bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tarefa artística do ato de conhecer: estética, criação e reexistência em Paulo Freire
Authors: De Paula Berino Aristóteles , Dilascio Neves Luciana , De Andrade Lira dos Santos Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Citada em várias passagens da obra de Paulo Freire, a questão estética ou artística está dimensionada como parte fundamental das formulações prático-teóricas da pedagogia freireana. Este trabalho constitui-se a partir de um diálogo a respeito da problematização desta questão estética no pensar de Freire, refletindo as questões implicadas nesta compreensão, assim como a relação que a criação constitui junto à política, à medida que se torna emergente, também em nosso próprio momento político, a necessidade de inventar modos e estratégias pedagógicas a partir da contínua conscientização das questões políticas e socioculturais que nos atingem. As abordagens desenvolvidas sobre o tema em questão constituem como ponto de interseção à íntima relação entre arte, política e educação, e a compreensão da força da dimensão criadora como abertura de possibilidades no campo educacional e das reexistências; como contraponto à política mercadológica do determinismo histórico temporal dos poderes dominantes. Compreende-se que há muito ainda que aprofundar a respeito da questão estética em Paulo Freire, contribuindo com a emergência de novas práticas de luta e criação.
Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Karena Alasan Efisiensi Dengan Adanya Otomasi
Authors: Adhyne Claravia
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new challenge in the working world of the industrial revolution 4.0 is theuse of the internet with the production sector that utilizes sophisticatedtechnology and information. One of the employment problems that arose asa result of the industrial revolution 4.0 was caused by automation. Thisoccurs when the employer terminates the employment of the worker. Thepurpose of this is to see and analyze whether employers can terminateworkers on the grounds of efficiency due to automation and to see legalprotection for workers who experience termination of employment due toefficiency reasons due to automation. The research method used is anormative legal research method. The final result of this research is to seeklegal certainty for workers as a result of the termination of employment dueto efficiency reasons with automation.Keywords: Inustrial Revolution 4.0; Work Termination; Automation.AbstrakTantangan baru didalam dunia kerja revolusi industri 4.0 berupapemanfaatan internet dengan bidang produksi yang memanfaatkankecanggihan teknologi dan informasi. Masalah ketenagakerjaan yangmuncul akibat dari adanya revolusi industri 4.0 salah satunya disebabkanoleh otomasi. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya pemutusan hubungankerja yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha terhadap pekerja. Tujuan daripenulisan ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa apakah pengusaha dapatmelakukan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja terhadap pekerja dengan alasanefisiensi karena adanya otomasi dan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukumbagi pekerja yang mengalami Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja karena alasanefisiensi dengan adanya otomasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahmetode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil akhir penelitian ini untuk mencarikepastian hukum bagi para pekerja sebagai akibat dari adanya pemutusanhubungan kerja karena alasan efisiensi dengan adanya otomasi.Kata Kunci: Revolusi Industri 4.0; Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja; Otomasi.
Hak Atas Status Kewarganegaraan Indonesia Bagi Anak Keturunan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Undocumented yang Lahir di Malaysia
Authors: Santoso Debrita Yanieta
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe State has responsibility to protect Human Rights of its citizen. Based on Maximun Protecting Principle, the state has obligation to protect its citizens abroad. One of the vulnerable groups in Human Rights concept is children. In this article will be disscussed about state responsibility to rights to Indonesia citizenship for Child of Undocumented Indonesian Migrant Worker in Malaysia. Therefore, will be disscussed about legal consequences of state responsibility to rights to Indonesia citizenship for Child of Undocumented Indonesian Migrant Worker in Malaysia. The Type of reasearch is doctrinal reasearch, which use statute approach and conceptual approach. The forming of responsibility is given by state is discretion to rehabilitate status of Indonesian Migrant Worker and for Child is given Indonesia Citizenship. The legal consequences that appear of state responsibility, The first is the rights and obligations for Indonesian Migrant Worker is arise. The second is the rights and obligation of the child is arise, then she has the same rights and obligation such as Indonesian citizen’s child. Keywords: State Responsibility; Rights to Citizenship; Child’s Rights; Undocumented; DiscretionAbstrakNegara mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia yang dimiliki warga negaranya. Berdasarkan asas perlindungan maksimum, negara wajib melindungi warga negaranya meskipun berada di luar negeri. Salah satu kelompok rentan dalam konsep Hak Asasi Manusia yaitu anak. Dalam hal ini akan dibahas mengenai tanggung jawab negara terhadap hak atas status kewarganegaraan Indonesia bagi anak dari pekerja migran yang berstatus undocumented di Malaysia. Selain itu, dibahas pula mengenai akibat hukum atas tanggung jawab negara dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak dari pekerja migran tersebut. Tipe penelitian yaitu doctrinal research, yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Bentuk tanggung jawab yang dapat diberikan oleh negara yaitu diskresi untuk memulihkan status Ibu yang undocumented dan Anak untuk diberikan kewarganegaraan Indonesia. Akibat hukum yang timbul atas tanggung jawab tersebut yang pertama yaitu lahir hak dan kewajiban bagi Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Kedua, lahir hak dan kewajiban dari Anak tersebut kemudian mempunyai hak dan kewajiban yang sama dengan anak Warga Negara Indonesia lainnya. Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab Negara; Hak status Kewarganegaraan; Hak-Hak Anak; Undocumented; Diskresi
Seasonal Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Biomasses of Microorganisms in Arable Mollisols Affected by Different Tillage Systems
Authors: Kravchenko Yuriy , Zhang Xingyi , Song Chun-yu , Hu Wei , Yarosh Anna , Voitsekhivska Olena
Published: February 2022

