bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social short video platform assisted care for adverse psychological symptoms in cancer patients: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Li Shen , Liu Xia , Wang Xia , Wang Yilin , Ma Xuelei
Published: June 2024

The rising psychological issues among cancer patients call for timely treatment. Psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, and distress are particularly common among cancer patients and have a significant impact on their treatment and prognostic outcomes. Distraction has been proven to mitigate mental disorders as a strategy of intervention. Digital tools like social short video platforms offer cost‐effective mental healthcare potential, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies demonstrating their intervention effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the impact of social short video platforms on the psychological well‐being of cancer patients, focusing on anxiety, depression, and distress. We studied 455 digestive system cancer patients using mixed methods. The effect on psychological symptoms was evaluated via cross‐sectional analysis of 392 patients and pre‐post intervention analysis of 63 patients, employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Distress Thermometer. The findings showed lower anxiety, depression, and distress scores among regular users of social short video platforms. The intervention led to reduced anxiety and depression scores. As a prevalent app of social short video platforms, these platforms might be a safe and convenient nonpharmacological assisted tool for enhancing mental health care during cancer treatment.
Clinical leadership in nursing homes: A qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives on concept and characteristics
Authors: Nachtergaele Sabrina , De Roo Nele , Allart Jolien , De Vriendt Patricia , Embo Mieke , Cornelis Elise
Published: June 2024

Aim(s)

To conceptualise and identify characteristics of clinical leadership in the nursing home setting.

Design

A qualitative study using semi‐structured focus group interviews and a thematic analysis.

Methods

Five semi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted with 41 healthcare professionals from nursing and other healthcare disciplines working in nursing homes (such as nurse assistants, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses (RNs), occupational therapists, recreational therapists, psychologists and gerontologists). Qualitative thematic content analysis of the gathered data was done.

Results

Clinical leaders in nursing homes can be defined as passionate healthcare professionals providing person‐centred care with strong communication skills. They are clinical experts in their field and motivated to engage in lifelong learning. They are team players with informal leadership skills. They are visionary, committed, resilient and responsive. Awareness of the definition and the main characteristics of clinical leadership is necessary to facilitate the identification, support and development of healthcare professionals. Focussing on the development of competencies, training courses and monitoring and assessment methods is necessary to improve the evidence of clinical leadership in nursing homes.
High‐performance PPS/PEEK blend and its composites with milled carbon fiber: Study on their mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties
Authors: Tiwari Shilpi , Bag Dibyendu S. , Mishra Preeti , Lal Gobardhan , Dwivedi Mayank
Published: June 2024

The high‐performance PPS/PEEK blends/composites were prepared with different mass ratios using polyphenylene sulphide (Solvey, Ryton®‐R‐4‐230 NA) and polyetherether ketone (Victrex, PEEK450 GL 30). All the blend samples had a single Tg, which revealed good compatibility between PPS and PEEK. The Tm was increased from 279.6 to 339.9°C due to addition of PEEK into PPS. Also, addition of PEEK into the blend increased the impact and tensile strength of the PPS material. The impact strength of the blend, PPS/PEEK (20/80) exhibited the maximum value of 113.64 J/m which was higher than that of PPS (70.66 J/m). The tensile strength of the blend was increased continuously with increasing the content of PEEK from 20 to 80 wt. % and reached the maximum value of 160.64 MPa. Additionally, milled carbon fiber (MCF) was also incorporated in order to obtain high strength PPS/PEEK blends/composites with good dielectric property. The dielectric performance of the composites was observed to increase with MCF content (in the frequency range 5.8 to 18 GHz).

Highlights

This investigation relates to high‐performance PPS/PEEK blends and composites.

Incorporation of milled carbon fiber resulted promising dielectric properties.

Such composites may have Advanced structural EMI shielding electronics and/or aerospace applications.
Filme von Licht im Elektronenmikroskop
Authors: Nabben David , Kuttruff Joel , Baum Peter
Published: June 2024

Mit der Attosekunden‐Elektronenmikroskopie können optische Antworten und elektronische Reaktionsmechanismen in komplexen Materialien direkt in Raum und Zeit gefilmt werden. Wir erreichen dabei simultan eine räumliche Auflösung im Bereich einzelner Nanometer sowie eine Zeitauflösung im Attosekunden‐Bereich, schneller als die Oszillationen von Licht. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methode demonstrieren wir an einigen nanophotonischen Metamaterialien. Sie ist darüber hinaus zum Beispiel in der Katalysatorforschung oder der Entwicklung neuer elektronischer Schaltkreise anwendbar.
Synthesis of Anisotropic Gold Microparticles via L‐Glutathione‐Mediated Pathways in Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Yang Zhenxu , Yin Qiankun , He Mengfan , Chong Shin‐Wei , Xu Zhejun , Liu Xiaochen , Vega‐Sánchez Christopher , Jaiswal Arun , Vigolo Daniele , Yong Ken‐Tye
Published: June 2024

