bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE BROMINATION OF SOME CHOLEST‐5‐EN‐7‐ONES
Authors: SHAFIULLAH KHAN E. A. , OGURA H. , TAKAYANAGI H.
Published: April 2016

Bromierung der Cholestenone (Ia) bis (Ic) liefert die entsprechenden Dibromide (IIa)‐(IIc); in (IIa) sind beide Br‐Atome äquatorial.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON IN SYNTHESIS: USE OF THE HIGHLY NUCLEOPHILIC TRIMETHYLSILYLALLYL ANION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDAL 17‐SPIRO‐Γ‐LACTONES
Authors: EHLINGER E. , MAGNUS P.
Published: April 2016

Trimethylallylsilan (I) reagiert mit sek‐Butyllithium zu einem Anion (IIa), das mit dem Keton (III) das Addukt (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: LANTHIONINE CHEMISTRY. PART 4. SYNTHESIS OF DIASTEREOISOMERIC CYCLOLANTHIONYL L DERIVATIVES
Authors: PHOTAKI I. , SAMOUILIDIS I. , CARANIKAS S. , ZERVAS L.
Published: April 2016

Peptide Lanthionine Chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL SYNTHESIS OF THE OPTICAL PURE PENTAPEPTIDE DERIVATIVE Z‐(L)‐ALA‐(L)‐PHE‐GLY‐(L)‐PHE‐GLY‐OME
Authors: MATONI G. , BERNDT H.
Published: April 2016

Das Pentapeptid (III) läßt sich aus Benzyloxycarbonyl‐(L)‐alani (L)‐phenylalanin‐pentachlorophenylester (I) und dem Trifluoracetylsalz des Glycin‐ (L)‐phenylalanin‐glycin‐methylesters (II) ohne Lösungsmittel darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED HALO KETO NUCLEOSIDES. A NEW ROUTE TO VINYL AND EPIMINO NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: HERSCOVICI J. , ANTONAKIS K.
Published: April 2016

Partielle Benzoylierung des Nucleosids (I) liefert h Mesylierung und anschließende Behandlung mit Nalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. LXXXIV. PURINE CYCLONUCLEOSIDES. XL. L. CYCLONUCLEOSIDES DERIVED FROM 5′‐DEOXYADENOSINE
Authors: IKEHARA M. , MIKI H. , HASEGAWA A.
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg werden die verbrückten Adenosinde?vate (VI), (VII), (X) und (XII) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION REGION AND HIGH IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF GLASSES IN THE SYSTEMS AGX‐AG2O‐P2O5 (X=I, BR, CL)
Authors: MINAMI T. , TANAKA M.
Published: April 2016

Vergleichsuntersuchungen der Glasbildung und der Ionenleitfähigkeiten werden für die Titelsysteme durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND IONIC CONDUCTION OF NEW SULFIDE‐BASED GLASSES
Authors: RIBES M. , RAVAINE D. , SOUQUET J. L. , MAURIN M.
Published: April 2016

Der Glasbildungsbereich der Systeme NaZS‐XS, ( X = Si, Ge) und Na2S‐P2S5 wird bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF ALLOY MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF AN IRON‐10% CHROMIUM ALLOY
Authors: HOSSAIN M. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit der Legierung bei 600°C in Luft nimmt mit dem Kaltverformungsgrad zu.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE CORROSION OF A NICKEL‐CHROMIUM‐ZIRCONIUM ALLOY IN AN OXYGEN‐SULFUR DIOXIDE ENVIRONMENT AND THE MECHANISM OF ACCELERATED ATTACK
Authors: STRAFFORD K. N. , HUNT P. J.
Published: April 2016

Das Korrosionsverhalten von Ni‐15Cr‐1 Zr wird bei 700‐900°C in Sauerstoff‐ Schwefel‐Atmosphäre untersucht und mit dem von Ni‐l 5 Cr verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: GLASS FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF CHALCOGENIDE SYSTEMS. XX. COMPOUNDS OF GE2S3 AND GE2SE3 AND THE COMPARISON WITH OTHER AMORPHOUS AND GLASS‐LIKE INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: FELTZ A.
Published: April 2016

Die Glasbildung in den Systemen Ge‐Sund Ge‐Se ist durch die Bildung von Ge2X6/2‐ Einheiten im Bereich GeX‐Gexz (X = S, Se) gekennzeichnet.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION PROCESSES OF VANADIUM DICHLORIDE OXIDE AND VANADIUM TRICHLORIDE WITH OXYGEN
Authors: YAJIMA A. , MATSUZAKI R. , SAEKI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionsprodukte von VClzO und VCl3 in einem Sauerstoffstrom bei verschiedenen Temp. werden durch chemische und Röntgenanalyse untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM LEAD(II) CHROMATES WITH A HIGHER LEAD CONTENT AND ISO‐STRUCTURAL WITH POTASSIUM LEAD(II) CHROMATE, K2PB(CRO4)2
Authors: FUKASAWA T. , IWATSUKI M.
Published: April 2016

Die neuen stöchiometrischen Chromate (I) und (II) werden durch Fällung aus einer Pb(II)‐acetatlösung nach Zugabe eines kleinen Überschusses an 1.5 M K2CrO4‐ bzw. (NH4),CrO4‐ Lösung hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFONAMIDYLS. 3. ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF NEW ACYCLIC AND CYCLIC SULFONAMIDYL RADICALS
Authors: TEENINGA H. , ZOMER B. , ENGBERTS J. B. F. N.
Published: April 2016

Sulfonamidyl‐Radikale (II) werden photolytisch aus den Bromiden (I) oder mit tert.‐Butoxy‐Radikalen aus (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SENSITIZED (2 + 2) PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF DICHLOROVINYLENE CARBONATE TO PHENANTHRENE
Authors: RIED W. , SCHINZEL H. , SCHMIDT A. H. , SCHUCKMANN W. , FUESS H.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Titelreaktion wird selektiv nur das Produkt (I) isoliert, dessen exo‐Konfiguration durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse (Raumgruppe C2/c, Z=8) bewiesen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFIGURATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (3S,5R)‐3‐METHYL‐5‐(4′‐BIPHENYLYL)‐2,3,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,4‐OXAZIN‐2‐ONE. CONFORMATION IN SOLUTION OF A 4,5‐DEHYDRO ANALOG
Authors: SIKIRICA M. , VICKOVIC I. , CAPLAR V. , SEGA A. , LISINI A. , KAJFEZ F. , SUNJIC V.
Published: April 2016

