bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of overhead transmission lines with composite towers for 35-330 kV electric power networks
Authors: Dovgalyuk Oksana Mykolayivna , Bondarenko Roman Viktorovych , Yakovenko Ivan Serhiyovych , Miroshnyk Kostiantyn Arturovych , Vysokykh Vladyslav Olegovych
Published: May 2024

Based on the analysis of the technical condition of the equipment of the electric power networks of the UES of Ukraine, current challenges in the development of the energy sector and existing technologies for the transmission of electric energy, the expediency of using towers made of composite materials in the development, reconstruction and design of new overhead transmission lines for electric networks of different voltage classes is substantiated. The peculiarities of operation of towers made of composite materials in electric networks of many countries of the world are investigated, on the basis of which the prospects of using such towers for overhead transmission lines in Ukraine in the conditions of the introduced liberalised electricity market, as well as the requirements for the performance of electric power networks with the investigated towers made of composite materials are formulated. The article analyses the main characteristics and properties of composite materials that are most commonly used for the manufacture of towers in modern energy systems, as well as compares the physical and mechanical properties of towers made of different materials. The analysis of the obtained results confirms certain advantages of towers made of composite materials, which contribute to the widespread introduction of such towers in the Ukrainian energy system. To investigate the influence of the type of composite material and the design of the towers on the performance of electrical networks, a mechanical calculation of the towers was performed using the method of limit states. Using the obtained results, mathematical models of overhead transmission lines with composite towers for electric power networks with a voltage of 35-330 kV were developed, which take into account the technical characteristics of overhead transmission line elements and the operating conditions of electric power networks, and also allow forecasting quantitative indicators of further operation of the investigated electric power networks.
Operation of the transformer at low power quality
Authors: Bederak Yaroslav , Gryb Oleg , Karpaliuk Igor , Shvets Sergey , Yanchyk Alexander
Published: May 2024

Changes in the quality parameters of power supply are considered from the point of view of the connectedness of the voltage level of its drops and unevenness (dips) with active and reactive power. The paper considers the static characteristics of the load in the form of a second-order polynomial depending on the voltage. The authors use the regulating effects of active and reactive loads in accordance with the voltage, showing the percentage of the output power changes when the voltage deviates. The authors accept the limitation on the amount of power losses at the consumer, which is recalculated in the regulating effects of the load. Thus, the voltage reduction range for the industrial load is also set. Provided that the reactive power compensation devices used in electrical systems are intended primarily for unloading networks from reactive currents, as a result of reactive power compensation, a negative effect of increasing the total power consumption may appear. The main goal of the article is to show the possibility of minimizing the losses of active and reactive power in transformers with regulation of the voltage level in the network. Power losses in a power transformer consist of no-load losses and load losses. No-load losses are due to eddy current losses of steel and hysteresis losses. Load losses in a transformer are proportional to the square of the load current. The article determines the optimal voltage at the input of the transformer, at which the total losses of the active power of the transformer will be minimal. Power losses are analytically determined as a function of the relative voltage level due to equating the derivative of voltage losses to zero. Thus, the ratio of minimizing electricity losses in the transformer at the average voltage level at the input of the transformer, which corresponds to the minimum energy losses in the transformer at variable load, has been obtained.
Automated metering and power quality systems in power supply systems
Authors: Gapon Dmytro , Gryb Oleg , Karpaliuk Igor , Rudevich Natalia
Published: May 2024

The article shows that the data of the collected by the automated commercial electricity metering systems are an ensemble of daily realizations of random processes of power consumption of the power supply system. The main purpose of using automated systems of commercial and technical electricity metering is to reduce power consumption. But it is noted that the efficiency of using data of the automated commercial electricity metering system, efficiency and proper management of energy consumption depends on the operators of automated workstations. Considering the rapid improvement of both technical means and mathematical methods that can be applied to address energy efficiency issues, there is a need to transform remote data collection systems from electricity meters, taking into account quality, into a measuring and information structure capable of not only collecting data from meters, electrical energy, but also analyse them. The main method for detecting undercounts is given - the balance method. On the basis of the balance method, it is proposed to automatically calculate the unbalance for each section of the 6, 10 or 110 kV line of the main step-down substations and distribution points, taking into account the number and accuracy classes of commercial metering and technical metering devices. It is proposed to balance the load on the results of calculations performed by automated commercial electricity metering system in order to reduce energy losses and reduce payment for electricity. It is proposed in the work that the automated commercial electricity metering system should calculate the coefficients of form, maximum, load, as well as other morphometric characteristics of the graphs of electrical loads. The work drew attention to a number of problems arising in the calculation of these parameters: electronic meters measure the data necessary for calculations but not with the specified discreteness and, most importantly, their measurement of these parameters of the quality of electrical energy is not metrologically certified, therefore, such data can only be relied on as background information.
Features of technology of manufacture of power high voltage cables with thermoplastic polymeric insulation
Authors: Grynyshyna Margaryta Volodymyrivna
Published: May 2024

