bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes sociales como medio de promoción turística en los países iberoamericanos
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Guillermo Antonio , Sánchez Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Coronil Araceli Galiano
Published: April 2018

A través de las redes sociales las marcas pueden crear una comunidad virtual alrededor de esa marca permitiendo a los usuarios que lo deseen informarse e interaccionar con las publicaciones realizadas por la propia marca. En este contexto destacan estas redes sociales como canal para obtener y difundir información sobre experiencias de viaje, siendo de gran influencia por parte de los turistas a la hora de tomar una decisión de compra. De esta manera, es de interés conocer como los destinos turísticos utilizan estas redes sociales para realizar sus estrategias de marketing. Así, en este estudio se ha analizado la utilización de las redes sociales oficiales de promoción turística de los 19 países iberoamericanos, estudiando tanto su actividad como su efectividad a través de la medición de indicadores obtenidos mediante la herramienta de análisis online Fanpage Karma. Los resultados, en general, consideran a Facebook como principal red social de promoción turística para estos países, no obstante, cada una de las redes sociales estudiadas son útiles según el objetivo que se quiera alcanzar.
¿Son rentables las empresas concentradas? El caso del sector de curtido de pieles en el Ecuador
Authors: Morales Carrasco Lilian Victoria , Cordova Ana Consuelo , Altamirano Espíndola Luciano David , Lema Tituaña Eva Cristina
Published: April 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación identifica la estructura de mercado del sector Curtido y Adobo de Pieles en el Ecuador CIIU: C151101 y tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre rentabilidad, costos y concentración de mercado. Se calculó el índice de Herfindhal-Hirshman utilizado para casos de estructura de mercado imperfecta; y por otro lado, los índices de solvencia, liquidez, rentabilidad, para evaluar el desempeño financiero de las empresas concentradas. Además, se diseñaron cuatro modelos econométricos a los cuales se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas de idoneidad de los estimadores. Se aplicó análisis de regresión lineal simple y múltiple en varias experimentaciones a través de Mínimos cuadrados Ordinarios. De las nueve empresas del oligopolio, se identificaron cuatro empresas concentradas que controlan el  73,12% del mercado, con un margen de rentabilidad  del 0,1391 promedio del oligopolio para el período de estudio 2011-2015. De los modelos econométricos desarrollados uno permitió evidenciar a través de la prueba estadística de Fisher que la concentración de mercado y los costos de producción inciden en la rentabilidad con un p-value de 0,00035, es decir, existe una relación lineal significativa de la rentabilidad del oligopolio con los costos de producción y la concentración del mercado, demostrándose así que este grupo de empresas obtienen beneficios por efecto de su capacidad para concentrar el mercado.
Causes and Effects of Occupational Stress in Private Sector: An Empirical Study for Kerala
Authors: T. Jayarajan K. , Vasanthagopal R.
Published: April 2018

After decades of economic stagnation, the private sector has assumed critical significance as a generator of employment and as a contributor to the economy of a country. It is a known fact that employees working in the private sector are encompassing stress-related problems and many have imbibed coping techniques. The empirical study, based on a sample size of 450 executives in the three regions of Kerala spread across insurance, IT and banking sectors, aims to assess the causes of stress and its effects among executives in the private insurance, IT and banking sectors in Kerala (India). The study observed that though the causes of stress are different in these three sectors, work-related causes viz. working under pressure, monotonous and meaningless task, and long and unsocial hours are the major causes of stress among executives. The study also found a positive effect of stress on the psychological, physical and occupational levels of executives.
Determinants of Agricultural Productivity in India: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Tanaya Priyadarsini Biswashree , Nayak Chittaranjan
Published: April 2018

The main aim of this paper is to examine both short run and long run effects of various factors on agricultural productivity in India. The present study used the annual time series data covering the time period from 1980 to 2013. Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model are adopted in order to examine the objective of the study. The study has analysed the relative effectiveness of various factors like Irrigation (PGIA), Fertilizer (FERT), Electricity (ELCT), Private investment in agriculture (PII) and Non-product specific support to inputs (NPSS) on agricultural productivity. The cointegration results suggest that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between all the determinants and agricultural productivity. The vector error correction model indicates that there is long run causality running from PGIA, FERT, NPSS, ELCT, and PII to Productivity meaning that all the factors have significant influence on productivity in long run. However, as regards short run, only PGIA and PII have significant impact on agricultural productivity. The study suggests that the government should take initiative for non-product specific support to major inputs like organic fertilizer, power and irrigation and also promote private investment in agricultural sector to enhance agricultural productivity which will go a long way in development of agricultural sector.
Employee Perception of Human Resource Management Policies: A Study of Insurance Sector in Rajasthan
Authors: Agarwal Mayank
Published: April 2018

