bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of a co-produced and co-delivered relaxation course for service users and staff at a secure mental health service
Authors: Johnson Lacey M. , Elsegood Kelly E. , Browne Francesca
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to gauge the usefulness of a Recovery College relaxation course for both staff and service users within a secure mental health setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The course compromised of seven stand alone sessions, each teaching a different relaxation skill. Pre- and Post questionnaires were administered comprising of two closed and one open ended questions.

Findings

Participants (n= 49) reported an average decrease of 32% in pre- and post-session tension. Ninety-two percent of evaluative responses endorsed sessions as “worthwhile” and 92% endorsed the relaxation skills as “useful in the future”. Participants described the workshops as “enjoyable” and “relaxing”.

Practical implications

In the spirit of Recovery Colleges, the course offers the opportunity for individuals with lived experience to participate in the production and delivery of interventions. Improving both staff and service user well-being is cost-effective and may help to normalise and de-stigmatise difficulties with stress and anxiety.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this appears to be the first evaluation of a co-produced and co-delivered relaxation course for both staff and service users within inpatient mental health settings. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of a novel intervention to improve staff and service user well-being.
Readdressing accountability for occupational health and safety in a pandemic era
Authors: Parker Lee , Narayanan Venkateshwaran
Published: February 2022

Purpose

In the Covid-19 pandemic era, corporate responsibility and accountability for maintaining employee health and safety, particularly from this pernicious virus, have become a matter of major social and economic importance. From an accountability through action perspective, this study aims to set out to evaluate the potential occupational health and safety accountability consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based upon purposive sampling of several sets of publicly available data including published research literature addressing corporate social responsibility and accountability, and the literature more specifically addressing occupational health and safety (OHS) and its reporting. Also included are recent Web-based reports and articles concerning Covid-19-related OHS government and industry sponsored guidelines for employers and their workplaces across the UK and Australia.

Findings

The findings of this research highlight that firstly, the extant literature on OHS has been predominantly functionalist in its approach and that accountability through action provides an opportunity to make employers more visibly accountable for their response to Covid-19. Secondly, the paper highlights that despite recent progress on OHS issues significant concerns remained in the pre-Covid-19 era and that emerging regulations and legal obligations on employees have the potential to make OHS issues a prominent part of corporate social responsibility research.

Originality/value

Disease and mental health statistics reveal the potential significance of their expansion in the Covid-19 environment, and regulatory and legal liability concerns emerge as potential drivers of renewed corporate as well as researcher attention to OHS issues. Implications for the emergence of a broader range of accountability forms and visibilities are also canvassed.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and narcissism: a meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Ngoc , Takahashi Yoshi , Nham Tuan Phong
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and narcissism, including its possible moderators.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta-analytic investigation of 32 studies was conducted to check hypotheses. Both uncorrected sample-size-weighted and corrected sample-size-weighted mean correlation coefficients were calculated. Meta-regression was used to assess moderation from EI and narcissism measures.

Findings

The results indicated that the relationship between EI and narcissism varied, depending on how EI and narcissism were constructed and measured. Specifically, EI was positively related to grandiose narcissism (GN) and negatively related to vulnerable narcissism (VN). EI was also positively correlated with “composite measures” of narcissism when the measures focused on GN, and negatively correlated when the measures focused on VN. Furthermore, some EI and narcissism measures moderated the correlation between EI and narcissism.

Originality/value

The current study enriches theory by synthesizing the literature to examine whether, and under which conditions, EI fosters or inhibits narcissism. By using the self-regulatory process of narcissism, carefully considering the multifaceted nature of narcissism and updating more data in the meta-analysis, this study contributes to explaining the inconsistency in the relationship between EI and narcissism.
The value relevance of sustainability reporting: does assurance and the type of assurer matter?
Authors: Thompson Ephraim Kwashie , Ashimwe Olivier , Buertey Samuel , Kim So-Yeun
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between sustainability reporting and firm value, and subsequently, ascertains the moderating effect of assurance and the type of assurer on the sustainability reporting–firm value nexus.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on sample firms from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa. The fixed‐effect panel data analysis method is used to estimate the coefficients of the variables.

Findings

A significant positive relationship is found between sustainability reporting and firm value. The results also suggest that sustainability assurance has significant explanatory power on firm value. Furthermore, the authors found that the market is unable to distinguish between sustainability assurance services provided by Big 4 audit firms and specialist consultant firms.

Practical implications

The authors expect managers will see sustainability reporting and assurance as a business strategy with incremental market value. The study should also serve as a reference for stakeholders engaged in the advocacy for the adoption of sustainability assurance practices on the JSE and other emerging markets.