Eine LIS‐NMR‐Untersuchung der Konformation des 2,3‐Dihydrooxazin‐2‐on‐Derivats.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE FORMATION OF DIBENZOTETRAAZAPENTALENES
Authors: PARK K. T. , LEE C. K. , HAHN C. S.
Published: April 2016

1 u11 Kinetics of the Formation of Dibenzotetraazapentalenes.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE INTRAMOLECULAR 1,1‐CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF NITRILIMINES
Authors: PADWA A. , NAHM S.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Basen und Silberionen erhält man aus Chlorglyoxalat‐hydrazon (I) unter schonenden Bedingungen das kondensierteCyclopropan (II) und weiter über (III) das 1,2‐Benzodiazepin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE AS AN UMPOLUNG REAGENT. IV. SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN THE E ACYLATING NUCLEOPHILE FOR DIRECTING THE 1,2‐/1,4‐ADDITION TO α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES
Authors: HUENIG S. + , WEHNER G.
Published: April 2016

Die nucleophilen Anionen (IV) der Verbindungen (III) (zugänglich aus entsprechenden Aldehyden (I) mit dem Reagenz (II)) greifen Mesityloxid (V) in C‐1‐Position [ ‐ 1,2‐Addukte (VI)] und/oder C‐3‐Position [ ‐ 1,4‐Addukte (VII)] an, wobei in Abhängigkeit vom p‐Substituenten in (IV) die gesamte Skala von 100% (VI) bis 100% (VII) durchlaufen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITIONS TO BENZO(A)PYRENE‐4,5‐OXIDE AND OF ITS ACID‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT
Authors: HYLARIDES M. D. , LYLE T. A. , DAUB G. H. , VANDER JAGT D. L.
Published: April 2016

Über NMR‐Spektren werden nucleophile Additionsreaktionen an dem Benzopyren‐oxid (I) und sei‐ nen deuterierten Analoga untersucht, z.B. mit tert.‐Butylmercaptan (II) zu (III) und (IV) oder zu den Mono‐alkoholen (V) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: RUTHENIUM‐CATALYZED (2 + 2) CROSS‐ADDITION OF NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES AND DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE
Authors: MITSUDO T. , KOKURYO K. , SHINSUGI T. , NAKAGAWA Y. , WATANABE Y. , TAKEGAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Acetylendicarbonester (II) addiert an Norbornen (I) in Gegenwart von Ru‐Katalysatoren wie (XX)‐(XXII) zu dem Addukt (III), das zu (IV) hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE COPE REARRANGEMENT AS THE PRINCIPLE FOR REPEATABLE RING EXPANSIONS
Authors: BRUHN J. , HEIMGARTNER H. , SCHMID H.
Published: April 2016

Vinylierung der ungesättigten β‐Ketoester (I) (Darstellung beschrieben) liefert die Derivate (IIIa) (ein Diastereomeres) bzw. (IIIb)‐(IIIe) (jeweils Diastereomerengemisch (DG)); (IIIb) bis (IIIe) lassen sich in die Sulfoxide (V) (jeweils DG) (daneben die Regioisomeren (VI) (jeweils DG)) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF 1,3‐BUTADIENE‐1,4‐SULTAMS
Authors: FANGHAENEL E. + , DO NASCIMENTO E. A. , RADEGLIA R. , LUTZE G. , BODE B.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) werden durch Singulett‐Sauerstoff zu den Hydroxy‐trioxo‐dihydrothiazinen (II) oxidiert, die mit NEt3 unter SO2‐Extrusion die Hydroxypyrrolinone (V) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 4,6‐DIPHENYL‐2,2‐DIOXO‐1,2,3,5‐OXATHIADIAZINE
Authors: EATON D. F. , SMART B. E.
Published: April 2016

Aus Arylcyaniden (I) und Schwefeltrioxid entstehen die Oxathiadiazindioxide (II), deren Photolyse in Gegenwart von Alkoholen über die Zwischenstufen (III)‐(VI) zum Chinazolinon (VII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF ALLYLIC HYDROXYLATION BY SELENIUM DIOXIDE
Authors: STEPHENSON L. M. , SPETH D. R.
Published: April 2016

Der Ablauf der Hydroxylierung von Olefinen in Allylstellung mit Selendioxid wird unter Verwendung deuterierter Komponenten untersucht, wobei diese z.B. aus Acetaldehyd (VI) und dem Ylid (VII) über (VIII) unter weiterer Reaktion nach bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: ALTERNATIVE FORMATION OF PRODUCTS OF DIRECT OR CINE METHOXYDENITRATION OF 1‐ALKYL‐3,4‐DINITROPYRROLES
Authors: BONACCINA L. , MENCARELLI P. , STEGEL F.
Published: April 2016

