bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun: Societal Influences on Character Development
Authors: Idowu Samuel O.
Published: January 2025

Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is a deep examination of the intersection of race, gender, and class in 1950s America. This paper examines how social gender norms, compounded by the economic and racial oppression of the period, influence the identities and relationships of the Younger family. Set in a period of rigid gender expectations, Hansberry challenges the limiting roles assigned to both men and women, especially within the African American community. The play depicts Mama as an emblem of parental fortitude and stability, while Ruth embodies the quiet resilience of working-class Black women who contend with the dual demands of economic survival and domestic obligations. Beneatha contests conventional femininity by dismissing the idea that a woman's value is dependent upon marriage, instead pursuing intellectual and personal independence. Walter Lee exemplifies the challenges of adhering to patriarchal standards of manhood against systematic racism, attempting to establish his role as the family's provider while confronting perpetual frustration and despair. Hansberry critiques racial and gender inequalities through these characters, offering a multifaceted depiction of societal limitations. Nevertheless, the play presents a picture of hope and transformation as each character strives with and, in some instances, overcomes the constraints dictated by their circumstances. This paper argues that A Raisin in the Sun is a timeless critique of the fluidity of gender roles and the fortitude of people who confront repressive societal standards.
Peran Pengembangan Desa Wisata dalam Upaya Peningkatan Keberlangsungan Ekonomi kreatif Masyarakat di Kabupaten Kerinci
Authors: Dontes Putra
Published: January 2025

The development of tourist villages aims to increase village original income (PADes) and create a prosperous village community through increasing the sustainability of the community's creative economy. This research aims to analyze the role of developing tourist villages in efforts to increase the sustainability of the creative economy of the community in Kerinci Regency. This research is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The informants in this research were the government, tourism village managers, the community, and creative economy actors in Kerinci Regency, as many as 45 people. The selection of informants used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data is processed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the government plays a role in developing tourist villages through tourism planning, development of tourism destinations, and tourism policies and regulations. The development of a tourist village is supported by a natural village atmosphere, the community as the host of a tourist village, the cohesiveness of the youth organization, and adequate facilities and transportation accessibility. However, the development of tourist villages is hampered by the lack of maintenance of supporting facilities for tourist village objects, inadequate quality of human resources (HR), lack of promotional efforts, lack of community-based empowerment, and parking services and facilities. Therefore, the government carries out guidance, monitoring, and training. Apart from that, the government acts as a facilitator, uses promotional media, and organizes creative economy festivals and exhibitions. Thus, government policies have a significant impact on creative economy actors, such as financial support, ease of licensing,
 
Keywords: Development of Tourism Villages, Role of Government, Sustainability of the Creative Economy
Implikasi Kebijakan Penerbitan Kartu Keluarga bagi Nikah Siri terhadap UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan
Authors: Devinda Dinda , Asiyah nadhifah Nurul , M. Zainal Arifin
Published: January 2025

Para aktor negara memiliki peran dan kontribusi yang sangat penting dalam penyelesaian kasus pernikahan siri di Indonesia. Saat ini Dukcapil menerbitkan KK untuk pernikahan siri, sebab dalam undang-undang perkawinan nikah yang tidak tercatat tidak mendapatkan legalitas hukum. Artinya, negara tidak dapat memberikan jaminan hukum atas perkawinan tersebut Tujuan penulisan untuk menganalisis Implikasi Kebijakan Penerbitan Kartu Keluarga bagi Nikah Siri terhadap UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Metode hukum normative, Bahan hukum sekunder, yaitu studi kepustakaan berupa literature-literature berkenaan permasalahan penelitian dengan pendekatan kasus dan bersifat deskriptif guna memberikan penjelasan secara sistematis dan cermat mengenai fakta-fakta actual detail. Kesimpulan kebijakan nikah siri mendapat KK yang tidak lain bertujuan untuk menjamin perlindungan istri dan anak tidak efektif karena seharusnya yang perlu dilakukan adalah memperbaiki mekanisme penegakan hukum yang lebih baik seperti memperkuat peraturan isbat nikah dalam hal keberlakuannya juga berlaku untuk perkawinan setelah Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Hal ini jelas memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi istri dan anak dari perkawinan siri.
Transformasi Kaligrafi Tradisional Ke Digital Sebagai Media Dakwah Era Baru
Authors: Ummu Bissalam
Published: January 2025

