bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Status Quo Bias in Choice Experiments
Authors: Bonnichsen Ole , Ladenburg Jacob
Published: April 2015

To secure the validity and applicability of stated preference measures in economic analysis, hypothetical preferences must mimic real life preferences. For instance, people have a propensity to prefer what they already have when presented with alternatives that, all things being equal, seem to be superior, i.e. a status quo effect. However, in the stated preference literature, the tendency to choose the alternative representing the status quo situation seems to exceed real life status quo effects. Accordingly, status quo bias can be a problem. In the Choice Experiment literature, status quo bias is found to be a function of protest attitudes concerning the payment of the hypothetical good. In a split sample framework we test an ex-ante entreaty aimed at reducing payment based protest attitudes. We find that the entreaty reduces status quo bias and improves the internal validity of stated preferences in our data based on Swedish ostomates’ preferences for ostomy pouch quality changes. Published: Online January 2015. In print December 2015.
Wrinkling Behaviour of Annular Graphynes under Circular Shearing Load Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Tian Yanling , Li Zheng , Cai Kunhai
Published: April 2015

Graphyne, a novel carbon allotrope, is a two-dimensional lattice of sp2+ sp1 hybridization-type carbon atoms, similar to graphene. The initiation and development of wrinkles in single-layer graphynes ( α-, β-, γ-, and 6, 6, 12-graphyne) subjected to in-plane circular shearing are investigated. In comparison with graphene, wrinkle pattern and profile characterization in relation to wave number, wavelength and amplitude of graphynes are extensively explored using classic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. Unlike graphene, the wave numbers of graphynes increase with increasing rotational angles; the wavelengths reduce correspondingly. The amplitudes show an increasing trend, with some local drops when the rotational angles increase. The drops occur as the positions of the wave numbers increase. Graphynes have superior fracture properties to graphene, despite the densities of graphynes being far lower. The fracture rotational angles depend on the percentages of acetylenic linkages in the graphyne structures: the more acetylenic linkages, the larger the fracture rotational angles. Meanwhile, acetylenic linkages also affect the bond length strains of the graphynes during the wrinkling process. The influences of the temperature on the fracture rotational angles are also examined to obtain further insights into the mechanical properties of such kinds of carbon allotropes. The achieved results can be used as guidelines for the wrinkling control and potential applications of graphynes.
El pensamiento especulativo en clave contemporánea: Hegel y la filosofía de la diferencia
Authors: Cadahia María Luciana
Published: April 2015

En este artículo elaboraremos un examen riguroso sobre el supuesto antagonismo entre la llamada filosofía de la identidad y la filosofía de la diferencia.  El interrogante que estará a la base de todo nuestro escrito será el siguiente: si definimos la estrategia del pensamiento de la diferencia como el intento de distinguir a un elemento de sí mismo y hacerlo devenir en un proceso de diferenciación, ¿este movimiento no tiene grandes afinidades con la lógica especulativa, puesto que la noción reflexiva de diferencia que plantea Hegel posibilita una salida de la identidad criticada por el pensamiento de la diferencia?
Desbordamientos y viaje hacia la izquierda. Prehistoria del movimiento 15M: De #nolesvotes a Democracia Real Ya
Authors: Razquin Mangado Adriana
Published: April 2015

Este artículo tiene la misión de arrojar cierta nitidez sobre quiénes son los agentes, cuáles las organizaciones, las sinergias y encuentros que sostuvieron lo que podemos denominar prehistoria del movimiento 15M. Exponemos un sistema explicativo de la gestación de este movimiento popular estructurado sobre cuatro desbordamientos (de participantes y de ideas fuerza) y tres bloques centrales que alimentaron la plataforma Democracia Real Ya: #Nolesvotes, Coordinadora Ciudadana y Juventud Sin Futuro.
Jano en la penumbra. Aporías de la noción de voluntad de poder en la teoría nietzscheana del conocimiento
Authors: Llorente Cardo Jaime
Published: April 2015

Resumen: El propósito del presente estudio es mostrar las inconsistencias internas que se derivan de la teoría nietzscheana de la voluntad de poder, tal como ésta es formulada desde una perspectiva epistemológica y ontológica. Mientras conforme a las posiciones epistemológicas asumidas por Nietzsche, la voluntad de poder como conocimiento coagula y solidifica el flujo del devenir por razones vitalmente pragmáticas, desde el punto de vista de su ontología, tal devenir constituye la auténtica esencia de la realidad en cuanto voluntad de poder.
NIETO BLANCO, Carlos: La religión contingente, Nobel, Oviedo, 2013.
Authors: Novella Suarez Jorge Benito
Published: April 2015

Reseña de NIETO BLANCO, Carlos: La religión contingente, Nobel, Oviedo, 2013.
MEDINA DOMÉNECH, Rosa María: Ciencia y sabiduría del amor. Una historia cultural del franquismo (1940-1960), Madrid/ Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2013.
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: April 2015

Reseña del libro MEDINA DOMÉNECH, Rosa María: Ciencia y sabiduría del amor. Una historia cultural del franquismo (1940-1960), Madrid/ Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2013, 276 págs.
Los feminismos de Spinoza: corporalidad y renaturalización
Authors: Balza Múgica Isabel
Published: April 2015

