bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest Fire Susceptibility Zonation using dNBR and Machine Learning models: A case study at the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India
Authors: Guria Rajkumar , Mishra Manoranjan , Mohanta Samiksha , Paul Suman
Published: July 2024

Forests play a pivotal role in maintaining environmental equilibrium, chiefly due to their biodiversity. This biodiversity is instrumental in atmospheric purification and oxygen production. Nowadays forest fires are an exciting phenomenon, identification of forest fire susceptible (FFS) areas is necessary for forest fire mitigation and management. This study delves into forest fire trends and susceptibility in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR) over the period of 2012–2023. Utilizing four machine learning models such as Extreme Gradient Boosting Tree (XGBTree), AdaBag, Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Forest fire inventory was prepared using the Delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) index. Incorporating 19 conditioning factors and rigorous testing for collinearity, FFS maps were generated, and finally, model performance was evaluated using ROC-AUC, MAE, MSE, and RMSE methods. From the results, it was observed that, overall, about 33.62% of the study area exhibited high to very high susceptibility to forest fires. RF exhibiting the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.85). Analysis of temporal patterns highlighted a peak in fire incidents in 2021, particularly notable in the Buffer Zone. Furthermore, a significant majority (94.72%) of fire incidents occurred during March and April. These findings serve as valuable insights for policymakers and organizations involved in forest fire management, underscoring the importance of targeted strategies for high-risk areas.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Seid Kedir , Lakew Gebeyehu , Bogale Solomon Ketema , Desalew Eyob Getachew , yirsaw Amalku nigussie , Andarge Getnet Alemu , Belayneh Asnake Gashaw , Berhie Alemshet Yirga , Bogale Eyob Ketema
Published: July 2024

Background: - Hypertension is most common global cause of cardiovascular disease and death with rising worldwide prevalence, particularly in low-income countries. Patients with target organ damage, particularly chronic kidney disease, are more common as a result of hypertension. Despite the fact that many primary studies have reported the prevalence of chronic renal disease among hypertension patients, their findings have shown significant diversity with regard to the disease's prevalence in Ethiopia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among Ethiopian hypertensive patients.
Method: - The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to select potential studies. PubMed, scopes and web of science were searched to identify relevant studies. To examine for heterogeneity among the included studies, the I2 statistic was employed. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size across studies. The Egger's regression test and a funnel plot were employed to look for evidence of publication bias. The quality of included studies was assessed by utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The estimated pooled prevalence and related variables of chronic renal disease were determined using STATA software version 17.0.
Result: - Four research totaling 1,675 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of CKD among hypertensive patients was found to be 21% (95% CI: 18–24, I2 = 59.45%. Age ≥ 60 years (OR = 1.73, 95%, CI: 1.02, 2.44), uncontrolled hypertension (OR = 4.64, 95%, CI: 1.83, 7.44), duration of hypertension >=10 years (OR = 6.05; 95% CI 3.40–8.70) and having co-morbid diseases (OR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.46–7.03) were significantly associated with CKD.
Conclusion: - This study showed that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease remains high among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. This study found that Age ≥ 60 years, uncontrolled hypertension, duration of hypertension >=10 years and having co-morbid diseases were associated with chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients. Therefore, situation-based interventions and context-specific preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients.
Exploring Airborne Pollutants in Fitness Environments: Implications for Health and Exercise
Authors: Peixoto Cátia , Pereira Maria do Carmo , Morais Simone , Slezakova Klara
Published: July 2024

As there are many known benefits of physical activities practising, the need to evaluate pollution levels and personal exposure in different sports environments has become increasingly important. However, the current data are limited, namely those related to exposure levels during different types of sports activities. Thus, this study estimated indoor air levels and inhalation doses of gaseous (total volatile organic compounds – TVOCs, CO2) and particulate (PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine – 20-1000 nm) pollutants during highly–intense (spinning, dance fitness, and total body workout - TBW) and moderately–intense (body & mind, muscle group-specific and self-defence techniques) groups activities (n = 138). Inhalation dose was assessed using the USEPA methodology, considering different age categories of practitioners (3 – <61 years old) and genders. The results showed that CO2 concentrations ranged from 1368 mg/m3 (in TBW) -2727 mg/m3 (self-defence-adults), with the protection threshold being exceeded in adult self-defence classes. TVOCs exceeded 4–18 times the protective limits in all classes (2.49 mg/m3 in body & mind – 10.62 mg/m3 in self-defence adults). Across different characterized activities, PM values widely varied (PM10: 20.8–220.8 µg/m3; PM2.5: 9.1–63.5 µg/m3; UFP: 6267–9917 #/cm3) with especially PM10 higher during vigorous human movements; 1.1–4.4 and 1.1–2.5 times exceeding the protective threshold for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. High-intensity classes resulted in 1.4–1.6 times higher inhalation doses than moderate-intensity classes and the total inhaled dose for men was higher (1–8% in high- and moderate-intensity, respectively) than for women. Finally, the inhaled doses by the child population were up to 2.2 times higher than of adults of both genders. It needs to be emphasized that inhaled dose values indirectly indicate the possible health risk to which users are exposed in terms of pollutant intake (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), combining exposure concentration, physical effort and duration of activity.
Joint Response of Surface Subsidence and Strong Mine Earthquake under High-positioned and Thick-hard Strata in Deep Coal Mine
Authors: Zhang Guangchao , Zhang Guangyou , Zhou Guanglei , Zhang Zhaoyun , Ma Junpeng , Lv Kai , Chen Shuiquan , Qu Zhi
Published: July 2024

