bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking the Pulse of POCUS: The State of Point-of-Care Ultrasound at a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gutierrez Peter , Berkowitz Tal , Shah Lekha , Cohen Stephanie G.
Published: December 2021

We aim to quantify and categorize point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) usage by pediatric practitioners and trainees at our tertiary care center, and assess the degree of interest from pediatric residents, fellows, and program leaders for integrating POCUS into their training. Data was collected via online survey, evaluating the current use of POCUS in clinical decision making, desire for further formal training, and opinions on the importance of POCUS to future clinical practice. In total, 14 program directors/assistant program directors (PD/APDs) representing 10 of 15 training programs, 30 of 95 fellows representing 9 of 15 fellowships, and 32 of 82 residents responded. From PD/APDs, only 2 of the programs reported active use POCUS for clinical decision making, but 13 of the fellows and 9 residents reported doing so. In regard to desire for a formal POCUS program, 30.8% of PD/APDs, 43.8% of fellows without current curricula, and 87.5% of residents were interested in participating in such a program. When considering specialty, some non-acute care-based PD/APDs and fellows at our institution felt that POCUS was important to future practice. Pediatric subspecialty PD/APDs and their fellows had divergent outlooks on the importance of POCUS in future practice. Finally, an overwhelming majority of residents at our institution expressed a desire to learn, and half believing it will be important to future practice. Based on the degree of interest, medicolegal considerations, and trajectory of patient care, pediatric residency and fellowship programs should strongly consider integrating POCUS education into their curricula.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training and Credentialing for mid-late Career Emergency Physicians: Is it worth it?
Authors: Smalley Courtney , Simon Erin , Muir McKinsey , Delgado Fernando , Fertel Baruch
Published: December 2021

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming more prevalent in community emergency medicine (EM) practice with the current American College of Emergency Physician guidelines recommending POCUS training for all graduates from United States based residency programs as well as support for POCUS privileging by the American Medical Association. However, in a recent survey of nonacademic EDs, it was found that most providers lack US training, credentialing, and quality assurance (QA) assessments of their POCUS studies. In 2017, our healthcare system embarked on a system-wide credentialing process for POCUS to credential community physicians with little to no POCUS training.
What Sparkles Does Not Always Shine
Authors: Topp Simon
Published: December 2021

This paper is an ethnographic and sociological study of the neighborhood of Runnymede-Bloor West Village, identifying trends and drawing conclusions based on statistical data, academic theory, and notes taken during research trips. It is also worth noting that this study was conducted in January of 2020 before the Global pandemic was declared. Focusing on gentrification, segregation, and inequality, I identify that this neighborhood is part of a growing trend in Toronto of the increasing severity of all three of these issues. Runnymede-Bloor West Village is quickly becoming one of Toronto’s wealthiest neighborhoods, with the average household income increasing substantially. While this will certainly make real estate agents happy and will probably provide the city with more property tax, it also has the effect of pushing less affluent people out, as increasing living costs make their continued residence in Runnymede-Bloor West Village unaffordable. It also influences the local businesses, as businesses that do not cater to the new influx of affluent residents go out of business, either because their customer base has left or because they can no longer afford to pay their rent. I also identify the increased segregation of the neighborhood, as the racialized character of income inequality in Toronto results in people of color being priced out. Finally, I recommend that the solution to much of this increased inequality is the building of more affordable housing and restrictions of the building of unaffordable housing. Much of this will require the actions of a progressive, engaged local government. Hopefully, these steps will be able to halt or even reverse the trend of an ever-increasing cost of living, provide the local businesses with customers who do not have to spend most of their income on housing costs, and provide a short term solution to the issue of income and ethnicity-based segregation in Toronto.
we're all in this together
Authors: Rykov María Helena
Published: December 2021

Poem Statement
Job loss. Fear. Long line-ups. Supply chain disruptions. Empty store shelves. Transmission uncertainties. To mask or not to mask? Social isolation. Anxiety. Zoom-class teaching and learning. Parodying Cat Stevens, the first pandemic wave cut deepest.
Constructed from found text in newspapers and City of Toronto press releases, this poem combines literary devices in ironic juxtaposition. The centred text content pulls out meanings and incongruities in relation to the text below. Even the text shading and font size communicates disparity: the centred darker, larger text imposes upon and partially obliterates the lighter, smaller text on which it rests.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights all-too-familiar inequities and disparities in the social fabric. We all suffer during this global health crisis, but some among us needlessly suffer more than others. We are not all in this together. Rather, we sail the same sea in different boats.
Hemşire çizelgeleme problemi ve bir sağlık kuruluşunda uygulama
Authors: ARSLAN Merve , ÖZCAN Burcu
Published: December 2021

