bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐Denticulatins A and B via Group‐Selective Aldolization of a meso Dialdehyde with a Chiral N‐Propionylsultam.
Authors: OPPOLZER W. , DE BRABANDER J. , WALTHER E. , BERNARDINELLI G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropane‐Containing Eicosanoids of Marine Origin. Biomimetic Synthesis of Constanolactones A and B from the Alga Constantinea simplex.
Authors: WHITE J. D. , JENSEN M. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Agents. Part 22. Efficient Total Synthesis of the Pharmacophore (VII) of the Anticancer Antibiotic CC‐1065 by Zirconocene‐ and Palladium‐Initiated Cyclizations.
Authors: TIETZE L. F. , BUHR W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of Polycavernoside A. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Disaccharide Component.
Authors: JOHNSTON J. N. , PAQUETTE L. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Bicyclic Model for the Marine Hepatotoxin Cylindrospermopsin.
Authors: SNIDER B. B. , HARVEY T. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of Channel Structures in Zeolite Y and A with a Slow‐Scan, Charge‐Coupled‐Device Camera.
Authors: SASAKI Y. , SUZUKI T. , IKUHARA Y. , SAJI A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomorphous Replacement of Al by Si in the Framework of Al PO4‐5 Using (NH4)2SiF6.
Authors: HERREROS B. , KLINOWSKI J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Diamines in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: ALEXAKIS A. , MANGENEY P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Pericyclic Reactions (TPR) of 2‐Pyrone. A Highly Efficient Entry into Complex Polycyclic Structures
Authors: MARKO I. E. , EVANS G. R. , SERES P. , SWARBRICK T. M. , KENNARD L. , DECLERCQ J.‐P. , TINANT B. , FENEAU‐DUPONT J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocalixarenes and Homocalixpyridines
Authors: BRODESSER G. , VOEGTLE F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: SPILLANE W. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lock‐and‐Key Processes at Crystalline Interfaces: Relevance to the Spontaneous Generation of Chirality
Authors: WEISSBUCH I. , POPOVITZ‐BIRO R. , LEISEROWITZ L. , LAHAV M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Synthesis of Anthracyclinones and Heteroanthracyclinones: Synthesis of Benzoyl‐1,4‐benzoquinones, Their Diels‐Alder Reactions and (1,5)‐Rearrangement of Adducts
Authors: SINGH P. , PARDASANI R. T. , PRASHANT A. , POKHARNA C. P. , CHAUDHARY B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Coumarino‐Lignoids
Authors: CHATTERJEE A. , DAS P. C. , JOSHI P. C. , MANDAL S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Segmentation and tracking of cytoskeletal filaments using open active contours
Authors: Smith Matthew B. , Li Hongsheng , Shen Tian , Huang Xiaolei , Yusuf Eddy , Vavylonis Dimitrios
Published: September 2010

We use open active contours to quantify cytoskeletal structures imaged by fluorescence microscopy in two and three dimensions. We developed an interactive software tool for segmentation, tracking, and visualization of individual fibers. Open active contours are parametric curves that deform to minimize the sum of an external energy derived from the image and an internal bending and stretching energy. The external energy generates (i) forces that attract the contour toward the central bright line of a filament in the image, and (ii) forces that stretch the active contour toward the ends of bright ridges. Images of simulated semiflexible polymers with known bending and torsional rigidity are analyzed to validate the method. We apply our methods to quantify the conformations and dynamics of actin in two examples: actin filaments imaged by TIRF microscopy in vitro, and actin cables in fission yeast imaged by spinning disk confocal microscopy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical psychological diagnostic system (KPD‐38): Sensitivity to change and validity of a self‐report instrument for outcome monitoring and quality assurance
Authors: Moessner Markus , Gallas Christine , Haug Severin , Kordy Hand
Published: September 2010

Background: Monitoring psychotherapeutic progress requires valid and economic measures to detect change of clinical relevance. We addressed validity and sensitivity to change of the ‘Klinisch Psychologisches Diagnosesystem 38’ (KPD‐38, Clinical Psychological Diagnosis System), an instrument for outcome monitoring and quality assurance.

Methods: Data from an inpatient sample (n = 1.377) were used to investigate the concurrent validity, the sensitivity to change, and the criterion validity of the KPD‐38 in comparison to the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ‐45) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).

