bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fishes of West Bengal: Review and Annotated Checklist
Authors: Sen Arya , Sreeraj Chemmencheri Ramakrishnan
Published: August 2023

An updated systematic inventory of the fish faunal variety from the state of West Bengal, comprising 894 species represented by 36 orders and 152 families, has been produced following an extensive review of the literature. Diversity-wise, order Acanthuriformes, has 19 families and 120 species, is the top order of both freshwater and marine fishes. Cypriniformes, which has 7 families and 117 species, is the second most diverse order and the most diverse order in freshwater. Cyprinidae, makes up 6% of the entire fish population in West Bengal, is the family with the most diversity.  Marine fishes showed the highest diversity in Gobiidae and Carangidae with 5.6% and 4.8% respectively. 221 species are fully freshwater species, whereas 297 species are marine. The rest of the species are associated with fresh water, brackish and marine habitats. According to the IUCN red list status, 8 species belong to the critically endangered category, 18 belong to the endangered category, 30 species belong to the vulnerable category and 37 species belong to the near threatened category. The conservation status of 239 fish species found in West Bengal has not yet been determined by IUCN. The present study is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive data of fish faunal diversity occurring from all the habitats present in West Bengal, which will ultimately help in the management of the prospects of fisheries resources from West Bengal as well as provide support for the effective conservational planning process.
Parentalidad, adolescencia y problemas sociales: Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Sarmiento Benavides Alejandra Salomé
Published: July 2023

La adolescencia se concibe como una etapa relevante para el ser humano, donde se producen cambios, reconfiguraciones y construcciones a nivel biopsicosocial. Los elementos externos resultan determinantes en su atravesamiento, ya que posibilitan la asimilación de herramientas y competencias que intervienen en el manejo de la propia vida. Las relaciones con los padres definen experiencias infantiles significativas que sirven de base para las interacciones posteriores, y dotan a los hijos de habilidades afectivas y cognitivas de alto grado. Justamente, otros factores importantes se conectan con problemas sociales ante los que está expuesto el adolescente, que pueden comprometer su desarrollo y desempeño. El presente estudio describe la parentalidad, la etapa de la adolescencia y los principales problemas sociales relacionados con esta.
Pengabdian Masyarakat Pengenalan Dunia Kampus Kepada Siswa/Siswi SMA Saind Tahfizh Islamic Center Siak
Authors: Sri Murda Niati  , Endang Supraptiah  , Ibnu Hajar  , Gemala Cahya  , Ahlam Inayatullah
Published: July 2023

Tri dharma perguruan tinggi dalam mewujudkan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk berperan aktif guna menjawab permasalahan yang timbul dimasyarakat salah satunya adalah kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan siswa tentang kampus, maka dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat dengan cara sosialisasi kepada siswa/siswi SMA Sains Tahfiz Islamic Center Siak. Keinginan siswa-siswi SMA yang akan lulus pasti menginginkan karir yang baik sesuai dengan yang mereka cita-citakan, sehingga menimbulkan persaingan yang ketat antar siswa di seluruh Indonesia untuk bisa masuk Perguruan Tinggi favorit dan jurusan yang mereka impikan. Permasalahan terkait kurangnya pengetahuan siswa tentang Perguruan Tinggi diselesaikan melalui metode penyuluhan atau sosialisasi, dengan teknik presentasi materi pengenalan dunia kampus, video tentang kampus, video motivasi dan dilanjutkan dengan sesi diskusi. Dari sosialisasi ini diharapkan siswa kelas XII SMA Sains Tahfizh Islamic Center Siak mendapatkan informasi tentang pendidikan tinggi secara umum, jenis pendidikan tinggi, pengenalan fakultas, jurusan dan program studi, sivitas akademika/ civitas academica, akreditasi kampus dan akreditasi program studi, Jenjang Kepimpinan/Jabatan di Perguruan Tinggi, ekstrakurikuler dikampus dan istilah-istilah yang ditemukan dikampus dan diharapkan kegiatan sosialisasi ini dapat menjadi bekal siswa dalam memilih dan menentukan pilihan prodi, jurusan dan kampus sebagai tempat melanjutkan jenjang pendidikan di perguruan tinggi.
Assisting Visually Impaired People Using Deep Learning-based Anomaly Detection in Pedestrian Walkways for Intelligent Transportation Systems on Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Alsolai Hadeel , Al-Wesabi Fahd N. , Motwakel Abdelwahed , Drar Suhanda
Published: August 2023

