bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambidextrie – der organisationale Drahtseilakt
Authors: Schneeberger Simon Jonathan , Habegger Anja
Published: November 2019

Sich disruptiv verändernde Rahmenbedingungen können dazu führen, dass bisher erfolgreiche Geschäftsmodelle innert weniger Jahren obsolet werden. Geschuldet ist dies einer mangelnden Anpassungsfähigkeit, deren Ursache unter anderem in der sogenannten Pfadabhängigkeit wurzeln kann. Die Pfadabhängigkeit bezeichnet eine Situation, in der die Auswirkungen von stark durch die Vergangenheit geprägten Entscheiden dazu führen, dass die Möglichkeit bzw. Notwendigkeit neuer Geschäftsmodelle nicht erkannt, verpasst oder deren Chancen falsch eingeschätzt werden. Das Ausbrechen aus der Pfadabhängigkeit ist für den Fortbestand von Unternehmen daher von zentraler Bedeutung. Das Konzept der organisationalen Ambidextrie widmet sich dieser Problemstellung. Ambidextrie beschreibt die Fähigkeit eines Unternehmens, einerseits das Kerngeschäft stetig weiterzuentwickeln, gleichzeitig aber auch neue Wege und Denkweisen zu etablieren und so sicherzustellen, dass Veränderungen im Umsystem rechtzeitig erkannt und die sich dadurch bietenden Chancen für die Zukunft genutzt werden. Eine Fähigkeit, die gerade im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung an Wichtigkeit gewinnt.
Symmetries, charges and conservation laws at causal diamonds in general relativity
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Prabhu Kartik
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We study the covariant phase space of vacuum general relativity at the null boundary of causal diamonds. The past and future components of such a null boundary each have an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra consisting of diffeomorphisms of the 2-sphere and boost supertranslations corresponding to angle-dependent rescalings of affine parameter along the null generators. Associated to these symmetries are charges and fluxes obtained from the covariant phase space formalism using the prescription of Wald and Zoupas. By analyzing the behavior of the spacetime metric near the corners of the causal diamond, we show that the fluxes are also Hamiltonian generators of the symmetries on phase space. In particular, the supertranslation fluxes yield an infinite family of boost Hamiltonians acting on the gravitational data of causal diamonds. We show that the smoothness of the vector fields representing such symmetries at the bifurcation edge of the causal diamond implies suitable matching conditions between the symmetries on the past and future components of the null boundary. Similarly, the smoothness of the spacetime metric implies that the fluxes of all such symmetries are conserved between the past and future components of the null boundary. This establishes an infinite set of conservation laws for finite subregions in gravity analogous to those at null infinity. We also show that the symmetry algebra at the causal diamond has a non-trivial center corresponding to constant boosts. The central charges associated to these constant boosts are proportional to the area of the bifurcation edge, for any causal diamond, in analogy with the Wald entropy formula.
Statistical analysis of the azimuthal asymmetry in the J/𝜓 leptoproduction in unpolarized ep collisions
Authors: Zhang Hong-Fei , Sang Wen-Long , Yan Yu-Peng
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we study the azimuthal asymmetry in the J/𝜓 leptoproduction in unpolarized ep collisions. There are two independent azimuthal asymmetry modulations, namely cos(𝜓) and cos (2 𝜓), where 𝜓 is the azimuthal angle of the lepton scattering plane with respect to the hadron-interacting plane. We calculate the two modulations as functions of four kinematic variables, and find that they provide a very good laboratory to distinguish several models describing the heavy quarkonium production, including the color-singlet (CS) model, the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD). In addition, this process can be used to test the magnitude of the

$$ {}^1{S}_0^{\left[8\right]} $$

1

S
0

8

long-distance matrix element, which is extraordinarily large from various phenomenological extraction. In order to make definite conclusions, we restrict our calculation in a specific kinematic region, where the CS and CO mechanisms can be distinguished by scrutinizing the values of the cos(𝜓) modulation, while the

