bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the approach to emergency surgery: a comparative study
Authors: Akcaalan Yasemin , Erkilic Ezgi , Gulec Handan , Gumus Tulin , Ozturk Levent , Kayan Gizem , Kanbak Orhan , Celik Nuri
Published: November 2022

Background & objective: Corona pandemic has had profound effects on the practice of healthcare delivery across the globe. The institutional practices and protocols had to be rewritten to cope up with the surge of corona patients and to save the staff and the non-corona patients. We evaluated the emergency surgery cases during the first wave of COVID-19 after the decision to stop elective surgeries, in regard to differences in terms of case distribution, patient profile, anesthesia methods used and the management, and compared with an equivalent period before the pandemic.

Methodology: Patient files related to emergency surgery from October-November 2019 and April-May 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Assessment parameters included age, gender, surgical discipline, ASA score, type of anesthesia, time to discharge, reoperation, laparoscopic or open surgery.

Results: The most common surgical cases in both periods belonged to general surgery. While the number of patients in ASA-I decreased during the COVID period, those in ASA-II increased. We found that while general anesthesia was preferred in majority of the surgeries during the non-COVID period, spinal anesthesia gained popularity in the COVID period (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The decrease in the number of patients with ASA-I indicates a change in the surgeons’ priorities in emergency surgery cases. Although there is a worldwide approach to the use of laparoscopic surgery, the use of open surgical techniques increased in our hospital.

Key words: Covid-19; Pandemic, Emergency surgery

Citation: Akcaalan Y, Erkilic E, Gulec H, Gumus T, Ozturk L, Kayan G, Kanbak O, Celik N. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the approach to emergency surgery: a comparative study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(3):469-473; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1949

Received: Sep 29, 2021; Reviewed: Jan 10, 2022; Accepted: Mar 26, 2022
Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with intensive care unit mortality in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hizarci Burcu , Sadri Sevil
Published: November 2022

Background & objective: Although the outcome of patients admitted to ICUs have considerably improved in recent years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) continues to be significantly associated with mortality.

We studied the  prognostic factors associated with ICU mortality after HSCT. The Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) was used as a prognostic scoring system.

Methods: Within the scope of the research, the clinical and laboratory data of 52 patients who were admitted to the ICU after undergoing HSCT between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Mortality risk was found to be 4.22 times higher in patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV) within the first 24 h (P = 0.047), 18.37 times higher in patients who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support (P = 0.007), and 158.17 times higher in recipients of vasopressor drug support compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). It was found that a one unit increase in GCS score decreased mortality risk by 0.58 fold (P = 0.015). Additionally, a one unit increase in heart rate was found to increase mortality risk by 1.03 fold (P = 0.010). Whereas, one unit increases in systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure decreased the mortality risk by 0.91 and 0.92 fold, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002). Mortality was not associated with APACHE II or graft-versus-host disease.

Conclusion: Receiving MV, TPN or vasopressor treatment, and having lower GCS, higher heart rate, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with an increase in the risk of ICU mortality in HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU.

Abbreviations: HSCT - hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; TPN - total parenteral nutrition; APACHE II - Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II: GVHT - graft-versus-host disease; ICU - intensive care unit; GCS – Glasgow Coma Scale; MODS - Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 

Key words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Intensive care; Mortality; Mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition; MV- mechanical ventilation;

Citation: Tunay B, Sadri S. Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with intensive care unit mortality in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):480-487 ; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1951

Received: Nov 12, 2021; Reviewed: May 11, 2022; Accepted: July 08, 2022
A mannequin based comparative study of quality of chest compression with or without personal protective equipment (PPE)
Authors: Firdaus Riyadh , Yoe Steven , Sugiarto Adhrie
Published: November 2022

Background & Objective: The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is highly recommended during chest compression in COVID-19 patients, as it can generate aerosols. It was thought that quality of chest compression might be affected by the use of PPE. We compared the quality of chest compression with or without PPE using a mannequin to formulate practical recommendations.

Methodology: This observational analytical study used randomised crossover design, and was carried out in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from December 2020 to July 2021. After a thorough assessment, a total of 92 samples fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The chosen participants were postgraduate residents, and they were asked to do chest compression on a mannequin with (Group-I) and without PPE (Group-II) and with breaks in between. The quality of CPR was measured using feedback tool CPR R Series® Monitor (Zoll Inc., USA). After a break the groups were crossed over and re-evaluated.

Results: Sixty-five (35.3%) non-PPE participants did quality compression, but only 16 (8.7%) did quality compression when using PPE (P < 0.001). Effective compression was done by 80 (43.5%) of the non-PPE participants, compared to 61 (33.2%) participants doing the compression effectively when using PPE (P = 0.002). Eighty-two (44.6%) non-PPE participants did adequate compressions compared to 61 (33.2%) participants when using PPE (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the post-compression fatigue level was 7 (6.00-9.00) when using PPE compared to 5 (3.00-7.00) when not using PPE (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The use of PPE during chest compressions can reduce the quality of compression and increase the level of post-compression fatigue compared to performing chest compressions without PPE. PPE use was also associated with low levels of effectiveness, and adequacy of the chest compression.

