bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dijitalleşen Sanatın Özgünlüğü: NFT Teknolojisinin Kültürel Katkıları
Authors: Tulan Zeynep Ece
Published: October 2024

Bilgi sistemlerinin ve kitle iletişim araçlarının teknolojik dönüşümü, dijital çağın önemli bir parçası olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. 21. yüzyılda, internetin ve bilgisayar teknolojilerinin gelişimi, bilgi sistemlerini sanal ortama taşımış ve modern hayatın pek çok alanında değişim yaratmıştır. Bu dönüşüm, kitle iletişim araçlarının evrimini hızlandırmış ve farklı disiplinler arasında yakınlaşmayı sağlamıştır. Sanat da bu değişimden etkilenmiş, dijital teknolojilerle yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Dijitalleşmenin sunduğu olanaklar sayesinde sanat eserleri, coğrafi sınırlamaları aşarak geniş kitlelerle anlık iletişim kurabilmektedir. İnternet aracılığıyla dolaşıma giren dijital eserler, teknik olanaklar sayesinde tekrar üretilebilir ve ticari ekosistemler oluşturulabilir. Bu bağlamda, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) teknolojisi, dijital sanatın özgünlüğünü ve sahipliğini garanti altına alarak sanatın dijital dünyadaki yerini sağlamlaştırmaktadır. NFT'ler, sanat eserlerinin dijital ortamda değerli birer varlık olarak kabul edilmesini sağlar ve sanatın ticaretini kolaylaştırır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NFT teknolojisi ile üretilen sanat eserlerinin dijital kültüre katkısını incelemektir. Çalışmanın temel sorusu NFT teknolojisi ile üretilen sanat eserlerinin dijital kültüre ne ölçüde katkı sağladığıdır. Seçmece yöntemle belirlenen içerik analizi ile araştırılmış olan bu çalışma, dijitalleşen sanat medyumlarının kültürel etkinliğini sorgulayarak literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Dijitalleşme ve teknolojinin her geçen gün gelişmeye devam etmesi, bu çalışmada yapılan araştırmaların ve parametlerin (ulaşılabilirlik vb. durumlar nedeni ile hedef kitlelerin değişmesi ve satış oranlarının etkilenmesi) değişebilmesi durumu bu çalışmanın sınırlıklarıdır. NFT teknolojisinin sanat üzerindeki etkileri ve dijital kültürdeki rolü, sanatın geleceği ve dijitalleşmenin sanatsal üretim üzerindeki etkileri hakkında derinlemesine bilgi sunacaktır.
Pendampingan Nilai-Nilai Religius dan Moral Anak di Desa Sekualan Melalui Festival Sholehah dengan Pendekatan PAR
Authors: Rizky Wifa Fara Alvisya , Rahmi Mulia , Marzuki Marzuki , Hartanti Sela
Published: October 2024

Program pendampingan nilai-nilai religius dan moral anak di Desa Sekualan melalui pendekatan Participative Action Research (PAR) bertujuan untuk membentuk karakter anak sholeh dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai religious, menumbuh kembangkan minat dan bakat dalam bidang agama, meningkatkan semangat anak-anak dalam belajar agama serta menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri dalam diri anak. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah pembekalan, pelatihan dan praktek. Hasil dari program festival anak sholeh ini adalah anak-anak Desa Sekualan lebih bersemangat dalam mempelajari Agama Islam, kemudian anak-anak Desa Sekualan juga lebih berani untuk menunjukkan bakat serta rasa percaya dirinya meningkat setelah mengikuti program festival anak sholeh
Unveiling Challenges and Gaps in Climate Finance in Conflict
Authors: Meijer Karen , Ahmad Abeer S.
Published: October 2024

This SIPRI Insights addresses challenges related to climate finance distribution in conflict-affected countries, where vulnerabilities to climate change are significantly exacerbated. Conflict reduces the ability of populations to adapt, making effective climate finance even more critical. Despite increasing global climate finance commitments, conflict-affected countries consistently receive disproportionately low amounts of per capita climate adaptation official development assistance (ODA) compared to non-conflict-affected countries with similar income levels and climate vulnerabilities. The paper’s analysis, covering both bilateral and multilateral ODA flows between 2015 and 2021, highlights significant disparities in per capita climate adaptation funding. For example, small island developing states receive over US$100 per capita annually, while many conflict-affected countries receive less than $1. Methodological challenges such as unallocated funds and limited data transparency limit accurate assessments. The paper highlights the need for improved transparency, equitable redistribution of funds and stronger donor–recipient coordination to ensure climate finance reaches the most vulnerable populations, especially in conflict settings.
Green Synthesis of Chrysanthemum morifolium Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Leong Lai Mun , Ong Ghim Hock , Loh Khye Er
Published: October 2024

