bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of cytomegalovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction assays of fecal and plasma specimens for diagnosing cytomegalovirus colitis
Authors: Sattayalertyanyong Onuma , Limsrivilai Julajak , Phaophu Phutthaphorn , Subdee Nichcha , Horthongkham Navin , Pongpaibul Ananya , Angkathunyakul Napat , Chayakulkeeree Methee , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai
Published: February 2023

Background:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in plasma or stool may facilitate detection of CMV colitis.

Study design:

This prospective study enrolled 117 patients with clinically suspected CMV colitis. Patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms and having increased risk for CMV infection were eligible. All participants underwent colonoscopy with tissue biopsy. Five patients underwent colonoscopy twice due to clinical recurrence, resulting in a total of 122 colonoscopies. Stool and plasma CMV-PCR were performed within 7 days before/after colonoscopy. Twenty asymptomatic volunteers also underwent the same protocol.

Results:

Twenty-seven (23.1%) of 122 colonoscopies yielded positive for CMV colitis. The sensitivity and specificity was 70.4% and 91.6% for stool CMV-PCR, and 66.7% and 94.7% for plasma CMV-PCR, respectively. The sensitivity of either positive plasma or positive stool CMV-PCR was 81.5%, which is significantly higher than that of plasma CMV-PCR alone (p=0.045). On the other hand, positive results from both tests yielded a specificity of 95.8%, which is significantly higher than that of stool CMV-PCR alone (p=0.045). There was a good and significant correlation between stool CMV-PCR and plasma CMV-PCR (r=0.71, p<0.01), and both tests significantly correlated with the cytomegalic cell count (r=0.62, p<0.01 for stool, and r=0.64, p<0.01 for plasma). There were no positive stool or plasma CMV-PCR assays among volunteers.

Conclusion:

The results of this study strongly suggest that the combination of stool CMV-PCR and plasma CMV-PCR can be used to confidently rule in (both positive) or rule out (both negative) a diagnosis of CMV colitis.
Digital Therapeutics: Emerging New Therapy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zhou Run , Gu Yunpeng , Zhang Binbin , Kong Tingting , Zhang Wei , Shi Junping
Published: February 2023

The increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is particularly worrisome, as no medication has been approved to treat the disease. Lifestyle modifications aimed at promoting weight loss and weight maintenance remain the current first-line treatment for NAFLD. However, due to the lack of standard and scientific guidance and out-of-hospital supervision, long-term outcomes of lifestyle interventions for patients with NAFLD are often unsatisfactory.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic aggravated this dilemma. At the same time, digital therapeutics (DTx) are expected to be a new method for the convenient management and treatment of NAFLD patients and are attracting a great deal of attention. DTx, which provide evidence-based medicine through software programs for remote intervention in preventing, treating, or managing diseases, overcome the drawbacks of traditional treatment. The efficacy of the approach has already been demonstrated for some chronic diseases, but DTx have not been fully developed for NAFLD. This study reviews the concepts, clinical value, and practical applications related to DTx, with an emphasis on recommendations based on unmet needs for NAFLD. A better understanding of the current state will help clinicians and researchers develop high-quality, standardized and efficient DTx products, with the aim of optimizing the prognosis of patients with NAFLD.
Identification of CD8+ T cell - immune cell communications in ileal Crohn’s disease
Authors: Duong Han G. , Choi Eunice J. , Hsu Paul , Chiang Natalie R. , Patel Shefali A. , Olvera Jocelyn G. , Liu Yi Chia , Lin Yun Hsuan , Yao Priscilla , Wong William H. , Indralingam Cynthia S. , Tsai Matthew S. , Boland Brigid S. , Wang Wei , Chang John T.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a major subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a spectrum of chronic intestinal disorders caused by dysregulated immune responses to gut microbiota. Although transcriptional and functional changes in a number of immune cell types have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, the cellular interactions and signals that drive these changes have been less well-studied.

METHODS:

We performed Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) on peripheral blood, colon, and ileal immune cells derived from healthy subjects and patients with Crohn’s disease. We applied a previously published computational approach, NicheNet, to predict immune cell types interacting with CD8+ T cell subsets, revealing putative ligand-receptor pairs and key transcriptional changes downstream of these cell-cell communications (CCC).

RESULTS:

As a number of recent studies have revealed a potential role for CD8+ T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IBD, we focused our analyses on identifying the interactions of CD8+ T cell subsets with other immune cells in the intestinal tissue microenvironment. We identified ligands and signaling pathways that have implicated in IBD, such as IL-1β, supporting the validity of the approach, along with unexpected ligands, such as granzyme B, that may play previously unappreciated roles in IBD.

