bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-classical origin of the extreme magnetoresistance in PtSn4
Authors: Diaz J. , Wang K. , Straquadine J. , Putzke C. , Yang Qun , Yan Binghai , Bud’ko S. L. , Canfield P. C. , Moll P. J. W.
Published: May 2024

The so-called “extreme magnetoresistance” (XMR) found in few conductors poses interesting conceptual challenges which address needs in technology. In contrast to the more common XMR in semi-metals, PtSn4 stands out as a rare example of a high carrier density multi-band metal exhibiting XMR, sparking an active debate about its microscopic origin. Here we report a sharp sensitivity of its XMR upon the field angle, with an almost complete collapse only for one specific current and field direction (B//b, I//a). Corroborated by band-structure calculations, we identify a singular open orbit on one of its Fermi surface sheets as the origin of this collapse. This remarkably switchable XMR resolves the puzzle in PtSn4 as a semi-classical effect of an ultra-pure, compensated carrier metal. It further showcases the importance of Ockham’s razor in uncommon magnetotransport phenomena and demonstrates the remarkable physical properties conventional metals can exhibit given they are superbly clean.
Active ballistic orbital transport in Ni/Pt heterostructure
Authors: Mishra Sobhan Subhra , Lourembam James , Lin Dennis Jing Xiong , Singh Ranjan
Published: May 2024

Orbital current, defined as the orbital character of Bloch states in solids, can travel with larger coherence length through a broader range of materials than its spin counterpart, facilitating a robust, higher density and energy efficient information transmission. Hence, active control of orbital transport plays a pivotal role in the progress of the evolving field of quantum information technology. Unlike spin angular momentum, orbital angular momentum couples to phonon angular momentum efficiently via orbital-crystal momentum (L-k) coupling, allowing us to control orbital transport through crystal field potential mediated angular momentum transfer. Here, leveraging the orbital dependant efficient L-k coupling, we have experimentally demonstrated the active control of orbital current velocity in Ni/Pt heterostructure. We observe terahertz emission from Ni/Pt heterostructure via long-range ballistic orbital transport, as evidenced by the delay, and chirping in the emitted THz pulse correlating with increased Pt thickness. Additionally, we also have identified a critical energy density required to overcome collisions in orbital transport, enabling a swifter flow of orbital current. Femtosecond light driven active control of the ballistic orbital transport lays the foundation for the development of dynamic optorbitronics for transmitting information over extended distance.
Acute depletion of BRG1 reveals its primary function as an activator of transcription
Authors: Ren Gang , Ku Wai Lim , Ge Guangzhe , Hoffman Jackson A. , Kang Jee Youn , Tang Qingsong , Cui Kairong , He Yong , Guan Yukun , Gao Bin , Liu Chengyu , Archer Trevor K. , Zhao Keji
Published: May 2024

The mammalian SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes play critical roles during animal development and pathological conditions. Previous gene deletion studies and characterization of human gene mutations implicate that the complexes both repress and activate a large number of genes. However, the direct function of the complexes in cells remains largely unclear due to the relatively long-term nature of gene deletion or natural mutation. Here we generate a mouse line by knocking in the auxin-inducible degron tag (AID) to the Smarca4 gene, which encodes BRG1, the essential ATPase subunit of the BAF complexes. We show that the tagged BRG1 can be efficiently depleted by osTIR1 expression and auxin treatment for 6 to 10 h in CD4 + T cells, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts isolated from the knock-in mice. The acute depletion of BRG1 leads to decreases in nascent RNAs and RNA polymerase II binding at a large number of genes, which are positively correlated with the loss of BRG1. Further, these changes are correlated with diminished accessibility at DNase I Hypersensitive Sites (DHSs) and p300 binding. The acute BRG1 depletion results in three major patterns of nucleosome shifts leading to narrower nucleosome spacing surrounding transcription factor motifs and at enhancers and transcription start sites (TSSs), which are correlated with loss of BRG1, decreased chromatin accessibility and decreased nascent RNAs. Acute depletion of BRG1 severely compromises the Trichostatin A (TSA) -induced histone acetylation, suggesting a substantial interplay between the chromatin remodeling activity of BRG1 and histone acetylation. Our data suggest BRG1 mainly plays a direct positive role in chromatin accessibility, RNAPII binding, and nascent RNA production by regulating nucleosome positioning and facilitating transcription factor binding to their target sites.
Small molecule induced STING degradation facilitated by the HECT ligase HERC4
Authors: Mutlu Merve , Schmidt Isabel , Morrison Andrew I. , Goretzki Benedikt , Freuler Felix , Begue Damien , Simic Oliver , Pythoud Nicolas , Ahrne Erik , Kapps Sandra , Roest Susan , Bonenfant Debora , Jeanpierre Delphine , Tran Thi-Thanh-Thao , Maher Rob , An Shaojian , Rietsch Amandine , Nigsch Florian , Hofmann Andreas , Reece-Hoyes John , Parker Christian N. , Guerini Danilo
Published: May 2024

