bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cooperative Dynamic Approach to Pairs Trading
Authors: Ramos-Requena J. P. , López-García M. N. , Sánchez-Granero M. A. , Trinidad-Segovia J. E.
Published: October 2021

Based on recent works on stocks comovement, Pairs Trading’s strategy is enhanced by reducing the stock universe to the stocks with the lower volatility on a given date. From this universe of low volatility stocks, pairs are selected by looking for pairs whose series present a high degree of antipersistence. Finally, a “reversion to the mean” strategy is applied to these pairs. It is shown that, with this approach to Pairs Trading, positive results can be obtained for stock from the Nasdaq stock exchange, mainly during bull markets and low volatility periods.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Multiscale Fractures and Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Unconventional Reservoirs with Coupled Fractal Characteristics
Authors: Li Hong , Yu Haiyang , Cao Nai , Cheng Shiqing , Tian He , Di Shiying
Published: October 2021

A simulated reservoir model, based on the permeability fractal model and three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian filter, was established to account for in-layer and interlayer heterogeneity so that the result conforms to the law of geological statistics. Combined with an embedded discrete fracture method (EDFM), a multiscale fracture system was established, forming the numerical simulation method of multiphase flow in horizontal wells in heterogeneous reservoirs with complex fractures. The heterogeneity and saturation of the reservoir mixed five-point pattern of vertical and horizontal wells and the injection and production of horizontal wells were discussed. The results show that it is difficult to characterize complex reservoirs using a homogeneous permeability model. Thus, it is best to use a heterogeneous model that considers permeability differences in tight reservoirs. Formation fluids coexist in multiple phases, and water saturation has a direct effect on the production. Thus, a multiphase flow model is needed and can play a greater role in injection and production technology. The mixed five-point pattern of vertical and horizontal wells can improve productivity to a certain extent, but the dual effects of heterogeneity and fracturing will cause a decline in production by accelerating the communication of injected fluid. The reservoir is heterogeneous between wells, and there are differing effects on adjacent wells. Therefore, near-well natural microfractures are opened because of fracturing in horizontal wells, and the heterogeneity cannot be ignored, especially when multiple wells are simultaneously injected and produced.
Study on the Influence of Moisture Content and Drying‐Wetting Cycles on the Shear Strength Index of Silt in the West Bank of Qinghai Lake
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yan Jixiang , Tan Jiake , Liao Yi
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the expressway engineering case along the west bank of Qinghai Lake is taken as the research background, and the typical “aquatic grassland” silt on the west bank of Qinghai Lake is taken as the research object. Through the geotechnical test, wet‐dry cycle test, and direct shear test, the influence of moisture content and wet‐dry cycle on the shear strength of silt and its indexes are studied. The results show that the shear strength index c and φ of unmodified silt first increase and then decline with the increase of water content, and the optimal moisture content of the shear strength is about 30%. The values of c, φ, and shear strength of remolded silt decrease with the increase of wetting and drying cycles. When the cycles exceed 5 times, the moisture content does not have much effect on the shearing strength.
Efficacy, Safety, and Tumor Marker Inhibition of Apatinib Combined with Conventional Chemotherapy Regimens for Patients with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Jianzhao , Feng Lixia , Sheng Qinghua , Li Lianna
Published: October 2021

Objective. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with highly invasive nature and poor outcomes. Due to the absence of specific treatment strategies for this tumor subgroup, patients with TNBC are treated with conventional therapeutics, frequently leading to systemic relapse. In this study, we sought to investigate apatinib combined with conventional chemotherapy regimens in treating patients with advanced TNBC concerning the efficacy, safety, expressions of tumor markers, and patient survival. Methods. This is a prospective study including 150 cases of advanced TNBC who were randomly arranged into a conventional group and combined group, with 75 cases per group. The patients in the conventional group were treated with conventional chemotherapy, and those in the combined group were treated with apatinib combined with conventional chemotherapy. The peripheral blood was collected from each patient, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were determined. The expressions of nuclear proliferation antigen marker (Ki67), β-catenin, and E-cadherin were determined in the biopsy collected from each patient. Results. The objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) (41.33% and 81.33%) in the combined group were notably higher than those in the conventional group (29.33% and 68.00%) (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the serum levels of CEA, CA153, and CA125 and the expressions of Ki67 and β-catenin were declined, but the expression of E-cadherin was increased in both groups; the combined group exhibited lower serum levels of CEA, CA153, and CA125, and the expressions of Ki67 and β-catenin were concurrent with a higher expression of E-cadherin than the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). No significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the occurrence of adverse reactions (

P
>
0.05

). Improved progression-free survival (PFS) was observed in the combined group compared to the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. These findings suggest that apatinib combined with conventional chemotherapy regimens confers a prolonged PFS for treating patients with advanced TNBC.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Residents of Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zheng Li , Deng Feng , Wang Honglin , Yang Biao , Qu Meng , Yang Peirong
Published: October 2021

