bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beach Soccer Injuries During the Japanese National Championships
Authors: Shimakawa Tomoyuki , Shimakawa Yusuke , Kawasoe Yoko , Yoshimura Kouji , Chinen Yuma , Eimon Kazuya , Chibana Wataru , Shirota Shinichi , Kadekawa Kei , Bahr Roald , Uezato Tomomi , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: January 2016

Background:

The frequency and severity of injury in beach soccer are unknown.

Purpose:

To estimate the incidence rates, characteristics, and risk factors for injuries associated with beach soccer.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The same sports physician examined and recorded injuries incurred during the Japanese National Beach Soccer Championships in 2013 and 2014. Posttournament follow-up was made for all injuries. Match exposure for each player was recorded through video review to examine individual risk factors.

Results:

A total of 58 injuries were recorded during 54 matches. The overall injury rate was 179.0 (95% CI, 138.4-231.6), and the time-loss injury rate was 28.2 (95% CI, 14.7-54.1) per 1000 player-hours. The foot/toe (34.9%) was the most frequently injured area, followed by the lower leg (22.2%) and thigh (11.1%). There was only 1 ankle injury (1.6%). The most frequent injury type was contusions (60.3%), followed by lacerations/abrasions (14.3%) and sprains/ligament injuries (6.3%). Only 4 injuries resulted in ≥30 days of time-loss (7.4%). After adjusting for age, a previous history of severe injury and longer experience of beach soccer were significantly associated with injury risk.

Conclusion:

The time-loss injury rate in this study was comparable to the rates reported during the matches of soccer or futsal tournaments. However, a greater incidence of foot/toe injury and lacerations/abrasions as well as a lower incidence of ankle injury distinguished beach soccer from soccer and futsal, possibly related to the specific playing conditions of being barefoot on a sand surface.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Bach Bernard R. , Cohen Mark S. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Cole Brian J. , Verma Nikhil N. , Nicholson Gregory P. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common surgery performed in professional, collegiate, and high school athletes.

Purpose:

To report patient demographics, surgical techniques, and outcomes of all UCLRs performed at a single institution from 2004 to 2014.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients who underwent UCLR from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2014, at a single institution were identified. Charts were reviewed to determine patient age, sex, date of surgery, sport played, athletic level, surgical technique, graft type, and complications. Data were collected prospectively, and patients were contacted via phone calls to obtain the return-to-sport rate, Conway-Jobe score, Andrews-Timmerman score, and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow score. Continuous variable data were reported as weighted means, and categorical variable data were reported as frequencies with percentages.

Results:

A total of 187 patients (188 elbows) underwent UCLR during the study period (92% male; mean age, 19.6 ± 4.7 years; 78.2% right elbows). There were 165 baseball players (87.8% of all patients), 155 of whom were pitchers (82.5% of all patients). Ninety-seven (51.6%) were college athletes, 68 (36.2%) high school athletes, and 7 (3.7%) professional athletes at the time of surgery. The docking technique was used in 110 (58.5%) patients while the double-docking technique was used in 78 (41.5%). An ipsilateral palmaris longus graft was used in 110 (58.5%) patients while a hamstring autograft was used in 48 (25.5%) patients. The ulnar nerve was subcutaneously transposed in 79 (42%) patients. Clinical follow-up data were available on 85 patients. Mean follow-up was 60 ± 30.8 months. Overall, 94.1% of patients were able to return to sport and had a Conway-Jobe score of good/excellent while 4.3% had a score of fair. The mean KJOC score was 90.4 ± 6.7 and mean Andrews-Timmerman score was 92.5 ± 7.1. Subsequent surgeries were performed in 5.3% of patients.

Conclusion:

UCLR was performed most commonly on collegiate athletes using an ipsilateral palmaris longus graft. Overall, 94.1% of patients who underwent UCLR were able to return to sport with a mean KJOC score of 90.4 and Andrews-Timmerman Score of 92.5.
The Geography of Stigma Management
Authors: Knight Carly R. , Tilcsik András , Anteby Michel
Published: January 2016

This study examines whether self-monitoring—a ubiquitous social psychological construct that captures the extent to which individuals regulate their self-presentation to match the expectation of others—varies across demographic and social contexts. Building on Erving Goffman’s classic insights on stigma management, the authors expect that the propensity for self-monitoring will be greater among sexual minorities, especially in areas where the stigma surrounding minority sexual orientations is strong. The authors’ survey of U.S. adults shows that sexual minorities report significantly higher levels of self-monitoring than heterosexuals and that this difference disappears in large cities. These findings speak to sociological research on self-presentation, with implications for the literatures on identity formation, stigma management, and labor markets.
CSR in India: Critical Review and Exploring Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Authors: Majumdar Satyajit , Saini Gordhan K.
Published: January 2016

