bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internacionalizmi i domaće riječi u hrvatskome i ruskome traduktološkom nazivlju
Authors: Lewis Kristian
Published: December 2021

U ovome radu analizira se suodnos internacionalizama i domaćih riječi u
traduktološkome nazivlju hrvatskoga i ruskoga jezika. S obzirom na to da je u
sklopu projekta Hrvatsko jezikoslovno nazivlje (JENA) obrađeno, među ostalim, i
traduktološko nazivlje te da su doneseni nazivi na hrvatskome s definicijama i
njihove ruske istovrijednice, zanimao nas je odnos tih dvaju jezika prema internacionalizmima
i domaćim riječima, odnosno kako su se u njima terminologizirali traduktološki nazivi.
Na korpusu od 150 naziva provedena je poredbena analiza kojom ćemo pokazati
postoje li među tim dvama jezicima sličnosti i razlike pri stvaranju naziva te
daje li se prednost uporabi internacionalizama ili domaćih riječi. Istraživački
interes usmjerili smo i na sustavnost uporabe te utvrdili koliko se i u kojim
segmentima razlikuje hrvatska i ruska terminološka praksa.
Characteristics of left atrial strain in patients with atrial fibrillatio after cardioversion
Authors: Arshinova I. A. , Poltavskaya M. G. , Sedov V. P. , Bogdanova A. A. , Suvorov A. Y. , Kuchina A. Y. , Nikiforova T. V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study– to evaluate the parameters of left atrial myocardial strain in patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent electrical and drug cardioversion.

Materials and methods.The study included 118 patients of the University Clinical Hospital No 1 of the First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University. The analysis was carried out in three groups of patients: group 1 (n=54) – patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent electrical cardioversion; group 2 (n=31) – patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent drug cardioversion; group 3 (n=43) – patients without a history of atrial fibrillation. The clinical and anamnestic data of the medical history of each patient, as well as ultrasound indicators were evaluated: global strain of the left atrial, the values of negative peaks as a reflection of the left atrial systole and the values of positive peaks as a reflection of the filling of the left atrium, LASI – the left atrial stiffness index.

Results.The analysis showed that left atrial strain in patients with atrial fibrillation were reduced in all analyzed parameters: negative strain peaks (-9.00 vs. -12.6 in the control group, p<0.001), positive strain peaks (12.6 vs. 14.6 in the control group, p<0.001), global left atrial strain (21.5 in the atrial fibrillation group vs. 27.3 in the control group, p<0.001). Left Atrial Stiffness Index (LASI) was significantly higher in patients with a stopped episode of atrial fibrillation (0.50 vs. 0.40, p=0.006).

Conclusions.The indicators of left atrial strain were significantly reduced, and the left atrial stiffness index was significantly increased both in the group with electrical cardioversion and in the group with drug-induced cardioversion, compared with patients with similar cardiovascular pathologies, but without a history of atrial fibrillation episodes.
A Clinical Case of Fitting Scleral Lens for Correction of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
Authors: Pyltsina N. Yu. , Bezbabnova E. A. , Selezneva A. A. , Shmelkova M. S.
Published: December 2021

Background. Pellucid Marginal Degeneration (PMD) is a rare bilateral degenerative corneal disease. It causes corneal ectasia with bilateral, clear, inferior (typically 4 o’clock to 8 o’clock), peripheral corneal thinning. It usually affects about 80% of corneal stroma, which leads to the corneal ectasia above the thinning area as well as provokes the irregular astigmatism and visual impairment that are difficult to correct. Purpose. To study the possibilities of correction and social rehabilitation in a patient with PMD wearing scleral lenses. Materials and methods. The study included a patient with PMD, signs of corneal dysfunction and narrow-angle subcompensated glaucoma in the right eye, and PMD of the cornea resulted in a corneal leukoma – terminal glaucoma in the left eye. In addition to standard ophthalmic methods, we performed corneal topography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For intraocular pressure measurement, ICARE IOP tonometer was used in several areas of the intact peripheral cornea. Results. Prior to lens fitting, UCVA in the right eye amounted to 0.06. Scleral lens helped achieve a high visual acuity of 0.9–1.0. The lens was well-tolerated by the patient. Conclusion. Scleral lenses may be a good choice for patients with irregular cornea caused by corneal dystrophy. Not only they are easy to use and have a good visual effect, but they also help patients with social rehabilitation.
Pathogenesis of Increased Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open‑Angle Glaucoma: Literature Review
Authors: Panov A. A. , Akopyan V. S. , Semenova N. S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Despite the high socio-economic significance of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of this disorder has not yet been implemented, since the mechanisms of the development of this disease are not fully known and understood. One of the topical issues is the pathogenesis of ophthalmic hypertension in POAG.

Purpose. To summarize the currently known mechanisms of ophthalmic hypertension in POAG to search for potential molecular targets for pathogenetic pharmacotherapy.

Materials and methods. Analysis of publications on PubMed, Medline and eLibrary.

