bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of shock-induced particle jetting
Authors: Xue Kun , Du Kaiyuan , Shi Xiaoliang
Published: May 2018

The dispersion of particle rings or shells by a radially divergent shock front trailed by the pressurized gases takes the form of hierarchical particle jetting. Through a semi-two-dimensional configuration, we characterize the evolution of the jetting pattern using the boundary tracking technique. In contrast to the refined filamentary jetting spread induced by the dispersal of soft and ductile flour particles, the hard and brittle quartz sand particles are dispersed into a finger-like branched pattern with much fewer jets. The interplay between the primary and secondary jets suffices to reverse the flour jetting pattern, which by contrast is negligible in the quartz sand jetting. The distinct jetting patterns displayed by the flour and quartz sand particles are related with the distinguishable networks of force chains invoked in two particles which dictate the nucleation of jets.
Molecular continua for polymeric liquids in large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow
Authors: Giacomin A. Jeffrey , Saengow Chaimongkol
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we connect a molecular description of the rheology of a polymeric liquid to a continuum description, and then test this connection for large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow. Specifically, for the continuum description, we use the 6-constant Oldroyd framework, and for the molecular, we use the simplest relevant molecular model, the suspension of rigid dumbbells. By relevant, we mean predicting at least higher harmonics in the shear stress response in LAOS. We call this connection a molecular continuum, and we examine two ways of arriving at this connection. The first goes through the retarded motion expansion, and the second expands each of a set of specific material functions (complex, steady shear, and steady uniaxial extensional viscosities). Both ways involve in comparing the coefficients of expansions and then solve for the six constants of the continuum framework in terms of the two constants of the rigid dumbbell suspension. The purpose of a molecular continuum is that many well-known results for rigid dumbbell suspensions in other flow fields can also be easily obtained, without having to firstly find the orientation distribution function. In this paper, we focus on the recent result for the rigid dumbbell suspension in LAOS. We compare the accuracies of the retarded motion molecular continuum (RMMC) with the material function molecular continuum (MFMC). We find the RMMC to be the most accurate for LAOS.
LÉVY–VASICEK MODELS AND THE LONG-BOND RETURN PROCESS
Authors: BRODY DORJE C. , HUGHSTON LANE P. , MEIER DAVID M.
Published: May 2018

The classical derivation of the well-known Vasicek model for interest rates is reformulated in terms of the associated pricing kernel. An advantage of the pricing kernel method is that it allows one to generalize the construction to the Lévy–Vasicek case, avoiding issues of market incompleteness. In the Lévy–Vasicek model the short rate is taken in the real-world measure to be a mean-reverting process with a general one-dimensional Lévy driver admitting exponential moments. Expressions are obtained for the Lévy–Vasicek bond prices and interest rates, along with a formula for the return on a unit investment in the long bond, defined by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the price at time [Formula: see text] of a [Formula: see text]-maturity discount bond. We show that the pricing kernel of a Lévy–Vasicek model is uniformly integrable if and only if the long rate of interest is strictly positive.
The Amazing Power of Dimensional Analysis: Quantifying Market Impact
Authors: Pohl Mathias , Ristig Alexander , Schachermayer Walter , Tangpi Ludovic
Published: May 2018

This paper complements the inspiring work on dimensional analysis and market microstructure by Kyle and Obizhaeva (2017). Following closely these authors, our main result shows, by a similar argument as usually applied in physics, the following remarkable fact. If the market impact of a meta-order only depends on four well-defined and financially meaningful variables, and some obvious scaling relations as well as the assumption of leverage neutrality are satisfied, then there is only one possible form of this dependence. In particular, the market impact is proportional to the square-root of the size of the meta-order.

This theorem can be regarded as a special case of a more general result of Kyle and Obizhaeva. These authors consider five variables which might have an influence on the size of the market impact. In this case, one finds a richer variety of possible functional relations which we precisely characterize. We also discuss the analogies to classical arguments from physics, such as the period of a pendulum.
Feature Representation Using Deep Autoencoder for Lung Nodule Image Classification
Authors: Mao Keming , Tang Renjie , Wang Xinqi , Zhang Weiyi , Wu Haoxiang
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the problem of lung nodule image classification, which plays a key role in lung cancer early diagnosis. In this work, we propose a novel model for lung nodule image feature representation that incorporates both local and global characters. First, lung nodule images are divided into local patches with Superpixel. Then these patches are transformed into fixed‐length local feature vectors using unsupervised deep autoencoder (DAE). The visual vocabulary is constructed based on the local features and bag of visual words (BOVW) is used to describe the global feature representation of lung nodule image. Finally, softmax algorithm is employed for lung nodule type classification, which can assemble the whole training process as an end‐to‐end mode. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on the widely used public available ELCAP lung image database. Experimental results with regard to different parameter setting, data augmentation, model sparsity, classifier algorithms, and model ensemble validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Poncet’s Disease in the Preclinical Phase of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nyo Myat Tun Lin , Ally Mahmood M. T. M. , Van Duuren Elsa Magreta , Arendse Regan
Published: May 2018

