bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vein of Galen aneurysm, dilated cardiomyopathy, and slender habitus in a patient with a recurrent pathogenic variant in PACS2
Authors: Valenzuela Irene , Guillén Benítez Elena , Sanchez‐Montanez Angel , Limeres Javier , López‐Grondona Fermina , Cuscó Ivon , Tizzano Eduardo F.
Published: December 2021

The PACS2 gene encodes a multifunctional sorting protein involved in nuclear gene expression and pathway traffic regulation that has been shown to be highly expressed during human prenatal brain development. Pathogenic variants in PACS2 have been recently shown to be implicated in a phenotype with global developmental delay/intellectual disability, seizures, autistic traits, facial dysmorphic features, and cerebellar dysgenesis. Here, we report a 25‐year‐old male with intellectual disability, epileptic encephalopathy, cerebellar dysgenesis, facial dysmorphism, and a previously reported pathogenic variant in PACS2. To our knowledge, this is the oldest patient reported who, in addition to the known phenotype described in PACS2 patients, presented with a vein of Galen malformation and dilated cardiomyopathy as previously unreported findings.
Clinical and molecular response to dasatinib in an adult patient with Penttinen syndrome
Authors: Iznardo Helena , Bredrup Cecilie , Bernal Sara , Gladkauskas Titas , Mascaró José‐Manuel , Roé Esther , Baselga Eulalia
Published: December 2021

Penttinen type of premature aging syndrome is an autosomal‐dominant disorder that can be caused by the c.1994T>A pVal665Ala pathogenic variant in platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐B (PDGFRB). Imatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, has been used in Penttinen syndrome (PS) patients with good results. A 21‐year‐old male presented shortly after birth with a prematurely aged appearance with distinctive facial features and cutaneous atrophy with hypertrophic scar‐like lesions. Generalized brachydactyly with acro‐osteolysis was observed. Flexion contractures limited his daily activities. Cognitive impairment was not present. Genetic testing found a heterozygous variant c.1994T>A pVal665Ala in exon 14 of PDGFRB. A diagnosis of PS was made and imatinib treatment was started with partial response. After lack of further improvement, in vitro molecular studies with imatinib and dasatinib showed that the Val665Ala variant had greater sensitivity to dasatinib than imatinib. This was seen examining levels of P‐PDGFRB directly and on downstream ligands P‐AKT and P‐STAT. Improved clinical response was observed after treatment with dasatinib. We report a new case of PS with clinical and molecular response to dasatinib after incomplete response to imatinib. Our work provides further molecular and clinical evidence of RTK inhibitors' efficacy in this rare disorder.
Recent Advances in 1D Nanomaterial‐Based Bioelectronics for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Song Sangmin , Kim Kyung Yeun , Lee Sun Hee , Kim Kyun Kyu , Lee Kyungwoo , Lee Wonryung , Jeon Hojeong , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of wearable devices, healthcare technologies that enable an accurate monitoring of electrophysiological signals and provide electrical stimulation for therapy are extensively researched. In this regard, 1D nanomaterials are widely used in bioelectronics owing to their advantageous properties such as transparency, mechanical flexibility, and stretchability. Herein, the recent advances in bioelectronic devices based on 1D nanomaterials are reviewed with a focus on the biocompatibility of 1D nanomaterials frequently used in bioelectronic devices. In particular, bioelectronic devices used for recording and stimulating cell signals in in vitro environments, monitoring electrophysiological signals, and providing electrical stimulation for tissue treatment in vivo are discussed.
Polyvinyl alcohol and allyl α, α'‐trehalose copolymers for a sustainable strengthening of degraded paper
Authors: Poggi Giovanna , Papacchini Alessandra , Baracani Sara , Cappitti Alice , Marini Gioia , Marrini Matteo , Giorgi Rodorico , Salvini Antonella
Published: December 2021

Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds is the most important degradation mechanism affecting cellulose‐based materials. It results in the decrease of DP and in the loss of the original mechanical properties. The neutralization of acidity is therefore one of the most efficient ways to hamper the degradation of cellulosic artworks. However, in the case of acidic and strongly degraded artifacts, in addition to deacidification, a consolidation treatment must be performed. To this aim, a new class of biopolymers, obtained by a synthetic procedure that considers the principles of Sustainable Chemistry, was investigated. Three allyl saccharide/vinyl acetate copolymers, having different molar ratios between starting monomers, were prepared using α,α'‐trehalose, and used to synthesize the corresponding allyl saccharide/vinyl alcohol copolymers. The use of saccharide derivatives as monomers improves the affinity and compatibility of the biopolymer with the artifacts to be treated. After characterization, the efficacy of the copolymers in the strengthening of degraded paper was evaluated with mechanical tests. The most effective system was thus selected for further testing. Its performance was compared to that of Klucel G®, a commercial product belonging to the class of cellulose derivatives, which are largely used in conservation practice.
Porous superhydrophobic‐superoleophilic polytetrafluoroethylene fibrous membranes with tertiary structures for efficient oil/water separation
Authors: Zhang Xianggui , Li Xianglong , Wang Antuo , Yang Bin , Hou Teng , Lu Yishen , Zhou Jing
Published: December 2021

