bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and quality assessment of cheeses with mold
Authors: Dolganova S G , Budaeva A B , Khundanova T L , Gomboeva O A , Tsybikzhapov A D
Published: September 2020

In many Russian regions, increased cheese production has allowed to satisfy the population needs. Cheeses made with the participation of mold fungi are very popular. In violation of technological regimes, sanitary - hygienic conditions of production, storage, various types of cheese defects arise. The aim of this work is to assess the quality and safety of cheeses with mold according to physicochemical and microbiological indicators. Six samples of mold cheese from various manufacturers were examined according to standard methods. The mass fraction of moisture and active acidity in the investigated samples of cheese with mold were within the specified values in the regulatory documentation. Mass fraction of fat in terms of dry substance in two samples below the stated. In terms of quality and safety, among the six samples of cheese with mold, been sold in the Irkutsk distribution network, were detected Escherichia coli Bacteria and Listeria groups, therefore all do not correspond the requirements. We believe that it is necessary to include in-state standard 32263-2013 requirements for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators for cheeses with the development of molds. The pH limits for such cheeses are set from 4.0 to 7.0, since this indicator, in general, is involved in the formation of the quality and safety of this product.
Influence of rate of flow of working fluid on efficiency of application of herbicides in winter wheat
Authors: Glazunova N N , Bezgina J A , Maznitsyna L V , Shipulya A N , Volosova E V
Published: September 2020

The greening factor in the application of herbicides is the targeted use of herbicides, and increasing productivity, generally by reducing the rate of flow of the working fluid. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of the rate of flow of the working fluid and size of nozzles on the efficiency of herbicides in winter wheat. The studies were conducted in 2019 at the experimental station of the State budgetary educational institution “Stavropol state agrarian University”. In winter wheat studies were conducted on cultivar Tanya, the forecrop - sunflower. We studied the biological efficiency of the experimental tank mixture of herbicides c compared with the tank mixture of herbicides used at the experimental station. The results showed that the decrease in consumption rate of working solution to 50-100 l/ha and use nozzles caliber ST 110-01 and ST 110-02 has a negative effect: firstly on the expression of herbicidal activity, which leads to the increase of the period of oppression and destruction, as the cereals and dicotyledonous weeds; secondly on the species sensitivity of weeds reducing it from 2 to 7 %; third on the biological efficiency of herbicides, reducing it by 2-3% in the number of destroyed weeds and up to 6% on their biological ground.
Antioxidant activity and content of salidroside in ethanolic extracts of Rhodiola rosea
Authors: Tsvetov N S , Dvornikov K Yu , Nikolaeva E V , Nikolaev V G
Published: September 2020

Rhodiola rosea L. is an important medicinal plant, grown in the Arctic regions. Recently, many investigations are devoted to the development of new methods of extraction bioactive components from R.rosea. One of the valuable and common methods of extraction is maceration in the water-ethanol mixture to obtain tincture. At the same time, a certain drawback of systematic studies of the dependence of such extraction efficiency on the concentration of ethanol is noticeable in the literature. In this work data of systematical study of maceration efficiency of water-ethanol mixtures with ethanol content 0 – 97 vol.% at 25°C. Salidroside content and total antioxidant activity were estimated. It was obtained that the most useful for salidroside as well as other antioxidants extraction is maceration with 50 % water-ethanol mixture rot 3 days. These data can be used to organize the extraction process and for further studies in the field of optimization of the processes of extraction of bioactive compounds from R.rosea.
Public-private partnership as a form ensuring food security in Russia
Authors: Sedykh Vladimir , Pyrchenkova Galina , Radchenko Elena
Published: September 2020

The development of the subjects of Russia has shown the need for adjustments to approaches providing the national food security of the country. This problem affects the penal system, which needs to be safely provided with foodstuffs. An integral part of solving this problem is the promotion of science-based models of effective cooperation of public funds and private capital with the consideration of specific production conditions. It is necessary to identify empirical gaps in the knowledge about the use of public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) mechanisms in the interests of ensuring the food security of the national penitentiary system. We assume that the application of PPPs in the agricultural industry can be considered one of the most relevant instruments facilitating the innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy, free competition, protection the rights of the resource owners.
Statistics of food quality as a factor in the dynamics of development of nutritionally dependent diseases in Russia
Authors: Solodova S V , Slozhenkina M I , Fedotova A M , Mosolova E A , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of quality control of basic food products. The growth of nutritionally dependent diseases has been demonstrated. The absence of a direct relationship between the growth of nutritionally dependent diseases and the increase in the population older than working age has been established. The emerging tendency of an increase in the mortality rate of the able-bodied population due to nutritional diseases has been identified. Economic measures to improve the quality of food products are proposed.
COVID-19 as a factor in the global food crisis
Authors: Fedotova G V , Mosolova N I , Sigidov Yu I , Kulikova N N
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the dynamics of the main food crises in the history of mankind. The factors that caused food threats are analyzed. The state of the modern world food market and its trends are assessed in the light of ongoing changes in the structure of production in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main global threats that entail violated world economic relations between countries in the process of a complete ban and quarantine measures have been identified. The main measures to reduce the predicted negative product effects are proposed.
Use of feed additives “Valopro” and “Ruprokol” to increase the energy of growth and meat productivity of simmental steers
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Pristupa V N , Kolosov Yu A , Fedorov V Kh
Published: September 2020

