bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Afzal Muhammad , Imtiaz Aisha
Published: August 2020

Background

In the current era, malnutrition among children considers main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world scenario while more specifically in developing countries. Malnutrition in children severely affects their physical growth and academic achievements. This study aimed to find out the effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition, children aged under 5 years in Multan district of Punjab province, Pakistan. The study used the data of 2497 children, obtained from Multiple Integrated Cluster Survey 2018 and employed Binary logistic regression approach for empirical estimation the effects of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children.

Results

Empirical estimates of the study specified the prevalence of higher frequency of stunting (18.58), wasting (28.43) and underweight (19.54) among children particularly in rural areas of the study district Multan. Stunting status was significantly associated with children of some month (OR = 1.247, CI 95% 0.543–1.546), family size (OR = 0.589, CI 95% 0.431–3.715), maternal education (OR = 1.432, CI 95% 0.528–1.972), wealth quintile (OR = 2.174, CI 95% 1.234–3.376) and sanitation facility (OR = 0.789, CI 95% 0.627–1.987). Wasting status was mostly correlated with male children (OR = 1.208, CI 95% 0.769–1.352), children of urban areas (OR = 0.594, CI 95% 0.476–1.987) and food shortage (OR = 1.367, CI 95% 0.782–2.543). Underweight status was close relationship with male gender (OR = 1.213, CI 95% 0.821–2.897), incomplete immunization (OR = 1.342, CI 95% 1.041–2.658) and treated water access (OR = 0.689, CI 95% 0.542–2.743).

Conclusion

In this study, prevalence of higher-level malnutrition was estimated due to lower socioeconomic status among major population in the community specifically in rural areas. The government needs to enhance economic opportunities, promote healthcare education, increase nutritional access and generate improving personal hygiene habits through appropriate economic, political and social policy measures. The outcome of these policies will enhance individual economic resources; ensure nutritional safety, increasing maternal schooling and helpful for improving child health.
Cognition and affect in consumer decision making: conceptualization and validation of added constructs in modified instrument
Authors: Sofi Shakeel Ahmad , Mir Faizan Ashraf , Baba Mubashir Majid
Published: August 2020

Cognition and affect have had stretched history of influencing the buying behaviour of an individual. The change in one of the dimensions leads to some proportionate change in corresponding factor, and a number of research studies have been carried out to ascertain the role of cognition and affect in consumer decision making. But most of the studies lack the evidence of scientific reliability and validity and nature of itemization in previous scales/papers has not been comprehensive as well. In the current endeavour, application of exploratory factor analysis and structure equation modelling has significantly tested the reliability and validity measures needed for impulsive buying scale that would largely facilitate different stake holders. This paper explores the process for how highly reliable and valid indicators of cognition and affect have been developed. The research design employed was a mixture of both exploratory and descriptive approaches that assisted author in classifying factors along with underlying items. Structured questionnaire was employed for the collection of data from the respondents. For validation and development of the modified scale, a set of reliable and scientific tools were employed included. Overall findings revealed that the instrument is vastly consistent and possesses both discriminant and convergent validity. Additionally, other reliability forms are on higher side which sustains the reliability of the scale. The current study will have larger credibility for researchers in the area of organizational behaviour, consumer behaviour and in other interdisciplinary areas.
Revisiting cancer hallmarks: insights from the interplay between oxidative stress and non-coding RNAs
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhang Zhe , Huang Zhao , Nice Edouard , Zou Bingwen , Huang Canhua
Published: August 2020

Cancer is one of the most common disease worldwide, with complex changes and certain traits which have been described as “The Hallmarks of Cancer.” Despite increasing studies on in-depth investigation of these hallmarks, the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis have still not yet been fully defined. Recently, accumulating evidence supports the observation that microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), two main classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), regulate most cancer hallmarks through their binding with DNA, RNA or proteins, or encoding small peptides. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts generated during metabolic processes, are known to regulate every step of tumorigenesis by acting as second messengers in cancer cells. The disturbance in ROS homeostasis leads to a specific pathological state termed “oxidative stress”, which plays essential roles in regulation of cancer progression. In addition, the interplay between oxidative stress and ncRNAs is found to regulate the expression of multiple genes and the activation of several signaling pathways involved in cancer hallmarks, revealing a potential mechanistic relationship involving ncRNAs, oxidative stress and cancer. In this review, we provide evidence that shows the essential role of ncRNAs and the interplay between oxidative stress and ncRNAs in regulating cancer hallmarks, which may expand our understanding of ncRNAs in the cancer development from the new perspective.
Leisure-Time and Occupational Physical Activity Associates Differently with Epigenetic Aging
Authors: KANKAANPÄÄ ANNA , TOLVANEN ASKO , BOLLEPALLI SAILALITHA , LESKINEN TUIJA , KUJALA URHO M. , KAPRIO JAAKKO , OLLIKAINEN MIINA , SILLANPÄÄ ELINA
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Greater leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) associates with healthier lives, but knowledge regarding occupational physical activity (OPA) is more inconsistent. DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns capture age-related changes in different tissues. We aimed to assess how LTPA and OPA are associated with three DNAm-based epigenetic age estimates, namely, DNAm age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge.