Sağlık kuruluşlarında görev yapan kişiler ağır, yorucu çalışma koşullarında çalışmaktadırlar. Günümüzde pandeminin etkisi ile çalışma şartları daha da zorlaşmıştır. Bu sebeple çalışanların istek, önerileri dikkate alınarak ve yasal koşullar sağlanarak verimli çalışma planları oluşturulması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma planları gerçekleştirilirken sağlık hizmetinin gecikmeye uğramaması gerekmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma bir sağlık kuruluşunun filyasyon ekibinde çalışan hemşirelere uygulanmıştır. Yasal kısıtlar, çalışanların memnuniyeti, çalışan istek ve önerileri göz önünde bulundurularak aylık olarak bir nöbet çizelgesi oluşturulmak istenmektedir. Optimum bir çalışma çizelgesi oluşturulması için hedef programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu oluşturulan matematiksel model ile hemşirelerin çalışma zamanları eşit, dengeli ve adil olacak şekilde atama yapılması amaç olarak belirlenmiştir. Oluşturulan matematiksel model GAMS 33.2.0 paket programının CPLEX çözücüsü ile çözülüp bir aylık optimum hemşire nöbet çizelgesi oluşturulmuştur. Bu nöbet çizelgesinde yasal koşullar, hemşirelerin istek ve önerilerine dikkat edilerek oluşturulmuştur. Böylece nöbet ve izin günlerinin eşit, adil olması sağlamıştır.
Administración y gestión de un sistema de calidad
Authors: Santamaría Dopena Alberto Ignacio
Published: December 2021

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Efeito comportamental em modelos experimentais de depressão por microinjeções do peptídeo liberador de gastrina via intra nucleus accumbens
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo de , Henna Neto Jorge , Silva Eduardo Ernani Piazza da
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O Transtorno Depressivo Maior é uma condição médica comum na população, que pode atingir não somente a capacidade mental, mas também a capacidade física, causando inclusive incapacidade laboral. A sua causa ainda permanece desconhecida, apesar de algumas teorias terem ganhado espaço, como as hipóteses da neurogênese e da neuroplasticidade, que surgiram num contexto onde a clássica hipótese das monoaminas já não explica todos os casos. Nesse contexto, uma forte associação entre a hiperatividade do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal, bem como dos hormônios do trato gastrointestinal, foram destacados em estudos, levantando a hipótese de a depressão ter fatores metabólicos associados, levando inclusive a caracterização de doença metabólica segundo alguns autores. Objetivos: Desta forma, o presente estudo busca analisar o feito comportamental do hormônio do trato gastrointestinal GRP tendo em vista as evidências presentes sobre a possível relação deste com a fisiopatologia da depressão. Método: Foram selecionados 20 camundongos Swiss para realização do procedimento da derrota social, análise com teste do nado forçado e intervenção com Fluoxetina no controle e GRP no experimental. Resultados: O estresse de derrota social aumentou o tempo de imobilidade no teste do nado forçado em 13 segundos nos camundongos submissos, a injeção de GRP reduziu o tempo de imobilidade com uma diferença de 78 segundos para o grupo controle tratado com Fluoxetina. Conclusão: Assim, o GRP, comparado aos outros hormônios estudados na depressão apresentou efeito positivo no quadro depressivo e possível terapia para seu tratamento.
MICROBE PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF DEEP NECK ABSCESS PATIENTS IN ATMA JAYA HOSPITAL
Authors: Hartedja Kendrick Klaudius , Yue Ricky , Moehario Lucky H.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Deep neck abscess is a pus accumulation in the space and tissue of the cervical fascia caused by an infection and has the potential for several complications. Appropriate use of antibiotics can prevent these complications, but long culture time has been a main concern. Diabetes and oral hygiene are identified as commonly found risk factors for deep neck abscess. This study aims to analyze patients’ characteristics and the usage of antibiotics in treating deep neck abscess patients in Atma Jaya Hospital as well as assessing the effect of diabetes and oral hygiene as the causes for deep neck abscess.

Methods: This was a cohort retrospective, descriptive analytic study. The samples were from 23 deep neck abscess patients undergoing treatment in Atma Jaya Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to determine the significance effect of diabetes and higiene oral in relation to deep neck abscess.

Results: There were more male patients than female patients with age range 20-30 years old. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common bacteria causing deep neck abscesses. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the most widely used antibiotics and it had shown great compatibility to fight against germs found in this disease. Statistical test results on the effect of oral hygiene oral to submandibular abscesses, peritonsillar, and Ludwig’s angina were p(AS)=0.605, p(AP)=1.000, and p(LA)=1.000, while of diabetes were p(AS)=0.685, p(AP)=0.657, and p(LA)=1.000.

Conclusion: Deep neck abscess tends to occur in male patients of productive age. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the recommended empiric antibiotics. There was no significant relationship between oral hygiene and diabetes on the occurrence of deep neck abscesses.
CHARACTERISTIC OF ILLNESS PERCEPTION AND PHQ-9 SCORE IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Wilhelmina Valerie Michaela , Suryani Eva , Maslim Yunita
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) accounts for the largest proportion of cardiovascular diseases. CHD patients may experience depressive symptoms or major depressive disorder. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Score has good sensitivity and specificity for patients with CHD. Negative illness perception is significantly associated with more severe levels of depression. The aim of this study is to understand the characteristics of the perception of illness and PHQ-9 scores in patients with CHD at Atma Jaya Hospital, Jakarta.

Methods: A cross-sectional research was done on CHD patients in the clinic of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Sub-Specialist clinics, Cosmas outpatient unit in Atma Jaya Hospital over the course of September-October 2015. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) and PHQ-9 were used to assess the characteristics of illness perception and determine the level of depression in patients with CHD. Univariate analysis were used to process the data.

