bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing inequities in maternal and child health in rural Guatemala through the CBIO+ Approach of Curamericas: 3. Expansion of population coverage of key interventions
Authors: Blanco Stanley , Valdez Mario , Stollak Ira , Westgate Carey C. , Herrera Andrew , Perry Henry B.
Published: February 2023

Background

This is the third in a series of 10 articles describing the Curamericas/Guatemala Maternal and Child Health Project, 2011–2015, and its effectiveness in improving the health and well-being of 15,327 children younger than 5 years of age and 32,330 women of reproductive age in the Department of Huehuetenango in180 communities that make up the municipalities of San Sebastian Coatán, Santa Eulalia, and San Miguel Acatán. The Project combined the Census-Based, Impact-Oriented (CBIO) Approach with the Care Group Approach and the  Community Birthing Center (Casa Materna Rural) Approach. This combined approach we refer to as CBIO+. The Project trained women volunteers every two weeks (in Care Groups) to provide health education to neighboring households. Messages focused on the promotion of maternal and newborn health, nutrition, prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea in children, and immunizations.

Methods

Household knowledge, practice and coverage (KPC) surveys were executed at baseline in January 2011 and at endline in June 2015 to measure changes in levels of knowledge of danger signs, key household practices (such as Essential Newborn Care and handwashing), and health service utilization (such as antenatal care and care seeking for a child with signs of pneumonia) in two separate Project Areas (Area A with 41 months and Area B with 20 months of full intervention implementation).

Results

For the 24 indicators of the interventions under the Project’s control, statistically significant improvements were observed for 21 in Area A and 19 in Area B. However, for some of the interventions that required support from the government's Extension of Coverage Program (immunization, family planning, and vitamin A administration) no improvements were noted because of the cessation of the program by the government after Project implementation began. In both Areas A and B one-half of the indicators improved by at least two-fold.

Conclusion

This community-based Project has been effective in quickly achieving marked improvements in indicators for interventions that are important for the health of mothers and children. These achievements are notable in view of the challenging context in which the Project was implemented.
Reducing inequities in maternal and child health in rural Guatemala through the CBIO+ Approach of Curamericas: 4. Nutrition-related activities and changes in childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight
Authors: Perry Henry B. , Stollak Ira , Llanque Ramiro , Blanco Stanley , Jordan-Bell Elizabeth , Shindhelm Alexis , Westgate Carey C. , Herrera Andrew , Valdez Mario
Published: February 2023

Background

This is the fourth paper in our supplement on improving the health and well-being ﻿of rural indigenous Maya mothers and children in the Western Highlands of Guatemala, where the prevalence of stunting is the highest in Latin America and among the highest in the world. Reducing childhood undernutrition was one of the objectives of the Maternal and Child Health Project, 2011–2015, implemented by Curamericas/Guatemala. The implementation research portion of the Project attempted to determine if there were greater improvements in childhood nutritional status in the Project Area than in comparison areas and whether or not a dose–response effect was present in terms of a greater improvement in the Project Area with a longer duration of interventions. 

Methods

The Project provided nutrition-related messages to mothers of young children, cooking sessions using locally available nutritious foods, a lipid-based nutrient supplement (Nutributter®) for a short period of time (4 months)﻿, anti-helminthic medication, and repeated growth monitoring and nutrition counseling. Measures of height and weight for calculating the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting in under-2 children were analyzed and compared with the anthropometric data for children in the rural areas of the Northwestern Region and in the Western Highlands of Guatemala.

Results

The prevalence of stunting declined in Area A from 74.5% in September 2012 to 39.5% in June 2015. Area A comprised approximately one-half of the Project Area and was the geographic area with the greatest intensity and duration of nutrition-related Project interventions. Minimal improvements in stunting were observed in the Northwestern Region, which served as a comparison area. Improvements in multiple output and outcome indicators associated with nutritional status were also observed in Areas A and B: infant and young child feeding practices, routine growth monitoring and counseling, and household practices for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea.

Conclusion

The Project Area in which Curamericas/Guatemala implemented the CBIO+ Approach experienced a reduction in the prevalence of stunting and other measures of undernutrition in under-2 children. Given the burden of undernutrition in Guatemala and other parts of the world, this approach merits broader application and further evaluation.
Reducing inequities in maternal and child health in rural Guatemala through the CBIO+ Approach of Curamericas: 7. The empowering effect of Care Groups
Authors: Gregg Corey , Valdez Mario , Stollak Ira , Martin Shayanne , Story William T. , Perry Henry B.
Published: February 2023

Background

While there is extensive published evidence regarding the effectiveness of the Care Group Approach in promoting community-wide health behavior change, there is no published evidence regarding its empowering effect on its participants. Our study aimed to understand if the Care Group Approach as applied in the Curamericas/Guatemala Maternal and Child Health Project in isolated rural mountainous communities in Guatemala produced evidence of empowerment among the female participants. This is the seventh of 10 papers describing the expanded Census-Based, Impact-Oriented (CBIO+) Approach in improving the health and well-being of mothers and children in the rural highlands of the Department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured individual and group interviews with 96 female Care Group participants –including Level-1 Care Group Promoters, Care Group Volunteers, and Self-Help Group participants. The participants were from six communities – two from each of the three municipalities making up the Project Area. Data were analyzed both using deductive thematic and by exploring the following social constructs: perceived social status, self-efficacy, decision-making autonomy, and formation of social capital.

