bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
董事資訊權之若干思考
Authors: 黃朝琮 黃朝琮
Published: October 2021

以公司法第193條之1增訂之討論為契機，本文以德拉瓦州法為對象，思考我國董事資訊權之若干問題，認為董事資訊權乃輔助董事執行職務所需，係附隨於受託義務而生。然此並非意味董事得恣意請求公司提供資訊，毋寧仍有若干限制。再者，由是否明文增訂董事資訊權之討論，可見我國對於董事定位，以及其所謂監督權之內涵為何等議題上，仍未有共識，致對於董事資訊權產生若干誤解；關於董事資訊之分享範圍，以及如何提供該權利行使之有效救濟途徑等，則付之闕如。本文嘗試就此等問題進行若干思考，提出若干意見。
By use of the discussion in connection with the addition of the draft Article 193-1 of the Company Act, this article considers and analyzes the issues with respect to the director's information right by reference to the Delaware law, arguing that such right is to assist the director to perform his/her duty, so it is the right ancillary to the director's fiduciary duty. However, recognizing the director has the information right does not mean the director could arbitrarily request any information he/she wants. Rather, such right is with limitation. Besides, the discussion whether to explicitly provide director information right reveals that the community in Taiwan does not have consensus on certain fundamental issues, such as the role a director play, the meaning and scope of the director's supervision right, etc., that lead to misunderstanding to the director's information right; furthermore, the discussion regarding the scope of the director's information sharing and the remedial measures available are absent. This article considers the above issues to fill the vacuum.
「內事以柔日」─《春秋》經傳內事與柔日統計考論
Authors: 黃聖松 黃聖松
Published: October 2021

《禮記‧曲禮上》：「外事以剛日，內事以柔日。」葉國良先生已撰文證實《春秋》經傳與祭祖相關之事多用柔日。本文以《春秋》經傳為範圍，爬梳相關記載，將可能選用柔日事務分為祭祀與政治二類。祭祀事務如喪之告廟、郊祭、雩祭選用柔日比例皆100%。政治事務包括新君即位、冊立與朝宗廟、國君與卿大夫或卿大夫間之盟、國君與卿大夫出奔他國等，其中新君即位、冊立與朝宗廟可合併計算，柔日比例 63.64%。一國之內同盟與出奔，選用柔日比例分別達72.73%與 82.35%。本文探究「政治」事務偏用柔日之由，乃因新君即位、盟誓、出奔皆與祭奠祖先或神靈關聯。知「內事以柔日」之說不僅可信，且進一步得知選用柔日事務大凡與祭祀相關。

 

The part one in Quli in the Records of Rites notes that the odd days used for external affairs, and the even ones used for internal affairs. Ye Guoliang verifies that internal affairs recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals Jingzhuan and ancestor worship used even days often. This study is based on the Spring and Autumn Annals Jingzhuan to clarify the related records and divide the affairs which possibly used the even days into two categories— ancestor worship and politics. Even days are used 100% chance in ancestor-worshipping affairs, such as telling deities of holding mourning ceremony, rural festival, or praying for rain. Political affairs includes new emperor ascending the throne and worshiping at the ancestral shrine, which can be calculated together and the even days they used is 63.64%, the alliance between the emperor and officials or officials and officials, which is calculated as 72.73%, and the emperor and officials absconding to other countries, which is calculated as 82.35%. This study probes into the reasons why political affairs mentioned above used even days often. This research can not only make sure the saying that internal affairs used even days, but also know that using even days was related to sacrifices.

 
蔡邕與《白虎通》關係考
Authors: 周德良 周德良
Published: October 2021

本文論述分二條線索：其一，從白虎觀會議──蔡邕──《白虎通》之歷史發展，分析白虎觀會議事跡與卷帙之關係；其二，從曹褒《漢禮》──蔡邕──《白虎通》之歷史發展，推測蔡邕與《白虎通》之接觸過程。依上述二條線索，本文首先分析白虎觀會議之緣起與宗旨；其次概述《白虎通》校刻與版本流傳；再者敘述莊述祖引蔡邕作品考證《白虎通》之成果，商榷莊述祖正名「白虎通義」之主張；論文第五節，重新回溯曹褒制作《漢禮》之成果，分析《漢禮》與《白虎通》兩者若合符節；最後，從時間與空間，探究蔡邕接觸《白虎通》之機會，從卷帙數量與文本性質，比較《白虎通》與《漢禮》之關係，推測蔡邕可能造成影響後世研究《白虎通》之成因。

 

This paper divided into two clues: The first, from Baihuguan meeting──Cai yong──The historical development of Baihutong, indicating the relationships of voluminous and Baihuguan meeting ; the second, from Cao bao HanLi──Cai yong──The historical development of Baihutong, suggesting the process of the contact with Cai yong and Baihutong. According to the above two clues, This article first analyzes the origin and purpose of the Baihuguan meeting; the second , Describes the achievements of Zhuang Shuzu’s researching of Baihutong in Cai yong’s works . concidering his claim of renamed of Baihutongyi. The fifth, Retracing back the achievements of Cao bao ’s writing HanLi, analyzes the similarities with HanLi and Baihutong texts. The last , from time and place, to explore the possibility of Cai yong to contact with Baihutong, from the voluminous and quantity to analyze Baihutong relations with HanLi, presumably the possible that Cai yong might be the cause of later researching Baihutong.

 
南管《蘇秦》版本考述
Authors: 柯香君 柯香君
Published: October 2021

南管戲之確切淵源與發展，向來眾說紛紜，在探尋南管戲淵源時，主要集中於劇目與宋元南戲舊目之關係探討，並以此作為南管戲淵源於宋元戲文之依據。然而是否「同名劇目」就一定源自於「宋元戲文」？是否在劇目情節安排上，彼此就一定存在必然關係？「文化集體性」是文本改寫過程中最主要變因，為符合地域文化之差異性，文本有必要重新詮釋再創，縱使已傳承數百年之經典文本亦同。關於「蘇秦」故事，始自《戰國策》，此後相繼改編成雜劇、傳奇等形式。然而經過時空之傳遞流播，各地改編情節亦有所差異，尤其閩南語系地域，因不同文化氛圍，使得劇作產生地域性之變異。

本文將以泉州南管《蘇秦》為研究對象，針對相同劇目進行版本考述，並從各劇作之「關目情節」與「曲文賓白」兩大面向，比對歷來相關劇作彼此間之承繼與創新，嘗試建構南管戲在地方聲腔演化過程中之地位與價值，以窺見南戲流播之軌跡。

 

There have been various opinions regarding the precise origin and development of Nanguan Opera. Study on history of Nanguan Opera is mainly based on the relationship between list of opera and old list of Sung Yuang Nanxi and it is regarded as reference of Nanguan Opera originated from Sung Yuan hsi-en. However, is “list of opera of the same name” derived from “Sung Yuan hsi-wen”? Does the relationship exit in the plot arrangement of list of opera? “Cultural collectivism” is the principal factor of text revision. In order to comply with regional and cultural difference, the authors must develop the reinterpretation, even in the classical texts which have been diffused for hundred of years. The story of the Su Qin began with the Intrigues of the Warring States and has since been adapted into dramas, legends, and other forms. However, through the transmission of time and space, there are also differences in the plots of adaptations in various places. In particular, in the Minnan dialect region, due to different cultural atmospheres, the drama produces regional variations.

