bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global delta dataset and the environmental variables that predict delta formation on marine coastlines
Authors: Caldwell Rebecca L. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Baumgardner Sarah , Paola Chris , Roy Samapriya , Nienhuis Jaap H.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. River deltas are sites of sediment accumulation along the
coastline that form critical biological habitats, host megacities, and
contain significant quantities of hydrocarbons. Despite their importance, we
do not know which factors most significantly promote sediment accumulation
and dominate delta formation. To investigate this issue, we present a global
dataset of 5399 coastal rivers and data on eight environmental variables.
Of these rivers, 40 % (n=2174) have geomorphic deltas defined either
by a protrusion from the regional shoreline, a distributary channel network,
or both. Globally, coastlines average one delta for
every ∼300 km of shoreline, but there are hotspots of delta formation, for example
in Southeast Asia where there is one delta per 100 km of shoreline. Our
analysis shows that the likelihood of a river to form a delta increases with
increasing water discharge, sediment discharge, and drainage basin area. On
the other hand, delta likelihood decreases with increasing wave height and
tidal range. Delta likelihood has a non-monotonic relationship with
receiving-basin slope: it decreases with steeper slopes, but for slopes >0.006 delta likelihood increases. This reflects different
controls on delta formation on active versus passive margins. Sediment
concentration and recent sea level change do not affect delta likelihood. A
logistic regression shows that water discharge, sediment discharge, wave
height, and tidal range are most important for delta formation. The logistic
regression correctly predicts delta formation 74 % of the time. Our global
analysis illustrates that delta formation and morphology represent a balance
between constructive and destructive forces, and this framework may help
predict tipping points at which deltas rapidly shift morphologies.
Comparing Bayesian and traditional end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in a glacierized basin
Authors: He Zhihua , Unger-Shayesteh Katy , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Weise Stephan M. , Duethmann Doris , Kalashnikova Olga , Gafurov Abror , Merz Bruno
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Water tracer data have been successfully used for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins. However, uncertainties in the hydrograph separation are large in these basins, caused by the spatio-temporal variability in the tracer signatures of water sources, the uncertainty of water sampling and the mixing model uncertainty. In this study, we used electrical conductivity (EC) measurements and two isotope signatures (δ18O and δ2H) to label the runoff components, including groundwater, snow and glacier meltwater, and rainfall, in a Central Asia glacierized basin. The contributions of runoff components (CRC) to the total runoff, as well as the corresponding uncertainty, were quantified by two mixing approaches: a traditional end-member mixing approach (TEMMA) and a Bayesian end-member mixing approach. The performance of the two mixing approaches were compared in three seasons, distinguished as cold season, snowmelt season and glacier melt season. Results show that: 1) The Bayesian approach generally estimated smaller uncertainty ranges for the CRC compared to the TEMMA. 2) The Bayesian approach tended to be less sensitive to the sampling uncertainties of meltwater than the TEMMA. 3) Ignoring the model uncertainty caused by the isotope fractionation likely leaded to an overestimated rainfall contribution and an underestimated meltwater share in the melt seasons. Our study provides the first comparison of the two end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins, and gives insights for the application of tracer-based mixing approaches for similar basins.
AN AUTOMATED PROCESS TO DETECT EDGES IN UNORGANIZED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Mitropoulou A. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper presents an automated and effective method for detecting planes and their intersections as edges in unorganized point clouds. The edges are subsequently extracted as vectors to a CAD environment. The software was developed within the Microsoft Visual Studio and the open source Point Cloud Library (PCL, http://pointclouds.org/) was used. The Point Cloud Library is a standalone, large scale, open project for 2D/3D image and point cloud processing. The code was written in C++. For the detection of the planes in the point cloud the RANSAC algorithm was employed. Subsequently, and according to the standard theory of Analytic Geometry the edges were determined as the intersections of these planes with each other. A straight line in 3D space is defined by one of its points, which was determined with the Lagrangian Multipliers method and a parallel vector, which was determined with the help of the cross product of two vectors on space. Finally, the algorithm and the results of the implementation of the process with real data were evaluated by performing various checks, mainly aiming to determine the accuracy of the edge detection.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE BAROQUE VAULT CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE BY
SCAN-TO-BIM PROCESS: ST. BERNARD’S CHAPEL IN THE PLASY MONASTERY
Authors: Stanga C. , Hasníková H. , Previtali M. , Brumana R. , Grimoldi A. , Banfi F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The article focuses on the analysis of the construction technique of the star vault designed by the famous Bohemian architect from the Baroque period, Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel. The vault covers St. Bernard’s Chapel in the Plasy Monastery and represents a masterpiece in Santini’s late career. The authors try to understand its construction technology with the help of modern surveying methods. The shape of the vault structure is complex, therefore a detailed geometrical survey of both intrados and extrados was performed. The data collected in situ, photogrammetric blocks, were used as a basis for the modeling of the vault shape. An accurate 3D model and HBIM of the structure were generated, using a novel Scan-to-BIM process based on the integrated use of a different Grade of Generation and primitive extraction to support the modeling. This survey is part of a program to implement a vault database addressed to detect permanencies and mutations in the construction techniques across Europe, that gives back unexpected, and mostly unknown, richness of vault construction patterns.