DISCUSSION:

Overall, these findings suggest that future efforts focused on elucidating CCC among immune and non-immune cell types may further our understanding of IBD pathogenesis.
Creating hope in dystopia: Utopia as Method as social pedagogy in early childhood studies
Authors: Gallagher Stuart , Stobbs Nicola
Published: February 2023

Those who choose to engage with the academic world of early childhood are frequently caught between encouraging students to advocate for children and contribute to the construction of a good life and navigating the regulatory frameworks that shape future practice. In short, we must prepare students for the highly skilled work of supporting people who live their lives in day-to-day actions that are underpaid, under-resourced and overlooked. Those who prepare students for this reality are tasked with developing programmes that both instil hope and pragmatism that will sustain them when faced with these everyday realities. This article outlines how the authors addressed this through an adapted use ofUtopia as Methodin a module on an early childhood degree. By following its distinct modes, students are guided to position themselves not as passive observants of a childhood that is socially constructed around them, but as social and political actors engaged with making human beings human. Among other issues the article evaluates the intersection between social pedagogy, utopia and the future of early childhood. Based on explorations undertaken for this article, we argue that the imaginative reconstruction of childhood through higher education is at ease with the values and purpose of social pedagogy. We reflect that, while the method employed as part of a module was useful in terms of personal development and future-oriented practice, the need to include children’s voices is yet to be developed.
Peran Romansa El-Hakim sebagai Pelopor Moderasi Beragama di MAN 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Prasetyahadi Wiranto
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran romansa El-Hakim sebagai pelopor moderasi bergama di MAN 1 Yogyakarta.

Metode – Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan pendeketan penelitian kualitatif deskriftif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumetasi. Terakhir, analisis data menggunakan reduksi, penyajian, dan pengambilan kesimpulan data dengan triangulasi sebagai kroscek keabsahan data.

Hasil – Temuan lapangan dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rohis MAN 1 Yogyakarta atau disebut Romansa El-Hakim sebagai organisasi keagamaan berperan dalam mewujudkan karakter moderasi beragama, berupaya merancang berbagai program kerja dan kegiatan yang mampu mengenalkan serta memahamkan moderasi beragama kepada warga madrasah. Tidak hanya mewujudkan karakter tiap anggota Rohis MAN 1 Yogyakarta, namun juga menjadi agen-agen muslim yang baik dan teladan bagi warga madrasah. Itu menunjukkan bahwa Romansa El-Hakim menjadi al-Qudwah, mempelopori sekitarnya untuk bersikap moderat. Melalui organisasi ini terlahirkan generasi yang berkarakter dan  mampu membawa kejayaan Negara Republik Indonesia.
Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Materi Iklan Siswa Kelas V-A MI Negeri 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Suhartiningsih Tri
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning materi iklan media cetak siswa kelas V-A MI Negeri 1 Yogyakarta.

Metode – Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan sekolah yang terdiri dari 2 siklus meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V A MIN 1 Yogyakarta. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan dalam 4 tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode analisis diskriptif.

Hasil – Dalam penelitian ini,  diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut, pada saat siklus I rata-rata hasil tes akhir evaluasi siswa adalah 77% dengan banyak siswa yang tuntas hanya 23 siswa dari 30 siswa, dan setelah dilakukannya tindakan siklus II nilai rata-rata siswa mengalami peningkatan yaitu 90% dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas 27 dari 30 siswa. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian di MI Negeri 1 Yogyakarta telah tercapai dengan baik.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning dengan software Geogebra Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Suritno Suritno
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika dengan menerapkan model  Discovery Learning dan sofware Geogebra  pada peserta didik kelas IX B MTsN 5 Sleman yang berjumlah 32 anak,  tahun pelajaran 2022/2023, untuk materi Trasformasi geometri.

Metode – Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan sekolah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan mengacu pada model John Elliot yang terdiri perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi.  Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri dari tes formatif, lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan lembar observasi aktivitas peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode analisis diskriptif.

Hasil – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model Discovery Learning dan sofware Geogebra dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil observasi aktivitas guru dalam kategori baik dan peserta didik dalam  kategori cukup baik  pada siklus I dan aktivitas keduanya meningkat menjadi amat baik pada siklus II. Selain itu, hasil tes formatif pada siklus I ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 53,10% meningkat menjadi 84,30% pada siklus II. Hal ini berarti bahwa penelitian yang dilaksanakan dikatakan berhasil sesuai dengan kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Menyusun Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Hots Melalui Workshop di MIN 2 Sleman
Authors: Wahyuni Tri
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun intrumen penilaian berbasis HOTS melalui workshop di MIN 2 Sleman.

Metode – Metode penelitian menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan (Action Research) yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, peaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu dengann menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif.

