bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of wall-bounded turbulence from wall quantities using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Guastoni Luca , Encinar Miguel P. , Schlatter Philipp , Azizpour Hossein , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: June 2020

A fully-convolutional neural-network model is used to predict the streamwise velocity fields at several wall-normal locations by taking as input the streamwise and spanwise wall-shear-stress planes in a turbulent open channel flow. The training data are generated by performing a direct numerical simulation (DNS) at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ = 180. Various networks are trained for predictions at three inner-scaled locations (y+ = 15, 30, 50) and for different time steps between input samples Δt+
s. The inherent non-linearity of the neural-network model enables a better prediction capability than linear methods, with a lower error in both the instantaneous flow fields and turbulent statistics. Using a dataset with higher Δt+
s improves the generalization at all the considered wall-normal locations, as long as the network capacity is sufficient to generalize over the dataset. The use of a multiple-output network, with parallel dedicated branches for two wall-normal locations, does not provide any improvement over two separated single-output networks, other than a moderate saving in training time. Training time can be effectively reduced, by a factor of 4, via a transfer learning method that initializes the network parameters using the optimized parameters of a previously-trained network.
A note on the reconstruction of a 3D-3C velocity field for box turbulence
Authors: Sasaki Eiichi , Ohzeki Masayuki
Published: June 2020

We examine the reconstruction of a three-dimensional three-component (3D-3C) snapshot velocity field in a torus using a denoising method of compressed sensing. Using 30% of the total grid points, we could reconstruct the velocity with a relative error of approximately 10%.
Simulating interactions between topography, permafrost, and vegetation in Siberian larch forest
Authors: Sato Hisashi , Kobayashi Hideki , Beer Christian , Fedorov Alexander
Published: June 2020

In eastern Siberia, topography controls the abundance of the larch forest via both drought and flooding stresses. For the reconstruction of these topographical effects, we modified a dynamic vegetation model to represent soil water relocation owing to within-grid heterogeneity of elevation, over-wet-kill of trees, and air temperature differences within-grid. After calibration, the model reasonably reconstructed the geographical distributions of observation-based-estimates of fundamental properties of plant productivity and thermo-hydrology. Thus, the model appropriately responded to environmental gradients in eastern Siberia. The modified model also partially reconstructed the topography control on tree abundance and thermo-hydrology status in eastern Siberia, although its geographical distribution was not always good. In the modified model, soil water redistribution increased the risk of over-wet-kill in lower elevation classes, whereas it reduced the risk of over-wet-kill for larch trees in higher elevation classes. We demonstrated that without considering the latter effect, forest collapse due to over-wet stress would happen throughout eastern Siberia under a forecasted climatic condition during the 21st century, which will deliver a much moister environment throughout eastern Siberia. Therefore, modeling the over-wet-kill of trees without considering topographical heterogeneity would result in the overestimation of forest collapse caused by the over-wet-kill of trees under an expected climate trend in eastern Siberia.
Community engagement and public awareness on safe city program based on road safety initiatives
Authors: Mazlan Ain Naadia , Nor Lizan Mohd Hanif , Aminuddin Eeydzah , Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul , Warid Naqiuddin , Mohd Azman , Mohamed Mohd Firdaus
Published: June 2020

The Ministry of Housing and Local Government (KPKT) initiated Safe City Program in August 2004 as a move towards creating a safe communities and environment in urban areas to improve public quality of life. It served as a crime prevention measure in ensuring the crime rate in the city can be reduced and enables the residents to live, comfortably and safely without fear. To implement this program, each municipal council’s department of town and country planning lead the effort by designing a safe environment and reduce the chance to commit crimes. This study aims to evaluate public awareness of safe city program implementation in Johor Bahru district. Community engagement is important to make sure local community fully aware about safe city program and help in making the program successful. To determine the level of awareness, 80 questionnaires were distributed to public community around affected areas. The data were then analysed using spread sheet program and SPSS. Result has shown that public awareness is closely related with physical visibility for each safe city initiatives. The significant of the study is to provide strategy to increase public awareness for the continuation of safe city program in the future.
Design, Material Selection and Manufacturing for Sustainable Construction: An Analytical Network Process Approach
Authors: Haruna A , Shafiq N , Montasir O A , Haruna S , Mohammed M
Published: June 2020

