bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach to Support Urgent Stroke Triage Using Administrative Data and Social Determinants of Health at Hospital Presentation: Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Min , Tan Xuan , Padman Rema
Published: January 2023

Background

The key to effective stroke management is timely diagnosis and triage. Machine learning (ML) methods developed to assist in detecting stroke have focused on interpreting detailed clinical data such as clinical notes and diagnostic imaging results. However, such information may not be readily available when patients are initially triaged, particularly in rural and underserved communities.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an ML stroke prediction algorithm based on data widely available at the time of patients’ hospital presentations and assess the added value of social determinants of health (SDoH) in stroke prediction.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of the emergency department and hospitalization records from 2012 to 2014 from all the acute care hospitals in the state of Florida, merged with the SDoH data from the American Community Survey. A case-control design was adopted to construct stroke and stroke mimic cohorts. We compared the algorithm performance and feature importance measures of the ML models (ie, gradient boosting machine and random forest) with those of the logistic regression model based on 3 sets of predictors. To provide insights into the prediction and ultimately assist care providers in decision-making, we used TreeSHAP for tree-based ML models to explain the stroke prediction.

Results

Our analysis included 143,203 hospital visits of unique patients, and it was confirmed based on the principal diagnosis at discharge that 73% (n=104,662) of these patients had a stroke. The approach proposed in this study has high sensitivity and is particularly effective at reducing the misdiagnosis of dangerous stroke chameleons (false-negative rate <4%). ML classifiers consistently outperformed the benchmark logistic regression in all 3 input combinations. We found significant consistency across the models in the features that explain their performance. The most important features are age, the number of chronic conditions on admission, and primary payer (eg, Medicare or private insurance). Although both the individual- and community-level SDoH features helped improve the predictive performance of the models, the inclusion of the individual-level SDoH features led to a much larger improvement (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.694 to 0.823) than the inclusion of the community-level SDoH features (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.823 to 0.829).

Conclusions

Using data widely available at the time of patients’ hospital presentations, we developed a stroke prediction model with high sensitivity and reasonable specificity. The prediction algorithm uses variables that are routinely collected by providers and payers and might be useful in underresourced hospitals with limited availability of sensitive diagnostic tools or incomplete data-gathering capabilities.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Resource Allocation Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Hanyu
Published: January 2023

Background

Imbalanced health care resource distribution has been central to unequal health outcomes and political tension around the world. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for facilitating resource distribution, especially during emergencies. However, no comprehensive review exists on the use and ethics of AI in health care resource distribution.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the application of AI in health care resource distribution, and explore the ethical and political issues in such situations.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception to February 2022. The review included qualitative and quantitative studies investigating the application of AI in health care resource allocation.

Results

The review involved 22 articles, including 9 on model development and 13 on theoretical discussions, qualitative studies, or review studies. Of the 9 on model development and validation, 5 were conducted in emerging economies, 3 in developed countries, and 1 in a global context. In terms of content, 4 focused on resource distribution at the health system level and 5 focused on resource allocation at the hospital level. Of the 13 qualitative studies, 8 were discussions on the COVID-19 pandemic and the rest were on hospital resources, outbreaks, screening, human resources, and digitalization.

Conclusions

This scoping review synthesized evidence on AI in health resource distribution, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that the application of AI has the potential to improve efficacy in resource distribution, especially during emergencies. Efficient data sharing and collecting structures are needed to make reliable and evidence-based decisions. Health inequality, distributive justice, and transparency must be considered when deploying AI models in real-world situations.
Association of Depression With Precautionary Behavior Compliance, COVID-19 Fear, and Health Behaviors in South Korea: National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shin Hyerine , Kim Ji-Su , Lee HyunHae
Published: January 2023

Background

As of January 2022, the number of people infected with COVID-19 worldwide has exceeded 350 million. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, people are affected in a wide range of areas of life, which in turn causes numerous psychological problems. Depression is a serious problem for people who have suffered from COVID-19. Depression can worsen COVID-19 precautionary behavior compliance or the health behavior itself. In addition, these depressive symptoms may have different characteristics depending on the individual’s gender.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether depression is a factor that may affect COVID-19 fear, precautionary behavior compliance, and health behavior, and how these characteristic trends differ by gender.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS), a national cross-sectional survey conducted with complex sampling analysis. In 2020, the KCHS included COVID-19–related questions. For this study, we used the KCHS data from both the COVID-19–related questions and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. After weighting the data according to the KCHS guidelines, we calculated the distribution of men and women according to depression level. The data were collected using multiple-choice questions related to precautionary behavior compliance, COVID-19–related fears, and health behavior changes.

Results

Of the 204,787 participants, those who were clinically depressed had a greater tendency to not comply with precautionary behaviors. Regarding COVID-19, “fear” showed a decreasing trend in both men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.83) and women (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.86) with clinically relevant depression. Moreover, for both men and women, health behaviors deteriorated as depression intensified; the AOR for sleep duration changes was 2.28 (95% CI 2.00-2.59) in men and was 2.15 (95% CI 1.96-2.36) in women. Notably, the responses of clinically depressed women revealed a doubled increase in both their drinking (AOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.88-2.70) and smoking (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.95-3.77) habits compared with those of nondepressed women.

Conclusions

Both men and women with more severe depression were more likely to violate precautionary health behaviors as their depression worsened. Health behaviors also deteriorated for both genders, but women tended to show a greater change. Therefore, additional studies and interventions for vulnerable groups such as severely depressed people are needed. More research is also necessary to develop interventions based on statistical comparisons of men and women.
Evaluating the Modified Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Insomnia Severity Index-2 for Daily Digital Screening of Depression and Insomnia: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Oh Jae Won , Kim Sun Mi , Lee Deokjong , Son Nak-Hoon , Uh Jinsun , Yoon Ju Hong , Choi Yukyung , Lee San
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Insomnia Severity Index-2 (ISI-2) are screening assessments that reflect the past 2-week experience of depression and insomnia, respectively. Retrospective assessment has been associated with reduced accuracy owing to recall bias.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to increase the reliability of responses by validating the use of the PHQ-2 and ISI-2 for daily screening.

METHODS

A total of 167 outpatients from the psychiatric department at the Yongin Severance Hospital participated in this study, of which 63 (37.7%) were male and 104 (62.3%) were female with a mean age of 35.1 (SD 12.1) years. Participants used a mobile app (“Mental Protector”) for 4 weeks and rated their depressive and insomnia symptoms daily on the modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 scales. The validation assessments were conducted in 2 blocks, each with a fortnight response from the participants. The modified version of the PHQ-2 was evaluated against the conventional scales of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised.

RESULTS

According to the sensitivity and specificity analyses, an average score of 3.29 on the modified PHQ-2 was considered valid for screening for depressive symptoms. Similarly, the ISI-2 was evaluated against the conventional scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and a mean score of 3.50 was determined to be a valid threshold for insomnia symptoms when rated daily.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is one of the first to propose a daily digital screening measure for depression and insomnia delivered through a mobile app. The modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 were strong candidates for daily screening of depression and insomnia, respectively.
Diagnostic Value of a Wearable Continuous Electrocardiogram Monitoring Device (AT-Patch) for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kwun Ju-Seung , Lee Jang Hoon , Park Bo Eun , Park Jong Sung , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Kim Sun-Hwa , Jeon Ki-Hyun , Cho Hyoung-won , Kang Si-Hyuck , Lee Wonjae , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho , Yoon Chang-Hwan
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

While conventional electrocardiogram monitoring devices are useful for detecting atrial fibrillation, they have considerable drawbacks, including a short monitoring duration and invasive device implantation. The use of patch-type devices circumvents these drawbacks and has shown comparable diagnostic capability for the early detection of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine whether a patch-type device (AT-Patch) applied to patients with a high risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation defined by the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex scale (CHA2DS2-VASc) score had increased detection rates.

METHODS

In this nonrandomized multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled 320 adults aged ≥19 years who had never experienced atrial fibrillation and whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was ≥2. The AT-Patch was attached to each individual for 11 days, and the data were analyzed for arrhythmic events by 2 independent cardiologists.

RESULTS

Atrial fibrillation was detected by the AT-Patch in 3.4% (11/320) of patients, as diagnosed by both cardiologists. Interestingly, when participants with or without atrial fibrillation were compared, a previous history of heart failure was significantly more common in the atrial fibrillation group (n=4/11, 36.4% vs n=16/309, 5.2%, respectively; P=.003). When a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥4 was combined with previous heart failure, the detection rate was significantly increased to 24.4%. Comparison of the recorded electrocardiogram data revealed that supraventricular and ventricular ectopic rhythms were significantly more frequent in the new-onset atrial fibrillation group compared with nonatrial fibrillation group (3.4% vs 0.4%; P=.001 and 5.2% vs 1.2%; P<.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This study detected a moderate number of new-onset atrial fibrillations in high-risk patients using the AT-Patch device. Further studies will aim to investigate the value of early detection of atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with heart failure as a means of reducing adverse clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04857268; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04857268
Relationship Between Demographic and Social Variables and Performance in Virtual Reality in Healthcare Personnel: An Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Katz Daniel , Hyers Benjamin , Patten Eric , Sarte Darren , Loo Mariano , Burnett Garrett W.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality is emerging as an important component of medical education. Although the benefits of virtual reality are apparent, the optimal strategy to orient to or differentiate learners in the virtual space have not been delineated.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between demographic variables, social variables, and self-perceived comfort with technology to performance on a standardized non-medical virtual reality experience.

METHODS

This prospective observational study was performed at the International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare in January 2022. This conference includes medical and non-medical attendees. Participants provided demographic information and participated in a scored non-medical VR experience. Participants then completed a System Usability Index and NASA Task Load Index form.

RESULTS

95 participants were included in final analysis. 55 (57.9%) of participants had prior virtual reality experience. Higher scores were associated with younger age (11.09, p<0.001), identifying as male (11.09, p<0.001), and a higher frequency of playing video games in the past (18.96, p<0.001). The high score group was more likely to report comfort with virtual reality (6.29, p=0.003) as well as comfort with new technology (4.61, p=0.012). NASA Task Load Index scores trended down between score groups with System Usability Index scores trending up between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

An immersive virtual reality experience was well tolerated and enjoyed by our study population. Performance was most closely related to age and gender. Self-perceived comfort with virtual reality was more predictive of score than prior virtual reality experience.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Correction: A Personalized Ontology-Based Decision Support System for Complex Chronic Patients: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Román-Villarán Esther , Alvarez-Romero Celia , Martínez-García Alicia , Escobar-Rodríguez German Antonio , García-Lozano María José , Barón-Franco Bosco , Moreno-Gaviño Lourdes , Moreno-Conde Jesús , Rivas-González José Antonio , Parra-Calderón Carlos Luis
Published: January 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
ULOGA PRIDNJESTROVLJA U VOJNO-POLITIČKOJ STABILNOSTI EVROPE
Authors: Parezanovic Marko
Published: January 2023

Uloga Pridnjestrovlja u vojno-političkoj stabilnosti Evrope je kompleksna tema, koja je dobila na dodatnom značaju nakon otpočinjanja ruske specijalne vojne operacije u Ukrajini. Pridnjestrovlje je od 1992. godine područje zamrznutog konflikta, preko kojeg se prelama više vektora istočnih i zapadnih spoljnih politika. Naizgled teritorijalno „beznačajno“ područje, koje nema nikakve ozbiljnije ekonomske potencijale, danas ponovo predstavlja polje interesovanja velikih sila, sa sve glasnijim stavovima da je u pitanju novi ruski Kalinjingrad. Iako ove teze nisu tačne, jer Pridnjestrovlje zbog svog geografsko-teritorijalnog hendikepa nikada ne može postati nešto slično Kalinjingradu (nema izlaz na more, niti neophodnu strategijsku dubinu), ipak se ne sme prenebregnuti činjenica da se na području Pridnjestrovlja nalazi najveći vojni magacin u Evropi, sa preko 22.000 tona naoružanja i municije, još iz sovjetskog perioda. Osim toga, trajnim rešavanjem pridnjestrovskog pitanja, prestala bi da postoji ruska poluga pritiska na Moldaviju, koja u poslednje vreme sve više stremi evropskim i evroatlantskim integrativnim procesima.
ŠTA NAM KAZUJE PROŠIRENI NAZIV ANTROPOLOGIJE
Authors: Miljkovic Matic Jelena
Published: January 2023

Mnoge društveno-humanističke nauke koriste složeni izraz koji ima oblik naziv nauke + predmet u genitivu, da na taj način označe svoje grane. Razmatram tu pojavu na primeru srpske antropologije. Koristim raspravu dvoje antropologa o predmetu i cilju saznanja u antropologiji, među kojima jedan objašnjava funkciju imeničke sintagme u genitivu. Zatim osvetljavam njen filosofski smisao iz ugla pravoslavne hrišćanske filosofije Žarka Vidovića. Saznaćemo da imenička sintagma u genitivu pripada diskursu koji čoveka marginalizuje na račun njegovih fenomena i čak ga samog pretvara u fenomen društva i kulture.
A correction on “Some remarks on fuzzy infi-topological spaces”
Authors: Ameen Zanyar Anwer
Published: January 2023

In [3], the authors presented a weak fuzzy topological structure called “fuzzy infi topological space” and studied some of its consequences. In this paper, we show that some of the results in [3] are incorrect and provide the correct versions of them.
Wind Energy Conversion System Based PMSG for Maximum Power Tracking and Grid Synchronization Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: George Teena , P Jayaprakash , Francis Tinu , Sreedharan Christopher Ezhil Singh
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy logic based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based variable speed Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The control algorithm, online updates the scaling factors of the Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) at a high convergence speed. The adaptive FLC is in cooperated along with field-oriented control of PMSG to track the maximum power. The WECS is connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. The grid side inverter is controlled by voltage-oriented control along with FLC, so that power quality standards of the grid are maintained. The performance of the system is verified using MATLAB Simulink and it is validated that power coefficient of WECS abide at its optimum value with dynamic conditions in wind speed. The WECS provides full reactive power support for the system with a unity power factor operation at the grid. The active power sharing of WECS to the grid/load changes with the availability of wind power.
El Incumplimiento del Derecho de Convivencia de las Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes Atenta Contra su Dignidad
Authors: Cárdenas Miranda Elva Leonor , Huerta Reyes Yadira Aideé
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo aborda la importancia del reconocimiento del derecho de las niñas, niños y adolescentes a relacionarse y convivir con ambos progenitores, ya que negarles esta convivencia, no solo implica la violación a sus derechos humanos, también repercute en el desarrollo de su personalidad, por ello, se subraya la trascendencia de la familia en el desarrollo del individuo y la dignidad de las personas, en el marco de la doctrina de protección integral y el interés superior de la infancia.
Análisis de la Regulación de la Muerte en la Normativa Mexicana en Relación con el Principio Pro-Persona
Authors: Diez García Javier
Published: January 2023

La comprobación de los criterios de muerte previstos por la Ley General de Salud en su artículo 343 pueden resultar muy complejos, especialmente al vincularse con el principio pro persona, el cual implica garantizar el mayor plano de protección posible de los derechos del individuo optando por aquellas interpretaciones que permitan la salvaguarda más amplia de la esfera jurídica del gobernado. En este sentido, uno de los criterios más problemáticos para ser acreditado sin margen de duda razonable es la ausencia completa y permanente de conciencia, toda vez que ésta no ha sido definida de manera unánime y, con ello, se pueden provocar conflictos a la hora de poder afirmar que los derechos de la persona son protegidos.
Los Principios Fundamentales del Derecho Mexicano del Trabajo
Authors: Marquet Guerrero Porfirio
Published: January 2023

La expresión “Principios Fundamentales” alude a las ideas que constituyen el fondo filosófico, ético y jurídico de una disciplina determinada, incluida en particular la relativa al Derecho del Trabajo, específicamente al que ha surgido, ha evolucionado y se ha consolidado con características propias en México. Su conocimiento, análisis y sistematización, contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de su esencia, sentido, alcances y trascendencia. En México, algunos de estos Principios están plasmados en la Constitución desde 1917, aunque no es forma explícita; se reiteraron, desarrollaron y ampliaron en la Ley Federal del Trabajo de 1931 y posteriormente en forma más ordenada y sistemática en la de 1970. En las reformas posteriores, la de 2012 tuvo el mérito de incorporar la noción del “trabajo decente”, creada por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, además de profundizar en particular los criterios de igualdad y de no discriminación y agregar la noción de la capacitación con alusión a las ideas de la productividad, la calidad en el trabajo y un sentido de beneficios compartidos. La reforma laboral de 2019 sólo tuvo algunos cambios de redacción
Declaración sobre los Derechos de los Campesinos. Expectativas Reales o Buenos Propósitos
Authors: Chacón Hernández David
Published: January 2023

El éxito de la declaración campesina debe depender de la difusión que se haga de ella, la seriedad con la que los gobiernos del sistema ONU la tomen y el seguimiento que se le dé, especialmente si, como otras declaraciones, le sigue en futuro próximo, la elaboración de una convención que permita crear obligaciones jurídicas más puntuales. Si bien, las convenciones suelen no ser firmadas y ratificadas por muchos gobiernos, al menos se debe buscar que lo hagan el mínimo de miembros con lo cual un instrumento de esa naturaleza entre en vigor. Una vez hecho esto, la declaración campesina adquirirá fuerza para ser utilizada como criterio de aplicación interpretación en favor del campesinado de muchas partes del mundo.
La Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Patiño Manffer Ruperto
Published: January 2023

En este documento se analiza el nacimiento, estructura, funcionamiento y resultados de la Alianza del Pacífico, en la que participan Colombia, Chile, México y Perú, que se ha reconocido como el mecanismo de integración económica más importante en Latinoamérica, con base en el Acuerdo Marco y su Protocolo Adicional y se analiza la problemática que deriva de la multiplicación de acuerdos comerciales regionales cuyo funcionamiento se ve obstaculizado por las diversas reglas de origen que limitan la expansión del comercio internacional.
Entrevista al dr. Ricardo Alberto Guibourg Profesor Titular Emérito y Director de la Maestría en Filosofía del Derecho en la Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: January 2023

RICARDO ALBERTO GUIBOURG es Abogado y Doctor en Derecho y Ciencias Sociales por la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Con relación a su actividad académica, es profesor titular emérito e imparte la cátedra de Teoría General del Derecho en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, es director de la Maestría en Filosofía del Derecho, impartiendo las materias de “Enfoque analítico”, “Seminario de análisis ontológico-gnoseológico”, “Seminario de análisis ético”, “Aplicación analítica del derecho”, y “Seminario de tesis”. También es profesor en cursos de Doctorado (“Introducción a la Epistemología”, “Análisis Ético”, “Estructuras Argumentales”, “Teoría y Práctica de la Tesis”) y es profesor en la Maestría en Magistratura (“Bases del Pensamiento Judicial”). Con relación a su actividad profesional, hasta 2010 fue juez de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo. Desde 2010 hasta 2014, dirigió una investigación sobre análisis de Criterios Judiciales titulada “Hacia un procedimiento laboral formulario”.
Entrevista al dr. Juan Antonio García Amado Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho de la Universidad de León
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: January 2023

Juan Antonio García Amado es Licenciado y Doctor en Derecho por la Universidad de Oviedo. Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho de la Universidad de León desde 1994. Recibió el Premio de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales con ocasión del XXV aniversario de la Universidad de León. Posee la Orden del Congreso de Colombia en el Grado de Cruz de Caballero. Doctor honoris causa por varias universidades latinoamericanas. Miembro del comité editorial o el comité científico de revistas como Rechtstheorie, Doxa, Droit et Société, Derechos y libertades y numerosas publicaciones jurídicas y filosóficas de América Latina. Autor de más de dos centeneras de artículos en libros colectivos y revistas españolas y extranjeras, así como artículos traducidos al portugués, el francés y el alemán. Ha publicado sobre temas de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho, Filosofía política, Derecho penal, Derecho constitucional, Derecho civil, Derecho administrativo, Derecho laboral, Derecho y cine, Derecho y literatura, entre otros.
Editorial
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: January 2023

Todos y todas somos parte de una sociedad dinámica y diversa, es decir, que está en un constante cambio, progresando, y que al mismo tiempo realiza avances en diferentes ámbitos y de diferentes maneras.

La Revista del Posgrado en Derecho de la UNAM se ha caracterizado por ser un espacio de difusión de ideas e investigaciones, siempre de vanguardia pues sus autores, reconocidos académicos del Derecho, desde diferentes ramas y perspectivas han estudiado al Derecho en sus variadas manifestaciones: teorías, leyes o casos específicos, llegando a crear sus propias propuestas.

Así, en este edición de la Revista se continua con esta labor que se ha venido realizando desde hace años, siempre trabajando por la calidad y la periodicidad.

Este número resulta ser trascendente por muchas razones, en principio por constar de dos tomos, pues contiene 20 trabajos producto de la pluma y pensamiento de distinguidos académicos y académicas, que con sus aportaciones han enriquecido invaluablemente a esta Revista, lo que también reitera el progresivo crecimiento de esta y el aumento de interés de los académicos para acercarse a la misma, conocerla y publicar; a todos ustedes les agradecemos por su confianza. Sin más preámbulos, me permito presentar cada uno de los artículos que integran este número.
Declaracion sobre Principios y presupuestos que rigen los contratos pendientes de ejecución en el concurso mercantil mexicano
Authors: Dávalos Torres Susana
Published: January 2023

Los contratos pendientes de ejecución están regulados por la Ley de Concursos Mercantiles mexicana en unoscuantos artículos; no obstante, se requiere de un análisis no solo de sus características sino también de los principios concursales que les son aplicables dada su complejidad para determinar qué son y cuál es su tratamiento.En la Ley de Concursos Mercantiles se introdujeron una serie de novedades frente a lo que anteriormente disponía la Ley de Quiebras y Suspensión de Pagos. Estos cambios y la falta de claridad de sus disposiciones, se ha traducido en una pluralidad de interpretaciones doctrinales de lo que significan los principios que rigen al concurso mercantil y de lo que es un contrato pendiente de ejecución. El resultado es incertidumbre jurídica, pues, dependiendo de la interpretación de los principios y de lo que es o no es un contrato pendiente de ejecución son las consecuencias jurídicas para el deudor y su contraparte en un contrato.

Este estudio tiene como finalidad abrir la discusión sobre los principios que rigen los contratos pendientes de ejecución y sus características, y así contribuir al estudio del tratamiento de estos estos contratos para buscando la mejor aplicación de las normas relativas a este tema.
Occupational self-efficacy as a predictor of work engagement employees working telecommuting during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Rubianto Liroy , Kembaren Esther Muliana
Published: January 2023

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on changes in the work environment, which has shifted from traditional to digital. Many companies have started implementing remote work systems (telecommuting). The telecommuting work system cause employees to be able to adapt to new work rhythms and face all other obstacles. The impact of the pandemic presents a challenge for companies in maintaining employee engagement to survive in an uncertain environment. Therefore, this study aims to test occupational self-efficacy's predictive power on employees' work engagement who work telecommuting during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative approach with simple linear regression statistical analysis. In this study, 130 participants were found as active employees who worked at least two years in companies, had experience telecommuting during the pandemic, and were located in JABODETABEK. The results of simple linear regression showed that occupational self-efficacy was significantly able to predict 43.5% of the variance of work engagement (R2= 0.435, F (1, 128) = 98.698, p < 0.001).
Reliability and validity of the Career Competencies Questionnaire among Chinese kindergarten teachers
Authors: Chu Kequn , Qin Faye , Zhang Li
Published: January 2023

We investigated the validity and reliability of the Career Competencies Questionnaire (CCQ) in the cultural context of China. We translated the original version of the CCQ into Chinese and then conducted an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, and examined
the internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability. The CCQ–Chinese version comprised 21 items separated into six factors: reflection on motivation, reflection on qualities, networking, self-profiling, work exploration, and career control. According to the statistical
results, the CCQ had adequate psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context and may be utilized as a new instrument to assess Chinese kindergarten teachers' career competency.
The prevalence of drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Laseeva M. G. , Vlasova T. I. , Dvoretskova S. Y.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To study the causes of virological inefficiency of ART and to analyze the prevalence of mutations of resistance to ART drugs among HIV-infected patients, who lives in the Republic of Mordovia and receiving ART.

Materials and methods. We studied 37 blood tests with detectable viral load from HIV-infected patients receiving observation in the GBUZ RM «MRTSPBSPID», taking ART for more than 24 weeks. We The evaluated patient’s adherence to treatment. The analysis for drug resistance was performed by genotyping, using HIV-Resist-Seg diagnostic test systems, (the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Statistical data processing (c2 calculation) StatSoft, Inc. (2011), STATISTICA, Russia.

Results and discussion: in the group of patients with mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mutations of pharmacological resistance to drugs of two and three groups are most often determined (in 87.5% of cases). The number and frequency of genetic aberrations in general did not depend on the number of already approved treatment regimens. At the same time, in patients with two or more changes of ART regimens in the anamnesis, the occurrence of mutations of drug resistance to IP was significantly higher than in HIV-infected patients with one ART regimen.

Conclusion: in the Republic of Mordovia, virological inefficiency is associated equally with both a violation of ART intake (poor adherence) and the development of pharmacoresistance. It is important to determine the drug resistance of HIV in patients receiving ART.
Persistent nonlocality in an ultracold-atom environment
Authors: Longstaff Bradley , Brask Jonatan Bohr
Published: January 2023

We investigate nonlocal quantum correlations arising between multiple two-level impurity atoms coupled to an ultracold bosonic gas. We find that the environment-induced dynamics of the impurity subsystem can generate nonlocal states that are robust against noise and violate a multipartite Bell inequality when projective spin measurements are made. Genuine multipartite nonlocality is also observed in a system of three impurities. We show that non-Markovian effects, and the persistence of coherences in the impurity subsystem, are crucial for preventing complete loss of nonlocality and allow for nonlocal correlations to be generated and maintained for extended periods of time.
Pulse based Variational Quantum Optimal Control for hybrid quantum computing
Authors: de Keijzer Robert , Tse Oliver , Kokkelmans Servaas
Published: January 2023

This work studies pulse based variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which are designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. In contrast to more standard gate based methods, pulse based methods aim to directly optimize the laser pulses interacting with the qubits, instead of using some parametrized gate based circuit. Using the mathematical formalism of optimal control, these laser pulses are optimized. This method has been used in quantum computing to optimize pulses for quantum gate implementations, but has only recently been proposed for full optimization in VQAs. Pulse based methods have several advantages over gate based methods such as faster state preparation, simpler implementation and more freedom in moving through the state space. Based on these ideas, we present the development of a novel adjoint based variational method. This method can be tailored towards and applied in neutral atom quantum computers. This method of pulse based variational quantum optimal control is able to approximate molecular ground states of simple molecules up to chemical accuracy and is able to compete with the gate based variational quantum eigensolver in terms of total number of quantum evaluations. The total evolution time T and the form of the control Hamiltonian Hc are important factors in the convergence behavior to the ground state energy, both having influence on the quantum speed limit and the controllability of the system.
Planos de carreira e valorização docente
Authors: Macena dos santos Isabela , Da Silva Gomes Eva Pauliana , Do Prado Edna Cristina
Published: January 2023

Este artigo discute sobre os Planos de Carreira e Remuneração – PCR dos profissionais da educação e apresenta os resultados do mapeamento realizado sobre a situação desses planos na esfera municipal do estado de Alagoas; discute, ainda, as percepções dos/as secretários municipais sobre a valorização docente. Utilizou-se a pesquisa quantitativa como metodologia, com questionários dirigidos a secretários/as municipais e presidentes regionais do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores da Educação de Alagoas – SINTE/AL, tendo como categorias analíticas o PCR e a valorização docente. Os resultados demonstram que o estado de Alagoas precisa avançar na atualização disponibilização online dos PCR nos municípios.
Bem-estar subjetivo e Cidade Educadora
Authors: Klumb Oliveira Marta Azevedo
Published: January 2023

Este ensaio pretende olhar para o fenômeno ‘bem-estar subjetivo-Cidade Educadora’ buscando compreender o potencial das Cidades Educadoras em catalisar a experiência humana intencional de promoção de saúde, de modo a criar uma realidade digna nos territórios de responsabilidade compartilhada. A Cidade Educadora não é fruto de coincidências, mas intencional, em favor do cuidado com determinantes sociais da saúde e múltiplas existências. Assim, os princípios da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (solidariedade, felicidade, ética, respeito às diversidades, humanização, corresponsabilidade, justiça e inclusão social) colaboram na construção de uma cidade onde todos/as saibamos existir e coexistir. O papel da promoção da saúde na Cidade Educadora deve confundir-se, em parte, com a exigência humana de sermos circunstanciais no mundo, mas rigorosamente responsáveis por ele.
La confianza en las organizaciones: reflexión sobre su sentido y alcance
Authors: Vargas-González Carlos , Toro-Jaramillo Iván-Darío
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad, la confianza es un factor clave de éxito para las organizaciones, razón por la cual emprenden estrategias para adquirirla, incrementarla, conservarla e, incluso, recuperarla. Sin embargo, al ser la confianza un término equívoco, tiene diferentes acepciones de acuerdo con la perspectiva desde la cual se aborde. Por tanto, el objetivo de este artículo fue discutir el sentido en el que es posible hablar de la confianza en las organizaciones, para lo cual se utilizó un método hermenéutico, poniendo en diálogo crítico la administración con apuntes de la filosofía moral reciente, dando cuenta de cómo la argumentación filosófica ofrece luces para repensar el tema de la confianza dentro de las organizaciones, entendiéndola más allá de lo aceptado comúnmente como obvio. Como fruto de este diálogo hermenéutico entre el managment y la filosofía, se propone que para hablar de confianza en las organizaciones debe entenderse tanto en sentido propio como metafórico, considerarse que esta se da en diferentes niveles de acuerdo con el tipo de relación entre las partes interesadas y que la obligación puede ser el lazo para justificarla.
Protocol for the examination and selection of potential living donors of bone tissue for the production of allografts
Authors:   State Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Strafun S. , Holiuk Ye. ,   State Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pschenychny T. ,   State Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The responsible stage of choosing the source of bone allografts is the process of examination and selection of the donor, which includes moral and ethical, legal and medical aspects. The selection of potential donors should be carried out with the participation of a qualified doctor, with a thorough collection of anamnesis, social conditions and a general medical examination. Up to 48 % of all potential donors are rejected to collect bone in the pre-operative period; up to 22 % of the received tissues are not suitable for transplantation according to the results of further examinations. Purpose – to develop a protocol for the examination of potential living donors of bone tissue based on anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations to ensure the selection of high-quality bone material for the production of bone grafts. Materials and methods. From 01.01.2016 to 01.12.2021, 640 patients for hip replacement were involved in the selection of bone tissue donors. The following selection steps were applied: obtaining informed consent, filling in a questionnaire about the possibility of donation, express-tests for infections and X-ray morphometric examination based on the results of radiography of the hip joints in direct projection. Results. Based on the results of the examination of potential donors, it was established that the number of patients who were excluded from further research due to refusal to donate was 3 %, due to contraindications according to the results of filling out the questionnaire – 15 %, according to X-ray morphometric criteria – 51 %, according to the results of laboratory examination – 2 %. Conclusions. A protocol of examination of bone tissue donors for the production of scaffolds has been developed. It was established that about 30 % of all examined potential donors are suitable for donation.
Dissecting unsupervised learning through hidden Markov modelling in electrophysiological data
Authors: Masaracchia Laura , Fredes Felipe , Woolrich Mark , Vidaurre Diego
Published: January 2023

Unsupervised, data-driven methods are commonly used in neuroscience to
automatically decompose data into interpretable patterns. These patterns
differ from one another depending on the assumptions of the models. How
these assumptions affect specific data decompositions in practice,
however, is often unclear, which hinders model applicability and
interpretability. For instance, the hidden Markov model (HMM)
automatically detects characteristic, recurring activity patterns
(so-called states) from time series data. States are defined by a
certain probability distribution, whose state-specific parameters are
estimated from the data. But what specific features, from all of those
that the data contain, do the states capture? That depends on the choice
of probability distribution and on other model hyperparameters. Using
both synthetic and real data, we aim at better characterising the
behaviour of two HMM types that can be applied to electrophysiological
data. Specifically, we study which differences in data features (such as
frequency, amplitude or signal-to-noise ratio) are more salient to the
models and therefore more likely to drive the state decomposition.
Overall, we aim at providing guidance for an appropriate use of this
type of analysis on one or two-channel neural electrophysiological data,
and an informed interpretation of its results given the characteristics
of the data and the purpose of the analysis.
Enhancing Power Quality in Microgrids with Hybrid Tuna-Glowworm Swarm Optimization Strategy for Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Nanda Babita , Jena Ranjan Kumar , Muni Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2023

The adoption of Microgrids (MGs) assists in evolving the power grid into
a more effective, flexible, minimized losses, and less polluted solution
for offering the necessities and acquirements of energy consumers.
Diverse Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are incorporated into the MGs
owing to their characteristics including the inability and variability
for precisely controlling and predicting the created various technical
issues. The essential issue in MGs that needs to be handled is achieving
the essential Power Quality (PQ) regarding the stabilization in voltages
and distortions in harmonic levels. Thus, various types of equipment are
recommended for enhancing the challenges regarding the uncertainty in
sources and nonlinearity in loads. To mitigate the PQ issue in MGs, a
new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm called Hybrid Tuna-Glow worm Swarm
Optimization (HT-GWSO) is suggested in this research work. It is
implemented with the integration of both Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO)
and Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithms, where the controller
parameters are tuned by HT-GWSO. It focuses on enhancing the PQ by
differing active power with reactive power. The objective as the
minimization of error function along with reducing the power variants is
considered here.
Implantação de instrumento de avaliação das Boas Práticas de Manipulação em central de quimioterapia
Authors: De Almeida Meneses Rosana , Silva de Oliveira Maria Gladiene , Siedschlag Ise Guimarães Priscila , Garcia Marras Mirian , Manganaro de Assunção Pontes Elizaine , Lie Nagai Kelly , De Freitas Freire de Mello Luciana , Da Silva Luiz Ivan Henrique
Published: January 2023

Introdução: As boas práticas de manipulação são regulamentadas pela RDC 67/2007, sendo critérios exigidos para manter qualidade, segurança e eficácia do produto final aos pacientes. É importante que todos os processos de manipulação validados estejam alinhados entre a equipe, impedindo desvios de qualidade ou falhas na segurança do processo, sendo necessários treinamento e educação continuada para melhoria constante. Objetivo: Padronizar o processo de boas práticas de manipulação por meio de acompanhamento quadrimestral utilizando formulário de avaliação de conformidade e não conformidade. Método: Estudo observacional desenvolvido entre janeiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022 em que foram realizados três acompanhamentos e foram avaliadas as técnicas de preparo de 22 manipuladores de uma central de manipulação de um Hospital Público Oncológico de São Paulo. As avaliações ocorreram a cada quatro meses sendo analisados 14 pontos com a finalidade de verificar as conformidades e não conformidades dos pontos críticos do processo de preparo dos quimioterápicos, de forma a observar o desempenho individual e coletivo da equipe. Os manipuladores foram submetidos ao acompanhamento de 10 preparações, sendo registrados em formulário de avaliação. Após os acompanhamentos foi realizada análise dos dados e feedback com os manipuladores. Os resultados de cada manipulador foram pontuados e convertidos em porcentagem. O índice de conformidade da equipe foi expresso por uma média geral. Resultados: Após os três acompanhamentos foi possível avaliar as técnicas de manipulação, fazendo as correções individuais que levaram a melhoria do processo, aumentando a segurança para o paciente. Os índices de conformidade do primeiro, segundo e terceiro acompanhamento foi de 91,36%, 93,54% e 93%, respectivamente, mantendo alto nível de conformidade dos processos. Conclusão: Através do acompanhamento dos manipuladores, foi possível estabelecer um instrumento de avaliação que avalia o nível de conformidade do processo de manipulação, permitindo incluir melhorias e por consequência trazer confiabilidade, segurança e qualidade no processo de preparo dos quimioterápicos.
Avaliação da Reprodutibilidade Interavaliador de Ferramentas para Avaliação de Gravidade e Evitabilidade de Reações Adversos em Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Weyler Duarte Leopoldino Ramon , Vinicius S de Oliveira Lucas , Santana Oliveira Gabriela , Paiva Marques Daniel , Carvalho de A. Rocha Luan , Tereza Matias de Lima Costa Haline , Marins Pereira Vale Leticia , Randall Martins Rand
Published: January 2023

Introdução: A farmacoterapia em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) é complexa envolvendo maior gravidade clínica e prematuridade fisiológica. Neste contexto, a caracterização de reações adversas a medicamentos (RAM) quanto a gravidade e evitabilidade são essenciais para o farmacêutico intensivista. Contudo, o desempenho de ferramentas com essa finalidade e no contexto de UTIN são pouco descritos na literatura. Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade intravaliadores de ferramentas para caracterização da gravidade e evitabilidade de RAM em UTIN. Métodos: Este estudo observacional e prospectivo foi desenvolvido em neonatos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de uma maternidade referência para gestação de alto risco em Natal/Brasil entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020. Os casos de RAM suspeitas foram disponibilizados por três farmacêuticas independentes e experientes (mais de 4 anos de experiência em UTIN) que aplicaram as ferramentas de Hartwing (gravidade) e Bracken (evitabilidade). A reprodutibilidade intravaliadores foi mensurada pelo Kappa de Cohen (k) com respectivos intervalo de confianção 95% (IC95%). O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes sob nº 2.591.495/2018. Resultados: As farmacêuticas aplicaram os instrumentos em 79 casos de RAM identificadas em UTIN de um hospital universitário. Os neonatos média de idade gestacional de 30±4 semanas e peso ao nascer de 1.446,0±1.179,3g. A identificação da gravidade da RAM via Hartwing mostrou uma boa correlação global (k global = 0,573; IC95% 0,409 – 0,737) com uma concordância de 86,5% e discordância de 48,3% interavaliador. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa para determinação de evitabilidade via Bracken (k global = 0,007; IC95% -0,046 – 0,022), assim como um percentual de disconcordância interavaliador de 83,3%. Conclusão: A determinação da gravidade de RAM através do método de Hartwing apresenta uma boa reprodutibilidade entre diferentes avaliadores, enquanto o método de Bracken para classificação de evitabilidade não se mostrou reprodutível.