bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Which-Hunt: Assembling Health Technologies for Assessment and Rationing
Authors: Giacomini Mita K.
Published: June 2016

To rationalize and restrict health care spending, policy makers in many jurisdictions have withdrawn insurance or funding for selected health care technologies. Numerous analytic frameworks and applied exercises have emerged to guide decisions about “which” services to cut. But in their focus on choice-making processes, these efforts have paid little attention to the problem of defining and dividing the set of technologies to choose among. If technology assessment refers to methods for weighing services for their relative value, the term technology assembly might be used to refer to methods for framing the technological trade-offs to enroll in such contests. This article examines technology assemblies found in several types of theoretical and applied rationing exercises (including Oregon’s Medicaid rationing process, economic evaluation literature, citizen “values” surveys, and Canadian provincial deinsurance policies). Based on this review, some key conceptual conventions and problems in technology assembly can be identified. The boundaries between health technologies are fuzzy, interlocked, layered, and continuously moving. Consequently, the defining features of technological trade-offs are inevitably socially constructed and negotiated. Trade-offs can be arranged along numerous dimensions, and the divisions typically correspond to broader political, administrative, and ethical dilemmas in health policy. Examples include equity among demographic classes, concepts of need, legitimacy of therapeutic goals, and so forth. Insights into the process of constructing technological trade-offs may help policy makers better question what technologies they are looking at and why, before moving on to the task of determining which ones to cover.
Duality and Symmetry with Time-Changed Lévy Processes
Authors: Fajardo José , Mordecki Ernesto
Published: June 2016

In this paper we review several relationships between prices of put and call options, of both the European and the American type, obtained mainly through Girsanov Theorem, when the asset price is driven by a time-changed Lévy process. This relation is called put-call duality, and includes the relation known as put-call symmetry as a particular case. Necessary and suﬃcient conditions for put-call symmetry to hold are shown in terms of the triplet of local characteristic of the time-changed Lévy process. This way we extend the results obtained by Fa jardo and Mordecki (2006b).
A Probabilistic Approach for Assessing the Signiﬁcance of Contextual Variables in Nonparametric Frontier Models: An Application to Brazilian Banks
Authors: E Souza Geraldo da Silva , Staub Roberta Blass , Tabak Benjamin Miranda
Published: June 2016

This article presents an empirical banking application illustrating the use of a nonparametric frontier model relying on a probabilistic deﬁnition of the production frontier. It investigates the statistical signiﬁcance of nonperforming loans in productive eﬃciency for a sample of Brazilian banks using the concepts of conditional and unconditional eﬃciency measures in a context where it is not necessary to impose any particular distribution on the production data. The analysis is robust relative to the assumptions of convexity and separability of the underlying technology. It is concluded that, on average, a relative increase of 1% in nonperforming loans implies a statistically signiﬁcant relative reduction of 5.7% in the conditional measure of eﬃciency.
Testing the Hypothesis of Contagion Using Multivariate Volatility Models
Authors: Marçal Emerson Fernandes , Pereira Pedro L. Valls
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to test whether or not there was evidence of contagion across the various ﬁnancial crises that assailed some countries in the 1990s. Data on sovereign debt bonds for Brazil, Mexico, Russia and Argentina were used to implement the test. The contagion hypothesis is tested using multivariate volatility models. If there is any evidence of structural break in volatility that can be linked to ﬁnancial crises, the contagion hypothesis will be conﬁrmed. Results suggest that there is evidence in favor of the contagion hypothesis.
Is Brazil the Land of Happiness? A Comparative Study Using a Sample with Economics Students from UFPE and Purdue
Authors: Cavalcanti Tiago V. de V. , Guimarães Juliana Ferraz , Nogueira José Ricardo
Published: June 2016

In this article we study the level of happiness using a sample of American and Brazilian college students. We applied about 187 questionnaires among economics students at Purdue University and also at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). We found that American college students have a higher probability of self-reporting as happier than Brazilian students. We also found interesting differences: (i) women are happier than men at Purdue, but men are happier than women at UFPE; (ii) family background does not seem to have a clear impact on happiness among Purdue students, but it certainly has a direct impact on happiness among UFPE students; (iii) “extra money” is an important factor for happiness in the two groups, but it is definitely more important for male students at UFPE; (iv) leisure is the key factor for happiness among Purdue students; and (v) policy towards improvements in public safety would have a stronger effect on happiness among economics UFPE students than among those who attend the Purdue University
Evidence on Common Features and Business Cycle Synchronization in Mercosur
Authors: Gutierrez Carlos Enrique Carrasco , Gomes Fábio Augusto Reis
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work is to analyze the business cycles of the Mercosurís member countries in order to investigate their degree of synchronization. The econometric model uses the Beveridge- Nelson-Stock-Watson multivariate trend-cycle decomposition, taking into account the presence of common features such as common trend and common cycle. Once the business cycles are estimated, their degree of synchronization is analyzed by means of linear correlation in time domain and coherence and phase in frequency domain. Despite the evidence of common features, the results suggest that the business cycles are not synchronized. This may generate an enormous dificulty to intensify the agreements into Mercosur
Bayesian Inference Applied to Dynamic Nelson-Siegel Model with Stochastic Volatility
Authors: Caldeira João F. , Laurini Márcio P. , Portugal Marcelo S.
Published: June 2016