The increasing prevalence of microbial infections and antibiotic resistance has sparked interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as effective antimicrobial agents. The current study seeks to optimize the synthesis of AgNPs using Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM) extract and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Maximum synthesis of CM-AgNPs was achieved using 10 mM of AgNO3 and 20 mg/mL of CM extract at a 6:4 ratio and 3 hr of incubation period at pH 11 and 40°C. The Chrysanthemum morifolium-synthesized silver nanoparticles (CM-AgNPs) displayed a spherical shape, with sizes ranging from 12 to 34 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Pseudomonas mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.0117, 0.0117, 0.0031, and 0.100 mg/mL, respectively. CM-AgNPs demonstrated notable antibiofilm activity of 49.26%, 87.31%, and 66.23% against P. mirabilis, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. These results indicate that CM-AgNPs possess antibacterial properties and hold promise as antimicrobial agents.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Its Relationship with Diet Quality Among Malaysian Young Adults
Authors: Ali Asma' , Ding Natalie Xinyee , Zakaria Noor Salihah , Kamarudin Khairil Shazmin , Mohamed Hamid Jan Jan , Zainuddin Ahmad Ali , Yusof Hayati Mohd
Published: October 2024

The global rise in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption presents potential public health challenges. UPFs, laden with additives and extensively marketed, are increasingly prevalent in modern diets. However, there is limited research on UPF consumption among Malaysian young adults, particularly its relationship with diet quality. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between UPF consumption and diet quality among 177 young adults aged 18 to 29 years from Terengganu, Johor, and Perak. A two-day 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess UPF intake, classified by the NOVA system, while diet quality was evaluated using the Standardised-Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (S-MHEI). The S-MHEI was adopted with the scores for each food group (adequacy component) calculated according to the recommended servings per food group expressed per 1,000 kcaL. Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation, were conducted using SPSS version 25 to determine the relationship between UPF consumption and diet quality with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The median total energy intake was 1,417 kcaL (IQR=735.38), with UPFs contributing 38.6% of this intake. The median S-MHEI score was 44.65 (IQR=12.77), indicating that 74.6% of participants had poor diet quality. Statistical analysis found no significant relationship between UPF consumption and diet quality (p=0.395). Although no significant association was found, this study lays the groundwork for further research on nutrition and health among Malaysian young adults.
Forecasting Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Landing in Sarawak Using Grey Model
Authors: Shakawi Abang Mohammad Hudzaifah Abang , Shabri Ani , Hassan Ruhana
Published: October 2024

Green sea turtles, known scientifically as Chelonia mydas, prefer to nest on specific sandy beaches in Sarawak, particularly within the Sarawak Turtle Islands (STI). The number of turtles landing, among other variables (number of eggs collected, eggs incubated, and eggs hatched) is an important element in assessing the population size in Sarawak. However, modeling and predicting the number of turtles landing presents challenges due to limited data availability, resulting in less accurate forecasts for medium and long-term periods. To overcome this problem, this study presents a Grey Model (GM) approach, leveraging its capacity to effectively model systems with limited data, irregular patterns, and a lack of prior knowledge. Using data from 1949 to 2016, GM (1,1) was found to be the most suitable model for the given dataset, exhibiting the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as compared to other statistical models such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Exponential Smoothing. The model also suggested that the current conditions will likely increase turtle landings. This approach will find useful applications in evaluating the conservation status of the species.
Effect of Cooking Method on The Physicochemical Properties of Tomatoes
Authors: Teh Arnida Hani , Ting Teo Wan
Published: October 2024

The cooking process influences the chemical and physical changes in food due to the increase in temperature. It also alters the appearance, taste, color, and texture of food either positively or negatively. Therefore, this study was done to determine the effect of cooking methods on the physicochemical properties and the retention of antioxidant content in tomatoes. The cooking conditions used were boiling at 100°C for 6 min, frying at 230°C for 4.5 min, baking at 175°C for 25 min, and cooking with an air fryer at 200°C for 15 min. Physicochemical characteristics (cooking loss, ash, crude fiber, firmness, color, pH value & total soluble solids) were measured. Antioxidant properties (antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, lycopene content, and ascorbic acid content) were also determined. There were significant differences (p<0.05) for ash, color, pH value, and total soluble solid, while no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed for cooking loss, crude fiber, and firmness. Different cooking methods had shown a significant difference (p<0.05) against all tests for determining antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, lycopene content, and ascorbic acid content. Air frying is the best cooking method to preserve the physicochemical properties of tomatoes, compared to other methods employed. Hence, it can be concluded that different cooking methods have different effects on the physicochemical properties of tomatoes.
From Zebrafish To Humans: In Silico Comparative Study of RAD50 Sequences
Authors: Khalili Nahid , Najm Ahmed , Mahmood Ibrahim , Law Douglas , Ng Chyan Leong , Azfaralariff Ahmad , Fazry Shazrul
Published: October 2024