Results: 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. 62% of subjects had a positive perception of the disease and 38% had a negative perception. The highest average score of B-IPQ was the illness concern. Majority of the subjects 48.8% had minimal depression and none of the subject had severe depression.

Conclusion: B-IPQ scores indicated positive illness perception and PHQ-9 shows minimal depression in most of CHD patients
Implementasi Bimbingan dan Konseling Sebagai Penunjang Pembentukan Godly Character Mahasiswa Universitas Pelita Harapan
Authors: Kathryn Susanna , Andreas Albert , Chandra Donny Charles , Wiryohadi Wiryohadi , Christi Apin Militia
Published: December 2021

Postmodern menyebabkan semua menjadi relatif. Termasuk dalam melakukan kebenaran Firman Tuhan dan teladan dalam membangun karakter pemuda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat implementasi bimbingan dan konseling yang digunakan Universitas Pelita Harapan dalam menunjang perkembangan karakter mahasiswa dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor hambatan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaannya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah implementasi yang digunakan memprioritaskan nilai-nilai firman Tuhan. Target yang ingin dicapai adalah membentuk mahasiswa untuk memiliki karakter ilahi. Proses bimbingan dan konseling diberikan melalui: (1) Penasihat akademik; (2) Organisasi rohani spiritual growth for student; (3) Asrama; (4) Lembaga konseling HOPE. Proses bimbingan dan konseling dilaksanakan dalam bentuk: (1) Pendekatan peraturan lembaga; (2) Pemberian nasihat; (3) Pemuridan; (4) Sistem learning by doing; (5) Bimbingan kolaboratif lembaga; dan (6) Support academic. Faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat adalah: (1) Kompetensi SDM yang belum memadai; (2) Mahasiswa yang kurang berminat kepada program bimbingan dan konseling; dan (3) Mahasiswa yang belum dapat bersifat dewasa.Abstrac :Â  PostmodernÂ  causesÂ  everythingÂ  toÂ  beÂ  relative.Â  IncludingÂ  inÂ  carryingÂ  outÂ  the truthÂ  ofÂ  God'sÂ  WordÂ  andÂ  exampleÂ  inÂ  buildingÂ  theÂ  characterÂ  ofÂ  youth.Â  ThisÂ  studyÂ  aimsÂ  to look at the implementation of guidance and counseling used by Pelita Harapan UniversityÂ  inÂ  supportingÂ  the developmentÂ  of studentÂ  characterÂ  andÂ  identifyÂ  theÂ  obstacles that occur in its implementation. The result of this research is the implementation that is used to prioritize the valuesÂ  of God's word. The target to be achieved is to form students toÂ  haveÂ  divineÂ  character.Â  TheÂ  processÂ  ofÂ  guidanceÂ  andÂ  counselingÂ  isÂ  providedÂ  through: (1)Â  academicÂ  advisors;Â  (2)Â  spiritualÂ  organizationÂ  spiritualÂ  growthÂ  forÂ  students;Â  (3) Dormitory;Â  (4)Â  HOPEÂ  counselingÂ  agency.Â  TheÂ  guidanceÂ  andÂ  counselingÂ  processÂ  is carriedÂ  outÂ  inÂ  theÂ  formÂ  of:Â  (1) InstitutionalÂ  regulatoryÂ  approach;Â  (2)Â  GivingÂ  advice;Â  (3) Discipleship; (4) learning by doing system; (5) InstitutionalÂ  collaborative guidance; and (6)Â  academicÂ  support.Â  TheÂ  inhibitingÂ  factorsÂ  are:Â  (1)Â  inadequateÂ  HRÂ  competencies;Â  (2) StudentsÂ  whoÂ  areÂ  lessÂ  interestedÂ  inÂ  theÂ  guidanceÂ  andÂ  counselingÂ  program;Â  andÂ  (3) Students who have not been able to become adults
Empowering Communities to cope Flood Risk: Learning from Flood affected Community in Narowal District, Pakistan
Authors: Asim M. , Nadeem M. , Saima G.
Published: December 2021

Community empowerment plays a significant role in adapting and organizing flood risks and impacts. The flood impacts the livelihood, infrastructure, production system and sustainable development. The flood in 2014 has severely affected the Narowal district and has put a momentous impact on the communities residing in those places. The six most affected villages in Narowal were selected for this research study. The data was collected by conducting field surveys followed by structured interviews in study area. This study was carried out to assess the role of government institutions and to evaluate the status of community empowerment. The structured interviews were conducted with the officials of the various institutions and 121 affected respondents were identified to conduct the primary survey. This study concluded that more than 42% respondents did not leave home because of the nonavailability of the shelter point. More than 75% respondents were dissatisfied with the efforts of government during a flood. This study inferred that 9.09% and 67.77% respondents were highly dissatisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the efforts of the Government during flood in empowering communities to cope with flood risk. The government institutions should take suitable actions to comprehend the issues of the communities to bring them in sustainable trends.
IN-GROUND CEMETERY OF THE SCYTHIAN PERIOD NEAR THE VILLAGE OF KSIZOVO IN THE UPPER DON REGION (NEW DATA)
Authors: Разуваев Ю. Д.
Published: December 2021

Комплекс памятников конца V - III в. до н. э., расположенный на р. Дон у с. Ксизово в Задонском районе Липецкой обл., включает городище, селище и грунтовый могильник. В результате радиоуглеродного датирования и анализа вещевых находок к названным столетиям отнесено пять захоронений, ранее соотносимых с гуннским временем. В итоге стало известно 17 погребений скифской эпохи, включая два парных. В них по обряду ингумации и в сопровождении довольно скудного инвентаря (стрелы, браслеты, серьги, бусы, пряслица) были захоронены 9 мужчин, 9 женщин и ребенок. Данные бескурганные комплексы дают представление о погребальных традициях оседлого населения донской лесостепи.

