bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and Effectivity of Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) in the Management of Acute Empyema Thoracis – A Prospective Study
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Anamul , Mia Md Mofizur Rahman , Sarkar Nirmal Kanti , Rasha Sheikh Md Zakirullah
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Empyema thoracis is a condition in which pus and fluid from infected tissue collects in the pleural cavity. The optimal treatment of empyema thoracis, especially in the acute condition remains controversial, whether to go for a non-operative approach (antibiotics and chest tube drainage) or an early operative regimen, VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery). The study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of VATS in the treatment of acute empyema thoracis.
Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative study between two methods of treatment i.e., chest tube insertion and VATS as primary intervention in the acute empyema thoracis. Each group consisted of 40 patients who were diagnosed as acute empyema thoracis during the period of January 2021 and June 2022. The duration of chest tube in-situ, hospital stay, cost, complications, success and outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results: It was found that VATS was better than the conventional chest tube insertion in terms of the mean duration of hospital stay (16.05 ± 3.58 vs 25.78 ± 4.04 days), mean duration of the chest tube in-situ (8.23 ± 2.09 vs 17.18 ± 3.30 days), mean cost of the treatment (Taka 12962.50 ± 1469.29 vs 19175.00 ± 1443.60), complications (42.5% vs 77.5%) and success rate (80% vs 45%). There was no death in any group.             
Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is feasible and effective in the management of acute empyema thoracis.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 223-229
Red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as predictors of outcome in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Saha Dipanwita , Sutradhar Probir Kumar , Alam Md Shafiul , Islam Fahmida , Saha Anita , Fatema Kaniz , Hassan Md Shariful , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis is a commonly encountered emergency in children. It has always been tough to predict accurately among the patients who will become systemically unwell. Simple prognostic markers, such as red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), could identify such patients. This study was done to assess the usefulness of those markers.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2020 at department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, BSMMU, Dhaka. Thirty-one children with abdominal pain diagnosed as acute pancreatitis were included by purposive sampling in the study.
RESULTS
The mean age of the pediatric patients was 11.19 (±3.45) years. The mean red cell distribution width was 14.99 (±2.96) and mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 4.49 (±3.99). Total thirty patients (97%) were recovered and one patient (3%) died in hospital stay. Thirteen patients (41.9%) developed complications among which ascites was more common (12, 38.7%). NLR> 5 was observed in higher proportion in the study subjects with complications (46.2%) than without complications (16.7%) without any statistically significant difference. RDW ≥14 was found in 53.8% study subjects with complications and 50% without complications. However, no statistically significant difference was found. Length of hospital stay was longer in patients with NLR >5 than with NLR ≤5. RDW <14 was associated with longer hospital stay than RDW ≥14. There was no statistically significant difference. 
CONCLUSION
It was found that elevated RDW and NLR on admission had unfavorable clinical outcomes for pediatric patients with acute pancreatitis although statistical significance could not be established. Further multicenter studies with larger sample size are required for making some clinically applicable inference.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 259-264
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sadat S M Anwar , Kuasha Munira Zebin , Fidda Mahfuza Al , Rashid Sanjeed Refai
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) of patients attending at a tertiary care centre in Bangladesh.
Material and method: All the patients with histopathologically confirmed OSCC attending at hospital within 3 months of time period were included and the sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics were reviewed.
Results: A total of 62 cases of OSCC were reviewed. Male female ratio is 1:1.6. Age of the patients was from 26 years to 75 years with average age 53 years. Average duration of complaint reported by the patients before diagnosis was 3 months. Site distribution showed 35% cases in gingivobuccal sulcus and 24% cases in buccal mucosa. 75% ulcers were exophytic variant. 87% of patients had the habit of betel quid chewing and 4% patients had the habit of both betel quid chewing and smoking. Positive family history was found in 4% cases. Poor oral hygiene was seen in 80% patients. Trismus was found in 33% cases. Assessment of nutritional status showed that 75% of the affected individuals were malnourished. Associated Oral Potentially Malignant Disease (OPMD) were seen in 4% of cases and 2nd primary lesion was found in 4% cases. 27% of patients with OSCC had advanced disease (Stage IV) and 75% of the cases were well differentiated histologically.
Conclusion: The present data reflect sociodemographic as well as clinicopathologic characteristics of OSCC among the patients admitted at tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. This study has highlighted at the epidemiological factors, associated risk factors and clinical presentation of OSCC.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 253-258
Preoperative single dose versus conventional antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Kamal Mohammad Shah , Hafiz Md Abdul , Hossan Md Mosarraf , Islam Md Saiful , Biswas Supran
Published: July 2024

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most frequent type of Health care-associated infections (HAI) in low- and middle-income countries and affects up to one-third of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure. SSI incidence is the second most frequent type of HAI in Europe and the United States of America.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the frequency of SSIs after thyroid surgeries with preoperative single dose antibiotic and conventional multi doses prophylaxis antibiotic regimens.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 2020 to March 2021. Eighty-four patients who underwent elective thyroid surgery were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 42 each. They received either a single dose preoperative injectable antibiotic or a conventional antibiotic regimen for seven days.  Patients were followed up till the 30th post-operative day to assess postoperative SSI and other complications.