Background. Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem. There are a few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Baoji city of western China, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic features of overweight and obesity and explored influencing factors among Baoji adult residents. Methods. A cross-sectional study, including 36,600 participants aged above 15 years, was carried out in Baoji city in 2018. Each participant’s weight and height were measured, and demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results. Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 30.73% and 3.11%, respectively. Male had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (31.45% vs. 29.98%,

P
<
0.05

) while female had a higher prevalence of obesity (3.50 vs. 2.74,

P
<
0.001

). In the logistic regression analysis, being married or living with a partner (

OR
=
1.266

,

P
<
0.001

), unemployed or retired (

OR
=
1.183

,

P
<
0.001

), former smokers (

OR
=
1.116

,

P
<
0.05

), drinking alcohol (

OR
=
1.410

,

P
<
0.001

), sleeping more than 10 hours (

OR
=
1.274

,

P
<
0.001

), and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, whereas people who lived in rural areas (

R
=
0.904

,

P
<
0.001

) or had a sufficient leisure time physical activity per week (

R
=
0.945

,

P
<
0.05

) were associated with a lower prevalence. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that demographic and behavioral factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity, which can support the implementation of interventions aimed at weight control and consequently prevention of related diseases in this population.
A Geophysical Review of the Seabed Methane Seepage Features and Their Relationship with Gas Hydrate Systems
Authors: Yang Jinxiu , Lu Mingyue , Yao Zhiguang , Wang Min , Lu Shuangfang , Qi Ning , Xia Ying
Published: October 2021