DNA damage, particularly the occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), presents a significant hazard to the integrity and viability of cells. Improper repair of DSBs can result in chromosomal alterations, oncogenic changes, or cell demise. The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex plays a crucial role in DNA repair and signaling under the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase regulation. In this study, we employed comprehensive computational techniques to analyze the structure of RAD50 in Danio rerio (Zebrafish), utilized as a model organism. Additionally, we conducted in silico assessments of RAD50 from both Zebrafish and humans, comparing their characteristics. The substantial sequence resemblance between DrRAD50 and HsRAD50 suggests that DrRAD50 could potentially serve as a valuable model for HsRAD50. However, it is important to acknowledge that sequence similarity alone does not necessarily imply functional equivalence. Further functional studies are needed to confirm the extent of their functional similarities. By examining the secondary and tertiary protein structures of RAD50, we observed a notable likeness between Zebrafish and Human RAD50 proteins. In silico analysis demonstrated that the sequence of RAD50 in zebrafish shares 70% similarity with the human RAD50 protein.
Effect of Silver Nitrate and Silver Thiosulphate on In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Australian Pink Finger Lime (Citrus australasica cv. Mia Rose)
Authors: Wong Stephanie Qiao Er , Subramaniam Sreeramanan , Chew Bee Lynn
Published: October 2024

Citrus australasica, commonly known as the finger lime, is a distinctive fruit indigenous to the coastal rainforest of Australia. It is renowned for its unique appearance, tangy flavor, and multiple medicinal properties. Additionally, its unique caviar-like pulp has garnered significant attention in the culinary industry. Conventional propagation of C. australasica is challenged by incompatibility issues during grafting and budding, its monoembryonic nature, and the lengthy time required to flower and bear fruits. Micropropagation on the other hand is an efficient alternative to conventional propagation for various commercial crops including citruses. However, the issue of leaf abscission was previously observed in C. australasica cultures, which has resulted in reduced shoot viability. The current study aimed to determine the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver thiosulphate (STS) on in vitro shoot regeneration of C. australasica cv. Mia Rose. Nodal explants were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with AgNO3 at 2.00, 4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 mg/L and STS at 10.00, 20.00, 40.00, 60.00 and 80.00 µM in combination with 2.00 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Results demonstrated that 4.00 mg/L AgNO3 resulted in the highest shoot number and length (2.65 ± 0.18 and 0.27 ± 0.03 cm respectively), while treatment with 10.00 µM STS resulted in the highest number of shoots and shoot length (2.36 ±0.19 and 0.32 ± 0.04 cm respectively). No leaf abscission was observed for all treatments of AgNO3 and STS after eight weeks of culture. This study underscored the efficacy of AgNO3 and STS as potent ethylene antagonists in shoot cultures of C. australasica cv. Mia Rose, suggesting their potential utilization in the micropropagation of the finger lime species.
Effects Of 2,4-D, BAP, and Sucrose Concentrations in The Callus Induction of White (Clitoria ternatea var. Albiflora) and Blue Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea)
Authors: Zakaria Tengku Nurul Amira Aqma Tengku , Tan Hui Shi , Hassan Zurina , Subramaniam Sreeramanan , Chew Bee Lynn
Published: October 2024

The blue butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) and white butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea var. Albiflora) belong to the Fabaceae family. Both are locally known as “bunga telang” and native to the Southeast Asian regions. The blue flowered variety is traditionally used to treat headaches, fever, and diabetes and is renowned scientifically for its memory-enhancing properties due to the presence of novel pentacyclic triterpenoids. However, farming of C. ternatea is challenged by inconsistent yields of novel secondary metabolites, especially under changing environmental conditions. Callus and cell suspension cultures, on the other hand, offer an alternative for the consistent production of these metabolites. The current study aims to optimize the treatments of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and sucrose concentrations for friable callus formation from seedling explants. Sterile cotyledon explants of in vitro seedlings from both types of butterfly pea were subjected to half-strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BAP, with sucrose at 15 g/L and 30 g/L. The highest friable callus fresh weight from the white butterfly pea explants (0.064 ± 0.010 g) was achieved in treatments of 0.40 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.50 mg/L BAP. In contrast, the highest fresh weight of friable callus for the blue variety (0.025 ± 0.016 g) was induced in 0.25 mg/L of 2,4-D. Both varieties showed the highest friable callus weight in 15 g/L sucrose supplemented with 1.00 mg/L of 2,4-D (0.146 ± 0.032 g) and 0.25 mg/L of 2,4-D (0.245 ± 0.075 g) for the white and blue variety respectively. The morphology of calli for both varieties were yellowish, watery, and sticky. This study provides an essential basis the establishment of cell suspension cultures, as an efficient alternative to harness the secondary metabolites associated with the mammalian neuroprotective properties.
Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Protein Aqueous Extract Affects Viral Entry, Virucidal Activity, and Progeny Release
Authors: Ismaeel Mahmud Yusef Yusef , Yip Chee Wai , Md Nor Norefrina Shafinaz , Ibrahim Nazlina
Published: October 2024

