bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rolling stand electric drive model regarding influence of power supply network parameters
Authors: Valery Mikhailovich Druzhinin , Alexey Anatolievich Kalinin , Galina Alexandrovna Sivyakova
Published: December 2022

Operation mode of hot rolling mill finishing group stands of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC electric drives along with thyristor converter units, intended for the drives supply effect significantly the power network parameters. While being carried out the experimental research on operating modes of power network supplying the rolling mill, some oscillograms were constructed that indicate voltage during the rolling process. Analyzing the oscillograms it appears that there are unacceptable voltage drops throughout the network (more than 10%), that, in its turn, effects negatively the main and auxiliary electric drives functioning. Electric drive simulation model have been constructed with the aim accomplishment to learn more about operating modes features of finishing group stands electric drives as well as power network supplying the hot rolling mill, where the main objective is getting the decreased parameters of their mutual influence. The scientific project purpose is verification of the mathematical model choice correctness, construction of a simulation model of the electric drive control system for the main drives of the hot rolling mill stands, taking into consideration the parameters of the power supply network and checking its adequacy.
The application of multi-layer phosphor-in-glass sheets in boosting white light emitting diodes chromaticity
Authors: Thanh Tung Ha , Phuc Dang Huu , Le Thai Nguyen
Published: December 2022

With the use of phosphor-in-glass (abbreviated as PiG), it is possible to make alterations for the remote adjustment incorporated with a diode that generates blue light emitting diode (LED) and acquire remarkably superior light output at considerable temperatures of color compared to standard structures of LED devices. It should be noted that the imbrication of emission spectra in phosphor substances, as well as the forfeited, amount of light caused by reabsorption appear to be the primary problems stemming from the model of multi-color phosphor. The earlier study came up with the method of creating various phosphor-in-glass (PiGs) by slicing and reconstruction, which remedied certain aspects of the flaws mentioned. Practically speaking, the light amount forfeited occurs in the linking zones in the middle of the color phosphor and will be a subject of the research. We can see for certain that it is necessary to come up with a means of preparation to deal with the issues of the interfacial layer. Therefore, the low sintering of PiGs at 600 °C was considered an appropriate procedure, as it could create a double-layer PiG in a lying direction as well as a triple-layer PiG yielding superior optical efficiency when compared to equivalent versions.
Automation and electrical control of a mortising machine with 12 synchronous perforations in the manufacture of stairs
Authors: López-Borjas Daniel , Chamorro-Atalaya Omar , Aldana-Trejo Florcita , Chaccara-Contreras Vidalina , Alvarado-Bravo Nestor , Zevallos-Vera Erika , Anicama-Navarrete Evelyn
Published: December 2022

With the constant technological development, industries have been incorporating technologies into their manufacturing processes, which generate benefits in the productive field. In the manufacturing process of wooden stairs, the faults of the products, generates that an adequate homogeneity is not achieved, often because the manual operation is carried out without having established parameters in the handling of the mortiser. In this sense, the present article develops an automatism and electrical control of a 12 synchronous perforation mortiser, in order to improve the productivity of the perforation stage in the manufacture of wooden stairs. As part of the development, the electrical, pneumatic and mechanical control system is carried out using Autodesk Inventor software, while the KOP programming is carried out in Tía Portal V14 with connection to S7 PLCSIM V14 using the programmable logic controller (PLC) 1214C. Once the automation has been implemented, a reduction in the processing time per wooden strip of 74.68% is obtained. Likewise, with the automatic process, it is possible to produce 2,460 units of slats, that is, the monthly production increases by 294.9%, in other words, the productivity is 58 units of slats manufactured per hour.
Experimental investigation of hybrid thermoelectric evaporative air-cooling system for crickets rearing process
Authors: Parametpisit Peeradapath , Panmuang Piyapat , Sonsilphong Amornthep , Soemphol Chaiyong
Published: December 2022

Due to the effects of the change in temperature that have resulted in dramatic changes in the livelihoods of crickets. Hence, the implementation of cooling technologies is an important factor for alleviating these negative consequences. This research presents the experimentally investigate the feasibility of employing a thermoelectric cooler in combination with an evaporative air-cooling system for two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) rearing process. The proposed cooling system has been installed to reduce the temperature that appropriate for the cricket rearing. The experimental results show that the product air temperature of cricket rearing pens with thermoelectric evaporative air-cooling system decreases form ambient air. The average temperature of the cricket rearing pens with thermoelectric evaporative air-cooling system is 29.66 °C, with the highest temperature at 31.40 °C. While the average temperature of the cricket rearing pens without thermoelectric evaporative air-cooling system is 33.75 °C, with the highest temperature at 37.10 °C. Furthermore, this research also shows that this proposed system can improve cricket survival rate. The crickets that reared in the prototype system have a survival rate of 88.5%, while survival rate of crickets in an uncontrolled pen is 67.2%. This paper provides a potential of applying thermoelectric evaporative air-cooling for cricket farming.
Fuzzy logic system for drug storage based on the internet of things: a survey
Authors: Mohammed Othman Shivan , Bahjat Abdulrazzaq Maiwan
Published: December 2022

