bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical biological control of an invasive forest pest: a world perspective of the management ofSirex noctiliousing the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides(Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae)
Authors: Fischbein D. , Corley J.C.
Published: June 2014

Classical biological control is a key method for managing populations of pests in long-lived crops such as plantation forestry. The execution of biological control programmes in general, as the evaluation of potential natural enemies remains, to a large extent, an empirical endeavour. Thus, characterizing specific cases to determine patterns that may lead to more accurate predictions of success is an important goal of the much applied ecological research. We review the history of introduction, ecology and behaviour of the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides. The species is a natural enemy ofSirex noctilio, one of the most important pests of pine afforestation worldwide. We use an invasion ecology perspective given the analogy between the main stages involved in classical biological control and the biological invasion processes. We conclude that success in the establishment, a common reason of failure in biocontrol, is not a limiting factor of success byI. leucospoides. A mismatch between the spread capacity of the parasitoid and that of its host could nevertheless affect control at a regional scale. In addition, we suggest that given its known life history traits, this natural enemy may be a better regulator than suppressor of the host population. Moreover, spatial and temporal refuges of the host population that may favour the local persistence of the interaction probably reduce the degree to whichS. noctiliopopulation is suppressed by the parasitoid. We emphasize the fact that some of the biological attributes that promote establishment may negatively affect suppression levels achieved. Studies on established non-native pest–parasitoid interactions may contribute to defining selection criteria for classical biological control which may prove especially useful in integrated pest management IPM programmes of invasive forest insects.
False Commitments: Local Misrepresentation and the International Norms Against Female Genital Mutilation and Early Marriage
Authors: Cloward Karisa
Published: June 2014

A substantial international relations literature addresses the various ways in which international actors, and the norms they promote, influence state behavior. But less attention has been paid to the influence these actors directly exert at the local level, despite the fact that many transnational campaigns promote norms for which individuals—not states—are the primary transgressors. If individuals behave as some states do, publicly embracing international norms only because they expect a financial or reputational benefit from doing so, then the campaigns have not fully succeeded. But when do individuals engage in real behavior change, and when do they simply change the public image they present to the international community? To begin to address this question, I employ a randomized field experiment to evaluate individuals' willingness to make claims that differ from their true normative commitments. I conducted the experiment in the context of an original 2008 opinion survey about female genital mutilation and early marriage, run in rural Kenya. I find that respondents misrepresent their behavior and intentions, and I supplement these findings with an exploration of causal mechanisms through qualitative interviews.
Reassignment of the land tortoise haemogregarine Haemogregarina fitzsimonsi Dias 1953 (Adeleorina: Haemogregarinidae) to the genus Hepatozoon Miller 1908 (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) based on parasite morphology, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence fragments
Authors: COOK COURTNEY A. , LAWTON SCOTT P. , DAVIES ANGELA J. , SMIT NICO J.
Published: June 2014

Research was undertaken to clarify the true taxonomic position of the terrestrial tortoise apicomplexan, Haemogregarina fitzsimonsi (Dias, 1953). Thin blood films were screened from 275 wild and captive South African tortoises of 6 genera and 10 species between 2009–2011. Apicomplexan parasites within films were identified, with a focus on H. fitzsimonsi. Ticks from wild tortoises, especially Amblyomma sylvaticum and Amblyomma marmoreum were also screened, and sporogonic stages were identified on dissection of adult ticks of both species taken from H. fitzsimonsi infected and apparently non-infected tortoises. Parasite DNA was extracted from fixed, Giemsa-stained tortoise blood films and from both fresh and fixed ticks, and PCR was undertaken with two primer sets, HEMO1/HEMO2, and HepF300/HepR900, to amplify parasite 18S rDNA. Results indicated that apicomplexan DNA extracted from tortoise blood films and both species of tick had been amplified by one or both primer sets. Haemogregarina  fitzsimonsi 18S rDNA sequences from tortoise blood aligned with those of species of Hepatozoon, rather than those of species of Haemogregarina or Hemolivia. It is recommended therefore that this haemogregarine be re-assigned to the genus Hepatozoon, making Hepatozoon fitzsimonsi (Dias, 1953) the only Hepatozoon known currently from any terrestrial chelonian. Ticks are its likely vectors.
Working on Welfare: Findings from a Qualitative Longitudinal Study Into the Lived Experiences of Welfare Reform in the UK
Authors: PATRICK RUTH
Published: June 2014

This paper presents findings from a qualitative longitudinal study into the lived experiences of welfare reform in the UK. The study set out to explore how individuals directly affected by changes to the benefits system experienced and responded to these reforms. A small group of out-of-work benefits claimants were interviewed three times between 2011 and 2013. The research found that ‘getting by’ on benefits often entailed substantial hard ‘work’, which was frequently time intensive, with many participants also engaged in other forms of socially valuable contribution such as caring and volunteering. A strong orientation towards paid employment was evident across most of the sample and fluid movements in and out of work, characteristic of the ‘low-pay, no-pay’ cycle, was quite common. Alongside a discussion of these findings, this paper considers the (mis)match between the government rhetoric of benefits as a ‘lifestyle choice’ and individual lived experiences.
Scars that will not Disappear: Long-term Associations between Early and Later life Unemployment under Different Welfare Regimes
Authors: BRANDT MARTINA , HANK KARSTEN
Published: June 2014