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a central component of the cytosolic nucleic acids sensing pathway and as such master regulator of the type I interferon response. Due to its critical role in physiology and its’ involvement in a variety of diseases, STING has been a focus for drug discovery. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a promising pharmacology for targeting previously considered undruggable proteins by hijacking the cellular ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) with small molecules. Here, we identify AK59 as a STING degrader leveraging HERC4, a HECT-domain E3 ligase. Additionally, our data reveals that AK59 is effective on the common pathological STING mutations, suggesting a potential clinical application of this mechanism. Thus, these findings introduce HERC4 to the fields of TPD and of compound-induced degradation of STING, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
Supramolecular metallic foams with ultrahigh specific strength and sustainable recyclability
Authors: Yang Xin , Huang Xin , Qiu Xiaoyan , Guo Quanquan , Zhang Xinxing
Published: May 2024

Porous materials with ultrahigh specific strength are highly desirable for aerospace, automotive and construction applications. However, because of the harsh processing of metal foams and intrinsic low strength of polymer foams, both are difficult to meet the demand for scalable development of structural foams. Herein, we present a supramolecular metallic foam (SMF) enabled by core-shell nanostructured liquid metals connected with high-density metal-ligand coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions, which maintain fluid to avoid stress concentration during foam processing at subzero temperatures. The resulted SMFs exhibit ultrahigh specific strength of 489.68 kN m kg−1 (about 5 times and 56 times higher than aluminum foams and polyurethane foams) and specific modulus of 281.23 kN m kg−1 to withstand the repeated loading of a car, overturning the previous understanding of the difficulty to achieve ultrahigh mechanical properties in traditional polymeric or organic foams. More importantly, end-of-life SMFs can be reprocessed into value-added products (e.g., fibers and films) by facile water reprocessing due to the high-density interfacial supramolecular bonding. We envisage this work will not only pave the way for porous structural materials design but also show the sustainable solution to plastic environmental risks.
ChineseEEG: A Chinese Linguistic Corpora EEG Dataset for Semantic Alignment and Neural Decoding
Authors: Mou Xinyu , He Cuilin , Tan Liwei , Yu Junjie , Liang Huadong , Zhang Jianyu , Tian Yan , Yang Yu-Fang , Xu Ting , Wang Qing , Cao Miao , Chen Zijiao , Hu Chuan-Peng , Wang Xindi , Liu Quanying , Wu Haiyan
Published: May 2024

An Electroencephalography (EEG) dataset utilizing rich text stimuli can advance the understanding of how the brain encodes semantic information and contribute to semantic decoding in brain-computer interface (BCI). Addressing the scarcity of EEG datasets featuring Chinese linguistic stimuli, we present the ChineseEEG dataset, a high-density EEG dataset complemented by simultaneous eye-tracking recordings. This dataset was compiled while 10 participants silently read approximately 13 hours of Chinese text from two well-known novels. This dataset provides long-duration EEG recordings, along with pre-processed EEG sensor-level data and semantic embeddings of reading materials extracted by a pre-trained natural language processing (NLP) model. As a pilot EEG dataset derived from natural Chinese linguistic stimuli, ChineseEEG can significantly support research across neuroscience, NLP, and linguistics. It establishes a benchmark dataset for Chinese semantic decoding, aids in the development of BCIs, and facilitates the exploration of alignment between large language models and human cognitive processes. It can also aid research into the brain’s mechanisms of language processing within the context of the Chinese natural language.
Reduction of hemagglutination induced by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fragment using an amyloid-binding benzothiazole amphiphile
Authors: Li Meihan , Castro Lingl Sascha , Yang Jerry
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 infection is associated with a variety of vascular occlusive morbidities. However, a comprehensive understanding of how this virus can induce vascular complications remains lacking. Here, we show that a peptide fragment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, S192 (sequence 192-211), is capable of forming amyloid-like aggregates that can induce agglutination of red blood cells, which was not observed with low- and non-aggregated S192 peptide. We subsequently screened eight amyloid-binding molecules and identified BAM1-EG6, a benzothiazole amphiphile, as a promising candidate capable of binding to aggregated S192 and partially inhibiting its agglutination activity. These results provide new insight into a potential molecular mechanism for the capability of spike protein metabolites to contribute to COVID-19-related blood complications and suggest a new therapeutic approach for combating microvascular morbidities in COVID-19 patients.
MGMT inhibition regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma
Authors: Yun Hong Shik , Kramp Tamalee R. , Palanichamy Kamalakannan , Tofilon Philip J. , Camphausen Kevin
Published: May 2024

Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but the overall survival rate for radiotherapy treated GBM patients is poor. The use of adjuvant and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) improves the outcome; however, the effectiveness of this treatment varies according to MGMT levels. Herein, we evaluated whether MGMT expression affected the radioresponse of human GBM, GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), and melanoma. Our results indicated a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT expression. MGMT-producing cell lines ACPK1, GBMJ1, A375, and MM415 displayed enhanced radiosensitivity when MGMT was silenced using siRNA or when inhibited by lomeguatrib, whereas the OSU61, NSC11, WM852, and WM266-4 cell lines, which do not normally produce MGMT, displayed reduced radiosensitivity when MGMT was overexpressed. Mechanistically lomeguatrib prolonged radiation-induced γH2AX retention in MGMT-producing cells without specific cell cycle changes, suggesting that lomeguatrib-induced radiosensitization in these cells is due to radiation-induced DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair inhibition. The DNA-DSB repair inhibition resulted in cell death via mitotic catastrophe in MGMT-producing cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that MGMT expression regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma, implying a role for MGMT as a target for radiosensitization.
An accurate semantic segmentation model for bean seedlings and weeds identification based on improved ERFnet
Authors: Gao Haozhang , Qi Mingyang , Du Baoxia , Yang Shuang , Li Han , Wang Tete , Zhong Wenyu , Tang You
Published: May 2024

In agricultural production activities, the growth of crops always accompanies the competition of weeds for nutrients and sunlight. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of weeds on yield, we apply semantic segmentation techniques to differentiate between seedlings and weeds, leading to precision weeding. The proposed EPAnet employs a loss function coupled with Cross-entropy loss and Dice loss to enhance attention to feature information. A multi-Decoder cooperative module based on ERFnet is designed to enhance information transfer during feature mapping. The SimAM is introduced to enhance position recognition. DO-CONV is used to replace the traditional convolution Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) connection layer to integrate feature information, improving the model’s performance on leaf edge processing, and is named FDPN. Moreover, the Overall Accuracy has been improved by 0.65%, the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) by 1.91%, and the Frequency-Weighted Intersection over Union (FWIoU) by 1.19%. Compared to other advanced methods, EPAnet demonstrates superior image segmentation results in complex natural environments with uneven lighting, leaf interference, and shadows.
Enhancing image security via chaotic maps, Fibonacci, Tribonacci transformations, and DWT diffusion: a robust data encryption approach
Authors: Hazzazi Mohammad Mazyad , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Shafique Arslan , Aljaedi Amer , Bassfar Zaid , Usman Aminu Bello
Published: May 2024

In recent years, numerous image encryption schemes have been developed that demonstrate different levels of effectiveness in terms of robust security and real-time applications. While a few of them outperform in terms of robust security, others perform well for real-time applications where less processing time is required. Balancing these two aspects poses a challenge, aiming to achieve efficient encryption without compromising security. To address this challenge, the proposed research presents a robust data security approach for encrypting grayscale images, comprising five key phases. The first and second phases of the proposed encryption framework are dedicated to the generation of secret keys and the confusion stage, respectively. While the level-1, level-2, and level-2 diffusions are performed in phases 3, 4, and 5, respectively, The proposed approach begins with secret key generation using chaotic maps for the initial pixel scrambling in the plaintext image, followed by employing the Fibonacci Transformation (FT) for an additional layer of pixel shuffling. To enhance security, Tribonacci Transformation (TT) creates level-1 diffusion in the permuted image. Level-2 diffusion is introduced to further strengthen the diffusion within the plaintext image, which is achieved by decomposing the diffused image into eight-bit planes and implementing XOR operations with corresponding bit planes that are extracted from the key image. After that, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is employed to develop secondary keys. The DWT frequency sub-band (high-frequency sub-band) is substituted using the substitution box process. This creates further diffusion (level 3 diffusion) to make it difficult for an attacker to recover the plaintext image from an encrypted image. Several statistical tests, including mean square error analysis, histogram variance analysis, entropy assessment, peak signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, correlation analysis, key space evaluation, and key sensitivity analysis, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work. The proposed encryption framework achieves significant statistical values, with entropy, correlation, energy, and histogram variance values standing at 7.999, 0.0001, 0.0156, and 6458, respectively. These results contribute to its robustness against cyberattacks. Moreover, the processing time of the proposed encryption framework is less than one second, which makes it more suitable for real-world applications. A detailed comparative analysis with the existing methods based on chaos, DWT, Tribonacci transformation (TT), and Fibonacci transformation (FT) reveals that the proposed encryption scheme outperforms the existing ones.
Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated lncRNA prognostic signature and the tumor-suppressive role of RP11-295G20.2 knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Liying , Zhou Shuang , Hong Wencong , Lin Na , Wang Qingshui , Liang Pingping
Published: May 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is commonly induced by accumulating misfolded or unfolded proteins in tumor microenvironment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in ERS response and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. However, the role of ERS-related lncRNAs in LUAD remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify ERS-associated lncRNAs with prognostic value in LUAD and characterize their clinical implications. Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses identified nine ERS-related lncRNAs with independent prognostic abilities, including five protective factors (CROCCP2, KIAA0125, LINC0996, RPARP-AS1 and TBX5-AS1) and four risk factors (LINC0857, LINC116, RP11-21L23.2 and RP11-295G20.2). We developed an ERS-related lncRNA risk prediction model in predicting overall survival of LUAD patients, which classified TCGA cohorts into high-risk (HS) and low-risk (LS) groups. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses revealed HS patients featured with late-stage tumors, greater mutation burdens, weaker anti-tumor immunity/responses, and lower sensitivity to targeted drugs compared to LS patients, contributing to tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis implicated these ERS-related lncRNAs in cell migration, cell death, and immunity. Furthermore, expression of the most significantly upregulated risk lncRNA, RP11-295G20.2, was validated at the mRNA level using clinical LUAD samples. Knockdown of RP11-295G20.2 obviously reduced ERS and suppressed proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells. This novel ERS-related lncRNA signature provides a new biomarker for prognostic prediction, and ERS-associated RP11-295G20.2 serves as a potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
Unveiling gene regulatory networks during cellular state transitions without linkage across time points
Authors: Wan Ruosi , Zhang Yuhao , Peng Yongli , Tian Feng , Gao Ge , Tang Fuchou , Jia Jinzhu , Ge Hao
Published: May 2024

