bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensibility in translation of medical texts
Authors: GÜNAY KÖPRÜLÜ Sevtap
Published: August 2023

Medicine is a field that is being closely followed as a scientific field worldwide and in which there are continuous developments. Because it is a science that covers the necessary applications to prevent and treat diseases, as well as to protect and improve health. This field of science, whose history is as old as the history of humanity, has its own terminology, which comes from Greek and Latin. Therefore, the (difficult) comprehensibility of the medical language is one of the issues emphasized. Medical professionals know this terminology well and understand it easily. Lay people, however, may have difficulty understanding medical language. The (difficulty) level of language used in medical texts varies according to the target audience. If the target audience of the text is professionals, a language dominated by sophisticated medical terminology of Greek and Latin origin is used. The reason for this is that medical terminology facilitates communication, as it is a shared language worldwide. However, if the target audience of the text is lay people, people tend to use easier-to-understand language and more common medical terms and known to the public. This is because the text should be accurate and easy to understand. This should also be the aim of translations of medical texts. This present study analyzed the Turkish translations of German texts published on the website of an official institution and produced to inform the public about infectious diseases. Informative texts about 32 different diseases on the website were analyzed, and eight texts were selected as different examples of ‘comprehensibility in translation’. The study focused on medical terms and expressions that are unclear, misunderstood, or cause ambiguity in translation texts and investigated the causes of the clarity problem. As a result of the study, it was observed that the literal translation approach in the translation of medical texts in which equivalent equivalents (i.e. national medical terms) in their own language replace medical terminology since the target audience is lay people, leads to the emergence of 'comprehensibility' problems.
Ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuduğu kitaplarda yer alan değerlerin tespit ve incelenmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM İlker Ozan , ONAN Bilginer
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ortaokul sınıflarında okutulan kitaplarda yer alan değer aktarımı unsurlarını belirlemek ve incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Balıkesir, Sivas, Kilis ve Konya illerinden seçilen 10 ortaokuldan kitaplık listeleri elde edilmiştir. Ortak olan kitaplardan 25 yerli ve 25 yabancı eser, değer aktarımı açısından incelenmek üzere seçilmiştir. Seçilen kitapların değer aktarımı özelliklerini incelemek için tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Kitapların incelenmesi sürecinde doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu süreçte araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Değer Aktarımı Değerlendirme Formu" (DADF) kullanılmıştır. Formun oluşturulmasında, 2019 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı'nda yer alan kök değerler dikkate alınmıştır. Kitaplar, belirtilen on kök değer açısından incelenmiştir. Eserler içinde hangi değer ifadesinin hangi sayfada yer aldığı, değer aktarımının nasıl ifade edildiği kaydedilmiş ve bulgularla birlikte paylaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, incelenen yerli ve yabancı eserlerde en sık geçen değerin sevgi olduğu, en az geçen değerin ise adalet olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yerli eserlerin saygı ve vatanseverlik değerlerine yabancı eserlere göre daha fazla yer verdiği belirlenmiştir.
Intersensory transference in divans of Keçecizâde İzzet Molla
Authors: DEGER Mete Bülent
Published: August 2023

Intersensory transference is a situation that occurs when concepts related to the five basic senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting are associated together or with each other. In this study, intersensory transference in the divans of Keçecizâde İzzet Molla, one of the most important representatives of the nineteenth century in Classical Turkish Literature, is discussed. In study, it is aimed to identify the uses of intersensory transference, which has names such as synesthesia, duality of sensation, hiss-âmîzî (mixing of sensation), in the divans in question, and to classify and evaluate them according to the relationship between the senses. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the use of the five basic senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting in the poems in Keçecizâde İzzet Molla’s divans and the concepts that fall within the meaning of these senses together or in relation to each other. Therefore, the orientations of the uses of these senses identified in the poet’s divans to the senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting have been determined. In this context, it has been revealed which sensory organs the poet tends to focus on more within the framework of intersensory transference in his divans. As a result, this study is important in terms of analyzing and evaluating a poet’s divan in the context of intersensory transference in divan literature and therefore it is thought that this study will contribute to the field of Classical Turkish Literature.
Piyano eşlikli solo eserlerde eşliğin soloya bağımlılık durumunun incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZALTUNOĞLU Özlem , ÖZYİĞİT Bengisu
Published: August 2023

