bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis of a Fuel Cell-Based Tri-Generation Energy System Via the Adoption of a Multi-Objective Optimization Tool
Authors: Genovese Matteo , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Fragiacomo Petronilla
Published: February 2023

The present paper investigates the feasibility of a tri-generation energy system in an industrial scenario with a modest size in terms of levels of electricity, heat, and cooling consumption. The technology under consideration is the fuel cell technology, both solid oxide fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), compared to other more mature technologies, such as micro gas turbines. The proposed investigation takes into account several scenarios: the existing economy and state-of-the-art technical key performance indicators of the involved energy systems; the state-of-the-art technical key performance indicators of the involved technologies and economic subsidies; and a future scenario that takes into account economies of scale and better performance using the key metrics for fuel cell technology forecasted as 2030 target at European level. The PEMFCs with lithium-ion storage showed total efficiencies in the order of 75% over three reference periods. In terms of emissions, they guarantee a decrease in carbon dioxide equivalent released into the atmosphere equal to 40% of the reference emissions for a separate generation.
Optimization Synthesis of Hybrid Six-Bar Mechanism With Non-Circular Gear Constraints
Authors: Ao Meng , Yu Gaohong , Wang Lei , Sun Liang , Zhao Jun
Published: February 2023

A novel hybrid six-bar mechanism with non-circular gear constraints and its optimal synthesis method for complex multi-pose rigid body guidance tasks are proposed. An innovative optimization module is proposed to optimize the non-circularity and smoothness of non-circular gear pitch curves. The optimization synthesis of this mechanism is divided into two steps. The first step is to conduct multi-objective constraint optimization with pose error and non-circular gear pitch curve as optimization objectives to obtain the required diversified non-inferior solution set. Second, a set of solutions are selected from the solution set to construct the optimization function of non-circular gear pitch curves. The non-circularity and smoothness of the pitch curve are optimized to the maximum extent, and the pose change is ensured to be small. Finally, the multi-pose picking and planting of vegetable pot seedlings were realized using the proposed mechanism and optimization synthesis method. The final optimization design results show that the error between the actual pose and the required pose of the compact hybrid mechanism is small. The optimization effect of non-circularity and smoothness of non-circular gear pitch curves is pronounced. The effectiveness of the mechanism is verified via kinematic simulation.
Nondestructive rheological measurements of biomaterials with a magnetic microwire rheometer
Authors: Braunreuther Margaret , Liegeois Maude , Fahy John V. , Fuller Gerald G.
Published: February 2023

Programmable hydrogels, such as thiolated hydrogels, are frequently used for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications, because they offer the ability to control gelation, degradation, and adhesion. Understanding how the mechanical properties of these materials change during these processes is essential as they directly impact cell fate and delivery efficacy. The rheology of hydrogels has been quantified primarily via bulk rheological methods. While such methods are effective, they require large sample volumes and result in the destruction of the sample; therefore, responses to multiple stimuli must be recorded across many different samples. We have developed a magnetic microwire rheometer that can characterize the rheology of small sample volumes while maintaining the integrity of the sample, such that the material response to a range of stimuli can be recorded for a single sample. This capability enables insights into time-dependent rheological changes, such as gelation and degradation, and can be applied to characterize dynamic in situ systems that are the basis for tissue scaffolding, drug delivery vehicles, and other important biological applications.
Lymphatic-draining nanoparticles deliver Bay K8644 payload to lymphatic vessels and enhance their pumping function
Authors: Sestito Lauren F. , To Kim H. T. , Cribb Matthew T. , Archer Paul A. , Thomas Susan N. , Dixon J. Brandon
Published: February 2023

Dysfunction of collecting lymphatic vessel pumping is associated with an array of pathologies. S-(−)-Bay K8644 (BayK), a small-molecule agonist of L-type calcium channels, improves vessel contractility ex vivo but has been left unexplored in vivo because of poor lymphatic access and risk of deleterious off-target effects. When formulated within lymph-draining nanoparticles (NPs), BayK acutely improved lymphatic vessel function, effects not seen from treatment with BayK in its free form. By preventing rapid drug access to the circulation, NP formulation also reduced BayK’s dose-limiting side effects. When applied to a mouse model of lymphedema, treatment with BayK formulated in lymph-draining NPs, but not free BayK, improved pumping pressure generated by intact lymphatic vessels and tissue remodeling associated with the pathology. This work reveals the utility of a lymph-targeting NP platform to pharmacologically enhance lymphatic pumping in vivo and highlights a promising approach to treating lymphatic dysfunction.
Mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine modulates UCP1 to promote brown adipose thermogenesis
Authors: Johnson Jordan M. , Peterlin Alek D. , Balderas Enrique , Sustarsic Elahu G. , Maschek J. Alan , Lang Marisa J. , Jara-Ramos Alejandro , Panic Vanja , Morgan Jeffrey T. , Villanueva Claudio J. , Sanchez Alejandro , Rutter Jared , Lodhi Irfan J. , Cox James E. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Gerhart-Hines Zachary , Funai Katsuhiko
Published: February 2023

