bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Republic or a Prince Should Not Delay in Rewarding Men Even in Situations of Necessity
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

The Romans happily succeeded in being generous to the populace once danger arose, and when Porsenna came to attack Rome to restore the Tarquins, (even though the senate, suspecting that the plebeians preferred to accept the kings rather than to sustain a war, relieved them...
Citizens Who Have Held the Highest Offices Should Not Disdain the Lesser Ones
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

The Romans had made Marcus Fabius and G. Manlius consuls and had won a most glorious victory over the Veientes and the Etruscans, during which Quintus Fabius, brother of the consul, who had served as consul the year before, died. At this point, it should...
How Easily Men May Be Corrupted
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

It should also be noted, in this matter of the decemvirate, how easily men may be corrupted and how they may transform themselves and give themselves a completely different nature, no matter how good and well educated they may be: consider how the young men...
Men Rise from One Ambition to Another; and First They Seek to Avoid Injury, Then They Injure Others
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

When the Roman people had recovered their liberty and returned to their original condition, and it was all the greater to the extent that they had passed many new laws confirming the city’s strength, it seemed likely that Rome would once again become more tranquil....
Although Men May Deceive Themselves in General Questions, They Do Not Do So in the Particulars
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

As was discussed above, when the Roman people had grown sick and tired of the title of consul and wanted either to create consuls from among the plebeians or to curtail the consular authority, the nobility, in order to avoid corrupting consular authority with one...
Rome Became a Great City by Destroying the Surrounding Cities and by Freely Receiving Foreigners into Its Ranks
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

‘A result of the fall of Alba was an increase in the size of Rome.’* Those who design a city to create a great empire must strive with great diligence to fill it full of inhabitants, because without this abundance of...
Republics Have Employed Three Methods of Expansion
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Anyone who has studied the ancient histories discovers that republics have employed three methods of expansion. One is that which the ancient Etruscans employed, which consisted of a confederation of many republics in which none surpassed the others in either authority or rank; and as...
How Much Land the Romans Gave to Their Colonists
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

I believe it is difficult to discover the truth about the amount of land the Romans distributed to each colonist, since I think they gave more or less according to the places where they sent their colonies. It can be assumed that in...
Wealth Is Not, Contrary to Popular Opinion, the Sinew of Warfare
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Because anyone can begin a war but cannot bring it to a conclusion whenever he pleases, a prince must take the measure of his forces before he undertakes an enterprise and govern himself accordingly. But he must possess enough prudence not to deceive himself about...
That It Is a Mistaken Policy to Attack a Divided City in Order to Occupy It as a Result of Its Disunity
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

There was so much disunity within the Roman republic between the plebeians and the nobility that the Veientes, along with the Etruscans, thought that through such disunity they could extinguish the very name of Rome. After they had raised an army and conducted raids upon...
How the Romans Gave the Commanders of Their Armies Full Discretionary Powers
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

I reckon that, while reading Livy’s history and wishing to derive some profit from it, it is necessary to consider all the methods of proceeding employed by the people and the Roman senate. Among other matters worthy of consideration is an examination of the kind...
What Causes a King to Lose a Kingdom of the Hereditary Kind
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

After Tarquinius Superbus had killed Servius Tullius, who left no heirs, he came to possess his kingdom in security, since he did not have to fear those things that had harmed his predecessors. Although his method of occupying the kingdom had been extraordinary and detestable,...
That One Man and Not Many Should Be Placed in Command of an Army, and How More Than One Commander Is Harmful
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

After the people of Fidenae rebelled and massacred the colony the Romans had sent to that city, the Romans created four tribunes with consular power to respond to this attack; one of them was left to guard Rome, and three others were sent against the...
Nothing Is More Worthy of a Commander Than to Anticipate the Decisions of the Enemy
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Epaminondas the Theban used to say that nothing was more necessary and more useful to a commander than having some knowledge of the deliberations and decisions of the enemy. Since such knowledge is difficult to obtain, the commander deserves even more praise when he does...
One Example of Humanity Towards the Inhabitants of Falerii Achieved More Than Any Use of Roman Power
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

When Camillus had drawn his army around the city of Falerii and had besieged it, a schoolmaster of the most noble children of that city, thinking he could ingratiate himself with Camillus and the Roman people, left the city with these children under the pretence...
The Prolongation of Military Commands Enslaved Rome
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

If the conduct of the Roman republic is considered carefully, it will be evident that two things were the cause of that republic’s dissolution: one was the struggles that arose over the agrarian laws; the other was the prolongation of military commands; if these two...
What Risks Are Run in Making Oneself the Leader by Counselling an Undertaking; and How Much Greater the Risks Are When the Undertaking Is an Extraordinary One
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

