bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISONS OF THE NICKEL ALLOYS VZH172 AND VZHL21 REFERENCE MATERIALS KITS USING THE AES ICP METHOD
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Dvoretskov R.M. , Slavin А.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Karachevtsev F.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Zagvozdkina Т.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: November 2021

The procedure for comparing the kits of reference materials of nickel alloys VZh172 and VZhL21 is considered. Using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for analytical lines of elements Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, Zr, Fe, Mn, calibration characteristics were constructed using by two kits of reference materials VZh172 and VZhL21. According to statistical criteria an assessment is made of the possibility of joint use of the kits when constructing general calibration characteristics using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for the simultaneous determination of elements Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, Fe, Mn in nickel alloys.
FEATURES OF HARDENING OF WIDE CLADDING SHEETS FROM V95p.ch. ALUMINUM ALLOY ON A CONTINUOUS HEAT TREATMENT LINE
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Nechaykina T.A. , Oglodkov M.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Ivanov A.L. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kozlova O.Yu. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Yakovlev S.I. ,   OJSC «Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant», Shlyapnikov M.A. ,   OJSC «Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant»
Published: November 2021

The features of quenching on the line of continuous heat treatment (CHT) of wide (2400 mm wide) cladding sheets made of high-strength aluminum alloy B95p.ch. are given. The investigations of the structure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in tension at different temperatures shown that the technology of heat treatment, including hardening on the CHT line and subsequent artificial two-stage aging according to the T2 modes of sheets, made it possible to provide a uniform characteristic structure, the surface quality and level of mechanical properties necessary for sheathing sheets along the width of the sheet and in different directions of rolling that meets the requirements of the aviation industry standard.
FEATURES OF REPAIR OF WELDED STRUCTURES OF LARGE THICKNESSES FROM TITANIUM ALLOY VT6ch.
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Sviridov A.V. , Gribkov М.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: November 2021

The technology of electron-beam welding (EBW) of structures of large thickness made of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V has been developed. A complex of metallographic studies of welded samples has been carried out. Tests to determine the mechanical characteristics of repair welded joints, that these joints made by EBW are equal in strength to the base material. The analysis of the level of residual stresses in various parts of the welded joint after repeated repair passes has been carried out. It was found that the subsequent vacuum annealing reduces the level of residual stresses in welded joints to 50 %. The analysis of the elemental composition showed that the elemental composition of the samples from the center of the weld to the base metal practically does not change for welding with the number of repeated passes up to 3.
MATERIALS BASED ON PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS OF RESOL AND NOVOLAC TIPES (review). Part 2
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Zastrogina O.B. , Sinyakov S.D. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Serkova E.А. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: November 2021

Describes compositions based on a mixture of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers of the resole and novolac types, used to create foams, laminated plastics for electrical purposes, friction materials, press compositions, sealing putties, as well as for vulcanization of rubbers. Detailed information on the composition and physicochemical properties of the compositions and their technological characteristics are given. The main advantages of resole-novolac materials are shown: strength, heat resistance, reduced flammability, low moisture absorption, good dielectric properties.
The Covid-19 Epidemic in Serbia – the Challenges of Finding an Appropriate Basis for Responding to a Health Crisis
Authors: Nikolić Popadić Sofija , Milenković Marko , Sjeničić Marta
Published: November 2021

Abstract The World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 pandemic on 11 March, 2020. Serbia declared a State of Emergency (SoE) on 15 March, just days after the country’s first official case, part of an unprecedented global wave of emergency responses, with states reacting differently to the threat of the virus. Decision makers in Serbia opted to declare a SoE, followed by a series of governmental decrees and ministerial orders. This paper examines the Serbian government’s initial response. The legislation in force in March 2020 is analysed to explore what possibilities and instruments could have been used, with particular focus on legislation regarding infectious diseases and disaster responses, which allowed for the declaration of an emergency situation, and the introduction of legitimate restrictions to fight the outbreak. The paper concludes that the full potential of all available measures and instruments was not exhausted, especially regarding legislation relating to an emergency situation.
Violations of the Right to Health due to Limited Access to Protection of Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Croatia and Possible Legal ImplicationsL
Authors: Mišić Radanović Nina
Published: November 2021

