bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeria is prevented by progerin elimination in vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells
Authors: Benedicto Ignacio , Carmona Rosa M. , Barettino Ana , Espinós-Estévez Carla , Gonzalo Pilar , Nevado Rosa M. , de la Fuente-Pérez Miguel , Andrés-Manzano María J. , González-Gómez Cristina , Rolas Loïc , Dorado Beatriz , Nourshargh Sussan , Hamczyk Magda R. , Andrés Vicente
Published: April 2024

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by the expression of progerin, a mutant protein that accelerates aging and precipitates death. Given that atherosclerosis complications are the main cause of death in progeria, here, we investigated whether progerin-induced atherosclerosis is prevented in
HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2
and
HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre
mice with progerin suppression in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively.
HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2
mice were undistinguishable from
HGPSrev
mice with ubiquitous progerin expression, in contrast with the ameliorated progeroid phenotype of
HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre
mice. To study atherosclerosis, we generated atheroprone mouse models by overexpressing a PCSK9 gain-of-function mutant. While
HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2
and
HGPSrev
mice developed a similar level of excessive atherosclerosis, plaque development in
HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre
mice was reduced to wild-type levels. Our studies demonstrate that progerin suppression in VSMCs, but not in ECs, prevents exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeroid mice.
Tales of Two Malaysian Chinese Women – Becoming Outdoor Professionals and Paving New Ways in Australia
Authors: Tham Pei Ting , Lee Joanne
Published: April 2024

Two Malaysian women had a dialogue about their respective experiences pursuing a career in the outdoors. Pei Ting Tham is entering her second decade as an outdoor educator, with nine of those years in Australia working with school groups, whereas Joanne Lee is primarily a rock climbing guide and instructor. Both women, with Chinese heritage, grew up in Malaysia but went through very different pathways to end up working and settling in Melbourne. Both women are now engaged in social justice and advocacy work in the outdoors in their respective ways. The conversation centres on their initial beginnings of engaging in the outdoors as women-of-colour, the trials and tribulations of their outdoor career and their work in advocating for diversity and inclusion in the outdoors.

Information

© CAB International 2024
Numerical study on the effects of discharge parameters on vacuum arc plasma
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Yang Wei , Sun Qiang , Dong Ye , Zhang Hantian , Wang Ziming , Liu Zhaohui , Zhou Qianhong
Published: April 2024

Studying the characteristics of vacuum arc plasma within a wide range of discharge parameters is vital for its applications. In this study, specific parameters of vacuum discharge, such as cathode temperature ranging from 6000 to

8000

K

, emitted electron temperature spanning from 0.69 to

2.5

eV

, and arc burning voltage within the range of

16

−

30

V

, have been selected to analyze the effects of these parameters on the cathode erosion, cathode potential drop (CPD), and ion velocity. A validated one-dimensional spherical PIC–DSMC cathode spot model is employed to simulate the generation and expansion of vacuum arc plasma. The results indicate that increasing the cathode temperature and the emitted electron temperature enhance the cathode eroded mass. However, this mass diminishes as the arc voltage increases due to more Cu ions and Cu atoms returning to the cathode under high CPD and charge exchange collisions, respectively. The cathode current density remains nearly constant within the explored range of cathode temperature, but increases with shifting the emitted electron temperature and arc voltage. A higher cathode current density, coupled with the positive cathode plasma resistance, induces a higher CPD that significantly surpasses the cathode sheath voltage. Furthermore, a higher ion velocity is observed at increased arc voltage due to the higher cathode current density, which generates stronger electron friction for accelerating ions. These findings could be valuable in designing a suitable arc voltage for vacuum electric thrusters to enhance thrust.
Analytical models of the electric field and carrier transit time in the base of bipolar junction transistors
Authors: Cao Jian , Bai Yujie , Yang Jianhong
Published: April 2024

The conventional theory of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) does not clarify the electric field and its effect on the carrier transit in the uniformly doped base region, although the electric field is considered to be a second-order effect at high-level injection. In this study, analytical models of the carrier distribution, electric field, and carrier transit time in the base region are developed without making additional assumptions. It is found that the electric field may change direction, from forward to reverse, as long as the injection level reaches a criterion, affecting the carrier transport behavior. The models are based on the renovated p–n junction theory, provide insight into the carrier transit and are able to cover all levels of injection without the need to handle the low- and high-level injection separately. These models hold significance in retrieving the theoretical integrity of bipolar junction devices, and can be useful for further investigation in structure design, capacitance control, and AC performance optimization of the p–n junction-based device.
Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Guerreiro Fernandes F , Raemaekers M , Freudenburg Z , Ramsey N
Published: April 2024