La corporalidad es pensada en el feminismo contemporáneo como el ámbito que permite articular un nuevo modo de la comunidad política, invirtiendo así el paradigma liberal al poner el acento sobre la materialidad y carnalidad de los sujetos, aquello considerado “impersonal” por la tradición liberal. En este trabajo analizo las condiciones éticas y ontológicas necesarias para enunciar tal modo del orden político. Ello a partir de las propuestas de autoras como Moira Gatens, Elizabeth Grosz, Rosi Braidotti o Hasana Sharp, que han llevado a cabo una interpretación de la filosofía de Spinoza en clave feminista.
Resistencia no violenta para una sociedad igualitaria y sostenible: el pensamiento de Petra Kelly.
Authors: Velasco Sesma Angélica
Published: April 2015

El problema de la guerra y de la violencia ha sido tratado por la ética desde diversos enfoques. Desde una postura pacifista, Petra Kelly ha señalado que este problema está estrechamente relacionado con la degradación ambiental, la violación de los derechos humanos, el aumento de la injusticia en el mundo y la desigualdad entre los sexos. El análisis que realiza de estos fenómenos, así como sus propuestas ético-políticas, nos proveen de elementos valiosos a la hora de trabajar por la justicia social, la igualdad y la sostenibilidad.
Entre Arendt y Zerilli: algunas observaciones sobre el concepto de entre
Authors: Straehle Edgar Wilfried
Published: April 2015

Este artículo comenta la importancia creciente que posee una categoría como la de espacio para comprender mejor la historia política, especialmente la de las mujeres, y analiza el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt desde una óptica espacial para ver cómo su concepción de la política gravita en gran medida sobre conceptos como los de mundo y entre. Asimismo se examina la lectura que Linda Zerilli hace de Arendt para mostrar cómo sus reflexiones pueden ser provechosas para una práctica del feminismo fundada sobre todo en la idea de libertad y en la construcción-de-mundo.
Feminismo Xicana
Authors: Lópiz Cantó Pablo
Published: April 2015

El presente artículo analiza el pensamiento feminista desarrollado por las mujeres Chicanas desde 1960. Las escritoras feministas chicanas han escrito mucho acerca de la condición de las mujeres en sus comunidades y de las luchas en las que están, pero a menudo sus escritos y teorías no han sido consideradas filosofía. Este artículo provee razones para defender la importancia de la perspectiva chicana para las investigaciones feministas.
A surface layer variance heat budget for ENSO
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Timmermann Axel , Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Balmaseda Magdalena A.
Published: April 2015

Characteristics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), such as frequency, propagation, spatial extent, and amplitude, strongly depend on the climatological background state of the tropical Pacific. Multidecadal changes in the ocean mean state are hence likely to modulate ENSO properties. To better link background state variations with low‐frequency amplitude changes of ENSO, we develop a diagnostic framework that determines locally the contributions of different physical feedback terms on the ocean surface temperature variance. Our analysis shows that multidecadal changes of ENSO variance originate from the delicate balance between the background‐state‐dependent positive thermocline feedback and the atmospheric damping of sea surface temperatures anomalies. The role of higher‐order processes and atmospheric and oceanic nonlinearities is also discussed. The diagnostic tool developed here can be easily applied to other tropical ocean areas and climate phenomena.
Mechanical Switching of Nanoscale Multiferroic Phase Boundaries
Authors: Li Yong‐Jun , Wang Jian‐Jun , Ye Jian‐Chao , Ke Xiao‐Xing , Gou Gao‐Yang , Wei Yan , Xue Fei , Wang Jing , Wang Chuan‐Shou , Peng Ren‐Ci , Deng Xu‐Liang , Yang Yong , Ren Xiao‐Bing , Chen Long‐Qing , Nan Ce‐Wen , Zhang Jin‐Xing
Published: April 2015

Tuning the lattice degree of freedom in nanoscale functional crystals is critical to exploit the emerging functionalities such as piezoelectricity, shape‐memory effect, or piezomagnetism, which are attributed to the intrinsic lattice‐polar or lattice‐spin coupling. Here it is reported that a mechanical probe can be a dynamic tool to switch the ferroic orders at the nanoscale multiferroic phase boundaries in BiFeO3 with a phase mixture, where the material can be reversibly transformed between the “soft” tetragonal‐like and the “hard” rhombohedral‐like structures. The microscopic origin of the nonvolatile mechanical switching of the multiferroic phase boundaries, coupled with a reversible 180° rotation of the in‐plane ferroelectric polarization, is the nanoscale pressure‐induced elastic deformation and reconstruction of the spontaneous strain gradient across the multiferroic phase boundaries. The reversible control of the room‐temperature multiple ferroic orders using a pure mechanical stimulus may bring us a new pathway to achieve the potential energy conversion and sensing applications.
Epitaxial PbZrxTi1−xO3 Ferroelectric Bilayers with Giant Electromechanical Properties
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Hui , Zhang Qi , Huang Esther , Maran Ronald , Sakata Osami , Ehara Yoshitaka , Shiraishi Takahisa , Funakubo Hiroshi , Munroe Paul , Valanoor Nagarajan
Published: April 2015

