bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of illness representations on coping strategies and psychosocial outcomes of infertility: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deninotti Julie , Le Vigouroux Sarah , Gosling Corentin J. , Charbonnier Elodie
Published: June 2023

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis was based on the Common Sense Model, applied to infertility.

Aims

The aim was to examine the relationships between cognitive (i.e. cause, coherence, consequences, controllability, identity and timeline) or emotional representations of infertility and both coping (i.e. maladaptive and adaptive) and psychosocial outcomes (i.e. distress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social isolation, low well‐being and poor quality of life), reporting followed PRISMA guidelines.

Materials & Methods

Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubPsych and CINAHL) were searched, and 807 articles were initially identified.

Results

Seven cross‐sectional studies (N = 1208 participants) were retained in qualitative and quantitative analyses. These studies assessed the associations of seven types of representations with either maladaptive or adaptive coping (20 effect sizes), or with psychosocial outcomes (131 effect sizes). A multivariate meta‐analysis revealed that none (0/2) of the associations between the sole type of representation considered (i.e. controllability) and coping strategies were statistically significant, whereas three (3/7) of the associations between representations of infertility and psychosocial outcomes were statistically significant. Regardless of p‐values, pooled estimates ranged from low (r = .03) to very high (r = .59).

Discussion

Future studies should validate specific measurement tools for measuring cognitive and emotional representations of infertility.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the influence of representations of infertility (particularly cognitive representations of consequences and emotional representations) on the psychosocial outcomes of infertility.
On Redescribing the Indescribable: Trauma, Psychoanalysis and Psychedelic Therapy
Authors: Modlin Nadav Liam , Stubley Joanne , Maggio Carolina , Rucker James J.
Published: June 2023

The psychedelic state can be thought about as an interdependent intrapsychic, somatic, interpersonal and spiritual happening which encourages, perhaps both to the relief and dismay of those participating in the experience, the shocking and impressive emergence of one's unconscious desires and traumata's; a state which may be experienced as cathartic or healing, and as anxiety‐provoking and confusing. Often, in clinical trials investigating psychedelics in mental health conditions, these go hand in hand. Amid a renewed, at times hyperbolic, interest in psychedelics as a potential treatment for mental ill health, significant gaps of knowledge remain. Additional studies exploring the impact of the extra‐pharmacological factors and adjunct therapeutic models on treatment outcomes are needed. Drawing from psychoanalytic perspectives, this paper explores points of intersectionality between psychedelic therapy under investigation and psychoanalysis in the context of traumatic stress. To that end, the psychedelic state will be considered an attempt to make the unconscious conscious by immersing self in a bewildering waking‐dream to better tolerate reality; immersing self in a wilful state of vulnerability, to develop trust in one's agency and capacity to trust others; immersing self in an indescribable experience to learn how to redescribe, to self and to others the traumatic past.
Prognostic impact of the presence or absence of prior cancer in patients with cancer using cure models: A population‐based study
Authors: Kudo Haruka , Morishima Toshitaka , Fujii Makoto , Nagayasu Mayumi , Ma Chaochen , Sobue Tomotaka , Ohno Yuko , Miyashiro Isao
Published: June 2023

Developing a subsequent cancer is one of the major concerns for cancer survivors; however, whether prior cancer could affect their prognosis is unknown. We therefore aimed to analyze how prognosis varies depending on prior cancer in patients with newly developed cancer, focusing on cancer that had been “cured.” We used the record‐linked database of the Osaka Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics to select 186,798 patients with stomach, colorectal, or lung cancer aged ≥40 years from 1995 to 2009 in Osaka, Japan. These cancers were defined as index cancers. We classified the patients into two groups according to whether they had a prior cancer diagnosis within 10 years before the index cancer diagnosis. The cured proportion was defined as the proportion of cancer patients with the same mortality as the general population and was estimated using the parametric mixture cure model. The cured proportion of patients with prior cancer by sex and age group was not significantly lower than those without prior cancer, except for patients with stomach cancer aged ≥65 years. According to the index cancer stage in the localized stomach or colorectal cancer, the cured proportion in patients with prior cancer was lower than in those without prior cancer. However, at any stage of lung cancer, the proportion of patients with prior cancer who had been cured was similar to patients without prior cancer, therefore prior cancer had a prognostic impact only in some patient groups based on the characteristics of their index cancer.
Volumetric analysis on the use of customized healing abutments with or without connective tissue graft at flapless maxillary immediate implant placement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes Danilo , Marques Tiago , Borges Tiago , Montero Javier
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To evaluate buccal volume change after using a customized healing abutment with or without connective tissue grafts (CTG) in flapless maxillary immediate implant placement (IIP).