Modern age is of significant cut-throat competition where companies in almost every sphere especially service sector are attempting hard to gain the confidence of customers by rendering them value added service and quality path-breaking products. The intent of this paper is to examine the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on employees as well as the organisation, particularly in the insurance sector in two major cities of Rajasthan state. Three categories of human resources in the insurance sector were selected for the study sample. Further, due consideration was also given to the nature and status of employees to make the sample representative and to elicit most representative views on various aspects and practices of HRM in multiple proportions. Demographic profile and every important element of HRM that plays a significant role in improving and maintaining viable relations between the employee and employer have been discussed. Their role in improving the financial health and credit worthiness of the organisation is also discussed. The findings of this study also indicate that better HRM practices have immense positive impact on employees in the form of higher degree of satisfaction, dedication and higher retention which ultimately results in eventful success of the organisation.
Modelling Volatility of BSE Realty Index using Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models
Authors: Kadanda Dhananjaya , Raj Krishna
Published: April 2018

This study empirically examines the nature of volatility in BSE Realty Index using daily closing price of BSE Realty Index for five and half years period from January 2011 to June 2016. The study employed conditional heteroscedasticity models, both symmetric and asymmetric, for the analysis. The study found that the volatility is persistent in the Index return indicating the presence of volatility clustering in the series. Further, the study reports the presence of asymmetric or leverage effect in the series as the leverage coefficient γ is significant in EGARCH model indicating that negative shocks have significant effect on volatility. However, the study did not find significant risk-return trade-off in the series.
Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) across the States of India: An Overview
Authors: Basak Radhagobinda
Published: April 2018

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 was introduced in India to create employment opportunities for the rural people. As per the provisions of the said Act, the State Government shall, in rural areas in the state, provide to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work not less than one hundred days of such work in every financial year. The present study attempts to review the performance of the scheme implemented in different states of India. On the basis of some selected parameters, performance of the states, in implementing the Act, has been measured. Ranks have been assigned to the states according to their merit in implementing the scheme.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Index ETFs and Index Funds
Authors: Sethi Aakanksha
Published: April 2018

This paper is an empirical analysis of Index ETFs and Index Funds and aims to evaluate the performance of these two instruments on the basis of the following parameters –Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Sharpe Ratio, Active returns and Tracking Error. The examination reveals that ETFs outperformed Index Funds on all parameters during the study period except in case of tracking error. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test has also been conducted to analyse the head-to-head performance of ETFs and Index funds, here also the ETFs produce significantly superior returns. Qualitative differences between these two classes of instrument reveal that Index funds are more suited to small retail investors while ETFs are found to be better for institutional and large investors.
Trends and Pattern of Population Ageing in India and West Bengal: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nayak Archita , Bagchi K. K.
Published: April 2018

Population ageing is a global issue which has multi-dimensional impacts on all economic issues of a nation. It is related to many demographic and vital statistics, economic status, health and social status of population. There is a huge variation of population ageing in India varying over state to state, religion to religion, community to community, locality of residences and sex etc. Remarkable shrinkages of population pyramids on population for India and West Bengal over 2001–2011 indicates a decline in fertility leading to an increase in the proportion of elderly population. Attempts have been made to assess ageing and its related aspects in India and West Bengal. Correlation and regression analysis have been employed to study impacts of % decadal growth rate of elderly in general population and human development index. The present study stands for a strong evidence for the Preston’s hypothesis that individuals born in richer countries, on an average, can expect to live longer than those born in poor countries.
Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate: An Empirical Study of Indian Economy
Authors: Chand Khem , Tiwari Rajesh , Phuyal Manish
Published: April 2018

Unemployment has been a major problem for India from a long time. The problem of unemployment is a global phenomenon, with international bodies like ILO predicting the rise in unemployment in India in coming years. The study attempts to find out the effect of economic growth on unemployment rate in India. Gross Domestic Product has been considered as an indicator of economic growth for the study. The data regarding GDP and unemployment rate have been collected from secondary sources like WorldBank database. Correlation and Regression analysis have been used to study the nature and degree of effect of economic growth on unemployment rate. It has been found that there is a strong negative correlation between economic growth and unemployment rate. Also, it was found that GDP accounts for 48% of cause of change in unemployment rate. The findings are in line with the Okun’s law and the conclusions of studies conducted in the past.
Trends and Pattern of Expenditure and Infrastructure Development of Education Sector: A Study at Elementary Education Level in Odisha
Authors: Singh Abinash , Aneja Ranjan
Published: April 2018

This paper is an attempt to evaluate the trend and pattern of expenditure on education and progress of infrastructure related to education in Odisha. The study uses growth rate, percentage, and rank with tabulation and graphical representation for the vivid illustration of information and findings. To examine the trend and pattern of expenditure on elementary education the study uses district level data on expenditure and Gross District Domestic Product for a period of 14 years i.e., from 2002-03 to 2015-16. Moreover, the study uses ranking method in which rank of Odisha has been calculated for different infrastructure parameters. The findings of the study shows that, the state is spending too less on elementary education than secondary and higher education, raising expenditure on education is insignificant in south division as many part of these districts still do not have primary or necessary facilities related education and the literacy rate of these district are too low while compared with districts of north and central division, while comparing the rank of Odisha with other states of India the study found that except drinking water facility and number of govt and private schools, in all other parameters Odisha’s rank is declining over the period.
Relationship between Money, Output and Price Level in India: A Granger Causality Approach
Authors: Manikandan M. , Mani N. , Karthikeyan P.
Published: April 2018