Giant electromechanical response viaferroelastic domain switching is achieved in epitaxial (001) ferroelectric tetragonal (T) PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3/rhombohedral (R) PbZr0.55Ti0.45O3 bilayers, grown on La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 buffered SrTiO3 substrates. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the domain structure of the T films is tuned as a function of its thickness, from a fully a1/a2‐domains (30 nm thick T layer) to a three domain stress‐free c/a1/c/a2 polytwin state (100 nm thick T layer). A large switchable polarization is found up to 65 μC cm−2. Quantitative piezoelectric force microscopy reveals enhanced piezoelectric coefficients, with d33 coefficients ranging from 250 to 350 pm V−1, which is up to seven times higher than the nominal PbZrxTi1−xO3 thin film values. These are attributed to the motion of nanoscale ferroelastic domains. Fatigue testing proves that these domains are reversible and repeatable up to 107 cycles. In‐situ X‐ray synchrotron measurements reveal that the ferroelastic domain switching is promoted by a pulsating strain effect imposed by the R layer. The study reports a fundamental understanding of the origin of giant piezoelectric coefficients in epitaxial ferroelectric bilayers.
Failure to detect human papillomavirus in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
Authors: Shapiro Kevin A. , McGuone Declan , Deshpande Vikram , Sadow Peter M. , Stemmer‐Rachamimov Anat , Staley Kevin J.
Published: April 2015

Objective

Recent studies have reported evidence of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) in a very high proportion of pathological specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, but not in control specimens, motivating the proposal that viral infection during fetal development may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasias. However, the significance of the association between HPV infection and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, and its reproducibility across surgical centers, remain unclear. Here we sought evidence for HPV‐16 in an independent cohort of surgical specimens.

Methods

We identified 14 specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb from a single surgical center between 1995 and 2013. Multiple methods were used to establish presence or absence of HPV, including DNA polymerase chain reaction, conventional in situ hybridization, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for p16.

Results

We found no conclusive evidence of HPV in any of the specimens. All but 1 of the cases were negative by >1 method.

Interpretation

These results raise questions about the prevalence of HPV infection in focal cortical dysplasias and about its potential importance as a causative agent. Ann Neurol 2015;78:63–67
Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All‐Organic Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Wei Xiaoliang , Xu Wu , Huang Jinhua , Zhang Lu , Walter Eric , Lawrence Chad , Vijayakumar M. , Henderson Wesley A. , Liu Tianbiao , Cosimbescu Lelia , Li Bin , Sprenkle Vincent , Wang Wei
Published: April 2015

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries hold the promise of achieving higher energy density because of the broader voltage window than aqueous systems, but their current performance is limited by low redox material concentration, cell efficiency, cycling stability, and current density. We report a new nonaqueous all‐organic flow battery based on high concentrations of redox materials, which shows significant, comprehensive improvement in flow battery performance. A mechanistic electron spin resonance study reveals that the choice of supporting electrolytes greatly affects the chemical stability of the charged radical species especially the negative side radical anion, which dominates the cycling stability of these flow cells. This finding not only increases our fundamental understanding of performance degradation in flow batteries using radical‐based redox species, but also offers insights toward rational electrolyte optimization for improving the cycling stability of these flow batteries.
Hydroxy‐dirigierte, Fluorid‐katalysierte Epoxid‐Hydrosilylierung zur Synthese von 1,4‐Diolen
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Funken Nico , Winterscheid Peter , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: April 2015

Eine neue, regioselektive, Fluorid‐katalysierte Hydrosilylierung von β‐Epoxyalkoholen wird vorgestellt. Die Reaktion ist modular und in der Synthese von 1,4‐Diolen breit anwendbar. Fluorid ist für diese Reaktion aus zwei Gründen unabdingbar: Erstens fördert es die Bildung eines Silylethers (der eine Si‐H‐Bindung beinhaltet), zweitens ermöglicht es die Ringöffnung durch eine intramolekulare SN2‐Reaktion durch Aktivierung des Silans. Die Reaktion kann an der Luft durchgeführt werden.
On‐Demand Ambient Ionization of Picoliter Samples Using Charge Pulses
Authors: Li Anyin , Hollerbach Adam , Luo Qingjie , Cooks R. Graham
Published: April 2015

Relay electrospray ionization (rESI) from a capillary containing a sample solution (or from an array of such capillaries) is triggered by charge deposition onto the capillary. Suitable sources of primary ions, besides electrosprays, are plasma ion and piezoelectric discharge plasma sources. With no requirement for physical contact, high‐throughput sample screening is enabled by rapidly addressing individual secondary (sample) capillaries. Sub‐pL sample volumes can be loaded and sprayed. Polar analytes, including neurotransmitters, phosphopeptides, oligonucleotides, illicit drugs, and pharmaceutical compounds are successfully ionized by rESI with concentration sensitivities (0.1 ppb for acetylcholine) which are similar to nanoESI but absolute sensitivities are orders of magnitude better. Nonpolar analytes (steroids, alkynes) are ionized by rESI using an open‐tube secondary capillary and injecting electrolytically generated metal cations from the primary electrospray.
Three‐body problem periodic orbits with vanishing angular momentum
Authors: Titov V.
Published: April 2015

Periodic solutions of the general three‐body problem are investigated in the shape space. Two different solutions are considered: the first is an extension of the well‐known figure‐eight orbit, and the second one is from the free‐fall problem. Using the shape space, we reduce the dimension of the problem. These orbits are obtained numerically and described on the Euclidean plane and on the shape sphere. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radio emission at 1.4 GHz from luminous compact galaxies
Authors: Parnovsky S. L. , Izotova I. Y.
Published: April 2015

We analyse the properties of the 1.4 GHz continuum emission in 52 star‐forming compact luminous galaxies (LCGs). The fluxes of the 1.4 GHz thermal (free‐free) component are derived from the extinction‐ and aperture‐corrected fluxes of the Hα emission line. The fraction of the thermal 1.4 GHz emission is shown tobe in the range of 2–52 % with a median value of about 15–17 %, and its distribution is close to a log‐normal one. Both the thermal and non‐thermal radio continuum luminosities are shown to be proportional to the masses of the young stellar population of the LCGs. We discuss the approximation of the ratio of the 1.4 GHz luminosity‐to‐the mass of the young stellar population as a function of starburst age. The derived approximation is shown to be similar but less clearly defined compared to ones obtained previously for LCGs from their Hα and UV continuum luminosities. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Life cycle environmental sustainability of lignocellulosic ethanol produced in integrated thermo‐chemical biorefineries
Authors: Jeswani Harish K. , Falano Temitope , Azapagic Adisa
Published: April 2015

There is a growing interest in producing biofuels and bio‐chemicals from lignocellulosic feedstocks in integrated biorefineries. However, the sustainability implications of integrated biorefineries are still poorly understood. Using a life cycle approach, this paper examines environmental impacts of second‐generation ethanol produced in thermo‐chemical refineries together with chemicals and energy. Four feedstocks are considered: wheat straw, poplar, Miscanthus and forest residue. The results suggest that the production of ethanol from these feedstocks offers significant savings in eight out of 12 environmental impacts when the system is credited for the avoided impacts from producing the co‐products from fossil resources. Ethanol from forest residue is the best and wheat straw the worst option for most impacts. Land use change has a significant effect on the global warming potential (GWP) of ethanol. For example, conversion of forest to grow Miscanthus increases the GWP from –234 to 6685 g CO2 eq./l of ethanol. The effect is opposite when grassland is converted to grow poplar: the GWP is reduced by two times because of carbon sequestration by poplar. The thermo‐chemical route for producing ethanol from poplar and forest residue is more sustainable for most impacts than the bio‐chemical conversion with the same feedstocks. Although ethanol saves up to 83% of GHG emissions per MJ of fuel compared to petrol, the savings are much smaller (~3%) for current ethanol blends of 5%. Therefore, unless a much higher proportion of ethanol was used, the contribution of second‐generation ethanol to climate change mitigation would be small. © 2015 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for n‐butanol production through co‐utilization of glucose and xylose
Authors: Yu Le , Xu Mengmeng , Tang I‐Ching , Yang Shang‐Tian
Published: April 2015

The glucose‐mediated carbon catabolite repression (CCR) in Clostridium tyrobutyricum impedes efficient utilization of xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates. In order to relieve the CCR and enhance xylose utilization, three genes (xylT, xylA, and xylB) encoding a xylose proton‐symporter, a xylose isomerase and a xylulokinase, respectively, from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 were co‐overexpressed with aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE2) in C. tyrobutyricum (Δack). Compared to the strain Ct(Δack)‐pM2 expressing only adhE2, the mutant Ct(Δack)‐pTBA had a higher xylose uptake rate and was able to simultaneously consume glucose and xylose at comparable rates for butanol production. Ct(Δack)‐pTBA produced more butanol (12.0 vs. 3.2 g/L) with a higher butanol yield (0.12 vs. 0.07 g/g) and productivity (0.17 vs. 0.07 g/L · h) from both glucose and xylose, while Ct(Δack)‐pM2 consumed little xylose in the fermentation. The results confirmed that the CCR in C. tyrobutyricum could be overcome through overexpressing xylT, xylA, and xylB. The mutant was also able to co‐utilize glucose and xylose present in soybean hull hydrolysate (SHH) for butanol production, achieving a high butanol titer of 15.7 g/L, butanol yield of 0.24 g/g, and productivity of 0.29 g/L · h. This study demonstrated the potential application of Ct(Δack)‐pTBA for industrial biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2134–2141. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
More similar than different: Host cell protein production using three null CHO cell lines
Authors: Yuk Inn H. , Nishihara Julie , Walker Jr Donald , Huang Eric , Gunawan Feny , Subramanian Jayashree , Pynn Abigail F.J. , Yu X.Christopher , Zhu‐Shimoni Judith , Vanderlaan Martin , Krawitz Denise C.
Published: April 2015

