bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGANGANKAN HAM INDONESIA BERWAWASAN ISLAM
Authors: Zenrif M. Fauzan
Published: June 2018

Indonesian Muslims when faced with social problems, especially those related to law and justice, always involve the dualism of thought, Islam and kindonesiaan. When human rights issues arise, the unification of Indonesian Islam seeks to justify the problem into its shari'ah. This is normal, because Islam is believed not only mngatur spirituality of his people, but also related to social rules. This paper tries to explain what Muslims can do as the majority of their beloved country's people in dealing with human rights issues. Besides, the effort to enforce the law for internal Islamic and national interests. This paper also discusses how the Islamic perspective is about this. Discussing human rights issues can not be separated from how the principle as stipulated in Islam. The substance that need to be put forward is the fulfillment of the right of life security and the right of freedom to choose religion or belief. Similarly, the right of equality and justice before the law. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the strategy of human rights by considering three priorities. First, that Islamic law is universal. Secondly, Islamic law is never retroactive. Third, that Islamic law does not impose burden except on the perpetrators.

 

Umat Islam Indonesia apabila dihadapkan pada permasalahan-permasalahan sosial, terutama yang berkaitan dengan hukum dan peradilan, selalu melibatkan dualisme pemikiran, keislaman dan kindonesiaan. Ketika permasalahan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) muncul, uniat Islam Indonesia berusaha mencarikan justifikasi permasalahan tersebut ke dalam syari’atnya. Hal ini wajar-wajar saja, sebab Islam diyakini tidak sekedar mngatur spiritualitas umatnya, tetapi juga menyangkut aturan-aturan sosial. Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan apa yang bisa diperbuat umat Islam sebagai mayoritas masyarakat negerinya tercinta dalam menghadapi permasalahan hak asasi manusia. Selain itu dibahas upaya menegakkan hukum untuk kepentingan internal Islam dan nasional. Tulisan ini juga membahas bagaimana perspektif Islam mengenai hal ini. Membahas permasalahan HAM tidak lepas dari bagaimana prinsipnya sebagaimana diatur dalam Islam. Secara substansif yang perlu dikedepankan yaitu pemenuhan hak keamanan jiwa dan  hak kebebasan memilih agama atau keyakinan. Demikian pula hak kesamaan dan keadilan di depan hukum. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi implementasi hak asasi manusia dengan mempertimbangkan tiga prioritas. Pertama, bahwa hukum Islam bersifat universal. Kedua, bahwa hukum Islam tidak pernah berlaku  surut. Ketiga, bahwa hukum Islam tidak memberikan beban kecuali pada pelakunya.
KEKERASAN DAN KEKUASAAN DALAM PRAKSIS BERBAHASA: Memahami Kekerasan dalam Perspektif Galtung
Authors: Rahardjo Mudjia
Published: June 2018

As a social phenomenon, violence has attracted the interest of social scientists to further study, cultivate and explore its exploratory theorists. One of them is Johan Galtung. This paper explores Galtung's theory of violence in relation to language practice. According to Johan Galtung, violence occurs when humans are affected in such a way that actual physical and mental realizations are under their potential realization. Galtung will see something as violent if in the future the event can be overcome or prevented, but still left. As a symbolic reality, language can not be separated from the inner world of the wearer and the social setting that exists. These include social conflicts such as violence, murder, rape, looting, harassment, robbery, repression, and so on. Coinciding with the violent phenomenon that plagues this nation, modesty or ethical language is now experiencing erosion or extraordinary setbacks. To overcome this, ethics of language decency needs to be addressed in the context of language teaching in Indonesian cultural lands.

 

Sebagai fenomena sosial, kekerasan telah menarik minat para ilmuwan sosial untuk lebih jauh mempelajari, menggeluti dan mencari  teoretis eksplanatorisnya. Salah satu di antaranya ialah Johan Galtung. Tulisan ini memaparan tentang teori kekerasan Galtung dalam hubunganya dengan praktik bahasa. Menurut Johan Galtung, kekerasan terjadi bila manusia dipengaruhi sedemikian rupa sehingga realisasi jasmani dan mental aktualnya berada di bawah realisasi potensialnya. Galtung akan melihat sesuatu sebagai kekerasan bila di masa mendatang peristiwa tersebut bisa diatasi atau dicegah, tetapi tetap dibiarkan. Sebagai realitas simbolik, bahasa tidak bisa lepas dari dunia batin pemakainya dan setting sosial yang ada. Termasuk di antaranya konflik-konflik sosial berupa kekerasan, pembunuhan, pemerkosaan, penjarahan, pelecehan, perampokan, penindasan, dan lain sebagainya. Berbarengan dengan fenomena kekerasan yang melanda bangsa ini, kesopanan atau etika berbahasa kini mengalami erosi atau kemunduran luar biasa. Untuk mengatasi itu, etika kesopanan berbahasa perlu disikapi dalam konteks pengajaran bahasa dalam lahan budaya Indonesia.  

 

 
ORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN BERWAWASAN KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Hasyim Farid
Published: June 2018

Restoration and educational reform can be a moment of self-awareness as a nation of justice and equality issues. Sensitivity to economic and social inequalities should grow in the awareness of society, more so with an increasingly erratic atmosphere, and this moment will be useless if education is not directed to openness, critical nature and respect for the diversity of political, economic, social and culture of the true nation that is in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and the philosophy of the state and nation of Indonesia.

