bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does a Plant Cell Build a New Cell Wall When Dividing?
Authors: Chang Mingqin , Drakakaki Georgia
Published: June 2021

If you live in an apartment or a house, you will notice that your home has different rooms separated by walls. A plant is just like your home, except there are many small rooms, called cells. Plant cells, like rooms, are also separated by cell walls. Cell walls are unique and are not found in animal cells. In a building, if you want to turn one large room into two small rooms, you build a new wall to divide it. This is similar to how a plant cell divides into two cells during cell division. To build a wall in a building, you need to employ construction workers, design the building plan, buy building materials, and finally assembly the wall. How does the plant cell take care of these different jobs? This article explains how the cell wall is built in a plant cell during cell division.
The Peptide TAT-I24 with Antiviral Activity against DNA Viruses Binds Double-Stranded DNA with High Affinity
Authors: Harant Hanna , Höfinger Siegfried , Kricek Franz , Ruf Christine , Ruzsics Zsolt , Hengel Hartmut , Lindley Ivan
Published: June 2021

The peptide TAT-I24, composed of the 9-mer peptide I24 and the TAT (48-60) peptide, exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several DNA viruses. The current model of the mode of action suggests a reduction of viral entry and also a possible interaction with the viral DNA upon virus entry. To further support this model, the present study investigates the DNA binding properties of TAT-I24. DNA binding was analysed by gel retardation of a peptide-complexed DNA, fluorescence reduction of DNA labelled with intercalating dyes and determination of binding kinetics by surface plasmon resonance. Molecular dynamics simulations of DNA-peptide complexes predict high-affinity binding and destabilization of the DNA by TAT-I24. The effect on viral DNA levels of infected cells were studied by real-time PCR and staining of viral DNA by bromodeoxyuridine. TAT-I24 binds double-stranded DNA with high affinity, leading to inhibition of polymerase binding and thereby blocking of de novo nucleic acid synthesis. Analysis of early steps of virus entry using a bromodeoxyuridine-labelled virus as well as quantification of viral genomes in the cells indicate direct binding of the peptide to the viral DNA. Saturation of the peptide with exogenous DNA can fully neutralize the inhibitory effect. The antiviral activity of TAT-I24 is linked to its ability to bind DNA with high affinity. This mechanism could be the basis for the development of novel antiviral agents.
Dust-Ion-Acoustic Rogue Waves in a Dusty Plasma Having Super-Thermal Electrons
Authors: Noman Akib Al , Islam Md Khairul , Hassan Mehedi , Banik Subrata , Chowdhury Nure Alam , Mannan Abdul , Mamun A. A.
Published: June 2021

