bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Song and infant-directed speech facilitate word learning
Authors: Ma Weiyi , Fiveash Anna , Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth , Behrend Douglas , Thompson William Forde
Published: November 2019

Two separate lines of research have examined the influence of song and infant-directed speech (IDS—a speech register that includes some melodic features) on language learning, suggesting that the use of musical attributes in speech input can enhance language learning. However, the benefits of these two types of stimuli have never been directly compared. In this investigation, we compared the effects of song and IDS for immediate word learning and long-term memory of the learned words. This study examines whether the highly musical stimuli (i.e., song) would facilitate language learning more than the less musical stimuli (i.e., IDS). English-speaking adults were administered a word learning task, with Mandarin Chinese words presented in adult-directed speech (ADS), IDS, or song. Participants’ word learning performance was assessed immediately after the word learning task (immediate word learning) and then 1 day later (long-term memory). Results showed that both song and IDS facilitated immediate word learning and long-term memory of the words; however, this facilitative effect did not differ between IDS and song, suggesting that the relationship between the degree of musicality and language learning performance is not linear. In addition, song and IDS were found to facilitate the word association process (mapping a label to its referent) rather than the word recognition process. Finally, participants’ confidence in their answers might not differ among ADS, IDS, and sung words.
Durvalumab for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer patients: clinical evidence and real-world experience
Authors: Botticella Angela , Mezquita Laura , Le Pechoux Cecile , Planchard David
Published: November 2019

Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a dismal prognosis, with only 15–20% of patients alive at 5 years after concomitant chemo–radiotherapy, which represents the standard treatment. Targeting immune-checkpoint inhibitors represents a standard option for advanced NSCLC. Improvements in understanding of the immune profile of NSCLC has led to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, including inhibitory molecules responsible for abrogating an anticancer immune response such as programmed cell-death 1 and programmed cell-death ligand 1. A recently published phase III trial (PACIFIC) showed for the first time an improved overall survival in stage III NSCLC patients with consolidative durvalumab.

The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the clinical evidence for the use of durvalumab in stage III NSCLC, with a brief overview on future perspectives in this setting.
Learning through collaboration: A networked approach to online pedagogy
Authors: Sobko Sophia , Unadkat Devanshi , Adams Jessica , Hull Glynda
Published: November 2019

This qualitative study explores networked collaborative learning in the context of an online undergraduate education course, analyzing the talk, thinking, and media that students jointly produced during a discussion hosted via video conference. Our work speaks to recent interest in online instruction, particularly in post-secondary institutions, as well as the challenge of making online courses engaging, critical, and inclusive educational spaces. Working from a sociocultural frame on learning and development, we demonstrate how synchronous engagement online with multiple digital technologies facilitated students’ knowledge construction and analysis of assignment content. Additionally, we illustrate how the students and the technologies influenced each other, co-functioning reciprocally as elements within a broader “actor-network”. Human and non-human “actants” worked together, affording small but noteworthy shifts in students’ perspectives and thinking. We offer a definition of networked collaborative learning, positing that it is constituted by the dynamic convergence of actants working toward multiple and competing goals, and we discuss its potential for teaching and learning in online spaces.
Using pairwise randomisation to reduce the risk of bias
Authors: Fairhurst Caroline , Hewitt Catherine E , Torgerson David J
Published: November 2019

Objective

To describe the roles that pairwise randomisation has to prevent selection bias and allow a common outcome measurement point when timing of treatment is uncertain. Study design and setting: A theoretical paper discussing situations where pairwise randomisation might be an appropriate method of allocation.

Results

When recruitment of participants allows two or more randomisations to occur simultaneously, then pairwise randomisation allows site stratification but prevents site predictability. For evaluations of treatments where timing of treatment is uncertain (e.g. elective surgery), pairwise randomisation allows a common post-treatment evaluation time point. In waiting list designs where length of treatment varies by patient, pairwise randomisation allows differential follow-up across pairs.

Conclusion

Since pairwise randomisation was described in 2004, to allow unpredictable site stratification, it has been rarely used. However, it can address other methodological issues and should be considered more widely.
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide vs cyclosporin A and methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis in matched sibling transplantation
Authors: Kwon Mi , Bailén Rebeca , Pascual-Cascón María Jesús , Gallardo-Morillo Ana Isabel , García Sola Abel , Balsalobre Pascual , Solán Laura , Dorado Nieves , Muñoz Cristina , Serrano David , Martínez-Laperche Carolina , Buño Ismael , Anguita Javier , Díez-Martin José Luis
Published: November 2019

Key Points

PTCy with additional immunosuppression using mostly PBSCs grafts showed a reduction of acute GVHD rate in matched sibling donor HSCT. GRFS was improved after PTCy compared with CsA-MTX.
Correction to: Artemisinin derivatives inactivate cancer-associated fibroblasts through suppressing TGF-β signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Yao Yuyuan , Guo Qinglong , Cao Yue , Qiu Yangmin , Tan Renxiang , Yu Zhou , Zhou Yuxin , Lu Na
Published: November 2019

