bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Odd automorphisms of two generated braided free associative algebras
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mutalip R. , Naurazbekova A.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

It is proved that an endomorphism $\varphi$ of an braided free associative algebra in two generators over an arbitrary field $k$ with an involutive diagonal braiding $\tau = (- 1, -1, -1, -1)$ given by the rule $\varphi (x_1) = x_1, \, \varphi (x_2) = \alpha x_2 + \beta x^m_1,$ where $\alpha, \, \beta \in k, \, m $ is an odd number, is an odd automorphism. It is also proved that the linear endomorphism $\psi$ of this algebra is an automorphism if and only if $\psi$ is affine. It is shown that the group of all automorphisms of braided free associative algebra in two variables over an arbitrary field $ k $ with an involutive diagonal braiding $ \tau = (- 1, -1, -1, -1) $ coincides with the group of odd automorphisms of this algebra.
One the Lagrange multipliers rule in problems with the equality type constraints, given by quasi-differentiable functions
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Khachatryan R.A.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, there has been a steadily growing interest in the study of extremal problems with parameters that do not satisfy the standard smoothness assumptions. This is due to both theoretical needs and important practical applications in economics, technology, physics, and other sciences. Rough objects naturally arise in a several areas of systems analysis, nonlinear mechanics, and control processes. In the theory of extremal problems, the main interest is the behavior of functions in the vicinity of points where a local extremum is attained. The local behavior of nonsmooth functions is described by subgradients, which are analogs of the derivative of differentiable functions. Using the concepts of subdifferential and subgradient F. Clarke proved the Lagrange multiplier rule in mathematical programming problems with constraints of the type of equalities and inequalities defined by locally Lipschitz functions. However, there are subclasses of locally Lipschitz functions, the simplest examples of which show that the necessary conditions for an extremum obtained by F. Clarke are rather crude and do not allow one to discard obviously non-optimal points. Such a subclass of nonsmooth functions is the subspace of quasi-differentiable functions. In this article, using the Eckland variational principle, we obtain the Lagrange multiplier rule in terms of quasi-differentials. It is shown by examples that this condition is stronger than the necessary condition of F. Clarke.
About the solvability of the problem of nonlinear optimization of oscillatory processes with the appearance of special controls
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the first President of the Russian Federation B.N.Yeltsin, Kerimbekov A.K. , Doulbekova S.B. ,   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the first President of the Russian Federation B.N.Yeltsin
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the cases when special controls appear in nonlinear optimization of oscillatory processes, when the function of external influence depends non-linearly on the control parameter. Quality-managed process is to minimize the integral of the functional, that is, in the final moment of time square deviation of a controlled process from a given desired state was minimal. The study was conducted using a generalized solution of the boundary value problem, which more or less adequately describes the actual process. According to the well-known method of optimal control theory, the increment of the functional is calculated and the Pontryagin function is written out, which is studied for the maximum in the range of acceptable values of the control function. The optimal control conditions are written out in the form of equality and differential inequality, which must be fulfilled simultaneously. The case when the maximum principle degenerates is studied. It is established that the desired control satisfies an infinite-dimensional system of linear integral Fredholm equations of the first kind, the solvability of which is studied by operator methods. It is proved that the operator equation has infinitely many solutions and an algorithm for their construction is developed. Then the functional is minimized on the set of solutions of the operator equation. This problem has at least one solution that is the desired special optimal control.
Model of the dynamics of a tunnel and a shallow underground pipeline under the action of traffic loads
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling of MES RK, Alexeyeva L.A. , Ukrainets V.N. ,   Toraighyrov University
Published: March 2021

A mathematical model has been developed for the effect of transport loads on a tunnel reinforced with a multilayer shell and an underground multilayer pipeline at their shallow location. As a design scheme for these underground structures, an elastic cylindrical multilayer shell located in an elastic half-space (massif) is considered. The displacementof the layers of the shell and the elastic half-space is described by the Lame equations in a moving coordinate system. Ananalytical solution is obtained for the problem of determining the components of the stress-strain state of a rock mass and a shell at arbitrary loading speeds in the subsonic case, when the transport load moves at a speed lower than the propagation velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in the rock and shell. The results of computer experiments are presented, which illustrate the stress-strain state of the pipeline and the earth’s surface under moving axisymmetric traffic loads.
TO KNOW ABOUT THE CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN WITH NON VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS ON LONG TERM FOLLOW UP
Authors: Sharma Satyendra , Kalwadiya Keshrimal
Published: March 2021

Background & Method: This was an observational study of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation conducted at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas. All 50 patients presenting to the outpatient/inpatient services of Department of Medicine and Cardiology with a diagnosis of non valvular atrial fibrillation, either chronic or paroxysmal.

Result: During the course of study, 2 patients (2%) developed ischemic stroke, 12 (12%) patients were hospitalized for heart failure, 12 (12%) patients died and minor bleeding occurred in 3 (3%) patients while no patient had any major bleeding.