Tillage has been reported to induce seasonal changes of organic carbon (Сmicro) and nitrogen (Nmicro) in biomass of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms execute such ecosystem functions as: it is an immediate sink of labile biophil elements; it is an agent of a conversion, catalysis and synthesis of humus substances; it transforms soil contaminants into non-hazardous wastes; it participates in soil aggregation and pedogenesis as a whole. However, the seasonal turnover of microorganisms on arable lands in temperate ecosystems has not been investigated on a relevant level. Hence, we aimed to study the dynamics of such soil microbial biomass patterns as: Сmicro, Nmicro, microbial index (MI = (Сmicro/CTOC)·100, %) and CO2-C emission on the background of 9 years of tillage and 22 years of abandoned (Ab) and fallow (F) usage. Our study was conducted on a long-term experimental site on a Mollisol in the northeast China. The maximum Сmicro and Nmicro content was found: at the beginning of the growing season – in 0-10-; in mid-July – in 20-40 cm layers, while the minimum – in August-October. The Сmicro content ranged from 577.79- and 381.79 mg-1 kg-1 under Ab in spring to 229.53- and 272.86 mg-1 kg-1 in autumn under CT (conventional tillage) and F in 0-10- and 10-20 cm layers, respectively. The amplitude of Nmicro content changes was several times lower comparatively to Сmicro. The smallest quartile range (IQR0.25-0.75) of such changes was under: no-till (NT) and Ab in 0-10-, NT and F – in 10-20- and CT - in 20-40 cm layers. The widest Сmicro : Nmicro ratio was found at F and CT – in 0-20- and CT and rotational tillage (Rot) – in 20-40 cm layers. MI dynamics resembled the trends of Сmicro and Nmicro and changed from 0.72  0.168- tо 2.00  0,030 %. The highest part of Сmicro in CTOC was at Ab (1.82  1.85 %) and NT (1.66  1.52 %) – in 0-10-; Ab (1.23  1.27 %) and NT (1.29  1.32 %) – in 10-20- and – Ab (1.19  1.09 %) and F (1.11  1.077 %) – in 20-40 cm layers, correspondingly. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Сmicro and CTOC increased from the upper 0-10- to the lower 20-40 cm layer, it was "strong" and "high" between Сmicro and CTOC. Different use of Mollisol affected the amplitude of Сmicro and Nmicro seasonal changes, but it didn’t change their trend. Our results suggest the key role of Ab and NT technologies in Сmicro accumulation in total organic carbon (TOC).
Cyclic Oxidation Properties of the Near Nanocrystalline AlCrFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Applied by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Technique
Authors: Ghadami Farzin , Davoudabadi Mohammad Amin , Ghadami Soheil
Published: February 2022

Microcrystalline and near nanocrystalline AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were applied on Inconel 718 superalloy using air plasma spraying (APS) process. High-temperature oxidation behavior of the microcrystalline and near nanocrystalline AlCrFeCoNi HEA coated superalloy were examined at 110°C under the air atmosphere for 50 cycles under cyclic heating and cooling (1 h for each cycle). The oxidation kinetics of both nanocrystalline and microcrystalline coated superalloy was accordingly analyzed by weight change measurement. It was noticed that the uncoated and coated followed the parabolic rate law of the oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and elemental mapping techniques were used to analyze the oxidized coated and uncoated samples. In the HEA coated superalloy, Fe, Ni, Co, and Al were oxidized in the inter-splat region, whereas the splats which consist mainly of Ni and Cr remained unoxidized. Because of the formation of compact and adhesive thin NiO, CoO oxides, and spinels together with the Al2O3 oxide scale on the surface of the coating during oxidation, the developed nanocrystalline HEA coating shows better oxidation resistance than the microcrystalline HEA coating.
Immunologic and Neuroinflammatory Bases of Epileptogenesis: Personalized Therapeutic Options
Authors: Aguilar-Castillo Maria Jose , Cabezudo-García Pablo , Ciano-Petersen Nicolas Lundahl , Garcia-Martin Guillermina , Marin-Gracia Marta , Estivill-Torrús Guillermo , Serrano-Castro Pedro Jesús
Published: February 2022