Time-stamped cross-sectional data, which lack linkage across time points, are commonly generated in single-cell transcriptional profiling. Many previous methods for inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) driving cell-state transitions relied on constructing single-cell temporal ordering. Introducing COSLIR (COvariance restricted Sparse LInear Regression), we presented a direct approach to reconstructing GRNs that govern cell-state transitions, utilizing only the first and second moments of samples between two consecutive time points. Simulations validated COSLIR’s perfect accuracy in the oracle case and demonstrated its robust performance in real-world scenarios. When applied to single-cell RT-PCR and RNAseq datasets in developmental biology, COSLIR competed favorably with existing methods. Notably, its running time remained nearly independent of the number of cells. Therefore, COSLIR emerges as a promising addition to GRN reconstruction methods under cell-state transitions, bypassing the single-cell temporal ordering to enhance accuracy and efficiency in single-cell transcriptional profiling.
Seismic performance evaluation of precast post-tensioned high-performance concrete frame beam-column joint under cyclic loading
Authors: Pang Xuefei , Li Yangchun
Published: May 2024

Precast concrete structures have developed rapidly because they meet the requirements of green and low-carbon social development. In this paper, a precast post-tensioned high-performance concrete frame beam-column joint was proposed, and the low-cycle reversed load test was performed on the four proposed joints. The main differences between the four joints are the different prestress values applied by the joints and whether the beam-column joint is provided with L-shaped steel. The seismic performance indexes such as hysteresis curve, stiffness degradation, deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and residual deformation of each node were obtained through experiments. By comparing various seismic performance indicators, it could be found that the use of high-performance concrete could effectively avoid the phenomenon of local crushing of concrete due to excessive prestressing. At the same time, it was found that the setting of L-shaped steel plate at the beam-column junction could effectively avoid the early damage at the beam-column junction. On the basis of the test, the three-line restoring force model of the joint was established by the method of experimental regression analysis. The model could better reflect the stress situation of each stage of the joint. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, the finite element analysis model of the joint was established, and the model calculation results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
The mediating role of synovitis in meniscus pathology and knee osteoarthritis radiographic progression
Authors: Deng Hui , Chen Zhijun , Kang Jiawei , Liu Jun , Chen Shenliang , Li Mingzhang , Tao Jun
Published: May 2024

Meniscus pathologies (damage, extrusion) and synovitis are associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, whether synovitis mediates the relationship between meniscus pathologies and KOA radiographic progression remains unclear. We conducted an observational study in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort, with a 48-month follow-up. Meniscus pathology and synovitis were measured by MRI osteoarthritis knee score (MOAKS) at baseline and 24 months, and a comprehensive synovitis score was calculated using effusion and Hoffa synovitis scores. The knee osteoarthritis radiographic progression was considered that Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and joint space narrowing (JSN) grade at 48 months were increased compared to those at baseline. This study included a total of 589 participants, with KL grades mainly being KL1 (26.5%), KL2 (34.1%), and KL3 (30.2%) at baseline, while JSN grades were mostly 0 at baseline. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between meniscus pathology, synovitis, and KOA progression. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effect of synovitis. The average age of the participants was 61 years old, 62% of which were female. The medial meniscus extrusion was longitudinally correlated with the progression of KL (odds ratio [OR]: 2.271, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.412–3.694) and medial JSN (OR: 3.211, 95% CI: 2.040–5.054). Additionally, the longitudinal correlation between medial meniscus damage and progression of KOA (OR: 1.853, 95% CI: 1.177–2.941) and medial JSN (OR: 1.655, 95% CI: 1.053–2.602) was significant. Synovitis was found to mediate the relationship between medial meniscus extrusion and KL and medial JSN progression at baseline (β: 0.029, 95% CI: 0.010–0.053; β: 0.022, 95% CI: 0.005–0.046) and beyond 24 months (β: 0.039, 95% CI: 0.016–0.068; β: 0.047, 95% CI: 0.020–0.078). However, we did not find evidence of synovitis mediating the relationship between meniscal damage and KOA progression. Synovitis mediates the relationship between medial meniscus extrusion (rather than meniscus damage) and KOA progression.
Catalysing cooperation: the power of collective beliefs in structured populations
Authors: Fic Małgorzata , Gokhale Chaitanya S.
Published: May 2024