Methods

The participants were young adult (21–25 yr, n = 285) and older (55–74 yr, n = 235) twin pairs, including 16 pairs with documented long-term LTPA discordance. Genome-wide DNAm from blood samples was used to compute DNAm age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge Age acceleration (Acc), which describes the difference between chronological and epigenetic ages. Physical activity was assessed with sport, leisure-time, and work indices based on the Baecke Questionnaire. Genetic and environmental variance components of epigenetic age Acc were estimated by quantitative genetic modeling.

Results

Epigenetic age Acc was highly heritable in young adult and older twin pairs (~60%). Sport index was associated with slower and OPA with faster DNAm GrimAge Acc after adjusting the model for sex. Genetic factors and nonshared environmental factors in common with sport index explained 1.5%–2.7% and 1.9%–3.5%, respectively, of the variation in GrimAge Acc. The corresponding proportions considering OPA were 0.4%–1.8% and 0.7%–1.8%, respectively. However, these proportions were minor (<0.5%) after adjusting the model for smoking status.

Conclusions

LTPA associates with slower and OPA with faster epigenetic aging. However, adjusting the models for smoking status, which may reflect the accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle habits, attenuated the associations.
The Effect of Blood Ketone Concentration and Exercise Intensity on Exogenous Ketone Oxidation Rates in Athletes
Authors: DEARLOVE DAVID J. , HARRISON OLIVIA K. , HODSON LEANNE , JEFFERSON ANDREW , CLARKE KIERAN , COX PETE J.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Exogenous ketones potentially provide an alternative, energetically advantageous fuel to power exercising skeletal muscle. However, there is limited evidence regarding their relative contribution to energy expenditure during exercise. Furthermore, the effect of blood ketone concentration and exercise intensity on exogenous ketone oxidation rates is unknown.

Methods

Six athletes completed cycling ergometer exercise on three occasions within a single-blind, random-order controlled, crossover design study. Exercise duration was 60 min, consisting of 20-min intervals at 25%, 50%, and 75% maximal power output (W
Max). Participants consumed (i) bitter flavored water (control), (ii) a low-dose β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) ketone monoester (KME; 252 mg·kg BW−1, “low ketosis”), or (iii) a high-dose βHB KME (752 mg·kg BW−1, “high ketosis”). The KME contained a 13C isotope label, allowing for the determination of whole-body exogenous βHB oxidation rates through sampled respiratory gases.

Results

Despite an approximate doubling of blood βHB concentrations between low- and high-ketosis conditions (~2 mM vs ~4.4 mM), exogenous βHB oxidation rates were similar at rest and throughout exercise. The contribution of exogenous βHB oxidation to energy expenditure peaked during the 25% W
Max exercise intensity but was relatively low (4.46% ± 2.71%). Delta efficiency during cycling exercise was significantly greater in the low-ketosis (25.9% ± 2.1%) versus control condition (24.1% ± 1.9%; P = 0.027).

Conclusions

Regardless of exercise intensity, exogenous βHB oxidation contributes minimally to energy expenditure and is not increased by elevating circulating concentrations greater than ~2 mM. Despite low exogenous βHB oxidation rates, exercise efficiency was significantly improved when blood βHB concentration was raised to ~2 mM.
Reduction of phase error on phase-only volume-holographic disc rotation with pre-processing by phase integral
Authors: Yu Yeh-Wei , Chen Yuan-Cheng , Huang Kun-Hao , Cheng Chih-Yuan , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Lin Shiuan-Huei , Sun Ching-Cherng
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present a study of observation of phase error of a volume holographic storage disc during the reading process when the disc is rotated or displaced in the theoretical calculation and the corresponding experiment. This additional phase error will dramatically decrease the bit error rate of a phase-only signal, even applying double-frequency shearing interferometry to retrieve the stored phase signal. Then we propose a novel approach to solve the problem. The stored signal is pre-processed by phase integral along the shearing direction so that applying the integral process to decode the phase signal is not necessary in the readout process. The proposed approach effectively reduces the error in phase retrieval and will be useful when applying double-frequency shearing interferometry in the readout process for volume holographic storage.
Color-changing refractive index sensor based on Fano-resonant filtering of optical modes in a porous dielectric Fabry-Pérot microcavity
Authors: Shapturenka Pavel , Stute Helen , Zakaria N. Isaac , DenBaars Steven P. , Gordon Michael J.
Published: August 2020

