bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the AGU index set
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce
Published: October 2006

The AGU Index Set (or “GAP” terms for “Geophysical Abstracts in Press” terms) is used for classification of subjects covered by AGU. This index set has not been revised or altered since 1982.

The science itself of course has changed significantly in that period. Some areas of specializations have been less active than before, while others have increased in relative importance. New areas of research have also arisen.
Meteosat‐6 experiences anomaly
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Following a successful launch on November 20, 1993, the European Space Agency's Meteosat‐6 satellite began to experience an anomaly in the functioning of its radiometer, which affects the spacecraft's full operational capabilities.

The anomaly was discovered in December during quality checks of the infrared images. The reasons for the anomaly are now being investigated by a task force consisting of ESA and industry personnel.
Cosmic dust connection course offered
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The third course of the International School of Space Chemistry, “The Cosmic Dust Connection,” will be offered in Erice, Italy, from June 6 to 17.

The purpose of this course is to follow the evolution of solid particles in interstellar clouds and to show how they subsequently may be traced to comets, asteroids, meteorites and interplanetary particles. The role dust can play in astrochemistry is investigated with observational, theoretical, and experimental techniques. Advanced laboratory techniques for the study of meteorites and interplanetary particles are to be stressed.
Geodesy and geomatics added to department name
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The name of the University of New Brunswick's Department of Surveying Engineering has changed to the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering.

Geomatics is a newly coined term for the multitude of engineering fields into which traditional surveying and mapping has developed: geodetic surveying; property and boundary surveying; ocean mapping; remote sensing; geographical information gathering, storage, display, and dissemination; cartography and map making; mining surveying; photogrammetry; and digital mapping.
Jakosky named Editor of JGR—Planets
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Bruce M. Jakosky of the University of Colorado, Boulder, has been named editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Planets for a term extending through the end of 1998. He succeeds Clark Chapman of the Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Ariz. The transition will begin late this summer.

Jakosky's goal as editor will be to ensure the continued success of the journal as a first‐rate place to publish major new results in all aspects of planetary sciences. Noting that the planets section of the journal has only been in existence for 3 years, Jakosky attributes its success to “the value that the planetary science community places in interactions with other areas of geophysics.” AGU's planetology section and JGR—Planets are in a special place, he says, because the planetary topics overlap with the science in AGU sections and that published in other sections of JGR. “This reflects the interdisciplinary nature of planetary science and of geophysics as a whole. There must be a good relationship with the journals and scientists working in the areas of overlap, such as tectonics or solar wind interactions. The journal should ultimately reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the field.”
Outstanding student papers
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Twelve presentations were named Outstanding Student Papers in the Space Physics and Aeronomy Section at the 1993 Fall Meeting in San Francisco.

Sean Lev‐Tov, who presented “Quantitative Interpretation of VLF Signatures of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation Events in Terms of Location and Size of Disturbed Ionosphere Regions,” earned his M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1992 from Stanford University. He is pursuing his Ph.D. in the Electrical Engineering Department of Stanford. He received his B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1989. He is working toward his Ph.D. thesis, which consists of computer modeling of the effects of lower ionospheric disturbances caused by lightning‐induced electron precipitation events on VLF radio signals.
Mesosphere‐lower thermosphere coupling
Authors: Killeen Timothy L.
Published: October 2006

This piece was written to help inform science teachers, students, and journalists about some of the latest developments in the geophysical sciences. It will also appear in Earth in Space, published by AGU.
Taking a last look at the Venus ionosphere
Authors: Strangeway Robert J.
Published: October 2006

This piece was written to help inform science teachers, students, and journalists about some of the latest developments in the geophysical sciences. It will also appear in Earth in Space, published by AGU.

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter came to a fiery end in the atmosphere of Venus in October 1992 when the spacecraft propellant was finally exhausted and solar gravitational perturbations to the spacecraft orbit could no longer be countered with thruster firings. This entry marked the end of a highly successful mission to study the ionosphere and atmosphere of Venus.
Our forgotten colleagues in Cuba
Authors: Roederer Juan G.
Published: October 2006

I visited the Republic of Cuba from October 30 to November 6, 1993, to attend the Third Latin American Conference on Space Geophysics, of which I was an organizer. A scientific report on the conference has been published separately [Valdes Galicia, 1994]. The main purpose of the present article is to focus on the present predicament of scientists in Cuba; it is not intended as an account of their scientific activities per se. Much of the information is based on candid conversations with Cuban scientists and officials from the Cuban Academy of Sciences (ACC).
Outstanding student paper
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

One presentation was named Outstanding Student Paper in the Planetology Section at the 1993 Fall Meeting in San Francisco.