The article assesses the growth, development and meat productivity of Simmental bulls during the growing period when the feed additives “Valopro” and “Ruprokol” are included in the ration. For experience in intensive growing conditions on the basis of the industrial complex LLC Agropark-Razvilnoye, Rostov Region, in September 2019, two groups of 10-month-old calves of Simmental breed were formed. In the experimental group, the calves were fed in feed compound “Valopro” at the rate of 20 grams and “Ruprokol” - 50 grams per head per day. Gobies of control feed additives were not received. In the experimental group, over 80 days of growing, an average of 9.15 kg was consumed, and in the control group, 8.9 kg of dry matter per head per day. The absolute growth of young animals fed a diet with feed additives was 26 kg higher during the accounting period. The use of fodder additives in the feeding of bull calves made it possible at the age of 13 months to obtain a live weight of 439 kg, one kilogram of which contains 403 g of muscle tissue and 429 g of edible carcass elements. The introduction of feed additives helped to reduce feed costs per 1 kg of gain in live weight by 18%, to obtain 1600-1700 g of daily gain and provide additional profit.
Trends and prospects for the development of horticulture and vegetable growing in the region
Authors: Zhilyakov D I , Vertakova Yu V , Kharchenko E V
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the development of horticultural products markets. Trends and prospects for the development of horticulture and vegetable growing are considered on the example of the Kursk region – one of the traditionally agricultural region of the Russian Federation. Gardening in the region undoubtedly has certain prospects. To ensure stable and balanced development of the industry and to receive high financial results, it is necessary to use seedlings of varieties with high taste and nutritional characteristics. This will ensure the satisfaction of the needs of the population and stable demand for products. In addition to the importance of productivity growth, the problem of crops storage is no less relevant. At the same time, the industry is also important for ensuring food security.
Research of lactose hydrolysis depending on the type of the enzyme
Authors: Titov E I , Tikhomirova N A , Nguyen B C , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolova N I
Published: September 2020

In order to produce low-lactose dairy products the process of lactose hydrolysis is studied and optimal process parameters depending on the type of enzyme samples are determined. By the example of two types of enzymatic samples of lactase (β-galactosidase): “Lacta-free” TM “Lactoferm ECO”, obtained from mushrooms Aspergillus oryzae, is produced by Biochem srl. (Italy) and “Maxilact-2000”, obtained from Kluyveromyces lactis yeast, is produced by “DSM Food Specialties” (Netherlands) and the most effective samples has been tested. Optimal parameters for “Lacta-free”: at temperature (40±2)°C, duration of hydrolysis process (5.0±0.5) hours; for “Maxilact-2000”: at temperature (37±2)°C, duration of hydrolysis process (4.0±0.5) hours.
Qualitative indicators of incubation eggs by using domestic vitamin E in nutrition of “Hisex Brown” cross chickens
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Komarova Z B , Voronina T V , Rudkovskaya A V , Friesen D V
Published: September 2020

For the normal functioning of the reproductive system, vitamin E, which protects sperm, egg yolk, and embryo organs from oxidation, is a necessary component of the diet of the bird. Given the role of vitamin E in the life of the body, the authors studied the degree of influence of the new feed supplement Innovit E 60, created in Russia by the specialists of Group of Companies “MEGAMIX”, which has no analogues in the world, on the quality indicators of chicken’s hatching eggs of the cross “Hisex Brown”. In experiments, it was found that the biochemical composition of the hatching eggs of the experimental group improved slightly. The level of dry matter and protein in the yolk of eggs tended to increase by 0.28 and 0.26%, and mineral substances - by 0.02%, in all likelihood due to the content of bioavailable silicon in the feed additive. The vitamin composition of the yolk improved: carotenoids by 18.18% (P <0.05), vitamin A - by 19.18% (P <0.05), vitamin E - by 42.4% (P <0.01). A similar picture was observed when determining the composition of the protein, in which the dry matter content increased by 0.19%, protein - by 0.06 and carbohydrates - by 0.12. A significant difference in the concentration of vitamin B2 in the protein part of the hatching eggs was found to be 11.67% (P <0.05). There was a significant decrease in acid number in the eggs of the experimental group by 10.24% (P <0.01). It was proved that the feed supplement Innovit E 60 due to its higher activity had a significant effect on the quality of incubation eggs.
The efficiency of some microelement compositions in spring wheat cultivation system
Authors: Timofeev V N , Vyushina O A
Published: September 2020

The studies were performed on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Northern Trans-Urals - a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the SB RAS in 2019. In the experiment, studies were carried out on the use of biogenic iron hydroxide nanoparticles in various variations on spring wheat for seed treatment before sowing and plants during the growing season in the complex plant protection complex. Records and observations were performed according to standard guidelines adopted in the State variety testing network, crop production and plant protection. The use of biogenic Fe did not affect the initial development of plants and germination. Analysis of seeds for disease damage showed a general infection within 50%, seed treatment with a fungicide disinfectant reduced their infection by 90%, biogenic iron by 34%, which is the threshold for the assessment of PSM. Root diseases caused by helminthosporious and Fusarium infections were suppressed by 71-93% fungicidal protectants and 30-60% by the use of biogenic iron with an increase in plant maturation efficiency. In the conditions of the year of leaf stem diseases the development of septoriosis of the ear and stem prevailed 30-40%, the use of a chemical fungicide had a reception efficiency of 77-82% against the background of fungicidal protectants and the use of compositions in the earing phase and increased by 10% to 89% from treatment in the tillering phase with biogenic iron and biofungicide. Biogenic Fe applied in the tillering phase had a directed effect on the development of the ear increasing its weight by 1.07 g, and resistance to lodging, but there was a decrease in the length of the stem, the development of the leaf blade of the flag leaf by 8.7-12.7%, and the total mass of plants. Increased yield by 9.8-12.4% and gluten content up to 30% contributed to the use of biogenic iron and biofungicide increasing the effectiveness of the chemical fungicide at low rates. The use of biogenic iron is possible in the technology of spring wheat cultivation to reduce the chemical load by regulating the norms of application of the fungicidal direction of the PSM.
The mathematical modeling of changes in grain moisture and heat loss on adsorption drying from parameters of grain dryer
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Stepanenko S P , Novitskii A V , Rebenko V I
Published: September 2020

The literary review has established that to reduce the heat loss of a dryer, the heat insulation of the dryer design, heat recovery and suction air flow are used. However, the use of prospective suction airflow is not fully disclosed. In the article, based on the equations of mass transfer, thermal and material balance, the dependences of grain moisture and heat consumption on drying from the regime parameters of the dryer, grain properties, and air flow used during drying are found. Analytical dependencies are illustrated by the corresponding schedules. Analysis of the analytical and graphical dependences of grain moisture and heat consumption on the corn grain sample has established that reducing the heat consumption when drying the grain, possibly reducing the pressure in the dryer, while simultaneously draining the air stream before it is fed to the drying chamber.
Chemical characterization of ethanol and vodka in Russia
Authors: Abramova I M , Medrish M E , Romanova A G , Gavrilova D A , Pavlenko S V
Published: September 2020

The analysis of the regulatory documentation in the Russian industry of ethanol and vodka, overview of the main methods of finished products quality control are presented in this article. The generalized research data of vodka from different manufacturers are presented; the ranges of volatile components mass concentrations, the ionic composition of vodka and special vodka are given.
Analysis of the impact of state support on the efficiency of agricultural production in the context of digitalization in the Volgograd region
Authors: Glushchenko A V , Kovalenko O A , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolova D A
Published: September 2020

The article presents a model for analyzing the impact of state support for agricultural production on the efficiency of enterprises in the livestock sector of the Volgograd region in the conditions of digitalization. The developed model is integrated into the electronic information environment of not only state bodies, but also agribusiness enterprises and allows using software tools to analyze the effectiveness of state support in three main areas: the development of material and technical base, reimbursement of agricultural production costs, and reimbursement of borrowed sources of financing. The result of using the model mechanism is interactive reporting, which provides information to state authorities for the purpose of monitoring the implementation of state support for agricultural production, assessing the completeness of coverage of agricultural enterprises with state support, modeling the amount of financial support to agribusiness enterprises to monitor the implementation of set values of performance indicators, as well as the rapid development of measures to improve performance. The method of distribution of agribusiness enterprises by zones of state support effectiveness is proposed. This method allows the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation to develop targeted support measures or change the amount of support financing depending on the level of efficiency of agribusiness enterprises. The analysis of the impact of state support for agricultural production on the efficiency of enterprises in the livestock sector of the Volgograd region.
Brine-ripened cheese enriched with vegetable ingredients: technology and quality
Authors: Kryuchkova V V , Gorlov I F , Korneichuk K M , Belik S N , Mosolova N I
Published: September 2020

