bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Speed Measurement of Steam Turbine Shaft
Authors: Dai Shu Jian , He Cheng Bing , Wang Tian Xiao
Published: December 2011

Speed signal is an important monitoring signal in Steam Turbine Condition Monitoring And Fault Diagnosis(TDM) system. A review on the existing speed measurement methods of rotary machine was proposed to find out the defects of each method. A new approach was introduced to fulfill steam turbine speed accurate measuring. The periods of phase signal pulse generated by the key groove and speed signal pulse generated by the velocimetry gear, were measured respectively by the two independent 16-bit timer/counters, and the "counter overflow" problem was resolved by calling a byte memory unit. According to the record number of the counter, the value of steam turbine speed was calculated accurately. The method of steam turbine speed measurement proposed in this paper can not only simplify the structure of a TDM system, but also reduce its cost.
Configuration Analysis of Supercavitating Vehicles Based on Equivalent Pressure Center Method
Authors: Lin Ming Dong , Ma Zhen Yu , Zhang Wei Hua , Xiang Min
Published: December 2011

Based on a detailed modeling of supercavitating flight, the Equivalent Pressure Center (EPC) method is proposed in this paper. To validating the proposed method, both of EPC and integrated moment, which are highly concerned during configuration design process for supercavitating motion, are studied for different configuration parameters including aspect ratio, fin position and cavitator size of the body. As the relative pitch angle between cavity and the vehicle would change with flight status, well designed vehicle configurations could produce better stability and maneuverability performances by locating the EPC close to the mass center. With detailed analysis of the EPC result, some of the propositional results for configuration parameters of supercavitating vehicles are given.
On Edge-Balance Index Sets of the Graph Cn×Pb(n=0,1,2mod6)
Authors: Ji Yu Rong , Zhang Ying Fang , Zheng Yu Ge
Published: December 2011

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let Z2=(0,1) For a given binary edge labeling f:E(G)→Z2,the edge labeling f induces a partial vertex labeling f*:V(G)→Z2 such that f*(v)=1(0) iff the number of 1-edges (0-edges) is strictly greater than the number of 0-edges (1-edges) incident to , otherwise f*(v) is undefined. For i∈Z2, let v(i)=card(e∈V(G):f*(v)=i) and e(i)=card(e∈E(G):f(e)=i). The edge-balance index sets of a graph G,EBI(G), is defined as {|v(0)-v(1): the edge labeling f satisfies } . In this paper, we completely determine the edge-balance index |e(0)-e(1)|≤1 sets of the graph Cn×Pb(n=0,1,2 mod 6)
Controlling the Ethernet and Moore's Law with Flete
Authors: Lv Hui
Published: December 2011

In recent years, much research has been devoted to the simulation of interrupts; unfortunately, few have analyzed the investigation of Smalltalk. After years of research, we prove the confirmed unification of suffix trees and robots. In this paper we motivate new robust information (Flete), which we use to confirm that multicast methodologies and Boolean logic are always incompatible.
Research on Traction Characteristics Model of High-Powered Tractor
Authors: Mao Peng Jun , Gao Wen Jie , Li Shui Liang , Hu Chun Yan , Zhang Fu
Published: December 2011

Through an analysis of tractor traction balance, a mathematical model which can easily calculate the traction force and efficiency of tractors under different operating conditions was built up, this model offers a basis for tractor-implement matching. Bases on above analyses, the best efficiency rating value was deduced and the traction characteristic curve was also plotted, this study provides a theoretical basis for tractor traction characteristic research.
Analytical Investigation of Radiation Characteristic for Radio Frequencies Magnetic Flux Compression Generator
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Han Ying Chao , Qiu Jing Hui
Published: December 2011

Radio frequencies magnetic flux compression generator is capable of producing and radiating ultra high power electromagnetic pulse by compressing magnetic field. As a maneuverable device, radio frequencies magnetic flux compression generator design has been developed and tested, it has been found widespread use in many fields. The radio performance is one of the most important parameters for radio frequencies magnetic flux compression generator. In this paper, the output current and voltage is given based on equivalent circuit model. In a bid to deliberate the radiation characteristic particularly, ring armature is equivalent to loop antenna in the light of electrically small loop antenna theory. The output voltage is used to feed antenna. Through analysis, the values of radiation strengths around radio frequencies magnetic flux compression generator 10 meters 50 meters 100 meters away are given. On the basis of the above analysis and discussion, the radiation characteristic for RF MFCG could be comprehended precisely.
The Underground Mobile Intelligent Information Terminal System Based on WIFI
Authors: Zhao Wen Tao , Hu Rui
Published: December 2011

The implementation of WIFI technology in underground mobile intelligent information terminal system(UMIITS) was studied in this paper. Because of using Mine Information Service Center as the core and handheld intelligent terminal as the platform, this system can realize the query and feedback of the mine production and safety information. Miner's position and navigation, the level of production informatization would be improved with it.
Design of Remote Power Quality Monitoring System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Zhu Geng Hui , Wang Jiao Xia
Published: December 2011