Aus den 3,4‐Dinitro‐pyrrolen (I) erhält man mit Methylat die Substitutionsprodukte (II), die mit Säuren zu (III), mit Methylat zu (IV) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF BROMOCYCLOPROPANES AND BROMOARENES BY MEANS OF DIBUTYLCOPPERLITHIUM AND ALKYL HALIDES
Authors: HIYAMA T. , YAMAMOTO H. , NISHIO K. , KITATANI K. , NOZAKI H.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung der Bromcyclopropane (I) mit einem großen Überschuß Dibutyllithiumcuprat (II) in THF bei ‐48°C [(Ic) und (Ig) bei 0 °C] und weitere Reaktion mit Allylbromid (III) bei der selben Temperatur liefert die Allylcyclopropane (IV); neben (IVc) entsteht in 20proz. Ausb. r‐1‐Butyl‐1‐methyl‐trans‐2‐phenyl‐cyclopropan.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF CYCLIC α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES AT THE DOUBLE BOND
Authors: WEBER W. , KRAUS W. , SPITZNER D.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Hexahydroindenon (+)‐(I) und NaH in Glyme erzeugte Dienolat wird bei Siedetemperatur mit Homogeranylbromid (II) in Glyme zu dem Derivat (III) alkyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL ALKYL‐ AND PHENYLTHIOMETHYLATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: SUZUKI K. , SEKIYA M.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Schwefelsäure oder Salzsäure wird das Naphthol (IV) durch Umsetzung mit den Thioethern (I)‐(III) in die Alkyl‐ und Phenyl‐thiomethyl‐Derivate (V) übergefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: RHODIUM‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS TO FORM ISOCYANATES. II. STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION
Authors: UNVERFERTH K. , HOENTSCH R. + , SCHWETLICK K.
Published: April 2016

Aromatische Nitroverbindungen wie Nitromesitylen werden in Gegenwart von Rh‐Carbonylkomplexen wie i Rh2Cl2(CO)4 und Metallhalogeniden der Gruppe VB oder VIB wie MoCl5 in Benzol bei 60‐80°C carbonyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCYANIC ACID. 1. FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF N‐(AMINOMETHYLENE)DIAMINOMALEONITRILE, A HYDROCYANIC ACID PENTAMER AND PRECURSOR TO ADENINE
Authors: SHUMAN R. F. , SHEARIN W. E. , TULL R. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Umwandlung von HCN in Adenin (IV) über die Zwischenstufen wie Diamino‐maleinsäuredinitril (I) etc. wird genauer untersucht und unter spezifischen Bedingungen eine weitere Zwischenstufe (III) hergestellt und unabhängig eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF 3,3‐DICYCLOPROPYLCYCLOPROPENE
Authors: NEFEDOV O. M. , DOLGII I. E. , BULUSHEVA E. V. , SHTEINSHNEIDER A. YA.
Published: April 2016

DibromÜ carben (II), hergestellt durch Einwirkung von Kalium‐tert,‐butylat auf Bromoform, lagert sich bei ‐l 5°C in Pentan an 2,2‐Dicyclopropyl‐ethylen (I) unter Bildung des des 2,2‐Dicyclopropyl‐cyclopropans (III) an.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND SOME REACTIONS OF 2,6,6‐TRIMETHYL‐2‐CYCLOHEXENONE
Authors: BAUMANN M. , HOFFMANN W. , NUERRENBACH A. +
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von Acrolein (V) und Ethylisopropylketon (I) werden zwei Synthesen für die Titelverbindung (VIII) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW α,β‐ENONE → ALKYNONE FRAGMENTATION. SYNTHESIS OF EXALTONE AND (.+‐.)‐MUSCONE
Authors: FEHR C. , OHLOFF G. , BUECHI G. +
Published: April 2016

Aus den Bicycloenonen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) und Tosylhydrazon (II) werden die Hydrazone (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) dargestellt, die beim Behandeln mit Elektrophilen, wie 1,3‐Dibrom‐ Sß‐dimethyl‐hydantoin (DBMH) bzw. NBS, Fragmentierung zu den Alkinonen (IVa) bzw. (IVb) eingehen (neben (IVb) entsteht das Keton (Ib)).
ChemInform Abstract: MACROCYCLES BY OLEFINATION OF DIALDEHYDES WITH 1,3‐BIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHONO)‐2‐PROPANONE
Authors: BUECHI G. + , WUEEST H. +
Published: April 2016

Olefinierung des Dialdehyds (II) mit dem Phosphonopropanon (I) bei 25°C liefert das Monoolefin (III), das beim Erhitzen mit KHCO3/KO‐tBu/ H2O die makrocyclischen Ketone (IV)‐(VI) gibt; wird die Olefinierung unter Rück‐ flußkochen (Methode A)) durchgeführt, so erhält man direkt die Ketone (IV) und (V) in 20‐25proz. Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: HINDERED BIS(CIS‐ALKENYL)DURENE AND BIS(CIS‐ALKENYL)MESITYLENE: PREPARATION BY SELECTIVE PHOTOSENSITIZED ISOMERIZATION AND HINDERED ROTATION BY DYNAMI NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: KINI A. , LIU R. S. H.
Published: April 2016

Durol (I) reagiert nach Friedel‐Crafts mit dem Säurechlorid (II) zu einem Diketon (III), das nach Reduktion über das Diol (IV) zum Dien (V) dehydratisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF β‐AMINO‐α,α‐DIMETHYL‐β‐PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID. THE REACTIONS OF CHIRAL SCHIFF BASES WITH DIMETHYLKETENE AND WITH REFORMATSKY REAGENT
Authors: FURUKAWA M. , OKAWARA T. , NOGUCHI Y. , TERAWAKI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die aus Benzaldehyd (I) und den Aminen (II) hergestellten Schiffschen Basen (III) reagieren mit Dimethylketen (IV) zu den 2:1‐Addukten (V), die nach Hydrolyse und Reduktion die optisch aktive Aminosäure (VII) mit einer optischen Ausbeute von etwa 33 ‐ 35% liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF α,β‐UNSATURATED NITRILES FROM ACETONITRILE AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: SURVEY, CROWN EFFECTS, AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: DIBIASE S. A. , LIPISKO B. A. , HAAG A. , WOLAK R. A. , GOKEL G. W.
Published: April 2016

Oxo‐Verbindungen (I) reagieren mit den Anionen von Acetonitril in (II) über die Addukte (III) zu den substituierten Acetonitrilen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND Π‐ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF 2,5‐BIS(ALKYLAMINO)TEREPHTHALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTERS
Authors: ULBRICHT H. , LOEBER G. + , KITTLER L.
Published: April 2016

