bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a database for energy sufficiency policies
Authors: Best Benjamin , Thema Johannes , Zell-Ziegler Carina , Wiese Frauke , Barth Jonathan , Breidenbach Stephan , Nascimento Leonardo , Wilke Henry
Published: July 2022

Sufficiency measures are potentially decisive for the decarbonisation of energy systems but rarely considered in energy policy and modelling. Just as efficiency and renewable energies, the diffusion of demand-side solutions to climate change also relies on policy-making. Our extensive literature review of European and national sufficiency policies fills a gap in existing databases. We present almost 300 policy instruments clustered into relevant categories and publish them as "Energy Sufficiency Policy Database". This paper provides a description of the data clustering, the set-up of the database and an analysis of the policy instruments. A key insight is that sufficiency policy includes much more than bans of products or information tools leaving the responsibility to individuals. It is a comprehensive instrument mix of all policy types, not only enabling sufficiency action, but also reducing currently existing barriers. A policy database can serve as a good starting point for policy recommendations and modelling, further research is needed on barriers and demand-reduction potentials of sufficiency policy instruments.
Robustness of the aging effect of smiling against vertical facial orientation
Authors: Yoshimura Naoto , Yonemitsu Fumiya , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Yamada Yuki
Published: July 2022

Background: Previous studies have shown that the association between smiling and youth is a misconception; smiling faces have been estimated to be older than neutral faces. Previous studies have indicated that this aging effect of smiling (AES) is due to eye wrinkles caused by the facial action of smiling. However, whether holistic processing for facial expressions is involved in AES has not been investigated. The present study aimed to clarify these issues.

Methods: Participants were recruited to participate in an online experiment that had a 3 (facial expression: smiling/neutral/surprised) × 2 (facial orientation: upright/inverted) mixed design. Participants were presented with an upright or inverted face for each expression (neutral, smiling, and surprised) and were asked to estimate the individual’s age.

Results: In total, 104 participants were included in the analysis. The results show that smiling faces were estimated to be older than neutral faces, whereas there was no significant difference between upright and inverted faces.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that AES is not dependent on holistic processing.
Association between dermatoglyphic patterns and growth patterns of subjects with skeletal class I relation: A cross sectional study
Authors: Shashidhar Keerthan , M N Kuttappa , Nayak U S Krishna , D'Souza Neevan , Shetty Mahabalesh , Achalli Sonika
Published: July 2022

Background: To assess the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns and various growth patterns of the mandible.

Methods: Patients with Class I Skeletal relation were selected after clinical diagnosis followed by digitally tracing the cephalogram. The patients were subdivided into three groups of mandibular divergence patterns ie Average, Horizontal and Vertical. 90 samples ie 30 in each group were selected for the study. The fingerprints of all the selected subjects were then extracted digitally and analysed for the most dominant pattern in each hand.

Results: For the left hand, there was a statistically significant (P<0.05) association between fingerprint pattern and growth pattern when Horizontal growers were compared to Average and Vertical Growers. For the right hand, there was a statistically significant (P<0.05) association between fingerprint pattern and growth pattern when Horizontal growers were compared to Average Growers. A significant association (P<0.05) between fingerprint pattern and growth pattern was also found when average growers were compared to vertical growers.

Conclusions: Horizontal growers had 80% frequency of appearance of whorls in their left hand and 67% in their right hand. Horizontal growers could easily be differentiated from the average and vertical growers because of the dominance of whorl pattern in their hands.

Composite and arch pattern were more frequent in vertical growers when compared to horizontal and average growers.
Methylene blue sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer learning curve in the COVID-19 era: How many cases are enough?
Authors: Azhar Yohana , Dewayani Birgitta M. , Lukman Kiki
Published: July 2022

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now the gold standard procedure for early breast cancer with clinically negative lymph nodes (N0). According to the Indonesian Board-Certified oncologist surgeon, the learning curve for evaluating fellow breast surgeons to achieve this competency could have been shorter due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to see if the learning curve for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification can be shortened and if imprint cytology (IC) can replace frozen sections (FS) for intraoperative analysis.

Methods: Fellow breast surgeons were taught to perform SLNB on breast cancer patients. Intraoperative assessment and completion of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were performed in the first setting for standardization with the attending surgeon. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification was plotted on cumulative sum chart (CUSUM) limitations for evaluating the variability competency between attending surgeon and fellow surgeon based on a target identification rate of 85%. In addition, the accuracy of imprint cytology versus frozen section for identifying lymph node metastases was compared.

Results: Consecutive 50 SLNBs were conducted during this period with attending and trainees split into two groups. After 13 consecutive tests, the CUSUM plot positively identified SLN as a significant achievement level of competency. Imprint cytology was shown to be inferior to frozen section cytology. The accuracy of imprint cytology is 91.8%, while the accuracy of frozen sections is 95.9%.