Results: The majority of the patients were female (90%) and in the age group of 30 to 39 years (33%). Both groups were similar in terms of their demographic characteristics. The most common indication of the surgery was nodular goiter and most of the patients underwent hemithyroidectomy. The mean duration of operation was 120 minutes. No SSI or other major complications were observed in this study.
Conclusion: Preoperative single-dose antibiotic is comparable to conventional multi-dose prophylaxis antibiotic regimens in elective thyroid surgery.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 247-252
Self-expandable metallic stenting for advanced GI Tract Malignancy: An effective palliation to relieve obstructions
Authors: Mazumder Suzon Kumar , Das Chittaranjan , Bhuiyan Abul Kheire Mohammad Minhaj Uddin , Bardhan Sushmita , Shakir Washif , Rahman Mohammed Ashrafur
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Palliative stenting for relieving malignant obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract is routinely practiced in western world. Obstructing advanced GI malignancy requires bypass or exteriorization of proximal gut before NACT or as a bridge to definite surgery. The aim of the study was to review the experience at tertiary cancer hospital and short-term outcome with endoscopic stenting in lieu of palliative bypass surgery for advanced and obstructing GI malignancy.
Materials and Methods: This observation study was carried out in the surgical out-patient department of NICRH where all therapeutic endoscopic facilities were available. All patients treated with stenting in a 2 years period from 2018-2020 were studied. 
Results: Fifty-six patients received 60 stents. No case of perforation occurred. In fifteen cases (26.78%) clogging with food occurred; in 5 cases (8.92%) displacement occur. Tumour overgrowth was noted in 7 (12.66%) cases. Four patients (6.72%) received a second stent. Mean survival of patients with esophageal stent was 221 days. Four patients received 4 stents in their colon or rectum. The stents were placed in the sigmoid (n=2), the descending colon (n=1), and the transverse colon (n=1). Mean survival of colonic stent patients was 331 days. No perforation, no clogging by stool and no tumour ingrowth among patients with colonic stent but one (25%) had displacement. Eighteen patients received a total of 18 stents because of obstructing stomach cancer. 12 (61.22%) patients had tumour at cardia. Mean survival after gastric stent placement was 176 days. There was no perforation, one case of clogging (8.33%), and two cases of tumour ingrowth (16.66%). 5 patients underwent duodenal stenting. Remaining one at Billroth II anastomotic site. Single patients (20%) required laparotomy and stent extraction due to duodenal stent migration. Mean survival after duodenal stent placement was 242 days. No perforation, no clogging and no tumour ingrowth.
Conclusions: The present series shows that placement of expandable metallic stents in the obstructing GI tract malignancy as an alternative to bypass surgery is safe, cost effective, low complications, short hospital stay and provides good palliation.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 241-246
Coastal Farmers’ Attitude Towards Climate Smart Agriculture In Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Md Abu Touhid , Islam Md Rafiquel , Ali Md Sekender , Roy Ranjan
Published: July 2024

Climate smart agriculture (CSA) aims to improve food security, help communities adapt to climate change and contribute to climate change mitigation by adopting appropriate practices. Attitude is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour. Therefore, this study aims to assess the extent of attitude of farmers toward CSA and explore the contributions of the selected characteristics of the coastal farmers to their attitude. Data were collected by using an interview schedule from 354 coastal farmers of 3 districts namely, Satkhira, Khulna and Bagerhat through Multistage Random Sampling Method during December 2021 to March 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. To explore the contribution of the predictor variables to the outcome variables, full model regression analysis was employed. Results indicate that the highest proportion (61.01%) of the farmers had medium favourable attitude towards CSA as compared to 18.65% and 20.34% having low favourable and high favourable attitude towards CSA respectively. Farmers’ education, annual agricultural income, training exposure, benefit obtained from CSA and knowledge on CSA had positive significant contributions to their attitude toward CSA. On the other hand, farm size and decision-making ability had negative contributions to their attitude toward CSA. For wider adoption of CSA may require farmers’ capacity building through non-formal education, more exposure to training and proper knowledge.
