bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child Sexual Abuse and the Symbolic Geographies of Cleveland
Authors: Cream J
Published: October 2006

By the end of 1987, Cleveland in northern England had been attributed with a new and disturbing meaning. It was the centre of a ‘crisis' about the sexual abuse of children. Although no one yet knows the ‘truth’ about the situation, popular and strongly held perceptions of what really happened remain widespread and entrenched. In this paper, the way in which a place came to be associated with a particular set of meanings is examined; the reasons why some readings are ‘silenced’ whereas others enter the dominant public discourse are investigated. In ‘Cleveland’, feminist perspectives were suppressed. The debate around child sexual abuse successfully avoided the question of who was doing the abusing, and there was a deafening silence on how to prevent that abuse. The issue of sexuality appeared to be edited out of the agenda. An examination of the symbolic geographies of a particular place such as Cleveland allows an analysis of power and the nature of society. It is now difficult to mention the name ‘Cleveland’ without triggering an array of images associated with child sexual abuse. What these images arc is important for any understanding of the situation whereby ‘Cleveland’ became a metaphor for child sexual abuse.
Chiasm of Thought-and-Action
Authors: Olsson G
Published: October 2006

How do I know the difference between you and me and how do we share our beliefs in the same? How are we made so obedient and so predictable? As a minimalist approach to these questions I imagine human thought-and-action as a double helix, It is assumed firstly, that man is a semiotic animal, a species whose individuals are kept together and apart by their use of signs; secondly, that every sign within itself combines elements of drastically different ontologies. This invisible world is then captured in a three-dimensional coordinate system whose axes are those of identity, difference, and intentionality. While the resulting map is anchored in fix-points of silence, the real world of socialization and understanding is always in flux. The paper closes with a pastiche on Carl von Linné's Flora Suecica; in the current world of thought-and-action, signifier and signified are assigned the same ordering functions as stamina and pistil once were in the world of plants. How do I draw the invisible lines of the taken-for-granted? How do I project a dematerialized point onto a transparent plane?
‘Race’ and Sexuality: Challenging the Patriarchal Structuring of Urban Social Space
Authors: Peake Linda
Published: October 2006

The topic of patriarchy has received little direct attention by geographers but it is addressed in this paper as a central tenet of the structuring of urban social space. Drawing on an outline of the various ways in which the city has been treated as a site embodying patriarchal principles, the author teases out the heterosexist and white cultural constructions that permeate our treatment of patriarchy, A call is made for explicit attention to be paid to constructions of sexuality and “race”. The contributions to these topics by lesbian feminists and black and African-American feminists are drawn into a framework for a reinvigorated conceptualization of patriarchy. Two aspects of empirical work carried out in Grand Rapids, MI, in 1989 are analyzed in relation to this framework, namely living arrangements among low-income Anglo-American and African-American women and the creation of a lesbian residential area. The paper concludes with an assessment of the extent to which our constructions of “race”, gender, and sexuality help us understand whether empirical changes in the social and spatial constitution of households are challenging the patriarchal structuring of urban social space.
Marxisms, Modernities, and Moralities: Development Praxis and the Claims of Distant Strangers
Authors: Corbridge S
Published: October 2006

Development studies have sometimes been presented as a set of social practices which are concerned with helping or changing peoples and places in the Third World—a noble ambition, it used to be thought, but one now widely condemned as elitist, ethnocentric, and dirigiste. Modernisation theories have not been alone in attracting such criticism, Marxist development studies have also reached an impasse, and confidence in their supposed metanarratives has not been improved by the collapse of many socialist economies. In place of these modernist discourses we are now being presented with (amongst other things) a seemingly atheoretical populism—which triumphs a localist activism—and a cacophony of voices from the diverse traditions of postmodernism and postcolonialism. The project of ‘development’ is being rendered problematical in a way that it rarely was previously in the postcolonial period.

In this paper, I explore the impasse in Marxist development studies and welcome the impetus behind many of these new voices (including new voices from the periphery). At the same time, I am concerned to promote a radically modernist post-Marxism in which the deepening logics of time-space compression that bind together the modern world economy are recognised and in which the obligations that some peoples and institutions should hold to distant (and not so distant) strangers are voiced. In this manner, I resist the nihilistic relativism which underpins some aspects of the new ‘antidevelopmentalism’. I also place geography at the centre of an argument for a minimally universalist account of human needs and our responsibilities to them.
Restructuring of the Labour Market and the Role of Third World Migrations in Europe
Authors: Pugliese E
Published: October 2006

This paper is an analysis of the way in which the changes in the labour market and in the occupational structure in Europe affect the situation and the role of Third World migrants, The author singles out, first, the main differences between the present migratory waves and the intra-European migrations of the 1960s and 1970s. Not only are the numbers of nationalities and ethnic groups who participate in the new migratory experience greater now than before, but also the destinations are different. At the time of the great intra-European migrations the receiving areas were the most developed European industrial countries: now Spain, Italy, and Greece also attract a large number of migrants from the Third World.