Abbreviations: PPE - Personal Protective Equipment; CPR – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; AHA - American Heart Association; ERC - European Resuscitation Council

Key words: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / methods; Clinical Competence; Compression; COVID-19; Emergency Service, Hospital; Feedback; Heart Massage / methods; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / therapy; PPE; resuscitation, post-compression fatigue; Treatment Outcome

Citation: Yoe S, Firdaus R, Sugiarto A. A mannequin based comparative study of quality of chest compression with or without personal protective equipment (PPE). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):496-502.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1953

Received: May 19, 2022; Reviewed: July 07, 2022; Accepted: July 22, 2022
Risk assessment of maternal venous thromboembolism in antenatal and postnatal period; a cross-sectional, descriptive study
Authors: Hassan Hadbaa , Mohmmed Salam Jasim
Published: November 2022

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is quite common disease and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. According to report on mortality by Iraqi Ministry of Health, maternal pulmonary embolism was the second most common cause among the direct causes of maternal deaths. We assessed the risk of thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium.

Methodology: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in selected primary healthcare centers in Al-Najaf during the period from April 01, 2018 to December 01, 2018. We selected 236 women (pregnant and postpartum) by convenient sampling method. All pregnant and postpartum women reporting to the hospital constituted the target population of the study.

Results: Risk assessment in antenatal group was low in 119 (74.4%) women, intermediate in 40 (25.0%) and high in one (0.6%) woman, while in postnatal group it was low in 50 (65.8%), intermediate in 25 (32.9%) and high in one woman (1.3%). According to these findings, the frequency of low risk was higher in antenatal group compared to postnatal group, while the frequency of intermediate and high risks was higher in postnatal than antenatal group; however, the differences were not significant statistically, (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Women have more high and intermediate risk of thromboembolism in the postnatal period than antenatal period. The significant risk factors are multiple parity, middle age, gross obesity, medical comorbidities, preeclampsia, current systemic infection, elective cesarean section and hyperemesis gravidarum with dehydration.
Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients infected with variants of concerns
Authors: Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Putri Innas Safira , Widiatmaja Deandra Maharani , Praba Venansya Maulina , Visuddho Visuddho , Prameswari Faida Ufaira , Zahrani Marsha , Putra Felix Nugraha , Nugraha David , Widiastara Antonio Ayrton
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 cases in Indonesia seemed to be increasing by each passing day at the time of writing this review, more positive cases discovered than the recovered ones. With the highest rank within all ASEAN countries, and also a home of many variants of COVID-19, Indonesia had become a break off destination to others. Along with the problem associated with the pandemic, which all people had to face, the purpose of this review is to elaborate the use of convalescent plasma therapy on treatment against COVID-19, especially its different variants. We overview the evidence that we obtained from several databases using specific keywords. A large amount of evidence points out that the convalescent plasma therapy has shown a promising outcome against COVID-19 infection, as it did for infectious diseases. Although in COVID-19 variants of concern, convalescent plasma therapy showed a reduction in neutralization ~ 3-fold against P.1, and 7-13 folds against B.1.351 variant, it still can be used as a treatment for COVID-19 and its variants.

Abbreviations: PPE - personal protective equipment; VoC - Variants of concern; VoI - Variants of interest; CPT - convalescent plasma therapy; RBD - receptor-binding domain; ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ICU - Intensive Care Unit; IQR - Interquartile Range; RCT - Randomized Clinical Trial; RT-PCR - Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction; NAbs - neutralizing antibodies

Key words: Convalescent plasma therapy; COVID-19, Variants of Concern

Citation: Kurniawati EM, Putri IS, Widiatmaja DM, Praba VM, Visuddho 2, Prameswari FU, Zahrani M, Putra FN, Nugraha D, Widiastara AA. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients infected with variants of concerns. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):535-545; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1962

Received: July 31, 2021; Reviewed: May 17, 2022; Accepted: May 18, 2022
Delayed onset intermediate syndrome after organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Ayoub Ahmed Hany , Soliman Mohamed I. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Rageh Mohammed T.
Published: November 2022

Intermediate syndrome is not an uncommon condition, it may occur following exposure to organophosphates, either accidental or suicidal. Picture of intermediate syndrome can develop within 24 to 96 h. We report the case of a 41-year-old male patient, who had a picture of intermediate syndrome, occurring with a delayed onset, than the usual, after exposure to an insecticide solution containing organophosphates. We stress that the patients who have recovered from initial acute cholinergic crisis, should be closely observed for the development of intermediate syndrome.

