bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperial Echoes: A Postcolonial Critique of Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier”
Authors: Akbay Yakut
Published: December 2024

This article provides a postcolonial critique of Rupert Brooke’s First World War poem “The Soldier” (1914), revealing the underlying imperialist ideologies embedded in the poem. Written at the beginning of the First World War, the poem epitomises patriotic enthusiasm and glorifies the idea of dying for one’s country. However, from a postcolonial perspective, the poem can be interpreted as a reflection of the colonial mindset that prevailed during Brooke’s time. The assertion that a piece of foreign land could forever be England illustrates the colonial pretensions and cultural superiority inherent in British imperialism. Brooke’s idealisation of England and the depiction of the soldier’s death as a sacrifice under the English heaven serve to morally justify colonial expansion and warfare. This perspective ignores the presence and experiences of the colonised peoples, reducing them to mere backdrops for British heroism. Furthermore, the poet’s emphasis on England’s inherent virtues such as flowers, air and rivers points to a narrative of cultural hegemony. By focusing exclusively on the British soldier’s allegiance to England and glorifying the sense of Englishness, the poem neglects the brutal realities and ethical aspects of colonialism. This study therefore argues that Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier” employs patriotic idealism to glorify Englishness and sacrifice, which, from a postcolonial perspective, legitimizes the imperialist ideologies and cultural hegemony of British colonialism.
PREDICTION OF NOx AND FUEL FLOW OF COMMERCIAL HIGH BYPASS AIRCRAFT ENGINES BASED ON CSA-SVR MODEL
Authors: Oruç Rıdvan
Published: December 2024

Due to the negative effects of emissions caused by fossil fuels used by aircraft engines on the environment and human health, and the fact that fuel consumption is a high cost input for airlines, the aviation community has many studies on both issues. In order to overcome these problems, much space has been devoted to modeling, prediction and optimization studies on emissions and fuel consumption in the literature. Within the scope of this study, a model was created to predict the NOx emission values and fuel flow of high by-pass turbofan engines, which are also used in today's commercial air transportation. 165 different turbofan data taken from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) emission databank were used for modeling, and the specified parameters were modeled according to the by-pass ratio (BPR), overall pressure ratio (OPR) and rated thrust input parameters. In this context, the Cuckoo search algorithm-support vector regression (CSA-SVR) method for the Landing and Take-off (LTO) cycle, which includes the idle, take-off (T/O), climb out (C/O) and approach (App) phases, was used for the first time in the literature for the above-mentioned purpose. As a result of the error analysis methods, the minimum R2 value for 4 phases in FF estimation was found to be 0.972763. This value for NOX was 0.6745 in the idle phase. However, the fact that this value was found to be 0.861497, 0.884984 and 0.792779 for T/O, C/O and App, respectively, shows the success of the model in estimating actual data.
THE EFFECT OF FIRING TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF GLAZES PREPARED WITH BARIUM-BASED FRITS
Authors: Yıldız Betül
Published: December 2024

Barium-based frits are widely used in the ceramic tile industry for the production of matte glazes. In these glazes, the microstructure—and consequently, the opacity and matte finish—vary depending on factors such as composition, application conditions, and firing temperatures. This study investigates the effects of different firing temperatures on the microstructure and properties of glazes prepared with barium-based frits. For this purpose, compositions containing 92 wt% barium-based frit and 8 wt% kaolin were milled, applied to the tile surface, and then fired in a laboratory furnace at four different peak temperatures (900, 1000, 1100, and 1200°C). The results indicate that the primary phase formed in the glaze structure is celsian at peak temperatures of 1100°C and 1200°C. As the temperature increases, the glassy phase expands, and crystal size increases. A decrease in the whiteness value (L*) value was observed with rising temperature; however, the glaze generally maintained its matte finish, as indicated by the 60° gloss value.
Repositioning of drugs for the treatment of major depressive disorder based on prediction of drug-induced gene expression changes
Authors: Ivanov S.M. , Lagunin A.A. , Poroikov V.V.
Published: December 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of existing antidepressants in many cases does not allow achieving stable remission, probably due to insufficient understanding of pathological mechanisms. This indicates the need for the development of more effective drugs based on in-depth understanding of MDD's pathophysiology. Since the high costs and long duration of the development of new drugs, the drug repositions may be the promising alternative. In this study we have applied the recently developed DIGEP-Pred approach to identify drugs that induce changes in expression of genes associated with the etiopathogenesis of MDD, followed by identification of their potential MDD-related targets and molecular mechanisms of the antidepressive effects. The applied approach included the following steps. First, using structure-activity relationships (SARs) we predicted drug-induced gene expression changes for 3690 worldwide approved drugs. Disease enrichment analysis applied to the predicted genes allowed to identify drugs that significantly altered expression of known MDD-related genes. Second, potential drug targets, which are probable master regulators responsible for drug-induced gene expression changes, have been identified through the SAR-based prediction and network analysis. Only those drugs whose potential targets were clearly associated with MDD according to the published data, were selected for further analysis. Third, since potential new antidepressants must distribute into brain tissues, drugs with an oral route of administration were selected and their blood-brain barrier permeability was estimated using available experimental data and in silico predictions. As a result, we identified 19 drugs, which can be potentially repurposed for the MDD treatment. These drugs belong to various therapeutic categories, including adrenergic/dopaminergic agents, antiemetics, antihistamines, antitussives, and muscle relaxants. Many of these drugs have experimentally confirmed or predicted interactions with well-known MDD-related protein targets such as monoamine (serotonin, adrenaline, dopamine) and acetylcholine receptors and transporters as well as with less trivial targets including galanin receptor type 3 (GALR3), G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3, serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1. Importantly, that the most of 19 drugs act on two or more MDD-related targets, which may produce the stronger action on gene expression changes and achieve a potent therapeutic effect. Thus, the revealed 19 drugs may represent the promising candidates for the treatment of MDD.
Modeling, synthesis and in vitro testing of peptides based on unusual amino acids as potential antibacterial agents
Authors: Sargsyan A.S. , Karapetyan L.T. , Mkhitaryan A.V. , Stepanyan L.A. , Sargsyan T.H. , Danghyan Yu.M. , Sargsyan A.V. , Oganezova G.G. , Hovhannisyan N.A.
Published: December 2024

