bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural activity during cognitive reappraisal in chronic low back pain: a preliminary study
Authors: Ng Sin Ki , Urquhart Donna M. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Kirkovski Melissa , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Maller Jerome J. , Enticott Peter G. , Rossell Susan L. , Fitzgibbon Bernadette M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Chronic pain patients often report higher levels of negative emotions, suggesting reduced ability to regulate emotions effectively, however, little is known of the underlying neural cognitive mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore brain activity and connectivity during cognitive reappraisal in chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods

This study recruited 24 female participants; 12 with CLBP and 12 healthy controls. Participants completed an emotion regulation task that involved cognitive reappraisal of negative images during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The negative affect following each image and perceived success of the task were reported. Region of interest and seed-to-voxel analyses were conducted using key regions involved in cognitive reappraisal (i.e., amygdalae and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) as seed regions.

Results

During the task, there were no group differences in the behavioural measures and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) brain activation in the seed regions. Functional connectivity analysis showed reduced coupling between the amygdalae and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in the CLBP group compared to controls. Connectivity between the amygdala and inferior parietal cortex positively correlated with the percent of reduced negative affect during reappraisal in the CLBP group.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings demonstrate that individuals with CLBP exhibit similar emotion regulation abilities to healthy controls at the behavioural and BOLD level. However, altered functional connectivity observed in the CLBP group may reduce effective cognitive reappraisal. These results provide evidence for the potential clinical impact of network changes in CLBP.
Long-term postoperative opioid prescription after cholecystectomy or gastric by-pass surgery: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Larsson Viktoria , Nordenson Cecilia , Karling Pontus
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Opioids are commonly prescribed post-surgery. We investigated the proportion of patients who were prescribed any opioids 6–12 months after two common surgeries – laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gastric by-pass (GBP) surgery. A secondary aim was to examine risk factors prior to surgery associated with the prescription of any opioids after surgery.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study on data from medical records from patients who underwent cholecystectomy (n=297) or GBP (n=93) in 2018 in the Region of Västerbotten, Sweden. Data on prescriptions for opioids and other drugs were collected from the patients` medical records.

Results

There were 109 patients (28%) who were prescribed opioids after discharge from surgery but only 20 patients (5%) who still received opioid prescriptions 6–12 months after surgery. All 20 of these patients had also been prescribed opioids within three months before surgery, most commonly for back and joint pain. Only 1 out of 56 patients who were prescribed opioids preoperatively due to gallbladder pain still received prescriptions for opioids 6–12 months after surgery. Although opioid use in the early postoperative period was more common among patients who underwent cholecystectomy, the patients who underwent GBP were more prone to be “long-term” users of opioids. In the patients who were prescribed opioids within three months prior to surgery, 8 out of 13 patients who underwent GBP and 12 of the 96 patients who underwent cholecystectomy were still prescribed opioids 6–12 months after surgery (OR 11.2; 95% CI 3.1–39.9, p=0,0002). Affective disorders were common among “long-term” users of opioids and prior benzodiazepine and amitriptyline use were significantly associated with “long-term” opioid use.

Conclusions

The proportion of patients that used opioids 6–12 months after cholecystectomy or GBP was low. Patients with preoperative opioid-use experienced a significantly higher risk of “long-term” opioid use when undergoing GBP compared to cholecystectomy. The indication for being prescribed opioids in the “long-term” were mostly unrelated to surgery. No patient who was naïve to opioids prior surgery was prescribed opioids 6–12 months after surgery. Although opioids are commonly prescribed in the preoperative and in the early postoperative period to patients with gallbladder disease, there is a low risk that these prescriptions will lead to long-term opioid use. The reasons for being prescribed opioids in the long-term are often due to causes not related to surgery.
Multiple structural breaks in cointegrating regressions: a model selection approach
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Schweikert Karsten
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we propose a new approach to model structural change in cointegrating regressions using penalized regression techniques. First, we consider a setting with known breakpoint candidates and show that a modified adaptive lasso estimator can consistently estimate structural breaks in the intercept and slope coefficient of a cointegrating regression. Second, we extend our approach to a diverging number of breakpoint candidates and provide simulation evidence that timing and magnitude of structural breaks are consistently estimated. Third, we use the adaptive lasso estimation to design new tests for cointegration in the presence of multiple structural breaks, derive the asymptotic distribution of our test statistics and show that the proposed tests have power against the null of no cointegration. Finally, we use our new methodology to study the effects of structural breaks on the long-run PPP relationship.
Generating functions for a lattice path model introduced by Deutsch
Authors: Prodinger Helmut
Published: April 2021

The lattice path model suggested by E. Deutsch is derived from ordinary Dyck paths, but with additional down-steps of size −3, −5, −7, . . . . For such paths, we find the generating functions of them, according to length, ending at leveli, both, when considering them from left to right and from right to left. The generating functions are intrinsically cubic, and thus (fori= 0) in bijection to various objects, like even trees, ternary trees, etc.
The perspectives of young general practitioners/family physicians on MOOC as part of continuous education: a descriptive semi-qualitative multinational study
Authors: Gökdemir Özden , Özkan Bayrakçı Nurşah , Aygün Olgu , Hoedebecke Kyle
Published: April 2021

Objectives

In 2018, Harvard University provided a 10-week online course titled “Improving Global Health: Focusing on Quality and Safety” as using Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) web-based platform. The course was designed for those who care about health and healthcare and wish to learn more about how to measure and improve that care – for themselves, for their institutions, or for their countries. The goal of this course was to provide visual and written education tools for different countries and different age groups. In respect to the aim of this study is to evaluate the impressions and benefits of group learning activity and educational needs after this “Improving Global Health” courses experience with an online survey among the participants.

Methods

Sixty-six family medicine practitioners and trainees who were among the participants of the course were the universe of the study. These young General Practitioners/Family Physicians (GPs/FPs) from different countries were organized among themselves to follow the course as a group activity. Two weeks after the course, an online survey was sent to all the participants of this group activity.

Results

Twenty-eight out of 66 participants (42.4%) completed the survey and provided feedback on their perspectives and experience. Most of them were female (70.4%), and have not attended any MOOC course before (63%). This international group achieved a completion rate of approximately 65% by the deadline and nearly 90% including those finishing afterward. The majority felt that the group activity proved beneficial and supportive in nature.

Conclusions

Well-structured, sustainable e-learning platforms will be the near futures’ medical learning devices in a world without borders. Future studies should further explore facilitators and barriers among FPs for enrolling and completing MOOCs. Furthermore, there is a need to evaluate how these group-learning initiatives may help participants incorporate lessons learned from the course into their daily practice.
Film cooling characteristics on a grooved surface with different injection orientation angles
Authors: Yang Peng , Li Guangchao , Zhu Jianyong
Published: April 2021

The film effectiveness was investigated on a grooved surface with the injection orientation angles of 30°, 90°, and 150° at the blowing ratios of 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4. The injection orientation angle and the groove on the surface caused the effect of the various and irregular shaped hole injection due to the different orientation injection. The results showed that the new phenomenon of film effectiveness distributions was found on the grooved surface compared with the flat plate case. Film effectiveness distributions for the β = 30° were found to be the discontinuous strips. The surface averaged film effectiveness with the orientation angle of 30° was found to decrease with the increase of the blowing ratio. Additionally, the reverse trend was observed with the orientation angle of 150°. The film effectiveness with the orientation angle of 90° only slightly changed with the increase of the blowing ratio.
Life assessment of a high temperature probe designed for performance evaluation and health monitoring of an aero gas turbine engine
Authors: George Benny , Muthuveerappan Nagalingam
Published: April 2021

Temperature probes of different designs were widely used in aero gas turbine engines for measurement of air and gas temperatures at various locations starting from inlet of fan to exhaust gas from the nozzle. Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) downstream of low pressure turbine is one of the key parameters in performance evaluation and digital engine control. The paper presents a holistic approach towards life assessment of a high temperature probe housing thermocouple sensors designed to measure EGT in an aero gas turbine engine. Stress and vibration analysis were carried out from mechanical integrity point of view and the same was evaluated in rig and on the engine. Application of 500 g load concept to clear the probe design was evolved. The design showed strength margin of more than 20% in terms of stress and vibratory loads. Coffin Manson criteria, Larsen Miller Parameter (LMP) were used to assess the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) and creep life while Goodman criteria was used to assess High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) margin. LCF and HCF are fatigue related damage from high frequency vibrations of engine components and from ground-air-ground engine cycles (zero-max-zero) respectively and both are of critical importance for ensuring structural integrity of engine components. The life estimation showed LCF life of more than 4000 mission reference cycles, infinite HCF life and well above 2000 h of creep life. This work had become an integral part of the health monitoring, performance evaluation as well as control system of the aero gas turbine engine.
Baseline architecture design for a turboelectric distributed propulsion system using single turboshaft engine operational scenario
Authors: Sener Eralp , Yazar Isil , Ertasgin Gurhan , Yamik Hasan
Published: April 2021

Reducing the carbon footprints of aerial transportation became a major target for both industries and academia. Various solutions have been proposed to develop cleaner alternative methods for green transportation. Full electric, hybrid electric, and turboelectric propulsion system architectures intend to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption of today’s aero gas turbine engines. In this study, a turboelectric propulsion system, which is considered as the most promising technology for future aviation is selected for modelling and simulation. As the main power supply, a high fidelity mathematical model of GE T700 turboshaft engine is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink to emulate the technology of today. Selected aero gas turbine’s mathematical model is combined with NASA’s Baseline electrical power distribution architecture which is firstly designed for N-3X turboelectric aircraft. MATLAB/Simulink model is utilized to analyses a single-engine operational scenario of twin-engine aircraft which is a major design consideration due to single-engine failure. Power requirements, distribution percentages, preliminary power assessment for power electronic systems and nominal power capacities of each electrical unit of a turboelectric propulsion system are obtained using GE T700 as the main power supply.
Experimental investigation on mixing characteristics of high speed co-flow jets by using tabbed chevron nozzle
Authors: A. R. Saravanan , S. Thanigaiarasu , Divvela Rakesh , E. Rathakrishnan
Published: April 2021

The present study investigates the effect of chevron with tab (Tabbed chevron) fixed at the exit of the co-flowing primary nozzle on the mixing characteristics in subsonic and sonic jets. The experiment was conducted for the jet Mach number 0.6 and 0.8. The centerline Mach number decay was calculated for all these jet Mach numbers for the co-flow baseline nozzle, nozzle with chevrons and tabbed chevron (primary flow) nozzle respectively. It was found that tabbed chevron was effective in reducing the potential core length by 88.23% as compared to the chevron nozzle with baseline nozzle. The radial profile also shows that the mixing enhancement by tabbed chevron is better than chevron nozzle.
Natural frequency analysis of a functionally graded rotor-bearing system with a slant crack subjected to thermal gradients
Authors: Bose Arnab , Sathujoda Prabhakar , Canale Giacomo
Published: April 2021

The present work aims to analyze the natural and whirl frequencies of a slant-cracked functionally graded rotor-bearing system using finite element analysis for the flexural vibrations. The functionally graded shaft is modelled using two nodded beam elements formulated using the Timoshenko beam theory. The flexibility matrix of a slant-cracked functionally graded shaft element has been derived using fracture mechanics concepts, which is further used to develop the stiffness matrix of a cracked element. Material properties are temperature and position-dependent and graded in a radial direction following power-law gradation. A Python code has been developed to carry out the complete finite element analysis to determine the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a slant-cracked rotor subjected to different thermal gradients. The analysis investigates and further reveals significant effect of the power-law index and thermal gradients on the local flexibility coefficients of slant-cracked element and whirl natural frequencies of the cracked functionally graded rotor system.
Effect of thalidomide in patients with β–thalassemia major
Authors: Jiskani Shahzad Ali , Memon Sumair
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Thalassemia is among the common hereditary disease, caused by synthesis of defective haemoglobin, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic haemolytic anaemia and certain clinical complications. Various treatment options are available for treatment of β–thalassemia major including regular blood transfusion, iron chelation therapy and hydroxyurea. Although complications and poor survival is still major problem in these patients. So treatment with alternative drugs can be helpful in management of these patients. Methods and materials: Prospective study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Study included 70 known cases of transfusion dependant thalassemia major. Age, gender, haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were analyzed before and after treatment with thalidomide. All data were collected and analyzed in SPSS 21.0. P–value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 70 patients, 46 were males and 24 were females (male to female ratio=1.9:1). Mean age of the patients was 10.31±1.24years. Before and after treatment with thalidomide, mean haemoglobin was 8.93±1.04g/dL and 10.54±1.18g/dL respectively (p=0.011). Before and after treatment, mean serum ferritin level was 3125±143.51ng/mL and 1241±135.94ng/mL (p>0.001). Conclusion: Thalidomide proved to increased haemoglobin levels and reducing ferritin levels in patients with β–thalassemia major.
Fast effective treatment of spontaenous CSF leak causing intracranial hypotension and debilitating orthostatic headache
Authors: Jacobs Heike
Published: April 2021

We are reporting a case series describing clinical, laboratory, MRI and CT myelogram imaging and treatment results for 4 patients with spontaneous cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak with subsequent intracranial hypotension; all of which resolved via blood patches. A 33-year-old woman (case 1) presented abrupt onset severe pain in the back and head; without preceding trauma or procedure. MRI brain revealed leptomeningeal enhancement, after CT myelogram identifying a CSF leak she received a 20ml epidural blood patch in the lumbar area. By the next day her symptoms had completely resolved. A 36year old woman (case 2) with 1 year-long history of positional headaches. Her CT Myelogram showed frequent multilevel Tarlov Cysts; one of which displayed leakage. Her orthostatic headaches disappeared after repeated EBP. A middle aged male (case 3) had an acute onset headache which persisted with orthostatic features since 6 weeks. He had complete remission after one epidural patching. A 47 year old man (case 4) presented with 5 days of typical orthostatic headaches, CT Myelogramm demonstrated a leaking thoracolumbar cyst. He required 2 EBP within 3 days to completely recover. Our cases support the notion that blood patching is a fast, effective and safe treatment for an increasingly recognized diagnosis of orthostatic headache caused by spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Primary cesarean section in term, low-risk multiparous women: a single clinic retrospective observational study
Authors: Imai MD Kimitoshi
Published: April 2021

Background: Multiparous women who have previously delivered vaginally are generally considered to be at low risk for cesarean section. We aimed to determine the incidence rate and indications for primary cesarean section and operative vaginal deliveries among multiparous women with previous vaginal births. Patients and methods: Multiparous women who had delivered their babies in our clinic between January 2004 and December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: delivery at 37 weeks of gestation or more, singleton pregnancy with a live fetus, had one or more past vaginal deliveries including instrumental vaginal birth, and no history of previous cesarean section. Women with placenta previa, abruptio placentae, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, and uncontrolled medical diseases were referred to tertiary hospitals and excluded from this study. The frequency of occurrence and indications for cesarean section and vacuum extraction, duration of labor, and the effect of induction of labor on the cesarean section rates were analyzed. Results: A total of 3094 multiparous women were enrolled. Primary cesarean section was performed in 30 women (30/3094=0.97%). The indications for cesarean section included the following: breech presentation in 28 women, myomectomy after the first vaginal birth in one (of 29 elective cesarean sections), and failed vacuum extraction after a prolonged second stage in one (one emergency cesarean section). Vacuum extraction was performed in 61 women (61/3094=2.0%), the indications for which were non-reassuring fetal status (n=38), prolonged 2nd stage of labor (n=10), and narrow pelvic outlet (n=10). Vaginal breech delivery occurred in 11 women. Induction of labor (n=402) did not affect the cesarean section rate. Conclusion: In multiparous women, breech presentation was the main indication for primary cesarean sections, and the cesarean section rate was very low in women with cephalic presentation.
El efecto de la atención infantil subsidiada sobre la participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral de Costa Rica
Authors: Quiros Aníbal Jesús , Robalino Juan
Published: April 2021

En este estudio se estima el efecto de la atención infantil sobre la probabilidad de participación en el mercado laboral y sobre las horas trabajadas de las mujeres, utilizando las encuestas de hogares y una combinación de técnicas econométricas. Se encontró que las mujeres que pertenecen a hogares que se benefician de los servicios de cuido, en comparación con las que no, tienen entre 9 y 14 puntos porcentuales más de probabilidad de participar en la fuerza laboral. También, para el grupo de mujeres ocupadas, el número de horas trabajadas es entre un 8 y 19 por ciento más alto para las que se benefician del cuido. Los efectos sobre la participación son mayores para las mujeres que no han terminado la secundaria. La evidencia también sugiere que los efectos sobre las horas trabajadas son mayores para las mujeres del quintil más pobre. La expansión de centros de cuido podría contribuir a cerrar la brecha de género en la oferta laboral, en las mujeres de menores ingresos. Esto puede tener efectos importantes en la reducción de las tasas de pobreza.
Sexual incentive delay in the scanner: Sexual cue and reward processing, and links to problematic porn consumption and sexual motivation
Authors: Markert Charlotte , Klein Sanja , Strahler Jana , Kruse Onno , Stark Rudolf
Published: April 2021

Background and aims

The use of pornography, while unproblematic for the majority, can grow into addiction-like behavior which in its extreme form is labeled as compulsive sexual behavioral disorder in the ICD-11 (WHO, 2018). The aim of this study was to investigate the addiction-specific reactivity to cues in order to better understand underlying mechanisms in the development of this disorder.

Methods

We have used an optimized Sexual Incentive Delay Task to study brain activity in reward associated brain areas during an anticipation phase (with cues predicting pornographic videos, control videos or no videos) and a corresponding delivery phase in healthy men. Correlations to indicators of problematic pornography use, the time spent on pornography use, and trait sexual motivation were analyzed.

Results

The results of 74 men showed that reward-related brain areas (amygdala, dorsal cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and insula) were significantly more activated by both the pornographic videos and the pornographic cues than by control videos and control cues, respectively. However, we found no relationship between these activations and indicators of problematic pornography use, time spent on pornography use, or with trait sexual motivation.

Discussion and conclusions

The activity in reward-related brain areas to both visual sexual stimuli as well as cues indicates that optimization of the Sexual Incentive Delay Task was successful. Presumably, associations between reward-related brain activity and indicators for problematic or pathological pornography use might only occur in samples with increased levels and not in a rather healthy sample used in the present study.
Theoretical conceptualisations of problematic exercise in psychometric assessment instruments: A systematic review
Authors: Sicilia Álvaro , Paterna Adrian , Alcaraz-Ibáñez Manuel , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: The aim of the present systematic review was to identify psychometric tools developed to assess problematic exercise in order to identify and compare their theoretical conceptualisations on which they are based. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Web of Science, Scielo, PsychINFO, PsycTEST and SCOPUS from their inception to January 2020. Results: Seventeen assessment instruments met the eligibility criteria to be included in the present review. The instruments were classified according to their conceptualisation into five groups: (i) problematic exercise as an end of an exercise continuum, (ii) problematic exercise as a means of regulating body size and weight, (iii) problematic exercise as dependence, (iv) problematic exercise as a behavioural addiction and (v) no clear conceptualisation. Discussion: The results suggest that the conceptualisations of the assessment instruments have resulted in a strong dichotomy in relation to the primary or secondary character of the problematic exercise that might be limiting the capacity of the instruments to adequately capture the multidimensionality of this construct. Conclusions: Given the interest in understanding the complexity surrounding the problematic exercise, future research should develop more comprehensive definitions of this construct. This would allow a greater conceptual consensus to be reached that would allow progress to be made in the study of the problematic exercise.
A pszichológia és a pedagógia az oktatáspolitikában
Authors: Sáska Géza
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A pedagógia és a pszichológia tudománya között
szorosabb és szervesebb a kapcsolat, több a párhuzamosság, mint a pedagógia és
más társadalomtudományok között. Az Educatio jelen füzetének
bevezető tanulmánya vázlatosan érinti Herbarttól az 1980-as évekig a változó
értelmezésű pedagógia és az (alkalmazott) lélektan tudományának eszmei
kapcsolatát, intézményesülésüket a centralizált állam és a növekvő politikai
hatalom világában. A tanulmány ismerteti a lapszámban megjelent sztálini és a
posztsztálini időszakban a pszichológia és pedagógia viszonyrendszerének
változásait, a pszichológia intézményesülését bemutató tanulmányokat.

Summary. There is more parallelism, a closer and a more organic
relationship between pedagogy and the science of psychology than between
pedagogy and any other social science. The introductory study of
Educatio 2020, No. 4. provides a sketchy historical survey
of the relationship between the science of changing pedagogy and (applied)
psychology in the world of centralized state and growing political power and
ideology, from Herbart to the 1980s. This introduction briefly describes the
studies in the issue that discuss changes in the relationship between psychology
and pedagogy in the Stalin and the post-Stalin period.
A magyar, német és belga felsőoktatási intézmények eredményessége
Authors: Kosztyán Zsolt Tibor , Csányi Vivien Valéria , Banász Zsuzsanna , Telcs András
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány a magyarországi felsőoktatási
intézményeket vizsgálja, kontrollként kiegészítve németországi és belgiumi
intézményekkel. E három ország (főként hazánk) intézményei közül számos nem
szerepel a nemzetközi rangsorokban, ezért további elérhető szekunder forrásokból
számítottunk tipikus rangsorképző indikátorokat a rangsorokban általában
vizsgált tényezőkre, mint az oktatás, a kutatás, a nemzetköziesség, valamint a
finanszírozás. Ez alapján elsősorban arra a kutatási kérdésre kerestük a
választ, hogy a magyar felsőoktatási intézmények miként (mely indikátoraik
javításával) kapaszkodhatnának fel a rangsorok szerint világszinten legjobbnak
tartott 100, illetve 200 intézmény közé. Elemzéseink alapján a magyar
felsőoktatási intézményeknek a következő indikátorokban szükséges leginkább
fejlődniük: egy oktatóra vetítve három mutatóban (PhD-fokozatot szerzők száma,
nemzetközi publikációk száma, kutatási bevétel), az alapszakos hallgatókra jutó
oktatók számában, valamint a külföldi oktatók arányában.

Summary. This study examines higher education institutions in
Hungary, using German and Belgian institutions as a control group. Since many of
these institutions are not represented in international rankings (mainly
Hungarian institutions), we use further available ranking indicators from
different secondary sources – these indicators are related to education,
research, internationalization, and funding. We aim to answer the following
research question: how Hungarian higher education institutions can reach and be
among the top 100 and top 200 best institutions in the world? Based on our
analyses, Hungarian higher education institutions need to develop the most in
the following indicators: per lecturer in three indicators (number of Ph.D.
graduates, number of international publications, research revenue), number of
lecturers per undergraduate student, the proportion of foreign lecturers.
Első generációs oktatók pályaképe és önreflexiói
Authors: Bocsi Veronika
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. Vizsgálatunk során 11 első generációs oktató életútját
és pályaképét tekintjük át, elemezzük az őket ért hátrányokat, a helyzetükből
fakadó előnyöket, valamint igyekszünk feltárni az oktatási karrierjük főbb
állomásait, továbbtanulásuk motivációit és pályaválasztásuk történetét. Az
eredmények szerint az interjúalanyok tapasztalatai diverz mintákat mutatnak,
tehát a hátrányok megélése nem általános jelenség, bár a megkérdezettek nagyobb
részénél az erre utaló elemek megragadhatók. A hátrányok azokon a
tudományterületeken jelentkeznek élesebben, ahol a kulturális tőke felhalmozása
a szakmai identitás markánsabb részét képezi, vagy pedig az adott intézmény
társadalmi háttere (mind oktatói, mind hallgatói) kedvező.

Summary. The aim of this study is to recover the career and life
path of 11 first-generation academics. We try to map their disadvantages or
advantages – which are embedded in their social circumstances – motives of their
further studies and the history of their career choices. The results have shown
that their experiences are diverse. The experiencing of handicaps does not work
in every case nevertheless these kinds of traces can be found in some forms by
most of them. These handicaps seem to be more significant in the field of those
disciplines in which cultural capital is rather the parts of the professional
identities and professional socialisation or the prestige of the institution is
high.
Politik Hukum Indonesia yang Berkaitan dengan Statuta Roma dalam Penegakkan Pelanggaran Hak Minoritas
Authors: Novianti Linda
Published: April 2021

Berbagai generasi sudah pasti mewarisi sejarah dan tidak akan pernah bisa melupakan petaka berdarah kerusuhan Mei 1998. Meskipun generasi milenial seperti era masa kini tidak turut berperan pada masa itu, namun dengan membaca sejarahnya, tentu dapat mengundang perasaan mengerikan tatkala membayangkannya. Terkait Etnis Cina misalnya, yang dikejar-kejar, dipukuli, dianiaya, dibunuh secara keji, bahkan diperkosa ramai-ramai. Barang dagangan dalam ruko-ruko milik mereka dijarah, lalu dibakar. Sepertinya tidak terhitung banyaknya rumah, ruko, mall, gedung perkantoran, bahkan sarana olahraga yang dibakar massa saat kerusuaan tersebut terjadi. Adapun mengenai metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dekriptif, dengan hasil analisis bahwa perlindungan atas hak minoritas beberapa upayanya, dapat dilakukan dengan pemenuhan kewajiban serta ikrar dari berbagai negara seperti halnya yang tercantum dalam perjanjian internasional, memberikan pertimbangan terhadap berbagai kepentingan kaum minoritas dalam rangka pengembangan kebijaksanaaan, serta menyokong pemahaman kebudayaan,  tradisi dan bahasa kaum minoritas yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dengan mengulurkan jaminan anggota kelompok minoritas juga memiliki kesempatan yang sama secara menyeluruh. Sementara itu, mengenai prinsip dasar hukum hak minoritas merupakan panduan bagaimana negara mengatur dan memenuhi hak-hak kelompok minoritas. Aturan-aturan tersebut meliputi produk hukum nasional, upaya ratifikasi terhadap konvensi dan kovenan internasional yang berhubungan dengan hak-hak kelompok minoritas di Indonesia. Kemudian mengenai politik hukum Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan Statuta Roma dalam menangani pelanggaran hak minoritas, diantaranya lahir Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000, sebagai jembatan politik hukum Indonesia, dimana keberadaan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut dianggap sebagai upaya nyata Indonesia untuk menghindarkan diri dari campur tangan internasional dalam urusan domestik terkait dengan kejahatan kemanusiaan.
Judicial Review oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Fungsi Ajudikasi Konstitusional di Indonesia
Authors: Andiraharja Diyar Ginanjar
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisa kewenangan  Judicial Review oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai ajudikasi konstitusional menurut prinsip konstitusionalisme dan demokrasi. Muncul penilaian terhadap Mahkamah Konstitusi selain menjadi negative legislator juga berkembang menjadi positive legislator yang merupakan kewenangan lembaga pembentuk undang-undang. Metode yang digunakan berupa penelitian hukum normatif. Kepustakan yang dikaji digunakan untuk menjwab pertanyaan penelitian.  Dari penelitian ini diungkapkan  Mahkamah Konsitusi dalam  menjalankan kewenangannya  melakukan Judicial Review, pada praktiknya terjadi suatu perdebatan di mana dalam model putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dianggap bertentangan dengan prinsip konstitusionalitas dan prinsip demokrasi dalam hal pembentukan suatu kebijakan. Beberapa model tersebut dianggap melampaui kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi berupa adanya putusan yang berisi argumen kebijakan serta adanya putusan yang di dalamnya ada  perumusan norma baru. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini aktivitas menafsirkan UUD 1945  memungkinkan  lahirnya sudut pandang judicial activism  yang dapat memposisikan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai badan peradilan  yang memiliki supremasi dalam ajudikasi  konstitusional, walaupun pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi itu  sendiri sebenarnya sebagai bagian dari upaya pembaharuan konstitusi dalam memperkuat prinsip pemisahan kekuasaan dan prinsip check and balances. Sehingga perlu dikedepankan  proporsionalitas peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam ajudikasi konstitusional.
BIBILOGRAFI SEJARAH PANDEMI BLACK DEATH DI MESIR PADA ABAD KE 14 M
Authors: Rahmani Ady Fauzi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah publikasi yang membahas Sejarah Pandemi di Mesir pada abad ke 14. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ketersediaan sumber bililiografis tentang sejarah pandemi Black Death di mesir dapat berguna untuk melihat kesinambungan, paralelisme, dan perbandingan pandemic. Untuk menghadapi pandemic negara perlu mengeluarkan Kebijakan dalam keadaan darurat thaun sambil menguji vaksin dan obatnya, sampai dinyatakan layak digunakan selain itu penemuan lainnya dari penelitian ini adalah hubungan sosial antar masyarakat sangat berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan manusia dalam melawan wabah pandemic.
AN AUTHENTIC OVERVIEW OF THE EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS AND PROSPECTS OF MUSLIM WOMEN
Authors: Datta Rimmi , Mete Jayanta
Published: April 2021

Consciousness, knowledge, and understanding in Islam are a fundamental prerequisite for all Muslims to allow them to affirm, think, and behave under the principles of religion. Muslim women and girls have been seen for years as potential objects of modernization and modernity. Popular belief has arisen that, for a nation to be prosperous, girls need to be educated and will raise their nation from its broad range of social issues. Women's education was indispensable to the discourses that pursued to modernize emerging and Muslim societies. Muslim women thought it was just as important to educate girls as it was to educate boys, and that they acknowledged parental and marital influence over the rights of women to be educated and to work. As Muslim women move up the educational ladder, the role of religion as a predictor of academic achievement is dwindling. This emphasis on the experiences of educated Muslim women exacerbates the prevailing narrative of modernity that portrays women's education and gender equality as an expression of individual women's choice and free will against any patriarchal structures of family, culture, and Islam. Use qualitative approach This paper deals with the historical perspective of Muslim woman's education, their educational rights, curriculum development of Muslim education, and the importance of Muslim female education
SPOR BİLİMLERİ ALANINDAKİ ÖĞRETİM ELEMANLARININ GÖRÜŞLERİNE GÖRE LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİMDE KALİTE YÖNETİMİ: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: AKSARI Selman , KARAKAYA Yunus Emre
Published: April 2021

Kalite, farklı ihtiyaç ve beklentiler doğrultusunda şekillendirilebilen, bireyin eğitim düzeyine, sosyal statüsüne, kültürel değerlerine ve ekonomik koşullarına bağlı olarak değişebilen öznel bir kavramdır. Hizmet veren kurum ve kuruluşların en büyük amacı, memnuniyeti sağlamak olup, bir eğitim kurumunun ürün ve hizmetlerinden yararlanan öğrenciler için kalite çok önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de üniversite sayısının artmasıyla birlikte, öğretim elemanlarının ve öğrencilerin lisansüstü eğitimle alakalı sorunlarının olduğu görülmektedir. Farklı bilim alanlarında olduğu gibi spor bilimleri alanında da bu sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Yapısal, nicel yetersizlikler ve spor bilimleri eğitiminin farklı enstitülerde verilmesi gibi sorunlar örnek verilebilir. Bu araştırmada, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dallarında görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının görüşleri doğrultusunda, lisansüstü eğitimde kalite yönetimi ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmadaki veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış 5 sorunun yer aldığı bir görüşme formuyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiş ve verilerin çözümlenmesinde bilgisayar destekli nitel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizi ve çıkan durumun modellenmesi ise lisanslı QSR NVIVO-10 programıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretim elemanlarının görüşlerine göre enstitü memnuniyetlerinin düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lisansüstü eğitimin kalitesi ve performansının artırılması için bu araştırmada verilen öneriler üst kurullarda ve üniversite birimlerinde değerlendirilmelidir.
An Analysis of the "National Security Interest" Provision in terms of Section 18A of the Competition Act 89 of 1998
Authors: Tavuyanago Simbarashe
Published: April 2021

This contribution examines the implications of the "national security provision" in terms of section 18A of the Competition Act 89 of 1998 as inserted by section 14 of the Competition Amendment Act 18 of 2018. The effect of section 18A is that it confers upon the President of the Republic of South Africa power to appoint a national security committee whose mandate is to investigate mergers involving a foreign acquiring firm and determine whether such a merger would pose a threat to the "national security interests". The contribution highlights the possible challenges that the insertion of section 18A may precipitate. It argues that while the protection of national security interests is imperative, it is however not the goal of competition policy to regulate broader national security policy. In making the argument, cognisance is taken of the fact that where a gap exists in policy, legislative amendments may be used as stopgap mechanisms. The paper investigates the treatment of national security interests in foreign jurisdictions in a bid to establish whether the provision is in line with international best practice and whether any lessons may be drawn therefrom.
Pre-service Mathematics Teacher's Mathematical Connections in the Context of Problem-Solving About the Derivative
Authors: Flor Monserrat Rodríguez-Vásquez, Javier García-García Camilo Andrés Rodríguez-Nieto,
Published: April 2021

The mathematical connections made by five Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers (PSMTs) when solving problems on the derivative were analyzed. The conceptual framework used was the typology of intra-mathematical connections. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a questionnaire was designed, which included three tasks about of the derivative, which were analyzed through the thematic analysis method. The results showed that PSMTs made mathematical connections: meaning, different representations, procedural, part-whole, implication and feature. We identified that the PSMT's difficulties in establishing connections are caused by the meaning they have on the derivative concept, acquired in their received teaching and, if they are not attended, they can be reproduced in their future practice as in-service teachers.
Difficulties in the Preparation Process of High School Pass Entrance (LGS) and Their Reflections on Education in the Framework of Mathematics Teacher's Views
Authors: Enes Demir, Cahit Pesen Mustafa Obay,
Published: April 2021

Man tries to learn his surroundings by showing tendencies such as discovering, researching, asking questions, and noticing the relationships between objects. In other words, he tends to understand the world he lives in with various judgments. Therefore, it is important to raise individuals with advanced reasoning skills, mathematical thinking skills, proofing skills, problem solving skills, metacognitive knowledge, skills or qualifications. It can be said that this can only be possible with the right teaching models, methods, techniques and teachers who can use them in the most efficient way. In this context, the aim of the study is; To determine the difficulties in the preparation process for LGS, which has been implemented in our country since 2018, and the reflections of LGS on mathematics education applied in schools within the framework of the opinions of mathematics teachers and make suggestions accordingly. In the study, the screening model was adopted because it was tried to portray the thoughts of a certain group of participants on a subject. The sample of the study; It consists of 110 mathematics teachers who attended 8th grade classes in the 2018-2019 academic year. The data obtained from teachers' opinions were analyzed by content analysis method. According to this; The predominant opinion is that students have problems in understanding, interpreting, thinking and reasoning in the new examination system, however, because the textbooks and the exam are not parallel, teachers have various difficulties. In this direction, various activities can be organized to increase students' motivation and to gain reading habit. In addition, it is thought that it would be beneficial to provide teachers with in-service training for the exam.
A Cross-National Comparison of Statistics Curricula
Authors: Beyda Topan, Kemal Akoğlu, Bülent Güven Aslıhan Batur, Zeynep Medine Özmen,
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare Turkey to several other countries such as Singapore, Korea, the United States, and New Zealand according to the field of statistics learning in the curriculum. GAISE (Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education) framework suggests using the components of statistical process (formulate question, collect data, analyze data, interpret results) and developmental levels of statistical process (Levels A, B, and C) in such comparisons. It is found that in both Korea and Turkey, the number of learning outcomes of statistics, as well as the weight of learning outcomes in the curriculum, have been having a weaker profile than in other countries. The field of statistics learning is mostly condensed around Level A in Turkey. On the other hand, other countries in the study included more Level B and C. Considering the importance of statistics instruction, Turkey's national mathematics curriculum needs improvements in its field of statistical learning. This study suggests designing and developing new standards for teaching statistics that deal with higher developmental levels of statistical process.
What Matters to Malaysian Students Retention: University Image or External Environment?
Authors: Et. al. Amran Harun ,
Published: April 2021

In Malaysia, the growth of higher education institutions provides not only more opportunities but increasing competition within the industry. Despite its enormous potential, investigating student retention and its antecedents will provide vital input for the industry to sustain and strategize the most appropriate marketing actions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how university image (program, facilities, reputation, and cost) and external environment (influences of peers and family and students’ achievement) have a relationship with students’ retention. A total of 300 university students participated in this study, which they were required to complete the online questionnaire.  This study employed a correlational study using a cross-sectional design and close-ended questions. Remarkably, the finding of the current study confirmed only one dimension of the university image, namely reputation, had a positive relationship with students’ retention. In contrast, university image attributes such as program, facilities, cost; and external environment, which is peer/family influence and achievement, have no relationship with students’ retention. Future recommendations are also discussed in dealing with the students' retention issues concerning students’ characteristics such as socioeconomic status and the mediating variable effects.
Household Load forecasting using Deep Learning neural networks
Authors: Et. al. C.Srisailam,
Published: April 2021

Advancements in different types of electrical meters and computing technologies aiding the data collection and sensing of various parameters of the electrical power system has been made possible with the availability of vast amount of electrical data. With the help of such technology and data, statistical prediction of load can be made smarter and more accurate. This can help stop excessive electricity production. With the help of deep learning techniques such as a long-short-term neural network (LSTM), it is possible to build time-series models that map non-linear parameters that can be used for precise memory sequences. An increase in recognition is witnessed in the field of forecasting with a short-term demand. In the field of power system control, it is now considered important. When proper pre-data is available, precision results can be high. Here, we are employing long short term neural network to forecast the load of a sample household.
Adaptive RNN with CSOA controlled based MMC-DSTATCOM for PQ enhancement in Distribution System
Authors: Et. al. E.Ramakrishna,
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a hybrid convergence method is used to evaluate the development of PQ in a distribution device. For PQ analysis, a D-STATCOM-based Modular Multilevel Converter device is being analyzed. This proposed hybrid adapter is named as the Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network with a Crow Search Optimization Algorithm (ARNN-CSOA), which is used for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) optimization based on the device D-STATCOM. The proposed D-STATCOM advanced method will now go by providing a fast watt controller with invisible power to compensate for loads, modern day imbalances, flicker power reductions and voltage regulation. The proposed hybrid control strategy is to maximize the power of participation through the RNN approach. By using the proposed hybrid adapter method, the PI controller barriers are identified in advance to deliver appropriate MMC based DSTATCOM action. The proposed process learns all types of switches for mechanical problems such as DC power, real and active power. Based on the proposed procedure, the appropriate MM-based D-STATCOM cones are produced and obtain the correct results. The proposed method employed in the MATLAB / Simulink platform and is associated with different PWM methods such as SVM and ANN process.