Conclusion: No major bleeding complication occurred during study period. However, three episodes of minor bleeding occurred giving an event rate 2% per year. All the minor bleeding episodes occurred in patients taking combined warfarin and antiplatelet.

Keywords: cardiovascular, non valvular atrial & fibrillation
TACHYCARDIA MISDIAGNOSED AS PSYCHOTIC MENTAL ILLNESS.
Authors: Aggarwala Karan R Gregg
Published: March 2021

Many people with similar or related life challenges may decide not to share personal information of the kind described in the present memoir. My sharing is intended in defense of my cognitive salience: despite having been diagnosed as supposedly “psychotic.” It is my hope that this memoir might help tip the scales in favor of “psycho-social” rather than “in-your-head,” models of personality disorder (1, 2, 3). Superior psychological models can be found (4); even before the gross statistics of Charles Spearman (1863 to 1945), AND before the forced conditioning experimentations of Ivan Pavlov (1849 to 1936), AND as well before the dubious Oral-Anal Hypothesis of Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939). Some of these models (4) were presented by names such as Francis Galton (1822 to 1911), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821 to 1894), and Wilhelm Wundt (1832 to 1920): leaders of the subject area-domains commonly referred to as Experimental Psychology and Sensory Physiology.
The Impact of Green Energy-saving Construction of Architectural Engineering on the Human Settlement Environment of Traditional Villages
Authors: Wu Ersilin
Published: March 2021

The human settlement environment is the basic and necessary condition for realizing development. At present, there are still a certain number of traditional villages in many areas. Improving the rural human settlements environment plays a particularly important role in ensuring regional development. The improvement of the living environment of traditional villages should be based on the green and energy-saving construction of construction projects to improve the living conditions of the population, ensure the functionality and quantity of public facilities, and raise environmental sanitation standards. These contents are also key factors for building a well-off society and an urgent need for the village population to improve the quality of life.
Coaching Tutorial System: use case matter of degree seminar
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Rodríguez Aguilar Rosa María , Niño Membrillo Yedid Erandini , Razo Sánchez Rocío Selene
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a training program on the level of working memory in a sample of university students. For this, a quasi-experimental study with an active control group was implemented in 29 students of basic teaching and computer systems, applying complex span tasks before and after the intervention. For training, multimídia routines were used for the experimental group and an academic essay elaboration workshop for the control group. The pre-test confirmed intergroup statistical equality for all the measurements used and the post-test, in favor of the experimental group, detected significant difference and large effect size in visuospatial memory and non-significant with medium size, for verbal memory. Additionally, the Raven’s Matrices test was applied to determine effects of training on intelligence, finding no significant difference. Therefore, it is concluded that training based on multimedia routines did not generate gains in intelligence or in working memory, in its verbal domain, although it did in its visual-spatial domain. However, the results must be taken with reservations, due to the limitation represented by the size of the sample, which, if corrected in future interventions, may enrich the findings on the means to improve working memory.
Knowledge Graph to determine the domain of learning in Higher Education
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, México, Hernández-Almazán Jorge Arturo , Lumbreras-Vega Juan Diego , Amaya Amaya Arturo , Machucho-Cadena Rubén
Published: March 2021

The representing of a student’s knowledge in an academic discipline plays an important role in boosting the student’s skills. To support stakeholders in the educational domain, it is necessary to provide them with robust assessment strategies that facilitate the teaching-learning process. Student´s mastery is determined by the degree of knowledge, which demonstrates objectively, on the topics included in the different areas that make up an academic discipline. Although there is a wide variety of techniques to represent knowledge, particularly Knowledge Graph technique is becoming relevant due to the structured approach and benefits it offers. This paper proposes a method that classifies and weights the nodes (topics) of a Knowledge Graph of a disciplinary area, which is analyzed through a case study. The method has two approaches: avoid exhaustive evaluation of the nodes and weight the nodes with adequate precision. Method´s application is illustrated by a case study. As results, a Knowledge Graph is obtained with its classified and weighted nodes through the application of the proposed method, in which 100% of the topics have been impacted through the objective evaluation of 20.8% representing 10 nodes. It is concluded that the proposed method has potential to be used in the representation and management of knowledge, being necessary to improve phases’ iteration to condition number of objective nodes.
Challenges faced by the tutors of the Polivirtual system
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Peinado Camacho José de Jesús
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research was to document experiences on tutorials from the perspective of tutors of the Polivirtual system at the National Polytechnic Institute. The work opted for a qualitative methodology and followed the research question: What challenges do tutors face in the Polivirtual system? The study was non-experimental, with a cross-sectional and exploratory design, and used a nonprobabilistic and heterogeneou sample. The results obtained showed that the tutorial action is based on constant challenges, skills, strategies, digital media and the experiences of the tutors themselves. In addition, the research provided useful information about the tutor and their challenges in the Polivirtual system, while finding new trends and data whitin this topic, relevant for future and more introspective investigations. It is concluded that the tutorial activity alternates with other academic, administrative, training and even personal activities, which should be understood as challenges faced by tutors, although not generalizable or definitive.
Digital educational strategies to support basic engineering science courses
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México, Justo López Araceli Celina , Castro García Lorena , Aguilar Salinas Wendolyn Elizabeth , de las Fuentes Lara Maximiliano
Published: March 2021