Microfluidic‐assisted synthesis of nanoparticles has generated significant interest for its precise control and high throughput capabilities. Among various nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown remarkable potential in numerous applications, such as disease detection, photothermotherapy, drug delivery, and even defense applications. Recent synthesis strategy of peptide‐mediated method has sparked greater interest by offering unique chiroptical properties and their applications in biomedical applications. In this study, the use of droplet microfluidics is explored for the synthesis of peptide‐mediated AuNPs, aiming to accelerate automated production via flow chemistry. This method leads to the formation of anisotropic gold particles, with sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to the micron scale. The interfacial energy is identified at the water/oil interface as a critical factor influencing this outcome, with L‐glutathione (L‐GSH) playing a significant role in the development of hyper‐branched structures. These results demonstrate the capability of droplet microfluidics in producing anisotropic gold particles at micron scales, presenting new possibilities for the advancement of nanoparticle synthesis techniques.
Multifunctional Coupling System of Topological Edge Waveguide and Corner State Cavity Based on Honeycomb Photonic Crystals
Authors: Gao Yong‐Feng , He Yue , Rouzi Subinuer , Fang Yi‐Jun , He Yi‐Han , Yang Ming , Hou Qi‐Chao
Published: June 2024

Recently, the topological edge waveguide and corner state cavity have attracted the extensive attention of researchers due to their excellent characteristics with robustness to defects and localization to cavity in manipulating signal transmission, respectively. Herein, topologically trivial and nontrivial photonic crystals (PCs) are realized by shrinking and expanding the honeycomb lattice, and achieve gapped and continuous edge states in the constructed topological edge waveguides with zig‐zag and armchair interfaces by combining two kinds of PCs with different topologies, respectively. In addition, corner states are realized by constructing box‐shaped structure with zig‐zag interfaces, and verify that the corner states appearing around the obtuse‐angle corners are topologically protected to introduced defects in the structure. Moreover, a waveguide‐cavity coupling system based on an armchair waveguide and a rhomboid cavity is proposed, which can realize multifunction of the signal delay and filtering at specific frequencies. Furthermore, a coupling system consisting of two waveguide and a cavity is constructed to implement beam splitting and filtering, and the stability of the system is greatly improved compared with the traditional optical devices because of the topological property. This work presents a novel approach for the design of micro‐nano integrated photonic devices such as filters, storages, and splitters.
A resource‐based view of entrepreneurial spin‐outs
Authors: Mella‐Barral Pierre
Published: June 2024

We examine a rationale for entrepreneurial spin‐outs, when employing firms are not protected from expropriation by their employees, built on the resource‐based view of the firm. We consider a repeated innovations setting and develop the dynamics of the entrepreneurial spin‐out decision. The implications for the gradual development of a sector of activity are in line with existing empirical findings.
Effect of single versus grouped culture of human cumulus–oocyte complexes in PCOS women treated with biphasic in vitro maturation: A sibling oocyte pilot study
Authors: Pham Huy H. , Le Anh H. , Nguyen Tri C. , Ma Mai P. Q. , Akin Nazli , Pham Toan D. , Nguyen Minh H. N. , Le Ho L. , Huynh Bao G. , Smitz Johan , Ho Tuong M. , Vuong Lan N.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the differences in the maturation rate of single versus grouped cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) culture methods for capacitation in vitro maturation (CAPA‐IVM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

This study was performed at My Duc Phu Nhuan Hospital, Vietnam from October 1, 2020 to October 24, 2021. Women aged 18–37 years with a diagnosis of PCOS were recruited. COCs from each woman were randomly divided into two groups: single or grouped culture during CAPA‐IVM culture. The primary outcome was the maturation rate.

Results

A total of 322 COCs from 15 eligible women included were randomly assigned to the two study groups. The maturation rate was comparable between the single and grouped culture groups (61.3% vs. 64.8%; p = 0.56). There were no significant differences in the number of 2‐pronuclei fertilized oocytes, number of day‐3 embryos, and number of good‐quality embryos in the two culture method groups. In the single culture group, COCs morphology was associated with the day‐3 embryo formation rate but not the maturation rate.

Conclusions

Comparable oocyte maturation and embryology outcomes between single and grouped COCs culture utilizing sibling COCs derived from women with PCOS suggest the feasibility of both methods for CAPA‐IVM culture.
Co and Ni Ratio Modulation‐Derived Electron Deficient Pd Trimetallic Catalysts for Enhanced Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Li Xiao , Jiang Hui , Zhu Yuejin , Hu Shuozhen , Zhang Xinsheng
Published: June 2024

PdCoNi trimetallic catalysts attracted extensive interest in direct formic acid fuel cells due to high poisoning resistance and high activity for formic acid electro‐oxidation (FAO). Herein, a series of Pd0.75CoxNiy/C alloys with a modulated ratio of Co and Ni are synthesized to investigate the effect of Co and Ni content on the electronic structure of Pd for FAO. The physical analysis demonstrated that the introduction of Co and Ni induces the lattice strain effect compared to monometallic Pd catalysts. As a consequence of fixing the total amount of Co and Ni, the strain effect is restricted, and the electronic perturbation of Pd is successfully regulated by varying the ratio of Co and Ni in Pd0.75CoxNiy/C trimetallic alloys. Pd loses more electrons, the bond strength of Pd−H is weakened, and FAO activity is enhanced first and then decreased as the Co content increases. Among the trimetallic catalysts, Pd0.75Co0.125Ni0.125/C trimetallic catalyst exhibits the highest current density of 3.253 mA cm−2 owing to the optimum electronic perturbation and Pd−H bond strength. This work provides a valuable guideline for future studies of Pd‐based trimetallic alloys.
Sodium Octahydridotriborate as a Solid Electrolyte with Excellent Stability Against Sodium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Chen Xin‐Wei , Kang Jia‐Xin , Fan Zi‐Heng , Zhang Na , Zhang Wan‐Yu , Zhang Guo‐Guo , Zhu An‐Qi , Lu Zhi‐Wei , Qiu Pengtao , Wu Yiying , Chen Xuenian
Published: June 2024

Solid‐state sodium metal batteries have been extensively investigated because of their potential to improve safety, cost‐effectiveness, and energy density. The development of such batteries urgently required a solid‐state electrolyte with fast Na‐ion conduction and favorable interfacial compatibility. Herein, the progress on developing the NaB3H8 solid‐state electrolytes is reported, which show a liquid‐like ionic conductivity of 0.05 S cm−1 at 56 °C with an activation energy of 0.35 eV after an order‐disorder phase transformation, matching or surpassing the best single‐anion hydridoborate conductors investigated up to now. The steady polarization voltage and significantly decreased resistance are achieved in the symmetric Na/NaB3H8/Na cell, indicating the great electrochemical stability and favorable interfacial contact with the Na metal of NaB3H8. Furthermore, a Na/NaB3H8/TiS2 battery, the first high‐rate (up to 1 C) solid‐state sodium metal battery using the single‐anion hydridoborate electrolyte, is demonstrated, which exhibits superior rate capability (168.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 141.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C) and long‐term cycling stability (70.9% capacity retention at 1 C after 300 cycles) at 30 °C. This work may present a new possibility to solve the interfacial limitations and find a new group of solid‐state electrolytes for high‐performance sodium metal batteries.
Additive Manufacturing of Grid Reservoir‐Integrated Anodes for Dendrite‐Free, Safe, and Ultra‐Low Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Batool Saima , Hu Weizhao , Chen Deliang
Published: June 2024

This work reports a novel 3D printed grid reservoir‐integrated mesoporous carbon coordinated silicon oxycarbide hybrid composite (3DP‐MPC‐SiOC) to establish the zincophile interphase for controlling the dendrite formation. The customized 3D printed grid patterned structure inhibits Zn dendrite growth and achieves long‐term stability with reduced voltage polarization due to homogeneous electric field distribution. The hybrid composite consisting of SiOC interpenetrated within carbon constructs a high zinc nucleation interphase, hence promoting uniform Zn2+ deposition and enhancing ionic diffusion with dendrite‐free growth and a reduced nucleation energy barrier. As a result, the 3DP‐MPC‐SiOC@Zn symmetrical cell affords a highly reversible Zn plating/stripping and dendrite‐free structure over 198 h with an ultra‐low voltage polarization. These inspiring performances endow the 3DP anode with a 3DP‐VO cathode as a full battery, which shows a retention capacity of 78.8 mAh g−1 (Coulombic efficiency: 94.04%) at 0.1 A g−1 and a large energy density of 41 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.2 W kg−1 (based on the total mass of electrode) after 120 cycles. This newly developed 3D printing of hybrid composite as an electrode is straightforward and scalable and provides a novel concept for realizing dendrite‐free and stable rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries.
Enhancing Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Novel Formamidine Group Additive
Authors: Zhang Jing , She Yutong , Zhu Yujie , Su Hang , Zheng Xinxin , Yao Yuyin , Li Deng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: June 2024

Perovskite materials, particularly FAPbI3, have emerged as promising candidates for solar energy conversion applications. However, these materials are plagued by well‐known defects and suboptimal film quality. Enhancing crystallinity and minimizing defect density are therefore essential steps in the development of high‐performance perovskite solar cells. In this study, 1H‐Pyrazole‐1‐carboximidamide hydrochloride (PCH) is introduced into FAPbI3 perovskite films. The molecular structure of PCH features a pyrazole ring bonded to formamidine (FA). The FA moiety of PCH facilitated the incorporation of this additive into the film lattice, while the negatively charged pyrazole ring effectively passivated positively charged iodine vacancies. The presence of PCH led to the fabrication of an FAPbI3 device with improved crystallinity, a smoother surface, and reduced defect density, resulting in enhanced Voc and fill factor. A record power conversion efficiency of 24.62% is achieved, along with exceptional stability under prolonged air exposure and thermal stress. The findings highlight the efficacy of PCH as a novel additive for the development of high‐performance perovskite solar cells.
Pd@CuInP2S6 Core–Shell Nanospheres with Exceptional Hydrogen Evolution Capability and Stability in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media under Large Current Density Exceeding 1000 mA cm−2
Authors: Fu Guoshuai , Xie Kangfan , Yan Bo , Yu Peng , Tan Xin , Liu Pu , Yang Guowei
Published: June 2024

By combining Pd with 2D layered crystal CuInP2S6 (CIPS) via laser irradiation in liquids, low‐loading Pd@CIPS core–shell nanospheres are fabricated as an efficient and robust electrocatalysts for HER in both alkaline and acidic media under large current density (⩾1000 mA cm−2). Pd@CIPS core–shell nanosphere has two structural features, i) the out‐shell is the nanocomposite of PdHx and PdInHx, and ii) there is a kind of dendritic structure on the surface of nanospheres, while the dendritic structure porvides good gas desorption pathway and cause the Pd@CIPS system to maintain higher HER activity and stability than that of commercial Pt/C under large current densities. Pd@CIPS exhibits very low overpotentials of −218 and −313 mV for the large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, and has a small Tafel slope of 29 and 63 mV dec−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1 m KOH condition, respectively. Meanwhile, Pd@CIPS has an excellent stability under −10 and −500 mA cm−2 current densities and 50 000 cycles cyclic voltammetry tests in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1 m KOH, respectively, which being much superior to that of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that engineering electronic structure of PdHx and PdInHx nanostructure can strongly weaken the Pd─H bonding.
Privacy‐preserving security monitoring data sharing of new power system based on batch verification ring signature
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Hao , Zhang Yiming , Zhao Yitao , Yin Shaoyang
Published: June 2024

To meet the increasing electricity demand and achieve the goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”, it is urgent to develop a new power system with new energy as the main body and large‐scale integration of power intelligent electronic devices. However, the large‐scale access to intelligent devices will bring new network security issues. In response to network security threats, a power grid network security situational awareness system is established to assess the security situation of the power grid and strengthen the network security. Cloud data sharing enables security monitoring data to flow faster and be fully used to facilitate security situational research and judgment. Nevertheless, in reality, issues such as privacy leakage, data tampering, and unauthorized access hinder the application of cloud data sharing. To solve the above problems, we propose a new secure sharing scheme for power system security monitoring data based on batch verification ring signature. In this scheme, we design a batch verification ring signature algorithm to guarantee users' anonymity and promote the efficiency of data sharing. Then, we formally prove that our scheme achieves three security features: anonymity, confidentiality, and unforgeability. Finally, experimental simulations show that our scheme's computational cost is less than half that of other schemes, which also has lower communication overhead.
Stereological and behavioural analysis reveals the better neuroprotective effect of cinnamaldehyde than berberine chloride in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Mehboodi Dariush , Shahedi Abbas , Namavar Mohammadreza , Zakizadeh Fatemeh , Teymoori Arezoo
Published: June 2024

Background

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is characterized by the hindrance of blood flow to the brain due to obstruction in the carotid arteries. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of berberine chloride (BBR) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) against GCI in male Wistar rats were investigated, and their efficacy was compared.

Methods

Twenty‐four rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, GCI, GCI + BBR, and GCI + CA. 100 mg/kg of BBR and CA were administered five minutes and six hours after inducing GCI by occluding two common carotids for 20 minutes.

Results

The findings showed that both compounds mitigated GCI‐induced damage to the hippocampus and its subfields, and CA demonstrated better neuroprotective efficacy than BBR. These results was also supported by behavioural tests, which revealed better memory function in GCI + CA compared to GCI + BBR.

Conclusion

The study showed the neuroprotective impact of CA and BBR against GCI, and CA emerged as a more effective therapeutic agent against GCI‐induced damage. Further research is necessary to uncover the specific mechanisms behind these differences.
Strongly Kreiss bounded operators in UMD Banach spaces
Authors: Deng Chenxi , Lorist Emiel , Veraar Mark
Published: June 2024

In this paper we give growth estimates for $$\Vert T^n\Vert $$

‖

T
n

‖

for $$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

in the case T is a strongly Kreiss bounded operator on a $${{\,\textrm{UMD}\,}}$$

UMD

Banach space X. In several special cases we provide explicit growth rates. This includes known cases such as Hilbert and $$L^p$$

L
p

-spaces, but also intermediate $${{\,\textrm{UMD}\,}}$$

UMD

spaces such as non-commutative $$L^p$$

L
p

-spaces and variable Lebesgue spaces.
Optimization of SLIPI–polarization ratio imaging for droplets sizing in dense sprays
Authors: Garcia S. , Stiti M. , Doublet P. , Lempereur C. , Orain M. , Berrocal E.
Published: June 2024

In this article, structured laser illumination planar imaging and polarization ratio techniques are successfully combined to size droplets in various optically dense sprays. The polarization ratio approach is based on the acquisition of the perpendicular and parallel polarized components of Lorenz–Mie scattered light, for which the ratio is proportional to the surface mean diameter, D21. One of the main advantages of this technique, compared to some other laser imaging techniques for particle sizing, is that no fluorescent dye is required. This makes the technique suitable for characterizing sprays under evaporation conditions, such as combustion or spray drying applications. In addition, the SLIPI technique aims at suppressing the detection of multiple light scattering and at extracting the desirable single-light scattering signal. To test the reliability of this novel approach, an industrial hollow-cone nozzle is used, injecting at 50 bar water mixed with Glycerol (in the range of 0–60%). The first aim of this work is to study the experimental parameters that influence the reliability of the technique, such as the polarization orientation of the incident light, the refractive index of the injected liquid and the variation of the droplet size distribution. Using Phase Doppler Anemometry, the results show that a linear calibration is obtained for droplets ranging between 10 and 70 μm, when the incident illumination has a polarization set to 10° and 20°. In addition, this article demonstrates the feasibility of the technique for the measurement of liquids having a refractive index reaching 1.41. In the last stage of this work, after rotating the nozzle every 5°, a 3D tomographic reconstruction of D21 is performed. This demonstrates the robustness and efficiency of the technique for droplet sizing in 3D, under challenging conditions.
Prognostic risk factors for early outcomes of patients with myelomeningocele: a prospective study
Authors: Naseri Alavi Seyed Ahmad , Rezkhah Amir , Majdi Alireza , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Bagheri Mohammad Mehdi , Jafarzadeh Fateme , Kobets Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a prevalent form of neural tube defect. Despite advancements in treatment, MMC still poses significant health risks, including complications leading to chronic disability and mortality. Identifying prognostic risk factors for early outcomes is crucial for tailored intervention strategies.

Methods

This prospective study involved newborns and infants diagnosed with MMC who underwent surgery between 2020 and 2023 at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data and surgical outcomes were collected, and participants were followed up for six months. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, and independent t-test.

Results

The study included 29 MMC cases, with an incidence rate of 1.4 per 10,000 live births. Lesions were predominantly located in the lumbar spine. Although mortality rates appeared to increase with ascending lesion sites, this trend was not statistically significant. Short-term outcomes revealed high morbidity and mortality rates, with neurological deficits being the most prevalent complication. Multivariable analysis identified head circumference as a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.86, p = 0.04). Furthermore, an increase in birth weight was associated with a reduction in the incidence of requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.998 to 0.999, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

This prospective study highlights prognostic risk factors for early outcomes in MMC patients, emphasizing the need for personalized intervention strategies. By addressing modifiable risk factors and implementing targeted interventions, healthcare providers can strive to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for MMC patients.
The Influence of River Plume Discharge and Winds on Sediment Transport into a Coastal Mangrove Environment
Authors: Vundavilli Hemanth , Mullarney Julia C. , MacDonald Iain T.
Published: June 2024

We investigate how the physical forcing factors of river discharge and winds affect sediment delivery to, and retention within, mangrove-lined coastal regions. We use an idealized numerical model, broadly similar to the Firth of Thames deltaic system in New Zealand, to isolate and explore the underlying processes without some of the complexities of the real system. Total sediment transport and the relative contributions of riverine and bed-sourced sediment into the forest are assessed using a transect along the edge of the forest region. The model results demonstrate that both river discharge and winds alter the distribution of sediment transport, and that the spatial patterns relate to different regions of the river plume. At the river mouth (the near-field region), irrespective of the discharge employed, sediment fluxes are directed into the mangrove forest, indicating an accretionary environment consistent with satellite observations. Here, contributions from the riverine and bed-sourced sediments are similar. For small to medium discharge scenarios (up to $$\sim$$
∼
280 m$$^{3}$$

3

 s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, flow speeds $$\sim$$
∼
0.6 m s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

), mass loads increase with river discharge. However, in the case of large discharge events, the high momentum in the near-field region allows the river plume to effectively transport sediment through the full width of forested region and out of the forest front. In the mid- and far-field regions of the plume, tidal influences also play a stronger role. Suspended sediment is primarily composed of bed-sourced material and transported out of the forest. Weaker winds are found to affect the far- and mid-field regions of the river plume. Stronger winds are able to reshape the entire plume structure, also including the near-field, such that sediment deposition is enhanced when winds are directed towards the forest.
From Quarry to Monument: Considering Mardin Stone (SE, Türkiye) as the Symbol of Architectural and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Dursun Felat
Published: June 2024

The cultural and architectural significance of stone becomes evident as one traces its journey from quarry to monument. Located in southeastern Türkiye, Mardin City presents an urban landscape characterized by stone-built heritage. This transforms Mardin into an open-air museum where the final stone products are exhibited. In addition to its cultural and historical significance, the present study explores the geological, physical, mechanical, mineralogical, petrographic, and chemical properties of the Mardin Stone through the samples collected from the Artuklu, Midyat and Savur districts of Mardin. The Mardin Stone is represented by two different types of limestone deposited during the Cretaceous-Eocene period, categorized as fossiliferous micritic limestone and micritic limestone. The physicomechanical and thermal characteristics suggest that the samples collected from the Artuklu district exhibit better engineering properties than those from the Midyat and Savur districts. The study mapped ancient and modern quarries, illustrating the significance of the stone extraction and crafting techniques used to produce the Mardin Stone. Additionally, it emphasized the ongoing use of stone in contemporary structures, its vital role in heritage conservation, and its export to various countries, notably for use in the Syriac diaspora churches. The evaluations demonstrate that the Mardin Stone, with its diverse architectural applications and symbolic element of the collective memory, meets the essential standards and criteria of the International Union of Geological Sciences-Heritage Stone Subcommission (IUGS-HSS) as a potential candidate for designation as Heritage Stone.
Intrauterine Exposure to Phthalates and Child Growth in the First Year of Life: Results from the BiTwin Cohort
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia , Barros Henrique , Severo Milton , Sakhi A. K. , Thomsen C. , Ramos Elisabete
Published: June 2024

Phthalates are among the endocrine-disrupting compounds with higher widespread in daily life. Our objective was to assess the associations between maternal exposure to phthalates assessed by urinary phthalate metabolites and growth at birth and in the first year of life. The BiTwin cohort (479 single and 246 multiple pregnancies) was recruited as part of the HEALS project (2017–2019). Evaluations were conducted at birth, 4, 8, and 12 months after childbirth. To mitigate the dependency on twins, we randomly selected one child per family. Birth weight was abstracted from clinical files, and parameters for the first year were based on the child health book. The maternal urine was collected at birth, and phthalate metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The association between weight growth curves and phthalates was estimated by fixed regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals calculated through linear mixed effects models. All models include a fixed effect for time and time square and a random intercept and slope by individual. For birth weight, after adjustment, overall, a negative association was found but only statistically significant for mono-n-butyl phthalate metabolite β = − 0.195 (95% CI − 0.372; − 0.018). In general, the results are similar by sex, but for di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate, we found associations in the opposite directions. Regarding growth trajectories for the first year of life, overall, no statistically significant associations were found. However, the sum of di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites presented a positive statistically significant association β = 0.062 (95%CI 0.002; 0.121) after further adjustment for breastfeeding duration. A positive association was also found for Mono-iso-butyl phthalate in males (β = 0.236 (95%CI 0.063; 0.409)). Higher maternal phthalate concentrations tended to be associated with lower birth weight, although they did not reach statistical significance. Regarding the first year of life, di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate presented a positive statistically significant association with growth.
Analysis of the Mesoscale Asymmetric Rainbands during the Slow Northward-Moving Period of Typhoon In-Fa (2021)
Authors: Yang Shunan , Lu Yixiong , Hu Yi , Chen Boyu , Song Zhenya , Chu Min
Published: June 2024

After making landfall, Typhoon In-Fa (2021) moved slowly, resulting in heavy rainfall and flooding across fourteen provinces in China. This extreme precipitation was primarily linked to the evolution of active mesoscale convective systems. This study analyzes the characteristics and causes of mesoscale rainbands during In-Fa’s slow northward-moving period, aiming to identify the key factors that influence the detailed evolution of typhoon rainbands and to enhance typhoon quantitative precipitation forecasting skill. In-Fa’s mesoscale asymmetric rainbands can be categorized into three types: mesoscale spiral rainbands, a convective rainband to the east of In-Fa, and a rainband to the north of In-Fa. Mesoscale low-level jets are a critical factor in the development of mesoscale spiral rainbands. The wind speed gradient near these jets, along with the convergence of wind directions between two jets, fosters low-level convergence and upward motion, triggering the evolution of several mesoscale rainbands. The convective rainband to the east of In-Fa flourishes under conditions of high humidity and energy, displaying distinct diurnal variations. This is due to the strengthening of low-level jets at night, which enhances both dynamic convergence and water vapor availability. The presence of moderate to strong convective available potential energy (600–1500 J kg−1), substantial whole-layer water vapor (relative humidity exceeding 90–95%), and a high 0 °C-layer favors the development of efficient warm-cloud convective precipitation, leading to intense hourly rainfall. The rainband to the north of In-Fa is primarily associated with cold air intrusion in the lower troposphere, although the interaction between typhoon and mid-latitude systems has not yet occurred. At the interface between cold and warm air, the colder air to the north side sinks while the warmer air to the south side rises, forming a secondary circulation that supports the development and persistence of precipitation on the north side of the typhoon. These findings offer a conceptual model for accurately predicting precipitation associated with typhoons that move slowly northward after landfall.
Recent Advances in Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Detection of Inorganic Acidic Gases
Authors: Kong Lingnan , Gong Yuanke , Zhong Xiaoyu , Liu Yang , Wan Bo , Xie Quanhua , He Yuanyuan , Peng Xiaoling , Chang Haixing , Zhong Dengjie , Liu Huiling , Zhong Nianbing
Published: June 2024

An acidic gas is an important basic chemical raw material used for synthesizing fertilizers, insecticides, explosives, dyes, and salts. Alternatively, inorganic acidic gases that leak into the air have harmful effects on the human health, infrastructure, and cultural relics. Therefore, the demand for inorganic acidic gas sensors for air quality monitoring and management has continuously increased, enabling the development of various sensing technologies. Among them, fiber-optic sensors are promising for acidic gas detection because of their excellent in-situ measurement, resistance to corrosion, anti-electromagnetic interference, long service life, and smart structure. In particular, fiber-optic sensors have proven to be very useful for the in-situ detection and distributed monitoring of multiple gas parameters. However, the sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and limits of detection of these sensors can be improved to achieve acceptable performance levels for practical applications. In this review, we introduce fiber-optic sensors based on structured optical fibers and fiber gratings for detecting H2S, SO2, NO2, CO2, and N2O. The structures of the sensing regions, gas-sensitive materials, and measurement principles of these sensors are presented. The sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, and response time of the sensors are summarized. Finally, the future of fiber-optic sensors for the detection of inorganic acidic gases is discussed.
A hybrid model to improve IC-related metrics of semantic similarity between words
Authors: Xiao Jia
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a hybrid model to improve Information Content (IC) related metrics of semantic similarity between words, named IC+SP, based on the essential hypothesis that IC and the shortest path are two relatively independent semantic evidences and have approximately equal influences to the semantic similarity metric. The paradigm of IC+SP is to linearly combine the IC-related metric and the shortest path. Meanwhile, a transformation from the semantic similarity of the concepts to that of the words is presented by maximizing every component of IC+SP. 13 improved IC-related metrics based on IC+SP are formed and implemented on the experimental platform HESML Lastra-Díaz (Inf Syst 66:97–118, 2017). Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on well-accepted benchmarks for the improved metrics compare to those for the original ones to evaluate IC+SP. I introduce the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test needing no standard distribution hypothesis, while, this hypothesis is required by T-Test on the sample of small size. T-Test, as well as the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, conduct on the differences of the correlative coefficients for improved and original metrics. It is expected that the improved IC-related metrics could significantly outperform their corresponding original ones, and the experimental results, including the comparisons of mean and maximum of correlation coefficients as well as the p-value and confidence interval of both tests, accomplish the anticipation in the vast majority of cases.
Highly Efficient Drive System for Elastocaloric Heat Pumps and Cooling Systems
Authors: Unmüßig Sabrina , Burghardt Andreas , Schäfer-Welsen Olaf , Bartholomé Kilian
Published: June 2024

The need for alternative cooling technologies aside from compressor based cooling is growing since more and more refrigerants get regulated. One promising technology is cooling with the elastocaloric effect by using a phase change of elastocaloric materials that induces a temperature change within the material. The crucial point in the commercialization of this technology is the efficiency of the elastocaloric system including elastocaloric material and the drivetrain. Literature often gives values for the efficiency without including the actuator that drives the system although this is necessary to determine the overall total efficiency. In this study, we introduce a highly efficient drive system based on energy recuperation and deduce the efficiency of this concept. The actuator drive consists of an oscillating armature and is driven by reluctance forces. For the characterization of the system, the elastocaloric material is exchanged with preloaded springs. This gives rise to the possibility of measuring the efficiency of the actuator system itself without considering the elastocaloric material. The efficiency of the drive system is determined to be $${\eta }_{\text{A}}=95.7 \%$$

η
A

=
95.7
%

.
LGBTQ+  Youth Identity Disclosure Processes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad , Chong Norman , Earnshaw Valerie A. , Layland Eric K.
Published: June 2024

Disclosure, as a complex social process, profoundly influences the well-being of LGBTQ + youth. This study, guided by the disclosure process model, systematically reviews and synthesizes LGBTQ + youth disclosure literature, considering it as a developmental, multi-component process across various contexts. After screening 5,433 articles, 29 studies were identified, focusing on identity-disclosure processes among LGBTQ + youth aged 26 or younger. These studies were scrutinized for disclosure process components, individual and contextual factors shaping disclosure, and potential bias. Findings reveal a predominant focus on avoidance goals (e.g., fear of rejection, LGBTQ + stigma) rather than approach goals (e.g., seeking belonging, authenticity) in studies examining the disclosure decision-making process. Reactions to disclosures were often mixed, initially leaning negative but evolving positively over time. Mental health emerged as the most studied outcome of disclosure. Additionally, disclosure processes were shaped by disclosure recipients, social context, and cultural beliefs. In conclusion, research on LGBTQ + youth disclosure is advancing and evolving, with increasing attention to disclosure goals and outcomes. Rather than viewing disclosure as a singular event, this review underscores LGBTQ + youth identity disclosure as a complex, developmental process extending over time and across diverse contexts.
Analysis of pore-fracture structure evolution and permeability in tar-rich coal under high-temperature pyrolysis using μCT technology
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Cheng Zhongyan , Huang Jiaqi , Li Gaigai
Published: June 2024

To study the internal evolution characteristics of tar-rich coal under high-temperature pyrolysis and improve pyrolysis efficiency, three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of tar-rich coal from northern Shaanxi after high-temperature pyrolysis were conducted using μCT technology. The evolutionary development of pore and fracture structure at different temperatures and the relationship between pore-fractures and permeability was studied and discussed. The results show that when tar-rich coal from 300 to 600 °C, it mainly undergoes two stages: in the first stage, the internal substance structure of the coal mainly undergoes thermal cracking, forming large fracture bands; in the second stage, the coal undergoes intense pyrolysis reactions, resulting in primarily circular or elliptical large pore structures within the coal, with a reduction in the number of fractures. Furthermore, a strong exponential relationship is exhibited between the porosity and permeability of tar-rich coal, and a predictive equation is provided. When the temperature exceeds 500 °C, the coupled effect of pores and fractures contributes more than 20% to permeability, and its impact cannot be ignored.
A psychological network analysis of the relationship among component importance measures
Authors: Rocco Claudio M. , Barker Kash , Moronta Jose , González Andrés D.
Published: June 2024

Importance measures (IMs) in networks are indices that allow the analysis and evaluation of the network components that are most critical to the performance of the network. Such information is useful for a decision-maker as it enables taking actions to prevent or improve the performance of the network in the face of changing operational events (e.g., the identification of important links that should be hardened or made redundant). This paper presents an approach to analyze the relationships between the IMs through the use of so-called psychological networks, which estimate the characteristics of a new kind of network wherein the “nodes” correspond to IMs and the connecting links and their capacities are derived statistically using the IMs calculated. Such estimation does not use any a priori information of relationships among IMs. The approach proposed in this work defines an equivalence paradigm not described previously in the literature between the approach used in psychology and the IMs used to measure networks. As a result, the main characteristics of the relationships among IMs are derived, such as magnitude, sign, and robustness of the selected IMs. An example related to a transportation network and a set of flow-based IMs illustrates the contribution of psychological networks for understanding how the IMs interact.
Distribution of cotton leaf curl virus species/strain and characterization of associated satellite molecules in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Pawar Tapish , Sharma Shikha , Arora Rupesh Kumar , Biswas Kajal Kumar
Published: June 2024

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major threat to cotton production throughout the world. In the present study, cotton crop in the South-Western districts of Punjab was monitored and surveyed for CLCuD. Begomoviruses and associated betasatellites and alphasatellites found in infected cotton plants with the CLCuD complex were sequenced partially. Here, we studied ten partial sequences for the characterization of CLCuD complex. Pairwise sequence analysis revealed that CLCuD-begomovirus isolates from Mansa is a close relative of cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) while isolates from Bathinda and Abohar are members of CLCuMuV-Rajasthan strain. The betasatellite isolates characterized in this study shared 58.8–87.6% nt sequence homology with each other and showed maximum nucleotide sequence identity with cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The alphasatellite isolates from Bakainwala and Muktsar showed maximum nt identity with cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMuA) and Gossypium darwani symptomless alphasatellite (GDrSLA) respectively.
Failure of Pavlik Harness Treatment in Infants Under 6 Months Old with Dislocated Hips: Short- and Intermediate-Term Results of Subsequent Treatment Modalities
Authors: Imerci Ahmet , Thacker Mihir M. , Bowen James Richard
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to determine the short- and medium-term outcomes of hip dislocation in infants who failed Pavlik harness therapy and were subsequently treated with brace, closed reduction (CR) or open reduction (OR) before 6 months of age.

Methods

Fifty infants (66 hip dislocations) who failed Pavlik harness therapy between 2000 and 2018 and were treated with a rigid abduction brace or undergoing a CR or OR/cast were evaluated. All demographic data obtained from the medical system, developments and complications during the follow-up and treatment process were recorded and evaluated.

Results

Fifty infants (66 hips) with dislocated hips failed Pavlik harness therapy. Of these, 9 infants (12 hips) underwent rigid abduction splint therapy: 9 hips were successful, 2 hips had CR and 1 had OR. Thirty-eight infants (51 hips) had index CR, of which 3 (3 hips) failed and had OR. Radiographs of 49 hips (44 patients) were normal at the final evaluation. Pavlik harness therapy starting after 3 weeks (P = 0.028) and unilateral dislocations (P = 0.028) increased the risk of needing operating room. There was an association between OR and avascular necrosis (P = 0.025), but not between OR and other complications—dysplasia and re-dislocation/subluxation (P = 0.257 and P = 0.508, respectively).

Conclusion

Closed treatment of hip dislocation is possible in most babies who fail Pavlik treatment. Babies who are started on Pavlik therapy after 3 weeks of age may be at increased risk of needing an operating room.

Level of Evidence

IV.
A review of point cloud segmentation for understanding 3D indoor scenes
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Zhang Xudong , Miao Yongwei
Published: June 2024

Point cloud segmentation is an essential task in three-dimensional (3D) vision and intelligence. It is a critical step in understanding 3D scenes with a variety of applications. With the rapid development of 3D scanning devices, point cloud data have become increasingly available to researchers. Recent advances in deep learning are driving advances in point cloud segmentation research and applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in point cloud segmentation for understanding 3D indoor scenes. First, we present public point cloud datasets, which are the foundation for research in this area. Second, we briefly review previous segmentation methods based on geometry. Then, learning-based segmentation methods with multi-views and voxels are presented. Next, we provide an overview of learning-based point cloud segmentation, ranging from semantic segmentation to instance segmentation. Based on the annotation level, these methods are categorized into fully supervised and weakly supervised methods. Finally, we discuss open challenges and research directions in the future.