Results. Ophthalmic hypertension in POAG emerges due to increased resistance to aqueous humor (AH) outflow. It is caused by increased stiffness of Schlemm’s canal endothelium and trabecular meshwork as a result of changes in the structure and biomechanical properties of its cells and extracellular matrix. These changes are determined by the interaction of signaling molecules in the form of a pathological circle, the main links of which are TGF-β2 and its receptor, Smad 2/3/4, YAP/TAZ, sFRP-1 and CTGF.

Conclusion. The cause of ophthalmic hypertension in POAG is fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork. This pathological process is based on the interaction of proteins, the main of which are TGF-β2 and its receptor, Smad 2/3/4, YAP/TAZ, sFRP-1 and CTGF. These molecules can become promising targets for the pathogenetic pharmacological therapy of POAG.
A PRODUÇÃO DO RELATÓRIO DE UM PROJETO DE MODELAGEM
Authors: Campos Ilaine da Silva
Published: December 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a compreender como um grupo de estudantes produziu o relatório de um projeto de Modelagem com base em um roteiro, como esse roteiro foi interpretado pelos estudantes e como orientou suas ações em relação a essa tarefa. O roteiro é entendido como artefato que é reconhecido pelos estudantes como o parâmetro para o que será avaliado pela professora, explicitando a tensão entre a proposta de ambientes de aprendizagem de Modelagem e a Educação Matemática escolar. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa são estudantes de uma turma de terceiro ano do Curso Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio em Meio Ambiente do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, campus de Governador Valadares. Este estudo se fundamenta na Teoria Histórico-Cultural da Atividade. Os dados discutidos neste artigo são de natureza qualitativa e são oriundos de observações participantes. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível compreender que a natureza dos artefatos pode fazer prevalecer as relações de poder historicamente construídas sobre a Educação Matemática escolar, dentre as quais o poder exercido pelas avaliações em Matemática
A MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM OLHAR PARA OS TEOREMAS EM AÇÃO MOBILIZADOS EM SITUAÇÕES ENVOLVENDO O CONCEITO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Zampirolli Ana Caroline , Kato Lilian Akemi
Published: December 2021

A Educação Infantil é uma etapa obrigatória da Educação Básica para crianças a partir dos 4 anos de idade. Frente a isso, documentos que norteiam o trabalho a ser realizado nessa etapa escolar, como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e os currículos municipais, recomendam conteúdos a serem desenvolvidos de acordo com as faixas etárias. Em comum, esses documentos orientam, quanto à Matemática, que as crianças sejam capazes de estabelecer relações entre situações de seus cotidianos com outras áreas do conhecimento, além de instruírem que os professores valorizem os saberes trazidos pelas crianças, para assim ajudá-las na construção dos novos conceitos. Tais orientações vão ao encontro de propostas apontadas para o trabalho com Modelagem Matemática em sala de aula. Nesse contexto, esse estudo propôs-se a investigar o processo de construção, por crianças desse nível escolar, do conceito de classificação, presente no currículo, favorecido pela Modelagem Matemática. Para as análises, nos reportamos à Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, em que identificamos os teoremas em ação mobilizados pelas crianças, que indicam compreensões acerca do conceito de classificação por meio de seus gestos, falas e desenhos. Amparados por essa proposta de investigação, neste artigo apresentamos os resultados das análises empreendidas, a partir dos dados obtidos durante a realização de uma atividade sobre o tema alimentação saudável. As análises possibilitaram a identificação de teoremas em ação mobilizados pelas crianças, que foram oportunizadas pelo desenvolvimento das etapas que constituem uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática.
A PERSPECTIVA SOCIOCULTURAL DA MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DURANTE A CONDUÇÃO DE TRILHAS DA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica , Orey Daniel Clark
Published: December 2021

