bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus flavus pangenome (AflaPan) uncovers novel aflatoxin and secondary metabolite associated gene clusters
Authors: Gangurde Sunil S. , Korani Walid , Bajaj Prasad , Wang Hui , Fountain Jake C. , Agarwal Gaurav , Pandey Manish K. , Abbas Hamed K. , Chang Perng-Kuang , Holbrook C. Corley , Kemerait Robert C. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Dutta Bhabesh , Clevenger Josh P. , Guo Baozhu
Published: February 2024

Background
Aspergillus flavus is an important agricultural and food safety threat due to its production of carcinogenic aflatoxins. It has high level of genetic diversity that is adapted to various environments. Recently, we reported two reference genomes of A. flavus isolates, AF13 (MAT1-2 and highly aflatoxigenic isolate) and NRRL3357 (MAT1-1 and moderate aflatoxin producer). Where, an insertion of 310 kb in AF13 included an aflatoxin producing gene bZIP transcription factor, named atfC. Observations of significant genomic variants between these isolates of contrasting phenotypes prompted an investigation into variation among other agricultural isolates of A. flavus with the goal of discovering novel genes potentially associated with aflatoxin production regulation. Present study was designed with three main objectives: (1) collection of large number of A. flavus isolates from diverse sources including maize plants and field soils; (2) whole genome sequencing of collected isolates and development of a pangenome; and (3) pangenome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to identify novel secondary metabolite cluster genes.
Results
Pangenome analysis of 346 A. flavus isolates identified a total of 17,855 unique orthologous gene clusters, with mere 41% (7,315) core genes and 59% (10,540) accessory genes indicating accumulation of high genomic diversity during domestication. 5,994 orthologous gene clusters in accessory genome not annotated in either the A. flavus AF13 or NRRL3357 reference genomes. Pan-genome wide association analysis of the genomic variations identified 391 significant associated pan-genes associated with aflatoxin production. Interestingly, most of the significantly associated pan-genes (94%; 369 associations) belonged to accessory genome indicating that genome expansion has resulted in the incorporation of new genes associated with aflatoxin and other secondary metabolites.
Conclusion
In summary, this study provides complete pangenome framework for the species of Aspergillus flavus along with associated genes for pathogen survival and aflatoxin production. The large accessory genome indicated large genome diversity in the species A. flavus, however AflaPan is a closed pangenome represents optimum diversity of species A. flavus. Most importantly, the newly identified aflatoxin producing gene clusters will be a new source for seeking aflatoxin mitigation strategies and needs new attention in research.
Digital quantum simulation of gravitational optomechanics with IBM quantum computers
Authors: Rufo Pablo Guillermo Carmona , Mazumdar Anupam , Bose Sougato , Lestayo Carlos Sabín
Published: February 2024

We showcase the digital quantum simulation of the action of a Hamiltonian that governs the interaction between a quantum mechanical oscillator and an optical field, generating quantum entanglement between them via gravitational effects. This is achieved by making use of a boson-qubit mapping protocol and a digital gate decomposition that allow us to run the simulations in the quantum computers available in the IBM Quantum platform. We present the obtained results for the fidelity of the experiment in two different quantum computers, after applying error mitigation and post-selection techniques. The achieved results correspond to fidelities over 90%, which indicates that entanglement was indeed generated through the simulation of a quantum gravitational field.
Leveraging Transcriptomics-Based Approaches to Enhance Genomic Prediction: Integrating SNPs and gene-networks for Cotton Fibre Quality Improvement
Authors: Khalilisamani Nima , Li Zitong , Pettolino Filomena A. , Moncuquet Philippe , Reverter Antonio , MacMillan Colleen Pauline
Published: February 2024

The cotton genome (Gossypium hirsutum) contains ~ 80K protein-coding genes, making precision breeding for complex traits a challenge. This study tested biology-informed approaches to improve genomic prediction (GP) accuracy for cotton fibre traits to help accelerate precision breeding of valuable traits. The study’s foundational approach was the use of RNA-seq data from key time points during fibre development, namely fibre cells undergoing primary, transition, and secondary wall development. The test approaches included using a range of summary statistics from RNA-seq analysis such as gene Differential Expression (DE). The three test approaches included DE genes overall, target pairwise DE lists informed by gene functional annotation, and finally, gene-network-clusters created based on Partial Correlation and Information Theory (PCIT) as the prior information in Bayesian GP models. The most promising improvements in GP accuracy were at the level of ~ 5% increase by using PCIT-based gene-network clusters as the prior knowledge network neighbours of key genes, and for the traits of cotton fibre Elongation and Strength. These results indicate that there is scope to help improve precision breeding of target traits by incorporating biology-based inference into GP models, and points to specific approaches to achieve this.
An Exploratory Study on Spatiotemporal Clustering of Suicide in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Choi Won-Seok , Roh Beop-rae , Jon Duk-In , Ryu Vin , Oh Yunhye , Hong Hyun Ju
Published: February 2024

