bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNF220 is required for cerebellum development and regulates medulloblastoma progression through epigenetic modulation of Shh signaling
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , An Tao , Zhu Liang , Zhang Longlong , Wang Huishan , Ren Biyu , Sun Bin , Zhou Xia , Li Yan , Mao Bingyu
Published: May 2020

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) and its mis-regulation is linked to various disorders, including cerebellar cancer medulloblastoma (MB). We recently identified RNF220, an ubiquitin E3 ligase promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination and nuclear exportation of Glis, as a Shh/Gli regulator involved in ventral neural patterning. Here, we report that RNF220 is required for the proliferation of CGNPs and Daoy cells (a Shh-grouped MB cell line), where it works as a positive regulator of Shh signaling. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that RNF220 promotes Shh target gene expression by targeting the PRC2 component EED and alters levels of epigenetic modification marks on Shh target promoters. We provided evidence that RNF220+/-; Ptch1+/- mice showed lower spontaneous MB occurrence comparing to Ptch1+/- mice. Furthermore, in human clinical MB samples, RNF220 expression correlated well with that of GAB1, a Shh-group MB marker. Our findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of Shh signaling and identified RNF220 as a potential new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for Shh-group MB.
BMP4 promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition via ID1
Authors: Deng Ganlu , Chen Yihong , Guo Cao , Yin Ling , Han Ying , Li Yiyi , Fu Yaojie , Cai Changjing , Shen Hong , Zeng Shan
Published: May 2020

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for cancer cells to acquire metastatic potential, which primarily causes death in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a member of the TGF-β family that plays an indispensable role in human cancers. However, little is known about its roles in GC metastasis. In this study, BMP4 was found to be frequently overexpressed in GC tissues and was correlated with poor patient's prognosis. BMP4 was upregulated in GC cell lines and promoted EMT and metastasis of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of BMP4 significantly inhibited EMT and metastasis of GC cells. Furthermore, the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (also known as DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID1) was identified as a downstream target of BMP4 using PCR arrays and was upregulated via SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. ID1 knockdown attenuated BMP4-induced EMT and invasion in GC cells. Moreover, ID1 overexpression in BMP4 knockdown cells restored the promotion of EMT and cell invasion. In summary, BMP4 induced EMT and promoted GC metastasis by upregulating ID1 expression. Antagonizing BMP4 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for GC metastasis.
OPTN recruitment to a Golgi-proximal compartment regulates immune signalling and cytokine secretion
Authors: O'Loughlin Thomas , Kruppa Antonina J. , Ribeiro Andre L. R. , Edgar James R. , Ghannam Abdulaziz , Smith Andrew M. , Buss Folma
Published: May 2020

Optineurin (OPTN) is a multifunctional protein involved in autophagy and secretion, as well as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and IRF3 signalling, and OPTN mutations are associated with several human diseases. Here, we show that, in response to viral RNA, OPTN translocates to foci in the perinuclear region, where it negatively regulates NF-κB and IRF3 signalling pathways and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. These OPTN foci consist of a tight cluster of small membrane vesicles, which are positive for ATG9A. Disease mutations in OPTN linked to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cause aberrant foci formation in the absence of stimuli, which correlates with the ability of OPTN to inhibit signalling. By using proximity labelling proteomics, we identify the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), CYLD and TBK1 as part of the OPTN interactome and show that these proteins are recruited to this OPTN-positive perinuclear compartment. Our work uncovers a crucial role for OPTN in dampening NF-κB and IRF3 signalling through the sequestration of LUBAC and other positive regulators in this viral RNA-induced compartment, leading to altered pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
A functional in vitro cell-free system for studying DNA repair in isolated nuclei
Authors: Guardamagna Isabella , Bassi Elisabetta , Savio Monica , Perucca Paola , Cazzalini Ornella , Prosperi Ennio , Stivala Lucia A.
Published: May 2020

Assessment of DNA repair is an important endpoint measurement when studying the biochemical mechanisms of the DNA damage response and when investigating the efficacy of chemotherapy, which often uses DNA-damaging compounds. Numerous in vitro methods to biochemically characterize DNA repair mechanisms have been developed so far. However, such methods have some limitations, which are mainly due to the lack of chromatin organization in the DNA templates used. Here we describe a functional cell-free system to study DNA repair synthesis in vitro, using G1-phase nuclei isolated from human cells treated with different genotoxic agents. Upon incubation in the corresponding damage-activated cytosolic extracts, containing biotinylated dUTP, nuclei were able to initiate DNA repair synthesis. The use of specific DNA synthesis inhibitors markedly decreased biotinylated dUTP incorporation, indicating the specificity of the repair response. Exogenously added human recombinant PCNA protein, but not the sensors of UV-DNA damage DDB2 and DDB1, stimulated UVC-induced dUTP incorporation. In contrast, a DDB2PCNA− mutant protein, unable to associate with PCNA, interfered with DNA repair synthesis. Given its responsiveness to different types of DNA lesions, this system offers an additional tool to study DNA repair mechanisms.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Oxygen supply capacity in animals evolves to meet maximum demand at the current oxygen partial pressure regardless of size or temperature
Authors: Seibel Brad A. , Deutsch Curtis
Published: May 2020

The capacity to extract oxygen from the environment and transport it to respiring tissues in support of metabolic demand reportedly has implications for species’ thermal tolerance, body-size, diversity and biogeography. Here we derive a quantifiable linkage between maximum and basal metabolic rate and their oxygen, temperature and size dependencies. We show that, regardless of size or temperature, the physiological capacity for oxygen supply precisely matches the maximum evolved demand at the highest persistently available oxygen pressure and this is the critical PO2 for the maximum metabolic rate. For most terrestrial and shallow-living marine species, this “Pcrit-max” is the current atmospheric pressure, 21 kPa. Any reduction in oxygen partial pressure from current values will result in a calculable decrement in maximum metabolic performance. However, oxygen supply capacity has evolved to match demand across temperatures and body sizes and so does not constrain thermal tolerance or cause the well-known reduction in mass-specific metabolic rate with increasing body mass. The critical oxygen pressure for resting metabolic rate, typically viewed as an indicator of hypoxia tolerance, is, instead, simply a rate-specific reflection of the oxygen supply capacity. A compensatory reduction in maintenance metabolic costs in warm-adapted species constrains factorial aerobic scope and the critical PO2 to a similar range, between ∼2 and 6, across each species’ natural temperature range. The simple new relationship described here redefines many important physiological concepts and alters their ecological interpretation.
Immunosenescence and its influence on reproduction in a long-lived vertebrate
Authors: Judson Jessica M. , Reding Dawn M. , Bronikowski Anne M.
Published: May 2020

Immunosenescence is a well-known phenomenon in mammal systems, but its relevance in other long-lived vertebrates is less understood. Further, the influence of age and reproductive effort on immune function in long-lived species can be challenging to assess, as long-term data are scarce and it is often difficult to sample the oldest age classes. We used the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) to test hypotheses of immunosenescence and a trade-off between reproductive output and immune function in a population of a long-lived vertebrate that has been monitored for over 30 years. These long-term data are utilized to employ a unique approach of aging turtles with mark-recapture data and population-specific growth modeling to obtain more accurate estimates of age. We analyzed natural antibodies, lysis ability, and bactericidal competence in 126 individuals from 1 to 33 years of age captured during May and June in 2011. Older turtles exhibited greater natural antibody levels than young individuals across sexes. Young females with large clutches exhibited greater lysis ability, while older females with large clutches had decreased lysis ability, suggesting a trade-off between reproductive output and immune function conditional upon age. However, bactericidal competence increased later in the nesting season for older females. Our study rejects the hypothesis of immunosenescence in a long-lived turtle, despite evidence of actuarial and reproductive senescence in this population. Additionally, we detected mixed evidence for a trade-off between reproduction and immune health.
Physiological responses of wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to heatwaves
Authors: Cooper Christine Elizabeth , Hurley Laura Leilani , Deviche Pierre , Griffith Simon Charles
Published: May 2020

Desert birds inhabit hot, dry environments that are becoming hotter and drier as a consequence of climate change. Extreme weather such as heatwaves can cause mass-mortality events that may significantly impact populations and species. There are currently insufficient data concerning physiological plasticity to inform models of species’ response to extreme events and develop mitigation strategies. Consequently, we examine here the physiological plasticity of a small desert bird in response to hot (mean maximum ambient temperature=42.7°C) and cooler (mean maximum ambient temperature=31.4°C) periods during a single Austral summer. We measured body mass, metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, and body temperature, along with blood parameters (corticosterone, glucose, and uric acid) of wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata; Gould 1837) to assess their physiological state and determine the mechanisms by which they respond to heatwaves. Hot days were not significant stressors; they did not result in modification of baseline blood parameters or an inability to maintain body mass, provided drinking water was available. During heatwaves, finches shifted their thermoneutral zone to higher temperatures. They reduced metabolic heat production, evaporative water loss and wet thermal conductance, and increased hyperthermia, especially when exposed to high ambient temperature. A consideration of the significant physiological plasticity that we have demonstrated to achieve more favourable heat and water balance is essential for effectively modelling and planning for the impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
Impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health professionals
Authors: Sethi Bilal Ahmed , Sethi Ahsan , Ali Sadaf , Aamir Hira Shireen
Published: May 2020

Objective: Recognizing the huge potential ramifications of COVID-19 pandemic, this study explores its impact on health professionals personally and professionally along with the associated challenges.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative survey was conducted from March-April 2020. Participants included health professionals from various disciplines in both public and private-sector institutions of Pakistan. The sample size was not predetermined, and an iterative approach of simultaneous data collection and analysis was taken until data and time saturation were reached. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was carried out by two analysts.

Results: Two hundred and Ninety health professionals responded. They reported an impact on their mental, physical and social well-being. The clinicians mentioned facing an unprecedented workload in overstretched health facilities, while those in academia become engaged with planning/providing emergency remote teaching for the students affecting work-life balance. Some challenges associated with work-from-home and in the hospitals were identified.

Conclusion: During COVID-19, the health professionals are anxious, overworked and financially unstable while planning, creating and caring for others and their families. We need to support them to do their jobs, be safe and stay alive. Future research should explore the fears and coping strategies of health professionals during pandemics.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2779

How to cite this:Sethi BA, Sethi A, Ali S, Aamir HS. Impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health professionals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S6-S11. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2779

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Peripartum periventricular leukomalacia resulting in cerebral palsy associated with placenta previa in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shunji
Published: May 2020

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring abnormalities had been reported to correlate with decreased umbilical artery base excess associated with neonatal seizures. However, we present an infant born at 35 weeks of gestation diagnosed with cerebral palsy associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) without fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring abnormalities, According to the summary reports of PVL cases published on the home page of the Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy (JOCSC)), the percentage of placenta previa without FHR monitoring abnormalities in the cases of PVL was 5.7% (12/209), which seemed to be higher than the total percentage of placenta previa reported in Japan (0.3-0.5%).
Tracking and forecasting milepost moments of the epidemic in the early-outbreak: framework and applications to the COVID-19
Authors: Wang Huiwen , Zhang Yanwen , Lu Shan , Wang Shanshan
Published: May 2020

Background: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has attracted global attention. In the early stage of the outbreak, the most important question concerns some meaningful milepost moments, including the time when the number of daily confirmed cases decreases, the time when the number of daily confirmed cases becomes smaller than that of the daily removed (recovered and death), and the time when the number of daily confirmed cases and patients treated in hospital becomes zero. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to make right and precise prediction due to the limited amount of available data at the early stage of the outbreak. To address it, in this paper, we propose a flexible framework incorporating the effectiveness of the government control to forecast the whole process of a new unknown infectious disease in its early-outbreak.

Methods: We first establish the iconic indicators to characterize the extent of epidemic spread. Then we develop the tracking and forecasting procedure with mild and reasonable assumption. Finally we apply it to analyze and evaluate the COVID-19 using the public available data for mainland China beyond Hubei Province from the China Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period of Jan 29th, 2020, to Feb 29th, 2020, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.

Results: Forecasting results indicate that the number of newly confirmed cases will become zero in the mid-early March, and the number of patients treated in the hospital will become zero between mid-March and mid-April in mainland China beyond Hubei Province.

Conclusions: The framework proposed in this paper can help people get a general understanding of the epidemic trends in counties where COVID-19 are raging as well as any other outbreaks of new and unknown infectious diseases in the future.
A dataset for the perceived vulnerability to disease scale in Japan before the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Xu Haoqin , Sasaki Kyoshiro
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak is a worldwide medical and epidemiological catastrophe, and the number of psychological studies concerning COVID-19 is growing daily. Such studies need baseline data from before the COVID-19 outbreak for comparison, but such datasets have not yet been accumulated and shared. Here, we provide a dataset on the perceived vulnerability to disease scale for 1382 Japanese participants obtained through an online survey conducted in 2018 that will be useful for comparison with current or post-COVID-19 perceived vulnerability to disease data.
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data
Authors: Aldridge Robert W. , Lewer Dan , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Mathur Rohini , Pathak Neha , Burns Rachel , Fragaszy Ellen B. , Johnson Anne M. , Devakumar Delan , Abubakar Ibrahim , Hayward Andrew
Published: May 2020

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England.

Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region.

Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups.

Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region. We believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection (so that low paid and zero-hours contract workers can afford to follow social distancing recommendations), reducing occupational risks (such as ensuring adequate personal protective equipment), reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.
The Possibilities of Arithmetic of L.F. Magnitsky in Stimulating Professional Self-Development of Future Teachers
Authors: Chirkova Natal'ya
Published: May 2020

The preparation of future primary school teachers includes the analysis of textbooks and teaching aids in mathematics. The first domestic printed textbook on mathematics in Russia — “Arithmetic” by L.F. Magnitsky. The article describes the educational potential of this book as a source of methodological and mathematical knowledge, and as a means of stimulating professional self-development of students. The contents of a professionally oriented project aimed at introducing this book and its creator are disclosed.
Design and fabrication of freeform mirrors generating prescribed far-field irradiance distributions
Authors: Doskolovich Leonid L. , Bykov Dmitry A. , Andreev Evgeniy S. , Byzov Egor V. , Moiseev Mikhail A. , Bezus Evgeni A. , Kazanskiy Nikolay L.
Published: May 2020

We consider a method for designing freeform mirrors generating prescribed irradiance distributions in the far field. The method is based on the formulation of the problem of calculating a ray mapping as a Monge–Kantorovich mass transportation problem and on the reduction of the latter problem to a linear assignment problem. As examples, we design freeform mirrors generating a uniform irradiance distribution in a rectangular region and a complex chessboard-shaped distribution. The mirror generating a rectangular irradiance distribution is fabricated and experimentally investigated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations and confirm the manufacturability of the mirrors designed using the considered method.
Highly efficient InGaN-based LED with pre-roughening backside of GaN substrate
Authors: Alias Ezzah A. , Samsudin Muhammad E. A. , Ibrahim Norasmida , Mughal Asad J. , Denbaars Steven P. , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , Zainal Norzaini
Published: May 2020

This work proposes that roughening on the backside of a GaN substrate prior to InGaN-based LED growth not only simplifies fabrication steps for the LED but also cleans the other side of the substrate that was served as the surface growth for the LED. As compared to post-roughening, forward voltage of the LED has reduced at 3.48 V through the pre-roughening. Further, the peak external quantum efficiency of the LED on the pre-roughened substrate is 21.6% at

12

m
A

/

c
m

2

, while the LED on the post-roughened GaN substrate is 20.6% at

14

m
A

/

c
m

2

.
Highly-chirped Bragg gratings for integrated silica spectrometers
Authors: Field James W. , Berry Sam A. , Bannerman Rex H. S. , Smith Devin H. , Gawith Corin B. E. , Smith Peter G. R. , Gates James C.
Published: May 2020

A blazed chirped Bragg grating in a planar silica waveguide device was used to create an integrated diffractive element for a spectrometer. The grating diffracts light from a waveguide and creates a wavelength dependent focus in a manner similar to a bulk diffraction grating spectrometer. An external imaging system is used to analyse the light, later device iterations plan to integrate detectors to make a fully integrated spectrometer. Devices were fabricated with grating period chirp rates in excess of 100 nm mm−1, achieving a focal length of 5.5 mm. Correction of coma aberrations resulted in a device with a footprint of 20 mm×10 mm, a peak FWHM resolution of 1.8 nm, a typical FWHM resolution of 2.6 nm and operating with a 160 nm bandwidth centered at 1550 nm.
Scale dependent performance of metallic light-trapping transparent electrodes
Authors: Sun Mengdi , Kik Pieter G.
Published: May 2020

The optical and electrical performance of light trapping metallic electrodes is investigated. Reflection losses from metallic contacts are shown to be dramatically reduced compared to standard metallic contacts by leveraging total internal reflection at the surface of an added dielectric cover layer. Triangular wire arrays are shown to exhibit increased performance with increasing size, whereas cylindrical wires continue to exhibit diffractive losses as their size is increased. These trends are successfully correlated with radiation patterns from individual metallic wires. Triangular metallic electrodes with a metal areal coverage of 25% are shown to enable a polarization-averaged transmittance of >90% across the wavelength range 0.46-1.1 µm for an electrode width of 2 µm, with a peak transmission of 97%, a degree of polarization of <0.2%, and a sheet resistance of 0.35 Ω/sq. A new figure of merit is introduced to evaluate the light trapping potential of surface-shaped electrodes.
Enhanced spectral broadening in an optical parametric oscillator based on a PPLN crystal
Authors: Heng Jiaxing , Liu Pei , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: May 2020

We report a chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillator (OPO) generating light pulses with an instantaneous-bandwidth much wider than the parametric gain-bandwidth of nonlinear crystals. Our numerical simulations show that a relatively high residual second-order-dispersion within the OPO cavity is required in order to achieve the maximum signal-bandwidth from an OPO system. Based on this principle, we constructed an OPO using a 3-mm-long PPLN crystal, which produced a signal wave with an instantaneous-bandwidth of 20 THz (at −20 dB) covering 1447-1600 nm, roughly twice as much as the phase-matching bandwidth of the nonlinear crystal. This scheme represents a promising technical route for generating high-repetition-rate, ultrashort optical pulses with a wide bandwidth at various wavelengths, which may benefit many applications, including optical coherence tomography, pulse synthesis and spectroscopy.
O problema da Personalidade: Conferências de Henri Bergson na Universidade de Edimburgo (1914)
Authors: Gewehr Rodrigo Barros
Published: May 2020

O Problema da Personalidade é o nome dado a uma série de conferências proferidas por Bergson no quadro das Gifford Lectures em 1914. Dessas conferências, conhecemos apenas os resumos, que foram publicados em inglês na coletânea de textos Mélanges, seguidos na mesma obra de uma tradução para o francês de Martine Robinet . Mais recentemente, essa tradução para o francês foi revista e acrescentada de um extenso aparato crítico, por ocasião da publicação dos Écrits philosophiques, último volume da edição crítica da obra de Bergson, publicada pelas Presses Universitaires de France. A presente tradução de O problema da personalidade toma como base o texto original em inglês, publicado nos Mélanges, enriquecendo-o com a tradução das notas de Élie During publicadas no mencionado aparato crítico dos Écrits philosophiques.
El dolor en los escritos de Patočka de los años 40: intencionalidad negativa y experiencia del mal
Authors: Rodríguez Iván Ortega
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo apresentamos as análises fenomenológicas sobre a dor que Jan Patočka desenvolveu nos anos 40. Nelas, o filósofo aponta para uma posição interessante sobre a dor como uma experiência do mal. Em particular, a dor é uma intenção negativa, onde existe um objeto peculiar que aniquila todos os objetos possíveis aos quais os desejos humanos aspiram. Esta tese do filósofo checo, além de esclarecer todo o seu trabalho, enquadra-‑se plenamente nos atuais debates filosóficos e interdisciplinares sobre a dor.
Kant e a Filosofia Analítica Contemporânea
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique Jales
Published: May 2020

O autor estuda o impacto de Kant na filosofia analítica contemporânea e na respetiva historiografia, desde Frege, Russell e o positivismo lógico vienense, até a algumas reformulações mais recentes do problema kantiano sobre a distinção entre o analítico e o sintético, e a possibilidade do sintético a priori, como é o caso, entre outras, da de Quine e da de Kripke. Discute as razões que estão na origem do retorno a Kant na filosofia analítica desde os anos cinquenta do século passado até aos nossos dias (particularmente do que chama “rejeição versus aceitação de Kant”), e mostra que esse retorno se centrou (e em parte continua a centrar-‑se) na atualidade do problema referido e das respetivas implicações.
Fenomenología del dolor (presentación)
Authors: Horenstein Ariela Battán
Published: May 2020

Neste breve texto é apresentado o conjunto de trabalhos de pesquisa que se publicam aqui em uma seção especial dedicada aos resultados da pesquisa do Projeto Internacional de Investigação “Fenomenología del Cuerpo y Análisis del dolor II” (FFI 2017-82272-P - España).
El largo presente del dolor físico. Cinco leyes de la temporalidad adolorida
Authors: De Haro Agustín Serrano
Published: May 2020

O artigo pretende formular cinco leis essenciais que possam servir para caracterizar a temporalidade imanente peculiar da dor física. As três primeiras leis são comuns a inúmeras experiências de consciência: natureza cursiva da dor, ou não instantaneidade do fenómeno; natureza atual da dor, no sentido em que o decurso anterior de retenção não é adicionado de forma cumulativa à impressão de sofrimento; caráter mutável de todo processo doloroso, que nunca pára. A quarta lei refere-‑se a como o presente doloroso não se integra ao seu próprio passado numa manifestação coerente, mas resulta num longo agora que flui desajeitadamente, ora estagnando sobre si mesmo ora excitando ou persistindo. A dor não carece de uma “figura de tempo”, mas decompõem-‑na a todo o momento e é essencialmente arrítmica. A quinta lei assume uma contingência particular na duração efetiva da dor, que pode ser de curta duração, breve ou interminável. As duas últimas leis, profundamente “antimusicais”, permitem falar de uma temporalidade amorfa do sofrimento.
Fenomenología del cuerpo y análisis del dolor. Entrevista a Agustín Serrano de Haro
Authors: Horenstein Ariela Battan , Umbelino Luís António
Published: May 2020

O trabalho desenvolvido ao longos dos últimos anos por Agustin Serrano de Haro, nomeadamente no contexto das investigações fenomenológicas sobre o tema da corporeidade e, mais especificamente, sobre a questão da dor física, colocaram o seu nome entre os grandes especialistas mundiais nestas matérias. Ao importante número de ensaios publicados sobre os temas referidos, juntam-‑se alguns títulos de rara originalidade que vieram confirmar a qualidade do investigador do CSIC de Madrid. O objetivo da presente entrevista a Agustín Serrano de Haro é o de dar a conhecer de forma alternativa o trabalho e o pensamento deste importante investigador espanhol contemporâneo.
A magyar közoktatásban zajló privatizáció és annak hatásai
Authors: Ercse Kriszta , Radó Péter
Published: May 2020

A 2010-től napjainkig tartó időszakban a magyar közoktatás tulajdonosi szerkezetében két nagy horderejű változás történt: az önkormányzati iskolák „államosítása”, központi kormányzati tulajdonba vétele, valamint a közösségi tulajdonban lévő iskolák jelentős részének a kormányzat által támogatott privatizációja, különböző egyházi felekezeteknek való átadása. A tanulmány áttekintést nyújt a tulajdonosi szerkezet átalakulásáról és a privatizációs folyamatot serkentő kormányzati eszközrendszerről. Ezt követően a szerzők elemzik a privatizációs folyamat hatékonyságra, minőségre, eredményességre, a közoktatási szelekció mértékére, valamint a roma tanulók szegregációjára gyakorolt hatását. A tanulmány a feltárt problémák megoldásával kapcsolatos néhány oktatáspolitikai dilemma felvázolásával zárul.
Hospital-Acquired Versus Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Shamseddeen Hani , Xu Chenjia , Ghabril Marwan S. , Nephew Lauren D. , Desai Archita P. , Anderson Melissa , El-Achkar Tarek M. , Ginès Pere , Chalasani Naga P. , Orman Eric S.
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:

In patients with cirrhosis, differences between acute kidney injury (AKI) at the time of hospital admission (community-acquired) and AKI occurring during hospitalization (hospital-acquired) have not been explored. We aimed to compare patients with hospital-acquired AKI (H-AKI) and community-acquired AKI (C-AKI) in a large, prospective study.

METHODS:

Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis were enrolled (N = 519) and were followed for 90 days after discharge for mortality. The primary outcome was mortality within 90 days; secondary outcomes were the development of de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD)/progression of CKD after 90 days. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regressions were used to determine the independent association of either AKI for primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.

RESULTS:

H-AKI occurred in 10%, and C-AKI occurred in 25%. In multivariable Cox models adjusting for significant confounders, only patients with C-AKI had a higher risk for mortality adjusting for model for end-stage liver disease-Na: (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.57, P = 0.033) and adjusting for acute on chronic liver failure: (hazard ratio 2.44, 95% CI 1.63–3.65, P < 0.001). In univariable analysis, community-acquired-AKI, but not hospital-acquired-AKI, was associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD (odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.09–4.14, P = 0.027), but in multivariable analysis, C-AKI was not independently associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD. However, when AKI was dichotomized by stage, C-AKI stage 3 was independently associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD (odds ratio 4.79, 95% CI 1.11–20.57, P = 0.035).

DISCUSSION:

Compared with H-AKI, C-AKI is associated with increased mortality and de novo CKD/progression of CKD in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with C-AKI may benefit from frequent monitoring after discharge to improve outcomes.
3D Localisation of Target using Elevation Angle Algorithm with the use of Ground Radars
Authors: Raju Rachakonda G. , Kashyap Sudesh K.
Published: May 2020

A new novel method based on elevation angle algorithm (EAA) is proposed in this paper, to obtain 3D position of target using range and azimuth measurements of two ground 2D radars. The EAA estimates optimal target elevation angle wrt contributing radar by solving a non-linear optimisation problem using Levenberg-Marquardt method in geo-centric frame such as earth-centred-earth-fixed. The target position in geodetic frame (WGS84) is then obtained using slant range, azimuth and estimated elevation angle. The proposed method is evaluated using simulated but realistic radar data and accuracy of estimated position is found to be comparable with true position (error within acceptable limit). The method is also evaluated with real data from actual ground 2D radars and estimated target position is found to be comparable with reference navigation data (GPS) on-board of target. For each radar, corresponding Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to handle noisy, asynchronous measurements and to provide estimated range and azimuth at common reference time for altitude estimation using proposed EAA method. In case of real data, the estimated altitude is found to be comparable GPS altitude with error less than 5 % of true altitude. From the study, it is found that EAA is suitable to estimate target position using measurements from only two contributing asynchronous 2D radars in real-time as compared to some other techniques such triangulation and Trilateration where at-least three radars are required to get the position of target. This method can be useful to utilise network of vintage long range 2D radars to determine target position and to fill the gap wherever/whenever target is out of detection range of 3D radars. In addition, EAA method is compared with commonly used methodology such range only localisation and results are presented.
Estimation of Compressional Wave Speed in Marine Sediments using Biot Stoll Model and Buckinghams Grain shearing Model
Authors: Anu A.P. , Nair P. Velayudhan , Uthaman C.P. , Kumar T. Pradeep
Published: May 2020

Acoustic properties of seafloor sediments can be estimated using theoretical models by giving geophysical properties of sediments as inputs to the respective models. Empirical relations connecting the geophysical and geoacoustic properties are available in literature. In this study an experimental assessment of two such theoretical models viz., Biot-Stoll model (BSM), a poro-elastic model and the Buckingham’s grain shearing (GS) model, a visco-elastic model is done by estimating the compressional wave speed. Compressional wave speed is measured using in-house developed sediment velocimeter and is compared with the speed estimated using both the models and a regression analysis was done. It was observed that the Coefficient of determination R2 for BSM and GS model are 0.769 and 0.729, respectively. It shows that once the constants used in GS model are evaluated for the Indian waters, then it can be used to estimate the acoustic properties of sediments.
Study of Vibration Behaviour of Stiffened Polymer Composite Shells for Underwater Structural Applications
Authors: Patil Subhash R. , Murthy H. N. Narasimha , Srivatsa G.S. , Yandigeri Viketh S. , K. Ramanraj , Meti Basavaraja , Angadi Gangadhar , Harish D.V.N.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents vibration behavior of ring stiffened polymer composite thick shells used for underwater structures. Filament wound shells stiffened with internal and external rings and with hemispherical ends were tested for vibration in air and water in free-free boundary condition using roving hammer and fixed response method. Modal testing of the shells was performed under hydrostatic loading in a custom designed buckling tester for determining natural frequency at higher sea depths. Accelerometer was mounted on the inner surface of the shell. It was excited using a plumbob, rope and pulley arrangement. Experimental results were validated by modal analysis using Hyperworks and ANSYS. Vibration behavior in water was simulated by Fluid structure interaction approach. Experimental first natural frequency in water was lesser than that in air. With increase in hydrostatic pressure, the shell showed moderate variation in natural frequency. The experimental and numerical results of natural frequency and mode shapes were in good agreement with each other. Natural frequencies were lower in long and thick shells.
Forebody Wake Effects on Parachute Performance for Re entry Space Application
Authors: Pratap Mahendra , Agrawal Anil K. , Sati Subhash C. , Kumar Vipin
Published: May 2020

Forebody generates its own wake that influences the performance of aerodynamic decelerators during the flights. Many parachute Jumpers have experienced the failure of an ejected pilot chute as the parachute canopy collapsed and fell back on the Jumper because of wake developed behind the Jumper. In the available literature, limited data is available to predict the exact loss of parachute drag in presence of the forebody (FB). The purpose of this paper is to generate a comprehensive aerodynamic data to study the behaviour of FB-parachute dynamics by conducting the wind tunnel experiments. Wind tunnel test has been carried out to establish the initial design parameters of aerodynamic parachute. The experiment was carried out on a scale down model of 20 degree conical ribbon drogue parachute and FB with and without each of them at a subsonic speed for studying dynamic stability characteristic for different orientation of FB. The test results indicate that to ensure adequate stability for the capsule to descend vertically at a low subsonic speed, a cluster of two drogue parachutes be used. Under such condition, the overall drag coefficient found to be above 0.50 providing not only a safe descends velocity but increasing reliability of mission as well.
Entrepreneurship in the BRICS and cultural dimensions
Authors: Pecly Pedro Henrique Drummond , Ribeiro Priscilla Cristina Cabral
Published: May 2020

Goal: This article aims to identify the reasons that lead to the low expression of entrepreneurship in the BRICS through a literature review on cultural dimensions by the main authors.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The study was carried out through a bibliographic survey of the cultural dimensions in the cited authors, and of entrepreneurship in each one of the BRICS, in order to first define the cultural dimensions and values present in each nation and then explain the national entrepreneurial culture.
Results: The results reveal that the entrepreneurial attitude of a population is influenced by the cultural traits of the nation to which it belongs and by some economic aspects. Even though economic aspects influence the initiative to entrepreneur, they could be influenced by the main sector in the economy, by the nature of the entrepreneurship (opportunity or necessity), and by the dimensions of the authors under study.
Limitations of the investigation: The limitation of bibliographic research is the secondary source, which can produce contradictions.
Practical implications: The study shows to the nations (and their governments) what aspects of their cultures they must invest more time to motivate people to entrepreneur (culture dimensions). Governments can propose to industries present in the main sector and financial institutions to support research and entrepreneurship in the universities, in incubators and in technology parks. Some laws can be created to support entrepreneurial activities, and reduce the number of people who entrepreneur by necessity.
Originality / Value: The bibliometric study showed that there were not an article that united all five countries in a study about cultural dimensions and the low rate of entrepreneurship. This article contributes with this gap in the literature.
Pengaruh pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tentang gizi anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nuryanto Nuryanto , Pramono Adriyan , Puruhita Niken , Muis Siti Fatimah
Published: May 2020

Background: Nutrition education is one method to change the knowledge and attittude of nutrition on school children.The study aimed to see the effect of nutrition education on knowledge and attitude of nutrition among school children.Methods: The study was one group pre-post test design of a quasi experimental design. Subjects were 99 schoolchildren randomly selected through multi stage sampling method among the 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. They were givennutrition education using posters and pocket books in children meeting for three months. The data of knowledge andattitude were collected through interview using structure questionares. The differences in knowledge attitude andpractice of of nutrition among school children were tested by wilcoxon test.Results: The mean of knowledge about nutrition among school children before nutrition education is 66,45±9,6%increasing to 71,61±9,3% after nutrition education. Median of attitude before nutrition education is 70,31% increasingto 75% after nutrition education. The result showed that there was an effect of nutrition education on knowledge andattitude of school children.Conclusion: Nutrition education can improve knowledge and attitude of school children.
Pengaruh mikronutrien taburia terhadap perkembangan motorik anak usia 24-48 bulan yang stunting (Studi di Tanjungkarang Barat Kabupaten, Bandar Lampung)
Authors: Nugroho Arie , Susanto Hardhono , Kartasurya Martha Irene
Published: May 2020

Background: Stunting is associated to the developmental delays of gross motor and fine motor skills. Previous studiedstate that micronutrient supplementation has a positive effect on both motor skills development in children aged under24 months.Objective: The aim of this study was to analysis the effect of micronutrient sprinkle on motor development amongstunted children aged 24 to 48 months.Methods: A quasi-controlled experimental group study with a total of 63 stunting age 24-48 months are divided intotreatment group (31 children) and controls (32 children). Treatment group received micronutrient sprinklesupplementation once in two days for two months. Fine and gross motor development was measured by DDST II beforeand after intervention.Results: There was no difference in age, sex, energy intake, protein, zinc, folic acid and developmental delaypercentage before treatment. The percentage of fine motor delays before treatment was 48.4% in the treatment groupand 53.1% in the control group, while the percent of gross motor delay was 32.3% in the treatment group 34.4% in thecontrol group. After intervention, the percentage of fine motor developmental delays significant decreases 25.8%, in thetreatment group and 34.4% in the control group, while the percentage of gross motor delay in the control groupsignificant decreased to 12.5%, but not significant decreased to 16,1% in the treatment group. Confounding variablesin this study were include energy adequacy level, protein adequacy level, zinc, iron and folic acid. There was nodifferences percentage of developmental delays on fine motor (p= 0,514) and gross motor (p= 0,571) after theintervention and after controlling with confounding variables.Conclusion: Micronutrient sprinkle supplementation for two months did not influence the development of fine motorskills gross motor skills on stunting preschooler children age 24 to 48 months
Pengaruh kombinasi vitamin c dan vitamin e terhadap Kadar malondialdehid plasma pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2
Authors: Yasin Yade Kurnia , Kartasurya Martha Irene , RMD RA Kisdjamiatun
Published: May 2020

Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels produced by oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher than in non diabetes patients. Vitamin C and E inhibit oxidative stress and MDA production. The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of combined vitamin C and vitamin E on MDA plasma levels in T2DM patients.Methods: This double blind randomized pre post test control group design was carried out on 35 patients with T2DM without complication (age 40-60 yr) in Makassar. The treatment group (n=18) received vitamin C 250 mg/day plus vitamin E 400 IU/day and the control group (n=17) received placebo (seaweed powder 250 mg), for six weeks. Vitamin C was consumed before meal and vitamin E after meal. MDA levels were measured before and after supplementation by using TBARs method. Food intake and activity were derived from 24-hour recall method.Results: There was no different on MDA levels at baseline (p=0.151). At the end of the study, MDA levels increased in control group (5.8±2.74 to 7.2±3.00 nmol/ml; p=0.044) but not in the treatment group (7.2±2.88 to 7.7±2.02 nmol/ml; p=0.490). There was no difference in MDA alteration between the goups (p=0.316). There was no different in MDA levels at the end of the study (p=0.061) and confirmed after controlling the confounding variables: vitamin E intake and fasting blood glucose (p=0.809). Conclusion: Combined vitamin C 250 mg and vitamin E 400 IU for 6 weeks did not reduce MDA levels, but inhibit MDA production in T2DM patients.
Faktor determinan produktivitas kerja pada pekerja wanita
Authors: Widiastuti Suci , Dieny Fillah Fithra
Published: May 2020

Background: Participations of women in economy activities is not the new phenomenon in Indonesia. Every years total of female workers  increase. However, health or nutrition status of female workers haven’t gotten a good attention. This is can effect on lower productivity of female workers than male workers. Objective :This study was aimed to identify determinant factors of work productivity in female workers.Method: This study was an analytical study with cross sectional design. The selection of 40 subjects was performed by simple random sampling method. Data on energy intake was obtained from 3x24 hours food recall form. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured with anthropometric method. Percentage body fat was measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Haemoglobin was obtained from cyanmethemoglobin method, and data of work productivity was obtained by the comparison of sarong total that weaved succesfully by female workers during 5 work days with company target on time mentioned. The data analyzed with Shapiro wilk, rank spearman, and double linier regression.Result: Most of subjects (45%) were deficiency of energy intake. Total of 37,5% subjects were underweight. More than half of subjects (70%) were classified as normal percentage body fat. Total of 37,5% subjects were anemia, and 35% subjects were not productive. There were correlation between energy intake, percent body fat, BMI and haemoglobin with work productivity (p= 0,016; p= 0,013; p= 0,043; p= 0,000). The most correlation variable with work productivity in female workers was haemoglobin (adjusted R2 = 0,348).Conclusion: Haemoglobin had the most correlation with work productivity in female workers.