Exploiting retrospective data from the SHARELIFE project, we investigate long-term associations between early and later life unemployment spells of at least six months in a sample of more than 13,000 men and women from eleven European countries. Our findings provide, first, evidence for significant differences in the life-course pattern of unemployment occurrence between welfare state regimes. Second, childhood conditions are shown to bear significant associations with the odds of experiencing periods of unemployment throughout one's employment career. Third, and finally, our analysis confirms previous research in that we provide clear evidence for long-term scarring effects, showing that they are indeed permanent ones, as we observe them even among older workers close to retirement. The paper concludes with a discussion of perspectives for future research.
A persistent method for parameter identification of a seven-axes manipulator
Authors: Neubauer Matthias , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a persistent method for the identification problem of open-chained robotic systems. Based on the Projection Equation, a new, direct method to collect the dynamic and friction parameters in linear form is worked out. However, in this form, linear dependencies in the parameters occur and they are canceled out with the help of the QR algorithm. The obtained linear independent parameters are the base parameters of the system. To ensure a good excitation, the identification is improved by using optimized trajectories defined by Fourier-series, taking also physical constraints into account. The evaluation of the dynamic robot parameters is realized with a least squares error optimization. Furthermore, the result strongly depends on a special choice of weighting matrices for the error. Experimental results for a seven-axes robotic system (standard six-axes industrial manipulator mounted on a linear axis) are presented in detail. Additionally, the influence of temperature effects to base parameter changes is discussed.
Extended transmission of two H5/H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens
Authors: CLAES G. , LAMBRECHT B. , DEWULF J. , van den BERG T. , MARCHÉ S.
Published: June 2014

Transmission experiments are useful for investigating the mechanisms of low pathogenic notifiable avian influenza virus (LPNAI) transmission. In this study, the hypothesis that inoculation-infected chickens are more infectious than contact-infected chickens was tested. To this end, extended transmission experiments with one H5N2 and one H7N1 LPAIV which had previously been characterized in a series of standard transmission experiments were conducted in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. For the H5N2 LPAIV, the infectivity of contact-infected chickens was similar to the infectivity of inoculated chickens. Despite results from a previous study suggesting the H7N1 LPAIV strain to be similarly infectious to SPF chickens as the H5N2 LPAIV strain, the acquisition of contact-infected chickens proved more difficult for H7N1 LPAIV. It was assumed that this might have been a consequence of the length and timing of the exposure period. In conclusion, for LPNAIVs that first seemed equally infectious, short-term transmissibility may vary considerably.
MUSA ARGENTII (MUSACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Gogoi R. , Borah S.
Published: June 2014

Musa argentii Gogoi & Borah (Musaceae), a new species, is described and illustrated from Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh, India based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. Its distribution and habitat are described, and a key to the species is provided.
ARISAEMA MADHUANUM, A NEW SPECIES OF ARACEAE FROM INDIA
Authors: Manudev K. M. , Nampy S.
Published: June 2014

Arisaema madhuanum, a new species of Araceae from the southern Western Ghats, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically allied to Arisaema attenuatum, from which it differs in having subulate neuters on the male spadix, a wide-mouthed spathe tube with the margins dilated into broad auricular extensions, and an erect to arching, oblong-lanceolate spathe limb with a narrow constricted basal region. The new taxon belongs to Arisaema sect. Sinarisaema Nakai.
Classical swine fever in pigs: recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Chander Vishal , Nandi S. , Ravishankar C. , Upmanyu V. , Verma Rishendra
Published: June 2014

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most devastating epizootic diseases of pigs, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The diversity of clinical signs and similarity in disease manifestations to other diseases make CSF difficult to diagnose with certainty. The disease is further complicated by the presence of a number of different strains belonging to three phylogenetic groups. Advanced diagnostic techniques allow detection of antigens or antibodies in clinical samples, leading to implementation of proper and effective control programs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, including portable real-time PCR, provide diagnosis in a few hours with precision and accuracy, even at the point of care. The disease is controlled by following a stamping out policy in countries where vaccination is not practiced, whereas immunization with live attenuated vaccines containing the ‘C’ strain is effectively used to control the disease in endemic countries. To overcome the problem of differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals, different types of marker vaccines, with variable degrees of efficacy, along with companion diagnostic assays have been developed and may be useful in controlling and even eradicating the disease in the foreseeable future. The present review aims to provide an overview and status of CSF as a whole with special reference to swine husbandry in India.
An introduction to systematic reviews in animal health, animal welfare, and food safety
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Sargeant J. M.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we provide an introduction to systematic reviews and discuss the process for conducting systematic reviews in animal health, animal welfare, and food safety. The research synthesis need that can be addressed by a systematic review is discussed. The use of systematic reviews to address questions about intervention effects, etiology, diagnostic tests evaluation and disease burden are discussed. The steps included in a systematic review are described.
Pain management in the neonatal piglet during routine management procedures. Part 2:Grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations
Authors: O'Connor A. , Anthony R. , Bergamasco L. , Coetzee J. , Gould S. , Johnson A. K. , Karriker L. A. , Marchant-Forde J. N. , Martineau G. S. , McKean J. , Millman S. T. , Niekamp S. , Pajor E. A. , Rutherford K. , Sprague M. , Sutherland M. , von Borell E. , Dzikamunhenga R. S.
Published: June 2014