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to reinstate lost communication faculties. Results from speech decoding studies indicate that a usable speech BCI based on activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) can be achieved using subdurally implanted electrodes. However, the optimal characteristics for a successful speech implant are largely unknown. We address this topic in a high field blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, by assessing the decodability of spoken words as a function of hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal-axis. Approach. Twelve subjects conducted a 7T fMRI experiment in which they pronounced 6 different pseudo-words over 6 runs. We divided the SMC by hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal axis. Classification was performed on in these SMC areas using multiclass support vector machine (SVM). Main results. Significant classification was possible from the SMC, but no preference for the left or right hemisphere, nor for the precentral or postcentral gyrus for optimal word classification was detected. Classification while using information from the cortical surface was slightly better than when using information from deep in the central sulcus and was highest within the ventral 50% of SMC. Confusion matrices where highly similar across the entire SMC. An SVM-searchlight analysis revealed significant classification in the superior temporal gyrus and left planum temporale in addition to the SMC. Significance. The current results support a unilateral implant using surface electrodes, covering the ventral 50% of the SMC. The added value of depth electrodes is unclear. We did not observe evidence for variations in the qualitative nature of information across SMC. The current results need to be confirmed in paralyzed patients performing attempted speech.
Interference Mitigation using Data-driven Sparse Component Analysis
Authors: Deng Wen , Wang Xiang , Huang Zhitao , Xu Qiang
Published: April 2024

To address the challenge of mitigating asynchronous and non-stationary interference under single-channel conditions, we proposes a sparse component analysis interference mitigation method based on the recurrent neural network. This method aims to recover the desired signal from the received time-frequency over-lapped co-channel signal. Unlike previous interference mitigation methods, our proposed method achieves ”end-to-end” signal recovery in the time domain without any priori requirements on the received signals, making it more universal than existing methods. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method and demonstrate its significantly superior mitigation performance compared to existing schemes under different environmental noises, intensities of interfering signals, and generalization test conditions.
Exploring the Connection between Eye Movement Parameters and Eye Fatigue
Authors: Sun Weifeng , Wang Yuqi , Hu Bingliang , Wang Quan
Published: April 2024

Eye fatigue, a prominent symptom of computer vision syndrome (CVS), has gained significant attention in various domains due to the increasing diversification of electronic display devices and their widespread usage scenarios. The COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified the reliance on these devices, leading to prolonged screen time. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing eye movement patterns in discriminating fatigue during the usage of electronic display devices. Eye movement data was collected from subjects experiencing different levels of fatigue, and their fatigue levels were recorded using the T/CVIA-73-2019 scale. The analysis revealed that features related to the pupils demonstrated a high level of confidence and reliability in distinguishing fatigue, especially related to pupil size. However, features associated with fixations, such as fixation duration and frequency, did not significantly contribute to fatigue discrimination. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of subjective awareness on fatigue discrimination. By modifying the experimental settings and considering the subjects’ subjective perception, it was observed that individual consciousness and self-awareness played a crucial role in fatigue discrimination. The implications of these findings extend beyond the field of computer vision syndrome, offering potential applications in developing interventions and strategies to alleviate eye fatigue and promote eye health among individuals who extensively use electronic display devices.
Effects of seawater on the adsorption of xanthate onto galena and sphalerite
Authors: Song Ningbo , Yao Jin , Yin Wanzhong
Published: April 2024

Seawater contains divalent calcium and magnesium cations. Under alkaline conditions, calcium and magnesium ions react with hydroxide ions to form insoluble hydroxyl complexes or hydroxide precipitates. The hydrophilic substances that may be adsorbed on the mineral surface during the flotation process hinder the adsorption of the collector, affecting mineral hydrophobicity, and thus reducing the floatability of the mineral. In this study, the effects of seawater on the adsorption of xanthate onto galena and sphalerite were investigated. The results show that under strong alkaline conditions, seawater has significant and slight adverse effects on sphalerite and galena, respectively. Flotation regulators such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium silicate can eliminate the adverse effect on galena and sphalerite flotation to a certain extent. The mechanisms were revealed through microflotation experiments, contact angle measurements, bubble-particle attachment tests, zeta potential measurements, and XPS analysis.
Low Carbon and High Efficient Utilization of Zinc-bearing Dust in Iron & Steel Industry by Rotary Kiln Process
Authors: Ye Hengdi , Zheng Fuqiang , Li Qian , Shen Weimin , Lu Xingfu , Hu Bing , Liu Chen
Published: April 2024

