bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fermented Cerasus humilis fruits protect against high‐fat diet induced hyperlipidemia which is associated with alteration of gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Yu , Han Chao , Cheng Jinghe , Wang Zhanjun , Liu Lulu , Huang Houyu , Liang Qiuxia , Liu Ruiying , Ran Beibei , Li Weidong
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Hyperlipidemia is regarded as a public health matter, and its effective prevention and treatment are urgently required. However, the treatment of hyperlipidemia is still relatively scarce.

RESULTS

Fermented Cerasus humilis fruit (FCHF) had higher total flavonoid, total phenolic, procyanidin, and organic and free amino acid content, and lower total sugar content, than non‐fermented C. humilis fruit (NFCHF). Both FCHF and NFCHF treatment significantly prevent putting on weight. Furthermore, FCHF administration ameliorated hyperlipidemia and cholesterol over‐accumulation. In addition, FCHF administration activated the antioxidase system and decreased the malondialdehyde content to relieve oxidative stress, and showed more efficaciously than NFCHF administration. FCHF treatments significantly reverse the fat deposition in high‐fat diet rat liver. FCHF supplementation can relieve the dysbacteriosis induced by hyperlipidemia, and regulate the composition of rat gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Prevotella and norank_f_Muribaculaceae.

CONCLUSION

Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation enhanced the antihyperlipidemic property of C. humilis fruits by promoting gut microbiota regulation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Goat milk powder supplemented with branched‐chain fatty acid: influence on quality and microstructure
Authors: Fan Xiaoxue , Yuan Xinlu , Huang Mengyao , Wang Cunfang , Jiang Hua , Zhang Xiaoning , Sun Hongyan
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) is effective in preventing and helping to treat neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. It is essential to supplement goat‐milk powder for formula‐fed preterm infants with BCFA. In this study, the quality and microstructures of milk powders supplemented with different concentrations of BCFA were evaluated, using goat milk powder without BCFA as the control group (CG).

RESULTS

In comparison with the CG, goat milk powder supplemented with BCFA exhibited smaller fat globules and a significant drop in overall particle size. During 16 weeks of storage, BCFA‐supplemented groups showed suitable moisture content and viscosity and good solubility. The BCFA also helped reduce the number of folds on the surface of the milk powder particles.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study indicate that goat milk powders with BCFA exhibit differences in quality and microstructure in comparison with ordinary goat milk powder, which is relevant for the future development and application of BCFA in foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multi‐criteria decision analysis integrated with GIS to determine land suitability for cultivation and best harvest time of vine
Authors: Amin Hosein , Mokarram Marzieh , Zarei Abdol Rassoul
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

In this study, the quality of land suitability for vine cultivation in south‐western Iran was evaluated and a land suitability map for vine cultivation was developed using the fuzzy‐analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The best harvest time of vines was determined based on the relationship between total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) with fruit colour (red, green, and blue or RGB) in ten points and also the growing degree‐days (GDD) maps from April to December. The relationship between GDD and effective parameters in vine cultivation was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation methods.

RESULTS

The results illustrated that the maximum temperature and relative humidity (RH) have the greatest effect on vine cultivation and its yield (weight 0.24). The results of the land suitability map showed that central regions have better conditions for growing vines (32%). The measurements of TA and TSS depicted that vines of the northern parts have higher TA and lower TSS and there is a significant relationship between them and fruit colour. The results of GDD maps showed that the harvest time of ruby vine and Gezel‐azm is July and August, respectively. Also, the temperature (Tmean, Tmax and Tmin), wind speed, and GDD were the most important parameters to determine the best location for vine cultivation.

CONCLUSION

Determining land suitability for cultivation, the best harvest time, the time of grape ripening, and following the exact time of export and import of vine has a vital role to increase its productivity and services. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broccoli seed extract rich in polysaccharides and glucoraphanin ameliorates DSS‐induced colitis via intestinal barrier protection and gut microbiota modulation in mice
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Guo Weiling , Cui Shumao , Tang Xin , Zhang Qiuxiang , Lu Wenwei , Jin Yan , Zhao Jianxin , Mao Bingyong , Chen Wei
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Broccoli has received widespread attention because of its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to explore the composition of broccoli seed extract (BSE) and its effect on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

RESULTS

BSE mainly comprises glucoraphanin and polysaccharides composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose. Animal experiments suggested that BSE intervention effectively reversed body weight loss, suppressed the levels of proinflammatory interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β, and elevated the levels of anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in DSS‐induced colitis mice. According to histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of colon tissue, BSE intervention may repair the intestinal barrier by upregulating mRNA levels and the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin‐1, occludin and zonula occludens‐1). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis demonstrated that cecal short‐chain fatty acids in mice with BSE administration were significantly increased compared with the model group. Sulforaphane and sulforaphane‐N‐acetylcysteine were only detected in BSE group mice by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐MS analysis. In addition, BSE intervention evidently increased the abundance of Alistipeds, Coriobacteriaceae UCG‐002 and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Escheichia‐Shinella, Lachnospiraceae others, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae others and Turicibacter, which possibly promoted carbohydrate metabolism and short‐chain fatty acid production.

