bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON THE EVALUATION METHODS OF INDOOR LIGHT ENVIRONMENT FOR OCCUPANT COMFORT AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Kim Ki Rim , Lee Kyung Sun , Lee Jaewook
Published: February 2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the importance of the indoor environment has increased. The indoor light environment is crucial because it impacts the energy consumption of buildings and affects human health and biorhythms as people spend most of their time indoors. Previous studies have concluded that the indoor light environment is essential to human health. However, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the indoor light environment related to occupants’ health in the context of building design. Therefore, this study aims to review and propose an indoor light environment evaluation methodology for human well-being using quantitative and qualitative evaluations of light, health, and environment. This study presents guidelines for evaluating buildings’ indoor light environment for sustainability and well-being. Additionally, it provides an overall checklist of the indoor light environment evaluation process in Conceptualization, Light Environment Identification, Questionnaire, Environment Analysis, Comparison, and Conclusion. The evaluation checklist established through the results of this study could help establish a research methodology for the indoor light environment for human well-being and apply it to evaluate indoor light environments for residents’ comfort and well-being.
Die Mariensäulen im Stadtraum zwischen Kunst und Symbol
Authors: Lang Susanne
Published: February 2024

Mariensäulen gelten als Signum der Gegenreformation, gerade auch im Reich der Habsburger. Dass die Erklärung als Triumphzeichen der Rekatholisierung zu kurz greift, zeigt ein Blick auf die Mariensäulen von Wien und Olmütz. Eine genauere Betrachtung der Platzsituation und damit des Wirkungskontextes der Säulen erweitert unser Verständnis von den Säulen und ihrer Wirkung im öffentlichen Raum.
Method of directly defining the inverse mapping for nonlinear fuzzy heat-like partial differential equations
Authors: Sahabandu C. W. , Dewasurendra M.
Published: February 2024

Natural phenomena or physical systems can be described using Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), such as wave equations, heat equations, Poisson’s equation, and so on. Consequently, investigations of PDEs have become one of the key areas of modern mathematical analyses, attracting a lot of attention. Many authors have recently expressed an interest in researching the theoretical framework of fuzzy Initial Value Problems (IVPs). The Method of Directly Defining the inverse Mapping (MDDiM) was effectively employed in this research to obtain the second-order approximate fuzzy solution of heatlike equations in one and two dimensions, and the results were compared with exact solutions. In each illustrated example, all the results achieved using Maple 16 were graphically depicted. This is the first time MDDiM was utilized to solve nonlinear Fuzzy Partial Differential Equations (FPDEs).
Leopards (Panthera pardus pardus) in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria: historical records and recent sightings
Authors: Jesus Gonçalo , Kamaya Pepeh , Sommer Volker
Published: February 2024

West-African populations of the African subspecies of leopards (Panthera pardus pardus) are very fragmented, particularly so in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation. We compile historical and recent information about the occurrence of these big cats in what is likely their last remaining stronghold: Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP) in Adamawa and Taraba States along the border with Cameroon. Leopards in GGNP’s northern Gumti sector are close to extinction, given that its open plains of savannah are heavily encroached upon by illegal cattle grazing. However, in GGNP’s southern Gashaka sector, leopards are better protected, given its often mountainous and densely forested landscape. We present specific data for a 30 km2 forest-savannah area around a research station at Kwano, which harbours sizeable populations of 35 species of prey species leopards target elsewhere. Here, direct evidence for leopard presence (e.g., footprints, scratchmarks, predation incidences, vocalizations, sightings, cameratrap images) amounts to 1 per year. Albeit this encounter rate is very low, it is relatively steady throughout the last 30 years and into the present. We assume that GGNP’s Gashaka sector represents one of the best chances for leopards to survive in Nigeria.
Expansive Duraplasty – Simple Technique with Promising Results in Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Garg Kanwaljeet , Agrawal Deepak , Hurlbert R John
Published: February 2024

Background:

Complete cervical spinal cord injury is devastating with the currently available treatment modalities offering no hope for improvement. Intrathecal pressure is raised following spinal cord injury due to injured and edematous spinal cord. Due to constraints of the thecal sac, this sets up a vicious cascade leading to further spinal cord injury. Durotomy and expansile duraplasty could potentially prevent this secondary spinal cord injury. The aim of our study is to assess the advantage of durotomy and expansile duraplasty in addition to spinal bony decompression and fixation for traumatic cervical spine fracture.

