bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unprecedented Class of Benzoyldiazenido‐Functionalized Polyoxometalates with Enhanced Antitumour Activities
Authors: Wang Longsheng , Yin Panchao , Zhang Jin , Xiao Fengping , Fang Zhikun , Fu Weiwei , Wei Yongge , Xue Shijia
Published: October 2017

An unprecedented class of benzoyldiazenido‐functionalized polyoxometalates, [Bu4N]3[Mo6O18(=N=NCOAr)] (Ar=Ph, 1; Ph‐o‐Cl, 2; Ph‐m‐Cl, 3; Ph‐p‐Cl, 4; Ph‐o,p‐Cl2, 5; Ph‐p‐Br, 6; Ph‐m‐NO2, 7; Ph‐p‐NO2, 8; Ph‐p‐OMe, 9), are prepared through the reactions of α‐octamolybdate and the corresponding hydrazides in dry acetonitrile under reflux with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that their anions demonstrate the typical structural features of monofunctionalized hexamolybdates with different organic substituents. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates that the [Mo6O18(NN)] fragments in these compounds are electron‐donating groups rather than electron‐withdrawing groups, and this behaviour was further validated by the calculation of the atomic‐charge distributions [natural bond orbital (NBO) and Mülliken]. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicates that they are more difficult to reduce than hexamolybdate and its organoimido derivatives. Antitumour activity tests against K562 show that most of the hybrid compounds have enhanced inhibitory activities compared with those of hexamolybdate and the corresponding hydrazide ligands.
Epoxidation of Methyl Oleate and Subsequent Ring‐Opening Catalyzed by Lipase from Candida sp. 99–125
Authors: Lv Niuniu , He Wei , Fang Zheng , Sun Qin , Qiu Chuanhong , Guo Kai
Published: October 2017

A green method for chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation of methyl oleate is developed, resulted in epoxidized methyl oleate. Subsequently, excessive hydrogen peroxide and extended reaction time led to polyols through ring‐opening reaction catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida sp. 99–125. The corresponding reaction conditions are systematically investigated. High epoxy number is obtained at 70 °C for 5 h when 1.5 wt% immobilized lipase and 1.5 equivalent of hydrogen peroxide are used. Interestingly, no hydrolysis reaction of epoxidized methyl oleate is observed. Moreover, epoxidized methyl oleate generated shows good plasticizing effect on PVC resin. On the basis of epoxidation reaction, more hydrogen peroxide and extended reaction time are employed in the ring‐opening reaction, resulting in more polyols. Polyurethane rigid foams with good thermal conductivity, dimensional stability, and compress strength can be successfully prepared through the use of polyols acquired by ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil. In addition, the enzyme shows good reusability toward epoxidation and ring‐opening reaction.

Practical Applications: The epoxides can be widely used as stabilizers for plasticizers, ingredients of lubricants, and the intermediates for surfactants. The bio‐based polyols are the potential alternative petrochemicals in polyurethane industry. Furthermore, successful achievement of this study can provide a powerful technical support for the application of enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis.

An NMR‐based metabolomic approach,using “one‐to‐one” OPLS‐DA models, allows to identify biomarkers of different production zones in “Bosana” Sardinian EVOO.
Dissymmetrization of Benzothiadiazole by Direct C–H Arylation: A Way to Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Elongated π‐Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Hernández Maldonado Daniel , Le Borgne Damien , Moineau‐Chane Ching Kathleen I.
Published: October 2017

5‐(7‐Bromo‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐thiophenecarbaldehyde is a small building block of great interest for its use in the elaboration of symmetrical or unsymmetrical donor–acceptor π‐conjugated molecules for optoelectronic applications. Herein, a convenient, one‐pot, two‐component synthesis of this intermediate is reported, based upon a palladium‐catalysed, phosphine‐ and additive‐free, direct C–H arylation process. The synthesis has been studied in depth to obtain optimum yields and selectivity by an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for sustainable synthesis.
Taxonomic treatment of some Indian Magnolia L. in respect to Seedling Morphology
Authors: Bose Animesh , Das Poushali , Paria Nanda Dulal
Published: October 2017

Seedling morphology of five species of Magnolia from different districts of West Bengal (India) were studied. The germination is epigeal, phanercotylar type. The seedlings are distinguishable on the basis of features like hypocotyl; shape, apex, and venation of paracotyledons; first two leaves and subsequent leaves have been considered also as key characters for the easy identification of the plants at juvenile stage. Similarities in seedling morphology rightly support the placement of Michelia under the genus Magnolia as treated recently. These taxa are facing various degrees of threats, mainly due to exploitation for their commercial potential as timber‐yielding plants, horticultural and medicinal plants. Consequently, conservation programmes of these plants can be planned through their identification at juvenile stages in natural sites.
A taxonomic note on the Phlomoides sect. Filipendula (Phlomideae, Lamioideae, Lamiaceae) from Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Massoud , Mahmoudi Chonour
Published: October 2017