How dangerous it is to make oneself the leader of a new undertaking in the service of many people, and how difficult it is to direct and execute it and, once it is carried out, to maintain it, would be too long and too lofty...
Preface
Authors: Perrault Charles
Published: December 2024

T
he manner in which the public has received the pieces in this collection when each has been published separately* has given me a degree of confidence that they will not fail to please when appearing together. It is true that certain...
Bluebeard
Authors: Perrault Charles
Published: December 2024

O
nce upon a time there lived a man who possessed fine houses in town and in the country, dishes and plates of silver and gold, furniture all covered in embroidery, and carriages all gilded; but unfortunately the man’s beard was blue, and this...
One Way to Jerusalem
Authors: Mandeville John
Published: December 2024

In the name of Almighty God, whoever travels overseas can go from his country by many routes, both by land and by sea, but many of these routes lead to one destination. But don’t believe that I will list all the towns and cities...
The Castle of Krak De Montreal, and Elsewhere
Authors: Mandeville John
Published: December 2024

You need to know that as you travel east from the Dead Sea from the border of
the Promised Land is a sturdy castle called, in the Saracen language,
Krak, that is, in French, Réal-Mont. A French king, called Baldwin,...
The Shortest Way to Jerusalem
Authors: Mandeville John
Published: December 2024

I have now described to you the longest and shortest routes by which one travels to Jerusalem, that is via Babylon and Mount Sinai and many other places from which one turns back to the Promised Land. Now I’ll describe the correct route, and...
The Arrangement of the Court of the Great Khan of Cathay
Authors: Mandeville John
Published: December 2024

I’ve now told you why he is called the Great Khan. Next I will describe for you the arrangement and the governance of his court when they make their special feasts—that is, principally, four times a year. This first is at his birthday; the...
Sayings of the High One
Authors: Larrington Carolyne
Published: December 2024

Human social wisdom, teasing allusion to runic mysteries, spells, and charms combine in this poem to give a conspectus of different types of wisdom. Most of the poem is taken up with instruction on the subject of social behaviour, common sense and folly, moderation and...
Thrym’s Poem
Authors: Larrington Carolyne
Published: December 2024

The comedy of Thrym’s Poem (Thrymskvida) depends upon the characterization of Freyia and Thor, who are compelled to act against their reputations. Freyia is indignant when Loki and Thor suggest that she might marry a giant, though her reputation for promiscuity...
The Poem of Volund
Authors: Larrington Carolyne
Published: December 2024

The Poem of Volund (Volundarkvida) appears to be a combination of two poems: the first, the tale of the swan-maidens, the second, the tale of Volund’s imprisonment and his revenge. Volund is a strange character, neither human nor divine At one point...
SnRK1α1-mediated RBOH1 phosphorylation regulates reactive oxygen species to enhance tolerance to low nitrogen in tomato
Authors: Zheng Xuelian , Yang Hongfei , Zou Jinping , Jin Weiduo , Qi Zhenyu , Yang Ping , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Jie
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and development. SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase pivotal for regulating plant responses to nutrient deficiency. Here, we discovered that the expression and activity of the SnRK1 α-catalytic subunit (SnRK1α1) increased in response to low-nitrogen stress. SnRK1α1 overexpression enhanced seedling tolerance, nitrate uptake capacity, apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and NADPH oxidase activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under low-nitrogen stress compared to wild type plants, while snrk1α1 mutants exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Mutation of the NADPH oxidase gene Respiratory burst oxidase homolog 1 (RBOH1) suppressed numerous nitrate uptake and metabolism genes during low-nitrogen stress. rboh1 mutants displayed lower NADPH oxidase activity, apoplastic ROS production, and seedling tolerance to low nitrogen. Silencing RBOH1 expression also compromised SnRK1α1-mediated seedling tolerance to low-nitrogen stress. SnRK1α1 interacts with and activates RBOH1 through phosphorylation of three N-terminal serine residues, leading to increased apoplastic ROS production and enhanced tolerance to low nitrogen conditions. Furthermore, RBOH1-dependent ROS oxidatively modified the transcription factor TGA4 at residue Cys-334, which increased NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 expression under low-nitrogen stress. These findings reveal a SnRK1α1-mediated signaling pathway and highlight the essential role of RBOH1-dependent ROS production in enhancing plant tolerance to low nitrogen.
Adolescents’ neural responses to their parents’ emotions: associations with emotion regulation, internalizing symptoms, and substance use
Authors: Chaplin Tara M , Gonçalves Stefanie F , Kisner Mallory A , Ryan Mary , Forbes Erika , Thompson James C
Published: December 2024