The monitoring of power quality is the foundation and prerequisite of its improvement. There are a lot of disadvantages in the conventional method of power quality monitoring, the adoption of the virtual instrument and network technology can overcome these disadvantages very well. Remote power quality monitoring system based on LabVIEW was put forward, as well as the way of the combination of software and hardware and the realization procedure is illustrated in detail in this paper. Then the merits of this way are mentioned, and the additional functions that can be further developed. This paper provides a more convenient way for the realization of remote power quality monitoring
Design of the 16-bit ADC Using FPGA
Authors: Sun Jiang Feng , Xu Xiu Zhen
Published: December 2011

There are many kinds of ADC chips which are analog or analog-digital mixed at home and abroad. It can not be integrated into a pure digital chip, in this paper, a way to realize quasi-digital 16- bit ADC based on stochastic logic was given. Except few analog elements, all are digital circuits. The paper describes the design principle and presents the simulation and hardware test results based on FPGA chips produced by Altera show that the shortest conversion time can reach 0.8ms. The hardware test shows that the design is successful.
Micro Palm and Kenaf Fibers Reinforced PLA Composite: Effect of Volume Fraction on Tensile Strength
Authors: Neoh K.W. , Tshai Kim Yeow , Khiew P.S. , Chia Chin Hua
Published: December 2011

Extensive environmental concern associated with the disposal of solid plastic wastes has stirred tremendous interest in the production and use of sustainable biodegradable polymers. Among the vast variety of available materials, Polylactic Acid (PLA) standout as the most commercially viable mass produced resin to date. However, its low thermal and mechanical stability, excessive brittleness, and relatively higher cost have led to numerous research efforts in producing biodegradable polymer composite filled with natural organic fibers. This paper describes the preparation and the mechanical characteristics of a compression molded biodegradable composite made entirely of renewable raw materials. The composites were reinforced with pulverized palm, kenaf and alkali (1M NaOH:fiber in ratio 2:1) treated kenaf fibers, at a fiber mass proportion of 20 to 60% blended PLA and processed in a custom-built compression mold. SEM microscan revealed that the kenaf fiber has a mean diameter of 40μm, length 1236.6μm, and aspect ratio of 31 while the measured values for palm fiber was 58.7μm, 1041.2μm, and 17.7, respectively. All resulting composites showed significant enhancement in tensile strength. At 20, 40 and 60% fiber loading, the palm/PLA composite recorded tensile strength increment of 46.9, 47.8 and 36.6%, respectively. For the kenaf/PLA composite, greatest improvement was achieved at 40% fiber loading with alkali treated kenaf, with approximately 54% higher than the neat PLA while only 12.6% was recorded for the non-treated kenaf/PLA composite, signifying that the surface modification greatly improved fiber-matrix adhesion. SEM observations on the fracture surface showed similar findings. Compared to commercially available palm/Polypropylene (palm/PP) composite at 50% fiber loading, our measured tensile strength for the PLA composite loaded with 40% alkali treated kenaf fiber was still about 20% lower. Further enhancement in the mechanical characteristic of the kenaf/PLA composite is required to push for its wider utilization in the polymer industry.
Enhancement of Coupling Efficiency of Butterfly Package Laser Modules Based on Post-Weld-Shift Compensation
Authors: Kuang Jao Hwa , Hung Tsung Pin , Chiou Shian Huan , Hsu Chao Ming
Published: December 2011

When fabricating laser diode transceiver modules, the coupling efficiency can be improved via a laser hammering process, in which additional, calculated spot welds are performed at key locations within the package in order to compensate for post-weld shift. The present study performs a numerical investigation into the post-weld-shift compensation of a butterfly laser module package incorporating a lensed optical fiber and a laser diode with a central wavelength of 980 nm. In performing the simulations, the deformation of the package components during the welding process is modeled using Marc finite element software. Furthermore, the laser power coupling efficiency is estimated using the commercial Zemax optical design program. It is shown that the numerical predictions for the coupling power in the laser diode transceiver module are in good agreement with the experimental results. The optimal welding sequence which minimizes the post-weld shift of the optical fiber relative to the laser diode is determined. It is shown that the corresponding coupling efficiency is equal to 69%. Finally, it is shown that by performing an optimized laser hammering process, the coupling efficiency can be improved to around 99%.
Computational Mass Transfer Based on CFD with OpenFOAM in Single-Phase Flow
Authors: Yang Xiao Guang , Dong Hong Xing , Zhang Xing Hua
Published: December 2011

In this work computational mass transfer was investigated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in single-phase flow with the open-source software, OpenFOAM. OpenFOAM supplied a kind of open structure, which made it convenient that a suitable physical model was added with CFD equations according to the problem. In order to compute mass transfer with fluid flow, the component conservation equation was listed with Navier-Stokes equations. With the equations, a pipe flow with mass transfer was simulated on the assumption that the fluid density is constant by our solver which was developed based on OpenFOAM. By the simulation, the pressure, velocity and component mass fraction can be easily obtained at different time and position, which is very important for the analysis of equipments in chemical engineering. Although some details need to be considered such as the change of density with composition, the boundary conditions and the affect of complex shape, computational mass transfer with OpenFOAM has showed very large potential to be applied in industry.
The Effects of Predictor Variables and Interval Partition on Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Wong Hsien Lun , Wang Chi Chen , Shen Tsung Yi
Published: December 2011