Multiple active mining faces and extensive excavations under thick-hard strata in deep coal mines result in frequent strong mine earthquakes, often accompanied by significant surface subsidence deformation. Understanding the specific law of surface movement and the spatiotemporal distribution response to intense mine earthquakes is crucial for effectively preventing and mitigating dynamic disasters in deep mines. Utilizing the key layer theory, the intricate strata of the Yingpanhao Coal Mine are systematically delineated, drawing upon the engineering context of working faces 2201 and 2202 within the Ordos Chemical Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Shandong Energy Group. Field investigations are conducted to analyze the law of surface subsidence associated with multi-working face extraction within deep thick-hard strata, as well as to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of strong mine earthquakes. Furthermore, the interplay between law of surface subsidence and the spatial distribution of strong mine earthquakes is investigated, revealing a cohesive relationship between these phenomena. The research findings of this study provide certain references for the pre-control of surface subsidence and strong mine earthquakes during multiple working face and large space mining under thick-hard strata in deep coal mine with similar engineering geological conditions.
Antimicrobial activities of Lippia javanica from Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: ASOWATA-AYODELE ABIOLA MOJISOLA , OLOWOLAJU EZEKIEL
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims
Lippia javanica is an aromatic plants with several biological active compounds including the essential oils. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extract from the fresh and dried leaves of Lippia javanica was validated.
Methods
The essential oil was extracted from fresh and dried leaves and the composition were identified using GC-MS. The brine shrimp lethality test was used to assess the toxicity of the oils. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the plant extracts were determined on bacteria and fungi strains. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the data among the plant fractions at 0.05% alpha level.
Results
The essential oils obtained from the fresh and dried leaves of Lippia javanica have similar chemical composition with most documented reports on other Lippia species. Nineteen active compounds were found to be present in all test oils of Lippia javanica. No significant variations between the aromatic profiles of the fresh and dried leaves, but the extracted oil yielded more in the dried leaves than the fresh leaves (2.7%: 0.7%). The brine shrimp assay of the essential oils extracted from both fresh and dried leaves of Lippia javanica showed LC50 values of 35.7 and 48.7 µg/mL. The oils exhibited a concentration dependent toxicity against brine shrimp. Lippia javanica shows more antibacterial and antifungal potency than the control drug.
Conclusion
Based on this study, it can be inferred that the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Lippia javanica are less toxic and have high antimicrobial potency.
Lethal mediastinal emphysema caused by inhalation of PQ: A case report
Authors: Tang Qing , Xu JIaqi , Wang Hao , Wang Lijun
Published: July 2024

This paper reports on a 22-year-old male presenting with persistent chest pain accompanied by mediastinal emphysema. We firstly considered mediastinal emphysema induced by community-associated pnehumonia. Pathogen detection was performed but no positive results were found. Based on the results of a subsequent lung CT scan, PQ poisoning was suspected. Although there was no trace of PQ in the blood, the nebulizer masks used by patient at home was found to be positive for PQ. The diagnosis was ultimately established as PQ poisoning via inhalation with mediastinal emphysema. This case report explores the clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and treatment complexities of inhaled PQ poisoning, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this rare poisoning route and its atypical symptoms.
Safety of 3D image-guided navigated screw placement in pelvic ring fractures: A consecutive case series.
Authors: Timmer R.A. , Zwaal P. van der , Meylaerts S.A.G.
Published: July 2024

