bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaya hidup penggunaan kartu kredit masyarakat urban di Surabaya
Authors: Pramuhadi R Nurcahya
Published: August 2020

Kartu kredit merupakan salah satu pendukung dan pemicu percepatan budaya baru. Lembaga keuangan khususnya perbankan berlomba untuk memberikan berbagai fasilitas produk yang menunjang gaya hidup masyarakat modern tersebut, yaitu dengan memberikan penawaran produk kartu kredit yang didalamnya terdapat berbagai macam kemudahan serta keuntungan. Pada hakikatnya masyarakat yang memiliki kartu kredit cenderung konsumtif karena menganggap bahwa uang yang didapat adalah miliknya sendiri padahal uang tersebut merupakan titipan dari pihak bank yang mengambil keuntungan dari penggunaan kartu kredit berupa angsuran, bunga, dan administrasi lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan cara masyarakat dalam menggunakan kartu kredit yang dapat mempengaruhi pola konsumsi menjadi lebih boros demi memenuhi gaya hidup. Kaitan antara gaya hidup dan penggunaan kartu kredit terdapat pada penggunaan uang, perilaku masyarakat setelah diterbitkannya kartu kredit menjadi tidak transparan terhadap beban bunga dan cara memakai yang tidak ekonomis.
Editorial: Impact of Covid-19 on Children's Health and Development
Authors: Arief Yuni Sufyanti
Published: August 2020

Editorial: Impact of Covid-19 on Children's Health and Development
Cooperative Level among Preschooler During Intravenous Injection Procedures: An Explanative Study
Authors: Ximenes Regina Soares Da Costa , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Ulfiana Elida
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Hospitalized preschoolers have higher anxiety and fear reactions, especially given intravenous injections that are included in invasive procedures The purpose of this study is to determine the cooperative level of preschool children (4-6 years) during intravenous injection procedure.Methods: The research design used was explanative. The samples numbered 34 children aged 4-6 years who underwent treatment in Dahlia room Mgr Gabriel Manek, SVD Hospital selected by purposive sampling with the variables used namely the cooperative level of preschool children during the intravenous injection procedure. Data was collected using cooperative level observation sheets.Results: The cooperative level of preschool children during the intravenous injection procedure was in the uncooperative category of 31 children (91.1%) while the cooperative category was 3 children (8.9%).Conclusion: The cooperative level of preschool children during the intravenous injection procedure tends to be uncooperative. This is influenced by the age and development of the child and the existence of external support from parents and chaperones during the intravenous procedure. Further research can use this study as data in determining appropriate interventions to improve the cooperative attitude of preschool-aged children during intravenous injection procedures.
The Effect of Supportive Educative Nursing Program on Mother’s Knowledge and Attitude of Feeding Practice among Stunting Children Aged 6-24 Months
Authors: Suryawati Lely , Harmayetty Harmayetty , Has Eka Misbahatul Mar'ah
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Supportive educative nursing programs are interventions that can be used to increase family support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of supportive educative nursing programs on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in feeding stunting children aged 6-24 months.Methods: The research design used was quasi-experimental. The sample used was 54 respondents and divided into two groups: 27 respondents in the treatment group and 27 respondents in the control group by random sampling. The independent variable was the supportive educative nursing program intervention. The dependent variables were knowledge and attitude. The instruments used were the knowledge and attitude of the mother in feeding the stunting toddlers questionnaire—research data obtained by doing pre-test and post-test.Results: There was an effect of the supportive educative nursing program on increasing maternal knowledge in the treatment group (p = 0.000) based on the Wilcoxon test, and there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.000) based on the Mann-Whitney test. There was an effect of the supportive educative nursing program on improving maternal attitudes in the treatment group (p = 0.000) based on the Wilcoxon test, and there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.000) based on the Mann-Whitney test Conclusion: Intervention of supportive educative nursing programs has a significant influence on increasing the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in feeding stunting toddlers.
İSNEVÎ’NİN USÛL DÜŞÜNCESİNDE EMİR VE NEHİY
Authors: MOTEI YAHIA ALAZAB Laith , CİCİ Recep
Published: August 2020