Fuzzy time series methods have been applied to social forecasting for over a decade; however, little research has been done to discuss the decision of an optimal fuzzy model for time series. In the paper, we evaluate the forecasting performance of three listed multivariate fuzzy models by comparing forecasting MSE of model. The data obtained from AEROM, Taiwan, includes Taiwan’s exports and foreign exchange rate for models’ test. The algorithm for predictive value of the models has three-stage computation procedure: First, calibrating time series correlation, deciding window base and interval partition; second, solving the static forecasting value of each model; third, comparing the dynamic parameter to impact of the forecasting error. The empirical results indicate that increasing predictor variables has no significant effect on predictive performance of the models; increasing length of interval would not improve the prediction performance of the models. Moreover, Fuzzy model is better for short-term time series forecasting. For forecasting purpose, Heuristic model has best forecasting performance among three fuzzy models. The findings of the paper represent a significant contribution to our understanding of the applicability of fuzzy models to predict.
Service Level Approximations for a Call Center with Two Customer Types
Authors: Kim Ju Young , Choi Ki Seok
Published: December 2011

We consider a call center whose customers can be classified into two types depending on their tendency towards waiting in the queue. A customer of type A waits in the queue, if necessary, until he gets served. On the other hand, a type B customer is assumed to be impatient and he does not join the queue and leaves the call center immediately if there is no server available. There are well known formulas for calculating the service levels when a call center serves only one customer type; Erlang delay formula and Erlang loss formula for type A and type B customers, respectively. Hence, there is no such simple analytic result for computing service levels when a call center handles both customer types together. In this paper we suggest and compare several approximation methods to calculate type A and B customer service levels for a call center serving both customer types. Numerical experiments show that one of the methods suggested in this paper approximates closely the actual service level especially when the call center provides high level of service
Experimental Inspection of Cutting Blades Clearance of only Cut One Layer of Multi-Layer Thin Film
Authors: Shaw Dein , Zeng Bo Han , Kuo Chuan Yi
Published: December 2011

A knife blade cutting experiment was performed to study the effect of clearance between two knife blades on cutting only one layer of a multi-layer thin film. The multi-layer thin films are made up of three major layers: a 0.1mm Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, a 25 ~ 50 μm elastic plastic layer, and a 0.18 mm paper layer. The clearance between two knife blades is controlled by a micro manual stage. The cutting parameters are the clearance of knife blades, the edge of knife blades, and cutting speed. The relationships between layers to be cut and clearance between knife blades are measured using specific knife blades and a constant cut speed. Using the experimental results, several criteria for cutting paper layer are critically assessed. Through assessment of the criteria, the paper layer alone is practicably removed from multi-layer thin film. This experiment successfully provided a method to cut a specific layer but other layers of multi-layer thin film at once.
An Approach to Tone Recognition of Mandarin Speech Based-On Two-Stage Model
Authors: Hsu Wei Chih , Sun Jung Nan , Wang Huai I
Published: December 2011

After inspecting the pitch contours of tone 1 of Mandarin speech, we found that the pitch contour of tone 1 consists of upward and downward line segments, while it is supposed that the contour of tone 1 is flat. Our study also found that tone 1 tends to be recognized as other three tones if the recognition algorithm used is based on the tone contour slope or shape. According to our experiments, we conclude that the recognition rate of the tones would be improved if two stage tone recognition scheme is conducted. At the first stage, tone one is recognized out and then the other three tones are identified at the second stage. The fundamental frequencies of input Mandarin speech of tone 1 are first retrieved from the training data and then a threshold value relating to standard deviation of fundamental frequencies is determined. In the first recognition stage, if the statistic standard deviation of fundamental frequencies is less than the determined threshold, the Mandarin speech is recognized as tone one. The input Mandarin speech which is not classified as tone 1 are the recognition targets of the second recognition stage. In the second stage, a so-called linear gradient analysis is conducted, and the tones are identified according to the derived positive or negative linear gradients. Our proposed recognition method is superior to traditional methods of Mandarin tone recognition in terms of effectiveness and recognition rate. Some experiments to prove the necessity of conducting two recognition stages will be described in detail.
Using Classification and Regression Tree in Forecasting Injury Severity of Intoxicated Driving Cases in Taiwan
Authors: Kou Kuang Yang , Wei Jo Ting , Wu Hsin Hung , Liu Yu Huei
Published: December 2011

Accidents and adverse effects was the sixth leading cause of death in Taiwan in 2008 provided by Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. Based on Statistics of Police Administration released by National Police Agency, Ministry of Interior, Taiwan, the case of intoxicated driving accidents accounts for more than 19% in fatal traffic accidents from 2006 to 2009. Moreover, the cause in intoxicated driving accidents ranks first among thirteen causes. As a result, intoxicated driving accident is one of the critical reasons to cause death and often results in serious casualties.
A Novel Remote Health Monitor with Replaceable Non-Fragile Bio-Probes on RFID Tag
Authors: Lin Jium Ming , Chang Po Kuang
Published: December 2011