The rapid development of internet of things (IoT) technology over the course of recent history has made it possible to connect a large number of smart things and sensors, as well as to establish an environment in which data can be seamlessly exchanged between them. This has led to an increase in the demand for data analysis and storage platforms such as cloud computing and fog computing. One of the application areas for the internet of things that has garnered a lot of interest from the business world, academic institutions, and the government is healthcare. The IoT and fuzzy logic are being used in the medical business to improve patient safety, the overall quality of care, and the overall efficiency of medical operations. The most important healthcare studies that are pertinent to pharmacies have been used as the basis for this research. The purpose of this research is to investigate recent advancements in medical modules, remotes, and detector patterns, as well as current innovations in IoT and fuzzy logic-based health care, and current policies from around the world, with the intention of determining how well they support the long-term growth of IoT and fuzzy logic in healthcare.
Automated drainage system for thermoelectric power plant
Authors: Melgarejo-Jara Max , Chamorro-Atalaya Omar , Aldana-Trejo Florcita , Alvarado-Bravo Nestor , Farfán-Aguilar José , Zevallos-Vera Erika , Anicama-Navarrete Evelyn
Published: December 2022

The Chilca 2 thermoelectric power plant, located in the province of Lima, Peru, has an open cycle gas turbine and a combined cycle steam turbine, whose combined capacity is 112.8 MW (Mega Watts). This plant requires auxiliary equipment for its operation, which is why it consists of electrical systems, lubrication system, hydraulic ventilation, pumps, vacuum systems and drainage of condensate generated by the difference in temperature in the steam conductor. Said drainage system is inside a 5-meter-deep basement that, being exposed to the elements, is exposed to falling drops of water that are generated by the vapors that are released due to the difference in temperature, repeatedly flooding and exposing to hazards that affect the normal operation of the thermoelectric plant. The proposed solution is based on the philosophy of a feedback control system, which uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) Siemens 1214AC/DC/Relay programmable logic controller, which, through a frequency inverter, activates the drainage pumps; the frequency range at which the variator works is linked to a 4-position level sensor. The result shows that it was possible to activate the frequency variator in a controlled manner through frequencies of 10 Hz, 30 Hz and 60 Hz, in this way a sustained operation of the drainage system is guaranteed.
Smart fuzzy logic control of photovoltaic system: case study Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: A. Khalaf Taha , Alshahrani Khalid , Alsubaie Obaid , Aljohani Anas , AlAnzi Waleed , Aref Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Robust controls of photovoltaic (PV) system applications that include modular multilevel inverter (MMI) for interfacing stand-alone and gridconnected operating modes are investigated in this paper to overcome interfacing problems of two-level and three-level inverters. The MMI provides high-quality voltage, current, and power signals without additional filters, which reduces complexity and cost of interface circuits. A new control method of active and reactive power has been introduced for PV systems to get maximum power point (MPP) in various climatic circumstances. The steady-state and dynamic performances of MMI are investigated using MATLAB/Simulink. A fuzzy logic control is proposed to track the MPP utilizing the perturb and observe (P&O) technique. A fair comparison between fuzzy logic control and proportional integral (PI) control was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink. The fuzzy logic controller for obtaining MPPT by P&O method is proposed to get fast and accurate results. The obtained results obvioused that the fuzzy logic controller is quick accessing MPP than PI controller. A simple LC filter can achieve minimum harmonics provided by total harmonic distortion (THD) of MMI within IEEE limit. The PV system for standalone and grid-connected modes is being tested under climatic conditions in the city of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Influence of wind speed on rain-based attenuation at Ku-band for earth-satellite links in Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Ojo Joseph , Olawale Sunday Isaac , Olusayo Olurotimi Elijah
Published: December 2022

The peculiarity of the tropical climate shows that when the quality of service (QoS) on Satellite-Earth propagation links is to be determined, the statistics of rain-based attenuation (RbA), storm speed, and their impacts are the important parameters to be considered, especially at frequencies above 10 GHz. This paper assesses the influence of storm speed in estimating RbA at Ku-band, based on 2-year rain rate data obtained using automatic weather station (AWS) and RbA beacon measurements in Nigeria. The rain rates based on the time series were employed to deduce the time series RbA based on the synthetic storm technique (SST) algorithm. The results show a seasonal pattern of rain rate that correlates with the SST-based RbA. The RbA generated closely follows suit with the beacon measurement, especially under low wind speed, and outperforms the international telecommunications union–radiocommunication sector (ITU-R) model based on the lowest metric measures. However, at a higher storm speed, the RbA generated deviated widely from the measured RbA values by about 16%. These results are crucial for figuring out what needs to be done to protect QoS in a tropical area where wind and rain are common.
Study and innovation of effective classification of XML documents using an advanced deep learning approach
Authors: Sanmugam Sahunthala , Geetha Angelina , Parthiban Latha
Published: December 2022