Materials and Methods

The present study was designed as a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Patients treated with flapless maxillary IIP were allocated into two groups, both receiving a customized healing abutment, and additionally, the test group received a CTG. A cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT) allowed to access the initial buccal bone thickness (BT). Digital impressions were taken prior to extractions (T0), 1 month (T1), 4 months (T2), and 12 months (T3) after implant insertion and superimposed with computer software allowing to compute variables related to buccal volume variation (BVv) and total volume variation (TVv) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05060055).

Results

Thirty‐two patients (mean age 48 ± 11 years), sixteen in each group, were evaluated after a 12‐month period. After 1 year of treatment, no significant differences were found between groups, although in participants with BT ≤1 mm, control and test groups showed a BVv of −14.18 ± 3.49% and −8.30 ± 3.78%, respectively (p = .033). Regarding mucosa height variation variables, the control group showed approximately the triple vertical recession in both papillae.

Conclusions

The placement of a CTG was not capable of completely maintaining the initial peri‐implant tissue architecture, although in thin‐bone phenotypes, less dimensional changes are expected when a CTG was used.
Diabetes remission in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes after dorzagliatin treatment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Jiao'e , Gan Shenglian , Mi Nianrong , Liu Yunfeng , Su Xiaofei , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Juan , Yu Fang , Dong Xiaolin , Han Minmin , Luo Jianfeng , Zhang Yi , Chen Li , Ma Jianhua
Published: June 2023

Aim

To investigate the post‐treatment effect of dorzagliatin in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) regarding the achievement of stable glycaemic control and drug‐free diabetes remission.

Materials and Methods

Patients who completed dorzagliatin treatment in the SEED trial and achieved stable glycaemic control were enrolled in this 52‐week study without any antidiabetic medication. The primary endpoint was the diabetes remission probability at week 52 using the Kaplan–Meier method. The potential factors that contribute to stable glycaemic control and diabetes remission based on the characteristics of patients before and after treatment with dorzagliatin were analysed. A post hoc sensitivity analysis of diabetes remission probability using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition was conducted.

Results

The Kaplan–Meier remission probability was 65.2% (95% CI: 52.0%, 75.6%) at week 52. Based on the ADA definition, the remission probability was 52.0% (95% CI: 31.2%, 69.2%) at week 12. The significant improvements in the insulin secretion index ΔC30/ΔG30 (41.46 ± 77.68, P = .0238), disposition index (1.22 ± 1.65, P = .0030), and steady‐state variables of HOMA2‐β (11.49 ± 14.58, P < .0001) and HOMA2‐IR (−0.16 ± 0.36, P = .0130) during the SEED trial were important factors in achieving drug‐free remission. A significant improvement in time in range (TIR), a measure of glucose homeostasis, in the SEED trial from 60% to more than 80% (estimated treatment difference, 23.8%; 95% CI: 7.3%, 40.2%; P = .0084) was observed.

Conclusions

In drug‐naïve patients with T2D, dorzagliatin treatment leads to stable glycaemic control and drug‐free diabetes remission. Improvements in β‐cell function and TIR in these patients are important contributors to diabetes remission.
Caudal ventral midline herniation in a foal
Authors: Ramos Sofia , Storms Nazaré , Vandersmissen Maxime , Dupont Julien , de la Rebière Geoffroy
Published: June 2023

This report outlines the diagnosis, surgical treatment and successful outcome following the treatment of a foal presented with a congenital abdominal hernia. A focal ventral abdominal swelling, enlarging since birth, starting just caudal to the intact umbilicus and extending caudally over the prepuce was observed. Once in dorsal recumbency, the hernia was found to originate from a defect of the abdominal wall in the linea alba region. A simple closed herniorrhaphy with inversion of the large peritoneal sac into the abdomen was performed. Post‐operative complications included fever with the development of an abscess at the surgical site. This was diagnosed and drained with ultrasound guidance. Based on culture and sensitivity testing of the abscess exudate, antibiotic therapy was adapted and the foal made a full recovery. A clinical examination undertaken 1 year later revealed complete healing of the linea alba. Herniation due to a muscle wall default has not been previously reported in foals. This article reviews the commonly observed causes of herniation (umbilical and inguinal hernias). However, a third type of congenital ventral body wall hernia should be considered for the differential diagnosis of swelling of the preputial area in foals.
Mixed‐mode I/II stress intensity factors of a biaxially loaded plate with a central slant frictional crack: An analytical comprehensive solution
Authors: Hammouda Mohammad M. I.
Published: June 2023

This work presents a comprehensive analytical solution for the mixed‐mode I/II stress intensity factor of a biaxially loaded plate that has a centrally straight inclined crack with frictional surfaces. The solution addresses every possible combination of coefficient of friction, biaxial ratio, crack length, and angle. The present results agree with the available corresponding finite element solutions. For the tension‐compression and compression‐tension biaxial loading, crack angles are recognized to achieve pure mode I, pure mode II, and mixed‐mode crack tip deformation in terms of stress biaxiality and friction coefficient. In the compression‐compression biaxial loading, only mode II crack tip deformation is operative. The ranges of crack angles necessary to produce dormant cracks are determined for the biaxial loading patterns, where a compressive stress is involved, as a function of the biaxial ratio and friction coefficient. It is possible to apply the present solution to cracked plates with two‐dimensional stresses that include a shear stress.
Biological systems under climate change: What do we learn from the IPCC AR6
Authors: Piao Shilong , Wang Xuhui
Published: June 2023

