bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Atom Transfer for C(sp3)−H Functionalization Enabled by Photoredox/Thianthrene/Methanol Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Ning Shen , Li Yi , Xiong Yanjiao , Wu Xuesong
Published: March 2023

A synergetic catalytic system of organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN, thianthrene, and methanol was developed for visible‐light‐induced Giese reactions of various alkanes and alkenes, upon using alkoxy radicals as hydrogen atom transfer reagents. The reaction can be performed under mild conditions to provide the alkylated products in moderate to excellent yields, avoiding the use of any strong oxidants and transition metal reagents. Different from the known LMCT and PCET processes, the key to success of this approach is the in situ thianthrenation of methanol by thianthrene radical cation to trigger the generation of methoxy radical.
Efficient Demulsification of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions Using Bio‐Based Amphiphilic Esters
Authors: Abdullah Mahmood M. S. , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Karami Abdelnasser
Published: March 2023

Abietic acid (AA) as a natural compound is used to synthesize two amphiphilic esters. AA was reacted with tetraethylene glycol (TG) or polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400) to obtain amphiphilic esters, AA‐TG, and AA‐PG, respectively. AA‐TG and AA‐PG were characterized using different techniques. In addition, the efficacy of these esters in demulsifying water‐in‐heavy crude oil emulsions was evaluated by means of several parameters. The demulsification efficacy (DE) of AA‐TG and AA‐PG reached 100 % in different cases. The results indicated that the DE was improved as the demulsifier concentration and temperature increased and the seawater ratio decreased. Furthermore, AA‐TG and AA‐PG achieved a higher DE and shorter demulsification time than the commercial demulsifier.
Systemic Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes in Multi‐Species Electroactive Biofilms to Clarify the Gradual Decline of Current Generation in Microbial Anodes
Authors: Martinez Ostormujof Lucila , Teychené Sébastien , Achouak Wafa , Fochesato Sylvain , Bakarat Mohamed , Rodriguez‐Ruiz Isaac , Bergel Alain , Erable Benjamin
Published: March 2023

The decrease in the electrochemical activity of multi‐species microbial anodes in bioelectrochemical systems is the main bottleneck to overcome for bringing these technologies one‐step closer to the industrialization stage. In this study, microsized stainless steel electrodes were implemented to investigate the distinctive electrochemical behavior of salt marsh electroactive biofilms (EABs). Four main temporal stages of biocolonization and electrochemical activity were thoroughly described. Maximum biofilm growth rate, high viability and high extracellular protein matrix content favored the increasing electrochemical activity of the EAB up to its maximum current peak. Then, when gradual fall in current became irreversible, biofilm growth rate decreased together with dead cells accumulation and an increase for extracellular polysaccharides. In addition, analyses of microbial populations showed a shift from Marinobacterium spp. to Desulfuromonas spp. These findings suggest a chemical and microbial temporal evolution of the EAB, which can be directly correlated to the electrochemical performance of the bioanode.
Controlling Morphologies of Redox‐Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for a Smart Drug Delivery System
Authors: Lee Chae Gyu , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk
Published: March 2023

Redox‐responsive nanocarriers using disulfides or thiols have received considerable attention owing to the higher levels of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells than those in extracellular fluids. Nevertheless, the normal‐to‐cancer‐cell selectivity of these nanocarriers has not yet been clarified. Nanocarriers exhibit different cytotoxicities depending on the morphologies they adopt under the redox‐active conditions typically existing in cancerous cells. Therefore, not only GSH levels but also reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and other complex cancerous cell conditions must be considered for the development of smart drug delivery systems. In this article, we review the structural design of redox‐responsive polymers that exhibit different morphological changes in environments akin to cancerous cells (e. g., GSH‐ and ROS‐abundant conditions). In addition, we propose a molecular design for the spatiotemporal control of nanocarrier morphology depending on the levels of both GSH and ROS upon photoirradiation to increase the cytotoxicity difference between normal and cancer cells.
Photoluminescence Properties of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Influenced by the Tether Length of Reagents with Two Reactive Sites
Authors: Konno Yui , Morooka Rina , Morishita Tatsunari , Zhao Pei , Miyasaka Naoto , Ono Kazuki , Noda Akira , Uchida Daiki , Iwasaki Ren , Yamada Michio , Ehara Masahiro , Maeda Yutaka
Published: March 2023

The functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is an effective method for controlling a local band gap, resulting in photoluminescence (PL) in the near‐infrared region. Herein, SWNTs were functionalized using a series of bromoalkanes and dibromoalkanes to evaluate the effects of their length on the nanotube PL properties. When bromoalkanes (CnH2n+1Br) or dibromoalkanes (CnH2nBr2) with tether lengths of six or more were utilized for six different semiconducting SWNTs, the obtained SWNT adducts exhibited two new PL peaks, whereas dibromoalkanes with tether lengths of 3–5 (CnH2nBr2: n=3–5) produced single peaks. Combined with theoretical calculations, the results suggested that the tether length of reagents changes the formation mechanism of functionalized adducts, that is, CnH2nBr2 (n=3–5) tends to result in kinetic products.
Rhetorical citizenship and the environment
Authors: Andersen Ida Vikøren
Published: March 2023

