bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Manufacturing of Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Membranes for Gas Separation Made of Poly(2,6-dimethylphenylenoxide-1,4)
Authors: Varezhkin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The regularities of manufacturing of hollow fiber membranes made of poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide-1,4) for gas separation were studied. The phase inversion method was used to manufacture the membranes. The dependence of the separation characteristics of the membrane on such spinning parameters as the type of solvent, the exposure time of the polymer solution in the “air” gap, and the type of non-solvents (coagulants) has been studied. The characteristics of the membrane were obtained by determining their gas permeability. It is shown that higher separation and gas transport characteristics of the PPO membrane are obtained using the wet spinning method. An intrinsic selectivity of 4.8 ± 0.4 was obtained at a specific oxygen permeability (20°C) – (P/l) 790 ± 82 [m3 (s.t.p.) m–2 s–1 kPa] for oxygen–nitrogen system. The developed membranes are promising for use in case for producing nitrogen and oxygen-enriched air.
Electrochemical Properties and Specific Selectivity of Ion-Exchange Membranes in Borate-Nitrate Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Zabolotsky V. I. , Romanyuk N. A. , Loza S. A.
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical characteristics of heterogeneous cation- and anion-exchange Ralex membranes and the mechanism of transfer of ions of salt, boric acid and its anions through membranes at different pH values were investigated by the method of rotating membrane disk (RMD). It is shown that boric acid is transported mainly through an anion exchange membrane. At pH 9.5, the limiting stage of anion transfer through the anion exchange membrane is the reaction of tetrahydroxyborate \({\text{B}}\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{4}^{ - }\) anion formation. The study of the electrodialysis separation of a solution of sodium nitrate and boric acid showed that the electrodialysis method makes it possible to effectively separate the components of the mixture, while the value of the specific selectivity coefficient \({{P}_{{{{\text{B}} \mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {{\text{B}} {{\text{NaN}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{\text{3}}}}}}} \right.} {{\text{NaN}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{\text{3}}}}}}}}}\) = (0.02–0.06), depending on the voltage on the electrodialyzer.
The Potential of Polymer Membranes for Recovery of Xenon from Medical Waste Gas Mixtures
Authors: Zhmakin V. V. , Markova S. Yu. , Teplyakov V. V. , Shalygin M. G.
Published: April 2024

This work is devoted to the evaluation of xenon permeability coefficients for a wide range of polymeric membrane materials, as well as the primary experimental verification of the calculation results for materials used in the production of gas separation membranes. Emphasis is placed on solving the problem of O2/Xe mixture separation as a base for xenon-containing waste medical gas mixtures where it is possible to recover xenon for its reuse. The xenon permeability coefficients were evaluated using a correlation approach, that relates the molecular properties of a gas to gas permeability, and available literature data on the permeability of other gases. The results obtained make it possible to distinguish two main groups of membrane polymers in the Robson diagram for O2/Xe gas pair: xenon-selective (polysiloxane-based rubbers and highly permeable functional polyacetylenes) and oxygen-selective (polyimides, PIMs, perfluorinated polymers). Industrial composite membrane MDK with a selective layer of silicone copolymer and laboratory composite membranes based on PSf and PVTMS were experimentally investigated. The obtained data demonstrate satisfactory convergence of the experimental values with the estimated ones. Based on the results obtained, MDK membrane can be recommended as xenon-selective for xenon recovery.
Elecrtochemical Investigation of Heterogeneous Cation-Exchange Membranes Modified by Polyanilin in Solutions of Monovalent and Divalent Cations
Authors: Brovkina M. A. , Kutenko N. A. , Loza N. V.
Published: April 2024

A series of composite ion-exchange membranes based on a heterogeneous cation-exchange MK-40 membrane and polyaniline was obtained under the conditions of electrodiffusion of a monomer and an oxidizing agent. The process of polyaniline synthesis on the membrane surface was accompanied by the registration of chronopotentiograms and the pH of the solution leaving the desalination compartment. The initial MK-40 cation-exchange membrane and the composites based on it were studied by voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 solutions in the same electrodialysis flow cell in which the composites were obtained. To calculate the transport numbers of counterions in membranes in CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions by the chronopotentiometric method, the apparent fraction of the conducting membrane surface in the NaCl solution was calculated based on experimental data on the potentiometric transport numbers of counterions in the membrane. The conditions for the synthesis of polyaniline on the surface of a heterogeneous MK-40 membrane, leading to the preparation of samples with selectivity to singly charged ions, are revealed.
The Effect of Introduction of Phenolic Antioxidants on the Thermal-Oxidative Stability and Gas Permeability of Poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne)
Authors: Makrushin V. P. , Chernikov V. K. , Levin I. S. , Kossov A. A. , Matson S. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In this work, we studied the thermal-oxidative stability and gas transport properties of poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) (PMP) film samples with mixed configurational composition (50% cis-units) in the presence of phenolic antioxidants Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010, Vulkanox BHT and Rianox 1520, which differ in the nature and structure of the substituents on the benzene ring. Annealing of PMP films at 140°C showed that films with the addition of Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010 retain their strength and stability of gas transport properties for at least 150 h of total heating after a moderate decrease in permeability (∼30%) in the first 48 h of heating. PMP films with Vulkanox BHT and Rianox 1520 after 48 h of heating at 140°C demonstrate an increase in gas permeability coefficients, indicating the onset of polymer degradation, and after 100 h of heating they are destroyed. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction of films with the most effective stabilizers Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010 revealed a decrease in interchain distances after annealing, which indicates an increase in the packing density of macromolecules as a result of thermally activated relaxation.
Influence of Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes Composition on Their Structure and Transport Properties
Authors: Vasilieva V. I. , Meshcheryakova E. E. , Falina I. V. , Kononenko N. A. , Brovkina M. A. , Akberova E. M.
Published: April 2024

The physicochemical properties of experimental heterogeneous MK-40 and MA-41 membranes with different ratios of ion-exchange resin and polyethylene binder in their composition are studied. It is shown that the specific electrical conductivity in 0.01–1 M NaCl solution decreases by more than 3 times for cation-exchange membranes and by 2 times for anion-exchange ones with a decrease in the content of ion-exchange resin in the membranes from 69 to 55%. It has been established that the diffusion permeability of anion-exchange membranes is more sensitive to their composition and naturally increases with an increase in the ion-exchange resin proportion in the composition. Information on the influence of the heterogeneous membrane composition on its structure, obtained by method of standard contact porosimetry, is supplemented by the calculation of transport-structural parameters of the microheterogeneous and extended three-wire models of the ion-exchange membrane.
The Effect of Lactose on the Transport Properties of Ion-Exchange Membranes
Authors: Loza N. V. , Kutenko N. A. , Brovkina M. A. , Samkov A. A. , Kruglova M. N.
Published: April 2024

The influence of lactose on the basic transport characteristics of ion exchange membranes, including cation-exchange membranes modified by polyaniline, has been studied. A positive effect on biofouling by Bacillus sp. or Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cell cultures of modified MK-40 and Ralex CMHPES membranes has been found. That is mainly due to the different area of the conductive surface of these membranes. It has been revealed that the presence
of lactose in a solution leads to a decrease in the conductivity of all studied membranes. However, the most significant effect is manifested for MK-40 membrane modified by polyaniline: its electrical conductivity is reduced by 15–25%. The diffusion permeability of the anion-exchange and initial cation-exchange membranes is poorly dependent on the presence of lactose in the solution. However, its decrease is observed by 2–2.5 times in the case of cation-exchange membranes modified by polyaniline. A significant effect of lactose on the current-voltage characteristics of the anion-exchange membranes has been found. This fact indicates significant adsorption of lactose on membrane surface in an external electric field. It is shown that ion-exchange membranes remain quite effective for electrodialysis of hydrochloric serum solutions, but their use is more effective at under limiting current modes.
Experimental Determination of the Gas Transport Characteristics of Polysuflone and Polyphenyleneoxide Hollow-Fiber Membranes in Relation to Noble Gases
Authors: Atlaskin A. A. , Kryuchkov S. S. , Stepakova A. N. , Moiseenko I. S. , Tsivkovsky N. S. , Smorodin K. A. , Petukhov A. N. , Atlaskina M. E. , Vorotyntsev I. V.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an an experimental study of commercially available hollow fiber membranes made of two polymers, polysulfone and polyphenylene oxide. The main objective is to determine the gas transport characteristics of these membranes with respect to air components and noble gases. Therefore, the permeabilities of the membranes for nitrogen, oxygen, helium, argon, xenon and krypton were determined as part of this study. Particular attention is paid to the xenon-containing air mixture, since the problem of capturing medical xenon seems to be an urgent chemical and technological problem due to the high cost of the process of obtaining this gas. In the course of the study, the values of the permeability of two membranes for pure gases were determined and the values of ideal selectivity were calculated. Thus, the membrane permeability values for argon, krypton, and xenon were 20.8, 8.4, and 6.8 GPU for the polysulfone membrane and 19.5, 6.2, and 4.8 GPU for the polyphenylene oxide membrane. It was found that the xenon permeability of these membranes decreases in the case of separation of a gas mixture consisting of oxygen nitrogen and xenon and is 5.9 and 4.1 GPU for polysulfone and polyphenylene oxide, respectively. The dependence of the performance of membrane modules based on polysulfone and polyphenylene oxide on the total area of the membrane has also been established.
Evaluation of the Effect of Electroosmosis on the Efficiency of Electrobaromembrane Separation Using Track-Etched Membranes
Authors: Butylskii D. Yu. , Mareev S. A. , Ryzhkov I. I. , Urtenov M. Kh. , Apel P. Yu. , Nikonenko V. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of a theoretical analysis of the influence of the electroosmotic flow on the electromigration and convective transport of competing ions separated by the electrobaromembrane method are presented. Separated ions of the same charge sign move in an electric field through the pores of a track-etched membrane to the corresponding electrode, while due to the pressure drop across the membrane, a commensurate counter convective flow is created. A simplified model based on the equation of convective electrodiffusion and Hagen–Poiseuille equation allows the analysis of experimental data applying only the ion effective transport numbers in the membrane pores as fitting parameters. Using a mathematical model described by the system of equations of Nernst–Planck, Navier–Stokes and Poisson, it is shown that the electroosmotic flow can cause the effective transport numbers of competing ions to exceed their values in solution, even if these ions are coions for the membrane.
Influence of the Approach to Membrane Mass Transfer Characteristics Determination on the Process Simulation Results
Authors: Atlaskin A. A. , Kryuchkov S. S. , Stepakova A. N. , Moiseenko I. S. , Tsivkovsky N. S. , Smorodin K. A. , Petukhov A. N. , Atlaskina M. E. , Vorotyntsev I. V.
Published: April 2024

In this work, the dependence of the output characteristics determined in the simulation of the gas separation membrane process on the gas transport characteristics of the membrane specified as parameters of the membrane module model has been investigated. The study was carried out on a laboratory setup containing polyphenylene oxide hollow fibres. As a result of this integrated study, including theoretical and experimental approaches, it has been determined that when using the ideal gas transport characteristics obtained for pure gases to simulate the process, the error expressed in achievable concentration of the target component in the product stream ranges from 1.5 to 8.8% compared to the experimentally obtained values for the same module geometry and the same membrane area. This discrepancy can lead both to unattainable targets for the technological line and to an incorrect technical and economic evaluation of the process. Thus, the design of technological lines using mathematical modelling tools should be based on the “effective” gas transport characteristics of the material and/or product obtained for the components of real gas mixtures or simulating real gas mixtures.
Kinetic Transport Coefficients Through a Bilayer Ion Exchange Membrane during Electrodiffusion
Authors: Ugrozov V. V. , Filippov A. N.
Published: April 2024

Analytical expressions for the specific coefficients of electrical conductivity and electrodiffusion through a bilayer ion exchange membrane during the electrodiffusion process are obtained within the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes and a homogeneous model of a fine-porous membrane. The influence of physicochemical characteristics of the modifying layer and electrolyte concentration on the values of the obtained coefficients at fixed physicochemical characteristics of the substrate has been investigated by the method of mathematical modelling. It is shown that electrical conductivity and electrodiffusion of the modified membrane at coincidence of signs of volume charges of the membrane layers increase with an increase of density of volume charge of the modifying layer and decrease at their difference or an increase of thickness of the modifying layer. With increasing electrolyte concentration, the abovementioned characteristics of the modified membrane increase regardless of the sign of the charges of the membrane layers. The obtained analytical expressions can be used in modelling electromembrane processes and predicting the parameters of new surface modified ion exchange membranes.
Sequestration of organic carbon in soddy-podzolic sandy soil
Authors: Boitsova L. V , Neprimerova S. V , Zinchuk E. G
Published: April 2024

The study was carried out in order to study the deposition of organic matter in the clay fraction of soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil of varying degrees of cultivation. The object of research is soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil of medium (MDC) and high (HDC) degree of cultivation (Leningrad region). Determination of organic matter was carried out according to the method of Tyurin I.V. The isolation of the clay fraction of the soil (
The effectiveness of the complex use of pharmacological agents to preserve the bioresource potential of broiler chickens in conditions of overcompacted planting aggravated by high ambient temperature
Authors: Saifulmulyukov E. R , Miftakhutdinov A. V
Published: April 2024

The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of the use of pharmacological agents to preserve the bioresource potential of broiler chickens in conditions of overcrowded planting and high ambient temperature. The experimental bird of the Ross 308 cross was divided into 2 groups. The stocking density averaged 48.1 ± 1.8 kg/m2, the temperature in poultry houses was 27.1 ± 2.3 °C. Growing and fattening of poultry was carried out for 40 days. In the control group, broilers were not treated with pharmacological agents; in the experimental group, 6 days before slaughter, the method of pharmacological stress correction was used, which consisted of 3 successive stages: 1 preparatory stage - enrichment of the poultry diet with methionine by 10% compared to its initial content; potassium chloride at a dose of 0.3% and betaine at a dose of 10% of the total feed; stage 2 (increasing thermal stability) - 2 hours before the maximum recorded temperatures in the house with drinking water, broilers were given acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 50-60 mg/kg of body weight; Stage 3 - compensatory, the implementation of which began in the evening, at the time of the temperature drop in the poultry house to the optimum, and consisting in drinking a water-soluble complex, at the rate of 195 mg per 1 kg of body weight. When applying this scheme, a decrease in the mortality of poultry during transportation by 31.5%, an increase in safety to 94.4%, and an increase in the proportion of carcasses of the 1st grade by 7.6% were noted. In the blood serum of broiler chickens of the experimental group, there was a significant increase in total protein by 17.1%, cholesterol by 13.8%, beta-lipoproteins by 23.8% and calcium by 12.3%. The meat of broiler chickens of the experimental group exceeded the control in protein content by 1.08%, tyrosine by 6.9%, threonine by 9.5, phenylalanine by 15.0, leucine and isoleucine by 13.7 and histidine by 34.5%.
Productivity of sugar sorgo in a mix with forage beans in modeling various conditions of mineral nutrition
Authors: Timokhin A. Yu. , Boiko V. S , Volodin A. B , Nizhelsky T. N , Mikhailov V. V
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in 2020-2021. in the conditions of a field experiment at the hospital of the FSBSI "Omsk ASC". The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various conditions of mineral nutrition on the productivity of sugar sorghum mixed with fodder beans in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following options: soil supply with mobile phosphorus (factor A) - medium (50 ... 100 mg / kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100 ... 120 mg / kg, background I and 140 ... mg/kg, background II), high (150...200 mg/kg, background III); phosphorus fertilizer (factor B) - P0, P60; nitrogen fertilizer (factor C) - N0, N30, N60. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized by a neutral pHwater of the arable layer with a humus content of 7.01 ... 7.24%, a low supply of nitrate nitrogen in a layer of 0 0.4 m, an average supply of mobile phosphorus and a high supply of exchangeable potassium in a layer of 0 0.2 m on control. Growing drought-resistant crops allows efficient use of atmospheric and soil moisture resources. The use of mineral fertilizers also contributes to its economical use per unit of crop, significantly reducing the value of the water consumption coefficient. The ratio of the legume and bluegrass components in the grass mixture to a certain extent depended on the conditions of mineral nutrition. With an increase in the level of phosphorus supply, there was a tendency to increase the share of legumes, the use of nitrogen mineral fertilizers increased the competitive ability of sugar sorghum. Optimization of the conditions of mineral nutrition provided up to 5.68 thousand feed units/ha and 28.29 t/ha of green mass at 3.10 thousand feed units/ha and 15.38 t/ha of green mass in the control variant. The collection of more than 0.5 ton of digestible protein and 60 GJ/ha of metabolic energy in the crop of a legume-sorghum mixture is a good contribution to the system of forage production in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.
Content of mineral substances and sugar acid complex of introduced and local breeding varieties of cherries grown in Dagestan
Authors: Guseinova B. M , Musaeva R. T
Published: April 2024

In sweet cherry varieties cultivated in foothill Dagestan, to establish their selection and technological priorities, the mineral composition was studied, the content of sugars and acids was determined by generally accepted analysis methods. The subjects of the study were fruits of 8 introduced and 12 local breeding varieties of sweet cherries, which, depending on the variety, contained: potassium 80.6- 312.5; calcium 10.0-35.6; sodium 9.4-48.9; magnesium 7.7-21.2; phosphorus 25.6-55.1; iron 0.19-1.02; copper 0.08-0.63; manganese 0.11-0.68 and zinc 0.31-0.94 mg%. The best in terms of the total supply of macroelements in fruits were varieties: Gudzon - 427.7; Valeriy Chkalov - 335.2; Vinka - 320.8; Lezginka- 294.6; Durona de Vinola (sek.) - 284.3; Dagestanskaya chernaya - 271.4 and Pozdnyaya Lermontova - 271.0 mg%. A large amount of microelements (2.18-1.79 mg%) were found in the fruits of the varieties Valeriy Chkalov, Gudzon, Durona de Vinola (sek.), Krupnoplodnaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Dagestanskaya rannyaya, Dagestanskaya chernaya and Pozdnyaya Lermontova. Most varieties of sweet cherries: Polyanka, Gudzon, Vinka, Romantika, Bigarro Krainskogo, Buynakskaya chernaya, Lezginka, Leningradskaya gvardeyskaya and Pozdnyaya Lermontova, the total amount of sugars ranged from 11.2-12.8 %, and the concentration of acids was 0.63-1.10 %. The most promising for the optimization of the industrial variety of sweet cherries in the conditions of Dagestan, the use in selection work and the design of new specialized food products, were the varieties Valeriy Chkalov, Vinka, Durona de Vinola (sek.), Gudzon, Krupnoplodnaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Dagestanskaya chernaya, Lezginka and Pozdnyaya Lermontova, distinguished by the greatest ability formation of mineral substances, sugars and acids in fruits.
Evaluation of breeding forms and varieties of hybrid clover of different geographical origin in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Cherniavskih V. I , Dumacheva E. V , Sajfutdinova L. D , Chmirev V. G
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research was to evaluate wild forms of hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) of di erent geographical origin in the year of sowing (the rst year of herbage life), in comparison with varieties, under conditions of unstable moisture in the Central Black Earth region. We studied 20 varieties and wild forms - varieties Novator (standard), Pervenets, Fregat, wild forms from the North- West, Central, Volgo- Vyatsky, Central Black Earth regions, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Canada, etc.). The research was conducted in Belgorod region in two plots of collection nurseries in 2022-2023 on typical chernozem. The highest dry matter yield in the year of sowing (0.411…0.504 kg/m2) on average for two years possessed varieties Novator (standard) and Pervenets, as well as wild forms from Canada VIC 8, Tatarstan - VIC № 753, Moscow - M-2/21 and Belgorod - B-2/20 regions. The form M-2/21 is of particular value. With dry matter yield in the year of sowing in 2022 at the level of the standard (0.416 kg/m2) in 2023 the number provided a yield of 0.672 kg/m2, significantly exceeding the standard by 0.165 kg/m2, or 32.5 %. On average for two years, the samples showed signi cant morphological dissimilarity and variation in length of one stem (43.1…57.6 cm), weight of one stem (1.6…3.5 g), obliquity (26.5…50.1 %). When evaluating the forms of hybrid clover by productivity in the year of sowing, the most reliable evaluation traits include stem length (r=0.514) and stem weight (r=0.599), the degree of anthocyanin colouration of the stem (r=0.501) and leaf area (r=0.521).
Influence of perennial grasses usage duration on fertility of irtysk oma meadow-black earth soil
Authors: Aksenova Yu. V , Boiko V. S , Timokhin A. Yu
Published: April 2024

Studies were carried out in order to establish the in uence of legume- cereal grass mixtures on the fertility indicators of irrigated meadow- chernozem soil, depending on the duration of their cultivation in grain- grass crop rotation. Two factors were studied in the experiment: A - grass mixture: 1) awnless brome + alfalfa 6 years old, 2) awnless brome + eastern goat’s rue + eastern goat’s rue 12 years old, 3) awnless brome + eastern goat’s rue 21 years old; B - mineral fertilizers: 1) without fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied for each of the two mowings, and phosphorus fertilizers were applied as reserves. The dependence of the amount of agronomically valuable aggregates and their resistance to water erosion action on the age of legume-bluegrass grass mixtures was revealed. With an increase in the age of herbs, the number of these aggregates in the soil layer 0…20 cm increased from 48 % under the grass mixture of 6 years of life to 69 % under the grass mixture of 12 years, reaching 79 % under the grass mixture of 21 years of life. When introducing nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, a decrease in fractions of agronomically valuable aggregates under the grass stand of 12 and 21 years of life was established by 7…9 % in relation to options without fertilizers. With the increase in the age of grass stand, the content of humus and humic acids in its composition, exchange cations and the reaction of the medium did not change significantly, to a greater extent the changes are associated with the influence of mineral fertilizers. The amount of humus under the herbs in the soil layer 0…20 cm was high and reached 6.7…7.1 % in fertilized versions and 7.5…7.8 % in versions without fertilizers. In the composition of humus, the share of humic acid carbon accounted for from 1.9…2.4 to 2.6…2.7 %, respectively, options. The reaction of the medium in the test variants varied from 5.8 to 6.8 units of pH the aqueous suspension. In the composition of exchangeable cations, calcium accounted for 70 to 87 %. In the experimental variants without fertilizers, the content of mobile phosphorus (according to Chirikov) in the soil was 55…90 mg/ kg; when applying fertilizers, its amount increased by 68…95 mg/kg in a layer of 0…20 cm and by 40 …70 mg/kg in a layer of 20…40 cm. Indicators of the chemical and physicochemical properties of the soil reached optimal parameters after 6 years of cultivating the legume-poa grass mixture, so further use (12 and 21 years) of the soil under grass is not practical.
Spring wheat harvest under complex agrotechnological influence in conditions of various humidification of the south of Western Siberia
Authors: Usenko V. I. , Garkusha A. A. , Litvintseva T. A. , Deryanova E. G. , Shcherbakova A. A. , Kobzeva I. A.
Published: April 2024

Studies to assess the effectiveness of the complex impact of agrotechnological techniques (fertilizers, pesticides, tillage, precursors) on the harvest of spring wheat were carried out in 2011-2023. The work was carried out on leached low-power low-humus medium loamy chernozem of the Altai Territory. The scheme of the stationary field experiment, laid down in 2000, assumed the study of the following options: tillage (factor A) - deep (25…27 cm), shallow (14…16 cm) flat-cut, without processing; fertilizers (factor B) - without fertilizers, near-sowing (ammophos), basic (ammonium nitrate) + near-sowing; pesticides (factor C) - without pesticides, dicoticides, dicoticides + graminicides, dicoticides + graminicides + insecticides + fungicides. The predecessors of wheat created pairs in crop rotation (without tillage - rapeseed) - wheat - oats - wheat - peas - wheat and with permanent cultivation of wheat. The yield of wheat (t/ha) for predecessors without fertilizers and pesticides averaged 1.53 for each pair of tillage, 1.27 for peas, 1.06 for oats, and 0.81 for permanent sowing. The dependence (r) of yield on May--June moisture by predecessors increased from 0.628 to 0.705, 0.870 and 0.918, respectively. The contribution of tillage (%) to wheat yield variation decreased from steam and peas (26.9…58.0) to oats and permanent sowing (1.3…2.5), and fertilizers and pesticides increased from 10.0 to 53.2 and from 29.7 to 51.5, respectively. The increase in yield (t/ha) from the seed fertilizer with ammophos decreased from steam (0.15) to peas (0.11), oats (0.10) and permanent sowing (0.08), and from the main fertilizer with ammonium nitrate, on the contrary, increased from 0.19 and 0.18 to 0.31 and 0.22. With good moisture, the effectiveness of fertilizers increased with increasing saturation with pesticides by 1.5…2.0 times.
Economics in the U.S. national security system
Authors: Menshikova Anna M.
Published: April 2024

The National Security Strategy of October 2022 is based on integration into the national security of the U.S. economy, including foreign economic and trade policy, export control, control over the transfer of advanced technologies and the consolidation of friendly and allied U.S. countries in order to collectively use the entire arsenal of these tools in the interests of ensuring the national security of the United States and ensuring the preservation of its leading position in the modern world. .This approach includes such main components as domestic investment in the United States in the promotion of innovative technologies and state support for technologically advanced industries of the American economy, strengthening economic government, monitoring not only incoming, but also outgoing investments. The Strategy justifies the thesis about the destruction of the borders between U.S. domestic and foreign policy while upholding the interests of the country's national security, the need to give priority to the internal technological security of its economy, maintaining American technological advantages, and actively countering the growth of economic, diplomatic, China's military and technological power as the main and sole centre of power, actually able to get ahead of the United States in the total volume of advanced technologies already this decade, depriving the United States of the status of the leading economic force of the modern world. The essence of the approach to U.S. economic security reflected in the White House Strategy is the desire to surpass China as the most strategically significant threat to U.S. national security and the joint efforts of a coalition of friendly and allied U.S. states to contain the breakthrough technological development of China, reflected in the concept of "Made in China 2025."
The United States of America: following the pandemic
Authors: Shvedova Nadezhda A.
Published: April 2024

In American society, the consequences of the pandemic that the population of the country is experiencing are quite actively discussed. The plots are different. The topic of the changing psychological climate in the country, which threatens US public health, attracts attention. Especially given the attempts to deeply comprehend the lessons of the pandemic with a reasonable understanding of the specific necessary transformations for full readiness for future pandemic tests, which, according to many, are inevitable. Pandemic-induced lockdown habits, combined with telecommuting and support for not-quite-social media, have tipped the scales towards much more time spent alone. Experts are noting and sounding the alarm about the statistics that Americans are spending more time alone before Covid-19 hit. Why is loneliness, i.e. is “a downed social temperament” striving for active social communication so worrying about Americans at the present time? There are several reasons and motives. As a rule, those participating in discussions and discussions point to two main ones - the threat to the health of the nation and the weakening of network ties during the presidential election cycle, which will undoubtedly affect their results.
“The west needs a new strategy towards Ukraine”
Authors: Podlesnyi Pavel T.
Published: April 2024

Richard Haass. Charles Kupchan. The West needs a new strategy towards Ukraine. Foreign Affairs , April 13, 2023.
The U.S. military-industrial complex as a factor in maintaining its dominant global position
Authors: Babkina Sofia K.
Published: April 2024

The article identifies considerable structural problems in the U.S. military-industrial complex, including production concentration, inefficiency of the government - defense contractor model and the associated financial losses to the federal budget, fragile production chains, and personnel shortages. Excessive defense spending, which is attributed to external threats, diverts attention from important domestic political subjects, such as social issues. The over-consolidation of production in the hands of the Pentagon's top 5 major defense contractors negatively affects the defense industry and reduces U.S. national security capabilities, undermining the United States' ability to maintain its dominant position in the world.
US military-industrial complex under the influence of the ukrainian conflict
Authors: Shkrobtak Igor O.
Published: April 2024

This study is devoted to the study of the state of the military-industrial complex under the influence of the Ukrainian conflict, problems and prospects of development. The work is relevant due to the escalation of the conflict in Ukraine and the use of American weapons by the Armed Forces of Ukraine against Russian units during a special military operation. The article investigates such issues of the military-industrial complex as the gap between the civilian and military industries of the United States, the dependence of the American defense industry on foreign manufacturers and developers, the lack of complete chains of weapons creation and the unsuitability of American models for high-intensity conflict. The study particularly considers the relationship between civil and military production and the importance of a developed industry for the military-industrial complex. The paper focuses on the ideology of the creation and production of products of the American defense industry and their inconsistency with the conditions of a high-intensity conflict. The work emphasizes the need for serious financial injections and socio-economic reforms in any possible scenario for the development of the US military-industrial complex.
Метаморфози «великого стилю» у дзеркалі «молодої режисури» митців-франківців 2021–2023 рр.
Authors: Скрипник Євгенія , Мошкіна Олександра , Зарічна Яна
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження — виявити репрезентативні трансформації «великого стилю» Національного академічного драматичного театру імені Івана Франка з огляду на практику молодих режисерів Івана Уривського й Давида Петросяна та визначити концепти, що актуалізують драматургічну класику на мапі естетико-художніх координат трупи франківців і соціокультурних перетворень третьої декади ХХІ століття. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи аналітичного підходу, який дає змогу висвітлити основні вектори режисерської думки під час постановки вистав за класичною драматургією, та на зіставно-типологічний метод, який допомагає порівняти вистави попередників з актуальними версіями й надати їм коректної оцінки. Також став у пригоді й семіотичний метод під час тлумачення символіки та знакових систем у практиці режисерів І. Уривського та Д. Петросяна. Наукову новизну сфокусовано на визначенні нових формотворчих елементів сценічності вистав-римейків «Безталанна» та «Візит». Видовищність, масштабність, стилістичні прийоми та метафорична образність сценографії цих вистав тяжіють до універсалізації класичних сюжетних колізій і спонукають глядачів до власного дешифрування режисерських концептів. Висновки. У постановках молодих режисерів-франківців немає предметної реалістичної сценографії, простір сцени насичено окремими символами й елементами архетипів. У цьому простежується метафоричність сценічних реалій, підсилена злагодженою ансамблевою роботою творчої команди театру: акторів, художників костюмів, хореографів, композиторів та інших цехів. Терапевтичним ефектом і «Безталанної», і «Візиту» є те, що вистави своїм філософським змістом впливають на почуття глядачів, дистанціюють їх від актуальних проблем і животрепетного болю, даючи змогу замислитися над «вічними» темами людського буття.
Maritime Defence Empowerment in the Development of Fishermen's Communities in Sungsang Waters, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Zainubbi Zainubbi , Rejo Amin , Lionardo Andries , Gumay Muhammad Hendri
Published: April 2024

According to Republic of Indonesia Law No. 34 of 2004 addressing the INAF, the duties of the Indonesian Navy are outlined in Article 9 paragraph (e): to implement Dawilhanla. Dawilhanla is the empowerment of coastal communities through Binpotmar, which is implemented by Lantamal III/JKT in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, coastal areas represented by Bungakarang Village, Tanjung Lago regency, Marga Sungsang, Sungsang I-IV, Pili Village, Banyuasin II regency. The purpose of organizing the Empowerment of Maritime Defense areas is: in the perspective of Hanneg's interests is to prepare maritime defense areas and support forces as early as possible to win the conflict. From a community perspective, it aims to assist in overcoming community challenges and improving the welfare of maritime communities. The purpose of this research is to analyze Lantamal/JKT's strategy for empowering marine defense areas to improve the welfare of fishing communities in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, as well as to develop a model of this strategy. The research employed a qualitative research approach. Data was collected from designated informants and analyzed using qualitative techniques. The findings of research on coastal community empowerment are limited by only providing assistance to fishermen, which is not optimal considering the limited budget. Synergy between agencies is not implemented in a sustainable manner that meets the needs of the fishing community. The conclusion of the implementation of the coastal community empowerment strategy to increase the income of coastal communities/fishermen in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, was not successful.
The Southern Necropolis of Cyrene
Authors: Cherstich Luca
Published: April 2024

This book presents an in‑depth analysis of the Southern Necropolis of Cyrene. Numerous tombs surround this ancient Greek city located in Eastern Libya. Many of these monumental structures feature elaborate ornamental patterns and complex architectural elements. Yet, most graves have been plundered in the past, hence they appear as beautifully decorated, but empty spaces that seem to provide little information to archaeologists. This volume aims at overcoming this problem. While the book provides an exploration of the architecture of Cyrenean tombs, it avoids a purely descriptive, art‑historical approach. Instead, the analysis focuses on issues of funerary competition, display strategies, spatial organization, and the possible role of lost, unknown rituals in shaping the material record over a period of more than a thousand years, from the Archaic phase to Late Roman times. In so doing, it reconstructs the social history of ancient Cyreneans through the evolution of their ostentatious funerary culture.
From Wilderness to Paradise: A Sixth-Century Mosaic Pavement at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica, Libya
Authors: Jane Chick
Published: April 2024

From Wilderness to Paradise presents an in-depth study of the large mosaic pavement in the East Church at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica, Libya. The pavement, which survives almost in its entirety, consists of fifty panels, each containing a different image. Despite being described as ‘the finest and most interesting set of Christian mosaics yet found in Libya’ (Illustrated London News, December 1957), subsequent studies have generally dismissed the pavement as a random selection of images with no symbolic meaning and no overarching scheme. This book argues that the remarkably rich and complex mosaic should be understood as a coherent whole.

A discussion about reading imagery in Late Antiquity precedes a meticulous iconographical study. Within the pavement’s overall coherence, the grid layout allows the panels to be read in different directions, rather like a crossword puzzle, their meaning shifting with each change of focus. Particular attention is paid to small groups of images related either by subject matter or location, and the discussion shows how the placement of certain panels impacts the surrounding imagery, giving meaning over and above the significance of individual motifs. The iconographical study concludes by considering the mosaic from the viewpoint of those moving across the pavement and the phenomenological responses this interaction may have elicited. It suggests that as the images passed fleetingly underfoot, a journey unfurled and one was led from a chaotic oceanic wilderness in the east, to a more orderly paradisiacal world further west.
Disease and Healing in the Indus Civilisation
Authors: Robert Arnott
Published: April 2024

Disease and Healing in the Indus Civilisation presents a synthesis of what is currently known about health, disease and healing in the Indus Civilisation in the third to early second millennia BCE, underpinned by original research. It is the result of a detailed study of published human skeletal remains and material culture, with an increasing awareness of the natural environment. When combined with a knowledge of palaeoepidemiology and the natural history of disease, ancient climate change, and what is known of healing and health in contemporary Bronze Age societies of the Near East, with which the Indus Civilisation was in contact, it has been possible to piece together a picture of diseases in the period, the practice of healing and the development of public health. For the first time, the book illustrates the health, life expectancy, and the illnesses and injuries from which those at the bottom of society suffered, both at work and at home.
A Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls e o sistema de alíquotas progressivas na tributação da renda das pessoas físicas no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Baltazar Antônio Henrique Lindemberg , Catarino João Ricardo
Published: April 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma recensão investigativa sobre a Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls, assim como, a partir dessa perspectiva, refletir sobre o sistema de tributação da renda das pessoas físicas no Brasil e em Portugal, procurando assentar suas características principais e possíveis dificuldades na construção de um sistema fiscal mais justo. A análise da teoria rawlsiana, assim como a exposição de suas críticas mais contundentes, especialmente no que se refere à construção de um sistema tributário justo, permite a compreensão dos alicerces sobre os quais deve estar construído um sistema de tributação da renda. Nesse contexto, as recomendações da OCDE, apresentadas neste estudo, podem ser um importante ponto de partida.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG HOSPITAL
Authors: Permana Adhi , Purwoko Mitayani , Azzahra Rashieka Adawiya
Published: April 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is one of several non-communicable diseases that have seen an associated increase in mortality over the past two decades. The causes of decreased kidney function are due to several factors, including a history of hypertension, cardiovascular history, family history of CKD, history of drinking preserved beverages, colored beverages, and other chemicals, and older age groups. Consuming soft drinks is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones as risk factors for chronic kidney disease. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the frequency of soft drinks and chronic kidney disease at the Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital. The sample of this study was 47 cases and 47 controls with an analytic observational research design with a case-control approach. This study used questionnaires and medical record data at the Palembang Muhammadiyah Hospital. Sampling used a consecutive sampling technique. The results showed that 61.7% of CKD patients and 55.3% of control subjects consumed soft drinks. The types of soft drinks consumed by CKD patients and control subjects were soft drinks with added sweeteners (100.0%). The results of the Pearson Chi-square test showed a value of p=0.644 (p>0.05). This study concluded that there is no relationship between the frequency of soft drinks and chronic kidney disease.
PENGARUH BERCERITA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KOSA KATA ANAK USIA 5 SAMPAI 6 TAHUN DI TAMAN KANAK KANAK
Authors: Salsabilla Zahra
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum berkembangnya kosakata anak dan kurangnya variasi media pengajaran kosakata kepada anak oleh guru. Selama ini guru hanya mengajarkan bahasa dan kosakata kepada anak dengan menggunakan alat sederhana seperti buku cerita dan powerpoint sebagai media pembelajaran dalam mengembangkan kosakata anak. Di era globalisasi saat ini, guru dapat memanfaatkan kecanggihan teknologi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kosa kata anak. Salah satu media dalam mengembangkan kosa kata pada anak adalah dengan metode bercerita dengan menggunakan media berbasis IT, seperti aplikasi zepeto. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan bentuk eksperimen kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa TK Laboratorium Universitas Padang dengan contoh kelas b2 dan b3 masing-masing berjumlah 15 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, sehingga data diolah dengan uji kesesuaian (uji-t) menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Berdasarkan analisis data, rata-rata hasil tes dan postes kelompok tes sebesar 6 dan 1053. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol rata-rata hasil uji coba dan postes sebesar 5,6 dan 9,53. Hasilnya data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Pada pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t independen sampel diperoleh nilai sig (2-tail) sebesar 0,012 < 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bercerita dengan menggunakan aplikasi zepeto terbukti lebih efektif untuk pengembangan kosa kata pada anak.
PENGARUH METODE PROYEK PENJERNIHAN AIR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS ANAK DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK KARTIKA 1-55 PADANG
Authors: Syahrimal Uva Shintia , Yaswinda Yaswinda
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterampilan proses sains pada anak belum berkembang dan kurangnya media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sains, sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya minat belajar sains pada anak, serta metode yang digunakan kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada anak dalam mengembangkan keterampilan proses sainsnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode proyek penjernihan air terhadap keterampilan proses sains anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika 1-55 Padang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif sementara metodenya quasi eksperiment. Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika 1-55 Padang kelompok eksperimen kelas Ceria sebanyak 21 anak serta kelompok kontrol kelas Mandiri sebanyak 21 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data memakai uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Kemudian data diolah dengan uji perbedaan (t-test) menggunakan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22.0 for windows. Didasarkan analisis data, hasil rata-rata pre-test serta post-test kelompok eksperimen adalah 13,57 dan 22,9. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol, rata-rata hasil pre-test serta post-test ialah 12,14 dan 19,52. Data yang dihasilkan berdistribusi normal serta homogen. Pada uji hipotesis dengan Indpendent sample t-test nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,012 yaitu lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode proyek penjernihan air terhadap keterampilan proses sains anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika 1-55 Padang.