bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complicated Grief Symptoms in Caregivers of Persons with Lung Cancer: The Role of Family Conflict, Intrapsychic Strains, and Hospice Utilization
Authors: Kramer Betty J. , Kavanaugh Melinda , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Walsh Matthew , Yonker James A.
Published: February 2011

Guided by a stress process conceptual model, this study examines social and psychological determinants of complicated grief symptoms focusing on family conflict, intrapsychic strains, and the potential moderating effect of care quality and hospice utilization. Relying on data from 152 spouse and adult child lung cancer caregiver survey respondents, drawn from an ancillary study of the Assessment of Cancer CarE and SatiSfaction (ACCESS) in Wisconsin, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine determinants of complicated grief. After controlling for contextual factors and time since death, complicated grief symptoms were higher among caregivers with less education, among families with lower prior conflict but higher conflict at the end-of-life, who had family members who had difficulty accepting the illness, and who were caring for patients with greater fear of death. Additionally, hospice utilization moderated the effect of fear of death on complicated grief. Findings suggest that family conflict, intrapsychic strains, and hospice utilization may help to explain the variability found in complicated grief symptoms among bereaved caregivers. Implications for enhancing complicated grief assessment tools and preventative interventions across the continuum of cancer care are highlighted.
Professionals' Experiences of Grief Counseling: Implications for Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice
Authors: Breen Lauren J.
Published: February 2011

Despite the escalating interest in grief interventions, there is a clear misalignment between contemporary grief research and grief counseling practices, and this disparity may limit intervention effectiveness. Semi-structured interviews with 19 grief counselors revealed their current practices of grief counseling. The counselors' descriptions of grief and their grief counseling practices were diverse and many were influenced by classic grief theories and the grief work hypothesis. The grief counselors described negotiating several issues and dilemmas in their work and provided recommendations for achieving greater exchange between research and practice. The findings have the potential to inform the delivery, efficacy, and relevance of grief counseling in Western Australia.
Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode among Patients with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sumanathissa Manannalage , De Silva Varuni A. , Hanwella Raveen
Published: February 2011

Objective:

To ascertain the prevalence of depression among pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV (SCID) to detect major depressive episode. Study was carried out in a nephrology outpatient clinic in Sri Lanka. Every fifth patient with CKD diagnosed according to the K/DQOI of the National Kidney Foundation of USA criteria stages 2–5 not undergoing dialysis was recruited. Primary outcome was major depressive episode diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID).

Results:

Sample consisted of 140 patients. Eighty-nine (63.6%) were male. The mean age was 57.9 years ( SD = 10.4). Only 41 (29.3%) were in paid employment. Percentage of patients in CKD stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 2.9%, 19.6%, 51.4%, and 25%, respectively. Only three patients had diabetes. One hundred and five were on treatment for hypertension. Prevalence of a major depressive episode was 27.9%. Among males, prevalence was 27% (95% CI 17.6–36.3) and among females, 29.4% (95% CI 16.5–42.4). Age, gender, income, employment status, and education were not associated with depression. The only significant variable associated with depression was patient's understanding of prognosis.

Conclusions:

Prevalence of major depressive episode among pre-dialysis CKD patients was 27.9%. Rate of depression diagnosed using a structured clinical interview was lower than that reported when screening instruments were used. The only significant variable associated with depression was patient's understanding of prognosis. Future studies should aim to identify risk factors for depression among patients with kidney disease.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness of a Spiritually-Based Intervention to Help Chronically Ill Adults
Authors: McCauley Jeanne , Haaz Steffany , Tarpley Margaret J. , Koenig Harold G. , Bartlett Susan J.
Published: February 2011

Objective:

Creative, cost-effective ways are needed to help older adults deal effectively with chronic diseases. Spiritual beliefs and practices are often used to deal with health problems. We evaluated whether a minimal intervention, consisting of a video and workbook encouraging use of patient spiritual coping, would be inoffensive and improve perceived health status.

Methods:

A randomized clinical trial of 100 older, chronically ill adults were assigned to a Spiritual (SPIRIT) or Educational (EDUC—standard cardiac risk reduction) intervention. Individuals in each group were shown a 28–minute video and given a workbook to complete over 4 weeks. Selected psychosocial and health outcome measures were administered at baseline and 6 weeks later.