Phlomoides semnanensis (Phlomideae, Lamioideae, Lamiaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species of Semnan Province of central Iran. It is closely related to Phlomoides labiosiformis and Phlomoides binaludensis in general morphology, but differs primarily in calyx indumentum, corolla and calyx size and petiole length.
A One‐Step Approach to the Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Titania Nanoflakes
Authors: Brown Scott , El‐Shall Hassan , Lee Yang‐Yao
Published: October 2017

High aspect ratio TiO2 nanoflakes are synthesized by a one‐step modified surface hydrolysis method. Surface morphology and physical dimensions are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Microsized flakes having a thickness ≈40 nm are successfully synthesized by spreading an oil phase consisting of titanium tetraisopropoxide and a low surface tension hydrocarbon on the surface of water. Pure anatase phase crystalline titania nanoflakes are obtained by calcining at 400 °C without changing the shape and thickness of flakes. Relatively higher specific surface area (2–6 times) and less crystal defects enhance photocatalytic activities of nanoflakes due to more surface reaction sites and the suppression of fast recombination. By performing dye degradation under ultraviolet illumination, titania nanoflakes exhibit the higher photocatalytic efficiency over the commercial photocatalyst, Degussa P25. As far as it is known, this method is the most efficient and cost effective process for making low‐dimensional nanomaterials in a continuous manner. These titania flakes can be easily separated from the treated water by simply sedimentation or filtration and therefore is very suitable for water purification application.
Prevalence of delusions in drug‐naïve Alzheimer disease patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Leo , Lee Philip E. , Chan Peter , Fok Mark C. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Sepehry Amir A.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common at all stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). Delusions in AD are associated with negative clinical consequences and may signal rapid disease progression. Hence, we sought to determine the prevalence of delusions in drug‐naïve (no cholinesterase inhibitor or neuroleptic medications) AD patients.

Methods

In this meta‐analysis, a search of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases was performed. We selected studies reporting delusion prevalence measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) in drug‐naïve AD patients. An aggregate delusion event rate with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The I2 statistic was used to assess the magnitude of between‐study heterogeneity. Single variable meta‐regressions allowed examination of the effect of moderating factors and heterogeneity. Quantitative measures were used to appraise for publication bias.

Results

We identified 6 studies with 591 participants allowing calculation of the aggregate delusional prevalence rate. Irrespective of dementia severity, the aggregate event rate for delusions was 29.1% (95% CI: 20–41%; I2 = 84.59). No publication bias was observed.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis calculates a 29.1% prevalence rate of delusions in AD patients. There is a trend towards increasing delusion prevalence in concordance with increasing severity of dementia. Given delusions are associated with poorer outcomes, the obtained prevalence should motivate clinicians to screen carefully for delusions. Current literature limitations warrant future studies, with sub‐analyses on dementia severity, and other neurobiological factors known to influence the presence of delusions.
Chimeric thoracoacromial artery perforator flap for one‐staged reconstruction of complex pharyngoesophageal defects: A single unit experience
Authors: Song Dajiang , Pafitanis Georgios , Pont Luis Eduardo Parra , Yang Peng , Koshima Isao , Zhang Yixin , Iida Takuya , Zhou Xiao , Li Zan
Published: October 2017

Background

Circumferential hypopharyngeal defects with anterior neck skin loss often require double‐stacked or chimeric flaps to achieve good surgical outcomes. The thoracoacromial artery perforator (TAAP) flap is a simple and reliable method for hypopharyngeal defect reconstruction.

Methods

From March 2012 to February 2015, 19 male patients with an average age of 62 years (range 42‐81 years) underwent complex pharyngoesophageal defect reconstruction with chimeric TAAP flaps.

Results

All 19 male patients who underwent reconstruction with TAAP flaps achieved optimal functional outcomes. All donor sites were closed primarily. The average length of hospital stay was 12.5 days (range 10‐19 days). All patients returned back to normal nutrition after 8 weeks postoperatively. The average follow‐up period was 19.3 months (range 14‐48 months).

Conclusion

The chimeric TAAP flap is an innovative local alternative solution for reconstruction of complex circumferential hypopharyngeal defects when free tissue transfer is contraindicated or neck vessels are depleted.
Dual catenin loss in murine liver causes tight junctional deregulation and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Pradhan‐Sundd Tirthadipa , Zhou Lili , Vats Ravi , Jiang An , Molina Laura , Singh Sucha , Poddar Minakshi , Russell Jacquelyn , Stolz Donna B , Oertel Michael , Apte Udayan , Watkins Simon , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Nejak‐Bowen Kari N. , Sundd Prithu , Monga Satdarshan Pal
Published: October 2017