Thermogenesis by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is one of the primary mechanisms by which brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure. UCP1 resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where it dissipates membrane potential independent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Here, we provide evidence that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) modulates UCP1-dependent proton conductance across the IMM to modulate thermogenesis. Mitochondrial lipidomic analyses revealed PE as a signature molecule whose abundance bidirectionally responds to changes in thermogenic burden. Reduction in mitochondrial PE by deletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) made mice cold intolerant and insensitive to β3 adrenergic receptor agonist–induced increase in whole-body oxygen consumption. High-resolution respirometry and fluorometry of BAT mitochondria showed that loss of mitochondrial PE specifically lowers UCP1-dependent respiration without compromising electron transfer efficiency or ATP synthesis. These findings were confirmed by a reduction in UCP1 proton current in PE-deficient mitoplasts. Thus, PE performs a previously unknown role as a temperature-responsive rheostat that regulates UCP1-dependent thermogenesis.
Direct generation of spatially entangled qudits using quantum nonlinear optical holography
Authors: Yesharim Ofir , Pearl Shaul , Foley-Comer Joshua , Juwiler Irit , Arie Ady
Published: February 2023

Nonlinear holography shapes the amplitude and phase of generated new harmonics using nonlinear processes. Classical nonlinear holography influenced many fields in optics, from information storage, demultiplexing of spatial information, and all-optical control of accelerating beams. Here, we extend the concept of nonlinear holography to the quantum regime. We directly shape the spatial quantum correlations of entangled photon pairs in two-dimensional patterned nonlinear photonic crystals using spontaneous parametric down conversion, without any pump shaping. The generated signal-idler pair obeys a parity conservation law that is governed by the nonlinear crystal. Furthermore, the quantum states exhibit quantum correlations and violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, thus enabling entanglement-based quantum key distribution. Our demonstration paves the way for controllable on-chip quantum optics schemes using the high-dimensional spatial degree of freedom.
Supplemental Material: Syntectonic sediment loading and fold-thrust belt structural architecture: An example from the central Appalachians (USA)
Authors: Evans M.A.
Published: February 2023

Plate 1. Structural cross sections across the Valley and Ridge province. Cross section locations are shown in Figure 1A. Filled red circles are sample locations projected down- plunge from ~15 km on either side of the section. Restored sections (shown below each structural cross section) show the inferred syntectonic overburden (orange shading) and the approximate pre- deformation locations of samples used to determine syntectonic overburden (red filled circles). Also shown are the ranges of calculated overburden for each location based on fluid inclusion microthermometry (Table S1 [see text footnote 1]). Some locations have more than one trapping depth determination. Generalized stratigraphy is shown in Figure 1B. Solid blue unit is the Cambrian–Ordovician lithotectonic unit. Blue line is the top of the Silurian Tuscarora Formation. Red line is the top of the Lower Devonian Oriskany Formation. Brown line is the base of the Mississippian Pocono Group. Purple line is the base of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation. Green in sections 1, 2, and 3 is Silurian Salina Group salt. Screw indicates the foreland pin line. Thrust blocks are numbered in order to relate present overburden determination to the estimated restored position. Sample numbers are keyed to Table S1 (see text footnote 1). C Clastic—Cambrian clastic rocks, C-O—Cambrian–Ordovician carbonate rocks, M—Mississippian rocks, MD-UD—Middle to Upper Devonian rocks, P—Pennsylvanian rocks, PC—Precambrian rocks. AVS—Aughwick Valley syncline, BMA—Blue Mountain anticline, BMtA—Backlog Mountain anticline, BS—Bedford syncline, BVA—Brush Valley anticline, CMA—Conococheague Mountain anticline, CS—Clearville syncline, DVA—Decker Valley anticline, ECS—Evitts Creek syncline, MBS—Meadow Branch synclinorium, MGS—Meadow Ground syncline, MMS—Martin Mountain syncline, NLVA—New Lancaster Valley anticline, NMT—North Mountain thrust fault, PVA—Penns Valley anticline, PVNA—Penns Valley Narrows anticline, SHS—Sideling Hill syncline, SVA—Sugar Valley anticline, TA—Tuscarora anticline, THS—Town Hill syncline, TRS—Timber Ridge syncline, TVS—Tuscarora Valley syncline, WMtA—White Mountain anticline, WS—Wellersburg syncline. 
Keeping the frogs in the wheelbarrow: how virtual onboarding creates positive team-enabling cultures
Authors: Varma Rick , Hastings Bradley
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The post-COVID-19 great resignation puts both employee retention and the onboarding of employees in the spotlight. In an effort to maintain workforce levels, healthcare leaders are turning their attention to both recruitment (ie, bringing new frogs into the wheelbarrow) and practices that create positive, team-enabling, cultures (ie, keeping frogs in the wheelbarrow).

Methods

In this paper, we illustrate our experience in building an employee onboarding programme as an efficient mechanism not only to immerse new professionals into existing teams but also to improve workplace culture and reduce team turnover. Key to its effectiveness, and in contrast with traditional large-scale culture change programmes, is that our programme provided a local cultural context via videos of our existing workforce in action.

Results

This online experience, primed new joiners in cultural norms, helping them navigate critical early period of socialisation into their new environment.
Telehealth outpatient palliative care in the COVID-19 pandemic: patient experience qualitative study
Authors: Alcalde Castro Mirza Jacqueline , Zaig Shenhab , Nissim Rinat , O’Connor Brenda , Lau Jenny , Mak Ernie , Zimmermann Camilla , Hannon Breffni
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Outpatient in-person early palliative care improves quality of life for patients with advanced cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid shift to telehealth visits; however, little is known about how telehealth in outpatient palliative care settings should be optimised beyond the pandemic. We aimed to explore, from the perspective of patients attending an outpatient palliative care clinic, the most appropriate model of care for in-person versus telehealth visits.

Methods

A qualitative study using the grounded theory method. One-on-one, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 patients attending an outpatient palliative care clinic at a tertiary cancer centre recruited from two groups: (1) those with >1 in-person appointment prior to 1 March 2020 and >1 telehealth appointment after this date (n=17); and (2) patients who had exclusively telehealth appointments (n=9). Purposive sampling was used to incorporate diverse perspectives.

Results

Overall, participants endorsed a flexible hybrid approach incorporating both in-person and telehealth visits. Specific categories were: (1) in-person outpatient palliative care supported building interpersonal connections and trust; (2) telehealth palliative care facilitated greater efficiency, comfort and independence and (3) patient-preferred circumstances for in-person visits (preferred for initial consultations, visits where a physical examination may be required and advance care planning discussions), versus telehealth visits (preferred during periods of relative heath stability).

Conclusions

The elements of in-person and telehealth outpatient palliative care clinic visits described by patients as integral to their care may be used to develop models of hybrid outpatient palliative care delivery beyond the pandemic alongside reimbursement and regulatory guidelines.
Optimizing truck platooning transportation planning: an application to forestry products supply chains
Authors: Gazran Saba , Boukherroub Tasseda , Rönnqvist Mikael , Paquet Marc
Published: February 2023

The Fourth Industrial Revolution offers new opportunities for improving the efficiency and agility of supply chain operations such as transportation. This study explores the impact of integrating truck platooning technology in forestry products supply networks. Companies need to know how and where to use truck platooning in transportation networks to get optimum benefits from truck platooning in supply chains. To this end, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model was developed. Decisions to be made include the selection of the potential terminal locations, the number of ordinary and platooning trucks needed in the transportation network, the origin and destination of products, and their flow in direct and backhaul routes. The objective is to minimize the overall transportation cost, including terminal location costs, fixed costs for ordinary and platoon trucks, fuel, and driver costs. A total of 27 randomly generated instances are used to test the optimization model. We considered several scenarios to analyze different combinations of using or not backhauling, having or not truck platoons in the network, and allowing or not the truck platoons to visit the forest areas. The results show that the potential savings of combining the two types of trucks are in the range of 1%–12% in the scenarios in which truck platooning transportation is allowed only between terminal and mill nodes. This savings could reach more than 20% when the truck platoons are allowed to visit forest areas, depending on how many forest areas are visited. The number of drivers can be reduced by 3% to more than 30%. In addition, using truck platooning and backhauling together could reduce fuel consumption by 15.6% on average.
High-precision Penning-trap mass spectrometry for neutrino physics
Authors: Eliseev Sergey , Novikov Yuri
Published: February 2023

After several decades of a dramatic development Penning-trap mass spectrometry now demonstrates unprecedented precision and sensitivity in measurements of the masses of a broad range of nuclides for various aspects of fundamental physics. This article reviews one facet of such mass measurements—a contribution of Penning-trap mass spectrometry to experiments on studies of neutrinos. These studies encompass the determination of the neutrino mass, the search for sterile and relic neutrinos and the search for neutrinoless double electron capture in order to determine the type of neutrinos as well as to check the conservation law of the total lepton number.
Zero energy states of Dirac equation in (2 + 1)-dimensional curved spacetime
Authors: Ho Choon-Lin , Roy Pinaki
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider Dirac equation in (2 + 1)-dimensional curved spacetime in the presence of a scalar potential. It is then shown that the zero energy states are degenerate and they can be obtained when the momentum [Formula: see text] in the y direction satisfies certain constraints involving the mass parameter and the scalar potential coupling.
Md-Pred: A Multidimensional Hybrid Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning for Hotel Booking Cancellation Prediction
Authors: Tian Xinyuan , Pan Bingqin , Bai Liping , Mo Deyun
Published: February 2023

Hotel order cancellation prediction has always been an influential part of hotel management. A better prediction model can optimize the accuracy of the prediction and thus enhance the value of subsequent business analysis and operational optimization. In this paper, a multidimensional hybrid evaluation prediction model Md-Pred is proposed for the first time. It combines the CatBoost, LGBM classifier, and SARIMAX time series algorithm, which can more effectively balance the influence of various features on classification problems as well as differentiate between objective features and subjective features. Results indicate that the performance of the prototype is significant, a new level of accuracy in predicting hotel order cancellations and future guest flow has been achieved.
Masked Visual Transformer for Efficient Training with Small Dataset
Authors: Guan Chen-Zhi
Published: February 2023

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are becoming an architectural paradigm replacing the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision. ViTs offer competitive performances with respect to CNNs, but they, especially the vanilla ViTs, are hungrier for data than the typical CNNs as the short of the common inductive bias of convolution. Recently, few works focused on training vanilla ViTs efficiently with small datasets. In this paper, we perform research on training vanilla ViTs with small dataset containing thousands of images, and propose a method that is applied to self-supervised pretraining stage. The proposed method combines parametric instance discrimination with CutMix and Multi-crop. Furthermore, we introduce image masking to reduce the overfitting of pretraining on small dataset. State-of-the-art results are achieved by our method for training from scratch based on vanilla ViT backbones on seven small-scale datasets. The transferring performance of our method is also tested on small datasets, and results show that it is improved significantly.
CRMNet: Development of a Deep-Learning-Based Anchor-Free Detection Method for Illegal Building Objects
Authors: Zhou Lijuan , Liu Wenjin , Zhang Shudong , Luo Ning , Xu Min
Published: February 2023

Illegal construction poses a safety hazard to both cities and people and affects the social stability and long-term stability of the country. Therefore, it is important to detect illegal buildings as early as possible. However, current illegal building detection methods generally suffer from either detection cycles or low detection accuracies. To solve these challenges, this study adopts an unusual method that detects illegal building objects to prevent illegal building behavior. A detection model, CRMNet, which is based on the anchor-free detection model CenterNet, and dataset for illegal building objects are proposed. ResNet50 is selected as the backbone for extracting futures after weighing the computational cost and detection accuracy. Furthermore, Mish, a new activation function, is used to improve the identification accuracy of illegal building objects. Experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of the proposed detector on the illegal building object dataset reached 88.16%, which is higher than that of other popular object detection methods. Additionally, in contrast to mainstream target detection methods, the proposed detection method has fewer parameters and a higher detection accuracy, which can be better applied to mobile devices and smart devices.
Classification of COVID-19 Patient Based on Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Optimized with Garra Rufa Fish Optimization Using CT Scan Images
Authors: Selvaraj Vairaprakash , Alagarsamy Manjunathan , Thangaraju Dineshkumar , Mani Dinesh Paramathi
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is known in recent times as a severe syndrome of respiratory organ (Lungs) and has gradually produced pneumonia, a lung disorder all around the world. As coronavirus is continually spreading rapidly globally, the computed tomography (CT) technique has been made important and essential for quick diagnosis of this dangerous syndrome. Hence, it is necessitated to develop a precise computer-based technique for assisting medical clinicians in identifying the COVID-19 influenced patients with the help of CT scan images. Therefore, the multilayer perceptron neural networks optimized with Garra Rufa Fish optimization using images of CT scan is proposed in this paper for the classification of COVID-19 patients (COV-19-MPNN-GRF-CTI). The input images are taken from SARS-COV-2 CT-scan dataset. Initially, the input images are pre-processed utilizing convolutional auto-encoder (CAE) to enhance the quality of the input images by eliminating noises. The pre-processed images are fed to Residual Network (ResNet-50) for extracting the global and statistical features. The extraction over the features of CT scan images is made through ResNet-50 and subsequently input to multilayer perceptron neural networks (MPNN) for CT images classification as COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 patients. Here, the layer of Batch Normalization of the MPNN is separated and added with ResNet-50 layer. Generally, MPNN classifier does not divulge any adoption of optimization approach for calculating the optimal parameters and accurately classifying the extracted features of CT images. The Garra Rufa Fish (GRF) optimization algorithm performs to optimize the weight parameters of MPNN classifiers. The proposed approach is executed in MATLAB. The performance metrics, such as sensitivity, precision, specificity, [Formula: see text]-measure, accuracy and error rate, are examined. Then the performance of the proposed COV-19-MPNN-GRF-CTI method provides 22.08%, 24.03%, 34.76% higher accuracy, 23.34%, 26.45%, 34.44% higher precision, 33.98%, 21.95%, 34.78% lower error rate compared with the existing methods, like multi-task deep learning using CT image analysis for COVID-19 pneumonia classification and segmentation (COV-19-MDP-CTI), COVID-19 classification utilizing CT scan depending on meta-classifier approach (COV-19-SEMC-CTI) and deep learning-based COVID-19 prediction utilizing CT scan images (COV-19-CNN-CTI), respectively.
Theoretical analysis on the Barrow holographic dark energy in the Finsler–Randers cosmology
Authors: Feng Wenyu , Yang Weiqiang , Jiang Bo , Wang Yitao , Han Tianyi , Wu Yabo
Published: February 2023