Abbreviations: ER - emergency room; GCS - Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU - intensive care unit; IMS - Intermediate syndrome

Key words: Adult; Atropine / administration & dosage; Atropine / therapeutic use; Critical Care; Humans; Insecticides / poisoning; Intermediate syndrome; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists / administration & dosage; Muscarinic Antagonists / therapeutic use; Organophosphorus Compounds; Poisoning / diagnosis; Poisoning / drug therapy; Pralidoxime Compounds / administration & dosage; Respiration, Artificial / methods

Citation: Ayoub AH, Soliman MI, Hussein MA, Rageh MT. Delayed onset intermediate syndrome after organophosphate poisoning. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):551-553; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1964

Received: June 02, 2022; Reviewed: July 11,2022; Accepted: July 11,2022
Difficult vascular access for hemodialysis in congenital bilateral absence of radial artery and probable VACTERL association: a case report
Authors: Mahbuba Wadhah , Kareem Ghada
Published: November 2022

Isolated bilateral absence of radial artery in association with other congenital anomalies, together named VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities) is a very rare phenomenon. We report a patient, known to have VACTERL association, and who presented with ESRD. He was on hemodialysis and had been subjected to multiple failed tries at vascular access due to congenital bilateral absence of radial arteries and other vascular anomalies. This case report highlights hemodialysis options in congenital bilateral absence of radial artery and probable VACTERL association showing superiority of arteriovenous fistula despite its accompanying complications.

Key words: VACTERL; Abnormalities, Multiple / classification; Kidney / abnormalities; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Bilateral absent radial artery; Hemodialysis; AV fistula, Failure; AV fistula, Complications

Abbreviations: VACTERL - Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities; AVF - Arteriovenous fistula; ESRD - End-stage renal disease; AVG - Arteriovenous graft; CVC - Central venous catheter

Citation: Kareem G, Mahbuba W. Difficult vascular access for hemodialysis in congenital bilateral absence of radial artery and probable VACTERL association: a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(3):559-562.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1966

Received: June 05, 2022; Reviewed: June 12, 2022; Accepted: June 17, 2022
Awake fiberoptic intubation in a pediatric patient with cervical spine injuries on a halo-vest: a case report
Authors: Hassan Mohamad Hasyizan
Published: November 2022

Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) in pediatric patients remains a continuous challenge for the anesthetists, and is considered more cumbersome a procedure as compared to the adult population. The coexistence of unstable cervical spine injuries, although rare, but complicates the procedure even more. Proper pre-planning, adequate sedation and analgesia and the patient’s conscious cooperation are needed to ensure success. We describe a step-by-step approach to a successful AFOI in a 12-year-old child who had atlantooccipital instability and had a halo-vest on. Titrated dose of sedation and analgesia, obtunding airway reflex and patient’s cooperation is a key to successful AFOI in this patient.

Abbreviations: AFIO: Awake fiberoptic intubation; OMF: Oromaxillofacial; BMI: body mass index; TCI: Target-controlled infusion

Key words: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction / complications; Anesthesia / methods; Child; Dexmedetomidine, Intravenous infusion; Fiber Optic Technology; Intubation, Intratracheal / methods; Laryngoscopes; Pediatric

Citation: Hassan MH. Awake fiberoptic intubation in a pediatric patient with cervical spine injuries on a halo-vest: a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):569-573; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1968

Received: April 30, 2022; Reviewed: May 01, 2022; Accepted: June 28, 2022
Does vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 increase the chances of fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
Authors: Mohammadnejad Sara , Heidarzadeh Hamid , Vazir Ellahe Bahrami- , Mohammadi Azam
Published: November 2022

Summary: COVID-19 has been associated with factors such as inflammation, obesity, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism. These factors are also directly related to Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesize that concurrent COVID-19 and high dose vitamin D supplement will decrease the inflammation, and can increase the chances of fertility in these women.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Inflammation; Infertility

Citation: Heidarzadeh H, Bahrami-Vazir E, Mohammadi A, Mohammadnejad S. Does vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 increase the chances of fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):574-575.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1969
How long should the pre-operative fasting time be in patients with enteral tube nutrition?
Authors: Useche Leonel Santiago Vega , Useche Camilo Vega
Published: November 2022

Summary: The authors have touched a very important aspect of anesthesia and surgical practice, regarding the period of preoperative fasting for patients who are on enteral feeding. The authors recommend a fasting time between 45 min and 4 h (if the airway is to be manipulated during the procedure), is adequate to perform surgical procedures in patients with enteral tube nutrition. In other patients gastric suctioning before the procedure might be adequate.

Key words: Adult; Elective Surgical Procedures; Enteral nutrition; Fasting; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Nutritional Status; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Preoperative Care / methods; Preoperative Period; Critical Illness / therapy; Patient Safety; Risk Management

Citation: Useche LSV, Useche CV. How long should the pre-operative fasting time be in patients with enteral tube nutrition? Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):576-577; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1970__
Dr. Major (Retd) Mohammad Aslam
Authors: Ayub Leena , Khalique Khalid
Published: November 2022

Obituary
XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS: DIFFICULTY IN DIFFERENTIATING FROM GALLBLADDER CANCER
Authors: Gupta Vartika , K. Mangtani Jitendra , Bharwad Parth , Uddin Salman
Published: November 2022