Piglets reared in swine production in the USA undergo painful procedures that include castration, tail docking, teeth clipping, and identification with ear notching or tagging. These procedures are usually performed without pain mitigation. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for pain mitigation in 1- to 28-day-old piglets undergoing these procedures. The National Pork Board funded project to develop recommendations for pain mitigation in piglets. Recommendation development followed a defined multi-step process that included an evidence summary and estimates of the efficacies of interventions. The results of a systematic review of the interventions were reported in a companion paper. This manuscript describes the recommendation development process and the final recommendations. Recommendations were developed for three interventions (CO2/O2general anesthesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and lidocaine) for use during castration. The ability to make strong recommendations was limited by low-quality evidence and strong certainty about variation in stakeholder values and preferences. The panel strongly recommended against the use of a CO2/O2general anesthesia mixture, weakly recommended for the use of NSAIDs and weakly recommended against the use of lidocaine for pain mitigation during castration of 1- to 28-day-old piglets.
THE RIGID SYNTOMIC RING SPECTRUM
Authors: Déglise F. , Mazzari N.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to show that rigid syntomic cohomology – defined by Besser – is representable by a rational ring spectrum in the motivic homotopical sense. In fact, extending previous constructions, we exhibit a simple representability criterion and we apply it to several cohomologies in order to get our central result. This theorem gives new results for rigid syntomic cohomology such as h-descent and the compatibility of cycle classes with Gysin morphisms. Along the way, we prove that motivic ring spectra induce a complete Bloch–Ogus cohomological formalism and even more. Finally, following a general motivic homotopical philosophy, we exhibit a natural notion of rigid syntomic coefficients.
Early-life nutritional programming of longevity
Authors: Vaiserman A. M.
Published: June 2014

Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby ‘programming’ the individual’s health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.
Biodiversity acts as insurance of productivity of bacterial communities under abiotic perturbations
Authors: Awasthi Ashutosh , Singh Mangal , Soni Sumit K , Singh Rakshapal , Kalra Alok
Published: June 2014

Anthropogenic disturbances are detrimental to the functioning and stability of natural ecosystems. Critical ecosystem processes driven by microbial communities are subjected to these disturbances. Here, we examine the stabilizing role of bacterial diversity on community biomass in the presence of abiotic perturbations such as addition of heavy metals, NaCl and warming. Bacterial communities with a diversity gradient of 1–12 species were subjected to the different treatments, and community biomass (OD600) was measured after 24 h. We found that initial species richness and phylogenetic structure impact the biomass of communities. Under abiotic perturbations, the presence of tolerant species in community largely contributed in community biomass production. Bacterial diversity stabilized the biomass across the treatments, and differential response of bacterial species to different perturbations was the key reason behind these effects. The results suggest that biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the stability of ecosystem functioning and acts as ecological insurance under abiotic perturbations. Biodiversity in natural ecosystems may also uphold the ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic disturbance.
Effects of sample treatments on genome recovery via single-cell genomics
Authors: Clingenpeel Scott , Schwientek Patrick , Hugenholtz Philip , Woyke Tanja
Published: June 2014

Single-cell genomics is a powerful tool for accessing genetic information from uncultivated microorganisms. Methods of handling samples before single-cell genomic amplification may affect the quality of the genomes obtained. Using three bacterial strains we show that, compared to cryopreservation, lower-quality single-cell genomes are recovered when the sample is preserved in ethanol or if the sample undergoes fluorescence in situ hybridization, while sample preservation in paraformaldehyde renders it completely unsuitable for sequencing.
Reversing the pump dependence of a laser at an exceptional point
Authors: Brandstetter M. , Liertzer M. , Deutsch C. , Klang P. , Schöberl J. , Türeci H. E. , Strasser G. , Unterrainer K. , Rotter S.
Published: June 2014

When two resonant modes in a system with gain or loss coalesce in both their resonance position and their width, a so-called exceptional point occurs, which acts as a source of non-trivial physics in a diverse range of systems. Lasers provide a natural setting to study such non-Hermitian degeneracies, as they feature resonant modes and a gain material as their basic constituents. Here we show that exceptional points can be conveniently induced in a photonic molecule laser by a suitable variation of the applied pump. Using a pair of coupled microdisk quantum cascade lasers, we demonstrate that in the vicinity of these exceptional points the coupled laser shows a characteristic reversal of its pump dependence, including a strongly decreasing intensity of the emitted laser light for increasing pump power.
Density based visualization for molecular simulation
Authors: Rozmanov Dmitri , Baoukina Svetlana , Tieleman D. Peter
Published: June 2014