The separation of stable oil/water emulsions is an urgent global issue. In this work, a porous and superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrous membrane was obtained by first centrifugal spinning PTFE/potato starch fibers and then heat treating the fibers to remove the starch. Results showed that spherical protrusions and irregular striped protrusions appeared on the surface of the prepared PTFE fibers, which significantly increased the roughness and hydrophobicity of the fibrous membrane. In addition, number density and shapes of these protrusions could be tuned by changing the extent of the heat treatment and the potato amylose content during the fiber preparation. The water contact angle on the structured PTFE membranes was as high as 160°, and the water sliding angle was as low as 3.4°. The results of oil/water separation experiments showed that the oil removal rate reached 99.5% based a permeability of 3670 L/m2/h, which suggested that the obtained PTFE fibrous membrane has great potential for use in oil/water emulsions separation.
Design and synthesis of novel chalcone derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Ceyhun İlçim , Karaca Şevval , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlık Begüm N. , Levent Serkan , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer A.
Published: December 2021

According to the cholinergic hypothesis, an increase in the acetylcholine level in Alzheimer's disease patients relatively slows down the symptoms of the disease. The most commonly used drug, donepezil, is a cholinesterase inhibitor. In this study, 12 new chalcones (2a–l) were designed and synthesized. In biological activity studies, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials of all compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed significant activity against AChE. The compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed IC50 values of 0.042, 0.024, 0.053, and 0.033 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.021 µM) also displayed significant inhibition of AChE. The inhibitory activities of these compounds for β‐amyloid plaque aggregation were investigated. The enzyme kinetic study was performed to observe the effect of the most active compound 2f on the substrate–enzyme relationship, and a mixed‐type inhibition of AchE was determined. Further, docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l) interacted with the enzyme active site in a similar manner to donepezil. The most active derivative, compound 2f, interacted with the amino acids Trp286, Phe295, Tyr341, Trp86, and Glu202.
Effect of binocular disparity on learning anatomy with stereoscopic augmented reality visualization: A double center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bogomolova Katerina , Vorstenbosch Marc A. T. M. , El Messaoudi Inssaf , Holla Micha , Hovius Steven E. R. , van der Hage Jos A. , Hierck Beerend P.
Published: December 2021

Binocular disparity provides one of the important depth cues within stereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) visualization technology. However, there is limited research on its effect on learning within a 3D augmented reality (AR) environment. This study evaluated the effect of binocular disparity on the acquisition of anatomical knowledge and perceived cognitive load in relation to visual‐spatial abilities. In a double‐center randomized controlled trial, first‐year (bio)medical undergraduates studied lower extremity anatomy in an interactive 3D AR environment either with a stereoscopic 3D view (n = 32) or monoscopic 3D view (n = 34). Visual‐spatial abilities were tested with a mental rotation test. Anatomical knowledge was assessed by a validated 30‐item written test and 30‐item specimen test. Cognitive load was measured by the NASA‐TLX questionnaire. Students in the stereoscopic 3D and monoscopic 3D groups performed equally well in terms of percentage correct answers (written test: 47.9 ± 15.8 vs. 49.1 ± 18.3; P = 0.635; specimen test: 43.0 ± 17.9 vs. 46.3 ± 15.1; P = 0.429), and perceived cognitive load scores (6.2 ± 1.0 vs. 6.2 ± 1.3; P = 0.992). Regardless of intervention, visual‐spatial abilities were positively associated with the specimen test scores (η2 = 0.13, P = 0.003), perceived representativeness of the anatomy test questions (P = 0.010) and subjective improvement in anatomy knowledge (P < 0.001). In conclusion, binocular disparity does not improve learning anatomy. Motion parallax should be considered as another important depth cue that contributes to depth perception during learning in a stereoscopic 3D AR environment.
Dinucleotide tag‐based parallel reporter gene assay method enables efficient identification of regulatory mutations
Authors: Ren Naixia , Li Bo , Liu Qingqing , Yang Lele , Liu Xiaodan , Huang Qilai
Published: December 2021

Background

The causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to increased cancer predisposition mainly function as gene regulatory elements, the evaluation of which largely relies on the parallel reporter gene assay system. However, the common DNA barcodes used in parallel reporter gene assay systems typically because nucleotide composition bias, and many barcodes must be allocated for each sequence to reduce the bias effect.