Kaligrafi merupakan salah satu media dakwah, namun tidak banyak orang yang bisa menulis kaligrafi Arab, hanya mereka yang memiliki bakat alami atau telah menerima pendidikan formal atau informal saja. Setelah hadirnya kaligrafi digital dari pemanfaatan teknologi membuat orang mudah membuat kaligrafi tanpa harus memiliki keahlian khusus. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi transformasi kaligrafi tradisional ke dalam bentuk digital sebagai media dakwah di era baru. Dengan latar belakang perkembangan teknologi digital yang pesat, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses transformasi tersebut dan dampaknya dalam konteks dakwah. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library reserch (penelitian Pustaka), data dikumpulkan dengan memahami dan mempelajari teori-teori dari literatur yang relevan dengan penelitian tersebut menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa transformasi ini tidak hanya mempertahankan nilai estetika dan religiusitas kaligrafi, tetapi juga memperluas jangkauan dan aksesibilitasnya. Teknologi digital memberikan peluang untuk variasi penyajian dan interaktivitas yang meningkatkan daya tarik dakwah. Kesimpulannya, transformasi kaligrafi tradisional ke dalam bentuk digital adalah inovasi yang memperkaya metode dakwah di era baru dan menjaga keberlanjutan seni kaligrafi di tengah perkembangan zaman.
Farklı Genliğe Sahip Şerit Elemanların Isı Transferine Etkilerinin Yapay Sinir Ağı Tabanlı Bulanık Mantık Modelleme Yaklaşımı ile İncelenmesi
Authors: Altun Aziz Hakan , Tınkır Mustafa , Gürdal Mehmet , Berber Adnan , Sezgen Haşmet Çağrı , Gülbahçe Erdi
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada, türbülanslı akışta boru içerisine cidardan ayrık olarak yerleştirilen 3D/4 genişliğe sahip sinüzoidal ondüle şerit elemanların, farklı Reynolds sayılarında, sürtünme ve ısıl performans katsayılarında ve D/8, D/4, 3D/16 olmak üzere 3 farklı genlikte ısı transferine etkilerinin deneysel sonuçları kullanılarak, yapay sinir ağı tabanlı bulanık mantık (YSATBM) yaklaşımı ile aynı girdilerin ve çıktıların modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel ısı transferinde elde edilen minimum ve maksimum Nusselt sayılarının oluşturulan iki ayrı YSATBM yaklaşımı ile tahmin edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen simülasyon sonuçları deneysel sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmış ve min. Nusselt sayılarının tahmininde ortalama %0.1378, maks. Nusselt sayılarının tahmininde ise %0.0141 hata değerleri elde edilmiştir.
The Impact of Teachers on the Utilization of Maps and Atlases as Cartographic Resources among Primary School Pupils: Example of North Macedonia
Authors: Jonuzi Edmond , Selvi Hüseyin Zahit
Published: January 2025

This study examines the role of teachers in facilitating the effective implementation of maps and atlases as educational tools within the primary school setting. By investigating the influence of teachers on the utilization of cartographic resources, the study aims to provide insights into the pedagogical strategies employed by teachers and their impact on enhancing children's spatial literacy skills. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including pre-atlas questionnaire and post-atlas questionnaire for primary school teachers to gather data on teachers' practices, perceptions, and instructional techniques. Findings from this research will contribute to the development of evidence-based recommendations for teachers and policymakers seeking to optimize the use of maps and atlases in primary school curricula. Simultaneously, the outcomes of this study will be correlated with the pressing requirement to develop an atlas specifically tailored for primary school pupils, aiming to address the current dearth of such resources within the educational system. The two questionnaires administered to primary school teachers are aligned with the hypotheses and research questions formulated within the framework of the diploma study. Subsequently, a discussion ensued regarding the validation or refutation of these hypotheses based on the obtained results. The impact of teachers on the integration of cartographic materials within the classroom setting appears to be of paramount significance.
Uzaktan Algılama Görüntülerinde Şerit Gürültüsü Giderimi için ADOM Algoritmasının Sezgiseller ile Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Eroğlu İrem Nur , Akyürek Hasan Ali
Published: January 2025

