bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hydra small ubiquitin‐like modifier
Authors: Khan Umair , Mehere Prajwalini , Deivasigamani Senthilkumar , Ratnaparkhi Girish S.
Published: June 2013

SUMO is a protein posttranslational modifier. SUMO cycle components are believed to be conserved in all eukaryotes. Proteomic analyses have lead to the identification a wealth of SUMO targets that are involved in almost every cellular function in eukaryotes. In this article, we describe the characterization of SUMO Cycle components in Hydra, a Cnidarian with an ability to regenerate body parts. In cells, the translated SUMO polypeptide cannot conjugate to a substrate protein unless the C‐terminal tail is cleaved, exposing the di‐Glycine motif. This critical task is done by SUMO proteases that in addition to SUMO maturation are also involved in deconjugating SUMO from its substrate. We describe the identification, bioinformatics analysis, cloning, and biochemical characterization of Hydra SUMO cycle components, with a focus on SUMO and SUMO proteases. We demonstrate that the ability of SUMO proteases to process immature SUMO is conserved from Hydra to flies. A transgenic Hydra, expressing a SUMO‐GFP fusion protein under a constitutive actin promoter, is generated in an attempt to monitor the SUMO Cycle in vivo as also to purify and identify SUMO targets in Hydra. genesis 51:619–629. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction of Pyruvic Aldehyde Dimethyl Acetal with Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: June 2013

Cinchona‐derived primary amine catalysts in combination with a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) additive catalysed the aldol reaction of pyruvic aldehyde dimethyl acetal with isatins in highly enantioselective manner. Both enantiomers of 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles were obtained using pseudo‐enantiomeric organocatalysts. Mild reaction conditions, excellent stereocontrol, the accessibility of both enantiomers of the 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole products, and the additional functionality (masked aldehyde) that may be used for the further elaboration of the products, are important features of the catalytic protocol.
Diarylated Ethanones from Mo(CO)6‐Mediated and Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalysed Carbonylative Negishi Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Motwani Hitesh V. , Larhed Mats
Published: June 2013

Two protocols for palladium‐catalysed carbonylative Negishi cross‐couplings were developed for aryl iodides and aryl bromides. The two main breakthroughs were that molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] could be used as a solid in situ source of CO, and that controlled microwave irraditaion could be used for heating. Consequently, the reactions were safe (in contrast to when CO gas was used) and fast (in comparison to when conventional heating was used). The carbonylative cross‐coupling reactions were carried out using commercially available benzylzinc bromide in closed vials (90–120 °C for 0.5–1 h) to give a set of diarylated ethanones, a common pharmacophore found in several pharmaceuticals, in moderate to high isolated yields (47–84 %). The mild three‐component carbonylation protocol presented here is operationally simple, safe, and rapid, and the formation of the carbonylative Negishi cross‐coupling product is favoured over the product of Negishi cross‐coupling.
The Bow and Arrow in Northern North America
Authors: Maschner Herbert , Mason Owen K.
Published: June 2013

There were at least four waves of bow and arrow use in northern North America. These occurred at 12000, 4500, 2400, and after about 1300 years ago. But to understand the role of the bow and arrow in the north, one must begin in the eighteenth century, when the Russians first arrived in the Aleutian Islands. At that time, the Aleut were using both the atlatl and dart and the bow and arrow (Fig. ). This is significant for two particular and important reasons. First, there are few historic cases in which both technologies were used concurrently; second, the bow and arrow in the Aleutian Islands were used almost exclusively in warfare. The atlatl was a critical technology because the bow and arrow are useless for hunting sea mammals. One cannot launch an arrow from a kayak because it is too unstable and requires that both hands remain on a paddle. To use an atlatl, it is necessary only to stabilize the kayak with a paddle on one side and launch the atlatl dart with the opposite hand. The Aleut on the Alaska Peninsula did indeed use the bow and arrow to hunt caribou there. However, in the 1,400 km of the Aleutian Islands, there are no terrestrial mammals except humans and the bow was reserved almost exclusively for conflicts among them. The most significant event in the history of the bow and arrow is not its early introduction, but rather the Asian War Complex 1300 years ago, when the recurve and backed bows first entered the region, altering regional and hemispheric political dynamics forever.

Aleut male as shown in Liapunova Figure 2, remastered and edited by Maschner. A) Atlatl and darts, B) the recurved bow, C) armor, and D) shield. Drawing by M. C. Levashov, 1764–1769, original in the Central State Archives of the Navy, Russia.