Bu araştırmada “Klasik ve Romantik dönem eserlerinde piyano eşliğinin solo partiyle olan ilişkisi, eşlik türü açısından hangi çeşitlerde karşımıza çıkar?” sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Araştırma; C.F. Zelter, W.A. Mozart, L.v. Beethoven, J. Brahms, R. Schumann, F. Chopin ve F. Mendelssohn Bartholdy’den seçilmiş piyano eşliğine sahip 115 eserle sınırlandırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında; 79 eserde soloya bağımlı eşlik kullanıldığı, bu eşlik türüne Romantik döneme göre Klasik dönemde daha fazla yer verildiği; 87 eserde solodan bağımsız eşlik kullanıldığı, bu eşlik türüne Klasik döneme göre Romantik dönemde daha fazla yer verildiği görülmüştür. Klasik dönemde gelişimini sürdüren bir çalgı olarak piyano, soloya bağımlı eşlikle yani soloyu aynı şekilde duyurma göreviyle öne çıkar. Beethoven’ın incelenen tüm eserlerinde piyanoyu bu amaçla görevlendirdiği görülmüştür. Mozart, tüm eserlerinde olmasa da büyük oranda bu eşlik tarzına yer verir. Müziğin, daha duygusal ve kişisel bir ifade arayışına yöneldiği Romantik dönemde, piyano da bu değişime paralel olarak kendine özgü bir karakter geliştirir. Piyano, duygusal ifadenin yoğunlaştığı, klasik dönemdeki sınırlamalardan kurtulmuş ve bestecilerin daha kişisel bir ifade için geniş bir alan bulduğu bir enstrüman haline gelmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen Romantik dönem eserlerinde bu gelişimin bir yansıması olarak, piyano eşliğinin solodan daha bağımsız melodik hareketlerine yer verilmiştir. Bu genel sonuçla birlikte, Klasik dönemde Zelter’in, Romantik dönemde de Brahms’ın farklı kullanımları görülmüştür.
Кавказские мотивы в творчестве А. Бестужева-Марлинского (“Аммалат-бек”)
Authors: KARAYEL Sevinç , AKYAR Ali
Published: August 2023

После завоевания Крыма и Черноморского побережья Россия начинает экспансию на Кавказ. Покорение кавказских народов было доверено генералу А. Ермолову, жестокому, деспотичному, часто сравниваемому с Кромвелем. С 1830 по 1859 гг. местные народы оказывали стойкое сопротивление царской армии, однако в конце концов Шейх Шамиль сложил оружие. Наступил один из самых мрачных периодов российского империализма, многие оказались в изгнании и эмиграции в Турции. Цель нашего исследования заключается в изучении поливариантности кавказского текста русской литературы на примере рассказа А. Бестужева-Марлинского “Аммалат-бек”. Задачи статьи предполагают раскрытие мотивной структуры произведения, демонстрацию его антиколониальной направленности. В статье рассмотрен чрезвычайно знаковый рассказ А. Бестужева-Марлинского “Аммалат-бек” с точки зрения национальных стереотипов, имагологии, образов колонизации на Кавказе, местной экзотики и колорита. Анализ этнических стереотипов и имиджей способствует более глубокому пониманию сюжета, композиционной структуры повествования, символического пласта текста. Немаловажное значение принадлежит батальным сценам, их роли в формировании традиции дальнейшей русской литературы. Жанровая специфика произведения также проливает свет на особенности художественного синтеза в рассказе Бестужева-Марлинского. Романтизация повествования свидетельствует о том повышенном авторском внимании, которое автор придавал изображению азиатских народов. Подчеркнута связь кавказских мотивов в данном рассказе с историческим процессом, личной судьбой, биографическими перипетиями самого писателя. Интерпретация учитывает теоретические достижения постколониальной критики, возможность амбивалентной оценки географических и ментальных границ, стереотипов, образов и концептов национальной картины мира. Особое внимание уделено этническим стереотипам, антропологическим кодам, национальной специфике предмета отображения. Выявлены различия между западным и восточным мировосприятием, имперским и колониальным, историей государства и локальной историей. Акцентированы индивидуальные особенности психологии героя, его поведения, связи с этническим коллективом, нацией. Прослежена художественная динамика характера, трансформация его внутреннего мира, диалектика связей с другими персонажами.
Beyrut’ta Geç Modernizm Mensur Şiirden Şi‘r Dergisi’ne
Authors: GÖKGÖZ Turgay
Published: August 2023

Arap şiirinde klasik dönemden itibaren şiir sanatının vezinlerle nazmedildiği görülür. Ancak ilk kez modern Arap şiirinde aruz ve kafiyeden kurtulma girişimleri Cibrân ve er-Reyhânî gibi Mehcer edebiyatçılarının eliyle gerçekleşirken ilk teşebbüslerin 1903 yılında başladığı görülmektedir. İlk kez er-Reyhânî’de görülen mensur şiir kavramı özellikle Cibrân üzerinden edebiyat sahnesinde yayılır olmuştur. Cibrân’ın kendisine ait olan Cibrân Üslubu adlı stil ile mensur şiir daha da tanınır olmuştur. Cibrân’ın şiirlerinde iki stilin oldukça etkisi görülür. Bunlardan birisi şiirsel nesir diğeri mensur şiirdir. Şiirsel nesirden kasıt nesirden oluşan bir metinde şiirsellik aranmasıdır. Mensur şiir ise nesir biçiminde yazılan şiir çeşididir. 1940-1950’li yıllara bakıldığında Bedir Şâkir es-Seyyâb ve Nâzik el-Melâ’ike gibi isimlerin oluşturdukları eş-şi‘ru’l-hurr (serbest şiir) Arap şiirindeki yerini almıştır. 1957’de ise Beyrut’ta Şi‘r adlı bir dergi çıkarılır. İlgili dergi mensur şiir ve Adonis tarafından isimlendirilecek olan kasîdetu’n-nesr türünün ele alındığı ve geliştirildiği bir mecra olmuştur. 1960 yılında ise Adonis ve Unsî el-Hâcc’ın yayımladıkları yazılarda kasîdetu’n-nesr türü ilk kez Arap okuyucusuna tanıtılmış ve söz konusu iki metin bu türün teorisini oluşturarak türü kuramsallaşmıştır. Şi‘r Dergisi bünyesindeki şairler özellikle kasîdetu’n-nesr türünde şiirler nazmetmeye gayret etmişler, aruz ve kafiye gibi unsurların dışında şiir kaleme alma taraftarı olmuşlardır. Ayrıca Şi‘r Dergisi şairleri özellikle de 1970’lerden sonra Arap şiirinde etkisini hissettiren Temmûzî şiirin temsilcileri olmuşlardır. XX. yüzyıl Arap şiir tarihine bakıldığında mensur şiir ile serbest şiir, serbest şiir ile kasîdetu’n-nesr ve kasîdetu’n-nesr ile de Şi‘r Dergisi arasında bir bağ olduğu görülecektir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu unsurlar arasındaki bu bağ üzerinde durulacak ve de bu unsurların Arap şiiri nezdindeki yeri tartışılacaktır.
Application of Roland Barthes’ Five Codes on Edgar Allan Poe’s Short Story The Black Cat
Authors: GÜZEL Serda
Published: August 2023

