bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmenopozal kadınlarda diyet inflamatuar indeksi ve kırık insidansı ilişkisi
Authors: YILDIRIM Betül , ANDAÇ ÖZTÜRK Serap
Published: October 2020

İnflamasyon, inflamatuar uyaran veya doku hasarına karşı vücudun immün yanıtıdır. Akut inflamasyon yaralanma ve enfeksiyoz ajanlara karşı gelişirken, kronik inflamasyon insülin direnci, diyabet, ateroskleroz, obezite ve metabolik sendrom ile ilişkilidir. Diyet içeriği serumda CRP, IL-6 ve TNF-α gibi inflamasyon parametreleri üzerine etkisiyle kronik inflamasyona sebep olabilmektedir. Diyette gereksinimden fazla enerji alımı inflamatuar süreçleri tetikler. Bunun yanı sıra diyette yer alan makro- ve mikro besin ögeleri inflamatuar süreçler üzerinde etkilidir. Makro besin ögeleri olan karbonhidrat, protein ve yağların kaynağı, türü ve miktarı inflamasyon parametrelerini etkiler. Diyetin basit karbonhidrattan zengin olması, yüksek glisemik indeks, yüksek yağ (özellikle trans yağ asitlerinin fazlalığı) ve kolesterol içermesi CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β gibi pro-inflamatuar moleküllerin salınımını arttırmaktadır. Buna karşın diyetin posa, MUFA ve Omega-3 içeriğinin yüksek olması ise inflamatuar yanıt oluşumuna karşı koruyucu etki göstermektedir. Mikro besin ögelerinden A, C, D ve E vitamini ile Çinko anti-inflamatuar etkiye sahiptir. İnflamatuar hücre kültürlerine retinoik asit eklendiğinde, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 ve IL-12 salınımında azalma meydana gelmektedir. Uzun süre C vitamini desteği, CRP düzeyini azaltabilmektedir. D vitamini, inflamatuar sitokinlerin etkisini ve üretimini inhibe edebilmektedir. Alfa-tokoferol, IL-1β, CRP ve TNF-α düzeyini azaltabilmektedir. Çinko, sitokin üretimini regüle ederek inflamasyonu baskılayabilmektedir. Besin tüketimi genel olarak büyük bir çeşitlilik göstermektedir dolayısıyla diyetin inflamasyona etkisi incelenirken bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Diyetin inflamatuar potansiyelini değerlendirmek amacıyla, 1950'den 2010'a kadar yayınlanan bilimsel literatüre dayanan bir algoritma ile Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi (DII) oluşturulmuştur. Yüksek DII skorları ve inflamasyon, pro-inflamatuar sitokinlerin osteoklast aktivitesini arttırıcı osteoblast aktivitesini azaltıcı etkileri ile, özellikle kadınlarda kemik kütle yoğunluğunun azalmasına ve kırık insidansının artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Kadınlar, postmenopozal dönemde, östrojen seviyelerindeki azalma sebebiyle daha yüksek kırık riski ile karşı karşıya kalırlar. Östrojen, osteoklast apoptozunu düzenler ve pro-inflamatuar sitokinleri inhibe eder. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, Postmenopozal kadınlarda sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni ve düşük DII skorlarının kemik sağlığının korunmasında etkili ve gerekli olduğunu desteklemektedir.
مصروفات التأمين بين شركة التأمين وصندوق التأمين "دراسة فقهية “Expenses of Islamic Insurance between Insurance Company and Insurance Fund» (Jurisprudential Study)
Authors: Bushnaq Ahmad Aljazzar Mohammad Daoud , Rababah Ibraheem Abdalraheem Ahmad
Published: October 2020

تناول هذا البحث مفهوم التأمين ومكونات شركة التأمين الإسلامية والتكييف الفقهي للعلاقة بين مكوناتها، كما عرض لوجهات النظر الفقهية بشأن توزيع عدد من مصروفات التأمين، من جهة تحديد من يتحمّلها شركة التأمين أم صندوق التأمين أم كليهما معًا. وتوصل إلى عدد من النتائج؛ كان من أهمها أن العرف يلعب دورًا في توزيع المصروفات بين طرفي عقد الوكالة بأجر، كما أن أسلم الطرق لفض النزاعات المتعلقة بتحميل مصروفات التأمين بين طرفي التأمين الإسلامي هي النص عليها في اللوائح والقوانين والقرارات المعمول بها في تحديد الجهة التي تتحملها، وأنّ قاعدة "الغنم بالغرم" أو ما يمكن التعبير عنه بــــ "تحميل المصاريف للمستفيد" تصلح لمعالجة كافة المسائل المتعلقة بتوزيع تلك المصروفات في حال عدم النص عليها في نص العقد. كذلك توصل إلى أن مصروفات الدعاية والإعلان تحمل على طرفي العقد، أي: شركة المساهمة وصندوق التأمين. This research deals with insurance concept and Islamic insurance components company, jurisprudential adaptation and the relation between components and offered the jurisprudential views regarding the insurance expenses from the point that bear the insurance company or insurance fund or both. He reached to some results the frst result custom plays crucial rule in distributing expenses between the awards of contract agency that the surest way to resolve conﬂict regarding direct insurance expenses between Islamic insurance awards through offenses domestic laws and regulations and existing decisions to determine where the responsibilities lie and that the rule “the proft and loss» which means “bearing the expenses to the benefciary “ftted to all issues no longer appear in the contract text. As well as he reached that the expenses of advertising paid by the both awards of contract (stock company) and (insurance fund). The research depends on both the inductive and deductive approaches in all issues. Key words: Expenses, Insurance, Company, and Fund.
Simboluri ale intimității în basmul fantastic românesc (V). Instituția bătrâneții
Authors:   Academia Română, Muzeul de Artă Veche Apuseană, Cioancă Costel
Published: October 2020