Background
Conventional 2D fluoroscopy-based screw fixation of pelvic ring fractures has high screw misplacement rates and can be technically challenging. Implementation of 3D image-guidance is presumed to simplify screw placement and improve procedural safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of 3D image-guided navigation in screw fixation of pelvic ring fractures.
Methods
A consecutive case series including all patients undergoing 3D CT-guided screw fixation of pelvic ring fractures between 2019–2022 was conducted. Primary study endpoints were screw misplacement, neurological complications and surgical site infections. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results
A total of 90 consecutive patients (180 screws) were included, with 120 transsacral- transiliac screws (TSTI) and 60 sacral-iliac (SI) screws used for posterior fixation, 5 retrograde transpubic screws placed for anterior fixation, and 23 antegrade screws placed into the superior rami. For two patients (2.7%) post-operative cannulated screw misplacements were observed, and one neurological complication due to screw misplacement occurred.
Conclusions
The result of the current study shows that 3D-image CT-guided navigation provides excellent safety, with minimal screw misplacements and minimal neurological complications due to screw misplacement.
Trial registration:
retrospectively registered
Soft Tissue Infection Caused by Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis in Ohio with No Known Exposures Abroad
Authors: Baumgard Zachary , Horn Cody , Patten Eric
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis is a very rare non-tuberculosis mycobacteria that has only been isolated a handful of times. Typically, it has been described as a respiratory infection, however is has been seen as a soft tissue infection once in the past. This case follows an occurrence of Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis soft tissue infection that was found in the United States and follows an individual with no known travelling history.
Methods
This case reports follows the clinical treatment plan of an infection was found after the patient developed dactylitis and AFB culture was performed after tenosynovectomy.
Results
The patient was started on a 3 drug regiment including a macrolide, rifampin, and ethambutol. The patient was initially doing well, however did need another surgical intervention due to concern for median nerve neurolysis. Moxifloxacin was added to the treatment plan at that time.
Conclusion
Further characterization of Mycolibacter Kumamotonensis is required in order to help with work up and management of this organism.
Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus-Associated Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
Authors: Abdullahi khalid Mohamoud , Ali Ahmed Faisal , Li Wei , Wang Binghan , Guo Yajun , shu Qiang
Published: July 2024

Background:
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is highly prevalent in children and associated with various diseases. Monitoring of the spread of HAdV species is crucial in many aspects (e.g. genomic surveillance).
Methods:
A total of 596 throat swabs were collected from pediatric patients diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection in the outpatient department from July 2021 to January 2022. HAdV was detected using a real-time PCR method. HAdV hexon genes were amplified by PCR, sequenced, then analyzed, and compared with the public hexon genes of HAdV using a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Multiple sequence alignments were performed using ClustalW (DNASTAR 7). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the IQ-TREE. Statistical analysis was performed in the IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results:
52 (51.5%) males and 49 (48.5%) females tested positive for HAdV. The difference between the sexes was not significant. 82 HAdV-positive cases (81.2%) were below the age of six. The detection rate was not significant among various age groups. 80 patients (80.8%) were diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection, 15 patients (15.2%) with bronchitis, 3 patients (3.0%) with gastroenteritis, and 1 patient (1.0%) with pneumonia. There was no statistically significant difference among different diagnoses.
Exploring the associations of gut microbiota with inflammatory and the early hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage: From variations to potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Jiang Haixiao , Zeng Wei , Zhang Xiaoli , Cao Demao , Peng Aijun , Zhu Fei
Published: July 2024

Background
Alterations in the intestinal flora composition can influence host inflammation, metabolism, and immune response. Although a great deal of research has explored the possibility of a systemic inflammatory response and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the relationships between gut microbiota and blood inflammatory parameters as well as their role in the hematoma expansion following an early-stage mild-to-moderate ICH (emICH) remain unknown. In addition to examining microbiological indicators and underlying treatment targets, this study analyzes these changes and associations in order to predict and prevent hematoma expansion after emICH.
Methods
A total of 100 participants were enrolled, comprising 70 emICH patients (30 with hematoma expansion and 40 with non-hematoma expansion, i.e., HE and NE groups) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we examined the gut microbiota community in the HE group and investigated its associations with blood inflammatory parameters.
Results
Our results revealed significantly reduced microbial ecosystem richness and evenness in the HE group compared to the HC and NE groups. Substantial changes in the structure of the gut microbiota were seen in the emICH group, particularly in HE. These changes included a rise in the number of gram-negative pro-inflammatory bacteria and a decline in the level of probiotic bacteria. We also identified significant positive correlations between HE-enriched bacteria and systemic inflammatory levels. Several microbial biomarkers (such as Escherichia_Shigella, Enterobacter, and Porphyromonas) were revealed in differentiating HE from HC and NE. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis unveiled dysregulations in fundamental physiological pathways, particularly inflammatory response (such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway), within the HE group.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that emICH patients, particularly those with HE, exhibit distinct host-microbe interactions in comparison to healthy controls. We deduced that emICH could rapidly trigger the dysbiosis of intestinal flora, and the disturbed microbiota could, in turn, exacerbate inflammatory response and increase the risk of hematoma expansion. Our comprehensive findings, indicate the potential of intestinal flora as a predictive tool, emphasizing its significance as a preventive target for HE.
Expression of PDZD4 in colorectal cancer and its impact on colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Yu Ziyue , Wang Zhonghua , Wang Huan , Huang Yafeng , Lai Xiaoxuan
Published: July 2024