The standard nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) is one of the elegant equations to find detailed information about the modulational instability criteria of dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) waves and associated DIA rogue waves (DIARWs) in a three-component dusty plasma medium with inertialess super-thermal kappa distributed electrons, and inertial warm positive ions and negative dust grains. It can be seen that the plasma system supports both fast and slow DIA modes under consideration of inertial warm ions along with inertial negatively charged dust grains. It is also found that the modulationally stable parametric regime decreases with κ. The numerical analysis has also shown that the amplitude of the first and second-order DIARWs decreases with ion temperature. These results are to be considered the cornerstone for explaining the real puzzles in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.
Prognostic Value of Cortisol Index of Endobiogeny in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Braukyliene Rima , Hedayat Kamyar , Zajanckauskiene Laura , Jurenas Martynas , Unikas Ramunas , Aldujeli Ali , Petrokas Osvaldas , Zabiela Vytautas , Steponaviciute Rasa , Vitkauskiene Astra , Hedayat Brigita , Simonyte Sandrita , Lesauskaite Vaiva , Lapraz Jean Claude , Zaliaduonyte Diana
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Serum cortisol has been extensively studied for its role during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Reports have been inconsistent, with high and low serum cortisol associated with various clinical outcomes. Several publications claim to have developed methods to evaluate cortisol activity by using elements of complete blood count with its differential. This study aims to compare the prognostic value of the cortisol index of Endobiogeny with serum cortisol in AMI patients, and to identify if the risk of mortality in AMI patients can be more precisely assessed by using both troponin I and cortisol index than troponin I alone. Materials and methods: This prospective study included 123 consecutive patients diagnosed with AMI. Diagnostic coronary angiography and revascularization was performed for all patients. Cortisol index was measured on admission, on discharge, and after 6 months. Two year follow-up for all patients was obtained. Results: Our study shows cortisol index peaks at 7–12 h after the onset of AMI, while serum cortisol peaked within 3 h from the onset of AMI. The cortisol index is elevated at admission, then significantly decreases at discharge; furthermore, the decline to its bottom most at 6 months is observed with mean values being constantly elevated. The cortisol index on admission correlated with 24-month mortality. We established combined cut-off values of cortisol index on admission > 100 and troponin I > 1.56 μg/las a prognosticator of poor outcomes for the 24-month period. Conclusions: The cortisol index derived from the global living systems theory of Endobiogeny is more predictive of mortality than serum cortisol. Moreover, a combined assessment of cortisol index and Troponin I during AMI offers more accurate risk stratification of mortality risk than troponin alone.
NOX2 Activation in COVID-19: Possible Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Sindona Cinzia , Schepici Giovanni , Contestabile Valentina , Bramanti Placido , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading contagious infectious disease caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that primarily affects the respiratory tract as well as the central nervous system (CNS). SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs through the interaction of the viral protein Spike with the angiotensin II receptor (ACE 2), leading to an increase of angiotensin II and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase2 (NOX2), resulting in the release of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory molecules. The purpose of the review is to explain that SARS-CoV-2 infection can determine neuroinflammation that induces NOX2 activation in microglia. To better understand the role of NOX2 in inflammation, an overview of its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is provided. To write this manuscript, we performed a PubMed search to evaluate the possible relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NOX2 activation in microglia, as well as the role of NOX2 in NDs. Several studies highlighted that NOX2 activation in microglia amplifies neuroinflammation. To date, there is no clinical treatment capable of counteracting its activation, however, NOX2 could be a promising pharmaceutical target useful for both the treatment and prevention of NDs and COVID-19 treatment.
Prevalence, Epidemiological Characteristics, and Pharmacotherapy of Coronary Artery Disease among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Data from Jo-Fib Study
Authors: Al-Makhamreh Hanna K. , Al-Sabbagh Mohammed Q. , Shaban Ala’ E. , Obiedat Abdelrahman F. , Hammoudeh Ayman J.
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Patients with AF are at increased risk for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) owing to their shared etiologies and risk factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, cardiovascular risk factors, and used medications of CAD in AF patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, case-control study utilized data from the Jordanian Atrial Fibrillation (Jo-Fib) registry. Investigators collected clinical features, history of co-existing comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS BLED scores for all AF patients aged >18 visiting 19 hospitals and 30 outpatient cardiology clinics. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to asses for factors associated with higher odds of having CAD. Results: Out of 2000 patients with AF, 227 (11.35%) had CAD. Compared to the rest of the sample, those with CAD had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (82.38%; p < 0.01), hypercholesterolemia (66.52%, p < 0.01), diabetes (56.83%, p < 0.01), and smoking (18.06%, p = 0.04). Patients with AF and CAD had higher use of anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents combination (p < 0.01) compared to the rest of the sample. Females had lower CAD risk than males (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24–0.50). AF Patients with dyslipidemia (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.8–3.4), smoking (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.4–1.7), and asymptomatic AF (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) had higher risk for CAD. Conclusions: Owing to the increased prevalence of CAD in patients with AF, better control of cardiac risk factors is recommended for this special group. Future studies should investigate such interesting relationships to stratify CAD risk in AF patients. We believe that this study adds valuable information regarding the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, and pharmacotherapy of CAD in patients with AF.
Characteristics of Pedaling Muscle Stiffness among Cyclists of Different Performance Levels
Authors: López-Laval Isaac , Cirer-Sastre Rafel , Corbi Francisco , Sitko Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of an incremental exercise test on muscle stiffness in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius (GL) among road cyclists of three performance levels. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 35 cyclists grouped according to their performance level; elite (n = 10; professional license), sub-elite (n = 12; amateur license), and recreational (n = 13; cyclosportive license). Passive muscle stiffness was assessed using myometry before and after an incremental exercise test. Results: There was a significant correlation between time and category in the vastus lateralis with stiffness increases in the sub-elite (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.88) and elite groups (p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.72), but not in the recreational group (p = 0.085). Stiffness increased over time in the knee extensors (RF, p < 0.001; VL, p < 0.001), but no changes were observed in the knee flexors (GL, p = 0.63, BF, p = 0.052). There were no baseline differences among the categories in any muscle. Conclusions: Although the performance level affected VL stiffness after an incremental exercise test, no differences in passive stiffness were observed among the main muscles implicated in pedaling in a resting state. Future research should assess whether this marker could be used to differentiate cyclists of varying fitness levels and its potential applicability for the monitoring of training load.
A Review of the Significance in Measuring Preoperative and Postoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Values in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
Authors: Passos Ioannis , Stefanidou Elisavet , Meditskou-Eythymiadou Soultana , Mironidou-Tzouveleki Maria , Manaki Vasiliki , Magra Vasiliki , Laskou Styliani , Mantalovas Stylianos , Pantea Stelian , Kesisoglou Isaak , Sapalidis Konstantinos
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 1–2% of all thyroid malignancies, and it originates from parafollicular “C” cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker, mainly for gastrointestinal malignancies. There are references in literature where elevated CEA levels may be the first finding in MTC. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of measuring preoperative and postoperative CEA values in patients with MTC and to define the clinical significance of the correlation between CEA and the origin of C cells. Materials and Methods: The existing and relevant literature was reviewed by searching for articles and specific keywords in the scientific databases of PubMedCentraland Google Scholar (till December 2020). Results: CEA has found its place, especially at the preoperative level, in the diagnostic approach of MTC. Preoperative CEA values >30 ng/mL indicate extra-thyroid disease, while CEA values >100 ng/mL are associated with lymph node involvement and distant metastases. The increase in CEA values preoperatively is associated with larger size of primary tumor, presence of lymph nodes, distant metastases and a poorer prognosis. The clinical significance of CEA values for the surgeon is the optimal planning of surgical treatment. In the recent literature, C cells seem to originate from the endoderm of the primitive anterior gut at the ultimobranchial bodies’ level. Conclusions: Although CEA is not a specific biomarker of the disease in MTC, itsmeasurement is useful in assessing the progression of the disease. The embryonic origin of C cells could explain the increased CEA values in MTC.
Vancomycin-Induced Organizing Pneumonia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Young-Shin , Lee Yu-Mi
Published: June 2021