The studied group of sites dating to the end of 5 - 3 cc. BC is located on the Don river near the village of Ksizovo in the Zadonsk district, Lipetsk region. The group includes a fortified settlement, an unfortified settlement and an in-ground cemetery. The radiocarbon dating and analysis of the found artifacts refer the five graves earlier dated to the Hun period to the above-mentioned centuries. Today the number of the Scythian graves totals 17, including two double burials. Nine males, nine females and one child were buried in these graves performed according to the inhumation funerary rite with rather scarce funeral offerings (arrowheads, bracelets, pendants, beads, spindle whorls). These burial sites without kurgans give an insight into funerary traditions of the sedentary population inhabiting the Don forest-steppe belt.
NEW FINDS OF FLINT PLASTIC ART IN THE MOUNTAINOUS-FOREST TRANS-URALS
Authors: Корочкова О. Н. , Спиридонов И. А.
Published: December 2021

Публикация вводит в научный оборот две кремневые фигурки, обнаруженные в результате раскопок многослойного памятника Шайтанское 4-6 в Свердловской области. Анализ контекстов и аналогий позволяет с достаточной уверенностью атрибутировать их в рамках аятской культуры эпохи энеолита и рассматривать как свидетельства символической деятельности местного населения в IV-III тыс. до н. э.

The paper introduces two flint figurines into scientific discourse, they were found during excavations of the multilayer Shaitanskoye 4-6 site in the Sverdlovsk region. Analysis of the contexts and analogies helps attribute these figurines to the Ayat culture of the Eneolithic with a high degree of certainty and consider them to be an evidence of symbolic activities of the local population in IV-III mill. BC.
VISUALIZATION OF THE SCENE FEATURING A PERSON FALLING SICK ON THE SEAL IMPRESSION ON THE CUNEIFORM TABLET’S ENVELOPE FROM KULTEPE (COLLECTION OF THE PUSHKIN STATE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, I 2 B 1589)
Authors: Ясеновская А. А.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена публикации фрагмента конверта от клинописной таблички с изображением интереснейшей композиции магического характера. В результате исследования выявлено, что сцена заболевания человека является центральной в сюжете. Нергал, бог Подземного мира, которого мы можем распознать по его символу - двуглавому скипетру, насылает на грешника львиноголового демона для причинения наказания - вызывания болезни у человека. Причина многих болезней по представлениям жителей Древней Месопотамии - гнев божества. Главной аналогией данному изображению является композиция на еще одной старовавилонской печати. На фрагменте конверта I 2 б 1589 присутствуют также два символа - сосуд и жезл с шаром. Установлено, что комбинация этих символов наиболее часто встречается на печатях из Сиппара или области Диялы, что может говорить о происхождении исследуемой печати либо резчика, ее изготовившего, с севера Нижней Месопотамии.

The article is devoted to the publication of a fragment of a cuneiform tablet’s envelope with the image of interesting composition of a magical nature (Fig. 1; 2). The study revealed that the plot’s central scene is the scene depicting the process of getting sick. Nergal, the god of the Underworld, whom we can recognize by his symbol -a two-headed scepter, sends a lion-headed demon on the sinner to inflict punishment by making the sinner fall ill (many diseases were caused by anger of a deity according to the Ancient Mesopotamian conceptions/ideas). The main analogy to this image is the composition on another Old Babylonian seal (Fig. 3). The fragment of the envelope I 2 b 1589 also contains two symbols - a vessel and a ball-staff. It has been established that the combination of these symbols is most often found on seals from Sippar or the Diyala region, which implies that either the studied seal or its carver came from the northern part of Lower Mesopotamia.
NEW MATERIALS DATING TO THE TURN OF THE 13th-18th CENTURIES FROM THE 2020 EXCAVATIONS OF THE ZAT’MATSKIY POSAD IN TVER
Authors: Лагуткин А. В. , Лагуткина Е. В. , Степанова Ю. В.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются новые материалы, полученные в результате исследований на Затьмацком посаде Твери археологической экспедицией ТвГУ в 2020 г. Открыты комплексы с находками рубежа XII-XIII - XIV вв. Состав ранних находок идентичен выявленному ранее в раскопе 81: височные кольца, ромбовидная подвеска, линейнопрорезной бубенчик, стеклянные браслеты, бронзовые пластинчатые и витой браслеты и др. К XV-XVII вв. относится серия предметов личного благочестия и бытовые предметы. Выявлены находки, свидетельствующие о близости ювелирного производства в XV-XVI вв.: литейная форма, отливка крестика, обломки проволоки. Характер культурного слоя и сооружений свидетельствует о том, что исследованная территория являлась хозяйственной периферией по отношению к жилым и производственным комплексам усадеб XIII-XIV и XV-XVI вв., открытым в соседних раскопах 56, 81, 24. Направление частокольных канавок соответствует ориентации усадебных комплексов Затьмачья и свидетельствует о включенности этой территории в единую усадебно-уличную планировку посада в XVXVII вв., а возможно, и ранее.