Conclusion: According to a CUSUM chart based on a reasonable set of parameters, the learning curve for SLNB using methylene blue dye is reached after 13 consecutive positively detected SLN. Meanwhile, the frozen section is still the gold standard for determining the disorder of axillary lymph nodes, but the accuracy between the two methods can be comparable.
Neural crest cell-placodal neuron interactions are mediated by Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin during early chick trigeminal ganglion assembly
Authors: Halmi Caroline A. , Wu Chyong-Yi , Taneyhill Lisa A.
Published: July 2022

Background: Arising at distinct positions in the head, the cranial ganglia are crucial for integrating various sensory inputs. The largest of these ganglia is the trigeminal ganglion, which relays pain, touch and temperature information through its three primary nerve branches to the central nervous system. The trigeminal ganglion and its nerves are composed of derivatives of two critical embryonic cell types, neural crest cells and placode cells, that migrate from different anatomical locations, coalesce together, and differentiate to form trigeminal sensory neurons and supporting glia. While the dual cellular origin of the trigeminal ganglion has been known for over 60 years, molecules expressed by neural crest cells and placode cells that regulate initial ganglion assembly remain obscure. Prior studies revealed the importance of cell surface cadherin proteins during early trigeminal gangliogenesis, with Cadherin-7 and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) expressed in neural crest cells and placode cells, respectively. Although cadherins typically interact in a homophilic (i.e., like) fashion, the presence of different cadherins on these intermingling cell populations raises the question as to whether heterophilic cadherin interactions may also be occurring during initial trigeminal ganglion formation, which was the aim of this study.

Methods: To assess potential interactions between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin, we used biochemistry and innovative imaging assays conducted in vitro and in vivo, including in the forming chick trigeminal ganglion.

Results: Our data revealed a physical interaction between Cadherin-7 and N-cadherin.

Conclusions: These studies identify a new molecular basis by which neural crest cells and placode cells can aggregate in vivo to build the trigeminal ganglion during embryogenesis.
Providers’ views on hormonal family planning methods: a qualitative study from Dosso, Niger
Authors: Maytan-Joneydi Amelia , MacLachlan Ellen W. , Agali Balki Ibrahim , Louis-Charles Kyria , Chaibou Sanoussi , Amadou Garba Souleymane , Moumouni Abdoul Nouhou , Speizer Ilene S.
Published: July 2022

Background: Family planning (FP) providers play an important role in ensuring that clients are offered a full range of FP methods. This qualitative study explores providers’ views on three hormonal FP methods and why they think women may choose these methods in Niger.                                                   

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 FP providers in 24 government health centers in Dosso region, Niger between February-March 2020. Providers were asked about the suitability of different FP methods for women, including adolescents and married women with children. The interviews were translated and transcribed from Hausa and Zarma into French, thematically coded, and qualitatively analyzed.

Results: Many providers believed discretion to be the most important method attribute for women. Providers report preferring implants for young clients because of the more rapid return to fertility. They disagreed on whether implants or injectables are more discrete for clients. That said, providers felt that clients appreciate the implant’s discretion, effectiveness, long-acting nature, and simplicity of use.  Providers perceived that the majority of women choose injectables due to familiarity with the method, the fact that it is “invisible” to an outsider, and a lack of awareness of implants. Providers stated that while women may not initially choose the implant, when given more information about it, they were more open to adopting it, or switching from another method, and less likely to believe local myths. Providers believed that women find pills to be indiscreet.

Conclusions: The findings highlight that while providers have perspectives on suitable methods for certain women, they also recognize that clients have their own preferences, such as how discreet the method is. As programs continue to expand method choice and new contraceptive technologies undergo research and development, highly desirable features such as discretion need to be considered.
Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
Authors: Koivisto Antti Joonas , Trabucco Sara , Ravegnani Fabrizio , Calzolari Francescopiero , Nicosia Alessia , Del Secco Benedetta , Altin Marko , Morabito Elisa , Blosi Magda , Costa Anna , Belosi Franco
Published: July 2022

Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO2 particles from the air purifier to indoor air could cause a safety concern. A TiO2 release potential was measured for one commercially available photocatalytic air purifier “Gearbox Wivactive” to ensure a successful implementation of the photocatalytic air purifying technology.

Methods: In this study, the TiO2 release was studied under laboratory-simulated conditions from a  Gearbox Wivactive consisting of ceramic honeycombs coated with photocatalytic nitrogen doped TiO2 particles. The TiO2 particle release factor was measured in scalable units according to the photoactive surface area and volume flow (TiO2-ng/m2×m3). The impact of  Gearbox Wivactive on indoor concentration level under reasonable worst-case conditions was predicted by using the release factor and a well-mixed indoor aerosol model.

Results: The instrumentation and experimental setup was not sufficiently sensitive to quantify the emissions from the photoactive surfaces. The upper limit for TiO2 mass release was <185×10-3 TiO2-ng/m2×m3. Under realistic conditions the TiO2 concentration level in a 20 m3 room ventilated at rate of 0.5 1/h and containing two Gearbox Wivactive units resulted <20×10-3 TiO2-ng/m3.