Molecular visualization of structural information obtained from computer simulations is an important part of research work flow. A good visualization technique should be capable of eliminating redundant information and highlight important effects clarifying the key phenomena in the system. Current methods of presenting structural data are mostly limited to variants of the traditional ball-and-stick representation. This approach becomes less attractive when very large biological systems are simulated at microsecond timescales, and is less effective when coarse-grained models are used. Real time rendering of such large systems becomes a difficult task; the amount of information in one single frame of a simulation trajectory is enormous given the large number of particles; at the same time, each structure contains information about one configurational point of the system and no information about statistical weight of this specific configuration. In this paper we report a novel visualization technique based on spatial particle densities. The atomic densities are sampled on a high resolution 3-dimensional grid along a relatively short molecular dynamics trajectory using hundreds of configurations. The density information is then analyzed and visualized using the open-source ParaView software. The performance and capability of the method are demonstrated on two large systems simulated with the MARTINI coarse-grained force field: a lipid nanoparticle for delivering siRNA molecules and monolayers with a complex composition under conditions that induce monolayer collapse.
Iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dendritic polyglycerols as selective MRI contrast agents
Authors: Nordmeyer Daniel , Stumpf Patrick , Gröger Dominic , Hofmann Andreas , Enders Sven , Riese Sebastian B. , Dernedde Jens , Taupitz Matthias , Rauch Ursula , Haag Rainer , Rühl Eckart , Graf Christina
Published: June 2014

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) sulfate strongly bind to L- and P-selectin. Shielding of leukocytes reduces cell extravasation and binding to endothelial cells indicate inflammation specificity and thus, applicability as selective MRI contrast agent.
HPLC separation of casein components on a diol-bonded silica column with MALDI TOF/TOF MS identification
Authors: Pomastowski Paweł , Walczak Justyna , Gawin Marta , Bocian Szymon , Piekoszewski Wojciech , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: June 2014

A comparative study has been made of three home-made bonded silica columns for the separation of the components of bovine milk casein (α-, β- and κ-casein).
Photoenolization via excited state double proton transfer induces “turn on” fluorescence in diformyl diaryl dipyrromethane
Authors: Sreedevi K. C. Gowri , Thomas Ajesh P. , Aparna K. H. , Pradhan Renuka , Reddy M. L. P. , Lourderaj U. , Srinivasan A.
Published: June 2014

A light triggered enolization in diformyl diaryl dipyrromethane by excited state dual proton transfer (ESDPT) induces “turn on” fluorescence.
The coordination of lanthanide ions with picolinamide. The influence of different anions
Authors: Xue Jun-Hui , Hua Xiao-Hui , Yang Li-Min , Li Wei-Hong , Xu Yi-Zhuang , Zhao Guo-Zhong , Zhang Gao-Hui , Liu Ke-Xin , Chen Jia-Er , Wu Jin-Guang
Published: June 2014

Four kinds of structures varied with different rare earth ions and anions have been observed for lanthanide–picolinamide complexes.
Coordination polymers derived from pyridyl carboxylate ligands having an amide backbone: an attempt towards the selective separation of CuII cation following in situ crystallization under competitive conditions
Authors: Paul Mithun , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: June 2014

Selective separation of CuII following in situ crystallization of coordination polymers derived from a pyridyl amide carboxylate ligand was achieved.
Structural and electronic properties of organo-halide lead perovskites: a combined IR-spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Mosconi Edoardo , Quarti Claudio , Ivanovska Tanja , Ruani Giampiero , De Angelis Filippo
Published: June 2014

We use CPMD simulations and IR spectroscopy to study hybrid perovskites considering their inherent ionic dynamics and the disorder of methylammonium cations.
Yellow/orange emissive heavy-metal complexes as phosphors in monochromatic and white organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Fan Cong , Yang Chuluo
Published: June 2014

This article reviews the development of the yellow/orange emissive heavy-metal complexes used in organic light-emitting devices.
A-site size effect in a family of unfilled ferroelectric tetragonal tungsten bronzes: Ba4R0.67Nb10O30 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy and Y)
Authors: Gardner Jonathan , Morrison Finlay D.
Published: June 2014

The structure of a family of ferroelectric unfilled tetragonal tungsten bronze oxides can be approximated to be metrically tetragonal allowing a simple correlation of tetragonality with Curie temperature.
Nanolayered manganese oxide/C60composite: a good water-oxidizing catalyst for artificial photosynthetic systems
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Abasi Mahnaz , Tomo Tatsuya , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.
Published: June 2014

We report that nanolayered Mn oxide/C60composites show promising activity toward water oxidation.
Designing metal hydride complexes for water splitting reactions: a molecular electrostatic potential approach
Authors: Sandhya K. S. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H.
Published: June 2014