In this article we propose to estimate a dynamic model for the term structure of interest rates considering two alternative specifications of the Nelson and Siegel (1987) model, generalizing several models found in literature. At first, we consider the weights of factors time-varying with conditional heteroskedasticity using a stochastic volatility model with common factors. In the second case, we consider a model where the latent factors individually follow autoregressive processes with stochastic volatility, including the possibility of leverage effects. The so-called volatility factorsseek to capture the uncertainty over time associated with the level, slope and curvature of the yield curve. The estimation is performed using Bayesian inference using Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods. The results for the term structure of DI futures and U.S. Treasuries used in this studyshow that the volatility factors are highly persistent, and also indicate that the use of stochastic volatility lead to better in-sample fits to the observed yield curve.
Minimal and Maximal Just-Identified Assumptions in Nonparametric Selection Models
Authors: Barros Ricardo Paes de
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we show minimal just identified restrictions for a class of selection models. We deepen our knowledge about selection on observables in three directions: First, we show the model proposed by Rosenbaum and Rubin is just-identified. Second, we show that although their assumptions are not minimal, the weak selection on observables-(WSO) hypothesis we introduce does, in fact, generate a set of minimal just-identified assumptions. Finally, we show the WSO hypothesis has an immediate and sensible economic interpretation. Specifically, we show that this hypothesis can be interpreted as bounds on the information available to the analyst. Basically, identification is achieved as long as the analyst's information set is rich enough so that he is able to predict migration decision, at the decision time. As a consequence, the identification conditions become weaker as the information which is assumed to be available to the analyst becomes larger. This approach certainly has a large tradition in econometrics (Zellner, Kmenta and Dreze (1966)). In the context of selection models, similar identification strategies have been followed by Goldberger (1972) and Heckman and Robb (1985, sec.5.4.3).
Qualis as a measuring stick for research output in Economics
Authors: Guimaraes Bernardo
Published: June 2016

Qualis is the set of procedures officially used for evaluating research output in Brazil. This paper asks whether Qualis provides a good measuring stick for economic research published in international journals. The answer is not positive.
Identification of Gaussian Term Structure Models with Observable Factors
Authors: Matsumura Marco , Moreira Ajax , Vicente Jose Valentim Machado
Published: June 2016

We define invariant operators for term structure models with observable factors, and show that they preserve the likelihood. Thus, the models need to be identified, and alternative restrictions are proposed. The choice of identification keeps the responses of the yield curve and of the observable factors to state variable shocks unchanged. However, it may affect the latent response.
Generalized Tests of Investment Fund Performance
Authors: Laurini Márcio Poletti , Sanvicente Antônio Zoratto , Monteiro Rogério da Costa
Published: June 2016

The paper discusses the use of statistical methods in the comparison ofinvestment fund peThe paper discusses the use of statistical methods in the comparison ofinvestment fund performance indicators. The analysis is based on the robuststatistics proposed by Ledoit and Wolf (2008), for the pairwise comparison offunds and two generalizations for sets of multiple investment funds. The multipleinvestment fund tests use the Wald and Distance Metric statistics, based onestimation by Generalized Method of Moments using HAC matrices. In orderto correct size limitations in the GMMestimation in the case of a large number ofmoment conditions, the test distributions are obtained through block-bootstrapprocedures. We applied the proposed procedures to daily return data for thelargest 97 actively managed equity funds in the Brazilian market, covering theperiod from July 2006 to July 2008. The results indicate that there are nosignificant differences in the performances of the 97 funds in the sample, bothin pairwise and joint comparisons, thus providing what is believed to be the firstBrazilian market evidence for the so-called herding hypothesis. rformance indicators. The analysis is based on the robust statistics proposed by Ledoit and Wolf (2008), for the pairwise comparison of funds and two generalizations for sets of multiple investment funds. The multiple investment fund tests use the Wald and Distance Metric statistics, based on estimation by Generalized Method of Moments using HAC matrices.In order to correct size limitations in the GMM estimation in the case of a large number of moment conditions, the test distributions are obtained through block-bootstrap procedures. We applied the proposed procedures to daily return data for the largest 97 actively managed equity funds in the Brazilian market, covering the period from July 2006 to July 2008. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the performances of the 97 funds in the sample, both in pairwise and joint comparisons, thus providing what is believed to be the first Brazilian market evidence for the so-called herding hypothesis.
A Simple Method of Elicitation of Preferences under Risk
Authors: Resende José Guilherme Lara , Tecles Patricia Langsch
Published: June 2016