Sustainable design, material selection and manufacturing of building materials serve as an important aspects of building project. Recent design decision, material selection and material manufacturing procedures fail to provide remedy to the environmental impacts caused in terms of carbon footprint and embodied energy. The research report in this paper was to address the issue in the Malaysia construction industry. This paper presented an Analytical Network Process (ANP) which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique to determine the effective strategy for material impact towards the environment with respect to design, selection and manufacturing of the building material to develop a less embodied energy profile buildings. An expert opinion survey was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire which was scaled according to saaty’s with (1) equal importance to (9) extreme importance. Three (3) responses were received which satisfies Saaty’s assertion on ANP. The retrieved questionnaire was then filled into the multi criteria decision making tools and findings showed that the most important priorities base on expert opinion were use of recyclable material at design stage, use of innovative material during manufacturing and maximize the use of local skills.
Bond behaviour of geopolymer concrete in structural application: A review
Authors: Abdul Sani M F A , Muhamad R
Published: June 2020

Sustainable manufacturing materials are being developed and utilized until now due to its remarkable reduction of carbon footprint along with significant structural and mechanical performances. To gain wide acceptance in the construction industries, the bond between geopolymer concrete and the reinforcing bar should be investigated beforehand. It is a critical factor that influences the behaviour of structures, specifically bond strength that will be very crucial for structural applications. Therefore, this paper review aims to describe and summarize the utilization of GPC on previous pull-out testing. A total of 10 papers on the pull-out test with different bond strengths and parameters have been summarized and discussed. Findings from the results show that effect of geopolymer blending, compressive strength, cover-to-diameter (C/D) ratio and embedment length of GPC specimens have a significant influence on the bond strength. Based on the parameters from previous experimental studies, GPC is comparable with OPC concrete, but further research needs to be carried out to investigate the structural behaviour utilizing GPC for construction application.
Review on interlocking compressed earth brick
Authors: Abdullah E S R , Mirasa A K , Asrah H , Lim C H
Published: June 2020

Soil is known as the most cost-effective material in construction since available locally and has been used for centuries. Soil widely used throughout the world in brick production including Malaysia. The used of soil in construction can reduce environmental issues and act as a green building material. In addition, high pressure of compression is used to produce the interlocking bricks and it is at high speed of production compared to conventional method which is firing process that can contribute to the environmental issues. To achieve sustainable development, interlocking compressed earth bricks have been developed which can reduce cost, environmental-friendly, and energy-efficient. This paper aims to review the interlocking compressed earth bricks (ICEB).
Study on removal of pollutant from batik wastewater using coal bottomash (CBA)
Authors: Jamaludin M Z
Published: June 2020

Batik, which is a hand-painted product which is richly colored pattern. It is a textile industrial wastewater and usually releases their industrial effluents into the river without any proper treatment. Coal bottomash (CBA) derived from coal combustion for electricity generation in power plants or some industries and the characteristic of CBA may depend upon the raw coal source, size, type of coal burner and the operating conditions of the burner. The main objectives of this study were to identify the efficiency treated and untreated CBA in the treatment of batik wastewater effluents and to determine the size of bottom ash suitable for the fixed-bed column treatment mechanism. CBA was washed, treated with HCl, HNO3, and H2O2 and dried for the preparation fixed bed column. Batik waste water treatment efficiency was enhanced by the use of treated CBA fixed-bed column with size 0.45 mm and reduced the TSS, BOD, and turbidity by 41.6%, 65.3% and 75.6%, respectively. CBA is an effective and inexpensive for the removal of color, BOD, TSS and turbidity due to its high porosity and adsorption capacity. Problems of environmental pollution can also be minimized by utilization of CBA-fixed bed column in batik industries waste water treatment.
A study on the potential of geopolymer artificial aggregate as substitute for granite and limestone aggregate
Authors: Manaf M B H Ab , Abdul Razak R , Muhamad K , Abdul Rahim M , Ahmad M M , Hao T P
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to determine the potential of geopolymer artificial aggregate as substitute for granite and limestone aggregates. Several aggregate property test such as aggregate impact test, aggregate crushing test, specific gravity test, water absorption test and the Los Angeles Abrasion test are done on the aggregates. The fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate is produced through geopolymerisation by mixing fly ash with alkaline solution. The results show that the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate is lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value and crushing value for fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate are slightly higher compared to natural aggregate while the water absorption value is much higher compared to natural aggregate. Furthermore, the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate has higher value in the Los Angeles Abrasion. Overall, the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate can be considered as one of the construction materials in the roadwork pavement and in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.
Evaluation of the use of tiles waste in stabilization of subgrade layer with rice husk ash as an activator agent
Authors: Azizan Fairus Azwan , Marhami Nur Sabreena , Rahman Zanariah Abd , Arshad Ahmad Kamil , Azhar Ismail Mohd Khairul
Published: June 2020