Results:

Participants were mostly female (62%), with a mean age of 65.8 α 9.6 years and had an average of three chronic illnesses. More than 90% were Christian. At baseline, frequent daily spiritual experiences (DSE) were associated with being African American ( p < .05) and increased pain ( p < .01) and co-morbidities ( p < .01). Energy increased significantly ( p < .05) in the SPIRIT group and decreased in the EDUC group. Improvements in pain, mood, health perceptions, illness intrusiveness, and self-efficacy were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

A minimal intervention encouraging spiritual coping was inoffensive to patients, associated with increased energy, and required no additional clinician time.
Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Regulates Feeding Behavior via Melanocortin Pathway in the Hypothalamus
Authors: Kim Jae Geun , Park Byong Seo , Yun Chang Ho , Kim Hyun Jun , Kang Sang Soo , D’Elia Angela Valentina , Damante Giuseppe , Lee Ki-Up , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Eun Sook , Namgoong Il Seong , Kim Young Il , Lee Byung Ju
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE

α-Melanocyte–stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) control energy homeostasis by their opposing actions on melanocortin receptors (MC3/4R) in the hypothalamus. We previously reported that thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) controls feeding behavior in the hypothalamus. This study aims to identify the function of TTF-1 in the transcriptional regulation of AgRP and α-MSH synthesis for the control of feeding behavior.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

TTF-1 activity in AgRP and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription was examined using gel-shift and promoter assays and an in vivo model of TTF-1 synthesis inhibition by intracerebroventricular injection of an antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Double immunohistochemistry was performed to colocalize TTF-1 and AgRP or α-MSH in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). To determine whether TTF-1 action on food intake is mediated through MC3/4R, we measured changes in food intake upon intracerebroventricular injection of MC3/4R antagonists (SHU9119 and AgRP) into rat brain preinjected with the AS ODN.

RESULTS

TTF-1 stimulated AgRP but inhibited POMC transcription by binding to the promoters of these genes. TTF-1 was widely distributed in the hypothalamus, but we identified some cells coexpressing TTF-1 and AgRP or α-MSH in the ARC. In addition, intracerebroventricular administration of leptin decreased TTF-1 expression in the hypothalamus, and AS ODN-induced inhibition of TTF-1 expression decreased food intake and AgRP expression but increased α-MSH expression. Anorexia induced by the AS ODN was attenuated by the administration of MC3/4R antagonists.

CONCLUSIONS

TTF-1 transcriptionally regulates synthesis of AgRP and α-MSH in the ARC and affects feeding behavior via the melanocortin pathway.
Tubular Injury in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Is Prevented by Metformin
Authors: Takiyama Yumi , Harumi Tatsuo , Watanabe Jun , Fujita Yukihiro , Honjo Jun , Shimizu Norihiko , Makino Yuichi , Haneda Masakazu
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE

Chronic hypoxia has been recognized as a key regulator in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as seen in diabetic nephropathy, which is associated with the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. We assess here the effects of the biguanide, metformin, on the expression of HIF-1α in diabetic nephropathy using renal proximal tubular cells and type 2 diabetic rats.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We explored the effects of metformin on the expression of HIF-1α using human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTECs). Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF; Gmi-fa/fa) rats were treated from 9 to 39 weeks with metformin (250 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) or insulin.

RESULTS

Metformin inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation and the expression of HIF-1–targeted genes in HRPTECs. Although metformin activated the downstream pathways of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), neither the AMPK activator, AICAR, nor the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. In addition, knockdown of AMPK-α did not abolish the inhibitory effects of metformin on HIF-1α expression. The proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, completely eradicated the suppression of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation by metformin. The inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration similarly suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. Metformin significantly decreased ATP production and oxygen consumption rates, which subsequently led to increased cellular oxygen tension. Finally, metformin, but not insulin, attenuated tubular HIF-1α expression and pimonidazole staining and ameliorated tubular injury in ZDF rats.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation in diabetic nephropathy could be suppressed by the antidiabetes drug, metformin, through the repression of oxygen consumption.
Rising Rates of All Types of Diabetes in South Asian and Non-South Asian Children and Young People Aged 0–29 Years in West Yorkshire, U.K., 1991–2006
Authors: Harron Katie L. , Feltbower Richard G. , McKinney Patricia A. , Bodansky H. Jonathan , Campbell Fiona M. , Parslow Roger C.
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE

To investigate incidence trends of all diabetes types in all children and young people and in the south Asian subpopulation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Annual incidence per 100,000 and time trends (1991–2006) were analyzed for 2,889 individuals aged 0–29 years diagnosed with diabetes while resident in West Yorkshire, U.K.

RESULTS

Diagnoses comprised type 1 (83%), type 2 (12%), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (0.7%), “J”-type/other (0.1%), and uncertain/unclassified (4%). There was a lower incidence of type 1 and a threefold excess of type 2 in south Asians compared with non-south Asians. Type 1 incidence leveled out and type 2 increased after the first south Asian case of type 2 was diagnosed in 1999. Type 2 and unclassified diabetes incidence rose in all population subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS

The burden of diabetes increased over time for both ethnic groups, with a significant excess of type 2 diabetes in south Asians. The rising incidence of type 1 diabetes in south Asians attenuated as type 2 diabetes increased after 1999.
Combined Effect of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Impaired Fasting Glucose on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bae Ji Cheol , Rhee Eun Jung , Lee Won Young , Park Se Eun , Park Cheol Young , Oh Ki Won , Park Sung Woo , Kim Sun Woo
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether there is a difference in the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident diabetes based on the presence of impaired fasting glucose.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 7,849 individuals (5,409 men and 2,440 women) without diabetes, who underwent comprehensive health check-ups annually for 5 years, were categorized into four groups by the presence of impaired fasting glucose and NAFLD at baseline. The association between NAFLD and incident diabetes was evaluated separately in groups with normal and impaired fasting glucose.