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a benign, rare form of
chronic cholecystitis characterized by focal or diffuse inammation of
the gallbladder. Its incidence varies in different subjects from 1.2% to
8.9%. It is often misdiagnosed as a carcinoma GB in many cases in
clinical and radiological diagnoses, and sometimes even in
histopathological tests. XGC was rst described by Christensen and
Ishak, as Fibroxanthogranulomatous inammation in the 1970s. This
condition was later described as ceroid as histiocytic granuloma of the
gall bladder (GB) and biliary granulomatous cholecystitis. It is
characterized by focal or diffuse destructive inammatory process that
mainly involves endothelial cells, brous tissues and lipid-laden
macrophages. In particular it shows brownish-yellow spots with
unusual irregular and asymmetrical thickening of the bladder wall. Its
pathogenesis is unclear. It is thought to begin as biliary obstruction
with severe or chronic cholelithiasis and an increase in intragallbladder pressure.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR FOR LARGE ROTATOR CUFF TEARS FOLLOWING ARTHROSCOPIC DOUBLE ROW -TRANSOSSEOUS EQUIVALENT REPAIR V/S SINGLE ROW ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR
Authors: Reddy M Rohith , Paladugu Kirthi , Manjunath RV Somesh
Published: November 2022

Tears of the rotator cuff tendons remain a common source of pain and disability among the adult population. Age appears to be the most common
aetiology, with 25% of individuals in their 60's and in 50% of individuals in their 80's being found to have rotator cuff tears. Prevalence of partial
thickness rotator cuff tears ranges from 15 to 32% in the general population, and is higher (40%) in the dominant arm. Arthroscopic Adequate Initial
xation plays a key role in achieving successful healing with rotator cuff tears. A number of surgical techniques have been described for the repair
of rotator cuff injuries. These include xation both single- and double-row suture anchor techniques, transosseous Equivalent Repair. Much debate
exists over the gold standard surgical technique, in particular with regards to Single Vs Double row methods.
TZANAKIS SCORE AS A TOOL TO DIAGNOSE ACUTE APPENDICITIS.
Authors: NR Chalana , D Srinivasan , P N Sreeramulu , K Krishnaprasad
Published: November 2022

Background:Appendicitis presents with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen which radiates to other parts which varies with degree of
inammation.1 It is one of the most common emergencies in surgery. The accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis is approximately 70 to 87% and
misdiagnosis are common which may result in occurrence of perforation 20% and negative appendectomy 2% to 30%.2 For diagnosis of acute
appendicitis it depends on clinical history, presentation, examination and laboratory investigations along with early appendectomy can avoid
complications arising from perforation, mass formation, peritonitis. Along with this Ultra sonogram is also tagged with the clinical examination in
this condition3. Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical emergency operations which can mimic other acute conditions of
the abdomen in the right iliac fossa pain mainly among the young, the elderly and females. Appendicitis is a common surgical condition in
department of surgery, its diagnosis always doubtful and is mainly diagnosed with clinical presentation and laboratory investigation such as total
leukocyte count, CRPetc. USG and CTAbdomen and Pelvis also have high sensitivity and specicity but is not cost effective hence results in delay
of treatment leading to complication. To reduce such circumstances and to reduce the cost many scorings systems are introduced based on blood
investigations, clinical presentation and radiological ndings are performed to diagnose this condition4. Raja IsteriPengiranAnakSaleha
Appendicitis (RIPASA) 5, Alvarado6, Tzanakis 1 are most commonly used scoring systems to diagnose acute appendicitis. The aim of this study is
to determine the accuracy of three scores in accurate diagnose of acute appendicitis by correlating them with the gold standard of histopathological
conrmed appendicitis. Objectives: The objective was to compare the TZANAKIS,Raja IsteriPengiranAnakSaleha Appendicitis (RIPASA),
Alvarado, scores in patients with right iliac fossa pain to diagnose acute appendicitis and obtain best scoring system out of these in RL jalappa
hospital in cost effective way. Materials And Methods: A.Retrospective descriptive B.Total number of study subjects-135 All patients treated at
the RLJalappa Hospital for acute appendicitis between January 2021 and April 2022 were identied through a computer-generated search through
the Medical Records Department. Data were extracted retrospectively from hospital records. All patients were evaluated and graded using
TZANAKIS, Raja IsteriPengiranAnakSaleha Appendicitis (RIPASA), Alvarado score. Conclusion TZANAKIS score was better in predicting
appendicitis in RL Jalappa Hospital compared to other RIPASA and ALVARADO scoring system. It had better sensitivity and specicity than the
other two scoring system. It overall reduced negative appendectomy rate and is cost effective with limited characteristics.
PREGNANCY RHINITIS IN SOUTH INDIAN WOMEN
Authors: Kour Gagandeep , Singh Amardeep , V Latha
Published: November 2022