CONCLUSION

The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of BSE on colitis and found that BSE, as a novel food ingredient, has great potential for the improvement of colitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identifying European and Chinese styles of creating tourist destinations with intangible cultural heritage: A comparative perspective
Authors: Qiu Qihang , Liang Xiaomei , Zuo Yifan
Published: December 2022

To identify the process of tourism place making by using intangible cultural heritage (ICH) as the resource, this study conducts a qualitative meta‐analysis based on 23 European and 16 Chinese cases. The results conclude and replenish the main considerations in creating tourist destinations with ICH, including planner, ICH type, specific place making scope, purpose, design focus, types of placemaking, and sense of place. Findings reveal differentiated patterns and similar methods in the decision‐making process in the two regions. This article provides a new perspective on taking ICH as place making tool and sheds light on ICH resource development.
CircNFIX stimulates the proliferation, invasion, and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells by enhancing SH3RF3 mRNA stability via binding LIN28B
Authors: Yu Xiu‐Zhang , Yang Bo‐Wen , Ao Meng‐Yin , Wu Yu‐Ke , Ye Hui , Wang Rui‐Yu , Xi Ming‐Rong , Hou Min‐Min
Published: December 2022

We aimed to study the regulatory roles and mechanism of circular nuclear factor IX (circNFIX) in cancer growth and stemness properties of ovarian cancer (OC). CircNFIX and SH3RF3 levels in OC tissues and cells were tested by quantitative real‐time PCR. RNase R treatment quantified circNFIX RNA stability. Molecular interaction among circNFIX, LIN28B, and SH3RF3 was predicted by bioinformatics software and validated through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The gain‐ or loss‐experiments of circNFIX on capabilities of metastasis and stemness in vitro were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell, western blot, and sphere‐formation assays. CircNFIX and SH3RF3 were markedly elevated in OC tissues and OC cells. Knocking down circNFIX repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness properties of A2780 and SKOV3 cells. The RIP assay verified the direct binding relationship between LIN28B, circNFIX, and SH3RF3. Additionally, overexpression of circNFIX elevated the SH3RF3 expression, while this effect was reversed by LIN28B silence. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of SH3RF3 reversed the knockdown of circNFIX on OC cells' proliferation, metastasis, and stemness properties. CircNFIX improved the mRNA stability and translation of SH3RF3 via recruiting LIN28B, thus promoting the proliferation, invasion, and stemness properties of OC cells in vitro.
Knowledge‐based dynamic capability: Concept mapping, usage, and taxonomy
Authors: Bindra Sunali , Sharma Deepika , Bhardwaj Rohit , Dhir Sanjay , Srivastava Saurabh
Published: December 2022

Knowledge‐based dynamic capability (KBDC) is a firm's ability to acquire, create, and combine knowledge to identify and exploit opportunities while addressing the dynamics of environmental changes. Based on a systematic review and analysis of the extant literature related to KBDC from 1959–2020, we aim to trace significant theories, contexts, characteristics, and methodologies (TCCM) and their inter‐relationships to present a holistic view of the KBDCs research. In particular, the study attempts to address the issues inherent in organizing, designing, and executing KBDCs towards the attainment of the firm's strategic and organizational objectives. The study uses a structured methodological approach for conducting a systematic literature review to determine the existing contributions and by proposing the frameworks for future research. By conducting TCCM and bibliometric analysis of the existing KBDCs literature, the study provides comprehensive networks, significant countries, eminent authors, prominent theories, context, characteristics, and methodologies in this field. The analysis, therefore, addresses the managerial concerns over the entire spectrum of knowledge‐based entities and bridges the gaps, such as application bias in large organizations, developed nations, and single‐level analysis by exploring potential relationships regarding KBDC. Overall, the study provides the logical concept mapping, usage, and taxonomy contributing towards the strengthening of KBDC. In addition, the study also presents areas in which research has made the most progress as well as those in which gaps and unsolved tensions persist. The epistemological exploration traces the significant contributions for determining the future research scope.
In reference to Intranasal Corticosteroid Treatment on Recovery of Long‐Term Olfactory Dysfunction Due to COVID‐19
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , De Riu Giacomo , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Hopkins Claire , Lechien Jerome R.
Published: December 2022

This is a commentary on the article by Hosseinpoor et al. Laryngoscope, 133:E29–E30, 2023
Joint Vestibular Schwannoma Enlargement Prediction and Segmentation Using a Deep Multi‐task Model
Authors: Wang Kai , George‐Jones Nicholas A. , Chen Liyuan , Hunter Jacob B. , Wang Jing
Published: December 2022

Objective

To develop a deep‐learning‐based multi‐task (DMT) model for joint tumor enlargement prediction (TEP) and automatic tumor segmentation (TS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients using their initial diagnostic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (ceT1) magnetic resonance images (MRIs).

