bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for Deliverability Prediction of Well in Gas Storage Converted from Gas Reservoir in China
Authors: Ligen Tang , Guosheng Ding , Shasha Sun , Lidong Mi , Honglin Qi , Kai Guo , Jieming Wang , Fengjuan Bai
Published: October 2016

In view of the gap between well deliverability forecasted by the traditional method and actual value, the reason why this question was raised was found as that the permeability might change when gas reservoir was converted into storage. Then, to discover the extent of permeability change, several experiments focusing on different areas of storage reservoir were deployed and carried out. As a result of experiments above, one parameter describing the law of permeability changing was proposed, based on this new parameter, traditional pseudo pressure was modified and traditional method for deliverability prediction was transformed into one that taking permeability changing into account. Moreover, this newly modified method was verified by example analysis.
Experimental Investigation of Gas Diffusion in Coal – Comparison Between Crushed and Intact Core Samples
Authors: Sander Regina , Pan Zhejun , Connell Luke D , Camilleri Michael , Heryanto Deasy
Published: October 2016

To forecast gas production from coal and other dual-porosity reservoirs, the reservoir specific diffusion properties must be estimated. Diffusion properties can be determined in the laboratory as part of adsorption or desorption isotherm measurements. Typically, such experiments are performed on crushed coal rather than intact core samples, which can reduce the experimental run time from months or weeks to days. We investigated the relationship between crushed coal and intact core samples by performing two sets of diffusion experiments on two Bowen Basin coals of different rank, Coal#1 (low volatile bituminous) and Coal#2 (medium volatile bituminous). Core samples were analysed in the Triaxial Multicomponent Gas Rig in CSIRO's Unconventional Gas Laboratory. Measurements on crushed coal with a particle size range of 0.6 – 1 mm and 0.5 – 1 mm prepared from off-cuts of Coal#1 and Coal#2 respectively were performed in CSIRO's Isotherm Rig. The diffusion kinetics of the two coals were measured with respect to three gases: methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. These gases are commonly present in coal seams and are associated with primary and enhanced coal seam gas production.

The observations from the adsorption and desorption experiments on crushed and intact core sample highlight significant differences in diffusion kinetics between the different coal forms. For the crushed coals, the diffusion process was significantly accelerated and the effective diffusivities were typically an order of magnitude higher than for the core samples. The diffusion kinetics on crushed and core sample may be relatable through the diffusion path length, which requires further investigation.

Both crushed and core samples adsorb CO2 preferentially. The differences between the slower diffusing CH4 and N2 were small, though we found that the sorption preference towards CH4 and N2 was different for the core and the crushed coal samples. The observed difference could be caused by sample heterogeneity, as the crushed coal is prepared from off-cuts rather than the coal cores themselves.

The observed diffusion behaviour can be fitted by a bidisperse model. Two fractions, a ‘fast’ and a ‘slow’ fraction, were necessary to match the experimental data. While Coal#2 is characterised by a partitioning of approximately 70% ‘fast’ fraction and 30% ‘slow’ fraction, for Coal#1 the fractions were not uniform across the different gases and sample forms.
Subsea Cooling; Passive, Active or Sea Current Controlled?
Authors: Winge Rudh Mattias Gillis , Fritz Jahnsen Ove , Hasan Zahidul
Published: October 2016

Subsea cooling in oil and gas production might seem to be opposite to the usual flow assurance challenge, maintaining a high enough flowing temperature of the produced stream in order to ensure problem free transport of the crude from well to the host. During FEED and detailed design, particular focus is aimed at maintaining a required temperature with insulation and even electrical heating are employed in order to achieve this. Hydrate formation, wax and asphaltene deposits are challenges that are connected with too low temperature, and considerable effort is spent in quantifying acceptable temperature, and cool down times of subsea equipment. So one might ask why and where is the need for subsea cooling? It turns out that there are situations where the well fluids are very warm and reduction in the temperature is required for profitable development of a field. For example, where an expensive flow line material would render the installation too costly, a reduction in temperature might make the investment evaluations look attractive, or where heat is generated subsea by for instance a subsea gas compressor. The temperature greatly affects the corrosion rate, and by changing the temperature, chemical dosage can be optimized, which further strengthens the financial analysis of a field development. This paper focuses on active subsea coolers, i.e. subsea cooling systems that are equipped with adjustable means, and attempts to analyze and benchmark four different subsea cooler types using a generic wet gas production case. A recent development involving a sea current controlled active cooler is introduced and compared with three other active cooler types and how they operate with a given set of operation and turndown conditions are presented. A comparison of weight, size, auxillary equipment and required topside scope is also included.
Research on the Dynamic Granulation Viscosity Reduction Technology for Venezuela' S Ultra Heavy Oil
Authors: Lipeng He , Bin Ding , Baoliang Peng , Jianhui Luo , Xiangfei Geng , Pingmei Wang
Published: October 2016

