bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confession of Victim and Intonation of Vengeance: Famine, Terror and Writing
Authors: Vasylenko Vadym
Published: June 2019

The paper considers repressions and Holodomor as a kind of literary practice and traumatic experience in the works and biography of the Ukrainian diaspora writer Olha Mak. The  analysis covers ﬁction, memoirs, and journalistic texts, in particular the memoirs “From the Time of Yezhovshchyna”, the essay “Capital of Hungry Horror”, and the story “Stones Under Scythe”, considered in the context  of the ﬁ ction and documentaries of the postwar Ukrainian diaspora. In this case, the writing appears to be a vital natural resource for recreating the memory, where one’s own individual experience becomes a material, an object for self-reﬂ ection. The process of writing is associated with moral and ethical duty of witnessing the past; it has a powerful therapeutic meaning and protects from immorality integrating individual experience and history into collective, social, cultural, etc. The memoir “From the Time of Yezhovshchyna” by Olha Mack, dealing with the theme of Soviet  terror and repressions, is a peculiar form of re-experiencing a personal tragedy associated with the  arrest and deportation of the author’s husband. It shows the self-denial of the Soviet human, the wife of the ‘enemy of people’, and records her traumatic experience and memories.The Holodomor theme, elaborated by Olha Mack in various genres and forms, was not only a material, an object of research, but also a part of her personal biography and family  history. The Holodomor in the perception of Olha Mack symbolized the threat to social, national (spiritual) life connected with various social, cultural, and mental illnesses; hence, it involves the idea of eliminating Ukraine not only as material and spatial entity, but also as abstract and spiritual one. The story “Stones Under Scythe”, dedicated to the memory of the Holodomor, is considered as a kind of the classical bildungsroman genre’s variation. Its conceptual ﬁ gures are images-archetypes of the child-victim, the female martyr, the great mother. The Holodomor (both physical and spiritual, which destroys the foundations of national dignity, national solidarity and so on) in the story by Olha Mack is not only the topic, but also a continual metaphor and key motive.
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE POLICY THROUGH FTZ (FREE TRADE ZONE): BBK CASE ANALYSIS
Authors: Muzwardi Ady
Published: June 2019

Abstract
ANALISIS BUADAYA ORGANISASI PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KOMITMEN PEGAWAI PADA PT.ALFA POLIMER INDONESIA
Authors: Karlina Melani
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
PENGARUH ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN INOVASI PRODUK TERHADAP KEUNGGULAN BERSAING (Studi Kasus pada Sentra Susu Lembang)
Authors: Yustisia Iva
Published: June 2019

The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Product Innovation To Competitive Advantages (Study Case on Sentra Susu Lembang), under the guidance of Dr. Dwi Raeni Santy. SE., M.Si In running a business course, companies are required to be able to produce a quality product that can be consumed by any among consumers , of course, produce a quality product will affect the competition . Where to produce a quality product means it can gain a competitive advantage .This study aims to determine Entrepreneurial Orientation, Product Innovation  that influences on the Competitive Advantages in the Industrial Center of milk Lembang partially and simultaneously.The method that is used in this research is descriptive method verification. The unit of analysis in this study is Entrepreneurs who are in the Industrial Center of milk Lembang Government in total 35 entrepreneurs. The test statistic that is used is the calculation of Pearson correlation, path analysis, the coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing, where the testing is done using the help of IBM SPSS application program 20 for Windows Lisrel.The results showed that Entrepreneurial Orientation in the are in the Industrial Center of milk Lembang significantly Product Innovation as independent variables and Competitive Advantages as dependent variables. In correlation calculations showed a strong relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Competitive Advantages. Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Competitive Advantages have a positive correlation, means that if Entrepreneurial Orientation is good, it will increase Competitive Advantages to be achieved by the Industrial Center of milk Lembang, if the that Entrepreneurial Orientation is not good, it will decrease the Competitive Advantages in the the Industrial Center of milk Lembang.
PENGARUH SIKAP KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN PROSES INOVASI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN USAHA PADA RUMAH BATIK KOMAR DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Handayani Trustorini , Tanjung Yusuf
Published: June 2019

ABSTARCT
PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEBAGAI IMPLIKASI DARI DIFERENSIASI PRODUK DAN CITRA MEREK HONDA CBI50R (Survey pada PT. Arimbi Amartapura Bandung)
Authors: Natajaya Darmazakti
Published: June 2019

Abstract
MODEL PELATIHAN BERBASIS KOMPETENSI BAGI MANAJER ACCOUNT OFFICER (AO) (STUDI DI BANK BADAN USAHA MILIK DAERAH (BUMD) DI JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Kusumastuti Dyah
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi di PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Witel Bandung)
Authors: Soetrisno Annisa Putri , Gilang Alini
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Witel Bandung dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriftif – kausal.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner dengan menggunakan penelitian sampel berjumlah 63 responden dan menggunakan metode teknik simple random sampling, dimana pengambilan anggota sampel dan populasi diambil secara acak tanpa melihat yang berstrata secara proposional didalam populasi itu dengan metode regresi linier sederhana.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Witel Bandung. Dari Koefisien Determinasi (R Square) menunjukkan nilai sebesar 0,510 atau sebesar 51%, artinya nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kompetensi mempunyai pengaruh terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan sebesar 51% dan sisanya 49% dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Competence, Employee Performance, Human Resources
Küreselleşme ve Sanat
Authors: ARIKAN Hakan
Published: June 2019