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Theory Testing in Prehistoric North America: Fruits of One of the World's Great Archeological Natural Laboratories
Authors: Bingham Paul M. , Souza Joanne
Published: June 2013

This paper has several interconnected goals. First and most generally, we will review the project represented by the papers in this dedicated issue and the SAA Symposium (2012) on Social Complexity and the Bow. This project centers on the ever‐stronger and broader theory testing now becoming feasible in archeology and anthropology, in this case exploiting the unique natural laboratory represented by what we refer to as the North American Neolithic transitions. Second, we will strive to synopsize the papers in this issue as opportunities to falsify two general theories of the cause of increases in social complexity associated with the North American Neolithic: warfare and social coercion theories.1 We argue that, though much work remains to be done, the current evidence supports one of the central predictions of both these theories, that the local arrival of elite bow technology was a central driver of local transitions to increased social complexity. This conclusion, if ultimately verified, has profound implications for the possibility of general theories of history. Third, we will argue that several important details of this evidence falsify warfare theory and support (fail to falsify) social coercion theory (the authors' favored perspective). Moreover, several potential falsifications of social coercion theory are amenable to alternative interpretations, leading to new falsifiable predictions. Finally, we discuss how interactions with our colleagues in this project produced new insights into several details of the predictions of social coercion theory, improving our interpretative capacity.
Novel and simple prognostic index for nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Hanakawa Hiroyuki , Orita Yorihisa , Sato Yasuharu , Takao Soshi , Marunaka Hidenori , Morishita Tokiwa , Yamashita Yasuhiko , Hori Yasutaka , Domae Shuhei , Inokuchi Ikuo , Akagi Seiko , Kondo Eisei , Iwaki Noriko , Motomiya Kana , Okumura Hirokazu , Yoshino Tadashi , Nishizaki Kazunori
Published: June 2013

Background

Few studies have investigated the prognostic factors for nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma.

Methods

This was a retrospective multicenter clinical study. The clinical records of 36 patients with nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma who had been first treated between 1996 and 2011 were collected from 12 hospitals.

Results

High serum levels of C‐reactive protein (≥1.0 mg/dL), lactate dehydrogenase (≥350 IU/L), and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R; ≥600 U/mL) were associated with worse prognosis. A prognostic score was devised by totaling the number of these 3 predictors: 0 or 1 = score 0; and 2 or 3 = score 1. As for tumor invasion, local invasion beyond the nasal cavity was associated with poor prognosis, and a prognostic score was devised as: tumor restricted to nasal cavity, yes = score 0; no = score 1. A novel prognostic index (NPI) was established based on these scores from 0 to 2. Disease‐specific survival rates at 5 years were: 90.0% for NPI = 0; 29.3% for NPI = 1; and 0.0% for NPI = 2.

Conclusion

Our NPI is valid for anticipating prognosis of nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 551–556, 2014
Predictors of cervical lymph node metastasis in salivary gland cancer
Authors: Ettl Tobias , Gosau Martin , Brockhoff Gero , Schwarz–Furlan Stephan , Agaimy Abbas , Reichert Torsten E. , Rohrmeier Christian , Zenk Johannes , Iro Heinrich
Published: June 2013

Background

This study compares clinicopathological parameters with novel molecular markers for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in salivary gland cancer.

Methods

Three hundred sixteen salivary gland carcinomas were included in this study. Genomic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chi‐square tests, multivariate regression, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used for statistics.

Results

Nodal staging determines long‐term survival. Clinicopathological parameters associated with positive neck nodes are advanced age (p = .006), T3/T4 classification, histological high‐grade malignancy, and diagnosis of salivary duct carcinoma (p < .001 each). Neck node metastases also correlate with copy number gain of EGFR (p = .004) and HER2, aberration of MET, and deletion of PTEN (p < .001 each). Multivariate analysis showed SDC (p = .002) to be the strongest predictor of lymph node metastasis, followed by MET aberration (p = .009), T3/T4 classification (p = .017), PTEN deletion (p = .042), and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS; p = .047).

Conclusion

The histological subtype is crucial for decisions regarding neck dissection. New molecular parameters may also indicate elective treatment of the neck. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 517–523, 2014
Clinical and pathological characteristics of incidental and nonincidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in 339 patients
Authors: Vasileiadis Ioannis , Karatzas Theodore , Vasileiadis Dimitrios , Kapetanakis Stylianos , Charitoudis Georgios , Karakostas Efthimios , Kouraklis Gregory
Published: June 2013

Background

We analyzed the incidence and the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in a high prevalence region of goiter with the purpose to investigate differences between incidental and nonincidental PTMC.