More than 50 million tons per year of zinc-bearing dust with large amounts of zinc and iron resources is produced by iron and steel smelting in China, which is classified as hazardous solid waste. The zinc-bearing dust is an important secondary resource, in which the zinc and iron can be recycled as raw materials for the iron and zinc industries after separating them. Rotary kiln reduction is one of the main methods for separating zinc and iron from zinc-bearing dust. In this study, the 5 mm composite pellets containing zinc-bearing dust is prepared by forced disturbed pelleting as reduction charge. The rotary kiln system with controllable temperature field and atmosphere field by multi-point quantitative air suppling is used as the main equipment of reduction. This technology can realize the treatment of raw materials with high iron and zinc content in rotary kiln, but also can effectively improve the production efficiency and the quality of zinc oxide powder, reduce the kiln-ringing. Compared with the conventional rotary kiln method, the processing capacity of zinc-bearing dust increase by 30%. The zinc removal ratio reaches 95% and the ZnO content of zinc oxide powder is 53.93 wt.%. The TFe content and ZnO content of reduction product are 60.56 wt.% and 0.25%, respectively. The annual operation ratio of zinc-iron separation by rotary kiln with zinc-bearing dust is 92%. The metallization rate of reduction product is controllable. The reduction product with metallization rate of 65.97% can be used as a sintering raw material, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 187kgce/t. The reduction product with metallization rate of 88% can 1 be used as a converter steelmaking raw material, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 253.1kgce/t.
The transformation behaviour of ZnFe2O4 spinel particles in the CaO-FexO-SiO2-ZnO slag system
Authors: Wang Lihua , Xu Kehua , Wang Huanwen , Chen Shaogang , Yu Zhiqian , Ma Kai , Wu Tao , Xia Longgong
Published: April 2024

Treating zinc hydrometallurgical residues and other Zn-bearing solid waste in direct lead smelting processes has been recognized as the preferred solution for the sustainable development of the lead and zinc industry. However, new technical problems occurred when changing the starting material of lead-making processes, the pyrometallurgical process for treating zinc hydrometallurgical residues and zinc bearing solid waste usually had the CaO-FexO-SiO2-ZnO slag. Along with the increasing of Zn content in the raw material, high ZnO slag formed, and the ZnFe2O4 spinel particles intended to precipitate from the molten slag. The understanding of the particle behaviour of ZnFe2O4 spinel was the core part of monitoring the slag properties. This study investigated the transformation behaviour of zinc ferrite spinel particles and the changes in glassy slag phase through the high-temperature phase equilibrium experimental technique, and the temperature was 1100 °C-1300 °C and the oxygen potential was 10−8 atm – 10−4 atm. It is found that the particle size of ZnFe2O4 spinel in the molten slag increased along with the increasing of the oxygen potential. The Zn/Fe mass ratio in spinel particles decreased when increasing of temperature and it increased when increasing of oxygen potential. The Fe/SiO2 mass ratio and the Zn content in glassy slag phase gradually increased along with increasing temperature and they decreased along with increasing oxygen potential. The growing and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 spinel was essentially a process of material exchange with the glassy slag phase.
A novel leaching process of zinc ferrite and its application in the treatment of zinc leaching residue
Authors: Zhang Limin , Wang Yunyan , Ke Yong , Luo Yongjian , Min Xiaobo , Peng Cong , Li Yun
Published: April 2024

Zinc ferrite is a refractory phase generated in the pyrometallurgical process of zinc and steel production. Much energy is invested in the decomposition of zinc ferrite to recycle zinc since zinc ferrite is difficult to leach. In this work, a novel leaching process targeted at decomposition of zinc ferrite was proposed to save energy and improve metal recovery efficiency. The key of this novel leaching process was the use of copper powder as the reductant. Leaching of zinc ferrite in the presence of copper powder was investigated. The extraction of zinc was 100% when molar ratio of copper to zinc ferrite was 1.5 while the extraction of zinc was only 19.3% without copper. Effects of leaching temperature, acid concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid and reaction time were studied. Under the conditions: 60 °C, ≥ 70 g·L1 H2SO4, the ratio of liquid to solid ≥ 25 mL/g and the molar ratio of copper to zinc ferrite ≥ 1.5 at the open system, the synthetic zinc ferrite was dissolved completely within 60 min. Besides, the zinc ferrite-bearing zinc leaching residue from a roast-leach-electrowin plant was analyzed and leached under the optimal conditions. It was found that most of zinc ferrite in the zinc leaching residue was removed, remaining unreacted lead sulphate in the leached residue. The leaching efficiency of zinc in zinc leaching residue reached 94.2%. The results suggest that copper powder enhanced facile and efficient zinc extraction from zinc ferrite without concentrated acid, high temperature, long reaction time and specific investment. The recyclability of copper and its intrinsic commodity value showed the potential application in industrial zinc and iron containing wastes.
Development and application of matte/speiss/metal thermodynamic database for optimization of processing of drosses, dusts and reverts from lead, zinc and copper production
Authors: Shishin Denis , Shevchenko Maksym , Starykh Roman , Sineva Svetlana , Prostakova Viktoria , Jak Evgueni
Published: April 2024