Methods:

Two patients with posttraumatic complete cervical spinal cord injury (ASIA A) were managed with expansile duraplasty in addition to decompression and fixation. A thorough examination including perianal sensations and bulbocavernosus reflex was done to rule out the possibility of incomplete cord injury with spinal shock. Both the patients underwent posterior decompression and lax duraplasty. Standard protocols of spinal cord injury were followed like maintenance of MAP >85 mmHg.

Results:

Both the patients showed significant improvement in clinical status improving to ASIA D from ASIA A.

Conclusion:

Durotomy and duraplasty may be offered in all patients with complete spinal cord injury who are undergoing instrumentation.
Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis and Familial Mediterranean Fever Coexistence
Authors: Diker Sevda
Published: February 2024

Background:

There is an intriguing relationship between familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and multiple sclerosis (MS). While FMF is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent, acute, self-limited attacks of fever and polyserositis, MS is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by autoreactive lymphocytes, microglial activation, and chronic neurodegeneration. In patients suffering from both FMF and MS, it would be interesting to test whether treatments for MS affect the course of FMF, or vice versa. However, this interaction has not been studied yet.

Case Presentation:

Herein is reported a case with FMF and relapsing-remitting MS in whom fingolimod, an immunomodulatory oral MS therapy, led to near-complete resolution of FMF symptoms.

Conclusion:

This report demonstrates an interesting clinical observation which may have promise for patients suffering both from MS and FMF. The drug's effect on the course of FMF needs further research.
Morphometric parameters of dental pulp in immature teeth in a sheep model after mechanical pulp exposure and restoration with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol
Authors: Saberi Eshaghali , Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza , Narouei Mahdieh , Jafari Lida , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Alireza , Saadatian Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Background:

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric parameters of dental pulp in open apices immature teeth in a sheep model after mechanical pulp exposure and restoration with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, a total of 12 immature mandibular central incisors from six adult male sheep, weighing 30–40 kg and with the age of 1 year old with Merino race were examined. After anesthesia, the pulps of the teeth in the case group were mechanically exposed and then were restored with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol and amalgam. In the control group, the teeth remained intact. The animals were sacrificed at intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks (E2, E4, E6, and E8) in the case and 2 and 8 weeks (C2 and C8) in the control groups. Then, their teeth were removed with the surrounding supporting tissues and alveolar bones. Tissue processing and staining were done, and the sections were examined under a light microscope. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data and compare the changes between the two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In response to mechanical exposure, reparative or tertiary dentin was formed, and its thickness increased during the time of the study. The thickness of the odontoblastic layer in the E4 group was the highest amount. The pulp chamber diameter in the C2 group was significantly larger than the other groups, and the diameter of the apical foramen in the E8 was decreased significantly compared to the controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In response to mechanical exposure and restoration with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol, some morphometric parameters of the dental pulp changed significantly in the sheep model compared to the controls.
Top cited publications for treatment of keloid with radiotherapy: A Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Siavashpour Zahra , Houshyari Mohammad , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Jafari Anya
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

The use of radiation to treat keloid scars has gained popularity during the last few decades. However, few bibliometric analyses have been performed on the published articles. This research aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the trends, top-cited articles, and frontier areas. In this cross-sectional study, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus database literature was searched for all MESH terms related to “keloid” and “radiotherapy.” The bibliometric analysis was carried out by VOSviewer 1.6.15. Articles with Web of Science-based citations of ≥20 were included. The citation per year index (CPYI) of articles was calculated for further inclusion of papers if they had CPYI higher than the mean value. There were 95 papers on keloid radiation that satisfied the inclusion criteria and were published between 1942 and 2019. The CPYI ranged from 0.38 to 11.3. Most studies were published in the “International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics” (9 papers). The United States has the most papers (14), followed by Japan (9), the Netherlands (7), and Germany (5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of top-cited papers on keloid radiotherapy. From 2014 to the present, it seems that this title has resurfaced as a popular topic, with radiotherapy within 24 h of surgery being the most commonly recommended treatment plan. Since around 2011, high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) has been used as an effective treatment for keloid control. Individualization of therapy and dose/technique based on the location is strongly suggested.
Comparative assessment of factors affecting anxiety levels among adults attending online meditation sessions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pal Anjali , Panigrahi Sunil Kumar , Majumdar Sagarika
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic induced the governments around the world to impose harsher preventive measures like stay at home order, lock down etc., to contain the spread of infection. This measure increased the stress of the general population through isolation of masses, loss of employment, and loss of recreation. There is a dearth of quality data showing anxiety levels among the population and association of novel nonpharmaceutical measures such as online meditation with it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study is a cross-sectional comparative study based on an online survey. The study population included 74 adult participants, out of which 30, included in the study group were attending structured online meditation sessions and 44 of the participants as a comparison group after matching age, gender, location of residence, and socioeconomic status. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was applied to ascertain factors contributing to the anxiety levels of the participants.