Parental emotion expression has been linked to adolescent emotional and psychopathology development. However, neural responses to parental emotion are not well characterized. The present study examined associations between adolescents’ neural responses to parent emotion and adolescents’ emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and substance use (SU). One hundred seventy-five 12- to 14-year-olds and their parent(s) participated in the study. In a lab session, families completed a parent–adolescent interaction task. In an MRI session, adolescents viewed videos of their own parents and unfamiliar parents expressing positive, negative, and neutral emotions from the interaction task. Higher salience region responses to own parent negative emotion (versus neutral) in ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), anterior insula (AI), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were associated with adolescent ER difficulties and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Higher vACC and AI responses to parent positive emotion (versus neutral) were associated with anxiety symptoms only. Higher salience region responses to own parent negative emotion (versus other parent negative) were associated with ER difficulties. Responses to own parent positive emotion (versus other parent positive) were associated with ER and anxiety symptoms for boys. Findings suggest that adolescents’ salience system sensitivity to parental emotion may be important in the development of ER and internalizing symptoms.
Determining the posture and location of pigs using an object detection model under different lighting conditions
Authors: Scaillierez Alice J , Izquierdo García-Faria Tomás , Broers Harry , van Nieuwamerongen - de Koning Sofie E , van der Tol Rik P P J , Bokkers Eddie A M , Boumans Iris J M M
Published: December 2024

Computer vision techniques are becoming increasingly popular for monitoring pig behavior. For instance, object detection models allow us to detect the presence of pigs, their location, and their posture. The performance of object detection models can be affected by variations in lighting conditions (e.g., intensity, spectrum, and uniformity). Furthermore, lighting conditions can influence pigs’ active and resting behavior. In the context of experiments testing different lighting conditions, a detection model was developed to detect the location and postures of group-housed growing-finishing pigs. The objective of this paper is to validate the model developed using YOLOv8 detecting standing, sitting, sternal lying, and lateral lying pigs. Training, validation, and test datasets included annotation of pigs from 10 to 24 wk of age in 10 different light settings; varying in intensity, spectrum, and uniformity. Pig detection was comparable for the different lighting conditions, despite a slightly lower posture agreement for warm light and uneven light distribution, likely due to a less clear contrast between pigs and their background and the presence of shadows. The detection reached a mean average precision (mAP) of 89.4%. Standing was the best-detected posture with the highest precision, sensitivity, and F1 score, while the sensitivity and F1 score of sitting was the lowest. This lower performance resulted from confusion of sitting with sternal lying and standing, as a consequence of the top camera view and a low occurrence of sitting pigs in the annotated dataset. This issue is inherent to pig behavior and could be tackled using data augmentation. Some confusion was reported between types of lying due to occlusion by pen mates or pigs’ own bodies, and grouping both types of lying postures resulted in an improvement in the detection (mAP = 97.0%). Therefore, comparing resting postures (both lying types) to active postures could lead to a more reliable interpretation of pigs’ behavior. Some detection errors were observed, e.g., two detections for the same pig were generated due to posture uncertainty, dirt on cameras detected as a pig, and undetected pigs due to occlusion. The localization accuracy measured by the intersection over union was higher than 95.5% for 75% of the dataset, meaning that the location of predicted pigs was very close to annotated pigs. Tracking individual pigs revealed challenges with ID changes and switches between pen mates, requiring further work.
Introduction
Authors: Glasner Suzette
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces the key concepts of
addiction. It starts with the narrative of Alisa and her experience with alcohol use
disorder and the path to recovery. Regardless of the widely held belief that addiction
is a lifelong illness from which people don’t recover, there is hope for recovery
according to scientific data on treatment for alcohol and drug use disorders. Moreover,
people who have little experience or knowledge of addiction and its treatment may make
many incorrect assumptions about it and may not know how to talk about it in helpful
ways. The chapter presents a picture of how challenging recovery is with Alisa's
narrative, even including how she and her partner manage to achieve a healthy
marriage.
What Do Nicotine and Tobacco Do to the Brain and Behavior?
Authors: Glasner Suzette
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses how nicotine and tobacco
affect the brain and behavior. It elaborates on the biochemical reasons why nicotine is
highly addictive. Being a smoker can lead to chronic and life-threatening illnesses,
including lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The chapter expounds on the
experience of withdrawal being part of the cycle of addiction to any substance, which
includes how the symptoms are so uncomfortable for a person who is addicted to nicotine
that they may find themselves smoking even though the rational part of their brain
understands how harmful it is to their health. It also highlights the health risks of
secondhand smoke exposure, such as lung cancer and heart disease.
What is Life Like Beyond Addiction?
Authors: Glasner Suzette
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the scientific
learnings about the likelihood of recovery before envisioning the future of recovering
while accepting addiction as a chronic illness. It presents narratives of real-world
examples of people and families who have recovered. Regardless of the widespread media
coverage of overdose deaths in recent years, scientific evidence suggests that most
people with addiction do recover. The chapter explains that recovery success can be
achieved through different methods, so treatment is a vital pathway to success. It then
presents the key elements of developing a relapse prevention plan, which indicates the
likelihood of a relapse during recovery.
Puerto Rico before 1898
Authors: Duany Jorge
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides an overview of Puerto Rico before
1898. It explains that the Taínos were the first Indigenous inhabitants of the Americas to come
into contact with Christopher Columbus. However, Spanish colonists and enslaved Africans
promptly replaced the Taíno population, roughly between 1508 and 1550. The Spanish conquest of
Puerto Rico and the Caribbean unleashed one of the greatest demographic catastrophes of the
modern world, caused by enslavement, diseases, interracial unions, suicide, and migration, which
decimated the Indigenous population of the Greater Antilles. The bulk of the chapter examines
the workings of the Spanish colonial regime in Puerto Rico between 1493 and 1898. The chapter
then elaborates on the United States’ growing interest in Puerto Rico during the nineteenth
century, which included having a permanent naval base in the Caribbean.
Gaining Insight into Operative Performance: Analysis of an Automated 360-Degree Feedback Tool Among Perioperative Staff
Authors: Soelling Stefanie J. , Sinyard Robert D. , Spigel Lauren , Riley Max , Gregory Paul , Perdomo Nick , Sonnay Yves , Yule Steven , Fishman Steven J. , Smink Douglas S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Surgery has seen limited adoption of 360-degree feedback tools, and no current tools evaluate intraoperative performance from a technical, nontechnical, or teaching skill perspective. We sought to evaluate the overall findings and perceived value of a novel 360-degree feedback tool for surgeons from their operating room colleagues.