The long-term administration of vancomycin has increased; however, the pulmonary adverse reactions of long-term vancomycin treatment remain under-studied. A 75-year-old male patient with vertebral osteomyelitis receiving long-term vancomycin therapy developed a fever. High resolution computed tomography showed irregular ground glass opacity and consolidation in the right upper lung. The patient developed organizing pneumonia. This occurred without peripheral eosinophilia or adverse reactions in the skin and liver. The administration of vancomycin was discontinued. He recovered from organizing pneumonia after four weeks of steroid therapy. Solitary organizing pneumonia can develop during treatment with vancomycin. When pulmonary inflammation occurs and other causes of pneumonia are excluded, vancomycin therapy should be discontinued.
Interaction of Natural Compounds in Licorice and Turmeric with HIV-NCp7 Zinc Finger Domain: Potential Relevance to the Mechanism of Antiviral Activity
Authors: Wang Runjing , Wei Yinyu , Wang Meiqin , Yan Pan , Jiang Hongliang , Du Zhifeng
Published: June 2021

Nucleocapsid proteins (NCp) are zinc finger (ZF) proteins, and they play a central role in HIV virus replication, mainly by interacting with nucleic acids. Therefore, they are potential targets for anti-HIV therapy. Natural products have been shown to be able to inhibit HIV, such as turmeric and licorice, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Liquiritin (LQ), isoliquiritin (ILQ), glycyrrhizic acid (GL), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and curcumin (CUR), which were the major active components, were herein chosen to study their interactions with HIV-NCp7 C-terminal zinc finger, aiming to find the potential active compounds and reveal the mechanism involved. The stacking interaction between NCp7 tryptophan and natural compounds was evaluated by fluorescence. To elucidate the binding mode, mass spectrometry was used to characterize the reaction mixture between zinc finger proteins and active compounds. Subsequently, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking were used to validate and reveal the binding mode from a structural perspective. The results showed that ILQ has the strongest binding ability among the tested compounds, followed by curcumin, and the interaction between ILQ and the NCp7 zinc finger peptide was mediated by a noncovalent interaction. This study provided a scientific basis for the antiviral activity of turmeric and licorice.
Barriers to Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Morgan Gareth J.
Published: June 2021

Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation could benefit patients with systemic amyloidosis. In this group of diseases, deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from normally soluble proteins leads to progressive tissue damage and organ failure. Amyloid formation is a complex process, where several individual steps could be targeted. Several small molecules have been proposed as inhibitors of amyloid formation. However, the exact mechanism of action for a molecule is often not known, which impedes medicinal chemistry efforts to develop more potent molecules. Furthermore, commonly used assays are prone to artifacts that must be controlled for. Here, potential mechanisms by which small molecules could inhibit aggregation of immunoglobulin light-chain dimers, the precursor proteins for amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, are studied in assays that recapitulate different aspects of amyloidogenesis in vitro. One molecule reduced unfolding-coupled proteolysis of light chains, but no molecules inhibited aggregation of light chains or disrupted pre-formed amyloid fibrils. This work demonstrates the challenges associated with drug development for amyloidosis, but also highlights the potential to combine therapies that target different aspects of amyloidosis.
Selective Production of Phenol on Bifunctional, Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites
Authors: Popova Margarita , Szegedi Ágnes , Oykova Manuela , Lazarova Hristina , Koseva Neli , Mihályi Magdolna R. , Shestakova Pavletta
Published: June 2021

Mono- and bimetallic Ni-, Ru- and Pt-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 materials were prepared by impregnation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR–TGA), ATR–FTIR and solid state NMR spectroscopy. Formation of finely dispersed nickel, ruthenium and platinum species was observed on the bimetallic catalysts. It was found that the peculiarity of the used zeolite structure and the modification procedure determine the type of formed metal oxides and their dispersion and reducibility. The samples’ acidity was studied via FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. The changes in the zeolite structure were studied via solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The catalysts were investigated in a gas-phase hydrodeoxygenation, transalkylation and dealkylation reaction of model lignin derivative molecules for phenol production.
Prenylated Flavonoid Glycosides with PCSK9 mRNA Expression Inhibitory Activity from the Aerial Parts of Epimedium koreanum
Authors: Kim Eeray , Kim Young-Mi , Ahn Jongmin , Chae Hee-Sung , Chin Young-Won , Kim Jinwoong
Published: June 2021