SAARC J. Agric., 22(1): 243-255 (2024)
Performance Evaluation Of Self-propelled Rice Transplanter For Impact Study On Rice Cultivation
Authors: Deres A , Katahira M
Published: July 2024

Rice is cultivated through mechanical transplanting or direct seeding methods worldwide. Our investigation focused on evaluating the performance of mechanical transplanting and surveying yield, and yield components. The study was conducted at the Yamagata University Faculty of Agriculture at the Takasaka Farm. A Kubota (NSU-87) transplanter with ‘Heanuki’ rice seedlings was used. We evaluated the performance of the transplanter by the ratio of the effective field capacity (hah-1) to the theoretical field capacity (hah-1). The average field capacity and efficiency of the eight rows of self-propelled paddy transplanter was 0.184 ha/h and 76.6%, respectively, with an area of 0.024 ha at an average operating speed of 1 km/h. The average planting depth (30.36 mm), number of seedlings per hill (3.66), number of seedlings per square meter (102.16), and hill-to-hill distance (15.09 cm) were surveyed and measured. The average grain yield (5.5 tons/ha) was calculated. The average values of (411.2) panicles per square meter, (68.4) grains per panicle, (89.6) percent of filled grains, and (22.25) 1,000-grain weight were obtained. Kubota type (NSU-87) transplanter was satisfactory, at the parameters of fieldwork capacity, fieldwork accuracy, grain yield, and yield components. A self-propelled transplanter is essential for rice cultivation, and it is recommended for saving the amount of seed, ease (weed control and field monitoring), easy operation system, and better crop stand establishment.
SAARC J. Agric., 22(1): 153-167 (2024)
Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Filho Erivan Gomes de , Gimenes Fabielle Costa , Félix José Lucas dos Santos , Silva Rosenildo Souza da , Silva Thallys Galvão da , Correia Daniela Soares de Bessa
Published: July 2024

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é de origem biológica sendo de influências ambientais, caracterizado como um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento que está relacionado à déficits de comunicação, presença de padrões estereotipados, de comportamentos repetitivos, interesse por atividades específicas e dificuldade nas interações sociais. Objetivo: Evidenciar a atuação de enfermagem frente ao paciente portador de TEA. Metodologia: O presente estudo se refere a uma revisão sistemática de literatura elaborada em conformidade com as oito etapas. Esse método é norteado por meio do checklist preconizado pelo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Na primeira busca, na primeira busca foram selecionados 13 artigos e, na segunda, mais 7 trabalhos para compor essa pesquisa. Com a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo: texto completo; recorte temporal dos últimos 5 anos; idiomas em português e espanhol; que sejam relevantes ao tema. Resultados: o TEA acomete em média 62/10.000 pessoas, com predominância quatros vezes maior em meninos. No Brasil ainda não há dados estatísticos oficiais sobre sua incidência. No entanto, sabe-se que aproximadamente 10% a 20% das crianças e adolescentes são acometidos por algum tipo de transtorno mental, 4% desse público necessita cuidados multiprofissionais intensivos. Sendo diagnosticado por meio de observação clínica, levando-se em consideração os relatos dos cuidadores e familiares que estão em maior contato com o indivíduo.
Caracterização dos fatores clínico-epidemiológicos e das comorbidades neurológicas em pessoas com Epilepsia: Um estudo transversal no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos Clauhan Williams Soares dos , Araújo Rodrigo André de Souza , Ramos Alana Soares , Andrade Clênia Leite , Santana Hanna Priscila Rodrigues de , Leão Vítor Caron de Souza , Medeiros Fabíola Lys de
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica crônica que cursa com comorbidades neuropsiquiátricas agravando ainda mais a morbidade e mortalidade de pessoas com epilepsia. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico epidemiológico de pacientes com epilepsia correlacionando com as comorbidades associadas. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal do tipo analítico. Resultados: Foram analisados 220 prontuários. A idade média da primeira crise foi de 6,6 anos, com predomínio de epilepsia focal (lobo temporal). As alterações focais no exame de neuroimagem ocorreram em 42,2%, assim como as alterações focais no exame do eletroencefalograma em 48,5%. Quanto às comorbidades, 20,8% da população estudada apresenta algum tipo de transtorno do sono. O Déficit intelectual ocorreu em 53,5% (24,9%, nível moderado).  As cefaleias em 30,6%. Alterações do comportamento presentes em 20,8% e o Transtorno do espectro Autista em 4,1%. Houve relevâncias estatísticas entre epilepsia de lobo temporal e transtorno do sono, cefaleia e epilepsia parietal, politerapia farmacológica com pior controle de crises e DI. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de epilepsia do lobo temporal foi o mais prevalente. Quanto as etiologias, houve uma relação com explicação congruente, da epilepsia focal com etiologia estrutural, da epilepsia generalizada com etiologia genética, e da epilepsia desconhecida com a etiologia desconhecida.  As epilepsias focais apresentaram correlação com eletroencefalogramas com alterações focais, assim como a neuroimagem. A alta prevalência de comorbidades neuropsiquiátricas com relação bidirecional e fatores de riscos compartilhados com a doença de base, contrastando com a visão antiga de que estas comorbidades eram decorrentes do efeito das crises epilépticas.