The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the latest overview on current understanding of the climate system, which is strongly coupled with biological systems. Here, we summarize AR6's key findings on the interplay between the climate and biological systems, with the focuses on the impacts and adaptation of climate change on biological systems, and the crucial role of biological systems in mitigating climate change. We conclude the essay with brief discussion on important gaps in current research.
GP‐2250, a novel anticancer agent, inhibits the energy metabolism, activates AMP‐Kinase and impairs the NF‐kB pathway in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Majchrzak‐Stiller Britta , Buchholz Marie , Peters Ilka , Waschestjuk Daniel , Strotmann Johanna , Höhn Philipp , Hahn Stephan , Braumann Chris , Uhl Waldemar , Müller Thomas , Möhler Hanns
Published: June 2023

GP‐2250, a novel anticancer agent, severely limits the energy metabolism, as demonstrated by the inhibition of hexokinase 2 and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and a decrease of ATP. Rescue experiments with supplementary pyruvate or oxaloacetate demonstrated that a TCA cycle deficit largely contributed to cytotoxicity. Activation of the energy‐deficit sensor, AMP‐dependent protein kinase, was associated with increased phosphorylation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and Raptor, pointing to a possible deficit in the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins as essential cell components. Binding of p65 to DNA was dose‐dependently reduced in nuclear lysates. A transcriptional deficit of NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) was substantiated by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl2, in line with reduction in tumour cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, respectively. The upregulation of p53 concomitant with an excess of ROS supported apoptosis. Thus, the anticancer activity of GP‐2250 is a result of disruption of energy metabolism and inhibition of tumour promotion by NF‐κB.
Review of hair prosthetic options for patients with alopecia
Authors: Ewulu Adaora , Amibang Randy , Deng Min
Published: June 2023

Background

Advanced cases of alopecia can be very difficult to treat pharmacologically. Hair loss can be emotionally taxing for many, leading to depression, anxiety, or suicide. Currently, there is limited medical literature on prosthetic hair devices available for patients with alopecia.

Aim

The purpose of this review is to educate dermatologists with a thorough review of hair prostheses to assist them in counseling patients with alopecia.

Patients/Methods

We provide an overview of the various hair prostheses in detail and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Results

When considering the optimal hair prosthesis for a patient, it's important to know the hair coverage the patient requires, the material of different attachments, the type of hair fiber required, and the cap foundation. Additionally, financial options and potential adverse effects after applying a prosthesis to the scalp are important aspects to consider.

Conclusion

A dermatologist should be able to discuss hair camouflaging techniques with their patients, including the benefits of the various options based on patients' preferences, needs, and type of hair loss. Dermatologists are the experts in the management of skin, nail, and hair disorders, and an understanding of the prosthetic options available to patients with alopecia can improve patient care and quality of life outcomes.
The relative effect of monotherapy with 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors and minoxidil for female pattern hair loss: A network meta‐analysis study
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Bamimore Mary A. , Talukder Mesbah
Published: June 2023

Background

Minoxidil and the 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors (5‐ARIs), specifically, dutasteride and finasteride, are usually used to treat pattern hair loss (PHL), but evidence on the relative effectiveness of these drugs is far less for women than men.

Aims

We performed an age‐adjusted network meta‐analysis (NMA) to determine the comparative efficacy of monotherapy with the three agents—in any dosage and administrative route—on PHL in adult women.

Methods

The peer‐reviewed literature was systematically reviewed to obtain data for our NMA. The outcome measure for our NMA was “change in total hair density.” We referred to “regimen” as an “agent and its dosage;” our Bayesian NMA estimated regimens' surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values and pairwise relative effects.

Results

Our NMA used data from 13 trials—across which the following 10 regimens were identified (in decreasing order of SUCRA): 5 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 95.7%), 5% topical minoxidil solution twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 89.5%), 1 mg/day minoxidil for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 78.1%), 5% topical minoxidil foam 1 half capful/day for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 66.5%), 3% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 45.1%), 2% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 44.6%), 5% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL/day for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 41.7%), 0.25 mg/day minoxidil for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 35.5%), 1.25 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 24.8%) and 1 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 4.3%).

Conclusion

Our findings can improve clinical guidelines and help dermatologists manage female PHL more optimally with the available options.
Bayesian evaluation of the accuracy of a thoracic auscultation scoring system in dairy calves with bronchopneumonia using a standard lung sound nomenclature
Authors: Boccardo Antonio , Ferraro Salvatore , Sala Giulia , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Pravettoni Davide , Buczinski Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Background

Although thoracic auscultation (AUSC) in calves is quick and easy to perform, the definition of lung sounds is highly variable and leads to poor to moderate accuracy in diagnosing bronchopneumonia (BP).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an AUSC scoring system based on a standard lung sound nomenclature at different cut‐off values, accounting for the absence of a gold standard test for BP diagnosis.