Refractometry is a ubiquitous technique for process control and substance identification in the chemical and biomedical fields. Herein, we present an all-dielectric, wafer-scalable, and compact Fabry-Pérot microcavity (FPMC) device for refractive index (RI) sensing. The FPMC consists of a highly porous SiO2 microcavity capped with a thin, quasi-periodically patterned TiO2 hole array partial reflector that enables rapid, nanoliter-scale analyte transport to and from the sensor. Liquid (alcohols) or condensed-vapor (water from human breath) infiltration resulted in spectral redshifts up to 100 nm, highly apparent visible color change, rapid recovery (< 20 s), and RI sensitivity of up to 680 nm/RIU. The sensor can also be used in spectral or single-wavelength detection modes. Effective-medium and finite-difference time-domain optical simulations identified that Fano-resonant scattering modes induced by the quasi-periodic TiO2 outcoupling layer effectively filter higher-order Fabry-Pérot cavity modes and thereby confer an easily identifiable red-to-green color transition during analyte infiltration.
Constipation Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Constipation Are Not Discrete Disorders: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ruffle James K. , Tinkler Linda , Emmett Christopher , Ford Alexander C. , Nachev Parashkev , Aziz Qasim , Farmer Adam D. , Yiannakou Yan
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic constipation is classified into 2 main syndromes, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and functional constipation (FC), on the assumption that they differ along multiple clinical characteristics and are plausibly of distinct pathophysiology. Our aim was to test this assumption by applying machine learning to a large prospective cohort of comprehensively phenotyped patients with constipation.

METHODS:

Demographics, validated symptom and quality of life questionnaires, clinical examination findings, stool transit, and diagnosis were collected in 768 patients with chronic constipation from a tertiary center. We used machine learning to compare the accuracy of diagnostic models for IBS-C and FC based on single differentiating features such as abdominal pain (a “unisymptomatic” model) vs multiple features encompassing a range of symptoms, examination findings and investigations (a “syndromic” model) to assess the grounds for the syndromic segregation of IBS-C and FC in a statistically formalized way.

RESULTS:

Unisymptomatic models of abdominal pain distinguished between IBS-C and FC cohorts near perfectly (area under the curve 0.97). Syndromic models did not significantly increase diagnostic accuracy (P > 0.15). Furthermore, syndromic models from which abdominal pain was omitted performed at chance-level (area under the curve 0.56). Statistical clustering of clinical characteristics showed no structure relatable to diagnosis, but a syndromic segregation of 18 features differentiating patients by impact of constipation on daily life.

DISCUSSION:

IBS-C and FC differ only about the presence of abdominal pain, arguably a self-fulfilling difference given that abdominal pain inherently distinguishes the 2 in current diagnostic criteria. This suggests that they are not distinct syndromes but a single syndrome varying along one clinical dimension. An alternative syndromic segregation is identified, which needs evaluation in community-based cohorts. These results have implications for patient recruitment into clinical trials, future disease classifications, and management guidelines.
Obesity, Diabetes, Coffee, Tea, and Cannabis Use Alter Risk for Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis in 2 Large Cohorts of High-Risk Drinkers
Authors: Whitfield John B. , Masson Steven , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Mueller Sebastian , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Eyer Florian , Gleeson Dermot , Thompson Andrew , Stickel Felix , Soyka Michael , Muellhaupt Beat , Daly Ann K. , Cordell Heather J. , Foroud Tatiana , Lumeng Lawrence , Pirmohamed Munir , Nalpas Bertrand , Jacquet Jean-Marc , Moirand Romain , Nahon Pierre , Naveau Sylvie , Perney Pascal , Haber Paul S. , Seitz Helmut K. , Day Christopher P. , Mathurin Philippe , Morgan Timothy R. , Seth Devanshi ,   for the GenomALC Consortium
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Sustained high alcohol intake is necessary but not sufficient to produce alcohol-related cirrhosis. Identification of risk factors, apart from lifetime alcohol exposure, would assist in discovery of mechanisms and prediction of risk.

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter case-control study (GenomALC) comparing 1,293 cases (with alcohol-related cirrhosis, 75.6% male) and 754 controls (with equivalent alcohol exposure but no evidence of liver disease, 73.6% male). Information confirming or excluding cirrhosis, and on alcohol intake and other potential risk factors, was obtained from clinical records and by interview. Case-control differences in risk factors discovered in the GenomALC participants were validated using similar data from 407 cases and 6,573 controls from UK Biobank.

RESULTS:

The GenomALC case and control groups reported similar lifetime alcohol intake (1,374 vs 1,412 kg). Cases had a higher prevalence of diabetes (20.5% (262/1,288) vs 6.5% (48/734), P = 2.27 × 10−18) and higher premorbid body mass index (26.37 ± 0.16 kg/m2) than controls (24.44 ± 0.18 kg/m2, P = 5.77 × 10−15). Controls were significantly more likely to have been wine drinkers, coffee drinkers, smokers, and cannabis users than cases. Cases reported a higher proportion of parents who died of liver disease than controls (odds ratio 2.25 95% confidence interval 1.55–3.26). Data from UK Biobank confirmed these findings for diabetes, body mass index, proportion of alcohol as wine, and coffee consumption.