Intra-European migrations were industrial migrations because manufacturing and building industries were the most important and growing economic activities. While industrial employment increased, the working class and the industrial conflict were the basic factors of those societies. Present-day migrations are postindustrial migrations. Immigrants work mostly in service activities and not infrequently in the informal economy. In any case migrant workers are located in the secondary labour market. The picture is made more complex by the fact that many immigrants are alegal or illegal because of the restrictive immigration policies in European countries.

The casual character of the migrants' occupations, coupled with the fact that some of them are not settled, but keep migrating within the hosting countries, makes more difficult their union organization. Besides that, the forms of solidarity which are developing now are less and less class based, but are based on ethnic and religious bonds.
Frustrated Respectability: Local Culture and Politics in London's Docklands
Authors: Morgan G
Published: October 2006

How useful is the concept of urban community in modern society? The author considers the arguments of some observers of modernity who view local community as insignificant. Although the economic foundations of such community might well be eroded, definitions of local identity continue to have significance in lived culture and are important in shaping the political views of those who live in traditional working-class neighbourhoods. The history of London's Docklands is examined. The defence of local labour markets and the wish for the community to be viewed as respectable rather than rough, largely account for the residents' desire to mark out the boundaries of locality. The spatial limits of specific communities cannot themselves be objectively deduced from structural forces such as class or ethnic relations. Yet on a subjective level the popular desire to mark out the limits of community can be understood with reference to such forces. From the 1970s the Docklands economic base was destabilised and the foundations of the traditional community was weakened, In Bermondsey, large numbers of new residents took up residence in the 1970s. They were seen by the locals as threatening to undermine an authentic local identity. The conflict between traditional and newer residents was evident in the struggles within the Bermondsey Labour Party branches in the early 1980s, which preceded the endorsement of the ‘newcomer’ Peter Tatchell as the official Labour Party Parliamentary candidate. Tatchell was subsequently attacked by the tabloid press for his sexuality, his appearance, and his ‘trendy’ inner-city radicalism. He was presented as the very antithesis of the authentic Bermondsey worker. This campaign of villification resulted in the defeat of Tatchell in a safe Labour seat in the by-election. This defeat demonstrates how the moral politics of the New Right, which were being given expression by the press, converged with the frustrated respectability of the white working class in the area.
From Centralised State to Local Government the Case of Poland in the Light of Western European Experience
Authors: Jensen H T , Plum V
Published: October 2006

Several countries in Western Europe have experienced a restructuring of local and regional government. In Scandinavia local government has been a cornerstone in the building of the welfare society. In the last couple of years Poland (and other Eastern European countries) has been restructured to reduce the central state and to give more power to the private sector and the local government. It is argued that coordination at the local-government level is important for a relevant economic and political response to local problems. A framework is provided for an understanding of the development of the central and local states at the cost of activities performed earlier by the family and the local community, but also as a support (in service and regulation) to activities of the private sector.

Second, it is argued that the new EC slogan, ‘a Europe of regions’, has the purpose of strengthening the regional level economically and politically and thereby of dismantling and weakening the national state in order to strengthen the EC. Third, the problems and scope of the Polish local-government reform are illustrated, from vertical control to horizontal coordination. There are difficulties in building powerful local governments at a time when they have nearly no money and are unable to provide the social services which used to be provided through the state firms. There is now a political vacuum for which the upcoming new private sector and the new local governments fight.
War Stories: British Elite Narratives of the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War
Authors: Dodds K-J
Published: October 2006

I focus on British parliamentary discussions during the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War campaign. By drawing on the recent literature of critical geopolitics and dissident international relations theory, I explore how the British government discursively justified the war campaign. Focusing on the war stories of the Thatcher government is a useful way of examining how certain organising scripts were used to demarcate sovereign identities and spaces. Finally, I highlight how the war stories were controlled and naturalised as the war campaign unfolded.
Bali Revisited: Death, Rejuvenation, and the Tourist Cycle
Authors: Connell J
Published: October 2006