The relationship between money supply, income and prices is still a contentious concern mostly between the Keynesians and Monetarists. The Keynesians emphasise that a change in income reflects changes in money through demand for money, which means that there exists a unidirectional causality from income to money without any criticism. The Monetarists claim that money is the most important cause leading to changes in income and prices. Therefore, the direction of causation runs from money to income and prices without any feedback. This article studies the association between these macroeconomic aggregates using time series method of pair wise Granger causality test on annual data of the Indian economy over the period 1950-51 to 2012-13. Lag length is favoured by using standard criteria through VAR estimation. The Monetarists view is strongly supported by the result of this study. It is understood from the paper that the monetary policy has a force on the Indian macroeconomic variables as there is a casual relationship between money supply to inflation and income. Nevertheless, these relationships of variables are sensitive to lag length selections.
Por una antropología visual de la muerte no disciplinar. Perspectivas bergmanianas en “El séptimo sello”
Authors: Hernández Garre José Manuel , De Maya Sánchez Baldomero , Gomariz Sandoval María José
Published: April 2018

El artículo supone una apuesta por una antropología visual de la muerte que no quede reducida al documental etnográfico, a un mero ejercicio disciplinar centrado únicamente en la filmación de pompas fúnebres y ritos funerarios, sino que se abra al potencial refractario de la realidad humana que aportan los productos filmográficos de ficción como el cine. Partiendo de esta perspectiva se ha utilizado un enfoque fenomenológico centrado en el análisis documental de la película “El séptimo sello”, opera prima sobre la muerte del director sueco Ingmar Bergman. Del examen de los resultados emergen tres categorías esenciales que traspasan toda la obra, la dimensión de la muerte como corolario interrogatorio de la vida, las disímiles perspectivas existenciales ante su inminencia y la inevitabilidad de la muerte como parte integradora de la existencia.
Artificios de la muerte. Vida, muerte y un día de muertos Otomí
Authors: Ferro Vidal Luis Enrique
Published: April 2018

Este ensayo tiene como intención generar una reflexión sobre el tema de la muerte conjuntando sus condiciones naturales, socioculturales y religiosas para explicar a través de la teoría Física cuántica que la muerte es una simetría rota que permite a los seres humanos cuestionarse por su existencia y develar por medio del movimiento la existencia de lo trascendente y ayuda a configurar el pensamiento hacia lo infinito. Así, a través de una etnografía que narra el sentido, los símbolos, el significado y el ritual que acompaña a un día de muertos otomí para entender el sentimiento y la importancia que tiene el culto a los muertos en México. Ya que esta festividad nos reencuentra con el pool genético, con la memoria y a la tradición que nos hace ser una comunidad particular en el mundo.
El canto como mecanismo de reparación en las comunidades negras, víctimas de la violencia, del pacífico colombiano: entretejiéndose con el grupo integración pacífico
Authors: Rengifo Carpintero Jony Alexis , Díaz Caicedo Carmen Helena
Published: April 2018

Este artículo es un escrito en el que se reivindica el papel social transformador del canto en las comunidades ancestrales del pacífico Colombiano, como mecanismo de reparación social, de resistencia política y de resiliencia autobiográfica, bajo el espectro de un acervo de saber cultural históricamente presente, pero siempre dinámico, a través del papel protagónico de las cantaoras, específicamente en el de Doña Helena Hinestroza, que actúan como maestras en la re-significación de su saber cultural, para sacar a los jóvenes de contextos sociales de violencia, exclusión y marginación, bajo el efecto tónico del cantá. En tal esfuerzo, la metodología que sirve de pretexto epistemológico, para lograr adentrarse en el mundo de lo no representativo, es la decolonial. Con ella, se logra evidenciar el papel transformador del canto a nivel histórico, pero más aún, a nivel de la acción social cotidiana.
Herramienta didáctica para el desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de habilidades superiores de pensamiento
Authors: Laisequilla Rodríguez Margarita Eugenia
Published: April 2018