Based on the physico-chemical property of Venezuela ultra heavy oil, active macromolecule viscosity reducer (CVR) was designed and prepared. Viscosity reduction system of Venezuela ultra heavy oil was prepared using active macromolecule viscosity reducer assisted by ultrasonic. The laboratory experimental results indicated that the active macromolecule viscosity reducer has good viscosity reducing ability on the Venezuela ultra heavy oil. Under the conditions of viscosity reducer (0.3%), oil-water volume ratio (10:3), the viscosity reduction system displays good dispersion and the initial apparent viscosity keeps less than 200 mPa·s. Viscosity reduction system displayed well stability, the apparent viscosity of oil/water dispersion is still less than 500 mPa·s after 28 days static placed. Ultrasonic has a significant effect on the viscosity reduction system, which can effectively reduce the mixing time 50% and the viscosity reducer usage about 30%. The ultrasonic attenuation method was able to characterize the particle size and particle size distributions of Venezuela heavy oil/water dispersion. The particle size distribution of the oil/water dispersion is uniform and the average particle size is about 100μm. Whereby 80% particle size of the system is between 60μm~178μm and only less than 10% of the particle size is more than 180μm or less than 55μm. Moreover, the measurement tendencies of ultrasonic attenuation method are consistent with the changing trend of apparent viscosity.
Overview of Jansz-Io Field, Upstream Gorgon Project Start-up Results and Integrated Tabletop Planning Process
Authors: Affinito Ralph , Boxall John , Clough Jonathan , Coletta Angelina , Frontczak John , Morrison Alan , Pradhan Vijay , Robinson William
Published: October 2016

Integrated subsurface and facilities management, along with asset integrity and reliability, is a "must win" for flawless start-up and early operations. This consists of understanding and closing the value loop around the subsurface and facilities of an asset or connected set of assets. One of the tools Chevron Australia (Chevron) used to successfully start-up the Jansz field under the Gorgon project was an upstream integrated planning process.

An upstream integrated tabletop process evaluates and tests all plans and procedures that are in place for start-up and the early operating life of the asset, from the sand-face of the reservoir to the inlet facilities (for an upstream focus). This process aims to eliminate the gap between a flawless start-up, defined as reaching target performance as early and safely as possible, and what could be a troubled start-up. Start-up plans are presented based on the underpinning objectives, challenges and strategies from each of the key stakeholder groups. A suitably wide range of credible scenarios, targeting those with the greatest potential to cause significant upsets, are considered and tested to ensure that procedures and mitigation measures are both suitably understood by the relevant stakeholders and are in place. The process also helps define roles/responsibilities and build relationships between the subsurface, subsea, facilities and operation teams starting up the project.

The integrated tabletop process has a significant focus on reservoir management. Early production, staggered well start-ups and well planned production ramp-up activities can provide insight into completion efficiency, performance prediction, reservoir connectivity and reserves assessment. Operation’s objectives, especially for a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant (successive start-ups, minimum intervention) are often at odds with reservoir management. The tabletop process enables alternatives to be evaluated striving for a balanced, value added start-up plan.

This paper goes through an overview of some of the key concepts required for a successful integrated tabletop process and results of the Jansz field and upstream system start-up. Integrated planning involving subsurface, subsea, flow assurance and facilities resulted in a flawless start-up of the field. Highlights of the results for each of these areas will help support future start-up efforts.
Utilising Managed Pressure Drilling to Drill Shale Gas Horizontal Well in Fuling Shale Gas Field
Authors: Wang G. , Zhou H. , Fan H. , Si N. , Liu J. , Ma D. , Pang W.
Published: October 2016

The SINOPEC Fuling shale gas field is the first large-scale commercial development shale gas field of China, which have been built as a productivity of 5 billion shale gas field until 2015. The problems faced in this location is narrow margin between pore (or collapse)and fracture pressure, therefore the mud loss, collapsing and gas kick are very common problem encountered while drilling, the ROP decreases greatly and the cost of drilling operation increases rapidly. With falling oil and natural gas prices, greater efficiency and excellence in well construction is called for, the MPD related theoretical model and successful use of MPD techniques for improving ROP, controlling gas kick and mud loss, reducing drilling cost for the shale gas horizontal well drilling in Fuling is described.

Firstly, a new utility gas kick detect method based on real-time WHP analysis through the theoretical and model analysis was established, in which the WHP variation caused by the tripping, ROP and flow rate variation were taken into account, through which the gas kick can accurately detected as soon as quickly. Secondly, for improving the pressure control precision, a three-layer feedback control method was established and programmed in the controller, through which the bottom hole pressure (BHP) can be adjusted very stable. Moreover, integrated software that combined MPD design and gas kick control simulation was developed based on which the best pressure control procedure and kick initial response can be obtained easily.

The MPD technique has been applied in several wells in Fuling shale gas field of SINOPEC, based on the integrated software, the BHP, flow rate, WHP, mud density, and others drilling parameters were all obtained. And through MPD, the drilling results show that the ROP of there wells were improved about 13.9-82%, the outage time have reduced more than 60%. Moreover, through using the low-density drilling mud, the mud loss has been successfully prevented, and also reduced the mud cost.