This research focuses on Roland Barthes’ structural theory of five codes on “The Black Cat” a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. The study examines the selected story by means of qualitative method in the light of Roland Barthes’ five codes. The paper examines short critical premises of The Black Cat and then the application of the five codes as framed by Barthes’ on the sturucture of the selected story. Based on the textual analysis, it indicates that the selected story covers all the five codes such as Proairetic, hermeneutic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural codes. The selected story begins with an enigma and the story includes many linguistic elements that reflect connatative and hidden meaning. It also includes cultural references of Greek and Roman Mythology. In addition, symbolic code in other words binary oppositions play significant role in the lexico grammatical pattern of the story in terms of love and hate, illusion versus reality, the entirely black cat versus the black cat with white spot on the skin, poor versus rich, sense of innocence versus sense of evil. The research concludes that the author creates a balance in the story by means of the five codes of Barthes. The study suggests that the unnamed narrator’s inner world, viewpoints and his perception of the reality constructs the basic structure and content of the story.
محفِّزات إثارة الدافعية للتعلّم عن بعد لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية دراسة تربوية و نفسية
Authors: DUGHIM Khaled Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على المحفزات لإثارة دافعية التعلّم عن بعد لتلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية و خاصة في هذه الفترة الزمنية و مع جائحة كورونا التي عصفت بالبشرية و ما زالت تداعياتها و آثارها موجودة مع عدم التنبؤ الأكيد بنهايتها ، فتمّ تسليط الضوء على أهمية المرحلة الإبتدائية في التعليم و خصوصيتها النمائية للتلميذ و مفهوم إثارة الدافعية للتعلّم عن بعد و العوامل المؤثرة فيها ومعوقاتها ، وأنواع التعليم عن بعد وأشكاله وخصائصه، ثم الأساليب المحفزة لإثارة دافعية التعلم عن بعد للتلاميذ مع التوصيات وأهمها : مراعاة حاجات التلاميذ في هذه المرحلة، واعتماد برامج ومحتوى تعليمي يُراعي ميولهم واتجاهاتهم، ويثير دافعيتهم للتعلّم، ثم مقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية ذات صلة بالموضوع.
Öğretmenlerin İş-Yaşam Dengesi Algılarının Psikolojik Sözleşmeye Uyma Düzeylerindeki Rolü
Authors: AY Döndü , B.BOSTANCI Aynur
Published: August 2023

Bu araştırma, öğretmenlerin iş-yaşam dengesi algılarının psikolojik sözleşmeye uyma düzeyleri üzerindeki rolünün incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırmada “İş-Yaşam Dengesi Ölçeği ve “Psikolojik Sözleşmeye Uyma Düzeyi Ölçeği” ile veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Uşak il merkezinde görev yapan 2900 öğretmen, örneklemini ise kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılabilen 418 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; öğretmenlerin iş yaşam dengesine ilişkin algılarının iş yaşam uyumu, kendine zaman ayırma ve yaşamın işten ibaret olması boyutlarında “yüksek”, yaşamı ihmal etme boyutunda ise “orta” düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin psikolojik sözleşmeye uyma düzeylerinin tüm boyutlarda ve toplamda yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin iş yaşam dengesi algıları ile psikolojik sözleşme uyum düzeyleri arasında anlamlı, pozitif yönlü ve düşük düzeyde ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin iş-yaşam dengesi algılarının psikolojik sözleşmeye uyma düzeylerini yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin iş yaşam dengelerini daha iyi sağlayabilecekleri koşulların yaratılmasının, psikolojik sözleşmeye uyma düzeylerine olumlu yansıyacağı düşünülmektedir.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA (TPAK) DAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA (TPT) TERHADAP PDRB DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Munawir Munawir , Saharuddin Saharuddin
Published: August 2023