Methods:

The ‘intraoperative 360’ (i360) combined 3 previously validated scales of surgeon performance. The electronic medical record at a single academic medical center was queried for perioperative staff involvement in recent cases for a cohort of surgeons. Staff with frequent surgeon case involvement were emailed a link to an anonymous i360 survey. Aggregated survey responses were provided to surgeons and surgical leadership. We performed semi-structured interviews with 10 surgeons and 5 surgical leaders. Combined inductive and deductive coding was used to determine their perceptions regarding the utility of and barriers to the i360.

Results:

Over 2-years, a total of 960 surveys were completed for 88 surgeons. The composite rating of technical skills was 4.87/5 (SD: 0.36); nontechnical skills, 4.65/5 (SD: 0.55); and teaching skills, 2.92/3 (SD: 0.24). There was no difference in mean scores based on gender, age, or years of tenure. Six themes emerged from the interviews: initial reactions, utility, additional needs, other feedback mechanisms, reciprocal feedback, and logistical challenges.

Conclusions:

A 360-degree feedback tool is feasible, and feedback is perceived as valuable and actionable for surgeons and surgeon leaders. The intraoperative focus provided surgeons with specific feedback on how to improve within the operating room to promote efficiency, teamwork, and patient safety.
Rehabilitation and Social Determinants of Health in Critical Illness Recovery Literature: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fresenko Lindsey E. , Rutherfurd Charlotte , Robinson Lauren E. , Robinson Cayla M. , Montgomery-Yates Ashley A. , Hogg-Graham Rachel , Morris Peter E. , Eaton Tammy L. , McPeake Joanne M. , Mayer Kirby P.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Patients who survive critical illness navigate arduous and disparate recovery pathways that include referrals and participation in community-based rehabilitation services. Examining rehabilitation pathways during recovery is crucial to understanding the relationship on patient-centered outcomes. Furthermore, an understanding of social determinants of health (SDOH) in relation to outcomes and rehabilitation use will help ensure equitable access for future care. Therefore, there is a need to define and understand patient care pathways, specifically rehabilitation after discharge, through a SDOH lens after surviving a critical illness to improve long-term outcomes.