Emir ve nehiy konusu, fıkıh usûlünün en önemli bahislerinden biri olarak değerlendirilir. Özellikle emir ve nehiy; sîgaları gereği anlamları, mûcebi ve emrin tekrar ifade edip etmediği hususu başta olmak üzere usûlcüler arasında ihtilaflı olan birçok meseleyi ihtiva etmektedir. Bu cümleden olmak üzere emrin fevri ve terahiyi gerektirip gerektirmediği, bir fiilin/işin haram kılındıktan sonra emredilmesinin hürmete ya da ibahaya delalet edip etmediği hususları, aynı şekilde nehyin li aynihi ve li gayrihi kısımları, fevri veya terahiyi gerektirip gerektirmediği gibi konuları da içermektedir. Bu yüzden usûlcülerin eserlerinde bu konuya çok fazla önem verdikleri görülmektedir. Hicrî sekizinci/milâdî on dördüncü yüzyılda yaşamış olan Şâfiî fakihi Abdurrahîm b. el-Hasan el-Kureşî el-İsnevî de söz konusu usûlcüler arasında yer alır. Bu çalışma, kelamcı ekole uygun olarak usûl-ı fıkıh literatürüne bir katkı olmak üzere İsnevî’nin, özellikle fıkıh usûlünün bu konusuyla ilgili izlediği yönteme ve usûle dair görüşlerine ışık tutmayı; bu meyanda onun başta Şâfiî usûlcüleri olmak üzere Hanefi, Mâlikî ve diğer fakihlere ait görüşleri değerlendirmesi ile bunların arasından yaptığı tercihleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Performansa dayalı ödeme sisteminde hekimlerin örgütsel adalet algısı (Hekimlerin ödemelere yönelik adalet algısı)
Authors: ORHANER Emine , BİRSEN Kenan , KURUMLU Yasemin
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Performansa Dayalı Ödeme Sisteminin hekimlerin örgütsel adalet algısını nasıl etkilediğini ölçmek ve sağlık standartlarının geleceğine yönelik öneriler geliştirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma, hem Sağlık Bakanlığı hem de Üniversite Hastanesini temsil eden, uzman hekim ve üzeri statüye sahip 312 geçerli katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verisi, yüz yüze anket tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Nicel veri analizinde Mann Whitney U-testi ve Kruskall Wallis H-testi, nitel veri analizinde ise Betimsel Analiz ve Sistematik Analiz uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların % 68.3’ü Sağlık Bakanlığı Hastanesi hekimi, % 65.7’si erkek, % 76.3’ü kırk yaşın üzerinde, % 46.1’i profesör ve doçent statüsünde, % 45.5’i dahili tıp branşında ve % 88.5’i günlük sekiz saatten fazla çalışanlardır. Hekimlerin Performansa Dayalı Ödeme Sistemine yönelik genel adalet algısı X̄= 2.00 ± 0.50’dir. En şiddetli adaletsizlik, kişilerarası adalet alt boyutunda izlenmiştir (X̄= 1.51). Performans ödemelerinin adilliği açısından en dezavantajlı grup, temel tıp branşlarıdır. Katılımcılar, performans ödemelerinin sağlık ekonomisini sürdürülebilirliği olmayan bir alana sürüklediğini ve mesleki saygınlığı kaybettirdiğini düşünmektedir. Sonuçlar: Hekimlerin, daha adil bir ödeme sistemine acilen ihtiyacı vardır. Yeni sistem, kolektif bir bakış açısına sahip olmalı, hekimler ve politikacılardan oluşan Üst Kurul tarafından tasarımlanmalıdır. Etik çerçevenin ideal forma taşınabilmesi için hekimlerin sabit ücretleri reel piyasa koşullarına hizalamalı ve ödemeler finansal olmayan motivasyon araçları ile desteklenmelidir.
On the Relationship between the Cosmological Background Field and the Higgs Field
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: August 2020

It is shown that the relationship between gravity and quantum physics can be described in terms of the symmetry break of space due to elementary constituents, dubbed as “darks”, which constitute a universal energetic background field that extends from the cosmological level down to the nuclear level. It requires (a) the awareness of the polarisable second elementary dipole moment of a recently discovered third Dirac particle type, next to the electron-type and the Majorana-type, and (b) the awareness that Einstein’s Lambda is not a constant of nature, but, instead, a covariant integration constant with a value that depends on the scope of the cosmological system under consideration, such as solar systems and galaxies, eventually showing up as the Cosmological Constant at the level of the universe. The relationship has been made explicit by relating the two major gravitational constants of nature (the gravitational constant and Milgrom’s acceleration constant) with the two major nuclear constants of nature (the weak interaction boson and the Higgs boson).
The ATP hypothesis discovers the missing “matchmaker” between proteins and nucleic acids
Authors: Xie Ping
Published: August 2020

