bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of histological crescent formation in children IgA vasculitis with nephritis
Authors: Yang He , Lin Qian , He Xue , Fu Haidong , Jin Yanyan
Published: November 2024

Objective:This study aimed to explore the risk factors of histological crescent formation in children IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAV-N).
Methods:Enrolled patients with biopsy-proven IgAV-N from Zhejiang University’s hospital were split into two groups: 377 with no crescents (group 1) and 364 with crescents (group 2). Collected data included clinical features, lab indicators, pathological grading, and renal fibrosis indicators. Logistic regression was used to assess factors affecting crescent formation in IgAV-N. Double immunofluorescence assay detected TGF-β1, MCP-1, α-SMA, Collagen I, and FN1 in specimens. The relationship between renal fibrosis factors and pathological grade was analyzed using chi square and Pearson tests.
Results:A total of 741 patients with IgAV-N were included in the study. Univariate logistic regression identified potential factors related to crescent formation, including age, gender, clinical classification, hematuria grade, 24-hour urine protein grade, blood WBC, ALB, Cys-C, APTT, and PT. Multivariate analysis revealed statistical significance for age, 24-hour urine protein, and blood WBC across pathological levels (P<0.05). Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test indicated a linear relationship between IgAV-N pathological grade and α-SMA, TGF-β1, MCP-1, and FN1. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a positive correlation between pathological grade and these markers.
Conclusions: Age, 24-hour urinary protein, and blood WBC are identified as risk factors for histological crescent formation in children with IgAV-N. Additionally, a higher pathological level is associated with more pronounced fibrosis indicators.
Nexus of corporate governance, political stability and Performance: Evidence from IPOs of an emerging economy
Authors: Waris Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the nexus of corporate governance, political stability and Performance in IPOs of an emerging economy such as Pakistan.
Material and Methods
The data used in this study were obtained from the annual reports of IPO-listed firms in Pakistan between 2008 to 2022. We used different methods such as regression analysis, random effect model, and GMM methods in the analysis process.
Findings and Conclusion
: Our results show that an independent board has a significant positive relationship with performance. Moreover, board size has both a negative and positive relationship with the performance of the IPOs. Gender diversity has a significant positive relationship with IPO performance. Moreover, the age of the firm has a significant positive relationship with IPO performance. Political stability within the country has a positive relationship with IPO performance, whereas the political instability decreases the performance and vice versa.
Policy Implications:
This study provides practical implications to the government and investors; the government makes a code of corporate governance to increase the number of corporations by improving their Initial return and Investors use the study to evaluate the corporation with an effective code of corporate governance for protecting their investment.
Bibliometric analysis of tumor-associated macrophages and colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Yadi , Yuan Weichen , Zhang Jiexiang , Wang Zhiwei , Cui Wenwen , Guan Zhongan
Published: November 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the predominant immune cells in the TME, facilitate proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression in CRC.TAMs play significant roles in both the pathological processes and therapeutic strategies of CRC. The mutual pathological mechanisms remain unclear, necessitating an in-depth study of the relationship between TAMs and CRC. This paper employs bibliometric methods to analyze TAMs and CRC research literature, aiming to assess current trends, evaluate the research status, and forecast future directions and emerging topics.
Methods
Publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database were searched between January 1, 2001, and July 31, 2024. Following the establishment of specific search criteria for time, publication type, and language, bibliometric analysis and data visualization were conducted using Microsoft Excel, R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.
Results
This study included 1218 publications, written by 8,302 authors from 61 countries and 1,657 institutions, published in 427 journals, covering 4,451 keywords and citing 65,174 references. During the period 2017–2023, the number of publications increased rapidly. The most published and most cited country is China. The leading research institutions were Sun Yat Sen University, Zhejiang University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, all located in China. Mantovani, Alberto, was the most prolific and cited author from Humanitas University. The primary research disciplines included molecular, biology, immunology, medicine, and genetics. Keyword co-occurrence and literature co-citation analysis identified NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B), endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis, polarization, TME, immune response, PD-1 blockade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and metabolism as current research hotspots and trends in this field.
Conclusion
This study employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively analyze and visualize research papers in TAMs and CRC published from 2001 to July 31, 2024. The objective was to assess the current research status, hotspots, and development trends in targeting TAMs for CRC, aiming to provide a reference point and information to establish TAMs as a novel driving force for CRC treatment.
Effect of the phase transition on the dynamics of COVID19 drugs trapped inside lipid bilayers
Authors: Singh Satnam
Published: November 2024