Phytochemical investigation on the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum using the PCSK9 mRNA monitoring assay led to the identification of four previously undescribed acylated flavonoid glycosides and 18 known compounds. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS, and other chemical methods. All isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. Of the isolates, compounds 6, 7, 10, 15, and 17–22 were found to significantly inhibit PCSK9 mRNA expression. In particular, compound 7 was shown to increase LDLR mRNA expression. Thus, compound 7 may potentially increase LDL uptake and lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
The Management of Dissolved Oxygen by a Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor Affects Wine Aging
Authors: Errichiello Francesco , Picariello Luigi , Guerriero Antonio , Moio Luigi , Forino Martino , Gambuti Angelita
Published: June 2021

Background: Numerous oenological practices can cause an excess of dissolved oxygen in wine, thus determining sensory and chromatic defects in the short- to long-term. Hence, it is necessary to manage the excess of oxygen before bottling. Methods: In this study, the management of the dissolved oxygen content by a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor apparatus was performed in two wines from different grape varieties (Aglianico and Falanghina). The wines were analyzed after an 11-month aging. Anthocyanins and acetaldehyde content were evaluated by HPLC. In addition, other phenolic compounds and chromatic characteristics were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. NMR and HR ESIMS analyses were conducted to evaluate the amount of pyranoanthocyanins and polymeric pigments. Results: After 11 months of aging, in both wines a decrease of free and total SO2 with respect to initial values was detected. In the wines with the highest dissolved oxygen levels, a more remarkable loss was observed. No significant differences in terms of color parameters were detected. In red wine with the highest oxygen content, a massive formation of polymeric pigments and BSA reactive tannins was observed, as opposed to wines with lower oxygen levels. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the membrane contactor can prove a successful tool to manage dissolved oxygen in wines as to prevent their oxidative spoilage.
Roseabol A, a New Peptaibol from the Fungus Clonostachys rosea
Authors: Kim Chang-Kwon , Krumpe Lauren R. H. , Smith Emily , Henrich Curtis J. , Brownell Isaac , Wendt Karen L. , Cichewicz Robert H. , O’Keefe Barry R. , Gustafson Kirk R.
Published: June 2021

A new 11 amino acid linear peptide named roseabol A (1) and the known compound 13-oxo-trans-9,10-epoxy-11(E)-octadecenoic acid (2) were isolated from the fungus Clonostachys rosea. Combined NMR and MS analysis revealed that roseabol A (1) contained amino acid residues characteristic of the peptaibol family of peptides such as isovaline, α-aminoisobutyric acid, hydroxyproline, leucinol, and an N-terminal isovaleric acid moiety. The amino acid sequence was established by a combination of NMR studies and tandem MS fragmentation analyses, and the absolute configurations of the constituent amino acids of 1 were determined by the advanced Marfey’s method. Compound 2 showed inhibitory activity against Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and difficult-to-treat type of skin cancer, with an IC50 value of 16.5 μM.
Optimization of Tabersonine Methoxylation to Increase Vindoline Precursor Synthesis in Yeast Cell Factories
Authors: Lemos Cruz Pamela , Kulagina Natalja , Guirimand Grégory , De Craene Johan-Owen , Besseau Sébastien , Lanoue Arnaud , Oudin Audrey , Giglioli-Guivarc’h Nathalie , Papon Nicolas , Clastre Marc , Courdavault Vincent
Published: June 2021

Plant specialized metabolites are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine, which both display anticancer activity. Both compounds can be obtained through the chemical condensation of their precursors vindoline and catharanthine extracted from leaves of the Madagascar periwinkle. However, the extensive use of these molecules in chemotherapy increases precursor demand and results in recurrent shortages, explaining why the development of alternative production approaches, such microbial cell factories, is mandatory. In this context, the precursor-directed biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in yeast-expressing heterologous biosynthetic genes is of particular interest but has not reached high production scales to date. To circumvent production bottlenecks, the metabolic flux was channeled towards the MIA of interest by modulating the copy number of the first two genes of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway, namely tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase. Increasing gene copies resulted in an optimized methoxylation of tabersonine and overcame the competition for tabersonine access with the third enzyme of the pathway, tabersonine 3-oxygenase, which exhibits a high substrate promiscuity. Through this approach, we successfully created a yeast strain that produces the fourth biosynthetic intermediate of vindoline without accumulation of other intermediates or undesired side-products. This optimization will probably pave the way towards the future development of yeast cell factories to produce vindoline at an industrial scale.
Microencapsulation Preservation of the Stability and Efficacy of Citrus Grandis Oil-Based Repellent Formulation against Aedes aegypti during Storage
Authors: Misni Norashiqin , Mohamed Nor Zurainee , Ahmad Rohani , Ithnin Nur Raihana , Zasmy Unyah Ngah
Published: June 2021