Animals

Three hundred thirty‐one calves.

Methods

We considered the following pathological lung sounds: increased breath sounds (score 1), wheezes and crackles (score 2), increased bronchial sounds (score 3), and pleural friction rubs (score 4). Thoracic auscultation was categorized as AUSC1 (positive calves for scores ≥1), AUSC2 (positive calves for scores ≥2), and AUSC3 (positive calves for scores ≥3). The accuracy of AUSC categorizations was determined using 3 imperfect diagnostic tests with a Bayesian latent class model and sensitivity analysis (informative vs weakly informative vs noninformative priors and with vs without covariance between ultrasound and clinical scoring).

Results

Based on the priors used, the sensitivity (95% Bayesian confidence interval [BCI]) of AUSC1 ranged from 0.89 (0.80‐0.97) to 0.95 (0.86‐0.99), with a specificity (95% BCI) of 0.54 (0.45‐0.71) to 0.60 (0.47‐0.94). Removing increased breath sounds from the categorizations resulted in increased specificity (ranging between 0.97 [0.93‐0.99] and 0.98 [0.94‐0.99] for AUSC3) at the cost of decreased sensitivity (0.66 [0.54‐0.78] to 0.81 [0.65‐0.97]).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

A standardized definition of lung sounds improved AUSC accuracy for BP diagnosis in calves.
Antibiotic use and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Simon Tracey G. , Hagström Hannes , Sun Jiangwei , Bergman David , Forss Anders , Roelstraete Bjorn , Engstrand Lars , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Antibiotics affect the gut microbiome. Preclinical studies suggest a role of gut dysbiosis in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but data from large cohorts with liver histology are lacking.

Methods

In this nationwide case–control study, Swedish adults with histologically confirmed early‐stage NAFLD (total n = 2584; simple steatosis n = 1435; steatohepatitis (NASH) n = 383; non‐cirrhotic fibrosis n = 766) diagnosed January 2007–April 2017 were included and matched to ≤5 population controls (n = 12 646) for age, sex, calendar year and county of residence. Data for cumulative antibiotic dispensations and defined daily doses were accrued until 1 year before the matching date. Using conditional logistic regression, multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated. In a secondary analysis, NAFLD patients were compared with their full siblings (n = 2837).

Results

Previous antibiotic use was seen in 1748 (68%) NAFLD patients versus 7001 (55%) controls, corresponding to 1.35‐fold increased odds of NAFLD (95% CI = 1.21–1.51) in a dose‐dependent manner (pfor trend < .001). Estimates were comparable for all histologic stages (p > .05). The highest risk of NAFLD was observed after treatment with fluoroquinolones (aOR 1.38; 95% CI = 1.17–1.59). Associations remained robust when patients were compared with their full siblings (aOR 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08–1.55). Antibiotic treatment was only linked to NAFLD in patients without metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.63; 95% CI = 1.35–1.91) but not in those with metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.09; 95% CI = 0.88–1.30).

Conclusions

Antibiotic use may be a risk factor for incident NAFLD, especially in individuals without the metabolic syndrome. The risk was highest for fluoroquinolones and remained robust in sibling comparisons with whom individuals share genetic and early environmental susceptibilities.
Trends in mortality of liver cancer before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2017–2021
Authors: Kim Donghee , Manikat Richie , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: June 2023

We studied the trends in liver cancer‐related mortality before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Quarterly age‐standardized mortality and quarterly percentage change (QPC) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) were estimated using the US national mortality database 2017–2021. Quarterly age‐standardized mortality from HCC decreased steadily with an average QPC of −0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.6% to −0.2%). A decrease in hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus‐related HCC mortality of −2.2% (95% CI: −2.4% to −1.9%) and −1.1% (95% CI: −2.0% to −0.3%) was noted. In contrast, mortality for HCC from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.0%–4.0%) and alcohol‐related liver disease (1.3%, 95% CI: 0.8%–1.9%) demonstrated a linear increase. There was a linear increase in the quarterly age‐standardized ICC‐related mortality (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.5%–1.0%). While ICC‐related mortality continued to increase, HCC‐related mortality tended to decline mainly due to a decline in mortality due to viral hepatitis.
The planktonic food web in the Gulf of Naples based on the analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios
Authors: Merquiol Louise , Mazzocchi Maria Grazia , D'Ambra Isabella
Published: June 2023