$$ {}^1{S}_0^{\left[8\right]} $$

1

S
0

8

dominance picture can be tested by measuring the values of the cos (2 𝜓) modulation. Calculating their values and carrying out a meticulous statistical analysis, we find that at an integrated luminosity ℒ = 1000pb
−1, the statistical uncertainties of the two quantities are small enough to tell the three models apart. When this experiment is implemented at the future ep colliders such as the EIC, crucial information for the J/𝜓 production mechanism might be discovered.
Topological string entanglement
Authors: Hubeny Veronika E. , Pius Roji , Rangamani Mukund
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We investigate how topological entanglement of Chern-Simons theory is captured in a string theoretic realization. Our explorations are motivated by a desire to understand how quantum entanglement of low energy open string degrees of freedom is encoded in string theory (beyond the oft discussed classical gravity limit). Concretely, we realize the Chern-Simons theory as the worldvolume dynamics of topological D-branes in the topological A-model string theory on a Calabi-Yau target. Via the open/closed topological string duality one can map this theory onto a pure closed topological A-model string on a different target space, one which is related to the original Calabi-Yau geometry by a geometric/conifold transition. We demonstrate how to uplift the replica construction of Chern-Simons theory directly onto the closed string and show that it provides a meaningful definition of reduced density matrices in topological string theory. Furthermore, we argue that the replica construction commutes with the geometric transition, thereby providing an explicit closed string dual for computing reduced states, and Rényi and von Neumann entropies thereof. While most of our analysis is carried out for Chern-Simons on S
3, the emergent picture is rather general. Specifically, we argue that quantum entanglement on the open string side is mapped onto quantum entanglement on the closed string side and briefly comment on the implications of our result for physical holographic theories where entanglement has been argued to be crucial ingredient for the emergence of classical geometry.
Flat entanglement spectra in fixed-area states of quantum gravity
Authors: Dong Xi , Harlow Daniel , Marolf Donald
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We use the Einstein-Hilbert gravitational path integral to investigate gravita- tional entanglement at leading order O(1/G). We argue that semiclassical states prepared by a Euclidean path integral have the property that projecting them onto a subspace in which the Ryu-Takayanagi or Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surface has definite area gives a state with a flat entanglement spectrum at this order in gravitational perturbation theory. This means that the reduced density matrix can be approximated as proportional to the identity to the extent that its Renyi entropies Sn are independent of n at this order. The n-dependence of Sn in more general states then arises from sums over the RT/HRT- area, which are generally dominated by different values of this area for each n. This provides a simple picture of gravitational entanglement, bolsters the connection between holographic systems and tensor network models, clarifies the bulk interpretation of alge- braic centers which arise in the quantum error-correcting description of holography, and strengthens the connection between bulk and boundary modular Hamiltonians described by Jafferis, Lewkowycz, Maldacena, and Suh.
BPS solutions for generalised Wess-Zumino models and their applications
Authors: Abel Steven , Bonnefoy Quentin , Chowdhury Debtosh
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We present BPS solutions to a general class of Wess-Zumino models which ex- tend previous results in the literature. We discuss their relation to amplitudes on threshold, and their application to scalar domain walls in Supersymmetric QCD. We also find partial expressions for Wess-Zumino models with softly broken supersymmetry.
Phases of holographic Hawking radiation on spatially compact spacetimes
Authors: Marolf Donald , Santos Jorge E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We study phases of equilibrium Hawking radiation in d-dimensional holo- graphic CFTs on spatially compact spacetimes with two black holes. In the particular phases chosen the dual (d + 1)-dimensional bulk solutions describe a variety of black fun- nels and droplets. In the former the CFT readily conducts heat between the two black holes, but it in the latter such conduction is highly suppressed. While the generic case can be understood in certain extreme limits of parameters on general grounds, we focus on CFTs on specific geometries conformally equivalent to a pair of d ≥ 4 AdS
d
-Schwarzschild black holes of radius R. Such cases allow perturbative analyses of non-uniform funnels associated with Gregory-Laflamme zero-modes. For d = 4 we construct a phase diagram for pure funnels and droplets by constructing the desired bulk solutions numerically. The fat non-uniform funnel is a particular interesting phase that dominates at small R (due to having lowest free energy) despite being sub-dominant in the perturbative regime. The uniform funnel dominates at large R, and droplets and thin funnels dominate at certain intermediate values. The thin funnel phase provides a mystery as it dominates over our other phases all that way to a critical Rturn beyond which it fails to exist. The free energy of the system thus appears to be discontinuous at Rturn, but such discontinuities are for- bidden by the 2nd law. A new more-dominant phase is thus required near Rturn but the nature of this phase remains unclear.
Minimal D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity from D = 11: an M-theory free lunch
Authors: Larios Gabriel , Varela Oscar
Published: November 2019