Results

The findings supported the hypothesis that Care Group participation was an empowering process. The primary themes that emerged included increased respect accorded to women in the community, women’s willingness and ability to make decisions and their confidence in making those decisions, and the development of stronger bonds among Care Group members, with other community members, and with community leaders.

Conclusion

Through increased theoretical and practical knowledge about important maternal and child health matters and through the social experience of obtaining this knowledge and sharing it with other community members, participation in the Care Group Approach empowered participants to make positive health behavior changes for themselves and for their children and families. This, in turn, led many participants to become more engaged in community activities for improved health and beyond, thereby enhancing social capital in the community. We conclude that the Care Group Approach, as applied in this setting, has made it possible for marginalized indigenous women living in a male-dominated society to become more empowered.
Epigenetics and stroke: role of DNA methylation and effect of aging on blood–brain barrier recovery
Authors: Phillips Chelsea M. , Stamatovic Svetlana M. , Keep Richard F. , Andjelkovic Anuska V.
Published: February 2023

Incomplete recovery of blood–brain barrier (BBB) function contributes to stroke outcomes. How the BBB recovers after stroke remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic factors play a significant role in regulating post-stroke BBB recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of cerebral microvessels after thromboembolic (TE) stroke to define potential causes of limited BBB recovery. RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analyses were performed using microvessels isolated from young (6 months) and old (18 months) mice seven days poststroke compared to age-matched sham controls. DNA methylation profiling of poststroke brain microvessels revealed 11,287 differentially methylated regions (DMR) in old and 9818 DMR in young mice, corresponding to annotated genes. These DMR were enriched in genes encoding cell structural proteins (e.g., cell junction, and cell polarity, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix), transporters and channels (e.g., potassium transmembrane transporter, organic anion and inorganic cation transporters, calcium ion transport), and proteins involved in endothelial cell processes (e.g., angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, cell signaling and transcription regulation). Integrated analysis of methylation and RNA sequencing identified changes in cell junctions (occludin), actin remodeling (ezrin) as well as signaling pathways like Rho GTPase (RhoA and Cdc42ep4). Aging as a hub of aberrant methylation affected BBB recovery processes by profound alterations (hypermethylation and repression) in structural protein expression (e.g., claudin-5) as well as activation of a set of genes involved in endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (e.g., Sox9, Snai1), repression of angiogenesis and epigenetic regulation. These findings revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating BBB repair after stroke, through regulating processes associated with BBB restoration and prevalently with processes enhancing BBB injury.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma: a case report
Authors: Kurotaki Takuma , Okada Naoya , Sakurai Yasuo , Yamabuki Takumi , Takada Minoru , Kato Kentaro , Yokoyama Takeshi , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kashimura Nobuichi
Published: February 2023

Background

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is defined as bleeding in the retroperitoneal space without any triggers such as trauma, invasive procedures, and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Case presentation

A 48-year-old Japanese man who experienced sudden abdominal pain, severe hypotension, and decreased hemoglobin was diagnosed with spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed massive left retroperitoneal hematoma; however, neither extravasation nor causative aneurysm was noted. Through conservative management with close monitoring, he was treated and discharged on the tenth hospital day without any morbidity.

Conclusions

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma treatment comprises conservative management, transcatheter arterial embolization, and surgical intervention. The mortality rate of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is so high that the optimal treatment timing needs to be carefully judged on the basis of detailed evaluation, and management algorithm with clear criteria.
The feasibility and safety of eustachian tube dilation with a standard endovascular balloon: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Dahm Valerie , Lui Justin T. , Jung Soyeon , Lin Vincent Y. , Chen Joseph M. , Le Trung N.
Published: February 2023

Background

Obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction is a common pathology, generally accepted as the underlying cause for chronic ear diseases. Eustachian tube dilation has shown promising results in randomized controlled trials, but is a costly procedure. The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of transnasal balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube with an endovascular balloon in the context of ease of use, maneuverability, and safety.

Methods

Clinical pilot study carried out at a university tertiary care facility. In total, twelve patients, were included over a period of 6 months. All patients underwent tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy surgeries. Eustachian tube dilation was carried out transnasal using an endovascular balloon. A computed tomography was carried out after surgery to assess for any potential damages and compared to preoperative imaging studies. Postoperative endoscopy was performed intraoperatively and at follow up to assess for any potential damages.