Detrimental elements such as arsenic and antimony tend to accumulate in dusts and drosses of lead-zinc as well as copper smelters. These by-products are commonly treated in dedicated reductive smelting units producing Cu-rich matte, As-Sb-collecting speiss and Pb-rich metal, as well as liquid slag. Such process would have a complex distribution of elements (Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Sn, Sb, As, Ag, Au, S, etc.) among four liquid phases. Thermodynamic calculations can be used for predictions and optimization of such processes. They must rely on accurate models developed in integration with experimental program. Present study reports results of recent progress in experimental and modelling studies of As, Sb-containing speiss systems and demonstration of calculations relevant for industrial conditions. Experimental methodology consisted of equilibration, quenching and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Calculations were performed using FactSage software and thermodynamic database developed based on the dedicated recent experiments. The main findings of the paper are: a set of binary and ternary diagrams relevant to matte and speiss formation conditions; distribution of Ag and Au among liquid Pb and speiss in key quaternary systems; and distributions of 10 main elements for industrially relevant matte/speiss/metal multicomponent equilibria.
Method for lightning flashover types identification on transmission lines utilizing OPGW optical polarization state signal characteristics
Authors: Guo Yifan , Li Tao , Yin Qi , Fu Shijie , Wei Wei
Published: April 2024

The Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW) has undergone rapid development and has been extensively applied in the realm of intelligent power system status monitoring. This article conducts research on lightning signal waveform in optical fibers within the context of lightning fault location using the OPGW optical polarization state method. A transmission line model is simulated employing ATP-EMTP to capture electrical characteristics when lightning strikes the OPGW. Subsequently, by employing the Faraday magneto-optical effect principle, electrical signals are transformed into optical polarization states within the internal fibers of OPGW. Using such data, the optical signal propagation characteristics when lightning strikes OPGW are deduced. Finally, a method for discerning between induced lightning and direct lightning strikes through the analysis of time-frequency domain characteristics in OPGW. This method addresses the limitation of traditional OPGW lightning monitoring, which is unable to deduce electrical signals, thus achieving precise identification of lightning-induced transient faults in transmission lines.
The tracing algorithm of re-entry vehicle based on SMO
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Wu Xiaohe , Wang Hongjun , Wang Bingchuan , Guo Beibei , Yin Dongfeng
Published: April 2024

The tracing problem of a re-entry vehicle includes the characters of lacking prior information on the target and disturbances. Thus, the classic nonlinear filtering algorithms are not suitable for high-accuracy tracing fields. In order to solve the problem, the tracing algorithm of a re-entry vehicle based on SMO is presented in this paper. SMO stems from the depth research of sliding mode control, which has nice robustness to disturbances and model error. The results of the simulation show that the tracing algorithm based on SMO has high accuracy and nice robustness.
Calibration technique for airborne vibration sensors based on actuators
Authors: Wu Jinxing , Li Tielin , Yan Rong , Li Hong
Published: April 2024

Addressing the challenge of in-situ calibration for onboard vibration sensors in aircraft installations, we propose an online calibration method based on actuators. Leveraging the inverse piezoelectric effect, we employ piezoelectric actuators mounted on the vibration sensors to calibrate vibration signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the influence of the actuator on the energy transfer of the measured sensor’s vibration signal during the calibration process can be negligible, meeting the calibration accuracy requirements of onboard vibration sensors. Through validation experiments, we determine the excitation coefficients of the actuators at different frequencies, subsequently obtaining the sensitivity of the vibration sensors equipped with actuators. The results reveal that within the frequency range, the relative error of sensitivity remains within ±3%, satisfying the relevant calibration requirements. Therefore, the actuator-based online calibration technique offers an efficient means of calibrating onboard vibration sensors, carrying significant practical value.
Experimental study on micro-pump turbine test bed and pump performance under working conditions
Authors: Long Zhe , Xu Ran , Wu Jiawei , Qian Tang , Shu Lingfeng
Published: April 2024

In order to explore the actual performance of a micro-pump turbine under pump conditions, this paper builds a micro-pumped storage test platform based on micro-mixed-flow pump turbine, and then conducts energy characteristics tests in pump conditions and hump region on this basis. The final determination of the hump area range of 10.6 m3/h∼18.2 m3/h; When the flow rate is 52 m3/h, the pump turbine efficiency reaches the maximum 81.91%, and the head is 16.683 m. In the test, it is found that when the unit runs to the hump area, the noise and vibration of the flow parts are generated, and the output power and efficiency curves show nonlinear growth of abnormal speed. In this paper, by setting up a test bench and conducting real machine tests, the pump operation of the micro-pump turbine is explored, and the hump phenomenon found in the test is further tested, which provides data support and improvement ideas for the next application and optimization design of the micro-pumped storage power station.
Research on test method of multi-channel ultrasonic wave detection for gas well injection volume
Authors: Zhao Yapan , Wang Yuan , Xi Fan , Zi Hong , Xie Enkun , Hu Qiang , Cui Qi
Published: April 2024