Hasil – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi awal kemampuan guru dalam menyusun instrument penilaian kurang baik, dengan skor rata-rata 68 dan masuk dalam kualifikasi cukup. Siklus pertama menunjukkan hasil angka nilai rata-rata 74 dan menunjukkan kualifikasi cukup. Siklus kedua menunjukkan hasil angka nilai rata-rata 84 dengan kualifikasi baik. Dapat disimpulkaan berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan bahwa workshop dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian di MIN 2 Sleman. Selanjutnya peneliti merekomendasikan: (1) bagi guru yang mendapatkan kesulitan dalam penyusunan instrumen penilaian dapat melaksanakan diskusi dan praktik intensif berbasis KKG perjenjang. (2) Agar hasil penyusunan lebih maksimal, pelatihan penyusunan secara intensif dan berkelanjutan perlu dilakukan.
Polemik Tidak Dipulangkannya Kembali WNI Eks-ISIS ke Indonesia ditinjau dari Perspektif HAM dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Dzulqornain Rizqo
Published: February 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia. Disamping itu Indonesia juga merupakan negara hukum. Maka menjadi suatu keniscayaan bagi negara untuk menjalankan segala aktivitas kenegaraan berdasar pada hukum, tak terkecuali dalam menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Pro-kontra terjadi ketika negara telah memutuskan untuk tidak memulangkan kembali WNI eks-ISIS ke Indonesia. Tidak dipulangkannya kembali WNI eks-ISIS ibarat dua sisi koin yang saling bertolak belakang. Disatu sisi WNI eks-ISIS tidak dipulangkan sebagai akibat dari adanya pembatasan hak oleh negara. Disisi lain, WNI eks-ISIS tidak dipulangkan sebagai akibat dari pengangkangan atas hak beragama yang telah dijamin oleh negara. Pembatasan hak yang dilakukan oleh negara adalah legal atau sah secara hukum, meski pembatasan tersebut dinilai berlebihan oleh sejumlah pihak.
Threshold dan Masa Depan Demokrasi di Indonesia
Authors: Fadlillah Istiqomah
Published: February 2023

Abstrak: Pemilihan umum merupakan isntrumen penting dalam negara demokrasi dengan sistem perwakilan, perkembangan pemilihan umum dalam konsep demokrasi Indonesia membawa threshold pada setiap sistem bentuk pemilihan umum, mulai dari electoral treshold sebagai syarat partai politik dapat ikut serta dalam Pemilu, parliamentary treshold sebagai bentuk ambang batas partai untuk menduduki kursi parlemen pusat, sehingga presidential treshold sebagai ambang batas suara partai untuk mengusung calon presiden dan wakil presiden dalam pemilihan, lahirnya aturan ambang batas diwarnai dengan berbagai polemik di masyarakat yang menanggapi secara pro dan kontra terkait aturan tersebut perdebatan panjang dalam menentukan ambang batas pencalonan presiden dan wakil presiden terjadi cukup alot pada saat pembahasan Rancangan RUU Pemilu, pemilihan umum diselenggarakan sebagai pengakuan atas hak setiap warga negara dijamin dalam konstitusi. Partisipasi rakyat dalam politik merupakan salah satu syarat sosial yang urgent dari pemerintahan yang demokratis. Sebab kedaulatan rakyat dalam sistem demokrasi tercermin dalam ungkapan sistem pemerintahan dari rakyat oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat, “government of the people by the people for the people”, dengan tujuan utama memberikan kebahagiaan yang sebesar-sebesarnya kepada rakyat. Sehingga threshold berpotensi menimbulkan pelanggaran hak konstitusional warga negara yang dijamin konstitusi.
Tantangan Pembangunanan dan Hukum di Indonesia Pasca Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Kusuma M. Aldi Jaya
Published: February 2023