β‐Catenin, the downstream effector of the Wnt signaling, plays important roles in hepatic development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. However, its role at hepatocyte adherens junctions (AJ) is relatively poorly understood, chiefly due to spontaneous compensation by γ‐catenin. We simultaneously ablated β‐ and γ‐catenin expression in mouse liver by interbreeding β‐catenin–γ‐catenin double‐floxed mice and Alb‐Cre transgenic mice. Double knockout mice show failure to thrive, impaired hepatocyte differentiation, cholemia, ductular reaction, progressive cholestasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis, which was associated with deregulation of tight junctions (TJ) and bile acid transporters, leading to early morbidity and mortality, a phenotype reminiscent of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). To address the mechanism, we specifically and temporally eliminated both catenins from hepatocytes using adeno‐associated virus 8 carrying Cre‐recombinase under the thyroid‐binding globulin promoter (AAV8‐TBG‐Cre). This led to a time‐dependent breach of the blood–biliary barrier associated with sequential disruption of AJ and TJ verified by ultrastructural imaging and intravital microscopy, which revealed unique paracellular leaks around individual hepatocytes, allowing mixing of blood and bile and leakage of blood from one sinusoid to another. Molecular analysis identified sequential losses of E‐cadherin, occludin, claudin‐3, and claudin‐5 due to enhanced proteasomal degradation, and of claudin‐2, a β‐catenin transcriptional target, which was also validated in vitro. Conclusion: We report partially redundant function of catenins at AJ in regulating TJ and contributing to the blood–biliary barrier. Furthermore, concomitant hepatic loss of β‐ and γ‐catenin disrupts structural and functional integrity of AJ and TJ via transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. Mice with dual catenin loss develop progressive intrahepatic cholestasis, providing a unique model to study diseases such as PFIC. (Hepatology 2018;67:2320‐2337).
Expected versus experienced neck comfort
Authors: Bouwens Joyce M. A. , Schultheis Udo W. , Hiemstra‐van Mastrigt Suzanne , Vink Peter
Published: October 2017

There is certainly room for economy‐class travelers to make their trips more pleasant. A travel pillow might improve comfort. In this study, the comfort expectations and experience of travel pillows were examined. Comparing these 2 aspects indicated that it is not always possible to predict the comfort experience associated with a product based on a picture, and that there is a discrepancy between expected and experienced comfort. Experienced comfort is highest for travel pillows that restrict head movements in all directions in order to maintain a neutral posture. The results of this study also support earlier studies that suggested that discomfort experience can be predicted by observing the number of participants’ in‐seat movements; more movements result in higher experienced discomfort.
Cubane‐Type Polynuclear Zinc Complexes Containing Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ring‐Opening Polymerization Studies of rac‐Lactide and ε‐Caprolactone
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Spannenberg Anke , Mejía Esteban
Published: October 2017

New polynuclear zinc complexes containing tridentate Schiff base ligands were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. The solid‐state structure of the complexes was determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The complexes display a tetranuclear cubane‐like core structure [Zn4O4] and sowed good catalytic activity towards the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide (rac‐LA) and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) under solvent‐free conditions. The polylactic acid (PLA) obtained from rac‐LA showed isotactic enrichment, as proved by homonuclear decoupled 1H‐NMR analysis. These complexes also showed good activity and superior control towards the ROP of rac‐LA and ε‐CL in the presence of benzyl alcohol as a co‐initiator. Furthermore, kinetic studies demonstrated that the ROP of rac‐LA and ε‐CL has a first order dependence on both monomer (rac‐LA and ε‐CL) and catalyst concentration.
Beyond Moneyball to social capital inside and out: The value of differentiated workforce experience ties to performance
Authors: Wang Lan , Cotton Rick
Published: October 2017

The differential impact of social capital among employees in strategic and support roles has received far less attention than that of human capital in talent management literature. Building on network closure theory and differentiated workforce theory, we examine the effect of strategic and support teams’ experience ties on team performance while controlling for human capital using current Moneyball‐inspired metrics for workforce quality. Using an 111‐year longitudinal data set of 15,837 Major League Baseball players from all 30 teams and 3,475,778 experience ties, we find that after accounting for the effect of team quality, managerial stability and reputation, and era effects, organizational experience ties and subsequent team performance have an inverted U‐shaped relationship for strategic roles and a U‐shaped relationship for support roles. Competitor experience ties have an inverted U‐shaped relationship on performance for strategic roles, yet the hypothesized U‐shaped relationship showed differences for different competency areas among support roles. This study highlights the value of social capital to team performance and the importance of differentiating human resource management (HRM) practices for strategic and support roles in 20 different competency areas. It also showcases how workforce analytics with big data can be applied to HRM and have value added impact on workforce and firm strategy execution.
Guest‐responsive, Non‐proteolytic Harvest of a Cell‐sheet using Controllable Host‐guest Chemistry
Authors: Park Kyeng Min , Shrinidhi Annadka , Murray James , Kim Kimoon
Published: October 2017