DISCUSSION:

If these relationships are causal, measures such as weight loss, intensive treatment of diabetes or prediabetic states, and coffee consumption should reduce the risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis.
About connection of clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis with features of the thyroid status of patients
Authors: Karzakova Louise M. , Avtonomova Olga I. , Kudryashov Sergey I. , Ukhterova Nadezhda D. , Komelyagina Nadezhda А.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: There are four clinical variants of glomerulonephritis (GN) - urinary (latent), hypertensive, nephrotic and mixed. It was found that the features of clinical manifestations of GN that determine its clinical variant do not depend on the etiology, pathogenesis and morphological form of the disease. Taking into account the obtained data on the association of nephrotic syndrome with hypofunction of the thyroid gland, we suggested, that the formation of clinical variants of GN may be influenced by the features of the thyroid status of patients.
AIM: Study the relationship of variants of clinical manifestations of GN with indicants of thyroid status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients with primary GN who received in-treatment in the nephrology unit of a general hospital. Patients were selected into 4 groups depending on the clinical variant of GN (urinary, nephrotic, hypertensive and mixed variants). When selecting patients, we achieved comparability of groups by age, gender, morphological variants and duration of the disease. In addition to the generally accepted methods of research, patients were performed: 1) assessment of the thyroid status (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (free T4), free triiodothyronine (free T3), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), (free T3+free T4)/TSH, free T4/free T3, free T4/TSH); 2) determination of levels of interleukin - IL-1, IL-4 and IL-10 in blood serum; 3) ultrasound (US) examination of the thyroid gland. The obtained data were compared with those of healthy people.
RESULTS: The group of patients with the nephrotic variant of GN in 50% of cases showed a decrease of the level of free Т4 with the increase of TSH level, 26.7% showed a moderate increase of TSH at unchanged concentrations of free Т4 and free T3. In patients with the urinary variant of GN, the thyroid status did not differ from that in healthy patients, and the cytokine profile was characterized by a simultaneous increase in the content of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The group of patients with the hypertonic variant of GN in 82% of cases showed an isolated increase in TSH content. In the group of patients with a mixed variant of GN, changes in thyroid indices were predominant, combined with a large variability in the level of IL-1 production.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate the influence of the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system on the formation of different clinical variants of GN, which depends mainly on the level of production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
Specific features of the use of alogliptin in various groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: additional results of the ENTIRE study
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Shestakova Ekaterina A. , Kachko Vera A.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: Since the obtaining of data on the effect of Alogliptin towards the lipid profile, body weight and blood pressure (BP) of patients, the additional analysis of the results of the ENTIRE study, completed in the Russian Federation in 2018, was conducted.
AIMS: Assess the dynamics of HbA1c, body weight, fats indices, blood pressure (BP), and characterize the profile of the patient who received the maximum clinical benefit on treatment of Alogliptin therapy in the ENTIRE study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective non-interventional observational study that included patients aged 18 years and older with first-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or patients with T2DM who did not achieve their glycemic targets during the previous therapy.
RESULTS: A decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by more than 0.5% was detected in 73.5% of patients. The most significant absolute decrease of HbA1c was noticed in patients with initially higher values. Younger patients with a shorter duration of T2DM showed the more often compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. The average loss of weight was -2.64.2 kg. 76.6% of patients showed the loss of weight. The most significant decrease in body weight was noticed in patients with a large initial body mass index and a shorter duration of the disease. 74.7% of patients showed a decrease of the level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The most significant absolute decrease in LDL was noticed in patients with initially higher values and more often in younger people with a shorter duration of T2DM. The average decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) was 5.90.3 mm Hg; the average decrease in diastolic blood pressure (BP) was 2.70.2 mm Hg. 59% of patients showed decrease of blood pressure during the group analyzing. The most frequent BP reduction was observed in younger patients with shorter duration of T2DM. At the same time, a more significant absolute decrease in blood pressure was noticed in patients with initially higher indicators, and an increase, on the contrary, was observed in patients with initially lower indicators.
CONCLUSIONS: The intensification of Alogliptin therapy allowed to achieve the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, moderate decrease of body weight, blood pressure and LDL indices within the majority of patients with T2DM. The most frequent achievement of HbA1c targets was noticed in young patients with a shorter duration of T2DM.
IGG4-related diseases in endocrinology
Authors: Rumyantsev Pavel O. , Kozlov Ivan G. , Kolpakova Evgenia A. , Chukhacheva Olga S. , Korenev Sergey V. , Goncharov Andrei G. , Ulanova Elena U.
Published: August 2020