In this paper, I discuss rhetorical studies’ contribution to the study of environmental communication. With the concept of rhetorical environmental citizenship, I emphasize rhetorical scholarship's concern with citizens’ participation in democracy – both as recipients of and actors in environmental debates. Specifically, this approach invites analyses and evaluations of the public rhetoric of elite actors, considering how it facilitates critical engagement and reflection in matters affecting the environment. Additionally, it encourages examinations of citizens’ democratic participation, attending to how citizens perform, challenge and negotiate their membership in the community also through non‐deliberative rhetorical practices.
Plasmonic Scattering Microscopy for Label‐Free Imaging of Molecular Binding Kinetics: From Single Molecules to Single Cells
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Xinyu , Wang Shaopeng
Published: March 2023

Measuring molecular binding kinetics represents one of the most important tasks in molecular interaction analysis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a popular tool for analyzing molecular binding. Plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM) is a newly developed SPR imaging technology, which detects the out‐of‐plane scattering of surface plasmons by analytes and has pushed the detection limit of label‐free SPR imaging down to a single‐protein level. In addition, PSM also allows SPR imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution, making it possible to analyze cellular response to the molecular bindings. In this Mini Review, we present PSM as a method of choice for chemical and biological imaging, introduce its theoretical mechanism, present its experimental schemes, summarize its exciting applications, and discuss its challenges as well as the promising future.
p53 expression in cytology samples may represent a marker of early‐stage cancer
Authors: Policardo Federica , Tralongo Pietro , Arciuolo Damiano , Fiorentino Vincenzo , Cardasciani Lina , Pierconti Francesco , Carlino Angela , Curatolo Mariangela , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido , De Crea Carmela , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Raffaelli Marco , Larocca Luigi Maria , Pantanowitz Liron , Rossi Esther Diana
Published: March 2023

Background

TP53 gene plays a major role in the negative control of cell proliferation and in the regulation of signaling cascades. TP53 mutation may have a relevant role in the malignant transformation of thyroid cells as well as thyroid tumor progression. TP53 mutation has been detected only in few well differentiated thyroid carcinomas and is absent in benign conditions.

Methods

A total of 162 prospective thyroid cytology and corresponding histological samples diagnosed from atypia of indeterminate significance (AUS) to malignant, were studied via immunocytochemistry for p53. Hence, 50 benign lesions (B) were used as negative control. Molecular analysis for p53 only was performed.

Results

The cytology resulted in 50 B, 48 AUS, 40 follicular neoplasms (FNs), 23 suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 1 malignant (M) case. The authors reported 102 negative and 60 positive p53 cases. The 60 positive cases included 27 cases with weak and/or focal cytoplasmic positivity (+1) and 33 with cases moderate (2+) to strong (3+) cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression. Overall, 71 cases had histology (2 B, 11 AUS, 37 FN, 20 SFM, and 1 M) including 61.7% benign and 38.2% malignant diagnoses. Only 16 of 71 (5 FN, 10 SFM, and 1 M) were p53‐positive. Furthermore, 100% AUS and 86.5% FN cases were p53‐negative, none of which had malignant histology. All p53‐positive cases were associated with a larger nodule size, tall‐cell variant subtype, multifocality, extra thyroidal infiltration, and nodal metastases. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features were negative for p53. Few discrepancies in p53 intensity were observed on histology; there were no differences with the molecular testing.

Conclusions

p53 might be useful in discriminating thyroid follicular lesions. p53 is likely to be a useful diagnostic marker in recognizing indeterminate lesions that are well‐differentiated thyroid cancers.
Less is more meets do more with less: Exploring differences in thyroid FNA molecular testing between Asian and Western practices
Authors: Nishino Michiya
Published: March 2023

Differences in thyroid nodule management strategies exist between Asian and Western countries, resulting in divergent approaches to thyroid fine‐needle aspiration–based molecular testing.
Networking in next generation disaggregated datacenters
Authors: Ekane Brice , Tchana Alain , Hagimont Daniel , Teabe Boris , De Palma Noel
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, datacenters lean on a computer‐centric approach based on monolithic servers which include all necessary hardware resources (mainly CPU, RAM, network, and disks) to run applications. Such an architecture comes with two main limitations: (1) difficulty to achieve full resource utilization and (2) coarse granularity for hardware maintenance. Recently, many works investigated a resource‐centric approach called disaggregated architecture where the datacenter is composed of self‐content resource boards interconnected using fast interconnection technologies, each resource board including instances of one resource type. The resource‐centric architecture allows each resource to be managed (maintenance, allocation) independently. LegoOS is the first work which studied the implications of disaggregation on the operating system, proposing to disaggregate the operating system itself. They demonstrated the suitability of this approach, considering mainly CPU and RAM resources. However, they did not study the implication of disaggregation on network resources. We reproduced a LegoOS infrastructure and extended it to support disaggregated networking. We show that networking can be disaggregated following the same principles, and that classical networking optimizations such as DMA, DDIO, or loopback can be reproduced in such an environment. Our evaluations show the viability of the approach and the potential of future disaggregated infrastructures.
A Toolbox for Glutamine Use in Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: from Enzymatic Reaction Monitoring to the Study of Cellular Metabolic Pathways and Imaging
Authors: Dos Santos Karen , Bertho Gildas , Caradeuc Cédric , Baud Véronique , Montagne Aurélie , Abergel Daniel , Giraud Nicolas , Baudin Mathieu
Published: March 2023

