bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Guideline‐Recommended Therapy—Including Supervised Exercise Therapy Referral—Across Peripheral Artery Disease Specialty Clinics: Insights From the International PORTRAIT Registry
Authors: Saxon John T. , Safley David M. , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos , Heyligers Jan , Fitridge Robert , Shishehbor Mehdi , Spertus John A. , Gosch Kensey , Patel Manesh R. , Smolderen Kim G.
Published: January 2020

Background

Underuse of guideline‐recommended therapy in peripheral artery disease (
PAD
) in administrative and procedural databases has been described, but reports on medically managed patients and referral to supervised exercise therapy (
SET
) in
PAD
are lacking. We aimed to document the use of
PAD
guideline‐recommended therapy, including
SET
in patients with
PAD
symptoms consulting a specialty clinic across 3 countries.

Methods and Results

The 16‐center PORTRAIT (Patient‐Centered Outcomes Related to Treatment Practices in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Investigating Trajectories) registry enrolled 1275 patients with new or an exacerbation of
PAD
symptoms (2011–2015). We prospectively documented antiplatelet medications, statins, smoking cessation counseling and/or therapy, and referral to
SET
: “2 quality measures” referred to the use of both statin and antiplatelet medications; “4 quality measures” to receiving all 4 measures. Median odds ratios were calculated to quantify treatment variation across sites. A total of 89% patients were on antiplatelets, 83% on statins, and 23% had been referred to
SET
. Of 455 current smokers, 342 (72%) patients received smoking cessation therapy/counseling. Overall, 77.2% of patients received “2 quality measures” and 19.7% “4 quality measures.” The median odds ratio for 2 quality measures was 2.13 (95%
CI
, 1.61–3.56;
P
<0.001) and for 4 quality measures was 5.43 (95%
CI
, 2.84–17.91;
P
<0.001). Variability in adherence was not explained by country, except for referral to
SET
. The odds for
SET
referral in The Netherlands (70% referral rate) was nearly 100 times greater than in
US
sites (2% referral rate).

Conclusions

Not all patients who have undergone a
PAD
workup at a specialty care facility are treated with evidence‐based care, especially so for
SET
.
Healthy Hearts via Live Videoconferencing: An Exercise and Diet Intervention in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chen Angela C. , Ramirez Faustine D. , Rosenthal David N. , Couch Sarah C. , Berry Samuel , Stauffer Katie J. , Brabender Jerrid , McDonald Nancy , Lee Donna , Barkoff Lynsey , Nourse Susan E. , Kazmucha Jeffrey , Wang C. Jason , Olson Inger , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda
Published: January 2020

Background

Pediatric heart transplant recipients have high‐risk cardiovascular profiles that can affect their long‐term outcomes; however, promoting exercise and healthy diet has not been a major focus in the field. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and impact of a supervised exercise and diet intervention delivered via live videoconferencing in this population.

Methods and Results

Patients 8 to 19 years of age at least 1 year post heart transplantation were enrolled. The 12‐ to 16‐week intervention phase included live video–supervised exercise (×3/week) and nutrition (×1/week) sessions. The 12‐ to 16‐week maintenance phase included ×1/week live video–supervised exercise and nutrition sessions and ×2/week self‐directed exercise sessions. Cardiac, vascular, nutritional, and functional health indices were obtained at baseline, after intervention, and after maintenance. Fourteen patients (median age, 15.2; interquartile range, 14.3–16.7 years) at a median of 3.3 (interquartile range, 1.5–9.7) years after heart transplant completed the intervention. Patients attended 89.6±11% of exercise and 88.4±10% of nutrition sessions during the intervention and 93.4±11% of exercise and 92.3±11% of nutrition sessions during maintenance. After intervention, body mass index percentile (median, −27%;
P
=0.02), endothelial function (median, +0.29;
P
=0.04), maximum oxygen consumption (median, +2 mL/kg per minute;
P
=0.002). Functional Movement Screening total score (median, +2.5;
P
=0.002) and daily consumption of saturated fat (median, −6 g;
P
=0.02) improved significantly. After maintenance, improvements in maximum oxygen consumption (median, +3.2 mL/kg per minute;
P
=0.02) and Functional Movement Screening total score (median, +5;
P
=0.002) were sustained.

Conclusions

In pediatric heart transplant recipients, a live video–supervised exercise and diet intervention is feasible. Our results demonstrate excellent adherence with significant improvements in cardiovascular and functional health.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02519946.
The Welfare Consequences of Centralization: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Switzerland
Authors: Flèche Sarah
Published: January 2020

Many countries are reallocating tasks and powers to more central levels of government. To identify centralization's welfare effects, I use a difference-in-differences design that relies on time and cross-cantonal variation in the implementation of centralization reforms in Switzerland. I find that centralization provokes significant decreases in residents' life satisfaction. I identify one mechanism driving the effect: the procedural disutility that individuals experience from having less influence over the formulation of political decisions. This effect is largest among individuals with higher expected benefits from being involved in the political decision process, with detrimental effects on local political participation.
The Tyranny of the Single-Minded: Guns, Environment, and Abortion
Authors: Bouton Laurent , Conconi Paola , Pino Francisco , Zanardi Maurizio
Published: January 2020

