bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3.5. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПОЗАНАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ З УЧНЯМИ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Брижак Надія
Published: October 2024

3.5. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПОЗАНАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ З УЧНЯМИ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
3.6. РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ МІЖПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ЗМІСТУ НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ КУРСУ «Я ДОСЛІДЖУЮ СВІТ»
Authors: Кузьма-Качур Марія , Горват Маріанна
Published: October 2024

3.6. РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ МІЖПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ЗМІСТУ НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ КУРСУ «Я ДОСЛІДЖУЮ СВІТ»
EFFECTIVENESS OF INFUSION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DOGS WITH PYROPLASMOSIS
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Alekseeva Maria Andreevna , Alekseeva Tatiana Viktorovna ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of studies obtained in the study of the comparative effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis. Piroplasmosis of dogs is a seasonal, acute, blood–parasitic disease of dogs, which is characterized by fever, liver damage, and destruction of red blood cells. Competent and timely implementation of rehydration infusion therapy for pyroplasmosis is an important component in the complex therapy of sick animals, therefore, the study of the comparative effectiveness of traditional and the introduction into veterinary practice of promising medical detoxification infusion drugs is timely and relevant. In this regard, the aim of the research is to study the comparative effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis. The object of the study were dogs of various breeds with pyroplasmosis and documentation reflecting the state of the incidence of pyroplasmosis of dogs in Rostov–on-Don. To confirm the diagnosis, paired blood serums for serological diagnostics, as well as blood and urine samples for biochemical analysis were sent to the veterinary diagnostic center "Invitro" in Rostov-on-Don. To conduct the experiment (according to the principle of analogues), 3 groups of animals were formed, 5 dogs in each. Treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis was carried out in a complex, with the mandatory appointment of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. The effectiveness of treatment of dogs of the experimental groups was evaluated in dynamics compared with the control group. In the process of implementing the tasks of the experiment, generally accepted methods were used, in accordance with GOST standards, satisfying the objectives of the study. Based on the studies conducted to study the effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with piroplasmosis, it was found that the use of the drug Reamberin allowed to shorten the recovery period compared to the control group by 5 days, with 1 experimental group – by 2 days. The drug Reamberin has proven to be the most effective infusion drug with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and detoxifying effects.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE REMOVAL OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS BY PLANTS OF LATE WHITE CABBAGE ON DRIPPING IRRIGATION
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Pronko Nina Anatolyevna , Korsak Viktor Vladislavovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Ryabtseva Tatiana Gennadievna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Falkovich Alexander Savelyevich ,   Saratov National Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the development of models for the removal of nutrients, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, by the crop of late white cabbage on drip irrigation. The initial data for constructing the models were the results of field experiments conducted at the Scientific and Production Complex "Agrocenter" of the Saratov State Agrarian University on the average loamy southern chernozem typical of the Saratov Right Bank steppe in 2014, 2016 and 2017. with variety Amager 611 and hybrid Kolobok F1 Linear regression dependences of the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in kilograms of active substance per ton of heads of cabbage from the total water consumption and irrigation rate, as well as the yield of the studied crop are presented. In addition, the article gives multiple linear regression dependences of removal nutrients from the irrigation rate and the yield of cabbage, which are developed according to joint data for the Amager 611 variety and the Kolobok F1 hybrid, that is, they can be used for late white cabbage on drip irrigation without regard to its varietal characteristics . All of the above models have a high level of reliability and are the basis for designing systems for applying mineral fertilizers for late white cabbage, as well as for calculating approximate balances of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and assessing the environmental feasibility of applied agricultural technologies i of their impact on the effective fertility of irrigated soils.
PRECURSORS AND SEEDING RATES IN THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT HARVEST
Authors:   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Tsomartova Fatima Totrazovna , Kasabiev Aslamurza Barisovich ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Tsagaraeva Eleonora Aleksandrovna ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Basiev Soltan Soslanbekovich ,   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of grain crops in world agriculture, which have important strategic, social, food, agronomic, bio-chemical-physical and environmental significance, the exceptional need for winter wheat grain is to obtain bread, bread products, animal feed and raw materials for industrial processing. In this segment of our scientific research, the influence of individual agro-bio-technological techniques on the yield and quality indicators of the structure and grain of winter wheat of the Batko variety was studied. Field experiments were conducted on leached chernozems in the foothill zone of the RSO-Alania, during the period from 2017 to 2021, we used two types of legumes as precursors, contributing to the resuscitation of soil fertility, an increase in humus content and biological activity of soils, due to the nitrogen-fixing ability of nodule bacteria. It was found that the maximum number of seedlings – 89.5% was provided by the Batko variety when sowing after peas, with a seeding rate of 4.5 million. pcs./ha, at the same seeding rate, after many years of clover, germination was inferior to the best option by 1.1%, according to the other variants of the experiment, the results of field germination were lower; the maximum number of seedlings was recorded - 427 pcs./m2 – after clover and 497 pcs./m2 – after peas, at seeding rates – 4.5 and 5.5 million units/ha, respectively. Plants of the Batko variety with a seeding rate of 3.5 million pcs. / ha formed, on average, over the years of research after clover - 4.1 pcs. stems and 10.1 pcs. secondary roots, after peas, these indicators were 4.2 and 11.8 pcs., respectively. The maximum number of plants per square meter was provided by an option with a seeding rate of 5.5 million units/ha, with quantitative indicators, on average for four years, according to the predecessors: a) perennial grasses (clover) - 423 pcs/m2; b) for peas – 452 pcs/m2, which was 93.6% and 95.0%, respectively, according to the predecessors. It is established that the general trend in the phases of plant growth and development, in terms of the formation of the leaf apparatus, has been preserved. During the spring tillering phase, 9.13 and 9.57 thousand m2/ha of leaf surface were formed on variants with a minimum seeding rate. With a seeding rate of 4.5 million units/ha, the excess over the minimum seeding rate was 1.18 and 1.16 thousand m2/ha, and the indicators of this variant were inferior to the seeding rate of 5.5 million units/ha by 0.83 and 0.82 thousand m2/ha.
THE USE OF EVAPORATION FROM THE WATER SURFACE WHEN CALCULATING THE WATER CONSUMPTION OF PERENNIAL GRASSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Pchelkin Viktor Vladimirovich , Vladimirov Stanislav Olegovich ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Cousina Oksana Mikhailovna ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev
Published: October 2024