In the digital world, classifying real sensed data in huge volumes derived from numerical problems is a challenging task due to the computational complexity of the metaheuristic searching process. The deep learning approach includes convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional (BI)-LSTM, suitable for an optimistic processing time of analyzing XML datasets (i.e., social media, trade center, and surveillance data exchanged in the internet world). However, it faces process deviation when datasets extend their range beyond the expected volume. This paper proposes a novel deep learning formwork referred to as archimed improved numerical optimization deep learning (AINODL) to improve the classification of XML datasets. The proposed AINODL framework first extracts feature from XML documents using the vector space model. Secondly, it classifies the XML data using the inbuilt function of the AINODL framework. The experiments demonstrate that the performance parameters accuracy (90%), sensitivity (93%), and specificity (94%) of the proposed AINODL framework are significantly enhanced compared with the existing approaches CNN, LSTM, and BI-LSTM.
A deep learning content-based image retrieval approach using cloud computing
Authors: S. Sayed Mahmoud , A. A. Gad-Elrab Ahmed , A. Fathy Khaled , R. Raslan Kamal
Published: December 2022

Due to the rapid growth in multimedia content and its visual complexity, contentbased image retrieval (CBIR) has become a very challenging task. Existing works achieve high precision values at first retrieval levels such as top 10 and top 20 images, but low precision values at subsequent levels such as top 40, 50, and 70, so the goal of this paper is to propose a new CBIR approach that achieves high precision values at all retrieval levels. The proposed method combines features extracted from the pre-trained AlexNet model and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Then principal components analysis (PCA) is performed on AlexNet’s features and feeding these combination to multiclass support vector machine (SVM). The euclidean distance is used to measure the similarity between query and stored images features within the predicted class by SVM. Finally top similar images are ranked and retrieved. All above techniques require huge computational power which may not be available on client machine thus, the processing of these tasks is processed on cloud. Experimental results on the benchmark Corel-1k show that the proposed method achieves high precision value 97% along all retrieval levels top 10, 20 and 70 images and requiring less memory compared to other methods.
Multiplatform system oriented to telemedicine
Authors: Arelli Liñan Espinoza Elizabeth , Jordy Echevarría Carpio Erich , Andrade-Arenas Laberiano
Published: December 2022

The research arises from the need that was seen in people in recent years due to COVID-19, since remote medical care was required to avoid contagion, that it was developed with the Flutter tool and it is oriented towards telemedicine, which provides a medical evaluation service between patients and doctors. For the development of the methodology, the agile methodology of extreme programming "XP" was implemented, since it is of great help for the development of the system, the proto-types, and their different phases, since, compared to other methodologies, XP was the that gave more results in less time, which allowed us to have a faster development. The objective of the research is to implement a multiplatform system oriented to expert telemedicine. It has been possible to develop a basic demonstration of the system that would be the video calls, one of the most important functions of the entire system, and its operation has been effective as has been demonstrated in the results of this project, in which it was carried out carried out a survey of 50 questions and 95% agreed with the multiplatform system, since it would be of great help for several people.
Feature based analysis of endometriosis using machine learning
Authors: Sankaravadivel Visalaxi , Thalavaipillai Sudalaimuthu , Rajeswar Surya , Ramlingam Pon
Published: December 2022

Machine learning is a cutting-edge technology used for predicting and diagnosing various diseases. Various machine learning algorithm facilitates the prediction. The decision tree belongs to learning algorithm that performs both classification and prediction. The decision tree constructs the tree-like to evaluate the best features. The decision tree performs well in the prediction of various diseases. Endometriosis is a recurrence disease that creates an emotional impact in women. Endometriosis is a lump-like structure that appears at several locations in reproductive organs of women. The diagnosis of endometriosis was predicted through scanning procedures and laparoscopic procedures. The symptoms identified from laparoscopic surgery were used as the features for predicting the severity of endometriosis. The symptoms include mass-like structure, tissue size, variation in tissue colour, and blockages in fallopian tubes. The decision tree analyze the features of endometriosis by using two criteria such as entropy and Gini index. The entropy and Gini index construct the tree by identifying the size of tissue as major influencing attributes. The Gini index outperforms well with training accuracy of 84.08% and test accuracy of 84.85.
Sentiment analysis of Malayalam tweets using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers: a study
Authors: Mohan Elankath Syam , Ramamirtham Sunitha
Published: December 2022