Plankton play a key role in marine food webs by producing and transferring organic matter and energy to higher trophic levels. To define the trophic structure and interactions within the planktonic communities in the Gulf of Naples, we determined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in particulate organic matter (POM, <20 μm), phytoplankton (20–200 μm), and bulk (unsorted) and sorted mesozooplankton (200–2000 μm) on a weekly basis in 2019. The stable isotope values of POM and, to a lesser extent, phytoplankton reflected the short‐term (weekly) alternation between offshore and coastal waters within seasonal variability. Although the isotopic signatures of coastal and offshore sources were still detectable in bulk mesozooplankton, δ13C and δ15N of single groups remained almost unchanged throughout the year. The trophic niches of mesozooplankton groups defined using the Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R software showed a high degree of overlap among them, which was corroborated by the tendency of most groups toward omnivory, beyond their known feeding habits, as indicated by MixSIAR models. Collectively, our results highlight that the complex network of interactions within the planktonic community in the Gulf of Naples can buffer natural variability due to the specific hydrographic features of the system. This characteristic makes the trophic structure of this community an ideal model for monitoring the response of planktonic food webs to climate‐ and anthropic‐driven changes.
Ecology, the pace‐of‐life, epistatic selection and the maintenance of genetic variation in life‐history genes
Authors: Arnqvist Göran , Rowe Locke
Published: June 2023

Evolutionary genetics has long struggled with understanding how functional genes under selection remain polymorphic in natural populations. Taking as a starting point that natural selection is ultimately a manifestation of ecological processes, we spotlight an underemphasized and potentially ubiquitous ecological effect that may have fundamental effects on the maintenance of genetic variation. Negative frequency dependency is a well‐established emergent property of density dependence in ecology, because the relative profitability of different modes of exploiting or utilizing limiting resources tends to be inversely proportional to their frequency in a population. We suggest that this may often generate negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS) on major effect loci that affect rate‐dependent physiological processes, such as metabolic rate, that are phenotypically manifested as polymorphism in pace‐of‐life syndromes. When such a locus under NFDS shows stable intermediate frequency polymorphism, this should generate epistatic selection potentially involving large numbers of loci with more minor effects on life‐history (LH) traits. When alternative alleles at such loci show sign epistasis with a major effect locus, this associative NFDS will promote the maintenance of polygenic variation in LH genes. We provide examples of the kind of major effect loci that could be involved and suggest empirical avenues that may better inform us on the importance and reach of this process.
Discovery of a novel transcriptional regulator of sugar catabolism in archaea
Authors: Johnsen Ulrike , Ortjohann Marius , Reinhardt Andreas , Turner Jonathan M. , Stratton Caleb , Weber Katherine R. , Sanchez Karol M. , Maupin‐Furlow Julie , Davies Christopher , Schönheit Peter
Published: June 2023

The haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii degrades D‐glucose via the semiphosphorylative Entner‐Doudoroff pathway and D‐fructose via a modified Embden‐Meyerhof pathway. Here, we report the identification of GfcR, a novel type of transcriptional regulator that functions as an activator of both D‐glucose and D‐fructose catabolism. We find that in the presence of D‐glucose, GfcR activates gluconate dehydratase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase and also acts as activator of the phosphotransferase system and of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase, which are involved in uptake and degradation of D‐fructose. In addition, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase are activated by GfcR in the presence of D‐fructose and also during growth on D‐galactose and glycerol. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that GfcR binds directly to promoters of regulated genes. Specific intermediates of the degradation pathways of the three hexoses and of glycerol were identified as inducer molecules of GfcR. GfcR is composed of a phosphoribosyltransferase (PRT) domain with an N‐terminal helix‐turn‐helix motif and thus shows homology to PurR of Gram‐positive bacteria that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis. We propose that GfcR of H. volcanii evolved from a PRT‐like enzyme to attain a function as a transcriptional regulator of central sugar catabolic pathways in archaea.
Treatment of Early Undifferentiated Chronic Monoarthritis of the Wrist by Arthroscopic Wrist Synovectomy Combined with Partial Denervation
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Zhong‐zhe , Huang Xing‐jian
Published: June 2023

Objective

Undifferentiated chronic monosecarthritis (UCMA) is a group of inflammatory joint diseases that has the potential to progress to other diseases and can seriously affect patients' quality of life. There is yet no unified consensus regarding treatment of UCMA. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of arthroscopic synovectomy combined with partial wrist denervation in treating Larsen 1–3 UCMA.

Methods

In this case series, we reviewed 14 patients with UCMA treated by arthroscopic synovectomy combined with partial denervation from February 2017 to June 2020. The mean duration of symptoms was 17.4 months (range, 4–60 months), and the mean follow‐up was 13.3 months (range, 6–23 months). The anterior and posterior interosseous nerves were severed at the distal forearm, and the radiocarpal, midcarpal, and distal radial ulnar joint synovial membranes were arthroscopically resected at the wrist. The clinical evaluation indices included the visual analogue scale score (VAS) for pain, grip strength, range of (active) motion of the wrist, total active motion, and Mayo wrist score. Larsen's scoring method was used as the imaging evaluation index.