Main methods and major results

Here, a versatile dinucleotide‐tag reporter system (DiR) that enables parallel analysis of regulatory elements with minimized bias based on next‐generation sequencing is described. The DiR system is more robust than the classical luciferase assay method, particularly for the investigation of moderate‐level regulatory elements. The authors applied the DiR‐seq assay in the functional evaluation of SNPs with prostate cancer risk and nominated two and six regulatory SNPs in PC‐3 and LNCaP cells, respectively.

Conclusions and implications

The DiR system has great potential to advance the functional study of SNPs associated with polygenic disease risks.
Lipidomics reveals the dysregulated ceramide metabolism in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced macrophage‐derived foam cell
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Tong , Pei Wenxuan , Zhao Ye , Zhang Xin , Shi Xiujia , Li Yanping , Xu Wenjuan
Published: December 2021

Atherosclerosis (AS) is associated with increasing lipid peroxidation. Oxidative modification of low‐density lipoproteins (ox‐LDL) is one most important factors contributing to the pathogenesis and clinical features of AS. The lipid composition influenced by ox‐LDL is not known clearly. In this work, a UHPLC/Orbitrap MS‐based lipidomics approach integrated pathway analysis was performed to advance understanding of the lipid composition and feature pathway in an ox‐LDL‐induced foamy macrophage cell. In the lipid metabolic profiling, 196 lipid species from 15 (sub)classes were identified. Lipid profiling indicated that increasing ox‐LDL caused lipid metabolic alternations, manifesting as phospholipids being down‐regulated and sphingolipids being up‐regulated. Pathway analysis explored glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, which was involved in atherogenic changes. Notably, dysregulated ceramide metabolism was a typical feature of foamy cell formation. qRT‐PCR analysis was conducted to explore the differentially expressed genes. It indicated that ceramide metabolic balance might be disordered, performing higher synthesis and lower hydrolysis, with the ratio of SMPD1/SGMS2 being significantly up‐regulated (p < 0.05) in the ox‐LDL induced group. Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of macrophage‐derived foam cells and screen feature pathways associated with foamy cell formation, which provides a reference for the clinic diagnosis of AS and drug interventions.
Identifying patient verbal coaching in psychotherapy
Authors: Bugas John , McCollum James , Kealy David , Silberschatz George , Curtis John T. , Reid Jay
Published: December 2021

According to control‐mastery theory (CMT), patients enter therapy with a plan (often unconscious) for how to work on their problems and disconfirm pathogenic beliefs. Patients want therapists to understand their plans and help them master their problems. CMT proposes that patients frequently coach their therapist to get them oriented and attuned to critical aspects of their treatment plan. The theory views patients coaching their therapists as an important part of the therapeutic process. The present study represents the first empirical research on this concept of coaching. It was designed to assess whether trained clinical judges could reliably identify and rate instances of patients coaching their therapists from psychotherapy transcript material. Segments from the beginning sessions of three brief (16‐session) psychotherapy cases were presented to clinical judges to rate on the following dimensions: the degree to which a patient communication is coaching; the degree to which a patient communication is intended to help the therapist understand the plan; and the degree to which a patient communication is intended to influence the therapist's behaviour. The results provide empirical evidence that patient coaching communications can be reliably distinguished from non‐coaching communications. Moreover, there was consensus among clinical judges on both the degree to which a coaching communication was intended to help the therapist understand the patient's treatment plan, and the degree to which a coaching communication was intended to influence the therapist's behaviour. Further research is necessary to better understand the vicissitudes of this coaching dynamic in therapy.
Study finds perception of parental well‐being key to teen perfectionist traits
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2021

Contrary to popular belief — and to the hypothesis of the researchers — girls are not much more likely than boys to be perfectionists, a recent study has found. However, regardless of gender, positive perception of economic well‐being and parental well‐being was associated with higher perfectionism scores.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Thioesterification Enabled by a Visible‐Light Organophotoredox Catalyst under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zheng Wanyao , Xu Yongjie , Lin Luqing
Published: December 2021

A nickel‐catalyzed thioesterification of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl iodides to afford thioesters is reported. The reaction involves a single‐electron transfer (SET) process induced by an organophotoredox catalyst under irradiation with blue LEDs at room temperature. This newly developed protocol provides a simple, mild method to access different thioesters with broad functional group exhibits excellent performance in aqueous solution and on a gram scale.
Challenges and future perspectives of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions: adopt old strategies or adapt to new opportunities?
Authors: Russo Giulio , Taramasso Maurizio , Pedicino Daniela , Gennari Marco , Gavazzoni Mara , Pozzoli Alberto , Muraru Denisa , Badano Luigi P. , Metra Marco , Maisano Francesco
Published: December 2021