Anomaly detection in pedestrian walkways of visually impaired people (VIP) is a vital research area that utilizes remote sensing and aids to optimize pedestrian traffic and improve flow. Researchers and engineers can formulate effective tools and methods with the power of machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) to identifying anomalies (i.e. vehicles) and mitigate potential safety hazards in pedestrian walkways. With recent advancements in ML and deep learning (DL) areas, authors have found that the image recognition problem ought to be devised as a two-class classification problem. Therefore, this manuscript presents a new sine cosine algorithm with deep learning-based anomaly detection in pedestrian walkways (SCADL-ADPW) algorithm. The proposed SCADL-ADPW technique identifies the presence of anomalies in the pedestrian walkways on remote sensing images. The SCADL-ADPW techniques focus on the identification and classification of anomalies, i.e. vehicles in the pedestrian walkways of VIP. To accomplish this, the SCADL-ADPW technique uses the VGG-16 model for feature vector generation. In addition, the SCA approach is designed for the optimal hyperparameter tuning process. For anomaly detection, the long short-term memory (LSTM) method can be exploited. The experimental results of the SCADL-ADPW technique are studied on the UCSD anomaly detection dataset. The comparative outcomes stated the improved anomaly detection results of the SCADL-ADPW technique.
Os conceitos de língua e de leitura presentes na BNCC auxiliam os professores da educação básica brasileira?
Authors: Pilati Eloísa Nascimento da Silva , Weissheimer Janaína , Prado Ana Paula Oliveira do
Published: August 2023

Este artigo analisa as concepções de língua e de leitura apresentadas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC 2017, 2018) para o ensino de língua materna nas etapas do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. O objetivo é verificar se os conceitos apresentados nos documentos oficiais brasileiros têm se orientado por evidências científicas e se são capazes de servir como base conceitual adequada para subsidiar práticas pedagógicas eficientes na sala de aula de língua materna. Para tanto, apresentamos concepções de língua e leitura sob o ponto de vista das ciências cognitivas e depois estabelecemos comparações entre tais conceitos e aqueles presentes no texto da BNCC. Por fim, concluímos que os conceitos de língua e leitura na BNCC não contemplam de forma satisfatória os achados científicos atuais sobre o tema, apresentando lacunas no que se refere a sua missão de documento norteador sobre as melhores práticas para a sala de aula.Os conceitos de língua e de leitura presentes na BNCC auxiliam os professores da educação básica brasileira?
Availability Assessment of Internet of Medical Things Architecture using Private Cloud
Authors: Valentim Thiago , Callou Gustavo , Vinicius Alison , França Cleunio , Tavares Eduardo
Published: August 2023