Glutamine is under scrutiny regarding its metabolic deregulation linked to energetic reprogramming in cancer cells. Many analytical techniques have been used to better understand the impact of the metabolism of amino acids on biological processes, however only a few are suited to work with complex samples. Here, we report the use of a general dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D‐DNP) formulation using an unexpensive radical as a multipurpose tool to study glutamine, with insights from enzymatic modelling to complex metabolic networks and fast imaging. First, hyperpolarized [5‐13C] glutamine is used as molecular probe to study the kinetic action of two enzymes: L‐asparaginase that has been used as an anti‐metabolic treatment for cancer, and glutaminase. These results are also compared with those acquired with another hyperpolarized amino acid, [1,4‐13C] asparagine. Second, we explored the use of hyperpolarized (HP) substrates to probe metabolic pathways by monitoring metabolic profiles arising from hyperpolarized glutamine in E. coli extracts. Finally, a highly concentrated sample formulation is proposed for the purpose of fast imaging applications. We think that this approach can be extended to formulate other amino acids as well as other metabolites and provide complementary insights into the analysis of metabolic networks.
Endoscopic resection for a solitary Peutz‐Jeghers type polyp in the duodenum: A case report with literature review
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Katsurahara Masaki , Umeda Yuhei , Ikenoyama Yohei , Shigefuku Akina , Fujiwara Yasuko , Beppu Tuyoshi , Tsuboi Junya , Yamada Reiko , Nakamura Misaki , Tanaka Kyosuke , Horiki Noriyuki , Nakagawa Hayato
Published: March 2023

A 68‐year‐old female patient was referred to our hospital with a 30‐mm polyp in the second portion of the duodenum found via esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The polyp had an irregular, lobular surface and a thick stalk. In addition, white dots were detected on the surface. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging showed a white material deep in the loop‐shaped microvessels on the white dots. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic elevated lesion from the mucosal layer, and a feeding vessel traversing the stalk to supply the head of the polyp. Endoscopic biopsy did not provide a definitive diagnosis. Endoscopic resection was conducted for a definitive diagnosis and treatment. The resected specimen showed a branching bundle of smooth muscle fibers covered by hyperplastic mucosa, consistent with a hamartomatous polyp. The patient had no mucocutaneous pigmentation or familial history of the hamartomatous polyp. The polyp was finally diagnosed as a solitary Peutz‐Jeghers‐type polyp. No recurrence has been observed for seven years postoperatively.
Remnant Blood Quantification: Informing the Definition of Minimal Risk in Clinical Research
Authors: Gottula Adam L. , Constand Sara , Cabrera Sandra , Stolz Uwe , Salvator Ann , Goodman Michael , McMullan Jason
Published: March 2023

Guidelines from the Office for Human Research Protections regarding categories of research that institutional review boards (IRBs) may review through expedited procedures limit the volume of blood that can be obtained from research participants for minimal risk research purposes. As defined by the Common Rule, minimal risk research is research in which the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated are not greater than the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort encountered from routine clinical tests. For this study, we considered the volume of remnant blood following routine clinical tests in light of the current definition of minimal risk in research. Conducted at a single institution, this was a prospective cross‐sectional study that evaluated blood draws from 122 patients. The median daily remnant blood volume was 11.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 12.3, 15.2) ml for all patients and 12.9 (IQR: 13.1, 16.9) ml for patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Our findings regarding daily remnant blood volume suggest that the currently allowable blood‐volume limits to qualify for expedited review or to qualify as not more than minimal risk research involving blood draws from nonhealthy adults are less than what patients experience in routine medical testing. These findings support permitting an increase in the allowable blood‐volume limits to meet the regulatory definition of minimal risk research for obtaining expedited IRB review of studies in which blood samples will be collected.
Investigating the association between diet and infection with Trichomonas gallinae in the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)
Authors: Young Rebecca E. , Dunn Jenny C. , Vaughan Ian P. , Mallord John W. , Orsman Chris J. , Ka Moussa , Diallo Mamadou B. , Sarr Malang , Lormée Hervé , Eraud Cyril , Kiss Orsolya , Thomas Rebecca C. , Hamer Keith C. , Goodman Simon J. , Symondson William O. C.
Published: March 2023