The battle against the COVID-19 pandemic is still the most important problem and a great challenge for the overburdened health system in the Republic of Croatia. This paper examines the research into how violations of humans’ right to health occurred due to the inaccessibility to health protection for uninfected persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research implemented showed that a system of anti-epidemic measures which completely suspended or significantly reduced the possibility to access primary and hospital health care, stopped preventive programs of cancer detection. Much medical research has already revealed the possible harmful effects to people's health in the increase in cases of the contraction of and death from cancer and other serious illnesses, particularly in relation to certain vulnerable groups for example, women and oncology patients. The author concludes that the right to access protection of health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Croatia was significantly limited and analyzes possible legal consequences which could occur due to the suspension or limitation to the right to access health care as a violation of the right to health.
Tackling the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Economy and Labour – a Case Studey of Serbia Regulation
Authors: Sovilj Ranko P. , Stojković Zlatanović Sanja N.
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with the foundation of policy and legal national framework addresses, particularly, the adequacy of state measures in the areas of economy and labour as a response to Covid-19 pandemic. The aim is, by analyzing recent soft law documents of international organizations and the introduced models of comparative policy practices, to make critical considerations regarding the policy responses in the crises conducted by the Serbian Government. The human-centered, holistic, and integrated approach had been applied accompanied by the legal normative and comparative methods. Putting the current Serbian regulation in the context of the international area of policy emergency response, the territorial approach has been determined as most applicable, accompanied by the spatial coverage to the most vulnerable sectors. Government stimulation policy in the area of economy and employment in the Covid-19 crisis must be based on the rapid and reliable assessment of the impact of a lockdown or trade and job restrictions as on medium to longer-term recovery strategies of trade and employment. The principle of global and national solidarity, public-private partnership are core elements that need to be incorporated in the legal framework to tackle the impact of the Covid-19 pandemics in the economy and labour.
Measures Introduced in the Slovak Republic in Response to the Public Health Crisis Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Capíková Silvia , Burda Eduard , Nováková Mária
Published: November 2021

The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic outbreak in the Slovak Republic in March 2020 required rapid legal response to protect lives and health of inhabitants and new complex challenges emerged. The objective of this paper is an analysis and critical assessment of measures adopted in the field of health law. As most significant problem fields in Slovakia arose: 1/ Legality and hierarchy of measures limiting everyday life and exercise of citizen rights and freedoms; 2/ the scope, proportionality, extent and duration of measures; 3/ adherence to the measures by the public and law enforcement issues. The pandemic unraveled need to innovate the legal framework of contagious diseases control, for example, constitutional emergency regimen, or powers of the Public Health Authority. Established rule of law framework served to safeguarding against some disproportionate or unwanted effects of anti-pandemic measures, however, future development of more sophisticated legal tools to control the pandemic is needed.
Compulsory Vaccinations against Covid-19 versus the Right to Respect for Private Life
Authors: Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

The development and marketing authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines has given the authorities a much-anticipated instrument to fight a pandemic. At the same time, however, for the extinction of the epidemic to become real, according to epidemiologists' estimates, the threshold of herd immunity must reach the value of 50-70 percent. To ensure mass vaccination, it should be considered whether a compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 would be an acceptable solution. It is a sensitive issue in the context of the right to self-determination, guaranteed both in Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights, as well as most modern constitutions. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 could be the next step in the fight against the pandemic. In particular, whether the current approach of the ECHR and national courts to compulsory vaccination can be considered adequate in relation to COVID-19 vaccines with a conditional marketing authorisation.
Extraordinary Measures in Extraordinary Times: Legal Response to the COVID-19 Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Milinković Igor
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected all aspects of people’s daily lives. In response to the pandemic, many countries declared a state of emergency. Extraordinary measures have been implemented to reduce the spread of the new coronavirus. Some of these measures require significant restrictions of fundamental rights and freedoms, such as the right to privacy, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, freedom of expression, religious freedoms etc. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the BiH and entity authorities adopted decisions to provide a legal basis for implementation of extraordinary measures. The paper deals with the restrictive measures implemented during the COVID-19 crisis in BiH and their impact on human rights realization. The relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court of BiH are also analysed, including the decision in case AP-3683/20 according to which certain restrictive measures are contrary to the right to respect of private life and the freedom of movement.
National Legal Framework to Protect the Right to Health and Right to Provide Health Care during the Covid Emergency Situation in Latvia
Authors: Olsena Solvita , Kadile Laura
Published: November 2021