The problem of high-voltage power cables is associated with complex technological processes in their manufacture. One of the main processes in the manufacture of cables is extrusion. There is a huge number of parameters (known as process parameters) at the stage of extrusion process that directly affect the performance of isolation and cable as a whole. It is shown that the important parameters of the process of extrusion are  the melt temperature, speed, pressure, screw speed, the type of matrix used and the cooling medium in the extruder. The temperature and pressure of the melt are among the largest important parameters in the process of extrusion that determine the productivity of the process. The influence of temperature, pressure and fluctuations of these parameters on a complex of mechanical and electrical characteristics of the cable are analyzed. It is substantiated that the rheological properties of polymers are prone to oscillations, which causes problems in the production of cables. The complexity and large number of process parameters involved in the production of cables are complicated by the process of control, which determines the appearance of defects in the form of cracks, air cavities and porosity in high-voltage isolation. It is argued that the use of power cables with a cross-linked polyethylene, which is a thermosetting insulating material, causes the complexity of processing both in the manufacturing stage and in operation. Development of technology for the introduction of thermoplastic isolation provides secondary processing to implement projects of power-high-voltage variable and direct current cables. A comparative analysis of electrical, mechanical and thermal parameters of cross-linked polyethylene and thermoplastic polymers as an alternative of thermosetting isolation is presented. The article presents the features of the technological regime of extrusion of polymer isolation based on thermoelastoplasts, in particular, polypropylene compositions, which are due to the lower values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of such compositions in comparison with polyethylene. Models are presented to describe the process of extrusion of thermoplastic isolation of power cables, taking into account the flow of molten polymeric material as a non-Newtonian, uncompressive, isothermal fluid. The necessity of determining the values of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polypropylene compositions in a wide temperature range to reduce the likelihood of technological defects in high-voltage thermoplastic isolation is substantiated.
Control and cooling of electronic load based on FET-transistor
Authors: Zaitsev Roman , Kirichenko Mykhailo , Minakova Kseniia , Nikitin Viktor , Vorobiev Bohdan , Kharchenko Mykola
Published: May 2024

The introduction of electronic load for testing high-precision low-voltage sources (solar panels) requires careful review not only of the circuit design, but also thermal and mechanical design. Modern advances in the development of solar cells and other low-voltage energy sources have led to the need to create compact and express systems for testing them, which cannot be implemented on existing solutions. The article considers the principle of creating and calculating the optimal solution for the implementation of electronic load. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis of modern electronic database, calculations of basic physical and electrical parameters and their modeling are used. Based on the considered physical and circuit solutions for the implementation of the electronic load unit, a corresponding electrical circuit was developed. The transistors are controlled by four unipolar operational amplifiers integrated into the LM324 chip. Control of the electronic load unit is implemented by controlling the voltage at the positive feedback terminals, which is further stabilized by the TL431 chip. The device is powered by a source of DC stabilized current of 12 V (provides additional filtering from voltage fluctuations). On the basis of the previously considered physical and circuit solutions for the implementation of the electronic load unit, its cooling and control system was developed. The calculation of the heat balance allows you to choose the right cooling system for stable operation of the system. The control of the electronic load unit is implemented using INA219 and Xicor X9C microcircuits, and a method for their calibration is proposed. These solutions will make it possible to create a universal electronic load solution for researching semiconductor devices and solar cells. Adherence to the indications and principles set out in this article will provide the load with the ability to work at high power, while maintaining good performance and reliability.
Investigation of the influence of bundled conductor capacitance on power loses associated with corona discharge
Authors: Olubakinde Eniola
Published: May 2024

The determining factor for the presence of a corona is the value of the charge of the wire, which determines the intensity of the electric field. Quantitative characteristics of the charge value of the line phase depend on the capacity and voltage. If the influence of voltage on corona losses has been studied by many authors, the influence of capacity is practically not studied. This is primarily due to the fact that the constructive implementation of the split phase of the overhead line was very carefully determined by regulatory documents. In our opinion, today there are all possibilities for changing the designs of phases and, accordingly, their capacities. This became possible thanks to a change in approaches to the design of the structure of the phase wire on the substation. Determination of the electric capacity of the overhead line with bundled conductors is quite often performed using equivalent parameters, such as equivalent suspension height and equivalent radius. This approach makes it possible to obtain average values of the phase capacity of the overhead line. For a detailed analysis of the effect of capacity on corona losses, it is necessary to determine more reliable values of capacities and use them in calculations of corona losses. The capacity of the phase is determined by the geometric dimensions of the split phase. The obtained results indicate a very strong dependence of corona losses on the capacity of the split phase. When approaching a grounded object, the phase capacity can significantly increase. A vivid example of such an increase is the approach of bundled conductors to the elements of overhead line supports. The distances to the ground in this case will be smaller than the equivalent height of the suspension, which is used in the calculations of the specific losses per crown to determine the capacity of the phases of the overhead line. It is necessary to take into account possible changes in the capacity of the split phase at the stage of designing the overhead line. Another result of the calculations was a much greater influence of the capacity of the middle phase on the amount of losses per corona. This makes it possible to reduce corona losses due to the appropriate design of the middle phase of the overhead line, for example, by changing its splitting radius.
Calculation of instantaneous line current of a three-phase network with an isolated neutral
Authors: Demianenko Roman
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the study of methods for calculating instantaneous line currents in a three-phase network with an isolated neutral, which is critical for improving the reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of monitoring and diagnostics of electrical systems. The developed method extends the capabilities of standard approaches to diagnostics and analysis, and it allows for more accurate analysis of instantaneous parameters in electrical networks and detection of faults in the operation of high-voltage electrical installations. The study used an integrated approach to analyzing and modeling the operating and emergency modes of a subway traction substation using a three-phase rectifier.  Detailed power supply modeling and analysis of the harmonic components of line currents and voltages in the high-voltage network were performed. Various operating scenarios are modeled, including normal and emergency conditions when one of the diodes in the rectifier fails. It was found that the harmonic composition has significant changes in the event of a diode failure, which can be used to diagnose the condition of the equipment. The results can be used to optimize the design, operation, and maintenance processes in the urban electric transport sector and other industrial systems, reduce the risk of unforeseen accidents, and ensure the stability of electricity supply. Modeling has shown the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting emergencies and improving the efficiency of traction substation maintenance. The proposed recommendations will help to improve the efficiency, energy efficiency, and reliability of electrical systems, in particular in the industrial sector and large infrastructure projects, providing a more stable and secure power supply.
Features of recognising the type of defect in oil-filled equipment using the nomogram method
Authors: Shutenko Oleg
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the results of analysis of nomograms (graphical areas) of defects in oil-filled equipment of electric networks. The input data were the results of dissolved gas analysis for 2997 transformers and shunt reactors with different types of defects, that is, the training sample. In order to level out possible contradictions in using different criteria, the training sample was split into separate data sets, not only with the same defect type, but also with identical values of characteristic gas ratios, gas percentages and gas-to-gas ratios with maximum concentration. To account for drift of coordinate values of individual nomograms in the obtained arrays, it is proposed to represent defect nomograms in the form of reference regions. The maximum and minimum coordinate values (ratios of each of the gases to the gas with the maximum concentration) obtained for homogeneous arrays of DGA results are used as values of the boundaries of reference regions. The centre of the graphic area coincides with the reference nomogram. As a result, 115 nomograms characteristic of thermal type defects, electrical discharges as well as overheating with different hot spot temperature accompanied by discharges with different energy density and discharges with different energy density accompanied by overheating with different hot spot temperature have been drawn. A brief analysis of the obtained graphic areas is given, the most characteristic damages corresponding to one or another graphic area are considered, and the values of characteristic gas ratios corresponding to the analysed areas are analysed. In the process of analysis it was established that the highest reliability value of defect type recognition can be achieved by simultaneous use of all three diagnostic criteria, namely, values of gas ratios, gas percentages and nomograms (graphic areas) of defects. The obtained results make it possible to significantly increase the number of reference nomograms, which will significantly increase the number of recognisable defects and consequently reduce the risk of accidental damage to oil-filled equipment due to missing defects caused by failure to recognise them.
Modelling of changes in the internal insulation parameters of high-voltage bushing to analyze the reliability of control under operating voltage
Authors: Zagaynova Alexandra , Serdyukova Galina
Published: May 2024

