bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of High-throughput Screening HTRF Assay for Identification Small Molecule Inhibitors of Skp2-Cks1
Authors: Hu Kaizhao , Li Xiao-Jing , Asmamaw Moges Dessale , Shi Xiao-Jing , Liu Hong-Min
Published: June 2021

S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2), a member of the F-box family that constitute the largest known class of ubiquitin E3 specificity components, is responsible for recognizing and recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 for its ubiquitination in the presence of the small accessory protein cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1(Cks1). Skp2 is overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma tissues and closely related with tumor poor prognosis, and perturbation of the Skp2-Cks1 interaction by inhibitors or RNAi could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, inhibition of Skp2 function by small-molecule compounds targeting Skp2-Cks1 interaction is emerging as a promising and novel anti-cancer strategy. In this study, we establish an improved high-throughput screening platform to screen Skp2 inhibitors targeting Skp2-Cks1interaction, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for the clinic.
Adipose Collagen Fragment: an Injectable Sustained-release Collagen Scaffold of Adipokines for Preventing Skin Photoaging in Mice
Authors: Jin Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Xiangdong , Li Yibao , Xu Mimi , Liu Kaiyang , Ru Jiangjiang , Ma Chijuan , Yao Yao , He Yunfan , Gao Jianhua
Published: June 2021

Objective: Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation is the major contributor to skin photoaging, associated with increased collagen degradation and reactive oxygen species expression. Adipokines have been proven as promising therapeutic agents for skin photoaging. However, adipokine therapy is generally limited by the short in vivo release duration and biological instability. Therefore, developing a treatment that provides a sustained release of adipokines and enhanced therapeutic effects is desirable. Methods: Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared from lipoaspirate and characterized. The injectability, collagen components, and adipokine release pattern of ACF were identified in vitro. Then, we evaluated its therapeutic efficacy by injecting ACF and phosphate-buffered saline, as a control, into the dermis of photoaging nude mice and harvesting skin samples at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after treatment for assessment. The collagen synthesis and collagen degradation in ACF implants were evaluated by immune staining. Dermal thickness, fibroblast expression, collagen synthesis, reactive oxygen species level, antioxidase expression, capillary density, and apoptotic cell number were evaluated by histological assessment, immune staining, and polymerase chain reaction in the skin samples.Results: ACF is the concentrated adipose extracellular matrix collagen fragment without viable cells and can be injected through fine needles. ACF undergoes collagen degradation and promotes neocollagen synthesis in ACF implants. Meanwhile, ACF serves as a sustained-release system of adipokines and exhibits a significantly higher therapeutic effect on mouse skin photoaging compared to controls. ACF increases the dermal thickness, improves fibroblast expression and promotes collagen synthesis. ACF treatment of UVA-irradiated skin reduces reactive oxygen species expression, decreases the number of apoptotic cells, improves capillary density and promotes the expression of antioxidase superoxide dismutase-1, catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1 by sustainedly releasing adipokines.Conclusions: ACF is an adipokines-enriched, sustained-release extracellular matrix collagen scaffold that can prevent UVA-induced skin photoaging in mice. ACF may serve as a novel autologous skin filler for skin rejuvenation applications in the clinic.
Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum on the Growth and Development and Gut Microbial Diversity of Spodoptera Litura
Authors: Ma Zijie , Wang Xiao-Fan , Li Ming-Wei , Nie Li-Ping , Zhang Wan-Ting , Liao Meide
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe main challenge for agricultural research is the determination of the best method for efficient and economical management of insects. Research on the possibility of regulating insect development by targeting the intestinal microbial community is in its early stages; however, the use of microorganisms to control the composition of the host's intestinal microbes and to affect its physiological functions has garnered considerable attention. ResultsThis study evaluated the effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum) isolated from the intestine of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) on the growth and development of the host and the diversity of its intestinal microbes. The results of the study showed that the larvae of S. litura fed with artificial diets with different feed units could proceed towards the development of generations normally. Compared with the control responses, after ingesting L. plantarum, larval gut sucrase and other digestive enzyme activities increased, growth and development accelerated, fecundity generally increased, and there was a significant change in the female-male ratio. Additionally, differences in microbial abundance and diversity were found in the gut of S. litura larvae fed with diets supplemented with L. plantarum and without L. plantarum. Conclusions﻿These findings indicate that supplementation of feed with L. plantarum can effectively affect the growth and development of the host and the composition of the intestinal flora, thereby providing useful applications in research regarding pest management.
Conversion Reduces the Success of Laparoscopic Approach for Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction. A Propensity-Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Sebastian-Valverde Enric , Téllez Clara , Burdío Fernando , Poves Ignasi , Grande Luís
Published: June 2021

