Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts
Authors: Kreibich Heidi , Schröter Kai , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Van Loon Anne F. , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Abeshu Guta Wakbulcho , Agafonova Svetlana , AghaKouchak Amir , Aksoy Hafzullah , Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Aznar Blanca , Balkhi Laila , Barendrecht Marlies H. , Biancamaria Sylvain , Bos-Burgering Liduin , Bradley Chris , Budiyono Yus , Buytaert Wouter , Capewell Lucinda , Carlson Hayley , Cavus Yonca , Couasnon Anaïs , Coxon Gemma , Daliakopoulos Ioannis , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Delus Claire , Erfurt Mathilde , Esposito Giuseppe , François Didier , Frappart Frédéric , Freer Jim , Frolova Natalia , Gain Animesh K. , Grillakis Manolis , Grima Jordi Oriol , Guzmán Diego A. , Huning Laurie S. , Ionita Monica , Kharlamov Maxim , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Kieboom Natalie , Kireeva Maria , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo , Li Hong-Yi , LLasat Maria Carmen , Macdonald David , Mård Johanna , Mathew-Richards Hannah , McKenzie Andrew , Mejia Alfonso , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario , Mens Marjolein , Mobini Shifteh , Mohor Guilherme Samprogna , Nagavciuc Viorica , Ngo-Duc Thanh , Nguyen Huynh Thi Thao , Nhi Pham Thi Thao , Petrucci Olga , Quan Nguyen Hong , Quintana-Seguí Pere , Razavi Saman , Ridolfi Elena , Riegel Jannik , Sadik Md Shibly , Sairam Nivedita , Savelli Elisa , Sazonov Alexey , Sharma Sanjib , Sörensen Johanna , Souza Felipe Augusto Arguello , Stahl Kerstin , Steinhausen Max , Stoelzle Michael , Szalińska Wiwiana , Tang Qiuhong , Tian Fuqiang , Tokarczyk Tamara , Tovar Carolina , Tran Thi Van Thu , van Huijgevoort Marjolein H. J. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Wagener Thorsten , Wang Yueling , Wendt Doris E. , Wickham Elliot , Yang Long , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Ward Philip J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of
the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and
impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and
climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive,
empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex
human–water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a
benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in
covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in
the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).