Methods

A total of 2236 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2001 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 583 patients. Of these, 339 patients with PTMC were included in the study. Clinicopathological features were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

The prevalence of incidental PTMC was 12% of all patients who underwent surgery for thyroid disease. Univariate analysis showed that bilaterality (p = .001), autoimmune thyroid disease (p = .049), size of tumor >5 mm (p < .001), multifocality (p < .001), lymph node metastasis (p < .001), and capsule invasion (p < .001) were significantly associated with nonincidental PTMC. The incidence of lymph node metastasis in incidental PTMC was 5% versus 33% in nonincidental, suggesting that the biological behavior may be different in the 2 categories.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that a high rate of PTMC presented 1 or more risk factors including multifocality, bilaterality, capsule invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, we suggest total thyroidectomy followed by adequate exploration of the central neck compartment for possible nodal involvement and resection as a safe therapeutic approach. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 564–570, 2014
Reconsidering the Shareholder's Role in Corporate Reorganisations under Insolvency Law
Authors: Madaus Stephan
Published: June 2013

A corporate reorganisation under insolvency law is commonly achieved by virtue of a reorganisation plan that provides for the distribution and sacrifice of value among all stakeholders in an insolvent company. Although the creditors' right to vote on such plans and to participate in the wealth distribution according to such plans is universally accepted, the role of old equity in a corporate reorganisation remains a topic that jurisdictions all over the world define very differently. This article first explores possible approaches to shareholders' treatment under insolvency law and supports their inclusion in insolvency proceedings that pursue corporate reorganisations. It then argues that equity interest should not solely be treated according to its economic value and consequently that no absolute priority rule should be applied against them as such treatment would ignore the fundamental difference between liquidation and reorganisation. Finally, it proposes a new cram‐down rule for a class of equity holders. Copyright © 2013 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) in Diverse Ethnic Groups
Authors: Roggman Lori A. , Cook Gina A. , Innocenti Mark S. , Jump Norman Vonda , Christiansen Katie
Published: June 2013

Parenting interactions are important for children's early development, but existing observational measures of parenting are often difficult for practitioners to use in their work with parents and have been developed based on primarily European American middle‐income parents. Practitioners working with parents of infants and young children need a psychometrically strong observational measure of parenting behaviors appropriate for diverse groups. We tested the reliability and validity of 89 specific parenting behavior items by having observers rate over 4,500 viderecorded observations of parent–infant interaction from the archive of the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project and other research. These observations at multiple age points were from over 2,000 low‐icome families, including European Americans, African Americans, and Latino Americans. Interrater agreement was tested for each item. Scale internal consistency and single‐factor structure were tested within each of four domains—affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. Validity was tested with concurrent parenting measures and child development outcome measures. The 29 most consistently reliable and valid items comprise the final version of Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), an evidence‐based observational measure of parenting with very young children that is psychometrically sound and useful for practitioners working with diverse groups.
Valuing Our Differences: The Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Relationships
Authors: Katzen Hayley
Published: June 2013

The law does not recognise lesbian and gay relationships. The result: the legal and consequent social and economic benefits enjoyed by heterosexual couples are not enjoyed by lesbians and gay men in relationships. This address considers the tangible consequences of this lack of recognition during relationships when a partner dies, becomes ill or incapacitated or when a relationship ends. Options for reform are examined: domestic partnership legislation, de facto relationship recognition, property regimes, marriage and significant personal relationship. The address discusses the Lesbian and Gay Legal Rights Service's recommendation to lobby for de facto relationship recognition and to encourage all people to lobby for the recognition of significant personal relationships which recognise the significance of relationships, regardless of kinship or sexual connection.
Families in Transition: From the Past into the Future
Authors: Cade Brian
Published: June 2013

… what does education do, what does it have to offer, when deprived of its necessary partner, the future …?

Graham Swift, Waterland (1992: 154)

Myths are things that never occurred but always are.

Sallustius

… we should certainly pay far more attention to the biological theory of domination‐subordinance.

This theory has sprung from the study of non‐human primates like gorillas ans chimpanzees. It has been discovered that their relative domination over or subordinance to one another depends largely on size and (outside the periods when females are on heat) non‐sexual factors akin to human self‐confidence. Thus a large female and a small male in the same cage will be respectively the dominator and the subordinate; the male will ‘present’ (adopt female copulatory positions) as a sign of submission. We must realise that all humans adopt (or veer between) one or other of these roles irrespective of sex.

But of course human beings are not caged and live in far more complex situations; and it is the chainreaction aspect of this realtionship need that is the most dangerous for society.

John Fowles, The Aristos (1968: 177–8).
Three Journeys Toward The Reflecting Team
Authors: Young Jeff , Saunders Frances , Prentice Gill , Macri‐Riseley Donna , Fitch Rhonda , Pati‐Tasca Carmel
Published: June 2013

The experience of familiestrainee and supervisory therapists involved in reflecting team work are explored through the metaphor of ‘journey’ and by asking a small number of our colleagues and clients about their experiences. Ideas gained from this approach are tentatively used to raise some questions about the reflecting team specifically and the current direction of family therapy. More rigorous research into this area is invited.
Adolescent Violence—Strategies, Outcomes and Dilemmas in Working with Young People and their Families
Authors: Sheehan Marni
Published: June 2013

MATTERS is a program of Berry Street, and has been in existence since 1990. The service is funded to address parent/adolescent conflict and the service delivery model has developed over time in a direction which incorporates family therapy and conflict resolution techniques. Many families come to the service seeking assistance for problems regarding violence, and increasingly around a young person's violence to parents and other family members. In some instances, violence has been present over a long period and has become normalised within the family's experience. When working with families who present with problems of adolescent violence, the service aims to find a pathway for the young person/family to confront violent behaviour and move to a different position about the meaning of violence in their lives. This paper describes the team's approach to working with adolescent violence, utilising ideas from narrative family therapy and psychodynamic theory, and incorporating issues of power in society, culture and gender. Outcomes, dilemmas and future directions are also discussed.
Political Correctness and Practice Effectiveness: Working with Perpetrators of Violence in Relationships
Authors: Menagé Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2013

Significant experiences in the author's work with perpetrators of violence are described, and interpretations of these offered in regard to practice effectiveness. It is proposed that a therapist cannot realistically provide more than a facilitative context for perpetrators who are already involved in transforming their ways of being for themselves. The description of practice effectiveness proposes less therapist control of the therapeutic agenda than appears to be prescribed in the dominant literature. It is argued that therapists need to take responsibility for careful assessment of the suitability of perpetrators for therapy. Further, the responsibility for creating a context which invites perpetrators to consider change for themselves should be shared between agencies in the community, if effective outcomes which encompass the power differences within relationships are to be consistently achieved.
Stages In Therapy For Men Whose Partners Do Not Enjoy Sex
Authors: Roughan Penny
Published: June 2013

‘We live in a society in which we are continually told of our ‘right’ to sexuality; the new understanding which sees enjoyable sex as a right, not a privilege, of human beings (Health, 1982).

This paper summarises some of the author's experiences in working with male partners of couples who present with sexual concerns. Patterns of progress are traced through four stages, labelled for convenience: engagement, withdrawal, ‘eureka’ and balance. These stages evolve as the man moves from patriarchal assumptions about performance and entitlement towards a more truly mutual sexual interaction with his partner.
Body Talk: Some Thoughts On Anorexia
Authors: Young Sally
Published: June 2013

In this paper, I will attempt to address questions about the dynamics of anorexia within family relationships, the ways in which anorexic thinking encapsulates itself in the mind, and how it can leave both the therapist and the family feeling ‘starved out’. I will also address some organisational issues, in the ways the therapeutic agency can come to mirror the anorexic dilemma. How does the metaphor of ‘growing’ and ‘growing up’ join with the anorexic crisis? I will discuss the cases of both a boy and a girl with anorexia, in order to think about the dynamic differences in the ‘becoming of a man’ and the ‘becoming of a woman’.
Of Apes and Infants: The Cutting Edge of Psychoanalytic Thought?
Authors: Flaskas Carmel , Cade Brian
Published: June 2013

Carmel Flaskas and Brian Cade were asked to read and comment on two recent publications which, in very different ways, seem to be taking the field of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in new directions, Robert Langs’ The Evolution of the Emotion‐Processing Mind and Daniel Stern's The Motherhood Constellation. What follows is a slightly edited version of their individual reactions to the books, to each others’ views, and to a question posed by the editors.
Psychotherapy, Architecture and the Postmodern Attitude. An Essay
Authors: Relph Andrew
Published: June 2013

For all its faddishness, postmodernism as a set of ideas and as an attitude has much to offer contemporary psychotherapy. These ideas and attitudes are briefly outlined and their application to psychotherapy practice elaborated and illustrated with reference to postmodern design.
Shylock is not Heartless: The Function of Separation in Men's Emotional Development
Authors: Sedgman Keith
Published: June 2013

‘Shylock is not Heartless’ uses poetry, film and the popular press to illustrate men's adherence to the traditional male tasks of protector and provider. Some men shift from protector and provider to the negative equivalent, controller and possessor, at the crisis point of separation. For others, separation provides the impetus for a journey inward toward self. The metaphor of the Iceberg and the Ocean has been found useful in helping some men observe the differences between them and their female partners.
‘Yes, but ... ’: When Separation Creates an Identity Vacuum
Authors: Cogan Nancy
Published: June 2013

This paper explores the ethical and therapeutic dilemmas of working with clients who come in session after session with an intense need to rehearse and re‐rehearse their own view, following a separation. This is a particularly difficult client group with which to work. Individuals may be suicidal, want help, and yet are much more aware of their own words than anyone else's. Four such clients are discussed. I will speculate why three out of four are male, look at the ethics of continuing to work with them, suggest possible strategies, and raise implications for therapist training. The ‘Yes, but ...’ is both the clients’ and mine.
Unravelling the Web of Deceit: Enduring Perpetrator Dynamics and Recovery from Child Sexual Assault
Authors: Foote Wendy
Published: June 2013

