bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigational Control Analysis of Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot in an Unknown Terrain Using Back-Propagation Neural Network Integrated Modified DAYANI Approach
Authors: Chhotray Animesh , Parhi Dayal R.
Published: February 2019

The present paper discusses on development and implementation of back-propagation neural network integrated modified DAYANI method for path control of a two-wheeled self-balancing robot in an obstacle cluttered environment. A five-layered back-propagation neural network has been instigated to find out the intensity of various weight factors considering seven navigational parameters as obtained from the modified DAYANI method. The intensity of weight factors is found out using the neural technique with input parameters such as number of visible intersecting obstacles along the goal direction, minimum visible front obstacle distances as obtained from the sensors, minimum left side obstacle distance within the visible left side range of the robot, average of left side obstacle distances, minimum right side obstacle distance within the visible right side range of the robot, average of right side obstacle distances and goal distance from the robot’s probable next position. Comparison between simulation and experimental exercises is carried out for verifying the robustness of the proposed controller. Also, the authenticity of the proposed controller is verified through a comparative analysis between the results obtained by other existing techniques with the current technique in an exactly similar test scenario and an enhancement of the results is witnessed.
Hazards of ventricular pre-excitation to left ventricular systolic function and ventricular wall motion in children: analysis of 25 cases
Authors: Guo Baojing , Dai Chencheng , Li Qiangqiang , Li Wenxiu , Han Ling
Published: February 2019

Aim

The aim was to attach importance to the hazards of ventricular pre-excitation on left ventricular systolic function and size.

Method

We analysed the clinical, electrophysiological, and echocardiographic characteristics of the 25 cases with abnormal ventricular wall motion, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or dilation with co-existing right-sided overt accessary pathways before and after ablation or medication during March 2011 and June 2017. Moreover, we compared the therapy effect between patients with ventricular pre-excitation-induced dilated cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy without ventricular pre-excitation.

Result

Abnormal ventricular wall motion was demonstrated using M-mode echocardiography in 23 cases. The basal segments of the interventricular septum became thin and moved similarly to an aneurysm with typical bulging during end-systole, which was observed in 16 cases. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 14 cases. A total of 23 patients underwent successful ablations and received medications, and the other two patients received only oral medications because of young age. The prognosis of pre-excitation-induced dilated cardiomyopathy is better than idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. All the cases with abnormal ventricular wall motion demonstrated recovery of normal left ventricular ejection fraction and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter through ablation.

Conclusion

Ventricular pre-excitation caused by right-sided accessory pathways may result in abnormal ventricular wall motion, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dilation, and even dilated cardiomyopathy. In some cases with dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular pre-excitation may not be the cause of disease but a harmful factor which hampered the recovering of left ventricular systolic function. These conditions are indications for ablation with good prognosis.
High‐Temperature Deformation Behavior of Synthetic Polycrystalline Magnetite
Authors: Till J. L. , Rybacki E. , Morales L.F.G. , Naumann M.
Published: February 2019

We performed a series of deformation experiments on synthetic magnetite aggregates to characterize the high‐temperature rheological behavior of this mineral under nominally dry and hydrous conditions. Grain growth laws for magnetite were additionally determined from a series of static annealing tests. Synthetic magnetite aggregates were formed by hot isostatic pressing of fine‐grained magnetite powder at 1,100 °C temperature and 300‐MPa confining pressure for 20 hr, resulting in polycrystalline material with a mean grain size around 40 μm and containing 2–4% porosity. Samples were subsequently deformed to axial strains of up to 10% under constant load conditions at temperatures between 900 and 1,150 °C in a triaxial deformation apparatus under 300‐MPa confining pressure at applied stresses in the range of 8–385 MPa or in a uniaxial creep rig at atmospheric pressure with stresses of 1–15 MPa. The aggregates exhibit typical power‐law creep behavior with a mean stress exponent of 3 at high stresses, indicating a dislocation creep mechanism and a transition to near‐Newtonian creep with a mean stress exponent of 1.1 at lower stresses. The presence of water in the magnetite samples resulted in significantly enhanced static grain growth and strain rates. Best‐fit flow laws to the data indicate activation energies of around 460 and 310 kJ/mol for dislocation and diffusion creep of nominally dry magnetite, respectively. Based on the experimentally determined flow laws, magnetite is predicted to be weaker than most major silicate phases in relatively dry rocks such as oceanic gabbros during high‐temperature crustal deformation.
Nonthermal Influences on Mg/Ca in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Review of Culture Studies and Application to the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Gray William R. , Evans David
Published: February 2019

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca is one of the most widely applied sea surface temperature proxies. While the influence of salinity on Mg/Ca has led the accuracy of Mg/Ca‐temperatures to be questioned, the effect of seawater carbonate chemistry (pH) is seldom accounted for down‐core. Using published data sets, we review controls on Mg/Ca in laboratory cultures of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white), Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerina bulloides, and Orbulina universa. All are characterized by a temperature sensitivity of ~6% per °C and a salinity sensitivity of ~4% per salinity unit; all except T. sacculifer are sensitive to carbonate chemistry (−5 to −9% per 0.1 pH units). We demonstrate the down‐core manifestation of these sensitivities using data spanning the last deglaciation and an Earth System Model forced with last glacial maximum conditions. While the effects of salinity are relatively minor, seawater carbonate chemistry exerts a large bias on Mg/Ca temperature if unaccounted for; however, as local pH changes beyond the effect of atmospheric CO2 are relatively small across most of the ocean (less than ±0.05 pH units, 2σ), atmospheric CO2 can be used to accurately correct Mg/Ca temperatures. We present protocols to correct Mg/Ca for pH down‐core using either atmospheric CO2 or (preferably) boron isotopes in a new software package “MgCaRB.”
Forecasting the Structure and Orientation of Earthbound Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Kilpua E.K.J. , Lugaz N. , Mays M. L. , Temmer M.
Published: February 2019

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the key drivers of strong to extreme space weather storms at the Earth that can have drastic consequences for technological systems in space and on ground. The ability of a CME to drive geomagnetic disturbances depends crucially on the magnetic structure of the embedded flux rope, which is thus essential to predict. The current capabilities in forecasting in advance (at least half a day before) the geoeffectiveness of a given CME is however severely hampered by the lack of remote‐sensing measurements of the magnetic field in the corona and adequate tools to predict how CMEs deform, rotate, and deflect during their travel through the coronal and interplanetary space as they interact with the ambient solar wind and other CMEs. These problems can lead not only to overestimation or underestimation of the severity of a storm, but also to forecasting “misses” and “false alarms” that are particularly difficult for the end‐users. In this paper, we discuss the current status and future challenges and prospects related to forecasting of the magnetic structure and orientation of CMEs. We focus both on observational‐ and modeling‐based (first principle and semiempirical) approaches and discuss the space‐ and ground‐based observations that would be the most optimal for making accurate space weather predictions. We also cover the gaps in our current understanding related to the formation and eruption of the CME flux rope and physical processes that govern its evolution in the variable ambient solar wind background that complicate the forecasting.
Modeling the Multiple CME Interaction Event on 6–9 September 2017 with WSA‐ENLIL+Cone
Authors: Werner A. L. E. , Yordanova E. , Dimmock A. P. , Temmer M.
Published: February 2019

A series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) erupted from the same active region between 4–6 September 2017. Later, on 6–9 September, two interplanetary (IP) shocks reached L1, creating a complex and geoeffective plasma structure. To understand the processes leading up to the formation of the two shocks, we model the CMEs with the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge (WSA)‐ENLIL+Cone model. The first two CMEs merged already in the solar corona driving the first IP shock. In IP space, another fast CME presumably interacted with the flank of the preceding CMEs and caused the second shock detected in situ. By introducing a customized density enhancement factor (dcld) in the WSA‐ENLIL+Cone model based on coronagraph image observations, the predicted arrival time of the first IP shock was drastically improved. When the dcld factor was tested on a well‐defined single CME event from 12 July 2012 the shock arrival time saw similar improvement. These results suggest that the proposed approach may be an alternative to improve the forecast for fast and simple CMEs. Further, the slowly decelerating kilometric type II radio burst confirms that the properties of the background solar wind have been preconditioned by the passage of the first IP shock. This likely caused the last CME to experience insignificant deceleration and led to the early arrival of the second IP shock. This result emphasizes the need to take preconditioning of the IP medium into account when making forecasts of CMEs erupting in quick succession.
Deciphering the degradation mechanism of the lead-free all inorganic perovskite Cs2SnI6
Authors: Zhu Weiguang , Xin Guoqing , Scott Spencer M. , Xu Wenqian , Yao Tiankai , Gong Bowen , Wang Yachun , Li Mingxin , Lian Jie
Published: February 2019

Organic-inorganic perovskite materials are revolutionizing photovoltaics with high power conversion efficiencies, but experience significant environmental degradation and instability. In this work, the phase stability and decomposition mechanisms of lead-free all inorganic Cs2SnI6 perovskite upon water and moisture exposure were systematically investigated via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, environmental SEM, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. A critical relative humidity (80%) is identified below which Cs2SnI6 perovskite is stable without decomposition. Under higher humidity or aqueous environment, Cs2SnI6 perovskite decomposes into SnI4 and CsI through etch pits formation and stepwave propagation, leading to rapid crystal dissolution. A partial reversibility of the Cs2SnI6 perovskite upon dissolution and re-precipitation with subsequent dehydration was identified, suggesting a self-healing capability of Cs2SnI6 and thus enhanced air stability. Mechanistic understanding of the Cs2SnI6 degradation behavior can be a vital step towards developing new perovskites with enhanced environmental stability and materials performance.
Genomic landscape of a metastatic malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumor and its response to PI3K inhibition
Authors: Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Sewell Andrew , Almodovar Karinna , Wang Qingguo , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Abramson Richard G. , Kapp Meghan E. , Brown Brandee T. , Boyd Kelli L. , Gilbert Jill , Cohen Daniel N. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zhao Zhongming , Lovly Christine M.
Published: February 2019

Proliferating tricholemmal tumors (PTTs) are rare benign neoplasms that arise from the outer sheath of a hair follicle. Occasionally, these PTTs undergo malignant transformation to become malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumors (MPTTs). Little is known about the molecular alterations, malignant progression, and management of MPTTs. Here, we describe the case of a 58-year-old female that had a widely metastatic MPTT that harbored an activatingPIK3CAmutation and was sensitive to the PI3K inhibitor, alpelisib (BYL719). We review the available literature on metastatic MPTT, detail the patient’s course, and present a whole genome analysis of this rare tumor.
Nematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic interactions in the coexistence of soil animals
Authors: Caruso Tancredi , Hogg Ian D. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Bottos Eric M. , Lee Charles K. , Hopkins David W. , Cary S. Craig , Barrett John E. , Green T. G. Allan , Storey Bryan C. , Wall Diana H. , Adams Byron J.
Published: February 2019

Abiotic factors are major determinants of soil animal distributions and their dominant role is pronounced in extreme ecosystems, with biotic interactions seemingly playing a minor role. We modelled co-occurrence and distribution of the three nematode species that dominate the soil food web of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica). Abiotic factors, other biotic groups, and autocorrelation all contributed to structuring nematode species distributions. However, after removing their effects, we found that the presence of the most abundant nematode species greatly, and negatively, affected the probability of detecting one of the other two species. We observed similar patterns in relative abundances for two out of three pairs of species. Harsh abiotic conditions alone are insufficient to explain contemporary nematode distributions whereas the role of negative biotic interactions has been largely underestimated in soil. The future challenge is to understand how the effects of global change on biotic interactions will alter species coexistence.
Regioselectivity enhancement in synthesis of [70]fullerene derivatives by introduction of a branched structure
Authors: Matsumoto Fukashi , Sumino Shuhei , Iwai Toshiyuki , Ito Takatoshi
Published: February 2019

Regio-purity in [70]fullerene derivatives is of great importance to improve the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics.
Cyanate ester resin based composites with high toughness and thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhai Le , Liu Zhenxin , Li Chen , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Qingxin , Li Guohua , Zhang Xiaojie , Abdel-Magid Beckry
Published: February 2019

h-BN particles were used to fabricate cyanate ester/core–shell structured polyacrylic/BN composites. The impact strength and the thermal conductivity of the composites were simultaneously increased, which may be used in microelectronic packaging.
Comparative research on three types of MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H for esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid
Authors: Ma Lijuan , Xu Luo , Jiang Haoran , Yuan Xia
Published: February 2019

MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H was prepared with three different mineralizers, namely HCl, HF and NaAC, respectively. And catalytic performance and stability of three samples catalyzing the esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid were compared.
Transformation and migration in secondary zinc–air batteries studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray tomography
Authors: Christensen Mathias K. , Mathiesen Jette Katja , Simonsen Søren Bredmose , Norby Poul
Published: February 2019

Unique information about transformation and phase redistribution in a Zn–air battery anode was obtained using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
Oxygen vacancy-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction of the Pt/WO3 electrocatalyst
Authors: Tian Han , Cui Xiangzhi , Zeng Liming , Su Liang , Song Yiling , Shi Jianlin
Published: February 2019

Oxygen vacancy creation in WO3 induces a synergetic catalytic effect between Pt atoms and def-WO3, thus bestowing excellent HER performances.
Using ultra-fast spectroscopy to probe the excited state dynamics of a reported highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophore
Authors: Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Kim Hyungjun , Zimmerman Paul M. , Goodson Theodore
Published: February 2019

Multiple ultrafast spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical simulations (QCS) were used to investigate the excited state dynamics of BCC-TPTA.
Photoredox-catalyzed cascade annulation of N-propargylindoles with sulfonyl chlorides: access to 2-sulfonated 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Shi Shanshan , Gao Xia , Han Shuang , Lin Jinming , Zhao Yufen
Published: February 2019

A photoredox-catalyzed cascade radical reaction of N-propargylindoles and sulfonyl chlorides to 2-sulfonated 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles under external oxidant-free conditions was developed.
A TADF compound with high-contrast mechano-responsive fluorescence on/off switching for both sequential and combinational logic gates
Authors: Mane Sunil Kumar Baburao , Mu Yingxiao , Yang Zhiyong , Ubba Eethamukkala , Shaishta Naghma , Chi Zhenguo
Published: February 2019

Both sequential and combinational type logic gates can be achieved within a TADF luminogen with high-contrast mechano-responsive luminescence.
Non‐linear companding transform for DCO‐OFDM‐based VLC systems
Authors: Xin Duqiang , Xu Qiang , Qiao Shuang , Zhang Tian
Published: February 2019

In this study, a novel non‐linear companding transform (NCT) is proposed for the DC‐biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO‐OFDM) based visible light communications (VLC). The authors lower the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the original DCO‐OFDM signals to mitigate the transmission performance degradation induced by the non‐linearity of the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) transmitter. Firstly, the positive and negative amplitudes of the original DCO‐OFDM signals are separated into two groups. Then, the group with the maximum peak is first processed with a given compress coefficient u1 and power compensation coefficient c. After that, another coefficient u2 is calculated by the emission power conservation criteria to further compress the rest group. Finally, these two groups of amplitude samples are combined together before adding a suitable DC bias for driving LEDs. As the mean power is not changed, a PAPR reduction can be obviously realised by the proposed NCT scheme.
Distributed multiple step ahead prediction considering communication delays
Authors: Alipouri Yousef , Huang Biao
Published: February 2019

Prediction is an essential part of predictive control and is widely applied in control engineering. In a distributed control system configuration, there are signal transmissions between local subsystems. Communication delays impose a limit on the achievable prediction performance. Even though there is a plethora of literatures available for multiple step ahead prediction under the centralised framework, they are traditional techniques that cannot be applied to the distributed framework due to the interactions between the different subsystems and communication delays that have not been taken into account. In this study, a technique for determining the distributed multiple step ahead prediction is proposed which is optimal in sense of the lowest total prediction error variance. The proposed approach is useful for designing optimal controllers or assessing the performance of the implemented control loop while the controller structure has the distributed framework.
State estimation for linear systems with unknown input and random false data injection attack
Authors: Li Li , Yang Huan , Xia Yuanqing , Yang Hongjiu
Published: February 2019

This study focuses on the state estimation problem for a linear system with unknown input and random false data injection attack. The unknown input is treated as a process with a non‐informative prior. A residue‐based detector is used to improve security of the linear system due to the randomness of the attack. Based on different detection information scenarios provided by the detector, a novel state estimator against the false data injection attack is proposed. Convergence and stability on the state estimation are investigated, and sufficient conditions are established to ensure boundedness of mean error covariance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
CAMD: a switch migration based load balancing framework for software defined networks
Authors: Sahoo Kshira Sagar , Sahoo Bibhudatta
Published: February 2019

Software defined networks (SDN) and OpenFlow (OF) technologies have brought a new form of network architecture that simplifies the network management through innovations and programmability. The controller of SDN architecture has an abstract view of the entire network that smoothly handles the underlying hardware devices. In SDN, the control messages (e.g. packet_in) arriving at the controller have the highest contribution of the controller's load. Upon exceeding a certain threshold of these messages, the response time of the controller increases due to the over memory and CPU utilisation. In this respect, the balancing of control messages is essential. To balance this control messages, migration of OF switches from an overloaded controller to an underloaded controller is a viable solution. However, such migration process has to perform with a well‐designed mechanism, failed to this the process might increase the response time of the control events. Taking this into account, the authors introduce controller adaption and migration decision (CAMD) framework, a switch migration based load balancing strategy, which effectively selects both switch and target controller such that it affects the response time minimally. This efficient switch migration technique ensures better load balancing with reduced response time and improved end‐user quality of services.
Performance evaluation of a novel relay‐assisted hybrid FSO/RF communication system with receive diversity
Authors: Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Tabataba Vakili Vahid
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a novel multi‐hop hybrid Free Space Optical (FSO)/RF link is presented; it is made up of two main parts. The first part establishes the connection between the mobile user and source base station, and the second part establishes the connection between the source and the destination base stations. In the first part, a mobile user wants to connect to the source base station via a long range link; therefore, a fixed gain amplify and forward relay with multiple receive antennas is used for communication establishment. In the second part, the source and the destination base stations are connected via a multi‐hop hybrid parallel FSO/RF link with demodulate and forward relaying. Considering the FSO link in Gamma‐Gamma atmospheric turbulence with the effect of pointing error in moderate to strong regime and the Negative Exponential atmospheric turbulence in saturate regime, and the RF link in Rayleigh fading, new closed form exact and asymptotic expressions are derived for the Outage Probability and Bit Error Rate of the proposed structure.
Long‐term statistics of corona loss of HVDC transmission line
Authors: Yu Zhanqing , Wang Xiaorui , Zeng Rong , Liu Lei , Li Min
Published: February 2019

Corona loss is one of the electromagnetic environment parameters of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. So far many countries have carried out researches and measurements on it. In 2008, UHVDC test lines were established in the National Engineering Laboratory for UHV Technology (Kunming) at the altitude about 2100 m. The results in this study are based on the measurement data at the Kunming Experimental Base. The study mainly introduces the influence of the minimum conductor‐to‐ground height, bundle distance and pole spacing on the corona loss.
The EUV spectrum of the Sun: Quiet- and active-Sun irradiances and chemical composition
Authors: Del Zanna G.
Published: February 2019

We benchmark new atomic data against a selection of irradiances obtained from medium-resolution quiet-Sun spectra in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), from 60 to 1040 Å. We used as a baseline the irradiances measured during solar minimum on 2008 April 14 by the prototype (PEVE) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE). We took into account some inconsistencies in the PEVE data, using flight EVE data and irradiances we obtained from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) data. We performed a differential emission measure and find overall excellent agreement (to within the accuracy of the observations, about 20%) between predicted and measured irradiances in most cases, although we point out several problems with the currently available ion charge-state distributions. We used the photospheric chemical abundances of Asplund et al. (2009, ARA&A, 47, 481). The new atomic data are nearly complete in this spectral range for medium-resolution irradiance spectra. Finally, we used observations of the active Sun in 1969 to show that the composition of the solar corona up to 1 MK is nearly photospheric in this case as well. Variations of a factor of 2 are present for higher-temperature plasma, which is emitted within active regions. These results are in excellent agreement with our previous findings.
Impact d’un traitement à la chaux, au ciment ou à base d’argile sur l’érodabilité d’un limon compacté
Authors: Cuisinier Olivier , Mehenni Abdelwadoud , Masrouri Farimah , Lavallée Emmanuel
Published: February 2019

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’étudier l’impact des traitements au ciment, à la chaux ou avec des argiles, des sols compactés sur leurs caractéristiques d’érosion interne. Un nouveau dispositif d’étude de l’érosion interne modifié et amélioré a été conçu pour quantifier les effets de différents traitements sur l’évolution de la résistance à l’érosion interne du limon de Saint-Quentin compacté. Les résultats montrent que l’impact des différents traitements sur les caractéristiques d’érosion de ce limon se traduit principalement par une augmentation de la contrainte critique. Cette augmentation est plus grande avec l’augmentation du dosage, et dans le cas du traitement au ciment. De plus, pour les traitements avec la chaux et le ciment, la contrainte critique tend à augmenter avec le temps de cure. Par ailleurs, le coefficient d’érosion est affecté uniquement par le traitement à la bentonite dans le cas d’utilisation d’un grand dosage de traitement.
A review on optimization of machining performances and recent developments in electro discharge machining
Authors: Nahak Binayaka , Gupta Ankur
Published: February 2019

Electro discharge machining (EDM) is a popular unconventional machining process widely employed in die-making industries. Careful selection of process parameters such as pulse current, voltage, on and off time, etc. is essential for machining of hard and conductive materials using EDM. Previous researchers working in the area of EDM have extensively analyzed the machining performance through experimental study, modeling, and simulation and also by theoretical analysis. This article discusses the significant summary of the work performed by earlier researchers through a detailed literature survey. Relevant literature on EDM and impact of process parameters on performance measures such as surface quality, tool wear rate and material removal rate are reviewed. The challenge and limitation of EDM process are also highlighted in this article. It is observed that optimization of process parameters is essentially required for effective and economical machining. So, this article addresses the various issues related to EDM and also provides brief insight into some of the current generation applications of EDM process explored in various industries.
An optimal quasi solution for the Cauchy problem for Laplace equation in the framework of inverse ECG
Authors: Hernandez-Montero Eduardo , Fraguela-Collar Andres , Henry Jacques
Published: February 2019

The inverse ECG problem is set as a boundary data completion for the Laplace equation: at each time the potential is measured on the torso and its normal derivative is null. One aims at reconstructing the potential on the heart. A new regularization scheme is applied to obtain an optimal regularization strategy for the boundary data completion problem. We consider the ℝn+1domain Ω. The piecewise regular boundary of Ω is defined as the union∂Ω = Γ1∪ Γ0∪ Σ, where Γ1and Γ0are disjoint, regular, andn-dimensional surfaces. Cauchy boundary data is given in Γ0, and null Dirichlet data in Σ, while no data is given in Γ1. This scheme is based on two concepts: admissible output data for an ill-posed inverse problem, and the conditionally well-posed approach of an inverse problem. An admissible data is the Cauchy data in Γ0corresponding to an harmonic function inC2(Ω) ∩H1(Ω). The methodology roughly consists of first characterizing the admissible Cauchy data, then finding the minimum distance projection in theL2-norm from the measured Cauchy data to the subset of admissible data characterized by givena prioriinformation, and finally solving the Cauchy problem with the aforementioned projection instead of the original measurement.
Response functions in linear viscoelastic constitutive equations and related fractional operators
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: February 2019

This study addresses the stress–strain relaxation functions of solid polymers in the framework of the linear viscoelasticity with aim to establish the adequate fractional operators emerging from the hereditary integrals. The analysis encompasses power-law and non-power-law materials, thus allowing to see the origins of application of the tools of the classical fractional calculus with singular memory kernels and the ideas leading towards fractional operators with non-singular (regular) kernels. A step ahead in modelling with hereditary integrals is the decomposition of non-power-law relaxation curves by Prony series, thus obtaining discrete relaxation kernels with a finite number of terms. This approach allows for seeing the physical background of the newly defined Caputo–Fabrizio time fractional derivative and demonstrates how other constitutive equations could be modified with non-singular fading memories. The non-power-law relaxation curves also allow for approximations by the Mittag–Leffler function of one parameter that leads reasonably into stress–strain hereditary integrals in terms of Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative of Caputo sense. The main outcomes of the analysis done are the demonstrated distinguishes between the relaxation curve behaviours of different materials and are therefore the adequate modelling with suitable fractional operators.
Modeling and analysis of fractional neutral disturbance waves in arterial vessels
Authors: Song Feixue , Yu Zheyuan , Yang Hongwei
Published: February 2019

The behavior of neutral disturbance in arterial vessels has attracted more and more attention in recent decades because it carries some important information which can be applied to predict and diagnose related heart disease, such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension, etc. Because of the complexity of blood flow in arteries, it is very necessary to construct accurate mathematical model and analyze the mechanical behavior of neutral disturbance in arterial vessels. In this paper, start from the basic equations of blood flow and the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation, the vorticity equation describing the disturbance flow is presented. Then, by use of multi-scale analysis and perturbation expansion method, the ZK equation is put forward which can reflect the behavior of the neutral perturbation flow in arterial vessels. Compared with the traditional KdV model, the model established in the paper can show the propagation of the disturbance flow in the radius direction. Furthermore, the time-fractional ZK equation is derived by semi-inverse method and Agrawal’s method, which is more convenient and accurate for discussing the feature of neutral disturbance in arterial vessels and can provide more information for analyzing some related heart disease. Meanwhile, with the help of the modified extended tanh method, the above mentioned equation is solved. The results show that neutral disturbance exists in arterial vessels and propagates in the form of solitary waves. By calculating, we find the relation of the stroke volume with vascular radius, blood flow velocity as well as the fractional order parameterα, which is very meaningful for preventing and treating related heart disease because the stroke volume is closely linked with heart disease.
Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review
Authors: Rouatbi Mariem , Amairia Safa , Amdouni Yosra , Boussaadoun Mohamed Anis , Ayadi Ouarda , Al-Hosary Amira Adel Taha , Rekik Mourad , Ben Abdallah Rym , Aoun Karim , Darghouth Mohamed Aziz , Wieland Barbara , Gharbi Mohamed
Published: February 2019

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. The disease is distributed worldwide and can affect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The present review aimed to collect, compile and summarize the data on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans and animals in the five North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt). Published data from national and international databases were used. Distribution patterns and risk factors for T. gondii infection are discussed, focusing on biotic and abiotic factors. This review is a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of T. gondii infection in North Africa and will therefore be a useful tool for researchers. It can also be used to propose or enhance appropriate national toxoplasmosis control programs.
Damit Leitlinien keine Leidlinien werden – Leitlinie Rehabilitation der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall (ReMoS)
Authors: Pott Claudia , Tiebel Jakob
Published: February 2019

Seit 2015 gibt es die S2e-Leitlinie ReMoS zur Rehabilitation der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall. Bis heute gelingt die Implementierung in die klinische Praxis nur schleppend. Für Praktiker scheint es schwierig, den über 250 Empfehlungen die für sie relevanten Infos zu entnehmen. Jakob Tiebel und Claudia Pott zeigen die für Therapeuten wichtigen Aspekte in übersichtlichen Tabellen.
Particularities and Clinical Applicability of Saccharin Transit Time Test
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda , Freire Ana Paula , Uzeloto Juliana , Xavier Rafaella , Ito Juliana , Rocha Marceli , Calciolari Renata , Ramos Dionei , Ramos Ercy
Published: February 2019

Introduction The importance of mucociliary clearance (MCC) for the respiratory system homeostasis is clear. Therefore, evaluating this defense mechanism is fundamental in scientific research and in the clinical practice of pulmonology and of associated areas. However, MCC evaluation has not been so usual due to the complexity of methods that use radiolabeled particles. Nevertheless, as an interesting alternative, there is the saccharin transit time (STT) test. This method is reproducible, simple to perform, noninvasive, does not demand high costs, and has been widely used in studies of nasal MCC. Although the STT test is widely used, there is still lack of a detailed description of its realization.

Objective The present literature review aims to provide basic information related to the STT test and to present the findings of the previous studies that used this method, discussing variations in its execution, possible influences on the obtained results and limitations of the method, as well as to relate our experience with the use of STT in researches.

Data Synthesis There are several factors that can alter the results obtained from STT tests, which would raise difficulties with proper interpretation and with the discussion of the results among different studies.

Conclusions Saccharin transit time is a widely used method for the evaluation of nasal MCC, and therefore, the standardization related to the previous and concurrent to test orientations, and also its execution, become essential to improve its accuracy, and allow comparisons among different studies.
Effectiveness of Protocolized Sedation Utilizing the COMFORT-B Scale in Mechanically Ventilated Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Saelim Kantara , Chavananon Shevachut , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Prasertsan Pharsai , Anuntaseree Wanaporn
Published: February 2019

Appropriate sedation in mechanically ventilated patients is important to facilitate adequate respiratory support and maintain patient safety. However, the optimal sedation protocol for children is unclear. This study assessed the effectiveness of a sedation protocol utilizing the COMFORT-B sedation scale in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in children. This was a nonrandomized prospective cohort study compared with a historical control. The prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2015 and August 2016 and included 58 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). All patients received protocolized sedation utilizing the COMFORT-B scale, which was assessed every 12 hours after intubation by a single assessor. The prospective data were compared with retrospective data of 58 mechanically ventilated patients who received sedation by usual care from November 2014 to August 2015. Fifty percent of 116 patients were male and the mean age was 22 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.6–68.4). Patients in the intervention group showed no difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation (median 4.5 [IQR: 2.2–10.5] vs. 5 [IQR: 3–8.8] days). Also, there were no significant differences in the PICU length of stay (LOS; median 7 vs. 7 days, p = 0.59) and hospital LOS (median 18 vs. 14 days, p = 0.14) between the intervention and control groups. The percentages of sedative drugs, including fentanyl, morphine, and midazolam, in each group were not statistically different. The COMFORT-B scale with protocolized sedation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients in the PICU did not reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation compared with usual care.
Kaffee, Kippe, Kaugummi – Mythen und Fakten zur präoperativen Nüchternheit
Authors: Schieren Mark , Wappler Frank
Published: February 2019

Zur Reduktion des Aspirationsrisikos gelten strikte Vorgaben für präoperative Nüchternzeiten. Für klare Flüssigkeiten (2 Stunden) und feste Nahrung (6 Stunden) sind diese eindeutig definiert; der Einfluss von Kaffee, Rauchen und Kaugummi wird dagegen kontrovers diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Mythen zur präoperativen Nüchternheit bestehen und durch welche Fakten sich das Risiko verlässlich einordnen lässt.
Thermoelectric transport at F4TCNQ–silicon interface
Authors: Liu Naiming , Peters Jonathan , Ramu Ashok , Floro Jerrold A. , Bowers John E. , Zebarjadi Mona
Published: February 2019

Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are among the latest class of materials proposed for thermoelectric applications. The organic-inorganic interface is critical in determining the effective transport properties of the hybrid material. We study the thermoelectric properties of the tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ)–silicon interface. Transfer of electrons from silicon to F4TCNQ results in holes trapped within the screening length of the interface that can move parallel to the interface. We measure the response of these trapped charges to applied temperature differential and compare the thermoelectric transport properties of the silicon with and without F4TCNQ. The results confirm the presence of interface charges and demonstrate an enhanced interface thermoelectric power factor. These outcomes of this study could be used in designing 3D hybrid structures with closely packed interfaces to replicate a bulk thermoelectric material.
Occurrence characteristics of harmful and non-harmful algal species related to coastal environments in the southern sea of Korea
Authors: Kim Jin Ho , Lee Minji , Lim Young Kyun , Kim Yun Ji , Baek Seung Ho
Published: February 2019

Because the phytoplankton community and blooms are regulated by various environmental factors, it is difficult to define the cause and occurrence of the phenomenon of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study evaluated the phytoplankton community and occurrence characteristic of HAB species related to coastal environments in South Korea, 2016. In summer, because of strong upwelling event, the surface sweater temperature around Geoje Island was abnormally low (17°C), and an unusual high temperature (29°C) and low salinity (29psu) were measured in offshore area. Diatoms and dinoflagellates showed contrasting occurrences during the survey period. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore area, whereas dinoflagellates occurred in the offshore area. The phytoplankton-community structures were established depending on different hydro-oceanographic characteristics. In statistical analysis, HABs of dinoflagellate Karenia appeared in upwelling areas with a high nutritional content, whereas Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium and Prorocentrum appeared in areas of low nutrients in June, and HAB species showed an equivalent tendency to appear at high water temperature and low saline level in August. Our results indicated that hydro-oceanographic events such as river discharge, current and upwelling play important roles in determining the phytoplankton community and potential occurrence characteristics of HABs in the coastal environment of South Korea.
A comparative analysis of the keyword multicultural(ism) in French, British, German and Italian migration discourse
Authors: Schröter Melani , Veniard Marie , Taylor Charlotte , Blätte Andreas
Published: February 2019

This chapter looks into discourses about migration in four European countries through the lens of cultural keywords (cf. Williams 1983; Bennett et al. 2005; Wierzbicka 1997); using Corpus Assisted Discourse Analysis, it compares the use of the keywords multicultural and multiculturalism. The study is based on corpora from British, French, German and Italian newspaper articles covering the time span 1998–2012, collated from one conservative and one left-liberal national newspaper in each language.

Across the languages, the results show that the adjective multicultural is mostly descriptive of a state of affairs, typically without negative evaluation, and that the noun multiculturalism is associated with abstract concepts and points to a more negative discourse prosody, indicated by collocates such as ‘failure’.
Featuring immigrants and citizens
Authors: Sánchez Purificación , Aguado-Jimenez Pilar , Pérez-Paredes Pascual
Published: February 2019

This study highlights the different approaches to the construction of immigrants and citizens that United Kingdom and Spain seem to have favoured in the period 2007–2011. A corpus of legislation (EN-1, SP-1) and another of information texts (EN-3, SP-3) produced by the administrations of both countries were compiled during the period 2007–2011 and the terms “immigrant”, “inmigrante”, “citizen” and “ciudadano” were profiled through collocation analysis. Regarding “immigrant” and “inmigrante”, our results show that while the British administration is interested in control procedures for immigrants, the Spanish one advocates their integration. As for “citizen” and “ciudadano” the first term is related to regulation of entry, registration and naturalization, whereas “ciudadano” appears mainly associated to the EU, residence and access to public services.
Aspects of threat construction in the Polish anti-immigration discourse
Authors: Cap Piotr
Published: February 2019

Proximization Theory (PT) (Cap 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017; among others) is a cognitive-critical model that accounts for the ways in which the discursive construction of closeness and remoteness can be manipulated in the political sphere and bound up with fear, security and conflict. This article applies PT in the domain of state political discourse in today's Poland, outlining strategies whereby anti-immigration stance and policies are legitimized by discursively constructed fear appeals and other coercion patterns. It demonstrates how the ‘emerging’, ‘growing’, ‘gathering’ threats – physical as well as ideological – are construed by the Polish right-wing government, who thus claim their right to oppose EU immigration agreements and pursue strict anti-immigration measures.
Representations of the 2015/2016 “migrant crisis” on the online portals of Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters
Authors: Šarić Ljiljana , Felberg Tatjana Radanović
Published: February 2019

This chapter investigates the verbal and visual representation of migration and migrants in Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters’ online portals during the “migrant crisis” in 2015/2016. The study shows that migrants are generally positively represented, which is congruent with the official policies of Croatia and Serbia. This positive representation was frequently used for positive self-evaluation of these countries’ influential social actors, and negative evaluation of neighboring countries. The chapter employs macro- and micro-linguistic analysis within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and multimodal analysis.
Representation of unaccompanied migrant children from Central America in the United States
Authors: Catalano Theresa , Mitchell-McCollough Jessica
Published: February 2019

This chapter examines the representation of unaccompanied minors fleeing Central America (namely Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) in U.S. online national news sources over a one-year period and compares this to the way these children talk about their own perceptions of migration and their motivation for moving. Data collection consisted of online news reports on unaccompanied minors from Central America in the United States as well as interviews with children collected from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations. Multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals a qualitative difference in discourse (e.g., use of metaphor, metonymy, deixis and visual elements) that varies depending on whether the sources are media reports or personal accounts from the children themselves.
Displaced Ukrainians
Authors: A'Beckett Ludmilla
Published: February 2019

This paper compares several discourse representations of migrants in the British media with the data on Ukrainian displaced people from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine. The comparison shows that mainstream media in Russia and Ukraine attempt to depict displaced Ukrainians sympathetically, to win the hearts and minds of the people from the disputed conflict zone and to evoke approval from the international community. Participants in online debates in both countries actively use different techniques of negativisation of the images of migrants. They often either rely on a novel vocabulary for abuses or adapt old disparaging expressions activating cultural prejudices. The paper concludes that Russian and Ukrainian sets of abuse developed during the confrontation reinforce the specifics of the national vision of the conflict development.
Preaching from a distant pulpit
Authors: Boyd Michael S.
Published: February 2019

On 18 September 2015, in the midst of the greatest movement of refugees and migrants that Europe has seen since the Second World War, The New York Times published an editorial entitled “Europe should see refugees as a Boon, not as a Burden.” Not surprisingly, the article received well over 450 comments from readers reflecting the myriad of opinions about the complex issue of (European) migration and refugees. This paper is interested in the discourses about (European) migration that emerge from both the editorial and reader comments. Partially inspired by Text World Theory (Werth 1995), the study attempts to determine readers’ varying opinions about the issue and how this reflects and/or diverges from the view(s) presented by the editorial.