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a highly prevalent valvular heart disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death at long‐term follow‐up. Functional TR accounts for over 90% of TR and is mainly due to annular or right ventricular dilatation. Most often, TR is observed in patients with left‐sided valvular heart disease (with or without previous surgical correction) and pulmonary hypertension. Isolated TR is less frequent, though burdened by high surgical mortality. This, together with an incomplete understanding of the disease, has brought to a significant undertreatment in spite of the growing evidence of the impact of severe TR on mortality. Moreover, uncertainties about the appropriate timing for intervention and the predictors of procedural success have contributed to limit TR treatment. Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement or repair interventions represent novel and less invasive alternatives to surgery and have shown early promising results. The purpose of this review is to provide a complete and updated overview of TR pathology with a special focus on current percutaneous treatment options, future challenges and directions.
Sample displacement chromatography of monoclonal antibody charge variants and aggregates
Authors: Černigoj Urh , Nemec Blaž , Štrancar Aleš
Published: December 2021

The rise of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies has renewed the interest in monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge variants composition and separation. The sample displacement chromatography (SDC) has the potential to overcome the low separation efficiency and productivity associated with bind‐elute separation of mAb charge variants. SDC in combination with weak cation exchanging macroporous monolithic chromatographic column was successfully implemented for a separation of charge variants and aggregates of monoclonal IgG under overloading conditions. The charge variants composition was at‐line monitored by a newly developed, simple and fast analytical method, based on weak cation exchange chromatography. It was proven that basic charge variants acted as displacers of IgG molecules with lower pI, when the loading was performed 1 to 1.5 pH unit below the pI of acidic charge variants. The efficiency of the SDC process is flow rate independent due to a convection‐based mass transfer on the macroporous monolith. The productivity of the process at optimal conditions is 35 mg of purified IgG fraction per milliliters of monolithic support with 75–80% recovery. As such, an SDC approach surpasses the standard bind‐elute separation in the productivity for a factor of 3, when performed on the same column. The applicability of the SDC approach was confirmed for porous particle‐based column as well, but with 1.5 lower productivity compared to the monoliths.
Proteomic analysis of serum in workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust
Authors: Rahman Mohammad L. , Bassig Bryan A. , Dai Yufei , Hu Wei , Wong Jason Y. Y. , Blechter Batel , Hosgood H. Dean , Ren Danzhi , Duan Huawei , Niu Yong , Xu Jun , Fu Wei , Meliefste Kees , Zhou Baosen , Yang Jufang , Ye Meng , Jia Xiaowei , Meng Tao , Bin Ping , Silverman Debra T. , Vermeulen Roel , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Yuxin , Lan Qing
Published: December 2021

Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen. Using a targeted proteomics approach, we aimed to identify proteins associated with DEE and characterize these markers to understand the mechanisms of DEE‐induced carcinogenicity. In this cross‐sectional molecular epidemiology study, we measured elemental carbon (EC) using a personal air monitor and quantified 1317 targeted proteins in the serum using the SOMAScan assay (SOMALogic) among 19 diesel exposed factory workers and 19 unexposed controls. We used linear regressions to identify proteins associated with DEE and examined their exposure‐response relationship across levels of EC using linear trend tests. We further examined pathway enrichment of DEE‐related proteins using MetaCore. Occupational exposure to DEE was associated with altered levels of 22 serum proteins (permutation p < .01). Of these, 13 proteins (CXCL11, HAPLN1, FLT4, CD40LG, PES1, IGHE.IGK..IGL, TNFSF9, PGD, NAGK, CCL25, CCL4L1, PDXK, and PLA2G1B) showed an exposure‐response relationship with EC (p trend < .01), with serum levels of all but PLA2G1B declining with increasing air levels of EC. For instance, C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11 (CXCL11) showed the most significant association with DEE (β = −0.25; permutation p = .00004), where mean serum levels were 4121.1, 2356.7, and 2298.8 relative fluorescent units among the unexposed, lower exposed (median, range : 56.9, 40.2–62.1 μg/m3 EC), and higher exposed (median, range of EC: 72.9, 66.9–107.7 μg/m3 EC) groups, respectively (p trend = .0005). Pathway analysis suggested that these proteins are enriched in pathways related to inflammation and immune regulation. Our study suggests that DEE exposure is associated with altered serum proteins, which play a role in inflammation and immune regulation.
Performance analysis of space time coded generalized frequency division multiplexing system over generalized fading channels
Authors: Kalsotra Surbhi , Kumar Singh Ashutosh , Dutt Joshi Hem
Published: December 2021