DATA SOURCES:

MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), the CINAHL, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

A systematic review of the literature was completed examining literature from inception to March 2024. Articles were included if post-hospital rehabilitation utilization was reported in adult patients who survived critical illness. Discharge disposition was examined as a proxy for rehabilitation pathways. Patients were grouped by patient diagnosis for grouped analysis and reporting of data. Two independent researchers reviewed manuscripts for inclusion and data were extracted by one reviewer using Covidence. Both reviewers used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Of 72 articles included, only four articles reported detailed rehabilitation utilization. The majority of the studies included were cohort studies (91.7%) with most articles using a retrospective design (56.9%). The most common patient population was acute respiratory diagnoses (51.4%). Most patients were discharged directly home from the hospital (75.4%). Race/ethnicity was the most frequently reported SDOH (43.1%) followed by insurance status (13.9%) and education (13.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The small number of articles describing rehabilitative utilization allows for limited understanding of rehabilitation pathways following critical illness. The reporting of detailed rehabilitation utilization and SDOH are limited in the literature but may play a vital role in the recovery and outcomes of survivors of critical illness.
Data Trauma
Authors: Smith Erica , Somayaji Darryl
Published: December 2024

Today's healthcare landscape is becoming increasingly data-centric, with artificial intelligence and advanced computer algorithms becoming inextricably embedded in patient care. Although these technologies promise to make care more efficient and effective, they heighten the risk for unintended consequences. Using Walker and Avant's framework for concept analysis, we propose and explicate the emerging concept of iatrogenic data trauma, or ways in which the collection, storage, and use of sensitive and potentially stigmatizing patient data can cause harm. We conducted a careful and exhaustive review of traditional academic publications, as well as nontraditional digital sources to generate a rich and intersectional corpus of information pertaining to data justice, digital rights, and potential risks associated with the “datafication” of individuals. Using evidence synthesis and practical examples, we discuss how flawed data processes in healthcare settings can lead to data trauma among patients and explore how its presence can perpetuate health disparities, marginalization, loss of privacy, and breach of trust in patient-provider relationships. We discuss how this phenomenon arises and manifests across the healthcare continuum and is an important issue for professionals in multiple disciplines. We conclude by suggesting future opportunities for research through a trauma-informed lens.
Genomic and the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yongheng , Ni Qingqiang , Li Hongguang , Sun Jiuzheng , Zhou Xia , Qu Lingxin , Wang Liyuan , Zhao Chuanzong , Zhang Xiaolu
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Ambiguous understanding of tumors and tumor microenvironments (TMEs) hinders accurate diagnosis and available treatment for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (﻿HCC) covering intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multicentric occurrence (MO). Here, we characterized the diverse TMEs of IM and MO identified by whole-exome sequencing at single-cell resolution.

Approach and Results:

We performed parallel whole-exome sequencing and scRNA-seq on 23 samples from 7 patients to profile their TMEs when major results were validated by immunohistochemistry in the additional cohort. Integrative analysis of whole-exome sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing found that malignant cells in IM showed higher intratumor heterogeneity, stemness, and more activated metabolism than those in MO. Tumors from IM shared similar TMEs while distinct TMEs were noticed in those from MO. Furthermore, CD20+ B cells, plasma cells, and conventional type II dendritic cells (cDC2s) were decreased in IM relative to MO while T cells in IM exhibited a more terminally exhausted capacity with a higher proportion of proliferative/exhausted T cells than that in MO. Both CD20 and CD1C correlated with better prognosis in multifocal HCC. Additionally, MMP9+ tumor-associated macrophages were enriched across IM and MO, which formed cellular niches with regulatory T cells and proliferative/exhausted T cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings deeply decipher the heterogeneous TMEs between IM and MO, which provide a comprehensive landscape of multifocal HCC.
A Situation-Specific Theory on the Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation for Patients With Disabilities
Authors: Micheluzzi Valentina , Vellone Ercole , Iovino Paolo
Published: December 2024

A primary challenge impeding optimal health outcomes in patients with disabilities is the lack of rehabilitation adherence. Immersive virtual reality emerges as a promising intervention with the potential to significantly enhance this key health outcome. This paper presents a situation-specific theory that outlines the mechanisms through which immersive virtual reality can promote rehabilitation adherence. Outcomes of immersive virtual reality encompass psychological (ie, motivation, self-efficacy, mood state) as well as physical responses (ie, pain management, muscle strength). Mechanisms by which immersive virtual reality influences outcomes are explained by proximal and distal mediators (attention, sense of presence, enjoyment). Possible moderators of these mechanisms (ie, age, gender, social support, trust in technology, cognitive status) are also described.
SIH-EBP score for prediction of efficacy of epidural blood patching in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Chen Hung-Chieh , Hou Tsung-Wei , Chen Po-Lin , Wu Chih-Cheng , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Wang Yen-Feng
Published: December 2024

Background:

Epidural blood patching (EBP) is the primary treatment for spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), although multiple attempts may sometimes be necessary. The SIH-EBP score, with a cutoff of ≥3, predicts the response to the first EBP. However, its generalizability requires further confirmation. This study aims to validate the clinical utility of the SIH-EBP score and determine the optimal cutoff for predicting the response to the first EBP in an independent cohort of patients with SIH.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with SIH who received at least one EBP at a tertiary medical center. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and brain and spinal magnetic resonance images were reviewed.