 

Restorasi dan reformasi pendidikan bisa menjadi momen penyadaran diri sebagai bangsa akan masalah keadilan dan kesetaraan. Kepekaan terhadap kesenjangan ekonomi dan sosial seharusnya semakin tumbuh dalam kesadaran masyarakat , lebih-lebih dengan adanya suasana yang semakin tidak menentu, dan momen ini akan sia-sia bila pendidikan tidak diarahkan kepada keterbukaan, sifat kritis serta menghormati keanekaragaman struktur politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya bangsa yang benar yang sesuai dengan UUD 45 dan falsafah negara dan bangsa Indonesia.
SPIRITUALISME: Problem Sosial dan Keagamaan Kita
Authors: Roibin Roibin
Published: June 2018

In principle, the original spiritual movement is more a sociological symptom and leads to the religious. It happens not because of the great currents of foreign culture, but rather as a result of the daily routine of our lives that is rapidly changing from day to day. The very basic function of avoiding this negative attitude is perhaps to put forward the feeling and reasoning that in our own socio-politics and culture, it is not uncommon to give rise to the various social tensions that constitute the embryo of the emergence of spiritualism. And then who has the authority to judge about the phenomena of spiritualism, either the first or the second? Is there any religion in this phenomenon? The phenomenon of spirituality is essentially social in nature, but then why is spiritualism more individualistic, and ignorant of the problems of others? This is where the basic standard, which then used as a tool to measure the extent of the validity of the phenomenon of spiritualism.

 

Pada prinsipnya gerakan spiritualisme semula lebih merupakan gejala sosiologis dan bermuara ke arah agamis. Ia terjadi bukan karena arus besar kebudayaan asing, melainkan sebagai akibat dari corak rutinitas keseharian hidup kita yang cepat berubah dari hari ke hari. Fungsi yang sangat mendasar dari upaya menghindari sikap negatif ini adalah mungkin untuk lebih mengedepankan perasaan dan penalaran bahwa di dalam sosial-politik dan kebudayaan yang kita disain sendiri, tidak jarang telah melahirkan berbagai ketegangan-ketegangan sosial yang merupakan embrio munculnya spiritualisme. Dan selanjutnya siapa yang memiliki otoritas penilaian tentang gejala spiritualisme tersebut, baik model yang pertama ataupun yang kedua? Adakah andil agama dalam fenomena ini? Gejala spiritualitas itu pada hakekatnya pro sosial sifatnya, tetapi kemudian mengapa spiritualisme lebih cenderung individualistik, dan abai pada persoalan-persoalan orang lain? Disinilah standar  mendasarnya , yang kemudian dijadikan alat untuk mengukur sejauh mana keabsahan fenomena spiritualisme tersebut.

 

 
TRANSFORMASI BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN MENUJU ABAD XXI
Authors: Sutiah Sutiah
Published: June 2018

The development of learning and learning patterns is directed to the four pillars as a whole, learning to know, learn to do, learn to be true, and learn to live together. These four pillars in the 21st century should be developed in an integrative way to be able to issue a refused out put. Learning and learning transformation in an effort to improve the quality and quality of education should continue to be pursued as a consequence of the demands of learning in accordance with the development of science and technology, learning styles, the development of learning and learning theories, and the needs and trends that occur in society as part of the development of the times. The transformation of learning and learning is intended to provide a passive atmosphere, character and learning patterns, depending on a single source, minimal and simplified facilities, uniform learning styles and not empowering learners. Furthermore, it should be developed into patterns and attitudes of learning that develop the integrity of learners actively, productively, and proactively.

 

Pengembangan pola belajar dan pembelajaran diarahkan pada empat pilar secara utuh yaitu, belajar untuk mengetahui, belajar untuk berbuat, belajar untuk menjadi jati diri, dan belajar untuk hidup bersama. Keempat pilar ini pada abad 21 harus dikembangkan secara integratif agar mampu mengeluarkan out put yang refresentatif. Tranformasi belajar dan pembelajaran dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan mutu pendidikan harus terus diupayakan sebagai konsekuensi dari tuntutan belajar yang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, gaya belajar, perkembangan teori belajar dan pembelajaran, serta kebutuhan dan kecenderungan yang terjadi di masyarakat sebagai bagian perkembangan zaman. Transformasi belajar dan pembelajaran dimaksudkan untuk memberikan suasana, watak, dan pola-pola belajar yang pasif, tergantung dari satu sumber, fasilitas yang minim dan seadanya, gaya belajar yang seragam serta tidak memberdayakan peserta didik. Selanjutnya perlu dikembangkan menjadi pola dan sikap belajar yang mengembangkan keutuhan peserta didik secara aktif, produktif, dan proaktif.
PENGUATAN ORGANISASI SEKOLAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN MUTU TERPADU
Authors: Hasyim Farid
Published: June 2018

The most important of school organizations is to create effective and efficient teaching and learning processes in schools, which are the main task of the school. Without touching on this aspect, the school organization will have no significance in building schools in conducting the education process effectively. Some of the most effective studies that are associated with organizational processes always provide an important part of the role of school management in creating an effective school climate and culture. In this case, parent and student communities should be directly involved in the school management process, especially in the decision-making process. This is done as an effort to increase commitment, ownership and responsibility in peroses education in schools.

