bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Distance Relaying Reliability: S Transform Solution for Renewable Energy-Infused Smart Grid
Authors: Sanjay Dambhare Shivaji Raskar,
Published: April 2024

Distance relaying is a crucial component in safeguarding transmission lines globally. However, the presence of Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) introduces challenges, as oscillations in voltage and current magnitudes adversely affect the performance of conventional distance relays. Detecting faults accurately during these oscillations poses a significant challenge for traditional relaying mechanisms. This paper addresses the issue of SSR-induced maloperations in distance relays, particularly in the context of the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources in smart grids. The integration of wind power into the grid generates sub-synchronous oscillations, leading to protection issues. In response, a novel solution leveraging the S transform, a modern signal processing technique, is proposed to enhance the robustness of distance relaying under such challenging conditions. The developed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and rigorously tested on the First Benchmark Model of sub-synchronous resonance. Simulation of the model is conducted in the PSCAD simulation software, and the results are thoroughly validated in MATLAB. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the S transform-based approach in accurately identifying faults and mitigating maloperations caused by SSR, thereby improving the reliability of distance relaying in smart grids with high renewable energy integration.
Eye Gaze for Monitoring Attention Through Hybrid Ensemble Learning
Authors: Ranjeet Bidwe,
Published: April 2024

One of the countless tasks that call attention to monitoring is necessary for comprising healthcare, education, transportation safety, and human-computer interaction. This research describes novel work done in attention monitoring by fusing a hybrid eye gaze model with deep learning to monitor a driver's attention level. The hybrid eye gaze model proposed is described and its results are produced in this paper. The proposed model uses an augmented dataset where data augmentation techniques like rotation, shifting, shearing, and flipping are applied together with adjustments like changing the fill mode in terms of zooming into the image and rescaling. These are all crucial aspects in reliable and consistent training of the model. Our model is built on modern pre-trained architectures which include VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB7, and InceptionResNetV2. To aid in capturing very minute attention dynamics, we modify these architectures and then incorporate more layers. Later, we used a model ensemble to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the model. Later, the XGBoost model is integrated with all other models used before in the hybrid model technique to obtain better accuracy and efficiency of the model. The model performance is adequately evaluated using various evaluation measures like accuracy, precision, recall, F1 Score, and support. These metrics provide a holistic understanding of the model's capability to detect and predict attention patterns in different contexts. After using the models, we could get the best accuracy from VGG19 and InceptionResNetV2, i.e., 84.6% and 83.6% respectively. VGG16 hybrid models recorded 82% in the accuracy test. With deep learning and pre-trained architectures, the Hybrid Eye Gaze Model shows a strong and flexible attention monitoring solution for varying types of applications.
Dry-Cooled Rankine Cycle Operated With Binary Carbon Dioxide Based Working Fluids
Authors: Illyés Viktoria , Salah Salma , Abdeldayem Abdelrahman , Werner Andreas , Sayma Abdulnaser , Manzolini Giampaolo , Haider Markus
Published: April 2024

The dry-cooled Rankine cycle working with a zeotropic mixture of CO2+C6F6 is influenced by the ambient temperature as air is used as the heat sink. Varying heat sink temperatures allow for operating the cycle under sliding condensation pressure which may benefit a hybrid PV-CSP plant. The study demonstrates the effect of this operation mode on composition shift and condensation pressure and investigates the cycle performance. The results show that defining the turbine design conditions significantly impact whether the system´s thermodynamic performance behaves acceptably in off-design conditions. Operating the turbine which was designed for a big pressure ratio in part-load especially if both, inlet and outlet pressure are at off-design conditions, is not favorable and leads to deteriorated efficiencies. Under some constraints for turbine and heat exchanger design, the proposed cycle enhances the hybrid PV-CSP system.
Análise espacial de casos prováveis de Zika em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Araujo Adriana , Rodrigues Zulimar , Soares Thalita , Neto José , Junior José
Published: April 2024

Contexto: A zika é uma  arbovirose  transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti através do vírus (ZIKV). Os primeiros casos da presença do vírus no Brasil  aconteceram no nordeste brasileiro ainda no ano  de 2014. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise espacial de casos prováveis de Zika, relacionando a taxa de incidência com índice de infestação predial (IIP) por Aedes aegypti em 2016 no município de São Luís, estado de Maranhão, Brasil.   Desenvolvimento: Estudo ecológico de casos prováveis de Zika no município de São Luís, estado de Maranhão. Foi realizada análise descritiva de sexo e faixa etária e calculadas as taxas de incidência e ajustadas pelo estimador bayesiano empírico local. A análise descritiva foi realizada no software STATA® versão 14.0. Utilizou-se o software GeoDa versão 1.10 para calcular os Índices de Moran Global e Local. Resultados: Constatou-se maior concentração de casos de Zika no sexo feminino (67,77%) e a faixa etária na fase adulta de 20-34 anos (39,37%).  O Índice de Moran Local identificou na região central do município clusters para bairros e suas regiões vizinhas com alta incidência e clusters de baixa incidência no norte e sul do município. Verificou-se com o índice de Moran Local clusters de alta incidência em áreas com IIP≥1% nas regiões norte, nordeste e noroeste do município e ainda outliers de bairros com alta de incidência em áreas com IIP<1% no norte, nordeste noroeste e centro do município.
Reverse total shoulder replacement for patients with “weight-bearing” shoulders
Authors: Levy Ofer , Arealis Georgios , Tsvieli Oren , Consigliere Paolo , Lubovsky Omri
Published: April 2024

Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has gained popularity in recent years and is indicated for a wide variety of shoulder pathologies. However, use of rTSA in patients with “weight-bearing” shoulders that support wheelchair use or crutches has higher risk. The aim of this study was to assess the results of rTSA in such patients.Methods: Between 2005 and 2014, 24 patients (30 shoulders) with weight-bearing shoulders were treated with rTSA at our unit. Patients had cuff arthropathy (n=21), rheumatoid arthritis (n=3), osteoarthritis (n=1), acute fracture (n=3), or fracture sequela (n=2). Postoperatively, patients were advised not to push themselves up and out of their wheelchair for 6 weeks. This study was performed in 2016, and 21 patients (27 shoulders) were available for a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (range, 2–10 years). The mean age at surgery was 78 years (range, 54–90 years).Results: Constant-Murley score improved from 9.4 preoperatively to 59.8 at the final follow-up (P=0.001). Pain score improved from 2/15 to 13.8/15 (P=0.001). Patient satisfaction (Subjective Shoulder Value) improved from 0.6/10 to 8.7/10 (P=0.001). Significant improvement in mean range of motion from 46° to 130° of elevation, 14° to 35° of external rotation, and 29° to 78° internal rotation was recorded (P=0.001). Final mean Activities of Daily Living External and Internal Rotation was 32.4/36. Only three patients showed Sirveaux-Nerot grade-1 (10%) glenoid notching and three grade 2 (10%).Conclusions: rTSA can be used for treatment of patients with weight-bearing shoulders. Such patients reported pain free movement, resumed daily activities, and high satisfaction rates.Level of evidence: IV.
Basic to advanced elbow arthroscopy: the history, basic set up, and indications
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Jeon In-ho , Kwak Jae-Man
Published: April 2024

Elbow arthroscopy presents challenges; however, its indications and advantages over traditional open surgery are swiftly evolving. Despite being less widely performed than on other joints such as the knee, shoulder, ankle, and hip, arthroscopic management of the elbow has potential. The goals of this review are to describe and broaden the current applications of elbow arthroscopy. Additionally, we will provide insights and strategies to enhance the effectiveness of elbow arthroscopy.
Türkiye’de Yaşayan Hemşirelerin Göçmen Hastalara Bakım Verirken Yaşadıkları Sorunların İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: Kırgöz Özge , Yüksel Kaçan Cevriye , Özdemir Aysel
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yaşayan hemşirelerin göçmen hastalara bakım verirken yaşadıkları sorunlar hakkında 2016-2022 yıllarında yapılmış çalışmaların verilerinin sistematik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Konuyla ilgili 45 ulusal/uluslararası yayın taranmış, örneklemi hemşirelerden oluşmayan, 2016-2022 yılları arasında yapılmamış çalışmalar incelenmemiştir. Dahil edilme/dışlama kriterlerine göre 8 yayın incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de görev yapan ve göçmen hastalara bakım veren hemşirelerle ilgili çalışmalara “Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, Dergipark, Academia, Cohrane Library” veri tabalarından ulaşılmıştır. Yayınlar çalışma yöntemleri ve bulguları açısından incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmalar nicel, nitel ve örneklemi maksimum 339, minimum 10 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. “Dil ve iletişim engeli” kategorisindeki çalışmalarda, hemşirelerin dil ve iletişim engeli yaşadıkları hastaların iş yüklerini arttırdıklarını, tükenmişlik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu bildirilmiştir. “Kültürel farklılıklar” kategorisindeki çalışmalarda, hemşirelerin kültürel farklılıklardan dolayı tedavi ve bakımda iş birliği yapamadıkları ve hemşirelerin kültürel duyarlılık seviyelerinin göçmen hasta bakımına katkısı belirtilmiştir. “Bakım algısı ve beklentisinde farklılıklar” kategorisindeki çalışmalarda, hastaların kişisel bakım uygulamalarını istemedikleri, kendi ülkelerindekinden farklı uygulama gördüklerinde saldırganlaştıkları bildirilmiştir.
Sonuç: İncelenen çalışmaların sonucunda göçmen hastalara bakım verilirken en fazla “dil ve iletişim engeli” konusunda sorun yaşandığı, bu sebepten dolayı bakım sürecinde hastalar ve hemşireler arasında güvensizlik yaşandığı bildirilmiştir. Bu noktada; hemşirelerin dil eğitimine önem verilmesi, hastanelerde tıp literatürüne hakim tercümanların istihdam edilmesi önerilebilir. Hemşirelerin karşılaştığı diğer sorunlar olan “kültürel farklılıklar” ve “bakım algısı ve beklentisinde farklılıklar” hususunda hemşirelik eğitiminde kültürlerarası duyarlılık konularına önem verilmesi, göçmen hastaların yoğun olduğu hastanelerde kültürlerarası farklılıklar temalı eğitimler düzenlenmesi, hemşirelerin bakım sürecinde tükenmişlik yaşamalarının önlenmesinde ve hemşirelere öz güven kazandırılmasında faydalı olacaktır.
A new species of the spiny trapdoor spider genus Blakistonia (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from Kangaroo Island, South Australia
Authors:   Murdoch University, Marsh Jessica R , Harrison Sophie E ,   University of Adelaide,   South Australia Museum, Wilson Jeremy D , Rix Michael G ,   University of Western Australia,   Western Australian Museum
Published: April 2024