We report on a patient with seropositive polyarthritis retrospectively diagnosed as Poncet’s disease in the preclinical phase of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Our patient developed rheumatoid arthritis more than 2 years after being successfully treated for pulmonary tuberculosis and an initial inflammatory polyarthritis consistent with the diagnosis of Poncet’s disease. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing Poncet’s disease in a patient presenting with polyarthritis in order to avoid inappropriate long-term disease modifying antirheumatic treatment. It also illustrates the need for adequate follow-up of patients with Poncet’s disease after treatment with antituberculosis treatment so that progression to a primary inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis may be identified timeously. Although seropositivity for rheumatoid arthritis has been reported in Poncet’s disease as well as in tuberculosis, it is rather uncommon, and long-term follow-up of patients with Poncet’s disease is essential particularly if they have positive serological tests for rheumatoid arthritis. In this case report, we describe the first reported case of Poncet’s disease in the preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis and review the literature related to this rare disease presentation.
Energy Efficiency TDMA/CSMA Hybrid Protocol with Power Control for WSN
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Ling , Xie Jian , Zhang Zhaolin
Published: May 2018

Wireless sensors network (WSN) is widely used in the Internet of Things at present. However, limited energy source is a critical problem in the improvement and practical applications of WSN, so it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency. As another important evaluation criterion of transmission performance, throughput should be improved too. To mitigate both of the problems at the same time, by taking the advantages of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) at the medium access control (MAC) layer of WSN, we propose a hybrid TDMA/CSMA MAC layer protocol. Meanwhile, we design a novel power control scheme to further reduce the energy consumption and optimize the transmission slots. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol significantly improves the throughput and energy efficiency.
Prevention of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice with the Antimicrobial Peptide Sublancin
Authors: Wang Shuai , Huang Shuo , Ye Qianhong , Zeng Xiangfang , Yu Haitao , Qi Desheng , Qiao Shiyan
Published: May 2018

Sublancin is a glycosylated antimicrobial peptide produced byBacillus subtilis168 with combined antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of sublancin on immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. In normal mice, the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages was significantly enhanced by oral administration of sublancin (1.0 mg/kg body weight) to BALB/c mice for 7 days (P<0.01). In addition, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αin peritoneal macrophages from sublancin- (1.0 mg/kg body weight) administered mice was significantly increased (P<0.05). In cyclophosphamide-treated mice, oral sublancin administration accelerated the recovery of peripheral white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobins, and platelets and enhanced the macrophage phagocytic activity. Furthermore, sublancin restored the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 in the spleen. Finally, the intestinal absorption of sublancin was poor as detected in the Caco-2 transwell system. Taken together, these findings suggest that sublancin plays a crucial role in the protection against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and could be a potential candidate for use in immune therapy regimens.
Corticobasal Syndrome Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hashimoto Ritsuo , Ogawa Tomoko , Tagawa Asako , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: May 2018

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) due to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain MRI showed marked cortical atrophy, several small infarctions in the deep white matter, and mild white matter changes, all of which were probably due to thrombosis manifestations of APS and could also be related to the CBS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of CBS due to APS. It is noteworthy that although the common underlying pathologies of the CBS are neurodegenerative diseases, either primary or secondary APS can manifest itself as the CBS.
A Structural Pounding Formulation Using Systematic Modal Truncation
Authors: Shi Jianye , Bamer Franz , Markert Bernd
Published: May 2018

The evaluation of the response function of the structural pounding problem is generally time‐consuming if high‐order systems are applied. The well‐known modal truncation strategy is outstandingly efficient for a single linear ground‐accelerated structure. However, for the analysis of the structural pounding problem, the classical modal truncation technique turns out to be ineffective as additional higher frequency motion due to possible contact impact occurs. This makes the determination of how many modes should be taken into account in order to obtain a required level of accuracy more difficult. Therefore, in this paper, a systematically controlled modal truncation strategy adapted to the seismic pounding formulation under consideration of high nonlinearity and nonsmoothness of contact problems is introduced. A comparative study of the classical and the controlled modal truncation technique is presented and a comparison with the commercial software package ABAQUS© is provided. It is shown that the computational accuracy is significantly improved when applying the new systematically controlled modal truncation strategy.
Network Analysis of MERS Coronavirus within Households, Communities, and Hospitals to Identify Most Centralized and Super-Spreading in the Arabian Peninsula, 2012 to 2016
Authors: Adegboye Oyelola A. , Elfaki Faiz
Published: May 2018