Pembangunan merupakan keadaan suatu negara yang sedang memiliki berbagai macam permasalahan dalam aspek baik itu aspek dari struktur sosial, perubahan-perubahan dalam sikap hidup yang ada di masyarakat, perubahan dalam kelembagaan dalam sistem bernegara. bahkan, pembangunan suatau negara juga adanya evolusi dalam peningkatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ekonomi, pengurangan ketimpangan inkam pendapatan nasional suatu negara, peningkatan taraf kesehatan dan taraf pendidikan serta tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan metode penelitian Pustaka dengan menggunakan pendekatan analysis content, metode penelitian pustaka adalah pendekatan studi yang mempelajari dan menggunakan berbagai buku sebagai referensi serta menggunakan dan menganalisis hasil penelitian yang telah ada sebelumnya dan sejenis. Nantinya dapat berguna untuk memperoleh landasan teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis mengenai masalah yang akan diteliti. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode kualitatif yang merupakan metode untuk mendapatkan data-data yang mendalam serta suatu data yang mengandung makna. Yang dalam hal ini adalah data mengenai permasalahan ekonomi, pembangunan serta aturan-aturan hukum yang ada pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah teori hukum pembengunan yang nantinya di gunkan untuk menganalisa fenomena yang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis mengenai Dampak sosial serta ekonomi yang ada di seluruh dunia bahkan Indonesia dampak dari pandemic Covid-19 ini membuat semua sektor pemerintahan, dari tingkat daerah bahkan hingga tingkat nasional untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap rencana atau plan pembangunan yang telah disetujui unutk dilaksanakan. Terutama rencana atau plan yang telah tertuang didalam dokumen-dokumen perencanaan dan anggaran yang pada saat itu dalam penyususnan sama sekali tidak memperhitungkan pandemi yang melanda seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Adaptasi dan pengambilan kebijakan yang terukur dalam mengatasi wabah corona akan menjadi titik awal yang bagus untuk pemulihan suatu negara.
Análise textual dos espelhos das redações de candidatos que realizaram a videoprova em Libras do Enem - 2017
Authors: Rocha Luiz Renato Martins da , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo objetiva a análise do conteúdo do espelho (versão digitalizada do texto original) de 50 redações elaboradas por candidatos que realizaram a videoprova em Libras do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - Enem (2017). A seleção de 50 redações ocorreu de forma randomizada, cujas notas variaram entre 0 a 980 pontos - e a análise qualitativa, via software Iramuteq, qualificou o estudo e trouxe clareza sobre os temas tratados nas redações. Em síntese, mesmo se tratando de um tema familiar aos candidatos, uma vez que analisamos redações de quem fez a videoprova era sobre a pessoa surda, ao que aparece, isso não colaborou para o alcance de uma nota acima da média desses candidatos. Além disso, destaca-se que a acessibilidade tem sido recorrentemente negada a esse público no cotidiano da Educação Básica, e isso faz com que seu desempenho, mesmo quando ofertada prova em Libras e redação sobre seus desafios educacionais, seja abaixo da média nacional, não favorecendo seu ingresso no curso superior desejado.
Braking and attitude control of lunar lander in active descent stage
Authors: Luo Leru , Bao Changchun
Published: February 2023

China officially launched the lunar exploration project, named “Chang’e Project,” in 2004. Then, in 2013, Chang’e-3 completed the soft landing on the lunar surface, starting a series of studies on the soft landing of spacecraft. This study aims to optimize the dynamic flight guidance and attitude control of the lunar landing module represented by Chang’e-3 in the soft landing stage. After analyzing the attitude control requirements of the soft landing stage of the lunar landing module, this study designs the lunar soft landing process under a variable structure sliding mode (VSSM) control. The study also analyzes the influence of the pulse width modulator (PWM) on the soft landing process. The simulation model of the lunar soft landing guidance and control system is established by MATLAB/Simulink, and the traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control mode is compared with the interference condition. Results show that VSSM + PWM is superior to PID in robustness and accuracy and has a theoretical reference value for future lunar landing exploration and even Mars landing exploration.
Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Chen Bin-Qiong , Luo Wei-Wen , Lin Wen-Jie , Zhuang Wei , Li Shi-Lin
Published: February 2023

Angiosarcoma is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma with identifiable vascular differentiation. It can occur at any age and develop throughout the body, but it is most commonly found in skin, soft, and breast tissues. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma is rarely reported in the relevant literature. This article reports a case of primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma in a middle-aged man, with the relevant literature reviewed in detail. A 46-year-old male had experienced left waist pain for 2 months. An ultrasonic examination revealed a mass in the left retroperitoneum, and left retroperitoneal lesions were confirmed via computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor was removed surgically, and the CT scan revealed local tumor recurrence after 1 month when the first adjuvant therapy was performed. The patient died of a massive hemorrhage from a ruptured tumor. Angiosarcoma has high malignancy and a poor prognosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment significantly impact the long-term survival rate of patients.
Bundles of trust? Examining the relationships between media repertoires, institutional trust, and social contexts
Authors: Verboord Marc
Published: February 2023

How the media influence the trust that citizens have in institutions such as politics and science seems more important than ever, given the decline of institutional trust in Western societies, and the increasingly diversified media landscape. This paper focuses on the relationship between media repertoires, institutional trust, and two socializing contexts (parents, social networks). Applying Latent Class Analysis, this paper examines (a) how parental socialization and social networks predict membership of media repertoires, and (b) how repertoires are associated with levels of institutional trust. Outcomes reveal five distinct media repertoires, among which the emerging type of cross-media news consumers. Membership of repertoires is associated with both parental socialization and social networks. There are clear differences in the levels of institutional trust among media repertoires: Popular media omnivores and quality news consumers have the most trust; the non-print-oriented the least.
Can media literacy help to promote civic participation? It’s not quite that simple
Authors: Bucholtz Ianis , Silkāne Vineta , Dāvidsone Agnese
Published: February 2023