The imaginary, through the totality of beliefs, speaking about the stage of the oldness is well emphasized and structured for a good contouring and phenomenological reception of the symbols of intimacy from the Romanian fantastic fairy tale, the subject claiming a particular approach. Representing a biological and spiritual-ethical reality, this final stage of life manifests and maintains a subtle “network" of mythological, mental, psycho-social and cultural interferences. Endorsements from numerous and various anthologies of fairy tales invariably talks about the carnal body perishability, about the effects of biological degradation occurring over time. Moreover, the features used by the anonymous creator of fairy tale, are all in this directory of the ephemeral and the overwhelming proportion counter to the young youth with virile hero fairytale “displays" in front of such old persons. Distracted for a certain period of their time (knowned and physically limited), discovering, experimenting and living part of a historical Times, these fairy-tale heroes are disturbed by its limitations. Sometimes they discover magical remedies that rejuvenate an aging body, discovering, experiencing and / or living, even temporarily, a seductive myhtologist like the realm of eternal youth. Sometimes they can live forever, they can enjoy the presence of extremely beautiful and young female beings, but then they seem to want old age and / or death more and more! Other times, in personalist ontology, the hero will discover that what originally seemed to be a noematic gain (the eternity of his ephemeral life) slowly changes into a continuous loss, in a non-natural negative. In the great majority of the fairy tales, the symbolic intentionality of the change of consciousness over the time (to live) is evident, through which the divine-profane relationship can be overthrown, as well as the specific significance of its meaning in illo tempore, the divinity between man's ephemerality and the ideatic desire to transcend his perishability condition. As such, starting from a composite and ideological epistemic concept (oldness as an ideologem), in this study we tried to discover and analyze what are the main-ideas of this “institution of old age" from the fantastic Romanian fairy tale, at the level of the cultural-social imagination. Thus, we have brought into discussion both the mythical dimension of such a concept (the archetype of oldness) and the structural-narrative, with the forms and contents supposed or taken at the level of the fantastic epic fantasy (the posology of old age, magic cures and rituals un-aging, paradisiac realms of eternal youth).
Tradiții și obiceiuri în satul Vasile Goldiș (Mocîrla), jud. Arad
Authors:   Școala gimnazială Șimand, jud. Arad, Jurcă Vlad
Published: October 2020

The village Vasile Goldis is located in the eastern part of Zarand’s Depression. It is a village that belongs to the commune Beliu. Over time, this beautiful place suffered lots of changes regarding its name. At the beginning its name was Mocirla, then Lunca Teuz, ultimately ending up with the name of the head (leader) who led the Great Union from 1918. Vasile Goldis was born in the village that has his name. 1552 is the year where we have the first documentary attestation; the settlement takes the name from “Mochola” stream. Vasile Goldis was born on the 12th November 1872 in Mocirla, in his grandfather’s house, named Teodor. His parents were Isaia and Floarea. Even nowadays, the people of this village keep the old words and sayings, most often used in spells and different sayings specific for wedding and funeral ceremonies. In my research I found in the village many holiday customs, that are about to be forgotten because they aren’t practiced any more. In our country we have a lot of customs that are unique for every important event in a person’s life; they go from birth to death. The customs specific for birth are kept even today with small changes. The childhood and the entire life are defined to the spell, so each person should be protected from evil things. The wedding is a complex ceremonial which brings together the entire village. Relatives, neighbours, friends bring their gift, which consist of food products, to the groom and bride. The wedding starts in the morning or at the latest in the afternoon. The groom goes with some of the wedding guests and with the musicians first to the godparents’ house, then to the bride’s home. Together with the bride, they go to the groom’s house, where the party will be held. The funeral, just like the wedding, was an event where the entire village took part. The death of a person from the community was announced by the bell of the village’s church. The bell beat in a certain way. The funeral was organized with the help of relatives and friends; in this way everything was ready for the day of the funeral. The holidays over the year were usually celebrated individually in the family; they were rarely celebrated with all the people in the village. Collective customs gathered the entire village and this was shown trough dances and raft meetings. Through this research I tried to rediscover some customs and customs that are soon to be forgotten, but they define us as a nation.
Colecția de negative și diapozitive pe sticlă și celuloid a Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei - conservare, cercetare, arhivare
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Mocan Ancuța
Published: October 2020