Due to its low out‐of‐band emission and high spectral efficiency, the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) has been adopted as one of the most prominent waveform techniques for the 5G networks. To further combat the deep fading, the space time coding (STC) can be integrated with the GFDM system which provide high diversity gain that results into low symbol error rate at the receiver. In this article, a generalized model of space time coded GFDM system (STC‐GFDM) has been proposed. More precisely, a comprehensive analytical framework to compute the average symbol error rate (ASER) is introduced, which can be used for any MIMO configuration, code rate, and arbitrary fading channel. The proposed framework has wider applicability over generalized fading channels and having more accurate exact solution along with easy to evaluate approximate solution. Thus, the proposed framework extends the horizon of performance analysis of STC‐GFDM system over any fading scenario, that is not covered so far in the literature. In general, the closed from expressions of exact and approximate along with asymptotic ASER are derived for different fading channels using moment generating function (MGF) approach. Particularly, the ASER analysis has been performed analytically using derived expression over Rayleigh, TWDP, Nakagami‐q, and Nakagami‐m fading channels for‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (‐QAM). This analysis confirms that with the increase in transmit and receive antenna and decrease in modulation order, the ASER performance improves for all fading channels. Also, the improvement in ASER is observed as the power of specular components (ie, LOS paths) increases. Furthermore, these analytical results are validated using Monte‐Carlo simulation.
Motor training‐related brain reorganization in patients with cerebellar degeneration
Authors: Draganova Rossitza , Konietschke Frank , Steiner Katharina M. , Elangovan Naveen , Gümüs Meltem , Göricke Sophia M. , Ernst Thomas M. , Deistung Andreas , van Eimeren Thilo , Konczak Jürgen , Timmann Dagmar
Published: December 2021

Cerebellar degeneration progressively impairs motor function. Recent research showed that cerebellar patients can improve motor performance with practice, but the optimal feedback type (visual, proprioceptive, verbal) for such learning and the underlying neuroplastic changes are unknown. Here, patients with cerebellar degeneration (N = 40) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (N = 40) practiced single‐joint, goal‐directed forearm movements for 5 days. Cerebellar patients improved performance during visuomotor practice, but a training focusing on either proprioceptive feedback, or explicit verbal feedback and instruction did not show additional benefits. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed that after training gray matter volume (GMV) was increased prominently in the visual association cortices of controls, whereas cerebellar patients exhibited GMV increase predominantly in premotor cortex. The premotor cortex as a recipient of cerebellar efferents appears to be an important hub in compensatory remodeling following damage of the cerebro‐cerebellar motor system.
Incorporating multiple observational uncertainties in water quality model calibration
Authors: Wu Xia , Marshall Lucy , Sharma Ashish
Published: December 2021

The presence of error in water quality and hydrologic variables can significantly impair the calibration of water quality models. Precise and reliable identification of observational errors can have a significant impact on improving model parameter estimation. This study develops the Bayesian error analysis with reordering (BEAR) method to accommodate multiple sources of observational errors in the calibration of a water quality model. It realizes this goal by sampling the errors for input and output data from their respective error distributions and reordering them with inferred ranks via the secant method. This approach is demonstrated in the case of total suspended solids (TSS) simulated via a conceptual water quality model. Based on case studies using synthetic data, the new algorithm successfully quantifies one source of observational error when the error model of another source of observational error can be estimated accurately in advance. The results of a real case study also illustrate that considering observational errors in both model inputs and outputs, rather than in just the inputs or outputs, can improve the parameter calibration and error characterization. The improvements depend on the precision of the prior information for the error model. The application of this new algorithm in TSS simulation can be an example to understand how the BEAR algorithm works in other water quality models. The core idea of the BEAR algorithm is flexible and can be extended to the calibration of other environmental models.
Bone Geometry, Density, Microstructure, and Biomechanical Properties in the Distal Tibia in Patients With Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Assessed by Second-Generation High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Pang Qianqian , Xu Yuping , Huang Le , Li Ye , Lin Yuanyuan , Hou Yanfang , Hung Vivian W , Qi Xuan , Ni Xiaolin , Li Mei , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Xing Xiaoping , Qin Ling , Xia Weibo
Published: December 2021

Periosteosis refers to pathological woven bone formation beneath the cortical bone of the long bones. It is an imaging hallmark of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) and also considered as one of the major diagnostic criteria of PHO patients. Up to date, detailed information on bone quality changes in long bones of PHO patients is still missing. This study aimed to evaluate bone microarchitecture and bone strength in PHO patients by using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). The study comprised 20 male PHO patients with the average age of 27.0 years and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed at the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and hip (total hip and femoral neck) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and microstructure parameters at the distal tibia were evaluated by using HR-pQCT. Bone strength was evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA) based on HR-pQCT screening at distal tibia. Urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serum phosphatase (ALP), beta-C-telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and neuronal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were investigated. As compared with healthy controls, PHO patients had larger bone cross-sectional areas; lower total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD; compromised bone microstructures with more porous cortices, thinned trabeculae, reduced trabecular connectivity, and relatively more significant resorption of rod-like trabeculae at distal tibia. The apparent Young's modulus was significantly lower in PHO patients. The concentration of PGE2, biomarkers of bone resorption (β-CTX and sRANKL/OPG ratio), and the neuropeptide CGRP were higher in PHO patients versus healthy controls. PGE2 level correlated negatively with vBMD and estimated bone strength and positively with bone geometry at distal tibia. The present HR-pQCT study is the first one illustrating the microarchitecture and bone strength features in long bones. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
An investigation of the relationship between school counselor trainees’ broaching behavior and their racial identity attitudes
Authors: Day‐Vines Norma L. , Brodar Jennifer R. , Hicks Dantavious , Fernandez‐Korto Erica B. , Garcia Carolina , Jones Katelynn
Published: December 2021

