bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Intervention Augmentation in a Single Case
Authors: Boswell James F. , Schwartzman Carly M.
Published: August 2018

Recent work has highlighted that process–outcome relationships are likely to vary depending on the client, yet much work remains to be done in the area of tailoring interventions to a given client. This naturalistic single-case analysis provides an example of augmenting a treatment protocol with “off protocol” relaxation methods, based on routinely collected outcome information to guide shared decision making. Intensive case study analyses were applied to one client with principal generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid major depressive disorder receiving transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy. The client completed two routine anxiety and depression symptom and functioning scales prior to each session of naturalistic treatment. Time series analyses were applied to the two symptom measures. Among the results, (a) significant linear decreases in anxiety and depression from baseline to posttreatment were observed; and (b) the introduction of relaxation methods had a significant impact on the course of anxiety symptom change. In conclusion, routine outcome assessment can be used to inform intervention augmentation with individual clients. Furthermore, regular assessment is needed to determine if a client may benefit from an alternative set of specific intervention strategies.
Moderate Effects of Low-Intensity Behavioral Intervention
Authors: Lotfizadeh Amin D. , Kazemi Ellie , Pompa-Craven Paula , Eldevik Sigmund
Published: August 2018

We compared clinical outcomes in a treatment group of 98 individuals who received between 8 and 15 weekly hours ( M = 10.6; SD = 1.7) of applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention with a comparison group of 73 individuals who received another provision, including some ABA, (between 1.4-8 weekly hours, M = 5.7; SD = 1.6). After 2 years, the treatment group made greater gains than the comparison group on language and social skills, and other areas assessed by the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP). We evaluated the outcome on adaptive skills for a smaller sample of participants using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales II (VABS), but found no significant differences between the treatment ( n = 17) and comparison groups ( n = 11). Although the treatment group made important and clinically meaningful gains, the gains were moderate. These findings underline the importance of intervention intensity and provide further support for a dose–response relationship between ABA intervention hours and outcomes.
Global Talent Management and Performance in Multinational Enterprises: A Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Collings David G. , Mellahi Kamel , Cascio Wayne F.
Published: August 2018

The link between global talent management (GTM) and multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) performance has not been theorized or empirically tested. We develop a theoretical framework for how GTM links to performance at the headquarters (HQ), subsidiary, and individual employee levels. Using the resource-based view as a frame, we highlight the routines of pivotal positions, global talent pools, and a differentiated HR architecture as central to GTM. We show that at the HQ level, an MNE’s adoption of a global, multidomestic, or transnational strategy determines the objectives of the GTM system and significantly influences the performance of the enterprise. At the subsidiary level, the alignment between HQ intentions and subsidiary implementation of GTM routines is a key variable in our analysis. We consider the effects of these higher-level factors on individual performance through the lens of human-capital resources, focusing on how individual human capital can translate or amplify to a unit-level human-capital resource. We argue that through the vertical fit of these higher-level factors with GTM routines at a given level, an MNE can develop an effective GTM system and expect that to translate into sustainable performance aligned with objectives set at headquarters. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research.
The Global Platform Economy: A New Offshoring Institution Enabling Emerging-Economy Microproviders
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili , Kässi Otto , Hjorth Isis , Barnard Helena , Graham Mark
Published: August 2018

Global online platforms match firms with service providers around the world, in services ranging from software development to copywriting and graphic design. Unlike in traditional offshore outsourcing, service providers are predominantly one-person microproviders located in emerging-economy countries not necessarily associated with offshoring and often disadvantaged by negative country images. How do these microproviders survive and thrive? We theorize global platforms through transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that they are a new technology-enabled offshoring institution that emerges in response to cross-border information asymmetries that hitherto prevented microproviders from participating in offshoring markets. To explain how platforms achieve this, we adapt signaling theory to a TCE-based model and test our hypotheses by analyzing 6 months of transaction records from a leading platform. To help interpret the results and generalize them beyond a single platform, we introduce supplementary data from 107 face-to-face interviews with microproviders in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals choose microprovidership when it provides a better return on their skills and labor than employment at a local (offshoring) firm. The platform acts as a signaling environment that allows microproviders to inform foreign clients of their quality, with platform-generated signals being the most informative signaling type. Platform signaling disproportionately benefits emerging-economy providers, allowing them to partly overcome the effects of negative country images and thus diminishing the importance of home country institutions. Global platforms in other factor and product markets likely promote cross-border microbusiness through similar mechanisms.
How Does Workplace Helping Behavior Step Up or Slack Off? Integrating Enrichment-Based and Depletion-Based Perspectives
Authors: Lin Weipeng , Koopmann Jaclyn , Wang Mo
Published: August 2018

