bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Optimize Self-Assessment Accuracy in Cognitive Skill Acquisition When Learning from Worked Examples
Authors: Waldeyer Julia , Endres Tino , Roelle Julian , Baars Martine , Renkl Alexander
Published: September 2024

The present study was designed to understand and optimize self-assessment accuracy in cognitive skill acquisition through example-based learning. We focused on the initial problem-solving phase, which follows after studying worked examples. At the end of this phase, it is important that learners are aware whether they have already understood the solution procedure. In Experiment 1, we tested whether self-assessment accuracy depended on whether learners were prompted to infer their self-assessments from explanation-based cues (ability to explain the problems’ solutions) or from performance-based cues (problem-solving performance) and on whether learners were informed about the to-be-monitored cue before or only after the problem-solving phase. We found that performance-based cues resulted in better self-assessment accuracy and that informing learners about the to-be-monitored cue before problem-solving enhanced self-assessment accuracy. In Experiment 2, we again tested whether self-assessment accuracy depended on whether learners were prompted to infer their self-assessments from explanation- or performance-based cues. We furthermore varied whether learners received instruction on criteria for interpreting the cues and whether learners were prompted to self-explain during problem-solving. When learners received no further instructional support, like in Experiment 1, performance-based cues yielded better self-assessment accuracy. Only when learners who were prompted to infer their self-assessments from explanation-based cues received both cue criteria instruction and prompts to engage in self-explaining during problem-solving did they show similar self-assessment accuracy as learners who utilized performance-based cues. Overall, we conclude that it is more efficient to prompt learners to monitor performance-based rather than explanation-based cues in the initial problem-solving phase.
The Dynamic Nature of Emotions in Language Learning Context: Theory, Method, and Analysis
Authors: Wang Peng , Ganushchak Lesya , Welie Camille , van Steensel Roel
Published: September 2024

In current research, emotions in language use situations are often examined only at their starting and ending points, akin to observing the beginning and end of a wave, while neglecting their complex fluctuations in between. To fully comprehend the dynamics of emotions in language use situations, it is essential to delve into their intricate unfolding throughout their progression. This is particularly critical in the context of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), where emotional dynamics can significantly influence learning outcomes and proficiency. Drawing on existing empirical research and theories, we propose a novel interpretation rooted in complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) to elucidate the dynamic nature of emotions in language use situations. Furthermore, we suggest methodologies for capturing the complete dynamics of emotional and language behaviours, including an analysis of their dynamic interrelationships. By embracing a dynamic perspective, we can advance our understanding of interplay between emotions and language behaviours from epistemological theory to methodology and analysis, paving the way for future research in this field.
Modern extreme value statistics for Utopian extremes. EVA (2023) Conference Data Challenge: Team Yalla
Authors: Richards Jordan , Alotaibi Noura , Cisneros Daniela , Gong Yan , Guerrero Matheus B. , Redondo Paolo Victor , Shao Xuanjie
Published: September 2024

Capturing the extremal behaviour of data often requires bespoke marginal and dependence models which are grounded in rigorous asymptotic theory, and hence provide reliable extrapolation into the upper tails of the data-generating distribution. We present a modern toolbox of four methodological frameworks, motivated by classical extreme value theory, that can be used to accurately estimate extreme exceedance probabilities or the corresponding level in either a univariate or multivariate setting. Our frameworks were used to facilitate the winning contribution of Team Yalla to the EVA (2023) Conference Data Challenge, which was organised for the 13$$^\text {th}$$thInternational Conference on Extreme Value Analysis. This competition comprised seven teams competing across four separate sub-challenges, with each requiring the modelling of data simulated from known, yet highly complex, statistical distributions, and extrapolation far beyond the range of the available samples in order to predict probabilities of extreme events. Data were constructed to be representative of real environmental data, sampled from the fantasy country of “Utopia”.
Violence in mass-mediated images and memory. Phenomenological account of prosthetic memories
Authors: Breazu Remus
Published: September 2024

In this paper, I analyse Alison Landsberg’s concept of prosthetic memories from a phenomenological perspective. Prosthetic memory, while sharing similarities with both personal and collective memory, is neither exclusively personal nor strictly collective, emerging as a product of new media in mass communication. According to Landsberg, prosthetic memories have four main characteristics: the recaller experiences them as firsthand accounts despite not personally living through the events, these memories often revolve around traumatic events, have a commodified form, and are ethically useful. Using Husserl’s theories on memory consciousness and image consciousness, and contemporary phenomenological research on violence, I provide a phenomenological account for the first three characteristics of prosthetic memory. The key factors contributing to their quasi-personal and quasi-collective nature lie, on the one hand, in the presence of imagistic violence and, on the other hand, in their mass-mediated image character.
The Cognitive and Ontological Dimensions of Naturalness – Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Scholz Sebastian , Vosgerau Gottfried
Published: September 2024