This article will use the Quanzhou Nanguan Su Qin as its research object. Careful research against a version of the same repertoire. This article research project, including “Guanmu”, “Plotline”, “Cyu Wun”, “Binbai”. A careful analysis tbetween inheritance and innovation of the relationship between each scrip. Final, establish to Construct the Position and Value of Nanguan Opera in the Evolution of Local Sound Cavity, to understand the spread of Nanguan Opera.

 
「錦繡才子」與社會性閱讀──新論金聖歎《第六才子書西廂記》
Authors: 凌筱嶠 凌筱嶠
Published: October 2021

本文擬將金聖歎評《第六才子書西廂記》放置於閱讀史脈絡中，考察金批《西廂》中有關「錦繡才子」之戲劇性展演。金批《西廂》一反傳統的「發憤著書論」以及作者寄身翰墨以期不朽的文化心理，強調古人／作者之不可知，將文本生產與天才作者的英雄人格相剝離，轉而將創作、閱讀主體共同放置於茫茫天地間洶湧萬世的時間潮流中。妙文成為「普天下萬世錦繡才子」構成的菁英讀者群體與聖歎間通過儀式性的情感交流以及「平心斂氣」的身體體驗得以從天下萬世人人心中「偷取」出的公共之寶。如此立論，看似與二十世紀後結構主義的「作者已死」觀念相貫通，實際卻植根於聖歎作為十七世紀江南才子，藉木刻本為公共平臺，對社會性閱讀理想化的構想。本文通過情感紐帶、身體體驗、洞察力培養三方面考察聖歎展演的社會性閱讀之內涵──其中折射的明清之際文人審美趣味既承接儒者身體力行的閱讀功夫，又展現出晚明醫藥話語和禪、儒合一的專業性知識體系。有趣的是，金聖歎對「錦繡才子」的訴求在清代的接受史中不敵刻書家、戲曲家對「才子」概念的慣性理解。然而聖歎的「才子觀」因其突破時空限制，且以共同的倫理、文化、文本記憶為界定，具有超越地域、政治實體、身分的開放性。由此可見金聖歎對預期讀者理想化建構之影響值得放置於東亞語境內進一步考察。

 

This paper situates Jin Shengtan’s The Sixth Genius Book: The Western Wing in the context of the history of reading. In his tremendously popular commentary on the romantic play, The Story of the Western Wing, Jin defines the text as an artifact that captures the aesthetics of a single moment that is utterly unique and incapable of reproduction. Any writer does not possess his text once it materializes into marvelous writings between Heaven and earth (tiandi miaowen), as these are treasures of talented men whose brilliance of learning renders the patterns of nature as the text’s simulacrum. I will examine how Jin uses this definition of the literary text to promote his understanding of reading as a social activity that entails emotional, embodied, and cognitive experiences that fuse subjective identities of the author, the reader, and the commentator in a virtual community of reader-writers sharing brocade-like minds (jinxiu caizi). Jin’s theory of reading may resonate with the Poststructuralist perspective on the death of the author—a text is always already embedded in a tissue of signs; to impose an author is to impose a limit on that text. Yet Jin’s anticipation of the reader’s community is premised on a pursuit of those with equal intellectual capacities. There is therefore no “reading public” within Jin’s purview. Ironically, the publishers and editors who produced no fewer than ninety editions based on Jin’s commentary did not respond well with Jin’s call for a reading community. To fully appreciate the significance of the sociology of reading staged in Jin’s commentary, we need to look beyond commercial printing in Qing China and at Chosŏn Korea, where men of letters were inspired by Jin’s commentary to re-evaluate the acts of reading and writing.

 
從東亞視野論《性理大全》的意義：以韓國與越南的流傳比較為中心
Authors: 許怡齡 許怡齡
Published: October 2021

本文的宗旨，在於從東亞儒學的意義上考察15到19世紀《性理大全》在韓越的接受過程，比較兩國對《性理大全》的定位差異，藉此掌握韓越兩國儒學基調的異同。明永樂13年[1415]，胡廣等人奉永樂帝之命編纂《五經大全》、《四書大全》、《性理大全》三書。永樂17年[1419]，三《大全》被頒賜給朝鮮及交趾，使《性理大全》成為韓越性理學的重要讀物。三《大全》中，《性理大全》是唯一在韓越兩國皆產生「節要本」者，這似乎暗示《性理大全》與另外兩《大全》具有不同的存在方式與意義。相對於另外兩《大全》，《性理大全》與科舉的關係較為薄弱，使該書具有一種相對的「脫世俗性」。朝鮮因為如此而將《性理大全》視為三大全之首，越南則因此將《性理大全》視為三大全之末。藉由比較韓越對《性理大全》的定位，兩國儒學的基本質性差異也被顯題化：若說朝鮮儒學是「作為『心學』的儒學」，越南儒學可說是「作為『實學』的儒學」。

 

This essay aims to understand the impact of the East Asian diffusion of The Complete Works of Naturality and Truth （Xing Li Da Quan 性理大全， Naturality and Truth hereafter）. To this end， the essay discusses the processes of the adoption of Naturality and Truth in Chosun and Vienam and compares how the two versions of Essentials of The Complete Works of Naturality and Truth （Xing Li Da Quan Je Yao 性理大全節要， Essentials hereafter） were formed in the differing contexts of the two kingdoms. Naturality and Truth， together with The Complete Works of the Five Classics and The Complete Works of the Four Books， were revised by a team of scholars led by Hu Guang under the commission of Emperor Yongle in 1415. Four years later， the emperor further ordered these three works be given to Chosun and Vietnam， which subsequently became the foundation upon which Neo-Confucianism took shape in these two kingdoms. Nevertheless， only Naturality and Truth had Essentials in both kingdoms. Confucian scholars in both states were responsible for producing their own versions of Essentials， and Kim Chung-Kook （1485-1541）， a member of Jo Gwangjo faction， and Bùi Huy Bích （1744-1818）， a student of prominent scholar Lê Quý Đôn， were in charge of the editorial tasks in Chosun and Vietnam， respectively. Kim Chung-Kook and Bùi Huy Bích abridged Naturality and Truth in accordance to the needs of their own kingdoms， and their selective appropriations provide important materials for examining the Neo-Confucian thoughts in the two states， demonstrating the transformation of classical works in differing foreign contexts.

