bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado y universidad en Chile: problemas de distinción en torno a su función pública
Authors:   Universidad Witten/Herdecke, Labraña Vargas Julio , Rodríguez Cisternas José ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado
Published: May 2017

En este artículo examinaremos la evolución de las normativas legales acerca de la universidad chilena, de modo de comprender la actual incertidumbre respecto a la definición de lo público en relación a estas instituciones. En primer lugar, describiremos las aproximaciones tradicionales en torno al concepto de lo público de las universidades: desde la economía neoclásica y la filosofía política y criticamos la falta de una reflexión histórica acerca de lo público. A continuación, tras examinar el debate académico sobre los atributos públicos de las universidades chilenas, analizamos la evolución de las principales normativas relacionadas con estas instituciones. Una vez descritos los distintos énfasis que el Estado ha tenido en torno al rol de estas universidades, proponemos una hipótesis interpretativa en torno a esta evolución. El artículo finaliza con un resumen, posibles líneas de investigación y recomendaciones de política pública.
Influence of adhesion on random loose packings of binary microparticle mixtures
Authors: Liu Wenwei , Chen Sheng , Li Shuiqing
Published: May 2017

Binary adhesive packings of microspheres with certain size ratios are investigated via a 3‐D discrete‐element method specially developed with adhesive contact mechanics. We found a novel phenomenon that the packing fraction of the binary adhesive mixtures decreases monotonically with the increase of the amount of small components. It was further divulged that this behavior results from the competition between a geometrical filling effect and an adhesion effect. The positive geometrical filling effect only depends on the size ratio, while a dimensionless adhesion parameter Ad is used to characterize the negative adhesion effect, which comes to its maximum at Ad ≈ 10. Structural properties, including contact network, partial coordination number, radial distribution function, and angular distribution function, are analyzed to give a better understanding of such adhesive binary packings. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4296–4306, 2017
6q25.1 (TAB2) microdeletion syndrome: Congenital heart defects and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cheng Andrew , Dinulos Mary Beth P. , Neufeld‐Kaiser Whitney , Rosenfeld Jill , Kyriss McKenna , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Risheg Hiba , Byers Peter H. , Liu Yajuan J.
Published: May 2017

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most frequent type of congenital anomaly and are often associated with genetic and chromosomal syndromes. Haploinsufficiency of TAB2 (TGF‐beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2) has been proposed to cause valvular and cardiac outflow tract structural abnormalities. In this study, we describe 13 newly identified individuals with microdeletions of chromosome 6q25.1 that involve TAB2. One of the patients in our study cohort has the smallest deletion yet reported, affecting only TAB2. These were compared to 27 other patients reported in the published literature or DECIPHER to have similar microdeletions, for a total study group of 40 patients. Our study shows that individuals with TAB2 deletions are predisposed to developing a primary cardiomyopathy with reduced systolic function, even in the absence of CHD. Our study cohort also shares a number of non‐cardiac phenotypic findings: characteristic dysmorphic facial features, intrauterine growth restriction and/or postnatal proportionate short stature, hypotonia, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, and connective tissue abnormalities. We conclude that a microdeletion of 6q25.1 that includes TAB2 causes a distinctive, multi‐systemic syndrome. The 6q25.1 microdeletion syndrome should be considered in a patient with cardiomyopathy or a CHD, especially valve and/or atrial or ventricular septal abnormalities, and with phenotypic features described in this study. We recommend that patients with a TAB2 deletion be screened longitudinally for systolic heart failure, even if an initial echocardiogram is normal.
Lysine to arginine mutagenesis of chlorotoxin enhances its cellular uptake
Authors: Ojeda Paola G. , Henriques Sónia Troeira , Pan Yijun , Nicolazzo Joseph A. , Craik David J. , Wang Conan K.
Published: May 2017

Chlorotoxin (CTX), a disulfide‐rich peptide from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, has several promising biopharmaceutical properties, including preferential affinity for certain cancer cells, high serum stability, and cell penetration. These properties underpin its potential for use as a drug design scaffold, especially for the treatment of cancer; indeed, several analogs of CTX have reached clinical trials. Here, we focus on its ability to internalize into cells—a trait associated with a privileged subclass of peptides called cell‐penetrating peptides—and whether it can be improved through conservative substitutions. Mutants of CTX were made using solid‐phase peptide synthesis and internalization into human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells was monitored by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. CTX_M1 (ie, [K15R/K23R]CTX) and CTX_M2 (ie, [K15R/K23R/Y29W]CTX) mutants showed at least a twofold improvement in uptake compared to CTX. We further showed that these mutants internalize into HeLa cells largely via an energy‐dependent mechanism. Importantly, the mutants have high stability, remaining intact in serum for over 24 h; thus, retaining the characteristic stability of their parent peptide. Overall, we have shown that simple conservative substitutions can enhance the cellular uptake of CTX, suggesting that such type of mutations might be useful for improving uptake of other peptide toxins.
Localization of nerve entry points as targets to block spasticity of the deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg
Authors: Hu Shuaiyu , Zhuo Lifan , Zhang Xiaoming , Yang Shengbo
Published: May 2017