The Transylvanian Museum of Ethnographic started an extensive multi-annual digitization program for museum heritage, designed to protect and value the Institution's negatives and slides on glass and celluloid. We ensure the saving and continuation of the existence in time of a very valuable and rare heritage through the conservation and protection activities of the negatives and slides on the glass and celluloid.
Casa de lemn din Spermezeu
Authors:   Master Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Buia Emanuela Traiana
Published: October 2020

This house can be seen in the area of the Ethnographic Park Romulus Vuia. The house was built in the interwar period and it was donated to the museum by Bishop Macarie Drăgoi. It is also the last immovable item of heritage transferred. The article begins by providing information about Spermezeu, about its history and in general about peasant houses in this geographic area. Then, the information is strictly related to the house „Bishop Macarie Drăgoi”. Arriving in the village, I interviewed some people who knew the owners of the house. From these people I learned a lot of valuable information about the house, the owners, Hognogi spouses, and how the house was built. They did not have any heirs and their belongings came into the possession of other relatives. The house is important because in time it has kept the original form. The last part of the article presents the transfer of the house to the museum area and the reason for transfer. This last information has been taken from Bishop Macarie Drăgoi who, by his action, wished to preserve and redeem this house.
Păștițele. Rit funebru din perioada pascală în zona Nădlacului
Authors:   Master Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Barbă Amalia
Published: October 2020

This study investigates a funeral rite in the area of Nădlac, Arad county: "Păștițele", the custom of going to the cemetery, at the graves of the deceased relatives, on the first Sunday after Easter and to offer red eggs and colac (a type of braided bread or cake) to the people present in the cemetery. It is a custom competed by the ”Lighting Holiday”. It is not of Catholic origin, but of Orthodox origin.
Constelații cunoscute în neolitic
Authors:   Institutul Astronomic Cluj-Napoca, Szücs-Csillik Iharka , Maxim Zoia ,   Cluj-Napoca
Published: October 2020

We know that in ancient times, people were sky watchers, made observations, drew conclusions, and their vision of Universe reflected the sky (macrocosm) into the ground (microcosm) and vice versa. Investigating deeply some symbols and signs from the Neolithic period, we find that the knowledge about the sky that some people had in the past represents much more than we’ve known so far. In this incursion into the Neolithic world, we will study two objects discovered in the tombs of the priestesses of Mostonga and Tărtăria.
The Influence of Luther's View of Music on the Emergence of the Concepts of Musica poetica and Musical Rhetoric
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Muzică București, Lupu Anamaria
Published: October 2020

La casa di peste drum [At the House across the Road] is, perhaps, Tudor Jarda`s most emblematic choral work, being the first composition of the 10 carols for mixed choir included in the volume Coruri [Choral Works] (1981). Dedicated to Maestro Dorin Pop and the Cappella Transylvanica choir, this work has been part of the ensemble`s repertoire since the publication of the collection, being also found in the repertoire of the most important Cluj and Transylvanian choirs. This paper aims to detail aspects of musical grammar in the choral work La casa di peste drum, highlighting the close connection between the text and music and its implications in the choral interpretation. The morphological and syntactic analysis also highlights certain characteristics of Tudor Jarda`s choral writing.
Béla Bartόk Bluebeard’s Castle – a new Avatar of the Myth of Orpheus?
Authors:   Academia Națională de Muzică „Gh. Dima„ Cluj-Napoca, Oltean Tatiana
Published: October 2020

Ever since its Greek and Roman mythological and literary sources during Antiquity, the myth of Orpheus has been of paramount importance in the edification of the Artist as a key-character of understanding Music as magic and Love beyond death. Over the course of millennia, the myth has underwent numerous transformations, reflecting cultural and creative views of each period. Up to this day, the myth of Orpheus continues to allure composers` creative imagination. Within the modern and even postmodern tempestuous avatars of the myth in musical creation, the myth stays true to revealing the creator`s inner landscape, his/her reflective searching, and the nature of love between life and death. The current essay proposes a set of correlations between the essential motifs of this ancient myth and the symbols in Béla Bartók`s Bluebeard`s Castle, in a quest for answering the question whether this iconic opera of modernity could be understood, to some extent, as a new avatar of the Orpheus myth.
Aspects of traditional folk Musical Language in the Work ”Suita a III-a bihoreană” by Tudor Jarda
Authors:   Academia Națională de Muzică „Gh. Dima„ Cluj-Napoca, Andra Pătraș
Published: October 2020

The present work aims to highlight a choral score by composer Tudor Jarda, both from a structural analysis perspective and by presenting the context of its composition. Suita a III-a bihoreană [The Third Suite from Bihor] demonstrates an apposition of neomodal musical language with folkloric style composition techniques.
A Review: Autodissemination of Pyriproxyfen as Novel Strategy to Control Dengue Outbreaks
Authors: Ngesom Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd , Greenhalgh David , Lasim Asmalia Md , Sahani Mazrura , Hod Rozita , Othman Hidayatulfathi
Published: October 2020