Although helping behavior at work is widely studied, little is known about the processes via which help providers increase or decrease their helping behavior. In the current research, we integrated both enrichment-based and depletion-based perspectives on helping with Kahn’s psychological conditions for engagement to offer more comprehensive understanding of how helping behavior may change. Specifically, based on Kahn’s model, we simultaneously consider the beneficial effects of helping on help providers’ psychological meaningfulness and psychological safety along with the detrimental effects of helping on help providers’ psychological resource availability in order to uncover the differential processes through which helping behavior may change. To test our theoretical model, we collected data from a sample of 375 employees using a three-wave time-lagged design. Supporting the enrichment-based perspective, our results demonstrated that employees’ helping behavior was positively related to increases in their psychological meaningfulness and psychological safety. Supporting the depletion-based perspective, results showed that helping behavior was also positively related to increases in emotional exhaustion, an indicator of psychological resource availability. Whereas psychological meaningfulness and psychological safety were, in turn, positively related to increases in job involvement, emotional exhaustion was negatively related to increases in job involvement. Finally, job involvement was positively related to subsequent increases in employee helping behavior. We discuss the implications of our findings for both theories and practices.
Does State-Level Nurse Practitioner Scope-of-Practice Policy Affect Access to Care?
Authors: Patel Esita Y. , Petermann Victoria , Mark Barbara A.
Published: August 2018

There is heated debate surrounding policy reform granting full state-level nurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice (SOP) in all U.S. states. NP SOP policy is argued to impact access to care; however, a synthesis of empirical studies assessing this relationship has yet to be performed. Our study fills this critical gap by systematically reviewing studies that examine this relationship. We apply Aday and Andersen’s Access Framework to operationalize access to care. We also use this framework to map components of access to care that may relate to NP SOP through concepts identified in this review. Our findings suggest that full state-level NP SOP policy is associated with increases in various components of access to care, but additional work is needed to evaluate causality and underlying mechanisms behind this policy’s effect on access. This work is necessary to align research, practice, and policy efforts surrounding NP SOP with healthcare accessibility.
Concomitant aortic root and pectus deformity repair in Marfan syndrome patients
Authors: Zakkar Mustafa , Lansac Emmanuel , Wurtz Alain , Brian Emmanuel
Published: August 2018

The role of concomitant aortic and pectus repair in Marfan patients remains controversial. We present our surgical technique for concomitant aortic repair of aortic root pathology and pectus correction. The concomitant surgery can be safely achieved in Marfan patients, thus, avoiding the need for a risky second stage operation.
The interactive relationship between coastal erosion and flood risk
Authors: Pollard JA , Spencer T , Brooks SM
Published: August 2018

Coastal erosion and flooding are hazards that, when combined with facilitative pathways and vulnerable receptors, represent sources of coastal risk. Erosion and flooding risks are often analysed separately owing to complex relationships between driving processes, morphological response and risk receptors. We argue that these risks should be considered jointly and illustrate this through discussion of three ‘expressions’ of this interactive relationship: coastal morphology modifies flood hazard; future flood risk depends on changing shoreline position; and the simultaneous occurrence of erosion–flooding events. Some critical thoughts are offered on the general applicability of these expressions and the implications for coastal risk management policy.
Treatment of acute migraine by a partial rebreathing device: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Fuglsang Cecilia H , Johansen Troels , Kaila Kai , Kasch Helge , Bach Flemming W
Published: August 2018

Background

Impaired brain oxygen delivery can trigger and exacerbate migraine attacks. Normoxic hypercapnia increases brain oxygen delivery markedly by vasodilation of the cerebral vasculature, and hypercapnia has been shown to abort migraine attacks. Stable normoxic hypercapnia can be induced by a compact partial rebreathing device. This pilot study aimed to provide initial data on the device’s efficacy and safety.

Methods

Using a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over study design, adult migraine-with-aura patients self-administered the partial rebreathing device or a sham device for 20 minutes at the onset of aura symptoms.

Results

Eleven participants (mean age 35.5, three men) self-treated 41 migraine attacks (20 with the partial rebreathing device, 21 with sham). The partial rebreathing device increased mean End Tidal CO2 by 24%, while retaining mean oxygen saturation above 97%. The primary end point (headache intensity difference between first aura symptoms and two hours after treatment (0–3 scale) – active/sham difference) did not reach statistical significance (−0.55 (95% CI: −1.13–0.04), p = 0.096), whereas the difference in percentage of attacks with pain relief at two hours was significant ( p = 0.043), as was user satisfaction ( p = 0.022). A marked efficacy increase was seen from first to second time use of the partial rebreathing device. No adverse events occurred, and side effects were absent or mild.

