bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for assessing the physical wear of apartment buildings with defects included
Authors: Khotamov Asadulla , Kadabayeva Shakhnoza
Published: February 2023

The article proposes a new method for assessing the physical deterioration of residential buildings, taking into account not only the physical deterioration of structures, but also the accumulated defects in buildings. The composition of operational wear, methods for their assessment and assessment of the real technical condition of structures and buildings as a whole are analyzed. At the same time, operational wear is considered as a combination of physical and moral wear. If physical depreciation is presented as a category of technical and economic, then the assessment of the degree of this depreciation is associated with the costs spent on its elimination. The technical condition of the building structure is also affected by defects accumulated at different stages (pre-project, design stage, prefabrication stage, storage and transportation of the structure, construction and installation and operation stage) of the existence of the building. The elimination of accumulated defects also requires corresponding costs. Therefore, in the article the accumulated defects are referred to as functional deficiencies and it is accepted as functional wear and tear. And the assessment of cumulative wear in determining the real technical condition, the inclusion of this wear is necessary. This article presents an algorithm and a mathematical model for accounting for this type of (functional) wear.
Regional distribution patterns of heavy metals and radionuclides in the East European Plain
Authors: Nesterov Evgeny , Egorov Pavel , Dubrova Stanislav , Postolova Marina , Mingareeva Elena , Markova Maria
Published: February 2023

Identification of stable regularities in the distribution of heavy metals and radionuclides in soil profiles of the East European Plain is an important scientific and practical task. Heavy metals are easily included in the biological cycle, getting into the human body, are accumulated in the bones, tissues, causing incurable disease, which may subsequently proceed unnoticed. The peculiarity of radioactive pollutants is that they usually do not change the level of soil fertility, but accumulate in crops. Therefore, maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of radionuclides have been established for human food and animal feed. When analyzing the results of the study, it was revealed that soil horizons are well traced by the content of heavy metals, which makes it possible to get an idea of the soil profile structure by the content of heavy metals in them. The content of natural radionuclides in carbonate yellow-brown clays was established for the first time. According to the obtained correlation data of radionuclides and gross content of heavy metals and a number of oxides of heavy metals with a sufficient degree of reliability we can determine the content of this or that radionuclide, being aware of the percentage content of the element or oxide in the soil.
Methods of acoustic control of reservoir liquid level for portable measuring devices
Authors: Borminskii Sergei
Published: February 2023

The paper is devoted to developing methods of acoustic control for multifunctional device for measuring the level of liquid in tanks, as well as the length and diameter of pipes. To measure the level of the liquid filling in the tank a wave guide is installed, where additional sound reflectors are placed inside at known distances, which reflect part of the acoustic wave back to the receiver. When analyzing the data on the amplitude and time of propagation, it becomes possible to determine the speed of sound in the interval between adjacent reflectors, which significantly increases the accuracy of level measurement. The method of tube length measurement is based on mathematical processing of the acoustic signal reflected from the open end of the tube and allows obtaining information about the length, diameter of the tube simultaneously. During practical tests a prototype of the device was created, which showed an error of liquid level measurement of 0.1%. In a tube length measuring mode an error on the tube length of 5 m made no more than 0.12%, an error of measurement of tube diameter equal to 110 mm made no more than 7%.
Numerical modeling of crack formation and propagation using contact elements
Authors: Lukashevich Anatoliy , Lukashevich Nadezhda
Published: February 2023

The work is devoted to modeling the process of formation, development and propagation of cracks. Currently, there is a large number of physical and mechanical-mathematical models describing the process of destruction of various materials. In addition to the fracture criteria, it is also important to correctly take into account changes in the rheology of the fractured material, including the contact interaction between the surfaces of cracks and fragments. This paper proposes a numerical approach to solving the problems of contact interaction and brittle fracture of elastically deformable bodies. Crack bank interactions, including frictional forces and contact pressures, is modeled by the means of frame-type contact finite elements (CFE) using a stepwise analysis method. Various contact conditions – separation, clutch, friction-sliding, as well as rheological properties of crack surfaces and fragments – contact layer pliability, adhesion strength, etc. are modeled with the help of CFE. The proposed approach was used in the numerical modeling of bone damage under the penetrating action of a rigid indenter. The conducted numerical studies have shown a good correspondence of the calculated and experimental results, despite the substantial approximation of the used calculation schemes.
Basic methods of developing an expert system to assess the efficiency of power supply networks
Authors: Krotova Svetlana , Remizova Irina , Ovchinnikova Elena , Ilin Aleksei , Kozhubaev Iurii
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the basic methods for developing an expert system to assess the efficiency of power supply networks. The existing expert systems and possibility of their use to assess the efficiency of power supply systems have been analyzed. Mathematical models for network expertise, in particular, methods of the theory of choice and decision making were described. Decision-making algorithm for power grid based on differential evolution method is considered. The algorithm to calculate the reduced costs in designing power supply networks, allowing to develop the optimal expert system for control and assessment of power supply network efficiency, has been obtained.
Precision technologies in pig farming
Authors: Komlatskiy Vasily , Smolkin Roman
Published: February 2023