In the original publication of this article [1], Fig. 3 is wrong, but does not affect discussions and conclusions drawn in the article.
Joint design of beamforming and time switching/power splitting for wireless-powered multi-antenna dual-relay network
Authors: Hu Guojie , Cai Yueming , Ao Liang , Wang Xiangdong
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we consider a wireless-powered dual-relay network consisting of one multi-antenna source, two single-antenna energy-constrained relays and one single-antenna destination without direct source to destination link. In order to establish the communication flow, the energy-constrained relays harvest energy from the radio frequency transmitted by the source firstly, then exploit the harvested energy to forward the source information to the destination based on distributed space time coding (DSTC). Under this network architecture, three decode-and-forward (DF) technique-based relaying protocols, i.e., time switching-based relaying (TSR) protocol, power splitting-based relaying (PSR) protocol, and hybrid relaying (HR) protocol, are considered to drive the energy transfer and information transmission. To maximize the network throughput, the joint design for the optimal energy and information beamforming vectors employed at the source, the optimal time switching, and power splitting ratios under these three protocols are investigated and solved efficiently by employing simple sequential optimization approach or alternating optimization approach. Simulations are conducted to show the superior performance achieved by our proposed scheme. Moreover, we find that the TSR protocol outperforms the PSR protocol in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, while the latter outperforms the former in the high SNR region. And the HR protocol achieves the best performance in any SNR region. At the same time, the effect of the relays’ locations on the throughput performance of these three protocols is also investigated.
Response to commentary on “the middle fossa approach with self-drilling screws: A novel technique for BONEBRIDGE implantation”
Authors: You Peng , Siegel Lauren H. , Kassam Zahra , Hebb Matthew , Parnes Lorne , Ladak Hanif , Agrawal Sumit Kishore
Published: November 2019

The aim of this letter is to respond to a commentary on a published article on the middle fossa approach to BONEBRIDGE implantation with self-drilling screws published by the senior authors.
The unifed distribution
Authors: Quijano Xacur Oscar Alberto
Published: November 2019

We introduce a new distribution with support on (0,1) called unifed. It can be used as the response distribution for a GLM and it is suitable for data aggregation. We make a comparison to the beta regression. A link to an R package for working with the unifed is provided.
An empirical study of the effect that a computer graphics course has on visual-spatial abilities
Authors: González Campos José Saúl , Sánchez-Navarro Jordi , Arnedo-Moreno Joan
Published: November 2019

Visual-spatial abilities are relevant for performing diverse everyday tasks as well as being successful in multiple fields. This work provides empirical evidence supporting the claim that studying a computer graphics course, as commonly offered in computer science or engineering programs, can help develop stronger visual-spatial abilities. This benefit was estimated with the assessment of students’ performances in a standardized test of visual-spatial abilities. This empirical pre-test/post-test study ran for three consecutive semesters and involved six computer graphics groups where students were evaluated with the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test to measure whether the full-semester working on contents heavily related to 2D/3D geometric transformations had a positive effect on students’ visual-spatial intelligence. Results show a statistically significant increase in the average score in the test, which in turn suggests that these cognitive abilities could be reinforced or trained through the normal course workload. Additional findings in this study suggest that a retest gaining factor is present just by taking the test twice, and that there is a weak correlation between students’ level of visual-spatial abilities at the beginning of the course and the final grades obtained at the end of the semester.
Takayasu arteritis with pyoderma gangrenosum: case reports and literature review
Authors: Zhang Xuehan , Jiao Yang
Published: November 2019

Background

Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic inflammatory arteriopathy affecting mainly the aorta and its branches. Many skin manifestations have been reported in association with this disease. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a skin complication that is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by destructive, necrotizing and noninfective skin infiltration. However, there are no related records on these conditions in Chinese patients.

Case presentation

We reported two Chinese female patients presenting with pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Takayasu arteritis. Pyoderma gangrenosum preceded Takayasu arteritis in both patients. Their skin lesions were diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum through skin biopsy and relieved after treating with steroids and immunosuppressants. During the follow-up, both patients developed symptoms caused by vascular stenosis and occlusion, such as dizziness and weakness of upper limb. The results of aortic angiography revealed multiple large arteries narrowed and blocked. According to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, the vasculitis in both patients were classified as Takayasu arteritis. Since there was scant evidence of active inflammation and the skin lesions were stable, neither of them was given strong immnosuppressive therapy. The PubMed database was also searched and 16 related well-documented cases of Takayasu with pyoderma gangrenosum were reviewed and summarized.

Conclusions

Pyoderma gangrenosum could occur at any stage of the Takayasu arteritis disease process. No correlation was found between the location of the skin lesions and the clinical severity and scope of Takayasu arteritis. It is important to remember the rare possibility of Takayasu arteritis in patients with skin lesions indicative of pyoderma gangrenosum of unknown aetiology. Obtaining the relevant history and regular monitoring of the arteries are necessary.
T2* relaxometry to characterize normal placental development over gestation in-vivo at 3T
Authors: Hutter Jana , Jackson Laurence , Ho Alison , Pietsch Maximilian , Story Lisa , Chappell Lucy C. , Hajnal Joseph V. , Rutherford Mary
Published: November 2019

Background: T2* relaxometry has been identified as a non-invasive way to study the placenta in-vivo with good potential to identify placental insufficiency. Typical interpretation links T2* values to oxygen concentrations. This study aimed to comprehensively assess T2* maps as a marker of placental oxygenation in-vivo.

Methods: A multi-echo gradient echo echo planar imaging sequence is used in a cohort of 84 healthy pregnant women. Special emphasis is put on spatial analysis: histogram measures, Histogram Asymmetry Measure (HAM) and lacunarity. Influences of maternal, fetal and placental factors and experimental parameters on the proposed measures are evaluated.