This is a description of therapeutic work with children who have been sexually abused, and their non‐offending parents. Such children need a therapeutic intervention which promotes their individual recovery, and positions them within a protective family network. The therapist works to make the perpetrator's agency visible by mapping his/her ‘targeting’, ‘grooming’ and ‘maintenance’ behaviour as experienced by the family members, and thus deconstructs the perpetrator's abuse of influence and power in the family. The management of the therapy process includes moving from individual to family work and identifying child protection issues. The experience of guilt and responsibility can be translated into anger and determination to rid the family of the remaining perpetrator‐driven dynamics and repair the affected relationships.
A Solution Focused Approach to Adolescent Groupwork
Authors: Banks Virginia
Published: June 2013

The use of Solution Focused Therapy in a group setting with adolescents requires the therapist to encourage the young persons to recognise when they are not bullying, what prosocial behaviours they use and how others respond to them. Furthermore it gets bullies to work together in a cooperative and purposeful direction, approaches negative behaviours positively, and allows desired outcomes to be supported. The group setting enables the adolescent to gain support from peers as well as provide support to others. The therapist must be flexible, remain focused on the solution and allow the group to determine the course to a certain extent.
Are the Children Playing Quietly? Integrating Child Psychotherapy and Family Therapy
Authors: Scott Elisabeth
Published: June 2013

Over many years, family therapy training programs have not included the engagement of children under seven. John Byng‐Hall wrote in 1986 that family therapists could learn about understanding young children from child psychotherapists. It has long been my practice to include young children when working with families. This article describe ways of working that include young children's play as relevant information. I hope to encourage other child psychotherapists and family therapists to find better ways of integrating skills.
‘Innovation should not be Treason’: Domestic Violence Interventions
Authors: Wileman Robin
Published: June 2013

The deterministic ideology of political correctness which sanctions particular interventions permissible to use in domestic violence situations has not only thwarted creativity in the therapeutic field and ignored the interactional aspects of these complex relationships and the inherent opportunities for positive change, but has placed many women victims in danger unnecessarily. It is time to challenge simplistic models of domestic violence and develop feminist‐sensitive multiple approaches to this serious and complex social problem.
Focusing on Solutions Through Art: A Case Study
Authors: Mooney Kathleen
Published: June 2013

The author integrates solution‐focused therapy with art therapy in a way that is most suitable for young children between the ages of six and thirteen and has proven especially helpful in the school environment. The methods developed are exemplified in a case study of a boy at the ages of nine and eleven. The art functions as a medium for conversation, an avenue for the expression of strong feeling, concretises reframes, makes metaphors visual, enhances exceptions, externalises the problem and makes solutions real.
Therapeutic Maps For Therapeutic Mazes: The ‘Time Sphere’ as an Interventive Mapping of Family Movements in Context
Authors: Evans Jan
Published: June 2013

In this paper I want to describe the use of a technique which I have termed the ‘Time Sphere’. The combination of a life cycle model with the chronological mapping of closeness–distance has allowed for useful consideration of various relational events not previously explored by the family or therapist. By sharing the information visually with the client family we are able to explore context, family of origin influences and life cycle transitions within an extended family model. Ultimately my hope is to develop this model further as a creative means of exploring how family patterns and relationships are repeated, and how context is ultimately the key to understanding. To preserve confidentiality, my ‘case’ is an amalgam of several real client families.
Child‐focused Parenting after Separation: Socio‐legal Developments and Challenges
Authors: Moloney Lawrie
Published: June 2013

In this article I utilise developing ideas in family law as a backdrop against which to discuss changing assumptions about parenting. In particular, I examine the gender‐neutral assumptions within family law in Australia and elsewhere in the light of seemingly contradictory evidence about the value of post‐separation fathering. That men were equally capable of providing effective parenting was by no means clear at the time that the principle of gender‐neutrality became common in family law—the 1960s and 70s. Only recently, has burgeoning research on fathering begun to more clearly affirm its value and to clarify the conditions under which pre and post separation fathering makes a positive difference. Paradoxically, it is at this very time that legally based challenges to the gender‐neutral, shared‐parenting philosophy of the 1995 Australian Family Law Reform Act have begun to emerge. The often‐perplexed interface between law, social science research and therapeutic intervention presents many challenges. I conclude the article by flagging a number of questions relevant to family therapists in this difficult field of work.
Collaborative Influence
Authors: Strong Tom
Published: June 2013

Collaborative therapists acknowledge their role in influencing clients and the outcomes of therapy. But the word ‘influence’, for many new to the collaborative therapies, can be mistakenly connoted as an undue exercise of therapist power. From a dialogic and social constructionist perspective, this article reflects on how therapists can be influential in collaborative ways. Negotiating ‘shared intentionalities’ with clients, while privileging their preferences in meaning‐making and change—as part of respecting their primary authorship over their lives—assists therapists to employ their influence in ways that stay collaborative. Furthermore, by regarding client ‘resistance’ and misunderstanding as instructive, therapists can enhance their efforts to stay collaborative.
Family Therapy into the 21st Century: Can we Work our Way out of the Epistemological Maze?
Authors: Mellor David , Storer Shane , Firth Lucy
Published: June 2013

Family therapy is a generic term used to describe a paradigm within the helping professions that encompasses a range of competing approaches which share a common view about the importance of family to maladaptive behaviours and disorders. The various family therapies have evolved rapidly over the last three decades, at a time when society has been attuned to innovation, and eager to try new products. Thus, they soon found a niche in the partial void created by the demise of some of the previously dominant psychological paradigms. While collectively the family therapies have been demonstrated to be generally efficacious as a treatment approach, the last two decades have witnessed an avalanche of theorising and conceptualising that has created an epistemological maze through which practitioners must find their way. In this paper we ask whether this trend is moving the family therapies too far away from the core issues involved in the helping professions.
When Watching A Sunset Can Help A Relationship Dawn Anew: Nature‐Guided Therapy For Couples And Families
Authors: Burns George
Published: June 2013

Based on the case of a couple in conflict who were available for only two sessions of Therapy, this article explores the application of a brief, integrative ecopsychology, Nature‐Guided Therapy, in relationship work. It discusses what nature‐guided Therapy is, where it fits in the spectrum of Therapypeutic interventions, and how it can be applied. As there is a paucity of literature linking the growing field of ecoTherapy with family and couple Therapy, the relevance of nature‐guided approaches is discussed. Its goal goes beyond problem resolution, aiming at the creation of positive, effective and joyful relationships. Step‐by‐step procedures for applying nature‐guided interventions in family and couple work are presented.
Landed Gender: Rural Couples Caught Between Traditional and Contemporary Roles
Authors: McInnes Rita
Published: June 2013

The words ‘rural Australia’ summon images of big men in Akubras, CWA ladies with loaded plates of scones and cream, sheep‐dotted hillsides and summer's golden wheat. On the surface this is the good life, and even though many people are now aware that rural Australia is suffering, there is little said about what is happening behind closed doors. The couple relationship bears the brunt of the growing pressures on those who live on the land, but it has its own inner conflicts and can hardly sustain these additional pressures. These couples do not tell their story in public, they guard their privacy jealously, and only as a last hope will they come to counselling. The common theme that emerges is that of the meeting of old and new roles—the traditional expectations of relationship (typically held by the man and his family) encountering more contemporary expectations (typically held by the woman or ‘outsider’). Here is their untold story.
Haley and Hildebrand on the Training of Family Therapypists
Authors: Grimwade Jolyon , Pavlin Helen
Published: June 2013

Jo Grimwade and Helen Pavlin were asked to conduct a correspondence about two books which both relate to the teaching of family Therapy. There has been recent debate in Victorian family Therapy circles about the relevance of family of origin exploration to family Therapy trainees. Judy Hildebrand and Jay Haley have views on this topic, as Jo and Helen note. The nature of the books they are reading means that they find themselves caught in a parallel process and at times, are distracted from the writers’ message by the way that message is delivered.
Diagnostic accuracy of two questionnaires for the detection of neuropathic pain in the Spanish population
Authors: Hamdan A. , Luna J.D. , Del Pozo E. , Gálvez R.
Published: June 2013

Background

Several questionnaires have been developed for the detection of neuropathic pain.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questions (DN4) questionnaire for the detection of peripheral neuropathic pain in the Spanish population, and to analyse in detail the diagnostic quality of each item in these questionnaires.

Methods

A total of 192 patients were enrolled. We compared the validity of the DN4 and LANSS questionnaires by studying sensitivity and specificity and using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We also analysed the validity of each item in the questionnaires.

Results

The sensitivity of the DN4 questionnaire with an accepted cut‐off value of ≥4 was 95.04% and that of the LANSS questionnaire with an accepted cut‐off value of ≥12 was 80.17%. The specificity of the DN4 instrument was 97.18% and that of the LANSS instrument was 100%. The estimated area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.989 (0.977–1) for the DN4 instrument and 0.973 (0.956–0.991) for the LANSS questionnaire. The area under the ROC curve was significantly larger for the DN4 than the LANSS questionnaire (p < 0.05). Analyses of specific items showed that tingling and numbness in the DN4 tool, and light touch pain and altered pinprick threshold in the LANSS scale, were the most important features of neuropathic pain.

Conclusions

These results show that although both questionnaires are good screening tools, the DN4 questionnaire is particularly recommended for identifying patients with neuropathic pain in clinical practice and research studies.
The Role of Therapeutic Alliance in Mindfulness Interventions: Therapeutic alliance in Mindfulness Training for Smokers
Authors: Goldberg Simon B. , Davis James M. , Hoyt William T.
Published: June 2013

Objective

Mindfulness‐based interventions have enjoyed a marked increase in support within biomedical and psychological research and practice in the past two decades. Despite the widespread application of these treatments for a range of psychological and medical conditions, there remains a lack of consensus regarding mechanisms through which these interventions effect change. One plausible yet underexplored mechanism is the therapeutic alliance between participants and mindfulness instructors.

Methods

In this report, data are presented on therapeutic alliance from the mindfulness arm (n = 37) of a randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness‐based smoking cessation treatment.

Results

Results suggest that client‐reported therapeutic alliance measured midtreatment did not significantly predict primary smoking outcomes. Alliance did predict improvement in posttreatment scores on several outcome variables linked to mindfulness practice, including emotion regulation (β = −.24, p = .042), mindfulness (β = .33, p = .007), negative affect (β = −.33, p = .040), as well as treatment compliance (β = .39, p = .011).

Conclusion

Implications of these relationships and the possible role of therapeutic alliance in mindfulness treatments are explored.
Factor Structure of the CES‐D and Measurement Invariance Across Gender in Mainland Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Wang Mengcheng , Armour Cherie , Wu Yan , Ren Fen , Zhu Xiongzhao , Yao Shuqiao
Published: June 2013

Objectives

The primary aim was to examine the depressive symptom structure of Mainland China adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES–D).

Design

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were simultaneously conducted to determine the structure of the CES‐D in a large scale, representative adolescent samples recruited from Mainland China. Multigroup CFA (N = 5059, 48% boys, mean = 16.55±1.06) was utilized to test the factorial invariance of the depressive symptom structure, which was generated by EFA and confirmed by CFA across gender.

Results

The CES‐D can be interpreted in terms of 3 symptom dimensions. Additionally, factorial invariance of the new proposed model across gender was supported at all assuming different degrees of invariance.

Conclusion

Mainland Chinese adolescents have specific depressive symptom structure, which is consistent across gender.
Best Self Visualization Method With High‐Risk Youth
Authors: Schussel Lorne , Miller Lisa
Published: June 2013

The healing process of the Best Self Visualization Method (BSM) is described within the framework of meditation, neuroscience, and psychodynamic theory. Cases are drawn from the treatment of high‐risk youth, who have histories of poverty, survival of sexual and physical abuse, and/or current risk for perpetrating abuse. Clinical use of BSM is demonstrated in two case illustrations, one of group psychotherapy and another of individual therapy.
On the role of vegetation density on net snow cover radiation at the forest floor
Authors: Seyednasrollah Bijan , Kumar Mukesh , Link Timothy E.
Published: June 2013

The timing and amount of snowmelt from forested watersheds is influenced by the total radiation reaching the forest floor. In order to understand and predict the impact of natural or anthropogenic changes in vegetation density on snow energetics, it is important to first quantify the relationship between vegetation density and net snow cover radiation. A physically based forest radiation model (FoRM) was developed to quantify net radiation on the forest floor and its dependence on vegetation density in midlatitude coniferous forests. For clear sky conditions, net radiation on the horizontal forest floor frequently exhibits a nonmonotonic decreasing then increasing trend with increasing vegetation density. The relationship turns monotonically increasing when cloudiness is considered. Variations in slope and aspect were also found to influence the behavior of radiation in relation to changing vegetation density. Net radiation increases with increasing slope for southerly aspects and decreases with northerly facing aspects. For clear sky conditions on south facing slopes, the optimal vegetation density at which radiation is minimized increases both with slope and toward more southerly aspects. In contrast, on north facing slopes, the vegetation density where net radiation is minimized decreases with increasing slope angle. When sky cloudiness is considered, for increasing south facing slopes, the relationship becomes relatively complex with the appearance of a local minimum at intermediate vegetation densities. The results have implications for prediction of snowmelt dynamics in complex terrain and development of forest thinning strategies to modulate snowmelt timing in mountainous environments.
New proposal for response‐guided peg‐interferon‐plus‐ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection
Authors: Abe Hiroshi , Aida Yuta , Ishiguro Haruya , Yoshizawa Kai , Seki Nobuyoshi , Miyazaki Tamihiro , Itagaki Munenori , Sutoh Satoshi , Ika Makiko , Kato Keizo , Shimada Noritomo , Tsubota Akihito , Aizawa Yoshio
Published: June 2013

This study aimed to determine the most suitable duration of pegylated‐interferon (Peg‐IFN)‐plus‐ribavirin combination therapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 who had not achieved rapid virological response (serum HCV RNA disappearance after 4 weeks of therapy). HCV genotype 2 patients (n = 182) with a high viral load received >80% of the standard Peg‐IFN‐plus‐ribavirin dose for at least 24 weeks, and their final virological responses were studied. Patients were classified into “rapid virological response” and “non‐rapid virological response” groups. The non‐rapid virological response group was further divided into a “virological response at 8 weeks” (serum HCV RNA disappearance after 8 weeks of therapy) and a “non‐virological response at 8 weeks” group. Factors related to rapid virological response and optimal therapy duration in the non‐rapid virological response group were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subtype HCV genotype 2a (P = 0.0015) and low concentration of pretreatment serum HCV RNA (P = 0.0058) were independent factors in a rapid virological response. In the virological response at 8 weeks group, the sustained virological response rate after 24 weeks of therapy was significantly lower than after 36 weeks (P = 0.044) or after 48 weeks (P = 0.006), and was similar for 36‐ and 48‐weeks. The cost for achieving (CAS) one sustained virological response was lowest with 36‐week therapy. Prolongation of Peg‐IFN‐plus‐ribavirin combination therapy to 36 weeks is suitable for achieving virological response at 8 weeks, given the high, sustained virological response rate and cost benefit. J. Med. Virol. 85:1523–1533, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus NA1 and GA5 genotypes detected in Assam in northeast India, 2009–2012
Authors: Biswas Dipankar , Yadav Kaushal , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: June 2013

A significant number of children die each year from acute respiratory tract infections especially in developing countries. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common virus identified in such cases. Genetic characterization and the circulation pattern of RSV is important for future selection of appropriate vaccine strains. Limited information is available on the circulation of RSV in developing countries including India. The present study aimed to provide baseline information on the genetic variability of RSV in the Dibrugarh district of Assam, northeast India. Clinical specimens collected from children aged ≤6 years for routine influenza surveillance in the Dibrugarh district of Assam during the period 2009–2012, were screened for RSV by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping was based on partial sequencing of the RSV attachment glycoprotein gene. RSV was detected in 7.9% (39/493) of cases. Only RSV group A viruses were detected during the study period with predominance of NA1 genotypes (89%). Two RSV GA5 genotypes were found to be co‐circulating during 2012. The specific amino acid substitutions characteristics of the NA1 genotypes were distinct from RSV strains reported from the rest of India. It is concluded that the circulating genotypes of RSV in Assam, northeast India are NA1 and GA5. To our knowledge this is the first report of circulation of the NA1 genotype in India. J. Med. Virol. 85:1639–1644, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus infection in the Maghreb region
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Pineau Pascal , Benjelloun Soumaya
Published: June 2013

Hepatitis C is a global health problem with a worldwide prevalence of about 3% (around 170 million people). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major concern in the Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia, but no detailed description of its epidemiology in the region is available. In the present review, a systematic search was undertaken covering HCV data available in peer‐reviewed databases as well as institutional reports and regional conference meeting abstracts from the Maghreb countries. Reports written in English and French were included in this analysis. Estimates of national and regional prevalence of HCV infection (based on anti‐HCV antibody) and of the size of patient populations were performed. In addition, the molecular features of the circulating viral strains in the region are discussed. A substantial proportion, 1.2–1.9% of the Maghreb inhabitants, have anti‐HCV antibodies. Genotype 1b predominates among viral strains in all countries except in Libya, where genotype 4 is dominant as in neighboring Egypt. This epidemiological situation is of significant concern, and requires urgent, broad, and active intervention for the prevention and control of HCV. More specifically, the application of state‐of‐the‐art hygiene procedures and rigorous controls in medical disciplines such as hemodialysis, transfusion, endoscopic procedures, and dentistry is necessary to reduce significantly the number of new infections in the region. J. Med. Virol. 85:1542–1549, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Future convective environments using NARCCAP
Authors: Gensini Vittorio A. , Ramseyer Craig , Mote Thomas L.
Published: June 2013

This study examines trends in atmospheric environments conducive to the development of severe convection in the United States, as simulated by a regional model forced with output from a global climate model. Meteorological variables necessary for severe convection from current (1981–1995) and future (2041–2065) epochs were compared. Results indicate a statistically significant increase in the number of significant severe weather environments in the Northeast United States, Great Lakes, and Southeast Canada regions. Regional severe weather environment increases can be attributed to both an increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the number of times deep‐layer wind shear and CAPE juxtaposition. Given the current distribution of severe convective weather, these changes would alter the current physical risk of severe convective storms across a large population.
Inkjet Approaches Contribute to Facile Isotactic Poly(Methyl)/Syndiotactic Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Stereocomplex Surface Preparation
Authors: Ajiro Hiroharu , Hinoue Tomoaki , Akashi Mitsuru
Published: June 2013

Isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) form a stereocomplex using an inkjet system. As compared with conventional methods such as simply mixing solutions or dipping substrates with a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) approach, a much smaller amount of polymer chains (9.0 × 107) can theoretically associate with each other, and the process is quicker. Glass and polystyrene substrates are compared as substrates, suggesting different morphologies due to the solvent interactions during the rapid evaporation. The stereocomplex structure is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction.

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