The transition to digital, intelligent production technologies and robot-based systems is one of the priorities of the scientific and technological development of Russia. The extensive use of information technology and electronic automated systems is the basis of an intelligent manufacturing execution system that replaces a person, especially for objective and precise control over the quantity and quality of feed given to animals. Modern genetics has achieved a substantial increase in the number of piglets per litter, which does not allow a sow to fully meet their biological needs with her own milk. To preserve the health and high performance of all piglets born, effective and economically feasible methods and technologies are needed. The objective of the research was to analyze the efficiency of applying the components of precision pig farming in piglet feeding when using the feeding systems for suckling piglets CulinaCup and CulinaFlexpro. Their application has a positive effect on the growth and survival rate of suckling piglets due to proper and timely feeding. The systems meet all sanitary and hygienic standards and ensure efficient raising of piglets in large litters.
Land allocation problem in establishing boundaries of population centers
Authors: Radchevskiy Nicholas , Zaitseva Yanina , Tsoraeva Eleanor
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problems of the procedure for allotment of land plots from the lands of populated centers. Land plot allotment is one of the methods of land plot establishment, which is carried out only in case of allotment of a share from agricultural land that is in shared ownership, and the original land plot (from which the allotment is carried out) remains in the changed boundaries.
The effect of heat flow from friction forces on the surface of the billets
Authors: Shabalin Dmitriy , Kozar Ivan , Kudryavtsev Vladimir , Petrov Anton , Semochkin Egor
Published: February 2023

In modern mechanical engineering, technical ceramics is finding increasing use. It has unique anti-corrosion properties and resistance to high temperatures. In most cases, the processing modes and characteristics of abrasive (diamond) wheels are selected experimentally, since there is no modeling of processing processes in the public domain. The article presents an experimental study of the surface of dissimilar materials under the influence of heat flow from the friction force of grinding wheel grains. The comparison of calculated indicators and the results of laboratory studies is given. It is concluded that the heat flow from the friction forces of the grains on the material does not cause the destruction of the polished surface. It is also shown that the flow density due to varying modes of grinding
Data mining and forecasting of pavement strength depending on the composition of asphalt concrete mix
Authors: Vasiliev Yuri , Nikolaev Andrei , Fineeva Maria , Varshavskiy Sergey , Tsesar Alexey
Published: February 2023

The article substantiates the need for widespread introduction of computer technology and information systems in the mix production process at ACF and their quality control, which is determined by the presence of a significant number of control objects, a large array of monitored indicators, high labor and material costs of testing, low efficiency and quality of processing complex multidimensional data. It is proposed to use Data Mining methods for intelligent data analysis and prediction of pavement durability depending on the composition of asphalt mix which enable to solve the tasks of classification, regression, clustering and forecasting using artificial intelligence methods. The algorithm of intellectual data analysis and prediction of durability of the mix depending on its composition is offered and the actions at each its stage, using additional methods of data analysis, are described. The example of real raw data processing obtained from the quality control laboratory of one of the asphalt plants using Data Mining tools of STATISTICA package according to the developed algorithm is given. The prospects of using modern data processing technologies in the field of asphalt concrete quality control are evaluated. It is shown that to assess the quality of the mix and pavement durability, it is necessary to move to complex quality indicators, taking into account pavement operating conditions.
Electric bicycle as an ecological transport for the Russian countryside: realities and prospects
Authors: Orishev Aleksandr , Mamedov Azer , Kotusov Dmitry , Donskikh Kseniya
Published: February 2023

The article raises the question of the prospects of electric bicycles as one of the types of ecological transport. The aim of the study is to determine the attitude of Russian rural residents to electric bicycles as an environmentally friendly mode of transport and outline its prospects in rural areas. Using some scientific methods ( sociological survey of agricultural university students who have a rural area as their preferred place of residence; experiment to determine the possibilities of using an electric bicycle in rural areas; content analysis of marketplaces that sell electric bicycles), the authors come to the conclusion that in order for the electric bicycle to take its rightful place in the rural transport system and thereby contribute to improving the environmental situation, it is necessary to solve the social problems of Russian agriculture – and above all, to improve the standard of living of peasants. In addition, manufacturers should offer models specially designed for rural areas to the market, since many brands sold in Russia are insufficiently adapted for use in rural areas. The authors also believe that there is a need for social advertising of electric transport as well as educational activities that refute myths and stereotypes concerning electric bicycles.
Evaluation of user experience in the operation of electric vehicles in the Arctic regions
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey , Shvetsova Svetlana , Gromov Viktor
Published: February 2023