Background
This study aimed to determine the existence of spatiotemporal clustering in adolescent suicides in Korea and to identify any differences between clustered and non-clustered suicide cases using novel statistical methods.
Methods
From 2016 to 2020, the dates and locations, including specific addresses from which the latitude and longitude of all student suicides (aged 9–18 years) in Korea were obtained through Student Suicide Reports. Sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents who died by suicide were collected, and the individual characteristics of each student who died by suicide were reported by teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) analysis was used to assess the clustering of suicides.
Results
We identified 23 clusters through the data analysis of 652 adolescent suicides using DBSCAN. By comparing the size of each cluster, we identified 63 (9.7%) spatiotemporally clustered suicides among adolescents, and the temporal range of these clusters was 7–59 days. The suicide cluster group had a lower economic status than the non-clustered group. There were no significant differences in other characteristics between the two groups.
Conclusions
This study attempts to define the spatiotemporal clustering of suicides using a novel analytical method. Although clustering has been identified in adolescent suicides in Korea, the specificity of clustered suicides is limited. An enhanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving clustered suicides among adolescents has the potential to contribute to adolescent suicide prevention efforts.
Left colectomy for diverticular disease - systematic review and meta-analysis comparing robotic and laparoscopic resections
Authors: Eltyeb Hazim A , Mohamedahmed Ali Yasen Y , Mills Graham A , Khan Jim
Published: February 2024

Backgroud:
Diverticular disease affects approximately 50% of the population aged ≥ 60 and above. Twenty-five % will require surgical intervention. We aimed to compare the outcomes of left colonic resectionfor sigmoid diverticular disease by robotic and laparoscopic approaches. Our primary aim was to conduct a meta-analysis and to investigate conversion to open, stoma and complication rates between the two approaches.
Methodology:
A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan Version 5.4 software. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled with a random-effect model to estimate risk and odds ratios (OR). Prospero (reg # CRD42023440509).
Results:
Eight studies were thought to fulfil the eligibility criteria: 1,892 patients (49.2%) had robotic surgery, and 1,952 patients (50.84%) underwent a laparoscopic approach. There were fewer conversions to open surgery in the robotic group when compared to the laparoscopic group, [P < 0.00001] less rate of post-operative ileus [P = 0.005], less length of stay [mean difference (MD) - 0.18 P = 0.003] and fewer morbidities [P = 0.002]. There were similar rates of stoma formation [4.7%, P = 1.00], anastomotic leak [2.6% P = 0.85] and mortality [0.3% versus 0.2%, P = 0.59]. Although not significant, a shorter operative time in the robotic approach [P = 0.47].
Conclusion:
Compared to laparoscopic left colectomy, robotic surgery is feasible, with a reduction in conversion to open rate, reduced morbidity, less ileus and similar rates of stoma formation, anastomotic leak and mortality. Further high-quality research needs to be done to investigate this further.
Mobile outreach clinics for improving health care services accessibility in vulnerable populations of the Diffa Region in Niger: A descriptive study.
Authors: Rabiou Lawali Mahaman , Oumarou Batoure , Mor Diaw , Abdou Maman , Ibrahim Camara , Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze , Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Wiysonge Charles S. , Anya Blanche-Philomene Melanga
Published: February 2024

Background
Niger is a large country with many distant locations that can be difficult to access because the Sahara Desert covers 80% of the country's land. In Niger, just 49% of residents have access to a health centre within 5 km of their house. Health care may be difficult to access in the Diffa region of Niger, as non-state armed groups strike on a regular basis and floods cause a high rate of vulnerability. This study looked at how mobile clinics can improve healthcare accessibility for vulnerable populations in the Diffa region.
Methods
This was a descriptive cross-sectional, population-based study conducted over the period from 15 August 2022 to 15 October 2022, using three months’ mobile outreach clinic to improve health outcomes in five districts of the Diffa region, including Bosso, Diffa, Goudoumaria, Mainé Soroa, and N’guigmi.
Results
During the three months of mobile outreach clinic, 42251 people were sensitized and 12004 were treated. A total of 18,708 vaccine doses were delivered to children aged 0–11 months, with Maine Soroa, Goudoumaria, Bosso, Diffa, and N’guigmi districts accounting for 29.24%, 24.62%, 18.54%, 18.05%, and 9.5%, respectively. In the same line, Goudoumaria, Bosso, and Maine Soroa districts recorded relatively high antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance percentages of 27.85%, 25.62%, and 21.89%, respectively. Furthermore, mobile clinic outreach provided a variety of healthcare treatments, both curative and preventative. Mobile Clinic 2 increased vaccine dose received among children aged 0–11 months by 1.11% (95%CI: 0.15%-2.06%, P = 0.023) when compared to Mobile Clinic 1. In the same line, mobile clinic showed a statistically significant increase of ANC between the three clinical rotations (P = 0001), showing an increased ANC update over time.
Conclusion
This study found that mobile outreach clinic can play an important role in improving healthcare access for vulnerable populations in the Diffa region. However, well-designed, and frequent mobile clinic outreach should be planned and included in the country's public health policy.
Two – Dimensional Reynolds Equation for Squeeze film lubrication between wide parallel rectangular plates with the effect of Magnetic field and Micro – Polar fluid
Authors: S Asha B. , M Shivakumar H. , N Hanumagowda B. , H Brinda , R Vasanth K
Published: February 2024