We present a new consistent truncation of D = 11 supergravity to D = 4

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 minimal gauged supergravity, on the seven-dimensional internal Riemannian space corresponding to the most general class of D = 11 solutions with an AdS4 factor and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetry. A truncation ansatz is proposed and its consistency checked at the level of the D = 11 Bianchi identity, bosonic equations of motion, and supersymmetry variations of the gravitino. The general class includes an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 AdS4 solution dual to the conformal, low-energy physics phase corresponding to a mass deformation of the M2-brane field theory. A consistent truncation recently constructed on this particular geometry is recovered from our formalism.
Localization of the action in AdS/CFT
Authors: Genolini Pietro Benetti , Ipiña Juan Manuel Perez , Sparks James
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We derive a simple formula for the action of any supersymmetric solution to minimal gauged supergravity in the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence. Such solutions are equipped with a supersymmetric Killing vector, and we show that the holographically renormalized action may be expressed entirely in terms of the weights of this vector field at its fixed points, together with certain topological data. In this sense, the classical gravitational partition function localizes in the bulk. We illustrate our general formula with a number of explicit examples, in which exact dual field theory computations are also available, which include supersymmetric Taub-NUT and Taub-bolt type spacetimes, as well as black hole solutions. Our simple topological formula also allows us to write down the action of any solution, provided it exists.
Marginal deformations of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 linear quiver theories
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Lavdas Ioannis , Le Floch Bruno
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We study superconformal deformations of the

$$ {T}_p^{\hat{p}} $$

T
p

p
̂

[SU(N)] theories of Gaiotto- Hanany-Witten, paying special attention to mixed-branch operators with both electrically- and magnetically-charged fields. We explain why all marginal

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 operators of an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 CFT3 can be extracted unambiguously from the superconformal index. Computing the index at the appropriate order we show that the mixed moduli in

$$ {T}_p^{\hat{p}} $$

T
p

p
̂

[SU(N)] theories are double-string operators transforming in the (Adjoint, Adjoint) representation of the electric and magnetic flavour groups, up to some overcounting for quivers with abelian gauge nodes. We comment on the holographic interpretation of the results, arguing in particular that gauged supergravities can capture the entire moduli space if, in addition to the (classical) parameters of the background solution, one takes also into account the (quantization) moduli of boundary conditions.
Carroll membranes
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We explore Carroll limit corresponding to M2 as well as M3 branes propagating over 11D supergravity backgrounds in M theory. In the first part of the analysis, we introduce the membrane Carroll limit associated to M2 branes propagating over M theory supergravity backgrounds. Considering two specific M2 brane embeddings, we further outline the solutions corresponding to the Hamilton’s dynamical equations in the Carroll limit. We further consider the so called stringy Carroll limit associated to M2 branes and outline the corresponding solutions to the underlying Hamilton’s equations of motion by considering specific M2 brane embeddings over 11D target space geometry. As a further illustration of our analysis, considering the Nambu-Goto action, we show the equivalence between different world-volume descriptions in the Carroll limit of M2 branes. Finally, considering the stringy Carroll limit, we explore the constraint structure as well as the Hamiltonian dynamics associated to unstable M3 branes in 11D supergravity and obtain the corresponding effective world-volume description around their respective tachyon vacua.
On the evolution of operator complexity beyond scrambling
Authors: Barbón J.L.F. , Rabinovici E. , Shir R. , Sinha R.
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We study operator complexity on various time scales with emphasis on those much larger than the scrambling period. We use, for systems with a large but finite number of degrees of freedom, the notion of K-complexity employed in [1] for infinite systems. We present evidence that K-complexity of ETH operators has indeed the character associated with the bulk time evolution of extremal volumes and actions. Namely, after a period of exponential growth during the scrambling period the K-complexity increases only linearly with time for exponentially long times in terms of the entropy, and it eventually saturates at a constant value also exponential in terms of the entropy. This constant value depends on the Hamiltonian and the operator but not on any extrinsic tolerance parameter. Thus K-complexity deserves to be an entry in the AdS/CFT dictionary. Invoking a concept of K-entropy and some numerical examples we also discuss the extent to which the long period of linear complexity growth entails an efficient randomization of operators.
The positive geometry for 𝜙p interactions
Authors: Raman Prashanth
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Starting with the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed et al. [1], in [2], the “Ampli- tuhedron program” was extended to analyzing (planar) amplitudes in massless 𝜙 4 theory. In this paper we show that the program can be further extended to include 𝜙
p
(p > 4) interactions. We show that tree-level planar amplitudes in these theories can be obtained from geometry of polytopes called accordiohedron which naturally sits inside kinematic space. As in the case of quartic interactions the accordiohedron of a given dimension is not unique, and we show that a weighted sum of residues of the canonical form on these polytopes can be used to compute scattering amplitudes. We finally provide a prescription to compute the weights and demonstrate how it works in various examples.
First demonstration of a new additive manufacturing process based on metal extrusion and solid-state bonding
Authors: Blindheim Jørgen , Welo Torgeir , Steinert Martin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new additive manufacturing (AM) process based on extrusion and solid-state bonding is presented. The process uses metal feedstock wire which is processed in a continuous rotary extruder in order to disperse the surface oxides of the feedstock and to provide the required bonding pressure. Simultaneously, the die outlet is scraping the contact surface to provide an oxide-free interface between the extrudate and the substrate. Optical analyses of samples from a layered structure produced from AA6082 reveal that the stringers are fully merged; however, some voids and cracks are observed between the individual stringers. Still, this initial demonstration indicates that the process, upon further development, has high potential of producing near-net-shape parts at high deposition rates.
Time-resolved characterization of the mechanisms of toxicity induced by silica and amino-modified polystyrene on alveolar-like macrophages
Authors: Deville Sarah , Honrath Birgit , Tran Quynh T. D. , Fejer Gyorgy , Lambrichts Ivo , Nelissen Inge , Dolga Amalia M. , Salvati Anna
Published: November 2019