The availability of electric vehicle (EV) technology for users in various regions of the planet has increased significantly in recent years due to the reduction of their cost and the development of service infrastructure. Electric vehicles have traditionally focused on operation in temperate and warm climates, but gradually they are also beginning to be used in the northern and Arctic regions of the planet with a cold climate. One of the main keys to the success of electric vehicle technology in the northern and Arctic regions is an understanding of the user experience (UE) that arises in drivers when using EVs in the special climatic conditions of such regions. This article presents the results of an experimental assessment of UE users of battery electric vehicles in the northern and Arctic regions on the example of one of the largest Arctic regions of the planet – the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Development of the Northern Sea Route based on ESG principles
Authors: Smirnov Aleksey
Published: February 2023

The Northern Sea Route is the most important maritime logistics project. In the future, it should perform various, albeit interconnected, functions: transport support for extraction mineral resources in the Russian Arctic fields, transit communication between the ports of Europe and Asia, as well as the supply of cities and towns in the Arctic zone. At the same time, the future functioning of the Northern Sea Route should be based on the principles of ESG, aimed at minimizing environmental damage and rational use of labor resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the development of the Northern Sea Route based on the ESG concept and propose measures to improve the efficiency of its operation. These measures include the development of a GIS system for monitoring the state of the environment in the area of the Northern Sea Route, and in the future, the transfer of all vessels to the use of natural gas motor fuel; development of a unified information system for managing northern delivery, which ensures the optimization of cargo flows; creation at the federal level of a forecasting system and monitoring of cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route with a simultaneous strengthening of the responsibility of companies holding licenses for the extraction of minerals for the implementation of investment projects on time.
The development of logistics in the context of the knowledge economy: the current state and features of management
Authors: Schislyaeva Elena , Krasovskaya Inna , Palkina Elena , Plis Kristina
Published: February 2023

The article explores global trends and external socio-economic factors in the development and management of logistics; the peculiarities of the logistics of business entities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were studied; generalized technologies for the development of the knowledge economy: artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics, cloud computing, additive manufacturing, cybersecurity, augmented reality; the principles of the knowledge economy are interpreted, adapted to the peculiarities of the logistics activities of enterprises: interaction through the "Internet of things"; accumulation of information and creation of digital copies of objects; technical support and replacement of human resources in the performance of dangerous or routine operations; decentralization of management decisions, delegating them to cyber-physical systems; developed and proposed for use in domestic and international economic science are the directions of development and management of logistics: the approximation of production and economic activities to the consumer and the regression of costs; overcoming the insufficient loading of sea vessels in the container transportation segment and achieving cost savings when using large-sized vessels; greening of logistics processes and achieving their compliance with international standards; formation of electronic commerce; socio-economic growth of the regions, creation of conditions for sustainable development of human resources, acquisition of unique competencies by them that meet the scientific and technical requirements of the knowledge economy.
Maritime economy of the European Union and Russia
Authors: Kokh Larisa , Kokh Yuriy
Published: February 2023

Many countries see the maritime economy as new drivers of their socio-economic growth. However, it is quite difficult to estimate the impact of the maritime economy on the country's GDP. Firstly, this is due, to a different understanding of the structure of the maritime economy. Secondly, there is no single methodological approach in assessing the level of development of the maritime economy. Thirdly, the existing standards for the collection and processing of official statistics not allow for a reliable assessment of the size of the maritime economy. The article summarizes the available information on the impact of the maritime economy on the GDP of the different countries. The experience of the European Union in developing a unified methodological approach to determining the essence of the maritime economy and indicators of its assessment was studied. The analysis of the Russian maritime economy showed the following. The maritime economy is not considered as part of the national economy in Russia. It is almost impossible to assess the level of the maritime economy in Russia. The authors propose to use the concept of the maritime economy, adopted in the EU, to structure the activities related to the sea and quantify the level of their development. This will allow making a comparative analysis of the development of the maritime economy of Russia and European countries.
Interaction with technological platforms as part of the innovative development program
Authors: Sokolova Elena , Naumova Elena
Published: February 2023

The article covers the concept of technological platforms and the problems of their use. The authors study the results of the implementation of technological platforms in the Russian Federation and in the world market. The main objectives and the role of technological platforms in the innovative development of the Russian Federation are outlined. The authors substantiate that the potential of technology platforms in the Russian Federation is not fully used, while other elements of the Russian innovation infrastructure do not have a similar potential. The development of interaction with technological platforms is considered within the organization's innovative development program using the example of the Photonics technological platform, in which JSC “SSTC” is a participant. The statistical data characterizing the current state of the technological platform are given. Two main problems associated with the technological platforms functioning are identified - this is the lack of funding and insufficient staffing of innovative projects. The article provides the information about the creation of a consortium of leading universities of St. Petersburg that provide training and scientific developments in the shipbuilding industry. The article describes the main activities within the technological platforms "Photonics" for 2021 and some of the results of work for 2020. The main directions of further successful technological platforms development in the Russian Federation are indicated.
The economic mechanism of marketing activity management of food enterprises
Authors: Abuselidze George , Talavyria Mikola , Vyshnivska Bogdana , Bondarenko Larisa , Makedon Halyna , Kniazieva Tetiana , Salkova Irina
Published: February 2023

The consumer market, the production process is focused on the target group of end consumers, which contributes to a freer choice of the marketing strategy of the enterprise. It is proved that the economic mechanism of the formation of distribution systems of enterprises is a system of interaction of sets of factors of an economic and organizational nature, subjects of mediation of their actions and means of influence, taking into account signs of belonging to the internal or external environment, directly influencing or participating in the process of forming a distribution system of products. The optimal management system of a modern enterprise in the food market should be based on a symbiosis of marketing strategic and financial planning. This will allow solving simultaneously a number of tasks of the company's management, namely, adequate and prompt response to changes in the external environment. The authors have identified the means of influencing the formation of marketing, commercial and logistics components of enterprise product distribution systems can be quite deeply differentiated, because the practical implementation of management decisions requires the involvement of a wide range of production and sales tools, which means that they can be specified only for the conditions of a particular enterprise.
Achieving Sustainable Occupational Safety: Bridging Up Terminological Gaps
Authors: Chernousova Yuliana , Ayvazyan Nadezhda , Mosesova Milana
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of gaps in terminology in the language pair English- Russian thematically belonging to the sphere of occupational safety and health which derive from the differences in understanding the key concepts in two linguocultures. The authors believe that slow development of international cooperation in the sphere of occupational safety prevents the sustainable development of global economy as it hampers the exchange of experience and working out a common policy in dealing with occupational safety-related issues. On the material of thematic glossaries, standards of occupational safety and health in two languages the authors develop concept fields spotting terminological gaps and substantiating the causes of their existence, among which linguocultural factors are of primary importance. Further analysis aimed at the development of a bilingual occupational safety and health glossary will allow finding the most productive ways of interpreting the key terms in the languages under study, which will be beneficial both for the promotion of international cooperation in the sphere of occupational safety and health and sustainable development of global economy.
Embedding sustainability into English environment: a holistic approach
Authors: Rudenko Elena
Published: February 2023

The paper explores ways of increasing environmental awareness of students through incorporation of sustainability-related issues into a general English language course. We view language as a living system promoting life-sustaining relationships of humans with each other and with their natural environments. We hold the view that learning English as a foreign language holds powerful potential to promote the values of sustainable development, which should not be overlooked by English language teaching staff. The results of the study show that sustainability concerns are treated as discrete problems in textbooks and are often narrowed down to environmental issues, while social justice issues are left out of consideration. The percentage of units covering sustainability-related topics is considered unsatisfactory. According to the sentiment analysis conducted for textual material, the neutral sentiment is dominant, which can reduce the desired educational effect of sustainability-related texts. The author arrives at the conclusion that reconceptualization of the course framework is needed and presents practical suggestions aimed at developing a more holistic worldview and raising ecological awareness without fundamentally restructuring the whole textbook.
Characteristics and peculiarities of marketing and logistics in the management of small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Dimitrakieva S. , Demirova S. , Mehmedov M.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the costs of small and medium-sized businesses in the global economic conditions. The entire article is about examining and evaluating the processes of marketing and logistics management in small and medium-sized enterprises, determining the potential for marketing and logistics processes of these business entities and evaluating the degree of influence of your activity on the economic situation. The authors examine the key objectives of marketing and logistics in small and medium-sized enterprises and ways to promote the business inexpensively. Small and medium-sized companies play the role of the basis of the market economy, connecting all its links, but unfortunately, the activity of small and medium-sized businesses is associated with a number of problems that significantly complicate their activities. These problems are discussed in the article and the practice for solving them is indicated.
Personnel engagement based on quality standards requirements as a factor in modern organization development
Authors: Ilyukhina Larisa , Bogatyreva Irina
Published: February 2023

The article describes the main stages of the development and implementation of the process of engaging and improving the competence of employees as one of the principles of the quality management system by the example of a transport company. Based on the international standard ISO 10018:2014 "Quality Management. Guidelines for Employee Engagement and Competence" the strategic process of employee engagement and competence is considered. It was noted that often the engagement of employees is based on the stimulation of employees' work, which is not the main tool of their interest and retention. It is necessary to move to a new level of work with personnel, to create conditions for their involvement, to qualitatively improve this process. The importance of employees' labor assessment, improvement of their qualification and development for the growth of employees' performance and competitiveness growth of the transport company as a whole was determined. The role of managers and their leadership qualities in the implementation of the personnel engagement system has been determined.
Human capital competitiveness management as a resource for sustainable development
Authors: Markaryan Julia , Mezinova Inga
Published: February 2023

The gradual transformation of the higher education system that has been observed over the past few decades, especially against the backdrop of the challenges of the 2020 pandemic, has actualized the need to study the causes underlying it. The study of the education industry as one of the elements of the division of labor showed that the main drivers of the process are, on the one hand, the employers' market, which demands from modern workers high adaptability and the ability to switch between spheres of activity, and on the other, the labor market itself, which is subject to deepening automation while maintaining and, in many countries, increasing the proportion of the older population. Intensive global socio-cultural changes are leading to a revision of existing educational systems and their global transformation. Humanity uses education as the main social mechanism to purposefully influence the course of its development. The formation of human capital for sustainable development is one of the priorities of the future, transforming the modern education system, changing its goals, content, forms and methods of teaching.
Epidemiological clustering of Russian regions for the socio-economic forecast of Covid-19 rates
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna , Senko Oleg , Voronin Evgene , Kravtsova Olga , Kuznetsova Yuliana , Borisova Ludmila , Zhukova Galina , Khrapunova Izabella , Akimkin Vasily
Published: February 2023

The paper analyzes 3 clusters that differ in the growth rate of Covid-19 from the point of view of the socio-economic structure of the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, the database also contains clinical indicators characterizing morbidity in the regions, indicators of nosocomial infection, investment parameters and the state of the transport system. Cluster analysis methods was carried out to identify the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of regions. The first cluster is more densely populated, and the regions assigned to the second cluster are removed from each other. Perhaps for this reason, the indicators of the transport system turned out to be less important than socio-economic ones for the spread of infection. The analysis was carried out using machine learning methods based on original methods of optimally reliable partitions and statistically weighted syndromes. The results of comparing the dynamics of Covid-19 spread in clusters 1 and 3, 2 and 3 strongly indicate the importance of studying traffic flows, especially in cities with high population density. The mathematical methods used are an effective tool for the purposes of not only epidemiological analysis, but also for a systematic analysis of the functioning of the socio-economic activity of the population of interacting regions, as well as the role of transport in this process.
Some theoretical and practical aspects of the banking credit contract exercise in the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation
Authors: Kalin Vitaliy
Published: February 2023

The article presents the main aspects of the banking credit contract exercise in Moldova and Russia. Author highlights the importance of the regulation of credit law, including the regulation of bank lending, drawing on the experience of countries that have incorporated such legal structures into national legislation, doctrinal findings and challenges and expectations of modern economic processes.
Features of the security deposit and its impact on sustainable development of economic systems
Authors: Nurzhanova Gulmira , Myssirov Galym , Zakharova Olga , Butova Tatiana , Yessymkhanova Zeinegul , Niyazbekova Shakizada
Published: February 2023

The demand for sustainable insurance activities is growing. What could this mean for the future of the insurance business ? This is at the heart of the idea of insurance, and it is necessary to innovate with new products, such as sustainable deposits, which help direct funds to where it is most important for sustainable development. Currently, in the world, the growth rate of leasing different types of vehicles is increasing, For this purpose, the owners of vehicles leasing them need to reduce financial and operational risks. In reducing the risk of leasing vehicles, opening a security deposit for the period of vehicle rental is a positive way out. In this article, we looked at some of the features of a security deposit for a vehicle rental period, depending on the size of the security deposit, the class of vehicle, rental period, and more. Also, considered the risk situations when operating a rental vehicle.
Influence of Covid 19 pandemic on intercultural communication and dialogue
Authors: Gaurav Sharma
Published: February 2023

Researchers researching the theme of intercultural communication and dialogue must re-examine a lot of objectives for the re-enlightenment of intercultural relations due to the impact of Covid 19 pandemic, which has distressed human interaction and social cultural contexts. This research focuses on the concept of intercultural communication and dialogue and its connectivity to humans internationally. This Paper reveals the complication of physical contact, impact of the pandemic, human suffering, hybrid education, social disruption, and social inequality. This Paper also brings SWOT analysis which unfolds weaknesses and threats to work on, with the help of strengths and opportunities. This paper also addresses the impact of intercultural communication and dialogues in the area of values, beliefs, conflict, stereotypes, languages, verbal and non-verbal communication, spoken and written language, relationships and interactions between people and society. This paper also highlights the influence of digitalization on society globally during the Covid-19 pandemic. All areas are specifically addressed to overcome all challenges mentioned in this paper for understanding the dimensions of cross-cultural cooperation and communication.
Teaching English for specific purposes at Russian universities: problems teachers have to cope with
Authors: Monakhova Elena , Yurieva Elena
Published: February 2023

Any university performance is assessed according to the job placement of its graduates who according to the Russian Federal Educational Standard of higher vocational education must acquire professional skills as well as skills of using Russian and foreign sources of information and being active representatives of domestic companies in business dealings with their overseas partners. Thus, in comparison with English for general purposes taught at Russian schools, students at non-linguistic universities learn English for specific purposes. Since an ESP course is a very demanding one, the paper deals with the main challenges ESP teachers cope with.
Functioning of shoe production facilities based on automated control systems
Authors: Golubeva Olesya , Pogorelova Alina , Kreinin Vyacheslav , Dimitrov Valery
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the application of automated control systems in production. The review of existing management systems in the domestic market in various areas and directions is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of popular control systems are also analyzed. The dynamics of the impact of the use of automated systems on the activities of enterprises from the point of view of management and economics is estimated. The result of this study is a conclusion about the necessity and inevitability of industrial automation.
Systematization of requirements for air conditioning systems for the development of optimization and evaluation criteria
Authors: Gurova Oksana , Tkacheva Yuliya
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the first stage of the formation of optimization criteria and the choice of the design of air conditioning systems. The purpose of this work was to build a classification scheme of the requirements for the microclimate of air conditioned premises and air conditioning systems (ACS), as well as grouping the parameters of ACS functioning according to certain characteristics. The object of research is air conditioning systems. The subject of the research is the requirements for the ACS and the indoor climate they create, as well as the parameters and characteristics corresponding to the requirements.
Application of LEED green rating systems in infrastructure of airport complexes
Authors: Shushunova Natalia , Lisienkova Liubov , Mitrofanova Irina , Karimova Rimma
Published: February 2023

The main trends in the development of airport complexes in the international transport system includegrowingeco-movement and measures to reduce harmful emissions and greening their infrastructure. There are modern green rating systems for certification of green buildings and constructive objects, which equally impose requirements on the transport system. Along with them, there is anAirport Carbon Accreditation Programfocused only on airport complexes. It contains 6 levels and aims to minimize the negative impact of airport complexes, reducing the carbon footprint. This factor, according to scientists, is the root cause of global climate change. In addition to reducing emissions, measures are being taken to switch to renewable energy sources. This is very important because the energy and water consumption of this infrastructure is high.
Methodological tools for calculating the cadastral value based on the corrected effective age of the capital construction object
Authors: Gubanishcheva Maria , Sementsov Nikita
Published: February 2023

The authors consider the cadastral valuation system in the Russian Federation. There is a variety of studies, but there is an active contestation of the results of the cadastral assessment, which leads to citizens' dissatisfaction with the overestimated tax burden, as well as unstable budget planning in terms of tax collection due to biased cost indicators. In this connection, the category "disproportion" has been clarified in the context of the assessment of the cadastral value, which affects the formation of the tax base for real estate objects. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological tools to calculate the cadastral value, taking into account the adjusted effective age of a capital construction facility. The cost of a constructed building and the cost of a building that underwent overhaul or reconstruction in the same year are not equivalent to each other, because repair and restoration work reduces wear and tear only partially. The use of tools that shows the difference between the year of construction and the year of reconstruction or overhaul as a whole makes it possible not only to reduce the information imbalance in determining the cadastral value, but also the methodological disproportion in relation to the use of such a pricing factor as “the date of the overhaul (reconstruction) ", because the regions do not have a unified position in practice. Also, the use of the parameter "effective age" allows you to reasonably apply the methods of income, cost and comparative approaches.
The main aspects of disproportions in determining the cadastral value of real estate objects
Authors: Gubanishcheva Maria , Mokshin Dmitriy , Maratkanova Irina
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes disproportions in determining the cadastral value of real estate objects. The authors present a term "disproportion" from a position of determining cadastral value, which leads to distortion of the results of state cadastral appraisal and is caused by informational, organizational, methodological and territorial aspects. As an example, an analysis of capital construction projects was carried out, resulting in inconsistencies identified in data in relation to a list of objects. Cadastral value calculations allowed us to conclude that the degree of availability and reliability of initial information concerning the characteristics of objects for assessment has a significant impact on results of state.
The beginning of virgin lands development in Pavlodar region (in 1954)
Authors: Alimbaev Turgai , Beksultanova Chinara , Mazhitova Zhanna , Choybekova Gulzhamal , Zhunushalieva Gulsunkan , Tentigul kyzy Nazira
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the initial stage of the virgin and fallow lands development in Pavlodar region. The authors elaborated on the climatic features of the region, noting that this territory was characterized by complex natural and climatic zones and had huge deposits of minerals. The climate in north-eastern Kazakhstan was sharply continental, arid, and the soils were mostly unsuitable for farming, so the cultivation of grain crops was fraught with huge risks and difficulties. The authors conclude that, despite the natural, climatic and other difficulties encountered, the virgin land development activities were completed successfully and in the first years the sown area of grain crops in the Pavlodar region was significantly increased.
Remote sensing data for monitoring water mirror of lake ecosystems
Authors: Ufimtseva Marina , Kuznetsov Semen
Published: February 2023

The paper describes the methodology of using remote sensing data and obtains results that enable to assess the condition of lake ecosystems, the impact of climate and human activity on them. The lakes of the Uporovsky district during the study period of observation decreased the total area of the water mirror by 2.78 km2. Water mirror was caused by intensive overgrowth of hydrophytes and evaporation associated with the increase in the sum of average temperatures by 80°С in the period from 2011 to 2022. This study may be useful for understanding the complex hydrological impacts due to climate/land use change for management decisions on a regional scale.
Spontane intrakranielle Hypotension
Authors: Albes Guido
Published: February 2023

Die spontane intrakranielle Hypotension ist Folge eines spinalen Liquorverlustes und geht meist mit einem orthostatischen Kopfschmerz einher. Für die Diagnostik gibt es keine einheitlichen Parameter, anhand bildmorphologischer Zeichen kann die SIH in der kranialen MRT vermutet werden und ist dann mittels einer Bildgebung der Wirbelsäule direkt nachzuweisen.
Ja zur Geburtshilfe – aber nicht unter ärztlicher
Leitung: Ein Discrete Choice Experiment zur Analyse der Jobpräferenzen
von Hebammen in Deutschland
Authors: Petry Hannah , Hagist Christian , Rheindorf Jessica
Published: February 2023

Zielsetzung Der Hebammenmangel in Deutschland führt zu
Engpässen in der geburtshilflichen Versorgung, zumal weniger als die
Hälfte der Hebammen Geburtshilfe anbieten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die
Ermittlung der Jobpräferenzen von Hebammen, um zielgruppengerechte
Reformvorschläge zu entwickeln.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer Online-Befragung wurde ein Discrete Choice
Experiment mit 415 Hebammen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Mit einer relativen Gewichtung von über 50% ist
die Geburtshilfe für die Teilnehmerinnen der wichtigste Teilaspekt ihres
Berufs – unabhängig davon, ob sie zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung
selbst in der Geburtshilfe tätig waren. Es gibt eine starke
Präferenz für eine Tätigkeit in der Geburtshilfe und
insbesondere auch im Krankenhausumfeld. Jedoch wird es deutlich abgelehnt, unter
ärztlicher Leitung zu arbeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Der hebammengeführte Kreißsaal ist das
bevorzugte Arbeitsmodell. Sollen bereits ausgebildete Hebammen wieder
für die Geburtshilfe gewonnen werden, erscheinen Selbstverantwortung und
eine bessere Bezahlung als gezielte Hebel hierfür.
Osteoporose Update
Authors: Thomasius Friederike
Published: February 2023

In den vergangenen zwei Jahren wurden im Osteoporose Update Themen der
Leitlinienaktualisierung vorgestellt, diese waren im Einzelnen:

Heft 1 2021 Risikofaktoren Wirbelkörperfrakturen, non vertebrale Frakturen
und imminentes Frakturrisiko
Einführung von CDK4/6-Hemmern und deren Auswirkung auf die Behandlungslandschaft bei Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs im fortgeschrittenen Stadium – Real-World-Daten aus dem PRAEGNANT-Register
Authors: Engler Tobias , Fasching Peter A. , Lüftner Diana , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Häberle Lothar , Ettl Johannes , Wallwiener Markus , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hein Alexander , Belleville Erik , Uhrig Sabrina , Wimberger Pauline , Hielscher Carsten , Kurbacher Christian M. , Wuerstlein Rachel , Untch Michael , Taran Florin-Andrei , Enzinger Hans-Martin , Krabisch Petra , Welslau Manfred , Maasberg Michael , Hempel Dirk , Lux Michael P. , Michel Laura L. , Janni Wolfgang , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Umfangreiche Daten aus prospektiven klinischen Studien liefern einen hohen Evidenzgrad für den Einsatz von CDK4/6-Hemmern in Kombination mit einer endokrinen Therapie (CDK4/6i + ET) als Standard bei der First-Line-Behandlung von metastatischem HER2-negativen hormonrezeptorpositiven (HER2−/HR+) Brustkrebs. Reale Daten von Patientinnengruppen, die damit in der Praxis behandelt wurden, liefern Erkenntnisse über Veränderungen von Patientenmerkmalen und Prognosen im Laufe der Zeit.