The first species of the Australian spiny trapdoor spider genus Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 to be recorded from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, is described from both males and females, bringing the number of described species of Blakistonia to 21. Blakistonia rooinsula sp. nov. has been recorded from coastal habitats and nearby locations, across a number of sites on Kangaroo Island.
Acuíferos en Chihuahua: estudios sobre sustentabilidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Mélida , Reyes Gómez Víctor Manuel , Alarcón Herrera María Teresa , Núñez López Daniel
Published: April 2024

El manejo no sustentable de acuíferos puede manifestarse como un déficit (recarga-extracciones), el cual se refleja en un descenso del nivel potenciométrico con respecto al tiempo, y también en el deterioro en la calidad del agua. Una manera convencional de resolver el problema de sobreexplotación ha sido la de importar agua de otros acuíferos al área de escasez, pero esta es una alternativa no sustentable que acarrea problemas a largo plazo sin solucionar la situación. Para obtener una perspectiva del estado de sustentabilidad de la región, se consultaron estudios realizados en ocho acuíferos que conforman la parte central del estado de Chihuahua. Los resultados se tabularon y analizaron con relación a sus propiedades, uso principal, y déficit con respecto al tiempo. Se concluye que el déficit se ha estado incrementando y se señala la urgencia de acciones que aseguren una futura disponibilidad del agua en toda esta zona, utilizando como estrategias: 1) un aumento de la recarga (por ejemplo inyección directa del exceso de agua pluvial al acuífero), y 2) reducción de extracciones (por ejemplo, por medio de incentivos para ahorrar agua en zonas urbana y agrícola).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v10i2.194
Dinámica nutrimental en hoja y fruto de arándano tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade)
Authors: Castillo González Ana María , Avitia García Edilberto , Valdez Aguilar Luis Alonso , Pineda Pineda Joel , Aguilar Sánchez Sandra
Published: April 2024

El arándano azul tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) se ha convertido en una excelente alternativa para diversificar la actividad frutícola en México, desafortunadamente, su reciente introducción está acompañada de escasa información en su manejo agronómico, destacando el desconocimiento de las demandas nutrimentales del cultivo. Con el objetivo de conocer la dinámica nutrimental en las hojas y frutos durante las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del mismo, e identificar las etapas críticas de los diferentes nutrimentos, en una plantación de arándano tipo Ojo de Conejo en Zacatlán, Puebla, se recolectaron muestras de hojas y frutos en cinco etapas de desarrollo del fruto: fruto verde, cambio de color de verde a rosa (V-Rs), inicio de maduración (fruto rosa-rojo, Rs-Rj), durante la maduración (fruto rojo-azul, Rj-A) y fruto maduro (azul). Se determinó la concentración de macro y micronutrimentos. En las hojas, la concentración de todos los elementos mostró dos picos, uno en la etapa de fruto verde y el otro cuando el fruto alcanzó su madurez (fruto azul). El orden de concentración en las hojas fue: N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>B>Zn. La concentración de todos los elementos en los frutos presentó un descenso con el avance de la maduración. El orden de concentración nutrimental en los frutos fue: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>Zn>B>Mn>Fe. Estos resultados indican que las etapas de mayor demanda nutrimental son las dos primeras (fruto verde y V-Rs). Por lo que los elementos se deben suministrar en la floración, previo al desarrollo del fruto para garantizar una producción y calidad del fruto satisfactorias.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v10i2.537
Germinación y evaluación de Sporobolus airoides para la fitorremediación de aguas residuales con altas concentraciones de NaCl
Authors: Guzmán Muñoz Karina Ivette , Flores Tavizón Edith , Cuevas Rodríguez Germán
Published: April 2024

Las aguas residuales de la industria de tenería, láctea y farmacológica (heparina sódica) contienen altas concentra- ciones de NaCl, por lo que resulta costoso su tratamiento mediante las técnicas convencionales. Es por ello que en esta investigación se propone una alternativa para la remoción de sales mediante el proceso de fitorremediación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la germinación y el comportamiento de la especie vegetal Sporobolus airoides (SAI) como fitorremediadora para la remoción de NaCl mediante experimentos a nivel laboratorio. En la etapa I del experimento se determinó el método de germinación más eficiente, utilizando solución nutritiva Hoagland (SNH) y cuatro métodos de germinación. En la etapa II, las plantas fueron trasplantadas en tres medios de soporte (perlita agrícola, espuma oasis y pellets) con las soluciones problema de NaCl a diferentes concentraciones (0.034, 0.342, 0.686 y 1.028 M) y el blanco. En esta etapa, los parámetros evaluados al inicio y a los 15 días de contacto fueron: porcentaje de germinación, número de hojas, elongación radicular, potencial hídrico y conductividad eléctrica (CE) en las soluciones problema. En cada experimento y en cada réplica se utilizaron 10 plantas de la especie SAI. El resultado más eficiente fue el método de germinación 4 (ver en apartado de metodología). El porcentaje de remoción que se logró disminuir en las soluciones problema fue el 20 % de NaCl. La especie Sporobolus airoides fue capaz de sobrevivir en ambientes salinos de 1.028 M de NaCl durante 15 días, lo cual la hace una especie potente para la fitorremediación de efluentes contaminados con altas concentraciones de este compuesto.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v10i2.576
Múltiples formas de aprovechar los beneficios de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
Authors: Estrada Hernández Olivia , Hernández Rodríguez Ofelia Adriana , Guerrero Prieto Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2024

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), valorada por sus propiedades nutritivas y medicinales, es una planta cultivada en varias regiones tropicales del mundo. Cada parte de la planta es utilizada para diversos usos: sus hojas poseen proteínas, vitaminas y minerales, por lo que son consumidas por el ser humano como un complemento alimenticio, por el ganado vacuno para aumentar la producción de leche, por el ganado ovino para mejorar su rendimiento, y por peces, conejos y gallinas como complemento alimenticio, además de ser utilizada en enfermedades oculares en medicina alternativa. Las flores son usadas para aumentar la producción de esperma en los hombres. La cáscara de la semilla es utilizada para eliminar la turbidez del agua y como fertilizante orgánico. Las semillas contienen hasta un 40 % de aceite en su almendra, sobresaliendo el ácido oleico, aceite que puede ser utilizado para consumo humano y para la producción de biodiesel. Además, la goma del tallo puede ser utilizada como un excipiente farmacéutico. Por todo lo antes mencionado, se tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los múltiples usos y beneficios de moringa para su aprovechamiento.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v10i2.577
Firm Innovation in Developing Countries. Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Krakah Anthony Kofi
Published: April 2024

The literature on the drivers of innovation is tainted with overgeneralization due to the paucity of firm-level data in developing countries, while agglomeration has about the most effective externality, localization or urbanization. Besides, knowledge about the agglomeration mechanisms and firm-level processes underlying these differences is limited. Hence, the thesis explores microdata of 5,400 manufacturing firms and population of 638,000 firms to examine the role of the market, location, and capabilities. We postulate that sales by domestic firms to Multinational Companies as an indirect internationalization mode facilitate process innovation significantly but not product innovation. Export as a direct internationalization mode has a null effect. Also, urbanization externalities significantly drive innovation for collocated firms within 25 to 60 kilometers, but localization has adverse effects, although the firms are not equally affected. We argued that openness, market, and absorptive capabilities will leverage the externalities by moderating their effectiveness on innovation. Astonishingly, the data does not support the hypotheses, with size, resource, and institutional constraints likely to culminate in mistrust and unattractiveness of firms as knowledge partners. Examining the barriers to the moderating prowess of capabilities can provide in-depth insight.
The Art of Navigation: Pure Pursuit Controller Strategies for Four-Wheeled Mobile Robots
Authors:   College of Computer Science and Information Technology; University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq, Mohammed Mohammed ,   Computer Science Department, Al-Maarif University Collage, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq,   College of Computer Science and Information Technology; University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq,   Computer Science Department, Al-Maarif University Collage, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq, .. Mahmood Abdulrazzaq , .. Ruqayah R. Al , Aliesawi Salah A.
Published: April 2024

The Pure Pursuit Algorithm (PPA) is used in this paper to explain how a car with four wheels moves. The MATLAB environment has extensive simulation capabilities that can accurately represent complex robotic behaviors. It was these that were deployed for an extended analysis of the robot’s operational dynamics. In the MATLABSimulink framework, waypoints obtained from different algorithms define robot trajectory. An odometer sensor helped to localize the robot thus giving accurate real-time information on its position. After critically evaluating several performance indices, it became clear just how well this control algorithm worked because it smoothly moved the robot from its initial state to its target with almost no oscillations at all. The findings of the simulation confirmed that if an appropriate lookahead distance is selected then the robot can effectively track waypoints and maintain optimal path along a trajectory up until reaching the target point at last
Financial Statistics Analysis of Microsoft, Apple, Pfizer and Merck
Authors: Chen Moyao
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on global industries. The pandemic's impact on financial performance varied widely across sectors. This report aims to provide a preliminary understanding of the impact of the pandemic on companies in different industries and with different business models. This report selects four other companies, Microsoft, Apple, Pfizer, and Merck, from two different sectors, pharmaceuticals and technology. By comparing companies from these diverse industries, the report gains insights into the different business models reflected in their financial data. The financial statistics examined include annual stock returns, EBIT margin, and EPS. This analysis of technology and pharmaceutical companies' financial data highlights differences in performance and trends. The findings emphasize the significance of operating margin and EPS as key indicators of financial performance across industries. The differing financial performances of these four companies before and after the pandemic are primarily influenced by the characteristics of their respective industries, the nature of their business operations, and their financial strategies.
Research on the Impact of Digital Technology Application on Households Calculation Based on Household Digital Penetration Index
Authors: Pei Yiming
Published: April 2024

With the widespread popularization of digital technology and its continuous penetration into family life, the impact of digital technology on the national economy and residents' lives has gradually emerged. Based on the CFPS database, this article uses the A-F model to measure the household digital penetration index, explores the popularity and application of digital technology in households, and uses an empirical model to analyze the impact of the household digital penetration index on household income, consumption and income gaps. Research results show that digital technology has increasingly penetrated households from 2010 to 2020. The household digital penetration index can effectively increase household income and stimulate consumption, but it also widens the household income gap to a certain extent. At the same time, the impact of household digital penetration index on residential households shows obvious spatial heterogeneity.
The Challenge of the US Dollar Standard System and the New Changes of the Global Monetary System
Authors: Duan Zhaoxi
Published: April 2024

In the past century, the international monetary system has undergone obvious changes, from the domination of the British pound to the domination of the US dollar, and then to the emergence and strengthening of "de-dollarization", which is also in line with the trend of The Times of economic multi-polarization, and the multi-polarization of the monetary system has become the trend of history. However, whether in foreign exchange reserves, international trade pricing and settlement, or due to the strong comprehensive national strength of the United States, it can be said that the US dollar will remain stable for a long time, and the international monetary system will remain relatively stable. How to maintain the stability and development of the national economy in emerging economies under the transformation of the old and new monetary systems, and how to develop the international monetary system will be an important proposition of the times.
Analysis of the Influence of Investor Sentiment on IPO Underpricing under Full Registration System: Empirical Analysis Based on PSM-DID
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Zhang Quer , Guo Yanting
Published: April 2024

In February 2023, China promulgated the full implementation of the registration system in the entire stock market, replacing the original verification system. Taking the main board and GEM companies listed from January 2019 to January 2023 as research samples, this paper uses PSM-DID Model to investigate the impact of the registration system on the IPO underpricing rate. Meanwhile, OLS model is used to analyze the impact of investor sentiment and the interaction of the registration system on the IPO underpricing rate. The implementation of the registration system significantly improves the IPO underpricing rate on the basis of 1%. Parallel trend test and placebo test further verify the robustness of the conclusion. the interaction between investors' speculation and the registration system also improves the IPO underpricing rate.
Impact of Green Tax Policies on ESG Investments
Authors: Guan Haishan
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the intrinsic relationship between green tax policies and ESG investment, exposing the inherent motivation of such investment and the influence exerted by green tax policies. Based on a unique dataset, an empirical analysis is developed to establish the evidence for the aforementioned relation. The novelty of this paper lies in outlining the impacts of green tax policies on sustainable investment behaviors through empirical data, filling the gap in existing literature which quantifies these policy effects on sustainable investment practices.By exploring the relationship between green tax policies and ESG investment, built a theoretical framework to further understand how these policies influence ESG investment. In this context, conducted an empirical analysis on a unique dataset, aiming to further clarify how green tax policies affect ESG investment. This empirical depth study allowed us to analyze and interpret the empirical results, understanding the implications of green tax policies on ESG investment decisions.The study indicates that green tax policies have a significant impact on ESG investment, thus enhancing investors' tendency to exercise sustainable investment behaviors. It is suggested to strategically apply green tax policies while supporting sustainable development. The empirical research provides policymakers with a solid basis for using green tax policies to promote ESG investment, thereby strengthening the overall layout of sustainable investment.Overall, by conducting a comprehensive study on the impact of green tax policies on ESG investment, enriching the academic research on green tax policies and ESG investment, while also providing useful suggestions for policymakers and investors.
Risk Management and Responses of Banks under COVID-19 and Fed Rate Hike
Authors: Zhang Yutong
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to study how banks carry out risk management and how to avoid systemic risks in the banking industry under the interest rate hike policy in the post-epidemic era. This paper divides bank risks into four main aspects to analyze the impact of sharp interest rate hikes on bank risk management in combination with the acquisition of Credit Suisse and the bankruptcy of Silicon Valley Bank. They are credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk (specifically interest rate risk), and systemic risk. After research, this paper finds that during the COVID-19 period, including interest rate hikes, governments have introduced corresponding policies for risk management. Moreover, when the market risk puts too much pressure on the bank, it will lead to credit risk and then liquidity risk, which may eventually trigger systemic risk under the joint effect. Given the current high inflation situation, the high level of interest rates will remain for a long time. Therefore, banks should do as much as possible to manage risks and reduce the possibility of triggering systemic risks.
The Impact of Different Types of Government Public Service on Economic Development
Authors: Liu Shikang
Published: April 2024

This paper summarizes the interaction between government and economy and deeply discusses the relationship between government public service and economic development at the quantitative level. In the current economic environment, how to classify public services effectively and put this classification into the process of government policymaking is further discussed. Based on the existing literature, this paper divides the types of public service into three categories: Developmental Public Service, Development-oriented Public Service, and Society-developing Public Service. Based on the discussion of government expenditure and economic development in the existing literature, this paper further extends the significant effect of different types of public services on economic development. In addition, on the basis of data analysis, this paper also explores the regulating role of social variables between government and economic development. All in all, this paper explores the different categories of public services and economic development and finds that the social environment plays an indispensable role in the process of government policymaking.
A Study of the Relationship Between ESG Performance and Firm Valuation
Authors: Li Mingyang
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on company valuation, providing in-depth analysis from multiple perspectives, including investor expectations, risk management, long-term strategy and brand building, and cost-effectiveness. With the increasing importance of ESG factors in investment decisions, there is a growing demand for sustainable and responsible investments, and strong ESG performance has been shown to have a positive impact on valuation. Additionally, this study analyzes ESG risks and their potential effects on valuation, highlighting effective risk management strategies and explores how environmental sustainability can reduce regulatory risks. Furthermore, the study delves into the relationship between ESG factors and long-term strategy, brand reputation, and cost-effectiveness, supported by empirical research and case studies. Finally, the study summarizes insights for companies and provides recommendations for strategically integrating ESG practices while also discussing future research directions in the field of ESG and valuation. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable guidance for companies in formulating strategies in ESG practices, promoting sustainable value creation.
A Global Phenomenon and Chinas Emerging Role
Authors: Wu Ruohan
Published: April 2024

This article offers a comprehensive examination of the present and future states of impact investing in China, an emerging domain where financial capital is strategically utilized to address societal and environmental challenges. The study commences with a historical review, outlining the global rise of impact investing and its transition within the Chinese economic framework. It meticulously differentiates between impact investing, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, and venture philanthropy, thereby elucidating their distinct roles and objectives. The paper then delves into the unique characteristics of the Chinese context, focusing on the early stages of the impact investing market, the cultural and legal challenges encountered, and the distinctive roles of family offices and high-net-worth individuals. It emphasizes the increasingly significant role of family offices in the Chinese impact investing arena. Additionally, the article critically assesses the current frameworks and methodologies for evaluating impact investments, discussing their limitations and the complexities involved in quantifying social and environmental impacts. Through policy recommendations, the study advocates for the strengthening of regulatory frameworks, the enhancement of standardization, and the promotion of educational initiatives to cultivate a more robust impact investing ecosystem in China. The paper concludes by recognizing the untapped potential of impact investing in China, suggesting that advancements in legal frameworks, market transparency, and public awareness could significantly propel the sector forward. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of impact investing in China, offering insights and guidelines for policymakers, investors, and scholars interested in the intersection of finance and social good.
Stability analysis of long-span bridge under static wind load
Authors: Li Jiaxi
Published: April 2024

With the maturity of various technologies and the vigorous development of advanced materials, the design and construction of suspension bridges require larger spans and lighter structures, but at the same time, the problems arising from the dynamic and static responses of the system under wind loads have become more and more prominent. The phenomenon of wind-induced static response occurring before the emotional response has been found in wind tunnel tests at home and abroad. Static instability is also a vital issue in the wind-resistant design of large-span suspension bridges, so studying the static behavior and instability law of large-span suspension bridges under strong winds is of high practical value for the construction of large-span bridges in the future. In this paper, relevant research results of previous researchers based on static wind stability of suspension bridges are sorted out and summarized. Their corresponding fundamental theories are introduced in detail. In addition, the related analysis program is prepared by using the APDL language of ANSYS.
Dynamic resource allocation for virtual machine migration optimization using machine learning
Authors: Gong Yulu , Huang Jiaxin , Liu Bo , Xu Jingyu , Wu Binbin , Zhang Yifan
Published: April 2024

