bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
True Grit: A Story of Perseverance Making Two Out of Three the First Non-Animal Testing Strategy (Adopted as OECD Guideline No. 497)
Authors: Mehling Annette , Kolle Susanne N. , Wareing Britta , Landsiedel Robert
Published: February 2022

In the last two decades, great strides have been made in developing alternative methods to animal testing for regulatory and safety testing. In 2021, a breakthrough in regulatory testing was achieved in that the first test strategies employing non-animal test methods for skin sensitization have been accepted as OECD guideline 497, which falls under the mutual acceptance of data (MAD) by OECD member states. Achieving this goal was a story of hard work and perseverance of the many people involved. This review gives an overview of some of the many aspects and timelines this entailed—just from the perspective of one stakeholder. In the end, the true grit of all involved allowed us to achieve not only a way forward in using test strategies for skin sensitization, but also a new approach to address other complex toxicological effects without the use of animals in the future.
Deciphering Molecular Dynamics of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV): A Looming Threat to Pakistan’s Dairy Industry
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad , Syed Zainab , Manzoor Shumaila , Arshed Muhammad Javed
Published: February 2022

Milk is seen as a chief source of protein and other biologically available nutrients for human beings. Pakistan, the fourth largest milk-producing country, is badly affected by the contagious transboundary apthoviral disease of ungulate animals; the foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. FMD is endemic in Pakistan and has caused significant economic loss to the dairy industry in the form of a profound decrease in milk production and increased morbidity and deaths of dairy animals. Inclusively, the case fatality ratio of FMD was 15.11%. Of the seven FMDV serotypes, (O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3), three serotypes (O, A, and Asia-1) are endemic in Pakistan. Rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tools are required for efficient control of this disease. Presently, FMD in the laboratory is diagnosed via ELISA and molecular approaches, i.e., RT-PCR. Serotype-specific RT-PCR analysis not only confirms ELISA serotyping results but can also be used for the screening of ELISA negative samples. Genotypically, FMDV serotype O has a topotype (Middle East–South Asia (ME–SA) and lineage PanAsia-2) that is reported frequently from different areas of Pakistan. Confirmed cases of serotype A and Asia-1 are also reported. The information gathered can be used for understanding the molecular epidemiology of FMD in Pakistan. Further studies on the molecular dynamics of FMD could be useful for ensuring the timely diagnosis of this deadly pathogen, which would ultimately be beneficial for the mass vaccination programs of FMD in Pakistan.
Effect of Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency on Pregnancy and Puerperium
Authors: Sysák Rastislav , Brennerová Katarína , Krlín Romana , Štencl Peter , Rusňák Igor , Vargová Mária
Published: February 2022

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common inherited metabolic disorder in urea cycles with an incidence of 1:14,000 live births. Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period are considered challenging for women with this hereditary metabolic disorder, with a risk of hyperammonemia, especially in the first week after delivery. In our article, we discuss severe hepatic failure, a pregnancy complication in an OTC deficient patient that has not previously been published. Firstly, our aim is to highlight the need for a strict adherence to the recommendation of the gradual increase of protein intake during pregnancy and the importance of multidisciplinary monitoring of pregnant patients with OTC deficiency. Secondly, we refer to critical postpartum hyperammonemia in patients with this hereditary metabolic disorder.
Smart Evaluation Index of Roof SHS Suitability
Authors: Zhao Juan , Bai Yifei , Gao Junmei , Qiang Tianwei , Liang Pei
Published: February 2022

The instability of solar energy and its resource distribution characteristics make it difficult to judge its suitability in practical engineering applications, which hinders its promotion and application. In order to better promote the effective use of solar energy and promote the solar heating system, it is necessary to put forward a simple method of judging the suitability of the solar heating system for engineering application. This study puts forward “F, Q” as the basis for judging the suitability of solar heating systems built on the roof. Two types of public buildings, office buildings and three-star hotels, are taken as the research objects. DeST software is used to change the heating area of the building by superimposing floors to simulate the heat load of the building when the heating area changes. A dynamic simulation coupling model of solar heating system is established in the TRNSYS software to analyze the operating status of the system under all working conditions. The functional relationship between “F, Q” and solar energy guarantee rate is established, and the solar energy contribution rate is divided into three regions of F < 30%, 30% ≤ F ≤ 50%, and F > 50%. The evaluation standard of the building suitability of the solar energy heating system is established according to the scope of “F, Q” in different regions (An office building for, e.g., if the contribution rate of solar heating system is required to be greater than 50%, the “F” of these four areas should be greater than 0.11388, 0.15543, 0.10572, and 0.04511.), and the effectiveness of “F” is verified through actual cases verified by other scholars in the research. The method proposed in this paper is helpful to judge the suitability of solar heating systems in different regions and different types of conventional buildings, so as to better promote solar heating systems.
Conditions for Scalar and Electromagnetic Wave Pulses to Be “Strange” or Not
Authors: Saari Peeter , Besieris Ioannis M.
Published: February 2022