Presence of acyclovir (ACV) resistant virus posed a major problem in treating virus infection. Alternative treatment with the ability to encounter infection of acyclovir-resistant virus is thus needed and possibly with a different mode of action from ACV. Hence, this study evaluates the antiviral effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit protein aqueous extract (PMFPAE) against three different strains of human herpesvirus type-1 (HHV-1) including a clinical strain, a less pathogenic strain (KOS-1), and acyclovir (ACV) resistant mutant (UKM-1). PMFPAE displayed antiviral activity towards all the HHV-1 strains when post-treated with high selective indices (SIs) of 80.6, 50, and 35, respectively. Plaque reduction percentages were reduced in attachment and penetration assays following treatment with PMFPAE indicating the ability to deactivate the early phases of the HHV-1 replication cycle. The virucidal activity was also noted following treatment of the virus with PMFPAE and this is supported by damages to the virus envelope as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Incubation of virus-treated cells with PMFPAE for 24 hr, reduced progeny release in a dose-dependent manner. The study confirms the antiviral mode of action of P. macrocarpa fruit against HHV-1 strains and the ACV-mutant strain includes inhibition during virus entry represented as the early stages of viral replication, virucidal activity, and interfering with progeny release. PMFPAE mode of action is hence different from ACV and worthy for the development of future antiviral drugs.
Oryza sativa Stress Associated Protein (OsSAP) Promoter Modulates Gene Expression in Response To Abiotic Stress by Utilizing Cis Regulatory Elements Within The Promoter Region
Authors: Hazbir Nur Aminah Mohd , Japlus Khairun Nisha , Mohammad-Sidik Amirah , Lam Su Datt , Md Isa Nurulhikma
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of extreme weather patterns induced by climate change has resulted in abiotic stress problems impacting the growth and productivity of plants. Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food source for most Asians, is similarly affected by these challenges. Previous studies have identified the Oryza sativa Stress Associated Protein (OsSAP) genes to play a significant role in responding to abiotic stress. Among the 18 Stress Associated Protein members, OsSAP4 was highly expressed during drought and salinity conditions. Therefore, further experiments have been conducted, focusing specifically on the promoter region, to comprehend its regulation in response to abiotic stresses. Various types of cis-elements binding sites have been identified within the OsSAP4 promoter, encompassing MYB, CAMTA, CPP, C3H, HDZIP, bZIP, WRKY, and ERF. However, promoter analysis revealed that the distribution of the Cis-Regulatory elements bound by the Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) was the most prominent in the OsSAP4 promoter. Consequently, an analysis of promoter regulation was conducted using GUS reporter in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) on two different sizes of OsSAP4 promoter sequences, each containing different quantities of ERF transcription factor binding sites. A noticeable difference in GUS staining activity was observed between pOsSAP4(1524 pb)::GUS and pOsSAP4(460 pb)::GUS, where pOsSAP4(1524 pb)::GUS exhibited higher GUS staining activity than pOsSAP4(460 pb)::GUS. The differences in GUS staining analysis are evident at the vegetative stage (leaf), silique, and inflorescence stages. This implies the participation of various other cis-element binding sites that influence the expression pattern of the OsSAP4 promoter during abiotic stress.
Metabolomic Fingerprints: Seasonal and Farm-Specific Differences in Heterotrigona itama Bee Bread
Authors: Ng Shin Siong , Kamal Nurkhalida , Wan Kiew-Lian , Hazmi Izfa Riza , Yusof Nurul Yuziana Mohd , Bakar Mohd Faizal Abu , Jaapar Mohd Fahimee , Sulaiman Norela , Sairi Fareed
Published: October 2024

Stingless bees’ products such as honey and bee bread are beneficial to human health. However, the metabolite composition within the products may differ according to spatial and temporal factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of spatial and temporal factors on the significant metabolite composition present in Heterotrigona itama bee bread collected from different seasons and types of bee farms. Thus, tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) based metabolomics analysis was used to achieve the said goal, focusing on H. itama bee bread samples, followed by multivariate analysis using the MetaboAnalyst platform. Our findings revealed significant metabolites that set bee bread samples apart. In terms of temporal factors, the analysis highlights specific metabolites exclusive to the wet season, such as flavones and flavonoids. However, in contrast, during the wet season, there are no significant metabolites in herbal farm samples. The results also underscore the significance of phenolic compounds in wet season samples and as vital metabolites distinguishing the groups. This study highlights a total of 24 annotated significant metabolites identified in different bee bread samples, as well as their capacity to differentiate between seasons and bee farms. Notably, these results suggest a wide variety of potential plant families as a source of bee bread. These findings shed light on the impact of seasons and diverse plant families contributing to bee bread composition, which may impact the growing meliponiculture industry greatly.
Profiling The Growth Conditions and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) Tolerance of Phenoliferia glacialis USM-PSY62
Authors: Azman Ain Nur Afifah , Kamaruddin Shazilah , Quay Doris Huai Xia , Bakar Farah Diba Abu , Hashim Noor Haza Fazlin , Murad Abdul Munir Abdul , Bharudin Izwan
Published: October 2024