Methods

Initial ceT1 MRIs for VS patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria of this study were retrospectively collected. VSs on the initial MRIs and their first follow‐up scans were manually contoured. Tumor volume and enlargement ratio were measured based on expert contours. A DMT model was constructed for jointly TS and TEP. The manually segmented VS volume on the initial scan and the tumor enlargement label (≥20% volumetric growth) were used as the ground truth for training and evaluating the TS and TEP modules, respectively.

Results

We performed 5‐fold cross‐validation with the eligible patients (n = 103). Median segmentation dice coefficient, prediction sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were measured and achieved the following values: 84.20%, 0.68, 0.78, 0.72, and 0.77, respectively. The segmentation result is significantly better than the separate TS network (dice coefficient of 83.13%, p = 0.03) and marginally lower than the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation model nnU‐Net (dice coefficient of 86.45%, p = 0.16). The TEP performance is significantly better than the single‐task prediction model (AUC = 0.60, p = 0.01) and marginally better than a radiomics‐based prediction model (AUC = 0.70, p = 0.17).

Conclusion

The proposed DMT model is of higher learning efficiency and achieves promising performance on TEP and TS. The proposed technology has the potential to improve VS patient management.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2754–2760, 2023
Biosourced Monomers: Toward Sustainable Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics
Authors: Boivin Louis‐Philippe , Dupont William , Gendron David , Leclerc Mario
Published: December 2022

Organic electronic materials are starting to appear in various applications, but there are still hurdles to overcome before the average consumer can get them in their hands. Right now, most polymers in the field of organic electronics are made from petroleum derivatives. However, new sources of platform chemicals and monomers are being explored. This perspective article highlights ways that have been explored to avoid the use of petrochemicals and demonstrates new pathways that can be taken to increase the sustainability of conjugated polymers in organic electronics.
Properties of the support of solutions of a class of nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Bustamante Eddye , Jiménez Urrea José
Published: December 2022

In this work we consider equations of the form
where P is any polynomial without constant term, and G is any polynomial without constant or linear terms. We prove that if u is a sufficiently smooth solution of the equation, such that for some , then there exists such that for every . Then, as an example of the application of this result, we employ it to show a unique continuation principle for the Kawahara equation,
and for the generalized KdV hierarchy
Clinical proteomics towards multiomics in cancer
Authors: Creighton Chad J.
Published: December 2022

Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics technologies have accelerated its application to study greater and greater numbers of human tumor specimens. Over the last several years, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, the International Cancer Proteogenome Consortium, and others have generated MS‐based proteomic profiling data combined with corresponding multiomics data on thousands of human tumors to date. Proteomic data sets in the public domain can be re‐examined by other researchers with different questions in mind from what the original studies explored. In this review, we examine the increasing role of proteomics in studying cancer, along with the potential for previous studies and their associated data sets to contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the clinical setting. We also explore publicly available proteomics and multi‐omics data from cancer cell line models to show how such data may aid in identifying therapeutic strategies for cancer subsets.
Labor allocation: How environmental regulation promotes industrial structure
Authors: Lin Chun , Cui Gengrui , Sun Yingjie
Published: December 2022

Using the panel data of China from 2007 to 2016, this paper explores the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading. The results show that environmental regulation has a causally positive impact on the upgrading of industrial structure. To explain the positive causal effect of environmental regulation, we adopt the mediation effect method and then confirm that allocated labor rather than technological innovation is a significant channel by which such regulation affects industrial structure upgrading. Ultimately, this paper complements the existing economic literature by justifying that labor allocation is a key mechanism to upgrade industrial structure in China.
MH advocates denounce NYC mayor's plan to hospitalize homeless with SMI
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

New York City Mayor Eric Adams’ proposal to involuntarily hospitalize people with serious mental illness (SMI) in an attempt to curb the city's rising homelessness trend and provide people with the help they need has garnered criticism and concerns from the mental health advocacy community.
Michigan seeks to boost MH support for children in foster care system
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2022

With the number of Michigan children in foster care who require institutional care on the decline, state officials are seeing an opportunity to ensure that the facilities currently operating a smaller number of beds are fully equipped to address children's behavioral health needs.
Yale lawsuit cites bias against students with MH disabilities
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law has joined a group of former and current students at Yale University in a lawsuit alleging discrimination against students with mental health challenges in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The lawsuit also alleges that Yale's policies are in violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Fair Housing Act and the Affordable Care Act.
NASMHPD, SAMHSA papers tout 988 opportunities for field
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

