bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rutin on some of the Cardiac Biomarkers in White Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Al Hussani Muhammad Fadhel , Sabour Aseel Najah
Published: September 2022

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Rutin on some physiological parameters related to the heart in male white rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. The study included 48 adult male white rats, their weights ranged from (220-280) g, and their ages ranged between (8-12) weeks. The rats were randomly distributed into six groups of 8 rats for each group, and as follows: The first group, group 1, was considered a negative control group G1 that was supplied with water and the diet for the duration of the experiment which amounted to 30 days and the second group, group 2, was considered a positive control group that was given drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% by means of special drinking bottles and the diet for 30 days, the third group G3 was orally dosed with Rutin at a concentration of 60 mg/kg of body weight in addition to drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 30 days . The fourth group G4 also dosed orally with a solution of Rutin at a concentration of 30 mg/kg bw in addition to drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 30 days. fifth group G5 dosed orally with a Rutin only at a concentration of 30 mg / kg bw for 30 days. the sixth group G6 was also dosed orally with Rutin only at a concentration of 30 mg / kg bw for30 days. After the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized then blood was drawn from the heart directly for the purpose of obtaining serum to measure the level of Troponin, LDH, CK-MB and Myoglobin. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of Troponin, LDH and Ck-MB in the positive group compared to the negative control group, while a significant decrease in the levels of these enzymes was observed in the third and fourth groups compared to the positive control group, while in the two groups The fifth and sixth recorded a significant decrease compared to the positive control group. After obtaining these results, it became clear that Rutin compound has a positive effect in preventing oxidative stress and heart muscle damage. Keywords: Rutin, hydrogen peroxide, Rats.
The Etiology and Outcome of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Ali Syed Shayan , Butt Nazish , Altaf Hafiz Haris , Abbasi Amanullah
Published: September 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the causative factors that lead to bleeding in upper gastrointestinal tract and assess the outcomes after endoscopy. Methods: this study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, JPMC, Karachi using a non-probability sampling technique and cross-sectional study design for the period of one year from October 2020 to September, 2021. Adult patients of age between 18 years to 60 years of both genders, presented either with upper GI bleeding were enrolled in this study. Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected in a structured questionnaire. After enrollment of patients, lower upper gastrointestinal and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed to establish the diagnosis and source of bleeding and final analysis was performed using SPSS v. 23. Results: Five thirty-six patients with UGIB were recruited for final analysis and among them most common were males and accounted for 58.0% (n = 311) Large esophageal varices were was observed more prevalent cause of UGIB (57.4%, n = 308). Recurrent bleeding in 17 (5.6%) patients were observed under ≤50 years of age while 20 (8.6%) were of >50 years of age with a significant association between them (p= 0.028). Moreover, 02 (0.7%) died within 30 days under ≤50 years of age while 36 (15.5%) deaths were seen for those who were >50 years of age with a significant association (p< 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, we have observed that irrespective of age groups and gender, UGIB was most commonly caused by esophageal varices. Males were comparatively more prevalent. Our study also proves that risk of re-bleeding occurs as the age increasing along with higher short-term mortality. Keywords: Esophageal varices, UGIB, peptic ulcer, re-bleeding, mortality rate
How Ready Are Gym Users to Refrain from Performance-Enhancing Substances? The Transtheoretical Model of Change as a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Darjal Ahmed Abbas , Naji Arkan Bahlol
Published: September 2022