Essential oils have been widely used as an active ingredient in mosquito repellent products. However, essential oils are highly unstable and prone to degradation when exposed to the environment during storage. Microencapsulation techniques help to maintain the stability of molecules in essential oils that are sensitive to environmental stress, and therefore improve shelf life. In this study, the physical stability and efficacy of a repellent formulation consisting of encapsulated Citrus grandis essential oil (CGEO) were evaluated under different storage conditions over a 12-month period by comparing the formulation with a non-encapsulated formulation. The formulations were both stored under two different storage conditions, i.e., 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5%, for 12 months. Droplet size, zeta potential, and pH value were measured after 1, 6, and 12 months of storage to determine their stability. For the study of efficacy, each formulation was tested against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. We found that the microencapsulated formulation’s physical characteristics showed insignificant changes as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation during storage. The microencapsulated formulation demonstrated better repellent effects, sustaining high protection (>80%) for 4 more hours of exposure after 12 months of storage as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation that demonstrated high protection for only an hour post application. Microencapsulation helped to preserve the stability of the formulation, which resulted in high protection being maintained for over 12 months of storage.
Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone and Easterly Wave Characteristics over Tropical North America
Authors: Dominguez Christian , Done James M. , Bruyère Cindy L.
Published: June 2021

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) and Easterly Waves (EWs) are the most important phenomena in Tropical North America. Thus, examining their future changes is crucial for adaptation and mitigation strategies. The Community Earth System Model drove a three-member regional model multi-physics ensemble under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 emission scenario for creating four future scenarios (2020–2030, 2030–2040, 2050–2060, 2080–2090). These future climate runs were analyzed to determine changes in EW and TC features: rainfall, track density, contribution to seasonal rainfall, and tropical cyclogenesis. Our study reveals that a mean increase of at least 40% in the mean annual TC precipitation is projected over northern Mexico and southwestern USA. Slight positive changes in EW track density are projected southwards 10° N over the North Atlantic Ocean for the 2050–2060 and 2080–2090 periods. Over the Eastern Pacific Ocean, a mean increment in the EW activity is projected westwards across the future decades. Furthermore, a mean reduction by up to 60% of EW rainfall, mainly over the Caribbean region, Gulf of Mexico, and central-southern Mexico, is projected for the future decades. Tropical cyclogenesis over both basins slightly changes in future scenarios (not significant). We concluded that these variations could have significant impacts on regional precipitation.
Percepção e Educação Ambiental com os usuários da Praia de Arpoeiras, Acaraú (CE)
Authors: Silva Adriana Sara da , Dutra Karina Aparecida Araújo , Maia Rafaela Camargo
Published: June 2021

O diagnóstico da percepção e a promoção da Educação Ambiental em zonas praiais são fundamentais diante da relevância desses ambientes. Devido às preocupações com a praia de Arpoeiras, uma área naturalmente frágil, o presente trabalho propôs uma estratégia de Educação Ambiental, a partir do levantamento de dados de moradores, comerciantes e frequentadores. Foi realizada a exposição de cartazes nos estabelecimentos e disponibilização de folders com QR code para os usuários da praia, página nas redes sociais e produção radiofônica. Foi possível notar a carência do público no que diz respeito ao conhecimento da conservação dos recursos naturais para a melhoria tanto do ambiente como para o bem-estar do cidadão.
Análise da praxis pedagógica de Educação Ambiental nas disciplinas Ciências e Geografia, modalidade EJA
Authors: Lins Natana da Silva , Fernandes Nayra Nascimento Bomfim
Published: June 2021

A Educação Ambiental é condição fundamental para a formação do futuro cidadão, cabendo a nós, professores, capacitar os alunos incluindo em nossos planejamentos, conteúdos que abordem problemas e soluções socioambientais. A Educação de Jovens e Adultos é uma modalidade de ensino que se propõe a atender a um público com faixa etária elevada em comparação aos indivíduos matriculados no ensino regular. Partindo-se desta premissa, por meio de metodologias participativas, objetivou-se obter, por meio da produção de documentário e cordel, a práxis pedagógica do ensino de Educação Ambiental, modalidade EJA, nas disciplinas Ciência e Geografia lecionadas na escola municipal Ney Braga, na cidade de Governador Newton Bello - MA.
Uma história que a história não conta: Comunidade do Nativo (ES) e impactos nos alagados da Planície Quaternária do Rio Doce
Authors: Novaes Flora Zauli , Novello Tanise Paula , Teixeira Marcos da Cunha , Prado Gustavo Machado
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho teve como intuito investigar as percepções socioambientais e narrativas de pertencimento dos moradores da Comunidade do Nativo visando construir conhecimentos que subsidiem ações de Educação Ambiental crítica. Utilizou-se o Mapeamento Participativo como estratégia para revelar a dinâmica histórica e espacial do território a partir dos saberes dos moradores. Os resultados situam as mudanças causadas pela drenagem artificial dos alagados na Planície Costeira do Rio Doce como elemento principal analisado sob os pressupostos teóricos da Educação Ambiental Crítica, considerando as articulações entre os conceitos de pertencimento, identidade e Justiça Ambiental, categorizados em três dimensões: território, ambiente e modos de vida.
Vivências socioambientais para a formação continuada de professores
Authors: Buratti Juliana , Fachinetto Juliana Maria , Fernandes Sandra Beatriz Vicenci , Cenci Daniel Rubens , Bianchi Vidica , Schirmer Jorge , Moura Alexandra de
Published: June 2021