Conclusions: The release potential was quantified for a photocatalytic surface in generalized units that can be used to calculate the emission potential for different photocatalytic surfaces used in various operational conditions. This study shows that the TiO2 nanoparticle release potential was low in this case and the release does not cause relevant exposure as compared to proposed occupational exposure limit values for nanosized TiO2. The TiO2 release risk was adequately controlled under reasonable worst-case operational conditions.
Implementation of a pan-European ecosystem and an interoperable platform for Smart and Healthy Ageing in Europe: An Innovation Action research protocol
Authors: Seidel Katja , Labor Melanie , Lombard-Vance Richard , McEvoy Emma , Cooke Michael , D’Arino Lucia , Desmond Deirdre , Ferri Delia , Franke Philip , Gheno Ilenia , Grigoleit Sonja , Guerra Barbara , Krukowski Artur , Pešoutová Marketa , Pietri Ilia , Prendergast David , Maguire Rebecca , Manso Marco , Saris A. Jamie , Sarlio-Siintola Sari , Silva Tatiana , Zarogianni Eleni , MacLachlan Malcom ,   SHAPES Consortium
Published: July 2022

As life expectancy continues to increase in most EU Member States, smart technologies can help enable older people to continue living at home, despite the challenges accompanying the ageing process. The Innovation Action (IA) SHAPES ‘Smart and Healthy Ageing through People Engaging in Supportive Systems’ funded by the EU under the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement number 857159) attends to these topics to support active and healthy ageing and the wellbeing of older adults.

This protocol article outlines the SHAPES project’s objectives and aims, methods, structure, and expected outcomes. SHAPES seeks to build, pilot, and deploy a large-scale, EU-standardised interoperable, and scalable open platform. The platform will facilitate the integration of a broad range of technological, organisational, clinical, educational, and social solutions. SHAPES emphasises that the home is much more than a house-space; it entails a sense of belonging, a place and a purpose in the community. SHAPES creates an ecosystem – a network of relevant users and stakeholders – who will work together to scale-up smart solutions. Furthermore, SHAPES will create a marketplace seeking to connect demand and supply across the home, health and care services. Finally, SHAPES will produce a set of recommendations to support key stakeholders seeking to integrate smart technologies in their care systems to mediate care delivery.

Throughout, SHAPES adopts a multidisciplinary research approach to establish an empirical basis to guide the development of the platform. This includes long-term ethnographic research and a large-scale pan-European campaign to pilot the platform and its digital solutions within the context of seven distinct pilot themes. The project will thereby address the challenges of ageing societies in Europe and facilitate the integration of community-based health and social care. SHAPES will thus be a key driver for the transformation of healthcare and social care services across Europe.
Higher Education and Athlete’s Second Career
Authors: Metelski Adam
Published: July 2022

Introduction and purpose. Many athletes obtain popularity during their time in sports, but what they do after the end of their professional careers is something that is rarely well known. It has to be stated that a sports career is a specific activity because it starts early in life, lasts relatively short, and the greatest successes usually occur when non-athlete peers are just starting to climb the steps of a typical professional career. Some former athletes do great after they retire from sports, but there are also many of those who have difficulties finding themselves in a new for them reality. The article aims to present how the level of education of former athletes’ affects their subsequent professional careers.
Material and method. The study involved 301 former basketball players who previously played in 4 top leagues in Poland. The dependent variables in this study are the most common in the literature on the subject indicators of career success, such as earnings and job satisfaction. In turn, the independent variable is the level of education. In addition, the study considered whether the represented sports level influences the acquisition of education.
Results. It turns out that those players who played in the top league finished their sports careers later and thus earned longer on basketball. However, more players from the lower leagues have higher education, and they are now more satisfied with their work.
 
Conclusions. It may not be easy to combine professional sports at the highest level with studying. But the results of the research show that in the case of basketball, many athletes graduate from university. What is more, former players with higher education are usually very satisfied with their current job. In conclusion, it can be stated that former basketball players do well in their second careers, compared to the national average.
El marketing del neuromarketing en la industria cinematográfica.
Authors: Sanz Aznar Javier
Published: July 2022

Está comprobado que el neuromarketing es una herramienta efectiva para perfeccionar ciertas estrategias de venta. A pesar de esa afirmación, existen discusiones sobre cuáles son los límites reales de su efectividad y cómo debe ser la metodología en base a la que se establezcan las mediciones que reflejen los procesos neuronales de los sujetos de estudio. Un área concreta donde las estrategias de neuromarketing resultan más opacas y están menos validadas empíricamente por experimentos publicados en revistas científicas es en el sector cinematográfico. La incidencia potencial comprobada experimentalmente del neuromarketing en la industria cinematográfica contrasta con las informaciones difundidas por canales no científicos en torno a su eficacia controlando los procesos de decisión de los espectadores. En base a estas comunicaciones difundidas, el espectador puede resultar convencido de que el film que va a presenciar se ha servido de estrategias de neuromarketing diseñadas para que le afecten a un nivel biológico, sintiéndose más indefenso ante el film que si no se le hubiese condicionado por esta creencia. Esta predisposición conlleva que el propio anuncio de haber aplicado técnicas de neuromarketing para el diseño del audiovisual funcione a nivel efectivo como marketing que condiciona al espectador. Para analizar esta situación, compararemos casos concretos donde se publicita el uso del neuromarketing por parte de empresas centradas en el sector cinematográfico con la realidad empírica demostrable a partir de estudios científicos publicados que han abordado el neuromarketing aplicado en el medio audiovisual.
Investigation of Electrical Discharge Machining Properties of Reinforced Cryogenic Treated AA7075 Composites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India, Velusamy Mohankumar , Kumarasamy Soorya Prakash ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, India, Sathiavelu Sendhil Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
Published: July 2022