Methods: A descriptive predictive correlational design was be used to guide this study.The study included a convenience sample of male gym users who agreed to participate in this study. The study subjects were recruited from six private gyms.The study instrument includes subjects’ sociodemographic characteristics of age, living arrangement, family’s socioeconomic status, the performance-enhancing substances that the gym users use. It also includes the Transtheoretical Model of Change measures of Stages of Change for Performance-Enhancing Substances Scale (Short Form), the Stages of Change for Performance-Enhancing Substances Scale (Continuous Measure), the Processes of Change for Performance-Enhancing Substances Scale, the Self-Efficacy for Performance-Enhancing Substances Scale, the Decisional Balance Scale for Performance-Enhancing Substances. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows, version 28. Results: The study results revealed that around a half are in the Precontemplation Stage of Change, followed by those who are in the Contemplation Stage of Change, those who are in the Action Stage of Change, those who are in the Termination Stage of Change, and those who are in the Preparation Stage of Change. Conclusion: The greater the Pros, the higher the Stages of Change for performance-enhancing substance use the gym user would therein.The greater the Social Liberation, the higher the Stages of Change for performance-enhancing substance use the gym user would therein. The greater the Helping Relationships, the higher the Stages of Change for performance-enhancing substance use the gym user would therein. Keywords: Gym Users; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Transtheoretical Model
Optimizing the Role of Indonesian Broadcasting Commission in the Context of Disseminating Health Information during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Putrijanti Aju , Wibawa Kadek Cahya Susila , Purnamasari Megawati , Juliani Henny
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Information technology is developing very rapidly along with the emergence of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Various information related to Covid-19 delivered by broadcasters is required to be strictly monitored to ensure that the information received by the public is correct and valid. The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission has the authority to monitor the broadcasting. Objectives: This paper aimed to analyze the optimization of the role of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission to monitor the spread of health information during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Methodology: This study combined doctrinal law research and non-doctrinal legal research. The research specification was descriptive-analytical and the analysis was carried out qualitatively. Conclusion: The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission has not optimally carried out its duties and roles in monitoring the dissemination of information related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Institutional strengthening, institutional synchronization at the central and regional levels, and increasing the capacity of Commissioners are some efforts to optimize the roles and tasks of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission in the future. Keywords: Indonesian Broadcasting Commission; Health Information; Covid-19 Pandemic.
Genotype Base Prevalence of Hepatitis C
Authors: Mahmood Fawad , Kazmi Sumera , Wakil Hira , Kousar Khalida , Khattak Aamer Ali , , Khan Zahid Ullah
Published: September 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a positive sense single-stranded enveloped RNA virus. HCV is one of the most common blood-borne diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. HCV causes acute and chronic hepatitis which can eventually lead to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. World Health Organization reported that 3 % of the world’s population is suffering from HCV infection that is about 170 million people. The prevalence of chronic HCV infections in Pakistan is about 5%, with very common individuals being infected with HCV genotype 3a prevalence is in the range of 4.1 to 36% reported from various parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. This study was carried out in District Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total 1500 HCV suspected individuals visited District Headquarter hospital Mardan during September 2014 to April 2015 were enrolled. HCV antibodies were detected in about 230 patient serums during this screening. Out of these 230 patients 217 patient were further confirmed by qualitative Real Time PCR. All 217 samples were further analyzed for HCV genotyping by PCR based molecular technique. Genotyping results showed that HCV genotype 3a was found in 156 (72%) of the HCV positive isolates, 2a genotype in 22 (10%) and 3b genotype 17 (8%) and remaining 10% were mixed genotype. HCV genotype genotype 3a was declared as the most prevalent genotype with same in both genders that is 72 %. Genotypes 2a, 2b and 3b were more prevalent among male patients while mixed genotype was mostly observed in female infected individuals. Moreover majority of the infected population were form the age group 41-50 year. In 21-30 years age group the most prevalent genotype 3a after than following in competition 3b, in 31-40 years age group 2a 5 (7%), in years age group 41-50 2a 8 (9%) more prevalent. Keywords: Hepatitis C, Genotypes, Pakistan
Cardiac Biomarkers of High Risk of Complications and Death in Patients with SARS-COV-2 and CHF
Authors: Glavatskikh Yuliya Olegovna , Budnevsky Andrey Valerievich , Tokmachev Roman Evgenyevich , Nekhaenko Natalia Evgenyevna , Tokmachev Evgeny Viktorovich , Kupriyanova Arina Anatolievna , Pomogaibo Igor Evgenyevich
Published: September 2022

The review is devoted to investigate cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated with a high risk of complications and death. The article provides information on the main cardiovascular biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in relations to the processes of decompensation in patients with chronic heart failure complicated by ARVI, including the SARS-CoV-2. MeSHwords: heart failure, troponin I, NT-proBNP, cytokines, SARS-CoV-2
Is Interval Training more Effective and Efficient Workout for Fat Loss Compared to Continuous Training?A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mehmood Sana , Khan Amna Aamir
Published: September 2022

Background: Enhancing regular physical activity can lead to substantial health benefits. Interval-based high-intensity circuit training is an effective and efficient way of reducing body fat, yet the comparison between this type of training and long-term moderate-intensity continuous training is equivocal. Objectives: the objective was to conduct a meta-analysis for comparing high-intensity interval training with moderate-intensity continuous training on improving body fat. Method: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and CINAHL for the following inclusion criteria: (a) Studies that compare high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training using body fat as an outcome measure in a healthy population; (b) the frequency of the training at least four weeks; (c) Articles must be in the English language. Result: A total of 325 participants were included in 10 Randomized Control Trials (RCT). Results revealed that interval training has a mild pooled effect in reducing the body fat of the participants with an effect size of (SMD) of 0.26 (95% of CI=0.00 to 74.84) calculated at the random effect model. I2 14.87% (95% CI=0.01 to 0.45) in comparison to moderate-intensity continuous training performed during 6-12 weeks. Conclusion: We concluded that the intensity of effort has a significant impact in reducing fat loss in minimal time compared to continuous long-term exercise with less intensity. Keywords: Body Fat, Continuous training, Interval-Training, Sprint interval, traditional exercises
Clinical Efficacy of Azithromycin Versus Ciprofloxacin in Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Children
Authors: Riaz Sohaib , Hussain Ghulam , Javed Zeeshan , Yaqoob Nadeem , Rasheed Saima , Safir Nadia
Published: September 2022