Social implications

The study finds that the South African market rewards firms that purchase third-party assurance to guarantee the integrity of their corporate social responsibility reports. This understanding could help encourage more firms to embrace the concept of sustainability assurance.

Originality/value

The study offers a first-hand information on how market participants in Johannesburg, an emerging economy, view sustainability assurance and the services provided by the different assurers.
Outpatient care fragmentation in Veterans Affairs patients at high‐risk for hospitalization
Authors: Zulman Donna M. , Greene Liberty , Slightam Cindie , Singer Sara J. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Goldstein Mary K. , Vanneman Megan E. , Yoon Jean , Trivedi Ranak B. , Wagner Todd , Asch Steven M. , Boothroyd Derek
Published: February 2022

Objective

To examine outpatient care fragmentation and its association with future hospitalization among patients at high risk for hospitalization.

Data Sources

Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare data.

Study Design

We conducted a longitudinal study, using logistic regression to examine how outpatient care fragmentation in FY14 (as measured by number of unique providers, Breslau's Usual Provider of Care (UPC), Bice‐Boxerman's Continuity of Care Index (COCI), and Modified Modified Continuity Index (MMCI)) was associated with all‐cause hospitalizations and hospitalizations related to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) in FY15. We also examined how fragmentation varied by patient's age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, rural status, history of homelessness, number of chronic conditions, Medicare utilization, and mental health care utilization.

Data Extraction Methods

We extracted data for 130,704 VA patients ≥65 years old with a hospitalization risk ≥90th percentile and ≥ four outpatient visits in the baseline year.

Principal Findings

The mean (SD) of FY14 outpatient visits was 13.2 (8.6). Fragmented care (more providers, less care with a usual provider, more dispersed care based on COCI) was more common among patients with more chronic conditions and those receiving mental health care. In adjusted models, most fragmentation measures were not associated with all‐cause hospitalization, and patients with low levels of fragmentation (more concentrated care based on UPC, COCI, and MMCI) had a higher likelihood of an ACSC‐related hospitalization (AOR, 95% CI = 1.21 (1.09‐1.35), 1.27 (1.14‐1.42), and 1.28 (1.18‐1.40), respectively).

Conclusions

Contrary to expectations, outpatient care fragmentation was not associated with elevated all‐cause hospitalization rates among VA patients in the top 10th percentile for risk of admission; in fact, fragmented care was linked to lower rates of hospitalization for ACSCs. In integrated settings such as the VA, multiple providers, and dispersed care might offer access to timely or specialized care that offsets risks of fragmentation, particularly for conditions that are sensitive to ambulatory care.
Large‐brained birds display lower extra‐pair paternity
Authors: LIU Yating , WU Zhengjun , LIAO Wenbo
Published: February 2022

Extra‐pair paternity (EPP) benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra‐pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental care in females among species of birds. Variations in the EPP appear to link to behavioral and ecological factors and sexual selection. According to the “relationship intelligence hypothesis”, the cognitive abilities of the birds play an important role in maintaining long‐term relationships. Here, we undertook the first comparative test of the relationships between extra‐pair paternity and brain size, testis size, and life histories among 315 species of birds using phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses and path analysis. After controlling for the effects of shared ancestry and body mass, the frequency of EPP was negatively correlated with relative brain size, but positively with testis size across species of birds. However, the frequency of EPP was not linked to life‐history traits (e.g. incubation period, fledging period, clutch size, egg mass, and longevity). Our findings suggest that large‐brained birds associated with enhanced cognitive abilities are more inclined to maintain long‐term stable relationships with their mates and to mutualism with them than to increase the frequency of EPP.
Measuring Trends in Western Water Prices
Authors: Burns J. Beau , Payne Matthew , Smith Mark Griffin , Landry Clay
Published: February 2022

This study updates analysis of western water markets with data from thirteen river basins in eight states based on analysis of over 7,000 transactions from 2002 to 2019. We take a new approach to characterizing the time trend in prices across basins by estimating hedonic price indices. In doing so, we do not attempt to explain how prices are determined but rather to characterize general price movements across the region. There have been nine widely cited analyses of trends in western water rights prices and trading. Since 2010, when Stratecon ceased publishing theWater Strategist, no one has extended this time series until now (Stratecon Inc. Accessed January 25, 2021). Researchers, planners, and investors remain keenly interested in water markets, but limited historic data are available on general water right price trends and volatility. Understanding general price movements over time help to fill this gap. Our analysis confirms the findings of earlier studies that urban buyers systematically pay premium prices relative to agricultural or environmental buyers, and that prices vary significantly within basins, across basins and states, and over time. Results from the pooled‐period method indicate an annual rate of appreciation of around 2.8% and results from the adjacent‐period method indicate a rate of 5.1%. Both methods suggest that water right prices from 2002 to 2019 have increased at a rate similar to the general price level.
Scotch on the Rocks: Literary Identity and Linguistic Anxiety in Enlightenment Scotland
Authors: McLean Mark
Published: February 2022