This study estimates the utility of lotteries and the degree of loss aversion applying the parametric method proposed by \citet{abde08} to preferences observed in a computer-based experiment conducted at Universidadede Bras\'{i}lia. Most participants displayed risk aversion for gain prospects and risk propensity for loss prospects. Real incentives for loss prospects led to a greater concavity of the utility function than the one estimated by \citet{abde08}. We observed reversals in behavior toward risk in the presence of a certain gain or loss in the prospect. Moreover, three different measures of loss aversion are discussed and, when applied to the experimental data, they were more appropriate with its theoretical definition than the most widely used measure of \citet{tver92}
A Study of the Brazilian business cycles (1900 – 2012)
Authors: Valls Pereira Pedro L. , Vieira Heleno Piazentini
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the Brazilian business cycles in the period of 1900 to 2012. Since the quarterly series of the actual GDP only starts in 1980 we had to build the series for the period of 1900 to 1979, using the time series structural model with temporal disaggregation for the first period. After that, a Markov switching model is proposed to build a chronology of the business cycles. The chosen model has two separate regimes with different scenarios of expansion and recession, and the dating carried out in this paper is compared with other studies on the theme, and characterizations for the growth phases that can support studies of the economic history in Brazil are proposed.
Nonlinear Error Correction Models With an Application to Commodity Prices
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo C , Magri Rafael
Published: June 2016

Existing tests for nonlinearity in vector error correction models are highly intensive computationally and have nuisance parameters in the asymptotic distribution, what calls for cumbersome bootstrap calculations in order to assess the distribution. Our work proposes a consistent test which is implementable in any statistical package and has Chi-Squared asymptotics. Moreover,Monte Carlo experiments show that in small samples our test has nice size and power properties, often better than the preexisting tests. We also provide a condition under which a two step estimator for the model parameters is consistent and asymptotically normal. Application to international agricultural commodities prices show evidence of nonlinear adjustment to the long run equilibrium on the wheat prices.
Market Depth at the BM&FBovespa
Authors: Fernandes Marcelo , Barros Carlos Felipe
Published: June 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho é estimar a medida dinâmica VNET de profundidade de mercado para ações brasileiras a partir de dados de transação. VNET mede a diferença no número de ações compradas e vendidas no intervalo de tempo necessário para que o preço se movesse além de um determinado incremento. É uma medida de liquidez realizada para uma deterioração específica de preço que pode ser calculada seguidamente ao longo do dia, capturando assim a dinâmica de curto prazo da liquidez. Em particular, assume-se que essa duração de preços segue um modelo autorregressivo de duração condicional (ACD). A natureza pré-determinada do processo ACD é conveniente porque nos permite prever mudanças futuras na liquidez de uma ação. Assim, ao identificar os melhores momentos para realizar uma operação de compra ou venda, o VNET é um excelente ponto de partida para qualquer estratégia de execução ótima. Os resultados empíricos deste trabalho indicam que a profundidade de mercado medida pelo VNET varia com ágio de compra e venda, com o volume negociado, com o número de negócios, com a duração de preços condicional, e com o seu erro de previsão. Para estimar a curva de reação do mercado, variamos os intervalos de preço usados na definição das durações de preços.
The Macroeconomic Determinants of the Term Structure of Inflation Expectations in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Marcelo , Thiele Eduardo
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of inflation expectations according to macroeconomics conditions. To this end, we extract the expected inflation curve implied by indexed bonds and then estimate a dynamic factor model. The factors corresponds to the level, slope and curvature of the term structure, varying over time as a function of the exchange rate, inflation, commodities index and the CDS-implied Brazil risk. A standard deviation shock in the exchange rate increases inflation more in the short and long terms than in the medium run. The same pattern arises in the presence of a shock in inflation. A shock in commodity prices increases inflation mostly in the short term, stabilizing notwithstanding at a higher level than the original curve. In contrast, a shock in the CDS shifts down the expected inflation curve in a virtually parallel manner.
Fiscal Policy Multipliers in a DSGE Model for Brazil
Authors: Cavalcanti Marco A. F. H. , Vereda Luciano
Published: June 2016

This paper quanties and compares the macroeconomic eects of shocks to dierent types of public expenditure public investment, social transfers and public employees payroll under various scal policy rules. The analysis is based on a medium-sized DSGE model developed and calibrated to represent the Brazilian economy. The model incorporates a realistic public sector capable of intervening in the economy through several channels;in particular, the model explicitly considers the existence of public employment. The main simulation results are: (i) shocks to social transfers spending increase output in the short run, but generate negative multipliers in the medium run under all scal rules considered; (ii) public investment multipliers may be negative in the short run but are always positive in the medium run; (iii) scal rules relying on distortionary taxation to balance the primary budget can lead to both lower output andhigher in ation; (iv) policy rules based on a more protracted scal adjustment strategy may benet economic activity in the short or medium run,but imply a higher adjustment cost in the long run.
Tax Filing Choices for the Household
Authors: Da Costa Carlos Eugênio , Oliveira Érica Diniz
Published: June 2016

