bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myrtenol‐Loaded Fatty Acid Nanocarriers Protect Rat Brains Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Karimi Afshar Shima , Rostamzadeh Farzaneh , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Mortazavi Moghadam Fatemeh
Published: September 2024

This research investigated the preventive effects of myrtenol (MYR), fatty acid nanocarriers (FANC), and myrtenol‐loaded FANC (MYR + FANC) on neurological disturbance, stroke volume, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the brain with ischemia–reperfusion injuries induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Seventy two Wistar male rats were divided into six main groups. The groups were sham, ischemia–reperfusion group (MACO), MACO‐MYR (50 mg/kg), MACO‐FANC (50 and 100 mg/kg), and MACO‐MYR + FANC (50 mg/kg). Stroke volume, neurological deficit scores, and the brain levels of MDA, SOD, and TNF‐α were examined with TTC staining, observation, and ELISA, respectively. Pretreatment with MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC reduced the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume. MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC pretreatment increased and decreased brain SOD and MDA levels compared to MACO group, respectively. The TNF‐α level decreased in the MYR + FANC group compared to MCAO and MCAO‐MYR groups in the brain. The use of FANC (100 mg/kg), MYR, and MYR + FANC has protective effects against oxidative stress and ischemia–reperfusion injury. FANC probably improve the bioavailability of MYR, as MYR+ FANC had more therapeutic effects on the reduction of ischemia–reperfusion injuries, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Expression of microRNA induced by postoperative delirium‐like behavior is associated with long‐term default mode network disruption: Sequencing and a secondary analysis of resting‐state fMRI data
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Huiru , Fu Huiqun , Nie Binbin , Wang Tianlong
Published: September 2024

Aims

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has been widely used in studying default mode network (DMN) changes in postoperative delirium (POD). Reproducibility and interpretability of the analyzing results remain insufficiently studied.

Methods

Delirium‐like behavior was induced by tibial fixation surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. Firstly, we evaluated delirium‐like behavior and inflammatory responses in hippocampus and systemic level. Then the expressions of microRNA (miRNA) and target gene were sequenced and validated. Afterwards the functional connectivity (FC) in DMN was analyzed. Finally, results were correlated with DMN changes.

Results

POD‐like behavior caused significant changes of miR‐34b‐5p, miR‐328‐5p, and miR‐3505 in miRNA level and Nos1, Tubb3, and Gys1 in the gene level. The FC in left and right hippocampus (L‐Hip and R‐Hip) and right auditory cortex (R‐AC) was found significantly changed. Significant correlations were found in FCL‐Hip/R‐AC and FCR‐Hip/R‐AC for miR‐34b‐5p and miR‐3505, as well as Nos1 and Tubb3. For miR‐328‐5p, no significant correlations were found.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that POD‐like behavior induced significant miRNA and gene expression changes were associated with hippocampus related long‐term FC disruption in DMN. The results increased reproducibility and interpretability for standardized rs‐fMRI data analysis, as well as providing potential targets for postoperative delirium treatment.
Urban geology: a geological saunter through Salford, northwest England
Authors: Donovan S. Kenneth
Published: September 2024

Building stones demand our attention, from the simplest stone hut to the finest palace. Those of Manchester in northwest England have received deserved attention, but those of nearby Salford less so. This short stroll through Salford, close to the city's university, demonstrates some of the geological gems that have hitherto been largely ignored.
Synergistic effects of ZrO2 and La2O3 on the phase stability and optical–electronic properties of Y2O3
Authors: Tripathi Harshit , Sharma Nikhil , Sharma Jagmohan Datt
Published: September 2024

Yttrium oxide has the potential to be used as a host material for creating polycrystalline transparent ceramics (PTCs). This paper presents an experimental study on opto‐electrical properties of using zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide as sintering aids via the co‐precipitation technique. The sintering aids improve the properties, sintering process, and lower the sintering temperature. Five different compositions of were synthesized and they were then used to analyze for their structural, morphological, physio‐chemical, and electrical characteristics. For the system studied, the addition of and does not change the phase of pure , but an increase in the crystal and grain size from to and 10.2 µm to 16.4 µm was noticed. The thermal characterization over thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal calorimetry (TGA/DSC) determines the temperature at which pure undergoes a phase transition, specifically over 700°C. A reduction in the band gap due to strain induced by the dopant resulted in a decrease in energy from to . The dielectric constant of doped with exhibits a significant increase of .
Clinical signature and associated immune metabolism of NLRP1 in pan‐cancer
Authors: Liao Yong , Yang Pinglian , Yang Cui , Zhuang Kai , Fahira Aamir , Wang Jiaojiao , Liu Zhiping , Yan Lin , Huang Zunnan
Published: September 2024