To identify the optimal body surface puncture locations and the depths of nerve entry points (NEPs) in the deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg, 60 lower limbs of thirty adult cadavers were dissected in prone position. A curved line on the skin surface joining the lateral to the medial epicondyles of the femur was taken as a horizontal reference line (H). Another curved line joining the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral malleolus was designated the longitudinal reference line (L). Following dissection, the NEPs were labeled with barium sulfate and then subjected to spiral computed tomography scanning. The projection point of the NEP on the posterior skin surface of the leg was designated P, and the projection in the opposite direction across the transverse plane was designated P'. The intersections of P on H and L were identified as PH and PL, and their positions and the depth of the NEP on PP' were measured using the Syngo system and expressed as percentages of H, L, and PP'. The PH points of the tibial posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus muscles were located at 38.10, 46.20, and 55.21% of H, respectively. The PL points were located at 25.35, 41.30, and 45.39% of L, respectively. The depths of the NEPs were 49.11, 54.64, and 55.95% of PP', respectively. The accurate location of these NEPs should improve the efficacy and efficiency of chemical neurolysis for treating spasticity of the deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg. Clin. Anat. 30:855–860, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophilic zeolite sorbents for In‐situ water removal in high temperature processes
Authors: Ghodhbene Marwa , Bougie Francis , Fongarland Pascal , Iliuta Maria C.
Published: May 2017

An attractive approach to reduce anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be to valorize it into value‐added products (e.g. alcohols or dimethylether) by chemical recycling. However, in most of these important reactions, water is produced as a byproduct that limits CO2 conversion thermodynamically and can lead to the deactivation of catalysts. Water removal in sorption‐enhanced reaction process (SERP) would allow the overcoming of these drawbacks and several zeolites (SOD, LTA, and FAU) have been selected to assess their potential to adsorb water in‐situ at high temperatures. This work aims to study the water adsorption capacity and kinetics in a large temperature range of 25–250 °C and evaluate the potential of the selected adsorbents for in‐situ water removal in the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. For all zeolites, the water uptake showed an important decrease at higher temperatures but the capacity at 250 °C was still significant. While the poor adsorption kinetics of SOD limit its use, FAU‐13X powder gave better results than LTA‐4A, which were confirmed by a more important increase of CO concentration at the exit of the reactor for the RWGS reaction. Transient adsorption data obtained in this study were fitted by a double stretched equation and the kinetic constants were determined. These results are essential to model and design an efficient SERP process and determine the optimal reaction conditions.
Competition drives the response of soil microbial diversity to increased grazing by vertebrate herbivores
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Travers Samantha K. , Val James , Oliver Ian , Hamonts Kelly , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: May 2017

Scientists have largely neglected the effects of grazing on soil microbial communities despite their importance as drivers of ecosystem functions and services. We hypothesized that changes in soil properties resulting from grazing regulate the diversity of soil microbes by releasing/suppressing subordinate microbial taxa via competition. To test this, we examined how intensity of vertebrate herbivores influences the diversity and composition of soil bacteria and fungi at 216 soil samples from 54 sites across four microsites. Increasing grazing intensity reduced soil carbon, suppressing the dominant bacterial phylum Actinobacteria (indirectly promoting bacterial diversity) and increasing the dominant fungal phylum Ascomycetes (indirectly reducing fungal diversity). Our data provide novel evidence that grazing modulates the diversity and composition of soil microbes via increases or reductions in competition by dominant taxa. Our results suggest that grazing can potentially alter soil function by altering microbial community composition, providing a clear link between grazing management, carbon availability and ecosystem functions.
Synthesis of Complexes with Protic NH,NR‐NHC Ligands by Oxidative Addition of N‐Alkyl‐2‐iodoimidazoles to [M(PPh3)4] (M = Pd, Pt) Complexes
Authors: Jin Hanpeng , Kluth Peter , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: May 2017

The oxidative addition of N‐methyl‐2‐iodoimidazole (1) or N‐benzyl‐2‐iodoimidazole (2) to complexes [Pd(PPh3)4] or [Pt(PPh3)4] followed by the protonation of the unsubstituted imidazolato ring nitrogen atom yielded complexes trans‐[M(NH,NMe‐NHC)(PPh3)2I]PF6 (M = Pd: trans‐[3]PF6; M = Pt: trans‐[4]PF6) and trans‐[M(NH,NBz‐NHC)(PPh3)2I]PF6 (M = Pd: trans‐[5]PF6; M = Pt: trans‐[6]PF6) bearing imidazole‐derived protic NH,NR‐NHC (pNHC) ligands. In the absence of a proton source, the reaction of 1 with [Pd(PPh3)4] yielded the dinuclear dipalladium complex [7] featuring bridging imidazolato ligands metalated at the C2 ring‐carbon atom and the N3 ring‐nitrogen atom. Palladium complex trans‐[3]PF6 undergoes halogen abstraction with AgPF6 to give acetonitrile complex trans‐[Pd(NCCH3)(NH,NMe‐NHC)(PPh3)2](PF6)2 trans‐[8](PF6)2. This complex reacts further with 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), affording complex [Pd(NH,NMe‐NHC)(PPh3)(phen)](PF6)2 [9](PF6)2.
Main drivers of outcome differ between short term and long term in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A prospective study
Authors: Louvet Alexandre , Labreuche Julien , Artru Florent , Bouthors Alexis , Rolland Benjamin , Saffers Pierre , Lollivier Julien , Lemaître Elise , Dharancy Sébastien , Lassailly Guillaume , Canva‐Delcambre Valérie , Duhamel Alain , Mathurin Philippe
Published: May 2017