A plenty of theories on the origin of genetic codes have been proposed so far, yet all ignored the energetic driving force, its relation to the biochemical system, and most importantly, the missing “matchmaker” between proteins and nucleic acids. Here, a new hypothesis is proposed, according to which ATP is at the origin of the primordial genetic code by driving the coevolution of the genetic code with the pristine biochemical system. This hypothesis aims to show how the genetic code was produced by photochemical reactions in a protocell that derived from a lipid vesicle enclosing various life’s building blocks (e.g. nucleotides and peptides). At extant cell, ATP is the only energetic product of photosynthesis, and is at the energetic heart of the biochemical systems. ATP could energetically form and elongate chains of both polynucleotides and polypeptides, thus acting a “matchmaker” between these two bio-polymers and eventually mediating precellular biochemical innovation from energy transformation to informatization. ATP was not the only one that could drive the formation of polynucleotides and polypeptides, but favored by precellular selection. The protocell innovated a photosynthesis system to produce ATP efficiently and regularly with the aids of proteins and RNA/DNA. The completion of permanently recording the genetic information by DNA marked the dawn of cellular life operated by Darwinian evolution. The ATP hypothesis supports the photochemical origin of life, shedding light on the origins of both photosynthetic and biochemical systems, which remains largely unknown thus far.
A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?
Authors: Sidhom Karim , Obi Patience O. , Saleem Ayesha
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane of the cell. Several methods have been described in literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, and cell culture media among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC), has been widely used to isolate exosomes, other techniques including ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) have emerged as credible alternatives with pros and cons associated with each. In this review, we provide a summary of commonly used exosomal isolation techniques with a focus on SEC as an ideal methodology. We evaluate the efficacy of SEC to isolate exosomes from an array of biological fluids, with a particular focus on its application to adipose tissue-derived exosomes. We argue that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise.
FIB-4 First in Diagnostic Algorithm of MAFLD at the Era of “Global Metabodemic “
Authors: Sumida Yoshio , Yoneda Masashi , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Kawanaka Miwa , Fujii Hideki , Yoneda Masato , Imajo Kento , Takahashi Hirokazu , Eguchi Yuichiro , Ono Masafumi , Nozaki Yuichi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Koseki Masahiro , Yoshida Yuichi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Kamada Yoshihiro , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide (“Globally metabodemic”). Approximately 25% of adult general population is suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which has become serious health problem. Hepatic fibrosis is the most significant determinant of all cause and liver -related mortality in NAFLD. Noninvasive test (NIT) should be urgently required to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is the 1st triaging tool for excluding advanced fibrosis because of its accuracy, simplicity, and cheapness especially for general physicians or endocrinologists, although FIB-4 index has several drawbacks. Accumulating evidence has suggested that vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test may become useful as the 2nd step after triaging by FIB-4 index. The leading cause of mortality in NAFLD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), extrahepatic malignancy, and liver-related diseases. NAFLD often complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in increased simultaneous liver kidney transplantation (SLKT). FIB-4 index could be a predictor of not only liver-related mortality and incident hepatocullar carcinoma (HCC) but also prevalent and incident CKD, CVD, and extrahepatic malignancy. Although NITs as milestones for evaluating treatment efficacy have never been established, FIB- 4 index is expected to reflect histological hepatic fibrosis after treatment in several longitudinal studies. We here review the role of FIB-4 index as 1st step NIT in management of NAFLD.
On Statistical Analysis of Brain Variability
Authors: Chén Oliver Y. , Phan Huy , Nagels Guy , de Vos Maarten
Published: August 2020

A century ago, Sir R.A. Fisher introduced for the first time the concept of variance in biological studies. In this paper, we present a few new, modified, or integrated perspectives of variance that we feel would contribute to future thinking and practice of data science. We do so by focusing on brain and behavioral data, through which we hope one could extrapolate the discussions to other fields and data. Specifically: (1) We define different types of variation. (2) We demonstrate that both classic regression models and advanced statistical methods can be viewed as variance-decomposition methods. (3) We make a distinction between innate and acquired variability, linked through Bayesian updating. (4) We review and illustrate how to extract information from high-dimensional data and how to visualize them. Additionally, we introduce the Neural Law of Large Numbers. (5) We discuss the statistical basis for association, explanation, prediction, and causation, and recommend a strategy that may be useful to check if association-based findings can be raised to causal discoveries. Taken together, to understand the variation of data, one needs creative statistical thinking. Meanwhile, by incorporating insights learned from data, one can begin to design better statistical apparatuses.
Mechanism of the Non-thermal Effect of Millimeter Wave Irradiation on Cell Growth
Authors: Barbara Ayan , Rajput Shailendra , Komoshvili Konstantin , Levitan Jacob , Yahalom Asher , Liberman- Aronov Stella
Published: August 2020

Nonionizing millimeter-waves (MMW) are reported to inhibit cell division of lung cancer cells. In this article, we present a mechanism for the effect of inhibited cell division upon 85-105 GHz MMW irradiation. Strains of cell division model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured under physiological conditions were analyzed for the effects of MMW exposure. Irradiated cells showed a reduced growth rate than that of control (sham) cells. DNA damage repair mutant (rad52) strain cells were also subjected to MMW exposure to identify the involvement of genomic alteration(s) in this process. Irradiated wild type and rad52 mutant strains showed similar colony growth profiles indicating MMW treatment does not alter genomic DNA. Further, MMW interaction with cytological water was explored as a possible mechanism of action. Cells absorbed more power as compared to plain water. MMW irradiation highly absorbed by the cytological water content likely affects proteomic changes, accounting for the observed effects of inhibited cell division. Irradiations using a standard horn antenna were compared to that of a compact waveguide for increased power which led to complete termination of cell division. Our results provide indications of the development of non-invasive nonionizing irradiation procedures to treat tumor metastasis and control microbial infections.
A Way of Marketing 3D Web in E-commerce, Applying at Car Showrooms Period of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Minh Dat Pham , Thi Hang Nguyen , Van Huan Nguyen
Published: August 2020