Collective beliefs can catalyse cooperation in a population of selfish individuals. We study this transformative power of collective beliefs, an effect that intriguingly persists even when beliefs lack moralising components. Besides the process itself, we consider the structure of human populations explicitly. We incorporate the intricate structure of human populations into our model, acknowledging the bias brought by social and cultural identities in interaction networks. Hence, we develop our model by assuming a heterogeneous group size and structured population. We recognise that beliefs, typically complex story systems, might not spontaneously emerge in society, resulting in different spreading rates for actions and beliefs within populations. As the degree of connectedness can vary among individuals perpetuating a belief, we examine the speed of trust build-up in networks with different connection densities. We then scrutinise the timing, speed and dynamics of trust and belief spread across specific network structures, including random Erdös-Rényi networks, scale-free Barabási-Albert networks, and small-world Newman-Watts-Strogatz networks. By comparing these characteristics across various network topologies, we disentangle the effects of structure, group size diversity, and evolutionary dynamics on the evolution of trust and belief.
Visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical sensor based on conjugated microporous polymer-grafted graphene for o-aminophenol detection
Authors: Qin Qiu jing , Xiang Gang , Xu Jiangfen , Li Wenzhuo , Huang Qinying , Liu Fengping , Zhang Cuizhong , Zhang Zhengfa , Huang Wei , Peng Jinyun
Published: May 2024

The pollutant o-aminophenol (o-AP) presents considerable risk to environmental safety, and its detection is therefore critical.
Hydrolysis of amide bonds in dipeptides and nylon 6 over a ZrO2 catalyst
Authors: Tomita Satoshi , Yabushita Mizuho , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: May 2024

The amphoteric ZrO2 surface catalyzed the hydrolysis of various amide compounds: dipeptides into amino acids; small organic amides into the equimolar amount of carboxylic acids and amines; and nylon 6 into ε-caprolactam and ε-aminocaproic acid.
Exploring novel Cd(ii) complexes with 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde: synthesis, structure, computational insights, and affinity to DNA through switchSense methodology
Authors: Kowalik Mateusz , Nowicka Paulina , Brzeski Jakub , Żukowska Natalia , Masternak Joanna , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Makowski Mariusz
Published: May 2024

The study of four Cd(ii) complexes with 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde and different anions (Cl−, Br−, I− and PF6−) using experimental and computational methods including interaction with DNA using the switchSense technique was carried out.
Recent advances in Zr and Hf-based MXenes and their hetero-structure as novel anode materials for Ca-ion batteries: theoretical insights from DFT approach
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Piya Afiya Akter , Daula Shamim Siraj Ud
Published: May 2024

Charging and discharging process of calcium ion storage battery.
Sprayable adhesive glycopolymer hydrogels with rapid in-situ gelation
Authors: Wang Xianjun , Abernathy Hannah G. , Kemp Lisa K. , Morgan Sarah E.
Published: May 2024

Using green chemistry principles to design a sprayable, shear-thinning hydrogel with rapid in situ gelation opens new opportunities for biomedical applications.
Study on the surface charge transfer mechanism induced by dual-electric field mutual inductance
Authors: Bao Changcheng , He Min , Li Jianping , Hu Yili , Wang Yingting , Ma Jijie , Wen Jianming
Published: May 2024

A theoretical model based on the mutual inductive action of dual-electric fields has been proposed to help increase the power generation of TENGs.
Review on NSM-CFRP Method for Enhancing Shear Capacity in Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Faney J. , Hema Priya M.
Published: May 2024

The demand for improved strengthening techniques for current concrete structures is on the rise. Many structures that will still be in use two decades from now have already been constructed. A portion of these structures must undergo enhancements or be replaced, as they are deteriorating not only from natural processes but also from mistakes made during their design and construction. Near-surface mounted (NSM) utilizing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars has proven to be a successful method in enhancing the flexural and shear performance of both existing and new Reinforced Concrete (RC) elements. This technique is considered innovative and rapidly developing, attracting significant attention from researchers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze previous and current research on the shear strengthening of RC deep beams using NSM-CFRP bars. The research findings were gathered from four prominent databases: ASCE, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Science Direct. A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing specifically on NSM-CFRP for shear strengthening. A total of 56 articles were categorized into three main groups. Group 1 consisted of studies examining the use of NSM for shear strengthening, while Group 2 focused on articles related to the structural behavior of RC members in shear. Group 3 included articles discussing the theoretical aspects of NSM-FRP in enhancing shear strength, aiming to develop a new method for calculating shear effects provided by NSM-FRP. In conclusion, this study highlights three fundamental aspects of this field: (1) the rationale behind utilizing NSM-FRP bars for shear reinforcement and their practical applications, (2) existing challenges and barriers to widespread adoption, and (3) recommendations for enhancing the acceptance and utilization of NSM-FRP bars.
Effect of mineral admixtures on the performance of self-compacting geopolymer concrete
Authors: Mukilan K. , Ilayarsi R. , Kishore Kumar S. , Abhinayan M. , Sathyanarayanan C. , Vilwanathan K.
Published: May 2024

Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) emerges as a groundbreaking construction material in the domain of concrete technology. This method integrates supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), alkaline solutions like sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and a superplasticizer to form a binder for matrix development and strength enhancement, thereby eliminating the need for compaction.In the present study, fly ash-based Self- Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) was substituted with varying proportions of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). Concrete specimens were subjected to curing under both oven and ambient conditions to assess their performance.The investigation unveiled that incorporating GGBS into fly ash-based SCGC resulted in reduced workability alongside improved strength with increasing binder content. Notably, SCGC samples cured at 70°C for 24 hours with a 50% replacement of GGBS emerged as the optimal proportion, meeting the required workability standards. However, surpassing this threshold led to a further enhancement in mechanical properties albeit at the expense of reduced workability.
A Novel Perspective in Construction: Analysing the Effects of 3-D Printing Innovation
Authors: B Swathi , D Ramesh Kumar , Anuradha R. , Nagpal Amandeep , Parashar Ashish Kumar , Al-Attabi Kassem , Praveen
Published: May 2024

The sector of production has witnessed a transformative shift with the combination of 3-D printing technologies, providing novel strategies to design, production, and constructing practices. This investigation explores three primary 3D printing techniques: Extrusion-type techniques, Powder Bonding, and Spray Methodologies, each contributing uniquely to the sustainable development of the construction industry. We delve into the usage of revolutionary materials, including gelatin-based composites and geopolymers, and verify their effect on performance, sustainability, and structural integrity. The research underscores the importance of each approach's technique to diminishing material waste, improving durability, and facilitating complex architectural designs. Although by analysing latest improvements and experimental findings, the study gives insights into the evolving perspectives of construction methodologies, highlighting the potential for advanced environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and architectural flexibility.Construction industry, 3D printing, extrusion, spray, powder bonding, environmentally friendly.
Use of silica fume as a replacement of cement in the concrete
Authors: Reddy Uma , P Swaminathan , Reddy Ch. Vijendar , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Muhsen Muntadar , Khan Irfan
Published: May 2024

Over the past 30 years, significant advancements have been made in enhancing the capabilities of concrete as a construction material, with a focus on high-strength concrete applications using Silica Fume (SF). Global interest in SF as a pozzolanic admixture has surged owing to its ability to enhance concrete properties when used at specific percentages. This study examined the effect of addition of SF in concrete mixes. The performance of concrete in corrosive environment is most important and it can be enhanced by the addition of SF. For strength and longevity, hight strength concrete is required. In this study, concrete was prepared with varying proportions of silica fume (5, 10, and 15% by aggregate volume). The specimens were tested to evaluate their strength. The cubes and beams were casted, cured and tested on universal testing machine. The findings showed that both the compressive and flexural strengths were improved by the addition of silica fume. The mechanical and durability properties of concrete are significantly enhanced by the incorporation of silica fume. The findings of this study are helpful for construction industry in the use of silica fume as an economical choice for the enhancement of strength.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete using Alccofine and Glass Powder
Authors: Kumar A. Suresh , Kumar S. Pream , Arunkumar K. , Sankar K. Vijay , Ganesh A. Chithambar , Prasanna N. , Kumar M. Anish
Published: May 2024

The CO2 emissions from cement have had significant negative consequences on the environment, necessitating the substitution of cement in the production of concrete. This research tends to cover the mechanical characteristics and microstructural studies of concrete formed by replacing some of the cement with Alccofine (AL) by percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% and some of fine aggregate with Glass Powder (GP) by percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% in the concrete of the M40 grade. A pozzolanic substance called alccofine and high silica content material called glass powder was extensively utilized in the building industry. When the mechanical properties of concrete were tested at various time periods, the optimal partial cement and fine aggregate substitution was determined to be 20% Alccofine and 50% of Glass Powder. When compared to conventional concrete of the same ratio, the compressive strength of the concrete has been enhanced at 20 percent replacement of AL and 50 percent replacement of GP. Moreover, concrete was subjected to a microstructural examination to observe the hydration process at various time intervals, and the results clearly demonstrated how pores and C-S-H (calcium-silicate hydrate) gel are created in both early ages and later ages. According to the study's findings, cement may be replaced in part without impairing its properties and can help lessen the impact of CO2 on the environment.
Investigation on Flexural Performance of Concrete Beam with Replaced of Cement using WGP
Authors: M Suganthi , Kumar C Dhanush , B Bharath , C T Sivakumar
Published: May 2024