Global public health emergency due to the spread of Covid-19 required the government of Latvia to implement necessary measures to control the virus. Numerous measures were introduced as novel legal requirements for the general public as well as for users and providers of health care. Numerous legal provisions established restrictions on the rights of patients and health care institutions. Our study aimed to explore how a human rights-based approach might be and is integrated into national responses to the Covid pandemic in health care in Latvia during the first emergency situation lasting from 12 March to 9 June 2020. Our research showed that restrictions on the right of patients to receive and the right of health care institutions to provide health care services were introduced broadly. We established that the legal requirements for restricting human rights in health required by the Constitution of Latvia were not observed.
International Cooperation as a Prerequisite for Improvement of Access to Orphan Biologic Medicines
Authors: Więckowski Zbigniew
Published: November 2021

Rare diseases constitute a global problem. Worldwide, 350 million people suffer from such diseases. The number of diagnosed cases are on the rise. Only a small percentage of those suffering have the opportunity to be treated with modern therapies. Medicines used to treat rare diseases are called orphan drugs. Biologic medicines developed for orphan drug indications, besides patent protection, have a period of regulatory and market exclusivity. After this period of time has elapsed, access to orphan drugs could be improved by the introduction of biosimilar medicines. The biggest challenge is to develop effective legal, tax and economic incentives to stimulate the development of biosimilar medicines for orphan indications. The regulatory agencies - EMA in the EU and the FDA in the USA - play a key role in increasing access to orphan biologics. Undoubtedly, the international cooperation, especially the mutual recognition of registration procedures between countries, and the creation of a common vocabulary and the unification of incentives for the pharmaceutical industry would have the positive impact on access to modern therapies.
Russian Experience in Transforming Teaching Methods in Legal Disciplines in Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Luparev Evgeniy Borisovich , Potapenko Sergey Victorovich , Epifanova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the present research is to analyze specific features of educational process in legal sphere in course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research objectives comprise the following issues: firstly, depiction of the initial state of teaching in legal sphere at the beginning of the pandemic; secondly, transformation process of teaching methods taking into account distinguishing features of the Russian legislation in the field of education; thirdly, correlation of administrative restriction practices with academic freedoms on the example of the Russian Federation. One of the results of this study is the conclusion that it is necessary to prioritize the study of the fundamental theory of law in comparison with commenting on the current legislation in order to be able to substantiate the regulation of non-standard situations in the life of society. The principal outcome of the present survey is a consideration that the Russian legislation in the sphere of education that requires implementation of such educational procedures components as training, education, scientific activity and upbringing cannot be completely implemented under conditions of the imposed administrative restrictions in course of the pandemic.
The Branching Pattern of the Nervus Ischiadicus after Passing through the Foramen Ischiadicum Majus in Hasak Sheep Breed
Authors: Balkaya H.
Published: November 2021

Background: Hasak is a sheep breed, developed as a result of crossbreeding studies at Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute. The aim of this study was to examine the macroanatomical structure of the nervus ischiadicus outside the cavum pelvis in Hasak sheep breed. Methods: 5 Hasak sheep were used for this study. After opening the body cavities of the cadavers, they were fixed in formaldehyde solution. The branches of the nervus ischiadicus were dissected separately and photographed. Result: It was observed that nervus ischiadicus was emitting nervus gluteus caudalis immediately after leaving the foramen ischiadicum majus. After this branching nervus ischiadicus coursed ventrally and it was divided into two nerves: nervus tibialis and the common root of nervus peroneus communis and nervus cutaneus surae caudalis.
Chewing Louse Species (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) on Roadkill Wild Birds in Van Province: Five New Species in Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Ali Bilgin , Azizoglu Erkan , Adizel Özdemir
Published: November 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to identify the lice species in birds that were struck and injured or killed by motor vehicles along the highway surrounding Lake Van, which is located between Van and Bitlis provinces in Turkey. Methods: The bird feathers were inspected using a macroscope. The isolated lice were placed in tubes containing 70% alcohol and were made translucent by 10% KOH. They were then glued using Canadian balsam and identified under light microscopy. Result: Of the 102 birds collected, 40 (40.8%) birds were infested with at least one louse species. In infested birds, 14 individual lice from 11 species were identified. Of these, Coloceras damicorne (Nitzsch, 1866), Columbicola claviformis (Denny, 1842), Ricinus serratus (Uchida, 1926), Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli, 1763), Upupicola upupae (Schrank, 1803) were identified in birds for the first time in Turkey.
I​nfluence of Treated POME Sludge Vermicomposting on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Growth Performances
Authors: Afieqah M.Z. , Isa I.M. , Fauzi M.F. , Ariffin M.R. , Nizar K. Mohd , Mohamad A.
Published: November 2021

Background: Transforming the abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge into beneficial substances such as an organic amendments is vital in the recycling of waste. Vermicomposting from treated POME sludge (TPS) was evaluated on the effect of soil physicochemical properties, crop performances and to determine the best treatment effect on the biomass of the hybrid grain maize (Zea mays L.). Methods: The experimental layout was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The grain maize cultivated in Bungor series soil (Ultisol) comprising of (T1) control (NPK fertilizer), (T2) 1 kg of vermicompost, (T3) 2 kg vermicompost, (T4) 1 kg TPS and T5 (2 kg TPS) with six replications, for a period of 100 days from June to September 2019. Half of the NPK fertilizer dosage applied from the recommended practices. Result: The treatments with 50% reduction of NPK rate significantly (p less than 0.05) affected soil physicochemical properties. The dry matter production, crop performance analysis (net photosynthesis, stomata conductance and transpiration rate) and root weight density were also increased significantly using 2 kg of vermicompost treatment. Vermicompost application demonstrated the best treatment effect on soil properties and grain maize productivity. Utilization of POME sludge waste into organic amendment through vermicomposting approach would become very crucial practices to be adopted in reducing the abundance waste.
Training of future primary teachers for innovation in the context of the updated content of education
Authors: Stambekova Hazira , Zhumabayeva Aziya , Elmira Uaidullakyzy , Karas Kaziyev , Nurzhamal Ablyazimova , Ryskulova Ainagul
Published: November 2021

In this information age, it is seen that the limitation of education and training, with space and time have started to be discussed and alternative methods and approaches have been suggested for students. The general purpose of this study is to plan the training of future primary school teachers in e-learning environments within the current education. 380 volunteer primary school teachers who continue to teach in Kazakhstan participated in the research in the spring term of 2020-2021. Scanning method was used in the research. General opinion measurement tool for e-learning, which was developed by the researchers was used. The collected data were analyzed using a spss program. One Way Anova and T-test were applied to analyze the data obtained from the e-learning measurement tool. According to the results of the research,  primary school teachers had high e-learning levels. There was no difference in e-learning levels according to their professional seniority.

Keywords: Primary School ,Teacher, E-Learning, Distance Education,Training
Evaluating creative drama studies in virtual museums with teacher opinions
Authors: Umralieva Laura , Tanirbergenov Medeubek , Yeralin Kuandyk , Bolysbaev Dauletkhan , Makhabbat Dzhakipbekova , Zhanar Saimbetova
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate creative drama studies in virtual museums with teacher opinions in order to ensure the revival of national cultural values through art. Qualitative research method was used in the study. The data were collected by the semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. The study involved 25 elementary school classroom teachers working in various primary schools in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, in the 2020-2021 academic year. As a result of the research, it was revealed that teachers found themselves inadequate in virtual museums and creative drama, but considered the use of these applications in education extremely positive. In-service training programs to be prepared for teachers to gain competence in the field of creative drama in the virtual museum will enable them to use this method more effectively in education, which they find effective in learning.

Keywords: Creative drama, national cultural values, teacher opinion, virtual museum.
Alles vergeblich!? Religionsdidaktische Konkretionen einer politischen religiösen Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Gärtner Claudia
Published: November 2021

Der Einsatz für Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit erscheint oftmals vergeblich, da der individu­elle Beitrag angesichts der globalen Herausforderung verschwindend gering ist. (Religiöse) Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung, die primär auf Befähigung und Motivation zu individuellem nachhaltigen Handeln zielt, läuft Ge­fahr, die strukturellen Dimensionen von (Nicht-)Nachhaltigkeit auszublenden, so dass individuelles Handeln eher einen beruhigenden Entlastungseffekt besitzt, ohne nachhaltige, strukturelle Änderungen zu bewirken. (Religiöse) Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung ist daher stets auch politisch auszurichten. Theoriegeleitet werden im folgen­den Beitrag anhand eines (biografischen, historischen) Fallbeispiels Überlegungen zum religionsdidaktischen Um­gang mit Vergeblichkeitserfahrungen bei nachhaltigem Handeln entworfen. Die Reich-Gottes-Botschaft öffnet hier­bei einen zentralen hermeneutischen und zugleich utopischen Horizont, der Hoffnung auf eine sozial-ökologische Transformation der Gesellschaft schenkt. Anhand des praktisch-theologischen Dreischritts Sehen – Urteilen – Han­deln wird somit die Reich-Gottes-Botschaft anhand des Fallbeispiels religionsdidaktisch transformiert.
Investigating the challenges for the development of independent retailers in South Africa
Authors: Makhitha K Mercy , Soke Brian
Published: November 2021

Independent retailers face many challenges that influence their growth and development. Independent retailers are small businesses facing competition from major retailers in South Africa (SA) that have penetrated the townships and rural areas. The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges that influence the development of independent retailers in SA. A survey was conducted among small independent retailers in SA. The convenience sampling method was adopted for the study due to the inaccessibility of a database on independent retailers in SA. Existing literature was used to design a questionnaire, targeted at small independent retailers, to investigate the challenges that influence their business performance. The findings of the study revealed that finance and marketing are the major challenges influencing the operations of small, independent retailers. Business-related challenges are the least challenging aspects for small independent retailers in SA. Independent retailers need to manage their businesses appropriately in order to survive and sustain their businesses. Independent retailers buy products from wholesalers while a few of them buy directly from manufacturers.
The role of branding in the choice of a university of technology
Authors: Matli Cleopatra Moipone , Tlapana Tshepo , Hawkins-Mofokeng Raymond
Published: November 2021

Brand choice has historically played an important role in a wide range of industries, particularly in the private sector, where billions of Rands are invested to entice potential customers. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand awareness and brand image on first-year student selection of a University of Technology in KwaZulu-Natal. The objectives of the study were to establish and identify the brand preference and image attributes that entice first-year students’ selection of a University of Technology (UoT). The study also examined the biographic variables of those students. To accomplish these objectives, an exploratory study using a quantitative research approach was conducted, in which questionnaires were administered to 500 first-year students at the selected Universities of Technology in KwaZulu-Natal. The study revealed that topics such as investments in brand awareness and brand image, safety and security, the caliber of staff, delays in academic programmes, student-lecturer relationships, and service delivery were identified as factors that influenced the participants' selection and willingness to recommend their institutions to potential students. Thus, the study recommends that UoTs should pay more attention to branding strategies as an agendum to ensuring institutional profitability and viability, relationship management, and human resource.  Finally, the findings of this study are limited to KwaZulu-Natal and should not be extrapolated outside this region.
Adoption and consumption patterns of green products: An exploratory study amongst green consumers in Durban
Authors: Chauke Obed Freedom , Tlapana Tshepo , Hawkins-Mofokeng Raymond
Published: November 2021

Green marketing has evolved, although the market share of green products remains considerably low. Green products are part of comprehensive green marketing, and this sort of marketing has progressed to the point that practically every consumer is aware of it. The study focuses on the factors that influence the adoption and consumption patterns of green goods in the greater Durban area. The study used a quantitative, non-probability, and random sampling strategy to discover consumers' sentiments toward the purchase of green products. The data was collected through the use of questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS.  The sample size was 384 customers from retail malls in selected Durban suburbs, representing a wide demographic and cultural background. The study's findings revealed that customers in the greater Durban area are aware of green products. Green products, on the other hand, are regarded as affluent due to their high pricing. This means that companies developing green products will have to look for ways to cut their pricing. The survey also reveals that when customers must pick between green and non-green items, pricing is a crucial factor. The study's findings are limited to the confines of the wider Durban area and cannot be extrapolated.
Effects of challenge-based and activity-based learning approaches on technical college students’ achievement, interest and retention in woodwork technology
Authors: Ogbuanya Chinyere Theresa , Okeke Chinedu I.O , Hassan Abdullahi M
Published: November 2021

This study examines the effects of challenge-based and activity-based learning approaches on technical college students’ achievement, interest and retention in woodwork technology. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The study constituted a total number of 122 subjects, 63 for Challenge-based learning, while 59 were for activity-based learning. The study revealed that students who taught woodwork using the challenge-based learning instructional approach had a higher mean score than students taught using the activity-based learning teaching method in cognitive achievement tests, psychomotor achievement tests and tests for retention of learning.  Consequently, the research recommended that the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should consider a review of the Woodwork work curriculum for Technical Colleges with a view to incorporating the challenge-based learning instructional approach into the teaching of the woodwork.
Challenges to food security among households of community-based organizations implementing agroforestry in Rongai Sub-County and mitigation factors
Authors: Cheburet Esther , Wachira Wanjugu , Mayabi Janerose
Published: November 2021

The study sought to determine challenges to food security among households of CBOs implementing agroforestry in Rongai Sub County in Nakuru and mitigation factors. The study was anchored on the systems theory and employed a mixed research methods design with simple random sampling used to get the CBOs from which the respondents were drawn. The target population was 630 members of all forty-seven (47) CBOs implementing agroforestry in the study area. The sample size was 245 respondents selected using the proportionate random sampling method. Questionnaires comprising of both open-ended and closed-ended questions were used to collect the data. From the study, the food produced by the households is insufficient and has to be supplemented by those outside the households. The food produced is of quality controlled by factors including farm management practices and capital availability for production. There is food inaccessibility as those produced are a source of income for the households yet insufficient. However, there is an improvement compared to previous years. The households’ food production is unstable as shown by variations in production and insufficiency of the food. Food security is challenged by the failure of all members of CBOs to take part in decision-making processes, reporting, roles, and responsibilities not being assigned appropriately. Mitigation factors are hardly employed by the CBOs to curb the challenges faced in implementing agroforestry. The study recommends building the capacity of CBOs implementing agroforestry in areas of resource mobilization, empowering them to harmonize governance processes, developing and implementing an M&E framework. It also recommends the development and implementation of sound policies that promote agroforestry expansion
The effect of a company's innovation orientation culture on employee turnover among selected non-governmental organizations in Samburu, Kenya
Authors: Lentawa Julius , Gesimba Paul , Gichuhi David
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the effect of a company's innovation orientation culture on employee turnover among selected non-governmental organizations in Samburu, Kenya. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 78 NGOs operating in Samburu County for the analysis, the study population comprised 11 senior management teams, 14 technical teams and 78 junior staff in 24 selected and active NGOs in Samburu. The analysis gathered both qualitative and quantitative data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and an interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. Thematic data analysis was used to interpret qualitative data, which included common terms, phrases, themes, and patterns. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics which includes frequencies, means, and standard deviation. Findings Results showed that innovation orientation is positively correlated with employee turnover (r=0.375, P=0.01). This supports Chow et al’s (2001) study which revealed that innovation orientation as part of an organization's culture has a significant effect on employee turnover. This study also discovered that an innovation orientation culture embedded in an NGO's ideology will help to reduce turnover because workers feel valued when their work is recognized for creativity and innovation.
Sustainability strategies and performance of public universities in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Peter , Ombaka Beatrice Elesani , Mburu Paul Kiumbe
Published: November 2021

The current operational setup in Kenya’s Universities is a turbulent one and highly competitive market condition. To ensure survival and sustainability, public universities require to adopt and implement competitive strategies. Many scholars have investigated sustainability efforts by Universities in pursuit of performance, however, it is still not clear how sustainable strategies have the greatest influence on the performance of Public Universities.  Thus, the study set to establish the influence of sustainability strategies on the performance of Public Universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. To achieve the objectives, the study was anchored on a pragmatic philosophy and mixed research design with a target population of 234 University top managers. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert-type questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that sustainability strategies had a significantly statistical influence on the performance of public universities in Kenya. The regression analysis for composite results revealed that sustainability strategies (SS) alone account for 53% of the variation of performance of Public Universities (R2=0.53, (t=7.68, p<0.05). Regression analysis for individual results, cost reduction (CR) (R2 0.518, t=18.07 p, <0.05), collaboration (C) (R2=0.418, t=2.7 p, <0.05) and diversification (D) (R2=0.218, t=8.07 p, <0.05). This study concluded that implementation of sustainability strategies (cost reduction, diversification, and collaboration) are essential strategies Public Universities can use in their endeavor to improve their performance.
The loyalty of rural tourism destination
Authors: Yacob Syahmardi , Erida Erida , Siregar Ade Perdana
Published: November 2021

The tourism sector is currently developing rapidly, thereby aiding in the significant boost of Indonesia's economy. Tourist villages are among the natural tourism product portfolios provided to tourists, which the government adequately develops to become a new and attractive alternative tourist destination. For the short term, this research examines the loyalty of tourist village destinations as a perspective destination quality, satisfaction, and intentions of practice in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. In the long term, it is expected to increase tourist village destinations' loyalty in Jambi Province. This research was carried out in three selected villages, namely Lempur, Pendung Talang Genting, and Jernih Jaya, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. The findings and discussion concluded that tourist satisfaction influences tourist destination loyalty and behavioral intention. Meanwhile, the perceptions of the quality of tourism destinations influence tourists' loyalty and urge to return to the village. Tourism satisfaction also affects the loyalty of tourist village destinations. However, its perception in terms of quality can influence tourist loyalty.
Gamification as a marketing strategy for Garuda Indonesia loyalty program
Authors: Widyani Donafeby
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses issues about how gamification can provide a breakthrough marketing strategy for Garuda Indonesia Loyalty Program. Garuda Indonesia is a well-known national airline in Indonesia. However, the survey found that the Garuda Indonesia loyalty program and does not attractive enough for consumers. Garuda Indonesia should maintain its loyalty program to attract more consumers. Moreover, the frequent flyer program is one way to differentiate the products offered by an airline from other competitors. Answering that phenomenon, Garuda Indonesia launched a mobile application that has several offers for consumers. However, Consumers still tend to choose other mobile applications. Garuda Indonesia’s marketer should encourage consumers to use the mobile application with the loyalty program inside the mobile application. The study suggests that Garuda Indonesia can add the gamification concept to the Garuda Indonesia Mobile application to increase loyalty to GarudaMiles users.
The role of small town in household livelihood diversification in Ethiopia rural areas
Authors: Tsegay Kiros , Fan Hongzhong , Shifare Hailay , AM. PriyanganiAdikari
Published: November 2021

There is a high expectation that urban-rural linkage in general and the function of small towns, in particular, has a great role in livelihood diversification and poverty reduction in rural areas than sectoral development. However, the previous empirical studies give little attention to the function of small towns and the livelihood diversification of rural communities. We analyze the function of a small town and participating in non-farm economic activities from a rural farm household survey of 371 farmer household heads in Ethiopia. The data was analyzed using a logistic regression model and statistical description. The study found that rural households who have road access have likely participated in none-farm activities and it has positive and significant effects. Education and FHH has also a significant relationship with the function of a small town. Distance from the small town has a significant and positive impact on the non-farm economic activities of rural communities. Overall, benefits from the function of small towns such as the provision of road access, agricultural extension, financial credit services, administrative services, educational and health services are some of the provisions of a small town. Therefore, a comprehensive integrated urban-rural linkage strategy could empower rural farm smallholders to diversify their livelihoods through strengthening small town functions is mandatory. The role of small towns needs to be integrated into rural communities. Participate in livelihood diversification strategies and achieve sustainable development goals by 2030 at large.
Can I tell you, my story? A critical hermeneutic inquiry into the life narratives of Ugandan children living within an orphanage in Kampala
Authors: Bunyan Elle
Published: November 2021

The detrimental impact of childcare institutions (CCIs), or orphanages, is well known. Despite deinstitutionalisation strategies in Uganda, CCIs remain the predominant intervention method employed by Western actors responding to the needs of children there. Reforming this approach requires contextualised critical understandings of the children’s experiences and perspectives of their institutionalisation, to reduce the misidentification and misappropriation of children as orphans. Therefore, operationalising the theoretical lens of Bourdieu within critical hermeneutic analyses, this article draws upon the narratives of 30 children living within an orphanage in Kampala, to enhance critical understandings of their experiences, perspectives, and behaviours throughout transition from home to an orphanage, via the streets of Kampala, illuminating how and why they come to be living there. Guided by Ricœur’s critical hermeneutic approach, the study found that poverty drives children to the streets in search of economic opportunity and organisations perceived to offer access to basic services of which they are deprived, such as education. Education, as a form of cultural capital, is understood amongst participants as ensuring an elevated position within society, or a means of overcoming poverty. Within this transition from home to the orphanage, whilst on the streets, socially acquired dispositions and harmful stereotypes contribute to the manifestation of the ‘street kid’ construct, for which the children are marginalised, and experience physical and sexual abuse. Girls are most at risk, whereby gender inequality contributes to their exploitation and the normalisation of rape. However, for the children entry into a CCI from the streets means relinquishing agency and social capital that is integral to them, often.
Analysis of indigenous African political leadership among the Luba people of Kasai in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bakamana David Bilungule , Magesa Laurenti , Abenguuni Majawa Clement C.
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to examine the nature of indigenous African political leadership among the Luba People of Kasai in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study employed qualitative research that was rooted in phenomenology. The concentration of the study was on the Kasai Central Province. The target population was charm givers, militia, and political leaders were selected as the units of observation by the researcher. The political leaders comprised of local traditional chiefs of villages and modern leaders. A sample size of 40 participants was adequate to enable the researcher to obtain rich information and reach the saturation point. The targeted 40 participants were: 10 charm givers, 8 members of the provincial parliament, 4 provincial ministers, 13 traditional leaders, and 5 militia leaders.  The study used In-depth Interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions, and observations to collect data. The findings indicate indigenous traditional leadership among the Luba has various sources of power. These include the use of various symbols of Luba traditional leadership to perform duties on behalf of the community. The use of the manga is also in line with the customs and traditions of the Luba people and guides the leader on the right things to do while on the throne.
Talent retention strategies for female academics in the higher education sector
Authors: Kanyumba Blessing , Lourens Melanie
Published: November 2021

This study aimed at identifying talent retention strategies for female academics in the higher education sector, paying particular attention to the Sub-Saharan context. Higher education institutions rely on the knowledge, abilities, and skills of their academics in order to keep abreast of the changing nature of higher education globally. These institutions of higher learning are required to be competitive and achieve their strategic goals in order to remain relevant in the sector. Studies have shown that female academics are leaving the higher education sector for the private sector for numerous reasons, including better salaries and further development. Additionally, some female academics are emigrating to European countries in search of greener pastures. Therefore, higher education institutions have to ensure that talent retention strategies are implemented to retain female academics, as well as to facilitate their progress to top leadership positions. The study utilized four crucial retention strategies identified in Kenya by Mutiria, Rukangu and Kubaison in 2015. These retention strategies include compensation and benefits, formal succession planning, training and development and career development opportunities. A quantitative research design was adopted for this study, whereby online questionnaires were completed by 112 female academics at a Sub-Saharan university. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for Windows. The results revealed a significant relationship between the four identified strategies and retention. Thus, institutions of higher learning should effectively implement these strategies in order to retain talented female academics, considering the dynamics in the sector.
Exploring correspondence between social culture, and employees’ subjective well-being: A mystery revealed!
Authors: Khalis Mohammed , Hourmat Hind
Published: November 2021

Wondering about, «what does 'A happy workplace' mean? », has always been a rhetorical question. Be that as it may, this study examined the underlying implicit correspondence between social culture and employee subjective well-being. Previous research studying well-being predictors and constraints has failed to propose a precise model that exposes the different determinants of employee subjective well-being. To address this gap, this paper considers cultural dimensions, as subjective well-being predictors, and it considers individuals' emotional and cognitive experiences, as mediating factors. Online surveys were administered to 500 participants, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The astonishing results have revealed that people operating in organizations with higher power distance are less likely to have well-being, on the other hand, employees at workplaces dominated by an Individualistic mindset are more prone to have a fulfilling work life.
Farm-n-Pedia: Expert mobile agricultural knowledge-based system for Indian Farmers
Authors: Sran Ashmean Kaur , Komiak Sherrie Yi , Manzoor Sabir
Published: November 2021

Efficiency in farming productivity and optimum utilization of resources in the agriculture sector in developing countries is a challenge that can be addressed with technological advancement. There is also a strong need to work on the farming community’s engagement to make better farming decisions. This study aims to create an expert knowledge-based system (KBS) in a mobile application to help Indian farmers improve their agricultural practices and increase crop productivity. A prototype mobile application, ‘Farm-n-Pedia,’ is designed and used to fulfill the farmers’ informational and engagement needs. It provides a tool for agriculture management using a single platform. The expert KBS incorporates a crowdsourcing system as part of the knowledge base and interface design. The mobile application enables the users to access the worldwide information they want, get personalized expert guidance, interact with the local agrarian community, know about the latest farming techniques and technology, crowdsource data collection and increase agricultural productivity.