This study will presented the utility theoretical model for MPD gas kick detection, three-layer feedback pressure control method, and the MPD application in shale gas drilling. Through the application of the MPD, the results show that the ROP in shale gas horizontal well drilling has been improved obviously, the optimal oil based drilling mud density was designed has successfully prevented the mud loss and reduced the drilling cost.
Role of fluctuations in the phase transitions of coupled plaquette spin models of glasses
Authors: Biroli Giulio , Rulquin Charlotte , Tarjus Gilles , Tarzia Marco
Published: October 2016

We study the role of fluctuations on the thermodynamic glassy
properties of plaquette spin models, more specifically on the transition
involving an overlap order parameter in the presence of an attractive
coupling between different replicas of the system. We consider both
short-range fluctuations associated with the local environment on Bethe
lattices and long-range fluctuations that distinguish Euclidean from
Bethe lattices with the same local environment. We find that the phase
diagram in the temperature-coupling plane is very sensitive to the
former but, at least for the 33-dimensional
(square pyramid) model, appears qualitatively or semi-quantitatively
unchanged by the latter. This surprising result suggests that the
mean-field theory of glasses provides a reasonable account of the glassy
thermodynamics of models otherwise described in terms of the kinetically
constrained motion of localized defects and taken as a paradigm for the
theory of dynamic facilitation. We discuss the possible implications
for the dynamical behavior.
Correlations of zero-entropy critical states in the XXZ model: integrability and Luttinger theory far from the ground state
Authors: Vlijm Rogier , Eliens Sebas , Caux Jean-Sébastien
Published: October 2016

Pumping a finite energy density into a quantum system typically leads
to ‘melted’ states characterized by exponentially-decaying correlations,
as is the case for finite-temperature equilibrium situations. An
important exception to this rule are states which, while being at high
energy, maintain a low entropy. Such states can interestingly still
display features of quantum criticality, especially in one dimension.
Here, we consider high-energy states in anisotropic Heisenberg quantum
spin chains obtained by splitting the ground state’s magnon Fermi sea
into separate pieces. Using methods based on integrability, we provide a
detailed study of static and dynamical spin-spin correlations. These
carry distinctive signatures of the Fermi sea splittings, which would be
observable in eventual experimental realizations. Going further, we
employ a multi-component Tomonaga-Luttinger model in order to predict
the asymptotics of static correlations. For this effective field theory,
we fix all universal exponents from energetics, and all non-universal
correlation prefactors using finite-size scaling of matrix elements. The
correlations obtained directly from integrability and those emerging
from the Luttinger field theory description are shown to be in extremely
good correspondence, as expected, for the large distance asymptotics,
but surprisingly also for the short distance behavior. Finally, we
discuss the description of dynamical correlations from a mobile impurity
model, and clarify the relation of the effective field theory parameters
to the Bethe Ansatz solution.
Institutions and Governance in Fisheries of Indian Brahmaputra River Basin
Authors: CHANDRA GANESH , BHATTACHARYYA UDAYBHANU
Published: October 2016

Riverine fisheries are of great importance in the tropical regions of the earth as they provide food
and nutrition to millions of people and support their livelihood. Brahmaputra is one of the largest
rivers of the world having a drainage area of 580,000 square kilometers. Institutional arrangements
have been compared in two river stretches and wetlands under different management regimes,
namely: (i) open access (North Lakhimpur district); (ii) Fishermen cooperative (Kamrup district);
and 15 floodplain wetlands (in three districts) under Individual, cooperative and open access. The
open access regime has no institutional arrangements, while for cooperative and individual
regime, the river and wetlands were leased out for 7 years.The ownership of riverine stretches of
Brahmaputra lies with department of revenue, while the ownership of floodplain wetlands under
various government departments.The study concluded that involvement of actual fisher
institutions fisheries may be encouraged for better fisheries management. A need was also felt for
periodic evaluation of these institutional arrangements towards their performance and natural
resources use. The inclusion of the entire actor group and the presence of active linkages within and
among them will strengthen governability.
The Relationship Between Health Management and Information Behavior Over Time: A Study of the Illness Journeys of People Living With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Chen Annie T
Published: October 2016

Background

Over the course of a chronic illness, patients face many challenges, including understanding what is happening to them and developing an effective strategy for managing illness. While there is existing literature concerning how people seek health-related information and cope with chronic illnesses, there is a need for additional research on how information affects patients’ understandings of their illness, and how changes in this understanding affect their health management strategies over time.

Objective

This study examined how health management, information seeking, and information consumption and use processes are related throughout an illness.

Methods

A diversified recruitment strategy involving multiple media channels was used to recruit participants for an interview study. During the interviews, participants were asked to draw an “illness journey” timeline. The data were analyzed using a qualitative approach drawn from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Grounded Theory.

Results

The study identified four main health management features of illness journeys: onset, progression toward diagnosis, acceptance, and development of an effective management strategy. The study then focused on how information seeking changes over illness journeys, particularly in terms of a transition from active information seeking to monitoring with intermittent focused searching. Last, the paper describes the information consumption and use processes that patients engaged in throughout their journey.

Conclusions

This study makes three important contributions to the field. First, it presents an integrated conceptualization of how health management and information behaviors are related on illness journeys. Second, it adds to our existing knowledge on health literacy and self-management of chronic illness. Third, the study has implications for health interface design.
Роль вісмуту в лікуванні гастродуоденальної патології (огляд літератури та власні дослідження)
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Mosiichuk L.M.
Published: October 2016

У статті подана історія створення колоїдного субцитрату вісмуту та розглянуті основні механізми його дії на слизову оболонку шлунка, як цитопротективної, так і антихелікобактерної. Викладені сучасні дані світових досліджень щодо застосування субцитрату вісмуту як компонента антибактеріальної терапії з метою підвищення ефективності ерадикації, особливо в умовах розвитку резистентності до базових препаратів. Наведені результати власних досліджень, що присвячені вивченню динаміки змін структурної перебудови слизової шлунка у хворих на хронічний атрофічний гастрит протягом 3 років після проведення ерадикації H.рylori. Застосування терапії першої лінії з додаванням препарату Де-Нол дозволило досягти ерадикації в 94,3 % обстежених та позитивних мікроструктурних змін слизової оболонки шлунка.
Досвід застосування психокорегуючої терапії в комплексному лікуванні хворих на гастроезофагеальну рефлюксну хворобу, поєднану з дисфункцією жовчовивідної системи
Authors: Demeshkina L.V. , Mosiychuk L.M. , Petishko O.P. , Zygalo E.V. , Zavyalova I.Yu.
Published: October 2016