Sentiment analysis on views and opinions expressed in Indian regional languages has become the current focus of research. But, compared to a globally accepted language like English, research on sentiment analysis in Indian regional languages like Malayalam are very low. One of the major hindrances is the lack of publicly available Malayalam datasets. This work focuses on building a Malayalam dataset for facilitating sentiment analysis on Malayalam texts and studying the efficiency of a pre-trained deep learning model in analyzing the sentiments latent in Malayalam texts. In this work, a Malayalam dataset has been created by extracting 2,000 tweets from Twitter. The bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a pretrained model that has been used for various natural language processing tasks. This work employs a transformer-based BERT model for Malayalam sentiment analysis. The efficacy of BERT in analyzing the sentiments latent in Malayalam texts has been studied by comparing the performance of BERT with various machine learning models as well as deep learning models. By analyzing the results, it is found that a substantial increase in accuracy of 5% for BERT when compared with that of Bi-GRU, which is the next bestperforming model.
Incidence and Outcomes of Advanced Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Miranda William R. , Jain C. Charles , Bonnichsen Crystal R. , Anderson Jason H. , Dearani Joseph A. , Warnes Carole A. , Crestanello Juan , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: December 2022

Background:

There are limited data about the stage D heart failure (advanced HF) in adults with congenital heart disease. Our study objectives were (1) to determine the incidence of new-onset advanced HF in patients and the relationship between advanced HF and all-cause mortality and (2) to determine the relationship between therapies for advanced HF and all-cause mortality.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of adults with congenital heart disease at Mayo Clinic (2003–2019). We defined advanced HF using the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria for advanced HF. Therapies received by the patients with advanced HF were classified into 3 mutually exclusive groups (treatment pathways): (1) conventional cardiac intervention, (2) transplant listing, and (3) palliative care.

Results:

Of 5309 patients without advanced HF at baseline assessment, 432 (8%) developed advanced HF during follow-up (1.1%/y), and the incidence of advanced HF was higher in patients with severe or complex congenital heart disease. Onset of advanced HF was associated with 6-fold increase in the risk of mortality. Conventional cardiac intervention was associated with significantly higher risk of mortality as compared to transplant listing. The longer the interval from the initial onset of advanced HF to transplant evaluation, the lower the odds of being listed for transplant.

Conclusions:

Based on these data, we postulate that early identification of patients with advanced HF, and a timely referral for transplant evaluation (instead of conventional cardiac intervention) may offer the best chance of survival for these critically ill patients. Further studies are required to validate this postulation.
Transnational Engagement in Education by the Kenyan Diaspora in the United States
Authors: Mule Lucy , Ngundi James
Published: December 2022

The Kenyan diaspora’s involvement in development has increasingly become an object of research and government policy. This paper explores the ways that members of the contemporary Kenyan diaspora in the United States participate in education-related activities ‘back home’, emphasising their motivation as well as barriers to and facilitators of their engagement. Findings from this mixed-method study of Kenyans living in the United States suggest that participants’ transnational activities related to education are diverse and directed towards individuals known to them and a wide range of institutions. Additionally, their engagement is mediated by personal circumstances, beliefs about the transformative power of education, and trust in existing structures. Furthermore, study participants are interested in increasing their level of educational engagement despite persistent institutional and structural barriers. The paper suggests measures that could enhance diaspora engagement in education in Kenya.
Role of Ocean Initialization in Skillful Prediction of Sahel Rainfall on the Decadal Time Scale
Authors: He Yujun , Wang Bin , Li Lijuan , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Yong , Li Feifei
Published: December 2022

Sahel summer rainfall has undergone persistent drought from the 1970s to 1980s, causing severe human life and economic losses. Many studies pointed out that the decadal variations of Sahel rainfall are mainly modulated by low-frequency sea surface temperature (SST) variations in different ocean basins. However, how this modulation contributes to the decadal prediction skill of Sahel rainfall remains unknown. This study provided an affirmative response using the decadal hindcasts initialized by a dimensional-reduced projection four-dimensional variational (DRP-4DVar) data assimilation method to incorporate only ocean analysis data into the gridpoint version 2 of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model (FGOALS-g2). The hindcasts reveal the benefits of the DRP-4DVar approach for improving the Sahel rainfall decadal prediction skill measured by the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), root-mean-square error, ACC difference, and mean square skill score. The decadal variations of SSTs in the Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific as well as correct representations of the associated Sahel rainfall–SST relationships are well predicted, thus leading to skillful predictions of Sahel rainfall. In particular, the initialization of SSTs in the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea plays a more important role in skillful Sahel rainfall predictions than in the other basins. The prediction skill of Sahel rainfall by the FGOALS-g2 prediction system is significantly higher than those by most phase 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5&6) prediction systems initialized only with ocean analysis data. This result is likely attributed to a more accurate relationship between Sahel rainfall and SST by the FGOALS-g2 prediction system than by the CMIP5&6 prediction systems.