Küreselleşme denen olgunun
temelinde, dünya ekonomi piyasası güçlerinin tüm dünyaya yayılması yatmaktadır.
Fakat küreselleşmenin ekonomik boyutu belki de en rahat ve kolay
açıklanabilecek boyutudur. Uluslararası iktidar, güç dengeleri, pazar savaşları
ve kültür gibi konular, küreselleşmenin en incelikli, derin tarafını meydana
getirmektedir. Çünkü bu ekonomik faktör, özünde siyaset, güvenlik ve kültürle,
hatta din ile iç içe geçmiş haldedir. Piyasayı ele geçirenler, her türlü
politikalarını yürütebilmek için siyasete, dine, kültüre ve sanata kaynak
fonlar aktararak bu alanları kontrol altına almaya özen göstermektedirler. Bu
işin teknik ve gerçek boyutu olup, ekonomik varlığını neo-liberal ekonomi
politikalarını temel alarak devam ettiren küreselleşme, sosyal varlığını da
liberal kültürleştirmeyle sürdürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, küreselleşen dünyanın,
kitleler üzerindeki etki gücü üzerinde büyük etkisi olan sanat ise kaçınılmaz
olarak önemli bir alan oluşturmaktadır.
SEISMIC RETROFIT OF NONDUCTILE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME AND MASONRY BUILDINGS
Authors: Saatcioglu Murat
Published: June 2019

A large proportion of existing building and bridge infrastructure across the world consists of seismically deficient non-ductile structural systems. Performance of structures during recent earthquakes have demonstrated seismic vulnerability of these systems, the majority of which were designed prior to the enactment of modern seismic codes, though some were designed more recently in areas where code enforcement provides challenges. These structures constitute considerable seismic risk, especially in large metropolitan centres. Because it is economically not feasible to replace a large segment of seismically deficient infrastructure with new and improved systems, retrofitting existing structures remains to be a viable seismic risk mitigation strategy. The objective of this paper is to highlight seismic retrofit strategies for deficient building and bridge infrastructures, with emphasis on experimental and analytical research conducted at the University of Ottawa. The retrofit strategies consist of structural upgrades at the system level, as well as at the element level. Non-ductile reinforced concrete frame retrofits, in the form of lateral bracing techniques, and concrete column and masonry wall retrofit methodologies are discussed. The use of innovative materials and techniques are presented.
Actualités et questionnements théorico-cliniques à propos de l’incongruence de genre chez l’enfant et de la parentalité
Authors: Marchand Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2019

Alors que les premiers cas d’incongruence de genre chez l’adulte remontent au début du xx e  siècle, le cas particulier de l’incongruence de genre chez l’enfant connaît actuellement d’importants changements constituant une véritable mutation du phénomène. Afin d’exposer et de mieux comprendre ce changement, dans un premier temps, cet article présentera les travaux théoriques et/ou cliniques pouvant être considérés comme incontournables sur ce sujet, à savoir les travaux de Stoller, de Butler et de Laplanche. Ensuite seront abordés le changement de paradigme du syndrome transsexuel à la santé transgenre et les oppositions entre l’approche « prudente » et l’approche gender affirmative . Enfin, dans le but d’illustrer ces éléments, l’article présentera le cas de Marcia, mère de trois enfants dont George, le petit dernier, présente une incongruence de genre.
La solidarité comme moyen de Gestion des Ressources Humaines dans les Très Petites Entreprises (TPE) sénégalaises : vers un modèle local plus adapté
Authors: Simen Serge F. , Ebene Nkoa Diane
Published: June 2019

L’objet de cet article est de comprendre comment les dirigeants des Très Petites Entreprises (TPE) africaines mobilisent les valeurs culturelles de solidarité d’une part, et en quoi ces valeurs culturelles très prisées en Afrique peuvent constituer un modèle de GRH susceptible d’influer les attitudes des salariés d’autre part. Nous appuyant sur le cas du Sénégal en particulier, les analyses effectuées, à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de dix TPE, ont fait ressortir l’existence des pratiques de RH fortement ancrées dans la logique de solidarité. La solidarité peut ainsi s’observer dans les TPE sénégalaises tant sur le plan social (activités sociales et communautaires) que sur le plan de la rémunération, du recrutement, de la formation ou encore de la communication. Ainsi, il devient possible pour un dirigeant de TPE d’agir sur les ressorts culturels, tels que la solidarité, chez ses collaborateurs, pour promouvoir des méthodes de GRH particulièrement innovantes. Nous tentons de penser la production d’une GRH adaptée aux valeurs et cultures africaines.
La dynamique de Leibniz est-elle compatible avec sa monadologie ?
Authors: Garber Daniel
Published: June 2019