Since package tourism began on a small scale at the start of the 20th century, tourism and travel to Bali have gone through a series of overlapping and interlocking phases. By the 1930s the destruction of ‘authenticity’ and the process of transformation were already apparent to some. Tourism expanded and diversified. In the 1970s world travellers, and later ‘surfies’, contributed to the distinctiveness of Kuta, a way station on the Asian overland trail. Kuta grew, drew vibrant commerce, package tours, and a new youth scene, displacing world travellers to the periphery—the ‘interior’ or ‘up country’—in search of elusive authenticity. Tourism became introspective, as the gaze of mass tourists and chic tourists focused on hotels, resorts, and each other; international, as world consumer goods displaced local products; and youthful, with the emergence of specialised package holidays, centred on action and consumption. Resort cycles were grafted onto each other in an unwieldy social and geographical synthesis, as Bali, increasingly diverse yet inconspicuous, became ‘whatever you want it to be’.
Femininity, Post-Fordism, and the ‘New Traditionalism’
Authors: Leslie D A
Published: October 2006

In this paper I explore the links between identity and space, and in particular the relationship between female identity, consumption, and the space of the home. I argue for the centrality of images to the construction of femininity. Through a case study of contemporary representations of the family and traditionalism in advertising, I illustrate how advertisers exploit tensions in femininity, and in turn mediate and negotiate these tensions. Alongside the economic and cultural shifts associated with post-Fordism, a reorganization of gender relations is taking place. A ‘new traditionalism’ in advertising, as one of a number of significant female consumer identities, is an attempt to redefine women's roles in line with a nostalgic discourse of familialism and a return to the private sphere of the home. Space and place are central to the definition of the ‘new traditionalist’ woman.
Neotraditional Towns and Urban Villages: The Cultural Production of a Geography of ‘Otherness’
Authors: Till K
Published: October 2006

The ‘neotraditional’ planning movement in the USA is criticized through an analysis of promotional materials for the urban village of Rancho Santa Margarita in Orange County, CA. The ‘traditions’ of towns and villages are viewed as recent ‘inventions’ created by corporate planners; they are attempts to validate the establishment of residential communities through ambiguous, yet familiar, historical symbols. Yet the identities constructed for neotraditional towns and urban villages make sense only in relation to the ‘other’. In southern Orange County, corporate planners present their master-planned communities as ‘distant’ from the suburbs and cities located in Los Angeles and in northern Orange County according to a scale of temporal, geographic, and social values. Implicit to neotraditionalism is a geography of otherness. This geography reinforces existing social and spatial divisions, promotes reactionary and exclusionary territorial identities, and legitimizes the status quo.
Landscape and Surplus Value: The Making of the Ordinary in Brentwood, CA
Authors: Mitchell Don
Published: October 2006

In this paper I argue for a morphological perspective on landscape that takes seriously social intentionality and the complexity of struggles over production and reproduction. I develop an example from California's agricultural labor history to show the processes through which the landscape is constructed, Further, I show that the production of landscape is an important moment in the production of surplus value under capitalism, In turn, I use insights from social studies of science to suggest how, as the landscape becomes stabilized, its very ordinariness tends to mask the struggles that constituted its form.
White Mythologies and Anemic Geographies: A Review
Authors: Sparke Matthew
Published: October 2006

Robert Young's book White Mythologies raises some critical questions of importance to geography, Amongst these are the significant links between the critique of Western historicism and the increasing use of spatial names and metaphors in arguments about cultural politics. Young's sweeping criticisms of Marxism are powerful, but they loose sight of the value of work which attends to politico-economic processes while problematising the limits of marxism's meta-narrative. Young's writing is limited itself. It introduces work that breaks with Westem-centrism, but, as it does so, it sometimes falls prey to a form of ‘new’ Orientalism that manipulates and represents such work in the interests of ‘the West’, These limits to the book provide an example of anemic geography. This reified and reifying geography fails to deal adequately with the questions of geographical complexity opened up by the displacement of Western History. Instead, it clokes them beneath the use of a geographical vocabulary employed as a vehicle in the metaphorisation of political debate. Alternatives are possible.
Reinterpreting the Geography of Accumulation: The Global Shift and Local Restructuring
Authors: Fagan Robert H , Le Heron Richard D
Published: October 2006