Teste da Linguinha: Importância para diagnóstico e intervenção precoce da anquiloglossia
Authors: Camargo Daniela Albiero de , Papa Danieli Silva , Silva Heloísa Cogo da , Borgato Gabriell Bonifacio , Carneiro Diego Patrik Alves
Published: July 2024

A anquiloglossia é uma condição congênita caracterizada pela presença de uma prega de tecido que limita o movimento da língua, podendo afetar funções como a fala, a alimentação e a higiene bucal. Seu diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para garantir um desenvolvimento adequado da fala e da alimentação, prevenindo complicações futuras e promovendo uma melhor qualidade de vida. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir a importância do Teste da Linguinha na identificação da anquiloglossia e sua relevância para a intervenção precoce. Para tal, uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de artigos Scholar Academic e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), através do cruzamento de palavras-chave: anquiloglossia, diagnóstico, tratamento e nutrição. Os critérios de inclusão: estudos epidemiológicos em geral, revisões de literatura, publicados nos últimos 10 anos em português ou inglês e disponíveis para download. Também foram incluídas leis, decretos, notas técnicas e resoluções brasileiras relevantes. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos laboratoriais, dissertações e teses, cartas ao editor e resumos de congressos. Após as etapas de seleção e análise, foram considerados para a presente revisão da literatura 18 artigos. O Teste da Linguinha,  é um exame simples e eficiente que permite a identificação precoce da anquiloglossia ainda na maternidade. O presente estudo evidenciou que o Teste da Linguinha é uma ferramenta crucial para a identificação precoce da anquiloglossia. Essa prática, junto com intervenções apropriadas, podem mitigar significativamente os impactos negativos da condição sobre a saúde do bebê, incluindo-se a nutrição, promovendo um desenvolvimento mais natural e sem complicações.
O tempo de tela na infância e suas implicações para a saúde física e mental: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Chaves Bárbara Santos , Castro ⁠Cássia Francisca Silva de , Azevedo Isadora Ferreira Souza de , Negreiros Ívina Lorena Gê , Rêgo ⁠Maria Gabrielle Correia
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A internet tornou a tecnologia onipresente. Crianças têm acesso crescente às telas, podendo afetar seu desenvolvimento físico, mental e emocional. O tempo excessivo de tela está relacionado ao sedentarismo, distúrbios do sono e dependência digital. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar e avaliar de forma criteriosa as publicações e evidências científicas relacionadas ao tempo de tela na infância e suas implicações para a saúde física e mental do indivíduo. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a questão norteadora: “Quais são as implicações do tempo de tela na infância para a saúde física e mental das crianças?”. Os dados foram coletados nas bases PubMed, Scielo e Sciencedirect, utilizando os descritores: "tempo de tela", "infância" e "saúde mental". Resultados: Analisou-se o impacto do tempo de tela na saúde das crianças, reunindo 20 artigos de diversos países. Desvantagens incluem atrasos cognitivos, problemas de concentração e comportamento, e excesso de peso. Vantagens destacam estímulos na linguagem e melhoria de sintomas comportamentais com conteúdo educativo. Mediação parental é crucial para minimizar efeitos negativos. Discussão: Mais de 45% das crianças ultrapassam o tempo de tela recomendado pela OMS, afetando vocabulário, interação social e sono. Entretanto, a cognição, linguagem e desenvolvimento motor fino podem ser beneficiados pelo uso consciente das tecnologias. Conclusão: A intervenção dos responsáveis é determinante nos impactos ao desenvolvimento. Limitação do tempo de tela, atenção dos cuidadores, atividades socioeducativas e interação social são ações que indicam um balanço benéfico. Estudos futuros devem elucidar as dúvidas restantes.
Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no tratamento da ansiedade desencadeada pela Covid-19: Uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Cheregatti Louise de Moraes , Ribeiro Amanda Piroli , Osti Maria Vitoria Alves , Franco Ana Clara de Souza , Barros Felipe Rigoni , Banwo Kolawone , Paoliello Adriana Balbina
Published: July 2024

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) têm como principal objetivo promover o autocuidado e despertar no indivíduo uma consciência do que é saúde em sua totalidade. As técnicas terapêuticas utilizadas nas PICs atuam de forma eficiente no tratamento da ansiedade em pacientes afetados pelo Coronavírus, como demonstrado pela literatura científica. Os objetivos deste estudo são explicar os distúrbios de saúde mental decorrentes da pandemia de Covid-19 e listar o papel das PICs na promoção, prevenção e tratamento dessas condições, com ênfase em homeopatia, fitoterapia, acupuntura, aromaterapia, musicoterapia e meditação. O estudo encontrou que as PICs aliviaram significativamente a ansiedade e a depressão, reduziram a demanda por medicamentos e encurtaram o tempo de internação, destacando seu potencial como coadjuvantes de baixo risco e acessíveis aos tratamentos convencionais. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para otimizar sua aplicação em ambientes clínicos.