In the early stage of natural gas extraction, the fracturing and blowout process is often used to obtain stable production. However, during the fracturing process, natural gas combustion is frequently directly released, which causes significant pollution to the environment and a waste of resources. In order to measure the flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture in the process of gas well blowout, a multi-channel velocity measurement model is established. The multi-channel sensor structure is designed based on an analysis of the gas well blowout process and fluid configuration simulations. The influence of pipe diameter on the flow characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow was analyzed by FLUENT software. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow velocity in a gas-liquid two-phase flow tube is not uniform, the flow velocity of different flow layers is different, and the stratification phenomenon is more obvious with the increase of pipe diameter, highlighting the necessity of multi-channel measurements. Therefore, we developed a gas-liquid two-phase flow velocity measuring device. The experimental results demonstrate that accurately describing velocity in the tube can be achieved by measuring velocities in different channels using the gas-liquid two-phase flow velocity measurement device.
Simulating Wind-Blown Nebulae from Single and Binary Massive Stars
Authors: Mackey Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Winds from massive stars expand supersonically into their surroundings, creating dynamic and fascinating nebulae that can give us insight into physical processes in interstellar plasma, and into the evolutionary history of the stars. Around single stars, parsec-scale bubbles such as bow shocks and ring nebulae are formed, whereas in colliding-wind binary (CWB) systems the high wind density produces intense time- and space-dependent emission across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma-rays. This contribution summarizes some recent results from 3D MHD modelling of bow shocks around runaway stars such as ζ Oph, and of the wind-collision zone of the CWB systems WR140 and WR21a. A resolution study of 3D simulations of bow shocks shows that X-ray emission from the shocked wind is time-variable and that converged results can be obtained once the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the contact discontinuity is resolved. Simulations of the CWB system WR140 show that inverse-Compton cooling of the shocked plasma can trigger runaway cooling when the orbit is near periastron, producing strong compression and dynamical instabilities. This sharply reduces the hard-X-ray emission around periastron, in agreement with observations. Scaling tests of the simulation software pion are also presented for a model of the CWB system WR21a run on up to 8192 cores using the HPC system Karolina.
Type Ia supernovae in the age of JWST: Finding the ‘right’ questions and the path to answers
Authors: Hoeflich Peter , Fereidouni Elham , Mera Tyco Brahe
Published: April 2024

Understanding the Physics of thermonuclear explosions of a White Dwarf star (WD), so called Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), provide a playground for modern physics, computational methods, and are a key to modern cosmology. We identify new and investigate a variety of observational signatures of underlying physical processes related to the thermonuclear runaway, the flame propagation and the environment. Being intrinsically multi-dimensional phenomena, probing the physics requires multi-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics and MHD simulations. For this task, we developed and employed methods for photon transport for the X-, gamma- and of low energy and of positrons under non-LTE conditions. We identify signatures in the light curves and spectra, in particular, line profiles and polarization spectra. Consistent treatment of high energy processes is critical. Therefore, our framework and results can be used directly a variety of scenarios for SNe Ia including merging WDs and explosions of sub-Chandrasekhar mass WDs. Current simulations have limitations but, nevertheless, when combined with recent JWST and VLT observations solutions emerge to many of decade old problems on the ignition process, flame physics and thermonuclear explosion.
A toe-inspired rigid-flexible coupling wheel design method for improving the terrain adaptability of a sewer robot
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Xin , Shen Wenjie , Song Jiaqi , Zheng Yuanwen
Published: April 2024