Significance Statement

Previous studies have shown limited success in predicting Sahel rainfall. By using an advanced coupled data assimilation method constrained only by ocean observational data, we achieve a high decadal prediction skill for Sahel rainfall. The successful prediction is attributed to accurately predicted decadal variations of sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific as well as their relationships with Sahel rainfall. Our results can provide references for future decadal predictions of Sahel rainfall and motivate the need to evaluate the contributions of the initialization of the ocean versus the other climate components (e.g., atmosphere or land) to Sahel rainfall predictions.
In Situ Time-Dependent Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy of a Powdered Specimen in a Controlled Atmosphere: Monitoring Sorption and Desorption of Water Vapor
Authors: Samokhvalov Alexander , McCombs Stanley
Published: December 2022

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy is a powerful instrumental method of chemical analysis of solids and liquids. The majority of published studies by in situ ATR FT-IR spectroscopy describe analysis of homogeneous samples, such as liquid solutions under circulation, or films on the ATR crystal that react with the gas of interest. The in situ ATR FT-IR spectroscopic studies of specimens in physical shape of crystals or powder that react with a gas or vapor are rare. This work describes a modification of in situ time-dependent ATR FT-IR spectroscopy to allow monitoring heterogeneous reaction “solid-gas” of powder in controlled atmosphere and in the time domain. Also, we describe a new facile gas flow chamber attachment to ATR FT-IR spectrometer which allows creating controlled atmosphere surrounding the specimen on the ATR crystal. Additionally, the capabilities of the described in situ time-dependent ATR FT-IR spectroscopy experiment in controlled atmosphere are enhanced by the sensor for in situ time-dependent monitoring the relative humidity (RH) of air surrounding the specimen. The operation of the setup for in situ time-dependent ATR FT-IR spectroscopy in controlled atmosphere is demonstrated by monitoring reaction of gradual desorption of water vapor from color-indicating molecular sieves under controlled low air humidity. Further, the described spectroscopic method and apparatus is applied to monitor the reverse process, namely sorption of water vapor by color-indicating molecular sieves under controlled elevated air humidity. Water molecules are found to reversibly interact with two distinct sorption sites in the sorbent: the Si–O backbone and the color-indicating Co(II) centers. The reported variant of in situ time-dependent ATR FT-IR spectroscopy in controlled atmosphere is powerful, yet facile and straightforward. It is promising for mechanistic, in situ studies of sorption, desorption, chemosensing, heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, and analysis of chemical kinetics of various “solid-gas” reactions.
A syntactic dependency method for aspect-level sentiment classification by deep learning
Authors: Chen Siyi , Du Xinhao , Zhao Ji , Huang Huixian , Chen Xiaolong
Published: December 2022

Most aspect-level sentiment classification networks include the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, coupled with attention mechanism and memory module, is becoming widely applied in aspect-level sentiment classification. Although it has achieved good results, it cannot extract the global and local information of the context at the same time, and it is only based on the semantic relatedness between an aspect and its corresponding context words to model, while neglecting their syntactic dependencies. This paper proposes the aspect-level sentiment classification by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and proximity-weighted convolution network (PWCN), as well as a new method to calculate the proximity weight. To obtain contextualized word vectors, corpora has been trained by the model of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), which can be taken as text features. The CNN is able to extract sequence features from the text and to take the sequence information from the text into account. In addition, the PWCN can consider the syntactic dependencies inside the sentences. The BERT model also has the ability to model complex features of words, such as their syntactic and semantic changes in a linguistic context. Experiments conducted on the SemEval 2014 benchmark demonstrate compared to the well-established ones, the proposed approach had bigger effectiveness.
Attentional Processing of Unpleasant Stimuli in Alexithymia
Authors: Lee Shu-Hui , Lee Kuan-Te
Published: December 2022