Giving couples the option to either file individually or jointly is equivalent to offering the envelope budget set if household choices may be rationalized by a utility maximization problem. This need not be the case if instead a collective model best describes household behavior. We study tax filing choices under the assumption that households’ decisions are outcomes of Nash bargains. Threat points for the bargain are minimum utilities that spouses perceived as being available in case of disagreement, modeled as the utilities attained by each spouse as a follower in counter-factual Stackelberg games. If individual filing is an option the utility thus attained establishes a lower bound for the threat points. We assess the allocative impact of allowing couples to file individually. Our numeric exercises show that redistribution across spouses due to this effect may be substantial even when this option is never chosen. This places filing options as a non-trivial aspect of tax policies for the household.
How does Emigration affect Labor Markets? Evidence from Road Construction in Brazil
Authors: Chein Flávia , Assunção Juliano Junqueira
Published: June 2016

We study the impact of emigration on local labor markets, based on the construction of a 1,087km road in northeastern Brazil. The new road has changed population substantially, creating new cities along its path and increasing internal migration flows. We first use a reduced-form approach to estimate the effect of emigration on skill groups (defined by education and experience) - a 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of emigrants raises wages by 5%. Then, using a structural approach, we estimate cross effects among groups - although emigration typically raises wages, complementary effects determine negative impacts in some municipalities.
Evidence of Bull and Bear Markets in the Bovespa index: An application of Markovian regime-switching Models with Duration Dependence
Authors: Mendes Fernando Henrique de Paula e Silva , Caldeira João Frois , Moura Guilherme Valle
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar tendências de alta e de baixa no índice Bovespa. Para tanto, são estimados modelos com mudanças de regime markovianas que incorporam dependência de duração, nos quais a probabilidade de transição depende também do número de períodos em que o processo se encontra em determinado estado. Os resultados mostraram um regime de retorno positivo e baixa volatilidade, e outro com alta volatilidade e retorno negativo. Ademais, a probabilidade de troca de regime diminui com a persistência do mercado de alta e de baixa. Uma análise das probabilidades suavizadas evidência o sucesso da metodologia na identificação dos principais episódios de instabilidade na bolsa brasileira. Por fim, estratégias de investimento foram construídas com base nas probabilidades previstas do modelo e apresentaram retorno médio e índice de Sharpe superiores aos do índice Ibovespa
Identifying disease-specific distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Woodward Sue , Dibley Lesley , Combes Sarah , Bellamy Andrew , Clark Calum , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa , Everelm Leslie , Kutner Sandra , Sturt Jackie , Norton Christine
Published: June 2016

Objectives:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) imposes a significant burden on patients. The authors have noticed an underlying presence of distress, seemingly distinct from anxiety and depression, in qualitative data collected for previous studies. Disease-related distress has been explored in diabetes, but has not been addressed in IBD. The authors aimed to determine the presence of IBD distress to inform development of a scale for assessing the phenomenon.

Methods:

This three-phase study used (1) a conceptual framework based on diabetes distress to conduct secondary analysis of qualitative data from four previous IBD studies (n=49 transcripts). Patient advisors confirmed the themes identified as causing distress, which guided (2) a focus group with people with IBD (n=8) and (3) items generated from phase 1 and 2 were subsequently used for a modified Delphi survey of IBD health professionals.

Results:

Five IBD-distress themes were identified: emotional distress; healthcare-related distress; interpersonal/social distress; treatment-related distress; and symptom-related distress.

Discussion:

Disease-specific distress in IBD was identified and is distinct from stress, anxiety and depression. Some causes of IBD distress overlap with diabetes distress, but existing diabetes-distress scales do not explain all the distress experienced by people with IBD and development of a new IBD-distress scale is warranted.
Performing the art of nursing
Authors: Norman Karen
Published: June 2016

Visiting Professor at Kingston University and St George's, University of London, Karen Norman recounts Performing the Art of Nursing, a lively showcase celebrating International Nurses Day 2016
The integration of BRCA testing into oncology clinics
Authors: Percival Natalie , George Angela , Gyertson Jennifer , Hamill Monica , Fernandes Andreia , Davies Emily , Rahman Nazneen , Banerjee Susana
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

The PARP inhibitor, Olaparib, is approved for women with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. Therefore there is an urgent need to test patients and obtain results in time to influence treatment. Models of BRCA testing, such as the mainstreaming oncogenetic pathway, involving oncology health professionals are being used. The authors report on the establishment of the extended role of the clinical nurse specialist in consenting women for BRCA testing in routine gynaecology-oncology clinics using the mainstreaming model.

Methods:

Nurses undertook generic consent training and specific counselling training for BRCA testing in the form of a series of online videos, written materials and checklists before obtaining approval to consent patients for germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Results:

Between July 2013 and December 2015, 108 women with ovarian cancer were counselled and consented by nurses in the medical oncology clinics at a single centre (The Royal Marsden, UK). This represented 36% of all ovarian cancer patients offered BRCA testing in the oncology clinics at the centre. Feedback from patients and nurses was encouraging with no significant issues raised in the counselling and consenting process.