Investigating the dynamics of drugs inside lipid bilayers to understand their effects on drug efficacy and cellular functions. In this work, the dynamics of three COVID-19 drugs inside two lipid bilayers are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The three drugs, Baricitinib (C16H17N7O2S), Nirmatrelvir (C23H32F3N5O4), and Remdesivir (C27H35N6O8P), and the two lipid bilayers, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (C36H72NO8P) and Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (C40H80NO8P), are selected to encapsulate the drugs. We study the diffusion of the drugs, radial distribution function, hydrogen bonding between drugs and lipids, and dihedral angles of the drugs. Additionally, the oral bioavailability of the three drugs is studied. Moreover, lipid parameters such as the area per lipid and deuterium order parameters are also examined. We found that changes in the phase of the bilayer significantly impact the dynamics of the drugs. The hydrogen bonding between the lipid and drug increases as the phase of the lipid changes from solid to liquid. Changes in the area per lipid and deuterium order parameters are also clearly observed.
CT and MRI characteristics of ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas
Authors: Hattori Mayu , Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nishibori Hironori , Furui Tatsuro , Isobe Masanori , Noda Yoshifumi , Hyodo Fuminori , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the CT and MRI features of ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas.
Materials and methods: A total of 34 patients (age range, 12–74 years; mean age, 39 years) with histopathologically proven ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas were enrolled in the present study. All patients underwent preoperative pelvic CT and/or MRI. Imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Histopathological diagnosis of mucinous tumors included mucinous cystadenoma in 22 patients, mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) in 10 patients, and mucinous carcinoma in two patients. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 167 mm (range, 39–314 mm). All tumors were unilateral, well-defined, predominantly cystic, and multilocular. A total of 14 tumors (41%) had fewer than 10 loculi, while 12 tumors (35%) had 30 or more. Fatty components were observed in 30 tumors (88%), and 20 of 30 tumors (67%) had multiple fatty components. On MRI, stained glass appearance was observed in 20 of 29 tumors (69%). On CT, nodular calcifications within fatty components were observed in 12 of 21 tumors (57%), whereas flattened calcifications within the septa of non-fatty components were observed in 7 of 21 tumors (33%). Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) was observed in three patients (9%) with MBT.
Conclusion: Ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas typically presented as large, multilocular cystic lesions with fatty components and teratoma/mucinous tumor-associated calcifications. Although PMP was uncommon, it was rarely observed in patients with MBT.
Correlation of Quantitative HBsAg with HBV DNA levels in treatment naïve Chronic Hepatitis B patients.
Authors: Malik Praveen Kumar , Varun Varun Shahi , Heli Heli Kapoor , Nikhil Nikhil Verma , Raman Raman Parashar , Taneja Rajesh Satyapal Taneja R S
Published: November 2024

Background This was a cross-sectional analytical study evaluating treatment naive CHB patients visiting department of Medicine at our tertiary care centre between January 2023 - March 2024. Demographic details and laboratory parameters like HBV DNA, Quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg), HBeAg status, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, albumin was noted. The purpose of the study was understanding the correlation between qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels is critical for optimizing clinical decision-making in chronic hepatitis B management. If a strong correlation is established, qHBsAg could potentially serve as an alternative or adjunctive marker for monitoring disease progression, assessing treatment response, and predicting outcomes. Moreover, if qHBsAg proves reliable as a surrogate for HBV DNA levels, it could streamline patient care by reducing the need for frequent HBV DNA testing, particularly in resource-limited settings where sophisticated molecular assays may be scarce.Results 50 treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled to evaluate the correlation between quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. The cohort had a mean age of 44.56 years, predominantly male (68%). Serological tests showed all patients were positive for Total Anti HBc, with 34% HBeAg-positive and 66% HBeAg-negative. Mean HBV DNA levels were 100,217,224.45 IU/mL, and quantitative HBsAg levels averaged 3117.78 IU/mL. The correlation between quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA was very weak and non-significant, with coefficients of 0.049 in overall study patients, 0.194 in HBeAg-reactive patients, and 0.192 in non-reactive patients.Conclusion The study found a predominantly non-significant correlation between quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels, suggesting HBsAg alone may not reliably predict HBV DNA or disease activity in chronic HBV patients.
Quantitative EEG characteristics and prediction of neuromotor development in premature neonates with brain injury
Authors: Shan Yuanyuan , Zhang Lin , Zhang Peng , Xu Yan , Wang Jun , Yang Mingshu , Cheng Guoqiang
Published: November 2024