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Azithromycin with ciprofloxacin in treatment of typhoid fever in children. Methodology: After permission from hospital ethical committee (letter attached) and informed written consent taken from attendants of patients of inclusion criteria, data was collected on data collection Performa. Patients fulfilling the criteria were admitted in Paediatric Department, Dar-ul-sehat hospital, Faisalabad. Patients were divided by lottery method into two groups A and B. Group A was given ciprofloxacin 15mg/kg/dose BD orally for 7 days. Group B was given azithromycin 10mg/kg/dose OD orally for 7 days. Both groups were kept under close observation for 7 days. Monitoring of patient during stay was done by researcher. The cost of medicine was beard by hospital. Results: In our study, 65%(n=65) in Cipro group and 52%(n=52) in Azithro group were between 3-8 years of age while 35%(n=35) in Cipro group and 48%(n=48) in Azithro group were between 9-14 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 7.07+3.25 and 8.27+3.03 years respectively, 48%(n=48) in Cipro group and 55%(n=55) in Azithro group were male while 52%(n=52) in Cipro group and 45%(n=45) in Azithro group were females. Comparison of efficacy of oral azithromycin versus Ciprofloxacin in children with enteric fever shows that 72%(n=72) in Cipro group and 85%(n=85) in Azithro group were treated effectively, p value was calculated as 0.02 showing a significant difference. Conclusion: We concluded that the clinical efficacy of Azithromycin is significantly higher when compared with ciprofloxacin in treatment of typhoid fever in children. Keywords: Children, Typhoid fever, treatment, Azithromycin, ciprofloxacin.
Quick Recovery of Fulminant Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Few Days with Excessive Intake of Plum Juice During Last Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Wahid Braira , Amir Anam , Rehman Haris Abdul , Fatima Mehreen , Ameen Ayesha , Syed Aamna , Khawar Hafiz , Aziz Muhammad Nauman
Published: September 2022

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the cause of acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure. HEV has huge global bioburden which accounts for 70,000 deaths and 20 million infections per year. HEV during third trimester of pregnancy causes maternal death, fulminant hepatitis, and death of fetus in some cases. Existing literature suggest 33% prevalence of vertical transmission among females infected with HEV during third trimester of their pregnancy. This case-study presents an unusual quick recovery of fulminant HEV in a pregnant female with no medication and excessive intake of plum juice during third trimester followed by normal delivery of health child. Further studies should be conducted to understand the effects of plum juice on liver function and its metabolism. Keyword: fulminant HEV, Pakistan, treatment, pregnant
Tolerability and Efficacy of Rivaroxaban vs Warfarin for Non Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rehman Mahboob Ur , Rauf Asma , Shah Amjad Ali , Ali Anwar , Abrar Amjad , Raza Malik Ali
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is seen in 1–2% of the general population. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the tolerability and efficacy of rivaroxaban Vs warfarin for non valvular atrial fibrillation. Material and methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad during January 2021 to June 2021. After permission from hospital ethical committee, total 70 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled in the study from OPDs of cardiology and allied Departments of hospital. Detailed history and physical examination was done to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained. Results: Out of 70 patients enrolled in total, 15 were excluded because of the above-mentioned exclusion criteria; 6 patients of NOAC group denied to participate and left cohort; and 4 patients lost the follow-up. Out of 45 participants, 21 were treated with rivaroxaban, while 24 were treated with warfarin. Conclusion: It is concluded that oral anticoagulant drugs for prevention of stroke in non-valvular AF have been evolved and adding new options and advantages for patients and physicians such as fewer frequency of drug and food interactions, no need for monitoring, broad therapeutic index and tolerated better by patients.
Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Escherichia Coli Phytase and Buttiauxella Phytase on the Growth and Digestibility in Broiler
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Abro Rani , Kabir Abdul , Rehman Bushra , Khattak Faryal , Khan Hamid Ali , Rashid Faiza , Ullah Muhammad Jawad , Shadman Muhammad , Bibi Mishal , Ullah Rizwan , Ahmed Zeeshan , Hayat Shubana , Ahmad Junaid
Published: September 2022