Immunoglobulin-G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immunomediated pathology of different organs of local or systemic nature, which has been established as a separate clinical entity in the early 2000s and is characterized by storiform fibroid inflammation of the affected tissues, their increase, and elevated serum immunoglobulin-G4 (IgG4) levels. The most common manifestations of the disease are major salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, lymphadenopathy and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP1), however, other organs may be also involved (the thyroid, eyes, meninges, heart, lungs, kidneys, aorta, upper airways, mesentery, etc.).
The effectiveness of treatment of IgG4-RD, as well as other pathological conditions, is also determined by the timely diagnosis. However, the latter is complicated due to the variety of clinical manifestations and rather variable diagnostic criteria. It is necessary to constantly update the evidence-based knowledge and diagnostic algorithms within this pathology in order to overcome the difficulties, and involve immunologists, endocrinologists, pathologists and specialists in other spheres.
This review provides information about the etiology, pathogenesis, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related diseases, as well as examples of some manifestations of IgG4-RD that an endocrinologist may face in practice.
Evaluation of body composition, resting metabolic rate and frequency of metabolic disorders in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Bespalyuk Daria A. , Okorokov Pavel L. , Chugunov Igor S.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: Kleinfelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic disease characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The high risk of developing of metabolic disorders in patients with KS is be explained by the presence of androgen deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the amount of lean soft mass and an increase of the adipose tissue content. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determined by the amount of lean soft mass, and its reduction can contribute to weight gain and the progression of metabolic disorders in KS.
AIM: Body composition, assessment of basal metabolism and metabolic profile in adolescents with KS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 28 adolescents with KS, comparable in age and stage of sexual maturation. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of clinical laboratory signs of hypogonadism. Patients passed through the evaluation of metabolic profile, bioelectrical impedance analysis for the body composition and chamber-based indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of BMR.
RESULTS: Normal indicants of body composition were determined in 20 (71.4%) adolescents, excess of adipose mass in 6 (21.4%) patients, and deficit of adipose mass in 7.2% of cases. Among 6 patients with excess of adipose mass, three were obese or overweight, while the rest had normal SDS body mass index (BMI). 64.3% of adolescents showed normal indicants of energy exchange at rest, 6 (21.4%) a decrease of BMR, 4 (14.3%) - an increase of BMR. A comparative analysis of patient groups did not reveal statistically significant differences in BMR adjusted to a lean soft mass (OO/TM) (p=0.36). Insulin resistance was detected in 11 patients (39.3%), and the incidence of dyslipidemia was 3.6%. The groups did not significantly differ in terms of glycemia levels in the fasted state and lipid profile indicants.
CONCLUSION: Most adolescents with KS have normal indicants of body composition and basal metabolism, as well as a low frequency of metabolic disorders, regardless of the level of total testosterone in blood. In some patients with normal SDS BMI, excess of adipose mass is detected. The lack of correlation between the level of testosterone and the intensity of BMR may indicate a slight effect of androgen deficiency on energy exchange at rest in adolescents with KS.
The role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1
Authors: Mamedova Elizaveta O. , Dimitrova Diana A. , Belaya Zhanna E. , Melnichenko Galina A.
Published: August 2020

Changes in the expression of non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) takes part in the formation of various tumors. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations of the MEN1 gene encoding the Menin protein. Syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid tumors, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary adenoma, as well as other endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. The mechanisms for the formation of MEN1-related tumors due to mutations in the MEN1 gene are not . In the absence of mutations of the MEN1 gene in patients with phenotypically similar features, this condition is regarded as a phenocopy of this syndrome. The cause of the combination of several MEN-1-related tumors in these patients remains unknown. The possible cause is that changes in the expression of ncRNAs affect the regulation of signaling pathways in which Menin participates and may contribute to the development of MEN-1-related tumors. The identification of even a small number of agents interacting with Menin makes a significant contribution to the improvement of knowledge about its pathophysiological influence and ways of developing tumors within the MEN-1 syndrome and its phenocopies.
Alexithymia and its relation with eating disorders and obesity
Authors: Berkovskaya Marina A. , Tarasenko Anna A. , Fadeev Valentin V. , Gurova Olesya Yu.
Published: August 2020

This manuscript provides a review of current literature on the relationship between overweight and alexithymia as a psychological factor associated with obesity, as well as the role of alexithymia in the development of various abnormalities and eating disorders (ED). Obesity is a multifactorial disease, and lifestyle characteristics are the most important pathogenetic links on its development, as well as a complex of genetic, epigenetic, biological and psychological factors that cause accumulation of excessive fat and prevent effective reduction and retention of body weight. One possible reason for the increased prevalence of obesity in adults is poor emotional management, which can affect healthy eating behavior and lifestyle.
It was found that overweight and obese people have a high prevalence of alexithymia, and also the study shows its prognostic role in the development of ED. Alexithymia is a factor that not only predisposes to weight gain, but is also a significant predictor of inefficiency and premature termination of programs for the treatment of obesity and ED. Timely diagnosis and correction of alexithymic syndrome can help in developing the effective treatment strategies for obese patients.
DINAMIKA AGAMA HINGGA NORMA BARU MASYARAKAT DI TENGAH PANDEMIK COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Desa Ploso Ngawi)
Authors: Hadi Alma'a Cinthya
Published: August 2020