C. David Brown, who presented “Sub‐Alternative Models for the Formation of Artemis Chasma,” is a doctoral student at Arizona State University, Tempe. He received his B.S. in physics at Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif., in 1991
Why change the calendar?
Authors: Agnew James D.
Published: October 2006

Emiliani does not present a good argument for making a change in something as fundamental as the present calendar. Despite the obvious problems with our present one, I see no reason to replace one arbitrary calendar with another arbitrary calendar. Any simple computer program can account for the fact that there was no year 0 in our present calendar.

Why replace a calendar based on something (the alleged date of the birth of Christ) with one based on nothing (for example, Emiliani's rounded‐off guesstimate of the beginning of the Holocene)? We may as well fix the beginning of the calendar on the formation of the Earth (approximately 4.6 b.y.a.), although this might give historians and civil servants fits.
Planning today for the coastal research of tomorrow
Authors: Malone T. C. , Wright L. D.
Published: October 2006

The effects of global change and regional human activities are especially pronounced in the coastal zone, a highly productive and dynamic environment that includes the continental shelves, estuaries, bays, lagoons, and the Great Lakes. Although estuaries and continental shelf waters comprise less than 10% of the Earth's surface, they account for about 25% of global biological production, store 90% of the global sedimentary accumulation of organic carbon, and support over 75% of U.S. fisheries. Nearly 50% of the U.S. population inhabits coastal counties that make up 10% of the nation's land area and account for at least 30% of the nation's gross national product.
Clementine undergoing radiation test of Van Allen Belts
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Plans for the joint Department of Defense (DoD)‐NASA spacecraft Clementine to continue to film the asteroid Geographos have been officially canceled.

Yet project scientists are using the opportunity to test how the robot spacecraft fares in Earth's radiation belts. There is speculation that the twenty‐three experimental technologies aboard the craft may be more sensitive than proven technologies to radiation because of their minute size.
Mineralogists blazing new trails in health research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Mineralogists may no longer be between a rock and a hard place when it comes to securing elusive research dollars. Now they can tap into the relatively lucrative health care funding keg.

That's right. The newly emerging field of environmental mineralogy is helping medicine take another step forward in a new direction: human risk assessment—and how. This interdisciplinary approach is beginning to deliver more accurate ways of determining the threat that environmental pollutants like asbestos, lead, and pesticides pose to humans than offered by conventional carcinogen tests, which themselves have been controversial since the start.
New generation of Earth observing satellites born
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Following on Landsat's seeming “Generation X” of satellite technology, NASA has hatched a plan to build a new era of Earth observing crafts called “Smallsat” to help put NASA's “faster, better, cheaper” policy into practice, NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced last week.

NASA selected two commercial teams, CTA of Rockville, Md. and TRW Inc. of Redondon Beach, Calif., to develop, build, launch, and deliver the new duo of satellites to orbit within the next 2 years—and for under $60 million apiece. The minicrafts, which will provide global atmospheric pollution dynamics data for NASA's Mission to Planet Earth program as well as space physics and cosmic ray data, will be launched from a $12 million Pegasus vehicle. This will also reduce overall costs as many larger satellites must be launched from rockets, which generally run about $60 million.
Radar altimetry: A new concept in monitoring lake level changes
Authors: Birkett C. M.
Published: October 2006

Remote sensing of closed and climatically sensitive open lakes can provide useful information for hydrological applications and, through long‐term monitoring, for climatic change. One new method that offers a unique way of providing relative lake level data in areas where ground gauge measurements are unavailable uses satellite radar altimetry.

Global measurement of climate‐related variables will help to detect and monitor climate changes as they occur and validate climate models and related process studies. Because lake volumes respond to changes in precipitation integrated over their catchment basins [Street‐Perrott et al., 1986], they can act as important indirect indicators of climatic change. This response is particularly marked for closed lakes which have no significant surface or subsurface outflow.
All told atlas
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

As a result of recent droughts and agricultural irrigation and technological trends, declining groundwater levels may well be the most important water management dilemma facing the tri‐state region of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, according to a new 31‐page atlas by the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the declines have been intensified in some places by free‐flowing artesian wells that decrease hydraulic pressure and water storage in the aquifer, the atlas reports.
Faults uncovered at Yucca Mountain
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

It is often true that the findings of a study conclusively show that more study is needed. Such is the outcome of a new report on Yucca Mountain, Nevada—part of the $6.3 billion federal project to characterize the potential high level radioactive waste storage site, which is expected to continue for another 7 years.

Focusing attention once again on the controversial proposed site, a team of scientists report they have discovered a different shear zone of parallel faults in the area and named it the Sundance Fault. Unlike most of the faults around Yucca Mountain, these faults run northwest‐southeast.
75th anniversary contest entries displayed at meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Of the forty‐four entries in the 1994 Geophysical Images Contest, which was held in celebration of AGU's 75th anniversary, six received awards. All entries were displayed at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore where many members viewed the computer images, slides, photographs, and videos.