The article considers the modelling of changes in the parameters of the internal insulation of high-voltage bushings for the analysis of the reliability of control under operating voltage. The data of the actually installed input at the substation were used to model the parameters of the internal insulation of the high-voltage input. To assess the relationship between the dielectric losses of the capacitor-type input insulation and its condition, a substitution scheme was used, in which the active power is equal to the power dissipated in the input insulation, and the current is shifted relative to the voltage by the same angle as in this input. The modelled parameters are the capacity of the internal insulation of the input, the active resistance of the input and the resistance that simulates a change in the parameters of the internal insulation. The numerical value of the capacitive current through the insulation of the high-voltage input, the numerical value of the active current, the numerical value of the resistance, and the numerical value of the power loss for this input are calculated. A simplified high-voltage input insulation scheme has been developed. Losses were calculated and evaluated when the tangent of the dielectric loss angle was changed by 2%. The replacement scheme for isolating the high-voltage input without taking into account the possibility of changing the parameters is given. A model was built that allows you to take into account the change in input parameters, to which an additional resistance is connected in parallel. A resistive divider circuit was chosen as the circuit simulating the parameters because it provides sufficient accuracy, stability, and power. The method that was used to simulate the change in the parameters of the internal insulation of the capacitor-type high-voltage inputs can be recommended as an aid to the analysis of the sensitivity of the control device under the operating voltage of the inputs of power transformers.
DFA Analysis Revolutionizes FSAE Steering, Enhancing Efficiency in Automotive Design
Authors: Kurniawan Mukhammad Isa , Mulyadi
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic realm of automotive engineering, particularly in Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) racing, where vehicle assessment is based on efficiency, motor power, chassis dynamics, and steering, there exists a notable focus on steering system design. This research delves into the conceptualization and component development aimed at aiding automotive mechanics in crafting steering systems for FSAE race cars. Employing Solid Edge 2021 software, the study utilizes the Design of Assembly (DFA) analysis method to streamline the mechanical process. Through DFA analysis, the study assesses various Technical Attributes (TAs) of the steering system, revealing values ranging from 0.548 to 1.765. The ideal steering system ensures that the desired steering input by the driver aligns with the output motion of the vehicle, known as the Ackerman condition. Steering gear mechanisms translate rotational motion into translation and adjust the effort applied to the steering linkage. The study's findings contribute to the advancement of steering system design in FSAE vehicles, emphasizing ergonomic considerations and the utilization of advanced software tools like Catia and Solid Edge 2021 for enhanced performance and safety.
Highlight:

FSAE steering: DFA analysis enhances design efficiency for racing vehicles.
Software aid: Solid Edge 2021 streamlines FSAE steering system development.
Ergonomic focus: Design prioritizes driver comfort and vehicle performance optimization.

Keywoard: FSAE vehicles, Steering system design, DFA analysis, Solid Edge 2021, Ergonomics
Optimal Preheating Boosts Aluminium Weld Strength
Authors: Diyanto Rizky Putra Ronal , Akbar Ali
Published: May 2024

Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that preheating has a significant impact on the tensile strength of welded aluminium 5083. Specifically, preheating at 40°C resulted in the highest ultimate tensile strength of 304.535 MPa, representing an 8.748% increase compared to the non-preheated specimen's 301.894 MPa. Conversely, preheating at 80°C led to a notable decline in tensile strength to 253.521 MPa, a decrease of 16.023%. These findings imply that moderate preheating can enhance the weld quality of aluminium 5083, while excessive preheating adversely affects it. This underscores the importance of optimizing preheating temperatures in welding processes to achieve desired mechanical properties. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms affecting tensile strength at various preheating temperatures and to investigate the effects of preheating on other aluminium alloys.
Highlight:

Preheating at 40°C improves tensile strength by 8.748%.
Excessive preheating at 80°C decreases tensile strength by 16.023%.
Optimal preheating temperature crucial for weld quality in aluminium 5083.

Keywoard: Aluminium 5083, Preheating, Tensile Strength, Welding, SMAW
MethylBERT:‬ ‭A‬ ‭Transformer-based‬ ‭model‬ ‭for‬ ‭read-level‬ ‭DNA‬ ‭methylation‬ pattern‬ ‭identification‬ ‭and‬ ‭tumour‬ ‭deconvolution‬
Authors: Lutsik Pavlo , Yeong Yunhee , Rohr Karl
Published: May 2024

DNA methylation (DNAm) is a key epigenetic mark that shows profound alterations in cancer. Read-level methylomes enable more in-depth DNAm analysis due to the broad coverage and preservation of rare cell-type signals, compared to array-based data such as 450K/EPIC array. Here, we propose MethylBERT, a novel Transformer-based model for read-level methylation pattern classification. MethylBERT identifies tumour-derived sequence reads based on their methylation patterns and genomic sequence. Based on the calculated classification probability, the method estimates tumour cell fractions within bulk samples and provides an assessment of the model precision. In our evaluation, MethylBERT outperforms existing deconvolution methods and demonstrates high accuracy regardless of methylation pattern complexity, read length and read coverage. Moreover, we show its potential for accurate non-invasive early cancer diagnostics using liquid biopsy samples. MethylBERT represents a significant advancement in read-level methylome analysis. It will increase the accuracy of tumour deconvolution and enhance circulating tumour DNA studies.
A WeChat platform program (WCPP) for full-process management of patients with cardiac valve interventional surgery based on psycho-cardiology: Protocol of a mixed-method study
Authors: kehan chen , Xu Ying
Published: May 2024