The authors argue that the nation is not the natural space for the circulation and reproduction of capital, and that this is vitally important in understanding the restructuring of economic activity since the mid-1970s. Rapidly increasing global integration of production, realisation of profit, and the circulation of financial capital have been recognised widely. Yet little consensus has developed about cither the theoretical or empirical impacts of globalisation on changing spatial divisions of labour within developed capitalist countries. The authors outline a model of globalisation in which an increasingly internationalised process of accumulation is expressed in, and reproduced through, the changing social relations of production which remain bounded territorially by nation-states. The model is built up from a synthesis of some apparently disparate theoretical positions on capitalist restructuring crises taken by researchers during the 1980s. These include theories of the internationalisation of capital and those dealing with restructuring within nation-states after the now much-debated transition out of the regime of accumulation which produced the long boom after 1950. Some of these theories have focused too narrowly on the circuit of production to the exclusion of the increasingly complex world trading links and with a severe underestimation of the importance of global financial capital during the 1980s. Methodological implications of the model are investigated and the role of the state in a globally integrated economy is illuminated.
Paupers, Property, and Place: A Geographical Analysis of the English, Irish, and Scottish Poor Laws in the Mid-19th Century
Authors: Young Liz
Published: October 2006

The diversity of poor law policy and practice in Britain in the mid-19th century is examined. Primary sources consulted include contemporary literature and the minute books of five poor law unions in Scotland. The discussion is set in the context of the existing literature on the New English Poor Law and the debate about the nature of British state formation. It is argued that by broadening the geographical scope of analysis to include consideration of the Irish and Scottish Poor Laws a more nuanced account of the processes and patterns of state formation emerges. Analysis of the ‘poverty question’ and attempts at its resolution through poor law policy illustrates the contradiction between 19th-century economic and political discourses. Poverty in Britain in the mid-19th century was structural and consequent upon economic processes which were geographically extensive, and debates about its resolution emphasised individual responsibility and reinforced national identities. Practice within each national territory was diverse and the new poor law machinery offered existing local political and economic interests a novel vehicle through which to exercise power.
On the Heritage Trail: Maps of and Journeys to Olde Englande
Authors: Crang Michael
Published: October 2006

This paper contains analyses of some theoretical ways of comprehending heritage phenomena. It is suggested that commentators on such phenomena have analysed an intended object based on a particular experience of heritage events. Rather, the author stresses that there are multiple ways of experiencing heritage. Throughout it is suggested that it is performance that creates heritage. Travel is used as a metaphor for this process as it stresses the issue of creative spatiotemporal practices. However, the organisation of heritage is reliant on the assumption that heritage is ontologically prior to its performance. The tension between these two perspectives is mobilised through the metaphors of Map and Journey. The reactionary tendency to reify heritage is seen less as a result of misleading versions of history than as a result of their organisation. This organisation freezes a certain experience of heritage into a virtual object. This object is like a map that is used to attempt to project its own selective order back onto heritage experiences. The author uses anecdotes, examples from the literature, and his own research to illustrate these points.
My Friends in Low Places: Building Identity for Place and Community
Authors: Crow Dennis
Published: October 2006

Urban sholarship linking geography, planning, and design has usually identified characteristics of specific places. In addition, urban analysis has attempted to link concepts of political ‘agency’, institutional arrangements, and notions of community to the economic and political history of places. In recent years, scholars in the humanities have been carefully examining the philosophical and political underpinnings of concepts of ‘the subject’, self, and agency. I contend that if geography is to have a place in the analysis of identity, political agency, and political action, the places to look are not necessarily at the pinnacle of theoretical, architectural, or political sophistication or at places with the highest demographic or economic magnitudes. Important places to look are ‘low places’. In this paper I propose six places to look for identity and political action that are normally overlooked, ignored, or excluded from serious consideration for revealing urban issues and potential change.
Agents of Power, Landscapes of Fear: The Vampires and Heart Thieves of Madagascar
Authors: Jarosz Lucy A
Published: October 2006

Vampires and heart thieves have, it is said, inhabited the island of Madagascar for the last century. These mythic figures signify relations of identity tied to the global processes of colonial capitalism, modernism, and imperialism as they relate to a colonized Africa, and more specifically, to the island of Madagascar. The vampire and heart thief express the array of extractive processes rooted in the social relations between colonizer and colonized, political subjects, empire, church, and state. These mythic figures are manipulated by various groups to fulfil specific local political agendas and invoke difference based upon race and class. Rumors and sightings of vampires and heart thieves create a landscape of fear which enables or constrains complicity with, or rebellion against, agents of the state and the church.
‘Environment’ and Planning: A Tale of the Mundane and the Sublime
Authors: Myerson George , Rydin Yvonne
Published: October 2006