Results: Sensitivity‐specificity analyses showed similar sensitivity and higher specificity for the KPD‐38 scales compared with the BSI and OQ total scores. Change rates on the KPD‐38 distress scale (DIS) were found to be lower than on the BSI (KPD‐38 DIS: 36.6%, GSI: 67.7%) and the OQ‐45 (KPD‐38 DIS: 44.3%, OQ tot: 57.1%) total scores. Concordance was low with the BSI ([κ = 0.24] and moderate with the OQ‐45 [κ = 0.45]).

Discussion: Implications for applications in the field of outcome assessment and the challenge of further validation are discussed. The relation between sensitivity to change and criterion validity is highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Messages:

• The KPD‐38 is a self‐report questionnaire for outcome monitoring and quality assurance, which is free of charge for research purposes.

• Both OQ‐45 and BSI show higher sensitivity to change than the KPD‐38, overall concordance of change is moderate.

• Aspects of validity should be considered in the evaluation of sensitivity to change.
The snake venom peptide Bj‐PRO‐7a is a M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Authors: Negraes Priscilla D. , Lameu Claudiana , Hayashi Mirian A. F. , Melo Robson L. , Camargo Antônio C. M. , Ulrich Henning
Published: September 2010

Proline‐rich peptides from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj‐PRO) were characterized based on the capability to inhibit the somatic angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The pharmacological action of these peptides resulted in the development of Captopril, one of the best examples of a target‐driven drug discovery for treatment of hypertension. However, biochemical and biological properties of Bj‐PROs were not completely elucidated yet, and many recent studies have suggested that their activity relies on angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐independent mechanisms. Here, we show that Bj‐PRO‐7a (<EDGPIPP) specifically activates [Ca2+]i transients in CHO‐M1 cells expressing heterologous rat M1 muscarinic subtype. The activation curve established by microfluorimetry in CHO‐M1 cells using increasing concentrations of Bj‐PRO‐7a reached the maximum response in the presence of 3 μM
Bj‐PRO‐7a (EC50 = 0.25 ± 0.07 μM). The variation observed by calcium imaging in these cells ranged from 52 to 1218 nM (EC50 = 0.31 ± 0.12 μM). [Ca2+]
i responses in CHO‐M1 cells were largely inhibited by pirenzepine, a specific M1 antagonist. Neural‐differentiated P19 cells expressing endogenous M1 receptors were also responsive to Bj‐PRO‐7a application, whereas no such response was observed in undifferentiated P19 cells not expressing muscarinic receptors. As further support for its specific action on M1 receptors, the peptide did not activate M3 subtypes in transfected CHO cells. Our findings provide a novel M1 muscarinic receptor agonist that could be used for basic research and even for pharmacological applications. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Immunoglobulin secretion by B1 cells: Differential intensity and IRF4‐dependence of spontaneous IgM secretion by peritoneal and splenic B1 cells
Authors: Holodick Nichol E. , Tumang Joseph R. , Rothstein Thomas L.
Published: September 2010

Peritoneal B1 cells are typified by spontaneous, constitutive secretion of IgM natural antibody, detected by ELISPOT assay, among other means. Recently, this key characteristic has been called into question, a reason for which we evaluated the integrity of IgM+ ELISPOT spots. We found that fixed B1 cells fail to produce ELISPOT spots, that interference with Golgi function inhibits ELISPOT spot formation, and that B1 cell‐derived immunoglobulin in supernatant samples is EndoH‐resistant. These findings indicate that spots produced by B1 cells on ELISPOT assay reflect secretory IgM actively exported by viable B1 cells. Current paradigms propose that interferon response factor 4 (IRF4) is required for plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion. However, we found that IgM secretion by peritoneal B1 cells is not altered in IRF4‐null mice. In contrast, spontaneous IgM secretion by splenic B1 cells, which amounts to much more IgM secreted per cell, is dramatically reduced in the absence of IRF4. These results indicate that peritoneal B1 cells spontaneously secrete low levels of IgM via an IRF4‐independent non‐classical pathway, and, considering the low level of serum IgM in IRF‐null mice, further suggest that accumulation of serum immunoglobulin depends on IRF4‐dependent secretion by splenic B1 cells.
Modulation of systemic antigen‐specific immune responses by oral antigen in humans
Authors: Kapp Kerstin , Maul Jochen , Hostmann Arwed , Mundt Pamela , Preiss Jan C. , Wenzel Arlett , Thiel Andreas , Zeitz Martin , Ullrich Reiner , Duchmann Rainer
Published: September 2010

Oral antigen uptake can induce systemic immune responses ranging from tolerance to immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, especially in humans. Here, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), a neoantigen which has been used in earlier studies of oral tolerance, was fed in a repeated low‐dose and a single high‐dose protocol to healthy volunteers. KLH‐specific CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and cytokine production, as well as KLH‐specific serum Ab and the effects of oral KLH on a subsequent parenterally induced systemic immune response, were analyzed. Repeated low‐dose oral KLH alone induced antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells positive predominantly for the gut‐homing receptor integrin β7 and the cytokines IL‐2 and TNF‐α; some CD4+ T cells also produced IL‐4. Oral feeding of KLH accelerated a subsequent parenterally induced systemic CD4+ T‐cell response. The cytokine pattern of KLH‐specific CD4+ T cells shifted toward more IL‐4‐ and IL‐10‐ and less IFN‐γ‐, IL‐2‐ and TNF‐α‐producing cells. The parenterally induced systemic KLH‐specific B‐cell response was accelerated and amplified by oral KLH. The impact of single high‐dose oral KLH on antigen‐specific immune responses was less pronounced compared with repeated low‐dose oral KLH. These findings suggest that oral antigen can effectively modulate subsequently induced systemic antigen‐specific immune responses. Immunomodulation by oral antigen may offer new therapeutic strategies for Th type1‐mediated inflammatory diseases and for the development of vaccination strategies.
Involvement of HNP‐1 in different oxidation mechanisms in human endothelial cells
Authors: Fen Du , Lingyan Ping , Chunyan He , Hong Yu , Jia Cao , Junzhu Wu
Published: September 2010

The objective of this study was to elucidate the different mechanisms of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by human endothelial cells. High level of LDL stimulated human alpha‐defensin 1 (HNP‐1) expression strongly, activated myeloperoxidase (MPO), and accumulated malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) had similar effect, however the cell response occurred even earlier. After 12 h of LDL co‐culture, the cells were washed and fresh LDL was added again. MPO activity and MDA generation were increased. Adding fresh LDL after the LPS co‐culture for 3 h, a similar trend, however weaker effect was observed. Culturing cells with LDL and adding various kinds of calcium antagonists at the same time did not make obvious changes to the expression of HNP‐1. In contrast, culturing cells with LPS, calcium antagonists increased HNP‐1 expression. Adding the anti‐radical drug sodium ferulate had no significant effect on oxidative function activated by LDL, but the oxidation activated by LPS was suppressed significantly and the HNP‐1 expression was not changed significantly. The endogenous irritant LDL and the exogenous irritant LPS activated human endothelial cells in different manners and HNP‐1 expression changes were involved.
An Amphiphilic Polymer‐ and Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode for Sensitive Electrochemical DNA Detection with Low Nonspecific Binding
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Jo Kyungmin , Lee Jeong‐Ah , Akanda Md. Rajibul Haque , Sung Daekyung , Jon Sangyong , Yang Haesik
Published: September 2010

We herein report an amphiphilic polymer‐, carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT)‐, silane polymer‐, and streptavidin‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode that allows low nonspecific binding and efficient immobilization of DNA, along with good electrocatalytic activities and low background‐current levels. The low nonspecific binding results from the well‐covering of the CNT and ITO surface with the amphiphilic polymer and silane polymer, as well as the poly(ethylene glycol) groups of the polymers. The streptavidin for DNA immobilization is covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups of the amphiphilic polymer and CNT. A low surface coverage of CNT on the ITO electrode provides the good electrocatalytic activities and low background‐current levels. The fabricated electrode enables us to achieve a detection limit of 100 pM in DNA detection.
High Sensitivity and Reproducibility of a Bismuth/Poly(bromocresol purple) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Trace Amount of Cadmium by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Yang Gongjun , Yan Jiankang , Qi Fen , Sun Cheng
Published: September 2010

This work described a novel type of bismuth/poly(bromocresol purple) film modified glassy carbon electrode (denoted as Bi/Poly(BCP)/GCE) for anodic stripping analysis of trace Cd2+. The Bi/Poly(BCP)/GCE was fabricated in situ by depositing simultaneously bismuth and cadmium by reduction at −1.20 V on the poly(BCP) film using a differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the anodic stripping peak current response increased linearly with the Cd2+ concentrations in a range of 2.0×10−8–1.0×10−7 M and 1.0×10−7–6.0×10−6 M in 0.1 M NaAc‐HAc buffer solution (pH 5.0) with the detection limit of 6.5×10−9 M (S/N=3). The Bi/poly(BCP)/GCE performed good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of Cd2+ in water samples.
Selectivity Modification of SnO2‐Based Materials for Gas Sensor Arrays
Authors: Krivetskiy V. , Ponzoni A. , Comini E. , Badalyan S. , Rumyantseva M. , Gaskov A.
Published: September 2010

An enhancement of selectivity of sensor materials, based on nanocrystalline SnO2 is reported. Selectivity toward target gases such as CO, NO2, NH3, H2S and acetone vapor, could be achieved by selection of catalytic cluster distributed over the surface of thick film material. Presented results allow us to propose application of obtained materials in “electronic nose” sensor systems.
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Sparfloxacin with DNA and Their Analytical Applications
Authors: Radi Abd‐Elgawad , Wahdan Tarek , Anwar Zeinab , Mostafa Hend
Published: September 2010

The electrochemical oxidation of the three fluoroquinolone drugs FQs: gatifloxacin GTF, moxifloxacin MXF and sparfloxacin SPF, at the bare and DNA‐modified glassy carbon electrodes has been studied by voltammetric techniques. The three FQs showed one irreversible oxidation peak at potential range 0.85–0.91 V vs. Ag‐AgCl, in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and UV‐absorption spectroscopic techniques were employed to probe the interaction between the FQs and calf thymus double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds CT‐DNA). From electrochemical data, the binding constant between DNA and the gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin are calculated to be 3228, 2596 and 2857 M−1 respectively. Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic results, the mode of binding of fluoroquinolone to DNA through combined effect of intercalation and electrostatic interaction was concluded. A detection scheme based on a preconcentration and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination at dsDNA modified glassy carbon electrode (DNA/GCE) was proposed for the trace determination of the studied analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the FQs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Familial concordance of breast cancer pathology as an indicator of genotype in multiple‐case families
Authors: Balleine Rosemary L. , Provan Pamela J. , Pupo Gulietta M. , Pathmanathan Nirmala , Cummings Margaret , Farshid Gelareh , Salisbury Elizabeth L. , Bilous A. Michael , Byth Karen , Mann Graham J.
Published: September 2010

The heterogeneity of multiple case breast cancer families that do not carry mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (non‐BRCA1/2 families) poses a challenge to the identification of breast cancer susceptibility genes. The aim of this study was to determine whether intrafamilial concordance in breast cancer pathology could identify subgroups of non‐BRCA1/2 families with consistent genotypic features. Invasive breast cancers were reviewed from 84 individuals belonging to 30 multiple‐case families; BRCA1 (n = 9), BRCA2 (n = 10), and non‐BRCA1/2 (n = 11). Hierarchical cluster analysis based on histopathology and age at first diagnosis was then used to specify three subgroups designated Clusters 1–3. The genomic features of non‐BRCA1/2 families were examined by genome wide linkage and FGFR2 SNP genotyping, according to whether they showed cluster‐concordant or cluster‐mixed familial pathology. The majority of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers (80%) fell into a single cluster. In contrast pathogenic BRCA2 mutation carriers were distributed across all three clusters and within families, cluster groups were also generally mixed. Most non‐BRCA1/2 mutation carriers belonged to Cluster 3 (71%). Genome wide linkage data from five non‐BRCA1/2 Cluster 3‐concordant families were compared with four mixed cluster non‐BRCA1/2 families. This revealed a number of distinct linkage peaks, including some regions previously associated with breast cancer susceptibility. The distribution of low risk alleles in FGFR2 was not different between these two subgroups (P = 0.237). The pattern of breast cancer pathology concordance amongst family members may assist the investigation of breast cancer susceptibility in multiple case families. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification as a method for the detection of copy number abnormalities in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Schwab C. J. , Jones L. R. , Morrison H. , Ryan S. L. , Yigittop H. , Schouten J. P. , Harrison C. J.
Published: September 2010

Recent genomic studies have shown that copy number abnormalities (CNA) of genes involved in lymphoid differentiation and cell cycle control are common in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). We have evaluated Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) on 43 BCP‐ALL patients for the detection of the most common deletions among these genes and compared the results to those obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic quantitative PCR (qPCR). There was good correlation between methods for CDKN2A/B, IKZF1, and PAX5 deletions in the majority of cases and MLPA confirmed the presence of deletions within the PAR1 region in two of three cases identified by FISH. Small intragenic aberrations detected by MLPA, which were below the resolution of FISH for CDKN2A/B (n = 7), IKZF1 (n = 3), and PAX5 (n = 3) were confirmed by qPCR. MLPA and qPCR were unable to detect populations present at a low level (<20%) by FISH. In addition, although MLPA identified the presence of a deletion, it was unable to discern the presence of mixed cell populations which had been identified by FISH: CDKN2A/B (n = 3), IKZF1 (n = 1), PAX5 (n = 2), and PAR1 deletion (n = 1). Nevertheless, this study has demonstrated that MLPA is a robust technique for the reliable detection of CNA involving multiple targets in a single test and thus is ideal for rapid high throughput testing of large cohorts with a view to establishing incidence and prognostic significance. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional and hemispheric determinants of language laterality: Implications for preoperative fMRI
Authors: Seghier Mohamed L. , Kherif Ferath , Josse Goulven , Price Cathy J.
Published: September 2010

Language is typically a function of the left hemisphere but the right hemisphere is also essential in some healthy individuals and patients. This inter‐subject variability necessitates the localization of language function, at the individual level, prior to neurosurgical intervention. Such assessments are typically made by comparing left and right hemisphere language function to determine “language lateralization” using clinical tests or fMRI. Here, we show that language function needs to be assessed at the region and hemisphere specific level, because laterality measures can be misleading. Using fMRI data from 82 healthy participants, we investigated the degree to which activation for a semantic word matching task was lateralized in 50 different brain regions and across the entire cortex. This revealed two novel findings. First, the degree to which language is lateralized across brain regions and between subjects was primarily driven by differences in right hemisphere activation rather than differences in left hemisphere activation. Second, we found that healthy subjects who have relatively high left lateralization in the angular gyrus also have relatively low left lateralization in the ventral precentral gyrus. These findings illustrate spatial heterogeneity in language lateralization that is lost when global laterality measures are considered. It is likely that the complex spatial variability we observed in healthy controls is more exaggerated in patients with brain damage. We therefore highlight the importance of investigating within hemisphere regional variations in fMRI activation, prior to neuro‐surgical intervention, to determine how each hemisphere and each region contributes to language processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical treatment of simulated ground water containing MTBE and BTEX with BDD anodes
Authors: Mascia Michele , Vacca Annalisa , Polcaro Anna Maria , Palmas Simonetta , Pozzo Anna Da
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) and oxy‐fuels such as methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) are typical contaminants of ground waters. Biological and physical techniques are often ineffective in removing these compounds, while promising results were obtained with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are based on oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Electrochemical oxidation with boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes occurs by OH radicals generated from water oxidation, so that it may be considered as an alternative to other AOPs.

RESULTS:

An experimental study on the electrochemical removal of MTBE and BTEX with BDD anodes from water with low organic concentrations and low conductivity is presented. The kinetics of the process was investigated by batch electrolyses: the removal of MTBE and benzene was controlled by the mass transfer towards the anode, while a further reaction bulk contribution was found for alkylbenzenes. The process was tested in continuous mode and the energy consumption was evaluated and compared with other AOPs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Removal of the pollutants higher than 95% was achieved under all the examined conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the process. The proposed electrochemical treatment was comparable with other AOPs in terms of energy consumption, and it can be considered as an alternative to other processes for ground water treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradation of VOC mixtures of different hydrophobicities in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors containing tailored polymer mixtures
Authors: Hernández María , Muñoz Raúl , Daugulis Andrew J
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of systematic studies of biodegradation of mixtures of VOCs with different hydrophobicities in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs). The role of tailored mixtures of solid polymers on the biodegradation of MEK (low hydrophobicity), toluene (moderate hydrophobicity) and hexane (high hydrophobicity) was evaluated under steady state operation and transient loading (2‐ and 3.6‐fold 4 h step increase) in TPPBs. Two mixtures of polymer beads (A and B) were selected based on their 2 h partition coefficients for the target VOCs tested, biocompatibility and resistance to microbial attack.

RESULTS: The addition of polymer mixture A (20%) into the bioreactor resulted in a severe microbial inhibition, likely due to the leaching of a polymer component, however, the presence of polymer mixture B (20%) supported removal efficiencies (REs) comparable with those recorded in the absence of polymers during steady state operation (hexane, toluene and MEK REs of 7%, 76% and 98%). However, the presence of polymer mixture B supported enhanced MEK REs during the 2‐fold step increase, and increased toluene removal during the 3.6‐fold step increase compared with the system without polymers.

CONCLUSIONS: TPPBs with tailored polymer mixtures can improve process performance during VOC transient loadings, however, the interactions between the target VOCs and the solid polymers used should be a key selection criterion in order to avoid microbial inhibition during TPPB operation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability of cutinase, wild type and mutants, in AOT reversed micellar system—effect of mixture components of alkyl esters production
Authors: Badenes Sara M. , Lemos Francisco , Cabral Joaquim M. S.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: Fusarium solani pisi cutinase was microencapsulated in reversed micelles of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane for the production of alkyl esters, known as biodiesel; its stability in this system was also evaluated. Results using cutinase wild type and three mutants, L153Q, T179C and S54D, were compared.