Results

At the last follow‐up, significant clinical improvements were observed in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain (6.0 (5.0–6.3) vs 1.0 (1.0–2.3), P = 0.001) and Mayo wrist score (42.1 ± 9.7 vs 61.8 ± 12.3, P < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in grip strength (15.9 ± 4.5 vs 16.6 ± 4.7, P = 0.230) or the flexion‐extension arc (58.9 ± 39.0 vs 64.3 ± 36.5, P = 0.317), although the mean and median did show positive changes. Among the three patients who showed progress in imaging, there was no significant difference in their pain and functional scores compared to those who did not progress. One patient underwent total wrist fusion 17 months after the operation.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic wrist synovectomy combined with partial wrist denervation can provide sustained pain relief and functional recovery for patients with Larsen 1–3 UCMA.
A Multi‐factor Analysis of Revision in Total Hip Replacement Using the Collarless‐Polished‐Tapered Stems with Different Cups
Authors: Hong Yu , Johnston Linda , Wang Weijie
Published: June 2023

Objective

Collarless‐polished‐tapered (CPT) stems have been widely used in total hip replacement (THR). Given that various types of cups are combined with CPT in clinical practice, however, what cup type performs the best for use with CPT is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three types of commonly used cups with CPT on revision and survival life using multi‐factor analysis.

Methods

This study is a cohort study using the data between October 1998 to September 2021. The data of THR patients with ZCA All‐poly Acetabular Cup, Continuum Acetabular System, and Trilogy Acetabular System with CPT were collected from several hospitals in the UK. The patients aged from 20 to 97 (n = 5981, 2345 male and 3636 female). Age, gender, body mass index, diagnosis, surgeon grade, cup material, cup size, surgical approach, survival life, complications, and Harris hip scores (HHS) were analyzed in relation to revision status. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the relationship among various factors. The main statistical methods included chi‐square with cross tables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival analysis.

Results

The results in relation to HHS shows that the continuum cup has the best outcome in the postoperative period of 1 and 5 years (1 year = 90.7, 5 years = 91.3; P < 0.001); the Trilogy cup was the second (1 year = 88.4, 5 years = 87.3; P < 0.001); and the ZCA cup was the third (1 year = 84.6, 5 years = 82.4; P < 0.001). However, the Trilogy cup performed the best regarding survival life on revision while the Continuum cup was the worst.

Conclusion

When the CPT stem is combined with different cups, the trilogy cup shows the best characteristics in terms of survival trends with revision ratios compared with the continuum and ZCA cups, and is therefore recommended by this study.
Effect of vitamin D metabolites and gene expression of vitamin D receptor, and 1‐alpha‐hydroxylase related to the sperm quality
Authors: Roussev Bogdan H. , Salim Ayshe S. , Nenkova Galina T. , Barbolov Momchil T. , Nashar Milka A. , Ivanova Diana G. , Sokrateva Todorka D.
Published: June 2023

The incidence of male fertility disorders has increased greatly due to various genetic and lifestyle factors. Recently, it has been hypothesized that vitamin D may be involved with idiopathic infertility. The goal of the study was to determine the effect and relationship between blood vitamin D metabolites, intracellular sperm vitamin D levels, and gene expression of 1‐α‐hydroxylase and VDR, with regard to semen quality. Seventy volunteers aged 25–45 were involved in the study. According to spermogram analysis, participants were stratified into normozoospermic control group, non‐normozoospermic target group, and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group. Vitamin D metabolites (total 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol) in blood and spermatozoa were determined by ELISA. Free and bioavailable 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol were calculated using the Vermeulen equation. mRNA expression of VDR and 1‐α hydroxylase was evaluated by qPCR. Free and bioavailable 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol were significantly higher in the control group compared to the target group and compared to the oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group . Intracellular sperm 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol was higher in the control group compared to the target group. The mRNA levels of 1‐ α‐hydroxylase were significantly higher in the control samples, while VDR expression was significantly higher in the target group. Significant positive correlations were established between free and bioavailable 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol with sperm motility and morphology. Vitamin D metabolites in blood and intracellular sperm 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol seem to exert beneficial effects on sperm motility and morphology. Regarding sperm quality, these effects are more pronounced in the free and bioavailable 25OHD compared to the total 25OHD in blood. Higher expression of 1‐α‐hydroxylase likely leads to higher intracellular levels of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol, which could contribute to sperm motility and morphology. Higher VDR expression may be a compensatory mechanism related to lower intracellular sperm 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Tempering great expectations: The legitimacy constraints and the conflict function of international courts in international climate litigation
Authors: Shams Aref
Published: June 2023