A number of previous studies have documented the link between media literacy and civic or political participation, and some researchers argue that the advancement of media literacy may encourage citizens to take part in addressing various issues of societal concern. However, the previous studies tend to include relatively few civic or political activities in the measurements and do not demonstrate in detail how different dimensions of media literacy are related to particular forms of participation. This study addresses these issues using survey data from Latvia (N = 871). The results show that a link between media literacy and civic participation exists, but media literacy explains a relatively small variance in civic participation activities. We advocate caution when considering whether media literacy itself promotes civic participation, because other phenomena, which further studies should explore, could contribute to both media literacy and civic participation. While acknowledging the general importance of media literacy, this paper argues that individuals with these skills do not necessarily use them for civic participation, and that increased levels of media literacy may not offset the structural reasons for low civic activity in a society.
Influence of octreotide on apoptosis and metabolome expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced A549 cells
Authors: Ruan Luoyang , Xu Xiaomeng , Cao Jinliang , Xu Xiaohong
Published: February 2023

Lung cancer shows a high rate of incidence and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the influence of octreotide (OCT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis and metabolome expression in A549 cells. After A549 cells were treated by LPS or co-cultured with LPS and OCT, cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC/MS) were subjected to determine the differently expressed metabolites, and the interaction network was constructed. Results found that OCT promoted the apoptosis of A549 cells and significantly affected LPS-regulated cell apoptosis. Following the further investigation by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the metabolites with different expression levels were obtained, and most of which belong to amino acids, phospholipids, organic acid, and saccharides. Fourteen components with the role of the marker metabolites included serotonin, indole, threonine, serine, glucose, phenylalanine, lactose, fumarate, 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, aspartate, asparagine, putrescine, proline, and succinate. It is indicated that OCT promotes apoptosis through five metabolism pathways and 14 key metabolism elements in A549 cells.
Approaching Transcultural Communication and the Global South: A Conversation With Prof. Herman Wasserman
Authors: Wasserman Herman , Li Hangwei
Published: February 2023

Herman Wasserman is a Professor of Journalism at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He has published widely on media, ethics and democracy in Africa and has consulted for organizations such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization and the Centre for International Media Assistance and given keynote addresses and invited lectures at universities worldwide. He has been a visiting scholar at Indiana University, Tsinghua University, the University of Houston and the Ludwig–Maximilian University. His awards include the Georg Foster Prize from the German Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, a Fulbright Fellowship, amongst others. He is often quoted in international media and serves on the editorial boards of more than fifteen international scholarly journals. He is Editor-in-Chief of the African Journalism Studies and the Annals of the International Communication Association. He is a Fellow of the International Communication Association and an elected member of the Academy of Science of South Africa. In this interview, Wasserman talks about international inequality in communication and media studies, the importance of decolonizing communication studies, and the need to include more vantage points from the Global South in communication scholarship and knowledge production in general. Wasserman also discusses about the importance of revisiting indigenous philosophy while alerting us against romanticizing or essentializing these philosophies. He further talks about his recent works on media ethics, disinformation, and how they connect to the wider debate on topics such as information disorder in the Global South.
Flexible control of an ultrastable levitated orbital micro-gyroscope through orbital-translational coupling
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Wang Xia , Liu Jiaming , Li Shuai , Li Nan , Hu Huizhu
Published: February 2023

Introducing rotational degree of control into conventional optical tweezers promises unprecedented possibilities in physics, optical manipulation, and life science. However, previous rotational schemes have largely relied upon the intrinsic properties of microsphere anisotropy—such as birefringence or amorphous shape—which involves sophisticated fabrication processes and is limited in their application range. In this study, we demonstrated the first experimental realization of orbiting a homogeneous microsphere by exploiting angular momentum in a transversely rotating optical trap. The high level of rotational control allows us to explore orbital-translational coupling and realize an ultra-stable micro-gyroscope of considerable value. The dynamics of orbital levitated particle was theoretically characterized using a simple model. Our proposed method provided a novel way to qualitatively characterize optical trap features. In the future, the approach could pave the way for investigating rotational opto-mechanics, rotational ground state cooling, and the study of ultra-sensitive angular measurement.
Supercontinuum in integrated photonics: generation, applications, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Brès Camille-Sophie , Della Torre Alberto , Grassani Davide , Brasch Victor , Grillet Christian , Monat Christelle
Published: February 2023

Frequency conversion in nonlinear materials is an extremely useful solution to the generation of new optical frequencies. Often, it is the only viable solution to realize light sources highly relevant for applications in science and industry. In particular, supercontinuum generation in waveguides, defined as the extreme spectral broadening of an input pulsed laser light, is a powerful technique to bridge distant spectral regions based on single-pass geometry, without requiring additional seed lasers or temporal synchronization. Owing to the influence of dispersion on the nonlinear broadening physics, supercontinuum generation had its breakthrough with the advent of photonic crystal fibers, which permitted an advanced control of light confinement, thereby greatly improving our understanding of the underlying phenomena responsible for supercontinuum generation. More recently, maturing in fabrication of photonic integrated waveguides has resulted in access to supercontinuum generation platforms benefiting from precise lithographic control of dispersion, high yield, compact footprint, and improved power consumption. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of supercontinuum generation in chip-based platforms, from underlying physics mechanisms up to the most recent and significant demonstrations. The diversity of integrated material platforms, as well as specific features of waveguides, is opening new opportunities, as will be discussed here.
Multi-frequency amplitude-programmable metasurface for multi-channel electromagnetic controls
Authors: Wu Rui Yuan , He Shi , Wu Jun Wei , Bao Lei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2023

The digital and programmable metasurfaces, as opposed to conventional metasurfaces, offer a more sophisticated method of collaborating information and physics, showcasing several real-time controls to electromagnetic (EM) ways in succinct ways. In this work, we propose a multi-frequency amplitude-programmable (MFAP) metasurface with multiple frequency channels to enhance the presentation and manipulation of EM data. With this metasurface, the reflected amplitudes can be simultaneously and independently encoded between high (digit “1”) and low (digit “0”) levels. The amplitude code is unique, which exhibits both reflection coefficients and radiation patterns to allow for flexible multi-functional EM operations with frequency. For instance, the MFAP metasurface can be used to design innovative communication systems by transmitting various EM signals individually across the channels in time domain. It is also possible to carry out multi-bit transmissions by mixing these frequency channels. By introducing complex coding patterns in space domain, it is possible to manipulate EM powers with greater precision. A square-split ring meta-atom that can achieve stable single-frequency amplitude control and multi-frequency 1 bit amplitude-programmable features is described as a proof-of-concept. Varactors loaded on metallic structures of various sizes are switched between operating states to modify the amplitude codes at each frequency channel. The suggested MFAP metasurface’s validity is confirmed by simulations and measurements from a dual-channel MFAP metasurface prototype.
Coherent control of symmetry breaking in transverse-field Ising chains using few-cycle pulses
Authors: Klimkin Nikolai D. , Rubtsov Alexey N. , Ivanov Misha
Published: February 2023

Coherent control of quantum systems with phase-stable pulses offers enticing new opportunities for lightwave electronics. Here we extend this approach to many-body systems with spin degrees of freedom, demonstrating that a single few-cycle control pulse can create a sizable population asymmetry between the two degenerate polar ground states of the Ising model. This opens a route for femtosecond-scale data processing and storage, allowing one to control the final ground state of a correlated system in an all-optical way.
A comprehensive review and clinical guide to molecular and serological diagnostic tests and future development: In vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19
Authors: Areerob Yonrapach , Sagadevan Suresh , Oh Won-Chun
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is a contagious syndrome caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that requires rapid diagnostic testing to identify and manage in the affected persons, characterize epidemiology, and promptly make public health decisions and manage the virus present in the affected person and promptly make public health decisions by characterizing the epidemiology. Technical problems, especially contamination occurring during manual real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), can result in false-positive NAAT results. In some cases, RNA detection technology and antigen testing are alternatives to RT-PCR. Sequencing is vital for tracking the SARS-CoV-2 genome’s evolution, while antibody testing is beneficial for epidemiology. SARS-CoV-2 testing can be made safer, faster, and easier without losing accuracy. Continued technological advancements, including smartphone integration, will help in the current epidemic and prepare for the next. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided disease and pandemic management at an early stage. These nanotechnology-based analytical tools can be used to quickly diagnose COVID-19. The SPOT system is used to diagnose the coronavirus quickly, sensibly, accurately, and with portability. The SPOT assay consists of RT-LAMP, followed by pfAgo-based target sequence detection. In addition, SPOT system was used to detect both positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 samples. This combination of speed, precision, sensitivity, and mobility will allow for cost-effective and high-volume COVID-19 testing.
GLOMMING TO GLOOM: THE RAGING PERIL OF DRUG ABUSE AND TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ajiboye Babatope Matthew
Published: February 2023

Drug abuse has long taken center stage among youths, adults, and the aged in Nigeria. However, rising apprehension is built on the mammoth surge of cartel groups, organised syndicates, and modish brokers, who are utterly engrossed in or specialised in drug trafficking, within and outside the country. According to logical assessment, revenue from drug trafficking is not only an incentive for existing subscribers, but also an incentive for new entrants into this business. In addition to the danger this practice poses to the continued existence of the country, a multiplier effect will reverberate through society in the near future. Hence, this article interrogates the characters, trends, techniques, and drives responsible for the surge in drug trafficking practices in the country, using Albert Bandura’s social learning theory as the substratum of rationalisation. The article submits that, if concerted efforts are not made to reduce drug abuse, discourage trafficking trends, and halt the flow, Nigeria may well be on the verge of unprecedented crime, ultra-catch-22, and epic violence that have never been experienced.
Authentic Possibilities
Authors: Krause Elizabeth L.
Published: February 2023

This article argues for the value of authenticity as an analytic. “Authentic possibilities” plays on a double meaning. In one sense, possibilities may be “authentic” in terms of what is true, real, original, grounded, or not fake. In another sense, authenticity as a concept may offer possibilities for analysts to notice how value is created. This article draws on long-term as well as disrupted ethnographic research in the Made in Italy arena across two sectors—slow figs and fast fashion—to theorize authentic possibilities. Fieldwork disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic opened conceptual space to propose a nonbinary approach to authenticities. In breaking from the authentic–inauthentic binary and taking inspiration from artisanal producers of figs, the article offers authenticities as an analytic to illuminate uncommon lessons. Fig producers straddle discipline and improvisation, sustaining and generating novel and nuanced forms of authenticity. The taste of authenticity may be unpredictable and even at odds with tradition. The article draws inspiration from theorists who signal authenticity’s dynamic qualities whether through the slowness of food (Grasseni 2017), the realness of food (Weiss 2012), the emplacement of value (Cavanaugh and Shankar 2014), the power of reverse engineering terroir (Paxson 2010), and “stifling” aspects of authenticity (Gross 2020). The article is structured around four heterogenous instruments: place, fieldwork, discipline, and vulnerability. Takeaways propose possibilities and limits of authenticity for critical food studies.
Crafting Futures through Cheese-Making in Val Taleggio (Northern Italy)
Authors: Grasseni Cristina
Published: February 2023

The politics of scale is the main issue within and around debates on whether geographical indications are the best strategy to support local economies. Two PDO cheeses are made in Val Taleggio. While Taleggio PDO has outscaled the valley and its interests, Strachìtunt PDO was reinvented to be at scale for the valley’s producers. I explain the two-step transition in the producers’ communicative strategy, from a language of heritage cheese and its “prestige” to a multispecies language that stresses the importance of a “working landscape” as a value in itself, focusing in particular on the producers’ post-COVID-19 manifesto as “keepers of molds.” Guardianship emerges from it as a new form of authenticity that does not run in the strictures of terroir-discourse. The article thus spells out which role authenticity plays in the politics of scale and how it contributes to the small-scale producers’ dilemma of how to craft a future for themselves and their communities. I contextualize this vis-a-vis secondary sources that also stress the conceptual and political creativity of cheese-makers’ strategies to revitalize regional (dairy) economies. Food producers are experimenting with new ways of mobilizing heritage to claim guardianship of their trade, craft, and territory. A transnational producer discourse emerges through a redesign of food heritage, front-staging the ecological meaning of craft.
Kitchen Bytes
Authors: Ketchum Alex
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the history of kitchen computers and robots in the United States in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Kitchen computers are programmable devices located in kitchens that perform logical operations and are often equipped with software to aid in cooking. However, as discussed in this article, marketers and journalists tend to anthropomorphize kitchen computers in descriptions and discuss these kitchen computers as if they are robots. Robots are machines that are programmable by a computer, which can carry out a complex series of actions automatically. Kitchen robots, therefore, are related to kitchen computers yet are not the same thing. In the cultural imaginary, including in movies, television, and advertisements, kitchen robots represent the desire for leisure, luxury, and a reprieve from the burdens of cooking. However, the development of these technologies and their surrounding discourse were more complicated than films and computer magazines made them out to be. Kitchen robots and computers are typically coded as white and female. Their marketing promotes a retrofuturist vision in which outdated gender models are projected onto contemporary—or even emerging—technologies that reinscribe sexist, racist, and heterosexist stereotypes. While the promise of kitchen computers and robots seems progressive, these technologies do not threaten the gendered division of household cooking. Instead, these devices offered women a reprieve from the drudgery of kitchen tasks through a capitalist solution: a product buys a woman’s reprieve rather than upending the nuclear heterosexual family and redefining household roles that create a more equitable division of housework.
The Map and the Menu
Authors: Allmendinger Blake
Published: February 2023

This article considers Bernard DeVoto’s defense of Frederick Jackson Turner’s influential essay, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893). DeVoto and other western historians championed Turner’s thesis celebrating westward expansion and Manifest Destiny at the same time that Julia Child was living in France, writing Mastering the Art of French Cooking (1961). While a group of heterosexual males were reviving Turner’s account of the US frontier experience in the mid–twentieth century, Child—along with a cohort of female collaborators and several gay men writing back home in the states—were positing a non-isolationist vision of America and a more cosmopolitan imaginary of its relations with other countries. They did so by writing about seemingly apolitical subjects, such as European cuisine and mixed alcoholic concoctions called “cocktails,” during World War II and the Cold War era.
Making Belgian Big Science
Authors: Brookhuis Hein
Published: February 2023

This article explores the history of the MYRRHA research reactor currently under construction at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN). The article demonstrates that the construction of large instruments has obtained an essential role in the moral economy of modern nuclear laboratories. First, an analysis on the internal discussion within the research center reveals how MYRRHA’s transformation from a commercially oriented project into a transmutation machine was primarily characterized by the wish to upscale the project. Second, a focus on the European research landscape demonstrates how European collaboration led to further upscaling of the project, having to address technological requirements to fit into the European roadmaps. Third, an emphasis on the interaction between MYRRHA and the Belgian political and public sphere shows how MYRRHA was constructed in a narrative that made the project seem essential to the future of the nuclear research center. Based on archival material and background interviews with key players, this article contributes to our understanding of the development of Big Science in the post–Cold War era in western Europe.
Experimental investigations for the effect of sonication time on nanophase change material (sodium carbonate decahydrate with alumina nanoparticles) used in solar energy storage system
Authors:   Research Scholar,Dept. of Mechanical Engg, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India, Mohamed Ferozdheen S. S. , Kailasanathan C. ,   Professor, Centre for Materials Research, Dept. of Mechanical Engg, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudhunagar, India, Pandian P. P. ,   Professor, PSN College of Engineering and Technology,Tirunelveli, India
Published: February 2023

In this work, the execution of experimental investigations is to agree on the warm conductivity resting on the entire concept of a solar vigor storage gadget with relatively a numeral Al2O3 nanoparticles volume fraction in SCD-PCM and the effects of few physical limits. The usage of ultrasonically helps uses of Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersing them into SCD base fluids for making geared up Nano-PCM for a somewhat numeral period from 0 to 180 minutes. This work summarizes the crucial conclusion associated with a relative quantity consequence for constraints similar to the particles extant division, size of the particle, sonication time, the temperature of Nano-PCMs, and surfactants deliver on warm conductivity for Nano-PCM. Its resolute enhancement on warm conductivity is incredibly more suitable than that to the support fluid. The thermal conductivity suggests that growth with the adding up of nanoparticles additionally confirms 22.00 % viable improvement in support fluids. The upshot of sonication is complicated brain waves; to make contributions higher in enrichment on thermal conductivity. In this study, since rising the time of sonication, upgrading of the thermal conductivity of Nano-PCM is distinguished. Investigating facts point out the Nano-PCM’s thermal conductivity to amplify with temperature and minimizes (limit) with the size of the particle. Adding up surfactant outcomes is part of the increment in viscosity. Its positions that rising the time of ultrasonication with power effects is greater dispersed additional secure nanofluids in the direction increasing thermal conductivity. It establishes that the use of the ultrasonic horn /probe devices is sizable compact higher super than ultrasonic tub devices; decline time of ultrasonication also electrical strength leads to higher results. Our results present that the ultrasonic wave has the prime effect on the homogeneity and measurement of Al2O3 nanoparticles, thermal conductivity, particle shape, and surfactants
Direct growth of MoS2-Ni3S2 core-shell nanowire array on nickel foam as a bifunctional electrode for supercapacitor and electro-oxidation of methanol
Authors:   Department of Convergence Engineering Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea, Poudel M. B. , Kim A. A. ,   Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejeon, South Korea
Published: February 2023

Herein, molybdenum sulfide-nickel sulfide (MoS2-Ni3S2) core shell nanowires were directly grown on nickel foam by one step hydrothermal process. The MoS2-Ni3S2 was employed as electrode for supercapacitor electrode and methanol oxidation. The MoS2- Ni3S2 electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of 792 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g1 in a three electrode cell configuration in 1 M KOH electrolyte and maintained the current density up to 168.7 A g -1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte mixes with 0.5 M methanol. This work confirmed the suitability of the transition metal sulfides for energy storage and electrooxidation of methanol.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FUNCTIONALIZED 2-(FERROCENYLMETHYLAMINO) BENZONITRILE BY ZnO NANOPARTICLE USING 3 AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE(APTES)
Authors:   University of KasdiMerbah Ouargla,Faculty of Mathematics and Material Science, Laboratory of Valuation and Promotion for Saharan Resources(VPRS) , Ghardaia route ,BP511,30000,Ouargla, Algeria, TRIA S. , AHMEDI R. ,   University of El Oued ,(VTRS) Laboratory, B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was study the interaction between 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and ZNO@APTES@2- (ferrocenylmethylamino)benzonitrile and Galic acide Then determination of binding parameters like binding constant and binding free energy The determination of binding constant and binding free energy is based upon the decrease in absorbance of the electronic absorption spectrum .The ZNs was synthesise according to chemical method. The characterizations of ZnO NPs were measured by FTIR and X-ray diffraction.