Vector-valued electromagnetic waves for which the integral of the electric field over time is zero at every location in space were characterized as “usual” by Bessonov several decades ago. Otherwise, they were called “strange”. Recently, Popov and Vinogradov studied conditions leading to usual waves using a spectral representation. Their main result is that pulses of finite energy in free space are usual and, consequently, bipolar. However, they do not exclude the possibility of the existence of finite-energy strange pulses, although quite exotic, in a vacuum. Our emphasis in this article is to examine what the relevant necessary and sufficient conditions are for usual and strange waves, particularly for scalar pulses. Illustrative examples are provided, including spherical symmetric collapsing pulses, propagation-invariant, and the so-called almost undistorted spatiotemporally localized waves. Finally, source-generated strange electromagnetic fields are reported.
Nucleophilic Radiofluorination Using Tri-tert-Butanol Ammonium as a Bifunctional Organocatalyst: Mechanism and Energetics
Authors: Oh Young-Ho , Shinde Sandip S. , Lee Sungyul
Published: February 2022

We present a quantum chemical analysis of the 18F-fluorination of 1,3-ditosylpropane, promoted by a quaternary ammonium salt (tri-(tert-butanol)-methylammonium iodide (TBMA-I) with moderate to good radiochemical yields (RCYs), experimentally observed by Shinde et al. We obtained the mechanism of the SN2 process, focusing on the role of the –OH functional groups facilitating the reactions. We found that the counter-cation TBMA+ acts as a bifunctional promoter: the –OH groups function as a bidentate ‘anchor’ bridging the nucleophile [18F]F− and the –OTs leaving group or the third –OH. These electrostatic interactions cooperate for the formation of the transition states of a very compact configuration for facile SN2 18F-fluorination.
Biotic Cathode of Graphite Fibre Brush for Improved Application in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Rusli Siti Farah Nadiah , Daud Siti Mariam , Abu Bakar Mimi Hani , Loh Kee Shyuan , Masdar Mohd Shahbudin
Published: February 2022

The biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising and a cheap alternative method to improve cathode reaction performance. This study aims to identify the effect of the electrode combination between non-chemical modified stainless steel (SS) and graphite fibre brush (GFB) for constructing bio-electrodes in an MFC. In this study, the MFC had two chambers, separated by a cation exchange membrane, and underwent a total of four different treatments with different electrode arrangements (anodeǁcathode)—SSǁSS (control), GFBǁSS, GFBǁGFB and SSǁGFB. Both electrodes were heat-treated to improve surface oxidation. On the 20th day of the operation, the GFBǁGFB arrangement generated the highest power density, up to 3.03 W/m3 (177 A/m3), followed by the SSǁGFB (0.0106 W/m3, 0.412 A/m3), the GFBǁSS (0.0283 W/m3, 17.1 A/m3), and the SSǁSS arrangements (0.0069 W/m−3, 1.64 A/m3). The GFBǁGFB had the lowest internal resistance (0.2 kΩ), corresponding to the highest power output. The other electrode arrangements, SSǁGFB, GFBǁSS, and SSǁSS, showed very high internal resistance (82 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ and 18 kΩ, respectively) due to the low proton and electron movement activity in the MFC systems. The results show that GFB materials can be used as anode and cathode in a fully biotic MFC system.
Halogen-Bond Mediated [2+2] Photodimerizations: À la Carte Access to Unsymmetrical Cyclobutanes in the Solid State
Authors: Quentin Jay , Reinheimer Eric W. , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: February 2022

The ditopic halogen-bond (X-bond) donors 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-di-I-tFb, respectively) form binary cocrystals with the unsymmetrical ditopic X-bond acceptor trans-1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (2,4-bpe). The components of each cocrystal (1,2-di-I-tFb)·(2,4-bpe), (1,3-di-I-tFb)·(2,4-bpe), and (1,4-di-I-tFb)·(2,4-bpe) assemble via N···I X-bonds. For (1,2-di-I-tFb)·(2,4-bpe) and (1,3-di-I-tFb)·(2,4-bpe), the X-bond donor supports the C=C bonds of 2,4-bpe to undergo a topochemical [2+2] photodimerization in the solid state: UV-irradiation of each solid resulted in stereospecific, regiospecific, and quantitative photodimerization of 2,4-bpe to the corresponding head-to-tail (ht) or head-to-head (hh) cyclobutane photoproduct, respectively.
Microstructure and First Hydrogenation Properties of TiHfZrNb1−xV1+x Alloy for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1
Authors: Sleiman Salma , Huot Jacques
Published: February 2022

The effect of the substitution of Nb by V on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of TiHfZrNb1−xV1+x alloys (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1) was investigated. For x = 0, the alloy was pure BCC and upon the substitution of niobium by vanadium, the BCC was progressively replaced by HCP and FCC phases. For x = 0.6, a C15 phase was also present and becomes the main phase for x = 1. The substitution greatly enhanced the first hydrogenation and makes it possible at room temperature under 20 bars of hydrogen. The capacity of all substituted alloys was around 2 wt.%.
Efficient Estimation of Permeate Flux of Asymmetric Ceramic Membranes for Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Authors: Fu Kaiyun , Guo Yunzhao , Qi Wenbo , Chen Xianfu , Qiu Minghui , Fan Yiqun
Published: February 2022

Ceramic membranes have the advantages of high mechanical strength and thermal stability and are promising candidates for membrane distillation. Ceramic membranes are generally designed to have a multilayer structure with different pore sizes to create a high liquid entry pressure and obtain a high permeability. However, these structural characteristics pose significant difficulties in predicting permeate flux in a ceramic membrane contactor for vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). Here, a modeling approach was developed to simulate the VMD process and verified by comparing the simulated results with the experimental data. Furthermore, correlations are proposed to simplify the calculations of permeate flux for VMD using asymmetric ceramic membranes by assuming those multilayers to be an effectively quasi-symmetric layer and by introducing a correction factor. The simulation results indicated that this simplified correlation was effective and enabled a quick estimation of the effect of membrane parameters on permeate flux.
Cytotoxic 13,28 Epoxy Bridged Oleanane-Type Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Ardisia crispa
Authors: Yin Xin , Hu Ruihang , Zhou Yongqiang , Zhu Weiqian , Zhou Ying
Published: February 2022

Ardisiacrispin D–F (1–3), three new 13,28 epoxy bridged oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, together with four known analogues (4–7) were isolated from the roots of Ardisia crispa. The structures of 1–7 were elucidated based on 1D and 2D-NMR experiments and by comparing their spectroscopic data with values from the published literatures. Ardisiacrispin D–F (1–3) are first examples that the monosaccharide directly linked to aglycone C-3 of triterpenoid saponins in genus Ardisia are non-arabinopyranose. In the present paper, all compounds are evaluated for the cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2 and U87 MG) in vitro. The results show that compounds 1, 4 and 6 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Hela and U87 MG cells with IC50 values in the range of 2.2 ± 0.6 to 9.5 ± 1.8 µM. The present investigation suggests that roots of A. crispa could be a potential source of natural anti-tumor agents and their triterpenoid saponins might be responsible for cytotoxicity.
Acid Dissociation Constants of the Benzimidazole Unit in the Polybenzimidazole Chain: Configuration Effects
Authors: Antonov Liudmil , Kawauchi Susumu , Shirata Kei
Published: February 2022

The acid dissociation constant of three benzimidazoles, namely 2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole, 2,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole, and 5,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole, have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations in gas phase and in aqueous solution. The theoretical approach was validated by the comparing of predicted and experimentally determined pKa values in imidazole, benzimidazole, and 2-phenylbenzimidazole. From the studied compounds, 2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole was found to be the most acidic, which made it a valuable candidate as a material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 5-Indolylmethylen-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Horishny Volodymyr , Geronikaki Athina , Kartsev Victor , Matiychuk Vasyl , Petrou Anthi , Pogodin Pavel , Poroikov Vladimir , Papadopoulou Theodora A. , Vizirianakis Ioannis S. , Kostic Marina , Ivanov Marija , Sokovic Marina
Published: February 2022

Background: Infectious diseases represent a significant global strain on public health security and impact on socio-economic stability all over the world. The increasing resistance to the current antimicrobial treatment has resulted in the crucial need for the discovery and development of novel entities for the infectious treatment with different modes of action that could target both sensitive and resistant strains. Methods: Compounds were synthesized using the classical organic chemistry methods. Prediction of biological activity spectra was carried out using PASS and PASS-based web applications. Pharmacophore modeling in LigandScout software was used for quantitative modeling of the antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method. AutoDock 4.2® software was used to elucidate probable bacterial and fungal molecular targets of the studied compounds. Results: All compounds exhibited better antibacterial potency than ampicillin against all bacteria tested. Three compounds were tested against resistant strains MRSA, P. aeruginosa and E. coli and were found to be more potent than MRSA than reference drugs. All compounds demonstrated a higher degree of antifungal activity than the reference drugs bifonazole (6–17-fold) and ketoconazole (13–52-fold). Three of the most active compounds could be considered for further development of the new, more potent antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Compounds 5b (Z)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one and 5g (Z)-3-[5-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-benzoic acid as well as 5h (Z)-3-(5-((5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)benzoic acid can be considered as lead compounds for further development of more potent and safe antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Interrupted Intramolecular Hydroaminomethylation of N-Protected-2-vinyl Anilines: Novel Access to 3-Substitued Indoles or Indoline-2-ols
Authors: Hochberger-Roa Frank , García-Ríos Perla H. , López-Cortés José G. , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen , Daran Jean-Claude , Gouygou Maryse , Urrutigoïty Martine
Published: February 2022

A new synthetic alternative to the synthesis of 3-methyl indoles and 3-methyl indoline-2-ols with an excellent atomic economy is presented in this study. It is demonstrated that the intramolecular interrupted hydroaminomethylation (HAM) reaction is a powerful tool for the formation of these compounds, which exhibit wide-ranging biological activity. Several N-Protected-2-vinyl anilines were synthesized and involved in the reaction producing the corresponding 3-methylindole or 3-methyl indoline-2-ol depending on the nature of the N-protecting groups.
Construction of a Chemical Kinetic Model of Five-Component Gasoline Surrogates under Lean Conditions
Authors: Yang Chao , Zheng Zhaolei
Published: February 2022