Background. Although the use of the laparoscopic approach has increased in recent years, the open approach remains the most widely used for surgical treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). Moreover, there is no consensus in international guidelines on the role and the usefulness of the laparoscopic approach in ASBO. The aims of this study were to determine the role of the laparoscopic approach in ASBO and to define in which situations it can be beneficial.Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who had undergone surgery for ASBO between January 2007 and December 2019. Pre-, intra- and post-operative variables were analysed. Bivariate, logistic regression and a propensity-score matching analyses were performed to compare the laparoscopic and open approach.Results. A total of 333 patients who underwent ASBO surgery were analysed: 224 patients by conventional approach and 109 initially by laparoscopic approach. In the overall analysis, morbidity and mortality were significantly higher in the open group, while the initiation of oral intake and hospital stay were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group. The conversion rate was 36.7%. After propensity-score matching analyses, only the surgeon's laparoscopic skills achieved statistically significant differences between groups in the intention-to treat analysis, but the need for intestinal resection, surgical time, onset of oral intake, hospital stay and morbidity were significantly lower in whom surgery could be completed laparoscopically.Conclusion. The laparoscopic approach is feasible and safe in ASBO, but its advantages are limited to those patients who do not require conversion to open surgery. Both patient selection and the surgeon's expertise in advanced laparoscopic surgery are essential.
Resveratrol Supplementation Prevents Retinal Tissue Damage by Increasing Antioxidant Activity Through SIRT1 Gene Expression in Diabetic Elderly Female Rats.
Authors: Atacak Adem , Baltaci Saltuk Bugra , Gulbahce-Mutlu Elif , Unal Omer , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim
Published: June 2021

The present study was carried out to investigate how resveratrol administration affects retinal SIRT-1 levels and retinal tissue damage in diabetic elderly female rats.A total of 24 elder female rats were divided equally into 4 groups: 1, Control; 2, Control + Resveratrol; 3, Diabetes; 4, Diabetes + Resveratrol. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) in Group 3 and 4. The group 2 and 4 given intraperitoneal (ip) RSV (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks in addition to the normal diet. After 4-weeks resveratrol treatment, SIRT1 gene expression and MDA ve GSH levels were determined by PCR and ELISA, respectively, in retinal tissue samples of the animals.The highest retinal MDA values were in the diabetes group (G3), the highest retinal GSH levels were in the Diabetes + Resveratrol group (G4). The retinal MDA and GSH levels of the other groups were not different from each other. The highest retinal SIRT1 expression values were in the Diabetes + resveratrol (G4) group. The retinal SIRT1 expression values of the diabetes group (G3) were lower than group 4, and higher than the groups 1 and 2. Retinal SIRT1 expression values of the groups 1 and 2 were not different from each other.Resveratrol supplementation prevented retinal tissue damage that occurs in diabetic aged female rats. This antidiabetic effect of resveratrol supplementation occurs by increasing both antioxidant activity and SIRT1 expression in diabetic aged rats.
Identification of the Novel HLA-A*11:335 Allele, a Rare Interlocus Recombination Involving HLA-A*11:01:01:01 and HLA-H*02:07/14/18 Alleles With Nanopore Sequencing, in a Volunteer From the China Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Zhang Li-Qun , Rozemuller Erik , Wang Dan , Liu Xiang-Jun , Cai Jian-Ping
Published: June 2021

Background: The major histocompatibility complex in humans includes three classical class I loci (A, B and C), which are important biomarkers for transplant of organs and hematopoietic stem cells. In the MHC, polymorphism is known to be extremely high while interlocus recombination is rare. We report a rare interlocus recombination between HLA-A and HLA-H, which was analyzed using next generation sequencing and nanopore sequencing. Results: In the sample, the genotypes of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 were firstly phased with methods of sequence-specific primer, sequence-specific oligonucleotide, Sanger’s sequencing and NGS; however, HLA-A could not be phased. Nanopore sequencing was finally utilized to distinguish the sequence of the novel allele. Finally, the novel HLA-A*11:335 allele was identified as an interlocus recombination involving HLA-A*11:01:01:01 and HLA-H*02:07/14/18 alleles; this was mainly achieved by nanopore sequencing. Conclusions: The identification of the interlocus recombination indicated that nanopore sequencing may be the most precise method for HLA typing. Interlocus recombination has been identified as one of the mechanisms involved in the generation of novel HLA alleles.
Ad5-spike COVID-19 vaccine does not aggravate heart damage after ischemic injury
Authors: Gu Shanshan , Chen Zhongyan , Meng Xiangfu , Liu Ge , Xu He , Wu Linwei , Gong Jixing , Chen Ding , Xue Bingqing , Huang Liying , Zhu Lihang , Wan Zhongjun , Cai Xiaolong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Jia , Zhang Donghui , Cao Nan
Published: June 2021