The new emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been spreading across Southeast Asia, Central Africa, United States, tropical Oceania and has become a major of public health concern. These arbovirus diseases were found to have a similar vector, symptoms, and environments. The situation is complex due to no specific vaccine or treatments being available for the diseases. Therefore, vector control is currently the best defense against arbovirus diseases, but with its own challenges such as the difficulty in controlling scattered breeding sites and biological behavior. Herein, we present a literature review of studies on current techniques proposed to combat dengue transmission that can fill a crucial gap in vector control programs, which is the inability of conventional control methods to eliminate and destroy cryptic breeding sites. In particular, we focused on the concept of autodissemination, which is a self-delivery technique by manipulating the behavior of mosquitoes, carrying the insecticide and disseminating it to cryptic breeding sites. This technique has shown promising results in some countries and can be considered as an additional tool in a vector control program. Therefore, we conducted Boolean searches in several electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect to identify relevant published data regarding dengue and autodissemination techniques.
Intelligent Bio-Inspired Whale Optimization Algorithm for Color Image based Segmentation
Authors: Mohammed Athraa Jasim , Ghathwan Khalil Ibrahim
Published: October 2020

Color image segmentation is widely used methods for searching of homogeneous regions to classify them into various groups. Clustering is one technique that is used for this purpose. Clustering algorithms have drawbacks such as the finding of optimum centers within a cluster and the trapping in local optima. Even though inspired meta-heuristic algorithms have been adopted to enhance the clustering performance, some algorithms still need improvements. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is recognized to be enough competition with common meta-heuristic algorithms, where it has an ability to obtain a global optimal solution and avoid local optima. In this paper, a new method for color image based segmentation is proposed based on using whale optimization algorithm in clustering. The proposed method is called the whale color image based segmentation (WhCIbS). It was used to divide the color image into a predefined number of clusters. The input image in RGB color space was converted into L*a*b color space. Comparison of the proposed WhCIbS method was performed with the wolf color image based segmentation, cuckoo color image based segmentation, bat color image based segmentation, and k-means color image based segmentation over four benchmark color images. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed WhCIbS had higher value of PSNR and lower value of RMSR in most cases compared to other methods.
A Multi-State Model for Reliability Analysis of Metal Sheet Manufacturing Process Using Artificial Neural Network Technique
Authors: Chandra Anil , Gupta Surbhi , Jaggi Chandra Kant
Published: October 2020

A manufacturing system is governed by its various processes upon which its efficiency is dependent. Since failure results in considerable losses, many manufacturing systems have certain redundancies for some processes. These redundancies cause the system to work under different efficiency states called multi-state elements. In this paper, various processes of metal sheet manufacturing unit have been categorized as subsystems to determine the multi-state probabilities of its different efficiency states. Artificial Neural Network Technique (ANN) has been used to estimate the change in these multi-state probabilities over time. The ANN has also been used to estimate variation in upstate and downstate probabilities of the system for a particular-time period. The results have been used to determine variation in profit over time for the system.
Seasonal Upwelling in the Northern Arafura Sea from Multi-datasets in 2017
Authors: Atmadipoera Agus Saleh , Almatin Agits Agnia , Zuraida Rina , Permanawati Yani
Published: October 2020

Seasonal upwelling phenomenon in the Arafura Sea plays an important role on supplying upwelled nutrient-rich water to sustain biogeochemistry processes and thus contributes to high marine primary productivity and fisheries resources in this region. The objective of this research was to investigate physical process and dynamics of upwelling by analyzing stratification of seawater properties, evolution of surface ocean-atmosphere parameters, and current structure and transport volume in the northern Arafura Sea. The multi-datasets in 2017 were used in this study, acquired from field CTD measurement, satellite-derived sea surface parameters, and the ocean general circulation model outputs, which were processed and analyzed using the available standard procedure. It was found that upwelling event was associated with a sharp subsurface thin layer that upsloping isotherms (23.5 - 25.5°C), isohalines (33.50 - 34.25 psu), and isopycnals (21.8 - 23.2 kg/m³) from the shelf-break region to the inner shelf region at a distance of approximately 167 km. This barrier layer separated the first surface mixed layer from the second mixed layer beneath the subsurface layer. The model suggests that the current in these two layers is in the opposite direction, to the west in the first layer as a response to the Ekman drift and to the east in the second layer as a current extension from deep Aru basin. Therefore, upwelling dynamics here is not only generated by the southeasterly monsoon winds from May (onset) to November (termination) that transport warm and fresh surface water away from the shelf, but also modulated by the presence of strong inflow currents beneath subsurface that supply colder saltier nutrient-rich water into the shelf. During the upwelling period, mean transport volume in the upper 25 m depth between Aru and Papua at 134.25°E was -0.28 (±0.34) Sv (westward), but the transport volume between 25m and 110m depth was +1.06 (±0.29) Sv (eastward), suggesting this inflow may regulate the upwelling and supply Arafura shelf water.
Pattern of Histopathological Alterations in N-methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) Induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague Dawley (SD) Rats Treated with Crude Honey
Authors: Banik Urmila , Ahamed Sarfarz , Latt Swe Swe , Jalil Nur Asyilla Che , Rahman Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul , Othman Nor Hayati
Published: October 2020

