bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fireball and Potentially Hazardous Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (164121) 2003 YT1
Authors: Kasuga Toshihiro , Sato Mikiya , Ueda Masayoshi , Fujiwara Yasunori , Tsuchiya Chie , Watanabe Jun-ichi
Published: January 2020

We present a fireball detected in the night sky over Kyoto, Japan on UT 2017 April 28 at

by the SonotaCo Network. The absolute visual magnitude is

 = −4.10 ± 0.42 mag. Luminous light curves obtain a meteoroid mass of m = 29 ± 1 g, corresponding to the size of a
s = 2.7 ± 0.1 cm. Orbital similarity assessed by D-criterions (see D
SH = 0.0079) has identified a likely parent, the binary near-Earth asteroid (164121) 2003 YT1. The suggested binary formation process is a Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack-driven rotational disintegration. The asynchronous state indicates the age of <104 yr, near or shorter than the upper limit to meteoroid stream lifetime. We examine potential dust production mechanisms for the asteroid, including rotational instability, resurfacing, impact, photoionization, radiation pressure sweeping, thermal fracture, and sublimation of ice. We find some of them capable of producing the meteoroid-scale particles. Rotational instability is presumed to cause mass shedding, in consideration of the recent precedents (e.g., asteroid (6478) Gault), possibly releasing millimeter–centimeter scale dust particles. Impacts by micrometeorites with a size ≃1 mm could be a trigger for ejecting the centimeter-sized particles. Radiation pressure can sweep out the millimeter-sized dust particles, while not sufficient for the centimeter-sized. The other mechanisms are unprovable or unidentified. The feasibility in the parental aspect of 2003 YT1 is somewhat reconciled with the fireball observation, yielding an insight into how we approach potentially hazardous objects.
Tidally Excited Oscillations in Heartbeat Binary Stars: Pulsation Phases and Mode Identification
Authors: Guo Zhao , Shporer Avi , Hambleton Kelly , Isaacson Howard
Published: January 2020

Tidal forces in eccentric binary stars known as heartbeat stars excite detectable oscillations that shed light on the processes of tidal synchronization and circularization. We examine the pulsation phases of tidally excited oscillations (TEOs) in heartbeat binary systems. The target list includes four published heartbeat binaries and four additional systems observed by Kepler. To the first order, the pulsation phases of TEOs can be explained by the geometric effect of the dominant l = 2, m = 0, or ±2 modes assuming pulsations are adiabatic. We found that this simple theoretical interpretation can account for more than half of the systems on the list, assuming their spin and orbit axes are aligned. We do find significant deviations from the adiabatic predictions for some other systems, especially for the misaligned binary KIC 8164262. The deviations can potentially help to probe the nonadiabaticity of pulsation modes as well as resonances in the tidal forcing.
Two-dimensional Inflow–Outflow Solution of Supercritical Accretion Flow
Authors: Zeraatgari Fatemeh Zahra , Mosallanezhad Amin , Yuan Ye-Fei , Bu De-Fu , Mei Liquan
Published: January 2020

We present the two-dimensional inflow–outflow solutions of radiation hydrodynamic equations of supercritical accretion flows. Compared with prior studies, we include all components of the viscous stress tensor. We assume steady-state flow and use self-similar solutions in the radial direction to solve the equations in the r–θ domain of spherical coordinates. The set of differential equations have been integrated from the rotation axis to the equatorial plane. We find that the self-similarity assumption requires that the radial profile of density is described by ρ(r) ∝ r
−0.5. Correspondingly, the radial profile of the mass inflow rate decreases with decreasing radius as

. An inflow–outflow structure has been found in our solution. Inflow exists in the region θ > 65°, while above that the flow moves outward and outflow could launch. The driving forces of the outflow are analyzed and it is found that the radiation force is dominant and pushes the gas particles outward with poloidal velocity ∼0.25c. The properties of the outflow are also studied. The results show that the mass flux-weighted angular momentum of the inflow is lower than that of the outflow, thus the angular momentum of the flow can be transported by the outflow. We also analyze the convective stability of the supercritical disk and find that in the absence of a magnetic field, the flow is convectively unstable. Our analytical results are fully consistent with the previous numerical simulations of supercritical accretion flow.
Ghostly Strong Lyα Absorbers: Tracers of Gas Flows in the Close Vicinity of Quasars?
Authors: Fathivavsari Hassan
Published: January 2020

We have searched the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 for ghostly strong Lyα (DLA) systems. These systems, located at the redshift of the quasars, show strong absorption from low-ionization atomic species but reveal no H i Lyα absorption. Our search has, for the first time, resulted in a sample of 30 homogeneously selected ghostly absorbers with z
QSO > 2.0. Thirteen of the ghostly absorbers exhibit absorption from other H i Lyman series lines. The lack of Lyα absorption in these absorbers is consistent with them being dense and compact with projected sizes smaller than the broad-line region of the background quasar. Although uncertain, the estimated median H i column density of these absorbers is logN(H i) ∼ 21.0. We compare the properties of ghostly absorbers with those of eclipsing DLAs that are high-column-density absorbers, located within 1500 km s−1 of the quasar emission redshift and showing strong Lyα emission in their DLA trough. We discover an apparent sequence in the observed properties of these DLAs, with ghostly absorbers showing wider H i kinematics, stronger absorptions from high-ionization species, C ii and Si ii excited states, and a higher level of dust extinction. Since we estimate that all these absorbers have similar metallicities, log