The open unemployment rate (TPT) and the labor force participation rate (TPAK) were compared in Aceh Province for the purpose of this studyaffected the gross regional product (GDP). Secondary data from BPS and Plantation Statistics were used in this study. VAR is the data analysis technique employed in this study. The study's findings indicate that TPAK and TPT have no impact on GRDP and that, according to the GRDP's granger causality technique, there is no reciprocal association between TPAK and TPT (causality).
PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN RUMAH TANGGA BAGI WANITA NELAYAN DI DESA NENAS SIAM KABUPATEN BATU BARA
Authors: Mahary Azizah , Siregar Irham Huspa , Gunawan Asep
Published: August 2023

Family financial management is a fundamental skill that must be owned by every household. The wife has an important role in managing family finances because the wife's job is to be the "finance minister" for her family. Financial problems generally occur when the amount of expenditure is greater than the amount of income, and the amount of income earned is irregular. This PKM activity was carried out on Wednesday-Thursday June 7-8 2023, 09.00 to 12.00 WIB at the Nenas Siam Village Hall, Batu Bara Regency with the target of 18 fishermen's wives or women with the aim that participants could identify sources of income and expenses , can determine between needs and wants, and understand how to control expenses according to the budget that has been compiled so that family needs are met. This PKM activity method is carried out in three stages, namely: 1) planning and preparation stage, 2) activity implementation stage, 3) final evaluation stage with lecture techniques, group discussions, and assignment assignments. As a result of this activity, the participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the training, which was marked by the participants following it until the event was over, the participants were able to prepare a family budget by making simple bookkeeping. Based on the results of the activity evaluation, participants hoped that there would be a follow-up program with a similar theme in order to better understand family planning specifically.
PEMBUATAN MINUMAN SEDUHAN “NDOA” DARI DAUN JERUJU (Acanthus illicifolius L.) di KAMPUNG PIGAPU DISTRIK IWAKA KABUPATEN MIMIKA
Authors: Mahanani Anti Uni , Tuhuteru Sumiyati , Inrianti Inrianti , Berliana Meri , Perez Simon
Published: August 2023

Kampung Pigapu di Distrik Iwaka Kabupaten Mimika merupakan wilayah hutan bakau (mangrove). Daun bakau (mangrove) mempunyai manfaat yaitu sebagai minuman seduhan dari daun jeruju (Acanthus illicifolius L.). Minuman seduhan daun Acanthus ini memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan pengetahuan dan teknologi pembuatan minuman seduhan dari daun jeruju. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan di kampung Pigapu. Mitra pengabdian masyarakat adalah Kelompok Tani Hutan dan Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial Lembaga Desa Pigapu yang didampingi oleh Yayasan Ekologi Sahul Lestari. Anggota kelompok tani dating sekitar 40 orang. Metode terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu: pra kegiatan, kegiatan dan pasca kegiatan. Pembuatan minuman seduhan adalah mengumpulkan daun jeruju dimana daun yang dipetik adalah daun pucuk pertama sampai pucuk ketujuh. Setelah daun dibersihkan, dilakukan pemisahan daun jeruju dengan tulang daun dan dicuci bersih dan kemudian diiris tipis-tipis dengan menggunakan pisau. Setelah diiris, daun ini kemudian dijemur dibawah sinar matahari selama kurang lebih 5 hari. Apabila kondisi sudah kering sekali, daun ini siap dikemas dalam kemasan celup dan kemasan pouch.  Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial Lembaga Desa Pigapu pada umumnya telah memasarkan minuman seduhan “Ndoa” ini dalam event-event lokal maupun nasional. Kesimpulannya terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat disamping menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan ekonomi masyarakat setempat.
PENILAIAN DAYA TARIK OBJEK WISATA ALAM AIR TERJUN GURUNG SEPANGIN DI DESA TEKUDAK KECAMATAN KALIS KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Authors: Siahaan Sarma , Bobbie yanter Yohanes , Latifah Siti
Published: August 2023

Assessment of the attractiveness of natural attractions is a systematic and balanced process or activity to gather information about everything unique, of high attractive value for tourists who come to a tourist destination area. This research is expected to be included in the local government as a consideration in the framework of the management and development of natural attractions. The purpose of the research is to get the value of the attraction of natural attractions of Gurung Sepangin Waterfall. The research was conducted for approximately 3 weeks effectively in the field. The method used is a survey method with interview techniques and assisted by questionnaires as data collection instruments, sampling is carried out accidental sampling based on criteria that have been determined by researchers. The number of respondents was 30 people. Data processing uses guidelines for analysis of object operations and natural attractions (ADO-OTDWA) directorate general of PHKA in 2003 which has been modified according to the scores that have been determined for each criterion. The results of research on the assessment of natural attraction objects of Gurung Sepangin Waterfall have an area attraction value of 954.18 or entered into the classification category (B) means that it is quite potential to be developed into a natural tourist destination.
GINGER CULTIVATION
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, . RAJAM
Published: August 2023