The subject of research is the development of a method for calculating the water consumption of perennial grasses using evaporation from the water surface, aimed at improving the accuracy of its determination and saving water resources, on the watersheds of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The object of research on the total water consumption of perennial grasses are sod-podzolic soils and soil moisture of watershed areas, when growing forage crops. Experimental experiments were carried out on plots, in lysimeters and laboratories, in different meteorological conditions in years. Scientific research, processing and analysis of experimental data were based on the theory of groundwater movement, the method of water balance, physical modeling, and the theory of mathematical statistics. When conducting scientific research on the water regime of sod-podzolic soils during irrigation of perennial grasses, the methodology developed at the Department of "Agricultural Land Reclamation, Forestry and Land Management" of the K. A. Timiryazev Russian State Agricultural Academy of Agriculture was used. Experiments conducted in lysimeters and plots in 2012...2014 served as the basis for the development of a formula for determining the water consumption of perennial grasses using evaporation from the water surface in the watersheds of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.
METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL FREQUENCY OF PREVENTION OF THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF AN AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINE
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Denisov Alexander Sergeevich , Nosov Anton Olegovich ,   State Inspectorate for Supervision of the Technical Condition of Self-propelled Vehicles and Other Types of Equipment of the Saratov Region, Kondaurov Alexey Yuryevich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilova, Biniyazov Abzal Maksotovich ,   West Kazakhstan Innovation and Technology University
Published: October 2024

The reliability of automotive engines is an important problem for the country's economy. Wear, and subsequently failures, often cause a rather long downtime of equipment, significant consumption of spare parts, complicate the operation of the machine and tractor fleet. The cost of overhaul of an automotive engine is more than half the amount of the cost of a new one, and the resource after repair is no more than half the resource of a new engine. Over the entire service life of automotive engines, 5-6 times more money is spent on ensuring their operability than on manufacturing. The main operations for the prevention of the lubrication system of a diesel engine are the replacement and refilling of engine oil, on which the engine resource largely depends. Therefore, the volume of refilling and the frequency of oil change determine the efficiency of the engine and are optimization parameters. The function of these factors is the total unit costs of prevention and repair. Minimizing these costs is the essence of the technical and economic method. The paper presents the results of operational studies related to the dependence of refilling parameters, engine oil aging and the failure rate of internal combustion engines. The data on the performance of a diesel engine with and without an oil level regulator are given. According to the results of the work, an adequate mathematical model was obtained with physical variables of the dependence of costs on the frequency of oil change and the volume of one-time topping. The substantiation of the kinetics of the pre-failure state of the main elements of a forced diesel engine during the aging of engine oil was made and the optimal values of preventive parameters were determined.
SANITARY AND QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF MILK IN COWS WITH PYOMETRA
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilova, Filatova Alyona Vladimirovna , Tshivale Belisariu Manuel ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilova, Avdeenko Vladimir Semenovich ,   St. Petersburg University of Veterinary Medicine, Popova Olga Mikhailovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilova
Published: October 2024