We study how electoral incentives affect policy choices on secondary issues, which only minorities of voters care intensely about. We develop a model in which office and policy-motivated politicians vote in favor of or against regulations on these issues. We derive conditions under which politicians flip-flop, voting according to their policy preferences at the beginning of their terms but in line with the preferences of single-issue minorities as they approach reelection. To assess the evidence, we study U.S. senators' votes on gun control, the environment, and reproductive rights. In line with the model's predictions, we find that election proximity has a pro-gun effect on Democratic senators and a pro-environment effect on Republican senators; these effects arise for senators who are not retiring, do not hold safe seats, and represent states where the single-issue minority is of intermediate size. Also in line with our theory, election proximity does not affect votes on reproductive rights due to the presence of single-issue minorities on both sides.
The Virtuous Cycle of Property
Authors: Fabbri Marco , Dari-Mattiacci Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

This paper shows that formalizing private property rights has a positive effect on the propensity to respect the property of others. We study a recent large-scale land tenure reform in West Africa that was the first of its kind to be implemented as a randomized control trial. Results of a modified dictator game show that the formalization of private property rights reduced an individual's willingness to take from others' endowment. We used additional experimental measures and postexperimental survey data to rule out alternative explanations for the observed behavior that do not imply a change in preferences.
Premarital Sex in Biblical Law: a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Shveka Avi , Faust Avraham
Published: January 2020

It is commonly held in recent scholarship that biblical law, like the society in which it was generated, did not regard premarital sex as a severe offence. The law of the slandered bride (Deut 22:13-22), which determines that a bride that was found non-virgin on her wedding night shall be killed, has therefore become during the last decades a riddle for biblical law researchers, who try to explain the girl’s sin in various ways. We claim that this view ignores the wealth of ethnographic data that shows that harsh treatment of premarital sex is common, especially in patrilineal and patrilocal societies (as was ancient Israelite society). Moreover, a reexamination of other biblical laws regarding sexual conduct in light of the same ethnographic data shows that they reflect the very same attitudes. The different laws are not contradictory but rather complementary—all reflecting a typical patriarchal, androcentric, traditional society.
The Miracle of the Sun and Moon in Joshua 10 as a Solar Eclipse
Authors: Vainstub Daniel , Yizhaq Hezi , Avner Uzi
Published: January 2020

This paper offers an interpretation of the astronomical phenomenon described in Josh 10:12-13 as an annular solar eclipse. According to NASA data, this type of eclipse was seen in the skies of central Israel, where the ancient city of Gibeon was located, on October 30, 1207 BCE. A philological analysis of both Joshua 10 and Habakkuk 3 shows that the phenomenon is described using polysemic verbs in poetic style, describing the darkening of the sun by the moon “standing” in front of it.
Language, Exegesis, and Creative Writing in Chronicles
Authors: Joosten Jan
Published: January 2020

The verb התחפש is well-known in the meaning “to disguise oneself,” but this meaning does not seem to fit its context in 2 Chron 35:22. Why would Josiah disguise himself when going to battle with Necho? In this paper it will be argued that the verb was borrowed from the story on Micah ben Yimlah (1 Kgs 22:30) in the course of the Chronicler’s reshaping of Josiah in the image of Ahab, but that its semantics reflect a later interpretation of some elements in that story. The later interpretation is attested independently in the Peshitta and the Vulgate where התחפש is rendered as “to arm oneself.”
Tracing Text Types in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Van Peursen Wido
Published: January 2020

Weinrich’s monograph Tempus: besprochene und erzählte Welt (1964) had a tremendous influence on the study of Biblical Hebrew. Studies by Schneider, Talstra and Niccacci and others are strongly influenced by Weinrich. In the ETCBC database of the Hebrew Bible, initiated by Eep Talstra in the 1970s, some of Weinrich’s insights have been integrated. Amidst hundreds of studies in general linguistics, why was it precisely this book that had such a great impact? How should we evaluate this impact? Are Weinrich’s insights still useful or have they become outdated? In this article we describe the introduction of Weinrich’s insights into Biblical studies and some developments that have taken place since then, both in general linguistics and in Biblical studies. We further describe and evaluate the classification of Biblical Hebrew text types which developed from these insights
Midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) select their diurnal refuges based on hydric and thermal properties
Authors: Lange Léa , Brischoux François , Lourdais Olivier
Published: January 2020

Most amphibians use both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. While the aquatic phase attracted considerable interest, terrestrial habitat use is often less investigated. We studied diurnal refuge selection in the Midwife toad in Western central France. We used a factorial design and tested the effect of refuge type (wood versus rubber boards) and substrate (wet sawdust versus bare soil). Most animals were observed under refuges with sawdust substrate. An interaction between refuge type and temperature was detected with higher presence probability under rubber refuges at low temperature. Conflicting hydric and thermic requirements are likely determinants of the observed pattern.
Is Sino-Africa Bilateral Trade More than Resource Focused? The Rhetoric and the Reality
Authors: Alemu Aye , Zhang Wenqing
Published: January 2020