RESULTS

For 4 years, the incidence of diabetes in the NAFLD group was 9.9% compared with 3.7% in the non-NAFLD group, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI 1.07–1.66). However, this higher risk for diabetes only existed in the impaired fasting glucose group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that NAFLD has an independent and additive effect on the development of diabetes under conditions of impaired insulin secretion.
Effects of transforming growth factor-β3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 on the pathogenesis of chronic mitral valvular disease in dogs
Authors: Obayashi Koji , Miyagawa-Tomita Sachiko , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Koyama Hidekazu , Nakanishi Toshio , Hirose Hisashi
Published: February 2011

Objective—To investigate the roles of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in development of chronic mitral valvular disease (CMVD) in dogs.

Sample Population—12 mitral valve leaflets collected from cadavers of 5 clinically normal dogs and from 7 dogs with CMVD.

Procedures—Expression of TGF-β isoforms 1, 2, and 3; MMPs 1, 2, 3, and 9; TGF-β receptor II (TβR-II); and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in mitral valves of dogs with CMVD was compared with that in mitral valves from clinically normal dogs. Additionally, responses of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to TGF-β3, MMP-3, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) as a suppressor of TGF-β3 were examined in vitro.

Results—Expression of TGF-β3, TβR-II, αSMA, and MMP-3 was only detected in mitral valves of dogs with CMVD. Concentrations of αSMA and proteoglycans in cultured VICs were significantly increased following incubation with TGF-β3; treatment with MMP-3 resulted in increased amounts of active and total TGF-β3, and total TGF-β3 in VICs was significantly decreased by incubation with ACEI.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that increased TGF-β3 and MMP-3 contribute to the pathogenesis of valvular degeneration associated with CMVD. In addition, it is possible that the use of ACEI could effectively block pathological alterations in VICs associated with CMVD in vitro.

Impact on Human Medicine—CMVD is associated with primary mitral valve prolapse and Marfan syndrome in humans. Results of the study reported here will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CMVD in dogs and humans.
Effect of feeding a high-protein diet following an 18-hour period of feed withholding on mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle of mature horses
Authors: Urschel Kristine L. , Escobar Jeffery , McCutcheon L. Jill , Geor Raymond J.
Published: February 2011

Objective—To determine the effect of refeeding following an 18-hour period of feed withholding on the phosphorylation of translation initiation factors in the skeletal muscle of mature horses.

Animals—8 adult horses.

Procedures—Following an 18-hour period of feed withholding, horses either continued to have feed withheld (postabsorptive state) or were fed 2 g/kg of a high-protein feed (33% crude protein) at time 0 and 30 minutes (postprandial state). Blood samples were taken throughout the experimental period. At 90 minutes, a biopsy specimen was taken from the middle gluteal muscle to measure the phosphorylation of translation initiation factors and tissue amino acid concentrations. Plasma glucose, insulin, and amino acid concentrations were also measured.

Results—Horses in the postprandial state had significantly higher plasma insulin, glucose, and amino acid concentrations than did those in the postabsorptive state at the time of biopsy. Refeeding significantly increased the phosphorylation state of riboprotein S6 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In mature horses, feeding resulted in increased mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and the mechanism appeared to be independent of an increase in Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. Results indicate that adult horses may be able to increase rates of muscle protein synthesis in response to feeding and that dietary amino acids appear to be the main mediators of this effect.
Prevalence of infectious diseases in cats and dogs rescued following Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Levy Julie K. , Lappin Michael R. , Glaser Amy L. , Birkenheuer Adam J. , Anderson Tara C. , Edinboro Charlotte H.
Published: February 2011

Objective—To determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of animal and zoonotic importance in cats and dogs rescued and transferred from the Gulf Coast region following Hurricane Katrina.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—414 dogs and 56 cats rescued and transferred from the Gulf Coast region within 4 months after the hurricane.

Procedures—EDTA-anticoagulated blood and serum samples were tested via PCR and serologic assays for infectious diseases.

Results—In dogs, prevalence was highest for anti-West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies (218/390 [55.9%]), Dirofilaria immitis antigen (195/400 [48.8%]), anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (92/366 [25.1%]), and hemotropic mycoplasma DNA (40/345 [11.9%]). The DNA of Bartonella spp, Ehrlichia spp, or Babesia spp or anti-canine influenza virus antibodies were identified in < 2% of dogs. In cats, prevalence was highest for antibodies against Bartonella spp and DNA of Bartonella spp combined (49/55 [89.1 %]), anti–T gondii antibodies (13/55 [23.6%]), hemotropic mycoplasma DNA (5/47 [10.6%]), anti-WNV antibodies (5/48 [10.4%]), D immitis antigen (4/50 [8.0%]), and anti–FIV antibodies (4/56 [7.1%]). A total of 308 (74.4%) dogs and 52 (92.9%) cats had evidence of previous or current vector-borne infections.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats and dogs rescued from the disaster region had evidence of multiple infectious diseases. The dispersal of potentially infectious animals to other regions of North America where some infections were not typically found could have contributed to new geographic ranges for these organisms or to underdiagnosis in affected animals because of a low index of suspicion in regions with low disease prevalence.
The Activity of Proximal Tubule Enzymes in the Urine of Cephalexin-Treated Patients
Authors: Vujić Tatjana , Uletilović Snežana , Predojević-Samardžić Jelica , Davidović-Plavšić Biljana , Stoisavljević-Šatara Svjetlana , Saničanin Živko
Published: January 2011