The human toe, characterized by its rigid-flexible structure comprising hard bones and flexible joints, facilitates adaptive and stable movement across varied terrains. In this paper, we utilized a motion capture system to study the adaptive adjustments of toe joints when encountering obstacles. Inspired by the mechanics of toe joints, we proposed a novel design method for a rigid-flexible coupled wheel. The wheel comprises multiple elements: a rigid skeleton, supporting toes, connecting shafts, torsion springs, soft tendons, and damping pads. The torsion springs connect the rigid frame to the supporting toes, enabling them to adapt to uneven terrains and pipes with different diameters. The design was validated through kinematic and dynamic modeling, rigid-flexible coupled dynamics simulation, and stress analysis. Different stiffness coefficients of torsion springs were compared for optimal wheel design. Then, the wheel was applied to a sewer robot, and its performance was evaluated and compared with a pneumatic rubber tire in various experiments, including movement on flat surfaces, overcoming small obstacles, adaptability tests in different terrains, and active driving force tests in dry and wet pipelines. The results prove that the designed wheel showed better stability and anti-slip properties than conventional tires, making it suitable for diverse applications such as pipeline robots, desert vehicles, and lunar rovers.
Cost Analysis and Method Comparison on High-Rise Building Column Formworks by Three Formwork Methods
Authors: Putra A B , Putra D O I , Sentosa G A , Saputra R A
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine how much cost would be incurred and to analyse the difference in price by using three formworks’ methods, they are: the conventional method (According to Ministry Guide Num 1 Year 2022 and PT. Hutama Karya), the System Method with Multiplex and with phenolic film materials (According to Ministry Guide Num 1 Year 2022 and PT. Hutama Karya). This paper also included the analysis of using aluminium formwork method, but it was not the focus of this research. This analysis will also express the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods. Data used for this research was obtained from shop drawing and calculations provided by PT. Hutama Karya (shortened as PT HK), with the prices for materials and wages for the West Java Region gathered from the Unit Price Journal. For cost estimation (calculation), the Ministry Guide Number 1 Year 2022 was used as guidance. The results of this analysis showed that the formwork with “system” Method using Phenolic film is the most economical formwork method in this study, this is because the type of formwork can be used not only multiple times, but also in buildings with varied column types.
The influence of crystalline technology as concrete admixture on compressive strength and permeability
Authors: Dario Aurelius , Suwondo Riza
Published: April 2024

In regions prone to frequent rainfall or coastal exposure, concrete gradually becomes porous due to environmental influences. This study systematically examines the impact of different concrete formulations on compressive strength and permeability. It evaluates standard concrete, concrete with 1% and 2% crystalline admixtures, and concrete utilizing Portland cement type V. Compressive strength tests reveal that concrete with 1% and 2% crystalline admixtures, alongside Portland cement type V concrete, exhibit superior quality compared to standard concrete. Permeability assessments unveil intriguing trends: Portland cement type V concrete displays heightened permeability relative to standard concrete, while 1% and 2% crystalline admixture concretes exhibit significantly reduced permeability, surpassing both standard concrete and Portland cement type V concrete. The heightened concrete density associated with crystalline admixtures can be attributed to their dual influence on augmenting compressive strength and decreasing permeability. By reinforcing these mechanisms, crystalline admixtures effectively enhance concrete durability. This research contributes to the understanding of advanced construction materials and offers insights into sustainable infrastructure development possibilities. Subsequent sections delve into experimental intricacies, result explications, and wider implications of these findings, shaping the trajectory of future construction practices.
The effect of crystalline technology on concrete as coating to improve its durability
Authors: Dwiriyadhi Muhammad Ghafiqi , Suwondo Riza
Published: April 2024

This research delves into the effects of incorporating Crystalline Additives (CAs) in concrete, specifically exploring alterations in compressive strength, water penetration resistance, and chemical durability when subjected to corrosive solutions, including H2SO4 and HCl. The investigation encompasses four concrete compositions: Standard Concrete, Concrete with Single Layer Crystalline Coating, Concrete with Double Layer Crystalline Coating, and Concrete featuring Type V Cement. Results indicate that the application of Crystalline coating contributes to notable enhancements in the average compressive strength, albeit falling short of the peak strength achieved with Type V cement. Notably, exposure to a 5% H2SO4 solution triggers more pronounced deterioration compared to exposure to 5% HCl, leading to discernible reductions in both weight and compressive strength. Despite Crystalline coating’s beneficial impact on compressive strength, it remains outperformed by the application of Type V Cement, as evidenced by superior average compressive strength values. Conversely, the efficacy of Crystalline coating in countering water penetration remains inconclusive, as evidenced by the water penetration test outcomes. This ambiguity underscores the necessity for further research to ascertain the true extent of Crystalline coating’s influence on water resistance.
Wave run-up characteristic on armour layer breakwater using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method
Authors: Ferryanto  , Setyandito Oki , Nizam  , Yuwono Nur , Trihadi Wahyu
Published: April 2024

Coastal structures, such as breakwater, play a critical role in protecting shorelines from the erosive forces of waves and currents. Understanding the wave run-up phenomenon on these structures is essential for designing effective coastal defense systems. This research aims to investigate the wave run-up characteristics on an armour layer breakwater using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method (Meshless particle method based on the Lagrangian formulation), a numerical method that captures complex fluid-structure interactions. The SPH method’s inherent ability to handle free-surface flows and dynamic interactions makes it particularly suited for simulating wave run-up. The research employs numerical testing and modelling of a non-overtopping breakwater using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method simulated with the DualSPHysics program. The wave characteristic data used in this research are the waves on the south coast of Java. The results of this research indicate that the correlation between wave run-up characteristics (Ru/H) and the Iribarren number, both using the numerical SPH method and theory, tends to exhibit a similar pattern. Remarkably, the results from both approaches exhibit a striking similarity, revealing that as the Iribarren number increases, the incremental growth of Ru/H diminishes, eventually stabilizing at a critical threshold. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) between wave run-up characteristics (Ru/H) obtained from numerical simulations using the SPH method and Günbak’s theory is 0.8824.
Comparison Analysis for Implementation Time of Column Formwork Using Three Formwork Methods in a Building Project at Bandung Province
Authors: Zaiman A P , Putra A B , Yustanto K B , Arfan R
Published: April 2024