Understanding the mechanisms of outcome according to the time frame can help optimize the therapeutic development in severe alcoholic hepatitis. We assessed short‐term and long‐term survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis based on baseline disease severity, extent of therapeutic improvement, long‐term influence of alcohol relapse, and their interaction. Data and alcohol consumption were prospectively recorded in 398 patients treated with corticosteroids in the short term (from corticosteroid initiation to 6 months) and long term (from 6 months to maximum follow‐up time). Cumulative incidence rate of first alcohol relapse was 25.2%, 33.7%, and 35.2% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Alcohol relapse (≥30 g/day) was not associated with mortality (P = 0.24) during the short‐term period (1,606 patient‐months at risk), but the Lille (P < 0.0001) and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (P < 0.0001) scores were independent prognostic factors. In patients who were alive at 6 months (median follow‐up, 42 months; interquartile range 11‐88), corresponding to 10,413 patient‐months at risk, alcohol consumption (≥30 g/day) was associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 3.9; P < 0.0001). Additional analysis with abstinent patients as a reference showed a dose effect of alcohol on the hazard ratio of death: 2.36 (P = 0.052) for 1‐29 g/day, 3.2 (P = 0.003) for 30‐49 g/day, 3.51 (P < 0.0001) for 50‐99 g/day, and 5.61 (P < 0.0001) for ≥ 100 g/day. The baseline Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score was not predictive of long‐term outcome, while Lille score (P = 0.02) and alcohol relapse (P < 0.0001) were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion: This study shows that new therapeutic development for severe alcoholic hepatitis must target liver injury in the short term and alcohol consumption in the long term; thus, health agencies can endorse future study designs adapted to the time frame of factors influencing mortality; with this in mind, drug‐targeting mechanisms involved in liver injury should only be tested for the short‐term period. (Hepatology 2017;66:1464–1473)
Mechanism of Generation of Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: How Are They Interlinked?
Authors: Rehman Kanwal , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid
Published: May 2017

Oxidative stress has been considered as a major hallmark for the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but still it is debatable whether it is a mere aggregation of inflammatory‐induced responses or clinical entity that underlies with various pathophysiological factors. In this regard, the latest studies have shown the increasing trends for the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and development of T2DM. ROS are highly reactive species and almost all cellular components are chemically changed due to the influence of ROS that ultimately results in the production of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a major causative factor for the development of oxidative stress that leads to overt T2DM and its associated micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications. In this article, we have briefly described the role of various causative factors, transcriptional and metabolic pathways which are responsible to increase the production of oxidative stress, a most pivotal factor for the pathogenesis and development of T2DM. Therefore, we conclude that measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers may be one of the optional tool for the diagnosis and prediction of T2DM. Moreover, the key findings described in this article also provides a new conceptual framework for forthcoming investigations on the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of T2DM and drug discovery. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3577–3585, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The skeletal cell‐derived molecule sclerostin drives bone marrow adipogenesis
Authors: Fairfield Heather , Falank Carolyne , Harris Elizabeth , Demambro Victoria , McDonald Michelle , Pettitt Jessica A. , Mohanty Sindhu T. , Croucher Peter , Kramer Ina , Kneissel Michaela , Rosen Clifford J. , Reagan Michaela R.
Published: May 2017

The bone marrow niche is a dynamic and complex microenvironment that can both regulate, and be regulated by the bone matrix. Within the bone marrow (BM), mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) precursors reside in a multi‐potent state and retain the capacity to differentiate down osteoblastic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in response to numerous biochemical cues. These signals can be altered in various pathological states including, but not limited to, osteoporotic‐induced fracture, systemic adiposity, and the presence of bone‐homing cancers. Herein we provide evidence that signals from the bone matrix (osteocytes) determine marrow adiposity by regulating adipogenesis in the bone marrow. Specifically, we found that physiologically relevant levels of Sclerostin (SOST), which is a Wnt‐inhibitory molecule secreted from bone matrix‐embedded osteocytes, can induce adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells, mouse ear‐ and BM‐derived MSCs, and human BM‐derived MSCs. We demonstrate that the mechanism of SOST induction of adipogenesis is through inhibition of Wnt signaling in pre‐adipocytes. We also demonstrate that a decrease of sclerostin in vivo, via both genetic and pharmaceutical methods, significantly decreases bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) formation. Overall, this work demonstrates a direct role for SOST in regulating fate determination of BM‐adipocyte progenitors. This provides a novel mechanism for which BMAT is governed by the local bone microenvironment, which may prove relevant in the pathogenesis of certain diseases involving marrow adipose. Importantly, with anti‐sclerostin therapy at the forefront of osteoporosis treatment and a greater recognition of the role of BMAT in disease, these data are likely to have important clinical implications.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in young women: Comparison between anorexia nervosa and nonanorexic patients
Authors: Kuroiwa Maiko , Kita Keiichiro , Wakakuri Akira , Sekijima Azusa , Takibayashi Masahiro , Watanabe Fumiko , Miura Taro , Koura Tomoyuki , Yoshida Kiichiro , Yamashiro Seiji
Published: May 2017