The requirements for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines and reducing emissions have promoted the development of new combustion technologies under extreme operating conditions (e.g., lean combustion), and the ignition and combustion characteristics of fuels are increasingly becoming important. A chemical kinetic reduced mechanism consisting of 115 species and 414 elementary reactions is developed for the prediction of ignition and combustion behaviors of gasoline surrogate fuels composed of five components, namely, isooctane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene, and cyclohexane (CHX). The CHX sub-mechanism is obtained by simplifying the JetSurF2.0 mechanism using direct relationship graph error propagating, rate of production analysis, and temperature sensitivity analysis and CHX is mainly consumed through ring-opening reactions, continuous dehydrogenation, and oxygenation reactions. In addition, kinetic parameter corrections were made for key reactions R14 and R391 based on the accuracy of the ignition delay time and laminar flame velocity predictions. Under a wide range of conditions, the mechanism’s ignition delay time, laminar flame speed, and the experimental and calculated results of multi-component gasoline surrogate fuel and real gasoline are compared. The proposed mechanism can accurately reproduce the combustion and oxidation of each component of the gasoline-surrogate fuel mixture and real gasoline.
Applications of Carbon Dots for the Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Domingo-Tafalla Beatriu , Martínez-Ferrero Eugenia , Franco Federico , Palomares-Gil Emilio
Published: February 2022

The photocatalytic and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 has the potential to provide valuable products, such as chemicals or fuels of interest, at low cost while maintaining a circular carbon cycle. In this context, carbon dots possess optical and electrochemical properties that make them suitable candidates to participate in the reaction, either as a single component or forming part of more elaborate catalytic systems. In this review, we describe several strategies where the carbon dots participate, both with amorphous and graphitic structures, in the photocatalysis or electrochemical catalysis of CO2 to provide different carbon-containing products of interest. The role of the carbon dots is analyzed as a function of their redox and light absorption characteristics and their complementarity with other known catalytic systems. Moreover, detailed information about synthetic procedures is also reviewed.
Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Assay Method for a Novel Oxazolidinone (PH-192) with Anticonvulsant Activity by Using UHPLC-QToF-MS
Authors: Al-Tannak Naser F. , Phillips Oludotun A. , Kamal Husein J. , Hemdan Ahmed
Published: February 2022

The treatment of seizure disorders with currently available pharmacotherapeutic agents is not optimal due to the failure of some patients to respond, coupled with occurrences of side effects. There is therefore a need for research into the development of new chemical entities as potential anticonvulsant agents, which are different structurally from the existing class of drugs. We recently identified a novel triazolyl-oxazolidinone derivative, PH-192, as a potential anticonvulsant agent. PH-192 demonstrated protection comparable to phenytoin against both chemically- and electrically-induced seizures in rodents with little or no central nervous system side effects. However, PH-192 did not exhibit protection beyond 30 min; therefore, we decide to investigate a stability-indicating assay of PH-192 in plasma and other solutions. A reliable and validated analytical method was developed to investigate the stability of PH-192 for 90 min in human plasma, acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions, using a Waters Acquity ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system with a quaternary Solvent Manager (H-Class). A simple extraction method indicated that PH-192 was stable in human plasma after 90 min at 37 °C, with more than 90% successfully recovered. Moreover, stress stability studies were performed, and degradants were identified using LC-QToF-MS under acidic, basic, and oxidative simulated conditions.
Discovery of Novel Non-Oxime Reactivators Showing In Vivo Antidotal Efficiency for Sarin Poisoned Mice
Authors: Wei Zhao , Zhang Xinlei , Nie Huifang , Yao Lin , Liu Yanqin , Zheng Zhibing , Ouyang Qin
Published: February 2022

A family of novel efficient non-oxime compounds exhibited promising reactivation efficacy for VX and sarin inhibited human acetylcholinesterase was discovered. It was found that aromatic groups coupled to Mannich phenols and the introduction of imidazole to the ortho position of phenols would dramatically enhance reactivation efficiency. Moreover, the in vivo experiment was conducted, and the results demonstrated that Mannich phenol L10R1 (30 mg/kg, ip) could afford 100% 48 h survival for mice of 2*LD50 sarin exposure, which is promising for the development of non-oxime reactivators with central efficiency.
Superhydrophobic Aluminium Surface to Enhance Corrosion Resistance and Obtain Self-Cleaning and Anti-Icing Ability
Authors: Rodič Peter , Kapun Barbara , Milošev Ingrid
Published: February 2022

A facile environmentally acceptable surface roughening method using chemical etching in HCl/H2O2 followed by grafting with n-octyltrimethoxysilane (AS-8) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (FAS-8) was studied to fabricate a (super)hydrophobic aluminium surface. The ground aluminium surface after selected etching times (before and after grafting), was characterised using a contact profilometer, optical tensiometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive spectroscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope to evaluate surface roughness, wettability, surface morphology and composition. The durability of the grafted surface was tested using thermal and UV resistance tests. The corrosion properties were evaluated using potentiodynamic measurements and standard salts spray testing, ASTM B117-19. Finally, the self-cleaning and anti-icing abilities were assessed. The grafted aluminium surface with octyl- or perfluorooctyl silane reflected the highly hydrophobic (AS-8) and superhydrophobic behaviour (FAS-8). Moreover, the different behaviour of the octyl- or perfluorooctyl chain in the silane molecule on modified surface properties was also noticed because durability tests confirmed greater thermal, UV stability and corrosion resistance of FAS-8 compared to AS-8. The aluminium etched for 2 min and grafted with FAS-8 also demonstrated an excellent self-cleaning and anti-icing performance.
Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection Method for the Separation and Quantification of Antioxidant and Skin Anti-Aging Flavonoids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Stamen Extract
Authors: Tungmunnithum Duangjai , Drouet Samantha , Hano Christophe
Published: February 2022