Der Dioxocyclohexandiester (I) reagiert mit primären Aminen unter Bildung der Bisalkylaminodihydroterephthalester (II), die zu den Aromaten (III) dehydriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLCARBODIIMIDES. III. PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF (THIOCARBAMOYL)CARBODIIMIDES
Authors: GOERDELER J. , LOSCH R.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Dithiobiureten (I) werden mit Cyansäurechlorid (II) die Carbodiimide (III) gebildet, die z.T. isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITION OF JUGLONE DERIVATIVES. 2. REGIOSPECIFICITY OF REACTIONS LEADING TO TETRACYCLIC ANTHRACYCLINONE SYSTEMS
Authors: BOECKMAN R. K. JUN. , DELTON M. H. , DOLAK T. M. , WATANABE T. , GLICK M. D.
Published: April 2016

In einer ausführlichen Untersuchung werden Diels‐Alder‐Addukte (III) und (IV) aus den Dienen (I) und den Chinonen (II) hergestellt und ihre funktionellen Gruppen ggfs.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CONDENSED POLYCYCLOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM ISOMERIC XYLENES AND METHYLNAPHTHALENES
Authors: SKOROKHODOVA T. S. , IVANOV G. N. , LUK'YANOV V. I. , YUR'EV YU. G. , KAM'YANOV V. F. , MERKUSHEV E. B.
Published: April 2016

Durch eine Anil‐Synthese aus m‐Xylol (I) und Benzalanilin dargestelltes trans,trans‐m‐Distyfylbenzol läßt sich durch Bestrahlung mit Hg‐Licht in Gegenwart von Iod zunächst in das cis,cis‐Isomere (II) und unter Cyclisierung weiter in 5,6‐Benzchrysen (III) überführen; analog erhält man ausgehend von o‐Xylol, 1,5‐Dimethyl, 1‐Methyl‐ bzw. 2‐Methyl‐naphthalin die kondensierten Aromaten (V), (VII), (IX) und (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: REINVESTIGATION OF THE REACTION OF ETHYL ACETOACETATE WITH STYRENE OXIDE
Authors: REITZ D. B.
Published: April 2016

Im Gegensatz zu früheren Angaben führt die Reaktion zwischen Acetessigester (I) und Styroloxid (II) zu den beiden Lactonen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II)‐COPPER(II)‐CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF MONO‐ AND DIALKENYL‐SUBSTITUTED FIVE‐MEMBERED AROMATIC HETEROCYCLES
Authors: MARUYAMA O. , YOSHIDOMI M. , FUJIWARA Y. , TANIGUCHI H.
Published: April 2016

Furan und Thiophen (I) werden mit Acrymitril zu den Nitrilen (III) substituiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH ACETONEDICARBOXYLIC DIANILIDES. I. REACTIONS AT THE CARBONYL GROUP
Authors: ALI M. I. , EL‐MORSY M. M. S.
Published: April 2016

Der Acetondiester (I) wird mit den Aminen (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin zu den Dianiliden (III) umgesetzt, von denen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) mit den Hydrazinen (V) in siedendem Ethanol zu den Hydrazonen (IV) und in siedender Essigsäure zu den Pyrazolinonen (VI) reagieren; beim Erhitzen mit Hydrazinhydrat in Ethanol cyclisieren (IIIa)‐(IIIc) zu den Pyrazolinonen (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF O‐HALOBENZYL CYANIDES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE AND PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
Authors: RUDORF W.‐D. , SCHIERHORN A. , AUGUSTIN M.
Published: April 2016

Die o‐halogenierten Benzylcyanide (II) reagieren mit CS2 in Gegenwart von NaH bei niedriger Temp. zu nicht isolierten Na‐dithiolaten, deren Alkylierung zu den Keten‐S,S‐acetalen (I) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: LACTAMS. XVII. SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIETHYL CIS‐ AND TRANS‐5‐ETHYL‐2‐OXO‐4‐PIPERIDINEMALONATE
Authors: FUJII T. , YOSHIFUJI S. , IKEDA K.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Lactam (I) erhält man mit Natriumborhydrid und Acetanhydrid über das Zwischenprodukt (II) das Michaelsystem (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PROTONIC AND CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIUMS OF 1,3‐DITHIAALKANES AND THEIR CONGENERS IN HIGHLY ACIDIC MEDIA
Authors: LAMBERT J. B. , MAJCHRZAK M. W. , STEC D. III
Published: April 2016

Konformationen und Protonierungsreaktionen werden an verschiedenen Thioethern (I)‐(III) untersucht und auf ähnliche Heterocyclen wie (IV)‐(VI) übertragen.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES. 59. THE REACTIONS OF 2‐CYCLOHEXENONES WITH AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE E AND THIOUREA
Authors: WENDELIN W. , KERN W.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclohexenone (IIa‐c) reagieren mit Ammoniumthiocyanat zu den entsprechenden Cyclohexeniminiumthiocyanaten (Ia‐c) und nicht zu den erwarteten Diazabicyclononanthion‐Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE ELECTROPHILIC REACTIONS ON SUBSTITUTED PURINES. PREDOMINANT INTERMEDIACY OF 6‐ OR 8‐PURINYL CARBANIONS
Authors: LEONARD N. J. , BRYANT J. D.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem 6‐Iod‐9‐tetrahydropyranyl‐purin (I) erhält man mit Butyllithium bei niederer Temperatur und anschließender Behandlung mit Oxo‐Verbindungen die 6‐Addukte (III) neben dem Reduktionsprodukt (IV), während beim Erwärmen eine Umlagerung des Anions und Bildung der 8‐Addukte (V) erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIN CHEMISTRY. 71. SEPARATION OF THE DIASTEREOMERS (6R)‐ AND (6S)‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐L‐NEOPTERIN
Authors: FURRER H.‐J. , BIERI J. H. , VISCONTINI M.
Published: April 2016

Acetylierung von L‐Neopterin (Ia) und Hydrierung des Aoetyl‐ derivats (Ib) liefern die Verbindung (IIa); nachfolgende Acetylierung von (Ib) gibt das N5 ‐Acetylderivat, das durch fraktionierte Kristallisation in die Diastereomeren (IIb) und (IIc) aufgetrennt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO LASIODIPLODIN
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. , ETHEREDGE S. J.
Published: April 2016