Natural products are becoming primary investigative molecules creating hope for finding new powerful classes of anticancer agents for breast cancer. One of the most remarkable of these is honey. To explore the mechanism of action of any anticancer agent the initial step is to analyse its effect in the histopathological tissue section. This study was designed to describe the histopathology of N-methyl- N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced breast cancer in Sprague Dawley rat (SD rats) treated with crude honey. Female rats were distributed into 4 groups: Group0 (normal), Group1 (MNU control), Group2 and 3: Tualang and Manuka honey-treated, respectively. Rats were sacrificed and histopathology of both non-treated and treated tumours was done. Lower histological grade, infrequent combination histologic pattern (p<0.001), prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization (p<0.001), aggregates of atypical macrophages (p<0.001) and lesser necrosis (p= 0.005) were major outcomes in treated cancers. This data will aid in the histopathological interpretation of honey-treated breast cancer model and future anticancer study of honey.
Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors for Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Individuals with and those Without Dyspepsia in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Lilian Okwubenata Okonkwo , Bolanle Olufunke Priscilla Musa , Bello Hali , Shettima Kagu Mustapha
Published: October 2020

Background Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent in African region especially in areas with low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori Infection among individuals with and those without dyspepsia Materials and Methods The study was cross sectional in which individuals with and those without dyspepsia were enrolled. The prevalence for Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by the screening of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G and this was compared across variables of interest. IBM SPSS was used for the data analysis. Results Overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G was 44 (37.9 %). There was no association between H pylori infection and dyspepsia (0.894). There was statistically significant association between residing in rural areas and acquiring of Helicobacter pylori infection (P= 0.011). Study participants from rural areas had significantly higher and lower pit latrines and water closet toilets respectively than the study participants who reside in urban areas (P= 0.0001). Conclusion Modest prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was observed and no association between H pylori infection and dyspepsia was observed. There is a need to take strategic measures towards improving level of socio-economic status of the rural areas so as to reduce the risk of contracting Helicobacter pylori infection in people living in rural areas
Whole-Blood Capillary Tube Clotting Time as a Possible Predictor of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar , Bashir Rukayya , Ahmed Ibrahim Salisu
Published: October 2020

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are associated with coagulation abnormalities. However, results of standard coagulation tests in patients with HDP have been inconsistent. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine mean clotting time (CT) in subjects with HDP attending antenatal clinic at Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria and to assess CT as a possible predictor of HDP. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four HDP subjects and equal number of normotensive pregnant women were recruited for the study. Blood pressure was measured according to standard protocol. Urinalysis was performed using urine test strips (Medi-Test Combi 9®). Whole-blood CT was determined using capillary tube method. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were defined according to the report of National high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test of association and independent t test were used to determine association and difference between categorical and quantitative variables respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine relationship between quantitative variables.
Epistaxis among children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria
Authors: M. Adeyeye Foluso , R. Iseh Kufre , B. Amutta Stanley , Abdullahi Mohammed , Aliyu Daniel
Published: October 2020

Background: Epistaxis is a life-threatening otorhinolaryngological emergency and presents as a symptom of varied clinical conditions. The study was designed to determine the frequency and forms of epistaxis among children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study of children ≤12 years with epistaxis presenting to UDUTH, Sokoto from January to December 2017. Information on age, gender, causes, nature, and laterality of epistaxis was collected and analyzed. Results: Of 1078 children who presented with otorhinolaryngological complaints during the study period, 39 (3.6 %) had epistaxis, with majority 14 (35.9 %) of children aged 7 – 8 years. Epistaxis was more prevalent in males than females in the ratio 1.6:1. Epistaxis digitorum was the most common cause 19 (48.7 %) of epistaxis in children in the study area. First episode epistaxis was more common 35 (89.7 %) than recurrent epistaxis 4 (10.3 %), while bilateral epistaxis was more 26 (66.7 %) than unilateral epistaxis 13 (33.3 %). There were more children with left unilateral epistaxis 10 (25.6%) than right epistaxis 3 (7.7 %).
Análise sociológica sobre o karaté em Portugal
Authors: Rosa Vítor
Published: October 2020