Conventional bio-probes are produced on a silicon substrate, they are not only fragile but unable to dispose according to the profile of human body in a large area manner, and thus the contact resistance between probe and skin may be increased. Besides, the signal processing devices are required to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching problems. This paper proposes a novel remote human health monitor and an active RFID tag with replaceable non-frangible probes and thin-film-transistor (TFT) amplifiers. The probes are made of bio-degradable polymer (photo resist) and covered with bio-compatible TiN. In addition, we use two pieces of double sides conducting tapes to connect both TFT amplifiers and probe modules. Thus the probe module can be replaced easily by peeling the used probe module away from the double sides conducting tapes to supply a new one. Since the tag is a flexible plastic substrate, e, g. PT, PET and PI, so the probes are easier to deploy and conform to the human body profile. In addition, the signal can be amplified by the TFT amplifier nearby to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching. Thus the human health conditions can be remotely monitored by measuring various acupuncture impedances via the active RFID tag. The active RFID monitoring range is 15m by using 2.45 GHz ISM band, the probe resistance and parasitic capacitance are as 2735 Ω and 60.7 pf, respectively. Since the typical human acupuncture point resistance is about 40-120KΩ, thus the proposed device and system can be applied.
Reservoir Drought Prediction Using Support Vector Machines
Authors: Chiang Jie Lun , Tsai Yu Shiue
Published: December 2011

In Taiwan, even though the average annual rainfall is up to 2500 mm, water shortage during the dry season happens sometimes. Especially in recent years, water shortage has seriously affected the agriculture, industry, commerce, and even the essential daily water use. Under the threat of climate change in the future, efficient use of water resources becomes even more challenging. For a comparative study, support vector machine (SVM) and other three models (artificial neural networks, maximum likelihood classifier, Bayesian classifier) were established to predict reservoir drought status in next 10-90 days in Tsengwen Reservoir. (The ten-days time interval was applied in this study as it is the conventional time unit for reservoir operation.) Four features (which are easily obtainable in most reservoir offices), including reservoir storage capacity, inflows, critical limit of operation rule curves, and the number of ten-days in a year, were used as input data to predict drought. The records of years from 1975 to 1999 were selected as training data, and those of years from 2000 to 2010 were selected as testing data. The empirical results showed that SVM outperforms the other three approaches for drought prediction. Unsurprisingly the longer the prediction time period is, the lower the prediction accuracy is. However, the accuracy of predicting next 50 days is about 85% both in training and testing data set by SVM. As a result, we believe that the SVM model has high potential for predicting reservoir drought due to its high prediction accuracy and simple input data.
Using Restricted Natural Language for Geometric Construction
Authors: Liu Qing Tang , Huang Huan , Wu Lin Jing
Published: December 2011

Human-Computer Interaction is crucial for Instructional Software. It is significant to make Geometry Instructional Software understand geometric proposition described by natural language and construct geometric figure automatically. However, it is difficult for computer to accurately understand the flexible and variable geometric proposition because of the immaturity of Natural Language Processing Technology. This paper defines a restricted geometric proposition, presents a corresponding comprehension model based on ontology, and designs a matching algorithm for geometric relation pattern, finally transforms the restricted geometric proposition to geometric construction command sequence. The experiment results suggest that the average accuracy of understanding clauses of geometric proposition is almost to 88.9%, and the percentage of constructing correct geometric figure is to 82.5%.
The Influence of Global Economic Crisis towards the Financial Performance of the Shipping Industry
Authors: Hung Ching Tsung , Chuang Fei Ching
Published: December 2011

In recent years, due to the influence of global economic cycle and container ship size became larger, the shipping industry has encountered with many competitions and crisis. Especially in 2008, as the global economic crisis have caused major change in the micro-environment; it has influenced on difficulties of business expansion of the shipping industry, and then further extended to the profitability. However, there were differences on the management policy of the various corporations in the shipping industry, which the purpose of this study was to explore that whether there were significant changes on the financial performance indexes of these corporations in the pre and post of the global economic crisis. This study further seeks on whether the economic crisis would create significant differences on the profitability and financial structure ratio of the shipping industry. The object of study was on the shipping corporations that were stock market listed in Taiwan, which there were total of nine corporations. To explain the financial performance of the shipping industry, this study would select multi financial ratio as initial indexes, and divide into five aspects of Profitability, Asset Turnover Ability, Short-Term Repayment Ability, Stability, and Cash Utilization Ability. Among the financial performance that was established in this study, the main analysis has shown that corporations were mostly concern with their profitability in their financial performance. Other than that, under the global economic crisis, the shipping industry has increased their short-term repayment ability in order to respond with the reduction problem of the global trade.
A Data Transmission Model Based on Context-Aware for Rich Internet Application
Authors: Chen Guo Dong , Wang Na
Published: December 2011