A new non‐proteolytic method to harvest a cell‐sheet was demonstrated using controllable host‐guest interactions which can be dissociated by treating a strong guest on demand. Fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) were grown to confluence on a 1,6‐diammoniumhexane conjugated hyaluronic acid (DAH‐HA) polymer which was anchored to a cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) surface using the host‐guest interaction between DAH and CB[7]. Treating with a strong guest allowed the cultured cells to be detached from the surface as a free standing sheet. This approach demonstrated the great potential of controllable host‐guest chemistry as a novel tool for non‐proteolytic harvesting of cell‐sheets useful for regenerative therapy.
Effect of Organic Nano Carboncapsule Incorporated Modified Clay on Fire‐Retardancy of PMMA Nanocomposites
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Yen , Bunekar Naveen , Wu Ti‐Chia , Chiang Yu‐Chen , Wang Zheng‐zhou , Wu Li‐Xin
Published: October 2017

Here we investigate a new type of highly flame retardant poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposite by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of organic nano carboncapsule (OCNC/NCNC)‐incorporated modified montmorillonites (CL120, CL42). The morphology of the modified clay was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in the clay. The nano morphological characterization of the clay in the PMMA matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal and mechanical properties of the PMMA nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. PMMA containing organo nano carboncapsule‐doped CL42 modified cocoamphodipropionate (K2) (P‐O‐CL42) could achieve very high thermal stability compared to pristine PMMA. The 5% thermal decomposition temperature (T5d) increased by 63.2°C. Storage modulus of PMMA nanocomposites measured by DMA analysis. An enhancement of storage modulus and significant reduction in the peak heat release (PHR) rate were observed in the almost all PMMA nanocomposites as compared to pristine PMMA. Moreover, these results suggest that PMMA nanocomposites can have potential applications in the building industry and the medical field.
The Effect of Food and an Antacid on the Bioavailability of Dexketoprofen Trometamol
Authors: McEwen John , De Luca Massimo , Casini Alessandro , Gich Ignasi , Barbanoj Manel J. , Tost Digna , Artigas Remei , Mauleón David
Published: October 2017

This randomized three‐way, crossover pharmacokinetic study was performed to determine whether food or an antacid alters the bioavailability of dexketoprofen trometamol. A total of 24 healthy volunteers received three single 25 mg doses of dexketoprofen trometamol administered either in fasting condition, after an antacid (Maalox®), or after a high‐fat breakfast. Each volunteer received the three treatments in a randomized order, with a 7‐day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals up to 24 h after dose. Plasma dexketoprofen concentrations were determined by HPLC and the main outcome measures were area under curve of concentration vs. time (AUC0‐∞), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax.), and time to reach maximal concentration (tmax). Administration of an antacid 10 min before dexketoprofen trometamol had no clinically relevant effect on any of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Food did not alter the extent of absorption of dexketoprofen trometamol, but tmax was significantly increased and Cmax significantly decreased compared with the fasting state. In conclusion, we can state that neither antacid nor food has a significant effect on the overall bioavailability of dexketoprofen trometamol.
Comparison of Dexketoprofen Trometamol and Ketoprofen in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Beltrán Juan , Martín-Mola Emilio , Figueroa Manuel , Granados Josep , Sanmartí Raimon , Artigas Remei , Torres Ferran , Forns Mònica , Mauleón David
Published: October 2017

Dexketoprofen, the active enantiomer of the racemic compound ketoprofen, is a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylpropionate family. The efficacy and safety of dexketoprofen trometamol were compared with the equivalent enantiomeric dose of ketoprofen in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind 3‐week trial of adult outpatients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. After a washout period of 7–15 days, patients were randomly assigned to receive either dexketoprofen trometamol 25 mg tid (N = 89) or ketoprofen 50 mg tid (N = 94). Of the 183 patients enrolled, two were lost to follow‐up. At the end of treatment (3 weeks), the main efficacy outcome measures were significantly better in the dexketoprofen trometamol group than in the ketoprofen group. In addition, overall physician assessment indicated that 75% of the dexketoprofen group had improved compared with 50% of the ketoprofen patients. There were fewer adverse events in the dexketoprofen treatment group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. These results demonstrate that dexketoprofen trometamol 25 mg tid is more effective than ketoprofen 50 mg tid in short‐term symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis and suggest that the tolerability of dexketoprofen trometamol is more favorable than ketoprofen. Therefore, the substitution of dexketoprofen for racemic ketoprofen may be advantageous in clinical practice.
Non‐invasive detection of bladder cancer via expression‐targeted gene delivery
Authors: Fang Yunlan , Wolfson Benjamin , Godbey W T.
Published: October 2017

Background

Because of the time and expense associated with the procedures and possible distress to the patient, cystoscopy or other imaging techniques are typically not used for bladder cancer detection before symptoms become present. Alternatively, commercial assays for urinary tumor markers exist but are marred by low sensitivity and high cost. There is a need for a simple and sensitive means of tumor detection, such as via the analysis of urine.