The Enlightenment literati of Scotland were confronted with a linguistic conundrum. In order to be accepted on an equal footing by English critics, they recognised the need to conform their language precisely to the ‘polite’ model of their southern neighbours. But many also realised that national dignity required that such conformity should not appear servile. The resulting tension led not only to friction between the Scots themselves but also to an anxiety which constituted a crisis of identity. An analysis of the conceptual context of ‘Scotticisms’ in correspondence and publications of the time allows some insight into an uneasy component of Enlightenment identity.
Identité du moi et identité du philosophe: Rousseau dans le miroir de Socrate
Authors: Waksman Vera
Published: February 2022

The figure of Socrates is ubiquitous in Rousseau’s work and represents the role of philosophy as well as the place of the philosopher in the city. This article first examines Rousseau’s various identifications with the Athenian philosopher in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences and Discourse on Inequality via different topoi typical of the Socratic‐Platonic philosophy. Although Rousseau initially identifies with Socrates directly, he quickly begins to establish some distance. Later, Socrates and the philosophical pursuit of truth are set aside in favour of the figure of Jesus and a less rational truth. Some have seen this as the end of Rousseau’s identification with the Greek philosopher. Here, however, we maintain that the identification with Socrates and the reflection on the role of the philosopher continue in Rousseau’s autobiographical writings where he constructs a new identification, this time inverted, with the philosopher.
The effect of perioperative blood transfusion thresholds on patient outcomes in orthopaedic surgery: a literature review
Authors: Pietris James
Published: February 2022

Blood transfusions are one of the most common interventions required perioperatively in orthopaedic patients. There exist two main schools of thought in relation to perioperative blood transfusion – transfusing at a haemoglobin level of 70 g/L or below (termed ‘restrictive protocol’ in the literature), versus transfusing at a haemoglobin threshold of 100 g/L (which the literature terms ‘liberal’). Few reviews of the literature exist comparing the impact of different transfusion strategies on the postoperative outcomes of these orthopaedic patients. This review analyses the 11 currently available studies on transfusion protocols in orthopaedics and associated findings related to patient outcomes. The literature showed no clear consensus on whether one transfusion protocol is superior in the orthopaedic patient. There was strong evidence for reduced transfusion rates among groups receiving transfusion at <70 g/L, and hence a reduction in complication directly related to transfusions. Despite this, other measured patient outcomes, including length of stay, postoperative complication rate, and mortality rate, were unchanged between the groups. Some evidence exists that a Hb threshold of 100 g/L results in earlier postoperative ambulation in hip surgery patients. One study suggests using preoperative haemoglobin as a preoperative risk factor to aid in determining whether patients are more suited to one approach over the other. Further high‐quality clinical trials in orthopaedic cohorts must become available to determine whether a haemoglobin threshold of 70 g/L can safely be adopted to reduce transfusion rates without adversely impacting patient outcomes.
The Generalized Fisher's Combination and AccurateP-Value Calculation under Dependence
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wu Zheyang
Published: February 2022

Combining dependent tests of significance has broad applications but the related p-value calculation is challenging. For Fisher's combination test, current p-value calculation methods (eg, Brown's approximation) tend to inflate the type I error rate when the desired significance level is substantially less than 0.05. The problem could lead to significant false discoveries in big data analyses. This paper provides two main contributions. First, it presents a general family of Fisher type statistics, referred to as the GFisher, which covers many classic statistics, such as Fisher's combination, Good's statistic, Lancaster's statistic, weighted Z-score combination, and so forth. The GFisher allows a flexible weighting scheme, as well as an omnibus procedure that automatically adapts proper weights and the statistic-defining parameters to a given data. Second, the paper presents several new p-value calculation methods based on two novel ideas: moment-ratio matching and joint-distribution surrogating. Systematic simulations show that the new calculation methods are more accurate under multivariate Gaussian, and more robust under the generalized linear model and the multivariate t-distribution. The applications of the GFisher and the new p-value calculation methods are demonstrated by a gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-set association study. Relevant computation has been implemented to an R package GFisher available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network.
How does insecure attachment lead to paranoia? A systematic critical review of cognitive, affective, and behavioural mechanisms
Authors: Sood Monica , Carnelley Katherine B. , Newman‐Taylor Katherine
Published: February 2022

Background

The relationship between attachment and paranoia is now well established. There is good theoretical reason and evidence to indicate that attachment style affects cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes which, in turn, contribute to the maintenance of paranoia, but this research has not been integrated. We critically and systematically review research that examines relevant cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes, which may explain how attachment insecurity leads to paranoia and constitute key targets in psychotherapeutic interventions for people with psychosis.