To understand the diversity in the cell culture harvest (i.e., feedstock) provided for downstream processing, we compared host cell protein (HCP) profiles using three Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines in null runs which did not generate any recombinant product. Despite differences in CHO lineage, upstream process, and culture performance, the cell lines yielded similar cell‐specific productivities for immunogenic HCPs. To compare the dynamics of HCP production, we searched for correlations between the time‐course profiles of HCP (as measured by multi‐analyte ELISA) and those of two intracellular HCP species, phospholipase B‐like 2 (PLBL2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Across the cell lines, proteins in the day 14 supernatants analyzed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) showed different spot patterns. However, subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) indicated otherwise: the total number of peptides and proteins identified were comparable, and 80% of the top 1,000 proteins identified were common to all three lines. Finally, to assess the impact of culture viability on extracellular HCP profiles, we analyzed supernatants from a cell line whose viability dropped after day 10. The amounts of HCP and PLBL2 (quantified by their respective ELISAs) as well as the numbers and major populations of HCPs (identified by LC‐MS/MS) were similar across days 10, 14, and 17, during which viabilities declined from ∼80% to <20% and extracellular LDH levels increased several‐fold. Our findings indicate that the CHO‐derived HCPs in the feedstock for downstream processing may not be as diverse across cell lines and upstream processes, or change as dramatically upon viability decline as originally expected. In addition, our findings show that high density CHO cultures (>107 cells/mL)—operated in fed‐batch mode and exhibiting high viabilities (>70%) throughout the culture duration—can accumulate a considerable amount of immunogenic HCP (∼1–2 g/L) in the extracellular environment at the time of harvest (day 14). This work also demonstrates the potential of using LC‐MS/MS to overcome the limitations associated with ELISA and 2D‐PAGE for HCP analysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2068–2083. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interlinked population balance and cybernetic models for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of natural polymers
Authors: Ho Yong Kuen , Doshi Pankaj , Yeoh Hak Koon , Ngoh Gek Cheng
Published: April 2015

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) is a process where microbes have to first excrete extracellular enzymes to break polymeric substrates such as starch or cellulose into edible nutrients, followed by in situ conversion of those nutrients into more valuable metabolites via fermentation. As such, SSF is very attractive as a one‐pot synthesis method of biological products. However, due to the co‐existence of multiple biochemical steps, modeling SSF faces two major challenges. The first is to capture the successive chain‐end and/or random scission of the polymeric substrates over time, which determines the rate of generation of various fermentable substrates. The second is to incorporate the response of microbes, including their preferential substrate utilization, to such a complex broth. Each of the above‐mentioned challenges has manifested itself in many related areas, and has been competently but separately attacked with two diametrically different tools, i.e., the Population Balance Modeling (PBM) and the Cybernetic Modeling (CM), respectively. To date, they have yet to be applied in unison on SSF resulting in a general inadequacy or haphazard approaches to examine the dynamics and interactions of depolymerization and fermentation. To overcome this unsatisfactory state of affairs, here, the general linkage between PBM and CM is established to model SSF. A notable feature is the flexible linkage, which allows the individual PBM and CM models to be independently modified to the desired levels of detail. A more general treatment of the secretion of extracellular enzyme is also proposed in the CM model. Through a case study on the growth of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of excreting a chain‐end scission enzyme (glucoamylase) on starch, the interlinked model calibrated using data from the literature (Nakamura et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 53:21‐25, 1997), captured features not attainable by existing approaches. In particular, the effect of various enzymatic actions on the temporal evolution of the polymer distribution and how the microbes respond to the diverse polymeric environment can be studied through this framework. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2084–2105. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enforced ATP futile cycling increases specific productivity and yield of anaerobic lactate production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hädicke Oliver , Bettenbrock Katja , Klamt Steffen
Published: April 2015

The manipulation of cofactor pools such as ATP or NAD(P)H has for long been recognized as key targets for metabolic engineering of microorganisms to improve yields and productivities of biotechnological processes. Several works in the past have shown that enforcing ATP futile cycling may enhance the synthesis of certain products under aerobic conditions. However, case studies demonstrating that ATP wasting may also have beneficial effects for anaerobic production processes are scarce. Taking lactic acid as an economically relevant product, we demonstrate that induction of ATP futile cycling in Escherichia coli leads to increased yields and specific production rates under anaerobic conditions, even in the case where lactate is already produced with high yields. Specifically, we constructed a high lactate producer strain KBM10111 (= MG1655 ΔadhE::Cam ΔackA‐pta) and implemented an IPTG‐inducible overexpression of ppsA encoding for PEP synthase which, together with pyruvate kinase, gives rise to an ATP consuming cycle. Under induction of ppsA, KBM10111 exhibits a 25% higher specific lactate productivity as well as an 8% higher lactate yield. Furthermore, the specific substrate uptake rate was increased by 14%. However, trade‐offs between specific and volumetric productivities must be considered when ATP wasting strategies are used to shift substrate conversion from biomass to product synthesis and we discuss potential solutions to design optimal processes. In summary, enforced ATP futile cycling has great potential to optimize a variety of production processes and our study demonstrates that this holds true also for anaerobic processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2195–2199. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Take steps to protect against concussion liability beyond athletics
Authors: Sawyer Justin C.
Published: April 2015

Lawsuits and media coverage have brought greater attention to concussion prevention and treatment in contact sports. But not all concussions occur in competitive sports. And the proper response plan, regardless of how the concussion occurred, can extend to the classroom.
Sparse canonical correlation analysis applied to ‐omics studies for integrative analysis and biomarker discovery
Authors: Cao Dong‐Sheng , Liu Shao , Zeng Wen‐Bin , Liang Yi‐Zeng
Published: April 2015