The Activity of Proximal Tubule Enzymes in the Urine of Cephalexin-Treated Patients

The activities of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), enzymes dominantly localised in the epithelial proximal tubule cells, were measured with an aim of determining the nephrotoxicity of a cephalosporin antibiotic cephalexin. Enzymatic activities were measured in the 12-h urine samples of patients receiving cephalexin orally for 15 days in daily doses of 50 mg/kg body mass against Gram-positive infections of the respiratory or urinary tract. The same enzymes were determined in the 12-h urine samples of the corresponding control. Both the control and the experimental group consisted of 30 examinees of both sexes, age range 3-10 years. Statistically significant differences in AAP and GGT activities expressed as U/mmol creatinine were recorded after 12 days of cephalexin therapy in comparison with the control (p < 0.01). At the same time, no significant differences in NAG activity of the patients in relation to the control were observed during the entire course of the therapy. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that treatment of 3-10 years old patients with the applied cephalexin doses for 15 days results in mild nephrotoxic changes close to the end of therapy accompanied by increased activities of AAP and GGT, the enzymes known as very sensitive indicators of nephrotoxicity. The results showing that during the entire period of cephalexin application no changes in NAG, as a lysosomal enzyme, were observed, could be taken as a proof that this antibiotic did not lead to severe injuries of epithelial proximal tubule cells at the level of cell organelles.
Oxidative Stress in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Indians
Authors: Veigas Nina , Dharmalingam Mala , Marcus Sara
Published: January 2011

Oxidative Stress in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Indians

Oxidative stress is associated with the individual components of metabolic syndrome and has been implicated in the development of complications of these metabolic disorders. In this study oxidative stress levels have been compared in obese Indians (a high-risk population for diabetes and cardiovascular disorders) with and without metabolic syndrome. 30 adult normotensive, normoglycemic obese subjects and 35 adults with metabolic syndrome of either sex with BMI >23 kg/m2were compared with 30 adult, healthy volunteers with BMI <23 kg/m2. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, hydroperoxides levels and total antioxidant capacity were estimated. The obese groups with and without metabolic syndrome had significantly increased anthropometric parameters like waist circumference and index of central obesity and aqueous phase hydroperoxides when compared with normal controls. The metabolic syndrome group also had significantly increased blood sugar levels, lipid profile and hydroperoxide levels when compared to obese or control groups. There was no alteration in the total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups. The Triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol ratio (>3), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, indicates insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome group. The anthropometric profile, insulin resistance and oxidative stress seen in obesity are further elaborated in metabolic syndrome. Thus, the early identification of high-risk individuals based on anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, insulin resistance and indices of oxidative stress may help to prevent the development of complications of metabolic syndrome.
Inhibition of Central Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Exerts Anxiolytic Effects by Decreasing Brain Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ciobica Alin , Hritcu Lucian , Nastasa Veronica , Padurariu Manuela , Bild Walther
Published: January 2011

Inhibition of Central Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Exerts Anxiolytic Effects by Decreasing Brain Oxidative Stress

This study investigated the effects of angiotensin II and captopril intracerebroventricular administration on anxiety status and brain oxidative stress. Elevated plus maze was used in order to asses the anxiety-like behavior, while the biochemical analysis included the determination of some antioxidant defense enzymes like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and also a lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde). Our results provide additional evidence of angiotensin II induced anxiety-like effects and increased prooxidant status. Moreover, the blockade of angiotensin II, by the administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) resulted in anxiolytic effects and decreased oxidative stress status. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the time spent by rats in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and oxidative stress markers. This could raise important therapeutic issues regarding the anxiolytic effects of some angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors used primarily for hypertension, such as captopril. Also, it seems that oxidative stress could play an important part in these actions.
Variation in the Quantitative Characters of Androgenic Pepper Lines Derived from Hybrid Capsicum frutescens L. x C. chinense Jacq
Authors: Olszewska Dorota , Niklas-Nowak Aleksandra , Nowaczyk Paweł
Published: January 2011

Variation in the Quantitative Characters of Androgenic Pepper Lines Derived from Hybrid Capsicum frutescens L. x C. chinense Jacq

In the presented work doubled haploid lines (DH lines) obtained in anther cultures of pepper hybrid (Capsicum spp.) were investigated, regarding their biometrical characteristics. The experiment was carried out over 2007-2008. The research material consisted of R2 and R3 generations of three androgenic lines: FCHX, FCHXI and FCHXII, derived from interspecific pepper hybrid C. frutescens L x C. chinense Jacq.