Background: CRC, as a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, ranks third in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality among all cancers, representing a significant global public health challenge. PDZ domain-containing protein 4 (PDZD4) has been identified as a reliable biomarker in various tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, but its functional role in CRC remains poorly understood.
Methods: Differential expression of PDZD4 in CRC patients was detected through bioinformatics analysis in the TCGA database, and the correlation between PDZD4 and clinical indicators of CRC patients was analyzed in the GSE17536 dataset. Univariate and multivariate COX analysis was performed to verify whether PDZD4 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for CRC. The biological role of PDZD4 in CRC was analyzed through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The expression differences of PDZD4 in CRC tissues and cells were validated through Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and q-PCR. PDZD4 was overexpressed in SW620 and SW480 CRC cell lines, and the transfection efficiency was verified by Western blot and q-PCR. The regulatory effect of PDZD4 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells was assessed through CCK-8, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. Lastly, the regulatory effect of PDZD4 on the PI3K-AKT pathway was examined through Western blot.
Results:PDZD4 was significantly downregulated in CRC. Low expression of PDZD4 was positively correlated with poor prognosis and higher clinical stage in CRC patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that PDZD4 played multiple biological roles in the progression of CRC. Loss-of-function experiments showed that PDZD4 had significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of CRC cell lines in vitro. Western blot experiments indicated that PDZD4 inhibited the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC cells.
Conclusion: PDZD4 can suppress the progression of CRC by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC cell lines, suggesting the potential of PDZD4 as a new tumor biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
Genotoxicity and acute toxicity of Hyunburikyung-tang: assessing the safety of prescribing traditional Korean medicine for dysmenorrhea
Authors: Jo Sung-young , hwang Sung-min , Kim Jun-sub , Kim Su-yeong , Woo Kyeong-wan , Cho Hyun-woo , Nho Jong-Hyun
Published: July 2024

Background
Hyunburikyung-tang exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 and is clinically used to improve dysmenorrhea in Korea. It contains various medicinal plants including peach seeds (Prunus persica Batsch) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linn). Peach seeds contain amygdalin, which demonstrates teratogenic effects, and safflower is reported to cause reproductive toxicity and teratogenic effects in mice. These findings raise concerns regarding the teratogenic potential of these substances. A potential correlation exists between genotoxicity and teratogenicity. Genotoxic substances can damage DNA and cause mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, which may result in developmental malformations. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether Hyunburikyung-tang causes acute toxicity or genotoxicity.
Methods
Male and female rats were orally administered Hynburikyung-tang to assess acute toxicity. Body weight measurements, general symptom observations, and autopsy examinations were used to confirm toxic responses. Genotoxicity assessment was conducted with bacteria, cells, and mice, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines.
Results
Regarding acute toxicity assessment, no toxic reactions were observed when male and female rats received oral doses of Hyunburikyung-tang (626, 1,250, or 2,500 mg/kg). The genotoxicity tests, which included assessments of reverse mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and micronucleus formation, showed no genotoxic responses.
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that Hyunburikyung-tang does not induce acute toxicity or genotoxicity. Nevertheless, follow-up research should be conducted to confirm toxicity caused by repeated administration.
A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the inhibitory effect of sphenopalatine ganglion needling on the overactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway in mucosal cells of patients with allergic rhinitis.
Authors: Zhang Peng , chen lu-quan , shnag Xiao-juan , Guan Rui , Lin Lu-lu , Yu Li
Published: July 2024

Background
In Chinese clinical practice, the stimulation of sphenopalatine ganglion with a 60mm filiform needle has been utilized for over 50 years to treat rhinitis. Compared to using a 25mm filiform needle to stimulate Xiaguan point on Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming, this method demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating rhinitis symptoms despite being inserted at the same position. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between acupuncture stimulation of sphenopalatine ganglion and ST7 point and their respective therapeutic mechanisms, providing evidence-based medical support for modern acupoint structure research.
Methods
This study aims to employ a randomized single-blind controlled trial design, enrolling patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis as the subjects. The intervention method will involve 60mm filiform needle acupuncture targeting the sphenopalatine ganglion, while 25mm filiform needle acupuncture at Xiaguan point will serve as the control. Both groups of patients will receive acupuncture treatment twice a week for a duration of 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week period for monitoring and evaluation.A comparison between the two groups will be conducted regarding the activation pattern of NF-κB signaling pathway, levels of inflammatory factors, and improvements in nasal ventilation function in terms of degree and speed. The objective is to determine whether there is a shared mechanism underlying rhinitis induced by acupuncture at both the sphenopalatine ganglion and Xiaguan point.
Discussion
Acupuncture of sphenopalatine ganglion provides a non-drug approach for rhinitis treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of acupuncture at SPG and ST7 acupoints in terms of symptom improvement, modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and enhancement of nasal ventilation function. This novel investigation will contribute further clinical evidence towards addressing the issue of vague acupoint structure descriptions. However, certain limitations exist within this study, including challenges in evaluating stimulus volume, a relatively short follow-up period, and an insufficient sample size.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2300073792),Registered on 20 July 2023.
Species integrity and ploidy stability despite extensive gene flow via introgressive hybridization: The case of Betula species in Iceland
Authors: Leduc Benjamin , Thórsson Ægir Thór , Anamthawat-Jónsson Kesara
Published: July 2024