Análise jurisprudencial de tratamentos especializados no Estado do Ceará
Authors: Gomes Stéfany de Lima , Carneiro Diego Patrik Alves , Alves Regina Maria Aguiar , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo associar o tipo de demanda judicial, com as características processuais e da atenção à saúde dos municípios do Estado do Ceará. Estudo transversal constituído por todos os acórdãos no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Ceará, no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2018. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e expressos em frequências absolutas. Para a análise foram construídos modelos de regressão logística simples e múltiplo entre a variável de desfecho (tipo de demanda Medicamentos/outros e Leitos UTI/procedimentos cirúrgicos) e as variáveis independentes Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), cobertura de ESF e AB e autoria da ação.  Foram selecionadas 224 ações para a análise, sendo a maior demanda tendo como réu o Estado do Ceará 147 (65,6%). A cidade de Fortaleza 153 (68,3%) foi a que mais houve demandas. Houve aumento no número de processos de demanda de medicamentos/outros até 2015. Para os processos com demanda de leitos de UTI/procedimentos cirúrgicos nota-se o aumento no número no decorrer do tempo. Houve associação entre a variável IDH-M e o tipo de demanda judicial. Concluiu-se que no estado do Ceará, as demandas judiciais variaram em função do ano e das características da atenção à saúde, com a variável IDH-M, estando associada significativamente com o tipo de demanda judicial entre 2010 e 2018.
Implementation of biomarkers in the management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors:   , Duijkers Ruud
Published: July 2024

Chapter 1: We developed a real-time PCR test to detect pneumococci. The test was accurate both in vitro and oropharyngeal patient samples. It showed good reliability and has a detection threshold of 1-10 DNA copies per reaction, with a very low chance of false positive results.
Chapter 2: We assessed a prediction score for identifying Legionella pneumonia at hospital admission. The score uses six variables: high fever, dry cough, low sodium, high LDH, high CRP, and low platelet count. The score was quite accurate, with an AUC of 0.89. A score of 4 or more showed a sensitivity of 58.8% and specificity of 93.1%. This score could help initiating Legionella specific antibiotic treatment
Chapter 3: We investigated how levels of cytokines could discriminate between viral, pneumococcal, and mixed pneumonia. We found that specific cytokine patterns could predict viral pneumonia with high accuracy (AUC=0.911). This method shows promising results, but more prospective studies are needed.
Chapter 4: We tested whether using a procalcitonin (PCT) and CRP algorithm could reduce the days on antibiotic treatment in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Patients guided by CRP or PCT had fewer days on antibiotics (4 and 5.5 days) than those receiving standard care (7 days). This approach can reduce antibiotic use by 30%.
Chapter 5: We checked if MR-proADM levels could predict short-term problems like treatment failure or re-admission in CAP patients. MR-proADM levels did not show clear differences related to these outcomes, making it not very useful for predicting short-term risks.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF SOCIAL CONSENSUS
Authors: FILIPPOV A.R. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation, NOVIKOV O.G. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

This article presents, understands, analyzes and classifies the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of social consensus in the history of philosophical, social and political thought. Using a comparative approach, extrapolation and content analysis, the authors reveal the conceptual principles of social consent, consider it through the categories of inequality and hierarchy, identify the grounds for an optimistic view of social consensus, establish the key factors of lability (instability) of social consent from the point of view of the psychology of mass behavior, comprehend a skeptical approach to the perception of social consensus, study public consent through the prism of formal and informal norms, dissect public consent in terms of political culture and the legitimacy of power. The definition of public consensus is formulated as a situation in which individuals, institutions and subjects of public authority have certain common points of contact, which become the basis of political integration and cooperation. At the end of the material, a conclusion is made about the relative importance of public consensus, depending on the specific type of political culture and the ideological and theoretical direction of political, social and philosophical science.
RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND SOCIO-POLITICAL RISKS OF THE DIGITAL ERA IN THE GLOBAL DIMENSION
Authors: GORLOV K.N. ,   Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS), Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation, ROGACHEV S.V. ,   Michurinsk City Council of Deputies of the Tambov Region,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University
Published: July 2024

In the modern world, global crises such as economic instability, social tensions, and political challenges are exacerbated by the rapid development of digital technologies. These technologies, being dual in nature, can both contribute to solving many problems and intensify them. In this complex and dynamic situation, Russian society faces a series of socio-political challenges and risks, driven by both external factors and internal processes. The article conducts a systematic study of the causes and consequences of crises, which has identified the key factors of each crisis in their interrelation with the processes of global digitization. The issues of Russia’s position and role in the new global processes are explored, including the risks it faces in the context of digital transformation, how it can counter modern geopolitical challenges, and utilize digital innovations to strengthen its political and economic position on the international stage.
YEMEN: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE IN CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL CONFLICT
Authors: PENKOV V.F. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russian Federation, ALDAKHERI A.A.A. , ALARUSI Z.М.М. ,   Ural Humanitarian Institute of the Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the state of the socio-economic standard of living in Yemen in the context of political conflicts associated with the existence of contradictions between the South and the North of the state. United at the end of the XX century, South and North Yemen, even after a 20-year period, could not actually become a single state, which significantly affects the quality and standard of living of citizens and the development of the state as a whole. At the same time, it is the conflict situation that influences the impossibility of achieving sustainable development and the formation of the state as a single Arab state.
A SPECIAL HISTORICAL PATH OF RUSSIAN CIVILIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER
Authors: KAZANINA L.YU. ,   Tula Institute (branch) All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Tula, Russian Federation, KOLTSOV D.E.
Published: July 2024

This article provides a comprehensive historical-legal, historical-philosophical and socio-political analysis of Russian statehood, taking into account its historical development. Such categories as “Russian world” and “Russian civilisation” are studied. The question of Russia’s special path throughout its history is raised, and a comparison is made between Western and Russian civilisation models. Separate attention is paid to the historical and legal aspects of Russian sovereignty. The authors come to the conclusion that the preservation of the memory of the historical past and the development of an independent system of regulation of social relations through law and morality helped Russia for a thousand years to remain a distinctive country and to acquire unique features that characterise it as a separate sovereign state-civilisation.
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND THE ROLE OF THE AZERBAIJANI DIASPORA IN ITS PROMOTION
Authors: BAYRAMLI N.S.O. ,   Higher School of International Relations of the Institute of Humanities of the Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, POGODIN S.N. ,   North-West Institute of Management - a branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation,   Azerbaijan Center for Humanitarian Cooperation
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the concept and significance of “public diplomacy” in the system of modern international relations and the role of the Azerbaijani Diaspora in the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of the article is to reveal the concept of “public diplomacy” and analyze the functioning of the policy of the Azerbaijan diaspora abroad. The work uses a logical and comparative analysis, a method of working with legal acts. The authors reveal the concept and significance of “public diplomacy” in the modern system of international relations and the efforts of the leadership and government of the Republic of Azerbaijan to strengthen and promote the Azerbaijani diaspora in the international arena. It can be said that in the last decade Azerbaijan has been actively investing in the formation of a positive international image of the republic, in the popularization and dissemination of Azerbaijani culture, and in public diplomacy. The Azerbaijani diaspora has become one of the main instruments for popularizing the Republic of Azerbaijan in the international arena.
THE ROLE OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES
Authors: RAZOV P.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, PROKHOROVA I.G.
Published: July 2024

The purpose this scientific article is devoted to the study of the role of social entrepreneurs on sustainable regional development in conditions of economic instability. The relevance of the chosen topic is justified not only by the fact that in the conditions of sanctions pressure and geopolitical destabilization, the domestic economy is forced to cope with various crisis phenomena, but also by the fact that against the background of current events, the level of social tension in society increases, social problems become even more urgent and new ones arise. Sustainable development covers a wide range of issues, including environmental protection, social equality, economic growth and cultural preservation. This requires a holistic and integrated approach that recognizes the interdependence of these issues and seeks to ensure their balance. Together with the analysis of the concept of sustainable development, which should be implemented both at the federal and regional levels, the authors suggest that social entrepreneurs have a significant beneficial impact on the sustainable development of regions. Sustainable development covers a wide range of issues, including environmental protection, social equality, economic growth and cultural preservation. This requires a holistic and integrated approach that recognizes the interdependence of these issues and seeks to ensure their balance. In conditions of economic instability, the state should pay special attention to the development of the institution of social entrepreneurship, since in conditions of increasing social tension and economic destabilization, the level of social problems increases, and social entrepreneurs share the state’s capabilities in solving these problems. Responsibility for the development of the regions lies not only on the state and social entrepreneurs, but also on every member of our society.