O projeto das Trilhas de Matemática pode ser considerado como uma ação pedagógica que os professores utilizam para a promoção das práticas matemáticas locais para que os alunos possam perceber o conhecimento matemático aplicado em tarefas realizadas fora das salas de aula, em pontos específicos nas ruas de sua cidade. Assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e analisar a Modelagem Matemática em sua perspectiva sociocultural relacionada como uma proposta metodológica focalizada na Etnomodelagem, que busca auxiliar os alunos na leitura de sua realidade, visando direcioná-los para uma melhor compreensão de seu entorno através dessas trilhas. Essa abordagem possibilitou uma interação aprofundada dos participantes com o próprio mundo. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, com ex-alunos e pesquisadores nacionais e internacionais que desenvolveram e desenvolvem práticas relacionadas com as Trilhas de Matemática. Assim, por meio da triangulação dos dados e da utilização do design metodológico adaptado da Teoria Fundamenta nos Dados, constatou-se que a Modelagem Matemática vinculada às Trilhas Matemática têm possibilidades pedagógicas que podem ser aplicadas em salas de aula e auxiliar os alunos a perceberem a Matemática como um empreendimento humanista, bem como descobrirem a sua relevância na economia, na política, na sociedade e na cultura para que possam mobilizar as habilidades para auxiliá-los no entendimento dos problemas enfrentados cotidianamente.
INTERVENÇÕES DE PROFESSORES EM AMBIENTES DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Peixoto Thalis , Copetti Érica Alice , Lamb Ágata , Da Silva Soares Débora
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência e constitui-se como um exercício de reflexão acerca de como, e em que momentos, as intervenções de professores e professoras ocorrem em ambientes de Modelagem Matemática. Para isso, consideramos três pesquisas do Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação Matemática, Modelagem e Tecnologias (GEPEMMTec), que propõem ambientes de Modelagem Matemática no Ensino Básico. As pesquisas estão embasadas nas concepções de Modelagem de Barbosa (2001) e Malheiros (2008). Consideramos como dados recortes do caderno de campo dos professores e, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, procuramos identificar as intervenções realizadas pelos professores e em que momentos ocorreram. A análise dos dados apontou para a ocorrência de quatro tipos de intervenção. Três delas, conforme Veronez e Castro (2018), são: questionamento, esclarecimento e sugestão. O quarto tipo que observamos foi o que denominamos de "não intervenção". Observamos que as intervenções ocorreram: (i) quando foi preciso dar ouvidos a estudantes; (ii) para esclarecer algum procedimento; (iii) para esclarecer que tipo de informações eram válidas; (iv) quando foi preciso delimitar e/ou aprofundar alguma situação-problema; (v) quando os estudantes estavam em um "beco sem saída".
UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO ACERCA DA TOMADA DE CONSCIÊNCIA DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ATIVIDADES DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Schrenk Maykon Jhonatan , Vertuan Rodolfo Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Nesta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, investigamos a manifestação da tomada de consciência de estudantes de quintos e sextos anos do Ensino Fundamental enquanto desenvolvem atividades de Modelagem Matemática. Associada a um processo consciente de tomada de decisão, neste artigo a tomada de consciência é considerada em uma perspectiva metacognitiva. Já a Modelagem Matemática é considerada no âmbito da Educação Matemática. A questão que norteia a pesquisa é: O que manifestam estudantes de quintos e sextos anos do Ensino Fundamental em relação à tomada de consciência sobre suas ideias e seus encaminhamentos de resolução ao investigar uma situação por meio da Modelagem Matemática? Os registros escritos, os áudios e os vídeos das conversas dos estudantes enquanto desenvolviam a atividade, constituem os dados da pesquisa. O estudo aponta que a tomada de consciência, no contexto das atividades de Modelagem, é manifestada pelos estudantes: diante da necessidade de revisitar e monitorar seus próprios processos cognitivos; devido às atividades de mediação realizadas por outro (docente, estudante e/ou atividade); e devido às relações que estabelecem com conhecimentos e experiências já vivenciados por eles. Aponta, ainda, que em uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática, quando o estudante toma consciência sobre seus modos de aprender, acaba por potencializar sua aprendizagem, as relações que estabelece entre conceitos, seus modos de pensar e agir, bem como a superação de dificuldades.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA E PENSAMENTO ALGÉBRICO NO 6º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Tortola Emerson , Fadin Cristiana
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como atividades de Modelagem Matemática, na perspectiva da Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs), podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para isso foi desenvolvida uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática nessa perspectiva em uma turma de 6º ano, com alunos de 11 a 14 anos, de um Colégio Estadual localizado no Norte do Paraná. A pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito de um Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Matemática e tem caráter qualitativo, de cunho interpretativo, cujos dados analisados advém das gravações em áudio, vídeo e imagens e das produções escritas dos alunos. Constatamos no desenvolvimento da atividade a presença das cinco formas de pensamento algébrico, indicadas por Kaput (1999), algumas com mais frequência que outras, uma vez que os alunos utilizaram conhecimentos condizentes com sua idade e ano escolar, sinalizando que as formas de pensamento algébrico podem ser desenvolvidas ao longo dos anos escolares, possibilitando o estabelecimento de estruturas capazes de fornecer uma base para níveis mais elevados de abstração e formalização. Pontuamos, ainda, o potencial das atividades de Modelagem Matemática, na perspectiva das MEAs, para desenvolver o pensamento algébrico, particularmente no que se refere à produção de modelos matemáticos.
[vstplugin~] – A Pd external for hosting VST plugins
Authors: Ressi Christof
Published: December 2021

[vstplugin~] is a cross-platform Pure Data external for hosting VST 2 and VST 3 plugins that has been developed at the IEM in Graz. The external provides an extensive set of features which span several topics, such as channel layout, plugin search, real-time safety, GUI editor, parameter automation, preset management, MIDI events, transport and timing, bridging and sandboxing, multithreading and offline processing. We show the development process and discuss previous work in this area. We also cover the history of the VST technology, explain the differences between the VST 2 and VST 3 SDK and offer insight into their inner workings. Finally, we discuss possible improvements and extensions for the future.
O cinema na encruzilhada: Eduardo Coutinho e a proposta de credibilizar os saberes afrorreligiosos no documentário “Santo Forte” (1999)
Authors: Serafim Vanda Fortuna , Vieira Gabriella Bertrami
Published: December 2021