Observing that the transition to the 988 National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline offers an opportunity to grow crisis response services along a continuum, the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) last month released a series of 10 technical assistance collaborative papers providing important resources for stakeholders.
Managing prolific sows in tropical environments
Authors: Tummaruk Padet , De Rensis Fabio , Kirkwood Roy N.
Published: December 2022

Litter size in modern sows has been dramatically improved in recent decades by genetic selection for highly prolific sows. In a tropical environment, the average total number of pigs born and number born alive are reported to be as high as 17.2 and 15.1 piglets per litter, respectively. Therefore, the new production target in many herds aims to achieve 30–40 pigs weaned per sow per year. Despite the improvements in litter size, the mean preweaning piglet mortality rate remains high, at between 10% and 20%, in major pig‐producing countries. A sufficient daily feed intake by lactating sows is important for high milk production as sow milk yield is the limiting factor for piglet growth rate. Heat stress, which can occur when the ambient temperatures rise above 25°C, is one of the major problems that decreases daily feed intake and compromises milk yield. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage high feed intakes to achieve high milk yields. However, even with high nutrient intakes, productivity can be constrained by intestinal barrier function, limiting digestive ability, and allowing potential pathogens and/or toxins to become systemic. This is more likely greater under tropical conditions because of heat stress, exacerbating sow fertility problems. Underpinning sow herd performance, including responses to environmental challenges, is the selection of appropriate gilts, for example, selection and management for early puberty, thus presumably selecting the more fertile gilts and the correct management of lactation to improve the number of weaned piglets are some of the key factors for future reproductive efficiency of the farm under tropical conditions.
Singlet‐exciton optics and phonon‐mediated dynamics in oligoacene semiconductor crystals
Authors: Thompson Joshua J. P. , Muth Dominik , Anhäuser Sebastian , Bischof Daniel , Gerhard Marina , Witte Gregor , Malic Ermin
Published: December 2022

Organic semiconductor crystals stand out as an efficient, cheap, and diverse platform for realizing optoelectronic applications. The optical response of these crystals is governed by a rich tapestry of exciton physics. So far, little is known on the phonon‐driven singlet‐exciton dynamics in this class of materials. In this joint theory–experiment work, we combine the fabrication of a high‐quality oligoacene semiconductor crystal and characterization via photoluminescence measurements with a sophisticated approach to the microscopic modeling in these crystals. This allows us to investigate singlet‐exciton optics and dynamics. We predict phonon‐bottleneck effects in pentacene crystals, and find that dark excitons act as crucial phonon‐mediated relaxation scattering channels in both pentacene and tetracene. While the efficient singlet fission in pentacene crystals hampers the experimental observation of this bottleneck effect, we reveal both in theory and experiment a distinct polarization and temperature dependence in absorption and photoluminescence spectra of tetracene crystals, including microscopic origin of exciton linewidths, the activation of the higher Davydov states at large temperatures, and polarization‐dependent quenching of specific exciton resonances. Our joint theory–experiment study represents a significant advance in microscopic understanding of singlet‐exciton optics and dynamics in oligoacene crystals.

Key points

Compare microscopic modeling to spectroscopic measurements of excitons in oligoacene crystals.

Track the singlet‐exciton population and optical spectra following phonon‐mediated relaxation.

Predict a phonon‐bottleneck effect in pentacene that is absent in tetracene.
Diagnosis and management of isolated neutropenia: A survey of pediatric hematologist oncologists
Authors: Gunn Elizabeth , Powers Jacquelyn M. , Rahman AKM Fazlur , Bemrich‐Stolz Christina , Mennemeyer Stephen , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Wilson Hope P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Isolated neutropenia is a common referral to pediatric hematology oncology (PHO) physicians. There are no established consensus guidelines in the diagnosis and management of patients with isolated, asymptomatic, and incidentally discovered neutropenia.

Methods

A survey was distributed to PHO physicians on the American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology member discussion page to determine the common diagnostic and management decisions regarding patients with isolated neutropenia and to explore beliefs regarding the term “benign ethnic neutropenia.”

Results

One hundred twenty‐six PHO attending physicians completed the survey. The most common tests reportedly ordered for this patient population included complete blood cell count (CBC) (98%), peripheral smear (75%), antineutrophil antibody testing (29%), and immunoglobulins (24%). Providers were more likely to order an antineutrophil antibody in toddlers (p = .0085), and antinuclear antibody (ANA) panels in adolescents (p < .001). Half of providers do not request additional CBCs prior to their initial consultation, and most suggest referring patients with mild neutropenia after confirming a declining absolute neutrophil count (ANC) (51%). The three most important factors influencing ongoing follow‐up included: history of recurrent/severe infections (98%), family history of blood disorders (98%), and more severe/progressively worsening neutropenia (97%). Seventy percent of respondents have diagnosed patients with “benign ethnic neutropenia,” and 75% support replacement of the term to “typical neutrophil count with Fy(a‐/b‐) status,” if confirmed with red cell phenotyping.