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify relevant quantitative parameters to distinguish premature infants with presence of brain injury from conventional EEGs and predict short-term neuromotor developmental outcomes.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of newborns at 34 weeks’ gestation or earlier. Multichannel EEG recordings were performed within the first 3 days after birth. The total power (TP), absolute and relative band power (ABP and RBP), alpha/theta ratio (ATR), alpha/ delta + theta ratio (ADTR), 95% spetral edge frequency (SEF), approximate entropy (ApEn), coherence and brain symmetry index (BSI) were calculated using the Auto-Neo-EEG signal processing system. Neonates were divided into two groups: with and without brain injury, and clinical outcomes of general movements (GMs) assessment at three months were available for analysis.
Results
Preterm infants with brain injury had significantly lower TP, ABP-δ, ABP-α, RBP-δ and coherence than those without brain injury (P values were 0.008, 0.002, 0.019, 0.035, 0.025, respectively). The area under curve (AUC) of TP, ABP-δ, ABP-α, RBP-δ and coherence for predicting brain injury was 0.749, 0.830, 0.721, 0.799 and 0.743, respectively. When TP, ABP-δ, ABP-α, RBP-δ and coherence were taken as cut-off values (53.46µV2, 78.55µV2, 6.28µV2, 35.58%, 0.13), the sensitivity reached 84.1%, 81.5%, 70.6%, 79.1%, 49.2%, and the specificity were 58.7%, 83.1%, 60.5%, 67.8%, 90.1%, respectively, to distinguish brain injury. Preterm infants with brain injury had significantly lower GMs optimimality scores (15.6 ± 6.7) than those without brain injury (28.4 ± 8.3) (P = 0.019). For 43 preterm infants with brain injury, TP (P = 0.023) and ABP-δ (P = 0.030) were positively correlated with GMs optimimality scores; while coherence (P = 0.039) was the opposite.
Conclusions
Compared with those without brain injury, preterm infants with brain injury tended to have reduced spectral power, accompanied by impaired brain network connectivity, and delayed motor development. Automated qEEG analysis provides predictive value on the occurrence of brain injury and outcomes in preterm neonates, among which ABP-δ presenting the best predictive value.
Genomic, socio-environmental, and sequencing capability patterns in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean up to 2023
Authors: Concha-Toloza Macarena , González Luis Collado , Estrella Alfredo Heriberto Herrera , Porto Darío Fernández Do , Campos-Sánchez Rebeca , Molina-Mora Jose Arturo
Published: November 2024

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been one of the most strongly impacted regions by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, with more than 83 million reported infections and 1.7 million deaths until December 2023, intensifying economic and social inequalities. This study aimed to provide information to the regional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance programs by determining genomic, socio-environmental, and sequencing capacity patterns associated with the circulation of the virus in Latin America up to 2023. Data from 24 countries in LAC were analyzed using public databases up to December 2023. A sampling of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from cases in the region enabled a phylogenomic study to elucidate the temporal distribution of various variants of concern (VOCs), mutations, recombinants, and patterns regarding sequencing capabilities in LAC. Additionally, correlation and generalized linear models (GLM) analyses were performed between 89 socio-environmental and five COVID-19 indicators to study possible associations between country-level factors. The phylogenomic analyses revealed a diversity of variants with the predominance of some during specific periods, mainly VOCs and some recombinant cases, and a mutation rate of 8.39 x 10− 4 substitutions per site per year, which are in line with other regions of the world. Besides, a low sequencing rate in LAC (on average 0.7% of cases) and incomplete databases in several countries were identified. In the analysis of indicators, correlations between 9 socio-environmental indicators and four COVID-19 variables associated with cases, deaths, and diagnostic tests related to the virus in the region, although not for sequencing percentages. This study provides information about the development of COVID-19 disease in LAC in terms of the viral genome, sequencing capabilities, and the region's complex socio-environmental conditions. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on implementing an integrated epidemiological surveillance approach to strengthen public health infrastructure and improve cooperation and preparedness for future infections affecting this world region.
Determinants of low fifth-minute APGAR score among newborn : A case control study conducted in north shewa Zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia:2023
Authors: Ketema Teshome , jangule Yilma , Adugna Buta
Published: November 2024

Background: Globally, 2.6 million children under the age of five and around 7,000 newborns died in the first month of birth, with the majority of these deaths occurring in the first few weeks. Neonatal mortality has a significant influence on under-five mortality.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the determinants of low fifth-minute APGAR score among newborn delivered at hospitals in north shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023
Design and settings: A facility based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 411 newborns was conducted from March 30 to April 30, 2023, in North Shoa Zone public hospitals.
Participants: 147 Newborns with 5th APGAR score less than 7 were considered as cases whereas 293 Newborns presented with 5th APGAR score greater than 7 were considered as controls. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit cases, while a systematic random sampling technique was used to select controls. A pretested structured questionnaire through a face-to-face interview, a mother's medical records review, and observational checklist were used to collect data. The AOR with a 95 % confidence level were performed. Finally, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Outcome measures: The medical charts of participants were used to recruit cases and controls
Results: Anemia [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.76–3.04], low birth weight [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.54–3.08], twin pregnancy [AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.23–2.17], and absence of ANC follow up[AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.02–2.18] were revealed as significant predictors of low Apgar score.
Conclusions: A low fifth minute Apgar score was associated with low birth weight, antepartum hemorrhage, twin pregnancy, and not receiving ANC follow-up. It will be easier to identify high-risk pregnancies that result in low Apgar scores if pregnant women get effective health education on anemia during pregnancy,twin pregnancy,low birth weight and ANC before getting pregnant.
Implementation of methylation profiling of central nervous system tumors at largest public health center in Brazil
Authors: Wolff Beatriz Martins , Casal Yuri , Vieira Lucas Liro , Carvalho Gleyson Francisco Silva , Costa-Siemann Mariana Ribeiro , Mendes Rafaela da Silva , Chagas Maria Fernanda Freire , Rolim Lissandro , Gasparini Yanca , Moura Eder Alencar , Costa Felipe D Almeida , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici
Published: November 2024