Results:

Ninety-six patients (58 female [F]/38 male [M], mean age: 42.67 ± 10.16 years) were screened, with 49 (32 F/17 M, mean age: 41.20 ± 9.13 years) analyzed, including 30 (22 F/8 M, mean age: 41.10 ± 10.14 years) (61.2%) responders. There was a positive correlation between SIH-EBP scores and responder rates (p = 0.001). A cutoff score of ≥3 was associated with a higher response rate than a score of <3 (80.0% vs 41.7%, p = 0.006) (sensitivity = 73.7%, specificity = 66.7%, accuracy = 69.4%). The optimal cutoff in this cohort was ≥2 (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.77, p < 0.001) (sensitivity = 52.6%, specificity = 90.0%, accuracy = 75.5%).

Conclusion:

In this cohort, the SIH-EBP score correlated with response rates to the first EBP. Although a score of ≥3 remains a valid predictor of treatment response, a cutoff of ≥2 proved to be more accurate and specific. However, its practical use is limited by a sensitivity of 52.6%. Further studies are needed to verify its role in other populations.
Effect of Annual Leave Days on Presenteeism - a Cohort Study in Employees of a Japanese Corporate Group
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Okawara Makoto , Miyake Fuyu , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Fujimoto Kenji , Nagata Masako , Sugiura Kenichi , Morita Tetsuya , Fujino Yoshihisa
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study investigated the association between leave use and improvement of work functioning impairment affecting presenteeism.

Methods

A prospective, observational study was conducted among 5,752 employees in a single corporate group in Japan to analyze the number of days of leave taken over a one-year period and changes in work functioning impairment.

Results

As the number of leave days increased, work functioning impairment improved significantly.

Conclusions

These results suggest that allowing employees to take more leave significantly contributes to improving work functioning impairment. Companies need to promote appropriate leave use to improve employee health and overall work productivity.
Ureteroduodenal Fistula From an Impacted Ureteral Stone
Authors: Schott Bradley , Su Johnny S. , Morgan Monica
Published: December 2024

We report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with left-sided flank pain and was discovered to have a right ureteroduodenal fistula likely secondary to an impacted stone that eroded into the duodenum. We also discuss the management of this patient.
Impact of Perioperative Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy on Hearing Preservation Outcomes
Authors: Ma Connie C. , Patro Ankita , Schauwecker Natalie R. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Freeman Michael H. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Haynes David S. , Tawfik Kareem O.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To report hearing preservation (HP) outcomes based on anticoagulation/antiplatelet use (blood thinner, BT) following cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

Three hundred twenty-six adults (361 ears: no BT = 210, BT held = 86, BT continued = 65) implanted between 2012 and 2021 with preoperative low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA) of 65 dB HL or better.

Main Outcome Measure

Postoperative HP, defined as LFPTA ≤80 dB HL, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

Compared to no BT, the BT held and continued groups were older (60.6 vs 72.7 vs 73.0 yrs, p < 0.001) and had diabetes (10% vs 28% vs 22%, p < 0.001). Electrode type, steroid use, surgical approach, and preoperative LFPTA were equivalent among groups. Postoperative HP rates were significantly higher for no BT than the BT held and continued groups at 1 month (62% vs 48% vs 43%, p = 0.008), with equivalent results at 3, 6, and 12 months. When patients were stratified by BT type, there were no significant differences in HP outcomes. On multivariate analysis, BT status was not a significant predictor of HP rates at 1 or 12 months. Younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97, p < 0.001) was the only significant predictor of 1- but not 12-month HP.

Conclusions

BT use, regardless of whether held for surgery, was associated with inferior early HP outcomes. After controlling for age, BT status was not a significant predictor of HP, suggesting inherently poorer cochlear health in patients who are on BTs.
Psychiatric Manifestations in a Postmenopausal Woman Caused by Prolonged Testosterone Pellet Therapy
Authors: Daram Naveena , Wilhoite Morgan , Hurley Emily , Kaplan Marcia
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Supplemental testosterone therapy is widely used in postmenopausal patients to treat issues such as low libido, fatigue, bone density concerns, and muscle strength. However, long-term effects of testosterone use are not well understood.

CASE:

A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman was admitted after experiencing severe psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, paranoid delusions, agitation, and impulsive thoughts. After extensive psychiatric treatment, it was determined that her symptoms were linked to long-term testosterone pellet therapy prescribed by a holistic practitioner.