This study examined the relationship between the racial identity attitudes and broaching behavior in a sample of 198 trainees matriculating in school counseling programs. Respondents completed the Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Survey, the Cross Ethnic‐Racial Identity Scale‐Adult, Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and a demographic survey. Findings demonstrated that trainees with lower levels of racial identity functioning (RIF) endorsed Avoidant broaching attitudes and behaviors, and trainees with higher levels of RIF endorsed more Infusing broaching attitudes and behaviors.
Association between serum hemoglobin and major cardiovascular adverse event in Chinese patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yang Yulu , Huang Yun
Published: December 2021

Background

ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a common clinical acute and severe disease, and it is of great significance to evaluate the prognosis of these patients. Hemoglobin levels are associated with a variety of diseases, but studies on Chinese patients with STEMI after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been sufficient.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis based on a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing PCI in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. We performed multivariable logistic regression to explore the association between the serum hemoglobin and the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse event (MACE) in patients after PCI. We also used a generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting to explain the nonlinear relationship after adjusting the potential confounders. Finally, the heterogeneity among specific groups was examined by subgroup analysis.

Results

Of all 462 patients enrolled in this study, 118 (25.54%) developed MACE. There was a negative correlation between serum hemoglobin and MACE in all three models (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI 0.72, 0.93], HR 0.86, 95% CI [0.76,0.98], and HR 0.87, 95% CI [0.74,0.98], respectively). In the subgroup analysis, the negative correlation existed between the patients who had myocardial infarction (MI) history (p for interaction = 0.0059) after adjusting covariates. However, no significant differences were found between age and sex groups (p for interaction = 0.1381, 0.4103, respectively).

Conclusion

Our results indicated that patients who received PCI with low preoperative hemoglobin were more likely to develop MACE, especially if they have already had a history of MI.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Emerging detection technologies and auxiliary analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Huang Shengxiong , Zhou Liuyan , Wang Xin , Yang Huan , Li Wenqing
Published: December 2021

The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic constitutes a new challenge for public health. Prevention and control of infection have become urgent and serious issues. To meet the clinical demand for higher accuracy of COVID‐19 detection, the development of fast and efficient methods represents an important step. The most common methods of COVID‐19 diagnosis, relying on real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT‐qPCR), computed tomography, and new‐generation sequencing technologies, have a series of advantages, especially for early diagnosis and screening. In addition, joint efforts of researchers all over the world have led to the development of other rapid detection methods with high sensitivity, ease of use, cost‐effectiveness, or allowing multiplex analysis based on technologies such as dPCR, ELISA, fluorescence immunochromatography assay, and the microfluidic detection chip method. The main goal of this review was to provide a critical discussion on the development and application of these different analytical methods, which based on etiology, serology, and molecular biology, as well as to compare their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition to these methods, hematology and biochemistry, as well as auxiliary analysis based on pathological anatomy, ultrasonography, and cytokine detection, will help understand COVID‐19 pathogenesis. Together, these technologies may promote and open new windows to unravel issues surrounding symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID‐19 infections and improve clinical strategies toward reducing mortality.
Autophagy ATG16L1 rs2241880 impacts the colorectal cancer risk: A case‐control study
Authors: Jamali Leila , Sadeghi Hossein , Ghasemi Mohammad‐Reza , Mohseni Roohollah , Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad Ehsan , Yassaee Vahid Reza , Larki Pegah , Zali Mohammad Reza , Mirfakhraie Reza
Published: December 2021

Background

Despite many efforts to discover the important role of the autophagy process in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), the exact involved molecular mechanism still remains to be elucidated. Recently, a limited number of studies have been employed to discover the impact of autophagy genes’ variants on the development and progression of CRC. Here, we evaluated the association between two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the main components of the autophagy genes,ATG16L1rs2241880, andATG5rs1475270, and the CRC risk in an Iranian population.

Methods

During this investigation, a total of 369 subjects, including 179 CRC patients and 190 non‐cancer controls have been genotyped using Tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (TP‐ARMS‐PCR) method.

Result

The results demonstrated that the T allele of theATG16L1rs2241880 was significantly associated with the increased risk of CRC in the studied population (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.21–2.22,p = 0.0015). Moreover,ATG16L1rs2241880 TT genotype increased the susceptibility to CRC (OR 3.31, 95% CI: 1.64–6.69,p = 0.0008). Furthermore, a significant association was observed under the recessive and dominant inheritance models (p = 0.0015 andp = 0.017, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in theATG5rs1475270 alleles and genotypes between the cases and controls.