Dilithiopropiolat (I) reagiert mit Bromocten (II) zum Substitutionsprodukt (IIIa), dessen Methylester (IIIb) nach Diels‐Alder mit dem Dien (IV) zu (Va) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHAZO‐AMIDE REARRANGEMENT OF IMIDOTHIOPYROPHOSPHATES
Authors: GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , DUDCHENKO T. N. , TUPCHIENKO S. K.
Published: April 2016

Das O,O‐Diethyl‐N‐ phenyl‐N‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐amido‐thionophosphat (IV) läßt sich nach 3 Verfahren darstellen, erstens durch Umsetzung des Amids (I) mit dem Chlorid (II), zweitens aus dem unsymmetrischen Anhydrid (IV) und Phenylazid (V) sowie drittens durch Kochen der Verbindung (VII) mit Schwefel.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOX POTENTIAL‐STRUCTURE RELATIONSHIPS IN
Authors: CHATT J. , LEIGH G. J. , NEUKOMM H. , PICKETT C. J. , STANLEY D. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Komplexe (IIa bzw. b) werden ausgehend von (I) bzw. (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetische und mechanistische Untersuchungen von Übergangsmetallkomplex‐Reaktionen. 4. Mitt. Reaktionen von Komplexliganden. 18. Mitt. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Einschiebung von 1‐(Diethylamino)‐1‐propin in die Metall‐Carbenkohlenstoff‐Bindung von Pentacarbonyl(arylmethoxycarben)chrom(O) und ‐wolfram(O).
Authors: FISCHER H. , DOETZ K. H. +
Published: April 2016

Die Bildung der Diethylamino‐(2‐aryl‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethenyl)‐carben‐W(0)‐ und ‐Cr(0)‐Komplexe (III) durch Einschiebung des Aminopropins (II) in die Carben‐Metall‐Bindung von (I) wird kinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 2‐AZIRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID. II. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF THREONINE O‐PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES VIA (2S,3S)‐3‐METHYL‐2‐AZIRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: TANAKA T. , NAKAJIMA K. , MAEDA T. , NAKAMURA A. , HAYASHI N. , OKAWA K.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung des Aziri‐ din‐peptids (I) mit der Säure (II) liefert das Peptid (III) mit einem O‐Acyl‐threonin‐ Baustein.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE E AND Z ISOMERS OF 9‐(5,6‐DIDEOXY‐β‐D‐ERYTHRO‐HEX‐4‐ENOFURANOSYL)ADENINE
Authors: LERNER L. M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Furanosid (I) erhält man nach Umwandlung in das Iodid (II) über eine Hydrolyse die beiden anomeren Glykoside (III), die zu den Adenyl‐ Derivaten (IV) kondensiert und dann zu den Olefinen (Va) und (Vb) bzw. (VI) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTING OXIDE GLASSES
Authors: CHUNG C. H. , MACKENZIE J. D. , MURAWSKI L.
Published: April 2016

Review: Es wird eine Übersicht über die spezifische Leitfähigkeit und die Aktivierungsenergie der Leitfähigkeit von Oxidgläsern mit einem Gehalt von mehr als ein paar Prozent an Übergangsmetallionen N1 Co) gegeben . Der Mechanismus der Elektronenleitung (V, Fe, Ti, Mo, W, Cu, Mn, ′, beruht auf einer Ladungsübertragung zwischen den Ionen mit verschiedener Wertigkeit.
Mass and heat transfer behaviour of catalytic and electrochemical stirred tank reactors employing metallic screens lining as a reaction surface
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Fouad Yasmine O. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed H. , Konsowa Abdelaziz H. , Sedahmed Gomaa H.
Published: April 2016

Liquid‐solid mass transfer behaviour of a rectangular stirred tank reactor lined with single screens and stacks of closely packed screens was studied in relation to catalytic and electrochemical reactor design by the electrochemical technique. Variables studied were impeller rotation speed, mesh number, and wire diameter of the screen, as well as physical properties of the solution, number of screens per stack, and impeller geometry. The rate of mass transfer increased with increasing impeller rotation speed and decreased with increasing screen mesh number and number of screens per stack. Radial flow turbine impellers produced higher rates of mass transfer than axial flow impellers. The data were correlated by dimensionless mass transfer equations. A comparison between the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at a stirred single‐screen electrode and at a stirred flat plate electrode shows that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the single screen is higher than that at the flat plate by a factor ranging from 7.3–22.5, depending on the operating conditions. For screen stacks, the ratio between the stack volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the flat plate value ranges from 2–46 depending on the operating conditions.

The importance of the present results in the design and operation of catalytic and electrochemical reactors used to conduct diffusion‐controlled reactions was highlighted. The possibility of using screens as turbulence promoters to enhance the rate of heat transfer between the reactor wall and the surrounding cooling jacket was noted.
Glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland revisited: 2005 to 2009
Authors: Gramatzki Dorothee , Dehler Silvia , Rushing Elisabeth Jane , Zaugg Kathrin , Hofer Silvia , Yonekawa Yasuhiro , Bertalanffy Helmut , Valavanis Anton , Korol Dimitri , Rohrmann Sabine , Pless Miklos , Oberle Joachim , Roth Patrick , Ohgaki Hiroko , Weller Michael
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

A population‐based analysis of patients with glioma diagnosed between 1980 and 1994 in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland confirmed the overall poor prognosis of glioblastoma. To explore changes in outcome, registry data were reevaluated for patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2009.