Macrophages play a major role in the removal of foreign materials, including nano-sized materials, such as nanomedicines and other nanoparticles, which they accumulate very efficiently. Because of this, it is recognized that for a safe development of nanotechnologies and nanomedicine, it is essential to investigate potential effects induced by nano-sized materials on macrophages. To this aim, in this work, a recently established model of primary murine alveolar-like macrophages was used to investigate macrophage responses to two well-known nanoparticle models: 50 nm amino-modified polystyrene, known to induce cell death via lysosomal damage and apoptosis in different cell types, and 50 nm silica nanoparticles, which are generally considered non-toxic. Then, a time-resolved study was performed to characterize in detail the response of the macrophages following exposure to the two nanoparticles. As expected, exposure to the amino-modified polystyrene led to cell death, but surprisingly no lysosomal swelling or apoptosis were detected. On the contrary, a peculiar mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization was observed, accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes of metabolic activity, ultimately leading to cell death. Strong toxic responses were observed also after exposure to silica, which included mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death by apoptosis. Overall, these results showed that exposure to the two nanoparticles led to a very different series of intracellular events, suggesting that the macrophages responded differently to the two nanoparticle models. Similar time-resolved studies are required to characterize the response of macrophages to nanoparticles, as a key parameter in nanosafety assessment.
Continuous production of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Gerritzen Matthias J.H. , Stangowez Lilli , van de Waterbeemd Bas , Martens Dirk E. , Wijffels René H. , Stork Michiel
Published: November 2019

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria that can be used for diverse biotechnological applications. Interesting applications have been developed, where OMVs are the basis of drug delivery, enzyme carriers, adjuvants, and vaccines. Historically, OMV research has mainly focused on vaccines. Therefore, current OMV production processes have been based on batch processes. The production of OMVs in batch mode is characterized by relatively low yields and high costs. Transition of OMV production processes from batch to continuous processes could increase the volumetric productivity, reduce the production and capital costs, and result in a higher quality product. Here, we study the continuous production ofNeisseria meningitidisOMVs to improve volumetric productivity. Continuous cultivation ofN.meningitidisresulted in a steady state with similar high OMV concentrations as are reached in current batch processes. The steady state was reproducible and could be maintained for at least 600 h. The volumetric productivity of a continuous culture reached 4.0 × 1014OMVs per liter culture per day, based on a dilution rate of 1/day. The tested characteristics of the OMVs did not change during the experiments showing feasibility of a continuous production process for the production of OMVs for any application.
Surgical Needs at the End of the Battle of Mosul: Results from Mosul General Hospital
Authors: Bäckström Fredrik , Bäckström Denise , Sadi Lin , Andersson Peter , Wladis Andreas
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The aim of the study was to analyze the surgical needs of patients seeking emergency care at the Mosul General Hospital in the final phase of the battle of Mosul in northern Iraq between an international military coalition and rebel forces. During the conflict, the International Red Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) supported the hospital with staff and resources. Ceasefire in the conflict was declared at the end of July 2017.

Methods

Routinely collected hospital data from the ICRC‐supported Mosul General Hospital from June 6, 2017, to October 1, 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All patients with weapon‐related injuries as well as all patients with other types of injuries or acute surgical illness were included.

Results

Some 265 patients were admitted during the study period. Non‐weapon‐related conditions were more common than weapon‐related (55.1%). The most common non‐weapon‐related condition was appendicitis followed by hernia and soft tissue wounds. Blast/fragment was the most frequent weapon‐related injury mechanism followed by gunshot. The most commonly injured body regions were chest and abdomen. Children accounted for 35.3% of all weapon‐related injuries. Patients presented at the hospital with weapon‐related injuries more than 2 months after the official declaration of ceasefire. A majority of the non‐weapon‐related, as well as the weapon‐related conditions, needed surgery (88.1% and 87.6%, respectively). Few postoperative complications were reported.

Conclusions

The number of children affected by the fighting seems to be higher in this cohort compared to previous reports. Even several months after the fighting officially ceased, patients with weapon‐related injuries were presenting. Everyday illnesses or non‐weapon‐related injuries dominated. This finding underlines the importance of providing victims of conflicts with surgery for life‐threatening conditions, whether weapon related or not.
The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study
Authors: McVey Marco K. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O’Brien Eileen C. , McKenna Malachi J. , Kilbane Mark T. , Crowley Rachel K. , Twomey Patrick J. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: November 2019

Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD.

Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.
Extremal rank-one convex integrands and a conjecture of Šverák
Authors: Guerra André
Published: November 2019

We show that, in order to decide whether a given probability measure is laminate, it is enough to verify Jensen’s inequality in the class of extremal non-negative rank-one convex integrands. We also identify a subclass of these extremal integrands, consisting of truncated minors, thus proving a conjecture made by Šverák (Arch Ration Mech Anal 119(4):293–300, 1992).
Investigating the impact of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) to help improve reading comprehension in low performing urban elementary schools
Authors: Vega Natalia , Stanfield James , Mitra Sugata
Published: November 2019

In the United States, literacy rates vary between socio-economic groups, and this reading gap is also a common feature in the education systems of OECD member states. To help address this reading gap previous research has identified a number of teaching strategies that have a positive impact on student learning outcomes, including the use of peer collaboration and complex texts. However, the contribution of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning to help address the reading gap for students attending low performing urban elementary schools has, to date, received much less attention and little is known about the ability of young students with access to the Internet to read complex texts in groups and how this impacts on individual reading comprehension scores. This study therefore examines the impact of combining the use of complex texts, collaborative learning and access to the internet on the reading comprehension scores of 58 fourth-grade students (ages 10-11). The students met once a week for an hour over six consecutive weeks and read under the following three conditions: eighth grade level texts independently, eighth grade level texts in groups with internet access and fourth grade level texts in groups with internet access. Our findings demonstrate that groups of young students with access to the internet are capable of reading complex texts with minimal teacher intervention. We also believe that this approach has the potential to help students develop both their offline and online reading comprehension skills.
Multivariate Landscape Analysis of Honey Bee Winter Mortality in Wallonia, Belgium
Authors: Van Esch Leen , De Kok Jean-Luc , Janssen Liliane , Buelens Bart , De Smet Lina , de Graaf Dirk C. , Engelen Guy
Published: November 2019

The European honey bee species (Apis mellifera L.) is under increasing pressure from anthropogenic and other stressors. Winter mortality of entire colonies is generally attributed to biological, environmental, and management conditions. The rates of winter mortality can vary extremely from place to place. A landscape approach is used here to examine the dependency between spatially distributed winter mortality rates, environmental and biological conditions, and apiary management. The analysis was applied to data for the region of Wallonia in Belgium with winter mortality rates obtained from the European project EPILOBEE. Potential explanatory variables were spatially allocated based on GIS analysis, and subjected to binomial linear regression to identify the most predominant variables related to bee winter mortality. The results point to infestation with Varroa, the number of frost days, the potential flying hours, the connectivity of the natural landscape, and the use of plant protection products as most dominant causes for the region of Wallonia. The outcomes of this study will help focus beekeeping and environmental management to improve bee health and the effectiveness of apiary practices. The approach surpasses application to the problem of bee mortality and could be used to compare and rank the causes of other environmental problems by their significance, particularly when these are interdependent and spatially differentiated.
Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour
Authors: O’Nions Elizabeth , Ceulemans Eva , Happé Francesca , Benson Paul , Evers Kris , Noens Ilse
Published: November 2019

Here, we explored the structure of the ‘Parenting Strategies Questionnaire’, a new scale designed to measure parenting strategies for problem behaviour in ASD. We then examined links between child behaviour and parenting in a sample of 222 predominantly-UK parents of ASD children exhibiting behaviour found difficult or challenging. Analysis revealed three parenting subscales: Accommodation, Reinforcement Approaches and Reducing Uncertainty. Both Accommodation and Reducing Uncertainty were linked to child problem behaviour. Child factors explained up to 29% of the variance in Accommodation, with Socially Inflexible Non-compliance the strongest predictor, and up to 24% of the variance in Reducing Uncertainty, with Intolerance of Uncertainty the strongest predictor. Child factors were not related to Reinforcement Approaches. Longitudinal studies investigating these relationships are needed.
Quality of Life Differences for Primary Immunodeficiency Patients on Home SCIG versus IVIG
Authors: Anterasian Christine , Duong Richard , Gruenemeier Peg , Ernst Carol , Kitsen Jessica , Geng Bob
Published: November 2019

Background

Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) and antibody deficiency require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy. While both subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy are effective in preventing infection, patients with PIDD still experience worse health-related quality of life (hrQOL) outcomes.

Objective

Assess differences in hrQOL for PIDD patients receiving home SCIG versus IVIG.

Methods

SF-36 surveys were administered by a specialty pharmacy to 630 PIDD patients receiving home SCIG and IVIG at baseline and then every 3 months between 2014 and 2016. Results were analyzed using two-sample t tests and linear mixed effects model. Analysis was repeated for different age categories and trended over time.

Results

Patients receiving SCIG reported statistically significant higher energy fatigue scores (+ 9 points, p < 0.001) but lower perceived role limitations due to physical health scores (− 14 points, p < 0.001). These differences were only observed in patients > 36 years of age. There were no differences in the composite SF-36 score for patients receiving SCIG versus IVIG (+ 1, p = 0.66). Immunoglobulin-naïve patients all improved their hrQOL, but a larger improvement was seen in those initiating SCIG versus IVIG.

Conclusion

Patients with PIDD on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite hrQOL scores as measured by the SF-36. In the adult population, initiating immunoglobulin replacement with SCIG may result in more hrQOL improvement compared with IVIG, although personal preferences should also be considered.

Clinical Implications

Patients with PIDD on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite health-related quality of life scores as measured by the SF-36.

Capsule Summary

Patients with primary immune-deficiency on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite health-related quality of life scores as measured by the SF-36. Personal preferences are important in deciding whether to treat with IVIG or SCIG.
A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: key lessons for a new instrument
Authors: Olsen Jan Abel , Misajon RoseAnne
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) represent a critical metric in economic evaluations impacting key healthcare decisions in many countries. However, there is widespread disagreement as to which is the best of the health state utility (HSU) instruments that are designed to measure the Q in the QALY. Instruments differ in their descriptive systems as well as their valuation methodologies; that is, they simply measure different things. We propose a visual framework that can be utilized to make meaningful comparisons across HSU instruments.

Methods

The framework expands on existing HRQoL models, by incorporating four distinctive continua, and by putting HRQoL within the broader notion of subjective well-being (SWB). Using this conceptual map, we locate the five most widely used HSU-instruments (EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI, 15D, AQoL).

Results

By individually mapping dimensions onto this visual framework, we provide a clear picture of the significant conceptual and operational differences between instruments. Moreover, the conceptual map demonstrates the varying extent to which each instrument moves outside the traditional biomedical focus of physical health, to also incorporate indicators of mental health and social well-being.

Conclusion

Our visual comparison provides useful insights to assess the suitability of different instruments for particular purposes. Following on from this comparative analyses, we extract some important lessons for a new instrument that cover the domains of physical, mental and social aspects of health, i.e. it is in alignment with the seminal 1948 WHO definition of health.
Application of entity linking to identify research fronts and trends
Authors: Marrone Mauricio
Published: November 2019