Methods

Plasmids encoding the secretable reporter Gaussia Luciferase (G.LUC), under the control of cmv, cox2 or opn promoters, were delivered via polyethylenimine into bladder tumor cells in culture and into the bladders of mice. Expression profiles of the reporter were recorded, the optimal times for reporter detection were determined and the relationship of reporter expression with tumor size was calculated.

Results

In vitro results showed that both the cox2 and opn promoters can drive significant expression of G.LUC in bladder carcinoma cells in a targeted fashion. In vivo results demonstrated that the cox2 promoter caused expression of G.LUC at detectable levels in the urine, with local signal maxima occurring at 48 and 72 h post‐transfection. G.LUC levels in the urine had a 24‐h periodicity, with the periodicity partly being the result of an agent secreted by tumor cells that served to mask the luciferase signal.

Conclusions

Having shown tumor specificity and having been calibrated with respect to circadian expression patterns, the detection system shows great promise for future investigation of tumor presence both in the urinary bladder and other models of cancer.
Organic amendments and mulches modify soil porosity and infiltration in semiarid mine soils
Authors: Luna Lourdes , Vignozzi Nadia , Miralles Isabel , Solé‐Benet Albert
Published: October 2017

The restoration of soils affected by mining activities depends on the improvement of soil physical quality. This study aimed to determine the medium‐term effects of organic amendments and mulches on soil physical properties and soil hydrological response. The experimental restoration was conducted in a homogeneous slope using a factorial design (organic amendments × mulches). The organic amendments consisted of compost from domestic organic residues, sewage sludge from an urban water treatment facility, and a control without amendment. The mulches consisted of gravel, woodchips, and a control without mulch. Modifications of the soil structure induced by the combinations of techniques were quantified by micromorphometric analysis of 2D porosity. Undisturbed soil cores were collected to determine the soil bulk density. Soil hydrological behaviour was determined by rainfall simulations. Samples from natural undisturbed soils surrounding the quarry were also taken as a reference. Restored soils with organic amendments have a higher total porosity than did nonamended substrates. Each restoration treatment combination resulted in a different pore system with very diverse hydrological responses. Organic amendments resulted in infiltration improvement and water erosion reduction. The woodchip mulch was more effective at trapping runoff and sediment, although this type of mulch did not favour vertical water movement towards deeper horizons. Therefore, the use of organic amendments should be encouraged in mine soil restoration and should be strongly recommended for its proven environmental benefits (enhancement of soil structure and infiltration and reduction of soil losses). However, the mulches did not produce the expected results in the tested arid–semiarid area.
Thinking outside the classical chain reaction box of lipid oxidation: Evidence for alternate pathways and the importance of epoxides
Authors: Schaich Karen M. , Xie Jia , Bogusz Brandon A.
Published: October 2017

Lipid oxidation has always been viewed as a simple free radical chain reaction with straightforward sequence of radicals → hydroperoxides → products. The first paper in this series proposed that alternate reactions of lipid peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals compete with hydrogen abstraction to make the process much more complex. This article provides experimental evidence for formation of epoxides as major products and shows how monitoring a broad spectrum of products is critical for accurate assessment of the extent of lipid oxidation, elucidating reaction pathways, and anticipating potential toxicity.
MRI assessment of treatment delivery for interstitial photodynamic therapy of high‐grade glioma in a preclinical model
Authors: Leroy Henri‐Arthur , Vermandel Maximilien , Leroux Bertrand , Duhamel Alain , Lejeune Jean‐Paul , Mordon Serge , Reyns Nicolas
Published: October 2017

Background

High‐grade gliomas are primary brain tumors that have shown increasing incidence and unfavorable outcomes. Local control is crucial to the management of this pathology. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), based on the light‐induced activation of a photosensitizer (PS), achieves local treatment by inducing selective lesions in tumor tissue.

Objectives

Previous studies have reported the outcomes of PDT for glioblastoma via immunohistological data. Our study aimed to evaluate MRI findings, including diffusion, and perfusion sequences, compared with immunohistological data from the same population to address the efficiency of light fractionation.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐six “nude” rats grafted with human U87 cells into the right putamen underwent PDT. After PS precursor (5‐ALA) intake, an optical fiber was introduced into the tumor. The rats were randomized into the following groups: those without illumination and those that received two or five fractions of light. Treatment effects were assessed with early high‐field MRI to measure the volume of necrosis and edema using diffusion and perfusion sequences; the MRI results were compared with immunohistology results, including necrosis and apoptosis markers.