METHODS

Patients with glioblastoma who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 were identified by the Zurich and Zug Cancer Registry. The prognostic significance of epidemiological and clinical data, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)R132H mutation status, and O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

A total of 264 patients with glioblastoma were identified, for an annual incidence of 3.9 compared with the previous incidence of 3.7. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 59.5 years in the current cohort compared with 61.3 years previously. The overall survival (OS) rate was 46.4% at 1 year, 22.5% at 2 years, and 14.4% at 3 years in the current study compared with 17.7% at 1 year, 3.3% at 2 years, and 1.2% at 3 years as reported previously. The median OS for all patients with glioblastoma was 11.5 months compared with 4.9 months in the former patient population. The median OS was 1.9 months for best supportive care, 6.2 months for radiotherapy alone, 6.7 months for temozolomide alone, and 17.0 months for radiotherapy plus temozolomide. Multivariate analysis revealed age, Karnofsky performance score, extent of tumor resection, first‐line treatment, year of diagnosis, and MGMT promoter methylation status were associated with survival in patients with IDH1R132H‐nonmutant glioblastoma.

CONCLUSIONS

The OS of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland markedly improved from 1980 through 1994 to 2005 through 2009. Cancer 2016;122:2206–15. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The role of chronic and episodic disturbances on channel–hillslope coupling: the persistence and legacy of extreme floods
Authors: Dethier Evan , Magilligan Francis J. , Renshaw Carl E. , Nislow Keith H.
Published: April 2016

Landscape form represents the cumulative effects of de‐stabilizing events relative to recovery processes. Most geomorphic research has focused on the role of episodic rare events on landscape form with less attention paid to the role and persistence of chronic inputs. To better establish the interplay between chronic and episodic extreme events at regional scales, we used aerial photography and post‐flood sediment sampling to assess stream and hillslope response and recovery to a 100–300 yr. flood caused by Tropical Storm Irene in New England. Within a 14 000 km2 study area, analysis of aerial photographs indicated that the storm initiated (n = 534) and reactivated (n = 460) a large number of landslides. These landslides dramatically increased overall estimates of regional erosion rates (from 0.0023 mm/yr. without Irene to 0.0072 mm/yr. with Irene). Similarly, Irene‐generated LWD inputs of 0.25–0.5 trees/km exceeded annual background rates in a single event, and these concentrated inputs (101–102 of trees/landslide) are likely to result in large jams and snags that are particularly persistent and geomorphically effective. Finally, we found that landslide scars continue to provide elevated sediment inputs years after the event, as evidenced by sustained higher suspended sediment concentrations in streams with Irene‐generated landslides. Overall, our results indicate that infrequent, high‐magnitude events have a more important geomorphic role in tectonically stable, more moderate‐relief systems than has been previously recognized. Understanding the role of these events has particular relevance in regions such as New England, where the frequency and magnitude of extreme storms is expected to increase. Further, these effects may force reconsideration of conservation and restoration targets (for example in channel form and large wood loading and distribution) in fluvial systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic Perspective Needed in T&D Asset Management
Authors: Rich Jonathan , Sudarshan Pallav , Bertrand Leonard
Published: April 2016

At an increasing pace, power system outages are destroying billions of dollars in value every year. The United States endures more blackouts than any other developed nation, with the number of incidents and hours of outage increasing steadily for the past few decades.
Improving Gas Load Forecasts With Big Data
Authors: Xie Jingrui , Hong Tao
Published: April 2016

The recent advancement in computing, networking, and sensor technologies has brought a massive amount of data to the business world.
Using geophysical surveys to test tracer‐based storage estimates in headwater catchments
Authors: Soulsby C. , Bradford J. , Dick J. , McNamara J. P. , Geris J. , Lessels J. , Blumstock M. , Tetzlaff D.
Published: April 2016

Hydrogeophysical surveys were carried out in a 3.2 km2 Scottish catchment where previous isotope studies inferred significant groundwater storage that makes important contributions to streamflow. We used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to characterize the architecture of glacial drifts and make an approximation of catchment‐scale storage. Four ERT lines (360–535 m in length) revealed extensive 5–10 m deep drift cover on steeper slopes, which extends up to 20–40 m in valley bottom areas. Assuming low clay fractions, we interpret variable resistivity as correlating with variations in porosity and water content. Using Archie's Law as a first approximation, we compute likely bounds for storage along the ERT transects. Areas of highest groundwater storage occur in valley bottom peat soils (up to 4 m deep) and underlying drift where up to 10 000 mm of precipitation equivalent may be stored. This is consistent with groundwater levels which indicate saturation to within 0.2 m of the surface. However, significant slow groundwater flow paths occur in the shallower drifts on steeper hillslopes, where point storage varies between ~1000 mm–5000 mm. These fluxes maintain saturated conditions in the valley bottom and are recharged from drift‐free areas on the catchment interfluves. The surveys indicate that catchment scale storage is >2000 mm which is consistent with tracer‐based estimates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causes and outcomes of emergency presentation of rectal cancer
Authors: Comber Harry , Sharp Linda , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , Haase Trutz , Johnson Howard , Pratschke Jonathan
Published: April 2016

Emergency presentation of rectal cancer carries a relatively poor prognosis, but the roles and interactions of causative factors remain unclear. We describe an innovative statistical approach which distinguishes between direct and indirect effects of a number of contextual, patient and tumour factors on emergency presentation and outcome of rectal cancer. All patients diagnosed with rectal cancer in Ireland 2004–2008 were included. Registry information, linked to hospital discharge data, provided data on patient demographics, comorbidity and health insurance; population density and deprivation of area of residence; tumour type, site, grade and stage; treatment type and optimality; and emergency presentation and hospital caseload. Data were modelled using a structural equation model with a discrete‐time survival outcome, allowing us to estimate direct and mediated effects of the above factors on hazard, and their inter‐relationships. Two thousand seven hundred and fifty patients were included in the analysis. Around 12% had emergency presentations, which increased hazard by 80%. Affluence, private patient status and being married reduced hazard indirectly by reducing emergency presentation. Older patients had more emergency presentations, while married patients, private patients or those living in less deprived areas had fewer than expected. Patients presenting as an emergency were less likely to receive optimal treatment or to have this in a high caseload hospital. Apart from stage, emergency admission was the strongest determinant of poor survival. The factors contributing to emergency admission in this study are similar to those associated with diagnostic delay. The socio‐economic gradient found suggests that patient education and earlier access to endoscopic investigation for public patients could reduce emergency presentation.
Development of Agricultural Non‐Point Source Pollution Reduction Measures in Korea
Authors: Cho Moonsoo , Jang Taeil , Jang Jeong Ryeol , Yoon Chun Gyeong
Published: April 2016

The dramatic increase of non‐point source (NPS) pollutant loads in total pollutant loads necessitates urgent countermeasures against NPS pollution reduction. Point source treatment technology and measures for systematic agricultural NPS pollution reduction are needed, because agricultural NPS pollutants have been shown to have a stronger effect than other sources in the Saemangeum River Basin. Therefore, the present study, initiated in 2010 (a 7‐year project), focuses on the development of agricultural NPS pollution reduction measures in the Saemangeum River Basin.