Good design of highway gives a crucial contribution to economic growth and social benefit by providing access to employment, health and education services. In the process of designing the highway, the importance of having natural soil as subgrade layer is crucial to ensure the quality of road itself. One of the primary and major processes in the construction of highway is subgrade soil stabilization. Waste generation is increasing year by year due to the large amount of waste produced in Malaysia. That included tile waste (TW) and rice husk ash (RHA). The disposal of TW and RHA is currently a major problem in Malaysia in which it can be effectively used for soil stabilization. One of the attempt in this study is to make use of TW as an additive and RHA as an activator to stabilize clayey soil whereby this type of soil will have low bearing capacity which it is generally swell when in contact with moisture and shrink when the moisture squeezes out. Other than stabilization, many studies was conducted with the aim of reducing the cost for soil stabilization by means of using TW and RHA as the world is now facing a serious problem on handling disposal materials. The main aim of this study is to determine the optimum percentage of TW content with 10% of RHA as an activator agent in stabilization of problematic soil with low bearing capacity in the area of Batu Kawan, Pulau Pinang. It was found that soil was stabilized with five proportions of TW (15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%) and constant RHA of 10% was used as an activator agent. The specimens were then cured for 0, 7 and 14 days before being subjected to the unconfined compression test (UCT). It was found that the optimum percentage of TW is at 30% added with RHA of 10% in soil. The highest value of UCT test for the particular sample was found to be 250.6 kN/m2. Therefore, the test results showed that the TW-RHA admixture could effectively improve the strength of problematic soil.
Behaviour of shear strength envelope mixing with usable cooking oil using consolidated drained triaxial test
Authors: Abdul Rahman A S , Sidek N , Hamzah N , Ahmad J , Mohd Fazlan M I
Published: June 2020

Awareness of peoples towards environmental impact assessment to sustainable development have been progressively increase from time to time. For that reason, this research is focusing on the effect of the usable daily cooking oils to the shear strength of soil which easily thrown into the soil in the backyard of the houses. Due to that, the mixing of oil with water in the soil may lead to reduction in shear strength and thus will lead to failure in a foundation of structures. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shear strength of soil when mixing with usable cooking oil with 5% and 10% and compared it with the soil without mixing with usable cooking oil using single stage triaxial consolidated drained test. Finding reveal that there is significant reduction in shear strength for control specimens with the mixing of 5% and 10% of usable cooking oil. For control specimens, the shear strength was at 26° of effective friction angles whereas for specimens mixing with 5% and 10% was at 22° and 20° respectively. The shear strength was deduced for about 6° for specimens in natural and mix with 10% of usable cooking oil. In the end, results show that reduction in shear strength will continuously decreased with the increase of the quantities of usable cooking oil and thus will reflect towards the failure of a foundation.
3D Numerical modelling on the thermal performance of reinforced concrete encased wide-flanged steel column
Authors: Latiff K A A , Rizalman A N , Harith N S H , Razak S M S A , Mohamad M E
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the development and verification of a three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling to predict the thermal performance of reinforced concrete encased wide-flanged steel (RCEWFS) column. The numerical model was developed using finite element software, ABAQUS. Then, the verified model was used to determine the suitable value for heat transfer conductance, time step and mesh size that provide the most reliable prediction against the experimental results. The parametric studies were also conducted to study the effect of rising time of fire exposure, section size, and flange width of I-section on the thermal performance of the RCEWFS column. From this study, it can be concluded that the predictions by the 3D numerical model are reliable and accurate. The study on the contour of the model shows that the thermal behaviour of concrete is non-linear
The effects of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) addition to the characteristics of asphalt mixture
Authors: Lubis A S , Muis Z A , Siregar N A
Published: June 2020

Improving the quality of asphalt by adding additives like polymers, one of which is Polyethylene mixed in the AC-WC asphalt mixture. This research aims to determine the effect of adding Polyethylene on the characteristics of AC-WC asphalt mixture and bitumen properties. Polyethylene used is the Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) type, especially thin plastic bags with 0%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15% and 20% contents of the asphalt weight. The Marshall Test is conducted to determine the value of stability and flow, and the Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM) Test is conducted to determine the value of dynamic stability and the rate of deformation of the asphalt mixture. The results show that the addition of LDPE can improve the performance of the asphalt mixture. The addition of 6% LDPE shows the optimum quality seen from the Marshall Test parameters. In the WTM Test, it found that the addition of 6% LDPE was increasing the value of dynamic stability and decreasing the rate of deformation. It shows that the addition of 6% LDPE can improve the performance of the asphalt mixture in receiving repeated loads due to tire repetition, as well as increasing crack resistance.
Experimental study on radial interacting corrosion for X42 pipelines
Authors: Idris N N , Mustaffa Z , Fauzi A S A
Published: June 2020

The integrity of pipeline is compromised when corrosion develops. The corrosion referred to radial interacting corrosion which is happening internally and externally of pipeline wall at the same time. This paper investigates the effect of corrosion in the radial direction towards the failure burst pressure. Four types of corrosion defect arrangement were developed from literatures and tested experimentally to compare the failure burst pressure of the pipes with radial interacting corrosion and external corrosion. The external corrosion failure burst pressure was calculated theoretically by using Modified ASME B31G standard. The results of the failure burst pressure have shown that pipes having radial interacting corrosion fails at a lower burst pressure compared to the pipes having only external corrosion defect.
Properties of pulverized kaolin particles via ball-to-powder weight ratios milling process: XRF and Zetasizer particle size analysis
Authors: Shakrani S A , Ayob A , Rahim M A , Alias S
Published: June 2020

Kaolin particles were pulverized in order to reduce the size by using high-energy ball milling under various ball-to-powder weight ratios. The elemental composition and particle size analysis of milled kaolin particles were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and Zetasizer particle size analyzer. The increased in ball-to-powder weight ratios have raised the amounts of oxide minerals such as K2O, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, SO3 and LOI in the kaolin particles while reducing the concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, and MnO as compared to the control sample. Kaolin particles reached an average of 944nm in size after milling for 4hr under ball-to-powder weight ratio of 4, which is much smaller than unpulverized kaolin particles at the average mean size of 9.985µm. The energy dissipation has produced a very strong energy impacts and fractures in order to produce the number of collisions between balls and container wall in the high-energy ball milling process to allow the reduction of particles size of kaolin. This enables kaolin particles to be reduced in size and produced in the practically simple, effective, and low-cost process using high-energy ball milling. However, the continuous milling has caused the particles to agglomerate as a way to release the excessive specific surface energy and micro strains produced by high-energy ball milling.
Impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance in Physics, in Sokoto-Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad Bello
Published: June 2020

The importance of understanding the factors that drives academic performance in education and policy making can never be over emphasized. This research studied how instructional materials improve the academic performance of physics in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Senior Secondary students (SS1, SS2 & SS3) from three schools were used for the study; the schools were having a total of 2850 students. Students and teachers were involved in the study. The study used descriptive survey method and percentages were used in analyzing the research questions raised by the study. Further analysis and interpretation of the data revealed that there is inadequate instructional materials and also few physics teachers in Sokoto uses instructional materials in teaching which has impact on the level of performance of the students. Recommendations were suggested to the Policy makers to provide basic instructional materials and monitor the use and maintenance of the materials in various schools.
Numerical study on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser at high Reynolds number using COMSOL multiphysics
Authors: Faizal Ahmad M , Mohd Haniffah Mohd Ridza , Kueh Ahmad , Kasiman Erwan Hafizi
Published: June 2020

Flow around a marine riser in water at the drag crisis regime was investigated using numerical modelling. In this regime, the drag coefficient drops off at a certain Reynolds number due to a change from laminar to turbulent flow. The aim is to investigate the capability of turbulence model to predict drag coefficient through COMSOL Multiphysics, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) transient solver and compared against existing numerical models and experiment by Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN). Numerically, drag and lift forces depend on the point of separation from the cylinder in which different turbulence modelling will result in varying separation point and will lead to different vortex formation and the drag force. Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) was employed using the k-ε and Menter’s Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model in two-dimensional CFD simulation. Six Reynolds numbers, similar to the test case, were considered. It can be concluded that the standard k-ε turbulence model, can only provide a good approximation at high turbulence regime, which is Reynolds number of 3.15 × 105 and higher. While, SST turbulence model can provide a good approximation at subcritical regime which before the sudden drop of drag force regimes.
Valorisation of organic fraction municipal solid waste via anaerobic co-digestion of Malaysia tropical fruit for biogas production
Authors: Ahmad Zamri M F M , Akhiar A , Mohd Roslan M E , Mohd Marzuki M H , Saad J Md , Shamsuddin A H
Published: June 2020

The acceleration of MSW generation is one of the world’s critical challenge that contributed to the serious environmental and socio-economic problems involving pollutions and shortage of waste disposal area. The population growth, economic growth and urbanization are the key contributors to the MSW generation. Precisely, organic waste is the world highest contributor of MSW compared to other inorganic waste. This massive amount of putrescible waste consumption has a great global warming potential through the unutilized methane gas released from the landfill. In this regard, the waste treatment method through energy recovery Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) via Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has become the best way to utilize the high valuable energy (methane) resource potential and sustaining the environment. Moreover, AD process could be further enhanced through co-digestion process with various of substrates. Malaysia tropical fruit are among the potential of substrate for the anaerobic co-digestion that receiving extensive attention. This short article reviewed the potential of the selected Malaysia tropical fruit residues as substrates for anaerobic co-digestion with OFMSW.
Review of combined nano zero valent metal oxidation and ozone for degradation of wastewater
Authors: Fung XinRu , Affam Augustine Chioma , Chung Wong Chee
Published: June 2020