RESULTS:

Both the groups of participants were comparable in terms of their demographic characteristics. The mean generalized anxiety disorder (GAD 7) score among the participants of online meditation program was significantly lower as compared to those not attending any online meditation. 6.7% of the participants of online meditation had GAD 7 score more than 10 as compared to 13.6% among the comparison group (P value 0.7).

CONCLUSION:

“At home” mental health promotion measures such as structured online meditation can serve an important role in mitigating the mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the community. Further researches are needed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of such measures.
Barriers faced by health-care workers in use of personal protective equipment during COVID pandemic at tertiary care hospital Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Sharma Maneesh , Sharma Divita , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Mohanty Aroop , Khapre Meenakshi , Kalyani C. Vasantha
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

To reduce the likelihood of transmission of infection to health-care workers (HCWs), personal protective equipment is used. However, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) increases the risk of heat stress and loss of dexterity, leads to poor compliance to PPE. To address the issues of poor compliance to PPE, it was necessary to gain a deeper understanding about the factors that influence compliance. Thus this qualitative study was planned to explore barriers faced by HCWs while using PPE during a pandemic situation in a tertiary care hospital, Uttarakhand, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A exploratory qualitative study was undertaken among health care workers involved in the care of COVID patients. FGDs were done and an unstructured interview guide with open-ended questions was used which helped to explore the factors which can be potential barriers to the HCWs while working wearing PPE.

RESULTS:

Organizational and individual factors acting as barriers such as unavailability of essential personal protective equipment, a disharmonious work environment, lack of comfort, inadequate size, and quality of PPE were identified as the major barriers in the present study.

CONCLUSION:

Future efforts to optimize PPE use should focus on to adequate supplies both in quality and quantity can help in avoidance of such barriers. Resources should be prioritized with the needs of the HCWs in the times of pandemic. Regular training and feedbacks are necessary for the satisfaction of HCWs and improving PPE compliance.
Pathologists’ professional lifestyle
Authors: Omidifar Navid , Hafezi bafti Aref , Shokripour Mansoureh , Amini Mitra , Erana-Rojas Irma Elisa , Moghimizadeh Mohammadali
Published: February 2024

For a successful treatment process, the medical team members must be in good physical and mental condition. Pathologists are one of the main modern medicine members that should be consulted in all stages of the treatment procedure. Sixty-six percent of clinical decisions are made based on in vitro diagnosis. Burnout is defined as chronic uncontrolled occupational stress. Burnout has a massive impact on patient safety, quality of treatment, and reduced patient satisfaction. Physician satisfaction with his job affects patient satisfaction and the quality of medical services provided. The most influential factors on quality of life were exercise and physical activity, having leisure time, and not smoking. In different aspects of lifestyle, physicians have scored lower on their physical activity index. One of the most critical pillars of human life is their religiosity. The presence of religious beliefs among physicians is strong. Workload and increased responsibilities are the most effective factors on pathologists’ stress. Pathology creates a bridge between basic sciences and clinical sciences. Therefore, promoting pathology education leads to training better physicians. The purpose of compiling this Narrative review is to clarify the issues raised in various aspects of pathologists’ lives and provide solutions to improve each of them. There are several solutions to the problems raised in this article: Increasing salaries, improving working conditions, creating a better view of pathologists by avoiding isolation and being more active and visible, and paying attention to medical education. We recommend that researchers review issues in other medical specialties to provide accurate and concise information to physicians and policymakers.
Exploring the experiences of nurses and physicians infected with COVID-19
Authors: Moghimian Maryam , Farzi Kolsoum , Farzi Sedigheh , Moladoost Azam , Safiri Simin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Health-care providers, including physicians and nurses, are vital resources of the health-care system, and their health is essential to ensure safe care and to control outbreaks in the community. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of physicians and nurses infected with COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 2020. To conduct this study, 19 participants (5 physicians and 14 nurses) were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis.

RESULTS:

Eight main categories of “Fear and anxiety,” “Fighting against COVID-19,” “Feeling abandoned during home quarantine period,” “Denial of disease despite testing positive,” “Recovery: the second opportunity,” “Imposition of psychological burden after returning to work,” “Promotion of the health professional perception,” and “Promising supportive resources,” as well as 21 subcategories, were extracted from the participants' experiences.