Editor’s Introduction to the Special Issue ‘The Cognitive Ontological Dimensions of Naturalness’, including brief introductions of the individual contributions.
Effects of a Creativity-Enhancement Intervention on Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Creativity in Computing Education
Authors: Novak Elena , Kuo Chia-Ling , Tassell Janet Lynne , Morris Grace
Published: September 2024

Recently, creativity has been acknowledged for its importance in improving computer science learning and attitudes. However, very little is known about how to integrate creativity in preservice teacher computing education. Toward this end, we developed a creativity-enhancement intervention in an online Creative Computing instructional module to introduce preservice elementary teachers (N = 76) to the ideas of creativity in the context of computing education. Using a pre-/posttest quasi-experimental design, we examined the effects of the creativity-enhancement intervention on participants’ person-, process-, and Scratch product-related creativity compared to the same curriculum that did not include the creativity-enhancement intervention. Preservice elementary teachers who received the creativity-enhancement intervention reported significantly higher person- and process-related creativity and produced more creative Scratch projects than their peers who did not receive the intervention. When looking at the three creativity strands holistically, the study findings provide strong evidence that the intervention had a positive effect on preservice elementary teachers’ creativity in the context of computing education.
Protein Supplement Tolerability and Patient Satisfaction after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Luijpers Cornelia Lianda H. , Nuijten Malou A. H. , Groenhuijzen Evi J. , van Hogezand Lilian L. , Monpellier Valerie M. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Hopman Maria T. E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Disproportional fat-free mass loss often occurs post-bariatric surgery, partly due to insufficient protein intake during the post-surgery recovery phase. We compared five protein-enhancing strategies (PES) on patient tolerability, satisfaction and protein intake.

Materials and Methods

Ninety-four participants, scheduled for bariatric surgery, were enrolled and allocated to either of the following: (1) whey powder, (2) hydrolysed collagen powder, (3) plant-based powder, (4) protein-rich products, (5) protein gel, or control. PES groups were instructed to add 30 g of powder or 2 gels or protein products to their diet. Patient satisfaction and tolerability were evaluated with questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed prior to and during PES use.

Results

Seven patients dropped out (i.e. loss of contact, personal reasons or post-surgery complications) yielding an analytical cohort of 87 participants. The majority of patients (61%) did not experience dietary complaints from PES and could use PES ≥ 5 days of the week. PES non-usage was mainly related to taste dislike (58%). Hydrolysed collagen scored highest on tolerability and satisfaction: 86% of the participants could use HC ≥ 5 days and 71% were satisfied with the product. PES increased protein intake from 54.7 ± 21.5 g/day to 64.7 ± 23.4 g/day during the intervention (p = 0.002), which differed from the control group (+ 10.1 ± 24.5 g/day vs. − 6.3 ± 23.8 g/day for controls, p = 0.019). Whey showed the highest increase, namely + 18.3 ± 16.3 g/day (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

PES were tolerated by the majority of participants, and an improved protein intake with PES use was seen. However, the taste of the products could be improved to further enhance satisfaction and tolerability.

Graphical Abstract
New classes of p-adic pseudo-differential operators with negative definite symbols and their applications
Authors: Torresblanca-Badillo Anselmo , Bolaño-Benitez Edwin A. , Gutiérrez-García Ismael , Estala-Arias Samuel
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces new classes of p-adic operators representing m-dissipative pseudo-differential operators with negative definite symbols under certain conditions. We will study new types of semilinear problems and martingale problems associated with these operators, and we will prove that these pseudo-differential operators are the infinitesimal generators of strongly continuous contraction semigroups on $$L^2({\mathbb {Q}}_p^n)$$

L
2

(

Q
p
n

)

. Also, this article introduces new families of measures, resolvent of measures, positive definite measures, Feller semigroups, and Markov processes.
Metabolic Adaptation in Heart Failure and the Role of Ketone Bodies as Biomarkers
Authors: Foster Michael W. , Riley Joshua M. , Kaki Praneet C. , Al Soueidy Amine , Aligholiazadeh Ehson , Rame J. Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

The development and progression of heart failure is characterized by metabolic and physiologic adaptations allowing patients to cope with cardiac insufficiency. This review explores the changes in metabolism in heart failure and the potential role of biomarkers, particularly ketone bodies, in staging and prognosticating heart failure progression.

Recent Findings

Recent insights into myocardial metabolism shed light on the heart’s response to stress, highlighting the shift towards reliance on ketone bodies as an alternative fuel source. Elevated blood ketone levels have been shown to correlate with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, emphasizing their potential as prognostic indicators. Furthermore, studies exploring therapeutic interventions targeting specific metabolic pathways offer promise for improving outcomes in heart failure.