First place went to Kurt Feigl for the computer‐generated “Image of an Earthquake” produced by the French National Center for Space Studies. Two radar images acquired by the ERS‐1 European satellite before and after the magnitude 7.3 Landers event were used to compose this first‐ever interferometric image of an earthquake. The image shows the area near the earthquake epicenter and the faults where the ground surface ruptured.
New project to support scientific collaboration electronically
Authors: Clauer C. R. , Rasmussen C. E. , Niciejewski R. J. , Killeen T. L. , Kelly J. D. , Zambre Y. , Rosenberg T. J. , Stauning P. , Friis‐Christensen E. , Mende S. B. , Weymouth T. E. , Prakash A. , McDaniel S. E. , Olson G. M. , Finholt T. A. , Atkins D. E.
Published: October 2006

A new multidisciplinary effort is linking research in the upper atmospheric and space, computer, and behavioral sciences to develop a prototype electronic environment for conducting team science worldwide. A real‐world electronic collaboration testbed has been established to support scientific work centered around the experimental operations being conducted with instruments from the Sondrestrom Upper Atmospheric Research Facility in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland.

Such group computing environments will become an important component of the National Information Infrastructure initiative, which is envisioned as the high‐performance communications infrastructure to support national scientific research.
Future of U.S. space science arrives at a crossroads this week
Authors: Wakefield J.
Published: October 2006

Glory days. Some say they are over for the U.S. space program. Others say changes in the direction of the program merely reflect the transition to an increasingly interdependent post‐Cold War world.

Either way, the program appears to be entering a new epoch. NASA's track record has already shown that bigger is not necessarily better when it comes to space science—especially when smaller may mean the difference between life and death.
AGU Council adopts firm stance on scientific misconduct
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Recognizing that ensuring the integrity of the research process, including the conducting and reporting of research, is essential to the advancement of scientific knowledge, the AGU Council at its May meeting adopted a new policy and procedure for dealing with misconduct in science as it relates to AGU activities. This policy notes that AGU's primary purpose is to advance the geophysical sciences, and therefore the Union has an obligation to help define and promulgate standards of behavior that support and protect the integrity of the research process. The new AGU policy will be printed in full in a later issue of Eos.

The AGU Council also voted to join forces with the American Meteorological Society and several other scientific societies in the creation of a joint electronic publication along the lines of the proposal made by AGU's Publications Committee and Information Technology Committee. The proposed electronic journal will take advantage of the many aspects of the electronic medium. This proposal is one of the primary steps in AGU's overall plans for electronic publishing. Involvement with other societies that have similar interests will enhance the opportunity for gaining a better understanding of and experience with the new media.
AGU adopts, reconfirms positions: Space station
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The following is AGU's position statement on the Space Station and creationism, adopted and reaffirmed by the Council on May 26, 1994.

A healthy and effective space program is of critical importance to many fields of geophysics. The Space Station defined in the President's fiscal year 1995 budget is designed to maintain human presence in space and to allow microgravity and life sciences studies. Although this version of the station is supposed to be less costly than the original Space Station Freedom, the American Geophysical Union (AGU) remains deeply concerned that the high cost of implementing the current station design will detrimentally affect NASA's science programs: Mission to Planet Earth, those in the space sciences, and others. The impact within NASA is already evident in that there are no resources identified for new space science missions in the projected budgets for future years. The situation threatens the viability of a balanced national space program. AGU is also concerned that the high costs of the station may detrimentally impact geophysical science programs of other agencies.
Correlation of sea level anomaly amplitude modulation with El Ni˜o events in equatorial Pacific
Authors: Zheng Quanan , Yan Xiao‐Hai , Ho Chung‐Ru , Klemas Vic , Chene Robert E. , Tai C. K.
Published: October 2006

Satellite altimeter data have been used for the study of equatorially trapped waves since the launch of the Seasat satellite. After Seasat, the U.S. Navy Geodetic Satellite (Geosat) altimeter mission operated for nearly 5 years (from March 1985 to January 1990) and generated—in time span—an unprecedented sea level record from space.

Currently, the U.S.‐French TOPEX/Poseidon satellite and the European ERS‐1 satellite are operating in their orbits. Both satellites produce more accurate sea level data with improved altimeters on board. Application of satellite altimeter data to the studies of equatorially trapped waves has yielded some new information which has not been available previously [e.g., Miller etal., 1988; Delcroixetal, 1991; White and Tai, 1992].
Allegiance to theory changes with the wind
Authors: Vonnegut Bernard
Published: October 2006

In Peter Hobbs' “Clouds: Their Beauty and Challenge,” (Eos, March 29, 1994) a few points are deserving of comment.