Inflammations have been linked to tumours, suggesting a potential association between NLRP1 and cancer. Nevertheless, a systematic assessment of NLRP1's role across various cancer types currently absent. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was conducted to determine whether NLRP1 exhibits prognostic relevance linked to immune metabolism across various cancers. The study leveraged data from the TCGA and GTEx databases to explore the clinical significance, metabolic features, and immunological characteristics of NLRP1, employing various tools such as R, GEPIA, STRING and TISIDB. NLRP1 exhibited differential expression patterns across various cancers, with elevated expression correlating with a more favourable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Downregulation of NLRP1 reduced tumour metabolic activity in LUAD. Moreover, the mutational signature of NLRP1 was linked to a favourable prognosis. Interestingly, high NLRP1 expression inversely correlated with tumour stemness while positively correlating with tumour immune infiltration in various cancers including LUAD and PAAD. Through extensive big data analysis, we delved into the role of NLRP1 across various tumour types, constructing a comprehensive role map of its involvement in pan‐cancer scenarios. Our findings highlight the potential of NLRP1 as a promising therapeutic target specifically in LUAD and PAAD.
Asymmetric Free Trade Agreements and Misalignment of Incentives: Lessons From the European Union–Turkey Customs Union
Authors: El‐Sahli Zouheir
Published: September 2024

Under the European Union (EU)–Turkey customs union, the EU can negotiate free trade agreements (FTAs) with third countries without Turkey's involvement. Simultaneously, Turkey is required to apply the same external tariffs and standards and negotiate its own FTAs in line with the EU. This leads to asymmetries and misalignment of incentives in Turkey's trade relationships. This study utilizes the peculiar nature of this arrangement to explore the asymmetric FTAs and their effects on Turkey and the Union. We find no effect of asymmetric FTAs on Turkish trade. This finding can be explained partially by evidence that Turkish compliance with EU tariffs is low for asymmetric FTAs. This is especially the case for the goods category in which Turkey specializes, and the divergence extends to at least 10 years after the EU signs an asymmetric FTA. As customs unions require that external trade policy be symmetric across all members for them to function optimally, this divergence in tariffs between Turkey and the EU needs to be addressed by removing the misalignment of incentives.
Rodent model of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Shan , Li Hong‐Zheng , Li Liang , Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Gao Jia‐Ming , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Hui‐Yu , Hao Wei , Fu Jian‐Hua , Guo Hao
Published: September 2024

Although significant progress has been made in developing preclinical models for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), few have encapsulated the essential biological and clinical outcome elements reflective of the human condition. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of English‐language original research articles published from 1990 to 2023, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, aiming to collate studies that provided a comparative analysis of physiological, metabolic, and hepatic histological characteristics between MASLD models and control groups. The establishment of a robust metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver rodent model hinges on various factors, including animal species and strains, sex, induction agents and methodologies, and the duration of induction. Through this review, we aim to guide researchers in selecting suitable induction methods and animal species for constructing preclinical models aligned with their specific research objectives and laboratory conditions. Future studies should strive to develop simple, reliable, and reproducible models, considering the model's sensitivity to factors such as light–dark cycles, housing conditions, and environmental temperature. Additionally, the potential of diverse in vitro models, including 3D models and liver organ technology, warrants further exploration as valuable tools for unraveling the cellular mechanisms underlying fatty liver disease.
Flexural strength, fracture toughness, translucency, stain resistance, and water sorption of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional denture base materials
Authors: Lawson Nathaniel C. , Safadi Yamen , Alford Aaron , Aggarwal Himanshi , Bora Pranit V. , Lawson Thomas J. , Givan Daniel A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To compare mechanical, optical, and physical properties of denture base materials fabricated with various 3D printing systems to reference milled and conventionally heat‐processed denture base materials.

Materials and Methods

Specimens of denture base materials were either 3D‐printed (DLP in‐office printer, CLIP laboratory printer, or material jetting laboratory printer), milled, or heat processed. 3‐point bend flexural strength testing was performed after 50 hours of water storage following 1hour of drying (dry testing) or in 37°C water (wet testing). Fracture toughness was performed with a notched beam specimen after 7 days of water storage and tested dry. The translucency parameter was measured with 2 mm thick specimens. Stain resistance was measured as color change following 14 days of storage in 37°C coffee. Water sorption was measured following 7 days of storage in 37°C distilled water.

Results

For dry testing, all but one of the 3D‐printed materials attained higher or equivalent flexural strength as the reference materials. For wet testing, all 3D‐printed materials attained higher or equivalent strength as the reference materials and dry‐tested materials. For 3D‐printed materials, wet testing increased displacement before fracture whereas it decreased displacement for the reference materials. Only two of the 3D‐printed materials had similar fracture toughness as the reference materials. One of the 3D‐printed materials was more translucent and one was more opaque than the reference materials. Only one of the 3D‐printed materials absorbed more water than the reference materials.