Ketones have prognostic utility in heart failure, and potentially, an avenue for therapeutic intervention. Challenges remain in deciphering the optimal balance between metabolic support and exacerbating cardiac remodeling. Future research endeavors must address these complexities to advance personalized approaches in managing heart failure.
Real-World Experience of Clinical Outcomes of Microscopic Margin Positivity After Radical Gastrectomy from a Tertiary Cancer Center in Northeast India
Authors: Guha Akash , Sahewalla Ashutosh , Killing Dilip , Thakkar Manthan , Das Gaurav , Kalita Deep Jyoti , Talukdar Abhijit
Published: September 2024

Surgical resection for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) remains the only potentially curative treatment, and the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy improves survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Margin-positive resection is a known poor prognostic factor. A retrospective observational study of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy of any type for GAC was done at a tertiary care cancer center in Northeast India. The study included patients who were operated on from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021 (5 years), and they were followed up to 31 March 2024. A total of 172 patients underwent gastrectomy of any type for GAC during the study period of which 13 patients were found to have microscopic positive (R1) histopathological margin (7.6%). The median age of the patients with positive margins was 48 years (range 27 to 69 years). The male-to-female ratio was 9:4. Ten patients (77%) had poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell carcinoma. The distal margin was the most frequent margin which was positive (84.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used in only 23.1% patients. At the end of our study period, only 1 patient out of 13 patients was alive. Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 16.2 months (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 31.1 months). Median overall survival (OS) was 20.2 months (95% confidence interval 9.3 to 31.2 months). Patients who have microscopic positive margins after gastrectomy are found to have a high incidence of poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell carcinoma.
An analysis of mastodon adoption dynamics based on instance types
Authors: Sabo Eduard , Gesthuizen Tim , Bouma Kelvin J. A. , Karastoyanova Dimka , Riveni Mirela
Published: September 2024

Federated social networks have become an appealing choice as alternatives to mainstream centralized platforms. In the current global context, where the user’s activity on various social networks is monitored, influenced and manipulated, alternative platforms that offer the possibility of owning and controlling one’s own data are of great importance. Mastodon stands out among decentralized alternatives in the fediverse. In this study, we conduct a time-based dynamics analysis of various Mastodon instances, from popular ones to country-specific servers. Moreover, we conducted an analysis of registration account dynamics based on certain topics, such as academic, political and activism in general. Throughout the paper, we reveal the user adoption of Mastodon from multiple instances and metrics. Our results show a growth pattern of instances in terms of accounts in certain periods of time, and due to social events, reinforcing our assumption of it being already trusted as a decentralized platform. Our work holds significance in the wider context of studying and understanding the adoption rates of decentralized networks as ethical alternatives to centrally controlled ones.
How much Eurasian beaver activity is there in Italy? Using field signs to monitor and map a returned species
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Puttock Alan , Viviano Andrea , Mosini Andrea , Campbell-Palmer Roisin , Ancillotto Leonardo , Trentanovi Giovanni , Scarfò Manuel , Leoncini Fabio , Pontarini Renato , Mazza Giuseppe , Needham Robert
Published: September 2024

After centuries of widespread extinction, the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber has recolonised most of its former extent of occurrence, following international and national protection laws, reintroduction programmes, and unauthorized releases. Beavers provide valuable ecosystem services and multiple benefits to native biodiversity, though their activity may trigger conflicts with humans, especially in highly modified landscapes. Therefore, it is important to monitor their range-expansion, particularly at the early stages of the colonization process. This study quantifies beaver presence in Central and Northern Italy, where reproduction was first detected in recent years after five centuries of absence. A mix of techniques including both direct and indirect signs of presence was adopted to assess the occurrence and status of beavers in the area, retrieving data for the application of density estimators and, thus, population estimates. We document that at least 16 reproductive events occurred between 2021 and early 2023, with at least 55 areas of activity, located across three rivers of Central Italy, corresponding to a minimum of 40 individuals. Seven to ten individuals (in at least 5 areas of activity) were also recorded in Northern regions, in continuity with the populations occurring in neighboring countries beyond the Alps. Given the fast range expansion by the species and the potential for conflict with human activities, alongside the efficiency and applicability of our approach, this type of beaver field survey should be adopted by wildlife managers and policy makers both in areas of established presence but also in potential expansion areas, to develop management plans and to figure out opportunities this returning native species may bring.
Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas on Combustion and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Nosek Radovan , Zvada Branislav , Ďurčanský Peter , Čajová Kantová Nikola , Mičko Pavol
Published: September 2024