Results: T2* maps were obtained from each placenta in less than 30sec. The previously reported decreasing trend in mean T2* with gestation was confirmed (3.45 ms decline per week). Factors such as maternal age, BMI, fetal sex, parity, mode of delivery and placental location were shown to be uncorrelated with T2* once corrected for gestational age. Robustness of the obtained values with regard to variation in segmentation and voxel-size were established. The proposed spatially resolved measures reveal a change in T2* in late gestation.

Conclusions: T2* mapping is a robust and quick technique allowing quantification of both whole volume and spatial quantification largely independent of confounding factors.
Intensidades de actividad física en juegos estructurados y activos en niños entre 6 y 12 años
Authors: Laíño Fernando Alberto , Santa María Claudio Jorge , Incarbone Óscar , Guinguis Hugo
Published: November 2019

Introducción: muchos niños no alcanzan las recomendaciones internacionales respecto a los niveles de actividad física (AF) relacionados con la salud. El juego estructurado y activo sería una gran estrategia para incrementar la AF. El objetivo fue describir intensidades de af alcanzadas en juegos estructurados seleccionados, y su relación con la recomendación de af para niños. Materiales y métodos: participaron 30 niños normopeso (20 varones y 10 mujeres), de estos grupos etarios: 6-7, 8-9 y 10-12 años. Realizaron 32 juegos de 6 min 50 s (± 1 min 42 s) de duración cada uno, en seis sesiones, y con pausas de 5-6 min interjuegos. La intensidad de af fue determinada por observación sistemática (SOFIT) y acelerometría, categorizando la intensidad de AF según puntos de corte en cuentas por minuto (CPM). Se calcularon medias y ds para variables de acelerometría, CPM y SOFIT. Se realizaron contrastes entre sexos y grupos etarios, considerando el grupo total y por cada juego. Se correlacionaron variables de acelerometría con las de sofit. La significancia fue p <0,05. Resultados: diez juegos pertenecen a af moderada y 22, al límite superior de ligera. Hubo diferencias significativas, para CPM, entre 8-9 y 6-7 años, y entre sexos, en cinco juegos. Se correlacionó af moderada y vigorosa y CMP (r = 0,36; p = 0,04). Conclusiones: estos juegos, respecto a intensidad de af (10 en categoría moderada y 22 en límite superior de ligera), revelan un aporte sustantivo a las recomendaciones de AF para niños.
Autumn parasite update 2019
Authors: Stokes Laura , Wright Ian
Published: November 2019

Each quarter, ESCCAP UK & Ireland publishes a parasite forecast, detailing hop topics over the previous 3 months, forecasting any upcoming trends and highlighting key risks in parasitology. This article looks to review the hot topics, advice and trends so far this year, while also looking forward to the coming months.
Implant materials and prosthetic joint infection: the battle with the biofilm
Authors: Davidson Donald J. , Spratt David , Liddle Alexander D.
Published: November 2019

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and is expensive to treat. Although uncommon overall (affecting between 0.5% and 2.2% of cases), PJI is one of the most commonly encountered complications of joint replacement and its incidence is increasing, putting a significant burden on healthcare systems. Once established, PJI is extremely difficult to eradicate as bacteria exist in biofilms which protect them from antibiotics and the host immune response. Improved understanding of the microbial pathology in PJI has generated potential new treatment strategies for prevention and eradication of biofilm associated infection including modification of implant surfaces to prevent adhesion of bacteria. Much research is currently ongoing looking at different implant surface coatings and modifications, and although most of this work has not translated into clinical medicine there has been some early clinical success.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:633-639. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180095
Adat and Religious Tolerance: Ethnophilosophy Perspective
Authors: Tambunan Sihol Farida
Published: November 2019

As a country with the largest Muslims population in the world, Indonesia has an overwhelming number of communities with different religions, such as Protestant, Catholic, Buddhist, Hindu, Confucianism and other local religions from ancestors that influence various Indonesian people's beliefs. This situation can raise the tendency of conflicts between the majority groups of certain religions and other minority religions in Indonesia. This paper aims to explore the conditions of ethnic communities in Alor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, who live harmoniously among different religions such as Muslims and Christians. Alor District has obtained a trophy of 'Harmony Award' 2017 from the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. This paper uses an ethnophilosophy perspective to find out why Alor custom or 'adat' can establish harmony among the diverse religious communities. Their custom or 'adat' as a relic of Indonesian's ancestors can play a role in avoiding the recent inter-religious conflicts that have recently sprouted in urban areas. Alors custom (adat) is one of the identity traits that had survived from the time of the ancestors of Alor people who had their local religion and before Islam and Christian became the major religions of Alor Society
Presentation and Discussion of an Evaluation Model for Transdisciplinary Research Projects
Authors: Schulte Rebecca , Heilmann Andrea
Published: November 2019

