bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Using Portfolio Assessment as an Alternative Assessment Method for Teaching English in Indonesian Schools
Authors: Afrianto Afrianto
Published: March 2019

Conducting an assessment is a part of teachers' roles and responsibilities. Assessment is a process by which teachers can get feedback for their teaching and students' learning. It can provide data about teachers' teaching effectiveness as well students' learning progress and achievement. Among many alternative authentic assessments suggested in the latest 2013 Curriculum, the portfolio is one of the recommended types of assessment used by teachers at schools lately. However, the reality shows that this portfolio assesment is not used effectively yet in the field. Instead, many teachers still rely on some kinds of traditional tests to assess students' learning. This paper discusses theoretical foundations of this portfolio assessment, followed by a discussion on how to make use of it in the field. Some challenges and possible solutions are also addressed in this paper.
ACADEMIC ADVISORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMIC ADVISING IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Van Nguyen Thuy , Said Hamdan
Published: March 2019

Abstract: This study explored academic advisors’ perceptions toward academic advising implemented at public universities of Malaysia. Using a qualitative research design with cross-site analysis strategy approach, interviews were conducted with eight academic advisors from four Malaysian public universities. Each interview session was assisted by the interview protocol. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The qualitative data was analysed in the form of thematic analysis with the assistance of NVivo12. Several themes emerged from the initial analysis. Further analysis using several coding and themes revealed one advanced theme namely the outcomes of academic advising and four sub-themes related to student development: academic development, personal development, social development, and career development. This study found that academic development, personal development and career development were the first, second, and third themes most stated while the subtheme social development was hardly stated by the academic advisors when asked regarding their perceptions towards academic advising. The finding of this study implies that social development of students was not part of academic advising tasks of academic advisors from the perspective of Malaysian public universities.
THE PERSPECTIVES OF LOCAL WISDOM IN CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT OF FISH SPECIES AT RANGAU RIVER, RIAU PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: YUSTINA YUSTINA , Darmadi Darmadi , IRIANTI MITRI , DAHNILSYAH DAHNILSYAH
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This descriptive research was conducted at Rantau Kopar village, Rokan Hilir District from January to June 2017. The reason for this study is due to the drastic declining of biodiversity of fish species at Rangau river despite the existence the local wisdom to protect the watershed in the area. It is aimed to discover the perspectives local wisdom in preventing the decreasing of fish biodiversity at Rangau river. The employed sampling technique was snowball technic sampling which involved 30 respondents. The primary data were obtained using observation and interview; the secondary data (documents). Data consist of community composition, livelihood, community participation in preserving the local wisdom, the synergy between the local wisdom and the policies of the local administration. The data were computed in percentage and were analyzed descriptively. The findings demonstrated that the local wisdom was compiled by the local community whose livelihood as fishermen. Conversely, in 2017, the local people did not comply with both sanction and the local customary law, there had been careless exploitation of the water across the watershed to be oil palm plantation area and the increasing number of oil palm farmers. This study concludes that the main threat facing the local wisdom is that the policies of local administration are not synergic with the local wisdom as stipulated in the regulations and conservation of the area across the watershed of Rangau. The implication of this study is used for the supplementary materials for the bioetnomalay subject in the Indonesian education
Prevalence and Patterns of Thyroid Disorders Assessed from Neck Ultrasonography in Western Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya Tirtha , Parajuly SS , Pangeni R
Published: March 2019

Background: Thyroid problems are rapidly increasing in the world. Thyroid ultrasonography may be a very simple tool to assess and screen thyroid problems. This retrospective study to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders from neck ultrasonography in relation to age, gender and disease type was performed in Diabetes Thyroid and Endocrinology Care Center, Pokhara Nepal.

Methods: Five hundred computer saved datas from the Radiology Department of Diabetes Thyroid & Endocrinology Care Center from April 2017 to April 2018 were collected. Cases were reviewed for age, gender and disease type and statistical analysis was done using SPSS tool.

Results: Out of 500 patients 14% were males, 86% were females; age ranged from three days to 86 years. Hasimoto's thyoiditis was commonest problem and very prevalent in women.

Conclusions: Thyroid problems are so common in general population, especially in females. Simple diagnostic tool like neck ultrasonography gives clue to make clinical diagnosis.
Dental Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs of Patients Visiting Gandaki Medical College, Western Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar Sapna Laxmi , Parajuli U , Manandhar P , Gurung G
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The study of prosthetic status and prosthetic need will help us to find out the degree of treatment required in the population which will help to frame the health care services.

Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the prosthetic status, prosthetic need in different age groups and their correlation with socio-economic status in patients visiting Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal.

Materials and Methods: The patients visiting Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal were screened. The demographic profile of the patients was obtained and clinical examination for prosthetic status and prosthetic need was done based on WHO method.

Results: There were total of 309 patients who visited the department during the study period. There were 133 (43%) male and 176 (57%) female patients. The majority of patients had no prosthesis in upper arch 78.6% and 83.8% in lower arch. The number of patients with replacement of missing teeth in upper arch was 66 (21.4%) and in lower arch were 50 (16.2%). There were 159 (51.5%) of patients requiring one or the other form of prosthesis in upper arch and 161 (52.1%) of patients in lower arch.

Conclusion: The majority of patients had no prosthesis 78.6% in upper arch and 83.8% in lower arch. The need of prosthesis was 51.5% in upper arch and 52.1 % in lower arch.
Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism at National Children’s Hospital
Authors: Bhattarai Arjun , KC Nawaraj , Subedi N , KC Namrata , Bijukchhe SM , Paudel S
Published: March 2019

Background: Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a broad conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication.

Objectives: To determine the demographic profile of patients diagnosed with ASD, determine the significant prenatal and perinatal risk factors associated with ASD.

Results: A total of 116 subjects were included in the study with 58 cases and 58 controls. They belong to the age ranging from 4 to 16 years old. Every case had a confirmed diagnosis of autism at NCH. There was a significant association noted between neonatal jaundice, nulliparity (OR=2.38; 95% CI, 0.85-6.8) and family history of autism (OR=5.30; 95% CI, 1.29-25.1) with ASD. Exposure to x-ray, medical problems, medicine intake and maternal complications during pregnancy were not significantly associated with ASD with OR 0.74; 95% CI, (0.12-4.15), OR 1.00; 95% CI (0.38-2.61), OR1.49; 95% CI, (0.63-3.53), and OR 1.27; 95%

CI, (0.28-6.05), respectively.

Conclusion: The current study indicates that the only significant predictor of ASD is a family history of autism. However, neonatal jaundice, maternal age of >40 years old, smoking during pregnancy and nulliparity showed a trend towards being risk factors for ASD. None of the other prenatal and perinatal characteristics significantly predicts ASD.
Anaphylaxis to Ceftriaxone – Evaluation of Two Cases
Authors: Hirachan Rozeeta , Gopi PH , Bibek R , KC Hari , Tumaya G , Thaneshwor P , Sandeep N
Published: March 2019

Allergic reactions to beta-lactamase antibiotics are the most common cause of adverse drug reactions mediated by specific immunological mechanism. Anaphylaxis is diagnosed clinically. In two of our cases, patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to anaphylaxis, which was however managed successfully without residual deficits.
Spinal cord injury and the human microbiome: beyond the brain–gut axis
Authors: Wallace David J. , Sayre Naomi L. , Patterson T. Tyler , Nicholson Susannah E. , Hilton Donald , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: March 2019

In addition to standard management for the treatment of the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), implementation of novel neuroprotective interventions offers the potential for significant reductions in morbidity and long-term health costs. A better understanding of the systemic changes after SCI could provide insight into mechanisms that lead to secondary injury. An emerging area of research involves the complex interplay of the gut microbiome and the CNS, i.e., a brain–gut axis, or perhaps more appropriately, a CNS–gut axis. This review summarizes the relevant literature relating to the gut microbiome and SCI. Experimental models in stroke and traumatic brain injury demonstrate the bidirectional communication of the CNS to the gut with postinjury dysbiosis, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue–mediated neuroinflammatory responses, and bacterial-metabolite neurotransmission. Similar findings are being elucidated in SCI as well. Experimental interventions in these areas have shown promise in improving functional outcomes in animal models. This commensal relationship between the human body and its microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, represents an exciting frontier in experimental medicine.
PLECT: Enfermedades tropicales de manifestación verrucosa
Authors: Da Costa-Llanos Felipe Alberto , Martinez Cristina , Azulay Luna
Published: March 2019

Cada día es más habitual ver en nuestra consulta médica enfermedades dermatológicas endémicas de zonas tropicales, gracias a los flujos migratorios recientes y aumento del turismo hacia el extranjero. Presentamos un acrónimo muy utilizado en Brasil, PLECT, que reúne a enfermedades infecciosas que deben tenerse en mente en el diferencial de lesiones verrucosas, a saber, Paracoccidiodomicosis, Leishmaniasis Tegumentar, Esporotricosis, Cromomicosis y Tuberculosis Cutánea.
ESKİ İZMİR SİNEMALARI VE YILDIZ SİNEMASI: MEKÂN, TOPLUM, SEYİR
Authors: KAYA Dilek
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma, “yeni sinema tarihi” yaklaşımından hareketle, 1950-1980 yılları arasında İzmir’de sinema ve sinemaya gitme kültürünü inceliyor. Çalışmada, dönemin en büyük ve en popüler kapalı sinema salonlarından olup bugün hâlâ ayakta olan yorgun ve harap binasında halı saha, bilardo ve masa tenisi salonu olarak hizmet veren “Yıldız Sineması” (1953-1988) üzerinde özel olarak duruluyor. Yerel Yeni Asır gazetesi taramaları ve 34 kişi ile yapılmış sözlü tarih araştırma yönteminden yola çıkan görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel verilerden hareketle, İzmir’in gündelik hayatı içerisinde sine-manın nasıl bir kamusal alan, sosyal olay ve seyir alanı olduğu inceleniyor. Çalışma, söz konusu dönemde, kentteki sinema seyircisinden homojen bir kitle ve sinemanın sosyal deneyiminden tek tip bir deneyim olarak bahsedilemeyeceğini gösteriyor ve yaş, toplumsal cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik sınıf ve beğeni (taste) farklılıklarından kaynaklı farklı deneyim süreçlerinin altını çiziyor. Bu şekilde, sinemanın bir toplu eğlence ve haz alanı olduğu kadar, çeşitli karşılaşmaların ve çatışmaların yaşandığı bir mücadele alanı olduğuna da işaret ediliyor.
El ve El Bileği Yerleşimli Tendon Kılıfının Dev Hücreli Tümörü: 42 Hastanın Retrospektif Analizi
Authors: ÇAPKIN Sercan , KALELİ Tufan
Published: March 2019

Tendon kılıfının dev hücreli tümörü (TKDHT),
ganglion kistinden sonra elde en sık görülen benign yumuşak doku tümörüdür.
Çalışmamızda el ve el bileği yerleşimli TKDHT nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 42
hastanın demografik, klinik, radyolojik ve histopatolojik özellikleri ile
cerrahi sonrası nüks oranları güncel literatür eşliğinde tartışıldı.
Çalışmamızda; kadın/erkek oranı: 2.5/1, ortalama yaş 40.23±14.86, hastaların
%64.28’ inde tümör volar bölgeye lokalize, 
elde en sık lokalizasyon başparmak (%33.3), parmaklarda ise en sık
lokalizasyon proksimal falanks (%35,71) olup, bulgular literatür verileriyle
uyumluydu. Serimizde şikayetin başlangıcından cerrahiye kadar geçen ortalama
zaman 5.4 ay olarak bulundu. Nüks gelişen 2 hastada (%4.76) tümör volar
bölgeden başlayıp dorsal bölgeye doğru uzanmaktaydı ve muhtemel nüks nedeni
geride satellit lezyon kalmasıydı. Sonuç olarak TKDHT benign karakterine rağmen
lokal agresif bir tümördür. Nüks oranlarını azaltmak için büyütücü gözlük
altında, geniş bir cerrahi sahada, titiz bir cerrahi uygulanmalı, özellikle hem
volar hem de dorsal bölgeye lokalize olan tümörlerde geride satellit lezyon
bırakmamak için ayrı insizyonlar kullanılması akılda bulundurulmalıdır.
MULTICULTURAL BASED LEARNING IN INCREASING STUDENTS’ TOLERANCE ATTITUDE
Authors: Hadiwijaya Munawwir , Adi Adi
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study is to reveal how multicultural based learning can increase the multicultural students' level of tolerance. The research is qualitative descriptive which the source of data is obtained from observation of the implementation of multicultural based learning in Speaking II class as well as interviews of students and lecturer. The result shows that the students' level of tolerance increases significantly after the implementation. there are four indicators which supports this claim; first based on the result of racial bias test taken by the students before and after the implementation, which the result shows significant improvement of score,; second, based on observations on every meeting focusing on four skills that become the emphasize of the study. Those skills are: multiculturalism skill, diversity skill, pluralism skill, and relativism skill. The students’ four skills are increased after the implementation of the model.
ENHANCING FIRST GRADE STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION SKILL OF MAN MALANG 1 ON NEWS ITEM TEXT THROUGH SKIMMING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ifianti Trisnian
Published: March 2019

The point of this article is portraying how the ways Skimming Technique can enhance the primary review understudies' Reading Comprehension Skill on News Item Text at MAN Malang 1. In light of the preparatory study, the specialist found the classroom issues of this class particularly in perusing understanding ability on News Item Text of the primary evaluation understudies of MAN Malang 1. The students got trouble to grasp perusing writings which were given by the English educator. This trouble made 80% of the understudies of this class neglected to achieve the standard least of the school, which is 78.00 in their perusing understanding, and the normal score of this class was just 66.2. In this way, the understudies' perusing cognizance aptitude on News Item message must be moved forward. This study utilized Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the exploration outline. The subjects of this study were one class of the main evaluation understudies which comprised of 37 understudies. The systems of the study secured four stages: arranging, executing, perception, and reflection. The information accumulated was as quantitative and subjective information. The quantitative information was acquired from the perusing appreciation test, and the subjective information was gotten from the understudies perception and agenda and the field note of the educating and learning process.
THE EFFECTS OF READING METHOD ON THE COMPREHENSION PERFORMANCE OF THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF BALIKPAPAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMY
Authors: Rochman Muhammad
Published: March 2019

In this study the researcher investigated the relative effects of different reading methods on the comprehension performance of Balikpapan Foreign Language Academy EFL Third Semester students. The scores of participants who read three comparable passages in three ways (oral, silent and subvocalizing) were compared. Results revealed a significant difference between oral reading and subvocalization, and between oral reading and silent reading. Oral reading had the greatest effect on comprehension performance among the three reading methods examined. All groups reported that oral reading was the most preferred reading method with the majority of respondents feeling the style best supported comprehension. Feedback suggested that oral reading was preferred specifically because it helps in memorizing words and texts, concentration, and practicing and pronouncing words for real world encounters. It is recommended that second language lecturers and students use all available reading methods in order to identify which method best serves their study objectives.
Húsfogyasztási szokások
Authors: Keller Veronika , Dernóczky-Polyák Adrienn , Huszka Péter
Published: March 2019

It has been proved that meat is an important source of nutrition in economically developed countries. Relying on current customer trends plant based diets are very popular or diets with minimal meat consumption independently of the possible negative eﬀects on health. Hungarian people are basically omnivores and meat is an important source of nutrition. e aim of this study is to explore the attitude towards meat consumption. An online empirical research with a sample of 1053 respondents (50.5% females and 49.5% males) was conducted in April 2017. e connection between the frequency of meat consumption and the preference of meat types was investigated with the help of analysis of variance. ose who consume meat rarely or never, do not prefer any types of meat. Moderate meat consumers prefer poultry and those who consume meat more than once a week prefer red meat, especially pork and beef. Regular meat consumers have more positive aﬀective attitude (pleasant, good, and favourable, I am for it) towards meat and they do not plan to change their diet in the future. Moderate meat consumers try to consume more vegetables and they are willing to follow a more plant based diet. Health and health management are important topics both at macro- and microeconomic levels. Making white meat (fish and poultry) more popular and increasing the consumption of white meat is necessary with a marketing communication campaign.
Image of the Other in O. Honchar’s Fictional and Journalistic Discourse
Authors: Prylipko Iryna
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the representation of other nations in fiction and journalism by O. Honchar. The specificity of reception and representation of the ethnic characters and other-culture realities is considered in the context of the paradigms “Me – Other”, “Own – Alien”. The paper surveys creative transformation of O. Honchar’s impressions from his trips in different countries, resulted in literary embodiment of perceptive peculiarities noticed by the writer in Hungarians, Slovaks, Czechs, Japanese, Chinese, Indians, Portuguese, Americans, Germans, Gypsies and others. The representation of the Other’s ethnic mentality in fiction and journalistic publications by O. Honchar helps in understanding the range of  the writer’s literary paradigms, reveals his ideological and creative accents and contributes to considering the author as a writer of European tradition. Different imagological aspects in the texts by O. Honchar were interpreted using the markers of ethnic identification: mental values, history, culture, science, economy, nature. In the context of the war theme O. Honchar depicted ethnic peculiarities of Hungarians (“Spring behind Morava”, “Foothold”) and Slovaks (“Modry Stone”). The other-culture realities in Czechoslovakia, China, Japan, and America were described in the genres of essay and sketch. In essays “On the Land of Camões” and “The Shore of His Childhood” the reception of the Other is given in the characters of glorious writers representing their nations. Based on the analysis of text it may be stated that fictional and journalistic discourse of O. Honchar has such special features as distinctive author’s voice, stereotype-free reception and interpretation of the ethnic images and other-culture realities, destructed opposition in representation of the paradigms “Me – Other”, “Own – Alien”, emphasis on the main human values.
Metaphysics of Search in Short Stories by Fedir Potushniak
Authors: Lіakh Tetiana
Published: March 2019

Fedir Potushniak’s works were closely connected to historical and cultural tendencies of literary process of the late 19th – early 20th centuries and therefore reflected Modernism in its European and particular Ukrainian patterns, especially in its transcendental aspect concerning the metaphysical nature of human being. Thus the literary works by Fedir Potushniak require a study that takes into account philosophical ideas of his epoch.

            Fedir Potushniak created his own philosophical conception considering human existence in connection with its spiritual aspect. The writer’s attempt of uncovering the transcendental sense of things is a peculiar feature of both his lyrics and prose. The paper interprets Potushniak’s short stories in the light of his philosophical understanding of metaphysics. Philosophical and aesthetic approach to the analysis of text involves using hermeneutical and aesthetic research methods.

  Images, symbols, time and space variations and other literary details in the works by Fedir Potushniak have been examined with regard to the metaphysical nature of human being and the motif of search reflecting the way of the characters to perceiving their own life and art. A special accent has been made on the issue of human being in the writer’s short stories. The aim of search for magic things such as buried treasure, fire, stone, flower, leads the characters to happiness, prompting them to realize their own spiritual roots beyond time and space. Looking for their dream the characters of Potushniak’s stories pass the inner way of spiritual formation.  Interpretation of short stories by Fedir Potushniak with regard to their philosophical background contributes to better understanding of the writer’s creative phenomenon. The paper aims to reveal new meanings in Potushniak’s fiction and outlines the aspects of interpreting it within interdisciplinary research.
Kişiye Özgü Sözleşmelerin Kariyer Başarısına Etkisinde Algılanan İstihdam Edilebilirliğin Aracı Rolü
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Gaye , AYBAS Meryem , UYARGİL Cavide
Published: March 2019

Yeni kariyer yaklaşımları günümüzde çalışanlar ve işverenlerin istihdam güvencesine ilişkin sorumluluklarını değiştirmiştir. Geleneksel kariyer yaklaşımlarından farklı olarak işverenler artık çalışanlarına yaşam boyu istihdam garantisi vermemekte; ancak başarılı ve örgüte bağlı kişilerin örgütte kalmalarını sağlamak için kariyer geliştirme fırsatlarını onlara sunmaktadırlar. Diğer taraftan çalışanlar kariyer başarılarındaki kendi sorumluluklarının farkındadırlar ve işgücü piyasasında mevcut işlerini korumak, ilerleyebilmek, başka bir örgütte iş bulabilmek amacıyla bilgi, beceri, yetkinlik ve fırsatlara sahip olmaya çalışır; diğer bir deyişle istihdam edilebilirliklerini arttırma çabasını gösterirler. Değişen bu çalışma koşullarının sonucunda, geçmişte kişi ile işvereni arasında gerçekleşen ve işverenin çalışana yaşam boyu istihdam garantisi sağlayan eski psikolojik sözleşmenin yerini, sözleşme koşullarının müzakere edilebilirliği durumunda ortaya çıkan kişiye özgü sözleşmeler almıştır. Müzakere edilebilirlik, kişinin pazarlık gücüne bağlı olduğu kadar, iş gücü pazarında yüksek talep gören beceri ve niteliklere sahip olunmasına bir başka değişle istihdam edilebilirliğe de bağlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kişiye özgü sözleşmelerin kariyer başarısına etkisinde algılanan istihdam edilebilirliğin aracı rolü olup olmadığını incelemektir. Çalışmanın kapsamını pazarlık güçlerinin yüksek olduğu düşünülen sistem analisti, yazılım uzmanı vb. gibi bilgi teknolojileri alanında çalışanlar ve dijital pazarlama/satış/hizmet iş süreçlerinde görev yapan ve bağlı olduğu bir yöneticisi bulunan kişiler bilişim sektörü çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Söz konusu alanlarda 110 kişiden elde edilen veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmış olup, hipotezler SPSS 21 istatistik programı aracılığı ile test edilmiştir.
Uluslararası’nın Beckçi Eleştirisi
Authors: TABAK Hüsrev
Published: March 2019

Refleksif modernleşme, ikinci modernite, kozmopolitanlaşma ve dünya risk toplumu kuramlarının öncülerinden ve Uluslararası İlişkiler alanında özellikle risk toplumu üzerine çalışmalarıyla bilinen sosyolog Ulrich Beck, Uluslararası İlişkiler yazımının tarihsel olarak ulusal durum tasavvuru üzerine inşa edildiğini, metodolojik ulusçuluğun alana içkin bir pratik olduğunu ve bunun ötesine geçmek için kozmopolitan bir metodoloji takip edilmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma metodolojik ulusçuluğun Uluslararası İlişkiler alanındaki içkin konumuna yönelik bir sorgu oluşturmakta, Ulrich Beck’in kozmopolitan sosyolojisinin ve metodolojik kozmopolitanizminin ilgili yanlışın ötesine geçmek için sunduğu araçları ve imkânları tartışmakta ve bu minvalde Beckçi kozmopolitanizmin alanda mevcut analiz birimleri ve kategorileri için öngördüğü değişim ve dönüşümleri tartışmaktadır. Çalışma, önerilen kozmopolitan dönüşümün anlamını genelde Uluslararası İlişkiler, özelde de Ulusötesi İlişkiler ve Dış Politika çalışmaları alanları için ayrı ayrı sorgularken, kozmopolitan yaklaşımın metodolojik ulusçuluğu ve onun getirdiği indirgemeci sorunları aşarak ilgili alanlara, temel araştırma kategorileri olan ulusalı, uluslararasını, ve küreseli ulusötesi nitelikli yapılar ve ilişkiler olarak yeniden tanımlama ve bu minvalde inceleme imkanı sunduğunu savunmaktadır.
From Lawn Tennis to Eugenics: A History of Women and Sneakers
Authors: Semmelhack Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Since the invention of sneakers in the middle of the nineteenth century, women have been significant in both their production and consumption. 1 Despite this long history, women's relationship with sneakers has been complicated by larger issues ranging from dissonance between female athleticism and ideals of female desirability to issues of exclusion related to the overt hyper-masculinity embedded in modern sneaker culture. This article will focus on the sociological forces at play in the relationship between women and sneakers, predominantly in the United States and Britain, from the popularization of lawn tennis in the 1870s through to the start of the Second World War, a period in which exercise, morality and ideal femininity became redefined through the lens of ‘fitness’, by which was often meant preparedness for motherhood or attractiveness to men.
The Legacy of Reid's Common Sense in Analytic Epistemology
Authors: Boespflug Mark
Published: March 2019

The common sense that heavily informs the epistemology of Thomas Reid has been recently hailed as instructive with regard to some of the most fundamental issues in epistemology by a burgeoning segment of analytic epistemologists. These admirers of Reid may be called dogmatists. I highlight three ways in which Reid's approach has been a model to be imitated in the estimation of dogmatists. First, common sense propositions are taken to be the benchmarks of epistemology inasmuch as they constitute paradigm cases of knowledge. Second, dogmatists follow Reid in taking common sense propositions to provide boundaries for philosophical theorizing. Inasmuch as philosophical theorizing leads one to deny a common sense proposition, such theorizing is stepping outside of the bounds of what it can or should do. Third, dogmatists follow Reid in focusing heavily on the problem of skepticism and by responding to it by refusing to answer the demand for a meta-justification that the skeptic wants.
Hume and Humanity as ‘the foundation of morals’
Authors: Pitson Tony
Published: March 2019

There is an ongoing debate as to whether there is a major difference between Hume's accounts of morality in the Treatise and the second Enquiry. This has tended to focus on the role of sympathy in each case, but more recently the greater emphasis on humanity in the Enquiry as compared with the Treatise has been used to support a non-reconciliation view of the relation between these accounts. So far as humanity's role in relation to the moral sentiments is concerned, I question whether it can provide the moral point of view associated with moral approval and disapproval. Considered as a motive to action, I question whether humanity always results in the kinds of action which would meet with general approbation. I also stress the limitations of humanity when viewed from the impartial perspective associated with the moral point of view. I further attempt to show that there is no real contradiction between Hume's claim in the Treatise that sympathy is ‘the chief source of moral distinctions’ and his claim in the Enquiry that the sentiments dependent on humanity ‘are the origin of morals’. I therefore conclude in favour of a reconciliatory view of the two accounts.
The Vicegerent of God? Adam Smith on the Authority of the Impartial Spectator
Authors: Kopajtic Lauren
Published: March 2019

It has been claimed that Adam Smith, like David Hume, has a ‘reflective endorsement’ account of the authority of morality. On such a view, our moral faculties and notions are justified insofar as they pass reflective scrutiny. But Smith's moral philosophy, unlike Hume's, is also peppered with references to God, to divine law, and to our being ‘set up’ in a specific way so as to best attain what is good and useful for us. This language suggests that there is another strategy available for accounting for the authority of morality, one that would align Smith with teleological accounts of human nature and theological accounts of morality. The authority of Smith's impartial spectator would, on such an account, be derivative – it would be derived from the supreme authority of God. Such a view poses a serious challenge for contemporary interpreters of Smith who seek to read him as an empiricist, naturalist, and sentimentalist moral philosopher. This paper examines the textual evidence for this view, focusing on the role of the explicitly religious language found in a key section of Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments. I argue that this language should neither be interpreted as merely ornamental, nor as providing a theological justification of morality. Rather, it is part of Smith's illustration of the psychological influence of religious beliefs, especially the beliefs in an all-seeing judge and in a just afterlife where all human actions will be accounted for and appropriately rewarded or punished.
Genotype X environment Interaction and Stability of Oil Content of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Baraki Fiseha , Gebremariam Gebrelibanos
Published: March 2019

The experiment for oil content analysis was conducted for two growing seasons under rainfed condition (2012-2013) in Humera and Dansha, and in a single year (2013 cropping season) in Sheraro (comprising a total of five environments). The experiment comprised of 13 sesame genotypes, laid out in a randomized complete block design of three replications with the objective of determining the magnitude of Genotype x Environment Interaction (GEI)and oil content. here was highly significant (p0.01) oil content variation based on genotypes, environments and GEI resulting 26%, 42.7 % and 30.9% of the total sum of squares for the oil content variation respectively.  The mean of the oil content was 53.9%, with genotypes G4 and G11 with the highest oil content (55.1 %) each, and G8 with the lowest oil content (51.4 %). G4 was the exceptional genotype with the highest oil content (55.1 %) and oil yield (512.9 kg/ha). Based on the Environmental Index (EI) analysis, Environments E4 and E5 were the favourable environments, while E1, E2 and E3 were unfavourable environments for sesame oil production. According to the AMMI1(Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) bi-plot, Genotypes G4, G13 and G10 with oil the content of 55.1%, 54.7 and 54.2 respectively, were stable genotypes. On the other hand, genotypes G2, G8, G9, G3 and G1 were unstable genotypes in most of the environments. The AMMI 2 bi-plot showed that, genotypes G2, G3 and G9, with long vector length, were specifically adaptable genotypes and genotypes G10, G12, G4 and G7 with shorter vector length were widely adaptable in most of the environments for their oil content. Oil content of sesame varies highly both across years and locations.
Estimation of Heterosis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits in the African Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum) Hybrids
Authors: Akinyode Esther T. , Porbeni Justina B.O. , Ojo David K , O. Pitan Olufemi O. , Olufolaji Adenike O. , Chikaleke Victor , Abdul-Rafiu Ayoola M. , Ibitoye Dorcas O.
Published: March 2019

African eggplant is an important fruit and leafy vegetable in Africa. Heterosis over mid and better parents was estimated in eight crosses of eggplant involving eight pure lines in a field experiment in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences were further subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test. The aim of this study was to identify superior hybrids that can be advanced in the eggplant breeding program for improved yield and related traits. Significant variation was observed among all traits measured for the parents and hybrids. The highest fruit number was observed in NHS10-40 and in NHS 10-71 x NHS 10-40 among the parents and hybrids respectively. The highest heterosis was recorded in the cross between NHS10-71 x NHS10-40.
Based on Work Value to Discuss the Effect of College Students’ Corporate Internship on the Employability
Authors: WANG Jianning , LEE Merissa H.
Published: March 2019

Employment in enterprises is getting flexible and international in past years. Along with the stricter employment market, the employment of college graduates is concerned. When getting into workplace, university new graduates have to face fiercely international competition and rapidly changing industrial structure; the changing employment market is also encountering strict test. Employability has been the highly emphasized issue in advanced countries that the promotion of students’ employability is listed as a major objective in the educational reform of universities, where employability is listed as a core objective. Taking college graduating students in Hebei Province as the empirical objects in this study, 297 valid copies of questionnaire are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 83%. The research results conclude 1.corporate internship would affect work value, 2.corporate internship would influence employability, 3.work value presents significantly positive effects on attitude and ability in employability, 4.work value shows remarkably positive effects on planning and learning in employability, and 5.work value reveals notably positive effects on knowledge application in employability. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to enhance college students’ employment after the graduation and assist in the lifelong employability.
The Impacts of Supplier-Base Concentration on Bullwhip Effect: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: HU Yize
Published: March 2019

This paper empirically tests the influence of supplier-base concentration on the size of the bullwhip effect of enterprises. The study quantifies bullwhip effect of the enterprise by the ratio of fluctuations in production and the fluctuations in demand in each of the four quarters of each year. The study found that about half of the listed manufacturers in China have a bullwhip effect, and the size of the bullwhip effect of the enterprise is very heterogeneous. Empirical analysis found that after controlling the quarterly ratio of demand, the persistence of demand shock, the number of days of inventory holding, the gross profit margin, the size of the enterprise, and the lead time, the concentration of suppliers was significantly negatively correlated with the size of the bullwhip effect. This shows that the more concentrated the supplier of the enterprise, the closer the company and the supplier are in information sharing and production cooperation, and the shorter the company will be from receiving the order to delivering the goods to the customer. The rapid response of the company to customer demand reduces the distortion of demand and therefore reduces the bullwhip effect.
Duopoly, Optimal Proportion of State-Owned Shares and International Cross-Ownership
Authors: CHEN Junlong , TANG Hao , LIU Jiali
Published: March 2019

This paper constructs a duopoly model to study the optimal international cross-ownership and state-owned shares proportion when domestic state-owned enterprise competes with foreign-funded enterprise in home market or against local enterprise in foreign market under Cournot competition. The results indicate that whether to implement international cross-ownership or not and the proportion of state-owned depend on the implementing subject of cross-ownership, competitive environment, the efficiencies of state-owned and private capitals, and so on. The proportion of state-owned shares may influence the action of international cross-ownership in some cases. Complete nationalization is optimal choice under specified condition. These conclusions have certain significance for the formulation of privatization policies in various countries and the merger and reorganization of enterprises in the international scope.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHILLI LINES / VARIETIES TOWARDS CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH VECTOR CONTROL
Authors: Hussain Muhammad S. , Naveed Khalid , Atiq Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a serious problem for chilli production in Pakistan and India. In this study, fourteen different chilli lines / varieties were screened for their resistance/susceptibility towards ChiLCV in open field trials. Data of disease severity and disease incidence was recorded on weekly basis. Out of all varieties screened, Tatapuri Chilli and CH111 showed high susceptibility towards the chilli leaf curl disease. Talhari, CH 99, CH103, CH 106, CH107, CH108, CH109, GSL111 showed susceptible response whereas CBS1292 showed moderately susceptible response towards the disease. Only two cultivars Hybrid-46 and Hot Queen were found as moderately resistant. The screening experiment showed that most of the chilli varieties are susceptible to chilli leaf curl disease and resistance is lacking in local germplasm. Furthermore, three insecticides: Imidacloprid, Polo and Emamectin were tested for their efficacy for the management of disease and whitefly vector in field conditions at weekly intervals. Out of three insecticides, Polo gave best results as compared to Emamectin and Imidacloprid against chilli leaf curl disease and whitefly vector.
FIRST REPORT OF BACTERIAL HEAD ROT DISEASE CAUSED BYPECTOBACTERIUM ATROSEPTICUM ON SUNFLOWER IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Asad Shahzad , Munir Anjum , Khan Ayub , Ahmad Ishaq , Arshad Muhammad
Published: March 2019

is an important oil seed crop in Pakistan. During a field visit at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan bacterial head rot disease caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum (formly Erwinaia caratovora subsp. atroseptica) has been observed on both local and exotic hybrids of Sunflower crop. Pathogenicity test has been carried out to fulfill Koch’s postulates. White and creamy colony growth was observed upon isolation and purification of the bacteria. Biochemical tests were conducted at Crop Diseases Research Institute (CDRI), NARC, Islamabad. Pathogenicity test has confirmed the presence of Pectobacterium atrosepticum on sunflower. This is first report documented this pathogen on sunflower crop in Pakistan.
VARIETAL RESPONSE OF BITTER GOURD GERMPLASM AGAINST MYROTHECIUM RORIDUM TODE EX. FR. CAUSING MYROTHECIUM LEAF SPOT DISEASE AND ITS CHEMOSYNTHETIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sajjad Hasnain , Iqbal Muhammad , Rehman Abdul , Alam Muhammad W. , Mehbob Saira , Idrees Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The fungus Myrothecium roridum is the chief hazard to crops including cucurbits inhabit in soil as saprophyte, on diseased plant debris and also as facultative parasite on vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. Keeping in view the damage caused by M. roridum to bitter gourd, screening of nine bitter gourd varieties (BG34F1, Manika 7004, CBT 36, BSS 616, KHBG 037, Leena 7005, Raja, Tipu and CO2NO3) was done in Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad under field conditions. All the varieties showed moderately susceptible to highly susceptible reaction ranging between 25-75% infections on leaves. Significant disease severity was recorded in the genotype Tipu while the lowest disease severity was recorded in the genotype BG34F1. Maximum numbers of flowers were recorded in the variety Tipu (24.33) followed by Raja (17.33) and CO2NO3 (15.33). Maximum number of fruits were recorded in the variety Tipu (40.00) followed by BSS 616 (11.00) and CO2NO3 (10.33). M. roridum from the diseased samples was isolated and identified morphologically as white cylindrical conidia with rounded ends under the microscope. In vitro management of the fungus M. roridum was done with fungicides having novel mode of action including Antracol® (Propineb), Cabrio Top® (Pyraclostrobin + Metriam Complex), Nativo®(Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin), Topsin M® (Thiophenate Methyl) and Score® (Difenoconazole) at concentrations of 50,100,150,200,250 µg/mL to inhibit the mycelial growth. Among all the fungicides tested, Score significantly reduced the mycelial growth of M. roridum with a value of 49% decrease over control followed by Nativo and Topsin M with a value of 48% and 47% respectively. Antracol was found to be the least effective in reducing the mycelial growth of M. roridm with a value of 22% decrease over control.
POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA A NEW HOST RECORD OF NIGROSPORA SPHAERICA CAUSING LEAF BLIGHT IN PAKISTAN AND EFFICACY DETERMINATION OF VARIOUS FUNGICIDES AGAINST THIS PATHOGEN
Authors: Haq Imran Ul. , Shoaib Muhammad , Ijaz Siddra , Ijaz Siddra , Akhtar Khalid P. , Akhtar Khalid P. , Khan Sajid A. , Khan Sajid A. , Khan Nabeeha A. , Khan Nabeeha A.
Published: March 2019

Severe leaf and stem necrosis of Polyalthia longifolia (Ulta-Ashoka) was observed in Pakistan during summer 2012. Symptoms on leaves were initiated with drying followed by whole leaf and plant drying. The casual pathogen was identified as Nigrospora sphaerica based on cultural characteristics and conidial morphology. Its pathogenicity was proven on healthy P. longifolia plants. This is the first report of Nigrospora sphaerica causing leaf blight on P. longifolia in Pakistan. Furthermore for the selection of most effective fungicide that can be used for the chemical management of the disease under field conditions three fungicides viz., Antracol (ChlorotHalonil), Halonil (Propineb) and Aerosil (Thiophenate methyl) were evaluated against mycelia growth of Nigrospora sphaerica under controlled conditions . Two concentrations were used for every fungicide as it was 500 and 1000 ppm. It was concluded from the results obtained that Halonil was found to be effective fungicide by reducing the mycelia growth of Nigrospora sphaerica by 78.4%. followed by Antracol and Aerosol respectively.
SCREENING OF SUGARCANE CULTIVARS AGAINST COLLETOTRICHUM FALCATUM CAUSING RED ROT DISEASE AND ITS CONTROL WITH DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Ghazanfar Muhammad U. , Raza Waqas , Gondal Sharjeel K.
Published: March 2019

Ten sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars were screened against red rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum under laboratory conditions by artificial inoculation technique. These cultivars were graded under various levels of resistance as well as susceptibility using a standard disease rating scale. Two cultivars i.e. NSG-59 and SPF-244 showed resistant reaction to red rot of sugarcane. Three cultivars i.e. CPF-246, CPF-247 and BF-138 showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction against red rot. Remaining five cultivars showed moderate, susceptible to highly susceptible reaction. The results of in vitro evaluation of seven fungicides at four concentrations (10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm) showed that all tested fungicides with all concentrations significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen as compared with control. However, the inhibition percentage was increased by increasing the concentrations of tested fungicides. Among fungicides Tilt proved the most effective fungicide by inhibiting linear mycelial growth at all concentrations against of C. falcatum followed Nativo while Metaxyl&Mencozeb was the least effective in terms of retarding fungal growth. The findings of the present study suggested that resistant cultivars may be utilized as a source of resistance and may be more useful as donors in breeding programme aimed at red rot disease resistance and the growth of the pathogen is effected by different concentrations of fungicides may play an important role to manage this disease.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CHILLI LEAF CURL DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILLI AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Naveed Khalid , Hussain Muhammad S.
Published: March 2019

Leaf curl disease in chilli is an important yield constraint in chilli production in Pakistan and India. In this study, four chilli lines / varieties were grown under field conditions and development of disease on each variety was studied in relation to environmental factors. Effect of environmental factors including maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on whitefly population and chilli leaf curl disease development was investigated throughout the crop growth period. Increase in maximum and minimum temperature resulted in increase in whitefly population. However, temperature was negatively correlated with disease development. Rainfall had a negative effect on whitefly population whereas it was positively correlated with disease development. Relative humidity was positively correlated with disease development whereas whitefly population was reduced due to increase in relative humidity. Extracts of neem, eucalyptus and akk were used for the management of disease at 1%, 2% and 5% concentrations which were found effective in disease management.
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS LINES OF WHEAT AND EPIDEMIOLOGY AGAINST LOOSE SMUT (USTILAGO TRITICI)
Authors: Rehman Ateeq ur , Naqvi Syed A.H , Umar Ummad U.D. , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: March 2019

Fungal diseases pose a potential threat to successful cereal production in wheat particularly in Pakistan. Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici is an important disease of wheat. During the current research various lines of wheat were screened against the deadly disease, results showed no line was resistant against the disease in the wheat genetic resources, mostly varieties showed susceptible to highly susceptible response. All the environmental variables were found conducive for the development of the disease. The disease is a serious concern for wheat production and potential breeding programs are the need of time to cater the losses due to this disease.