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign, self‐limited condition that mainly affects young people. In this report, we present four cases of this uncommon condition and a review of the current literature. Two cases had no prior significant medical history: one had a history of asthma and the other underwent regular outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. The three patients who were not anorexic spontaneously improved within a few days. However, the patient with anorexia nervosa took 2 months to recover. It appears that spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an intractable complication of anorexia nervosa, and the improvement of nutritional status in the patient is essential to manage this condition.
Hepatitis B infection acquired after haematopioetic stem cell transplant through horizontal mode
Authors: Chan Martin C.W. , Cheng Frankie W.T. , Sze Kin H. , Wong Ann H. , Leung Alex W.K. , Chan Paul K.S. , Li Chi K.
Published: May 2017

A 22 month old child with thalassaemia major received unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation. She was born to mother of HBsAg carrier and received hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth and hepatitis B vaccination. She was HBsAg negative and anti‐HBs positive before transplantation. After transplant, she was taken care by her mother and found to be HBsAg positive at 2 year post‐transplant. Genotyping of the mother's and child's HBV status confirmed to be of same genotype and demonstrated horizontal transmission in post‐transplant setting. Passive immunization of HBV may be considered in early post‐transplant phase to prevent horizontal transmission of HBV, and antiviral treatment of the carer should be offered to prevent transmission of infection to immunocompromised child.
Spectral discretization of Darcy equations coupled with Stokes equations by vorticity–velocity–pressure formulations
Authors: Mabrouki Yassine , Mani Aouadi Saloua , Satouri Jamil
Published: May 2017

We propose to make the numerical analysis of a model coupling the Darcy equations in a porous medium with the Stokes equations in the cracks. The coupling is provided by a pressure continuity on the interface. We describe a discretization by spectral element methods. We derive a priori optimal error estimates and we present some numerical experiments which confirm the results of the analysis.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1628–1651, 2017
Efficient local structure‐preserving schemes for the RLW‐type equation
Authors: Cai Jiaxiang , Hong Qi
Published: May 2017

The multisymplectic schemes have been used in numerical simulations for the RLW‐type equation successfully. They well preserve the local geometric property, but not other local conservation laws. In this article, we propose three novel efficient local structure‐preserving schemes for the RLW‐type equation, which preserve the local energy exactly on any time‐space region and can produce richer information of the original problem. The schemes will be mass‐ and energy‐preserving as the equation is imposed on appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the efficiency and invariant‐preserving property of the schemes. Comparisons with the existing nonconservative schemes are made to show the behavior of the energy affects the behavior of the solution.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1678–1691, 2017
Democratisation in Britain
Authors: Garrard John
Published: May 2017

Democratisation in Britain is a novel reinterpretation of British social and political history since 1800 in light of the continuing debate about democratisation. As such, the book goes far beyond standard histories of political reform. In common with the politics in Northern Europe, North America and Australasia, Britain’s democratisation began early and in highly favourable circumstances. The process took place in stages, only half-consciously and in the context of a generally benign economic cycle. The country possessed a vibrant civil society at most levels of its adult population, along with a flexible, competitive and opportunistic set of political elites. Partly as a result, the popular expectations and demands released by democratisation were modest and untroublesome. Countries undergoing democratisation since 1918 have been far less fortunate, and the process in thereby much more difficult. Thus this book may be seen as portraying an ‘ideal type’ against which to compare and contrast these later experiences.

Democratisation in Britain combines the disciplines of political science and history, and will be of interest to scholars and students in both fields.
Clinical Assessment of Reconstruction Involving Gastric Pull‐Up Combined with Free Jejunal Graft After Total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy
Authors: Miyata Hiroshi , Sugimura Keijiro , Motoori Masaaki , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Omori Takeshi , Mun Masahiro , Ohue Masayuki , Yasui Masayoshi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Fujii Takashi , Tajima Hiroki , Kurita Tomoyuki , Yano Masahiko
Published: May 2017

Background

Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (PLE) is used as a curative treatment for synchronous laryngopharyngeal and thoracic esophageal cancer or for multiple cancers in the cervical and thoracic esophagus. Gastric pull‐up is commonly used after PLE, but postoperative complications are common. The present study evaluated these procedures in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods

Fourteen patients (7 with synchronous pharyngeal and thoracic esophageal cancer, 4 with synchronous cervical and thoracic esophageal cancer, and 3 with cervicothoracic esophageal cancer) underwent reconstructive surgery after PLE involving gastric pull‐up combined with free jejunal graft between 2004 and 2015.