La dynamique de Leibniz, comme programme d’une science de la force, comportait à son commencement une métaphysique du corps. Quand ce programme vit le jour, à la fin des années 1670, Leibniz soutint que sa science de la force nécessitait la réhabilitation des formes substantielles. Mais à la même époque, l’intérêt de Leibniz pour les véritables unités en tant que constituants ultimes du monde le conduisit à poser le principe d’un monde de substances corporelles, entités faites unes en vertu d’une forme substantielle. Au début des années 1680, il semblait ainsi y avoir deux chemins convergents vers une même métaphysique, la réhabilitation de la forme substantielle. Au fil des ans, ces deux voies métaphysiques évoluèrent. Au milieu des années 1690, à la forme substantielle, comprise comme force active, la métaphysique dynamique ajouta la matière première, comprise comme forme passive. Parallèlement, les unités composant le monde évoluèrent des substances corporelles aux monades, substances non étendues, semblables à l’esprit et constituants ultimes des choses. Je soutiens que, lorsque cela se produisit, il n’était plus évident que ces deux représentations métaphysiques soient encore cohérentes : la métaphysique dynamique, fondée sur la force, et la métaphysique de l’unité, entendue désormais en termes de monades, semblaient de plus en plus incompatibles.
Des objets de luxe oriental
Authors: Girardier Sandrine
Published: June 2019

L’article apporte un éclairage sur le contexte productif et marchand de l’horlogerie du dernier quart du xviiie siècle et du début du xixe siècle, à travers l’exemple des Jaquet-Droz et Leschot et de leur activité commerciale avec la Chine. Les pendules, cages à oiseaux, montres, tabatières et flacons issus de leurs ateliers sont agrémentés de complications mécaniques, d’oiseaux chanteurs ou d’émaux chatoyants. Ce cas d’étude révèle une réalité complexe où l’excellence n’exclut pas le recours à la sous-traitance et à l’utilisation de modèles techniques et décoratifs.
An Efficient Segmentation Method for Mariculture Areas on Airborne SAR Images
Authors: Wang Houjun , Liu Hui , Ding Ning , Jing Pingping , Li Guangyu
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the problems of mariculture area segmentation and corresponding area value estimations are investigated on the basis of airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In order to deal with a limited amount of noisy airborne SAR image data in an efficient way, an effective coarse-to-fine approach is proposed, consisting of three major components, including (1) an adaptive segmentation method for each local patch to remove noise from the ocean background, (2) a dynamic coarse-to-fine clustering method for grouping pixels to achieve image segments, and (3) a polygon-fitting-based algorithm to obtain regular borders for each region and corresponding area value. Some feasible experiments are operated based on the restricted airborne SAR images, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated in terms of the provided pixel level evaluation annotations.
Comprehensive Evaluation on Power Quality of Tidal Current Convertors
Authors: Xue Caixia , Wang Xiang-nan , Jia Ning , Zhang Yuan-fei , Xia Hai-nan
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the continuous development of testing and evaluation of tidal current convertors, power quality assessment is becoming more and more critical. According to the characteristics of Chinese tidal current power generation and power quality standards, this paper proposes
a comprehensive evaluation method of power quality based on K-means clustering and a support vector machine. The fundamental purpose of the method is to automatically select the weights of various indicators in the comprehensive assessment of power quality, by which the influence of subjective
factors can be eliminated. In order to achieve the above purpose, K-means clustering is used for automatically classifying the operational data into five different categories. Then, a support vector machine is used to study and estimate the relationship of the operational data and categories.
Using the method proposed in the paper, the analysis of operational data of a tidal current power generation shows that calculation results can objectively reflect the power quality of the device, and the influence of subjective factors is eliminated. The method can provide a reference for
the testing and evaluation of a large amount of tidal current convertors in the future.
Evaluating the Probability of Power Loss in Ship Electric Propulsion Systems Based on Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Zhang Wenfen , Yan Xinping , Zhang Di , Zhang Jinfen
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of smart and green ships has led to the wide use of electric propulsion systems, creating many safety problems. The ship electric propulsion system (SEPS) loses power frequently, creating significant risk in maritime transportation. This article proposed
a probability evaluation method to assess SEPS power loss, based on Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs). The BBN structure of power loss in a SEPS is considered the main component causing SEPS disruption. The prior probability and conditional probability tables of the model were generated using
statistical data and expert judgment. A case study was conducted to illustrate the proposed model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was used to identify several key indicators, including human factors, navigation conditions, winding failure, aging, and parameter setting. Compared with related
research, the proposed method is rational and effective. As such, the method presented in this article provides a practical and flexible way to evaluate the probability of power loss in a SEPS. The model enables the safety manager to discover key influencing factors and components during ship
operations, providing effective ways to reduce ship power loss.
Buridan’s ass syndrome: Dilemma of the human resources practitioner in workplace bullying
Authors: Mokgolo Manasseh , Barnard Antoni
Published: June 2019