Seabed methane seepage has gained attention from all over the world in recent years as an important source of greenhouse gas emission, and gas hydrates are also regarded as a key factor affecting climate change or even global warming due to their shallow burial and poor stability. However, the relationship between seabed methane seepage and gas hydrate systems is not clear although they often coexist in continental margins. It is of significance to clarify their relationship and better understand the contribution of gas hydrate systems or the deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs for methane flux leaking to the seawater or even the atmosphere by natural seepages at the seabed. In this paper, a geophysical examination of the global seabed methane seepage events has been conducted, and nearby gas hydrate stability zone and relevant fluid migration pathways have been interpreted or modelled using seismic data, multibeam data, or underwater photos. Results show that seabed methane seepage sites are often manifested as methane flares, pockmarks, deep-water corals, authigenic carbonates, and gas hydrate pingoes at the seabed, most of which are closely related to vertical fluid migration structures like faults, gas chimneys, mud volcanoes, and unconformity surfaces or are located in the landward limit of gas hydrate stability zone (LLGHSZ) where hydrate dissociation may have released a great volume of methane. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these features, three major types of seabed methane seepage are classified according to their spatial relationship with the location of LLGHSZ, deeper than the LLGHSZ (A), around the LLGHSZ (B), and shallower than LLGHSZ (C). These three seabed methane seepage types can be further divided into five subtypes considering whether the gas source of seabed methane seepage is from the gas hydrate systems or not. We propose subtype B2 represents the most important seabed methane seepage type due to the high density of seepage sites and large volume of released methane from massive focused vigorous methane seepage sites around the LLGHSZ. Based on the classification result of this research, more measures should be taken for subtype B2 seabed methane seepage to predict or even prevent ocean warming or climate change.
Quem são e onde estão os médicos formados pela residência do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo?
Authors: Zhang Julio Min Fei , Tagusagawa Lucas Kazuto , Zyngier Selene Perrotti , Cassenote Alex Jones Flores , Scheffer Mario César , Matijasevich Alicia
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) exerce importante papel na formação de médicos especialistas. Contudo, o perfil dos residentes do maior complexo médico da América Latina ainda é pouco estudado. Objetivo: Buscou-se descrever as características gerais e a distribuição geográfica dos médicos residentes HCFMUSP, bem como comparar aqueles graduados na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e os que se graduaram em outras instituições de ensino. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo baseado em dados secundários de registros profissionais e de formação dos médicos. Para analisar a localização e a distribuição geográfica dos médicos foram utilizados mapas de pontos e as tabulações apresentadas foram realizadas com o Software IBM 24.0 SPSS ®. Para comparações entre grupos distintos de médicos foi usado o teste de qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas e o teste de t para variáveis contínuas. Um valor de p inferior a 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: O estudo considerou 8468 médicos que cursavam ou haviam concluído a Residência Médica no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1999 e 2019. Desses, 47,5% eram mulheres. A média de idade de ingresso foi de 26,8 anos. 77,1% dos médicos residentes foram graduados em escolas públicas. As especialidades mais escolhidas foram Clínica Médica (11,2%), Cirurgia geral (8,7%) e Pediatria (7,7%). A maioria dos residentes nasceu (58,0%) e reside (71,9%) no estado de São Paulo. Além disso, observa-se que os residentes, estavam, em 2019, concentrados principalmente nas capitais. Quanto à escola de graduação dos Residentes, 66,2% graduaram-se em outras escolas (não FMUSP). Neste grupo, 65%, graduaram-se em escolas médicas públicas e aproximadamente 25% vieram da região Nordeste. Discussão: Nos programas de Residência Médica devem ser consideradas a oferta de vagas, mas também as características, perfis e trajetórias dos médicos, assim como a origem e a escola de graduação, fatores que podem ser determinantes nas escolhas de especialidades e nas decisões futuras sobre inserção e localização do exercício profissional. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que características sociodemográficas e informações sobre trajetórias e escolhas dos médicos Residentes são relevantes para a avaliação da instituição formadora e para subsidiar políticas de planejamento sobre força de trabalho médico.
Modelo SEIR para avaliação do comportamento da pandemia de Covid-19 em Marabá-PA
Authors: Barbosa Walisson Ferreira , Moreira Ester Barros da Costa , Araújo Juliana Mattei de , Pazin-Filho Antônio , Bueno Cláudia Dizioli Franco
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Determinar o comportamento da curva de casos de COVID-19 em Marabá. Metodologia: Aplicou-se o modelo compartimentado SEIR baseando-se nos dados epidemiológicos locais com os valores estimados de tempo de latência e tempo infeccioso obtido em populações chinesas que foram testadas objetivamente para estimar o desenvolvimento da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em Marabá. Resultados: O primeiro pico apresentou um total de 1438 infectados (28/09/2020) após a documentação do primeiro caso (23/03/2020) demonstrando comportamento exponencial. Observou-se ainda para os próximos 30 dias, a partir do dia 14/08/2020, uma tendência de queda do número de casos no município, o número de reprodução basal () assumiu o valor de 3,29 entre o início da pandemia e a data do primeiro pico (28/06/2020), já ao final do período de estudo este número foi de 0,8. Discussão: O modelo teve bom comportamento ao se comparar com os casos documentados, mas observou-se uma discrepância na fase descendente da pandemia, possivelmente decorrente da ausência de dados mais acurados. Este comportamento adequado do modelo com base nestes dados indica que o comportamento de disseminação da COVID-19 pode ser assumido como sendo similar apesar das distâncias geográficas e da miscigenação da população brasileira. Isto abre a possibilidade de se utilizar o modelo SEIR para previsão da pandemia em territórios com carência de testagem viral. Conclusão: A utilização do modelo SEIR baseando-se nos dados epidemiológicos locais com os valores estimados de tempo de latência e tempo infeccioso obtido em populações chinesas testadas objetivamente demonstrou-se como uma ferramenta útil para previsão do comportamento da pandemia de COVID-19.
Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury
Authors: Nordquist Emily M. , Dutta Punashi , Kodigepalli Karthik M. , Mattern Carol , McDermott Michael R. , Trask Aaron J. , LaHaye Stephanie , Lindner Volkhard , Lincoln Joy
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Aortic valve disease is a common worldwide health burden with limited treatment options. Studies have shown that the valve endothelium is critical for structure-function relationships, and disease is associated with its dysfunction, damage, or injury. Therefore, therapeutic targets to maintain a healthy endothelium or repair damaged endothelial cells could hold promise. In this current study, we utilize a surgical mouse model of heart valve endothelial cell injury to study the short-term response at molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to determine if the native heart valve exhibits a reparative response to injury and identify the mechanisms underlying this process.

Approach and Results:

Mild aortic valve endothelial injury and abrogated function was evoked by inserting a guidewire down the carotid artery of young (3 months) and aging (16–18 months) wild-type mice. Short-term cellular responses were examined at 6 hours, 48 hours, and 4 weeks following injury, whereas molecular profiles were determined after 48 hours by RNA-sequencing. Within 48 hours following endothelial injury, young wild-type mice restore endothelial barrier function in association with increased cell proliferation, and upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (
Tgfβ1
) and the glycoprotein, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (
Cthrc1
). Interestingly, this beneficial response to injury was not observed in aging mice with known underlying endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Data from this study suggests that the healthy valve has the capacity to respond to mild endothelial injury, which in short term has beneficial effects on restoring endothelial barrier function through acute activation of the Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 signaling axis and cell proliferation.
The “Sheep” and the “Lion”: Charles V, Barbarossa, and Habsburg Diplomatic Practice in the Muslim Mediterranean (1534-1542)
Authors: Caprioli Francesco
Published: October 2021