In analysis of the cultures of graduated karatekas, we intend to analyze that the mythical warrior traditions of Japan Samurai is present in a dominant way in karate globalization process, constitutive by an eastern philosophy, an identity lifestyle, and private organizational involvements as a form of resistance to Western sports competition model. We set three hypotheses and construct an analysis model. We have used extensive methodology and the application of various techniques of social research: direct observation, participant observation, semi-directive interviews and survey. The universe was 244 practitioners of advanced karate (brown and black belts), at national level. 31 interviews have been made. The results show that there are an identity lifestyle among experienced practitioners of karate, although due to particular uses and social provisions. The analysis of the information mobilized points out the existence of a character multidimensional of orientation. The data also point out that the relationships between the experience apprentices of karate of the non-competition and sport competition have been becoming characterized for tensions, resistance and conflicts dynamics, generators of scissions among teaching agents, practice spaces or clubs and federal structure.
An Integrating Model for Excellence: Mentorship to Enrich the Three Pillars of Education
Authors: Hallman S. , Massoud L. , Tomiuk D.
Published: October 2020

How does one progress from protégé to professional to master? For thousands of years, it was accomplished by apprenticeship to a master, on a one-to-one or one-to-few basis. The advent of the industrial era necessitated training more people at a time than this model could accommodate; hence, the modern educational era. The traditional classroom model and coaching became standard. The disadvantage of this model, however, is that the nuance of the “master” is lost because it can only develop over a long-term, individual, guided, mentoring relationship. Although our institutions of higher learning successfully develop accomplished professionals with their three-tiered model of teaching, service, and research, these authors propose moving educators closer to the “master” level of skill by reincorporating the individual mentorship model in conjunction with small cohort coaching.
R&D Narratives in Annual Reports of European Biopharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Dyczkowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

This study has two objectives. Firstly, it explores how do R&D narratives differ in various clusters of biopharmaceutical companies in terms of discussion context and text readability. Secondly, it examines whether the way how biopharmaceutical companies depict their business within R&D context is dependent on R&D expenses or R&D intensity levels. The paper contributes to the literature in applying qualitative and quantitative methods.
Effects of Financial Crises on Latin American Economies-Colombia Case and the SMEs
Authors: SEGURA Jenny A. , SARMIENTO Victor J.
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes the most representative international financial crises in Colombia since 1990: the Asian crisis of 1997 and the Sub-Prime crisis of 2008 in the United States. Likewise, the impacts and their effects on national production in some Latin American countries are indicated. Finally, it is shown how financial literacy cushions the negative effects on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are of vital importance in the economy for its contribution to GDP and the generation of formal jobs.
Decision-Making in Planning International Freight Transport
Authors: Masłowski Dariusz , Dendera-Gruszka Małgorzata , Kulińska Ewa , Rut Joanna
Published: October 2020