Paprika, coriander seeds, and β-carotene have been theoretically substantiated and practically proved to be appropriate to use in brine cheese production as functional ingredients rich in vitamins, macro- and microelements, dietary fiber, and essential amino and fatty acids with health-promoting properties. The preparation method and technological point to introduce herbal ingredients have been established; the probiotic complex that is necessary for the cheese production has been selected. The cheese technology has been developed, and its quality was assessed. Sensory characteristics were harmonious; the taste, odor, and pattern of the cheese product were pleasant to perceive. The product was protein/fat balanced; dietary fibers satisfied the recommended norm for 28%. There was an increase in minerals 2.5 times (potassium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus) and vitamins by 70.0% (β-carotene, vitamin A, E, B6, B5); trace element selenium and vitamins K, B3, B4, and α-carotene appeared, which led to an increase in the biological value of the cheese product.
Genoprotective effects of probiotics
Authors: Morgul E V , Kolmakova T S , Belik S N , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I
Published: September 2020

Xenobiotic pollution is one of the most pressing contemporary problems. New chemicals in the composition of air, water, and food enter the human body. They enter into biochemical reactions and have a negative effect on metabolism and physiological processes due to activated lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. This article presents data on the gene protective performance of probiotics. There were probiotics under study, i.e., a bacillary probiotic Bacillus subtilis 534; a preparation, containing lyophilized probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Enterococcus faecium); and a probiotic, containing Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus faecium. The preparations’ ability to suppress genotoxicity caused by oxidative stress was evaluated by the biosensor bacteria’s ability to reduce the DNA damage caused by an endogenous generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – dioxidine. To detect DNA damage in a cell, E. coli MG1655 biosensors with pRecA and pColD promoters were applied. The studied probiotics have been established to have varying degrees of antigenotoxic activity. A multicomponent probiotic, containing lyophilized probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Enterococcus faecium), showed the best protective performance (51.73%). The minimal protective effect was observed in the bacillary probiotic Bacillus subtilis 534. The multicomponent complex of lyophilized probiotic bacteria has been revealed to exhibit activity that enhances the dioxin’s genotoxicity that is expressed in stimulating the induction of biosensor strains luminescence. This activity can be considered as a prooxidant effect. The study results may be considered in selection of probiotic components as functional ingredients with antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties in the food industry.
Biochemical assessment of berry crops as a source of production of functional food products
Authors: Kirina I B , Belosokhov F G , Titova L V , Suraykina I A , Pulpitow V F
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the concept of functional nutrition, the prospects for the use of fruit and berry products in the production of functional products. The issues of biochemical assessment of black currant, red currant, remontant varieties of garden raspberries, edible honeysuckle, high blueberries as a source of production of functional food products are considered. Experimental data on the content of biologically active substances (organic acids, total sugars, ascorbic acid, pectin, P-active substances) in fresh fruits of promising varieties are presented. The best varieties with a high content of antioxidants are selected: ascorbic acid (the black currant Carmelita, Green haze, the red currant Vixne, Marmalade; the remantant raspberry Atlant, Hercules, Orange miracle; the edible honeysuckle Kamchadalka, Cinderella, Gzhel early, Nymph and the high blueberry Herbert, Coville); pectin (the red currant Jonker van Tets, Generous); the remantant raspberry Orange miracle; the honeysuckle Kamchadalka, Cinderella, Nymph, Gzhel early); p-active ingredients (the black currant Green haze, Tamerlane; the honeysuckle Berel, Galochka and the high blueberry Blue crop, Herbert, Coville).
Protein feedstuff production based on microbial biomass
Authors: Abramova I M , Soloviev A O , Turshatov M V , Krivchenko V A , Kononenko V V
Published: September 2020

Until 2020, Russia has a state program for the development of agriculture, therefore the organization of livestock complexes is actively initiated and supported. In this regard, the arises the question of inexpensive feed for farm animals availability. More recently, the demand for protein feed products largely was covered by imports. However, at present, there is an economically determined decrease in demand for imported goods, which naturally increases interest in domestic analogs of protein feed products. One of these products is fodder yeast. Currently, this kind of feedstuffs was undeservedly forgotten and most production facilities in Russia curtailed. In the production of fodder yeast, for example from post-alcohol stillage, the profitability of grain processing is significantly increased. In addition, the processing of carbohydrate-containing wastes from grain processing enterprises reduces the negative impact on the environment. According to the results of the studies, the most effective protein producing strains and nutrient media were selected based on secondary raw materials from grain processing, as well as the optimal mode and conditions for their cultivation. It was found that the most effective strain was Rhodosporidium diobovatum 115 using post-alcohol stillage as a nutrient medium.
Development of effective substrates for growing Hermetia illucens larvae with a high protein content and assessment of the effect of the obtained zoocompost on phytonematode
Authors: Ushakova N A , Udalova Zh V , Zinovieva S V , Garmash N Yu
Published: September 2020

The larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens are actively used for bioconversion of a wide range of organic residues, and the insects themselves are an excellent source of feed protein, and waste products can be used as fertilizers. It is noted that the excrement of larvae and the residual mass of undigested substrates significantly affect soil biota. In this article, the effect of the composition of feed mixtures for the life of H. illucens larvae on the protein-fat composition of larvae, the biophilic composition of the obtained composts and the possibility of using zoocompost to control one of the most pathogenic types of root-knot nematodes on tomatoes have been studied. It has been shown that feed mixtures based on potatoes, apples, corn, and including sunflower meal, wheat bran or pine sawdust make it possible to obtain competent larvae with a high protein content. All obtained zoocompost significantly suppresses the development of the nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. However, mixing coniferous sawdust in the feed mixture reduces the conversion of the substrate, and the resulting zoocompost does not have a growth-promoting effect on tomato plants.
Evaluating the efficiency of Enzyme-enriched Enzymesporine probiotic feed additive and its impact on the productive properties of pigs in the fattening process
Authors: Trubnikov D V , Gorobets A Y , Trubnikova E V , Kartashov M I , Belous A S
Published: September 2020

The microencapsulation method developed for the Enzyme-enriched Enzymesporine probiotic additive (crystalline trypsin) belongs to the sphere of biotechnology and veterinary medicine. The method is used to produce an additive with a high bioaccessibility value. It maintains the viability of the probiotic microorganisms without the loss of the primary CFU value of 5.5*109 by changing the precipitator (acetone) concentration to 40%. The results, acquired in the in vitro simulation of the digestive process in the stomach, demonstrated the acid-resistance of the microencapsulated additive exposed to hydrochloric acid and pepsin for 120 minutes under pH from 1.5 to 5.5. The introduction of crystalline trypsin at the amount of 5% of the active pharmaceutical ingredient mass caused qualitative improvement in the digestive activity in the pigs’ intestines. The experiments carried out with the pigs of Genesus genetics provided reliable results of the live weight increment and average daily gain within the period from the 49th to 148th days of life to prove the advantage of the encapsulated Enzyme-enriched Enzymesporine probiotic additive compared to the non-encapsulated analogues or the analogues without enzyme.
Application efficiency of new raw materials in the production of flour confectionery products with increased nutritional value
Authors: Yanova M A , Sharopatova A V , Roslyakov Yu F , Dzobelova V B
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the issues of efficiency in the production of flour confectionery products with increased nutritional value due to the introduction of developed technologies for the production of high-protein flour from wheat grain. A comparison for the norms of quality indicators for three-grade grinding flour and the high-protein fractions isolated from them is made. It was found that the isolation of a high-protein fraction at optimal technological parameters had virtually no effect on the main quality indicators of the main product. Calculations for the production efficiency of flour confectionery products (gingerbread) showed that the profit from the sale of 1 ton of finished developed products is higher than in the production of traditional gingerbread, the profitability of new products was 22.3 %. Adding high-protein flour to the gingerbread recipe increases the nutritional value of the finished product, increases the amount of proteins and B vitamins.
Thiabendazole vs difenoconazole in chemical control of seed-borne toxigenic fungi affecting wheat quality
Authors: Kukushkina K V , Keler V V , Eskova E N , Muchkina E Ya , Khizhnyak S V
Published: September 2020

Two common fungicides: Vial TrasT (60 g/l tebuconazole and 80 g/l thiabendazole) and Oplot (90 g/l difenoconazole and 45 g/l tebuconazole) were tested for effectiveness against seed-borne toxigenic fungi Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. using naturally infected wheat (Triricum aestivum L., cultivar Novosibirskaya-14) seeds collected from the field located near Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Treatment with Oplot statistically significantly reduced Fusarium infection by 10 percentage points (from 31.4% to 21.4%) and statistically significantly reduced Alternaria infection by 25.8 percentage points (from 42.9% to 17.1%). Treatment with Vial TrasT demonstrated no statistically significant effect in reducing infection both for Fusarium and Alternaria. The results demonstrates that populations of Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in Middle Siberia have developed resistance to tebuconazole and thiabendazole, but not to difenoconazole.
Biocenosis of cold-water and warm-water biofilter in recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Nikiforov-Nikishin A L , Nikiforov-Nikishin D L , Kochetkov N I , Tatarenko P Yu
Published: September 2020

This article presents data on the species composition of periphyton organisms in biofilms of cold-water biological filtration systems intended for the cultivation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and warm-water species for the cultivation of (Clarias gariepinus) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Data on the occurrence of certain groups of periphyton organisms are presented, and their role in the process of water purification is indicated. A significant difference in the species composition of biofilter biofilm organisms is shown, depending on: temperature regime and planting density of aquaculture objects. The species composition of aquasysets is similar to that in urban wastewater treatment systems.
Solvent induced charge transport mechanism for conducting polymer at higher temperature
Authors: Moiz S A , Khan I A , Younis W A , Masud M I , Ismail Y , Khawaja Y M
Published: September 2020