Conclusion

Normoxic hypercapnia shows promise as an adjunctive/alternative migraine treatment, meriting further investigation in a larger population. Clinical study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03472417
Fear in Humans: A Glimpse into the Crowd-Modeling Perspective
Authors: Shipman Alastair , Majumdar Arnab
Published: August 2018

There have been a number of high-profile incidents in recent years in which appropriate evacuation has been necessary due to the extreme nature of the incident (e.g., terrorist attacks). Evacuation under extreme situations causes specific behavioral responses and understanding these can significantly affect the efficacy of an evacuation, potentially saving lives. This paper offers a view of the current understanding of this area of research by performing a literature review into the required areas (sociological, psychological and computer modeling). It finds that although there has been significant progress in sociological models of human behavior, there is a lack of appropriate software models for extreme emergencies that can accurately model states of fear. This point is independently established in interviews with key stakeholders in the area of human behavior and emergencies. The interviewees identify that a better model is required and provide their desired areas of progress, specifically that more data is required to develop new theories and calibrate software models.
Collaborative Geodesign for Alternative-Fuel Station Location using “Collablocation” Software
Authors: Kuby Michael , Bailey Keiron , Wei Fangwu , Fowler John , Tong Daoqin , Zhong Qing , Lopez Oscar , Sheaffer William
Published: August 2018

Adoption of alternative-fuel vehicles requires a network of conveniently located fuel stations capable of serving the movement patterns of potential users. One hindrance to planning an effective network of stations is the difficulty of integrating the competing views of multiple stakeholders into an agreeable solution. This paper reports on a collaborative geodesign methodology applied to the problem of compressed natural gas fueling locations in the southwestern U.S.A. Geodesign is a multi-stakeholder spatial planning process that has gained currency in the GIS community but has not been applied to fuel infrastructure previously. We have developed an open-source interactive geovisual platform called Collablocation and a structured group process to facilitate interactive exploration of scenarios with multiple spatial data layers and to permit real-time computation and evaluation of network performance characteristics. For the pilot workshop we recruited expert stakeholders from industry, government, and local organizations. Breakout groups reached convergence on six locations on the I-10 and I-80, and at the Arizona–Mexico border, and several other less precise areas of need were identified. A post-workshop survey indicated high satisfaction with the technical features of the platform and the workshop design, and highlighted the ease of use and exchange of information.
Operational Effects of the Displaced Partial Cloverleaf Interchange
Authors: Sutherland Larry F. , Cook Daniel J. , Dixon Karen K.
Published: August 2018

As the roadway infrastructure in the United States evolves, transportation agencies continue to seek effective interchange alternatives that can accommodate site-specific needs, such as high through and turning volumes, or optimized traffic signal operations (by minimizing the number of traffic signal phases). In recent years, innovative interchanges such as the diverging diamond have enabled transportation agencies to explore unique designs compatible with their specific needs. This paper introduces a new innovative interchange, known as a displaced partial cloverleaf (DPC) interchange. This unique interchange is characterized by a single intersection, six free-flow movements, only four movements controlled by the solitary traffic signal, an intersection location that can be shifted, and only 12 conflict points. The flexible intersection location can help an agency improve corridor progression, eliminate conflicting queues from nearby intersections, or enhance/maintain the bridge structure without compromising the intersection operations. A microsimulation study was conducted to compare the operational performance of a DPC interchange to that of a four-quadrant type B partial cloverleaf (PARCLO B-4Q) interchange, which is very similar in layout to a DPC interchange. Results show significant decreases in experienced travel time for left-turning vehicles with the DPC. The DPC interchange is recommended as an alternative option for interchanges with very heavy left-turning onramp demand in combination with heavy crossroad demand.
Modeling Driver Merging Behavior: A Repeated Game Theoretical Approach
Authors: Kang Kyungwon , Rakha Hesham A.
Published: August 2018