This investigation aims to provide a thorough mathematical analysis to examine the behavior of squeezing films that consist of a micropolar fluid lubricant. These films are situated between wide, parallel, rectangular plates while being subjected to a transverse magnetic field. Hydromagnetic flow theory is used to analyze the impact of MHD considerations on squeezing with micropolar fluids on smooth surfaces. The modified Reynolds equation is the fundamental equation applied to explain the behaviour of fluids in thin films, and it is responsible for estimating the pressure distribution of the film area. The effects of the MHD and micropolar lubricant on the bearing characteristics are discussed. Lubrication characteristics are determined as functions of micropolar fluid, Hartmann number, fluid gap number, coupling number, and aspect ratio parameters. When compared to a classical case, the magnetic field and micropolar fluid provide more significant bearing characteristics. As the Hartmann number, fluid gap number, and coupling number are increased, the improved characteristics become more evident.
Test Scenario Generation from Nested ConcurrentActivity Diagrams
Authors: Shirole Mahesh , Kumar Rajeev
Published: February 2024

UML is a de-facto standard for system and test cases design, yet test scenariogeneration for concurrent systems is challenging due to constructs such as forkjoinand their nesting. Systematically exploring complete interleaving space ofsuch test scenarios is an exponential task. Existing activity diagram test scenariogeneration algorithms explore a restricted interleaving space, which maybe insufficient to uncover most concurrency errors. Therefore, in this work, weuse evolutionary search for exploring wider interleaving space from concurrentactivity diagrams. The naive evolutionary search yields many infeasible interleavingpaths, therefore, we design evolutionary search operators, traversals andfitness functions, using graph-theoretic domain knowledge, for optimizing functionvalues with constraint satisfaction for feasible interleaving paths. We presentevolutionary and hybrid evolutionary search algorithms for generating concurrenttest scenarios from activity diagrams. We have observed, empirically, that evolutionarysearch satisfies 5-50% interleavings activity path coverage at the costof higher convergence time. However, such high convergence time is significantlyreduced in the range of 40-50% using hybrid evolutionary search with the samecoverage.
Comparative Evaluation of the Encapsulating Lens on the Depreciation of the Lumen of High Power Pcleds in Tropical Conditions
Authors: CHAKRABORTY ARINDAM , Datta Swarnabha , Mukherjee Chiradeep , Ganguly Rajiv , Mitra Monojit
Published: February 2024

With the current technological growth, the demand for lighting has increased in indoor as well as outdoor application. To meet such huge expectations, Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are inclining towards energy-efficient illumination. However, the useful life of commercially available LEDs is an important parameter. Gradually after passage of time, depreciation in lumen output of LEDs is observed. There are several factors responsible for such degradation in output. One of the reasons is due to bulging of encapsulating lens used on high power pcLEDs. This research discusses the role of encapsulating wafer on LEDs discussing the useful lifetime characteristics of high power pcLEDs. This is an emerging field that combines physics, materials science, device technology and industry. We discuss the effect of lens through systematic observations and calculations are made from the lumen depreciation characteristic graph.
Total Knee Replacement In A Patient Of Pseudogout: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Meena R P , Karir Ekaansh , Meena Umesh Kumar , Kumar Anand
Published: February 2024

TKR in patients suffering from pesudogout of the knee is a rare phenomenon.Crystalline arthropathies are characterized by the deposition of crystals within a synovial membrane or joint cavity. The patient had bilateral knee pain for 5 years associated with swelling and hypertension for 2 years and was recently diagnosed with hepatitis B. The patient had no other relevant history.
The patient was provisionally diagnosed with B/L osteoarthritis of the knee. Since the patient was willing to undergo surgery for only one joint, total knee replacement was performed on the left knee joint, and a biopsy was sent for investigation, which revealed pesudogout. The patient was started on NSAIDS. Postoperatively, the patient recovered 90% of his normal ROM and developed no complications. These findings show that patients with arthritis due to pseudogout can be treated with total knee arthroplasty surgeries.
3D Printing of Ceffe-Infused Scaffolds for Tailored Nipple-Like Cartilage Development
Authors: Ding Jinghao , Wei Chuanzhi , Xu Yong , Dai Wufei , Chen Ru
Published: February 2024