Background: Immunologic and neuro-inflammatory pathways have been found to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders such as epilepsy, proposing the use of novel therapeutic strategies. In the era of personalized medicine and in the face of the exhaustion of anti-seizure therapeutic resources it is worth looking at the current or future possibilities that neuroimmunomodulator or anti-inflammatory therapy can offer us in the management of patients with epilepsy. Methods: We performed a narrative review on the recent advances on the basic epileptogenic mechanisms related to the activation of immunity or neuroinflammation with special attention to current and future opportunities for novel treatments in epilepsy. Results: Neuroinflammation can be considered a universal phenomenon and occurs in structural, infectious, post-traumatic, autoimmune, or even genetically based epilepsies. The emerging research developed in recent years has allowed us to identify the main molecular pathways in-volved in these processes. These molecular pathways could constitute future therapeutic targets for epilepsy. Conclusions: Different drugs current or in development have demonstrated their capacity to inhibit or modulate molecular pathways involved in the immunologic or neuroinflammatory mechanisms described in epilepsy. Some of them should be tested in the future as possible antiepileptic drugs.
Weak Deflection Angle and Greybody Bound of Magnetized Regular Black Hole
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Riaz Sibgha , Övgün Ali
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we examine the weak deflection angle and greybody factor of magnetized regular black hole. We implement the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on magnetized regular black hole to get the deflection angle. Moreover, we analyze the influence of plasma and non-plasma mediums on deflection angle of magnetized regular black hole. We observe the graphical behaviour of plasma and non-plasma mediums on deflection angle of magnetized regular black hole. Lastly, we study the rigorous bound phenomenon of the greybody factor of magnetized regular black hole. For this purpose we calculate greybody factor results and analyze the graphical behaviour of greybody bound for the different values of the parameters.
Preclinical Studies of Granulysin-Based Anti-Tn Immunotoxins as a New Antitumoral Treatment
Authors: Guerrero-Ochoa Patricia , Ibáñez-Pérez Raquel , Berbegal-Pinilla Germán , Aguilar Diederich , Marzo Isabel , Corzana Francisco , Conde Blanca , Raso Javier , Hurtado-Guerrero Ramón , Anel Alberto
Published: February 2022

Two granulysin (GRNLY) based immunotoxins were generated, one containing the scFv of the SM3 mAb (SM3GRNLY) and the other the scFv of the AR20.5 mAb (AR20.5GRNLY). These mAb recognize different amino acid sequences of aberrantly O-glycosilated MUC1, also known as the Tn antigen, expressed in a variety of tumor cell types. We first demonstrated the affinity of these immunotoxins for their antigen using surface plasmon resonance for the purified antigen and flow cytometry for the antigen expressed on the surface of living tumor cells. The induction of cell death of tumor cell lines of different origin positive for Tn antigen expression was stronger in the cases of the immunotoxins than that induced by GRNLY alone. The mechanism of cell death induced by the immunotoxins was studied, showing that the apoptotic component demonstrated previously for GRNLY was also present, but that cell death induced by the immunotoxins included also necroptotic and necrotic components. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo tumor targeting by the immunotoxins after systemic injection using a xenograft model of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma CAPAN-2 in athymic mice. While GRNLY alone did not have a therapeutic effect, SM3GRNLY and AR20.5GRNLY reduced tumor volume by 42 and 60%, respectively, compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice, although the results were not statistically significant in the case of AR20.5GRNLY. Histological studies of tumors obtained from treated mice demonstrated reduced cellularity, nuclear morphology compatible with apoptosis induction and active caspase-3 detection by immunohistochemistry. Overall, our results exemplify that these immunotoxins are potential drugs to treat Tn-expressing cancers.
Effect of Addition Level of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma domestica) in Diet on Growth Performance of Crossbred Rabbit
Authors: Pujiawati Yusti , Budiari Ni Luh Gede , Yasa I Made Rai
Published: February 2022

The use of feed additive of turmeric powder aimed to improve the growth performances of rabbits. Conducted this research in the Riang Gede Village, Penebel District, Bali Province, in July-October 2018. The rabbit used were 20 aged 8-week-old male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White and Local Rabbits). The design experimental used was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications with details of treatment, namely ration without turmeric powder (P0), ration with 0.5% turmeric powder (P1), ration with 1% turmeric powder (P2), ration with 1.5% turmeric powder (P3). The parameters observed were daily weight gain, final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Turmeric powder has a positive impact on feed intake, daily body weight gain, FCR, and final body weight of rabbits. The addition of 1.5% turmeric powder had the highest feed intake at first and third-month research 72.98 g/head/day and 106.26 g/head/day. The turmeric powder of 1.5% in ration had the greatest feed conversion ratio of 3.85 with a final body weight of 1902.2 g/head.
Profitability of the Three Types of Smallholder Pig Farming in Indonesia: An Adaptation of Enterprise Budgeting Method
Authors: Keraru Ester Nurani , Harianto Harianto , Yusalina Yusalina
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the production cost structure and to measure the profitability of three types of smallholder pig farming, namely farrow-to-finish, pig-finishing, and pig-nursery in Indonesia. This study employed the data from the Statistics Indonesia-Livestock Business Household Survey (ST2013-STU). The measurement of profitability was carried out by calculating the profitability of three types of pig farming business using the adapted enterprise budgeting method. Based on the production cost structure, the percentage of pig feed costs accounted for more than 70% of the total cash of the three types of pig farming. The percentage of unpaid labor costs is more than 50% of the total non-cash. Based on the measurement results of the profitability indicators, it can be shown that the pig-finishing  type has the highest profitability among the three types of smallholder pig farming. Government policies are needed to increase pig farmers' access to financing and better pig farming technology.
Minimal Clinically Important Changes in HOOS-12 and KOOS-12 Scores Following Joint Replacement
Authors: Soh Sze-Ee , Harris Ian A. , Cashman Kara , Heath Emma , Lorimer Michelle , Graves Stephen E. , Ackerman Ilana N.
Published: February 2022

Background:

For patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to provide meaningful information to support clinical care, we need to understand the magnitude of change that matters to patients. The aim of this study was to estimate minimal clinically important changes (MCICs) for the 12-item Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS-12) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-12) among people undergoing joint replacement for osteoarthritis.

