bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banki komercyjne w Polsce wobec zmian na rynku usług płatniczych
Authors: Iwańczuk-Kaliska Anna
Published: February 2017

Banki komercyjne stają obecnie przed jednym z największych wyzwań dotyczących prowadzenia działalności w obszarze detalicznych rozliczeń pieniężnych. Zmiany na rynku płatności spowodowały, że podmioty te muszą na nowo określić swoje miejsce w procesach realizacji usług płatniczych w skali krajowej i międzynarodowej. Nie ulega bowiem wątpliwości, że z jednej strony banki świadomie opierają świadczenie usług płatniczych na czynnościach realizowanych przez podmioty trzecie w ramach outsourcingu, z drugiej – stają w obliczu rosnącej konkurencji ze strony niebankowych instytucji płatniczych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena działań banków komercyjnych w Polsce w obliczu zmian zachodzących na rynku usług płatniczych. Podjęto w nim próbę weryfikacji hipotezy, iż skuteczność tych działań wymaga zaangażowania całego sektora bankowego. Artykuł został podzielony na kilka części. W pierwszej odniesiono się do roli banków komercyjnych w detalicznych rozliczeniach pieniężnych. Uwzględniono również znaczenie tego obszaru w działalności banków, między innymi w kontekście osiąganych przychodów. W drugiej części skoncentrowano uwagę na pozabankowym rynku usług płatniczych i zachodzących na nim zmianach świadczących o jego rozwoju. Część trzecia obejmuje krótką analizę realnych zagrożeń dla banków w realizacji funkcji rozliczeniowych. W części czwartej odniesiono się do przykładów działań banków komercyjnych w Polsce, które są odpowiedzią na zmiany w pośrednictwie w płatnościach i funkcjonowaniu rynku usług płatniczych. Rozważania zawarte w artykule prowadzą do wniosku, iż zachowanie przez banki funkcjonujące w Polsce kluczowej roli w płatnościach, w kontekście podejmowanych przez nie działań, będzie trudne w obszarze detalicznych usług płatniczych. W świetle procesów globalizacyjnych skuteczność działań wymaga zaangażowania i współpracy sektora bankowego nie tylko w skali krajowej, ale również ponadnarodowej.
Rola kontraktacji w aktywizacji lokalnego rynku pracy
Authors: Kukulak-Dolata Iwona
Published: February 2017

W artykule wyjaśniono istotę kontraktacji w aktywizacji lokalnych rynków pracy w Polsce. Wskazano pozytywne i negatywne skutki dla instytucjonalnej obsługi rynku pracy, które może ona powodować. Podstawę rozważań stanowiły krytyczne studia aktów prawnych regulujących proces kontraktacji w obszarze rynku pracy i studia dostępnej literatury przedmiotu. Opisany model kontraktacji należy traktować jako otwarty, będzie on ewoluował na skutek rezultatów, w zakresie aktywizacji osób bezrobotnych.
Synoptic case study of cyclone Yvette – May 2014
Authors: Degirmendžić Jan
Published: February 2017

This paper analyzes the trajectory of the Mediterranean cyclone Yvette, pressure changes in its center and the evolution of selected meteorological fields during the life cycle of the cyclone. Geopotential, wind and divergence fields in the upper troposphere, vertical velocity, relative vorticity and wind fields in the middle troposphere as well as sea level pressure fields were analyzed. The cyclone lasted 6 days. The central pressure dropped to a minimum of 996 hPa. The biggest deepening rate reached ‒7hPa/12h. The impact of upper and mid-tropospheric circulation on the cyclone activity could be observed especially during cyclogenesis and maximum deepening stage.
Czynniki determinujące zróżnicowanie inwolucji późnovistuliańskich w północno-zachodniej części regionu łódzkiego
Authors: Petera-Zganiacz Joanna
Published: February 2017

Inwolucje obserwowane w osadach czwartorzędowych najczęściej wiązane są z warunkami peryglacjalnymi, pomimo że takie warunki nie są konieczne do rozwoju inwolucji, a ich powstanie najczęściej tłumaczone jest wytworzeniem się układów niestatecznego warstwowania gęstościowego czy działania ciśnienia kriostatycznego lub kriohydrostatycznego. W artykule poddano analizie struktury deformacyjne, jakie utworzyły się w spągu serii organiczno-mineralnej, datowanej na koniec allerödu i młodszy dryas. Wydzielono kilka typów struktur o odmiennych cechach morfologicznych, pogrupowanych jako inwolucje powstałe na skutek przemieszczenia materiału ku dołowi, inwolucje utworzone poprzez przemieszczenie materiału ku górze oraz struktury fałdowe i nieregularne. Przyczyną zróżnicowania inwolucji powstałych w osadach o takich samych cechach strukturalno-teksturalnych oraz tego samego wieku są czynniki "ekstralokalne", do których należą: niewyrównana powierzchnia graniczna między strukturami, niejednorodność litologiczna jednej z warstw biorących udział w deformacjach, zmienna miąższość górnej warstwy oraz zróżnicowany współczynnik lepkości kinematycznej warstw zdeformowanych.
KULTURA KONVERGENCIJE: POJAM I KRITIKE
Authors: Kleut Jelena
Published: February 2017