The effect of feeding different levels of bacterial phytase enzymes on the growth performance of broiler was examined using 250 Hubbard broilers, kept at the Poultry Experimental Station, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The products of bacterial phytase enzymes were incorporated in the basal ration at different levels consisted of 0mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (group B), 100 mg/kg (group C) E. coli phytase and 50 mg/kg (group D), 100 mg/kg (group E) Buttiauxella spp. phytase. The birds were studied for live body weight, feed and water intake, feed conversion efficiency, carcass weight, dressing percentage, weight of internal edible and non-edible parts, digestibility and economics. The difference in live body weight among treatment and control group was significant (P<0.05). The significantly higher live body weight (2160.00g/bird) was observed in group E (fed 100mg/kg Buttiauxella phytase) and lower (2060g/bird) in group A (control). The effect of treatment on feed and water intake was significant (P<0.05), Feed (3800.00g/bird) and water (3800.00 ml/bird) intake was significantly higher in group A (control) than other treatment groups. Better feed conversion ratio (1.74) was noticed in group E followed by group C, B, D and A respectively. Carcass weight was significantly higher in group E (1350.60) and lower in control group (1219.71), the influence of feeding different sources and levels of bacterial phytase enzymes on dressing percentage was non-significant (P>0.05).Significant (P<0.05) difference was noted for heart weight among the groups and non-significant (P>0.05) difference were examined for gizzard, liver, spleen and proventiculus weight among the groups. The data showed that higher percentage of crude protein digestibility was recorded in group E (75%), then C (72%), B (71%), D (70.8%) and A (70%) respectively. Similarly M.E (kcal) was greater in group E (30.5%), then C (30%), B (29%), D (29%) and A (28.5%) respectively. The comparative net profit among all groups demonstrated that group E generated better net profit (48.70) followed by group C (47.88), B (41.50), D (40.30) and A (35.20) Rs/bird respectively.From the current findings, it was concluded that the supplementation of feed with 100mg/kg Buttiauxella spp phytase enzyme resulted in higher live body weight gain, better FCR and improved digestibility of nutrients. Keywords: phytase enzymes, Buttiauxella spp., E. coli, broiler,
Hypocalcemia in Children Presenting with Afebrile Seizures
Authors: Naz Iram , Naeem Hafiz Muhammad Muaaz , Ikram Sundas , Naz Marina , Usman Muhammad , Rehman Abdul
Published: September 2022

Objective: To record frequency of hypocalcemia in children presenting with afebrile seizures. Methodology: This research includes 333 cases presenting with afebrile seizure for evlaution of hypocalcemia at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore during the year 2018. Each child was investigated for serum calcium. Specimen was collected from antecubital fossa by clean venipuncture using sterile disposable syringe. It was immediately transferred to a clean container with cap and sent to laboratory for analysis. Results: Age range in this study was from 2 months to 7 years with mean age of 3.627±1.68 years, mean duration of seizure 12.864±4.69 hours and mean weight was 16.099±4.44 Kg, 68.2% patients were of male gender and 31.8% patients were females. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is a key etiological component in afebrile seizures in infants and children. Keywords: Children, afebrilze seizure, hypocalcemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia and its Relation with Junk Food
Authors: Yahya Sheherbano , Khan Ramsha , Amin Sarah , Fatima Irum , Qayyum Yasir
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Aim of this study was to find iron deficiency anemia and the relationship between people who consumed junk food. Study design: Observational survey base study Method: This study was conducted from March 2022 to May 2022. The data of this study was collected through a questionnaire filled by people of age 18 to 35 years. Consent was attached at the end of the questionnaire that informed the purpose of the data collection and shows the willingness of the participant. The participant who filled out the questionnaire were 200 in number. The data about fast food was gathered using a food frequency checklist that has 25 different fast commonly eaten by people. Body weight and height were used to find the BMI and hemoglobin level was checked using the hematology analyzer at the clinical laboratory of the hospital. The study was approved by the Health Research Ethical Committee of the hospital. Results: Out of 200 participants 50 (25%) were male and 150 (75%) were females. the number of participants having an age greater than 18 years was 136 (68%) and having an age less than 35 years was 64 (32%), most people were educated with a literacy rate of 190 (95%) and 10 (5%) were not educated. Overall anemia awareness was found in 85 (42.5%) people and 115 (57.5%) did not know about anemia. Based on family income, we divided into three groups where the numbers of people from low-income families were 13 (6.5%), the middle class was 40 (20%) and the high income was 140 (73.5%). While checking the hemoglobin level of all we come out with 13(15%) participants with normal hemoglobin levels and 170 (85%) patients were found with anemia having Hb level Anemia<12mg/dL. Out of 170 anemic patients, 20 (11.76%) patients were underweight, 90 (52.94%) patients were of normal weight, 30 (17.65%) were anemic with overweight and 30 (17.65%) were obese. For all measured mean ±, SD = 28.5 ± 2.33. we found a greater number of iron deficiency anemia patients with moderate activity mean ± SD value for physical activity, 54 ±11.76, and fewer people with regular breakfast. Junk food consumption was high in anemic patients 155 (91.17%) and 135 (79.41%) anemic patients with daily junk food consumption. Results of Spearman correlation show mean ± SD was 140 ± 10.11 with a positive correlation of r value 3.05 and significant p-value 0.02. Anemia with 142 ± 9.56 with positive correlation results with r value 1.04 and p-value 0.03. Conclusion: We concluded that a positive correlation shows the direct proportion relationship between junk food and anemia that was higher the consumption of junk food higher the chances of anemia occurrence, lesser the consumption of junk food lower the chances to be anemic. Keywords: Anemia, junk food, iron deficiency
Effects of Sleep Quality on Cardiovascular System, Anxiety, And Academic Performance in Medical and Dental Students in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: . Asia , Waseem Shahid , Hidayat Marina , Usman Robina , Haq Memona , Abedeen Zainu
Published: September 2022