Pagebluk or epidemic that we are currently experiencing, namely the corona virus that entered Indonesia since March 2020 has claimed more than 28.233 case of the Indonesian population and has claimed the work of both workers and employees due to Termination of Employment (PHK) due to stalled economic flows both local and global, but it does not stop here because the numbers continue to soar. Not only that a variety of significant implications occur in terms of religion and culture. This paper discusses the role of religion in the community of Ploso village in Ngawi district response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the substance that makes it form and changing occur in society.
MENAGIH HAK BERAGAMA MUSLIM AHMADIYAH DAN SYIAH SAMPANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF NALAR MAQÂṢIDÎ
Authors: Yaqin Nasrullah Ainul
Published: August 2020

This article responds to the issue of human rights (HAM) from the perspective of maqâṣidî’s reasoning (maqâṣid asy-syarî‘ah). Considering that human rights violations have always been being a boomerang in the life of Indonesian society. It could be seen like what happened to the Shia people in Sampang whose right have been lost to enjoy their life in peace and worship their religious rights freely and safely in their homeland. A similar case has been experienced by several Ahmadiyah congregations. In this case, the writer elaborates the maqâṣid concept which has been continued its development along the time. According to ‘Izzuddin bin ‘Abd as-Salâm, the purpose of Islamic law is to create benefit and reject the damage for human being, both in this world and in the hereafter. The highest benefit of Islamic law is to maintain and keep the religion (ḥifẓ ad-dîn), soul (ḥifẓ an-nafs), reason (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), descent (ḥifẓ an-nasl), and property (ḥifẓ al-mâl) . These five things are known as aḍ-ḍarûriyyah al-khamsah (the five primary). Later, some maqâṣidî scholars (such as Ibn ‘Âsyûr, ‘Allâl al-Fâsî, Jamâluddîn ‘Aṭiyyah, and Yusûf al-Qarâḍâwî) developed the scope of maqâṣid asy-syarî‘ah. So that, it is not restricted to the five primary matters only, but also to several other primary matters, such as justice, freedom, equality and human rights. On the other side, Muḥammad az-Zuḥailî views that the concept of aḍ-ḍarûriyyah al-khamsah is the basis of human rights itself. Because, ḥifẓ ad-dîn, ḥifẓ an-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, ḥifẓ an-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-mâl do not only mean to maintain, but also include the meaning of rights, namely: the right to religion, the right to life, the right to think and freedom of thought, family rights, and property rights.
DARI DIALOG MENUJU KERJA SAMA (STUDI PERANAN SIMPUL IMAN COMMUNITY YOGYAKARTA YANG DIBENTUK OLEH PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN UNTUK MENJALIN KERJA SAMA ANTAR MAHASISWA BEDA AGAMA DI D.I. YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Ahmad Diki
Published: August 2020

This article discusses Simpul Iman Community Yogyakarta as an organization formed from the results of dialogue. Simpul Iman Community Yogyakarta is a student organization with different religious university backgrounds that is UIN Sunan Kalijaga as a representation of Islam, UKDW as a representation of Christianity, and USD as a representation of Catholicism. This organization was born in response to the rise of violence in the name of religion and the number of students involved in it. This organization was formed as a forum for cooperation between students of different religions with scientific backgrounds in the religious studies and theology who would later become agents of change in the future. Therefore, as an organization formed from the results of dialogue, how the implementation of cooperation is realized in social life, and how the influence of Simpul Iman Community on social change.
Sustainability of education reforms: An investigation into the professional development component of USAID/Egypt Education Reform Program (ERP, 2004-2009)
Authors: Badran Alaa , Toprak Mustafa
Published: August 2020

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) started its operations in Egypt in 1975. Its work on education development included supporting access and gender equity, community participation, professional development, and also extended to policy reforms. Education Reform Program (ERP) was one of USAID’s initiatives implemented between 2004 and 2009. The program intended to support the Egyptian Ministry of Education (MOE) with strategies to enhance a system-wide reform. It also piloted school-based reform in 256 schools across seven governorates. This study explores the sustainability of practices that were advocated as part of ERP’s professional development (PD) component. A qualitative approach was adopted to afford a better understanding of the long-term impact of ERP’s PD activities. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools with 38 participants (teachers, heads of training units, and administrators) in four selected schools. Participants were asked about the PD practices at their schools, and the sustainability of changes introduced as part of ERP. Results highlight varying degrees of continuity of practices across participating schools and individuals and offer implications for future consideration.
O estágio docência e a formação pedagógica na área contábil: Competências docentes adquiridas na pós-graduação
Authors: Ferreira Layne Vitória , Leal Edvalda Araújo
Published: August 2020

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar, na percepção dos discentes dos Programas de Pós-graduação stricto sensu em Ciências Contábeis (PPGCCs) no Brasil, quais competências são desenvolvidas no estágio docência para a qualificação docente. A pesquisa, de abordagem quantitativa, teve como amostra 296 alunos que realizaram o estágio docência entre 2013 e 2017. Por meio da análise fatorial exploratória, os fatores identificados explicaram 71,41% da variação dos dados, indicando alto grau de concordância dos pós-graduandos quanto ao desenvolvimento de competências docentes no estágio docência. Os fatores identificados foram: Fator 1 – “Competências sobre Reflexão, Investigação, Planejamento e Comunicação no ensino”; Fator 2 – “Competências de Planejamento, Preparação de Conteúdo e Aplicação de Novas Tecnologias”; e Fator 3 – “Competências no Processo de Avaliação, Organização e Elaboração das Metodologias de Ensino”. Verifica-se a contribuição do estágio docência ao proporcionar que o conhecimento teórico e a prática do ensino possam ser associados pelo discente, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à docência. O estudo possibilita o aprimoramento do estágio docência ao evidenciar a necessidade das diretrizes que o norteiam e dos objetivos educacionais buscados serem claros; bem como a importância da supervisão do discente por parte do professor que o orienta/supervisiona durante esse processo.
Evapotranspiration of Indonesia Tropical Area
Authors: Marganingrum Dyah , Santoso Heru
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite large and located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and between two oceans (Indian and Pacific), making the territory of Indonesia has a unique climate pattern. One of the climate variables that quite important to be studied in this chapter is evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite method was used to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on average air temperature. The relationships between evapotranspiration, precipitation, and elevation were then examined. Besides, temperature variations that affect climate patterns between monsoonal and equatorial regions were compared, between the mainland and small islands, and between mountain and coastal area. The impact of global warming was also examined on the climate and potential evapotranspiration of the Indonesian region. Data analysis showed that evapotranspiration correlates weakly with precipitation, and the contrary, the evapotranspiration correlates strongly with elevation, with correlation indices of 0.02 and 0.89, respectively. The study confirmed that air temperature is the primary controlling variable of the evapotranspiration in this very heterogeneous landscape. Under a global temperature increase of 1.5 °C above the pre-industrialized year (1765), the evapotranspiration is expected to increase in a range from 4.8 to 11.1%. In general, the excess of water to restore soil moisture in the future tends to decrease, i.e., drier.
Identification of Waste Flow in Semarang City Through Community-Based Waste Management
Authors: Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya , Fauziyah Fita , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Syafrudin Syafrudin
Published: August 2020

Community-based  waste  management  is a form  of  waste  management  recommended  by  the government because  it  is  very  effective  in  creating  a  zero-waste  society.  In  Indonesia,  community-based  waste management can be realized through the development of waste banks at the neighbourhoodlevels. In 2019, the City of Semarang has 48 units of active waste banks. Waste that is managed by the wastebank is plastic, paper and metal. However, there is organic waste which is also managed by several wastebanks. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the flow of waste through community-basedwaste management, in this  case of the  waste  bank,  in  the  city  of  Semarang.  The  method  used  is  in-depth  surveys  and  interviews related to the waste bank management system in the city of Semarang. The results showed that the activity of the existing garbagebank was able to reduce waste in the city of Semarang by 0.07% of the total garbage generation  in  the  city  of  Semarang.  This  research  can  be  used  as  a  reference  for  developing  better community-based waste management strategies, especially in Semarang City
Application of Bio-pore to Increase Rainwater Absorption in Residential Areas
Authors: Samadikun Budi Prasetyo
Published: August 2020

Permata Tembalang Housing is located in Kramas Sub-district Tembalang District is one of the new residential areas which is located next to Diponegoro University. Along with the better economic condition of the family and the need of space, the plots that initially still have a a large open space gradually began to decrease, because residents have started to expand the land built in the plot of their house. In the end, not even a bit of land was left open for the absorption of rainwater into the ground. The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of public awareness of the importance of open space as a means of absorbing rainwater through the application of biopores. The method of applying biopori is carried out in several stages: coordination, socialization, implementation, and monitoring-evaluation. To find out the level of awareness of residents, observations and interviews were conducted with residents who had participated in socialization and applied biopori in their lots. The results of observations and interviews showed that theresidents were quite enthusiastic in implementing this biopori, as evidenced by the excellent response from the coordination stage to the monitoring-evaluation stage. The final results show that residents can early understand on the importance of open land as rain water infiltration, so that they have consciously begun to be moved and are also encouraged to apply biopori in their respective land plots.
The Use of Nano-Bio Coagulant from Rice Snail (Pila Ampullacea) Shells to Reduce COD, Turbidity, and TSS of Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater
Authors: Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Ainurrofiq Mohammad Naffah , Purwono Purwono , Oktiawan Wiharyanto
Published: August 2020