The paper explores new materials obtained through excavations of the Zat’matskiy posad (suburb) in Tver conducted by the Tver State University archaeological expedition in 2020. The excavations discovered assemblages containing finds from the turn of the 13th-18th centuries. The composition of the earlier finds is identical to that of the assemblage discovered in excavation trench 81: temporal rings, a rhomboid pendant, a bell with a linear slot on the bottom, glass bracelets, bronze plated bracelets and one twisted bracelet, etc. A series of items of personal piety and household goods refer to the 15th-17th centuries. There are finds that demonstrate characteristics typical of jewelry production in the 15th-16th centuries: a casting mold, a cast baptismal cross, and fragments of wire. Distinctive features of the occupation layer and constructions indicate that the excavated area was located on the periphery of residential and production buildings of the town estates dating to the 13th-14th centuries and the 15th-16th centuries discovered in adjacent excavation trenches 56, 81, and 24. The location of palisade ditches is consistent with the orientation of the estate ensembles in the Zat’matskiy area suggesting that this area was part of the estatestreet layout of the suburb in the 15th-17th centuries, and maybe even earlier.
NEW FINDS OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN CULTURE IN THE CENTRAL FORE-CAUCASUS
Authors: Клещенко А. А. , Березин Я. Б. , Бабенко В. А. , Канторович А. Р. , Маслов В. Е.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена публикации погребальных комплексов с алебастровыми и глиняными антропоморфными статуэтками развитого и позднего этапов северокавказской культуры (XXVIII - нач. XXV в. до н. э.), обнаруженными в Центральном Предкавказье в 2000-2014 гг. В работе приводятся описание и датировка пяти погребений, содержавших 14 таких статуэток (рис. 1-3). На основе анализа общей источниковой базы (9 погребений, 21 статуэтка) рассматриваются закономерности расположения захоронений со статуэтками в насыпях курганов и самих статуэток внутри погребений, возрастной состав погребенных, классификация статуэток по материалу изготовления, форме, размерам и орнаментации (рис. 5). Далее приводятся аргументы в пользу происхождения антропоморфных статуэток северокавказской культуры от культовой пластики так называемого серезлиевского типа Северного Причерноморья (конец IV тыс. до н. э.). В заключение на основе картографирования находок статуэток на территории Центрального Предкавказья (рис. 4) предлагается название для данной серии культовых предметов: статуэтки «подкумского» типа.

This paper publishes funerary assemblages with alabaster and clay anthropomorphic figurines of the developed and late stages of the North Caucasian culture (XXVIII - early XXV centuries BC) discovered in the central Fore-Caucasus in 20002014. The article describes and dates five graves containing 14 figurines (Fig. 1-3). Based on the analysis of the overall source database (9 graves, and 21 figurines), the paper explores the location pattern of the graves with the figurines in the kurgan mounds and the figurines themselves inside the graves, age composition of the deceased, classification of the figurines by material they are made from, size and decoration (Fig. 5). The authors provide arguments that help trace the origin of the Northern Caucasus figurines to religious cult figurines of the so called Serezlievka type in the North Pontic region (late IV mill. BC). In the final section of the paper this series of the religious cult figurines is proposed to be called the Podkumok type of figurines based on the mapping of the figurine finds from the Central Fore-Caucasus.
A 16th CENTURY TRADING BOOK AS A SOURCE OF MINERALOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Окулов А. В.
Published: December 2021

Торговая книга XVI в. рассмотрена в качестве самостоятельного источника с целью изучения характера минералогических познаний, существовавших у наших предков в XVI-XVII вв. Выполнено сопоставление камней, упоминаемых в книге, с реальными минералами, в т. ч. на основе анализа упоминаемых минералогических характеристик. Отмечено, что в памятнике описываются, прежде всего, реальные минералогические свойства, в отличие от современных ему «лечебников» и «травников», а также памятников официальной и отреченной книжности. В качестве основного приема для отличия наиболее дорогих камней от менее ценных использовалось такое свойство как твердость. Это свойство минералов и сейчас широко применяется для их диагностики на основе 10-балльной шкалы твердости Мооса. Автор Торговой книги предлагает использовать для определения наиболее дорогих минералов своеобразные «эталоны» - обломки достоверных драгоценных камней (яхонт, лал, изумруд). Весьма важно упоминание наждака как материала для обработки ювелирных камней. В совокупности с находками необработанных ювелирных камней в слоях XVI-XVII вв. это подтверждает наличие собственных мастерских по их обработке.