 

Yang terpenting dari organisasi sekolah adalah menciptakan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien di sekolah, yang merupakan tugas pokok sekolah. Tanpa menyentuh aspek ini, maka organisasi sekolah tidak akan mempunyai arti penting dalam membangun sekolah dalam melakukan proses pendidikan secara efektif. Beberapa penelitian yang efektif yang dikaitkan dengan proses organisasi selalu memberikan bagian penting dari peran manajemen sekolah dalam menciptakan iklim dan kultur sekolah yang efektif. Dalam hal ini,  komunitas orang tua dan siswa hendaknya terlibat langsung dalam proses pengelolaan sekolah, terutama dalam proses pembuatan keputusan. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan komitmen, rasa memiliki dan tanggung jawabnya dalam peroses pendidikan di sekolah.
MUTUALISME SISTEMIK ANTARA GURU, SISWA DAN KURIKULUM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH
Authors: Thaharuddin Thaharuddin
Published: June 2018

Students, teachers and curriculum often get the spotlight in education. Unruh dam Alexander sees that educational innovation often targets the improvement of the three elements. Students experience social dynamics and psychology, which contextually affects how to educate the real child. Teachers as facilitators of learning in schools must improve the professional skills continuously which means contextually how to do learning in accordance with the needs and development of students. Likewise the curriculum as a set of references in the implementation of education should reflect the needs of students with all its complexities in social life, science and technology.

 

Siswa, guru dan kurikulum sering mendapat sorotan dalam dunia pendidikan. Unruh dam Alexander melihat bahwa inovasi pendidikan sering memberikan sasaran pada perbaikan ketiga unsur tersebut. Siswa mengalami dinamika sosial dan psikologi, yang secara kontekstual akan mempengaruhi bagaimana mendidik anak yang sebenarnya. Guru sebagai fasilitator pembelajaran di sekolah harus meningkatkan kemampuan profesional secara terus-menerus yang artinya secara kontekstual bagaimana melakukan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan siswa. Demikian juga kurikulum sebagai seperangkat acuan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan harus mencerminkan kebutuhan siswa dengan segala kompleksitanya dalam kehidupan sosial, ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
El patriotismo del Correo del Domingo: ficciones de guerra y soldados
Authors: Marini Candela
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo explora la cobertura visual del periódico ilustrado Correo del Domingo en sus primeros años de funcionamiento (1864-1866), particularmente con relación a las noticias de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza (1865-1870). Siendo el semanario una de las primeras publicaciones en la región en incursionar en tácticas de periodismo visual, la primera parte del ensayo analiza los límites difusos entre las litografías de carácter informativo y periodístico, y aquéllas de carácter puramente ficcional. La segunda parte del artículo estudia cómo el periódico utiliza este carácter maleable de la imagen litográfica para sortear los problemas del reportaje visual de una guerra que no se condecía con el discurso oficialista de corte heroico y patriótico que el periódico apoyaba.
Present Status of Studies in the Field of Midwifery in Turkey
Authors: Güneş Öztürk Gizem , Batman Deniz , Karaçam Zekiye
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the present status of studies as midwifery published over the period 2000–2015 in Turkey.

Method

The study, based on the literature, is of retrospective and descriptive design and was carried out between January and June 2016. Five hundred and forty-three articles were included in the field of midwifery found in a scan of the Google Academic, PubMed, and National Thesis Center databases in search of the keywords “ebelik” (“midwifery” in Turkish) and “midwifery and Turkey.” Numbers and percentage calculations were used in the evaluation of the data.

Results

Of the articles included in the study, 30.6% were published in a journal that concerned all health-care professions, 84.7% were of observational studies, 24.2% were conducted by academics in the midwifery departments, 19.0% were thesis studies, and 75.0% were published in the Turkish language. Of academic authors in the midwifery departments, 31.6% were midwives. In an examination of the subject fields of the articles, 25.8% pertained to midwifery professional development, knowledge, opinions, roles, ethics, and malpractice in the sampling of midwives and student midwives, whereas 26.7% of the sample groups comprised midwifery and other students.

Conclusion

This study revealed that studies made in the field of midwifery education and practice were inadequate. Increasing studies in this area might contribute to ensuring improvements in the professional development of midwifery in Turkey and more globally.
Finlandiya, İngiltere ve Türkiye’nin Okul Öncesine Yönelik Sosyal Politika Uygulamaları
Authors: ŞEMŞEK İlknur
Published: June 2018

Sosyal politika alanında yapılan reformlardan en fazla pay alan alanlardan
biri de eğitim olmuştur.
19. yüzyıldan itibaren çocuk ve gençler gerek sosyal, gerekse ekonomik
yönlerden dezavantajlı duruma düşmüşlerdir. Günümüzde sosyal politikanın alanı
olarak kabul edilen çocuk bakımı ve eğitimi, zamanla devletlerin ilgisini
çekmiş ve yapılan politikalarda okul öncesi yaşlar için yenilikler düzenlenmiştir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; okul öncesine yönelik sosyal politikalar ve uygulamalar
arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların ortaya konulması ve somut önerilerin
geliştirilmesidir. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan İngiltere, Finlandiya
ve üyelik için müzakerelere devam eden Türkiye örnekleri incelenmiştir.
International Funding of Fight against Terrorism
Authors: AY Alp
Published: June 2018