Hopes for a COVID-19 vaccine are now a reality. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which majorly binds to the host receptor ACE2 for cell entry, is used by most of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates as a choice of antigen. ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart and is known to be protective in multiple organs. Interaction of spike with ACE2 has been reported to reduce ACE2 expression and affect ACE2-mediated signal transduction in the heart. However, whether a spike-encoding vaccine will aggravate myocardial damage after a heart attack via affecting ACE2 remains unclear. Therefore, for patients with or at risk of heart diseases, questions arise around the safety of the spike-based vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that ACE2 is up-regulated and protective in the injured mouse heart after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Infecting human cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cardiac fibroblasts with a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing the spike protein (AdSpike) does not affect cell survival and cardiomyocyte function, whether the cells are subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury or not. This observation is further confirmed in human engineered heart tissues. Furthermore, AdSpike vaccination does not aggravate heart damage in wild-type or humanized ACE2 mice after I/R injury, even at a dose that is ten-fold higher as used in human. This study represents the first systematic evaluation of the safety of a leading COVID-19 vaccine under a disease context and may provide important information to ensure maximal protection from COVID-19 in patients with or at risk of heart diseases.
Comparison of Different Obesity Indices associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Different Sex and Age Groups in China
Authors: Ge Qiwei , Li Min , Xu Zhengcheng , Qi Zhigang , Zheng Huiyan , Cao Yuxin , Huang Hao , Duan Xiaoyang , Zhuang Xun
Published: June 2021

Background: Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the obesity index most closely related to type 2 diabetes is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the associations of five anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Chinese adults divided into four groups according to sex and age.Methods: A total of 4,007 adult participants (1,669 males and 2,338 females) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of T2DM for each obesity index. Furthermore, we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of hypertension under the influence of risk factors. Results: For the males, WC had the highest value of OR (3.211 and 1.452) and AUC (0.783 and 0.614) in both age groups. However, WHtR (OR=2.366, AUC=0.771) and BMI (OR=1.596, AUC=0.647) tended to be the best criteria for T2DM among females in the 18-59 and ≥60 years age groups, respectively.Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a positive association of obesity-related anthropometric indices with T2DM in different sex and age groups. For males, WC appears to be the best anthropometric index for predicting T2DM. For 18-59 and ≥60 age women, the best obesity indices related with T2DM are WHtR and BMI, respectively.
Risk Probability and Influencing Factors of Stroke in Followed-up Hypertension Patients
Authors: Li An-le , Qi Ying , Zhu Shuai , Hu Zhi-hao , Xu Xue-jin , Wang Ya-wei , Qian Xin-zhi
Published: June 2021

Objective：To explore the risk probability and influencing factors of stroke in followed-up hypertension (HP) patients through the analysis of long-term followed-up cohort data. Methods: The method of followed-up observation cohort was used to collect the information of 168417 hypertension patients from 2002 to 2020 in Jiading district in Shanghai. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the risk probability of stroke complications in long-term followed-up HP patients, and the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox proportional risk model. Results: Among 168417 hypertension patients, 11143 cases had stroke, and the cumulative incidence rate was 6.62%, the male was 6.87% and the female was 6.37%. With the extension of the observation of patients, the cumulative risk probability of stroke in HP patients would continue to increasing, and the interval was not equidistant. The total cumulative risk probability of stroke in HP patients was 78.9%, and male was 91.0%, female was 70.7%. During the whole observation, the risk probability of stroke was not fixed, but fluctuates. There were 4 peak onset periods, which were 8 years (peak period 4.2%), 15 years (peak period 14.0%), 22 years (peak period 6.0%) and 26 years (peak period 13.9%). The highest risk probability of male patients was in 26 years (peak period 23.1%), and the second peak was in 15 years (peak period 15.6%). The highest risk probability of female patients was in 15 years (peak period 12.9%), and the second peak was in 26 years (peak period 8.7%). The risk probability of different sex, BP grad and BMI was different, male was higher than female, grade 3 HP higher than grade 1 and grad 2 HP, thin higher than normal weight. The major influencing factors of stroke complications were age (RR=2.917, p<0.001), body mass index (RR=1.450, p< 0.001), family history of stroke (RR=1.386, p<0.001), blood pressure grad (RR=1.148, p<0.001), registry age (RR=1.071, P<0.001 and family history of hypertension (RR=1.051, P<0.001). Conclusion: Hypertension patients were prone to stroke, the risk probability would continue to disproportionately increase during observation, and the total cumulative risk probability could finally reach 78.9%. Male was higher than female. Age, BMI, family history (stroke and HP), blood pressure grad and duration of HP were related to the occurrence of stroke complications.
Use of Non-pharmacological Methods in Managing Labour Pain: Experiences of Nurse- midwives in Two Selected Districts Hospital of Pwani and Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Mselle Lilian T. , Chikwala Victor Z. , Sirili Nathanael
Published: June 2021