Investments in smart health applications are expected to rise to US$ 960 billion by 2030, and Internet of Things (IoT) have a prominent role in implementing such applications. For instance, hospitals have adopted IoT to collect and transmit patient data to health professionals, as critical patients must be monitored uninterruptedly. Therefore, health systems commonly require high availability, but availability assessment of health systems’ architecture is not a common approach. This paper presents a modeling approach based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) to evaluate the availability of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) architecture based on a private cloud. A case study is adopted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Comparison of Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Extracted from Patients and Travelers in Duhok-Iraq
Authors: Younus Omar Mohammed , Parmaksiz Arif , Goreal Amer Abdalla
Published: July 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of a large family of Coronaviruses that are important human pathogens. This virus caused severe acute respiratory syndrome and was initially identified to be transmitted between humans on November 17, 2019. Objectives: To investigate the lineage, mutational patterns, variants, and serotypes of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the Duhok governorate population and to compare them with those identified in travelers crossing the border from Turkey in order to trace the epidemiological patterns. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 700 individuals living in Duhok and 700 travelers crossing the border to Duhok-Iraq from Turkey. The subjects were recruited by random sampling and questioned about demographic features and symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Exclusion criteria included vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines of any approved previous infection. Samples were subjected to RT-PCR, and 30 positive samples with the highest viral load (lowest Ct values) were chosen for sequencing of the complete S gene by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Three platforms of Nextstrain, GISAID, and PANGO were used to identify variants, clades, and lineages and analyze sequences. Results: Out of 1400 participants, 353 (25.21%) positive samples were identified by RT-PCR, of which 30 representative positive samples (15 from each group: Patients and travelers) were sent for complete sequencing of the S spike gene using NGS. Nineteen samples were successfully sequenced and retrieved, including nine samples from Duhok residents and ten samples from travelers. Nextclade results revealed that 12 samples belonged to the delta strain (Pango lineages: B1.617.2.78, B1.617.2, B1.617.126, and B.1.617.121) distributed among the two groups while 5 omicron (BA.1.1) and 2 alpha (B.1.1.7) strains were found among travelers. A total of 76 mutations, including 52 non-synonymous, 16 synonymous, and 8 deletions, were detected without identifying a unique mutation. Sequencing results were submitted to GISAID, and accession numbers were obtained. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the sequences obtained from Iraqi and non-Iraqi variants from GISAID. Conclusions: The present research presents a description and observation of the genetic and epigenetic status of SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq based on sequencing results. The study revealed the impact of travels in introducing new variants to the country, including those with mutations in the S1 domain of the spike protein that can enhance viral attachment to receptors.
Dermoscopic Pattern of Basal Cell Carcinoma in H- and Non-H-Zones
Authors: Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś Joanna , Salwowska Natalia , Bergler-Czop Beata
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) localized in the H-zone, the region of fusion of embryonic masses, has been associated with a higher risk of deeper invasion and more frequent recurrence.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare dermoscopic features of BCC in H and non-H zone that may most appropriately characterize those two locations.
Methods: Dermoscopy images of histopathologically confirmed BCCs from 120 patients
were retrospectively analyzed. Dermoscopy features of BCC in H- and non-H zone were described and a comparative study of the dermoscopic pattern of BCC between the two locations was performed.
Results: Of 120 BCC cases included in this study, 41 (34.2%) were located in the H-zone. The most frequent histological type was nodular (51.3% in H- zone and 61.6 % in non-H-zone) followed by superficial (5.1% and 19.8 % in H and non-H-zone respectively).
In dermoscopy, there was a higher prevalence of ulceration (73.2% versus 43.6%, P < 0.001) in H-zone and a lower prevalence of brown globules (26.8% versus 53.2%; P = 0.01), when compared with the non-H-zone.
Conclusions: Our results show that dermoscopic features of BCC on the face fulfill a typical pattern regardless of the region, except for the prevalence of the ulceration which is significantly more frequent in H-zone and the brown globules present significantly more often in the non-H-zone It can be hypothesized that H-zone might predispose to more aggressive course of BCC complicated by ulceration and consequently deeper tissue destruction.
Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis and Palisaded Neutrophilic Granulomatous Dermatitis: Retrospective Clinicopathological Analysis of 16 cases
Authors: Sarıkaya Tellal Ebru , İlhan Erdil Dilara , Gore Karaali Muge , Koku Aksu Ayse Esra , Erdemir VA , Kara Polat Asude , Leblebici Cem
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Reactive granulomatous dermatitis (RGD) is a new entity, which is highly associated with systemic disorders. There is scarce data regarding interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) and palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD).
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological characteristics of IGD and PNGD as unified entities under the term of RGD.
Methods: Observational, retrospective, single-center study of patients diagnosed with IGD and PNGD between 2012 and 2021 were included in the study.
Results: Of 16 patients with RGD 13 had IGD and 3 had PNGD (14 females, 2 males) with a mean age of 62,5. The most common presentation was plaques 37,5% (n=6), followed by patches 25%. The most common localization of involvement was lower extremity 75%, followed by trunk and upper extremity. Multiple localization of involvement was determined in 75% of patients. None of the patients had rope sign. Associated comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases and malignancies were detected in 68,7% of patients. In majority of biopsies (85,7%), there were lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration. Other accompanying cells were scarce neutrophils 31,2% and eosinophils 31,2%. All of the biopsies had interstitially located lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration surrounding with swollen and degenerated collagen. Palisaded pattern was determined in 18,7% of patients and floating sign was seen in 18,7% of biopsies.
Conclusions: RGD is a rare entity and most patients with RGD had associated disorders such as autoimmunity or malignancy. There is overlapping between IGD and PNGD, therefore supporting the usage of umbrella term as reactive granulomatous dermatitis is compatible with the literature.
Evaluation of the Knowledge of Primary Care Physicians About Important Nail Diseases Before and After a Short Online Training
Authors: Greco Pauline , Pham Félix , Duru Gérard , Lainé Xavier , Dalle Stéphane , Thomas Luc
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Nail diseases are often diagnosed late with a potential prognostic and functional im-pact. This could be partly due to knowledge gaps among primary care physicians (PCPs).
Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge about diagnosis and management of ten common/important nailconditions in a population of French PCPs and its improvement after a 31-minute online training session.
Methods: We submitted 10 pre-test and post-test clinical cases and an educative online course on the diagnosis and the management of nail diseases to 138 volunteer PCPs; 73 completed the whole training path.
Results: Compared to pre-test, more PCPs in the post-test required an urgent second opinion to der-matologist for pigmented melanoma (100% versus 80.3%; P <0.05) and use of inappropriate/danger-ous systemic treatment for trauma-induced nail changes was reduced after the training program (0% versus 6.8%; P <0.05).A lack of knowledge remained after training for amelanotic melanoma with an increase of mycological/bacteriological tests (9.6% versus 0%; P <0.05).
Conclusions: Management of nail diseases by our panel of PCPs was suboptimal and was improved after a short online training.
Non-destructive magnetic evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steels
Authors:   CEIT - Centre of Studies & Technical Research of Gipuzkoa, Martinez-de-Guerenu Ane ,   Tata Steel, Van Den Berg Frenk ,   Tata Steel, Aarnts Maxim ,   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas Madrid  (CENIM), Celada-Casero Carola ,   CEIT - Centre of Studies & Technical Research of Gipuzkoa, Jorge-Badiola Denis
Published: July 2023

Because of more demanding mechanical properties in sheet steel products in the automotive industry, the use of multi-phase steels, capable of complying with those mechanical requirements, has been growing along the last decades. The non-destructive characterization of these steel grades, therefore, has become an active research line worldwide. In the present work, the magnetic characterization by magnetic hysteresis BH loops of various strip samples of industrially cold rolled and annealed DP800 (dual phase) and CP800 (complex phase) steels at several positions with varying processing temperatures in the coil length has been performed. In addition, a detailed EBSD characterization of the samples has allowed determining the fraction of the various microconstituents, namely, ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite. Finally, the mechanical characterization has been done through hardness and tensile tests on all the samples. All the results regarding these three aspects have been analysed carefully to extract likely relationships among them. Clear one-to-one linear correlations have been found between all these features, even though large variations in mechanical/magnetic properties and microstructures have been attained. Specifically, for volume fractions of bainite approximately between 15% to 75%, the yield and tensile strengths show a linear correlation with the coercive field, Hc. Thus, the coercive field may be a candidate to become a parameter for the prediction of the mechanical properties if a previous calibration is performed on these steel grades with multi-phase microstructures.
Thermoacoustic phased-array radiators – Theory, characteristics, and applications
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Hufschläger Daniel ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Gohlke Dirk ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Weise Matthias ,   HMU Health and Medical University, Bente Klaas ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Gaal Mate
Published: July 2023

Standard non-invasive acoustic non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like testing in contact or using immersion tank arrangements are limited since the probes need to be in direct contact with the test piece or using a fluid as coupling media. Air-coupled ultrasonic testing avoids these limitations and enables new testing methods. Two up-and-coming transducer technologies are recognized as promising: transducers using ferroelectrets and transmitters based on the thermoacoustic principle. Thermoacoustic radiators based on thin-film technology offer a resonant-free generation of ultrasound. The resonance-free operation enables the wideband generation of acoustics waves and promises advantages for existing NDT methods. Using specially shaped substrates and electrodes enables the fabrication of planar and focused thermoacoustic radiators. This contribution presents the latest results of our ongoing research regarding thermoacoustic radiators, which is the thermoacoustic phased-array. Phased-array transducers offer the on-the-fly change of the steering angle and the position of the focal point without moving or modifying the transducer itself. Combining both technologies, thermoacoustic emitter and the phasedarray principle broaden the spectrum of classical NDT applications and modern approaches like the excitation of guided waves or structural health monitoring. In detail, we modelled the sound field of a self-fabricated thermoacoustic phased-array radiator, characterised the emitter elementwise and tested several application scenarios (e.g., transmission, beam steering, focusing and the excitation of guided waves).
Improvement of 3D-Active Thermography by using Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Rittmann Johannes ,   University of Stuttgart, Kreutzbruck Marc
Published: July 2023

For the one-dimensional case of heat propagation in active thermography the thickness of the investigated specimen can be directly reconstructed using known evaluation methods such as laser flash analysis or thermographic signal reconstruction and observation of a characteristic time. Concerning the multidimensional case diffusive effects have a strong impact on the heat propagation of the thermal wave, which leads to misinterpretations when evaluating the thickness especially at deep-lying edges and inhomogeneities in a specimen. The deeper a defect is located in the component, the more diffuse it is perceived in a change in surface temperature. Within this paper, heat flux simulations and real measurements of pulse thermography of different defect geometries are used to train a neural network for depth-resolved defect interpretation. The defect geometries are based on geometries of real impact damages in composites and were realistically obtained from a micromechanical fracture simulation. The neural network is based on an encoder-decoder approach where the temperature values of the cooling curve after a pulse-shaped excitation serve as input information. Segmentation is performed as a function of the backwall geometry. By training several thousand defect geometries using an encoder-decoder network, it was possible for the first time to directly infer the backwall geometry of a component without additional information about the component. Finally, it is shown how simulations can support the inversion of thermal waves for 3D-thermography of real measurements by an artificial intelligence system.
Time of flight fast approximation method for ultrasound sub-surface imaging
Authors:   Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cosarinsky Guillermo ,   Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Muñoz Mario ,   Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cruza Jorge F. ,   Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Camacho Jorge
Published: July 2023

Time-Of-Flight (TOF) computations are needed in all ultrasound imaging methods. In Non Destructive Testing (NDT), where ultrasound inspections are frequently done using a coupling medium between the transducer and the test piece, wave refraction complicates TOF computations and iterative methods are needed, which hinders frame rate. For fast imaging simple approximation methods are needed. In this work we propose a TOF fast approximation method for the particular case of sub-surface imaging.
Identification of overloads on splined shafts by means of eddy current testing technology
Authors:   Leibniz University Hannover, Gansel René ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Zwoch Stefan ,   Clausthal University of Technology, Heinrich Christian ,   Clausthal University of Technology, Lohrengel Armin ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Maier Hans Jürgen ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Barton Sebastian
Published: July 2023

For the development of resource-efficient machines, the availability of high-quality information about the actual loads that occur is a key prerequisite. By continuously monitoring the loads on the component, critical events can be detected, and thus component failure prevented. Future product generations can also be designed in a resource-saving way depending on the loads that actually occur. The information is most useful when it is obtained directly from the highly loaded areas of the component. In this study, a concept is presented that enables in-situ detection of mechanical overloads on splined shafts by eddy current techniques. Splined shaft connections are among the most heavily stressed machine elements in the drive train and are usually located centrally in the powertrain. To monitor mechanical overloads, a material-integrated sensor will be developed. The structural change that takes place in the sensor as a result of overloads can be monitored with the help of eddy current testing technology. To ensure permanent monitoring of the sensor area, a compact eddy current testing system has to be integrated into the component. This consists of a printed circuit board coil, an evaluation unit, a data transmission module and an energy-harvesting module. The measurement principle for the stainless steels employed is based on the microstructural transformation from metastable austenite to martensite when the material is stressed beyond a threshold value. The threshold at which the structural transformation occurs can individually be adjusted in the sensor area by a local laser heat treatment.
Reliable non-destructive detection and characterization of material degradation caused by high-temperature corrosion
Authors:   Leibniz University Hannover, Barton Sebastian ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Steinbrecher Niklas ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: July 2023

Components made from nickel-based superalloys are widely used in gas turbines for aircraft and power plants. In addition to high corrosion resistance, they feature very good creep and fatigue strength at temperatures near 1000 °C. Yet, corrosive attack can significantly reduce the mechanical properties, and thus the expected remaining service life of these components. Therefore, in the case of safety-critical parts, detailed information on the component’s actual condition is crucial. In the present study, a non-destructive electromagnetic testing technique was developed that is capable of reliably detecting early degradation caused by high-temperature corrosion on components made of nickel-based alloys. The testing technique combines the use of temperature-resistant sensors and a variation of the component temperature in a wide range. This allows the determination of the magnetic properties of the component as a function of temperature. It was shown that the measurement signals obtained correlates with the degree of chromium depletion. Thus, a reliable and non-destructive detection of degradation caused by high-temperature corrosion was possible. A special feature of the presented testing technique is that degradation can be detected at an earlier stage compared to conventional methods. In addition, the technique enables the characterization of the microstructure condition directly in the component. The applicability of the testing technique was demonstrated for components with concave surface geometries, like turbine blades.
Infrared Thermography testingduring the welding process
Authors:   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Saint Yves Sébastien ,   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Fedrigo Oriane ,   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Recolin Jules
Published: July 2023

Metal parts assembly by welding processes requires the performance of post-fabrication

inspection to ensure the integrity of the weld seams. These inspections are timeconsuming and require the completion of welding operations before being performed.

Implementation of an "in-situ inspection" to adapt or stop the process during a drift of it

would allow to obtain a gain in the immobilization of the parts, to improve the quality of

the assemblies, and to make the welding processes more reliable. Online monitoring of

many manufacturing processes is of real interest to guarantee the quality of manufactured

products.
Automated Multi-NDT Method
Authors:   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Recolin Jules ,   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Fedrigo Oriane ,   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Hodé Romain ,   French Industrial and Mechanical Technical Centre (CETIM), Pors Guillaume
Published: July 2023

This paper deals with the operating principle of a multi-NDT test bench aimed at automatically test wind turbine blade sections. This bench uses two NDT methods, infrared thermography (IRT) which is a global method and phased array ultrasonic testing (UTPA) which is a volumic method. The interest of using UTPA compared to conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) is to cover a larger area for a single scan line. This allows shorter scan durations. Concerning the test course, the IRT method aims first to detect suspicious areas and UTPA comes next for sanctioning the indications previously detected. Thus, the test cycle is shorter than a classic robotized UTPA scan and offers more precision in sizing defects than only an IRT method. This project is a follow-up to tests carried out manually in 2019 at CETIM.
Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Class Segmentation in Industrial CT-Data
Authors:   Hochschule Karlsruhe – University of Applied Sciences, Schanz Tim ,   Hochschule Karlsruhe – University of Applied Sciences, Tenscher-Philipp Robin ,   Hochschule Karlsruhe – University of Applied Sciences, Marschall Fabian ,   Hochschule Karlsruhe – University of Applied Sciences, Simon Martin
Published: July 2023

In this work, a multiclass segmentation of defects on industrial CT data is performed. The segmentation is implemented by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Different architectures are evaluated and compared to find the best model architecture for this task. Different metrics for segmentation and classification analysis are used to evaluate the networks. The three best models are presented in this paper. All of them obtained positive results; the model with the U-Net architecture achieved the best results with a remarkable segmentation performance of 90.18% and a classification performance of 95.77%.
State of Aging Classification of Modified-HP Steel Tubes by Eddy Current Test Applying Machine Learning
Authors:   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Pereira Soares Brandão Ana Carolina ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Dantas Fonseca Ana Beatriz ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), de Araujo Soares Iane ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Henrique de Almeida Luiz ,   Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Johanna Pacheco Clara ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Pereira Gabriela Ribeiro
Published: July 2023

In the petrochemical industry, steam reforming furnaces play a crucial role in large-scale hydrogen production. These furnaces are equipped with centrifugal cast HP-modified austenitic stainless-steel tubes, which are exposed to temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000ºC for extended periods. As a result, the wall temperature profile of these tubes exhibits a vertical gradient of distinct aging states, labelled as state I to VI in the literature, each characterized by specific microstructures. Given that the reformer tubes are expensive components of the furnace assembly, it is imperative to monitor their service life. Non-destructive testing is a vital tool for evaluating the structural integrity of industrial components. Hence, the objective of this study is to establish a real-time classification system for determining the aging states of HP-modified stainless-steel tubes using a non-destructive magnetic system and the machine learning technique Support Vector Machine (SVM). Two tubes, each measuring 12.6 meters in length, were removed from the same steam reforming furnace after 160,000 hours of service. The inspection was conducted using an eddy current hybrid probe adapted to an inspection vehicle, allowing for real-time data acquisition. The results demonstrated that the developed classification system was capable of accurately identifying the different aging states present along the studied tubes.
Strategies for pipeline inspection using mobile robots
Authors:   University of Bristol, Zhang Jie ,   University of Bristol, Niu Xudong ,   University of Bristol, Croxford Anthony J. ,   University of Bristol, Drinkwater Bruce W.
Published: July 2023

Continuous non-destructive monitoring of large-scale pipelines is extremely challenging with traditional manual inspections. In this paper, we explore possible strategies that a collection of inspection robots could adopt to address this challenge. We envision the continuous inspection of a pipe performed by multiple robots or a single robot that combines measurements from multiple locations. The robots use guided ultrasonic waves to detect defects and interrogate their locations. The experimental inspection works were performed on a 3-meter-long steel pipe with multiple defects. The whole inspection process was divided into a defect detection stage and a defect localisation stage. In the detection stage the receiver operating characteristic defines a threshold to find a detection zone in which a defect is thought to be present. In the localisation stage, further six measurements arranged in a pentagon with a central measurement point are made to locate the defect within this zone to a certain accuracy. We also discussed the effect of sensor misposition on defect location accuracy using Monte Carlo simulations. As predicted from simulation, seven of nine defects on the pipe were detected and located with reasonable defect location accuracy. This accuracy was further improved by using additional measurements. A methodology by which mobile robots can inspect large pipelines has been described and demonstrated on detecting and localising multiple defects on a 3-mm-long steel pipe. This will benefit a workable approach to the use of autonomous (or semiautonomous) mobile robots for the inspection of large structures that is just the beginning of exploration in the area.
Advances in Automated Eddy-Current Characterisation of Carbon Fibre Composites
Authors:   University of Bristol, Yi Qiuji ,   University of Bristol, Hughes Robert ,   University of Bristol, Wilcox Paul D.
Published: July 2023

Ply wrinkles in CFRP laminates are common and can lead to significant failure in composite structures if not properly assessed during the design, manufacturing, and service phases. Evaluating wrinkle geometries can be difficult as they are influenced by multiple factors, such as asymmetry, wavelength, and amplitude, which impact the structure's mechanical performance. High-frequency eddy current testing has proven effective for detecting in-plane waviness and out-of-plane wrinkles. However, the complex nature of CFRP structures and electrical anisotropy may hinder the effectiveness of an eddy current in-line monitoring system if not taken into account. In this study, an advanced modelling approach is employed to simulate the structural variation of the conductivity tensor. A designated wrinkle area, characterized by reduced electrical conductivity, is integrated with structural modelling to replicate a realistic coupon sample containing a wrinkle defect. Four proposed configurations are used to virtually test the samples, and their detection capabilities are analyzed quantitatively.
Analysis of formation processes of informative features in eddy current probes with pulsed excitation mode
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine (Kiewer Polytechnisches Institut Ihor Sikorskyj-KPI), Lysenko Iuliia ,   National Technical University of Ukraine (Kiewer Polytechnisches Institut Ihor Sikorskyj-KPI), Kuts Yuriy ,   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Uchanin Valentin ,   National Technical University of Ukraine (Kiewer Polytechnisches Institut Ihor Sikorskyj-KPI), Protasov Anatoliy
Published: July 2023

The modern pulsed eddy current (EC) technique for flaw detection in structure inspections of aircraft and automotive elements, or other responsible constructions is typically carried out in aperiodic mode. At the same time, the unstable characteristic points of the EC signal usually used as informative parameters can restrict the potential of this excitation mode due to influence measurement errors. The article considers an application of the pulsed EC method of NDT based on the oscillatory mode. To obtain the conditions concerned with different modes of EC probe response oscillations, an equivalent scheme of the “testing object – EC probe” system was developed. The conditions represent the signal formation process and allow analyzing it for impedance and differential probes. The obtained mathematical model of the probe signals allowed for the dependence of proposed signal parameters on the characteristics of the testing object to be evaluated due to simulation. According to this, the frequency and attenuation coefficient of natural oscillations are proposed as the informative parameters. Also, the simulation results are used for developing enhanced algorithmic software for determining and analyzing the EC signals. The proposed informative parameters are experimentally investigated using a set of specimens. The obtained experimental and simulation results are correlated and it confirms the possibility of the proposed methodology to enhance the inspection procedures related to the specimen’s parameters measurements as well as the detected defect sizing.
Ten+ Years of Experience in Digitization of Cultural Heritage by Means of Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography: A Summary
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Fuchs Theobald O.J. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Boehnel Michael ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Kretzer Christian ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Reims Nils ,   University of Passau, Sauer Tomas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Scholz Gabriele ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Wagner Rebecca
Published: July 2023

Digitization of irreplaceable objects of cultural significance is gaining permanently more importance as field of research [1-5]. At places, which keep collections of historical or archaeological character, a strong desire exists to create a digital twin of at least parts of those collections. The reasons therefore are manifold. In order to produce high-quality 3D volume data representing various objects, at the Fraunhofer X-ray Development Centre (EZRT), Fürth/Germany, up to 15 different Computed Tomography (CT) systems can be used, each with specific performance characteristics. There are two aspects, which have to be considered with each measurement: first, which materials are present in the historical object? Second, which is the purpose the measurement is made for? During the last 10 years, almost 200 objects of cultural heritage were digitized at the Fraunhofer EZRT. Historical objects include art works, relics, musical instruments, technological prototypes like a Messerschmitt Me 163 jet plane, archaeological findings such as hoards, Roman weaponry, fossilized skeletons, and many more. We will present the most interesting cases among these and draw a series of conclusions regarding the handling of the valuable objects, parametrization and realization of the measurement and – last but not least – post processing and data handling.
Latest Developments in the Hardspot Inspection of heavy plates
Authors:   ROSEN Technology and Research Center (RTRC), Lutter Sven ,   ROSEN Germany GmbH, Lingen, Schneibel Gerald ,   ROSEN Germany GmbH, Lingen, Stawicki Olaf ,   ROSEN Technology and Research Center (RTRC), Molenda Daniel
Published: July 2023

Hard Spots are local areas with increased hardness on the surface of semi-finished or end products in steel manufacturing. The cause of these hard spots is attributed to effects in the casting or rolling process. In general, the occurrence of hard spots cannot be avoided completely in production of heavy plates. Therefore, in various current line-pipe specifications the topic ‘hard spots’ is discussed and there is actually a strong request for a suitable test method from end users as well as manufacturers of line pipes. The current presentation should give an update on the ongoing developments. Basis of all current approaches are electromagnetic inspection methods, based on the correspondence in between electrical and magnetic material properties and physical hardness. To be able to integrate an inspection into the production process, the so called rolling skin or mill scale, a thin surface layer of different iron oxides with different material properties to the base material, should not influence the inspection results. The inhomogeneities of this rolling skin, especially in conductivity and permeability, normally render standard eddy current inspection impossible. Additionally in the standard production process, the products were handled by large cranes, manipulating the plates by strong magnets. These magnets leave behind a significant residual magnetization. To overcome both problems the method uses a strong alternating magnetization to measure different resulting micro magnetic parameters. By combining these parameters, the mill scale as well as the residual magnetization effects can be minimized, so it gets possible to measure small local hardness variations on the plates. The presented paper describes the actual progress of the inspection method itself including the theoretical background as well as the calibration on artificial hard spots. Furthermore, an outlook will be given to the implementation in an automatic inline inspection system for plate mills.
Introduction of a certification procedure for the acoustic response of reference reflectors for ultrasonic testing
Authors:   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Würschig Thomas
Published: July 2023

This article describes a certification procedure which includes both the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the acoustic response of reference reflectors. It is dedicated to one-dimensional reference defects such as notches or side drilled holes but can be generalized also to two-dimensional reflectors such as flat bottom holes. At the beginning relevant measured quantities are introduced. This includes the defect homogeneity and the effective defect length which are extracted from the acoustic reflection profile. Afterwards, a setup for the performance of certification measurements is shown and the overall procedure is described. All results are summarized in a standardized protocol. At the end, the reference certification in the daily use is discussed. Due to the large database a statistic evaluation can be presented. It shows that a significant percentage of references do not fulfil the given quality criteria. The importance of a quality monitoring at different time periods is illustrated with an example of a reference notch where measurements before and after commissioning revealed a significant quality degradation. Finally, the presented method can serve as basis for updates of common standards with respect to a more complete specification of reference reflectors which will be needed due to the increasing demands on the accuracy of ultrasonic testing systems.
Air-coupled Ultrasonic Inspection of Thermoplastic Composite Structures for Aerospace Vehicles
Authors:   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Huber Armin
Published: July 2023

Composites have become the most important type of material used in the manufacturing of aerospace vehicle components. One focus of the German Aerospace Center is to develop cost-efficient manufacturing processes for large-scale composite components such as liquid hydrogen tanks, rocket booster pressure vessels, and aircraft fuselages. To enable a high degree of automation in the manufacturing, robot-assisted tape-laying processes with flash lamp consolidation of thermoplastic prepregs are preferred. Nondestructive inspection is crucial to monitor manufacturing quality, and various forms of ultrasonic inspection have become standard. Air-coupled ultrasonic inspection is applied at the German Aerospace Center, and since access to the component is usually available only from one side, Lamb waves are excited and detected in focused slanted reflection mode. Like the manufacturing process, air-coupled ultrasonic inspection has been automated as well to avoid a significant pause during or after manufacturing. The paper demonstrates the robot-assisted air-coupled ultrasonic inspection of a liquid hydrogen tank. The robotic program is generated using offline programming software, based on the topography of a CAD model of the hydrogen tank. The inspection is carried out by scanning the component while ultrasonic pulses are triggered on a regular grid. The ultrasonic A-scans together with the measurement coordinates are monitored simultaneously. The data are used to generate and evaluate a three-dimensional C-scan.
Advances in the implementation of a UT contactless inspection system in the manufacturing process of thermoplastic components for aeronautical use, within the framework of the H2020-DOMMINIO project.
Authors:   Dasel S.L., Giacchetta Roberto ,   Dasel S.L., Gonzalez Ricardo ,   Dasel S.L., Sánchez David ,   Aciturri Aeronáutica S.L, Morales Alfredo ,   AIMEN Technology Center, Ansedes Francisco ,   Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics and Physics (ICIMAF), Moreno Eduardo
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, the aeronautical industry has undergone a drastic transformation in the manufacturing philosophy in response to the growth of aircraft production (by 60% in the last 10 years), due to the increase in passenger transport demand. Although the pandemic has contracted the sector 66% during the last years 2020-2021, it is expected to normalize by 2024. The transition to the use of more advanced composite materials, together with the increase in aircraft performance and the rate of productivity is a challenge. Also, the necessity to produce effective structures and components using ecological materials and technologies have been increased, with the consequence of reducing cost, weight and fuel consumption. The DOMMINIO project from the European H2020 program, aims to develop new integrated design methodologies and knowledge based on manufacturing and optimization for the production of new multifunctional fuselage parts. A new technology is applied manufacturing by Laser ATL (Automatic Tape Layout) technique, using the automated deposit of thermoplastic tapes on a mold. Additionally, the DOMMINIO project deals with ensuring the quality of the components during the manufacturing process by a novel non-destructive control based on Ultrasound contactless technologies. To this end, DASEL has developed non-contact transducers that are coupled to the technological process of layer deposition, performing a non-contact quality control. This paper presents the results of the first year of the project, emphasizing the detection of delamination or lack of consolidation in real time.