Method

We conducted three systematic searches across six databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar), from inception to September 2021, to investigate key cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes in the attachment–paranoia association.

Results

We identified a total of 1930 papers and critically reviewed 16. The literature suggests that negative self‐ and other‐beliefs, inability to defuse from unhelpful cognitions, and use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the association between attachment insecurity and paranoia in people with psychosis/psychotic experience. Attachment‐secure people with psychosis are more likely to seek help and engage with services than attachment‐insecure people.

Conclusions

Attachment styles impact help‐seeking behaviours in people with psychosis and are likely to influence paranoia via self‐ and other‐beliefs, cognition fusion, and emotion regulation – these candidate mechanisms may be targeted in psychological therapy to improve clinical outcomes for people with psychosis, characterized by paranoia.

Practitioner points

Insecure attachment is likely to lead to paranoia via negative beliefs about self and others, cognitive fusion, and use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. These mechanisms can be targeted in psychotherapeutic interventions for psychosis, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, to improve clinical and recovery outcomes.

People with psychosis who are attachment‐secure are more likely to seek help and engage with services than those who are attachment‐insecure (particularly avoidant). Attachment style can be assessed to predict service engagement and help‐seeking behaviours in people with psychosis.

Attachment styles are important predictors of key cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes in people with psychosis. These processes can be assessed and incorporated into individualised formulations, and then targeted in therapy to effect psychotherapeutic change.
Editorial Perspective: The digital divide – inequalities in remote therapy for children and adolescents
Authors: Aisbitt Georgina M. , Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter
Published: February 2022

COVID‐19 has triggered a shift towards remote delivery of therapy and, despite a number of benefits, it risks discriminating against young people already marginalised due to adverse early life experiences, poverty or ethnicity. This editorial perspective considers challenges for remote therapy, focusing on: the financial burden of telehealth; the necessity of safety to speak; and, how telehealth may exacerbate difficulties in therapeutic alliance formation by interfering with epistemic trust and mentalising. As well as compounding the inaccessibility for children who are subject to abuse, the implicit assumptions behind telehealth risk disproportionately excluding from therapy those from a low socioeconomic status, and who are from ethnic minorities. Suggestions are made for how these challenges may be addressed. It is argued that service design and delivery should seek to proceed with the practicalities and principles of engagement in mind and use this as an opportunity to improve parity of access, rather than risk further entrenching inequalities.
The link between menin and pleiotrophin in the tumor biology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: He Liping , Boulant Steeve , Stanifer Megan , Guo Cuncai , Nießen Anna , Chen Mingyi , Felix Klaus , Bergmann Frank , Strobel Oliver , Schimmack Simon
Published: February 2022

MEN1, which encodes menin protein, is the most frequently mutated gene in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN). Pleiotrophin (PTN) has been reported as a downstream factor of menin that promotes metastasis in different tumor entities. In this study, the effect of menin and its link to PTN were assessed using features of pNEN cells and the outcome of patients with pNEN. The expression levels of menin and PTN in tissues from patients with pNEN were examined using qRT‐PCR and western blot and compared with their metastasis status. Functional assays, including transwell migration/invasion and scratch wound‐healing assays, were performed on specifically designed CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated MEN1‐knockout (MEN1‐KO) pNEN cell lines (BON1MEN1‐KO and QGP1MEN1‐KO) to study the metastasis of pNEN. Among 30 patients with menin‐negative pNEN, 21 revealed a strong protein expression of PTN. This combination was associated with metastasis and shorter disease‐free survival. Accordingly, in BON1MEN1‐KO and QGP1MEN1‐KO cells, PTN protein expression was positively associated with enhanced cell migration and invasion, which could be reversed using PTN silencing. PTN is a predicting factor of metastatic behavior of menin‐deficient‐pNEN. In vitro, menin is able to both promote and suppress the metastasis of pNEN by regulating PTN expression depending on the tumoral origin of pNEN cells.
TRAF6 regulates the signaling pathway influencing colorectal cancer function through ubiquitination mechanisms
Authors: Guangwei Zhu , Zhibin Cheng , Qin Wang , Chunlin Lin , Penghang Lin , Ruofan He , Hui Chen , Hoffman Robert M. , Jianxin Ye
Published: February 2022