The molecular electrostatic potential minimum of metal-hydrides (Vmin) is used as a sensitive electronic descriptor to tune H2 elimination reactions.
Primary and recombined emitting species in laser-induced plasmas of organic explosives in controlled atmospheres
Authors: Delgado Tomás , Vadillo José M. , Laserna J. Javier
Published: June 2014

The main difficulties in spectral interpretation of laser-induced plasmas from species containing C, N, O or H rely on the crossroad concerning their origin: direct release from native bonds of the molecule or recombination of atoms and molecular fragments with ambient constituents.
Biosynthesis of natural products containing β-amino acids
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Miyanaga Akimasa , Eguchi Tadashi
Published: June 2014

β-Amino acids are unique components involved in a wide variety of natural products such as anticancer agents taxol, bleomycin, cytotoxic microcystin, enediyne compound C-1027 chromophore, nucleoside antibiotic blasticidin S, and macrolactam antibiotic vicenistatin. The biosynthesis and incorporation mechanisms are reviewed.
Intramolecular oxidative cyclization of alkenes by rhodium/cobalt porphyrins in water
Authors: Yun Lin , Wang Zikuan , Fu Xuefeng
Published: June 2014

Heterocycle construction strategy: intramolecular oxidative cyclization of alkenes was realized by rhodium(iii)/cobalt(iii) porphyrins in water.
Supramolecular self-assembly and photovoltaic property of soluble fluorogallium phthalocyanine
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Yaowen , Wang Laibing , Fujiki Michiya , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Xiulin
Published: June 2014

Fluorogallium tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine (ttbPcGaF) can self-organize into well-ordered cofacial structures to obtain one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular polymers in the solid state using a solution-coating technique. The ttbPcGaF-based BHJ OSC provided a profoundly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.41%.
A few-layer graphene–graphene oxide composite containing nanodiamonds as metal-free catalysts
Authors: Thanh Tung Tran , Ba Housseinou , Truong-Phuoc Lai , Nhut Jean-Mario , Ersen Ovidiu , Begin Dominique , Janowska Izabela , Nguyen Dinh Lam , Granger Pascal , Pham-Huu Cuong
Published: June 2014

Graphene oxide mediated exfoliation of expanded graphite in aqueous solution and incorporated nanodiamonds as metal-free catalysts.
Synthesis and characterization of triptycene-based polyimides with tunable high fractional free volume for gas separation membranes
Authors: Wiegand Jennifer R. , Smith Zachary P. , Liu Qiang , Patterson Christopher T. , Freeman Benny D. , Guo Ruilan
Published: June 2014

Triptycene-containing polyimide membranes with tunable fractional free volume promoting fast gas transport and selective separations.
Graphene oxide nanosheet: an emerging star material for novel separation membranes
Authors: Huang Hubiao , Ying Yulong , Peng Xinsheng
Published: June 2014

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, graphene oxide nanosheets represent an emerging star material for novel separation membranes.
Efficient inverted quasi-bilayer organic solar cells fabricated by using non-halogenated solvent processes
Authors: Chang Jung-Hao , Wang Hsiao-Fang , Lin Wei-Chieh , Chiang Kai-Ming , Chen Kuan-Chen , Huang Wei-Ching , Huang Zheng-Yu , Meng Hsin-Fei , Ho Rong-Ming , Lin Hao-Wu
Published: June 2014

Here we demonstrate the fabrication of novel, “quasi-bilayer” inverted organic photovoltaic devices using halogen-free solvents.
An aggregation-mediated assembly of graphene oxide on amine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres for core–shell structures with controlled electrical conductivity
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Yoo Ji-Beom , Yi Gi-Ra , Lee Youngkwan , Choi Hyouk Ryeol , Koo Ja Choon , Oh Joon-Suk , Nam Jae-Do
Published: June 2014

We present a novel method for regulating the shell thickness of core–shell microspheres consisting of a polymer core and graphene oxide or a reduced graphene oxide shell.
Language and Executive Functions: Self-Talk for Self-Regulation
Authors: Fahy Jill K.
Published: June 2014

Self-talk, particularly privatized, inner speech is used as a tool to support self-regulation. Thus, adequate language is a necessary component for regulatory inner speech. However, behavioral control and planful deliberation is also dependent upon adequate executive function (EF) development. Increasing evidence suggests that children with specific language impairment (SLI) display deficits in more than just language, with differences in various cognitive processes, the use of language for inner speech, and self-regulating EF. Assessment and treatment by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) should account for these variables. In particular, Vygotskian application of hands-on problem solving tasks is suggested to support the intersection of language and EF for planful, self-regulated efforts in children with SLI.
Face tracking based on differential harmony search
Authors: Gao Ming‐Liang , Li Li‐Li , Sun Xian‐Ming , Luo Dai‐Sheng
Published: June 2014