Antarctica is characterized by extreme cold, isolated, and unique ecosystems. Nevertheless, Antarctica harbors diverse species of microorganisms, particularly in its ice-covered lakes and subglacial environments. These microorganisms have special adaptations to extreme cold and low-nutrient conditions. Some extremophiles, like psychrophiles can thrive in these harsh environments. Phenoliferia glacialis USM-PSY62, previously identified as Rhodotorula sp. USM-PSY62 is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from the ice brine of Antarctica. However, there is very little information on this psychrophilic yeast. This study aims to characterize the P. glacialis USM-PSY62 through the identification of the optimum growth parameters in different media (Yeast Peptone Dextrose, YPD & Yeast Malt, YM), temperature (4°C, 15°C, 20°C) and pH (6, 7, 8, 9) as well as their ability in carbon assimilation and extracellular enzyme production. It has an optimal growth in YPD compared to YM broth media. P. glacialis USM-PSY62 grows optimally at 15°C and pH 7.0. This Antarctic yeast enters the stationary phase on day six of incubation under optimum conditions. It appeared mainly as elongated-shape and oval-shaped with budding formation and was found to produce extracellular enzymes such as protease and amylase in the presence of 2% glucose concentration in YM media. P. glacialis USM-PSY62 also can assimilate various types of carbon sources including raffinose, arabinose, and maltose. Interestingly, the psychrophilic yeast presented growth in media supplemented with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorophenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). These preliminary findings suggest that P. glacialis USM-PSY62 has tremendous potential for bioremediation application in polluted cold regions, as well as deepening our knowledge of its optimal growth conditions.
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Spasticity Management in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amatya Bhasker , Khan Fary , Song Krystal , Galea Mary
Published: October 2024

This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the management of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). A comprehensive literature search in health science databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINHAL) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (up to April 2024). Manual searching in journals and screening of the reference lists of identified studies were conducted. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed the methodological quality, and summarized the evidence. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to the methodological, clinical, and statistical diversity of the included studies. Overall, 32 RCTs (n=1,481 participants) investigated various types of non-pharmacological interventions including: physical activity, transcranial magnetic stimulation (intermittent theta burst stimulation [iTBS], repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS]), electromagnetic therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibration therapy, shock wave therapy, self-management educational programs, and acupuncture. All studies scored ‘low’ on the methodological quality assessment, implying a high risk of bias. The findings suggest ‘moderate to low certainty’ evidence for physical activity programs used in isolation or combination with other interventions (pharmacological or non-pharmacological), and for iTBS/rTMS with or without adjuvant exercise therapy in improving spasticity in adults with MS. There is ‘very low certainty’ evidence supporting the use of other modalities for treating spasticity in this population. Despite a wide range of non-pharmacological interventions used for the management of spasticity in pwMS, there is a lack of conclusive evidence for many. More robust trials with larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-ups are needed to build evidence for these interventions.
Space-time Connections With Inertial Masses of Ordinary and Novel Particles and Deducing Some Limiting Velocities From Maximal Particle Velocities
Authors: Soln Josip
Published: October 2024

The increasing number of physical phenomena, such as the Dark Matter, as well as the difficulties to understand the
enormous distances in the Universe, encourages one to formulate matter description that goes beyond the Standard Model.
Here we present the description of ordinary and novel (some as Dark Matter) particles through the bicubic equation
limiting velocity solutions, globally denoted as, c1, c2 and c3, (primary, secondary and tertiary). These solutions depend
on the congruent parameter z = 3
√
3mv2/2E which connect them to m, v, and E , respectively being particle mass,
velocity and energy. When the bicubic equation discriminant D and z satisfy D ≤ 0, z2 ≤ 1, the limiting velocities
describe ordinary particles (electron, neutrino, etc.) and when D ⪰ 0, z2 ⪰ 1 limiting velocities describe the novel (some
as Dark Matter), yet to be directly observed particles. At z = 1 ordinary particles with c1, c2 and c3 (primary, secondary
and tertiary) transit from, z2 ≤ 1 into novel (some as Dark Matter) patrticles, z2 ⪰ 1 with the same values at z = 1 for
novel particle limiting velocities Rc1, Rc2 and c3 (primary, secondary and tertiary).The ordinary tertiary particle limiting
velocity c3 and novel primary plus secondary particle limiting velocities Rc1 and Rc2 are convenient to be deduced from
maximum particle velocities. The velocity of the neutrino with v = c is a good example for c3 = c,while, with the
assumption that a novel particle maximum velocity is, say, v = c•, which leads to Rc1 and Rc2 = c• . Hopefully, it
may turn out that also c• = c. An example of a lethargic low energy novel particle appears to be a good candidate for
gravitational Dark Matter particle.
Time, Uncertainty and Graviton Emission
Authors: Christensen Jr. Walter
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to consider the external and internal periods of an energized graviton. The external period of any such graviton is given by the constant value of: , a number integral to the Euler identity. The internal period of a graviton, however, is not constant. Instead it is calculated to be: . Where  is the sum of two integers related to the amount of energy absorbed by a graviton. Because gravitons oscillate internally, it indicates string theory may be applied, to provide a deeper insight into the world of gravitons.
Property of Tensor Satisfying Binary Law 5
Authors: Ichidayama Koji
Published: October 2024