Orientation: Worldwide, bullying in the workplace is recognised as a sensitive and psychologically destructive issue. It has a detrimental effect on employee well-being, organisations’ productivity and employee relations. As a vital link between different constituencies in the organisation, human resource practitioners struggle in their attempts to address and manage workplace bullying.Research purpose: The aim of this article was to describe the challenges that human resource practitioners face when being tasked with addressing workplace bullying.Motivation for the study: Concern about human resource practitioners’ capacity to manage situations of workplace bullying requires a better understanding of their role in and perspective of the bullying phenomenon.Research approach/design and method: A constructivist, grounded theory research design was used to explore the perspectives of nine human resource practitioners on workplace bullying. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to gain insight into and understanding of their experiences of bullying in the workplace.Main findings: Paradoxical role demands, lack of decision-making power and their perceived lack of support from policy and management disable the human resource practitioners’ functionality in addressing workplace bullying.Practical/managerial implications: The study identifies dilemmas that human resource practitioners face, impeding their capacity to address workplace bullying effectively. Findings highlight the practical value of empowering such practitioners in the role they play in dealing with workplace bullying situations.Contribution/value-add: The present study contributes to the limited body of knowledge on human resource practitioners’ perspectives on workplace bullying within the South African context.
The Role of the Cognitive Variables on Intention to Entrepreneurial Behavior of Engineering Undergraduates in Sri Lanka
Authors: Udayanganie W M I , Jusoh Mazuki , Chinna Karuthan
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to assess the role of cognitive variables on intention to entrepreneurial behaviour of engineering undergraduates in engineering undergraduates in Sri Lanka. Entrepreneurship is one of the key drivers of an economy. Individuals with entrepreneurial mind create wealth and majority of jobs in the economy. Entrepreneurship for engineers is not new to the world. Recent changes in the world and engineering present both challenges and opportunities to engineering education. Engineering education is changing to meet these challenges. Instilling an entrepreneurial mindset in undergraduate engineers is essential if we want the bright young talent to innovate and then productize those innovations to better mankind. A study was conducted with the sample of 202 final year undergraduates in engineering faculties in Sri Lanka. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling were applied with use of SPSS and AMOS to analyze the relationships of these variables. The results reveal that Entrepreneurial Cognition have significant positive associations with entrepreneurial mindset of engineering undergraduates and there are significant associations between Arrangement, Willingness and Ability with the entrepreneurial Mindset and Entrepreneurial mindset with Intention to entrepreneurial behaviour.
Assessment Challenges & Impact of Formative Portfolio Assessment (FPA) on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance: A Case Study on the Preparatory English Language Course
Authors: Alam Md. Jahangir , Aktar Tahmina
Published: June 2019

Present study aimed to explore the impact of formative portfolio assessment on Saudi EFL learners’ overall writing performance. The study reviewed literature of prevailing assessment challenges including the formative role of portfolio assessments to develop an understanding of the nature of assessments and various issues related to assessment practices. The current research applied formative portfolio assessment (FPA) technique as an intervention material in the ongoing preparatory Intensive English Language course and utilized semi-structured interviews to elicit qualitative data from students. The findings of the study suggest: formative portfolio assessment inspires autonomous learning among students by empowering them taking more control of the learning and assessment process.
Milk Adulteration: Detection of Bovine Milk in Caprine Dairy Products by Real Time PCR
Authors: Tsakali Efstathia , Agkastra Christina , Koliaki Christina , Livanios Dimitrios , Boutris Georgios , Christopoulou Myrto Ioulia , Koulouris Spiridon , Koussissis Stamatis , Impe Jan F. M. Van , Houhoula Dimitra
Published: June 2019

Milk adulteration is an international social problem. Consumption of adulterated milk may cause serious health problems and a great concern of the food industry has been raised. In this study, a method based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principle was validated for detecting cow’s milk in goat's dairy products. A total of 40 goat's dairy products commonly consumed in Greece, were tested. Various concentrations, from 0.01 to 90%, of cows’ milk in goats’ milk samples were prepared for DNA extraction and further PCR analysis. Selection of highly polymorphic regions within the cow and goat mitochondrial D-loops, showing low homology between the two species, allowed to choose specific primer pairs for detection of cow and goat DNA. After electrophoresis, cow DNA was characterised by the fragment of the size of 300 bp, goat DNA by the fragment of 444 bp. The detection limit of the PCR method was 0.01% while sensitivity and specificity of the method were both 100%. Goat dairy products samples were tested for the presence of cow DNA. Thirty six out of forty (90%) that were tested, were found to produce cow-specific PCR product in addition to goat PCR product while only two samples gave goat-specific product only. The results are disappointing in terms of the food labelling honesty but on the other hand PCR is again a quickly, easy and reliable method that could be used for extended adulteration screening.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 6
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: June 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 6
Estudo dos efeitos da carbonatação na vida útil de pontes de concreto armado
Authors: Sousa Pamella Abreu de , Gomes Taís
Published: June 2019