Marketing is one of the important stages, the decisive factor affecting the success of production and business activities of every business. Therefore, marketing is considered to be the first and most important stage in the process of introducing, bringing products to market and branding of businesses, especially in the period when the disease situation is taking place very complicated worldwide. This study provides both qualitative and quantitative results for the following research objectives. Firstly, the study will assess the situation and analyze the appropriateness of marketing models in the current market situation trend. Secondly, the study proposes an approach in building a new type of marketing model, which is 3D web-based marketing applied in e-commerce to support the modeling of enterprise products in the form of Interactive 3D products are similar to real products. Thirdly, testing and evaluating 3D e-commerce web marketing model at Truong Hai Auto Showroom, Thai Nguyen City branch. This study also proposes a number of solutions for the research and deployment of 3D web marketing model application for businesses in the current market situation.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of coumaryl 1,3-selenazoles Derivatives
Authors: Alias Nurul Zawani , Idris Muhd Hanis Md , Somat Nurhafizoh Abdul , Mahmud Norwaziah , Hasan Sharizal , Wai Lam Kok , Lazim Azwan Mat , Hassan Nurul Izzaty
Published: August 2020

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme is a known procedure to treat severe Alzheimer's disease through increasing the acetylcholine level in the brain and thus slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's symptoms. The approved medications are only considered as palliative and addressed some reported deficiencies. Therefore, the demand for safe and effective compounds is substantially increasing. A newly series of coumaryl 1,3-selenazoles derivatives was synthesized in four steps. Then, their antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS cation radical scavenging assay and cupric reducing antioxidant capacities (CUPRAC). The anticholinesterase activities were evaluated using the Ellman method. Then, the docking studies were carried out to explain the possible correlation between in vitro anticholinesterase activity results and the ligand-receptor interactions. Ten new coumaryl 1,3-selenazoles (5a-5d series and 6a-6f series) derivatives were successfully synthesized. The DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that all tested compounds have IC50 value > 200 μM, for ABTS cation radical scavenging assay the IC50 value > 1000 μM and for CUPRAC assay the IC50 value > 200 μM. Compound 5c was found to be the most active compound against AChE and BChE in its series with IC50 value for AChE is 99.76 μM and IC50 for BChE is 140.28 μM while 6b exhibited the most potent inhibition in its series with IC50 value for AChE is 56.01 μM and IC50 for BChE is 121.34 μM. Besides, the docking studies showed that compound 5c and 6b formed π-π stacking interaction with aromatic residues at the active site of AChE and BChE, which is responsible for inhibiting the enzymes. This shows that the synthesized compounds contain skeletal structures that can interact and inhibit within the enzymes active site.
What Do Parents Know About Oral Health and Care for Preschool Children in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Al-Haj Ali Sanaa , Alshabaan Sondos
Published: August 2020

Objectives: to assess the knowledge level of parents from the central region of Saudi Arabia about oral health and care of preschool children and its relation with sociodemographic variables, parents‟ self-perception toward their dental health, importance of teeth and frequency of dental visits. Methods: a random sample of 754 parents participated in this cross-sectional study and completed an internationally accepted questionnaire. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: mean knowledge score of the parents was 4.8 (out of 11). Less than 20% of the parents were knowledgeable about the best position for tooth brushing, the concentration of fluoride in a child‟s toothpaste, timing of first dental check-up, and best time to give a sugary snack. Mothers, parents with high educational level and family income, parents with positive attitude towards teeth and excellent self-perception of their dental health were significantly more likely to score higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: knowledge of parents about oral health and care of preschool children in the central region of Saudi Arabia was deficient. Gender, education level of parents, family income, attitude about teeth and self-perception of parents‟ own dental health were factors which influenced their knowledge. To improve parents‟ knowledge, role of health professionals should be improved and TV commercials directed toward the areas which had gaps in knowledge.
How Do We Monitor Oxygenation During The Management of PPHN? Alveolar, Arterial or Mixed Oxygen Tension or Peripheral Saturation?
Authors: Chandrasekharan Praveen , Rawat Munmun , Lakshminrusimha Satyan
Published: August 2020

Oxygen is a pulmonary vasodilator and plays an important role in mediating circulatory transition from fetal and postnatal period. Alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) and pulmonary arterial PO2 are the main factors that influence hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Inability to achieve adequate pulmonary vasodilation at birth leads to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Supplemental oxygen is the mainstay of PPHN management. However, optimal monitoring of oxygenation to achieve low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and optimize oxygen delivery to vital organs is not known. Noninvasive pulse oximetry measures peripheral saturations (SpO2) and ranges 91-95% are recommended during acute PPHN management. However, for a given SpO2, there is wide variability in arterial oxygen tension, especially with variations in hemoglobin type (transfusions), pH and body temperature. This review evaluates the role of alveolar, preductal, postductal, and mixed venous oxygen tension and SpO2 in the management of PPHN. Translation and clinical studies suggest maintaining an arterial oxygen tension of 50-80 mmHg to help decrease PVR and optimize pulmonary vasodilator management. Nevertheless, there are no randomized clinical trials evaluating outcomes in PPHN based on targeting SpO2 or PO2. However, most critically ill patients have umbilical arterial catheters and postductal arterial oxygenation may not be an accurate assessment of oxygen delivery to vital organs or factors influencing HPV. The mixed venous oxygen tension from umbilical venous catheter blood gas may assess pulmonary arterial PO2 and potentially predict HPV. It is crucial to conduct randomized controlled studies with different PO2/SpO2 ranges and compare outcomes in PPHN.
Colonial Life-history: A Major Evolutionary Transition, Involving Modularization of Multicellular Individuals and Heterochrony (Miniaturization and Adultation)
Authors: Gutierrez Stefania
Published: August 2020