The reconstruction of a stable, nipple-shaped cartilage graft that precisely matches the natural nipple in shape and size on the contralateral side is a clinical challenge. While 3D printing technology can efficiently and accurately manufacture customized complex structures, it faces limitations due to inadequate blood supply, which hampers the stability of nipple-shaped cartilage grafts produced using this technology. To address this issue, we employed a biodegradable biomaterial, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), loaded with Cell-Free Fat Extract (Ceffe). Ceffe has demonstrated the ability to promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, making it an ideal bio-ink for bioprinting precise nipple-shaped cartilage grafts. We utilized the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold to create a porous structure with a precise nipple shape. This scaffold exhibited favorable porosity and pore size, ensuring stable shape maintenance and satisfactory biomechanical properties. Importantly, it could release Ceffe in a sustained manner. Our in vitro results confirmed the scaffold's good biocompatibility and its ability to promote angiogenesis, as evidenced by supporting chondrocyte proliferation and endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Furthermore, after 8 weeks of in vivo culture, the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold seeded with chondrocytes regenerated into a cartilage support structure with a precise nipple shape. Compared to the pure PLGA group, the Ceffe/PLGA scaffold showed remarkable vascular formation, highlighting the beneficial effects of Ceffe. These findings suggest that our designed Ceffe/PLGA scaffold with a nipple shape represents a promising strategy for precise nipple-shaped cartilage regeneration, laying a foundation for subsequent nipple reconstruction.
Did The Regulation of Abortion Affect Stability of Marriage? The Effect of State Abortion Restrictions on Marital Dissolution
Authors: Deng Haihan
Published: February 2024

I estimate the effects of abortion restrictions from gestational limits, parental involvement for minors, and length of mandated waiting period on state divorce rate and change of marital status for individual to test whether the abortion regulation affects stability of marriage. From the state-level analysis, I found liberalized abortion restrictions are associated with higher state divorce rates. From the individual-level analysis, the effect only appears to be significant for younger groups and is the opposite direction of implication when compared to the state-level analysis. Furthermore, a new insight from the individual-level analysis suggests that additional abortion restrictions might stress younger couples and therefore increase their risks of divorce, even if some of the policies do not directly apply to them. Moreover, this paper also shows that having more children tends to strengthen the stability of marriage and reduces the risk of divorce, which is consistent with previous studies, as well as presenting additional supportive evidence.
JEL classification: J12, K36
The GLCCI1/STAT3 pathway: A novel pathway involved in diabetic cognitive dysfunction and the therapeutic effect of salidroside
Authors: Niu Lin , Xu Min , Liu Wenqiang , Li Fuzhi , Wang Teng , Sun Die , Yao Tiefeng , Li Wanze , Yang Zhengzhong , Liu Xuezheng , Zuo Zhongfu
Published: February 2024

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a complication of diabetes that seriously affects quality of life. Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) has been found to be involved in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in various diseases. However, the distribution of GLCCI1 in the brain and its role in DCD have not yet been revealed. In addition, the potential therapeutics effects of salidroside (SAL), a phenyl propyl glycoside compound known for its neuroprotective effects in treating DCD are unknow. In the present study, we found that GLCCI1 was localized in hippocampal neurons. C57BL/6J mice with DCD presented downregulation of GLCCI1 and Bcl-2 and upregulation of p-STAT3, Bax, Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3. Overexpression of GLCCI1 or SAL administration relieved DCD, reversed the changes in the expression of these cytokines, and alleviated morphological alterations in hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, SAL alleviated DCD and attenuated the expression of GLCCI1 and p-STAT3, showing similar effects as GLCCI1 overexpression. These findings suggest that the GLCCI1/STAT3 axis plays a crucial role in DCD and is involved in SAL-mediated attenuation of DCD.
A Machine Learning Method for Early Stewardship of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Liu Wanjun , Xiao Wenyan , Zhang Jin , Hu Juanjuan , Huang Shanshan , Liu Yu , Hua Tianfeng , Yang Min
Published: February 2024