Between the 1530s and the 1540s, the Emperor Charles V tried to win over the Ottoman Grand Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa, leading him to defect from the Ottoman cause and turn him into a faithful Habsburg warlord. In exchange for this, the former would have given the latter the opportunity to rule over the Central Maghreb as a new Habsburg ally. Obviously, both sides managed this negotiation in strict secrecy to prevent the plan from being discovered by the Ottoman sultan. Although it might seem surprising, this kind of diplomatic operation was a common tool to address political rivalries in the Early Modern Mediterranean. While efforts to recruit the best warlords were a well-established practice in Renaissance warfare, inter-religious dialogue was certainly nothing new at the beginning of the sixteenth century, given the long-lasting relations established between Christian and Muslim polities in the Middle Ages. Therefore, by analyzing the three main dimensions of diplomacy—communication, negotiation, and information gathering—this article aims to emphasize that the negotiation between Charles V and Barbarossa was not an exception, but a well rooted diplomatic practice in Habsburg Mediterranean policy.
Systematic position of Bombyx incomposita (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), with notes on its immature biology and hostplant association
Authors: LIN RUNG-JUEN , LIN YU-CHI , HSU YU-FENG
Published: October 2021

The immature stages, morphology, and systematic position of Bombyx incomposita (van Eecke, 1929) are reported. The morphology of larva was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the phylogeny was inferred using six genes (COI, CAD, EF-1α, GAPDH, RpS5, and wgl). The molecular phylogeny strongly supported that B. incomposita is sister to B. huttoni Westwood, 1847. The divergence of the COI barcode, phylogenetic reconstruction, and difference in immature stages support the current classification, in which the species incomposita belongs to the genus Bombyx. We give illustrations of male and female genitalia and briefly discuss the utility of the chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae on taxonomy of silkmoths. The SV group bears six setae in B. mandarina, but eight in B. incomposita. The L1 bears three setae in Rotunda, but just single seta in Bombyx.
A new, remarkable species of Platystethynium (Platypatasson) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from New Zealand
Authors: HUBER JOHN T. , READ JENNIFER
Published: October 2021

Platystethynium (Platypatasson) earlyi Huber, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), is described from both sexes reared from an egg of Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) found in an old mining tunnel in New Zealand. The male is micropterous and has lateral ocelli but no median ocellus, a unique feature in Mymaridae found so far only in males of Platystethynium Ogloblin species. The remaining described Eastern Hemisphere species of Platystethynium are discussed and Platystethynium glabrum Jin & Li, syn. n., is placed in synonymy under P. onomarchicidum Ogloblin. A key to females, and males where known, of the described Eastern Hemisphere species of Platystethynium is given.
New earthworm records from the Caspian Hyrcanian Forests of Iran (Oligochaeta: Megadrili)
Authors: LATIF ROBABEH , REJALI FARHAD , AMINJAN ATABAK ROOHI , ESMAEILIZAD ASHRAF
Published: October 2021

Earthworms are the most important soil invertebrates worldwide, in terms of biomass and effects on soil processes. In this study, 21 earthworm species, including four new records were identified from Caspian Hyrcanian Forests (North of Iran). Four species; Criodrilus lacuum, Lumbricus rubellus, Metaphire californica, and Octodrilus transpadanus and the family Criodrilidae are reported for the first time. Previous studies have identified 31 earthworm species belonging to 14 genera and three families (Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, and Megascolecidae) in Iran; therefore, these new records increase the number of earthworm species to a total of 35.
Improvement of Electrochemical Performance of ZnCo2O4@Co9S8 Nanosheets for Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Yucai , Zhao Yan , Zhang Dong , Song Shiwei , Wang Jian , Zhu Xiandong , Li Tianwen
Published: October 2021

ZnCo2O4@Co9S8 nanostructures were grown on the surface of Ni foam by facile hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal treatment process, thus increasing the active site on the surface of the material. After vulcanization treatment, the performance
of the composite material has been significantly improved the product has a higher specific capacitance of 1018.2 F g−1 at 4 A g−1. This work demonstrates that ZnCo2O4@Co9S8 nanostructures are highly desirable for
application as advanced electrochemical electrode materials.
A Smart Drug Delivery System Based on Thermo-Responsive Polymer Gated Au NRs@SiO2 Nano-Platform
Authors: Wang Hongzhu , Chen Mengxun , Song Liping , Huang Youju
Published: October 2021

A key challenge for nanoparticles-based drug delivery system is to achieve manageable drug release in tumour cell. In this study, a versatile system combining photothermal therapy and controllable drug release for tumour cells using temperature-sensitive block copolymer coupled Au NRs@SiO2
is reported. While the Au NRs serve as hyperthermal agent and the mesoporous silica was used to improve the drug loading and decrease biotoxicity. The block copolymer acted as “gatekeeper” to regulate the release of model drug (Doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). Through in vivo
and in vitro experiments, we achieved the truly controllable drug release and photothermal therapy with the collaborative effect of the three constituents of the nanocomposites. The reported nanocomposites pave the way to high-performance controllable drug release and photothermal therapy
system.
Complementary Concentrating Solar LED Lighting Device and Its Application in Architectural Design
Authors: Liang Xianchao , Wang Rui , Li Hong
Published: October 2021

The shortcomings of solar LED lighting concentrators and divide and conquer power module are analyzed, and a new set of solar LED lighting devices is proposed. From the aspect of concentrating solar energy, the device redesigns the structure of the existing symmetrical inner wall lens
composite parabolic concentrator (SLCPC) by comprehensively using the principles of solar photovoltaic power generation and light transmission lighting. With the assistance of an optimized coating strategy, a part of the incident solar energy is introduced into the indoor lighting (TSLCPC)
to realize energy complementary without affecting the optical performance of SLCPC. Meanwhile, it adopts a bidirectional synchronous rectifier DC-DC converter with Buck-Boost as the main topology. The lighting device takes single-chip microcomputer PIC16F887 as the main control chip, which
has high-performance and low power consumption. A bidirectional synchronous rectifier DC-DC converter is adopted to realize MPPT control and LED drive. The hardware design of the device is also given. In the test, although the waveform of the bidirectional DC-DC converter has some burr in
forward and reverse operation, the measurement accuracy remains stable, which verifies the feasibility of the device circuit. TSLCPC has the same optical efficiency as SLCPC, and it uses escape light to improve the utilization of solar energy. The effective light-receiving angle of TSLCPC
and SLCPC ranges from −30° to 30°. When the system is introduced into the buildings in Hefei, it is found that the installation angle exerts a significant impact on lighting performance of TSLCPC, and then affects the lighting performance to a certain extent. However, it is generally
acceptable.
Combined Effect of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Mechanism and Large Eddies on Microphysics of Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds
Authors: Khain Alexander , Pinsky M. , Korolev A.
Published: October 2021

The process of glaciation in mixed-phase stratiform clouds was investigated by a novel Lagrangian–Eulerian model (LEM) in which thousands of adjoining Lagrangian parcels moved within a turbulent-like velocity field with statistical parameters typical of the Arctic boundary layer. We used detailed bin microphysics to describe the condensation/evaporation processes in each parcel, in which droplets, aerosols, and ice particles were described using size distributions of 500 mass bins. The model also calculated aerosol mass inside droplets and ice particles. Gravitational sedimentation of droplets and ice particles was also accounted for. Assuming that droplet freezing is the primary source of ice particles, the Arctic clouds observed in Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) were successfully simulated. The model showed that at a low ice particle concentration typical of ISDAC, large vortices (eddies) led to a quasi-stationary regime, in which mixed-phase St existed for a long time. The large eddies controlled the water partitioning in the mixed-phase clouds. Droplets formed and grew in updrafts, typically reaching the cloud top, and evaporated in downdrafts. Ice particles grew in updrafts and downdrafts. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) mechanism was efficient in downdrafts and some parts of updrafts, depending on ice concentration and vertical velocity. At low ice concentrations, the effect of ice on the phase partitioning was negligible. In this regime, liquid droplets were found near the cloud top, whereas ice particles precipitated through the cloud base. When ice concentration exceeded about 10 L−1, the WBF mechanism led to glaciation of almost the entire cloud, with the exception of narrow cloud regions associated with strong updrafts. At ice particle concentrations of a few tens per liter, the oscillatory regime took place due to the ice–liquid interaction. The microphysical structure of mixed-phase St forms as a combined effect of cloud dynamics (large eddies) and the WBF mechanism.
A CONUS-Wide Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index for Major U.S. Row Crops
Authors: Goble Peter E. , Bolinger Rebecca A. , Schumacher Russ S.
Published: October 2021