GROWTH PROSPECTS OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL DISCHARGED INTO THE RESERVE
Authors: DENIKINA Z.D. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, ANDRUSHCHENKO A.L. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Within the framework of this work, the issue related to the assessment of the success of the entrepreneurial activity of military personnel discharged into the reserve is considered. The authors studied the peculiarities of the entrepreneurial activity of military personnel discharged into the reserve, and also described the typical characteristics of the representatives of the group under consideration. Among the most important qualities of the servicemen who were transferred to the reserve, coolness, stress tolerance, and a moderate attitude to risk were highlighted. An important place in this article is occupied by the analysis of the results of an empirical study conducted by a questionnaire survey. The authors studied the opinion of reserve servicemen who are engaged in entrepreneurial activities regarding the assessment of their own results within the framework of direct activities. In addition, the results concerning the degree of satisfaction with specific aspects of the respondents’ entrepreneurial experience were studied. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the problems faced by military entrepreneurs in the framework of their activities. interesting results were obtained in the aspect of the respondents’ expectations regarding the further development of enterprises run by retired military personnel. In the final part of the work, the key conclusions on the issue under study were described and recommendations were formed regarding increasing the success of the entrepreneurial activity of military personnel discharged into the reserve.
TAIWAN QUESTION IN SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: KAMYNIN V.D. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ZHANG SH.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Taiwan issue as a key one for the foreign policy of China and the United States at the present time. Since the Second World War, relations between mainland China and Taiwan have been tense, and the United States has played an important role in aggravating the Taiwan issue. The authors consider the development of Sino-American relations in Northeast Asia at the beginning of the XXI century, their impact on the Taiwan issue. Such issues as the modernization of Taiwan’s industry, the strategy of Taiwan’s liberation by China, the problem of Taiwan’s “independence”, the unrest in Hong Kong, the crisis in the Taiwan Strait associated with Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan are analyzed. The similarity of the Taiwan crisis and the Special Military Operation in Ukraine is shown. It is concluded that the solution of the Taiwan issue is in a stage of uncertainty, and this uncertainty is caused by US interference in China’s internal affairs. The Taiwan issue must be resolved peacefully, this requires not only the joint efforts of the Chinese government and Taiwan, but also the cessation of US interference in the Taiwan issue.
APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF PETRI NETS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION MODELS OF BUSINESS PROCESSES BASED ON THE IDEF3 METHODOLOGY
Authors: PETROSOV D.A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The relevance of developing simulation models of business processes is due to the need to improve the quality of analysis of the subject area by conducting computational experiments on the developed models in popular notations. To describe technological features, the IDEF3 methodology is often used, which belongs to the IDEF family of methodologies, which has become widespread among specialists in the field of analytics, modeling and business process reengineering, both in foreign and domestic practice of analysis and modeling of various subject areas. The use of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of Petri nets is proposed as a tool for creating simulation models. This tool has a wide range of extensions that allow you to implement all the features of the IDEF3 notation. For this purpose, the study proposes an approach that describes the rules for creating simulation models of business processes that allow modeling of all existing notation objects. The development of software additions to existing CASE tools based on the proposed approach will make it possible to create simulation models of business processes directly in the process of developing domain models, as well as to use intelligent methods of structural-parametric synthesis of simulation models based on the elemental base of work units and the specified behavior of the synthesized model process. As a means of intelligent structural-parametric synthesis, genetic algorithms adapted to solving the problem of structural-parametric synthesis can be used, the operation of which is also modeled using the theory of Petri nets, which allows the use of one mathematical apparatus within the framework of all solved problems of creating simulation models of business processes.
POLITICAL DISCORD IN EGYPT’S CONSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESS IN 2012-2013
Authors: DOMBROVSKIY PAVEL A. ,   Institute of Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation,   Tomsk State University
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of the political discord in Egyptian society that followed from the end of 2012 to the summer of 2013 in the context of the confrontation for power in the country in the 2011-2013s. by two players: the army leadership represented by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and the Muslim Brotherhood Islamist movement (an extremist organization banned in the Russian Federation) represented by the Freedom and Justice Party. According to the results of the analysis, it is recorded that the political discord in Egypt's society is formed in response to the activities of the Islamist government led by President Mohammed Morsi. The «project» of state transformation proposed and implemented (for a short time) by them was reactionary, as it was aimed at eliminating SCAF’s constitutional declarations designed in 2011-2012s. to limit powers of newly elected politicians. Their involving into the regulatory and legal field is regarded in this work as a key factor in the subsequent next round of the political crisis of the Arab Spring. To eliminate them, the M. Morsi’s government focuses on the formation of its own full-fledged constitution, designed to change the balance of power in political system. However, this is regarded by the politically active part of society as an attempt to usurp power and build an Islamic dictatorship in the end.