A Educação Ambiental, aliada às práticas investigativas, pode ser inserida na formação continuada dos docentes das redes de ensino. O relato apresenta uma reflexão sobre atividades desenvolvidas num programa de formação continuada de professores, a qual oportunizou momentos de discussão e ressignificação das atividades pedagógicas a partir de palestras interativas e práticas com trilha ecológica. Neste sentido, a escola contribui para o enfrentamento do desafio político-ético da Educação Ambiental frente à urgente necessidade de construção de uma sociedade mais justa e ecologicamente equilibrada, alicerçada no conhecimento e no exercício da cidadania que culmina com o cumprimento do acordo global da Agenda 2030.
Qualidade nutricional e sustentabilidade ambiental em cardápio com diferentes fontes proteicas na alimentação escolar do município de Niterói (RJ)
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Cristina de Macena Freitas , Dias Patricia Camacho , Ferreira Daniele Mendonça , Barbosa Roseane Moreira Sampaio , Soares Daniele da Silva Bastos
Published: June 2021

O estudo analisou indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental e qualidade nutricional de cardápios do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar do ensino fundamental do município de Niterói, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2019. Calculou-se a pegada de carbono, pegada hídrica e pegada ecológica dos cardápios com e sem proteína de origem animal. Assim como a energia, os macros e micronutrientes e o Índice de Qualidade da Coordenação de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. O cardápio sem carne ou à base de ovo foram aqueles considerados mais sustentáveis, com impacto ambiental de 3 a 5,5 vezes menor que os demais cardápios e estavam nutricionalmente adequados. O planejamento dos cardápios escolares pode ser uma ferramenta na redução dos impactos ambientais.
Educação Ambiental Crítica: (re)pensar a formação inicial de professores/as
Authors: Lopes Theóffillo da Silva , Abílio Francisco José Pegado
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho objetivou refletir sobre a educação ambiental crítica, repensando os pressupostos e as abordagens que são solícitas na formação inicial de professores/as, tendo como teleologia desse processo a própria emancipação humana. Nesse sentido, o diálogo construído baseia-se nos fundamentos ontológicos do ser social, nas categorias presentes nas discussões ambientais, na dialética e na complexidade da educação ambiental a partir do olhar da transdisciplinaridade e na ideologia e nas práticas pedagógicas presentes na formação docente. Como conclusões, compreende-se que a educação ambiental crítica contribui para emancipação e transformação de ações e concepções dos indivíduos diante de si e do mundo.
O debate como ferramenta para discussão sobre o aquecimento global em sala de aula
Authors: Gimenez Buzo Matheus
Published: June 2021

Foi proposto um debate para alunos do 9º ano de um colégio público do Estado do Paraná. Neste debate, os alunos foram divididos em dois grupos antagônicos, sendo que um deles foi responsável por defender que o aquecimento global é causado pelos humanos e o outro por argumentar que ele possui causas naturais. O debate mostrou uma grande deficiência dos alunos em criar argumentos e contra-argumentos, e destacou a importância de exercitar esse tipo de ação. Porém, essa ferramenta se mostrou efetiva na discussão do tema, visto que os alunos tiveram contato com os dois lados e no fim formularam suas próprias conclusões acerca do tema e ainda foram capazes de propor medidas para a diminuição do aquecimento global.
Coleção didático-científica de lixo no ambiente marinho em Governador Celso Ramos (SC): da montagem à autoavaliação
Authors: Costa Bruna , Widmer Walter Martin
Published: June 2021

O lixo no mar é um problema crescente e mundial, impulsionando debates na busca de soluções. A coleção didático-científica de lixo no mar é uma ferramenta de Educação Ambiental marinho-costeira facilitadora na tratativa e abordagem do tema. Este trabalho relata a experiência de montagem de uma coleção, que ocorreu através da coleta do macrolixo encontrado em praias de Governador Celso Ramos, entre 2019 e 2020. Parcerias viabilizaram a localização física e a operação da coleção, que incluiu uma versão resumida em ambiente on-line, respeitando o distanciamento social exigido pela pandemia Covid-19. Os resultados da autoavaliação foram positivos, viabilizando, assim, uma importante ferramenta dinâmica de divulgação científica e de sensibilização ambiental.
Educação Ambiental e abelhas: o que dizem os livros didáticos de biologia?
Authors: Vieira Maria Mayara , Bendini Juliana , Borges Kairo Michel Lima
Published: June 2021

Objetivou-se analisar a abordagem dos conteúdos referentes à importância das abelhas em livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio. Foram estabelecidos critérios de avaliação quanto aos assuntos considerados relevantes para o entendimento no que concerne à importância desses insetos. Dos 10 livros analisados, 8 abordaram pelo menos um dos critérios de análise. Observou-se que 60% dos livros conceituaram a polinização e 30% destacaram as abelhas como os principais polinizadores. O conteúdo “desaparecimento das abelhas” apareceu em 30% dos livros. É preciso ampliar as discussões sobre a diversidade, importância e as consequências do desaparecimento das abelhas nos livros didáticos de biologia.
A EVOLUÇÃO DO MODELO DE NEGÓCIOS DA NATIVE ORGÂNICOS SOB O PONTO DE VISTA DO PROCESSO DE DIVERSIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Zelati Paolo Edoardo Coti , Meirelles Dimária Silva , de Araújo Davi Lucas Arruda , de Queiroz Mauricio Jucá
Published: June 2021

A marca Native Orgânicos foi lançada em março de 2000 e rapidamente se tornou referência no mercado de orgânicos. Presente em 60 países, em todos os continentes, a empresa dispõe de toda a infraestrutura necessária para atender aos mercados nacional e internacional com produtos orgânicos de qualidade elevada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a evolução do modelo de negócios da marca Native Orgânicos a partir do processo de diversificação. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa com dois colaboradores da Native Orgânicos que atuam diretamente com diversificação e venda de produtos orgânicos. Os dados, obtidos através de entrevistas em profundidade, foram analisados para que se identificassem padrões recorrentes ou pontos comuns nos mesmos. Observou-se que o modelo de negócio da Native evoluiu frente à diversificação de produtos buscando atender as mais específicas demandas do mercado de produtos orgânicos. A marca passou a adquirir o processamento de produtos orgânicos através de uma plataforma própria de administração da produção. A Native conseguiu ampliar a gama de produtos que levam sua marca mantendo (e muitas vezes elevando) o valor percebido pelo consumidor.
Analisis Titik Rawan Kecelakaan di Jalan Kertanegara Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Primasworo Rifky Aldila , Arifianto Andy Kristafi
Published: June 2021

Kertanegara is one of the roads in Malang Regency. The location of Kartanegara Road is considered to be one of the locations prone to accidents due to the lack of traffic infrastructures such as signs and road markings. The road is also an alternative highway that connects Malang Regency to Batu City. The data obtained shows that traffic accidents amounted to 43 of all types of traffic violations from 2016-2018. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, the number of accident victims was 18 accidents, 9 accidents, and 16 accidents. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of Kertanegara road, accident-prone points, and solutions used to reduce the number of accidents. The analytical method used is the analysis of road characteristics, Z-Score, and Cusum analysis. The results obtained that service level of  Kertanegara road is 0.61 where the flow is stable, the traffic density is moderate. Based on the analysis of the determination of accident-prone points, the result of Kartanegara road segment, Malang Regency, has a Z-Score for segment I of 0.25 and segment II of 0.17 which is included in the accident-prone criteria because it has a positive Z-Score. Kartanegara Road has also been identified as a black spot because it has a positive cusum value, including the Cusum segment I values of 7.00 and segment II of 13.3. The solution is to provide a traffic sign in the form of a traffic light at the intersection of Police Karangploso road and the intersection of Sentana road, providing management officer traffic flow in Simpang Nuril road and providing warning signs that are prone to accidents and vehicle speed limit at the Crossroads Kauman I and intersection Nuril road.
Mixed type integro-differential equation with fractional order Caputo operators and spectral parameters
Authors: Yuldashev T.K. , Karimov E.T.
Published: June 2021

The issues of unique solvability of a boundary value problem for a mixed type integro-differential equation with two Caputo time-fractional operators and spectral parameters are considered. A mixed type integro-differential equation is a partial integro-differential equation of fractional order in both positive and negative parts of multidimensional rectangular domain under consideration. The fractional Caputo operator's order is less in the positive part of the domain, than the order of Caputo operator in the negative part of the domain. Using the method of Fourier series, two systems of countable systems of ordinary fractional integro-differential equations with degenerate kernels are obtained. Further, a method of degenerate kernels is used. To determine arbitrary integration constants, a system of algebraic equations is obtained. From this system, regular and irregular values of spectral parameters are calculated. The solution of the problem under consideration is obtained in the form of Fourier series. The unique solvability of the problem for regular values of spectral parameters is proved. To prove the convergence of Fourier series, the properties of the Mittag-Leffler function, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Bessel inequality are used. The continuous dependence of the problem solution on a small parameter for regular values of spectral parameters is also studied. The results are formulated as a theorem.
Literasi Tatakelola BUMDES (Badan Usaha Milik Desa)
Authors: Syam M. Ardiansyah , Suratno Suratno , Djaddang Syahril
Published: June 2021

Abstrak

       Badan Usaha Milik Desa adalah lembaga usaha desa yang dikelola oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah desa dalam upaya memperkuat perekonomian desa dan membangun kemasyarakatan masyarakat yang dibentuk berdasarkan kebutuhan masyarakat desa. Sebagai badan usaha milik umum (milik desa), tata kelola dan akuntabilitas publik juga melekat pada BUMDes. Literasi tata kelola BUMDes tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi pengelola atau pengawas BUMDes, tetapi juga bermanfaat bagi masyarakat desa terkait penggunaan aset desa yang dipisahkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat desa dan memberikan layanan berkualitas kepada masyarakat desa. Melalui tata kelola yang baik, BUMDes diharapkan dapat dikelola secara profesional, mandiri, dan memiliki jaringan yang baik dengan berbagai pihak sehingga dapat terkonsolidasi dan menjadi kekuatan ekonomi pedesaan menuju desa yang mandiri dan mandiri.