Background: Pregnancy rhinitis (PR) is a common condition which is misclassied and under-diagnosed. It is mainly attributed to changing levels
of sex hormones during pregnancy which returns to normal once the pregnancy is over. Uncontrolled rhinitis during pregnancy may affect quality
of life for mother and may have deleterious effect on fetus. Objectives of study: Objective of present study is to assess the prevalence, frequency of
signs, symptoms and response to treatment in PR in South Indian women. Material and methods: In this prospective study, the pregnant patients
with symptoms and signs of PR were enrolled. Anterior rhinoscopy was performed for signs of congestion, discharge and mucosal changes.
Patients were followed during pregnancy upto two weeks post-partum. Results: Overall incidence of pregnancy rhinitis was 10% in pregnant
women. Major presenting symptoms were nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, excessive sneezing and post-nasal drip. Quality of life was affected to
variable extent in two thirds of patients. Response to the treatment was satisfactory to good in 79% of cases. Twenty one percent patients did not
notice any subjective change in the symptoms. Conclusion: PR has signicant impact on quality of life. Safety of therapeutic measures, advice and
conservative practice form the mainstay of treatment.
CORONAVIRUSES AND POTENTIAL VACCINES
Authors: Sharma Porshia
Published: November 2022

It is believed that CoVs might have been transmitted to humans via animals. Those causing SARS, MERS and COVID-19 probably have
originated from bats. Possibly the transfer of the new CoV strain from the original host species to humans must have involved another animal
species which acted as an intermediate host. The SARS-CoV-2, is most closely related to a group of SARS-CoVs found in humans, bats, pangolins
and civets. As the virus was new, it potentially infected very large numbers of people all around the globe and thus resulted into pandemic. Even
though the number of very severe cases was low in terms of percentage but taking it into terms of number it becomes a very large count of people
with acute illness. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients reportedly develop low titre neutralizing antibody and usually suffered prolonged illness,
that showed a more effective SARS-CoV-2 immune surveillance evasion when compared with SARS-CoV. Various treatments were tried and
different vaccines were tested out to ght against this deadly virus all around the globe. In this article , a brief review of information on different
CoVs and its various vaccine has been made.
“FACTORS AFFECTING POST TRANSFUSION PLATELET COUNT INCREMENT” – AN EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALATTACHED BLOOD CENTRE
Authors: Shah Mamta , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Shah Sangita , Pandav Falguni , Prajapati Hinal , Ahuja Ujjwal , Garhewal Ashwini , Shah Hetali
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Platelets Transfusion are commonly needed patients with low platelet counts or patients with platelet dysfunction and who are
bleeding or at high risk of bleeding. It is a lifesaving procedure that is carried out to prevent bleeding or stop ongoing bleeding in patients. Material
& Method: In this Study we required collection of 2 ml of blood sample In EDTA thrice, once prior and twice post platelet transfusion. Post
transfusion platelet counts were done within 60 minutes after each platelet transfusion, and repeat platelet counts were done after 24 hours and then
daily until a subsequent platelet transfusion. Atotal Of 100 samples were taken in duration of 1 year period. Results:ATotal of 640 (Random Donor
Platelet) platelet transfusions, 1 (SDP) platelet transfusion were given to 100 patients. The percentage of corrected count increment(CCI) were
taken post transfusions, with a 1 hour CCI was lower than 5000 found in total 17 patients which indicated that poor response to platelet transfusion.
ODONTOGENIC SPACE INFECTION: SEVERITY, CLINICAL AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES WITH SEASONAL VARIATION: 7 – YEARS RETROSPECTIVE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: Bhad Kaustubh , Bhavsar Keval , Sood Ramita , Weihsin Hu , Ludhwani Arpana , Makwana Sanjay
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study is to nd a relationship between variations of atmospheric temperature as season changes with indicators
reecting the severity of odontogenic space infections, such as day of presentation, isolated microbes, treatment methods, period of drain
maintenance and hospital stay, with atmospheric temperature variations in different seasons. This study included 259 patients with Methods:
odontogenic infections who were admitted to AMC Dental College and Hospital in Ahmedabad between January 2013 and December 2020. All
indicators of odontogenic infections in terms of severity and treatment outcomes are to be considered with seasons. In the summer season, Results:
we noticed a statistical correlation between the incidences of odontogenic infections, the early day of presentation, and the longer drain
maintenance period. It means that reported cases were more prevalent in high temperatures present during the summer season, with higher clinical
incidence and severity. The study result reveals the relationship between Conclusion: atmospheric temperatures as seasons vary with the incidence
of odontogenic infection. The high atmospheric temperature in the summer season has higher cases of incidence of infections and drain maintained
for more days in terms of severity. Treatment of odontogenic infections poses a s Clinical Implications: ignicant nancial burden for public
health service providers. The results of this study can be used to adjust the number of doctors/dental surgeons on duty to reect changing weather
conditions. Either way, it serves as an important tool for innovation and creativity.
A STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Ohri Poonam , Madaan Naman , Chhabra Ajay , Sharma Raman
Published: November 2022