This research reviews nano zero valent metal oxidation coupled with ozone for degradation of wastewater effluent. The technology in wastewater treatment is gradually innovating. Car wash wastewater constitutes and promotes water and environmental pollution. In wastewater treatment, a variety of methods are available for treatment of wastewater. The chosen method should be cost effective and easy to operate. In the treatment of car wash wastewater, certain parameters are investigated such as pH, time, dosage of treating agent, presence of hydrogen peroxide, and competing cations. The characteristics of treated and untreated car wash wastewater are usually analysed, produced catalyst morphology and elements maybe observed and compared using the XRD, FTIR, SEM + EDx, and BET. A combined treatment of different phases is reported to remove total suspended solid (TSS), inorganic materials such as sodium chlorides (NACL), heavy metals such as lead, oil and grease, as well as phosphates and nitrates. This review will discuss on the treatment methods being practised in wastewater engineering field, chosen treatment methods after review with supports, and combination concerns on the chosen treatment methods along with consequences to the environment and human health.
Nano zero valent iron and ozonation for selected recalcitrant wastewater: Review
Authors: Peng B W L , Affam A C , Chung W C
Published: June 2020

This research reviews application of nano zero valent oxidation and ozone for degradation of selected recalcitrant wastewater. Recalcitrant organics refers to non-biodegradable compounds which are of industrial waste source. It is highly pollutant to the environment due to its non-biodegradable properties which can be caused by various factors including lacking of necessary genetic information on the organisms, compound being too large to enter the cell, or non-existence of transport system across the membrane. Examples of recalcitrant wastewater includes palm oil mill effluent, pesticide wastewater, wastewater from paper production, aromatic organic compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbon. These are the wastewater being reviewed to inform about the effectiveness of nano zero valent iron oxidation and/or ozonation. The chosen method aims to be an effective alternative from the traditional method, with simple and easy to handle mechanism. In the treatment of recalcitrant organics, several factors affect the process and are normally investigated. These includes the pH value, the contact time, dosage of treating agent as well as amount of competing cations. Recalcitrant wastewater treated with the suggested method are analyzed before and after the treatment. In addition, XRD, FTIR, SEM and BET maybe used to observe produced catalyst morphology and intrinsic elements prior and after treatment. This review provides scientific information from 2010 until 2019, concerning findings of effective and sustainable treatment of recalcitrant wastewater.
A brief review on low-cost turbidimeter designs
Authors: Kadaruddin Khairunnisa , Zainuddin Mohamad
Published: June 2020

Turbidity is an index of water clarity and considered an important aspect of environmental quality monitoring. Turbidity values are one of the crucial indicators of water quality health. In view of recent enthusiasm in affordable sensing, this review paper aims to shed light on the motivations behind the need for affordable turbidimeter especially in developing regions and rural areas. This paper highlights turbidimeter designs that apply low-cost alternatives such as the use of smartphones as sensors, open source hardware and software designs as well as using optical fibre in the instrumentation of turbidity measurement.
Development web and mobile application and open data platform for water quality management in Pak Phanang river basin
Authors: Thammarak Karanrat , Rattikansukha Chuthamat , Kaewrat Jenjira , Janta Rungruang , Sichum Surasak
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to develop web and mobile application and open data platform to facilitate the community researchers use for monitoring the water quality management in Thailand. The paper developed a mobile and web application to collect and represent WQI data. Besides that, this paper elaborated the open data platform for sharing the WQI data to the other public sectors with two formats are people-readable format and machine-readable format. The population of this research is the community researchers who live in the Pakpanang river basin, including in local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers. This paper also pays attention to the third parties are living in the outside area, which uses the WQI data. The experiment found that the overall user satisfaction whos participate in this project is in a good rank. The top three ranks of the function usage are: the first rank is a monthly report of the WQI data function. The second rank is a sending the WQI data by the volunteer function, and a calculating the WQI data by the academic researcher function. Finally, The third rank is open data usage function. Also, the measurement station increased from twenty to twenty-two stations. The volunteers expanded from the local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers to students and teachers. For the future, this paper tries to apply a minimisation method for optimising The WQI parameters and also classify the proper parameters for each measurement station.
Optimization of copper adsorption from synthetic wastewater by oil palm-based adsorbent using Central Composite Design
Authors: Wong H W , Ibrahim N , Hanif M A , Noor N Mohamed , Yusuf S Y , Hasan M
Published: June 2020

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was chemically activated by phosphoric acid and heat treatment to produce porous activated carbon (AC) for adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater using static batch test. Copper adsorption process was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) by varying four operating parameters i.e. pH (A), initial concentration (B), adsorbent dosage (C) and contact time (D) through a quadratic model developed based on Central Composite Design (CCD) approach. Within the tested parameter range, copper adsorption was found to be at optimum condition at pH 5, initial concentration of 200 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g per 200 mL copper solution and contact time of 2.5 hours, yielding 52.5% of copper removal. A good agreement was achieved by comparing the predicted model with experimental data (R2=0.9618). All four operating parameters tested are significant in affecting the adsorption process, with pH being the most significant with an F-value of 171.70. The interaction between pH and initial concentration (AB) has the most significant interacting effects (F-value of 18.30), while quadratic effects of pH (A2) and adsorbent dosage (C2) are most significant with F-values of 62.80 and 42.58 respectively.
Removal of palm oil mill effluent by using electro-oxidation process
Authors: Abidin C Z , Sabri S N , Fahmi  , Bashir Mohammed J K , Ibrahim A H , Rahmat N R , Mohamed Hussein N F , Mahiran N Q
Published: June 2020

Wastewater includes the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) that gives adverse impacts to the environment especially for water pollution when it is not treated properly. POME are known to have various types of liquids, residual oil and suspended solid as it has very high strength waste in its untreated form. Although conventional biological processes are normally efficient for the degradation of pollutants occurring in wastewater, most of these compounds are not effectively removed. As a result, further treatment is needed to meet more stringent discharge standards of Department of Environment (DOE). This research focused on treatment of POME by using electro-oxidation process (EO). It was done to identify the performance of EO process for colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N), and turbidity removal as well as the relative effects of different operational parameters such as pH, type of electrodes and contact time. The pH was varied from 3 to 11, the electrodes were aluminium and iron and the contact time was from 0 to 120 min. The most suitable pH, contact time and type of electrode were pH 3, 120 min and Al electrode.
Soil with high porosity as an excellent carbon dioxide adsorbent carbon-rich soil as an effective adsorbent for carbon dioxide
Authors: Nuraisyah S , Khairunnisa M P , Norruwaida J , Ali A H Md , Dewika M , Rashid M
Published: June 2020

Carbon dioxide, a type of greenhouse gases has drawn world wide’s attention as major contributors to global warming and climate change. Thus, several methods have been developed to mitigate this problem such as through adsorption. There are numerous types of adsorbents available, for instance is carbon-based adsorbent that can be synthesised from various type of biomass as reported in previous studies. However, there are very few studies used soil as an adsorbent for gases. Soils are porous medium developed in the uppermost layer of Earth’s crust which are available in several forms, abundance and cheap. In this study, three types of carbonised soils were used as carbon-based adsorbent to investigate its adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide. Influence of moisture content in this study is negligible as it is too low. Due to the nature of raw materials used, ash content for all sample was incredibly high which almost all exceeded 90%. Determination of densities by pycnometer showed that carbonised soil 2 has the lowest particle and bulk density of 2.4802 g/cm3 and 0.5248 g/cm3 respectively. Then the adsorption capacity of each sample was determined by sorption measuring instrument with magnetic suspension balance. Results showed that carbonised soil 2 with high surface area, pore volume, and small pore size has the highest adsorption capacity of 6.4 mg/g at 25 ˚C under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, soils exhibit prominent potential to be developed as carbon dioxide adsorbent with desirable properties.
Power Dispatching Considering Copula Correlation of Multiple Wind Farms Generation
Authors: Yao Lu , Shao Qianwen , Xie Min , He Runquan , Wu Xiaokang , Li Jianzhao
Published: June 2020

The dynamic economic dispatching of power system connected with multiple wind farms is a typical stochastic programming problem. How to model the randomness of wind power and how to solve this complex stochastic optimization problem are the key points. In this paper, copula theory is used to formulate the correlation of multi-wind farms generation. Then, the dynamic economic dispatching model is founded with the fuel consumption, gas pollution emission fees and purchase costs as the optimized objective. The two-stage compensation algorithm is then introduced to solve the dispatching problem. In this algorithm, the conventional (nonstochastic) decision variables and stochastic variables are decoupled, which separate the dynamic dispatching model into two stage modes. The optimal dispatching result is worked out by iteration between the two stage models. Case studies on IEEE118-bus system shows that the proposed algorithm can drastically reduce computational burden, and satisfy the actual requirements of engineering practice.
Research on Antioxidant Properties of Several Marine Active Substances
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Zhang Yongli , Chen Deke , Deng Yucheng , Chen Hua , Sun Huili
Published: June 2020

Using DPPH free radical as an in vitro antioxidant model and using ascorbic acid (Vc) as a positive control, the four important marine activities of trehalose, carboxymethyl chitosan, glucosamine hydrochloride and corona bafil clam small molecule peptides were studied Antioxidant ability of the substance in vitro. The experimental results show that the four marine active substances have good antioxidant properties, and their antioxidant activity and concentration show a certain dose-effect relationship. The small molecular peptide of corrugated paphia is better at eliminating DPPH free radicals than the other two marine species. Active substance, when the concentration is 4 g/L, the elimination rate of DPPH radicals reaches 95.7447%.
Stability Assessment of an Eco-Industrial System Based on Entropy Analysis Method
Authors: Han Feng , Yang Dong , Shi Feng
Published: June 2020

Eco-industrial system is a typical kind of dissipative structure system, and its stability is influenced by industrial metabolism of materials as well as the degree of industrial symbiosis. Based on entropy analysis method, function entropy and structure entropy of the eco-industrial system are put forward to express the chaos of an eco-industrial system, and to evaluate the system stability and evolution direction. This method is implemented on a case study of Xinfa industrial park in China. According to the results, the function entropy showed a trend of decline. Improving of water reuse efficiency and material use efficiency was the main cause, while energy use efficiency constrained the development of Xinfa eco-industrial system. The addition of new node enterprises resulted in an increase of the structure entropy, and at the same time improved the utilization efficiency of upstream enterprises by coupling. Industrial symbiosis and cleaner production were the main ways for Xinfa industrial park to enhance its stability. Entropy analysis method offers an evaluation method with comprehensive consideration for quantifying the stability of eco-industrial system, and lays a ground work for conducting evolution of industrial clusters.
Analysis on the Configuration Condition and Spatial Position Relationship of the Main Functions in Residential Type Nursing Home for the Elderly in Japan
Authors: Cao Weiping , Dewancker Bart
Published: June 2020

The residential type nursing home, as a main kind of the elderly facilities in Japan, is popular for the elderly because of its relative lower fee and less limitation. And the residential type nursing home has its own relative stable and mature system after decades of development, so it is significative to provide inference value for others countries, especially the countries that are beginning to the age. For certain, different kinds of the elderly facilities have different configuration conditions depend on the different requirements of the elderly. Therefore, it is important to be considered clearly that what interior configurations the residential type nursing home should have, and how to arrange the interior spaces, can satisfy the living requirement of the elderly who live in. Because previous study has explored the spatial composition of the nursing home, this paper is mainly aimed to exploring and analysing the spatial position relationship of the main spaces in the nursing home to realize more that how to arrange the spaces in nursing home more reasonably, so as to provide suggestions and directions for the designs of nursing homes in the future.
Socio-Economic Performances of Mega Construction Projects (MCPs) in the Light of Sustainable Development of Nigeria’s Built Environment
Authors: Dalibi S G , Feng J C , Abubakar S G , Kumo H A , Danja I I , Mukhtar A A , Inuwa L U
Published: June 2020

MCPs encompasses “Infrastructure development projects (IDPs)” such as skyscrapers, mega-shopping complexes, large public transportation projects, power plants, oil and natural gas extraction projects, bridges, tunnels, seaports, large-scale sporting facilities water and dams, power supply and urban development projects. Such projects characterized by strategic importance, dynamic complexity, adaptability and extensive impacts. Such combinations make them inherently vulnerable to crises. As a developing country, Nigeria is facing some fundamental challenges that need attention before it can fully realize its economic potential due to its size, population and resources. This paper examines the socio-economic performances of MCPs in the light of sustainable development with the view to identify and assess such performances from the project professionals’ perspectives’ working in Nigeria’s built environment. The literature reviewed led to the identification of 16nr. SEP impact factors of MCPs; forms the backbone of the questionnaire. These SEP factors and their related impacts brought about by MCPs in Nigeria assessed and the results show they were significant as they aid the sustainable development of the overall country and its citizens socio-economically. These altogether shapes the overall sustainable development of a developing country like Nigeria.
Emergy Analysis of the Construction Industry System in Xining
Authors: Zhao Taimin , Gong Zhiqi , Chen Chunyan , Yang Hui
Published: June 2020

The rapid development of the construction industry since the 21st century has intensified the contradiction between the use of environmental resources and economic development, and sustainable development is facing severe challenges. In order to coordinate the development of the construction industry’s resource consumption and the eco-economic system, this article uses the emergy analysis method and combines the original data of the construction industry in Xining City from 2011 to 2017 to build a comprehensive analysis of the construction industry system in Xining by constructing an emergy index system. The results show that Xining’s construction industry is more and more dependent on various external energy inputs, and the proportion of local environmental resources it is relying on is getting smaller and smaller, indicating that Xining’s construction industry is more open to the outside world and the more economic development and the quality of life of the people Come the better.
The Optimal Allocation of Mineral Resources in Hunan Province under the Background of Supply-Side Reform
Authors: Li Songyan
Published: June 2020