Kata Kunci:  audit sektor publik, akuntansi & tata kelola desa, transparansi dan akuntabilitas.

 

Abstract

      Village-owned enterprises are village business institutions that are managed by the community and village government in an effort to strengthen the village economy and build social communities that are formed based on the needs of the village community. As a publicly owned (village-owned) enterprise, public governance and accountability are also inherent in BUMDes. BUMDes governance literacy is not only beneficial for BUMDes managers or supervisors, but also benefits village communities related to the use of separated village assets to meet the needs of village communities and provide quality services to village communities. Through good governance, BUMDes are expected to be managed professionally, independently, and have good networks with various parties so that they can be consolidated and become a rural economic power towards an independent and autonomous village.

Keywords: village owned enterprises, governance, community empowerment, literacy.
Características de un régimen de promoción de exportaciones
Authors: Ramos Tercero Raúl , Zabludowsky Jaime
Published: June 2021

Se describen las principales características del esquema vigente, se señalan sus deficiencias y se propone un régimen alternativo, que podría coexistir con el actual.
Análisis de los efectos del calendario sobre el índice de volúmen de la producción industrial en México
Authors: Guerrero Víctor M.
Published: June 2021

El índice de volumen de la producción industrial (IVPI) es uno de los principales indicadores de la economía del país, ya que refleja el nivel promedio de la actividad mensual lograda por la industria. En realidad el nivel mismo del índice no es relevante, ya que carece de unidades, lo que realmente importa medir son los cambios que se observan de un mes a otro en dicho nivel, es decir, la variación porcentual del índice, que se interpreta como la tasa de crecimiento de la actividad industrial, en buena medida, de toda la actividad económica del país.
Active Temperature compensation for MEMS capacitive sensor
Authors: Do Cuong , Seshia Ashwin A.
Published: June 2021

Temperature variation is one of the most crucial factors that need to be cancelled in MEMS sensors. Many traditional methodologies require an additional circuit to compensate for temperature. This work describes a new active temperature compensation method for MEMS capacitive strain sensor without any additional circuit. The proposed method is based on a complement 2-D capacitive structure design. It consumes zero-power, which is essential toward the realization of a low-power temperature-compensated sensor in battery-powered or energy-harvesting applications
ECS an Endeavor Towards Providing Similar Cache Reliability Behavior in Different Programs
Authors: Ahmadilivani Mohammad Hasan , Moeini Jahromi Mohammad , E. Salehi Mostafa , Kargar Mona
Published: June 2021

The
reliability of embedded processors is one of the major concerns in
safety-critical applications. Reliability is particularly expressed within the
cache memories which are the largest part of new system on chips. Cache
memories are the most vulnerable parts of the embedded systems and can affect
the reliability drastically especially in deep transistor scaling. Therefore,
evaluating the cache vulnerability is crucial in the design of a reliable
system especially for safety-critical applications. It
has been shown that using the same cache sizes for different programs leads to
incompatible vulnerability patterns in them. According to the literature, most
of the related researches, have exploited identical cache sizes for different
programs in their reliability evaluations, while the cache reliability strictly
depends on the cache size and program behavior. Traditional attempts for
finding an appropriate cache size for different programs would need a huge
design space exploration. In this work, we have introduced a criterion for
determining the Effective Cache Size (ECS) for embedded processors which
considers the inherent programs’ reliability and performance properties.
According to the results, using the ECS for the representative benchmark
applications, the reliability would be increased 43x on average with acceptable
performance degradations (21% on average).
Multi-armed Bandit Algorithms on System-on-Chip: Go Frequentist or Bayesian?
Authors: Santosh S. V. Sai , darak sumit
Published: June 2021

Multi-armed Bandit (MAB) algorithms identify the best arm among multiple arms via exploration-exploitation trade-off without prior knowledge of arm statistics. Their usefulness in wireless radio, IoT, and robotics demand deployment on edge devices, and hence, a mapping on system-on-chip (SoC) is desired. Theoretically, the Bayesian approach-based Thompson Sampling (TS) algorithm offers better performance than the frequentist approach-based Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm. However, TS is not synthesizable due to \textit{Beta} function. We address this problem by approximating it via a pseudo-random number generator-based approach and efficiently realize the TS algorithm on Zynq SoC. In practice, the type of arms distribution (e.g., Bernoulli, Gaussian, etc.) is unknown and hence, a single algorithm may not be optimal. We propose a reconfigurable and intelligent MAB (RI-MAB) framework. Here, intelligence enables the identification of appropriate MAB algorithms for a given environment, and reconfigurability allows on-the-fly switching between algorithms on the SoC. This eliminates the need for parallel implementation of algorithms resulting in huge savings in resources and power consumption. We analyze the functional correctness, area, power, and execution time of the proposed and existing architectures for various arm distributions, word-length, and hardware-software co-design approaches. We demonstrate the superiority of the RI-MAB over TS and UCB only architectures.