With the rapid development of new ‐omics measurement methods, there is an increasing interest in studying the correlation structure between two or more data sets. Multivariate methods such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) have been proposed to analyze the intrinsic correlation relationship by integrating two data sets. However, because of the high dimensionality of data and the relative scarcity of samples, the ordinary CCA is usually faced with variable selection problems and thereby fails to obtain a satisfactory relationship. Here, we explored the potential of sparse CCA (SCCA) to find the correlative components in two sparse views. SCCA aims at finding sparse projection directions to well extract the correlation between two data sets. We applied this method to one simulation data and one real ‐omics data to illustrate the performance of SCCA. The results from two studies show that SCCA could effectively find the correlated patterns between two data sets, which are of high importance for understanding the relationship between two underlying chemical or biological processes. The corresponding variable subsets selected by sparse weight vectors can assist in a better interpretation of the chemical or biological process. The integrative analysis from two views by SCCA helps in improving the discriminative ability of classification models for various ‐omics studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apolar Bimesogens and the Incidence of the Twist–Bend Nematic Phase
Authors: Mandle Richard J. , Davis Edward J. , Archbold Craig T. , Voll Constantin C. A. , Andrews Jessica L. , Cowling Stephen J. , Goodby John W.
Published: April 2015

The nematic twist–bend phase (NTB) was, until recently, only observed for polar mesogenic dimers, trimers or bent‐core compounds. In this article, we report a comprehensive study on novel apolar materials that also exhibit NTB phases. The NTB phase was observed for materials containing phenyl, cyclohexyl or bicyclooctyl rings in their rigid‐core units. However, for materials with long (>C7) terminal chains or mesogenic core units comprising three ring units, the NTB phase was not observed and instead the materials exhibited smectic phases. One compound was found to exhibit a transition from the NTB phase to an anticlinic smectic C phase; this is the first example of this polymorphism. Incorporation of lateral substitution with respect to the central core unit led to reductions in transition temperatures; however, the NTB phase was still found to occur. Conversely, utilising branched terminal groups rendered the materials non‐mesogenic. Overall, it appears that it is the gross molecular topology that drives the incidence of the NTB phase rather than simple dipolar considerations. Furthermore, dimers lacking any polar groups, which were prepared to test this hypothesis, were found to be non mesogenic, indicating that at the extremes of polarity these effects can dominate over topology.
Substituted Tetraaza‐ and Hexaazahexacenes and their N,N′‐Dihydro Derivatives: Syntheses, Properties, and Structures
Authors: Engelhart Jens U. , Lindner Benjamin D. , Schaffroth Manuel , Schrempp David , Tverskoy Olena , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: April 2015

The palladium‐catalyzed coupling of a substituted o‐diaminoanthracene and a substituted o‐diaminophenazine to substituted 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines furnishes 10 differently substituted N,N′‐dihydrotetraaza‐ or ‐hexaazahexacenes with the quinoxaline group of the azaacenes carrying fluorine, chlorine, or nitro groups. The N,N′‐dihydrotetraazahexacenes with hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine subtituents are oxidized to azaacenes, whereas only the parent N,N′‐dihydrohexaazahexacenes, with hydrogen substituents, are oxidized by MnO2. The resultant azaacenes are characterized by their optical and spectroscopic data. In addition, single‐crystal X‐ray structures have been obtained for the parent tetraazahexacenes and their difluoro‐substituted derivatives. The di‐ and tetrachloro derivatives of the N,N′‐dihydrohexaazahexacene have also been structurally characterized.
Highly Stereoselective β‐Mannopyranosylation via the 1‐α‐Glycosyloxy‐isochromenylium‐4‐gold(I) Intermediates
Authors: Zhu Yugen , Yu Biao
Published: April 2015

While the gold(I)‐catalyzed glycosylation reaction with 4,6‐O‐benzylidene tethered mannosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoates as donors falls squarely into the category of the Crich‐type β‐selective mannosylation when Ph3PAuOTf is used as the catalyst, in that the mannosyl α‐triflates are invoked, replacement of the −OTf in the gold(I) complex with less nucleophilic counter anions (i.e., −NTf2, −SbF6, −BF4, and −BAr4F) leads to complete loss of β‐selectivity with the mannosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoate β‐donors. Nevertheless, with the α‐donors, the mannosylation reactions under the catalysis of Ph3PAuBAr4F (BAr4F=tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) are especially highly β‐selective and accommodate a broad scope of substrates; these include glycosylation with mannosyl donors installed with a bulky TBS group at O3, donors bearing 4,6‐di‐O‐benzoyl groups, and acceptors known as sterically unmatched or hindered. For the ortho‐alkynylbenzoate β‐donors, an anomerization and glycosylation sequence can also ensure the highly β‐selective mannosylation. The 1‐α‐mannosyloxy‐isochromenylium‐4‐gold(I) complex (Cα), readily generated upon activation of the α‐mannosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoate (1 α) with Ph3PAuBAr4F at −35 °C, was well characterized by NMR spectroscopy; the occurrence of this species accounts for the high β‐selectivity in the present mannosylation.
Towards Norcorrin: Hydrogenation Chemistry and the Heterodimerization of Nickel(II) Norcorrole
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Xiaofang , Stępień Marcin , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: April 2015