CONCLUSION:

Prolonged testosterone therapy may precipitate psychiatric symptoms in postmenopausal patients, emphasizing the need for greater vigilance in the prescribing and monitoring of hormone therapies.
Expanded Lateral Thoracic Flap and Torso Advancement Flap for the Treatment of Postburn Breast Deformity
Authors: Zhao Xiaozhuo , Chen Xin , Wang Cheng , Shen Yuming , Zhang Huijun , When Chunquan
Published: December 2024

Background

Deep burns to the upper abdomen that involve the submammary fold can lead to downward contracture and may cause significant asymmetry in a single breast, which can cause serious aesthetic and psychological problems, especially when they occur during childhood or before puberty. The objective of this study was to establish a practical treatment approach for postburn unilateral breast reconstruction after downward contracture.

Method

We conducted this retrospective review of patients with postburn unilateral breast deformity who underwent reconstruction using the expanded lateral thoracic flap and torso advancement flap from 2016 through 2021. We collected data on various characteristics, including patient information, surgical procedure details, number of expanders used, reconstruction effectiveness, and postoperative breast development.

Results

A total of 25 patients were included in the study, and all flaps survived. A total of seven complications related to the expander were recorded, including one hematoma, three port and tube issues, two cases of skin ischemia, and one instance of expander exposure. All complications were effectively managed through appropriate interventions. Breast position deviations were corrected, resulting in breast symmetry with the opposite side.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that the expanded lateral thoracic flap and torso advancement flap procedure can effectively and safely restore the position of postburn breasts and promote symmetrical breast development. This procedure may be one of the options for reconstruction of postburn unilateral breast deformity.
Legitimizing new constructivist practice for entrepreneurship educators: legitimacy as a framework to examine educators’ new practice in China
Authors: Bell Heather R. , Bell Robin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This work makes a case for legitimacy as a framework with which to examine how educators made decisions about implementing entrepreneurship education (EE) in higher education institutions (HEIs) to better understand the educator within the educational ecosystem. It then uses a new legitimacy framework that includes self-legitimacy to examine the issues a group of educators in China encountered when implementing new constructivist entrepreneurship modules in their non-entrepreneurship curricula.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers utilized focus groups to collect data from 24 groups of educators at HEIs in 4 regions of China. The researchers used a bottom-up thematic analysis process to identify themes and used legitimacy as a lens to analyze the data.

Findings

The results are presented in three main categories: theorization, or how the practice aligns with existing practice; diffusion, or how the practice is perceived by stakeholders; and self-legitimacy, or how the practice impacts the educator’s image of the self. The data show that legitimization of their constructivist EE practice has not occurred at each of these stages, leaving educators struggling to rationalize how the new practice fits into their existing ecosystem.

Originality/value

Using legitimacy as an approach, the research adds to an understanding of how and why entrepreneurship educators adopt practice and how they are empowered to change practice within their existing institutional structures. It brings different legitimacy theories into one framework to examine changes to EE practice and it applies self-legitimacy to education, an area previously only examined in high power distance situations like law enforcement, but which is appropriate for high power distance educational cultures like China.
Residual network-based feature extraction for automatic crop disease detection system using drone image dataset
Authors: Dua Shelza , Kumar Sanjay , Garg Ritu , Dewan Lillie
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Diagnosing the crop diseases by farmers accurately with the naked eye can be challenging. Timely identification and treating these diseases is crucial to prevent complete destruction of the crops. To overcome these challenges, in this work a light-weight automatic crop disease detection system has been developed, which uses novel combination of residual network (ResNet)-based feature extractor and machine learning algorithm based classifier over a real-time crop dataset.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed system is divided into four phases: image acquisition and preprocessing, data augmentation, feature extraction and classification. In the first phase, data have been collected using a drone in real time, and preprocessing has been performed to improve the images. In the second phase, four data augmentation techniques have been applied to increase the size of the real-time dataset. In the third phase, feature extraction has been done using two deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based models, individually, ResNet49 and ResNet41. In the last phase, four machine learning classifiers random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) have been employed, one by one.

Findings

These proposed systems have been trained and tested using our own real-time dataset that consists of healthy and unhealthy leaves for six crops such as corn, grapes, okara, mango, plum and lemon. The proposed combination of Resnet49-SVM and ResNet41-SVM has achieved accuracy of 99 and 97%, respectively, for the images that have been collected from the city of Kurukshetra, India.

Originality/value

The proposed system makes novel contribution by using a newly proposed real time dataset that has been collected with the help of a drone. The collected image data has been augmented using scaling, rotation, flipping and brightness techniques. The work uses a novel combination of machine learning methods based classification with ResNet49 and ResNet41 based feature extraction.
Impact pathways: “follow the labour”. the labour supply chain and its impact on decent work in product supply chains
Authors: Marques Leonardo , Erthal Alice , Crane Andrew
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To conceptualise the labour supply chain and its relationship with product supply chains. In doing so, we call for research that follows the flow of labour to advance the field of operations and supply chain management (OSCM) towards decent work in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a real-time case study of modern slavery in the wine, apple and poultry supply chains in Southern Brazil with interviews including workers, farmers and a multitude of stakeholders.