This article challenges the assumptions of viability of international climate litigation. While international climate litigation has recently gained momentum, this article calls for a tempering of expectations on two bases. First, the climate problem is highly polycentric—more so than other environmental problems encountered by international courts. Second, international courts have structural limitations that make it difficult for them to address such highly polycentric problems. While international courts can deal with other environmental problems by balancing the interest of the parties involved, this approach is incongruous with the highly polycentric climate problem. This article demonstrates that international courts may insist upon deploying the same methods in international climate litigation. To do so, the article looks at the basis of the legitimacy of the work of international courts and reassesses their official functions.
Reverse skin aging signs by red light photobiomodulation
Authors: Couturaud Virginie , Le Fur Marie , Pelletier Michele , Granotier Frederic
Published: June 2023

Background

Photobiomodulation is a process by which the absorption of red light energy produces a series of physiological effects at the cellular level such as the enhancement of mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) production, cell signaling and growth factor synthesis, and the reduction of oxidative stress. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) photobiomodulation is an increasingly popular therapy for treating skin problems, especially for reversing the signs of skin aging.

Objective

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a photobiomodulation treatment using red LEDs on the facial skin at a rate of two sessions per week for 3 months. The LED mask used is the Skin Light Dior x Lucibel mask diffusing a cold red light with a wavelength of 630 ± 10 nm and a power of 15.6 J/cm2 for a duration of 12 min.

Method

In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mask in reversing the signs of skin aging, a clinical study was conducted on 20 healthy Caucasian women: the antiwrinkle effect by measuring the depth of the crow's feet wrinkle, the relaxation of the oval of the face by clinical scoring, the firmness and elasticity of the skin by cutometric measurement, the density of the dermis by ultrasound analysis, the smoothness of the skin by measuring the roughness at the cheek, the homogeneity of the complexion by chromametric measurement, the diameter of the pores by macrophotographs and finally the sebo‐regulating effect by measurement of the rate of sebum and quantification of the number of pores containing porphyrin in the subjects presenting a mixed to oily skin. The satisfaction of the volunteers was also evaluated at the end of the study via a self‐questionnaire.

Results

The efficacy results measured after 1, 2, and 3 months of use are progressive and confirm the interest of LED photobiomodulation to reverse the visible signs of skin aging.

All the volunteers observed an overall improvement in skin quality.

Conclusion

All the results observed confirm the interest of using photobiomodulation to reverse the visible signs of aging. These results last for up to 1 month after stopping the use of the mask, which is a sign of lasting structural and functional rejuvenation of the skin.
Toward a Skinnerian interpretivist methodological approach for terrorist propaganda
Authors: Qi Yuanbo , He Jing
Published: June 2023

Objective

This article revisits the prevalent use of content analysis for examining terrorist propaganda in response to the methodological stagnation and aims to propose a novel methodological framework for understanding terrorist propaganda.

Method

Borrowing from Quentin Skinner's intellectual works and using a terrorist propaganda video as our case study, we construct an analytical framework and apply it into practice.

Results

The application of this approach yields and enlightens a prevalent speech act ofinvitingperformed through terrorist propaganda.

Conclusion

We highlight the role of an innovative methodological approach that underscores the role of revolutionary political concepts in legitimizing violent jihadist activities.
Estimating Systemic Cognitive States from a Mixture of Physiological and Brain Signals
Authors: Scheutz Matthias , Aeron Shuchin , Aygun Ayca , de Ruiter J.P. , Fantini Sergio , Fernandez Cristianne , Haga Zachary , Nguyen Thuan , Lyu Boyang
Published: June 2023

As human–machine teams are being considered for a variety of mixed‐initiative tasks, detecting and being responsive to human cognitive states, in particularsystematic cognitive states, is among the most critical capabilities for artificial systems to ensure smooth interactions with humans and high overall team performance. Various human physiological parameters, such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and skin conductance, as well as brain activity inferred from functional near‐infrared spectroscopy or electroencephalogram, have been linked to different systemic cognitive states, such as workload, distraction, or mind–wandering among others. Whether these multimodal signals are indeed sufficient to isolate such cognitive states across individuals performing tasks or whether additional contextual information (e.g., about the task state or the task environment) is required for making appropriate inferences remains an important open problem.

In this paper, we introduce an experimental and machine learning framework for investigating these questions and focus specifically on using physiological and neurophysiological measurements to learn classifiers associated with systemic cognitive states like cognitive load, distraction, sense of urgency, mind wandering, and interference. Specifically, we describe a multitasking interactive experimental setting used to obtain a comprehensive multimodal data set which provided the foundation for a first evaluation of various standard state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques with respect to their effectiveness in inferring systemic cognitive states. While the classification success of these standard methods based on just the physiological and neurophysiological signals across subjects was modest, which is to be expected given the complexity of the classification problem and the possibility that higher accuracy rates might not in general be achievable, the results nevertheless can serve as a baseline for evaluating future efforts to improve classification, especially methods that take contextual aspects such as task and environmental states into account.
Spatially resolved gene regulatory networks in Asian rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) leaves
Authors: Robertson Sean M. , Wilkins Olivia
Published: June 2023