Background: Labour pain usually bring worries and most of the concerns to a woman and her family. Thus, the majority of the women in labour pain may require some sort of pain relief method be it pharmacological or non-pharmacological during this period. However, in Tanzania, the use of non-pharmacological labour pain-relieving methods remain low among nurse-midwives. This study analyzed the experiences of nurse-midwives on the use of non-pharmacological methods to manage labour pain in two selected districts of Pwani region Tanzania.Materials and Methods: An exploratory qualitative study using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted to purposefully recruited nurse-midwives working in labour ward in two district hospitals in Pwani region Tanzania. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach to generate categories describing the experiences of using non-pharmacological methods in managing labour pain. Results: Encouraging women on the tolerability of pain, provision of instructions onchanging positions, deep mouth breathing techniques and exercises, provision of psychological support and provision of sacral massage emerged as the common non-pharmacological methods used by nurse-midwives. Comfortability on using the methods to both nurse-midwives and the women was stated to make both the nurse-midwives and women use them. Furthermore, some nurse-midwives did not use the methods because of limited skills, the misconception that labour pain to delivering women is necessary and lack of awareness of its benefits. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscores that knowledge on benefits on non-pharmacological methods, skills on using non-pharmacological pain and misconception of nurse-midwives on labor pain influence use of non-pharmacological labor pain management.
Improving the Face Validity of Self-Report Scales through Cognitive Interviews Based on Tourangeau Question and Answer Framework: A Practical Work on the Nursing Talent Identification Scale
Authors: Bagheriyeh Farzaneh , Ghahramanian Akram , Valizadeh Leila , Zamanzadeh Vahid
Published: June 2021

Background The Nursing Talent Identification self-report Scale is a recently developed to assess the fit of nursing applicants’ characteristics for the profession. In such scales, respondents may perceive items in a variety of ways. Hence, while developing such scales, cognitive interviews are used to identify problematic and ambiguous items. The present study aimed to determine how respondents understand and answer to items through cognitive interviews to assess the user-friendliness of the scale and increase its face validity.Methods In this Qualitative-descriptive study, Tourangeau's four-stage question and answer model was used as a theoretical framework. The participants included 20 first-year nursing students from three western provinces of Iran.. Data were collected through thinking aloud and concurrent and retrospective verbal probing methods. For data analysis, the framework proposed by d'Ardenne and Collins (2015) was use.Results Through conducting 20 interviews with the participants, problems related to item comprehension, information retrieval, judgment and reporting appropriate answers were identified. Based on the results, out of 95 items, 20 items were modified. The ‘instructions’ section of the scale was also revised by making the necessary explanations and providing an example.Conclusions Cognitive interview was effective in identifying problematic items of the Nursing Talent Identification Scale. Although cognitive interviewing is very time-consuming and costly, using this method ensures that the scale has the necessary validity to assess the suitability of nursing applicants to the characteristics of the profession.
H63D Syndrome: data and facts
Authors: Adams Jacob S , Diamandis Carolina
Published: June 2021

Ever since I co-founded the International H63D Research Consortium, I have always considered it my duty to pass on the most important knowledge about H63D syndrome to my colleagues in academia, research and applied medicine. Before I leave the consortium for a new career step, there are still some data to be published, which my current colleagues will certainly work on in more detail at a later stage. After all, knowledge can save lives and prevent suffering. I will publish these data in the following, because they speak for themselves.
Growth and Yield Response of NSIC Rc 204H (M20) to Nostoc (Nostoc commune Vauch) in Different Rates of Inorganic Fertilizer Application
Authors: Rodolfo Allen Mae , Barrientos Dionie S.
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield response of M20 with the application of Nostoc and to determine the ideal combination of inorganic fertilizer and Nostoc. Based on the result of the study, in terms of growth parameters; application of 3 g Nostoc with 1/2 RRIF gave the best response among the treatment in plant height, while application of 3 g Nostoc with 3/4 RRIF was the best treatment when it comes to days to flowering. Furthermore, the application of full RRIF was the best in terms of chlorophyll content. In yield parameters, the application of 3 g Nostoc with 1/4 RRIF gave significance response to grain yield and biomass. While the application of no Nostoc with 1/4 RRIF had the heaviest 1000 grain weight. For the number of tillers per plant (14.7), the application of 3 g Nostoc with 3/4 RRIF gave the best response among the treatments. And for the number of filled grains, rice grown without Nostoc but fertilized only with 1/2 RRIF had the most number of filled grain. Overall, Nostoc treatment did not significantly alter the response of M20 based on all agronomic parameters tested in the study.
On the analysis of the integral fluctuation theorem for accelerated colloidal systems in the long-time limit
Authors: Lokare Yash
Published: June 2021

A quantitative description of the violation of the second law of thermodynamics in relatively small classical systems and over short time scales comes from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It has been well established both theoretically and experimentally, the validity of the fluctuation theorem to small scale systems that are disturbed from their initial equilibrium states. Some experimental studies in the past have also explored the validity of the fluctuation theorem to nonequilibrium steady states at long time scales in the
asymptotic limit. To this end, a theoretical and/or purely numerical model of the integral fluctuation theorem has been presented. An approximate general expression for the dissipation function has been derived for accelerated colloidal systems trapped/confined in power-law traps. Thereafter, a colloidal particle trapped in a harmonic potential (generated by an accelerating one-dimensional optical trap) and undergoing Brownian motion has been considered for the numerical study. A toy model of a quartic potential trap in addition to the harmonic trap has also been considered for the numerical study. The results presented herein show that the integral fluctuation theorem applies not only to equilibrium steady state distributions but also to
nonequilibrium steady state distributions of colloidal systems in accelerated frames of reference over long time scales.
Study of the tensile and impact energy absorption properties of hybrid bast and basalt fiber composites and the effect of basalt fibers size at the mechanical properties
Authors: SHAIK YOUSUF PASHA , Narlakanti Vijay Bhaskar , Schuster Jens
Published: June 2021

Natural Bast fiber reinforced polymer composites are attractive because of their renewability and environment friendliness. Therefore, in this work, the mechanical properties of these composites have been tried to improve by adding basalt fibers. The fiber mats were prepared by carding. After press molding, the tensile and Charpy mechanical properties of compression molded samples were studied. Moreover, the influence of basalt fibers with two different sizes was studied at the mechanical performance of the composites. Improvement of mechanical property profile of natural fiber (bast) reinforced polymer composites is carried out by hybridization with basalt fibers.
Meteorological Pursuit in University of Gujrat, Pakistan (Part 1)
Authors: Maalik Umeed
Published: June 2021

Being an important phenomenon “Weather Observation” or “Meteorology” is not only interesting for Meteorologists but also for environmentalists and geologists as well. So for this an internship program was held at University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus, in a newly maintained Met Office, where appointed Official Weather Observers supervised this work. So in this way this is a wonderful chance to become a part of Starting Weather observation at UOG, being the students of Environmental Sciences. A group of students worked as internees. Observation under certain parameters, by taking scheduled readings of outdoor installed instruments, then accordingly filling of Pocket Register, by consulting Hydrometric table, Aeronautical Code book 1995, & Surface Weather code book 1995 of Pakistan Meteorological Department 2008. Making Metar (after 1 hour reporting) and Synaptic (after 3 hours reporting), then reporting it to the Regional Meteorological headquarter Lahore through cell phone message sending or directly uploading it to their website. Discussion sections on different weather changes as shown by readings, along with instruments working accordingly, are the different steps of Starting of Weather Observation at UOG. Chapter one and two are included in this part 1 of this Meteorological pursuit.
Effects of Proximal Priority and Distal Priority Robotic Priming Techniques With Impairment-Oriented Training of Upper Limb Functions in Patients With Chronic Stroke: Study Protocol For A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Yi-chen , Li Yi-chun , LIN KEH-CHUNG , Chen Chia-ling , Wu Yi-hsuan , Kuo Chih-chieh , Yeh Yi-ping , Liu Ting-xuan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe sequence of establishing proximal stability or function before facilitation of the distal body part has long been recognized in stroke rehabilitation practice but lacks scientific evidence. This study plans to examine the effects of proximal priority robotic priming and impairment-oriented training (PRI) and distal priority robotic priming and impairment-oriented training (DRI). MethodsThis single-blind, randomized, comparative efficacy study will involve 40 participants with chronic stroke. Participants will be randomized into PRI or DRI groups and receive 18 intervention sessions (90 min/d, 3 d/wk for 6 weeks). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity subscale, Medical Research Council Scale, Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment, and Wolf Motor Function Test will be administered at baseline, after treatment, and at the 3-month follow-up. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the chi-square automatic interaction detector method will be used to examine the comparative efficacy and predictors of outcome, respectively, after PRI and DRI. DiscussionThrough manipulating the sequence of applying wrist and forearm robots in therapy, this study will attempt to examine empirically the priming effect of proximal or distal priority robotic therapy in upper extremity impairment-oriented training for people with stroke. The findings will provide directions for further studies and empirical implications for clinical practice in upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke.Trial Registration﻿This trial was registered on June 23, 2020, at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04446273).
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A FAST AND SIMPLE HPLC-UV METHOD TO DETERMINE CAFFEINE IN GUARANA (Paullinia cupana) FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Coura Júlia , Silva Cláudia , Silva Edvane , Valladão Sara , Duarte Maria
Published: June 2021

Caffeine and guarana are safe foods according to the American (FDA) and Brazilian (ANVISA) health agencies. However, data regarding the composition, quality, and safety of guarana-based food supplements sold in Brazil are limited. Most of the methods used for quantification of caffeine and other guarana chemical markers are based on complex extraction techniques as well as on gradient elution and do not evaluate the matrix effect nor the uncertainty estimation measurement. A simple and selective method for caffeine detection has been developed and validated using HPLC-UV. It shows linearity between 1 and 10 µg mL-1, has a significant matrix effect (p < 0.05) and its expanded uncertainty varies from 6.9 to 16.7%. Other parameters (selectivity, recovery, precision, robustness, limits of detection, and quantification) were satisfactory. The present study has analyzed 30 commercial samples of guarana-based food supplements (powders and capsules). Powder samples have shown an average caffeine level of 25.27 ± 5.20 mg g-1 while capsules 28.53 ± 13.81 mg g-1. No significant difference between the two types of samples has been observed (p > 0.005).
Optimization Of Financial Inclusion Through Sharia Banking Redistributive Instruments
Authors: Nengsih Novia
Published: June 2021

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the optimization of financial inclusion using Islamic banking redistributive instruments.Method - This study aims to analyze the optimization of financial inclusion using Islamic banking redistributive instruments.Result - The main finding of this research is that Islamic banking can optimize financial inclusion using the redistributive instruments of syari'ah banking, namely zakat, Qardul Hasan, and other merit funds. This is indicated by the growth of zakat funds, benevolence funds, and increased qardul hasan financing.Implication - This research can be used as a reference to determine the optimization of financial inclusion by Islamic banking using the redistributive instrument of zakat, qardhul hasan, and other merit funds.Originality - This study analyzes the optimization of financial inclusion through the redistributive instrument of Islamic banking with qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Factors Affecting Student Interest Of Al-Quran Wonosobo Science University To Saving In A Syariah Bank
Authors: Mahgalena Mahgalena , Wahab Wahab , Huda Choirul
Published: June 2021

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of knowledge, location and religiosity on the interest of students at the University of Sains Al-Quran Wonosobo to save in Islamic bank.Method - This research uses a type of field research with a quantitative approach. Sources of data in this study are primary data obtained from the results of a questionnaire by scoring using a likert scale. The population o this research is 100 students. In data analysis, the data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis.Result - The result showed that knowledge had a significant effect on interest in saving in Islamic bank, while location and religiosity did not significantly influence the interest in saving at Islamic banks. Then knowledge, location and religiosity simultaneously affect the interest in saving at Islamic banks.Implication - This research can be used as input in getting customers with a high amount of savings in Islamic banks.Originality - This study looked at the factors that influence the interest of students at the University of Sains Al-Quran Wonosobo to save in Islamic banks This research can be used as input in getting customers with a high amount of savings in Islamic banks.. In this study focused on 3 variables, namely variables of knowledge, location and religiosity.
Effect of unconventional water resources interventions on the management of Gaza coastal aquifer in Palestine
Authors: Al-Najjar Hassan , Ceribasi Gokmen , Ceyhunlu Ahmet Iyad
Published: June 2021

The non-conventional water resources of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and stormwater harvesting are promising water resources to enhance the water supply and to cope with the groundwater depletion of the Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA). In total, the current daily operation of the short-term low-volume (STLV) seawater desalination plants produces 36,000 m3 and, on the large-scale perspective, the seawater desalination capacity is planned to increase from 150,000 to 300,000 m3 per day by the years 2025 and 2035, respectively. The wastewater treatment and reuse activities are processed through three wastewater treatment plants with a total daily capacity of 130,000 m3 which is proposed to be increased to a capacity of 235,000 m3 by the beginning of 2025. Stormwater collecting and harvesting supply the water sector by about 550–820 cubic meters per day. The proposed stochastic and artificial intelligence model that was developed in this study to simulate the interactive conditions between the groundwater and the water intervention plan showed proper performance in terms of (r) = 0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.09–0.21. The model outputs reveal that the annual groundwater abstractions will reach 192 million cubic meters by 2040 with an annual increasing rate of +3%. By applying the model, the optimum utilization of the unconventional water resources contributes positively to the recovery of the GCA, which is experiencing a decline hot spot in the water level that reaches to −19 m below mean sea level (MSL) and is expected to drop to −28 m MSL by 2040. The impact of unconventional water resources interventions was investigated by simulating the water table trend using stochastic models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) through three scenarios. The first scenario, which addresses the non-intervention status, indicates that the groundwater table will decline by −1.5% in the northern governorates and by −51% in the southern governorates of the Gaza Strip within 2020–2040. The second scenario demonstrates the impact of the existing water interventions that revealed an interim recovery in the groundwater balance until 2025 in which the water consumption tended to increase rapidly. The third scenario illustrates the impact of applying the full water management intervention plan in which the depression cone in the groundwater level will be restored by about +10 m.
Joint optimization of water allocation and water quality based on multi-objective control in Nanning, China
Authors: Ma Xinghua , Zhou Maichun , Ding Xiangyi , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2021

Studying the change mechanism of water quantity and quality is the basis for joint optimization of water resources systems, which is a significant means for modern regional water resources management. A water quantity and quality joint optimization model is built based on multiple control objectives, which include water demand, observed flow rate, and observed pollutant concentration. A coupled water quantity and water quality model was developed for Nanning, China. The natural water cycle and social water cycle in Nanning City and the associated pollutant transport transformation process are simulated. The results indicate that simulation error of water resources allocation is below 5%, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of the three hydrological stations are 0.85, 0.88, and 0.85 respectively, and the relative errors of the simulated results of three water quality monitoring stations are all within 1.83%, all of which indicates that the model performs well and the simulation results can reproduce the water use process and pollutant transport transformation process of Nanning in time and space. This study can provide effective support for water resources management in Nanning City.
Pyrrolomorpholine Spiroketal Alkaloids Present in Roasted Beans of Yunnan
Arabica Coffee
Authors: Hu GuiLin , Hong DeFu , Wang XiaoYuan , Wang YanBing , Zhou Lin , Li ZhongRong , Qiu MingHua
Published: June 2021

Background:

Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed drinks around the world.
During the coffee roasting process, sugars and amines undergo a violent Maillard reaction, resulting
in a large number of volatile and non-volatile components. These ingredients have a huge impact
on the formation of coffee flavor. In addition, many Maillard products in coffee have also
been proven to exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory effects, etc.

Objective:

The objective of this research is to discover non-volatile Maillard reaction products in
roasted coffee beans.

Results and Methods:

A pair of enantiomers pyrrolomorpholine spiroketal alkaloids 1a and 1b
were isolated from roasted beans of Yunnan coffea Arabica. Their planar structures were elucidated
by extensive spectroscopic analysis, HRESIMS spectra and X-Ray diffraction.

Conclusion:

Two pyrrolomorpholine spiroketal alkaloids were isolated from roasted Arabica coffee
beans. And their formation pathway via Maillard reaction was deduced. Their influence on the
formation of coffee bitterness and biological functions is worthy of being further studied.
The History and Origin of Fraud as a Defect in Consent in Contractual Relationships
Authors: Hajdari Egzonis
Published: June 2021

Fraud is a specific type of defect in consent that manifests the purpose of one of the parties to establish a contractual relationship through deceptive actions. As such, fraud is an unlawful and unethical action that emerged beginning with some of the earliest agreements in human society. Moreover, the practical treatment of fraud is likely to have occurred since the genesis of its appearance. More appropriate and advanced treatment of fraud can be seen after the implementation of the first legal systems, which focused on contractual relationships. Fraud in contractual relationships will be examined starting with Babylonian, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Islamic law and will continue with a focus on Albanian customary law and modern laws implemented in Kosovo. Furthermore, in this article, we will show how the treatment of fraud has evolved in the legal framework in Kosovo.
Modus of Girls Trafficking in Bongas Indramayu: Victimology Perspective
Authors: Hamja Hamja , Sulistio Faizin
Published: June 2021

The Regency of Indramayu has been stigmatised as a land of trafficking of women and children, not only at national level, but it has also transcended overseas. This research is aimed to seek deeper into the perspective of the victims from Bongas, Indramayu regarding their involvement in the trafficking. This research employed case study method and field observation based on descriptive-analytical approach. This research reveals that the majority of the people in Indramayu are living in the breadline, and they are mostly poorly educated. Women in Indramayu are even denounced as the breadwinner, or locally called as “luruh duit” or rushing for money, and this term is inappropriately interpreted; women are burdened with the responsibility to raise the economic status of the families by working in big cities. The culture of earning money by migrating to big cities is seen as a chance for human trafficking. This research also suggests some strategies such as co-assisting and developing the program to identify, rehabilitate, and reintegrate the victims of the crime.
The Notion of Divine Principle (Asas Ilahiah) in Indonesian Contract Law
Authors: Djumikasih Djumikasih , Luth Thohir , Budiono Abdul , Koeswahyono Iman
Published: June 2021

This study is legal research aiming to find out the essence of Divine Principles in Indonesian Contract Law from the review of the Natural Law theory, the Sunt-Servanda theory, the Awareness and Legal Obedience Grundnorm theory, and Truth theory. This research reveals that the Divine Principle's essence is the most fundamental principle or guideline derived from God but exists in humans, aiming to find the truth and regulate the parties in making agreements. The application of the Divine Principle aims to find the truth and regulate the parties in the agreement's field. Indonesian citizens could realize and practice the Precepts of Godhead in their agreement activities. In establishing the agreement, the parties are applying the teachings of their respective religions. This study reveals that the Divine principle needs to be incorporated into one of the upcoming National Agreement Laws principles, especially in the contract born because of the agreement. This study maintains that the divine principle can be applied comprehensively for Indonesian citizens who are parties to the agreement, not only limited to the Indonesian Muslim citizens.
Geographic information systems representations in resources description and access (RDA)
Authors:   General Curriculum Department, College of Education and Arts, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Al Sawy Yaser Mohammad Mohammad , Zaghloul Hisham Saad ,   Deanship of Preparatory and Supportive Studies, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2021

The study aimed at linking geographic information systems and their use in library and information science, as they represent spatial and geographical information represented in processing in machine-readable cataloging (MARC) fields, which are represented in the Resources Description and Access in the form of an internationally agreed drawing or scheme, and geographic information is of interest to a wide range of beneficiaries in various fields, and to develop work in the field of libraries and information in light of the rules for characterization and availability of resources and in view of the lack of previous studies dealing with this topic; It was necessary to think about good planning to equip libraries and information centers at a high level so that they would be able to deal with information sources and the correct representation of geographical data through geographic information systems, the study was keen to apply the standards of the analytical and applied approach where all the appropriate fields to represent data geographically are reviewed. and the application of the appropriate subfields to it, the study reached the possibility of using the field 651 specifically and activating the hyperlink feature through it to display more links that include drawings, maps, data, and vital statistics associated with it, and thus the field 651 turns into an interactive feature to display bibliography, geography and information data with linking to all Pages and links via the Internet or in full-text databases as well as abstract databases, and innovative addition to the performance of field 651 to become a descriptive field and a tool for geographical and informational representation at the same time.
Personal Health Information Management Among Older Adults: Scoping Review
Authors: Kolotylo-Kulkarni Malgorzata , Seale Deborah E , LeRouge Cynthia M
Published: June 2021

Background

Older adults face growing health care needs and could potentially benefit from personal health information management (PHIM) and PHIM technology. To ensure effective PHIM and to provide supportive tools, it is crucial to investigate the needs, challenges, processes, and tools used by this subpopulation. The literature on PHIM by older adults, however, remains scattered and has not provided a clear picture of what we know about the elements that play a role in older adults’ PHIM.

Objective

The goal of our review was to provide a comprehensive overview of extant knowledge on PHIM by older adults, establish the status quo of research on this topic, and identify research gaps.

Methods

We carried out a scoping review of the literature from 1998 to 2020, which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. First, we executed a broad and structured search. We then carried out a qualitative analysis of papers pertinent to the topic taking into consideration the five elements of the patient work system as follows: (1) personal-level factors, (2) PHIM tasks, (3) tools used, (4) physical settings of PHIM activities, and (5) socio-organizational aspects.

Results

The review included 22 studies. Consolidated empirical evidence was related to all elements of the patient work system. Multiple personal factors affected PHIM. Various types of personal health information were managed (clinical, patient-generated, and general) and tools were used (electronic, paper-based, and others). Older adults’ PHIM was intertwined with their surroundings, and various individuals participated. The largest body of evidence concerned personal factors, while findings regarding the physical environment of PHIM were scarce. Most research has thus far examined older adults as a single group, and scant attention has been paid to age subgroups.

Conclusions

Opportunities for further PHIM studies remain across all elements of the patient work system in terms of empirical, design science, or review work.