SVERDLOVSK CITY DISCUSSION PLATFORM: A PHENOMENON OF SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE OF THE LATE SOVIET ERA
Authors: BARDIN ARTYOM B. ,   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian
Published: July 2024

The first article presents the results of a study of the Sverdlovsk city discussion platform, which existed in the 1987-1990s. in Sverdlovsk, which had a great influence on the socio-political life of the Urals during the years of perestroika. The article makes an attempt to identify the preferences of its manifestation, highlight the stages of its activity and determine its role in the socio-political life of the region. Based on identified historical sources (constituent documents of public organizations, documents of the Sverdlovsk city committee and regional committee of the CPSU, evidence from local periodicals, as well as memories of eyewitnesses and participants in the events), the evolution of the financial requirements of the project of the Sverdlovsk city committee of the CPSU, unique by Union standards, was reconstructed. It is concluded that the Sverdlovsk city discussion tribune, having gotten out of control due to the events in Berlin of perestroika, turned into a mass opposition-communist social movement.
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY
Authors: IVANOV NIKITA G. ,   All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the principle of legal certainty, which is the subject of consideration not only of the legal doctrine, but also of the Constitutional Court of Russia, as well as international judicial bodies. A legal norm should have a concretized expression, but in a number of cases, the specificity of the normative material is either difficult or impossible due to various reasons. Nevertheless, it is inexpedient to get rid of such norms with an indefinite content, since they have a pragmatic load and correspond to the principle of justice, which, in particular, is expressed in the idea of the equality of citizens before the law.
THE MODERN CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION HAS LOST ITS SYSTEMATICITY: CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
Authors: SEREBRENNIKOVA ANNA V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study. The article discusses the problems associated with the loss of its systematic nature by the modern Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The systematic nature of criminal legislation is analyzed as its most important and necessary property. It is determined that the basis for goal-setting of criminal policy is to achieve the most significant reduction in crime through the development of a strategic approach, tactical implementation and conceptual framework for combating crime through the application of criminal legislation, taking into account the fact that it attaches special importance to the systematicity of criminal law norms. Since the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation represents the main legislative framework, ensuring its consistency is one of the primary tasks of the legislator. The influence of changes made to the Criminal Code on its systematic nature is explored. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is a codified legal act, has lost its consistency, having lost its quality indicators that meet its objectives. There is an urgent need to adopt a new edition of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, since the current Criminal Code does not fully meet its objectives and the requirement of consistency. Being the most important element of criminal policy, the new edition of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation must be implemented with special care, taking into account the principles of criminalization. Failure to comply with these principles can lead to a violation of the corresponding balance, which leads to the loss of the main property - the systematic nature of the criminal law.
Investigation of unsteady cavitating flow around a hydrofoil using GAS method
Authors: Xie Nan , Tang Yumeng , Hou Jiexuan , Liu Yangwei
Published: July 2024

Cavitation significantly impacts the performance of hydraulic machinery. However, cavitation is complex, and the evolution of complex vortical structures in cavitating flow requires further investigation. In this study, the unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0009 hydrofoil with gap sizes of 1 and 10 mm is simulated using grid-adaptive simulation (GAS), which is a novel hybrid method that modifies the turbulent viscosity based on the Kolmogorov energy spectrum. The prediction accuracy of GAS is validated by comparing with experimental and LES results, demonstrating its superiority compared to the scale-adaptive simulation. A detailed study on the effect of gap size with an emphasis on the evolution of complex vortical structures is performed. It is discovered that the gap size plays a crucial role in the development of complex flow structures, as well as their interactions. Moreover, as the gap size increases, the two-layer structure of tip leakage vortex (TLV) becomes more pronounced. The inner TLV core region is generated by the vorticity transport from tip to the TLV. The outer layer structure is formed by the mainstream, tip separation vortex and leakage flow. The complex outer layer significantly influences the stability of the TLV and cavities. The investigation on the TLV structure in this study of cavitation flow aligns with the previous conclusions in compressors, indicating that two-layer structure of the TLV is a universal phenomenon.
Note for the Perfect Numbers
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: July 2024

This paper tackles a longstanding problem in number theory: the infinitude of perfect numbers. A perfect number is defined as a positive integer whose sum of all its divisors is equal to twice the number itself. While Euclid's method provides a framework for constructing even perfect numbers using Mersenne primes, the infinitude of Mersenne primes remains an open question. If there are finitely many Mersenne primes, then there would also be a finite number of even perfect numbers. In this note, showing that there are finitely many Mersenne primes, we provide a partial answer by proving that is false the infinitude of even perfect numbers. The proof utilizes elementary techniques and relies on properties of the divisor sum function (sigma function) and the inherent structure of prime numbers.