Uzaktan algılama sistemleri, Dünya yüzeyindeki değişikliklerin izlenmesi ve analizi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Ancak, bu sistemlerden elde edilen görüntülerde çeşitli gürültüler oluşabilir ve bu durum ölçümlerin doğruluğunu olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada, uzaktan algılama görüntülerindeki şerit gürültüsünü gidermek amacıyla ADOM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers) algoritmasının performansı optimize edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, iki sezgisel optimizasyon algoritması olan Ağaç-Tohum (TSA) ve Parçacık-Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) kullanılarak ADOM algoritmasının performansı artırılmıştır. ADOM algoritması, şerit gürültüsünü gidermek için geliştirilmiş bir optimizasyon modelidir ve bu modelin parametreleri TSA ve PSO algoritmaları ile optimize edilmiştir. Her iki algoritma da ADOM algoritmasının parametrelerini optimize ederek, şerit gürültüsünün giderilmesi sürecini iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. ADOM algoritmasının performansı, TSA ve PSO algoritmaları ile optimize edildikten sonra, şerit gürültüsünü giderme yetenekleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, TSA ve PSO algoritmasının ADOM algoritmasını optimize etmede başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Benzer hesaplama maliyetinde ADOM-TSA ve ADOM-PSO algoritmalarının yalın ADOM algoritması ve şerit gürültüsünü giderme ve görüntü kalitesini artırma konusunda istatistiksel olarak daha iyi sonuçlar ürettiğini gözlenmiştir. ADOM-TSA, ADOM-PSO’ya kıyasla şerit gürültüsünü gidermede daha yüksek bir performans sergilemiştir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, farklı sezgisel algoritmaların denenmesi ve işlem maliyeti azaltılırken daha yüksek başarımın elde edilmesi üzerine odaklanmalıdır.
Comparison of Indoor Location Determination Methods That Use Wi-Fi Fingerprinting
Authors: Ünlerşen Muhammed Fahri , Yağcı Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Navigation systems have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. In order for this to be achieved, it is necessary to determine the local location. The most commonly used location determination method is the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS signals often cannot penetrate closed areas. For this reason, using GPS for navigation in closed areas is not efficient. For this reason, different methods have been developed for position determination for navigation in closed areas. The primary method of these is position estimation via Wi-Fi fingerprint. There are many studies done on this subject. In this article, the performance of different machine learning methods in indoor location estimation based on wireless network signal strength is examined. Using a dataset, methods such as artificial neural networks, k-NN, linear regression, support vector machines, decision trees, and random forests were applied, and the results were compared. The database used is explained in detail. It is explained how this database is applied to machine learning algorithms. In the results, the most successful method and the factors affecting success were evaluated.
Histamin Modifiye Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüp/Katran/Kalem Grafit Elektrot ile Parasetamol Tayini
Authors: Korkmaz Şeyma , Mülazımoglu İbrahim Ender , Demir Mülazımoğlu Ayşen
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada Parasetamol (PAR) tayini için ilk kez Histamin (HI), çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp/kömür katranı/kalem grafit elektrot (MWCNT/CTP/PGE) yüzeyine modifiye edilerek kullanıldı. MWCNT/CTP/PGE üzerine HI’nın modifikasyonu için dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) deneyleri, +0,8 V ile +1,8 V potansiyel aralığında, 100 mV s-1 tarama hızında ve 20 döngülü olarak gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen HI/MWCNT/CTP/PGE elektrokimyasal sensörün elektrokimyasal davranışları sulu ve susuz ortamlarda CV ile karakterize edildi. Modifiye elektrotun taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) tekniği ile görüntüsü alındı ve MWCNT/CTP/PGE ile kıyaslandı. Kare dalga voltametri (SWV) tekniği ile farklı pH’larda hazırlanan Britton-Robinson (BR) tampon çözeltisi destek elektrolit olarak kullanıldı. SWV tekniği kullanılarak PAR tayini için optimum pH 2,00 olarak belirlendi. SWV tekniği ile 2x10-5 ile 2x10-6 M aralığında pH 2,00 BR tamponunda hazırlanan standart PAR çözeltileri ile korelasyon katsayısı (R2) 0,9991 olarak hesaplanan kalibrasyon grafiği çizildi. PAR için gözlenebilirlik sınırı (LOD) ve tayin sınırı (LOQ) sırasıyla 0,498 µM ve 1,494 µM olarak hesaplandı. Önerilen yöntem, uygulanabilirliği kolay, maliyeti düşük, hızlı, basit ve güvenilirdir.
Yatay Eksenli Rüzgâr Türbinlerinde Kule Yüksekliği ve Türbülans Yoğunluğu Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Büyükzeren Rıza , Kaya Mehmet Numan , Bacakoğlu Ali Aydın , Uçar Muhammed , Altıntaş Hasan Basri , Öztürk Ali , Bilici Ahmet Yasin
Published: January 2025