Background: Sleep disturbance is an important issue among medical students and high stress including the pressure of maintaining grades might affect the quality of sleep among students. Objective: To determine the effects of sleep quality on medical and dental students' cardiovascular system, academic performance, and anxiety at Peshawar Medical and Dental College. Methodology: The Riphah International University and Prime Foundation Pakistan Institutional Review Board approved a cross-sectional research for their respective institutions. Interrogation of randomly chosen individuals was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), as well as physiological data. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-25. Result: In our research, out of 600 individuals, 286 (46.7%) had excellent sleep quality (PSQI score less than 5) and 314 (52.3%) had poor sleep quality (PSQI score larger than 5). (PSQI score greater than 5). Among medical students, there was a statistically significant link between sleep quality and physiologic parameters, academic performance, and anxiety score; heart rate (p0.05), systolic blood pressure (p0.05), diastolic blood pressure (p0.01), and academic performance (p0.05) were all linked. Conclusion: Academic performance, heart rate, and blood pressure were shown to be significantly correlated with sleep quality in dentistry and medical students; however sleep quality was not found to be significantly correlated with anxiety scores. Keywords: Effects, Sleep Quality, Cardiovascular System, Anxiety, Academic Performance
Prophylactic Intravenous Vs Topical Lidocaine to Blunt Stress Response During Laryngoscopy
Authors: Iqbal Adnan , Javed Hafiz Muhammad , Ahmad Khaleel , Butt Mahnoor Rafique , Khalid Marrium , Ashfaq Muhammad Adeel
Published: September 2022

Background: The stress response is a common phenomenon occurred during laryngoscopy. Although this response can be transient and less harmful in healthy individuals, it might be hazardous among the many patients with underline disorders. Aim of the study: The purpose of the study was to compare the two different routes for lidocaine to determine the blunt stress response during laryngoscopy. Study design: A randomized control study was designed. Method: This randomized control study design was performed in the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. The duration of the study was from February 2021 to Jun 2022. The participant of this study was 70 in number having age between 30-60 years and was divided into two groups via a computer-generated randomization sheet. The first group name, group-A contains 35 patients, single dose of 200mg intravenous lidocaine was given before the laryngoscopy procedure. The second group was group B consisted of 35 patients who had to receive the topical (spray) lidocaine in a single dose of 200mg. Results: Group-A patients who had received the IV, lidocaine had a systolic blood pressure mean ± SD value of 120.03 ± 9.72 with a p-value of 0.021 which indicate the systolic was under control. Diastolic pressure means ± SD value was 75.81 ± 10.46 with a P-value of 0.012 which shows the significant effect of lidocaine to reduce the pressure. Arterial pressure was measured with mean ± SD = 75.34 ± 9.61 value. Group B patients who received the topical lidocaine dose, shows a 140 ± 10.87 mean ± SD value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure mean ± SD value was 85.42 ± 11.01 recorded. Arterial pressure with mean ± SD = 98.34± 9.13 value and significant p-value shows the higher arterial pressure. The use of topical lidocaine was not effectively controlling heart rate as indicated by mean ± SD = 99.87±10.14. Conclusion: Overall, the study suggests that prophylactic intravenous given laryngoscopy will provide a significantly positive response to handle the blunt stress response in a better way as compared to topical use of lidocaine. Keywords: laryngoscopy, Intravenous lidocaine, Topical lidocaine, Stress response
Assessment of Post Stroke Dementia in a Sizable, Well-Defined Stroke Cohort
Authors: Butt Mehwish , Omar Abdulfattah , Kousar Rubina , Tauseef Ambreen , Masood Sidra , Shabbir Talha
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In a sizable, clearly delineated stroke cohort, researchers aimed to investigate the clinical causes of post stroke dementia. Dementia after a stroke occurs frequently, and dementia danger after stroke is elevated. We still don't fully understand the stroke-related lifestyle factors for dementia. The purpose of our current research remained to discover pathological conditions that separate demented from no demented people in the great well-distinct stroke cohort Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 349 of 498 successive diagnosed patients with a diagnosis aged 58 to 87 years who underwent a thorough neurophysiological testing battery and MRI three months after the onset of the condition. The DSM-III dementia description remained applied. This battery included structured medical, neurological, also laboratory assessments; medical mental position examinations; undercover agent interviews; a comprehensive background of lifestyle factors. Results: When mixed Alzheimer's illness and vascular dementia were excluded, frequency of post-stroke dementia was 32.9 percent (112/349), stroke-related dementia was 29.5 percent (92/349), and dementia following a first stroke was 29.8 percent (82/279). Dysphasia ([OR], 6.7), main dominant stroke disorder (OR, 6.1), past of previous cerebrovascular illness (OR, 3.1), and low educational level were correlates of dementia in logistic regression investigation (OR, 2.2). The order of correlates persisted identical once researchers eliminated individuals having vascular disease and Alzheimer's illness or individuals having recurring stroke. When patients through dysphasia were excluded, main leading disorder (OR, 5.7) and a low level of education emerged as the strongly correlated (OR, 2.2). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the single clarification for post stroke dementia remains insufficient, but that the danger is instead influenced by a number of variables, such as injury features, host characteristics, and prior cerebrovascular disease. Keywords: Dementia, stroke, medical Causes.
Maternal Outcome and Prevalence of Placenta Previa Among Pregnant Patients
Authors: Nazneen Saira , Bukhari Naila
Published: September 2022