RESULTS: There is a loss of 45% of cutinase wild type activity when incubated in the micellar system for 3 h, indicating a denaturing effect of AOT towards the enzyme, and furthermore a loss of 90% of the activity is observed in the presence of methanol with only 10 min of incubation. In contrast, an improvement of cutinase performance was achieved when incubated with ethanol or butanol, indicating that these alcohols have a protective role regarding the enzyme. Mutant T179C displayed high stability in the presence of methanol with an activity loss of only 16%.

CONCLUSIONS: Mutant T179C presented not only high resistance to the denaturing effect of AOT but also high stability in the presence of methanol. This is a promising biocatalyst for a continuous process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary experience with bladder preservation for lower rectal cancers involving the lower urinary tract
Authors: Saito Norio , Suzuki Takanori , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Sugito Masanori , Ito Masaaki , Kobayashi Akihiro , Nishizawa Yusuke , Minagawa Nozomi , Nishizawa Yuji , Watanabe Kazuhiro
Published: September 2010

Background and Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of en bloc colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy as an alternative to total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer involving the lower urinary tract organs.

Methods

Twenty men with primary rectal cancer clinically involving the lower urinary tract organs underwent extended colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy. Data were entered prospectively into a database. Oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Anal sphincter‐preserving operation (SPO) with radical prostatectomy was performed in 12 patients, abdominoperineal resection with radical prostatectomy in 8, and urinary reconstruction in 16. Morbidity and mortality rates were 35.0% and 0%, respectively. Five‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 83.6% and 42%, respectively. The cumulative 5‐year local recurrence rate was 20.0%. All patients with urinary reconstruction achieved good voiding function, and patients with SPO showed acceptable anal function.

Conclusions

For lower rectal cancers involving lower urinary tract, en bloc rectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy appears oncologically acceptable and can reduce the number of TPEs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:778–783. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intermolecular potential parameters and combining rules determined from viscosity data
Authors: Bastien Lucas A. J. , Price Phillip N. , Brown Nancy J.
Published: September 2010

The law of corresponding states has been demonstrated for a number of pure substances and binary mixtures and provides evidence that the transport properties viscosity and diffusion can be determined from a molecular shape function, often taken to be a Lennard–Jones 12‐6 potential, that requires two scaling parameters: a well depth εij and a collision diameter σij, both of which depend on the interacting species i and j. We obtain estimates for εij and σij of interacting species by finding the values that provide the best fit to viscosity data for binary mixtures and compare these to calculated parameters using several “combining rules” that have been suggested for determining parameter values for binary collisions from parameter values that describe collisions of like molecules. Different combining rules give different values for σij and εij, and for some mixtures the differences between these values and the best‐fit parameter values are rather large. There is a curve in (εij, σij) space such that parameter values on the curve generate a calculated viscosity in good agreement with measurements for a pure gas or a binary mixture. The various combining rules produce couples of parameters εij, σij that lie close to the curve and, therefore, generate predicted mixture viscosities in satisfactory agreement with experiment. Although the combining rules were found to underpredict the viscosity in most of the cases, Kong's rule was found to work better than the others, but none of the combining rules consistently yields parameter values near the best‐fit values, suggesting that improved rules could be developed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*

This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.

Int J Chem Kinet 42: 713–723, 2010
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: A Molecular Level Legitimate Approach for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thareja Suresh , Aggarwal Saurabh , Bhardwaj T. R. , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2010

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease responsible for morbidity in the western world and is gradually becoming prevalent in developing countries too. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries and type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of the disease. Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, occurring mainly in muscle, adipose tissues, and liver leading to reduced glucose uptake and utilization and increased glucose production. The prevalence and rising incidence of diabetes emphasized the need to explore new molecular targets and strategies to develop novel antihyperglycemic agents. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) has recently emerged as a promising molecular level legitimate therapeutic target in the effective management of type 2 diabetes. PTP 1B, a cytosolic nonreceptor PTPase, has been implicated as a negative regulator of insulin signal transduction. Therefore, PTP 1B inhibitors would increase insulin sensitivity by blocking the PTP 1B‐mediated negative insulin signaling pathway and might be an attractive target for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. With X‐ray crystallography and NMR‐based fragment screening, the binding interactions of several classes of inhibitors have been elucidated, which could help the design of future PTP 1B inhibitors. The drug discovery research in PTP 1B is a challenging area to work with and many pharmaceutical organizations and academic research laboratories are focusing their research toward the development of potential PTP 1B inhibitors which would prove to be a milestone for the management of diabetes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 459–517, 2012
Insights into the targeted elimination of BRCA1‐defective cancer stem cells
Authors: Somasundaram Veena , Srinivas Priya
Published: September 2010

BRCA1 expression is involved in normal embryonic development, mammary stem cell differentiation, and prostate cancer development. Inactivation of BRCA1 plays an important role in cancer stem cells and also leads to the development of high‐grade, basal‐like tumor. This review discusses why BRCA1‐defective cancer stem cells need a prospective analysis, how ER alpha could influence BRCA1‐defective tumor progression, phenotype of BRCA1‐defective cancers, role of BRCA1 in other cancers and finally at what perspective BRCA1‐defective cancers can be targeted for better therapeutic outcome.
Investigation and modeling on fatigue damage evolution of rock as a function of logarithmic cycle
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Qing , Feng Xia‐Ting , Ding De‐Xin , Jiang Fu‐Liang
Published: September 2010

The fatigue damage behavior of granite under constant and variable amplitude loadings is studied. The experimental analysis reveals that there is a three‐stage law for the fatigue damage evolution as a function of absolute or relative cycle and the inverted‐S damage model proposed by the author, in this case, is capable of representing the damage behavior of rock. However, when the logarithmic cycle is considered, there are only two stages, i.e. steady and accelerated stages and the fatigue damage evolution greatly depends on the properties of rock and stress level. Accordingly, the fatigue damage evolution curves have been categorized into three types. Then, the effect of maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage on the damage evolution of rock is investigated. The analysis reveals that the damage evolution greatly depends on these influencing factors. The fatigue life decreases with the increase in the maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage due to the decrease in the proportion of the first stage to the whole fatigue process and the increase in the damage rate in the first stage. Meanwhile, a linear‐exponential formula is used to model the fatigue damage behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. This damage model is superior to the inverted‐S damage model in the convenience of establishment of critical instability point. The physical meanings of its constants have been illuminated and the applicability of this model to constant and variable amplitude cyclic loading explored. The fitting results for the test data show that this damage model can properly represent the fatigue damage behavior of rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bifurcation and generalized mixed loading conditions in geomaterials
Authors: Nicot François , Challamel Noel , Lerbet Jean , Prunier Florent , Darve Félix
Published: September 2010

The concept of bifurcation has been widely discussed, based, for example, on homogeneous tests in soil mechanics. Essentially two‐dimensional (axisymmetric) conditions have been considered. This paper aims at deriving a bifurcation criterion in geomechanics, independently of the problem's dimension. This criterion is related to the vanishing of the determinant of the symmetric part of the material's (or the discrete system's) constitutive (or stiffness) matrix. The derivation is essentially based on the notion of loading parameters (controlling the loading). Basically, a bifurcation occurs when the existence of a unique solution to the quasistatic problem, involving a given set of loading parameters, is lost. Interestingly, the criterion is shown to be independent of the choice of loading parameters. As a possible extension, the context of structure mechanics is considered, and the close connection between both soil and structure analysis is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truly monolithic algebraic multigrid for fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Gee M. W. , Küttler U. , Wall W. A.
Published: September 2010

The coupling of flexible structures to incompressible fluids draws a lot of attention during the last decade. Many different solution schemes have been proposed. In this contribution, we concentrate on the strong coupling fluid–structure interaction by means of monolithic solution schemes. Therein, a Newton–Krylov method is applied to the monolithic set of nonlinear equations. Such schemes require good preconditioning to be efficient. We propose two preconditioners that apply algebraic multigrid techniques to the entire fluid–structure interaction system of equations. The first is based on a standard block Gauss–Seidel approach, where approximate inverses of the individual field blocks are based on a algebraic multigrid hierarchy tailored for the type of the underlying physical problem. The second is based on a monolithic coarsening scheme for the coupled system that makes use of prolongation and restriction projections constructed for the individual fields. The resulting nonsymmetric monolithic algebraic multigrid method therefore involves coupling of the fields on coarse approximations to the problem yielding significantly enhanced performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty quantification via codimension‐one partitioning
Authors: Sullivan T. J. , Topcu U. , McKerns M. , Owhadi H.
Published: September 2010