1.0, we conclude that ghostly absorbers are part of the same population as eclipsing DLAs, except that they are denser and located closer to the central active galactic nuclei.
Two New Rapidly Rotating ON Stars Found with LAMOST
Authors: Li 李 Guang-Wei 广伟 , Howarth Ian D.
Published: January 2020

The ON stars are a rare subtype of O stars of uncertain origin. We report two new, rapidly rotating ON stars found in data acquired with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. LS I +61 28 is an ON8.5 Vn dwarf with a projected equatorial rotational velocity of

, while HDE 236672 is an ON9 IVn subgiant with

. The former is the first rapidly rotating ON dwarf to be found, and the latter is only the third ON subgiant. The luminosity classes of non-supergiant ON stars appear to be influenced by the axial inclination angle i: the rapidly rotating giants are close to equator-on, while ON dwarfs with lower

values are viewed more nearly pole-on. Combining parallaxes and proper motions from Gaia Data Release 2 with radial-velocity measurements, we investigate the kinematics of non-supergiant ON stars and infer that the dynamics, rapid rotation, and surface nitrogen characteristics may all be consequences of binary interaction.
A Variant Stellar-to-nebular Dust Attenuation Ratio on Subgalactic and Galactic Scales
Authors: Lin 林 Zesen 泽森 , Kong 孔 Xu 旭
Published: January 2020

The state-of-the-art geometry models of stars/dust suggest that dust attenuation toward nebular regions (

) is always larger than that of stellar regions (

). Utilizing the newly released integral field spectroscopic data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey, we investigate whether and how the

ratio varies from subgalactic to galactic scales. On a subgalactic scale, we report a stronger correlation between

and

for more active H ii regions. The local

is found to have moderate nonlinear correlations with three tracers of diffuse ionized gas (DIG), as well as indicators of gas-phase metallicity and ionization. The DIG regions tend to have larger

compared to classic H ii regions excited by young OB stars. Metal-poor regions with a higher ionized level suffer much less nebular attenuation and thus have larger

ratios. A low-

and high-

sequence, which can be resolved into DIG-dominated and metal-poor regions, on the three BPT diagrams is found. Based on these observations, we suggest that besides the geometry of stars/dust, local physical conditions such as metallicity and ionized level also play an important role in determining the

. On a galactic scale, the global

ratio has strong correlations with stellar mass (M
*), moderate correlations with star formation rate (SFR) and metallicity, and weak correlations with inclination and specific SFR. Galaxies with larger M
* and higher SFR that are more metal-rich tend to have smaller

ratios. Such correlations form a decreasing trend of

along the star-forming main sequence and mass–metallicity relation. The dust growth process accompanied by galaxy growth might be one plausible explanation for our observations.
Hot Super-Earths with Hydrogen Atmospheres: A Model Explaining Their Paradoxical Existence
Authors: Modirrousta-Galian Darius , Locci Daniele , Tinetti Giovanna , Micela Giuseppina
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we propose a new mechanism that could explain the survival of hydrogen atmospheres on some hot super-Earths. We argue that on close-orbiting tidally locked super-Earths, the tidal forces, together with the orbital and rotational centrifugal forces, can partially confine the atmosphere on the nightside. Assuming a super-terran body with an atmosphere dominated by volcanic species and a large hydrogen component, the heavier molecules can be shown to be confined within latitudes of ≲80° while the volatile hydrogen is not. Because of this disparity, the hydrogen has to slowly diffuse out into the dayside where X-ray and ultraviolet irradiation destroys it. For this mechanism to take effect, it is necessary for the exoplanet to become tidally locked before losing the totality of its hydrogen envelope. Consequently, for super-Earths with this proposed configuration, it is possible to solve the tidal-locking and mass-loss timescales in order to constrain their formation “birth” masses. Our model predicts that 55 Cancri e formed with a day length between approximately 17−18.5 hr and an initial mass less than ∼12M
⊕, hence allowing it to become tidally locked before the complete destruction of its atmosphere. For comparison, CoRoT-7b, an exoplanet with very similar properties to 55 Cancri e but lacking an atmosphere, formed with a day length significantly different from ∼20.5 hr while also having an initial mass smaller than ∼9M
⊕.
Variation in length of alpha waves reveals how forebrain activity is organized
Authors: Johannisson Tomas
Published: January 2020

Background

The cerebral cortex is composed of functional units known as columns. The “two levels” hypothesis states that the activity in a column is either at a high level or at a normal, relatively low level. Measurements indicate that the duration of the high activity in a column is around 450 ms. The number of highly active columns is often 4–5. These data are from previous studies on alpha waves in electroencephalograms. The idea is that alpha waves are created when a regulating system keeps the number of highly active columns within proper limits. If this is true, then regulating signals determines the length of the alpha waves, which opens up for a possibility to test the hypothesis.

Methods and results

Wavelengths were measured in sequences of alpha waves, and distinctive patterns in the wavelength variation were found. The elements of these patterns were repeated at intervals that exactly matched the predicted duration of high activity in individual columns.