У сучасну епоху внаслідок бурхливого зростання числа стресорних факторів особливо велике значення мають психотерапія та психофармакотерапія в комплексному лікуванні хворих із захворюваннями шлунково-кишкового тракту. Психогенні нашарування відіграють провідну роль у клінічній картині захворювання та визначають зниження працездатності пацієнтів. Мета. Оцінити ефективність лікування із застосуванням психокорегуючого засобу у хворих на гастроезофагеальну рефлюксну хворобу (ГЕРХ), поєднану з дисфункцією жовчовивідної системи, при наявності у них депресивних і тривожних проявів. Матеріали та методи. Всі хворі були розподілені на дві групи: І групу становили 27 хворих, які отримували тільки комплексне базове лікування, ІІ групу — 25 пацієнтів, яким додатково до базисного лікування призначався тіоридазин, що є піперидиновим похідним фенотіазину та належить до групи нейролептиків. Обидві групи були репрезентативні за віком, тривалістю та перебігом захворювань. У всіх пацієнтів за допомогою шкали HADS були виявлені тривожно-депресивні прояви. Для аналізу якості життя був використаний опитувальник SF‑36. Ефективність терапії оцінювали через 14 діб. Результати. У результаті лікування в обох групах спостерігали покращення загального самопочуття на фоні зменшення больового та диспептичного синдромів. При додаванні психокорегуючого засобу (тіоридазину) до базисної терапії відзначалися більш виражені позитивні зміни за інтенсивністю тривожно-депресивних проявів. Розподіл пацієнтів за рівнем тривоги та депресії після лікування виявив, що відсутність цих показників частіше відзначалась хворими ІІ групи (в 2,6 та 1,5 раза відповідно). Проте в 4,6 та 3,7 раза більше встановлено випадків клінічно вираженої тривоги і депресії в групі пацієнтів, які не отримували тіоридазин. Різниця у балах між рівнем тривоги і депресії до та після лікування була в 4 рази більшою у хворих, які додатково отримували психокорекцію. Також у ІІ групі спостерігалося більш значне покращення показника якості життя при порівнянні балів до та після лікування. Висновок. Включення до основної терапії тіоридазину за наявності депресивних і тривожних порушень у хворих на ГЕРХ, поєднану з дисфункцією жовчовивідної системи, підвищує клінічну ефективність фармакотерапії даної коморбідної патології.
Оксидантно-протиоксидантний гомеостаз при гастродуоденопатіях, індукованих нестероїдними протизапальними препаратами, у хворих на остеоартроз з урахуванням патогенних штамів Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Honcharuk L.M. , Fediv O.I. , Kohanuk Yu.V.
Published: October 2016

Роль Helicobacter pylori (Hp) в патогенетичних механізмах розвитку гастродуоденопатій (ГДП), обумовлених нестероїдними протизапальними препаратами (НПЗП), у хворих на остеоартроз (ОА) є не­однозначною. Метою роботи було визначення зміни оксидантно-протиоксидантного гомеостазу при ГПД, індукованих НПЗП, у хворих на ОА залежно від наявності патогенних штамів Hp. Методи. Для виконання поставленої мети обстежено 68 хворих на ОА із супутніми Hp-асоційованими ГДП, індукованими НПЗП. Визначено штами Hp у калі, крові та біоптатах методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Досліджено вміст продуктів окиснювальної модифікації білків — альдегід- і кетондинітрофенілгідразонів нейтрального характеру (АКДНФГ НХ), глутатіону відновленого (ГВ), активності глутатіонпероксидази (ГП) та глутатіон-S-трансферази (ГТ). Результати. В усіх обстежених пацієнтів спостерігали вірогідне зростання інтенсивності окиснювальної модифікації білків. Однак у хворих із супутнім Нр патогенним та ульцерогенним штамом cag A+/vac A+ АКДНФГ НХ були відповідно вище на 13,55 % (р < 0,05) та 22,89 % (р < 0,05) порівняно з хворими із супутніми Нр cag A+/vac A– та Нр cag A–/vac A+. В обстежених хворих спостерігалося зниження вмісту ГВ на тлі компенсаторного зростання активності ГТ і ГП. У досліджуваних із Нр патогенним та ульцерогенним штамом cag A+/vac A+ вміст ГВ був вірогідно нижчим відповідно на 16,45 та 26,66 % порівняно з хворими із супутніми Нр cag A+/vac A– та Нр cag A–/vac A+. Активність ГТ і ГП у хворих із Нр, що містили штами cag A+/vac A–, були дещо вищими, ніж у пацієнтів із Нр, що містили штами cag A–/vac A+. Висновок. При гастродуоденопатіях, індукованих НПЗП, у хворих на ОА спостерігаються вірогідні зміни оксидантно-протиоксидантного гомеостазу, а супутній патогенний та ульцерогенний штам Hp cag A+/vac A+ сприяє інтенсифікації окиснювальної модифікації білків на тлі порушення функціонування системи протиоксидантного захисту.
За матеріалами IV наукової сесії Інституту гастроентерології НАМН України «Новітні технології в теоретичній та клінічній гастроентерології»
Authors: Skyrda I.Yu. , Halenko O.P.
Published: October 2016