Background: Placenta previa is a serious complication, associated with feto-maternal complications, and mortality worldwide. Its incidence varies in different regions of the world, so for the sake of determining its prevalence in our health setup, this study is conducted. The primary goal of this study is to determine the outcome and prevalence of placenta previa among pregnant patients presented at khyber teaching hospital peshawar MTI. Material and Methods: A total of 6400 patients presenting to our department for elective and emergency caesarean section were examined for placenta previa. 120 patients were diagnosed with placenta previa. Maternal outcome was assessed in patients with placenta previa. Results: The frequency of placenta previa in 6400 patients presenting for emergency caesarean section was 1.87%. Antenatal bleeding was found in 70 (58.3%) patients, anemia was found in 43 (35.8%) and postnatal bleeding was found in 10 (8.3%). Conclusion: Prevalence of placenta previa was 1.84%. Antenatal bleeding, anemia and postnatal bleeding were adverse maternal outcomes. Keywords: Maternal, neonatal, outcome measures, placenta accreta spectrum, PAS, placenta previa
Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Khan Kalim Ullah , Khan Amir Taj , Ishfaq Muhammad , Khan Faramoz , Naeem Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The frequent cause of liver disease in the whole world is due to Hepatitis C virus. According to the estimate the worldwide infection due to hepatitis C virus ranges from 150 to 200 million cases. Amongst these cases the chronic infection are found in about 85% cases. In the globe the most important cause of mortality and morbidity is Hepatitis C virus. In the whole world Chronic Liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma of about 25% is due to hepatitis C virus. Objective: To find out the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Materials and Methods: This study was Descriptive cross sectional research study, which was directed at Department of Medicine, Hayat Abad Medical complex, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The time duration for our study was 8 month. In our study about 147 patient were observed to find out the frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Results: According to the results of our study, among 147 patients the analysis of age wise distribution was as follow; n= 20-25 Years 6(4.1%), 26-30 Years 26(17.7%), 31-35 Years 51(34.7%), 36-40 Years 28(19.0%), 41-50 Years 22(15.0%) and in 51-60 Years it was 14(9.5%). 49.12 years having standard deviation of ±2.142 was the mean age in our study. In our study gender wise distribution, amongst 147 patients 108(73.5%) were male while 39(26.5%) were female. 131(89.1%) patients were observed to have metabolic syndrome with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is no uncommon occurrence of metabolic syndrome in cases with HCV infection. There is significant association of metabolic syndrome with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) when HCV infection have more than 3 year’s duration. Keywords: Frequency; Metabolic Syndrome; Chronic hepatitis C virus infection; Mortality; Morbidity
Correlation between Smoking and Dyslipidemia in Elderly Males: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Narindar , Shaikh Shafaq Nazia , Iqbal Atif , Memon Faima Rani , Hussain Tazeem , Rafique Saima
Published: September 2022

Aim: To investigate the association between smoking and dyslipidemia in elderly males while accounting for age, BMI, and alcohol use. Study design: Analytical cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Bhitai Dental and Medical College Mirpurkhas from march 2021 to march 2022 Methodology: The research comprised 2,160 participants who were divided into 3 different groups: current smokers, non-smokers, & past smokers. The research excluded those who smoked just sometimes (one cigarette per day). This study separated smokers into four categories: light (26.7 pack-years), medium (426.7-90.5 pack-years), heavy (440.5-75.5 pack-years), and extremely heavy (455.5-165.5 pack-years).On the same day, a survey, physical examination, and laboratory study of blood samples were used to evaluate the study population. The person was assessed while wearing light clothes and no shoes, and anthropometric measures comprised height and body weight. Weight was divided by height squared (kg/m2) to get the BMI. Using established protocols in the clinical laboratory, an automated biochemistry analyzer measured the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipid cholesterol, low- density lipid cholesterol, Apo protein B, and Lipoprotein. Result: When compared to present smokers, the levels of triglycerides and high-density lipid cholesterol among non-smokers and former smokers were statistically significantly different (P=0.001). Other variables, such as Age, body mass index, use of liquor, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, did not significantly differ between non-, past, and present smokers. In comparison to light smokers, moderate, heavy, and very heavy smokers more commonly displayed abnormal levels of TGs, Apo-B, and TC, while very heavy smokers less frequently displayed abnormal levels of low-density lipid cholesterol. It was unexpected to find that among very heavy smokers, aberrant Apo-B levels were seen more frequently than low-density lipid cholesterol levels. The prevalence of abnormal HDL-C and lipoprotein (a) was higher among light smokers. After accounting for alcohol, BMI, and age, smoking remained a significant independent threat fact for dyslipidemia (P = 0.032). Conclusion:The study revealed that smoking caused TGs and apoB levels to rise in elderly males, and HDL-C levels to decrease, making it an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia. Keywords: smoking, dyslipidemia, elderly, males
The Frequency of Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Ishfaq Muhammad , Khan Kalim Ullah , Khan Muhammad Zubair , Ali Asghar , Ahmad Izhar , Ahmad Naveed
Published: September 2022