Agricultural droughts afflicting the contiguous United States (CONUS) are serious and costly natural hazards. Widespread damage to a single cash crop may be crippling to rural communities that produce it. While drought is insidious in nature, drought indices derived from meteorological data and drought impact reports both provide essential guidance to decision-makers about the location and intensity of developing and ongoing droughts. However, response to dry meteorological conditions is not consistent from one crop type to the next, making crop-specific drought appraisal difficult using weather data alone. Additionally, drought impact reports are often subjective, latent, or both. To rectify this, we developed drought indices using meteorological data, and phenological information for the row crops most commonly grown over CONUS: corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. These are referred to as crop-specific standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration indices (CSPEIs). CSPEIs correlate more closely with end-of-season yields than traditional meteorological indicators for the eastern two thirds of CONUS for corn, and offer an advantage in predicting winter wheat yields for the High Plains. CSPEIs do not always explain a higher fraction of variance than traditional meteorological indicators. In such cases, results provide insight on which meteorological indicators to use to most effectively supplement impacts information.
Spectral Considerations for Standoff Infrared Detection of RDX on Reflective Aluminum
Authors: Major Kevin J. , Sanghera Jasbinder S. , Farrell Mikella E. , Holthoff Ellen , Pellegrino Paul M. , Ewing Kenneth J.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines infrared spectroscopic effects for the standoff detection of an explosive material, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), inkjet printed on an aluminum surface. Results of a spectroscopic study are described, using multiple optical setups. These setups were selected to explore how variations in the angles of incidence and collection from the surface of the material result in corresponding variations in the spectral signatures. The goal of these studies is to provide an understanding of these spectral changes since it affects standoff detection of hazardous materials on a reflective substrate. We demonstrate that variations in spectral effects are dependent on the relative surface concentration of the deposited RDX. We also show that it is reasonable to use spectroscopic data collected in a standard laboratory infrared spectrometer outfitted with a variable angle reflectometer set at 0° as reference spectra for data collected in a standoff configuration. These results are important to provide a systematic approach to understanding infrared (IR) spectra collection using standoff systems in the field, and to allow for comparison between such data, and data collected in the laboratory. Although the precise results are constrained to a specific material system (thin layers on a reflective substrate), the approach and general discussion provided are applicable to a broad range of IR standoff sensing techniques and applications.
Losing a Loved One During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An On-Line Survey Looking at the Effects on Traumatic Stress, Coping and Post-Traumatic Growth
Authors: Carson Jerome , Gunda Austin , Qasim Komal , Allen Rosie , Bradley Melvin , Prescott Julie
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect across the world. In the UK alone, the death toll is 132,742, with 207 people dying the previous day and a total of 6,825,074 cases of Covid-19 thus far (September 1st, 2021). The aim of this study was to look at post-traumatic stress, coping skills and post-traumatic growth in relatives, who lost a loved one during the pandemic. Some 185 individuals took part in a Qualtrics survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Coping Assessment for Bereavement and Loss (CABLE) and the Post-Traumatic Growth Questionnaire. There were two major findings. First, there were very high levels of post-traumatic stress, with 94.6% of the sample scoring above the threshold of 33 for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Second, levels of post-traumatic growth were very low. Losing a relative during the Covid-19 pandemic may lead to more PTSD. The circumstances surrounding many Covid deaths, may have long term negative consequences for the bereaved relatives.
On the Concept of the Reserve Army of Labor in Ruy Mauro Marini
Authors: Felix Gil
Published: October 2021

An analysis of the concept of the reserve army of labor in the work of Ruy Mauro Marini explains the processes that contributed to the Marxist theory of dependency and to the study of the capitalist mode of production.

Uma analise da conceito de exército industrial de reserva na teoria proposta por Ruy Mauro Marini explica quais eram os processos a que ele atribuía especificidade ao mesmo no âmbito da denominada teoria marxista da dependência e do modo de produção capitalista.
Application of the IntraSPINE® interlaminar device in patients with osteoporosis and spinal stenosis: two case reports
Authors: Yeh Kuei-Lin , Wu Szu-Hsien , Wu Shing-Sheng
Published: October 2021

Osteoporosis is a rising concern in the aging population and should be considered before performing spinal surgery for older patients. Nonfusion surgery using interlaminar or interspinous devices is gradually gaining acceptance because adjacent segment disease seldom occurs postoperatively; however, other complications may occur. This report discusses the surgical outcomes of two women with osteoporosis treated by laminectomy and interlaminar device (IntraSPINE®) placement. Both patients had experienced low back pain for several years and had developed vertebral compression fractures. Several conservative treatments, including rehabilitation and local injections, were ineffective. Their bone mineral density levels were −3.0 and −2.8, indicating severe osteoporosis according to the definition established by the World Health Organization. They chose to undergo nonfusion surgery with IntraSPINE® interlaminar device placement. Their pain significantly decreased postoperatively, and their visual analog scale scores decreased from 8 to 2 and 3. Their extremity numbness and back pain resolved within 3 months. Both patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes. No complications had occurred by 1 year postoperatively. These cases indicate that osteoporosis may not be an absolute contraindication for nonfusion spinal surgery. This report suggests a possible alternative surgical treatment for patients with osteoporosis that is refractory to conservative treatments.
Developing Signal Warrants for Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersections
Authors: Appiah Justice
Published: October 2021

The restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersection is a form of innovative intersection design that reroutes left-turn and through traffic from the minor road to U-turn crossovers on the major road. When implemented correctly, an RCUT intersection can provide significant safety and operational benefits over the conventional intersection configuration. The RCUT may be controlled by traffic signals, STOP control, merges and diverges, or a combination of these. There is currently no concrete guidance in relation to when the use of traffic signal control is warranted at an RCUT intersection. This study investigated traffic volume conditions that may warrant consideration of traffic signal control at an RCUT intersection. Simulation experiments including two geometric configurations and three traffic control schemes were designed and run in VISSIM to evaluate the effects of traffic conditions on intersection delay and queue lengths. Traffic was varied by changing the composition, approach volumes, and origin–destination flow patterns to reflect different conditions that may occur at the intersection on any given day. For the range of conditions studied, the results of the simulation analysis suggested that the RCUT intersection may operate better with traffic signals (at all junctions) when the minor roadway traffic volume is more than 450 vehicles per hour (vph) and the major roadway has two through lanes. The corresponding minor roadway volume threshold increases to 575 vph when the major roadway has four through lanes.
Donor variability alters differentiation and mechanical cohesion of tissue-engineered constructs with human endothelial/MSC co-culture
Authors: Baudequin Timothée , Naudot Marie , Dupont Sébastien , Testelin Sylvie , Devauchelle Bernard , Bedoui Fahmi , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Legallais Cécile
Published: October 2021

To move towards clinical applications, tissue engineering (TE) should be validated with human primary cells and offer easy connection to the native vascularisation. Based on a sheet-like bone substitute developed previously, we investigated a mesenchymal stem cells/endothelial cells (MSCs/ECs) coculture to enhance pre-vascularisation. Using MSCs from six independent donors whose differentiation potential was assessed towards two lineages, we focused on donor variability and cell crosstalk regarding bone differentiation. Coculture was performed on calcium phosphate granules in a specific chamber during 1 month. MSCs were seeded first then ECs were added after 2 weeks, with respective monocultures as control groups. Cell viability and organisation (fluorescence, electronic microscopy), differentiation (ALP staining/activity, RT-qPCR) and mechanical cohesion were analysed. Adaptation of the protocol to coculture was validated (high cell viability and proliferation). Activity and differentiation showed strong trends towards synergistic effects between cell types. MSCs reached early mineralisation stage of maturation. The delayed addition of ECs allowed for their attachment on developed MSCs’ matrix. The main impact of donor variability could be here the lack of cell proliferation potential with some donors, leading to low differentiation and mechanical cohesion and therefore absence of sheet-like shape successfully obtained with others. We suggest therefore adapting protocols to cell proliferation potentials from one batch of cells to the other in a patient-specific approach.
GABA Neurotransmission of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Is Modified During Rat Postnatal Development
Authors: Osuna-Lopez Fernando , Reyes-Mendez Miriam E. , Herrera-Zamora J. Manuel , Gongora-Alfaro Jose Luis , Moreno-Galindo Eloy G. , Alamilla Javier
Published: October 2021

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the brain structure that controls circadian rhythms in mammals. The SCN is formed by two neuroanatomical regions: the ventral and dorsal. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is important for the regulation of circadian rhythms. Excitatory GABA effects have been described in both SCN regions displaying a circadian variation. Moreover, the GABAergic system transfers photic information from the ventral to the dorsal SCN. However, there is almost no knowledge about GABA neurotransmission during the prenatal or postnatal development of the SCN. Here, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to study spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the two SCN regions, at two zeitgeber times (day or night), and at four postnatal (P) ages: P3-5, P7-9, P12-15, and P20-25. The results herein show that the three analyzed parameters of the IPSCs, frequency, amplitude, and decay time, were significantly affected by the postnatal age: mostly, the IPSC frequency increased with age, principally in the ventral SCN in both day and night recordings; similarly, the amplitude of IPSCs augmented with age, especially at night, whereas the IPSC decay time was reduced (it was faster) with postnatal age, mainly during the day. Our findings first reveal that parameters of GABA neurotransmission are modified by postnatal development, implying that synaptic adjustments are required for an appropriate maturation of the GABAergic system in the SCN.
How Venture Team Recommendations Influence Undue Entrepreneurial Persistence: The Impact of Self-Regulation and Experience
Authors: Kier Alexander S. , McMullen Jeffery S. , Kuratko Donald F.
Published: October 2021

Persisting with a losing project (i.e., a new product development project facing superior competition) is a social endeavor that can increase the costs of failure to the entrepreneur and other stakeholders. Yet, it tends to be explained almost exclusively in terms of intrapersonal predictors, such as the sunk cost fallacy. This paper examines whether, how, and under which conditions interpersonal influence, such as the intensity of a team’s recommendation to persist with a losing project, encourages entrepreneurs to persist. Drawing from the psychologies of escalation and self-regulation, we build a model of entrepreneurs’ undue persistence that we test through experimental design and conjoint analysis. We find that an entrepreneur’s decision to persist with a losing project is determined partly by the team’s recommendation to persist and that the strength of this effect varies across entrepreneurs based on their self-regulation and experience.
Educational Programming for Students With Disabilities in Urban Schools
Authors: Morgan Joseph John
Published: October 2021