Various lane-changing models have been developed for use within microscopic traffic simulation software to replicate driver merging behavior. An understanding of human driving behavior, which can be gained through such modeling, will be critical in harmonizing emerging advanced vehicle technology, such as connected automated vehicles, with human drivers. Therefore, it is important to ensure that lane-changing models are clearly understood, appropriately designed, and carefully calibrated. An earlier study by Kang and Rakha proposed and developed a decision-making model for merging maneuvers using a game theoretical approach considering two drivers: the driver of the subject vehicle (DS) in an acceleration lane and the driver of the following lag vehicle (DL) in the target lane. The previous model assumed that the DS and DL decide on an action at the first point only, where the subject and lag vehicles are identified. The current study extends the Kang and Rakha model by introducing the concept of a repeated game, assuming that a lane change decision is made repeatedly to adjust to changes in surrounding conditions. For example, drivers often decide to change their initial decision as a result of conflicts with other drivers. A repeated game helps the proposed model produce more realistic decision-making in the lane-changing process. To evaluate the model, driver decisions at a certain stage, along with accumulated historical decision data, were extracted from Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) data. The validation results reveal that the proposed repeated game model produces considerable prediction accuracy (above 75%).
Expansive Soil Treatment with Liquid Ionic Soil Stabilizer
Authors: He Shi , Yu Xinbao , Banerjee Aritra , Puppala Anand J.
Published: August 2018

Calcium-based stabilizers such as lime and cement control swell and shrinkage behavior and enhance strength properties for expansive soils through the formation of pozzolanic components. However, sulfate-bearing subgrade soils stabilized with calcium-based stabilizers might cause excessive swelling and shrinkage due to the formation of highly expansive minerals like ettringite and thaumasite. In this paper, one liquid ionic soil stabilizer (LISS) was evaluated as an alternative stabilizer used to control swelling and shrinkage behavior of expansive soils. A comprehensive laboratory experiment program including a linear shrinkage test, a one-dimensional swell test, and an unconfined compressive strength test, was designed and carried out on soils from Dallas, Texas before and after treatment. Three dosage levels of stabilizer and four different curing periods were investigated. Test results indicate that LISS is an effective stabilizing agent, which not only reduces swelling and soil plasticity but also increases soil strength. Furthermore, a similar type of LISS is utilized to treat the soil in Dallas via deep injection using a hydraulic pump. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results on the test soil showed that the stabilizing program is likely to work through clay flocculation and morphological variations in the clay particles.
The Role of Culture and Needs in the Cycling Habits of Female Immigrants from a Driving-Oriented to a Cycling-Oriented Country
Authors: Kaplan Sigal , Wrzesinska Dagmara K. , Prato Carlo G.
Published: August 2018

The enormous potential of cycling to make cities and regions more sustainable is often not realized. Given the evidence that women cycle less than men, this study looks into the cycling habits of female immigrants from driving-oriented to cycling-oriented countries in relation to the fulfillment of their needs and their immersion in their new culture. A survey measured existence, relatedness, and growth needs with Likert-type items and collected socioeconomic characteristics and travel habits of 570 female Polish immigrants who moved to established and developing cycling cultures. A hybrid bivariate ordered model captured the propensity toward habitual cycling in the adopted country and cycling intentions upon return to the home country in relation to the needs and the traits of the female immigrants. Model results suggest that the cycling habits of female immigrants are related to past travel habits, while future intentions of cycling are connected to tangible (e.g., distance) and emotional (e.g., income stigma) barriers. Relevantly, model results indicate a positive relation between cycling culture and cycling habits in terms of both culture strength and exposure, but also a negative relation between relatedness to the home country and future intentions of cycling. Lastly, model results show that cycling habits relate to the fulfillment of existence needs and even more of relatedness and growth needs. Accordingly, the key to promote cycling among female immigrants is not only to satisfy their functional needs, but also cater to their emotional and self-actualization needs.
Statistical Distributions of Pavement Damage Associated with Overweight Vehicles: Methodology and Case Study
Authors: Batioja-Alvarez Dario , Kazemi Seyed-Farzan , Hajj Elie Y. , Siddharthan Raj V. , Hand Adam J. T.
Published: August 2018

The trucking industry is the primary mode of transporting for goods and commodities in the United States. Currently, there is an increasing trend in the use of overweight (OW) vehicles on the highway network. State highway agencies (SHAs) are challenged to address this increase, particularly relative to associated pavement damage. In this study, a probabilistic method was developed to evaluate rutting and fatigue cracking damage caused by OW vehicles under different road and environmental conditions. The influential input parameters in this analysis included gross vehicle weight (GVW), axle configuration, axle weight, pavement temperature, and vehicle-miles traveled (VMT). Necessary information was obtained by analyzing more than 170,000 entries of a Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) OW permit database. The developed model was based on mechanistic-empirical (ME) approach and considered asphalt concrete (AC) viscoelastic characterization. The results of this study were distributions of AC critical responses, load equivalency factors (LEFs), and relative damage factors (RDFs). The analysis showed that load equivalent factor (LEF) distributions could be incorporated in pavement design methods to account for OW vehicles. Furthermore, the damage induced by specific OW vehicles could be assessed using the relative damage factor (RDF) concept and may be efficiently used by SHAs during the permit application process. A case study was presented illustrating the impact of an OW axle configuration on pavement damage. Finally, a method was suggested for developing RDF tables with damage ranges corresponding to different axle configurations and the GVW that could be a tool for SHAs to evaluate and understand pavement damage induced by OW vehicles.
Spatially Clustered Autonomous Vehicle Malware: Producing New Urban Geographies of Inequity
Authors: Vassallo Evan W. , Manaugh Kevin
Published: August 2018