REMOTE SENSING DATA AS BASIS FOR THE MODELLING AND REASSEMBLY OF
DISMANTLED HERITAGE STRUCTURES
Authors: Vincke S. , Bassier M. , de Lima Hernandez R. , Dejaeghere I. , Carbonez K. , Vergauwen M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing techniques are invaluable for the documentation and preservation of built heritage. The techniques facilitate fast documentation of highly complex heritage structures with improved accuracies. Furthermore they improve the degree of detail substantially. This is extremely useful for the restoration of collapsed elements or the reassembly of dismantled structures. These entities are often challenging to puzzle back together. Moreover, the differential settlements of the elements over time heavily influence the relative position and orientation of the remaining pieces, further complicating the reconstruction. Digital modelling solutions with a 3D model of the current situation as take-off, are desperately needed by the industry to tackle the present obstacles. In this work, a framework is proposed that facilitates a more accurate reassembly of dismantled heritage elements. It consists of three major phases starting with the accurate recording of the current situation as well as the preserved components. Subsequently, the new design is dititally modelled, reducing the necessary time for the reassembly of the structure, which is the last step in the rebuilding workflow. The presented framework allows for an efficient and comprehensible reconstruction of the structure. A key aspect in the approach is the detection of missing components and the estimation of their dimensions for the production of accurate replicas. The potential is showcased by means of two case studies on the reassembly of flying buttresses and rib vaults of the Saint-James church in Leuven, Belgium, which is currently undergoing major stabilisation works. The presented approach allows heritage experts to gain better oversight over their reassembly project and work more efficiently.
APPLICATION OF OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHY AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INTEGRATED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORIC CITIES IN CHINA:
PRACTICES IN SHIGATSE, TIBET AND QUANZHOU (ZAYTON), FUJIAN
Authors: Wang T. , Zhou L.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Historic city, as the human settlement space developed in the earliest stage of a city, is the area that best demonstrates the profound cultural significance and urban spatial characteristics of a city. It is also an important and complex type in the field of international cultural heritage conservation. With China’s rapid urbanization in the last 30 years, large numbers of Chinese cities are becoming victims of urban problems. Both urban managers and researchers in related fields are well aware that urban development in the new era needs to be coped with from the perspective of leveraging existing stocks. The historic areas of a city make up a valuable stock of land in the city and an important spatial resource. A series of research topics arise in its wake: how to best preserve the characteristics of their historic layout, and avoid losing their identity; how to present its distinctive style with meticulous care; and how to make up for their deficiencies in infrastructure, public service, and environmental quality etc., while stimulating and evoking pride from city managers and the people in their historic city. The application of three-dimensional oblique photogrammetry and GIS technology in historical cities has provided more intuitive graphic support, more accurate spatial positioning, and more convenient data query and statistics for the conservation and development of historical cities. These not only facilitate better research, planning and design for professionals, but also assists city managers to make more adequate decisions.
COMPREHENSIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE QING IMPERIAL GARDEN AND
THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE GARDEN IN THE 18TH CENTURY: A CULTURAL
HERITAGE STUDIES APPROACH
Authors: Yin Y.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In 17–18th century, the spread of the image of the Qing Imperial Garden witnessed the cross-cultural exchanges and promoted the development of English Landscape Garden style. The reciprocal ‘far away foreign land’ between Chinese and British cultures and the influence of historical context had caused the discrepant view of European on Chinese gardens. This project focuses on the differences of cultural heritage values found in the two kinds of gardens: from the design of space and structure, poems and paintings representing designers' concepts, humanities factors, design conception, gardening elements and etc. Which hopes to fill up the gaps of relevant studies and stress the importance of documentation for gardens between the East and West. There are three aspects to illustrate the inner differences under the surface similarities between the two kinds of gardens. Firstly, the distortion and discontinuity through out the introduction and translation.This research attempts to cross-examine such an argument through an investigation into the journey to the West by the carrier of Chinese Imperial garden ideas. Then the meaning of ‘views of nature’ in the English Landscape Garden was inconsistent with the Chinese concept of ‘natural state of the world’. Thirdly, the differences of historical background, culture and values between the Qing Imperial Garden and the English Landscape Garden. All in all, this research could well invite a more factually-based understanding of the Sino-English architectural interactions as well as the Chinese contributions to the world architecture.
HBIM GENERATION: EXTENDING GEOMETRIC PRIMITIVES AND BIM MODELLING TOOLS FOR HERITAGE STRUCTURES AND COMPLEX VAULTED SYSTEMS
Authors: Banfi F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Today, the generation of smart models and digital archives able to accompany the management of architectural assets through the integration of advanced 3D survey techniques and Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) becomes an irremissible added value for the management of building life cycle. New international BIM standards are trying to give some guidelines to this new digital tool, which has demonstrated a wide range of potential applications in digital heritage, structural simulation, generative design, site management, restoration and daily maintenance activities. To manage a proper 3D reconstruction from point clouds, also known as Scan-to-BIM process, BIM experts typically use 3D application developed for the management of new buildings, which make it difficult to generate complex objects such as historic vaults and irregular and damaged walls. For these reasons, this study places the heart of its research in the integration of generative modelling in BIM application, proposing new Scan-to-BIM modelling requirements for complex vaulted systems and a novel add-in (a set of new functionalities for Autodesk Revit) able to improve the generation of complex elements from point cloud data. In particular, new modelling requirements such as novel grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) are integrated within the Revit’s structure in order to improve the level of information connected to HBIM and consequently to support the decision making of restoration and rehabilitation projects of complex heritage structures.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A METHOD FOR RETRIEVING GEOMETRICAL INFORMATION ON THE 20-TH CENTURY HERITAGE. THE AGIP COLONY IN CESENATICO
Authors: Bartolomei C. , Benedetti A. C. , Morganti C. , Predari G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The aim of this research is the rediscovery of one of Giuseppe Vaccaro's architectural masterpieces thanks to the use of the contents obtained from the survey that was carried out, useful for its architectural representation; the selected building is the Agip colony, which is located on the beach of Cesenatico. The three-dimensional photogrammetry, a science that uses photography as a source of measurement, will be investigated as a method for graphic and metric representation, with the aim to study, in this particular case, the elements composing the facade of this architectural work of the '30s, through the last software born of the Agisoft family, Metashape.
DIGITAL SURVEY IN BRAMANTE'S MASTERPIECES
Authors: Bolognesi C. , Fiorillo F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper is part of a current of researches that deal with the survey of Cultural Heritage as the first tool of knowledge and dissemination of the memory and value of ancient architecture. The progress of survey techniques and the spread of new tools and measurements instruments obliges frequents update in our project; the survey also compares itself with progression over the time, especially when the context of interest is broad as in the case here described. Here the complex of Santa Maria delle Grazie has been surveyed starting from the Chiostro delle Rane and Old Sacristy, including the room of the Candle man, by Donato Bramante, the Chiostro del Priore, built through the years with the aid of Beltrami and Portaluppi, and the New Sacristy. The cathedral survey and the Last supper room together with The Chiostro dei Morti has not yet been included; this first part has been considered as a first cross section enough to present first problems, techniques and aims. In addition, the destination of the survey in progress has been evaluated on a broad spectrum: from comparison with other Bramante’s masterpieces to the map rendering of some of its decorated parts to the construction of simple meshes for the reconstruction of virtual environments. This is the reason why some part of the complex has been surveyed with more attention and high-detail while other with more simplicity and low-detail, not only to spare time.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WOOD BEAMS BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS IN RESTORATION WORKS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF MORELIA, MEXICO
Authors: Carrillo Gómez M. I. , Sotomayor Castellanos J. R. , Raya González D.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia, the overall state of the beams of the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia was diagnosed as deplorable, for which a replacement was put underway for more recently sawed beams. The focus of this investigation was to determine the humidity content of the wood, its density, the wave velocity, the dynamic modulus and the quality factor of a sample of five new beams. These parameters were compared to the medium of five old beams. For the density, wave velocity, dynamic modulus and rigidness, there were no differences found between the old and new beams. The results suggest that the mechanical and physical properties of the new wood beams are equivalent to those of the older ones. Consequently, the strategy of substituting old and deteriorated wood beams for recently sawed ones was successful and complies with the requirements of the International Council of Monuments and Sites as referred to in the principles for the preservation of historical wooden structures.