Salah satu industry farmasi di Semarang, Jawa Tengah menggunakan koagulan Poly Alumunium Chloride (PAC) untuk mengolah limbah cair. Penggunaan PAC atas dasar kelayakan biaya dan efektivitas pengolahan. Apabila ditinjau dari aspek lingkungan, penggunaan koagulan sintetik dalam jumlah besar akan menimbulkan limbah lumpur yang sulit didegradasi, dan mampu mengubah tingkat keasaman air dan tanah disekitarnya, sehingga berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini kitosan digunakan sebagai nano bio koagulan untuk mengolah limbah cair industri farmasi. Variasi dosis nano bio koagulan dan kecepatan pengadukan dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi penyisihan parameter Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), kekeruhan, dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS), limbah. Nani bio koagulan dibuat dari Cangkang keong Sawah (Pila Ampullacea) dan ukuran biokoagulan dibuat skala  nano partikel dengan harapan mampu meningkatkan efektifitas penyisihan. Metode persiapan berupa deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Proses nano partikel menggunakan alat HEM, ukuran partikel diuji menggunakan SEM dan uji gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan memiliki warna coklat abu-abu, ukuran partikel serbuk nano, kadar air 5,34 %, kadar abu 1,14 % dan derajat deasetil 25,27 %. Efisiensi penyisihan TSS yang tinggi sebesar 55,19 %, kekeruhan 64,73 % dan COD 55,63 %. Dosis yang optimum sebesar 200 mg/L dengan kecepatan pengadukan cepat 150 rpm. Nano biokoagulan kitosan paling efektif untuk menyisihkan kekeruhan dibandingkan dengan COD dan TSS limbah cair indutri farmasi.
Utilization of Clay and Bamboo Charcoal Biosorbent Composites in Reducing the Dyes Concentration in Batik Industry Wastewater
Authors: Tamyiz Muchammad , Hidayah Natasya Nur , Salsabella Aulianita , Maulidiyah Takrimatul
Published: August 2020

The batik industry in Indonesia is one of the small and medium business sectors (SMEs) which is a source of work for some people. The batik industry produces various kinds of liquid waste, one of which is dyes including remazol dyes. In this research, clay and bamboo charcoal which are activated by HCl 1 M were made into a composite biosorbent with a ratio of clay and bamboo charcoal (80%: 20%). In this study, two variables are used, namely dose and contact time variation. The results of removal efficiency for variable adsorbent doses and contact time respectively were 30.00% and 31.33%. FTIR spectrum analysis shows wave numbers 1338.64 and 1309.71 cm-1 which is the C-H bending region. The peak at wave number 1539.25 cm-1 with strong and tapered absorption is identified as aliphatic C-C strains which are functional groups of activated charcoal. The spectrum gives a clay-charcoal composite specification when the absorption peak at wave number 3462.34 cm-1 there is an interaction between O-H in clay and O-H in charcoal, causing an increase in absorption intensity. The use of clay and bamboo charcoal biosorbent can reduce levels of dyes in batik industry liquid waste.
Analysis of Willingness to Participate from the Coastal Communities in Waste Management (Case Study: Pulau Pari Village, Kepulauan Seribu District)
Authors: Chaerul Mochammad , Laksana Winda
Published: August 2020

Nowdays, marine debris becomes a major concern globally from many parties. Predicted source contributes to marine debris is settlement located at the coast. While facing several constraints, a municipal solid waste (MSW) management developed by community and local authority, especially taking consideration to keep a tourist attractive. Often, MSW management was applied without any consideration to the willingness of the community as a waste generator. The paper aims to find the willingness to participate related to MSW management from community at the coast with a case study of Pulau Pari Village of Kepulauan Seribu Regency. There were 6 criteria developed in the study namely: community habits, willingness to participate, community identification, environmental concern, social norms, and community perceptions, with the assessment to each subcriteria using likert scale 1-5 from 27 respondents. Subsequently, subcriterion of the participation related to MSW management were preferably chosen by respondent from each criterion. For example, from criterion of community habits the two subcriterion were dominantly chosen namely: pariticipate to provide waste storage (21%) and waste collection and directly sold by themselves (20%). Result of the willingness to participate could be used to determine a system or technology related to MSW management so that it may more sustained, especially to reduce the quantity of waste dumped to the sea.
The Potential of Stale Milk to Become Organic Fertilizer with the Addition of Effective Microorganism 4 and Cocopeat Solutions
Authors: Triwuri Nurlinda Ayu , Dwityaningsih Rosita , Handayani Murni
Published: August 2020

In the milk, content is strongly associated with nutrients to increase the productivity of crop yields. The rest of the milk that has been consumed so far has only been wasted. This requires new innovations in the manufacture of organic fertilizer products. The purpose of this study was to determine the best composition comparison between stale milk, EM4 solution and cocopeat in the process of making liquid and solid organic fertilizer and determine the c-organic value, N total, total P2O5, K2O total, and pH value. Initial analysis of liquid organic fertilizer obtained pH values of 5.10, total P2O5 of 0.342% and total nitrogen of 0.569% at initial control (stale milk only) and final values of 1.010% of total P2O5, 1.113% of total nitrogen and 10.480% of organic carbon in R3 ( 30: 5: 1). Initial analysis of solid organic fertilizer obtained pH values 5.26%, 2.668% total P2O5, 0.952% K2O total and 2.780% N total at R1 (10: 5: 1) and final values obtained 1.578% P2O5total at R1 (10: 5: 1) , 2.937% N total in R2 and 43.912% c-organic in R3. This shows that stale milk with the addition of EM4 and cocopeat solutions has an effect on phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients in liquid and solid organic fertilizer.