Malicious software (malware) is both a hurdle to autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption and a serious threat to AV occupant safety. Yet, to date, the topic of how subnational transportation decision makers should handle this cybersecurity threat has been underexplored. This paper describes how malware can spread through vehicle-to-X networks and infect AVs to a non-technical planning audience. It then explains how AV malware can cluster spatially in linguistic, socioeconomic, and political enclaves of American cities. Since AVs can identify new indicators of safety imperceptible to humans, malware clusters can produce new geographies of accessibility, mobility, economic, and environmental inequity across a city. In provisioning the inherently localized technical malware prevention tools available to them, subnational transportation planners have the capacity to reproduce or overcome historical and current transportation system inequities.
Lost in Aggregation: The Geographic Distribution of Kwashiorkor in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Fitzpatrick Merry , Ghosh Shibani , Kurpad Anura , Duggan Christopher , Maxwell Daniel
Published: August 2018

Background:

Kwashiorkor is a major classification of severe acute malnutrition whose etiology remains elusive. It is estimated to affect hundreds of thousands of children annually, but no accurate global prevalence figures are available. Little is known how prevalence varies within populations, an important undocumented aspect of kwashiorkor obscured by the aggregation of prevalence or incidence of the condition across large populations and geographic areas.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of kwashiorkor in select neighboring villages of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and assess if prevalence can vary dramatically among neighboring villages.

Methods:

An anthropometric census survey evaluated 1328 children aged 12 to 59 months within all 19 villages in one health area of eastern DRC, recording all cases of kwashiorkor, diagnosed by bipedal pitting edema.

Results:

Village-level prevalence of kwashiorkor in the study area varied from 0% to 14.9%. Interviews with health services staff in the study area and across 2 provinces confirmed that current differences in prevalence reflect a long-term pattern and are a common feature of kwashiorkor throughout this region.

Conclusions:

Aggregation of kwashiorkor prevalence and incidence data across large populations or geographic regions poses several risks to understanding the epidemiology of kwashiorkor. If clustering of kwashiorkor is not taken into account, (1) nutritional crises in particular villages may go undetected; (2) the real effect of interventions may be underestimated; (3) interventions may be inappropriately targeted, leading to reduced coverage, efficacy, and cost-efficiency; and (4) important insights into the root causes of kwashiorkor may be lost.
Should I Defend or Should I Go? An Adaptive, Qualitative Examination of the Personal Costs and Benefits Associated With Bullying Intervention
Authors: Spadafora Natalie , Marini Zopito A. , Volk Anthony A.
Published: August 2018

Bystanders play a crucial role in encouraging or preventing bullying situations and feature prominently in several international antibullying programs (e.g., KiVa). Despite a surge of recent interest in bystanders, relatively little is known about the functional reasons why individuals choose to engage with or ignore bullying incidents. Given the importance of bystanders’ influence on bullying, we argue that further consideration needs to be given to the individual costs and benefits of bystanders’ intervention. Adolescents in our study ( N = 101, M = 15.37 years) read different bullying scenarios and were then asked to respond with how the bystander would react in each scenario while considering and explaining potential personal costs and benefits. We focused on the cognitive reasoning of important factors adolescents may consider when faced with the decision of whether to intervene or not in a bullying situation. Our study provides novel evidence that adolescents engage in quite explicit cost–benefit decisions regarding their decisions of whether or not they would intervene in bullying. The content and structure of these cost–benefit decisions support an adaptive model of bullying behavior and may be helpful in developing more targeted peer-based antibullying programs.
A Longitudinal Examination of Interpersonal Violence Exposure, Concern for Loved Ones During a Disaster, and Web-Based Intervention Effects on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescent Victims of the Spring 2011 Tornadoes
Authors: Gilmore Amanda K. , Price Matthew , Bountress Kaitlin E. , Zuromski Kelly L. , Ruggiero Ken , Resnick Heidi
Published: August 2018