Currently non-protein amino acids and synthetic peptides are widely used as blocks in drug design. Many proteases are of great interest for pharmacology due to their key role in various pathologies. Bacterial collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) is quite an attractive target for drug development as the inhibitors of bacterial collagenolytic protease may stop propagation of diseases caused by infections. The interaction of peptides containing unusual amino acids with Clostridium histolyticum collagenase has been evaluated by molecular docking followed by the measurement of enzyme inhibition by selected compounds. According to the docking analysis, 4 compounds were selected and synthesized for further research. Measurement of enzyme activity revealed that all tested compounds inhibited collagenase activity with IC₅₀ values ranging within 1.45–2.08 μM. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds against some resistant strains was characterized by MICs values ranging within 4.6–9.2 μg/ml.
Multi-target neural network model of anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds using correlation convolution of multiple docking energy spectra
Authors: Vassiliev P.M. , Perfilev M.A. , Golubeva A.V. , Kochetkov A.N. , Maltsev D.V.
Published: December 2024

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health pathologies in the world. They require searc h and development of novel effective pharmacologically active substances. Thus, the development of new approaches to the search for anxiolytic substances by artificial intelligence methods is an important area of modern bioinformatics and pharmacology. In this work, a multi-target model of the dependence of the anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds on their integral affinity to relevant target proteins based on the correlation convolution of multiple docking energy spectra has been constructed using the method of artificial neural networks. The training set of the structure and activity of 537 known anxiolytic substances was formed on the basis of the previously created database, and optimized 3D models of these compounds were built. 22 biotargets presumably relevant to anxiolytic activity were identified and their valid 3D models were found. For each biotarget, 27 multiple docking spaces have been formed throughout its entire volume. Multiple ensemble molecular docking of 537 known anxiolytic compounds into all spaces of relevant target proteins has been performed. The correlation convolution of the calculated energy spectra of multiple docking was carried out. Using seven training options based on artificial multilayer perceptron neural networks, the multi-target model of depending anxiolytic activity chemical compounds on 22 parameters of the correlation convolution of the multiple docking spectra energy was constructed. The predictive ability of the created model was characterized Acc = 91.2% and AUCROC = 94.4%, with statistical significance of p < 1×10-15. The found model is currently used in the search for new substances with high anxiolytic activity.
Relationship between the degree of dengue hemorrhagic fever and comorbid in patients at Wangaya general teaching hospital
Authors: Bodhinatha Anak Agung Ngurah Paramacarya , Wirawan I Made Suma , Widiasa Anak Agung Made , Suryana Ketut
Published: December 2024