Findings

By following the flow of labour, we uncover how temporary workers are used to manage product seasonality, and the role of hidden actors such as labour providers and charities. We show that different product supply chains tend to mimic each other and share the same pool of temporary workers to ensure flexibility at low cost, while exploiting workers.

Originality/value

For decades the OSCM field has used frameworks that follow the product to improve efficiency and traceability. Yet, labour flows across product supply chains remain untraceable. Our research calls for a dynamic perspective on labour to set the basis for an emerging research agenda on the interplay of product and labour flows in supply chains to advance decent work.
Performance enhancement of port logistics: a framework using hybrid approach
Authors: Sarkar Bishal Dey , Gupta Laxmi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Several challenges and issues are involved in successfully managing and improving the port logistics system (PLS) performance. Ports still face issues, including insufficient cargo handling equipment or equipment sharing during loading and unloading, which requires manual container inspection and delays clearance. This research aims to enhance the port logistics performance at one of India's cargo-handling ports. This paper seeks to identify various situations, actors, processes, learnings, actions and performance metrics particular to India's major container handling port.

Design/methodology/approach

The study objectives are accomplished using the Situation-Actor-Process–Learning-Action-Performance (SAP-LAP) framework, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP). The FAHP prioritises or ranks actions in a fuzzy environment. The ranking obtained by the FAHP method is assessed using the IRP approach.

Findings

This study examined action criteria and sub-attributes that define a PLS's effective implementation regarding handling containers in India. The results illustrate that strategic action must be prioritized first, followed by infrastructural and operational development, Technology upgradation and new methods and Training and Development initiatives.

Practical implications

This research provides a logical framework for evaluating the importance of various actions throughout the decision-making process. It would assist managers and practitioners in interpreting the impact of critical actions on performance and improving the operation of PLS by constructing resilient and adaptable solutions.

Originality/value

The study integrates methodologies like the IRP, SAP-LAP and FAHP. It focuses on various actions for an effective port logistics implementation system. The findings of this study allow decision-makers to understand interpretative reasoning by performing pairwise comparisons among the factors.
AI-powered peer review needs human supervision
Authors: Seghier Mohamed L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to appraise current challenges in adopting generative AI by reviewers to evaluate the readability and quality of submissions. The paper discusses how to make the AI-powered peer-review process immune to unethical practices, such as the proliferation of AI-generated poor-quality or fake reviews that could harm the value of peer review.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines the potential roles of AI in peer review, the challenges it raises and their mitigation. It critically appraises current opinions and practices while acknowledging the lack of consensus about best practices in AI for peer review.

Findings

The adoption of generative AI by the peer review process seems inevitable, but this has to happen (1) gradually, (2) under human supervision, (3) by raising awareness among stakeholders about all its ramifications, (4) through improving transparency and accountability, (5) while ensuring confidentiality through the use of locally hosted AI systems, (6) by acknowledging its limitations such as its inherent bias and unawareness of up-to-date knowledge, (7) by putting in place robust safeguards to maximize its benefits and lessen its potential harm and (8) by implementing a robust quality assurance to assess its impact on overall research quality.

Originality/value

In the current race for more AI in scholarly communication, this paper advocates for a human-centered oversight of AI-powered peer review. Eroding the role of humans will create an undesirable situation where peer review will gradually metamorphose into an awkward conversation between an AI writing a paper and an AI evaluating that paper.
Knowledge domain coupling, digital transformation and R&D team innovation performance
Authors: Chen Minling , Tong Ziye , Xue Jing
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Based on theories such as knowledge management and resource base, this paper explores the effect of knowledge domain coupling on R&D team innovation performance under the perspective of technological innovation networks as well as the mediating role of digital transformation, and further validates the moderating role played by organizational innovation climate and environmental turbulence.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking the data of 239 Chinese enterprises with high R&D intensity and strong innovation ability as samples, SPSS and AMOS are used for empirical testing.

Findings

The findings suggest that knowledge domain coupling and its decomposition variables (complementary knowledge coupling and iterative knowledge coupling) have a significant positive effect on R&D team innovation performance, digital transformation partially mediates the relationship between knowledge domain coupling and R&D team innovation performance, and that there is a positive moderating effect of organizational innovation climate and environmental turbulence in the influence path.

Originality/value

The study has enlightening value for innovative enterprises and their R&D teams on how to effectively couple the knowledge, make reasonable use of iterative technologies and promote digital transformation practices to enhance innovation performance.