This study uses an augmented dynamic gravity model to identify the main contributing factors influencing bilateral trade between China and 46 African countries in general and to test whether Sino-Africa bilateral trade is more than resource focused in particular. Natural resource was captured by “oil exports” and “ores & metal exports,” and the empirical analysis verifies only “oil” not “ores & metals” to significantly influence the growing Sino-Africa bilateral trade. Thus, the empirical result partially supports the widely held view that natural resources are critical to bilateral trade between China and African countries. However, it is not true that Chinese engagement in Africa is exclusively due to natural resources as always portrayed. Apart from the oil factor, some other significant factors for the growing bilateral trade are identified. The study indicates there is a huge opportunity and potential for rapid expansion of Sino-Africa bilateral trade that is mutually beneficial.
Assessing Borrowing
Authors: Azize Joseph
Published: January 2020

The history of esoteric currents cannot be intrinsically closed to scholarly research and query. Here, we shall examine just one question: that of methodology in examining the sources of esoteric systems. We shall take but one case study: that of Tobias Churton’s recent book-length efforts to “deconstruct” George Ivanovich Gurdjieff and his teaching. Like others before him, he traces diverse aspects of Gurdjieff’s teaching to different sources, viewing Gurdjieff as a synthesiser, who disguised his debt to Western Esotericism and presented it as his “Fourth Way”. How can such a theory be evaluated? Is it possible to draw up a canon of principles for assessing borrowing? In evaluating borrowing, does the whole of a teaching possess a significance over and above the parts? What is the significance of the phenomenon of borrowing? After noting some results of research on inter-cultural borrowings in ancient mythology, I make suggestions for sound methodology.
Towards the Interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist Deacons
Authors: Chapman David M.
Published: January 2020

This article examines the prospects for the interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist deacons in Britain with reference to the latest teaching document from the Methodist Church concerning the diaconate. Drawing on this resource, as well as the present ordinals of the Church of England and the Methodist Church, the article demonstrates how Anglicans and Methodists converge in their theological understanding that deacons participate in the martyria, diakonia and leitourgia of the Church – including the ministry of word and sacrament – in ways proper to their office and by virtue of their ordination. The article concludes by posing questions for further investigation concerning the relationship between the diaconate and presbyterate.
Intra-seasonal trends in phloem traits in Pinus spp. from drought-prone environments
Authors: Balzano Angela , De Micco Veronica , Čufar Katarina , De Luis Martin , Gričar Jožica
Published: January 2020

Recent studies on the seasonal dynamics of secondary tissue formation in Mediterranean trees have shown that xylogenesis depends on species and site conditions, but many questions still remain open. On the other side of the cambium, even less information is available about phloem structure and timing of its formation. We analysed intra-annual phloem variation in width and cell traits in the conducting, non-collapsed phloem (CPH) of Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis at Mediterranean sites in southern Italy and Spain. In all investigated trees, it was possible to differentiate among the non-conducting, collapsed phloem (NCPH), and the CPH. CPH showed no evident annual growth layers; no differences in radial dimensions of early- and late phloem sieve cells, and no cyclic patterns of axial parenchyma distribution. Since it was not possible to study the seasonality of the phloem growth, we analysed the entire CPH. CPH width showed seasonal fluctuations and was generally the widest during the maximum cambial activity and narrowest during summer and winter. The radial size of newly formed sieve cells varied in relation to seasonal dynamics of cambial activity and fluctuations in local weather conditions. The number of axial parenchyma cells in CPH increased during the summer. The observed intra-annual variations in CPH width and structure seemed to be correlated with seasonal weather conditions in order to ensure a sufficient amount of conducting phloem tissue for translocation of photosynthates and signalling molecules to the actively growing tissues along the stem of a tree growing in the harsh Mediterranean conditions.
La Peau de Weltliteratur
Authors: Valentine Colton Alexander
Published: January 2020

Honoré de Balzac’s La Peau de chagrin is a window into a pivotal moment in the international circulation of the idea of Weltliteratur. Published just four years after Goethe coined the term, Balzac’s novel both instantiated and theorized the concept. To make this case, I first trace the novel’s transtextual dialogue with Goethe’s theater and theory. Then, drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Gisèle Sapiro, I specify which tenets of Goethe’s model hold and which shift in that transfer. Heightened Eurocentricism speaks to a distinction between the French and German literary fields, mediated by the newspaper Le Globe. Increased skepticism toward the regime is mediated by Balzac himself, revealing a peculiar class of agents of Weltliteratur: conscious beneficiaries who remained, paradoxically, unwilling participants.
The Jesuits in Japan and Asian Poetries in Moveable Type
Authors: Niedermaier Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