The biometrical analyses of R2 generation revealed that in case of FCHXI line five of the six analysed fruit parameters showed phenotypic homogeneity. Four characters of FCHX line were homogenous, while in case of FCHXII line only the number of seeds per fruit was uniform. In the successive year when R3 generations, obtained as a result of R2 plants self-pollination, were evaluated, statistical analysis confirmed phenotypic uniformity of each of the tested fruit characters. Simultaneously, Scheffe significance test demonstrated a high variation between the three analysed anther-derived lines of C. frutescens L.x C. chinense Jacq.
Influence of Copper Ions on the Plant Material Obtained from the Anther Culture of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Szafrańska Katarzyna , Kowalska Urszula , Górecka Krystyna , Amarowicz Ryszard , Urbalewicz Anna , Górecki Ryszard , Janas Krystyna
Published: January 2011

Influence of Copper Ions on the Plant Material Obtained from the Anther Culture of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

The influence of copper ions on the regeneration of carrot (Daucus carota L.) androgenic embryos, accumulation of copper in rosettes, soluble esterbound phenolic acids and some parameters of oxidative stress were investigated. Two carrots: cv. Feria and 1014 breeding line were subjected to 1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM Cu stress for 16 and 24 weeks. Under this stress, better growth, lower lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) and higher phenolic acid contents were observed in the cv. Feria. The rosettes of 1014 line accumulated less copper and produced smaller amount of TBARS after 24 weeks of incubation than after 16 weeks. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were the main phenolic acids in both cultures. In the Feria rosettes the application of 10 μM Cu caused relatively high level of chlorogenic acid combined with low accumulation of copper in the tissues and unchanged levels of TBARS after both 16 and 24 weeks of incubation. On the other hand, despite the dose-dependent decline of chlorogenic acid in the rosettes of 1014 line, decrease in TBARS content was also observed after 24 weeks. The obtained results might suggest that the Feria carrot culture was able to develop more effective protection system/strategy against Cu excess in comparison to the 1014 line.
Characterization and Identification of Selection Indices of Pole Type Dolichos Bean
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arup , Dutta Subrata
Published: January 2011

Characterization and Identification of Selection Indices of Pole Type Dolichos Bean

Twelve genotypes of pole type dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus) were evaluated for their genetic variability and character association among nine quantitative traits under the Gangetic plains of eastern India. The study revealed significant variation in days to 50% flowering (57-115), length of pod (7.15-15.05 cm), breadth of pod (1.44-3.11 cm), weight of pod (2.92-8.92 g), 100 seed weight (22.2-45.50 g), number of pods/plant (768.3-1897), protein content of pod (0.70-5.45%) and pod yield/plant (5.07-12.21 kg). Genotypes showed differential reaction against Cercospora leaf spot and dolichos yellow mosaic virus. High yielding genotypes generally showed fewer incidences of diseases than the poor yielding genotypes. Characters like number of protein content of pod, number of pods/plant, breadth of pod, weight of pod and pod yield/plant exhibited high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that such situation may arise due to the action of additive genes controlling the characters. From the correlation and path coefficient analysis, it revealed that the top priority should be given to selection based on the weight of pod, 100 dry seed weight and number of pods per plant for green pod yield improvement and could be considered while formulating selection indices in the improvement of pole type dolichos bean.
Carotenes Content in Carrot Roots (Daucus carota L.) as affected by Cultivation and Storage
Authors: Fikselová Martina , Mareček Ján , Mellen Martin
Published: January 2011

Carotenes Content in Carrot Roots (Daucus carota L.) as affected by Cultivation and Storage

The influence of area, variety, year and storage on β-carotene content and dry matter content of selected carrot varieties were tested. Carrot roots of four varieties were examined during two years period (2002-2003), cultivated under different climatic and soil conditions in three areas of Slovakia - Nitra, Komárno and Prusy. Carrot varieties (Nevis F1, Idaho F1, Florida F1, Kathmandu F1) showed the greatest mean content of β-carotene (23.25 mg·100 g-1) in Nitra area, year 2003. Irrigation showed negative influence on β-carotene content. The highest content of β-carotene showed variety Florida F1 (26.3 mg·100 g-1). Mean higher contents of dry matter were determined in the year 2003 compared to the year 2002.