O artigo propõe-se a analisar a primeira sequência do documentário “Santo Forte”, aqui entendida como um prólogo da obra, atentando à forma como entidades da Umbanda, bem como seus adeptos, foram retratados na narrativa audiovisual em tela. A obra foi gravada na comunidade Vila Parque da Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, em 1997 e lançada em 1999, sob a direção do cineasta Eduardo Coutinho. O viés teórico adotado parte da História Cultural, em diálogo com as perspectivas decoloniais como Luiz Rufino (2019) e Frantz Fanon (2008). Tomamos o cinema como uma importante fonte de análise, à medida que constrói representações sobre determinadas identidades sociais, étnicas e culturais, podendo servir, ou não, como marcador da diferença e da diversidade.
Identidades e trajetórias juvenis (neo)pentecostais em Londrina (PR)
Authors: Lanza Fabio , Cardoso Kaique Matheus , Patrocino Luis Gustavo
Published: December 2021

O artigo apresenta estudos acerca da identidade de jovens religiosos pertencentes a Reviver Church, localizada em área nobre da cidade de Londrina (PR). A contribuição é sui generis aos estudos acerca das práticas religiosas, por considerar o lócus de pesquisa uma igreja emergente (neo)pentecostal. Por meio da observação participante intensiva foi possível identificar as interfaces entre os jovens (sujeitos), evidenciando as continuidades e descontinuidades das suas trajetórias religiosas e as novas formas de sociabilidades juvenis constituídas. A partir de uma perspectiva híbrida e sincretizante associa-se contribuições oriundas das denominações religiosas (pentecostal ou neopentecostal) já classificadas e consolidadas nos estudos sociológicos.
“Nossa Senhora do Bichinho”: a devoção das identidades não subalternas em um povoado no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Vera Lúcia Ermida
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca da construção das identidades culturais mediada por elementos do catolicismo popular no povoado de Vitoriano Veloso, em Minas Gerais, a partir da devoção a Nossa Senhora da Penha de França. Considera o contexto colonial e pós-colonial sob a perspectiva decolonial para abordar a religiosidade e compreender a devoção no espaço da subalternidade. A análise se apoia na argumentação de que o contexto da religiosidade local foi marcado pela precária evangelização e vivência de um catolicismo forjado pelas matrizes culturais diversas, o que favoreceu graus de autonomia dos/as fiéis, observáveis nos dias atuais sob a forma de protagonismo. A observação e a pesquisa etnográfica realizadas em 2015 e 2020, acolheu narrativas que evidenciam atualizações da subversão das hierarquias e certa autonomia na gestão da fé marcadas pela centralidade da materialidade de igreja.
Streptomyces as Microbial Chassis for Heterologous Protein Expression
Authors: Hwang Soonkyu , Lee Yongjae , Kim Ji Hun , Kim Gahyeon , Kim Hyeseong , Kim Woori , Cho Suhyung , Palsson Bernhard O. , Cho Byung-Kwan
Published: December 2021

Heterologous production of recombinant proteins is gaining increasing interest in biotechnology with respect to productivity, scalability, and wide applicability. The members of genus Streptomyces have been proposed as remarkable hosts for heterologous production due to their versatile nature of expressing various secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and secretory enzymes. However, there are several issues that limit their use, including low yield, difficulty in genetic manipulation, and their complex cellular features. In this review, we summarize rational engineering approaches to optimizing the heterologous production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in Streptomyces species in terms of genetic tool development and chassis construction. Further perspectives on the development of optimal Streptomyces chassis by the design-build-test-learn cycle in systems are suggested, which may increase the availability of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins.
m6A Methylation Regulates Osteoblastic Differentiation and Bone Remodeling
Authors: Huang Mei , Xu Shaozhe , Liu Lifei , Zhang Miao , Guo Jianmin , Yuan Yu , Xu Jiake , Chen Xi , Zou Jun
Published: December 2021

Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease of the aging population, which is characterized by a decrease in bone mass because of the imbalance of bone metabolism. Although the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis have been explored by different researchers, the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis are not clear exactly. N6 methyladenosine (m6A) is a methylated adenosine nucleotide, which functions through its interaction with the proteins called “writers,” “readers” and “erasers.” The epigenetic regulation of m6A has been demonstrated to affect mRNA processing, nuclear export, translation, and splicing. At the cellular level, m6A modification has been known to affect cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of bone-related cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts by regulating the expression of ALP, Runx2, Osterix, VEGF, and other related genes. Furthermore, PTH/Pth1r, PI3K‐Akt, Wnt/β‐Catenin, and other signaling pathways, which play important roles in the regulation of bone homeostasis, are also regulated by m6A. Thus, m6A modification may provide a new approach for osteoporosis treatment. The key roles of m6A modification in the regulation of bone health and osteoporosis are reviewed here in this article.
Deficits Associated With Loss of STIM1 in Purkinje Neurons Including Motor Coordination Can Be Rescued by Loss of Septin 7
Authors: Dhanya Sreeja Kumari , Hasan Gaiti
Published: December 2021