Cosmological features of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE), a recent generalization of original Holographic dark energy with a richer structure, are studied in the context of Finsler–Randers universe, where the Hubble horizon is considered as the IR cutoff. Following this setup, we derive the evolution equation for the Barrow holographic dark energy-density parameter, the equation-of-state (EoS) parameter and deceleration parameter. As a result of our study, it is obtained that the model is able to describe the currently accelerating universe in both noninteractive and interactive scenarios, and that the development of the deceleration phase over to the acceleration phase also occurs later in this case. Furthermore, we discuss the statefinder diagnosis of this model, while plotting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] versus redshift [Formula: see text] and the evolutionary trajectories of [Formula: see text]. We find that the statefinder is not only superior in breaking the parsimony of the different coupling parameter values in this model, but also clearly distinguishes between the Barrow holographic dark energy model and the [Formula: see text] model. In addition, we find that the statefinder pair performs slightly worse than [Formula: see text] for both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in this model. Finally, we show that the distance modulus of the theoretical model is compared with the observed data of Ia supernovae, and it is found that the theoretical model is in good agreement with the observed data. Our model satisfactorily explains the present history of the universe, thus providing a good candidate for dark energy.
Improved Three-Variable Control for Electromagnetic Mass Damper System Considering Control–Structure Interaction
Authors: Yao Hongcan , Tan Ping , Liu Yanhui , Zhou Fulin
Published: February 2023

Current methods account for control–structure interaction (CSI) in structural control design, which may be unavailable in the preliminary design phase of actively controlled structures due to the unknown dynamic characteristic of an actuator. Therefore, it may result in significant difference in the design and evaluation of an active structural control system when ignoring or considering CSI at different phases. To eliminate the CSI effects of electromagnetic mass damper (EMD) system and thus decouple the tracking control of EMD from the control design of structure, in this paper, an improved three-variable control (ITVC) combining a signal convertor, a typical three-variable controller, and a voltage compensator is developed. The voltage compensator counteracts the influence of lower-order CSI including viscous damping force and Coulomb friction. The three-variable controller reduces the higher-order CSI effects, while the signal convertor converts all command and feedback signals to the relative coordinate system and eliminates the additional CSI effects. Performance tests and frequency response tests of the EMD system show that the CSI effects are basically eliminated by ITVC. In addition, shake table tests are performed on a one-story actively controlled structure to further verify ITVC. Experimental results suggest that ITVC can apply accurate control force on the structure and achieve ideal structural response control.
A Hybrid Algorithm of Ant Colony and Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Han He , Cao Jie , Wang Ya-Jing
Published: February 2023

We propose a hybrid approach for solving problems of mixed-integer linear programming with two types of variables (MILPTTV). The hybrid approach includes three algorithms: (1) Benders decomposition; (2) the ant colony algorithm; (3) the feasible heuristic method. We decompose the programming problem into a master problem and a subproblem using Benders decomposition. The ant colony algorithm generates an initial solution for the master problem. A feasible heuristic is used to obtain feasible solutions as input to the subproblem, whereas the subproblem is solved to optimality by using a linear programming solver that is named Linprog function in MATLAB R2016a. Over successive iterations, the master problem is refined by adding cuts from the subproblem and the master problem is solved by a linear programming solver Cplexmilp function. We compare the performance of the proposed hybrid approach against a general Benders decomposition approach as well as against a mixed-integer programming solver CPLEX (version 12.6) that is invoked by MATLAB on MIPLIB test problem mas76, mas74 and some large-scale numerical examples.
A Novel Analytical Approach for Nonlinear Thermo-Mechanical Buckling of Higher-Order Shear Deformable Porous Circular Plates and Spherical Caps with FGM Face Sheets
Authors: Le Ngoc Ly , Duong Thi Ngoc Thu , Dang Thuy Dong , Vu Minh Duc , Bui Tien Tu , Nguyen Thi Phuong , Vu Hoai Nam
Published: February 2023

A novel analytical approach for nonlinear thermo-mechanical buckling of higher-order shear deformable porous circular plates and spherical caps with functionally graded material (FGM) face sheets resting on Pasternak elastic foundation is presented in this paper. The circular plates and spherical caps are assumed to be subjected to uniformly distributed external pressure and/or uniformly distributed thermal loads, and the nonlinear higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is used for largely thick plates and caps with the shell-foundation interaction modeled by Pasternak elastic foundation. The caps are assumed to be shallow with clamped boundary conditions. The total potential energy expression of structures is established and the Ritz energy method is used to solve the problem directly from the total potential energy expression. The expressions between external pressure–deflection, thermal load–deflection, and thermo-mechanical combined load–defection can be obtained using the iterative algorithms. The critical buckling loads and postbuckling behavior of plates/caps are investigated numerically. Significant effects of foundation, porosity, structure parameters on the nonlinear thermo-mechanical responses of circular plates and spherical caps are numerically investigated and discussed, and the complex tendencies of postbuckling strength of plates and caps are obtained.
Tangible Progress: Tools, Techniques, and Impacts of Teaching Web Development to Screen Reader Users
Authors: Kearney-Volpe Claire , Fleet Chancey , Ohshiro Keita , Alfaro Arias Veronica , Hao Xu Eric , Hurst Amy
Published: February 2023

Despite a growing demand for Web Development and adjacent tech skills, there is a lack of accessible skills training for screen reader users. To address this gap, we developed tools and techniques to support screen reader users in learning web development. In this article, we describe our design, implementation, and evaluation of a nine-week web development workshop, designed to introduce screen reader users to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. We taught the remote workshop using synchronous lectures followed by one-on-one time with
Teaching Assistants (TAs)
and included a resource-rich website, tactile diagrams, and discussion forum. We evaluated the effectiveness of our tools and the impact of the workshop during, immediately following, and one year after the workshop. At its conclusion, students demonstrated their knowledge of web development basics by creating and publishing their own websites; showed an increase in self-efficacy; and maintained a high level of interest in the subject. Participation also benefited TAs who reported increased confidence in understanding accessibility concepts, increased interest in pursuing work related to accessibility, and plans to apply what they learned. One year after the workshop, both students and TAs reported a lasting impact. Most notably, students had applied their understanding of design concepts, reported that the workshop helped them prepare for career changes or helped them in their current job functions, and that it gave them both the language and confidence to problem-solve web and accessibility issues. TAs felt that the workshop broadened their understanding of blind students’ abilities; especially when provided with accessible materials and tools, it gave them a better understanding of digital accessibility and assistive technologies, and they shared examples of how they continue to apply learnings and advocate for accessibility. Based on these findings, we recommend techniques and tools to support screen reader users’ learning web development, the inclusion of job-focused sub-topics, and suggestions for engaging with post-secondary institutions to pair service learning with tech skills training. We close with recommendations for implementing and adapting the workshop using our open-educational materials to expand the availability and breadth of accessible tech skills training and co-learning experiences for post-secondary students.
Nanostructured MnO2 Films for 3D Micro‐Supercapacitors: From New Insights of the Growth Mechanism to the Fine Tuning of Areal Capacitance Values
Authors: Bounor Botayna , Asbani Bouchra , Douard Camille , Deresmes Dominique , Stiévenard Didier , Roussel Pascal , Favier Frederic , Lethien Christophe , Brousse Thierry
Published: February 2023

Maximizing the electrochemical performance of 3D micro-supercapacitors based on pseudocapacitive films is crucial for powering the next generation of miniaturized IoT devices. The films have to be nanostructured, must conform the 3D template, and have uniform deposition. To study the growth mechanism of nanostructured MnO2 films obtained by a pulsed electrodeposition method, in situ Atomic Force Microscopy methods operating in liquid mode, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and electrochemical characterization techniques were used. The impact of ON and OFF times during the pulsed electrodeposition process was investigated. The deposition mechanism in Volmer Weber Island growth mode provided some guidelines to tune the deposit morphology to enhance the electrochemical performance of the 3D electrode based on nanostructured MnO2 films.
It is time to abandon single-value oxygen uptake energy equivalents
Authors: Gill Pavreet K. , Kipp Shalaya , Beck Owen N. , Kram Rodger
Published: February 2023

We quantify that the common practice of using single-value oxygen uptake energy equivalents for exercising subjects can incur systematic errors of up to 7%. We argue that such errors can be greatly reduced if researchers measure both V̇o2 and V̇co2 and adopt appropriate stoichiometry equations.
Low-load blood flow-restricted resistance exercise produces fiber type-independent hypertrophy and improves muscle functional capacity in older individuals
Authors: Wang Jakob , Mogensen Anna-Maria Godsk , Thybo Frederik , Brandbyge Magnus , Brorson Jonas , van Hall Gerrit , Agergaard Jakob , de Paoli Frank Vincenzo , Miller Benjamin F. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Farup Jean , Vissing Kristian
Published: February 2023

We provide novel insight, that as little as 6 wk of low-load blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) produces pronounced fiber type-independent hypertrophy, alongside improvements across a broad range of muscle functional capacity in older individuals. Notably, since these results were obtained with a modest exercise volume and in a very time-efficient manner, BFRRE may represent a potent exercise strategy to counteract age-related muscle decay.
Mutual Coupling Reduction between Two Closely Spaced Antennas with a General PMC Symmetry Plane for Mobile Terminals
Authors: Fang Yijiao , Zhong Jiangwei , Nie Yao , Fu Maosheng
Published: February 2023

In this paper, an artificial general perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) decoupling structure is proposed to improve the isolation between two-element closely spaced antenna arrays with an operating frequency around 2.4 GHz. This kind of PMC structure can effectively activate the in-phase coupling current and cancel the antiphase coupling current raised by the original perfect electric conductor (PEC) equivalent interface, thereby blocking the energy coupling from one antenna input port to another. The proposed design is composed of a transmission line and a lumped element in the neutral position of a pair of electrically small antennas. To validate the utility of this approach, we analyze the current/field distribution of this structure and the mode superposition mechanism in the present paper. The results show that, with a close center-to-center distance of 5 mm, the isolation between the arrays is improved from −5 dB to −20 dB at around 2.4 GHz. Furthermore, to validate the feature that this special in-phase coupling current distribution is insensitive to frequency, we analyze the decoupling performance in a frequency reconfiguration or a dual-frequencytwo-element antenna array. The decoupling feature emerges in the proposed structure over a larger frequency range (2.2–2.6 GHz) than the previous design. A sample of this two-element frequency reconfiguration antenna system is fabricated and measured in this paper. We also realized a dual-frequency antenna system with expected isolation. Through the above discussion, we can know that these decoupling geometrical parameters can be worked in the whole range of 2.2–2.6 GHz with the same decoupling structural parameters. Good performance and compact structures make the proposed structure suitable for mobile communication applications.
Analysis of Settlement of Group Pile Foundation in Linear Viscoelastic Soil
Authors: Li Long , Deng Yousheng
Published: February 2023

The settlement of a group pile foundation is the result of elastic-plastic settlement of the pile and rheological settlement of the soil. Unfortunately, most research only considers elasto-plasticity settlement of piles or rheological settlement of soils. Classical theories like the Poynting-Thompson model only provide some prediction for the elasto-plasticity behavior of pile groups, which cannot satisfactorily reflect the total settlement characteristics of pile group foundation. In the current paper, we presented a method to study settlement behaviors of pile group foundation in linear viscoelastic soil based on the pile-pile interaction factors, the calculated equation of settlement of single piles and pile groups under vertical loads that are derived, the influence law of pile end resistance, pile spacing, slenderness ratio, elastic modulus ratio, and Poisson ratio on pile end load ratio, and the interaction factors that have been presented. Finally, some typical predictive examples have been presented for a 2 × 2, 3 × 3 group pile showing settlement from a field test. It is found that the pile-pile interaction factors increase with the increase of the pile-soil elastic modulus ratio and length-to-diameter ratio but decrease with the increase of the ratio of distance to diameter, and the ratio of distance to diameter has little effect on the interaction factor when pile spacing is more than 10 d (d is the diameter of the pile). The error between the field test results and computed data is 14.9%, the settlement calculated by the present method shows good agreement with the reported results, and the correlativity coefficients R2 are greater than 0.9223, which signifies that the present method is suitable for the theoretical calculation and prediction of the composite foundation settlement of linear viscoelastic soil when piles are used to strengthen the foundation. The method would provide a unique view to quantitative prediction of the settlement characteristic of group pile foundation.
Minimally Invasive Plating of Distal Radius Fracture: A Series of 42 Cases and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Satria Oryza , Wikanjaya Rio , Tenges Christa Adriane , Al Mashur Muslich Idris
Published: February 2023

Surgical techniques developed for distal radius fracture fixation have become increasingly advanced, including minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). This study aimed to introduce and evaluate the functional outcome of a novel MIPO technique that differs from previous reports. This study included 42 patients with distal radius fractures who underwent minimally invasive surgical plating of the distal radius. All patients were treated with closed reduction, fixation using K-wire, and subsequent insertion of a volar anatomical stable angle short plate on the distal radius. An arthroscopy-assisted evaluation and repair procedure were performed to correct intra-articular involvement, triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, and scapholunate injuries. Functional outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale score; quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score; and postoperative range of motion of flexion, extension, supination, and pronation at the 3-month follow-up, showing significant improvement in all parameters (all

p

 ≤ 0.05). This study provides a simpler yet reliable method with reproducible and consistent results to treat distal radius fractures using minimally invasive plating with closed reduction and plate insertion, resulting in satisfactory clinical outcomes in all patients.
Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Micropolar Nanofluid Flow due to Radially Stretchable Rotating Disk Employing Spectral Method
Authors: Tulu Ayele
Published: February 2023

The present analysis is aimed at examining MHD micropolar nanofluid flow past a radially stretchable rotating disk with the Cattaneo-Christov non-Fourier heat and non-Fick mass flux model. To begin with, the model is developed in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) for momentum, microrotation, thermal, and concentration with their boundary conditions. Employing suitable similarity transformation, the boundary layer micropolar nanofluid flows governing these PDEs are transformed into large systems of dimensionless coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These dimensionless ODEs are solved numerically by means of the spectral local linearization method (SLLM). The consequences of more noticeable involved parameters on different flow fields and engineering quantities of interest are thoroughly inspected, and the results are presented via graph plots and tables. The obtained results confirm that SLLM is a stable, accurate, convergent, and computationally very efficient method to solve a large coupled system of equations. The radial velocity grows while the tangential velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions turn down as the value of the radial stretching parameter improves, and hence, in practical applications, radial stretching of the disk is helpful to advance the cooling process of the rotating disk. The occurrence of microrotation viscosity in microrotation parameters (

A

1

−

A

6

) declines the radial velocity profile, and the kinetic energy of the fluid is reduced to some extent far away from the surface of the disk. The novelty of the study is the consideration of microscopic effects occurring from the micropolar fluid elements such as micromotion and couple stress, the effects of non-Fourier’s heat and non-Fick’s mass flux, and the effect of radial stretching disk on micropolar nanofluid flow, heat, and mass transfer.
A Generalized Modularity for Computing Community Structure in Fully Signed Networks
Authors: He Xiaochen , Zhang Ruochen , Zhu Bin
Published: February 2023

The community structure in fully signed networks that considers both node attributes and edge signs is important in computational social science; however, its physical description still requires further exploration, and the corresponding measurement remains lacking. In this paper, we present a generalized framework of community structure in fully signed networks, based on which a variant of modularity is designed. An optimization algorithm that maximizes modularity to detect potential communities is also proposed. Experiments show that the proposed method can efficiently optimize the objective function and perform effective community detection.
Age-, Sex-, and Puberty-Associated Reference Intervals for Lipid Profile in Iranian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Montazeri-Najafabady Nima , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Rais Pour Homeyra
Published: February 2023

Childhood dyslipidemia is considered a major worldwide health issue. Identification of children with dyslipidemia is notably essential for healthcare providers in establishing and releasing recommendations for the management and prevention of future CVD. In the present study, we provided reference values for the lipid profile from Kawar (a city in the south of Iran) cohort of healthy children and adolescents aged 9–18 years. 472 subjects (234 girls and 238 boys) contributed to the current prospective cohort study using a systematic random sample stratified by age. Fasting lipid levels were measured by enzymatic reagents. Dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to evaluate puberty based on the Tanner stages. LMS Chart Maker and Excel software were used to construct the gender-specific reference plots showing the 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97th percentiles of BMI, cholesterol, TG, HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL. The outcomes revealed that concentrations of TC, LDL, and non-HDL were drastically greater in girls as compared to boys. TG increased with age in both genders, while HDL, TC, LDL, and non-HDL declined. We also observed that puberty was associated with higher lipid values in boys and girls except for TG in boys. Our study prepared age- and sex-specific reference intervals for the lipid profile in Iranian children and adolescents. Converted to age and gender percentiles, these reference intervals are expected to serve as an effective and consistent tool for doctors to identify dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.
Senescence and Immunotherapy: Redundant Immunomodulatory Pathways Promote Resistance
Authors: Oesterreich Steffi , Aird Katherine M.
Published: February 2023

Senescent cancer cells alter their microenvironment through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and upregulation of immunoinhibitory proteins such as CD80 and programmed death-ligand 1. The senescence field is just beginning to explore the role of these changes on antitumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. In this Perspective, we highlight a new study that aimed to determine how senescent breast cancer cells are shielded from immunosurveillance via upregulation of redundant immunoinhibitory proteins in two distinct senescent populations. We also discuss recent articles regarding how the SASP alters the tumor immune microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. As many therapies used to treat cancers induce senescence, future work will need to better refine the composition of the SASP and heterogeneity of senescence in the tumor microenvironment to more completely understand how the immune compartment is regulated by senescent tumors.
High Visceral-To-Subcutaneous Fat Ratio Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Nonobese Adults
Authors: Koo Ja Eun , Chang Hye-Sook , Park Hye Won , Park Sungwon , Bae Inyoung , Lee Ji Young , Choe Jaewon
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Abdominal obesity increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to determine the association between GERD and abdominal fat area quantified by computed tomography (CT). Methods: We analyzed the effect of abdominal fat area on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis using logistic regression models in 5,338 participants who underwent abdominal fat measurement CT and screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results: Participants with reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis were diagnosed in 1,168 (21.9%) and 671 (12.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were significantly associated with reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) in the fourth quartile of visceral fat area compared with that in the lowest quartile was 1.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–2.39) for reflux symptoms and 2.33 (95% CI 1.80–3.01) for erosive esophagitis. Visceral fat area had a stronger effect in the younger age-group. In the group <50 years, the adjusted OR in fourth quartile of visceral fat area was 2.70 (95% CI 1.86–3.94) for reflux symptoms and 3.59 (95% CI 2.22–5.80) for erosive esophagitis. High visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) increased the risk of reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis in participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 and normal waist circumference. Conclusion: Subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were associated with an increased risk of reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis. High VSR increased the risk of reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis in participants with normal body weight and waist circumference.