The integration of hydrogen into natural gas infrastructure presents a viable strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing toward carbon neutrality. This study investigates the combustion characteristics and emissions profiles of hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures, specifically focusing on the composition of Russian pipeline natural gas. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to predict emission concentrations and simulate fuel mixture combustion using MATLAB Simulink software. This versatile model facilitates further analysis within the MATLAB ecosystem. The simulation results demonstrate a significant correlation between the hydrogen content in the natural gas mixture and the resulting heat power output. With a constant fuel consumption rate, a notable decrease in heat power was observed as the hydrogen concentration increased, reaching a maximum reduction of 44.9% at a 45% hydrogen content. These findings underscore the feasibility of partially substituting natural gas with hydrogen, while also highlighting the necessity for increased fuel flow rates to maintain equivalent power output levels. This poses additional challenges for natural gas grid operators, necessitating infrastructure adaptations to accommodate higher fuel demands. The insights gained from this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding hydrogen integration in the energy sector, offering valuable implications for decarbonization strategies and the optimization of natural gas infrastructure.
Easy to fabricate 3D metastructure for low-frequency vibration control
Authors: Gulzari Muhammad , Ciochon Agnieszka , Kennedy John
Published: September 2024

As a burgeoning category of elastic metamaterials, 3D metastructures have garnered significant research attention for manipulating low-frequency acoustic and elastic waves. Bandgap engineering allows for the control of these waves across a subwavelength ultrawide frequency range. However, the manufacturing of these 3D structures poses a challenge, necessitating additional support materials for 3D-printed components, creating difficulties in mass production. In this study, we propose a novel lightweight 3D metastructure design that is easy to fabricate and provides a low-frequency subwavelength bandgap. We replaced conventional struts supporting heavy mass inclusions in typical designs with modified arch beams. This structural modification enables the easy and self-supporting manufacturing of 3D metastructure unit cells without the need for extra support material. Utilizing magnets and steel masses with bolts as hard inclusions, the magnet facilitates the quick assembly of the 3D metastructure, potentially facilitating mass manufacturing in practical applications. The wave dispersion and bandgap properties of the metastructure are investigated numerically, and experimental vibration tests are performed on the 3D-printed and assembled parts. The experimental results and numerical findings demonstrate robust vibration attenuation at low frequencies by the proposed 3D metastructure. The suggested, easy-to-fabricate 3D-metastructure design holds potential applications in low-frequency elastic-wave manipulation, including noise and vibration control.
Listening Without a Listener – Understanding the Self and the Activity of Listening to Music Through Nishitani Keiji’ Philosophy
Authors: Kuusela Anttoni
Published: September 2024

In our everyday life, music is taken as an object – an object that is helpful in one sense or the other: Music can help alleviate sadness, lift the mood if life seems a bit dull, or enhance an already great atmosphere. In other words, music is often approached as an instrument of so-called affective scaffolding. Yet music is more than an instrument which can be used to gain desired affective states. In the present paper, the possibility of an experience of listening without a listener is examined – that is, an experience where music is not separated from one’s self into an instrument, into an external object. The analysis of listening without a listener carried out here will be based on Nishitani Keiji’s philosophy of emptiness. Additionally, I will critically employ the concept of affective scaffolding and elaborate the possibility of listening without a listener in relation to this concept. The aim of this paper is to show that there are hidden depths in our relation to music, which are obscured by taking music as an object and by approaching it instrumentally. Further, it will be argued that by illuminating these hidden depths we can, moreover, understand ourselves more deeply, to reveal the empty nature of our selves.
Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5‐Year Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Xue Ming , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Martin Elinor , Novoa Hector Mayol , McPherson Renee A. , Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Rasmussen Roy , Prein Andreas F. , Perez Andres Vitaliano , Morales Isaac Yanqui , Ticona Jara José Luis , Flores Luna Auria Julieta
Published: September 2024

Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection‐permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6‐year period, including a one‐year spin‐up period, at a 15‐km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection‐permitting 3‐km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4‐km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), three gridded precipitation products, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km‐scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3‐km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4‐km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low‐level jet and terrain‐induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests model improvements and better model configurations for future regional climate projections.
Updated OMI Glyoxal Column Measurements Using Collection 4 Level 1B Radiances
Authors: Kwon Hyeong‐Ahn , González Abad Gonzalo , Chan Miller Christopher , Hall Kirsten R. , Nowlan Caroline R. , O’Sullivan Ewan , Wang Huiqun , Chong Heesung , Ayazpour Zolal , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly
Published: September 2024