Septins are cytoskeletal proteins that can assemble to form heteromeric filamentous complexes and regulate a range of membrane-associated cellular functions. SEPT7, a member of the septin family, functions as a negative regulator of the plasma membrane–localized store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel, Orai in Drosophila neurons, and in human neural progenitor cells. Knockdown of STIM, a Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and an integral component of SOCE, leads to flight deficits in Drosophila that can be rescued by partial loss of SEPT7 in neurons. Here, we tested the effect of reducing and removing SEPT7 in mouse Purkinje neurons (PNs) with the loss of STIM1. Mice with the complete knockout of STIM1 in PNs exhibit several age-dependent changes. These include altered gene expression in PNs, which correlates with increased synapses between climbing fiber (CF) axons and Purkinje neuron (PN) dendrites and a reduced ability to learn a motor coordination task. Removal of either one or two copies of the SEPT7 gene in STIM1KO PNs restored the expression of a subset of genes, including several in the category of neuron projection development. Importantly, the rescue of gene expression in these animals is accompanied by normal CF-PN innervation and an improved ability to learn a motor coordination task in aging mice. Thus, the loss of SEPT7 in PNs further modulates cerebellar circuit function in STIM1KO animals. Our findings are relevant in the context of identifying SEPT7 as a putative therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative diseases caused by reduced intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
The Role of AI in Characterizing the DCM Phenotype
Authors: Asher Clint , Puyol-Antón Esther , Rizvi Maleeha , Ruijsink Bram , Chiribiri Amedeo , Razavi Reza , Carr-White Gerry
Published: December 2021

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is conventionally defined by left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction in the absence of coronary disease. Emerging evidence suggests many patients remain vulnerable to major adverse outcomes despite clear therapeutic success of modern evidence-based heart failure therapy. In this era of personalized medical care, the conventional assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction falls short in fully predicting evolution and risk of outcomes in this heterogenous group of heart muscle disease, as such, a more refined means of phenotyping this disease appears essential. Cardiac MRI (CMR) is well-placed in this respect, not only for its diagnostic utility, but the wealth of information captured in global and regional function assessment with the addition of unique tissue characterization across different disease states and patient cohorts. Advanced tools are needed to leverage these sensitive metrics and integrate with clinical, genetic and biochemical information for personalized, and more clinically useful characterization of the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offers the unique opportunity to impact clinical decision making through enhanced precision image-analysis tasks, multi-source extraction of relevant features and seamless integration to enhance understanding, improve diagnosis, and subsequently clinical outcomes. Focusing particularly on deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, that has garnered significant interest in the imaging community, this paper reviews the main developments that could offer more robust disease characterization and risk stratification in the Dilated Cardiomyopathy phenotype. Given its promising utility in the non-invasive assessment of cardiac diseases, we firstly highlight the key applications in CMR, set to enable comprehensive quantitative measures of function beyond the standard of care assessment. Concurrently, we revisit the added value of tissue characterization techniques for risk stratification, showcasing the deep learning platforms that overcome limitations in current clinical workflows and discuss how they could be utilized to better differentiate at-risk subgroups of this phenotype. The final section of this paper is dedicated to the allied clinical applications to imaging, that incorporate artificial intelligence and have harnessed the comprehensive abundance of data from genetics and relevant clinical variables to facilitate better classification and enable enhanced risk prediction for relevant outcomes.
Impact of 3D Printing on Short-Term Outcomes of Biventricular Conversion From Single Ventricular Palliation for the Complex Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Shi Bozhong , Pan Yanjun , Luo Weiru , Luo Kai , Sun Qi , Liu Jinlong , Zhu Zhongqun , Wang Hao , He Xiaomin , Zheng Jinghao
Published: December 2021

Background: Although Fontan palliation seems to be inevitable for many patients with complex congenital heart defects (CHDs), candidates with appropriate conditions could be selected for biventricular conversion. We aimed to summarize our single-center experience in patient selection, surgical strategies, and early outcomes in biventricular conversion for the complex CHD.

Methods: From April 2017 to June 2021, we reviewed 23 cases with complex CHD who underwent biventricular conversion. Patients were divided into two groups according to the development of the ventricles: balanced ventricular group (15 cases) and imbalanced ventricular group (8 cases). Early and short-term outcomes during the 30.2 months (range, 4.2–49.8 months) follow-up period were compared.

Results: The overall mortality rate was 4.3% with one death case. In the balanced ventricular group, 6 cases received 3D printing for pre-operational evaluation. One case died because of heart failure in the early postoperative period. One case received reoperation due to the obstruction of the superior vena cava. In the imbalanced ventricular group, the mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume was (33.6 ± 2.1) ml/m2, the mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 9.1 ± 1.9 mmHg, and 4 cases received 3D printing. No death occurred while one case implanted a pacemaker due to a third-degree atrioventricular block. The pre-operational evaluation and surgery simulation with a 3D printing model helped to reduce bypass time in the balanced group (p < 0.05), and reduced both bypass and aorta clamp time in the imbalanced group (p < 0.05). All patients presented great cardiac function in the follow-up period.