The construction world, especially in modern times, technological innovations are developing rapidly. One of these innovations is formwork. The real proof of its development is the formwork method, which has an increasing number of types. This study describes the time comparison between the three formwork methods consisting of conventional, semi-system, and full system formwork for column work on the UPI Bandung multi-storey building project. The research method that has been done is quantitative. The analysis is carried out by calculating the volume of work, identifying the coefficient of workers from journals and articles, calculating labour productivity and then the duration of work for each formwork method can be calculated. The results obtained from this study regards the duration of work on each formwork method column in each building studied. In conclusion, the duration of column work with the conventional formwork method has the longest duration of work, followed by the semi system method and the full system method.
Analysis and Assessment of Passenger Comfort Level in Sustainable Public Bus Transportation System
Authors: Kaitaro K K , Budiman I A , Sahroni T R
Published: April 2024

Passenger comfort and safety is one of the main factors in making the experience of using public transportation more comfortable and attractive to passengers. This study aims to assess facility design factors such as seats and handrails that are related to ergonomics, in addition to design factors, namely safety factors by identifying and minimizing hazards that can occur to passengers and procedures that need to be carried out in the event of an accident. To assess the comfort of passengers on the bus, it was measured using the Rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) guidelines, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and anthropometry to accurately measure body posture, as well as Quality Function Deployment (QFD). As the result, the new handle and passenger seat were proposed to comply with the ergonomic perspective. How much level of Customer satisfaction increase, can be seen in the result of this research. From using REBA Method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 3 for body posture evaluation score. From using RULA method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 2 for body posture evaluation score. It is concluded that the new design work and proof the new design was comply with ergonomic aspect. With this research, it will be beneficial for the sustainability of consumer comfort in Transjakarta public transportation. Because with the realization of the results of this research, improvements in Transjakarta public transportation facilities to support consumer comfort can be achieved and increase customer satisfaction.
Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) Implementation in Recycled PET Preform for The Beverage Industry
Authors: Ivander
Published: April 2024