Conclusions

The discovery of patterns in the wavelength variation confirms the central part of the two levels hypothesis. The patterns reveal the actual number of highly active columns. Moreover, the duration of high activity in a column can be measured. Number and duration outside the optimal ranges may lead to a variety of symptoms.
Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from Honshû, Japan
Authors: Sasakawa Kôji
Published: January 2020

Nebria (Falcinebria) reflexa Bates (Carabidae), a Japanese endemic flightless ground beetle, is geographically polytypic and was thought to be composed of four subspecies (including nominotypical subspecies). Populations from Honshû recognized as three subspecies were taxonomically revised based primarily on the shape of the endophallus, a membranous inner sac everted from the aedeagus. Three known taxa, Nebria reflexa, Nebria niohozana Bates, and Nebria uenoi Nakane, are redefined based on endophallus morphology, and the latter two are described as distinct species rather than subspecies of N. reflexa. Seven new species are described: N. sagittatasp. nov., N. iidesanasp. nov., N. furcatasp. nov., N. pisciformissp. nov., N. kuragadakensissp. nov., N. dichotomasp. nov., and N. chugokuensissp. nov. Comparative morphology, primarily of the endophallus, indicated that N. furcata, N. pisciformis, N. kuragadakensis, and N. uenoi form basal lineages, and the remaining six species form a clade in which N. niohozana and N. dichotoma are sister taxa. Species phylogeny and known distributions suggest that the initial diversification of these species occurred in the western Chûbu and eastern Kinki regions of Japan.
A remarkable new species of Cavichiana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Quintas Victor , Takiya Daniela M. , Côrte Isabele , Mejdalani Gabriel
Published: January 2020

CavichianaMejdalani et al., 2014 was a formerly monotypic Cicadellinae genus exclusively found in bromeliads from southeastern Brazil. Here a new species is described, diagnosed, and illustrated from Itatiaia National Park, municipality of Itamonte, state of Minas Gerais (Mantiqueira mountain range); specimens were collected on Vriesea spp. (Bromeliaceae). Cavichiana alpina sp. nov. (male holotype in DZRJ) can be recognized by the following combination of features: (1) forewing clavus with basal portion and area along commissural margin orange, remainder of claval area blue (except dark brown apex); (2) corium with large blue area adjacent to claval sulcus, connected to blue area of clavus; (3) distal portion of female and male pygofer not sclerotized; (4) aedeagus with distinct basidorsal lobe and with apex narrowly rounded, not bearing crown of spines; and (5) female sternite VII with deep V-shaped posterior emargination. Notes on the distribution of the genus are provided and C. bromelicolaMejdalani et al., 2014 is newly recorded from southern Brazil.
« A recognised institution » ? Trois générations de commerçants indiens sur Grand Parade, Le Cap (1924-1975)
Authors: Morange Marianne , Didier Sophie
Published: January 2020

S’inspirant des théories de la reconnaissance (Honneth, 2000) et du débat sur « l’empiétement tranquille » (Bayat, 1997), cet article analyse la manière dont 16 familles de commerçants indiens ont négocié, pendant trois générations, leur droit à travailler sur Grand Parade, une place publique emblématique de la centralité urbaine au Cap. Pris dans les tensions d’une action publique oscillant dès les années 1910 entre besoin d’approvisionner la ville et souci de planifier le centre-ville, ils ont résisté au resserrement de l’étau du zonage racial, sous l’apartheid, jusqu’à se constituer en petite institution locale. Leur histoire engage la question de la citoyenneté des petites classes moyennes laborieuses et des petits entrepreneurs dans la société urbaine coloniale ségrégationniste, puis d’apartheid, au Cap. Les archives municipales permettent de retracer les échanges quotidiens entre ces commerçants et les fonctionnaires municipaux. Sur cet espace administratif d’interface et de rencontres ordinaires avec l’État, on peut observer des formes d’empiétement tranquille orientées vers la reproduction quotidienne et concrète de l’activité économique, ainsi que des formes de mobilisations politiques portant une quête de reconnaissance politique et sociale. Faire dialoguer l’analyse socio-géographique d’Asaf Bayat et la philosophie politique et morale d’Axel Honneth à travers cette étude de cas très circonscrite permet d’analyser la manière dont la demande politique de reconnaissance s’ancre concrètement dans un ensemble d’interactions pratiques et quotidiennes avec la bureaucratie locale du Cap.
Une hétérotopie de la parole subalterne : les grins de thé à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Lefebvre Félix
Published: January 2020

À Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), les grins de thé consistent en la réunion de jeunes hommes (dans la majorité des cas) se réunissant à des horaires variables pour boire du thé et discuter. Ils investissent alors des espaces inoccupés constituant des espaces de sociabilité, à la fois refuge et espace-ressource, où les hiérarchies qui structurent habituellement les rapports sociaux s’estompent. S’ils ne sont pas nécessairement considérés comme des lieux politiques par leurs usagers, le registre du politique est bien présent dans les valeurs mobilisées autour du grin et dans la pratique même qu’ils constituent. En cela, les grins constituent des hétérotopies. Les grins peuvent être considérés comme des « arènes » où se constituent les problèmes publics, à travers la discussion collective, mais n’apparaissant pas comme une instance légitime de débat politique. Le grin représente donc une arène illégitime où se construit une « citadinité subalterne ». Cet article interroge donc les processus de subjectivation politique liés à des pratiques spécifiques de l’espace urbain, sans nécessairement apparaître dans l’espace public du discours. La citadinité y est considérée dans son aspect processuel, l’espace de la ville permettant aux individus de se constituer comme sujets politiques. Nous interrogerons l’existence d’un continuum de la parole politique, dont l’expression publique dépendrait des possibilités de négociations avec l’ordre social, et des rapports de force qui le produisent. In fine , nous nous demandons si les pratiques infra-politiques de l’espace par les dominés ne permettent pas d’appuyer la construction d’actions collectives autour de ces questions.
De la créativité du devenir…
Authors: Kail Michel
Published: January 2020

Les usages actuels de la notion de « radicalité » érodent sa capacité critique ; l’anti-naturalisme exigeant que Beauvoir met en œuvre dans  Le Deuxième sexe  permet de lui redonner des couleurs critiques plus vives encore que celles que lui conféraient les analyses de Marx.
Le capital féministe au XXI e siècle : primauté de l’égalité des sexes
Authors: Bras Pierre
Published: January 2020

La philosophie de Simone de Beauvoir permet de relire  Le Capital au XXI e  siècle  de Thomas Piketty. Piketty traite des inégalités face au capital en oubliant les inégalités patrimoniales entre les femmes et les hommes. Or, il montre que le capital et l’héritage se sont effondrés au XX e  siècle, et je remarque que cette période correspond à l’essor de l’égalité des sexes. Simple coïncidence ? Maintenant que l’héritage reprend de la vigueur, qu’adviendra-t-il de l’égalité des sexes ?
La jouissance précède la souffrance
Authors: Fraisse Geneviève , de La Porte Xavier
Published: January 2020

Comment penser plutôt que quoi penser, telle serait la première lecture du  Deuxième sexe  de Simone de Beauvoir. Ensuite, viendrait la question du plaisir de penser, de l’opposition entre souffrance et jouissance dans le rapport au savoir ; puis viendrait l’ambition de faire d’une question partielle (la différence des sexes) une problématique qui croise l’universel par-delà tout particularisme. Enfin, on entendrait sa langue dans une écriture dense, nourrie de lectures innombrables.
Simone de Beauvoir et les immeubles
Authors: Bras Pierre
Published: January 2020

Les immeubles structurent l’autobiographie de Beauvoir, qui les prend comme objet philosophique. Leur description se fait par la récriture de textes canoniques porteurs d’archétypes : Genèse, chute de Lucifer, Faust, Orphée. Chez Beauvoir l’art déco défie l’esthétique haussmannienne et se reflète dans le style de l’auteure, ce qui explique qu’en lisant Beauvoir on a la sensation de voir le XX e siècle.
La conception transatlantique de sécurité du gouvernement Clemenceau à la Conférence de Paix de Paris, 1919
Authors: Jackson Peter
Published: January 2020

La politique de la France à la Conférence de Paix de Paris a longtemps été critiquée comme ayant été une tentative infructueuse d’anéantir la puissance allemande et de garantir une position dominante pour la France dans l’ordre politique européen après 1918. Le Premier Ministre Clemenceau est cependant présenté de manière générale comme un partisan convaincu de la politique traditionnelle d’équilibre des puissances. Cette interprétation, qui a structuré l’historiographie dès le lendemain de la guerre, a occulté un aspect idéologique important de la politique de la France à la conférence de paix. Au cœur du programme gouvernemental de Clemenceau se trouvait une vision transatlantique du futur ordre international qui reposait sur un engagement partagé pour la démocratie et de l’auto-détermination entre la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les États-Unis. Son but était d’intégrer l’Allemagne à un nouvel ordre de sécurité qui serait étayé par la supériorité économique et les ressources militaires des pouvoirs de l’Alliance victorieuse. Cette politique anticipa les évolutions géopolitiques durant et après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.
Les sous-traitants automobiles français face à la crise : une réponse libérale ? (1981-1986)
Authors: Milor Alice
Published: January 2020

L’internationalisation du secteur automobile fait peser sur les sous-traitants français de nouvelles menaces, comme la concurrence japonaise, et de nouveaux enjeux de productivité et de concentration. Confronté à une crise sectorielle depuis 1980, le tissu atomisé de sous-traitants fait l’expérience de sa dépendance à Renault et PSA, et tente de diversifier ses activités. De plus, au joug des constructeurs se rajoute celui d’un gouvernement socialiste volontiers interventionniste et protectionniste : rejet des reprises étrangères, hésitation à créer des pôles européens, interférences dans la relation fournisseurs-constructeurs. En 1984, l’heure est au bilan. La diversification doit être abandonnée, les secteurs épurés, les aides interrompues, et les solutions étrangères acceptées comme un moindre mal.
Espaces de coworking et fablabs des villes petites et moyennes : un rôle de middleground ?
Authors: Le Nadant Anne-Laure , Marinos Clément
Published: January 2020

L’article interroge la notion de comme intermédiaire entre l’ underground et l’ upperground ( Cohendet , 2010 ), appliquée au contexte spécifique des villes petites et moyennes. Nous cherchons à savoir dans quelle mesure le modèle des grounds est pertinent pour ces territoires et s’il permet de révéler le fonctionnement des espaces de travail collaboratifs. Les résultats reposent sur une analyse de cas multiple réalisée à partir d’une enquête par entretiens semi-directifs. Ils montrent certaines particularités qui n’ont pas été mises en évidence par la littérature comme un faible cloisonnement entre acteurs (multi-appartenance communautaire, mobilité interstrate) et un fonctionnement ouvert et transversal des espaces étudiés. En conclusion, les différentes strates dans les villes petites et moyennes semblent plus difficiles à distinguer que dans les métropoles. Codes JEL : O18, P25, R58
Construction et déconstruction du canon du « Grand Siècle »
Authors: Kreho Vesna
Published: January 2020

Guidée par de nombreux travaux consacrés à la littérature du xvii e  siècle et au classicisme français, cette étude se propose de réfléchir une fois de plus sur les diverses représentations du « Grand Siècle », tout en mettant l’accent sur l’Âge classique au sein de celui-ci. Sans chercher à présenter une nouvelle méthode d’approche, encore moins vouloir découvrir quelque facette cachée du xvii e  siècle, elle entend aborder certains aspects de la mythologie dix-septièmiste et du classicisme français, vu comme son aboutissement majeur. Cette réflexion en appelle forcément une autre : celle qui introduit les notions de canon littéraire, du fait même que l’adjectif « canonique » est souvent synonyme de « classique ».
Deux histoires littéraires au terme de la Révolution française : La Harpe, Marie-Joseph Chénier et quelques autres
Authors: Tatin-Gourier Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2020

Si les réorientations de la production littéraire au cours de la Révolution française ont été analysées de longue date, la question des canons littéraires demeure largement posée. Il importait d’identifier les textes qui puissent refondre la vie littéraire en constituant un corpus d’œuvres de référence. Deux points de vue se sont affrontés principalement : l’un représenté par le Cours complet de littérature ancienne et moderne de J.-F. La Harpe (1796), l’autre par le Tableau historique de l’état et des progrès de la littérature française depuis 1789 de M.-J. Chénier († 1811). Alors que le premier condamne le siècle des Lumières qui déboucha sur la Révolution, le second en souligne les réussites et célèbre les « bons écrivains contemporains » que cet événement a su promouvoir. Tout en présentant ces deux points de vue opposés, cette étude en examine les motivations et les arguments.
Historiographie identitaire : la Yougoslavie socialiste et la Post-Yougoslavie postsocialiste
Authors: Kreho Dinko
Published: January 2020

Les départements de langue-et-littérature-nationale dans les États qui succédèrent à la Yougoslavie se laissent parfois tenter par une « science identitaire » (Rastko Močnik) destinée à définir l’identité nationale incarnée par la littérature. Quels en sont les présupposés ? La politique culturelle yougoslave était-elle opposée à la notion de « littératures nationales » des peuples yougoslaves ? Existait-il un projet de canon littéraire proprement socialiste et transnational, ayant l’ambition de supplanter les canons nationaux particuliers – serbe, croate, etc. ? Existe-t-il une continuité dans le concept même de « littérature nationale » entre la Yougoslavie et la Post-Yougoslavie ? Enfin, si l’on rejette la science identitaire, quelles conceptualisations alternatives des littératures provenant de la région ex-yougoslave peut-on envisager ?
La littérature à l’ère de sa reproductibilité technique. Petit essai de prospective
Authors: Bourrit Bernard
Published: January 2020

Il s’agit d’un court exercice de fiction théorique où l’auteur s’interroge, à partir du cas posé par Borges dans Pierre Ménard, auteur du Quichotte , sur l’impossibilité du commentaire et sur la valeur de l’œuvre à l’ère de sa reproductibilité technique.
Justice et psychiatrie : origine et développement de leurs relations à Genève
Authors: Montandon C
Published: January 2020

Ce texte décrit la naissance et les conditions de développement des relations entre justice et médecine psychiatrique à Genève, notamment la mise en place du rôle de l’expert psychiatre dans le système de justice pénale genevois. Sont abordés les changements survenus dans les représentations du fou-criminel et de son traitement, l’évolution de l’institution juridique et son ouverture aux interprétations psychologiques, les analogies entre pratiques pénales et pratiques asilaires, enfin le consensus concernant l’ordre social chez les magistrats et aliénistes. En présentant des expertises psychiatriques et des écrits des médecins-aliénistes des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, l’auteur montre que les problèmes entre justice et psychiatrie n’ont pas fondamentalement changé depuis.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Khan Leah
Published: January 2020

Opioid use and abuse have skyrocketed in the United States over the last decade. As a result, we have seen a substantial increase in neonates who are exposed to opioids in-utero. Anywhere from 55% to 94% of infants exposed to opioids will experience withdrawal, known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and will require management of their symptoms in the hospital. It is important to know what to look for in an infant who is experiencing NAS, how to determine if treatment is needed and what type of treatment is indicated, and how to prepare the infant for discharge once they are stable. Unfortunately, there are no standardized care plans in place for the management of this population. Although assessment tools such as the Finnegan scoring systems are available, they are not validated and can be cumbersome and difficult to administer. Other methods of assessment are being studied and may prove to be more useful in the clinical setting of neonatal withdrawal. Neither nonpharmacologic nor pharmacologic interventions are standardized, with individual institutions determining their plan of care. Development of more standardized care could significantly improve the management of these patients.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(1):e3–e7.]
Addressing Issues of Unemployment in Brunei
Authors: Musa Siti Fatimahwati Pehin Dato , Idris Dk Siti Rozaidah Pg Hj
Published: January 2020

This study aims to investigate the issue of youth unemployment in Brunei by exploring the occupational aspirations of youth, the expectations of employers towards their employees, and the current policy initiatives of the government. The aspirations of youth were explored by conducting a series of focus groups among youths of different age groups and educational levels. The findings indicated that youths in Brunei preferred jobs that are prestigious, highly paid, stable, and are less likely to take risks. The expectations of employers, on the other hand, entailed a semi-structured interview to assess the employers' expectations for their current and/or prospective employees. The findings revealed that youths lack awareness on important employability skills that are critical for their entrance into and performance into the labour market. A majority of the employers attribute the lack of drive, entrepreneurial spirit, and awareness of the importance of leadership from an early age for employability and a need to strengthen collaborative development amongst the relevant agencies.
Modelling Customer Satisfaction to Improve Receivables of a Firm in a Supply Chain
Authors: Jahangiri Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2020

A firm in a supply chain usually defines payment strategies such as penalty rate, delivery time, customer discount, and quantity of order fulfilment regarding the invoices issued for the products ordered by the customers, whilst these payment strategies affect not only the amount paid by the customers but also customer satisfaction. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of customer satisfaction on the cash inflow of a firm in a supply chain. In fact, this article develops an optimisation mathematical model to maximise the amount of cash received from customer within a time horizon through maximizing customer satisfaction and optimising the payment strategy parameters. Customer satisfaction in each period is defined as a dependent variable of three parameters such as penalty rate, demand variation and delivery time. All the firms in a supply chain can adjust these parameters to improve the amount of cash received from the customers. The penalty rate in each period is related to the amount and time of cash received from the customers in that period and the amount are supposed to be received from the customers in the next period. Consequently, customer discount can be applied to improve the firm's input.
Reading Both Single and Multiple Digital Video Clocks Using Context-Aware Pixel Periodicity and Deep Learning
Authors: Yu Xinguo , Song Wu , Lyu Xiaopan , He Bin , Ye Nan
Published: January 2020

This article presents an algorithm for reading both single and multiple digital video clocks by using a context-aware pixel periodicity method and a deep learning technique. Reading digital video clocks in real time is a very challenging problem. The first challenge is the clock digit localization. The existing pixel periodicity is not applicable to localizing multiple second-digit places. This article proposes a context-aware pixel periodicity method to identify the second-pixels of each clock. The second challenge is clock-digit recognition. For this task, the algorithms based a domain knowledge and deep learning technique is proposed to recognize clock digits. The proposed algorithm is better than the existing best one in two aspects. The first one is that it can read not only single digit video clock but also multiple digit video clocks. The other is that it requires a short length of a video clip. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve 100% of accuracy in both localization and recognition for both single and multiple clocks.
Assessing Risks of Urban Public Transport Governance
Authors: Belay Degwale Gebeyehu
Published: January 2020

This article explores the torment and risks of urban public transport users at the Bahir Dar intercity bus station. Ethnography research design is applied to collect the data. Accordingly, personal observation, informal discussions, and interviews were important sources of data collection. The findings show that passengers are exposed to risks of robbery and physical and psychological abuses from their departure from home to their final destination. The station is full of lawlessness. Women, children, elderly people, and passengers with luggage are disproportionately vulnerable to such risks. These risks and overall challenges are systemic and structural which are deprived of governance and regulation. Due to absence of care, responsiveness, tangibility, and other important dimensions of customers' satisfaction, customers are poorly satisfied with a transport service delivered in Bahir Dar intercity Bus station.
Dietary vegetable oils inclusion on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp 70 gene expression in broilers under heat stress
Authors: Tari Ali Rafiei , Sadeghi Ali Asghar , Mousavi Seyed Naser
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of unsaturated and saturated oils on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp gene expression in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 300 one-day male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments (Diets containing palm, corn, linseed or olive oils) with 5 replicates. At day 28 of age, 2 chickens were removed from each replicate, then blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for analyses. Feeding linseed and olive oil reduced feed conversion ratio compared to corn and palm oils. The lowest level of insulin was for chickens fed linseed oil and corn oil. The highest level of corticosterone was found in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest level was for those received linseed oil. Chickens received linseed and corn oils had the highest levels of T3 and T4 and those fed palm and olive oils had the lowest levels. The highest HSP 70 gene expression was for chickens fed diet containing olive and linseed oils and the lowest one was for those fed corn and palm oils. It was concluded that olive oil and linseed oil could improve performance and heat tolerance of chickens under heat stress.
Morphofunctional characteristics of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes
Authors: Mosquera Juan Carlos Velasquez , Álvarez Juan David Corrales , Jacometo Carolina Bespalhok
Published: January 2020

The application of morphofunctional measurements allows the selection of suitable animals to perform working activities and ensure that animal maximum capacities are not exceeded. Mules are commonly used by small farmers for agricultural work in mountain areas where the access is extremely difficult. We aimed to estimate the functionality indexes of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes. A total of 94 adult mules were evaluated for withers height, thoracic perimeter, body length, neck length, and body weight, which were used to determine the body index (BI), proportionality index (PI), and load carriage index (LCI). Descriptive statistics, analysis of correlations, and principal component analysis were performed. Males presented higher morphometric measurements than females. There was a negative correlation between BI with PI and LCI. The principal component analysis was able to merge characteristics in two components explaining 81.78% of the variance in the indexes. These results demonstrated that working mules in the studied area have morphometric characteristics that define them as mesolinear animals with a low frame and broad chest, and these characteristics can function as a guide to identify desirable conformation indices for working mules, determining values of adequate load, respecting animal welfare.
Relationship between milk production system and milk traits and somatic cell counts in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Barbosa Severino Benone Paes , Modesto Elisa Cristina , Lopes Fabiana de Araújo , Silva Elizabete Cristina da , Abad Atzel Cândido Acosta
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the monthly milk production and quality of buffaloes from two milk production systems in the Brazilian northeast using the multivariate analysis: principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 2,506 individual milk recordings were performed in two production systems, containing information on milk production (kg day-1), fat, protein, lactose and total solids counts and somatic cell count (SCC). There were positive correlations between the fat content and the contents of total solids (TS) and protein, and of TS and protein. From the PCA, two main components (PC1 and PC2) were identified, explaining 67.71% of the total variation. The fat, protein, lactose and ST level, represented by PC1, explain 46.18% of the total variance, and were an indicator of milk nutritional quality. The CP2, composed of milk production, SCC and production systems, explains 21.53% of the total variance, and was indicative of herd health. PCA results may be useful in dairy buffalo breeding programs, and a reduced number of variables are necessary to assess the nutritional quality of milk and herd health.
A Escola de Vigotski e suas contribuições para uma práxis revolucionária
Authors: Gonçalves Ruth Maria de Paula , Moraes Betânea Moreira de , Carmo Francisca Maurilene do , Segundo Maria das Dores Mendes
Published: January 2020

O ensaio teórico em tela apresenta alguns elementos da Escola de Vigotski, alicerçado nos fundamentos do marxismo, que traz uma contribuição ímpar ao entendimento do psiquismo humano e suas múltiplas determinações. Tomando como basilares as ideias de Vigotski e seus colaboradores diretos, Luria e Leontiev, representantes da psicologia soviética, o artigo destaca a proximidade de Vigotski com Marx, quando elege a centralidade do trabalho como ato-gênese do ser social, o que possibilita relevantes implicações na edificação do complexo categorial da psicologia histórico-cultural. Desse modo, assevera-se haver uma estreita relação entre psicologia e filosofia, fundamentada na perspectiva teórico-metodológica de Vigotski, apontando para a transformação socialista do homem. Dessa forma, este artigo busca contribuir para a construção de um edifício categorial para o entendimento de como nos tornamos humanos, situando o homem em meio as suas relações sociais.
Numerical two-dimensional thermal analysis of the human skin using the multigrid method
Authors: Stroher Gylles Ricardo , Santiago Cosmo Damião
Published: January 2020

Heat can be used as an adjuvant treatment of many diseases and also as a powerful tool to help diagnose cancers, with the advantage to be a noninvasive exam. Some tumors may be best diagnosed by evaluating body temperature distribution, for instance, it is observed that local temperatures of the skin over a tumor are higher than the average skin temperature. Certainly, it is expected from medical diagnostics to be, early, fast and very precise. Especially if the health problem is a tumor, it is necessary to know the shape and the size of the cancer. Thermal images can provide further information about the tumor, generally, the thermal diagnostic is made comparing images of the region with a bioheat model. In this context, the present study shows interesting results about the multigrid method applied to solve the Pennes bioheat equation in two dimensions, using a non-stationary and steady state cases for the skin heath and with melanoma. The multigrid method presented itself as an extremely efficient and fast tool to solve the bioheat equation with refined grids that provide good spatial precision.
Optimizing the ultimate recovery by infill drilling using streamline simulation
Authors: Dailami Keyvan , Nasriani Hamid Reza , Sajjadi Seyed Adib , Rafiee Mohammad Rafie , Whitty Justin , Francis Jonathan
Published: January 2020

Even though numerical simulators that use the finite difference approach to model the oil and gas fields and to forecast the field performance are popular in the petroleum industry, they suffer from a very long central processing unit (CPU) time in the complex reservoirs with large number of grids. This issue could be resolved by streamline simulation and it could significantly decrease the runtime. This work explains the the streamline simulation concept and then a real oil field is studied using this technique, the streamline simulation is conducted by a commercial simulator, i.e., FrontSim streamline simulator and then the model was analyzed to find the optimum location of infill wells. In this work, 34 different cases were studied using Streamline simulation method and FrontSim software by considering different arrangement of infill wells. It was concluded that a significant enhancement in the ultimate recovery factor of the oil reservoir could be attained by considering different arrangement of the infill horizontal and vertical wells. It was highlighted that the ultimate recovery factor could be increased significantly, i.e., 13%. Additionally the water cut of the field could be reduced significantly. The novelty of this work is to capture the impact of both vertical and horizontal wells on the ultimate recovery enhancement simultaneously using the concept of streamline simulation and optimization of the field performance using streamline simulation concept.
Investigation of Mechanical and Numerical Properties of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) for 3003 - H14 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Abdulrehman Mohammed Ali , Challoob Shireen Hasan , Marhoon Ismail Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) has been focused on 3003 - H14Al alloy (AA).The welded specimens have been organized. Under dissimilar rotational rates of 1200, 1400 and 1600 RPM with feeding rate of welding 30 mm/min, mechanical features of joints like tensile strength and Micro-hardness have been investigated. In relation to measured fallouts, the machine-driven features of joints have been intensely influenced by dint of welding limitation. The finest con sequences of gained welding under 30 mm/min and 1400 RPM for welding velocity and rotating rate respectively. Accordingly, the efficiency gets 84% with respect to ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of parental metal. For 3003 - H14-W Aluminum alloy, this study has established the finite element simulation of FSW. Numerical simulations to identify the association of those factors with peak temperature have generated the investigations of specific heat, thermal conductivity and density. Simulation model has been verified with investigational consequences. The simulated consequences have agree with the experimentation consequences.
Tensile and Morphology Properties of PLA/MMT-TiO2 Bionanocomposites
Authors: Alrawi Luqman I. , Noriman N.Z. , Alomar Mohamed K. , Alakrach Abdulkader M. , Dahham Omar Sabbar , Hamzah Rosniza , Betar Bashir O. , Jassam Taha M.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to produce PLA nanocomposites by solvent casting incorporating Montmorillonite nanoclays (MMT) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The effects of difference loadings of MMT in PLA and different loadings of TiO2 on mechanical and morphology properties were studied. The nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting at different loadings of MMT (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt %) and different loadings of TiO2 (1 and 3 wt %) respectively. The properties such as tensile properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of elasticity) and morphology were determined. The results indicate that 4 wt% of MMT loading produced the best tensile properties. However, the incorporation of TiO2 showed an improvement in the modulus of elasticity of PLA/MMT nanocomposites mainly at 1 wt % loading of TiO2.
Effect of Sintering Temperatures and Nd2O3 Dopant on the Microstructure, Physical and Electrical Properties of KNNT Ceramics
Authors: Kamal Hamza M. , Kadhim Mohammed J.
Published: January 2020

The microstructure, physical, dielectric and the piezoelectric characteristics of the (K0.5Na0.5) (Nb0.9Ta0.1) O3 (KNNT) ceramics as a function of the sintering temperature and Nd2O3 dopant were inspected in this work. It was found that the sintering temperature has a significant impact on the above-mentioned properties. In the same context, the addition of HYPERLINK "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Neodymium_oxide" neodymium oxide led to remarkable improvement in the microstructure, density, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of KNNT ceramics when compared to undoped ceramics.
The Effect of Adding Recycled Waste on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Rasool Dalia Adil , Abdulkarem Mais A. , Abdulrehman Mohammed Ali
Published: January 2020

Iron Filings (IF) and brick powder (BP) waste materials taken from steel workshops and factories and demolition of buildings respectively .create serious environmental problems ,so the main aim of this paper is to estimate the potency of employing the mixing of waste materials (Iron Filings and brick-powder) altogether as partly replace of cement and the fine-aggregate respectively in the composition of concrete which were mixed with a ratio of (1:2:4) and (W/C) ratio equal to (0.45). In this study the cement has been replaced by Iron Filings in the proportion of ( 10%, 20%,30 %and 40%) and fine aggregate replaced by waste brick powder in the proportion of (0%,5%,10%, and 15%) by weight of concrete mix simultaneously. In this paper, the split tensile strength , the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concretes mixtures were specified. The main results of this paper appeared that the (cement and sand) can be partially replaced by ( Iron Filings and brick-powder) in the concrete mixture and it has achieved the optimum percentage of replacement by (30%IF+10%BP). So the utilization of solid waste is required in an attempt to equilibrate between the construction request and environmental sustainability and as well as saving landfill space.
Cooling and Freezing of Cashew Apple Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Brandão V.A. Agra , Araújo de Queiroz R. , Lima Dantas R. , Santos de Lima G. , Lima Tresena N. , de Queiroga A.X. Mesquita , Barbosa de Lima A.G.
Published: January 2020

Freezing is one the most efficient methods for conservation, especially, fruits and vegetables. Cashew is a fruit with high nutritional value and great economic importance in the Northeast region of Brazil, however, due to high moisture content, it is highly perishable. The numerical study of the freezing process is of great importance for the optimization of the process. In this sense, the objective of this work was to study the cooling and freezing processes of cashew apple using computational fluid dynamics technique. Experiments of cooling and freezing of the fruit, with the aid of a refrigerator,data acquisition system and thermocouples, and simulation using Ansys CFX® software for obtain the cooling and freezing kinetics of the product were realized. Results of the cooling and freezing kinetics of the cashew apple and temperature distribution inside the cashew apple are presented, compared and analyzed. The model was able to predict temperaturetransient behavior with good accuracy, except in the post-freezing period.