The experiments were carried out in farms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Saratov region. A total of 1,758 cows were under observation. Microbiological studies of sterile samples of uterine secretions were carried out by seeding on standard Endo, Koda and Saburo media. Milk samples obtained from sick cows with pyometra for bacteriological and mycotic studies were taken sterically, then they were seeded on nutrient media. Identification and species belonging of bacteria were established, guided by the "Short determinant of Bergi bacteria" (1980), fungi - according to the method of N.A. Spesivtseva (1964). On day 11...14, the contents of the uterus with a pyometer are 80% contaminated with microorganisms: S. aureus - 26%, Е. coli - 46%, P. mirabilis - 14%, К. pneumoniae - 8%, S. pyogenes - 5%. In monoculture, microflora was isolated in 12% of cows, and in 88% in associations of various variants: S. aureus у 60,0% коров, Е. coli - 20%, P. mirabilis - 13,3%, S. pyogenes - 3,3%, E. aerogenes - 3,3%. The analysis of mycological studies showed that microscopic fungi were mainly isolated in animals with pyometra: mold fungi in 29.6% of cases – A. fumigatus and 70.4% of cases yeast fungi – C. albicans and C. crusei. Milk obtained from sick cows with pyometra showed 2 times higher total bacterial contamination than milk obtained from clinically healthy animals. At the same time, it has a reduced number of lactic acid organisms. The acidity in the samples fermented with Lactobacillus bulgarus was 12.5...15.5% lower than in the control samples obtained from clinically healthy cows. The viability of the symbiotic combination cells was an order of magnitude lower (2.5x106 vs. 2.5x107) than in the control samples of the lactic acid product. Thus, sanitary and biochemical changes in the quality of milk have been established in the milk of sick cows and its suitability for the production of fermented milk products, its nutritional and energy properties, as well as the biological safety of the food product are questioned.
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMAL DOSES AND COURSES OF ADDITIVE THERAPY OF FARM ANIMALS WITH MYCOPLASMOSIS
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Ligidova Mariana Mukhamedovna , Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Popova Olga Mikhailovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilova
Published: October 2024