This study presents new glyoxal (CHOCHO) products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) by utilizing updated level 1B irradiance/radiance data (Collection 4) and an updated glyoxal retrieval algorithm. The adoption of Collection 4 contributes to the reduction of artificial signals in differential glyoxal slant column densities (dSCDs) and improved fitting root mean square, and the updated retrieval settings result in fewer negative values of glyoxal dSCDs over oceans and less noisy dSCDs in the South Atlantic Anomaly. On‐line calculations of air mass factors consider interactive physical processes between input parameters. To address persistent trends in glyoxal SCDs over the Pacific Ocean that remain despite these updates, a trend correction is implemented. We evaluate the updated OMI glyoxal products using inter‐comparisons with GOME‐2A/2B glyoxal products. OMI glyoxal products exhibit good spatial and temporal agreement with GOME‐2A/2B, with correlation coefficients of 0.75–0.78 globally and 0.84–0.85 over source regions. Small biases are observed in OMI glyoxal vertical column densities, ranging from −0.2 ± 5.7% to 9 ± 3% in low and high glyoxal conditions, respectively, against GOME‐2A/2B. These advancements contribute to the reliability and accuracy of OMI glyoxal products, enhancing their utility for atmospheric studies and enabling a 20‐year‐long data record suitable for climate studies.
Indian Ocean Acidification and Its Driving Mechanisms Over the Last Four Decades (1980–2019)
Authors: Chakraborty Kunal , Joshi A. P. , Ghoshal Prasanna Kanti , Baduru Balaji , Valsala Vinu , Sarma V. V. S. S. , Metzl Nicolas , Gehlen Marion , Chevallier Frédéric , Lo Monaco Claire
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to study the changes in the Indian Ocean seawater pH in response to the changes in sea‐surface temperature, sea‐surface salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (ALK) over the period 1980–2019 and its driving mechanisms using a high‐resolution regional model outputs. The analysis indicates that the rate of change of declining pH in the Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) is −0.014 0.002, −0.014 0.001, and −0.015 0.001 unit dec−1, respectively. Both in AS and BoB (EIO), the highest (lowest) decadal DIC trend is found during 2000–2009. The surface acidification rate has accelerated throughout the IO region during 2010–2019 compared to the previous decades. Further, our analysis indicates that El Ninõ and positive Indian Ocean Dipole events lead to an enhancement of the Indian Ocean acidification. The increasing anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean dominantly controls 80% (94.5% and 85.7%) of the net pH trend (1980–2019) in AS (BoB and EIO), whereas ocean warming controls 14.4% (13.4% and 7.0%) of pH trends in AS (BoB and EIO). The changes in ALK contribute to enhancing the pH trend of AS by 5.0%. ALK dominates after DIC in the EIO and, similar to the AS, contributes to increasing the negative pH trend by 10.7%. In contrast, it has a buffering effect in the BoB, suppressing the pH trend by −5.4%.
Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude
Authors: Bjørge‐Engeland I. , Østgaard N. , Sarria D. , Marisaldi M. , Mezentsev A. , Fuglestad A. , Lehtinen N. , Grove J. E. , Shy D. , Lang T. , Quick M. , Christian H. , Schultz C. , Blakeslee R. , Adams I. , Kroodsma R. , Heymsfield G. , Ullaland K. , Yang S. , Qureshi B. Hasan , Søndergaard J. , Husa B. , Walker D. , Bateman M. , Mach D. , Bitzer P. , Fullekrug M. , Cohen M. , Stanley M. , Cummer S. , Montanya J. , Pazos M. , Velosa C. , van der Velde O. , Pu Y. , Krehbiel P. , Roncancio J. A. , Lopez J. A. , Urbani M. , Santos A. , Neubert T. , Gordillo‐Vazquez F.
Published: September 2024

Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten‐to‐hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma‐rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to ∼1017–1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015–1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space.
Submicron Organic Aerosol Types in the Summertime Arctic: Mixing State, Geographic Distribution, and Drivers
Authors: Su Bojiang , Zhang Guohua , Song Congbo , Liang Yue , Wang Longqun , Li Lei , Zhou Zhen , Yan Jinpei , Wang Xinming , Bi Xinhui
Published: September 2024

During the 2017 summertime Arctic cruise observation campaigns, we measured over 290,000 individual submicron particles and clustered them into two inorganic classes (dominated by sea salt, accounting for 38.6% by number fraction) and five organic classes (dominated by natural and anthropogenic organics, 61.4%), presenting a distinct difference in geographic distribution. In the high Arctic and marginal ice zone (81.1–84.6°N) compared with the low Arctic (Chukchi Sea, Svalbard, and Iceland, <80°N), ocean‐derived organic aerosols were more prevalent (73.6% vs. 37.1%). Specifically, we found sharp contrasts in the geographic distributions of OC‐Ca (organics internally mixed with calcium, 29.0% vs. 9.4%) and OC‐S (organics internally mixed with sulfate, 3.2% vs. 21.4%). Utilizing an explainable machine learning technique, we inferred that OC‐Ca was driven by wind‐blown sea ice and/or sea ice floes and/or bubble bursting within sea ice leads under low wind speed conditions in the high Arctic, while OC‐S tended to associate with elemental carbon, sulfate, and higher temperatures, potentially originating from combustion emissions at low latitude regions.
Health-related quality of life at 5 years of age for children born very preterm with congenital anomalies: a multi-national cohort study
Authors: Kim Sung Wook , Tian Xiaoyu , Andronis Lazaros , Maier Rolf F. , Varendi Heili , Seppänen Anna-Veera , Siljehav Veronica , Draper Elizabeth S. , Zeitlin Jennifer , Petrou Stavros ,   On behalf of the SHIPS Research Group,   Belgium, Lebeer J. , Van Reempts P. , Bruneel E. , Cloet E. , Oostra A. , Ortibus E. , Sarrechia I. ,   Denmark, Boerch K. , Pedersen P. ,   Estonia, Toome L. , Varendi H. , Männamaa M. ,   France, Ancel P. Y. , Burguet A. , Jarreau P. H. , Pierrat V. , Truffert P. ,   Germany, Maier R. F. , Zemlin M. , Misselwitz B. , Wohlers L. ,   Italy, Cuttini M. , Croci I. , Carnielli V. , Ancora G. , Faldella G. , Ferrari F. ,   The Netherlands, Koopman-Esseboom C. ,   Poland, Gadzinowski J. , Mazela J. , Montgomery A. , Pikuła T. ,   Portugal, Barros H. , Costa R. , Rodrigues C. ,   Sweden, Aden U. ,   United Kingdom, Draper E. S. , Fenton A. , Johnson S. J. ,   EFCNI, Mader S. , Thiele N. , Pfeil J. M. ,   Health Economics team, Petrou S. , Kim S. W. , Andronis L. ,   Inserm Coordination, Zeitlin J. , Aubert A. M. , Bonnet C. , El Rafei R. , Seppänen A. V.
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 5 years of age of European children born very preterm across multi-dimensional outcomes by presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Methods

The study used data from a European cohort of children born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) and followed up to 5 years of age (N = 3493). Multilevel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the associations between the presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Results

The mean total PedsQL™ GCS score for children with a mild congenital anomaly was lower than the respective value for children without a congenital anomaly by 3.7 points (p < 0.05), controlling for socioeconomic variables only; this effect was attenuated when accumulatively adjusting for perinatal characteristics (3.3 points (p < 0.05)) and neonatal morbidities (3.1 (p < 0.05)). The mean total PedsQL™ GCS scores for children who had a severe congenital anomaly were lower by 7.1 points (p < 0.001), 6.6 points (p < 0.001) and 6.0 points (p < 0.001) when accumulatively adjusting for socioeconomic, perinatal and neonatal variables, respectively.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the presence and severity of congenital anomalies are significant predictors of HRQoL outcomes in children born very preterm.

Impact

Children born very preterm with congenital anomalies experience poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than their very preterm counterparts born without congenital anomalies.

Increased severity of these anomalies compounds the negative impacts on HRQoL.

Our findings can be used by stakeholders for clinical and planning purposes.
Evolutionary dynamics of the successful expansion of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST3 in Latin America
Authors: Campbell Amy Marie , Gavilan Ronnie G. , Abanto Marin Michel , Yang Chao , Hauton Chris , van Aerle Ronny , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime
Published: September 2024

The underlying evolutionary mechanisms driving global expansions of pathogen strains are poorly understood. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of only two marine pathogens where variants have emerged in distinct climates globally. The success of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus clone (VpST3) in Latin America- the first spread identified outside its endemic region of tropical Asia- provided an invaluable opportunity to investigate mechanisms of VpST3 expansion into a distinct marine climate. A global collection of VpST3 isolates and novel Latin American isolates were used for evolutionary population genomics, pangenome analysis and combined with oceanic climate data. We found a VpST3 population (LatAm-VpST3) introduced in Latin America well before the emergence of this clone in India, previously considered the onset of the VpST3 epidemic. LatAm-VpST3 underwent successful adaptation to local conditions over its evolutionary divergence from Asian VpST3 isolates, to become dominant in Latin America. Selection signatures were found in genes providing resilience to the distinct marine climate. Core genome mutations and accessory gene presences that promoted survival over long dispersals or increased environmental fitness were associated with environmental conditions. These results provide novel insights into the global expansion of this successful V. parahaemolyticus clone into regions with different climate scenarios.
Ambient-pressure alkoxycarbonylation for sustainable synthesis of ester
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yuan Haiyang , Liu Ye , Deng Zijie , Douthwaite Mark , Dummer Nicholas F. , Lewis Richard J. , Liu Xingwu , Luan Sen , Dong Minghua , Wang Tianjiao , Xu Qingling , Zhao Zhijuan , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: September 2024

Alkoxycarbonylation reactions are common in the chemical industry, yet process sustainability is limited by the inefficient utilization of CO. In this study, we address this issue and demonstrate that significant improvements can be achieved by adopting a heterogeneously catalyzed process, using a Ru/NbOx catalyst. The Ru/NbOx catalyst enables the direct synthesis of methyl propionate, a key industrial commodity, with over 98% selectivity from CO, ethylene and methanol, without any ligands or acid/base promoters. Under ambient CO pressure, a high CO utilization efficiency (336 mmolestermolCO−1h−1) is achieved. Mechanistic investigations reveal that CO undergoes a methoxycarbonyl (COOCH3) intermediate pathway, attacking the terminal carbon atom of alkene and yielding linear esters. The origins of prevailing linear regioselectivity in esters are revealed. The infrared spectroscopic feature of the key COOCH3 species is observed at 1750 cm−1 (C=O vibration) both experimentally and computationally. The broad substrate applicability of Ru/NbOx catalyst for ester production is demonstrated. This process offers a sustainable and efficient approach with high CO utilization and atom economy for the synthesis of esters.
Progress on the research and development of plague vaccines with a call to action
Authors: Williamson E. Diane , Kilgore Paul B. , Hendrix Emily K. , Neil Blake H. , Sha Jian , Chopra Ashok K.
Published: September 2024

There is a compelling demand for approved plague vaccines due to the endemicity ofYersinia pestisand its potential for pandemic spread. Whilst substantial progress has been made, we recommend that the global funding and health security systems should work urgently to translate some of the efficacious vaccines reviewed herein to expedite clinical development and to prevent future disastrous plague outbreaks, particularly caused by antimicrobial resistantY. pestisstrains.

Content includes material subject to Crown Copyright © 2024.This is an open access article under the Open Government License (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/).
Comparative genomics reveal a novel phylotaxonomic order in the genus Fusobacterium
Authors: Molteni Cristian , Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Sironi Manuela
Published: September 2024

Fusobacteria have been associated to different diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), but knowledge of which taxonomic groups contribute to specific conditions is incomplete. We analyzed the genetic diversity and relationships within the Fusobacterium genus. We report recent and ancestral recombination in core genes, indicating that fusobacteria have mosaic genomes and emphasizing that taxonomic demarcation should not rely on single genes/gene regions. Across databases, we found ample evidence of species miss-classification and of undescribed species, which are both expected to complicate disease association. By focusing on a lineage that includes F. periodonticum/pseudoperiodonticum and F. nucleatum, we show that genomes belong to four modern populations, but most known species/subspecies emerged from individual ancestral populations. Of these, the F. periodonticum/pseudoperiodonticum population experienced the lowest drift and displays the highest genetic diversity, in line with the less specialized distribution of these bacteria in oral sites. A highly drifted ancestral population instead contributed genetic ancestry to a new species, which includes genomes classified within the F. nucleatum animalis diversity in a recent CRC study. Thus, evidence herein calls for further evolutionary and phylogenomic analyses based on more Flavobacterium nucleatum genome sequences. More generally, our data inform future molecular profiling approaches to investigate the epidemiology of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.
Moderate and high-temperature metamorphic conditions produced diverse phosphorous species for the origin of life
Authors: Baidya Abu Saeed , Pasek Matthew Adam , Stüeken Eva E.
Published: September 2024

Low solubility and low reactivity towards organic compounds make phosphorus a problematic element for the origin and early evolution of life. Reduced and polymerized phosphorus species are more bioavailable and may resolve these issues, but widespread formation pathways for these species are not well understood. Here we show, using experiments and thermodynamic modelling, that diverse polyphosphates (straight-chains with up to five and cyclophosphates with three and four phosphate molecules) and reduced phosphite can form under ferruginous anhydrous conditions at 80-700 °C. We find that hydrogen and temperature enhance phosphite production while polyphosphate formation maximizes at moderate temperatures (175-200 °C). Chromite and Nickel-bearing minerals enhance phosphate polymerization and reduction whereas magnetite inhibits them. These findings expand on previous investigations of thermally induced changes in phosphorus-speciation and show that these reactions may be widespread in nature. Metamorphism of ferruginous sediments, serpentinization, as well as subaerial lakes exposed to volcanic heating could potentially produce a wealth of polyphosphates along with phosphite on the early Earth. Later, these species may have participated in prebiotic phosphorylation reactions upon liberation by subsequent fluid infiltration. Our results thus offer a more widespread pathway for the generation of reactive phosphorus for the origin of life.
Significant effects of minor chemical composition changes on the structure and property of (Pb1−ySry)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.07ZrxTi0.93−xO3:zLa
Authors: Guo Jian , Yan Ming-Yuan , Yu Hao-Ran , Zhang Ji , Yuan Guoliang , Zhang Shan-Tao
Published: September 2024