5,14‐Dimesitylnorcorrolatonickel(II) was hydrogenated under mild conditions (room temperature, 1 atm H2, THF solution, 5 min.) in the presence of Raney nickel to yield nonaromatic derivatives that were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, HRMS, cyclic voltammetry, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The major hydrogenation product, 1,2,3,7,8,9‐hexahydronorcorrolatonickel(II), underwent dimerization in the presence of p‐chloranil to give a nonsymmetrically linked 2,3′‐bis(norcorrole) system that can adopt eight different oxidation states over a redox potential window of 3 V and has a HOMO–LUMO gap of 0.92 V.
Practical Iron‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions between N‐Heterocyclic Halides and Aryl or Heteroaryl Magnesium Reagents
Authors: Kuzmina Olesya M. , Steib Andreas K. , Fernandez Sarah , Boudot Willy , Markiewicz John T. , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2015

The reaction scope of iron‐ and cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions in the presence of isoquinoline (quinoline) in the solvent mixture tBuOMe/THF has been further investigated. Various 2‐halogenated pyridine, pyrimidine, and triazine derivatives were arylated under these mild conditions in excellent yields. The presence of isoquinoline allows us to perform Fe‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions between 6‐chloroquinoline and aryl magnesium reagents. Furthermore, it was found that the use of 10 % N,N‐dimethylquinoline‐8‐amine increases the yields of some Co‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with chloropyridines bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents.
Photoemission Studies on N‐Substituted Dithienylated Phenothiazines
Authors: Fingerle Mathias , Hemgesberg Maximilian , Schmitt Yvonne , Lach Stefan , Gerhards Markus , Thiel Werner R. , Ziegler Christiane
Published: April 2015

Dithienylated phenothiazines (DTPTs) with different functional groups attached to the central nitrogen atom are presented as a class of versatile metal‐free chromophores for the design of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electronic characteristics of spin‐coated thin films on polycrystalline gold were studied using photoelectron spectroscopy assisted by theoretical calculations, scanning force microscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Complementary fluorescence spectra show light emission in the blue region (465 nm). The absorption properties and good hole‐transporting abilities make DTPTs feasible hole‐transporting materials (HTM) and metal‐free chromophores in UV‐sensitive solar cell designs.
Dispersion of Synthetic MoS2 Flakes and Their Spontaneous Adsorption on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Hata Kenji , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2015

Noncovalent interactions play a critical, but not yet understood, role in enhancing the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube composites. We herein report the dispersion of synthetic MoS2 flakes and their self‐assembly with single‐walled carbon nanotubes via in‐plane and multipoint S–π interactions. The hybridization of MoS2 and carbon nanotubes leads to improved electrical and thermoelectric transport, and resulted in a tenfold enhancement of the thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit of nanotube‐based films. The present technique could contribute to advancing the flexible energy materials that harvest abundant waste heat.
[n]‐Oligourea‐Based Green Sorbents with Enhanced CO2 Sorption Capacity
Authors: Qaroush Abdussalam K. , Castillo‐Molina Dante A. , Troll Carsten , Abu‐Daabes Malyuba A. , Alsyouri Hatem M. , Abu‐Surrah Adnan S. , Rieger Bernhard
Published: April 2015

A new series of [n]‐oligoureas ([n]‐OUs, n=4, 7, 10, and 12) green solid sorbents was prepared following a base‐catalyzed, microwave‐assisted oligomerization reaction. The materials were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and XRD. Decomposition temperatures at 50 % weight loss (Td50) were ca. 350 °C for all oligomers. Urea and urethane functional groups indicated by IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the sorbent. The CO2 capturing capacities were determined at 35 °C and 1.0 bar (gravimetric method). Accordingly, [10]‐OU had the highest CO2 sorption capacity among the others (18.90 and 22.70 mg gsorbent−1) at two different activation temperatures (60 or 100 °C, respectively). Chemisorption was the principal mechanism for CO2 capture. Cyclic CO2 sorption/desorption measurements were carried out to test the recyclability of [10]‐OU. Activating the sample at 60 °C, three stable CO2 sorption cycles were achieved after running the first cycle.
Address growing psychiatric issues among student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2015

Imagine receiving a call from a coach about a student‐athlete talking about harming himself or others, or a student‐athlete who is registered with your office and receiving accommodations seeming depressed or anxious. If you know or suspect a student‐athlete has a psychological issue, do you ignore it or reach out?
Review court ruling on captioning at university football stadium, basketball arena and on athletics websites
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: April 2015

A Maryland federal court held that it would not be a fundamental alteration for a university to provide captioning at football stadiums and basketball arenas, and on athletic websites, but that factual issues existed as to whether providing captioning would be an undue burden on the university. Innes v. The Board of Regents of the University System of Maryland, Civil Action No. DKC 13‐2800, will now go to trial.
Early neural ectodermal genes are activated by siamois and twin during blastula stages
Authors: Klein Steven L. , Moody Sally A.
Published: April 2015