Tetracycline, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of mycoplasmosis. The effectiveness of therapy is mainly assessed on the basis of changes in the clinical picture and identification of the pathogen by one of the direct methods. Veterinary specialists most often use macrolide preparations in their practical work, since they are the least toxic and can be used in the treatment of young and pregnant animals. A complex preparation Based on this study on the development of optimal doses and courses of additive therapy, complex antibacterial drugs of farm animals with mycoplasmosis. it is an urgent task. The drug "Entrikim" is an antibacterial agent consisting of an optimal ratio of three components: enrofloxacin, an antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone group, tilmicosin phosphate – a macrolide antibiotic and sulfonamide – trimethoprim. 5 and 10% solutions of entericim were used in the experiments, the objects of research were calves of 10-30 days of age, with an average weight of 40 kg, piglets from 2 weeks to 4 months of age with subacute and chronic course of enzootic pneumonia, with an average weight of 14 kg and lambs of a month of age, with an average weight of 14 kg, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis is mycoplasmosis. The recommended NTD of 5% enteric pigs at a dose of 2.5 cm3 / 1 kg of weight once a day for 3-5 days with mycoplasmosis was not effective (from 16.6 to 33.3%) with course treatment from 7 to 9 days, respectively. A 5% solution of entrikim at a dose of 5.0 cm3 / 1 kg of weight and a 10% solution at a dose of 2.0 cm3 / 1 kg of weight with a 7-day course of use (83.3%) has high therapeutic efficacy. Optimal in terms of therapeutic and economic efficiency for mycoplasmosis of lambs is a dose of 5.0 cm3 / 1 kg of weight with a course of treatment in 7 days. The use of a 10% solution of entrikim when applied to calves is due to their greater weight compared to piglets and lambs. A 10% solution of entrikim at a dose of 2.0 cm3 / 1 kg of calf weight has a high therapeutic efficacy. However, it is not economically feasible to use a dose of 2.0 cm3 / 1 kg of calf weight, since at the same course in 7 days, but at a dose of 1.0 cm3 / 1 kg of weight, the therapeutic effectiveness is the same – 83.3%.
ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF CULTIVATION OF DURUM WHEAT IN THE ZONE OF CHERNOZEM OF THE SOUTHERN LOWER-VOLGA REGION
Authors:   Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Belyaev Alexander Ivanovich , Petrov Nikolay Yurievich ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Zvereva Galina Nikolaevna ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The experience and economic analysis made it possible to establish new elements of technological methods for increasing the yield of grain crops, which are economically more profitable. It has been economically proven that modern varieties of durum wheat against the background of the use of biofertilizers are more rational than the traditional application of mineral nutrition, the cost of which is several orders of magnitude higher than the cost of biofertilizers. The object of research was zoned varieties of durum wheat, recommended for the 9th region and promising varieties, which were distinguished not only by high plasticity and adaptability to arid conditions, but also had a positive effect on the course of soil microbiological processes. Materials and methods. The field experiment was started in 2018…2022. in the KFH "Eliseev A.N", located in the chernozem zone of the southern Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region. The subject of the study was the variety of hard spring wheat Krasnokutka 13 and winter wheat - Aksinit with the processing of seed material with biofertilizers and the application of mineral fertilizers under the given yield levels (2.0 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.0 t/ha). Results and conclusions. A five-year experience has shown that the calculated norms of mineral nutrition are quite competitive with new types of biofertilizers. With less expensive funds for their purchase, they are able to bring the yield up to 2.14 t/ha (variety Krasnokutka 13) on crops of spring durum wheat, and up to 3.84 t/ha on winter durum wheat (variety Aksinit) using Gumi biofertilizer 20. The economic component obtained by calculation indicates that the fundamental indicator of profitability on the control variant of the Krasnokutka 13 variety was 45%, on the corresponding variant of the Aksinit variety - 262%. Seed treatment with Gumi 20 biofertilizer on variety Krasnorkutka 13 led to an increase in profitability up to 167%. Its maximum values were noted in the variety Aksinit on the variant with the treatment with Gumi 20 biofertilizer and amounted to 329%.
OVERVIEW OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON PETE OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN THE WORLD USING CARTOGRAPHIC TOOLS
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna , Larionov Sergey Vasilyevich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Podshibyakin Dmitry Vasilievich ,   Scientific Research Institute of Technologies of Organic, Inorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology
Published: October 2024

Plague of small ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, transboundary disease. This emerging disease, along with bluetongue, is most frequently reported among small ruminants. The PPR pathogen can infect up to 100% of susceptible animals. The disease occurs most often in hyperacute, acute, and subacute forms, while from 30 to 70% of patients die. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to analyze the current epizootic situation of PPR in the world from 2018 to 2022. Primary data on epizootic outbreaks of plague of small ruminants for the period 2018-2022 in the world were taken from the international FAO Empress database. Statistical data processing was carried out using the tools of the Microsoft Excel 2016 program. Cartographic analysis of the PPR epizootic situation was carried out using ArcGis 10.4 GIS software. The authors of this article carried out a cartographic analysis of outbreaks of the disease under study, from which it follows that most of the PPR outbreaks are concentrated in Africa and Asia. The most affected regions are in the zone of North Africa (Algeria, Morocco), as well as Asia (Mongolia and the People's Republic of China). The results of data analysis showed that more than half (59%) of all PPR outbreaks in the world were registered in 2019. 15% in 2018, 13% in 2021, 7% in 2020. The PPR stationarity index for the period under review was 0.6 in Algeria, Israel, China, Morocco; in Bulgaria, Libya, Mongolia - 0.4; in the rest of the above territories by 0.2, respectively.
MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE OF THE RECLAMATION COMPLEX
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Zhuravleva Larisa Anatolyevna
Published: October 2024

The main tasks of the state are to strengthen the country's food independence. The material and technical base is the basis of the industry's production processes and requires modernization and renewal. It is necessary to move to an innovative technological order, create a number of organizational structures, mechanisms for managing and controlling innovations, a system for stimulating high-tech technologies and a favorable environment for the expansion and dissemination of innovations. It is necessary to improve and optimize the work of organizational structures replicating innovative developments, providing information support and training. The purpose of the study is to analyze and improve the mechanisms of development of the material and technological base of reclamation complexes based on an innovative approach. The paper defines the patterns and principles of improving the material and technical base of reclamation facilities. The structures and principles of improving the material and technical base of reclamation enterprises are presented. The methods and tools of modernization, replenishment and updating of the material and technical base of reclamation complexes are described. The role of new structures and mechanisms is to transform scientific knowledge into applied technologies, new machines and mechanisms, effective methods of organizing production and replication of successful technologies and technical means. This should be carried out on the basis of such mechanisms as agrotechnoparks, business incubators, training of qualified personnel and information support on the ground. An algorithm for planning modernization, replenishment and replacement of the material and technical base, as well as criteria for evaluating efficiency, is proposed
REMOVAL OF FOOD ELEMENTS BY VEGETABLE CROPS DURING DRIP IRRIGATION IN THE SARATOV RIGHT BANK
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Pronko Nina Anatolyevna
Published: October 2024

To successfully solve the problem of import substitution of vegetable products, it is necessary to significantly increase the yield of vegetable crops in Russia. A large role in increasing yields belongs to the correct fertilizer system, the development of which requires knowledge of the removal of nutrients and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on it. Taking into account that for vegetable crops grown in the steppe zone of the Saratov Right Bank, data on the removal of nutrients were not determined, the purpose of the research was to experimentally determine the removal of the main vegetable crops – tomatoes, late cabbage and eggplant, and to study the effect on this indicator and yield of drip irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers on the chernozems of the southern region. Experimental methods were used in the work – field and laboratory experiments to study the yield and removal of nutrients by the studied vegetable crops under different modes of water and mineral nutrition with drip irrigation, and statistical methods – dispersion and correlation analysis. The article presents the results of research on the influence of irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on the removal of nutrients and the productivity of varieties of valuable vegetable crops during drip irrigation on the chernozem of the southern Saratov Right Bank; The coefficients of the removal of batteries per 1 ton of the main and by-products of tomatoes, late white cabbage and eggplant at different agrophones were determined. The dependences of the removal of nutrition elements of tomato varieties on the irrigation norm and the total dose of fertilizers, the removal of NPK eggplant from the doses of mineral fertilizers are established. It is proved that all the studied crops formed the highest yield at the calculated dose for an increased yield level, while their reaction to the improvement of the water regime was different. The highest yield of late white cabbage of the Amager variety 611 85.59 t /ha of commercial heads and eggplant fruits of the Black Handsome variety 88.69 t / ha was obtained under irrigation regime of 90% NV, and tomatoes – at 80% NV
POTATO PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE FACTORS OF CULTIVATION ON DARK CHESTNUT SOILS OF THE SARATOV VOLGA REGION UNDER IRRIGATION
Authors:   Volga Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, Shadskikh Vladimir Alexandrovich , Kizhaeva Vera Evgenievna ,   Volga Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation
Published: October 2024

The aspects of increasing potato productivity under the influence of the developed agrotechnical techniques and factors of cultivation in the irrigated agrocenosis are considered. The research was carried out on experimental plots of fields of the experimental production farm of the Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation on dark chestnut medium loamy soils with an area of 200 hectares. It was found that the studied factors had different effects on the productivity of potato varieties. The most important determining factor affecting potato productivity is the choice of potato varieties with high adaptive characteristics for use in regional crop cultivation technology. Analysis of the formation of the photosynthetic potential of potato plantings was best performed by the Colombo variety, the net productivity of photosynthesis of plantings was 5.5 g/m2 per day, and the accumulation of dry biomass was 48.6 t/ha. Based on the dynamics of the growth of tubers over the periods of plant development, the most effective was the planting density of 40-50 thousand pieces / 1 ha. The productivity of this crop is significantly influenced by the irrigation regime. It was found that the most favorable pre-watering soil moisture is 80% HB, where the yield of Flamingo, Memphis and Colombo varieties was 45.0, 42.0 and 52.0 t/ha, respectively
POSSIBILITIES OF USING CAROB POWDER AND CRANBERRY SYRUP IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kharitonova Irina Borisovna
Published: October 2024

One of the ways to increase the nutritional value of fermented milk products is the use of plant-based additives. This article substantiates the possibility of using additives of plant origin and berry syrup in the production of functional dairy products. As a functional supplement, it is proposed to use carob, which is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, trace elements, and dietary fiber. Cranberry syrup, which has high antioxidant activity and helps strengthen immunity, will be used as an additional source of antioxidants and biologically active substances. The use of cranberry syrup in the production of fermented milk products excludes the introduction of flavors, dyes and sweeteners due to the saturated color, pronounced aroma, and also does not require a significant change in the technological process and, accordingly, does not require additional equipment. Cranberry syrup is rich in vitamin C – 14.4%, silicon – 20%, iron - 12.8%, cobalt - 100%, copper - 12%. A dose of vegetable filler was selected and the regularities of the formation of organoleptic, physico-chemical and structural-mechanical properties were studied. It has been established that the introduction of carob powder and cranberry syrup into fermented milk products leads to an increase in the content of antioxidants, dietary fiber, and trace elements in them. Carob was introduced into the milk base before fermentation in the form of powder. The amount of the additive was determined, it was 1%. The amount of syrup applied was 4%. Based on the research results, a scheme of the technological process for the production of new functional fermented milk products has been developed. Thus, the use of carob and cranberry syrup will increase the functional properties of fermented milk products. The combination of useful properties of a new functional product and an acceptable price will also
CREATION OF A COMPOSITIONAL HYGIENE PRODUCT "GALF127KELMU1M2P" BASED ON POLYMER MATRICES
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Filatova Alyona Vladimirovna , Bibaeva Yulia Vasilyevna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Avdeenko Vladimir Semenovich ,   St. Petersburg University of Veterinary Medicine, Loshchinin Sergey Olegovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The design of the preparative hygienic substance "GALF127KELMU1m2p" and the study of its bio-pharmaco-toxicological properties based on aloe juice and methyluracil on a metellar site was carried out. In appearance, the substance is a homogeneous transparent liquid of light yellow color. The stability of the obtained during storage was studied at room temperature, in a place protected from light for 24 months. During the period of studying the substance, the original color and appearance are preserved and correspond to the original properties. After drying, a transparent film is formed. The concentration of hydrogen ions pH was in the range of 5.8...6.0 throughout the entire study period, the harmlessness in the test dose was in the range of 0.5...0.55 ml per mouse. For 30 days, the substance was subjected to "accelerated aging" in a thermostat at a temperature of +37oC. The expiration date was set at 1167 days or 3 years 2.4 months. When frozen, thawed and stored at room temperature, it does not delaminate and does not lose these properties. Intragastric administration of the substance to rats and mice in the maximum possible dose does not lead to violations of physiological functions and death of animals. The skin application of the substance "GALF127KELMU1m2p" to the trimmed area of the skin 1 time a day for 14 days to rabbits in doses from 6000 to 10000 mg / kg does not adversely affect the life support indicators of experimental animals. The sensitivity of rats and mice to the general toxic effect of the drug has no significant differences and according to the degree of exposure to the body according to GOST 12.1.007 belongs to hazard class 4 – low-hazard substances. It has been established that the hygiene product does not have an irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes and skin. So after 15 minutes of application to the conjunctiva of the eye, there are no corneal opacities, the iris is without visible changes, there is no chymotosis. Hygienic means after application to the udder nipple after milking, a transparent blue film is created, which is retained in the period between milking.
PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND SEEDING RATES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE TERSK–SULAK SUBPROVINCION OF DAGESTAN
Authors:   Dagestan State Agrarian University, Ramazanova Kristina Ramazanovna , Ramazanova Tatyana Valeryevna ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University, Omariev Shamil Shamkhalovich ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The productivity of photosynthesis of soybeans depends on the degree of illumination of the leaves due to the placement of plants in the crop. Therefore, it is very important to establish the optimal size and configuration of the feeding area for plants of various varieties by using the appropriate method of sowing and the seeding rate. In the conditions of the North Caucasus, according to the recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds, soybeans are sown in a wide–row method with row spacing of 45 cm, the optimal recommended density is 350-400 thousand / ha. In the period from 2022 to 2023. Field studies were conducted in irrigated conditions of Dagestan. The aim is to study the comparative productivity of soybeans with different methods of sowing and seeding rates. As studies have shown, a sufficiently high productivity was provided by the precocious variety Slavia, in whose crops the leaf surface area and net photosynthesis productivity amounted to 34.7 thousand m2/ha and 3.79 g/m2· day. At the same time, the average yield was 3.21 t/ha. The most acceptable values of leaf surface area, NPF and yield (32.1 thousand m2/ha, 2.48 g/m2·day, 2.92 t/ha) were also recorded in the Vilana variety. Minimal data were noted on plots with varieties Chara and Olympia. The analysis of the photosynthetic activity of soybean varieties, depending on the methods of sowing and seeding rates, indicates the effectiveness of using a wide-row seeding method (0.45 m), with a seeding rate of 450 thousand units/ha. The average yield under these agricultural practices was 3.35 t/ha. The minimum data were noted with a row spacing of 0.15 m and a seeding rate of 350 thousand units/ha.
COMBINED DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF PORRIDGE-LIKE FEED MIXTURES
Authors:   Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov, Sitnikov Alexander Andreevich , Kamyshov Yuri Nikolaevich ,   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Krivushin Vladimir Vladimirovich ,   Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation,
Published: October 2024

Successful breeding and fattening of pigs, in addition to suitable feed products, largely depends on the balance, combination of feed, as well as on the technology of preparation and feeding. Proper balance has a positive effect on the productivity of animals, and feeding technology requires a lot of time and labor to care for them. In this regard, there is a need to create new multifunctional machines and units for the preparation of lump mixtures with a fundamentally new way of influencing the processed material. To solve this problem, the design of a combined device for the preparation of porridge–like feed mixtures has been developed, which is based on a working body - a dismembrator, with which the process of grinding grain material in an aqueous medium is carried out, with concomitant heating of the resulting mixture. In the process of obtaining porridge-like feed, grain material was used: wheat, oats, peas, barley. The results of experimental studies have been obtained showing that the process of grinding grain material in an aqueous medium directly depends on the heating rate of the resulting mixture, namely, the smaller the particle size becomes, the less thermal energy is released during grinding. The highest rate of heating of the feed mixture is observed in the first minutes of operation of the device, precisely when large particles are crushed, which entails the release of more energy for their destruction. A biochemical analysis of the resulting porridge-like feed was carried out, during which it was found that all the identified quality indicators are within the normal range, with the exception of a relatively low carotene content and a mass fraction of crude protein.
ACCOUNTING FOR THE DEGREE OF INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT INFLUENCES ON INDICATORS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS
Authors:   National Research University ", Kirillova Elena Aleksandrovna ,   MPEI",   (branch in Smolensk), Dli Maxim Iosifovich ,   National Research University "MPEI" (branch in Smolensk), Masyutin Svyatoslav Anatolievich ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Khalin Vladimir Georgievich ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

At present, innovative ecosystems are of particular importance and relevance, which are most conducive to unlocking the possibilities of modern trends in environmental changes and meeting the needs of production and economic entities in innovation. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of various groups of parameters on the effectiveness of innovation activity, assess the degree of such an action, as well as identify the factors that determine the differentiation of the result and can become “levers” for future managerial influences in a strategic perspective. The reactions of changes in the values of indicators of regions for the implementation of innovative activities in value terms to the impacts, taking into account its time, are calculated and analyzed. The described methodology allows for a comprehensive, as well as the most optimal in terms of resource costs, to assess the potential of the regional system and individual groups of subjects, their needs for innovation and the specifics of their development in a certain area, due to a combination of macro factors, historical and cultural development. The article describes a methodology based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 2012-2020. for the subjects of the Russian Federation. Information about the strength of the relationship between the effectiveness of innovation activity and its individual parameters, as well as the time of its manifestation, can be used as the basis for strategic methodological foundations for managing the functioning of innovation ecosystems, their development and improving efficiency, as well as operational and tactical tools for implementing these managerial influences.
MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF OPTIONS FOR DIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, Evstafiev Eduard Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