The planning of international freight transport is one of the most important tasks carried out in transport companies. The aim of this publication is to improve the process of planning international transport by creating a generalized model presented on an example in Europe and a decision-making model developed for it. In the field of research methods, the methods of observation of transport service providers and analysis of existing data were used.
The De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE): A study of broadband radiometric measurements under icing conditions in the Arctic
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Morris Sara M. , Uttal Taneil , Burgener Ross , Hall Emiel , Kutchenreiter Mark , McComiskey Allison , Long Charles N. , Thomas Bryan D. , Wendell James
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Surface-based measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes using thermopile radiometers are made regularly around the globe for scientific and operational environmental monitoring. The occurrence of ice on sensor windows in cold environments – whether snow, rime, or frost – is a common problem that is difficult to prevent as well as difficult to correct in post-processing. The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) community recognizes radiometer icing as a major outstanding measurement uncertainty. Towards constraining this uncertainty, the De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE) was carried out at the NOAA Atmospheric Baseline Observatory in Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, from August 2017 to July 2018. The purpose of D-ICE was to evaluate existing ventilation and heating technologies developed to mitigate radiometer icing. D-ICE consisted of 20 pyranometers and 5 pyrgeometers operating in various ventilator housings alongside operational systems that are part of NOAA's Barrow BSRN station and the U.S. Dept. of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program North Slope of Alaska and Oliktok Point observatories. To detect icing, radiometers were monitored continuously using cameras, with a total of more than 1 million images of radiometer domes archived. Ventilator and ventilator/heater performance overall was skilful with the average of the systems mitigating 77 % of icing and many being 90+ % effective. Ventilators without heating elements were also effective and capable of providing heat through roughly equal contributions of waste energy from the ventilator fan and adiabatic heating downstream of the fan. This provided ~ 0.6 C of warming, enough to subsaturate the air up to a relative humidity (w.r.t. ice) of ~ 105 %. Because the mitigation technologies performed well, a near complete record of verified ice-free radiometric fluxes were assembled for the duration of the campaign. This well-characterized data set is suitable for model evaluation, in particular for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) first Special Observing Period (SOP1). We used the data set to calculate short- and long-term biases in iced sensors, finding that biases can be up to +60 W m−2 (longwave) and −211 to +188 W m−2 (shortwave). However, because of the frequency of icing, mitigation of ice by ventilators, cloud conditions, and the timing of icing relative to available sunlight, the biases in the monthly means were generally less than the aggregate uncertainty attributed to other conventional sources.
A study of polarimetric noise induced by satellite motion: Application to the 3MI and similar sensors
Authors: Hioki Souichiro , Riedi Jérôme , Djellali Mohamed S.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This study investigates the magnitude of the noise introduced by the co-registration and interpolation in computing Stokes vector elements from observations by the Multi-viewing, Multi-channel, Multi-polarisation Imager (3MI). The 2-D polarimetric measurements from the Second-Generation Global Imager (SGLI) are weighted and averaged to produce two proxy datasets of the 3MI measurements, with and without considering the effect of the satellite motion along the orbit. By comparing these two datasets, we estimate the magnitude of the noise introduced by co-registration and interpolation that are necessary to offset the satellite’s motion along the orbit. The results show that the noise is not symmetric about zero and not negligible when the intensity variability of the observed scene is large. The results are analyzed in four categories of pixels, and the most spread distribution of normalized polarized radiance difference is in the cloud-over-water category with the 5th to 95th percentile range being [−0.0051:−0.012]. The most spread distribution of degree of linear polarization difference is for the coastline category with the same percentile range being [−0.019:0.082]. A model using Monte Carlo simulation confirms that the magnitude of these errors over clouds are closely related to the spatial correlation in the horizontal cloud structure. For the cloud-over-water category, it is shown that the noise model developed in this study can statistically predict the magnitude and trends of the 3MI noise estimated from SGLI data. The obtained statistics and the simulation technique can be utilized to provide pixel-level quality information for 3MI Level 1B products. In addition, the simulation method can be applied to the past, current, and future spaceborne instruments with a similar design.
Nitrogen isotopic fractionations during nitric oxide production in an agricultural soil
Authors: Yu Zhongjie , Elliott Emily M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) emissions from agricultural soils play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry and represent an important pathway for loss of reactive nitrogen (N) to the environment. With recent methodological advances, there is growing interest in the natural abundance N isotopic composition (δ15N) of soil-emitted NO and its utility in providing mechanistic information on soil NO dynamics. However, interpretation of soil δ15N-NO measurements has been impeded by the lack of constraints on the isotopic fractionations associated with NO production and consumption in relevant microbial and chemical reactions. In this study, anoxic (0 % O2), oxic (20 % O2), and hypoxic (0.5 % O2) incubations of an agricultural soil were conducted to quantify the net N isotope effects (15η) for NO production in denitrification, nitrification, and abiotic reactions of nitrite (NO2−) using a newly developed δ15N-NO analysis method. A sodium nitrate (NO3−) containing mass-independent oxygen-17 excess (quantified by a Δ17O notation) and three ammonium (NH4+) fertilizers spanning a δ15N gradient were used in soil incubations to help illuminate the reaction complexity underlying NO yields and δ15N dynamics in a heterogeneous soil environment. We found strong evidence for the prominent role of NO2− oxidation under anoxic conditions in controlling the apparent 15η for NO production from NO3− in denitrification (i.e., 49 to 60 ‰). These results highlight the importance of an under-recognized mechanism for the reversible enzyme NO2− oxidoreductase to control the N isotope distribution between the denitrification products. Through a Δ17O-based modeling of co-occurring denitrification and NO2− re-oxidation, the 15η for NO2− reduction to NO and NO reduction to nitrous oxide (N2O) were constrained to be 15 to 22 ‰ and −8 to 2 ‰, respectively. Production of NO in the oxic and hypoxic incubations was contributed by both NH4+ oxidation and NO3− consumption, with both processes having a significantly higher NO yield under O2 stress. Under both oxic and hypoxic conditions, NO production from NH4+ oxidation proceeded with a large 15η (i.e., 55 to 84 ‰) possibly due to expression of multiple enzyme-level isotopic fractionations during NH4+ oxidation to NO2− that involves NO as either a metabolic byproduct or an obligatory intermediate for NO2− production. Adding NO2− to sterilized soil triggered substantial NO production, with a relatively small 15η (19 ‰). Applying the estimated 15η values to a previous δ15N measurement of in situ soil NOx emission (NOx = NO + NO2) provided promising evidence for the potential of δ15N-NO measurements in revealing NO production pathways. Based on the observational and modeling constraints obtained in this study, we suggest that simultaneous δ15N-NO and δ15N-N2O measurements can lead to unprecedented insights into the sources of and processes controlling NO and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