Owing to its significant roles in computer vision applications, human face tracking has drawn extensive attention in recent years. Most researchers solve face tracking using particle filter, meanshift and their derivatives. Unlike the traditional methods, in this study, face tracking is treated as an optimisation problem and a new meta‐heuristic optimisation algorithm, differential harmony search (DHS), is introduced to solve face tracking problems. We compare the speed and accuracy of the proposed method with particle filter, meanshift and improved harmony search. Experimental results show that DHS‐based tracker is faster and more accurate and it is easy to handle the parameters tuning. Furthermore, to improve the reliability of tracking, multiple visual cues are applied to DHS‐based tracking system and experimental results demonstrate the increased robustness achieved by fusing multiple cues.
A series flywheel architecture for power levelling and mitigation of DC voltage transients in multi‐terminal HVDC grids
Authors: Gowaid Islam Azmy , Elserougi Ahmed Abbas , Abdel‐Khalik Ayman Samy , Massoud Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Shehab
Published: June 2014

This study proposes a new architecture of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) which can be implemented at generating unit (GU) level (e.g. wind turbine) or scaled up for application in grid‐side converter (GSC) stations of a multi‐terminal direct current (MTDC) system. The proposed architecture suppresses DC voltage leaps under grid faults, and performs power levelling duty at grid connection points. When implemented at GU level, the proposed FESS features a doubly‐fed induction machine (DFIM) – the flywheel machine – where its six stator winding terminals are connected in series between the grid and the GSC. The flywheel converter is of partial power rating, and is connected to the DFIM rotor. When employed at an MTDC GSC station, several submodules are connected to build an FESS station. The study proposes the control concept and the general topology of the FESS station. The performance parameters of the system are tested under normal and abnormal operating conditions. Results and analyses indicate smooth dynamic operation, the economic advantage and the improved fault ride‐through capability because of the proposed system.
L’hypercondylie : étude qualitative et quantitative du
remodelage des articulations temporo-mandibulaires avant et après
condylectomie
Authors: Rojare Camille , Wojcik Thomas , Coussens Camille , Ferri Joël , Pertuzon Bruno , Raoul Gwénaël
Published: June 2014

Objectif – L’objectif de cette étude rétrospective a été d’évaluer le
remodelage des articulations temporo-mandibulaires (ATM) par tomodensitométrie avant et
après condylectomie dans les cas d’hypercondylie mandibulaire unilatérale.
Matériel et méthode – Le remodelage des ATM a été étudié en comparant
les images pré et postopératoires de dix patients. L’analyse bidimensionnelle a permis une
étude qualitative. L’analyse et les superpositions tridimensionnelles ont permis d’évaluer
les variations de volume en isolant les unités condyliennes. Enfin, les corrélations
radio-cliniques pré et postopératoires ont été étudiées. Résultats – En
postopératoire, tous les condyles opérés ont formé une néocorticale, un épaississement de
la fosse glénoïde a été retrouvé en regard. En moyenne, la condylectomie a permis une
réduction de volume de 43,5 % du côté opéré et de 2,14 % du côté controlatéral. Du côté
sain, la majorité des anomalies observées en préopératoire a disparu après la chirurgie.
Pour deux patients, chez qui la résection condylienne a emporté plus de 80 % du volume
initial, l’ATM saine a été le siège de remaniements importants et de l’apparition d’une
dysfonction, sans retentissement sur la qualité de vie. Conclusion – La
condylectomie induit un remodelage touchant les deux ATM. La condylectomie est le seul
traitement de l’hypercondylie mandibulaire qui permet une action orthopédique et une
élimination de la zone préchondroblastique pathologique. À l’avenir, un diagnostic et une
chirurgie précoces permettraient de limiter l’exérèse au seul foyer pathologique avant
l’installation d’une dysmorphose.
Fracture of the Vomero-Premaxillary Junction in a Repaired Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patient
Authors: Zwahlen RogerArthur , Jayaratne Yasas Shri Nalaka , Htun SuYin , Bϼtow Kurt-Wilhelm
Published: June 2014

Although dental trauma is common in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), patients’ reports on bony fractures of the vomero-premaxillary junction cannot be found. The aim of this report is to illustrate clinical findings and the technique of fracture fixation in a child suffering from a fractured vomero-premaxillary junction as well as subsequent columella lengthening. A 4-year-old girl with a repaired BCLP presented with an open mucosal laceration and fractured vomero-premaxillary junction. Open reduction and fixation of the dislocated premaxilla was performed under general anesthesia. Fractured bone pieces of the vomero-premaxillary junction were removed and sharp bone edges at the vomer and the premaxilla were grinded. The repositioned premaxilla was fixed to the lateral alveolar arches with two mucoperiosteal sutures on each side. Additional columella lengthening was performed 2 years later. All family members were very happy about the new aesthetics of the girl. Although rare, fractures of the vomero-premaxillary junction present several challenges to clinicians related to anatomical, physiological, and psychological issues. Immediate and minimal invasive treatment strategies are recommended when managing such cases.
Full-dimensional diabatic potential energy surfaces including dissociation: The 2E″ state of NO3
Authors: Eisfeld Wolfgang , Vieuxmaire Olivier , Viel Alexandra
Published: June 2014

A scheme to produce accurate full-dimensional coupled diabatic potential energy surfaces including dissociative regions and suitable for dynamical calculations is proposed. The scheme is successfully applied to model the two-sheeted surface of the 2E″ state of the NO3 radical. An accurate potential energy surface for the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm NO}_3^-$\end{document} NO 3− anion ground state is developed as well. Both surfaces are based on high-level ab initio calculations. The model consists of a diabatic potential matrix, which is expanded to higher order in terms of symmetry polynomials of symmetry coordinates. The choice of coordinates is key for the accuracy of the obtained potential energy surfaces and is discussed in detail. A second central aspect is the generation of reference data to fit the expansion coefficients of the model for which a stochastic approach is proposed. A third ingredient is a new and simple scheme to handle problematic regions of the potential energy surfaces, resulting from the massive undersampling by the reference data unavoidable for high-dimensional problems. The final analytical diabatic surfaces are used to compute the lowest vibrational levels of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm NO}_3^-$\end{document} NO 3− and the photo-electron detachment spectrum of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm NO}_3^-$\end{document} NO 3− leading to the neutral radical in the 2E″ state by full dimensional multi-surface wave-packet propagation for NO3 performed using the Multi-Configuration Time Dependent Hartree method. The achieved agreement of the simulations with available experimental data demonstrates the power of the proposed scheme and the high quality of the obtained potential energy surfaces.
A fixed-node Diffusion Monte Carlo study of the 1,2,3-tridehydrobenzene triradical
Authors: Koziol Lucas , Morales Miguel M.
Published: June 2014

The electronic structure of 1,2,3-tridehydrobenzene was investigated using quantum Monte Carlo methods. The radical contains two low-lying electronic states that are nearly degenerate adiabatically (within 2 kcal/mol separation), according to previous coupled cluster calculations. We performed Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations starting from Multi-Reference Configuration Interaction (MRCI) trial wavefunctions, with a complete active space (CAS) containing 9 electrons in 9 orbitals, CAS(9,9). Our converged DMC results are in close agreement with the best coupled-cluster results, and further strengthen the assignment of a 2A1 ground state.
Slab photonic crystals with dimer colloid bases
Authors: Riley Erin K. , Liddell Watson Chekesha M.
Published: June 2014

The photonic band gap properties for centered rectangular monolayers of asymmetric dimers are reported. Colloids in suspension have been organized into the phase under confinement. The theoretical model is inspired by the range of asymmetric dimers synthesized via seeded emulsion polymerization and explores, in particular, the band structures as a function of degree of lobe symmetry and degree of lobe fusion. These parameters are varied incrementally from spheres to lobe-tangent dimers over morphologies yielding physically realizable particles. The work addresses the relative scarcity of theoretical studies on photonic crystal slabs with vertical variation that is consistent with colloidal self-assembly. Odd, even and polarization independent gaps in the guided modes are determined for direct slab structures. A wide range of lobe symmetry and degree of lobe fusion combinations having Brillouin zones with moderate to high isotropy support gaps between odd mode band indices 3-4 and even mode band indices 1-2 and 2-3.
Linear dynamics of the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole in the two-dimensional limit
Authors: Brion V. , Sipp D. , Jacquin L.
Published: June 2014

The dynamics of the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole in the large-wavelength limit is investigated by means of linear analysis. Taking the three-dimensional spectrum of the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole calculated by Billant [“Three-dimensional stability of a vortex pair,” Phys. Fluids 11, 2069 (1999)] as a reference, we first show that additional families of unstable modes are present in the spectrum. Among them, a family of symmetric modes and one of antisymmetric modes, both present in the large-wavelength limit, are the main topic of this investigation. The most unstable modes in these two families being purely two-dimensional, the two-dimensional dynamics is more particularly investigated. Our calculations show that the amplification rate of the antisymmetric instability is significantly larger than that of the symmetric instability. Also, while the two-dimensional symmetric mode is stationary and induces a shift of the dipole toward the upstream or downstream direction relatively to the dipole self-propagation velocity vector, the antisymmetric mode is unsteady and displaces the dipole into wavy oscillations about its initial straight trajectory. The leading physical mechanism of these two-dimensional instabilities is the vortex shedding that occurs downstream of the dipole. This shedding is the reaction of the external flow to the dipole motion and basically enables the conservation of the flow impulse. The destabilizing action of the wake is amplified as the displaced dipole generates more shedding. The dipole motion and the wake thus reinforce each other, leading to the instability. The strain mutually exerted by the vortices of the dipole, known as an essential mechanism of three-dimensional vortex pair instabilities, is also shown to participate to this destabilization.
Vibrational states of a water molecule in a nano-cavity of beryl crystal lattice
Authors: Zhukova Elena S. , Torgashev Victor I. , Gorshunov Boris P. , Lebedev Vladimir V. , Shakurov Gil'man S. , Kremer Reinhard K. , Pestrjakov Efim V. , Thomas Victor G. , Fursenko Dimitry A. , Prokhorov Anatoly S. , Dressel Martin
Published: June 2014