Loss of β-carotene during carrot storage was observed higher in the cellar than in the cold storage. Mean loss of β-carotene in dry matter for cold storage was 13.57-14.28%, compared to cellar 20-27.3%.
Effect of the Cultivar and Harvest Date of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) on Crop Yield and Plant Morphological Features
Authors: Korus Anna
Published: January 2011

Effect of the Cultivar and Harvest Date of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) on Crop Yield and Plant Morphological Features

The experimental material consisted of three kale cultivars: Winterbor F1, Redbor F1 and Medium High Green Curly were obtained from three harvest dates. The experiment was conducted in a three-year cycle (2006-2008). Total yields ranged from 5.13 to 9.32 kg·m-2, of which marketable yield constituted on average 51-72% and processing yield 27-34%. In the present experiment, 8.42 kg of total yield per 1m2 was obtained from Winterbor F1, 7.55 kg from Medium High Green Curly cv. and 6.71kg from Redbor F1 as an average for all years and harvest dates. The highest total yield for all cultivars was from the second harvest date and ranged from 6.76 to 9.32 kg·m-2. The dry matter yield of leaves with removed veins averaged between 0.28 and 0.50 kg per 1m2 for all years and harvest dates.
Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Effects on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Plants, Yield and Quality of Tomato Fruits: (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Singh B. , Pathak K. , Boopathi T. , Deka B.
Published: January 2011

Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Effects on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Plants, Yield and Quality of Tomato Fruits: (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

A field experiment was conducted with an objective to investigate the effects of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer application on morpho-physiological traits, yield and quality attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with an ultimate aim of optimizing nutrient requirements of tomato in mild-tropical agro-climate. The application of vermicompost together with NPK fertilizer increased plant height, leaf area, leaf weight, fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit density, post-harvest life and TSS of tomato. Application of vermicompost alone too increased the shelf-life by 250% and TSS beyond 4.5%, both of which are traits highly desirable for summer production of tomato and the related processing industry. Present study reveals that application of vermicompost in the amount of 7.5 t·ha-1 in combination with 50% dose of NPK fertilizer (60:30:30 kg·ha-1) was optimum for obtaining better quality and productivity of field grown tomatoes in mild-tropical agro-climate, eventually integrated nutrient supply will sustain the soil fertility and plant productivity eco-friendly.
The Occurrence and Sex Ratio of Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte Beetles on Sweet Maize (Zea mays var. Saccharata) In South-Eastern Poland Near Rzeszów in 2007-2009
Authors: Bereś Paweł , Sionek Rafał
Published: January 2011

The Occurrence and Sex Ratio of Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte Beetles on Sweet Maize (Zea mays var. Saccharata) In South-Eastern Poland Near Rzeszów in 2007-2009

Studies were conducted in 2007-2009 on sweet maize (Zea mays var. saccharata), Candle variety, in Terliczka near Rzeszów. The observations were carried out based on an permission from the Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection, No. WF-411d/5/2008.

The objective of the conducted study was to specify the occurrence dynamics of Western corn rootworm (WCR) (Diabrotica virgifera) beetles on sweet maize in order to establish the optimal period for their control. In addition their sexual structure between July and September were specified.

In south-eastern Poland D. virgifera beetles began their flights onto sweet maize plants from the second decade of July. Male occurred first, and the flights of females began several days later. Moreover, it was found that the maximum number of males on plants is recorded earlier than that of females.

During the feeding of beetles on maize the period of their most abundant occurrence was from the end of July to the third decade of August. During the flight of adult one population peak was usually recorded: in the third decade of July and the first decade of August, and only in 2007 was it in the second decade of July. In 2007-2009, D. virgifera ended their feeding in late September.

Females dominated among the captured insects during the study years. Their percentage share in the total number of captured beetles was from 59.7 to 84.1%. The population of males in individual years varied, and their percentage share was between 15.9 and 40.3%.
Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid Complex
Authors: Jankowska Beata
Published: January 2011

Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid Complex

The impact of intercropping white cabbage (‘Bently F1’) with French Marigold Tagetes patula nana ‘Kolombina’ and Pot Marigold Calendula officinalis ‘Promyk’ on the occurrence of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) and its parasitoid complex was estimated in years 2003-2005. The number of DBM larvae and pupae was significantly lower on plots where cabbage was intercropped compared with the control variant (homogenous crop). The combination with Pot Marigold turned out to be the best in this respect. The DBM larvae parasitization level varied from year to year and its percentage oscillated from 65 to 88%. Eight beneficial insect species belonging to families: Ichneumonidae (4 species), Braconidae (2 species), Pteromalidae (1 species) and Eulophidae (1 species) emerged from collected DBM pupae. Diadegma fenestralis Holmgr. was the most abundant species among all Plutella parasitoids every year of observations as it constitued 65% of all of the reared wasps. No significant differences were determined between the level of parasitization in relation to the type of cultivation.
A Traveling Time Model as Function of Water Density and Vegetable Size, Shape and Density
Authors: Taheri-Garavand Amin , Rafiee Shahin , Keyhani Alireza , Mirzaee Esmaeel
Published: January 2011

A Traveling Time Model as Function of Water Density and Vegetable Size, Shape and Density

In this research, the possibility of using the rising and dropping time of vegetables through water as a means of hydro-sorting of tomato and potato was studied. The dropping time of potato and rising time of tomato were theoretically formulated and then determined experimentally using water column. The best models for dropping time of potato (cv. Analytic) and rising time of tomato (cv. Rio grand s) as a function of water and vegetable densities, shape factor and vegetable volume were modelled with determination coefficients of 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. It was found that difference between vegetables and water densities had major effect on rising and dropping time. It can be concluded that in the sorting systems, difference in terminal velocities of vegetables can be used as a suitable factor for design the sorting system devices.
Effect of Storage Period on Biogenic Amine Content in Sauerkraut
Authors: Kosson Ryszard , Elkner Krystyna
Published: January 2011

Effect of Storage Period on Biogenic Amine Content in Sauerkraut

Effect of storage period on biogenic amine content in sauerkraut produced from white head cabbage during spontaneous fermentation was investigated. Three cultivars of white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba) of different harvest time, namely: Tekila F1, Agressor F1, and Tolerator F1 were used in process of sauerkraut production. Fresh cabbage before the fermentation and sauerkraut during its 90 day storage period were analyzed for polyamine and monoamine content. It was found that fresh cabbage contained only two polyamines: putrescine (<2 μg·g-1) and spermidine (<10 μg·g-1). Depending on storage period and year of experiment putrescine, spermidine, spermine, cadaverine, tryptamine and histamine were found in sauerkraut. Contents of particular amines in investigated sauerkraut are within the low range of given values by other authors. The results of the study showed that the biogenic amine content of fresh white cabbage and fermented product - sauerkraut - should not represent a risk for consumers.
Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Authors: Kałużewicz Alina , Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Buchowski Szymon , Zaworska Anna , Kotlińska Teresa , Knaflewski Mikołaj
Published: January 2011

Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

The research which aim was to characterise variability of economic traits of 28 asparagus cultivars was carried out in the Marcelin Experiment Station in the years 2004-2008. Variability of total and marketable yields, the mean weight of green spears as well as plant survival of all the 28 cultivars and separately of nine German and Dutch cultivars was evaluated. In addition, variability between harvest years of individual cultivars for total and marketable yields, mean spear weight in five and spear thickness in three selected harvest years was characterised.

Variability between cultivars was found greater with respect to marketable and total yields expressed in the weight of harvested spears and smaller with respect to mean spear weight and total yield expressed in the number of harvested spears. Less productive cultivars exhibited the least consistent yields between individual harvest years and the worst plant survival. Higher yield consistency, mean spear weight and plant survival were observed in the group of German and Dutch cultivars.
Oxidative stress induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid system or model ischemia in vitro: effect of carvedilol and pyridoindole antioxidant SMe1EC2 in young and adult rat brain tissue
Authors: Gáspárová Zdenka , Ondrejičková Oľga , Gajdošíková Alena , Gajdošík Andrej , Šnirc Vladimír , Štolc Svorad
Published: January 2011

Oxidative stress induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid system or model ischemiain vitro: effect of carvedilol and pyridoindole antioxidant SMe1EC2 in young and adult rat brain tissue

New effective strategies and new highly effective neuroprotective agents are being searched for the therapy of human stroke and cerebral ischemia. The compound SMe1EC2 is a new derivative of stobadine, with enhanced antioxidant properties compared to the maternal drug. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-blocker, possesses besides its cardioprotective and vasculoprotective properties also an antioxidant effect. We compared the effect of carvedilol and SMe1EC2, antioxidants with a similar chemical structure, in two experimental models of oxidative stress in young and adult rat brain tissue. SMe1EC2 was found to improve the resistance of hippocampal neurons to ischemiain vitroin young and even in 18-month-old rats and inhibited formation of protein carbonyl groups induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid pro-oxidative system in brain cortex homogenates of young rats. Carvedilol exerted a protective effect only in the hippocampus of 2-month-old rats and that at the concentration 10-times higher than did SMe1EC2. The inhibitory effect of carvedilol on protein carbonyl formation induced by the pro-oxidative system was not proved in the cortex of either young or adult rats. An increased baseline level of the content of protein carbonyl groups in the adult versus young rat brain cortex confirmed age-related changes in neuronal tissue and may be due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and low antioxidant defense mechanisms in the adult rat brain. The results revealed the new pyridoindole SMe1EC2 to be more effective than carvedilol in neuroprotection of rat brain tissue in both experimental models involving oxidative stress.
Extrapolation of toxic indices among test objects
Authors: Tichý Miloň , Rucki Marián , Roth Zdeněk , Hanzlíková Iveta , Vlková Alena , Tumová Jana , Uzlová Rút
Published: January 2011

Extrapolation of toxic indices among test objects

OligochaetaTubifex tubifex, fish fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), hepatocytes isolated from rat liver and ciliated protozoan are absolutely different organisms and yet their acute toxicity indices correlate. Correlation equations for special effects were developed for a large heterogeneous series of compounds (QSAR, quantitative structure-activity relationships). Knowing those correlation equations and their statistic evaluation, one can extrapolate the toxic indices. The reason is that a common physicochemical property governs the biological effect, namely the partition coefficient between two unmissible phases, simulated generally by n-octanol and water. This may mean that the transport of chemicals towards a target is responsible for the magnitude of the effect, rather than reactivity, as one would assume suppose.
Repeat surgery for hypothalamic hamartoma in refractory epilepsy
Authors: Pati Sandipan , Abla Adib A. , Rekate Harold L. , Ng Yu-Tze
Published: February 2011

Object

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) often cause pharmacoresistent epilepsy, incapacitating behavioral abnormalities, and cognitive decline. Surgical intervention offers the patient the best opportunity of seizure resolution, which occurs in approximately 50%–60% of patients, and improvement in both cognitive and behavioral difficulties. For those in whom the initial operation has failed, further medical treatment options remain quite limited, whereas, in some cases, a second surgery may improve seizure outcome. The authors retrospectively reviewed their surgical cases to document the success rate and complications of reoperations in patients with HHs.