La Educación debe llevar al alumnado a elevar sus niveles de razonamiento para ayudarlos en el desarrollo de un pensamiento de carácter superior. No obstante esto no ocurre cotidianamente en las aulas. En México, conforme se avanza en los niveles educativos, se incrementa en los niños la carencia del nivel de pensamiento correspondiente a su edad. Han existido diversos programas para ayudar a los niños a desarrollar su pensamiento que han evidenciado la necesidad que tienen de recibir un andamiaje para alcanzar su máximo potencial en dichas habilidades. Los maestros tienen la responsabilidad de ayudar a sus alumnos brindándoles experiencias enriquecidas, guiándolos hacia la reflexión. El pensamiento reflexivo hace que los alumnos razonen de manera superior logrando aplicar sus conocimientos. El objetivo fue conocer la forma en que se van logrando avances en el desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento en los niños de tercer año de Secundaria (14 y 15 años de edad) al brindarles el espacio y la guía necesarios para la reflexión. Elegimos una metodología cualitativa para así conocer directamente de los niños la forma en la que fueron desarrollando sus habilidades de pensamiento, así como la influencia de la mediación docente. Durante la investigación, los alumnos resolvieron reactivos de las pruebas PISA que evalúan su capacidad para transferir los conocimientos a contextos reales, considerado esto como una habilidad superior de pensamiento, realizando, además, ejercicios de reflexión y metacognición. Los resultados mostraron grandes avances en la capacidad de pensamiento de los alumnos, mejorando además su desempeño escolar y su nivel de acuerdo a PISA.
Violencia entre pareja íntima en contra de la mujer: un análisis de empoderamiento a través de la educación
Authors: Cavazos Diana M.
Published: April 2018

Introducción: El marco teórico de empoderamiento fue utilizado para exponer la relevancia del empoderamiento de mujeres víctimas de violencia entre pareja íntima, a través de programas educativos, para lograr su independencia alejadas de compañeros íntimos violentos. Metodología: Este reporte es un análisis retrospectivo, cuantitativo, no experimental, de datos que exploran los resultados de la toma de decisiones de las mujeres abusadas, después de haber participado en programas educativos de empoderamiento.  La muestra incluyó 2837 expedientes de mujeres adultas, víctimas de diferentes tipos de abuso causado por su pareja íntima. Los expedientes fueron clasificados según la inscripción en los módulos educativos ofrecidos en el albergue. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados utilizando medidas  estadísticas descriptivas para determinar la frecuencia marginal de dos resultados binarios. Resultados: El nivel de participación en los programas educativos fue extremadamente bajo; aun así, las mujeres abusadas que son empoderadas para obtener alojamiento seguro pudieron alejarse de su pareja violenta; sin embargo, aun siendo empoderadas para conseguir empleo o con las destrezas para manejar sus finanzas, la mayoría de la mujeres no obtuvieron empleo ni los recursos económicos para retirarse de la relación violenta. Discusión: Se necesitan programas efectivos que empoderen a la mujer a retirarse del ciclo de violencia entre pareja íntima. Los esfuerzos de investigación son esenciales para determinar la efectividad de programas educativos que empoderan a la mujer a ser participantes activas en su jornada de recuperación de violencia entre pareja intima.
Elección de carrera y género
Authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez Jairo M. , Santana-Vega Lidia E.
Published: April 2018

En la actualidad las mujeres han venido posicionándose social y profesionalmente. Uno de los objetivos dentro del contexto escolar es conocer si el gnénero o los estereotipos de género influyen en la elección de carrera de los chicos y las chicas al finalizar el bachillerato. En nuestra investigación se plantearon los siguientes interrogantes: 1) ¿Qué piensan hacer los estudiantes cuando terminen su bachillerato? 2) ¿Cuáles son los motivos o intereses que los lleva a tomar su decisión o elección? 3) ¿Como incide el género en la toma de decisiones al final del bachillerato? En la investigación se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter descriptivo en el que participaron 155 estudiantes, 87 hombres y 68 mujeres; se adaptó y aplicó el Cuestionario de Orientación Académico y Laboral II (COAL II), diseñado por el Grupo de Investigación en Orientación Educativa y Sociolaboral (GIOES) de la Universidad de La Laguna. Los análisis estadísticos muestran diferencias en la elección de carrera por razón de género, esto es, los chicos y las chicas se inclinan por estudios u ocupaciones que tradicionalmente han sido consideradas propias de cada sexo. Las chicas prefieren carreras donde predominan los valores de sensibilidad y altruismo, mientras los chicos se decantan por el poder y el prestigio como factores determinantes en la elección de carrera.
Estrategias de aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de Educación Superior y su asociación con logros académicos
Authors: Roys Rubio Jacqueline , Pérez García Álvaro
Published: April 2018

La finalidad de la presente investigación fue identificar cuáles son las estrategias de aprendizaje que estaban utilizando 294 Estudiantes Universitarios, de carreras diferentes y en 4 Instituciones de Educación Superior de Ibagué; para de este modo precisar su incidían en el logro  académico. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se implementó una metodología no experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó el Cuestionario CEVEAPEU para la evaluación de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes; para medir el logro académico se utilizaron las actas del período académico agosto a noviembre de 2016. Los estudiantes se clasificaron en mediano, bajo y alto rendimiento. Se encontró que los alumnos con rendimiento alto implementaban más y mejores estrategias que los alumnos medios; dentro de las estrategias más relevantes se encontraron: planificación, control y autorregulación, habilidades de interacción social y aprendizaje con compañeros y, manejo de recursos para usar la información adquirida, incidían significativamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, siendo la estrategia planificación la única que no utilizaban los estudiantes de bajo rendimiento. Se evidenció como las estrategias de aprendizaje se veían directamente relacionadas con la consecución del logro académico.
Créditos
Authors: Pantoja Vallejo Antonio
Published: April 2018