Results

Esophagectomy via right thoracotomy was performed in 9 patients, and transhiatal esophagectomy was used in 5. The posterior mediastinal route was used in 13 patients, excluding one patient with early gastric cancer. Interposition of a free jejunal graft included microvascular anastomosis using two arteries and two veins in all patients. Anastomotic leakage and graft necrosis did not occur in any of the 14 patients who underwent the above surgical procedures. Tracheal ischemia close to the tracheostomy orifice occurred in 4 patients (28.6%), but none of these patients developed pneumonia. No hospital deaths were recorded.

Conclusions

The results indicate that gastric pull‐up combined with free jejunal graft is a feasible reconstructive surgery after PLE. This procedure is a promising treatment strategy for synchronous pharyngeal and thoracic esophageal cancer or multiple cancers in the cervical and thoracic esophagus. Larger series are needed to show the distinct advantages of this procedure in comparison with conventional methods of reconstruction after PLE.
Exploring features and opportunities of rapid-growth wine firms in Chile
Authors: Román Jorge J. , Cancino Christian A. , Gallizo José L.
Published: May 2017

While much has been studied regarding the wine industry in Spain and France, little has been studied in developing countries. The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of dynamic wine firms in Chile. This paper presents qualitative research and reports six cases of wine companies, where several variables are analyzed according to Barringer, Jones and Neubaum framework. These variables include prior experience, founders’ knowledge regarding large company management, the use of strategic-planning systems and the use of new technology in the majority of its production. The results of this research could prove insightful for wine entrepreneurs looking to enhance their growth, based on greater differentiation and innovation, and not only on being competitive in pricing.
Some reflections on Stoker William Lashly, A.M., R.N. on the 150th anniversary of his birth
Authors: Skinner George David
Published: May 2017

On the 150th anniversary of the birth of William Lashly, this paper explores what may be deduced about this stoker, who accompanied Scott on both his expeditions, from archived unpublished correspondence and artefacts. It draws particularly on letters he wrote to Reginald Skelton and Robert Gibbings and concludes that Lashly, in addition to being a physically strong member of Scott's teams, was also a thoughtful and perceptive man with the ability to report and reflect beyond what might have been expected of someone of his background and education. Though modest, Lashly was proud of what the he and his colleagues had achieved and remained an enthusiast for Antarctic matters all his life.
Healthy cooking classes at a children’s cancer hospital and patient/survivor summer camps: initial reactions and feasibility
Authors: Raber Margaret , Crawford Karla , Chandra Joya
Published: May 2017

Objective

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have been shown to practise suboptimal dietary intake and may benefit from nutrition interventions during and after treatment. Cooking classes have become popular for encouraging healthy eating behaviours in community-based programming and academic research; however, literature on teaching cooking classes in CCS is limited. The purpose of the present study was to address the development and implementation of classes for CCS based on a recently developed framework of healthy cooking behaviour.

Design

A conceptual framework was developed from a systematic literature review and used to guide healthy cooking classes for CCS in different settings.

Setting

One paediatric cancer hospital inpatient unit, one paediatric cancer in-hospital camp programme and two off-site paediatric cancer summer camp programmes.

Subjects

One hundred and eighty-nine CCS of varying ages and thirteen parents of CCS.

Results

Seventeen classes were taught at camps and seven classes in the hospital inpatient unit. Healthy cooking classes based on the conceptual framework are feasible and were well received by CCS.

Conclusions

Cooking classes for CCS, both at the hospital and at camp, reinforced the principles of the conceptual framework. Future trials should assess the dietary and anthropometric impact of evidence-based healthy cooking classes in CCS.
Pediatric Psychologists’ Role in Faculty Development
Authors: Ward Wendy L.
Published: May 2017

Faculty development is a process by which faculty are provided with learning opportunities to systematically improve their skills. Faculty development programs offer learning activities which target the development of (a) clinical skills, (b) educational skills, (c) research skills, (d) mentoring/strategic career planning, (e) leadership skills, and (f) personal and professional wellness. Psychologists possess a diverse range of skills that effectively prepare them for faculty development roles as speakers/facilitators, program directors, and program evaluators. This article reviews these diverse skills as well as key steps psychologists can take that highlight the value in faculty development programming and the skill set psychologists possess which fosters career development in this area.
What makes a lipase a valuable acyltransferase in water abundant medium?
Authors: Subileau M. , Jan A. H. , Drone J. , Rutyna C. , Perrier V. , Dubreucq E.
Published: May 2017

The necessity to develop more eco-friendly processes in oleochemistry has recently led to a renewed consideration of lipases exhibiting high acyltransferase activity in hydrated media.
Facile colorimetric assay for trinitrotoluene based on the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yan , He Yi , Peng Rufang , Chu Shijin
Published: May 2017

In this study, a facile colorimetric assay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solution is developed based on the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of cysteine protected molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (Cys-MoS2 NSs).
A sensitive and selective electrochemical nitrite sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine-supported Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Song Xueying , Gao Li , Li Yamin , Mao Liqun , Yang Jing-He
Published: May 2017