In 2001 the academic advisory council for global environmental changes published the social contract for the big transformation. They demand a worldwide sustainable change in economics and society. Transdisciplinary research (TDR) should support the transformation e.g. by participatory research, learning and knowledge production for successful real-world-projects and knowledge sharing by transformative education. Particularly in connection with the demand for a third mission in universities, the major transformation of the society and the pursuit of sustainable development, it might surprise there is still no balance between Mode-2-Science, which TDR is a part of, and the monodisciplinary Mode-1-Science. In literature various examples of a punctual or in part project-accompanying evaluation of TDR can be found, but however, the crucial long-term consequences of these projects are often not taken into consideration here - although they are required by many authors. Regarding the increasing importance of a third mission for universities, an increase in the meaning of TDR projects is expected. Therefore, new tools and methods are needed. In this paper an evaluation model is presented and applied that enables a project-related evaluation of TDR as well as sustainable third mission projects. The first use of the evaluation model and the quality criteria for research are presented and discussed. Keywords: Transdisciplinary Research, Transdisciplinarity, Evaluation, Transformation, Sustainability
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF JOINT BEAM WITH JOINT SHEAR WALL STRUCTURE
Authors: Ru-da Jia
Published: November 2019

The reinforced concrete connecting beams that exhibit a larger shear span ratio (μ≥2.5) are easy to dissipate energy under seismic action, thereby protecting other components. However, the connecting girder will be seriously damaged under this action, which hinders the rapid recovery of the building function after the earthquake. By installing shear damper in the span of the connecting beam, the deformation and damage of the connecting beam can be concentrated in the damper. To test the seismic performance of the scheme, three specimens with a shear span ratio of 3.0 were designed in the present study, namely 2 ordinary RC beams and 1 energy dissipation beam with damper. According to the comparison of the performance in the three components in the quasi-static test, the energy dissipation connecting beams with reasonable design can effectively reduce the damage degree of concrete beam sections and wall limbs. In the meantime, the bearing capacity problem of RC beams was not found in energy dissipation connecting beams, which helps to achieve the ideal structural damage control.
COMPLEX STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROTECTION OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS FROM THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL SEISMICITY
Authors: Witzany Jiří , Zigler Radek , Čejka Tomáš , Libecajtová Aneta
Published: November 2019

The issues of the response of buildings to dynamic loading effects caused by natural seismicity have become a focus of great interest worldwide. According to the latest observations and calculations, the seismic hazard for buildings, mainly in seismically active regions of the Czech Republic, has increased, together with the area of the territories where buildings must be assessed for seismic effects. It is primarily historic and listed buildings with vaulted structures, or even partially damaged ones, that are exceptionally sensitive to the deformations of the supporting structure due to natural seismicity, and their response to these effects is often accompanied by the appearance of structural failures.
STUDY ON THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF BONDING LAYER AROUND PILE BODY IN SOFT CLAY
Authors: Yue-Nan Jiang , Song Chen
Published: November 2019

After jacked pile is driven into the soft clay, a bonding layer would form a around pile body, it enlarges the pile side area and increases its bearing capacity effectively. At present, there are few reports about it. In this paper, the formation mechanism of a bonding layer was studied by theoretical analysis and field test. The results show that the soil particles adhering to a solid surface is an interface phenomenon, the adhesive force is related to soil moisture content, particle size and solid interface conditions. According to the theoretical analysis the bonding layer is the adhesion of tiny colloidal particles on pile surface and is the result of a disturbed soil becomes plastic body from plastic flow after water film disappears. Field test verified the theory and confirmed that the bonding layer was a pile-soil interaction, in the same clay, only the pile with coarse surface has the bonding layer. Finally, a microscopic test of soil samples was carried out, further explaining the formation mechanism of bonding layer.
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING RAYLEIGH DAMPING PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX FIELD
Authors: Wang Huai-feng , Zhang Ru-lin
Published: November 2019

Rayleigh damping model, which is still adopted by many general finite element programsand widely used in analysis of engineering, leads to the inconformity of the calculating modaldamping ratio with the actual modal damping ratios. The appropriate Rayleigh damping matrix issignificant for accurate dynamic response analysis of complicated field. This paper establishes adual parameter optimization theory for calculation of Rayleigh damping coefficients. The functionalrelation between the relative error of dynamic response and Rayleigh damping coefficients isestablished based on CQC method. By taking the square sum of the errors of peak value ofdisplacement and the error of peak value of acceleration at the multiple points (DOF) of the surfaceof the complex site as the control objective, the equations for solving Rayleigh damping coefficientsare obtained based on the principle of minimizing the control objective. Then, as an example, theseismic response of a valley under the excitation of 28 representative seismic waves which arerandomly selected is calculated and the error due to Rayleigh damping model is analysed. Thenumerical result verifies the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.
RUTTING AND MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF ASPHALT WEARING COURSE GRADATIONS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Hussain Arshad
Published: November 2019

This research focused the impact of various aggregate gradations on permanent deformation and moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete mixtures. Five wearing course of different gradation, namely NHA-A, NHA-B, SP-1, SP-2 and MS-2, were adopted. Two paving grade bitumen i.e. 40/50 and 60/70 were used. Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) and Modified Lottman test were performed to assess rutting propensity and moisture damage of asphalt mixtures. The results indicated the superior performance of NRL 40/50 binder in HWTT while mixes prepared with Parco 60/70 showed better resistance against moisture. In HWTT, NHA-A performed well followed by NHA-B and SP-2 while MS-2 and SP-1 failed the minimum rut depth criteria. All the mixtures passed the minimum benchmark for Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR). Aggregate gradation SP-1 given in Superpave guidelines provided greater resistance to moisture damage due to compact nature of the blend. Rutting tendency of the mixtures increased with increasing TSR and decreasing Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS).
Peningkatan Daya Saing Produk Melalui Kreasi Makanan Berbahan Baku Hasil Pertanian Lokal
Authors: Khairani Zulia , Kamilah Faizah , Aznuriyandi Aznuriyandi
Published: November 2019