Conclusion: Comprehensive evaluation, especially 3D printing technique, was conducive to finding the appropriate cases for biventricular conversion and significantly reduced surgery time. Biventricular conversion in selected patients led to promising clinical outcomes, albeit unverified long-term results.
Real-World Use of Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Patient Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Gao Side , Xu Haobo , Huang Sizhuang , Yuan Jiansong , Yu Mengyue
Published: December 2021

Background: Current guidelines recommend ticagrelor as the preferred P2Y12 inhibitor on top of aspirin in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Yet, the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remain uncertain.

Methods: A total of 1,091 patients with MINOCA who received dual antiplatelet therapy were enrolled and divided into the clopidogrel (n = 878) and ticagrelor (n = 213) groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. The safety endpoint referred to bleeding events. The Kaplan-Meier, propensity score matching (PSM), and Cox regression analyses were performed.

Results: The incidence of MACE was similar for clopidogrel- and ticagrelor-treated patients over the median follow-up of 41.7 months (14.3 vs. 15.0%; p = 0.802). The use of ticagrelor was not associated with a reduced risk of MACE compared with clopidogrel after multivariable adjustment in overall (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.84–1.86, p = 0.262) and in subgroups of MINOCA patients. Further, there was no significant difference in the risk of bleeding between two groups (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.83–3.36, p = 0.149). After PSM, 206 matched pairs were identified, and the differences between clopidogrel and ticagrelor for ischemic endpoints and bleeding events remained nonsignificant (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions: In this observational analysis of MINOCA patients, ticagrelor was not superior to clopidogrel in reducing ischemic events and did not cause a significant increase in bleeding, indicating a similar efficacy and safety between clopidogrel and ticagrelor. A randomized study of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in this specific population is needed.
Conservative Style, Liberal Production: Hemudu’s Binary System for Maintaining its Scapular Shovel Tradition in the Southern Yangzi Delta, 7000–6000 BP
Authors: Xie Liye , Lun Casey , Jiang Leping , Sun Guoping
Published: December 2021

In the past two decades, archaeological studies of knowledge and skill transmission for pottery and lithic production in preindustrial societies have significantly improved our understanding of how technological traditions were transmitted and how the transmission processes influenced technological persistence and changes. However, case studies of craft transmission for osseous technology are rare despite their equal importance to pottery and lithic industries in preindustrial societies. Our research fills the gap by examining early Hemudu Culture’s (7000–6000 BP) scapular implements in the southern Yangzi Delta to understand the linkage between learning and maintaining the scapular shovel tradition in Hemudu’s socio-economic context. We first traced the history of scapular tools to the precedent Kuahuqiao Culture (8200–7000 BP), then used published experimental results to identify the product traits pertinent to craft learning and infer Hemudu scapular shovel blades’ learning and production patterns. Hemudu scapular shovels had a unique, complicated hafting style and an evidential raw material preference for old water buffalo scapulae. However, the blades’ morphological details and technical solutions varied significantly. In addition, most finished products display manufacturing mistakes resulting from crafters’ lacking skills, experience, and intervention. Practice pieces are rare compared to finished and used products. Although additional evidence implies that practice might have been more common than the studied sample suggested, it was carried out with less-than-ideal bones and insufficient for developing technical competency. We argue that the Hemudu societal norms for a scapular shovel applied only to the highly visible aspects of the implement. The shaft and ligatures could reduce the visibility of many manufacturing flaws on the shovel blade to reach the desired visual effect of the shovel. The shovel blades were made by household crafters emulating from an artifact or a memorized template but had insufficient training and practice in manufacturing. Communities of practice were minimal to nonexistent among the shovel makers; alternative mechanisms to maintain the technical norms or hold a high product standard were also lacking. Therefore, we concluded that the scapular shovels were less important as a technical implementation than a visual communicator of social identity. The binary system of conformist style and material preference mixed with loose quality control in the shovel blade production reveals that social conformity and the associated learning pattern are circumstantial and fluid even for a community’s iconic implement. Further research with other artifact types in Yangzi Delta would help shed light on whether similar learning patterns were applied besides the creation of scapular shovels.
Mid-Miocene Lake Level Fluctuations in the Lunpola Basin, Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Yu , Quan Cheng , Li Yongxiang , Liu Weiguo , Liu Zhonghui
Published: December 2021