MONITORING MOVEMENT AT MAKLI
Authors: Eppich R. , Mahessar K. A. , Nawaz S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Monitoring the movement of historic structures on unstable geology is a critical part of conservation. Such documentation can be accomplished using a variety of techniques from close observation to highly accurate instrumentation. However, the monitoring of nearly a hundred structures with varying levels of significance over a large area with limited resources is challenging. This paper describes the approach, methodology, planning, and execution of the initial monitoring system for the historic mausoleums at Makli Hills, Thatta in Sindh (Pakistan). This World Heritage property, located along six kilometers of bluffs above an ancient branch of the Indus River contains the tombs of rulers, poets, and spiritual leaders spanning from the XIVth to XVIIIth centuries. These tombs, built at the edge of eroding bluff, have been subjected to differential settlement leading to a number of past structural failures, serious cracks, deformations, and potential failures. The paper describes this important site, it´s problems, and a methodology to balance the significance and the sheer number of monuments with risk and available budget.
BACKPACK MOBILE MAPPING SOLUTION FOR DTM EXTRACTION OF LARGE INACCESSIBLE SPACES
Authors: Fassi F. , Perfetti L.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The paper presents the case study of the complete 3D survey of the area of the Fort of Pietole in Borgo Virgilio using the Leica Pegasus Backpack wearable Mobile Mapping System (MMS). Surveying the site is challenging because of its complex topology on the one hand (with notably narrow passages) and because of the presence of vegetation on the other. The framework within which this research takes place is the Fort of Pietole survey project that aims at the extraction of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area and the georeferencing of the fort defensive structures. The requirement of the project is the 3D reconstruction of the whole area at an accuracy that stands between a big scale environmental survey and a small-scale architectonic survey (1 : 500). The project is the opportunity to discuss the state of the art of wearable MMS, and to test the versatility and accuracy outcomes of the Pegasus Backpack under varying and challenging condition (indoor-outdoor, even-uneven pavement, satellite covered-denied areas) with the ambitious goal to use only the backpack MMS to record all the data from the DTM to the indoor narrow structures.
AN UPDATE FROM THE RESEED PROJECT
Authors: Jeanson L. , Cotte M. , Kerouanton J. L. , Laroche F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Following a first presentation of the works performed by our project group at ICOMOS General Assembly in 2017, it was time for us to bring an update, oriented on our technological and methodological choices and implementations. This paper presents the evolution of our data management system.
3D MODELLING OF ARCHITECTURAL BLOCKS AND ANTIQUE
SCULPTURES FOR THE CONSERVATION AND THE PROMOTION OF
ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE – EXPERIMENTS IN ALSACE
Authors: Koehl M. , Fuchs M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper presents the results of several studies led on the 3D modelling of blocks by photogrammetry. These blocks are constitutive elements of vestiges of buildings and tombs from the Roman period. A first series of blocks are a part of a mausoleum, a second are parts of tombs, and a last series are part of an antique theatre. The 3D modelling has been undertaken to get the maximum of 3D knowledge elements for the virtual reconstruction, in particular of the mausoleum. As the theatre is still not perfectly identified, the blocks served as 3D geometrical base for a more advanced archaeological study. The 3D modelling of these blocks allowed to sum-up the processing chain used for the first types of blocks and to adapt it to particular conditions of data acquisition.
DAMAGE RISK ASSESSMENT OF PAINTING ON THE WOOD CONSTRUCTION IN
TYPICAL TAIWANESE TEMPLE BY HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
Authors: Lee M. C. J. , Huang L. W. , Wang R. Z. , Lin C. J. , Tsai Y. L. , Lin M. L.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Most paintings were painted on the wood structure members for religion meaning and education to the prayers in the typical Taiwanese Temples. The damage of painting was induced by the micro-climate especially in the Relative humidity and Temperature various. Most typical Taiwanese temples were built by wood and brick structure with 1 open façade (semi-open space), outdoor air with different condition directly flows into indoor space to impact the material of paintings or structure members in subtropical Taiwan. When the materials absorb much damp or dry air, the volume will be expanded or shrink to damage the materials of painting layer or the basement layer. This study focuses on the damage risk assessment of painting on the wood structure members in the semi-open wooden historic temple. The test samples with painting were made by the cedar in the typical built method with wood protect oil, linen cloth, lime mortar, pigment, and surface protect oil. The test samples were put into the controlled chamber with temperature and relative humidity to test the peel off area by CNS 10757 to set up the safe range in different climate condition. The test results provide the risk assessment range in relative humidity with 55 % ± 15 % and in temperature with 25 °C ± 10 °C for safety range. The dangerous range may set ±10 % and ±5 °C from the safety range, and the very dangerous range should be destroyed the material from the boundary of EMC (Equilibrium Moisture Content), and phase change of materials. The risk assessment by benchmark in the temperature and relative humidity for easy announcing the managers to immediately trouble shooting.