Trichomonas gallinae, a protozoan parasite infecting a wide range of birds, has been a cause for conservation concern since its recognition as an emerging infectious disease, having had notable impacts on several avian species, including causing widespread mortality in greenfinches (Chloris chloris), and chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), and hindering the recovery of the endangered pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri). Horizontal transmission between birds congregating at feeding sites, such as those provided for conservation and species management purposes, is an important driver in the spread of T. galliane. Supplementary feeding is a key conservation intervention for the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), which is declining across its range, driven at least partially by a loss of natural food resources. Due to the link between T. gallinae transmission and supplementary feeding, we consider the prevalence of this parasite among European turtle dove in relation to diet, in the first study to analyze these two factors in the decline of this species together. Using birds sampled from breeding and wintering grounds, the dietary composition of individuals was compared to the presence of T. gallinae, and specific T. gallinae strains. Dietary variation was summarized into two axes using detrended correspondence analysis; neither was associated with the presence of T. gallinae or any specific strains. The proportion of diet accounted for by cultivated seeds did not affect parasite presence, despite the spread of this parasite being associated with supplementary feeding due to an increase in contact between potentially infected and uninfected birds gathering at high densities at feeding sites. Significant dietary overlap was observed between infected and uninfected individuals in all sites, with almost complete dietary overlap being observed in one breeding site. The level of dietary overlap between individuals infected with specific strains fluctuated between sampling seasons, indicating no consistent relationship between diet and infection status.
Study on simulation of real‐time hybrid model test for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Fu Jie , Shi Wei , Wang Wenhua , Li Xin , Zhou Yiming
Published: March 2023

As an emerging energy source with great potential, offshore wind power is supported by development policies in an increasing number of countries. However, the performance evaluation of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) structures is challenging due to the complexity of wind and wave loads and the difficulty in reproducing such loading conditions for downscaled FOWTs in laboratories. In physical model tests of FOWTs, the Froude's similarity law is adopted for the foundation, while the Reynolds similarity law is adopted for the blades, thus there is an issue with uncoordinated scaling laws. The FOWTs real‐time hybrid test uses loading device to simulate air loads, offering a new way to avoid scaling issues and reduce cost barriers. In this study, taking the 5 MW Braceless FOWT as the research object, a conceptual design of a real‐time hybrid model test system for Braceless offshore wind turbines is proposed. Six sets of working conditions are set for simulation to study the motion and force performances of the hybrid system. The performance requirements of the Braceless structure for the loading device in the real‐time hybrid test are quantified. Simulate different errors in the test to analyse the sensitivity of the response of the Braceless offshore wind turbine to various errors. The results show that the Braceless FOWT is relatively sensitive to motion and force errors. Due to the low‐frequency characteristics of offshore wind turbines and external load, the delay error has relatively little effect. The method results in this paper can provide theoretical support and design information support for the implementation of real‐time hybrid model tests in the future.
Investigation of nonproportional damping characteristics of structure with energy dissipation system
Authors: Wang Jinghui , Tan Ping , Huang Tiancan , He Xuefeng , Zhou Fulin
Published: March 2023

The spatial and traveling wave effects on a structure with an energy dissipation system can be conveniently considered using the random vibration method. In this study, the pseudo‐excitation method is introduced to perform random spatial seismic response analysis of such a structure considering different damper arrangements. The analysis results show the effects of nonproportional damping characteristics due to these arrangements, and the nonproportional damping characteristic index can estimate the strength of these characteristics. Moreover, the virtual excitation method can be used to determine the weak parts of the structure. The effect of the traveling wave on the energy dissipation system and damping structure is relatively low. The response results of the structure in the case of multipoint consistent excitation obtained by the complex vibration decomposition reaction spectrum method are compared. The method accounts for the effects of nonproportional damping and vibration velocity. Accurate time history results can be obtained by complex vibration decomposition time history analysis.
Seismic performance of rocking‐delayed spine frame system with base initial gaps
Authors: Chen Xingchen , Tagawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a rocking‐delayed spine frame system that provides initial gaps at the side column bases of the spine frame. This system exhibits a trade‐off behavior between the nonuplifting spine system and uplifting‐allowed rocking frame system. The feasibility of the proposed system was verified on 16 specimens using cyclic loading tests. An evaluation of the force–deformation relationship of the proposed system was proposed and verified by comparing it to the test results. The seismic performance of the proposed system was investigated using nonlinear time‐history analysis. The analysis results clarified the initial gap's influence on seismic responses. A trade‐off between the maximum story drift ratio, peak floor acceleration, and maximum shear force of the spine frame was revealed.
Elucidating the mechanisms of rapid O3 increase in North China Plain during COVID-19 lockdown period
Authors: Li Rui , Gao Yining , Wang Gehui
Published: March 2023