This paper contributes to the growing body of work on planning discourse. In the context of the current ‘greening’ of British land-use planning, it poses the question: “How is the term ‘environment’ articulated within planning discourse?” With the use of material from development plans and development-control decision letters, an analysis is made of the term ‘environment’ which distinguishes ‘mundane’ and ‘sublime’ interpretations. The function of the texts analysed is then related to the dominant meaning given to the term, This raises further questions concerning the current preoccupation with using the land-use planning system to implement environmental policy and identifies the problems of moving between strategic planning and detailed development-control levels, a problem reflected in and compounded by the distinct operation of planning discourse at the two levels.
Echo, Desire, and the Grounds of Knowledge: A Mytho-Poetic Assessment of Buttimer's Geography and the Human Spirit
Authors: Pile Steve
Published: October 2006

In Geography and the Human Spirit, Buttimer argues that the history of geographical concern is marked by cyclical time, which is distinguished by three phases: Phoenix, Faust, and Narcissus, By taking a longer look at one of these myths, Narcissus, it is possible to suggest that Buttimer bases her account on some problematic assumptions. Thus, the figure of Echo, absent from Buttimer's telling of the myth, can return to disrupt her story. This mytho-poetic assessment reveals something of the way in which ‘others’ are constituted in her story: I take this erasure to be symptomatic of an ‘othering’ humanism, which is predicated on the other, but considers itself self-grounded and thereby distances itself from others. The conclusion questions Buttimer's universalism, her concept of cyclical time, and her sense of a liberation cry of humanism, I suggest that an emancipatory geography cannot rely on undisclosed and marginalized ‘others’, in this case represented by the figure of Echo.
Locating Critical Geopolitics
Authors: Dodds Klaus-John , Sidaway James Derrick
Published: October 2006

The authors review and locate the emerging literature of critical geopolitics, They illustrate some of the main lines of development within a rapidly expanding literature. This literature analyses geopolitics as discourse and also deconstructs policy texts to examine the use of geographical reasoning in statecraft. Critical geopolitics also links up with critical work in geopolitical economy and development studies. Areas are identified in which critical geopolitics could engage productively with research and scholarship in related fields.
Shoring up a Sea of Signs: How the Caribbean Basin Initiative Framed the US Invasion of Grenada
Authors: Weber Cynthia
Published: October 2006

Diseourse in the United States concerning the Grenada invasion exemplifies what is at stake at the intersection between geography and critical geopolitics. In this paper I have taken seriously the geographic imagery of foreign policy discourse in order to examine how discursive diplomatic flows (and other fluids) are shaped by the containers in which they are placed. The Caribbean Basin Initiative—the Reagan administration's geopolitical container for its Caribbean policy—allowed the administration to chart a new course for US hegemony in the region. Contained and contextualized by the Initiative, regional struggles such as the invasion of Grenada are saturated with implications that may have been absent had Caribbean policy been framed differently.
Backstreets, Barricades, and Blackouts: Urban Terrains of Resistance in Nepal
Authors: Routledge Paul
Published: October 2006

In this paper I apply aspects of sociospatial theory to the revolutionary context of urban Nepal during the democratic uprisings of 1990. The urban spaces of Kathmandu and Patan were two of the most important sites within which power was contested, and terrains upon which space itself was contested. As I will show, the location of struggle emerged from conscious movement choices (as to tactics, efficacy of mobilization, etc) and influenced the character of collective action. An analysis of the spatial mediation of social movement agency provides us with what 1 term the ‘terrain of resistance’—the specific geographical, historical, political, economic, ecological, and cultural context of movement agency. Such analysis can provide us with important insights into why movements occur where they do, the spatiocultural specificity of movement practice, and the language by which people articulate their discontent, understood through the ‘cultural expressions of resistance’.
Contesting Places of Memory: The Case of Auschwitz
Authors: Charlesworth Andrew
Published: October 2006

The author considers the contestation over symbolic space at the Auschwitz death camp, the postwar symbol of the Holocaust. He examines both Communist and Catholic attempts to de-Judaise the place and hence turn, in Young's words, an icon of remembrance into an idol of remembrance, In the New World Order such contestation has lessons for the political geographer, particularly in terms of appreciating the religious dimension in national identity.
It's Showtime: On the Workplace Geographies of Display in a Restaurant in Southeast England
Authors: Crang Philip
Published: October 2006

The geographies of one particular restaurant workplace in the southeast of England are considered. It is argued that such workplace geographies—broadly of surveillance, display, and location—help to constitute the character of an employment. Here, this is demonstrated through an examination of the performative geographies of display in waiting work in Smoky Joe's restaurant. This examination is then used in two ways: both to draw out some implications of the interpersonal nature of this particular job; and to establish some broader analytical dimensions—sociospatial relations of consumption—to aid the understanding of how and why other jobs may be similar or different.
Working the System: Journeys through Corporate Culture in the ‘Railway Age’
Authors: Revill George
Published: October 2006