It is accepted on all hands that for any commodity to sell successfully in the market it should be of the best quality possible. Many of the commercial. products marketed in India and exported to foreign countries like England, France and America, are often-times condemned on the score that they are only second or third rate in quality. If, therefore, a product should find a. ready market outside and fetch a very good price it is essential that it should be prepared in the most careful manner. One such product which is prepared in fair quantities on the West Coast, and which requires improvement both in respect of cultivation and method of preparation is ginger. The importance of paying adequate attention to the manufacture of this product on the West Coast can scarcely be over-stressed because a fairly good percentage of the bulk of the world's supplies of dried ginger is at present produced within Malabar, Travancore, and Cochin, and a major portion of the product that is exported now is considered very inferior in quality to that produced for example in Jamaica. It is stated that the United Kingdom alone would absorb increased supplies of ginger and would pay better prices for it, if it could only be better in quality. In view of this circumstance it may be advantageous to draw the attention of present and potential producers of this crop to the best methods of cultivating the plant and preparing the yield for the market.
CHOLAM AS INFANTS' FOOD
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, . FEMINA
Published: August 2023

We are indebted to an esteemed lady contributor for the following note on Cholan ns Infants' Food. A lengthy article on the subject appeared in our December issue (1929). The future of cholam malt for home-made infants' and invalid food rests en- tirely in the hands of women, both from the point of view of propaganda and experi- mentation for the production of recipes of varied tastes. We are happy to note that the subject is receiving the attention it deserves and we have great pleasure in publishing the note by our esteemed correspondent.-Ed. M.. A. J.] No, the idea is not to feed simple cholam grains to babies and young children! So long ago as 1917, Mr. B. Viswanath, Government Agricultural Chemist, proved that in the making of malt, cholam would replace barley, a crop little grown in South India. A gold medal was awarded to his exhibit of malted foods at the Madras Industrial Exhibition held in 1917. These foods were intended to replace expensive proprietary preparations imported from abroad. Cholam, being a widely cultivated crop in South India, is cheap and available to all classes. Its conversion into malt is quite possible in any home where a little trouble is taken. No special apparatus is necessary.
THE GERMINATION OF PADDY SEED
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, G JOGI RAJU
Published: August 2023

In conducting germination tests of paddy varieties it has been found that some germinate almost cent per cent, immediately atter harvest, while others require rest before they are capable of sprouting. The resting period again varies with different varieties. In the table below, a list of some varieties is given showing the percentages of their germination at intervals of one month from September to March.
THE ROLE OF THE ZOOLOGIST IN THE FIELD OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
Authors:   Agricultural College Coimbatore, T.V RAMAKRISHNA AYYAR
Published: August 2023

The subject I have selected for this evening's discourse is already known to you and I dare say most of you have a copy of a rough abstract of my paper. My idea in selecting this theme is to present a very brief survey of the more important lines of work in which the Zoologist has contributed so. far to the progress of Applied Biology and indicate what his future functions might be; as a student of Zoology myself, and this being our inaugural gathering I thought such a subject may not be inappropriate on this occasion and not stale, at least, to those among us who are not Zoologists and to whom such a paper on the general economic aspects of a sister science may appeal. Though the study of Zoology was in existence as early as the fourth or the fifth century B. c. the progress of this science was greatly influenced by various world movements. From the decline of the Greek Civilisation on through the Roman and early Christian epochs-which may be called the 'Dark Ages' for the natural sciences, very little progress was made not only in Zoology but in the allied sciences as well. In the 16th Century a revival began, when bold natural philosophers like Vesalius, Bacon and Harvey broke away from the bonds of political and ecclesiastical authority and assert- ed their views and the results of their observations. Since then zoo- logical studies made rapid progress and in the succeeding centuries. remarkable researches and revolutionary discoveries were made by such eminent and well known scientists as Linnacus, Cuvier, Von Baeer, Lamarck, Darwin and Wallace-to mention only a few of the galaxy of Inaugural address to the Association of Economic Biologists, Coimbatore (20th June 1930).
RURAL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Deputy Inspector Of School Proddatur, N SIMHADRI
Published: August 2023

Actuarians have it that 90 per cent of the Indian people live in rural areas while only 10 per cent of it constitute the Intelligentsia. India is predomi- nantly an agricultural country and the majority of the people must remain agriculturists. The efforts of both the social ameliorist and the political worker need to be concentrated as the Times says upon promoting an enquiry which concerns the welfare of over four-fifths of the three-hundred and twenty millions of people who inhabit India.' The rural world has need of fundamental change if it is to be saved from decay-change both in its economic structure and in its 'philosophy of life.'
CLEAN MILK
Authors:   Government Agricultural Bacteroilogist, P.D KARUNAKAR
Published: August 2023

A single drop of milk may contain on an average about a lakh of bacteria, as sold by vendors in the Coimbatore town. Milk is a very good medium for the growth and multiplication of almost all kinds of bacteria, good, bad and indifferent. Some bacteria such as those that produce curds, cheese etc., are beneficial and useful; there are a great many different kinds of bacteria which may be termed indifferent as they are not useful in any particular manner and at the same time do no harm in any way by their presence and growth in milk. But there is the third class which is positively harmful. Bacteria producing tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid, cholera, etc., grow luxuriantly in milk once they find their way in. A noted dairy scientist, Dr. Orla Jensen, claims that in parts of Europe, repeated epidemics of typhoid and cholera have been caused by infected milk. In a hot country like India especially, where milk remains at a high temperature, the bacteria tend to develop most marvellously, a single individual dividing into two within twenty minutes. Hence the need for clean milk containing as few bacteria as possible and no harmful bacteria at all. Even while in the udder, milk contains a few organisms mostly of the beneficial and indifferent kinds except in cases where the cow itself is diseased. The large numbers obtained in milk samples are most often due to outside contamination, e.g.. from air and water, unclean vessels and the unclean person of the milker. Therefore, if outside contamination is limited to the minimum, it will be possible to obtain milk which would contain very few organisms indeed. Thus the Government Dairy at Coimbatore by virtue of its being clean, is able to produce milk which contains only about one thousand bacteria in a drop, whereas milk produced by vendors contain about a hundred thousand bacteria in the same quantity.
POLYEMBRYONY IN ELEUSINE CORA CANA, Gaertn, (Ragi)
Authors:   Millets Specialist, G.N RANGASWAMI AYYANGAR , N KRISHNASWAMI ,   Assitant to the Millets Specialist
Published: August 2023