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Desa Palas Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru. Mitra program ini yaitu Kelompok PKK di Kelurahan Palas dan Kelompok Ibu-Ibu Pengajian di Desa Palas Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru. Permasalahan mitra antara lain kurangnya motivasi berwirausahaa, kurangnya pengetahuan menentukan jenis produk atau jasa yang akan dijual, dan kendala biaya bahan baku yang tinggi berdampak pada harga jual yang mahal. Adapun solusi yang yang ditawarkan yaitu mempraktekkan teknik pembuatan makanan olahan berbahan baku singkong, memperkenalkan teknik produksi yang praktis dan mudah, peningkatan motivasi usaha, dan pemasaran produk. Pada umumnya peserta mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan dengan baik dan bersemangat hal ini didasarkan antara lain dari hasil praktik yang dicapai. Setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini peserta dapat memiliki pengetahuan tentang makanan dengan bahan, jenis dan teknik olah yang bervariasi. Peserta pelatihan dapat mengola kreasi makanan dari singkong yang menggunakan bahan baku singkong dengan variasi teknik olah. Peserta pelatihan dapat menerapkan cara-cara memasarkan produk dengan tepat.[This community service activity was held in Palas Village, Rumbai Sub District, Pekanbaru City. Partners of this program are PKK Group in Palas Village and Mother-Study Group in Palas Village, Rumbai Sub District, Pekanbaru City. Partner problems include lack of entrepreneurship motivation, lack of knowledge determining the type of product or service to be sold, and high raw material cost constraints affecting the expensive selling price. The solution offered is to practice the manufacture of processed food made from raw cassava, introducing practical and easy production techniques, increased business motivation, and product marketing. In general, participants participate in training activities well and eagerly this is based among others from the results of the practice achieved. After participating in this activity the participants can have knowledge about food with various materials, types and techniques. Training participants can manage the creation of food from cassava using cassava raw material with variation of technique though. Training participants can apply the ways to market the product properly.]
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Kelompok Wanita Tani untuk Pembuatan Kompos dengan Bioaktivator Mol dan Dikelola Melalui Bank Kompos
Authors: Astuti Agung , Hariyono Hariyono
Published: November 2019

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan anggota Kelompok Wanita Tani desa Kranggan, Galur, Kulon Progo untuk membuat kompos dari sampah organik dengan bioaktivator Mikro OrganismeLokal (MOL) serta mampu mengelola secara komersial melalui bank kompos. Metode yang digunakan yaitu: observasi, interview, diskusi kelompok, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan praktek aplikasi teknologi, serta pendampingan dan monitoring evaluasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan dengan media Power Point ada peningkatan 39,1% tentang pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah dan dengan media alat peraga ada peningkatan pengetahuan 42,5% tentang nilai ekonomis sampah, sedangkan dengan pelatihan langsung pembuatan kompos maka ketrampilan meningkat 68,2% dan dengan teknik pengemasan yang bagus dan lakuan dipasaran, maka 80% anggota KWT yakin pengelolaan melalui bank kompos.[The purpose of this community service activity was to improve knowledge and skill of Women Farmer Group of Kranggan vilage, Galur, Kulon Progo, to produce compost based on organic waste using Local Microorganism bioactivator. In addition, the activity was also aimed at developing commercial management capability through the establishment of compost bank. The methods used in this activity were: observation, interview, group discussion, extension, training and technological application practice, as well as accompaniment, monitoring and evaluation. The results of the activity demonstrated that the extension by employing Power Point media gave the 39.1% improvement of the knowledge on waste management. The use of demonstration devices gave 42.5 % improvement of economic values of waste, while direct practices of compost making improved the skill by 68.2%. By employing good packaging technique, 80% of the Women Farmer Group member feel confident with the management of waste through development compost bank.]
Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Memakai Teknologi Pirolisis Untuk Pembelajaran dan Konservasi Lingkungan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kasim Fadli , Ridwan Mohammad Kholid , Putra M. Yayan Adi
Published: November 2019