Conclusion

We identified practice patterns of PHO physicians for the diagnosis and management of patients referred for asymptomatic and isolated neutropenia. These data provide the framework to conduct cost‐effectiveness studies.
Improving guideline‐concordant thromboprophylaxis prescribing for children admitted to hospital with COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Adam , Parsons Chase , Caplan Greg , Kelly Daniel P. , Duzan Julie , Drake Emily , Kumar Riten
Published: December 2022

Background

The incidence of venous thrombo‐embolism (VTE) in hospitalized children has increased by 130%–200% over the last two decades. Given this increase, many centers utilize electronic clinical decision support (CDS) to prognosticate VTE risk and recommend prophylaxis. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) is a risk factor for VTE; however, CDS developed before the COVID‐19 pandemic may not accurately prognosticate VTE risk in children with COVID‐19. This study's objective was to identify areas to improve thromboprophylaxis recommendations for children with COVID‐19.

Methods

Inpatients with a positive COVID‐19 test at admission were identified at a quaternary‐care pediatric center between March 1, 2020 and January 20, 2022. The results of the institution's automated CDS thromboprophylaxis recommendations were compared to institutional COVID‐19 thromboprophylaxis guidelines and to the actual thromboprophylaxis received. CDS optimization was performed to improve adherence to COVID‐19 thromboprophylaxis recommendations.

Results

Of the 329 patients included in this study, 106 (28.2%) were prescribed pharmaco‐prophylaxis, 167 (50.8%) were identified by the institutional COVID‐19 guidelines as requiring pharmaco‐prophylaxis, and 45 (13.2%) were identified by the CDS as needing pharmaco‐prophylaxis. On univariate analysis, only age 12 years or more was associated with recipient of appropriate prophylaxis (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13–2.82, p = .013). Five patients developed VTEs; three had symptoms at presentation, two were identified as high risk for VTE by both the automated and best practice assessments but were not prescribed pharmaco‐prophylaxis.

Conclusion

Automated thromboprophylaxis recommendations developed prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic may not identify all COVID‐19 patients needing pharmaco‐prophylaxis. Existing CDS tools need to be updated to reflect COVID‐19‐specific risk factors for VTEs.
Can you hear me now? Tools for cultivating a culture of respect, value, and appreciation within pediatric hematology, oncology, and cellular therapy
Authors: Tal Adit , Moerdler Scott , Fernández Cristina R. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Sakamoto Kathleen M.
Published: December 2022

The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) conducted a workshop “Can you hear me now? Cultivating a culture of respect, value, and appreciation within pediatric hematology/oncology” at their annual meeting in May 2022 in hopes of exploring how the members can enhance wellness in a climate of increasing diversity. Initiatives in the past have focused on personal care, but it has been widely shown that administrative and institutional driven initiatives are essential to create an environment of wellness. In this interactive workshop, we discovered that 22% of participants felt their institution does not instill a culture of respect. We offered tools to the audience on multiple levels: graceful self‐promotion, diversity and inclusion, and leadership perspective on creating a culture of respect to address the individual, local community, and top‐down leadership approaches. Here, we offer a summary on the content of the workshop, and expand upon many of the discussion points that were raised during the workshop. We bring forth novel information on each topic individually from diverse points of view, specific to the field of pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO). We aim to highlight the importance of creating a diverse and respectful work environment in PHO in hopes of ensuring motivated, satisfied, and fulfilled healthcare providers who feel appreciated and valued.
Data standards in pediatric oncology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Noyd David H. , Wood Nicole M. , Phillips Charles A. , Miller Tamara P. , Rubin Elyssa M. , Winestone Lena E. , Waanders Angela J. , Perentesis John P. , Aplenc Richard
Published: December 2022

In this commentary, we highlight the central role that data standards play in facilitating data‐driven efforts to advance research in pediatric oncology. We discuss the current state of data standards for pediatric oncology and propose five steps to achieve an improved future state with benefits for clinicians, researchers, and patients.
Long‐term childhood cancer survival in Australia using period estimation
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Baade Peter D. , Aitken Joanne F.
Published: December 2022

Estimates of childhood cancer survival are usually reported at 5 years after diagnosis only. Using cases prevalent between 2014 and 2018 from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, we used the period method to calculate relative survival up to 20 years post diagnosis by cancer type. Twenty‐year relative survival for all childhood cancers combined (n = 14,353) was 83.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.6%–85.0%). Survival decreased only slightly after 10 years for most childhood cancers, except for some types of brain and liver tumours. These contemporary estimates of long‐term survival provide valuable information to assist childhood cancer patients and their families in planning for the future.
Adverse childhood experiences and resilience in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer patients
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay F. , Tan Marcia M. , McCrae Julie S. , Burkhardt Tiffany , Ness Kirsten K. , Henderson Tara O.
Published: December 2022