Background
Introgressive hybridization is common in natural birch woodlands in Iceland, where two birch (Betula) species (diploid dwarf birch B. nana and tetraploid tree birch B. pubescens) coexist and hybridize readily. Our previous botanical, cytogenetic and palynological studies show that triploid hybrids can mediate gene flow between the two species. Our previous molecular study based on chloroplast haplotyping confirms the hybrid introgression and provides information about the genetic origin of Betula species in Iceland. The question remains, however, as to what extent nuclear gene flow is involved in this hybrid introgression process. The objective of the present study was therefore to use nuclear markers to probe birch introgressive hybridization.
Results
AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis was performed on genomic DNA isolated from 169 individual Betula plants (67 diploid B. nana, 82 tetraploid B. pubescens and 20 triploid hybrids), from birch woodlands in Iceland in comparison to those from northern Scandinavia. The generated 115 polymorphic markers were subjected to analysis of molecular variance across ploidy groups, locations, and major chloroplast haplotypes. A new R package, Linarius, was developed for use with this mixed ploidy dataset. All markers were considered nuclear as no allele specific to any chloroplast haplotypes was detected. The results were to a certain extent congruent with those from our previous chloroplast study. No ploidy- or species-specific alleles were detected, confirming bidirectional introgression. Almost all alleles were shared among all three ploidy groups, confirming gene flow via hybridization. The most striking difference, however, was that the nuclear markers clearly differentiated between diploid B. nana and tetraploid B. pubescens, whereas the chloroplast haplotype variation was non-significant. The triploid hybrid group was scattered within both ploidy clusters, in line with its role as a bridge to introgression. This nuclear separation between the two species is comparable to that from our previous analysis based on species- specific morphological characters, implying that the whole genomes may be selected for species adaptability in their different habitats. Furthermore, the present AFLP study depicted a clear east-west geographical separation among Icelandic Betula populations, based on both genetic distance analysis and anamorphosis modelling. This geographical separation is prominent in B. nana while B. pubescens is more genetically homogeneous.
Conclusion
The present study shows that despite extensive gene flow, Betula species maintain their species integrity and ploidy stability. This in turn allows the long-term survival of the species in their local habitats.
Derotational Distal Femoral Osteotomy Yields Better Outcomes in Patellar Dislocation With Supracondylar Femoral Torsion Compared With Distal Femoral Torsion: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Jia Yanfeng , Bao Hongwei , Hou Jingzhao , sun Ran , Wang Zhao , Jiang Junjie , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhai Leilei
Published: July 2024

Background:Controversy exists regarding the origin of femoral torsion, and specific treatment rules regarding the optimal position of femoral osteotomy in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) and excessive femoral torsion are scarce.Purpose:To establish a novel classification system for such patients, and to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after derotational distal femoral osteotomy (DDFO) between femoral torsion at supracondylar (neck and shaft) and distal levels.Methods:Between January 2014 and June 2019, patients who underwent DDFO were retrospectively reviewed. The segmental torsion analysis was performed to establish a novel classification system, and classify included patients into two groups: 35 patients in supracondylar torsion group and 38 patients in distal torsion group. These patients were followed-up for at least 3 years. Clinical evaluations included functional outcomes, physical examinations, quality of life, activity level, satisfaction, and complications. Radiological outcomes included patellofemoral osteoarthritis, congruence, and alignment.Results:Type I was defined as the supracondylar torsion. Type II was defined as the distal torsion. Supracondylar torsion group had lower postoperative femoral torsion (12.6 ± 2.6° vs 14.8 ± 3.6°;P= .004) and higher surgical correction angle (21.6 ± 5.0° vs 19.1 ± 3.0°;P= .009). All clinical and radiological outcomes improved significantly in both groups, but supracondylar torsion group had significantly higher quality of life (EQ-5D-5L: 0.96 ± 0.06 vs 0.91 ± 0.07;P= .003. EQ-VAS: 92.0 ± 6.0 vs 88.7 ± 5.8;P= .021) and Tegner activity score (5.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.5 ± 1.4;P= .040), and fewer patellofemoral osteoarthritis (8.6% vs 26.3%;P= .048). Two patients in the distal torsion group had subjective patellar instability. The percentage of patients with anterior knee pain was higher in the distal torsion group.Conclusion:A novel classification system for patients with RPD and excessive femoral torsion based on segmental femoral torsion analysis was established. DDFO was more appropriate for patients with supracondylar torsion, yielding higher surgical correction angle, and better clinical and radiological outcomes.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Risk factor analysis and prediction modeling for the occurrence of perioperative complications in abdominal wall incisional hernia patients
Authors: Shi Shuai , Feng Tao , Wu Yun-hua , Wu Xi , Chen Zun , Gao De-jian , Duan Xiang-long , Wang Ze-zheng
Published: July 2024