In the 19th century railway work was a high-status occupation; a strong sense of occupational community and identification with work was present within the industry. Railway companies were uncompromisingly modern large-scale bureaucratically organised corporations, developing extensive networks of lines, changing physical, social, and economic geographies, and producing new forms of administrative space, In this paper it is argued that for its workers, both as the immediate subjects and as the producers of new forms of spatial organisation, experience of the corporate geography of the railway was intrinsic to the meaning of work and the status of railway workers in society. The metaphorical relationship between the story and the journey made by de Certeau is used to trace the relationships between the large-scale public geography of the railway corporation and the intimate private geography of individual biography.
Performing Work: Bodily Representations in Merchant Banks
Authors: McDowell Linda , Court Gill
Published: October 2006

Not only is the workplace a significant site of the social construction of feminine and masculine identities but in an increasing range of service sector occupations, a gendered bodily performance is a significant part of selling a product. In this paper, we draw on Butler's notion of gender identity as a regulatory fiction to investigate the consequences of the specificity of embodiment and gendered performances. Drawing on three case studies in the City of London, we explore the differential fictions constructed by men and women engaged in interactive service work in a professional capacity in merchant banks. We examine the ways in which women are embodied and/or represented as ‘woman’ in the workplace, comparing women's sense of themselves and their everyday workplace experiences with those of men doing the same job. Our aim is to establish whether the necessity of selling oneself as part of the product in such service sector employment challenges the idealisation of male workers as disembodied rational subjects, while not necessarily disrupting the inferior position of embodied women.
Negotiating the Heart; Heritage, Development and Identity in Postimperial London
Authors: Jacobs Jane M
Published: October 2006

The empirical focus of this paper is a long-running planning controversy associated with attempts to redevelop a site on Bank Junction in the centre of the City of London. These plans faced fierce opposition from those who sought to have the local character of the area, its ‘heritage’, preserved and enhanced. The controversy culminated in the 1980s, a period during which the City and its surrounds were under massive redevelopment pressure in response to various restructurings. The paper provides a contextualised reading of the discursive and representational terrain generated by this controversy. Ostensibly, this was a battle of the old against the new and presents an example of the workings of heritage within contemporary urban settings. But it also marks out the complex intersections between heritage, capital, and identity. This redevelopment struggle became an arena for the expression of the role and status of the City during a time when it was negotiating transformations in its built form and its social fabric as a result of challenging adjustments in its international standing.
The Spaces of Knowledge: Contributions towards a Historical Geography of Science
Authors: Livingstone David N
Published: October 2006

In recent times there has been a remarkable spatial turn within a variety of academic discourses. Historians, social theorists, anthropologists, and philosophers have all redrawn attention to the constitutive significance of place and space, site and situation, locality and territoriality. After briefly sketching some of the major features of this ‘geographical recovery’, I examine some of its implications for the study of the scientific enterprise. Such issues as the regionalisation of scientific style, the political topography of scientific commitment, and the social and material spaces of laboratories and scientific societies are considered, These materials provide both a framework and a suite of case studies for the elaboration of a historical geography of science. Last, I briefly draw attention to some implications that a spatialised historiography has for understanding the history of the geographical tradition itself.
Irishness, Gender, and Place
Authors: Walter Bronwen
Published: October 2006

National identities are profoundly gendered, yet difference is subordinated to unity. In this paper the largely unacknowledged intersections of Irishness and gender in Britain are explored. It is argued that Irishness has at least two distinct dimensions, each gendered in ways reflecting the colonial relationship between Britain and Ireland. One is the ‘roots’ of the collectivity, mediated through the diaspora experience. The second is the construction of Irishness by Britishness, characterised as male, middle class, Home Counties, Anglican Protestant, and white. Irish women are positioned in relation to these hegemonic values and are racialised both by invisibility and by exclusion.
Cast in Stone: Monuments, Geography, and Nationalism
Authors: Johnson Nuala
Published: October 2006

Since the 19th century at least public monuments have been the foci for collective participation in the politics and public life of villages, towns, and cities. They have acted as important centres around which local and national political and cultural positions have been articulated. I argue that monuments are an important, but underutilised, resource for the geographer interested in debates surrounding national identity. Through a variety of examples, I explore the ways in which examinations of the sociology, iconography, spatialisation, and gendering of statues reveal important ways in which national ‘imagined communities’ are constructed.
Europe's ‘Others’? Forestry Policy and Practices in Colonial and Postcolonial India
Authors: Jewitt Sarah
Published: October 2006