 
16-17世紀朝鮮學界「以儒解莊」的詮釋風氣
Authors: 金鎬 金鎬
Published: October 2021

《莊子》一書早在三國時代已傳入韓國，而且經過高麗、朝鮮時期，影響到不少文人學者，這是毋庸懷疑的。朝鮮自建國初期始，由朝廷主導《莊子》的刊印，甚至有時在朝廷中用它來講學。在朝鮮莊學的演變過程當中，16-17世紀是一個相當特殊的時期，那是因為當時不少學人熱衷閱讀《莊子》，有些人解釋莊子學說的內涵，有些人藉《莊子》呈現出自身的感懷。值得注意的是，在這種過程中，朝鮮學人無論有意或無意，給《莊子》予以學術上的定位，這與明末清初明遺民對於《莊子》的認知有相同的思維方式。本文針對16-17世紀朝鮮學界以儒解《莊》的風氣，做初步的探討，其主要內容有兩點：第一、先查考眾多《莊子》註解本中，朝鮮盛行的《莊子》註解本有哪些，並藉此說明朝鮮莊學的基本性質；第二、在相關資料中，先說明16-17世紀的朝鮮學人為何關注《莊子》，然後找出關於以儒解《莊》的資料，並說明其詮釋的具體內涵。

 

《Zhuangzi》 was first introduced to Korea during the Three Kingdoms Period and influenced many writers during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. There is no doubt about this. Joseon Dynasty led the publication of the 《Zhuangzi》 from the early days of its founding， and even studied lecture with 《Zhuangzi》 in Royal Court. In the Joseon Dynasty， the 16th and 17th centuries were a very special time in the process of changing the perception of the 《Zhuangzi》. Because many scholars were very enthusiastic about reading it then， and some scholars expressed their feelings through the book and granted academic status to it. This is due to the same way in which the people of Ming ang Qing periods of China. This paper is intended to give a basic review to the academic ethos - Zhuangzi is interpreted from Confucian perspectives of Joseon’s academic community in the 16th and 17th centuries. The main content is twofold. First， we investigate an annotated edition， which became popular in Joseon among many annotated edition of 《Zhuangzi》. And through this， we will explain the basic characteristics of the study of Zhuangzi in Joseon Dynasty. Second， we would like to start by looking at what made Joseon scholars in the 16th and 17th centuries interested in 《Zhuangzi》. Next， this paper would like to find the material that Zhuangzi is interpreted from Confucian perspectives and explain the concrete meaning of such interpretation.

 
唐通事教材對於古典小說與善書之接受：以江戶時期（1603-1867）《鬧裡鬧》、《唐話長短拾話》、《唐通事心得》為中心
Authors: 許麗芳 許麗芳
Published: October 2021

本論文分析日本江戶時期（1603-1867）唐通事教材對古典小說與善書之接受現象。當時的唐通事教材具有明顯的口語特徵與通俗內涵，此實與古典小說與善書關係密切。既有研究已關注其中語音或敘事現象等，本文則於既有基礎上，分析《鬧裡鬧》、《唐話長短拾話》、《唐通事心得》對於中國筆記小說、話本小說與章回小說之承襲與相關意義，分析範圍包括唐通事教材沿襲白話小說之口語特徵、對文言或白話小說情節剪裁改寫之敘事現象，並藉以傳輸的庶民倫理關懷，以及所觸及的有關小說與善書之互動內涵，本文關注這些敘事形式與價值觀點之承襲與唐通事學養之關聯，藉由相關比對分析，以期理解透過傳播與模擬，文學文本在異國的接受現象與可能意涵。

 

This paper examines how Japanese Tangtongshi（唐通事）textbooks which are characterized by colloquial language and values of civilians receive Chinese classical novels. Critics have indicated colloquialism in Tangtongshi textbooks, and this paper continues the discussion by analyzing three textbooks for the Tangtongshi: Naun Li Naun（鬧裡鬧）,Tang Hua Chang Duan Shi Hua（唐話長短拾話）and Tang Tong Shi Hsing Der （唐通事心得）. This paper investigates how they receive and inherit Chinese classical novels: they rewrite the narrative of classical novels and deliver the values of civilians. This paper also examines the relationship among the classical novels, Tangtongshi materials and Shanshu（善書common books used to moralize civilians）, expecting to show how Japan’s Tangtongshi materials use Chinese classical novels in an international context where Chinese books introduced to Japan influence how Japan’s Tangtongshi textbooks are written.

 
生與化：漢畫西王母圖像系統中的蟾蜍及其魂魄觀
Authors: 高莉芬 高莉芬
Published: October 2021

西王母的崇拜與信仰自漢代流傳至今而不絕，影響深遠，二十世紀以來，因漢畫像的出土發現，西王母圖像大量出現在漢代墓室祠堂中，這些考古材料又重新活化漢代西王母的研究。今考漢畫像西王母圖像系統，並非以單一主神出現，其空間語境多配以不同的輔助圖像。本文研究主要以漢畫像西王母仙境圖為探討範圍，以漢畫像西王母仙境圖中「必要圖像」蟾蜍為研究對象，並旁及「月中蟾」的討論﹔以見漢畫像中西王母與蟾蜍的配置關係，及漢代西王母的神格功能與象徵。歷來研究者多由「不死藥」連結蟾蜍與月亮、乃至於西王母的關係；而西王母在漢代墓室中其執掌又與靈魂的轉化再生有關，對漢畫像西王母仙境圖中蟾蜍圖像之考察，不死，是共同的焦點。此與古代漢人生死觀、魂魄觀有密切的關係，值得進一步梳理探討。

 

The worship and belief of the Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu） have been circulated and influenced since the Han Dynasty. Since the 20th century, due to the excavation of the portraits of the Han Dynasty, the images of the Xi Wang Mu appeared in the portraits of the tombs of the Han Dynasty. These archaeological materials undoubtedly reactivated the study of the Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu）of the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty portrait stone, the image does not appear as a single main god, and its spatial context is often accompanied by different auxiliary images. This thesis mainly focuses on the West Queen Motherland of the Han Dynasty, and takes the "necessary image" the toad in the West Queen Motherland as the research object, and next to the discussion of " the toad in the moon ", to see the relationship between The Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu） and the toad in Han stone engraving, and The function and symbol of the goddess of The Queen Mother of the West. Traditional scholars have always been associated with the moon and even the Western Queen by "immortal medicine"; but the Western Queen Mother（Xi Wang Mu）is the chain of souls in the tomb of the Han Dynasty. It is a common focus on the image of the tomb in the Han Tomb. This is closely related to the ancient Han people’s outlook on life and death, and it is worth further exploration to sort out the relationship.