Background: Stroke is ranked as the 3rd leading cause of mortality worldwide and the leading cause of disability in the United States. A diagnosis of diabetes is considered to be an autonomous risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. Objective: To find out the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischemic stroke patients. Method: The current study was descriptive and cross sectional carried out at the Department of General Medicine, MTI-HMC, Peshawar for duration of six months from June, 2019 to December, 2019. In all patients the level of HbA1c levels of was determined in pathology department and their previous records were checked for any history of diabetes or anti diabetic medications. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 19. Results: In group 1st (40-60) there were 100 (44.05%) acute ischemic stroke patients while in group 2nd (61-80) 127 (55.94%) patients of acute ischemic stroke were recorded. The numbers of male patients were 147 (64.75%) while there were 80 (35.24%) female patients. Mean HbA1c level was observed as 6.2 ±1.44. Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus was observed in 74 (32.59%) patients. Conclusion: Our study shows that 32.59% acute ischemic stroke patients had newly diagnosed diabetes. Therefore, our research suggests that diabetes mellitus is a common condition in those who have had an acute ischemic stroke. It is suggested that all patients with acute ischemic stroke be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in order to lower long-term morbidity and death. Keywords: Acute Ischemic Stroke, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Cross K-Wire Fixation for the Management of Supracondylar Displaced Fractures of Elbow in Children
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , . Ahmadzeb , Khan Shehriyar , Khan Farmanullah , Khan Abbas , Wazir Khalid
Published: September 2022

Background: It is estimated that about 16–17 percent of all fractures in pediatric patients are supra-condylar fractures of the elbow. Different techniques are used for the management of supracondylar displaced fractures of elbow in children. Objective: To find out the outcomes of percutaneous cross- K-wire fixation for the management of supracondylar displaced fractures of elbow in children Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Orthopedic Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar for duration of one year from June 2021 to July 2022. A total of 80 patients were included in the current study. All the patients were followed for up to six months. At last follow-up, all patients were evaluated using Flynn's criteria. All the data analysis was done by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: On the basis of Flynn’s criteria, excellent results were observed in 54 (67.5%) patients, good results in 20 (25%) patients, fair results in 4 (5%) patients while poor results were observed in 2 (2.5%). Based on the post-operative associated problems, pin-tract infections were observed in 7 (8.75%) patients, cubitus varus deformity was observed in 2 (2.5%) and temporary ulnar nerve deficit was observed in 5 (6.25%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that in children, type-II & III supra-condylar displaced fracture of elbow can be managed easily and effectively with a low rate of complications. Keywords: Percutaneous cross- K-wire fixation; Supracondylar displaced fractures; Elbow
Placenta Previa and the Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Nazneen Saira , Bukhari Naila
Published: September 2022

Background: Placenta previa is a key risk factor for obstetric bleeding, which is a primary factor of feto-maternal mortality and morbidity. The main goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of placenta previa, along with secondary goals of evaluating the risk factors associated with this condition. The outcome of this study will assist in determining future efforts and assessment needs. Methods: From April 2021 to February 2022, an observational cross-sectional study was conducted at khyber teaching hospital peshawar MTI. During the study period, all pregnant women between 18 to 40 years of age who visited the hospital's outpatient’s department were included. Results: The incidence of placenta praevia was found to be 2.2%. The most affected age group was >35 years. Previous caesarean section, increasing maternal age and multiparity (>4) were the significant risk factors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Multiparity, previous caesarean section and increasing maternal age were statistically associated with placenta previa. Keywords: Placenta Previa, Caesarean Section, Risk factors, Multiparity
Diagnosis of Malaria Gametocytes Using MP ICT Vs PCR in Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of Asymptomatic Relatives
Authors: Hakim Hina , Faraid Asma , , Shah Syed Motahir Ali , . Fatima , Mariyum Sara , Asim Shumaila
Published: September 2022