Methods:

Individual-level data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry’s pilot PROMs program were used for this analysis. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative HOOS-12 and KOOS-12 domain and summary impact scores plus a rating of patient-perceived change after surgery (on a 5-point scale ranging from “much worse” to “much better”) were available. Three anchor-based approaches—mean change, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) based on Youden’s J statistic, and predictive modeling using a binary logistic regression model—were used to calculate MCICs based on patient-perceived change.

Results:

Data were available for 1,490 patients treated with total hip replacement (THR) (mean age, 66 years; 54% female) and 1,931 patients treated with total knee replacement (TKR) (mean age, 66 years; 55% female). Using the mean change method, the MCIC ranged from 24.0 to 27.5 points for the HOOS-12 and 17.5 to 21.8 points for the KOOS-12. The ROC analyses generated comparable MCIC values (28.1 for HOOS-12 and a range of 15.6 to 21.9 for KOOS-12) with high sensitivity and specificity. Lower estimates were derived from predictive modeling following adjustment for the proportion of improved patients (range, 15.7 to 19.2 for HOOS-12 and 14.2 to 16.5 for KOOS-12).

Conclusions:

We report MCIC values for the HOOS-12 and KOOS-12 instruments that we derived using 3 different methods. As estimates obtained using predictive modeling can be adjusted for the proportion of improved patients, these may be the most clinically applicable. These MCIC values can be used to interpret important changes in pain, function, and quality of life from the patient’s perspective.

Levels of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
HETEROPODY INDEX: A SQUARE PEG IN A ROUND HOLE?
Authors: STRICKSON E. CATHERINE
Published: February 2022

Heteropody Index (HI) is a tool used to calculate area differences between the manus and pes of fossil trackways. HI uses a simple length × width calculation to estimate area. However, since most foot impressions are rarely close to square in shape, HI using a different area calculation could potentially more accurately reflect differences in manus and pes foot area. In this study, accuracy of length × width (L×W) as an area estimate for basic shapes and animal footprints, was tested against two other area calculations, the area of a circle: πr2, and length × carpal width (L×CW) (the width at the most proximal point of the foot in contact with the ground). In addition, accuracy of HI calculations using these methods was tested against HI calculations using actual area of the corresponding shape or underfoot area. It was discovered that in general L×W is a better estimate for area than πr2, in most animals except ungulates. However, for those animals where L×W was a better estimate than πr2, L×CW was more accurate. This paper additionally proposes that by combining the findings of these tests with those of Strickson et al. (2019), foot area estimates for dinosaurs can be estimated more accurately using L×CW, to return an area close to estimates for soft tissue. Previous HI measurements may have overestimated extreme heteropody in sauropod dinosaurs.
Heatwaves and Health Risks in The Northern Part of Senegal: Analysing The Distribution of Temperature Related Diseases and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Sy ibrahima , Cissé Birane , Ndao Babacar , Touré Mory , Diouf Abdoul Aziz , Sarr Mamadou Adama , Ndiaye Ousmane , Ndiaye Youssoupha , Badiane Daouda , Lalou Richard , Janicot Serge , Ndione Jacques-André
Published: February 2022

Backgrond: The Sahelian zone of Senegal is marked by heatwave events due to temperatures increase especially in 2013 exceeding 45 ° C with an impact on morbidity and mortality rise. In order to document health impacts of recurrent extreme temperatures in this part of the country, a study was carried out combining heatwaves detection, occurrence of climate-sensitive diseases and risk factors for exposure.Methods: To do this, a set of climatic (temperatures) and health (morbidity, mortality) data were collected for April, May and June season from 2009 to 2019. These data were complemented by surveys on exposure risk factors of 1246 households. Statistical methods were used to carry out univariate and bivariate analyzes while cartographic techniques allowed visualization of the main climatic and health indicators.Results: The results show an increase in temperatures compared to seasonal normal for the 1971-2000 reference period with threshold exceedances of the 90th percentiles (42°C) for the maxima and (27°C) the minima and higher temperatures during the months of May and June. From health perspective, it was noted an increase in cases of consultation on health facilities as well as a rise in declared morbidity by households especially in the departments of Kanel (17.7%), Ranérou (16.1 %), Matam (13.7%) and Bakel (13.7%). The heatwaves of May 2013 were also associated with cases of death with a reported mortality (observed by medical staff) of 12.4% unevenly distributed according to the departments with a higher number of deaths in Matam (25, 2%) and in Bakel (23.5%) than in Podor (8.4%) and Kanel (0.8%). The morbidity and mortality distribution according to gender shows that women (57%) were more affected than men (43%). These health risks have been associated with a number of factors including age, access to drinkable water, type of fuel, type of housing and construction materials, existence of fan, an air conditioner, health antecedents, etc.Conclusion: The heatwaves recurrence has led to an upsurge in certain diseases sensitive to rising temperatures, which is increasingly a public health issue in the Sahelian zone of Senegal.
Influence of coronal-morphology of endplate and intervertebral space to cage subsidence and fusion following oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Zeng Jiancheng , XIE Tianhang , Pu Liming , Zhao Long , Lu Yufei , Yang Zhiqiang , Yang Xiandi , Song Yueming
Published: February 2022

Background: The morphology of endplate was considered to be one of the influencing factors of Cage subsidence after lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). Previous radiographic evaluations on endplate mostly used sagittal X-ray or MRI. Whereas, there are few studies on the CT evaluation of endplate and intervertebral space (IVS), especially the evaluation of coronal morphology and its influence on subsidence and fusion after LIF. We aimed to measure and classify the shapes of the endplate and IVS using coronal CT imaging and evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of different shapes of the endplate/IVS following oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF).Methods：A total of 137 patients who underwent L4-5 OLIF combined with anterolateral fixation from June 2018 to June 2020 were included. The endplate concavity depth (ECD) was measured on the preoperative coronal CT image. According to ECD, the endplate was classified as flat (< 2 mm), shallow (2-4 mm), or deep (> 4 mm). The L4-5 IVS was further classified according to endplate type. The disc height (DH), DH changes，subsidence rate, fusion rate, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in different endplate/IVS shapes were evaluated during 1-year follow up. Results: The ECD of L4 inferior endplate (IEP) was significantly deeper than that of L5 superior endplate (SEP) (4.20±1.07 vs 1.63±0.83, P < 0.001). Four types of L4-5 IVS were identified: shallow-shallow (16, 11.68%), shallow-flat (45, 32.85%), deep-shallow (32, 23.36%), and deep-flat (44, 32.12%). A total of 45 (32.85%) cases of cage subsidence were observed. Only one (6.25%) subsidence occurred in the shallow-shallow group，which was significantly lower than in the other three groups (19 shallow-flat, 6 deep-shallow, and 19 deep-flat ) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile，the shallow-shallow group had the highest fusion rate (15, 93.75%) and the highest rate of reach minimal clinically important difference (MCID) ODI among the four types. The shape of L4 IEP mainly affects the final fusion rate, which is higher in the shallow shape than deep ( OR=2.845, p=0.034). Conversely, L5 SEP mainly affects the rate of cage subsidence, which was flat shape higher than shallow (OR=4.364, p=0.001).Conclusion: The L4-5 IVS is an irregular shape that tends to be fornix-above and flat-down on coronal CT view. The shallow-shallow IVS has the lowest subsidence rate and best fusion result, which is possibly because it has a relatively good degree in matching either the upper or lower interface of the cage and endplates. These findings provide a basis for the further improvements in the design of the OLIF cage.
The association between depressive symptom scores, plasma C-reactive protein levels and postoperative length of stay in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Ivankovic Stjepan , Coric Vedran , Paic Frane , Peles Alma Mihaljevic , Svagusa Tomo , Kalamar Viktor , Petričević Mate , Biocina Bojan
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the association of preoperative depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with postoperative recovery time of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). MethodsThe study included 212 elective CABG patients subdivided into two groups based on the presence or absence of preoperative depressive symptoms measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the PRIME-MD/PHQ-9 test score. The CRP was measured before surgery, and sequentially (1-6 days postoperatively) during the patient's in-hospital stay. Three summary scores of postoperative CRP response were generated: I) “early” (1-3) II) “persistent” (3-6) and III) “overall” (1-6 postoperative day). ResultsCABG patients with longer postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS > 7 days) have significantly higher total BDI-II (P = 0.014), and CRP measured on days 3 (P = 0.009), 4 (P = 0.001), 5 (P = 0.001), and 6 (P = 0.001) postoperatively, as well as higher “persistent” (P < 0.001) and “overall” (P = 0.004) CRP response. Association of “persistent” and “overall” CRP response to longer postoperative hospital LOS was also confirmed by binary logistic regression analysis. Patients with longer hospital LOS also had lower (P = 0.001) preoperative hemoglobin, a higher EuroSCORE II (P < 0.001), longer ventilation time (P = 0.016), and prolonged intensive care unit length of stay (P = 0.022) when compared to the group with shorter postoperative LOS (< 7 days). Significantly lower preoperative hemoglobin levels (P = 0.044), higher EuroSCORE II (P < 0.001), and longer ventilation time (P = 0.029) was also recorded among patients with elevated depressive symptoms (BDI-II >13). ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are associated with higher operative risk expressed by calculating EuroSCORE II value, longer postoperative hospital LOS, higher preoperative and on the first postoperative day CRP values. There is also a positive correlation with the former and smoking, a slightly lower ejection fraction and significant anemia. A higher CRP on and after the third postoperative day is a positive predictor of an increase in length of postoperative hospital stay. Clinically compromised elderly CABG patients with pronounced comorbidities and female CABG patients were more prone to preoperative depression.
Analysis on the detection rate of Giardia lamblia in children of Sichuan province of China
Authors: Hu Zhengqiang , Zhong Yonglin , Li Jie , Li Yunxia
Published: February 2022

Objective
To investigate the detection rates of Giardia lamblia in children of Sichuan province and analyze the susceptible population and the cause of infection.
Methods
The routine fecal examination of a total of 11575 cases were done by normal wet smear microscopy, and the suspected cases were stained with iodine in outpatient children of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from September 1st, 2020 to August 31th, 2021.
Results
In the stools of 11,515 outpatient children, 11 cases of cysts or trophozoites of G. lamblia were detected, among which 9 cases were from ethnic minority patients and 2 case were from Han patients. The G. lamblia detection rate of Han patients was 0.019%, while that of ethnic minority patients was 0.968%, between which there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusions
The detection rate of G. lamblia in minority patients was higher than that in Han patients. To reduce the spread and epidemic of giardiasis, the epidemic prevention in minority areas should be strengthened and the good hygienic habits of children should be cultivated.
UV light device for vertical screening of contaminated soil samples with petroleum hydrocarbon
Authors: Giacheti Heraldo Luiz , Arakaki Edson , Nagata Daniel Takenori , Riyis Marcos Tanaka
Published: February 2022

Petroleum hydrocarbons in light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) can generate significant contaminations when released into the ground. The identification, delimitation and understanding of their interactions with the hydro-stratigraphical media are essential in geo-environmental site characterization. The investigations of LNAPL contaminated sites in Brazil are mostly carried out with monitoring wells, which has limitations to identify LNAPL. The site characterization techniques based on the emission of ultraviolet light (UV), commercially known as UVOST and OIP works better to identify and provide qualitative LNAPL data. A bench testing campaign was conducted to evaluate the performance of an alternative, low-cost UV light device for identifying the presence of LNALP contamination in soil samples. This device creates a dark environment and uses UV light at different wavelengths combined with different color filters. Three different soils (organic, fine-medium sand and well-sorted medium sand), three products of petroleum hydrocarbons (lubricating oil, gasoline and diesel) and deionized water were combined. A total of 54 Bench tests was performed for hydrocarbon detection to assess the applicability of the alternative, low-cost UV light device. The UV-C light with a red colour filter provided the best results for identifying soil contamination. It was found the UV light device is more efficient when using different wavelengths associated with more than one colour filter. The application of this system has been broadened as it has now become more efficient for use with different combinations of soil types and LNAPL sources.
Gender Affects Dezocine Antagonizes Sufentanil Analgesia During Anesthesia Induction and Endotracheal Intubation: An Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Trial
Authors: Chen Nanjin , Wang Xiaodan , Chen Lingyang , Wang Mingcang , Jiang Yongpo
Published: February 2022

Background: In the clinic, dezocine has been used to inhibit sufentanil-induced cough (SIC). The aim of the study is to explore the effect of dezocine on the analgesic effect of sufentanil during anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation.Methods: ASA I-II, adult patients undergoing general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation were enrolled. The intubation reaction including blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Dixon’s up‑and‑down method was used to calculate the median effective dose (ED50) of sufentanil required to blunt the intubation reaction for women and men separately. A dose‑response curve was generated by the probit analysis in each groups. Results: In females, the ED50 of sufentanil for blunting the intubation reaction in the nondezocine and dezocine groups was 0.23±0.03μg/kg and 0.26±0.05μg/kg, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05); In males, the ED50 of sufentanil for blunting the intubation reaction in the nondezocine and dezocine groups was 0.35±0.03μg/kg and 0.43±0.04μg/kg, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); The probit analysis revealed that the ED50 of sufentanil in the female&nondezocine and female&dezocine groups was 0.219μg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.183–0.248μg/kg) and 0.241μg/kg (95% CI, 0.192–0.282μg/kg), respectively; In males, the ED50 of sufentanil in the nondezocine and dezocine groups was 0.339μg/kg(95%CI, 0.291–0.374μg/kg) group and 0.409μg/kg(95%CI, 0.357–0.472μg/kg), respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that dezocine could antagonize sufentanil analgesic during anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation in males but not in females.Clinical trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000039261; URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=62951&htm=4.
Transposable Element Polymorphisms Improve Prediction Of Complex Agronomic Traits In Rice
Authors: Vourlaki Ioanna-Theoni , Castanera Raúl , Ramos-Onsins Sebastián E. , Casacuberta Josep M , Pérez-Enciso Miguel
Published: February 2022

Transposable Elements Polymorphisms (TIPs) are significant sources of genetic variation. Previous work has shown that TIPs can improve detection of causative loci on agronomic traits in rice. Here, we quantify the fraction of variance explained by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to TIPs, and we explore whether TIPs can improve prediction of phenotypes when compared to using only SNPs. We used eleven traits of agronomic relevance from by five different rice population groups (Aus, Indica, Aromatic, Japonica and Admixed), 738 varieties in total. We assess prediction by applying data split validation in two scenarios. In the within population scenario, we predicted performance of improved Indica varieties using the rest of Indica and additional samples. In the across population scenario, we predicted all Aromatic and Admixed samples using the rest of populations. In each scenario, Bayes C and a Bayesian reproducible kernel Hilbert space regression were compared. We find that TIPs can explain an important fraction of total genetic variance, often more than the fraction explained by SNPs, and that they also improve genomic prediction, especially in the across population prediction scenario, where TIPs outperformed SNPs in nine out of the eleven traits analyzed. In some phenotypes like leaf senescence or grain width, using TIPs increased predictive correlation by 40%. Our results evidence, for the first time, that TIPs genotyping can improve prediction on complex agronomic traits in rice, especially when samples to be predicted are less related to training samples.
Enhancement and Maintenance of Hepatic Metabolic Functions by Controlling Three-Dimensional Aggregation of Cryo-Preserved Human iPS Cells Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells
Authors: Tao Fumiya , Hanada Sanshiro , Matsushima Kazuya , Arakawa Hiroshi , Ishida Naoki , Kato Yukio , Okimura Saya , Watanabe Tomohisa , Kojima Nobuhiko
Published: February 2022

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells are potent cells to study individual-specific hepatotoxicity for drug screening test. However, the functions of metabolic enzymes are practically low. 3D spheroid is a potent strategy to enhance the differentiation efficacy from undifferentiated cells, but 3D formation of “differentiated” HLCs is not fully examined. Here, we successfully reconstituted stable and compact 3D spheroids of commercially available cryo-preserved HLCs by our original spheroid formation method with high viscous methylcellulose medium, while conventional formation methods never formed the spheroid. 3D formation enhanced the hepatic functions and maintained the functions for 14 days. Especially, drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450, were 10- to 100-fold enhanced compared to conventional 2D culture, which is applicable to a typical drug-metabolizing test using LC-MS/MS. Our formation method has an impact on functional spheroid formation.
Effectiveness of a result-based motivational system to reduce the behavioral risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Field Trial Study
Authors: Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Karimi Seyed M , Mirbaha-Hashemi Fariba , Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash , Janani Leila , Babaee Ebrahim , Nojomi Marzieh , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
Published: February 2022

Background: Noncommunicable diseases behavioral risk factors are the most important modifiable risk factors. They can be improved as long as the relevant interventions are designed in accordance with the context of the health system and its resources in different regions. In this trial, the effectiveness of intervention packages focusing on increasing non-physician health workers’ motivation to reduce non-communicable diseases behavioral risk factors was evaluated.Methods: A randomized field trial study was conducted in 32 community health centers in 4 Iranian districts after a baseline population survey on 30−70-year-old individuals (n=1225). The interventions were performed to improve insufficient physical activity, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, high salt intake, and tobacco use. Four packages of interventions were implemented in 24 community health centers; the other 8 centers were used as control groups. The non-physician health workers performed the interventions. The packages included different mixtures of 4 components: goal-setting, evidence-based education, operational planning, and incentive payments. A second survey was conducted one year after the start of the interventions to identify the effects on an independent random sample (n=1221). The difference-in-difference method was used to quantify the interventions’ effects.Results: The average age of participants in both surveys was about 49 years. Also, in both surveys, about half of the participants were female, and about 43% were either illiterate or had primary school education. The interventions had statistically significant effects only on decreasing the prevalence of insufficient physical activity. The package with all the intervention components decreased the odds of insufficient physical activity to 0.24(95% CI: 0.08, 0.72). The packages with operational planning but no performance-based financing did not change the odds of insufficient physical activity.Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of components, design, and implementation details of interventions intended to reduce NCDs behavioral risk factors. Some risk factors such as physical activity seem to be more easily modifiable with limited low-cost interventions in a one-year horizon. However, risk factors related to the consumption of healthy food and tobacco use need larger, macro-level interventions.Trial Registration: This trial registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20081205001488N2) on 3 June 2018 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/774 ).
Identification of Key ncRNAs and ceRNA Network in DR via Bioinformation Analysis
Authors: Li Jingru , Li Chaozhong , Wu Xinyu , Yu Shuai , Sun Guihu , Ding Peng , Lu Si , Zhang Lijiao , Yang Ping , Peng Yunzhu , Fu Jingyun , Wang Luqiao
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to find potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) , explore its ceRNA mechanism and analyze the role of immune cell infiltration in DR. Method.Three microarray datasets for human retina tissues and aqueous humor in DR were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) were identified by R software. Then xCell and ImmuCellAI were used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in DR retina tissues. BioGPS was used to identify tissue/organ-specific genes; DE-mRNA was enriched, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to understand its functions and enrichment pathways and identify hub genes. Finally, we used target gene prediction software to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks for hub genes and visualized them with Cytoscape.Result.A total of 90 DE-miRNAs were identified in the GSE140959 datasets. Among these DE-miRNAs, the top 3 upregulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-3960, -548y and -7, may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of DR. In the GSE160306 datasets, we recognized 147 DE-mRNAs. The xCell analysis identified immune cells that are significantly changed after DR, such as memory B-cells, eosinophils and M2 macrophages. Immune cell infiltration analysis found that natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, exhausted T cells and macrophages may be involved in the DR process. Comprehensive analysis showed that the negative regulation of cellular defense response and adaptive immune response was the main process of significant enrichment of DE-mRNAs. Among these DE-mRNAs, we identified 91 tissue/organ-specific expressed genes and intersected with 10 cytoHubba genes to finally obtain three central hub genes: IL6, SLAMF1 and CCL8. And finally constructed PP12613/hsa-miR-2114-3p/IL6, LINC00960/has-miR-6891-5p/SLAMF1 and KCNQ1OT1/hsa-miR-7151-3p/CCL8 network with potential regulatory effect on DR progression. Conclusions.In conclusion, we believe that hsa-miR-3960, -548y and -7 can be used as diagnostic markers for DR, and PP12613/hsa-miR-2114-3p/IL6, LINC00960/has-miR-6891-5p/SLAMF1 and KCNQ1OT1/hsa-miR-7151-3p/CCL8 regulatory networks play important roles in the occurrence and progression of DR. At the same time, the infiltration of immune cells is also an important part of DR pathology, regulating the severity of DR. Our data provide compelling insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DR.
Inhibiting PHD2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an inflammatory microenvironment facilitates periodontal repair in SD rats
Authors: Yan Fuhua , Luo Binyan , Chen Changxing , Tan Baochun , Cui Di , Wang Min , Qian Jun
Published: February 2022

Background: Both seed cells and the oxidative stress-induced inflammatory microenvironment are crucial in periodontal regeneration. The inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), which activates the HIF pathway, can regulate the inflammatory response and improve wound healing during tissue repair. The present study focused on the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with PHD2 gene silencing to modulate periodontal regeneration of the inflammatory microenvironment through the PHD2/HIF-1α signalling pathway.Methods: In this study, PHD2 expression in BMMSCs was downregulated under normoxic conditions via lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference to promote HIF-1α accumulation. We evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs with PHD2 gene silencing in an inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. Then, the PHD2 gene-modified BMMSCs were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal repair.Results: PHD2 gene silencing resulted in stable expression of HIF-1α and further upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes in BMMSCs. More importantly, the PHD2-silenced group exhibited a significantly enhanced osteoinductive effect and increased VEGF levels in an inflammatory environment, which were weakened by blocking the VEGF receptor. In addition, PHD2-modified BMMSC transplantation elevated osteogenic parameters and the expression of both HIF-1α and VEGF in periodontal tissue.Conclusion: PHD2 gene silencing is a feasible approach to combat inflammatory bone loss by rescuing the dysfunction of seed cells and has a promising therapeutic effect on periodontal regeneration.
Roles of Granularity and Timescales in Debris Flow Hazards on Alluvial Fans
Authors: Hill Kimberly , Chen Tzu-Yin , Hung Chi-Yao , Mullenbach Jared
Published: February 2022

Alluvial fans are cone-shaped, soil-rich geomorphological features common to mountainous regions where they offer relatively convenient, though frequently hazardous, settings for habitation and infrastructure. Debris flows (massive, muddy, rocky flows) contribute significantly to these hazards as they carry focused, collisional, fast-moving materials across alluvial fans, unpredictably in size, speed, and direction. We research how particle sizes contribute to flow and depositional dynamics toward greater predictive capabilities, particularly needed under climatic conditions of increasing high-magnitude storm events. Toward this, we analyzed field data from two neighboring alluvial fans in the White Mountains (California, USA) that exhibit dramatically different topographies despite their proximity and associated similar long-term climates. Informed by these measurements, we performed long-term and incremental alluvial fan experiments using debris-flows whose contents we varied systematically. We found (1) increasing fine particle content correlates with diversity of fan slopes and associated channelization dynamics; (2) long-term alluvial fan experiments form more uniformly complex surface channelizations than repeated flows for the same total time, indicating the importance of both particle sizes and timescales on alluvial fan dynamics and associated hazards.
Experimental phase transition mapping for hydrogen above 300 K up to 300 gigapascals
Authors: Zha Chang-Sheng , Liu Hanyu , Wang Zhongwu , Bassett William
Published: February 2022

A vast amount of Raman spectroscopic data, obtained using diamond anvil cell technique under in situ high pressure-temperature conditions, has been used for mapping the phase transitions of hydrogen in the temperature range of 300 – 900 K and pressure up to 300 gigapascals -- a pressure-temperature region in which most phase information was unknown previously. The isothermal and isobaric dependencies in frequency and peak width for intramolecular vibration Raman mode of hydrogen are established based on thousands of data files which are measured during hundreds of independent high pressure-temperature experimental runs. Discontinuities of pressure and temperature dependencies in frequency and peak-width, together with appearance or disappearance of observed Raman modes were obtained. Those transition data show self-consistency and have been used for outlining 13 phase transition boundaries and 15 possible phases. This large, diversified behavior of spectra demonstrates that surprisingly rich and complicated phase transitions may exist in this pressure-temperature region.