Conclusion

3D‐printed denture base materials have mostly equivalent mechanical, optical, and physical properties to conventional and milled denture base materials.
Reinforcement of 3D‐printed resins for denture base by adding aramid fibers: Effect on mechanical, surface, and optical properties
Authors: Morel Laura Lourenço , Almeida Marcus Vinícius Rocha de , Santos Karoline Moraes dos , Praseres Maryana Fernandes , Gonçalves Girundi Ana Luíza , Alexandrino Larissa Dolfini , Silva Wander José da
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The present study evaluated the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of 3D‐printed resins for removable prostheses reinforced by the addition of aramid fibers.

Materials and Methods

According to ISO 20795‐1:2013 standards, specimens were printed using a digital light processing 3D printer and divided into two groups (n = 06/group): 3D‐printed resin for denture base as the control group, and a group with the same 3D‐printed resin in addition of 5% aramid fibers as the experimental group. Red aramid fibers were chosen for aesthetic characterization. The specimens were evaluated for their mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus (GPa), flexural strength (MPa), and superficial properties by their surface microhardness (KHN), surface roughness (μm), and surface free energy (mJ/m2). Optical properties were evaluated by the color difference (∆E00) between groups. The statistical test chosen after the exploratory analysis of the data was One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).

Results

The results showed statistical differences in elastic modulus (p < 0.0001), flexural strength (p < 0.0001), surface free energy polar variable (p = 0.0322), total surface free energy (p = 0.0344), with higher values for the experimental. Surface hardness and surface roughness showed no statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05). The color difference (∆E00) obtained through the CIEDE2000 calculus was below the perceptibility threshold (≤1.1).

Conclusion

Adding aramid fibers to 3D‐printed resin for denture bases resulted in better mechanical properties, without major alterations in surface properties. In addition, it is an easy‐to‐apply choice for mechanical reinforcement and aesthetic characterization, with the expression of small blood vessels in the 3D‐printed resin for removable denture bases.
Will the Dark Triad Engender Psychopathological Symptoms or Vice Versa? A Three‐Wave Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: Wei Mengpei , Li Jingguang , Wang Xingbo , Su Zhenglian , Luo Yu L. L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The Dark Triad (DT), including narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, represents the dark side of human nature and has been related to psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). However, little is known about how the two constructs are related longitudinally. To fill this gap and to clarify the directionality between them, we conducted a longitudinal study.

Methods

We measured DT traits and psychopathological symptoms in a large sample of university students (NT1 = 1815) annually for 3 years. We implemented random intercept cross‐lagged panel models in analysis.

Results

Narcissism and psychopathological symptoms showed a reciprocal relationship at the within‐person level: greater narcissism preceded a decline in psychopathological symptoms, while more severe symptoms preceded a decrease in narcissism. Within the same individual, increases in the DT, particularly psychopathy and Machiavellianism, were linked to concurrent escalations in the symptoms. Additionally, all DT traits were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms as stable differences between individuals.

Conclusions

This study constitutes an important step in clarifying the directionality between the DT and psychopathological symptoms, and advances our understanding of the interplay between these two constructs at both the between‐person and within‐person levels.
Connect or detach: A transformative experience for medical students in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Lima , Sacardo Daniele , Drzazga Grazyna , de Carvalho‐Filho Marco Antonio
Published: September 2024

Context

At the beginning of clinical practice, medical students face complex end‐of‐life (EoL) decisions, such as limiting life‐sustaining therapies, which may precipitate emotionally charged moral dilemmas. Previous research shows these dilemmas may cause identity dissonance and impact students' personal and professional development. Despite the prevalence of such dilemmas, medical educators have limited insight into how students navigate these often emotional experiences. This study explores how medical students make sense of and deal with moral dilemmas lived during EoL's care.

Methods

This cross‐sectional qualitative study used thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke) to analyse interviews with 11 Brazilian final‐year medical students. The interviews followed the drawing of a rich picture representing moral dilemmas experienced by medical students when engaging with EoL care. The reporting of this study follows the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).

Results

Participants highlighted four main themes when engaging with EoL care: ‘experiencing death’, ‘making decisions at the end‐of‐life’, ‘connecting versus detaching: an upsetting dilemma’ and ‘being transformed’. They described the emotional overwhelm of experiencing death and the uncertainty in navigating EoL decisions. The central moral dilemma faced was whether to connect with or detach from patients. This dilemma was lived in the context of a hidden curriculum that preaches emotional distancing as a coping mechanism. Developing the moral courage to overcome this barrier and choosing to connect became a transformative experience, significantly impacting their personal and professional development and reinforcing their commitment to patient‐centred care.

Conclusion

Connecting with patients in EoL care involves breaking cultural norms to establish meaningful connections with patients aiming for compassionate care. This process may lead to identity dissonance and also represents an opportunity for transformative learning. Educators can support this transformative process by legitimating students' connections with patients, teaching emotional regulation strategies, and leveraging personal experiences to foster trust.
Effects of Project‐Based Learning on Entrepreneurship Skills and Characteristics of Nursing Students
Authors: Chularee Saranya , Tapin Jintana , Chainok Lakkhana , Chiaranai Chantira
Published: September 2024

Entrepreneurship is pivotal globally, reflecting a nation's potential. Effective education management is crucial for fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in nursing students. This cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental study, using a one‐group pretest‐posttest design, examines the impact of project‐based learning on nursing students' entrepreneurial skills at the Institute of Nursing, Suranaree University of Technology. The sample included 59 fourth‐year nursing students from the third semester of the 2022 academic year. A validated proactive teaching and learning management plan based on project‐based learning was used. Research instruments were entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurial characteristics assessment forms, with reliability coefficients of 0.71 and 0.83, respectively. Data collection spanned 6 weeks, analyzed with paired t‐tests and ANCOVA to test mean differences after controlling covariates. Findings showed a statistically significant improvement in entrepreneurial skills and characteristics post‐learning (p < 0.05). ANCOVA results, accounting for baseline scores and GPA, confirmed the project‐based learning intervention's significant and robust impact on entrepreneurial skills and characteristics. Active learning through project‐based approaches significantly enhances entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial characteristics among nursing students, with potential applicability across diverse disciplines.
Seventy‐five years of impactful environmental and occupational health research at the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine at New York University
Authors: Bosland Maarten C. , Gordon Terry , Solomon Jerome J. , Shore Roy E. , Lippmann Morton
Published: September 2024

Founded in 1947 as the Institute of Industrial Medicine, the Nelson Institute and Department of Environmental Medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSOM) was supported by a National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) Center Grant for over 56 years. Nelson Institute researchers generated 75 years of impactful research in environmental and occupational health, radiation effects, toxicology, and cancer. Environmental health research is continuing at NYUGSOM in its departments of medicine and population health. The objective of this historical commentary is to highlight the major achievements of the Nelson Institute and the department in the context of its history at facilities in Sterling Forest, Tuxedo, NY and Manhattan, NY. Aspects of our discussion include leadership, physical facilities, and research in many areas, including air pollution, health effects of environmental radiation exposures, inhalation toxicology methodology, carcinogenesis by chemicals, metals, and hormones, cancer chemoprevention, human microbiome, ecotoxicology, epidemiology, biostatistics, and community health concerns. The research of the institute and department benefited from unique facilities, strong leadership focused on team‐based science, and outstanding investigators, students, and staff. A major lasting contribution has been the training of hundreds of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have been and are training the next generation of environmental and occupational health researchers at various institutions.
Does public officials' risk preference differ in self versus public decision‐making? It depends on decision framing and bet size
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Wen Xin , Mao Hongqin , Xu Ran , Zhang Shuwei
Published: September 2024

Psychological distance theory and social value theory suggest there is a risk difference in self versus other decision‐making. On this basis, this study explores whether public officials' risk preferences differ in self versus public decision‐making. Inspired by prospect theory, the decision framing and bet size are further considered as the decision‐making conditions. Through a survey experiment using Chinese public officials, this study finds that, compared with decision‐making for themselves, public officials have a lower risk preference in decision‐making for the public. In addition, this risk preference difference occurs under the conditions of a gain frame and larger bet size. Conversely, under the condition of a loss frame and smaller bet size, the risk preference difference disappears. This study reveals public officials' risk pattern in self versus public decision‐making, which has significant implications for managing risk in public decision‐making and guiding those officials to make better decisions for the public.
Recognizing Identity Fluidity in Demographic Research
Authors: Saperstein Aliya
Published: September 2024

Standard demographic research has typically constrained the existence of identity fluidity, assuming that demographic categories such as race or ethnicity and sex or gender should be static across the life course and measuring them as such. However, recent research and changes in data collection practices highlight the limitations of this approach by demonstrating fluidity in both racial and gender identities that rivals levels of fluidity in other identity categories, such as sexual orientation, that are more commonly seen as changeable over time. This review examines what is known about current levels of fluidity in gender, sexual orientation, and racial identities as well as known correlates and consequences for research on inequality, based primarily but not exclusively on research conducted in the United States. The implications of fluid identities for data collection and analysis, as well as prospects for future levels of fluidity, are also discussed.
Photobiological response of mast cells to green and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in cutaneous burns
Authors: Gonçalves Rhuan Isllan dos Santos , Neto José de Alencar Fernandes , Pereira Joabe dos Santos , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos
Published: September 2024

This study assessed the effects of red and green LEDs on mast cells (MCs) in third‐degree burns in 75 Wistar rats, divided into control, red LED (RED), and green LED (GREEN) groups. Animals were irradiated daily with RED (630 nm, 300 mW, 0.779 W/cm2, 9 J/cm2, 30 s) and GREEN (520 nm, 180 mW, 0.467 W/cm2, 60 J/cm2, 30 s). Histological sections stained with toluidine blue were analyzed for total and subtype MCs. Standardized MC counting was performed across the viable lesion area, considering lesion margins, through intact connective tissue and the integrity of skin appendages. No statistically significant differences in MCs 2 (with released granules and intact cell border) were found between groups. Irradiated groups showed increased total MCs at 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.05), with a decrease in MCs 1 (intact MCs) at all time points compared to control (p < 0.05). Significant changes in MCs 3 (with massive degranulation and partial or complete disintegration of the cell border) degranulation were noted in RED at 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.009) and in GREEN at 14 (p < 0.009) and 32 days (p < 0.028). Results suggest red and green LEDs modulate MC recruitment and degranulation in third‐degree burns.
Beyond victimhood and perpetration: Reconstruction of the ingroup's historical role in eight Eastern and Western European countries under Nazi occupation
Authors: Kazarovytska Fiona , Imhoff Roland , Hirschberger Gilad
Published: September 2024

The Nazi regime's aggressive expansion across Europe during WWII created a landscape of suffering, resistance, and collaboration. How do lay Europeans today reconstruct their ingroup's roles during Nazi occupation, and how do different role representations relate to defensive responses aimed at protecting the ingroup from threat? We tested two theoretical predictions: Following the identity threat prediction, we expected that denying culpability but endorsing morally favorable group representations (e.g., victim‐heroism) would represent an ingroup‐defensive strategy, correlating with other defensive responses, such as victim‐directed negativity or victim‐blaming. Following the identity management prediction, we expected that precisely accepting culpability and acknowledging threatening representations (e.g., willing collaboration with Germans) would form the basis for a defensive stance and thus correlate with defensive intergroup reactions. Analyzing data from nine European samples spanning eight countries (N = 5474), we found support for the identity management prediction in six contexts: Lay representations as willing collaborators were associated with negative collective emotions and correlated with victim‐directed negativity, whereas victim‐hero representations showed no such connections. The remaining three countries revealed a mixture of the two identity accounts. We discuss implications for understanding historical representations and identity protection in groups that were both victims and perpetrators of massive intergroup atrocities.
A cross‐cultural test of competing hypotheses about system justification using data from 42 nations
Authors: Valdes Evan A. , Liu James H. , Williams Matt , Carr Stuart C.
Published: September 2024

System justification theory (SJT) is a thriving field of research, wherein the primary questions revolve around why individuals and groups are motivated to see the systems they depend on as just, fair, and legitimate. This article seeks to answer how accurate the postulates of SJT are when compared to competing self‐interest claims of social identity and social dominance theory. We addressed the ongoing debates among proponents of each theory by identifying who, when, and why individuals decide to system‐justify. We used data comprised of 24,009 participants nested within 42 countries. Multilevel models largely supported the competing claims of social dominance and social identity theories over SJT. The most robust findings were: (1) greater objective socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with greater system justification; (2) the consistent positive relationship between subjective SES and system justification was partially mediated by life satisfaction; and (3) both ends of the political spectrum were willing to system‐justify more when the political party they favored was in power. The results presented are used to discuss both the current state and the future directions for system justification research.
Harnessing the innovative potential of start‐ups for corporate entrepreneurship in incumbent firms: a study of asymmetric buyer–supplier relationships
Authors: Baumgärtner Laura Doriane , Stoffregen Ronja , Soluk Jonas , Kammerlander Nadine , Gimmy Gregor
Published: September 2024

Corporate entrepreneurship is critical for incumbent firms to ensure continuous organizational renewal. Asymmetric buyer–supplier relationships with start‐ups, known as “venture clienting,” serve as an entrepreneurial process wherein incumbent firms integrate innovative technologies acquired from start‐ups into their processes and products to drive organizational renewal. Prior research, however, lacks insights into how incumbent firms manage these asymmetric buyer–supplier relationships and overcome the challenges that differences in culture, governance structure, and negotiating power pose. We address this gap by drawing on data from 52 semi‐structured interviews with key decision makers in a multi‐case study of six incumbent firms engaging in venture clienting. Based on the results of our cross‐case analysis, we inductively distill three maturity stages of venture clienting within incumbent firms (i.e., initiation, complexification, and pruning) and the triggers for each stage. We also shed light on the dynamic capabilities that firms develop in each maturity stage and outline the enablers that foster their development. Furthermore, we reveal how these dynamic capabilities affect corporate entrepreneurship in the incumbent firm, in terms of opportunity recognition and technology integration success.
Hacia una propuesta analítica para los estudios cinematográficos y audiovisuales. La materialidad agencial en El botón de nácar de Patricio Guzmán
Authors: Alcaíno Monsalves Camila
Published: September 2024

Estamos en un contexto en crisis en el que mover el marco epistemológico desde una perspectiva antropocéntrica hacia la integración de actores no humanos y materialidades, reconociéndoles capacidad de agencia, se vuelve necesario para problematizar el cómo conocemos y proponer nuevas vías de habitar un planeta en crisis. En este artículo se propone una primera aproximación teórica y metodológica para estudiar la materialidad agencial en la imagen audiovisual, analizando el documental El botón de nácar, de Patricio Guzmán, desde la perspectiva sociomaterial, para identificar a los diversos actores que se despliegan allí y comenzar así a dar el paso de escuchar a otros actores que en la historia de la humanidad hemos considerado como inanimados y alejados de la vitalidad humana.
A (re)configuração do comércio informal em uma cidade média: a feira do Aprazível em Sobral/CE
Authors: Martins Parente Analine Maria , Augusto Silgueiro dos Santos Felipe César
Published: September 2024

A importância que as análises referentes às dinâmicas urbanas das cidades médias ganharam é resultado da intensidade das relações estabelecidas nelas no contexto econômico da região em que fazem parte. Esta afirmação decorre principalmente por conta da (re)configuração comercial que as cidades médias passam para se encaixar em uma estrutura comercial que acompanhe as transformações locais, regionais, nacionais ou internacionais. É o que indicamos com a Feira do Aprazível, localizada no distrito de Aprazível em Sobral/CE. Para esta análise, foi fundamental reunir um arcabouço teórico e metodológico que permitisse reflexionarmos sobre como a estruturação de setores comerciais e de serviços possuem um significativo impacto nas dinâmicas locais e regionais. Foi possível identificar como a feira se tornou significativa não somente para o distrito de Aprazível, mas também para a cidade de Sobral/CE, que se beneficiou com as transformações urbano-comerciais apresentadas.
Muscle-controlled physics simulations of bird locomotion resolve the grounded running paradox
Authors: van Bijlert Pasha A. , van Soest A. J. , Schulp Anne S. , Bates Karl T.
Published: September 2024

Humans and birds use very different running styles. Unlike humans, birds adopt “grounded running” at intermediate speeds—a running gait where at least one foot always maintains ground contact. Avian grounded running is a paradox: Animals usually minimize locomotor energy expenditure, but birds prefer grounded running despite incurring higher energy costs. Using predictive gait simulations of the emu (
Dromaius novaehollandiae
), we resolve this paradox by demonstrating that grounded running represents an optimal gait for birds, from both energetics and muscle excitations perspectives. Our virtual experiments decoupled effects of posture and tendon elasticity, biomechanically relevant anatomical features that cannot be isolated in real birds. The avian body plan prevents (near) vertical leg postures, making the running style used by humans impossible. Under this anatomical constraint, grounded running is optimal if the muscles produce the highest forces in crouched postures, as is true in most birds. Shared anatomical features suggest that, as a behavior, avian grounded running first evolved within non-avian dinosaurs.
Steerable current-driven emission of spin waves in magnetic vortex pairs
Authors: Koraltan Sabri , Schultheiss Katrin , Bruckner Florian , Weigand Markus , Abert Claas , Suess Dieter , Wintz Sebastian
Published: September 2024

The efficient excitation of spin waves is a key challenge in the realization of magnonic devices. We demonstrate current-driven generation of spin waves in antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic vortices. We use time-resolved x-ray microscopy to directly image the emission of spin waves upon the application of alternating currents flowing directly through the magnetic stack. Micromagnetic simulations allow us to identify the current-driven Oersted field as the main origin of excitation, in contrast to spin-transfer torques. In our case, these internal Oersted fields have an orders of magnitude higher spin-wave excitation efficiency than commonly used stripline antennas. For magnetostrictive materials, we furthermore demonstrate that the direction of magnon propagation can be steered by increasing the excitation amplitude, which modifies the underlying magnetization profile through an additional anisotropy. The demonstrated methods allow for the efficient and tunable excitation of spin waves, marking a substantial advance concerning the design of magnonic devices.
Late Miocene transformation of Mediterranean Sea biodiversity
Authors: Agiadi Konstantina , Hohmann Niklas , Gliozzi Elsa , Thivaiou Danae , Bosellini Francesca R. , Taviani Marco , Bianucci Giovanni , Collareta Alberto , Londeix Laurent , Faranda Costanza , Bulian Francesca , Koskeridou Efterpi , Lozar Francesca , Mancini Alan Maria , Dominici Stefano , Moissette Pierre , Campos Ildefonso Bajo , Borghi Enrico , Iliopoulos George , Antonarakou Assimina , Kontakiotis George , Besiou Evangelia , Zarkogiannis Stergios D. , Harzhauser Mathias , Sierro Francisco Javier , Coll Marta , Vasiliev Iuliana , Camerlenghi Angelo , García-Castellanos Daniel
Published: September 2024

Understanding deep-time marine biodiversity change under the combined effects of climate and connectivity changes is fundamental for predicting the impacts of modern climate change in semi-enclosed seas. We quantify the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene [11.63 to 3.6 million years (Ma)] taxonomic diversity of the Mediterranean Sea for calcareous nannoplankton, dinocysts, foraminifera, ostracods, corals, molluscs, bryozoans, echinoids, fishes, and marine mammals. During this time, marine biota was affected by global climate cooling and the restriction of the Mediterranean’s connection to the Atlantic Ocean that peaked with the Messinian salinity crisis. Although the net change in species richness from the Tortonian to the Zanclean varies by group, species turnover is greater than 30% in all cases, reflecting a high degree of reorganization of the marine ecosystem after the crisis. The results show a clear perturbation already in the pre-evaporitic Messinian (7.25 to 5.97 Ma), with patterns differing among groups and subbasins.
Recent replenishment of aliphatic organics on Ceres from a large subsurface reservoir
Authors: De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Baratta Giuseppe A. , Brucato John R. , Castillo-Rogez Julie , Ciarniello Mauro , Cozzolino Fabio , De Angelis Simone , Ferrari Marco , Fulvio Daniele , Germanà Massimo , Mennella Vito , Pagnoscin Silvia , Palumbo Maria Elisabetta , Poggiali Giovanni , Popa Ciprian , Raponi Andrea , Scirè Carlotta , Strazzulla Giovanni , Urso Riccardo Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Ceres hosts notable aliphatic-organic concentrations, ranging from approximately 5 to >30 weight % in specific surface areas. The origins and persistence of these organics are under debate due to the intense aliphatic organic signature and radiation levels in Ceres’ orbit, which would typically lead to their destruction, hindering detection. To investigate this, we conducted laboratory experiments to replicate how the signature of the organic-rich regions would degrade due to radiation. Our findings indicate a fast degradation rate, implying the exposure of buried organics within the past few million years. This degradation rate, coupled with observed quantities, implies that the aliphatics must be present in substantial quantities within the shallow subsurface. Our estimates suggest an initial aliphatic abundance 2 to 30 times greater than currently observed, surpassing significantly the levels found in carbonaceous chondrites, indicating either a significant concentration or remarkable purity.
Dynamically reconfigurable shape-morphing and tactile display via hydraulically coupled mergeable and splittable PVC gel actuator
Authors: Jang Seung-Yeon , Cho Minjae , Kim Hyunwoo , Choi Meejeong , Mun Seongcheol , Youn Jung-Hwan , Park Jihwan , Hwang Geonwoo , Hwang Inwook , Yun Sungryul , Kyung Ki-Uk
Published: September 2024

Shape-morphing displays alter their surface geometry to convey information through three-dimensional shapes. However, rapid transformation into seamless shapes with multimodal tactile sensations poses challenges. Here, we introduce a versatile soft shape-morphing and tactile display, using a novel actuator that combines a PVC gel composite, dielectric liquid, and an electrode array. Proposed device facilitates on-demand liquid flow control through electrohydraulic actuation. Liquid channels within the device can be dynamically reconfigured using localized electrostatic zipping, enabling swift shape morphing and reconfiguration into diverse seamless 3D shapes. Our device achieves a large deformation and high output force, in a slim and lightweight framework. It also offers various haptic feedback, including dynamic tactile patterns and vibrations for localizable surface textures on the morphed shape. Additionally, its potential in robotics was demonstrated through high-speed object manipulation, leveraging liquid flow–induced inertia. In summary, our innovative soft shape-morphing tactile display could open new ways that we interact with technology, offering a more immersive and intuitive experience.
Float like a butterfly, swim like a biohybrid neuromuscular robot
Authors: Xu Nicole W.
Published: September 2024

A butterfly-like robot swims using an electronic device to stimulate human-derived motor neurons and cardiac muscle cells.
Neutrophil extracellular traps protect the kidney from ascending infection and are required for a positive leukocyte dipstick test
Authors: Stewart Andrew P. , Loudon Kevin W. , Routledge Matthew , Lee Colin Y. C. , Trotter Patrick , Richoz Nathan , Gillman Eleanor , Antrobus Robin , Mccaffrey James , Posner David , Conway Morris Andrew , Karet Frankl Fiona E. , Clatworthy Menna R.
Published: September 2024

Lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is common but only rarely complicated by pyelonephritis. However, the mechanisms preventing extension to the kidney are unclear. Here, we identified neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in healthy human urine that provide an antibacterial defense strategy within the urinary tract. In both in vivo murine models of UTI where uropathogenic
E. coli
are inoculated into the bladder and ex vivo human urine models, NETs interacted with uromodulin to form large webs that entrapped the bacteria. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) inhibition in mice blocked NETosis and resulted in progression of cystitis into pyelonephritis, suggesting that NETosis of urinary neutrophils acts to prevent bacterial ascent into the kidney. Analysis of UK Biobank data revealed that genetic variants in
PADI4
that associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in multiple genome-wide association studies were consistently associated with reduced susceptibility to UTI. Last, we showed that urine dipstick testing for leukocyte esterase was negative in the presence of intact blood neutrophils but became positive when neutrophils were stimulated to NET, and this could be prevented by selective PADI4 inhibition, demonstrating that this test does not detect absolute neutrophil count, as has long been assumed, but specifically detects neutrophils that have undergone NETosis. These findings highlight the role of NETosis in preventing ascending infections in the urinary tract and improve our understanding of one of the most common clinical tests in medicine.
Inhibition of heme-thiolate monooxygenase CYP1B1 prevents hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by accumulating trehalose
Authors: Tung Hung-Chun , Kim Jong-Won , Zhu Junjie , Li Sihan , Yan Jiong , Liu Qing , Koo Imhoi , Koshkin Sergei A. , Hao Fuhua , Zhong Guo , Xu Meishu , Wang Zehua , Wang Jingyuan , Huang Yixian , Xi Yue , Cai Xinran , Xu Pengfei , Ren Songrong , Higashiyama Takanobu , Gonzalez Frank J. , Li Song , Isoherranen Nina , Yang Da , Ma Xiaochao , Patterson Andrew D. , Xie Wen
Published: September 2024

Activation of extracellular matrix–producing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in liver fibrogenesis. We showed that the expression of the heme-thiolate monooxygenase cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) was elevated in human and mouse fibrotic livers and activated HSCs. Systemic or HSC-specific ablation and pharmacological inhibition of CYP1B1 attenuated HSC activation and protected male but not female mice from thioacetamide (TAA)–, carbon tetrachloride (CCl
4
)–, or bile duct ligation (BDL)–induced liver fibrosis. Metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in the disaccharide trehalose in CYP1B1-deficient HSCs resulting from intestinal suppression of the trehalose-metabolizing enzyme trehalase, whose gene we found to be a target of RARα. Trehalose or its hydrolysis-resistant derivative lactotrehalose exhibited potent antifibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo by functioning as an HSC-specific autophagy inhibitor, which may account for the antifibrotic effect of CYP1B1 inhibition. Our study thus reveals an endobiotic function of CYP1B1 in liver fibrosis in males, mediated by liver-intestine cross-talk and trehalose. At the translational level, pharmacological inhibition of CYP1B1 or the use of trehalose/lactotrehalose may represent therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
Managing hypertension in older people: current concepts
Authors: Steckelmacher James , Graham Catherine , Maniero Carmela , Gupta Ajay
Published: September 2024

Hypertension management in older people is challenging due to pathophysiological changes brought about by ageing, associated comorbidities, frailty and polypharmacy and often has a poor evidence base. This article gives an overview of these factors and related available evidence with particular attention to clinical issues and consensus guidance.
Development and Implementation of a Portable Cigarette Filter Holes Recognition Device Based on Low-Power Image Sensor and High-Precision Coaxial Rotary Scanning
Authors: Li Yufei , Zhu Zhaosong , Huang Xiaofei , Cui Sheng , Zhang Shengwei , Guo Yueping
Published: September 2024

During the cigarette production process, the detection of holes in the filters presents an urgent challenge for manufacturers. Utilizing image sensors offers an effective solution to tackle this challenge effectively. While current detection devices mitigate this issue through the use of auxiliary light source technology and sophisticated deep learning image processing, they are often large-scale, stationary, and demand substantial computational resources. To overcome this limitation, a low-power battery-powered portable filter holes detection device is designed based on image processing to facilitate portability and sampling. Additionally, backlight transmission lighting components are employed to guarantee aperture definition after imaging. Furthermore, a filter holes recognition algorithm is proposed based on multi-threshold combination of computer vision (CV). The algorithm forms a plan view of the circumference of the cigarette by image stitching, then performs filter holes detection and filters the results. Experimental results show that operators can easily carry the device for sampling and testing, and can accurately perform filter holes detection, and the results provide valuable insights into the adjustment of system parameters in the cigarette production process. This device significantly aids in enhancing efficiency during the manual inspection processes both in the testing room and at the equipment stations.
Research on Public Space Interior Environmental Planning and Design Method Based on BIM Topological Relationships
Authors: Kun Yao
Published: September 2024

With the wide application of building information modeling (BIM) technology in the field of architectural design, this study aims to explore the planning and design method of public space internal environment based on BIM topological relationship. Through in-depth analysis of the data structure and spatial topological relationships of BIM models, this study proposes a public space design framework that combines user needs and environmental standards. Collect and convert relevant data of public spaces into BIM models, use BIM technology to establish detailed models of spatial elements and their topological relationships, combine spatial connectivity, line of sight, and flow simulation analysis, and consider key factors such as spatial layout, lighting, and ventilation. Realize the planning and design of indoor environments in public spaces. The experimental results indicate that the method can effectively improve the quality of public space design and promote the sustainable development of the environment. This study not only highlights the application potential of BIM in public space design, but also provides a new design methodology for the internal environmental planning of public space.
A systematic review on catalytic Wittig and Knoevenagel condensation reactions
Authors: Shaikh Samir , Shinde Santosh , Moulavi Mansur , Inamdar Shaukatali
Published: September 2024

This review is focused on various reports in recent years on catalytic Wittig reactions and Knoevenagel condensation reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst. The one-pot, cost-effective stereoselective catalytic Wittig reaction, is the reaction countering components generated by oxidation of primary alcohols without addition of base. Some reactions were reportedly performed under mild conditions, green and efficient approach providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields within short times. The catalytic behavior over various catalysts for the Tandem oxidation reactions (TORs) was also summarized in this review.