Conclusion:

The mainstreaming model allows for greater access to BRCA testing for ovarian cancer patients, many of whom may benefit from personalised therapy (PARP inhibitors). This is the first report of oncology nurses in the BRCA testing pathway. Specialist oncology nurses trained in BRCA testing have an important role within a multidisciplinary team counselling and consenting patients to undergo BRCA testing.
Evaluating a training programme at Viet Duc University Hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Dung Phan Thi , Chinh Nguyen Duc , Hanh Bui My , Notter Joy
Published: June 2016

Vietnam's nursing competency standards (VNCS) were issued in 2012 as the legal framework on which the continuous nursing training programme are designed and developed. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, skills, and attitudes as well as the confidence of nurses regarding wound care at Viet Duc University Hospital before and after a new educational intervention. Method: A comparative descriptive study was carried out in 2014 at Viet Duc University Hospital. The study reviewed knowledge, skills, attitude and confidence among nurses working in seven clinical departments. The data collection tools included a 48-knowledge-item self-administered questionnaire, a sixteen-item skills set, and attitude-item observation sheet and a thirteen confidence level-item observation sheet, adapted for the field of wound care. Data were loaded into Epidata version 3.1 and analysed with SPSS version 16.0. Results: The mean pre-training knowledge, skill, attitude and confidence scores were (117.78±24.94), (53.61±10.26), (54.39±8.02) and (1.18–3.59), respectively, while the corresponding post-training scores were (148.68±16.54), (62.33±8.40), (60.80±8.75) and (1.50–4.15) p<0.0001. Conclusions and recommendations: This was the first cohort to undergo the new training programme and has shown promising initial results; however, it also demonstrates that the training content, while leading to positive changes, does in some areas need to be further developed and then disseminated across the hospital to all nurses who provide direct wound care for patients.
Reducing infection in chronic leg ulcers with an activated carbon cloth dressing
Authors: Murphy Nina
Published: June 2016

Zorflex is a new type of antimicrobial dressing composed of 100% activated carbon cloth. It attracts and binds bacteria to its surface, enabling them to be safely removed at dressing change. It has no reported toxic effects and can be used on either a short-or long-term basis. This article describes 4 case studies in which patients with recalcitrant chronic venous leg ulcers that were prone to recurrent infection were treated with the activated carbon cloth dressing. All of the wounds had failed to respond to antimicrobial dressings containing silver, iodine or polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and were heavily exuding and painful. In all cases, the signs of infection reduced significantly within 4 weeks, resulting in good patient outcomes.
Evaluating the effect of a haemoglobin spray on size reduction in chronic DFUs: clinical outcomes at 12 weeks
Authors: Dawn Hunt Sharon , Haycocks Samantha , McCardle Joanne , Guttormsen Karl
Published: June 2016

A recent multi-centre observational evaluation investigated the effect of a topical haemoglobin spray (Granulox, Infirst), used as an adjunct to standard care, on wound size reduction in 17 patients (4 females/13 males) with 20 chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) over a 4-week period. In 14 of the 18 wounds that completed the evaluation (one patient dropped out due to an infection) there was a mean reduction of 53.8% (range: 11.9–100%). The product was acceptable to both patients and clinicians, who all found it easy to use. This article describes the outcomes for the remaining 13 patients (with 15 wounds) who continued using the spray after the 4-week evaluation ended. (Data are not available for two patients and the one patient who healed during the 4-week evaluation.) By 12 weeks, three wounds (20%) had healed, eight (53%) were progressing towards healing, three (20%) increased in size and one (7%) was slow healing.
Prophylactic use of dressings for pressure ulcer prevention in the critical care unit
Authors: Thorpe Elaine
Published: June 2016

Multiple comorbidities and intensive therapy increase the risk of pressure ulcer (PU) development in critical care unit (CCU) patients. Given the high number of risk factors that CCU patients present with, it is important to acknowledge that not all PUs are entirely preventable, and incidence is thought to be between 14% and 42%. The consequences of acquiring a PU in critical care include increased mortality, morbidity and longer length of stay. Implementing prevention strategies as soon as the patient enters the unit can significantly reduce incidence. By adopting a proactive versus reactive mind-set, one CCU abandoned traditional PU risk assessment and implemented a number of intensive interventions, including the use of a prophylactic sacral dressing as an adjunct. As a result, PU incidence fell from 19.9 per 1000 patient population to 0.84 per 1000 patient population in 2014. In addition, 310 PU-free days were achieved.
Análisis del discurso político en España sobre el fracaso escolar en Twitter
Authors: Domingo Jesus , Martos José Manuel
Published: June 2016