Low-energy excitations of a single water molecule are studied when confined within a nano-size cavity formed by the ionic crystal lattice. Optical spectra are measured of manganese doped beryl single crystal Mn:Be3Al2Si6O18, that contains water molecules individually isolated in 0.51 nm diameter voids within the crystal lattice. Two types of orientation are distinguished: water-I molecules have their dipole moments aligned perpendicular to the c axis and dipole moments of water-II molecules are parallel to the c-axis. The optical conductivity σ(ν) and permittivity ɛ′(ν) spectra are recorded in terahertz and infrared ranges, at frequencies from several wavenumbers up to ν = 7000 cm−1, at temperatures 5–300 K and for two polarizations, when the electric vector E of the radiation is parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. Comparative experiments on as-grown and on dehydrated samples allow to identify the spectra of σ(ν) and ɛ′(ν) caused exclusively by water molecules. In the infrared range, well-known internal modes ν1, ν2, and ν3 of the H2O molecule are observed for both polarizations, indicating the presence of water-I and water-II molecules in the crystal. Spectra recorded below 1000 cm−1 reveal a rich set of highly anisotropic features in the low-energy response of H2O molecule in a crystalline nano-cavity. While for E∥c only two absorption peaks are detected, at ∼90 cm−1 and ∼160 cm−1, several absorption bands are discovered for E⊥c, each consisting of narrower resonances. The bands are assigned to librational (400–500 cm−1) and translational (150–200 cm−1) vibrations of water-I molecule that is weakly coupled to the nano-cavity “walls.” A model is presented that explains the “fine structure” of the bands by a splitting of the energy levels due to quantum tunneling between the minima in a six-well potential relief felt by a molecule within the cavity.
Predicted boron-carbide compounds: A first-principles study
Authors: Wang De Yu , Yan Qian , Wang Bing , Wang Yuan Xu , Yang Jueming , Yang Gui
Published: June 2014

By using developed particle swarm optimization algorithm on crystal structural prediction, we have explored the possible crystal structures of B-C system. Their structures, stability, elastic properties, electronic structure, and chemical bonding have been investigated by first-principles calculations with density functional theory. The results show that all the predicted structures are mechanically and dynamically stable. An analysis of calculated enthalpy with pressure indicates that increasing of boron content will increase the stability of boron carbides under low pressure. Moreover, the boron carbides with rich carbon content become more stable under high pressure. The negative formation energy of predicted B5C indicates its high stability. The density of states of B5C show that it is p-type semiconducting. The calculated theoretical Vickers hardnesses of B-C exceed 40 GPa except B4C, BC, and BC4, indicating they are potential superhard materials. An analysis of Debye temperature and electronic localization function provides further understanding chemical and physical properties of boron carbide.
Plasticity and ultra-low stress induced twin boundary migration in nanotwinned Cu by in situ nanoindentation studies
Authors: Liu Y. , Jian J. , Chen Y. , Wang H. , Zhang X.
Published: June 2014

Nanotwinned metals have rare combinations of mechanical strength and ductility. Previous studies have shown that detwinning occurs in plastically deformed nanotwinned metals. Although molecular dynamics simulations have predicted that fine nanotwins can migrate at low stress, there is little in situ evidence to validate such predictions. Also it is unclear if detwinning occurs prior to or succeeding plastic yielding. Here, by using in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope, we show that a non-elastic detwinning process in nanotwinned Cu occurred at ultra-low indentation stress (0.1 GPa), well before the stress necessary for plastic yielding. Furthermore, the in situ nanoindentation technique allows us to differentiate dislocation-nucleation dominated microscopic yielding preceding macroscopic yielding manifested by dislocation-transmission through twin boundaries. This study thus provides further insights for understanding plasticity in nanotwinned metals at microscopic levels.
Effect of Rayleigh numbers on the evolution of double-diffusive salt fingers
Authors: Singh O. P. , Srinivasan J.
Published: June 2014

This is a transient two-dimensional numerical study of double-diffusive salt fingers in a two-layer heat-salt system for a wide range of initial density stability ratio (Rρ0) and thermal Rayleigh numbers (RaT∼103 − 1011). Salt fingers have been studied for several decades now, but several perplexing features of this rich and complex system remain unexplained. The work in question studies this problem and shows the morphological variation in fingers from low to high thermal Rayleigh numbers, which have been missed by the previous investigators. Considerable variations in convective structures and evolution pattern were observed in the range of RaT used in the simulation. Evolution of salt fingers was studied by monitoring the finger structures, kinetic energy, vertical profiles, velocity fields, and transient variation of Rρ(t). The results show that large scale convection that limits the finger length was observed only at high Rayleigh numbers. The transition from nonlinear to linear convection occurs at about RaT ∼ 108. Contrary to the popular notion, Rρ(t) first decrease during diffusion before the onset time and then increase when convection begins at the interface. Decrease in Rρ(t) is substantial at low RaT and it decreases even below unity resulting in overturning of the system. Interestingly, all the finger system passes through the same state before the onset of convection irrespective of Rayleigh number and density stability ratio of the system.