 
批評與課士：晚明館課評點的特色與文化意義
Authors: 連文萍 連文萍
Published: October 2021

館課評點是對館課的閱讀及寫作指導，本文討論其形式、體例、原則、目的與著錄。館課評點與晚明其他文體的評點相類，具有自由隨興的表現，也有托名作偽的問題，但因評點者署為館師、閣師，肩負教習庶吉士的權責，其評點以臺閣規模為衡量，以儒家內聖外王、經世濟民為理想，故由課士育才而針砭文體士風之衰，欲導正士習與世道，具有政治目的。惟館課評點雖具政治目的，實際則側重於文學性的鑑賞，反映館閣復古風尚，莊重平穩有餘，對庶吉士擬策施政能力的提昇相對有限。對於公眾而言，館課評點塑造著館閣「實境」的想像，足以強化舉子的應舉心態，吸引他們揣摩擬寫，以待登入館閣，獲得名公獎拔，故為應舉教育的一環，襄贊著科舉文化的源遠流長。

 

“Guanke Pingdian” is a literature genre that comprises the academicians’ commentaries and guidance on the students’ reading and writing in the Guanke courses. This paper discusses its forms, styles, principles, purposes, and problems with authorship. “Guanke Pingdian” is similar to commentaries on other literature genres in the late Ming dynasty, with a style of spontaneity and the same problem of falsified authorship in disguise of other authors’ name. However, the authors were being entitled as academicians, who were given the rights and responsibilities to teach “shujishi” who would have a chance of being promoted to become high rank officials in the government. Therefore the authors of commentaries and guidance would consider the size of existing bureaucrat and promote the Confucian ideal of “being sage inside and being kingly outside” and “to govern and benefit the people”. They were politically motivated and intended to educate the students, criticize the decline of literati ethos, and correct the scholar’s habits and manners. Nevertheless, their commentaries and guidance were focused on evaluating literary achievements, reflecting the academicians’ tendency to return to the ancients and emphasize being solemn and stable. By contrast, they were limited in enhancing the shujishi’s capacity of policy making and administration. To the public, “Guanke Pingdian” shaped the imagination about the "reality" of the Guanke academy and strengthened the students’ desire to sit for the imperial examinations, so that the students were attracted to write in a similar style to the commentaries and guidance, in the hope that they will be promoted to join the imperial academy. Therefore, “Guanke Pingdian” is part of the imperial examination, indicating the long lasting legacy of Chinese imperial examination.

 
從中國廣西東興京族語言環境的角度窺察京語的傳承方式：喃字
Authors: 阮蘇蘭 阮蘇蘭 , 阮大瞿越 阮大瞿越
Published: October 2021

京族分布於廣西東興市江平鎮，是中國的少數民族之一，其民族語言「京語」是越南語的一種方言。承受著來自漢語普通話、漢語白話方言以及通用越南語的巨大壓力，京語正處於消亡的邊緣。保護及傳承該民族語言的需求變得極為迫切，一群老一輩的京族知識份子選擇了以喃字作為傳承京語的手段。本文以2015年兩次在京族三島進行的社會語言學田野調查的考察成果為基礎，初步探索京族人之所以選擇傳承喃字作為傳承語言方式的原因，及喃字傳承方式。相比之下，漢字系統的「喃字」無法如現代越南語(或稱「國語字」)一般，能呈現京語的語音面貌，在記錄和傳承京語語言方面上並無優勢。本文認為，選擇「喃字」作為京語傳承載體是出於民族生命的考慮，強調「喃字」是和漢字一脈、京族和漢族是部分與整體的關係。

 

Jing people inhabit Jiangping town of Dongxing city district in Guangxi and constitute a national minority in China. Their language – the so-called Jing language -- is a dialect of the Vietnamese. Now the Jing language faces extinction because of the pressure from standard Mandarin, spoken dialects of Chinese, and standard Vietnamese. In order to protect and promulgate the Jing language, a group of local old intellectuals have decided to use Nôm characters as a tool of transmission of the Jing language. The present article, based on materials collected during two fieldwork trips to the “three islands area of the Jing nationality” in 2015, for the first time discusses the reasons why the Nôm characters have been chosen as the tool of language transmission as well as the ways of transmission of the Nôm characters themselves. In comparative perspective, the Nôm characters belonging to the Chinese characters system, unlike Romanization of modern Vietnamese (the so-called quốc ngữ) cannot represent the exact pronunciation of the Jing language, and therefore cannot offer advantage in the task of transmission of this language. The author argues that the choice of the Nôm characters as the tool of the Jing language transmission is caused by considerations of the survival of this ethnicity; it emphasizes original connections between Nôm and Chinese characters, as well as the status of the Jing as a part of the big Han nation.

 
宋人詠寫王荊公之主題形象與修辭探論
Authors: 鍾志偉 鍾志偉
Published: October 2021

歷代評價王荊公，兼有毀譽，尤以史傳、筆記、小說最多，建構起荊公立體形象。然而，詩歌亦屬王荊公故事詠寫系統主要體裁之一，至今無專文探討。本文借用詠史懷古詩之研究方法，觀察詩人對荊公之人物論定，回到形象聚訟之始，勾勒宋詩中之荊公形象與主體。可以發現詩中呈現宰相忠業及宋亡罪人之迥異面向。其次，歸納分析詠寫荊公之慣用素材與主題思想，如營造挽歌氛圍與世態炎涼之感慨；速寫讀書堂與嘲弄新學；關注書畫題詠與追慕風神等，最後探討宋人詠寫荊公之詩學設計，一則見詩人慣以一多對立及時空伸縮為篇章構思，有助興發感慨；二則融入荊公詩字句，翻新原典，借彼抒己。總此，讓荊公形象顯影在宋詩上，為荊公之歷史評騭提供初始依據。

 

The evaluations of past generations on Sir Wang Jing, mostly in historical biographies, jottings, and short stories, lead to both positive and negative comments and have established a three-dimensional image of Sir Jing. However, there is yet no monograph on poetry, which is also one of the important genres in the writing system of stories about Sir Wang Jing. This article attempts to explore the discussions of figures in history-themed poems and to return to the beginning of the arguments on Sir Jing’s image and depict the image of him portrayed in Song poems. First, it discovers the polarized identity, as a prime minister with loyalty or a guilty person causing the ruin of the Song dynasty. Second, it organizes and analyzes the common materials and theme thoughts in writings about Sir Jing, such as creating atmosphere of elegies around tombs and shrines and fickleness of the world, sketching the reading hall and mocking new learning, and paying attention to inscriptions of calligraphic works and paintings and admiration for the past manner. Finally, it probes into the rhetoric of Song people’s writings about Sir Jing. For example, the structure design of opposition between one and many and expansion and contraction of time-space helps to highlight the effect of sighs with emotions. To give another example, the adjusted use of the words of Sir Jing’s poems adds new meanings to their original meanings. To sum up, this article exhibits vividly on paper the Sir Jing in Song poems and provides a reference for studies on the image of Sir Wang Jing shaped by history.

 
《論語》中以「身」體德的詮釋與觀察
Authors: 陳靜容 陳靜容
Published: October 2021

儒家對於道德之意會，常常溢出於言語所能表述的範圍；道德言說，也不一定能夠準確拋擲可辨識的行動意義。在這樣的侷限中，儒學作為一門實踐哲學、生命哲學，若由文獻中抽絲剝繭，則勢必可掘發出儒家道德意義具體展示的重要媒介或管道。

本文旨在掘發《論語》中的「身體」並非僅是與「心靈」相對的「肉體」，而是活生生的、感覺靈敏的、動態的人類身體，它存在於物質空間、社會空間中，還存在於它自身感知、行動和反思的努力空間中。此「身」通過「隱蔽與感知」、「轉化」、「隱喻代言」與「展演」等四種方式，強化道德實踐之必然性；且「身」可作為「禮」的展演場域，兼容禮「意」與禮「儀」的鋪陳展示，建構「以『身』體德」的儒家道德感知模式。

 

As the third part of "A Study on the Medium of Morality in the Analects of Confucius Series", this study aims to show that although the body functions are not directly emphasized and the body is not viewed as the base of self-awakening in the Analects of Confucius, the transformation of the body’s senses, actions or experiences is employed to highlight the necessity of practicing morality. Moreover, the "body" is regarded as the display field of "propriety", involving the development and exhibition of the "meaning" and "practices" of propriety, while constructing the sensory mode of morality on "experiencing morality through the body".