Cobalt phthalocyanine supported palladium nanoparticle composite materials have been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode to fabricate a sensitive and selective electrochemical nitrite sensor.
Sequential incorporation of metallic cations (Cd2+ and Hg2+) and N-octylamine into titanium phosphate nanoparticles and their subsequent release in acid media
Authors: Carrasco-Rodríguez Javier , Martín-Yerga Daniel , Garrido Leoncio , Costa-García Agustín , García Alonso Francisco J.
Published: May 2017

The study of cation exchange and incorporation of amines into titanium phosphate nanoparticles show their promising features for electrochemical biosensing.
Fabrication of SERS substrates containing dense “hot spots” by assembling star-shaped nanoparticles on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Tan Lianqiao , Liu Chang , Wang Ying , Sun Jie , Dong Jian , Qian Weiping
Published: May 2017

In this work, efficient SERS substrates containing dense hot spots were fabricated by assembling AuNS@Ag on SMCSL superhydrophobic platforms, based on an evaporation assembly technique.
Facile green synthesis of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers using aldol polycondensation
Authors: Zhang Guobing , Dai Yanrong , Liu Yu , Liu Jiaqing , Lu Hongbo , Qiu Longzhen , Cho Kilwon
Published: May 2017

A green and efficient synthetic protocol suitable for the preparation of isoindigo-based polymer was developed using aldol polymerization.
Thermal stability and enhanced thermoelectric properties of the tetragonal tungsten bronzes Nb8−xW9+xO47(0 < x < 5)
Authors: Cerretti G. , Schrade M. , Song X. , Balke B. , Lu H. , Weidner T. , Lieberwirth I. , Panthöfer M. , Norby T. , Tremel W.
Published: May 2017

Engineering of nanoscaled structures allows to control the electrical and thermal transport in solids for thermoelectric applications where a combination of low thermal conductivity and low electrical resistivity is required.
Aza-BODIPY dyes with heterocyclic substituents and their derivatives bearing a cyanide co-ligand: NIR donor materials for vacuum-processed solar cells
Authors: Li Tian-yi , Meyer Toni , Meerheim Rico , Höppner Marco , Körner Christian , Vandewal Koen , Zeika Olaf , Leo Karl
Published: May 2017

Aza-BODIPY dyes with heterocyclic substituents and their derivatives with an asymmetric BF(CN) moiety were synthesized via a modified route using organolithium reagents. As strong NIR absorbers, the vacuum processed BHJ solar cell with an aza-BODIPY donor and a C60 acceptor achieved a PCE of 3%.
Biocompatible, degradable thermoplastic polyurethane based on polycaprolactone-block-polytetrahydrofuran-block-polycaprolactone copolymers for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Mi Hao-Yang , Jing Xin , Napiwocki Brett N. , Hagerty Breanna S. , Chen Guojun , Turng Lih-Sheng
Published: May 2017

A biodegradable elastomer has been synthesized and fabricated into scaffolds for soft tissue engineering applications.
Importance of zwitterionic incorporation into polymethacrylate-based hydrogels for simultaneously improving optical transparency, oxygen permeability, and antifouling properties
Authors: Wu Jiang , He Chaochao , He Huacheng , Cheng Chaoqun , Zhu Junyi , Xiao Zecong , Zhang Hongyu , Li Xiaokun , Zheng Jie , Xiao Jian
Published: May 2017

The introduction of zwitterionic SBMA into HEMA hydrogels enables to improve optical transparency, oxygen permeability, and antifouling property for contact lenses-based ophthalmic applications.
NIR mechanochromic behaviours of a tetracyanoethylene-bridged hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene dimer and trimer through dissociation of C–C bonds
Authors: Oda Kazuma , Hiroto Satoru , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: May 2017

Tetracyanoethylene-bridged hexabenzocoronene oligomers exhibit NIR mechanochromic behaviour through generation of persistent organic radicals by mechanical stimuli.
Initial Assessment and Implications for Surgery: The Missed Diagnosis of Irreducible Knee Dislocation
Authors: Xu Honggang , Tu Jun , Xu Bin , Guo Ruipeng
Published: May 2017

Irreducible knee dislocation is a rare but devastating orthopedic emergency. Limited discussion about its characteristics has been undertaken due to its low incidence. The purpose of this study was to present a series of irreducible dislocated knees and cumulatively reviewed all existing publications in this filed. A retrospective case series study was undertaken in patients with irreducible knee dislocation. Patients' data were carefully collected and presented. Historical cases of irreducible knee dislocation in published papers were reviewed, and their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were summarized. Six patients with six irreducible knee dislocations were enrolled with an average age of 51.2 ± 9.7 years. Patterns of injuries were classified into KD-III M (three cases), KD-IV (two cases), and KD-V (one case). Dimple sign was presented in all cases on both physical examination and MRI. All patients received single-stage arthrotomy together with cruciate ligament reconstruction acutely. In cumulative literature review, 34 papers with 45 irreducible knee dislocations were included. KD-III M was the most familiar type of ligamentous injury (75.0%). Dimple sign was recorded in 83.7% occasions and the most frequent two trapped structures were medial retinaculum (31.8%) and MCL (43.1%). Open reduction was conducted in all cases to reduce the knee, and the prognosis of 88.0% cases was considered to be acceptable after different staged surgery. The “dimple” sign is pathognomonic but not necessary for diagnosis of irreducible knee dislocations. The general consensus for treatment is immediate neurovascular status assessment and acute open reduction.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Occult Blood Loss, Blood Transfusion, and Improves Recovery of Knee Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Huang Xiujun , Liu Ruizhong , Liu Wei
Published: May 2017