THE LOST HERITAGE OF ROMAN IRON AND STEEL BRIDGES.
VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF TWO CASE STUDIES
Authors: Morganti R. , Tosone A. , Abita M. , Di Donato D.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the second half of 19th century the city of Rome knew a period of great urban transformations: the Pope Pio IX and after, the government of the new Kingdom of Italy, strongly pushed the modernization of the ancient and underdeveloped city, trying to follow the examples of the main European capitals. One of the most relevant signs of that period was the construction of multiple iron and steel bridges along the Tiber, that were built to improve the crossing network guaranteed by the old masonry links. Different supporting systems were used and many experimental technologies for the Italian context were tested, representing a crucial phase for the settle of a design and an industrial know-how that was firstly imported from the most advanced countries of the Northern Europe. In the 20th century most of these connections were unfortunately replaced, losing this precious heritage which was strongly linked to the technological culture of the time. Garibaldi Bridge, still present but radically transformed, and Alari Bridge, completely demolished, have been accurately modelled thanks to the availability of appropriate archival documentation and on-site tests, applied following a proposed methodology. The virtual reconstruction of the two case studies permits to spread the knowledge of this lost heritage, to ease the divulgation of past technologies and to recover the unusual image of exposed iron and steel structures surrounded by the ancient panorama of the Eternal city.
DEVELOPING AFFORDABLE BATHYMETRIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES USING
NON-CONVENTIONAL PAYLOAD FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE INSPECTIONS
Authors: Mugnai F. , Ridolfi A. , Bianchi M. , Franchi M. , Tucci G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper focuses on the implementation of new techniques for bathymetric inspections. The scope is the exploitation of sensors, usually and commonly used for navigation, namely the altimeter and the Forward Looking Sonar (FLS), for identifying objects which are laying on the sea floor. In this particular framework, the low spatial resolution and coverage of these sensors have been enhanced through the application of classical computational geometry. The altimeter and the FLS are part of the most common underwater navigation systems, and they are vastly mounted on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. Although they are not designed for this kind of accurate measurements and for 3D spatial reconstruction, they are quite cost-effective if compared with standard multibeam acoustic systems. Developing a technique for exploiting such an affordable low cost and widely used sensor will empower the Cultural Heritage community of users, giving a feasible opportunity to perform effective archaeological campaigns also within small funded projects.
AUTOMATIC HERITAGE BUILDING POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION AND
CLASSIFICATION USING GEOMETRICAL RULES
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Grussenmeyer P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The segmentation of a point cloud presents an important step in the 3D modelling process of heritage structures. This is true in many scale levels, including the segmentation, identification, and classification of architectural elements from the point cloud of a building. In this regard, historical buildings often present complex elements which render the 3D modelling process longer when performed manually. The aim of this paper is to explore approaches based on certain common geometric rules in order to segment, identify, and classify point clouds into architectural elements. In particular, the detection of attics and structural supports (i.e. columns and piers) will be addressed. Results show that the developed algorithm manages to detect supports in three separate data sets representing three different types of architecture. The algorithm also managed to identify the type of support and divide them into two groups: columns and piers. Overall, the developed method provides a fast and simple approach to classify point clouds automatically into several classes, with a mean success rate of 81.61 % and median success rate of 85.61 % for three tested data sets.
RHINOCEROS 5 + VRAY AS A TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF CONDITIONS IN BIC ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASES OF THE ATARAZANAS, THE CONVENT OF SAN AGUSTIN AND THE PLAZA NUEVA IN SEVILLE
Authors: Navarro-de Pablos J. , Mosquera-Pérez C. , Navas-Carrillo D. , Del Espino Hidalgo B. , Pérez Cano M. T.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This contribution aims to deepen the formulas for the application of 3D modelling tools in their application to the protection of heritage in the Spanish legislative framework: Although they emerge as instruments for their eminently industrial application, new architecture or infographics, the Rhinoceros software, together with the Vray rendering engine, constitute a tandem that has proved to be very useful for determining the degrees of impact (heights, perspectives, buildability, occupation and other urban parameters) in real estate environments declared to be of "Cultural Interest" (from now on referred to as "BIC" - or Asset of Cultural Interest), according to the regional legislation of Andalusia. In addition to the didactic character of the results, which allows their dissemination as teaching material applied in the Degree in Fundamentals of Architecture of the University of Seville, the three case studies presented facilitate the reading of the environment affected by the specific regulations, as well as the technical determination of the visual pollution that the surrounding buildings cause in the building itself. The three case studies include buildings declared "BIC", which are in very different situations of conservation and use, all in the city of Seville, in the south of Spain: while the City Council, which presides over the most important square in the city, is the paradigmatic model of a dynamic and inhabited square, the Atarazanas (former shipyard factory) are in a good state of conservation, but without defined use. The last case, the extinct convent of San Agustin, in addition to not being used, is in a state of ascending deterioration, since a large part of its construction has disappeared thanks to real estate expansion and the absence of legislative protection of the heritage.
VIRTUAL MUSEUMS – THE FUTURE OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS DOCUMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION
Authors: Pavelka jr. K. , Raeva P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Technology development now allows us to display the virtual reality (VR) world in a relatively high quality. VR is beginning to be used in many fields and getting many uses. This technology will be used more and more in the future and photogrammetry will not be an exception. For a long time, it has not been possible to present models in any other interesting form than in simple 3D model viewers or directly in the software where this model was built. In our case, this technology was used to create a beta version of a virtual museum that includes, in the beginning, some historical objects documented last year with appropriate technology which allows the transfer of models directly to the VR world. All the models that were presented in the museum had been created from aerial or ground photos, and some of them had been created by a combination of both technologies or in combination with laser scanned data. If we want to use 3D models from photogrammetry, which gets us a realistic copy of a documented object, it is necessary to optimize the photogrammetrical technology for the VR use. The paper introduces all steps of the workflow of how we can obtain a model which could be applicate in VR.
Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
Authors: Masaya Ryota , Suppasri Anawat , Yamashita Kei , Imamura Fumihiko , Gouramanis Chris , Leelawat Natt
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami caused large-scale topographic changes in coastal areas. Whereas much research has focused on coastlines that have or had large human populations, little focus has been paid on coastlines that have little or no infrastructure. The importance of examining erosional and depositional mechanisms of tsunami events lies in the rapid reorganisation that coastlines must undertake immediately after an event. Through understanding the precursor conditions to this reorganisation is paramount to the reconstruction of the coastal environment. This study examines the locations of sediment erosion and deposition during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami event on the relatively pristine Phra Thong Island, Thailand. Coupled with satellite imagery, we use numerical simulations and sediment transportation models to determine the locations of significant erosion and the areas where much of that sediment was redeposited during the tsunami inundation and backwash processes. Our modelling approach confirms that beaches on Phra Thong Island were significantly eroded by the 2004 tsunami, predominantly during the backwash phase of the first and largest wave to strike the island. Although 2004 tsunami sediment deposits are found on the island, we demonstrate that most of the sediment was deposited in the shallow coastal area, facilitating quick recovery of the beach when normal coastal processes resume.
A Comparative Althusserian Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Neighbors
Authors: Asadi Samaneh , Eslamieh Razieh
Published: August 2019

The present study presents a comparative Althusserian reading of two novels; one written in Iran as a Middle East country and the other written in the U.S as a Western country. Both novels, The Neighbors (1974) by J.D Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by Ahmad Mahmud, are written during the Second World War and both focus on the growth, psychological development and unconscious subjugation of a young adult facing conflicts amid socio-political or socio-cultural challenges. Reading the novels under Althusserian notions of Ideological State Apparatuses, Internal Police and Unconscious Subjugation can help deciphering the root problems of internal and external conflicts of Kahaled and Holden, the protagonists of the novels. Functioning through Ideological State Apparatuses, state power acts covertly without exerting particular force by manipulating individuals’ unconscious and culture. Despite experiencing different socio-cultural events, ultimately both characters find peace of mind in the shelter of family and a female character. The journey of transition from innocence to experience ends for Holden by finding Phoebe, his sister, as the source of solace and for Khaled by finding a beloved, the Black-Eyed.
Efectividad de los blanqueamientos de oficina, utilizando la espectrofotometria como medicina electrónica
Authors: Ayala Orantes Mario José , Banegas César Augusto , Guardado Gini , González Glenda Elenea , Meza Claudia , De Romero Elba Ivethe
Published: August 2019

El presente estudio demuestra la eficacia del tratamiento de blanqueamiento de oficina con peróxido de Hidrogeno al 38% (Xtra-Boost) y/Peróxido de Hidrogeno al 35% (POLA OFFICE), los cuales fueron aplicados a piezas del sector antero-superior y antero-inferior, en iguales condiciones, tomando medición electrónica exacta del color utilizando el espectrofotómetro Vita EASYSHADE demostrando acertada y verazmente el nivel de cambio registrado en el valor de las piezas dentales tratadas; mediciones tabuladas y graficadas que permitieron evidenciar cambios de hasta seis tonos en el valor según la guía Vita Pan clásica y de un grupo a otro en la guía 3D Master, demostrando así que un tratamiento más prolongado y de la misma forma controlado Llevaría a un cambio en el valor mucho más alto en la pieza dental, a su vez demostrando la precisión del espectrofotómetro comparado con el ojo humano, que tiende a medir de forma más deficiente, puesto que hay factores que difuminan la luz y no permiten un enfoque preciso de la imagen.
Seismic assessment of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced masonry walls in multi-storey buildings
Authors: Derakhshan Hossein , Dizhur Dmytro Y. , Griffith Michael C. , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

A procedure is proposed to evaluate the dynamic out-of-plane stability of cracked unreinforced masonry (URM) walls located in multi-storey URM buildings. The equations of dynamic motion are derived from first principles and representative single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models are proposed. The models have nonlinear stiffness properties that correspond to the restoring gravitational forces. A method is suggested to transform the nonlinear problem to a corresponding linear equivalent so that conventional spectral methods can be used to calculate wall response.
The dynamic interaction between the URM building as the main structural system and the out-of-plane loaded walls as secondary elements is addressed by developing floor response spectra. Several buildings were assumed in a parametric study and subjected to code-compatible ground motion records. The absolute acceleration response at floor levels was calculated and the response spectra for that modified acceleration were subsequently obtained.
The results from the study suggest that modifications should be made to the equations proposed for the Parts response spectra in the New Zealand seismic loading standard, NZS 1170.5:2004, in order to calculate the spectral response of out-of-plane loaded URM walls. Several worked examples are presented to demonstrate application of the procedure.
An inventory of unreinforced load-bearing stone masonry buildings in New Zealand
Authors: Giaretton Marta , Dizhur Dmytro , Da Porto Francesca , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

Almost all unreinforced stone masonry (URSM) buildings in New Zealand were constructed between 1860 and 1910, typically in regions where natural stone was sourced from local quarries, fields and rivers. These buildings form an important part of the country’s architectural heritage, but the performance of URSM buildings during earthquake induced shaking can differ widely due to many aspects related to the constituent construction materials and type of masonry wall cross-section morphology. Consequently, as a step towards gaining greater knowledge of the New Zealand URSM building stock and its features, an exercise was undertaken to identify and document the country-wide URSM building inventory. The compiled building inventory database includes: (i) general building information, such as address, building owner/tenant and building use; (ii) architectural configuration, such as approximate floor area, number of storeys, connection with other buildings, plan and elevation regularity; and (iii) masonry type, such as stone and mortar types, wall texture and wall cross-section morphology. From this exercise it is estimated that there is in excess of 668 URSM buildings currently in existence throughout New Zealand. A large number of these vintage URSM buildings require detailed seismic assessment and the implementation of seismic strengthening interventions in order to conserve and enhance this component of New Zealand’s cultural and national identity. The entire stock of identified buildings is reported in the appended annex (688 total), including 20 URSM buildings that were demolished following the Canterbury earthquake sequence.
Material properties of existing unreinforced clay brick masonry buildings in New Zealand
Authors: Almesfer Nasser , Dizhur Dmytro Y. , Lumantarna Ronald , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

The material properties of New Zealand’s heritage clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings were investigated and are reported herein. Material data was collected from a total of 98 New Zealand clay brick URM buildings and a database was compiled that was comprised of various masonry material properties. The intention behind the reporting of information and data presented herein was to provide indicative values to the professional engineering community to aid as preliminary input when undertaking detailed building assessments for cases where in-situ testing and brick and mortar sample extraction are not feasible. The data presented is also used to support the relationships for URM material properties that have been recommended by the authors for incorporation into the next version of the NZSEE seismic assessment guidelines for URM buildings. Although researchers from Europe, USA, India and Australia have previously studied the material properties of clay brick unreinforced masonry, knowledge on New Zealand URM material properties was poor at the time the study commenced. Therefore, a research programme was undertaken that was focused on both in-situ testing and laboratory testing of samples extracted from existing New Zealand clay brick URM buildings.
Detailed seismic assessment and improvement procedure for vintage flexible timber diaphragms
Authors: Giongo Ivan , Wilson Aaron , Dizhur Dmytro Y. , Derakhshan Hossein , Tomasi Roberto , Griffith Michael C. , Quenneville Pierre , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

Currently there is little guidance available on an experimentally-validated detailed seismic assessment procedure for vintage flexible timber diaphragms such as are routinely encountered in New Zealand unreinforced masonry buildings. The results from recent testing of full-scale diaphragms are presented and interpreted with particular attention given to the definition of shear stiffness and shear strength values, whilst acknowledging that the recommendations derive from a small data set. References are provided to information previously published elsewhere to justify the theoretical framework adopted, and the procedure is linked to ASCE 41-13 for guidance regarding diaphragm scenarios that have not been studied by the authors. A procedure is provided to account for the effects on diaphragm response of supplementary stiffness due to masonry end walls. The performance of several diaphragms that were improved with either overlays or underlays is reported as potential proof-tested standard solutions. The assessment procedure is demonstrated by providing a mock worked example of a detailed diaphragm assessment.
Earnings Announcement and the Performance of Security Prices of Companies Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: John O. Messo Raude , Byaruhanga John
Published: August 2019

Security price performance is a significant economic activity which measures the company’s wealth and plays a vital role in economic growth. Security price performance reflects investor perception to earn and grow returns in the future. However, this is not the case for the NSE, Kenya N20 share index, which for the past two to three years experienced declines in security prices prompting this study to investigate the effect of Earnings Announcements on the Performance of Security Prices of companies listed on the NSE, Kenya. The study applied the Dividend Signaling Theory, the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and the Market Expectation Theory. The study used the Event Study Methodology, administered a questionnaire and schedules to collect data from 25 listed companies, and used parametric statistical techniques - the ANOVA and Regression Analysis to analyze data and test the Hypotheses. The study found Earnings Announcements were insignificant at 5 percent significant level; thus, concluded that Earnings Announcements did not affect the Performance of Securities of companies listed on the NSE, Kenya. This study will guide the market activities and provide a better understanding of how to optimize returns. It will enable the policymakers to assess and evaluate the current status and, provide a platform for making reviews, designs, and formulate policies to regulate and control trading activities on the financial markets, contribute to knowledge and strengthen the foundation for further research. Future research should investigate the effects of other events on the performance of security prices of listed companies.
Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk
Authors: Lee M. T. , Lin W. C. , Lin L. J. , Wang S. Y. , Chang S. C. , Lee T. T.
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to fathom the underlying mechanisms of nutrition intervention and redox sensitive transcription factors regulated by Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product (FAC) dietary supplementation in broiler chickens.Methods: Four hundreds d-old broilers (41±0.5 g/bird) assigned to 5 groups were examined after consuming control diet, or control diet replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB), 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC. Liver mRNA expression of antioxidant, inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways were analyzed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in each group were tested in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) of 35-d old broilers to represent the stress level of the chickens. Furthermore, these cells were stimulated with 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the cell stress tolerance by measuring cell viability and oxidative species.Results: Heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and superoxide dismutase, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that regulates the above antioxidant genes were all up-regulated significantly in FAC groups. Reactive oxygen species modulator protein 1 and NADPH oxygenase 1 were both rather down-regulated in 10% FAC group as comparison with two WB groups. Despite expressing higher level than control group, birds receiving diet containing FAC had significantly lower expression level in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and other genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-richcontaining family, pyrin domain-containing-3, and cyclooxygenase 2) involving in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, except for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that showed relatively higher in both groups, the WB, lipoprotein lipase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein, fatty acid desaturase 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha genes were expressed at higher levels in 10% FAC group. In support of above results, promoted Nrf2 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in chicken liver were found in FAC containing groups. H2O2 and NO levels induced by LPS and AAPH in cPBMCs were compromised in FAC containing diet. In 35-d-old birds, PGE2 production in cPBMCs was also suppressed by the FAC diet.Conclusion: FAC may promote Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and positively regulate lipid metabolism, both are potential inhibitor of NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Co-ensiling garlic stalk with citrus pulp improves the fermentation quality and feed-nutritional value
Authors: Lee Youn Hee , Ahmadi Farhad , Kim Young Il , Oh Young-Kyoon , Kwak Wan Sup
Published: August 2019

Objective: Ensiling is a simple and effective method for long-term preservation; however, less information exists about the ensilability characteristics of garlic stalk (GS). Therefore, the objectives were to examine the ensiling feasibility of GS.Methods: The GS was ensiled alone or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum KU5 in the presence or absence of 5% molasses and ensiled for 7, 14, and 28 d. As an alternative storage method, GS was co-ensiled with wet citrus pulp (CP) at different proportions (GS:CP: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). Analysis was made on physicochemical, fermentative, and nutritional parameters.Results: The GS was found to be a biomass which is difficult to ensile. A combination of microbial inoculant and molasses was successful in the improvement of the silage fermentation quality of GS. Co-ensiling of GS with wet CP at the mixing ratio of 50:50 provided the most desirable silage fermentation parameters, including the substantial lactic acid formation, low final pH, minor effluent loss, and the more favorable organoleptic properties.Conclusion: Co-ensiling GS with CP appears to be a simple and viable method of conservation, enabling the more efficient utilization of these by-product resources over a prolonged period.