He is indeed correct that “The cloud seeding hypothesis was based on a very simple, naive picture of the factors that control precipitation in real clouds.” It is worth noting that at the time almost the entire meteorological community shared the naive view that all precipitation particles begin as ice crystals according to the theory of Tor Bergeron. There can be little doubt that 4 decades hence some of the most cherished ideas of today will also appear to be naive. Hobbs' urging that we constantly question our own conclusions is good advice.
Fight to restore DoD support of academic research begins
Authors: Wakefield J.
Published: October 2006

The funding and philosophical battle between supporters of pork projects and merit review research has intensified in Congress in recent weeks. The fallout may potentially be devastating to some areas of geophysical science.

Just before the Independence Day recess, an unanticipated move by Rep. John Murtha (D‐Pa.) slashed $900 million or about half of the Defense Department's appropriations to universities for research (see Figure 1). To make the picture grimmer for peer‐reviewed research, the House version of the $240 billion spending bill added another $67 million to an already long list of earmarks. Rep. Murtha also announced that he would hold hearings on so‐called indirect cost reimbursements at federally supported research universities, proceedings which have in the past tarnished the face of higher education.
Charles A. Whitten (1910–1994)
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Charles Arthur Whitten, who in 1980 received AGU's most distinguished honor—the Bowie Medal—for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and unselfish cooperation in research, died of cancer on July 12. During his long service to AGU, he was general secretary from 1964–1974.

Whitten was an eminent geodesist known for his pioneering work in the use of large‐scale computers for geodetic adjustments and his research in crustal movements. He gained a reputation as a leader in geodetic research and operations in the United States at the Coast and Geodetic Survey, where he worked from 1930 until his retirement in 1972.
A. E. Ringwood: A remembrance
Authors: Brett Robin
Published: October 2006

Alfred Edward (Ted) Ringwood died of lymphatic cancer at the age of 62 in Canberra on November 12, 1993. Ted fought extremely bravely, as he did in his science. His wife, Gunn, and two grown children, Kristina and Peter, survive him.

Ted Ringwood was one of the giants of the solid Earth sciences in the second half of this century. He published more than 300 papers and two books. He was a Foreign Associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (at age 45), a Fellow of the Australian Academy (at 36), the Royal Society, and others.
AGU Headquarters receive architectural acclaim
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

While the new AGU headquarters has changed the face of AGU, the design of the building has also impacted Washington architecture and society. Washington Post architecture critic Benjamin Forgey praised the uniqueness of the building and the freshness it brings to the nation's capital and architectural community in a critique that ran last Saturday, July 10.

As testimony to the overall reception the new headquarters has received, the article provides a drumroll of a welcome to the neighborhood. To be sure, it pleased this distinguished architectural critic.
Developing service promises accurate space weather forecasts in the future
Authors: Siscoe G. , Hildner E. , Killeen T. L. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Lotko W.
Published: October 2006

Space storms—for our purposes, meaning all particle, electromagnetic, and ionospheric disturbances resulting from solar storms, coronal mass ejections, fast solar wind streams, and ionospheric instabilities—pose several costly hazards. They can impair hardware in space and disrupt power and communication grids on Earth and communications with satellites.

U.S. space weather services, as their operators acknowledge, fall short of providing the accurate, reliable forecasts their customers desire. The technological, scientific, and infrastructural resources exist, however, to significantly improve these services before the next solar maximum, expected around 2001.
Future of DoD Geophysics Directorate up in the air
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Tight budgetary times seem to be putting the squeeze on funding for geophysical science from many directions. In addition to potential heavy cuts in Defense Department support of academic research that may impact Earth and space science, the military's own mecca for geophysical research is in jeopardy.

Phillips Laboratory's Geophysics Directorate at Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, Mass., may not be funded for fiscal year 1996, according to the Air Force's budget projection released in June. The news falls on the eve of the Geophysics Laboratory's 50th Anniversary, September 20, 1995.
Career paths for the Geoscience Ph.D.
Authors: Korgen Ben J.
Published: October 2006

An article that ran in the March 15 issue of Eos discussed alternative careers in the geosciences. I would like to expand on this topic.

First, the examples provided overlook the many nonresearch niches that exist within the government. A response to the initial article (Eos, April 12,1994) touched on this omission by introducing science policy as a possibility. Readers also should be aware that the government, in general, contains other kinds of nonresearch niches that could be filled by geoscience Ph.D.s. These niches typically involve either technical writing and editing, some aspect of computer science, or the kinds of analysis and interpretation that does not fit the mold of basic or applied research, but which finds its way into both hard‐copy and digital products.
1993 Editors' Citations: Excellence in refereeing
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The reviewers whose photographs appear below have been cited by editors of AGU journals for excellence in refereeing. The editor's citation recognizes this special service to the Union, and the individuals listed below are to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews. They were recognized at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.
Dozer duck dominates the nearshore scene this summer
Authors: Wakefield J.
Published: October 2006

Move over Cindy Crawford and Arnold Schwartzenegger. What's hot on the beach this summer is not the usual standbys: A new experiment about how beach cusps are formed in the swash zone of the beach is what's turning heads this season.