In 1600, Japan-based Jesuits printed a moveable-type edition of the Wakan rōeishū (The Collection of Japanese and Chinese resonant verse), a bilingual anthology of classical Japanese and Chinese poetry that had long been an emblem of Japan’s literary world. Made to educate Japanese and foreigners alike in the scripts, languages, and literatures of Japan, the Amakusa Rōeishū was a component of an educational and evangelizing mission. Although it was neither translated into European languages nor widely circulated, the Amakusa Rōeishū represents an alternative to prevailing conceptions of world literature in its capacity to invite and challenge readers to work through its (decreasingly) foreign systems of meaning. By redesigning the anthology’s title page, reediting its contents, and repositioning it on a multilingual and multidirectional curriculum, Jesuit printers and teachers invited an incommensurate ecumene of readers to work through a singular text from a plurality of directions.
Greek Lyric of the Archaic and Classical Periods
Authors: Fearn David
Published: January 2020

What is distinctive about Greek lyric poetry? How should we conceptualize it in relation to broader categories such as literature / song / music / rhetoric / history? What critical tools might we use to analyze it? How do we, should we, can we relate to its intensities of expression, its modes of address, its uses of myth and imagery, its attitudes to materiality, its sense of its own time, and its contextualizations? These are the questions that this discussion seeks to investigate, exploring and analysing a range of influential methodologies that have shaped the recent history of the field.
Description of the last instar larva of Peristicta aeneoviridis Calvert, 1909 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: SCHRÖDER NOELIA M. , ANJOS-SANTOS DANIELLE , RIPPEL CAMILA G. , PESSACQ PABLO
Published: January 2020

The larva of Peristicta aeneoviridis Calvert, 1909 is described for the first time, based on material from Misiones Province, Argentina. It differs from the rest of the larvae described for the genus in the shape and coloration of caudal lamellae, femur setae, lacinia teeth and coloration patterns. Additions to the description of the larva of P. forceps Hagen in Selys, 1860 are included.
A new species of Microcurgus Haupt, 1950 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from Oman
Authors: AL-JAHDHAMI ALI , SCHMID-EGGER CHRISTIAN
Published: January 2020

Microcurgus samedensis is described from Northern Oman by a single female. It represents the first record of the genus from the Arabian Peninsula. A key to females from the Palearctic region is given.
miR-155 Regulates GSK-3β Expression and Affects Cartilage Matrix Degradation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Xianjun , Shi Lin , Pang Qingjiang , Yu Xiao , Yang Ji
Published: January 2020

Abnormal expression of GSK-3β is associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The miR-155 expression in cartilage tissue of OA patients was significantly elevated. A relationship between miR-155 and GSK-3β is predicted by the software. This study
investigated whether miR155 regulates GSK-3β expression, affects Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in OA. The cartilage tissues of OA patients and normal cartilage tissues after traumatic amputation were collected. The OA rat model was established and divided into OA +
antagomir control group, OA + miR-155 antagomir group followed by analysis of expression of miR-155, GSK-3β, β-catenin and COL2A1 by qRT-PCR, Hyp content by ELISA, caspase-3 activity, and GSK-3β, β-catenin, COL2A1 expression by western blot.
Compared to control group, the expression of miR-155 and -catenin in cartilage tissue of OA patients was significantly elevated and GSK-3β level was reduced. There was a targeted regulation relationship between miR-155 and GSK-3β. OA group had significantly higher miR-155
and β-catenin expression and lower GSK-3 and COL2A1 level in the cartilage than sham group. Compared with OA + antagomir control group, miR-155 and β-catenin expression and caspase-3 activity in OA + miR-155 antagomir group were significantly decreased, with increased
expression of GSK3β and COL2A1 and reduced Hyp content. Increased miR-155 expression can decrease GSK-3β expression, enhance Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, promote the degradation and destruction of cartilage matrix and inhibit miR-155 expression, thus
ameliorating the development and progress of OA.
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 Promote Invasion and Migration of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Shi Dong-Hui , Jin Jiang
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 on cell migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) though epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The ESCC cell lines (ECA-109, KYSE-30, KYSE-410, KYSE-520) and normal esophageal
epithelial cells (HEEC) were cultured. ECA-109 cells were then chosen to be transfected with the plasmids of MMP-12 over-expression, MMP-12 inhibitor, E-cad over-expression and empty control vectors. The protein and mRNA levels of MMP-12 were detected using western blot and qRT-PCR analysis.
Transwell and wound healing assays were used to assess cell invasion and migration. Results indicated that MMP-12 was upregulated significantly in all the ESCC cell lines. Overexpression of MMP-12 increased MMP-12 expression, and the abilities of invasion and migration of ECA-109 cells. Overexpression
of MMP-12 increased the expression of N-cad and vimentin, but decreased E-cad expression. Additionally, we found that cells treated with inhibitor-MMP-12 were opposite to the above results. Moreover, up-regulation of E-cad were eliminated all effects on ECA-109 cells caused by MMP-12 over-expression.
In conclusion, MMP-12 promoted ECA-109 cells migration and invasion by the alteration of the EMT marker protein, which is one of its mechanisms. Therefore, MMP-12 may be a new therapeutic target for ESCC.
MiR-544a Regulates Synovial Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Migration and Apoptosis by Targeting E2F2
Authors: Pan Lingxiao , Gan Kaifeng
Published: January 2020