Studying research fronts enables researchers to understand how their academic fields emerged, how they are currently developing and their changes over time. While topic modelling tools help discover themes in documents, they employ a “bag-of-words” approach and require researchers to manually label categories, specify the number of topics a priori, and make assumptions about word distributions in documents. This paper proposes an alternative approach based on entity linking, which links word strings to entities from a knowledge base, to help solve issues associated with “bag-of-words” approaches by automatically identifying topics based on entity mentions. To study topic trends and popularity, we use four indicators—Mann–Kendall’s test, Sen’s slope analysis, z-score values and Kleinberg’s burst detection algorithm. The combination of these indicators helps us understand which topics are particularly active (“hot” topics), which are decreasing (“cold” topics or past “bursty” topics) and which are maturely developed. We apply the approach and indicators to the fields of Information Science and Accounting.
Twin Earth and perceptual content
Authors: Almäng Jan
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a framework for analysing perceptual Twin Earth thought experiments. Visual content normally has an analogue character, and it is argued in this paper that this sets certain constraints on the extent to which Twin Earth thought experiments can be successful. The argumentation in the paper is developed by using examples from visual spatial content. It is argued that visual spatial content can only be “twin-earthed” in a very limited way. Whereas the metrics of space can be twin-earthed, visual experience has a structure that means that it can only be the vehicle for representing entities with geometrical structures.
Spatiotemporal changes in forest loss and its linkage to burned areas in China
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Yan Saijia , He Lei , Shan Yanlong
Published: November 2019

Fire-induced forest loss has substantially increased worldwide over the last decade. In China, the connection between forest loss and frequent fires on a national scale remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a data set for a time-series of forest loss from the Global Forest Watch and for a MODIS-derived burned area for 2003–2015 to ascertain variations in forest loss and to explore its relationship with forest fires (represented by burned areas) at the country- and forest-zone levels. We quantified trends in forest loss during 2003–2015 using linear regression analysis and assessed the relation between forest loss and burned areas using Spearman’s correlation. Forest loss increased significantly (264.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.54, p < 0.01) throughout China, with an average annual increase of 11.4% during 2003–2015. However, the forest loss trend had extensive spatial heterogeneity. Forest loss increased mainly in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone (315.0 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01) and tropical rainforest zone (38.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.66, p < 0.01), but the loss of forest decreased in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone (− 70.8 km2 year−1; R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01) and the temperate deciduous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest zone (− 14.4 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.45, p < 0.05). We found that 1.0% of China’s area had a significant positive correlation (r ≥ 0.55, p < 0.05) with burned areas and 0.3% had a significant negative correlation (r ≤ − 0.55, p < 0.05). In particular, forest loss had a significant positive relationship with the burned area in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone (16.9% of the lands) and the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone (7.8%). These results provide a basis for future predictions of fire-induced forest loss in China.
Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl-1 with yellow–green leaf color
Authors: Gao Tong-Mei , Wei Shuang-Ling , Chen Jing , Wu Yin , Li Feng , Wei Li-Bin , Li Chun , Zeng Yan-Juan , Tian Yuan , Wang Dong-Yong , Zhang Hai-Yang
Published: November 2019

Background

Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops.

Objective

This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutantSiyl-1.

Methods

We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2population of the mutantSiyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type.

Results

Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2population of the mutantSiyl-1, i.e.,YYtype with light-yellow leaf color (lethal);Yytype with yellow-green leaf color, andyytype with normal green leaf color. The yellow-green mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene,Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure inYYandYymutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) amongYY, Yy,andyylines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group.

Conclusion

The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutantSiyl-1. 98 DEPs were found inYYandYymutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.
Robots in the Workplace: a Threat to—or Opportunity for—Meaningful Work?
Authors: Smids Jilles , Nyholm Sven , Berkers Hannah
Published: November 2019

The concept of meaningful work has recently received increased attention in philosophy and other disciplines. However, the impact of the increasing robotization of the workplace on meaningful work has received very little attention so far. Doing work that is meaningful leads to higher job satisfaction and increased worker well-being, and some argue for a right to access to meaningful work. In this paper, we therefore address the impact of robotization on meaningful work. We do so by identifying five key aspects of meaningful work: pursuing a purpose, social relationships, exercising skills and self-development, self-esteem and recognition, and autonomy. For each aspect, we analyze how the introduction of robots into the workplace may diminish or enhance the meaningfulness of work. We also identify a few ethical issues that emerge from our analysis. We conclude that robotization of the workplace can have both significant negative and positive effects on meaningful work. Our findings about ways in which robotization of the workplace can be a threat or opportunity for meaningful work can serve as the basis for ethical arguments for how to—and how not to—implement robots into workplaces.
Serum sclerostin and adverse outcomes in elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: He Wuyang , Li Chunqiu , Chen Qingwei , Xiang Tingting , Wang Peng , Pang Jun
Published: November 2019