To elucidate the response of different solvents such as isopropyl-alcohol (IPA) and acetone for polyaniline-emeraldine-base (PANI), the charge transport mechanism is investigated as a function of temperature in the presence of different solvents. From SEM and XRD characterization, it is noted that each solvent improves the surface smoothness and negligible solvent traces were observed in the final thin-film devices. It is further observed that all devices follow space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) model to define their electrical responses. Conductivity was measured directly through four-probe method, while mobility was estimated from SCLC model and then both conductivity and mobility of PANI are compared with the given solvent at different temperatures. Similarly, it is also realized that the IPA solvent improves conductivity, mobility and degradation of PANI thin-film due to complex behaviour of solvent induced self-organization of molecular chains and reduction of residual traps as a function of temperature.
Large-scale preparation of 22.06% efficiency single-crystalline silicon solar cells with inverted pyramid microstructure through nanostructure rebuilding treatment
Authors: Gu Hongcheng , Guan Zisheng , Liu Yuchen
Published: September 2020

The inverted pyramid microstructures (IPMS) were fabricated jointly by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technology with extremely low concentration of silver ions to formed nanopores and nanostructure rebuilding (NSR) treatment of NH4HF2 solution. The results show nanopores were achieved with the aid of Ag-MACE technology, which diameter was mainly affected by the action of Ag ions, and depth was yet mainly influenced by HF concentration. Textured IPMS single-crystalline silicon (sc-Si) solar cells with the diameter of 1 μm and reflectivity of 8.62% were large-scale prepared. Benefiting from better light-trapping ability, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of IPMS sc-Si solar cells in standard size of 156.75 × 156.75 mm2 achieved 22.06%. Simultaneously, the short-circuit current was increased by 71 mA. This promising technology could become a viable solution for industrial production of highly efficient sc-Si solar cells in the foreseeable future.
Active controlled dual-band unidirectional reflectionlessness by classical driving field in non-Hermitian quantum system
Authors: Yang Hang , Qiu De Xiu , Zou Xin Yu , An Chengshou , Zhang Ying Qiao , Jin Xing Ri
Published: September 2020

We propose a scheme to realize the active controlled dual-band unidirectional reflectionlessness at exceptional points by classical driving field in a non-Hermitian quantum system that consists of two Λ-type three-level quantum dots side coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. We demonstrate that the dual-band unidirectional reflectionlessness can be controlled by appropriately tuning classical driving field, phase shift between two quantum dots, dissipations of two quantum dots, and quantum dot-waveguide coupling strengths. Furthermore, the dual-band unidirectional reflectionlessness spectra with quality factors of ∼375.40 and ∼402.59 can be obtained in the forward and backward directions, respectively.
A straightforward derivation of the four-wave kinetic equation in action-angle variables
Authors: Onorato M , Dematteis G
Published: September 2020

Starting from action-angle variables and using a standard asymptotic expansion, we present an original and coincise derivation of the Wave Kinetic equation for a resonant process of the type

2
↔
2

. Despite not being more rigorous than others, our procedure has the merit of being straightforward; it allows for a direct control of the random phases and random action of the initial wave field. We show that the Wave Kinetic equation can be derived assuming only initial random phases. The random action approximation has to be taken only after the weak nonlinearity and large box limits are taken. The reason is that the oscillating terms in the evolution equation for the action contain, as an argument, the action-dependent nonlinear corrections which is dropped, using the large box limit. We also show that a discrete version of the Wave Kinetic Equation can be obtained for the Nonlinear Schrödinger equation; this is because the nonlinear frequency correction terms give a zero contribution and the large box limit is not needed. In our calculation we do not make an explicitly use of the Wick selection rule.
Ramification of wild automorphisms of Laurent series fields
Authors: Kallal Kenz , Kirkpatrick Hudson
Published: September 2020

Let

K
K

be a complete discrete valuation field with residue class field

k
k

, where both are of positive characteristic

p
p

. Then the group of wild automorphisms of

K
K

can be identified with the group under composition of formal power series over

k
k

with no constant term and

X
X

-coefficient

1
1

. Under the hypothesis that

p
>

b
2

p > b^2

, we compute the first nontrivial coefficient of the

p
p

th iterate of a power series over

k
k

of the form

f
=
X
+

∑

i
≥
1

a
i

X

b
+
i

f = X + \sum _{i \geq 1} a_iX^{b+i}

. As a result, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an automorphism to be “

b
b

-ramified”, having lower ramification numbers of the form

i
n

(
f
)
=
b
(
1
+
⋯
+

p
n

)

i_n(f) = b(1 + \cdots + p^n)

. This is a vast generalization of Nordqvist’s 2017 theorem on

2
2

-ramified power series, as well as the analogous result for minimally ramified power series which proved to be useful for arithmetic dynamics in a 2013 paper of Lindahl on linearization discs in

C

p

\mathbf {C}_p

and a 2015 result of Lindahl–Rivera-Letelier on optimal cycles over nonarchimedean fields of positive residue characteristic. The success of our computation is also promising progress towards a generalization of Lindahl–Nordqvist’s 2018 theorem bounding the norm of periodic points of

2
2

-ramified power series.
β-actin contributes to open chromatin for activation of the adipogenic pioneer factor CEBPA during transcriptional reprograming
Authors: Al-Sayegh M. A. , Mahmood S. R. , Khair S. B. Abul , Xie X. , El Gindi M. , Kim T. , Almansoori A. , Percipalle P.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate that nuclear actin regulates heterochromatin during adipogenesis by mediating Brg1 deposition at specific adipogenic gene loci to ensure binding of the transcription factor CEBPB. This mechanism contributes to CEBPA gene expression during adipogenic transcriptional reprograming.
The Age of the Witness and the Age of Surveillance: Romani Holocaust Testimony and the Perils of Digital Scholarship
Authors: Joskowicz Ari
Published: September 2020

For over half a century, historians have made ample use of witness testimonies. Efforts to preserve the accounts of marginalized people in particular have broadened the range of voices available to us and significantly expanded the field. Yet we have paid too little attention to the potentially disturbing consequences of the creation and distribution of such testimonies. Focusing on the experiences of Romani Holocaust survivors, this essay argues that new practices of surveillance and victim-witnessing developed in tandem, from the mid-twentieth century to the present. Beginning in the 1960s, prosecutors asked Romani survivors to testify about the crimes committed against them under Nazism even as state authorities continued to criminalize and surveil Romanies across Europe. These and related experiences have meant that different Romani witnesses—or potential witnesses—have often had to balance the desire to have their stories heard against the fear of being listened in on. As surveillance becomes increasingly pervasive and as personal information is increasingly monetized, the lessons that European Romanies learned as early victims of targeted policing remain salient for historians today. Despite its potential to empower, victim-witnessing also creates new vulnerabilities—both those we can currently anticipate and those we can’t yet fully imagine.
TEnGExA: an R package based tool for tissue enrichment and gene expression analysis
Authors: Rawal Hukam C , Angadi Ulavappa , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: September 2020

RNA-seq data analysis with rapidly advancing high-throughput sequencing technology, nowadays provides large number of transcripts or genes to perform downstream analysis including functional annotation and pathway analysis. However for the data from multiple tissues, downstream analysis with tissue-specific or tissue-enriched transcripts is highly preferable. However, there is still a need of tool for quickly performing tissue-enrichment and gene expression analysis irrespective of number of input genes or tissues at various fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM) thresholds. To fulfill this need, we presented a freely available R package and web-interface tool, TEnGExA, which allows tissue-enrichment analysis (TEA) for any number of genes or transcripts for any species provided only a read-count or FPKM-value matrix as input. Based on the different FPKM value and fold thresholds, TEnGExA classifies the user provided gene lists into tissue-enriched or tissue-specific transcripts along with other standard classes. By analyzing the published sample data from human, plant and microorganism, we signifies that TEnGExA can easily handle complex or large data from any species to provided tissue-enriched gene list for downstream analysis in quick time. In summary, TEnGExA is quick, easy to use and an efficient tool for TEA. The R package is freely available at https://github.com/ubagithub/TEnGExA/ and the GUI web interface is accessible at http://webtom.cabgrid.res.in/tissue_enrich/.
DiSNEP: a Disease-Specific gene Network Enhancement to improve Prioritizing candidate disease genes
Authors: Ruan Peifeng , Wang Shuang
Published: September 2020

Biological network-based strategies are useful in prioritizing genes associated with diseases. Several comprehensive human gene networks such as STRING, GIANT and HumanNet were developed and used in network-assisted algorithms to identify disease-associated genes. However, none of these networks are disease-specific and may not accurately reflect gene interactions for a specific disease. Aiming to improve disease gene prioritization using networks, we propose a Disease-Specific Network Enhancement Prioritization (DiSNEP) framework. DiSNEP first enhances a comprehensive gene network specifically for a disease through a diffusion process on a gene–gene similarity matrix derived from disease omics data. The enhanced disease-specific gene network thus better reflects true gene interactions for the disease and may improve prioritizing disease-associated genes subsequently. In simulations, DiSNEP that uses an enhanced disease-specific network prioritizes more true signal genes than comparison methods using a general gene network or without prioritization. Applications to prioritize cancer-associated gene expression and DNA methylation signal genes for five cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project suggest that more prioritized candidate genes by DiSNEP are cancer-related according to the DisGeNET database than those prioritized by the comparison methods, consistently across all five cancer types considered, and for both gene expression and DNA methylation signal genes.
Inference of viral quasispecies with a paired de Bruijn graph
Authors: Freire Borja , Ladra Susana , Paramá Jose R , Salmela Leena
Published: September 2020

Motivation

RNA viruses exhibit a high mutation rate and thus they exist in infected cells as a population of closely related strains called viral quasispecies. The viral quasispecies assembly problem asks to characterize the quasispecies present in a sample from high-throughput sequencing data. We study the de novo version of the problem, where reference sequences of the quasispecies are not available. Current methods for assembling viral quasispecies are either based on overlap graphs or on de Bruijn graphs. Overlap graph-based methods tend to be accurate but slow, whereas de Bruijn graph-based methods are fast but less accurate.