The Glass is a clear substance made by tender a combination of ingredients, including silica, lacking causing representation. The Glass is a material that is utilized extensively in day life in industrialpropertieslike space tubing, glassware, sheet glass, andbottles. The quantity of glass garbage has been steadily rising in recent years, with the majority of it ending up in landfills. Glass waste should not be land filled because it is not biodegradable. Therefore, leftover glass can be incorporated into concrete to create an affordable and environmentally sustainable building. Cement, aggregates, admixtures and waterare the ingredients of concrete. Using a variety of waste resources, including GGBS, silica fume, and PFA, numerous studies are currently being conducted on the usage of substitutes for Portland cement. Similar to PFA and GGBS, WGP is also employed as a filler material and a partial substitute for cement, which undergoes some reaction during hydration.In this investigation, the automatic qualities such as flexural strength, compressive andsplit tensile strengthdetermination be tested using waste GP in place of cement, the material used in concrete. In order to assess the impact of adding GP at different percentages to the concrete mix (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), GP with a particle size of 75 microns was employed.
Guar Gum, Gellan Gum Biopolymer Soil Stabilization
Authors: Usha S Devika , S Anusha , P R Harikrishna , Dev Madhu Adhul , Ann Zachariah Mita
Published: May 2024

In civil engineering and construction, soil stabilization is an important aspect. There are diverse conventional techniques to improve soilproperties and for soil stabilization. This study explores the viability of twotypes of biopolymers, Guar gum and Gellan gum, as sustainable and ecofriendly additives for clayey soil stabilization. Compaction, unconfined compression test, permeability, consistency limit, consolidation tests were performed in the study. The sample for the test has been prepared that biopolymer has been mixed with soil in different proportions. These biopolymers forms hydrogels when they get activated, and it enhances the bonding between soil particles thereby increasing the strength. Treating soilwith biopolymer increases dry unit weight and decreases optimum moisturecontent (OMC).Addition of gum solution reduces friction between soil particles, leading to marginal increase in dry unit weight. Higher the biopolymer content lower is the OMC content and soil become more stiff. The compressive strength and load bearing capacity isfound increasing soilbiopolymerspecimen upon different days of curing. For every tested percentage of treatment the percentage reduction factor rises withbiopolymer concentration due to drop in void ratio that results in a drop in the soil's permeability. Guar Gum and Gellan Gum are used as stabilizers in soil treatment, increasing liquid and plastic limits, shrinkage limit, and viscosity. They activate hydrogels, strengthen bonding activity, and increaseshrinkage limit. The addition of Guar Gum and Gellan Gum improves soil biopolymer mix viscosity and adhesion. The findings of this study positivelyimply that adding this material to weak soil would improve the soil’s characteristics.
Examining the Combination of a Parabolic Solar
Collector with Phase Change Material (PCM) in
Solar Distillation
Authors: D Mohanraj , P Vijayakumar , V Kiruthiga , Jadhavd Dhaval , Krishna I Mohana , S Nanthakumar
Published: May 2024

An Experimental investigation had been executed in a solar distill unified with parabolic collector using PCM. This experiment had been compared with PCM less experimental setup. PCM and Parabolic solar collector are things embedded with the base system to increase the overall outcome. Used paraffin wax as PCM (Phase Change Material) was one of the most cost-effective approaches to store heat energy. The solar ray’s incidence had been harvested by using the solar distill in which the water passed by the water tubes. This base solar still consist of double slope and the water tube filled with PCM. These experiments were done at the water depth of 15 mm. In these experiments produce the results indicated that a solar distillation system with a Parabolic Solar Collector coupled with PCM yielded higher productivity and temperature levels compared to not utilizing PCM, and these experiments demonstrated that the introduction of PCM in DSSD with Parabolic solar collector with or without it PCM resulted the improvements of the productivity of 33.25% and 57.31% respectively.
Leveraging Waste-to-Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Shekhar , Mallikarjuna Reddy V. , Raj R Gowtham , Nijhawan Ginni , Kumar Yadav Dinesh , Raed Rawya , Kumar Tyagi Lalit
Published: May 2024

The challenging situations of growing energy consumption, waste collection and destruction of the surroundings had been made greater apparent by means of the explosive rise of the global population and commercial interest. Modern techniques based on the 5R principle (Recycle, Reduce, Reuse, Recover, and Repaired) are critical to efficaciously addressing these problems. One promising way to turn non-recyclable waste into beneficial power assets is waste-to-power (WtE) the conversion method. This work presents a comprehensive evaluation of various WtE technologies, consisting of pyrolysis, gasoline production, anaerobic digestion, and combustion, highlighting their ability to reduce waste associated troubles. Furthermore, as supplementary techniques for sustainable waste control methods, it seems at the combination of progressed waste control (IWM), higher landfill mining, and sustainable substances control (SSM). The impact on the environment of waste-to-power changes are evaluated through a radical evaluation of current research and technology advancements, emphasizing decreases in landfill utilization, GHG emissions, and the promoting of renewable energy resources. The consequences highlight the essential role that WtE generation performs in accomplishing power efficiency improvements, cleaner production, and the development of the round financial structure. Ultimately, the article makes suggestions for future studies initiatives and coverage recommendations intended to optimize the economic and environmental gains from WtE deployments.
From Flames to Fuels: A Review of Combustion in Energy Generation
Authors: Krishna M. Hari , Manjunatha  , Singh Navdeep , M Abraham Shiney , Dhamija Koushal , Hamza Laeth H.J. , Kalra Ravi
Published: May 2024