The diversification of life-histories is mediated by cooperation, innovations of biological information, modularity, and heterochrony in developmental processes. These processes are defined, contextualized, and exemplified, studying the evolution of coloniality (i.e. life-history involving modularization of the multicellular individual) in the family of benthic tunicates Styelidae. This study proposes that in these colonial tunicates there is an inter-generational division of labor, where one generation is feeding, a second is developing by morphogenetic processes, and a third is aging by programmed cell death and phagocytosis. The communication system developed in these colonies is mediated, by changes in proportion, location, and gene expression of specialized blood cells. Colonial life-history in animals is related to the reduction of individual size; development of extra-corporeal tissues to interconnect zooids; the inter-generational division of labor; and the reduction of zooid’s individuality. Processes analogous with the widely accepted major evolutionary transitions (METs), suggesting that coloniality could be studied as a MET. The understanding of colonial life-histories could provide information about key mechanisms for life diversification.
An Operational Approach to Multi-Objective Optimization of Volt-VAr Control
Authors: Raz David , Beck Yuval
Published: August 2020

Recent research has enabled the integration of traditional Volt-VAr Control (VVC) resources, such as capacitors banks and transformer tap changers, with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as photo-voltaic sources and energy storage, in order to achieve various Volt-VAr Optimization (VVO) targets, such as Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR), minimizing VAr flow at the transformer, minimizing grid losses, minimizing asset operations and more. When more than one target function can be optimized, the question of multi-objective optimization is raised. In this work, we propose a general formulation of the multi-objective Volt-VAr optimization problem. We consider the applicability of various multi-optimization techniques and discuss the operational interpretation of these solutions. We demonstrate the methods using simulation on a test feeder.
Quantification of Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations: A Review of its Measurement and Modeling
Authors: Nair Arshad Arjunan , Yu Fangqun
Published: August 2020

Ammonia (NH3), the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere, plays a significant role in PM2.5 formation, atmospheric chemistry, and new particle formation. This paper reviews quantification of [NH3] through measurements, satellite-remote-sensing, and modeling reported in over 500 publications towards synthesizing current knowledge of [NH3], focusing on spatiotemporal variations, controlling processes, and quantification issues. Most measurements are through regional passive sampler networks. [NH3] hotspots are typically over agricultural regions like the Midwest US and North China Plain, with elevated concentrations reaching monthly averages of 20 and 74 ppbv, respectively. Topographical effects dramatically increase [NH3] over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, North India and San Joaquin Valley, US. Measurements are sparse over oceans, where [NH3] ≈ few tens of ppbv, variations of which can affect aerosol formation. Satellite-remote-sensing (AIRS, CrIS, IASI, TANSO-FTS, TES) provides global [NH3] quantification in the column and at surface since 2002. Modeling is crucial for improving understanding of NH3 chemistry and transport, its spatiotemporal variations, source apportionment, exploring physicochemical mechanisms, and predicting future scenarios. GEOS-Chem (global) and FRAME (UK) models are commonly applied for this. A synergistic approach of measurements↔satellite-inference↔modeling is needed towards improved understanding of atmospheric ammonia, of concern from the standpoint of human health and the ecosystem.
Mouse Ataxin-2 Expansion Downregulates CamKII and other Calcium Signaling Factors, Impairing Granule – Purkinje Neuron Synaptic Strength
Authors: Arsović Aleksandar , Halbach Melanie Vanessa , Canet-Pons Julia , Esen-Sehir Dilhan , Döring Claudia , Freudenberg Florian , Czechowska Nicoletta , Seidel Kay , Baader Stephan L. , Gispert Suzana , Sen Nesli-Ece , Auburger Georg
Published: August 2020