In this paper I intervene in the debates around Orientalism and ‘Othering’ that are still current in human geography and the humanities. I do so with particular reference to forest policies in British India and post-colonial India. I contend that the concept of Orientalism needs to be unpacked further than most of its proponents have allowed. At no time has a united Europe had a common and singular ‘Other’. I further argue that imprecise understandings of Orientalism and Othering blind us to certain variations in interpretive and material practices that have had important implications for our so-called Others. This point is expanded in relation to forest policies in tribal ( adivasi) areas of India. I demonstrate that colonial forest (and ‘tribal’) policies were far from unitary, but were open to contestation and negotiation by sympathetic colonial officers and missionaries (such as Verrier Elwin). I also show that elements of what might be called the dominant discourse of scientific forest policy have been continued since Independence in 1947. An Indian elite has disciplined its ‘internal Others’ by means of this discourse (and others besides), although there are signs now that this discourse is being challenged by adivasi leaders and sympathetic government and nongovernment officers.
From a Settler History to an African Present: Housing Markets in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Rakodi Carole
Published: October 2006

The economies, politics, and sociology of a settler society are shown to have shaped the urban built environment in Harare in enduring ways. The postindependence period has been marked by limited changes but greater continuities. Although the public sector accepts responsibility for satisfying low-income housing needs by supplying serviced plots, this bureaucratic supply is quantitatively inadequate and not affordable by many. The analysis reveals penetration of market forces into public housing areas through the large-scale provision of rooms for rent and limited exchange of houses. Even in the middle-income and high-income residential areas, where the market has been assigned responsibility for meeting demand for land and housing, extensive state intervention has helped to shape the pattern of urban development. Trends in property markets are shown to reflect broader political changes and their economic impacts; the pursuit of their interests by various social groups; land, planning, and rent-control policies; and programmes for the provision of serviced plots and housing finance. Explanations for trends in property development and prices, including the boom and slump which occurred around the turn of the decade, are sought.
Post-Marxism: Democracy and Identity
Authors: Mouffe Chantal
Published: October 2006

In this article I take issue with the view defended by Habermas and his followers that the critique of rationalism and universalism necessarily undermines the very basis of the modern democratic ideals. I show the important contribution that an anti-essentialist approach can bring to the understanding of the way democratic identities are constituted. I argue that it is only within a framework that relinquishes the epistemological tenets of the Enlightenment that it is possible to come to terms with the nature of pluralism and to reformulate the democratic project in a way that acknowledges the political in its dimension of power and antagonism.
Radical Democracy: Hegemony, Reason, Time and Space
Authors: Natter Wolfgang
Published: October 2006

Taking her present essay as my point of departure, I elaborate key aspects of Chantal Mouffe's theorization of radical and plural democracy. In particular, I stress the importance of rearticulating hegemony, reason, and time and space for a theory of politics and the political commensurate with radical democracy.
Identity and Economic Plurality: Rethinking Capitalism and ‘Capitalist Hegemony’
Authors: Gibson-Graham J K
Published: October 2006

In the work of Chantal Mouffe, society is seen as structured by a hegemonic articulation, but one that is only temporarily fixed and always under subversion. Following Mouffe, in this paper I pursue the implications of theorizing ‘the economy’ as a hegemonic formation rather than as a fixed capitalist totality. What might it mean to understand ‘the economic’ as a provisional articulation of capitalist and noncapitalist activities and relations? How might it open up the possibility of anticapitalist and noncapitalist economic interventions? Encouraged by feminist attempts to produce a discourse of sexual difference that is not subsumed to a binary gender hierarchy, I envision a discourse of economic difference that could destabilize and problematize the presumption of capitalist hegemony.
Thinking Radical Democracy Spatially
Authors: Massey Doreen
Published: October 2006

In this paper I reflect upon the project of radical democracy as developed by Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau, and in particular on Mouffe's article “Post-Marxism, democracy and identity”. In the first part of the paper I consider some interesting parallels between the project of radical democracy and certain recent lines of thought within geography, and argue that the two areas of work could helpfully inform each other. In the second part of the paper I raise some general issues about radical democracy, including questions of identity, anti-essentialism and universalism.
Space and Identity in Martinique: Towards a New Reading of the Spatial History of the Peasantry
Authors: Chivallon Christine
Published: October 2006