Background Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the third most common cardiovascular disease (CVD), which reduced patients’ quality of life, placing a burden on patients, families and health systems, even life-threatening. Psycho-cardiology was a hot topic in recent years, revealed the relationship between mental illness and heart disease. This mixed-method study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WCPP, which including hospital-to-home transitional care, remote intelligent monitoring and decision AIDS, to promote the physical and mental health of patients.Methods/Design: A mixed-method study was conducted in a cardiac valve interventional surgery (CVIS) center in southwest China. A total of 154 patients will receive the intervention. Patients in the intervention group will receive the WCPP, while patients in the control group will using the traditional surgical management model, both of them will be followed up at the1, 3, 6, 12 months after discharge. The primary outcome is the Chinese version of the short-form General Health Questionnaire (SF-36). Secondary outcome measures including the 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), Patient satisfaction (%), Length of Hospital Stay (LOS). In addition, qualitative research was used to evaluate the psychological state and experience of patients.Discussion Our study is one of the few involving patients with CVIS and the first to use psycho-cardiology in those patients with a full-process management. The study population is mostly from southwest China with a wide range of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Once completed, this study will be a rich resource of information on how to use the remote full-process management platform in CVIS patients.Trial registration: ChiCTR2400081052, Registered on 21 February 2024. The trial complies with SPIRIT and CONSORT guidelines.
High-Density Asymmetric Iron Dual-Atom Sites for Efficient and Ultra-Stable Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Zhang Lili , Zhang Ning , Shang Huishan , Sun Zhiyi , Wei Zihao , Wang Jingtao , Lei Yuanting , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Dan , Zhao Yafei , Sun Zhongti , Zhang Fang , Xiang Xu , Zhang Bing
Published: May 2024

Double-atom catalysts (DACs) have open up novel paradigms in the field of rapidly developing atomic catalysis because of their great potential to promote catalytic performances in various reaction systems. However, increasing the loading and extending the service life of metal active centers represents a grand challenge for the efficient utilization of DACs. Here, we rationally design asymmetric nitrogen, sulfur-coordinated diatomic iron centers on highly defective nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (denoted as A-Fe2S1N5/SNC, A: asymmetric), which possesses the atomic configuration of N2S1Fe-FeN3 moiety. The abundant defects and low-electronegativity heteroatoms in the carbon-based framework endow the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC with a high loading of 6.72 wt%. Furthermore, the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC demonstrates an ultra-low overpotential of 193 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm− 2, outperforming the commercial RuO2 catalysts. In addition, the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC exhibits extraordinary stability, maintaining > 97% activity for over 2000 hours during the OER process. This work provides a practical scheme for simultaneously balancing activity and stability of DACs toward electrocatalysis applications.
Single-cell sequencing analysis of multiple myeloma heterogeneity and identification of new theranostic targets
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yanpeng , Peng Yuanliang , Yang Chaoying , Xiong Dehui , Wang Zeyuan , Peng Hongling , Wu Xusheng , Xiao Xiaojuan
Published: May 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. It is necessary to clarify the heterogeneity of MM and identify new theranostic targets. We constructed a single-cell transcriptome profile of 48 293 bone marrow cells from MM patients and health donors (HDs) annotated with 7 continuous B lymphocyte lineages. Through CellChat, we discovered that the communication among B lymphocyte lineages between MM and HDs was disrupted, and unique signaling molecules were observed. Through pseudotime analysis, it was found that the differences between MM and HDs were mainly reflected in plasma cells. These differences are primarily related to various biological processes involving mitochondria. Then, we identified the key subpopulation associated with malignant proliferation of plasma cells. This group of cells exhibited strong proliferation ability, high CNV scores, high expression of frequently mutated genes, and strong glucose metabolic activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of WNK1 as a target. Our study provides new insights into the development of B cells and the heterogeneity of plasma cells in MM, and suggests that WNK1 is a potential therapeutic target for MM.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a drives dynamic dense body formation for optimal viral infectivity
Authors: Hartmann Stella , Radochonski Lisa , Ye Chengjin , Sobrido-Martinez Luis , Chen Jueqi
Published: May 2024

SARS-CoV-2 uses the double-membrane vesicles as replication organelles. However, how virion assembly occurs has not been fully understood. Here we identified a SARS-CoV-2-driven membrane structure named the 3a dense body (3DB). 3DBs have unusual electron-dense and dynamic inner structures, and their formation is driven by the accessory protein ORF3a via hijacking a specific subset of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and early endosomal membranes. 3DB formation is conserved in related bat and pangolin coronaviruses yet lost during the evolution to SARS-CoV. 3DBs recruit the viral structural proteins spike (S) and membrane (M) and undergo dynamic fusion/fission to facilitate efficient virion assembly. A recombinant SARS-CoV-2 virus with an ORF3a mutant specifically defective in 3DB formation showed dramatically reduced infectivity for both extracellular and cell-associated virions. Our study uncovers the crucial role of 3DB in optimal SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and highlights its potential as a target for COVID-19 prophylactics and therapeutics.
Prognostic effect of the PNI and LSR in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Li Meimei , Wang Yi , Wang Ziming , Chen Xue , Li Hongxia
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been used to assess the immunonutritional status of cancer patients and can predict the prognosis of various solid cancers, and the serum alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) ratio (LSR) is considered a good predictor of liver injury. So we conduct a retrospective cohort analysis of the relationship between the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and LSR or PNI as well as to combine these two indicators (LSR-PNI) for further prognostic analysis in patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy (RT).
Methods
In this study, 134 patients with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed, the Chi-square test was used to compare the count data, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards risk models were used to determine independent risk or prognostic factors. Moreover, we analyzed the combination of the LSR and PNI (LSR-PNI).
Results
Univariate analysis revealed that T stage, M stage, TNM stage, LSR, and PNI were significant prognostic factors associated with OS. The OS of patients in the low-risk group was better than that of patients in the medium-risk group and the high-risk group (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
we found that the prognosis of patients who underwent RT for esophageal cancer was significantly correlated with patient sex, T stage and the PNI. Patients in the low-risk group (high LSR-high PNI) had a longer survival time.
Palladium Catalyzed Aza-Wakcer/Povarov Reaction of Aryl Amines and 1,6-Dienes: Synthesis of Hexahydro-Cyclopenta[b]quinoline Framework
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Jiahao , Tan Xiangwen , Wu Wanqing
Published: May 2024

Palladium catalyzed tandem reaction represents a one-pot synthetic approach to efficiently synthesize complex functionalized molecules while reducing synthetic steps, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. However, achieving a direct cascade of the aza-Wacker and Povarov reactions in one-pot synthesis presents a challenge due to substrate compatibility issues between the two reactions. In this work, we describe an aza-Wacker/Povarov reaction employing a highly electrophilic palladium catalyst, which effectively converts anilines and 1,6-dienes into hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]quinolines. The optimized conditions yield up to 79%, with a diastereoselectivity > 20:1. Substrate range testing revealed compatibility with various sensitive functional groups, and successful late-stage modifications were performed on several natural products and drug molecules, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of the method. Additionally, a preliminary investigation into the reaction mechanism suggests an aza-Wacker process followed by a Povarov process.
GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through ERK activation
Authors: Key Chia-Chi Chuang , Seramur Mary , McDonald Bailey , Davis Matthew Davis , Woods Leah Solberg
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 5 (GRK5) as a genetic factor contributing to obesity pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that Grk5 mRNA is more abundant in stromal vascular fractions of mouse white adipose tissue, the fraction that contains adipose progenitor cells, or committed pre-adipocytes, than in adipocyte fractions. Thus, we generated a GRK5 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte to further investigate the mechanistic role of GRK5 in regulating adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenic stimulation, GRK5 KO pre-adipocytes were unable to achieve mature adipocyte morphology and lipid accumulation compared to wildtype cells coupled with suppressed adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression. Beside GPCR signaling, RNA sequencing and pathway analysis identified insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling to be one of the top 5 significantly dysregulated pathways in GRK5 KO cells. GRK5 KO cells also displayed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK phosphorylation, a downstream target of insulin-stimulated IGF-1 receptor activation, suggesting that GRK5 acts through this critical pathway to impact 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. To find a more translational approach, we identified a new small molecule GRK5 inhibitor that was able to reduce 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. These data suggest that GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through IGF-1 receptor/ERK activation and may be a promising translational target for obesity.
Prenatal Detection of D-TGA and Novel Interventional Program Decrease Time to Balloon Septostomy
Authors: Mattia Donald , Coronado Claire , Garn Byron , Graziano Joseph , McLaughlin Ericka Scheller , Lindblade Christopher
Published: May 2024

Infants with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) are at high risk for hemodynamic compromise in the immediate postnatal period due to dependence on intracardiac mixing for oxygen delivery. This period of profound hypoxemia may have long-term implications, as previous studies demonstrated patients with d-TGA are at increased risk for neurocognitive delays despite effective surgical correction in the neonatal period. Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) is an established intervention that improves intracardiac mixing and perioperative hemodynamics. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the time from birth to BAS and compare short-term outcomes for patients with prenatal and postnatal diagnoses of d-TGA. We identified 68 newborns born with d-TGA who were admitted to our facility between 2013 and 2022 and required BAS within 48 hours after birth. A prenatal diagnosis significantly decreased the time from birth to BAS (9.3 to 2.8 hours, p-value < 0.0001), however, there was no significant difference in other short-term outcomes including lowest SpO2, initial lactate, neurologic complications, time to surgery, or hospital length of stay. During this study, our cardiac interventional team began traveling to a nearby delivery center where a bedside BAS could be performed prior to transferring the patient. This proved to be a safe and effective model, as there were no procedural complications and infants with a prenatal diagnosis born after program implementation had a significantly reduced time to BAS (4.1 to 1.1 hours, p-value < 0.0001).
Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah (Diminishing Partnership) Regulation for Housing Finance in Indonesian and Malaysian Law
Authors: Asyiqin Istianah Zainal , Akbar M. Fabian , Onielda Muhammad Daffa Auliarizky , Farid Adriana Maisarah Binti Mohd
Published: May 2024

The housing business continues to grow along with the increasing need for the fulfillment of housing. This research delves into the application of mushārakah mutanāqiṣah in housing finance within Indonesia and Malaysia, scrutinizing their regulations and relevant governing institutions. Employing a normative legal approach, it explores legal principles, systematics, synchronization, and historical context about this financing method. Employing inductive, deductive, and comparative methods, it analyzes regulations and practices in both countries. By offering insights into the potential and challenges of implementing mushārakah mutanāqiṣah in housing finance, the study aims to provide recommendations for regulatory enhancements, fatwa institutions, product development, and adherence to sharī’ah principles. This research is crucial for deepening understanding and facilitating improvements in various sectors related to housing finance within the context of Islamic finance in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Peta Konsep Kitab Sharḥ Qaṭr al-Nadá wa-Ball al-Ṣadá pada pembelajaran Nahwu di Perguruan Tinggi Islam
Authors: Solekhudin Achmad , Isnaini Moch Amirul , Al Afghani Rahardian
Published: May 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the mind map from the Kitab Sharḥ Qaṭr al-Nadá wa-Ball al-Ṣadá in enhancing the learning of Qawāid Naḥwīyah among first-year students in the Arabic Language Education program at UIN Walisongo Semarang, class of 2023, consisting of 27 students. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The researchers conducted data analysis using a t-test to assess the improvement in learning outcomes. The results showed that the average post-test score (75.11) increased significantly compared to the average pre-test score (44.44), with a p-value of 0.000, indicating a high significance level. These findings suggest that the intervention effectively improved the student's learning outcomes. Thus, the use of the concept map from the Kitab Sharḥ Qaṭr al-Nadá wa-Ball al-Ṣadá has proven to be an effective teaching strategy for Qawāid Naḥwīyah among students.
Assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a case study on Enemor and Ener Woreda, Central Ethiopia Region
Authors: Moshe Alene , Beza Manamno
Published: May 2024

Groundwater is one of the most important contributors to fresh water for humankind in the world. The knowledge of groundwater distribution can play a significant role in the planning and implementation of groundwater management strategies. The major aim of this study was to assess the groundwater potential zone using geographic information system (GIS)-based multicriteria decision analysis in the Enemor and Ener Woreda, Ethiopia. The factors considered in this study are rainfall, geology, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, and soil type. As a result of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it was determined that rainfall and geology are the most influencing factors based on their scoring higher weights. The groundwater potential zone of the study area was categorized into five classes, namely, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. On analysis, most portions of the study area are found to be under the moderate situation, which covers around 540.23 km2 (65.6%) of the study area, whereas very low, low, high, and very high potentiality classes cover 0.002, 10.99, 21.93, and 0.55% of the area, respectively. Approximately 92% of the observed boreholes agreed with the developed map. Finally, the output of this study is important to regional as well as local policymakers for the exploitation of groundwater or management purposes.
RELAÇÃO INTESTINO E SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiano , Rosany de Sales Santiago Patrícia , Felipe Chaves Carvalho Luiz
Published: May 2024

O intestino possui demasiada importância na digestão de alimentos e em sua extensão existem diversas espécies de microrganismos que compõem o microbioma intestinal. A pesquisa objetivou a determinação da importância que os alimentos e o microbioma intestinal exercem sobre o sistema nervoso. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de modo qualitativo e retrospectivo, se utilizando de artigos científicos e livros publicados nas bases de dados: Google acadêmico, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Minha Biblioteca e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A partir da revisão bibliográfica, notou-se a predominância dos filos Bacteroidetes e Firmicutes no microbioma, sendo estes responsáveis diretamente ou indiretamente pela produção de respostas anti-inflamatórias e pró-inflamatórias; e que certas bactérias destes filos são responsáveis pela produção de alguns dos principais neurotransmissores do sistema nervoso central e baseado nos estudos apresentados, podemos relatar que o desequilíbrio no eixo cérebro-intestino pode acarretar diversos distúrbios como: obesidade, Alzheimer, ansiedade e depressão.
Effect of Varying The Content And Length Of Fibers In The Behavior of A Cemented Soil Efecto del Contenido de Fibra y la Variación de Longitud en el Comportamiento de un Suelo Cementado
Authors: Guedes Saul , Coutinho Roberto , Viana da Fonseca Antonio
Published: May 2024

This study presents the results of the effects of variation in the content and length of polypropylene fibers, when inserted into a soil-cement mixture, aiming its use as a primary coating for dirt roads. In this study, the experimental models were used: 5% fast-curing cement, clay sand of the Barreiras geological formation and polypropylene fibers of 6 mm and 24 mm lengths, at levels from 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% relative to the total dry soil-cement mass. After completion of the unconfined compression tests and tensile strength by diametrical compression, it was found that increasing fiber content in the soil-cement matrix provides: increase in resistance of the materials, increase on the voids content and the strain, but, significantly reduces the initial tangent modulus making the more ductile material. In the terms of length, it observed clearly that the 24 mm fiber has a stronger influence on the mechanical behavior when inserted into the matrix of the developed composite material.
Análise comparativa entre duas unidades de conservação no Piauí utilizando os princípios de boa governança
Authors: Júnior Johannes de Oliveira Lima , Rocha Glairton Cardoso , Braga Tácito Fellipe Meneses , Gomes Lucas Samuel Lima
Published: May 2024

A criação de unidades de conservação vem sendo uma importante estratégia para a efetiva redução do desmatamento e preservação ambiental. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa entre as estratégias de  gestão desenvolvidas por duas unidades de conservação distintas no estado do Piauí, o Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades e a Floresta Nacional de Palmares. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com entrevista qualitativa com as duas gestões, utilizando os princípios de boa governança para analisar estas duas unidades. Sendo assim, percebe-se uma, especialmente em função do tempo de existência, apresenta maior maturidade dos dispositivos de gestão. Percebeu-se ainda, que apesar das singularidades, há um permanente esforço em otimizar os resultados ligados à proteção da biodiversidade, bem como, a preocupação com as questões sociais e a solução de conflitos de uso.
Gravimetric inversion applied to the study of the basement relief of the Recôncavo-Tucano-Jatobá Rift System in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Menezes Novais Diego , Da Conceição Batista Joelson , Porsani Milton José
Published: May 2024

This article presents results from the implementation of an inverse modeling algorithm that considers the Bouguer anomaly signal to estimate and gain a better understanding of the boundary between the sedimentary package and the basement of the sub-basins within the Recôncavo-Tucano-Jatobá rift system. The algorithm for modeling the basement relief is considered a medium constituted by a set of discrete two-dimensional prisms with fixed density contrasts between sediment and basement and variable depth. Initially, it was applied to synthetic models, resulting in depth variation curves of the basement top that fit well with the true model. Subsequently, this methodology was applied to satellite gravity data obtained from the high-resolution Earth gravity field model called SGG-UGM-2. The results of this application were compared with the depth of the Moho interface estimated beneath the studied units and obtained through the Parker-Oldenburg methodology. The information produced here allowed the interpretation of the gravity anomaly over the depositional space of the studied basins and the geometry of their basement. Together with the knowledge of their stratigraphy, this interpretation may be analyzed to characterize the region's reservoirs. By interpreting the basement relief in conjunction with the Moho topography, this study portrays the geotectonic evolution of the aulacogen and its association with estimating the depocenters of the Recôncavo, Tucano, and Jatobá sub-basins.
Modelagem computacional do fluxo de percolação em barragem de terra: um comparativo entre modelo bidimensional e tridimensional
Authors: Lopes Maísa de Calda , Menezes Morgado Luiz Gustavo , Pereira Vidal Gustavo Hugo , Ribeiro Mendonça Luiz Alberto , Holanda de Castro Marco Aurélio
Published: May 2024

Neste trabalho foram analisadas simulações de fluxos no maciço e na fundação da barragem Olho d’Água (construída no semiárido brasileiro e monitorada pela Companhia de Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos do Estado do Ceará - COGERH), utilizando o modelo de fluxo 2D estacionário, a partir do aplicativo SEEP/W (com soluções obtidas através do método dos elementos finitos) e o modelo de fluxo 3D transiente, a partir do aplicativo MODFLOW (com soluções obtidas através do método das diferenças finitas). Os resultados mostraram que a modelagem 3D transiente fornece resultados mais precisos, podendo ser uma ferramenta a ser utilizada no entendimento da dinâmica do fluxo percolado em barragens de terra. Soma-se ainda, a possibilidade de implementação do aplicativo MODFLOW como instrumento de monitoramento e análise de fluxo de percolação em barragens de terra, oferecendo insights críticos que podem prevenir falhas e otimizar a gestão de recursos hídricos. Estes avanços são essenciais para o dimensionamento, monitoramento e gestão de barragens, especialmente no contexto desafiador do Nordeste brasileiro, onde as barragens de terra são prevalentes.