The beverage industry is a company that is focused on producing mineral water in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. PET bottles serve as the primary packaging choice in the beverage industry, making the use of preforms as a material for bottles unavoidable. On the other hand, the public is more aware of using sustainable materials. Adapting market awareness, the company shifted from virgin material to recycled material. Due to the significant initial investment, the company has decided on a single supplier strategy for recycled PET preform suppliers. This policy forces the company to manage the supplier to meet the company’s delivery accomplishment target. Currently, in the management of beverage found in the industry, the supplier only reaches 50% of delivery accomplishments, whereas the company target is 90%. The beverage industry strived for a revolution, so the company’s target was achieved. The vendor managed inventory method is implemented in this study to create a new revolution for PET preform suppliers, a new replenishment system. After the implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), there has been an improvement, reaching 95% in delivery accomplishment. The adoption of vendor managed inventory ensures the attainment of the company’s objectives.
Optimizing Routes for Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Parcel Distribution Methods in South Jakarta
Authors: Razita Firzanah , Basaria Fransisca Tiur
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on improving the efficiency of PT. XYZ’s logistics services by examining the optimization of parcel distribution routes in South Jakarta. It compares the Nearest Neighbor Method and the Clarke and Wright Savings Method to determine the optimal strategy for delivering 53 packages to 8 locations. The Nearest Neighbor Method generates two routes, one encompassing 32 packages across four locations and the other encompassing 21 packages across four locations. This method significantly reduces travel distance, saving 27,3 kilometers in comparison to actual courier routes. The Clarke and Wright Savings Method generates two routes, one covering 35 packages across six locations and the other covering 18 packages across two locations. Compared to the actual van courier route, this method reduces the distance by 24,8 kilometers. The Nearest Neighbor Method reduces travel distances by 27.3 kilometers compared to actual routes, surpassing the Clarke and Wright Savings Method by 2.5 kilometers. Reduced travel distances reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, making logistics operations more sustainable on an environmental and economic level. This study concludes that the Nearest Neighbor Method is the optimal strategy for improving parcel distribution efficiency in South Jakarta, thereby substantially reducing the travel distances of PT. XYZ’s logistics operations.
Exploring work environment’s impacts on employee motivation and turnover intention in the garment industry in Wonogiri, Central Java
Authors: Thoha N , Maharani F C
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest garment-producing countries in the world. However, research shows garment companies in Indonesia have a high turnover rate and an above average turnover rate across industries. Therefore, this research explores the impact of the work environment on employee motivation and turnover intention in the Indonesian garment industry. This research is qualitative whereby the data was collected by conducting face-to-face in-depth interviews with sixteen participants from two garment companies, PT. ABC and PT. XYZ that are in Kabupaten Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. The data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis, it was found that the physical and non-physical work environments are important aspects and have an impact on employee motivation and turnover intention in PT. ABC and PT. XYZ. Physical and non-physical work environments are included in Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors and when these factors are fulfilled, they can reduce job dissatisfaction. This increases employee motivation to complete work, feel comfortable at work, and have no turnover intention. In conclusion, maintaining good physical and non-physical work environments are crucial for both companies because they can influence employee motivation and turnover. Therefore, this research is related with the Sustainable Development Goals no 8 (decent work and economic growth), and no 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure).
The Willingness to Purchase Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Irawan Agustinus Purna
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to comprehensively investigate the multifaceted factors influencing consumers’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs), providing a deeper understanding of the drivers behind EV adoption. The study draws on various scholarly sources to examine the intricate relationships among multiple determinants, including environmental concern, performance expectations, effort expectancy, charging point networks, charging time, price, operational costs, incentives, and attitude toward EVs. These factors are analyzed within a conceptual framework, highlighting the pivotal role of attitude as a mediating variable. The review reveals that environmental concern, driven by awareness of the ecological impact of conventional vehicles, motivates individuals to opt for EVs as a more sustainable mode of transportation. Performance expectations, such as energy efficiency and emission reduction, significantly influence consumer preferences. Effort expectancy, indicating the ease of using EV technology, plays a critical role in adoption decisions. Charging infrastructure, both availability and accessibility, is a crucial facilitator of EV adoption, emphasizing the importance of robust charging networks. Concerns about charging time underscore the need for faster and more convenient recharging methods. Price remains a barrier, with high initial costs, although operational cost advantages make EVs economically appealing. Depending on the region, government incentives have varying effectiveness in reducing financial barriers to EV adoption. Attitude toward EVs, acting as a mediating variable, highlights the importance of positive perceptions in shaping consumer intentions. This study offers a comprehensive review of the interplay of factors influencing EV adoption, providing a holistic view of consumer decision-making in the EV market. It emphasizes the need for further empirical research to validate and extend the proposed model. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers in promoting sustainable transportation solutions and accelerating EV adoption in response to environmental concerns.
Implementation of Energy Efficiency and Visual Comfort in Malang’s Foreign Exchange Office Lighting
Authors: Aufa N S , Pramono A , Wijaya M K , Mappaturi A B
Published: April 2024

The Victory International Futures office is running on foreign exchange. It is located in East Java, Indonesia, in Malang. The furniture in this office has an HPL finish, which is typically dark and has a brown cotton color. The light source’s reflections will be lessened as a result. The southeast-facing Victory International Futures building has good lighting. However, the lighting may be improved due to the limited artificial lighting offered in some areas and the absence of windows, which prevents daytime sunshine from reaching its full potential. Using windows where none are present results in an improper exchange of air coming in and going out. This study intends to ascertain the effects on workers caused by the influence of office air circulation and light intensity. This study’s technique, a case study, requires that we visit the office right away. Data gathering methods included surveys, interviews, and using the Light Metre program to gauge light intensity. According to the test results, the typical room has more light than it needs at night. Through smart lighting, this research proposes designs to enhance the quality of conference room interiors, particularly lighting design. A standard light distribution of 73,9 lux is achieved by simulating one type of lamp already present in the space using the Light Metre application.
The Water Hygiene of Street Food Vendors in Southeast Asia: A Review
Authors: Mulyodarsono Natalia Devi Ayu Restuti , Kristopo Hari
Published: April 2024

The safety of street food vendors in Southeast Asian countries is of concern as many do not follow basic food safety principles. The water used to wash cutlery that is not hygienic may cause foodborne illnesses. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to summarize the water hygiene of street vendors in Southeast Asia. PRISMA guidelines were used to find suitable sources for this systematic review. Relevant studies are retrieved from several databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, SAGE, EBSCOhost, Taylor and Francis, and Scopus. The keywords used to identify the relevant studies were water, water quality, hygiene, sanitation, street vendor, and food safety. The initial search in the databases yielded 80 articles. After the screening process based on the criteria of the article, only 9 articles were used in the final systematic review. The results showed that the water hygiene system in street vendors in Southeast Asia is still relatively unhygienic because most still use bucket water (non-tap water), which can contaminate food and lead to foodborne illness.