In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of MiR-544a in inhibiting the proliferation and promoting apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells. Detected the expression of MiR-544 and E2F2 in Normal Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (NFLs) and Rheumatoid arthritis Fibroblast-like
synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) by RT-qPCR and western blot. The target genes of MiR-544a were predicted by miRDB and were verified with the luciferase reporter system and western blot. The E2F2 overexpression plasmid was constructed and transfected into RAFLS. Cell apoptosis were detected by CCK-8.
Wound healing and transwell assay were employed to detect cell invasion ability. The expression of E2F2, MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by Western blot. Further, the level of apoptosis and live cells were detected by flow cytometry DAPI staining, respectively. The expression of cell proliferation,
apoptosis and migration-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The expression of miR-544 in RA-FLSs is significantly lower than that in NFLs and E2F2 is increased in RA-FLSs. E2F2 is one of the target genes of miR-544a by miRDB detection and luciferase activity assay. Overexpression
of miR-544 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis by targeting E2F2 in RA-FLSs. MiR-544a regulates synovial cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis by targeting E2F2, which is expected to be an attractive target for the development of new drugs for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
A consistency-guaranteed approach for Internet of Things software refactoring
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sun Shixin , Zhang Dongwen , Qiu Jing , Tian Zhihong
Published: January 2020

The software architecture of Internet of Things defines the component model and interconnection topology of Internet of Things systems. Refactoring is a systematic practice of improving a software structure without altering its external behaviors. When the Internet of Things software is refactored, it is necessary to detect the correctness of Internet of Things software to ensure its security. To this end, this article proposes a novel refactoring correction detection approach to ensure software security. Control flow analysis and data flow analysis are used to detect code changes before and after refactoring, and synchronization dependency analysis is used to detect changes in synchronization dependency. Three detection algorithms are designed to detect refactoring correctness. Four real-world benchmark applications are used to evaluate our approach. The experimental results show that our proposed approach can ensure correctness of Internet of Things software refactoring.
Organization of intensive cardiac care units in Europe: Results of a multinational survey
Authors: Claeys MJ , Roubille F , Casella G , Zukermann R , Nikolaou N , De Luca L , Gierlotka M , Iakobishvili Z , Thiele H , Koutouzis M , Sionis A , Monteiro S , Beauloye C , Held C , Tint D , Zakke I , Serpytis P , Babic Z , Belohlavev J , Magdy A , Sivagowry Rasalingam M , Daly K , Arroyo D , Vavlukis M , Radovanovic N , Trendafilova E , Marandi T , Hassenger C , Lettino M , Price S , Bonnefoy E
Published: January 2020

Background:

The present survey aims to describe the intensive cardiac care unit organization and admission policies in Europe.

Methods:

A total of 228 hospitals (61% academic) from 27 countries participated in this survey. In addition to the organizational aspects of the intensive cardiac care units, including classification of the intensive cardiac care unit levels, data on the admission diagnoses were gathered from consecutive patients who were admitted during a two-day period. Admission policies were evaluated by comparing illness severity with the intensive cardiac care unit level. Gross national income was used to differentiate high-income countries (n=13) from middle-income countries (n=14).

Results:

A total of 98% of the hospitals had an intensive cardiac care unit: 70% had a level 1 intensive cardiac care unit, 76% had a level 2 intensive cardiac care unit, 51% had a level 3 intensive cardiac care unit, and 60% of the hospitals had more than one intensive cardiac care unit level. High-income countries tended to have more level 3 intensive cardiac care units than middle-income countries (55% versus 41%, p=0.07). A total of 5159 admissions were scored on illness severity: 63% were low severity, 24% were intermediate severity, and 12% were high severity. Patients with low illness severity were predominantly admitted to level 1 intensive cardiac care units, whereas patients with high illness severity were predominantly admitted to level 2 and 3 intensive cardiac care units. A policy mismatch was observed in 12% of the patients; some patients with high illness severity were admitted to level 1 intensive cardiac care units, which occurred more often in middle-income countries, whereas some patients with low illness severity were admitted to level 3 intensive cardiac care units, which occurred more frequently in high-income countries.

Conclusion:

More than one-third of the admitted patients were considered intermediate or high risk. Although patients with higher illness severity were mostly admitted to high-level intensive cardiac care units, an admission policy mismatch was observed in 12% of the patients; this mismatch was partly related to insufficient logistic intensive cardiac care unit capacity.
How I Treat the Toxicities of Pegasparaginase in Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Aldoss Ibrahim , Douer Dan
Published: January 2020

Administering asparaginase has always been problematic in adults since most general oncologists who treat adults are not familiar with its usage and toxicity. The toxicity profile of the drug is unique and not observed with any other chemotherapy agent. Furthermore, asparaginase is almost exclusively used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) which is a very rare cancer in adults. Currently, the long acting pegylated form (pegasparaginase) is the only E. coli-derived asparaginase available in the US. The utilization of pediatric regimens is likely to lead to more adult patients receiving multiple doses of pegasparaginase. However, oncologists who treat adults may still be reluctant to use pegasparaginase or may unnecessarily discontinue its administration because of certain adverse effects. As a result, the clinical benefit of multiple doses of pegasparaginase will be missed. Despite the fact that pegasparaginase is associated with unique toxicities, the majority are non-fatal, manageable and reversible. Here, we describe real life cases of adults with ALL who were treated with pediatric-inspired regimens incorporating pegasparaginase to illustrate the management of several pegasparaginase-associated adverse effects and guide if and how to continue the drug.
Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures
Authors: Choudhary Mayank NK , Friedman Ryan Z. , Wang Julia T. , Jang Hyo Sik , Zhuo Xiaoyu , Wang Ting
Published: January 2020

Background

Transposable elements (TEs) make up half of mammalian genomes and shape genome regulation by harboring binding sites for regulatory factors. These include binding sites for architectural proteins, such as CTCF, RAD21, and SMC3, that are involved in tethering chromatin loops and marking domain boundaries. The 3D organization of the mammalian genome is intimately linked to its function and is remarkably conserved. However, the mechanisms by which these structural intricacies emerge and evolve have not been thoroughly probed.

Results

Here, we show that TEs contribute extensively to both the formation of species-specific loops in humans and mice through deposition of novel anchoring motifs, as well as to the maintenance of conserved loops across both species through CTCF binding site turnover. The latter function demonstrates the ability of TEs to contribute to genome plasticity and reinforce conserved genome architecture as redundant loop anchors. Deleting such candidate TEs in human cells leads to the collapse of conserved loop and domain structures. These TEs are also marked by reduced DNA methylation and bear mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time.

Conclusions

TEs have long been considered a source of genetic innovation. By examining their contribution to genome topology, we show that TEs can contribute to regulatory plasticity by inducing redundancy and potentiating genetic drift locally while conserving genome architecture globally, revealing a paradigm for defining regulatory conservation in the noncoding genome beyond classic sequence-level conservation.
Automating Clinical Chart Review: An Open-Source Natural Language Processing Pipeline Developed on Free-Text Radiology Reports From Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Senders Joeky T. , Cho Logan D. , Calvachi Paola , McNulty John J. , Ashby Joanna L. , Schulte Isabelle S. , Almekkawi Ahmad Kareem , Mehrtash Alireza , Gormley William B. , Smith Timothy R. , Broekman Marike L.D. , Arnaout Omar
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to develop an open-source natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for text mining of medical information from clinical reports. We also aimed to provide insight into why certain variables or reports are more suitable for clinical text mining than others.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Various NLP models were developed to extract 15 radiologic characteristics from free-text radiology reports for patients with glioblastoma. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to optimize the hyperparameter settings and estimate model performance. We examined how model performance was associated with quantitative attributes of the radiologic characteristics and reports.

RESULTS

In total, 562 unique brain magnetic resonance imaging reports were retrieved. NLP extracted 15 radiologic characteristics with high to excellent discrimination (area under the curve, 0.82 to 0.98) and accuracy (78.6% to 96.6%). Model performance was correlated with the inter-rater agreement of the manually provided labels (ρ = 0.904; P < .001) but not with the frequency distribution of the variables of interest (ρ = 0.179; P = .52). All variables labeled with a near perfect inter-rater agreement were classified with excellent performance (area under the curve > 0.95). Excellent performance could be achieved for variables with only 50 to 100 observations in the minority group and class imbalances up to a 9:1 ratio. Report-level classification accuracy was not associated with the number of words or the vocabulary size in the distinct text documents.

CONCLUSION

This study provides an open-source NLP pipeline that allows for text mining of narratively written clinical reports. Small sample sizes and class imbalance should not be considered as absolute contraindications for text mining in clinical research. However, future studies should report measures of inter-rater agreement whenever ground truth is based on a consensus label and use this measure to identify clinical variables eligible for text mining.
Spinal Cord Stimulator Placement in Patient With von Willebrand Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Singla Priyanka , Kohan Lynn R.
Published: January 2020

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a regional neuropathic pain syndrome. Excruciating pain often interferes with patients’ ability to function normally. Spinal cord stimulators (SCS) have been effective in treating pain along with signs of sympathetic overactivity in patients with CRPS. Implantation of SCS is a high-risk interventional procedure with the potential for serious bleeding and neurological consequences in the spine. Meticulous evaluation and careful optimization are needed in patients with bleeding disorders.
François Jullien’s Unexceptional Thought
Authors: De Boever Arne
Published: January 2020

In this article, I argue that François Jullien’s thought draws into question the exceptionalism that typically constitutes Western thought. Consider, for example, the thought of the event, which is a thought of the break, the rupture, of radical caesura—of the miracle, which Jullien (who is also a thinker of Christianity) frequently mentions. It is the thought of the subject, the author, the artist, the genius, the sovereign, and the creator. Such exceptionalism is political as well as aesthetic. It is philosophical—ontological and metaphysical—as well as theological. If Jullien, in all his work, operates within what he calls “the divergence” between nonessentialist notions of Western thought and Chinese thought, I argue that he thereby illuminates Western exceptionalism and shows how Chinese thought is unexceptional, so as to exploit the resources of both.
On Womanly Nihilism
Authors: Marasco Robyn
Published: January 2020

This essay borrows the term “womanly nihilism” from an antifeminist misreading of Simone de Beauvoir in order to better understand her politics and philosophy and rethink her legacy for contemporary feminism. Through a close reading of The Ethics of Ambiguity and key chapters from The Second Sex, I argue that Beauvoir shares a critique of nihilism, though she gives the term more analytic precision and political purchase than those who would use the term against her. For Beauvoir, womanly nihilism—or the feminine will to nothingness—is paradoxically expressed in the desire for everything, or “having it all.” Wanting it all, says Beauvoir, must be considered in connection with the conditions under which women are permitted too little. She shows how the desire for all is a nihilistic compulsion to repeat and re-create the conditions of one’s injury, exclusion, and oppression. As corporate feminist icons encourage women to lean in, as “having it all” becomes the popular slogan for the feminism of the professional class, Beauvoir’s portrait of womanly nihilism provides an occasion to take stock of her lasting significance for us.
It’s Still There
Authors: Rabinowitz Paula
Published: January 2020

Daniel Blaufuks’s video Als Ob/As If formally interrogates the history of Holocaust imagery using a close visual examination of the 1944 “Staged Nazi Film” shot in Thereseinstadt. Layering his footage from present-day Terezín with a number of earlier films and television shows shot at or about the Nazi concentration camp, he contemplates the role of the image, both still and moving, in the creation of memory and history of the Holocaust. His video and phototextual book connect to literary explorations of the Czech concentration camp—by Georges Perec, W. G. Sebald, and Jiří Weil—as well as cinematic documentaries about the Nazi murder of European Jews by Alain Resnais, Claude Lanzmann, and Jean-Luc Godard. By focusing on contemporary Terezín, Blaufuks also brings to light aspects of memorialization within post-totalitarian societies investigated by filmmakers Petra Epperlein and Chantal Akerman, as well as by scholars of the Holocaust and post-Soviet Eastern Europe.
Class, Culture, and Killing
Authors: Robbins Bruce
Published: January 2020

In the final volume of a trilogy about the concept of culture and its relation to politics, Francis Mulhern defines a new genre, the condition of culture novel, and traces it from Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure and E. M. Forster’s Howards End to Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album and Zadie Smith’s On Beauty, reading off from it middleclass anxieties about the rise of the working-class movement. What does it mean about the novel or about the working-class movement itself that so many working-class characters are killed off by their aspiration to culture or are presented as murderers of their so-called superiors? Is the aspiration itself fundamentally flawed, or is the flaw in the novels? Mulhern’s persuasive allegorical readings can be read as a fascinating application of the Greimasian semiotic square as well as a renewal of Mulhern’s epic debate with the intellectual historian Stefan Collini, in the pages of New Left Review, over the proper relation between culture and politics.
American Elegy: A Triptych
Authors: Mariner Kathryn A.
Published: January 2020

On March 26, 2018, Jennifer Hart drove her SUV off a cliff along the northern coast of California with her partner and at least five of their transracially adopted Black children inside. Their remains were recovered at the crash site. As of this writing, a sixth child, Devonte, remains missing and is presumed dead. Four years before the crash, Devonte was famously photographed at the age of twelve, tearfully hugging a white police officer at a Ferguson rally in Portland, Oregon. By simultaneously occupying the feel-good spectacle of interracial intimacy and the everyday tragedy of interracial violence, Devonte embodies and embodied the conditions of contemporary Black life and death in the United States. His disappearance is intimately linked to other forms and histories of American state violence. Through cultural analysis, autoethnography, and poetic intervention, this essay performs wake work as a method for living with the unmournable.
Private Selves as Public Property: Black Women’s Self-Making in the Contemporary Moment
Authors: Jackson Jenn M.
Published: January 2020

The American imperial project exploits race, class, gender, and sexual differences in the name of the state. But in what ways has the transformative nature of American imperialism intervened in the public and private lives of Black women? This essay asks, What impact has the American imperial project had on Black women’s self-making throughout the twentieth century? The author draws on the autobiographical works of Black enslaved, postbellum, queer, and transgender contemporaries to show how Black women have resisted the fungibility of their bodies through processes of self-formation and self-reclamation. The author also relies on the theoretical works of critical race, queer, and feminist scholars to frame how that resistance—whether in the form of sexual freedom, reproductive choice, or independence from traditional systems of labor—represents a critical site of possibility for understanding Black women’s social and political life worlds today.
The Visual Side of Privacy: State-Incriminating, Coproduced Archives
Authors: Amir Maayan
Published: January 2020