Créditos Núm 19 (2018)
Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar: perspectiva de ações do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem
Authors: Lamblet Luiz Carlos Ribeiro , Padoveze Maria Clara
Published: April 2018

Objective - Characterize the Commission for the Control of Hospital Infections (CCHI) in hospitals by means of the analysis of inspection reports of the Regional Council of Nursing (Coren-SP); obtain subsidies to propose improvements in CCHI nursing activities and improve inspection actions. Method: Descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional study by consulting inspection reports from September 2012 to February 2017. Results: Reports from all hospitals in the state of São Paulo were evaluated (n=838). Of these, 778 hospitals (92.84%) had CCHI, but in 318 (40.87%), nurses were not exclusive, carrying out managerial or assistance actions while acting in the CCHI, not complying with current legislation. Of the 60 institutions that didn’t have CCHI, 51 (85.0%) were small-sized (≥50 beds). Conclusion: The lack of compliance with legal requirements in human resources suggests that the healthcare-associated infection (HCI) prevention structure is still deficient in many hospitals in the state of São Paulo, which may lead to failures in the effective implementation of prevention measures. Audits and inspections, such as those conducted by Coren-SP, play an important role and may become part of a broader governmental strategy to achieve improvements in health services.
O modelo industrial de produção de alimentos sob a perspectiva da sociedade de risco e do princípio da precaução
Authors: Azevedo Juliana Lima de
Published: April 2018

Objective: This paper analyses the relations beween the industrial food production model and the existence of a great number of undernourished people nowadays. Methodology: It was used the deductive method, based on a bibliographical review. Results: The model of agriculture consisting in the use of enormous areas of land for the plantation of a few products, mostly for the outland market, was stablished. The model adopted carries the industrial logic; it is aggressive to nature and highly dependent of technique and science. This model showed no improvement to appease world famine, since it produces not food, but commodities, therefore, it is necessary to verify if it is appropriate to the risk society and to the precautionary principle. Risk society implies acknowledging the existence of many risks, which should be considered in political and judicial decisions, so that the governments act previously to the occurrence of possible damages. On the same basis, acts the precautionary principle, according to which the doubt always benefits the environment. Conclusion: The use of nature should not lead to the exhaustion of resources, risk situations to food security or unequal distribution of food, but to the adoption of production models which coexist with the environment and whose aim is indeed provide food for the living beings.
Saúde Indígena: reflexões contemporâneas
Authors: Wenczenovicz Thaís Janaina
Published: April 2018

Objective: The study aims to analyze some elements of the socio-historical trajectory of public policies in health in the process of realization and social provision this fundamental right beside the indigenous communities in Brazil. Methodology: It was used the literature-interpretative method, accompanied by statistical data for the National Indian Foundation, National Health Foundation and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Results:  The health policy for native peoples is one of the issues of constant discussion by several national and international bodies. Sensitive to diseases brought by non-indigenous peoples and, many times, inhabiting remote regions and of difficult access, indigenous peoples are victims of diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, respiratory infections, hepatitis, sexually transmissible diseases, among other. Since the creation of the National Indian Foundation (Funai), in 1967, various institutions and government agencies undertook the care for Indians.Conclusion: The guidelines were changed several times, but, except for individual cases, in no time the health situation in indigenous lands was really satisfactory.
As conformações contemporâneas para a garantia do acesso ao direito fundamental à saúde: dimensões preventiva e promocional
Authors: Barriquello Carolina Andrade , Sturza Janaína Machado
Published: April 2018

Objective: This text aims to identify the possibilities of access to health, in a universal and egalitarian way, through the strengthening of public policies for prevention and health promotion, as more effective ways of guaranteeing this fundamental right. Methodology: It was verified through a doctrinaire study that follows the deductive method. Results: The speeches about the right to health has been reiterated and commonplace. Conclusion: It is recommended to analyze the investment in programs that reduce or prevent the emergence of diseases, in the detriment of curative procedures, advocates for preventive and promotional forms, which would allow greater assurance of welfare for citizens.
Complexo Econômico Industrial da Saúde: os reflexos jurídicos dos estímulos ao desenvolvimento tecnológico previstos na Lei nº 13.243/2016
Authors: Pereira Silvia do Amaral
Published: April 2018

