bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO EM MATO GROSSO: VESTÍGIOS DA MATEMÁTICA NA CULTURA ESCOLAR
Authors: Stascovian Juliana , Marques Vasconcelos de Almeida Laura Isabel
Published: January 2020

Este artigo destaca a Pesquisa de Mestrado em Ensino do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade de Cuiabá em Ampla Associação com o Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, que faz um estudo sobre os conteúdos de Matemática publicados nas edições da Revista Educação em Mato Grosso que circulou entre 1978 a 1986 como instrumento de comunicação direta entre a Secretaria Estadual de Educação e as escolas públicas estaduais de ensino. Objetiva compreender o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática nas escolas primárias mato-grossenses por meio das matérias divulgadas na Revista com caráter eminentemente pedagógico. A abordagem metodológica centra-se na perspectiva histórico cultural, fundamentando-se nos autores: Bastos (2002, 2007), Biccas (2008), Catani (1996), Chartier (1990), Chervel (1990), Costa (2018), De Certeau (1982), Julia (2001), Rodrigues; Silva (2018), Santos (2017), Silva (2016). Os temas abordados pelo impresso são diversificados, contempla a legislação e sugestões para o trabalho docente, orienta como e quando desenvolver os conteúdos matemáticos, tornando-se veículo de formação dos professores.
A PRÁTICA DA MEDITAÇÃO MINDFULNESS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA FERRAMENTA PARA A PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE E COMPLEMENTAÇÃO ACADÊMICO-FORMATIVA DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Augusto Ribeiro Anderson , Terezinha Fernandes Cleonice , Martins Mourão Carvalhal Maria Isabel , Nascimento Edgar
Published: January 2020

Este estudo é um recorte da pesquisa, em nível de mestrado, “Influência de um programa de consciência corporal em estudantes do ensino médio”, que foi realizada no IFMT Campus Cuiabá – Bela Vista, cujo objetivo é verificar a influência da prática do mindfulness para a promoção da saúde e complementação acadêmico-formativa de adolescentes. Neste trabalho, evidenciaram-se resultados preliminares e as percepções dos estudantes acerca de tal prática na escola. De tipologia pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativo-quantitativa, o estudo se desenvolveu entre março e maio de 2019. Para a produção de dados, foram utilizados questionários e protocolos específicos da área da Educação Física, sendo tais instrumentos aplicados nas fases pré e pós-intervenções. O programa se efetivou com o desenvolvimento de vivências de mindfulness que promoviam uma profunda reflexão sobre o corpo-mente, ocorrendo na escola e nas residências de cada participante. Resultados preliminares demonstraram que após quatro seções presenciais, aliadas a oito semanas consecutivas de práticas de mindfulness domiciliar, foi possível verificar uma melhora na percepção e conduta que estes adolescentes tiveram para com os seus corpos e ações diárias. Por fim, pode-se considerar que tais vivências foram ferramentas essenciais para uma visão mais contextualizada, acerca da relevância das intervenções sistêmicas nos fatores biopsicossociais e acadêmico-formativos.
DAS CONVERSAS NAS NOITES ESTRELADAS DA ALDEIA PARA A SALA DE AULA: A LITERATURA ORAL INDÍGENA COMO FONTE PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS ADEQUADOS ÀS ESCOLAS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Silva e Silva Thiago
Published: January 2020

Este artigo analisa qualitativamente, considerando o arcabouço teórico de Munduruku (2014), Cascudo (2006), e dos Referenciais Curriculares Nacionais para as Escolas Indígenas, os resultados de uma oficina realizada, em 2018, com professores indígenas e não indígenas atuantes em aldeias Guajajara e Canela Ramkokamekrá, a qual propunha a produção de material diferenciado e a capacitação dos docentes para a adoção de metodologias que respeitassem os processos próprios de aprendizagem de cada comunidade. As análises indicam que a escola tem ajudado a cristalizar percepções infecundas sobre literatura e escrita, na medida em que desprestigia a oralidade. Por outro lado, observou-se também que as propostas metodológicas e os materiais construídos ao longo da oficina oferecem caminhos possíveis pelos quais a educação escolar indígena pode trilhar a fim de garantir um currículo intercultural, diversificado e diferenciado.
PERFIL E PRÁTICA DOCENTE DAS PROFESSORAS QUE ENSINAM CIÊNCIAS NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Alves Almeida Sheila
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o perfil e as atividades valorizadas pelas professoras que ensinam ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na cidade de Mariana-MG. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários distribuídos a 55 professoras de escolas públicas. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, apesar da grande maioria das professoras possuir curso superior e, portanto, ter frequentado disciplinas metodológicas sobre o ensino de ciências, o curso não influenciou suas práticas. Conclui-se que, embora as professoras não neguem a importância das aulas de Ciências, esse conhecimento não possui o mesmo status das aulas de português e matemática. Para as professoras pesquisadas, atividades experimentais como as realizadas nas aulas de Ciências não se constituem parte do cotidiano de suas práticas pedagógicas, embora não neguem a importância dessa disciplina.
INTERFACE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA E ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: O QUE RELATAM OS ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS?
Authors: Fatima Sant'Ana Camila de , Leal de Castro Denise
Published: January 2020

Alguns documentos de políticas educacionais apontam a necessidade de oferta de uma educação no ensino médio tendo como instrumento as tecnologias de informação e comunicação e estruturado na formação crítico-social do educando, além da cognitiva, para sua posterior participação na sociedade de forma a cooperar na resolução de problemas sociais. Esta pesquisa apresenta resultados de uma análise qualitativa categorizada realizada em artigos científicos que relatam experiências de atividades que fomentaram a alfabetização científica no ensino de Química auxiliada por tecnologias digitais. Para tal, foi realizada uma busca no portal de Periódicos Capes entre os períodos de 2011 a 2018, utilizando palavras-chaves específicas que convergiam com o objetivo dessa pesquisa. Objetivou-se identificar como estes professores procuraram atender as diretrizes indicadas nestes documentos de políticas educacionais brasileiras. Observou-se que os autores destes artigos analisados contextualizaram os conteúdos de Química com temas sociais diversos, seus objetivos de contribuir na formação crítica-reflexiva foram granjeados. Entretanto as tecnologias digitais utilizadas ainda são pouco diversificadas.
SABERES DOCENTES NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Maciel Cabral Hiléia Monteiro , Cabral da Silva Cirlande , Oliveira de Araujo Cleusa Suzana
Published: January 2020

Os saberes docentes são determinantes na atividade do professor. Diversos autores evidenciam os conhecimentos considerados necessários ao professor para saber ensinar, o que nos remete a uma formação inicial contextualizada e fundamentada, em que a prática pedagógica constitui ponto de partida para a compreensão dos fenômenos que ali se apresentam. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi compreender quais saberes docentes estão presentes nos licenciandos do curso de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Como metodologia de análise dos dados, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário com 20 licenciandos do curso de Ciências Biológicas. Os resultados desta pesquisa revelam a presença da identidade docente, os saberes experienciais e o processo de formação profissional. Dessa forma, a construção do conhecimento é o resultado do conjunto de etapas, que ocorre a todo momento durante a formação do professor.
ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA PARA ALUNOS SURDOS DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA: DESAFIOS NA PRÁTICA DOCENTE E DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: Cangussu de Abreu Cremilda Peres , Silva de Souza Henrique , Costa Faria Maria José , Cavalcante Rabelo Lucélia Cardoso , Neves Soares Narciso das
Published: January 2020

A presente pesquisa analisa se o professor de Biologia utiliza práticas pedagógicas com recursos e/ou estratégias metodológicas que propiciam um ensino inclusivo aos alunos surdos do 1º e 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública no município de Marabá-PA.  Fundamentou-se numa abordagem qualitativa utilizando Estudo de Caso com análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa foi realizada de março a dezembro de 2018, e os sujeitos foram um professor de biologia e três alunos surdos do ensino médio. Os resultados evidenciaram que a formação continuada do professor de Biologia requer atenção mais efetiva, na perspectiva do ensino inclusivo, possibilitando novos conhecimentos e inovações para ensinar o aluno surdo. A ausência do intérprete na sala de aula comum, compromete o desenvolvimento do aprendizado do aluno surdo, reafirmando a necessidade de políticas públicas mais eficazes que garantam condições para o aprendizado dos conceitos científicos aos alunos surdos.
ENSINO EM TEMPOS DE TDIC: PERCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: José Schuck Rogério , Edo Neuenfeldt Adriano , Goulart Lara Kalkmann
Published: January 2020

A presença das tecnologias digitais na sociedade contemporânea leva-nos a refletir sobre o ato de ensinar. Percebe-se que o uso de ferramentas digitais está presente não somente em sala de aula, mas nos mais diversos momentos e espaços da vida. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida numa Instituição de Ensino Superior, com objetivo de investigar como docentes de graduação têm ensinado em tempos digitais. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a docentes do Ensino Superior de uma instituição no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo, seguindo a perspectiva dos autores Tarouco (2003), Santaella (2014), Braga (2014) e Freire (2002). Resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os docentes buscam cada vez mais utilizar as ferramentas digitais em sala de aula, naturalizando a sua presença, tendo em vista serem instrumentos que fazem parte do cotidiano da vida dos envolvidos no processo.
NO RITMO DA MÚSICA: ANÁLISE DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM AULAS DE SOCIOLOGIA
Authors: Souza Vilela Correia Carolini de , Bortolanza Spessatto Marizete
Published: January 2020

A Sociologia, em diferentes contextos políticos da história brasileira, foi retirada de cena e sua presença na educação escolar ainda é frágil e ocupa papel de coadjuvante, na maioria das vezes ministrada por professores que não têm formação inicial em Ciências Sociais. A disciplina também enfrenta escassez de material didático. Nesse cenário, este trabalho visa partilhar uma experiência realizada com estudantes de duas turmas de terceiros anos do Ensino Médio da Rede Pública da Grande Florianópolis-SC. Através de uma sequência didática, aplicada durante desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como foco o uso da música como recurso metodológico, os estudantes assumiram o protagonismo. As produções desenvolvidas pelos alunos tiveram como temáticas o racismo, o machismo e a homofobia, gerando materiais que demonstram a articulação dos conhecimentos escolares às questões do cotidiano.
Mysteries of the Heavenly Spheres: Astrology and Magic
Authors: Edmonds III Radcliffe G.
Published: January 2020

This chapter studies astrology. The astronomical model of the cosmos described in astrology, with the divinities of the heavens proceeding in systematic and observable paths as they preside over the world of mortals, becomes one of the most important and widespread models for understanding the cosmos in the Greco-Roman world, starting with the Hellenistic period and increasingly so during the Roman Empire. Indeed, some form of this cosmological model appears almost everywhere in the Greco-Roman world in this time period, ranging from the most basic identification of traditional Greek and Roman gods with the visible planets to the most sophisticated and complicated systems detailed in the astrological manuals or Gnostic theologies. The most outstanding features of astrology that distinguish it from other forms of divination are its extreme complexity and systematicity. All forms of divination operate with a fixed matrix of signs and a random element of chance, but astrology works with a vast array of celestial signs, and the element of chance is limited to the moment of birth. While some of the multitude of uses of astrological ideas and images do not appear to be marked as abnormal or extraordinary, others bear the familiar stamp of strangeness that marks the practice as extraordinary, beyond the bounds of normal—magical.
The Faultless Die
Authors: Ossa-Richardson Anthony
Published: January 2020

This chapter addresses how readers argue over multiple meanings in Homer, as well as Alexander Pope's translation of the Iliad. The conflict over the ambiguities of the Iliad was a small part of a broader reckoning of Homer, which itself was only the battle, not the war. The exchanges detailed here reveal less about the culture of Homeric scholarship than about the hermeneutic moves available to neoclassical critics with a shared canon of linguistic assumptions—a canon subtending the many differences between, say, the Ancients and Moderns. Ambiguity is here an artifice manipulated in a variety of ways to negotiate the text. Pope had his own, nuanced relationship to the ambiguities of the Iliad. It has long been argued that he misses the feel and tone of Homer's epic, and certain celebrity responses to this effect—from the dismissive to the thoughtful—have become canonical. However, one of Pope's merits is that he consistently brings out the poem's double meanings, often by giving both possible senses of a phrase or line in either parataxis or hypotaxis.
Ambiguities of Type
Authors: Ossa-Richardson Anthony
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes how the reading of secular poets like Homer and Vergil came to chime with an ongoing debate about the possibility of double senses—and therefore ambiguity—in Old Testament prophecy. It centres on the mid-eighteenth-century figures William Warburton and George Benson. According to earlier Protestant scholars, every passage in the Bible must have one and only one literal sense—that intended by the writer—and some Hebrew prophecies referred literally to Jesus. However, others had a literal fulfilment in the prophet's own era, as well as a mystical sense ratified by a citation in the New Testament. Whereas Catholic scholars in the tradition of Nicholas of Lyra described both meanings of such passages as ‘literal’, most Protestants maintained that the prophetic one was mystical or spiritual. In any event, it was precisely such additional mystical senses that set Scripture apart from other kinds of text. The chapter then considers how, in the 1760s, German scholars—keen readers of Benson and other English theologians—began to reach a rationalist consensus on the unitary sense of prophecy.
King’s Men and the Stationary Bandit
Authors: Terpstra Taco
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines mid-third-century BCE Syria-Palestine, an area ruled by the Ptolemies at the time. As in all Hellenistic states, the power structure of the Ptolemaic kingdom was strongly personalized. A small number of state actors surrounding the king were allowed access to agricultural surplus, making them influential men politically and economically. Moreover, the process by which the ruling elite negotiated power through conspicuous consumption, diplomatic tokens, and gift-giving drove the wheels of an expanding economy of long-distance trade in both luxury goods and agricultural staples. The chapter then considers the activities of a certain Zenon, who was an agent of the Ptolemaic finance minister Apollonios. By tracing the activities of these men, one can analyze how—as a public official—Apollonios managed the Ptolemaic overseas territory of Syria-Palestine. Ultimately, the Ptolemaic state that Apollonios served provided public goods, including a banking system and a public-order apparatus.
Economic Trust and Religious Violence
Authors: Terpstra Taco
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the changing world of the fourth century CE, a time of social ferment heightened by the Roman emperors' adoption of Christianity as a religion of state. Although this shift followed a turn toward forced religious centralization initiated by the emperors during the crisis of the third century, the choice for Christianity represented a momentous departure from Roman tradition. The intolerance and violence it engendered upset the equilibrium of Mediterranean diaspora trade, producing an institutional shock. Indeed, religion played a prominent role in how diaspora groups operated. Through the worship of their native gods, group members remained distinct from their hosts and connected to their place of origin, both necessary ingredients for successful intercommunity trade. Equally important, acts of religious devotion signaled commitment and loyalty to the group, encouraged collective action against defectors, and fostered economic trust and collaborative behavior. However, this complex system of socioeconomic interaction came under pressure when emperors began legislating against pagan cults.
Legacies of 1959
Authors: Miller-Davenport Sarah
Published: January 2020

This concluding chapter explores how multiculturalism has been understood and deployed, both within Hawaiʻi as well as the rest of the United States. In whatever form it takes, multiculturalism is a fundamentally unstable and conflicted concept. Distilled to its most basic elements, it poses a challenge to any kind of universalism that purports to speak for all members of a heterogeneous community. At the same time, however, multiculturalism is often seen as a means of accommodating difference within a defined community or political structure, be it a nation, city, or university. It is this tension, between universalism and particularism, that animates multiculturalist discourse, evoking the dilemma between national consensus and respect for minority opinion that is a defining feature of American democracy. But the lauding of minority perspectives that multiculturalism entails has been less a solution to the problem of social difference than an indirect acknowledgment of it.
Definitions—Background
Authors: Garoche Pierre-Loïc
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents the formalisms describing discrete dynamical systems and gives an overview on the convex optimization tools and methods used to compute the analyses. A dynamical system is a typical object used in control systems or in signal processing. In some cases, it is eventually implemented in a program to perform the desired feedback control to a cyber-physical system. Language-wise, model-based languages such as LUSTRE, ANSYS SCADE, or MATLAB Simulink provide primitives to build these dynamical systems or controllers relying on simpler constructs. In terms of programs, such dynamical systems can easily be implemented as a “while true loop” initialized by the initial state and performing the update f. The simplest systems are usually directly coded in the target language, while more advanced systems are compiled through autocoders.
Community
Authors: Hoffnung-Garskof Jesse E.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the immigrant social network—the community—within which the unusual intellectual projects and political alliances created by Rafael Serra, the Bonillas, Sotero Figueroa, and José Martí took shape. It traces the origins of this community by taking up more of the radial lines that intersected at La Liga, particularly the story of a man named Germán Sandoval. Sandoval was a cornerstone of the community out of which La Liga emerged. From there, the chapter considers the experiences of Sandoval and fellow Cubans of African descent in “migrating while black.” The challenge for the Sandovals and other early settlers lay precisely in determining who was a friend and who was a countryman. The solutions that they found to this problem—including turning sometimes to African Americans, sometimes to white Cubans, and sometimes only to one another—are crucial to understanding the emergence of the community that would later coalesce around Serra, the Bonillas, and Martíin the evening activities at La Liga.
Crossing
Authors: Hoffnung-Garskof Jesse E.
Published: January 2020

This chapter illustrates the contradictory backdrop against which José Martí's supporters constructed the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Together, members of the party worked to ensure that in a literal sense, there was no separation into black and white political clubs, or artisan and professional clubs. Several clubs were composed mainly of white cigar makers, with almost no overlap with the membership of La Liga. In addition, there were the clubs associated with La Liga, led by men of color. The chapter reveals that the movement continued to operate against a backdrop in which racial separation, while not absolute, was a regular feature of Cuban social and now political life. Nevertheless, it seems clear that independent organizing was still necessary to mobilize these diverse constituents and to promote diverse leaders, perhaps especially men of color, to positions on the party's Advisory Councils. The fact that some men of color, elected by their own supporters (ideally, including some white workers), occupied a place of honor each time that the party gathered was crucial to the argument that the movement was both unified in common purpose and sincerely democratic.
Victory?
Authors: Hoffnung-Garskof Jesse E.
Published: January 2020

This chapter shows how a concert held on the West Side of Manhattan on New Year's Day 1897 served to unite and mobilize the networks that Rafael Serra and his allies had built over two decades. This was conducted in defense of a struggle against all privileges, and to celebrate, in the name of democracy and patriotic unity, the loyalty of that group to the party leader. As the war unfolded in Cuba, Figueroa and Serra engaged in a war of position, picking their near-term battles carefully in order to situate themselves advantageously for the coming struggle to preserve democratic values within the Cuban republic and for the political competitions that would follow. Supported by the men and women who gathered in the concert hall on New Year's Day, they were emerged victorious in one of the few open maneuvers in this long-simmering conflict. This chapter shows that the fact that Serra and Figueroa could still effectively maneuver within the Cuban Revolutionary Party, even after the death of Martí, sheds clear light on one of the major questions posed by this book. In short, the chapter considers what lasting impact the conflicts and alliances created within the Cuban Revolutionary Party in New York had on the evolution of Cuban politics after independence.
Relation to Beilinson-Lichtenbaum
Authors: Haesemeyer Christian , Weibel Charles A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter show how the Beilinson–Lichtenbaum condition is equivalent to the assertion that the norm residue is an isomorphism. A diagram featuring this proof is also included. The chapter first proves the reductions introduced in the previous chapter, BL(n) and H90(n), arguing that if BL(n) holds then BL(n − 1) holds and that H90(n) implies H90(n − 1). Next, the chapter turns to the cohomology of singular varieties, cohomology with supports, and rationally contractible presheaves. From there, it argues that Bloch–Kato implies Beilinson–Lichtenbaum and concludes the theorems by proving that H90(n) implies BL(n). The chapter concludes with some historical notes.
Motives over S
Authors: Haesemeyer Christian , Weibel Charles A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter shows that the operation φ‎
𝑉 of the definition introduced in the previous chapter extends to a cohomology operation over 𝑘, and that it satisfies the recognition criterion of a theorem, so that φ‎
𝑉 must be β‎𝑃𝑏. This construction of the cohomology operation utilizes the machinery of motives over a simplicial noetherian scheme. The chapter first presents this scheme in three parts, initially summarizing the basic theory of motives over a scheme 𝑆 before discussing motives over a simplicial scheme and over a smooth simplicial scheme. It then presents the slice filtration and generalizes from simplicial scheme 𝔛 to embedded schemes. Finally, this chapter defines the operations φ‎
𝑖 and φ‎
𝑉.
Degree Formulas
Authors: Haesemeyer Christian , Weibel Charles A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter uses algebraic cobordism to establish some degree formulas. It presents δ‎ as a function from a class of smooth projective varieties over a field 𝑘 to some abelian group. Here, a degree formula for δ‎ is a formula relating δ‎(𝑋), δ‎(𝑌), and deg(𝑓) for any generically finite map 𝑓 : 𝑌 → 𝑋 in this class. The formula is usually δ‎(𝑌)=deg(𝑓)δ‎(𝑋). These degree formulas are used to prove that any norm variety over 𝑘 is a ν‎
n−1-variety. Using a standard result for the complex bordism ring 𝑀𝑈*, which uses a gluing argument of equivariant bordism theory, this chapter establishes Rost's DN (Degree and Norm Principle) Theorem for degrees, and defines the invariant η‎(𝑋/𝑆) of a pseudo-Galois cover.
Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation
Authors: Andersen Ken H.
Published: January 2020

Fish are one of the most important global food sources, supplying a significant share of the world's protein consumption. From stocks of wild Alaskan salmon and North Sea cod to entire fish communities with myriad species, fisheries require careful management to ensure that stocks remain productive, and mathematical models are essential tools for doing so. This book is an introduction to the modern size- and trait-based approach to fish populations and communities. It covers the theoretical foundations, mathematical formulations, and real-world applications of this powerful new modeling method, which is grounded in the latest ecological theory and population biology. It begins with fundamental assumptions on the level of individuals and goes on to cover population demography and fisheries impact assessments. The book shows how size- and trait-based models shed new light on familiar fisheries concepts such as maximum sustainable yield and fisheries selectivity—insights that classic age-based theory can't provide—and develops novel evolutionary impacts of fishing. It extends the theory to entire fish communities and uses it to support the ecosystem approach to fisheries management, and forges critical links between trait-based methods and evolutionary ecology. The book unifies the thinking in ecology and fisheries science and is an indispensable reference for anyone seeking to apply size- and trait-based models to fish demography, fisheries impact assessments, and fish evolutionary ecology.
Nothing as Practical as a Good Theory
Authors: Andersen Ken H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides some context on the overall themes and theory of this volume. Throughout, the theory is applied to relevant problems in fisheries science: impact of fishing on demography, fisheries reference points, evolutionary impact assessments, stock recovery, ecosystem-based fisheries management, and so on, as well as to basic ecological and evolutionary questions. The chapter begins by addressing the motivations for a new theory of fish stocks and fish communities. It also considers what problems such a theory should address and how such a theory can be formulated. From here, the chapter discusses what makes a good theory and the peculiar challenges fish ecology represents.
Community Effects of Fishing
Authors: Andersen Ken H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter uses the community model to repeat many of the classic impact calculations of a single stock on the entire community. Here, a focus is the appearance of trophic cascades initiated by the removal of large predators. When a component of an ecosystem is perturbed, the effects are not isolated to the component itself but cascade through the ecosystem. Perturbations are mainly propagated through the predator–prey interactions. The chapter also considers the trade-offs between a forage fishery and a consumer fishery, and the extension of the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) concept to the community, before finally returning to the single-stock aspects.
Mainstreaming Disability in Water and Sanitation Programmes in Madziwa Community (Shamva District, Zimbabwe): A
Authors: Tom Tom , Munemo Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyse the extent to which disability has been mainstreamed in water and sanitation programmes that were implemented by both state and non-state actors in Madziwa community under Shamva district in Zimbabwe. Enhancing the wellbeing of people living with disability in relation to water and sanitation was the overarching aim of the study. The researchers applied the Transformative Social Policy conceptual framework. This conceptual framework emphasises that social policy programmes and projects should be protective, preventive, promotive and transformative. Water and sanitation programmes are components of social policy in Zimbabwe. An analytical research design based primarily on qualitative research methods was applied. The researchers aimed to go beyond statistics on geographical and population coverage, which often shrouds the situated meanings and lived experiences of the often marginalised groups such as people living with disabilities. This focus inclined itself to qualitative data collection and analysis. The results of the study show that disability was never considered in designing and implementing water and sanitation programmes. There is need to design and implement disabilityfriendly water and sanitation programmes in Madziwa community and other parts of Zimbabwe to enhance the wellbeing of people living with disabilities.
Contracting and Behavioural Practices in State Owned Enterprises in Uganda
Authors: Kutosi Ayub Masaba , Moses Muhwezi , Eya Sarah
Published: January 2020

Public procurement regulations in Uganda were initiated among other objectives; to ensure accountability, transparency and value for money in all public procurement activities. Despite the presence and application of these regulations, State Owned Enterprises have continued to face challenges in contracting for works, goods and services. Evidence shows that most procurement contracts are never fulfilled because of mal practices and high transaction costs. This study sought to examine whether contracting impacted behavioural practices in procurement performance of Ugandaâ€™s State Owned Enterprises.

The study mainly employed quantitative research methods, in the process of research instrument design, data collection, analysis and presentation. The study sample consisted of 160 employees picked from 20 State Owned Enterprises in Kampala and Entebbe districts of Uganda. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, sorted and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results reveal a positive and significant relationship exists between contracting and behavioural practices (r =.353**, p<.01). Further, the regression model indicates that contracting significantly predicts Behavioural practices in State Owned Enterprises (Beta=.763, Sig. =.000).

For improved performance, State Owned Enterprises should clearly set their contract objectives to guide all those involved in the contracting process. There should be key deliverables in those objectives, which should be communicated to the relevant stakeholders.

Further, staff on the contracting team should be selected on merit. This is very important in order to avoid biased selection of contracting teams â€“ even when some of these people do not have the required experience and expertise. This is very important because service providers can exploit such a team to their benefit once they realize that the team is weak and vulnerable.
Cash Flow Management and Sustainability of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Northern Uganda
Authors: Uwonda Gilbert , Okello Nelson
Published: January 2020

In Uganda SMEs are viewed as seedbeds for growth of new firms and vehicles for poverty reduction. Deterioration in growth and failures in SMEs have been linked to poor cash flow management, This study sought to examine how cash flow management influences sustainability SMEs in Northern Uganda. The research adapted a cross sectional study. A sample of 120- SMEs was selected using stratified sampling. Self administered questionnaires, designed for this study, were filled in by SME managers and the data analyzed using frequency tables, custom tables, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Logistic Regression.

The study revealed limited application of cash flow management by SMEs in Northern Uganda, especially cash flow projection; tax planning; budgetary control and interpreting financial statements. As a result the study noted that most SMEs had declining levels of long-term solvency and growth. Finally the study established that cash flow control and monitoring had significant influence on the sustainability of SMEs.
Investigation of Herbicides Presence in Surface Waters in Obubra Town, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: C. I. Obia, , J. A. Ogwuche, , J. S. Alao,
Published: January 2020

Of all activities that greatly pollute surface water, agricultural inputs such as insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers are most worrisome. Investigation of the presence and nature of herbicides in surface waters in Obubra Town, Cross River State, Niger ia was carried out from July, 2014 to February, 2015. Water samples were collected bimonthly from four perennial surface water bodies; one river and three streams. Nine parent herbicidal active ingredients; atrazine, dalapon, simazine, glyphosate, butachlor, mecoprop, 2,4-D, picloram, alachlor and one insecticide; methoxychlor were discovered in all the water samples investigated after extraction using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all the herbicides and residues discovered in this study showed marked significant variations across the study period, season of sample collection and sites of sample collection at p â‰¤ 0.05; except for methoxychlor insecticide. The analysis also showed that in the season o f samples collection all the herbicides showed higher values in the wet than in the dry season. The study also revealed that the surface waters investigated in this study contained herbicide properties (except picloram) above the recommended limits of the WHO for drinking water and are therefore not fit for drinking. The study therefore recommends proper treatment before using the water, especially for drinking and household activities.
Construction of Normalization Implementation Mechanism of Integrative Practical Activities in Rural-village School
Authors: Shang-zhi ZOU , Lei WANG
Published: January 2020

Integrative Practical Activities Curriculum (IPAC) is a new opened compulsory course in primary and middle school. The questionnaire on 101 IPAC teachers in 70 rural primary schools of Chongqing reveals the main problems of normalization on course implementation. The main problems are low emphasis, unclear teaching concept, unconformable teacher quality and imperfect course support system. The normalization on IPAC implementation is a systematic project in rural schools. It is suggested that scientific course policy is the premise, with right realization as the foundation, construction of teaching staff as the key point, support system serves as the guarantee, school advantages as the emphasis and core of course and student development. The excellent operating mechanism needs the cooperation of government education executive department, local government, community and school; each performs its own functions.
The Effects of Occupational Stress and Emotional Intelligence on Individual Happiness â€“ Causal Analysis
Authors: Pahuja Dr Yogesh , Khan Dr. S. M. , Pestonjee Prof. D.M.
Published: January 2020

This paper provides causal evidence on the extent to which role of occupational stress and emotional intelligence as exogenous variables of individual happiness for employees of manufacturing and service sectors in India. Structural Equation Modeling was used to assess the fit of models that proposes: inter role distance, role expectation conflict & role ambiguity through emotional intelligence (overall and commitment, altruistic behaviour & value orientation) critical significant exogenous variables of individual happiness. Total and indirect effects were also estimated for the models. The models provided a good fit for both sets of manifest variables. Our results indicate that occupational stress through emotional intelligence has direct and indirect effects on individual happiness and significantly large percent of variance explained by the models.
â€œSemi-fretless Guitar Invention and Method Writingâ€
Authors: SENALP Togay
Published: January 2020

Semi-fretless guitar is a new invention that let musician play the tonal and makam music with only one instrument. This invention that we propose is constructed on an organology and ethno-organology of chordophones played by strumming. In fact the invention has no need to be limited by guitar because the specialty of the invention is on his fret system so it can be done in all chordophones with fretboard/fingerboard. In the other hand it is better to start to work on the invention by limitation of instrument and model for optimization of capacity of being achieved. It would be good to clarify the essential instruments who gave the inspiration for the production of semi-fretless guitar; the guitar from the western culture with tonal music and the oud from the eastern culture with makam music. It is very important to prepare a multiculturally rich method of this guitar firstly in English with tonal and makam references.
An Empirical Study of Chinese Listed Real Estate Companiesâ€™ Operating Efficiency
Authors: Tan Li , Deng Hua
Published: January 2020

The operation efficiency of listed Chinese real estate companies from 2006 to 2013 are evaluated by utilizing data envelopment analysis method. The results are compared under the criteria of the organization form, the length of listed time, and the company location. Constructive suggestions are given eventually.
Vicarious Traumatization among Professional Caregivers and Support Staff in Selected Hospices in Kenya
Authors: Musili Phelista Marura , Sirera Ann Merecia , Kathungu Beatrice M.
Published: January 2020

Hospice workers are constantly exposed to the trauma experienced by the clients they interact with daily in their work settings. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of vicarious trauma (VT) among the hospice caregivers in selected hospices in Kenya. A tool adapted from Vicarious Trauma Scale was utilized to assess prevalence and levels of vicarious trauma among the participants. A brief questionnaire was also was used to obtain demographic information of the participants. A total of 70 male and female staff in the various occupations and positions within the hospices were included in the study. Data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed a VT prevalence rate of 67% among hospice workers. The findings showed that vicarious trauma is a real threat to care givers working in hospices. The study recommended that there is need to educate caregivers about the existence and possible risk factors of vicarious trauma. These findings offer valuable information for developing staff competencies in the workplace and ensure appropriate intervention as well as practitioner support programs.
REIT and its Future in India
Authors: D Sangeetha
Published: January 2020

Investment is a positive connection to the future world and life of many people. The knowledge about investment among investors is highly increasing nowadays because of the increase in financial literacy through self development and government Financial Inclusion Programs. This has yield to the emergence of many investment products in India and across the world, one such product which recently got emerged in India is REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust). Most of the Advantages and disadvantages of Real Estate Investment gets added to this but still because of its nature it varies from the actual real estate investment. It had shown progressive growth in many countries in the past decades but its growth and progress is unpredictable in India because of various reasons like it is a new product, economic and financial conditions in India is entirely varied from other nations. So this paper will provide a broad description about REIT across the world and in India.
Export Performance of Emerging Market Economy during Global Crisis Period
Authors: Chatterjee Pritam
Published: January 2020

In terms of economic development, it makes a difference whether export increases at the extensive (new trade flows) or intensive margin (traditional, well-established trade flows).Global Economic Crisis,starting from US, then Europe,really started to showing its effect on 2008.Not only the GDP declines,but also world trade declines rapidly.There are two types of trade margins-1)Extensive and 2)Intensive . This paper seeks to determine whether the recent decline in international trade has affected relatively more trade at the extensive margin or at the intensive margin..Time period is 2003-2012,from these,2003-2007 is the pre crisis period and 2008-2012 is the crisis and post crisis period. The overall results indicate that the economic crisis of 2008 and 2009 has had more severe implications for those bilateral trade flows that did not exist before 2006. The analysis is done for Emerging Market Economies as EMEs are fastest growing economy.
Analisis de los Costos de ProducciÃ³n y Rentabilidad del Cultivo de CafÃ© (coffea spp) en la Region Amazonica del Ecuador
Authors: Macias Sandra Cecilia MuÃ±oz
Published: January 2020

Coffee is considered to be the second commodity marketed in the world after oil, due to the fact that it is the most consumed commercial infusion globally, the present investigation was designed with the objective of publicizing the Costs of Production and Profitability of Coffee Growing (Coffea spp) in the Amazon Region of Ecuador. In the Province of Sucumbios where there are 7,898 Agricultural Production Units (UPAS) distributed in the cantons of Lago Agrio, Shushufindi, CÃ¡scales, Cuyabeno, Putumayo. The methodology used for the development was inductive deductive, in addition direct observations were made in the
Music and Sculpture, a Panacea for Combating Unemployment in Nigeria
Authors: Nnamani Dr Sunday N. , Nnamele Dr. Casmir N.
Published: January 2020

In contemporary Nigeria, a large number of graduates are turned out from the different tertiary institutions of higher learning every year. The fact is that such graduates while in the school believe that they will be out of school rigour on graduation and will soon start life as soon as they are gainfully employed. But such dreams are in most cases shattered by the non-availability of jobs for such graduates. In the light of this, a good number of people who are graduates from the different higher institutions in Nigeria roam the streets in search of non-existing jobs. This paper deals with speciality areas of music and sculpture, the advantages and benefits inherent in these areas and their roles in generating employment with the major components highlighted. For Nigeria to attain the employment generation level of the post MDGs, there is a need to put in place vocational trainings that would enhance the right input of highly skilled human resources in music and sculpture to feed the labour market for the overall growth and development of the nation.
Targeting Inflation and Exchange Rate Management in Tunisia Before and After the Revolution
Authors: Romdhane Yousra Ben , Loukil Sahar , Kammoun Souhaila
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the dynamic links between the exchange rate and inflation in Tunisia, using annual data during the 1984/2016 period. First, we implement a unit root analysis to test stationarity. This study makes use of both primary and secondary data and VAR Granger Causality/Block Erogeneity Wald Tests were adopted as estimation techniques. Granger causality results revealed that there is a unidirectional causal link between inflation and the exchange rates running from inflation to the exchange rates and that these exchange rates have no impact on inflation. This study provides some implications regarding potential constraints on the monetary policy. A policy of inflation targeting, as an alternative monetary policy, combined with a compatible regime of flexible exchange rates could provide a solution to this dilemma.
Chancery: The Symbolic Monster and Contageous Disease Affecting Every Facet of Life - A Case of Dickensâ€™ Bleak House
Authors: Peter Aringo-Bizimaana
Published: January 2020

This article first explores the key technique that sets the tone and mood of the whole novel: the symbolic setting. We then explain what is symbolic about the bleakness of London weather and terrain by examining Dickensâ€™ thematic disclosure that will comprise examining : the symbolic setting of the novel (London); Chancery as a symbol of individualism, corruption and deception (discussed using corrupt lawyers); Chancery as symbol of incompetence and irresponsibility; Chancery as disease; Chancery as the disease of poverty and disillusionment (breeding class differences and causing family disintegration); and, finally, Chancery as a destroyer of religion.
Examining the Role of Facebook in the Dissemination of Hate Messages over the Agitation for Biafra in Ikeja, Lagos
Authors: U. Ogbu S. , Festus Olupohunda Bayo
Published: January 2020

In Nigeria, during the agitation for Biafra by the Nnamdi Kanu-led Indigenous People of Biafra between 2013 and 2017, the role of Facebook in the dissemination of hate messages by the protagonists and those in opposition to the agitation raised concern about the role of social media as a tool for the spread of hate messages. It is against this background that this research was designed to evaluate the role of Facebook in the spread of hate messages over the agitation for the separate state of Biafra. The study adopted the exploratory design and the mix method approach; both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. For the quantitative data, 400 questionnaires were administered on purposively sampled respondents. The surveys were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency distribution. Also, content analysis of some purposively selected Facebook messages was carried out. In the end, the research found that hate messages were propagated through Facebook using six major channels during the agitation for Biafra between 2013 and 2017. They include; Facebook Personal Profiles, Status Updates and Wall Postings, Facebook Group Chats, Facebook Video Uploads, Individual Comments and Likes, Video Shares and Reposts, and sharing of articles and links to other social media platforms. In line with its findings, the research recommended that Facebook should review its community standards and policies on postings of hate messages through its medium and also strengthen its regulatory mechanisms to ensure that it does not provide a platform anymore for propagators of hate messages in Nigeria and around the world.