State financial support is one of the most important factors in the successful innovative development of enterprises. Such support may be indirect or direct. Indirect support includes measures implemented by the state, such as soft loans, special benefits, tax breaks, etc. Direct state support for the innovative activity of enterprises implies the direct use of state monetary and other resources for these purposes. Numerous ways of such support can be reduced to its two main variants, each of which has its pros and cons depending on the specific situation. The first variant of direct financial support by the state of innovative activity of enterprises covers the provision of non-refundable or reimbursable financial assistance to them. The second option is the implementation by the relevant state structures of investments in innovative projects initiated by business. This option involves the participation of the state in the capital of the innovative enterprise being formed. When choosing between these forms of state support for innovation, one should proceed from a multi-criteria assessment of the available options. For this purpose, the author formulated eight criteria, which, in his opinion, each of the alternative options for financial support by the state of an innovative enterprise should correspond to one degree or another. An integral indicator of such compliance can be an indicator of comparative efficiency, calculated by the scoring method using weight coefficients. The article provides a conditional example of calculating comparative efficiency indicators for the two indicated options - providing direct financial assistance to an innovative enterprise and investing public funds in its authorized capital. Based on the estimated expert assessments, the selected criteria were assigned weighting coefficients characterizing their relative importance. The assessment of the compliance of each of the options with the formulated criteria was made on a ten-point scale. On the basis of these two indicators, the comparative effectiveness of the considered options for state support of the innovative activity of the enterprise is determined, comments are given to the results obtained. The conditions necessary for the successful practical application of the proposed approach are noted, among which the main one is to reduce the degree of subjectivity of expert assessments by ensuring a sufficient number of qualified experts involved in assessing the comparative effectiveness of options for state financial support for innovation.
EXPORT STRATEGY OF THE COUNTRIES OF NORTHERN EUROPE
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian University of Economics name after G. V. Plekhanov, Shiryaeva Alina Radimirovna
Published: October 2024

The work examined the export strategies of four countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland) and the current measures to support companies entering foreign markets. The interest in these countries stems from the fact that they have successfully made the transition from resource exports to trade in high value-added goods, and some of them still export raw materials on a large scale. The study of an export strategy is complicated, firstly, by the fact that a unified approach to the definition of this term has not been formulated in the scientific community; the opinions of scientists on this issue have been studied in the article. Secondly, not all states at the legislative level fix a unified strategy of behavior in the field of exports, and if such a document is adopted, then its content varies from country to country, which makes analysis and comparison difficult. After analyzing the legislative acts and systems of state bodies, as well as their functions, it was revealed that the widest network of support programs, both general and highly specialized, exists in Norway. The most centralized and limited is in Denmark. In these two countries, the emphasis is on creating production chains by grouping companies into large organizations by industry, and this initiative comes from industry, not from the state. Sweden and Finland have similar support structures, both use umbrella brands and a one-stop shop, and access to finance is much easier than Norway and Denmark. Special attention was paid to small and medium-sized businesses, in the countries studied there are fundamentally different support systems: Sweden and Finland offer wide and affordable programs for project financing and the provision of state guarantees, while in Norway and Denmark the state is little involved in assisting SMEs, however, companies are successfully using the supply chains of local multinational corporations to bring their products to foreign markets.
PLACEMENT AND SPECIALIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF THE PRODUCTS PASTORALISM IN THE REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories - All–Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Yashina Marina Lvovna , Solntseva Olga Viktorovna ,   Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin
Published: October 2024

The determining factor in the spatial development of agriculture was still natural conditions, however, in many regions there was a constant violation of the interaction of socio-economic and natural factors that form a relatively stable combination of dominant and complementary types of agriculture and its individual sub-sectors. Despite certain positive aspects in the spatial organization of agriculture in a few regions, which has recently begun to take into account the bioclimatic potential of the country's territory to a greater extent, its location and specialization still do not fully meet the requirements of regional systems of industry management, the creation of specialized high-tech production zones on certain types of agricultural products and sustainable development of rural areas. The existing long-term disproportions in the spatial development of agriculture are manifested in almost most regions. Its predominantly spontaneous spatial self-organization is largely a movement towards territorial desertification and economic degradation of a significant part of the country's rural areas, especially the vast but sparsely populated northern and eastern regions of the country. In this regard, when developing a forecast for the spatial development of agriculture and the layout and specialization of production for certain types of agricultural products, it is necessary to take into account not only the existing proportions of the spatial organization of the industry, but also its high inertia, which is due to the long-term nature of most of the factors that form them, since the force of inertia will continue to “shift proportions” towards the west, which predetermines a low probability of a cardinal change in the situation not only in the medium term, but possibly in the long term as well.