The demand for materials arises to improve the effi ciency of the structural, aerospace and automotive components. It induces to identifi cation and production of composite materials. Amongst the varieties, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite is widely used in automotive and aerospace industries because if inheriting wide range of acceptable mechanical and tribological properties besides being constructive by holding high strength to weight ratio. Herein, ED machining properties of cryogenic treated AA7075-B4C composites were analysed. B4C particles reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composites were prepared by using one of the liquid metrological method viz. stir casting. The samples were cryogenically treated at various soaking time periods (12, 24 & 36 hours). In ED Machining, material removal (MR) rate, tool wear (TW) rate and surface roughness (Ra) parameters were analysed depending upon the inputs viz. soaking time (SoT), electrode gap (Gap), current, Pon (pulse ON time), Poff (pulse OFF time). Experimentation remarks that current be one of the mostly infl uencing parameter towards ED machining than any other considerations in this part of research.
Analysis of Pesticide Residual Levels In Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain, Flour and Processed Items in Selected Areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Das Anuj Kumer , Hasan G. M. M. Anwarul
Published: July 2022

In this study, the residual levels of Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in maize grain, maize flour and processed items were determined. A total of 90 samples were collected and analyzed by Gas chromatography Tandem Mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Several OPPs residues including Dichlorvos (964.38 ± 143.21 μg/kg), Methyl Parathion (43.98 ± 12.90 μg/kg) and Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) (39.82 ± 10.75 μg/kg) were detected in maize grain samples while Dichlorvos (128.65 ± 22.78 μg/kg) and Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) (12.54 ± 7.66 μg/kg) were detected in maize flour samples and no OPPs residues were detected in processed maize items. Among the OCPs residues, p′,p′-DDE (6.54 ± 2.66 μg/kg), p′,p′-DDD (3.54 ± 2.98 μg/kg) and p′,p′-DDT (4.32 ± 2.98 μg/kg) were detected in maize grain samples while no residues were detected in maize flour and processed items. None of detected pesticide residual concentration exceeds the maximum residue limits (MRLs). From this analysis it can be concluded that, there have no potential health hazards from raw and processed maize items from the studied area.
Rheograms Describing the Evolution of Dynamic Viscosity as a Function of Shear rate and Shear Stress for Vegetable oils
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: July 2022

The proposed rheological study for six vegetable oils which are: olive oil, coconut oil, almound oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil and sunflower oil shows their non-Newtonian behavior. With the help of the Rheotest viscometer I determined the shear stress and then the dynamic viscosity. The analysis of the rheograms shows a decrease in the dynamic viscosity with the temperature and shear rate for the four studied vegetable oils.
Structural and Vibrational Properties of Solid Naphthalene (C10H8) by Use of VTBFS Model
Authors: Srivastava Umesh Chandra , Singh Shyamendra Pratap
Published: July 2022

In this article author’s are reporting lattice dynamical properties of naphthalene (C10H8) by use of VTBFS model. we also report the combined density of states (CDS), dispersion relation and elastic properties of naphthalene. So, use of the present model the lattice property of naphthalene is reported successfully. Moreover, within our reported result the lattice modes exhibit more drastic changes in the structural and vibrational properties of naphthalene.
Optically Important Transparent Syndiotactic Polystyrene/FeS Composites Grown by Low Sol-gel Route
Authors: Kaundal Jyoti Bala , Goswami Y C , Sharma Ranjana
Published: July 2022

Syndiotactic Polystyrene based composites have recently shown wide applications in optoelectronic, magnetic, and memory-based devices. In the present work, we have first reported Polystyrene coated fine FeS Nanocomposites using the low-cost Sol-Gel route. These Nanocomposites were characterized for structural properties through XRD, Molecular properties through FT-IR spectroscopy, and morphology through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. XRD peak shows the high crystallinity in the material with the formation of FeS pyrite structure. Polystyrene (PS), which has amorphous nature, turns into crystallite composites with FeS Nanocomposites. Composites also exhibit excellent photoluminescence behavior.
Performance Indicators for the Evolution of Areas of Innovation: Porto Digital Case
Authors: Rapetti Carina , Pique Josep Miquel , Figlioli Aline , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina
Published: July 2022

Areas of Innovation (AOIs) need urban, economic, social and governance development. Building upon the theories of Triple Helix, Knowledge-Based Urban Development, Clusters of Innovation, and the evolution phases of AOIs, this study presents in a novel way, key performance indicators (KPI) that can be used to track and monitor the progress of an innovation district in distinct phases of development towards the achievement of its goals. Using the Porto Digital Case in Recife, the most awarded project in Brazil underway for 20 years at a Triple Helix hybrid organization Núcleo Gestor do Porto Digital (NGPD), performance indicators are analysed and classified. This yields further understanding of which stage of development they have become operative (from inception to maturity), which dimensions affected (namely, urban, economic, social and governance), and who (Triple Helix agents) has been involved with the major action power over it.
Desposesión simbólica de la pesca artesanal: las limitaciones de las políticas de sostenibilidad en Chile entre 1974 y 2021
Authors: Bailey Gino Miguel , Casellas Antònia , Ariza Eduard
Published: July 2022

La crisis de las capturas pesqueras que afecta a las comunidades artesanales es un fenómeno complejo causado por transformaciones climáticas, cambios en el comportamiento de los océanos y la sobreexplotación pesquera. La gestión pesquera sostenible extendida en las últimas décadas en muchos países ha cambiado la gestión de los recursos a partir de la regulación de la sobreexplotación y el establecimiento de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo de la pesca. A partir del estudio de dos localidades pesqueras de Chile y a través de una metodología cualitativa y enfoque sistémico se analizan los procesos de desposesión en los últimos cuarenta años. Se concluye que además de la desposesión biofísica sobre las comunidades pesqueras tradicionales, se produce un proceso de desposesión inmaterial y simbólico sobre la pesca artesanal acentuado por el modelo neoliberal, que afecta la capacidad local, obstruyendo un proyecto económico alternativo vinculado al territorio.
Narrow bandgap Al0.15In0.85As0.77Sb0.23 for mid-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Dadey Adam A. , Jones Andrew H. , McArthur Andrew J. , Wang Ellie Y. , Muhowski Aaron J. , Bank Seth R. , Campbell Joe C.
Published: July 2022

Mid-IR is a useful wavelength range for both science and military applications due to its low atmospheric attenuation and ability to be used for passive detection. However, many solutions for detecting light in this spectral region need to be operated at cryogenic temperatures as their required narrow bandgaps suffer from carrier recombination and band-to-band tunneling at room temperature leading to high dark currents. These problems can be alleviated by using a separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiode. We have recently demonstrated such a device with a 3-µm cutoff using Al0.15In0.85As0.77Sb0.23, as the absorber, grown on GaSb. Here we investigate Al0.15In0.85As0.77Sb0.23 as a simple PIN homojunction and provide metrics to aid in future designs using this material. PL spectrum measurements indicate a bandgap of 2.94 µm at 300 K. External quantum efficiencies of 39% and 33% are achieved at 1.55 µm and 2 µm respectively. Between 180 K and 280 K the activation energy is ∼0.22 eV, roughly half the bandgap of Al0.15In0.85As0.77Sb0.23, indicating thermal generation is dominant.
4-bit DAC based 6.9Gb/s PAM-8 UOWC system using single-pixel mini-LED and digital pre-compensation
Authors: Cheng Chen , Li Xueyang , Xiang Qian , Li Jun , Jin Yongchao , Wei Zixian , Fu H. Y. , Yang Yanfu
Published: July 2022

Low-cost underwater wireless optical communication (UOWC) systems are attractive for high-speed connections among unmanned vehicles or devices in various underwater applications. Here we demonstrate a high-speed and low-cost UOWC system using a low-resolution digital to analog converter (DAC), a single-pixel mini-sized light-emitting diode (mini-LED), and digital pre-compensation (DPC). The enabled DPC scheme comprises digital pre-distortion (DPD), digital pre-emphasis (DPE), and digital resolution enhancer (DRE), which pre-compensate for mini-LED nonlinearity, the bandwidth limitation of the mini-LED and avalanche photodiode detector, and DAC resolution limitation, respectively. The simulation results show that the in-band signal-to-quantization noise ratio can be increased by 6.8 dB using DRE based on a 4-bit DAC. To further improve the system capacity, we tune the level of DPE in order to optimize the trade-off between the residual inter-symbol interference and signal-to-noise ratio. With the combination of optimized DPE and DRE, we obtain a 21.1% higher data rate compared with full DPE only and demonstrate the transmission of 6.9 Gb/s PAM-8 signal over a 2-m distance underwater based on a single-pixel mini-LED and 4-bit DAC. This paper reports a cost-effective UOWC system first using a low-resolution DAC and DPC, which offers a promising path toward low-cost underwater optical wireless networks.
Only-train-electrical-to-optical-conversion (OTEOC): simple diffractive neural networks with optical readout
Authors: Wu Lin , Zhang Ziyang
Published: July 2022