Tumor entities of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are defined by the WHO classification and range from benign neoplasms to highly malignant tumors. The extensive variety of tumor types and the histomorphological resemblance among different entities with unique molecular profiles make histopathological classification challenging. This diverse spectrum complicates clinical decision-making and the interpretation and validation of clinical trial results.
Methods: The methodology based on DNA methylation profiling of CNS tumors can enhance diagnostic precision when integrated with traditional morphological methods. In this study, we analyzed 16 DNA samples from medulloblastomas and ependymomas, obtained from paraffin-embedded blocks from the Pathology Division archives of HCFMUSP, and with prior histological analysis. The samples were processed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina®) and methylation data analysis tools in R Studio. The data were submitted to the MolecularNeuropathology.org platform for methylation-based classification and Copy Number Variations (CNV) chart generation.
Results: The classifier was consistent with the previous diagnosis in 94% of cases, refining the diagnosis in 54% of cases to subclass, 38% to subtype, and 8% to family. The platform also provided CNV estimates for 87% of cases, revealing crucial information on genetic alterations such as gains, losses, amplifications, and gene fusions.
Conclusion: Despite the challenges of implementation within the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), the results demonstrate the method's robustness and reproducibility, promising invaluable support for precise diagnoses and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
Clinical Practice of One-lung Ventilation in Mainland China: a nationwide questionnaire survey
Authors: Liu Hong-jin , Lin Yong , Li Wang , Yang Hai , Kang Wen-yue , Guo Pei-lei , Guo Xiao-hui , Chen Ning-ning , Tan Jie-chao , He Yi-na , Chen Si-si , Mu Yan , Liu Xian-wen , Zhang Hui , Chen Mei-fang
Published: November 2024

Background
Limited information is available regarding the application of the lung protective ventilation strategies during one-lung ventilation (OLV) around mainland China. A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current clinical practice regarding this issue.
Methods
The survey covered various aspects, including the general information of the respondents, the establishment and maintenance of OLV, intraoperative monitoring standards and the complications associated with OLV.
Results
Five hundred and forty-three valid responds were collected which covered all of the provinces in mainland China. Volume control ventilation mode, 4 to 6 mL per kilogram of predictive body weight, pure oxygen inspiration and a low level positive end expiratory pressure ≤ 5 cm H2O were the most popular ventilation parameters. The most common thresholds of intraoperative respiration monitoring were: a saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) of 90–94%, an end-tidal CO2 of 45 to 55 mm Hg and an airway pressure of 30 to 34 cm H2O. Recruitment manoeuvres were traditionally performed by 94% of the respondents. Intraoperative hypoxemia and laryngeal injury were experienced in 75% and 51% of the respondents respectively. The proportion of the anesthesiologists who frequently experienced hypoxemia during the OLV were 19%, 24% and 7% in lung, cardiovascular and esophageal surgery respectively. Up to 32% of the respondents were reluctant to perform lung protective ventilation strategies during OLV. Multiple regression analysis revealed that volume control ventilation mode and the SpO2 intervention threshold of < 85% were independent risk factors for hypoxemia during OLV in lung and cardiovascular surgeries. In esophageal surgery, being from a tier 2 hospital and using the traditional ventilation strategy were independent risk factors for hypoxemia during OLV. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between respondents who performed lung protective ventilation strategies and those who did not, in terms of intraoperative hypoxemia during OLV.
Conclusions
Lung protective ventilation strategies in OLV has been widely accepted in mainland China and it is strongly recommended in esophageal surgery, especially those performed in tier 2 hospitals. The implementation of volume control ventilation mode and the early management of oxygen desaturation might prevent hypoxemia during OLV.
Screening and Diagnosing by Physiotherapists in the Emergency Department: a retrospective data analysis
Authors: Winteler Balz R. , Wirz Rahel , Schmitt Kai-Uwe , Beckwée David , Raab Anja M.
Published: November 2024

Background: To face the rising number of patients presenting themselves to the emergency department (ED) due to musculoskeletal pain, a new scheme was established at a Swiss university hospital. “Physiotherapy in the emergency department” involves physiotherapists (PTs) treating these patients.
This study was part of the scientific monitoring of the new scheme and was intended to fill knowledge gaps in the area of physiotherapeutic screening and diagnostic tests used according to the current state of protocol.
Methods: To describe the number and type of tests used by PTs, a retrospective observational study was conducted. Secondary data were collected from the medical records of patients treated in the ED under the new scheme and were clustered prior to analysis. In addition, the characteristics of the patient study sample were summarised in detail and the tests performed by the PTs were compared with those of the emergency physicians (EPs) involved. All records between April and August 2022 that contained a PT consultation report were included in the analyses.
Results: The cohort consisted of 146 patients. The mean age of the population was 44 years (SD ±17.6), and the lumbar spine (61%) was the most common area of complaint. PTs performed screening in addition to the baseline findings in 78% of cases; mainly neurological tests (38%) followed by manual provocation testing (31%), pressure dolence (17%) and safety questions (15%). In terms of type, screening and diagnostic tests they performed were largely consistent with those used by the EPs who had previously seen the patients.
Conclusions: The screening and diagnostic tests that PTs used for patients presenting to the ED for musculoskeletal pain are largely identical in nature to those used by EPs and are appropriate for the assessment and treatment of patients in this setting. This allows physicians to transfer these screening and diagnostic tests to PTs in the ED and reduce their workload. This may create new areas of practice for PTs, e.g. in an advanced practice role.
A Rare Cause Of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Colon Angiosarcoma Metastasis
Authors: Kapan Mehmet , Mammadov Etibar , Yılmaz Ferhat , Yalçın Mehmet Suat , Başaran Murat , Özşeker Havva , Özşeker Burak
Published: November 2024