Contact history is crucial during an infectious disease outbreak and vital when seeking to understand and predict the spread of infectious diseases in human populations. The transmission connectivity networks of people infected with highly contagious Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia were assessed to identify super-spreading events among the infected patients between 2012 and 2016. Of the 1379 MERS cases recorded during the study period, 321 (23.3%) cases were linked to hospital infection, out of which 203 (14.7%) cases occurred among healthcare workers. There were 1113 isolated cases while the number of recorded contacts per MERS patient is between 1 (n=210) and 17 (n=1), with a mean of 0.27 (SD = 0.76). Five super-important nodes were identified based on their high number of connected contacts worthy of prioritization (at least degree of 5). The number of secondary cases in each SSE varies (range, 5–17). The eigenvector centrality was significantly (p<0.05) associated with place of exposure, with hospitals having on average significantly higher eigenvector centrality than other places of exposure. Results suggested that being a healthcare worker has a higher eigenvector centrality score on average than being nonhealthcare workers. Pathogenic droplets are easily transmitted within a confined area of hospitals; therefore, control measures should be put in place to curtail the number of hospital visitors and movements of nonessential staff within the healthcare facility with MERS cases.
Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism after Diagnostic Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Maemura Keita , Kage Hidenori , Isago Hideaki , Takeshima Hideyuki , Makita Kosuke , Amano Yosuke , Takai Daiya , Ohishi Nobuya , Nagase Takahide
Published: May 2018

Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAAE) is an extremely rare complication of diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, reported to occur once about every 103978 examinations. In all the eight cases of CAAE reported previously, the patients had undergone transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) or transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) prior to the onset of CAAE. Herein, we describe the case of a 77-year-old patient with double primary lung cancer who developed CAAE after bronchial curette cytology, which is considered to be less invasive than TBLB or TBNA. The patient was treated with supplemental oxygen, but paresis of the left upper arm and left spatial neglect remained. This is the first report of CAAE occurring after bronchial curettage during diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Convergence of a Two‐Step Iterative Method for Nondifferentiable Operators in Banach Spaces
Authors: Kumar Abhimanyu , Gupta Dharmendra K. , Martínez Eulalia , Singh Sukhjit
Published: May 2018

The semilocal and local convergence analyses of a two‐step iterative method for nonlinear nondifferentiable operators are described in Banach spaces. The recurrence relations are derived under weaker conditions on the operator. For semilocal convergence, the domain of the parameters is obtained to ensure guaranteed convergence under suitable initial approximations. The applicability of local convergence is extended as the differentiability condition on the involved operator is avoided. The region of accessibility and a way to enlarge the convergence domain are provided. Theorems are given for the existence‐uniqueness balls enclosing the unique solution. Finally, some numerical examples including nonlinear Hammerstein type integral equations are worked out to validate the theoretical results.
Crossed Unfused Ectopic Pelvic Kidneys: A Case Illustration
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , AbuSamra Murad M. , El-Merhi Fadi , El-Hajj Albert
Published: May 2018

Crossed unfused ectopia constitutes a very rare variant of ectopic kidneys, with an approximate incidence of 1 : 75000. We hereby describe a rare case of an incidental finding of crossed unfused ectopic kidneys, in a 45-year-old gentleman incidentally found to have a bladder lesion. The unique blood supply of his kidneys has also been described. The present case also highlights the different subtypes of renal ectopia, the different embryological hypotheses behind their presentation, and the various systematic anomalies, associated with them. Variations in vasculature of ectopic kidneys have been only described in case reports and are crucial to recognize in case any further intervention is needed.
TNFRSF19 Inhibits TGFβ Signaling through Interaction with TGFβ Receptor Type I to Promote Tumorigenesis
Authors: Deng Chengcheng , Lin Yu-Xin , Qi Xue-Kang , He Gui-Ping , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Hao-Jiong , Xu Miao , Feng Qi-Sheng , Bei Jin-Xin , Zeng Yi-Xin , Feng Lin
Published: May 2018

Genetic susceptibility underlies the pathogenesis of cancer. We and others have previously identified a novel susceptibility gene TNFRSF19, which encodes an orphan member of the TNF receptor superfamily known to be associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lung cancer risk. Here, we show that TNFRSF19 is highly expressed in NPC and is required for cell proliferation and NPC development. However, unlike most of the TNF receptors, TNFRSF19 was not involved in NFκB activation or associated with TRAF proteins. We identified TGFβ receptor type I (TβRI) as a specific binding partner for TNFRSF19. TNFRSF19 bound the kinase domain of TβRI in the cytoplasm, thereby blocking Smad2/3 association with TβRI and subsequent signal transduction. Ectopic expression of TNFRSF19 in normal epithelial cells conferred resistance to the cell-cycle block induced by TGFβ, whereas knockout of TNFRSF19 in NPC cells unleashed a potent TGFβ response characterized by upregulation of Smad2/3 phosphorylation and TGFβ target gene transcription. Furthermore, elevated TNFRSF19 expression correlated with reduced TGFβ activity and poor prognosis in patients with NPC. Our data reveal that gain of function of TNFRSF19 in NPC represents a mechanism by which tumor cells evade the growth-inhibitory action of TGFβ.