The current discourse on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is dominated by this ‘middle path’ approach, establishing collaboration and synergy, and attempting to define the balancing roles of business. In the CSR literature, interactions between business and society have been studied less. CSR research is also skewed towards the western and developed countries. We attempt to address these two issues by studying perception gaps among the community residing in a mining region and tourist destination in western India, Goa. The studied dimensions are company’s commitment to the community, areas for company’s support, company’s involvement with stakeholders, community’s commitment to the company, and media’s role to promote CSR activity and CSR as benefiting the company. In general, the variables such as age, education, place of origin and caste lead to divergence in community attitude towards various CSR dimensions. Later, we review a few unique and successful CSR projects, their design and implementation with a strategic ‘entrepreneurial orientation’. Our article points towards a new paradigm for CSR implementation that is beyond pure philanthropy. Innovative models are being discovered and designed with pro-activeness and reasonable experimentation which provide these corporates unique competitive advantage. Lastly, we propose that entrepreneurship has a viable role to play in balancing community and business interest.
DAZL and CPEB1 regulate mRNA translation synergistically during oocyte maturation
Authors: Sousa Martins Joao P. , Liu Xueqing , Oke Ashwini , Arora Ripla , Franciosi Federica , Viville Stephan , Laird Diana J. , Fung Jennifer C. , Conti Marco
Published: January 2016

Meiotic progression requires exquisitely coordinated translation of maternal messenger (m)RNA that has accumulated during oocyte growth. A major regulator of this program is the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1). However, the temporal pattern of translation at different meiotic stages indicates the function of additional RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we report that deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) cooperates with CPEB1 to regulate maternal mRNA translation. Using a strategy that monitors ribosome loading onto endogenous mRNAs and a prototypic translation target, we show that ribosome loading is induced in a DAZL- and CPEB1-dependent manner, as the oocyte reenters meiosis. Depletion of the two RBPs from oocytes and mutagenesis of the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) demonstrate that both RBPs interact with the Tex19.1 3′ UTR and cooperate in translation activation of this mRNA. We observed a synergism between DAZL and cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) in the translation pattern of maternal mRNAs when using a genome-wide analysis. Mechanistically, the number of DAZL proteins loaded onto the mRNA and the characteristics of the CPE might define the degree of cooperation between the two RBPs in activating translation and meiotic progression.
Proteasome storage granules are transiently associated with the insoluble protein deposit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Peters Lee Zeev , Karmon Ofri , Miodownik Shir , Ben-Aroya Shay
Published: January 2016

Proteasome storage granules (PSGs) are created in yeast as part of an extensive and programmed reorganization of proteins into reversible assemblies upon carbon source depletion. Here, we demonstrate that cells distinguish dysfunctional proteasomes from PSGs on the cytosolic insoluble protein deposit (IPOD). Furthermore, we provide evidence that this is a general mechanism for the reorganization of additional proteins into reversible assemblies. Our study expands the roles of the IPOD, which might serve not only as the specific depository for amyloidogenic and misfolded proteins, but also as a potential hub from which proteins are directed to distinct cellular compartments. These findings therefore provide a framework for understanding how cells discriminate between intact and abnormal proteins under stress conditions to ensure that only structurally ‘correct’ proteins are deployed.
Soluble LILRA3 promotes neurite outgrowth and synapses formation through a high-affinity interaction with Nogo 66
Authors: An Hongyan , Brettle Merryn , Lee Terry , Heng Benjamin , Lim Chai K. , Guillemin Gilles J. , Lord Megan S. , Klotzsch Enrico , Geczy Carolyn L. , Bryant Katherine , Fath Thomas , Tedla Nicodemus
Published: January 2016

Inhibitory proteins, particularly Nogo 66, a highly conserved 66-amino-acid loop of Nogo A (an isoform of RTN4), play key roles in limiting the intrinsic capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate after injury. Ligation of surface Nogo receptors (NgRs) and/or leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) and its mouse orthologue the paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB) by Nogo 66 transduces inhibitory signals that potently inhibit neurite outgrowth. Here, we show that soluble leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a high-affinity receptor for Nogo 66, suggesting that LILRA3 might be a competitive antagonist to these cell surface inhibitory receptors. Consistent with this, LILRA3 significantly reversed Nogo-66-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth and promoted synapse formation in primary cortical neurons through regulation of the ERK/MEK pathway. LILRA3 represents a new antagonist to Nogo-66-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth in the CNS, a function distinct from its immune-regulatory role in leukocytes. This report is also the first to demonstrate that a member of LILR family normally not expressed in rodents exerts functions on mouse neurons through the highly homologous Nogo 66 ligand.
Two-headed tetraphosphate cap analogs are inhibitors of the Dcp1/2 RNA decapping complex
Authors: Ziemniak Marcin , Mugridge Jeffrey S. , Kowalska Joanna , Rhoads Robert E. , Gross John D. , Jemielity Jacek
Published: January 2016

Dcp1/2 is the major eukaryotic RNA decapping complex, comprised of the enzyme Dcp2 and activator Dcp1, which removes the 5′ m7G cap from mRNA, committing the transcript to degradation. Dcp1/2 activity is crucial for RNA quality control and turnover, and deregulation of these processes may lead to disease development. The molecular details of Dcp1/2 catalysis remain elusive, in part because both cap substrate (m7GpppN) and m7GDP product are bound by Dcp1/2 with weak (mM) affinity. In order to find inhibitors to use in elucidating the catalytic mechanism of Dcp2, we screened a small library of synthetic m7G nucleotides (cap analogs) bearing modifications in the oligophosphate chain. One of the most potent cap analogs, m7GpSpppSm7G, inhibited Dcp1/2 20 times more efficiently than m7GpppN or m7GDP. NMR experiments revealed that the compound interacts with specific surfaces of both regulatory and catalytic domains of Dcp2 with submillimolar affinities. Kinetics analysis revealed that m7GpSpppSm7G is a mixed inhibitor that competes for the Dcp2 active site with micromolar affinity. m7GpSpppSm7G-capped RNA undergoes rapid decapping, suggesting that the compound may act as a tightly bound cap mimic. Our identification of the first small molecule inhibitor of Dcp2 should be instrumental in future studies aimed at understanding the structural basis of RNA decapping and may provide insight toward the development of novel therapeutically relevant decapping inhibitors.
General systems theory and media ecology: Parallel disciplines that animate each other
Authors: Logan Robert K.
Published: January 2016

Parallels between general systems theory and media ecology are drawn. It is shown that cybernetics, general systems theory, complexity theory, emergent dynamics and media ecology are interconnected and that they inform and cross-pollinate each other.
Is Toronto obsolete?: Process and ambivalence in Marshall McLuhan’s urban studies
Authors: Genosko Gary
Published: January 2016

In this article I reflect on the obsolescence of Toronto in order to enquire into the fate of the city as a viable entity within the terms of Marshall McLuhan’s investigations of the late 1960s and their relevance for today. By 1968 McLuhan had pronounced the city obsolete in a universe of globe-extending news satellites and Bucky Fuller domes, that artefactualized and programmed nature. The city as obsolete was a ‘probe’ McLuhan offered to make sense of the enhancements of supersonic speeds of jet travel that he called Jet City. Using the Dew-Line Newsletter as my central point of reference, I want to develop McLuhan’s ideas that arose in the city’s wake; these are threefold: Jet City, mini-states and the application of the Joycean nostrum the ‘the urb… it orbs’. Indeed, in the 1970s McLuhan talked more and more about cities in terms of aviation-figures, as airports coordinating flights and passages, of corporate hijackings and crashes. McLuhan asked us to imagine ‘circulating cities’ in the forms of mass migrations, for business and pleasure, of populations on the move, anticipating the multiple mobilities of the present day. Yet at the same time, revealing the lived tension of his position, he acted against plans for the downtown Spadina Expressway, against the developers, as a homeowner who still lived in a neighbourhood worth protecting from development.
The Social Network screenplay: Adaptation as (re-)interpretation and (re-)creation
Authors: Deutelbaum Marshall
Published: January 2016

Aaron Sorkin’s screenplay for The Social Network perfectly illustrates Linda Hutcheon’s definition of adaptation as a two-step process beginning in (re-)interpretation and concluding in (re-)creation. Ben Mezrich’s The Accidental Billionaires, slightly rearranged, comprises the spine of Sorkin’s script. Sorkin’s deletions, additions and rearrangements significantly re-create the novel. By reframing the events detailing the creation of Facebook as depositions given over a single day, Sorkin condenses the novel’s two years’ events into an easily understood narrative spanning a single day. Sorkin’s addition of transitional scenes further clarifies the relationship of events for viewers as does his subtle but pervasive use of repetition. All of these changes re-create Mezrich’s loosely told, omniscient narration as a dramatic narrative sufficiently different enough for Sorkin to claim it as his own original work.
Batman, screen adaptation and chaos – what the archive tells us
Authors: Lyons Garry
Published: January 2016

Warner Brothers’ efforts to launch the Caped Crusader into his own blockbuster movie franchise were infamously fraught and turbulent. It took more than ten years of screenplay development, involving numerous writers, producers and executives, before Batman (1989) was green lit with Tim Burton in the director’s chair. Even then, battles continued to rage over the material, and redrafting carried on throughout the shoot. Warren Skaaren was the script doctor brought in by the studio to rescue the project. His role has been a matter of conjecture and controversy. This article explores Skaaren’s personal archive stored at the University of Texas at Austin to shed new light on what transpired in the final phases of pre-production and the tussles that went on even as the cameras rolled. It analyses the contribution of Skaaren and others in shaping the screenplay, questions some of the myths that have grown up about the script and argues for the importance of the production to screenplay studies as a particularly well-documented example of a highly complex, even chaotic adaptation, which nevertheless resulted in a commercially and critically successful film.
The Rosie Project: Discussions with Graeme Simsion on reverse adaptation
Authors: Murphy Annabelle
Published: January 2016

Graeme Simsion’s internationally best-selling novel, The Rosie Project (2013a), began life as a romantic comedy script that nobody wanted. One year later, having ‘reverse adapted’ his screenplay into a novel, The Rosie Project (2013a) was on the New York Times best-selling list and swiftly sold to 40 territories around the world. This article, based on my discussions with screenwriter and author Graeme Simsion, and informed by my own practice-led research into ‘reverse adaptation’, will examine this little discussed manifestation of screen adaptation. What are the creative challenges facing the screenwriter in taking on the ‘opposite’ of a traditional adaptation? How do professional and industrial conditions differ for the screenwriter undertaking a reverse adaptation? Why even begin a reverse adaptation? This article also briefly contextualizes reverse adaptation as belonging to the greater contemporary ‘ecology’ of transmedia adaption, and places it in relation to the commercial novelization.
From stageplay to screenplay to film – tragic to melodramatic: The case of The Broken Circle Breakdown
Authors: Geerts Ronald
Published: January 2016

The Broken Circle Breakdown is one of the most successful theatre plays (2008) in recent years in Flanders. The film adaptation (2012) by Felix Van Groeningen was even more successful. Nevertheless, theatre play, screenplay and the final film differ considerably. This essay aims to reconstruct the genetic evolution of the screen idea from stage play to script to film. It tries to elucidate the dramaturgical choices made by the playwrights, screenwriters and last but in this case certainly not least, the editor, and how this influenced a shift from the tragic (play) towards the melodramatic (film). The adaptation thus can be described as what Jacques Rancière has called a ‘thwarted fable’.
A contribuição do teatro para o desenvolvimento da comunicação e da criatividade na educação infantil
Authors: Lavezzo Elaine
Published: January 2016

A Sociedade da Informação liderada pelas inovações tecnológicas e pelo capital intelectual acarretou mudanças estruturais nos campos da economia, da cultura e da educação. Hoje as escolas enfrentam o complexo desafio de capacitar os alunos do século XXI para viver em uma sociedade tolerante, culturalmente diversa e em rápida mutação (ROBINSON, 1999). Projetos de teatro aplicados à educação infantil podem contribuir para que os alunos desenvolvam habilidades e competências como criatividade, comunicação, tolerância e trabalho em equipe, que são relevantes para a formação educacional do cidadão do século XXI.
Mythopoetics of the Kunsthalle
Authors: Shvartzberg Manuel
Published: January 2016

In the midst of an architectural landscape replete with empty discourses on technology, environmentalism, and fetishistic spectacles, is there space for an architecture that holds on to the idealistic values of modernity? Is there space for an architecture that has not succumbed to the flattening logic of the market, indistinctly banalizing space either as utilitarian infrastructure or as propagandistic theme park? In other words, is it still possible to construct an architecture underpinned by what we might call ‘humanist’ values: universality, egalitarianism, and civility – a civic architecture – in the face of a post-humanist critique? Can ‘the civic’ be encapsulated and activated by a building?

In this article we will trace two different approaches for addressing this specific question by looking at a typology, the ‘Kunsthalle,’ through the prism of two buildings: Turner Contemporary, UK, and Kunsthaus Graz, Austria. Through this comparison we will examine the Kunsthalle as a typology articulating social ideas through seemingly opposing architectural forms, but, more importantly, we will question whether its underlying ideas and principles could be applicable to the practice of architecture itself. In such a hypothetical scenario we will suggest that the Kunsthalle could be viewed as more than a typology; it could be viewed as a conceptual model conveying the fundamental instability of ‘the civic,’ and thus challenge architectural culture – its normative forms of subjectivity and attendant social relations – from within.
The avant-garde in the architecture and visual arts of Post-Revolutionary Mexico
Authors: Winfield Fernando N.
Published: January 2016

Commenting on an exhibition of contemporary Mexican architecture in Rome in 1957, the polemic and highly influential Italian architectural critic and historian, Bruno Zevi, ridiculed Mexican modernism for combining Pre-Columbian motifs with modern architecture. He referred to it as ‘Mexican Grotesque’. Inherent in Zevi’s comments were an attitude towards modern architecture that defined it in primarily material terms; its principle role being one of “spatial and programmatic function”. Despite the weight of this Modernist tendency in the architectural circles of Post-Revolutionary Mexico, we suggest in this paper that Mexican modernism cannot be reduced to such “material” definitions. In the highly charged political context of Mexico in the first half of the 20th Century, modern architecture was perhaps above all else, a tool for propaganda.

In this political atmosphere it was undesirable, indeed it was seen as impossible, to separate art, architecture and politics in a way that would be a direct reflection of Modern architecture’s European manifestations. Form was to follow function, but that function was to be communicative as well as spatial and programmatic. One consequence of this “political communicative function” in Mexico was the combination of the “mural tradition” with contemporary architectural design; what Zevi defined as “Mexican Grotesque”. In this paper, we will examine the political context of Post-Revolutionary Mexico and discuss what may be defined as its most iconic building; the Central Library at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. In direct counterpoint to Zevi, we will suggest that it was far from grotesque, but rather was one of the most committed political statements made by the Modern Movement throughout the Twentieth Century. It was propaganda, it was political. It was utopian.
A Critical Architecture – Comments on Politics and Society
Authors: Frampton Kenneth , Cairns Graham
Published: January 2016

Over a fifty year career as an architectural critic and historian Kenneth Frampton has consistently defended the Modernist agenda of the Twentieth Century. However, he has also been fiercely critical of its failings and shortcomings. He has taught at the world’s most prestigious institutions, produced a body of work that can be defined as kaleidoscopic and has written texts which have become part of the canon of architectural history and theory. His encyclopedic Modern Architecture: a Critical History, is in its fourth edition and still remains a bedrock text for our understanding of the Modern Movement more than twenty years after its initial publication. His ground-breaking essay of 1983, Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance set the agenda for a reconsideration of Modernism that continues to resonate today. He has published internationally on a whole range of issues and remains committed to a critical analysis of Modernism which places architecture firmly in the context of the social and political milieu of the left.

In this fifty year career, the ideas of the social and political theorist Hannah Arendt have operated as a form of conceptual and ethical foundation. His 1979 essay, The Status of Man and the Status of his Objects, is a form of analysis of her theories that explores, amongst other things, her distinction between work and labour in the specific context of architecture. This essay is also given primary importance in his 2002 book Labour, Work and Architecture: Collected Essays on Architecture and Design, which he dedicates to the memory of Arendt. In his 1979 essay, he suggests that reading Arendt’s work in 1965 illuminated the “invariably confusing distinction between building (as process) and architecture (as stasis)”, with architecture having as its primary charge the creation of the public realm. He begins this interview-article by summarising these themes, but also by drawing out the relevance of Arendt’s ideas in the context of contemporary commodified culture. He goes on to explore a whole range of other ideas including the mediatisation of architecture, high rise development, suburbia and the role of government in the architecture of the United States and the United Kingdom.
Driving on the Left: Sorkin’s View of the Street, the City and architecture
Authors: Sorkin Michael , Cairns Graham
Published: January 2016

Sardonic, cutting, insightful, provocative: Michael Sorkin is one of today’s most radical architectural commentators with a staunch leaning to the political left and a literary bent for framing painful truths in ironic, and sometimes hilarious, verse. However, he should not be dismissed as a radical, isolated, or lone and unhindered voice however. He is a Distinguished Professor of Architecture and Director of the Graduate Program in Urban Design at the City College of New York, and he has been Professor of Urbanism and Director of the Institute of Urbanism at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna. In addition, he has taught at architecture schools across the world, including the Architectural Association, Columbia, Yale, Harvard and Cornell. Sorkin runs his own design studio and research institute and has been a contributing editor of theArchitectural Record. He was the architecture critic of theVillage Voicefor ten years and has published innumerable articles and essays.

A list of some of his books includes:Twenty Minutes in Manhattan,Variations on a Theme Park,Exquisite Corpse,The Next Jerusalem,Indefensible Space, and a long list of otheretcs. andalsos….In this interview-article, he offers his opinion on a range of issues, including the environmental threats to contemporary America, architectural symbolism and paranoia, the importance of political action on the streets of the modern city, and the role of the architecture critic in the complex tapestry of contemporary culture. With regard the position of the modern critic, he begins by responding to a question regarding the relevance of Noam Chomsky’s description of the media as a form of propaganda and the contemporary journalist as functioning through the structure of what Chomsky defines as “filters,” or constraints and biases that dictate what gets written and published in the press.
Rendering the Social in the Architectural Scene: Digital Representation and Social Inclusion on Architectural Design, Thinking, and Education
Authors: McGrath Brian , Hsueh Cheng-Leun , Chu Hoi Shan Paul
Published: January 2016

The digital production of hyper-rendered scenes has come to dominate architectural practice. Jean Baudrillard’s warning that simulation will replace the real is now obvious and ubiquitous in our wirelessly networked mediated lives. CAD monkeys, rendering farms, and out-sourcers form the cabal behind the global production of seductive computer generated imagery detached from real people and places. This paper builds on the premise that physical places, designed and marketed through digital imagery, set the stage for the “social scenes” of tourism, leisure and consumption, and that privatized public spaces become “images” in themselves. Providing a setting for ways of people seeing, and being seen by others, these images encourage us to mimic the poses and gestures of architectural renderings. Standing against our growing obsession with rendered architectural scenes suggests that, as digital modes of creation and representation increasingly become objectives in and of themselves, architectural practice is prone to blindness in the face of social developments which exist independently of architecture’s digital turn. The paper highlights the possible integration of the social and the technological through documenting a series of design, professional, and pedagogical projects which have, during the thirty-year period of architecture’s ‘digital turn’, increasingly incorporated ‘the digital’, but which have persistently continued to foreground the social.
Shadow Identification in High Resolution Satellite Images in the Presence of Water Regions
Authors: Mostafa Y. , Abdelhafiz A.
Published: January 2016

Shadow is a main obstacle in features extraction from high resolution satellite images. Water areas provide low reflectance; therefore, they are commonly classified as shadow. In traditional shadow identification procedures, shadow is identified from image histogram in which, water
and shadow pixels are mixed. In this study, a new image index is presented. The index histogram separates non-shadow, shadow, and water pixels using a proposed threshold method. The developed index is then integrated into a complete approach for shadow identification. Five study areas including
water, shadow on water, and shallow water regions are tested using the developed approach. Afterward, an accuracy assessment is made to demonstrate the approach efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved overall accuracy about ninety-three percent. The rate
of detecting shadow on water is about seventy-four percent. On the other hand, shallow water is still misclassified as shadow.
Removing nucleic acids from nucleoid-Associated proteins purified by affinity column
Authors: Vingadassalon Audrey , Bouloc Philippe , Rimsky Sylvie
Published: January 2016

In bacteria, DNA is tightly compacted in a supercoiled organization, which is mediated in part by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). NAPs are well characterized for their ability to bind nucleic acids and for their involvement in gene regulation. A method commonly used to study protein-nucleic acid interactions involves immunoprecipitation of the protein of interest which is subsequently incubated with nucleic acids. A common cause of artifact is due to nucleic acids that remains bound to the protein of interest during the whole purification process. We developed an optimized method for the purification of tagged NAPs on affinity columns. The combination of three known methods allows removal of most of the nucleic acids bound to proteins during the purification process. This protocol is designed to improve the quality and specificity of results of in vitro experiments involving nucleic acid binding tests on purified NAPs. It can be used for in vitro studies of other RNA/DNA binding proteins.
MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Romitti Mírian , Wajner Simone Magagnin , Ceolin Lucieli , Ferreira Carla Vaz , Pinto Ribeiro Rafaela Vanin , Rohenkohl Helena Cecin , Weber Shana de Souto , Lopez Patrícia Luciana da Costa , Fuziwara Cesar Seigi , Kimura Edna Teruko , Maia Ana Luiza
Published: January 2016

Type 3 deiodinase (DIO3, D3) is reactivated in human neoplasias. Increased D3 levels in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have been associated with tumor size and metastatic disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the signaling pathways involved inDIO3upregulation in PTC. Experiments were performed in human PTC cell lines (K1 and TPC-1 cells) or tumor samples.DIO3mRNA and activity were evaluated by real-time PCR and ion-exchange column chromatography respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of D3 protein.DIO3gene silencing was performed via siRNA transfection.DIO3mRNA levels and activity were readily detected in K1 (BRAFV600E) and, at lower levels, in TPC-1 (RET/PTC1) cells (P<0.007 andP=0.02 respectively). Similarly,DIO3mRNA levels were higher in PTC samples harboring theBRAFV600Emutation as compared with those with RET/PTC1 rearrangement or negative for these mutations (P<0.001). Specific inhibition ofBRAFoncogene (PLX4032, 3 μM), MEK (U0126, 10–20 μM) or p38 (SB203580, 10–20 μM) signaling was associated with decreases inDIO3expression in K1 and TPC-1 cells. Additionally, the blockage of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway by cyclopamine (10 μM) resulted in markedly decreases inDIO3mRNA levels. Interestingly, siRNA-mediatedDIO3silencing induced decreases on cyclin D1 expression and partial G1 phase cell cycle arrest, thereby downregulating cell proliferation. In conclusion, sustained activation of the MAPK and SHH pathways modulate the levels ofDIO3expression in PTC. Importantly,DIO3silencing was associated with decreases in cell proliferation, thus suggesting a D3 role in tumor growth and aggressiveness.
TGFβ signaling regulates epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer ascites-derived spheroids
Authors: Rafehi Samah , Valdes Yudith Ramos , Bertrand Monique , McGee Jacob , Préfontaine Michel , Sugimoto Akira , DiMattia Gabriel E , Shepherd Trevor G
Published: January 2016

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves as a key mechanism driving tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in many carcinomas. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling is implicated in several steps during cancer pathogenesis and acts as a classical inducer of EMT. Since epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells have the potential to switch between epithelial and mesenchymal states during metastasis, we predicted that modulation of TGFβ signaling would significantly impact EMT and the malignant potential of EOC spheroid cells. Ovarian cancer patient ascites-derived cells naturally underwent an EMT response when aggregating into spheroids, and this was reversed upon spheroid re-attachment to a substratum. CDH1/E-cadherin expression was markedly reduced in spheroids compared with adherent cells, in concert with an up-regulation of several transcriptional repressors, i.e., SNAI1/Snail, TWIST1/2, and ZEB2. Treatment of EOC spheroids with the TGFβ type I receptor inhibitor, SB-431542, potently blocked the endogenous activation of EMT in spheroids. Furthermore, treatment of spheroids with SB-431542 upon re-attachment enhanced the epithelial phenotype of dispersing cells and significantly decreased cell motility and Transwell migration. Spheroid formation was significantly compromised by exposure to SB-431542 that correlated with a reduction in cell viability particularly in combination with carboplatin treatment. Thus, our findings are the first to demonstrate that intact TGFβ signaling is required to control EMT in EOC ascites-derived cell spheroids, and it promotes the malignant characteristics of these structures. As such, we show the therapeutic potential for targeted inhibition of this pathway in ovarian cancer patients with late-stage disease.
What's new in estrogen receptor action in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Hewitt Sylvia C , Winuthayanon Wipawee , Korach Kenneth S
Published: January 2016

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a critical player in development and function of the female reproductive system. Perturbations in ERα response can affect wide-ranging aspects of health in humans as well as in livestock and wildlife. Because of its long-known and broad impact, ERα mechanisms of action continue to be the focus on cutting-edge research efforts. Consequently, novel insights have greatly advanced understanding of every aspect of estrogen signaling. In this review, we attempt to briefly outline the current understanding of ERα mediated mechanisms in the context of the female reproductive system.
Chromosomal analysis of blastocysts from balanced chromosomal rearrangement carriers
Authors: Gui Baoheng , Yao Zhongyuan , Li Yanping , Liu Donge , Liu Nenghui , Xia Yan , Huang Yanru , Mei Libin , Ma Ruiyu , Lu Sijia , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: January 2016

Balanced chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) are among the most common genetic abnormalities in humans. In the present study, we have investigated the degree of consistency between the chromosomal composition of the blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) in carriers with balanced CR, which has not been previously addressed. As a secondary aim, we have also evaluated the validity of cleavage-stage preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) based on fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) of blastocysts from CR carriers. Blastocyst ICM and TE were screened for chromosomal aneuploidy and imbalance of CR-associated chromosomes based on whole-genome copy number variation analysis by low-coverage next-generation sequencing (NGS) following single-cell whole-genome amplification by multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycling. The NGS results were analyzed without knowledge of cleavage-stage FISH results. NGS results for blastocyst ICM and TE from CR carriers were 86.49% (32/37) consistent. Of the 1702 (37×46) chromosomes examined, 99.47% (1693/1702) showed consistency. However, only 40.0% (18/45) of all embryos had consistent results for chromosomes involved in CR, as determined by blastocyst NGS and cleavage-stage FISH. Of the 85 CR-affected chromosomes analyzed by FISH, 37.65% (32/85) were incongruous with NGS results, with 87.5% (28/32) showing imbalanced composition by FISH but balanced composition by NGS. These results indicate that chromosomal composition of blastocyst ICM and TE in balanced CR carriers is highly consistent, and that PGD based on cleavage-stage FISH is inaccurate; therefore, using blastocyst TE biopsies for NGS-based PGD is recommended for identifying chromosomal imbalance in embryos from balanced CR carriers.
Dating Violence and Injury Among Youth Exposed to Violence
Authors: Reidy Dennis E. , Kearns Megan C. , Houry Debra , Valle Linda A. , Holland Kristin M. , Marshall Khiya J.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To assess gender differences in the proportion of adolescents reporting teen dating violence (TDV) and the frequency of TDV at multiple age points across adolescence in a high-risk sample of youth with previous exposure to violence.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional, high-risk sample of boys and girls (n = 1149) ages 11 to 17 years completed surveys assessing TDV and self-defense. Indices of TDV included perpetration and victimization scales of controlling behaviors, psychological TDV, physical TDV, sexual TDV, fear/intimidation, and injury.

RESULTS:

More girls reported perpetrating psychological and physical TDV, whereas twice as many boys reported sexual TDV perpetration. More girls reported fear/intimidation victimization than boys. When comparing the frequency of TDV across adolescence, boys reported more sexual TDV victimization at younger ages, and girls demonstrated a trend toward more victimization at older ages. Likewise, younger boys reported more fear/intimidation and injury perpetration and injury victimization than younger girls. However, by age 17, girls reported more injury perpetration than boys, and reports of injury victimization and use of self-defense did not differ. Notably, despite potential parity in injury, girls consistently reported more fear/intimidation victimization associated with TDV.

CONCLUSIONS:

Contrary to data suggesting that girls experience far more sexual TDV and injury, these data suggest that at specific times during adolescence, boys among high-risk populations may be equally at risk for victimization. However, the psychological consequences (fear) are greater for girls. These findings suggest a need to tailor strategies to prevent TDV based on both age- and gender-specific characteristics in high-risk populations.
Sarcoma synoviale
Authors: Deme Dániel , Abdulfatah Bishr , Telekes András
Published: January 2016

In 2013 there were 94,770 new cancer patients reported in Hungary. Synovial sarcoma accounts for 0.05–0.1% of all cancers and, therefore its incidence is predicted to be 47–94 patients/year in Hungary. The authors report the history of a 18-year-old man who was operated on a right upper abdominal wall tumor with R1 resection. During the next 5 months the tumor grew up to 8 cm in largest diameter. Histology revealed monophasic synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed bcl2, focal CD99 and high molecular weight cytokeratin positivity, while smooth muscle actin, S100 and CD34 immunostainings were negative. Becose of this reoperation was not possible, curative six cycles of doxorubicine and ifosfamide with granulocyte colony stimulating factor support and 60 Gy radiotherapy was given to the tumor bed. After these treatments computed tomography scan was negative and the patient attended regular imaging every 3 months. At the age of 20 years the patient developed two neoplastic lesions in the surgical scar measuring 10 mm and 45 × 10 mm in size. R0 resection, partial rib resection and abdominal wall reconstruction were performed. Histology confirmed residual monophasic synovial sarcoma. Radiotherapy was not given because of a risk of intestinal wall perforation. Staging positron emission tomography-computed tomography proved to be negative. At the age of 22 years magnetic resonance imaging scans indicated no tumor recurrence, but after one month a rapidly growing tumorous lesion was found on ultradound in the surgical scar measuring 20 × 20 × 12 mm in size. Cytology confirmed local recurrence and fluorescence in situ hibridization indicated t(x;18). R0 exstirpation and partial mesh resection were performed and histology showed the same monophasic synovial sarcoma. Because of the presence of vascular invasion and a close resection margin (1 mm) the patient underwent 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicine and ifosfamide) with granulocyte colony stimulating factor support and 3 cycles of ifosfamide. After 2 years follow up at the age of 24 years, imaging studies did not reveal any local or distant recurrence. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(6), 224–229.
In silico diabetológia
Authors: Dió Mihály , Deutsch Tibor , Mészáros Judit
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Simulation models can contribute substantially to our understanding and ability to control the dynamic processes underlying impaired glucose metabolism in diabetic patients. Aim: The aim of this paper is to outline a new comprehensive, physiologically-based dynamic model of glucose homeostasis incorporating up-to-date quantitative knowledge about glucose metabolism and its control by insulin and glucagon. Method: The model is composed of three submodels for glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Results: The glucose submodel specifies the dynamics of glucose absorption following meals, hepatic glucose production and uptake, peripheral glucose uptake, kidney excretion, and insulin-independent uptake of glucose in the brain and red blood cells. The insulin submodel includes equations for insulin absorption, pancreatic insulin release and insulin clearance. The glucagon model specifies the hormone secretion and elimination kinetics. Algebraic equations are used to specify (i) how the hormones affect glucose production and utilisation in various compartments such as liver, muscle and fat tissues, and (ii) how glucose levels modify insulin and glucagon release from the pancreas. Setting the values of various model parameters is used to generate virtual individual patients. Conclusions: The model allows the simulation of 24-hour blood glucose profiles for both insulin-dependent non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(6), 219–223.
Johannes Gregorius Macer Szepsius (1530–1579 után) kritikája az orvosokról
Authors: František Šimon , Magyar László András
Published: January 2016

Humanist author J. G. Macer Szepsius (1530–after 1579) born in Szepsi, Upper Hungary (today Slovakia, Moldava and Bodvou) lived in Krakow and was a typical author of Latin occasional poetry. In a part of his work De vera gloria libellus (Booklet on the true glory) published in 1562 he deals with certain professions and criticizes them. Physicians are described as being garrulus (loquacious), mendicus (beggar), and having a big belly due to a luxury. The Physician doesn´t read books, is lazy and not characterized by his knowledge, but rather by ignorance, arrogance and pride. Physicians prescribe medications without knowing their effects. Such a criticism is surprising, because Macer Szepsius was probably closely related to medicine. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(6), 230–232.
Adding Lifetime to Objects and Membranes in P Systems
Authors: Aman Bogdan , Ciobanu Gabriel
Published: January 2016

Membrane systems are computing devices inspired from the cell functioning. A feature of membrane systems is the fact that objects and membranes are persistent. In fact, this is not quite true in the real world: cells and intracellular proteins have a well-defined lifetime. Inspired from these biological facts, we define a model of membrane systems in which each membrane and each object has attached a lifetime. Some results show that this model is at least as powerful as the usual one.
A Novel Model for Adaptive Control Systems A State Machine Approach
Authors: Valles-Barajas Fernando
Published: January 2016

In this paper a new model, based on state machines, of adaptive control systems is presented. Due to its high level of expressiveness, UML was chosen as the modeling language. In particular the paper presents a model of an indirect adaptive control system. This model can be used to document and to have a better understanding of adaptive control systems.
SRoL - Web-based Resources for Languages and Language Technology e-Learning
Authors: Feraru Silvia Monica , Teodorescu Horia-Nicolai , Zbancioc Marius Dan
Published: January 2016

The SRoL Web-based spoken language repository and tool collection includes thousands of voice recordings grouped on sections like "Basic sounds of the Romanian language", "Emotional voices", "Specific language processes", "Pathological voices", "Comparison of natural and synthetic speech", "Gnathophonics and gnathosonics". The recordings are annotated and documented according to proprietary methodology and protocols. Moreover, we included on the site extended documentation on the Romanian language, on speech technology, and on tools, produced by the SRoL team, for voice analysis. The resources are a part of the CLARIN European Network for Language Resources. The resources and tools are useful in virtual learning for phonetics of the Romanian language, speech technology, and medical subjects related to voice. We report on several applications in language learning and voice technology classes. Here, we emphasize the utilization of the SRoL resources in education for medicine and speech rehabilitation.
Image Segmentation using Euler Graphs
Authors: Janakiraman T.N. , Mouli P.V.S.S.R. Chandra
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a new algorithm for image segmentation problem using the concepts of Euler graphs in graph theory. By treating image as an undirected weighted non-planar finite graph (G), image segmentation is handled as graph partitioning problem. The proposed method locates region boundaries or clusters and runs in polynomial time. Subjective comparison and objective evaluation shows the efficacy of the proposed approach in different image domains.