Unlike research in the Anglophone West Indies, research in the French West Indies has only very recently developed the idea of the existence of a peasant social group in the plantation societies of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The fragility and instability of the collective identity in the French West Indies has served as a principal argument to support the view that the group is not a peasantry but a mere by-product of the plantation system. The idea of the absence of a real process of taking control of space or of a sort of intimate history with space occurs in some writings to explain this weakness of collective sense. Far from refuting the argument which firmly links the identity question to that of space, I shall reinforce it but in order to show that, on the contrary, there arc good grounds for affirming the existence, in the case of the peasant group in Martinique, of an original social experience in which space is strongly mobilised. In doing this, my intention is also to add weight to a theoretical point of view which shows the strength of the ties between space and identity, given that the peasant world in Martinique provides a paradigmatic example of the undeniable power of these ties.
Correction at Cabrini-Green: A Sociospatial Exercise of Power
Authors: Murray Matthew
Published: October 2006

Foucault developed theories on the exercise of power so that they might be applied to geographically and historically specific instances, In this paper I analyze the processes of power recently in operation on the black population of the Cabrini-Green housing development in Chicago. Previously excluded from the larger urban matrix, the residents have been subject to a variety of forces—Involving discipline, discursive containment, physical repression, and deterrence —as attempts have been made to ‘reclaim’ the area and regulate the sociospatial control of bodies. Issues of visibility, knowledge, and situation are paramount both in the processes of power involved in ‘rehabilitating’ Cabrini-Green and in the residents' resistance to such outside intervention.
The Interstitial Perspective: A Review Essay on Homi Bhabha's The Location of Culture
Authors: Rose Gillian
Published: October 2006

In this essay the work of Homi Bhabha is discussed. The complexity of Bhabha's writing might be seen as symptomatic of the critically ineffectual obsession with textuality that many geographers have recently criticised. However, I argue that there are a number of reasons for Bhabha's convoluted textual style. I suggest that he is performing a subject position symptomatic of the contradictions of post/colonial discourse, contradictions he is also at the same time analysing. This performance has implications for geographers' current discussions of situated knowledge and self-reflection. It also has implications for the thcorisation of space, because Bhabha argues that the politics of subjectivity arc also the politics of spatiality. The essay ends with a discussion of the relation between Bhabha's politics of subjectivity and the politics of material corporeality.
Legitimating Porter Regulation in an Indigenous Mountain Community in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Butz David
Published: October 2006

Portering—carrying loads for pay—is an important source of cash income in the high mountain community of Shimshal, northern Pakistan. In this paper recent changes in the regulation of portering opportunities in Shimshal are interpreted as a tentative outcome of ongoing struggles among villagers over the ideological power of two integrated and competing conceptualisations, or discourses, of political legitimacy. These contemporary ideological discourses trace to historical conflicts between commoners and royalty in the feudal kingdom of Hunza, of which Shimshal was an outlying settlement. Specifically, an ‘authoritative’ position in Shimshal perpetuates a tradition of elite privilege developed by the kings of Hunza to justify their penetration of community-level political, social, and economic life. A ‘discursive’ position draws from an alternative tradition of equity and solidarity which originated in the consensual clan (and later, community) assemblies of commoners, and which was used historically to resist the infiltration of royal prerogative into everyday life. An account of recent struggles between advocates of these positions over portering regulation in Shimshal is developed from ethnographic material collected in 1988 and 1989. Aspects of Habermas's theory of communicative action are utilised selectively to interpret the implications of those struggles for political legitimacy in Shimshal. It seems that Shimshal is experiencing a tenuous shift away from authoritative forms of legitimacy toward more discursive ones, although a strongly Habermasian conceptualisation of discursivity is unwarranted.
Beyond the Firm: Restructuring Gender Divisions of Labor in Quito's Garment Industry under Austerity
Authors: Lawson Victoria
Published: October 2006

In this study I investigate social adjustments emerging under neoliberal austerity policies in Ecuador. In particular, I focus on the processes of informalization and feminization of garment manufacture as Ecuadorian producers attempt to remain viable in a radically opened economy. A central premise of this study is that gendered labor supplies in places are significant to the form that industry restructuring assumes. The analysis draws on extensive fieldwork and builds a political economy of industrial development, debt crisis, and austerity to uncover those forces which have combined in place to restructure gender divisions of labor in paid work and households in the early 1990s. This is coupled with analysis of in-depth interviews with women informal garment workers in order to understand the diverse constructions of informal work, gender divisions of labor, and daily life that are emerging under austerity. This involves an examination of the ways in which gender roles and relations are being reworked for these women and their families through informal wage-earning activity. This moves the analysis beyond representations of women as uniformly subordinated by industrial capitalism and towards an appreciation of the mutual reworkings of employment relations and gender identities.