Machine learning hardware based on optical diffraction is emerging as a new computing platform with high throughput and low latency. The current all-optical diffractive deep neural networks often suffer from complex optical configuration, lack of efficient optical nonlinear activation, and critical alignment between optical layers for system integration. The opto-electronic diffractive neural networks can partially address these issues by shifting some computation load, e.g., nonlinear activation and adaptive training, to the electronic domain. However, these hybrid networks require extra optical-to-electrical conversion that inevitably slows the overall process down. Here, we propose a simple opto-electronic diffractive neural network with just one optical layer enabled by a standard phase-only spatial light modulator. The proposed system can classify images by optical readout and does not need to collect the light distribution for subsequent electronic computation. The nonlinear function is intrinsically integrated in the essential encoding process from the electronic input to the modulated wavefront of light. Thanks to its simplicity, the system can reach high classification accuracy without calibration and can be reconfigured by updating the weights without changing or moving any physical component. We believe this technology brings diffractive neural networks a step closer to building realistic optics-based neurocomputers.
Bispectral phasor imaging using continuous-wave time-of-flight camera for scattering-scene depth recovery
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Wang Xia , Zhao Yuwei , Fang Yujie , Su Binghua
Published: July 2022

In scattering scenes, depth measurements are greatly distorted due to light scattering for Time-of-flight imaging. We propose a bispectral Time-of-flight system and phasor-based depth-recovery method to improve the quality of depth maps in scattering scenes. We reveal that the amplitude of scattered light is wavelength dependent while the phase measured is wavelength independent. The method uses bispectral measurements to nullify the effects of scattering components by calculating the amplitude ratio of scattering phasors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a significant improvement in depth recovery with robustness and low computational cost.
VO2-assisted multifunctional metamaterial for polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission
Authors: Zhao Yijia , Yang Rongcao , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Wenmei , Tian Jinping
Published: July 2022

A VO2-assisted temperature-controlled multifunctional metamaterial polarization converter with large asymmetric transmission (AT) is proposed by introducing a gold-VO2 grating. The converter can be switched between reflection mode and transmission mode by controlling the phase transition. When VO2 is in the metallic state, the converter works in reflection mode, converting the incident forward/backward linearly/circularly polarized waves into the cross-polarized waves, and the broadband polarization conversion rates (PCRs) can reach 90% with relative bandwidth of up to 91.1% and 87.5%, respectively; when VO2 is in the insulating state, the converter shows giant AT effect for circularly polarized waves at 0.64 THz and 1.28 THz. The multifunctional polarization converter holds great potential in the fields of communication and imaging, which provides a new way to design optical devices such as polarizers, isolators.
Orbital angular momentum mode diversity gain in optical communication
Authors: Nong Lvye , Ren Jianjun , Guan Zhiwei , Wang Chaofeng , Ye Huapeng , Liu Junmin , Li Ying , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing
Published: July 2022

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes show superior multiplexing abilities in enhancing communication capacity. However, the signal fading induced by turbulence noise severely degrades the communication performance and even leads to communication interruption. Herein, we propose a diversity gain strategy to mitigate signal fading in OAM multiplexing communication and investigate the gain combination and channel assignment to optimize the diversity efficiency and communication capacity. Endowing signals with distinct channel matrices and superposing them with designed channel weights, we perform the diversity gain with an optimal gain efficiency, and the signal fading is mitigated by equalizing the turbulence noise. For the tradeoff between turbulence noise tolerance and communication capacity, multiplexed channels are algorithm-free assigned for diversity and multiplexing according to bit-error-rate and outage probability. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a 6-channel multiplexing communication, where 3 OAM modes are assigned for diversity gain and 24 Gbit/s QPSK-OFDM signals are transmitted. After diversity gain, the bit-error-rate decreases from 1.41 × 10−2 to 1.63 × 10−4 at -14 dBm, and the outage probability of 86.7% is almost completely suppressed.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: REAVALIAR PARA TORNAR O BRASIL UM PAÍS CAPAZ DE SUPRIR SUAS NECESSIDADES NA PRODUÇÃO DE INSUMOS FARMACÊUTICOS ATIVOS (IFA)
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Damaris
Published: July 2022

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: REAVALIAR PARA TORNAR O BRASIL UM PAÍS CAPAZ DE SUPRIR SUAS NECESSIDADES NA PRODUÇÃO DE INSUMOS FARMACÊUTICOS ATIVOS (IFA)
SITUAÇÃO REGULATÓRIA ATUAL E PROPOSTA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ESPECTROSCOPIA RAMAN COMO TÉCNICA DE MONITORAMENTO DA UNIFORMIDADE DE CONTEÚDO NA PARTIÇÃO DE COMPRIMIDOS SULCADOS
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Gonçalves de Magalhães , Bandini Thiago Bousquet , Rocha Helvécio Vinícius Antunes
Published: July 2022