A busca por maior rapidez e economia na construção civil tem gerado erros de execuções e projetos, especificação de materiais inadequados, mão de obra desqualificada e diferentes tipos de patologias. O estudo cuidadoso dos problemas a partir das características e manifestações patológicas permite um conhecimento mais aprofundado de suas causas. Sendo assim, o presente estudo de caso tem como foco a análise da dureza superficial e da profundidade de carbonatação do concreto dos pilares da ponte localizado na cidade de Porto Nacional/TO, construída com a criação do lago na cidade. Faz parte desse estudo também uma breve analise patológica visual, que teve como intuito uma avaliação qualitativa. Através de ensaio não-destrutivo (esclerometria) e ensaio semi-destrutivo (medição da profundidade de carbonatação in loco), obtiveram-se valores de índices esclerométricos que se correlacionaram com a profundidade de carbonatação e resistência à compressão do concreto, permitindo estimar a vida útil dos pilares da ponte.
“THAT VERY FUNNY ARTICLE,” POLLYPERRUQUE, AND THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF DUCHAMP’S FOUNTAIN
Authors: Girst Thomas
Published: June 2019

Within half a century, the status of Duchamp’s readymades changed from iconoclastic object to iconic sculpture. This contribution focusses on two of Duchamp’s readymades, one from 1915 and thus dated at the very beginning of Duchamp’s occupation with this subject matter, while the other is dated 1967, the very last object to enter this particular category within Duchamp’s oeuvre. André Breton remarked that “future generations can do no less than make a systematic effort to go back the stream of Duchamp’s thought and carefully describe its meanderings in search of the hidden treasure which was his mind.” It is with these suggestions in mind that, after the examination of an heretofore unknown readymade from the 1910’s and his collage Pollyperruque from the year before he passed away, final observations will examine the 100th anniversary of Duchamp’s Fountain to reassess the readymade’s potential as an analog object and social media phenomenon in the digital realm.
¿Son los huertos escolares en educación infantil una realidad o una innovación educativa? Estudio de centros escolares de la ciudad de Córdoba (España) y propuestas de cambio desde la Universidad
Authors: Alcántara Manzanares Jorge , Torres-Porras Jerónimo , Mora Márquez Manuel , Rubio García Sebastián , Arrebola Haro José Carlos , Rodríguez Rodríguez Lidia
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo pretende vislumbrar si los centros de educación infantil de la ciudad de Córdoba tienen huerto escolar, las razones por las que carecen en su caso, y si conocen las técnicas de planificación, diseño e implementación. Para analizar la existencia del huerto se realizaron 93 encuestas telefónicas, obteniéndose que más de un 50 % de los centros no tenían, ya sea por falta de espacio, por no habérselo planteado o por falta de conocimientos. Casi el 70 % de los centros sin huerto alegaron no conocer las técnicas. Con estos resultados, queda justificado el objetivo de formar al alumnado de Grado en Educación Infantil sobre este recurso. En este caso, la iniciativa educativa presentada consistió en la preparación de huertos portátiles o reproducibles en cualquier espacio exterior.
Feminismo y percepción del sexismo mediante TIC en educación superior. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Martínez Romera Daniel David
Published: June 2019

Encontrar nuevas vías para trabajar temas sensibles en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, como el que se propone, es tanto un reto como una necesidad docente, especialmente en contextos como el seleccionado (Educación para la Ciudadanía). Es por ello que se presenta un estudio diseñado para comprobar si las TIC pueden utilizarse de forma positiva en la exposición, debate y análisis de argumentos en ámbitos formales, así como para lograr un mayor grado de expresión individual de las posiciones propias. Aunque es necesario desarrollar más estudios en esta línea, los resultados de la experiencia han permitido plantear y discutir los contenidos del tema con un grado de participación y con unas posibilidades analíticas muy prometedoras. De forma adicional, ha sido posible incluir nuevas perspectivas como el análisis de subgrupos o la relación con la estructura temporal de los contenidos trabajados.
optoPAD, a closed-loop optogenetics system to study the circuit basis of feeding behaviors
Authors: Moreira José-Maria , Itskov Pavel M , Goldschmidt Dennis , Baltazar Celia , Steck Kathrin , Tastekin Ibrahim , Walker Samuel J , Ribeiro Carlos
Published: June 2019

The regulation of feeding plays a key role in determining the fitness of animals through its impact on nutrition. Elucidating the circuit basis of feeding and related behaviors is an important goal in neuroscience. We recently used a system for closed-loop optogenetic manipulation of neurons contingent on the feeding behavior of Drosophila to dissect the impact of a specific subset of taste neurons on yeast feeding. Here, we describe the development and validation of this system, which we term the optoPAD. We use the optoPAD to induce appetitive and aversive effects on feeding by activating or inhibiting gustatory neurons in closed-loop – effectively creating virtual taste realities. The use of optogenetics allowed us to vary the dynamics and probability of stimulation in single flies and assess the impact on feeding behavior quantitatively and with high throughput. These data demonstrate that the optoPAD is a powerful tool to dissect the circuit basis of feeding behavior, allowing the efficient implementation of sophisticated behavioral paradigms to study the mechanistic basis of animals’ adaptation to dynamic environments.
Characterization of Bacteriophage against Enterococcus faecium Resistant to Vancomycin Isolated from Chicken Skin
Authors: Azlan Hazzierah Syaffieqah An Nadiah , Hamid Muhajir , Song Adelene Ai-Lian
Published: June 2019

Aims: To characterize bacteriophages with strong in vitro lytic activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium before testing on the chicken skin for their efficacy.