We consider uncertainty quantification in the context of certification, i.e. showing that the probability of some ‘failure’ event is acceptably small. In this paper, we derive a new method for rigorous uncertainty quantification and conservative certification by combining McDiarmid's inequality with input domain partitioning and a new concentration‐of‐measure inequality. We show that arbitrarily sharp upper bounds on the probability of failure can be obtained by partitioning the input parameter space appropriately; in contrast, the bound provided by McDiarmid's inequality is usually not sharp. We prove an error estimate for the method (Proposition 3.2); we define a codimension‐one recursive partitioning scheme and prove its convergence properties (Theorem 4.1); finally, we apply a new concentration‐of‐measure inequality to give confidence levels when empirical means are used in place of exact ones (Section 5). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barth syndrome: an X‐linked cause of fetal cardiomyopathy and stillbirth
Authors: Steward C. G. , Newbury‐Ecob R. A. , Hastings R. , Smithson S. F. , Tsai‐Goodman B. , Quarrell O. W. , Kulik W. , Wanders R. , Pennock M. , Williams M. , Cresswell J. L. , Gonzalez I. L. , Brennan P.
Published: September 2010

Objective

Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked multisystem disorder (OMIM 302060) usually diagnosed in infancy and characterized by cardiac problems [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) ± endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) ± left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC)], proximal myopathy, feeding problems, growth retardation, neutropenia, organic aciduria and variable respiratory chain abnormalities. We wished to determine whether BTHS had a significant impact on fetal and perinatal health in a large cohort of family groups originating from a defined region.

Method

Case note review on 19 families originating from the UK and known to the Barth Syndrome Service of the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children.

Results

Details are presented on six kindreds (32%) with genetically and biochemically proven BTHS that demonstrate a wider phenotype including male fetal loss, stillbirth and severe neonatal illness or death. In these families, 9 males were stillborn and 14 died as neonates or infants but there were no losses of females. BTHS was definitively proven in five males with fetal onset of DCM ± hydrops/EFE/LVNC.

Conclusion

These findings stress the importance of considering BTHS in the differential diagnosis of unexplained male hydrops, DCM, EFE, LVNC or pregnancy loss, as well as in neonates with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and idiopathic mitochondrial disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of endosomes from genetically modified p14/MP1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Stasyk Taras , Holzmann Johann , Stumberger Sonja , Ebner Hannes L. , Hess Michael W. , Bonn Guenther K. , Mechtler Karl , Huber Lukas A.
Published: September 2010

The p14/MP1 scaffold complex binds MEK1 and ERK1/2 on late endosomes, thus regulating the strength, duration and intracellular location of MAPK signaling. By organelle proteomics we have compared the protein composition of endosomes purified from genetically modified p14−/−, p14+/− and p14rev mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The latter ones were reconstituted retrovirally from p14−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts by reexpression of pEGFP‐p14 at equimolar ratios with its physiological binding partner MP1, as shown here by absolute quantification of MP1 and p14 proteins on endosomes by quantitative MS using the Equimolarity through Equalizer Peptide strategy. A combination of subcellular fractionation, 2‐D DIGE and MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS revealed 31 proteins differentially regulated in p14−/− organelles, which were rescued by reexpression of pEGFP‐p14 in p14−/− endosomes. Regulated proteins are known to be involved in actin remodeling, endosomal signal transduction and trafficking. Identified proteins and their in silico interaction networks suggested that endosomal signaling might regulate such major cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival.
Nucleophilicity parameters for strong nucleophiles in dimethyl sulfoxide. A direct alternative to the s(E + N) equation
Authors: Bentley T. William
Published: September 2010

A scale of nucleophilicity (N‴) for relatively strong nucleophiles (e.g. carbanions and amines), spanning over 5 orders of magnitude was constructed directly from experimental rate constants for reactions of 34 nucleophiles with a benzhydrylium cation, (lil)2CH+ (log k = N‴ in dimethyl sulfoxide at 20 °C). The equation log k = (E‴ + sEN‴ +c), where E‴ is an electrophilicity parameter, sE is a Swain‐Scott type of response parameter (to variation in nucleophilicity) for the electrophile, and c is a residuals term, is used to correlate second order rate constants for reactions of nucleophiles with other benzhydrylium cations, quinone methides (QM) and Michael‐acceptor electrophiles. Contrary to published claims (Mayr et al. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 92, and later work), sE increases as the reactivity of the QM decreases. The N‴ scale was extended a further 3 orders of magnitude by an extrapolation involving a QM electrophile. In contrast, published procedures involve over 40 reference electrophiles and over 100 adjustable parameters obtained from the equation log k = sN(E + N), where k is the rate constant, and sN is a nucleophile parameter. Values of N–N‴ in DMSO increase by 8 log units, as the reactivity of the nucleophile increases, because N is a floating scale whereas N‴ is a fixed scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.