У статті наведені матеріали IV наукової сесії Інституту гастроентерології НАМН України «Новітні технології в теоретичній та клінічній гастроентерології», яка проводилася 16–17 червня 2016 р. у м. Дніпрі Державною установою «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України» у діловому центрі «Менора».Науковий керівник конференції — Юрій Миронович Степанов, доктор медичних наук, професор, заслужений лікар України, директор ДУ «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України», завідувач кафедри гастроентерології та терапії ФПО ДЗ «Дніпропетровська медична академія», голова спілки «Асоціація з вивчення та лікування хвороб органів травлення в Україні».
Медики-подвижники на ниві земської медицини
Authors: Shevtsovа Z. , Gaponov V. , Chaban M.
Published: October 2016

Земська медицина як форма медичного обслуговування сільського населення виникла у другій половині ХІХ століття. На земство була покладена турбота про охорону здоров’я людей, медицина стала соціальною службою. Розвиток земської медицини сприяв збільшенню кількості медичних працівників на селі. Наданi життєвий шлях і професійна діяльність медиків Івана Лешко-Попеля, Василя Смирнова, Миколи Моцакова, Всеволода Малиновського. Їх долі, без залишку віддані людям, є взірцем кращих традицій земської медицини.
Analisis Motivasi Berprestasi Atlet Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Olahraga Pelajar Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Muskanan Karel
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh faktor intrinsik dan faktor ekstrinsik terhadap ­motivasi berprestasi atlit. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode sensus dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan gabungan ­m­­enggunakan teknik dan analisis data korelatif kuantitatif untuk skala interval dan analisis korelatif kuantitatif untuk skala ordinal menggunakan Spearman Rank. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 36 atlet, dengan variabel penelitian terdiri dari enam variabel bebas yang tergolong dalam faktor intrinsik (kompetensi atlet, pemenuhan kebutuhan, status dan tanggung jawab) dan faktor ekstrinsik (lingkungan, teknik supervisi, dan jaminan karir). Hasil yang diperoleh melalui uji statistik korelatif ­kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing parameter (kompetensi atlet, pemenuhan kebutuhan, status dan tanggung jawab, ­lingkungan, teknik supervisi, dan jaminan karir) mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dan relevan dengan teori serta ­berpengaruh ­secara parsial dan simultan terhadap motivasi berprestasi atlet. Hasil analisis koefisien determinasi (R2) ­menunjukkan bahwa ­sumbangan atau kontribusi dari aspek-aspek pada variabel internal dan eksternal terhadap motivasi berprestasi atlet mempunyai kontribusi yang signifikan pada motivasi berprestasi atlet PPLP NTT.
Trabecular Bone Score and Incident Fragility Fracture Risk in Adults with Reduced Kidney Function
Authors: Naylor Kyla L. , Prior Jerilynn , Garg Amit X. , Berger Claudie , Langsetmo Lisa , Adachi Jonathan D. , Goltzman David , Kovacs Christopher S. , Josse Robert G. , Leslie William D.
Published: October 2016

Background and objectives

Trabecular bone score is a gray–level textural measure obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry lumbar spine images that provides information independent of areal bone mineral density. The association between trabecular bone score and incident fractures in adults with reduced kidney function and whether this association differs from that of adults with normal kidney function are unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We included 1426 participants ages ≥40 years old (mean age of 67 years) in the community–based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. We stratified participants at cohort entry (2005–2008) by eGFR (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 [n=199; 72.4% stage 3a, 25.1% stage 3b, and 2.5% stage 4] versus ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 [n=1227]). Trabecular bone score was obtained from lumbar spine (L1–L4) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry images, with a lower trabecular bone score representing worse bone structure. Over an average of 4.7 years follow-up (maximum follow-up of 5 years), we documented incident fragility (low–trauma) fracture events (excluding craniofacial, foot, and hand sites). We used a modified Kaplan–Meier estimator to determine the 5-year probability of fracture. Cox proportional hazard regression per SD lower trabecular bone score expressed the gradient of fracture risk.

Results

Individuals with an eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 who had a trabecular bone score value below the median (<1.277) had a significantly higher 5-year fracture probability than those above the median (18.1% versus 6.2%; P=0.01). The association between trabecular bone score and fracture was independent of bone mineral density and other clinical risk factors in adults with reduced and normal kidney function (adjusted hazard ratio per SD lower trabecular bone score: eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.51; eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.83).

Conclusions

Lower lumbar spine trabecular bone score is independently associated with a higher fracture risk in adults with reduced kidney function. Additional study is needed to examine the association between trabecular bone score and fractures in individuals with diagnosed CKD-mineral and bone disorder.
Análise comparativa do pagamento de insumos da produção da soja no Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Kunitake Adriana , Mota Edson Pereira da
Published: October 2016

O produtor rural tem buscado maior rentabilidade nos seus negócios, logo, a análise gerencial do custo de produção é um dos fatores fundamentais para seu êxito. A aquisição dos insumos agrícolas tem grande peso no custo de produção da cultura da soja, é necessário que o produtor rural verifique a melhor condição de pagamento de acordo com a sua situação financeira, resultando na garantia de sua rentabilidade. Para colaborar com esta tomada de decisão, o objetivo foi comparar quatro formas de pagamento dos insumos agrícolas da cultura da soja no Estado de Mato Grosso da safra 2014/2015. As modalidades de pagamento foram: operação barter, financiamento bancário (recursos livres e recursos obrigatórios) e, o pagamento à vista. Dados foram coletados das médias do Estado do Mato Grosso e foram realizadas consultadas a revendas do Estado para melhor entendimento e informações da operação barter. Analisou-se três diferentes cenários sobre o preço da saca da soja no momento da colheita, cenário 1 – R$ 40,00 sc-1, cenário 2 – R$ 50,00 sc-1 e cenário 3 – R$ 60,00 sc-1. Nos três cenários a operação barter se mostrou economicamente viável com destaque para os dois primeiros, apresentando rentabilidade de R$ 144,99 ha-1 e R$ 383,99 ha-1. Conclui-se que a operação barter, a qual vem despontando no mercado, foi a mais atrativa forma de pagamento para o preço da soja até R$ 50,00 sc-1, em situações de alta de preço (R$ 60,00 sc-1) o pagamento à vista e com recursos obrigatórios foram as melhores opções ao produtor.
Influência da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar no custo do corte mecanizado
Authors: Bastos Kamyro Jorge José Zaccaria , Landell Marcos Guimarães de Andrade , Miranda Elisângela de Souza
Published: October 2016

A cultura da cana-de-açúcar possui grande relevância dentro do agronegócio nacional. Na safra 2014/2015, o Brasil produziu 634,8 milhões de toneladas em um pouco mais de nove milhões de hectares cultivados principalmente nos Estados de São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, gerando grande quantidade de empregos diretos e indiretos. No processo de produção da cana a colheita destaca-se pelos altos custos, representando aproximadamente 35% do custo total de produção, sendo que o corte mecanizado é responável por 53% desta parcela. A definição deste custo é consequência de algumas variáveis, mas principalmente influenciado pela produtividade agrícola, já que o rendimento de colheita do equipamento depende basicamente da relação entre velocidade de colheita e produtividade do canavial. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da produtividade agrícola no custo do corte mecanizado da cultura em uma unidade agroindustrial localizada no estado de Goiás. Constatou-se que o aumento de produtividade foi fundamental para o aumento no rendimento de colheita, reduzindo os custos deste processo. Conclui-se que quanto maior a produtividade agrícola, menor o custo do corte mecanizado, em função da necessidade de menor utilização da quantidade de horas de colhedoras para realizar o corte mecanizado da área estudada, que foi de 21.496 ha. O custo do corte mecanizado foi reduzido em 27,9% devido ao aumento de 31,09% da produtividade agrícola. A redução do custo foi de 2,88 milhões de reais no período estudado.
Biomassa econômica da produção de tilápias em tanques-rede em propriedade rural no sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Sonoda Daniel Yokoyama , Cyrino José Eurico Possebon , Shirota Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Os avanços tecnológicos na piscicultura têm permitido o aumento da produtividade e consequente aumento da produção de peixes. Nem sempre o aumento da produtividade do sistema resulta na sua melhor rentabilidade. A biomassa econômica calcula o ponto de máximo lucro em função de uma variável de relevância. Propõem-se dois métodos distintos: um indireto, em que a biomassa e os insumos estão em função do tempo; e um direto, em que a biomassa está em função do principal insumo do sistema: a ração utilizada. A biomassa econômica nos dois métodos apresentaram números distintos: 173,66 kg m-3 para o método indireto e153,38 kg m-3 para o método direto. No método indireto mais insumos variam em função do tempo do que apenas a ração considerada pelo método direto, portanto, cada método pode ser empregado dependendo da situação em que se pretende avaliar a biomassa econômica. No caso em que se têm mais informações sobre o uso de insumos e da biomassa, o método indireto pode ser mais adequado. Por outro lado, quando se possui somente dados de uso de ração em função da biomassa, o método direto seria o mais recomendado.
Custo marginal de abatimento de emissões de gases de efeito estufa na recuperação da pastagem
Authors: Kimura Willian Jun , Santos Elcio Ferreira
Published: October 2016

A demanda crescente por alimentos e as preocupações ambientais fizeram com que líderes governamentais incentivassem a adoção de tecnologias que possam aumentar a oferta de alimentos de forma sustentável. O objetivo com esse trabalho é valorar a mitigação de gases de efeito estufa através da recuperação de pastagem por meio do financiamento com a linha de crédito do Programa Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono, utilizando a ferramenta custo marginal de abatimento. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram utilizados dados financeiros do Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada e da Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil e de emissões, do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas e do Plano Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono para simular os custos anuais líquidos e as emissões líquidas da tecnologia atual e de abatimento, representadas por uma pecuária de baixa tecnologia e em pastagem recuperada, respectivamente. Os valores financeiros e de emissões da pecuária em pasto recuperado se apresentaram mais favoráveis quando comparados à pecuária de baixa tecnologia. Considerando esses dois fatores, chega-se a um custo marginal de abatimento de - R$ 24,72 por tCO2 equivalente. Desta maneira, a cada uma tonelada de gás carbônico equivalente mitigado pela recuperação da pastagem, o pecuarista tem um resultado financeiro de R$ 24,72 a mais do que se continuasse com uma pecuária de baixa tecnologia. Sendo assim, a recuperação de pastagem demostra ser uma prática que permite o aumento na produção de alimento de forma sustentável tanto ambientalmente quanto financeiramente.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STIMULAN TERHADAP FISIOLOGI LATEKS BEBERAPA KLON TANAMAN KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL ARG)
Authors: Atminingsih Atminingsih , Napitupulu Justin A. , Siregar Tumpal H. S.
Published: October 2016

Stimulan merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan produksi lateks pada tanaman karet. Penggunaan stimulan tanpa memperhatikan karakteristik klon menyebabkan kelelahan fisiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi stimulan terhadap fisiologi lateks pada beberapa klon.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih di areal plot promosi (PP/07/03) Tahun Tanam 2004. Rancangan Petak Tersarang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan perlakuan pertama adalah jenis klon (IRR 412, IRR 417, IRR 420, IRR 406, PB 260 dan BPM 24).  Perlakuan kedua adalah konsentrasi stimulan terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu S0 (tanpa stimulan), S1 (ethepon 2,5%), dan S2 (ethepon 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi stimulan dapat meningkatkan produksi, kadar thiol dan kadar fosfat anorganik, tetapi menurunkan kadar karet kering, dan kadar sukrosa. Indeks penyumbatan sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi stimulan dan interaksi antara klon dan stimulan. Dari keenam klon yang diuji, klon IRR 412, IRR 406, dan BPM 24 tergolong responsif terhadap stimulan, sementara klon IRR 417, IRR 420 dan PB 260 kurang responsif.  Diterima : 23 Desember 2015 / Direvisi : 3 Maret 2016 / Disetujui : 4 April 2016 How to Cite : Atminingsih, A., Napitupulu, J., & Siregar, T. (2016). Pengaruh konsentrasi stimulan terhadap fisiologi lateks beberapa klon tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 13-24. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/219
TUMPANGSARI SORGUM DAN KEDELAI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN TBM KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL ARG)
Authors: Tistama Radite , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Sembiring YanRiska Venata , Fauzi Iif Rahmat , Hastuti Ratih Dewi , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: October 2016

Penanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dan kedelai (Glycine max) sebagai tanaman tumpangsari merupakan pilihan yang tepat untuk mendukung upaya pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan dan peningkatan produksi pangan Indonesia.  Lahan karet belum menghasilkan cukup luas untuk dimanfaatkan untuk upaya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola tanam tumpangsari yang tepat dan melihat interaksinya terhadap tanaman karet baik dalam hal penyebaran penyakit jamur akar putih dan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu jarak tanaman tumpangsari 0,5 m, 1 m dan 1,5 m terhadap tanaman karet, dan jenis tanaman tumpangsari yaitu sorgum dan kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di gawangan tanaman karet umur 1 tahun (TBM 1) dan umur 3 tahun (TBM 3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh jarak tanaman tumpangsari pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman karet. Tanaman tumpangsari sorgum dan kedelai meningkatkan pH, fosfor, nitrogen, dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) di dalam tanah, serta dapat menekan penyebaran penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (JAP). Produksi tumpangsari menunjukkan pola tanam kedelai dan sorgum terbaik pada jarak tanam 0,5 m dari tanaman karet dan tumpangsari sorgum dan kedelai (tunggal) pada TBM 1 dapat memberikan keuntungan serta nilai tambah bagi usahatani karet. Diterima : 6 Januari 2016 / Direvisi : 20 Juli 2016 / Disetujui : 30 Juli 2016 How to Cite : Tistama, R., Dalimunthe, C., Sembiring, Y., Fauzi, I., Hastuti, R., & Suharsono, S. (2016). Tumpangsari sorgum dan kedelai untuk mendukung produktivitas lahan TBM Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 0, 61-76. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/222
IDENTIFIKASI KETAHANAN PLASMA NUTFAH KARET IRRDB 1981 TERPILIH TERHADAP PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN CORYNESPORA BERDASARKAN AKTIVITAS TOKSIN CASSICOLIN
Authors: Oktavia Fetrina , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi , Dinarty Dini , Widodo Widodo
Published: October 2016

Salah satu penyakit pada tanaman karet adalah penyakit gugur daun Corynespora (PGDC) yang disebabkan oleh jamur Corynespora cassiicola. Patogen tersebut dapat menyerang semua tahap pertumbuhan tanaman karet yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan hasil lateks yang cukup signifikan dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman. Penggunaan klon-klon tahan sebagai bahan tanam merupakan cara yang paling efektif dan ekonomis untuk mencegah terjadinya serangan PGDC. Karena itu identifikasi klon-klon resisten merupakan strategi utama dalam manajemen PGDC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat ketahanan 50 genotipe terpilih plasma nutfah IRRDB 1981 (PN’81) terhadap PGDC. Enam klon karet yang berasal dari populasi Wickham digunakan sebagai pembanding (BPM 24, BPM 1, GT 1, RRIC 600, PB 260 dan RRIM 600). Empat isolat C. cassiicola (CC-01, CC-20, CC-22, dan CC-23) diinokulasikan masing-masing pada daun muda tahap pertumbuhan B2C, dan intensitas kelayuan daun dihitung berdasarkan estimasi kehilangan air akibat aktifitas patogenisitas toksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 genotipe tergolong sangat tahan, 13 genotipe tergolong tahan, 23 genotipe tergolong rentan dan 8 genotipe tergolong sangat rentan. Genotipe PN 451, PN 494 dan PN 604 menunjukkan tingkat ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap PGDC dibandingkan dengan populasi Wickham sehingga ketiga genotipe tersebut berpotensi digunakan sebagai sumber gen ketahanan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman karet. Diterima : 13 Maret 2016 / Direvisi : 29 Juli 2016 / Disetujui : 2 Agustus 2016 How to Cite : Oktavia, F., Sudarsono, S., Kuswanhadi, K., Dinarty, D., & Widodo, W. (2016). Identifikasi ketahanan plasma nutfah karet IRRDB 1981 terpilih terhadap penyakit gugur daun Corynespora berdasarkan aktivitas toksin Cassicolin. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 35-48. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/225
HETEROSIS DAN HERITABILITAS PADA PROGENI F1 HASIL PERSILANGAN KEKERABATAN JAUH TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Daslin Aidi
Published: October 2016

Perbaikan potensi genetik merupakan faktor yang penting dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas karet. Kemajuan pemuliaan karet sangat tergantung kepada potensi dan ketersediaan sumber keragaman genetik, yang diperoleh melalui kegiatan persilangan antara tetua yang memiliki hubungan kekerabatan jauh. Seleksi progeni pada populasi F1 diharapkan dapat menghasilkan keturunan yang lebih baik dari kedua tetuanya, yang besarnya dapat diukur dari nilai heterosis, heterobeltiosis, derajat dominansi gen yang diukur dari rasio nilai potensi, dan heritabilitas.  Untuk mempelajari pengaruh parameter tersebut dilakukan suatu analisis dengan menggunakan 40 progeni F1 umur enam tahun hasil persilangan PB 260 dan PN 7111 yang memiliki hubungan kekerabatan genetik jauh. Hasil analisis menunjukkan keragaman yang cukup signifikan pada tujuh peubah yang diamati, dengan koefisien keragaman produksi g/p/s (62,39%), lilit batang (22,02%), jumlah ring pembuluh lateks (28,17%), diameter pembuluh lateks (17,72%), indeks penyumbatan (41,01%), kadar sukrosa (30,13%), dan kadar fosfat anorganik (69,78%). Berdasarkan nilai heterosis pada karakter lilit batang, progeni nomor 1087, 1184, dan 1086 memiliki nilai heterosis bernilai positif, sedangkan progeni yang lain bernilai negatif. Nilai heterobeltiosis untuk karakter lilit batang dari 40 progeni F1 bernilai negatif. Demikian juga untuk  karakter hasil lateks, 40  progeni F1 tersebut memiliki nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis bernilai negatif.  Berdasarkan derajat dominansi gen yang diukur dengan rasio nilai potensi pada karakter ukuran lilit batang,  progeni  nomor  1089, 1184, dan 1086 menunjukkan aksi gen dominan positif tidak sempurna, sedangkan untuk  karakter hasil lateks, keempat puluh progeni F1 menunjukkan aksi gen dominan negatif tidak sempurna. Nilai heritabilitas karakter hasil lateks, jumlah ring pembuluh lateks, diameter ring pembuluh lateks, kadar sukrosa, dan kadar fospat anorganik  tergolong tinggi dengan nilai h2 antara 0,52–0,85, sedangkan nilai heritabilitas karakter lilit batang  dan indeks penyumbatan tergolong sedang, dengan nilai h2 masing- masing yaitu 0,39 dan 0,47.  How to Cite : Sayurandi, & Daslin, A. (2011). Heterosis dan heritabilitas pada progeni F1 hasil persilangan kekerabatan jauh tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(1), 1-15. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/105
Sampul Depan 29 1 2011
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Depan 29 1 2011
EVALUASI PENGUJIAN LANJUTAN KLON KARET IRR SERI 200 PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Daslin Aidi
Published: October 2016

Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman karet generasi keempat yang dimulai tahun 1985 telah menghasilkan klon IRR seri 200. Dari hasil uji plot promosi telah diseleksi beberapa klon harapan dengan daya hasil lateks tinggi, pertumbuhan jagur, resisten terhadap  penyakit serta memiliki sifat-sifat sekunder penting yang baik. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih luas  telah dilakukan uji lanjutan sebanyak 12 klon pada dua lokasi masing-masing  di kebun Serbangan, PT. Bakrie Sumatra Plantation dan kebun Aek Pamienke, PT. Socfin Indonesia  provinsi Sumatera Utara, yang dibangun tahun 2005 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Pengamatan pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 tahun, tebal kulit, jumlah saluran, dan diameter pembuluh lateks masing-masing pada umur 5 tahun serta intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora pada umur 3 dan 5 tahun. Dari pertumbuhan lilit batang pada umur empat tahun, IRR 220 dan IRR 211 tergolong klon yang jagur (masing-masing lilit batang 44,9 dan 51,0 cm). Klon IRR 220 tergolong stabil di dua lokasi pengujian, sedangkan  IRR 211 adaptif di lokasi dengan iklim yang lebih basah. Berdasarkan ketebalan kulit dan pembuluh lateks, klon IRR 208, IRR 211, IRR 215, IRR 217 dan IRR 220 diprediksi berpotensi cukup baik sebagai  penghasil lateks. Semua klon yang diuji tergolong agak resisten sampai dengan resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora.  Diterima : 2 Februari 2011; Disetujui : 3 Mei 2011How to Cite : Daslin, A. (2011). Evaluasi pengujian lanjutan klon karet IRR seri 200 pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(2), 93-101. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/241