Conclusion

The results of the present study may be helpful concerning the risk stratification in CRC patients based on the genotyping approach of autophagy pathways and emphasize the need for further investigations among different populations and ethnicities to refine our conclusions.
Sex/gender differences in individual and joint trajectories of common mental health symptoms in early to middle adolescence
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Ushakova Anastasia , Speyer Lydia , Brown Ruth , Auyeung Bonnie , Zhu Xinxin
Published: December 2021

Background

Early to middle adolescence is a critical period of development for mental health issues. Illuminating sex/gender differences in mental health trajectories in this period is important for targeting screening and preventive interventions; however, evidence to date on the extent and nature of sex/gender differences in common mental health issue trajectories in this period has produced mixed findings. There is a particular gap in our knowledge of sex/gender differences in the joint trajectories of commonly co‐occurring mental health issues in adolescence, given the strong tendency for mental health issues to co‐occur.

Method

We applied sex/gender‐stratified latent class growth analysis to an age‐heterogeneous cohort (age 10–15) derived from the population‐representative UK Household Longitudinal Study. We explored sex/gender differences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, internalizing problems, and conduct problems individually and jointly.

Results

We found indications of sex/gender differences in a number of areas. There were fewer classes in the optimal model to describe the heterogeneity in internalizing problems and conduct problems trajectories in males and females respectively. Further, for ADHD, affected males were more likely to enter adolescence with already elevated symptoms whereas affected female trajectories were characterized by an escalation of symptoms during adolescence.

Conclusions

There are sex/gender differences in the levels and trajectories of specific mental health symptoms in early to middle adolescence; however, in both males and females there is a strong tendency for multiple issues to co‐occur.
1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of the compound obtaining from cyclopentadiene‐PTAD and biological activities of adducts formed selectively
Authors: Yavari Mirali Akbar , Taslimi Parham , Bayrak Cetin , Taskin‐Tok Tugba , Menzek Abdullah
Published: December 2021

After known adduct (4) was synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene with 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione, seven new isoxazoline derivatives were synthesized from reactions of 4 with corresponding oximes prepared from benzaldehyde derivatives in the existence of the aqueous NaOCl in CH2Cl2 at 0°C—RT via nitrile oxides. Four new pyrazoline derivatives were also synthesized from reactions of 4 with corresponding prepared reagents via nitrile imines. Selectively, each of all isoxazole and pyrazoline derivatives was synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of compound 4 with the corresponding reagents. Based on the results of their biological activity analyses, Ki values for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and alpha‐glucosidase (α‐Gly) enzymes were obtained in this range 32.15 ± 5.73–107.44 ± 19.52 22.57 ± 4.30–186.07 ± 23.51, and 69.08 ± 8.54–528.07 ± 38.46 nM, respectively. Besides that, these compounds were subjected to molecular docking to describe the interaction against AChE, BChE, and α‐Gly enzymes in which important interactions were visualized and evaluated with residues of the binding region in each target enzyme.
Soul work: Black practitioners’ perceptions of Black clients’ mental health needs
Authors: Summers LaTonya M. , Lassiter Pam S.
Published: December 2021

Most empirical investigations with Black clients have focused on the multicultural competence of practitioners who work with them. Little attention has been given to the needs of Black clients. This phenomenological inquiry explored Black practitioners’ perceptions of Black clients’ mental health needs and identified five common themes: (a) mental health literacy, (b) family and parenting counseling, (c) advocacy, (d) trauma and grief work, and (e) self‐efficacy enhancement. Implications for counseling and future research are discussed.
The improvement of texture properties and storage stability for kappa carrageenan in developing vegan gummy candies
Authors: Song Xinyu , Chiou Bor‐Sen , Xia Yixun , Chen Maoshen , Liu Fei , Zhong Fang
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

As plant‐based foods have become more mainstream in recent years, carrageenan has been used to replace animal‐derived gelatin in confectionery products. However, texture defects and water seepage during storage limit the development of kappa carrageenan (KC) gummy candies.

RESULTS

This study evaluated the effects of hydrocolloids on the texture properties and storage stability of KC gummy candies. The results showed that 4 g kg−1 carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) composited with 20 g kg−1 KC formed a flexible gummy candy with low fragility and limited water seepage during storage. Further investigation revealed that 4 g kg−1 CMC promoted side‐by‐side intermolecular aggregation of KC helices through hydrogen bonding, which stabilized a denser network structure compared to the pure KC hydrogel. However, high CMC proportions (8–12 g kg−1) led to electrostatic repulsion that dominated in the system, inhibiting the gel‐forming process and thus resulting in a weak gel structure with accelerated syneresis.