Background: Dengue fever has become a major international public health problem in recent decades. Clinical manifestations of DENV infection can range from asymptomatic (no symptoms) or mild flu-like syndrome, also known as Dengue Fever (DF), to more severe and life-threatening forms, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Comorbidities can make the primary disease more severe and worsen the prognosis. The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between the degree of dengue fever and comorbid in inpatients.
Methods: This study used an analytical approach and was conducted at Wangaya Regional General Hospital from January to May 2024. Medical records were the main data source for this study. A total of 425 patient samples were collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was processed using SPSS with the Fisher's Exact Test statistical test.
Results: In the group of dengue fever patients with comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CVD, and CLD, there is a higher risk of developing DHF than patients with comorbid COPD, CKD, Stroke, HIV.
Conclusion: Dengue fever with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CVD, and CLD have a higher risk of developing DHF when compared with patients with dengue fever with other comorbidities. This finding helps us in triaging patients with comorbidities who develop dengue fever for specialized care and closer clinical monitoring.
Study of factors affecting sarcopenia in PLHIV
Authors: K. Ravi , Suresh Rahul , N. Vinay
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aims to determine the frequency of sarcopenia in PLHIV and determine the factors affecting sarcopenia in PLHIV.
Methods: The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study after obtaining informed consent. Case record form was used to record relevant history. SARC-F (sluggishness, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, falls) score is recorded by questionnaire. Hand grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were recorded. The correlation between grip strength and SMI with the duration of treatment in different regimens of HAART in PLHIV were studied. Possible factors affecting sarcopenia were determined based on history taken. All the parameters were compared between patients with and without sarcopenia. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. R version 4.1.2 statistical software was used for the statistical analysis.
Results: Sarcopenia was more commonly found in middle aged participants, who were less adherent to therapy, had a past history of tuberculosis, consumed alcohol, followed a vegetarian diet and did not exercise regularly.
Conclusion: Sarcopenia is more common in middle-aged individuals with long-term AIDS, especially those on prolonged ART. It’s linked to non-adherence to ART, alcohol consumption, history of tuberculosis, and reduced physical activity. Strict adherence to ART, avoiding alcohol, increasing protein intake, and exercising regularly helps to combat this.
Association of SGLT2 inhibitors and urogenital infections in patients attending a tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Benoy Aleena , Joseph Merrin , Sabu Jisa Elizabath , Bijuraj Pooja Raj Asha , Mathew Stebin , Varghese Tharun David , Joy Vina , Punnose Eapen , Fischer Louie
Published: December 2024

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are known for efficacy in managing blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes and also improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, increased risk of urogenital infections (UGIs) remains a significant concern in their safety profile. This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2i therapy and UGIs in a real-world clinical set up of a tertiary care centre in India. The key hypothesis was SGLT2i use is associated with incidence of UGIs while the secondary hypothesis included the relationship of the incidence of risk with the dose.
Methods: This was a six-month prospective observational study, that enrolled 309 adults ≥18 years of age, who were newly prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly Dapagliflozin 5 mg and 10 mg from October 2023. The incidence of UGIs was assessed through patient interviews and medical records during the follow up from 2 weeks of initiation. UGIs were defined as clinical manifestations that resolved on SGLT2i discontinuation or appropriate treatment.
Results: Of 309 initiators, 300 patients were followed up. 9 patients didn’t follow up in OPD. From these, 58 (19.3%) patients developed UGIs, comprising of 47 (15.6%) bacterial infections and 11 (3.6%) UGIs of fungal origin. The association was performed on basis of logistic regression analysis which revealed a statistically significant association of UGIs with the prescription of SGLT2i. Higher doses of SGLT2 inhibitors was observed to be associated with significantly increasing the risk of UGIs (p<0.05). No significant risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), age, sex, HbA1c or educational status were identified to have significant associations with UGI occurrence.
Conclusions: This study highlights a clinically relevant association between SGLT2i use and urogenital infections.
Diagnostic and predictive utility of serum homocysteine in diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetics
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Gulati Yuvraj , Giri Richa , Babulal Verma Rajendra Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early detection of DN is crucial for effective intervention, yet current biomarkers have limited sensitivity and specificity. Serum homocysteine, has been associated with vascular complications in diabetes and is hypothesized to be linked with DN. This study investigates the potential of elevated serum homocysteine levels as a marker for DN in T2DM patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 156 T2DM patients recruited from G. S. V. M. medical college, Kanpur. The inclusion criteria focused on adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM. Exclusion criteria included conditions that could independently affect homocysteine levels or renal function. Statistical analyses were employed to assess the relationship between homocysteine levels and DN.
Results: The study found significantly higher homocysteine levels in patients with DN compared to those without DN. A positive correlation was observed between serum homocysteine levels and the severity of renal impairment, as indicated by a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased albuminuria. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that elevated serum homocysteine levels were an independent predictor of DN.
Conclusions: Elevated serum homocysteine levels are significantly associated with DN in T2DM patients and may serve as a useful biomarker for early detection and management of this complication. Given the limitations of current biomarkers, incorporating homocysteine measurements could improve the clinical management of patients at risk for DN.
Study of serum uric acid level in chronic liver disease and its association with Child-Turcotte-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease score
Authors: Gupta Atul , Singh Mahendra Pal , Kumar Vinay , Giri Richa
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) involves progressive hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, potentially leading to cirrhosis, liver failure, and increased mortality. Despite advancements, CLD remains a significant clinical challenge due to its varied nature and course. Serum uric acid (SUA), a by-product of purine metabolism, is emerging as a potential marker for CLD progression and prognosis. This study investigates the correlation between SUA levels and CLD severity, assessed by Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores.
Methods: This cross-sectional study at GSVM medical college, Kanpur, included 54 CLD patients over 18 years. Exclusions were pregnancy, known gout, diabetes mellitus, recent surgery/trauma, chronic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, specific medications, and malignancies on chemotherapy. Data were collected via interviews, medical records, and lab tests (SUA, liver function). Liver disease severity was assessed using CTP and MELD scores. Statistical analyses examined relationships between SUA levels, CTP and MELD scores.
Results: SUA exhibit a positive correlation with the CTP score (r=0.51, p<0.05). Mean SUA levels were 4.20±0.45 mg/dL for CTP A, 6.46±2.18 mg/dl for CTP B, and 8.83±2.55 mg/dl for CTP C. An ANOVA test showed a significant association (F value: 11.78, p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between MELD scores and SUA levels (r=0.438, p<0.05).
Conclusions: The significant associations between SUA levels and CTP and MELD scores indicate that SUA could be a valuable biomarker in managing CLD. Incorporating SUA measurements may enhance prognostic accuracy and support personalized treatments. Further research is needed to validate these findings across diverse populations and clinical settings, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of heparin binding protein as a prognostic biomarker for diagnosis of sepsis at tertiary care hospital, North India
Authors: Gupta Ashish K. , Verma Rajendra K. , Giri Richa , Gupta Ajesh C.
Published: December 2024