Aim: The occurrence of perioperative complications in patients with abdominal wall incisional hernia not only affects their postoperative recovery but also increases their financial burden and pain. Therefore, the influencing factors predicting the occurrence of perioperative complications in abdominal wall incisional hernia should be determined, so that clinicians can perform perioperative patient management and early interventions before surgery to reduce the occurrence of complications.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included 212 patients with incisional hernia of the abdominal wall in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was applied to optimize factor selection, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to construct a predictive model. The performance and clinical utility of the nomogram were determined, and internal validation was conducted.
Results: The prediction nomogram showed that abnormal preoperative pulmonary function, defect in the central region of the anterior abdominal wall, hernia size, and intraoperative bleeding were predictors of perioperative complications in abdominal wall incisional hernia. The model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.771 (95% confidence interval: 0.687–0.767). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the perioperative complications risk nomogram had a good net clinical benefit.
Conclusions: We developed a nomogram to help clinicians identify abdominal wall incisional hernia patients who are at a greater risk of perioperative complications, which may aid in early intervention and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications in them.
The correlation between ANA and pregnancy loss and their impact on IVF/ICSI-ET pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Liu Manman , Zhang Hebo , Xu Shilian , Zhang Rui , Yuan Mengfan , Ren Bingnan , Zhang Wenjuan , Liu Zhaozhao , Guan Yichun
Published: July 2024

The relationship between antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or single pregnancy loss (PL) is unclear. In this retrospective study, patients first seen at the hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 and who underwent two ANA tests within 4-6 weeks were included. After exclusion of confounding factors, patients were divided into the non-PL, single-PL or RPL group according to previous number of PLs, and the correlation between PL and ANA was analysed. The first embryo transfer (ET) after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) without immunological treatment was selected in the RPL group, and patients were classified into the ANA-negative subgroup or ANA1:80 subgroup according to ANA titre. The effect of ANA on pregnancy outcomes in the RPL patients after IVF/ICSI-ET was further analysed. The results of multivariate unordered logistic regression showed that when the non-PL group was used as the reference, ANA positivity was an independent risk factor for RPL (P=0.023) but not for single PL (P=0.654). When the single-PL group was used as the reference, ANA positivity was an independent risk factor for RPL (P=0.022). There was no significant difference in ANA titre among the three groups of ANA-positive patients (P=0.106). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the early PL rate of the ANA1:80 subgroup was significantly higher than that of the ANA-negative subgroup (P=0.039), and the total PL rate of the ANA1:80 subgroup was significantly higher than that of the ANA-negative subgroup (P=0.033). The results showed that ANA positivity may be related to RPL occurrence, but there was no significant correlation between ANA positivity and single PL. ANA positivity (titre 1:80) is associated with PL occurrence in RPL patients after transplantation, and the correlation is reflected mainly in the first trimester. RPL patients should be screened for ANA and receive treatment.
Shaping Corticospinal Pathways in Virtual Reality: Task Complexity and Sensory Feedback in Mirror Therapy
Authors: Norris Trevor A. , Augenstein Thomas E. , Rodriguez Kazandra M. , Claflin Edward S. , Krishnan Chandramouli
Published: July 2024