Knowledge of paleolake evolution is highly important for understanding the past hydroclimate regime on the Tibetan Plateau and associated forcing mechanisms. However, the hydrological history of paleolakes on the central plateau, the core region of the plateau, remains largely inconclusive. Here we present new biomarker records from lacustrine deposits of the Lunpori section in the Lunpola Basin to reconstruct detailed lake-level fluctuations during the mid-Miocene. A set of n-alkane indexes, including the proportion of aquatic macrophytes (Paq), average chain length and carbon preference index as well as the content of n-alkanes, vary substantially and consistently throughout the studied interval. Our results altogether show relatively low lake level at ∼16.3–15.5 Ma and high lake level before and after the interval, which is in line with the lithological observations in the section. Further comparison with existing regional and global temperature records suggests that lake level fluctuations can be largely linked to global climatic conditions during the mid-Miocene, with lake expansion during relatively warm periods and vice versa. Therefore, we infer that global climatic changes might have controlled the lake-level fluctuations in this region during the mid-Miocene, whereas the tectonic uplift likely played a subordinate role on this timescale.
A Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma: Lessons From an Exceptional Case Report
Authors: Remón-Ruiz Pablo , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Dios-Fuentes Elena , Moreno Juan Manuel Canelo , Fernandez Peña Ignacio , Garcia Miriam Alonso , Japón-Rodriguez Miguel Angel , Roldán Florinda , Fajardo Elena , Kaen Ariel , Ruiz-Valdepeñas Eugenio Cardenas , Cano David , Soto-Moreno Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, neither imaging nor pathology evaluation can accurately predict the aggressiveness or treatment resistance of pituitary tumors at diagnosis. However, histological examination can provide useful information that might alert clinicians about the nature of pituitary tumors. Here, we describe our experience with a silent corticothoph tumor with unusual pathology, aggressive local invasion and metastatic dissemination during follow-up. We present a 61-year-old man with third cranial nerve palsy at presentation due to invasive pituitary tumor. Subtotal surgical approach was performed with a diagnosis of silent corticotroph tumor but with unusual histological features (nuclear atypia, frequent multinucleation and mitotic figures, and Ki-67 labeling index up to 70%). After a rapid regrowth, a second surgical intervention achieved successful debulking. Temozolomide treatment followed by stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy associated with temozolomide successfully managed the primary tumor. However, sacral metastasis showed up 6 months after radiotherapy treatment. Due to aggressive distant behavior, a carboplatine-etoposide scheme was decided but the patient died of urinary sepsis 31 months after the first symptoms. Our case report shows how the presentation of a pituitary tumor with aggressive features should raise a suspicion of malignancy and the need of follow up by multidisciplinary team with experience in its management. Metastases may occur even if the primary tumor is well controlled.
Multi-Component Thermal Fluid Injection Performance in Recovery of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Qin Jianhua , Zhang Jing , Zhu Shijie , Wang Yingwei , Wan Tao
Published: December 2021

Field observations discern that the oil production rate decreases substantially and water cut increases rapidly with the increase of steam injection cycles. Compared with steam drive, the advantage of flue gas (also called multi-component thermal gas) co-injection with steam is that flue gas can increase the reservoir pressure and expand the heating chamber. In this paper, the flue gas generated by fuel burning in the field was injected with steam to improve heavy oil recovery. This technique was investigated in the large laboratory 3D model and implemented in the field as well. The huff-n-puff process efficiency by flue gas, steam, and flue gas–steam co-injection was compared in the experiments. The field practice also demonstrated that the addition of non-condensable gas in the steam huff-n-puff process recovered more oil than steam alone. The temperature profile in the wellbore with flue gas injection is higher than that with steam injection since the low thermal conductivity of N2 reduces the heat loss. With the increase of stimulation cycles, the incremental oil recovery by flue gas injection declines significantly.
The Tyrosine Kinase Tec Regulates Effector Th17 Differentiation, Pathogenicity, and Plasticity in T-Cell-Driven Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Sandner Lisa , Alteneder Marlis , Zhu Ci , Hladik Anastasiya , Högler Sandra , Rica Ramona , Van Greuningen Lars W. , Sharif Omar , Sakaguchi Shinya , Knapp Sylvia , Kenner Lukas , Trauner Michael , Ellmeier Wilfried , Boucheron Nicole
Published: December 2021

T helper (Th) 17 cells are not only key in controlling infections mediated by extracellular bacteria and fungi but are also triggering autoimmune responses. Th17 cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, some with pathogenic functions. They can cease to secrete their hallmark cytokine IL-17A and even convert to other T helper lineages, a process known as transdifferentiation relying on plasticity. Both pathogenicity and plasticity are tightly linked to IL-23 signaling. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Tec is highly induced in Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation was enhanced at low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in absence of Tec, which correlates with increased STAT3 phosphorylation and higher Il23r expression. Therefore, we uncovered a function for Tec in the IL-6 sensing via STAT3 by CD4+ T cells, defining Tec as a fine-tuning negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. Subsequently, by using the IL-17A fate mapping mouse combined with in vivo adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that Tec not only restrained effector Th17 differentiation but also pathogenicity and plasticity in a T-cell intrinsic manner. Our data further suggest that Tec regulates inflammatory Th17-driven immune responses directly impacting disease severity in a T-cell-driven colitis model. Notably, consistent with the in vitro findings, elevated levels of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were observed on intestinal pre- and postconversion Th17 cells isolated from diseased Tec−/− mice subjected to adoptive transfer colitis, highlighting a fundamental role of Tec in restraining IL-23R expression, likely via the IL-6-STAT3 signaling axis. Taken together, these findings identify Tec as a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation, pathogenicity, and plasticity, contributing to the mechanisms which help T cells to orchestrate optimal immune protection and to restrain immunopathology.
Altered Tim-1 and IL-10 Expression in Regulatory B Cell Subsets in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Yikai , Chen Zhiying , Qiu Junlin , Chen Hongzhi , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: December 2021

Background

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with a complex aetiology. B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells that produce and secrete the inhibitory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10), thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. It was recently discovered that T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 1 (Tim-1) is essential for maintaining Bregs function related to immune tolerance. However, the detailed understanding of Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs in T1D patients is lacking. This study aimed to characterize the profile of B cell subsets in T1D patients compared with that in controls and determine whether Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs play roles in T1D.

Materials and Methods

A total of 47 patients with T1D, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of different B cell subsets (including B cells, plasmablasts, and Bregs) in the peripheral blood. Radiobinding assays were performed to detect the antibody titres of T1D patients. In addition, the correlations between different B cell subsets and patient parameters were investigated.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, differences in frequency of Tim-1+Bregs were significantly decreased in patients with T1D (36.53 ± 6.51vs. 42.25 ± 6.83,P=0.02*), and frequency of IL-10+Bregs were lower than healthy controls (17.64 ± 7.21vs. 24.52 ± 11.69,P=0.009**), the frequency of total Bregs in PBMC was also decreased in patients with T1D (1.42 ± 0.53vs. 1.99 ± 0.93,P=0.002.**). We analyzed whether these alterations in B cells subsets were associated with clinical features. The frequencies of Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs were negatively related to fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r=-0.25 and -0.22;P=0.01*and 0.03*,respectively). The frequencies of Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs are positively correlated with fast C-peptide (FCP) (r=0.23 and 0.37;P=0.02*and 0.0001***, respectively). In addition, the frequency of IL-10+Breg was also negatively related to glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=-0.20,P=0.04*). The frequencies of Tim-1+Bregs, IL-10+Bregs and Bregs in T2D patients were reduced, but no statistically significant difference was found between other groups. Interestingly, there was positive correlation between the frequencies of Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs in T1D (r=0.37,P=0.01*). Of note, it is worth noting that our study did not observe any correlations between B cell subsets and autoantibody titres.

Conclusions

Our study showed altered Tim-1 and IL-10 expression in regulatory B cell in T1D patients. Tim-1, as suggested by the present study, is associated with islet function and blood glucose levels. These findings indicate that Tim-1+Bregs and IL-10+Bregs were involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Epitope-Based Vaccine of a Brucella abortus Putative Small RNA Target Induces Protection and Less Tissue Damage in Mice
Authors: Oliveira Karen Cristina , Brancaglion Gustavo Andrade , Santos Natália C. M. , Araújo Leonardo P. , Novaes Evandro , Santos Renato de Lima , Oliveira Sergio Costa , Corsetti Patrícia Paiva , de Almeida Leonardo Augusto
Published: December 2021

Brucellaspp. are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis in humans and animals. Currently available live attenuated vaccines against brucellosis still have drawbacks. Therefore, subunit vaccines, produced using epitope-based antigens, have the advantage of being safe, cost-effective and efficacious. Here, we identifiedB. abortussmall RNAs expressed during early infection with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and an apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Int) was identified as the putative target of the greatest expressed small RNA. Decreased expression of Int was observed during BMDM infection and the protein sequence was evaluated to rationally select a putative immunogenic epitope by immunoinformatic, which was explored as a vaccinal candidate. C57BL/6 mice were immunized and challenged withB. abortus, showing lower recovery in the number of viable bacteria in the liver, spleen, and axillary lymph node and greater production of IgG and fractions when compared to non-vaccinated mice. The vaccinated and infected mice showed the increased expression ofTNF-α,IFN-γ, and IL-6 following expression of the anti-inflammatory genesIL-10andTGF-βin the liver, justifying the reduction in the number and size of the observed granulomas. BMDMs stimulated with splenocyte supernatants from vaccinated and infected mice increase the CD86+ marker, as well as expressing greater amounts of iNOS and the consequent increase in NO production, suggesting an increase in the phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of these cells to eliminate the bacteria.
Case Report: First Occurrence of Plasmablastic Lymphoma in Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome
Authors: Yin Zexi , Tian Xin , Zou Runying , He Xiangling , Chen Keke , Zhu Chengguang
Published: December 2021

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome (APDS) is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency caused by acquired gene function mutation (GOF). APDS has a variety of clinical phenotypes, particularly recurrent respiratory infections and lymphoproliferation. Here we report a pediatric patient with APDS who presented with recurrent respiratory infections, lymphoproliferation, hepatosplenomegaly, bronchoscopy suggesting numerous nodular protrusions in the airways and a decrease in both T and B lymphocytes, and progression to plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) after 1 year. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the PIK3CD gene (c.3061 G>A p.E1021K). This is the first reported case of APDS combined with PBL and pediatricians should follow up patients with APDS regularly to be alert for secondary tumours.