In the year 1929 in the course of a number of seed germinations of Ragi, odd instances occurred in which, two seedlings were found to arise from the same seed. The usual type was with two plumules and two radicles. Very rarely, two plumules in one coleoptile with a single radicle, or a single plumule with two radicles were met with. These seedlings with two plumules and radicles occurred in Family No. E. C. 663 in which out of 13 plants, 5 gave rise to these twins.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE CONTROL OF BLAST DISEASE OF PADDY
Authors:   Assitant to the Government Mycologist, K.M THOMAS
Published: August 2023

The blast of paddy is known in almost all the rice- growing countries of the world. It has been recorded from Italy, Russia, China, Japan, United States of America and India. In India, it has been known to occur in Bengal, Behar and several districts of Madras. It is the most important disease of the Paddy crop in South India and in bad years has been reported to cause losses up to seventy per cent of the yield. Rice being the staple food of the South Indian, paddy ranks first in importance among cultivated crops and the area under paddy in Madras runs to about 11 million acres. The control of a disease of such destructive possibilities is therefore of profound importance from an economic view point.
ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IN GRAIN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH)
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P VEERABADHIRAN , S PALANISAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G.A PALANISAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: August 2023

The correlation coefficients at genotypic level between eight quantitative characters and path coefficients were estimated in eightyone hybrids and eighteen parents of sorghum. Genotypic correlations clearly established the positive and significant relationship between panicle weight and yield, number of grains per panicle and yield, number of leaves and yield, days to bloom and yield.. The intercorrelation among the yield components were also estimated. Partitioning of the correlation coefficient through path analysis indicated that the direct effect of number of grains per panicle was maximum and positive upon yield and this was followed by 1000 grain weight and days to 50 per cent bloom.
A POTENTIAL PREDATOR OF CHILLI MITE, polyphagotarsonemus LATUS (Banks) (Tansonemidae: Acari)
Authors:   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, P KARUPPUCHAMY , G BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, P.C SUNDARABABU ,   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, M GOPALAN ,   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: August 2023

Chilli mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) causes severe damange to chilli crop at flowering and fruiting stages. Use of chemical insecticides induces resurgence of this mite in most cases, besides residue problems in green chillies. Atternps made to find out the natural enemies of this mite revealed the potential feeding nature of a predatory phytosciid mite, Amblyseius ovalis (Evans). The predatory potential of A.ovalis worked out in the laboratory indicated that the adult predators were the most efficient in devouring the chilli mite at an average of 5.76, 4.64, 3.20, 3.12 and 2.12 eggs. first instar, second instar nymphs, pupae and adults respectively. The efficiency was gradually reduced in deutonymph and protonymph of the predator and the larva was the least effective in predatory potential against chilli mite.
STORAGE LOSSES OF ONION BULBS
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Rewa, R.P PANDEY , PANDEY AJAY ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Rewa
Published: August 2023

Field experiments were undertaken in Padra, Rewa to study the storage losses of onion due to sprouting, rotting, rooting and moisture losses in the storage. The treatments consisted 3 levels of N(50,100 and 150 kg N/ha) in the main plot, 5 levels of MH (0,2000, 2,500, 3000 and 3500 ppm) in subplot and 3 timings of spray (7, 14 and 21 days before harvest) in sub-sub plots with four replications during 1980-81 and 1981-82. After harvesting, onion bulbs were kept in bamboo baskets for five months i.e. from June to October, in ordinary room conditions during both years. The studies indicated that the application of 100 kg N/ha along with foliar spray of Maleic hydrazide at 3000 to 3500 ppm concentration at 21 days before harvest proved beneficial for onion production and reducing storage losses of onion bulbs in ordinary storage conditions.
RELATIVE VIABILITY AND VIGOUR OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DURING STORAGE
Authors:   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, D KALAVATHI , K RAMAMOORTHY ,   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, S SUNDARESWARAN ,   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3
Published: August 2023

Seed viability and vigour studies with the twenty seven genotypes of soybean brought out the genotypic differences for germination potential, root and shoot length and dry matter production of the seedlings in storage. Large seeds retained by 15/64" (aperture width 6.00 mm) sieve maintained the viability and vigour during eight months storage period with minimum loss compared to medium and small seeds retained by 14/64" (aperture width 5.60 mm) and 13/64" (aperture width 5.20 mm) sieves.
A REVIEW ON AGROTECHNOLOGY OF FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)
Authors:   Punjab Agricultural University Ludhina 141 004, SINGH AVTAR , R.K MAHEY ,   Punjab Agricultural University Ludhina 141 004
Published: August 2023

The time of sowing of fennel varies from 1 October to 30 October, the range of fertilizer application vary from 25 to 100 kg N and 20 to 60 kg. P20s/ha under Indion conditions. The closer row spacings of 30 or 45 cmn are better as compared to under row spacking of 60 cm. Mass Selection-1, S-79, PF-35 and UF-32 are the high yielding varieties of fennel. The crop did not respond to irrigation more than one irrigation. The soil content and oil quality was not affected by the various agronomic inputs. However, for essential oil the herb crop should be harvested at the grain formation at tertiary umbels but the seed crop could be harvested at half length seed stage. The powdery mildew is the major disease of this crop.
NITROGEN FERTILISATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IN MUSTARD UNDER JAWAI COMMAND AREA OF RAJASTHAN
Authors:   Department of SWC College of Technology & Agricultural Engineering, Udaipur 313 001, G.S CHOUHAN , SINGH ISHWAR ,   Department of SWC College of Technology & Agricultural Engineering, Udaipur 313 001, SINGH DILIP ,   Department of SWC College of Technology & Agricultural Engineering, Udaipur 313 001
Published: August 2023

Investigations carried out for two years (89-90 and 90-91) at ARS, Sumerpur (Rajasthan Agricultural University) in sandy loam soil reveal that increasing levels of nitrogen upto 90 kg/ha significantly increased yield attributes, chlorophyll content of leaves, seed yield and oil content of mustard during both the years. Three imigations to this crop at vegetative, flowering and seed development stages were found appropriate when judged in terms of yield, yield attributes and chlorophyll content. Oil content of seed was also improved significantly due to two (at veg. + flowering stage) and three irrigations compared to one (at vegetative stage).
EFFECT OF INTERCROP ON THE INCIDENCE OF GROUNDNUT LEAFMINER
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, R.K MURALI BASKARAN , J CHANDRASEKARAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, S THANGAVELU ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

Influence of the intercropping system on the incidence of groundnut leaf miner. Significantly less number of leaf miner larvae per metre row, comparatively more percentage of parasitism by Gonlozus sp. and less percentage of leaflet damage (41.3%) in groundnut and cumbu intercropping system at 4:1 ratio. In addition, the groundnut cumbu intercropping system recorded 4.7 per cent increased net return when compared to the pure crop of groundnut.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARINE PRODUCT EXPORT FROM INDIA
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, S DEVARAJAN
Published: August 2023

Trend lines were fitted to predict the growth rate for marine product from India to other countries. The total marine product export increased at 8.55 per cent and the value by 22.56 per cent. Share of shrimp to total marine product export increased from 54.0 per cent in 1960 to 58.41 per cent in 1986. While the value increased from 70.22 per cent to 82.12 per cent for theabove period indicating the prawn forms major share. The analysis of market share revealed that Japan and U.S.A. are the two major importers of marine products accounting for 44.85 per cent and 12.96 per cent while the value by 67.62 per cent and 12.48 per cent respectively. Since the prawn forms major share in marine product export, it is necessary to revitalise the Industry by providing liberalised credit to processors to introduce new technologies by sophisticated machineries offering tax concessions to traders and arranging participation in the world fairs.
HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN PEA
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, B.S PARMAR
Published: August 2023

Heterotic effect of eight characters were studied in Generation means analysis of five pea (Pisum sativam L.) crosses. Highest values of heterosis was observed for yield per plant and number of pods per plant. The extent of heterosis was 55.14 per cent for grain yield per plant and 49.92 per cent for pods per plant. Cross which showed manifestation of high degree of heterosis also exhibited high inbreeding depression in F2. The results showed that selection in advanced segregating generations would be advantageous.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, K.R REDDY , D.P SINGH ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

The crosses involving susceptible cultivated lines of blackgram, Vigna mungo ('UL2' and 'RU2') and of greengram, V. radiata (T44' and 'K851') as female and one resistant line of V. mungo var. silvestris (IW 3390) and of V. radiata var. sublobata (PLN15) were made in glasshouse. The parents, F1 and F2 generations of the wide crosses were grown in kharif (wet) season. Both natural and artificial inoculation techniques were used to test the material against MYMV. The susceptibility was dominant and resistance was due to one dominant and one recessive genes.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF YIELD VARIATIONS IN HYBRID GRASSES DUE TO SEASONALITY
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, VANAGAMUDI MALLIKA , N NATARAJARATNAM ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, M SUBRAMANIAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

The study revealed significant differences between hybrids for NAR and CGR and they were higher in TNAU CN 2. NAR was the lowest in the first season yet RGR and CGR were the highest in the same season. Regarding RLGR and RSGR, TNAU CN 2 had registered higher values. RLGR was maximum in the first season and minimum in the second season. RSGR was found to be maximum during the third season.
INFLUENCE OF WEATHER FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF PESTS AND DISEASES ON CABBAGE
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, V JAWAHARA RAJU , K SIVAPRAKASAM ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, T MARIMUTHU ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