Aim: The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and assess the association of the metabolic syndrome in a population of young
stroke patients. Material And Method: This study was conducted on 50 patients of Cerebrovascular accident/Stroke. These patients were studied
for prevalence and association of stroke with metabolic syndrome. Patients presenting with neuroradiological features of stroke (clinically and
CT/MRI Brain proven) of age >15 years and <55 years were included in the study. Detailed history, physical examination and necessary
investigations were undertaken. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in stroke patients was found to be 56% which was most prevalent
in the age group of 40-50 years (50.0%). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more in females but the difference was statistically insignicant
(p=0.144). Diabetes and Hypertension were the most common risk factors in metabolic syndrome patients and on statistical analysis the difference
was signicant (p<0.05). The difference was statistically signicant for all the components of metabolic syndrome (Waist circumference, HDL,
TGL, FBS, SBP, DBP). Conclusion: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young stroke patients is higher and we found a strong association of
metabolic syndrome with young stroke patients.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ACCURACY OF DIFFERENT INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATION FORMULAS IN VARIOUS AXIAL LENGTH SUBSETS
Authors: Unnisa Rahmath , A. Panjwani Sahil
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To nd the most accurate IOL power calculation formula in predicting the post-operative refractive error in various axial length subsets
by comparing four formulas viz SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q. A prospective, com Materials and Methods: parative study was
conducted at Gandhi Medical College and Hospital and Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital. Study group consisted of subjects undergoing
phacoemulsication with intraocular lens implantation. IOL powers were calculated for each group with SRK II, SRK/T, Hoffer Q and Holladay I.
The predicted postoperative spherical equivalent (PSE) for the chosen IOL power was noted for each formula. The predictive accuracy of each
formula in each group was analyzed by comparing the difference between the actual postoperatively measured Spherical Equivalent (SE) and the
preoperatively Predicted Spherical Equivalent (PSE) as Estimation Error (E). The absolute error (AE) was dened as the absolute value of E.
Results: 130 eyes were included in the study which were divided into 3 groups. The mean Absolute Error (±SD) for SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1
and Hoffer Q was 0.87 ± 0.69, 0.96 ± 0.79, 1.1 ± 0.88 and 1.18 ± 0.94, respectively. The Hoffer Q formula had statistically signicant higher mean
Absolute Error in comparison to SRK II (p < 0.02). There was no statistically signicant difference in mean Absolute Error of SRK II, SRK/T and
Holladay 1. SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q were equally accurate in pre Conclusion: dicting the postoperative refraction group A and
group C. Hoffer Q was the least accurate in group B.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PLATELET RICH PLASMA INJECTION AND EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF PAIN AND FUNCTION IN CHRONIC LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Purnimala Chanu Kongkham , Joy Singh Akoijam , Ningthemba Singh Yumnam , Bhupes Pheiroijam , Nandabir Singh Yumnam , Sobhasini Devi Laimujam , Adarsh Singh Sagolsem
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a painful condition of the elbow, resulting from non-inammatory tendinopathy along the extensor
origin of the lateral epicondyle. PRP and ESWT are commonly used therapies for the treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis. But the superiority
of treatment over one another is not known. This study is conducted to compare between platelet rich plasma injection and ESWT therapy in the
improvement of pain and function in chronic lateral epicondylitis. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted in
Department of Sports Medicine, Imphal on patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis comparing the effectiveness of PRP (Study group) and
ESWT(control group). Data were collected from a sample size of 84 patients fullling the inclusion criteria. Analysis was done by using mean, SD,
chi square test and independent t-test. Results: VAS and DASH score were used as outcome measures which was measured at baseline, 4 weeks,12
weeks and 24 weeks. VAS score improved from 7.13 ± 0.48 to 3.25 ± 1.20 and DASH score improved from 88± 0.9 to 34.16± 0.6 in the study group
at 24 weeks follow up. Conclusion:There was signicant improvement in all outcome measures with p-value of <0.05 in study group. Hence, PRP
is a promising technique for the treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis.
PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE AMONG NON-SMOKERS ATTENDING NIMS HOSPITAL
Authors: Kumar C Sanil , Hrangkhawl Wilson , Yadav Rajesh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Chronic pulmonary disease is currently the 4th leading cause of death all over the world. An estimated 25–40% of patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have never smoked. We investigate the prevalence of different respiratory disease with HRCT
among non smokers in Rajasthan. A total of 190 patients referred for HRCT scan atte Methodology: nding NIMS Hospital Rajasthan participated in
the cross sectional study. The participants were screened for non smoking with questionnaire and HRCT thorax scan was performed to look for
possible respiratory disease. It was observed that the mean age of the parti Results: cipants was 52.43 with SD 17.822. 123. The highest prevalence
of respiratory disease was observed among the elderly population. The percentage of respiratory disease among the male was 49.47% and 28.42%
in female. COPD percentage among the population was 21.05%, tuberculosis 12.11%, ILD 4.21%, Cystic Bronchiectasis 4.21%, Aspergilloma
2.11%. Respiratory disease among non smoking population is prevalent, on both the genders but s Conclusion: lightly higher in male populations.
MR NEUROGRAPHY AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN TRAUMA
Authors: Sankhe Ashwini , Hosamani Sachin , Dhote Sayali
Published: November 2022

Evaluation of the peripheral nervous system and its various pathologies previously was dependant on clinical examination and electrodiagnostic
tests. But, electrodiagnostic studies are often time-consuming and provide indeterminate results. These tests can even at times be unfeasible in
patients with skin diseases and in cases where deeply situated inaccessible nerves are involved. Imaging of peripheral nerves was considered
difcult as only the supercial nerves could be imaged by ultrasound. With the advent of 3T MRI, things began to change. MR Neurography is not
operator-dependent unlike ultrasound which is operator dependant. It helps in better depiction of soft tissue abnormalities, subtle signal changes,
and offers better visualization of a nerve abnormality as well as any abnormalities in the surrounding tissues. Also, the secondary muscle
denervation changes are better seen on MR Neurography examinations. In this study we aim to understand the various imaging patterns of injuries
involving the peripheral nerves and brachial plexus in trauma.
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL OBESITY
Authors: Nazneen Khan Saba , Abdul Baseer Mohammed , Mohsin Ahmed Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Background The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors of metabolic origin that are accompanied by increased risk for
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The two major underlying risk factors for the metabolic syndrome are obesity and insulin resistance.
The aim of this study is to study obesity prole, lipid prole, hsCRP, GGTand microalbuminuria in patients with metabolic syndrome and compare
with that of healthy controls. Materials and methods Total 100 subjects were taken for the study. 50 were patients of metabolic syndrome and 50
were healthy controls. Patients were examined for the features of metabolic syndrome and complications of obesity, between May 2012 – June
2013. All patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination and relevant investigations. Results Waist circumference, WHR and BMI were
proportionately high in patients with metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy controls. Signicant increase in lipid parameters, fasting
blood glucose, hsCRP, GGT and microalbuminuria were seen in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion
Our study support the growing evidence that waist circumference can serve as a practical screening method for the metabolic risks that often
accompany overweight and obesity. The message emerging from this study is how best to dene and screen for metabolic syndrome, considering
energy stores on the one hand and health risks on the other.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE PERIOD PREVALENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
Authors: Akula Vajrang , Rai B Vijeth , Shetty Gagandeep , Titus Austin , Ameer Ali P. S. M.
Published: November 2022

The infection of a wound can be dened as the invasion of organisms
through tissues following a breakdown of local and systemic host
defences, leading to cellulitis, lymphangitis, abscess and bacteraemia.
Surgical site infection (SSI) has always been a major complication of
surgery and trauma and has been documented for 4000-5000 years
IMPACT OF FELLOWSHIP TRAINING ON SURGICAL PRODUCTIVITY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: Sharma Siddharth
Published: November 2022

Objectives:To assess whether Surgical productivity is affected by fellowship training by comparing differences in Visual acuity and complication
rates at 3 month and 1 year of fellowship training. Design: Retrospective case series. Settings: Sankara Eye Hospital Ludhiana, Panjab, India.
Methods: Cataract operations performed by a single fellow doctor from March 2021 through March 2022 at Sankara Eye Hospital, Ludhiana
formed the basis for this investigation. In a random fashion, 40 subjects who had undergone manual Small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) were
selected and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was operated at 3rd month (March-April 2021) of fellowship training and Group 2 was operated after 1
year (March-April 2022) of training. Cataract surgeries were analyzed for risk factors, comorbidities, and intraoperative and postoperative
complications. The main outcome measures were postoperative Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), which were correlated with
preoperative demographics. Results: The mean visual acuity improved signicantly after surgery in all patients (P < .001) compared to baseline.
16(80%) patients in Group 1 and 18(90%) of Group 2 achieved a postoperative CDVAof 20/40 or better (P< .001). Visual outcome was comparable
in both groups. The mean postoperative visual acuity did not vary by trainee year and the rate PC tear(5%) during surgery declined as fellow
resident progressed in training (P< .05). Conclusion: Despite more complicated cataracts and advanced comorbidities, fellow-performed cataract
surgery in a tertiary-care county hospital system achieved comparable visual outcomes similar to those found at start.
NATIONAL COVID VACCINATION PROGRAM – AN EXPERIENCE AS WHO EXTERNAL MONITOR FOR RURALAND URBAN AREAS OF PERAMBALUR DISTRICT, TAMILNADU.
Authors: Pradeep K.
Published: November 2022

India's National COVID Vaccination Program has evolved through epidemiological evidence, WHO guidelines and global best practices. India's
COVID-19 vaccination program has achieved the historical milestone of administering more than 180 crore doses so far. 90% of the adult
population of the country has been covered with at least one dose and 62% of the adult population has been covered with both doses. The
Surveillance Medical Ofcer – WHO of each State or UT appoints external monitors to various session sites for monitoring the session site. I have
monitored the session site by the guidelines and checklist given by WHO under four categories includes programmatic monitoring, operational
monitoring, Co-WIN and verication and communication. This was the wonderful opportunity to learn about the programmatic and operational
process of National covid vaccination program in the ground level reality and could able to understand the challenges of health care workers and
beneciaries during this vaccination drive.
印尼疫情期间及恢复实体课后的华文教学现状
Authors: Christian Symphony Akelba
Published: November 2022