For Rich Internet applications needs to transfer a large amount of data which cause slow response, the paper studies a data transmission model based on context-aware. By sensing the users' browsing history and current behavior, the system can automatically predict the data needs for the next step, and make full use of the network idle time during the process of users' interaction to transfer data, so as to improve system responsiveness. The experimental results show that the data transmission model can greatly reduces users' waiting time, especially in more complex scenarios, the effect is more significant.
Etching Method of the Fabrication Optical Tapered Fiber and its Formula
Authors: Huang Yan Tang , Wang Xiao Hua , Bao Ri Yan
Published: December 2011

Optical tapered fiber is one of the most high efficiency evanescent wave coupler for coupling light into and out the optical microcavity. We fabricated the tapered fiber with etching method in a designed groove with HF solution. This method was low cost, readily, and controllable. An etching groove had an oval in the middle and small V-shape towards both sides. HF solution was injected into the oval groove, while the deioned water was injected into the two V-grooves. Because of the solution diffusion, the etching rate was fast in the mid and decreased gradually towards both sides,the tapered fiber was fabricated. The optical power meter was monitoring the fiber transmission during the etching process. The transmission of the tapered fiber was 98%. We proposed a mathematics model to depict the etching process, containing the relationship between the diameter of tapered fiber and the concentration of the HF solution, the etching time, humidity, temperature. We supervised the optical intensity to deduce the tapered fiber diameter. Surface morphology with AFM was detected, the roughness of the tapered fiber surface is less than 1nm. As an evanescent coupler, we used the tapered fiber to transmit 980nm pump laser to couple to Er3+doped microsphere to stimulate 1557nm laser.
KINECT with FLASH ActionScript 3.0 Applications in Interactive Design
Authors: Fan Kuo Kuang , Lin Ko Jung
Published: December 2011

While image recognition, image detection and tracking technology have been developing for several years the application of the game-based interaction just began to emerge recently. Since the Nintendo WII game console appearred on the market, the somatosensory remote method has greatly changed the way of interaction between people and game. Then, with the boom of somatosensory, other single-user game consoles also introduced new somatosensory-supportable kits for their own system but the mode of operatiom does not change much. Most of them follow the WII’s operating mode, they still have to use the hand-held joystick or pressure-sensitive foot pedal to play the game. When Microsoft’s Kinect released, it completely free users from these somatosensory devices, these game controllers no longer need to be bound with users’ hands and feet, the game operation has entered a new era. However, now Kinect can only be used in Microsoft’s XBOX and XBOX 360 game console. Microsoft has not released its official PC-connectable Kinect driver and operating kits yet, but nowadays, online informatiion accepts no limits, third-party has provided varieties of PC-linking drivers and their operating API, making applications of Kinect no longer confined to XBOX and XBOX360 game console, etc., they can even be combined with Flash ActionScript 3.0. Therefore, one can easily create interactive modes of games by using image recognitipn techniques, and Kinect can also solve the image detect defcts of using WebCam. This study will produce an experiment of “an interactive small aircraft” by using Kinect with Flash to learn more about the advantages of Kinect in using Flash as well as its possible shortcomings, as the reference for the future development of interactive design using Kinect.
Detection of Gait Event and Supporting Leg during Overground Walking with Mediolateral Swing Angle
Authors: Kim Je Nam , Ryu Mun Ho , Yang Yoon Seok , Kim Seong Hyun
Published: December 2011

Walking is one of the basic human activities. Several well-defined, motion tracking systems have been used for gait analysis. However, these systems such as the optical motion tracking system are very expensive and limited to laboratory usage. Recently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based inertial sensors have made it possible to overcome these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to identify gait events and the supporting leg by measuring the mediolateral swing angle. An inertial sensor unit with a 3-axis accelerometer and 2-axis gyroscope was attached to the subject’s lower trunk using an elastic band. Five, healthy and young (20–29 yrs.) subjects participated in this experiment. Each walked twice along a straight, 25-m path at three different speeds. During each trial, the sensor transmitted signals to a PC via Bluetooth technology. In this study, gait events and the supporting leg were identified using the peak and sign of the mediolateral swing angle. The mediolateral swing angle was calculated using the integrated gyroscope signal. For comparison, a well-defined spatiotemporal gait analysis technique was also applied. In this reference method, the gait event was identified with the last peak of the vertical acceleration before the sign change from positive to negative. The supporting leg was identified using the sign of the mediolateral acceleration double integration. Identification of the supporting leg was difficult in the reference method because of the offset and gravity components in the mediolateral acceleration. However, the proposed method reported here, showed stable identification of gait events and the supporting leg. This study could be expanded to more detailed gait analysis with the additional fusion of a 3-axis acceleration, gyroscope and magnetometer.
Closed-Form Solution to the Noncoplanar P4P Problem for Uncalibrated Camera
Authors: Guo Yang
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a closed-form solution to determination of the position and orientation of a perspective camera with two unknown effective focal lengths for the noncoplanar perspective four point (P4P) problem. Given four noncoplanar 3D points and their correspondences in image coordinate, we convert perspective transformation to affine transformation, and formulate the problem using invariance to 3D affine transformation and arrive to a closed-form solution. We show how the noncoplanar P4P problem is cast into the problem of solving an eighth degree polynomial equation in one unknown. This result shows the noncoplanar P4P problem with two unknown effective focal lengths has at most 8 solutions. Last, we confirm the conclusion by an example. Although developed as part of landmark-guided navigation, the solution might well be used for landmark-based tracking problem, hand-eye coordination, and for fast determination of interior and exterior camera parameters. Because our method is based on closed-form solution, its speed makes it a potential candidate for solving above problems.
Adsorption Disciplinarian of Metal Ions on Collagen Fiber Immobilized Bayberry Tannin
Authors: Wang Ru , Zhang Zhen , Liu Hui Yun
Published: December 2011