Dentre as formas farmacêuticas existentes, as mais utilizadas são as sólidas, mais especificamente os comprimidos. Estes podem apresentar um sulco em sua superfície de forma a viabilizar sua partição, uma prática comum, principalmente no tratamento de crianças e idosos. Pesquisas revelam que a divisão de comprimidos e o método de partição podem interferir na dosagem do fármaco e prejudicar o regime terapêutico. Algumas bases regulatórias e farmacopeias reconhecem a prática da partição e requerem a realização de testes para avaliação da uniformidade de unidade de dose em comprimidos sulcados. Assim, esse trabalho propõe avaliar o impacto da partição de comprimidos sulcados utilizando os ensaios propostos nas principais farmacopeias e apresentando o Raman como técnica alternativa. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa utilizando diferentes bases de dados e agências regulatórias. Algumas bases regulatórias permitem a partição de comprimidos com recomendações e as farmacopeias preconizam que esta seja avaliada através do ensaio de uniformidade de unidade de dose. Estudos demonstraram que a divisão utilizando cortadores de comprimidos é mais precisa, seguida pelo corte manual e, por fim, usando faca e tesoura. A técnica Raman pode ser utilizada para a avaliação proposta. Diante da carência desse tema, percebe-se a necessidade de regulamentação mais detalhada. Alguns estudos informam que é necessário que o comprimido apresente algumas características para que a partição ocorra uniformemente e Raman demonstrou rapidez na caracterização de substâncias e comparabilidade de resultados frente a outras técnicas.
ACTIVE FOOD PACKAGING: A BRIEF REVIEW OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS, EDIBLE COATINGS, AND SACHETS
Authors: Da Silveira Michelle Fernandes , Rabanal Raúl Comettant
Published: July 2022

Food packaging generally consists of low-cost and non-degradable plastic materials that contribute to environmental pollution. For this reason, new food-packaging systems with good mechanical and barrier properties have been developed as an alternative to replace synthetic polymers used in food packaging. In this sense, this article briefly reviews the active packaging concept and the development of biodegradable films, edible coatings, and sachets used in food preservation. These technological innovations gained increasing importance in the food industry over the years, constituting a new paradigm in the industry, as they interact desirably with food, promoting various solutions such as: extending or maintaining the shelf life, monitoring or improving the quality and safety of food products. In addition, these innovative systems have aroused the interest of researchers for their ability to prevent deterioration and maintain the fresh aspect, firmness, and brightness of foods, making them more attractive to consumers. Several studies have shown that active packaging is an efficient system for preserving fruits and vegetables. The application of biodegradable films, edible coatings, and sachets was discussed in this work, showing the benefits of their use in various food products.
Socialism and Ecological Survival: An Introduction
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Clark Brett
Published: July 2022

Time is running out for humanity to avoid a catastrophic planetary tipping point. Widespread mass mobilizations of populations worldwide must fight to bring about revolutionary societal changes and dismantle neoliberal monopoly capitalism, with its reliance on extractive exploitation of our planet's resources and communities.
Kajian Efisiensi Penggunaan Lahan dan Pola Persebaran Perumahan di Ibukota Kabupaten Purwakarta
Authors: Martanto Arif
Published: July 2022

Sektor perumahan di Kota Purwakarta mengalami perkembangan pesat. Kebutuhan akan lahan untukperumahan menjadi tantangan serius ketika kota dihadapkan pada pertumbuhan penduduk yangsemakin pesat. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menggambarkanperkembangan perumahan terkait luasan, lokasi, serta pola persebarannya secara berkala sampai tahun2010. Analisis intensitas pemanfaatan lahan meneliti efisiensi penggunaan lahan masing-masingperumahan melalui pemeriksaaan kepadatan bangunan dan koefisien dasar bangunan (BuildingCoverage). Analisis tetangga terdekat digunakan untuk mengetahui pola perumahan melaluipenghitungan besarnya parameter tetangga terdekat di wilayah penelitian. Analisis ketersediaan dankebutuhan dilaksanakan rumah untuk mengukur tingkat ketersediaan rumah pada tahun 2010. Overlaypeta menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kawasan perumahan selama 23 tahun hingga tahun 2010mengakibatkan konversi lahan meliputi 2,57% atau 118,76 Ha menjadi kaveling terbangun, 2,23% (103,33Ha) menjadi sarana dan prasarana perumahan, serta 0,11% (5,16 Ha) menjadi lahan TPU. Analisis modelekspresi keruangan kota menunjukkan bahwa Kota Purwakarta berkembang dengan pola ‘gurita’ .Analisis menemukan 38 perumahan yang tersebar tidak merata dan berpola ‘acak’ dengan nilai T/indekstetangga terdekat sebesar 1,05. Analisis intensitas pemanfaatan lahan menunjukkan bahwa hanyaterdapat 6 perumahan yang efisien dalam pemanfaatan lahannya. Analisis juga menemukan bahwa padatahun 2010 di Kota Purwakarta terdapat backlog ketersediaan rumah sebesar 13.642 unit.Kata kunci : efisiensi, penggunaan lahan, pola persebaran dan perumahan
Polyvinyl alcohol/gum Arabic hydrogel preparation and cytotoxicity for wound healing improvement
Authors: Elblbesy Mohamed A. , Hanafy Taha A. , Shawki Mamdouh M.
Published: July 2022