 
王夫之「詩史」說析辨
Authors: 張歡歡 張歡歡
Published: October 2021

「詩史」說自唐代孟棨提出，繁衍出「敘事」、「實錄」、「忠君愛國」等內涵，多在肯定層面論說。至明清之際，王夫之的觀點頗為特出，他對「詩史」諸多內涵均加以批評，更在整體上否定此說。對抗史對詩的陵越，是船山在處理詩史關係時的根本主張，其言「詩道性情」，認為「史」不能代「詩」而言「性之情」。根本而言，王夫之出於人心危淺的儒者意識，賦予詩體以獨特意義，期望藉詩之力量導情復性，於詩之審美中尋求道德之潛力，這是他的詩歌理想；而「詩史」對此僅有破壞，而無建構，故其深惡此說。本文將分析王夫之對「詩史」部分內涵的批評，論述他於明清之際推崇「詩史」之歷史語境下的嚴峻批判態度由來，並闡述他所堅持的「詩」之獨特意義。

 

Since Meng Qi from the Tang Dynasty proposed the concept of "Shishi" (Poetry-History), multiple interpretations, most of them were on an affirmative level, had been created, such as "narrate", "record as the author has witnessed ", " loyal and patriotic " etc. By the time of late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692) ’s viewpoint stood out by criticized not only part of the interpretations but the whole concept of "Shishi". When dealing with the relation between "history" and "poetry", Wang Fuzhi’s fundamental proposition was to defy history’s violation of poetic form. Wang Fuzhi stressed that poetry should express "Xing" (human nature) and "Qing" (feelings). The history’s violation of poetic form would undermine the expression of Qing and therefore weaken the power of it, which could enhance the cultivation of people and help brace up the national power. Once the history was emphasized egregiously in poetic form, the essence of poetry would be vandalized. Essentially, Wang Fuzhi endowed the poetic form of a unique meaning due to his consciousness of Confucianism. He hoped that the power of poetry would guide Qing to Xing. This was his poetic ideal to seek moral potential in the aesthetics of poetry. Therefore, he rebelled at the concept of "Shishi" which impeded destructively. This paper analyzes Wang Fuzhi’s criticism of "Shishi", discusses the reason for his unique critical attitude amid the atmosphere of this concept during the late Ming and early Qing and explains his interpretations of poetry.

 
筆談：同文異音下的東亞文化交流
Authors: 藍日昌 藍日昌
Published: October 2021

近代所謂漢字文化圈者，意謂在東亞區域之內諸國受中國文化之影響，舉凡儒學、佛教及技術等，皆由中國而向外傳至日、韓、琉及越南等，東亞諸國的文化交流的媒介自然是以漢字為主。

東亞交流雖自六朝開始，但當時並無官方語音的觀念，因此交流之時自以當時主流發音為主，而主流發音則隨政治、經濟形勢而變。六朝時以南方吳音為主流，唐時以河洛及西北方音為主流，南宋時則以蘇杭音為主流。

書寫文字雖同，但音調則有差異，這對其他諸國而言，也是有所困擾，音調雖有變化，但書寫則不變，筆談即是東亞交流中溝通的媒介。

明太祖所建立起朝貢制度，政治及經濟來往熱絡，朝鮮作為明朝與日本的紐帶，明、朝之間的燕行使與朝、日之間的通信使，交往之時大體透過筆談溝通。甚至越南與琉球、日本交往之時亦復透過筆談溝通。

筆談之事，少見於唐宋，入明則筆談的記錄頻率轉增，然則筆談出現的頻率則證諸東亞交流的狀況及文化交流的盛景，其事雖簡，其義則甚重大。

 

The so-called Chinese cultural circle in modern times means that all countries in the East Asian region are influenced by Chinese culture, and all Confucianism, Buddhism, and technology have been spread from China to Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and Vietnam, and other countries in East Asia. The medium of cultural exchange is naturally based on Chinese characters.

Although the East Asia exchange started from the Six Dynasties, there was no concept of official speech at that time. Therefore, the main stream of pronunciation was mainly from the time when the exchange was made, and the mainstream pronunciation changed with the political and economic situation. At the time of the Six Dynasties, Wu Yin was the mainstream in the South. In the Tang Dynasty, Heluo and Northwestern were the mainstream. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Su Hang sound was the mainstream.

Although the written words are the same, but the tones are different, this is also a nuisance to other countries. Although the tone changes, the writing remains the same. The pen talk is the medium of communication in East Asian communication.

Ming Taizu established the tributary system, political and economic exchanges, North Korea as the ties between the Ming Dynasty and Japan, the Yan Dynasty between the Ming Dynasty and the DPRK to exercise communication with the DPRK and Japan, when the exchanges are generally communicated through the pen. Even when Vietnam communicates with Ryukyu and Japan, it communicates through pen talks.

The things in pen talk are rare in the Tang and Song dynasties. The frequency of writing records in Ming Ming’s writings has increased. However, the frequency of conversations in writing has confirmed the status of exchanges in East Asia and the grand scene of cultural exchanges. Although the matter is simple, its significance is very significant.

 
民間傳說與木版版畫：觀音女性化形象在越南
Authors: 阮蘇蘭 阮蘇蘭
Published: October 2021

妙善觀音傳說不僅在中國，也在越南的觀音崇拜信仰都形成女性形象的基礎。儘管佛教或崇拜觀音的信仰在十世紀之前已在越南傳播，但直到十四世紀初，這個傳說的出現才在越南得到證實。從十六世紀末到十九世紀末二十世紀初，小說、寶卷、真經等不同類型的妙善觀音傳本被越南文學接受，並翻譯成六八體喃字詩傳。這些喃字傳故事對大眾的文化和宗教生活產生深遠的影響。本論文基於漢喃資料重現妙善觀音傳說傳播的歷史過程，以分析它們對民間雕刻木版畫的影響。其中，各種妙善觀音傳說喃譯版本的民間藝術創作資料，以圖畫的方式呈現，使得版畫成為喃傳觀音故事向公眾傳播喃字故事的渠道。書籍與版畫不僅使崇拜觀音成為越南主流信仰的動力之一，也顯示本土化的女性觀音特徵。

 

The legend of Miaoshan-Guanyin constitutes the foundation of beliefs in the female form of Guanyin not only in China, but also in Vietnam. Although Buddhism and Guanyin beliefs in particular had spread in Vietnam before the 10th century, the appearance of this legend can be confirmed only at the beginning of the 14th century. From the end of the 16th century to the end of the 19th -- beginning of the 20th century, different versions of Miaoshan-Guanyin legend, such as novels (xiaoshuo), precious scrolls (baojuan), and true scriptures (zhenjing), were adapted in Vietnamese literature and translated into six-eight verse narratives. These Nôm versions have a profound impact on the cultural and religious life of the folk. This article presents the spread of the legend of Miaoshan-Guanyin in Vietnam to analyze its Nôm adaptions’s influence on the folk woodblock prints. The Nôm versions of the Miaoshan-Guanyin legend which are represented in folk woodblock prints become a channel for transmission of the story of Guanyin to the commoners. Sino-Nôm manuscripts and woodblock prints not only propagate the worship of Guanyin one of the main driving forces of Vietnam’s mainstream beliefs, but also express characteristics of the localized female form of Guanyin.