Konvergencija se često navodi kao ključna odlika medija u digitalnom dobu, dok pojam kultura konvergencije nastaje kako bi se načinio otklon od tehnocentričnog poimanja promena koje donosi kompjuterska mreža. Cilj ovoga rada je da ponudi analizu kulture konvergencije i odlika koje joj pripisuje Henri Dženkins, te da kritički preispita primenljivosti ovog pojma na celinu kompjuterski posredovanog komuniciranja. Tezu da je kultura konvergencije preovlađujuća ili poželjna kultura u digitalnom okruženju osporavaju gledišta da nisu svi internetski korisnici produktivni i kreativni, da je amaterska proizvodnja internetskih sadržaja u osnovi besplatni rad na kojem profitiraju internetske korporacije i da učešće u digitalnoj kulturi ne proširuje i ne produbljuje participaciju građana u društvenom životu.
ЗНАЧАЈ ВЛАДИСЛАВА С. РИБНИКАРА У МЕДИЈСКОМ РАЗВОЈУ И ЈАЧАЊУ ДНЕВНОГ ИНФОРМАТИВНО-ПОЛИТИЧКОГ ЛИСТА „ПОЛИТИКА”
Authors: Баровић Владимир
Published: February 2017

У раду се анализира биографија једног од најзначајнијих представника породице која је основала „Политику” Владислава С. Рибникара. У раду су истражени и публиковани и мање познати детаљи из биографије Владислава С. Рибникара, који је био високо позициониран масон, имао је јаке везе са Комунистичком партијом али и са врхом власти у Краљевини Југославији. Посебно се истражује рад те значајне личности на унапређењу најстаријег листа на Балкану, његово уредничко и новинарско ангажовање.  Владислав С. Рибникар је од „Политике” између два светска рата направио најугледнији лист у Југоисточној Европи, који се по квалитету новинарских текстова, дизајну и броју дописника, могао мерити са листовима из европских метропола.
DESNICA I POSTMODERNI PLUTAJUĆI SUBJEKT
Authors: Vladušić Slobodan
Published: February 2017

U radu smo došli do uvida da književnost u neoliberalnom društvu karakterišu, pre svega, njena ludička i didaktička funkcija. Rad pokazuje u čemu je važnost zapostavljene saznajne funkcije književnosti koja je ovoga puta zamišljenja kao slutnja budućih fenomena, a ne kao odraz sadašnjosti. Takva literarna slutnja izbegava ideološka ograničenja teorijskih koncepcija unutar kojih se tematizovani fenomeni pojavljuju danas, čime se oni pokazuju u novom svetlu. U konkretnom slučaju, pokazaće se da je Desnica u romanu Proljeća Ivana Galeba naslutio pojavu postmodernog plutajućeg subjekta i njegovih osnovnih karakteristika: odricanja od metanaracije, a samim tim i od volje za moć.
KSENOFONT I „SREĆAN ŽIVOT“ U KIRUPEDIJI
Authors: Jordović Ivan
Published: February 2017

Pitanje „srećnog života“, odnosno pitanje kakav život treba voditi predstavlja jednu od velikih tema u grčkoj književnosti i filosofiji. Ksenofont je pored Herodota i Platona još jedan slavni grčki mislilac koji se bavio ovom tematikom. U nauci je Ksenofontovo viđenje „srećnog života“ u Kirupediji već bilo predmet razmatranja, ali samo u ograničenom obimu. Stoga u ovom radu neće biti analiziran samo Kirov razgovor sa Krezom, već i druge epizode iz Kirupedije kako bi se konačno dobilo celovito razumevanje ove problematike.
STRES RODITELJSTVA I KVALITET BRIGE U PORODICAMA DECE SA SMETNJAMA U RAZVOJU
Authors: Mihić Ivana , Rajić Milana , Kopunović Torma Dijana
Published: February 2017

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita stres roditeljstva i kapaciteti za brigu u porodicama dece sa smetnjama u razvoju i razlike u odnosu na porodice iz opšte populacije, struktura povezanosti dimenzija stresa roditeljstva i kapaciteta za brigu u porodicama dece sa smetnjama u razvoju. Uzorak je činilo 75 parova roditelja dece sa smetnjama u razvoju i 127 parova roditelja dece tipičnog razvoja. Podaci su prikupljeni u predškolskim ustanovama u Vojvodini. Kao mera stresa roditeljstva korišćene su sledeće dimenzije Abidinovog Indeksa stresa roditeljstva: Socijalna izolacija, Osujećenje roditeljskom ulogom, Kompetencija, Podsticanje, Prihvatljivost i Zahtevnost. Kao mera kvaliteta brige roditelja korišćen je Upitnik o socioemocionalnoj posvećenosti roditelja. Dobijeni rezultati su ukazali na statistički značajne razlike između dve grupe porodica i to na dimenzijama Socijalna izolacija (F(1,381)=7.51, p<.01), Osujećenje roditeljskom ulogom (F(1,383)=5.14, p<.01), Prihvatljivost (F(1.382)=64.29, p<.01) i Zahtevnost (F(1,362)=42.53, p<.01) i na ukupnom skoru na Upitniku o socioemocionalnoj posvećenosti (F(1,383)=10.72, p<.01). Struktura povezanosti dimenzija stresa roditeljstva i socioemocionalne posvećenosti ukazala je na postojanje dva profila roditelja: (1) roditelj koji je pod visokim stresom roditeljstva u svim merenim domenima i ima najviše teškoća u prihvatanju deteta i uloge roditelja i (2) roditelj koji je pod visokim stresom koji proističe iz domena (ne)mogućnosti podsticanja deteta i (ne)prihvatljivosti deteta i ima narušene kapacitet za adekvatno reagovanje i naglašenu potrebu da stalno bude uz dete.
OPŠTA SAMOEFIKASNOST KAO MODERATOR RELACIJA IZMEĐU ISPITNE ANKSIOZNOSTI, SUOČAVANJA I ISHODA STRESNE TRANSAKCIJE
Authors: Genc Ana
Published: February 2017

Teorijsku bazu aktuelnog empirijskog istraživanja predstavlja u ovoj studiji revidirana verzija modela Tejlora i Aspinvala (The Taylor and Aspinwall Model, 1996), koji podrazumeva sveobuhvatan i savremen konceptualni okvir za razumevanje komponenti generičkog pojma stresa i njihovih međusobnih relacija. Ovde validirani model obuhvata četiri grupe promenljivih: a) stresor (ispitna anksioznost), b) suočavanje sa stresom (tri kategorije: suočavanje usmereno na zadatak, suočavanje usmereno na emocije i izbegavanje), c) stabilna karakteristika ličnosti (opšta samoefikasnost, kao internalni resurs za suočavanje sa stresom) i d) izlazne varijable stres-procesa (uspeh postignut na kolokvijumu i emocionalno stanje studenata neposredno nakon ispitne situacije). Relevatni podaci su prikupljeni sledećim mernim instrumentima: upitnik za procenu ispitne anksioznosti (TAI), inventar za registrovanje načina suočavanja sa kognitivnim zadacima (CITS), skala opšte samoefikasnosti (GSE) i upitnik za procenu pozitivnog i negativnog afektiviteta (SIAB-PANAS). Za obradu prikupljenih podataka primenjen je statistički postupak moderirane medijacione analize. U radu su detaljno prikazani i prodiskutovani specifični uslovi, pod kojima određeni nivo razvijenosti ispitivane moderator varijable (opšta samoefikasnost) značajno menja sledeće relacije: a) ispitna anksioznost – izbor strategija za suočavanje, b) primenjeni mehanizmi prevladavanja – ishodi ispitivane stresne transakcije i c) direktna veza između stresora i izlaznih varijabli.
Diabetic Nephropathy Determinant Factor in Diabetes Mellitus at RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya
Authors: Putri Rahmadany Isya
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTNon communicable diseases are an important health problem related with the shift in the pattern of death cause, which is from infectious diseases to non-infectious diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranked 5 of the top 10 causes of non-infectious diseases in hospitals in Indonesia. If not properly controlled, DM can lead to chronic complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). This study, conducted at Internal Medicine Clinic, Outpatient Care, Dr. M. Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya, in June-July 2014, aimed to analyze correlation between non-clinical factors according to the concept of Hendrik L. Blum, such as compliance to treatment, education level, income, and social support for the incidence of DN in DM patients. This study was an observational analytic study with case-control design. Case samples in this study were DM patients who experienced DN complications and undergoing treatment at Internal Medicine Clinic, Outpatient Care, Dr. M. Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya, by 36 respondents. Control samples in this study were diabetic patients who did not experience complications DN undergoing treatment at Internal Medicine Clinic, Outpatient Care, Dr. M. Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya, by 36 respondents. Samples were taken by using a convenience sampling method. Relation streght analysis between dependent and independent variables used Contingency Coefficient by Chi Square test with 95% Confidence Interval (α=0.05). To determine the amount of risk between dependent and independent variables, we used OR (odds ratio) calculation. The results showed that non-compliance to treatment (OR=2.8) with contigency coefficient 0.243, low education (OR=1.5) with contigency coefficient 0.091, income < District Minimum Wage (OR=1.21) with contigency coefficient 0.036, and not receiving social support (OR=1.65) with contigency coefficient 0.117. In conclusion, compliance to treatment, education level, income, and social support affect the incidence of DN in DM patients.Keywords: compliance to treatment, education level, income, social support, diabetic nephropathy
Risk Difference of Multidrug Resistance Organisms (MDROs) According to Risk Factor and Hand Hygiene Compliance
Authors: Kurniawati Ajeng FS , Satyabakti Prijono , Arbianti Novita
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections is still global public health problems. Along with the problems there are resistance bacterial problem to multiple classes of antibiotics, defined as multidrug resistance organisms (MDROs). Incidence rates of MDROs in ICU is higher than in other treatment unit. Rational antibiotic use and controlling the transmission of bacterial is important to avoid MDROs. The purpose of this study was to analyze Risk Differences of MDROs according to risk factors and hand hygiene compliance in ICU patients. This study used case control design with sample size was 20 patients for each case and control groups. Samples in cases group were patients infected by MDROs in ICU, while the samples in control group were patients in ICU didn’t infected by MDROs. The independent variable are long term use of antibiotic, length of stay, the use of ventilator, and hand hygiene compliance by health worker. Analyze data used OR (Odds Ratio) and RD (Risk Difference). The conclusion was that Risk Difference of MDROs infection by long term use of antibiotics (OR 10.23 95% CI 1.12 < OR < 93.35; RD = 0.47), length of stay (OR 7.36 95% CI 1.34<OR<40.55; RD = 0.44), the use of ventilator devices (OR 9.00 95% CI 1.64 < OR < 49.45; RD = 0.48) and hand hygiene compliance (OR 6.00 95% CI 1.46 < OR < 24.69; RD = 0.42). The conclusion was that maintaining hygiene before medical treatment, environment and health workers body should be implemented so can’t became a media for bacterial MDROs growth.Keywords: antibiotic,ventilator, length of stay, hand hygiene, MDROs
Application Database School Health Program in Primary School Level of Surabaya City
Authors: Armyade Armyade , Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul , Hargono Rachmat
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe school health program (UKS) is a unit of the existing health activities of the primary school level. Currently the UKS programme has not been able to contribute optimally in an increasing the health of school-age children. This condition is caused due to the UKS programme planning have not been based on data and information related to health problems of school-age children. Constraints which cause yet the existence of the data and information of health problems that school age children recording and reporting system “paper based” incomplete data, and delivery information is not yet in the form of graphs or tables. The purpose of this research to develop a database application UKS primary school level. The scope of this research included implementation of the UKS Trias and recording system and reporting on team Implementing the UKS primary level. This type of research was Action Research. The subject of this research team on implementing the UKS primary level I/240 Sutorejo Surabaya. System analysis of the recording and reporting of the UKS SDN 1/240 Sutorejo found the problem that is the data source that is available only the fields of health care, so that analysis can not be based on Trias UKS. This research resulted in a prototype database of UKS developed based on the results of the analysis recording and reporting system progress on implementing team UKS SDN 1/240 Sutorejo. The prototype database UKS produces health education information, health services, and health coaching school environment that can be used for program planning UKS in managing teams and Puskesmas.. The use of the UKS data base is necessary among other supporting facilities maintenance management system that aims to let the uks programme sustainabilityas well as the monitoring and evaluation activities data base system.Keywords: database, school health program, recording and reporting system.
The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome with Incidence of Stroke
Authors: Chrisna Fila Fatmisua , Martini Santi
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Stroke is one of non-communicable diseases and affected by many risk factors. Some stroke risk factors have in common with the metabolic syndrome criteria, such as abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, decreased HDL cholesterol, elevated triglyceride levels, and insulin resistance. The goals to analyze the relationship between the metabolic syndrome with the incidence of stroke. This research is analytic by using case-control design. The case groups were hospitalized patients of stroke and undergoing inpatient in dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. The case groups were 32 peoples and control group 32 peoples were selected at random. The variables studied were age, sex, metabolic syndrome, the first criteria, the second criteria of metabolic syndrome, and the third criteria of metabolic syndrome. The results showed that the majority of stroke patients in the age range 51-75 years (78%). Results of Chi-Square test indicates a significant relationship between the metabolic syndrome criteria first (abdominal obesity, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels) p = 0,01 OR = 6,82 (95% CI = 1,23 to 68,17 ) and the second criteria of metabolic syndrome (HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose levels) p= 0,007 OR = 5,80 (95% CI = 1,30 to 35,15) with the incidence of stroke. While for the third criteria of metabolic syndrome (fasting glucose levels, abdominal obesity, triglyceride  levels) there was no significant relationship to the incidence of stroke. It is expected for people, especially over the age of 35 years can do a lipid profile and circle abdominal measurements to detect of   metabolic syndrome and the risk of stroke. Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Stroke, Abdominal Obesity, Triglyceride, HDL
The Differences of Condom use Among Transgender to Regular Partner and Clients
Authors: Ningtiyas Septiana , Satyabakti Prijono
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTHIV prevalence among transgender in Surabaya based STBP in 2011 has reached 24%. The high prevalence in the transgender group caused by risky sexual behavior that is not consistent in using condoms and changing sex partners. Transgender sex couples not only client, but transgender have a regular partner also called a boyfriend or husband. Program at transgender condom use has not been effective or has not reached the target. Condom use among transgender is determined by sex partners. The study aimed to describe the differences of condom use among transgender to regular partner and clients. This study used cross sectional design research descriptive with qualitative approach. There were 9 informants to accomplish this study by purposive sampling with certain criteria such as transgenders prostitutes who are associated with association of transgender in Surabaya (Perwakos) that were actively doing prostitution, transgender prostitutes who had a regular partner and transgender prostitutes who performed those sexual activities in Surabaya. The variables studied were knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, condom use. Data were analyzed using transcripts of data, data reduction, data display, verification. The results showed that condom use in regular partner lower than the clients. This is caused by the bad attitude and perception, accompanied domination emotional factors. There were no differences of condom use between regular partner with clients. Therefore necessary to motivate transgender Perwakos to always use a condom during sex with regular partner and clients, as well as increased knowledge of HIV-AIDS and the benefits of condoms to regular partner and transgender clients.Keywords: condom use, transgender, HIV-AIDS, regular partner, clients
Traffic Accident Risk Analysis by Knowledge, the Use of Traffic Lane, and Speed
Authors: Hidayati Annisa , Hendrati Lucia Yovita
Published: February 2017

Traffic accidents are a health problem in both developed and developing countries including Indonesia. Number of traffic accidents each year has increased and traffic accidents in Indonesia is considered by WHO as the third biggest killer after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. Most traffic accidents involving motorcyclists and the current junior high school students are also involved as a perpetrator of the accident. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed with the incidence of traffic accidents in junior high school students motorcyclists. Type of research is analytic observational cross-sectional study design. The study population was all junior high school students in Wonokromo Surabaya in 2015. The number of respondents in this study of 100 respondents drawn from the population by using two stage cluster random sampling. The variables studied were knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed. Results of analysis using chi square test (α = 5%) indicate that knowledge (p = 0,027; RR = 1,966), the use of traffic lane (p = 0,005; RR = 1,894) and the driving speed (p = 0,017; RR = 1,941) has a significantly relationship to the incidence of traffic accidents to junior high school students motorcyclists in Wonokromo sub-district Surabaya 2015. Especially under age children of junior high school student are encouraged to not ride a motorcycle before age sufficient and have a driver’s licence. Beside that, the role of parents to prevent underage motorcyclists is needed to support the efforts of the police and schools in minimizing the number of accident to reduce the number of junir high school student involved in a motorcycle accident.Keywords: traffic accident, risk factors, knowledge, traffic lane, speed
Recognition of the Factoring Contracts within the scope of Turkey Accounting Standards with regard to the Buyer and Seller
Authors: Sabuncu Birsel
Published: February 2017

In this study giving general information about factoring, which is an alternative financing technique, regarding the recognition of the factoring transactions within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards, by presenting a sample application in particular regard of an export transaction in relation to the accounting records which have to be done by the company that gives factoring service and receives the factoring service, a contribution to the acconting literature is put forward. In the study, it is shown that, even though the Uniform Accounting Plan which the factoring companies and the companies which use a factoring service in their accounting records differ from each other, recognition of it within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards is a basis. The fundamental principle of the accounting records of the company which assigns the receivables that generate from the exporting by entering into an agreement of factoring is the recognition of the income according to the fair value, by reflecting the amount which the income waits to gain the when assigning, and by separating the income which is actualised and not actualised.
Macroeconomic Implications of Changes in Social Security Rules
Authors: Bagis Bilal
Published: February 2017

The Turkish social insurance system has been feverishly debated for years, particularly through its burden on the economy. The most recent reform is an attempt to neutralize the deterioration within the social security system and its effects on the economy. After the recent reform, ‘the way that retirement benefits are calculated’ is changed unfavorably for workers and the minimum age for retirement is increased. In particular, for an agent with 25 years of social security tax payments, the replacement rate is down from 65 percent to 50 percent. On the other hand, retirement age is up from 60 to 65. The aim of this paper is to investigate the macroeconomic effects of these changes using an OLG model. The author’s findings indicate that labor supply, output and capital stock increase when changes above are applied to the benchmark economy calibrated to the Turkish economy data in 2005. A critical change with the current reform is that the marginal benefit of working has become uniform over ages. In a simulation exercise, the marginal retirement benefit in the benchmark economy is changed to be uniform over ages while keeping the size of social security system unchanged. As a result, the benefit of retiring at a later period increases. However, uniform distribution of the marginal benefits itself decreases both the capital stock and output of the economy. Increasing the retirement age has positive effects on the economy since agents obtain retirement benefits for fewer years and at an older age.
The Problem of Unemployment and a Proposal for a Solution
Authors: Dervishi Bulent
Published: February 2017

Unemployment is one of the most important social problems faced by all developed and developing countries. While countries are developing technologically, production systems are changing and it is becoming hard for workforce to keep pace with these developments. From Macedonia's independence (1991) to 2010, the most important problem in the economy was unemployment. The fact that production ceased in the first years of independence caused both industrial production and total production to decline. Considering the fact that the factories does not work, new people joined to the unemployed group. The Macedonian economy has struggled with high unemployment for 25 years. According to data from the Macedonian statistics agency, the unemployment rate in 2010 was about 39 percent, but in 2015 it has decreased to 25 percent.In OECD countries are implemented active policies in 6 important categories to increase employment. Macedonia has been implementing these policies since 2007. These policies have begun to give positive results. In addition, the decrease in unemployment is linked to foreign investments, but also the policies to struggle unemployment by the government has affected.
Global Existence and Exponential Decay for a Dynamic Contact Problem of Thermoelastic Timoshenko Beam with Second Sound
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Chen Dongqin , Zhu Biqing
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study the global existence and exponential decay for a dynamic contact problem between a Timoshenko beam with second sound and two rigid obstacles, of which the heat flux is given by Cattaneo's law instead of the usual Fourier's law. The main difficulties arise from the irregular boundary terms, from the low regularity of the weak solution and from the weaker dissipative effects of heat conduction induced by Cattaneo's law. By considering related penalized problems, proving some a priori estimates and passing to the limit, we prove the global existence of the solutions. By considering the approximate framework, constructing some new functionals and applying the perturbed energy method, we obtain the exponential decay result for the approximate solution, and then prove the exponential decay rate to the original problem by utilizing the weak lower semicontinuity arguments.
Resonant Rectifier ICs for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Using Low-voltage Drop Diode Equivalents
Authors: Din Amad Ud , Chandrathna Seneke Chamith , Lee Jong-Wook
Published: February 2017

Herein, we present the design technique of a resonant rectifier for piezoelectric (PE) energy harvesting. We propose two diode equivalents to reduce the voltage drop in the rectifier operation, a minuscule-drop-diode equivalent (MDDE) and a low-drop-diode equivalent (LDDE). The diode equivalents are embedded in resonant rectifier integrated circuits (ICs), which use symmetric bias-flip to reduce the power wasted for charging and discharging the internal capacitance of a PE transducer. The self-startup function is supported by synchronously generating control pulses for the bias-flip from the PE transducer. Two resonant rectifier ICs, using both MDDE and LDDE, are fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process and their performances are characterized under external and self-power conditions. Under the external-power condition, the rectifier using LDDE delivers an output power POUT of 564 μW and a rectifier output voltage VRECT of 3.36 V with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 90.1%. Under self-power conditions, the rectifier using MDDE delivers a POUT of 288 μW and a VRECT of 2.4 V with a corresponding PCE of 74.6%. The result shows that the power extraction capability of the proposed rectifier is 5.9 and 3.0 times higher than that of a conventional full-bridge rectifier.
DETERMINAN PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM (STUDI PADA PELAKU USAHA DI KOTA KENDARI)
Authors: Akib Nurussabariyah , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to examine the determinants of Islamic business ethics implementation in Kendari city. It used primary data that were obtained through interviews and open questionnaires to business owners in Kendari who claimed that they implement sharia principles on business. The samples were 24 respondents that were obtained by snowball sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively in percentage. The results showed that: The majority of respondents (66.67 %) are motivated by reward from Allah in applying Islamic business ethics; and 20.83 % are motivated by business success. While the others are motivated by dakwah and business progress. The main determinants to apply Islamic business ethics are the understanding of religious values; family factor, and social environment. No one respondent who answered that the state system is as the determinant of the Islamic business ethics implementation.
Photosynthesis and Drymass Production of Winter Wheat in Response to Micro‐Sprinkling Irrigation
Authors: Man Jianguo , Wang Dong , White Philip. J.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Supplemental irrigation with micro‐sprinkling hose was suitable for wheat.

The Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and photosynthetic rate increased with increased hose sprinkling angle.

Supplemental irrigation with 80° sprinkling angle hose increased dry matter, grain‐filling rate, and duration.

All benefits were hypothesized to accrue through the increased soil water uniformity.

Water‐saving irrigation techniques are critical for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) development in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China and assist in coping with increasingly serious water shortages. A micro‐sprinkling irrigation experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2012 to investigate how soil water distribution, photosynthesis, drymass accumulation, and grain yield responded to different sprinkling angles. Five treatments were designed: Rainfed, W35, W50, W65, and W80. The Rainfed treatment consisted of no irrigation throughout the growing season. The W35 to W80 treatments involved irrigation applied through micro‐sprinkling hoses with sprinkling angles of 35°, 50°, 65°, and 80°, respectively. Micro‐sprinkling irrigation could regulate soil water content to the target level of previous designs. After irrigation, distribution of soil water across the four inter‐rows was the most uniform in W80. Following the intermediate stage of grain filling, when increasing sprinkling angle from 35° to 80°, the mean actual photochemical efficiency, maximum quantum yield of the PSII, flag leaf photosynthetic rate, and canopy apparent photosynthetic rate (CAP) significantly increased. A high sprinkling angle is favorable in improving the grain‐filling rate as well as lengthening its duration. At maturity, the W80 treatment produced the highest dry matter (DM) in the stem plus sheath and the highest grain weight and total DM, leading to the highest 1000‐grain weight, grain yield, and water‐use efficiency (WUE). Overall, the optimum sprinkling angle of the micro‐sprinkling hose for supplemental irrigation (SI) of winter wheat after jointing is 80°, and the benefits are hypothesized to arise from an increased uniformity of soil water conditions.
Long‐term Effects of Grazing Management and Buffer Strips on Soil Erosion from Pastures
Authors: Pilon C. , Moore P. A. , Pote D. H. , Pennington J. H. , Martin J. W. , Brauer D. K. , Raper R. L. , Dabney S. M. , Lee J.
Published: February 2017

High grazing pressure can lead to soil erosion in pastures, causing increased sediment delivery to waterways. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impact of grazing management and buffer strips on soil erosion by assessing soil physical properties, hydrology, and sediment loads from pastures fertilized with broiler litter. Field studies were conducted for 12 yr on 15 small watersheds. Five management strategies were evaluated: hayed (H), continuously grazed (CG), rotationally grazed (R), rotationally grazed with a buffer strip (RB), and rotationally grazed with a fenced riparian buffer (RBR). Broiler litter was applied every year at a rate of 5.6 Mg ha−1. Bulk density and penetration resistance were highest for CG watersheds. Runoff volumes, sediment concentrations, and loads were lowest for the H and RBR treatments and highest for CG. Average runoff amounts were 48, 84, 77, 60, and 81 mm yr−1 for the H, R, RB, RBR, and CG treatments, respectively. Annual average sediment loads were 25, 30, 58, 71, and 110 kg ha−1 for H, RBR, R, RB, and CG, respectively. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2 was reasonably effective at predicting soil loss for the R, RB, and RBR treatments, but it greatly overpredicted soil loss from the CG and H treatments. Converting a pasture to a hay field or using rotational grazing in conjunction with a fenced riparian buffer appear to be effective options for reducing soil erosion and runoff to waterways from pasture soils.

Core Ideas

Bulk density and penetration resistance increased in continuously grazed watersheds.

Continuous grazing increased total suspended solids load in runoff.

Haying resulted in the lowest runoff volumes and sediment loads of all treatments.

Rotational grazing with a fenced riparian buffer was effective in reducing erosion.
Chemical Species of Phosphorus and Zinc in Water‐Dispersible Colloids from Swine Manure Compost
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Hashimoto Yohey
Published: February 2017

The release of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) from swine manure compost and from soils applied with swine manure compost can be accelerated by colloidal particles. This study investigated the concentrations and chemical species of P and Zn in water‐dispersible colloids (WDCs) collected from swine manure compost by using X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. A filtration and ultracentrifugation process was used to separate and collect WDCs (20–1000 nm) from the bulk swine manure compost (<2 mm). The swine manure compost contained 2.7 g kg−1 WDC, in which P (140 g kg−1) was highly concentrated and Zn concentrations were greater than in the bulk compost (1.45 g kg−1). Phosphorus K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy determined the presence of struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) as a major P species (74%), followed by tricalcium phosphate as a secondary component (26%). In the WDC fraction, struvite was not found, but tricalcium phosphate (56%) occurred as a primary component. Zinc K‐edge XAFS spectroscopy determined hopeite [Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O, 59%] and to a lesser extent smithsonite (ZnCO3, 24%) and Zn adsorbed on ferrihydrite (17%). In the WDC fraction, hopeite (44%) and organically bound Zn (35%) were predominant. Our results demonstrate the notable difference in the concentration and chemical species of P and Zn between the WDC and bulk fractions of swine manure compost.

Core Ideas

We investigated chemical species of P and Zn in the WDC collected from swine manure compost.

Struvite was not found in WDC, but tricalcium phosphate and P adsorbed on ferrihydrite were predominant.

Hopeite and organically bound Zn were predominant in the WDC fraction.
Dye removal from aqueous solution by raw maize corncob and H3PO4 activated maize corncob
Authors: Farnane M. , Tounsadi H. , Machrouhi A. , Elhalil A. , Mahjoubi F. Z. , Sadiq M. , Abdennouri M. , Qourzal S. , Barka N.
Published: February 2017

The focus of this study is the investigation of removal ability of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solution by raw maize corncob (RMC) and H3PO4 activated maize corncob (AMC). Maize corncobs were carbonized at 500 °C for 2 h, and then impregnated at a phosphoric acid to maize corncob ratio of 2.5 g/g. The impregnated maize corncob was activated in a tubular vertical furnace at 450 °C for 2 h. Samples were characterized by different methods. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of dyes and the temperature. Experimental results show that the activation of maize corncob boosts four times the adsorption performance for the selected dyes. The adsorption process is very rapid and was pH dependent with high adsorption capacities in the basic range. The kinetic data were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best fit of equilibrium data was obtained by the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 75.27 and 271.19 mg/g for MB, 76.42 and 313.63 mg/g for MG, respectively, in the case of RMC and AMC. The temperature did not have much influence on the adsorption performance.
Hérnia de Spiegel: Relato de dois Casos
Authors: Vieira Victor Carlos Saiz , Tavares Vieira Richard Raphael Borges , Alves Thais Barbosa , De Souza Amanda Guimarães , De Paula Joaquim Ferreira , Marques Batista Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2017

As hérnias de Spiegel ocorrem por defeito da parede abdominal através da aponeurose spigeliana, entre a linha semilunar e a borda lateral do músculo reto, logo abaixo da linha arqueada de Douglas e, geralmente, acima dos vasos epigástricos superiores. Este defeito pode se estender desde a nona cartilagem costal até a espinha púbica e recebeu esse nome em homenagem ao anatomista belga Adriaan van den Spiegel, após detalhar as estruturas anatômicas envolvidas nesse tipo de hérnia. O seu pequeno e fibroso colo é responsável por estrangulamento em boa parte dos casos. Estas hérnias são de grande interesse para o cirurgião pelos vários diagnósticos diferenciais que se pode levantar. Geralmente, não apresentam sintomas característicos, podendo nem mesmo haver massa evidente à inspeção ou palpação. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar achados compatíveis com as hérnias de Spiegel, defeitos estes muito raros e com poucos relatos na literatura mundial.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibition: Biochemical Relevance and Therapeutical Potential
Authors: Laganá Giuseppina , Barreca Davide , Calderaro Antonella , Bellocco Ersilia
Published: February 2017

Lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) is a key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism in almost all living organisms and it is also a functional checkpoint for glucose restoration during gluconeogenesis and single-stranded DNA metabolism. This enzyme has a well preserved structure during evolution and among the species, with little, but sometimes very useful, changes in the amino acid sequence, which makes it an attractive target for the design and construction of functional molecules able to modulate its catalytic potential and expression. Research has focused mainly on the selection of modulator especially as far as LDH isozymes (especially LDH-5) and lactate dehydrogenases of Plasmodium falciparum (pfLDH) are concerned. This review summarizes the recent advances in the design and development of inhibitors, pointing out their specificity and therapeutic potentials.
Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases
Authors: Russo Roberto , Cristiano Claudia , Avagliano Carmen , De Caro Carmen , La Rana Giovanna , Raso Giuseppina Mattace , Canani Roberto Berni , Meli Rosaria , Calignano Antonio
Published: February 2017

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic
enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at
least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence
behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota
composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of
gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms,
which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal
(HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused
on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders
such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental
disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s
Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration
of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the
involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main
members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide
(OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a
large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes.
Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and
central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids
and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific
bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the
rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing
inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review,
we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids,
focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in
the central nervous system diseases.
Recent Advances in Development of GPR40 Modulators (FFA1/FFAR1): An Emerging Target for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sharma Nutan , Bhagat Sunita , Chundawat Tejpal Singh
Published: February 2017

Background: GPR40, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by medium
and long-chain fatty acids and is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, adipose depots and the
gastrointestinal tract are involved in energy source recognition, absorption, storage and/or metabolism.
Since its deorphanization in 2003, G-protein-coupled receptor GPR40 has emerged as a potential target
for type II diabetes because it has been hypothesized to participate in the adverse effects of chronic
fatty acid exposure on function of β-cell.

Results: This signifies that G-protein-coupled receptors have recently emerged as novel therapeutic
targets in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Therefore it seems
natural that GPR40 represents a potentially attractive target to best meet the need for novel treatments
for Type II diabetes.

Conclusion: This review describes recent advances and novel drug discovery approaches in the
antidiabetic area, focusing on GPR40 modulators which have been synthesized till date and their
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR).
How does Pathology Clinic Have Effect on Mental State and Adjustment in Patients with Breast Cancer?
Authors: Nagashima Miyuki , Taniyama Kiyomi , Minami Hanae , Takebayashi Minoru
Published: February 2017

We conducted a paper-based questionnaire and interview targeting patients
with breast cancer who had undergone radical surgery, before and after they attended
the Pathology Clinic, to investigate the short-term impact on the psychological state
and attitude of the patients from attending the Pathology Clinic. There may be
increased motivation for treatment and a sense of reassurance, as well as reduction in
anxiety in patients as a status indicated by HADS in the group that attended the
Pathology Clinic, so this suggests that attending the Pathology Clinic may reduce
anxiety in a short term. On the other hand, the MAC Anxious Preoccupation score was
significantly higher in the group that attended the Pathology Clinic, both before and
after attendance, than the group that did not attend. Therefore, the group that attended
may have had characteristics of eliminating anxiety by proactive actions including
collecting medical data on the cause of anxiety and adopting healthy behaviors. The
result suggests that appropriate support in terms of medical information and emotion is
necessary.
Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Using A Scissors-Type Knife for Early Colorectal Neoplasms
Authors: Kuwai Toshio , Yamaguchi Toshiki , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kouno Hirotaka , Kohno Hiroshi
Published: February 2017

To reduce the risk of adverse events related to colorectal endoscopic
submucosal dissection (ESD) using a conventional knife, we used a scissors-type knife
(SB Knife Jr.) that allowed us to prevented unexpected muscular-layer injury.

The aims of our study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD using a SB
Knife Jr. for early colorectal neoplasms. 121 lesions in 115 patients (M: F=63: 52;
median age=68) were resected with ESD using a SB Knife Jr. from October 2010 to
March 2014. We evaluated en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, size of
tumor, adverse events and local recurrence rate.

The sites of the neoplasms included the following: 39 lesions were located in the right
colon; 38 in the left colon; and 44 in the rectum. By histological examination, 57
lesions were intramucosal cancers, 14 slightly submucosal cancers (<1,000 μm), 15
massively submucosal invasive cancers (>1,000 μm), and 35 tubular adenomas. All
lesions were treated safely without unexpected incision. The en bloc resection rate was
96.7% (117/121), and the complete resection rate was 95.0% (115/121). The mean size
of the resected tumors was 32.1 mm (range, 7-120 mm), respectively. With regard to
adverse events, there were no perforations, and postoperative bleeding occurred in 5
cases (4.1%). All cases were controlled by endoscopic hemostasis. During a median
follow-up duration of 15.5 months, local recurrence rate was 0% (0/121).

ESD using a SB Knife Jr. can be adequately adopted as a technically efficient method
for resecting early colorectal neoplasms.