Childhood and adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience poor health outcomes in adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) also portend poor health outcomes for the general population. Resilience can mitigate effects of ACEs. We examined the feasibility of assessing ACEs and resilience in childhood and AYA cancer patients. We also described occurrences of ACEs, resilience, and poor health outcomes. Of 52 participants, most rated their study experience favorably, with privacy in answering sensitive questions. Half reported ACEs, and those with ACEs had lower resilience; X2(3, N = 52) = 9.4, p = .02. Further investigations of ACEs and resilience in larger cohorts are warranted to delineate associations with long‐term health outcomes.
Polyurethane with nano‐SiO2 based surface sizing method for 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites
Authors: Jing Xishuang , Duan Yingzhu , Xie Fubao , Zhang Chengyang , Chen Siyu
Published: December 2022

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite 3D printing has drawn more attention due to its ability to manufacture composite structures with complex shapes. The surface treatment of CF is necessary to improve the combination between carbon fiber (CF) and matrix. In this work, polyurethane with nano‐SiO2 (PU/SiO2) was used to size CF to enhance the compatibility of CF and nylon 6 (PA6). The chemistry and morphology of the CF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interface strength between CF and PA6 was tested by the fiber pull‐out test, and eventually obtained optimized concertation of PU/SiO2 sizing agents (with 25 wt% PU and 0.4 wt% nano‐SiO2). The results show that compared with untreated CF, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF and PA6 after sizing increased by 316.93%. In addition, several CF/PA6 composite specimens printed by a homemade composite 3D printer were used to do mechanical tests. The results show that the flexural strength increased by 33.87%, the tensile strength increased by 20.75%, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) increased by 66.54%.
A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Yue Lingyu , Zhu Yingdan , Liu Dong , Yan Chun , Chen Gang , Chen Mingda
Published: December 2022

Existing hot stamping simulations are performed at the macroscopic scale, making optimizing process parameters for a new composite system time‐consuming. This paper develops a dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermos‐viscoelastic model based on a numerical homogenization approach to accurately predict the structural deformation of thermoplastic composite laminates during hot stamping. The viscoelastic homogenization model is developed on representative volume elements using temperature‐dependent viscoelastic parameters determined from thermo‐mechanical tests. The effective properties of the composites are identified from the homogenization results, which are then combined with the experimentally measured thermal behavior into a numerical model of the hot stamping process. The developed model is validated by the agreement between the finite element homogenization results and the predictions made using the determined parameters. The simulated warpage of the molded part also agrees well with the experimental measurements. The developed dual‐scale model can be used to predict the effective thermomechanical properties of composites. Moreover, it can also be integrated into numerical tools for structural design and process optimization of thermoplastic composites.
Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/zinc oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites for electrochemical applications
Authors: Albalawi Hind , Alharbi Ebtesam M. , Al‐Sulami Ahlam I. , Al‐Qahtani Noora , Farea Mohammed O. , Rajeh A.
Published: December 2022

Polymer nanocomposites films, based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and iron oxide nanorods (Fe3O4 NRs) as nanofiller, were prepared by solution casting technique. Different techniques were used to describe the prepared films. XRD and FTIR were used to pinpoint the complexation of the nanofiller with the polymer mixture. The XRD investigation verified the existence of the crystalline peaks of ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs in the polymeric matrices. The average particle size of nanocomposite was 23 nm. TEM image of the ZnO nanopowder confirming the spherical form of nanoparticles with average size 30 nm. The TEM image of Fe3O4 NRs reveals the free nanorods are around 9–23 nm in diameter and 130–350 nm in length. Peak positions and intensity variations in the FTIR absorption spectra are observed when the concentration increases from 2 to 8 wt% of ZnO NPs/Fe3O4 NRs. AC conductivity showed that the NaAlg/PVA‐(8 wt%) ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs nanocomposites have higher electrical conductivity than NaAlg/PVA blend. For samples of 8% ZnO/Fe3O4, the of nanocomposites reached 3.66 × 10−8 S cm−1. ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles considerably improved the nanocomposites' ability to conduct electricity. For the development of functional composite materials for the manufacture of electrical devices, sensors, and high‐energy storage capacitors, the enhanced characteristics of synthesized NaAlg/PVA‐ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be helpful.
Identifying genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance suitable for CRISPR/Cas9 editing in upland rice cultivars adapted to acid soils
Authors: Barrero Luz S. , Willmann Matthew R. , Craft Eric J. , Akther Kazi M. , Harrington Sandra E. , Garzon‐Martinez Gina A. , Glahn Raymond P. , Piñeros Miguel A. , McCouch Susan R.
Published: December 2022