Methods

Data were obtained from the HH epilepsy surgery database at the Barrow Neurological Institute between 2003 and 2010. Surgical treatment consisted of open and endoscopic procedures, as well as radiosurgery. Demographic details, seizure history, presurgical evaluation, and postoperative follow-up data were evaluated.

Results

In the last 7 years, 21 (13%) of 157 patients underwent reoperation after an initial epilepsy operation. The initial surgical approach in the 21 patients included: endoscopic (8 patients [38%]), transcallosal (8 patients [38%]), orbitozygomatic (3 patients [14%]), and radiosurgery (2 patients [10%]). Of the 8 patients who initially underwent endoscopic resection, repeat procedures included: radiosurgery in 4 (50%), an orbitozygomatic approach in 2 (25%), repeat endoscopy in 1 (12.5%), and a transcallosal approach in 1 (12.5%). Repeat procedures after an initial transcallosal resection included: endoscopic resection in 2 (25%); radiosurgery in 1 (12%); an orbitozygomatic approach in 2 (25%), and repeat transcallosal surgery in 3 (38%). Predominant seizure types that recurred after the first surgery were gelastic seizures, complex partial seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging in all patients prior to reoperation demonstrated either residual HH and/or connection with the mammillary bodies. Review of patients with more than 6 months of follow-up since the last surgery showed greater than 90% reduction in seizures in 4 patients (19%) and by 50%–90% in 10 patients (48%). Two patients were seizure free, and in 5 patients (24%) there was no change in seizure frequency. Following reoperation, none of the patients had any worsened behavioral issues such as increased rage attacks or disruptive violent behavior. New postoperative complications after reoperation included hemiparesis, thalamic stroke (asymptomatic and symptomatic), hyperphagia, and panhypopituitarism.

Conclusions

Reoperation should be considered in selected patients with HH in whom initial epilepsy surgery fails because more than half the patients have significant reductions in seizure.
Use of the ETV Success Score to explain the variation in reported endoscopic third ventriculostomy success rates among published case series of childhood hydrocephalus
Authors: Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Browd Samuel R.
Published: February 2011

Object

Published case series of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for childhood hydrocephalus have reported widely varying success rates. The authors recently developed and internally validated the ETV Success Score (ETVSS); this is a simplified means of predicting the 6-month success rate of ETV for a child with hydrocephalus, based on age, etiology of hydrocephalus, and presence of a previous shunt. The authors hypothesized that the ETVSS would be able to predict with reasonable accuracy the actual ETV success rate reported among published case series.

Methods

A literature search was performed to identify published pediatric ETV papers that contained enough information with which to calculate an aggregate, mean predicted ETVSS for the cohort. This was then compared with the actual ETV success rate in the cohort. Data were extracted independently in triplicate, including by 2 individuals who were not involved with the development of the ETVSS.

Results

Fifteen papers reporting on 322 patients were included. Interrater reliability was very high in determining the predicted ETVSS (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.99). The predicted ETVSS for each paper agreed strongly with the actual ETV success rate reported in each paper (reliability intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81). There was no significant difference in the magnitude of the predicted ETVSS and the actual ETV success (p = 0.98, paired t-test). In a linear regression model, the predicted ETVSS explained 62% of the variation in actual ETV success. When the entire cohort was combined and analyzed together, the overall mean predicted ETVSS was 57.9%, which was nearly identical to the actual ETV success rate of 59.2%.

Conclusions

The ETVSS closely predicts the actual ETV success rate reported in selected papers published over the last 20 years and explains much of the variation.
Protein Kinase C: An Attractive Target for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Marengo Barbara , De Ciucis Chiara , Ricciarelli Roberta , Pronzato Maria  A. , Marinari Umberto  M. , Domenicotti Cinzia
Published: February 2011

Apoptosis plays an important role during all stages of carcinogenesis and the development of chemoresistance in tumor cells may be due to their selective defects in the intracellular signaling proteins, central to apoptotic pathways. Consequently, many studies have focused on rendering the chemotherapy more effective in order to prevent chemoresistance and pre-clinical and clinical data has suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) may represent an attractive target for cancer therapy. Therefore, a complete understanding of how PKC regulates apoptosis and chemoresistance may lead to obtaining a PKC-based therapy that is able to reduce drug dosages and to prevent the development of chemoresistance.