Natural disasters are common and devastating, and can affect the mental health of adolescents. It is also common for adolescents to have histories of interpersonal violence (IPV). The current study was a secondary data analysis of a larger randomized clinical trial and examined the moderating effect of IPV history and concern for loved ones during a disaster on treatment condition effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over time among disaster-exposed adolescents. Participants ( n = 979) were recruited postdisaster to participate in a randomized clinical trial examining the efficacy of a web-based intervention, Bounce Back Now (BBN), on mental health symptoms at 4 and 12 months postintervention. It was found that adolescents with an IPV history and who had caregivers that were concerned for loved ones during a disaster had more PTSD symptoms at baseline than those without such histories. Furthermore, caregiver concern for loved ones during a disaster moderated the effect of BBN on PTSD symptoms over time. Specifically, the BBN condition was most effective for adolescents who had caregivers who were concerned for loved ones during the disaster in reductions of PTSD symptoms over time. The current study provides further evidence for the use of technology-based interventions for individuals as a means to address mental health symptoms after a traumatic event, especially among those with more severe traumatic experiences.
Impulse Control Difficulties and Hostility Toward Women as Predictors of Relationship Violence Perpetration in an Undergraduate Male Sample
Authors: Gildner Daniel J. , Kirwan Mitchell , Pickett Scott M. , Parkhill Michele R.
Published: August 2018

Relationship violence in college students continues to be an important social problem. Prior research has identified several risk factors for relationship violence including trauma exposure, impulse control difficulties, and hostility toward women; however, previous research assessing these variables has mainly focused on bivariate relationships, with little work attempting to connect multiple correlates to relationship violence while utilizing a theoretical, interactive approach. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine several correlates of relationship violence (i.e., hostility toward women, trauma exposure, and impulse control difficulties), and to examine male perpetration of relationship violence among a sample of male college students using a cross-sectional design. It was hypothesized that among men in this sample, hostility toward women and trauma exposure would moderate the relationship between impulse control difficulties and relationship violence. The findings suggested that college-aged men, who have high impulse control difficulties, high hostility toward women, and who have multiple trauma exposures, may be more likely to perpetrate relationship violence against a female intimate partner than those who are low in impulse control difficulties, report low levels of hostility toward women, or report fewer or no trauma exposures. Thus, the current study suggests that exposure to trauma predisposes men with specific attributes to relationship violence, which may provide a treatment target for future intervention programs.
The “Truly Creative” Florists: When Creativity Becomes a Gendered Privilege
Authors: Zinn Isabelle
Published: August 2018

This article addresses the question of how creativity is displayed among florists working in Switzerland, and how exactly gender plays out in this process. It investigates how the florists refer to creativity as a natural skill, according to which criteria these “creative identities” are allocated, and how gender intersects with this allocation process. Drawing on thirty-six months of ethnographic research in various occupational settings, I will examine the gendering of creativity and its unequal allocation among workers in a highly feminized occupation. This article brings to light that although the scope for creativity is first presented as equally distributed among women and men, it becomes gendered upon a closer look: male florists tend to be perceived as truly creative. The resulting inequality is important to understand in order to unveil certain underlying mechanisms at play: even in a highly feminized occupation, masculinity appears to be strongly associated with professional competence.
Factors affecting industrial coal demand in Turkey
Authors: Tatli Halim
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting industrial coal demand by using an econometric model. Industrial coal demand, both short term and long term, was examined with Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Testing by using the annual data for the years 1985–2016 in Turkey. The variables of the model established in this context include: steam and coking coal consumption in the industrial sector; the price of steam and coking coal; real income per capita; heating degree days showing the climatic conditions; and the urbanization rate. In long-term analyses, industrial coal demand was found to be negatively and significantly affected by the price of coal and heating degree days, and positively and significantly affected by income. According to Autoregressive Distributed Lag analysis, for the steam coal demand model, the long-run income and price elasticities were calculated as 2.97 and –2.33, respectively. For the coking coal demand model, income elasticity was calculated at 1.88, in the long run. The price elasticity of steam coal demand was estimated to be smaller than 1 in short-term analyses. The results indicated that coal demand has negative and positive price and income elasticities, respectively.
Moral distress in healthcare assistants: A discussion with recommendations
Authors: Rodger Daniel , Blackshaw Bruce , Young Amanda
Published: August 2018

Background:

Moral distress can be broadly described as the psychological distress that can develop in response to a morally challenging event. In the context of healthcare, its effects are well documented in the nursing profession, but there is a paucity of research exploring its relevance to healthcare assistants.