Background
Heterogeneity among mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis makes it challenging to define appropriate treatments. This study aimed to establish a method for identifying high-risk patients in this vulnerable population. To this end, unsupervised machine learning models were used to analyze a large volume of real-world clinical data for determining prognosis in these patients at an early stage.
Methods
The Intensive Care Medical Information Database IV (MIMIC-IV; version 2.0) was used to generate training and test sets. Three datasets were used for further validation: the Intensive Care Medical Information Database III (MIMIC-III, version 1.4), Philips eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD; version 2.0), and a local set from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.
Results
In the training, test, MIMIC-III, eICU-CRD, and local sets, approximately 9571, 1595, 4821, 6624, and 110 patients, respectively, diagnosed with sepsis who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were found. Three unique clinical phenotypes were derived based on the training set and were named phenotypes I, II, and III according to the order of clustering results. Patients with phenotype I had a 28-day mortality rate higher than 30% and characteristically presented with concurrent respiratory and circulatory dysfunction, whereas patients with other phenotypes had a better prognosis.
Conclusions
This retrospective exploratory study identified three unique phenotypes in patients with sepsis undergoing mechanical ventilation. These three phenotypes were distinctive and suggested that patients assigned phenotype I are a high-risk group, warranting focused attention during the early ICU stage.
Level of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid as a diagnostic factor in acute appendicitis: a diagnostic study
Authors: Tofigh Arash Mohammadi , Samsami Majid , Toutounchi Alireza Haghbin , Tavakoli Shervin , Taabzadeh Zeinab , Khoshnoudi Hojatolah , Adinevand Ehsan
Published: February 2024

Background:
The present study investigated the level of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in perforated and non-perforated appendicitis patients. The importance of this issue is in timely diagnosis of complications of acute appendicitis such as perforated appendicitis or gangrene.
Methods:
This study was performed in a prospective diagnostic method. The patients with complaints of acute appendicitis who were referred to tertiary medical center were included in the study during 2020–2021. Patient information such as age, gender, type of appendicitis, and the level of urinary metabolite 5-HIAA were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 5-HIAA were investigated. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS v.27.
Results:
A total of 150 patients were studied in two groups, 40 patients in the perforated appendicitis group and 110 patients in the acute appendicitis group. The average age of patients in the perforated appendicitis group was 28.8 ± 6.07 and in the acute appendicitis group was 29.6 ± 6.96. 94 (63%) were male and 56 (37%) were female. No significant difference was observed in terms of age and gender between the two groups. Based on the results, the difference level of 5-HIAA between the two groups of acute and perforated appendicitis was significant (P < 0.001). Also, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 82%, 62%, 75%, and 77% respectively.
Conclusion:
This study shows that 5-HIAA in patients with perforated appendicitis increases significantly more than in the early stages of acute appendicitis. Also, it has relatively good sensitivity for diagnosing appendicitis.
New scientific evidence of the materials and craft of Hard yellow paper in Tang Dynasty collected by Gansu Provincial Museum
Authors: Zhou Xianjing , Gong Yuchen , Zhao Ruxuan , Zhang Yun , Gu An , Qu Yajie , Wang Qi
Published: February 2024

Hard yellow paper is one of the few surviving Chinese famous paper from more than a thousand years ago. In particular, the documents found in Dunhuang are important collections in major museums around the world. Although there has been some research before, the production process is still a lot of controversy. In order to find out the development of materials and making craft, such as the fiber, dyeing and coating, 24 paper relics of Hard yellow paper in the Tang Dynasty from Gansu Provincial Museum have been observed and tested comprehensively by spectroscopy and spectrometry Most of the paper is handed down from generation to generation so they are in good condition of preservation. Raw materials and different surface coating materials of paper are observed by ultra-depth microscope surface observation. The organic composition of paper coating and fiber dyeing can also be accurately obtained by micro-infrared spectrometer and ultra-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a series of new evidence has been found, which provides the possibility to solve the current questions and disputes. According to the results, the hemp, ramie and bark fibers are considered as raw materials; the raw materials of paper’s surface may contain plant glue and animal glue. Berberine, palmatine and phellodendrine are detected from fragments which were considered as the dye of paper. Finally, the Hard yellow paper will be upgraded by hammering, calendaring and surface coating in the Tang Dynasty.
Demographic and Political Transitions.
Authors: Chaba Redha , Dorsch Michael , Hiller Victor , Maarek Paul
Published: February 2024

This paper revisits the political economy of transitions to democracy. We build on a canonical rational choice model of democratization by introducing demography, arguing that the demographic structure of a society shapes the material incentives for a democratic movement. A population’s youth cohort can benefit from democratic improvements over a longer time horizon and may have a lower opportunity cost of participatingin democratic movements than older cohorts. Hence, a rise in the population’s proportion of youth during the demographic transition opens a democratic “windowof opportunity” as the heightened incentives for a democratic movement might prompt an autocratic elite to concede more democracy. We test this prediction on two long country-year panel data sets containing detailed demographic data. Fixed-effects panel regressions demonstrate that an increase in the youth ratio is robustly associated with democratic improvements.The effect is particularly pronounced for “youth bulges” measured as the proportion of the population between the ages of 15 and 19. Two distinct instrumental variable strategies, using (i) lagged fertility rates in neighboring countries and (ii) past climatic conditions, allow for a causal interpretation of this correlation. Furthermore, the positive impact of the youth ratio on democratic improvements is more pronounced during recessions suggesting that demographic and macro-economic cycles are complementary channels. Finally, we show that low intensity conflict, such as riots, might act as a transmission channel, facilitating thepositive impact of a high youth ratio on the probability of a democratic improvement.
Assessment of Rainfall And Temperature Trends in The Yellow River Basin, China from 2023 to 2100
Authors: Jian Shengqi , Pei Qinghao , Yu Xin
Published: February 2024

China's Yellow River Basin (YRB) is sensitive to climate change due to its delicate ecosystem and complex geography. Water scarcity, soil erosion, and desertification are major challenges. To mitigate the YRB's ecological difficulties, climate change must be predicted. Based on the analysis of the evolution features of hydro-meteorological elements, the CMIP6 climate model dataset with Delta downscaling and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) is utilized to quantitatively explore the future variations of precipitation and temperature in the YRB. The following results are drawn: The spatial resolution of the CMIP6 climate model is less than 0.5°×0.5° (i.e., about 55 km×55 km), which is improved to 1 km×1 km by the downscaling of Delta, and has outstanding applicability to precipitation and temperature in the YRB. The most accurate models for monthly mean temperature are CESM2-WACCM, NorESM2-LM, and ACCESS-CM2, and for precipitation are ACCESS-ESM1-5, CESM2-WACCM, and IPSL-CM6A-LR. Between 2023 and 2100, annual precipitation increases by 6.89, 5.31, 7.02, and 10.18 mm/10a under the ssp126, ssp245, ssp370, and ssp585 climate scenarios, respectively, with considerable variability in precipitation in the YRB. The annual temperature shows a significant upward trend, and the change rates under the different climate scenarios are, respectively, 0.1 ℃/10a, 0.3 ℃/10a, 0.5 ℃/10a, and 0.7 ℃/10a. The increase is positively correlated with emission intensity. Based on the EOF analysis, temperature and precipitation mainly exhibit a consistent regional trend from 2023 to 2100, with the primary modal EOF1 of precipitation for each scenario exhibiting a clear spatial distribution in the southeast-northwest.
Sectoral Value Chain Mapping in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Murimi Martin , Cheloti Michael , Wekesa Ingrid , Onyuka Arthur
Published: February 2024

The Kenyan agricultural sector will play a pivot role in achieving its national development roadmap, Vision 2030. This report explores the agricultural value chains within Kakamega County, Kenya, focusing on sweet potatoes, bananas, soya beans, vegetables, palm oil, honey, and avocados. Data collection for the study primarily involved direct engagement with stakeholders across the various sub-counties. The study revealed the unique characteristics and challenges faced in each value chain, laying the foundation for understanding the local agricultural dynamics. These challenges included equipment shortage, lack of technical skills, and poor marketing strategies. Recommendations are put forward to address the specific hurdles and optimize opportunities within each value chain. Fostering cooperative formations, exploring value addition and enhancement of technical skills are the common themes across the recommendations for the value chains. Further, training, certification acquisition, research and development and process optimization have been suggested to bolster productivity, quality and market competitiveness. The proposed interventions require collaborative effort from the stakeholders including government agencies, non-governmental organizations and the local communities. By creating an enabling environment and implementing the recommended strategies, sustainable agricultural-based growth and economic development, aligning with the national Vision 2030, can be fostered in Kakamega County, Kenya.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Larutan Antiseptik Dari Garbage Enzyme Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ledo Mellissa Erlyn Stephanie , Rupidara Anggreini D.N , Solle Hartini R.L , Nitsae Merpiseldin , Nomleni Fransina T
Published: February 2024

Pengolahan sampah yang belum optimal menimbulkan berbagai masalah pencemaran lingkungan yang belum dapat diatasi. Berbagai upaya pengolahan sampah, terutama dari jenis organik dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk baru yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi. Istilah garbage enzyme (GE) mengacu kepada hasil fermentasi sisa sayuran dan buah yang memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya sebagai purifikato air yang tercemar, pupuk organik, dan mengurangi bau tidak sedap pada timbunan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antimikroba larutan antiseptik dari GE terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan variasi konsentrasi larutan antiseptic GE yaitu 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% dan 60%. Metode uji aktivitas antimikroba adalah metode difusi agar yang mengukur diameter zona bening yang menunjukan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat aktivitas antimikroba pada larutan antiseptik GE dengan rata-rata diameter zona bening adalah 14-21,3 mm untuk E. coli, dan 14,3-25,9 mm untuk S. aureus. Aktivitas antimikroba larutan antiseptik GE terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi larutan antiseptik GE, dimana konsentrasi 45 % dan 60% memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dan S. aureus.
The effect of human capital on organizational performance in the service industry 4.0: Mediation analysis from Indonesia
Authors: Masyhuri  , Sudiro Achmad , Palupi Prabandari Sri , Tri Kurniawati Desi
Published: February 2024

The service industry is currently facing the era of Industry 4.0, which results in an increasing need for talents who master information and technology to increase company productivity. Innovation is one of the strategies that service companies need to improve in order to compete with other companies. Organizational learning is also a company’s effort that is used to determine and meet the increasingly diverse needs of consumers to improve company performance. This study aims to investigate the role of innovation and organizational learning as mediating variables between human capital and organizational performance. The sample consisted of 305 managers in the service industry of Indonesia using a purposive sampling technique, with the minimum sample size determined using GPower software. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire distributed online via a Google form. Furthermore, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least squares with the SmartPLS 3 software. The results reveal that human capital significantly affects organizational performance, innovation, and organizational learning. Then, innovation and organizational learning have a significant effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, innovation and organizational learning act as mediators between human capital and organizational performance. These findings shed new light of the importance of effective human capital management in improving organizational performance. Furthermore, innovation and organizational learning are variables that can bridge the two relationships in the service industry.
AcknowledgmentsThis study is funded by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia.
Digital Zakat Payment: User Experience of Islamic Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Rofiul , Pambudi Dwi Santosa
Published: February 2024

Zakat plays an important role in Islamic social financial institutions. So far, the receipt and payment of zakat has been carried out in many areas, starting from places of worship, social organizations, zakat institutions, to business institutions. In the modern era, the number of media and digital zakat payment centers has mushroomed, so that people have several alternatives. Therefore, this study aims to explore the experience of users of digital zakat services, especially Islamic banks in Indonesia. To achieve research objectives, the authors use descriptive analysis. The research was conducted by distributing online questionnaires using the Google form. The questionnaire survey was conducted for five weeks, from July to August 2022. The sample for this study was 100 digital payment users at Islamic banks. Users are divided into three sections; they are users of m-banking, ATM, and both. Limitations/implications of this study using a relatively small sample size compared to the size of the Indonesian population. Thus, the results must be interpreted with the observed sample. Practical Implications Islamic banks should ensure that their system is easy for people to make zakat payments online. Originality/value This study offers new insights related to quantitative studies on digital zakat and the behavior of zakat payers, especially in Indonesia.
Galerkin-Kantorovich variational method for solving saint venant torsion problems of rectangular bars
Authors: Ike Charles Chinwuba
Published: February 2024

The unrestrained torsional analysis of bars is an important theme in elasticity theory, first solved by Saint-Venant using semi-inverse methods. It has been considered and solved by several others using analytical methods and numerical procedures due to the importance in the design of machine parts under torsional moments. In this paper, the Saint Venant torsion problem is solved for rectangular prismatic bars using Galerkin-Kantorovich variational method (GKVM). The work presents a detailed theoretical framework of the problem, deriving using first principles considerations the stress compatibility equation in terms of the Prandtl stress function ϕ(x,y). The derived domain equation which is required to be satisfied over the rectangular cross-sectional domain is a partial differential equation of the Poisson type. GKVM is adopted as the solution method for finding the solution to the domain equation. The unknown Prandtl stress function ϕ(x,y) is assumed, following Kantorovich method to be a product of an unknown function for fx sought to minimize the Galerkin-Kantorovich variational functional (integral) (GKVF) and a known function (y2-b2) which satisfies the boundary conditions at all boundary points in the y-direction, that is, at y=±b. The resulting GKVF is a simplified functional whose integral is a second order inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation (ODE) in fx. The integrand is solved to find fx leading in a full determination of the Prandtl stress function. The expression for stresses, torsional moments and torsional parameters are then found and they satisfy the boundary conditions and the domain equation. The results for the torsional moments and torsional parameters are identical to previous results obtained using double finite sine transform method (DFSTM), and analytical methods. The merit of GKVM is that it has led to the exact solution of the unrestrained torsion problems.
Analysis of the Effect of Talent Management on Employees' Intent to Leave, As Carried out in the Southeast Anatolia Region
Authors: ASLANTAS Mirac
Published: February 2024

With the increasing importance of intellectual capital, the effective and efficient utilization of human potential within an organization has become a crucial competitive factor. Talent management, an advanced human resources practice that has gained significance in recent years in business organizations, focuses on the skills of employees. In this study, talent management practices aimed at selecting, employing, training, developing, and retaining talented candidates based on their skills in appropriate positions within the organization were examined, specifically in the banking sector. Hypotheses were formulated to investigate the impact of talent management practices in banks on employees' intention to leave. Data necessary for testing the hypotheses were obtained through a survey administered to 421 bank employees in the cities of Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Mardin, and Batman. The survey results were analyzed using various statistical methods and testing techniques (frequency distribution, mean, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression) with the SPSS 18.0 analysis program. A statistical significance level of p
The Catcher in the Rye by J. Salinger
Authors: Brovina Anna V. , Malenko Elizaveta Iu.
Published: February 2024

