bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating and evaluating corpus-informed word lists for adolescent, beginner-to-low-intermediate learners of French, German, and Spanish
Authors: Finlayson Natalie , Marsden Emma , Hawkes Rachel
Published: December 2024

This study explores some of the implications of policy changes relating to the composition and use of word lists for French, German, and Spanish as foreign languages in secondary schools in England. Against the backdrop of literature relating to word list creation and use, we review requirements for the vocabulary content of high-stakes examinations in these languages under current and new policy, and describe the methodological steps we took in collaboration with teachers and members of an awarding organization to create corpus-informed lists for adolescent, beginner-to-low-intermediate learners based on frequency, word-topic relatedness, and teacher judgments of usefulness, relevance and difficulty. Under current policy, awarding organizations provide educators with non-mandatory, topic-driven word lists structured around pre-determined themes. We analyse the content of lists compiled using each approach (corpus-informed or topic-driven) and examine their lexical coverage of four corpora designed to represent potential learning goals of adolescents: passing exams, further study, reading and discussing young adult literature, and engaging with web content. Despite being 36%–44% (foundation tier) and 11%–21% (higher tier) shorter, the new lists cover an average 11% (foundation tier) and 18% (higher tier) more of every corpus. Our further analyses suggest that these stark results can be attributed to (1) the nature of the content (rather than function) words, (2) negligible coverage benefits from multiword phrases on the current lists, and (3) a more balanced part-of-speech distribution in the new lists. Some of our methods were used by awarding organizations in England to develop accredited lists for the new examinations. Those lists share large numbers of lexical items with the lists reported here, suggesting that our findings have immediate implications for secondary school foreign language education in England. More generally, we demonstrate a replicable approach to developing short lists with high coverage, suggest some pedagogical applications, and discuss how our methods could be adapted for other contexts.
Beyond pleasantries: University teachers’ responses to students’ favor-asking in asynchronous online communication
Authors: Morady Moghaddam Mostafa , Murray Neil
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the intricate dynamics of student–faculty interactions in asynchronous online communication, focusing in particular on professors’ responses to non-native English-speaking students’ (NNSs’) favor-asking during online exchanges. Through qualitative analysis of email exchanges, this research examines how students articulate their concerns and requests for grade reassessment, and how professors respond to such instances of favor-asking. This study indicates that politeness is a more critical issue in asynchronous email communication than whe face-to-face interactions. The findings reveal that students often challenge professors’ authority by questioning assessment fairness, whereas professors employ disaffiliative strategies to maintain academic rigor and uphold their authority. This study highlights the role of cultural norms and politeness strategies in shaping these interactions, suggesting that a lack of awareness regarding these norms can lead to misunderstanding and escalate tensions. Furthermore, this research underscores the necessity of teaching pragmatic communication skills to non-native speakers to enhance their engagement and effectiveness in academic discourse. This study illuminates the complexities of these exchanges, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by both students and faculty in the context of assessment and communication in higher education.
Initial stress-based residual stress and distortion computation for part scale laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Khan Kajal , De Amitava
Published: December 2024

Prior estimation of residual stress and distortion for part scale laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a tedious task but is required to avoid build failures and improve manufacturing yield. A novel approach is presented here to enable numerical modeling of part scale stress with peak longitudinal and transverse residual stress for a deposited layer as initial stress, which are obtained from back-of-the-envelope functional relations. The numerically computed results of residual stress and distortion are tested rigorously with the corresponding experimentally measured results from literature for part scale LPBF of common powder alloys. The proposed approach depicts a substantive tool for full field residual stress and distortion estimation in part scale quickly and reliably with practical computational resource.
Connection, hope, and reciprocal valuation: Experiences of participating in the peer-led course “Recovery is up to you”
Authors: Kvia Aasa , Selbekk Anne Schanche , Sagvaag Hildegunn
Published: December 2024

Aim: Peer support is a recommended approach within mental health and substance use policy and practice. The aim of this study is to explore how the peer-led, manual-based course, “Recovery is up to you,” developed in the Netherlands, is experienced in a Norwegian context. Method: Qualitative semi-structured individual and group interviews involving eight-course attendees and 12 course leaders, recruited from two community services where the course was implemented. The interviews were analyzed using Tjora's stepwise deductive induction. Prilleltensky's mattering theory was used in the analysis of the results. Results: Both course attendees and leaders described the course as helpful, emphasizing the potential in sharing with equals through fellowship with like-minded people and in this the ability to process shame and access hope. Furthermore, study participants expressed that the course functions as a step in the process to recovery by rebuilding that framework and preparing for life beyond the course, and where the role of course leaders for some of the study participants represented one such step . Using Prilleltensky's concept of mattering, we interpret the participants’ experiences of the course as promoting recovery through the processes of feeling valued and adding value, facilitating a “we-culture” that initiates processes regarding the self, relationships, work, and community. Conclusions: “Recovery is up to you” appears to be a relevant and accessible intervention to facilitate recovery processes, and a good method for utilizing peer competence. More research is needed on the utilization of the course in other settings.
Vicarious Trauma via the Observation of Extremist Atrocities: A Rapid Evidence Assessment.
Authors: Shortland Neil , Crayne Matthew P. , Mezzapelle Jennifer L.
Published: December 2024

Researchers are increasingly conducting research using primary source data involving observation of, and exposure to, violent extremist individuals, their acts, their online content, and the ideologies that they act in support of. Of concern is that this increased use of primary source material has not occurred alongside a serious investigation of the traumatic outcomes that may result from constant exposure to such materials within the process of conducting academic research. As such, the goal of this review is to conduct a rapid evidence assessment to identify (a) What theories currently exist that conceptualize trauma stemming from vicarious observation of extremist atrocities? (b) In what similar domains (if any) have researchers conceptualized the trauma that stems from vicarious observation of extremist atrocities? (c) What is the current evidence base for these theories? And (d) What are the immediate research needs to extend this research and support the research workforce? Articles were identified using search strings related to types of trauma, and relevant domains of work (e.g., criminal justice, healthcare, national security, content moderation). In total 34 articles were screened and assessed in full. The work domains of these articles ranged from drone warfare to digital forensics and interrogation interpreters. Overall, exposure to traumatic images, videos, and events is associated with burnout, secondary traumatic stress, turnover intentions, and a host of wider negative psychosocial outcomes. Furthermore, this process is impacted by several factors including the nature of the content, the wider organizational culture, and individual differences.
require: Package dependencies for reproducible research
Authors: Correia Sergio , Seay Matthew P.
Published: December 2024

The ability to conduct reproducible research in Stata is often limited by the lack of version control for community-contributed packages. In this article, we introduce the require command, a tool designed to ensure package dependencies are compatible across users and computer systems. Given a list of packages, require verifies that each package is installed, checks for a minimum or exact version or package release date, and optionally installs the package if prompted by the researcher.
Estimating treatment effects when program participation is misreported
Authors: Baum Christopher F. , Tommasi Denni , Zhang Lina
Published: December 2024

Instrumental variables are commonly used to estimate treatment effects in cases of imperfect compliance. However, if participation in the program is misreported, standard techniques can yield severely biased results. We present a new command, ivreg2m, that implements the mismeasured robust local average treatment-effect estimator developed by Calvi, Lewbel, and Tommasi (2022, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 40: 1701–1717) and Tommasi and Zhang (2024b, Journal of Applied Econometrics, https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3079 ), to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effect of a program in the presence of treatment noncompliance and misreporting. The ivreg2m command can be used as the preferred strategy in cases of exogenous (nondifferential) misclassification.
Outlier detection for inequality and poverty analysis
Authors: Belotti Federico , Mancini Giulia , Vecchi Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Extreme values are common in survey data and represent a recurring threat to the reliability of both poverty and inequality estimates. The adoption of a consistent criterion for outlier detection is useful in many practical applications, particularly when international and intertemporal comparisons are involved. In this article, we discuss a simple univariate detection procedure to flag outliers. We present outdetect, a command that implements the procedure and provides useful diagnostic tools. The output of outdetect compares statistics obtained before and after the exclusion of outliers, with a focus on inequality and poverty measures. Finally, we carry out an extensive sensitivity exercise where the same outlier detection method is applied consistently to per capita expenditure across more than 30 household budget surveys. The results are clear and provide a sense of the influence of extreme values on poverty and inequality estimates.
Speaking Stata: Getting by without the by() option: Some graphics for unequal groups
Authors: Cox Nicholas J.
Published: December 2024

The by() option of the graph command is often used to show groups or subsets of some data in separate panels or facets of a graphical display. If groups are unequal in size, the result may seem awkward or inefficient in use of space. Devices to allow such groups to be shown directly without using a by() option are explained and exemplified for graph dot and its siblings and for graph twoway.

New variables to show rank within groups and (if needed) separation of groups are easily constructed. Group summaries such as medians may easily be added. Graph types shown are dot charts, quantile plots, and displays using spikes to show differences between variables. Data examples are for ocean salinity and changes in weight of anorexic girls.
Intuition in Occupational Therapists’ Clinical Reasoning: A Scoping Review
Authors: P Vermeulen , P Lavoie , E Moreau , A Rochette
Published: December 2024

This scoping review aimed to map the various facets of intuition in occupational therapy (OT), from its definitions, theoretical frameworks, epistemological paradigms to practical applications, highlighting its role in decision-making. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a systematic search of five databases from 1990 to August 2023 identified 337 records related to OT and intuition. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 22 studies were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the title/abstract and full-text screening. Thematic analysis synthesized descriptions of intuitive reasoning, and the studies’ epistemologies were interpreted based on stated methodologies and knowledge conceptions. Key themes depicted OT’s intuition as personalized knowledge developed through practice. Constructivist paradigms recognizing subjective meaning-making predominated (63.6%), while postpositivists related to self-reported intuition to decision outcomes quantitatively (22.7%). Despite increasing interdisciplinary attention, occupational therapists’ intuition remains understudied. Integrating analytical and intuitive practice through reflection is crucial for client-centered expertise.
The middle meningeal artery Patency After Coil Embolization (PACE) score: A novel descriptor of angiographic occlusion
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas S. , Sindewald Ryan W. , Brandel Michael G. , Wali Arvin R. , Murthy Nikhil K. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Pannell Jeffrey S. , Khalessi Alexander A. , Santiago-Dieppa David R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

A scoring system to characterize the efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is lacking and would help predict the likelihood of subdural hematoma resolution.

Methods

We developed a simple angiographic classification system ranging from 0 to 3 for quantifying MMA Patency After Coil Embolization (PACE) based residual flow distal to the embolization. MMA embolizations using coils at our institution were used to validate the PACE score system using procedural angiograms. Follow-up CT scans following embolization were reviewed for acute blood products, and to characterize long-term resolution.

Results

60 patients were included in the study, with a total of 80 subdural hematomas with follow-up imaging that were available for analysis. 37 patients had a PACE score of 0, 18 had a PACE score of 1, 4 had a PACE score of 2, and 1 had a PACE score of 3. The presence of acute blood products was significantly lower in PACE 0 compared to PACE 1, 2, or 3. The cross-sectional area of the chronic subdural collections was statistically lower on follow-up CT scans after coil embolization.

Conclusions

Coil embolization of the MMA may reduce the incidence of acute blood products after embolization and decrease the cross-sectional area of chronic subdural hematoma on long-term follow-up. Lower PACE scores may correlate with lower rates of acute blood products after the procedure and increased resolution of chronic subdural hematoma on follow-up. A larger cohort is required to characterize the superiority between the PACE scores.
Coherent systems with components subject to additive or multiplicative degradation models
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Asadi Majid
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to develop a general framework to use degradation models in the reliability assessments of coherent systems. In the first part of the paper, we prove that if the components of a system are subject to a degradation model, then the same holds for the system. This fact is used to study the preservation results of some aging classes and stochastic orders in systems under degradation models. In the second part, we give a survival signature-based representation of the system’s reliability under the condition that the components of the system deteriorate under a linear degradation model. We then use this representation of the system’s reliability to propose optimal preventive maintenance for coherent systems whose components are under a linear degradation model.
“Three-in-One Wonder”: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Modified Robotic-Assisted Transoral Thyroidectomy
Authors: Wen Xiaoyong , Zhou Shiwei , Wu Peng , Li Wu , Li Hui , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Lu , Li Jigang , Peng Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Importance

With advancements in robotic surgery, robotic-assisted thyroidectomy is gaining popularity. The introduction of the 3-port transoral robotic thyroidectomy (T-TORT) offers an alternative approach with potential benefits in postoperative recovery compared to traditional methods.

Objective

To assess the safety and feasibility of T-TORT in comparison to the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Design

A retrospective cohort study with 1:1 propensity score matching was conducted to compare perioperative outcomes between T-TORT and TOETVA. The learning curve was analyzed using cumulative summation (CUSUM).

Setting

Tertiary A hospital.

Participants

One hundred sixty-two patients who underwent either T-TORT or TOETVA were included.

Intervention or Exposures

The T-TORT group underwent three-port robotic thyroidectomy, while the TOETVA group received standard transoral vestibular endoscopic thyroidectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Demographics and perioperative data were compared. The learning curve was evaluated using CUSUM.

Results

Compared with the TOETVA group the operation time in minutes of the T-TORT group was relatively longer (136.14 ± 36.52 vs 122.49 ± 34.85, P = .012), the postoperative stay, in days, was shorter (2.77 ± 0.78 vs 3.51 ± 0.95, P < .001), the drainage volume on a postoperative day 1 (POD1) and POD2, in milliliter, was less (POD1 56.57 ± 23.29 vs 65.12 ± 26.04, P = .029 and POD2 27.43 ± 25.29 vs 38.21 ± 25.09, P = .008). The other statistics, including bleeding amount, retrieved and metastatic central lymph nodes, visual analog scale score, and drainage volume on an operative day were comparable between the 2 groups. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative complication rates. The turning point of the learning curve was in the 16th case with a hemithyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND) and the 21st case with a bilateral thyroidectomy with CND.

Conclusions and Relevance

T-TORT is a safe and feasible option with enhanced postoperative recovery compared to TOETVA. It may be a preferable choice in specific clinical situations.

Trial Registration

This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (UIN: ChiCTR2300069021, https://www.chictr.org.cn ) in accordance with the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, 2013.
Effects of Tangduqing Granules on Insulin Resistance and Their Association with AhR and PPARs Regulation in Type 2 Diabetic Rats Exposed to Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Zhang Lu , Guo Shengnan , Gao Yue , Jiang Murong , Liu Qiumei , Yang Wenli , Liu Yao , Qian Rui , Wu Shentao , Liu Hongyi
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Tang Du Qing granules, a traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes, may alleviate insulin resistance induced by persistent organic pollutant exposure. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which Tang Du Qing granules improve insulin resistance in rats exposed to PCB126.

Methods

Male ZDF (fa/fa) rats were divided into a PCB126-exposed group and a model control group. Male ZDF (fa/+) rats served as the normal control group. Normal controls received a regular diet with olive oil via gavage, while the model control group received special feed with olive oil. PCB126 group received special feed with PCB126 in olive oil for 8 weeks. Post-exposure, the positive drug treatment group received CH223191, and Tang Du Qing granules were administered at high, medium, and low doses for 4 weeks. Relevant biochemical indicators and molecular signaling changes were assessed.

Results

PCB126 exposure increased levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR and elevated serum TG, TC, and FFA in ZDF (fa/fa) rats compared to the model control group ( P < .05). The Tang Du Qing-treated group showed decreased FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR levels, and reduced serum TC, TG, and FFA compared to PCB126-exposed control group ( P < .05). Additionally, the Tang Du Qing-treated group downregulated hepatic AhR, CD36, and TNFα expression, while upregulating PPARα, PPARγ, GLUT4, and FGF21 expression ( P < .05).

Conclusion

Tang Du Qing granules ameliorate glucose and lipid toxicity and insulin resistance induced by PCB126 exposure in ZDF (fa/fa) rats by modulating the imbalance between AhR and PPARs and related molecular signals.
Association between atherosclerosis and the development of multi-organ pathologies
Authors: Dabravolski Siarhei A , Churov Alexey V , Elizova Natalia V , Ravani Alessio L , Karimova Amina E , Sukhorukov Vasily N , Orekhov Alexander N
Published: December 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the vascular system, characterised by the accumulation of modified lipoproteins, immune cell aggregation and the development of fibrous tissue within blood vessel walls. As atherosclerosis impacts blood vessels, its adverse effects may manifest across various tissues and organs. In this review, we examine the association of atherosclerosis with Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, pancreatic and thyroid dysfunction, kidney stones and chronic kidney diseases. In several cases, the reciprocal causative effect of these diseases on the progression of atherosclerosis is also discussed. Particular attention is given to common risk factors, biomarkers and identified molecular mechanisms linking the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis to the dysfunction of multiple tissues and organs. Understanding the role of atherosclerosis and its associated microenvironmental conditions in the pathology of multi-organ disorders may unveil novel therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and associated diseases.
Two cases of childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis following multivisceral transplant: A case report
Authors: Yu Adam C , Chan Airiss R , Wong Kerry , Walker Kirsten , Fiorillo Loretta
Published: December 2024

Childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis is a well-recognized autoimmune blistering dermatosis that can be idiopathic, drug-induced, secondary to autoimmune diseases, malignancies, infections, or gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. However, it has not been previously associated with a history of organ transplantation. Here, we report two cases of childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis in young infants following multivisceral organ transplant, including one with a particularly recalcitrant course. We propose potential mechanisms contributing to the development of linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis and challenges in the management of these patients in light of their complex medical histories and immunosuppression.
Validating Classrooms: Teaching Strategies to Advance Equity in Developmental Education
Authors: Hernández Susana H. , McKinney Lyle , Burridge Andrea , O’Brien Catherine
Published: December 2024

Research on developmental education reform has given surprisingly limited attention to what happens inside the classroom between faculty and students. Our qualitative study used interview data from 20 faculty and 20 students in corequisite math and English courses at one of the nation’s largest and most racially diverse community college systems. Specifically, we used validation theory to examine faculty teaching strategies and support structures that may increase academic success among corequisite students. Our findings demonstrate that the most effective faculty, who often had course pass rates 20% above the institutional average, created validating learning environments that addressed students’ academic and interpersonal needs. We provide recommendations for expanding the use of validating teaching and learning practices in corequisite-developmental education courses to ensure more equitable student outcomes.
A Novel Simulation Model and Training Program for Minimally Invasive Surgery of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Morales Sergio , Lam Peter , Amy Cerrato Rebecca , Mococain Pablo , Ruz Cristian , Filippi Jorge , Villa Andrés , Varas Julián
Published: December 2024

Category:

Bunion

Introduction/Purpose:

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) for Hallux Valgus (HV) has become popular with similar results as open surgery with added benefits such as lower post-operative opioid use and improved cosmesis. However, adopting this technique faces challenges due to a pronounced learning curve. This study aims to address these challenges by developing and validating an innovative simulation model and training program, targeting enhanced proficiency in HV MIS.

Methods:

A training program and a simulation model for HV MIS were designed based on recommendations from three experts. The phantoms were created using computed tomography scans of a patient with mild HV deformity, with iterative refinement through 3D printing and testing. Four experts performed a satisfaction survey of the phantoms. Participants, categorized into two groups based on MIS experience, underwent blind assessments. Evaluation parameters, including Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), surgical time, and X-ray usage. Four orthopedic surgeons without MIS experience took the program that encompassed six-session instructional lessons, hands-on practice on simulated models, and immediate feedback. The program concluded with a cadaveric surgery and a program evaluation survey. Four foot and ankle surgeons with vast experience performed the same procedure with one simulated model in order to compare the two groups' initial performance.The desired performance for novices was set at 80% of experts' performance for OSATS score.

Results:

Expert evaluation of the phantoms indicated high satisfaction with anatomical representation, handling properties, and utility as a training tool. The expert group consistently outperformed novices at the initial assessment across all outcomes, demonstrating OSATS scores of 24 points (range 23-25) vs. 15.5 (range 12-17) (p=.01), median surgical times of 22.75 minutes (range 12-27) vs. 48.75 minutes (38-60) (p=.02), and median X-ray usage of 70 (range 53-102) vs. 232.5 (range 112-280) (p=.02). Novices exhibited a significant improvement in OSATS scores from the fifth session onward (p = .01), reaching the desired performance of 20 points. Performance at the final training with the phantom did not differ from cadaveric surgery outcomes for all parameters. All trained novices expressed high satisfaction regarding the training program and reported that this program effectively enhanced their surgical skills and confidence.

Conclusion:

This study validated a simulation phantom model and training program, allowing non-experienced HV MIS orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons to enhance their surgical proficiency and effectively complete a substantial portion of the learning curve at the fifth session, and this performance was successfully transferred to a cadaveric model. [Figure: see text]
Acute Complications and Safety Analysis of In-Hospital vs In-Office Based Flexor Tenotomy Procedure for the Treatment of Forefoot Deformity
Authors: Gauthier Chase , Bakaes Yianni , Gonzalez Tyler , Jackson J. Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Category:

Lesser Toes; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

A Flexor Tenotomy (FT) is a procedure that can be performed in a minimally invasive fashion for the treatment of a symptomatic flexible hammertoe or diabetic ulcers on the tip of the toe or dorsally over the PIP joint. Today, there is conflicting data regarding its complication rate and limited data for patient-reported outcomes following the procedure. Additionally, the safety of this procedure has not been rigorously studied in the in-hospital vs the in-office location of service. Our study looks to evaluate the rate of acute complications, recurrences, revisions, and patient-reported outcomes for both in-hospital and in-office FT procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted for patients who had undergone FT procedure at Prisma Health – Midlands between February 1st, 2021, and April 31st, 2023. Data collected included demographic data, complications, revision rates, hospital readmission, and PROMIS scores preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Rates of complications, revisions, readmissions, and differences between preoperative and postoperative PROMIS scores were calculated and compared between in-hospital and in-office clinical settings.

Results:

A total of 130 patients were evaluated. There was found to be no significant difference in the rate of complications, revisions, or readmission between the in-hospital and in-office groups (P=0.277, 0.327, 0.837, respectively). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in Pain Interference PROMIS scores at 3 and 6 months in the in-patient group and a significant increase in Physical Function PROMIS scores at 3 months in the in-office group (P=0.001, 0.028, 0.041, respectively). Finally, there was no significant difference in the change of PI, PF, or mobility PROMIS scores between the in-hospital and in-office groups at 3 (P=0.194, 0.379, 0.734, respectively) or 6 months postoperatively (P=0.364, 0.598, 0.25).

Conclusion:

We found similar rates of complications, revision procedures, readmissions, and change in patient-reported outcomes between FT performed in either an in-hospital or in-office setting. These findings suggest that FT is a safe and effective procedure, regardless of the clinical setting in which it is performed.
Evaluating Morphology of the Peritalar Joints Using Surface Mapping Based 3D Remodeling Technique: A Large Sample Sized Cadaveric Study
Authors: Wallace Conor , Zhu Mingjie , Nocek Michael , Huang Jingdian , Nolte Charles , Wittels Stephen , Alder Catherine , Challapalli Ariyani , Baldini Todd , Orr Caley M. , Myerson Mark , Li Shuyuan
Published: December 2024

Category:

Hindfoot; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Recent studies have highlighted the important role of peritalar joint congruence in maintaining the alignment of the hindfoot. Peritalar subluxation is associated with a variety of pathological deformities including flatfoot, cavovarus foot, clubfoot, as well as foot and ankle stress fractures. To date, studies of peritalar joint congruence have all been performed using either XR, WBCT based direct measurements, or 3D segmentation and analysis. However, none of these techniques can demonstrate the cartilage location nor disruption, nor the exact location of the articulation on the bone surface. Data bias caused by the limitations of these study methodologies is therefore inevitable. This study used 3D surface mapping to assess morphometrics of the cartilage surfaces of the peritalar joints.

Methods:

18 fresh-frozen cadaveric feet without trauma nor surgery or significant deformities were dissected to expose the calcaneus, cuboid, talus, navicular bones, and their articular surfaces. Surface mapping of the articular surfaces and bones was completed using an Artec Spider 3D Scanner. Further digital analysis was completed using GeoMagic Studio 10 and Materialise Mimics 22. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SAS software. Paired T-test was used to compare the size of articular surfaces in each joint. Statistical significance level was set to P < .05.

Results:

Detailed information of the articular surfaces is summarized in Table 1. The average articular area on both sides of the joint matched each other well in the posterior facets of the subtalar joint (5% difference), and calcaneocuboid joint (6% difference) without significant statistical difference, but not in the anterior & middle facets of the subtalar joint, nor the talonavicular joint. In the anterior & middle facets of the subtalar joint, the cartilage articular area on the talus side was 121% of that on the calcaneus mostly due to the difference between middle facet (p < 0.05); and in the talonavicular joint the cartilage articular area on the navicular was 144% of that on the talus (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The cartilage articular surfaces in certain peritalar joints do not match its opposing surface in size. In the talonavicular joint, it is easy to understand since area of the socket must be much smaller than that of the ball in order for the joint to glide and rotate. There must be functional reasons for this phenomenon to happen in the anterior and middle facets of the subtalar joint, which need further investigation. This study shows that the extent of subluxation of the peritalar joints may be physiological and should not necessarily be considered as pathological.
Evaluation of the Impact of Tibiotalar Fusion and Total Ankle Arthroplasty on Simulated Driving
Authors: Bedard Alexandre , Desautels Éric , Gagnon Guillaume , Angers Magalie , Bedard Sonia , Cabana François , Hamel Mathieu , Lebel Karina , Champagne Philippe-Hugo
Published: December 2024

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Tibiotalar Fusion (TF) and total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) are both viable choices for addressing tibiotalar osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, a definitive agreement on the most effective approach to restore optimal function, particularly in terms of safe emergency braking during car driving, is yet to be established. The primary aim of this investigation was to evaluate the break reaction time (BRT), total braking time (TBT), and maximal braking force (MBF) in individuals who underwent TF and TAA using a validated driving simulator. Secondary outcomes encompassed patient-reported measures of pain and functional outcomes.

Methods:

This observational study assesses the emergency braking capabilities of individuals undergoing either total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) or tibiotalar fusion (TF) in simulated driving scenarios. The participants were categorized into three groups: 1) TAA, 2) TF, and 3) Healthy Elderly (HE) aged 75 years and older, deemed still fit for driving. To be eligible for evaluation on the driving simulator, patients in the TAA and TF groups were required to have a minimum of a 1-year follow-up. Break reaction time (BRT), total braking time (TBT), and maximal braking force (MBF) were recorded with and without distraction during a single visit to the research center. Additionally, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) results were collected for all participants in TF and TAA.

Results:

This study, conducted between 2018 and 2022, included a total of 84 participants, with 21 TF, 21 TAA, and the remaining 42 serving as healthy elderly controls (HE). There was no significant difference between the TF and TAA groups with respect to MBF (p=0.4921), BRT (p=0.8734) or TBT (p= 0.7989). The TAA group and the TF group were significantly faster than the HE regarding TBT with a distraction (p=0.0463 and p=0.0049 respectively). The AOS score was significantly better in the TAA group compared to the TF group (p=0.002).

Conclusion:

The emergency braking capacity in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) patients is not inferior to that in tibiotalar fusion (TF) patients. Both groups also performed better than elderly drivers meeting a minimally acceptable braking safety threshold. Thus, both treatment options appear to have a similar impact on braking capacity.
Excellent Outcomes Following the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Plantar Plate Injuries: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Samsonov Alan P. , Butler James J. , Kennedy John G.
Published: December 2024

Category:

Midfoot/Forefoot; Sports

Introduction/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes following the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for Plantar Plate Injuries.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review identified 13 patients who underwent a PRP injection for the treatment of plantar plate injuries. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained and the grade of the plantar plate injury was recorded. Clinical outcomes assessed included: pre- and post-operative foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), visual analog scale (VAS), complications, failures, secondary surgical procedures, and return to sport data.

Results:

Thirteen patients with a mean follow-up time of 22.1±10.4 months were included. There were 6 patients that were grade 1, 4 patients were grade 2 and 3 patients were grade 3. There was a statistically significant improvement in both FAOS (53.1 -> 86.7) and VAS scores (4.5 -> 1.1) following injection of PRP to the plantar plate. No complications were observed. There was 1 failure, which underwent a plantar condylectomy at 8.1 weeks following PRP injection. Ten patients played sport pre-operatively, all of which (100%) returned to sport at a mean time of 5.3 weeks following PRP injection.

Conclusion:

This retrospective review demonstrated improvement clinical and functional outcomes following injection of PRP for plantar plate injuries. There was a 100% return to sport rate at a mean time of 5.3 weeks. The failure rate was 7.7%. Further comparative studies with longer follow-up are warranted to determine the precise role of PRP for the management of plantar plate injuries.
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Malik Yogender , Mattoo S. K. , Singh Parampreet , Grover Sandeep
Published: December 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in individuals with epilepsy and its impact on overall quality of life.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients diagnosed with epilepsy and 50 healthy controls were assessed on Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14) to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Epilepsy patients were additionally evaluated for psychiatric morbidity using structured diagnostic interview.

Results:

On CSFQ-14, 97.5% of epilepsy patients experienced sexual dysfunction, surpassing controls. CSFQ’s suggested cutoff norms revealed prevalence of impaired pleasure/arousal (97.5%) to be the most common dysfunction, followed by reduced desire (93.33%), orgasm dysfunction (89.16%), painful erection (61.7%), and painful orgasm (30%). Compared to healthy subjects, epilepsy patients displayed significantly higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction across all domains ( P < .001). Patients with psychiatric morbidity had significantly higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction, when compared to those without psychiatric morbidity. Overall, the presence of sexual dysfunction had a significant negative impact on the quality of life.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests a very high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in epilepsy patients and emphasizes the need for holistic care in epilepsy patients. Healthcare providers must recognize and address sexual dysfunction to enhance the overall quality of life of patients with epilepsy.
Requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide when it is illegal: a qualitative study about relatives’ experiences of patients hospitalized in French Palliative Care Units
Authors: De Cock Camille , Mathieu-Nicot Florence , Trimaille Hélène , Giffard Mathilde , Chassagne Aline
Published: December 2024

Background:

In countries where euthanasia and assisted suicide are not allowed, such as France, little is known about how a request for euthanasia and/or assisted suicide, expressed by an end-of-life patient, impacts their relatives.

Aim:

To understand the experiences of relatives of patients in the advanced stages of a serious illness, hospitalized in a Palliative Care Unit (PCU), and requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide in the French context where these practices are illegal.

Design:

We conducted a qualitative study in five French PCUs over the course of 1 year. Following the principles of grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the relatives of patients who had explicitly requested euthanasia or assisted suicide to a healthcare professional. Two interviews were scheduled: the first within 48 h of the initial request (D1), and the second one a week later (D7).

Methods:

We conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews with relatives of patients requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide, in PCUs within a specific region of France, prior to the French Claeys-Leonetti Law. A thematic analysis of the data was performed.

Results:

Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted. Five families (patients and their relatives) were included, and eight relatives were interviewed. The discussions between patients and their relatives about requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide varied significantly from one family to another. Five main themes emerged: denouncing end-of-life conditions; the desire to have a peaceful death; the different levels of support and accompaniment for the request; values in favor of euthanasia and assisted suicide; boundaries and barriers.

Conclusion:

Requests for euthanasia and/or assisted suicide are generally understood by relatives. However, receiving and discussing such requests is a challenging and emotionally demanding task, generating significant suffering. All relatives seem to experience some degree of suffering, although its expression varies greatly between individuals. We encourage healthcare professionals to identify the nature of this suffering and to invite patients and their relatives to openly discuss these issues and to proactively address the request.
Menin inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Huls Gerwin , Woolthuis Carolien M. , Schuringa Jan Jacob
Published: December 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by the (oligo)clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells. Despite advances in treatment, AML remains challenging to cure, particularly in patients with specific genetic abnormalities. Menin inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, targeting key genetic drivers of AML, such as KMT2A (lysine methyl transferase 2A) rearrangements and NPM1 mutations. Here, we review the clinical value of menin inhibitors, highlighting their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and potential to transform AML treatment.
Non-V600E BRAF mutations and treatment for Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Arons Evgeny , Tai Chin-Hsien , Suraj Joshi , Liu Yuelin , Day Chi-Ping , Raffeld Mark , Xi Liqiang , Gould Mory , Shpilman Isaac David , Oakes Christopher C. , Bhat Seema Ali , Grever Michael Rhodes , Jones Daniel , Rogers Kerry A , Wang Hao-Wei , Yuan Constance M , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Kreitman Robert J.
Published: December 2024

We found 18 patients with immunophenotype consistent with classic hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and BRAF mutations other than just V600E. Twelve had 1 non-V600E BRAF mutation and 6 had V600E with 1 (n=5) or 2 (n=1) non-V600E BRAF co-mutations.
Epidemiological, clinical characterization and treatment patterns of migraine patients in a Colombian cohort from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Rubio A. C. , Arciniegas J. A. , Bolanos-Lopez J. E. , Gonzalez F. J. , Gomez D. , Mesa A. , Bello C. , Garcia M. , Perez L. E. , Reyes J. M.
Published: December 2024

Background

To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of migraine and the status of treatment in Colombia. Additionally, the use of health resources by patients was measured.

Methods

This was a non-interventional, retrospective, descriptive study conducted in one Colombian Health Management Organization (HMO) from 2018 to 2022 with a follow-up period of 5 years. Migraine patients were identified using the International Code Disease 10th version G43, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist. The first recorded migraine diagnosis was defined as the index date. Medical records, claim databases and other electronic databases from the HMO were used to determine the clinical characteristics, treatments, and health care services.

Results

A total of 89,227 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 3.7 years (standard deviation 1.2). Most of them were women (84.9%). Many patients were first seen by a general practitioner (82.6%), and only 8.9% were first seen by a neurologist. The prevalence of migraine during follow-up was between 1.69 and 2.42 patients in 100 HMO affiliates in 2020, the year with the highest prevalence (2.42 [95% CI 2.41–2.44]), and the incidence ranged from 0.032 to 1.72 per 100 patient-year at risk of developing migraine. Hypertension (21.3%), arrythmia (4.1%) and structural heart disease (3.4%) were the most common cardiovascular diseases. The annual mean number of outpatient consultations in 2018 was 1.43 consultations per patient, which decreased to 0.68 in 2022. The most frequent treatments for acute events were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (range 37-42%) in monotherapy, combinations of analgesics (range 14-35%), and corticosteroids (range 10-15%). Triptans were used in 4% of patients in the first medication record, reaching a maximum of 16% of patients. Among preventive treatments, beta-blockers (24-49%) and antiepileptics (29-41%) were the most common.

Conclusion

The prevalence of migraine in Colombia according to health electronic databases was lower than that reported in previous studies conducted in the country. The treatment patterns for acute and preventive treatment of migraine follow the recommendations of different guidelines. Cardiovascular disease is relevant for the management of migraine.
Exosome-derived proteins in gastric cancer progression, drug resistance, and immune response
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhang Huan , Li Juntao , Ni Xiangyu , Yan Wenying , Chen Yueqiu , Shi Tongguo
Published: December 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a prevalent malignancy globally, often diagnosed at advanced stages owing to subtle early symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis. Exosomes are extracellular nano-sized vesicles and are secreted by various cells. Mounting evidence indicates that exosomes contain a wide range of molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins, and play crucial roles in multiple cancers including GC. Recently, with the rapid development of mass spectrometry-based detection technology, researchers have paid increasing attention to exosomal cargo proteins. In this review, we discussed the origin of exosomes and the diagnostic and prognostic roles of exosomal proteins in GC. Moreover, we summarized the biological functions of exosomal proteins in GC processes, such as proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, stemness, immune response, angiogenesis, and traditional Chinese medicine therapy. In summary, this review synthesizes current advancements in exosomal proteins associated with GC, offering insights that could pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for GC in the foreseeable future.