Adsorption behavior disciplinarian of the immobilized tannins to metal ions was studied. Experiments showed that adsorption capacities of metal ions lied in ns grouse in the periodic table of elements were relatively low. For the metal ions lied in np grouse in the periodic table of elements, their adsorption capacity increased with the increasing in the radius of metal ions. Adsorption capacities of metal ions having low values in the first transition series in the periodic table of elements, such as Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II), were more lower than that of the metal ions having high values, such as Cr(VI), Mn(VII) and V(V). For the metal ions in the second, the third transition series and the actinide series, adsorption capacities were relatively higher than that of metal ions in lanthanide series.
Composite FeF3•3H2O/C Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Wu Chuan , Li Xiao Xiao , Wu Feng , Bai Ying , Chen Mi Zi , Zhong Yu
Published: December 2011

Composite FeF3•3H2O/C was prepared by mixing FeF3•3H2O with acetylene black through high-energy milling, and used as cathode material for Li-ion battery. The structure and the morphology of the as-prepared composite FeF3•3H2O/C were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When compared with FeF3•3H2O synthesized by a liquid-phase method, the composite FeF3•3H2O/C had no distinct difference in crystal structure, but shows that a well distributed particle size of 100~1000nm. The electrochemical performances of FeF3•3H2O/C composite were evaluated by charge-discharge test and cyclic voltammetery (CV). With a current density of 23.7mAg-1 in the voltage range of 2.0~4.5V at room temperature, the FeF3•3H2O/C composite achieved a maximum discharge capacity of 112 mAhg-1, as well as a good cycling performance.
Comparison on Effect of Alternating and Stationary Magnetic Field on the Conductivity of NaCl Solutions
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Nan , Chai Feng , Cheng Shu Kang
Published: December 2011

NaCl solutions of different concentrations were exposed to alternating and stationary magnetic fields. The conductivity change of the NaCl solutions was measured. The change of the conductivity of the NaCl solutions under different amplitudes magnetic fields was studied. The differences of effect between stationary and alternating magnetic field on the conductivity of the NaCl solutions was compared. The principle of the effects of magnetic fields on conductivity of NaCl solutions was discussed. The process of magnetic moment deflexion effected by the alternating magnetic field was analyzed, which explained the experimental results that the conductivity was increased more larger when then the NaCl solutions were exposing to alternating magnetic field than stationary magnetic field.
Study on Preparation and Mechanical Intensity of Nano-Mg(OH)2/Tussah Silk Fibroin Composite Membrane
Authors: Xu Xiao Xu
Published: December 2011

In this article, new tussah silk fibroin films with nano-Mg(OH)2were prepared. The composite films were characterized by SEM、DSC、TG、and IR. The experiment showed that the nano-Mg(OH)2particle was dispersed in the regenerated silk fibroin. DSC revealed that the Tmof the composite films was increased. TG showed stability of the composite films could be increased .The experiment of IR showed that these conclusions were right.
Synthesis of N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-Adamantyl Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide and Technology Development
Authors: Hu Jian , Yang Fang Wen , Huang Ming Gang
Published: December 2011

N,N-dimethyl-1-adamantane was synthesized from amantadine through Eschweiler-Clarke reaction, The optimal ratio of amantadine, formic acid and formaldehyde was 1:5:4, and the reaction time was 18 h at 98°C.The product yield was 93.4% on these conditions. N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl quaternary ammonium salt then was synthesized, the product yield was 90.5%, succeeding eco-friendly procedure technology was developed. N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide was obtained finally, target product yield was 84.3%.The structure of compounds were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, MS and GC-MS.
Effect of the Surface Morphology of Calcium Carbonate on the Impact Toughness of Polyamide 6/EPDM-M/CaCO3 Ternary Composites
Authors: Dong Yu Xin , Wang Yong Jie , Xu Xiao Peng , Chen Si , Shi Yan Qin , Wang Xu , Shen Jia Yuan , Xu Xiang Bin
Published: December 2011

Ternary composites of polyamide 6 (PA6), mixed with unmaleated ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber (named as EPDM-M) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3, with three different kinds of surface morphology) were prepared via two-step melt blending process. The influence of surface morphology of CaCO3 on the impact toughness of PA6/EPDM-M/CaCO3 was investigated. It was found that the Izod impact strength of the composites improved with increasing of the surface area of CaCO3. The characterization of CaCO3 by BET tester and scanning electron microscope (SEM) obviously showed that both needle-shaped CaCO3 and spherical CaCO3 were have a bigger specific surface area and rougher morphology than ground CaCO3. So they have a better toughen effect, which was well explained the results of impact test. Morphology observed on the impact fracture revealed that the formation of voids by the debonding of CaCO3, which could trigger the matrix emerged obvious plastic deformation in the composites that included needle-shaped CaCO3 or spherical CaCO3. This phenomenon also can be demonstrated that needle-shaped CaCO3 and spherical CaCO3 had superior toughen effective. Consequently, the surface morphology of CaCO3 had a distinctive effect on the toughness of PA6/EPDM-M/CaCO3 Composites.
Effect of Tide on Sewage Disposal by Bio-Film Process Dosing with Enzyme
Authors: Liu Zheng Hua , Guo Gai Mei , Chen Hong Ying
Published: December 2011

The paper studied the effect of tide on the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TP in the dosing pool in order to provide data to simulate disorderly discharged sewage in tidal rivers. Due to the dilute effect of rivers, the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TP at the tidal state was higher than that at no tidal state. At the tidal state, the average removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TP was 60.8%, 55.7%, 55.6%. At no tidal state, the average removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TP was 57.5%, 47.5%, 8.6%. At the tidal state, the upper bio-film was exposed to air and the activity of microorganism decreased, and the activity of microorganism was high at middle-level bio-film. Therefore, the utilization of bio-film at the tidal state was lower than that at no tidal state. However, due to the tidal action, rivers entered into the dosing pool and the dilute effect of rivers on the pollutants was obvious.
The Chemical Reaction Mechanics of Bastnaesite in Low Temperature Activation Process
Authors: Bian Xue , Yang Tao , Wu Wen Yuan , Tu Gan Feng
Published: December 2011

Bastnaesite was activated at low temperature, and the results of XRD, SEM and Raman showed that the particle size of minerals increased firstly, and then decreased with increasing of temperature. The polarization of rare earths fluoride decreased in activation minerals. Using HCl leaching, the rare earths carbonate and rare earths fluoride were separated effectively, and 94.6% rare earths carbonate and only 0.07% rare earths fluoride was dissolved respectively. The results supplied a new method of bastnaesite decomposition.
Effect of Ultrasound on Acid-Alcohol Treated Hydrolysis of Starch
Authors: Zheng Jie , Yang Lin , Liu Rong , Zhang Zhi Hua , Li Qian , Hu Ai Jun
Published: December 2011

Excessive intake of fat will damage human health seriously, and it can also cause obesity, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. So low fat foods gradually become highly widespread. As a result, fat substitutes are focused, which have the same physical and sensory properties as fat, and can be used in place of fat in many cases. In this work, fat substitute was prepared by acid-alcohol treated hydrolysis of corn starch with and without ultrasound. Some factors affecting the DE of starch hydrolysate were investigated by experiments with and without ultrasound, including reaction temperature, time, ethanol concentration, and hydrochloric acid concentration. Enhancements of the hydrolysis by ultrasound was observed.The results showed that the DE increased with the rise of reaction temperature, time and hydrochloric acid concentration. However, it decreased as the increase of alcohol concentration. Ultrasound can accelerate the hydrolysis evidently, and increased the DE by at least 22.22%.
Optimized Structures and Theoretical 1H-NMR Spectral Analysis of the Methylene Protons in Dibenzyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Wu Zheng Ping , Sun Yuan Bing , Butler Ian S.
Published: December 2011

Dibenzyl sulfoxide [C6H5CH2)2SO, DBzSO] has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods with a particular emphasis on the theoretical 1H-NMR spectra of the methylene protons. The 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the methylene protons of DBzSO can be divided into two main types. Four possible structures of DBzSO were considered and the total energies were calculated for both a vacuum and in CDCl3 solvent. The change of length of S-O and S-C bonds in solvent was more obvious than that of the C(CH2)-C(C6H5) bonds; The S-O bond was longer and S-C bond was shorter in CDCl3. The essence effect of solvent on the properties of dibenzyl sulfoxide should come from the change of the geometrical structure. The change of shift Δx, [shift (solvent) - shift (vacuum)] showed that the effect of solvent on methylene protons of dibenzyl sulfoxide was apparent. Except of the other H of the rings, the two ortho H which were near S-O bond appeared more sensitivity on the solvent. The optimized structures in CDCl3 were in good agreement with the experimental data. The NMR peaks of methylene protons should be split more apparently in actual circumstance and the complex split of CH2 1HNMR peaks should be explained in some degree.
Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by Using Ca-Bentonite and H-Bentonite
Authors: Ma Yu Xin , Shi Feng Mei , Wu Miao Nan
Published: December 2011

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using Ca-bentonite and H-bentonite (acid-treated bentonite) was studied by batch equilibrium method. The fluoride sorption capacity of Ca-bentonite increases with the fluoride concentration increase or the pH-value decrease. H-bentonite has better affinity to fluoride than Ca-bentonite. H-bentonite can be used effectively for fluoride removal as a low cost adsorbent. The adsorption type of H-bentonite is ion exchange and the adsorption type of Ca-bentonite can be explained by ion exchange and physical adsorption.
Study of Copolymerization Mechanism between Vinyl-POSS and Citronellal with Quantum Chemistry Program Based on DFT
Authors: Wang Di , Cao Zhen Yu , Wang Qi
Published: December 2011