Studies on the influence of weather factors on the incidence of pests and diseases on cabbage revealed that for every unit increase in rainy days there was an increase of 2.67 larval population of diamond back moth. The morning relative humidity showed significant positive association with the parasitoid, Apanteles plutellae. The relative morning humidity had significant negative relationship with cutworm population. The maximum and minimum temperatures had significant positive association with the incidence of black rot whereas minimum temperature had significant positive association with ring spot.
INFLUENCE OF WEATHER FACTORS ON SORGHUM EARHEAD BUG
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, R RAMAMURTHY , M GOPALAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

The sorghum earhead bug Calocoris angustatus Lethierry population at pre-flowering. milky, dough stage and maturity stage of earhead was influenced by three weeks average weather parameters. Morning and evening relative humidity were positively correlated with the population while maximum and minimum temperature and wind velocity were negatively correlated in all the stages of the earhead. The regression equation of three weeks mean was found to have maximum regression co-efficient representing most appropriate equation in all the stages of the earhead. Evening relative humidity showed positive influence while rainfall had negative effect during pre-flowering stage. At milky stage, moming relative humidity and minimum temperature exhibited positive effect while maximum temperature, evening relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall effected negatively. The positive effect was noticed with maximum temperature, evening relative humidity and rainfall while the negative effect was observed with minimum temperature and moming relative humidity in dough stage. In maturity stage the population was negatively influenced by maximum temperature, wind velocity and rainfall.
PRICE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PRODUCTS IN TAMIL NADU
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, T.R SHANMUGAM , D SURESH KUMAR ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

The present study examined the supply-price response of poultry products. The objectives of the study are (i) to work out the economics of production of layer and broiler farming and (ii) to analyse the supply-price response of poultry products. In order to fulfil the objectives, 50 layer farms and 50 broiler farms in Salem district of Tamil Nadu were selected randomly and studied. Time-series data on supply of egg and poultry meat, price of egg and chicken were collected for the district from 1971-1990 and analysed. Cobb-Douglas type of function was employed to analyse the supply-price response of poultry products. It is evident from the study that the production of layer was economically profitable than the broiler production. Price of egg significantly influenced the egg supply. The egg supply was price elastic and supported the neo-classical theory of supply. Similarly, the broiler supply is also own-price elastic and significantly influenced by price of broiler. It is lucid from the study that the joint product clasticity of poultry products was positive and elastic. Enough efforts must be made to fix remunerative prices of poultry products as it will hasten the growth and development of poultry sector.
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN GARDENLAND CROPPING SYSTEM
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, L ARUNACHALAM , B HABEEBULLAH ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

An experiment on the integrated nutrient management in gardenland cropping system was conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The study revealed that cropping systems viz., Ragi (cotton + greengram) (sorghum + cowpea) (C4)and Ragi-cowpea-maize (fodder) (wheat + coriander) (C3) recorded the highest dry matter production of 23393 and 18871 and 6927 and 40267 kg/ha. Highest economic returns were obtained in the C4 cropping system which gave RS. 20710 and Rs. 21212 per hectare in the two years. Nutrient uptake pattern was found to follow the same trend as that of the dry matter production. Based on the post-harvest soil analysis, it was observed that the soil fertility status was not altered due to various cropping systems, if the crops included in the cropping systems were supplied with 100% recommended N.P and K to all the crops based on the soil test values.
CETOACIDOSE DIABÉTICA: FISIOPATOLOGIA E MANEJO EMERGENCIAL
Authors: Santos Leticia Brito dos , Brito Vitoria carollyne tavares silva
Published: August 2023

A cetoacidose diabética representa uma complicação do diabetes mellitus, que se manifesta com aumento da glicemia, cetose e acidose metabólica. A condição resulta da carência de insulina e é mais comu
Aspectos gerais da exposição ao mercúrio
Authors: Azevedo Joelcimara Érika Lobato , Rego Raissa Vasconcelos , Munduruku Erivaldo Yori , Sousa Nicole de
Published: August 2023

Neste capítulo, você irá aprender os aspectos gerais relacionados à exposição por mercúrio, tais como: o que é, suas formas químicas, fontes de emissão e os tipos de
exposição. O objetivo desse capítulo foi possibilitar que as pessoas conheçam as formas de Hg que poluem o ambiente e reconheçam as principais fontes de Hg que podem provocar a exposição humana a esse metal e causar danos à saúde humana.
Exposição mercurial humana
Authors: Azevedo Joelcimara Érika Lobato , Santos Moniky Rayanne Silva dos , Farias Marcela Poenna de Sousa , Mota Amanda Luyta Monteiro da , Santos Suelen Souza dos
Published: August 2023

Neste capítulo, você vai conhecer alguns aspectos relacionados aos danos que o Hg causa à saúde, os níveis aceitáveis de Hg no corpo humano, o metabolismo do Hg, os primeiros sinais e sintomas da exposição mercurial, e o grupo que é mais vulnerável à exposição.
O capítulo apresenta as formas de reconhecer possíveis sinais e sintomas da exposição mercurial em humanos, para que em caso da apresentação de alguns dos sinais e sintomas descritos no capítulo, de forma recorrente e intensa, o indivíduo deve procurar a Unidade Básica de Saúde mais próxima e buscar o atendimento deum profissional de saúde
para a realização de exames e orientação sobre os
cuidados necessários.