A trading book of the 16th century was analyzed as a separate source with a view of exploring the nature of mineralogical knowledge that our ancestors living in the 16th-17th centuries had. The analysis included comparison of the stones mentioned in the book with genuine minerals including review of the listed mineralogical characteristics. The paper notes that the book describes primarily true mineralogical properties in contrast to books of home remedies and books of herbal cures as well as books of official and prohibited booklore. The main method to distinguish between the most precious stones and less valuable ones is based on analysis of stone hardness. This mineral property is still widely used for their diagnostics based on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, with scale number from 1 to 10. The author of the trading book suggests to use special “standards” for determining the most precious minerals such as fragments of true gemstones (jachont, lal, and emerald). It is rather important that he mentions emery as material for processing precious stones. Along with the finds of unprocessed gemstones in the layers of the 16th<-17th centuries it is an evidence of existence of jewelry workshops.
GIOVAN BATTISTA BELLUZZI AND HIS «TREATISE ON FORTIFICATIONS OF EARTH»
Authors: Медведь А. Н.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена «Трактату о земляных укреплениях» (1554 г.) итальянского фортификатора XVI в. Джамбаттисты Белуцци. Описываются разделы трактата, отмечаются особенности создания земляных укреплений в Италии XVI в. Высказывается гипотеза о связи технологий создания итальянских земляных укреплений и подобных крепостей в Московском великом княжестве.

The article is devoted to the «Treatise on earth Fortifications» (1554) written by the military architect of the 16th century Giovan Battista Belluzzi. It describes sections of the treatise, and highlights distinctive features of earthwork fortifications in Italy in the 16th century. According to the hypothesis presented in the paper, there is a link between the technology of building Italian earth fortifications and that of similar fortresses in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
A TORQUE OF EARLY ROMAN TIME FROM KALINOVO (KALININGRAD REGION, RUSSIA): THE COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL AND DATA ON CHRONOLOGY AND ORIGIN
Authors: Скворцов К. Н. , Румянцева О. С. , Ханин Д. А.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрен химический состав и техника нанесения красной эмали гривны, производной от типа Хавор, происходящей из могильника Калиново самбийско-натангийской культуры (Калининградская обл.). Гривна датирована второй половиной I - второй третью II в. н. э. Установлено, что эмаль была изготовлена по «кельтскому» рецепту с высоким содержанием меди и свинца. Однако если состав в данном случае является скорее хронологическим, чем культурноопределяющим признаком, то его сочетание с техникой нанесения эмали (в прорезные углубления-насечки) заставляет искать прототипы данного украшения среди образцов кельтского эмальерного ремесла. Данные о хронологии и технологической традиции, в которой изготовлена гривна, полученные на основании стилистического анализа и состава эмали, хорошо согласуются с результатами комплекса исследований, посвященных данной находке.

The article considers the chemical composition and technique of applying the red enamel on the torque derived from the Havor type, originating from the cemetery of Kalinovo of Sambian-Natangian culture (Kaliningrad region). The torque dates back to the second half of I - second third of II c. AD. The enamel was produced using «Celtic» recipe with high copper and lead content. The composition of the enamel in this case is rather chronological than a culturally determining indication. However, its combination with the technique of enamelling (in the slotted recessing notches) gives grounds to search for the prototypes of this decoration among the samples of the Celtic enamel craft. The data on the chronology and technological tradition in which the torque was made, obtained on the basis of stylistic analysis and data on the enamel composition, well agree with the results of a comprehensive studies of this find.
HISTORY OF GLASS-MAKING FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE LATE 1st - EARLY 2nd MILLENNIUM AD: DISCOVERIES, METHODS AND RESEARCH RESULTS PART 1. LATE BRONZE AGE
Authors: Румянцева О. С.
Published: December 2021

Статья представляет собой обзор итогов ведущих мировых исследований 1990-2010-х гг. в области древнего стеклоделия эпохи поздней бронзы на территории Месопотамии, Египта, Греции и Малой Азии. Особое внимание уделено новым методам и подходам к изучению древнего стеклоделия (исследование концентраций следовых элементов и изотопного состава стекла), позволившим ставить и решать новые задачи при определении происхождения стекла. Согласно их итогам, стеклоделие уже на раннем этапе существования являлось многоэтапным процессом, в котором варка стекла и изготовление из него изделий были двумя специализированными видами ремесла. Для рассмотренного периода существование стекловаренных центров однозначно подтверждается для Египта и Месопотамии, причем в последнем случае ведущую роль в их выделении играют итоги лабораторных исследований, археологическими методами они не фиксируются. Мастерские микенской Греции и Малой Азии работали на привозных полуфабрикатах их Египта и Месопотамии. Выявлены признаки, позволяющие различать стекло, сваренное в Египте и различных центрах Месопотамии.

The paper provides an overview of key world studies conducted in the 1990s-2010s on ancient glass-making in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Asia Minor during the Late Bronze Age. It focuses on new methods and approaches to the studies of ancient glass-making (examination of the concentration of trace elements and the isotopic composition of glass) that offered an opportunity to raise and address new tasks in determining glass provenance. The results of the studies show that, from the very early stage, glass-making was a multi-stage process where melting glass and making glass items were two specialized crafts. For the studied period existence of glass-making centers is reliably established for Egypt and Mesopotamia, in the latter case laboratory studies are of great importance as archaeological methods have not revealed any centers. Glass-making workshops in Mycenaean Greece and Asia Minor used imported raw glass from Egypt and Mesopotamia. Features that can distinguish between the production of Egyptian and Mesopotamian glassmaking centres were singled out.
METHODOLOGICAL WORKSHOPS OF USSR CENTRAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL AGENCIES AS A PLATFORM FOR DISCUSSIONS (the problem of thematic content of reports in the 1960s - early 1970s)
Authors: Палиенко С. В.
Published: December 2021

С конца 1950-х гг. в центральных советских археологических учреждениях - в Институте археологии и в Ленинградском отделении Института археологии АН СССР функционировали методологические семинары. История их деятельности в 1960-е - начале 1970-х гг. до сих пор остается малоизученной. На основе архивных материалов и публикаций была установлена тематика докладов, обсуждавшихся в этот период на заседаниях методсеминаров обоих институтов. Темы данных докладов могут быть отнесены к следующим категориям: проблемы первобытности; проблемы социоисторических реконструкций; проблемы палеоэкологии в археологии; идеологические представления древних обществ; проблемы этносоциальных реконструкций. Эта проблематика соответствует перечню наиболее актуальных тем, упомянутых в передовых статьях журнала «Советская археология». Методологические семинары, хоть и имели первоначальное идеологическое назначение, однако использовались как площадка для дискуссий по актуальным проблемам археологии того времени, а в 1970-е -1980-е гг. - также и для апробации новейших теоретических концепций.

Methodo1ogica1 workshops were oгgaшzed in central Soviet archaeo1ogica1 адепслех such as the Institute of Archaeo1ogy and the Leningrad Ьranch of the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences, starting from the late 1950s. Their history in the 1960s - early 1970s is still understudied. The examination of archival materials and publications established topics of the papers discussed at the methodological workshops in both institutes at that time such as issues of prehistory; issues of social and historical reconstructions; issues of paleoecology in archaeology; ideological concepts of the earliest societies; issues of ethnosocial reconstructions. These thematical areas are in line with the most relevant topics mentioned in leading papers published by Soviet Archaeology. While initially methodological workshops pursued an ideological aim, over time they turned into a platform for discussing relevant issues of archaeology and even testing most advanced theoretical concepts in the 1970s-1980s.
MATERIALS OF THE KONSTANTINOVSKAYA CULTURE FROM THE TEMERNITSKOYE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT
Authors: Файферт А. В. , Нечипорук А. А. , Вдовченков Е. В. , Солдатов А. В. , Мазурицкий М. И.
Published: December 2021

В 2017-2018 гг. на территории Темерницкого городища в центральной части г. Ростова-на-Дону было обнаружено поселение энеолитического времени (константиновская культура). В статье отдельно рассмотрены эти материалы, представленные в подавляющем большинстве керамикой и кремневыми изделиями (рис. 2-4). Часть их находилась в переотложенном состоянии - в разрушенном слое или хозяйственных ямах первых веков н. э. Оставшаяся половина найдена в нижних практически стерильных слоях предматерика и в заполнении двух выявленных рвов энеолитического времени (рис. 1). Единственный сохранившийся участок культурного слоя исследован в западной части раскопа. Именно с этого участка происходят два шила, обогащенная медная руда и несколько фрагментов неорнаментированных стенок сосудов с примесью раковины. Находки из металла (2 шила, плоская капля металла, медная руда) проанализированы на микрофлуоресцентном рентгеновском спектрометре (рис. 5). По совокупности технологических, морфологических и орнаментальных признаков керамики энеолитический слой Темерницкого городища можно атрибутировать ранним этапом константиновской культуры Нижнего Подонья. Помимо эпонимного поселения наиболее близки к найденным материалы нижнего горизонта Ливенцовского поселения и слой 6 поселения Раздорское I. К исследованным материалам энеолитического времени Темерницкого городища хронологически близким является погребение, обнаруженное на территории грунтового некрополя Темерницкого городища.

In 2017-2018 an Eneolithic settlement (attributed to the Konstantinovskaya culture) was discovered in the territory of the Temernitskoye fortified site in the center of Rostov-on-the-Don. The paper considers these materials represented mostly_by ceramics and flint items (Fig. 2-4). Some of them were redeposited and found in a disturbed layer or household pits dating to first centuries AD. The remainder items were found in bottom and practically sterile layers over the virgin soil and in the fill of two identified Eneolithic ditches (Fig. 1). The only surviving section of the cultural layer was examined in the western part of the excavation area. It yielded two awls, enriched copper ore and several undecorated walls of shell-tempered vessels. Metal finds (two awls, a flat metal drop, copper ore) were analyzed by an X-ray microfluorescence spectrometer (Fig. 5). Based on technological, morphological and decorative characteristics of the ceramics, the Eneolithic layer of the Temernitskoye fortified settlement can be attributed to the early stage of the Konstantinovskaya culture of the Lower Don region. Besides the eponymic settlement, the materials retrieved from the lower horizon at the Liventsovka settlement and layer 6 from Razdorskaya I are the closest to the finds. A burial found in the necropolis of the Temernitskoye fortified settlement is chronologically close to the examined Eneolithic materials found at the Temernitskoye settlement.
Christian culture in the first Russian educational books on the French language
Authors: Колобкова Анастасия Анатольевна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрено отражение христианского учения в первых российских учебных книгах по французскому языку. Отмечается, что авторы первых учебных пособий по французскому языку (азбуки, буквари, грамматики) уделяли большое внимание религиозно-нравственному воспитанию обучающихся, поэтому включали в свои книги тексты из Библии, молитвы, притчи, поучительные истории из жизни святых. Религиозные тексты ценились, так как они воспитывали в учениках нравственные добродетели: благочестие, милосердие, честность, щедрость, скромность. В учебные книги по французскому языку XVIII в. часто в первый раздел включались учебные материалы, тексты, связанные с религией, богослужением, церковью. С течением времени образование приобретало все более светский характер, религиозные тексты в учебниках уступали место бытовой, обиходной тематике. Интегративная подача иноязычных текстов, относящихся к духовной и повседневной жизни обучающихся характеризует учебные книги по французскому языку конца XVIII века, в связи с чем можно констатировать, что обучение бытовой коммуникации сочеталось с религиозно-нравственным воспитанием.

The article considers the reflection of Christian teaching in the first Russian textbooks on the French
language. It is noted that the authors of the first textbooks on the French language (ABCs, primers, grammars)
paid great attention to the religious and moral education of students, therefore they included texts from the Bible,
prayers, parables, instructive stories from the life of saints in their books. Religious texts were valued because
they brought up moral virtues in students: piety, charity, honesty, generosity, modesty. In educational books on
the French language of the XVIII century. often, the first section included educational materials, texts related to
religion, worship, and the church. Over time, education acquired an increasingly secular character, religious
texts in textbooks gave way to everyday, everyday topics. The integrative presentation of foreign-language texts
related to the spiritual and everyday life of students characterizes the educational books on the French language
of the late XVIII century, in connection with which it can be stated that the teaching of everyday communication
was combined with religious and moral education.
Comparative analysis of educational results of students of rural and urban schools on the example of the Tomsk region
Authors: Пивоварова Анна Викторовна , Сартакова Елена Евгеньевна
Published: December 2021

В России в начале XXI в. развитие системы общего образования, соответствующей запросам формирующегося информационного общества, в условиях сельской местности осуществлялось в процессе реализации различных концепций и программ (реструктуризации, введения профильного обучения, Комплексного проекта модернизации образования, модернизации региональных образовательных систем, внедрение Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов общего образования (далее ФГОС) и др.), что обусловило развитие инновационных процессов не только в области содержания образования, способов его реализации, но и организации процессов обучения и воспитания. Так, реализация Национального проекта «Образование», предполагает решение задач по созданию системы общего образования, входящей в 10-ку лучших в мире. В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ образовательных результатов обучающихся сельских и городских школ. Образовательные достижения учеников сельских школ отличаются от тех, которые показывают обучающиеся городских, и обусловлены различными факторами. В условиях сельских территорий особенно значимым становится взаимодействие основных участников отношений в сфере образования между собой: педагогический и управляющий состав школы, обучающиеся, их родители, органы управления образованием муниципального и регионального уровней.

In Russia at the beginning of the XXI century . the development of a general education system that
meets the needs of the emerging information society in rural areas was carried out in the process of
implementing various concepts and programs (restructuring, introduction of specialized training, a
comprehensive education modernization project, modernization of regional educational systems, introduction of
Federal State Educational Standards of General Education (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State
Educational Standard), etc.), which led to the development of innovative processes not only in the field of
educational content, ways of its implementation, but also the organization of the processes of education and
upbringing. Thus, the implementation of the National Project "Education" involves solving the tasks of creating
a general education system that is among the top 10 in the world. In this article, a comparative analysis of the
educational results of students of rural and urban schools is carried out. The educational achievements of rural
school students differ from those shown by urban students, and are due to various factors. In the conditions of
rural areas, the interaction of the main participants in relations in the field of education among themselves becomes especially significant: the pedagogical and administrative staff of the school, students, their parents,
educational authorities at the municipal and regional levels.
Investments in higher education and the efficiency of the use of budgetary funds
Authors: Арсаханова Зина Абдуловна
Published: December 2021

Система высшего образования России по сравнению с ближайшими соседями демонстрирует высокий уровень моральной и технической отсталости учебного процесса. В России высшие учебные заведения используют устаревшие методы внедрения образовательной деятельности. Эффективность развития современного общества обеспечивается наличием высокого интеллектуального потенциала. Именно поэтому системе учебных заведений нужно уделить немалое внимание, а именно высшим учебным заведениям. Высшие учебные заведения решают важные вопросы по профессиональной подготовке специалистов, обеспечивают общество интеллектуальными ресурсами. Интеллектуализация жизни, в том числе и экономической, предопределяет потребность развития образования. Образование обеспечивает работающих в экономике информацией, знаниями, умениями, интеллектуальным капиталом, поэтому эффективность работы высших учебных заведений чрезвычайно важна и невозможна без достаточного уровня финансового обеспечения. В проекте Стратегии реформирования высшего образования до 2024 г. ключевым для администрирования финансового обеспечения национальной системы высшего образования России был определен вопрос оплаты подготовки соискателей высшего образования.

The higher education system of Russia, in comparison with its closest neighbors, demonstrates a high
level of moral and technical backwardness of the educational process. In Russia, higher education institutions
use outdated methods of implementing educational activities. The effectiveness of the development of modern
society is ensured by the presence of high intellectual potential. That is why a lot of attention should be paid to
the system of educational institutions, namely higher educational institutions. Higher educational institutions
solve important issues of professional training of specialists, provide society with intellectual resources. The
intellectualization of life, including economic life, determines the need for the development of education.
Education provides those working in the economy with information, knowledge, skills, and intellectual capital, so
the efficiency of higher education institutions is extremely important and impossible without a sufficient level of
financial support.