Results

All eustachian tube dilations were carried out successfully. No severe adverse events were noted during the procedure, in the postoperative period, or on imaging studies. Minor adverse events such as mild intraoperative bleeding was managed in a routine fashion.

Conclusions

Balloon dilation of the eustachian tube with the endovascular balloon was feasible and safe in all cases. It is likely a more cost-effective alternative to commercially available balloons with similar designs and specifications. Trial registration The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04809753, initial release February 24th, 2021.

Graphical Abstract
New microbiological insights from the Bowland shale highlight heterogeneity of the hydraulically fractured shale microbiome
Authors: Hernandez-Becerra Natali , Cliffe Lisa , Xiu Wei , Boothman Christopher , Lloyd Jonathan R. , Nixon Sophie L.
Published: February 2023

Background

Hydraulically fractured shales offer a window into the deep biosphere, where hydraulic fracturing creates new microbial ecosystems kilometers beneath the surface of the Earth. Studying the microbial communities from flowback fluids that are assumed to inhabit these environments provides insights into their ecophysiology, and in particular their ability to survive in these extreme environments as well as their influence on site operation e.g. via problematic biofouling processes and/or biocorrosion. Over the past decade, research on fractured shale microbiology has focused on wells in North America, with a few additional reported studies conducted in China. To extend the knowledge in this area, we characterized the geochemistry and microbial ecology of two exploratory shale gas wells in the Bowland Shale, UK. We then employed a meta-analysis approach to compare geochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from our study site with previously published research from geographically distinct formations spanning China, Canada and the USA.

Results

Our findings revealed that fluids recovered from exploratory wells in the Bowland are characterized by moderate salinity and high microbial diversity. The microbial community was dominated by lineages known to degrade hydrocarbons, including members of Shewanellaceae, Marinobacteraceae, Halomonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. Moreover, UK fractured shale communities lacked the usually dominant Halanaerobium lineages. From our meta-analysis, we infer that chloride concentrations play a dominant role in controlling microbial community composition. Spatio-temporal trends were also apparent, with different shale formations giving rise to communities of distinct diversity and composition.

Conclusions

These findings highlight an unexpected level of compositional heterogeneity across fractured shale formations, which is not only relevant to inform management practices but also provides insight into the ability of diverse microbial consortia to tolerate the extreme conditions characteristic of the engineered deep subsurface.
The effect of pre-event instructions on eyewitness identification
Authors: Baldassari Mario J. , Moore Kara N. , Hyman Ira E. , Hope Lorraine , Mah Eric Y. , Lindsay D. Stephen , Mansour Jamal , Saraiva Renan , Horry Ruth , Rath Hannah , Kelly Lauren , Jones Rosie , Vale Shannan , Lawson Bethany , Pedretti Josh , Palma Tomás A. , Cruz Francisco , Quarenta Joana , Van der Cruyssen Ine , Mileva Mila , Allen Jessica , Jeye Brittany , Wiechert Sera
Published: February 2023

Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants about the nature of the event or tasks. At odds with the experience of actual witnesses, some studies use pre-event instructions explicitly warning participants of the upcoming crime and lineup task. Both the basic and applied literature provide reason to believe that pre-event instructions may affect eyewitness identification performance. In the current experiment, we tested the impact of pre-event instructions on lineup identification decisions and confidence. Participants received non-specific pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this video”) or eyewitness pre-event instructions (i.e., “watch this crime video, you’ll complete a lineup later”) and completed a culprit-absent or -present lineup. We found no support for the hypothesis that participants who receive eyewitness pre-event instructions have higher discriminability than participants who receive non-specific pre-event instructions. Additionally, confidence-accuracy calibration was not significantly different between conditions. However, participants in the eyewitness condition were more likely to see the event as a crime and to make an identification than participants in the non-specific condition. Implications for conducting and interpreting eyewitness identification research and the basic research on instructions and attention are discussed.
Measurement properties of PROMIS short forms for pain and function in patients receiving knee arthroplasty
Authors: Stephan Anika , Stadelmann Vincent A. , Preiss Stefan , Impellizzeri Franco M.
Published: February 2023

Background

While there are a few studies on measurement properties of PROMIS short forms for pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, nothing is known about the measurement properties in patients with knee arthroplasty. Therefore, this study examined the measurement properties of the German Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms for pain intensity (PAIN), pain interference (PI) and physical function (PF) in knee arthroplasty patients.

Methods

Short forms were collected from consecutive patients of our clinic's knee arthroplasty registry before and 12 months post-surgery. Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was the reference measure. A subsample completed the short forms twice to test reliability. Construct validity and responsiveness were assessed using scale-specific hypothesis testing. For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, and agreement using standard error of measurement (SEMagr) were used. Agreement was used to determine standardised effect sizes and smallest detectable changes (SDC90). Individual-level minimal important change (MIC) was calculated using a method of adjusted prediction.