CONCLUSION

This study found that 4 g kg−1 CMC was able to improve the flexibility and decrease unacceptable fragility of KC gummy candies, with water seepage decreased during storage significantly. It provided preliminary evidence for utilizing hydrocolloids to adjust texture and control water migration in KC gels, and has potential to promote wide development of vegan gummy candies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of cooking on the nutritional quality and volatile compounds in omega‐3 fatty acids enriched eggs
Authors: Chen Xue , Liang Kehong , Zhu Hong
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The extensive consumption of eggs and their utilization as an ingredient in food products globally offer excellent potential for increasing dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. Thus far, research involving dietary focused on changes in their physical properties after boiling, protein denaturation, storage stability, and other characteristics. However, minimal reports are available regarding the evaluation of nutritional changes. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the impact of cooking on the nutritional quality and volatile compound profile of ordinary and omega‐3 eggs.

RESULTS

Compared with ordinary eggs, those enriched with omega‐3 fatty acids contained higher proportions of total omega‐3 PUFAs and α‐tocopherol. However, no significant difference was evident between the amino acid compositions of the two types of eggs. Omega‐3 eggs boiled for 20 min at 75 °C showed higher levels of omega‐3 PUFAs, total tocopherol, and essential amino acids while increasing the heating time and temperature reduced these nutrients. Heat treatment significantly decreased the ketones and alcohol content while increasing the hydrocarbons level. The overall variations in the metabolic response due to cooking temperature were evidenced by the multiple metabolic associations and clustering on the principal component analysis (PCA) plane and heat map.

CONCLUSION

The findings provided useful information for ensuring quality retention in eggs, especially those enriched with omega‐3. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anatomic Optical Coherence Tomography (aOCT) for Evaluation of the Internal Nasal Valve
Authors: Waters Candace M. , Stepp Wesley H. , Conduff Joseph , Balakrishnan Santosh , Bu Ruofei , Oldenburg Amy L. , Kimbell Julia S. , Shockley William W. , Clark Joseph Madison
Published: December 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

To establish the utility of anatomic optical coherence tomography (aOCT) in evaluating internal nasal valve (INV).

Study Design

Anatomic specimen imaging study.

Methods

Fresh‐harvested human specimen heads were evaluated using both computed tomography (CT) imaging as well as using aOCT. Scans were performed at three time points: 1) After septoplasty for cartilage harvest, 2) after placement of butterfly graft (BFG), and 3) after placement of bilateral spreader grafts (SG). Imaging data were then converted into 3D models of the nasal airway. CT‐ and aOCT‐generated models were compared by both static volumetric analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict nasal resistance and pressure.

Results

Scans using aOCT showed comparable results to CT in terms of volumetric parameters both before and after intervention. Analysis of aOCT data by CFD demonstrated decrease in pressure after SG or BFG intervention. No statistically significant difference was observed when comparing CT‐ and aOCT‐generated calculations of pressure or resistance.

Conclusion

The INV can be imaged in a static fashion using aOCT technology. Advantages over traditional CT imaging include lack of exposure to radiation and rapid scan time. In addition, in‐office use is possible as aOCT technology develops. Further investigation will be necessary to define the role of aOCT in the dynamic evaluation of this vital component of the nasal airway.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:2148–2156, 2022
A novel device for trace metal‐clean sampling of bottom water and suspended particles at the ocean's lower boundary: The Benthic Trace Profiler
Authors: Plass Anna , Retschko Anna‐Kathrin , Türk Matthias , Fischer Tim , Scholz Florian
Published: December 2021

The benthic boundary layer plays a crucial role in the exchange of trace metals between surface sediments and the water column. So far it has been difficult to study dissolved–particulate interactions of trace metals in this highly reactive interface layer due to the lack of suitable sampling methods. We developed a new device, called Benthic Trace Profiler (BTP), which enables simultaneous sampling of near‐bottom water and suspended particles in high depth resolution within the first 3 m above the seafloor. The device was tested successfully in the Baltic Sea. The concentrations of several trace metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the collected bottom waters overlapped with concentrations in water column samples above collected with conventional methods. This observation indicates that the sampling device and method is trace metal clean. The trace metals Fe and Mn showed concentration gradients within the benthic boundary layer indicating an upward diffusive flux. This observation is consistent with a diffusive benthic flux of these trace metals across the sediment–water interface, which was independently verified using pore‐water profiles. Suspended particles can be used to study precipitation processes and to determine the carrier phases of trace metals. The BTP fulfilled all the intended requirements as it allowed a simultaneous, uncontaminating and oxygen‐free sampling of seawater and suspended particles to gather high‐resolution profiles of dissolved and particulate trace metal concentrations above the seafloor. The device closes the gap between water column and sediment sampling and helps researchers to better understand trace metal exchange processes across the ocean's lower boundary.