bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI SISWA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SISWA KELAS XI SMK SWASTA SATRIA BINJAI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Syahputra Dedi Hermawan
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Konsep Diri Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Siswa Kelas XI SMK Swasta Satria Binjai Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Peneliti mengambil sampel sebanyak 20% dari masing-masing kelas secara acak, sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 26 siswa. Pemahaman konsep diri siswa masih rendah, dapat dilihat dari perolehan nilai rata-rata pada hasil jawaban angket siswa sebesar 60,19. Hal ini yang menjadi akbat dari rendahnya prestasi belajar PKn siswa setelah dilihat dari daftar nilai rata-rata ulangan harian siswa sebesar 70. Setelah siswa diberi pemahaman tentang konsep diri, perolehan nilai rata-rata pada hasil jawaban angket siswa meningkat sebesar 85,19. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan setelah melihat nilai dari daftar nilai ulangan harian siswa yang diberikan guru PKn setelah penelitian ini selesai dilaksanakan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 80. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui homogenitas data yang telah diperoleh, telah diketahui bahwa Fhitung > Ftabel, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa data yang diperoleh adalah homogen. Untuk menguji hipotesis pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan perhitungan statistik dengan menggunakan rumus uji t dengan temuan bahwa nilai thitung > ttabel. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa hipotesis kerja atau Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa “terdapat pengaruh konsep diri siswa terhadap prestasi belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan siswa kelas XI SMK Swasta Satria Binjai tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.”kata kunci : konsep diri, prestasi belajar siswa, belajar PKn siswa
APLIKASI PENJADWALAN OTOMATIS UJIAN PROPOSAL DAN SIDANG SKRIPSI PADA FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH RIAU
Authors: Mukhtar Harun
Published: March 2020

Penjadwalan otomatis ujian proposal dan sidang skripsi pada Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau merupakan proses penyusunan jadwal pelaksanaan yang menginformasikan sejumlah penjadwalan ujian proposal dan sidang skripsi, nama dosen pembimbing, ruang dan waktu ujian proposal dan sidang skripsi. Penyusunan jadwal secara manual yang sedang berjalan saat ini cenderung membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dan ketelitian yang cukup bagi akademik untuk membuat jadwal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah akademik dalam pengelolaan data ujian proposal dan sidang skripsi dalam penginputan data mahasiswa. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan terstruktur yang menggunakan beberapa alat bantu seperti Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), dan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). Metode pengembangan software yang digunakan adalah metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, telah berhasil membuat perangkat lunak Penjadwalan otomatis ujian proposal dan sidang skripsi pada Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau yang dapat membantu akademik dalam pengelolaan data mahasiswa.

Kata kunci : penjadwalan otomatis ujian,proposal dan sidang skripsi, web.
APLIKASI PENGENALAN SITUS BERSEJARAH DI KOTA PEKANBARU DENGAN AUGMENTED REALITY MARKERLESS BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Mukhtar Harun , Soni Soni , Setiawan Heri
Published: March 2020

Historical sites are places or areas where there is information about historical relics. But ingeneral there are not many people who know the historical sites in Indonesia, especially in the city ofPekanbaru. The lack of information media also lies behind the public's ignorance. Therefore we needmedia publications to introduce these historic sites, namely by using Android-based Augmented RealityMarkerless technology. Making this application uses Blender software to create 3D objects andUnity3D software to create Augmented Reality applications. The purpose of this study is to help thepublic get to know the historical sites in the city of Pekanbaru by building interactive introductionmedia that can display photos and 3D objects from the site, it is hoped that people can more easilyrecognize and learn about historical sites in the city of Pekanbaru
Session to Session Transfer Learning Method Using Independent Component Analysis with Regularized Common Spatial Patterns for EEG-MI Signals
Authors: Alhakeem Zaineb , Ali Ramzy
Published: March 2020

Training the user in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on brain signals that recorded using Electroencephalography Motor Imagery (EEG-MI) signal is a time-consuming process and causes tiredness to the trained subject, so transfer learning (subject to subject or session to session) is very useful methods of training that will decrease the number of recorded training trials for the target subject. To record the brain signals, channels or electrodes are used. Increasing channels could increase the classification accuracy but this solution costs a lot of money and there are no guarantees of high classification accuracy. This paper introduces a transfer learning method using only two channels and a few training trials for both feature extraction and classifier training. Our results show that the proposed method Independent Component Analysis with Regularized Common Spatial Pattern (ICA-RCSP) will produce about 70% accuracy for the session to session transfer learning using few training trails. When the proposed method used for transfer subject to subject the accuracy was lower than that for session to session but it still better than other methods.
Spot Model for Identifications of Periods in Asynchronous Polars
Authors: Wang Qishan , Qian Shengbang , Han Zhongtao , Fang Xiaohui , Zang Lei , Liu Wei
Published: March 2020

We improved the discless accretion models in Wynn & King considering the effects of the changing aspect due to the white dwarf (WD) spin and the variable feeding intensity caused by the asynchronism, and set up a more general spot model that is not sensitive to the different forms of these effects and can be applied for the period analysis of the optical and X-ray light curve. The spot model can produce the power spectra compatible with the observations, and its simulations limit the ratio P
spin/P
orb < 2 between the powers at the WD spin and the binary orbital frequencies, which is a strong criterion for identification of periods. Then we recognize the periods for CD Ind, BY Cam, and 1RXS J083842.1-282723. The spot model reveals a complex accretion geometry in the asynchronous polars (APs), which may indicate that the complex magnetic field causes their asynchronism. We think 1RXS J083842.1-282723 is a prepolar because of its highest asynchronism and stable light curve. Giving the unstable accretion process in APs, the period analysis of the long-term light curve will make the orbital signal prominent.
Hot Gas in Galaxy Halos Traced by Coronal Broad Lyα Absorbers
Authors: Richter Philipp
Published: March 2020

We explore the possibility to systematically study the extended, hot gaseous halos of low-redshift galaxies with coronal broad Lyα absorbers (CBLAs). These are weak, thermally broadenend H i absorption lines arising from the tiny fraction of neutral hydrogen that resides in the collisionally ionized, million-degree halo gas in these galaxies. Using a semi-analytic approach, we model the spatial density and temperature distribution of hot coronal gas to predict strength, spectral shape, and cross section of CBLAs as a function of galaxy-halo mass and line-of-sight impact parameter. For virial halo masses in the range log

, the characteristic logarithmic CBLA H i column densities and Doppler parameters are log N(H i) = 12.4–13.4 and b(H i) = 70–200 km s−1, indicating that CBLAs represent weak, shallow spectral features that are difficult to detect. Yet, the expected number density of CBLAs per unit redshift in the above given mass range is

(CBLA) ≈ 3, implying that CBLAs have a substantial absorption cross section. We compare the model predictions with a combined set of UV absorption-line spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and HST/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph that trace the halos of four low-redshift galaxies. We demonstrate that CBLAs might already have been detected in these spectra, but the complex multi-component structure and the limited signal-to-noise ratio complicate the interpretation of these CBLA candidate systems. Our study suggests that CBLAs represent a very interesting absorber class that potentially will allow us to further explore the hot coronae of galaxies with UV spectral data.
A New Method to Constrain the Origins of Dark-matter-free Galaxies and Their Unusual Globular Clusters
Authors: Leigh Nathan W. C. , Fragione Giacomo
Published: March 2020

We present a novel method to constrain the past collisional evolution of observed globular cluster (GC) systems, in particular their mass functions. We apply our method to a pair of galaxies hypothesized to have recently undergone an episode of violent relaxation due to a strong galaxy–galaxy interaction, namely, NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4. We begin by exploring the observational evidence for a collisional origin for these two recently discovered ultradiffuse galaxies observed in the NGC 1052 group, posited in the literature to be dark matter free. We compute the timescales for infall to the central nucleus due to dynamical friction for the GCs in these galaxies, using the shortest of these times to constrain how long ago a galaxy–galaxy interaction could have occurred. We go on to quantify the initial GC numbers and densities needed for significant collisional evolution to occur within the allotted times and show that, if the hypothesis of a previous galaxy–galaxy interaction is correct, a paucity of low-mass GCs should be revealed by deeper observational surveys. If any are found, they should be more spatially extended than the currently observed GC population. Finally, we apply our method to these galaxies, in order to illustrate its efficacy in constraining their dynamical evolution. Our results motivate more complete observations of the GC luminosity functions in these galaxies, in addition to future studies aimed at combining the method presented here with a suite of numerical simulations in order to further constrain the origins of the curious GC populations in these (and other) galaxies.
Une réglementation qui résiste aux plateformes de VTC
Authors: Kahmann Marcus
Published: March 2020

En 2013, Uber est le premier opérateur de plateforme qui entre sur le marché du transport individuel de personnes. Divers acteurs professionnels se mobilisent aussitôt pour contester ses services devant les tribunaux. À plusieurs reprises, ils sont déclarés illicites sur le territoire allemand. L’opérateur se voit ainsi obligé de se conformer au cadre réglementaire fédéral. Du fait de cette jurisprudence défavorable, son implantation reste plutôt limitée. La réforme du cadre réglementaire pourrait offrir une sortie de l’impasse réglementaire. Elle est annoncée depuis 2018 mais peine à voir le jour.
Le rôle clé du pouvoir judiciaire dans la régulation des plateformes de VTC
Authors: Carelli Rodrigo , Seferian Gustavo
Published: March 2020

Le texte fait une lecture critique du processus de réglementation des opérateurs de plateformes de VTC au Brésil, en analysant particulièrement la ville de Rio de Janeiro, emblématique de ce qu’il se passe ailleurs dans le pays. Il présente le processus difficile d’entrée de ces opérateurs sur le marché et le rôle important que le pouvoir judiciaire local a joué dans leur légalisation, à l’encontre de la municipalité et des chauffeurs de taxi ; la Cour suprême est ensuite allée dans le même sens que le pouvoir judiciaire local au niveau national.
On the bang-bang control approach via a component-wise line search strategy for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Lee M. S. , Harno H. G. , Goh B. S. , Lim K. H.
Published: March 2020

A bang-bang iteration method equipped with a component-wise line search strategy is introduced to solve unconstrained optimization problems. The main idea of this method is to formulate an unconstrained optimization problem as an optimal control problem to obtain an optimal trajectory. However, the optimal trajectory can only be generated by impulsive control variables and it is a straight line joining a guessed initial point to a minimum point. Thus, a priori bounds are imposed on the control variables in order to obtain a feasible solution. As a result, the optimal trajectory is made up of bang-bang control sub-arcs, which form an iterative model based on the Lyapunov function's theorem. This is to ensure monotonic decrease of the objective function value and convergence to a desirable minimum point. However, a chattering behavior may occur near the solution. To avoid this behavior, the Newton iterations are then applied to the proposed method via a two-phase approach to achieve fast convergence. Numerical experiments show that this new approach is efficient and cost-effective to solve the unconstrained optimization problems.
Climate change and displacement: protecting ‘climate refugees’ within a framework of justice and human rights
Authors: Atapattu Sumudu
Published: March 2020

One of the far-reaching consequences of climate change relates to the forced displacement of people. Climate-induced migration is a very complex issue. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants noted the varied reasons for migration as being armed conflict, poverty, food insecurity, persecution, terrorism, human rights violations, climate change and natural disasters. Despite the recognition in the very first IPCC report in 1990 that the greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration, it took climate negotiators over two decades to include displacement in climate documents. This article discusses complexity, scale and displacement scenarios, paying particular attention to the plight of small island states and to the climate-conflict-displacement nexus. It analyses the legal regime applicable to political refugees under international law and the current legal lacuna with regard to climate refugees. It surveys recent developments including the Global Compact on Migration, and the Task Force on Climate Displacement. This article argues that while current human rights law provides some protection, it is insufficient, and that the international community should take urgent action to design a legal regime to protect the rights of climate displacees. This is especially true of inhabitants of small island states who will be forced to move because their states are ‘disappearing’. The article argues that major emitters owe a legal duty to help climate displacees and especially the inhabitants of small island states.
Synoptic-scale controls of fog and low-cloud variability in the Namib Desert
Authors: Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan , Fuchs Julia , Knippertz Peter , Gaetani Marco , Quinting Julian , Sippel Sebastian , Vogt Roland
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Fog is a defining characteristic of the climate of the Namib Desert, and its water and nutrient input are important for local ecosystems. In part due
to sparse observation data, the local mechanisms that lead to fog occurrence in the Namib are not yet fully understood, and to date, potential
synoptic-scale controls have not been investigated. In this study, a recently established 14-year data set of satellite observations of fog and low
clouds in the central Namib is analyzed in conjunction with reanalysis data in order to identify synoptic-scale patterns associated with fog and low-cloud
variability in the central Namib during two seasons with different spatial fog occurrence patterns. It is found that during both seasons, mean sea
level pressure and geopotential height at 500 hPa differ markedly between fog/low-cloud and clear days, with patterns indicating the presence of
synoptic-scale disturbances on fog and low-cloud days. These regularly occurring disturbances increase the probability of fog and low-cloud
occurrence in the central Namib in two main ways: (1) an anomalously dry free troposphere in the coastal region of the Namib leads to stronger
longwave cooling of the marine boundary layer, increasing low-cloud cover, especially over the ocean where the anomaly is strongest; (2) local
wind systems are modulated, leading to an onshore anomaly of marine boundary-layer air masses. This is consistent with air mass back trajectories and
a principal component analysis of spatial wind patterns that point to advected marine boundary-layer air masses on fog and low-cloud days, whereas
subsiding continental air masses dominate on clear days. Large-scale free-tropospheric moisture transport into southern Africa seems to be a key
factor modulating the onshore advection of marine boundary-layer air masses during April, May, and June, as the associated increase in greenhouse
gas warming and thus surface heating are observed to contribute to a continental heat low anomaly. A statistical model is trained to discriminate
between fog/low-cloud and clear days based on information on large-scale dynamics. The model accurately predicts fog and low-cloud days,
illustrating the importance of large-scale pressure modulation and advective processes. It can be concluded that regional fog in the Namib is predominantly
of an advective nature and that fog and low-cloud cover is effectively maintained by increased cloud-top radiative cooling. Seasonally different
manifestations of synoptic-scale disturbances act to modify its day-to-day variability and the balance of mechanisms leading to its formation and
maintenance. The results are the basis for a new conceptual model of the synoptic-scale mechanisms that control fog and low-cloud variability in the
Namib Desert and will guide future studies of coastal fog regimes.
Sea-ice feedbacks influence the isotopic signature of Greenland Ice Sheet elevation changes: Last Interglacial HadCM3 simulations
Authors: Malmierca-Vallet Irene , Sime Louise C. , Valdes Paul J. , Tindall Julia C.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Changes in the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) affect global sea level. Greenland stable water isotope (δ18O) records from ice cores offer information on past changes in the surface of the GIS. Here, we use the isotope-enabled HadCM3 climate model to simulate a set of Last Interglacial (LIG) idealised GIS surface elevation change scenarios focusing on GIS ice core sites. We investigate how δ18O depends on the magnitude and sign of GIS elevation change and evaluate how the response is altered by sea ice changes. We find that modifying GIS elevation induces changes in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, sea ice and precipitation patterns. These climate feedbacks lead to ice core-averaged isotopic lapse rates of 0.49 ‰ per 100 m for the lowered GIS states and 0.29 ‰ per 100 m for the enlarged GIS states. This is lower than the spatially derived Greenland lapse rates of 0.62–0.72 ‰ per 100 m. These results thus suggest non-linearities in the isotope-elevation relationship, and have consequences for the interpretation of past elevation and climate changes across Greenland. In particular, our results suggest that winter sea ice changes may significantly influence isotopic-elevation gradients: winter sea ice effect can decrease (increase) modelled core-averaged isotopic lapse rate values by about -19 % (and +28 %) for the lowered (enlarged) GIS states respectively. The largest influence of sea ice on δ18O changes is found in coastal regions like the Camp Century site.
Modelling of water and energy exchanges over a sparse olive orchard in semi-arid areas
Authors: Chebbi Wafa , Rivalland Vincent , Fanise Pascal , Boone Aaron , Jarlan Lionel , Chehab Hechmi , Chabaane Zohra Lili , Le Dantec Valérie , Boulet Gilles
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In the Mediterranean basin, olive orchards occupy a large fraction of agricultural lands due to its sustainability to harsh conditions, drought in particular. Since most modeling tools to simulate vegetation functioning are not meant to represent very sparse crops (i.e., rainfed olive trees have a vegetation fraction cover ranging from 2 to 15 %), computing the water needs and the vulnerability to drought of an olive orchard is a challenge. There is indeed a very high contribution of the bare soil signal to the total fluxes, and it is difficult to decipher the contribution of the tree from that of the entire surface. In this context, in an attempt to study the olive tree hydrological functioning at field scale (38 ha), an experimental site was setup and a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere (SVAT) model has been applied. To represent the orchard soil–plant–atmosphere interactions, a simulation with default settings was assessed using parameters derived from both the literature and ground measurements. In this default configuration, neither the predicted actual nor the potential transpiration could reach the observed transpiration acquired during the wet season (R2 = 0.67, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 5.63 mm week−1). We show that the model fails to reproduce the relevant leaf surface that transpires. To address this issue and to improve the estimate of the year-to-year variability of the olive tree transpiration, we propose guidance on how a SVAT model can be modified to more appropriately represent the hydrological functioning of a sparse orchard. Once the tree transpiration is accurately simulated (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.62 mm week−1), we evaluated whether the fully coupled (single patch) or a fully uncoupled (two patch) system better reproduced the total fluxes and their components. Owing to the independent characteristics of the soil columns inherent in the assumption of the 2-patch version, the bare soil column shows a deficiency if the topsoil root extraction is not accounted for. We deduced that we cannot accurately reproduce the soil evaporation in this configuration. This study open perspectives for a better representation of water fluxes over sparse tree crops into both hydrological and SVAT models.
Technical note: Precipitation phase partitioning at landscape-to-regional scales
Authors: Lynn Elissa , Cuthbertson Aaron , He Minxue , Vasquez Jordi P. , Anderson Michael L. , Coombe Peter , Abatzoglou John T. , Hatchett Benjamin J.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Water management throughout the western United States largely relies on the partitioning of cool season mountain precipitation into rain and snow that helps determine water storage in spring snowpack. Recent studies indicate a shift towards increased precipitation falling as rain, consistent with a warming climate. An approach is presented to estimate precipitation partitioning across landscapes from 1948–present by combining fine scale gridded precipitation data with coarse scale freezing-level and precipitation data from an atmospheric reanalysis. A marriage of these datasets allows for a new approach to estimate spatial patterns and trends in precipitation partitioning over elevational and latitudinal gradients in major water supply basins. This product can be used in California as a diagnostic indicator of changing precipitation phase across mountain watersheds. Results show the largest increases in precipitation falling as rain during the past seven decades in lower elevation watersheds located within the climatological rain-snow transition regions of northern California during spring. Further development of the indicator can inform adaptive water management strategy development and implementation in the face of a changing climate.
Reading in Bed with Troilus and Criseyde
Authors: Davidson Clare
Published: March 2020

The metaphorical and literal representation of intimate interpersonal physicality in Troilus and Criseyde has been shaped by critical interpretations that assume natural sexual behavior to be progressive, hierarchical, and consummative. Removing Troilus and Criseyde's affair from the constraints of a “sexual” narrative unveils an alternative Middle English metaphorical language of embodied desire that disrupts modern expectations of arousal. This article promotes a methodological initiative in the cultural development and understanding of embodied feelings, especially those related to arousal, in order to respond to the poetic construction of an ethically-engaged love-prone reader in the medieval poem. By focusing on the depiction of intimacy and desire in Book III, this article queries the narrative basis of sexual intercourse as a consummation-driven activity, and the teleological basis of sexual intercourse as a manifestation of biological purpose or a matter of “human nature.”
ANÁLISE DE INICIATIVAS DE REDD+ NA PERSPECTIVA DE RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO E PERMANÊNCIA DOS RECURSOS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Coletti Pires Fernanda , Paulino Sonia Regina , Salinas Delhi Teresa Paiva
Published: March 2020

A redução de emissões por desmatamento e degradação florestal (REDD+)tem sido abordada no âmbito da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidassobre a Mudança do Clima como instrumento central para mitigar alteraçõesclimáticas. O Brasil é um país-chave nesse assunto, pois tem compromissosinternacionais de redução do desmatamento, iniciativas de REDD+ emandamento e a questão fundiária como fator crítico de desmatamento.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar iniciativas de REDD+ segundo oregime fundiário, com ênfase nos fatores de responsabilização (detentor dodireito) e de permanência dos recursos florestais. Cinquenta e seis iniciativasde REDD+ foram consideradas e analisadas por meio de 17 variáveis. Para oprimeiro fator, foram mapeadas iniciativas em propriedades públicas, privadase mistas que apresentaram diferenças entre proponentes do projeto, porémcom características geográficas equiparadas. Em relação à permanência, asiniciativas, independentemente do tipo de propriedade, estão em áreas deconflitos fundiários e direcionaram ações para o monitoramento florestal,porém foram identificadas variações entre os agentes do desmatamento ea presença de moradores que não detêm a propriedade. Esses resultadosapontam diferentes lacunas nas questões fundiárias, o que demanda umaabordagem diferenciada, de acordo com o tipo de propriedade, para garantiros resultados de REDD+.
Examination of Teachers’ Perceptions of Individual Values in Their Workplaces: A Case of Burdur Province
Authors: Erdogan Barbaros Serdar
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the research is to reveal the individual values perceptions of the teachers working in the Burdur Provincial Directorate of National Education operating under the body of the Ministry of National Education. Participants comprised 131 male and 169 female teachers. When the mean and standard deviation values regarding the teachers’ perceptions of individual values in their workplaces were examined, it was seen that they agreed with the discipline and responsibility dimension, they were undecided about the trust and forgiveness dimension, and they agreed with the honesty and sharing dimension as well as the respect and truth dimension. When perceptions were examined according to range values for the respect and truth dimension, there were significant differences the trust and forgiveness dimension and the sharing and respect dimension. Accordingly, male teachers’ perception levels in the trust and forgiveness dimension were significantly higher than the levels of the female teachers. On the other hand, the perception levels of the female teachers in the sharing and respect dimension were significantly higher than the levels of the male teachers. The perception levels of the single teachers in the trust and forgiveness dimension were significantly higher than the levels of the married teachers. On the other hand, the perception levels of the married teachers in the sharing and respect dimension were significantly higher than the levels of the single teachers. According to the results that we evaluated by the task type variable, a significant difference between groups was observed only in the trust and forgiveness dimension. Accordingly, the perception levels of the contracted teachers in the trust and forgiveness dimension were significantly higher than the levels of the permanent teachers.
Scientific tools for collecting and analysing medical data in rhinology.
Authors: Tretiakow Dmitry , Skorek Andrzej
Published: March 2020

In the era of "Evidence Based Medicine" knowledge of methodology and scientific trends is an indispensable tool for both practitioner and physician-scientist. The ability to interpret data obtained from the literature allows for better diagnosis, treatment and control of patients. The generally accepted structuring of published data and unification of research tools also allows for conducting original and review papers based on our own results.
The purpose of our work was to search for and present scientific tools (questionnaires, scales and checklists) used to collect data in rhinology. The results of these studies were published in reputable magazines in the period 2000-2019 in English. To search for articles, we used MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus date bases.
The use of generally accepted check-lists and questionnaires in the collection of clinical data and their assessment allows to significantly increase the quality of the collected data and their scientific attractiveness, which in turn is applied to the easier possibility of publishing the obtained results and further citing them in reputable specialist journals.
Prevalence of Sonographic Signs in Children with Acute Hepatitis in Zahedan City, Southeast of Iran
Authors: Sanei Sistani Sharareh , Nouri Mohammad , Mashouri Shokrollah , Ansari Moghaddam Alireza
Published: March 2020

Background: Acute viral hepatitis is a common infection in developing countries among children. Different diagnostic methods for acute hepatitis has been introduced. Objectives: In this study, we have determined the prevalence of sonographic signs in children with acute hepatitis. Methods: A total of 383 children with acute hepatitis were studied in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran. The sampling method was by the enumeration of the cases. Patients underwent ultrasonography in which their sonographic signs of acute hepatitis were investigated and analyzed. Results: The mean age of children was 6.1 ± 2.8 years, with 211 (55.1%) males and 172 (44.9%) females. The prevalence of gallbladder wall edema was 20.1% (77 children), periportal lymphadenopathy 15.1% (58 children), hepatomegaly 4.9% (19 children), increased liver echogenicity 53.0% (203 children), decreased liver echogenicity 15.4% (59 children), splenomegaly 1.8% (7 children), and periportal hyperechogenicity 32.4% (124 children). Conclusions: The results indicate that the most common sonographic signs of patients with acute hepatitis were increased liver echogenicity and periportal hyperechogenicity.
Escravidão: tema tabu para os museus de arte decorativa
Authors: Freitas Joseania Miranda
Published: March 2020

O ensino e a prática museal no campo da arte decorativa estiveram, durante muito tempo, aliados aos modos de pensar colonial e imperial, privilegiando concepções artísticas europeias, sacralizando objetos advindos das elites enriquecidas pelo trabalho escravo. Este texto apresenta reflexões de quase duas décadas de docência na área de arte decorativa para o curso de graduação em Museologia na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). O tema da escravidão de povos africanos tem sido tabu para os museus, ficando tais discussões reservadas àqueles específicos (etnográficos e históricos), omitindo-se, dessa forma, que a formação econômica dos países colonizados e suas metrópoles se deu através dessa força de trabalho. O caminho metodológico para enfrentar esse tabu tem sido o de descolonizar o olhar em arte decorativa, o que implica suscitar uma tomada de posição crítica frente aos acervos hegemonicamente estabelecidos, ainda ancorados na chegada, conquista e estabelecimento dos europeus nas Américas como marco fundante de processos civilizatórios. O termo colonial não se aplica exclusivamente aos processos de governança, mas ao campo epistemológico, à manutenção do conhecimento eurocentrado. A docência nessa área é desafiadora, pois está atrelada aos acervos, resultantes da permanência de padrões e gostos coloniais-eurocentrados, não somente no campo artístico, mas também no campo das mentalidades.Palavras-chave: Escravidão. Museus de arte decorativa. Descolonização do olhar.
Isabel Herguera
Authors: Córcoles César , Rodríguez René , Beneito Roser
Published: March 2020

Isabel Herguera, directora del festival Animac, brinda sus impresiones acerca de la animación experimental en el mundo de las nuevas tecnologías, un género minoritario y en el que se busca ante todo contar historias.
Global genome diversity of the Leishmania donovani complex
Authors: Franssen Susanne U , Durrant Caroline , Stark Olivia , Moser Bettina , Downing Tim , Imamura Hideo , Dujardin Jean-Claude , Sanders Mandy J , Mauricio Isabel , Miles Michael A , Schnur Lionel F , Jaffe Charles L , Nasereddin Abdelmajeed , Schallig Henk , Yeo Matthew , Bhattacharyya Tapan , Alam Mohammad Z , Berriman Matthew , Wirth Thierry , Schönian Gabriele , Cotton James A
Published: March 2020

Protozoan parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex – L. donovani and L. infantum – cause the fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis. We present the first comprehensive genome-wide global study, with 151 cultured field isolates representing most of the geographical distribution. L. donovani isolates separated into five groups that largely coincide with geographical origin but vary greatly in diversity. In contrast, the majority of L. infantum samples fell into one globally-distributed group with little diversity. This picture is complicated by several hybrid lineages. Identified genetic groups vary in heterozygosity and levels of linkage, suggesting different recombination histories. We characterise chromosome-specific patterns of aneuploidy and identified extensive structural variation, including known and suspected drug resistance loci. This study reveals greater genetic diversity than suggested by geographically-focused studies, provides a resource of genomic variation for future work and sets the scene for a new understanding of the evolution and genetics of the Leishmania donovani complex.
Cooperative interactions facilitate stimulation of Rad51 by the Swi5-Sfr1 auxiliary factor complex
Authors: Argunhan Bilge , Sakakura Masayoshi , Afshar Negar , Kurihara Misato , Ito Kentaro , Maki Takahisa , Kanamaru Shuji , Murayama Yasuto , Tsubouchi Hideo , Takahashi Masayuki , Takahashi Hideo , Iwasaki Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

Although Rad51 is the key protein in homologous recombination (HR), a major DNA double-strand break repair pathway, several auxiliary factors interact with Rad51 to promote productive HR. We present an interdisciplinary characterization of the interaction between Rad51 and Swi5-Sfr1, a conserved auxiliary factor. Two distinct sites within the intrinsically disordered N-terminus of Sfr1 (Sfr1N) were found to cooperatively bind Rad51. Deletion of this domain impaired Rad51 stimulation in vitro and rendered cells sensitive to DNA damage. By contrast, amino acid-substitution mutants, which had comparable biochemical defects, could promote DNA repair, suggesting that Sfr1N has another role in addition to Rad51 binding. Unexpectedly, the DNA repair observed in these mutants was dependent on Rad55-Rad57, another auxiliary factor complex hitherto thought to function independently of Swi5-Sfr1. When combined with the finding that they form a higher-order complex, our results imply that Swi5-Sfr1 and Rad55-Rad57 can collaboratively stimulate Rad51 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Delayed antibiotic exposure induces population collapse in enterococcal communities with drug-resistant subpopulations
Authors: Hallinen Kelsey M , Karslake Jason , Wood Kevin B
Published: March 2020

The molecular underpinnings of antibiotic resistance are increasingly understood, but less is known about how these molecular events influence microbial dynamics on the population scale. Here, we show that the dynamics of E. faecalis communities exposed to antibiotics can be surprisingly rich, revealing scenarios where increasing population size or delaying drug exposure can promote population collapse. Specifically, we demonstrate how density-dependent feedback loops couple population growth and antibiotic efficacy when communities include drug-resistant subpopulations, leading to a wide range of behavior, including population survival, collapse, or one of two qualitatively distinct bistable behaviors where survival is favored in either small or large populations. These dynamics reflect competing density-dependent effects of different subpopulations, with growth of drug-sensitive cells increasing but growth of drug-resistant cells decreasing effective drug inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate how populations receiving immediate drug influx may sometimes thrive, while identical populations exposed to delayed drug influx collapse.
Correcting for physical distortions in visual stimuli improves reproducibility in zebrafish neuroscience
Authors: Dunn Timothy W , Fitzgerald James E
Published: March 2020

Optical refraction causes light to bend at interfaces between optical media. This phenomenon can significantly distort visual stimuli presented to aquatic animals in water, yet refraction has often been ignored in the design and interpretation of visual neuroscience experiments. Here we provide a computational tool that transforms between projected and received stimuli in order to detect and control these distortions. The tool considers the most commonly encountered interface geometry, and we show that this and other common configurations produce stereotyped distortions. By correcting these distortions, we reduced discrepancies in the literature concerning stimuli that evoke escape behavior, and we expect this tool will help reconcile other confusing aspects of the literature. This tool also aids experimental design, and we illustrate the dangers that uncorrected stimuli pose to receptive field mapping experiments.
Site-directed MT1-MMP trafficking and surface insertion regulate AChR clustering and remodeling at developing NMJs
Authors: Chan Zora Chui-Kuen , Kwan Hiu-Lam Rachel , Wong Yin Shun , Jiang Zhixin , Zhou Zhongjun , Tam Kin Wai , Chan Ying-Shing , Chan Chi Bun , Lee Chi Wai
Published: March 2020

At vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the synaptic basal lamina contains different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and synaptogenic factors that induce and maintain synaptic specializations. Here, we report that podosome-like structures (PLSs) induced by ubiquitous ECM proteins regulate the formation and remodeling of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters via focal ECM degradation. Mechanistically, ECM degradation is mediated by PLS-directed trafficking and surface insertion of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) to AChR clusters through microtubule-capturing mechanisms. Upon synaptic induction, MT1-MMP plays a crucial role in the recruitment of aneural AChR clusters for the assembly of postsynaptic specializations. Lastly, the structural defects of NMJs in embryonic MT1-MMP-/- mice further demonstrate the physiological role of MT1-MMP in normal NMJ development. Collectively, this study suggests that postsynaptic MT1-MMP serves as a molecular switch to synaptogenesis by modulating local ECM environment for the deposition of synaptogenic signals that regulate postsynaptic differentiation at developing NMJs.
Impact of Aliteracy on Learning English as A Second Language in Nigeria
Authors: Ezekwesili - , Chinedu Chinyere
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the impact of aliteracy on learning English as a second language in Nigeria. Genuine concern expressed by stakeholders on the poor performance exhibited by Nigerian secondary school students in English language has led to a number of inquiries for solutions to the problem. Many studies have attributed poor language performance to a number of factors but nobody has connected the apathetic stance of students towards reading to poor language performance. Their appalling performance manifests in the plethora of spelling and grammatical errors that riddle essay assignments. Writing is a productive language skill by which a student demonstrates his ability to produce grammatically correct and connected texts. This study searches for the link between students’ lack of interest in reading and their writing competence. Aliteracy is the state of being able to read but being uninterested in doing so. The data for the study were generated from students’ written essay and questionnaire. An analysis of the students’ reading habits juxtaposed with their continuous writing showed that students who were avid readers performed better than those who did not like to read. This result shows that the decline in the level and quality of language written by senior secondary school students in Nigeria can be attributed to poor reading culture.
Communication through Discourse: A Contrastive Genre Analysis of the CEO Statements between American and Chinese CSR Annual Reports
Authors: Liu Hua , Liu Junwei , Cheng Pinying
Published: March 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) annual reports are serving as an important communicative tool in building corporate legitimacy and maintaining close relationship with stakeholders. However, the question on how effective communication can be achieved through discourse design has been largely overlooked in the existing literature. This contrastive study examines the discourse differences between American and Chinese CEO Statements in CSR reports through the perspective of genre theory by adopting Swales and Bhatia’s Move-Step Model and Hassan’s Generic Structure Potential Model. Based on a self-built corpus of 60 CSR reports from Fortune Global 500 List 2015, we find that two types of CEO Statements share the similar obligatory moves, communicative targets, and fixed move-step structures, but the number of move and steps, focus of information, and topic areas vary greatly. The cultural differences may account for such disparities, which are found at the level of rhetorical structure. The results of this study offer theoretical and practical implications for future designing of CSR discourse.
Colorful Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic Polyester Fabric Prepared via Disperse Dyeing Process
Authors: Oh Ji‐Hyun , Park Chung Hee
Published: March 2020

Superhydrophobic fabrics suffer from issues, such as poor breathability, surface color and handle changes, and toxicity because of additional chemical coating. Therefore, to resolve these issues, colorful fluorine‐free superhydrophobic polyester fabrics are prepared by controlling the conditions of a conventional disperse dyeing process. Alkaline hydrolysis, a pretreatment process in the dyeing process, is modified to create nanocraters on the surface of microrough polyester fabric. Then, the hydrolyzed polyester fabric is dyed with two different dyestuffs accompanied by thermal aging to lower the surface energy. The developed polyester fabrics become superhydrophobic and show the static contact angles over 160° and the shedding angles below 10°. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic polyester fabric exhibits improved color fastness as well as water vapor transmission rate and air permeability, while the handle properties of the alkaline‐hydrolyzed polyester fabric remain unchanged after dyeing and thermal aging. Finally, the self‐cleaning ability of the developed fabric is demonstrated by perfectly removing silicon carbide particles from its surface. Therefore, the developed fluorine‐free and superhydrophobic polyester fabric not only has color but also is nontoxic and environmentally friendly and can be readily recycled as it has no coated chemical to be removed. Thus, it has great potential for practical applications.
Synthesis of Isoindolinones through Intramolecular Amidation of ortho‐Vinyl Benzamides
Authors: Wei Wen‐tao , Chen Zhen‐yu , Lin Yong‐lu , Chen Ri‐xing , Wang Qi , Wu Qing‐guang , Liu Si‐jun , Yan Ming , Zhang Xue‐jing
Published: March 2020

A synthetic approach of isoindolinones through intramolecular amidation of ortho‐vinyl benzamides was reported. A variety of N‐aryl isoindolinone derivatives were prepared in moderate to excellent yields using perfluorobutyl iodide as oxidant.

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A study of the influence of temperature and detergent concentration on the removal of lipstick stains using air‐supersaturated water, where fine bubbles are generated by ultrasonic stimulation
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori , Yamamoto Yasushi , Ueda Yoshikatsu
Published: March 2020

The formation of fine bubbles with a diameter between 10 and 20 μm was observed upon the passage of air‐supersaturated water, in which air is pressurized and dissolved, through a water passage in which supersonic stimulation was given to the water. It was confirmed that the inside diameter of the fine bubbles increases as the distance from the ultrasonic stimulation point becomes greater. In verifying the efficiency of cleaning a lipstick stain, it was shown that by using water containing fine bubbles, there is a possibility of obtaining a cleaning efficiency almost equivalent to that achieved by cleaning with water of a high temperature or with a high concentration of detergent, even at a low temperature, with low detergent concentration. It was shown that the efficiency of cleaning the oil components, which were made easily soluble in water, had become extremely high, when using water containing fine bubbles. In conditions where the melting of the oil component itself is not accelerated (that is, at a low temperature, without using detergents), the cleaning efficiency of water containing fine bubbles tended to be increased compared with that of water not containing fine bubbles.
π‐Complexes of Diborynes with Main Group Atoms
Authors: Ewing William C. , Dellermann Theresa , Angel Wong Y. T. , Mattock James D. , Vargas Alfredo , Bryce David L. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: March 2020

We present herein an in‐depth study of complexes in which a molecule containing a boron‐boron triple bond is bound to tellurate cations. The analysis allows the description of these salts as true π complexes between the B−B triple bond and the tellurium center. These complexes thus extend the well‐known Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson model of bonding to compounds made up solely of p block elements. Structural, spectroscopic and computational evidence is offered to argue that a set of recently reported heterocycles consisting of phenyltellurium cations complexed to diborynes bear all the hallmarks of π‐complexes in the π‐complex/metallacycle continuum envisioned by Joseph Chatt. Described as such, these compounds are unique in representing the extreme of a metal‐free continuum with conventional unsaturated three‐membered rings (cyclopropenes, azirenes, borirenes) occupying the opposite end.
Scientists in education: A biomedical research institute's perspective
Authors: Guinovart Joan J. , Arimon Muriel
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) is a world‐class research center devoted to understanding fundamental questions about human health and disease. In addition to conducting multidisciplinary research of excellence, IRB Barcelona is committed to maintaining an open dialogue with the public about its work, fostering scientific vocations and promoting scientific culture in society. In this regard, the institute has several public engagement and science education initiatives to reach these goals. In this article, we highlight two projects directed toward primary school and secondary school students, respectively: the Tandem Project and the Crazy About Biomedicine Programme. Although each of these activities has slightly different objectives and target audiences, they share the commitment of the institute to contribute to the science education of young students. We believe that it is the responsibility of research institutes to promote these kinds of initiatives, which have the potential to spark passion for science and thus foster scientific vocations. The new generation of scientists is in our hands.