One
of the debates that have been updated in international and national academic
studies is the definition of terror and terrorism. Each country has made legal
regulations and definitions within its existing legal rules. The definition of
terror and terrorism are defined and ways of legal fight against them are
described. However, one of the concepts that must be clarified in the academic
field is that the definition of "Fight against Terrorism" should be
made as simple and generic as possible. Despite the fact that studies on
"Financing of Terrorism" have been carried out, it is important to
make an identification in this respect that there are no distinguishing studies
on the international and national aspects of "Funding of Fight against
Terrorism”. The aim of bringing this
concept to the forefront is that it is necessary to make legal aid to the
states which cannot find sufficient resources for this struggle with the terror
which has become costly. It is evaluated that it will help to get the
transparent fund allocations that will be formed by international organizations
to be taken into consideration.
PENGARUH ANTARA POWER LENGAN, AKURASI DAN KOORDINASI MATA TANGAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN 3 POINT SHOOT PADA ATLET PUTRI BOLABASKET SKO RAGUNAN
Authors: Margono Margono , Berta Yagusta Rani Agra , Khuzaini Amat
Published: June 2018

Abstract, This study aims to know about the influence between 2 (two) exogenous variables that will be studied its influence on endogenous variables. Endogenous variable (End1) is Accuracy (X2) endogen (End2) that is 3 Point Shoot (Y). Exogenous variables include Power Arm (X1), Hand Eye Coordination (X3) female athlete basketball Ragunan Sport School. The population in this study is all female athletes basketball Ragunan Sport School totaling 30 people, and the number of research samples amounted to 30 people (total sampling). Analytical technique used is path analysis approach. The results of this study conclude that: (1) There is a significant influence between Power Arm (X1) with 3 Point Shoot (Y), (2) There is significant influence between support Accuracy (X2) with 3 Point Shoot (Y), (3) There is a significant influence between Power Arm (X1) with Accuracy (X2), (5) There is a significant influence between Hand Eye Coordination (X3) with 3 Point Shoot (Y), and (6) There is a significant influence between Power Arm (X1) with Hand Eye Coordination (X3).
MENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN LOMPAT JAUH GAYA JONGKOK MELALUI MODIFIKASI ALAT BANTU
Authors: Widiastuti Widiastuti , Hutumo Pramudito
Published: June 2018

This study attempts to improve learning outcomes the long jump style squat through modification learning tool .Of research in SMAN 1 Kotagajah Lampung .Research methodology used is research methodology the act of (action research) . technic the data such quantitative data and qualitative .This research result of the study results the long jump style squat through a learning modification .Increased is evident from the test rata-rata students , to test = 73.09 early , and then students tests showed a rise in cycle i = 80,84 .To learn students graduation the results of a pretest long jump students who passed a number of 9 students ( 36 % ) , cycles i students who passed a number of 25 students ( 100 % ) instrument tests for research has been tested reliability , with the r = 0,84 .According to Suharsimi Arikunto ( 2006 ) , the r = 0.84 can be said this instrument high reliability.
Dynamic, Intermediate Soil Carbon Pools May Drive Future Responsiveness to Environmental Change
Authors: Crow Susan E. , Sierra Carlos A.
Published: June 2018

Accurately capturing dynamic soil response to disturbance effects in agroecosystem models remains elusive, thereby limiting projections of climate change mitigation potential. Perennial grasses cultivated in zero‐tillage management systems hold promise as sustainable agroecosystems. High‐yielding tropical C4 grasses often have extensive rooting systems, and the belowground processes of root turnover, aggregate formation, and mineral stabilization drove rapid C accumulation after cultivation in a recent study. We sought (i) to understand and constrain the size and responsiveness of dynamic, intermediate‐cycling C pools contributing to the observed C accrual rates, and (ii) to simulate C stocks over time under the disturbance of elevated temperature using soil incubation at multiple temperatures and physical fractionation via density and sonication. Three‐pool transfer modeling of soil incubations revealed small pools of readily available (i.e., days to months) microbial substrate that were responsive to temperature, time since cultivation, and inputs. Larger, kinetically slow‐cycling pools were more indicative of long‐term (i.e., years to decades) changes in C stock and strongly connected to measured changes in physical fractions. Combining the sensitivity of readily available microbial substrate with three‐pool transfer modeling of the physical fractions over time since cultivation revealed that dynamic transfers of inputs occurred between the free organic and aggregate‐protected fractions, and from these fractions to the mineral‐associated dense fraction. Under 5°C temperature elevation, increased transfer rates outweighed elevated decomposition losses to sustain soil C accrual into the future. To effectively plan managed landscapes and monitor sustainable agroecosystems for climate change mitigation, tools must incorporate the complexity of soil response to change.

Core Ideas

Dynamic aspects of soil C are inadequately represented in most models.

Intermediate‐cycling pools are more responsive to disturbances than thought.

Root inputs are rapidly moved from particulate debris to mineral‐bound stable pools.

Temperature increased the transfer rate to stable pools and sustained C accumulation

Climate change mitigation projections must capture dynamic responses in agroecosystems.
Controls of Chloride Loading and Impairment at the River Network Scale in New England
Authors: Zuidema Shan , Wollheim Wilfred M. , Mineau Madeleine M. , Green Mark B. , Stewart Robert J.
Published: June 2018

Chloride contamination of rivers due to nonpoint sources is increasing throughout developed temperate regions due to road salt application in winter. We developed a river‐network model of chloride loading to watersheds to estimate road salt application rates and investigated the meteorological factors that control riverine impairment by chloride at concentrations above thresholds protective of aquatic organisms. Chloride loading from road salt was simulated in the Merrimack River watershed in New Hampshire, which has gradients in development density. After calibration to a regional network of stream chloride data, the model captured the distribution of regional discharge and chloride observations with efficiencies of 93 and 75%, respectively. The estimate of road salt application is within uncertainties of inventoried estimates of road salt loading and is 122 to 214% greater than recommended targets. Model predictions of chloride showed seasonal variation in chloride concentrations despite a large groundwater storage pool. Interannual variation of mean summer chloride concentration near the outlet varied up to 18%, and the total river length exceeding impairment thresholds varied 12%. Annual snowfall, which drives road salt loading, correlated with chloride impairment only in headwater streams, whereas concentration variability at the outlet was driven primarily by dilution from clean runoff‐draining undeveloped forested areas of the watershed. The role of summer meteorology complicates the protection of freshwater systems from chloride contamination.

Core Ideas

A watershed‐scale model of chloride (including road salt) transport was developed.

Model road salt loading inferred from stream observations was similar to inventories.

Seasonal chloride contamination in headwater streams covaried with annual snowfall.

Chloride contamination in larger rivers was inversely related to summer precipitation.

Comprehensive management of chloride requires controls on available dilution.
Economic freedom and democracy: determinant factors in increasing macroeconomic stability
Authors: Yevdokimov Yuri , Melnyk Leonid , Lyulyov Oleksii , Panchenko Olga , Kubatko Victoria
Published: June 2018

The main goal of the article is to analyze the role and influence of economic freedom on macroeconomic stability. For this purpose, the authors used the integrated index of economic freedom, calculated by the Heritage Foundation and Democracy Index. It is noted that this index indicator was calculated by the experts from the World Bank using the index of voice and accountability. In the paper, the authors used the multinational panel dataset for 11 countries of the EU for the purpose of checking the correlation between economic freedom, democracy and macroeconomic stability. It should be highlighted that the abovementioned 11 countries are related by the fluctuation of economic growth during the transformation process (1996–2016) from communist party to the democracy and political pluralism. In addition, the authors proposed to add the indicators of political stability and trade openness, which allowed to take into account implementation of flexible macroeconomic instruments, including monetary policy, which towards increasing the economic growth, employment and financial development of the countries. The findings are directed received using the regression equation with fixed and random effects showed the high level of correspondence of the model used with the original observations. Despite the chosen approach to estimate the macroeconomic stability, the findings showed that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of economic freedom and democracy on macroeconomic stability.
Invasión urbana de flebotomineo transmisores de Leishmania en Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Nieves Blanco Elsa , Zambrano Avendaño Emilianny , Sanchez Mireya , Rondón de Velasco Maritza , Sandoval Ramirez Claudia Magaly
Published: June 2018

El desarrollo urbano ha causado una serie de transformaciones ambientales, que ha promovido la propagación de la leishmaniasis con la adaptación de los flebotomíneos transmisores. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de flebotomíneos y evaluar factores epidemiológicos asociados a la transmisión de leishmaniasis en una zona urbana de Zea, Venezuela.  Se emplearon cinco métodos  de captura de  flebotomíneo en el interior de las viviendas en dos urbanizaciones en Zea, Venezuela. A través de un instrumento tipo encuestas, se determinaron las variables epidemiológicas asociadas a la transmisión de la leishmaniasis. Se demostró la presencia en el interior de la viviendas urbanas de Lutzomyia youngi, Lutzomyia spinicrassa, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia ovallesi, Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia venezuelensis,  Lutzomyia atroclavata  y Lutzomyia lichyi. El 62,5% de las especies capturadas en las áreas urbanizadas poseen hábitos de antropohematofagia. Se determinó un 67 % y 80% de infestación en las viviendas de las  urbanizaciones estudiadas. Se evidenció un bajo nivel de conocimiento en los pobladores principalmente sobre los flebotomíneos, lo cual incrementa el riesgo de domiciliación y  transmisión de la leishmaniasis. Se alerta a los entes encargados del control de dicha enfermedad a implementar las medidas preventivas y de educación necesaria.
Morbimortalidad asociada con abordajes intravasculares en pacientes pediátricos graves
Authors: Baños Sánchez Darelys
Published: June 2018

La inserción de catéteres intravasculares se ha convertido en un procedimiento indispensable en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar la morbimortalidad asociada a abordajes intravasculares en pacientes pediátricos graves. Fue un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo,  durante el 2016, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico “Pepe Portilla”, Pinar del Río, El Universo: quedó constituido por 182 pacientes que requirieron abordaje intravascular. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas y el registro de morbilidad continua de la unidad, se procesó con el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows, se utilizó el test de hipótesis de proporciones y los porcentajes. Se realizó abordaje intravascular al 51,12% de los ingresados, al 31,46% por vía femoral, el 60,83% con menos de un año de edad. El principal uso fue la administración de medicamentos (100%), el 56,59% tuvo el abordaje más de 10 días, el 12,08% de los pacientes presentó complicaciones, la infección fue más frecuente. Se concluyó que existe alta incidencia de la aplicación de abordajes intravasculares, la infección por catéter es la complicación asociada más frecuente.
“Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations, and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction”
Authors: Surya Wardhani Indah
Published: June 2018