Objective: The article presents the legal consequences of stimulating technological development, provided for in Law 13,243 / 2016, in the promotion of the Economic Industrial Health Complex. Methodology: Research descriptive exploratory, based on documentary and bibliographical, using primary data made available in the database of the Ministry of Health and secondary presented in articles. Results: The incentives provided for in Law 13243/2016 reflected positively in the development of the Complex. Conclusion: The provisions of Law No. 13243/2016 have had a positive influence on the promotion of the health productive sector, through flexibilization in contracting, in the formalization of partnerships with the productive sector of health, as well as the allocation of resources for the development of technology or technological innovation are relevant aspects for the promotion of the Economic Industrial Health Complex.
Análise da formação pedagógica Lato Sensu em Direito Sanitário da Escola Fiocruz de Governo - Fiocruz Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Gonzaga
Published: April 2018

Objective: The study analyzed the pedagogical training of the Specialization in Sanitary Law of the School of Government in health - Brasília, in the period from 2006 to 2015. Methodology: The research consisted of an analytical-descriptive, qualitative-quantitative study, based on secondary documentary research. We analyzed the academic reports and the pedagogical evaluation questionnaire, with the graduates. Results: The analyzes showed that there was growth in the search for vacancies in the selective processes, as well as the participation of graduates from both the Law and Health area. Conclusion: It was concluded that the implementation of the course was successful, and that specialization offers relevant contributions for the qualification of health professionals and others interested.
Lei nº 13.466/2017 e a alteração do estatuto do idoso: uma contradição ao rol de prioridade especial para pessoas com mais de 80 anos
Authors: Silva Lima Cristiane do Carmo
Published: April 2018

Objective: To analyze the legislative amendment of the Statute of the elderly performed by law 13.466 of 2017/07/12, to the specials priorities granted to the elderly people over 80 years old. Methodology: It was a descriptive-analytical research, with qualitative approach and literature review of the legislation on the elderly population. Results: The analysis of the legislation showed an apparent conflict between legal norms regarding to priority order health care for the elderly population. Conclusion: The subsequent law revoked the previous law on the emergency service queue and the people with 80-year-olds, as of the time of the law, have priority in care, even if they do not present a serious risk to health.
Saúde e pesquisa científica com seres humanos: a conformação dos danos decorrentes e o modelo brasileiro de fiscalização
Authors: Meireles Araújo Ana Thereza , Alegria Lívia
Published: April 2018

Objective: This article objectives to analyze the legal treatment and the procedure adopted by Brazil on clinical research with basis on the Resolution nº 466/2012 from National Health Council towards the occurrence of damages due to the project. Methodology: The research was carried out in nature bibliographical references, in books and articles of the legal area, in ordinary legislations and related resolutions, as well as in articles published in periodicals of the Health area. Results: Damages must be avoided and, when occurring, must provide also an compensation to those who were harmed. Conclusion: Any damages resulting from the experiments should be avoid and noted during the curse of the project, since the moment of the informed consent’s signature to the stage of inspection from the National Ethics and Research Committee and Research Ethics Committees. The completion of a closest monitoring is essential to prevent this damages and to indemnify the participant. Furthermore, it guarantees that the process of consent is being held on a satisfactory form.
Fornecimento de medicamentos não registrados na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária: o discurso de ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Cavalcante Gessika
Published: April 2018

Objective: This article presents as a general theme the results of the  analysis of arguments of Brazilian Federal Supreme Court’s Justices in lawsuits about medicines not registered in Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. Methodology: It is constituted of a comparative case study of the Justices’ votes, in which it is pointed out the similarities and divergences in two extraordinary appeals’ judgments. Results: It was found that there were differences on the issue of the dispensation of non-standardized medications by SUS. Conclusion: The Justices considered the protection of Brazilian population health in relation to the risks by highlighting the importance of having the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency’ registration, because that grants better reliability.
Lei da fosfoetanolamina sintética no Brasil
Authors: Costa Luana Dias , Alves Sandra Mara Campos
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective was to analyze the context in which the aforementioned law was proposed and approved, in light of Brazilian legislation. Methodology: This was a descriptive-analytical study, considering that a theoretical review of the information available on the House Bill PL 4.639 / 2016, Federal Senate PLC No. 3/2016 and the Law of Phosphoethanolamine, Law 13,269, of April 13, 2016, in addition to the normative review of the attributions and competencies of Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency. Results: It is clear that a whole legal framework has been replaced by ordinary legislation with concrete effects. Conclusions: In the case in question, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency performance was disregarded, since it is up to the Agency to carry out all the tests and subsequently release the product for consumption.
A importância da cooperação sul-sul em saúde no processo de implantação da Rede Latino-americana de Banco de Leite Humano
Authors: Santos Marlene Grigorio
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study aims to analyze the importance of the South-South cooperation model for the implementation of the Latin American Network of Human Milk Bank and the actions carried out by Brazil in this implementation process. Methodology: It is a research with the use of bibliographical and documentary analysis, for the understanding of structuring cooperation. The search was carried out in the databases of Scielo, and LILACS, and in the website of the Global Network of Milk Bank of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. We selected 10 articles and five official documents. Results: It is noticed that the cooperation path between the countries was built by events and agreements, which allowed the structuring of the Global Network of Human Milk, the main articulator for the success of the public policy on breastfeeding in Brazil, facing infant mortality, and affirming the female protagonism that moves all actions that cooperate to reduce infant mortality. Conclusion: The strategy maintains a solidarity profile between the agreedments countries, because the objective of mortality decrease is confronting as a successful experience.
Judicialização da política pública de saúde: interação entre o sistema político e o sistema jurídico na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Pauli Liane Teresinha Schuh
Published: April 2018