Background
Restoration of limb function for individuals with unilateral weakness typically requires volitional muscle control, which is often not present for individuals with severe impairment. Mirror therapy—interventions using a mirror box to reflect the less-impaired limb onto the more-impaired limb—can facilitate corticospinal excitability, leading to enhanced recovery in severely impaired clinical populations. However, the mirror box applies limitations on mirror therapy, namely that all movements appear bilateral and are confined to a small area, impeding integration of complex activities and multisensory feedback (e.g., visuo-tactile stimulation). These limitations can be addressed with virtual reality, but the resulting effect on corticospinal excitability is unclear.
Objective
Examine how virtual reality-based unilateral mirroring, complex activities during mirroring, and visuo-tactile stimulation prior to mirroring affect corticospinal excitability.
Materials and Methods
Participants (n = 17) donned a virtual reality system (NeuRRoVR) that displayed a first-person perspective of a virtual avatar that matched their motions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials in the nondominant hand muscles were used to evaluate corticospinal excitability in four conditions: resting, mirroring, mirroring with prior visuo-tactile stimulation (mirroring + TACT), and control. During mirroring, the movements of each participant’s dominant limb were reflected onto the nondominant limb of the virtual avatar, and the avatar’s dominant limb was kept immobile (i.e., unilateral mirroring). The mirroring + TACT condition was the same as the mirroring condition, except that mirroring was preceded by visuo-tactile stimulation of the nondominant limb. During the control condition, unilateral mirroring was disabled. During all conditions, participants performed simple (flex/extend fingers) and complex (stack virtual blocks) activities.
Results
We found that unilateral mirroring increased corticospinal excitability compared to no mirroring (p = 0.018), complex activities increased excitability compared to simple activities during mirroring (p < 0.001), and visuo-tactile stimulation prior to mirroring decreased excitability (p = 0.026). We also found that these features did not interact with each other.
Discussions
The findings of this study shed light onto the neurological mechanisms of mirror therapy and demonstrate the unique ways in which virtual reality can augment mirror therapy. The findings have important implications for rehabilitation for design of virtual reality systems for clinical populations.
GNSS-A Observation Model with Attached Oceanic Slowness Gradient
Authors: Wang Kaiming , Xue Shuqiang , Xiao Zhen , Zhao Shuang , Zhu Jixing
Published: July 2024

The Global Navigation Satellite System-Acoustic (GNSS-A) geodetic observation model needs to consider the spatiotemporal variation of sound velocity to achieve centimeter-level precision positioning. Existing research has mainly explored high-precision GNSS-A observation models from the perspective of the four-dimensional sound velocity field in the ocean. In fact, it is more directly effective to discuss the construction of high-precision positioning models from the perspective of the four-dimensional slowness field in the ocean. This paper investigates the impact of oceanic slowness variation on geodetic positioning. Under the assumption of a single-layer slowness field (SSF), a GNSS-A observation model with an attached slowness gradient is proposed. This model has significant advantages in simplifying the observation model formula and improving the efficiency of model solving. The proposed model and algorithm are validated through actual measurements and simulated GNSS-A data. The results show that the positioning accuracy in deep sea using the observation model with an attached slowness gradient can reach centimeter-level, comparable to the traditional sound velocity error compensation model. It has the same effectiveness as traditional sound velocity parameter estimation but with higher computational efficiency.
Precision diagnostics of COVID-19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae through random forest and biomarkers integration
Authors: Zhou Xun , Zhang Jie , Deng Xiu-Mei , Fu Fang-Mei , Wang Juan-Min , Zhang Zhong-Yuan , Zhang Xian-Qiang , Luo Yue-Xing , Zhang Shi-Yan
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for precise diagnostic methods to distinguish between similar respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Identifying key biomarkers and utilizing machine learning techniques like Random Forest analysis can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 214 acute respiratory infections patients, categorized into three groups: COVID-19 positive (n = 52), MP-positive (n = 140), and co-infected with both positive (n = 22). Key biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were evaluated. The Random Forest algorithm was applied to analyze the discriminative power of these biomarkers. Our analysis revealed significant correlations between age, PCT, IL-6, CRP, and the patient groups. The Random Forest model demonstrated high classification performance with area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores of 0.91 for COVID-19, 0.90 for MP, and 0.65 for co-infections. Feature importance analysis indicated that age, CRP, IL6, and PCT were the most significant predictors. Confusion matrices and Spearman correlation heatmaps highlighted the model's accuracy and the relationships between different biomarkers. The integration of computational methods, particularly Random Forest analysis, in evaluating clinical and biomarker data presents a promising approach for enhancing diagnostic processes for infectious diseases. Our findings support the use of specific biomarkers in differentiating between COVID-19 and MP, potentially leading to more targeted and effective diagnostic strategies. This study underscores the potential of machine learning techniques in improving disease classification in the era of precision medicine.
A study of the effect of physical activity on depression in patients with orthopedic injuries in the context of rehabilitative exercise perspective
Authors: TAO Ai-hua , Zhang Qiu-yue , TAO Hai-bing , ZHOU Qun , HOU Ai-jun
Published: July 2024

Objective The study aims to explore the effects of physical activity on depression in individuals.
Methods Through a 2(time: pre-test, post-test) x 3( subgroups: orthopedic patients, sports group, non-sports group) three-factor mixed experimental design, 76 orthopedic patients, 114 non-sports students, and 106 sports students were selected as the study subjects, and the intervention was carried out for 2 weeks using the exercise video-exercise course, respectively, insequence, and the Flux Center Depression Questionnaire was tested before and after the intervention.
Results Overall, depression scores were lower in the sports group (M=9.52, SD=2.94) than in the non-sports group (M=14.71, SD=2.17) than in the orthopedic group (M=15.25, SD=2.15).When, on the pre-test, depression scores were lower in the sports group (M=14.19, SD=0.49) than in the non-sports group (M=15.33, SD=1.81) than in the orthopedic injury group (M=15.63, SD=1.91), when ,on the post-test, depression scores were significantly lower in the sports group (M=9.20, SD=2.36) than in the non-sports group (M=13.19, SD=0.98) significantly lower than in the orthopedic injury group (M=13.49, SD=0.73).
Conclusion Watching physical exercise can alleviate depression in individuals, both in the general population and in patients with orthopedic injuries. And there may be no group differences in the positive effects of watching physical exercise. The positive mood effects of actually participating in physical activity may be greater than the positive effects of watching physical activity.
Evaluation of Xpert MTB Host Response assay for the diagnosis of patients with Active tuberculosis in China
Authors: Zhao Miaomiao , Xu Ping , Xu Lulu
Published: July 2024