Yatay eksenli rüzgâr türbinleri, yenilenebilir enerji üretiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu türbinlerin verimli ve güvenli bir şekilde çalışabilmesi için çeşitli çevresel ve tasarım faktörlerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yatay eksenli rüzgâr türbinlerinde kule yüksekliği ve türbülans yoğunluğunun rüzgâr türbini çalışma karakteristiği üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Referans olarak seçilen NREL 5-MW rüzgâr türbinin çalışma simülasyonları farklı koşullarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyonlar, 90, 110 ve 130 metre kule yüksekliklerinde, %1, %5, %10 ve %20 türbülans yoğunluğu seviyelerinde, referans 80 metre yükseklik için tanımlanan 6, 8 ve 10 m/s rüzgâr hızlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, kule yüksekliği ve türbülans yoğunluğunun rüzgâr türbini çalışma karakteristiği üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu ve bu etkinin büyüklüğünün kule yüksekliği ve rüzgâr hızına bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Türbülans yoğunluğunun, rüzgâr türbinlerinin aerodinamik ve yapısal parametreleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Türbülans yoğunluğundaki artışlar, rüzgâr hızında ve buna bağlı tüm parametrelerde dalgalanmaların artmasına neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, kule yüksekliğinin artması, türbinin maruz kaldığı rüzgâr hızını arttırdığı için rüzgâr türbini çıkış gücü artmaktadır. Ancak artan kule yüksekliği ile aerodinamik itme kuvveti de artmakta ve bu da yapısal elemanlar üzerindeki etkileri arttırmaktadır. Rüzgâr hızı arttıkça türbülans yoğunluğunun olumsuz etkilerinin daha belirgin hale geldiği görülmüştür.
Güneş Enerji Santralinin Temizlik Sonrası Üretim Verilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Tahir Akkoyunlu Mustafa , Polat Enes , Özkılıçaslan Recep , Keleş Veli , Abdallatif Yousef , Samancı Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Güneş panelleri dünya çapında en yaygın kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biridir. Bu santraller de temiz ve sürdürebilir enerji üretimi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Üretilen bu güç sanayi başta olmak üzere, tarımsal sulama sistemlerinde ve evsel enerji tüketiminde kullanılmaktadır. Fotovoltaik sistemin verimliliğini hava sıcaklığı, rüzgâr hızı ve yönü, bağıl nem, güneş radyasyonu, toz birikimi ve gölge gibi birçok faktör etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Konya–Meram ilçesinde enerji üretimi yapan fotovoltaik bir sistem ele alınmıştır. Konya ve çevresi güneş enerji potansiyeli bakımından oldukça zengin bir ildir ve bu bölgede birçok santral faaliyet göstermektedir. Çalışmada Meram bölgesinde enerji üreten santralin haziran, temmuz, ağustos ve eylül aylarındaki güç üretimi FusionSolar takip sistemi kullanılarak gözlemlenmiştir. Takip sisteminden alınan veriler incelendiğinde, haziran ayında santralin ürettiği güçte önemli ölçüde güç düşüşü tespit edilmiş ve bu düşüşün toz etkisinden yani santralin kirlenmesi kaynaklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Temmuz ayında yani temizlik yapıldıktan sonra santralin ürettiği güç artmıştır. Temizlik sonrası güç üretimi, temizliğin yapılmadığı önceki aylara kıyasla %17,5 oranında artmıştır. Fakat santralin ağustos ayında tekrar kirlendiği tespit edilmiş ve santral bir kez daha temizlenmiştir. İkinci temizlikten sonra da santral performansında iyileşme gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, güneş enerjisi santrallerinin takip sistemleri ile düzenli bir şekilde izlenmesi ve kirlilik kaynaklı güç üretimindeki düşüş görülmesinden sonra santralin temizlenmesi ihtiyacını gözler önüne sermiştir. Çalışmadaki veriler, üretimde önemli bir başlangıç artışının ardından kademeli bir düşüş olduğunu göstermiş ve ortalama iki ayda bir periyodik temizlik ihtiyacını vurgulamıştır. Böylece bu santrallerden hem daha fazla güç elde edilecek hem de fosil kaynakların daha az kullanımı sağlanacaktır.
Türkiye de Lojistik Köy Yer Seçiminin İki Aşamalı Karar Verme Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Arıgün Gülçin , Beygova Yağmur , Diril Leyla , Sarman Fatih , Çayır Ervural Beyza
Published: January 2025