In this paper there are described some educational strategies based on virtual learning environments, which were implemented in engineering programs with the purpose of mitigating failure rates in basic stage subjects. Based on a case study at the University of Baja California, the causes of failure for the period 2013 to 2016 were diagnosed, and subsequently, from 2017 to 2019, the implementation of four support strategies began. An analysis of the behavior of the failure rates before and after the implementation of the strategies was made, and the results show up that both the failure levels in five subjects as well as the student lag decreased. Even though the strategies applied in this study are replicable, and the use of virtual learning environments supports students’ academic performance, it is still necessary to expand the research to measure the impact of additional strategies that were put in to practice simultaneously.
Teaching models on good teaching practices in virtual classrooms
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México, Véliz Salazar Miriam Iliana , Gutiérrez Marfileño Victoria Eugenia
Published: March 2021

The study of good educational practices in virtual classrooms is focused on knowing the characteristics of pedagogical experiences that have been successful for the achievement of learning. However, in the studies published to date, a coincident approach that integrates the characteristics that distinguish good practices and the traits that are relevant to assess pedagogical interventions in virtual classrooms is not identified. Faced with this situation, this paper presents a comparative analysis of teaching models on good educational practices in virtual education, to identify the characteristics of effective practice. A bibliographic review consisting of 11 proposals and 25 evaluation features is synthesized; in which it was found that continuous feedback, interactivity, knowing the student’s needs, multisensory teaching materials and promoting active learning are some of the most successful practices. Based on these results, it is concluded that the characterization of good educational practices in virtual classrooms is more focused on pedagogical strategies than on the technological supports of virtual education, therefore, the interest of teachers considered effective in their practice, is inclined towards their didactic and academic specialization.
Digital skills of the high school teacher in the face of emergency remote teaching
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, México, González Fernández María Obdulia
Published: March 2021

A diagnosis of the digital competencies of high school teachers applied at the beginning of emergency remote teaching due to Covid-19 is presented. The degree of knowledge was analyzed from the resignations of technological literacy and communication tools, the use of educational methodologies with information and communication technologies (ICT), the attitude towards the use of technology in teaching and the levels of teacher training. The present study is of a quantitative descriptive correlate nature; as an instrument a Likert-type survey was used, applied to 508 subjects from the technological baccalaureate subsystem. The results show that at the beginning of the pandemic the teacher had knowledge regarding the use of social networks, email and the word processors, however, they were unaware of the use of educational platforms for virtual teaching. The levels of association between the variables show that the development of their digital skills is related to both the institution of origin and the age of the teachers. This work help to understand that teachers went through in the development of fundamental teaching competencies for distance learning through technological means.
Biochemical changes in ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula l.) cultivars induced by root knot nematodes
Authors: Pandey Ritu Kumari , Nayak DK
Published: March 2021

Biochemical changes in different ridge gourd cultivars inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita were investigated. All the parameters showed higher activity during post infection period, both at shoots and roots level. Cultivar Priya had significant higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) than rest of the cultivars in infected shoots. However, it had only significant higher PAL expression in infected roots of Harsha cultivar of ridge gourd. All the cultivars showed non-significant changes in infected shoots for tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) contents. In infected roots, culture BSS 1009 showed significant increase in TAL than cultivars Harsha and Aarti, however Priya only had significant higher expression of TAL than culture Harsha. For peroxidase contains, all the cultivars displayed significant variation at infected shoots and roots level. Highest increase in peroxidase was noticed in resistant than susceptible cultivars in infected shoots of different ridge gourd cultivars. In general, with few exceptions resistant cultivars had higher catalase activity both in infected shoots and roots of different ridge gourd cultivars.
Effects of different sources of light as night break on growth characteristics of Korean chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Bala Madhu
Published: March 2021

Longer photoperiods in the form of night break (NB) were applied in chrysanthemum to inhibit the flower bud differentiation for regulating the production and supply in the market. The present study reports the effect of three sources of light (Incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent lights (CFL) and light emitting diodes-LED) as NB treatment on ten genotypes of Korean chrysanthemum for two years i.e. 2015 and 2016. The NB treatment with LED lights resulted in increased internodal length (8.20 and 9.00 mm), partitioning coefficient (30.50 and 31.50), number of stomata per unit area (56.08 and 56.87), anthocyanins (8.99 and 9.16 mg/g) and carotenoids (28.11 and 28.39 mg/g). However, leaf thickness, petiole length, leaf area index, and leaf weight ratio were affected non-significantly. But petiole girth was recorded maximum (1.22 and 1.49 mm) under incandescent bulbs which was at par with LED and significantly higher than CFL.
Desiccation sensitivity of wild Castanea mollissima Blume determined by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Han Biao , Lu Lu , Guo Su-Juan , Li Wen-Qing , Xie Xiao-Man
Published: March 2021

Thermal properties of wild Castanea mollissima seeds embryos with different moisture contents, and the optimal moisture contents for cryopreservation were studied. Seeds of similar size and weight (3.5 ± 0.3g) were put in silica gel at 0 to 7 days, embryo moisture content, viability and thermal properties were measured everyday. The results showed that the onset temperature and the crystallization peak of the mean enthalpy decreased with the decrease of embryo moisture content. Exothermic peak disappeared when the seeds were dried for 4 days, with an embryo moisture content of 0.45 ± 0.15 gH2O/g dw. The unfrozen water content (WCu) was 0.247 gH2O/g dw. The optimal water content was found to be 0.45 ± 0.15 gH2O/g dw, with the survival of 76.2%. Castanea mollissima embryonic axes dehydration needs comprehensive consideration of exothermic peak, unfrozen water content, onset temperature and viability loss.
Effects of drought stress on pigment and protein contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in five varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Saha Shukanta , Begum Hasna Hena , Nasrin Shamima , Samad Rifat
Published: March 2021

Drought stress caused the decrease of pigment contents - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll content and carotenoids content of leaves of five rice varieties (var. BRRI Dhan-30, BRRI Dhan-32, BRRI Dhan-34, BRRI Dhan-38 and BRRI Dhan-56). Among five rice varieties, BRRI Dhan- 56 showed the least decrease of pigment content under stress. It caused the decrease of protein content of leaves of five rice varieties whereas BRRI Dhan-56 showed the least decrease (3.64%) of protein content under stress. On the other hand, drought stress increased CAT and SOD activities in the leaf of five varieties of rice and BRRI Dhan-56 showed the highest increase of CAT (37.67%) and SOD (94.17%) activity under stress. It may be assumed that higher antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and SOD) and less reduction of protein content were related to the mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice. It is indicated that BRRI Dhan- 56 may be drought tolerant while BRRI Dhan-30, BRRI Dhan-32, BRRI Dhan-34 and BRRI Dhan-38 were drought sensitive rice varieties. Drought tolerant rice variety is selected based on pigment content, protein content and antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT and SOD).
Characterization of chlorophyll deficient mutants in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: Wani Mohammad Rafiq
Published: March 2021

A wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was obtained in M2 generation following mutagenesis with MMS, HZ and SA. All these chlorophyll deficient mutants were lethal except maculata, viridis and virescent. MMS treatments induced the highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations followed by HZ and SA. The frequency of chlorophyll mutations was dose dependent and increased with increasing concentrations of all the three mutagens utilized. Chlorina followed by xantha outnumbered the other types of chlorophyll mutants with all the three mutagens. Based on effectiveness, the order of mutagens was HZ > SA > MMS. Two criteria viz., pollen sterility (Mp/S) and seedling injury (Mp/I) were taken into consideration to determine the efficiency of the mutagens. With regard to these criteria, MMS mutagen was found to be the most efficient followed by HZ and SA. Lower concentrations of all the three mutagens were most effective and efficient in inducing chlorophyll mutations.
Antioxidant phenolic compounds from Chinese white olive (Canarium album L.)
Authors: Xiang Zhaobao , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Xingyu , Chen Gang
Published: March 2021

To find antioxidant compounds from Chinese white olive (CWO) based on bioassay-guided method, the ethanol extract and corresponding 4 fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS assay. The results revealed that the AcOEt fraction had the most potent antioxidant activity. Further, six compounds isolated from the AcOEt fraction, and their structure were identified as (-)-epicatechin gallate (i), ellagic acid (ii), gallic acid (iii), (-)-epigallocatechin (iv), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (v) and kaempferol (VI) by MS and NMR spectrum. Compounds I, IV and V were isolated and identified from CWO for the first time. All the compounds (I-VI) exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Among them, compound III showed best antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS+ assay. The phenolic compounds from CWO with potent antioxidant activities were responsible for the antioxidant activity of CWO extract.
Antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of n-butanol extract of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leaves
Authors: Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad
Published: March 2021