As a “hometown of non-ferrous metals”, Hunan Province is rich in mineral resources, and some mineral reserves occupy a considerable proportion in China, but the supply and demand of various minerals are different. How to take into account the efficiency and fairness of mineral resource allocation has become the subject of this thesis. In order to achieve sustainable development in an all-round way, it is necessary to fully and effectively allocate rare mineral resources. With the least resources, the greatest benefits can be generated and the greatest benefits can be obtained. In the context of the new normal economy, the era of allocating resources based on demand has ceased to exist and is replaced by an effective supply-side structure. This article analyzes the allocation of mineral resources from the supply-side structure, including the international trade status of mineral resources, the tax system of mineral resources, and focuses on the relationship between the supply and demand of mineral resources in Hunan Province. Suggestions for optimal configuration are presented.
Evaluation and Planning Strategy of Walkability in Harbin Residential Area
Authors: Jiang Yun , Li Yanjun , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: June 2020

The concept of walkability is introduced. A total of 12 public service facilities were selected for the evaluation, including a food market, a fruit shop, a bus station, a department store, a small and medium supermarket, a restaurant, an entertainment facility, a child care school, a barber shop, a park green space, a Chinese and western drug store, and a bank post office. The walkability index model and ArcGIS software were used to evaluate and visualize the walkability of the residential areas, and the evaluation results were analyzed. Based on this, the walkability planning strategies for residential areas are described at the macro, meso and micro levels. It mainly includes implementing low-carbon concepts, encouraging mixed functions, optimizing road network structure, improving pedestrian traffic, strengthening interface design, optimizing plant community layout, creating diverse composite spaces, and inclusive designs. The walkability planning strategy provides a theoretical reference for improving walkability in residential areas.
City for All Ages: Elderly Residents’ Perceptions of Walkability Attributes in Residential Areas
Authors: Ye Yang
Published: June 2020

Residential area is the main area for the elderly to carry out daily activities. The walkability of residential areas directly affects the quality of life of the elderly residents. It is also a symbol of the degree of walkability and the pace of green city construction. To test the influence of urban built environment on walkability in residential areas, this study developed a questionnaire to perceive the elderly residents’ perception of walkability around their neighbourhood, which was based on the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Mainland China (NEWS-MC), and modified to reflect the characteristics of residential areas built environment and elderly residents’ behaviour mode. To perceive the final version of Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for elderly residents’ (NEWS-E), We made a pilot study that include 50 samples, and then interview 300 elderly residents from 6 selected residential districts in Harbin, which were different in walkability attributes and economic status. The final version of the NEWS-E included 8 subscales and 4 single items (86 items in total). Test-retest reliability showed moderate to high in total, the NEWS-E could illustrate elderly residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in residential areas and could be use in other Chinese urban attributes studies related to walking.
SRAP Markers - Based Genetic Biodiversity and Differentiation of Three cultured Goldfish Strains
Authors: Shi Dongjie , Zhu Hua , Li Wentong , Wang Saisai , Qu Jiangqi
Published: June 2020

The genetic biodiversity and differentiation of three representative goldfish species in Beijing were studied using SRAP molecular markers. A total of 122 sites were amplified from 10 primer combinations with good polymorphism, including 99 polymorphic sites. The average polymorphism rate was 80.47% and the average polymorphism information content was 0.264. Diversity indexes of Nei’s genes in short-tailed Bubble-eye goldfish, Redhead goldfish and Black Dragon-eye goldfish were 0.225, 0.208 and 0.238, respectively. The Shannon information index of the three groups was 0.342, 0.299 and 0.363, respectively. The proportions of polymorphic loci in the three populations were 69%, 65% and 72%, respectively. The genetic distance indicated that genetic divergence existed between the three groups. The genetic relationship between Bubble-eye goldfish and Redhead goldfish was far, while Redhead goldfish and Black Dragon-eye goldfish was close. This study is of great importance for the research of molecular marker-assisted biodiversity conservation of goldfish.
Forecast on Mid-and Long-Term Energy and Emission in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Gang , Li Pei , Zhao Shasha , Yang Xi , Sibinde Denise
Published: June 2020

Guangdong, the most affluent province with significant energy consumption in China, faces tough jobs in sustaining economic growth while not at the expenses of excessive energy consumption and environmental degradation. However, the knowledge on Guangdong’s energy consumption as well as the resultant environmental impacts has been is insufficient. To solve this problem, the present study constructs TIMES-Guangdong model to reveal the detailed information on Guangdong’s energy system and its related environmental emissions. Moreover, a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario towards presented to forecast future energy and emissions. The results show that final energy demand will increase on the whole model horizon, and electricity takes the top place for final energy consumption. It is found that the total emission will increase from 2012 to 2030, accompanied by a decreasing trend of their emission intensities in part due to the evolution of energy demand mix and electricity generation mix.