Los partidos políticos incorporan twitter a sus perfiles públicos como una herramienta de comunicación y propaganda. El fracaso escolar ha sido un tema recurrente en esta agenda política. La comprensión profunda de esta realidad compleja exige realizar un análisis crítico de los medios en los que se produce y vehiculiza el debate. En ellos se genera un estado de opinión y un discurso oficial y mediático. El estudio caracteriza las temáticas, orientaciones e intencionalidades subyacentes en los discursos políticos sobre fracaso escolar en las cuentas de los principales partidos políticos españoles con representación parlamentaria. Utiliza el análisis de redes y medios, desde el análisis crítico del discurso y la teoría fundamentada. Twitter es de especial interés por ofrecer una síntesis del pensamiento. Se ha prestado atención a sistematizar la búsqueda y captura de la información para evitar la volatilidad del contenido. Los resultados informan que no importa la comprensión del fracaso escolar, se ignora o bien se utiliza como arma arrojadiza para justificar las políticas del partido y desprestigiar las ajenas. El discurso en twitter ofrece pues un acercamiento eminentemente ideológico; una caracterización del fracaso escolar desde la simplificación de las cifras; y una visión del mismo como producto.
Wenig gebildet, viel sanktioniert? Zur Selektivität von Sanktionen in der Grundsicherung des SGB II
Authors: Zahradnik Franz , Schreyer Franziska , Moczall Andreas , Gschwind Lutz , Trappmann Mark
Published: June 2016

Welfare benefit recipients who are subject to benefit sanctions live below the subsistence level for a fixed period of time. Individuals with low education bear an increased risk of being sanctioned. Quantitative analyses of linked administrative and survey data indicate that this increased risk cannot be attributed to a lower motivation to work or a lower willingness to make concessions regarding job offers. Our analyses of qualitative interviews and individual case files reveal complex processes: Low cultural capital when dealing with administrative matters, a habitual distance vis-à-vis job center employees as well as previous negative attributions in case files can advance the sanctioning of low-skilled welfare recipients. In this way, sanctions contribute to the (re)production of social inequality.
El sujeto de la educación: ¿a quién se educa y quién educa? Una reflexión desde Estanislao Zuleta
Authors: Parada Silva Juan Alexis
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se trae a colación el pensamiento educativo del colombiano Estanislao Zuleta Velásquez, quien ofrece una visión del sujeto de la educación, el cual no es singular, sino plural, que abarca las relacionesentre discente y docente. El escrito caracteriza al sujeto de la educación como algo complejo que se enmarca en el proceso de la educabilidad humana. Las relaciones discente–docente deben ser entre iguales; entonces,se rompe el esquema maestro–alumno, según el cual uno es el poseedor del conocimiento y el otro un simple receptor de éste. Se plantea así una educación filosófica, anclada en la realidad, que cuestione e interpele elentorno, que no comulgue con dogmas, sino que sea abierta, incluyentey permita el desarrollo de todas las posibilidades humanas.
Estado de la didáctica de la lengua castellana y la literatura en Colombia: su producción y recepción desde los años setenta hasta el año 2007
Authors: Forero Rodríguez Miguel Angel , López Henao Oscar Alonso , Piraquive Betancourt Nelso Raúl
Published: June 2016

Este artículo tiene como propósito mostrar el crecimiento de la producción textual en la didáctica de laliteratura y lengua castellana, que se ha desarrollado en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas deEducación superior en Colombia. De igual manera, presenta de forma estadística la producción editorialy anual de los libros que han tenido mayor demanda; se identifican los títulos que componen el corpusactual de los núcleos disciplinarios y, por último, se muestra el número de autores cuyo aporte ha sidosignificativo para esta disciplina emergente de la didáctica.
El color y la imagen. Un ejercicio de la mirada en optometría
Authors: Sánchez León Luis Antonio
Published: June 2016

El artículo constituye una sistematización de la experiencia pedagógicarealizada con los estudiantes de la Facultad de Optometría de la Universidadde La Salle, a través de un espacio académico de orientaciónartística, denominado El color y la imagen. El texto reflexiona sobre elmodo en que se aprovechan conocimientos del mundo médico y científicode la optometría en el desarrollo de una materia artística. Para ellose hace una reflexión sobre obstáculos en el proceso creativo y manerasde superarlos; la importancia del juego y la experimentación. Asimismose habla de la manera en que la práctica artística y el conocimiento deprocedimientos y oficios dentro del arte desarrolla la mirada sobre laobra artística. Finalmente, el texto se refiere al modo en que aspectostécnicos, de instrumental y lo patológico vinculan la mirada científica yla poética en la contemplación del arte.
Emilio: Niño y Educación.
Authors: Montero González Martha Soledad
Published: June 2016

El Emilio publicado por Juan Jacobo Rousseau, en 1762, centra su preocupaciónen la educación del individuo. Afirma que todo: “está bienen el niño al salir de las manos del autor de la naturaleza y que tododegenera en las manos del hombre”. Con esta afirmación, se da inicioen este texto, a la trayectoria recorrida por Rousseau a propósito de suconcepción de niño y de educación, como un efecto de la relación conla naturaleza, con los hombres y con las cosas, en la medida que: lanaturaleza tiene que ver con el desarrollo interno de las facultades y delos órganos, el hombre tiene que ver con la educación, en tanto enseñael uso que se puede hacer de esas facultades y de esos órganos y conlas cosas porque enseñan lo que nuestra propia experiencia nos da aconocer.2 Sin embargo, en sus discusiones, privilegia la relación del niñocon las cosas. Con estas precisiones, en el presente artículo se pretendemostrar la trayectoria propuesta por Rousseau sobre la concepción deniño y de educación.
Crisis de la política y la libertad en las democracias modernas
Authors: Gallo Cubillos Gloria
Published: June 2016