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleriyle yakından ilişkisi olduğu düşünülen lojistik köylerin yaygınlaştırılması dünya politikalarında temel hedeflerden biri haline gelmiştir. Lojistik köy sayısının artması ile ticari faaliyetler hızlanacak ve bölge/ülke kalkınacaktır. Türkiye’nin coğrafi konumu ve taşımacılık ağlarına elverişliliği, bölgesel ve uluslararası lojistik bir üs olabilmesi için büyük bir avantajdır. Gelişmiş ülkeler ile kıyaslandığında Türkiye’deki lojistik köylerin sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, lojistik köy yer seçimi kararı üzerinde durulmuştur. BWM ve TOPSIS yöntemleriyle Türkiye’de hangi noktalara en uygun lojistik köylerin kurulması gerektiğine karar verilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle BWM ile ana ve alt kriter ağırlıkları elde edilmiş, ardından bu ağırlıklar TOPSIS yönteminde kullanılmıştır. Lojistik köylerin yer seçimi için kullanılan analitik yaklaşımlar, bu alandaki çalışmalara sistematik bir yöntem sunarak karar vericilere yol göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Characterization of Anatomical and Cardiac Abnormalities in Heterotaxy Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akhtar Parveen , Hanif Kiran , Sattar Abdul , Khan Fahad , Khan Naveed Ullah , Jamal Noor Ul Ain , Zafar Khurram , Ashraf Naela , Rahim Safwan Abdul , Patel Najma
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Heterotaxy Syndrome is a rare and complex congenital condition characterized by abnormal arrangement of thoraco-abdominal organs and associated congenital heart disease. This study aims to define the spectrum of extra-cardiac and cardiac abnormalities and to elucidate the anatomical diversity within Heterotaxy Syndrome.
Methodology: This retrospective study, conducted at a tertiary cardiac care facility, involved identifying patients with Heterotaxy Syndrome based on scintigraphy, ultrasound imaging, and cardiac lab reports between April 2023 and December 2023.
Results: The study included 71 patients. Situs Ambiguus was observed in 98.6% of cases. Levocardia was present in 53.5% of patients, while Dextrocardia was found in 43.7%. Polysplenia was noted in 53.5% of patients, with the remaining patients exhibiting asplenia.
Conclusion: Heterotaxy Syndrome encompasses a wide range of thoraco-abdominal organ abnormalities. To prevent misdiagnosis and ensure effective management, comprehensive imaging and thorough examination are crucial. Accurate diagnosis and management are essential to address the diverse manifestations of this syndrome.
Culprit Lesion Characteristics and Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction during The Month of Ramadan among Fasting Muslims Population
Authors: Khalil Mohamed A , Khalfallah Mohamed , Metawee Ahmed , Elgawesh Mahmoud , Elsheikh Ayman
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the characteristics of culprit lesions and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) in fasting Muslims during Ramadan, compared to those in non-Ramadan periods.
Methodology: This study included 138 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (both ST elevation and non-ST elevation) who were referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or an early invasive strategy during Ramadan (Group I: the fasting group). For comparison, 131 patients with myocardial infarction, referred for PPCI or an early invasive strategy in non-Ramadan months, were included in Group II (the non-fasting group). We compared the culprit lesion characteristics and clinical outcomes of MI between these two groups.
Results: The incidence of myocardial infarction was similar during Ramadan and outside of it. However, significant differences were observed in the culprit lesion characteristics and outcomes between the two groups. During Ramadan, culprit lesions exhibited non-atheromatous characteristics with a heavier thrombus burden in Group I. The use of aspiration catheters during PCI was more frequent, and the decision to defer stenting was significantly higher in this group. Favorable metabolic changes, such as lower blood glucose, serum CRP, total cholesterol, and LDL, were noted in the fasting group; however, these changes did not significantly impact the overall clinical outcomes between the groups.
Conclusion: Myocardial infarction during Ramadan is characterized by non-atheromatous coronary lesions and a higher thrombus burden. Despite these differences, the incidence of myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly differ between Ramadan and other months of the year.
Clinical and Angiographic Differences among Male and Female Patients Presenting with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yaqoob Samina , Shaikh Ghulam Abbas , Shah Hussain Haider , Zuberi Muhammad Abdul Wasay , Tariq Hasan , Waseem Radeyah , Rauf Sameer Abdul
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study investigates the clinical characteristics and angiographic differences between male and female patients diagnosed with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) at Civil Hospital Karachi, with a focus on gender-related disparities in risk factors and treatment outcomes.
Methodology: Conducted from October 2023 to March 2024, this observational study included 150 hospitalized patients (61 females and 89 males) aged 20 to 70 years, who presented with HFrEF and had no prior history of coronary artery disease. Data were collected on demographic information, comorbidities, risk factors, and angiographic findings. Statistical analyses were performed to assess gender differences in clinical presentations and treatment strategies.
Results: Of the 150 patients, 61 (40.7%) were female, and 89 (59.3%) were male, with a median age of 56.0 years (range: 22 to 78 years, SD = 11.36). A total of 81 patients had diabetes, of which 62 had uncontrolled diabetes; 139 patients were hypertensive, with 86 experiencing uncontrolled hypertension. The study revealed significant gender differences in angiographic findings (p < 0.001), severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) (p < 0.001), and treatment modalities following left heart catheterization (p = 0.003). Males exhibited a higher prevalence of multi-vessel disease and obstructive CAD compared to females.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight notable gender-specific differences in the clinical presentation and angiographic outcomes of patients with HFrEF. These results emphasize the importance of considering gender when evaluating risk factors and tailoring treatment strategies in heart failure management, ultimately aiming for improved patient care and outcomes.
Development and Validation of the Hypertension Awareness, Exercise, and Motivation Questionnaire (HAEM-Q) Using the Delphi Technique
Authors: Gajinkar Geetika , Chandramohan Jaiswal Varoon , Kangude Mithali , Burman Deepika
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study presents the development of the Hypertension Awareness, Exercise, and Motivation Questionnaire (HAEM-Q) using the Delphi technique. The primary objective was to create a tool that addresses key aspects of awareness and motivation related to exercise in individuals with systemic hypertension, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of exercise therapy in hypertension management.
Methodology: The HAEM-Q was meticulously developed through the Delphi method, involving iterative consultations with a panel of experts. Over three rounds, these experts provided critical feedback and suggestions to refine the questionnaire, ensuring its clarity, relevance, and comprehensiveness.
Results: The final HAEM-Q questionnaire consists of two domains: Domain A (Awareness of the Effects of Exercise on Hypertension) and Domain B (Motivation for Exercise in Hypertension). Each domain includes six carefully crafted questions. In Domain A, revisions focused on refining Q1 to emphasize awareness, adjusting the options for Q2 and Q3, and expanding Q4 with two additional questions. Questions Q5 and Q6 remained unchanged. Domain B underwent similar refinements, with significant revisions including the rephrasing of Q2 to incorporate awareness about the interplay between exercise and medication and the addition of a "Not Applicable" option to Q3 for non-exercising patients. Questions Q1, Q4, Q5, and Q6 in this domain were retained as initially designed.
Conclusion: The HAEM-Q questionnaire represents a significant advancement in the management of systemic hypertension by providing a comprehensive tool to assess the interrelationships among awareness, exercise, and motivation. This instrument has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and alleviate the burden of hypertension on both patients and healthcare systems. Future studies are needed to validate its psychometric properties and evaluate its clinical utility.
Predictors and Outcomes of Slow Flow or No Reflow in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Faraz Noor , Amin Qazi Najeeb Ullah , Ullah Sami , Hashim Syed , Basit Abdul , Ullah Inayat
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to identify predictors of slow-flow or no-reflow (SF/NR) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), evaluate associated clinical outcomes, and assess the effectiveness of various medications.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 150 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated at Hayatabad Medical Complex from July 2023 to July 2024. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical history, laboratory tests, and procedural details. SF/NR was defined as a TIMI flow grade of <3 following PCI. We examined the incidence of SF/NR and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0, with multivariate logistic regression used to identify independent predictors of SF/NR.
Results: SF/NR occurred in 34.7% of patients. Significant predictors identified included advanced age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, high thrombus burden, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Patients presented with both single-vessel disease (SVD) and three-vessel disease (3VD). Medications used to manage SF/NR included intracoronary adenosine and epinephrine, which demonstrated variable effectiveness in improving coronary flow and reducing myocardial damage. Patients with SF/NR experienced significantly higher rates of MACE: cardiac death (10 vs. 2), recurrent myocardial infarction (8 vs. 3), target vessel revascularization (5 vs. 1), and heart failure (12 vs. 5). Multivariate analysis confirmed diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.56, CI: 1.12-2.18), high thrombus burden (OR: 2.33, CI: 1.60-3.39), and elevated Hs-CRP (OR: 1.45, CI: 1.01-2.07) as independent predictors of SF/NR.
Conclusion: SF/NR represents a significant complication during primary PCI, with severe adverse outcomes. Key predictors include renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and high thrombus burden. Intracoronary adenosine and epinephrine were used with varying effectiveness. Future research should focus on refining management strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Gender Influences on Subspecialty Selection among Adult Cardiology Fellows in Pakistan: A Survey of Determinants and Trends
Authors: Qayoom Reema , Mohsin Muhammad , Rahooja Kubbra , Nadeem Deebaj , Sikandari Faiza , Qadir Faisal , Mumtaz Zubair , Irfan Ghazala
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To identify the factors influencing subspecialty choices among adult cardiology fellows in Pakistan and to examine whether these factors differ by gender.
Methodology: A multi-item, multiple-choice online survey was conducted among adult cardiology Fellows in Training (FITs) in Pakistan pursuing cardiovascular subspecialties between January and May 2023.
Results: A total of 195 FITs completed the survey, yielding a 55% response rate. Of these, 109 (55.9%) were male and 86 (44.1%) were female. Female FITs were younger than their male counterparts, with 69.8% (60/86) of females vs. 48.6% (53/109) of males in the 25–29 age group. Additionally, a greater proportion of female FITs were single compared to males (67.4% vs. 49.5%). Regarding subspecialty interest, 41% (80) of FITs expressed an interest in Interventional Cardiology (IC), 18.5% (36) in Electrophysiology (EP), 12.8% (25) in Critical Care (CC), and 17.9% (35) in Cardiac Imaging (CI). The remaining FITs were uncertain about their specialty.
Conclusion: Female FITs are less inclined to pursue Interventional Cardiology, citing concerns about radiation exposure and the field's male-dominated culture. However, there is an emerging trend of female FITs opting for Electrophysiology, a finding that contrasts with similar studies conducted internationally.
The Role of Digital Platforms in the Economic Empowerment Of Migrants and Forced Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change
Authors: Jadaan Jyan Bahil , Hasan Qayssar Abbas
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This paper explores how online platforms can economically empower migrants and refugees who are displaced due to climate-induced and environmentally related disasters. Given that climate change and natural disasters often force people to migrate, recent environmental migrants face significant challenges in securing economic opportunities. These challenges further complicate their ability to improve their economic circumstances. The paper aims to investigate how digital platforms can provide access to jobs, finance, skills, and entrepreneurship, potentially alleviating the difficulties associated with forced displacement.
 