CONCLUSION:

The experiences of physicians and nurses with COVID-19 revealed that their perception of the profession and providing care had changed. This experience has highlighted the focus and effort to promote patient-centered care and interprofessional collaboration among them.
Refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Natarajan Ramya , Mohamed Ashik , Parameswarappa Deepika C. , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Bagga Deepak Kumar , Durai C. Vijay Reena
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the factors influencing the refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade (SOT) and silicone oil removal (SOR) in different lens statuses post-vitreoretinal surgery.

DESIGN:

Retrospective analysis of three different lens statuses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a descriptive study that included 150 eyes of 147 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with SOT and SOR between January 2017 and June 2021. Demographic profile, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and its association with clinical features were evaluated with SOT and post-SOR.

RESULTS:

The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age was 47 ± 17.8 years, including all three groups. SER was represented in diopters (D). The mean ± SD refraction with SOT in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was 4.28 ± 2.59 D, 2.94 ± 2.58 D, and 3.98 ± 4.82 D. The mean SER post-SOR in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was −2.72 ± 2.03 D, −1.12 ± 1.41 D, and 8.22 ± 3.70 D. The diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) among 96 eyes (64%) is the common indicator to perform vitreoretinal (VR) surgery. A minority of subjects were managed with retinal lasers before VR surgery (14%). The macula was attached in 100 eyes (67.6%), the belt buckle was done in 37 eyes (24.7%), and the silicone oil viscosity with 1000 centistoke was chosen in 129 eyes (86%).

CONCLUSION:

SOT was used as a tamponade in VR surgeries irrespective of lens status. The significant predictor for post-SOR refraction in phakic and aphakic is post-SOT refraction. In pseudophakic, gender and diagnosis of RRD are the predictors of SOR refraction.
Is there a relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure of the convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire?
Authors: Biswas Vishal , Masihuzzaman Mohammad , Jha Roshan Kumar , Majumder Roshni
Published: February 2024

AIMS:

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire in university undergraduate and post-graduate students.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Centre-based and questionnaire-based.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Subjects were recruited from a university. First, an e-Survey was conducted with the help of Google form and distributed through WhatsApp and Gmail to carry out the survey. The age group of participants was ranged from 18 to 30 years. A total number of 561 responses was received during the data collection period. As per the exclusion criteria, 230 responses were excluded from the study. Out of 331 students, 154 were male while 177 were female. Out of 331 participants, 213 were undergraduates and 118 were postgraduate’s students.

RESULTS:

A total of 331 participants took part in the study. The minimum age was 18 years and the maximum age was 30 years. The mean age of the participants was 23.40 ± 2.42. Among all students, 23.81% had somatic sensations followed by 10.49% had impaired vision, and 16.31% had a poor cognitive function. The correlation between somatic sensations-impaired visions was a moderate positive correlation and a strong positive correlation between somatic sensations-cognitive performance and impaired vision-cognitive performance.

CONCLUSIONS:

A significant relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance was found in the study. The students had more somatic sensations than impaired vision and cognitive performance.
Exploring histological predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cho Uiju , Im Soyoung , Park Hyung Soon
Published: February 2024

Treatment challenges persist in advanced lung cancer despite the development of therapies beyond the traditional platinum-based chemotherapy. The early 2000s marked a shift to tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, ushering in personalized genetic-based treatment. A further significant advance was the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially for non–small cell lung cancer. These target programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, which enhanced the immune response against tumor cells. However, not all patients respond, and immune-related toxicities arise. This review emphasizes identifying biomarkers for ICI response prediction. While PD-L1 is a widely used, validated biomarker, its predictive accuracy is imperfect. Investigating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tertiary lymphoid structure, and emerging biomarkers such as high endothelial venule, Human leukocyte antigen class I, T-cell immunoreceptors with Ig and ITIM domains, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 counts is promising. Understanding and exploring additional predictive biomarkers for ICI response are crucial for enhancing patient stratification and overall care in lung cancer treatment.
Fundamentals of Lie categories
Authors: Grad Žan
Published: February 2024

We introduce the basic notions and present examples and results on Lie categories – categories internal to the category of smooth manifolds. Demonstrating how the units of a Lie category 

\mathcal{C}

dictate the behavior of its invertible morphisms

\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{C})

, we develop sufficient conditions for

\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{C})

to form a Lie groupoid. We show that the construction of Lie algebroids from the theory of Lie groupoids carries through, and ask when the Lie algebroid of

\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{C})

is recovered. We reveal that the lack of the invertibility assumption on morphisms leads to a natural generalization of rank from linear algebra, develop its general properties, and show how the existence of an extension