Background

Recently, sclerostin, a bone-derived protein, has been shown to play a key role in atherosclerosis progression. However, few studies have investigated the influence of sclerostin on cardiovascular disease prognosis. We investigated the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and adverse outcomes in elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We enrolled 310 elderly SCAD patients who underwent PCI in this study and followed them 3 years. According to the median serum sclerostin levels, subjects were stratified into a low sclerostin (low scl) group (n = 144) and a high sclerostin (high scl) group (n = 166). Time-to-event analyses were performed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Associations between sclerostin levels and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and mortality were evaluated by Cox multivariate regression analysis. The prognostic power of predictive models was verified by the concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

The high scl group had a significantly higher MACCE-free rate and better survival than the low scl group. Serum sclerostin was an independent predictor and could improve the prognostic power for adverse outcomes. In addition, serum sclerostin levels were significantly associated with bone turnover markers, a lower presence of multivessel disease and a lower CCS angina class.

Conclusions

Serum sclerostin is a prognostic parameter for predicting and intervening in the adverse outcomes of elderly SCAD patients undergoing PCI, which may be explained by its potential role in the bone–vascular axis.
Towards a Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Attractiveness of Rail Transit-Oriented Shopping Mall Developments (TOSMDs)
Authors: Abutaleb Ayman , McDougall Kevin , Basson Marita , Hassan Rumman , Mahmood Muhammad Nateque
Published: November 2019

Transit-oriented development (TOD) links residential, retail, commercial, and community service developments to frequent, accessible rail transit services to stimulate sustainable development in the form of decreased land use and transport integration. A mixed-use shopping mall can be developed as a TOD with moderate to high density with diverse land use patterns and well-connected street networks centred around and integrated with a rail transit station. Shopping mall developments are now considered as the retail, social, and community centres of their communities. Therefore, understanding their services’ mixed impact on nearby transit stations will provide further insight into the success of the TOD approach. As a result, this study aims to review and link the recent literature on attractiveness factors of shopping malls and the design factors of TOD and report the researchers’ analytic observations (themes) clarifying transit-oriented shopping mall developments’ (TOSMDs) attractiveness factors. The review systematically synthesises 208 guiding articles. It uses the elements of the extended service marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process) and the five factors related to TODs (density, diversity, urban design, destination accessibility, and distance) as an indicator system for the factors determining the attractiveness of TOSMD. The review outcome is utilised to establish a conceptual framework for the attractiveness of rail TOSMDs. The study revealed fragmented causes of attractiveness factors of rail TOSMDs. It contributes to further understanding of TOD as it cross-reviews retail and urban design literature findings. The resultant conceptual framework will also inform and potentially enhance the existing rail transit station passenger forecasting models and increase the economic sustainability of rail transit networks.
Clarifications of a Puzzle: The Decline in Nutritional Status at the Onset of Modern Economic Growth in the United States
Authors: Komlos John , A'Hearn Brian
Published: November 2019

Bodenhom, Guinnane, and Mroz (2017) are critical of anthropometric research using based on non-random samples. Declining height trends in military and prison data, they argue, are artifacts of negative selection during favorable labor market conditions. We study height trends in the United States in the antebellum decades, which coincided with the onset of modem economic growth. We find that neither the historical evidence nor their own statistical analysis support their views. The decline in physical stature in the decades before the Civil War was real, as Zimran (2019) has also shown.
COLOURING OUTSIDE THE LINES: METHODS FOR A GLOBAL HISTORY OF EASTERN EURASIA 600–1350
Authors: Standen Naomi
Published: November 2019

We are still working out how to do global history, especially for pre-modern periods. How do we achieve the necessary shift in scale without falling back on standard definitions of categories like states, ethnicity, religion, urbanisation, when these are increasingly challenged at the specialist level? This article sets out an approach that could help pre-modern historians ‘going global’ to challenge claims that ‘there is no alternative’ to modern frameworks such as neoliberal economics, and especially the nation-state. Useful alternative techniques include thinking in layers rather than blocks, not seeking narrative arcs, and not using words like ‘China’. These methods are illustrated with analysis of three Liao dynasty (907–1125) cities and three comparators from neighbouring states to the north, south and east of the Liao. The intention is to disrupt the re-emergence in the new venue of global history of essentially national narratives, using the opportunities presented by pre-modern worlds before nation-states to free us from teleological concepts. This article argues that there is indeed an alternative to the putative precursors of modern nation-states, and offers a framework for doing without them.