Methods: The research employs qualitative interviews and case studies to explore how digital platforms contribute to economic empowerment from the perspective of displaced communities. It examines the types of platforms that are most used by migrants, such as job-matching sites, mobile money applications, and online learning resources. Additionally, the paper investigates the obstacles that refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) encounter when accessing and benefiting from these platforms. These barriers include language challenges, inadequate digital literacy, and poor access to the internet while in temporary shelters.
 
Results: The study identifies that the digital platforms most frequently used by migrants and displaced individuals are job-matching platforms, mobile money applications, and online learning tools. Despite their potential, the research also highlights the significant barriers faced by these groups in utilizing such platforms. These obstacles hinder the full economic potential of the displaced populations, limiting their ability to gain access to the resources and opportunities offered by the digital world.
 
Conclusion: The findings of the paper provide valuable insights into the role of digital platforms in fostering economic empowerment for displaced individuals. It offers practical recommendations to improve access to these platforms, as well as enhance the user experience for migrants and refugees. The study emphasizes the importance of digital platforms in creating economic opportunities for displaced people and outlines recommendations that could guide policymakers, NGOs, and platform developers. Ultimately, the research contributes to the understanding of sustainable digital pathways that can support economic survival and resilience amidst rising displacement crises.
The Impact of Accounting Disclosure of Social Responsibility Costs on the Media Content of Financial Statements
Authors: Abbood Saja Ibrahim , Al-Mashkoor Imad A. S.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The research aims to emphasize the importance of Social Responsibility (SR) costs and their impact on financial statements.
 
Methods: The researchers employed a combination of separation and quantitative disclosure methods for SR costs and benefits. The direct measurement method was primarily used, along with the indirect (derivative) method. Social costs were classified into four areas: employees, environment, society, and customers.
 
Results: The study was conducted using the Southern Refinery Company as a sample to measure the cost of SR, separating it from economic costs, and highlighting its impact on the financial statements.
 
Conclusion: The study recommended that companies fulfill their social responsibilities by disclosing SR costs and activities in financial statements. This practice ensures accuracy, facilitates monitoring, and provides a clear and truthful image of the company.
Intergenerational Wealth Dynamics in an Aging Society: A Panel Data Analysis of Economic Inequality across Vietnamese Provinces
Authors:   Tran Dai Nghia High School for the gifted, Vietnam, HUYNH Thi Song Thu
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between population aging and economic inequality in Vietnam, utilizing a comprehensive provincial panel dataset spanning from 2010 to 2022 across all 63 provinces. Through dynamic panel estimation techniques and heterogeneity analysis, we examine both the direct effects of aging on inequality and the various mechanisms through which this relationship operates across different regional and socioeconomic contexts within Vietnam. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between aging and inequality, with a one percentage point increase in the elderly dependency ratio associated with a 0.058 point increase in the Gini coefficient. The impact demonstrates substantial regional heterogeneity, with stronger effects observed in more developed provinces and urban areas such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. During this crucial period of Vietnam's demographic transition, temporal analysis indicates that aging effects persist for approximately three years, with an 18-month adjustment half-life, suggesting significant cumulative impacts over time. The moderating effect of social security coverage, while present, appears modest in mitigating aging-induced inequality. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive analysis of dynamic aging-inequality relationships in Vietnam during a period of rapid socioeconomic transformation, introducing novel evidence on provincial heterogeneities, and establishing a temporal framework for understanding adjustment processes. These findings have important implications for policy design, suggesting the need for regionally targeted interventions and forward-looking policy approaches that account for cumulative demographic effects in Vietnam's rapidly aging society.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Social Support on Psychological Well-Being And Its Impact on the Performance of Non-Civil Servant Employees at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of East Lombok Regency
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia, Darmawan Lalu Kurnia , Nurmayanti Siti ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia, Suryani Embun ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of self-efficacy, social support, and psychological well-being on employee performance among non-permanent staff at the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning (Dinas PUPR) in East Lombok Regency. This quantitative study employs a causal associative approach. Data were collected through a census method involving the entire population of 182 non-permanent employees across five divisions: Bina Marga, Cipta Karya, Water Resources, Spatial Planning, and Construction Development. Primary data were obtained using structured questionnaires measured on a Likert scale, supported by interviews and documentation for secondary data. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart-PLS 3 software, enabling the evaluation of measurement and structural models. The findings reveal that self-efficacy, social support, and psychological well-being significantly influence employee performance. Furthermore, psychological well-being acts as a mediator in the effects of self-efficacy and social support on performance. These results underscore the critical role of self-efficacy, social support, and psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of non-permanent employees in government organizations. This study contributes to the understanding of how psychological factors and workplace support mechanisms impact employee outcomes, offering practical implications for improving workforce effectiveness in public sector institutions.
Disability Economic Empowerment: The Role of Creative Industries in Improving the Welfare of People with Disabilities
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, Antikasari Tiara Widya , Supriati Eny ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, Wibawanto Alwan ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

Menang Village in Jambon Sub-district, Ponorogo Regency, has become the focal point of research with the primary objective of economic empowerment of homemakers through creative industry product innovation. However, the response to business conditions could have been more optimal. So, this research aims to analyze the role of creative industries in improving the welfare of people with disabilities and the form of economic empowerment. This qualitative research uses interviews, documentation, and observation data collection techniques. The following research results were obtained from the field results: First, in Menang Village, there is a creative industry in the form of eco-print batik and household industries in the form of turmeric herbal drinks, cassava chips, and gadung chips. Second, the creative industry optimization strategy includes improving skills training, access to capital, and product marketing. The application of this model shows that with the right approach, the creative industry can effectively increase the economic empowerment of people with disabilities. The strategy also includes collaborative support internally and externally. Internal support comes from the village government, the PKK group, and also the village youth organization. In Menang Village, the eco-print batik industry and households, such as turmeric herbal drinks, cassava chips, and gadung chips, received internal funding support from the village government. The external party was the social service office of Ponorogo Regency. Training and cooperation with the PKK group, which has received training from the social service and then assists the disability group in making eco-print batik, is carried out in Menang Village. However, the disability training program is only incidental, and no sustainable program exists.
Analysis of the Influence of Social, Economic and Demographic Factors on the Employment Decisions of Female Workers in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Mataram, Indonesia, Winartha I Gde Eka Dipta , Maryam St. ,   Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Mataram, Indonesia, . Busaini ,   Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Mataram, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

This study is based on the phenomenon of increasing female workforce participation in West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of social, economic and demographic factors on the work decisions of female workers in West Nusa Tenggara. The social factors are education level, marital status, women's position in the household and internet usage. The economic factor is household income. The demographic factors are age and area of residence. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive. The data used in this study are secondary data with a cross-sectional type obtained through the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data in August 2023. The data analysis used is binary logistic regression. The results of the data analysis show that education level, marital status, women's position in the household, internet usage, household income, age and area of residence have a positive and significant effect on the work decisions of female workers.
RETRACTION Mashud, M., Arifin, S.., Warni, H., Samodra, Y. T. J.., Yosika, G. F., Basuki, S., Suryadi, D., & Suyudi, I. (2024). Aptitud Física: Efectos de la interiorización de un estilo de vida activo mediante un proyecto basado en la alfabetización física (Physical Fitness: Effects of active lifestyle internalization through physical literacy awarenes based project). Retos, 51, 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101662
Authors: RETOS RETOS
Published: January 2025

Mashud, M., Arifin, S.., Warni, H., Samodra, Y. T. J.., Yosika, G. F., Basuki, S., Suryadi, D., & Suyudi, I. (2024). Aptitud Física: Efectos de la interiorización de un estilo de vida activo mediante un proyecto basado en la alfabetización física (Physical Fitness: Effects of active lifestyle internalization through physical literacy awarenes based project). Retos, 51, 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101662
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Autores en el Word del artículo enviado a revisión: 7
Autores en el PDF publicado con los autores modificados: 8
Diferencia de los autores entre ambos momentos: +1 (Imam Suyudi)
RETRACTION Kauki, M. K., Prasetyo, Y., Rismayanthi, C., Asmuddin, A., Saman, A.., Razali, M. N.., Mustapha, A., Ali, S. K. S.., Hutkemri, H., Sutapa, P.., Hardianto, D., Auliana, R., Utami, D.., Utami, D. Y.., Riyana, A.., Amran, A., Pratama, K. W., Trisnadi, R. A., & Astuti, A. T.. (2024). Efecto de la confianza, la flexibilidad y la técnica básicas en el agua sobre la habilidad de natación de estilo libre entre alumnos de escuela primaria (Effect of Basic Water Confidence, Flexibility, and Technique on Freestyle Swimming Skill among Elementary School Pupils). Retos, 51, 1415–1423. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101599
Authors: RETOS RETOS
Published: January 2025

Kauki, M. K., Prasetyo, Y., Rismayanthi, C., Asmuddin, A., Saman, A.., Razali, M. N.., Mustapha, A., Ali, S. K. S.., Hutkemri, H., Sutapa, P.., Hardianto, D., Auliana, R., Utami, D.., Utami, D. Y.., Riyana, A.., Amran, A., Pratama, K. W., Trisnadi, R. A., & Astuti, A. T.. (2024). Efecto de la confianza, la flexibilidad y la técnica básicas en el agua sobre la habilidad de natación de estilo libre entre alumnos de escuela primaria (Effect of Basic Water Confidence, Flexibility, and Technique on Freestyle Swimming Skill among Elementary School Pupils). Retos, 51, 1415–1423. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101599
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 1
Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 17
Differences between the authors between both moments: +16 (Manil Kara Kauki, Yudik Prasetyo, Cerika Rismayanthi, Asmuddin, Abdul Saman, Muhammad Nazim Razali, Aida Mustapha, Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali, Hutkemri, Panggung Sutapa, Deni Hardianto, Rizqie Auliana, Danarstuti Utami, Ari Tri Astuti, Desy Yunita Utami, Ardi Riyana, Amran, Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama, Reza Adityas Trisnadi)