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by polyglutamine expansion in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2). This factor binds RNA/proteins to modify metabolism after stress, and to control calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis after stimuli, thus exerting crucial neuroprotection for cerebellar ataxias and corticospinal motor neuron degeneration. Our Atxn2-CAG100-Knock-In mouse faithfully models features observed in patients at pre-onset, early and terminal stages. Here, its cerebellar global RNA profiling revealed downregulation of signaling cascades to precede motor deficits. Validation work at mRNA/protein level defined alterations that were independent of constant physiological ATXN2 functions, but specific for RNA/aggregation toxicity, and progressive across the short lifespan. Earliest changes were detected at 3 months among Ca2+ channels/transporters (Itpr1, Ryr3, Atp2a2, Atp2a3, Trpc3), IP3 metabolism (Plcg1, Inpp5a, Itpka), and Ca2+-Calmodulin dependent kinases (Camk2a, Camk4). CaMKIV–Sam68 control over alternative splicing of Nrxn1, an adhesion component of glutamatergic synapses between granule and Purkinje neurons, was found affected. Systematic screening of pre/post-synapse components, with dendrite morphology assessment, suggested early impairment of CamKIIα abundance together with weakening of parallel fiber connectivity. These data reveal molecular changes due to ATXN2 pathology, impacting communication and excitability of cerebellar neurons. Discovery of such risk versus progression markers improves the assessment of pre-symptomatic treatments in SCA2 and related disorders.
Risk Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic Wildlife
Authors: Barbosa Andrés , Vansani Arvind , Morandini Virginia , Grimaldi Wray , Vanstreels Ralph E.T. , Diaz Julia I. , Boulinier Thierry , Dewar Meagan , Gonzalez-Acuña Daniel , Gray Rachel , McMahon Clive R. , Miller Gary , Power Michelle , Gamble Amandine , Wille Michelle
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly to most parts of the world, causing high numbers of deaths and significant social and economic impacts. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin and with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. Antarctica can be considered the only continent free of SARS-CoV-2 although at the end of the 2019-2020 tourist season, at least one SARS-CoV-2 positive tourist visited the Antarctic Peninsula. Therefore, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential human introduction of this virus to the continent through the activities of research or tourism with potential effects including those related to human health, but also the potential for virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife. This reverse-zoonotic transmission risk to Antarctic wildlife is assessed considering the available information on host susceptibility, dynamics of the infection in humans, and contact interactions between humans and Antarctic wildlife. Measures to reduce the risk are proposed as well as the identification of knowledge gaps related to this issue.
Epidemic Evolution: Multiple Analytical Solutions for the SIR Model
Authors: Lerche Ian
Published: August 2020

While there are many models of epidemic evolution perhaps the basis for such models finds itself in the lumped behavior expressed through the so-called SIR model (Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered) from which spring many related models. This paper discusses multiple analytic solutions to that equation including those that are available in closed analytic form and those for which at least one final integral has to be done numerically, so-called quasi-analytic solutions. The solutions are intrinsically time-dependent of course. The hope is that such an investigation will lead to a better understanding of when and how models can be of use in studying the dynamical evolution of diseases including, perhaps, the great influenza pandemic of 1918 together with later pandemics and epidemics not excluding the Covid-19 pandemic of the present day.
Extracting Reliable Twitter Data for Flood Risk Communication using Manual Assessment and Google Vision API from Text and Images
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Kar Bandana , Montiel Ishino Francisco Alejandro , Zhang Chaoyang , Williams Faustine
Published: August 2020

While Twitter has been touted to provide up-to-date information about hazard events, the reliability of tweets is still a concern. Our previous publication extracted relevant tweets containing information about the 2013 Colorado flood event and its impacts. Using the relevant tweets, this research further examined the reliability (accuracy and trueness) of the tweets by examining the text and image content and comparing them to other publicly available data sources. Both manual identification of text information and automated (Google Cloud Vision API) extraction of images were implemented to balance accurate information verification and efficient processing time. The results showed that both the text and images contained useful information about damaged/flooded roads/street networks. This information will help emergency response coordination efforts and informed allocation of resources when enough tweets contain geocoordinates or locations/venue names. This research will help identify reliable crowdsourced risk information to enable near-real time emergency response through better use of crowdsourced risk communication platforms.
Spatial Assessment of Potential Conflict of Sun Bear- Human Based on Landscape Ecology in Pasaman
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Rahman Henzulkifli , Hidayat Rizki Atthoriq , Wibisono Hariyo Tabah
Published: August 2020

The sun bear is conservation mammal in Indonesia. The ecological problems as conflict among mammals and human often happen around wildlife, the one of the case is the conflict between sun bear (helarctos malayanus) with human. In Pasaman where around the anthropogenic landscape is bounded by natural forest as sun bear habitat. In this decade, the story has recorded about ±16 incidents. The aim of this research is to geospatial modeling the area of potential conflict between sun bear- human. The method in this research is to use natural logarithmic and regression logistic. The tool is geographical information system and maximum entropy. The result of this research, there has found the distribute energy each variable landscape ecosystem. The statistical model of the potential conflict it has spread on landscape ecosystem. The average value of AUC prediction in this model is at number of 0.91. The variable contribution which affect are forest edge at number of 39.2%, the alternative food (plantation) at number of 31.4%, and forest fragmentation at number of 16.9%.
Applying the Cracking Elements Method for Analyzing the Damaging Processes of Structures with Fissures
Authors: Dong Qianqian , Wu Jie , Sun Zizheng , Yan Xiao , Zhang Yiming
Published: August 2020

