bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Treatment of Water Environments from Pollutants with Ultrasound-Activated Bentonites
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Kochubei Viktoria , Yaremchuk Yaroslava ,   Іnstitute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3a Naukova St., Lviv 79060, Ukraine, Malovanyy Myroslav ,   Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Yaholnyk Svitlana ,   Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Slyuzar Andriy ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the perspectives for natural sorbents to be used in environmental technologies. The object of the study is the clay rock from the left side of the upper Pivdennyi Bug river (in the vicinity of the Khmelnytskyi city). The rock was enriched in montmorillonite by centrifugation of a clay suspension to obtain the fraction with a size of less than 5∙10-6 m. The researchers defined the mineral composition of the enriched clay based on the findings of the X-ray diffraction and complex thermal analyses. The enriched clay was chemically activated with a 5% NaCl aqueous solution and physically activated with the action of ultrasound. Based on the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of enriched clays, both natural and activated by ultrasound, was found against the methylene blue (MB) dye. The findings of the X-ray diffraction and analysis supported the ability of the dye cations to be absorbed by the interlayer spacings of montmorillonite.
Analysis of Positioning Accuracy in Case of Design Errors in the Installation of Mecanum Wheels of the Mobile Platform
Authors: Pankrateva G. V. , Mordin A. E. , Saypulaev G. R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Mobile robots capable of omnidirectional movement are widely used in various fields of human activity. To provide high accuracy of positioning of omnidirectional platforms with mecanum wheels, it is required to develop their detailed mathematical models used in the construction of a motion control system. Due to the complicated design of the mecanum wheels, various errors may occur during the construction of omnidirectional platforms, including the error of installing such wheels on the platform. Its effect on the accuracy of the platform movement has not been studied before. This work aims at assessing the positioning errors that arise due to the presence of design errors in the installation of mecanum wheels, and analyzing the effect of these errors on the accuracy of program motion testing when using control at the kinematic level.

Materials and Methods. The analysis of positioning accuracy was based on mathematical modeling of the platform kinematics, taking into account structural errors in the installation of mecanum wheels. To describe the relationship between the angular speeds of rotation of the wheels and the speeds of the platform, the conditions of nonslip of the contact points on the support surface were used. Numerical calculations were carried out in the Wolfram Mathematica package.

Results. A formula was obtained for estimating errors in platform pseudovelocities under program control formed at the kinematic level. The estimation of the errors of the platform speeds for simple movements was carried out. According to the calculation results, it has been shown that the speed errors are significant for robots with mecanum wheels operating autonomously.

Discussion and Conclusion. The calculation results demonstrated the significant impact of wheel installation errors on the positioning accuracy of the mecanum-platform, and confirmed the need to take into account these design errors when creating autonomous mecanum-platforms. The constructed model of the robot's kinematics makes it possible to predict errors in platform speeds that arise under program control, as well as deviations of the coordinates of the geometric center of the platform from the program motion. The proposed kinematic model can be used to improve the positioning accuracy through forming a platform motion control that compensates for the influence of wheel installation errors.
Web Application for Mathematical Modeling of Unsteady Oil Flow in Porous Medium
Authors: Mazitov A. A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The analysis and interpretation of hydrodynamic research data are based on theoretical models and computational algorithms. Despite the demand for this topic, numerous issues related to unsteady fluid flows in oil reservoirs still require solutions. Therefore, mathematical setting of problems related to the account of unsteady fluid flow, the development of effective numerical methods and algorithms, their solution using modern web technologies are pressing. This study is aimed at developing a web application for mathematical modeling of the process of fluid filtration in single- porosity reservoirs when conducting a hydrodynamic study at a production well.

Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, the methods of continuum mechanics and computational mathematics were applied. A model of oil flow in a single-porosity reservoir was presented. Python and JavaScript programming languages were used in the development of the application. The calculation results were stored in a relational database implemented using PostgreSQL tools.

Results. A new web application has been developed for modeling the oil filtration process in single- porosity reservoirs. It is applicable for studying fluid dynamic processes and can be used to predict flowrates, production and calculation of optimal well operation modes.

Discussion and Conclusion. The developed web application provides for building pressure and temperature fields in the reservoir near a flowing and shut-in production well and at various distances from it. This information makes it possible to urgently assess the duration of hydrodynamic studies, as well as to regulate the operation of wells. The application can be deployed in an existing network infrastructure and use all the functionality by connecting to a remote server. It is optimized for use on various platforms and has broad prospects for further development.
Basic concepts of Islamic education: The perspective of Al-Rahiq Al-Makhtum kitab
Authors: Hunainah Hunainah , Ikhwansyah Muhammad Fuad , Ramdhani Muhammad Tri
Published: December 2023

The basics of Islamic education are used not only as the main pillar but also as a filter when problems arise. In Indonesia, various problems in the field are allegedly a manifestation of the face of national education. One of the best books that can be extracted from it, the basis of Islamic education sourced from the life of the Prophet Muhammad, is the Kitab of Al-Rahiq Al-Makhtum. This type of research is qualitative because it aims to explore the basis of Islamic education in related books, with the research method using library research. Primary data in this study are writings extracted from primary sources, namely the Kitab of Al-Rahiq Al-Makhtum by Al-Mubarakfuri. The secondary data in this study are writings extracted from supporting sources, books, and related journals. The data analysis technique used in this literature research uses the content analysis method. The results showed that the basis of Islamic education taught directly by the Prophet Muhammad Saw. and contained in the Kitab Al-Rahiq Al-Makhtum there are three pillars: The first is monotheism, the second is following the revelation, the third is good character, which includes patience, professionalism, tawadhu', and being able to be a role model. Based on this, every Muslim teacher and educator should realize and even absorb this meaning and try as much as possible to implement it in teaching so that all parties can overcome moral degradation together.
Delayed growth in two German Shepherd Dog littermates with normal serum concentrations of growth hormone, thyroxine, and cortisol
Authors: Randolph John F. , Miller Christine L. , Cummings John F. , Lothrop Clinton D.
Published: December 2023

Four German Shepherd Dogs from a litter of 10 were evaluated because of postnatal onset of proportionate growth stunting that clinically resembled well-documented hypopituitary dwarfism in that breed. Although 2 pups had histologic evidence of hypopituitarism, the remaining 2 pups had normal serum growth hormone concentration and adrenocorticotropin secretory capability, and normal adrenal function test and thyroid function study results. Furthermore, the initially stunted German Shepherd Dogs grew at a steady rate until at 1 year, body weight and shoulder height approximated normal measurements. Seemingly, delayed growth in these pups may represent one end of a clinical spectrum associated with hypopituitarism in German Shepherd Dogs.
Drug-associated aplastic anemia in dogs: Eight cases (1984-1988)
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Klausner Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2023

Records of 8 dogs with drug-associated aplastic anemia were reviewed. Drugs suspected as being causative included estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (3 dogs), phenylbutazone (2 dogs), meclofenamic acid (1 dog), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and fenbendazole (1 dog), and quinidine (1 dog). Five of the dogs died or were euthanatized. One dog with estrogen-associated aplasia recovered after prolonged treatment. The dogs with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and quinidine-associated marrow aplasia recovered promptly after treatment was discontinued.
Thrombocytopenia and hemorrhages in veal calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Corapi Wayne V. , Elliott R. Dean , French Tracy W. , Arthur Donald G. , Bezek David M. , Dubovi Edward J.
Published: December 2023

The relationship between bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection and thrombocytopenia was studied in 18 veal calves experimentally infected with bvdv. All calves were free of bvdv, and 13 calves were free of serum neutralizing antibodies to bvdv before virus inoculation. Calves were inoculated at approximately 10 days of age, and platelet counts were monitored over a period of several weeks. Ten additional calves housed in close proximity were kept as uninoculated controls. A profound decrease in platelet counts by 3 to 11 days after inoculation was seen in all calves that had neutralizing antibody titers < 1:32 before infection. Severe thrombocytopenia (<5,000 platelets/μl) was seen in 12 calves, 11 of which also developed hemorrhages. Necropsy findings in 3 severely thrombocytopenic calves that died included multiple hemorrhages throughout the body. Calves that recovered had increased platelet counts, and in most instances, a corresponding increase in neutralizing antibody titers to bvdv. At 11 days after inoculation, bvdv was detected on platelets by use of immunofluorescence, but evidence of surface-bound immunoglobulin was not found. The results suggest that a nonimmunoglobulin-mediated method of platelet destruction or sequestration develops as a sequela to bvdv infection.
Adverse effect of orally administered magnesium hydroxide on serum magnesium concentration and systemic acid-base balance in adult cattle
Authors: Kasari Thomas R. , Woodbury Amy H. , Morcom-Kasari Ellen
Published: December 2023

Two cows, 1 with diarrhea and 1 with signs of forestomach outflow obstruction, were treated in part with repeated doses of a commercially available antacid/cathartic preparation containing magnesium hydroxide. Both cows subsequently were determined to have hypermagnesemia, along with severe metabolic alkalosis. In addition, each cow was comatose at the time of death. A clinical study was initiated to investigate the causal relationship between the ingestion of magnesium hydroxide and the generation of hypermagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis in adult cows.

Twelve healthy mature cross bred beef cows were allotted at random to a fed or fasted (simulated anorexia) group, with 2 untreated and 4 treated cows in each group. A single dose of magnesium hydroxide (1.5 g/kg of body weight, suspended in 3.8 L of warm water) was administered per os to each treated cow, whereas each control cow was given only water. Individual determinations of selected venous blood gas values (plasma bicarbonate ion [HCO3‒] concentration and base excess [be]), serum magnesium (Mg) concentration, and urine magnesium fractional clearance ratio (Mg-fcr) were made immediately before drug administration, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment.

Compared with control values at the conclusion of the study, mean serum Mg concentration, urine Mg-fcr, plasma HCO3‒ concentration, and be were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0015, P = 0.028, and P = 0.021, respectively) in treated cows. Throughout the study, serum Mg concentration and urine Mg-fcr in the cows increased linearly, independent of diet, whereas the increase in mean plasma HCO3‒ concentration and be over time did not develop a well-defined response pattern because of a substantial diet-treatment-time interaction during the first 12 hours after treatment.

It was concluded that oral administration of magnesium hydroxide has an adverse effect on serum Mg concentration and acid-base balance in healthy fasted or fed cows. Therefore, veterinarians should be aware of potential metabolic alkalosis and considerable increase in the magnesium load in the blood of cattle as side effects of higher than recommended orally administered doses of magnesium hydroxide.
Effect of dietary iron content on hematologic and other measures of iron adequacy in dogs
Authors: Weeks Bradley R. , Smith Joseph E. , Stadler Cynthia K.
Published: December 2023

Eighteen 9- to 10-week old Beagles were fed casein-based diets (4,710 kcal of metabolizable energy /kg of body weight) containing either 12, 80, or 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Growth and feed consumption were monitored throughout the 47-day study. Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (mcv), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (mch), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (mchc), rbc numbers, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ep) concentration, serum iron concentration, serum total iron-binding capacity (tibc), and serum ferritin concentration were determined weekly. Growth rate and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced by dietary iron content. At 14 days, Hb concentration, Hct, mcv, mch, rbc numbers, and serum iron concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in dogs fed the 12 mg/kg diet, and remained significantly low for the remainder of the study. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 14 days in dogs fed the basal diet, and remained significantly high relative to that in dogs of the other dietary groups for the remainder of the study. Serum ferritin concentration decreased in dogs of the group fed the basal diet, with a significant (P < 0.05) difference beyond day 42. Differences in Hct, mch, mcv, or hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, or ep concentration were not found between groups fed 80 and 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Liver nonheme iron content was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary iron content.
Third-degree perineal lacerations and rectovestibular fistulae in cattle: 20 cases (1981-1988)
Authors: Dreyfuss Daniel J. , Tulleners Eric P. , Donawick William J. , Ducharme Norm G.
Published: December 2023

The case records of 20 cows with either a third-degree perineal laceration or rectovestibular fistula were reviewed to ascertain the signalment, history, treatment, and long-term result of treatment. Fifteen cows, including 10 first-calf cows, had third-degree perineal lacerations that occurred at calving. Surgery was done in 14 of 15 cows; 10 of the 14 (71 %) remained fertile. The cow that was not treated surgically was culled after 24 months because of infertility. Five cows had a rectovestibular fistula; 4 of these were treated surgically. The cow that did not have surgery healed by second intention and remained fertile, and 3 of the 4 cows in which surgery was performed were fertile. None of the cows that produced calves after the initial injury suffered a perineal laceration at subsequent calvings. Single-stage surgical repair of third-degree perineal laceration or rectovestibular fistula appeared to have a good prognosis for subsequent fertility in cows.
Financial comparison of three testing strategies for detection of estrus in dairy cattle
Authors: Mohammed Hussni O. , Loefler S. , Shearer J.
Published: December 2023

Three commercial tests that measure progesterone content in milk were evaluated for accuracy of estrus detection. The tests were evaluated on 96 milk samples collected from Holstein cows at a commercial dairy farm in central Florida. The test results were compared with the results of radioimmunoassay on the same sample. Comparisons were made by calculating the sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values. The significance of the statistical association between the tests and the radioimmunoassay was evaluated by use of the McNemar χ2 test. Decision-tree analysis was used to determine the most useful testing strategy, considering both cost and accuracy. The cowside progesterone assay on estrus-mount detector-positive cows was more profitable than use of estrus-mount patches alone. The return on investment was higher with the cowside test, making it preferred as a field test for detecting estrus.
Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli infection as a cause of diarrhea in young calves
Authors: Janke Bruce H. , Francis David H. , Collins James E. , Libal Melissa C. , Zeman David H. , Johnson Darrell D. , Neiger Regg D.
Published: December 2023

A form of enteric Escherichia coli infection was identified in 60 calves from 59 farming operations. The E coli responsible for these infections principally colonized the colon, inducing a distinctive lesion described as attaching and effacing. Hemorrhagic enterocolitis or blood in the feces was observed on 40% of the farms. Of affected calves, 86.6% were dairy calves (average age, 11.8 days). Forty-four calves were infected concurrently with other enteropathogens (cryptosporidia, rotavirus, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic E coli, bovine viral diarrhea virus, coccidia). Verotoxin-producing E coli was recovered from 31 calves; 8 were serotype 0 111:NM isolates, 3 were serotype 05:NM, and 1 was serotype 026:NM.
Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths
Authors: Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Kruger John M. , Polzin David J. , Johnston Gary R. , Kroll Robert A.
Published: December 2023

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urocystoliths, involving 27 cats. The number of urocystoliths per cat varied from 1 to 5. In 20 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.
Persistence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs of New York and Connecticut
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , Anderson John F. , Schreier Alan B.
Published: December 2023

Multiple blood samples were obtained from privately owned dogs living in tick-infested areas of New York (Westchester County) and Connecticut, where Lyme disease in human beings has been reported. Of the 175 dogs examined, 127 (72.6%) had limb/joint disorder, whereas the remaining 48 dogs were considered healthy. Results of analysis of 419 serum samples revealed IgM antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in healthy and lame dogs during all seasons. Prevalence of seropositivity was significantly (P < 0.01) greater, using a polyvalent elisa (89.5%) than using a class-specific elisa for IgM antibody (57.8%). Mean antibody titers obtained by use of polyvalent elisa were likewise higher than IgM titers. Analysis of paired serum samples from dogs with limb/joint disorder indicated that 118 (92.9%) remained positive for IgM or IgG antibodies when retested weeks or months after initial testing. In 48 dogs without history of joint involvement or other signs of disease, 43 (89.6%) had antibody to B burgdorferi 2 or more times. Serotest results also revealed little or no change in antibody titer for lame dogs given antibiotics or for healthy dogs 2 or more months after initial sample collection.
Potential for the spread of Fasciola hepatica in cattle in Oklahoma
Authors: Cheriuyot H.K. , Jordan Helen E.
Published: December 2023

In 29 central and western Oklahoma counties, 42 ranches were investigated for indigenous Fasciola hepatica infections and their suitability for the transmission of liver fluke. A 10-year retrospective study of Oklahoma cattle based on samples submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory also was done.

Indigenous fascioliasis was found in cattle in 12 counties (9 central and western counties identified in the combined field and retrospective studies and 3 additional eastern counties identified on the basis of the retrospective study). Factors essential for survival of free-living stages of F hepatica and for snail species necessary for propagation of the fluke existed in much of Oklahoma. Snails capable of serving as intermediate hosts for transmission of the fluke reportedly have been found in 41 of the 77 Oklahoma counties. Lymnaeid snails were detected in 4 counties in the field study.
Methods for control of lamb epididymitis in large purebred flocks
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Bruss Michael L. , Anderson Bruce C.
Published: December 2023

An autogenous, multivalent, adjuvanted bacterin for epididymitis was tested in flocks of 700 to 800 Suffolk X white-faced lambs. Long-term feeding of low dosages of antibiotics also was tested in the Suffolk flock. Both methods appeared to reduce the incidence of the disease. The incidence of clinical epididymitis and the number of positive culture results from clinically affected rams were significantly reduced.
Partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament of the stifle in dogs: 25 cases (1982-1988)
Authors: Scavelli Thomas D. , Schrader Steven C. , Matthiesen David T. , Skorup Dianne E.
Published: December 2023

Partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament was diagnosed in 25 dogs. In all dogs, the primary problem at the time of physical examination was hind limb lameness. The mean time from initial onset of lameness to diagnosis at exploratory surgery was 17 weeks. A cranial drawer sign was detected in 13 of the 25 dogs; in 9, the cranial drawer sign was evident only when the stifle was positioned in flexion. Of the 25 dogs, 12 had no detectable cranial drawer sign in response to manipulation of the involved stifle. In all dogs, lateral stifle arthrotomy was performed in routine manner, and the cranial cruciate ligament was found to be incompletely torn. Lesions identified during arthrotomy were rupture of the craniomedial band (n = 20 dogs), interstitial tear (n = 4 dogs), and rupture of the caudolateral band (n = 1 dog).
Preoperative measurement of canine primary bone tumors, using radiography and bone scintigraphy
Authors: Lamb Christopher R. , Berg John , Bengtson Amy E.
Published: December 2023

Specimens of 20 canine primary bone tumors (18 osteosarcoma, 2 fibrosarcoma) were examined to compare the maximal axial length of gross tumor with the length of the lesion seen on preoperative radiographs and 99mTc methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphic images. Radiographs defined the length of the tumor to within ± 10% of the gross measurement for 6 (30%), underestimated it for 12 (60%), and overestimated it for 2 (10%) specimens. Bone scintigraphy defined tumor length within ± 10% for 8 (40%), underestimated it for 1 (5%), and overestimated it for the remaining 11 (55%) specimens. Use of radiographic evaluation alone could result in underestimation of the diaphyseal extent of a primary bone tumor, with risk of incomplete resection. Bone scan images tend to overestimate tumor length and, therefore, may provide safer resection guidelines.
Mastitis control services and utilization of milk somatic cell count data by veterinarians in Ohio
Authors: Hueston W. D. , Hoblet K. H. , Miller G. Y. , Eastridge M. L.
Published: December 2023

A telephone survey was conducted of 50 randomly selected Ohio-licensed veterinarians engaged in dairy practice. The survey's purpose was to determine the extent of mastitis control services offered by practitioners and to assess their utilization of milk somatic cell count (scc) data on individual cows available from the Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA). During the preceding year, 96% (48/50) of practitioners surveyed had performed bacteriologic culture of milk samples. Practitioners were twice as likely to have performed culture on milk from mastitic cows that failed to respond to treatment as they were to have performed culture for purposes of identifying pathogen trends within a herd. Veterinarians in predominantly dairy practices were more likely to have completed bacteriologic examination of milk in their own laboratories than were veterinarians who were engaged in <50% dairy practice (P = 0.016). Most veterinarians (83%) reported that coagulase test results were available or that Staphylococcus aureus was differentiated from other staphylococcal species. Streptococcus agalactiae was not differentiated from other streptococcal species by 35% of practitioners surveyed.

For veterinarians with clients enrolled in the dhia, 91% (43/47) reported looking at, discussing, or otherwise using the dhia records. Eighty-one percent (35/43) of veterinarians who had clients using services from the dhia reported that clients also received individual cow milk scc results. Veterinarians engaged in predominantly dairy practice expressed a greater familiarity with the linear score method of scc reporting than did veterinarians whose practices were <50% dairy (P = 0.085); however, both groups reported a preference for raw scc data. Veterinarian response regarding potential use of dhia scc data was compared with that obtained in a companion survey of Ohio dairy producers. Veterinarians were more likely than producers to consider use of scc from individual cows to select cows for culture and to establish a milking order. Although several results of our survey indicated current high veterinary involvement in mastitis control and dhia record utilization, other trends supported concerns regarding the future of veterinarian involvement in food animal health management.
Seroepidemiologic survey of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses of northern California
Authors: Madigan John E. , Hietala Sharon , Chalmers Stephanie , DeRock Elfriede
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses from the foothill regions of northern California and from the Sacramento valley (non-foothill area) was determined, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Horses from foothill regions had a higher prevalence of seropositivity (10.4%) and higher titer (1:10 to 1:80) than did those from non-foothill regions (3.1%; titer ≤ 1:10). Fifty percent of healthy horses on a foothill farm enzootic for E equi had titer to E equi, suggesting that infection with E equi can be subclinical. Six veterinarians surveyed from northern California diagnosed clinical E equi infection in 38 horses during 1985-1986 based on clinical signs of infection and observation of E equi inclusion bodies in neutrophils on blood smears.
Cytologic analysis of tracheal wash specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of mycotic infections in dogs
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , DeNicola Dennis B.
Published: December 2023

Tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses were performed in 9 dogs that had mycotic infections with pulmonary involvement. Characteristic organisms were identified in tracheal wash fluid in 3 of 7 dogs with blastomycosis. Organisms were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 5 of 7 dogs with blastomycosis and in one dog with histoplasmosis. Organisms were not found in either fluid in one dog with coccidioidomycosis. These procedures should be considered for dogs with suspected mycotic infections that involve the lungs and that cannot be diagnosed by less invasive means.
Epizootiologic association between feline immunodeficiency virus infection and feline leukemia virus seropositivity
Authors: Cohen N. D. , Carter C. N. , Thomas M. A. , Lester T. L. , Eugster A. K.
Published: December 2023

Five hundred twenty-one feline serum samples submitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory between Nov 1, 1988, and Jan 31, 1989 were tested for antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) by use of an elisa. The prevalence of fiv infection in this population was 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 8.6 to 14.0%). Serologic test results for FeLV were available for 156 of the 521 cats. A significant (P = 0.008) association between fiv infection and FeLV seropositivity was observed; FeLV-positive cats were nearly 4 times more likely to be seropositive for fiv than were FeLV-negative cats. The association remained statistically significant (P = 0.021) after adjusting for age and gender, using multiple-logistic regression analysis.
Investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in a range beef cattle herd
Authors: Kelling Clayton L. , Stine Lisa C. , Rump Kristine K. , Parker Robert E. , Kennedy Jane E. , Stone Roger T. , Ross Gary S.
Published: December 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections resulting in clinical disease developed in calves, despite vaccination of dams and high maternal bvdv antibody titers in calves. Eight persistently injected (pi) calves born to immunocompetent dams were identified in the herd. Neutralizing bvdv antibody titers of pi calves had decreased greatly by the time the calves were 1 to 2 months old. Antibody titers of pi calves decreased more rapidly than antibody titers of calves that were not pi. Reduced antibody titers in pi calves allowed detection of bvdv in serum specimens of all pi calves by the time they were 8 weeks old. Persistent infection in suspect calves was detectable serologically and was confirmed by virologic examination of serum specimens 4 months after weaning, when the calves were 9 months old. Growth rates were reduced in viremic calves.
Patterns of uterine prolapse in dairy cows and prognosis after treatment
Authors: Gardner Ian A. , Reynolds James P. , Risco Carlos A. , Hird David W.
Published: December 2023

A 12-month study was undertaken in a 9-veterinarian dairy practice to determine patterns of uterine prolapse and factors associated with posttreatment survival. Of 220,000 cows in herds visited by veterinarians from the practice, 200 (0.09%) developed prolapses mostly (155/169 with data) in the first 24 hours after calving. Most cows (130/200) had prolapses during fall and winter months, and assistance was required in 47 of 200 calvings that resulted in prolapses.

Treatment of affected cows (n = 196) consisted of cleansing and replacement of the uterus, insertion of perivulvar retention sutures, local and systemic administration of antibiotics, and parenteral administration of dexamethasone and oxytocin. Calcium was administered to cows with milk fever (n = 117) and to multiparous cows without milk fever attended by veterinarian 9 (n = 8). Crude recovery rate after 2 weeks was 72.4%, but recovery was significantly better if the calf was born alive (P = 0.001), the cow was primiparous (P = 0.03), the cow did not have stage-3 milk fever (P = 0.003), or if the cow was attended by veterinarian 9 (P = 0.01). Time to treatment was not significantly associated with recovery, but affected cows were treated mostly (127/156) within 2 hours of occurrence of the prolapse. By multivariable analysis, presence of a liveborn calf, parity, and lack of stage-3 milk fever, but not attending veterinarian, were significant (P < 0.05) prognostic indicators of 2-week survival.
Comparison of the effect of pneumonia detected during lifetime with pneumonia detected at slaughter on growth in swine
Authors: Noyes Elizabeth P. , Feeney Daniel A. , Pijoan Carlos
Published: December 2023

Pneumonia in swine has been studied mainly at slaughter or necropsy. However, when performing slaughter or postmortem examinations, assessment of the true prevalence or lifetime extent of pneumonia is at best speculative. Radiography was used to evaluate lungs from pigs 21 to 150 days old. Follow-up slaughter examination was performed on pigs 180 days old. Individual percentage of pneumonia observed over the life of each pig and at slaughter were added to yield lifetime pneumonia scores. A significant (P = 0.0001) negative effect of lifetime pneumonia on growth rate was found. By comparison, slaughter examination proved to be a poor indicator of lifetime pneumonia; lesions were found to progress and regress dynamically throughout the life of pigs.
Cardiac arrhythmias identified in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: Six cases (1985-1988)
Authors: Cornick Janyce L. , Seahorn Thomas L.
Published: December 2023

During a 3½-year period, cardiac arrhythmias were identified in 6 of 67 horses diagnosed with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (dpj). Arrhythmias were detected by auscultation of irregular cardiac rhythm and subsequently were characterized by electrocardiographic evaluation. Arrhythmias included frequent second-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular ectopic depolarizations, and atrioventricular conduction disturbance. In 4 horses, arrhythmias resolved with recovery from the primary problem. One horse died suddenly 66 hours after admission, and another was euthanatized at 72 hours after admission.

Clinical and laboratory data from horses with dpj and cardiac arrhythmias (group l) were compared with findings for horses with dpj and without arrhythmias (group 2). Group-1 horses had significantly (P <0.05) higher serum bicarbonate concentration and serum creatine kinase activity.

Normal sinus rhythm returned in all 4 group-1 horses that recovered from dpj, suggesting a causal relationship between dpj and the arrhythmias. Two group-1 horses were necropsied, and both had myocarditis. The cause of these lesions was not determined.
Clinical and electrocardiographic characterization of cattle with atrial premature complexes
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Muir William W. , Bonagura John D. , Rings D. Michael , St. Jean Guy
Published: December 2023

Atrial premature complexes (apc) were identified in 16 cows over a 2-year period. Fourteen cows had concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Variation in the intensity of the first heart sound and an occasionally irregular heart rhythm were evident during thoracic auscultation. Neither cardiac murmurs nor pulse deficits were detected in any cows, and clinical signs of heart failure were lacking. Three cows had apc immediately prior to or after development of atrial fibrillation.

The heart rate when apc were diagnosed ranged from 48 to 124 beats/min (mean, 77 ± 20 beats/min), and the apc frequency ranged from < 1 to 23/min (mean 9.4 ± 8.0). The P-wave morphologic characteristics in 4 cows with apc was abnormal. The coupling index of the apc varied between 0.44 and 0.95, with a mean of 0.73. Aberrant ventricular activation was usually associated with a short coupling interval (coupling index < 0.60) and was observed in 3 cows.

Ten cows were determined to be hypocalcemic and 4 cows hypokalemic when apc were identified. Atrial ectopic activity could not be detected in 12 cows after resolution of the concurrent gastrointestinal disorder or electrolyte abnormality. Atrial premature complexes may be a functional cardiac disorder in cattle, unrelated to structural heart disease. The potential for apc to progress to sustained atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation should be considered.
Iatrogenic fractures of ribs and vertebrae during delivery in perinatally dying calves: 235 cases (1978-1988)
Authors: Schuijt G.
Published: December 2023

To determine the pathogenesis of vertebral fractures in calves during the perinatal period, a retrospective study was done to determine the relationships between clinical factors at dystocia and the findings during necropsy of 235 perinatally dying calves. It was concluded that excessive traction is the most important cause of rib and vertebral fractures in the calf during dystocia. Vertebral fractures in perinatally dying calves may not be simply judged as a sign of asphyxia. The occurrence of vertebral fractures is highly correlated with the type of delivery and the force of traction. The veterinarian as well as the type of calf also are influencing factors. More perinatally dying calves were delivered after hips were locked, when extraction had been forced, or through induction of trauma when the head of the calf had the pelvic canal during the first obstetric examination. Consequently, fetal position at delivery may predispose calves to risky extractions and to the risk of perinatal death secondary to trauma. In light calves, significantly more vertebral fractures occurred during extractions than in other calves. Therefore, the veterinarian should accurately estimate the birth weight of the calf and the force of traction that should be applied.
Effect of nonthyroidal illness on serum thyroxine concentrations in cats: 494 cases (1988)
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Gamble David A.
Published: December 2023

We reviewed the medical records of 494 cats with a variety of nonthyroidal diseases in which serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was determined as part of diagnostic evaluation. The cats were grouped by category of disease (ie, renal disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, focal neoplasia, systemic neoplasia, hepatopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory pulmonary disease, miscellaneous diseases, or undiagnosed disease), degree of illness (ie, mild, moderate, or severe), survival (ie, lived, died, or euthanatized), and presence or absence of a palpable thyroid gland. The mean (± sd) serum T4 concentrations in all 10 groups of cats, which ranged from 10.5 ± 11.1 nmol/L in cats with diabetes mellitus to 18.7 ± 7.8 nmol/L in cats with focal neoplasia, were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those of normal cats (27.0 ± 10.4 nmol/L). The number of ill cats with low serum T4 concentrations (<10 nmol/L) was highest in the cats with diabetes mellitus (59%), hepatopathy (54%), renal failure (48%), and systemic neoplasia (41%). When the serum T4 concentrations in cats with mild, moderate, and severe illness were compared, mean concentrations were progressively lower (21.3 ± 6.8, 14.8 ± 8.1, and 6.5 ± 5.8 nmol/L, respectively) as degree of illness increased. Severity of illness had a more significant (P < 0.001) effect in lowering serum T4 concentrations than did disease category. Mean serum T4 concentrations in the cats that died (7.8 ± 9.8 nmol/L) or were euthanatized (10.0 ± 7.0 nmol/L) were also significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those of cats that survived (15.2 ± 8.8 nmol/L). Of the 182 cats with low serum T4 concentrations, 74 (41%) died or were euthanatized. The 63 cats with palpable thyroid nodules had significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean serum T4 concentrations (21.7 ± 10.4 nmol/L) than the cats in which a thyroid nodule was not palpated (12.7 ± 8.1 nmol/L). Adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland was confirmed at necropsy in 2 cats with a palpable thyroid gland, and 4 cats that survived have subsequently developed overt hyperthyroidism. This suggests that, in some cats with early or mild hyperthyroidism, concomitant nonthyroidal disease may suppress serum T4 concentrations into the normal range.
Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: LaRue M.J. , Murtaugh R.J.
Published: December 2023

Medical records of 47 dogs with pulmonary thromboembolism were reviewed. Middle-aged to older dogs predominated and dyspnea and arterial hypoxemia were consistent clinical findings. Thoracic radiographic findings were variable. Cardiac disease, neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and sepsis were identified most frequently. Multiple disease processes were identified in 64% of the dogs.
Treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in cattle: 11 cases (1974-1988)
Authors: Hull Bruce L. , Koenig Gerard J. , Monke Donald R.
Published: December 2023

A mixed population of 11 cattle (7 dairy, 4 beef; 9 male, 2 female) were examined because of acute onset of non-weightbearing hind limb lameness. Radiography revealed slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in all cattle, with the exception of one large bull. Ten of the 11 cattle were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, using intramedullary pins. Cattle affected with slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in previous reports typically have been calves that required forced extraction during dystocia. Cattle in this report were in the following 2 age groups in which trauma was the likely cause: 3 to 5 months and 1.5 to 2.3 years. Follow-up information was provided for 7 of the 10 cattle. Four of the 7 were functional and had no clinical signs of arthritis, abnormal gait, atrophy, scarring, contralateral compensation, breakdown, or other difficulty 6 months after surgical correction. If early diagnosis is achieved, it appears that reduction with intramedullary pinning can provide a good long-term prognosis in cattle when function as breeding animals is important to their future value.
Treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses by intravenous administration of quinidine
Authors: Muir William W. , Reed Stephen M. , McGuirk Sheila M.
Published: December 2023

Intravenous administration of quinidine gluconate converted atrial fibrillation (af) to sinus rhythm in 9 of 12 horses. Twelve horses that were diagnosed by ecg to have af were administered up to 11 mg of quinidine gluconate/kg of body weight in 1.0 -to 1.5-mg/kg bolus injections every 10 to 15 minutes. The total dose of quinidine administered iv ranged from 1.8 to 5.8 g. Increased ventricular rate, apprehension, and mild depression were observed during treatment. Other signs of toxicosis were not observed. One horse was successfully treated with iv administered quinidine gluconate on 3 occasions. Intravenous administration of quinidine is a safe and effective alternative for treatment of af in some horses.
Evaluation of intraperitoneal and intrahepatic administration of a euthanasia agent in animal shelter cats
Authors: Grier Ronald L. , Schaffer Caroline B.
Published: December 2023

One hundred eighty-one adult cats, with body weight > 1.8 kg, were obtained from animal shelters, then were administered a sodium pentobarbital-lidocaine euthanasia agent by either the intraperitoneal (ip; n = 77) or intrahepatic (ih; n = 85) route. A preliminary study (n = 19 cats) indicated that most cats gave no indication of perception of injection (responding) if restraint was minimal and injection was rapid. During ip injection, 3 of the 77 cats (4%) responded (turned the head backward or vocalized). Of the 85 cats given ih injection, 8 (9%) responded; however, no response approached the magnitude of that observed after im injection of ketamine hydrochloride. After either injection route, cats were observed for excitement (any exaggerated activities of stage-I and -II anesthesia (eg, vocalizing, flopping, sneezing, licking, running, paddling), and after cardiac standstill, cats were necropsied to identify exact location (final site) of the injection. Of 53 initial ip injections, final site for 22 (42%) was in the peritoneal cavity (pc). Use of a sideport needle (n = 24) did not significantly increase accuracy of ip injection. The small and large intestines were penetrated by 27% (15/55) of the ip injections from the right side, and the spleen was penetrated by 32% (7/22) of the left-side injections. Intrahepatic injection was significantly (P < 0.05) more accurate, with 70 of 85 (82%) of the final sites being the liver only, the liver/pc, or the pc only. Twenty-five percent (13/53) of ip injections resulted in excitement (all stage-I and -II anesthesia-exaggerated activities cumulative to 30 seconds). Final sites associated with excitement were spleen, small intestine, large intestine, and mesentery. Intrahepatic injection caused significantly (P = 0.007) less excitement, involving just 9% (8/85) of cats. Incoordination, recumbency, loss of pedal reflex, and cardiac standstill were significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged in cats of the ip injection group. Mean ± sem relevant values for cats of the ih injection group were times to: incoordination, 0.45 ± 0.14 minutes; recumbency, 1.11 ± 0.35 minutes; loss of pedal reflex, 3.45 ± 0.53 minutes, and cardiac standstill, 13.92 ± 0.92 minutes. When ih injection was entirely within the liver, recumbency was immediate.

As a result of causing minimal response from injection, moderate accuracy, low rate of excitement, and rapid achievement of recumbency, ih injection (although not the recommended method for euthanasia) is an alternative method for animal shelter cats when a veterinarian is not available to administer euthanasia agents iv.
Medical problems of adult horses, as ranked by equine practitioners
Authors: Traub-Dargatz J. L. , Salman M. D. , Voss J. L.
Published: December 2023

This paper reports the results of a survey conducted among members of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, concerning medical problems of adult horses. A one-page questionnaire listing 36 medical problems grouped by body system was completed by 1,149 veterinarians. The top-ranked disease was colic, followed by viral respiratory tract disease, endometritis, dermatitis, and parasitism. When responses were evaluated by type of practice, location of practice, and number of veterinarians in the practice, ranking of the top 2 diseases was the same for the total respondents. Ranking of diseases 3 through 5 varied when these criteria were taken into consideration.
Use of phacofragmentation for cataract removal in horses: 12 cases (1985-1989)
Authors: Dziezyc Joan , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Keller Charlotte B.
Published: December 2023

The medical records of 12 horses that had cataracts removed by use of phacofragmentation were reviewed. Cataracts were removed from 16 eyes in horses ranging in age from 2 months to 15 years. Complications after surgery included corneal ulcers in 13 eyes, diffuse corneal edema in 5 eyes, and uncontrollable uveitis in 3 eyes. Follow-up information was obtained in all horses from 1 month to 3.5 years after surgery. Visual results were judged good by owners or veterinarians in 10 of the horses.