bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voir l'événement
Authors: Granger Christophe
Published: May 2012

Résumé Appliqué par métier à faire parler les événements passés, l’historien, on le sait, a coutume de procéder avec du récit. Compagnon obstiné des mots, il n’est pas mal inspiré, toutefois, pour saisir tout l’impensé de l’écriture dont il fait profession, d’observer d’autres manières de représenter l’histoire. À ce jeu, le roman graphique offre de sérieuses pistes d’exploration. Quelle capacité ces bandes dessinées pour lecteurs adultes ont-elles de parler d’histoire ? Suivant quels procédés parviennent-elles à articuler une compréhension du passé qui n’est pas celle de l’historien ? Et plus encore, quel genre d’intelligibilité des événements historiques produisent-elles ? Attaché à retracer l’histoire d’un événement fondateur, celui, sombre et mythique, que constitue l’installation de la première colonie anglaise en Virginie (1607) et, à travers elle, la fondation des États-Unis, le Jamestown de Christopher Hittinger (2007) se prête à merveille à cet exercice de subversion des évidences. Loin de tout souci de réalisme, à partir de grandes planches noires et blanches, très denses, il fait travailler le récit, desserre le fil des causalités, fait une place à l’incertitude des hommes, insinue de l’aléa dans la grande récitation de l’événement et réintroduit le point de vue de l’absent. Bref, à partir du récit lui-même, il démythifie l’événement, explore les façons dont les anciens l’ont vu et, à partir des formes de narration qu’il se choisit, interroge les manières de faire exister les événements passés dans le présent.
Impactos recientes de los cambios ambientales en los recursos hídricos superficiales de la cuenca del Duero
Authors: Morán Tejeda Enrique
Published: May 2012

La disponibilidad de recursos hídricos ha sido históricamente un factor limitante de desarrollo en los países de la cuenca mediterránea. Durante las últimas décadas la presión sobre la disponibilidad se ha acentuado debido a los cambios ambientales observados como resultado del desarrollo industrial. En este trabajo se analizan la evolución y variabilidad recientes (1961-2005) de los recursos hídricos superficiales –el caudal en los ríos– en una de las cuencas hidrográficas de mayor entidad de la Península Ibérica, y los factores ambientales responsables de su evolución. Los resultados del trabajo muestran un descenso notable y generalizado en los caudales en la región, acompañado de un cambio en los regímenes fluviales. La evolución del clima, con unas precipitaciones muy variables pero sin tendencias notables a largo plazo, y unas temperaturas en aumento, explica en parte, pero no en su totalidad, el descenso hidrológico. En las cabeceras fluviales se ha detectado un incremento significativo de la cubierta vegetal durante el periodo de estudio, el cual parece estar participando en gran medida en el descenso de caudales. Por otro lado, la regulación por medio de embalses está incrementando en la cuenca y con ello contribuyendo al cambio hidrológico en la región. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen la base conceptual para proyectar la disponibilidad futura de los recursos hídricos en los escenarios de mayor escasez como consecuencia del cambio climático venidero.
Inconsistencias temporales en los patrones espaciales del equivalente de agua en nieve: regresiones entre telemetría de nieve y topografía en la cuenca del río Colorado
Authors: Fassnacht S. R. , Dressler K. A. , Hultstrand D. M. , Bales R. C. , Patterson G.
Published: May 2012

Se analiza la relación entre el equivalente de agua en la nieve (SWE) y 28 variables (27 variables topográficas y otra basada en la densidad del dosel) para la Cuenca del Río Colorado, EE.UU. mediante regresión multivariante. Estas variables incluyen la localización, pendiente y orientación a diferentes escalas, además de variables derivadas para indicar la distancia a las fuentes de humedad y la proximidad a las barreras topográficas, además de las características de las barreras topográficas entre las fuentes de humedad, las áreas de acumulación de nieve y la densidad del dosel. Se utilizaron telemetrías semanales de nieve (SNOTEL) desde 1990 hasta 1999. Las variables más importantes fueron la elevación y la pendiente a escala regional (81 km²). Dada la alta variabilidad estacional e interanual, fue necesario establecer regresiones específicas para cada intervalo disponible de datos. La variación interanual en la relación entre variables topográficas y el SWE se corresponde con la cantidad de nieve acumulada a lo largo de la temporada y el ciclo de El Niño-Oscilación del Pacífico Sur.
Estudio de separación de fases en sistemas líquido-líquido usando LIX 984N en fase orgánica
Authors: Castillo-Segura J. , Biela-Cornejo F. , Navarro-Donoso P.
Published: May 2012

En este trabajo se estudiaron los fenómenos de sedimentación y coalescencia en una dispersión líquido-líquido sin reacción química, la fase acuosa consistió en electrolito de sulfato de sodio 0,25 M y una fase orgánica de extractante característico para el cobre (LIX 984N) diluido en un solvente comercial (shellsol 24 AR). Los fenómenos que dominan la separación de fases han sido estudiados por diversos investigadores, los cuales plantean una serie de modelos para predecir los perfiles de sedimentación y coalescencia. En este trabajo se aplicó un modelo semi-empírico para describir los fenómenos involucrados, variando las siguientes condiciones experimentales: porcentaje de extractante en fase orgánica (5 - 30 % v/v), continuidad de fase (acuosa y orgánica), tiempo y velocidad de agitación (30 - 1.800 s y 400 - 1.200 rpm respectivamente). Los principales resultados muestran que a partir de las 800 rpm de agitación esta variable no presenta influencia en el tiempo de ruptura primario, de la misma forma sobre 180 s de agitación se produce el mismo efecto. La fracción de fase dispersa encontrada en la zona de empaquetamiento fue de 0,74. Para mayores niveles de porcentaje de extractante en fase orgánica aumentó el tiempo de separación de fases al igual que cuando se utilizó la fase orgánica como fase continua en relación a la fase acuosa. Se encontró un ajuste parcial de los datos experimentales en relación a los valores simulados, lo cual es atribuible a dos factores: la inercia inicial del sistema una vez detenida la agitación y la existencia de tiempos diferentes de puntos de inflexión de las curvas de sedimentación y coalescencia. En los diferentes artículos encontrados en literatura asumen que los fenómenos mencionados anteriormente ocurren al mismo tiempo.
Análisis de los transitorios de ruido electroquímico para aceros inoxidables 316 Y – DUPLEX 2205 en NaCl Y FeCl
Authors: Almeraya-Calderón F. , Estupiñán F. , Zambrano R P. , Martínez-Villafañe A. , Borunda T A. , Colás O R. , Gaona-Tiburcio C.
Published: May 2012

En este trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos de las mediciones de ruido electroquímico para diferentes materiales que exhiben corrosión por picaduras. Los transitorios presentados en las series de tiempo en corriente y en potencial, se correlacionan con el análisis superficial de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Las mediciones electroquímicas fueron realizadas a diferentes tiempos de exposición, para obtener una correlación. Los materiales usados fueron los aceros inoxidables 316 y dúplex 2205, inmersos en cloruro férrico (FeCl3) y cloruro de sodio (NaCl) como electrolitos. Los análisis por MEB, muestran que los transitorios observados en las series de tiempo, corresponden realmente con la actividad de la nucleación de picaduras desarrollada sobre la superficie de los electrodos.
Adjuvant-like Effect of Vaccinia Virus 14K Protein: A Case Study with Malaria Vaccine Based on the Circumsporozoite Protein
Authors: Vijayan Aneesh , Gómez Carmen E. , Espinosa Diego A. , Goodman Alan G. , Sanchez-Sampedro Lucas , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. , Zavala Fidel , Esteban Mariano
Published: May 2012

Development of subunit vaccines for malaria that elicit a strong, long-term memory response is an intensive area of research, with the focus on improving the immunogenicity of a circumsporozoite (CS) protein-based vaccine. In this study, we found that a chimeric protein, formed by fusing vaccinia virus protein 14K (A27) to the CS of Plasmodium yoelii, induces strong effector memory CD8+ T cell responses in addition to high-affinity Abs when used as a priming agent in the absence of any adjuvant, followed by an attenuated vaccinia virus boost expressing CS in murine models. Moreover, priming with the chimeric protein improved the magnitude and polyfunctionality of cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells. This fusion protein formed oligomers/aggregates that led to activation of STAT-1 and IFN regulatory factor-3 in human macrophages, indicating a type I IFN response, resulting in NO, IL-12, and IL-6 induction. Furthermore, this vaccination regimen inhibited the liver stage development of the parasite, resulting in sterile protection. In summary, we propose a novel approach in designing CS based pre-erythrocytic vaccines against Plasmodium using the adjuvant-like effect of the immunogenic vaccinia virus protein 14K.
A Multigrid Method for a Model of the Implicit Immersed Boundary Equations
Authors: Guy Robert D. , Philip Bobby
Published: May 2012

Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed boundary method require very small time steps in order to maintain stability. Solving the equations that arise from an implicit discretization is difficult. Recently, several different approaches have been proposed, but a complete understanding of this problem is still emerging. A multigrid method is developed and explored for solving the equations in an implicit-time discretization of a model of the immersed boundary equations. The model problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-dependent singular forces on an immersed boundary. This model does not include the inertial terms or the incompressibility constraint. The method is more efficient than an explicit method, but the efficiency gain is limited. The multigrid method alone may not be an effective solver, but when used as a preconditioner for Krylov methods, the speed-up over the explicit-time method is substantial. For example, depending on the constitutive law for the boundary force, with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method, the implicit method is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method. A very attractive feature of this method is that the efficiency of the multigrid preconditioned Krylov solver is shown to be independent of the number of immersed boundary points.
Power Laws and Skew Distributions
Authors: Mahnke Reinhard , Kaupužs Jevgenijs , Brics Mārtiņš
Published: May 2012

Power-law distributions and other skew distributions, observed in various models and real systems, are considered. A model, describing evolving systems with increasing number of elements, is considered to study the distribution over element sizes. Stationary power-law distributions are found. Certain non-stationary skew distributions are obtained and analyzed, based on exact solutions and numerical simulations.
A Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Continuum and Rarefied Flows II: Multi-Dimensional Cases
Authors: Huang Juan-Chen , Xu Kun , Yu Pubing
Published: May 2012

With discretized particle velocity space, a multi-scale unified gas-kinetic scheme for entire Knudsen number flows has been constructed based on the kinetic model in one-dimensional case [J. Comput. Phys., vol. 229 (2010), pp. 7747-7764]. For the kinetic equation, to extend a one-dimensional scheme to multidimensional flow is not so straightforward. The major factor is that addition of one dimension in physical space causes the distribution function to become two-dimensional, rather than axially symmetric, in velocity space. In this paper, a unified gas-kinetic scheme based on the Shakhov model in two-dimensional space will be presented. Instead of particle-based modeling for the rarefied flow, such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the philosophical principal underlying the current study is a partial-differential-equation (PDE)-based modeling. Since the valid scale of the kinetic equation and the scale of mesh size and time step may be significantly different, the gas evolution in a discretized space is modeled with the help of kinetic equation, instead of directly solving the partial differential equation. Due to the use of both hydrodynamic and kinetic scales flow physics in a gas evolution model at the cell interface, the unified scheme can basically present accurate solution in all flow regimes from the free molecule to the Navier-Stokes solutions. In comparison with the DSMC and Navier-Stokes flow solvers, the current method is much more efficient than DSMC in low speed transition and continuum flow regimes, and it has better capability than NS solver in capturing of non-equilibrium flow physics in the transition and rarefied flow regimes. As a result, the current method can be useful in the flow simulation where both continuum and rarefied flow physics needs to be resolved in a single computation. This paper will extensively evaluate the performance of the unified scheme from free molecule to continuum NS solutions, and from low speed micro-flow to high speed non-equilibrium aerodynamics. The test cases clearly demonstrate that the unified scheme is a reliable method for the rarefied flow computations, and the scheme provides an important tool in the study of non-equilibrium flow.
Numerical Regularized Moment Method For High Mach Number Flow
Authors: Cai Zhenning , Li Ruo , Wang Yanli
Published: May 2012

This paper is a continuation of our earlier work [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 32(2010), pp. 2875-2907] in which a numerical moment method with arbitrary order of moments was presented. However, the computation may break down during the calculation of the structure of a shock wave with Mach number M0≥ 3. In this paper, we concentrate on the regularization of the moment systems. First, we apply the Maxwell iteration to the infinite moment system and determine the magnitude of each moment with respect to the Knudsen number. After that, we obtain the approximation of high order moments and close the moment systems by dropping some high-order terms. Linearization is then performed to obtain a very simple regularization term, thus it is very convenient for numerical implementation. To validate the new regularization, the shock structures of low order systems are computed with different shock Mach numbers.
Extension Of The High-Order Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Cell Vertex Scheme To Solve Time Dependent Diffusion Equations
Authors: Tu Shuangzhang , Skelton Gordon W. , Pang Qing
Published: May 2012

In this paper, the high-order space-time discontinuous Galerkin cell vertex scheme (DG-CVS) developed by the authors for hyperbolic conservation laws is extended for time dependent diffusion equations. In the extension, the treatment of the diffusive flux is exactly the same as that for the advective flux. Thanks to the Riemann-solver-free and reconstruction-free features of DG-CVS, both the advective flux and the diffusive flux are evaluated using continuous information across the cell interface. As a result, the resulting formulation with diffusive fluxes present is still consistent and does not need any extra ad hoc techniques to cure the common “variational crime” problem when traditional DG methods are applied to diffusion problems. For this reason, DG-CVS is conceptually simpler than other existing DG-typed methods.
A Parallel Domain Decomposition Algorithm for Simulating Blood Flow with Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Resistive Boundary Condition
Authors: Wu Yuqi , Cai Xiao-Chuan
Published: May 2012

We introduce and study a parallel domain decomposition algorithm for the simulation of blood flow in compliant arteries using a fully-coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations consisting of a linear elasticity equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a resistive outflow boundary condition. The system is discretized with a finite element method on unstructured moving meshes and solved by a Newton-Krylov algorithm preconditioned with an overlapping restricted additive Schwarz method. The resistive outflow boundary condition plays an interesting role in the accuracy of the blood flow simulation and we provide a numerical comparison of its accuracy with the standard pressure type boundary condition. We also discuss the parallel performance of the implicit domain decomposition method for solving the fully coupled nonlinear system on a supercomputer with a few hundred processors.
An Adaptive Mesh Refinement Strategy for Immersed Boundary/Interface Methods
Authors: Li Zhilin , Song Peng
Published: May 2012

An adaptive mesh refinement strategy is proposed in this paper for the Immersed Boundary and Immersed Interface methods for two-dimensional elliptic interface problems involving singular sources. The interface is represented by the zero level set of a Lipschitz function ϕ(x,y). Our adaptive mesh refinement is done within a small tube of |ϕ(x,y)|≤δ with finer Cartesian meshes. The discrete linear system of equations is solved by a multigrid solver. The AMR methods could obtain solutions with accuracy that is similar to those on a uniform fine grid by distributing the mesh more economically, therefore, reduce the size of the linear system of the equations. Numerical examples presented show the efficiency of the grid refinement strategy.
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Localized Flexible Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Kang Wei , Zhang Jia-Zhong , Feng Pei-Hua
Published: May 2012

A localized flexible airfoil at low Reynolds numbers is modeled and the aerodynamic performance is analyzed numerically. With characteristic based split scheme, a fluid solver for two dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is developed under the ALE framework, coupled with the theory of shallow arch, which is approximated by Galerkin method. Further, the interactions between the unsteady flow and the shallow arch are studied in detail. In particular, the effect of the self-excited vibration of the structure on aerodynamic performance of the airfoil is investigated deeply at various angles of attack. The results show that the lift-to-drag ratio has been increased greatly compared with the rigid airfoil. Finally, the relationship between the self-excited vibration and the evolution of the flow is analyzed using FFT tools.
How the Antimicrobial Peptides Kill Bacteria: Computational Physics Insights
Authors: Chen Licui , Gao Lianghui , Fang Weihai , Golubovic Leonardo
Published: May 2012

In the present article, coarse grained Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulation with implementation of electrostatic interactions is developed in constant pressure and surface tension ensemble to elucidate how the antimicrobial peptide molecules affect bilayer cell membrane structure and kill bacteria. We find that peptides with different chemical-physical properties exhibit different membrane obstructing mechanisms. Peptide molecules can destroy vital functions of the affected bacteria by translocating across their membranes via worm-holes, or by associating with membrane lipids to form hydrophilic cores trapped inside the hydrophobic domain of the membranes. In the latter model, the affected membranes are strongly buckled, in accord with very recent experimental observations [G. E. Fantner et al., Nat. Nanotech., 5 (2010), pp. 280-285].
Parallel Algorithms and Software for Nuclear, Energy, and Environmental Applications. Part II: Multiphysics Software
Authors: Gaston Derek , Guo Luanjing , Hansen Glen , Huang Hai , Johnson Richard , Knoll Dana , Newman Chris , Kae Park Hyeong , Podgorney Robert , Tonks Michael , Williamson Richard
Published: May 2012

This paper is the second part of a two part sequence on multiphysics algorithms and software. The first [1] focused on the algorithms; this part treats the multiphysics software framework and applications based on it. Tight coupling is typically designed into the analysis application at inception, as such an application is strongly tied to a composite nonlinear solver that arrives at the final solution by treating all equations simultaneously. The application must also take care to minimize both time and space error between the physics, particularly if more than one mesh representation is needed in the solution process. This paper presents an application framework that was specifically designed to support tightly coupled multiphysics analysis. The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) is based on the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method combined with physics-based preconditioning to provide the underlying mathematical structure for applications. The report concludes with the presentation of a host of nuclear, energy and environmental applications that demonstrate the efficacy of the approach and the utility of a well-designed multiphysics framework.
High-Order and High Accurate CFD Methods and Their Applications for Complex Grid Problems
Authors: Deng Xiaogang , Mao Meiliang , Tu Guohua , Zhang Hanxin , Zhang Yifeng
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this article is to summarize our recent progress in high-order and high accurate CFD methods for flow problems with complex grids as well as to discuss the engineering prospects in using these methods. Despite the rapid development of high-order algorithms in CFD, the applications of high-order and high accurate methods on complex configurations are still limited. One of the main reasons which hinder the widely applications of these methods is the complexity of grids. Many aspects which can be neglected for low-order schemes must be treated carefully for high-order ones when the configurations are complex. In order to implement high-order finite difference schemes on complex multi-block grids, the geometric conservation law and block-interface conditions are discussed. A conservative metric method is applied to calculate the grid derivatives, and a characteristic-based interface condition is employed to fulfil high-order multi-block computing. The fifth-order WCNS-E-5 proposed by Deng is applied to simulate flows with complex grids, including a double-delta wing, a transonic airplane configuration, and a hypersonic X-38 configuration. The results in this paper and the references show pleasant prospects in engineering-oriented applications of high-order schemes.
On the Volume Conservation of the Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Griffith Boyce E.
Published: May 2012

The immersed boundary (IB) method is an approach to problems of fluid-structure interaction in which an elastic structure is immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. The IB formulation of such problems uses a Lagrangian description of the structure and an Eulerian description of the fluid. It is well known that some versions of the IB method can suffer from poor volume conservation. Methods have been introduced to improve the volume-conservation properties of the IB method, but they either have been fairly specialized, or have used complex, nonstandard Eulerian finite-difference discretizations. In this paper, we use quasi-static and dynamic benchmark problems to investigate the effect of the choice of Eulerian discretization on the volume-conservation properties of a formally second-order accurate IB method. We consider both collocated and staggered-grid discretization methods. For the tests considered herein, the staggered-grid IB scheme generally yields at least a modest improvement in volume conservation when compared to cell-centered methods, and in many cases considered in this work, the spurious volume changes exhibited by the staggered-grid IB method are more than an order of magnitude smaller than those of the collocated schemes. We also compare the performance of cell-centered schemes that use either exact or approximate projection methods. We find that the volume-conservation properties of approximate projection IB methods depend strongly on the formulation of the projection method. When used with the IB method, we find that pressure-free approximate projection methods can yield extremely poor volume conservation, whereas pressure-increment approximate projection methods yield volume conservation that is nearly identical to that of a cell-centered exact projection method.
Numerical Simulation of Free Surface by an Area-Preserving Level Set Method
Authors: H. Sheu Tony W. , Yu C. H.
Published: May 2012

We apply in this study an area preserving level set method to simulate gas/water interface flow. For the sake of accuracy, the spatial derivative terms in the equations of motion for an incompressible fluid flow are approximated by the fifth-order accurate upwinding combined compact difference (UCCD) scheme. This scheme development employs two coupled equations to calculate the first- and second-order derivative terms in the momentum equations. For accurately predicting the level set value, the interface tracking scheme is also developed to minimize phase error of the first-order derivative term shown in the pure advection equation. For the purpose of retaining the long-term accurate Hamiltonian in the advection equation for the level set function, the time derivative term is discretized by the sixth-order accurate symplectic Runge-Kutta scheme. Also, to keep as a distance function for ensuring the front having a finite thickness for all time, the re-initialization equation is used. For the verification of the optimized UCCD scheme for the pure advection equation, two benchmark problems have been chosen to investigate in this study. The level set method with excellent area conservation property proposed for capturing the interface in incompressible fluid flows is also verified by solving the dam-break, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, two-bubble rising in water, and droplet falling problems.
Stability Conditions for Wave Simulation in 3-D Anisotropic Media with the Pseudospectral Method
Authors: Zhang Wensheng
Published: May 2012

Simulation of elastic wave propagation has important applications in many areas such as inverse problem and geophysical exploration. In this paper, stability conditions for wave simulation in 3-D anisotropic media with the pseudospectral method are investigated. They can be expressed explicitly by elasticity constants which are easy to be applied in computations. The 3-D wave simulation for two typical anisotropic media, transversely isotropic media and orthorhombic media, are carried out. The results demonstrate some satisfactory behaviors of the pseudospectral method.
SPEEDUP Code for Calculation of Transition Amplitudes via the Effective Action Approach
Authors: Balaž Antun , Vidanović Ivana , Stojiljković Danica , Vudragović Dušan , Belić Aleksandar , Bogojević Aleksandar
Published: May 2012

We present Path Integral Monte Carlo C code for calculation of quantum mechanical transition amplitudes for 1D models. The SPEEDUP C code is based on the use of higher-order short-time effective actions and implemented to the maximal order p=18 in the time of propagation (Monte Carlo time step), which substantially improves the convergence of discretized amplitudes to their exact continuum values. Symbolic derivation of higher-order effective actions is implemented in SPEEDUP Mathematica codes, using the recursive Schrödinger equation approach. In addition to the general 1D quantum theory, developed Mathematica codes are capable of calculating effective actions for specific models, for general 2D and 3D potentials, as well as for a general many-body theory in arbitrary number of spatial dimensions.
A Full Eulerian Fluid-Membrane Coupling Method with a Smoothed Volume-of-Fluid Approach
Authors: Ii Satoshi , Gong Xiaobo , Sugiyama Kazuyasu , Wu Jinbiao , Huang Huaxiong , Takagi Shu
Published: May 2012

A novel full Eulerian fluid-elastic membrane coupling method on the fixed Cartesian coordinate mesh is proposed within the framework of the volume-of-fluid approach. The present method is based on a full Eulerian fluid-(bulk) structure coupling solver (Sugiyama et al., J. Comput. Phys., 230 (2011) 596-627), with the bulk structure replaced by elastic membranes. In this study, a closed membrane is consid-ered, and it is described by a volume-of-fluid or volume-fraction information generally called VOF function. A smoothed indicator (or characteristic) function is introduced as a phase indicator which results in a smoothed VOF function. This smoothed VOF function uses a smoothed delta function, and it enables a membrane singular force to be incorporated into a mixture momentum equation. In order to deal with a membrane deformation on the Eulerian mesh, a deformation tensor is introduced and updated within a compactly supported region near the interface. Both the neo-Hookean and the Skalak models are employed in the numerical simulations. A smoothed (and less dissipative) interface capturing method is employed for the advection of the VOF function and the quantities defined on the membrane. The stability restriction due to membrane stiffness is relaxed by using a quasi-implicit approach. The present method is validated by using the spherical membrane deformation problems, and is applied to a pressure-driven flow with the biconcave membrane capsules (red blood cells).
Period Multiplication in a Continuous Time Series of Radio-Frequency DBDs at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Wang Yanhui , Wang Dezhen
Published: May 2012

As a spatially extended dissipative system with strong nonlinearity the radio-frequency (rf) dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs) at atmospheric pressure possess complex spatiotemporal nonlinear behaviors. In this paper, the time-domain nonlinear behaviors of rf DBD in atmospheric argon are studied numerically by a one-dimensional fluid model. Simulation results show that, under appropriate controlling parameters, the rf DBD can undergo a transition from single-period state to chaos through period doubling bifurcation with increasing discharge time, i.e., the regular periodic oscillation and chaos can coexist in a long time series of the atmospheric-pressure rf DBD. With increasing applied voltage amplitude, the duration of the periodic oscillation reduces gradually and chaotic zone increases, and finally the whole discharge series becomes completely chaotic state. This is different from conventional period doubling route to chaos. Moreover, the spatial characteristics of rf period-doubling discharge and chaos, as well as the parameter range of various discharge behaviors occurring are also investigated in this paper.
Lattice Boltzmann Finite Volume Formulation with Improved Stability
Authors: Zarghami A. , Maghrebi M. J. , Ghasemi J. , Ubertini S.
Published: May 2012

The most severe limitation of the standard Lattice Boltzmann Method is the use of uniform Cartesian grids especially when there is a need for high resolutions near the body or the walls. Among the recent advances in lattice Boltzmann research to handle complex geometries, a particularly remarkable option is represented by changing the solution procedure from the original “stream and collide” to a finite volume technique. However, most of the presented schemes have stability problems. This paper presents a stable and accurate finite-volume lattice Boltzmann formulation based on a cell-centred scheme. To enhance stability, upwind second order pressure biasing factors are used as flux correctors on a D2Q9 lattice. The resulting model has been tested against a uniform flow past a cylinder and typical free shear flow problems at low and moderate Reynolds numbers: boundary layer, mixing layer and plane jet flows. The numerical results show a very good accuracy and agreement with the exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation and previous numerical results and/or experimental data. Results in self-similar coordinates are also investigated and show that the time-averaged statistics for velocity and vorticity express self-similarity at low Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, the scheme is applied to simulate the flow around circular cylinder and the Reynolds number range is chosen in such a way that the flow is time dependent. The agreement of the numerical results with previous results is satisfactory.
A Numerical Method for Solving Elasticity Equations with Interfaces
Authors: Hou Songming , Li Zhilin , Wang Liqun , Wang Wei
Published: May 2012

Solving elasticity equations with interfaces is a challenging problem for most existing methods. Nonetheless, it has wide applications in engineering and science. An accurate and efficient method is desired. In this paper, an efficient non-traditional finite element method with non-body-fitting grids is proposed to solve elasticity equations with interfaces. The main idea is to choose the test function basis to be the standard finite element basis independent of the interface and to choose the solution basis to be piecewise linear satisfying the jump conditions across the interface. The resulting linear system of equations is shown to be positive definite under certain assumptions. Numerical experiments show that this method is second order accurate in the L∞ norm for piecewise smooth solutions. More than 1.5th order accuracy is observed for solution with singularity (second derivative blows up) on the sharp-edged interface corner.
Numerical Simulation of Compressible Vortical Flows Using a Conservative Unstructured-Grid Adaptive Scheme
Authors: Forestieri Giuseppe , Guardone Alberto , Isola Dario , Marulli Filippo , Quaranta Giuseppe
Published: May 2012

A two-dimensional numerical scheme for the compressible Euler equations is presented and applied here to the simulation of exemplary compressible vortical flows. The proposed approach allows to perform computations on unstructured moving grids with adaptation, which is required to capture complex features of the flow-field. Grid adaptation is driven by suitable error indicators based on the Mach number and by element-quality constraints as well. At the new time level, the computational grid is obtained by a suitable combination of grid smoothing, edge-swapping, grid refinement and de-refinement. The grid modifications—including topology modification due to edge-swapping or the insertion/deletion of a new grid node—are interpreted at the flow solver level as continuous (in time) deformations of suitably-defined node-centered finite volumes. The solution over the new grid is obtained without explicitly resorting to interpolation techniques, since the definition of suitable interface velocities allows one to determine the new solution by simple integration of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation of the flow equations. Numerical simulations of the steady oblique-shock problem, of the steady transonic flow and of the start-up unsteady flow around the NACA 0012 airfoil are presented to assess the scheme capabilities to describe these flows accurately.
The Immersed Boundary Method for Two-Dimensional Foam with Topological Changes
Authors: Kim Yongsam , Seol Yunchang , Lai Ming-Chih , Peskin Charles S.
Published: May 2012

We extend the immersed boundary (IB) method to simulate the dynamics of a 2D dry foam by including the topological changes of the bubble network. In the article [Y. Kim, M.-C. Lai, and C. S. Peskin, J. Comput. Phys. 229:5194-5207,2010], we implemented an IB method for the foam problem in the two-dimensional case, and tested it by verifying the von Neumann relation which governs the coarsening of a two-dimensional dry foam. However, the method implemented in that article had an important limitation; we did not allow for the resolution of quadruple or higher order junctions into triple junctions. A total shrinkage of a bubble with more than four edges generates a quadruple or higher order junction. In reality, a higher order junction is unstable and resolves itself into triple junctions. We here extend the methodology previously introduced by allowing topological changes, and we illustrate the significance of such topological changes by comparing the behaviors of foams in which topological changes are allowed to those in which they are not.
Preconditioners and Electron Density Optimization in Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory
Authors: Hung Linda , Huang Chen , Carter Emily A.
Published: May 2012

Orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) is a quantum mechanical method in which the energy of a material depends only on the electron density and ionic positions. We examine some popular algorithms for optimizing the electron density distribution in OFDFT, explaining their suitability, benchmarking their performance, and suggesting some improvements. We start by describing the constrained optimization problem that encompasses electron density optimization. Next, we discuss the line search (including Wolfe conditions) and the nonlinear conjugate gradient and truncated Newton algorithms, as implemented in our open source OFDFT code. We finally focus on preconditioners derived from OFDFT energy functionals. Newly-derived preconditioners are successful for simulation cells of all sizes without regions of low electron-density and for small simulation cells with such regions.
Stable and Efficient Modeling of Anelastic Attenuation in Seismic Wave Propagation
Authors: Petersson N. Anders , Sjögreen Björn
Published: May 2012

We develop a stable finite difference approximation of the three-dimensional viscoelastic wave equation. The material model is a super-imposition ofNstandard linear solid mechanisms, which commonly is used in seismology to model a material with constant quality factorQ. The proposed scheme discretizes the governing equations in second order displacement formulation using 3N memory variables, making it significantly more memory efficient than the commonly used first order velocity-stress formulation. The new scheme is a generalization of our energy conserving finite difference scheme for the elastic wave equation in second order formulation [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 45 (2007), pp. 1902-1936]. Our main result is a proof that the proposed discretization is energy stable, even in the case of variable material properties. The proof relies on the summation-by-parts property of the discretization. The new scheme is implemented with grid refinement with hanging nodes on the interface. Numerical experiments verify the accuracy and stability of the new scheme. Semi-analytical solutions for a half-space problem and the LOH.3 layer over half-space problem are used to demonstrate how the number of viscoelastic mechanisms and the grid resolution influence the accuracy. We find that three standard linear solid mechanisms usually are sufficient to make the modeling error smaller than the discretization error.
A Class of Hybrid DG/FV Methods for Conservation Laws III: Two-Dimensional Euler Equations
Authors: Zhang Laiping , Liu Wei , He Lixin , Deng Xiaogang
Published: May 2012

A concept of “static reconstruction” and “dynamic reconstruction” was introduced for higher-order (third-order or more) numerical methods in our previous work. Based on this concept, a class of hybrid DG/FV methods had been developed for one-dimensional conservation law using a “hybrid reconstruction” approach, and extended to two-dimensional scalar equations on triangular and Cartesian/triangular hybrid grids. In the hybrid DG/FV schemes, the lower-order derivatives of the piece-wise polynomial are computed locally in a cell by the traditional DG method (called as “dynamic reconstruction”), while the higher-order derivatives are re-constructed by the “static reconstruction” of the FV method, using the known lower-order derivatives in the cell itself and in its adjacent neighboring cells. In this paper, the hybrid DG/FV schemes are extended to two-dimensional Euler equations on triangular and Cartesian/triangular hybrid grids. Some typical test cases are presented to demonstrate the performance of the hybrid DG/FV methods, including the standard vortex evolution problem with exact solution, isentropic vortex/weak shock wave interaction, subsonic flows past a circular cylinder and a three-element airfoil (30P30N), transonic flow past a NACA0012 airfoil. The accuracy study shows that the hybrid DG/FV method achieves the desired third-order accuracy, and the applications demonstrate that they can capture the flow structure accurately, and can reduce the CPU time and memory requirement greatly than the traditional DG method with the same order of accuracy.
Monte Carlo Simulations Of Elastic Scattering With Applications To Dc And High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering For Ti3SIC2
Authors: Geiser Jürgen , Blankenburg Sven
Published: May 2012

We simulate the particle transport in a thin film deposition process made by PVD (physical vapor deposition) and present several models for projectile and tar-get collisions in order to compute the mean free path and the differential cross section (angular distribution of scattered projectiles) of the scattering process. A detailed description of collision models is of the highest importance in Monte Carlo simulations of high power impulse magnetron sputtering and DC sputtering. We derive an equation for the mean free path for arbitrary interactions (cross sections) that includes the relative velocity between the particles. We apply our results to two major interaction models: hard sphere interaction & screened Coulomb interaction. Both types of interaction separate DC sputtering from HIPIMS.
Truncation Errors, Exact And Heuristic Stability Analysis Of Two-Relaxation-Times Lattice Boltzmann Schemes For Anisotropic Advection-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Ginzburg Irina
Published: May 2012

This paper establishes relations between the stability and the high-order truncated corrections for modeling of the mass conservation equation with the two-relaxation-times (TRT) collision operator. First we propose a simple method to derive the truncation errors from the exact, central-difference type, recurrence equations of the TRT scheme. They also supply its equivalent three-time-level discretization form. Two different relationships of the two relaxation rates nullify the third (advection) and fourth (pure diffusion) truncation errors, for any linear equilibrium and any velocity set. However, the two relaxation times alone cannot remove the leading-order advection-d if fusion error, because of the intrinsic fourth-order numerical diffusion. The truncation analysis is carefully verified for the evolution of concentration waves with the anisotropic diffusion tensors. The anisotropic equilibrium functions are presented in a simple but general form, suitable for the minimal velocity sets and the d2Q9, d3Q13, d3Q15 and d3Q19 velocity sets. All anisotropic schemes are complemented by their exact necessary von Neumann stability conditions and equivalent finite-difference stencils. The sufficient stability conditions are proposed for the most stable (OTRT) family, which enables modeling at any Peclet numbers with the same velocity amplitude. The heuristic stability analysis of the fourth-order truncated corrections extends the optimal stability to larger relationships of the two relaxation rates, in agreement with the exact (one-dimensional) and numerical (multi-dimensional) stability analysis. A special attention is put on the choice of the equilibrium weights. By combining accuracy and stability predictions, several strategies for selecting the relaxation and free-tunable equilibrium parameters are suggested and applied to the evolution of the Gaussian hill.
Efficient Deterministic Modelling of Three-Dimensional Rarefied Gas Flows
Authors: Titarev V. A.
Published: May 2012

The paper is devoted to the development of an efficient deterministic framework for modelling of three-dimensional rarefied gas flows on the basis of the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation with the model collision integrals. The framework consists of a high-order accurate implicit advection scheme on arbitrary unstructured meshes, the conservative procedure for the calculation of the model collision integral and efficient implementation on parallel machines. The main application area of the suggested methods is micro-scale flows. Performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a rarefied gas flow through the finite-length circular pipe. The results show good accuracy of the proposed algorithm across all flow regimes and its high efficiency and excellent parallel scalability for up to 512 cores.
Dynamical Motion Driven by Periodic Forcing on an Open Elastic Tube in Fluid
Authors: Lee Wanho , Lim Sookkyung , Jung Eunok
Published: May 2012

We present a three dimensional model of an open elastic tube immersed in fluid to understand valveless pumping mechanism. A fluid-tube interaction problem is simulated by the volume conserved immersed boundary method which prevents the generation of spurious velocity field near the tube and local cluster of the tube surface. In order to explain pumping phenomena without valves, average net flow is measured by changing parameter values such as pumping frequency, compression duration, and pumping amplitude. Some frequencies that make the system reach maximal or minimal net flow are selected to study case by case. We also study the effectiveness of fluid mixing using the Shannon entropy increase rate.
A Review of Residual Distribution Schemes for Hyperbolic and Parabolic Problems: The July 2010 State of the Art
Authors: Abgrall Remi
Published: May 2012

We describe and review non oscillatory residual distribution schemes that are rather natural extension of high order finite volume schemes when a special emphasis is put on the structure of the computational stencil. We provide their connections with standard stabilized finite element and discontinuous Galerkin schemes, show that their are really non oscillatory. We also discuss the extension to these methods to parabolic problems. We also draw some research perspectives.
On Pattern Selection in Three-Dimensional Bénard-Marangoni Flows
Authors: Kvarving Arne Morten , Bjøntegaard Tormod , Rønquist Einar M.
Published: May 2012

In this paper we study Bénard-Marangoni convection in confined containers where a thin fluid layer is heated from below. We consider containers with circular, square and hexagonal cross-sections. For Marangoni numbers close to the critical Marangoni number, the flow patterns are dominated by the appearance of the well-known hexagonal convection cells. The main purpose of this computational study is to explore the possible patterns the system may end up in for a given set of parameters. In a series of numerical experiments, the coupled fluid-thermal system is started with a zero initial condition for the velocity and a random initial condition for the temperature. For a given set of parameters we demonstrate that the system can end up in more than one state. For example, the final state of the system may be dominated by a steady convection pattern with a fixed number of cells, however, the same system may occasionally end up in a steady pattern involving a slightly different number of cells, or it may end up in a state where most of the cells are stationary, while one or more cells end up in an oscillatory state. For larger aspect ratio containers, we are also able to reproduce dislocations in the convection pattern, which have also been observed experimentally. It has been conjectured that such imperfections (e.g., a localized star-like pattern) are due to small irregularities in the experimental setup (e.g., the geometry of the container). However, we show, through controlled numerical experiments, that such phenomena may appear under otherwise ideal conditions. By repeating the numerical experiments for the same non-dimensional numbers, using a different random initial condition for the temperature in each case, we are able to get an indication of how rare such events are. Next, we study the effect of symmetrizing the initial conditions. Finally, we study the effect of selected geometry deformations on the resulting convection patterns.