In this work, the recently proposed cracking elements method (CEM) is used for simulating the damaging processes of structures with initial imperfections. CEM is built in the framework of conventional FEM which is formally like a special type of finite element. The disconnected piecewise cracks are used for representing crack paths. Taking the advantages of CEM that both the initiations and propagations of cracks can be naturally captured, we numerically study the uni-axial compression tests of specimens with multiple joints and fissures, where the cracks may propagate from the tips, or from some other unexpected positions. Though uni-axial compression tests are considered, mainly tensile damage criteria are used in the numerical model. On one hand, the results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the CEM while on the other hand, some drawbacks of the present model are demonstrated, showing the future work.
Comparison of the Bacteriology of Inverted Papilloma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Koniewska Anna , Lisowska Grażyna , Stryjewska-Makuch Grażyna , Koniewski Maciej , Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Leszczyńska Joanna , Ścierski Wojciech
Published: August 2020

(1) Background: The aetiology of inverted papilloma (IP) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the bacterial pathogenesis of IP; (2) Methods: We collected intraoperative swabs. The bacteriology of patients with IP and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was compared; (3) Results: The differences in the bacteriology of 67 IP patients and 528 CRS patients were statistically significant. The presence of Staphylococcus Koag neg. decreases the odds for IP, whereas the presence of Streptococcus increased the odds for IP. The sex of patients was not statistically significant in the prediction of IP as opposed to their age, which was an important risk factor of IP. To the best of our knowledge, to date, only one study has been published on the bacteriology in IP patients [1]; Conclusions: The bacterial inflammation is a promising new research area related to the pathogenesis of IP.
Some New Insights in to the Influence of Secular Changes in Sunspot Activity on Monsoon Rainfall Variability and Occurrences of Major Droughts in India during 650-2018 AD
Authors: S Ambily , T.E Girish , V.G Haritha , Morais.C Sunilkumar , M.S Baburaj
Published: August 2020

We have defined M cycles as modified form of Gleissberg cycles to study the quasi-periodic secular changes in sunspot activity. Using direct and proxy observations for more than 1200 years we have provided evidence for the influence of the above M cyles on the monsoon rainfall variability and occurrences of major droughts in India. The solar cycle averages of All Indian summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) and probability of observation of below or above normal AISMR is found to show correlated variations with changes in amplitude of sunspot cycles during the years 1901-2018 AD. Major droughts in India show a preference to occur during minima and declining phases of the M cycles during the years 650-2018 AD . We could generally find low probability of occurrence of droughts in India during the medieval solar maximum epoch ( 1100-1250 AD) and during most of the prolonged sunspot minima periods including the Maunder minima. The evolution of mean Indian summer monsoon rainfall during 650-1900 AD is studied using proxy data from multiple sources with maxima during the 12th century and minima during 14th and 19th centuries. The association of Indian droughts with El-Nino and the possibilities of long term prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability will be also discussed
Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery from Severe COVID-19 with High Dose Famotidine and High Dose Celecoxib Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: tomera kevin , kittah joseph
Published: August 2020

Celecoxib as adjuvant therapy has been shown in a small randomized trial for Covid-19 to prevent clinical deterioration and rapidly improve thoracic computerized axial tomography (CT-chest)1. Multiple descriptive trials of high dose famotidine (both inpatient and outpatient) have demonstrated clinical response2,3,4. We describe the rapid clinical responses after increasing the celecoxib dosage to 400mg bid with high dose famotidine 80mg qid in both a critical inpatient who on baseline required 40 liters per minute high flow nasal insufflation and an outpatient who declined admission but had critical Covid-19 biomarkers.
The Impact of Social Factors on Job Crafting: A Meta-analysis and Review
Authors: Wang Huatian , Li Peikai , Chen Shi
Published: August 2020

Despite the considerable focus on job characteristics and individual differences in job crafting research, the influence of social factors on job crafting has not been well-acknowledged. This meta-analysis estimates the associations between social factors and job crafting, and how social factors contribute to employee outcomes through their job crafting. Based on a sample of 51 empirical studies that included 54 independent effect sizes (N = 17,863), we found that social factors of positive leadership styles (e.g., empowering and transformational) and coworker support were positively related to employee job crafting. Further, our study showed that employee job crafting positively mediate the relationships between social factors and work outcomes (e.g., job performance and well-being). Our study contributes to job crafting literature by integrating social factors into the job crafting model and demonstrating that the social context of work (in particular organizational-insiders) play a crucial role in shaping employees’ job crafting behavior. We also emphasize the critical role that job crafting plays in transmitting valuable social resources into improved work outcomes. Building on our results, we provide future direction for job crafting research and discuss how our results can imply practice in terms of job crafting training.
From Nernst to Bernstein and Beyond
Authors: Delalande Bernard , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Matveev Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Man has always been interested in animal electricity, which seems to be measured in every living cell. He has been fascinated by trying to elucidate the mechanisms by which this potential is created and maintained. Biology is the science that seeks to explain this mystery. Biology is based on basic sciences such as physics or chemistry. The latter, in turn, make systematic use of mathematics to measure, evaluate and predict certain phenomena and to develop "laws" and models that are as general as possible while respecting, as closely as possible, observations and facts. The Nernst equation was one of the pillars of electrochemistry. Biology also uses this same equation as one of the indispensable bases for the computation of membrane potential. Man has established a cellular model that highlights this equation in several forms. However, we are going to show by various means that this model is inadequate or even inapplicable.
Surgeons’ Re-Operative Valve Replacement Practices with Patients with Endocarditis Due to Drug Use
Authors: Aultman Julie , Dziadkowiec Oliwier , McCallister Dianne , Firstenberg Michael
Published: August 2020