Study Design: An experimental was carried out to characterize two isolated bacteriophages against Enterococcus faecium and test for their efficacy on chicken skin.

Study Place: The study was carried out in Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institue of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia in Selangor, which is the most populous state in Malaysia.

Methodology: Two host specific lytic phages against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium strain FM8, designated as FM8-P1 and FM8-P2 were physiological characterized. This includes determination of their adsorption rate, multiplicity of infection, and single step growth kinetics. The optimum pH and temperature for both bacteriophages activity were also determined before tested on chicken skin at 4°C and 25°C, which represent chiller and room temperature in poultry production line.

Results: Based on the result of single-step growth kinetics, the latent period of FM8-P1 was 35 min with a burst size of 460 particles per infected cells, while FM8-P2 has a shorter latent period (20 min) but a smaller burst size of 60 particles. The highest adsorption rate for FM8-P1 was 83% and FM8-P2 was 90% at 2 min and 4 min respectively. Both bacteriophages also exihibited a wide range of pH and temperature for their activity.

Conclusion: The specificity, lytic activity and stability of FM8-P1 and FM8-P2 emphasized their potential in effectively eliminating the vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium strain FM8. However, further works are required to validate their in situ reliability.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: The Pathophysiolgy, Mechanisms, Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Directions
Authors: Umezurike Benedict C. , Akhimien Moses Obeimen , Udeala Okechukwu , Green Uzoamaka G. , Okpechi-Agbo Ugonma , Ohaeri Maureen U.
Published: June 2019

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial chronic optic neuropathy, characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), leading to structural damage to the optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), with  visual field defects. It is occasioned by major risk factors of high intraocular pressure (IOP) and age. The pathogenesis of POAG is the imbalance between the production and drainage of the aqueous humour (AH). The resultant fluid back-up increases the IOP with consequent optic nerve damage, causing POAG. Modern diagnosis, using scanning laser polarimetry (SLP), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT) etc, plays a vital role in the assessment of the ONH, RNFL and the macular, in POAG. OCT operates on the principles of interferometery, utilizing light beams and their pattern of back-scattering, to build high resolution cross-sectional images of ocular tissues. It gives an objective evaluation of structural alterations in the ONH or macular area of the retina in vivo. POAG is managed medically using classes of drugs like α-adrenergic agonists, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, prostaglandin agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ccholinergic agonists etc. Surgical intervention is indicated with laser or incisional surgeries, when medical option fails. Future pharmacotherapeutic directions in POAG management consider transgenic model, genetic model, neuroregeneration (stem cell technique), neurodegeneration (Seeing glaucoma as a neurologic disorder much like in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and the mechanisms that cause the degeneration of RGCs), autoimmune response and T-cell autoimmune response attack.
Reducing agate dust exposure in Khambhat, India: Protective practices, barriers, and opportunities
Authors: Falk Lindsey , Bozek Paul , Ceolin Lissa , Levitsky Marianne , Malik Om , Patel Jagdish , Sobers Mercedes , Cole Donald C
Published: June 2019

Aims

Agate workers in Khambhat, India and their community members are exposed to high levels of silica dust and related diseases. Use of effective prevention practices remains low, prompting the need for effective interventions which increase the uptake of and investment in prevention practices. We sought: (a) to describe knowledge, self-efficacy, and practices among a population of workers, their family members, and neighbors involved in or located close to agate processing; and (b) to explore which factors are related to use of prevention practices and willingness to invest in new dust control technologies.

Methods

A community survey was conducted to measure demographics, occupation and financial factors, knowledge, prevention practices, barriers, risk perceptions, and efficacy beliefs. Descriptive statistics were used and, among agate workers, hierarchical logistic regression explored predictors of prevention practice use and willingness to invest.

Results

Among 1120 respondents, approximately 44%, 35%, and 8% of workers, family members, and neighbors used prevention practices, respectively. Knowledge and risk perceptions were generally high, where efficacy beliefs were low. Workers who had high levels of education, worked at home, and had high efficacy beliefs were more likely to report using prevention practices and being willing to invest. Barriers to prevention practice use included financial barriers, and beliefs that prevention is ineffective and health is not at risk.

Conclusions

Interventions and future research should be designed to engage the community to improve preventive behavior, and implement affordable and effective dust control interventions in the agate industry.
DMF as Methine Source: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Annulation of Hydrazides to 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Wang Shoucai , Wang Kai , Kong Xiangfei , Zhang Shuhua , Jiang Guangbin , Ji Fanghua
Published: June 2019

An unprecedented Cu‐catalyzed direct annulation of hydrazides with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) was developed, providing an efficient synthesis of valuable 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles. This process features the short reaction time and can be safely conducted on gram scale. The reaction also facilitated the convenient synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐ones. Moreover, the mechanistic studies suggest that the source of CH is from the N‐methyl group of DMF.