Said innovative policy and influencing movements, the circumstance of governing natural resources has been changing in the last decade. Along with the wave of democratization in the late 1990s, the global norms of transparency and accountability reach new leverage today, including in Southeast Asia. The norms ignite the active participation of civil societies in controlling extractive governance – a praxis that never been occurred in two or three decades ago. Meanwhile, the governments require people active participation to advance people trust and political legitimation.                Innovative policy and influencing movements stand at the central argumentations of this book. Perceive as an introduction, this book denotes contributions on the extractive industry governance by using the lenses of civil society movements to acquaint intricacy of the sectors. There is a “resource curse” or paradox of plenty refers to the paradox that countries with an abundance of natural resources tend to have less economic growth and worse development outcomes. Therefore, the civil engagement has been perceived as a tool to ensure the benefit of extractive industries run for the greatest benefit of the people, as well as mitigates the risk and undesirable impacts of the extractive operations.Throughout the selected articles, the book addresses on how civil societies engage in the extractive industries governance and through what mechanisms. Instead of outlining resource revenues management as the crucial aspects to be monitored by the citizens, this book rather highlights political perspective to challenge conventional understanding that extractive industries are pure – exclusively – economic affairs. The analysis convinces that extractive industry is highly political since they draw elites into the core decision-making. The high intensity of money and high technology within sectors subsequently renders those activities beyond the reach of the public. Thus, strong civil societies with the active participation are required to undermine oligarch notions and miss use power of the extractive sectors.The discussion of civil society engagements in this book is divided into process and results. The selected cases depict experiences from the local, national, and transnational contexts enrich the discussion and provide civil society movements in a broader sense. The multi-governance perspectives are used to picture the multiple factors enabling the movements, including various challenges and opportunities for the engagements. The elaboration on the book’s content will become the entry point to the more critical discussion in the subsequent of this review.
The Legal Norm as a Function: The Influence of Ernst Cassirer and the Marburg Neo-Kantians on Hans Kelsen
Authors: García Berger Mario
Published: June 2018

In this paper I argue that if we apply the Cassirerian concept of function to the Kelsenian legal norm we get an explanation free from non-juridical elements. After describing the process of desubstantialization that, according to Cassirer, has taken place in mathematics and natural sciences, as well as the concept of science that emerges from this transformation, I contrast the idea of the legal norm as a functional relation with Kelsen´s characterization of the legal norm as the objective meaning of an act of will.
Tunca Nehri’nin (Edirne) Rotifera Faunası ve Kommunite Yapısı
Authors: GÜHER Hüseyin , DEMİR Yasemin
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırma sınır aşan önemli akarsularımızdan Tunca Nehri’nde Rotifera’nın
komminite yapısını ve çeşitliliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada Tunca Nehri’nde belirlenen 4 istasyonda Haziran 2014-Mayıs 2015
tarihleri arasında periyodik olarak Rotifera örnekleri toplanırken bu
organizmaları etkileyen bazı çevresel parametrelerde ölçülmüştür. Rotifera’da
20 tür tespit edilirken Tunca Nehri’nde
yıllık ortalama 1243 birey/m3 Rotifera bireyi bulunmuştur. En
yaygın türler olarak Brachionus
quadridentatus % 36,2 (450 birey/m3), Keratella quadrata % 12,3 (152 birey/m3), Asplanchna priodonta %11,9 (148 birey/m3),
Brachionus plicatilis % 6,4 (80
birey/m3), Keratella
cochlearis % 6,0 (74 birey/m3) bulunmuştur. En fazla organizma
sonbahar (2191 birey/m3) mevsiminde ve 2. istasyonda (1496 birey/m3)
tespit edilmiştir. Tunca Nehri’nin ölçülen çevresel parametreler Yüzeysel Su
Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’ne göre değerlendirilmiş ve nehir suyunun genel olarak I.
ila II. sınıf su kalitesi arasında değiştiği, sadece fosfat değerleri açısında
III. ila IV. sınıf su kalitesi arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ağır metal kirliliğinin biyoremediasyonunda sucul makrofitlerin kullanımı
Authors: NASSOUHİ Danial , ERGÖNÜL Mehmet Borga , FİKİRDEŞİCİ Şeyda , KARACAKAYA Pınar , ATASAĞUN Sibel
Published: June 2018

Sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin artması neticesinde ağır metal deşarjı da
artmış ve bu da sucıl ekosistemlerde önemli bozulmalara yol açmıştır. Ağır
metal kirliliği gözlenen sucul ekosistemlerin biyoremediasyonuna yönelik ilgi,
maliyetlerinin düşük olması ve çevre dostu olmaları nedeniyle giderek
artmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ağır metal ile kirlenmiş atık sular ve doğal suların
remediasyonunda sucul makrofitler daha sık kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Bu
çalışmada, remediasyonda sık kullanılan sucul makrofitler ve remediasyon
kapasiteleri hakkında son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
Autoritarismo e violência nas literaturas de língua portuguesa: Graciliano Ramos, Branquinho da Fonseca e Luís Bernardo Honwana
Authors: Pacheco Keli Cristina
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo realizamos um exercício de literatura comparada das obras Vidas Secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos, Nós matamos o Cão-Tinhoso (1964), de Luís Bernardo Honwana, e Bandeira Preta (1956), de Branquinho da Fonseca, com a intenção de refletir principalmente sobre a presença da violência nos enredos. Procuramos não estabelecer um centro de influência, conforme solicita Silviano Santiago (1971), a fim de considerar alguns sentidos das construções ficcionais, notadamente em relação à linguagem e à forma narrativa, a partir do exercício comparativo. Também buscamos perscrutar o modo como as personagens recepcionam as paisagens históricas, ou ainda identificar a forma como resistem à violência presente nelas.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a446
A criança como outroridade: jogo ficcional e poética da temporalidade em Alfredo Garcia e Ondjaki
Authors: Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia
Published: June 2018

O estudo apresenta a análise das narrativas “Quixote” (conto) e Bom dia, camaradas (romance), respectivamente de Alfredo Garcia e Ondjaki, com vistas a estabelecer algumas diretrizes encontradas em narrativas que reúnem um protagonista-narrador cuja perspectiva é a do indivíduo na infância, em associação com processos recordativos que implicam o jogo entre história e ficção, relacionado às figurações da violência de estado.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a457
A linguagem fantástica em “Coisas” – a rebelião necessária
Authors: Siqueira Ana Marcia Alves
Published: June 2018

A partir da concepção de que o recurso ao fantástico constitui uma estratégia de questionamento dialético da realidade com vistas à reflexão, o trabalho discute a arquitetura da linguagem fantástica e seus efeitos significativos na construção do conto “Coisas”, de José Saramago. A análise de artifícios estéticos presentes no conto, como o insólito e o absurdo, objetiva evidenciar a presença de métodos de violência e perseguição característicos da ditadura salazarista materializados na opressão mesquinha e embrutecedora da sociedade capitalista que tudo transforma em objetos comerciáveis. Em suma, o recurso fantástico empreendido por Saramago oferece uma interessante possibilidade de leitura da relação entre a tensão significativa do signo, aflorada pelo recurso fantástico, e o entre-lugar ocupado por objetos e pessoas na sociedade portuguesa pós-Estado Novo, funcionando como uma ruptura crítica de ressignificação da realidade com vistas a criar outra mais lírica e humana.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a476
Quando a violência colonial ecoa nas folhas da floresta e nas páginas literárias: 'Mayombe', de Pepetela
Authors: Aguiar Adriana
Published: June 2018

Partindo das relações entre literatura e espaço, a proposta deste artigo é analisar a representação da natureza no romance Mayombe, de Pepetela, escrito na década de setenta do século XX, quando Angola era ainda colônia de Portugal. Destaca-se na obra a relação entre a floresta como espaço insular, de trincheira e escudo, em contraposição ao espaço colonial, representado na narrativa pela presença dos tugas, soldados portugueses a serviço de Salazar em Angola.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a479
Diversity and phylogeny of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) accessions based on iPBS markers
Authors: Bayat Mahdi , Amirnia Reza , Özkan Hakan , Gedik Aysun , Ates Duygu , Tanyulac Bahattin , Rahimi Mehdi
Published: June 2018

This study sought to measure genetic diversity and phylogenetic structure
among 196 individuals of saffron from 20 geographically separate accessions
from Iran, Spain and Turkey using retrotransposon derived iPBS markers.
Twenty-eight primers amplified a total of 179 polymorphic alleles with an
average of 6.4 bands per primer. The average of parameters shannon's
information index, genetic distance and gene diversity was 0.483, 0.286 and
0.841 respectively. Polymorphic information index ranged from 0.407 to 0.953
with an average of 0.824. Primers 2298, 2229 and 2393 with 0.953, 0.943 and
0.943 PIC respectively, identified as the most informative primers in this
study. The results of phylogenetic trees showed that twenty saffron
accessions were placed into four major clusters that matched with their
geographical locations completely. These results are supported by principal
coordinate analysis. Overall, we can confirm that iPBS markers as low cost
and high efficient molecular markers are a powerful DNA fingerprinting for
assessing genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis among saffron
accessions originating from different geographical regions.
Genetic diversity of wheat wild relatives using SSR markers
Authors: Salehi Marzeih , Arzani Ahmad , Talebi Majid , Rokhzadi Asad
Published: June 2018