Dry leaves of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were extracted in methanol and its n-butanol fraction was separated. Solvent was evaporated and antifungal bioassays were carried out against Macrophomina phaseolina using different concentrations (1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/ml) of the extract in malt extract broth. The entire set of concentrations significantly controlled the fungal growth. The lowermost concentration of the extract (1.562 mg/ml) reduced M. phaseolina biomass by 62% over control while all other concentrations completely controlled fungal growth. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 20 compounds in this fraction. Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol was the predominant compound with peak area of 15.14% followed by 1-butanol, 3-methyl- (11.87%), β-sitosterol (9.93%), γ-sitosterol (8.84%), butane, 2-[1-methylethyl) thio]- (6.51%), cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethoxy- (6.27%), stigmasterol (5.98%) and stigmastanol (4.57%). The compounds such as 1-butanol, 3-methyl-; γ-sitosterol and stigmasterol present in n-butanol fraction of methanolic leaf extract of quinoa are highly and likely to be responsible for antifungal activity against M. phaseolina.
Response of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) to PGPR inoculation
Authors: Anuradha - , Goyal RK , Sindhu SS
Published: March 2021

Investigation was carried out to study the effect of Pseudomonas strains on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. The growth yield and quality of fruits were significantly influenced by various Pseudomonas strains. Root inoculations with selected bacteria significantly increased yield per plant (1.00 - 26.89%) and average fruit weight (0.64 - 11.89%) compared to control. Regarding various physico-chemical characters, viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content of fruits, inoculation of Pseudomonas strain CP109 exhibited significantly enhanced values. The results indicated that inoculation with Pseudomonas strains could be an ecofriendly and cost-effective technology for improving the growth, yield and quality of strawberry.
Eriobotrya fusca sp. nov. (Rosaceae) from Yunnan province, China
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Pathak Mitra Lal , Gao Xin-Fen
Published: March 2021

Eriobotrya fusca Kuan ex Gao & Idrees, belonging to the family Rosaceae, a new species from Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated based on both morphological and molecular data. The new species resembles closely morphologically to E. salwinensis Hand.-Mazz., but differs from it by having elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate leaves, fewer pairs of lateral veins (12 - 15), lanceolate bracteoles, absent of pedicels, peduncles ca. 10 mm long, both densely brown tomentose, suborbicular petals with emarginate apices, triangular sepals with acute apices, and styles that are connate at their base. The phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequences confirmed the distinctiveness of this new species.
Leaf area index retrieval of urban vegetation based on sentinel-2 data in Zhongshan, South China
Authors: Cai Jiannan , Jiang Qiancai , Shi Yafei , Wang Jiabin
Published: March 2021

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important indicator of vegetation growth and health monitoring. The free access of Sentinel-2 optical satellite data from European Space Agency (ESA) since June 2015 made it possible to determine dynamic monitoring of LAI in a large area and a short re-entry period, owing to its high spatial resolution (up to 10 m) and unique band combination. These features of Sentinel-2 may bring great application potential in urban forestry management and ecological environment monitoring. In case of Zhongshan city in Guangdong Province, based on Sentinels Application Platform (SNAP) software and two scenes of Sentinel-2 data, LAI of the whole city, as well as specific areas, were retrieved and analyzed. The retrieval result was consistent with the ecological spatial pattern and the vegetation protection status in Zhongshan city, also highly consistent with the field LAI measurement in the forest in a reservoir. The result indicates that this method has good applicability and accuracy in urban LAI inversion.
Silver nanoparticles from Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. fruits extract and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Mostafa Mahmoud , Al-Emam Ahmed , Sayed Mahmoud , Alamri Saad , Alghamdil Huda , Shati Ali , Alrumman Sulaiman , Alfaify Abdul Khaleg
Published: March 2021

An easy and ecofriendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles from different stages of ripening fruit extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi is demonstrated. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a surface resonance peak at 423, 428 and 438 nm corresponding to the formation of AgNPs from ripened, unripened and young fruits, respectively. On the basis of XRD analysis the particle size of three stages of fruit ripening was found to range between 16.5 and 50.76 nm and all had silver metal which was confirmed by EDX. The inhibitory efficacy of AgNPs increased with the ripening progress such as ripened fruit > unripened fruit > young fruit against all tested human pathogenic microbes.
Comparative assessment of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of green tea made by microwave assisted and stove heating
Authors: Javad Sumera , Ahmad Asma , Akhtar Iqra , Ghaffar Nadia , Jabeen Khajista
Published: March 2021

Efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and a commonly practiced brewing method, i.e. heating on stove were compared for preparation of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.). The steeping time was invariant as 2 min. Three green tea samples (Lipton, Tapal and local herbal green tea) were used in the present experiment. Results showed that microwave extracts had significantly higher quantities of phenolics and flavonoids from all tea samples as compared to conventional stove heating. Moreover, microwave assisted extraction showed highest amount (2.19%) of gallic acid in Lipton green tea while the Quercetin content (1.23%) was found invariable in the samples.
Karyotypic diversity among eight Zea mays L. varieties
Authors: Dash Chandan Kumar , Begum Kazi Nahida , Sultana Syeda Sharmeen
Published: March 2021

Staining property of interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes, diploid chromosome number, total chromosome length (TCL), symmetric and asymmetric indices of karyotype were studied in eight maize varieties released by BARI. 2n = 20 chromosomes were found in Barnali, Mohor, Khoi Vhutta, BS-1, B-5 and BM-7 whereas 2n = 22 chromosomes in China and 2n = 24 chromosomes in B-73 were observed. TCL was highest in Mohor (190.49 ± 5.61 μm) and lowest in B-73 (69.30 ± 2.51 μm). These varieties showed significant variation in cytogenetical parameters. Results obtained are expected to supplement genetic identification of maize varieties in variety conservation efforts.
Genotypic potentiality and selection index of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.)
Authors: Ahmed Ayasha , Tarafder Jahangir Alam , Hoassain Mohammad Kamal , Alam Nazmul
Published: March 2021

Fifteen ridge gourd genotypes were investigated to select the superior genotypes. The overall analysis reveals that PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits. Significant variation was found among genotypes for the qualitative traits under divergence analysis. The selection index reveals that maximum genetic gain and relative efficiency over selection for yield was obtained for the index I123 based on yield/plant (g), No. of secondary branch, No. of male flower/plant characters. In the presented functions, selection index I1234 and I12345 showed highest relative efficiency over direct selection and genetic gain when all the characters were included to construct the selection index. On the basis of performance, the genotype-3023 was found to be most promising parent in order to develop a commercial ridge gourd variety.
Response of antioxidative system of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. to terminal heat stress
Authors: Mohan Narender , Kumari Nisha , Jattan Minakshi , Avtar Ram , Rani Babita , Sushil -
Published: March 2021

A differential response to terminal heat stress was observed on enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant system of two thermo-tolerant genotypes viz., RGN-368 & RH-1566 and two thermo-sensitive genotypes viz., RH-1134 & RH-0749 in leaves of Indian mustard. The antioxidative enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase showed higher activity in leaves of two thermo-tolerant genotypes as compared to thermo-sensitive. Terminal heat stress resulted in concomitant increase in non-enzymatic components like carotenoids, ascorbic acid and proline in all the genotypes but maximum increase was observed in thermo-tolerant genotypes. A remarkable accumulation was observed in oxidative stress indicators i.e., malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage in all the genotypes, whereas, significant increase was observed in thermo-sensitive genotypes as compared to thermo-tolerant. It is inferred that leaves of thermo-tolerant genotypes tend to attain greater capacity to perform reaction of antioxidative pathway under the condition of terminal heat stress to combat thermo-induced oxidative stress.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Neonate
Authors: Shirin Mahfuza
Published: March 2021

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 3-7
Is COVID-19 Infection A Great Risk for Children?
Authors: Mohammed Hanif -
Published: March 2021

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 1-2
Assessment of Iron Status in Hemoglobin E and b Thalassemia Carriers
Authors: Karim Md Anwarul , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub , Md Selimuzzaman - , Miah MA Mannan
Published: March 2021

Background: About 10-13% people of Bangladesh are carrier of HbE and b- thalassaemia. Many program have been taken by Government and NGOs for supplementation of iron to raise hemoglobin level of children which may not be beneficial or might be harmful to the carriers of this disease.

Objectives: of the study was to assess the iron status of Hemoglobin E and b thalassemia carriers thereby to develop iron supplementation strategy for these carriers.

Methods: This cross sectional analytic study was on 206 carriers of Hemoglobin E and b thalassemia and 54 healthy controls. Complete blood count with RBC indices, Hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis and serum ferritin, serum iron and TIBC were carried out for all subjects following standard protocol. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 12.

Results: Among 260 subjects 206 were carriers and 54 were control. Number of male was 137 and female was 123 and male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Age of the subjects ranges from 1 year to 59 years with a mean age (±SEM) of 23.07± 0.84 years. Mean age (±SEM) of cases was 22.78 ± 0.971 years and that of control was 24.17 ± 1.63 years. Hematological parameters such as mean (±SEM) Hb concentration, MCV, MCH, and MCHC of carriers were significantly low as compared to the control (p value < 0.01 in all comparison). Mean serum ferritin and iron level in carriers were higher than control however; statistical significance between the values were not found (p value >0.5). Out of 206 carriers 27 (13.1%) cases had IDA and it’s frequency was similar among HbE (14.2%) and thalassemia carriers (12.2%) and prevalence of IDA among the carriers were high (37.5 %) in age group 1-5 years which rises to 52.5% in under nourished children.

Conclusion: Carriers of HbE and b thalassemia do have relatively higher iron profile as compared to control but not statistically significant. Iron deficiency anemia is not uncommon in carriers especially in children. So there is no contraindication of iron supplementation to the children in general.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 25-33
Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in a Slam of Dhaka City and Influence of Immunization and Socio-economic Condition on Malnutrition
Authors: Hoque Md Aynal , Alam Hossain Sahid Kamrul , Sayeed Md Abu
Published: March 2021

Background: In slum area there is a very high prevalence of malnutrition. Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to immunization, socio economic condition and repeated infections, particularly in underprivileged population.

Objectives: To observe the nutritional status and effect of immunization and socio economic condition on malnutrition among under-5 children in a selected slum of Dhaka city.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 384 under-5 children randomly selected from PWD slum in Dhaka city. It was carried out during January- 2013 to December-2014. Anthropometric measurements like wasting was determined from weight for height Z-score, stunting was determined from height for age Z-score, underweight was determined from weight for age Z-score and malnutrition also assessed by Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: In this study in slum 40.36% were found malnourished according to MUAC, according to weight for height Z-score wasting was present in 29.43% children, according to height for age Z-score stunting was found in 28.39% and according to weight for age Z-score underweight was found in 46.89% children. There is a decreased number of malnutrition cases when family income rise. Out of the 384 study children 68% were completely immunized, 16.9% were incompletely immunized and rest 15.1% were not immunized. Number of MUAC malnutrition, wasting, stunting and underweight cases increases in cases of incomplete immunization and no immunization.

Conclusions: Overall, nutritional status of the under-5 child of slum of PWD is not satisfactory. Family income and immunization status plays role in malnutrition. So socioeconomic condition should improve and mass immunization programshould be implemented in urban slum areas.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 34-38
Chronic Diarrhea in Children: Experience at A Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Sayeed Maimuna , Md Benzamin - , Khadga Mukesh , Fathema Kaniz , Nahid Khan Lamia , Begum Fahmida , Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Md Rukunuzzaman - , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic diarrhea is insidious onset that persists for 14 days and more, usually of noninfectious origin. Chronic diarrhea in children is not an uncommon problem in our country.

Objectives: Objective of this study was to evaluate children with chronic diarrhea by clinical-biochemical profile and outcome.

Methods: It was a retrospective observational study done in the department of paediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, BSMMU. The study was done during January 2017 through December 2018. Forty-five patients diagnosed as chronic diarrhea between the ages of 6 months to 18 years were included in this study. We Clinical, laboratory data and outcome of patients were analyzed.

Results: Mean age of children was 5.96±2.3 year, 60%(27) were male and 40% (18) were female. Among them under 5 years were 55%(25). All children presented with diarrhea (100%) along with fever (24%), FTT (22%), abdominal pain (20%) and weight loss (20%). About 58% of children had anemia and 14% had hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Raised ESR (40%), leukocytosis (20%), thrombocytosis (16%), raised CRP (13%) and electrolyte imbalance (16%) were observed. Intestinal TB (18%) was the most common etiology of chronic diarrhea. Moreover, chronic constipation with fecal incontinence mimicking diarrhea (11%), IBD (9%), coeliac disease (8%), IBS (7%), HIV enteropathy (4%), primary immunodeficiency disorder (4%) were also found. Improvement of diarrhea was observed in 96% children, 4% patient died due to diarrhea-related complications.

Conclusion: Chronic diarrhea in children is not uncommon in Bangladesh and diagnosis of etiologies are challenging. Intestinal tuberculosis found to be an important cause of chronic diarrhea in this study. Although in the majority of the cases, etiology could not be identified, some remote etiologies were found on this study, like chronic constipation with fecal incontinence mimicking diarrhea, IBD, HIV enteropathy, primary immunodeficiency.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 46-51
Diagnosis and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Newborn: An Update
Authors: Haque Gazi Mohammad Imranul , Sarkar Probir Kumar
Published: March 2021

Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the common congenital acyanotic heart disease in neonates, especially in preterm. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital condition, characterized by a persistent connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Patency of Ductus Arteriosus is essential for fetal survival. Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most common clinical findings and most frequent source of complications in premature infant. After birth, in term infants, the ductus usually closes within the first day of life, starting with functional closure followed by anatomical closure with vascular remodeling. The persistence of the PDA in preterm infant is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. The incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus is 31% in preterm infant weighing 501 to 1500 gm and gestational age 29 weeks. The treatment options available are conservative medical management, pharmacological therapy or surgical ligation. Conservative medical management involves fluid restriction; watchful waiting and ventilator support.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 61-66
Students Qualified from Bangladesh Institute of Child Health Vol 36(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: March 2021

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 82
Trapianto renale da donatore vivente
Authors: Tsalouchos Aris , Salvadori Maurizio
Published: March 2021

Kidney transplant is the best therapy to manage end-stage kidney failure. The main barriers limiting this therapy are scarcity of cadaveric donors and the comorbidities of the patients with end-stage kidney failure, which prevent the transplant. Living kidney donor transplant makes it possible to obviate the problem of scarcity of cadaveric donor organs and also presents better results than those of cadaveric transplant. The principal indication of living kidney donor transplant is preemptive transplant. This allows the patient to avoid the complications of dialysis and it has also been demonstrated that it has better results than the transplant done after dialysis has been initiated. Priority indications of living donor transplant are also twins and HLA identical siblings. We also have very favorable conditions when the donor is young and male. On the contrary, the living donor transplant will have worse results if the donors are over 60-65 years and the recipients are young, and this can be a relative contraindication. There is an absolute contraindication for the living donation when the recipient has diseases with high risk of aggressive relapse in the grafts: focal and segmental hyalinosis that had early relapse in the first transplant; atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome due to deficit or malfunction of the complement regulatory proteins; early development of glomerulonephritis due to anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in patients with Alport syndrome; primary hyperoxaluria.

Extreme caution should also be taken in the evaluation of the kidney donors. The risks of developing renal failure or other complications are low if an adequate pre-donation evaluation has been made according to the international guidelines.
Expediente
Authors: Paubrasilia Revista
Published: March 2021

Expediente
A relação Meio Ambiente e Saúde através das concepções de estudantes e professores(as) dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Machado Filho Márcio da Mota , Ávila Maurício Cendón do Nascimento , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Pessano Edward Frederico Castro
Published: March 2021

Após a nova definição de saúde elaborada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (1946), que definiu a mesma como um estado de completo bem-estar físico, mental e social, e não apenas como a ausência de doença ou enfermidade, diversos eventos internacionais e nacionais científicos foram promovidos visando a qualidade de vida, onde elementos como o meio ambiente e seu reflexo socioambiental foram contemplados como fatores condicionantes da saúde. No Brasil, documentos orientadores e normativos educacionais incorporaram os temas meio ambiente e saúde como fundamentais no processo de ensino, onde os mesmos devem ser contextualizados e abordados de forma transversal. Sendo assim, o presente estudo buscou diagnosticar o conhecimento de estudantes concluintes do Ensino Fundamental, bem como de professores sobre a relação “Meio ambiente e Saúde”, em quatro escolas municipais de Alegrete/RS, selecionadas aleatoriamente, que, no entanto, se localizassem em contextos socioambientais distintos. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, adaptados ao método de pesquisa de survey, onde para as respostas abertas-dissertativas foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016). A metodologia utilizada oportunizou evidenciar possíveis potencialidades e fragilidades em relação à articulação da temática “Meio ambiente e Saúde” decorrentes de seus contextos distintos, assim como, revelar o entendimento dos docentes, considerando sua transversalidade. A partir dos resultados observados, podemos concluir que o ensino de meio ambiente e saúde ocorre, entretanto, de forma fragmentada e limitada, onde determinados aspectos são privilegiados devido a confusão de concepções observadas sobre a temática.
Універсальні стандарти людяності як концептуальні засади антропоцентричного праворозуміння
Authors: РАБІНОВИЧ ПЕТРО
Published: March 2021

У статті висвітлюється низка аспектів фундаментальних прав людини, на яких зазвичай базуються сучасні природноправові концепції. Зокрема, обґрунтовується, що достатньо коректним позначенням таких прав може бути термін “буттєві”. Доводиться, що їхня соціальна сутність полягає у забезпеченні задоволення життєво необхідних потреб людини у соціумі. Найважливішими з таких потреб є насамперед повага до людської гідності, а також достатні для людини та її сім’ї їжа, одяг і житло. Конструюється дефініція поняття “міжнародні стандарти людських прав”. Аналізується універсальний стандарт заборони нелюдського поводження, у зв’язку з чим попередньо обґрунтовується розуміння універсального стандарту людяного (людиннісного) поводження. Спираючись на зазначені всесвітні стандарти, з позиції потребового дослідницького підходу робиться спроба нетрадиційно аргументувати інтегральне людиноцентричне праворозуміння. У його основу покладено уявлення про те, що поняттям “право” можуть бути відображені можливості задоволення потреб людини, які забезпечуються соціальними обов’язками інших суб’єктів суспільства.
Правовість (належність до права) тих чи інших явищ обумовлюється їхньою здатністю слугувати умовами або ж засобами задоволення людських потреб. Означена властивість таких явищ формується тільки в процесі соціальної практики людей, їхніх взаємозв’язків, і вже внаслідок цього право є явищем соціальним. Тому воно виникає у результаті “зустрічі” людських потреб із зовнішніми щодо них явищами, які здатні названі потреби задовольняти. У процесі потребозадоволення відбувається інтегрування об’єктивних властивостей певних явищ (як природничих, так і соціальних) в існування людських індивідів та їхніх груп. І тоді такі властивості, набувши (відповідно до зазначеного праворозуміння) правового характеру, занурюються, впроваджуються, втілюються у людське існування. Адекватним відображенням такої ситуації може бути термінологічний вираз “право у людині”.
У статті також наводиться авторська дефініція поняття “гідність людини”, опублікована ще у 2002 р. У результаті споживання потребокорисних (правових) явищ людина, реалізуючи відповідні можливості, задовольняє свої потреби, нормалізує, “заспокоює” своє існування у соціумі. Отже, саме людина стає тим системоутворю-ючим стрижнем, навколо якого в її існування, життєдіяльність інтегруються зазначені явища.