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Metallosupramolecular Architectures of Ambivergent Bis(Amino Acid) Biphenyldiimides
Authors: Boer Stephanie A. , Turner David R.
Published: June 2019

The metallosupramolecular chemistry of two enantiopure dicarboxylate ligands has been explored for their potential to form discrete or polymeric interlocked motifs. Consequently, both discrete and polymeric supramolecular complexes have been synthesised, yielding M2L2 metallomacrocycles (1 and 2), a heteroleptic M2L3 metallomacrobicycle (3), a non‐interpenetrated coordination polymer (4), and highly unusual chiral M8L8 squares (5 and 6). There appears to be a preference for the ligands to form M2L2‐type metallomacrocyclic structural units (which feature in 1–4), although these do not engage in any mechanical interlocking, which is perhaps a combined function of the ligand flexibility and relatively small pi‐surface contrasted to previous analogues. Using copper paddlewheel SBUs, chiral double‐walled squares (5 and 6) are formed with large internal cavities yet poor stabilities, unexpectedly featuring the paddlewheel motifs at the vertices of the polygonal complex.
P2X receptors mediated abnormal interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons in visceral pathological changes
Authors: Wang Zilin , Li Lin , Yang Runan , Xu Xiumei , Liang Shangdong
Published: June 2019

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐gated P2X receptor cation channel family consists of permeable ligand‐gated ion channels that expand on the binding of extracellular adenosine 5’‐ATP. ATP‐gated P2X receptors are trimer ion channels that assemble homo or isomer from seven cloned subunits. P2X receptors are discovered mostly in mammalian and are being found in an increasing number of non‐vertebrates, such as zebrafish, bullfrog, and ameba. P2X receptors are involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of heart rhythm and contractility, and regulation of pain, especially chronic pain and glia integration. This review summarizes the current studies on the regulation of P2X receptors in abnormal neuronal‐glial interaction and the pathological changes in viscera, especially in myocardial ischemia.
Nano‐Micro‐Structured Nickel‐Cobalt Hydroxide/Ni2P2O7 Assembly on Nickel Foam: An Outstanding Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Bagal Indrajit V. , Ryu Sang‐Wan , Han Young‐Kyu , Kim Do‐Heyoung
Published: June 2019

The design and development of materials for the efficient electrochemical evolution of oxygen from hydroxyl ions in alkaline media is of prime importance for reducing energy losses in water‐alkaline electrolytes. In this Communication, we report non‐noble nano‐micro‐structured Ni2P2O7 microsheets decorated with nickel‐cobalt hydroxide (Ni−Co‐hydroxide) nanoflakes for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Remarkably, the nano‐micro‐assembled Ni−Co‐hydroxide/Ni2P2O7 structured electrode exhibits superior catalytic activity towards the OER with a relatively low overpotential of 197 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 M KOH, coupled with excellent long‐term stability (12 h). The outstanding OER activity resulted from the nano‐micro structure of the prepared electrode with excellent redox activity in an alkaline electrolyte.
Secukinumab Treatment Does Not Alter the Pharmacokinetics of the Cytochrome P450 3A4 Substrate Midazolam in Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
Authors: Bruin Gerard , Hasselberg Anke , Koroleva Irina , Milojevic Julie , Calonder Claudio , Soon Rachel , Woessner Ralph , Pariser David M. , Boutouyrie‐Dumont Bruno
Published: June 2019

This open‐label disease‐drug–drug interaction study assessed whether blockade of the interleukin (IL)‐17A pathway by secukinumab and subsequent downregulation of inflammatory cytokines like IL‐6 or high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein affects the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of a sensitive probe substrate of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform (CYP3A4). The PKs of midazolam, metabolized by CYP3A4, was evaluated before and after 7 and 35 days of treatment initiation of subcutaneous secukinumab at a dose of 300 mg weekly in 24 patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Although demonstrating the expected decrease in downstream inflammatory cytokines, secukinumab had no clinically relevant effects on the PKs of midazolam, provided substantial clinical benefit, and was generally well tolerated. In summary, blockade of IL‐17A signaling in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis does not significantly affect CYP3A4 enzyme activities and, therefore, the use of secukinumab is unlikely to influence the PKs of CYP3A4 substrates.
SEM/FIB Imaging for Studying Neural Interfaces
Authors: Henn Itai , Atkins Ayelet , Markus Amos , Shpun Gal , Barad Hannah‐Noa , Farah Nairouz , Mandel Yossi
Published: June 2019

Tissue and neural engineering for various regenerative therapies are rapidly growing fields. Of major interest is studying the complex interface between cells and various 3D structures by scanning electron microscopy with focused ion beam. Notwithstanding its unrivaled resolution, the optimal fixation, dehydration, and staining protocols of the samples while preserving the complex cell interface in its natural form, are highly challenging. The aim of this work was to compare and optimize staining and sample drying procedures in order to preserve the cells in their “life‐like state” for studying the cell interface with either 3D well‐like structures or gold‐coated mushroom‐shaped electrodes. The process involved chemical fixation using a combination of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, followed by gentle drying techniques in which we compared four methods: (critical point drying, hexamethyldisiloxane, repeats of osmium tetroxide–thiocarbohydrazide [OTOTO], and resin) in order to determine the method that best preserves the cell and cell interface morphology. Finally, to visualize the intracellular organelles and membrane, we compared the efficacy of four staining techniques: osmium tetroxide, osmium tetroxide and salts, osmium and uranyl acetate, and OTOTO. Experiments were performed on embryonic stem cell‐derived photoreceptor precursors, neural cells, and a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, which revealed that the optimal processing combination was resin drying and OTOTO staining, as manifested by preservation of cell morphology, the lowest percentage of cellular protrusion breakage as well as a high‐quality image. The obtained results pave the way for better understanding the cell interface with various structures for enhancing various biomedical applications.
Good neighbors aplenty: fungal endophytes rarely exhibit competitive exclusion patterns across a span of woody habitats
Authors: Lee Marissa R. , Powell Jeff R. , Oberle Brad , Cornwell William K. , Lyons Mitchell , Rigg Jessica L. , Zanne Amy E.
Published: June 2019

Environmental forces and biotic interactions, both positive and negative, structure ecological communities, but their relative roles remain obscure despite strong theory. For instance, ecologically similar species, based on the principle of limiting similarity, are expected to be most competitive and show negative interactions. Specious communities that assemble along broad environmental gradients afford the most power to test theory, but the communities often are difficult to quantify. Microbes, specifically fungal endophytes of wood, are especially suited for testing community assembly theory because they are relatively easy to sample across a comprehensive range of environmental space with clear axes of variation. Moreover, endophytes mediate key forest carbon cycle processes, and although saprophytic fungi from dead wood typically compete, endophytic fungi in living wood may enhance success through cooperative symbioses. To classify interactions within endophyte communities, we analyzed fungal DNA barcode variation across 22 woody plant species growing in woodlands near Richmond, New South Wales, Australia. We estimated the response of endophytes to the measured wood environment (i.e., 11 anatomical and chemical wood traits) and each other using latent‐variable models and identified recurrent communities across wood environments using model‐based classification. We used this information to evaluate whether (1) co‐occurrence patterns are consistent with strong competitive exclusion, and (2) a priori classifications by trophic mode and phylum distinguish taxa that are more likely to have positive vs. negative associations under the principle of limiting similarity. Fungal endophytes were diverse (mean = 140 taxa/sample), with differences in community composition structured by wood traits. Variation in wood water content and carbon concentration were associated with especially large community shifts. Surprisingly, after accounting for wood traits, fungal species were still more than three times more likely to have positive than negative co‐occurrence patterns. That is, patterns consistent with strong competitive exclusion were rare, and positive interactions among fungal endophytes were more common than expected. Confirming the frequency of positive vs. negative interactions among fungal taxa requires experimental tests, and our findings establish clear paths for further study. Evidence to date intriguingly suggests that, across a wide range of wood traits, cooperation may outweigh combat for these fungi.
Carbon Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Prospects and Future Challenges
Authors: Ferguson Victoria , Silva S. Ravi P. , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2019

Metal halide perovskite solar cells are emerging candidates for next‐generation thin‐film photovoltaic devices with the potential for extremely low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency. Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated a rapid development in device performance over the last decade, from an initial 3.81% to a most recently certified 24.2%, though the challenges of long‐term stability and lead toxicity still remain. Carbon materials, ranging from zero‐dimensional carbon quantum dots to three‐dimensional carbon black materials, are promising candidates for the enhancement of both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, offering unique advantages for incorporation into various device architectures. In this review article, we present a concise overview of important and exciting advancements of perovskite solar cells that incorporate different dimensions of carbon material in their device architectures in an effort to simultaneously improve device performance and long‐term stability. We also discuss the major advantages and potential challenges of each technique that has been developed in the most recent work. Finally, we outline the future opportunities toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells utilizing carbon materials.
Possible role of SCN4A skeletal muscle mutation in apnea during seizure
Authors: Türkdoğan Dilşad , Matthews Emma , Usluer Sunay , Gündoğdu Aslı , Uluç Kayıhan , Mannikko Roope , Hanna Michael G. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Çağlayan Hande S.
Published: June 2019

SCN4A gene mutations cause a number of neuromuscular phenotypes including myotonia. A subset of infants with myotonia‐causing mutations experience severe life‐threatening episodic laryngospasm with apnea. We have recently identified similar SCN4A mutations in association with sudden infant death syndrome. Laryngospasm has also been proposed as a contributory mechanism to some cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We report an infant with EEG‐confirmed seizures and recurrent apneas. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a known pathogenic mutation in the SCN4A gene that has been reported in several unrelated families with myotonic disorder. We propose that the SCN4A mutation contributed to the apneas in our case, irrespective of the underlying cause of the epilepsy. We suggest this supports the notion that laryngospasm may contribute to some cases of SUDEP, and implicates a possible shared mechanism between a proportion of sudden infant deaths and sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy.