bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned in Piloting a Digital Personalized COVID-19 “Radar” on a University Campus
Authors: Loh Po-Shen , Bershteyn Anna , Yee Shannon K.
Published: July 2022

Health authorities encouraged the use of digital contact tracing mobile applications (apps) during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the level of adoption was low because apps offered few direct benefits to counterbalance risks to personal privacy. Adoption of such apps could improve if they provided benefits to users. NOVID (COVID-19 Radar), a smartphone app, provided users with personalized data on social proximity of COVID-19 cases and exposed contacts. We analyzed uptake of NOVID at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) during the 2020-2021 academic year. Data included anonymous NOVID users who self-identified with Georgia Tech and their first- and second-degree network contacts. NOVID achieved 13%-30% adoption at Georgia Tech. Because of technical challenges, adoption waned after an initial peak. The largest increases in adoption (from 41 to 3704) followed administrative promotion of NOVID. Adoption increased modestly (from 2512 to 2661) after faculty- and student-led promotion, such as distribution of door hangers and a public seminar. Two-thirds of on-campus NOVID users were connected to a large network of other users, enabling them to receive data on social proximity of COVID-19 cases and exposed contacts. Network cohesion was observed to emerge rapidly when adoption rates passed just 10%, consistent with estimates from network theory. The key lesson learned in this case study is that top-down administrative promotion outperforms bottom-up grassroots promotion. Relatively high levels of adoption and network cohesion, despite technical challenges during the Georgia Tech pilot of NOVID, illustrate the promise of digital contact tracing when apps provide privacy and inherently beneficial personalized data to their users, especially in regions where Google Apple Exposure Notification is not available.
Happy Alone? Motivational Profiles of Solitude and Well-Being Among Senior Living Residents
Authors: Smith Jennifer L. , Thomas Virginia , Azmitia Margarita
Published: July 2022

Research on solitude in older adulthood is scarce, and findings are mixed on whether time alone at this age is risky or beneficial. A mixed-method study was conducted to examine patterns of motivations for solitude among senior living residents ( N = 397, Mage = 83) and associations with well-being. Cluster analyses identified four motivational profiles: Low, Positive, Negative, and Dual. Overall, those with Low and Positive motivations for solitude displayed greater levels of well-being on both hedonic (e.g., life satisfaction) and eudaimonic (e.g., personal growth) measures; in particular, the Positive profile showed significantly higher levels of psychological richness. Themes drawn from responses to open-ended survey questions asking about the benefits and challenges of both socializing and being alone are discussed in light of the four motivational profiles, and implications for aging services are discussed.
Military Professionalism, Power, and the Division of Labor: The Case of the Reintroduction of NCOs in the Swedish Armed Forces
Authors: Dandeker Christopher , Ydén Karl
Published: July 2022

While noncommissioned officers (NCOs) are hailed as the “backbone” of the world’s armed forces, relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to them compared with the officer corps. NCOs have been at the margins of social scientific literature, largely because of Huntington’s officer-centric concept of the military profession, which was based on a sharp division of roles and which excluded NCOs as well as reservists and soldiers. This article holds that the officer–NCO relationship is not a functional, timeless universal in military organizations and thus merits scholarly attention. The (re)introduction of NCO-style “Specialist Officers” in the Swedish Armed Forces is used to highlight how organizational and technological factors affect the division of labor between officers and NCOs and the text ends with a call for comparative research efforts on the category of NCOs.
Montgomery T-Tube Airway Restoration and Swallowing Rehabilitation for a Near-Hanging Female
Authors: Kao Yi-Hsuan , Pan Yi-An , Lee Kuo-Sheng , Huang Chun-Chao , Chang Chin-Wen , Hsieh Li-Chun
Published: July 2022

Patients who fail to commit suicide by hanging often end up with laryngotracheal injuries, which may lead to a compromised airway, swallowing dysfunction, and dysphonia. Previous studies have mainly focused on airway management after near-hanging attempts. Few have shed light on the treatment of swallowing dysfunction after laryngotracheal injuries. Here, we present a near-hanging patient who developed complete dysphagia shortly afterward. We used a Montgomery T-tube as an endolaryngeal stent, combined with swallowing rehabilitation. The patient’s swallowing ability was gradually restored one month after the surgery, and the stent was removed six months later. The present case report exemplifies the unique way of using the Montgomery T-tubes in clinical practice. Among the patients with airway stenosis affecting the larynx and extending to the vocal cords, Montgomery T-tube may be the only stent that can help manage strictures at the level of the vocal cords and in the supraglottic region, restoring swallowing function and maintaining the airway.
The Feasibility of Outpatient Type I Thyroplasty with Laryngeal Reinnervation
Authors: Ostrander Benjamin T. , Vahabzadeh-Hagh Andrew M.
Published: July 2022

Type I thyroplasty has increasingly been performed on an outpatient basis. Laryngeal reinnervation is recognized for its long-term and functional benefits but is typically performed inpatient under general anesthesia. Herein we report the first published outpatient type I thyroplasty with laryngeal reinnervation performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Three adults underwent type I thyroplasty with ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reinnervation. A 23-year-old female with a history of generalized idiopathic epilepsy s/p vagal nerve stimulator implantation presented with persistent dysphonia. She developed longstanding left vocal fold paralysis. She underwent left type I thyroplasty with silastic implant and ansa cervicalis to RLN neurorrhaphy under MAC-local anesthesia. The patient was discharged home on the day of surgery. Two additional patients underwent the same procedure, including a 58-year-old male with postsurgical dysphonia who was admitted for overnight observation due to a small amount of incisional crepitus and a 23-year-old female with postsurgical vocal cord paralysis who was admitted overnight due to multiple comorbidities. Both were discharged on post-operative day one without issue and demonstrated improvement in voice at follow up. Outpatient type I thyroplasty with laryngeal reinnervation under MAC is feasible with proper patient selection.
A giant pyogenic granuloma gravidarum in the nasal cavity: A case report
Authors: Jia Hui , Liu Xiao-wen , Li Yong , Guo Yu-fen , Liu Zeng-ping
Published: July 2022

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign fibrovascular proliferative lesion on the skin and mucous membranes, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. PG usually occurs on the head and neck region, fingers and toes. The oral gingiva is the most common location for pregnant patients, while it is rarely found in the nasal cavity. This case is notable not only for its uncommon site and size but also for its gradual growth after delivery. Endoscopic surgery can achieve the desired cosmetic effect and a satisfactory airway. A rapidly growing hemorrhagic lesion in the nasal cavity should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-Agger Nasi Approach for Resection of Ossifying Fibroma Involving the Anterior Skull Base: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note
Authors: Xiong Qinglan , Feng Xiaoshan , Fan Yunping , Sun Yueqi
Published: July 2022

Objective

A variety of approaches for resection of the ossifying fibromas in sinonasal cavities have been described. However, for those involving the anterior skull base, endoscopic surgery remains challenging because of limitations in identification of tumor boundaries from the anterior skull base and proper control of the tumor-feeding vessel. This study aimed to describe a technique for resection of ossifying fibromas involving the anterior skull base through an endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach, based on anatomic studies and surgeries.

Methods

Two human cadaveric heads were prepared for study of the anatomic relationship between agger nasi and anterior skull base. Two clinical cases were used to illustrate the technique and feasibility of the approach.

Results

The agger nasi was located anterior and inferior to the frontal ostium and the anterior skull base. The frontal ostium and anterior skull base could be visualized and accessed under the 0-degree endoscope by removing the agger nasi. Application of the endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach in the two patients resulted in complete resection of the tumors with no surgical complications.

Conclusions

An endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach provides a direct access to the anterior skull base. It would be feasible, effective, and safe for selected cases of ossifying fibroma involving anterior skull base.
A Deep Learning-based Method to Extract Lumen and Media-Adventitia in Intravascular Ultrasound Images
Authors: Zhu Fubao , Gao Zhengyuan , Zhao Chen , Zhu Hanlei , Nan Jiaofen , Tian Yanhui , Dong Yong , Jiang Jingfeng , Feng Xiaohong , Dai Neng , Zhou Weihua
Published: July 2022

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging allows direct visualization of the coronary vessel wall and is suitable for assessing atherosclerosis and the degree of stenosis. Accurate segmentation and lumen and median-adventitia (MA) measurements from IVUS are essential for such a successful clinical evaluation. However, current automated segmentation by commercial software relies on manual corrections, which is time-consuming and user-dependent. We aim to develop a deep learning-based method using an encoder-decoder deep architecture to automatically and accurately extract both lumen and MA border. Inspired by the dual-path design of the state-of-the-art model IVUS-Net, our method named IVUS-U-Net++ achieved an extension of the U-Net++ model. More specifically, a feature pyramid network was added to the U-Net++ model, enabling the utilization of feature maps at different scales. Following the segmentation, the Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations of 12 clinical parameters measured from our segmentation results and the ground truth. A dataset with 1746 IVUS images from 18 patients was used for training and testing. Our segmentation model at the patient level achieved a Jaccard measure (JM) of 0.9080 ± 0.0321 and a Hausdorff distance (HD) of 0.1484 ± 0.1584 mm for the lumen border; it achieved a JM of 0.9199 ± 0.0370 and an HD of 0.1781 ± 0.1906 mm for the MA border. The 12 clinical parameters measured from our segmentation results agreed well with those from the ground truth (all p-values are smaller than .01). Our proposed method shows great promise for its clinical use in IVUS segmentation.
Considerations in releasing public data: The case of local governments in Korea
Authors: Song Chaeeun , Kim Haklae
Published: July 2022

Local governments play a very important role in providing and disseminating public data; with the assistance of the national government, they also strive to promote effective policies for accessing this data. However, local governments face challenges in independently promoting public data policies owing to budget, manpower and technical constraints. This study analyses public data provided by local governments in South Korea from the perspective of management and use, apart from suggesting considerations for the public data policies of local governments. Public data provided by local governments were also collected, and both the data management method and use of such data were evaluated. Data management measures the currentness in complying with the update policy for each dataset, and the data utilisation measures the relationship between view and download as usefulness. A clustering analysis was conducted to analyse the common characteristics of individual local governments. According to the research results, most local governments do not systematically manage their datasets, and the use of the data provided is extremely low. It is therefore necessary to establish an effective data policy that considers the characteristics of local governments.
The Young Researcher’s Guide to Starting a Cohort Study
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: July 2022

A formally recruited, studied, and followed cohort is a rich source of data for a wide range of research questions; the larger the cohort, the greater the quantity of data systematically collected, and the longer the duration of follow-up, the greater the value of the cohort. Despite the ease of conducting cohort studies and the research value of such studies, few centers with long-term research goals conduct such studies. This article provides easy-to-understand practical guidance on how to start and run a cohort study.
The days add up: Daily marital discord and depressive reactivity linked to past-month depressed mood and marital risk across 10 years
Authors: Wilson Stephanie J. , Marini Christina M.
Published: July 2022

Marital discord fuels depression, according to decades of research. Most prior studies in this area have focused on macro-longitudinal change in depression over the course of years, and on global ratings of marital satisfaction. Less work has examined fluctuations in depressed mood and marital discord in daily life, and none has investigated associations of short-term patterns with longer-term depressed mood and marital outcomes. Using data from participants in the Midlife in the U.S. project, the current study examined daily associations between marital discord and depressed mood, as well as their links to concurrent and prospective patterns of past-month depressed mood and marital risk. Results showed that, on average, depressed mood rose on days when individuals had an argument or tension with their spouse (i.e., marital discord), after accounting for the roles of other stressors. More frequent daily marital discord was also associated with greater past-month depressed mood and marital risk, above and beyond prior levels. Those with larger depressive mood responses to discord in daily life (i.e., greater reactivity) exhibited higher concurrent past-month depressed mood and greater 10-year increases in depressed mood. As the first study to link daily marital patterns to concurrent and prospective changes in depressed mood and marital outcomes, this investigation uncovered two novel processes—daily marital discord and depressive reactivity—as important for understanding long-term patterns of marital risk and depression.
The challenges of post custodial management of digital records in Botswana laid bare
Authors: Mosweu Olefhile , Bwalya Kelvin Joseph
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the challenges of post custodial management of digital records in the context of Botswana. This is a qualitative study which used a focused review literature supplemented by interviews with seven (7) purposively selected records management experts. The study has revealed that the post-custodial management of digital records is a challenging vocation in Botswana. Such challenges include poor information and communication technology infrastructure, lack of capacity for digital records management, and an inadequate legal and policy framework conceptualized upon the capability to guide digital records preservation. These challenges suggest that records creating agencies may not be prepared and capacitated to manage digital records in a post custodial context. This study recommends that funds be made available to Botswana National Archives and Records Services to set up a digital archive that meets best practice standards in digital records preservation.
Can certification increase trade fairness and worker empowerment? Lessons from Fairtrade International-certified plantations in Ecuador
Authors: Raynolds Laura T
Published: July 2022

This article analyzes the strategic potential and empirical challenges of private governance in promoting decent work in global agriculture by curtailing buyer power and fostering labor agency, drawing lessons from Fairtrade International-certified flower plantations in Ecuador. The study explains (1) Fairtrade’s logic in promoting ‘trade fairness’ and ‘worker empowerment’ and operationalization of these values via its certification standards, (2) the power relations shaping certification practices in global flower markets and Ecuadorian plantations, and (3) the grounded implications of participation for firms and workers. Important lessons emerge. First, while Fairtrade pursues a promising avenue for challenging the buyer control that erodes supplier and worker power, it has only marginally reduced floral buyer power due to retailer resistance, low-bar certification competition, and programmatic regulatory gaps. Second, although Fairtrade’s empowerment approach has strengthened labor agency within and beyond the workplace, bolstering individual empowerment has proved easier than fostering associational power. As I show, certification practices and outcomes are mediated by commodity-specific global market politics and localized enterprise, labor force, and legal contestations which explain why program aspirations are often not realized. Standard systems can reshape internal trade relations and organizations but cannot alone ensure global trade equity or robust labor representation.
Prevalence and determinants of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue five years after total knee replacement
Authors: Hodges Alison , Harmer Alison R. , Dennis Sarah , March Lyn , Crawford Ross , Parker David
Published: July 2022

Objective

To determine the prevalence and predictors of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue five years after total knee replacement surgery.

Design

A longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Community-dwelling adults who had previously undergone total knee replacement.

Methods

Five-year follow-up questionnaire data were obtained from participants previously enrolled in a randomised controlled trial examining rehabilitation after total knee replacement. Main study outcomes at one year did not differ between randomisation groups, hence data were pooled for the present longitudinal analysis. Before and one and five years after surgery, participants completed questionnaires (Active Australia Survey, WOMAC, SF12 v2, demographics and fatigue).

Results

272/422 community-dwelling adults (45–74 years) completed the questionnaires at five years. Excessive sedentary behaviour was evident in 91% of the cohort, predicted by excessive sedentary behaviour and lack of energy at one year. Inadequate physical activity at five years was evident for 59% of the cohort, predicted by higher fatigue and comorbidity scores pre-surgery and inadequate physical activity at one year. Just under half (47%) of the cohort experienced clinically-important fatigue at five years, predicted by clinically-important fatigue before and one year after surgery, lack of sleep before surgery and physical activity one year after surgery.

Conclusion

Documenting physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue before and one year after knee replacement is important to identify those at risk of longer-term inadequate physical activity, excessive sedentary behaviour and clinically-important fatigue. Interventions to maintain activity and reduce sedentary behaviour are needed to reap the potential health benefits of total knee replacement surgery.
Examining the role of systemic chronic inflammation in diet and sleep relationship
Authors: Hepsomali Piril , Groeger John A
Published: July 2022

Background:

It is well known that systemic chronic inflammation (SCI), which can be modulated by diet, is associated with poor sleep outcomes. However, the role of SCI in diet health and sleep quality relationship has not been well established.

Methods:

Here, by using the UK Biobank data set, we assessed the association between markers of SCI (leukocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and basophil counts; C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), habitual intake of food groups, diet health and sleep quality in 449,084 participants. We also formally tested the possibility that SCI might mediate the relationship between diet health and sleep quality.

Results:

Our results revealed (i) negative associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in healthy diets (fruit, vegetable and oily and non-oily fish) and (ii) positive associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in unhealthy diets (processed meat). Sleep quality was also negatively associated with platelet counts, CRP levels and NLR. Crucially, however, while platelet and neutrophil counts, CRP levels and NLR fully mediated the association between diet health and sleep quality, leukocyte, lymphocyte and basophil counts partially mediated the associations between diet health and sleep quality.

Conclusion:

Reducing SCI via dietary interventions could be an effective primary and/or complementary strategy to increase sleep quality. Further interventional trials are warranted to (i) establish the strength of associations, preferably by using validated diet and sleep measures and (ii) examine longer term effects of anti-inflammatory diets on sleep-, diet- and inflammation-related health outcomes.
Effects of CYP2D6*4 polymorphism on the steady-state concentration of paroxetine in patients diagnosed with depressive episode and comorbid alcohol use disorder
Authors: Zastrozhin Mikhail , Skryabin Valentin , Petukhov Aleksey , Pankratenko Elena , Pozdniakov Sergei , Ivanchenko Valentina , Horyaev Denis , Vlasovskih Roman , Bryun Evgeny , Sychev Dmitry
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a common and increasing use for the treatment of patients diagnosed with depressive disorders. Some of them do not respond adequately to therapy, and numerous previous studies have indicated an increased risk of type A adverse drug reactions.

Objective:

The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of 1846G>A polymorphism of CYP2D6 on the concentration/dose ratio of paroxetine.

Material and methods:

The study enrolled 267 patients with depressive episode (average age, 40.3 ± 14.3 years). Therapy included paroxetine in an average daily dose of 25.1 ± 9.5 mg per day. The efficacy and safety rates of treatment were evaluated using the international psychometric scales. For genotyping, we performed the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been performed using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Results:

Our study revealed the statistically significant results in terms of treatment efficacy (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores): ( GG) 2.0 [1.0; 3.0] and ( GA) 4.0 [2.0; 5.0], p < 0.001; meanwhile, no statistically significant results were obtained for the safety profile (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Scale scores): ( GG) 3.0 [2.0; 3.0] and ( GA) 3.0 [3.0; 4.0], p = 0.056. We revealed the statistically significant results for the concentration/dose ratio of paroxetine in patients with different genotypes: ( GG) 2.803 [2.154; 4.098] and ( GA) 5.098 [3.560; 7.241], p < 0.001.

Conclusion

The effect of CYP2D6*4 genetic polymorphism on the efficacy profile of paroxetine was demonstrated in a group of 267 patients with depressive disorder.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA): Snitching, Sexuality, and Normalizing Deviance
Authors: Smith Hayden P. , Dunton Creaig A.
Published: July 2022

The normalization of deviance in the form of prison rape finds common themes in media, rape myths, and common discourse. However, these portrayals fail to include real world policies and the perspectives of incarcerated populations. As such, the normalization of deviance is assessed in the context of the implementation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA). A thematic analysis was conducted using qualitative survey responses from 407 males incarcerated in three medium-level security state prisons in the Southern United States. Surprisingly, respondents rejected stereotypical notions of sexuality (institutional deviancy) and snitching (cultural deviancy) surrounding prison rape. Rather, respondents favored standardized safety procedures and institutional responses designed to reduced risk, while also endorsing views that traditional snitching codes were not applicable to prison rape. This study provides implications for researchers and practitioners, particularly in the context of the implementation of PREA.
Reform of Forensic Mental Health Services in Italy: Stigma and Blaming the Messenger: Hermenoia
Authors: Carabellese Fulvio , Parente Lia , Kennedy Harry G.
Published: July 2022

About 40 years after the reforms leading to the closure of psychiatric hospitals (Ospedale Psichiatrico [OP]) in Italy in favor of a widespread model with a strong rehabilitation emphasis, Italy has chosen to close High Security Hospitals as well (Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario [OPG]). The new forensic treatment model is expected to be more respectful of the person, including the perpetrators of violent crimes, and aims to be less stigmatizing and more rehabilitative. Despite the favorable premises of the reform (Law n. 81/2014), Italian psychiatrists are now obliged to answer calls to give evidence on strictly legal issues such as the social dangerousness of the mentally ill offender drawing on evidence or paradigms that many believe do not belong to medical knowledge. Psychiatrists must now learn to communicate about the relationship between psychiatry and society as required by law. This public expression engages with the cultural climate of society. Otherwise, the risk is of increasing the level of complexity leading to real misunderstandings that paradoxically may feed the stigma. The Italian reform provides an opportunity for reflection on some issues concerning psychiatric action, on how the public perceives the mentally ill and their psychiatrists, on the relationship between psychiatry and the world of law, on clinical methodologies for structured professional judgment, on public communication regarding severe mental illness, and the risk that psychiatrists may inadvertently be blamed for conveying an unwelcome message about mental illness and social dangerousness—we have called this social sensitivity against psychiatrists “hermanoia,” blaming the messenger. The authors do not provide certain solutions but propose good practices.
Predicting wind power generation using machine learning and CNN-LSTM approaches
Authors: Malakouti Seyed Matin , Ghiasi Amir Rikhtehgar , Ghavifekr Amir Aminzadeh , Emami Parvin
Published: July 2022

Wind power has grown significantly over the last decade regarding its combability with emission targets and climate change in many countries. A reliable and accurate approach to wind power forecasting is critical for power system operations and day-to-day grid functioning. However, regarding to the nonstationary nature of wind power series, classic forecasting methods can hardly provide the desired accuracy and cause risks and uncertainties for system operation, which substantially affects how wind power companies make energy market decisions. This study proposes novel algorithmic approaches utilizing machine learning techniques to predict wind turbine power. Applied algorithms include extremely randomized trees, light gradient boosting machine, ensemble methods, and the CNN-LSTM method. Based on the provided results, the lowest mean square error value is related to the CNN-LSTM method, indicating that this method is more accurate. Also, the ensemble method provides admissible results despite the high speed of the algorithm.
The impact of business model workforce configurations on value creation and value appropriation in the Australian aged care sector
Authors: Brown David A , Ma Nelson , Yang Jin Sug , Sutton Nicole , McAllister Gillian , Parker Deborah , Rawlings-Way Olivia , Lewis Rachael L
Published: July 2022

This article examines the influence of business model workforce configurations on value creation and capture in a skills-based service setting, extending previous research on business model performance. We investigate workforce configurations (higher versus lower stability and skills) and value creation and appropriation in aged care organisations. More skilled and stable workforces are associated with greater value creation but not appropriation, while less skilled and less stable workforces are associated with lower value creation and higher appropriation. This informs a substantive challenge in delivering value creation while ensuring financially viable business models in a sector with significant consequences for quality failure.

JEL Classification: J24 - Human Capital • Skills • Occupational Choice • Labor Productivity; L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior; M12 - Personnel Management; I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
Extracting Highway Cross Slopes From Airborne and Mobile LiDAR Point Clouds
Authors: Shams Alireza , Sarasua Wayne A. , Russell Brook T. , Davis William J. , Post Christopher , Rastiveis Heidar , Famili Afshin , Cassule Leo
Published: July 2022

Adequate water pavement surface drainage on highways is crucial in minimizing the potential of hydroplaning. Highway cross slope has a significant effect of draining water laterally from the pavement surface. Currently, field surveying techniques and other manual measurement methods are used to collect cross slope data on a limited basis in most states, despite these methods being labor intensive and exposing personnel to traffic. Furthermore, field surveying techniques cannot provide continuous data and can only be conducted at sample-based locations. This study conducted a technical evaluation of the effectiveness of airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) scanning and mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanning systems in measuring pavement cross slopes. Cross slope data were extracted from the LiDAR point cloud at five selected test sections using two different methods: (i) end-to-end method using elevations only from the pavement edge lines to generate the cross slope; and (ii) 0.2 ft interval point extraction along the cross-section and using a fitted linear regression line as the basis for the cross slope. Cross slopes were also measured at test section locations using conventional surveying methods and compared with LiDAR-extracted cross slopes. Results demonstrate that LiDAR methods are reliable for collecting accurate pavement cross slopes and should be considered for the purpose of cross slope verification on a braod scale such as statewide to address cross slope and pavement surface drainage issues proactively.
Emission and Flight Time Optimization Model for Aircraft Landing Problem
Authors: Kursat Cecen Ramazan , Saraç Tugba , Cetek Cem
Published: July 2022

Aircraft landing is a critical operation for both terminal airspaces and airports. This study presents a multi-objective optimization model for this problem and aims to minimize the total flight time and emission value. A point merge system and vector maneuver techniques are implemented in aircraft to regulate air traffic. The model uses the augmented è-constraint method to reveal objective function relationships. To test the performance of the mathematical model, several realistic scenarios are generated and solved by GAMS/CPLEX solver. The algorithm can obtain Pareto-optimal solutions for each air traffic situation. In addition, noticeable reductions were observed in most of the Pareto-optimal solutions in emission values. The results showed that total emissions value and flight time were reduced up to 4.69% and 0.92%, respectively, compared with the first-come-first-served approach.
Did Operating Speeds During COVID-19 Result in More Fatal and Injury Crashes on Urban Freeways?
Authors: Das Subasish , Le Minh , Fitzpatrick Kay , Wu Dayong
Published: July 2022

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the transportation arena included less traffic, higher speeds, and higher fatal and injury crash frequencies. Many news media reported on speeding and its impact. However, the majority of these reporting are based on partial or incomplete information. The current study aims to understand the association between speed and crash on the freeways of Dallas (Texas) by collecting data from the National Performance Management Research Dataset, the Texas Department of Transportation’s (TxDOT’s) roadway inventory, and TxDOT’s crash database for 2018–2020. The results show decreasing traffic volume, increasing average operating speed, and increasing fatal and severe crash frequencies per 100 million vehicle miles traveled during 2020 (April–November). This study developed 8-month- and daily-level safety prediction models for fatal and injury crashes. The 8-month-level dataset contains speed measures as an aggregate for the 8-month period. The daily-level database includes operating speeds and fatal and injury crashes at the daily level where segments experiencing fatal and injury crashes were temporally matched with the same segment with the same day of the week and with no fatal and injury crash occurrences. For the 8-month models, average operating speed and speed variability are positively associated with fatal and injury crash frequencies during the COVID period. This association was also found for daily-level models. The findings of this study can help transportation agencies in developing strategies (for example, posted speed limit reconsideration, additional enforcement at specific locations) for crash reduction.
Effect of Sacroiliac Joint Pain on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Matched Comparative Cohort Analysis at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Horner Nolan S. , Rice Morgan W. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Ephron Christopher G. , Nho Shane J.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) may frequently have co-existing sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. It is known that patients with lower back pain undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) have inferior outcomes; however, it is unclear what the effect of SIJ pain is on outcomes after hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To determine whether patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with SIJ pain either subjectively or on physical examination achieve similar postoperative improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with patients without SIJ pain at 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS with SIJ pain were matched in a 1:2 ratio to controls without SIJ pain. Baseline demographics, as well as postoperative PROs and rates of achievement of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) or Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) at 2-year follow-up were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

A total of 73 patients (75 hips) with SIJ pain were matched to 150 control patients (150 hips) without SIJ pain. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in all PROs at 2 years ( P < .05 for all). Patients with SIJ pain had significantly lower postoperative PRO scores for the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) (SIJ pain: 80.4 ± 22.4 vs no SIJ pain: 88.0 ± 15.1; P = .006), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) (SIJ pain: 73.2 ± 22.8 vs no SIJ pain: 80.0 ± 17.3; P < .001), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 questionnaire (iHOT-12) (SIJ pain: 61.7 ± 25.9 vs no SIJ pain: 73.7 ± 23.7; P = .008). There were no statistically significant differences in improvement (delta) in PRO scores between the 2 groups ( P > .05 for all). The SIJ pain group had significantly lower achievement of MCID for the HOS-ADL (SIJ pain: 65.2% vs no SIJ pain: 80.5%; P = .044) but not HOS-SS, mHHS, or iHOT-12 ( P > .05 for all). The SIJ pain group had significantly lower achievement of PASS for the mHHS (SIJ pain: 27.5% vs no SIJ pain: 45.3%; P = .030) and iHOT-12 (SIJ pain: 31.0% vs no SIJ pain: 56.0%; P = .010) but not the HOS-ADL and HOS-SS ( P > .05 for both). Only 4.1% of patients with SIJ pain and 2.4% of controls required revision surgery or converted to THA at the time of final follow-up ( P = .69).

Conclusion:

Patients with FAIS and SIJ pain on history or physical examination experience significant improvement in PROs at 2 years after hip arthroscopy. However, they may be less likely to achieve the MCID or PASS and have significantly lower postoperative PROs compared with a matched cohort of patients without SIJ pain. Overall rates of revision and conversion to THA were similarly low in both groups.
Improving the extension–twist coupling performance of practically warpage-free laminates via layup hybridization
Authors: Vermes Bruno , Czigany Tibor
Published: July 2022

This article investigates whether the extension–twist and bend–twist coupling performance of practically warpage-free laminates can be improved by layup hybridization (carbon/epoxy–glass/epoxy hybrids) compared to non-hybrid (mono) laminates. We performed numerical layup search by simulating the thermal warpage, and the bend–twist and extension–twist behaviour of 4096 4-ply layup permutations. The upper limit of allowable manufacturing-induced warpage was based on the ISO2768 standard. The optimal hybrid and mono layups were selected to have the most significant coupling performance within the allowable warpage range. A mono layup achieved the maximum bend–twist performance (which does not require layup asymmetry), but layup hybridization increased the extension–twist performance by more than 30% in the practically warpage-free range. The numerical results were validated through 3D scanning and 3D digital image correlation–aided mechanical tests. We concluded that layup hybridization can significantly improve the extension–twist performance of realistically usable composite laminates with negligible thermal warpage.
Considerations for Transition From High School to Postsecondary Education
Authors: Gartland Debi , Strosnider Roberta
Published: July 2022

The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) affirms the importance of transition as a critical component of successfully progressing from secondary school to college or university for students with learning disabilities. Although NJCLD has addressed secondary to postsecondary education transition planning in a previous paper, several challenges remain. This NJCLD position paper includes information about the laws that affect students with learning disabilities at each level, documentation required, key participants, and programs and resources to assist in the transition process.
What Is Not in the Methods Section: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned From Conducting School-Based Interpersonal Violence Prevention Research
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Orchowski Lindsay M. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Temple Jeff R.
Published: July 2022

Interpersonal violence (IV)—which includes sexual assault, sexual harassment, teen dating violence, bullying, and other forms of violence—among youth (i.e., individuals 18 years of age or younger) is a public health crisis in the United States. As such, preventing IV among youth is a public health priority. Schools are natural settings for IV prevention among youth. However, conducting school-based IV prevention research with youth in school settings is riddled with challenges, and there is little systematic discussion of lessons learned from doing this work. As such, the purpose of this paper is to outline challenges, successes, and lessons learned from conducting school-based IV prevention research, as ascertained by four researchers with over 75 years of collective experience conducting school-based IV prevention research. Specifically, we focus on the importance of researchers (1) doing research on the school/school district prior to reaching out about potential partnerships; (2) establishing relationships with school partners that are characterized by being present, trustworthiness, and respect as well as the prioritization of school partners’ ideas over one’s research agenda; (3) working collaboratively with school partners to conceptualize and fund school-driven ideas; (4) preparing for pushback, often from parents/caregivers; and (5) embracing reciprocity (i.e., do things to support your school partners that may not directly benefit you). Additional considerations for recruitment, enrollment, and retention; program implementation and data collection; and dissemination are discussed.
Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Latinx Immigrants in the US
Authors: Cao Jiepin , Silva Susan G. , Quizhpilema Rodriguez Miriam , Li Qing , Stafford Allison M. , Cervantes Richard C. , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.
Published: July 2022

Latinx immigrants bear a disproportionate burden associated with intimate partner violence (IPV); however, efforts to develop evidence-based IPV prevention strategies and address health disparities have been impeded by a lack of understanding of the unique cultural (i.e., acculturation and acculturative stress) and socio-environmental (i.e., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) factors that contribute to IPV in this historically marginalized population. Guided by a contextual framework for IPV and a life-course perspective viewed through a gendered lens, this study aims to (a) identify relationships among acculturation, acculturative stress, ACEs, and IPV victimization and perpetration; and (b) explore whether profiles of IPV risk factors differ by gender (women vs. men) among Latinx immigrants. This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was a secondary analysis of data from the baseline assessment of 331 ever-partnered Latinx immigrants aged 18 to 44 in a longitudinal study named Salud (Health), Estrés (Stress), y Resilencia (Resilency) (SER) Hispano. Logistic regressions adjusting for individual characteristics and gender subgroup analyses were used to address study aims. The majority of the participants were women (71.30%). More than half of all participants had experienced IPV victimization (57.70%) or IPV perpetration (60.73%). Latinx immigrants with higher family stress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.16; p < .001) had an elevated risk for IPV victimization; those with more ACEs (aOR = 1.08; p  = .005) had an increased risk for IPV perpetration. Women had a lower risk of IPV victimization (aOR = 0.45; p = .03) and a higher risk for IPV perpetration (aOR = 3.26; p = .001) compared to men. Although further research is warranted, the profiles of risk factors for IPV perpetration were different for women than for men. Culturally tailored preventions focused on acculturative stress and ACEs are needed to help Latinx immigrant communities minimize exposure to life-course adversities, improve positive adaptation to the US, and eliminate IPV-relevant health disparities.
Breaking Barriers? Examining Neoliberal–Postfeminist Empowerment in Women’s Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Hamilton Justen
Published: July 2022

This article problematizes claims of women’s empowerment in “masculine” sports through an exploration of women’s participation in mixed martial arts (MMA)—a combat sport colloquially referred to as “cage fighting.” MMA, perhaps more than any other sport, allows women athletes to challenge patriarchal beliefs about gender by demonstrating women’s capacity for physical violence and domination. But whereas investigations into MMA have produced important findings for studies of men and masculinities, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to women’s participation in this hypermasculine world. This article begins to fill this gap through an ethnographic account of this growing sport. Drawing from more than four years of ethnographic fieldwork and 40 semi-structured interviews with professional women’s MMA athletes, I show how the neoliberal–postfeminist culture of MMA undermines its empowerment potential by shaping gendered subjecthood in ways that are conducive to the maintenance of gender inequality. I conclude by discussing the implications of my findings for women’s empowerment in sport.
Suicidal Economy of Turkey in Times of Crisis: 2018 Crisis and Beyond
Authors: Yücel Yunus , Kabalay Berkay
Published: July 2022

This article aims to explain the political-economic character of the increasing suicides in Turkey since 2018 that stem from indebtedness, poverty, and unemployment. It frames the acts as economy-relevant suicides to emphasize the embeddedness of these suicides within the neoliberal transformation and its consequences at the global and national levels. In this regard, the study traces the trajectory of neoliberalism in Turkey from 1980 to the COVID-19 pandemic, and critically evaluates the political and economic decisions of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government to reveal the causal links with the increasing number of suicides. The study argues that two aspects of neoliberalization have paved the way for the post-2018 suicides: the declining political and economic power of the working class and the outcomes of financialization such as long-term unemployment and indebtedness. Thus, it argues that economy-relevant suicides are pathologic but depict political character, regardless of their effectiveness as a political strategy, given the consequences of the neoliberal transformation and political choices in due course.
Investing in activism: Learning from children’s actions to stop child marriage
Authors: Cuevas-Parra Patricio , Tisdall E Kay M
Published: July 2022

This article draws on child activists’ experiences in Bangladesh and Ghana, who mobilised to stop potential child marriages from their respective Child Forums and Children’s Parliaments. Case studies were undertaken with 75 child activists, 10 girls whose child marriages had been stopped, and 22 adult stakeholders. The children’s activism disrupted intergenerational relations – unsettling adults’ attitudes towards children – and depended on such relations – children were successful in stopping child marriages because they drew on critical social capital and mobilised key stakeholders. Children’s activism thus has lessons for children’s participation literature more generally, in the synergies between children’s mobilisation and intergenerational relations.