Significance:

TNFRSF19, a susceptibility gene for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other cancers, functions as a potent inhibitor of the TGFβ signaling pathway.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3469/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3469–83. ©2018 AACR.
Long Noncoding RNA AB074169 Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Modulation of KHSRP-Mediated CDKN1a Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Gou Qiheng , Gao Linbo , Nie Xinwen , Pu Wenchen , Zhu Jingqiang , Wang Yichao , Liu Xuesha , Tan Shuangyan , Zhou Jian-Kang , Gong Yanqiu , He Juan , Wu Ke , Xie Yuxin , Zhao Wanjun , Dai Lunzhi , Liu Lunxu , Xiang Rong , Wei Yu-Quan , Zhang Lin , Peng Yong
Published: May 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as a novel class of regulators in gene expression associated with tumorigenesis. However, the role of lncRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. Here, we conducted global lncRNA profiling and identified lncRNA AB074169 (lncAB) as significantly downregulated in PTC. Decreased expression of lncAB in PTC was caused by CpG hypermethylation within its gene promoter. Functional studies showed that lncAB overexpression led to cell-cycle arrest and tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo, whereas lncAB knockdown promoted cell proliferation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that lncAB bound KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) and also decreased expression of KHSRP, thus increasing CDKN1a (p21) expression and decreasing CDK2 expression to repress cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that lncAB functions as a tumor suppressor during PTC tumorigenesis.

Significance: These findings identify a tumor-suppressive long noncoding RNA in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4163/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4163–74. ©2018 AACR.
Does Exercise Have a Preventive Effect on Secondary Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients Following Local Treatment - A Systematic Review
Authors: Baumann Freerk T. , Reike Alexandra , Hallek Michael , Wiskemann Joachim , Reimer Vanessa
Published: May 2018

Background: Secondary lymphedema (SL) is a possible side effect of breast cancer treatment. Current data describe a positive influence of exercise on upper lymphedema. This systematic review evaluates studies examining a potential preventive effect of exercise on SL incidence. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, LIVIVO, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Results: 8 randomized controlled trials were included in the review. 3 studies investigated the effect of strength training, and 5 the effect of combined exercise therapy. 5 studies included participants without lymphedema at study entry, and 3 studies included both patients with and without lymphedema. The partly significant results showed that progressive strength training as well as combined dynamic exercise therapies consisting of physiotherapy, physical therapy, and/or kinesiotherapy are safe and can prevent SL. Onset as well as diagnosis of lymphedema were significantly decreased in 5 studies in the exercise group. Conclusion: All 8 studies included indicate a potential preventive effect of exercise on SL; however, further research is needed.
Früherkennung des Lungenkarzinoms durch CT-Screening - Herausforderungen für die europäische Gesundheitspolitik
Authors: Schütte Wolfgang , Möller Miriam
Published: May 2018

Background: Lung cancer kills more Europeans than any other cancer. In 2013, 269,000 citizens of the EU-28 died from this disease. Lung cancer CT screening has the potential to detect lung cancer at an early stage and improve mortality. All of the randomised controlled trials and cohort low-dose CT (LDCT) screening trials across the world have identified very early stage disease (~70%); the majority of these LDCT trial patients were suitable for surgical interventions and had a good clinical outcome. The 10-year survival in CT screen-detected cancer was shown to be even higher than the 5-year survival for early stage disease in clinical practice at 88%. Methods: Setting up of an EU Commission expert group can be done under Article 168(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, to develop policy and recommendation for Lung cancer CT screening. The Expert Group would undertake: (a) assist the Commission in the drawing up policy documents, including guidelines and recommendations; (b) advise the Commission in the implementation of Union actions on screening and suggest improvements to the measures taken; (c) advise the Commission in the monitoring, evaluation and dissemination of the results of measures taken at Union and national level. Results: This EU Expert Group on lung cancer screening should be set up by the EU Commission to support the implementation and suggest recommendations for the lung cancer screening policy by 2019/2020. Conclusion: Reduce lung cancer in Europe by undertaking a well-organised lung cancer CT screening programme.
Influence of the Vitreoretinal Interface on the Treatment with Anti-VEGF for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Gil Pedro , Gil João  , Oliveira Nuno , Laíns Inês , Camilo Eduardo Nery Rossi , Fonseca Cristina , Raimundo Miguel , Cachulo Maria da Luz , Silva Rufino
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the vitreoretinal interface on the outcomes of different ranibizumab regimens for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods: We conducted a retrospective subanalysis of 2 prospective clinical trials. Patients were treated with ranibizumab for 12 months according to 3 different regimens: pro-re-nata (PRN), treat and extend (T&E), and monthly. Vitreoretinal interface was assessed for absence (group ON) or presence (group OFF) of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Results: We included 64 eyes from 64 patients. Visual improvement was poorer for group ON (0.3 ± 10.7 letters) than for group OFF (9.2 ± 13.3; p = 0.007). A significant difference in letters of improvement between groups was observed in the PRN cohort (ON: –5.0 ± 12.9; OFF: 11.4 ± 11.9; p = 0.003), but not in the cohorts with monthly (ON: 5.7 ± 7.8; OFF: 7.9 ± 15.2; p = 0.735) or T&E (ON: 4.3 ± 4.3; OFF: 7.8 ± 11.1; p = 0.424) treatment. Conclusion: The negative impact of absence of PVD is regimen dependent, with monthly dosing providing similar outcomes to PVD patients. In the absence of PVD (group ON), PRN should be avoided, and T&E might be an alternative.
Spontaneous Resolution of Chiari 1-Associated Syringomyelia: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ramnarayan R. , Ganesh C.V. Shankar , Kumar Ramesh
Published: May 2018