Background: This study discerns surgeons’ attitudes and practices in the determination of heart valve replacement for patients with endocarditis due to intravenous drug use (IVDU-IE). We aimed to identify factors contributing to surgeons’ decision-making process for initial and recurrent surgical heart valves, and the availability of institutional guidance. Methods: An IRB approved, anonymous mixed-methods survey instrument was designed and validated with 24 questions. Cardiothoracic surgeons in the U.S. and globally were recruited with a total of 220 enrolling in the study with 176 completing every question on the survey. Results: A cluster analysis revealed that although surgeons can be divided into sub-groups based on their previous experience with valve replacements, these groups are not perfectly homogenous, and the number of identified clusters is dependent on technique used. ANOVA analysis revealed that the variables that most clearly divided the surgeons into subgroups were, in order of importance, years of practice, number of valve replacements, and geography. Conclusions: Our analysis showed heterogeneity among cardiothoracic surgeons regarding how they make clinical decisions regarding re-operative valve replacement related to IVDU-IE Therefore, an opportunity exists for an interprofessional team to develop guidelines to decrease variability in surgical decision-making regarding valve replacement associated with IVDU-IE
A Constructivist-Based Proposal for Teaching Practices During Lock-Down
Authors: Gallardo-Alba Cristóbal , Grüning Björn , Serrano-Solano Beatriz
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 outbreaks have caused universities all across the globe to close their campuses and forced them to initiate online teaching. This article reviews the pedagogical foundations for developing effective distance education practices, starting from the assumption that promoting autonomous thinking is an essential element to guarantee full citizenship in a democracy and for moral decision making in situations of rapid change, which has become a pressing need in the current context. In addition, the main obstacles related to this new context are identified, and solutions are proposed according to the existing bibliography in learning sciences.
Peran Dakwah Dalam Mewujudkan Kesalehan Sosial Masyarakat Perkotaan
Authors: Falah Riza Zahriyal
Published: August 2020

 

Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan tentang peran dakwah dalam mewujudkan kesalehan sosial masyarakat perkotaan. Dakwah sebagai salah satu tugas umat Islam di dunia, merupakan kegiatan yang berfungsi membangun dan merubah. Membangun dalam artian membangun jiwa agar semakin saleh secara individual maupun sosial, dan merubah dalam artian memotivasi masyarakat untuk berubah dari tidak saleh menjadi saleh atau tidak seimbng antara saleh individual dan saleh sosial menjadi kesalehan yang seimbang, sehingga dari situ tercipa masyarakat khoiru ummah. Dikotomi kesalehan individual dan sosial dikalangan umat Islam masih sangat besar. Dalam masyarakat kota yang mempunyai ciri salah satunya sikap individualis, kesalehan sosial kurang mendapat perhatian. Sehingga dakwah dalam masyarakat kota, salah satu perannya adalah untuk merubah maindset bahwa kesalehan sosial itu juga penting, sebagaimana pentingnya kesalehan indivual.
Strategi Komunikasi Kesiapsiagaan Pemerintah dan Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Covid-19 di Desa Tubanan
Authors: Dita Nurrahma , Afrokhi Muhammad Khoirul
Published: August 2020

Abstrak

kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaiamana komunikasi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat Desa untuk menghadapi covid-19.   Memang saat ini penyebaran covid-19 sangatlah cepat. Pemerintah Indonesia mengatakan bahwa ini sudah menjadi bencana non-alam.jadi mau tidak mau kita harus bergerak cepat dalam memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19. Perlu adanya gotong royong dalam memutus rantai penyebarannya. Tak hanya itu pemerintah juga ikut andil dalam hal seperti ini. Pelaksanaan komunikasi organisasi sangat diperlukan untuk melancarkan tugas-tugas. Keberhasilan pemerintah desa dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya akan sangat berpengaruh pada tingkat pemerintah diatasnya dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis komunikasi organisasi pemerintahan desa dalam meningkatkan pelayanan publik di Desa Tubanan  kecamatan Kembang   Kabupaten Jepara. bahwa Komunikasi organisasi Pemerintahan Desa Tubanan dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik belum dengan baik.

Kata kunci: virus corona, strategi komunikasi, langkah-langkah mencegah