\mathcal{C}\hookrightarrow \mathcal{G}

of a Lie category to a Lie groupoid affects the ranks of morphisms and the algebroids of

\mathcal{C}

. Furthermore, certain completeness results for invariant vector fields on Lie monoids and Lie categories with well-behaved boundaries are obtained. Interpreting the developed framework in the context of physical processes, we yield a rigorous approach to the theory of statistical thermodynamics by observing that entropy change, associated to a physical process, is a functor.
Entertainment Authority Mobile Application Saudi Arabia: Smart Station
Authors: Khairallah Enas
Published: February 2024

Bus service is considered as one of the major public transportations used by the people. Especially in the areas that have many people such as festivals. Nowadays, there are many events and festivals are going on in Jeddah city. Moreover, there is a huge need to the bus services during the Jeddah season. At the same time, this service has many difficulties faced visitors and bus drivers, such as: lack of information about the bus (location of a bus in real-time, status of a bus: empty or full), and lack of information about the bus stations. Moreover, and based on real experiment during Jeddah’s season waiting in the bus station is a frustrating process. Therefore, this paper proposed a mobile application on google play that facilitates the transportation between the event’s areas by seeing the bus location map and the number of empty passenger seats. The application also serves the bus driver, by clarifying if there is someone at the bus station or not so the driver can decide to move to the next station or stop in the station. A sensor device and LCD screen are used to help in the counting process.There are many goals of the proposed project the main goal is to make an application that serves a large segment of society during the festival seasons of the Saudi Entertainment Authority especially in transportation: i) organizes and facilitates transportation in the Jeddah season for entertainment, ii) save visitor’s time and reduce traffic by tracking the bus location, knowing distance between the user and bus, and the number of bus passengers, and iii) easy and simple user interface for easy use. To evaluate the proposed application many tests and evaluation tools have been used and prove the effectiveness of the application.
Design and Numerical Analysis of Double-Base Swirl Injector for
Ethanol/Hydrogen-Peroxide Based Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine
Authors: Kumar G. Dinesh , Agarwal Abishek Garg
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a study of numerical cold flow analysis of double-base swirl
injector design using Ansys Fluent. The study focuses on the design validation
and development of double-base liquid-liquid swirl injector for Ethanol(Fuel)
and Hydrogen Peroxide(Oxidizer) based liquid propellant rocket engine. The green
propellant contains 80% Ethanol (C2H5OH) as fuel and 60%
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) as oxidizer. A comprehensive
data, obtained from NASA CEARun code, of performance parameters and carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide emission of most commonly used propellant is
compared with ethanol and hydrogen-peroxide based propellant is presented for
reference. Secondly, the paper presents the theoretical design model of Swirl
Injector, and numerical cold flow study of swirl injector model. For this the 3D
models of fuel and oxidizer swirl nozzles are designed separately as per the
theoretical design parameters. Poly-hexacore type fluent meshing is used to
generate valid mesh. A 3-D, Steady State, Pressure based, SST k-omega Turbulence
model is used to carry out the cold-flow simulations. The CFD simulations are
carried out separately for oxidizer and fuel nozzles and finally combined model
is used for final analysis. Also, this paper presents the study of effects of
varying contraction angle (α = 50 °, 55 °, 60°) of the swirl chamber and outlet
orifice diameter (do = 3.4, 3.6. 3.8 mm) in swirl injector(oxidizer
nozzle) using 9 different models. It was found that increasing or decreasing the
contraction angle of the swirl chamber results in narrower and wider spray cone
angle and also increment and decrement in mass flow rate of the fluid
respectively. The final result of this comparative study concluded that nozzle
with α = 55 ° and Do = 3.4mm gave the best result out of the 9
different geometric parameters. The theoretical design mass flow rate of fuel
and oxidizer is obtained and validated numerically at design pressure drop value
of 1.5 bar for both the fuel and the oxidizer nozzle. The post-processing
analysis results are presented in the form of contours, streamlines and
comparative graphs. The theoretical design model of the swirl injector is
validated successfully through numerical analysis of the swirl injector model.
Further, this swirl injector model can be developed to carryout experimental
tests and validation.
Rad Bett Sessel–An Integrated Wheelchair Bed for Incorporating
Ergonomics into Mobility and Rest
Authors: Senthil Kumar R. , Mohamed Hanifa M. , Jayasooriya M. , Lekshmikanth L. , Krishnaraj S. , Subathra T.
Published: February 2024