Objective: It was investigated the interaction between the legal and political systems, through the legal and infralegal framework used by authors, defendants and judges in cases of the ministration of medicines, pharmaceutical raw material and hospitalizations. Methodology: It’s an analytical-descriptive study, of qualitative basis, conducted with primary data accessed on the Attorney General of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to analyze the processes sentenced in the first instance, in the circuit from the Courts of the Public Treasury of the Capital, in the years 2012 and 2013. Results: In the sample of 299 cases, it was found that 58.7% asked for medicines, 24% pharmaceutical raw material and 17.3% of hospitalizations. In legal reasoning, the authors used ordinances of the Ministry of Health, as well as the Federal and State Constitutions, in addition to the Law 8080/90. In his defense, the defendant used resolutions from the Bipartite Intermanagement Commission and ordinances of MS, among others. The magistrates, justified their decisions in the same legislation used by the authors and defendants, not using infralegal standards. Conclusion: The legal professionals use basically the constitution and legal norms, disregarding the infralegal framework where it is inserted the public policy.
Editorial
Authors: Delduque Maria Célia
Published: April 2018

Editorial
Enzimatik, asidik ve sulu ekstraksiyon metotları ile çiriş (Asphodelus aestivus Brot.) yumrularının HPLC ile şeker kompozisyonları
Authors: Karaoğul Eyyüp , Alma Mehmet Hakkı
Published: April 2018

Çalışmanın amacı çiriş otu (Asphodelus aestivus Brot.) yumrularının ekstraksiyon verimlerini ve çözünebilir şeker kompozisyonlarını incelemektir. Çiriş yumrularının ekstraksiyon işlemleri; 150 µL, 300 µL ve 450 µL hacimlerinde Gluko-Amilaz, α-Amilaz ve eşit oranlarda α-Amilaz&Gluko-Amilaz enzim takviyeleri 60 dk, 90 dk, 120 dk ve 180 dk sürelerinde saf su ve 0,8 M ve 1,6 M konsantrasyonunda asetik ve sülfürik asit takviyeleri ile yapılmıştır. Bu yumrularda şeker kompozisyonlarının tespiti için yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi ve refraktif-indeks dedektörü (HPLC-RID) cihazı kullanılmıştır. Çiriş otu yumrularının ekstraksiyon verimleri gravimetrik yöntemle tespit edilmiştir. Çiriş otu yumrularında şeker kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi için glukoz, galaktoz, ksiloz, fruktoz ve sukroz referans olarak kullanılmış ve bunların kalibrasyon grafikleri çizilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre uygulanan farklı ekstraksiyon türleri, hem verimlerin hem de şeker birimlerinin farklı oranlarda çıkmasına sebep olmuş; genellikle ekstraksiyon verimleri % 81-96 arasında seyretmiştir. Ancak en yüksek ekstraksiyon verimi(% 96), enzim veya asit takviyeleri ile yapılan metotların aksine, bir katkının olmadığı saf su ekstraksiyonunda tespit edilmiştir. Çiriş otu yumruları içerisinde glukoz, galaktoz, ksiloz, fruktoz ve sükroz şeker kompozisyonları belirlenmiştir. Çiriş yumrularından elde edilen şekerlerin ana bileşimleri, sükroz için enzimatik metotta 2.510 µg/ml, asidik metotlarda ksiloz için 1.043 µg/ml ve galaktoz için 2.180 µg/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bazı şeker birimleri ise ekstraksiyon metoduna bağlı olarak hidroliz edilememiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan ekstraksiyon metotları oligomer veya polimer formunda olan karbonhidratları hidroliz ederek sükroz oranının daha yüksek çıkmasına sebep olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ekstraksiyona uygulanan takviyeler, sükrozu hidroliz ederek hem glukoz, hem de fruktoz miktarının daha fazla çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Ekstraksiyon koşullarının daha ekstrem olduğu şartlarda ise şekerlerin hidroksimetilfurfurala dönüşmesi şekerlerin tükendiğini göstermiştir.
Long-term Societal Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers: Bolsa Família a Decade in
Authors: Warby Brian
Published: April 2018