Objective:

This article aims to examine the existing research on moral distress in healthcare assistants, identity the important factors that are likely to contribute to moral distress, and propose preventative measures.

Research Design:

This is a survey of the existing literature on moral distress in healthcare assistants. It uses insights from moral distress in nursing to argue that healthcare assistants are also likely to experience moral distress in certain contexts.

Participants and Research Context:

No research participants were part of this analysis.

Ethical Considerations:

This article offers a conceptual analysis and recommendations only.

Findings:

The analysis identifies certain factors that may be particularly applicable to healthcare assistants such as powerlessness and a lack of ethical knowledge. We demonstrate that these factors contribute to moral distress.

Discussion:

Recommendations include various preventative measures such as regular reflective debriefing sessions involving healthcare assistants, nurses and other clinicians, joint workplace ethical training, and modifications to the Care Certificate. Implementation of these measures should be monitored carefully and the results published to augment our existing knowledge of moral distress in healthcare assistants.

Conclusion:

This analysis establishes the need for more research and discussion on this topic. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed recommendations.
The relationship between ethical conflict and nurses’ personal and organisational characteristics
Authors: Saberi Zahra , Shahriari Mohsen , Yazdannik Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Critical care nurses work in a complex and stressful environment with diverse norms, values, interactions, and relationships. Therefore, they inevitably experience some levels of ethical conflict.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of ethical conflict with personal and organizational characteristics among critical care nurses.

Methods:

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017 on a random sample of 216 critical care nurses. Participants were recruited through stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were a demographic and professional characteristics questionnaire, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire-Critical Care Version, and the Organizational and Managerial Factors Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 22.0).

Ethical considerations:

All participants were informed about the study’s aim and were assured that participation in and withdrawal from the study would be voluntary.

Findings:

The mean score of exposure to ethical conflict was 201.91 ± 80.38. The highest-scored conflict-inducing clinical situation was “working with professionally incompetent nurses or nurse assistants.” Married nurses, nurses with official employment, nurses with master’s degree, and nurses with the history of attending ethics education programs had significantly higher exposure to ethical conflict than the other nurses (p < 0.05). The significant predictors of exposure to ethical conflict were marital status, educational status, reward system, organizational culture, manager’s conduct, and organizational structure and regulations (p < 0.05). These predictors accounted for 37.2% of the total variance of exposure to ethical conflict.

Conclusion:

Critical care nurses experience moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. A wide range of personal and organizational factors can contribute to such exposure, the most significant of which is the professional incompetence of nursing colleagues, nurse assistants, and physicians. Therefore, many improvements at personal and organizational levels are needed to reduce critical care nurses’ exposure to ethical conflict.
Evaluation of an ELISA for metanephrines in feline urine
Authors: Srithunyarat Thanikul , Svensson Anna , Hanås Sofia , Höglund Odd V. , Hagman Ragnvi , Lilliehöök Inger , Olsson Ulf , Ljungvall Ingrid , Häggström Jens , Ström Holst Bodil , Pettersson Ann , Höglund Katja
Published: August 2018

Catecholamines can be used to evaluate neuroendocrine tumors, stress, and potentially pain, but catecholamines degrade rapidly. Their metabolites normetanephrine (NME) and metanephrine (ME) have better stability in urine. In cats, urine sampling in a home environment would be beneficial to reduce effects of clinical stress and simplify sampling. We evaluated a human urine ELISA for analysis of NME and ME in feline urine, and investigated the effects of acidification, cat tray pellets, and storage time at room temperature up to 8.5 h. In 26 feline urine samples, mean NME concentration was 192 ± 80 ng/mL, mean intra- and inter-assay CV was 6.5% and 4.2%, respectively, and spike recovery was 98–101%, but dilutional recovery was unsatisfactory. For ME, mean intra- and inter-assay CV was 10.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Mean urine ME concentration was 32.1 ± 18.3 ng/mL, close to the kit’s lowest standard, and spike recovery was 65–90%; the ELISA could not be validated for ME. The stability study, performed for NME on 12 urine samples, did not identify differences between acidified and non-acidified samples, cat tray pellets, or storage time, and no interaction effects. The ME ELISA was not suitable for feline urine; performance of the NME ELISA was acceptable, except for dilution recovery. For analysis of NME, feline urine can be sampled at home using cat tray pellets and stored at room temperature up to 8.5 h without acidification.
Cutaneous epithelioid hemangiosarcoma with granular cell differentiation in a dog: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bolfa Pompei , DellaGrotte Lusan , Weronko Teri , Armien Anibal G.
Published: August 2018