Alexithymia is a multi-faceted personality trait defined by difficulties in identifying and describing emotions and is considered a risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders. Current alexithymia research debates the type of attention bias involved in the processing of negative emotional information, especially in anxiety-evoking situations that are frequently associated with stress states. Relatedly, this study aims to examine the role of emotional influence on the attentional processing of Taiwanese alexithymic individuals. Using the Chinese version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), individuals with high alexithymia (HA: TAS > 60, n = 26; Mage = 23.36) and individuals with low alexithymia (LA: TAS < 39, n = 26; Mage = 25.76) were recruited. Participants performed an emotional counting Stroop task preceded by anxiety-evoking (threatening and aversive pictures) or neutral pictures. Reaction times (RTs) of the emotional Stroop task were compared between HA and LA groups. Our results demonstrate that compared to individuals with LA, individuals with HA show early avoidance tendency (i.e., allocate less attentional resources to anxiety-evoking stimuli), and that negative affect therefore does not interfere with subsequent attention processing during the Stroop task, resulting in faster RT for unpleasant stimuli ( Mthreatening = 683.87, Maversive = 685.87) than neutral stimuli ( Mneutral = 695.64) ( ps < .05). In addition, the attentional bias toward specific types of negative emotion was not differentiated in individuals with HA ( p < .05), suggesting that alexithymic individuals’ emotion schemas may be underdeveloped in terms of ability to specify exact emotions. This study provides evidence regarding early sensitization to negative stimuli during information processing, consistent with the notion that alexithymia is related to avoidant emotion regulation processes.
Osteochondral Allografts for Large Oval Defects of the Medial Femoral Condyle: A Comparison of Single Lateral Versus Medial Femoral Condyle Oval Grafts Versus 2 Overlapping Circular Grafts
Authors: Mologne Timothy S. , Bugbee William D. , Kaushal Shankar , Locke Conor S. , Goulet Robert W. , Casden Michael , Grant John A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Studies have demonstrated the acceptability of using a contralateral nonorthotopic lateral femoral condyle (LFC) graft for a circular medial femoral condyle (MFC) osteochondral defect up to 20 to 25 mm in diameter. Larger oblong defects can now be managed using either overlapping circle grafts or a single oblong-shaped osteochondral allograft (OCA).

Purpose:

To determine if an oblong contralateral nonorthotopic LFC OCA can attain an acceptable surface contour match compared with an oblong ipsilateral MFC OCA or an overlapping circle technique for large oblong defects of the MFC.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 120 fresh-frozen human femoral condyles were matched by tibial width into 30 groups of 4 condyles (1 recipient MFC, 3 donor condyles). The recipient MFC was initially imaged using nano–computed tomography (nano-CT). A 17 × 36–mm oblong defect was created in the recipient MFC. Overall, 3 donor groups were formed: MFC oblong, LFC nonorthotopic oblong, LFC or MFC overlapping circles. After each transplant, the recipient condyle underwent nano-CT and was digitally reconstructed, which was superimposed on the initial nano-CT scan of the native recipient condyle. Dragonfly 3D software was used to determine the root mean square (RMS) of both the surface height deviation and the circumferential step-off height deviation between the native and donor cartilage surfaces for each graft.

Results:

RMS surface height deviations were as follows: 0.59 mm for MFC oblong grafts, 0.58 mm for LFC oblong grafts, and 0.78 mm for overlapping circle grafts. The MFC and LFC oblong grafts had significantly less surface height deviation than the overlapping circle grafts ( P = .004 and P = .002, respectively). RMS step-off height deviations were as follows: 0.68 mm for MFC oblong grafts, 0.70 mm for LFC oblong grafts, and 0.85 mm for overlapping circle grafts. The MFC and LFC oblong grafts had significantly less step-off height deviation than the overlapping circle grafts ( P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). The majority of this difference was on the medial segment of the overlapping circle grafts.

Conclusion:

Oblong ipsilateral MFC OCAs and oblong contralateral nonorthotopic LFC OCAs produced a significantly better surface contour match to the native MFC than overlapping circle grafts for oblong defects 17 × 36 mm in size.

Clinical Relevance:

Size-matched contralateral nonorthotopic LFC grafts are acceptable for MFC defects, which may allow for a quicker match, earlier patient care, and less wastage of valuable donor tissue.
Fire retardant polyethylene terephthalate containing 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol-substituted cyclotriphosphazene microspheres
Authors: Sun Haijian , Zhu Yuanzhao , Xu Hong , Zhong Yi , Zhang Linping , Ma Yimeng , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia , Feng Xueling , Mao Zhiping
Published: December 2022

Polyphosphazene derivatives are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendly character and high content of flame-retardant components. Herein, a polyphosphazene derivative (PZAF) microsphere was successfully synthesized utilizing an in-situ template approach, which was then employed as an additive flame retardant in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve the fire safety. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PZAF promoted the pyrolysis of PET in advance to generate a stable char layer that protects the matrix from heat, consequently increasing char residues. With addition of 10 wt% PZAF, the PET nanocomposites obtained a V-0 grade in vertical combustion test and its LOI value increased from 24.2 vol% to 32.1 vol%. Moreover, the peak heat release and carbon monoxide production decreased by 46.6% and 50.6%, respectively. This was because the phosphonic acid fragments and pyridine ring compounds produced by the PZAF pyrolysis encouraged the development of a robust char layer. Meanwhile, the •PO radicals generated by the pyrolysis of PZAF could capture free radicals in the gas phase, ultimately ending the chain reaction of combustion. Also, mechanical properties of the PET nanocomposites were noticeably enhanced by the addition of 3 or 5 wt% PZAF.
Rectilinear strain sensing framework for real time compensation of structural distortions in precision machinery
Authors: Fletcher Simon , Chuku Difference , Furness Tom , Focareta Alessia , Longstaff Andrew
Published: December 2022