When the data are in, hopefully, oceanographers will have an idea about what exactly causes the nearly regularly spaced strings of scallops to arise along some ocean and lake beaches and sediments.
Horton Medal presented to Hornberger
Authors: Bencala Ken , Hornberger George M.
Published: October 2006

Two purposes are served in the presentation of our professional society awards, such as the AGU Hydrology Section Horton Award. First, we identify and recognize the best work of our colleagues.

Second, we remind ourselves that this good work is being done by good people; people we are proud to know as more than ‘our colleague,’ but first, to know as ‘our friend.’ Our Horton awardee is George Hornberger of the Environmental Sciences Department at the University of Virginia. I have been entrusted to say a few words. about George's contributions, as he is both our colleague and our friend.
The Sea Floor: An Introduction to Marine Geology
Authors: Jacobson Randall
Published: October 2006

The authors of the second edition of The Sea Floor: An Introduce on to Marine Geology are to be commended for providing an easily readable book on marine sedimentology, its history, and its profound foundations for interdisciplinary research. The explosive growth of marine geological research and knowledge during the last 2 decades could easily overwhelm anyone wishing to summarize it. The authors acknowledge this in their preface: “We attempted neither a balanced nor an encyclopedic survey,” and this is clearly evident in this 356‐page tome with numerous figures and appendices. The book concentrates on sedimentary marine geology, with only enough geophysics and igneous petrology necessary to place scientific hypotheses in context.
D.O.E. seeks origin of deep subsurface bacteria
Authors:   DOE Subsurface Science Program's Taylorsville Basin Working Group
Published: October 2006

The microbiology at depths less than 50 m has been examined in various environments by many groups, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey, but similar studies of deeper strata that include geochemical and geological inputs have been performed at only a few sites.

These few sites include the Atlantic coastal plain aquifers beneath and around the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and crystalline bedrock in Sweden. In the former site a surprisingly large and diverse community was found occupying the sandy aquifers. In the latter site, the extant subsurface community was large, but not diverse, and constrained to shear zones. Prior to these studies, descriptions of subsurface microbial biogeochemistry were typically restricted to shallow aquifers and petroleum‐bearing formations.
Robert E. Holzer (1906–1994)
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2006

On May 19, 1994, Robert E. Holzer passed away after a career in geophysics spanning 6 decades. Beginning with studies of atmospheric electricity in New Mexico, his interests evolved through studies of waves in the magnetosphere, especially ELF and VLF waves, both in ground‐based records and then in situ, as rockets and satellites provided access to the farthest reaches of the magnetosphere, and finally to studies of the solar wind coupling with the Earth's magnetosphere. Robert E. Holzer, a fellow of both AGU and the American Physical Society, leaves a legacy to the field of geophysics through the training of students at the University of New Mexico and the University of California, Los Angeles, and through his many publications. He is survived by his wife Wilma, a daughter, and two sons, one of whom, Thomas E. Holzer, is well known to the geophysical community.
Academia's role in Test Ban Treaty monitoring remains unresolved
Authors: Wakefield J.
Published: October 2006

However, some progress has been made in negotiating how this university consortium will be coordinated with the federal government's efforts to develop comprehensive nuclear test ban monitoring systems. Before Congress closed shop, changes were made in the conference wording of a Defense authorization bill for fiscal year 1995 that covers seismic research. Instead of requiring the secretaries of Defense and State to sign off on all seismic projects for monitoring nuclear explosions before the funds may be obligated, as the Senate version of the bill originally proposed, the seismic projects must now be approved by an existing annual review group, which was established by a classified presidential directive. In addition, some of the controversial language in a complementing Senate report will be changed.
Magnetic storms and substorms compared, contrasted at Workshop
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Are magnetic storms qualitatively different than magnetospheric substorms? Are the magnetospheric processes that cause a sub‐storm fundamentally different from those that cause a storm? The National Geophysical Data Center and the Space Environment Laboratory hosted a workshop in Breckenridge, Colo., in June 1993 to discuss these questions and to investigate the relationship between magnetic storms and magnetospheric substorms.