Herein, an excellent Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3),Zr,Ti]O3 piezoceramic with remarkable electrical properties and thermal stabilities was achieved, implying an outstanding application potential.
De novo synthesis of 6-6-5 fused systems through electrochemical decarboxylation and radical domino additions
Authors: Yuan Chengcheng , Liu Guanru , Guan Wenjing , Hang Jinlin , Fang Zheng , Liu Chengkou , Guo Kai
Published: September 2024

An oxidant and quaternary ammonium salt-free electrosynthesis of 6-6-5 fused systems was developed with excellent atom and step economy.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel thiazole derivatives as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors
Authors: Faggal Samar I. , El-Dash Yara , Sonousi Amr , Abdou Amr M. , Hassan Rasha A.
Published: September 2024

A series of new thiazole derivatives 3a–q were synthesized and tested against 60 cancer cell lines at the NCI, USA. Compound 3b showed the highest activity against PI3Kα with IC50 = 0.086 ± 0.005 μM and IC50 of 0.221 ± 0.014 μM against mTOR.
Targeting protein aggregation: the promising application of polyoxometalates in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Chen Junyi , Yang Wen-Zhu , Chen Huilan , Ding Xiuxia , Chen Hongxu , Zhan Cai-Hong , Jin Zhigang
Published: September 2024

Recent progress in the therapeutic applications of polyoxometalates (POMs) to target protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is reviewed.
Visible light-mediated gold-catalyzed alkynylative cyclization of allenoates with iodoalkynes for the synthesis of β-alkynyl-γ-butenolides
Authors: He Yuanhao , Zhong Yu , Marion Maria Ballarin , Luna Jorge C. Herrera , Ma Wanping , Hu Yanfei , Ollivier Cyril , Mouriès-Mansuy Virginie , Fensterbank Louis , Zhao Fen , Xia Zhonghua , Fan Baomin
Published: September 2024

A method for the tandem cyclization/alkynylation of allenoates with iodoalkynes via gold catalysis under light irradiation is described. Mechanistic studies support that an energy-transfer event takes place, rather than a redox pathway.
Palladium-catalyzed 1,2-selective intermolecular arylamination of 1,3-dienes
Authors: Li Zhuo-Mei , Zhang Zhe , Li Xue-Song , Jiao Rui-Qiang , Chen Xi , Liu Xue-Yuan
Published: September 2024

This method provides an effective means for the 1,2-selective arylamination of 1,3-dienes, demonstrating a wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance and solving the problem of poor selectivity in dienes.
Array-based specific classification of bacterial species via hydrophilic/hydrophobic biosensors
Authors: Li Xizhe , Xue Pengxin , Wang Haoyu , Li Haojie , Du Ruolan , Gao Jie , Wong Kwok-Yin , Qin Yong
Published: September 2024

A fluorescent array for bacterial classification uses gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. Hydrophilic AuNCs bind more to G+, while hydrophobic AuNCs prefer G−, enabling specific bacterial detection.
Dynamic environment UAV deployment algorithm based on potential game theory
Authors: Gu Chuan , Wu Binbin , Guo Daoxing , Jiang Hao
Published: September 2024

To address the issue of low coverage resulting from the challenge of acquiring the optimal deployment position in commonly used distributed deployment algorithms, this study presents a three‐dimensional deployment algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on potential games. First, a local mutually beneficial game model is designed to demonstrate the existence of exact potential games and Nash equilibrium. The Nash equilibrium solution corresponds to the maximum coverage. Next, drawing inspiration from exploration, a solution method called Exploration Spatial Adaptive Play is proposed. It utilizes the maximum utility function value from multiple step sizes in the exploration direction to update the action selection probability, thereby ensuring the optimal deployment position in each decision cycle. To address the issue of sensor position error, a method for processing sensor position errors is proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed distributed deployment algorithm achieves higher coverage compared to commonly used methods.
Predictive control method with conduction mode detection to suppress input current distortion of three‐level power factor correction
Authors: Xie Xifeng , Shu Zeliang , Chen Rongxin , Yin Jianghong , Ling Chunxiang
Published: September 2024

A novel predictive control method with conduction mode detection is proposed to suppress input current distortion of three‐level power factor correction (PFC) converters. In PFC converter, the input current is mostly distorted in continuous conduction mode (CCM) with conventional control methods. The proposed predictive control method comprises of a predictive CCM algorithm, a predictive discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) algorithm, and a conduction mode detection technique. By analysing four switching states of PFC converter and based on the inductor current ripple, predictive control duty cycles in CCM and DCM are derived, and the optimal duty cycle is determined by forecasting the next cycle current. According to the duty cycle characteristics, the conduction mode is detected without additional detection algorithms and circuits, achieving the input current tracking the input voltage. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed predictive control method are validated through simulation and experiment.