The “Integrated Wheelchair Bed” is an innovative assistive technology designed to
address the unique needs of individuals with mobility challenges. This duality
concept is born out of a deep understanding of the daily challenges faced by
those who require mobility aids for transportation and also need to rest
periodically throughout the day, allowing for seamless transitions between
mobility and rest. This dichotomy promotes both physical well-being and
emotional independence, enhancing the overall quality of life for users. The
need for a new wheelchair bed hybrid arises from evolving user requirements,
such as improved comfort, compactness, customization, safety, technology
integration, cost-efficiency, durability, versatility, aesthetics, healthcare
integration, and sustainability. To overcome these problems, we have proposed a
wheelchair that can be transformed into a bed using a two-bar linkage with a
slot lock mechanism. The two-bar linkage facilitates the easy conversion system
without much effort and any assistance. The slot lock mechanism is used to
adjust and arrest the backrest which ensures the user’s safety during positional
transitions. In addition to this, Castor wheels with braking systems are used to
keep the wheelchair from moving on uneven terrain. Rigorous feasibility testing
and user feedback gathered at medical camps underscore our commitment to
user-centric innovation, ultimately aimed at enhancing the independence and
overall quality of life for individuals with mobility challenges.
Enhancing Tribological Effectiveness of Polypropylene with Carbon
Fiber Composites via Fused deposition modeling Technology by Varying Infill
Speeds
Authors: Surendra S. , Sireesha S.C. , Kumar Siva , Suresh P.
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a common way to make things faster in
manufacturing era today. A mix of polypropylene (PP) and carbon fiber (CF)
blended filament is strong and bonded well. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a
common way to make things. For this research, made the test samples using a mix
of PP and CF filament through FDM printer by varying infill speed of 40 meters
per sec 50 meters per sec and 60 meters per sec in sequence. The tested these
samples on a tribometer testing machine that slides them against a surface with
different forces (from 5 to 20 N) and speeds (from 1 to 4 meters per sec). The
findings of the study revealed a consistent linear increase in both wear rate
and coefficient of friction across every sample analyzed. Nevertheless,
noteworthy variations emerged when evaluating the samples subjected to the 40m/s
infill speed test. Specifically, these particular samples exhibited notably
lower wear rates and coefficients of friction compared to the remaining test
samples in various dry sliding test conditions, encompassing applied load and
sliding velocity. This outcome strongly indicates that the utilization of a
40m/s infill speed in the fabrication of PP with CF composites yields enhanced
tribological performance. This enhancement can be attributed to the proficient
bonding of uniformly distributed particles and the efficient adhesion between
successive layers throughout the entire sample structure. Visual scrutiny of
scanning electron microscope (SEM) images depicting the worn surfaces further
elucidated the underlying wear mechanism. Particularly striking was the
observation that samples subjected to the 40m/s infill speed exhibited
diminished accumulation of debris and reduced plastic flow in comparison to
their counterparts. Findings strongly activist the use of this composite in
automotive and aerospace components requiring rotational or oscillatory
motion.
Proposal for Gemba-Kaizen Implementation to Enhance Efficiency in the
Medium-Scale Bus Body Fabrication Industry
Authors: Balakrishnan S. , Senthilkumar K. , Rajkumar V. , Jerold John Britto J.
Published: February 2024

The basic needs of people are met by the building, fabric, and farming sectors.
In addition, the automobile industry significantly contributes to human mobility
and is essential to India’s economic expansion. There are numerous research
strategies available to improve the bus body building industries. Several
investigative approaches for enhancing bus body building industries are
available. However, several of these studies merely look at it from the
perspective of shop floor activity. Accordingly, when it comes to the execution
of process design approaches, there is little practical evidence for accepting
Gemba kaizen’s attitude. Hence, the purpose of this article is to present a
continuous improvement redesign framework tailored to a specific bus body
building industrial sector. The proposed model is structured after a critical
examination of Gemba and Kaizen. The results showed that by implementing the
improvement initiatives, the number of process activities decreased from 44 to
25 (of which 43% were wasteful), and the cycle time decreased from an average of
112 hours to 68 hours, or 39% faster. The outcomes also show how the suggested
model helped organizations reduce resource usage and enhance organizational
effectiveness.
Characterization of Enhanced Magnetorheological Fluid Damper and Its
Influence on Sustainable Hard Turning of SS410
Authors: Ajay Vasanth X. , Sam Paul P. , Lawrance G. , Rajkumar V. , Senthilkumar K.
Published: February 2024