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue tumor that accounts for 1–2% of such tumors, originating from lymphoid and vascular endothelial cells. It is typically of cutaneous origin, and its metastases usually occur in the lungs, liver, and regional lymph nodes. Colon metastasis is extremely rare, with only six cases described in the literature. Three of the cases with colon metastasis presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. Our case is a patient who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and was diagnosed with metastatic angiosarcoma of the colon, marking it as the 7th case reported in the literature.
Propagation through seed or somatic embryogenesis: Comparing the effects of two methods and methyl jasmonate treatment on Norway spruce resistance to Heterobasidion infection
Authors: Tudoran Amelia , Elfstrand Malin , Helmersson Andreas , Puentes Adriana
Published: November 2024

The clonal propagation method somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been shown to affect plant resistance to an insect pest. In a field trial, Norway spruce SE-plants (emblings) experienced less damage by the bark-chewing pine weevil compared to seedlings propagated through seeds from the same mother tree. Moreover, if emblings were treated with the defense-inducing hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA), their resistance became much greater compared to the effects of SE and MeJA alone. Thus, we evaluated in a full factorial design if propagation method (seed or SE) and MeJA treatment (treated or not) can affect Norway spruce resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum. Emblings and seedlings were half-sibs originating from four different Norway spruce families. We found that emblings and seedlings exhibited similar fungal lesion lengths (LL) and sapwood growth (SWG) in a constitutive state (no MeJA). Once treated, seedlings exhibited a 26% and 28% reduction in LL and SWG growth respectively, in line with previous studies. For emblings, it was the opposite. MeJA increased LL and SWG by 41% and 16% respectively. This is unexpected given the genetic relatedness of the material, and the previously documented effects of SE. It is possible that SE is causing changes in Norway spruce resistance that are effective against insects, but not pathogens. Also, MeJA treatment may be affecting embling terpene composition in ways that benefit fungal growth, as suggested from separate experiments. Further studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility of Norway spruce emblings to fungal infection.
Optimizing the Planning of DGsin a Radial Distribution SystemUsing a Multi-Criterion Decision-Making TOPSIS Approach
Authors: ganji Srikant
Published: November 2024

The proliferation of Distributed Generation (DG) technologies in various sizes and configurations is causing a transformation in the traditional design of distribution networks. Nevertheless, improper integration of distributed generators into current distribution networks may result in several technological obstacles, notwithstanding the benefits offered by various forms of distributed power generation. This paper introduces a Pareto-Based, Multi-Objective-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (MO-AOA) to address the complexities of optimal DG planning within the Distribution systems. The primary aim of this study is to enhance three key technical aspects of distribution networks decreasing Real Power Loss (RPS) and Reactive powerloss and optimizing the Voltage stability index (VSI). Two cases are analyzed: In case 1 focuses on the efficient planning of distributed Generators (DGs) that only supply active power (microturbineDGs), while in case 2, it discusses the efficient planning of DGs that supply both reactiveand real power (eg. Synchronous Generator or Wind Generators). The pareto-based MO-AOA algorithm produces optimal pareto front in multi-criteria decision making, the TOPSIS methodis employed. The proposed approach is experimented on Two typical distribution networks, the 33 Bus and the 69 Bus IEEE systems, are used to test the suggested strategy. The performance of MO-AOA is evaluated against MO-PSO, MO-GWO, and NS-GA II to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Anatomical Landmarks for Localizing the Suprascapular Notch in Posterior-Approach Accessory-Suprascapular Nerve Transfer: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Junior Hélio Huguenin Tavares , Almeida Leonardo Leite , Aguiar Lívia , Barreto Daniel Sica , Silva Amanda Gonçalves da , Guedes Fernando
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Locating the suprascapular nerve (SNN) via the posterior approach during nerve reconstruction can be challenging, even for experienced surgeons, due to the nerve’s deep position near the superior border of the scapular spine and the limited operative field. This study aims to assess the topographical variations of the suprascapular notch (SN) to provide more precise presurgical guidance on its probable location.
Methods
In 51 scapulae, distances from the SN (A) to five key bony landmarks were measured: the supraglenoid tubercle (B), lateral border of the acromion (C), superior angle of the scapula (D), inferior angle of the scapula (E), and infraglenoid tubercle (F). The distance between points C and D was recorded, and additional relevant distances were calculated based on these measurements.
Results
The mean measurements were as follows: AB = 3.55 cm, AC = 6.68 cm, AD = 4.28 cm, AE = 13.38 cm, AF = 4.88 cm, and CD = 9.93 cm. Based on these measurements, the SN was found to be located approximately 63.51% along the line connecting C to D.
Conclusion
The SN can be identified by palpation at approximately 63.51% along a line extending from the lateral border of the acromion to the superior angle of the scapula, positioning it slightly more medially than commonly suggested in the literature. This anatomical insight can offer a more reliable reference for presurgical planning.
Association between village coverage of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among children aged 0 – 59 months with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea: an observational study
Authors: Ford Rebecca , Neal Eleanor , Sapura Joycelyn , kave John , Nivio Birunu , Dreyam Mary , Samatoe John , Kirarock Wendy , Chan Jocelyn , Hinds Jason , Nation Monica , Pell Casey , Ortika Belinda , Alamarousi Ahmed , Nguyen Cattram , Dunne Eileen , Satzke Catherine , Pomat William , Blyth Christopher , Russell Fiona
Published: November 2024

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prevents disease by reducing nasopharyngeal carriage of disease-causing serotypes through direct immunisation and indirect community-wide effects. The extent of indirect effects in low-coverage, high-burden settings like Papua New Guinea (PNG) is unclear. From 2016-2019, we evaluated the impact of PCV13 on vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among 1,214 children (0-59 months) with pneumonia or meningitis (cases) in PNG. We assessed individual PCV13 status, collected nasopharyngeal swabs for serotyping, and documented case village-level PCV13 coverage. Vaccine-type carriage was lower in vaccinated (24.8%) than under-vaccinated (41.3%) cases. PCV13 effectiveness against vaccine-type carriage was 46.6% (95% CI 27.0–60.9). Median village-level coverage increased from 2016 (12.5% [IQR 0–37.5]) to 2019 (28.6% [IQR 0–53.8]). Each 1% increase in village-level coverage reduced vaccine-type carriage by 0.5% (95% CI 0.0–1.0). Despite low PCV13 coverage, indirect effects were evident, underscoring the need to enhance vaccine access in high-burden settings.
In-situ engineering carboxyl in donor-acceptor polymers via photothermal synergetic system towards highly efficient H2O2 synthesis
Authors: Yue Dongting , Peng Yuanjie , Lin Jiahong , Gong Jiacheng , Zhu Mengxiang , Bao Chenyu , Chen Shuxun , Xie Xincheng , Yu Wenjie , Zhang Peng , Cui Jiahua , Yang Jinrong , Li Kan
Published: November 2024

Artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from abundant lake or seawater via inexpensive, stable, and safe processes involving sunlight provides a sustainable path to carbon neutrality. We report a novel photo- and thermocatalytic synergism resulting from benzoxazine-aminophenol units crosslinked into aminophenol-formaldehyde (APF) polymers with H2O2 production rates achieving to 3216 μmol·g-1·h-1 from pure water saturated with oxygen. The carboxyl (O═C─OH) groups can be in-situ induced into APF during the initial stage and remained stable during the long-term photothermal process. These induced O═C─OH groups tuned the donor–acceptor (D–A) structures, which created more D–A couples, narrowed the bandgap for exciton dissociation, and reduced the energy barrier for H2O2 production. With the help of a concentrated solar light source, thermos assisted photocatalytic system can harvest the infrared light in sunlight, which provided H2O2 production rates of 14756 and 12094 μmol·g-1 (fresh water and seawater), further promoting the large-scale implementation.
Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Saraca Asoca Bark Extract
Authors: Jain Aishwarya , Bhise Kiran
Published: November 2024

ZnO NPs have of late garnered interest for their biomedical and theranostic applications, however, all such applications would involve exhaustive toxicological testing for their safe use. This paper reports on the green synthesis of ZnO NPs by the reduction of cytotoxicity during production from Saraca Asoca bark extract. The ZnO NPs obtained were characterized through UV visible spectroscopy by observing the peak at 326 nm. The scanning electron microscopy is done to assess the particle size range, which ranges from 50 to 100 nm.
The LC50 of the toxin, formula was established through an in-vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Lethal effects at various concentrations of ZnO NPs including 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µg/mL were tested on nauplii of brine shrimp while maintaining time constant at 24 hours. All nauplii survived at 5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL; at 80 µg/mL nine survived, while eight survived at 100 µg/mL, indicating a high level of nontoxicity at higher concentrations.
LC50 estimation provides evidence that the ZnO NPs synthesized through the bark extract of Saraca Asoca reveal very low cytotoxicity and, therefore, would act as a promising candidate for biomedical applications. The green synthesis route here may find an alternative, non-toxic nanoparticle production technique instead of the toxic ones shown here.
Insulating Effect of Alkyl Chains for Low-Power and High-Stability Organic Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Li Liqiang , Qi Jiannan , Xue Jialu , Li Xufan , Tie Kai , Wang Zhongwu , Huang Yinan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Hu Wenping
Published: November 2024

The designability of organic semiconductors (OSCs) enables the tunable properties of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with significant potential applications in flexible displays, wearable devices, and bioelectronic devices. The introduction of alkyl chains has been proved to effectively modulate the mobility, crystallinity, solubility, and other optoelectronic properties of OSCs. Here, we revealed that the alkyl chains can function as dielectric components in OFETs due to their insulating effect. The ultrathin alkyl chains are covalently bonded to the OSC backbone, eliminating the heterogeneous charge transport interface and reducing the trap density, which enables low-power and high-stability alkylated-OFETs. The 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) FET with alkyl chain exhibits a mobility of 11.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ultrahigh intrinsic gain of 7.52×104 at operational voltage of 1 V. The corresponding inverters show exceptional static (small-signal gains of 127.6 and total noise margin of 95.3% at VDD = 2.5 V) and dynamic characteristics (signal-delay time constants of 50 μs at VDD = 1 V) under low voltage. Additionally, the C10-DNTT FETs and inverters demonstrate outstanding operational stability, enduring 30000 seconds of bias stress and cycle tests. This work offers a solution for achieving both low-power and high-stability organic electronic and optoelectronic application.
Direct observation of topological magnon edge states
Authors: Zhong Dingyong , Zhang Jihai , Zhang Meng-Han , Li Peigen , Liu Zizhao , Tao Ye , Wang Hongkun , Yao Dao-Xin , Guo Donghui
Published: November 2024

Magnons, the quanta of spin waves, can serve as information carriers with promising applications in ultra-low-power spintronic devices.1,2 Magnon Chern insulators (MCIs) exhibiting unique topological magnon band structures featuring chiral edge states which can be utilized to construct novel spintronic devices.3,4 Though the existence of the MCIs are supported by the magnon related thermal Hall effect,5 direct observations of the topologically protected magnon edge states is still been pursued. Here, we report the spatially resolved detection of magnon edge states in a two-dimensional ferromagnet with honeycomb lattice (single-layer chromium triiodide). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we observed magnon-assisted inelastic tunneling conductance and revealed the gapped magnon spectra with enhanced signals at the van Hove singularities. Extra tunneling conductance contributed from the magnon edge states was detected at three different edge configurations. Our work provided direct evidence proving the existence of MCI states down to the single-layer limit, initiating spatially-resolved explorations on exotic properties arising from topological edge states of MCIs.
SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants identified in selected regions of Ethiopia through whole genome sequencing: Insights from the fifth wave of COVID-19
Authors: Hailu Getnet , Legesse Mengistu , Mulu Andargachew , Medhin Girmay , Mengesha Mesfin , Hailu Dawit , Ayele Abaysew , Gebreegziabxier Atsbeha , Tayachew Adamu , Aguine Adimkewu , K Tessema Sofoniyas , Onywera Harris , Stanislas Assohoun Egomli , Abate Ebba , Marcello Alessandro , Bitew Molelegne
Published: November 2024

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global sequencing highlighted SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. In Ethiopia, where COVID-19 cases surged, little was known about the virus's dynamics. This study aimed to analyze SARS-CoV-2 variants during the fifth wave of the pandemic, crucial for vaccine, therapeutic, and diagnostic selection, as well as understanding of disease progression and severity.
Method: From the samples collected from different parts of the country between June and August 2022, a total of 150 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were randomly retrieved from the repository of the national SARS-CoV-2 reference laboratory of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). Samples were re-analyzed using BIO-RAD, CFX96 Deep Well™ Real-Time PCR Detection system. Only 70 samples with a Ct value <30 were selected for next-generation sequencing using NextSeq 550 platform (Illumina platform). Out of 70, 63 genome sequences passed the bioinformatics quality and were chosen for further analysis. The genomic data was analyzed using bioinformatics and statistical tools. The reference genome "hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019" was used for phylogeny. In addition, 117 sequence pairs were downloaded from GISAID, originating from 18 neighbouring countries and different parts of the world, in order to estimate the average evolutionary divergence across all sequence pairs.
Results: Of the 63 genome sequences, 44 (69.8%) were from male and 19 (30.2%) were from Female. The median age of patient was 34 years. The dominant variant was Omicron (97%, 61/63), followed by Delta (3.2%, 2/63). Within Omicron, clade 22A was most prevalent (64%, 40/63), while other clades like 22B (18%, 11/63) and 21K (14%, 9/63) also present. Evolutionary divergence was limited, with Ethiopian sequences showing less genetic diversity compared to global sequences.
Conclusion:The Omicron variant dominated the fifth wave in Ethiopia, with evidence of recent community transmission. Despite slight differences in genetic diversity with global sequences, the study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance for variant tracking and public health interventions.
Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Niger: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ali. Zaratou
Published: November 2024

Background:
Malaria is still a public health problem and remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Niger among children under 5 years of age. The objective was to determine the prevalence of malaria and identify associated risk factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Niger.
Methods
Data from the 2021 National Malaria Indicator Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics was used for this work. A total of 4724 children aged 6 to 59 months for whom the malaria rapid diagnostic test was performed were included. Pearson's chi-square tests at the 5% significance level were used to analyze differences between categorical variables. All variables that had a bilateral p-value <0.05 in the bivariate analysis were fed into the binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with malaria in children
Results
Of the 4724 children, 1121 (23.73%) were positive for the malaria rapid diagnostic test. Risk factors for malaria after logistic regression were: age range 24-59 months [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.86 Confidence Interval (CI) at 95%: (2.72-5.48)], rural residence [AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: (1.37-2.70)], and 24 months to more of net acquisition [AOR:1.33; 95% CI: (1.01-2.19)]. The birth order between 2 and 3 [ORA: 0.77; 95% CI (0.63-0.95)] was a protective factor for malaria in children.
Conclusion
Malaria remains a public health problem in Niger. Despite the prevention and care actions put in place. Emphasis must be placed on raising awareness and involving the community for vector eradication.
Gluten contamination in oat varieties grown in Turkey and their gluten-free oat-only products
Authors: Atasoy Guler , Kahraman Turhan , Turhan Mahir
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Gluten contamination is a frequent concern in oat seeds (OSs) and gluten-free foods (GFFs) containing them. Research addressing gluten contamination in OSs and GF oat-only products (GFOs) is limited. This study aims to investigate gluten contamination in all oat varieties from Turkey and their all GFOs.
Subjects/Methods: Gluten from wheat, rye, and barley was quantitatively searched for in all oat varieties grown in turkey (23) and all gluten-free only-oat products (GFOs) made of them (15) using the R5 antibody-based sandwich ELISA method.
Results: None of the 23 OSs tested had a gluten concentration (GC)>5 ppm. Eleven (73%) and 10 (67%) of the 15 GFOs tested have a GC>5 and GC>20 ppm, respectively.
Conclusions: Gluten contamination is high in both OSs and GFOs worldwide. Its prevalence is higher in GFOs than in OSs, showing that post-harvesting and manufacturing practices lead to more contamination. Implementing a conscious gluten-free protocol and proofing the gluten-freeness is an effective way to keep the contamination at a minimum or hopefully eradicate it.
Interaction of the Far-red Radiation Intensity and CO2 Concentration during Early Indoor Production Stages of Red Leaf Lettuce
Authors: Sheibani Fatemeh , Runkle Erik , Mitchell Cary A.
Published: November 2024

Although far-red (FR) radiation (700–750 nm) is beyond the traditional photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) waveband (400–700 nm), recent findings suggest equivalent or similar photosynthetic action when applied along with shorter PAR wavelengths. Potential interactive effects of FR with other environmental factors that affect photosynthesis, such as CO2, have not been widely established. In the present study, the effects of four FR photon flux densities (0, 20, 40, or 60 µmol·m−2·s−1) substituting for red (R; 600–700 nm) in combination with three CO2 concentrations (400, 800, or 1200 µmol·mol−1) were investigated at three distinctive stages of young red lettuce production. We tested whether the photomorphogenic response of young plant leaves to FR would result in a higher light interception area, as well as whether interactive effects of CO2 with FR might modify the effects of FR alone. The total photon flux density (TPFD) was maintained at a low limiting intensity of 200 µmol·m−2·s−1 (daily light integral: 11.5 mol·m−2·d−1), consistent with indoor commercial setpoints for sole-source lighting. Although blue (B; 400–500 nm) was held constant at 20 µmol·m−2·s−1 for all treatments, different combinations of R and FR were adjusted. Red oakleaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Rouxai’) used as a model test crop was harvested at 14 days (small baby greens), 18 days (standard baby greens), and 22 days (teen greens) after sowing. Crop productivity was highest at 800 µmol·mol−1 CO2 for small and standard baby stages. At the teen green stage, plant productivity was similar for the two elevated CO2 concentrations. The FR substitution for R did not affect dry biomass accumulation at all CO2 concentrations tested, thus supporting equivalent photosynthetic action. A photomorphogenic effect of FR that elongated but did not increase the area of leaves persisted from the earliest to the most mature stage of crop development tested. The FR inclusion in the light recipe resulted in longer, thinner leaves with lower biomass compared to those without FR. At higher FR fluxes, purple pigmentation reduction occurred. However, the interaction of elevated CO2 with FR radiation counteracted purple pigment reduction caused by FR alone. Substitution of FR in the light recipe for indoor production of young ‘Rouxai’ lettuce at low limiting light intensity did not improve productivity, even in combination with elevated CO2.
Efficient higher-order matrix product operators for time evolution
Authors: Van Damme Maarten , Haegeman Jutho , McCulloch Ian , Vanderstraeten Laurens
Published: November 2024

We introduce a systematic construction of higher-order matrix product operator (MPO) approximations of the time evolution operator for generic (short and long range) one-dimensional Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the utility of our construction, by showing an order of magnitude speedup in simulation cost compared to conventional first-order MPO time evolution schemes.