Transcriptome profiles in plants are heterogenous at every level of morphological organization. Even within organs, cells of the same type can have different patterns of gene expression depending on where they are positioned within tissues. This heterogeneity is associated with non‐uniform distribution of biological processes within organs. The regulatory mechanisms that establish and sustain the spatial heterogeneity are unknown. Here, we identify regulatory modules that support functional specialization of different parts of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare leaves by leveraging transcriptome data, transcription factor binding motifs and global gene regulatory network prediction algorithms. We generated a global gene regulatory network in which we identified six regulatory modules that were active in different parts of the leaf. The regulatory modules were enriched for genes involved in spatially relevant biological processes, such as cell wall deposition, environmental sensing and photosynthesis. Strikingly, more than 86.9% of genes in the network were regulated by members of only five transcription factor families. We also generated targeted regulatory networks for the large MYB and bZIP/bHLH families to identify interactions that were masked in the global prediction. This analysis will provide a baseline for future single cell and array‐based spatial transcriptome studies and for studying responses to environmental stress and demonstrates the extent to which seven coarse spatial transcriptome analysis can provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms supporting functional specialization within leaves.
Associations of donor, component, and recipient factors on hemoglobin increments following red blood cell transfusion in very low birth weight infants
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Plimier Colleen , Goel Ruchika , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Patel Ravi M. , Sola‐Visner Martha , Roubinian Nareg H.
Published: June 2023

Background

Anemia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is common and frequently managed with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. We utilized a linked vein‐to‐vein database to assess the role of blood donors and component factors on measures of RBC transfusion effectiveness in VLBW infants.

Study Design and Methods

We linked blood donor and component manufacturing data with VLBW infants transfused RBCs between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016 in the Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS III) database. Using multivariable regression, hemoglobin increments and subsequent transfusion events following single‐unit RBC transfusion episodes were examined with consideration of donor, component, and recipient factors.

Results

Data on VLBW infants (n = 254) who received one or more single‐unit RBC transfusions (n = 567 units) were linked to donor demographic and component manufacturing characteristics for analysis. Reduced post‐transfusion hemoglobin increments were associated with RBC units donated by female donors (−0.24 g/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.57, −0.02]; p = .04) and donors <25 years old (−0.57 g/dL [95% CI −1.02, −0.11]; p = .02). For RBC units donated by male donors, reduced donor hemoglobin levels were associated with an increased need for subsequent recipient RBC transfusion (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.3, 6.7]; p < .01). In contrast, component characteristics, storage duration, and time from irradiation to transfusion were not associated with post‐transfusion hemoglobin increments.

Conclusion

Donor sex, age, and hemoglobin levels were associated with measures of RBC transfusion effectiveness in VLBW infants. Mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the role of these potential donor factors on other clinical outcomes in VLBW infants.
On the u∞-torsion submodule of prismatic cohomology
Authors: Li Shizhang , Liu Tong
Published: June 2023

We investigate the maximal finite length submodule of the Breuil–Kisin prismatic cohomology of a smooth proper formal scheme over a $p$-adic ring of integers. This submodule governs pathology phenomena in integral $p$-adic cohomology theories. Geometric applications include a control, in low degrees and mild ramifications, of (1) the discrepancy between two naturally associated Albanese varieties in characteristic $p$, and (2) the kernel of the specialization map in $p$-adic étale cohomology. As an arithmetic application, we study the boundary case of the theory due to Fontaine and Laffaille, Fontaine and Messing, and Kato. Also included is an interesting example, generalized from a construction in Bhatt, Morrow and Scholze's work, which illustrates some of our theoretical results being sharp, and negates a question of Breuil.
Factors Affecting the Attraction of Visitors from the Agricultural Education Tour in the Tani Belimbing Group, Artha Mandiri, Tulungagung District, Indonesian Country
Authors: Romadi Ugik , Yana Hamyana , Yastutik Yastutik , Rohman Mochlisin Fatkur
Published: June 2023

Tourism is an important and most developed sector in the current era in supporting a country's economic growth. The tourism industry is currently able to produce products and services that are able to meet the needs of tourists so that tourists have a sense of satisfaction when they come to tourist sites. Tulungagung Regency has enormous potential related to tourist destinations. One of them is the Artha Mandiri Starfruit Farmers Group Agricultural Education Tour. Agricultural education tourism is a tour that prioritizes education or learning related to agriculture for tourist visitors. However, some aspects of educational tourism have not been able to maximize the potential to provide an optimal attraction for tourist visitors. This resulted in a very volatile related to the number of tourist visitors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the attractiveness of tourist visitors. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Determination of the sample of respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that 95% of visitors' attractiveness is in the high category. The factors that can affect the attractiveness of visitors at the location of agricultural education tourism in Tulungagung Regency are tourism material variables, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, services, product quality and tourism concepts.