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) are innovative poverty intervention programs that have been adapted and adopted in dozens of countries around the world. The effectiveness of the programs in the short-term have been established by a number of studies, but they have only recently been around long enough to begin to observe whether they indeed disrupt the inter-generational poverty cycle as claimed. The expected long-term effects are central to the appeal of CCT programs. This empirical study examines the data to determine whether there is evidence that the long-term effects are as apparent as the short-term effects in one of the original adopters, Brazil. The analysis examines municipal level government data using OLS regression and finds evidence that CCTs raised 8th grade graduation rates and lowered unemployment and birthrates. The conclusion is that, at least in Brazil, CCTs seem to be making headway in changing conditions that often lead to inter-generational poverty cycles.
THE SURVIVAL OF LEADERS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: LESSONS FROM THE CHILEAN STUDENT MOVEMENT*
Authors: von Bülow Marisa
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes the impacts of the process of appropriation of social media on social movement organizations and leaders. It focuses on the case of the Chilean student movement and the cycle of protests that began in 2011. The analysis is based on a multimethods approach, bringing together content analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups, and three years of network data on Twitter users. It shows that the appropriation of Twitter not only reproduced but actually reinforced preexisting asymmetries among actors. However, during the period studied, organizations put in motion control strategies to try to overcome these asymmetries and to use them to their advantage. Paradoxically, some of these led to greater asymmetries instead of greater equalization. Social movement theories on organizational forms and internal democracy demonstrate the continuous relevance of the “paradoxes of participation,” as social movements include new digital technologies in their traditional repertoires.
FIGURATIVE POLITICS: HOW ACTIVISTS LEAD BY EXAMPLE TO CREATE CHANGE*
Authors: Jaster Daniel
Published: April 2018

Scholars and activists have recently taken particular interest in prefigurative politics, a type of action where activists embody their ideal social order in the present, pushing for change through leading by example. However, the prefigurative politics concept has had limited use in broader understandings of protest. This is because: (1) prefigurative politics became associated with leftist and antihierarchical positions; (2) prefigurative politics are conceptually limited to future-oriented movements. I propose a more encompassing understanding of this type of collective action: figurative politics. Figurative politics has two key dimensions: value-rational action and prolepsis. A sociohistorical analysis of a Depression-era agrarian organization called the Farmers' Holiday Association illustrates how this broadened concept provides unique insights into movement strategies and actions. Motivated by a catastrophic wave of farm foreclosures across the Midwest, the Holiday created pockets of an older societal form to delay or fix public foreclosure auctions.
“CONSCIENCE ADHERENTS” REVISITED: NON-LGBT PRIDE PARADE PARTICIPANTS*
Authors: Wahlström Mattias , Peterson Abby , Wennerhag Magnus
Published: April 2018

Foundation stones in the resource mobilization theory of social movements are the notions of “conscience adherents” and “conscience constituents,” first introduced by McCarthy and Zald in 1977. In this article, we revisit the concept of conscience adherent, by applying it to individuals and groups that are direct supporters of an LGBT movement, but who do not stand to directly benefit from the success should the movement accomplish its goals. Using quantitative data collected during Pride parades in Stockholm, Haarlem, London, and Warsaw, we analyze the group of participants who reported that they were lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender and compare them to heterosexual and gender-conforming participants, identifying factors that explain why people in the latter category participate in Pride parades. We argue that experiences of discrimination, knowing people from the beneficiary group, and/or subscribing to general principles of justice, contribute to conscience adherent participation. Furthermore, based on interviews with Pride parade organizers, we argue that mobilizations based on a more inclusive political strategy will attract more non-LGBT participants.
The outcome of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer in modern times
Authors: Vats Ruchir , Rehmani Babar , Agrawal Saurabh
Published: April 2018

Background: A laparotomy for peritonitis due to perforated peptic ulcer is one of the commonest emergency operations done by a general surgeon and is still associated with a marked mortality and morbidity. The aim was to assess the current mortality and morbidity in patients operated for perforated peptic ulcer and to identify the factors associated with increased mortality in these patients.Methods: All adult patients operated for perforated peptic ulcer over a period of one year were included in this prospective observational study. The demographics, clinical presentation, pre-operative laboratory parameters, operative findings, operation done, and the outcomes were noted in pre-designed proforma. Mortality and morbidity was assessed and factors relating to increased mortality were determined using standard statistical tests of significance such as Chi square test and the student’s t test.Results: 55 patients underwent laparotomy for perforated peptic ulcer (23 gastric and 32 duodenal perforations). There were 53 males and only 2 females in the group. Their mean age was 44 years. The mortality was 16% (9/55) and morbidity was 25% (14/55). Complications were encountered in 14 patients, most commonly surgical site infection in 13% cases, entero-cutaneous fistula occurred in 3 patients and one of them expired despite re-exploration due to persistent sepsis. The other two patients survived, and fistula healed spontaneously. The operative procedure done was Graham’s patch or it’s modification. Only 2 patients had antrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction.Conclusions: Despite the advances in management of critically ill patients, the mortality (16%) and morbidity (25%) for this common surgical emergency remains high and is unchanged over the last half century. Presence of comorbidities and low serum albumin are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcome.