bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Thermal Unit and Heat Use Efficiency Requirement of the Mustard Crop (Brassica juncea L.) under Different Ambient Temperatures and Cultivars
Authors: Gupta Siddhant , Mishra S. R. , Singh A. K. , Mishra A. N.
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was directed during the rabi period of 2020-21 in the sandy topsoil of A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The investigation was directed in Split Plot Design (S.P.D.), comprising of three growing environments/ambient temperature viz. 31st October (22.6°C), 10th November(21.2°C), 20th November(19.4°C) and three cultivars i.e. NDR-8501 (V1), Kranti (V2) and Varuna (V3). The experiment was replicated four times. Results revealed that the highest thermal unit (1667.2 days) and thermal use efficiency (0.61 g/m²/ºdays) was recorded at developing climate/encompassing temperature of 31st October (T1) (22.6°C)while least gathered hotness units from planting to development (1468.9ºC days) was seen under the developing climate/surrounding temperature of twentieth November. The late-planted mustard crop recorded the least GDD prerequisite at every one of the stages. The least Thermal use proficiency from planting to development 0.435g/m²/ºdays was seen under developing climate/encompassing temperature (tenth November)(21.2°C). Late planted cultivars recorded the least warm use effectiveness necessity at all stages.
Inadvertent Intravenous Administration of an Oral Preparation of Ibuprofen
Authors: Gulzaib Muhammad , Ahsan Salwa , Najam Yawar
Published: March 2022

The inadvertent intravenous administration of oral suspension which is rarely reported has contributed to potential patient harm. We received an incident report in which a patient had received an oral liquid formulation intravenously. This has been happening when an oral liquid is prepared or dispensed in a parenteral syringe. Due to the break-in mental concentration, the medicine had been administered intravenously. Some health professionals did not accept the fact that the Luer connection on an intravenous syringe facilitates mis-administration. This is why we constantly repeat recommendations to dispense and administer unit doses of oral liquids in particular oral syringes. We strongly support that, the dispensing and administering of commercially available and compounded medicine in a particular cup and oral syringes or any other suitable containers. In order to avoid such medication administration error ensure the availability of oral syringes in the hospital and patient areas where liquid doses are administered orally.

Oral syringes are not available in Pakistan and nurses routinely use injection syringes for oral liquid administration, as it helps in preventing spill of dose especially in young/non-cooperative children or patients. Availability of oral syringes in the hospital may reduce the inadvertent administration of medicine.
Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Management of Medical Emergencies at the Yaounde Emergency Centre
Authors: Charles Kouanfack , Mabou Gabriel Tchatchouang , Chefor Alain Djam , Whegang Youdom Solange , Marie Ange Ngo Yamben , Ines Kwawa , Jérôme Ateudjieu , Tsatedem Faustin Atemkeng , Choukem Siméon Pierre
Published: March 2022

Background: The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has put the world into an unprecedented global crisis. Health systems have been faced with an enormous challenge to provide the necessary care for this vast burden of patients. As a result, emergency and scheduled care for non-COVID patients has been affected. This study evaluates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of medical emergencies at the Yaoundé Emergency Centre.

Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with an exhaustive sampling, from patients from March to September 2019 and 2020. The analysis was done in Epi-info version 7.2.2.6 and Microsoft Excel 2016.

Results: Data were collected from 5496 patients in medical emergencies. COVID-19 pandemic has eventually decrease medical emergencies [aOR=0.91, 95%CI=0.76-0.91, P=<0,0001] but didn’t impact significantly the rate of mortality [aOR=1.06, 95%CI =0.71-1.57, P=0,79]. Cardiovascular Diseases were the first cause of morbidity.

Conclusion: It emerges from this study that the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased the attendance in medical emergencies but didn’t affect significantly the rate of mortality.
A Study on Financial Inclusion in India and Its Relation with Financial Literacy
Authors: . Mehak , Dharni Khushdeep
Published: March 2022

Finance has become a crucial part of our economy for development of the society. For this purpose, a solid economic system is required not only in developing and under-developed countries but also for developing countries for maintaining growth. Through financial inclusion we will achieve equitable growth of our country. Financial inclusion means providing appropriate products and services to weaker sections at a reasonable cost. Now day’s financial institutions provide complex sort of products. So it's difficult for the commoner to form choice among them. Therefore, literacy about financial products is required to form sound decisions. Financial Literacy isn't nearly markets and investing, but also savings, budgeting, financial planning, basics of banking and most significantly, about being "Financially Smart". Financial Literacy is considered important factor for promoting financial inclusion. Financial literacy is about enabling the commoner to know the varied needs and benefits of varied financial products and services provided by institutional players. During this paper, review of literature of monetary inclusion and financial literacy is provided. Various determinants of monetary literacy and its relationship with financial inclusion have also been reviewed and studied.
In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts of Andrographis Echioides
Authors: Joshy Reenu , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Andrographis  echioides is a medicinal herb, used in the treatment of various diseases.  It has potential antioxidant properties.  The  present study plan is to find a novel herbal antidote for oxidative stress from Andrographis echioides.

Objective: The aim of the current study is to analyse the in vitro antioxidant property of aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Andrographis echioides.

Materials and Methods: DPPH free radical scavenging assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Andrographis echioides. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and percentage inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity was calculated. The data was analysed statistically and the level of significance was considered at the level of p<0.05.

Results: There is a dose dependent increase in the percentage of inhibition of DPPH free radical by the extracts. All the three extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts) of Andrographis  echioides showed significant increase in the antioxidant property with  concentration ranging from 100-500 µg.   

Conclusion: The study concluded that different extracts of Andrographis echioides showed effective antioxidant properties and it could protect the biological system against oxidative stress including ageing, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.
Chances of Getting Breast Cancer in Women Who Start Smoking as Teenagers
Authors: Raddi Rahul H. , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Yes it is a fact that even young people can get breast cancer, even if it is rare but its reality and case is much neglected, so it should not be underestimated. Breast cancer is so prevalent among young people that most organizations do not keep track of the disease at this age. Adolescents, however, may be concerned that changes in their breasts during puberty are a sign of breast cancer. They should check their breasts for improvement and get confirmation from their doctor if they have any questions.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to see how smoking affects the risk of breast cancer in a wide number of women, many of whom started smoking as teenagers.

Material and Methods: From November 2019 to April 2021, we tracked 150 women aged 30 to 50 who completed a mailed questionnaire as part of the Datta Meghe Medical college Cohort Study in Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Center, Nagpur in collaboration with JNMC & ABVRH (Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra. We looked at the entire sample population, as well as women who had smoked for at least 20 years, nondrinkers, and each country separately.

Results: The distribution of these traits depends depending on whether or not you smoke. Except for alcohol intake of breast cancer (P0.0001), smokers and non-smokers vary insignificantly on all of the variables mentioned in the graph.

Conclusion: Our study found that women who started smoking at an early age and continued to smoke for at least 20 years had a higher risk of breast cancer. The fact that today's smokers started smoking at an early age than in previous generations may be a good way to prevent breast cancer.
Comparison of Microwave Treatment and Pressure Cooker Methods for Antigen Retrieval Techniques in Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Jagtap Miheer , Dehankar Shivani J. , Vagha Sunita
Published: March 2022

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method which is capable of detecting antigens or antibodies on the cells. The antigen antibody complex formed as a result of this reaction can be visualized at a light microscopic level. The main procedure involves application of a primary antibody which is targeted against a selected tissue antigen. Immunohistochemistry implements various polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which help to identify the tissue location of the disease. Antigen retrieval (AR) is a key step in IHC which can be done by two methods: 1] Pressure cooker treatment  2] Microwave treatment method.  This study aims to compare antigen retrieval efficacy and quality of immunohistochemical sections obtained by these two methods.

Methodology: This prospective analytical study will be conducted in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry divisions of department of Pathology, J.N.M.C. Wardha. The study will evaluate immunohistochemical sections during which antigen retrieval would be done either by microwave treatment method or autoclave method in 30 cases. All the cases will be divided in two groups. For Group 1 - antigen retrieval will be performed by microwave treatment method. For Group 2 - antigen retrieval will be done by autoclave method. Qualitative evaluation and comparison of the sections obtained by these 2 methods will be done. Statistical evaluation will be done by SPSS software version 22.0, Prism 6.0 analysis software. Chi square test will be used for comparison.

Results: A significant difference is expected in the between the efficacy of antigen retrieval by pressure cooker method and microwave treatment.

Conclusion: Conclusions will be drawn on careful analysis of results.
Assessment of Lung Function Test on Street Vendors of Chennai Region, India
Authors: Jain D. Khushi , Preetha S. , Sridevi G. , Pratap Lavanya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Street vendors are the most dominant occupation in urban and rural areas. Street vendors are exposed to several environmental pollution. They inhale toxic compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and other volatile organic chemicals. This is due to emission from vehicles and traffic. The aim of the study is to assess lung function on street vendors of the Chennai region.

Materials and Methods: The study is done among street vendors in chennai region.  The study included 50 people where 25 people are from the exposed group and 25 people are from the normal group. It was conducted by using a computerised spirometer. The total air capacity of the lung. The data was collected and entered in SPSS software. The results were obtained by doing an independent sample T test.

Result and Discussion: Parameters like FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC were used to assess the lung function. It was observed that there is a decline in pulmonary functions parameters of the street vendors and  it was not statistically significant .

Conclusion: Thus the effect of pollution by the vehicles may be responsible for the pulmonary function impairment on street vendors affecting their lungs and other organs. This can be prevented by using face masks, lifestyle modification etc.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Stem Extract of Musa sapientum and Its Characterisation: an in vitro Study
Authors: Sowbaraniya S. M. , Ganesh S. Balaji , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest because of their unique physical and chemical properties and among which copper nanoparticles are used for its low cost, better efficacy and environmentally friendly. Musa sapientum has been considered as one of the best medicinal value plants and can be used for the treatment of various periodontal diseases.

The aim of the study is to synthesize and characterize Musa sapientum mediated copper nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: The Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using Musa sapientum extract and characterization was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).

Results: The results confirmed that the synthesized Musa sapientum mediated nanoparticle was eco-friendly and non-toxic. The peak value has been centered at 75 nm, which has been mainly associated with absorbance of CuNPs. Absorbance rate increases with increase in wavelength. The formation of CuNPs as well as their morphological dimensions in the TEM study demonstrate that the average size is from 5.67 – 9.10 nm. The shapes of the CuNPs are proved to be spherical. TEM analysis reveals that the copper nanoparticles are predominantly spherical. The overall morphology of the copper nanoparticles produced by reduction of cu2+ ions with 2Mm CUSO4 is composed of almost uniform nanoparticles.

Conclusion: In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of copper nanoparticles using stem extract of Musa sapientum. Thus Musa sapientum mediated copper nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.
Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Aegle marmelos in Human Breast Cancer Cells by In-vitro Analysis
Authors: Neha R. , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Cancer is uncontrolled division and proliferation of abnormal cells in the body. Nowadays, therapeutic Treatment of cancer has become a great clinical challenge and alternative medicines are being extensively studied to cure cancer. Aegle marmelos is one such plant Which has many pharmacological activities.

Aim: To study the anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos which promotes cell death in human cancer breast cells MCF7 by modulating wnt/beta catenin expression.

Materials and methods: Human Breast Cancer cell line (MCF-7) was purchased from NCCS.Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of live cells to convert MTT. The specificity of the amplification product was determined by melting curve analysis for each primer pairs. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with a computer-based software.

Results:  the viability of cancer cells after addition of Aegle marmelos has decreased from 100% to 50% with increase in concentration of the extract 100-600 micrograms/ml. It is also evident that there was a fold change in control over Wnt m-RNA expression of MCF7 that decreased significantly on the addition of Aegle marmelos extract. The results also showed that there was a fold change in control of the beta catenin m-RNA expression of MCF7,which decreased significantly in addition to Aegle marmelos.

Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that Aegle marmelos promotes cell death in MCF7 cells by modulating the pathway. The plant extract also possesses hepato- renal protective effect thus, it can be used as a novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer cells.
Sellar and Supra-sellar Mass Lesion Imaging Consistent Pituitary Macroadenoma In 70 Year Old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Bhoyar Prakash , Tivaskar Suhas , More Akash , Luharia Anurag
Published: March 2022

Background: In the sellar region, pituitary tumors are frequent. Clinically evident pituitary lesions account for around 10% of all intracranial lesions, whereas incidental pituitary tumors are found in about 11% of people. Benign adenomas are the most common kind of pituitary tumor. These adenomas are generally tiny when they appear first and manifest early as a hormonal imbalance occurs due to overproduction. A commonly used treatment for adenomas is the excision of the tumor. If metastasis occurs, chemotherapy/radiotherapy can be used. The most common complication of pituitary adenoma is transient or permanent diabetes insipid us, CSF rhinorrhea, or visual field defects.

Case Presentation: We herein present an interesting case of a 70-year-old female patient of the department of neurosurgery. A patient came on an outpatient basis with a clinical history of severe headache in the last 15 days, blurring of vision in bilateral eyes, diplopia and fainting in the previous 8-10 days, fever (on and off) in the past 8 days. The diagnosis was done with the help of CT and MRI scan imaging and treated with excision of adenoma. Many malignancies can be prevented by making specific lifestyle modifications (such as staying at a healthy weight or quitting smoking). However, no known outside risk factors have been associated with pituitary tumors. As a result, at this moment, there is no known strategy to avoid these adenomas other than early intervention.

Conclusion: A case of sellar and supra-sellar mass lesion-imaging consistent with pituitary macroadenoma in 70-year-old women managed with a multicentric approach. Genetic counseling and psychological assistance should be provided to the members of the family. The presenting with pituitary adenoma is part of a genetic condition. With further information on adenohypophyseal cytodifferentiation pathways, the classification of these cancer  is expected to improve in the future.
Estimating the Diagnostic Accuracy of High Sensitive C- Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in Early Detection of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Kakkat Shikha Muringathery , Lohiya Sham
Published: March 2022

Background:  Neonatal sepsis is a critical issue and if sepsis in neonates is diagnosed early by reliable tests, we can avoid unwanted administration of higher antibiotics, reduce the expenses of hospital care and also prevent emergence of bacterial strains that are resistance to antibiotics. Detecting neonatal sepsis in its earlier stage is still difficult as it presents as a variety of symptoms that could also classify many other disorders. Early onset sepsis presents within 72 hours of birth.  This study aims to measure the efficacy of high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study will be conducted at AVBRH, Wardha. Two serial measurements of hs-CRP will be taken and values will be correlated with respect to other conventional screening markers.  CRP and hs-CRP levels in these populations will be studied and compared to assess sensitivity, specificity and observed cut off values for the same. The neonates will be followed up during hospital stay till discharge and outcome will be noted and all data will be collected. Data analysis will be done at the end using appropriate statistical methods.

Expected Results: In our study we expect hs-CRP to be more sensitive in predicting neonatal sepsis as compared to conventional markers like CRP, Septic screen. We expect hs-CRP to be a better predictor in diagnosing sepsis so that we can intervene early and reduce morbidity and hospital stay.

Conclusion: Inclusion of hs-CRP as part of routine screening of neonates for sepsis can be recommended.
In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties of Various Extracts of Andrographis echioides
Authors: Javith . , Sridevi G. , Selavaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Andrographis echioides (Acanthaceae) which is commonly known as false water willow is a herb commonly found throughout India. Some of them are medicinally important. The plants from genus Andrographis are used in goiter, liver diseases, fever, fertility problems, bacterial, malarial, helminthic fungal, diarrhea and larvicidal disorders.

Materials and Methods: The in-vitro anti inflammatory properties of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform extracts were evaluated by Protein denaturation assay. Aspirin was a positive control. The experiment was done in triplicates and percent inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated. The data were analysed statistically using one way analysis of variance ( ONE-WAY ANOVA). Duncan's multiple tests were used to analyse the statistical significance between groups. The level of significance was considered at the levels of p<0.005.

Results: There was a dose-dependent increase in protease inhibition of protein denaturation in three extracts from the concentration ranging from 100 to 500 ug/ml. All the three extracts of Andrographis echioides showed better in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect compounds.

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform of Andrographis echioides possessed potent in vitro anti inflammatory effect attributed to its flavonoid, phenyl glycosides compounds.
Antibacterial Activity of Sargassum Species Seaweed Extracts against E. coli
Authors: Sutharshan G. S. , Roy Anitha , Sivaperumal Pitchiah , Lakshmi T.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Seaweeds are marine macroscopic algae; they are the raw materials for the production of agar and algin and later they are consumed as foodstuffs. Seaweeds are grouped under three divisions viz., Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae which are found in relatively shallow coastal waters. Sargassum, a genus of brown seaweed, and it was commonly known as gulfweed belonging to the family Sargassaceae. The antibacterial activity of a molecule is completely associated with compounds that kill bacteria or slow down their growth rate, without being highly toxic to nearby tissues. The main aim of the study is to prepare and                     evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of Sargassum species seaweed extract against                    E. coli.

Materials and Methods: The fresh seaweed Sargassum sp. was collected from Tuticorin coastal area, Tamil Nadu. The extract was prepared using ethanol and stored in a shadowy aluminum container at 4ºC for further analysis. The bacterial suspension was made using Gram-negative Drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Uropathogenic E. coli, and Verotoxin-producing E. coli. The antibacterial activity of seaweed extract was performed with a disc diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of seaweed extract was observed.

Results: The data was collected and tabulated and the bioactivity of the seaweed extracts was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity against the selected isolated E. coli, UPEC and VPEC was more susceptible to the crude extract of the seaweed (Sargassum sp.), as the MIC was 20 µg/ml. The extract showed the antibacterial activity.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Sargassum sp. Seaweed has antibacterial potential. Further future work should be done to determine the exact active compounds responsible for activity
Studies on Chemotherapeutic Potential of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Aegle marmelos on Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kumar N. Bharath , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj R. , Preetha S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung cancer, one of the world’s leading causes of cancer death. There is an improvement in mortality by screening of lung cancer by low dose computed tomography. Long time ago, lung cancer was a reportable disease which now became a commonest cause of death due to cancer. Discovery of medicine for various diseases is still an ongoing process. A lot of diseases are still remaining a threat without any treatment or medicine. Herbal derived medicines are preferred because of their low side effects on patients.

Objective: To investigate the role of Aegle marmelos against human lung cancer cell lines (A549 cell line).

Materials and Methods: A549 cell lines were procured from NCCS (National center for cell sciences) Pune, India. It was cultured and viability of the cells before and after adding the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. mRNA amplification was done using real time PCR.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and dunken’s multiple test. Corresponding graphs are also plotted.

Results: The viability of the cells decreased from 100% to 50%. The mRNA expression of wnt and β-catenin decreased after the addition of the extract.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Aegle marmelos possesses a good, novel, innovative, anti- cancer activity against the lung cancer cell lines A549.
A Study of Nasal Septal Deviation, External Nasal Deformities, and their Correlation with the Severity of Sino-Nasal Symptoms Using Sino Nasal Symptoms Score Questionnaire
Authors: Sunnychan Senu , Deshmukh P. T.
Published: March 2022

Background/Rationale: The human nose is structurally complex and this complexity results in nasal shape and shape variations. Midline deformities such as hump nose, saddle nose, tip deformities and lateral nasal deformities such as crooked nose, deviated nose, alar depression are common forms of deformity affecting the external nose. Internal nasal valve (INV) is a key anatomical landmark of nasal cavity. Any obstructions in this region have tremendous effects on inspiratory and expiratory currents. This study aims to assess the nasal septal deviation and external nasal deformities and correlate the severity of sino nasal symptoms.

Methods: This Prospective observational study will include total 50 patients with nasal septal deviation. Patients will undertake Sino Nasal Test -22 questionnaire. Investigations like Diagnostic nasal endoscopy with 30 degree nasal endoscope, X-ray PNS Water’s view and complete blood count including absolute eosinophilic count will be carried out. Data will be analysed using appropriate statistical tests.

Expected Results: A significant correlation is expected between Nasal Septal Deviation, External Nasal Deformities, and Severity of Sino-nasal Symptoms.

Conclusion: This study will reflect on internal nasal valve and it’s correlation with etiopathological process of upper respiratory tract. It will also guide clinicians in choosing appropriate surgical approach.
Neurofibroma of the Median Nerve Managed With Ultrasound Guided Nerve Block: A Case Report
Authors: Tople Jeshnu Prakash , Shankar Shilpa
Published: March 2022

Background: Median nerve neurofibroma can mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. In unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist imaging is suggested to exclude tumors. Diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve sheath tumors can be challenging.

Case: This is a case report of 42-year-old female with median nerve neurofibroma who presented with excruciating pain as the main symptom. Though surgical excision is the preferred treatment, it is associated with the risk of functional deficit. In this case, patient was unwilling for surgery. This report highlights the evaluation of neurofibroma and the role of median nerve block in the symptomatic as well as functional improvement.

Conclusion: Nerve block can be effective if neurofibroma presents with pain as the main symptom without any impairment of motor function or daily activities.
The Effect of Conventional Lumbar Spine Surgery on the Lumbar Multifidus Fat Infiltration
Authors: Mirsaeid Seyed Shahab Ghazi , Basharabadi Ahmad Porashiedy , Fallah Ehsan , Nasab Mohammad Mansouri
Published: March 2022

Aims: Low back pain is considered as a common problem that affects most adults at least once in their lives. Almost 90% of people experience back pain during their lifetime. The total cost of treating chronic low back pain in the United States is estimated at more than $ 100 billion annually. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar spine surgery on the lumbar multifidus fat infiltration in the patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in 2020.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurosurgery, AJA University of Medical Sciences (AJAUMS), Imam-Reza Hospital, Tehran between January 2020 and January 2021.

Methodology: In the present prospective study, patients with disk herniation or lumbar spine canal stenosis referred to the neurosurgery clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in 2020 that underwent surgery were enrolled. After six months, they underwent lumbosacral MRI again. Multifidus muscles in primary MRI and sixth month MRI were compared at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels and the changes were recorded.

Results: A total number of 288 patients were enrolled in the present study during the study period. Based on the results, moderate fat infiltration (grade II) have had the highest frequency amongst the patients, and 52% of patients were in the moderate state in terms of adipose tissue infiltration in multifidus muscle postoperatively.

Conclusion: Increased adipose tissue infiltration in the postoperative period was high and can be considered as a cause of disability and severe pain in patients after surgery. Due to the muscle atrophy six months post-surgery owing to intraoperative muscle injuries and consequently postoperative movement restriction, some exercises and physical therapy can be suggested to correct movement patterns and further reduce pain in the patients.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Some Chalcone Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Panaskar Amit N. , Jain Ashish , Mohanty Pradeep Kumar
Published: March 2022

Aim: Chalcones are part of the selected group of chemical compounds related with diverse pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, convulsion, anxiety, anti-inﬂammatory, andanalgesic. The aim of this study was to synthesize chalcones hydrazide derivatives and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity in the model of carrageenan induced edema in rats.

Methods: The chalcone hydrazide derivatives were prepared by treating Isonicotinyl and Nicotinyl hydrazide with respective parent chalconeand environmentally friendly solvents with 78–85% yields in approximately 6 hrs. These compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The structures of synthesised derivatives were evaluated on biological activity at dose of 40 mg/kg and they showed anti-inflammatory protective effect by oral administration, this effect was time dependent.

Results: All the derivatives were given satisfactory reaction yields that representing the efficiency of the employed synthetic route. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, CL-2derivative showed most significant percentage of inhibition (61.97%) as compared to reference standard Indomethacin.

Conclusion: Compound CL-2 was showed significant anti-inflammatory activity due to presence of electron donating groups like –CH3 on ring A and electron withdrawing group like NO2 on ring B at 4th position in isonicotinyl hydrazide derivative. All synthetic chalcone hydrazide derivatives may be considered as safer drugs for treating inflammatory conditions.
Remarks on the Stone Circle of Callernish
Authors: Thomas J W L
Published: March 2022

Notice of a talk given by Lieutenant J W L Thomas on the stone circle at Calanais, including photographic and stereographic views he created during his surveying expedition.
Notice of a Deed by Sir James Sandilands of Calder, relative to the Parish Church of Mid-Calder
Authors: Robertson Joseph
Published: March 2022

This article addresses the reasons that the church at Mid Calder was left unfinished in the sixteenth century. The author quotes extensively from a primary source that requires Sir James Sandilands or his heir to complete the church, which neither of them did as the Reformation halted the construction. The article then goes on to describe the original plans for the church.
Notice of a Barrow at Huntiscarth in the Parish of Harray, Orkney, recently opened
Authors: Petrie George , Farrer James
Published: March 2022

An account of the excavation of a barrow on Orkney containing some - possibly burnt - human remains, as well as four gold disks and several beads made of amber.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2022

Meeting notes for 14 June, 1859. An extensive list of donations to the Society is included. Many of the artefacts presented were unearthed in Orkney. It is also noted that the Museum collections were moved into the Royal Institution and that the process of arranging the collections had begun.
Notice of the 'Bluidy Banner' of Drumclog and Bothwell Brig, preserved at Dunbar
Authors: Drummond James
Published: March 2022

The author presents several illustrations of banners used by the Covenanters in the Seventeenth century. He focuses on one banner in particular that he has an unusually thorough provenance for thanks to information he gained from its owners. He uses the discussion of these items to highlight the brutality of the conflict and to raise questions about the reliability of written records from the time.
Saint Maelrubha: his History and Churches
Authors: Reeves William
Published: March 2022

This article presents the family history and ecclesiastical career of Saint Maelrubha, who founded the monastery at Applecross in Ross-shire. The author notes that there are significant differences between the Irish and Scottish sources in regards to the events of this saint's life, as well as in the spelling of his name and the date of his feast day. The second part of the article discusses some of the locations and families that may have been associated with Saint Maelrubha.
Archaeology, Its Aims and Uses
Authors: Neaves Lord
Published: March 2022

A transcript of Lord Neaves' speech from the Conversazione that opened the Society's new Museum rooms. He emphasises the wide range of disciplines that are relevant to antiquarian studies and highlights what he believes are some of the most important parts of the Museum's collections. He also notes some artefacts that he feels the museum is missing and what benefits they could bring to antiquarian studies.

 

Meeting notes for 9 January, 1860 are appended. At this meeting, Alexander Henry Rhind donated nearly 700 Egyptian artefacts from his excavations in Thebes to the Museum. Presentations were also made at this meeting by Mr Le Blanc and Cosmo Innes but were not later expanded into articles for the Proceedings.
Notice of the Account-book of Andrew Halyburton, Conservator of the Privileges of the Scottish Nation in the Low Countries, 1493-1504
Authors: Robertson Joseph
Published: March 2022

The author uses the ledger of a Scottish merchant, Andrew Halyburton, to discuss the imports and exports from Scotland in the sixteenth century. He notes that in addition to trading goods between Scotland and Europe, Halyburton also performed some of the functions of an international banker.

 

Meeting notes for 13 February, 1860 are appended. The provenance of several donations are included in the meeting notes.
Notes on Clock and Watch Making; with Descriptions of several Antique Timekeepers deposited in the Museum
Authors: Bryson Alex
Published: March 2022

An account of the history of timekeeping and watchmaking in Britain and Europe. The article ends with a list of watches donated to the Society by the author, including any information he has on their makers or owners.

 

Meeting notes for 21 May, 1860 are appended.
Reference Notes to Plan and Views of Ancient Remains on the Summit of the Laws, Forfarshire
Authors: Neish James , Stuart John
Published: March 2022

The author describes the ruined walls on Laws Hill near Monifieth and some of the artefacts that have been found there. The article also includes a plan survey from 1859 with detailed explanatory notes. The Secretary, John Stuart, then adds his own observations of these ruins which he compares to other sites in an attempt to understand their purpose and significance. An an addition to the end of the paper, a report on the ruins from 1827 by Dr John Jamieson offers a description of the site before some of the stones were removed.
Notice of a Cist opened on the Land of Roseisle, Morayshire; of Photo-Zincography as Applicable to Representation of Manuscripts, Seals, &c.; and on some Early Notices of Wheel Carriages used in the Streets of Edinburgh
Authors: Innes Cosmo
Published: March 2022

A notice of three papers given by Cosmo Innes: one on an excavation he observed, one on the process of photo-zincography, and one on sleds and wheel-carriages in seventeenth century Edinburgh.
On the Present State of the Question, 'Where was John Knox born?'
Authors: Richardson John , Laing David
Published: March 2022

John Richardson tries to reconcile the two theories about the location of John Knox's birth: Gifford, the village, or Giffordgate, the suburb or Haddington. He presents the histories of both areas during Knox's lifetime. THe paper concludes that the village was not known as Gifford at the time and a supplementary notice also concludes that Knox was born in Haddington based on Knox's work as a notary.
Notice of a Stone Coffin which contained an Urn and Jet Ornaments, discovered near Pitkennedy, parish of Aberlemno, Forfarshire
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: March 2022

This article describes a stone coffin and the grave goods found surrounding it. The author particularly focuses on the jet beads found and speculates that these may indicate that this was the grave of a high-ranking woman. He also briefly touches on other finds in the area as well as some local history.
Notes of some Curiosities of Old Scottish Tenures and Investitures
Authors: Innes Cosmo
Published: March 2022

The author discusses how changes in land ownership were demonstrated before legal records were introduced. He demonstrates how in some cases a physical gift, such as a piece of the land's turf or a knife, was given to the new landowner in order to symbolise that the transfer of land had taken place. Several of the examples he cites are from England or Europe, but he also covers Scottish examples of this practice from the early medieval period.
Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico do Tratamento de Efluentes por Eletrocoagulação
Authors: Fernandes Thalys de Freitas , Souza Caio Cefas da Nóbrega , Alexandre Gerônimo Barbosa , Silva José Nilton
Published: March 2022

Este artigo aborda um estudo de monitoramento tecnológico da eletrocoagulação, usando patentes como fontes de informações. Para o levantamento das informações foi utilizada a base de dados privada, Questel Orbit®, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chave para as buscas: “eletrocoagulação”, “tratamento de água” e “alumínio”, sendo encontradas e utilizadas um total de 56 documentos de patentes. Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de levantar as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas ao tratamento de efluentes líquidos por eletrocoagulação. As principais aplicações mencionadas à eletrocoagulação ocorrem nas áreas de remoção de contaminantes e eletrodos inertes com 15 e 16 patentes, respectivamente. Outras áreas de destaque são as de reatores de eletrocoagulação com nove patentes e a da precipitação com seis documentos. Dentre as tecnologias relacionadas à eletrocoagulação, a que mais se destacaram foram as de tratamento de águas residuais e da modificação do ânodo e/ou do cátodo, somando 51,43% do total dos documentos analisados.
Prospecção Tecnológica em Sistemas de Informação: estratégias para regularização do acesso ao patrimônio genético de uma instituição de pesquisa agropecuária
Authors: Cordeiro Fabio Lima , Belém Adelina do Socorro Serrão , Silva Alessandra Rodrigues da
Published: March 2022

A necessidade de regularização da produção técnico-científica passiva das instituições de pesquisa do país, junto ao Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (SISGEN), está relacionada com a mudança da Lei de Acesso ao Patrimônio Genético (Lei 13.123/15) e com o Decreto que a regulariza. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever como a prospecção tecnológica realizada por meio de um sistema de informação de uma instituição de pesquisa agropecuária pode contribuir para o atendimento ágil e seguro dos instrumentos exigidos para regularização do acesso ao patrimônio genético das atividades de pesquisa executadas pela instituição, no período anterior à promulgação do novo marco legal da biodiversidade. Os relatórios estatísticos qualitativos e quantitativos decorrentes do sistema citado foram fundamentais para o levantamento das publicações e contribuíram para a tomada de decisão dos pesquisadores responsáveis pela regularização.
Sistematização de um Modelo de Prospecção Tecnológica com as Ferramentas Espacenet e Iramuteq: aplicação para banco de dados de patentes verdes do elemento fósforo
Authors: Nascimento Tatiana Costa , Cajavilca Erick Samuel Rojas , Santos Aline Teles
Published: March 2022

A presente pesquisa busca sistematizar um modelo com ferramentas open source a fim de auxiliar pesquisadores, oficinas de transferência de tecnologia, startups, universidades, empresas e outras instituições nas atividades de mineração de dados textuais e prospecção tecnológica de patentes. Para isso, desenvolvemos um software denominado Espaceteq para contribuir nas tarefas de  agrupamento, classificação e análise das associações por meio de relatórios gráficos e numéricos do banco de dados pesquisado. Esse sistema pode ser operado off-line/on-line e em vários sistemas operacionais: Unix, Windows e OS. Por fim, é um software de tamanho médio, operando com mais de 10.000 registros.
Prospecção de Artigos e Patentes sobre Plantas Medicinais Presentes na Caatinga Brasileira
Authors: Emiliano Sannyele Alcantara , Balliano Tatiane Luciano
Published: March 2022