Jumlah santri yang mencapai 4.986 orang di ketiga Pondok Pesantren Al-Anwar menyebabkan produksi sampah di lingkungan pondok lebih dari satu ton per harinya. Sejumlah 239,93 kg sampah merupakan sampah plastik yang tidak mudah terurai di lingkungan karena sifatnya yang nonbiodegradable. Hal ini menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan, terlebih ketika sampah dibakar di udara terbuka dan dibuang ke laut seperti metode penanganan sampah yang dilakukan oleh pengurus pondok saat ini. Dalam penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi langkah awal pembelajaran pelestarian lingkungan dengan teknologi pirolisis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat model mesin pirolisis Plastic to Oil Machine (PeTOM), berkapasitas 30 liter. Dengan mesin ini, minyak mulai dihasilkan pada menit ke-45 yang mana setiap 1 kg sampah plastik menghasilkan 0,4-0,49 kg minyak bakar. Potensi minyak bakar yang dihasilkan di Pondok Pesantren Al Anwar adalah 239,33 liter per hari dengan potensi ekonomi setara dengan Rp. 35.899.200,00 per bulan.[The number of students who reached 4,986 people in the three Pondok Pesantren Al Anwar cause waste production in the cottage neighborhood more than one ton per day. A total of 239.93 kg of waste is a plastic waste that is not easy to decompose in the environment because it is nonbiodegradable. This causes environmental pollution, especially when garbage is burned in the open air and discharged into the sea such as methods of handling waste made by the current cottage board. In this study is expected to be the first step of environmental conservation learning with pyrolysis technology. The research was done by making the model of pyrolysis machine of Plastic to Oil Machine (PeTOM), with 30 liters capacity. With this engine, oil began to be produced in the 45th minute of which every 1 kg of plastic waste produced 0.4-0.49 kg of fuel oil. The potential of fuel produced at Pondok Pesantren Al Anwar is 239.33 liters per day with economic potential equivalent to Rp. 35.899.200,- per month.]
Fun Chemistry for Kids: Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar Sains bagi Siswa Kelas 2 SD Muhammadiyah Sapen melalui Percobaan Sains Sederhana dengan menggunakan Alat Bekas Pakai dan Bahan sehari-hari
Authors: Nugraha Irwan
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan kegiatan Parent’s Day sekaligus kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di bidang kimia bertema “Fun Chemistry for Kids” yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa mempelajari bidang sains. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara memperkenalkan profesi ilmuwan (kimiawan) kepada siswa-siswa Kelas 2 SD Muhammmadiyah Sapen, percobaan pencampuran warna-warna primer dan percobaan meniup balon karet melalui reaksi kimia antara cuka dapur dengan soda kue. Kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa Kelas 2 SD Muhammmadiyah Sapen dalam mempelajari bidang sains dan meningkatkan hubungan kemitraan antara guru wali kelas, sekolah dan orang tua.[Parent’s Day activities have been carried out as well as community service activities in the field of chemistry with the theme “Fun Chemistry for Kids” which aims to increase students' interest in learning about science. This activity was carried out by introducing the profession of scientists (chemists) to Grade 2 students of Muhammmadiyah Sapen Elementary School, experiments in mixing primary colors and trying to blow rubber balloons through a chemical reaction between kitchen vinegar and baking soda. This activity can increase the learning interest of Grade 2 students at Muhammmadiyah Sapen Elementary School in studying science and improving partnership between teachers, schools and parents.]
Устойчивость и сходимость разностных схем для уравнения диффузии дискретно-распределенного порядка с обобщенными функциями памяти
Authors: Хибиев Асланбек Хизирович , Khibiev Aslanbek Kh
Published: November 2019

Методом энергетических неравенств получена априорная оценка решения первой краевой задачи для уравнения диффузии дискретно-распределенного порядка с обобщенными функциями памяти. Построен разностный аналог дробной производной дискретно-распределенного порядка с обобщенными функциями памяти (аналог формулы L1). Исследованы основные свойства этого разностного оператора и на его основе построены разностные схемы второго и четвертого порядков аппроксимации по пространственной переменной и дробного порядка $ 2{-}\alpha_0 $ по временной переменной. Доказана устойчивость предложенных разностных схем, а также их сходимость в сеточной $ L_2 $-норме со скоростью, равной порядку погрешности аппроксимации. Достоверность полученных результатов подтверждают численные расчеты, проведенные для тестовых примеров.
О математической модели неизотермического ползущего течения жидкости через заданную область
Authors: Домнич Анастасия Александровна , Domnich Anastasia A. , Барановский Евгений Сергеевич , Baranovskii Evgenii Sergeevich , Артeмов Михаил Анатольевич , Artemov Mikhail Anatolievich
Published: November 2019

Рассматривается математическая модель, описывающая стационарное ползущее течение неравномерно нагретой несжимаемой жидкости через ограниченную трехмерную область с локально-липшицевой границей. Выбранная модель представляет собой систему нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных второго порядка со смешанными краевыми условиями: на участке протекания заданы давление, температура и касательная составляющая поля скоростей, а на твердых стенках сосуда используется условие прилипания и краевое условие типа Робена для температуры. Для данной краевой задачи вводится понятие слабого решения (пара «скорость-температура»), которое определяется как решение некоторой системы интегральных тождеств. Основной результат работы - теорема о существовании слабых решений в подпространстве декартова произведения двух соболевских пространств. Для доказательства этой теоремы дается операторная трактовка краевой задачи, выводятся априорные оценки решений и применяется теорема Лерэ-Шаудера о неподвижной точке вполне непрерывного отображения. Установлены энергетические равенства, которым удовлетворяют слабые решения.
Stochastic models of just-in-time systems and windows of vulnerability in terms of the processes of birth and death
Authors: Butov Aleksander Aleksandrovich , Kovalenko Anatoly A.
Published: November 2019