 
美人移動，江南到江戶：狩野探幽對中國仕女圖的傳移模寫
Authors: 汪一舟 汪一舟
Published: October 2021

明代中國繪畫傳至日本，成為江戶時代重要的創作素材。江戶早期狩野派畫家狩野探幽經多年蒐集和摹寫，繪製了大量以中國古畫為主的縮小摹本，稱作「探幽縮圖」。用於繪畫素材、鑑定筆記及門派傳承等，影響深遠。中國女性是其中重要題材。基於皆川三知關於「縮圖」中多於107幅「唐美人」圖的統計，本文從中日跨文化角度探討「縮圖」中國仕女圖的摹寫方法、來源和運用，並試論日本江戶時代對中國女性題材繪畫及其作偽的受容。發現「縮圖」多擅仕女畫的明代蘇州「吳門」畫家唐寅、仇英款，也有不長於仕女題材的江南名家如元代趙孟頫、趙雍，指出「蘇州片」為其重要來源。再以耕織圖、西王母圖為案例，探討了跨文化背景下中國女性圖像雜糅及重新詮釋問題。

 

"During the Ming dynasty, Chinese paintings were transmitted to Japan and became an essential visual source for Japanese paintings of the Edo period (1615-1867). Kanō Tan’yū (1602-1674), a leading artist of the early Edo Kanō School, spent his lifetime copying numerous earlier Chinese paintings, as well as some Japanese and Korean works. He left thousands of small-sized sketches, called Tan’yū Shukuzu [Tan’yū’s Small Sketches], leaving a lasting impact on the Japanese painting realm. They were made for multiple purposes, as painting models, authentication notes, teaching materials, and a symbol of a painter’s status. Sanko Minagawa’s research survey indicates the existence of more than 107 sketches of Chinese female images, as one of the major subjects, in Tan’yū Shukuzu.

 This paper focuses on Tan’yū’s copies of Chinese female-figure paintings (often called tobijinzu, “pictures of Chinese beauties,” in Japanese) that were largely overlapped with while beyond the scope of the shinü tu or meiren hua genre (paintings of beautiful ladies) in Chinese art. It discusses the reproduction mechanism of Shukuzu in comparison with the Chinese fenben practice. It also examines the attributed Chinese artists’ signatures copied by Tan’yū in Shukuzu, e.g., Qiu Ying and Tang Yin (famed for beautiful women paintings), Zhao Mengfu and Zhao Yong (no extant authentic female-figure paintings), and it identifies the late Ming Suzhou Pian workshop as an important original Chinese source. It provides a fresh angle to approach the perception of Chinese “forgery” paintings and the long-term use of Shukuzu in re-making and reinterpreting Chinese paintings in Edo Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Through two case studies from a transcultural perspective, it shows the combination of two Chinese pictorial systems, gengzhi tu (Pictures of Tilling and Weaving) and shinü tu, in a Kanō School scroll; and the transformation of the Queen Mother of the West, from a powerful female Daoist immortal signified by peaches of immortality to a secularized beautiful lady holding peach blossoms, in Kanō School paintings.

 
南洋女學的印跡：近現代畫報與雜誌中南洋知識女性圖像的意涵
Authors: 張惠思 張惠思
Published: October 2021

教育一直是南洋華人念茲在茲的民族事業，早在一九零八年即有女子學校。除了近現代南洋書籍與報刊的新聞或文化記述，上海出版的畫報雜誌亦偶見南洋知識女性圖像。這些照片提供我們回溯近現代南洋微觀卻具體的小歷史。本文因而嘗試通過近現代刊物中的南洋女子圖像，勾勒南洋知識女性的面貌以及圖像所凸顯出來的南洋知識女性教育與校園生活。這些畫報與雜誌中刊出的多為女教員與女學生身影。知識身份成為她們姿容重要的添加物，展現了知識女性新氣度、時代精神及積極展現自我的自覺。一些畫報也突出女運動員的英姿風貌，強調女性得以步入現代化的教育方式，注重女性身體健康與自我超越。此外，通過女學集體照，我們可以看見隨著時間逐漸增長的人數以及女學生大型集體活動如運動會、演劇、西式體操等，拓展女性身體的公共空間。

 

Prior to the formation of the Federation of Malaya, the Chinese community which has settled in Nanyang sees education as a very important issue. Hence in 1908, the girls’ schools were established. There are images and accounts which depict the condition of women’s education in Nanyang, either in the local news report or cultural narrative. Occasionally, there are also some photos of Nanyang female intellectuals published in Shanghai’s pictorials and magazines. This paper examines the graphics of Nanyang female in pictorials and magazines, and tries to highlight their educational environment and life in schools. These visual materials mostly feature female principals, teachers and students, which exhibit the lively character of female intellectuals. Besides that, the print media also drew attention to the heroic appearance of sportswomen, emphasized the women’s ability to integrate themselves well in the modern education system and responded with a consciousness on physical health and self-transcendence. Furthermore, group photos of their participation in gymnastics, sports competition and drama performance were also published on the pictorials and magazines. The increase of female participants in large-scale group activities as presented in this paper shows the expansion of the female public sphere in that era.

 
就不欲入，和不欲出：《莊子．人間世》倫理觀及〈齊物論〉形上依據
Authors: 潘君茂 潘君茂
Published: October 2021

《莊子．人間世》述及「就不欲入，和不欲出」一段，俱備「倫理學」的探討價值，相較於儒家的倫理觀，《莊子》於人間秩序的行為依據乃根據於其形上本體的和諧意涵，而非自經驗範疇制定一套名言體制而為人所把握，換言之，自禮樂制度的反省中，《莊子》於兩難視域中另立一套價值依據，意即藉由兩行的「為一」思想而消彌彼我成心立場，進而達致物我相諧，共成一天的存在理境。

 

In the treatise Renjianshi, Zhuangzi introduced the passage ""jiu bu-yu ru, he bu-yu chu"" (while seeking to keep near to him, do not enter into his pursuits; while cultivating a harmony of mind with him, do not show how superior you are to him) that touches upon a question interesting to examine from an ethics perspective. Compared to the general Confucianist point of view, the basis of action in the human domain as expounded in the treatise is based on metaphysical-ontological harmony and not empirically determined by a system of nominal designations subject to artificial manipulation. In other words, the treatise seems to be navigating a conundrum by creating a reflectionist value system that is separate from but also responding to the ritual-musical order. The reflectionist notion can be described as entrenched in the ""wei-yi"" (being one) concept embodied in the ""liang-hang"" (parallel ways) approach, which leads to eradication of any self-other binaries and achieves object-subject harmony. The state of being can then be understood as gong-cheng-yi-tian (joined into one heaven).