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., or the so-called sacred lotus, is a useful aquatic plant in the Nelumbonaceae family that has long been used to prepare teas, traditional medicines as well as foods. Many studies reported on the phytochemicals and biological activities of its leaves and seeds. However, to date, only few studies were conducted on its stamen, which is the most important ingredient for herbal medicines, teas and other phytopharmaceutical products. Thus, this present study focuses on the following: (1) the application of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection for a validated separation and quantification of flavonoids from stamen; (2) the Nelumbo nucifera stamen’s in vitro and in cellulo antioxidant activities; as well as (3) its potential regarding the inhibition of skin aging enzymes for cosmetic applications. The optimal separation of the main flavonoids from the stamen ethanolic extract was effectively achieved using a core-shell column. The results indicated that stamen ethanolic extract has higher concentration of in vitro and in cellulo antioxidant flavonoids than other floral components. Stamen ethanolic extract showed the highest protective effect against reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation, as confirmed by cellular antioxidant assay using a yeast model. The evaluation of potential skin anti-aging action showed that the stamen extract has higher potential to inhibit tyrosinase and collagenase compared with its whole flower. These current findings are the first report to suggest the possibility to employ N. nucifera stamen ethanolic extract as a tyrosinase and collagenase inhibitor in cosmetic applications, as well as the utility of the current separation method.
Configuration Design and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Spacecraft Membrane Sunshield
Authors: Peng Tao , Lin Qiuhong , Li Bingyan , Dai Shuwu , Luo Ani , Cong Qiang , Liu Rongqiang
Published: February 2022

To meet the needs of large space telescopes, such as light weight, high folding ratio, and low manufacturing cost, a flexible deployable regular hexagonal membrane sunshield is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the membrane plane is established by the micro-element method. Then, the response surface method is used to obtain the mathematical model of the fundamental frequency of the membrane sunshield. The factors influencing this model, such as the corner pulling force, the effective circle radius, and the edge arch height, are analyzed. By combining the formula of the fundamental frequency of the membrane sunshield and the effective area ratio of the sunshield, the multi-objective optimization function of the fundamental frequency of the membrane sunshield is obtained. A scaled-down experimental prototype of the membrane sunshield is built, and the modal test is performed on the thin membrane plane with a circular fixed boundary in the middle. Comparing the experimental results with the finite element simulation results, the mode shape and the fundamental frequency are highly consistent. This proves that the model can be used to solve the fundamental frequency of the membrane sunshield under the same boundary.
Measures for the improvement of pricing in the construction industry of the Russian Federation
Authors:   ", Vasilyeva E. Yu. ,   Budget-and-contracted work in construction",   Journal
Published: February 2022

Article contains the analysis of measures for the improvement of pricing in the construction industry of the Russian Federation, undertaken in 2016–2018 and 2019–2021. The problems, revealed during realization of reforms, are considered. The expected effects of the measures are designated. The assumptions, what steps would allow to carry out the transition to the resource method more effectively, are expressed.
Formation of a unified digital environment of "smart" cities
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Kolobova S. V. , Morozova K. V. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Rodionov R. R. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: February 2022

Population growth, urbanization and environmental problems are pushing urban infrastructures to create a new generation of cities — Smart City. Low degree of knowledge of the concept of the concept of the relevance of this topic. Smart city development is a strategic process that requires innovation in approach, planning, operation, networking and management of urban businesses.
Artificial intelligence for managing property complexes
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Kolobova S. V. , Pisarev D. D. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: February 2022

The author analyzes the processes of artificial intelligence development, the process of integration into the process of economic systems, and considers the overall impact on the production cycle of industrial property complexes. The author considers the main functional categories of artificial intelligence and the main steps of integration of intelligent automation.
Certification of experts for prevention the increase in construction costs
Authors:   State autonomous institution of Moscow ", Karakozova I. V. ,   Research analytical center",   , Moscow state construction university
Published: February 2022

The results of the research, conducted by the author within the preparation for the International Scientific Conference Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil Engineering and Environmental Economics, which took place in Moscow in 2019, are stated in the article. It was already obvious, that the imperfection of the existing approach to holding oral and written examination for the purpose of receiving (prolongation) preparation of the expert opinion by the applicant (expert) of the right and also preparation for passing an examination can result in staff deficit in expert bodies. On January 1, 2020 the obligatory certification of experts who will sign the expert opinions according to the results of verification of budget documentation, was implemented, and it was preceded by the period when experts could undergo certification. The number of applicants (experts) who could not pass examinations, speaks or about insufficient qualification for execution of the functions within job responsibilities, or about insolvency of the estimated means used at examination. It confirmed the relevance of the problem of the improvement of the procedure of experts certification. Respectively, the author pays special attention to the preparation for the examination for future experts. Training of the applicants (experts) for passing of certification has to be constructed on such principles as relevance, unambiguity, accuracy, orderliness, etc. with the compulsory use of modern educational technologies. The author pointed out the main stages of training of the applicant (expert) for certification passing. During the introduction of the offered approach to the training of applicants (experts) for passing an examination will allow to increase the importance of the held event, to increase the number of the certified experts and also will lead to economy of budgetary funds due to the decrease in unreasonable costs. results of the research of the author becomes even more relevant and it is quite useful for the practical application after 2020, in the conditions of the exit of the construction industry post-pandemic crisis.
Optimierte Produktionsplanung von Trommelgalvanikanlagen
Authors: Reimschüssel Sophie , Fuchs Uwe , Sand Guido
Published: February 2022

Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit sich die zeitaufwendige und komplexe manuelle Erstellung von Trommelgalvanik-Fahrplänen mittels Methoden der gemischt-ganzzahligen Optimierung automatisieren lässt. Hierzu werden zwei reale Problemstellungen unterschiedlicher Größe und Struktur systematisch analysiert und auf das Optimierungsmodell von Steneberg abgebildet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Eigenschaften realer Problemstellungen großteils abbildbar sind; Eigenschaften, welche dem Modell bislang noch fehlen, werden aufgedeckt und beschrieben. Bei beiden Problemstellungen stellt sich heraus, dass das Optimierungsmodell nicht innerhalb der erforderlichen Antwortzeit lösbar ist. Mit Hilfe der in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Modellvereinfachungsstrategie kann die Lösungszeit der Optimierungsmodelle deutlich reduziert werden. Obwohl bei Anwendung dieser Strategie Optimierungspotential verloren geht, ist es möglich, für das kleinere Anwendungsbeispiel innerhalb von 13 min Rechenzeit einen Fahrplan zu erstellen, welcher eine um 20 % höhere Anlagenauslastung gegenüber der bisherigen manuellen Planung ermöglicht. Für kleinere Parametersätze des größeren Anwendungsbeispiels kann die Vereinfachungsstrategie ebenfalls erfolgreich angewendet und die Rechenzeitgrenzen des Modells aufgezeigt werden.
Geschlossener Informationsfluss über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus als Wegbereiter zur effizienten Refabrikation
Authors: Schaupeter Lars , Vette-Steinkamp Matthias
Published: February 2022

Die Refabrikation wird eine entscheidende Rolle zur Erreichung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft einnehmen, denn durch diesen Prozess können bereits ausgediente Produkte wieder in einen neuwertigen Zustand gebracht und dem Markt erneut hinzugefügt werden. Dennoch steht die Refabrikation vor Hindernissen, welche überwunden werden müssen. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen geben und den Stand der Technik erörtern, wie ein durchgängiger und geschlossener Informationsfluss über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Lösung dieser Hindernisse liefern kann.
Virtualisierungsarchitektur für heterogene CAx-Tools im Engineering modularer Produktionssysteme
Authors: Hildebrandt Gary , Habiger Pascal , Drath Rainer , Barth Mike
Published: February 2022

Modularisierung und virtuelles Engineering sind vielversprechende Lösungsansätze zur Bewältigung aktueller Herausforderungen in der industriellen Produktion. Vor dem Hintergrund der Produktindividualisierung werden monolithische Produktionssysteme zunehmend durch flexibel konfigurierbare Anlagen ersetzt. Diese bestehen aus wiederverwendbaren und für unterschiedliche Anwendungsszenarien kombinierbaren Modulen. Als Resultat dieser Entwicklung werden die entsprechenden Module zu evolvierenden Engineering-Lösungen, deren Versionen verwaltet werden müssen. Weiterhin sollen im Modulengineering entwickelte (Simulations-)Modelle möglichst flexibel wiederverwendet werden, was sich aufgrund der großen Zahl an proprietären Entwicklungswerkzeugen (CAx-Tools) als schwierig erweist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit stellen die Autoren eine Architektur vor, die ein effizientes, virtuelles und modulares Engineering ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe von Virtualisierungsmethoden wird die Wiederverwendung beliebiger, heterogener Modelle und Simulationen durch die Weitergabe der zugehörigen CAx-Tools möglich. Das vorgestellte Konzept ist prototypisch umgesetzt und zeigt damit dessen Machbarkeit auf. Abschließend werden Kritikpunkte der Architektur sowie mögliche Lösungsansätze erörtert und bestehende Forschungsfragen aufgezeigt.
3D VR Serious Games for Production & Logistics
Authors: Boden Andreas , Buchholz Andreas , Petrovic Marc , Weiper Franz Josef
Published: February 2022

Within the Institute of Production of the University of Applied Science Cologne, TH Köln, the logistics IT group has initiated a new project for the 3D Virtual Reality digitization of logistics and manufacturing processes. The 3D Virtual Reality Serious Games learning environment is in accordance with the real physical model factory at the institute, where students of business engineering classes study and exercise the interdisciplinary processes of a whole manufacturing unit. On the basis of this project initiation within the institute of production we want to build and offer a widespread open-source standard framework for programming 3D VR Serious Games for Production & Logistics that can be used by other universities and industrial partners. A sneak preview of the game can be viewed in.
Remote-Engineering und bildgestützte Inbetriebnahme mit einer Web-SPS
Authors: Seitz Matthias , Khushairi Muhammad Daniel , Jürgens Andreas , Peter Hans
Published: February 2022