Plantas medicinais possuem princípios ativos que ajudam no tratamento de doenças e podem levar à cura. São utilizadas por meio de chás ou infusões, que devem ser ingeridos enquanto durar o tratamento. Ainda hoje, nas regiões mais pobres do país, estas plantas vêm sendo comercializadas em feiras livres, mercados, sendo ainda encontradas em quintais para seu uso fitoterápico. Entretanto, na última década as plantas medicinais têm se destacado como produto de valor agregado, onde o número de países que importam essa matéria-prima vem se ampliando, compreendendo países como Alemanha, Estados Unidos, Singapura, Malásia e Japão, estes os maiores importadores de plantas medicinais e aromáticas. Assim, este trabalho refere-se a um estudo prospectivo de artigos e patentes relacionadas a espécies de plantas de interesse medicinal, onde são verificados alguns indicadores que demonstram a importância do conhecimento da utilização das mesmas, bem como o interesse de mercado.
A Importância de uma Ampla Interação entre Universidades e os Habitats de Inovação
Authors: Maldonado Bruno Teixeira , Pereira Marcelo Farid
Published: March 2022

Como instituições voltadas ao ensino e à pesquisa, as universidades possuem um papel fundamental na criação e no desenvolvimento do conhecimento e da tecnologia necessários para as atividades de inovação. Em vista da importância desses elementos para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico, torna-se essencial a interação entre a universidade e o setor empresarial. Entretanto, dada as suas especificidades e as naturezas diferentes de cada um, observa-se uma série de obstáculos para o desenvolvimento dessa interação. O objetivo deste artigo é averiguar como é possível superar tais obstáculos no atual contexto do sistema de inovação nacional, sustentado pelo estudo bibliográfico do tema, do modelo da tríplice hélice e dos habitats de inovação. O estudo, ao fim, enfatizou a importância dos habitats de inovação para dar suporte a essa interação e promover a interação dos agentes da tríplice hélice, suprindo as lacunas institucionais existentes entre estes para efetivar um ambiente de inovação.
Atuação do Sebrae nos Ambientes de Inovação: horizonte de atuação a partir de 2019
Authors: Mazzei Débora Franceschini , Borges Juliana Ferreira , Faria Krishna Aum de , Bezerra Marcus Vinícius Lopes , Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles , Martin Adriana Regina
Published: March 2022

O Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) trabalha há quase duas décadas junto às incubadoras por meio de convênios de cooperação com a Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores (ANPROTEC). Para dinamizar essa atuação em nível nacional, contemplando os Sebrae localizados nos 26 Estados e no Distrito Federal, criou-se, ao final de 2018, uma estratégia nacional para unificar e direcionar os esforços de conexão. O conteúdo deste artigo é uma simplificação da estratégia construída pela equipe para potencializar os espaços de inovação.
Estudo Prospectivo Sobre Microencapsulamento de Óleos Vegetais no Brasil e no Mundo: uma análise até 2013
Authors: Ferreira Ribeiro Camila Duarte , Sousa Luciane Santos , Borges Ísis Maria Pereira , Nunes Itaciara Larroza
Published: March 2022

A modificação tecnológica dos óleos vegetais tem sido cada vez maior em decorrência da importância nutricional e econômica desses produtos. Portanto, o presente estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo avaliar o panorama mundial relativo ao microencapsulamento de óleos vegetais, correlacionando-o com os documentos depositados de patentes. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa das patentes nas bases de dados Espacenet® e INPI. Pode-se observar que houve um crescimento exponencial com pico em 2012 em relação ao depósito de patentes, sendo a China o país líder em número de patentes depositadas. Em relação à área de atuação, a indústria farmacêutica lidera, seguida da alimentícia. A técnica de microencapsulamento mais utilizada é a spray-drying, e os materiais de parede mais empregados são a maltodextrina e o amido. Conclui-se que há uma tendência ao crescimento de depósito de patentes referentes ao microencapsulamento de óleos. No Brasil, o número de patentes depositadas ainda é pequeno.
Narrativas Visuais para Educação e Aprendizagem: estudo de prospecção científica e tecnológica
Authors: Soletti Ana Luísa Carvalho , Carvalho Sandra Helena Vieira de , Uchôa Sílvia Beatriz Beger
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica e patentária referente ao uso da narrativa visual aplicada ao ensino e à aprendizagem. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, de forma a se obter resultados aprofundados e abrangentes. Foram utilizadas as plataformas Scopus e Web of Science para o levantamento bibliográfico. Para o levantamento patentário, a busca foi realizada nas bases Orbit®, Esp@cenet e INPI. A pesquisa mostrou que a abordagem da narrativa visual aplicada à educação vem ganhando espaço na área acadêmica, com diversos estudos que abrangem seu entendimento como ferramenta inovadora, adotando diferentes mídias e tecnologias. Essa abordagem facilita a compreensão e acessibilidade de diversos assuntos, em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, podendo ser aplicada a diferentes públicos, sendo também um possível canal de inclusão de indivíduos com diferentes tipos de limitações.