 
《徐霞客遊記》的西南書寫：以異族敘述為探論核心
Authors: 范宜如 范宜如
Published: October 2021

中國西南地域以獨特之地理位置輻輳著民族、貿易、帝國權力與異域知識等人文面向，而明代文人關於西南地域之紀遊書寫，則因應文人的書寫位置、文類特質展現其文學意蘊與文化視野。其中《徐霞客遊記》已成經典，有「徐學」之稱，值得深入追索。除了華夷對舉的批判性思考，以及文人心態的反身性理解之外，如何在史料鋪陳中發現新意，闡述文學本質及人與空間的互動，是值得關注的部分。本文以徐弘祖進入西南地域的行動探索與紀實表述為核心，聚焦於異族的文化接觸，呈現紀遊文學的情感內蘊及感覺結構，並藉此反思徐弘祖的書寫位置，審視其西南知識之構成。

 

Occupying a unique geographic position, Southwest China has witnessed frequent ethnic encounters, trade exchanges, empire power expansions, and foreign knowledge transmission. It is in this region that Ming intellectuals composed travelogues offering remarkable literary/cultural insights, and Xu Xiake youji is one such classic. In fact, such is the influence of this travelogue that a scholarly field named Xuxue has been developed for its further investigation. In addition to Han/non-Han dualistic critical considering and intellectual self-reflection, it is also significant to delve into the subtle connotations in this travelogue and how the writer depicted the literary essence along with the human-space interactions. This paper will center on Xu Hongzu’s explorations and narrations in the southwest, and shed light on Xu’s cultural contacts with non-Han people. By doing so, we can reveal the travelogue’s emotional dimensions and its structure of feelings, thus reconsidering Xu’s writing position and the make-up of his discourse of southwestern knowledge, experience, and imagination.

 
ANALIZA PREDICTIVĂ A DATELOR ÎN STRATCOM ÎN SCOPUL ANTICIPĂRII PLANURILOR STRATEGICE
Authors: Popescu Maria-Magdalena
Published: October 2021

Ideea culegerii de informații din surse deschise, umane sau din cadrul rețelelor de socializare, ca practică curentă a structurilor specializate, este frecvent dezbătută în cadrul lucrărilor de specialitate. Spre deosebire de aceasta, culegerea de date coroborate din surse și instrumente StratCom, pentru ca, ulterior, informațiile extrase să fie stocate în bazine de date și apoi, prin softuri specializate, să devoaleze, în urma proceselor de analiză predictivă, măsurile și comportamentele actorilor statali sau nonstatali aflați în analiză, a fost prima dată expusă tematic, ca teză inedită a autoarei, și a fost recent preluată de școlile doctorale pe domeniu. Prezenta lucrare aduce o formulare mai detaliată a temei, pentru consolidarea acesteia în domeniu.
AVANTAJELE UTILIZĂRII PENTATLONULUI MILITAR ÎN PREGĂTIREA PENTRU LUPTĂ A MILITARILOR
Authors: BĂIȚAN George-Florin
Published: October 2021

Mediul operațional contemporan în care militarii își desfășoară acțiunile militare este unul complex și, prin urmare, necesită parcurgerea unui program de instruire eficient, un proces de educare continuă a calităţilor fizice și a deprinderilor motrice indispensabile luptătorilor. Prin urmare, utilizarea mijloacelor specifice și asociate ale antrenamentului sportiv, particularizate potrivit conținutului specific al pentatlonului militar, devine extrem de utilă, deoarece are rolul de a îmbunătăți abilitățile militarilor și de a obține, prin intermediul lor, randamentul maxim. Încă de la începuturile sale, pentatlonul militar a fost conceput pentru a contribui la creșterea nivelului de pregătire fizică a militarilor și pentru a pune în valoare capacitatea de performanță a acestora, competiție care era în mod specific legată de abilitățile fizice, psihice, intelectuale, practice, creative și de conducere, necesare militarului pe câmpul de luptă.
IMPACTUL REGULAMENTULUI (CE) NR. 1907/2006 ASUPRA PRODUSELOR DIN ÎNZESTRAREA ARMATEI ROMÂNIEI
Authors: ZECHERU Teodora
Published: October 2021

Uniunea Europeană își propune să reducă presiunea pe resursele naturale și să creeze o creștere economică reală, în același timp prevenind pierderile în ecosistem și atingând țintele de neutralitate climatică până în anul 2050. În domeniul militar, lucrătorii sunt expuși constant unei mari varietăți de substanțe chimice, iar impactul total al acestei expuneri continue nu este cunoscut. În urma unei analize extinse a impactului Regulamentului REACH asupra domeniului apărării în țara noastră, se poate afirma că majoritatea munițiilor, echipamentelor și vehiculelor militare pentru toate categoriile de forțe necesită o reevaluare, în vederea îndeplinirii obligațiilor asumate de țara noastră la nivel european, proces amplu, care presupune atât înțelegerea fenomenelor și impactului acestora pe termen mediu și lung, stabilirea unui plan de acțiune pe tipuri de produse militare, cât și un efort financiar considerabil.
AMENAJAREA GENISTICĂ A BRIGĂZII MECANIZATE ÎN OPERAȚIA OFENSIVĂ
Authors: ȚECU Cristian
Published: October 2021

În contextul actual, când dinamica desfășurării operațiilor defensive și ofensive este accentuată, ceea ce presupune creșterea numărului de deplasări şi de manevre ale forţelor şi mijloacelor, armatele moderne atribuie armei geniu şi forțelor de geniu rolul primordial în asigurarea mobilităţii proprii şi contramobilităţii forțelor adversarului, fapt care demonstrează caracterul dinamic pronunţat al acţiunilor militare. Având în vedere condiţiile și volatilitatea mediului operațional în care forţele militare trebuie să acţioneze, sprijinul de geniu constituie un factor important în pregătirea şi desfăşurarea operaţiilor, dar și în atingerea stării finale dorite. În operaţiile ofensive, care sunt executate întrunit (joint), misiunile structurilor de geniu sprijină dezvoltarea spațiului de luptă pentru realizarea manevrei forțelor aflate la contact, dinamizează, prin mobilitate, deplasarea tactică şi asigură infrastructura necesară protecţiei forţelor proprii.
ASIGURAREA SECURITĂȚII JURIDICE ÎN CONTEXTUL EVOLUȚIEI AMENINȚĂRILOR CIBERNETICE
Authors: Manea Sorina Ana
Published: October 2021