Methoden Die Daten wurden dem prospektiven praxisbezogenen PRAEGNANT-Register (NCT02 338 167) entnommen. Die eingeschlossenen Patientinnen hatten fortgeschrittenen primären und metastasierten HER2−/HR+ Brustkrebs. Die gewählten Therapien, das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben der jeweiligen Therapie sowie die Zeitspanne, während der die Behandlung erfolgte, werden dargelegt.

Ergebnisse Nachdem CDK4/6-Hemmer erstmals im November 2016 eingesetzt wurden, stieg die Häufigkeit ihres Einsatzes schnell an. In den letzten Jahren (2018–2022) wurden ca. 70–80 % aller Patientinnengruppen mit CDK4/6-Hemmern behandelt; eine endokrine Monotherapie wurde rund 10 % und eine Chemotherapie ungefähr 15 % aller Patientinnen verabreicht. Die schlechteste Prognose hatten Patientinnen, die eine Chemotherapie erhielten. Seit Kurzem erhalten hauptsächlich Patientinnen mit guter Prognose eine endokrine Monotherapie; Patientinnen, die eine Chemotherapie erhalten, haben eine ungünstigere Prognose. Das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben von mit CDK4/6i + ET behandelten Patientinnen blieb über einen längeren Zeitraum ähnlich, obwohl sich die Patientenmerkmale änderten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung mit CDK4/6i + ET entwickelte sich rasch zum First-Line-Therapiestandard für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom. Seit der Einführung von CDK4/6i + ET wird die endokrine Monotherapie nur bei Patientinnen mit einer sehr günstigen Prognose eingesetzt, während Chemotherapie meist nur an Patientinnen verabreicht wird, die eine eher ungünstige Prognose haben. Veränderungen der Patientenmerkmale scheinen die Prognose von mit CDK4/6i + ET behandelten Patientinnen nicht zu beeinflussen.
AGO-Empfehlungen zur operativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms: Update 2022
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Thill Marc , Kühn Thorsten , Ditsch Nina , Heil Jörg , Wöckel Achim , Fallenberg Eva , Friedrich Michael , Kümmel Sherko , Müller Volkmar , Janni Wolfgang , Albert Ute-Susann , Bauerfeind Ingo , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Budach Wilfried , Dall Peter , Fasching Peter , Fehm Tanja , Gluz Oleg , Harbeck Nadia , Huober Jens , Jackisch Christian , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Kreipe Hans H. , Krug David , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael Patrick , Maass Nicolai , Mundhenke Christoph , Nitz Ulrike , Park-Simon Tjoung Won , Reimer Toralf , Rhiem Kerstin , Rody Achim , Schmidt Marcus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Sinn H. Peter , Solbach Christine , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Stickeler Elmar , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Witzel Isabell , Gerber Bernd
Published: February 2023

Die Empfehlungen der AGO-Kommission Mamma zur operativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms wurden zuletzt im März 2022 aktualisiert (www.ago-online.de). Da die operative Therapie einen von mehreren Teilschritten bei der Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms darstellt, sind eine umfangreiche diagnostische und onkologische Expertise eines Brustoperateurs und eine gute interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit den diagnostischen Radiologen von großer Bedeutung. Die wichtigsten Änderungen betreffen die Lokalisationstechniken, die Resektionsränder, das axilläre Management im neoadjuvanten Setting und die Bewertung der Netze in der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie. Aufgrund von Metanaanalysen randomisierter Studien wurde der Empfehlungsgrad der intraoperativen Mammasonografie zur Lokalisation nicht palpabler Befunde auf „++“ erhöht. Somit wird die Technik als gleichwertig zur Drahtlokalisation angesehen, vorausgesetzt, es handelt sich um eine sonografisch gut darstellbare Läsion, der Operateur verfügt über umfangreiche Kenntnisse in der Mammasonografie und hat Zugang zu einem geeigneten Ultraschallgerät während der Operation. Beim invasiven Mammakarzinom wird das Erreichen von negativen Resektionsrändern („no tumor on ink“) angestrebt, unabhängig davon, ob eine extensive intraduktale Komponente vorliegt oder nicht. Onkoplastische Operationen können durch die Vielzahl der existierenden Techniken in ausgewählten Fällen auch eine Mastektomie ersetzen und sind im Vergleich zu einer regulären Segmentresektion hinsichtlich der onkologischen Sicherheit bei vergleichbaren Komplikationsraten gleichwertig. Patientinnen mit cN0-Status, die eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie erhalten, wird eine Sentinel-Node-Exzision nach Abschluss der Chemotherapie empfohlen. Bei initial suspekten Lymphknoten wird die minimalinvasive Sicherung empfohlen. Nach der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie stehen Patientinnen mit initial 1–3 suspekten Lymphknoten und gutem Ansprechen (ycN0) die „Targeted axillary Dissection“ und die Axilladissektion als gleichwertige Optionen zur Verfügung.