Ozone (O) levels in North China Plain (NCP) suffered
from rapid increases during the COVID-19 period. Many previous studies
have confirmed more rapid NO reduction compared with
VOCs might be responsible for the O increase during
this period, while the comprehensive impacts of each VOC species and
NO on ambient O and their interactions
with meteorology were not revealed clearly. To clarify the detailed
reasons for the O increase, a continuous campaign was
performed in a typical industrial city of NCP. Meanwhile, the
machine-learning technique and the box model were employed to reveal the
mechanisms of O increase from the perspective of
meteorology and photochemical process, respectively. The result
suggested that the ambient O level in Tangshan
increased from 18.7 ± 4.63 to 45.6 ± 8.52 μg/m
(143%) after COVID-19 lockdown, and the emission reduction and
meteorology contributed to 77% and 66% of this increment,
respectively. The higher wind speed (WS) coupled with regional transport
played a significant role on O increase (30.8 kg/s).
The O sensitivity verified that O
production was highly volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive
(Relative incremental reactivity (RIR): 0.75), while the
NO showed the negative impact on O
production in Tangshan (RIR: -0.59). It suggested that the control of
VOCs rather than NO might be more effective in reducing
O level in Tangshan because it was located on the
VOC-limited regime. Besides, both of ozone formation potential (OFP)
analysis and observation-based model (OBM) demonstrated that the alkenes
(36.3 ppb) and anthropogenic oxygenated volatile organic compounds
(OVOCs) (15.2 ppb) showed the higher OFP compared with other species,
and their reactions released a large number of HO and
RO radicals. Moreover, the concentrations of these
species did not experience marked decreases after COVID-19 lockdown,
which were major contributors to O increase during this
period. This study underlines the necessity of priority controlling
alkenes and OVOCs, which will benefit not just NCP but also other
regions in China.
Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Czech Republic: History, Current Status, Management, and Regulations
Authors: Lyach Roman
Published: March 2023

The Czech Republic has a long tradition of pond production and recreational fisheries. Today, the Czech fisheries sector has two main pillars: (1) production of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in semi-extensive pond culture and (2) rod-based recreational angling by approximately 350,000 people (3% of the Czech population). The production of carp supplies fish protein mainly for the local population, but the Czech Republic is also Europe's most important exporter of carp meat. A mandatory national license and reporting system in recreational fisheries has been effective since the 1950s. Anglers purchase a fishing license, and the proceeds are used mainly to stock fish and maintain ecosystems for native fish species. Recreational angling and fish stocking are focused on nonnative species: Common Carp and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Here, I present a short review of pond culture, aquaculture, commercial fisheries, and recreational fisheries, with examples of history, status, management, and regulations.
Nutritional and health status of Afghan refugee women living in Punjab: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fatima Maleeha , Nosheen Farhana , Afzaal Muhammad , Islam Fakhar , Noreen Rabia , Imran Ali , Amer Ali Yuosra
Published: March 2023

Afghan refugees are the world's densely populated community, with 2.6 million registered Afghan refugees living globally, of whom about 2.2 million are in Iran and Pakistan. Pakistan is a densely populated country, and due to its low socioeconomic status, food insecurity, unhygienic conditions, and inadequate access to health care, the Afghan refugees have high chances of being malnourished; the chances of death for these Afghans are 25 times more every year from undernourishment and poverty than those from violence. This study aimed to assess anthropometric and biochemical analyses, their health complications, and the socioeconomic status of Afghan refugee women living in Islamabad Punjab as women are the most vulnerable and highly malnourished group in any community. This cross‐sectional study involved 150 Afghan women aged 15–30 years; they were assessed for their nutritional status using Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical and Diet (ABCD). The results indicate the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, and overweight at 74.7%, 16.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. Majority of the women have extremely low hemoglobin (Hb) level, which indicates iron deficiency as well as low body mass index for their age. As the results indicate that there are high chances of severe malnutrition among this most vulnerable segment of the population, this situation must be addressed immediately; the main aim of this study is to highlight the current situation of these Afghan refugees in Pakistan. More research is needed to determine how normal body weight women with low hemoglobin levels are compared to women with ideal body mass index ratios.
Anthropogenic impact on a seacoast landscape during the last 1300 years in central Latvia, Northeastern Europe
Authors: Stivrins Normunds , Doniņa Inga , Auns Muntis , Blaus Ansis , Liiv Merlin , Steinberga Dace , Jasiunas Nauris , Grudzinska Ieva
Published: March 2023

Human‐induced activities around Lake Lilaste in the central Latvian sandy coastal area have been reconstructed over a 1300‐year period. We use a combination of well‐established geoarchaeological research methods (14C dating, pollen, nonpollen palynomorphs, REVEALS modeling, diatoms, C/N ratio, magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition) to study the human impact on the environment. Historical context aids focus on records of resource (e.g., timber) exploitation in the area. The continuous record of human indicator pollen and agricultural landscape suggests this area was suitable for habitation well before the studied time period, likely due to the ecosystem services it provided. Our proxy‐based study, combined with historical background, reveals a significant human impact on the terrestrial environment since the 14th century. Deficiency of trees in the northern outskirts of Riga during the 17th–19th century was likely. Anthropogenic activity has led to both deforestation and change in species composition. Our paleo records indicate recognizable human‐driven legacy in current seacoast landscape.
Natural gas potential of Neogene source rocks in the Yiliping area, Qaidam Basin: Using an improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model based on least‐squares Monte Carlo
Authors: Li Changrong , Lu Hongxin , Shao Lidong , Liu Gang , Yang Chun , Wang Hairong , Huo Zhipeng , Wang Enze
Published: March 2023

The Neogene petroleum system in the Yiliping area of the Qaidam Basin presents great prospects for natural gas exploration. However, its natural gas potential, including the source rock characteristics, is insufficient. Due to a lack of geological constraints, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion (HGE) model, which is widely used in resource potential evaluation, may be unable to obtain optimal parameters. Here, we propose an improved HGE model based on least‐squares Monte Carlo to assess the HGE characteristics and natural gas resource potential of the Neogene source rocks in the Yiliping area by combining geological and geochemical investigations. The findings show that the Neogene source rock is effective and has significant potential for natural gas generation. Algae and bacteria, which were deposited in a saline and anoxic environment, are the primary sources of organic matter in Neogene source rock (primarily Type II and Type III). Modelling work suggests that Type II and III kerogen of Neogene source rock reach hydrocarbon generation threshold (HGT) at Ro = 0.38% and Ro = 0.49% and reach hydrocarbon expulsion threshold (HET) at Ro = 0.45% and Ro = 0.55%. The maximum HGE intensities are 3400 × 104 and 3378 × 104 t/km2. The extra‐source natural gas and shale gas resource potentials are predicted to be 2.05 × 1012 m3 to 4.11 × 1012 m3 and 7.03 × 1012 m3. The findings will guide future Neogene natural gas exploration in the Yiliping area of the Qaidam Basin.
The assessment of e‐HRM tools and its impact on HRM system effectiveness and organizational effectiveness: An empirical study of selected multinational companies in Ghana
Authors: William Asamoah‐Appiah , Singh Kesari
Published: March 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of the usage of e‐HRM on HRM system effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. The dearth of empirical studies in developing countries, especially in Ghana, warranted this study. The study adopts a quantitative cross‐sectional approach and uses descriptive and inferential research approaches. The targeted population was employees, HR professionals, and line managers at Tata Africa Holdings (Ghana) Limited, Alliance Motors (Ghana) Limited, and MTN Ghana Limited (N = 610). The sample size was determined using Cochran's (1977) sample size formula (n = 236). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire constructed in Likert‐scale style and self‐administered. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using structural equation model‐partial least square (version 3.0). The results revealed that e‐HRM tools have statistical significance for policy‐level effectiveness, technical effectiveness, strategic effectiveness, and human resource management effectiveness. There is a positive relationship between policy‐level effectiveness and organizational effectiveness and between strategic‐level effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. However, there is a negative relationship between technical effectiveness and organizational effectiveness and between HRME and OE. It was recommended that management introduce e‐HRM technologies since they have a positive relationship between HRM effectiveness and organizational effectiveness.
Evaluating structural, morphological, and multifractal aspects of n‐ZnO/p‐ZnO homojunctions and n‐ZnO/p‐NiO heterojunctions
Authors: Ghaderi Atefeh , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Ţălu Ştefan , Dejam Laya , Solaymani Shahram , Morozov Ilya A. , Matos Robert S. , Ferreira Nilson S. , Sari Amir H.
Published: March 2023

We have investigated the evolution of the structure and surface morphology of n‐ZnO/p‐ZnO homojunctions and n‐ZnO/p‐NiO heterojunctions transparent structures deposited by radio frequency‐sputtering on quartz (Q)/ITO substrates. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as‐deposited and annealed ZnO, n‐ZnO/p‐NiO/Q/ITO, and n‐ZnO/p‐ZnO/Q/ITO thin films showed that ZnO had a wurtzite hexagonal structure and (002) preferred growth direction. The annealing temperature played a key role in improving the crystalline structure of the films, as evidenced by the changes in the intensity and position of the XRD (002) peak. Morphological analysis revealed that the roughness of the film varies with increasing annealing temperature. Particle size dictates the vertical growth of p‐ZnO homojunctions, while particle shape dictated the p‐NiO heterojunctions growth. Fractal analysis showed that p‐ZnO homojunctions have similar spatial complexity, surface percolation, and topographical uniformity and are dominated by low dominant frequencies. Moreover, a robust multifractal character was observed, where n‐ZnO/p‐ZnO homojunctions follow similar vertical growth dynamics, which differed from the n‐ZnO/p‐NiO heterojunctions growth dynamics. These results prove that annealing temperature plays a key role in the n‐ZnO/p‐ZnO homojunctions and n‐ZnO/p‐NiO heterojunctions structure, surface morphology, and vertical growth dynamics.
Empowering medicine residents to order labs mindfully to improve patient‐centered care
Authors: Rawal Rachna , Adeyemo Oluwasayo , Kunnath Paul , Vartanyan Ara , Saad Hala , Lane Alex , Schuelke Matthew J. , Sue Yujie , Drummond Jessica , Schmidt Jennifer M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Unnecessary laboratory testing of hospitalized patients is prevalent.

Objective

We conducted a study focused on “mindful ordering” to decrease unnecessary laboratory ordering within an Internal Medicine residency program.

Designs, Settings and Participants

We collected survey data on resident/faculty perceptions of laboratory ordering as well as order information from the electronic medical record (EMR).