This article delves into the importance of applying machine learning and deep reinforcement learning techniques in cloud resource management and virtual machine migration optimization, highlighting the role of these advanced technologies in dealing with the dynamic changes and complexities of cloud computing environments. Through environment modeling, policy learning, and adaptive enhancement, machine learning methods, especially deep reinforcement learning, provide effective solutions for dynamic resource allocation and virtual intelligence migration. These technologies can help cloud service providers improve resource utilization, reduce energy consumption, and improve service reliability and performance. Effective strategies include simplifying state space and action space, reward shaping, model lightweight and acceleration, and accelerating the learning process through transfer learning and meta-learning techniques. With the continuous progress of machine learning and deep reinforcement learning technologies, combined with the rapid development of cloud computing technology, it is expected that the application of these technologies in cloud resource management and virtual machine migration optimization will be more extensive and in-depth. Researchers will continue to explore more efficient algorithms and models to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision making. In addition, with the integration of edge computing, Internet of Things and other technologies, cloud computing resource management will face more new challenges and opportunities, and the application scope and depth of machine learning and deep reinforcement learning technology will also expand, opening new possibilities for building a more intelligent, efficient and reliable cloud computing service system.
Evaluation of marandu palisadegrass regrowth intervals in silvopastoral and monoculture systems
Authors: Lages Regina Pereira , Santos Antônio Clementino dos , Araújo Raphael Pavesi , Oliveira Juliana Silva de , Souza Mirelle Magalhães , Alencar Nayara Martins
Published: April 2024

Silvopastoral systems (SPS) offer a sustainable alternative for animal production in tropical ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of deferment days on herbage accumulation, plant-part composition, and canopy structural characteristics of Marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha Hochst. ex A. Rich.) in SPS with Eucalyptus urophylla and monoculture (MC). The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, with each system individually allocated at the center of each plot in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, consisting of three systems: monoculture, and silvopastoral systems with tree row spacings of 12 m and 18 m, and tree intra-row spacing of 2 m, across four regrowth periods (60, 90, 120, and 150 days), each with three replications. Increasing deferment days reduced the proportion of green components in the forage, affecting tiller population density (TPD), leaf dry mass (LDM), and leaf/stem ratio. Maximum LDM production occurred at approximately 88 days with 0.63 Mg ha-1, while peak green dry mass (GDM) was at 94 days, reaching 1.11 Mg ha-1. Both dead material dry mass (DMDM) and total dry mass (TDM) increased linearly with regrowth periods, although TDM comprised about 47% dead forage. A regrowth period of 94 days from March is feasible for Marandu palisadegrass in SPS with 12 m and 18 m between tree rows, demonstrating that this spacing does not hinder forage production.
Declining Inflation-Adjusted Medicare Physician Fees: An Unsustainable Trend in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Kim Andrew G. , Rizk Adam A. , Ina Jason G. , Magister Steven J. , Salata Michael J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Although hip arthroscopy continues to be one of the most used arthroscopic procedures, no focused, comprehensive evaluation of reimbursement trends has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal Medicare reimbursement trends for hip arthroscopy procedures.

Methods:

From 2011 to 2021, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool was queried for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes related to hip arthroscopy (29860 to 29863, 29914 to 29916). All monetary data were adjusted to 2021 US dollars. The compound annual growth rate and total percentage change were calculated. Mann-Kendall trend tests were used to evaluate the reimbursement trends.

Results:

Based on the unadjusted values, a significant increase in physician fee was observed from 2011 to 2021 for CPT codes 29861 (removal of loose or foreign bodies; % change: 3.49, P = 0.03) and 29862 (chondroplasty, abrasion arthroplasty, labral resection; % change: 3.19, P = 0.03). The remaining CPT codes experienced no notable changes in reimbursement based on the unadjusted values. After adjusting for inflation, all seven of the hip arthroscopy CPT codes were observed to experience a notable decline in Medicare reimbursement. Hip arthroscopy with acetabuloplasty (CPT: 29915) and labral repair (CPT: 29916) exhibited the greatest reduction in reimbursement with a decrease in physician fee of 24.69% (P < 0.001) and 24.64% (P < 0.001), respectively, over the study period.

Discussion:

Medicare reimbursement for all seven of the commonly used hip arthroscopy services did not keep up with inflation, demonstrating marked reductions from 2011 to 2021. Specifically, the inflation-adjusted reimbursements decreased between 19.23% and 24.69% between 2011 and 2021.
Women's Representation as Principal Investigators Among Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinical Trials: An Analysis of ClinicalTrials.Gov
Authors: Karimi Amir H. , Burkhart Robert J. , Lavu Monish , Shah Aakash K. , Mistovich R. Justin
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Despite recent efforts to increase the participation of women in orthopaedic surgery, there remains a gender gap, particularly when compared with other medical specialties. Acting as a principal investigator (PI) in a clinical trial can give physicians notable exposure and national recognition, which can improve their chances of promotion and tenure. This study aims to assess the proportion of women serving as PIs in pediatric orthopaedic clinical trials, examine associated trial characteristics, and explore geographic distribution.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials was conducted using data from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Specific search terms were used to identify pediatric orthopaedic trials. Data on trial characteristics, including phase, status, funding source, and intervention type, were collected. PI sex was determined using Genderize.io, an application program interface that predicts the sex of individuals based on their name, and the geographic distribution of women PIs was examined.

Results:

From 2007 to 2022, women PIs increased from zero to 26.86%. The United States saw no significant increase (β = 1.553; P = 0.125), but international trials did (β = 2.845; P = 0.008). Women PIs led more active/completed trials and trials with behavioral/other interventions. Geographic analysis showed higher representation in North America (38.47%), especially the Northeast (28.17%) and West (25.35%). The United States had 28.74% women PIs, with California (15.49%) leading.

Conclusion:

Progress toward gender parity in pediatric orthopaedic research is evident; however, disparities still exist. Efforts to provide additional research opportunities for women in orthopaedics may be crucial in attracting and retaining diverse talent in the field. Targeted initiatives may have potential in achieving equal representation in orthopaedics.
European Union Resolution and The Profitability: The Role of Size, Difference-In-Differences Analysis
Authors: Kaban Adrianus Herianto , Lindrianasari Lindrianasari , Ariefianto Moch. Doddy
Published: April 2024

In this study, we examined the impact of the EU Resolution policy on the profitability of palm oil companies in Indonesia and Malaysia (The two biggest palm oil producers). We develop and estimate difference-in-differences regression model using annual data from 61 listed companies from the year 2014 to the year 2022 with a total of 549 observations. We found that the size of companies in the palm oil industry is a key factor in maintaining profitability in the event of EU Resolution implementation. Not only have larger companies managed to avoid losses from EU resolution; but they even can improve their profitability. The result is robust after a set of tests involving alternative proxies and propensity score matching. We offered a plausible explanation related to the role of size and opened future avenues for further investigation.
Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis.
Case report in adult.
Authors: Mostarchid Ahmed , Mostarchid Mamoune , Jidane Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Background: The temporal lobe agenesis syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality. Bilateral temporal lobe agenesis along with middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts is extremely rare, and only very few cases have been reported in the literature.
Case report: We present the case of 21-year-old child with bilateral arachnoid cysts and temporal lobe agenesis whose mental examination and neurologic assessment is normal. The Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed bilateral temporal lobe agenesis with bilateral arachnoid cysts. Brain MRI sequence showing bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoidal cysts, following CSF signal intensity on MRI. Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis. The patient was managed conservatively.
Conclusion: Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis in adult is very rare. The diagnosis is made by brain MRI. Prophylactic surgery in asymptomatic cases is not advisable. These patients must be followed by the practician. The patient and his family must be sensualized and informed of some precautions, especially brain head trauma.
Diagnostic significance of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan assay in invasive aspergillosis: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Choudhuri Nairita , Chaudhuri Bhaskar , Guchhait Partha , Das Anupam , Das Satadal
Published: April 2024

Background:
In critically ill and immunocompromised patients, diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA) is crucial. This study focuses on theGalactomannan (GM) Antigen Test. The study categorizes GM-positive patients into two groups based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GM levels: Group 1 (GM index >1.5) and Group 2 (GM index >0.5-1.5).
Aim:
This study aims to investigate the association between GM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and clinical outcomes in IA patients, specifically focusing on mortality rates. Additionally, the study explores the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as key risk factors for IA.
Methods:
Patients with GM-positive results were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 based on GM index levels. The study assessed age, sex distribution, and mortality rates in these groups.
Results:
While there were no significant differences in age and sex distribution between Group 1 and Group 2, a higher mortality rate was observed in Group 1, aligning with established clinical expectations. The study highlights the importance of categorizing GM interpretations based on these two groups. CRP levels, along with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD, emerged as key risk factors for IA.
Conclusion:
This research emphasizes the significance of GM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a prognostic indicator for IA, especially when categorized into GM index groups. The study contributes valuable insights into mortality rates and identifies CRP levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and CKD as crucial risk factors. These findings enhance our understanding of IA diagnostics and risk stratification.