Magnetic storms have not received the same amount of attention as substorms for the last several years due to a number of factors; there has been a stronger emphasis toward the “simpler” substorm phenomenology, the complexity of storm phenomena has deterred analysis, and the lack of appropriate data and incomplete data coverage in space and time has made analysis difficult. Continuing an effort begun at Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, in November 1991, twelve of us met to seek the answers, or, at least, to ask the pertinent questions. Each of us brought experience on different pieces of the puzzle; the solar wind, magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas and fields, and geomagnetic variations.
“Great problems of the Earth” Discussed at Symposium
Authors: Loper David , Lay Thome
Published: October 2006

The second open symposium for the new National Science Foundation (NSF) research program, Cooperative Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (CSEDI), was held at the Inn at Loretto in Santa Fe, N. Mex., from October 22–23,1993. The symposium, attended by more than 130 Earth scientists, was organized by Thome Lay, of the U.S. Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI) Coordinating Committee, and Chick Keller, with the assistance of Shirley Roybal.

The symposium began with an overview of the CSEDI initiative (see Eos, April 20, 1993) and a discussion of the functions of the U.S. SEDI Coordinating Committee by Chairman Rick O'Connell, followed by an explanation by Tom Jordan of the procedures for selection of a new Coordinating Committee, to serve in the coming year. Participants were invited to make nominations for new committee members during the course of the symposium.
Science education crisis: Problems, solutions discussed
Authors: Wolcott John
Published: October 2006

Public concern about the state of science education in America at the pre‐college and college levels is widespread, triggered largely by the perception that we are losing ground in the global economy. Science, and particularly technology, are seen as our most likely sources of recovery. For those who recall the public reaction to the launching of Sputnik by Russia in 1957, the present mood is similar, if somewhat less intense.

AGU members are in a unique position to influence debate about the science education crisis. Many of us, either as experts in some subset of physical science issues, as teachers at the college level, or even as parents observing our children's experiences in elementary or secondary school classrooms, may offer insight to this debate.
Flash floods in desert rivers: Studying the unexpected
Authors: Reid Ian , Powell D. Mark , Laronne Jonathan B. , Garcia Celso
Published: October 2006

Flash floods in desert ephemeral streams are unpredictable, infrequent, and shortlived. Although some observations of flood bores have been reported [e.g., Hassan, 1990], there is little quantitative data on the hydraulic and sediment transport dynamics of desert flash floods, despite the fact that desert streams pose many problems for river and reservoir management [Tolouie et al., 19937rsqb;. Furthermore, it has been suspected for some time that rates of sediment transfer might differ markedly in ephemeral and perennial rivers [e.g., Reid and Frostick, 1987; Schick et al., 1987].

Today, because of concern over prospective climate change, water resource issues are the subject of lively debate. Since current understanding and models of sediment dynamics derived from perennial streams may not be readily applicable to ephemeral flows, there is an urgent need for improved understanding of the dynamics of dryland rivers.
Gravity field over the former Soviet Union mapped
Authors: Makedonskii Efim L. , Balmino Georges , Galazin Victor F. , Kogan Mikhail G. , McNutt Marcia K. , Fairhead J. Derek
Published: October 2006

The gravity field of our planet's largest continental land mass was virtually terra incognita for most scientists prior to the creation of a data set now available in the public domain.

Recently, the 1°×1° averaged free‐air gravity anomalies over the former Soviet Union (FSU) were placed at the Bureau Gravimetrique International as an “open file” by the International Scientific Environmental Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The survey to develop the data set cost more than $2 billion.
Submarine volcanism and hydrothermal venting studied in Papua, New Guinea
Authors: Herzig Peter , Hannington Mark , McInnes Brent , Stoffers Peter , Villinger Heinrich , Seifert Richard , Binns Ray , Liebe Thomas
Published: October 2006

From March 11 to April 5,1994, the German research vessel Sonne mapped the largely uncharted offshore areas of the Tabarto‐Feni island chain in the New Ireland Basin of Papua, New Guinea. The Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean (EDISON) cruise was organized as part of a multidisciplinary program to study the regional tectonic setting of the Tabar‐to‐Feni chain, to document recent submarine volcanism, and to investigate seafloor hydrothermal activity on the submerged flanks of the volcanos.

The New Ireland Basin occupies a forearcposition with respect to the formerly active Manus‐Kilinailau arc‐trench system and hosts a series of Pliocene to recent alkaline volcanos that are built on rifted Miocene sedimentary basement. Several of the volcanos have large, high‐level porphyry stocks, and several have active geothermal systems, including gold‐depositing hot springs and the giant Ladolam gold deposit on the island of Lihir.
Modern Surge of Glacier Comes to an End
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The latest surge of Bering Glacier may be over. On the basis of observations made from July through November 1994, the present phase of the major surge of Bering Glacier, first reported Eos (vol. 74 pp. 321‐322,521, and 524), appears to have ended. During its 18 months of activity, between May 1993 and November 1994, the surge affected about 4000 km2 of the glacier—with parts of the eastern terminus of Bering's piedmont lobe advancing more than 9 km in less than 9 months.
Titan's Hubble‐bubble
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

New Hubble images of Saturn's moon Titan may shed light on a longstanding question: Are there continents on this solar system body? And if there are continents, are there then also oceans or lakes of hydrocarbons? Although many scientists have long suspected that there may be oceans on Titan's surface, they have not been able to confirm the hypothesis from Earth‐based observations. However, on the basis of radar studies, scientists have dismissed the idea that a global ocean may encompass the planet.
Indian Ocean may have El Ni˜o of its own
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have more far‐reaching effects on the global climate than researchers used to think. Not only the Pacific Ocean, but the Indian Ocean experiences cyclical fluctuations in upper ocean temperature that have repercussions for the world's weather, according to a new analysis of surface and subsurface temperature, data confirming the phenomenon for the first time.

In fact, the two oceans may be linked in a related pattern that occurs over a 3‐ to 7‐year period, scientists reported last week at AGU's Fall Meeting in San Francisco.
Hunsucker takes helm of Radio Science
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Robert D. Hunsucker of the University of Alaska has been named editor of Radio Science for a term extending through 1998. He succeeds David Chang of the Polytechnic University in Boston.

Hunsucker's goals as editor are to maintain the status of Radio Science as a prestigious international journal and to increase the journal circulation. Hunsucker also hopes to shorten the time between manuscript submission and publication. He acknowledges that these goals can be met only with the continued help and cooperation of associate editors, reviewers, and contributors to Radio Science.
AGU Budget and Finance Committee Meeting highlights
Authors: Colbeck Samuel C.
Published: October 2006

AGU received a clean bill of financial health from the Budget and Finance Committee, which held a biannual meeting November 10 and 11. In fact, financial statements through September of 1994 reveal an unexpected net gain in operations of $514K due to some unbudgeted income from special fees.

Although the final accounting for the construction of AGU's new headquarters awaits some details to be completed, the building is still under budget. At worst, remaining costs could result in a 1.8% overrun of the original estimate; however, that is not expected, according to the Committee, which is responsible for development of the budget, monitoring performance against the budget, and managing AGU's invested funds.
Santa Fe previews contributions of rock magnetism
Authors: Hunt Christopher P. , Banerjee Subir K.
Published: October 2006

Inspired by ideas from the first Santa Fe conference two years ago, geomagnetists reconvened in Santa Fe last June to consider how findings in rock magnetism could increase understanding in the fields of global climate change and geodynamics. The conference, entitled Remagnetization and Environmental Rock Magnetism: Clues to Records of Past Geodynamic and Global Change, was sponsored by the Institute for Rock Magnetism (IRM) in Minneapolis and funded in part by the Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation. Following lead talks that emphasized connections between geomagnetism and other geoscientific disciplines, more than 50 participants from the United States and Canada took part in an extended free‐form discussion that resulted in a lively and fertile exchange of ideas.
NAUDUR explorers discover recent volcanic activity along the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Auzende Jean‐Marie , Sinton John
Published: October 2006

Surveying an ultra‐fast spreading ridge along the East Pacific Rise (EPR), explorers aboard the submersible Nautile examined features such as lava pillows and tubes, sulfide chimneys, black smokers, hot shimmering waters, and colonies of animals living in hydrothermal vents to learn more about the processes of accretion and tectonics on the ocean floor. Taken together, the observations of the EPR between 17°S and 19°S from the 1993 NAUDUR cruise (a French acronym for Nautile on Ultra‐fast Ridge) indicate recent volcanic eruptions occurring as frequently as every few years.

The NAUDUR cruise was designed to study the interaction between magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at an ultra‐fast spreading axis of the EPR. Researchers performing twenty three dives in five regions (Figure 1) along the axis of the Garrett fracture zone collected more than 150 rock samples and made 52 gravity measurements [Auzende et al., 1994]. The Garrett fracture zone (13°S) and the Easter Microplate limit a large segment of the East Pacific Rise where the accretion rate is near the upper limit for present‐day spreading values (141 to 162mm/yr) [Perram et al., 1993]. The five dive regions with distinct morphological characteristics represent different stages in the accretion process.
Could a new attitude among scientists advance marine research?
Authors: Carrera Galo
Published: October 2006

The article “New Law of the Sea Could Facilitate Marine Scientific Research” by John Knauss (Eos, November 8) touches upon several important points that, in my view, require further comment.

I concur with Knauss's position that entering into the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS III) may facilitate marine scientific research. However, to achieve this goal, the host and visiting nations must develop trust and shared interest in the research programs, and international scientific organizations (both governmental and non‐governmental) must become involved.
The lighter side
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

With this illustration of GICs from Teemu Makinen, Eos initiates an occasional column devoted to the lighter side of geophysics. Illustrations, cartoons, anecdotes, and other “light” or “fun” geophysics items are welcomed as potential contributions.
Scientists need better tools to measure water vapor
Authors: Carlowicz Michael
Published: October 2006

More than any other greenhouse gas, water vapor controls the thermostat of Earth. Yet we still have a lot to learn about this simple molecule that plays a diverse and dynamic role, according to a special report released in December by AGU.

Our ability to measure water vapor in the atmosphere is inadequate, noted Dian Gaffen, a convener of the October 1994 Chapman Conference on water vapor and a meteorologist at the Air Resources Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Gaffen presented the special report, entitled “Water Vapor in the Climate System,” on December 14 at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The 15‐page report distills the presentations and discussions witnessed at the Chapman Conference down to a synopsis that can be read by teachers, students, and policymakers.
Solar answers may be in the WIND
Authors: Carlowicz Michael
Published: October 2006

A monumental storm appeared before NASA's electronic eyes and then buffeted the Earth on October 18, 1995, but it wasn't a hurricane. Winds of a different sort—solar winds—delivered a monstrous magnetic cloud to Earth that day around 4 p.m. EST. The interplanetary disturbance smacked the “bow shock” at the sunward edge of Earth's magnetosphere and made it oscillate slightly, catalyzing a 2‐day display of magnetic storms and aurorae visible as far south as Denver. And NASA's WIND spacecraft was there to see it coming.
Media Workshop at Ocean Sciences Meeting will help scientists reach the public
Authors: Azriel Patricia
Published: October 2006

Have you ever declined an interview with a reporter because you were unsure of yourself? If you have been interviewed, did you say something you wish you had not said? Would you like to be prepared for future encounters with the media? Communicating With the Media, a free workshop on successful interviewing practices, tips, and techniques, can help you. The workshop provides valuable information, whether you have given interviews in the past and want to improve your technique, or whether you have no experience working with reporters at all. Participants in the workshop at the 1995 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco praised the session with comments such as, “So many scientists could benefit from this,” and “The helpful, professional presentation merely reinforces the other top media relations services I have witnessed from AGU—more people should take this.”
Scientists must break “stony silence” on federal funding, NSF chief says
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Neal Lane, director of the National Science Foundation, made the following remarks as part of a speech entitled “Thin Ice Over Deep Water: R&D in a Seven‐Year Downsizing.” Lane delivered the speech on January 15 to the membership of the American Astronomical Society during that group's winter meeting in San Antonio.
Solar activity and geomagnetic storms: From M regions and flares to coronal holes and CMEs
Authors: Cliver E. W .
Published: October 2006

Two earlier articles published in the December 6 and December 27, 1994, issues of Eos outlined the history of solar‐terrestrial research from Sabine's founding discovery in 1852 through Chapman and Ferraro's landmark paper in 1931. This article deals with the development of the field from 1930 to the present with a focus on the identification of the solar sources of the two basic types of geomagnetic storms: recurrent and sporadic.
Cecil Green receives Smith Medal
Authors: Press Frank , Green Cecil
Published: October 2006

The Waldo E. Smith Medal, which is awarded for extraordinary service to geophysics, was presented to Cecil H. Green at the 1994 AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on December 7, 1994 in San Francisco. The award citation and Green's response are given here.

“It would take a book to do justice to Cecil Green's extraordinary contributions to the geophysics and electronics industries, to the training of scientists, physicians, and engineers, and to strengthening education and research institutions. In fact, such a book has been written about Cecil's multiple lives as engineer, geophysicist, cofounder of Texas Instruments, and partner with his wife, Ida, in international philanthropy.
Strides made in understanding Antarctic stratigraphy and Cenozoic glacial history
Authors: Cooper Alan , Webb Peter , Brancolini Giuliano
Published: October 2006

It is known that the Antarctic ice sheet greatly affected global climate, sea‐level, ocean circulation, and Southern Hemisphere biota during Cenozoic times, but until recently, how remained largely a mystery. Because few Cenozoic rocks are exposed on the Antarctic continent, the only way to investigate the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet was through isotopic studies on distant deep‐ocean sediments. The success of these studies was limited—isotopic studies and low‐latitude sea level variation yielded different glacial ice volumes.

To take study of Cenozoic Antarctic glaciations and their effects a step further, the Antarctic Offshore Acoustic Stratigraphy project (ANTOSTRAT) assembled a contingent of geoscientists from over 100 institutions in 32 countries. Since 1989, they have compiled and analyzed offshore acoustic and geologic data from the Antarctic continental margin, amassing over 150,000 km of multichannel seismic reflection data, tens of thousands of kilometers of single‐channel, high‐resolution seismic data, and over 1000 cores.