I have already reported "Property of Tensor Satisfying Binary Law 4". This article is the article that I revise contents of "Property of Tensor Satisfying Binary Law 4", and increased the report about new characteristics. I reported the establishment of M=ϵm as a hypothesis in Hypothesis1. I report proof of the establishment of M=ϵm using establishment of Definision11 in this article.
Coherence Relations and Niche Establishment in Applied Linguistics PhD Thesis Introductions
Authors: Alahmad Ghada
Published: October 2024

This study explores how PhD students of applied linguistics relate sentences to be coherent in the process of realizing a communicative move of the PhD thesis introduction genre called Move 2 or “establishing a niche” (Swales, 1990). The analyzed data includes 300 excerpts extracted from 300 thesis introductions, each consisting of sentences used by the thesis writer to establish their research niche. The “Create A Research Space” model (Swales, 1990) was used to identify sentences used to establish a niche, and rhetorical structure theory (Mann & Thompson, 1988) was used to analyze how these sentences are related to each other in this process. The study sought to identify the types of coherence relations utilized to realize Move 2 and the frequency with which they occur. The findings revealed that the use of coherence relations varied across the different rhetorical steps. In Step 1B (Indicating a gap), Elaboration was the most common, followed by Contrast and Concession. For Step 1C (Question-raising), Elaboration was again the most common, followed by the List relation. In Step 1D (Continuing a tradition), Contrast, Elaboration and Motivation were frequently used. These findings may have implications for teaching academic writing to PhD students and for the ways novice researchers use to situate their work within the existing literature.
Direct implementation of AI-Based Facial Recognition for ITSI students
Authors: Prayogi Andi , Navea Roy Francis , Dian Rahmad , Pane Muhammad Akbar Syahbana , Siregar Ratu Mutiara , Sugianto Raden Aris , Simbolon Hasanal Fachri Satia
Published: October 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based facial recognition technology has become a significant research topic in the field of computing and security. At the Indonesian Palm Oil Institute (ITSI), AI-based facial recognition is introduced to students to improve their skills in developing AI-based applications. This study aims to implement and test a facial recognition system using a Python program by utilizing a dataset generated independently. This research method involves several stages, namely collecting ITSI students' facial data, data processing, creating a facial recognition model using a machine learning algorithm, and evaluating model performance. The dataset used was developed through a live shooting session involving active student participation. The facial recognition model was trained using a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm that was optimized to improve accuracy. The results of the study showed that the developed model was able to achieve high facial recognition accuracy, with an average accuracy rate of 92%. The discussion includes an analysis of factors that affect accuracy, such as variations in lighting and shooting angles, as well as the potential use of this technology in a campus environment, including for attendance and security purposes. The conclusion of this study shows that the implementation of AI-based facial recognition can be effectively applied in an academic environment, as well as providing students with practical experience in developing and testing AI applications. This study also opens up opportunities for further research on improving the performance of facial recognition systems and their application in various real-world scenarios.
Innovative Integration of Computer Network Technology in Modern Educational Systems
Authors: Sain Zohaib Hassan , Loupias Henry H , Susanti Rini Ayu , Serban Razvan , Thelma Chanda Chansa
Published: October 2024

A novel educational system has been developed using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) algorithm to address the limitations of traditional classroom environments, which often rely on standardized material and fixed teaching methods. This research assesses recent advancements in interactive intelligent education systems by combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) with interactive teaching methods. A model based on cognitive functions is constructed using the RBF algorithm to personalize instructional approaches and foster a self-directed learning platform. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, developing an Education Intelligent System (EIS) using AI-driven cognitive modelling, and the implementation of the RBF algorithm within a neural network architecture. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through empirical methods, including extensive data analysis and continuous refinement based on student performance feedback. Additionally, a network topology model is designed to enhance the system's adaptability for different roles within the educational framework. The results show significant improvements in instructional effectiveness, learner engagement, and personalized learning experiences. This research demonstrates that AI and interactive technologies can revolutionize conventional educational methods, enhance learner proficiency, and cultivate a more dynamic and engaging learning environment. Future work aims to improve the system's user interface and analyze larger datasets to refine the AI algorithms further.
VERBA MU’TAL DALAM BAHASA ARAB KAJIAN ILMU SHARAF
Authors: Hamza Pansuri  , Yarno Eko Saputro
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang verba mu’tal dalam bahasa Arab, yang terdiri macam yaitu: Mitsal (mu’tal fa’), Ajwaf (mu’tal ‘ain), Naqis (mu’tal lam), Lafif Mafruq dan Lafif Maqrun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan menganalisis kamus Mu’jam Wasith sebagai sumber datanya, masing-masing sumber ini di pilah menjadi lima pembagian verba mu’tal yang dianalisis dalam penashrifannya. Tashrif ini mempermudah para peminat bahasa Arab dalam memahami pola Tashrif Fi’il Mu’tal.
 