В работе предлагается метод построения моделей на основе анализа процессов размножения и гибели с линейным ростом в семимартингальных терминах. На основе этого метода рассматриваются стохастические модели простых систем точно-в-срок (анализируемые в теории продуктивных систем) и окна уязвимости (широко обсуждаемые в теории риска). Основные результаты, полученные в работе, представлены в терминах средних значений времени, за которое процессы достигают нулевых значений. При этом рассматриваются и используются при исследовании моделей оценки для локальных времен процессов.
Здесь анализируются простые марковские процессы с линейным ростом интенсивностей (скорость которого, быть может, зависит от времени). При этом полученные и используемые оценки представляют теоретический интерес. Так, например, среднее значение момента, в который процесс достигает нулевого значения, зависит от таких функций параметров модели, как гармоническое число и остаточный член логарифмической функции в разложении Тейлора.
В качестве основного результата предлагается метод математического моделирования систем точно-в-срок и окон уязвимости. Используемый здесь семимартингальный метод описания следует рассматривать как первый шаг такого моделирования, поскольку, являясь траекторным, он допускает диффузионные (в том числе немарковские) обобщения при построении стохастических моделей окон уязвимости и систем точно-в-срок. В настоящей работе получены утверждения для средних значений локального времени и моментов достижения процессами размножения и гибели заданного значения. Это позволило единообразно представить оценки для моделей системы точно-в-срок и для окон уязвимости (результат для которых представлен в форме предельной теоремы). Основные результаты сформулированы в виде теорем и лемм. Доказательства используют семимартингальные методы.
Technische Unterstützung für Menschen mit Demenz?
Authors: Weinberger Nora , Decker Michael
Published: November 2019

Erste assistive Technologien für Menschen mit Demenz wurden bereits entwickelt und sind auch schon am Markt erhältlich. Von einem flächendeckenden Einsatz dieser Technologien kann aber nicht gesprochen werden. Vor dem Hintergrund der offensichtlich vorhandenen gesellschaftlichen Bedarfslage – Demenz gilt als eine der gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen in Zusammenhang mit dem demografischen Wandel – liegt der Verdacht nahe, dass diese frühen technischen Entwicklungen die Nachfrage des Marktes noch nicht ausreichend gut adressieren. Hier kann eine bedarfsorientierte Technikentwicklung mit der Analyse des räumlichen, sozialen und funktionalen Handlungskontextes und der Identifikation der Anforderungen und Wünsche der Akteure im Pflegearrangement ansetzen. Das heißt, bevor technische Festlegungen getroffen werden, wird erhoben, welche Bedarfe an Unterstützung im Arrangement bestehen. Lassen sich zur Befriedigung dieser Bedarfe technische Assistenzsysteme identifizieren, die im Pflegearrangement für akzeptabel erachtet werden, dann beginnt ein anschließender Technikentwicklungsprozess bereits mit diesem Akzeptabilitäts-Vorschuss. Auch eine den Technikentwicklungsprozess begleitende Technikfolgenforschung profitiert von dieser bedarfsorientierten Vorgehensweise, wie anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus dem Pflegezusammenhang für Menschen mit Demenz dargestellt wird.
Technik und Pflege in einer Gesellschaft des langen Lebens
Authors: Hülsken-Giesler Manfred , Krings Bettina-Johanna
Published: November 2019

Reflexionen zum Technikeinsatz in Kontexten der Pflegearbeit in einer Gesellschaft des langen Lebens lassen sich nicht auf pragmatische Aspekte der Technikentwicklung, -nutzung und -bewertung begrenzen. Sie fordern vielmehr konstitutiv zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit grundlegenden Fragen der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung auf und provozieren Debatten um den gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Alter und Vulnerabilität oder um das Verhältnis von Effektivität und Effizienz der Fürsorge in einer modernen Gesellschaft. Wie durch ein Brennglas bündeln sich Fragen nach den kulturellen Vorstellungen des Alterns sowie der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung insgesamt in der Auseinandersetzung um Pflege und Technik in einer Gesellschaft des langen Lebens. Das vorliegende Schwerpunktheft sucht Anregungen zu diesen Fragen aus Perspektive der Gerontologie, der Pflegewissenschaft sowie der Technikfolgenabschätzung zu erhalten.
What About Your Futures, Technology Assessment?
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Lösch Andreas
Published: November 2019

The visions of TA itself receive hardly any attention, although the field is variously engaged in the contests of sociotechnical futures in the making. In this essay we show, however, that TA is full of implicit and explicit visions of the future and that it enacts different relationships to these visions and the role they play in innovation and transformation processes. We outline the three ideal types “observer of visions”, “co-constructor of visions”, and “visioneer” to designate different modes how TA is dealing with visions of the future – by others and by itself. These ideal types may help to (dis-)entangle the different implicit and explicit TA visions in current TA practices and may serve as an orientation to develop a “visioneering TA” which strategically takes part in contesting futures through promoting visions. The essay ends with suggestions for TA to engage more seriously with its futures.
Human Enhancement aus ethischer Sicht
Authors: Bendel Oliver
Published: November 2019

Human Enhancement, die Erweiterung des Menschen, birgt sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Es kann ein gutes Leben fördern, indem die persönliche Autonomie gestärkt wird, aber ebenso gefährden, wenn die informationelle Autonomie geschwächt wird. Gehen die Entwicklungen von der Künstlichen Intelligenz, der Robotik und der Informatik aus, müssen sich Technikfolgenabschätzung, Technikethik und Informationsethik den moralischen, gesellschaftlichen und rechtlichen Aspekten widmen. In diesem Beitrag wird v. a. aus der Informationsethik heraus argumentiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch Human Enhancement ein Identitäts- und Wirklichkeitsverlust droht und sich Konsequenzen für Informationsgerechtigkeit und persönliche bzw. informationelle Autonomie ergeben können.
Wasserstoff im Tank
Authors: Burkhardt Jörg , Patyk A.
Published: November 2019

Zur Senkung von Klimagasemissionen und zur Ressourcenschonung wird der Einsatz von Wasserstoff im Mobilitätssektor heute als eine der aussichtsreichsten Alternativen zu fossilen Treibstoffen gesehen. Um die Markteinführung zu stützen, sollen bis Sommer 2016 fünfzig Wasserstofftankstellen in Deutschland errichtet werden. Begleitend zum Tankstellenausbau soll die Technik in dem hier vorgestellten Projekt „Begleitforschung 50-Tankstellen-Programm im Rahmen des Nationalen Innovationsprogramms Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellentechnologie“ interdisziplinär erforscht werden. So wird neben der Standfestigkeit der Technik z. B. auch ihre Akzeptanz bei Nutzern sowie das energiewirtschaftliche Umfeld analysiert und bewertet. Aus der Sachstandserhebung sollen eventuelle Probleme und Schwachstellen identifiziert und Verbesserungsansätze abgeleitet werden. Das Projekt läuft bis Dezember 2016.
Gemeindebeteiligung als Schlüssel für regionale Akzeptanz
Authors: Widmann Wolfgang , Roner M. , Weidner R.
Published: November 2019

Durch eine frühe Einbindung der Gemeinden und betroffener Bürger in die Projektentwicklung sowie deren Beteiligung an der Projektgesellschaft, kann die bei der Umsetzung von Infrastrukturprojekten häufig auftretende ablehnende Haltung in der Bevölkerung überwunden werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass es sich um ein ökologisch verträgliches und zugleich wirtschaftliches Projekt handelt. Schlüssel für das Erreichen der regionalen Akzeptanz ist der Aufbau eines Vertrauensverhältnisses unter den Projektpartnern. Dies gelingt durch Transparenz, ergebnisoffene Diskussionen, Beteiligung an Entscheidungen und glaubwürdiges Bemühen, den gemeinsamen Projekterfolg über die Eigeninteressen zu stellen.
Epistemische Governance für nachhaltige Energietransformationen
Authors: Pfister Thomas , Glück Sarah
Published: November 2019

Eine der drängendsten Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts ist die Transformation der vorherrschenden Energiesysteme in Richtung größerer Nachhaltigkeit. Bei diesen Problemstellungen handelt es sich um die komplexe Neuordnung vieldimensionaler soziotechnischer Systeme. Wissensproduktion ist dabei ein zentrales Element bei der Suche und Auseinandersetzung um die Energiesysteme der Zukunft. Die EnergyCultures-Nachwuchsgruppe betreibt Transformationsforschung mit dem Ziel, die Bedingungen, Potenziale und Grenzen transformativer Wissensproduktion und deren Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Neuordnung von Energiesystemen zu ergründen.
Bioökonomie als soziotechnische Gestaltungsaufgabe
Authors: Scheer Dirk
Published: November 2019

Wie lässt sich soziotechnischer Wandel im Kontext der Bioökonomie aktiv gestalten? Und wie kann mit Risiko, Unsicherheit, Nicht-Wissen und Komplexität entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten umgegangen werden? Diese Fragestellungen stehen im Mittelpunkt des laufenden Forschungsprojekts „Good Governance Bioökonomie“, das im Rahmen der sozialwissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung der Bioökonomiestrategie Baden-Württembergs gefördert wird. Im Sinne einer passgenauen Begleitforschung wird das Projekt empirisch auf die bereits geförderten technischen Bioökonomieprojekte im Bereich Lignocellulose und Biogas zurückgreifen, um über Expertengespräche und Interviews Bandbreiten, Einflussfaktoren und Gestaltungspotenziale für den Übergang zu einer biobasierten Wirtschaft zu ermitteln.
Responsible Innovation for An Ageing Society
Authors: Ladikas Miltos
Published: November 2019

Die alternde Bevölkerung stellt eine große Herausforderung dar, der auch Innovationen und neu entwickelte Technologien Rechnung tragen müssen. Beiträge hierzu müssen allerdings in einem verantwortungsvollen Prozess gemeinsam mit der Gesellschaft entwickelt und nicht von außen aufgestülpt werden. Daher benötigt man das Wissen und die Erfahrung, wie verantwortliche Forschung und Innovation (RRI) für Technologien im Bereich der Sozialdienste erreicht werden kann. Das Projekt „Assisted Living“ beschäftigt sich in Norwegen mit dieser Herausforderung und zieht Vergleiche zu Deutschland und Großbritannien.
Zur Sicherheit von Fresh-Cut-Warenketten
Authors: Dierich Axel , Muranyi Peter , Kramer Bernd
Published: November 2019

Verzehrfertige Salate, Obstprodukte und Sprossen boomen. Allerdings bergen sie ein nicht unerhebliches Risiko einer Belastung mit Krankheitserregern. Warum lassen sich Einträge von pathogenen Bakterien trotz hoher Hygienestandards in den verarbeitenden Betrieben nicht vollständig vermeiden? An welchen Stellen der Warenketten erfolgen Kontaminationen und wie können sich die Erreger vermehren? Das vom BMBF im Rahmen des Programms „Forschung für die zivile Sicherheit“ geförderte Verbundprojekt SAFEFRESH hat erforscht, wie sich das mikrobielle Risiko bei Fresh-Cut-Erzeugnissen reduzieren lässt. Dazu wurden ein Monitoring- und verschiedene Entkeimungsverfahren entwickelt sowie realistische Szenarios zu möglichen Kontaminationsfällen und deren Folgekaskaden hergeleitet. Der Gewinn an zusätzlicher Sicherheit ist jedoch begrenzt.