Sustainable manufacturing, a term that has been used in the recent past on
numerous occasions. A primary reason for it being in limelight, is that it does
not cause any damage to the environment and also to the personal involved.
Additionally, another important parameter of concern is the energy consumed
during the machining process. One major reason for higher energy consumption is
because of the presence of tool vibration. There have been several attempts made
to reduce vibration and though they have been proved to be effective, they could
be not classified under sustainable manufacturing. When used as a semi-active
damper in metal cutting, magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has proven to be
successful in vibration suppression. MRF is an intelligent non-Newtonian fluid
that can change its viscosity instantly when a magnetic field is applied to it.
They've utilised it as a damper in a number of areas because of this quality and
its toughness. One significant drawback is the settling of magnetic particles
floating in a non-magnetic fluid. When the current provided to the coil is
increased, the settling rate becomes much worse. Increased current increases the
amount of heat created in the coil, which heats the non-magnetic fluid and
reduces its viscosity. Stabilizers are added to MRF to address this issue, and
particle size has an immediate impact on settling. In this study, activated
carbon and titanium were used as stabilisers, and the size of the magnetic
particles was adjusted to see how it affected the viscosity of MRF. The testing
results showed that adding stabilisers to MRF enhanced the viscosity and thus
the cutting capability of SS410 steel during dry hard turning.
A Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering Study of the Shape Memory
Properties of Aluminum/Silicon Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Francis Xavier J. , Rethinavelsubramanian A. , Jayabalakrishnan D. , Maniyarasan M. , John Solomon I.
Published: February 2024

Using dc magnetron sputtering, Al/Si films were made on surfaces made of fused
quartz and silicon. It was carefully controlled that the films contained no more
than 7 at.% silicon under ideal deposition conditions. This was done by changing
the target's structure and adding silicon lines to it. This had to be done to
get a good reading on how much silicon was in the plates. After being heated to
800°C and then cooled in very cold water, the thermo-elastic face-centered cubic
structure changed into the flat crush test martensite. In Al/Si films with a Si
content of 25.6%, this change took place. It looks like the shift in the
opposite way was also thermoelastic. The several thermoelastic transitions that
happened were caused by changes in temperature. Some Al-36 at.% Si coatings that
were scraped off of a quartz substrate showed shape memory qualities when heated
after being deformed. The coverings on these things were warped. Before the
fabrication process began, a diaphragm-shaped film that stood alone was made and
placed on a thin Si substrate. With a transformation hysteresis loop of about
12OC and a temperature difference of only a few degrees from room
temperature, this film has great hysteresis qualities. Another good hysteresis
quality is a transformation hysteresis loop of about 12OC. When
heated and cooled several times, this diaphragm-shaped film showed a reversible
tendency to expand, stretching as much as 0.08%.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Date Seed
and Neem Gum Powder Added Natural Composites
Authors: DINESH D. , Boopathiraja K.P. , Rajamurugan G. , Ramamoorthi R. , Yuvaraj K.P. , Babu N.
Published: February 2024

The experimental investigation aims to improve natural composite materials
aligned with feasible development principles. These composites can be exploited
across several industries, including the automobile and biomedical sectors. This
research employs date seed powder and neem gum powder as reinforcing agents,
along with polyester resin as the base material. The fabrication route comprises
compression moulding, causing the production of the natural composite material.
This study focuses extensively on mechanical characteristics such as tensile
strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact resistance to undergo
comprehensive testing. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the composites
are examined using the FTIR test to gain understanding by integrating different
proportions of date seed powder (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and neem gum powder (0%,
3%, 6%, and 9%) in the matrix phase. These investigation goals are to evaluate
the strength and performance of the fabricated composite materials. The results
acquired from these evaluations contribute to identifying the finest loading
situations that can be efficiently applied in real-time applications.
Prediction of Electric Vehicle Price in India using Simple Linear
Regression
Authors: Raj Joshua Daniel , Immanuel J. Samson , Karthik P. , Jayanthi M.
Published: February 2024

The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has been steadily increasing in recent
years, led by the factors like environmental concerns, government incentives,
and improvements in EV technology. The EV’s growth is expected to increase in
the coming years as EVs become more affordable and more models become available
on the market. Predicting the price of electric vehicles provides valuable
insights on the EV market and inform a range of business, consumer, financial,
and policy decisions. Predicting the price of electric vehicles using simple
linear regression involves building a linear regression model with a single
independent variable usually the vehicle’s characteristics or features to
predict the dependent variable the price.This work has predicted the price of
Electric Vehicle using a data set prepared for the Indian context. It has been
predicted that there is significant correlation between battery capacity in Ah
and the vehicle price. The measured RMSE value is 26274.942642891292. The
measured value indicates that the model is better at predicting the price of an
electrical vehicle.
Optimization of Upright System of an Electric All-Terrain Vehicle
(e-ATV) with Force Calculation and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ayyakkannu Vadivel , Ajay Subramani N. , Boojithkumar N. , Siva Subramaniyan J.
Published: February 2024