Background: Traditional teaching is that Chiari 1 malformations with syrinx should be operated as soon as possible. We present 2 cases of a radiologically proven Chiari 1 malformation with syrinx which were treated nonoperatively and improved radiologically. Methods: Two children with an MRI-proven Chiari 1 malformations were followed up nonoperatively for 7 years (2010–2017). One was a boy aged 8 years and the other a girl aged 9 years at first presentation. Their parents were not interested in a surgical option and so it was decided to adopt a wait-and-watch policy. Both patients were followed up with a regular half-yearly clinical examination and yearly MRI studies (2010–2017). Results: It was found that, in both of them, the initial cough during swallowing and the headache improved. Serial MRI showed that the hind-brain protrusion was reduced and syrinx diminished or resolved well. Conclusions: Some children with Chiari I and syringomyelia may show spontaneous resolution of symptoms and syringomyelia. Large registry studies will be needed to determine how likely it is that Chiari-associated syringes will resolve, and whether there are particular anatomic or neurologic differences between those who require surgery and those who don’t.
Downregulated PITX1 Modulated by MiR-19a-3p Promotes Cell Malignancy and Predicts a Poor Prognosis of Gastric Cancer by Affecting Transcriptionally Activated PDCD5
Authors: Qiao Fengchang , Gong Pihai , Song Yunwei , Shen Xiaohui , Su Xianwei , Li Yiping , Wu Huazhang , Zhao Zhujiang , Fan Hong
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: PITX1 has been identified as a potential tumor-suppressor gene in several malignant tumors. The molecular mechanism underlying PITX1, particularly its function as a transcription factor regulating gene expression during tumorigenesis, is still poorly understood. Methods: The expression level and location of PITX1 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining in gastric cancer (GC). The effect of PITX1 on the GC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. To explore how PITX1 suppresses cell proliferation, we used PITX1-ChIP-sequencing to measure genome-wide binding sites of PITX1 and assessed global function associations based on its putative target genes. ChIP-PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and promoter reporter assays examined whether PITX1 bound to PDCD5 and regulated its expression. The function of PDCD5 in GC cell apoptosis was further examined in vitro and in vivo. The relationship between the PITX1 protein level and GC patient prognosis was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-19a-3p, which is related to PITX1, was also detected by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Results: The expression level of PITX1 was decreased in GC tissues and cell lines. Elevated PITX1 expression significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of GC cells and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. PITX1 knockdown blocked its inhibition of GC cell proliferation. PITX1 bound to whole genome-wide sites, with these targets enriched on genes with functions mainly related to cell growth and apoptosis. PITX1 bound to PDCD5, an apoptosis-related gene, during tumorigenesis, and cis-regulated PDCD5 expression. Increased PDCD5 expression in GC cells not only induced GC cell apoptosis, but also suppressed GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PITX1 expression was regulated by miR-19a-3p. More importantly, a decreased level of PITX1 protein was correlated with poor GC patient prognosis. Conclusion: Decreased expression of PITX1 predicts shorter overall survival in GC patients. As a transcriptional activator, PITX1 regulates apoptosis-related genes, including PDCD5, during gastric carcinogenesis. These data indicate PDCD5 to be a novel and feasible therapeutic target for GC.
Presença e Ausência do ut Completivo em Plauto: A Estrutura, alguma Bibliografia e Dados Globais
Authors: Mazzanti Junior Alex
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objeto o estudo da presença e ausência do ut completivo em Plauto, com os verbos principais facio e uolo complementados por subjuntivo. Primeiramente, discuto a estrutura em questão, fazendo a diferenciação entre duas possíveis leituras dos termos “parataxe” e “hipotaxe”. Por conta da polêmica indefinição do termo “parataxe”, opto por sempre utilizar “justaposição” para me referir à estrutura em questão quando sem uso da conjunção. Em seguida, apresento a análise de dois autores que apresentam recolhas que visam ser exaustivas dos exemplares, mas que analisaram a questão sob outra perspectiva e com outros objetivos. Por fim, apresento os resultados globais quantitativos de minhas próprias recolhas relativas à complementação de subjuntivo dos verbos facio e uolo em Plauto. Embora ambos os verbos apresentem exemplares ora com e ora sem o ut, a distribuição da estrutura tem números opostos, evidenciando a necessidade de que sejam analisados separadamente.
A Utilização da Arquitetura por Otávio Augusto na Construção do Principado, de 31 a.C. à 27 a.C.
Authors: Cunha Macsuelber De Cássio Barros da
Published: May 2018

No período que compreende o início do Principado, Roma foi palco de um extraordinário desenvolvimento e sofisticação no que concerne à arquitetura. Essa monumentalidade arquitetônica que se estabeleceu em Roma, teve em Otávio Augusto o seu maior idealizador, que se utilizou da arquitetura a fim de propagar uma imagem positiva de si e de seu governo. Tratamos neste trabalho sobre a forma como Augusto, entre os anos de 31 a.C. à 27 a.C., se utilizou da arquitetura, das construções e reconstruções de edifícios públicos para promover o engrandecimento da Vrbs e perpetuar seu nome e seus feitos na memória das futuras gerações. Dedicamos maior atenção ao ano de 29 a.C., quando Otávio Augusto regressou a Roma e após realizar seu triunfo consagrou alguns edifícios no Fórum Romano, promovendo uma verdadeira mudança topográfica neste es-paço. Concentramos-nos também no ano de 28 a.C., quando Otávio empreende uma ampla res-tauração de mais de 80 templos, além de consagrar um novo templo dedicado a Apolo, no Palatino, demonstrando seu comprometimento com seus concidadãos e com os deuses, ressaltando ainda mais a pietas com que regia seus atos.
O Iconoclasmo Bizantino: Modos de Integração e Desintegração no Mediterrâneo
Authors: Fernandes Caroline Coelho
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer um estudo que pode se inserir na perspectiva da corrente historiográfica intitulada ‘Global History’, com ênfase na história Mediterrânea e análise do Iconoclasmo Bizantino. Pretendemos, dessa forma, demonstrar suas consequências para o Mediterrâneo no século VIII, especialmente para os romanos e para os árabes, uma vez que, nesse período, Constantinopla era o principal centro econômico, religioso e social do Mediterrâneo, devido à sua posição estratégica situada ao mesmo tempo na Ásia e na Europa. Neste sentido, iremos expor como esse acontecimento atingiu não somente a parte oriental do globo, que, no referido recorte, teve como principal ocorrência a expansão islâmica, como a ocidental, com a antiga capital dos romanos e a ascensão de Carlos Magno, através das noções de integração e desintegração mediterrânica.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection During 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Destounis Antonios , Kalogeropoulos Petros , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Ntineri Angeliki , Stergiou George S.
Published: May 2018

This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a novel 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitor (Microlife WatchBP O3 Afib) with implemented algorithm for automated atrial fibrillation (AF) detection during each ABP measurement. One hundred subjects (mean age 70.6±8.2 [SD] years; men 53%; hypertensives 85%; 17 with permanent AF; 4 paroxysmal AF; and 79 non-AF) had simultaneous 24-hour ABP monitoring and 24-hour Holter monitoring. Among a total of 6410 valid ABP readings, 1091 (17%) were taken in ECG AF rhythm. In reading-to-reading ABP analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ABP monitoring in detecting AF were 93%, 87%, and 88%, respectively. In non-AF subjects, 12.8% of the 24-hour ABP readings indicated false-positive AF, of whom 27% were taken during supraventricular premature beats. There was a strong association between the proportion of false-positive AF readings and that of supraventricular premature beats (
r
=0.67;
P
<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that in paroxysmal AF and non-AF subjects, AF-positive readings at 26% during 24-hour ABP monitoring had 100%/85% sensitivity/specificity (area under the curve 0.91;
P
<0.01) for detecting paroxysmal AF. These findings suggest that in elderly hypertensives, a novel 24-hour ABP monitor with AF detector has high sensitivity and moderate specificity for AF screening during routine ABP monitoring. Thus, in elderly hypertensives, a 24-hour ABP recording with at least 26% of the readings suggesting AF indicates a high probability for AF diagnosis and should be regarded as an indication for performing 24-hour Holter monitoring.
Relation of RhoA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells With Severity of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm
Authors: González-Montelongo María del Carmen , Egea-Guerrero Juan José , Murillo-Cabezas Francisco , González-Montelongo Rafaela , Ruiz de Azúa-López Zaida , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana , Vilches-Arenas Angel , Castellano Antonio , Ureña Juan
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

Rho-kinase, an effector of RhoA, is associated with various cardiovascular diseases in circulating blood cells. However, the role of RhoA/Rho-kinase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not yet been studied in relation to the severity of this disease. Therefore, we analyzed the expression and activity of RhoA as a possible biomarker in aSAH.

Methods—

Twenty-four patients with aSAH and 15 healthy subjects were examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected, and RhoA activity and expression were determined by RhoA activation assay kit (G-LISA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, respectively. The severity of aSAH was determined from the World Federation of Neurological Surgeon scale, and vasospasm was evaluated using clinical symptoms, arteriography, and sonography.

Results—

RhoA expression was significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients on days 0, 2, and 4 after aSAH versus healthy subjects (
P
=0.036, 0.010, and 0.018, respectively, by
U
Mann–Whitney analysis). There was a significant correlation between RhoA expression and injury severity on days 2 and 4 (Spearman test, day 2:
r
=0.682, n=14,
P
=0.007; day 4:
r
=0.721, n=14,
P
=0.004). No significant correlation was observed on day 0 (day 0:
r
=0.131, n=6,
P
=0.805). Active RhoA was not significantly different in patients and healthy subjects on days 0, 2, and 4 (
P
=0.243, 0.222, and 0.600, respectively) nor did it increase significantly on days 0 and 2 in patients with vasospasm versus patients without vasospasm (
P
=0.064 and 0.519, respectively). In contrast, active RhoA was significantly higher on day 4 in patients who developed vasospasm versus patients without vasospasm (
P
=0.028).

Conclusions—

Our preliminary results indicate that RhoA expression and activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells might be related with aSAH severity and cerebral vasospasm. RhoA is a potential biomarker of the risks associated with aSAH.
Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools)
Authors: TIMMS BRIAN V
Published: May 2018

Recent collections from the remote Kimberley in Western Australia, have added three species to the known fauna of gnammas, Limnadopsis multilineata Timms, 2009 and two new species described herein, Eulimnadia kimberleyensis sp. nov. and Ozestheria pellucida sp. nov.. A further gnamma icon, Paralimnadia laharum sp. nov. is added from the Grampians in western Victoria. The numerous records of clam shrimps from Australian gnammas are examined.
Two new genera and two new species of cicadas from Central America (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae)
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F.
Published: May 2018

New Neotropical cicada genera and species are described. Dazollina petilunca n. gen., n. sp. (Zammarini: Dazina) is described from Costa Rica and Guatemala, Muraoides costaricensis n. gen., n. sp. (Hyantiini) is described from Costa Rica. An updated generic key to the Dazina and Hyantiini are provided.
DNA-based association and description of the larval stage of Apatania theischingerorum Malicky 1981 (Trichoptera, Apataniidae), with notes on its ecology
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GONZÁLEZ MARCOS A. , MARTÍN LUIS , MARTÍNEZ JESÚS , ERZINGER FELICITAS , PAULS STEFFEN U.
Published: May 2018

The hitherto unknown larva of Apatania theischingerorum Malicky 1981 is described, based on the association with adult females using sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase region. Genetic data confirmed the distinct status of this taxon within the parthenogenetic Apatania muliebris complex (Schmid 1954). We provide information on the morphology of the larva and figure the most important diagnostic features. Apatania theischingerorum is morphologically close to A. fimbriata (Pictet 1834). In the context of the Apataniidae key of Waringer et al. (2015), the species pair can be separated by pleural setation patterns on abdominal segment I and by their distribution ranges in Europe: A. fimbriata is known from the Alps, the western and central highlands, the western plains, the Hungarian lowlands and the Carpathians, whereas A. theischingerorum has been recorded exclusively on the Iberian peninsula.
Two new species of Laonice (Norgensia) (Spionidae, Polychaeta) from subtropical Atlantic and subequatorial Pacific coasts of North America
Authors: SIKORSKI ANDREY , PAVLOVA LYUDMILA
Published: May 2018

Two new species, Laonice costaricensis sp. nov. and L. rasmusseni sp. nov., belonging to the subgenus Norgensia Sikorski et al., 2017 were found in material from the Pacific collected from Coco Island off the coast of Costa Rica and from the Atlantic collected from Sapelo Island off the coast of Georgia (USA), respectively. Laonice cosaricensis is very close morphologically to L. lemniscata but without transdorsal membranes and having as usual capillaries in several anterior parapodia arranged in three vertical rows. Laonice rasmunsseni has genital pouches starting much anteriorly than in all known species from this subgenus. An identification key for the species belonging to this subgenus is given.
Two new species of Gisilia Kasy, 1968 (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from Korea with first report of piercing oviscapts in Gelechioidea
Authors: SOHN JAE-CHEON , PARK KYU-TEK
Published: May 2018

Two new species of Gisilia Kasy, 1968, G. melanobasis n. sp. and G. tamrae n. sp., are described from Korea. Ascalenia thoracista (Meyrick, 1915) is transferred to Gisilia and compared to two Korean congeners. External and genital features of two new species and G. thoracista are illustrated. Piercing oviscapts are reported from Gelechioidea for the first time. The occurrences of oviscapts in Lepidoptera are reviewed.
Description of the male of Diphterocome peregovitsi Gyulai, G. Ronkay & L. Ronkay, 2014 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V.
Published: May 2018

Diphterocome peregovitsi Gyulai, G. Ronkay & L. Ronkay, 2014 was recently described from North Vietnam basing on single female (Gyulai et al. 2014). It is a member of the Diphterocome chrysochlora species-complex, which includes nine species: D. chrysochlora (Hampson, 1898), D. thainympha Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999, D. nanlingi Gyulai, G. Ronkay & L. Ronkay, 2014, D. impectinata Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999, D. autumnalis (B.S. Chang, 1991), D. chloronympha Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999, D. nepalichlora Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999, D. thaumasia (Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998), and D. peregovitsi.
Propagation Directions of Ocean Surface Waves inside Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Walsh Edward J.
Published: May 2018

Surface wave propagation inside tropical cyclones (TCs) is complicated and multiple wave systems are frequently observed. The directional wave spectra acquired by hurricane hunters are analyzed to quantify its azimuthal and radial variations. Referenced to the hurricane heading, the dominate feature in the front half of the TC coverage area is single wave systems propagating toward left and left-front. Multiple wave systems are generally observed in the back and right quarters outside the radius of maximum wind (RMW). The directional differences and locations of occurrences of multisystem spectra are Gaussian distributed. The directional differences of the secondary and tertiary wave systems from the primary system are centered around 60°–70°. The minor systems are more likely on the left-hand side of the primary system than on the right-hand side by a 3-to-1 ratio. The most likely azimuthal location of multisystem spectra is about 210° counterclockwise from the heading. In the right-front quarter, waves propagate into the advancing wind field and experience extended air–sea exchanges to grow higher and longer; in the left-rear quarter, they propagate away from the advancing wind field and are more likely younger seas. The radial variation of wave propagation is relatively minor except inside the RMW. A model describing the dominant wave propagation direction is presented. The regression statistics between modeled and measured wave directions show consistent agreement in 9 of the 11 datasets available for investigation. Causes for the significantly different statistics of the two remaining datasets include proximity to coast (a landfalling case) and rapid change in the hurricane translation speed or direction.
Airway Anomalies in Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A 5-Year Review
Authors: Jones Joel W. , Tracy Meghan , Perryman Mollie , Arganbright Jill M.
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

To characterize the frequency of airway anomalies in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS).

Methods:

Retrospective review of patients with 22q11DS who had undergone microlaryngoscopy/bronchoscopy (MLB) for aerodigestive symptoms at a tertiary care children’s hospital from 2011 to 2016.

Results:

Thirty patients underwent an MLB due to the following indications: aspiration (11), stridor (10), chronic respiratory failure due to ventilator dependence (8), and difficult intubation (1). Median age at MLB was 6.5 months (range, 0.25-32 months). Forty airway anomalies were identified in 20 (66%) patients. Laryngomalacia (10), tracheomalacia (8), and bronchomalcia (8) were the most common intraoperative findings, followed by laryngeal cleft (5), anterior glottic web (5), subglottic stenosis (3), and subglottic cysts (1). Synchronous airway anomalies were common and identified in 11 (55%) of the patients who had identified anomalies on MLB. Nineteen of the 20 patients required operative intervention due to the anomalies identified.

Conclusions:

Structural airway abnormalities are common in children with 22q11DS undergoing MLB, and synchronous anomalies can frequently exist. Providers caring for children with 22q11DS should be vigilant about airway evaluation when aerodigestive symptoms are present.
Replacing Liquid Antibiotics With Cheaper Pill Equivalents: An Opportunity for Substantial Savings
Authors: Hori Kristen S. , Siu Andrea M. , Yamamoto Loren G.
Published: May 2018

Liquid antibiotics are often substantially more expensive than their pill counterparts, representing an opportunity for substantial cost reductions. Children can be taught to swallow pills at about age 6 years. The objective of this study was to calculate the potential cost saved by replacing liquid antibiotics with cheaper pill equivalents for pediatric patients for the antibiotic prescriptions written by a health care system. A retrospective smart cost analysis was performed of pediatric patients within a health care system, age 6 to less than 18 years of age receiving a liquid antibiotic prescription. The estimated cost savings over the span of 2 years for 15 161 prescriptions was $1 million. In order to achieve these substantial savings, pediatricians could encourage parents to teach their children to swallow pills at a young age and prescribe cheaper pill equivalents over liquid medications at an earlier age.
Emotional Appeals and Moral Standards: Rhetorical Arguments in Court Cases
Authors: Schuster Mary L.
Published: May 2018

In this article, I analyze 73 circuit court opinions in which due process rights are weighed according to a little-known legal test called shocks the conscience. I also offer my observations of a federal trial in the U.S. district court in 2015 upon which the test was imposed. I reveal how requiring the shocks-the-conscience test confirms the authority of the state and silences those who have been singled out as individuals or as groups to be deprived of constitutional rights. In particular, professional communication scholars who examine emotional appeals as rhetorical strategies should find this article of interest.
Regression-based Adjustment for Time-varying Confounders
Authors: Wodtke Geoffrey T.
Published: May 2018

Social scientists are often interested in estimating the marginal effects of a time-varying treatment on an end-of-study continuous outcome. With observational data, estimating these effects is complicated by the presence of time-varying confounders affected by prior treatments, which may lead to bias in conventional regression and matching estimators. In this situation, inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted (IPTW) estimation of a marginal structural model remains unbiased if treatment assignment is sequentially ignorable and the conditional probability of treatment is correctly modeled, but this method is not without limitations. In particular, it is difficult to use with continuous treatments, and it is relatively inefficient. This article explores using an alternative regression-based method—regression-with-residuals (RWR) estimation of a constrained structural nested mean model—that may overcome some of these limitations in practice. It is unbiased for the marginal effects of a time-varying treatment if treatment assignment is sequentially ignorable, the treatment effects of interest are invariant across levels of the confounders, and a model for the conditional mean of the outcome is correctly specified. The performance of RWR estimation relative to IPTW estimation is evaluated with a series of simulation experiments and with an empirical example based on longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results indicate that it may outperform IPTW estimation in certain situations.