Precision machinery such as machine tools use heavy duty structural elements to provide high accuracy and repeatability. However, external forces and thermal effects can still cause significant errors. Machine builders put significant emphasis on good design for error avoidance and more recently, utilise software-based error compensation methods to further improve performance. For geometric errors which result from build tolerances, and which normally only vary slowly over time, most Numerical Control systems provide functionality for pre-calibrated error compensation. For compensation of thermal errors, temperature sensors are often used to provide data for a model which calculates the effect of the temperature field on the machine structure. Although this method is widely researched, there is often significant residual error due the time-variant non-linear relationship between temperature and the error between the tool and workpiece. This may be exacerbated by introducing multi-material structural elements to reduce weight. Direct measurement and combining temperature with direct measurement can enable more precise modelling but can add significant cost of additional sensors. In this research a direct measurement method is applied using a series of short-range, ultra-low-cost displacement sensors, exploiting a particular arrangement of compact slotted photo-microsensors. These are organised in a novel rectilinear framework to enable detection of the bending of a machine tool structure. The design provides high resolution measurement of strain over arbitrary lengths and cost-effective hardware for permanently embedding on a machine. The system was applied to the ram of a high precision 3-axis machine tool and used to compensate the thermal error caused by running the integrated high-speed spindle. The residual error was reduced from 10 to 4 µm, even reducing the magnitude of the effect of the chiller cycles.
Formability limits by local buckling in thin-walled tubes
Authors: Magrinho João P , Silva M Beatriz , Centeno Gabriel , Martins Paulo AF
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a new methodology to determine the formability limits by local buckling in thin-walled metal tubes that is an extension of a method that was earlier developed by the authors to characterize wrinkling in metal sheets. The method consists of subjecting a set of rings with different lengths extracted from the tubes to axial compression and combining experimental measurements with finite element modeling to determine the critical in-plane surface strains at the onset of buckling. Digital image correlation is used to track the experimental evolution of the in-plane strains with the normalized height of the plastic hinges and to validate the finite element model for subsequent utilization in the determination of the critical strains at the onset of buckling. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to obtain, for the first time ever, the formability limits by local buckling of thin-walled tubes in both principal strain and effective strain versus stress triaxiality spaces.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the care of people living with HIV and cancer at an oncologic center in Mexico
Authors: Volkow Patricia , Lárraga-Mancilla Victor , Mendoza Maria Jose , Cornejo-Juárez Patricia , Islas-Muñoz Beda , Pérez-Jiménez Carolina , Alatorre-Fernández Pamela , Martin-Onraet Alexandra
Published: December 2022

Background

People living with HIV(PLWH) and cancer are among the most vulnerable patients and require constant access to medical services. We compared the characteristics of PLWH and cancer in Mexico, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Patients admitted 1 year before (pre-pandemic) and 1 year after the start of the pandemic (pandemic) were included. Clinical characteristics, HIV-related variables, and 90-day mortality were compared. Data are described a proportions (N,%) and central tendency measures. A multiple regression model for variables associated with 90-day mortality was performed.

Results

Seventy-nine patients were seen in the pre-pandemic period; 92 during the pandemic. Main diagnoses were Kaposi Sarcoma and lymphoma. CD4+ cell count at diagnosis was lower during the pandemic: 81 cells/mm3 vs. 128 cells/mm3, p = .035. CD4+<100 cells/mm3 at first consultation increased from 41% to 58% during the pandemic ( p = .041). Only BMI <20 kg/m2 was associated to death (aOR 8.27, 95%CI 1.74-39.25) ( p = .008). The pandemic period was not associated with a higher 90-day mortality.

Conclusions

PLWH and cancer presented to care with advanced disease overall. This was more pronounced during the pandemic period. Mortality was associated with AIDS-related variables regardless of study period. This underscores the need for strategies to maintain in-person access to health-care services for PLWH.
Model reference input shaped neuro-adaptive sliding mode control of gantry crane
Authors: Albalta Mohammed , Yalçın Yaprak
Published: December 2022