Objective: The World Health Organization regards the development of rapid non-sputum diagnostic reagents as a high priority for TB diagnosis(1). The host peripheral blood 3-gene (GBP5, DUSP3 and KLF2) was found and verified to have high diagnostic value for active tuberculosis (ATB)(2, 3). The clinical diagnostic value of the new 3-genes ( GBP5, DUSP3 and TBP ) modified by Cepheid company has not been evaluated
Methods: We used a retrospective cohort study of 297 clinical ATB patients, 103 patients with other pulmonary diseases (OPD), and 79 healthy subjects are used as healthy controls (HC).The receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC curve ) was used to analyze the value of TB score in the diagnosis of ATB.
Results: The AUC of TB score between ATB group and HC group was 0.879 and OPD group, respectively. The treatment duration and bacterial burden of ATB will affect the diagnostic efficacy of TB score. When only ATB patients within 3 days were included, the AUC was 0.895 and 0.715 and 0.715 for ATB and AUC was 0.952 and 0.778, respectively. Positive patients within 3 days were included, the TB score AUC was 0.936 and 0.788 for ATB from HC and OPD.
Conclusion: 3-gene TB score test can be used as a rapid blood screening test for clinical ATB patients, and its own bacterial load is an important factor affecting its detection. In addition, with increasing treatment duration in ATB patients, TB scores have increased, with some potential to monitor treatment response.
A Retrial queueing system with negative arrival under Bernoulli vacation schedule and optional repair
Authors: Kumar Binay
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we examine a single-server queuing model where units join the queue according to a Poisson arrival process. The server encounters two distinct customer types. The first type is the positive customer, who promptly joins the service if a server is free. Otherwise, they enter an imaginary queue called a retrial orbit and make subsequent service attempts after a certain period. The second customer type is the negative customer, whose arrival not only results in a server failure but also entails the removal of the customer currently being serviced. Following a failure, the server undergoes immediate essential repairs, with an option for additional optional repairs upon completion. Upon concluding the service of a positive customer, the server may opt for a vacation with a probability denoted by 'θ'. Further we have applied server orbital search policy to reduce the idle time of server after completion of service or repair or vacation. We employ the supplementary variable technique to comprehensively analyze the model and derive explicit expressions for performance measures. To provide practical insights, we conduct a numerical illustration to investigate the sensitivity of various parameters on performance indices.
MSC: 60K25 68M20 90B22
Enhanced Efficiency and Security in Cross-Chain Transmission of Blockchain Internet of Ports through Multi-Feature-Based Joint Learning
Authors: Xie Zeqiang , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Xinbing
Published: July 2024

To enhance the timeliness of cross-chain transmission (CCT) in port blockchain Internet of Things (IoT), this study proposes a load adaptive control method tailored for CCT within port blockchain IoT networks. It establishes a balanced configuration model for CCT links within the blockchain IoT framework in port areas. The method facilitates compensation and adjustment of joint autocorrelation dynamic parameters pertinent to blockchain IoT devices within port environments through load-balancing scheduling techniques. Furthermore, it examines the correlation constraint parameter characteristics governing CCT control of blockchain IoT within port zones. Leveraging parameter estimation and priority scheduling methodologies for blockchain IoT CCT links, the study employs multi-feature joint learning (MFJL) to construct a load estimation model specific to CCT within port blockchain IoT settings. Moreover, the interference suppression of blockchain IoT CCT in port areas is addressed via the MFJL algorithm, which also facilitates the analysis of distinct characteristic components of cross-chain switching channels. The study implements adaptive multi-channel joint bus control and link balance designs for blockchain IoT CCT within port locales through grid scheduling and cross-chain parameter fusion methods. These endeavours aim to enhance the balance and real-time performance of blockchain IoT CCT within port zones. Simulation outcomes demonstrate notable efficacy, with the average input value of cross-chain energy efficiency for blockchain IoT in port areas reaching 5Mbps, the highest output value peaking at 9Mbps, and the average CCT queue length hovering around 1dB. Additionally, the energy consumption of blockchain IoT devices in port areas is observed to decrease by 1KJ by adopting this methodology.