BMP signaling distinguishes between neural and non‐neural fates by activating epidermis‐specific transcription and repressing neural‐specific transcription. The neural ectoderm forms after the Organizer secrets antagonists that prevent these BMP‐mediated activities. However, it is not known whether neural genes also are transcriptionally activated. Therefore, we tested the ability of nine Organizer transcription factors to ectopically induce the expression of four neural ectodermal genes in epidermal precursors. We found evidence for two pathways: Foxd4 and Sox11 were only induced by Sia and Twn, whereas Gmnn and Zic2 were induced by Sia, Twn, as well as seven other Organizer transcription factors. The induction of Foxd4, Gmnn and Zic2 by Sia/Twn was both non‐cell autonomous (requiring an intermediate protein) and cell autonomous (direct), whereas the induction of Sox11 required Foxd4 activity. Because direct induction by Sia/Twn could occur endogenously in the dorsal‐equatorial blastula cells that give rise to both the Organizer mesoderm and the neural ectoderm, we knocked down Sia/Twn in those cells. This prevented the blastula expression of Foxd4 and Sox11, demonstrating that Sia/Twn directly activate some neural genes before the separation of the Organizer mesoderm and neural ectoderm lineages. genesis 53:308–320, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homogeneous Catalysis with AuIII: Insights into the Mechanism of the Alkoxylation of Alkynes
Authors: Wong Zhi Xiang , Lein Matthias
Published: April 2015

The mechanism of the AuIII‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of a small alkanol to an alkyne, which yields a ketal product, has been investigated computationally by using GGA (BP86), hybrid (PBE0) and double‐hybrid (B2‐PLYP‐D3BJ) density functional theory with the large aug‐cc‐pVTZ (aug‐cc‐pVTZ‐PP) basis sets of triple‐ζ quality. The importance of hydrogen‐bonding networks is highlighted in the mechanism. The nucleophilic attacks possess relatively lower activation barriers than the hydrogen migrations, and the rate‐determining step is predicted to be the last hydrogen migration step.
Dynamic Simulation of Oxygen Transport Rates in Highly Ordered Electrodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Sun S. , Zhang H. , Pan M.
Published: April 2015

Highly ordered Pt electrode has been recognized as an important technology for reducing Pt usage in fuel cells due to its improved oxygen transport capability. However, ordered Pt electrode can lead to the decrease in roughness of electrode, which in turn makes it unclear whether the improved oxygen transport can offset the decreased roughness of ordered electrode. Herein, we theoretically investigate the oxygen distribution, generated current, and minimum Pt loading of ordered Pt electrode based on kinetic model of oxygen transport. The results reveal that ordered Pt electrodes do not exhibit concentration polarization with the electrode thickness up to 100 μm. For ordered Pt electrode with diameter of nanorod of 60 nm, the limited current density reaches 110.2 A cm−2 that is much higher than that for conventional electrode without considering Ohmic loss and mass transport loss outside electrode. To generate a current of 1.5 A cm−2 at 0.67 V for fuel cell, the minimum Pt loading of cathode in PEMFC reaches 0.029 mg cm−2 assuming that the electrocatalyst nanorods contain 1 nm Pt layer at the outmost surface.
Matrix Material Study for in situ Grown Pt Nanowire Electrocatalyst Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
Authors: Su K. , Yao X. , Sui S. , Wei Z. , Zhang J. , Du S.
Published: April 2015

The cathode electrocatalyst layers were prepared by in situ growing Pt nanowires (Pt‐NWs) in two kinds of matrixes with various Pt loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Commercial carbon powder and 20 wt.% Pt/C electrocatalyst were used as the matrix material for the comparison. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), polarization curves tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to examine the effects of the matrix materials on the Pt‐NW growing and the electrode performance. The optimum Pt‐NW loadings of 0.30 mg cm−2 in the carbon matrix (CM) and 0.20 mg cm−2 for the Pt/C matrix (PM) were obtained. The results indicated that the Pt‐NWs grown in the CM had a better crystalline, longer size length and better catalyst activity than those in the PM. The mechanism of the matrix affection is further discussed in this paper.
Broadband Over Power Lines a Trend to Watch
Authors: Crawley David L.
Published: April 2015

The evolution of the Internet and the delivery of broadband are significant issues for electricity organizations because part of this evolution would be fueled by—and ride on top of—the public‐funded power grid from the source to the last‐mile connectivity to homes, businesses, and institutions.
Thermal and capillary effects on the caprock mechanical stability at In Salah, Algeria
Authors: Vilarrasa Víctor , Rutqvist Jonny , Rinaldi Antonio Pio
Published: April 2015

Thermo‐mechanical effects are important in geologic carbon storage because CO2 will generally reach the storage formation colder than the rock, inducing thermal stresses. Capillary functions, i.e., retention and relative permeability curves, control the CO2 plume shape, which may affect overpressure and thus, caprock stability. To analyze these thermal and capillary effects, we numerically solve non‐isothermal injection of CO2 in deformable porous media considering the In Salah, Algeria, CO2 storage site. We find that changes in the capillary functions have a negligible effect on overpressure and thus, caprock stability is not affected by capillary effects. However, we show that for the strike slip stress regime prevalent at In Salah, stability decreases in the lowest parts of the caprock during injection due to cooling‐induced thermal stresses. Simulations show that shear slip along pre‐existing fractures may take place in the cooled region, whereas tensile failure is less likely to occur. Indeed, only the injection zone and the lowest tens of meters of the 900‐m‐thick caprock at In Salah might be affected by cooling effects, which would thus not jeopardize the overall sealing capacity of the caprock. Furthermore, faults are likely to remain stable far away from the injection well because outside the cooled region the injection‐induced stress changes are not sufficient to exceed the anticipated shear strength of minor faults. Nevertheless, we recommend that thermal effects should be considered in the site characterization and injection design of future CO2 injection sites to assess caprock stability and guarantee a permanent CO2 storage.