Five genes of large phenotypic effect known to confer abiotic stress tolerance in rice were selected to characterize allelic variation in commercial Colombian tropical japonica upland rice cultivars adapted to drought‐prone acid soil environments (cv. Llanura11 and Porvenir12). Allelic variants of the genes ART1, DRO1, SUB1A, PSTOL1, and SPDT were characterized by PCR and/or Sanger sequencing in the two upland cultivars and compared with the Nipponbare and other reference genomes. Two genes were identified as possible targets for gene editing: SUB1A (Submergence 1A), to improve tolerance to flooding, and SPDT (SULTR3;4) (SULTR‐like Phosphorus Distribution Transporter), to improve phosphorus utilization efficiency and grain quality. Based on technical and regulatory considerations, SPDT was targeted for editing. The two upland cultivars were shown to carry the SPDT wild‐type (nondesirable) allele based on sequencing, RNA expression, and phenotypic evaluations under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions. A gene deletion was designed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and specialized reagents were developed for SPDT editing, including vectors targeting the gene and a protoplast transfection transient assay. The desired edits were confirmed in protoplasts and serve as the basis for ongoing plant transformation experiments aiming to improve the P‐use efficiency of upland rice grown in acidic soils.
Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior
Authors: Scott Dakota G. , Cummock Nicholas R. , Son Steven F.
Published: December 2022

The plethora of potential homemade explosive (HME) formulations combined with the fact they often exhibit large critical diameters make them expensive to characterize with traditional large‐scale tests. A relatively new method for small‐scale characterization was investigated using non‐ideal explosive charges consisting of ammonium nitrate (AN) and various fuels. Here, we extend this method using an optical characterization technique that utilizes the decay rate of the reaction wave velocity in failing detonations of sub‐critical diameter charges as a metric for the shock sensitivity of an explosive. The conditions required for successful detonation initiation and failure have long been used to investigate shock sensitivity (critical diameter, gap tests, run‐to‐detonation experiments); however, the failure regime still remains largely unexplored. The utility of this small‐scale characterization technique lies in its ability to determine the relative shock sensitivity of explosive with minimal material and experiments while simultaneously providing transient velocity data for potential use in modeling efforts. In this work, high speed imaging was used and analyzed to determine rates of reaction wave velocity decay in the AN‐fuel samples. Among the fuels tested with AN were diesel (ANFO), nitromethane (ANNM), and aluminum (AN−Al). It was found that nitromethane was the most effective at sensitizing the AN of the systems considered. In both ANNM and AN−Al, maximum shock sensitivity (here measured as the minimum reactive wave velocity decay rate) occurred at fuel percentages below stoichiometric mixtures. This was interpreted to be due to the competing effects of stoichiometry and hot spot criticality. Sensitivity results were compared to run‐to‐failure (RTF) distances and published critical diameter trends which showed good correlation.
Nα‐Methylation of arginine: Implications for cell‐penetrating peptides
Authors: Calabretta Lindsey O. , Yang Jinyi , Raines Ronald T.
Published: December 2022

The field of cell‐penetrating peptides is dominated by the use of oligomers of arginine residues. Octanol–water partitioning in the presence of an anionic lipid is a validated proxy for cell‐penetrative efficacy. Here, we add one, two, or three N‐methyl groups to Ac‐Arg‐NH2 and examine the effects on octanol–water partitioning. In the absence of an anionic lipid, none of these arginine derivatives can be detected in the octanol layer. In the presence of sodium dodecanoate, however, increasing N‐methylation correlates with increasing partitioning into octanol, which is predictive of higher cell‐penetrative ability. We then evaluated fully Nα‐methylated oligoarginine peptides and observed an increase in their cellular penetration compared with canonical oligoarginine peptides in some contexts. These findings indicate that a simple modification, Nα‐methylation, can enhance the performance of cell‐penetrating peptides.
Potential cinacalcet‐clozapine interaction
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: December 2022

Clozapine's use in the management of patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia has been limited by the occurrence of significant side effects. Also, because its elimination is primarily mediated by multiple drug‐metabolizing enzymes, the potential for drug–drug interaction is high. The following case described an elderly patient who developed dystonic reactions with concurrent administration of clozapine and cinacalcet, a calcimimetic used to treat patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid carcinoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism.1
Lithium and the kidney
Authors: Price Lawrence H.
Published: December 2022

Lithium was the first drug to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of bipolar disorder, back in 1970. Although it's common knowledge that the Australian psychiatrist John Cade initially described lithium's anti‐manic efficacy in 1949, it's less well known that the FDA banned lithium that same year. This occurred following the deaths from lithium intoxication of several patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure who had been given lithium chloride as a salt substitute.1 To be sure, the pharmaceutical industry did little to advance lithium — since it couldn't be patented, there was no profit to be made — but it's hard for us now to imagine that it could take more than 20 years to approve a new drug for a major illness with no other approved treatment.
A first principles study of nonlinear optical properties of a quinoline derivative
Authors: Medeiros Renato , Valverde Clodoaldo , Faizi Md. Serajul Haque , Jamal Asif , Osório Francisco A. P.
Published: December 2022