In Eichmann in Jerusalem, Hannah Arendt illustrates the “lesser of two evils” principle by relating the peculiar story of a state archive of photographs of women in swimwear. During the Nazi period, she writes, to receive a marriage license Czech women applying to marry German soldiers were required to furnish a photograph of themselves dressed in swimwear. Taking its cue from this historic example, this study traces the evolution of a phenomenon the author describes as state-incriminating, coproduced archives, visual archives that are coproduced by representatives of the legal and political order in the name of law, and by the subjects who are obliged to participate in their creation: staging and documenting their own performance to become or remain lawful citizens. Examining this kind of visual surveillance and the “extraterritorial” quality of the produced images, a line is drawn to privacy infringement in today’s professed democracies.
Prenatal Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness: A Meta-analysis
Authors: CAI CHENXI , RUCHAT STEPHANIE-MAY , SIVAK ALLISON , DAVENPORT MARGIE H.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the influence of prenatal exercise on maternal cardiorespiratory health and fitness during pregnancy.

Methods

Online databases were searched up to February 25, 2019. Studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible, which contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise), comparator (no exercise intervention), and outcomes (maternal cardiorespiratory fitness, including V˙O2max, submaximal V˙O2, V˙O2 at anaerobic threshold, and cardiorespiratory health, including resting heart rate, and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures during pregnancy).

Results

From 2699 unique citations, 26 RCTs (N = 2292 women) were included. Of these, one study reported measured V˙O2max, seven reported predicted V˙O2max, three reported submaximal V˙O2, and two studies reported VO2AT. “Low”- to “high”-certainty evidence revealed that exercise was associated with improved predicted/measured V˙O2max (5 RCTs, n = 430; mean difference [MD], 2.77 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 5.21 mL·kg−1·min−1; I
2 = 69%), reduced resting heart rate (9 RCTs, n = 637; MD, −1.71 bpm; 95% CI, −3.24 to −0.19 bpm; I
2 = 13%), resting systolic blood pressure (16 RCTs, n = 1672; MD, −2.11 mm Hg; 95% CI, −3.71 to −0.51 mm Hg; I
2 = 69%), and diastolic blood pressure (15 RCTs, n = 1624; MD, −1.77 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.90 to −0.64 mm Hg; I
2 = 60%).

Conclusion

Prenatal exercise interventions improve maternal predicted/measured V˙O2max and reduce resting heart rate and blood pressure. This review highlights the need for additional high-quality studies of cardiorespiratory fitness (namely, V˙O2max and V˙O2 peak) in pregnancy.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019131249.
Analytics and Optimization Reduce Sewage Overflows to Protect Community Waterways in Kentucky
Authors: Tao Diana Qing , Pleau Martin , Akridge Angela , Fradet Olivier , Grondin François , Laughlin Stephanie , Miller Wolffie , Shoemaker Leslie
Published: January 2020

In partnership with Tetra Tech, the Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District in Kentucky pioneered the application of software that relies on sewer-monitoring data, weather forecasting, and data analytics for system optimization. Benefits include better flow routing, optimal filling and dewatering of storage basins and tunnels, and maximization of the use of treatment capacities.
Board Expertise and Executive Incentives
Authors: Meng Xiaojing , Tian Jie Joyce
Published: January 2020

We investigate how board expertise affects chief executive officer (CEO) incentives and firm value. The CEO engages in a sequence of tasks: first acquiring information to evaluate a potential project, then reporting his or her assessment of the project to the board, and finally implementing the project if it is adopted. We demonstrate that the CEO receives higher compensation when the board agrees with the CEO on the assessment of the project. Board expertise leads to (weakly) better investment decisions and helps motivate the CEO's evaluation effort; however, it may induce underreporting and reduce the CEO's incentives to properly implement the project. Consequently, if motivating the CEO to evaluate projects is the major concern (e.g., innovative industries), board expertise exhibits an overall positive effect on firm value; however, if motivating the CEO to implement projects is the major concern (e.g., mature industries), board expertise can harm firm value.

This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
inventive formation of teachers in between ethical, aesthetic and political weavings of academic writing
Authors: Dias Rosimeri de oliveira
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this work is to think about the thematics of the inventive formation of teachers crossed by the aesthetic activity of self writing. Therefore, we echo the question made by Maurice Blanchot when we confront the language of research in education linked to the requirement for its discontinuity, so that the written word is plural and involved with the movement of an aesthetic experience: “How to write in such a way that the continuity of the movement of writing might let interruption as meaning, and rupture as form, intervene fundamentally?” Two axes of analysis and intervention were investigated: the notion of self writing of Michel Foucault and the idea of text and outside the text of René Lourau. There are circles that aim to guide the reader in the trajectories of the research on inventive teacher formation and their diaristic fragments. The circles are not separated, but meet each other and resonate with the axes of self writing, of the text and of the outside the text, these being: research with; cartography; research diary and writing restitution. There are inventive resonances, where each diary fragment, more than being a fragment, is the expression of an action that constitutes effective practices open to intensities and differences. However, the work of the diary is reversed by taking it away from the standard, to be able to treat it closer to alterity, to the ethical, aesthetic and political subjectivity processes of inventive teacher formation.