In high-risk situations, asymptomatic malarial gametocyte carriers promote malaria transmission. It may spread illness if it is constantly available as a vast undetected reservoir of Malaria. Subjects with malarial gametocytes in their circulation but no symptoms may be a hidden reservoir of the illness. Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate of subjects without symptoms who have gametocytes in their blood and live in the same housing as a malaria patient. Methodology: This study was carried out at Mercy Teaching Hospital Peshawar and Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The study duration was 10 months from October 2 to December 28, 2020. Once malaria cases were identified, patients were asked about nearby family members who did not have symptoms or tested negative for malarial infection using ICT. All the data was collected and then analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 100 participants were included in the current study. Our results revealed that all participants showed a negative result for MP ICT. In contrast, Malarial gametocyte in blood PCR was detected among 18(18%) and not detected in 82(82%) of the study participants) Conclusion: According to the study results, many asymptomatic close relatives of patients living in the same house have malarial gametocytes. The most often afflicted direct family members were the mother and father, followed by sisters. PCR is the only tool for identifying malarial gametocytes, while ICT is ineffective at detecting carriers. Keywords: Diagnosis, Malaria Gametocytes,Mp,Pcr,A Cross-Sectional Study
Contrast of Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Endotracheal Tube for Early Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Qayoom Aqil , Soomro Ahmed Uddin , Kumar Kelash , Ali Imran , Siddiqui Maqsood Ahmed , Hafeez Imran
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess the difference between laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for early postoperative recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy Study design: A randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: This study was conducted in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College Karachi from June 2020 to June 2021 Methodology: Overall, 60 individuals were assigned to airway management utilizing either the laryngeal mask airway(LMA) group or endotracheal tube (ETT) group. All the patients went under sevoflurane-based general anesthesia and all of them had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three things were recorded before and after carbo peritoneum that was blood pressure, heart rate and peak airway pressure. The first hour after surgery and the first postoperative day were used to assess postoperative pain and analgesic needs, as well as hoarseness, nausea, sore throat, and dysphonia. Results: Two attempts were made to have a successful Laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube placement. During carbo peritoneum, both of the groups, LMA and ETT had similar highest average peak airway pressure (LMA: 17.8 [2.9], ETT: 18.2 [4.1], with a p-value of 0.159). The incidence of bradycardia and elevated systolic blood pressure was higher in the LMA group. The LMA group had lower pain scores one hour postoperatively and on a postoperative day 1 than the ETT group (LMA: 3.9 [2.0], ETT: 5.4 [2.3], with a p-value of 0.017 and LMA: 5.6 [1.9], ETT: 6.7 [1.7], with a p-value of 0.042). Both the groups had the same analgesic requirements. Until postoperative day 1, the LMA group had a lower incidence of nausea than the ETT group (LMA: 4/28 [14%], ETT: 12/28 [43%], with a p-value of 0.032). Conclusion: The Laryngeal Mask Airway Protector proved to be a successful ventilator device which showed lesser intraoperative hemodynamic stress responses. It also enhanced the early recovery standard following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Keywords: Endotracheal tube, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Laryngeal mask airway
Phenylephrine Boluses Vs Noradrenaline Boluses for Hypotension after Spinal Anesthesia in LSCS
Authors: Iqbal Adnan , Javed Hafiz Muhammad , Ahmad Khaleel , Ashfaq Muhammad Adeel , Butt Mahnoor Rafique , Khalid Marrium
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypotension is a frequent complication highly associated with spinal anesthesia during lower segment cesarean section that imposed adverse effects related to maternal as well as fetal. Purpose: The purpose: of this study is to lighten the comparison of vasopressor (Phenylephrine boluses vs. noradrenaline boluses) use to treat hypotension after spinal anesthesia in LSC patients Study design: randomized double-blind study design. Method: This randomized double-blind study was performed at the department of anesthesia, critical care, and pain medicine at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat Pakistan, and was conducted from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021. The patients aged between 20 to 40 years who went through lower segment cesarean section were part of this study. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups namely groups A and B. Group A contain 30 patients in the same way group occupied with 30 patients and by using a random allocation procedure or protocol, the randomized number was assigned to all patients via the computer-generated system. Group A received phenylephrine and Group B received noradrenaline. Results: Statically analysis was performed using SPSS software. In the case of group A, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 115.03 ± 8.69, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 65.72 ± 9.46, and bradycardia was found in 14 (46.6%) patients out of 30 of group A with a mean value of beats 43.65 ± 3.23, hypotension was found in 4.31 ± 2.11 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with phenylephrine boluses was used 4.21 ± 1.21. In the case of group B, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 121± 9.86, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 80.42± 8.01, and bradycardia was found in 8 (26.6%) patients out of 30 of group B with a mean value of beats 45.23± 2.13, hypotension was found in 2.21± 1.03 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with noradrenaline boluses was used 3.98± 1.32 and all the variables was found with significant results. Conclusion: We conclude that noradrenaline shows ameliorated response to handle the hypotension situation after spinal anesthesia as compared to phenylephrine. Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, phenylephrine bolus, noradrenaline bolus, lower segment cesarean section (LSCS)