摘要由于新冠疫情的关系，自2020年3月起，印尼的华文教学被迫进行线上课。印尼华文教师们不得不要适应这一新的教学模式。随着疫情好转，教师和学生也顺利接种疫苗后，印尼开始恢复实体课，教师也要再次回到实体课的教学模式。本研究主要研究印尼疫情期间和恢复实体课后的华文教学现状。主要是通过两份调查问卷收集研究资料。参与本次调查的印尼华文教师共有131名。研究结果显示，疫情期间大部分的华文教学是通过Zoom和Google Meet这两个平台进行同步的线上教学。教师们的数字技术能力也有很大的提高，除了准备PPT课件，教师们也使用网上的资源和线上软件/网站/工具来进行线上练习、作业和考试，成功吸引了学生的注意力并提高了学生的学习兴趣。恢复实体课后，部分教师也还继续使用这些软件和技术，以便不断提高教学质量。由此可见，技术在华文教学中的应用是未来印尼华文教学的发展趋势。 关键词: 线上教学；实体课；华文。 AbstractDue to the COVID-19 outbreak, since March 2020, Chinese language teaching in Indonesia has been forced to conduct online classes. Indonesian Chinese teachers have to adapt to this new teaching model. After the improvement of the new crown epidemic, after teachers and students successfully received the vaccine, Indonesia will resume face-to-face learning, and teachers will also return to the teaching mode of face-to-face learning again. This study mainly studies the current situation of Chinese language teaching in Indonesia during the epidemic and after the resumption of face-to-face learning. The research data was mainly collected through two questionnaires. A total of 131 Indonesian Chinese teachers participated in this survey. The research results show that during the epidemic, most of the Chinese teaching was conducted online through two teaching platforms, Zoom and Google Meet. Teachers' digital competence have also been greatly improved. In addition to preparing PPT courseware, teachers also use online resources and online software/websites/tools to conduct online exercises, assignments and exams, successfully attracting students' attention and improving students interest in learning Chinese. After the resumption of face-to-face learning, some teachers continue to use these technologies to continuously improve the quality of teaching. It can be seen that the application of technology in Chinese language teaching is the development trend of Chinese language teaching in Indonesia in the future. Keywords: Online learning; face-to-face learning; Chinese.
Uma visão além da prática: análise da produção cientifica sobre o futsal na escola na base de dados Scopus (2016-2020).
Authors: Habinoski Guilherme , Cassins Moreira do Carmo Gonçalo , Pedroso Bruno , Archanjo de Freitas Junior Miguel
Published: November 2022

OBJETIVO: O objetivo central do estudo consistiu em identificar o que foi abordado pelos pesquisadores nos anos de 2016-2020 sobre a temática futsal na escola, em uma base de dados de excelência.MÉTODOS: Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados os procedimentos do estado de conhecimento, para análise dispôs-se da Análise de Conteúdo.RESULTADOS: Após a categorização dos estudos coletados, identificou-se que o futsal foi abordado por temáticas variadas, sendo elas: Ensino; Aspectos fisiológicos, técnicos e táticos; Futsal e a interdisciplinaridade. Percebeu-se também que a Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), ainda não se tornou uma referência central no desenvolvimento desta modalidade no contexto escolar.CONCLUSÃO: Contudo, os estudos nacionais e internacionais coadunam com algumas proposições presentes neste documento, o que permite afirmar que é possível a realização de um trabalho pedagógico comum básico para esta temática, independente das inúmeras variáveis que interferem nesta ação.
Nonviolent resistance as a strategy of agitation - impeding or promoting unity through communication in South Africa?
Authors: De Wet Johann Cornelius
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on the idea of nonviolent resistance as a strategy of agitation and whether it can help to promote unity through communication in South Africa. By means of critical-analytical argumentation key aspects of nonviolent resistance are posited, placed in historical context, and applied to socio-political reality In South Africa. It is concluded that nonviolent resistance efforts create a greater awareness of stumbling blocks that impede the promotion of Ideal communication (as mutual understanding) among all the social groups in South Africa. However, the dilemma of organising nonviolent actions responsibly, that is in such a way that they do not violate the human rights of others, remains.
Last Word Democratizing South Africa
Authors: Marais H.C.
Published: November 2022

None
buitebladkunswerk
Authors: Snyman Maritha
Published: November 2022

In this article it is postulated that the cover designs of works of Interature are increasingly becoming a part of the "apparell para-textuel" (vide Ge nette and Goldenstein) of the text. According to existing contracts between publishers and writers as well as according to statements made by publishers (vide Ellhahoo et al.), publishers still have a final veto on covers. There is ample evidence however a cover design must, from a semiotic point of view, be regarded as an iconic complement to the linguistic text. Examples are cited of recent works In Afrikaans where covers were specifically chosen with the object of preparing the receiver for the content of the verbal text. Co vers must thus be considered part of the encoded text and can there fore be analysed as such. In the rest of the article the cover designs of four volumes of poetry, of Afrikaans poet Johann de Lange's first, are discussed 88 Iconic representations of the verbal texts. The origin and possible signi fication of the cover designs of Waterwoestyn, Snel grys fantoom, Wordende naak, and Nagsweet are elaborated upon while comparing them to the verbal signs of the poems. This interpretation not only shows that In De Lange's work Iconic and verbal signs stand in Intratextual relation to each other, but also that the Iconic signs of the cover designs can be regarded as Interpretative hipersigns (vide RI faterre et al) making possible a more complete signification of the text.