In an All-Terrain Vehicle design competition Knuckle is an important component
which carries the complete wheel assembly and loads with itself. Loads in the
wheels are directly transferred to the upright which can withstands itself with
the proper design and force calculations. Forces are generated in the links of
the upright and transferred to the chassis via tyre. The following study aims to
design and manufacture knuckle by reducing the weight with the help of necessary
force calculations on dynamic conditions in addition with Finite Element
Analysis. Mass is the primary optimization in this analysis. We reduced up to
48.5% of mass from original design to get a final mass in rear upright and
necessary force calculations for the front upright. The shape of the Upright is
also well optimized according to compensate the suspension hardpoints. The front
upright has Tie rod, caliper mounting, upper and lower arms. Lower the weight of
the upright, higher the stability of the All-Terrain vehicle which contributes
to the upsprung mass, impacts, and concluding remarks of the work.
Risk of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Which factors are most relevant?
Authors: Batta Akash , Hatwal Juniali
Published: February 2024

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a formidable treatment option for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis ahead of surgical aortic valve replacement. The encouraging results from large randomized controlled trials has resulted in an exponential rise in the use of TAVR even in the low-risk patients. However, this is not without challenges. Need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) post-TAVR remains the most frequent and clinically relevant challenge. Naturally, identifying risk factors which predispose an individual to develop high grade conduction block post-TAVR is important. Various demographic factors, electrocardiographic features, anatomic factors and procedural characteristics have all been linked to the development of advanced conduction block and need for PPM following TAVR. Amongst these electrophysiological variables, most notably a prolonged QRS > 120 ms regardless of the type of conduction block seems to be one of the strongest predictors on logistic regression models. The index study by Nwaedozie et al highlights that patients requiring PPM post-TAVR had higher odds of having a baseline QRS > 120 ms and were more likely to be having diabetes mellitus that those who did not require PPM.
Cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: An important underutilized treatment strategy
Authors: Kourek Christos , Dimopoulos Stavros
Published: February 2024

Physical inactivity remains in high levels after cardiac surgery, reaching up to 50%. Patients present a significant loss of functional capacity, with prominent muscle weakness after cardiac surgery due to anesthesia, surgical incision, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and mechanical ventilation that affects their quality of life. These complications, along with pulmonary complications after surgery, lead to extended intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay and significant mortality rates. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation, this treatment strategy still remains broadly underutilized in patients after cardiac surgery. Prehabilitation and ICU early mobilization have been both showed to be valid methods to improve exercise tolerance and muscle strength. Early mobilization should be adjusted to each patient’s functional capacity with progressive exercise training, from passive mobilization to more active range of motion and resistance exercises. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the gold standard for exercise capacity assessment and optimal prescription of aerobic exercise intensity. During the last decade, recent advances in healthcare technology have changed cardiac rehabilitation perspectives, leading to the future of cardiac rehabilitation. By incorporating artificial intelligence, simulation, telemedicine and virtual cardiac rehabilitation, cardiac surgery patients may improve adherence and compliance, targeting to reduced hospital readmissions and decreased healthcare costs.
Revisiting and reimagining scholarly approaches: assessing the notion of intensity in complex non-international armed conflicts through aggregation
Authors: Bradley Martha M.
Published: February 2024

Non-international armed conflicts, where a multiplicity of organized armed groups operate in close spatial and temporal proximity, challenge those tasked with conflict classification. The ICRC 2019 Challenges Report specifically flagged the difficulty in determining whether the necessary level of intensity is met in such situations where alliances or coalitions of distinct non-state armed groups engage a common enemy. This reality demands an alternative to the traditional bilateral intensity assessment approach. This contribution explores existing scholarly aggregation models in the context of ongoing conflicts to establish how these could be reimagined to be fit for purpose. These formulations include three types of approaches: first, the approach demanding a temporal and geographic continuum; second, two different views on the approach limiting aggregate assessment to coalitions; and, finally, the approach necessitating a common enemy. It is argued that these formulations may result in over-classification of non-international armed conflicts if applied as is across the board. This contribution proposes reimagined aggregation assessment models to be applied only if matched with the suggested corresponding categories of complex conflict setting.