Quantifying paleo-reconstruction skill of the Southern Annular
Mode in a model framework
Authors: Huiskamp Willem , McGregor Shayne
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Past attempts to reconstruct the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) using paleo archives have resulted in records which can differ significantly from one another prior to the window over which the proxies are calibrated. This study attempts to quantify not only the skill with which we may expect to reconstruct the SAM, but also assess the contribution of regional bias in proxy selection and the impact of non-stationary proxy-SAM teleconnections on a resulting reconstruction. This is achieved using a pseudo-proxy framework with output from the CM2.1 global climate model. Reconstructions derived from precipitation fields perform better, with 89 % of reconstructions calibrated over a 61 year window able to reproduce at least 50 % of inter-annual variance in the SAM, as opposed to just 25 % for surface temperature (SAT) derived reconstructions. Non-stationarity of proxy-SAM teleconnections, as defined here, plays a negligible role in reconstructions, however the range in reconstruction skill is not negligible. Reconstructions were most likely to be skilful when proxies are sourced from a geographically broad region, with a network size of 70 proxies.
Bayesian estimation of Earth’s climate sensitivity and transient
climate response from observational warming and heat content
datasets
Authors: Goodwin Philip , Cael B. B.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Future climate change projections, impacts and mitigation targets are directly affected by how sensitive Earth’s global mean surface temperature is to anthropogenic forcing, expressed via the effective climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR). However, the ECS and TCR are poorly constrained, in part because historic observations and future climate projections consider the climate system under different response timescales with potentially different climate feedback strengths. Here, we evaluate ECS and TCR by using historic observations of surface warming, since the mid-19th century, and ocean heat uptake, since the mid 20th century, to constrain a model with independent climate feedback components acting over multiple response timescales. Adopting a Bayesian approach, our prior uses a constrained distribution for the instantaneous Planck feedback combined with wide-ranging uniform distributions of the strengths of the fast feedbacks (acting over several days) and slow feedbacks (acting over decades). We extract posterior distributions by applying likelihood functions derived from different combinations of observational datasets. The resulting TCR distributions are similar when using different historic datasets: from a TCR of 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7 at 5–95 % range) °C, up to 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) °C. However, the posterior probability distribution for ECS on a 100-year response timescale varies depending on which combinations of temperature and heat content anomaly datasets are used: from ECS of 2.2 (1.5 to 4.5) °C, for datasets with less historic warming, up to 2.8 (1.8 to 6.1) °C, for datasets with more historic warming. Our results demonstrate how differences between historic climate reconstructions imply significant differences in expected future global warming.
Confined fission track revelation in apatite: how it works and why it matters
Authors: Ketcham Richard A. , Tamer Murat T.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We present a new model for the etching and revelation of confined fission tracks in apatite, based on step etching measurements that demonstrate variable along-track etching velocity, vT(x). We define two end-member model forms: Constant-core, with a central zone of constant etching rate that then falls off toward track tips; and Linear, in which etching rates fall linearly from the midpoint to the tips. Based on these, we construct a characterization of confined track revelation that encompasses all of the relevant processes, including penetration and thickening of semi-tracks from the polished grain surface, intersection of confined tracks, and analyst selection of which tracks to measure and which to bypass. Both model forms are able to fit step-etching data from five sets of paired experiments of fossil tracks and unannealed and annealed induced tracks, supporting the correctness of our approach and providing a series of insights into the theory and practice of fission-track thermochronology. Etching rates for annealed induced tracks are much faster than those for unannealed induced and spontaneous tracks, impacting the relative efficiency of both confined track length and density measurements, and suggesting that high-temperature laboratory annealing may induce a transformation in track cores that does not occur at geological conditions of partial annealing. The model quantifies how variation in analyst selection criteria, summarized as the ratio of along-track to bulk etching velocity at the track tip (vT/vB), likely plays a first-order role in the reproducibility of confined length measurements. It also shows that a large proportion of tracks that are intersected are not measured, indicating that length biasing is an insufficient statistical model for predicting the relative probability of detection of different track populations. The vT(x) model provides an approach to both optimizing etching conditions and linking track length measurements across etching protocols.
pyPI (v1.3): Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python
Authors: Gilford Daniel M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Potential intensity (PI) is the maximum speed limit of a tropical cyclone found by modeling the storm as a thermal heat engine. Because there are significant correlations between PI and actual storm wind speeds, PI is a useful diagnostic for evaluating or predicting tropical cyclone intensity climatology and variability. Previous studies have calculated PI given a set of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, but although a PI algorithm – originally developed by Kerry Emanuel – is in widespread use, it remains under-documented. The Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python (pyPI, v1.3) package develops the PI algorithm in Python, and for the first time details the full background and algorithm (line-by-line) used to compute tropical cyclone potential intensity constrained by thermodynamics. The pyPI package (1) provides a freely available, flexible, validated Python PI algorithm, (2) carefully documents the PI algorithm and its Python implementation, and (3) demonstrates and encourages the use of PI theory in tropical cyclone analyses. Validation shows pyPI output is nearly identical to the previous potential intensity computation, but is an improvement on the algorithm's consistency and handling of missing data. Example calculations with reanalyses data demonstrate pyPI's usefulness in climatological and meteorological research. Planned future improvements will improve on pyPI's assumptions, flexibility, and range of applications and tropical cyclone thermodynamic calculations.
GRACE-FO Mission Status
Authors: Landerer Felix , Flechtner Frank , Bettadpur Srinivas , McCullough Christopher , Save Himanshu , Dahle Christoph
Published: October 2020

We will present a high-level overview of the GRACE Follow-On mission status, science and instrument performance, and future plans. GRACE-FO has now delivered over two years of monthly gravity field and mass changes map since Jun-2018. These unique observations extend the global mass change climate data record to almost two decades, and allow detailed quantification and process studies of ice melt, sea level changes, and land water storage variations.