Conventional pesticide applications repeatedly failed to adequately control mosquito and sandfly populations in desert areas, due to effects of intense heat, blowing sand, ultraviolet light and/or combinations of them under severe environmental conditions. The citronellal was copolymerized with vinyl-POSS to enhance the resistant to ultraviolet radiation and thermal stability. The polymerization process between vinyl-POSS and citronellal were simulated by using Dmol3 program of MS software based on DFT. The calculation results showed that the double bonds in vinyl-POSS were initiated easily by phenyl radical, at the same time some double bonds in citronellal were also initiated. After the initiation process, the copolymerization between vinyl-POSS initiated by phenyl radical and citronellal was firstly processed. When the double bonds in vinyl-POSS were run out, the self-polymerizations of citronellal were processed.
Preparation and Properties of Microstructure Flexible Image Transfer Fiber Materials
Authors: Zhou De Chun , Tan Fang , Zhou Da Wei
Published: December 2011

Microstructure optical fiber materials has many virtues: small momofilament diameter, soft and flexible, high resolution, which make it have many broad application prospects in different fields, such as: high definition imaging equipment, industrial automation dectection, military and aerospace, etc. The materials of core, cladding and acid-soluble glasses were prepared, which had good physical and chemical matching on the base of three layers coaxial micro-structure. The double clad flexible fiber micostructure and spectral performances were tested. The experiments obtained high quality image transfer fiber, of which monofilament diametre is 10μm ± 0.1μm, resolution is 52.5LP/mm, transmittance is 42.6%/m. Experimental results showed that the preparation process broke through the traditional techniques and achieved the structure innovation, which had some reference value to improve the optical properties of image instruments.
Hollow Structure of Nano-Crystals by Microemulsion Method
Authors: Cui Zhi Min , Dong Cui Zhi , Chen Ying , Zhang Qing Jun
Published: December 2011

Nano-crystals with hollow structure were synthesized by microemulsion method. XRD(X-rays Diffraction), EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) and TEM(Transmission Electron Micrograph) techniques were used to characterize the structure, composition and morphology of nano-crystals. Results of XRD and ED(Electron Diffraction) revealed that nano-crystals were the mixture of CdSe and CdSeO3. TEM images shows nanotube and bamboo-like nanotube, CdSe nano-particles are observed in bamboo-like nanotubes. Reports on nanotubes and bamboo-like nanotubes by microemulsion method are little. In this experiment nanotubes and bamboo-like nanotubes are successfully prepared. In this experiment just through one step nano-crystals with hollow structure are obtained, which greatly simplify the experiment process to removing core.
A New Method on Low-Cycle Corrosion Fatigue of Pipelines Taking Strain as Parameter
Authors: Bi Wen Jun , Zhu Yong , Jin Ying
Published: December 2011

As for the more and more severe corrosion fatigue of pipelines in service and the results of the former analyzing means and tests, a new method was brought forward to study the low-cycle corrosion fatigue by using a large pure-bended sample (480 mm×38 mm×12 mm). The experimental samples were obtained from the gas-transmission spiral welded pipe (X65) used in the west-east gas transport project of China. The experiential formula about crack growth speed, , is established via the experimental results under two different environments of air and 3% NaCl solution, and the two constants of a and b were identified.
Bending Properties of Five-Layer Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Geng Wei , Qi Ye Xiong , Li Jia Lu
Published: December 2011

Five-layer biaxial weft knitted (FBWK) fabric is one kind of multilayered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabric. FBWK fabric is made of carbon fiber as inserted yarns and stitched with polyester yarns, and it has been impregnated with epoxy via resin transfer molding (RTM) technique to manufacture the composite plates. The bending properties of the FBWK fabric reinforced composite are studied with the three-point bending test method. The bending properties of the FBWK fabric reinforced composite materials with different fiber volume fraction have been investigated. The results show that the relationship between bending load and deflection is obviously linear before reaching the maximum load. Within a certain range, the bending strength of this kind of composites increases with the fiber volume fraction increasing. When the fiber volume fraction is 57%, the bending strength is 1051.4 MPa.
Preparation of LiFePO4/C Composite Powders
Authors: Li Guo Jun , Yang Ming , Jing Hai Li , Ren Rui Ming
Published: December 2011

LiFePO4/C composite powders were prepared by a simple reaction of as-synthesized FePO4•2H2O, LiOH•H2O, oxalic acid and citric acid. The influence of oxalic acid and citric acid in different ratios was investigated on morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composite powders. The characterization of the composites included X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis indicates that the material is well crystallized without impurities. The obtained LiFePO4/C composite powders with well dispersion at CA/OA ratio of 1:1.50 and the initial charge capacity reached 159.3 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, meanwhile, the particles prepared at 1:0.75 were close to spherical in shape and the specific capacity value was 149.8 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, with a slight decrease on greater C-rates reaching 141.3 mAhg-1 at 1C.