bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecast of temperature and filtration regime of melt dams with liquid coolers
Authors: Aniskin Nikolai , Antonov A
Published: July 2020

The article discusses a joint temperature and filtration problem in relation to soil dams with seasonal liquid coolers operating in permafrost conditions. The problem is solved using the finite element method in a locally-variation formulation. A numerical model of the temperature and filtration regime of the “dam-base” system has been developed. Studies have been carried out with consistent consideration of the main operating factors. The results of the study of the temperature and filtration state of the structure, taking into account the factors of heat and mass transfer and phase transitions, showed that the use of liquid coolers is well suited for creating a monolithic frozen curtain at the stage of the start of the structure operation. The obtained regression equations can be used at the initial design stage (feasibility study) or for the analysis of the temperature regime of existing ones.
Evaluation of thermal cracks in mass concrete structures during construction
Authors: Aniskin Nikolay , Nguyen Trong Chuc
Published: July 2020

During construction, the problem of temperature crack formation in mass concrete structures is really an important issue that needs attention and research. This paper provides an overview of the current criteria for evaluating the possibility of forming thermal cracks. At the same time, the concrete block under certain construction conditions was considered to predict the temperature field and thermal stress. Besides that, the numerical method has been implemented with the help of Midas software for structural analysis. The results obtained allow us to assess the risk of thermal cracking and compare it with the criteria used in actual construction practices.
Safety of urban buildings near explosive objects
Authors: Bazhina Elena , Bazhin Pavel
Published: July 2020

The article outlines the basic principles for choosing the most rational urban development near explosive urban facilities. The developed principles make it possible to minimize risks both for newly constructed and for constructed urban facilities located near energy-intensive industries.

The following points must first be made. There are several possible options that are pursued in determining the security status of objects, people and territories adjacent to explosive objects. Firstly, it can be preliminary calculations for assessing safety zones, and secondly, the purpose of research can be to determine the degree of safety of a particular object located near the alleged source of an emergency explosion. For example, an oil refinery, which is energy-intensive and occupies a significant territory through which mechanisms and people move and on which industrial and auxiliary buildings are located.

Let us turn to the methodology for calculating the dynamic characteristics at a certain point in the air medium disturbed by the explosion.

The technique used is a difference analogue of the laws of conservation of mass and momentum. In this case, the entire computational domain is preliminarily divided into a certain number of computational cells in which the calculation of the parameters of the medium is carried out. The method used to calculate the parameters characterizing the interaction of compression waves with buildings and structures is based on a numerical scheme. Its essence is reduced to direct numerical integration of conservation laws in a differential form with the use of integral conservation laws. This method is known as the Godunov method and is used to solve non-stationary problems of hydrodynamics.

The results of the calculation of the effect of compression waves on buildings during a deflagration emergency explosion at a nearby energy-consuming facility – fuel filling station (AZS) are considered.
Investment support for the implementation of scientific developments as a basis for the production of construction materials
Authors: Peshkov A V
Published: July 2020

The introduction of new types of materials is one of the conditions of economic growth, as well as the means to meet public needs and realize the interests of society, to constantly expand the market space of competing subjects of the economy. The development and introduction of new types of materials into production is of great importance for the State as a means of increasing competitiveness and eliminating the dependence of the State on the mismatch of life cycles of produced materials. Many interesting technologies and materials are emerging today, but there are many barriers to innovation and to modernization in the construction industry. The construction industry is the main opportunity for the growth of competitiveness and prosperity of the national economy. Therefore, its high-tech development is so necessary in modern realities. Moreover, the knowledge and application of new technologies in construction is extremely important for citizens, which will lead to savings in the construction and maintenance of residential premises. In general, the construction industry needs to get state stimulation of the development and introduction of innovative technologies in construction, which will allow to dramatically increase the volume of construction in the country and stimulate the introduction of innovations, otherwise against the background of the growing progress in developed countries construction revolution risks a final loss of competitiveness in this sphere.
Technology for repairing and improving energy efficiency of enclosing structures of large-panel buildings of the 1-335 series
Authors: Petrov A V , Petunin A G , Samarkina E V
Published: July 2020

The article deals with technological and design solutions for repairs with increasing the thermal properties of wall panels of large-panel buildings of the first series of mass developments. A technology for restoring wall panels using modified structural and heat-insulating concrete is proposed. The technology of repair of gas-concrete panels increases the thermal characteristics of building envelope structures to the level close to the standard, reduces their physical wear. Analysis of repair and restoration works of gas-concrete panels with modified material showed the rationality and financial attractiveness in comparison with the method of shotcrete and subsequent insulation and installation of a ventilated facade.
Oxidized thermally expanded graphite as a raw material for the production of cement composites
Authors: Selezneva O , Orlov V , Shustov P
Published: July 2020

One of the current tasks is to improve the performance of cement composites. Effective ways to solve a problem is to use a new generation of carbon - containing modifiers. The regulation of the physical and mechanical and operational properties of cement composites must be carried out at the micro level, by regulating the structure formation of the cement matrix One of the promising directions is the use of graphene as a carbon-containing modifier. The article represents research data on oxidized thermally expanding graphite. The results of microscopic and laser diffraction granulometric analyzes are represented. The performed studies allowed to characterize the properties of the research material. The analysis of particle size distribution was carried out on a Fritsch NanoTec laser particle size measuring device with a dispersion unit in a liquid space with a total measurement range from 0.01 to 2100 μm and showed a decrease in size from 574 μm to 22.2 μm. Microscopic research was carried out by using a scanning (raster) electron microscope TESCAN Mira 3 with a magnification range of x1 – x1 000,000. The experimental results presented in the present research prove the effectiveness of using oxidized thermally expanding graphite as a modifier of cement composites.
Whiskers as perspective input material for production of high temperature resistant ceramic building materials
Authors: Shishelova T I , Fedchishin V V , Hromovskih M A
Published: July 2020

Production of electric power by nuclear power plants (NPP) in the world and in Russia accounts for about 17%. Much attention is currently paid to safe NPP operation and to enhancement of their reliability. Present-day nuclear power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled rectors require development and application of new composite materials capable to withstand high temperatures and mechanical stresses. Ceramic composite materials where whiskers of heat-resistant chemical compounds are used as reinforcement fibers look promising for those purposes. The paper investigates and analyses the opportunity of applying whiskers as reinforcement fibers for heat-resistant composite ceramic building materials. Studies revealed that whiskers of silicon carbide and aluminium nitride are resistant towards high temperature heating without notable change in their chemical composition. It was found out that mono crystals of silicon carbide have higher mechanical strength owing to lack of defects in its structure. Linear heat expansion factors of silicon carbide that are needed for thermo-chemical calculations of composite materials on its base were determined.
Justification of the estimated difference in the potential of the water autonomous heating system
Authors: Kuzmin S I , Zateeva A V
Published: July 2020

This paper provides a method for justifying the cost-effective ratio of heat supply and the surface of the heat output of heating system appliances. The results of a comparative assessment of changes in operating costs from the parameters of the heating system are presented.
The study of the use of “Dezolak” for disinfection and deodorization of sewage sludge
Authors: Sherbakov V I , Chizhik K I , Pomogaeva V V , Tararykov O Y
Published: July 2020

Experimental studies on the decontamination and stabilization of sludge were carried out using the product “Desolak”, which is calcium oxide treated with a disinfectant. As a result of the research, it was found that the sewage sludge of Voronezh is safe and can be used as organic fertilizer for growing agricultural plants. The determination of the content of mineral nutrients in the soil and the soil reaction showed that the application of organic fertilizers in the form of sludge in comparison to the variant without fertilizers increases the content of nitrogen nitrate, exchange potassium, and mobile phosphorus in the soil. At the same time, the mass fraction of impurities of toxic elements in the soil decreases when sewage sludge is added as an organic-lime fertilizer.
Basic principles of development of green and open spaces in the structure of the historical city on the example of the cities of Dresden, Stuttgart
Authors: Kozlov V V , Ivanova K G , Belomestnyh S S
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop basic principles for the development of green and open spaces in the structure of the modern historical city on the example of Dresden, Stuttgart. This could serve as an important tool for the analysis of the functional and planning features of other major historical cities and would suggest the main directions of optimization and expansion of recreational zones in the design. Sources for the article were literary publications about the past and present Dresden, Stuttgart, cartographic materials, historical photographs and photographs taken during the in-kind survey. As a result, the main provisions concerning the prospects of green areas valuable for creating an enabling environment are formulated.
Religious buildings in developing Irkutsk city image
Authors: Kulakov A I , Ri A U
Published: July 2020

The article addresses some features and patterns of developing the city image. It highlights the trends to develop both natural sites and the historical heritage such as religious buildings. The research aims at looking into efficient methods to plan the urban environment when maintaining the original architectural appearance of Irkutsk.
Development of investment zones in the renewal model for a former industrial city: Case-Study of Chattanooga
Authors: Lyapin A
Published: July 2020

The article describes the advanced experience of the USA which have been developing investment zones in modernizing the economy and the planning structure of cities using the example of Chattanooga (Tennessee). The initial state of the economic and social decline of Chattanooga in the early 1980s is described. The results of the analysis of social groups that initiated the process of modernization of the urban economy in the first half of the 1980s are presented. The importance and role of urban planning and new land management policies implemented in Chattanooga are identified. The initial and strategic aspects of the economic growth which have become drivers of the urban development are identified. The role and importance of tourism, new tourist attractions and a new network of natural parks, which became the basis for the tourist flow at the national level, are described. The types of new investment zones are determined and their connection with the development of the planning framework of the city is described.
Modern aspects of the formation and implementation of environmental policy in an urban conditions
Authors: Pesotskaya E , Selyutina L , Chernykh A
Published: July 2020

The article tells about the current environmental components of a modern urban system. It describes the features of environmental policy and investigates the methodological foundations of its formation and implementation. The paper highlights the main methodological principles of environmental policy and reveals their content and the possibility of using in management tools of the environmental policy in the urban conditions. Particular attention is paid to the study of tourism development in the context of ecologization of the city’s economy. The article also reveals the essence of the concept of “ecologization of tourist activity” and describes the directions of its implementation with the emphasis on the managerial aspect. It shows the necessity of developing plans and programs for the ecologization of tourism based on the analysis of the mutual influence of the functioning of the tourism sector and the environment.
Housing cost dependence on transport accessibility territory of industrial city
Authors: Sharov M I , Lebedeva O A
Published: July 2020

The study the housing cost dependence on the transport accessibility of the territory of the city will improve the efficiency of the route network and will lead to a reduction in overall transportation costs. The research algorithm consisted of the following stages: data on transport accessibility were systematized; calculation of time costs assessed transport accessibility by city zones; the dependence of the cost per square meter on the time cost of movement is obtained. When assessing the impact of transport accessibility on the housing cost it is important to pay attention to the remoteness from the central part of the city, the proximity of highways, the system of access roads; the proximity of public transport stops with a large number of routes connecting different zones. The study was conducted on the example of the city of Angarsk, the reliability of the obtained results confirmed by generally accepted statistical criteria was substantiated. The availability of tools to conduct a detailed and accurate assessment of accessibility is one of the most important scientific studies in the framework of transport planning now.
An analysis of traffic flow distribution on roads
Authors: Volkova E V , Stepanenko A A
Published: July 2020

Traffic intensity is the main parameter determining the road category and all other road design and construction requirements. The aim of this article is to study patterns of traffic intensity on the example of a local highway Egorovshchina – Ryazanovshchina in Irkutsk region. The article presents results of traffic intensity measurements by hours and calculation of reduced traffic intensity taking into account the traffic flow depending on the number of axles and load capacity. Diagrams of the hourly dependence of traffic intensity and traffic flow distribution were created taking into account the traffic flow mix. Traffic intensity reduced to a passenger car was calculated. The research result is patterns of traffic intensity distribution by the traffic flow mix required for calculating reduced traffic intensity.
The current situation with the issue of modeling of flat and spatial structures based on wood
Authors: Dmitrieva T L , Podshivalova K A , Pinaykin I P
Published: July 2020

The analysis of the current state of issues related to the construction of design and optimization models of flat and spatial core structures based on wood under static and seismic impacts is presented. The need to develop methods for finding the best projects for such structures, which would allow for rational technical solutions, taking into account the set criterion of optimality and all the requirements for their tense-deformed state. Particular attention is paid to the construction of adequate calculation models taking into account the anisotropic structure of wood.
Corporate information systems in construction
Authors: Fedorova S V
Published: July 2020

Under continuous increasing competition, only companies that use the most optimal methods can survive and succeed. One of the most relevant and successful business models is outsourcing. It was developed by the Electronic Data System (EDS) Company in 1963. In the 1980s, the outsourcing became an effective way to optimize costs and increase profitability. In the 1990s, it was revealed that the outsourcing contributes to the rationalization of company structures and their activities focusing on the main subject and transferring peripheral, official functions to external specialists. The transition to the post-industrial economy contributed to the implementation of this method in data processing and company management systems.
Problematic aspects of the management system for large-panel low-rise construction
Authors: Bezrukikh O
Published: July 2020

Solving the housing problem in the Russian Federation is one of the strategic and priority directions of the state’s social and economic policy. The government of the Russian Federation is taking consistent steps to activate low-rise housing construction in the construction market. In 2018, the share of low-rise housing construction in the Russian Federation was 42% of the total volume of housing commissioned. It should be noted that in order to solve the housing problem in Russia, when building low-rise buildings, it is necessary to give priority to technologies that will ensure low cost of housing for consumers, fast construction times and the required design solutions. Based on these requirements, the progressive technology of low-rise housing construction is large-panel housing construction. The relevance and versatility of the problem of increasing the efficiency of large-panel housing construction technology in low-rise construction determines the need to improve the entire economic mechanism and management of production and economic processes. Improving and implementing new management methods, in this case, the form of organizing a consortium, will allow construction organizations to ensure effective interaction with elements of the macro environment, ensure the implementation of the strategy for the development of the housing sector, efficiently allocate the resources of organizations and achieve their goals, both in the long and short term.
Specificity assessment and management of financial stability of construction companies
Authors: Kretova N V , Khokhlova G I , Kretova A A , Yu Khokhlova A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the features of assessing and managing the financial stability of construction companies. The object of this study is entrepreneurial activity in the construction sector. The subject of the study is specific aspects of analysis and management of financial stability in construction organizations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: 1) determining the features, problems and trends in the development of the construction industry in Russia; 2) identifying the specifics of the functioning of finance in the construction sector; 3) systematization of factors that affect the activity of enterprises in the construction sector; 4) assessment of the financial stability of the construction company, taking into account the regulatory and industry average values. A classification of factors affecting financial stability by a number of system-forming features is proposed. The most significant indicators for assessing the financial stability of construction companies are determined, taking into account the industry specifics for making management decisions.
The role and place of small innovative enterprises in the construction industry in the modern economy of single-industry towns
Authors: Skorobogatova Y A , Bovkun A S , Yu Ivanov M , Shilova O S
Published: July 2020

This article gives an author’s interpretation of a Russian single-industry town, in which the key factor in the socio-economic development of a territory is the successful development of a town-forming enterprise. It is proved that the development of single-industry towns can be promoted by the development of small innovative entrepreneurship. One of the promising forms of small business development may be the construction industry, which is one of the most promising industries in Russia. The main social functions of small business in the construction industry are highlighted.
The factors that influence the dynamic development of the construction industry in a remote region
Authors: Tayurskaya O V , Okladnikova D R , Bibarsov K R
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the development of the construction industry on the example of a remote region. The construction complex has always played a leading role in the development of the Russian economy as a whole and in some of its regions. The construction industry accounts for 6 % of global GDP. moreover, the construction sector is interconnected with almost all other sectors of the economy. Construction is one of the main types of economic activity, as it provides for the creation of new, expansion and reconstruction of existing fixed assets. Due to the developed construction industry, the most important tasks of structural adjustment of the material base of the entire production complex in the country are being solved, as well as conditions for the development of non-production sectors are being created. Construction is a branch of material production where objects of production and non-production infrastructure (buildings, structures, highways, etc.) are created. The state of the construction market is always an indicator of the successful development of the country’s economy as a whole. [1]
Infrastructure project planning
Authors: Urazova N G , Kotelnikov N V , Martynyuk A V
Published: July 2020

This article analyzes problems arising when implementing large infrastructure projects whose number is increasing due to the transition of companies to project management. The study focuses on significant budget overruns and longtime delays in project implementation. The authors developed an approach that allows for effective project stratum decisions. The works of foreign scientists who studied experience of large infrastructure project implementation were analyzed. The analysis helped identify main causes of cost overruns and construction delays (lack of high-quality analysis of data used for project budgeting and scheduling).
Formation of the fuel and energy complex of Eastern Siberia in the 1960s–2010s: construction of energy enterprises
Authors: Uvarova O A , Naumova O E
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the formation experience of the fuel and energy complex of Eastern Siberia. Based on the analysis of a large number of archival materials, it is shown how enterprises of oil and gas production, coal industry, and hydropower were built under the conditions of the controlled and planned economy. The geography of Eastern Siberia contemplated the construction of powerful industries, which became natural monopolies under the new economic conditions. The coal industry was mostly privatized. Today, the enterprises producing and processing oil, gas, and hydropower operate in the frame of private-public partnership. Siberia has never experienced a shortage of electricity. Its cost was low; therefore, the enterprises were highly profitable. The market economy identified new trends: strengthening of the export-orientedness of the enterprises in the energy sector; attraction of foreign investment into organizing the construction of the newest enterprises; rapid introduction of new technologies; and increase in the uneven development of the region. Summary of historical experience can serve as a source of understanding of modern economic realities.
The model of ecologically oriented development of managerial technologies in construction sphere
Authors: Nuzhina I P , Kaverzina L A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of research is creation of concept model of ecologically oriented development of managerial technologies in construction sphere based on greening theory. The meaning of greening was shown as modern development of economics. In addition, principles of greening management in construction sphere were offered and discussed. Development directions of managerial technologies were reviewed through selecting of organization forms of interaction of project participants, methods of realization, regulators of building activity, instruments of ecological and economic efficiency of projects and building manufacture and also development of ecological competence of specialists. It was shown that adaptation of current system of building management to conditions of ecological oriented development is possible on base of institutionalization of social and economic responsibility of building business.
Study on Outer Rotor FSCW Permanent Magnet Machines for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Electric Green Taxiing Systems
Authors: Xu Hua , Hu Yaohua , Yang Jinpeng
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the possibility of adopting an outer rotor fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Electric Green Taxiing (EGT) application. The electromagnet performance such as no-load air-gap flux density, flux linkage distribution, electromotive force (EMF), average torque, torque ripple, and iron losses are studied by finite-element analysis (FEA). The results show the iron loss is mainly effected by the machine frequency. The unmanned aerial vehicle EGT structure are introduced, which includes the outer rotor FSCW PM machine, the reducer, the clutch, and the tire.
Numerical Study on Flow Regulation Characteristics of High Temperature Jet Vortex Valve
Authors: Zhang L , Wei Z J
Published: July 2020

The use of a high-temperature jet vortex valve without moving parts for the secondary jet of the vector nozzle can meet the needs of the secondary jet flow regulation of the vector nozzle in a high temperature and high pressure environment. The high-temperature jet vortex valve is a valve device with a certain amplification effect that uses a small cold flow to regulate a large flow of high-temperature gas flow. This paper uses numerical simulation to investigate the flow field distribution and flow adjustment characteristics of the vortex valve in different control pressure ratio when the main gas pressure of the vortex valve is 16 MPa and the temperature is 2500K. The results show that the high-temperature jet vortex valve relies on different radial pressure gradients generated by different control flow pressures could achieve the effect of adjusting the flow rate of high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The results proved the feasibility of the vortex valve in adjusting the secondary jet flow rate of the nozzle; further exploring indicated that the flow adjustment ratio TD will change when the ratio of the control flow port area to the outlet area changes.
A Study on Towing Capacity with Deflated Tires of a Certain Type of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Zhenwei
Published: July 2020

It is a very important ability whether civil aircraft allows the towing operation when tires flat in actual operating. Based on a certain type of regional aircraft, associating with ground load, ground equipment, landing gear structure, weight balance and maintenance engineering specialty etc, this paper studies the related airworthiness clauses of towing with deflated tires, analyzes the towing load of a certain type of aircraft and defines the scene when towing with deflated tires occur. Procedures of the normal towing and deflation towing are analyzed and similarities and differences of competing types of aircraft are also compared. On this basis, the actual towing ability of a certain type of aircraft is evaluated and more research on weight, safety factor of towbar and other aspects is conducted. Finally, the conclusion is provided that this type of aircraft has towing ability with single deflated tire by exceeding 60% of load requirement of the clause and being confirmed by strength evaluation.
Research on Command Allocation Method for Flying Wing Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Ning
Published: July 2020

Flying wing has nice aerodynamic efficiency, good loading and stealth characteristics, it is an ideal aerodynamic configuration for reconnaissance, transportation and bombing type aircraft. However, flying wing aircraft suffers from poor stability and control characteristics, which makes it difficult to design and control. Due to elimination of horizontal and vertical tails, flying wing aircraft has poor longitudinal and directional dynamic characteristics. Unlike most of the conventional aircraft, flying wing aircraft usually have a large number of control effectors, the redundant effectors are designed and required to provide adequate lift, pitch and yawing force or moments. There-fore, flying wing aircraft usually need to adopt reasonable control allocation algorithms to exploit the control capability of redundant effectors. Especially for large-aspect ratio flying wing with very high level of effector redundancy, the pursuit of performances, e.g., gust load alleviation control and maximum lift mode, makes control allocation extremely important and indispensable. This paper summarizes the typical characteristics of command allocation methods, and its applicability in different flight missions, providing a reference for the design of command allocation method for flying wing aircraft.
FEA and Optimization of a Door Used in Large Vacuum Chamber
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lv Shizeng , Han Xiao , Gong Jie
Published: July 2020

The door is the access for the test piece and personnel, and it is one of the important parts of the vacuum chamber. This paper introduces a kind of door of a large vacuum chamber, which moves radially along the ground guide rail. Because of the risk of overturning, we use the finite element software to create a finite element model, define the material properties, and apply the load. On this basis, we carry out stress analysis, displacement analysis and overturning analysis. According to the analysis results, we give two optimization methods for anti-overturning. Finally, we analyse the overturning resistance of the optimized model.
Haptic Rendering Algorithm based on Force Feedback Handle in the Teleoperation of the Space Manipulator
Authors: Qiu X A , Ma D T , Wang S J , Duan F W , Zhu B
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the haptic rendering algorithm of the handle for the requirement of designing the force feedback handle which is applied to the teleoperation of the space manipulator, to improve the user experience of the force feedback handle. By the research of arbitrary force and moment at the end of the handle, we propose the operation assisting force based on gravitational potential field method and the precise operation guiding method based on gravitational potential energy model. At the same time, the vibration signal is used in the state information of the slave and state. The experimental results show that the force-aware rendering algorithm applied to the teleoperation of the space manipulator can greatly improve the operation efficiency of the teleoperation task and effectively enhance the telepresence of teleoperation.
Evaluation of Dynamic Stability Derivatives for Hypersonic Vehicle
Authors: Sheng-Xi Tong , Yan-Ming Fan , Feng Gao , Guo-Qing Zhou
Published: July 2020

The dynamic stability derivative is the key parameter of the aircraft control system and the boundary analysis of the dynamic stability criterion. The accurate evaluation of dynamic derivative is of great importance to the design and flight of the aircraft. A method to predict the derivative of pitch damping is presented. The unsteady aerodynamic force is obtained by solving the unsteady flow field, and the static and dynamic derivatives of the aircraft are obtained by using integral method and least square method. By comparing the aerodynamic derivatives at different equilibrium positions and different centers of gravity, it can be seen that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experiment. It indicates that the present method has satisfactory order and efficiency and be suitable for engineering problems.
On-orbit Engine Thrust Prediction Algorithm for Geosynchronous Satellites based on Neural Network
Authors: Yin Wenjuan , Song Tao , Lin Zhen
Published: July 2020

Focused on the problem of complex in-orbit engine thrust prediction algorithm the geosynchronous satellite, a thrust prediction method based on the composition of the propulsion system is proposed in the paper. The method integrates theoretical model and neural network model, and the prediction model is simple and practical. In order to further improve the accuracy of the model, the in-orbit data was used to optimize the modified parameters using the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II. Finally, the optimized model is applied to different cases. The comparison between the simulation results and flight data shows that the accuracy of the optimized model is significantly improved, and the in-orbit thrust prediction method is correct and effective.
Numerical and Experimental Research on the Anti-sloshing Characteristic of Swash Bulkhead in LNG Independent Type C Tank
Authors: Liu Ge , Wen Qimu , Yang Yi , Wang Chong
Published: July 2020

The sloshing induced by partial loaded in LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) independent type C tank will threat the structure of tank. For sloshing suppression, installation of swash bulkhead is a good choice. With model experiment, the sloshing suppression mechanism of perforated swash bulkhead is investigated. Comparing to the tank without swash bulkhead, the suppression efficiency is obtained. Base on the CFD (Computational fluid dynamic) theory, a numerical method is used to sloshing simulation of tank with perforated swash bulkhead, which is verified by the model experiment. Thus, with the same permeation ratio, the effect of anti-sloshing is analysed numerically with comparison of ring baffle and perforated bulkhead. It is found that perforated swash bulkhead has a better performance in sloshing suppression at higher filling level than the ring baffle. And there is a small variation in anti-sloshing efficiency of perforated swash bulkhead
Heritability jointly explained by host genotype and microbiome: will improve traits prediction?
Authors: Awany Denis , Chimusa Emile R
Published: July 2020

As we observe the $70$th anniversary of the publication by Robertson that formalized the notion of ‘heritability’, geneticists remain puzzled by the problem of missing/hidden heritability, where heritability estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) fall short of that from twin-based studies. Many possible explanations have been offered for this discrepancy, including existence of genetic variants poorly captured by existing arrays, dominance, epistasis and unaccounted-for environmental factors; albeit these remain controversial. We believe a substantial part of this problem could be solved or better understood by incorporating the host’s microbiota information in the GWAS model for heritability estimation and may also increase human traits prediction for clinical utility. This is because, despite empirical observations such as (i) the intimate role of the microbiome in many complex human phenotypes, (ii) the overlap between genetic variants associated with both microbiome attributes and complex diseases and (iii) the existence of heritable bacterial taxa, current GWAS models for heritability estimate do not take into account the contributory role of the microbiome. Furthermore, heritability estimate from twin-based studies does not discern microbiome component of the observed total phenotypic variance. Here, we summarize the concept of heritability in GWAS and microbiome-wide association studies, focusing on its estimation, from a statistical genetics perspective. We then discuss a possible statistical method to incorporate the microbiome in the estimation of heritability in host GWAS.
Tocilizumab for Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Somers Emily C , Eschenauer Gregory A , Troost Jonathan P , Golob Jonathan L , Gandhi Tejal N , Wang Lu , Zhou Nina , Petty Lindsay A , Baang Ji Hoon , Dillman Nicholas O , Frame David , Gregg Kevin S , Kaul Dan R , Nagel Jerod , Patel Twisha S , Zhou Shiwei , Lauring Adam S , Hanauer David A , Martin Emily , Sharma Pratima , Fung Christopher M , Pogue Jason M
Published: July 2020

Background

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest in rapid decompensation and respiratory failure with elevated inflammatory markers, consistent with cytokine release syndrome for which IL-6 blockade is an approved treatment.

Methods

We assessed effectiveness and safety of IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab in a single-center cohort of patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. The primary endpoint was survival probability postintubation; secondary analyses included an ordinal illness severity scale integrating superinfections. Outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab compared with tocilizumab-untreated controls were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression with propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results

154 patients were included, of whom 78 received tocilizumab and 76 did not. Median follow-up was 47 days (range, 28–67). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, although tocilizumab-treated patients were younger (mean: 55 vs 60 years), less likely to have chronic pulmonary disease (10% vs 28%), and had lower D-dimer values at time of intubation (median: 2.4 vs 6.5 mg/dL). In IPTW-adjusted models, tocilizumab was associated with a 45% reduction in hazard of death (HR, .55; 95% CI, .33–.90) and improved status on the ordinal outcome scale [OR per 1-level increase, .58; .36–.94). Although tocilizumab was associated with an increased proportion of patients with superinfections (54% vs 26%; P < .001), there was no difference in 28-day case fatality rate among tocilizumab-treated patients with versus without superinfection (22% vs 15%; P = .42). Staphylococcus aureus accounted for ~50% of bacterial pneumonia.

Conclusions

In this cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence.
(Re)creating the Eglantine Table
Authors: Bank Katie
Published: July 2020

The Eglantine Table at Hardwick Hall (c.1568) was probably crafted to commemorate marriages made between the Hardwick-Cavendish and Talbot families. In addition to various heraldic symbols, the table’s friezes depict gaming paraphernalia, thirteen musical instruments, and several music books, including a stacked score of a devotional song by Thomas Tallis: ‘O Lord, in thee is all my trust’. While there is thorough existing scholarship on what the Eglantine Table depicts, this article explores what can be inferred about the contemporary value of musical recreation from how meaning was produced in the table’s iconography using a ‘material approach’ to music as both an object and also a sounding body. This article demonstrates why recreation, including music-making, is defined most prominently by why people choose to engage in it and the human actions that make recreation happen. Viewed in this fresh light, the Eglantine Table, including its musical iconography and notation, offers insight into the meaning of musical recreation and the values that shaped domestic interiors, objects and social bonds in an early modern English aristocratic home.
Diagnosis, family screening, and treatment of inherited arrhythmogenic diseases in Europe: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey
Authors: Conte Giulio , Scherr Daniel , Lenarczyk Radoslaw , Gandjbachkh Estelle , Boulé Stéphane , Spartalis Michael D , Behr Elijah R , Wilde Arthur , Potpara Tatjana
Published: July 2020

The spectrum of inherited arrhythmogenic diseases (IADs) includes disorders without overt structural abnormalities (i.e. primary inherited arrhythmia syndromes) and structural heart diseases (i.e. arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to evaluate current clinical practice and adherence to 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines regarding the management of patients with IADs. A 24-item centre-based online questionnaire was presented to the EHRA Research Network Centres and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Genetics Focus Group members. There were 46 responses from 20 different countries. The survey revealed that 37% of centres did not have any dedicated unit focusing on patients with IADs. Provocative drug challenges were widely used to rule-out Brugada syndrome (BrS) (91% of centres), while they were used in a minority of centres during the diagnostic assessment of long-QT syndrome (11%), early repolarization syndrome (12%), or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (18%). While all centres advised family clinical screening with electrocardiograms for all first-degree family members of patients with IADs, genetic testing was advised in family members of probands with positive genetic testing by 33% of centres. Sudden cardiac death risk stratification was straightforward and in line with current guidelines for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while it was controversial for other diseases (i.e. BrS). Finally, indications for ventricular mapping and ablation procedures in BrS were variable and not in agreement with current guidelines in up to 54% of centres.
The geriatric workforce in Romania: the need to improve data and management
Authors: Ungureanu Marius-Ionuţ , Brînzac Monica Georgiana , Forray Alina , Paina Ligia , Avram Lucreţia , Crișan Dana Alina , Donca Valer
Published: July 2020

Facing severe under-funding and significant workforce maldistribution, the health system in Romania is challenged to provide adequate care for the ageing population. The aim of this article is to connect health labour market data of the geriatrics workforce in Romania with individual perceptions of front-line workers in geriatrics in order to better understand the ‘human’ factors of effective health workforce development. Comprehensive health workforce data are not available; we therefore used a rapid scoping review and interviews to combine quantitative and qualitative data sources, such as the ‘Healthcare Facility Activity Report’, policy documents and available reports. They show that despite a consistent increase in the overall number of geriatricians, their majority is based in Bucharest, the capital city. The initial review points to possible geriatrician burnout, caused in part by high workload. The geriatrics workforce in Romania is poorly developed. Significant efforts are still needed to create policies addressing inflows and outflows, training, maldistribution and inefficiencies related to their practice. Addressing burnout by improving teamwork and collaboration is vital for maintaining and improving the workforce morale and motivation. Two major policy recommendations emerged: an urgent need for better health workforce data in Romania and development of more effective workforce management.
‘A synergy model of health’: an integration of salutogenesis and the health assets model
Authors: Pérez-Wilson Patricia , Marcos-Marcos Jorge , Morgan Antony , Eriksson Monica , Lindström Bengt , Álvarez-Dardet Carlos
Published: July 2020

This article proposes to advance the connections between salutogenic theory and assets models for health improvement. There is a need to integrate their use in public health and health promotion so that their respective potentials can be fully developed. This requires their synergies to be made more explicit so that a more coherent approach can be taken to their utilization. A mechanism is therefore needed that helps to raise awareness of them and their value as a resource together. Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory provides one framework that can support better integration of salutogenesis with the applied nature of assets-based models. This paper proposes a new ‘synergy model for health’ that integrates key concepts associated with salutogenic theory—generalized and specific resistance resources (GRRs/SRRs) and generalized and specific resistance deficits and the sense of coherence (SOC). In doing so, it highlights those GRRs and SRRs which are assets that, either individually or collectively, help to develop a stronger SOC. Higher levels of SOC can then support the transformations of potential resources into available assets (that people can understand, manage and make sense of), capable of producing positive health development. The proposed ‘Synergy model of health’ aims to contribute to a deeper theoretical understanding of health and development through the integration of the key elements of both salutogenesis and assets models. This can facilitate a better contextualization of the ideas into public health policy and practice by making the salutogenic theory more action-oriented and the assets model more theoretical.