This review paper delves into the nuanced world of combustion in energy generation, exploring the different kinds and their respective influences and utilization. It spans from complete type to explosive combustion, each imparting specific features, environmental implications, and technological advancements. Complete-type combustion, renowned for its cleanliness, contrasts sharply with the hazardous incomplete combustion. Whereas, rapid combustion is extremely good for enhancing engine performance, and spontaneous combustion is marked by its natural incidence without outside triggers. Explosive combustion, prominent by its rapid response rates, underscores the complexity and risks inherent in certain combustion techniques. The paper similarly investigates catalysts, fuel enhancements, and technological innovations aimed toward optimizing combustion performance and reducing environmental detriments. This complete review presents a deep dive into the combustion mechanisms, their utilization, and the ongoing research aimed at mitigating their environmental affects while enhancing efficiency in energy generation systems.
Effect of different vegetation roots on mechanical properties of soil stabilization on slope
Authors: Paul Surovi , Swetha G. , Kaliyaperumal Gopal , Singh Navdeep , Khan Irfan , Raed Rawya , Kumar Tyagi Lalit
Published: May 2024

Soil bioengineering is concerned with the soil stabilisation with the reinforcing agent such as plant roots. This approach is extensively popular in developing countries. Most of the study conducted on soil bioengineering is carried out by ecological researchers, whereas there have been few geotechnical research studies in India that focus on using plant roots for reinforcing purposes. This research aims to investigate the changes in soil strength caused by landslides. The soil will be stabilised using plant roots from regionally common plants in the study region. The lemon roots were collected and planted in the soil, and the alterations in geotechnical properties were investigated. The reinforcing process can result in an increase in the values of MDD, UCS, SS, and OMC due to the improved compaction of soil particles. It was found that as the percentage of plant root added to the soil increases, the MDD, UCS, SS, and OMC also increases until 1% of plant root was added by weight. After that point, these properties decreases. Hence, the most favourable proportion for soil stabilisation is 1% of plant root by weight to the soil. Thus the presence of plant roots in the soil matrix enhanced the soil's stability. Therefore, the plant roots that were examined can serve as cost-effective materials for enhancing
slope stability,” particularly in places that are susceptible to landslides.
Improving the Quality of the Air and Implementing into Effective Pollution Mitigation Methods
Authors: Reddy V. Venkat , Rajalakshmi B. , Nair Karthika S. , Thethi H. Pal , Chauhan Shilpi , Abbas Haider M. , Kumar Ashwani
Published: May 2024

This review paper explores the impact of air pollution on human health, focusing on indoor and outdoor air quality. It highlights the importance of pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, which contribute to diseases like lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues. The paper also examines sources and types of air pollutants, including industrial activities, transportation, and natural events. It presents a comparative analysis of air quality issues across different regions, highlighting the complexities and severity of pollution. The paper examines pollution control technologies for industry and transport, innovative approaches like hydrogen fuel utilization and intelligent transportation systems. It also discusses the influence of regulatory standards on indoor environmental quality and the challenges posed by regional differences. The paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on air quality management and encourages the development of more robust pollution control measures.
Investigation of Solar Powered Single Effect Absorption System
Authors: B Swathi , R Radhakrishnan , Sangeeta K. , Jain Alok , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Hussain Muhamed , Singh Shivani
Published: May 2024

Cooling processes like refrigeration and air conditioning are known for their high energy consumption. Since most Indian states experience abundant sunshine year-round, solar refrigeration is a suitable technology for the country. Solar-powered absorption refrigeration systems offer a viable alternative to traditional refrigeration, providing not only cooling and ice-making capabilities but also energy savings and environmental benefits. However, further research is necessary to enable widespread industrial adoption and the replacement of conventional refrigeration systems with solar powered absorption system. Using solar energy for an air-conditioning system is typically more cost-effective, when it can fulfil both heating and cooling needs. This research focuses on the thermodynamic modelling of a system, specifically the effect of various temperature on COP. Thermodynamic modelling was done with the help of first law of thermodynamics. Using engineering equation solver software, study simulated the cycle and equations were developed for energy and mass flow for each component. Further, before proceeding to analysis some assumptions were also made. We then analysed how the Coefficient of Performance (COP) changed when varying the temperatures across each component. Our findings show that COP increases with increase in condenser, evaporator, and absorber temperatures, but it is declined with decrease in generator temperature.