Asigurarea securității juridice, condiție primară a statului de drept, este, astăzi, potențată de dinamica și complexitatea impactului spațiului cibernetic. Deși, în general, atunci când se discută de amenințări cibernetice, problema este abordată din perspectiva atacurilor asupra rețelelor și sistemelor informatice, amenințări complexe de natură cibernetică pot fi generate și de sistemul de drept. Captarea și prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal se desfășoară printr-un proces pe care îl numim Big data, care asigură conversia vieții cotidiene într-un flux de date. Rezultatul este un nou mod de viață socială, bazat pe urmărirea continuă și care oferă oportunități fără precedent de discriminare socială și influență comportamentală. Prin prezentul demers, încercăm să supunem dezbaterii garantarea unui climat de stabilitate, creat prin sistemul de drept, în contextul amenințărilor cibernetice.
SOMALIA – STUDIU DE CAZ PRIVIND FRAGMENTAREA UNUI STAT OMOGEN ETNIC ŞI CONFESIONAL
Authors: POPESCU Alba Iulia Catrinel
Published: October 2021

Orice curs de geopolitică internă a statului începe prin a afirma că stabilitatea internă şi integritatea teritorială sunt rezultatul interacţiunii dintre forţele secesioniste, centrifuge, şi forţele unificatoare, centripete. Acelaşi curs de geopolitică mai spune că omogenitatea etnică şi confesională se înscrie în categoria celor mai puternice forţe centripete, alături de o formă cât mai rotundă a teritoriului statal, de centralitatea capitalei, de o distribuţie uniformă a infrastructurii de transport şi comunicaţii, de o distribuţie cât mai echitabilă a bogăţiei, de o puternică idee şi voinţă naţională. Somalia este un stat omogen etnic şi confesional. Mai mult, toţi aceşti etnici nu îşi arogă o altă identitate în afara celei somaleze şi cu toţii vorbesc limba somali, limba oficială a statului, alături de arabă – limba Coranului. În Somalia nu se înregistrează uriaşa diversitate lingvistică specifică altor state africane postcoloniale, nu există diferenţe cultural-civilizaționale, nu există discrepanţe majore în privinţa dezvoltării regionale şi a distribuţiei infrastructurii de comunicaţii şi transport în teritoriu. Şi, cu toate acestea, statul somalez reprezintă expresia noţiunii de stat eşuat, răvăşit de război civil, de secesionism, de piraterie maritimă, de terorism, de criminalitate organizată şi de insecuritate. În ultimii ani, Somalia a fost plasată constant în rândul celor mai periculoase destinaţii de pe glob. În prima jumătate a anului 2021, ea se situa pe locul al şaselea în clasamentul celor mai riscante destinaţii turistice, după Afganistan, Siria, Irak, Sudanul de Sud şi Yemen[i]. Care sunt cauzele secesionismului somalez şi ale prăbuşirii statului? Şi, dacă ar fi să ierarhizăm, în funcţie de intensitatea efectului, factorii secesionişti care acţionează pe teritoriul Somaliei, care ar fi ordinea acestora?

 

[i] *** ”Most Dangerous Countries in the World”, World Population Review, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries, accesat la 11.07.2021.
Fog-based Intelligent Transportation System for Traffic Light Optimization
Authors: Ramli Muhammad Rusyadi , Sakir Riesa Krisna Astuti , Kim Dong-Seong
Published: October 2021

This paper presents fog-based intelligent transportation systems (ITS) architecture for traffic light optimization. Specifically, each intersection consists of traffic lights equipped with a fog node. The roadside unit (RSU) node is deployed to monitor the traffic condition and transmit it to the fog node. The traffic light center (TLC) is used to collect the traffic condition from the fog nodes of all intersections. In this work, two traffic light optimization problems are addressed where each problem will be processed either on fog node or TLC according to their requirements. First, the high latency for the vehicle to decide the dilemma zone is addressed. In the dilemma zone, the vehicle may hesitate whether to accelerate or decelerate that can lead to traffic accidents if the decision is not taken quickly. This first problem is processed on the fog node since it requires a real-time process to accomplish. Second, the proposed architecture aims each intersection aware of its adjacent traffic condition. Thus, the TLC is used to estimate the total incoming number of vehicles based on the gathered information from all fog nodes of each intersection. The results show that the proposed fog-based ITS architecture has better performance in terms of network latency compared to the existing solution in which relies only on TLC.
Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory based for Identification and Classification of Power System Events
Authors: Purnomo Mauridhi Hery , Mahindara Vincentius Raki , Wijanarko Rahmat Fabrianto , Gumelar Agustinus Bimo , Wijayanto Feri , Nurdiansyah Yanuar
Published: October 2021

In this present era, power system delivery has to be reliable and sustainable. The growth of demands increasing the complexity of the power system operations. An interrupted power supply must not occur for any reason. Hence, the improvement of the controller and protection devices is mandatory. One of the unnecessary interruptions in the power system is a false trip due to the incorrect setting of the protection devices. Therefore, a method to classify the symptom of the power system based on the voltage, current, and frequency measurements is required. However, since there are a ton of maneuver options and fault types, the number of data becomes complex, enormous, and irregular. This is where deep learning takes place. This paper proposed the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) combined with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) to recognize the categorize the type of events in a medium voltage power distribution network. As CNN's models are great at decreasing frequency variation, LSTM is great for temporal modeling, we take benefit of CNN's and LSTM's complementarity in this study by integrating it into a unified architecture. The simulation results indicate that CNN and LSTM can recognize the symptoms in power system operation with accuracy up to 79 % with a total epoch 350.
Custom Built of Smart Computing Platform for Supporting Optimization Methods and Artificial Intelligence Research
Authors: Sugiarto Indar , Prayogo Doddy , Palit Henry , Pasila Felix , Lim Resmana , Noertjahyana Agustinus , Widyadana I Gede , Hermawan Surya , Gumelar Agustinus Bimo , Yahya Bernardo Nugroho
Published: October 2021

This paper describes a prototype of a computing platform dedicated to artificial intelligence explorations. The platform, dubbed as PakCarik, is essentially a high throughput computing platform with GPU (graphics processing units) acceleration. PakCarik is an Indonesian acronym for Platform Komputasi Cerdas Ramah Industri Kreatif, which can be translated as “Creative Industry friendly Intelligence Computing Platform”. This platform aims to provide complete development and production environment for AI-based projects, especially to those that rely on machine learning and multiobjective optimization paradigms. The method for constructing PakCarik was based on a computer hardware assembling technique that uses commercial off-the-shelf hardware and was tested on several AI-related application scenarios. The testing methods in this experiment include: high-performance lapack (HPL) benchmarking, message passing interface (MPI) benchmarking, and TensorFlow (TF) benchmarking. From the experiment, the authors can observe that PakCarik's performance is quite similar to the commonly used cloud computing services such as Google Compute Engine and Amazon EC2, even though falls a bit behind the dedicated AI platform such as Nvidia DGX-1 used in the benchmarking experiment. Its maximum computing performance was measured at 326 Gflops. The authors conclude that PakCarik is ready to be deployed in real-world applications and it can be made even more powerful by adding more GPU cards in it.