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Rancangan Aplikasi Stroke RSUDZA-USK
Authors: Gazali Syahrul , Melda Fitria  , Junaidi
Published: October 2024

Angka kejadian stroke di Provinsi Aceh semakin meningkat setiap tahun nya. Dalam hal ini kasus stroke masih memiliki angka kesakitan, kecacatan dan kematian yang tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi angka kejadian stroke yang terus meningkat adalah kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang bagaimana gejala dini serangan stroke serta penanganan yang cepat dan tepat terhadap penyakit stroke tersebut sehingga seringkali pasien tidak mendapatkan tata laksana yang cepat dan tepat yang kemudian dapat berakibat fatal terhadap kondisi pasien tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menciptakan aplikasi berbasis android yang diberi nama “Rancangan Aplikasi Stroke RSUDZA-USK” yang dapat melakukan diagnosis potensi seseorang mengalami stroke dan hasil diagnosis berupa suatu pernyataan atau kesimpulan potensi pasien mengalami stroke. Penggunaan aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat meningkatkan kecepatan kunjungan pasien dengan gejala stroke ke Rumah Sakit dengan onset stroke akut < 4,5 jam sehingga penanganan di Rumah Sakit secara cepat dan tepat dapat tercapai. Metode yang digunakan adalah Sistem Pakar, blackbox dan User Acceptance Test (UAT). Pada sistem pakar dan metode blackbox didapatkan hasil bahwa semua fitur maupun fungsi dari sistem berjalan sesuai dengan rancangan aplikasi. Pada metode UAT yang dilakukan pada 100 responden dari tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat umum didapatkan hasil bahwa aplikasi ini memiliki tampilan yang menarik, menu diagnosis yang terdapat pada sistem aplikasi bermanfaat, informasi gejala penyakit mudah dipahami dan informatif, setuju jika aplikasi dipublikasikan ke dalam Playstore dan aplikasi stroke ini mudah digunakan.
IMPACT OF BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE ON RISK PERCEPTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR, AND FINANCIAL DECISIONS OF MOROCCAN INVESTORS
Authors: El Ghmari Omar , El Ghmari Imad , Trid Sabah , M'hamdi Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with behavioural finance as a stream of finance challenging the principles of classical finance by adding psychology to the reasons that could explain observed anomalies within financial markets and which, at the same time, are caused by real human behaviour. The aim of this paper is to explore investors' behavioural, biases and their disturbances of rationality, focusing mostly on the factors of loss aversion, cultural influences, and overconfidence, and how these elements influence investment decisions.It is based on empirical data and behavioural experiments, which help to show how such biases deviate from efficient market theories; this work also tests some methods that can mitigate these negative effects, therefore providing insights on how to integrate the teaching of behavioural finance more effectively into the decision-making process of investors and experts within finance. Precisely, this work is aimed at attempting to provide a model of psychological behaviour for Moroccan investors, based on an investigation carried out in the field among 93 regular investors in the Casablanca Stock Exchange.The main findings of the study underline how behavioural biases deviate from predictions by efficient market theories. This paper has only focused on the specific context of Moroccan investors, yet giving insight into how psychological factors impact investment decisions through new insights into life where these financial behaviours take place.There is, hence, uniqueness to the research through the theoretical and practical approaches integrated therein, with the use of empirical data and behavioural experiments that sustain the discussion on behavioural finance. Presenting the case of Moroccan investors adds a significant contribution to proposing a context-specific model, which may bring important implications for financial decision-making within the region.
DOMINANTS FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIES’ COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Nepytaliuk Anton , Osipova Larisa , Krasnyak Olena , Kulhanik Oksana , Poliakov Mykhailo , Kryvonos Dmytro
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to innovation as a prerequisite for the national economies' sustainable development and a domain for their global competitiveness. The paper aims to highlight the internal essence of mutual relations between innovation, competition, and economic growth. It was assumed that innovation positively affected the competitive behaviour of economic agents and eventually contributed to an increase in public welfare. Regarding the period from 2007 to 2022, we considered the sample of Central European countries and the Baltic states. Theoretical generalization has been applied to systematize the factors determining competition and innovation. We used statistical methods and comparative analysis to investigate the indicators' dynamics. The interdependencies between macroeconomic dynamics and a set of competition and innovation indicators have been assessed. It was proved that the proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in the total value added of manufacturing was quite important, yet not the ultimate criterion for ensuring high growth rates and sustainable development. The dynamics of commercial spending on research and development had been ambiguous and unsustainable. To ensure strategic competitiveness, national governments should encourage innovation in their respective business communities. The sampled economies have been examined considering a set of innovation and competition indicators (e.g., gross capital formation, research and development expenditures, logistics performance, export technological structure, carbon dioxide emission, and renewable energy consumption). Considering the implications of globalization, tax burden as an integral characteristic of the national economy's competitiveness has been evaluated as well. It was pointed out that: a) a stable, understandable and transparent tax policy should be implemented to protect the investors' property rights; b) a system of total anti-corruption measures aimed at preventing the practices of receiving undue benefits should be set; and c) the business sector should improve own environmental and social responsibility complexly, introduce resource-saving, green and circular economy.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FIRM LIFE CYCLE AND THE COST OF EQUITY: EVIDENCE FROM BANKS IN IRAQ
Authors: Naji Ali Maher , Al-Shiblawi Ghazwan Ayad Khalid , Wahhab Asaad , Hameedi Karrar Saleem
Published: October 2024