Farmers and residents still appear to have a very low awareness of agricultural NPS pollution in South Korea. Genuinely critical factors in reducing agricultural NPS pollution are efforts to develop best management practices (BMPs) that reduce NPS pollution and dissemination of the BMPs among residents, including farmers, so that the BMPs can be implemented. The tested BMPs showed a reduction effect of agricultural NPS pollution from paddy and upland areas. However, long‐term research results are needed to evaluate this effect, because no economic benefits through the BMPs application were observed. Based on the results of the present study, BMP manuals and environmental education teaching materials have been developed for the farmers. In addition, systematization of support for dissemination of BMP and participation of farmers has been promoted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reliability and Validity of Peer Review of Writing in High SchoolAP English Classes
Authors: Schunn Christian , Godley Amanda , DeMartino Sara
Published: April 2016

One approach to writing instruction that has been shown to improve secondary students' academic writing without increasing demands on teachers' time is peer review. However, many teachers and students worry that students' feedback and assessment of their peers' writing is less accurate than teachers'. This study investigated whether Advanced Placement (AP) English students from diverse high school contexts can accurately assess their peers' writing if given a clear rubric. The authors first explain the construction of the rubric, a student‐friendly version of the College Board's scoring guide. They then examine the reliability and validity of the students' assessments by comparing them with their teachers' and trainedAPscorers' assessments. The study found that students' assessments were more valid than the ones provided by a single teacher and just as valid as the ones provided by expertAPscorers. Students' and teachers' perceptions of the peer review process are also discussed.
Chemico‐mechanical imaging of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Palombo Francesca , Madami Marco , Fioretto Daniele , Nallala Jayakrupakar , Barr Hugh , David Antoine , Stone Nick
Published: April 2016

Barrett's oesophagus is a condition characterized by a change in the lining of the oesophagus that markedly increases the risk of adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate the first site‐matched application of Brillouin microscopy, Raman microscopy and FTIR micro‐spectroscopic imaging to ex‐vivo epithelial tissue – Barrett's oesophagus. The mechanical and chemical characters of the epithelium were assessed in histological sections from a patient subjected to endoscopic oesophageal biopsy. Previous studies have shown that both these properties change within the oesophageal wall, owing to the presence of distinct cellular and extracellular constituents which are putatively affected by oesophageal cancer. Brillouin microscopy enables maps of elasticity of the epithelium to be obtained, whilst Raman and FTIR imaging provide ’chemical images' without the need for labelling or staining. This site‐matched approach provides a valuable platform for investigating the structure, biomechanics and composition of complex heterogeneous systems. A combined Brillouin‐Raman device has potential for in‐vivo diagnosis of pathology.

First application of site‐matched micro Brillouin, Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging to epithelial tissue in Barrett's oesophagus

magnified image

First application of site‐matched micro Brillouin, Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging to epithelial tissue in Barrett's oesophagus
Bioactive vapor deposited calcium‐phosphate silica sol–gel particles for directing osteoblast behavior
Authors: Snyder Katherine L. , Holmes Hallie R. , McCarthy Connor , Rajachar Rupak M.
Published: April 2016

Silica‐based materials are being developed and used for a variety of applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. In this work, we characterize the ability of a novel silica sol vapor deposition system to quickly modify biomaterial substrates and modulate surface hydrophobicity, surface topography, and composition. We were able to show that surface hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and composition could be rapidly modified. The compositional modification was directed towards generating apatitic‐like surface mineral compositions (Ca/P ratios ∼1.30). Modified substrates were also capable of altering cell proliferation and differentiation behavior of preosteoblasts (MC3T3) and showed potential once optimized to provide a simple means to generate osteo‐conductive substrates for tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2135–2148, 2016.
Augmenting the bioactivity of polyetheretherketone using a novel accelerated neutral atom beam technique
Authors: Ajami S. , Coathup M. J. , Khoury J. , Blunn G. W.
Published: April 2016

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative to metallic implants in orthopedic applications; however, PEEK is bioinert and does not osteointegrate. In this study, an accelerated neutral atom beam technique (ANAB) was employed to improve the bioactivity of PEEK. The aim was to investigate the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human osteoblasts (hOB), and skin fibroblasts (BR3G) on PEEK and ANAB PEEK.

Methods

The surface roughness and contact angle of PEEK and ANAB PEEK was measured. Cell metabolic activity, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured and cell attachment was determined by quantifying adhesion plaques with cells.

Results

ANAB treatment increased the surface hydrophilicity [91.74 ± 4.80° (PEEK) vs. 74.82 ± 2.70° (ANAB PEEK), p < 0.001] but did not alter the surface roughness. Metabolic activity and proliferation for all cell types significantly increased on ANAB PEEK compared to PEEK (p < 0.05). Significantly increased cell attachment was measured on ANAB PEEK surfaces. MSCs seeded on ANAB PEEK in the presence of osteogenic media, expressed increased levels of ALP compared to untreated PEEK (p < 0.05)

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that ANAB treatment increased the cell attachment, metabolic activity, and proliferation on PEEK. ANAB treatment may improve the osteointegration of PEEK implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1438–1446, 2017.
Chemistry‐driven structural alterations in short‐term retrieved ceramic‐on‐metal hip implants: Evidence for in vivo incompatibility between ceramic and metal counterparts
Authors: Zhu Wenliang , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Boffelli Marco , Chotanaphuti Thanainit , Khuangsirikul Saradej , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: April 2016

Ceramic‐on‐metal (CoM) hip implants were reported to experience lower wear rates in vitro as compared to metal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings, thus hinting metal‐ion release at lower levels in vivo. In this article, we show a spectroscopic study of two short‐term retrieval cases of zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) femoral heads belonging to CoM hip prostheses, which instead showed poor wear performances in vivo. Metal contamination and abnormally high fractions of tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic (t→m) polymorphic transformation of the zirconia phase could be found on both ZTA heads, which contrasted with the optimistic predictions of in vitro experiments. At the molecular scale, incorporation of metal ions into the ceramic lattices could be recognized as due to frictionally assisted phenomena occurring at the ceramic surface. Driven by abnormal friction, diffusion of metal ions induced lattice shrinkage in the zirconia phases, while residual stress fields became stored at the surface of the femoral head. Diffusional alterations destabilized the chemistry of the ceramic surface and resulted in an abnormal increase in t→m phase transformation in vivo. Frictionally driven metal transfer to the ceramic lattice thus hinders the in vivo performance of CoM prostheses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1469–1480, 2017.
Setup of a Protocol of Molecular Diagnosis of β‐Thalassemia Mutations in Tunisia using Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC)
Authors: Sahli Chaima Abdelhafidh , Ben Salem Ikbel , Jouini Latifa , Laouini Naouel , Dabboubi Rym , Hadj Fredj Sondes , Siala Hajer , Othmeni Rym , Dakhlaoui Boutheina , Fattoum Slaheddine , Bibi Amina , Messaoud Taieb
Published: April 2016

Backgrounds

β‐Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent worldwide autosomal recessive disorders. It presents a great molecular heterogeneity resulting from more than 200 causative mutations in the β‐globin gene. In Tunisia, β‐thalassemia represents the most prevalent monogenic hemoglobin disorder with 2.21% of carriers. Efficient and reliable mutation‐screening methods are essential in order to establish appropriate prevention programs for at risk couples. The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient method based on the denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) in which the whole β‐globin gene (HBB) is screened for mutations covering about 90% of the spectrum.

Methods

We have performed the validation of a DHPLC assay for direct genotyping of 11 known β‐thalassemia mutations in the Tunisian population.

Results

DHPLC assay was established based on the analysis of 62 archival β‐thalassemia samples previously genotyped then validated with full concordance on 50 tests with blind randomized samples previously genotyped with DNA sequencing and with 96% of consistency on 40 samples as a prospective study.

Conclusion

Compared to other genotyping techniques, the DHPLC method can meet the requirements of direct genotyping of known β‐thalassemia mutations in Tunisia and to be applied as a powerful tool for the genetic screening of prenatal and postnatal individuals.
Visualizing subsurface defects in graphite by acoustic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wang Tian , Ma Chengfu , Hu Wei , Chen Yuhang , Chu Jiaru
Published: April 2016

We describe a versatile platform, which combines atomic force acoustic microscopy, ultrasonic atomic force microscopy and heterodyne force microscopy. The AFM system can enable in‐situ switching among these operation modes flexibly and thus benefit the discrimination of differences in mechanical properties and buried subsurface nanostructures. We demonstrate the potential of this platform for visualizing the subsurface defects of graphite. Our results show that tiny topographic edges are enhanced in acoustic oscillation signals whilst embedded defects and inhomogeneous in mechanical properties are made clearly distinguishable. The possibility of detecting subsurface defects in few‐layer graphene is further discussed with first‐principles calculations. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:66–74, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Care at the point of impact: Insights into the second‐victim experience
Authors: Scott Susan D. , McCoig Myra M.
Published: April 2016

As risk managers, there is an understanding of the tremendous pressures of working in today's health care setting. When medical errors or unanticipated complications occur, these stressors skyrocket. The purpose of this article is to provide insights from the collective 9 years of MUHC research exploring the second‐victim phenomenon and insights into the healing process for second victims of unanticipated health care events—our health care providers.
Coping with Guilt: The Roles of Rumination and Positive Reappraisal in the Effects of Postconsumption Guilt
Authors: Saintives Camille , Lunardo Renaud
Published: April 2016

This article investigates how consumers regulate their postconsumption guilt and rumination through positive reappraisal and the effects of this regulating process on satisfaction. Two studies conducted in different contexts and using different methods show that positive reappraisal increases with rumination and guilt but more strongly when guilt is low (vs. high). Results also reveal the mediating effect of positive reappraisal on the guilt–satisfaction relationship such that people feeling guilty and engaging in positive reappraisal exhibit lower satisfaction with their consumption. Further, this mediating effect is moderated by rumination, such that positive reappraisal mediates the indirect effect of guilt only when rumination is low.
Me, Myself, and Future Generations: The Role of Affinity and Effectiveness in the Creation of Consumer Environmental Stewardship (CENS)
Authors: Hensen Niek , Keeling Debbie I. , de Ruyter Ko , Wetzels Martin
Published: April 2016

Policymakers, consumer advocate groups, and researchers agree that consumers need to increase their proenvironmental behaviors if a decent standard of living is to be ensured for future generations. Despite high levels of environmental concern, consumers still refrain from large‐scale adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. Social marketers agree that a change in attitudes is not enough to stimulate the necessary behavioral change and are looking for ways to help consumers overcome the costs (e.g., price premiums, inconvenience) that are often associated with proenvironmental behaviors. Currently, consumers often see proenvironmental behavior as a trade‐off between short‐term personal benefits and longer term collective benefits. The authors contribute to the social marketing literature on proenvironmental behavior by introducing the concept of Consumer Environmental Stewardship (CENS), which centers on the use of intrinsic motivation to stimulate a personal sense of responsibility for the environment. The findings, based on a survey and three experiments, show that the stimulation of consumers’ affinity with future generations (AFGs) and perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) can help to promote CENS, which in turn raises proenvironmental behaviors. However, this research also shows that increasing levels of AFGs can backfire and result in lower levels of CENS, if consumers experience low levels of PCE.