A quinoline derivative, 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal packing behavior and intermolecular interactions were examined by Hirshfeld surface analyses, 2D fingerprint plots and QTAIM analysis. The second order nonlinear response of 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol molecule immersed in DMSO was investigated at PCM/DFT/CAM‐B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level. Theoretical calculations of the Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) first hyperpolarizability were performed using two different procedures, the Sum‐over‐states scheme and the energy derivative method from Gaussian16. The HRS first hyperpolarizability results were compared with obtained for other organic compounds and shown that the 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol presents a good nonlinear optical response.
“Jobbos” and the “wageless life”: Exploring work and responsibility in the anti‐fracking movement in Lancashire, United Kingdom
Authors: O'Brien Sarah G.P.
Published: December 2022

Drawing on ethnographic research at an anti‐fracking encampment at Preston New Road (PNR) in Lancashire, England, this article explores activists' perceptions of work and responsibility. I examine their protest activities and explore how work is understood, disrupted, and contested; what this means for my interlocutors' engagement with monetary compensation; and how this is reinforced by the extractive nature of the activity they are contesting. I show how through protesting, monitoring, and maintaining a presence on site, interlocutors worked to ethically and materially disentangle themselves from the reality fueled by hydrocarbon extraction. While paid work was deemed ethically problematic in this context, at stake for my interlocutors was the web of relationships in which financial and practical support was received and shared. By drawing on research on activism and dynamics of prefiguration, I show how the work of activism at PNR was predicated on balancing agency with responsibility in a complex and powerful web of responsible relationships. Reconciling agency and responsibility was integral to the ethical orientations on which the anti‐fracking community was built and the realities it aspired to create.
One Stone, Two Birds: A Peptide‐Au(I) Infinite Coordination Supermolecule for the Confederate Physical and Biological Radiosensitization in Cancer Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Jing , Ma Fang , Gong Liuyun , Lu Yinliang , Xiao Weiping , Tang Hanmin , Gao Chengyi , Chen Yuetong , Ma Jun , Gao Zhan , Yan Jin , Han Suxia
Published: December 2022

Over half of cancer patients are subjected to radiotherapy, but owing to the deficient amount of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), a fair number of them suffer from radiotherapy resistance and the subsequent short‐term survival opportunity. To overcome it, many successes have been achieved in radiosensitizer discovery using physical strategy and/or biological strategy, but significant challenges remain regarding developing clinically translational radiosensitizers. Herein, a peptide‐Au(I) infinite coordination supermolecule termed PAICS is developed that combined both physical and biological radiosensitization and possessed pharmaceutical characteristics including adequate circulatory stability, controllable drug release, tumor‐prioritized accumulation, and the favorable body eliminability. As expected, monovalent gold ion endowed this supermolecule with high X‐ray absorption and the subsequent radiosensitization. Furthermore, a peptide targeting CRM1, is assembled into the supermolecule, which successfully activates p53 and apoptosis pathway, thereby further sensitizing radiotherapy. As a result, PAICS showed superior ability for radiotherapy sensitization in vivo and maintained a favorable safety profile. Thus, the PAICS reported here will offer a feasible solution to simultaneously overcome both the pharmaceutical obstacles of physical and biological radiosensitizers and will enable the development of a class of nanomedicines for tumor radiotherapy sensitization.
Gate‐Controlled Chiral Recognition and Spin Assessment with All‐Electric Hybrid Quantum Wire‐Based Transistors
Authors: Maity Arnab , Rapoport Shelley , Haick Hossam
Published: December 2022

The search for inexpensive and all‐electric tunable methods for portable and fast recognition and discrimination between various chiral enantiomers, mainly those found in the gas phase, has been one of the most challenging tasks in the field of analytical chemistry. The current article reports on a chiral sensitive electric architecture (CSEA) of a helical polyaniline (PANI)@carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid quantum‐wire based field effect transistor (FET) platform. The CSEA architecture exhibits gate‐controlled‐channel‐chirality modulation for the selective distinction of Limonene (S(+)/R(−)) at ≈12 V intervals. Typical gate‐modulated selectivity of S(+)‐Limonene and R(−)‐Limonene using two opposite helically turned hybrids, namely as, S‐PANI@CNT and R‐PANI@CNT are 6.5 and 2.8, respectively. Theoretical analysis and modelling relates the gas‐phase chiral quantum probe with spin‐channel modulation in CNT by Rashba spin‐orbit interaction. This is achieved by applied gate voltage, CNT's unique curved surface, adsorbed chiral adatom induced scattering center on the curved graphitic lattice and helicoid field from a synthetically prepared helical PANI@CNT hybrid interface.