We report a case of cutaneous epithelioid hemangiosarcoma in a dog in which the majority of the neoplastic cells displayed histologic and ultrastructural features similar to those seen in granular cell tumors (GCTs). This intersection of hemangiosarcoma and granular cell change adds to the argument that GCTs are heterogeneous in histologic origin and underlines the fact that pathologists should not consider all GCTs as a single entity. The combination of histology in typical areas of the tumor with ultrastructural changes and the correct immunohistochemical markers can facilitate the accurate diagnosis of tumors with granular cell differentiation. Besides characteristic intracytoplasmic PAS-positive granules and ultrastructural proteinaceous accumulation within single membrane vesicles (presumably lysosomes and phagolysosomes), we suggest the following combination of markers for the diagnosis of granular cell angiosarcoma and/or hemangiosarcoma: vimentin positive, NSE and/or S100 negative, CD31 positive. We propose that the histologic granular appearance represents a metabolic defect of the neoplastic cells, which supports variability in cell origin for granular cell differentiation.
Stigma and Legitimacy: Two Ends of a Single Continuum or Different Continua Altogether?
Authors: Ashforth Blake E.
Published: August 2018

Hampel and Tracey and Helms, Patterson, and Hudson offer contrasting perspectives regarding whether stigma and legitimacy belong on a single continuum or different continua altogether. To clarify the high stakes involved when society stigmatizes actors, I argue that all stigmas have moral overtones and that, while stigmatization upholds systems of values, norms and ideologies, the moralizing often comes with a significant price not only for the stigmatized but for society itself. I then argue that the contrasting perspectives can be reconciled if scholars restrict the definitions of both stigma and legitimacy to group-specific judgments of specific practices or attributes. However, I ponder if the definitional precision gained by collapsing both stigma and legitimacy to the same narrow focus costs us, as scholars, more than it benefits. I close with two cautionary notes. First, scholars should avoid being seduced by society’s crass demand for simplistic labels when it comes to moral fitness and thinking that stigma and legitimacy are inherently binary states (black vs. white) rather than the continuous states (shades of gray) they usually are. Second, scholars should be wary of viewing the midpoint of a stigma or legitimacy scale as representing indifference or neutrality when it may actually represent ambivalence – a far different phenomenological experience. Rather than assessing stigma/legitimacy with a single scale that varies from positive/high to negative/low – with indifferent or neutral as the midpoint – scholars should consider assessing them with dual scales for legitimacy and illegitimacy or stigmatized and non-stigmatized.
Introduction: A Dialog on Stigma Versus Legitimacy, and How They Relate to Organizations and Their Actors
Authors: Patterson Karen D. W. , Hudson Bryant Ashley , Helms Wesley S.
Published: August 2018

Recently, stigma research has reached an important threshold in management literature. With an increasing number of publications on the topic of stigma and related social evaluations, researchers run the risk of convoluting disparate concepts. At the same time, examining different components of a singular social evaluation can result in unique contributions that might be overlooked if not thoroughly unpacked. This dialogue presents two differing perspectives on the social evaluations of stigma and legitimacy. The authors discuss the merit of examining stigma as its own distinct construct and as a component of moral evaluation. The authors engage previous research to provide insights on the origins, antecedents, outcomes, processes and consequences of stigma from two different perspectives. Finally, established stigma researchers provide insight into the debate, drawing on previous research as well as their own foundational work.
Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Russak Edward M. , Bednarczyk Edward M.
Published: August 2018

Objective: Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine (Austedo, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd) is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools. Data Sources: A search of the MEDLINE (1946 to present) database was undertaken using the Ovid interface. The search was conducted using the heading deuterium and then limited to Administration & Dosage, Adverse Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Poisoning, Therapeutic Use, and Toxicity. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles were reviewed and those with human information were included. Review articles were likewise interrogated for additional published human data. Conclusions: Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
The Reciprocal Effects Between Political Interest and TV News Revisited: Evidence From Four Panel Surveys
Authors: Strömbäck Jesper , Shehata Adam
Published: August 2018

Although research shows that there is a correlation between political interest and news media use, whether there are reciprocal effects between political interest and news media use remain unsettled. To remedy this and go beyond previous research, this study seeks to investigate the reciprocal relationship between political interest and TV news use (a) across elections, (b) across election periods and a nonelection period, and (c) comparing public service and commercial TV news. Using four representative panel surveys, findings show that there is a reciprocal relationship between political interest and watching public service but not commercial TV news.