Results

Of 213 eligible patients, 155 received questionnaires, 143 returned baseline questionnaires and 119, 12-month questionnaires. Correlations of short forms with OKS were large (│r│ ≥ 0.7) with slightly lower values for PAIN, and specifically for men. Cronbach’s alpha values were ≥ 0.84 and intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.90. SEMagrwere around 3.5 for PAIN and PI and 1.7 for PF. SDC90 were around 8 for PAIN and PI and 4 for PF. Follow-up showed a relevant ceiling effect for PF. Correlations with OKS change scores of around 0.5 to 0.6 were moderate. Adjusted MICs were 7.2 for PAIN, 3.5 for PI and 5.7 for PF.

Conclusion

Our results partly support the use of the investigated short forms for knee arthroplasty patients. The ability of PF to differentiate between patients with high perceived recovery is limited. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages should be strongly considered within the context of the intended use.
Nigerian physiotherapists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of digital physical therapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Awotidebe Taofeek Oluwole , Fasakin Olufesola Motunrayo , Oyewole Olufemi Oyeleye , Bello Usman Eniola , Ademoyegun Adekola Babatunde , Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim , Mbada Chidozie E. , Odunlade Adekola John , Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
Published: February 2023

Background

The increasing demand for physical therapy services worldwide calls for innovations to be made to meet the challenges of service delivery. However, little is known about the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of digital physical therapy among Nigerian physiotherapists. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the level of KAP of digital physical therapy among physiotherapists in Nigeria.

Methods

This cross-sectional study purposively recruited 150 Nigerian physiotherapists. Copies of modified and validated questionnaires on the KAP of digital physical therapy from a previous study were sent to registered and licensed physiotherapists via electronic survey to assess the KAP of digital physical therapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Alpha level was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean age of the respondents was 29.76 ± 6.95 years. Most participants (81.3%) have a knowledge level above average, while 18.7% have below average. Furthermore, most (76.0%) of the respondents had a positive attitude toward digital physical therapy. In addition, more than two-thirds, 69.3% uses digital physical therapy platforms for physical therapy practice. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were not significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between knowledge, attitude, and practice (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Many Nigerian physiotherapists demonstrated adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice of digital physical therapy. However, knowledge, attitude, and practice of digital physical therapy were not influenced by sociodemographic characteristics.
Mental capacity in practice part 1: how do we really assess capacity?
Authors: Beale Chloe , Lee-Davey James , Lee Tennyson , Ruck Keene Alex
Published: February 2023

Significant problems exist in understanding and implementing the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) despite it having been in place in England and Wales for more than 15 years. Although many guidelines exist on the assessment of capacity, it is difficult to apply such guidance in practice, given the complexity of actual situations. We may know the stages of the test for capacity, but do we really understand what they mean and how to assess them? In this, the first of two articles examining the MCA and challenges in its application, we add to existing legal guidance to explore capacity assessment in detail using a clinical scenario, and use case law and case studies to illustrate the subtleties and difficulties that may arise.
Persuasion through Slanted Language: Evidence from the Media Coverage of Immigration
Authors: Djourelova Milena
Published: February 2023

I study the persuasive effects of slanted language, exploiting a ban on the politically charged term “illegal immigrant” by the Associated Press (AP) news wire. My empirical strategy combines the timing of the ban with variation across media outlets in their baseline reliance on AP copy. I document sizable diffusion of the ban from AP copy to media outlets. Moreover, individuals exposed to the ban through local media show significantly lower support for restrictive immigration policies. This effect is more pronounced for moderates and in locations with fewer immigrants, and does not transfer to views on issues other than immigration. (JEL D72, L82, Z13)
The Helicinidae (Gastropoda) of the Un poco del Chocó Nature Reserve (NW Pichincha province, Ecuador)
Authors: Roosen Marijn
Published: February 2023

In 2019, an extensive survey of the terrestrial gastropods from the Un poco del Chocó Nature Reserve (UPDC) was conducted, in order to assess the gastropod biodiversity and collect some preliminary data on their ecology. During this study, many new and poorly known taxa were found. This paper is the first dedicated to describing the gastropods from UPDC, starting with the Helicinidae. Helicina ecuadoriana K. Miller, 1879 and Bourciera intermedia Roosen & Dorado, 2022 are reported for the first time from UPDC. In addition, the genus Alcadia (Microalcadia) is reported from Ecuador for the first time and one species, Alcadia (Microalcadia) chocoensis sp. nov., is introduced as new to science. Hopefully this paper will enable further research in the gastropods of North-West Ecuador and help in protecting its unique fauna.
Pharmacology and non-pharmacology treatment in a way of well controlled childhood asthma
Authors: Matyja Daria , Abod Leila , Ilnicka Natalia , Sadlik Maria , Zuziak Patrycja
Published: February 2023