The application of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as wound dressing faces many restrictions due to its insufficient elasticity, stiff membrane, and very limited hydrophilicity. These drawbacks can be limited through cross-linking with other natural biopolymers such as gum Arabic (GA). PVA hydrogels blended with six different GA concentrations were prepared. The characterization of these hydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The swelling ratio (% SR) percentage has been calculated. The possible cytotoxicity was determined using a sulforhodamine B assay. Wound healing test was performed on human skin fibroblast cells. Our results indicated that by increasing GA concentration in PVA hydrogel, the % SR increases and the cytotoxicity effect decreases. The results indicate also a significant gradual decrease in the wound area with time as the GA concentration increases in the PVA hydrogel. Therefore, GA improves the biological applications of PVA hydrogel.
An intelligent approach for reservoir quality evaluation in tight sandstone reservoir using gradient boosting decision tree algorithm
Authors: Ma Longfei , Xiao Hanmin , Tao Jingwei , Zheng Taiyi , Zhang Haiqin
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on the study of identifying the quality of tight sandstone reservoirs based on machine learning. The machine learning method – Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm is used to design and classify reservoir quality. First, it is based on logging data, core observation, cast thin section, and reservoir physical statistics. The permeability, porosity, resistivity, mud content, sand-to-ground ratio, and sand thickness were preferred as reservoir evaluation criteria in the area, and the gray correlation method was used to obtain reservoir quality categories and construct training datasets. The machine learning GBDT algorithm is used to train and test the obtained dataset. It is found that the recognition accuracy of the GBDT model is 95% by confusion matrix analysis. In addition, it is compared with four commonly used reservoir prediction methods (Bayesian discriminant method, random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network) for verifying the reliability of the GBDT model. Finally, the GBDT model is used to identify the reservoir quality of the study area, and it is well verified in the production data. The research results show that the GBDT model can become an important tool for rapid and real-time tight sandstone reservoir evaluation.
Adsorption capacity of bio-char prepared from the pyrolysis of hazelnut shells at different temperatures
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Zhang Yu , Xing Yupeng , Yang Yulong , Gong Ao , Lv Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuhan , Chen Aihui , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Juhui
Published: July 2022

Biomass pyrolysis to produce bio-char is one of the scientific and effective means of utilizing biomass resources. Differ from previous studies, this paper explored the effect of pyrolysis temperature (400–1000 °C) on the adsorption capacity of hazelnut shell bio-char from two perspectives, including physical macroscopic structure and functional group microscopic adsorption, and the practical adsorption application tests on common 7 kinds of heavy metals in polluted water were further carried out. The results showed that the yield and adsorption of bio-char prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures varied significantly, as the temperature increased, bio-char yield and surface acid functional group content decreased, the adsorption rate on most of heavy metals increased firstly and then decreased (except for Cr6+), the adsorption capacity of bio-char prepared at above 600 °C was mainly affected by physical macroscopic structure, and at 800 °C, bio-char had a large number of pore structures, and pore structure has been fully developed, iodine adsorption value and BET specific surface area were 595.36 mg/g and 197.32 mg/m2, respectively, the adsorption effect of bio-char on Cr6+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were best, and the adsorption rates were 45.23%, 44.14%, 60.11%, 61.28% and 65.07% respectively. It revealed that although the absorption effect of bio-chars prepared at different temperatures on different heavy metals had a great variation, large specific surface area and developed pore structure still played important role in the adsorption capacity of bio-char. These provided a reference for the application of hazelnut shell bio-char based on adsorption properties, especially absorbing heavy metals in polluted water.
The crystal structure of 3-(2-bromophenyl)-1,5-di-p-tolylpentane-1,5-dione, C25H23BrO2
Authors: Liu Wanxing , Dai Yifan , Shen Guodong
Published: July 2022

C25H23BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6229(7) Å, b = 21.7953(16) Å, c = 10.9104(6) Å, β = 109.330(7)°, V = 2159.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0499, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1385, T = 293 K.
Influence of impurities and structural defects on the properties of CdTe- and CdZnTe-based detectors
Authors:   NSC «Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology», Kondrik A. I. , Kovtun G. P. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: July 2022

The most researched materials for uncooled semiconductor detectors of ionizing radiation are CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te, which allow to obtain detectors with high values of resistivity ρ and electron mobility. In the process of producing detector materials, the background impurities and defects can be introduced into their matrix, and as a result the deep levels appear in the bandgap, acting as centers of capture and recombination of nonequilibrium charge carriers and reducing the registration ability of detectors. The aim of this study was to determine by computer simulation method the nature of the effect of background impurities and structural defects on the electrophysical and detector properties of CdTe and CdZnTe. Quantitative studies were conducted using reliability-tested models. The authors used the examples of Cl, Fe, Pb, Cr, Co, Ti, V, Ni, Ge, Sn to study the effect of doping and background impurities on the resistivity ρ, lifetime of nonequilibrium electrons and holes, the charge collection efficiency η of detectors based on CdTe and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te. The influence of cadmium vacancies on the degradation of the ρ and η of the detectors based on the materials under study was clarified. Impurities were found that reduce ρ and η in detectors based on CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te:Al. The ultimate concentration of donor impurities and defects with their uniform distribution over the crystal volume without the formation of clusters was determined. The effect of the Fermi level and defect levels on the change and degradation of the properties of the materials under study was found. The ratios of the concentrations of background impurities and defects were established, making it possible to obtain semiconductors CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te of an acceptable detector quality.