Results

We present viaDBG, which is a fast and accurate de Bruijn graph-based tool for de novo assembly of viral quasispecies. We first iteratively correct sequencing errors in the reads, which allows us to use large k-mers in the de Bruijn graph. To incorporate the paired-end information in the graph, we also adapt the paired de Bruijn graph for viral quasispecies assembly. These features enable the use of long-range information in contig construction without compromising the speed of de Bruijn graph-based approaches. Our experimental results show that viaDBG is both accurate and fast, whereas previous methods are either fast or accurate but not both. In particular, viaDBG has comparable or better accuracy than SAVAGE, while being at least nine times faster. Furthermore, the speed of viaDBG is comparable to PEHaplo but viaDBG is able to retrieve also low abundance quasispecies, which are often missed by PEHaplo.

Availability and implementation

viaDBG is implemented in C++ and it is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/bfreirec1/viadbg. All datasets used in this article are publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/bfreirec1/data-viadbg/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Block bootstrap optimality and empirical block selection for sample quantiles with dependent data
Authors: Kuffner T A , Lee S M S , Young G A
Published: September 2020

We establish a general theory of optimality for block bootstrap distribution estimation for sample quantiles under mild strong mixing conditions. In contrast to existing results, we study the block bootstrap for varying numbers of blocks. This corresponds to a hybrid between the sub- sampling bootstrap and the moving block bootstrap, in which the number of blocks is between 1 and the ratio of sample size to block length. The hybrid block bootstrap is shown to give theoretical benefits, and startling improvements in accuracy in distribution estimation in important practical settings. The conclusion that bootstrap samples should be of smaller size than the original sample has significant implications for computational efficiency and scalability of bootstrap methodologies with dependent data. Our main theorem determines the optimal number of blocks and block length to achieve the best possible convergence rate for the block bootstrap distribution estimator for sample quantiles. We propose an intuitive method for empirical selection of the optimal number and length of blocks, and demonstrate its value in a nontrivial example.
A novel analysis of gene array data: yeast cell cycle
Authors: Sirovich Lawrence
Published: September 2020

Many gene array studies of the yeast cell cycle have been performed (Cho RJ, Campbell MJ, Winzeler EA et al. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle. Mol Cell 1998;2:65–73; Orlando DA, Lin CY, Bernard A et al. Global control of cell-cycle transcription by coupled CDK and network oscillators. Nature 2008;453:944–7; Pramila T, Wu W, Miles S et al. The Forkhead transcription factor Hcm1 regulates chromosome segregation genes and fills the S-phase gap in the transcriptional circuitry of the cell cycle. Genes Dev 2006;20:2266–78; Spellman PT, Sherlock G, Zhang MQ et al. Comprehensive identification of cell cycle–regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization. MBoC 1998;9:3273–97). Largely, these studies contain elements drawn from laboratory experiments. The present investigation determines cell division cycle (CDC) genes solely from the data (Orlando DA, Lin CY, Bernard A et al. Global control of cell-cycle transcription by coupled CDK and network oscillators. Nature 2008;453:944–7). It is shown by simple reasoning that the dynamics of the approximately 6000 yeast genes are described by an approximately six-dimensional space. This leads a precisely determined cell-cycle period, along with the quality and timing of the identified CDC genes. Convincing evidence for the role of the identified genes is obtained. While these show good agreement with standard CDC gene representatives (Orlando DA, Lin CY, Bernard A et al. Global control of cell-cycle transcription by coupled CDK and network oscillators. Nature 2008;453:944–7; Spellman PT, Sherlock G, Zhang MQ et al. Comprehensive identification of cell cycle–regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization. MBoC 1998;9:3273–97; de Lichtenberg U, Jensen LJ, Fausbøll A et al. Comparison of computational methods for the identification of cell cycle-regulated genes. Bioinformatics 2005;21:1164–71) several hundred newly revealed CDC genes appear, which merit attention. The present approach employs an adaptation of a method introduced to study turbulent flows (Schmid PJ. Dynamic mode decomposition of numerical and experimental data. J Fluid Mech 2010;656:5–28), “dynamic mode decomposition” (DMD). From this, one can infer that singular value decomposition, analysis of the data entangles the underlying (gene) dynamics implicit in the data; and that DMD produces the disentangling transformation. It is the assertion of this study that a new tool now exists for the analysis of the gene array signals, and in particular for investigating the yeast cell cycle.