Wild relatives of wheat are potential sources of valuable genetic materials
for wheat improvement. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of wild relative
species of wheat is crucial for their conservation and utilization. The
objective of the current study was to investigate the genetic diversity of
inter and intra species of Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides (AA),
Aegilops tauschii (DD) and Aegilops cylindrica (CCDD) originating from
northern and western Iran. Thirty microsatellite (SSR) markers belonging to
A, B, C and D genomes were used for analysis and 20 found to be polymorphic
within and between species. The SSR markers generated a total number of 180
alleles with an average of 9 alleles per locus in 21 genotypes. The genetic
diversity for all loci ranged from 0.74-0.90 with an average of 0.83. The
highest genetic diversity was estimated for Xgwm186 and Xgwm205 which the
latter could amplify in the A, D and CD genomes of T. monococcum, Ae.
tauschii and Ae. cylindrica, respectively. In addition, the number of bands
generated by Xgwm205 along with other four markers in Ae. cylindrica (CD)
was two-fold than that of Ae. tauschii (D). Polymorphic information content
ranged from 0.7-0.89 with an average of 0.82. The dendrogram obtained from
the neighbor-joining method divided the genotypes of the three species into
three distinctive groups. It can be concluded that SSR markers can be useful
not only in differentiating wild species of wheat possessing A, D and C
genomes, but also in assessing the genetic variation of genotypes within
these species.
Estimation of spatial genetic structure in inter-regional populations of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. species through phenotypic variation and seed protein profiling
Authors: Ali Shah , Mujtaba Muhammad , Ahmad Jan , Akbar Jadoon , Ashiq Rabbani , Ghafoor Abdul , Jahanzaib Muhammad , Khurshid Haris
Published: June 2018

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) is an important legume crop mainly
grown for its pharmacological and nutritional value in Mediterranean region,
western Asia, Indian sub-continent and Africa. We evaluated 110 fenugreek
accessions from diverse agro-ecological regions i.e. South Asia,
Mediterranean, Middle East, Europe and Africa for phenotypic divergence and
seed protein based variation. Significant agro-morphological variability was
revealed by germplasm viz-a`-viz traits e.g days to flower initiation, days
to flower completion, yield plant-1, plant habit, vigor, flower colour and
plant height. Multivariate approach of Principal Component Analysis and
Euclidean distance generated dendrogram distributed all accessions into 6
and 9 distinct groups for morpho-agronomic dissimilarities, respectively.
Four principal components (PCs) with Eigen value higher than unity (E>1),
represented 65% variability in germplasm. Geographical distribution was
evident by scatter plot as germplasm figured in 6 different sub-populations.
Iranian accessions were most diverse, showing up in all sub-populations
followed by Indian, Turkish, Ethiopian, Pakistani and Egyptian accessions
which ranked in 5,4,4,3 and 3 sub-populations, respectively. Electrophoretic
pattern of seed protein also exhibited considerable polymorphism in the
range of 30~100 kDa. Maximum of 16 bands were produced in Turkish PI171872
and Indian PI175321 genotypes. UPGMA based cluster analysis distributed all
accessions in 5 groups where accessions from close geographical proximity
settled adjacently.
Antioxidant leaf pigments and variability in vegetable amaranth
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Islam Tofazzal , Rabbani Golam , Oba Shinya
Published: June 2018

Twenty-three vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for variability,
interrelationships among antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield. Five
genotypes found to be a rich source of antioxidant leaf pigments and might
be directly selected as antioxidant leaf pigments enriched high yielding
varieties. Two genotypes had high content of antioxidant leaf pigments with
low yield might be used as donor parents for antioxidant leaf pigments genes
to develop transgressive segregant or pigment enriched transgenic vegetable
amaranth varieties. The insignificant negative genotypic correlation was
observed between total carotene versus all antioxidant leaf pigments,
ascorbic acid versus all antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield versus
rest of all traits. Improvement of vegetable amaranth regarding carotene and
ascorbic acid might be possible without compromising yield loss. On the
other hand, most of the interrelationships among antioxidant leaf pigments
traits indicated that improving of one antioxidant leaf pigment
significantly improved the other antioxidant leaf pigments.
C-Peptide Decline in Type 1 Diabetes Has Two Phases: An Initial Exponential Fall and a Subsequent Stable Phase
Authors: Shields Beverley M. , McDonald Timothy J. , Oram Richard , Hill Anita , Hudson Michelle , Leete Pia , Pearson Ewan R. , Richardson Sarah J. , Morgan Noel G. , Hattersley Andrew T. ,   The TIGI Consortium, Roep Bart O. , Tree Tim I. , Hammersley Suzy , Bolt Robert , Hill Anita V.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

The decline in C-peptide in the 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been well studied, but little is known about the longer-term trajectory. We aimed to examine the association between log-transformed C-peptide levels and the duration of diabetes up to 40 years after diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We assessed the pattern of association between urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and duration of diabetes in cross-sectional data from 1,549 individuals with type 1 diabetes using nonlinear regression approaches. Findings were replicated in longitudinal follow-up data for both UCPCR (n = 161 individuals, 326 observations) and plasma C-peptide (n = 93 individuals, 473 observations).

RESULTS

We identified two clear phases of C-peptide decline: an initial exponential fall over 7 years (47% decrease/year [95% CI −51, −43]) followed by a stable period thereafter (+0.07%/year [−1.3, +1.5]). The two phases had similar durations and slopes in patients above and below the median age at diagnosis (10.8 years), although levels were lower in the younger patients irrespective of duration. Patterns were consistent in both longitudinal UCPCR (n = 162; ≤7 years duration: −48%/year [−55, −38]; >7 years duration −0.1% [−4.1, +3.9]) and plasma C-peptide (n = 93; >7 years duration only: −2.6% [−6.7, +1.5]).

CONCLUSIONS

These data support two clear phases of C-peptide decline: an initial exponential fall over a 7-year period, followed by a prolonged stabilization where C-peptide levels no longer decline. Understanding the pathophysiological and immunological differences between these two phases will give crucial insights into understanding β-cell survival.