The present study seeks to examine the interaction among three separate variables. The initial variable relates to the organization's life cycle and financial attributes. The second variable pertains to the procedures of firm management that influence performance and financial condition, as demonstrated by earnings management. Investors manage the impact of the previous two factors by weighing the risks and potential gains, which the corporation terms as "the cost of equity." We utilized these variables to analyze 15 Iraqi commercial banks that have been listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for 10 years, equivalent to 150 observations.Our quantitative assessment of the study variables, conducted using models from the relevant literature, has yielded significant findings. We have uncovered a direct correlation between the life cycle and earnings management, indicating a beneficial association. Moreover, we have revealed that each factor exerts a unique and favourable influence on the cost of equity. The correlation between the life cycle and earnings management has led to an increase in the favourable influence of earnings management on the cost of equity. Conversely, the life cycle now has an inverse impact on the cost of equity, with the cost of equity being mainly influenced by the maturity stage. These findings have important implications for stock market traders, as they guide them to direct their investments towards banks that offer higher returns relative to the level of risk, considering the age group and the administration's approach to managing announced profits. This study's implications for stock market traders are significant, as it provides them with valuable insights for making informed investment decisions. It also serves as a guide for future studies in this field.
FINTECH, TECHFIN AND CRYPTO CURRENCY: RULED GAME OR FREE SURF?
Authors: Makurin Andrii , Yermoshkina Olena , Fatkhutdinova Olena , Shkurupii Olha , Zubro Tetyana , Filozop Oleg
Published: October 2024

The development of financial technologies fundamentally changes the face of the financial market, the speed of execution of financial transactions, and opportunities for attracting new customers. The growing role of digital assets (forecast 2024 AUM USD 80.08 billion, the number of users in the digital payment market will grow to 4805.00 million people by 2028) opens up a whole range of issues that arise before the regulatory authorities of different countries, and which need to be regulated, following the rules of the open free market on the one hand, and protecting both entire financial systems and individual users from possible risks arising from the development of new financial technologies. The main goal of the presented research is the analysis and systematization of existing approaches that are used to regulate the activities of economic entities such as FinTech and TechFin, including in the field of circulation of cryptocurrencies as an element of the financial technology market, as well as the substantiation of opportunities and threats for the traditional financial market, which arise as a result of the active development of FinTech and TechFin companies. As a result of a comparative analysis of the characteristics of FinTech and TechFin companies, it was established that these players in the financial market are differentiated by such features as access to capital, access to technology, access to databases, availability and the possibility of using technological infrastructure. It has been established that the absence or low level of harmonization of regulatory norms regarding the provision of financial services can limit competition, provoke unscrupulous behaviour in the market, and negatively affect consumers of financial services. It has been proven that it is the harmonization of regulatory requirements and their differentiation according to established distinctive features that will contribute to preserving the integrity of financial markets and financial inclusion.
ESG SCORES, EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM POLAND
Authors: Comporek Michał
Published: October 2024

The paper's main aim is to investigate the relationship between the ESG activities scores and profitability metrics of 33 public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. By utilizing the Refinitiv methodology, we answer whether a company's environmental, social and governance performance perspectives positively affect the ROA, ROE and ROC ratios or whether there is a negative relationship. A secondary objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between profitability and the magnitude of aggregate-based earnings management in the tested sample. The moderating effect of earnings manipulation on the links between ESG performance and a company's profitability metrics is a research gap that has not been well-studied to date.This research demonstrates contradictory results: a positive relationship between the social dimension of ESG activities and the financial performance of companies was observed regarding ROE and ROC ratios. The negative impact of the environmental pillar rank on the ROA ratio was captured only in selected regression analyses. The governance pillar score did not statistically affect the tested profitability metrics. On the other hand, we gathered evidence that public companies with a high range of non-financial disclosures tend to alter earnings via accruals, and discretionary accruals statistically affect the ROA, ROE and ROC ratios. This finding contrasts previous research claiming that the earnings management phenomenon is a typical agency problem and that the policy of non-mandatory disclosures following the ESG assumptions could constrain the asymmetry of information and managerial information advantages.