Gender aspects have been attracting linguistic attention for quite a while now, raising discussions about the so-called male and female languages. However, the effect of gender on translation remains understudied. This research featured expressive vocabulary in Jerome Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and its Russian translations performed by Rita Rait-Kovaleva (1960) and Maxim Nemtsov (2008). The objective was to determine the effect of gender on translation. The authors believe that the translator’s gender may affect literary images and modify the author’s message. They conducted a comparative analysis of the way translators of different genders transferred stylistically-marked and emotional vocabulary, colloquialisms, slang, and jargon into Russian. The standard methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, and description revealed some differences in the translation styles, the image of the main character, translation pragmatics, and Salinger’s rather remarkable style. Rita Rait-Kovaleva seemed to soften some harsh statements, neutralize emotional aspects, and avoid colloquial vocabulary by using equivalents, which did not quite fall into the stylistic framework. Her Holden Caulfield turned out to more educated, intelligent, confident, emotional, and gentle. Maxim Nemtsov adhered to a single strategy: he did his best not to deviate from the original. In his attempt to preserve colloquialisms and substandard vocabulary, he often gave neutral words stylistic markers, emotional coloring, or a negative connotation. However, he managed to maintain the original syntax.
De grupo de investigación a red de conocimiento
Authors: Felicetti Vera Lucia , Pineda Robayo Adriana , Delgado-Troncoso Jorge Enrique
Published: February 2024

Este artículo describe un proyecto de investigación formativa desarrollado con un grupo de estudiantes de maestría, doctorado y docentes de diferentes instituciones de educación superior de Brasil, Colombia y Estados Unidos adscritos al grupo de investigación GERES. El objetivo es analizar el proceso a partir del cual el colectivo desarrolló una investigación que propició el tránsito del grupo hacia la construcción de una red interdisciplinar de conocimiento. Con un enfoque cualitativo inductivo, la investigación observó y evaluó de forma sistemática dinámicas que progresivamente fueron emergiendo y estructurándose y reflexionando sobre ellas a medida que avanzaban las actividades en el grupo. Los resultados evidencian que la investigación desarrollada por un colectivo de profesionales de diferentes áreas con el objetivo común de generar una base de datos a partir de la selección y revisión de revistas en el área de la educación ha facilitado la evolución y reorganización del grupo como una red de conocimiento.
Rituximab Combined with Steroid and Tacrolimus Treats Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Di , Xia Ming , Wang Chang , Zhu Xuejing , Chen Guochun , Liu Hong
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Due to the confounding heterogeneity, the therapeutic strategy
for proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) remains
to be defined.

Case Representation:

We report a 38-year-old man with recurrent swelling of the eyelids
and lower limbs, undergoing rituximab combined with steroid and tacrolimus treatment,
who achieved an improved renal outcome. Underlying solid malignant tumours
were excluded from the diagnosis.

Discussion:

We treated patients with rituximab along with steroids and tacrolimus. Improvements
in proteinuria and renal function were observed. We also reviewed the current
literature to assess the efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of PGNMID.

Conclusion:

However, a larger pool of patients and a longer follow-up period are required
to establish the role of rituximab and steroids in the treatment of PGNMID.
Preparation Optimization and Immunological Activity Studies of Portulaca oleracea
L. Polysaccharides Liposomes
Authors: Li Yan , Jia Guiyan , Li Tao , Zhou Xiechen , Zhao Hui , Cao Junyang , Guan Zijan , Zhao Rui
Published: February 2024

Aims:

This study combines traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides with nanomaterials to
enhance drug bioavailability and immunological activity.

Background:

The study of polysaccharide preparation, structure identification, pharmacological activity,
and mechanism of action is deepening, but the research combined with the new drug delivery system is relatively
weak, so the application of polysaccharides is still facing great limitations. In order to prolong the
action time of polysaccharides and improve their bioavailability, liposome has become the most promising
delivery carrier.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation process of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharides
liposomes (POL-PL) and evaluate the immunoactivity in vitro.

Methods:

POL-PL was prepared by reverse evaporation, and the preparation process was optimized using the
response surface methodology. The characteristic analysis of POL-PL was detected by the indicators including
morphology, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release, and stability. The effects of
POL-PL on the proliferation and immunological activity of mouse spleen lymphocytes and RAW264.7 cells
were evaluated in vitro.

Results:

POL-PL is highly homogeneous in morphology and particle size, and its sustained release improves
the bioavailability of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharides (POL-P). Moreover, POL-PL treatment significantly
enhanced the proliferation and phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and increased the secretion of
IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO.

Conclusion:

This study suggested that POL-PL were prepared successfully by reverse evaporation method,
and POL-PL had immunoenhancing activity in vitro. The results provided a theoretical basis for further application
of POL-PL.