Results

Elevated diffusion values were observed on MRI in the centers of the tumors of the treated animals, especially in the 5‐fraction group (P < 0.01). Perfusion was decreased around the treatment site, especially in the 5‐fraction group (P = 0.024). The MRI findings were consistent with previously published histological data. The median volume of necrosis was significantly different between the sham group and treated groups, 0 mm3 versus 2.67 mm3, P < 0.001. The same trend was previously observed in histology data when grading the absence or presence of necrosis and when the presence of necrosis was significantly more predominant for the treated group than for the untreated group (P < 001). Additionally, cell death represented by apoptosis marker data (TUNEL method) was significantly higher in the 5‐fraction group than in the 2‐fraction group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Diffusion and perfusion MRI revealed histological lesions. Interstitial PDT (iPDT) induced specific lesions in the tumor tissue, which were observed with MRI and confirmed by histopathological analysis. Thus, MRI may provide a non‐invasive and reliable tool to assess treatment outcomes after PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:460–468, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrically Insulated Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Synergistic Core–Shell SiO2@MWCNTs and Montmorillonite Bifillers
Authors: Wu Zijian , Gao Sheng , Chen Lei , Jiang Dawei , Shao Qian , Zhang Bing , Zhai Zhaohui , Wang Chen , Zhao Min , Ma Yingyi , Zhang Xiaohong , Weng Ling , Zhang Mingyan , Guo Zhanhu
Published: October 2017

With unique physicochemical properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have enabled major achievement in polymer composites as reinforcing fillers. Nevertheless, high conductivity of raw MWCNTs (R‐MWCNTs) limits their wider applications in certain fields, which require outstanding thermal conductivity, mechanical, and insulation properties simultaneously. In this article, silica (SiO2) coated MWCNTs core–shell hybrids (SiO2@MWCNTs) and organically modified montmorillonite (O‐MMT) are employed to modify epoxy (EP) simultaneously. The epoxy‐clay system is cured by using anhydride curing agent. The impact strength and flexural strength of final nanocomposites are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the final composites remain in high electrical insulation. Compared to mixed acid treated MWCNTs (C‐MWCNTs) (0.5 wt%)/EP nanocomposites, the volume resistivity of the O‐MMT(4 wt%)/SiO2@MWCNTs(0.5 wt%)/EP nanocomposites increases more than six orders of magnitude. Synergistic toughening effect occurs when using core–shell SiO2@MWCNTs and MMT bifillers. The electrical insulation is attributed to the suppressed electron transport effect by SiO2layer on the CNTs surface, and the blocked conductive CNTs network by the buried 2D structural O‐MMT. The SiO2@MWCNTs core–shell hybrids also benefit to decrease the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CNTs/EP composites. This work provides guidance to using CNTs as reinforcement fillers to toughen the polymers for electric insulating applications.
Pełczyński's property () of order p and its quantification
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Dongyang , Chávez‐Domínguez Javier Alejandro
Published: October 2017

We introduce the concepts of Pełczyński's property (V) of order p and Pełczyński's property of order p. It is proved that, for each , the James p‐spaces enjoys Pełczyński's property of order p and the James ‐spaces (where denotes the conjugate number of p) enjoys Pełczyński's property (V) of order p. We prove that both (μ a finite positive measure) and l1 enjoy a quantitative version of Pełczyński's property .
MEDI+0: Morphology enabled dipole inversion with automatic uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference for quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Liu Zhe , Spincemaille Pascal , Yao Yihao , Zhang Yan , Wang Yi
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To develop a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method with a consistent zero reference using minimal variation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) susceptibility.

Theory and Methods

The ventricular CSF was automatically segmented on the
map. An L2‐regularization was used to enforce CSF susceptibility homogeneity within the segmented region, with the averaged CSF susceptibility as the zero reference. This regularization for CSF homogeneity was added to the model used in a prior QSM method (morphology enabled dipole inversion [MEDI]). Therefore, the proposed method was referred to as MEDI+0 and compared with MEDI in a numerical simulation, in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, and in a reproducibility study in healthy subjects.

Results

In both the numerical simulations and in vivo experiments, MEDI+0 not only decreased the susceptibility variation within the ventricular CSF, but also suppressed the artifact near the lateral ventricles. In the simulation, MEDI+0 also provided more accurate quantification compared to MEDI in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, and internal capsule. MEDI+0 measurements of MS lesion susceptibility were in good agreement with those obtained by MEDI. Finally, both MEDI+0 and MEDI showed good and similar intrasubject reproducibility.

Conclusion

QSM with a minimal variation in ventricular CSF is viable to provide a consistent zero reference while improving image quality. Magn Reson Med 79:2795–2803, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Attitudes to personality disorder of staff working in high‐security and medium‐security hospitals
Authors: Beryl R. , Völlm B.
Published: October 2017

The discourse surrounding personality disorder is largely negative, and the diagnosis is considered to be associated with a degree of stigma. This study aimed to investigate staff attitudes towards personality disorder in high‐security and medium‐security forensic–psychiatric hospitals in the UK. The Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire was completed by 132 participants who were all current employees with clinical roles. Staff attitudes to personality disorder in the current study were significantly less positive than in comparable studies in similar settings. Having completed staff training surrounding personality disorder and being from a non‐nursing professional background were the best predictors of positive attitudes to personality disorder. The findings of this study offer support to the pursuit of improving access to training in personality disorder for those working with this clinical presentation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Horstman Anneke , Bemer Marian , Boutilier Kim
Published: October 2017

Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo‐ and meristem‐expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin‐modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone‐ and transcription‐factor‐induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo‐inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.
PrivAPP: An integrated approach for the design of privacy‐aware applications
Authors: Basso Tania , Montecchi Leonardo , Moraes Regina , Jino Mario , Bondavalli Andrea
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, personal information is collected, stored, and managed through web applications and services. Companies are interested in keeping such information private due to regulation laws and privacy concerns of customers. Furthermore, the reputation of a company can be dependent on privacy protection, ie, the more a company protects the privacy of its customers, the more credibility it gets. This paper proposes an integrated approach that relies on models and design tools to help in the analysis, design, and development of web applications and services with privacy concerns. Using the approach, these applications can be developed consistently with their privacy policies to enforce them, protecting personal information from different sources of privacy violation. The approach is composed of a conceptual model, a reference architecture, and a Unified Modified Language Profile, ie, an extension of the Unified Modified Language for including privacy protection. The idea is to systematize the privacy concepts in the scope of web applications and services, organizing the privacy domain knowledge and providing features and functionalities that must be addressed to protect the privacy of the users in the design and development of web applications. Validation has been performed by analyzing the ability of the approach to model privacy policies from real web applications and by applying it to a simple application example of an online bookstore. Results show that privacy protection can be implemented in a model‐based approach, bringing values for the stakeholders and being an important contribution toward improving the process of designing web applications in the privacy domain.
Seismic performance and response control of large‐scale and special structures
Authors: Li Hongnan , Li Gang , Lu Xilin
Published: October 2017

This special issue contains papers from the integrated project, Major Research Plan, entitled, “Integrated research on earthquake‐induced disaster evolution analysis of large‐scale building and bridge structures,” and is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The period of this project is 2.5 years, from July 2013 to December 2015. The papers address the latest research works on the design theory, test technique, and numerical simulation method for large‐scale and special structures under earthquakes.
Trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl (Cp′) Uranium Chemistry: Synthetic and Structural Studies of Cp′4U and Cp′3UX (X = Cl, I, Me)
Authors: Windorff Cory J. , MacDonald Matthew R. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J.
Published: October 2017

Cp′4U (Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3) was synthesized from: (a) KCp′ and [Cp′3U(THF)][BPh4]; (b) Cp′3U and Cp′2Pb; and (c) [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Cp′4U] and AgBPh4. The compound was identified by X‐ray crystallography as a rare example of a structurally‐characterized tetrakis(cyclopentadienyl)UIV complex. For comparison, the corresponding Th complex, Cp′4Th, was isolated from the direct combination of ThBr4(THF)4 with excess KCp′. During the preparation of Cp′3UMe, the precursor of the [Cp′3U(THF)][BPh4] reagent used above, it was discovered that the reaction of Cp′3UCl and MeLi gives a mixture of Cp′3UMe and Cp′3UCl that can co‐crystallize better than Cp′3UMe in pure form. The Cp′3UMe/Cp′3UCl mixture forms single crystals suitable for X‐ray crystallography and provides a new way to characterize the oil, Cp′3UMe. Cp′3UCl and Cp′3UI were also crystallographically characterized for comparison with the Cp′3UMe/Cp′3UCl crystals.
An Evaluation of the Role of Simulation Training for Teaching Surgical Skills in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Campain Nicholas J. , Kailavasan Mithun , Chalwe Mumba , Gobeze Aberra A. , Teferi Getaneh , Lane Robert , Biyani Chandra Shekhar
Published: October 2017

Background

An estimated 5 billion people worldwide lack access to any surgical care, whilst surgical conditions account for 11–30% of the global burden of disease. Maximizing the effectiveness of surgical training is imperative to improve access to safe and essential surgical care on a global scale. Innovative methods of surgical training have been used in sub‐Saharan Africa to attempt to improve the efficiency of training healthcare workers in surgery. Simulation training may have an important role in up‐scaling and improving the efficiency of surgical training and has been widely used in SSA. Though not intended to be a systematic review, the role of simulation for teaching surgical skills in Sub‐Saharan Africa was reviewed to assess the evidence for use and outcomes.

Methods

A systematic search strategy was used to retrieve relevant studies from electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, Medline for pertinent articles published until August 2016. Studies that reported the use of simulation‐based training for surgery in Africa were included.

Results

In all, 19 articles were included. A variety of innovative surgical training methods using simulation techniques were identified. Few studies reported any outcome data. Compared to the volume of surgical training initiatives that are known to take place in SSA, there is very limited good quality published evidence for the use of simulation training in this context.

Conclusions

Simulation training presents an excellent modality to enhance and improve both volume and access to high quality surgical skills training, alongside other learning domains. There is a desperate need to meticulously evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of simulation training in SSA, where simulation training could have a large potential beneficial impact. Training programs should attempt to assess and report learner outcomes.
The Utility of Local Anesthesia for Neurosurgical Interventions in a Low‐Resource Setting: A Case Series
Authors: Eaton Jessica , Hanif Asma Bilal , Mzumara Suzgisam , Charles Anthony
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Trauma is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, and injury to the central nervous system is the most common cause of death in these patients. While the provision of surgical services is being recognized as essential to global public health efforts, specialty areas such as neurosurgery remain overlooked.

Method

This is a retrospective case review of patients with operable lesions, such as extra‐axial hematomas and unstable depressed skull fractures that underwent neurosurgical interventions under local anesthesia.

Results

A total of 13 patients underwent neurosurgical intervention under local anesthesia. Two and three patients with burr hole decompression of epidural and subdural hematomas, respectively; seven patients had elevation of depressed skull fractures and lastly one patient had an aspiration of a brain abscess. All patients survived with and without residual neurological deficits.

Conclusion

Access to resources and staff required to deliver general anesthesia is challenging in resource‐poor settings. We have therefore begun performing emergent interventions under local anesthesia, with or without conscious sedation. While some patients had some minor residual weakness after the procedure, the degree of neurological deficit was improved from that observed before the procedure in all patients.
Transabdominal Pre‐Peritoneal Versus Open Repair for Primary Unilateral Inguinal Hernia: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu James J. , Way Joshua A. , Eslick Guy D. , Cox Michael R.
Published: October 2017

Background

Recent NICE guidelines recommend open surgical approaches for the treatment of primary unilateral inguinal hernias. However, many surgeons perform a laparoscopic approach based on the advantages of less post‐operative pain and faster recovery. Our aim was to examine current evidence comparing transabdominal pre‐peritoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic repair and open surgical repair for primary inguinal hernias.

Methods

A systematic search of six electronic databases was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TAPP and open repair for primary unilateral inguinal hernia. A random‐effects model was used to combine the data.

Results

A total of 13 RCTs were identified, with 1310 patients receiving TAPP repair and 1331 patients receiving open repair. There was no significant difference between the two groups for rates of haematoma (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.49–1.71; P = 0.78), seroma (RR 1.90; 95% CI 0.87–4.14; P = 0.10), urinary retention (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.36–2.76; P = 0.99), infection (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.29–1.28; P = 0.19), and hernia recurrence (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.42–1.07; P = 0.10). TAPP repair had a significantly lower rate of paraesthesia (RR 0.20; 95% CI 0.08–0.50; P = 0.0005), shorter bed stay (2.4 ± 1.4 vs 3.1 ± 1.6 days, P = 0.0006), and shorter return to normal activities (9.5 ± 7.9 vs 17.3 ± 8.4 days, P < 0.00001).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that TAPP repair did not have higher rate of morbidity or hernia recurrence and is an equivalent approach to open repair, with the advantages of faster recovery and reduced paraesthesia.
Estimating the Effects of Police Technology Using Quasi-Experimental Methods
Authors: Carr Jillian B.
Published: October 2017

Law enforcement agencies are adopting a variety of new surveillance technologies at a fast pace. These technologies could have substantial benefits in terms of public safety, but, for many of them, their ability to reduce crime is unknown. Although a small experimental literature addresses some of these technologies, many of the implementations have been too small to provide an accurate measurement of their potential. In this paper, I explore the advantages and make general suggestions about the use of quasi-experimental methodologies in estimating the public safety benefits of police technology. I also consider the specific case of license plate readers and provide some examples of difference-in-differences approaches that could be used to study their efficacy.
When leadership elicits voice: Evidence for a mediated moderation model
Authors: Jeung Chang-Wook , Yoon Hea Jun
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of humble and empowering leader behaviors on the prosocial voice of subordinates. We also investigate subordinate power distance orientation as a possible moderator of this relationship and subordinate psychological empowerment as the underlying mechanism behind this moderated effect. Findings from 306 employees of a Korean business conglomerate indicated that humble and empowering leadership were positively related to the prosocial voice of subordinates, and the moderation effects of subordinates’ power distance orientation between these two types of leader behaviors and subordinates’ prosocial voice were fully mediated by the extent to which they felt psychologically empowered. Our findings indicated that the moderation for the main effect between leadership and voice was caused by the significant moderating effect in the indirect path between two main variables via psychological empowerment. We conclude by highlighting implications for management practice and identifying avenues for future research.