Introduction and purpose: Asthma is a chronic disease of air pathways which is characterized by episodic or persistent reversible airflow obstruction with chronic inflammation of respiratory tract and increased bronchial reactivity. Our aim is to broaden patients’ knowledge concerning suitable diet and exercises which can help in controlling asthma symptoms.
Description of the state of knowledge: A diet rich in vegetables and fruit contains a huge amount of fiber and anti-inflammatory flavonoids. introducing plant products into the diet of children with asthma improves parameters such as FEV1, FVC and PEF. Dairy products, on the other hand, are associated with worsening of these parameters and are not recommended for patients with asthma. The aforementioned effects are related to the presence of cow's milk protein and increased activity of interleukin 17. The Western diet being rich in animal fats and low in fiber is not recommended for patients with asthma. This is primarily due to resulting difficulty in maintaining a healthy body weight and the pro-inflammatory properties of animal fats.
Conclusions: In light of the impact of a suitable diet on the reduction of asthma symptoms, it is recommended to increase the share of vegetables and fruit in the daily menu of asthmatics and to limit their consumption of animal fats. In addition, young patients are encouraged to undertake physical activity adapted to their individual abilities.
Dialectic of Fear: Centre-Liberal Media Discourse on Gender, LGBTQIA+ and Abortion in Contemporary Poland
Authors: Krzyżaniak Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

References to fear are often associated with narratives created by right-wing parties and media, especially while talking about issues such as gender, LGBTQIA+ or abortion. However, similar practices can be found in centre-liberal discourse, proving that the creation and reproduction of the dialectic of fear can apply to all agents, no matter their political affiliation. The article aims to challenge popular academic perceptions of the sources of fear by proposing a counterperspective that means to shift perception on agents of polarisation. Used examples focus on contemporary Polish mainstream centre-liberal newspapers which reproduce fear in their narrative, adding to both local and worldwide phenomena of political polarisation and radicalisation.
Kosowska lecznica Apolinarego Tarnawskiego w doniesieniach polskojęzycznych czasopism uzdrowiskowych (XIX/XX w.)
Authors: Bednarz-Grzybek Renata
Published: February 2023

Artykuł prezentuje sylwetkę polskiego higienisty Apolinarego Tarnawskiego (1851–1943) oraz obraz prowadzonego przez niego zakładu przyrodoleczniczego w Kosowie na Pokuciu (1893–1914), prezentowany na łamach polskojęzycznych czasopism uzdrowiskowych na przełomie XIX i XX w., m.in. „Naszych Zdrojów”, „Przeglądu Zdrojowego”, „Przeglądu Zdrojowo-Kąpielowego”, „Przeglądu Zdrojowego i Turystycznego”, „Przeglądu Zdrojowo-Kąpielowego i Turystycznego”, „Przewodnika Kąpielowego”, „Zdroju Ciechocińskiego”, „Kuriera Ciechocińskiego”. Zakład Tarnawskiego uważany był za kresową szkołę higieny, stosowano w nim naturalne i innowacyjne w tym okresie sposoby leczenia: świeże powietrze, ruch i dietę jarską.
„Notatki w sprawie ukraińskiej” Romana Knolla z grudnia 1917 r.
Authors: Bruski Jan Jacek , Korzeniowski Mariusz
Published: February 2023

W artykule prezentowany jest mało znany memoriał z grudnia 1917 r., sporządzony przez czołowego działacza Polskiej Centrali Demokratycznej na Rusi, późniejszego wybitnego dyplomatę, Romana Knolla. Autor przedstawił w nim syntetyczną ocenę wydarzeń rewolucyjnych nad Dnieprem i zarysował program działań odradzającego się państwa polskiego wobec Ukrainy. Myśli zawarte w tym dokumencie, rozwijane przez Knolla w następnym okresie, wywarły istotny wpływ na formułowanie się założeń polityki wschodniej obozu piłsudczykowskiego.
„Pamiętnik Mieczysłowasa Dławidudauskasa organisty z Koźliszek i delegata na konferencję litewską w Wilnie w Septembrze R.P. 1917 spisany 3 XI 1917”
Authors: Gierowska-Kałłaur Joanna
Published: February 2023

Rozpowszechniany w Wilnie w środowisku polskiej inteligencji tekst satyryczny stylizowany na pamiętnik uczestnika Zjazdu Litewskiego, Mieczysłowasa Dławidudauskasa, organisty z Koźliszek, w którym opisana została sytuacja w kontrolowanym przez Niemców Wilnie w trakcie kształtowania podwalin państwowości litewskiej.
El pensamiento de diseño y la evaluación de políticas e intervenciones sociales: hacia un diálogo "realista"
Authors: Parra Juan David , Vieira Camilo
Published: February 2023

Si bien la literatura documenta un interés creciente en las aplicaciones del Pensamiento de Diseño (pdd) en la administración pública en general, existe una brecha en la producción académica sobre su papel en el campo específico de la evaluación de políticas e intervenciones sociales. Este artículo hace un aporte conceptual y metodológico en este último debate. Parte de la reflexión propuesta es de naturaleza meta-teórica, a partir de la cual se identifican puntos en común entre fundamentos epistemológicos del pdd y una escuela de evaluación en particular: la evaluación pragmática. En un segundo momento analítico del texto se examinan algunas limitaciones epistemológicas del pragmatismo (como paradigma de investigación) al momento de fundamentar conclusiones causales en el estudio de fenómenos sociales. Este punto no es trivial, en tanto, el análisis causal es la razón de ser de la evaluación de políticas o programas (públicos). Se propone que es posible enmendar algunos de estos problemas en la evaluación basada en el diseño a partir de la adopción de principios epistemológicos del Realismo Crítico. Las implicaciones metodológicas de estos argumentos son ilustradas con la discusión de dos ejemplos de evaluaciones de programas educativos en Colombia, lideradas por los autores.
Plan estratégico de marketing: el arte de cautivar a través de estrategias que enamoran
Authors: Echeverry Cañas Lina María
Published: February 2023

Entender los retos que tienen las empresas es comprender cómo evolucionan las estrategias de marketing y las transformaciones del mercado. No existen estrategias aisladas sino integradas en un mapa de navegación que se conoce como el plan de marketing. Desde su formulación hasta su ejecución exige de conocimientos precisos y pensamiento estratégico para lograr los resultados esperados en un entorno lleno de incertidumbre. Este texto está dirigido a estudiantes, profesionales, líderes empresariales y emprendedores que han encontrado en el marketing un escenario de oportunidades para el crecimiento de una empresa o el desarrollo asertivo de una iniciativa emprendedora. El lector encontrará en este libro herramientas clave que le permitirán formular estrategias y planes de acción para aplicar en cualquier tipo de negocio.
Spontaneous renal hemorrhage
Authors: Cavaco João Luís , Capinha Francisco , Pires Maria José , Furão Rodrigues Ana , Oliveira Pedro Ana , Pais de Lacerda António
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Spontaneous renal haemorrhage is a rare condition with potentially serious complications. Case description: We describe a 76-year-old woman with a 3-day history of fever and malaise, with no associated trauma. She was admitted to our emergency room with signs of shock. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed an extensive right kidney haematoma. Despite fast surgical management, the patient died less than 24 h after admission. Conclusion: Spontaneous renal haemorrhage should be quickly identified due to its fatal complications. Early diagnosis leads to a better prognosis.
Supervision and restriction of patients at home
Authors: Finch John
Published: February 2023

There are laws laid down in mental health legislation, which permit the detention of patients in hospital under clinical supervision. But there is no legislative provision for patients who are cared for at home in association with district nurses. The law relating to the care of such patients comes from the ordinary common law relating to duties of care and their associated standards, to consent to treatment and to confidentiality and privacy of information. Much of established English law is to be found in court decisions relating to claimants who have been in hospital. The law relating to the supervision of patients who are being cared for at home requires separate examination.

John Finch, a freelance journalist specialising in the law and ethics of healthcare, takes a look at some of the legal aspects of home care and treatment with a particular eye supervision and restrictions which need to be placed on liberty and movement which would not be required in the absence of vulnerability.
Rugged Demands
Authors: Stone Tom
Published: February 2023

Going head-to-head with the new Polestar 3, SUV pioneers at Jeep have joined the rapidly growing list of OEMs to launch a BEV
HIPE Machine
Authors: Heeps Graham
Published: February 2023

The first prototype Ariel Hipercar has hit the road, boasting advanced electric motor technology and a jet microturbine range-extender
Future Fuel
Authors: Eden Paul
Published: February 2023

Josef Kallo's H2FLY is doing pioneering work developing and testing hydrogen powertrains
ITC 2022
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

The International Telemetering Conference returns to Glendale, Arizona at the end of October
Hope on the Horizon
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: February 2023

After a turbulent 2022, we asked the industry what they expect for the coming 12 months and beyond
The Best of Both Worlds
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: February 2023

Southern Manufacturing & Electronics opens next month at the Farnborough International Exhibition Centre in Hampshire
Setting the Standard
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: February 2023

IEC Secretary-General Philippe Metzger has presided over a turbulent time in its history. But despite the many challenges, the global standards agency's role is more relevant than ever, he says.
Certified
Authors: Salvans Christian
Published: February 2023

In the second of a new series on certification best practice, UL Solutions talks about the growing need for automated, digitalized compliance solutions in the field of wireless product testing.
Magic Touch
Authors: Milton Tina
Published: February 2023

Best known as the vibration alert on your smartphone, haptics technology is now so advanced it can simulate raindrops on the tongue. But as the technology grows in complexity, so must the testing methods.
The 5G Up Grade
Authors: Milton Tina
Published: February 2023

As the global adoption of 5G into consumer electronics continues to gather pace, are the testing and certification protocols keeping up with the rollout?
A Sustainable Supply
Authors: Bao Tina , Liao Jing
Published: February 2023

Shifting to a sustainable supply chain can be challenging, but with careful planning consumer electronics makers can make it into a win for their brand, says TÜV Rheinland.
Loud and Clear
Authors: Bellmann Christian
Published: February 2023

When identifying issues with loudspeakers, multi-domain testing is vital because the root cause of a specific phenomenon often lies in separate domains. This is where an all-in-one test solution can simplify the task, says KLIPPEL.
Management of a Polytrauma Case In a Resource-Constrained Hospital
Authors: Adendjingue Daniel Mossalbaye , Chigblo S. Pascal , Goukodadja Oswald , Padonou Adebola , Tidjani Iréti Fiacre , Akue Aristote Hans-Moevi
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The management of polytrauma patient should be beforehand and always in keeping in mind the damage control. the surgical treatment is secondary to the stabilization of the patient. Clinical Case: we are reporting a 34 years old polytrauma patient from a motor vehicle accident. On physical examination, we noted : a severe brain injury, a closed articular fracture of right distal radius associated to a dislocation of distal radius and ulna distal joint, a closed bilateral fracture of both trochanters, an open communitive tibial fracture of proximal epiphysis methaphysis and diaphysis. The last one was classified as type IIIB of Gustilo and Anderson and associated to a closed fracture of the head and the neck of right fibula, a closed fracture of the right lateral malleolus. After patient stabilization, the head injury improves to normal Glasgow score on 8th day of admission. Necrosis of soft tissus and exposition of the tibia was noted. The surgical treatment was done on 2 stages due to financial issues. A bone synthesis of the trochanteric fracture was done only on the left and external frame as well as a muscle flap was done for the right tibial fracture on the 18th day. On the 42nd day a PAPINEAU technic associated to a proximal inter tibiofibular graft was done. The functional outcome of the orthopaedic treatment of the wrist was bad (malunion). That last complication was managed by a SAUVE KAPANDJI surgery (at 6 months) and the contracture (pronation and supination) at 12 months post trauma. The outcome was fair good despite patient financial issue and local complications that compromise an optimal surgical management and a delay. He resumes normal professional activities at about 2 years. At 5 years follow up, functional and anatomical results were satisfactory. Conclusion: In a limited ressources’ setting, the management of lesions including a multiple fractures is a challenge for the practitioner and the injuried patient. A management taking into account social and economic ressources is mandatory to minimise sequelae. Keywords: Management, Polytrauma, Limited ressources.
A Comparative Study Showing Elbow Kinematics in Radial Head Replacement Versus Radial Head Excision Versus Radial Head Fixation
Authors: Yadav Amit , Bansal Sagar , Kambli Mrinal , Mishra Shaswat , Gupta Devenshu
Published: February 2023

Background: Radial head fractures are quite common with incidence 1.5-4% of all adult fractures. The management of these fractures depends upon age and type of injury Aim: To compare the outcome in comminuted radial head fractures(Mason type III) based on mayo elbow scoring and handgrip strength test when managed with radial head excision, radial head fixation or radial head replacement Material and Methods: We did a prospective comparative study comprising 60 patients between age 20-60 years with Mason type III radial head fractures. The patients were randomised using the admission day of the week placing 20 patients each in arthroplasty , excision and in the fixation group. The patients were followed up for 18-24 months postoperatively. Results were evaluated by the Mayo’s elbow performance and Handgrip strength score at 6 months and 18 months and were statistically evaluated by one-way ANOVA test. Results: As per Mayo’s score at 6 months follow up, mean and standard deviation (SD) of the scores in arthroplasty was 83.25 and 11.50, for excision it was 76.25 and 11.38 & for fixation, it was 68.75 and 17.83 respectively. At 18 months follow up, mean and standard deviation was 90 and 12.56 for arthroplasty, 83 and 9.92 for excision & 76.25 and 21.69 for fixation respectively. As per handgrip strength score at 6 months follow up, mean and standard deviation of the scores in arthroplasty was 31.1 and 4.37, for excision it was 28.75 and 4.27 & for fixation, it was 27.15 and 5.94 respectively. At 18 months follow up, mean and standard deviation was 32.95 and 4.006 for arthroplasty, 30.7 and 4.06 for excision & 28 and 6.75 for fixation respectively. The difference between the results according to both Mayo’s score as well as Handgrip strength test was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that long and short-term results of radial head replacement are better than radial head excision and radial head fixation in comminuted radial head fractures based on mayo elbow scoring and hand grip strength score. Keywords: Radial head fracture, Radial head replacement, Mason classification
Tens Nailing in Fracture Clavicle – A Case Series
Authors: Danish Md , Gupta Hemant , Sao Ashish , Kant Ravi
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION: Clavicle is one of the most commonly fractured bones accounting for 2.6 – 4 % of all the fractures. 69 – 82% of these occur in middle third of clavicle, 73 % of which are displaced midshaft clavicular fractures). Surgery has been indicated for displaced fractures of clavicle, one with NV compromise and skin tenting. Intramedullary fixation for clavicular fractures was first described by Peroni in 1950. The use of a TENS nail carries advantages of less soft tissue compromise, less operative time, better cosmetic results, load sharing fixation with relative stability that encourages copious callus formation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective review of 20 patients who presented to our institute between January 2021 and June 2022 with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures and treated with TENS nailing was carried out. All the patients had Constant Murley score and DASH score, which were done at 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: All the patients achieved clinical and radiological union at a mean of 19.6 ± 6.67.80% of the patient had excellent Constant Murley score on follow up. Based on the assessment parameters (Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand) Score, the mean DASH score was 25.03 ± 3.36 (range 20-30), 18.56 ± 3.46 (range 14-25) at the end of 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. CONCLUSION: The intramedullary fixation using TENS of midshaft clavicle fractures is a safe minimally invasive technique in indicated cases and in our hands, it provides good functional outcome and cosmetic results. KEYWORDS: Tens, Clavicle, Fracture, Intramedullary
The policy engagement of social workers: a research overview
Authors: Gal John , Weiss-Gal Idit
Published: February 2023

Policy engagement by social workers that seeks to impact public policies that advance social justice and human rights has, and continues to be, a core component of the social work profession. This has also led to a growing volume of research focusing upon the routes that social workers can take to be part of the policy formulation process. The aim of this article is to provide a research overview of five policy routes, which include two civic routes, specifically voluntary political participation and holding elected office, and three professional routes, specifically policy practice, academic policy engagement and policy participation through professional organisations. The overview expands our knowledge on contemporary research trends regarding the level of engagement in each route, the form that this takes and the factors that explain it. The factors that have been identified in the research literature as impacting social workers’ policy engagement will draw upon the policy engagement conceptual framework. The methodologies employed in the studies are discussed. Finally, the article concludes by identifying under-researched facets of social workers’ policy engagement and suggesting a research agenda for the field.
High-Q Fano Resonances in Diamond Nanopillars
Authors: Angelini Angelo , Bonino Vittorio
Published: February 2023

We report on the optical behaviour of a nanostructured diamond surface on a glass substrate. The numerical model reveals that a simple geometrical patter sustains Fano-like resonances with Q-factor as high as 3.5·10⁵ that can be excited by plane waves impinging normally on the surface. We show that the geometrical parameters of the nanopillars affect both the resonant frequency and the line shape. The nanostructured surface can be straightforwardly used as a refractive index sensor with high sensitivity and linearity. Our findings show that diamond-based meta-surfaces are a valuable nanophotonic platform to control light propagation at the nanoscale, enabling large field enhancement within the nanoresonators that can foster both linear and nonlinear effects.
Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County
Authors: Ochola Sophie , Kanerva Noora , Wachira Lucy Joy , Owino George E. , Anono Esther L. , Walsh Hanna M. , Okoth Victor , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Swindell Nils , Stratton Gareth , Onywera Vincent , Fogelholm Mikael
Published: February 2023

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty. This cross-sectional study was conducted among of 9–14 years old pre-adolescents and their guardians living in low- (Embakasi) and middle-income (Langata) sub-counties. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were measured using standard approved protocols. Socioeconomic characteristics of the residential sites were accessed using Wealth Index, created by using Principal Component Analysis. Statistical analyses were done by analysis of variance (continuous variables, comparison of areas) and with logistic and linear regression models.A total of 149 households, response rate of 93%, participated, 72 from Embakasi and 77 from Langata. Most of the participants residing in Embakasi belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. About 30% of the pre-adolescent participants in Langata were overweight, compared to 6% in Embakasi (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of adults (mostly mothers) with overweight and obesity was high (65%) in both study areas. Wealth (β = 0.01; SE 0.0; p = 0.003) and income (β = 0.29; SE 0.11; p = 0.009) predicted higher BMI z-score in pre-adolescents. In, pre-adolescent overweight was already highly prevalent in the middle-income area, while the proportion of women with overweight/obesity was high in the low-income area. These results suggest that a lifestyle promoting obesity is high regardless of socioeconomic status and wealth in Kenya. This provides a strong justification for promoting healthy lifestyles across all socio-economic classes.