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor‐6 (TRAF6) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase. TRAF6 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the specific mechanism by which TRAF6 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is incompletely understood. This study aimed to determine whether TRAF6 affects the LPS‐NF‐κB‐VEGF‐C signaling pathway through ubiquitination, which plays a role in colorectal cancer metastasis. Here, our results showed that TRAF6 affected lymphangiogenesis through the LPS‐NF‐κB‐VEGF‐C signaling pathway. Using ubiquitination experiments, we found that TRAF6 was mainly ubiquitinated with the K63‐linked chains, and LPS promoted ubiquitination of TRAF6 and K63‐linked chains. More importantly, TRAF6 124mut is the main ubiquitination site of TRAF6 interacting with K63‐linked chains. TRAF6 affected the migration, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis of colorectal cancer through its ubiquitination. In subcutaneous xenograft models, TRAF6 124mut inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insight for studying the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer to promote cancer metastasis, which may provide new ideas for tumor immunotherapy.
Elucidating the level of developmental risk in a busy paediatric practice clinic from a middle‐income country
Authors: Çelen Yoldaş Tuba , Şenkon Oben Gözde , Karakaya Jale , Özmert Elif Nursel
Published: February 2022

Background

Identifying young children with serious developmental concerns is a common challenge in paediatric settings around the world. Elucidating parental concerns about their children's development is a useful predictor of developmental status. The aim of this study is to elucidate the level of developmental risk in a busy outpatient paediatric clinic using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and observe the associated factors in a middle‐income country.

Methods

Parents attending a medical appointment for their children in a paediatric outpatient clinic were asked to complete the PEDS and a questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic details. A total of 151 parents were eligible to participate in the study. Parents also rated the ease of completion of the test with the response options being ‘difficult, a little difficult, easy, very easy’.

Results

In our total sample, 9.3% (n = 14) were at high risk, 16.6% (n = 25) were at moderate risk and the remainder were at low/no risk. Being at high or moderate risk (25.8%, n = 39) was higher in male gender (p = 0.046) and older age children (p = 0.004). Hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit longer than 3 days, maternal employment status/housewife, long duration of screen viewing were independent risk factors significantly associated with high or moderate risk in multivariable analyses. Among the participants, 98.7% of parents reported that the PEDS was easy or very easy to complete in the clinical setting.

Conclusion

In this study, in a cosmopolitan city of a middle‐income country, a quarter of children were observed to be at high or moderate risk. The findings highlight the importance of elucidating the prevalence of developmental concerns among the population to enable families to access universal high‐quality early childhood services.
Dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Xie Wenqiang , Shen Jie , Wang Dikan , Guo Junyi , Li Qunxing , Wen Shuqiong , Dai Wenxiao , Wen Liling , Lu Huanzi , Fang Juan , Wang Zhi
Published: February 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis.

Materials and Methods

Mice were randomly divided into 4NQO group and control group. The exhaustion features of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of both groups were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of inhibitory receptors in human normal, dysplastic, and carcinogenesis tissues. Finally, anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment was performed at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis.

Results

The proportion of naive T cells in 4NQO group was lower than those in control group, while the proportion of effector memory T cells was higher in 4NQO group. The expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased gradually during carcinogenesis. In contrast, the secretion of cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased gradually with the progression stage. Strikingly, those changes occurred before the onset of oral carcinogenesis. The expression of inhibitory receptors on T cells increased gradually as the human tissues progressed from normal, dysplasia to carcinoma. Interestingly, PD‐1 blockade at the early premalignant phase could reverse carcinogenesis progression by restoring T cell function.

Conclusions

T‐cell dysfunction was established at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis; PD‐1 blockade at the early premalignant phase can effectively reverse T‐cell exhaustion features and then prevent carcinogenesis progression.
Intoxication related to substances use in patients presenting to Ain Shams University Poisoning Treatment Center, Cairo, Egypt (2015–2019)
Authors: Azab Sonya M. S. , Tawfik Hany , Hayes Bryan D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Illicit drug use may result in several emergencies. Hospital emergency data can help to detect new patterns of substance use and high‐risk trends of drug use. This epidemiological study aimed to investigate the pattern and outcome of cases with substance use intoxication who presented to Ain Shams University Poisoning Treatment Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Methods

This retrospective study included all cases of acute intoxication due to use/misuse of substances who presented to the centre during the period (2015–2019).

Results

The study included 11 281 cases; young adults (aged 20–40 years) represented the greatest proportion of cases (6519, 57.8%). Males were the predominant gender in all age groups (representing 79.2% of the cases). Tramadol was the most common substance of exposure in all age groups except for children and adolescents where cannabis was the most common one. There were 162 fatalities (1.4% of all cases) and opioids had the greatest case fatality rate.

Discussion and Conclusions

Tramadol was the most used drug that resulted in acute intoxication, followed by cannabis. A total of 43.6% of the cases of acute intoxications were due to recreational use/misuse of prescription drugs.
Advanced endoscopic gastric defect closure: Preventive effects on post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection bleeding
Authors: Kobara Hideki , Fujihara Shintaro
Published: February 2022

This Editorial refers to the article by T. Akimoto et al., p 123‐132 of the issue DEN 34:1.
Endoscopic resection for superficial duodenal epithelial tumors: Injection, no injection, or partial injection?
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Kakushima Naomi
Published: February 2022

This Editorial refers to the article by Y. Takatori et al., p 535‐542 of this issue
Assessment and validation of a novel fast fully automated artificial intelligence left ventricular ejection fraction quantification software
Authors: Samtani Rajeev , Bienstock Solomon , Lai Ashton C. , Liao Steve , Baber Usman , Croft Lori , Stern Eric , Beerkens Frans , Ting Peter , Goldman Martin E.
Published: February 2022

Background

Quantification of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is operator‐dependent, time‐consuming, and error‐prone. LVivoEF by DIA is a new artificial intelligence (AI) software, which displays the tracking of endocardial borders and rapidly quantifies LVEF. We sought to assess the accuracy of LVivoEF compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) as the reference standard and to compare LVivoEF to the standard‐of‐care physician‐measured LVEF (MD‐EF) including studies with ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs).

Methods

In 273 consecutive patients, we compared MD‐EF and AI‐derived LVEF to cMRI. AI‐derived LVEF was obtained from a non‐UEA four‐chamber view without manual correction. Thirty‐one patients were excluded: 25 had interval interventions or incomplete TTE or cMRI studies and six had uninterpretable non‐UEA apical views.

Results

In the 242 subjects, the correlation between AI and cMRI was r = .890, similar to MD‐EF and cMRI with r = .891 (p = 0.48). Of the 126 studies performed with UEAs, the correlation of AI using the unenhanced four‐chamber view was r = .89, similar to MD‐EF with r = .90. In the 116 unenhanced studies, AI correlation was r = .87, similar to MD‐EF with r = .84. From Bland‐Altman analysis, LVivoEF underreported the LVEF with a bias of 3.63 ± 7.40% EF points compared to cMRI while MD‐EF to cMRI had a bias of .33 ± 7.52% (p = 0.80).

Conclusions

Compared to cMRI, LVivoEF can accurately quantify LVEF from a standard apical four‐chamber view without manual correction. Thus, LVivoEF has the ability to improve and expedite LVEF quantification.
Application of the maximum threshold distances to reduce gene flow frequency in the coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM maize
Authors: Hu Ning , Hu Ji‐chao , Jiang Xiao‐dong , Xiao Wei , Yao Ke‐min , Li Liang , Li Xin‐hai , Pei Xin‐wu
Published: February 2022

On the coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM maize, the isolation distance plays an important role in controlling the transgenic flow. In this study, maize gene flow model was used to quantify the MTD0.1% and MTD1% in the main maize‐planting regions of China; those were the maximum threshold distance for the gene flow frequency equal to or lower than 1% and 0.1%. The model showed that the extreme MTD1% and MTD0.1% were 187 and 548 m, respectively. The regions of northern China and the coastal plain, including Hainan crop winter‐season multiplication base, showed a significantly high risk for maize gene flow, while the west‐south of China was the largest low‐risk areas. Except for a few sites, the isolation distance of 500 m could yield a seed purity of better than 0.1% and meet the production needs of breeder seeds. The parameters of genetic competitiveness (cp) were introduced to assess the effects of hybrid compatibility between the donor and recipient. The results showed that hybrid incompatibility could minimize the risk. When cp = 0.05, MTD1% and MTD0.1% could be greatly reduced within 19 m and 75 m. These data were helpful to provide scientific data to set the isolation distance between GM and non‐GM maize and select the right place to produce the hybrid maize seeds.
Monitoring global fishing activity in proximity to seamounts using automatic identification systems
Authors: Kerry Christopher R. , Exeter Owen M. , Witt Matthew J.
Published: February 2022

Seamounts are prominent features of the seafloor that are often located in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJs). Whilst comprehensive biological information is lacking on most of these features, they have been recognised for hosting high biodiversity across multiple trophic levels. Technological advancements have enabled greater exploitation of biological resources further offshore with increasing concern over the long‐term impacts of anthropogenic activities on vulnerable distant and deep‐sea habitats. Analysis ofex situvessel tracking technologies such as Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) have enabled spatial patterns of fishing activity to be monitored over large geographical areas. In this study, analysis of fishing activity within 30 km of seamount summits at the global scale found that these features within the waters of the Pacific Island Group and the Mediterranean Sea were subject to the highest levels of longlining and trawling activities respectively. Fishing in proximity to seamounts is dominated by the flag states of Taiwan, China, Japan, South Korea and Spain. Furthermore, our results reveal that the majority of sea areas managed by many Regional Fishery Management Organisations (RFMOs) have experienced increased fishing activity at seamounts compared to areas in the same ocean basin without management. This study demonstrates how free web‐accessible data can be used to gain insights into remote areas wherein situresearch is prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging.
Long‐term interannual variability in larval dispersal and connectivity of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) around Ireland: When supply‐side matters
Authors: McGeady Ryan , Lordan Colm , Power Anne Marie
Published: February 2022

Dispersal of meroplankton larvae in the ocean is a key process which determines larval supply to areas of suitable habitat and enables connectivity between populations, particularly for nonmigratory species. Our objective was to use a biophysical larval transport model to create a time series (2000–2019) of larval retention, dispersal distance and connectivity estimates for the commercially important Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) on mud grounds off Ireland. Where time series of population estimates were sufficiently long to conduct analysis, we also investigated if larval dispersal indices could be used to predict variations in adult density, after a lag period, hypothesising that this would only apply to grounds with consistently low larval supply. Grounds off Ireland had varying characteristics related to their ability to retain and exchange larvae which was influenced by the local hydrodynamic regime and spatial isolation from other grounds. Larval supply was consistently low on the Aran grounds to the west of Ireland, which have experienced abundance declines in the past. The time series of modelled larval dispersal indices at the Aran grounds was linked to empirical adult burrow densities with a 3‐year lag. Whereas the western Irish Sea, which has consistently high larval supply, showed no such relationship. Models can provide important larval recruitment information early in the life cycle for species of commercial or conservation importance.
ERNST TOLLER'S LETTERS FROM EXILE, 1933–1939
Authors: Schuchter Veronika
Published: February 2022

This article examines Toller's experiences in exile, with particular attention given to the genre of letters. Based on his correspondence from exile, the paper aims to trace the disparity in Ernst Toller's experience of life away from his homeland, focusing on his time in New York but also comparing it to the other locations: London and Hollywood. The editing of his letters has shown that Toller's experience of exile differed greatly from that of other German expatriates. There is no evidence that New York became a new home to him; neither topography nor people are described in detail. He hardly ever writes about his everyday life, and neither the content nor the style of his letters shows any significant difference from those written before his exile. This may of course be due to the fact that Toller's life was a succession of extreme situations: war, imprisonment, political persecution and separation. In conclusion, the article also discusses the Briefe aus dem Gefängnis, published in 1935, and argues that, not least because of their publication context and their paratext, they also sit within the context of the exile experience and represent an engaged commentary on the National Socialists’ seizure of power in Germany.
Just because it don't look heavy, don't mean it ain't: An intersectional analysis of Black women's labor as faculty during COVID
Authors: Porter Christa J. , Boss Ginny Jones , Davis Tiffany J.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of our scholarly personal narrative was to examine how COVID‐19 and an increased awareness of anti‐Blackness in the United States have exacerbated our labor as Black women faculty, with particular focus on teaching and service responsibilities. Dill and Zambrana's (2009) four theoretical interventions of intersectionality guided our study, and we situated our composite narratives within structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal power domains. Our four composite narratives included (1) Interest convergence, there is no real true investment in change; (2) Institutional intent versus impact, I don't know how it will be incorporated; (3) Perpetuation of Black women's labor, just because it don't look heavy, don't mean it ain't; and (4) Reclaiming my time, and it's not because I don't like them, but it's because I love me. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Europe's post‐pandemic internationalisation: Challenges and possibilities in a decidedly networked future
Authors: Ferencz Irina , Rumbley Laura E.
Published: February 2022

Several specific characteristics have affected the way the European higher education sector has responded to the multiple crises engendered by the pandemic and will help shape the post‐pandemic picture in relation to internationalisation. Mobility, internationalisation at home, and the region's social responsibility agenda are areas that have been both particularly affected by the pandemic and will be of ongoing importance in the post‐pandemic era. Meanwhile, the increasing prevalence of strategic actorhood in helping to define the profiles of European higher education institutions (HEIs) has a direct bearing on how HEIs have been navigating the circumstances presented by the pandemic. Affiliation with meta‐organisations, and collaboration through (strategic) partnerships and alliances (particularly in the form of the newly launched European Universities) have emerged as important avenues for institutional development and strategic action. Networked approaches—with an array of challenges and opportunities embedded in these collaborations—will play a key role in the future of internationalisation in Europe.
Facilitators and barriers of women's participation in HIV clinical research in Switzerland: A qualitative study
Authors: Courvoisier Nelly , Storari Chiara , Lesage Saphir , Vittoz Lucie , Barbieux Charlotte , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle , Gilles Ingrid , Calmy Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Women are underrepresented in most HIV clinical trials in Western countries, but their participation remains crucial as the lack of information on sex‐ and gender‐specific effects may hinder the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral treatments. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of women's participation in HIV clinical trials in Switzerland.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews among 20 women with HIV to explore factors associated with non‐participation in clinical trials. The interviewer presented to participants a clinical trial's description and discussed it with them. Lexicometric analysis on transcribed interviews identified three themes and eight sub‐themes related to the pros and cons of participation in HIV clinical trials.