This article proposes a hybrid control strategy that integrates the merits of both zero-vibration double derivative input shaping control and neuro-adaptive sliding mode control. The approximation ability of the radial basis function neural network is utilized to estimate the unknown dynamics of the gantry crane system. The input shaping control is used to shape the trolley position, velocity, and acceleration references. These reference trajectories are generated as the state trajectories of a closed-loop system obtained by controlling a nominal system model with a sliding mode control constructed based on the nominal model. The shaped trajectories are sent to the proposed neuro-adaptive sliding mode control as references to be tracked. In comparison with the conventional sliding mode control, the proposed control has higher tracking accuracy and robustness to external disturbances, and effectively reduces the sway angle without suffering from the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, the proposed control has a very high insensitivity to parameter uncertainties. The adaptation mechanisms of the radial basis function neural networks are established based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through some numerical simulations.
State estimation problem for fractional-order neural networks using event-triggered state observers
Authors: Tri Vo Viet , Huong Dinh Cong , Diep Pham Nu Ngoc
Published: December 2022

This article considers the state estimation problem for fractional-order neural networks subject to external disturbances using event-triggered state observers. For the first time, a novel method based on a discrete-time event-triggered mechanism and a nonlinear fractional-order state observer is obtained. A new discrete-time event-triggered mechanism is first proposed. Then a new nonlinear fractional-order state observer based on the newly discrete-time event-triggered mechanism is designed to estimate state vectors of the fractional-order neural networks robustly. The discrete-time event-triggered mechanism is Zeno-free, and it helps reduce unnecessary continuous signal transmission. A fractional-order-dependent condition to guarantee the existence of the discrete-time event-triggered nonlinear fractional-order state observer is established. This condition is translated into a convex optimization problem, which can be solved easily by MATLAB. The solution to this problem minimizes the attenuation levels and thus reduces the error in estimating the state vector of the fractional-order neural networks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by two numerical examples and simulation results.
Modeling Holocene coastal ecosystem availability and site distribution patterns for Borikén, Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez-Delgado Eric , Rodríguez-Miranda Marisol , Rivera-Collazo Isabel
Published: December 2022

Coasts are dynamic environments prone to the physical and social impacts of climate change. Examining the archaeological and environmental records of coastal areas can deepen our understanding of how humans respond to changing environmental conditions. In this article we consider how sea-level rise impacted coastal environments through time, and how these changes could pose opportunities or challenges to local indigenous populations. We present new findings of coastal zone transformations and past settlement patterns for Borikén, the largest island of the Puerto Rican archipelago, during the Holocene. We use paleogeographic modeling to reconstruct ecosystem availability for six discernible coastlines at 1000-year resolutions that accounts for past relative sea-level (RSL) heights and paleotidal ranges. We then compared ecosystem availability trends with the spatiotemporal distributions of available archaeological data to demonstrate the localized impacts of climate-related RSL rise across the island’s coastal ecosystems and suggest a consideration of habitat availability in past decision-making strategies. We observe a strong presence of Archaic Period sites in the island’s southwest coast where high coastal ecosystem availability and stability were present during this period. We also observe a significant expansion of intertidal ecosystems beginning at 3 kya for the north-central, north-eastern, south-central, and south-eastern coastlines that correspond to the appearance of materials associated with Early and Late Ceramic Periods cultures in these areas. This comparison of differential coastal transformations and site distributions conveys a deeper understanding of factors involved in past decision-making strategies and contributes to the emerging picture of human adaptations amidst changing environmental conditions.
Cleft Palate Repair Postoperative Management: Current Practices in the United States
Authors: Sitzman Thomas J. , Verhey Erik M. , Kirschner Richard E. , Pollard Sarah Hatch , Baylis Adriane L. , Chapman Kathy L. ,   on behalf of the Cleft Outcomes Research NETwork (CORNET) Consortium
Published: December 2022

Objective

To describe current postoperative management practices following cleft palate repair.

Design

A survey was administered to cleft surgeons to collect information on their demographic characteristics, surgical training, surgical practice, and postoperative management preferences.

Setting

Eighteen tertiary referral hospitals across the United States. Participants: Surgeons (n = 67) performing primary cleft palate repair.

Results

Postoperative diet restrictions were imposed by 92% of surgeons; pureed foods were allowed at one week after surgery by 90% of surgeons; a regular diet was allowed at one month by 80% of surgeons. Elbow immobilizers and/or mittens were used by 85% of surgeons, for a median duration of two weeks. There was significant disagreement about postoperative use of bottles (61% allow), sippy cups (68% allow), pacifiers (29% allow), and antibiotics (45% prescribe). Surgeon specialty was not associated with any aspect of postoperative management ( p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Surgeon years in practice, a measure of surgeon experience, was associated only with sippy cup use ( p < 0.01). The hospital at which the surgeon practiced was associated with diet restrictions ( p < 0.01), bottle use ( p < 0.01), and use of elbow immobilizers or mittens ( p < 0.01); however, many hospitals still had disagreement among their surgeons.

Conclusions

Surgeons broadly agree on diet restrictions and the use of elbow immobilizers or mittens following palate repair. Almost all other aspects of postoperative management, including the type and duration of diet restriction as well as the duration of immobilizer use, are highly individualized.