This study intends to explore the effects of tranexamic acid (TA) on occult blood loss, blood transfusion, and recovery of knee function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). From October 2013 to April 2015, 224 patients undergoing TKA were enrolled in this study. These patients were randomly assigned into the control group (intravenous infusion of normal saline), 10 mg/kg TA group (intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg TA) and 15 mg/kg TA group (intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg TA). Compared with the control group, the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups were lower in postoperative blood loss, occult blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and volume. In comparison to the control group, hemoglobin levels were lower and the number of red blood cells was higher at 7 days after surgery in the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups. Higher fibrinogen levels and lower prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer levels, thrombin time, lower the visual analog scale/score, and circumference diameter of knee joint were observed in the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups compared with the control group at 7 and 14 days after surgery. At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the knee joint range of motion scores, Hospital for Special Surgery scores, and Knee Society Score were increased in 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups in comparison to the control group. TA could reduce occult blood loss and blood transfusion rate and improve recovery of knee function in patients undergoing TKA.
Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: Why so many materials exhibit “ferroelectricity” on the nanoscale
Authors: Vasudevan Rama K. , Balke Nina , Maksymovych Peter , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: May 2017

Ferroelectric materials have remained one of the major focal points of condensed matter physics and materials science for over 50 years. In the last 20 years, the development of voltage-modulated scanning probe microscopy techniques, exemplified by Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and associated time- and voltage spectroscopies, opened a pathway to explore these materials on a single-digit nanometer level. Consequently, domain structures and walls and polarization dynamics can now be imaged in real space. More generally, PFM has allowed studying electromechanical coupling in a broad variety of materials ranging from ionics to biological systems. It can also be anticipated that the recent Nobel prize [“The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,” http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/ (Nobel Media, 2016)] in molecular electromechanical machines will result in rapid growth in interest in PFM as a method to probe their behavior on single device and device assembly levels. However, the broad introduction of PFM also resulted in a growing number of reports on the nearly ubiquitous presence of ferroelectric-like phenomena including remnant polar states and electromechanical hysteresis loops in materials which are non-ferroelectric in the bulk or in cases where size effects are expected to suppress ferroelectricity. While in certain cases plausible physical mechanisms can be suggested, there is remarkable similarity in observed behaviors, irrespective of the materials system. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of PFM, briefly discuss the features of ferroelectric surfaces salient to PFM imaging and spectroscopy, and summarize existing reports on ferroelectric-like responses in non-classical ferroelectric materials. We further discuss possible mechanisms behind observed behaviors and possible experimental strategies for their identification.
Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of stilbene and phenanthrene: Excited-state analysis and comparison with ethylene and toluene
Authors: de Wergifosse Marc , Elles Christopher G. , Krylov Anna I.
Published: May 2017

Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of several prototypical molecules (ethylene, toluene, trans- and cis-stilbene, and phenanthrene) are computed using the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method with single and double substitutions. The states giving rise to the largest 2PA cross sections are analyzed in terms of their orbital character and symmetry-based selection rules. The brightest 2PA transitions correspond to Rydberg-like states from fully symmetric irreducible representations. Symmetry selection rules dictate that totally symmetric transitions typically have the largest 2PA cross sections for an orientationally averaged sample when there is no resonance enhancement via one-photon accessible intermediate states. Transition dipole arguments suggest that the strongest transitions also involve the most delocalized orbitals, including Rydberg states, for which the relative transition intensities can be rationalized in terms of atomic selection rules. Analysis of the 2PA transitions provides a foundation for predicting relative 2PA cross sections of conjugated molecules based on simple symmetry and molecular orbital arguments.
Borel functional calculus for quaternionic normal operators
Authors: Ramesh G. , Santhosh Kumar P.
Published: May 2017

In this article, we give an approach to Borel functional calculus for quaternionic normal operators, which are not necessarily bounded. First, we establish the definition of functional calculus for a subclass of quaternion valued Borel functions, and then we extend the same to the class of quaternion valued Borel functions as well as L∞-functions. We also prove spectral mapping theorem as a consequence.
A second order thermodynamic perturbation theory for hydrogen bond cooperativity in water
Authors: Marshall Bennett D.
Published: May 2017

It has been extensively demonstrated through first principles quantum mechanics calculations that water exhibits strong hydrogen bond cooperativity. Equations of state developed from statistical mechanics typically assume pairwise additivity, meaning they cannot account for these 3-body and higher cooperative effects. In this paper, we extend a second order thermodynamic perturbation theory to correct for hydrogen bond cooperativity in 4 site water. We demonstrate that the theory predicts hydrogen bonding structure consistent spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, and molecular simulation data. Finally, we implement the approach into a general equation of state for water.
The calculations of thermophysical properties of molybdenum plasma
Authors: Apfelbaum E. M.
Published: May 2017