Background: Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by systemic inflammation in response to infection, often leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) has emerged as a potential biomarker for early sepsis detection due to its rapid release and association with inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate HBP as a prognostic biomarker for diagnosing sepsis, assessing its correlation with demographic characteristics, infection status, organ dysfunction, and biochemical parameters.
Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted at G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, from December 2022 to May 2024, involving 113 patients over 18 years old suspected of sepsis. Clinical data, including demographics, infection status, organ dysfunction, and HBP levels, were collected and analyzed using statistical methods.
Results: The study cohort exhibited a mean age of 53.2±19.3 years, with balanced gender representation (49.6% male, 50.4% female) and varied infection statuses (47.8% confirmed infections, 17.7% probable, and 9.7% viral). Organ dysfunction prevalence increased from 30.1% on admission to 43.4% within 72 hours. HBP levels decreased significantly from baseline (11.28 ng/ml) to 72 hours (5.68 ng/ml), showing potential for monitoring disease progression. Significant differences in baseline HBP levels among patient groups were observed (p≤0.001).
Conclusions: The study concludes that HBP is a promising biomarker for distinguishing infection statuses, aiding in sepsis diagnosis, with significant differences observed in HBP levels across diagnostic categories, enhancing early detection and targeted treatment.
A comparative study of albumin bilirubin score, with meld for predicting the in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Prajapati Parmendra Kumar , Priyadarshi Basudev Prasad , Dar Ashaq Hussain
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) encompasses a spectrum of injury from simple steatosis to frank cirrhosis which is evaluated by many scoring systems. Aim of the study was to evaluate the discriminative abilities of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score in predicting the in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Methods: Data of patients with liver cirrhosis secondary to ethanol, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, with upper gastrointestinal bleed was prospectively reviewed from admission to date of discharge. MELD and ALBI score, calculated for the patient from ROC curves were analysed. 
Results:  Our study was conducted on 149 patients. Age distribution was between 18-80 years with mean age of patients being 44.7±12.37 years, male to female sex ratio 127:22, with mortality calculated at 23.5%. The MELD score demonstrated a high predictive accuracy with an area under ROC curve of 0.953, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.903 to 1.000. In contrast, ALBI score showed a lower predictive accuracy with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.672 and 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.577 to 0.766.
Conclusions: The prognostic performance of two scores was comparable but MELD score was found to have a better prognostic significance than ALBI score.
Combination of zinc and probiotic for acute diarrhoea in adult
Authors: Riadi Putu Risma Yuvita , Dewi Anak Agung Istri Sri Kumala
Published: December 2024

In Indonesia, diarrhea affected 9% of the population and was the fourth most common cause of death across all age groups (13.2%). Case 1: A 33-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a history of diarrhea without bloody or oily stools, nausea and vomiting. The patient was assessed with noninfective gastroenteritis, suspected to be caused by viruses. She was given rehydration therapy, symptomatic therapy, with combination of zinc and probiotic. Case 2: A 25-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a history of diarrhea without bloody or oily stools and mild epigastric pain. The patient was assessed with noninfective gastroenteritis, suspected to be caused by viruses. She was given rehydration therapy, symptomatic therapy, with combination of zinc and probiotic. The primary foundation treatment for acute diarrhea includes prescribing zinc and probiotic supplements to aid in recovery. Probiotics may have an impact on a variety of innate and acquired immunity-related cells, while zinc is an essential element of all highly proliferating cells in the human body. It plays a critical role in modulating resistance to infectious agents and reduces the duration, severity, and risk of diarrheal disease. Our case highlights that, combination of zinc and probiotic give a significant effect not only in children, but also in adult. Zinc and probiotic can help fasten the recovery phase of diarrhea and decrease the mean duration of acute diarrhea.
Seizures in the shower: a case report on hot water epilepsy
Authors: Dsouza Glory , Shruti Hiremath
Published: December 2024

An uncommon kind of reflex epilepsy called hot water epilepsy is brought on by bathing in or being near hot water. In this case study, a 43-year-old man with a history of head trauma experiences seizures brought on by exposure to hot water. Concurrent symptoms include giddiness. The best course of treatment for HWE typically involves avoiding lukewarm water in the first place and utilizing either standard AEDs or benzodiazepines for intermittent oral prophylaxis.
Visceral hypersensitivity and diagnostic markers in functional gastrointestinal disorders: expert opinion
Authors: Mehrotra Puneet
Published: December 2024

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), present diagnostic challenges due to the absence of specific biomarkers and reliance on symptom-based criteria like the Rome IV classification. IBS, characterized by abdominal discomfort, irregular bowel habits and bloating, affects up to 21% of populations globally, with varying prevalence across regions. Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is a hallmark of IBS, particularly in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), contributing to enhanced pain perception and gut dysmotility. VH involves complex mechanisms integrating peripheral and central nervous system pathways, affecting pain processing and emotional responses. Diagnostic approaches for IBS are hindered by overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal disorders and the dynamic nature of gut microbiota. Biomarkers, such as serum and fecal panels, gene expression profiles and psychological assessments, aim to enhance diagnostic accuracy and differentiate IBS subtypes. These biomarkers, including fecal calprotectin, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath tests and specific antibodies against microbial toxins, offer insights into the pathophysiology of IBS and aid in subtype prediction. Considering the scarcity of information on intricacies of VH in IBS and need gap in understanding the precise diagnostic markers for IBS, three physical focus group meetings were conducted with 25 expert gastroenterologists across India. Existing evidence and clinical experience with respect to the diagnosis of IBS, concept of visceral hypersensitivity and its importance in managing IBS, current treatment modalities and the role of various diagnostic biomarkers were discussed in detail by the experts and expert opinions were consolidated and finalized after approval by all participants.
Assessment of perceived social support and depression in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis attending state specialist hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Olugbenga-Bello Adenike , Adesola Tolulope J. , Alatishe Taiwo A. , Ojedokun Samson A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Elderly people are faced with decreasing physical capabilities due to some chronic diseases like osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, leading to a change in social status which increases the risk for depression. The study aimed to assess the pattern of social support, prevalence, and pattern of depression in the elderly with knee OA.
Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design, conducted among one hundred and forty-seven elderly patients attending geriatric clinics, using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Self-reported medical history form was used to capture current and past medical history and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MPSS) was used to assess perceived social support. Descriptive statistics was done for all variables with SPSS version 23; association was done by using Chi-square test and logistic regression and level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The study revealed a prevalence of 40.8% with a pattern of predominantly mild-moderate depression at 34.7%, while severe depression was 6.1%. The absence of depression was found to be 59.2%. A moderate level of perceived social support was seen in 61.9%. The level of social support was significantly associated with depression in the elderly with knee OA, p<0.05.
Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among the elderly studied was good and the perceived social support was good among the studied populations.
Risk factors for breast cancer among women reporting government tertiary care hospitals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Southern India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sundar Jasmine S. , S. Parameswari Srijayanth , Karthikeyan P. R. , A. S. Hemapriya , S. Valarmathi , S. Kalpana , A. Arul Paul , Narayanasamy  , G. Srinivas
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally and a major cause of cancer-related deaths, with 12% of women at risk during their lifetime. By 2030, global cases are projected to exceed 2 million annually, with India potentially reaching 200,000 cases per year. In India, breast cancer accounts for 13.5% of new cases and 10.6% of cancer deaths, being the most common in urban areas and the second most common in rural areas. Tamil Nadu has a high breast cancer burden, with the second-highest rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). This study aims to analyze the risk factors contributing to high incidence and burden of breast cancer in Tamil Nadu.
Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2021 to May 2022, involved five tertiary healthcare institutions in Chennai. Using a purposive sampling technique, 48 women diagnosed with breast cancer, from stage 0 to 4, were recruited. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.
Results: Participants were predominantly aged 41-50 years (35.4%) and from Northern Tamil Nadu (43.7%), with equal representation from rural and urban areas (50% each). Most were homemakers (58.3%) with a family income between ₹ 5,000-15,000 (58.3%). Significant risk factors included increasing age (OR=3.89), lower income (OR=3.35), and perceived importance of health (OR=2.09).
Conclusions: Increasing age, lower income, and general health importance are significant risk factors for breast cancer in Tamil Nadu. Enhanced screening programs, socioeconomic support, and health education initiatives are recommended to improve early detection and management.
Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema secondary to bilateral renal artery stenosis
Authors: Abbas Osama M. , Ofash Alaweya A. , Mohammed Tasneem A. , Ibrahiem Areej I. , Ali Mohamed G. , Ali Khadija , Abbadi Osama S.
Published: December 2024

Bilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) represents a notable etiology of renovascular hypertension, resulting in diverse organ complications. One of the rare complications associated with this condition is sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE). This is a case presentation of a man in the fifth decade presented with SCAPE in our ICU department.
Assessing the effectiveness and NSAIDs sparing effect of celery seeds and Boswellia serrata in osteoarthritis management
Authors: Nair Sreeni , Desai Anish , Anand Sunaina , Chorghe Parita
Published: December 2024

: This study examines the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Celery seed and extracts as potential alternatives for OA treatment, focusing on their effectiveness in reducing pain and improving joint functionality.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disorder, particularly affects the knees and hips. Current management primarily involves NSAIDs, which can lead to severe side effects, especially in older adults with comorbidities.

A multicentre observational study enrolled 394 participants clinically diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. They continued their usual treatment while taking Celery seeds and extract tablet twice daily for three months. Primary outcomes included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and changes in painkiller and NSAID usage. Secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores.

The study demonstrated significant improvements in primary outcome measures: WOMAC score improved by 17.07% (p<0.001), WOMAC pain score by 75.00% (p<0.001), WOMAC stiffness score by 72.05% (p<0.001) and WOMAC physical function score by 78.93% (p<0.001). Secondary outcomes showed VAS score reductions at rest by 67.17% (p<0.001) and during movement by 64.28% (p<0.001). There was a notable decrease in NSAID usage from baseline 70.09% to 31.89% (p<0.001).

Celery seeds and extract demonstrate promising efficacy as a safer and effective adjunctive therapy for knee osteoarthritis, offering pain relief, enhanced joint functionality and potential reduction in NSAID usage.
A prospective study to evaluate the outcome of periarthritis shoulder treated with platelet rich plasma
Authors: Yadav Vinod Ramlal , Ravindran Biju , Vardhan N Vishnu , Jyothsna Rachuru Venkata
Published: December 2024

Periarthritis shoulder also called as Adhesive capsulitis or Frozen shoulder. The body creates excessive adhesion across the glenohumeral joint as a result of the idiopathic, chronic, and indolent degenerative process known as periarthritis shoulder, which causes discomfort, stiffness, and a reduction in range of motion. In the general population, the prevalence of adhesive capsulitis is 3-55%, and it is 20% in those with diabetes. Many types of treatment have been employed in the treatment of shoulder disorder such as simple analgesia, NSAIDS, intraarticular steroid, platelet rich plasma injection and surgery. PRP is more efficient and long-lasting than cortisone injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis, according to several research.

To evaluate the outcome of Periarthritis shoulder treated with Platelet Rich Plasma by comparing the intensity of pain, degree of increase in angle of movements of shoulder.

It is a randomized control trial with total of 30 patients between age group of 30–70 years old of both sex being diagnosed for the first time and not treated by any other modality are taken up for the study.Patients having chronic pain due to other causes like nerve damage or other neurological disorders, history of fracture around the shoulder joint, patients having local skin infection at the shoulder joint and patient not giving informed consent form to be a part of study were excluded from the study. Under sterile aseptic condition Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma of 4 ml was injected into the shoulder joint. It was a randomized single blinded controlled trial with 1 month, 3 months & 6 months follow up in which outcome was measures using visual analogue scale, ROM, SPADI.

Using the paired t test, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed inthe current study. The mean VAS score at 6 months was reduced from 6.66+2.499 to 3.4±1.473; Mean SPADI Score at 6 month increased from 50.53±14.811 to 76.76±10.926; At 6 month Flexion increased from 66 to 116.33, extension increased from 18.6 to 31.33 and abduction increased from 87.33 to 126.833 with p value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant.

This study concluded that platelet rich plasma injection causes decrease in intensity of pain and increase in angle of movements of shoulder in patients of periarthritis shoulder.
Limb occlusion pressure as a tool to optimize the tourniquet pressure in total knee arthroplasty without compromising the creation of a bloodless surgical field
Authors: Reddy Thirumalesh K , Malchira Somanna
Published: December 2024

: Pneumatic tourniquet is utilized in orthopedic surgery to create a bloodless field. Limb Occlusion Pressure (LOP) is the minimum pressure required at a specific time and location to halt arterial blood flow distal to the cuff.

: The purpose of this study is calculation of the minimum possible tourniquet pressure using LOP to significantly reduce tourniquet pressure in Total knee arthroplasty surgery without compromising the creation of a bloodless surgical field.

: This study included 200 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. Tourniquet pressure was set based on Limb occlusion pressure measured just before the surgery. After the surgery, surgeon was asked to rate the quality of the bloodless field on a visual analog scale, and look for post-operative complications like, tourniquet site pain, injury to skin, redness, blisters, flaring, neurological symptoms. tourniquet palsy and chemical burns.

The average LOP was 163.65mmHg and average tourniquet pressure was 221.15mmHg. The minimum tourniquet pressure we used was 140mmHg. The quality of bloodless field was excellent in 88% patients. 6 patients (3%) had redness at the skin and 5 patient had tourniquet site pain. None of the patients had chemical burns, injury to skin, blisters or tourniquet palsy.

: This new tourniquet technique based on Limb occlusion pressure (LOP), is an effective device for maintaining a bloodless surgical field in orthopedic limb surgery. By reducing tourniquet pressure, this method lowers the frequency and severity of pressure-related complications. The LOP estimation method is simple, quick, and effective, making it feasible for broader clinical use. It ensures safer, personalized cuff pressures for tourniquet applications in limb surgery.
Outcome of distal radius fractures managed conservatively and with percutaneous pinning (k-wires): A comparative study
Authors: Ahmed Shorifuddin , Bala Prabir Kumar , Mishra Hriday Narayan
Published: December 2024

Distal radius fractures are frequent injuries to the upper limbs that can be treated conservatively or surgically using K-wire percutaneous pinning. In order to restore anatomical alignment, percutaneous pinning is a more invasive approach than conservative therapy, which usually consists of splinting or casting.

: This study aims to analyze the clinical and radiological outcome of distal radius fractures managed with closed reduction and plaster cast immobilization (CRPCI) and with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP).

: The present study is an Institutional based prospective comparative study comprised of total 50 adult patients between 20 to 65 years of age, with distal end radius fractures attending Out Patients Department or Emergency at the Department of orthopaedics, Medical College, Kolkata, India. Among them 25 patients were treated with CRPCI and 25 patients treated with CRPP with K-wire who fulfil the study criteria, during the period January 2021 to June 2022, the study was conducted for 18 months. Cases were evaluated based on the criteria of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score, VAS score, wrist range of motion, and radiologic results.

: The age of patients in this series ranged from (20-65) years with maximum patients (72%) in the (51-65) years age group, majority of the patients were female 66%. Among the radiographic parameters in Radial Inclination, Radial Height, and Ulnar Variance there were statistically significant (p-value<0>0.05) differences are noted in wrist dorsiflexion,palmar flexion, pronation, supination, ulnar deviation and radial deviation in degree between two group. Functional assessment by DASH score (p-value 0.90), VAS score (p-value 0.59) show both have p-values>0.05 which are statistically insignificant between two groups.

: In this era where operative intervention is commonly practiced for distal radius fracture treatment. we concluded that despite the study showing poor radiographic outcomes associated with CRPCI than CRPP in terms of functional outcomes there were no differences between the two treated groups.
A prospective study on the functional and radiological outcome of suprapatellar and infrapatellar intramedullary nailing for proximal tibia extra-articular fractures
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Gupta Gagandeep , Singh Navneet , Kala Shivang , Sood Suraj , Saini Akhilesh , Singh Shristi , Shende Sopan
Published: December 2024

The most effective therapy for proximal tibia extra-articular fractures, which are among the most frequent long bone fractures, is intramedullary nailing. With each technique offering distinct benefits and disadvantages, the decision between suprapatellar and infrapatellar techniques for intramedullary nailing is still up for debate. The purpose of this study is to compare the radiological and functional results of these two methods.

The aim of this study is to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of suprapatellar and infrapatellar intramedullary nailing techniques in the management of proximal tibia extra-articular fractures.

In this randomized controlled research, 40 patients with proximal tibia extra-articular fractures were randomized to either the Infrapatellar group (n = 20) or the Suprapatellar group (n = 20). At 1, 3 and 6 months following surgery, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Lysholm Knee Score were used to evaluate functional outcomes. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to gauge pain levels and radiographic results were evaluated for alignment and fracture healing. T-tests and other statistical analyses were used to compare the groups.

The functional outcomes at 3 and 6 months after surgery were noticeably better for the suprapatellar group. The Suprapatellar group's Lysholm Knee Score at 6 months was substantially higher (92.2 ± 5.35) than that of the Infrapatellar group (87.95 ± 5.34, p = 0.016). Similarly, the Suprapatellar group had a higher LEFS score at 6 months (88.20 ± 4.54) than the Infrapatellar group (82.10 ± 5.86, p = 0.025). Additionally, the Suprapatellar group experienced less discomfort, with a mean VAS score of 2.0 (±0.30) being lower than the Infrapatellar group's 2.50 (±0.50) (p = 0.001).

When treating proximal tibia extra-articular fractures, this study shows that suprapatellar nailing produces better functional outcomes with reduced pain than infrapatellar nailing. These results suggest that the Suprapatellar method is a better choice for treating proximal tibia extra-articular fractures.
Tumor to triumph: bone reconstruction with extracorporeal irradiation in malignant bone tumors
Authors: Sharma Hardik , Bhatia Shruti Kant , Rawal Kushal
Published: December 2024

Malignant bone tumors (MBTs) are predominantly seen in children and adolescents and account for <1% of diagnosed cancers each year. This case study demonstrates how ECI acts as a limb salvage method for MBT, particularly in low-income settings. A 17yr old male patient present pain & swelling around left ankle for 1 year. The radiograph showed lytic lesion in the left distal fibula followed by biopsy suggestive of osteosarcoma. Patient underwent four cycle of Adriyamycin based chemotherapy followed by wide local excision with extracorporeal irradiation. The patient also received four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Now, patient was free of disease and on regular follow-up. By delivering high-dose radiation directly to affected bone ECI helps to minimize damage to surrounding healthy areas. It also offers significant therapeutic advantages, including enhanced tumor control and the preservation of limb functionality. As technology and techniques continue to evolve, ECI may play an important role in treating cancers that are challenging to manage with conventional therapies.
Revision capitellum fracture fixation: A surgical challenge case report
Authors: Malnas Mansoor , Kulkarni Shradha , Rao Aditya , Munshi Parag
Published: December 2024

Capitellum fractures are rare, accounting for 1% of all elbow fractures and pose a unique challenge due to their intra-articular nature and susceptibility to displacement. This case report details a revision surgery for a 31-year-old male who sustained a displaced intra-articular capitellum fracture following a fall. Initial treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using two Herbert Headless Compression Screws failed due to inadequate reduction and early mobilization, resulting in non-union and persistent pain. A revision surgery was performed using three herbert screws, achieving successful reduction and fixation. Postoperative rehabilitation led to a significant improvement in elbow range of motion and function over 11 years of follow-up. This report emphasizes the importance of careful surgical planning, preservation of vascularity, appropriate fixation techniques and adherence to rehabilitation protocols to prevent complications and ensure favorable outcomes in revision capitellum fracture surgeries.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SATISFAÇÃO HABITACIONAL DA PESSOA IDOSA: CORRELAÇÃO COM EIXOS DO GUIA CIDADE AMIGA DO IDOSO
Authors: Olaia Leticia Felice , Campos Lucas Bueno , Kato Mayla Youko , Brito Maria Aparecida Pereira , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Colela , Monteiro Luzia Cristina Antoniossi
Published: December 2024

A moradia adequada é um direito fundamental, assegurando dignidade humana e proteção à saúde pública. Este estudo examina a relação entre aspectos urbanos e residenciais, e a satisfação habitacional, com base nos eixos do Guia Cidade Amiga do Idoso, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Um instrumento com 35 itens, abrangendo os domínios "Entorno", "Edificação" e "Singularidades", foi desenvolvido e validado por meio do método e-Delphi. A análise indicou que 31 itens se correlacionaram com os eixos "Espaços Externos e Edifícios", "Transporte" e "Habitação", ressaltando a importância de uma abordagem integrada que leve em consideração tanto a infraestrutura e serviços urbanos, quanto às necessidades físicas, sociais e emocionais da população idosa. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de adaptação das cidades para promover a satisfação habitacional e o bem-estar da comunidade. O instrumento proposto constitui uma ferramenta útil, com potencial para avaliar e identificar melhorias a serem realizadas nas habitações brasileiras.