Intervention

Interventions focused on resident‐identified barriers such as knowledge, EMR, habit and faculty expectations. Interventions were cumulative and included resident/faculty education and EMR optimization.

Main Outcomes and Measures

We assessed basic and complete metabolic panels (BMP, CMP) and complete blood counts with and without differential (CBC w/diff, w/o diff). Primary outcomes included: total labs ordered per week, lab and frequency, and resident perception of ordering practices. Secondary outcomes included: length‐of stay (LOS) and venipuncture utilization.

Results

Survey data demonstrated increased resident perception of both mindful ordering and team discussion. Total labs ordered per week decreased 20% in the first year (1944 to 1500 labs/week). Residents' use of the “one‐time draw” option increased; use of “daily” frequency decreased. Trends showed an increase in BMP relative to CMP, and an increase in CBC w/o diff relative to CBC w/diff. These changes were sustained through 127 weeks. There was an approximately 10% decrease in monthly average of patients undergoing venipuncture each day (86.7% to 74.2%).

The shifts in laboratory ordering in conjunction with increased discussion about labs suggest a sustained change in resident lab ordering behavior. This study shows the impact of focusing interventions on resident‐identified barriers to mindful ordering to create a sustained decrease laboratory orders.
Characterizing lift, drag, and pressure differences across wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans) with computational fluid dynamics to investigate aerodynamics
Authors: Brown Christian E. , Kirk Alexander M.
Published: March 2023

Wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans), known to occupy the crowns of old growth coast redwood trees, have recently been found to decelerate and engage in controlled, nonvertical descent while falling. Closely related, nonarboreal species with seemingly minor morphological differences exhibit far less behavioral control while falling; however, the influence of salamander morphology on aerodynamics remains to be tested. Here, we examine differences in morphology and aerodynamics of two salamander species, A. vagrans and the nonarboreal ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii), using a combination of traditional and contemporary techniques. Specifically, we compare morphometrics statistically, then use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to characterize predicted airflow and pressure over digitally reconstructed models of the salamanders. While similar in body and tail lengths, A. vagrans are more dorsoventrally flattened with longer limbs and greater surface area of the foot relative to body size than the nonarboreal E. eschscholtzii. CFD results show dorsoventral pressure gradients differ between the two digitally reconstructed salamanders resulting in lift coefficients of approximately 0.02 and 0.00, and lift:drag ratios of approximately 0.40 and 0.00 for A. vagrans and E. eschscholtzii, respectively. We conclude that the morphology of A. vagrans is better suited for controlled descent than that of the closely related E. eschscholtzii and highlight the importance of subtle morphological features, such as dorsoventral flatness, foot size, and limb length, for aerial control. That our simulation reports align with real‐world performance data underscores the benefits of CFD for studying the link between morphology and aerodynamics in other taxa.
The gas bladder of Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)
Authors: Icardo José M. , Alesci Alessio , Kuciel Michal , Zuwala Krystyna , Guerrera Maria C. , Zaccone Giacomo
Published: March 2023

This work reports on the structural characteristics of the respiratory gas bladder of the osteoglossiform fish Heterotis niloticus. The bladder‐vertebrae relationships are also analyzed. A slit‐shaped orifice in the mediodorsal pharyngeal wall is surrounded by a muscle sphincter and serves as a glottis‐like opening to the gas bladder. The dorsolateral internal surface of the gas bladder is lined by a parenchyma of highly vascularized trabeculae and septa displaying an alveolar‐like structure. The trabeculae contain, in addition to vessels, numerous eosinophils probably involved in immune responses. The air spaces are endowed with a thin exchange barrier indicating a good potential for respiratory gas exchange. The ventral wall of the gas bladder is a well‐vascularized membrane that exhibits an exchange barrier in the luminal face and an inner structure dominated by the presence of a layer of richly innervated smooth muscle. This is suggestive of an autonomous adjustability of the gas bladder ventral wall. The trunk vertebrae show large transverse processes (parapophyses) and numerous surface openings that lead into intravertebral spaces that become invaded by the bladder parenchyma. Curiously, the caudal vertebrae show a regular teleost morphology with neural and hemal arches, but have similar surface openings and intravertebral pneumatic spaces. The African Arowana hence rivals the freshwater butterfly fish Pantodon in its exceptional role of displaying postcranial skeletal pneumaticity outside of Archosauria. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
ETS2 alleviates acute‐on‐chronic liver failure by suppressing excessive inflammation
Authors: He Lulu , Cai Qun , Liang Xi , Xin Jiaojiao , Shi Dongyan , Ren Keke , Li Yun , Chen Jiaxian , Sun Suwan , Guo Beibei , Yang Hui , Li Bingqi , Ma Shiwen , Luo Jinjin , Hu Meiqian , Li Jiaqi , Hu Wen , Li Peng , Yao Heng , Li Jun , Chen Xin , Jiang Jing , Li Jun
Published: March 2023

Hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) is a syndrome with high short‐term mortality. The mechanism of the transcription factor ETS2 in ACLF remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the molecular basis of ETS2 in ACLF pathogenesis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HBV‐ACLF (n = 50) were subjected to RNA sequencing. Transcriptome analysis showed that ETS2 expression was significantly higher in ACLF patients than in patients with chronic liver diseases and healthy subjects (all p < 0.001). Area‐under‐ROC analysis of ETS2 demonstrated high values for the prediction of 28‐/90‐day mortality in ACLF patients (0.908/0.773). Significantly upregulated signatures of the innate immune response (monocytes/neutrophils/inflammation‐related pathways) were observed in ACLF patients with high ETS2 expression. Myeloid‐specific ETS2 deficiency in liver failure mice resulted in deterioration of biofunctions and increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6/IL‐1β/TNF‐α). Knockout of ETS2 in macrophages confirmed the downregulation of IL‐6 and IL‐1β caused by both HMGB1 and lipopolysaccharide, and an NF‐κB inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of ETS2. ETS2 is a potential prognostic biomarker of ACLF patients that alleviates liver failure by downregulating the HMGB1‐/lipopolysaccharide‐triggered inflammatory response and may serve as a therapeutic target for ACLF.
Enhancement of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and growth by an ACE2‐specific monoclonal antibody
Authors: Luo Guangxiang
Published: March 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and continues to pose a threat to global public health through genetic mutation. In this study, we have found that an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐specific monoclonal antibody at low concentration was able to enhance SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and growth in cell culture. Strikingly, it promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 plaque formation, resulting in accurate titration of different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, particularly the newly emerged Omicron variants, which otherwise cannot be determined by standard plaque assays. Quantification of infectious titers of the newly emerged variants will facilitate the development and evaluation of vaccines and antiviral drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Life cycle and plasmodial axenic culture of Physarum galbeum
Authors: Dai Dan , Sun Peng , Rao Gu , Zhang Fangfang , Wang Yang , Wei Yunhui , Li Yu , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2023

Myxogastrea is a group of eukaryotic microorganisms included in Amoebozoa. Its life cycle includes two trophic stages: plasmodia and myxamoeflagellates. However, only about 102 species have their complete life cycle known in literature and only about 18 species have their plasmodial axenic culture accomplished in laboratory conditions. The research presented herein involved culturing of Physarum galbeum on the water agar medium. The events that transpired during its life cycle including spore germination, plasmodia formation, and sporocarp development were documented especially the subglobose or discoid sporotheca and the stalk formation. The spores germinated by the V‐shape split method to release a single protoplasm. Yellow‐green pigmented phaneroplasmodia developed into sporocarps by subhypothallic type. The present article gives details of the sporocarp development of P. galbeum and its plasmodial axenic culture on solid and liquid mediums.
Gender mismatch and bias in people‐centric operations: Evidence from a randomized field experiment
Authors: Son Yoonseock , Choi Angela Aerry , Wowak Kaitlin D. , Angst Corey M.
Published: March 2023

While considerable progress has been made in understanding gender mismatch and bias in the physical workplace, there is a limited understanding of how these biases manifest in online platforms where gender masking and manipulation can easily occur. In this study, we collaborate with an online product and service firm in Asia and propose a field experiment design to examine how gender bias influences people‐centric operations in online platforms. By assigning different gender combinations of clients and consultants, we examine how the effect of gender bias differs depending on the gender match or mismatch of the entities in the information exchange process. Using 7 months of data, we provide preliminary evidence of gender biases of different client‐consultant gender pairings. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Current practice of gastric residual volume measurements and related outcomes of critically ill patients: A secondary analysis of the intestinal‐specific organ function assessment study
Authors: Lindner Matthias , Padar Martin , Mändul Merli , Christopher Kenneth B. , Reintam Blaser Annika , Gratz Hans‐Christoph , Elke Gunnar , Bachmann Kaspar F.
Published: March 2023

Background

Gastric residual volume (GRV) measurement to detect gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common diagnostic procedures in critical care, albeit still not well standardized being operator‐, patient‐, and tube‐dependent. Our aim was to describe current practice of GRV measurements and its association with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of an international prospective observational cohort study (intestinal‐specific organ function assessment). Eligibility criteria were defined as ≥1 GRV measurement during the 7‐day study period. Data collection included GRV measurement practices, tube diameters and volumes, symptoms of GI dysfunction, and clinical outcomes. The primary aim was to describe current practices of GRV measurements, and the secondary aim was to test the association of high (>200 ml) vs. low GRV with symptoms of GI dysfunction and clinical outcomes using generalized linear regression and survival models.

Results

Two hundred fifty‐eight patients with 2422 GRV measurements on 875 study days were analyzed. GRV was mainly measured via passive drainage twice daily using large diameter tubes. There was no significant association between tube size or measurement technique and high GRV. High GRV occurred in 34% of patients and was associated with other GI symptoms and with increased disease severity but not with 28‐day or 90‐day mortality, intensive care unit‐free and ventilator‐free days.

Conclusion

There was substantial variability of GRV measurement techniques, but this had no impact on the amount of GRV. High GRV was not associated with mortality or ventilator‐free days but may serve as a marker of GI dysfunction and disease severity.