The thermophysical properties (pressure, internal energy, conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermal power) of molybdenum plasma at temperatures 10–60 kK and densities less than 2 g/cm3 have been calculated. The corresponding model has been developed on the basis of the chemical approach and relaxation time approximation. The approximations used in our model are valid under these conditions. A comparison with available experimental data on conductivity has shown good agreement in this area.
Thickness-dependent carrier mobility of ambipolar MoTe2: Interplay between interface trap and Coulomb scattering
Authors: Ji Hyunjin , Lee Gwanmu , Joo Min-Kyu , Yun Yoojoo , Yi Hojoon , Park Ji-Hoon , Suh Dongseok , Lim Seong Chu
Published: May 2017

The correlation between the channel thickness and the carrier mobility is investigated by conducting static and low frequency (LF) noise characterization for ambipolar carriers in multilayer MoTe2 transistors. For channel thicknesses in the range of 5–15 nm, both the low-field carrier mobility and the Coulomb-scattering-limited carrier mobility (μC) are maximal at a thickness of ∼10 nm. For LF noise, the interplay of interface trap density (NST), which was minimal at ∼10 nm, and the interfacial Coulomb scattering parameter (αSC), which decreased up to 10 nm and saturated above 10 nm, explained the mobility (μC) peaked near 10 nm by the carrier fluctuation and charge distribution.
Radar reveals new hot spots on Enceladus
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: May 2017

A snippet of data has important implications for figuring out the moon’s structure.
Photonic doping tunes transparent media
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: May 2017

When a material’s index of refraction is zero, strange things happen to an electromagnetic wave passing through it.
The power of imaging with phase, not power
Authors: Popescu Gabriel
Published: May 2017

Combining the principles of interferometry, holography, and microscopy, quantitative phase imaging has emerged as a unique tool for live-cell and tissue imaging.
The past and future of physics education reform
Authors: Otero Valerie K. , Meltzer David E.
Published: May 2017

The Every Student Succeeds Act, passed in 2015, harbors both threats and opportunities for physics education in the US.
Gathering the human stories of science
Authors: Good Gregory A.
Published: May 2017

There is much more to science than appears in refereed journals and textbooks. Oral history preserves the backstories.
Overexpressing OsMAPK12-1 inhibits plant growth and enhances resistance to bacterial disease in rice
Authors: Xiao Xiaorong , Tang Zhijuan , Li Xiuqiong , Hong Yuhui , Li Boling , Xiao Wenfang , Gao Zhiliang , Lin Daozhe , Li Chunxia , Luo Lijuan , Niu Xiaolei , He Chaozu , Chen Yinhua
Published: May 2017

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant abiotic stresses signalling pathway and plant–pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of MAPKs in modulating plant growth and pathogen resistance. In this study, we found that OsMAPK12–1, an alternatively spliced form of BWMK1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), was induced by various elicitors, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin and bacterial pathogens. To further investigate the involvement of OsMAPK12–1 in plant growth and stress responses to bacterial pathogens, we constructed OsMAPK12–1 overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) transgenic rice lines. Interestingly, overexpressing OsMAP12–1 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, the OsMAP12-1-overexpression lines displayed enhanced disease resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola RS105, whereas the OsMAPK12-1-RNAi lines were more susceptible to these pathogens than wild type. These results suggest that OsMAPK12-1 plays a negative role in plant growth and positively modulates disease resistance against bacterial blight and streak in rice.
Against the odds of unusual mtDNA inheritance, introgressive hybridisation and phenotypic plasticity: systematic revision of Korean freshwater gastropods (Semisulcospiridae, Cerithioidea)
Authors: Köhler Frank
Published: May 2017

The systematics of Semisulcospiridae in Korea is critically revised by means of comparative anatomy, including comprehensive review of type material and mitochondrial phylogenetics (sequences of COI and 16S). The family is represented by two genera with different reproductive modes: Semisulcospira Boettger, 1886 is viviparous and contains three species (S. coreana (Martens, 1886), S. gottschei (Martens, 1886) and S. forticosta (Martens, 1886)) while Koreoleptoxis Burch & Jung, 1988 is oviparous and also contains three species (K. globus (Martens, 1886), K. nodifila (Martens, 1886), K. tegulata (Martens, 1894)). Koreanomelania Burch & Jung, 1988 is synonymised with Koreoleptoxis. Species can be distinguished by differences in shell shape and sculpture. They form well-differentiated clusters in the mitochondrial phylogeny, consistently revealing lower intraspecific than interspecific genetic distances. Sequences of Japanese Semisulcospira species fall into three distinct major clades (A–C), rendering Semisulcospira non-monophyletic in the mitochondrial tree. Only a small number of Japanese samples were closely related to the Korean clade (Clade C). The numerically predominant Japanese mitochondrial Clade B exhibited increased lineage divergence and, when translated into amino acids, significantly more amino acid substitutions in comparison with Korean species. I conclude that these Japanese sequences may be paralogous and/or may undergo non-neutral evolution. Hence, they are not suitable for inferring phylogenetic relationships.