning of the use of these symbols in the context of society in the regional elections (2015) in Banjarmasin. Therefore, the author uses Roland Barthes's semiotic theory to reveal the ideological meaning of symbols in relation to certain people's culture or habits. This research proves that the meaning of religious symbols appears as an effort to represent the piety of the candidates. Thus, these ideological symbols also exploit knowledge and regional history and religiosity.
Social Movement in Pengajian at Jogokariyan Mosque
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Pengajian (religious teaching) is one of the primary programmes at Jogokariyan mosque. It has been held regularly and incidentally using the current issues as a theme. After the 212 demonstration 2016 in Jakarta, pengajian in Jogokariyan always uses the specific themes related to the religious social issues.  This article tries to explore how the reception of hadis or the teachings of prophetic tradition live in a social movement in the context of pengajian at Jogokariyan mosque. Employing a social movement approach, this article seeks to explore deeply how the hadis or prophetic traditions are expressed and its relevance to the social movement in pengajian. The social movement has three strategies, namely, (1) political opportunities, (2) mobilizing structures and (3) framing process. This present paper concludes that firstly, religious teaching in Jogokariyanmosque is a model of reception of hadis about seeking knowledge and majlis ilm’. The hadis is used as a basic tool to mobilize the process of social movement in pengajian. Secondly, the social movement in the Jogokariyan mosque is motivated by the injustice feeling caused by the policy of the government today.
Pembacaan Hermeneutika Hadis tentang Perintah Istri Bersujud kepada Suami: Perspektif Hans-George Gadamer
Authors: Taufiqotuzzahro' 'Azzah Nurin
Published: January 2020

Salah satu penyebab marjinalisasi dalam kehidupan, baik sosial, budaya, pendidikan, politik tidak jauh dari pemikiran yang mengarah pada perempuan yang diperkuat dengan adanya al-Qur’an dan hadis Nabi. Perempuan sering menjadi sumber perbincangan oleh pemikir Islam, terlebih menyangkut gender. Sudah banyak literatur dan kajian yang membahasnya karena dirasa masih kontroversial seiring dengan pembahasan hak-hak asasi manusia yang tidak hanya berimplikasi pada permasalahan wanita itu sendiri tetapi berimbas pula pada pembahasan agama, termasuk Islam. Namun, di sisi lain teks-teks holistik yang ada memberi pengertian lain untuk meluruskan kegagalan faham yang selama ini menjadi doktrin di dunia Islam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hadis Nabi bernuansa misogini yang berisi tentang perintah istri bersujud kepada suami. Pemahaman leterlek hadis tersebut diklaim oleh beberapa fraksi sebagai hadis misoginis, yang mana hadis-hadis ini diduga berisi konten yang merendahkan dan memojokkan kaum perempuan. Melalui konsep hermeneutika Hans-George Gadamer yang mengantongi meaningfulsense sebagai solusi tepat, penulis memperoleh pandangan bahwa hadis perintah istri bersujud kepada suami bukan merupakan hadis misoginis yang digadang merendahkan perempuan dan menempatkan laki-laki di posisi paling depan. Konsep hermeneutika Gadamer, yang meliputi teori pemahaman, penafsiran, dan penerapan, justru menjawab bahwa hadis tersebut menyiratkan pengangkatan derajat perempuan dengan memberikan pemahaman untuk memenuhi hak serta kewajiban antara suami dan istri, dan bersikap baik terhadap satu sama lain.
Living Hadis : Studi atas Tradisi Sedekah Nasi Bungkus Hari Jumat oleh Komunitas Sijum Amuntai
Authors: Rafi Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Poverty is one of the most complex and very significant social problems in influencing social-community settings. Islam through the Qur'an and Sunnah has provided a solution to overcome this poverty problem with the concept of alms. Alms itself is not limited to only assets or material, but can also be done through physical effort, one of which is good deeds to others. There are many verses of the Qur'an and matan hadith that invite Muslims to give alms, either openly or secretly. Then, the text is understood and actualized by Muslims with various kinds of understanding and forms of implementation. This is what later referred to as the hadith living. Living hadith is a sunnah of the Prophet which is freely interpreted by ulama, rulers, judges and Muslims according to the situation, place and conditions they face, or also referred to as "living sunnah". There are three models of hadith living namely writing traditions, oral traditions and traditions of practice. This paper takes the focus of the living of oral hadith that comes along with the practices carried out by Muslims. In this study we will discuss the living of hadith which refers to the tradition of religious practice, more precisely about the understanding of the Sijum community regarding almsgiving and how it is implemented in the tradition of alms rice on Friday for the Sijum Amuntai community. This research is descriptive, qualitative, inductive which means that a study is conducted to get a general description or description of the hadith living. The approach used in this study is a phenomenological approach with functional theory.
The study of the perceptions of internet and social media among adolescents and problematic use of ınternet
Authors: Atalay Mercan , Tekdemir Yurtdaş Göklem
Published: January 2020

The adolescents’ perceptions of social media in relation with problematic internet use were examined in this study. The study group consisted of 209 students (113  girls, 96 boys), who were studying secondary schools in Istanbul. "Problematic Internet Usage Scale-Adolescent" and "Open-ended Questions Form on Internet and Social Networking Sites", were utilized by the researchers, and applied to adolescents in order to determine students' level of problematic use of the internet and their perceptions regarding social media. The analysis revealed that the adolescents who stated that they “needed” to use the internet had the highest level of problematic internet use.  Significant age differences among adolescents with regard to meaning of internet pointed out how the internet played various purposes to individuals in various age groups. It has been determined that students in the 11-12 age group preferred to use the internet for "entertainment” purposes more than for other purposes. It was also found that the problematic use of the internet by these adolescents was associated with their opinions about their own academic achievements - specifically those individuals who thought of themselves as "poor" students showed a higher use of the internet in correlation with high levels of negative consequences.
Everyday life and a sense of loneliness in the opinion of elderly persons with disabilities in long-term residential care
Authors: SZCZUPAŁ BERNADETA , WIŚNIEWSKA JOLANTA IZABELA
Published: January 2020

Bernadeta Szczupał, Jolanta Izabela Wiśniewska, Everyday life and a sense of loneliness in the opinion of elderly persons with disabilities in long-term residential care. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 11-25. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.01

The growing number of elderly people, including persons with disabilities, is a major social, economic and political challenge. The article presents the resultsof a qualitative research concerning the opinions of elderly persons with disabilities in long-term residential care, about their everyday life and the sense of loneliness experienced by them.
Love experienced by persons with disabilities
Authors: LIPIŃSKA-LOKŚ JOLANTA
Published: January 2020

Jolanta Lipińska-Lokś, Love experienced by persons with disabilities. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 27-49. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.02

Humans as social beings feel natural attraction to being with other people, i.e. to establishing and maintaining relationships. Affiliations, such as friendship or love, significantly influence their development from the earliest years of life, either enriching or disturbing the quality of their functioning. Therefore, thosewho due to their health status or another life situation are marked by otherness, must be prepared to endure hardships. Consequently, persons with disabilities experience failures in their interpersonal contacts. They are often devoid of the opportunity to have a good friend or to experience true love, which may exacerbate their already difficult situation, often triggered within a family setting, where there was no acceptance and/or insufficient quality of parental love. All human beings, children in particular, need closeness and affection. Only then do they develop properly, experience happiness, see the meaning of their lives, feel loved and are able to reciprocate that love. Experiencing a disability or being a parent of a child with a disability may make love more difficult, perhaps even impossible. However, the desire for love can be so strong that it will manage to overcome all obstacles. Unfortunately, it may as well make life a grey existence filled with loneliness and suffering.
Starotestamentowa świadomość tożsamości religijnej a społeczeństwo pluralistyczne
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: January 2020

Z bogatego zasobu wartości religijnych, społecznych, moralnych czy gospodarczych współczesny człowiek wybiera to, co jemu odpowiada. Sprzyja temu kult wolności, skrajny indywidualizm oraz zakwestionowanie istnienia prawdy obiektywnej, rządzącej całością ludzkiej egzystencji. Głoszenie jednej, niezmiennej i uniwersalnej prawdy z jednej strony, a z drugiej świadomość prawa człowieka do wolnego decydowania o własnym życiu daje możliwość owocnej koegzystencji Kościoła ze społeczeństwem pluralistycznym. Tak samo funkcjonowało już starożytne społeczeństwo izraelskie broniące jednej prawdy i konieczności podporządkowania się prawom regulującym życie religijne, moralne i społeczne. Istnieją zatem nieprzekraczalne granice akceptacji pluralizmu w społeczeństwie, które chce zachować własną tożsamość.
Parafialne poradnictwo rodzinne elementem nowej ewangelizacji.
Authors: Zając Karina
Published: January 2020

Temat i treść artykułu koncentrują się na organizacji i zadaniach parafialnego poradnictwa rodzinnego oferowanego małżeństwom i rodzinom przez Kościół katolicki, co jest jednym z elementów pomocy doradczej wobec postępującego rozpadu małżeństw i rodzin, częstego negowania wartości samego małżeństwa, zwłaszcza „istotnych jego przymiotów: jedności, i nierozerwalności” (KPK/83, kan. 1056). Dobro rodziny ma kluczowe znaczenie dla przyszłości świata i Kościoła (AL, nr 31), dlatego Kościół katolicki dostrzega konieczność organizacji, dostosowania i realizacji zadań doradczych poradnictwa rodzinnego, szczególnie przy parafiach, gdyż znajdują się najbliżej wiernych w ich codziennym życiu. Z uwagi na złożoność problemów, z którymi borykają się współczesne małżeństwa i rodziny, Kościół w swoich dokumentach zwraca uwagę na potrzebę rozwoju tej formy poradnictwa z położeniem nacisku na pomoc doradczą z elementem „nowej ewangelizacji”, dynamiczną, otwartą, uwzględniającą obecną rzeczywistość dystansowania się współczesnego człowieka od wiary.            W treści artykułu przedstawiono istotne dokumenty Kościoła regulujące działalność parafialnych poradni rodzinnych, ich cele i zadania w optyce „nowej ewangelizacji”. Szczególnie zwrócono uwagę na konieczność prowadzenia takiego poradnictwa dla małżeństw i rodzin, w pierwszych latach ich małżeństwa. W konkluzjach końcowych dokonano podsumowania rozważań i zaproponowano możliwe rozwiązania usprawniające udzielanie wsparcia oraz uczenie przeżywania małżeństwa i rodzicielstwa jako powołania chrześcijańskiego.
Intervento psico-educativo alla luce della teoria bio-ecologica di Urie Bronfenbrenner
Authors: Formella Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje interpretację bioekologicznego modelu amerykańskiego psychologa Urie Bronfenbrennera, zastosowanego do procesu wzrostu, zwłaszcza podczas okresu szkolnego. Należy zauważyć, że każda interwencja psychoedukacyjna ma na celu zmianę zarówno u osoby, jak i w otaczającym środowisku, z którym osoba jest w ciągłej wymianie. Istotną rolę w procesie zmian odgrywa znacząca postać dorosłego, którą często jest rodzic, nauczyciel, wychowawca. Biorąc pod uwagę, że proces ten zachodzi we współczesnym społeczeństwie, poddanym różnego rodzaju ciągłym zmianom, wydaje się istotne, by przypomnieć pewne podstawowe dynamiki prowadzące do zdrowego indywidualnego i społecznego wzrostu.
Kerygmatyczny i moralny przekaz św. Jana Pawła II do młodzieży w jego listach i orędziach na Światowe Dni Młodzieży
Authors: Pieckenhagen Adam
Published: January 2020

Jan Paweł II od początku swojego pontyfikatu dużą troską otaczał ludzi młodych. Wyjątkową inicjatywą zapoczątkowaną przez niego były Światowe Dni Młodzieży. W listach i orędziach zapowiadających te spotkania podjął szereg ważnych tematów dla duchowego i osobistego rozwoju młodego pokolenia. Prezentowany artykuł omawia poszczególne listy i orędzia Jana Pawła II, które mają charakter kerygmatyczno-moralny. Papież nie unikał tematów trudnych, mówił, jak należy przeżywać swoje życie, aby go nie zmarnować. W listach na kolejne Światowe Dni Młodzieży uczył prawdziwej miłości, zachowania właściwych proporcji między być a mieć, uczył służby drugiemu człowiekowi, rozeznawania swojego życiowego powołania. Nieustannie uświadamiał młodym, że z wielkim entuzjazmem i radością mogą głosić współczesnemu światu Chrystusa.
Ubóstwo w konsumpcyjnej kulturze nabywania – analiza socjologiczna
Authors: Oliwa - Ciesielska Monika
Published: January 2020

Artykuł jest analizą wypowiedzi osób ubogich i ich wspomnień zawartych w polskich pamiętnikach bezrobotnych, które zostały opublikowane w latach 30. i w latach 2003-2006. Głównym zagadnieniem analizowanym w ramach badań jest problem ograniczonej konsumpcji w ubóstwie i poszukiwanie podobieństw i różnic w funkcjonowaniu zubożałych ludzi w różnych kontekstach kulturowych i społecznych. Głównym tematem jest refleksja na temat konsumpcyjnego stylu życia osób ubogich. Nie są oni wykluczeni z nabywania dóbr ani też z obserwowania nabywania,jako postawy trwale zadomowionej we współczesnej kulturze konsumpcyjnej.W artykule analizowana jest rola konsumpcji w życiu ubogich, nabywanie dóbr i ograniczenia w zaspokajaniu podstawowych potrzeb. Wiąże się to również ze stygmatyzacją społeczną osób nazywanych konsumentami z „usterką”. Artykuł pokazuje realną i pozorowaną konsumpcję w ubóstwie. Wyniki badań przedstawione w artykule ujawniają złożoność problemu ubóstwa, które jest związane z czymś więcej niż tylko brakiem spełnienia podstawowych potrzeb.
Wykluczenie społeczne. Metoda towarzyszenia kompleksowym systemem wsparcia wobec potrzebujących
Authors: Pryba Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Na zjawisko wykluczenia składa się wiele aspektów. Wiąże się ono z wielowymiarowym upośledzeniem społecznym dotykającym wiele obszarów życia osób doświadczających wykluczenia.Marginalizacja ściśle łączy się z uprzedmiotowieniem. Im bardziej człowiek jest uprzedmiotowiony, tym mniejszy ma wpływ na życie swoje i swoich bliskich. Staje się kimś w rodzaju bezwolnego przedmiotu oddziaływań i manipulacji innych ludzi.Caritas Francja departamentu Seine-Saint-Denis we współpracy z ANPE (Narodowa Agencja Zatrudnienia) wypracowała metodę towarzyszenia osobom wykluczonym. Polega ona na obecności, asystowaniu i uczestniczeniu w życiu osób wykluczonych. Jest to forma resocjalizacji przez powrót do aktywności zawodowej. Jeśli jest ona tylko możliwa, to skutkuje ona również powrotem do społeczeństwa.