Results

Participants evoked mainly decision‐making drivers, concerns for women living with HIV and treatment side‐effects. They highlighted the need for extensive information provided by trusted healthcare professionals on the research process as central to the decision to enrol in HIV clinical trials. Familial responsibilities were clearly identified as barriers to their participation, but not pregnancy. Additional preoccupations were other health concerns and comorbidities and the consequences of stopping ongoing antiretroviral treatments.

Conclusions

To overcome the barriers to the participation of women living with HIV in clinical research in Western countries, healthcare professionals and researchers should increase women's research literacy by involving them in the study design and by tailoring clinical trials to their social roles and health concerns. Trust in professionals is a facilitator of enrolment of women living with HIV that should be maintained.
Synergetic effect of petit‐high pressure carbon dioxide combined with cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) essential oil against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Niu Liyuan , Zhang Yilin , Jie Mingsha , Cheng Yingxin , Xiang Qisen , Zhang Zhijian , Bai Yanhong
Published: February 2022

This work aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of petit‐high pressure carbon dioxide (p‐HPCD) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) essential oil (CEO) against Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed synergetic antibacterial activity of p‐HPCD and CEO. After treatment with p‐HPCD and CEO with a final concentration of 0.03125% under 1.3 MPa at 30 °C for 5 h, the population of S. typhimurium was decreased by 6.22 log10 CFU/mL, significantly higher than p‐HPCD or CEO alone. The combined treatment induced severe cellular changes in S. typhimurium, including cell membrane disruption, decreased intracellular protein and ATP, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, p‐HPCD + CEO treatment significantly inhibited the expression of virulence genes including fliC, hilA, invI and ssrA, indicating that p‐HPCD + CEO can reduce the production of virulence factors in S. typhimurium. This study provides a new approach to the application of p‐HPCD and CEO in food processing and preservation.
The combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde reduces the survival and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes on autoclaved chicken breast
Authors: Liang Siwei , Hu Xinyi , Wang Ruifei , Fang Meimei , Yu Yigang , Xiao Xinglong
Published: February 2022

Aims

To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of the combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on autoclaved chicken breast.

Methods and Results

In this study, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on autoclaved chicken breast was exposed to the stress of 125 μg/ml thymol and 125 μg/ml cinnamaldehyde, and transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the crucial antibacterial mechanism. According to the results, 1303 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Treated by thymol and cinnamaldehyde in combination, pyrimidine and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis of L. monocytogenes were thwarted which impairs its nucleic acid biosynthesis and intracellular metabolism. The up-regulated DEGs involved in membrane composition and function contributed to membrane repair. Besides, pyruvate catabolism and TCA cycle were restrained which brought about the disturbance of amino acid metabolism. ABC transporters were also perturbed, for instance, the uptake of cysteine, D-methionine, and betaine was activated, while the uptake of vitamin, iron, and carnitine was repressed. Thus, L. monocytogenes tended to activate PTS, glycolysis, glycerol catabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways to obtain energy to adapt to the hostile condition. Noticeably, DEGs involved in virulence factors were totally down-regulated, including genes devoted to encoding flagella, chemotaxis, biofilm formation, internalin as well as virulence gene clusters.

Conclusions

The combination of thymol and cinnamaldehyde is effective to reduce the survival and potential virulence of L. monocytogenes on autoclaved chicken breast.

Significance and Impact of Study

This work contributes to providing theoretical information for the application and optimization of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in ready-to-eat meat products to inhibit L. monocytogenes.
Potential hazards associated with the consumption of Scombridae fish: Infection and toxicity from raw material and processing
Authors: Yemmen Chiraz , Gargouri Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Scombridae fish (tuna, bonito and mackerel) have significant ecological and economic values. They are very appreciated by consumers worldwide for their high-quality flesh and for their high nutritional value. However, consumption of Scombridae fish is potentially hazardous. Indeed, several cases of infections and toxicity linked to the consumption of Scombridae fish as raw, or processed food products have been reported worldwide. In this review, we presented the most common health risks associated with Scombridae fish consumption. Diseases associated with the consumption of these fish are generally infectious or toxic and are caused by biological hazards, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemicals hazards that enter the body through contaminated fish (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, histamine) or by physical contaminants, such as heavy metals. The risks of contamination exist throughout the food chain, from primary production to the preparation of products for consumption.