El artículo brinda una mirada profunda al tema de la crisis de la políticaactual y su relación con el concepto y las manifestaciones de la libertady la democracia, tomando como fundamentos teóricos las propuestasde James Buchanan y Hannah Arendt. Ambos autores justifican desdediferentes ángulos la evolución que dichos conceptos han tenido en lahistoria de la humanidad y establecen diversas reflexiones con respectoa su influencia en los roles asumidos por el Estado, y por los individuosque este gobierna. De esta manera, el artículo se remite a describirdesde los autores los roles del Estado, y su relación con la libertad, laautoridad y la perspectiva que para los individuos genera el conceptode política y su efecto dentro de las dinámicas sociales que actualmentereflejan un atraso y aislamiento propios de las masas que se encuentrancada vez más alejadas de la ejecución de acciones que les permitanparticipar y juzgar la toma de decisiones a nivel político.
Editorial
Authors: Pacheco Romero José
Published: June 2016

En el primer número de Anales de 2016 señalábamos (1) que un editorial de la revista Lancet (2) comentaba la información del Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de los EE UU sobre el aumento sin precedente de la longevidad en el mundo, lo que significaría un dividendo progresivo de inversión en salud y políticas socioeconómicas. Se calculaba que, en países de ingresos medios y bajos, para el año 2050, vivirá el 80% de la gente mayor de 60. Al presente solo un país, Japón, tiene ya más de 30% de su población con edad mayor de 60 años, y para 2050 habrá muchos otros países con tal población, incluyendo Chile, China, Irán, Tailandia y, es muy posible, Perú (la posibilidad se daría si se optimiza la economía y continúa acelerándose la esperanza de vida). Estos resultados positivos se deben a que buena parte de la población está modificando su estilo de vida, dejando de fumar, con menos ingesta de alcohol, más alimentación saludable y ejercicio. A nivel mundial se enfatiza mantener un estilo de vida activo para reducir el impacto de la obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, osteoporosis y diabetes en las personas mayores. Sin embargo, un artículo reciente indica que el dolor persistente, el deterioro de la movilidad y la función y la reducción de la calidad de vida y bienestar mental son las experiencias más comunes asociadas con afecciones musculoesqueléticas, de las cuales hay más de 150 tipos. La prevalencia y el impacto de dichas enfermedades musculoesqueléticas aumentan con el envejecimiento, limitan profundamente la capacidad de las personas para cumplir con las modificaciones de estilo de vida y exceden la capacidad de servicio (3). A pesar de todo, es necesario continuar promoviendo las medidas de salud, nutrición y ejercicio desde edad temprana de manera de prevenir o retardar la aparición de los problemas clínicos señalados líneas arriba y que se manifiestan conforme avanza la edad.
Capacidad antioxidante del fruto de la Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) y de la Opuntia ficus-indica (tuna)
Authors: Jorge Paola , Troncoso Luzmila
Published: June 2016

Introducción. En la tuna existen compuestos antioxidantes, pero, se desconoce si hay en el ayrampo. Objetivo. Determinar la capacidad antioxidante de Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) y de Opuntia ficus-indica (tuna). Diseño. Estudio analítico observacional. Lugar. Laboratorio de Bioquímica Clínica y Nutricional, Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico. Fruta fresca (ff) de Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) y Opuntia ficusindica (tuna). Intervenciones. En los extractos acuosos se realizaron determinaciones de vitamina C, polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante (FRAP). Los resultados se analizaron mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney, con 95% de confianza. Principales medidas de resultados. Concentración de vitamina C y polifenoles totales; capacidad antioxidante. Resultados. El ayrampo presentó mayor concentración de vitamina C (49,9 y 36,1 mg de ácido ascórbico/100 g ff), mayor concentración de polifenoles totales (107,3 y 68,7 mg de equivalente ácido gálico/100 g ff) y mayor capacidad antioxidante (1,1 y 0,7 mmoles de Fe- II/100 g ff) que la tuna. El ayrampo mostró mayor correlación entre la capacidad antioxidante y la vitamina C (0,91 y 0,56), mientras que, la tuna tuvo mayor correlación entre la capacidad antioxidante y los polifenoles totales (0,98 y 0,82). Conclusiones. El ayrampo presentó mayor capacidad antioxidante que la tuna.
La circunferencia de la cintura en adolescentes del Perú
Authors: Pajuelo Ramírez Jaime , Sánchez Abanto José , Álvarez Dongo Doris , Tarqui Mamani Carolina , Bustamente Valdivia Alcibiades
Published: June 2016