Schwer zugängliche Anlagen müssen per Fernwartung projektiert und in Betrieb genommen werden. Während der Corona-Krise rückten die hierfür zugrundeliegenden Technologien auch in den Blickpunkt der Lehre, um Studierenden, die keinen Zugang zu den Versuchsaufbauten an der Hochschule hatten, die Interaktion mit realen Anlagen zu ermöglichen. Deshalb wurde an der Hochschule Mannheim ein System entwickelt, das Kommunikationskonzepte der Industrie 4.0 zur Vernetzung von Steuerungen im Internet, das cloudbasierte Engineering sowie die bildgestützte Inbetriebnahme an einer realen Experimentieranlage veranschaulicht. Eine automatische Bildauswertung soll die Anlage überwachen, um Störfälle, die etwa durch Programmierfehler eintreten könnten, zu vermeiden. Aber auch schlecht eingestellte Regler oder unzureichend kalibrierte Sensorik, was z.B. durch Alterung verursacht sein kann, soll durch die Bildverarbeitung automatisch erkannt werden. Die Bildverarbeitung dient somit zur automatisierten Erfolgskontrolle der entwickelten Software und der in Betrieb genommen Anlage.
Modulare Anlagenautomation
Authors: John Jan Philipp , Pilous Yannick , Große Norbert
Published: February 2022

Der Einsatz modularer Anlagen wird in der Prozessindustrie immer beliebter. Da Modulhersteller ihre Applikationen weitestgehend kapseln, um ihr Know-How zu schützen, müssen Strukturen und Applikationen entwickelt werden, die das Monitoring und die Diagnose auch im Rahmen der vorausschauenden Instandhaltung dieser Module ermöglichen. Die Implementierung solcher Funktionen in das übergeordnete Leitsystem der Gesamtanlage ist bei modularen Anlagen bislang ähnlich umständlich wie die Einbindung von Fremdkomponenten in ein Leitsystem. Um ein vollständiges modulares Anlagenkonzept erfolgreich zu etablieren, ist eine einfache Implementierung dieser Funktionalitäten somit unumgänglich. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird daher untersucht, wie Strukturen und Applikationen zum Monitoring und Diagnose einfach in übergeordnete Systeme implementiert werden können. Hier wird auch betrachtet, welche dieser Informationen für Anlagenfahrer relevant, welche Funktionalitäten auf externe Systeme (z. B. eine Cloud) ausgelagert werden sollten und wie diese optimal dargestellt werden. Weiterhin wird ein Konzept zur Modularisierung von Plant Asset Management Funktionen vorgestellt, anhand dessen eine Strukturierung des NAMUR Open Architecture (NOA)-Kanals vorgenommen wird.
Erfahrungen und Schlussfolgerungen nach drei Semestern Online-Lehre in einem Grundkurs Regelungstechnik
Authors: Rösel Birgit
Published: February 2022

Vorgestellt wird ein Konzept für einen Grundkurs Regelungstechnik, der die Erfahrungen nach drei Semestern Online-Lehre aufgreift. Die Basis ist die Vermittlung des theoretischen Wissens über Lehrtexte und Screencasts. Ergänzend wurden die Übungen in Fragestunden und die eigentliche Diskussion der Lösungen aufgeteilt, um aktivierende Methoden intensiver einsetzen zu können und nachhaltigeren Lernerfolg zu erreichen. Durch die Vielzahl von Lehrformen ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, die Struktur des Moduls explizit zu thematisieren. Der Beitrag vergleicht dabei zwei verschiedene Ansätze und stellt eine dafür gut geeignete Skriptform vor. Im Beitrag wird auf die letzten drei Semester und die jeweils vorgenommene Studierendenbefragung Bezug genommen. Außerdem wird die Problematik bei der Wiederverwendung von Screencasts thematisiert.
HUBUNGAN SEXTAN YANG MENGALAMI GINGIVITIS DENGAN USIA KEHAMILAN PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS MANGGIS II KABUPATEN KARANGASEM TAHUN 2019
Authors: Senjaya Asep Arifin , Arini Ni Wayan , Ratmini Ni Ketut , Handayani Ni K. Ayu Suri S.
Published: February 2022

It is very important for pregnant women to maintain healthy teeth and mouth during pregnancy. It is even expected for expectant mothers before planning a pregnancy, paying attention to the state of their oral health. During pregnancy, acid levels in the mouth increase due to nausea and vomiting which are usually experienced by pregnant women. In addition, pregnant women are also prone to gum inflammation that is compounded by the hormones progesterone and estrogen. Gingivitis in pregnant women increases with gestational age. Handayani's research concluded that all pregnant women in the Manggis II Health Center had gingivitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sextans who had gingivitis and gestational age among pregnant women at the Manggis II Health Center in Karangasem Regency in 2019. Cross sectional research method. Using secondary data, with 45 respondents. Spearmen correlation test results sig 0.013. Conclusion: there is a relationship between sextans who have gingivitis and gestational age in pregnant women at Manggis II Health Center in Karangasem Regency in 2019.
Mengoptimalkan Tugas Pokok Perawat Gigi di Puskesmas (Kajian Tinjauan Pustaka)
Authors: Artawa I Made Budi , Supariani Ni Nyoman Dewi , Wirata I Nyoman , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Raiyanti I G A
Published: February 2022

The main duty of the dental nurse at health center are planning, preparing and doing service of tooth and mouth healthy in individual, group, and society in healthy facility include at health center. Looked on the important of service target achievement of dental and mouth healthy, so the main duty of the dental nurse must be optimal. This unsuccessful show by the national survey result riskedas Bali, that is low number of tooth defence that only reach 42,4 %, resident that have care by medical only 1,7 %. Konseling care/ clean of the tooth only 12,7 %. Besides resident’s behavior on caring of the tooth and mouth cleaness is in low number that show by the percentage of the residents that in 10 years old which brushes teeth everyday are 82,2 %, but that brushes their teeth with the right way and time only 16%. Low number of optimalization when do the main duty dental nurse caused by un knowledge the dental nurse of their main duty. Dental nurse, know about their main duty but not do it, and there are no straightening of the regulation. The way to optimalize main duty of dental nurse in the health center are motivate for the next study and serve exercise of dental and mouth healthy to the dental nurse that passed the SPRG, make a rule about do the main duty in the health center, assesmant functional credits number of the dental nurse must be fixed, and doing a meeting between the of PPGI, of PDGI, school institution, health center and Dinkes for talk about the realization of dental nurse’s main duty and rebuild the format ricord of dental care service in health center. Optimal of the main duty of dental nurse will support the reach of Millennium Dielopment Goals (MDG’s)
HUBUNGAN RASA TAKUT ANAK TERHADAP PERAWATAN GIGI DENGAN UMUR DAN JENIS KELAMIN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 3 PADANG SAMBIAN KELOD 2019
Authors: Senjaya Asep Arifin , Ratmini Ni Ketut , Sirat Ni Made , Pranata sari Ida Ayu Novita
Published: February 2022

Most children are not cooperative during the treatment process so that the dentist has difficulty handling the child. Research by Ida Ayu Novita Pranata Sari, at the State Elementary School (SDN) 3 Padang Sambian Kelod Denpasar in 2019 concluded that most respondents who felt the most fear was that their teeth had cavities and had to be patched at a dental clinic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of children's fear of dental care with age and sex in students of SDN 3 Padang Sambian Kelod Denpasar in 2019. This type of research is cross sectional, using secondary data from the research of Ida Ayu Novita Pranata Sari. The results of the correlation test between age spearmen and the source of fear of dentists or dental nurses are sig 0.032; age by being invited to check their teeth at the dental clinic with a sig value of 0.036. In conclusion, there is a relationship between age and the source of fear for dentists or dental nurses and being invited to have their teeth examined at a dental clinic.
EFEKTIVITAS OBAT KUMUR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica L. ) UNTUK MENGATASI HALITOSIS PADA REMAJA
Authors: Sumerti Ni Nengah , Tedjasulaksana Regina , Nahak Maria Martina
Published: February 2022

Known as bad breath,  halitosis also called oral malodor is a bad breath that comes from air expelled by a person through the mouth. Halitosis is caused by local and systemic factors, but 90% of patients with halitosis due to local factors in the oral cavity, including at adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mouthwashes of ethanol extract of leaves beluntas to overcome halitosis. This is an experimental research with completely randomized with pre-post control group design. Samples are adolescents junior high school students. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, Results shown that there is a  significance difference before and after rinsing in the groups and Friedman test shown that there is the significance difference  between groups. The results of the study shown that mean average  of mouth rinsing with ethanol extract of  beluntas leaves with 12.5% in concentration is 0.167 ± 0.408, with p = 0.038 or p 0.05, rinsing with ethanol extract of beluntas leaves  with 25% in concentration is  0.516 ± 0.408 , with p = 0.023 or p 0.05, mouth rinsing using  chlorhexidine 0,12%  shown that mean is 0.000 ± 0.000, with p = 0.020 or p 0.05. mouth rinsing using Base formula material shown that mean is 0,833 ± 0.408, with p = 0,157 or p 0.05. Analyze differences between groups to know the efectiveness of mouthwash treatment with Friedman test shown that  p value  = 0.000 or p0.05. The conclusion is rinsing with ethanol extract of beluntas leaves with 12.5% and 25% in concentration and  chlorhexidine 0,12%  can reduce halitosis significantly, but rinsing with  base formula of mouthwash can not be overcome halitosis significantly. There are significant differences of effectiveness of mouthwash between groups to overcome halitosis. Keywords: mouthwash, ethanol extract of  beluntas leaves, halitosis, adolescent
PENGARUH MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DALAM PENCEGAHAN KELAINAN PERIODONTAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR UTARA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Agung Anak Agung Gede , Wirata I Nyoman , Arini Ni Wayan
Published: February 2022

Periodontal disorders is one of the risks that can occur at patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The ignorance of patients for prevention and checking their teeth and mouth that caused periodontitis and result in early tooth lossed. The one solution that can be done for Diabetes Mellitus patients in preventing of periodontal disorders is to right brush their teeth regularly. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of booklet to increase of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of  Diabetes Mellitus patients in prevention of periodontal diseases in prevention of periodontal diseases at Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in 2018. The type of this study is action research that was in dental health education form to improve the knowledge and behaviour to maintain the healthy teeth to total population that amount to 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara. The results of this study were based on Paired Sample Test and Willcoxon showed that there is a significant effect on using the booklet to increase of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of tooth brushing that each p = 0.00 (p 0.05).