Introducción. La circunferencia de la cintura es una medida antropométrica importantísima en el estudio de la obesidad, pero no existe una población de referencia nacional. Objetivo. Poner a disposición una referencia percentilar suavizada y mostrar algunas características en relación a una serie de variables estudiadas. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Participantes. Adolescentes. Intervenciones. En 8 236 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años se midió la circunferencia de la cintura. Principales medidas de resultados. Promedios, desviación estándar y prevalencias de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados. Se presenta una referencia nacional de valores de circunferencia de la cintura y se toma el valor correspondiente al 90 percentilo como nivel de corte para identificar a los adolescentes con riesgo cardiovascular. Del total de la población estudiada, el 12% presentaba riesgo. Los que mostraban mayor riesgo fueron los del género masculino (12,1%), los que vivían en áreas urbanas (15,9%), en los dominios de Costa Sur (27,1%) y Lima Metropolitana (19,9%), en ciudades por debajo de los 1000 msnm (15,4%), los obesos (94,8%) y los considerados no pobres (14,7%). A excepción del género, las demás variables presentaron una asociación significativamente estadística con la circunferencia de la cintura. Conclusiones. El riesgo cardiovascular ya estuvo presente a una edad temprana, lo que obliga a tomar las medidas correspondientes para su tratamiento.
Conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas de personal de salud en la detección de sintomáticos respiratorios en una región de muy alto riesgo de trasmisión de tuberculosis en el Perú
Authors: Romani Romani Franco Ronald , Roque Henríquez Joel , Catacora López Fresia , Hilasaca Yngas Gladys
Published: June 2016

Introducción. Tacna es una región de muy alto riesgo de transmisión de tuberculosis. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que el rendimiento diagnóstico de la baciloscopia en sus establecimientos de salud es del 1,5%. Objetivo. Describir los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas sobre detección de sintomáticos respiratorios (SR). Diseño. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Establecimientos de salud de la Dirección Regional de Salud de Tacna. Participantes. Profesionales de salud (médicos y enfermeras). Intervenciones. Cuestionario estructurado auto-administrado y anónimo, elaborado por los autores del estudio en base a la vigente “Norma Técnica de Salud para la Atención Integral de las Personas Afectadas por Tuberculosis”. Principales medidas de resultado. Frecuencia absoluta y relativa de conocimientos adecuados, percepciones y prácticas sobre detección de sintomáticos respiratorios. Resultados. De 178 profesionales de salud (médicos y enfermeras), 89,9% conocían la definición de SR; 93,3% sabía que debe solicitarse dos muestras de esputo a los SR; 22,5% conocía el indicador que evalúa la calidad de detección de SR, y 28,1%, el indicador que evalúa la capacidad del personal para realizar la baciloscopia entre los sintomáticos respiratorios identificados; 49,4% sabía que la meta del indicador de intensidad de búsqueda es 5 por 100 atenciones en mayores de 15 años y 60,8% señaló haber leído la norma técnica vigente. Conclusiones. En el estudio, existió una brecha en el conocimiento de médicos y enfermeras en la detección de sintomáticos respiratorios. Esta brecha fue mayor en el conocimiento sobre los indicadores operacionales de detección.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre dengue en estudiantes de educación primaria en Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
Authors: Cabrera Rufino , Gómez de la Torre-Del Carpio Andrea , Bocanegra Jesús Alejandra Isabel , Correa Borit Jorge Mauricio , Huamaní Fuente Francisco Javier , Urrunaga Poma Paula Valeria , Ibarra-Casablanca Elsa
Published: June 2016

Objetivos. Evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre dengue, medidas de prevención y control, e identificar los factores asociados a su desconocimiento, en alumnos de una institución educativa estatal. Diseño. Estudio observacional transversal. Lugar. Institución educativa estatal en Chorrillos, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Alumnos de educación primaria. Métodos. En el año 2013, se encuestaron 142 alumnos del quinto y sexto grado de educación primaria y se exploró la percepción en 12 brigadieres en base a la técnica proyectiva. Principales medidas de resultados. Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre dengue. Resultados. El 53,5 % (76) era varón y el promedio de edad fue 11,2 con ± 1,05 años. El 33,1 % (47; IC95% 25,4 a 41,4) de los estudiantes tenía un conocimiento básico de dengue y 53,5% (76) identificaron la forma de transmisión vectorial del dengue. El 29,6 % (42; IC95% 22,2 a 37,8) de los escolares reconocieron las larvas y 54,2% (77) la forma adulta del vector. El 5,6% (8) y 2,1% (3) de los encuestados identificaron el larvicida y el cambio de arena húmeda de los floreros como medidas de prevención de la infestación domiciliaria. El 75,4% (75; IC95% 67,4 a 82,2) de los niños aceptarían participar en la búsqueda del vector, con diferencias significativas entre los niños y las niñas (p=0,049238). El no haber recibido información previa se asoció a no tener conocimiento básico de dengue (OR=3,7; IC95% 1,7 a 8,3; p= 0,0004676). Conclusiones. Los conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre los signos y síntomas y la forma de transmisión del dengue, las características del vector y las medidas de prevención del dengue fueron bajos y el no recibir información se asoció al desconocimiento del dengue.