Urban education is often defined as education provided to diverse students in communities with large populations, both in raw number of residents and in population density. Educational professionals often associate deficit-oriented perspectives with urban education. These perspectives are often developed due to systemic inequities that exist within urban environments and a narrative around the underachievement and lack of resources found within schools. However, schools in urban environments often have access to a wide variety of supports and opportunities that can expand and enhance the education provided to diverse students. A reframing of this deficit perspective can support special education teachers in identifying assets that exist within their community that can be integrated in culturally sustaining ways. This special issue features articles that focus on reconceptualizing urban education for students with disabilities in an assets-oriented way through teacher education, design of culturally sustaining intervention and instruction, and engagement of community stakeholders.
The Effect of Treatment on Quality of Life, Symptoms, and Social Life in Gynecologic Cancer Patients
Authors: Tekbaş Serap , Şahin Nevin Hotun , Sayın Niyazi Cenk
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of treatment on quality of life, symptoms, and social life in patients with gynecologic cancer. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews to evaluate the individual and disease characteristics of the patients. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale was used to determine the severity of the side effects. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General 4 was used to evaluate the quality of life. The total post-treatment quality of life scores of the patients were lower than their total pre-treatment scores. Patients who received chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy had a lower quality of life than those who received radiotherapy, and they were less involved in social activities. Half of the individuals participated in social activities in the pre-treatment period, but this rate decreased to 16.4% after the treatment started. In this study, the quality-of-life scores of the patients who received gynecologic cancer treatment decreased after treatment and the patients experienced many symptoms at an increasingly severe level.
Quality of Life and Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Olsson Bernardo , Bergamaschi Isabela Polesi , Küchler Erika Calvano , Sebastiani Aline Monise , dos Santos Trento Guilherme , da Costa Delson Joao , Rebellato Nelson Luis Barbosa , Scariot Rafaela
Published: October 2021

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL), oral health-related QOL (OHRQOL), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and psychological factors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP.

Design

Case–control.

Setting

Primary care, institutional practice.

Patients

One hundred thirty-six patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with CLP (n = 68) and without CLP (n = 68).

Main outcome measures

QOL and OHRQOL were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, respectively. TMDs and psychological factors were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD).

Results

No differences in QOL were found between the groups ( P >  0.05). Patients with CLP reported a better OHRQOL ( P = 0.025) in the physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability domains ( P <  0.05). Patients with CLP presented with less myofascial pain (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71] and other articular conditions (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.90]. More patients with CLP reported no chronic pain ( P = 0.012). The QOL of patients with CLP with no depression or with no nonspecific physical symptoms including pain (NSPSIP) was better than that of patients without CLP. The OHRQOL of patients with CLP without TMDs or no psychological factors was better than that of patients without CLP.

Conclusions

Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who require orthognathic surgery with CLP have better OHRQOL and present with fewer TMDs than those patients without CLP.
Voices of Hope: Substance Use Peer Support in a System of Care
Authors: Scannell Christian
Published: October 2021

Peer support in substance use recovery assists individuals who seek long-term recovery by establishing supportive and reciprocal relationships that support the initiation and maintenance of recovery. Prior research has found that peer support workers provide essential services to individuals in recovery, while the experience of the peer and their integration into a system of care has yet to be fully explored. This qualitative study explored the peer worker’s experience as a provider of recovery support services in a system of care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 peer support workers. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and patterns inductively from the data. Peer support worker experiences included challenges establishing credibility, frustrations in managing systemic barriers, a lack of understanding as to what the role of peer worker entails by stakeholders, and skepticism from other providers about the value of the position. Positive experiences included a decrease in the perception of stigma about substance use and feeling valued. Supervision played a key role in the success of the peer worker role, with concerns related to supervisors who are not in recovery. This study highlighted improvements in the integration of peer support workers in systems of care and regard for the role by professionals. A widespread understanding of the role and scope of practice is lacking and a need for better support for the role through avenues such as training, and supervision exists.
Manufacturing Obedience: Coercion and Authority in Border Controls
Authors: Aliverti Ana
Published: October 2021

This article reassesses the relationship between state authority and violence in the context of border controls. Drawing on empirical research conducted with immigration and police officers in the UK, I show that the use of force in this context give rise to distinctively complex ethical questions which shape institutional and individual practices, and is entangled with the legally and politically fragile authority wielded by frontline staff. Faced with a morally, socially and politically controversial mandate, these officers devise a range of strategies to either minimize or conceal the use of violence. In doing so, they sometimes fall into oxymorons and euphemisms that at once evidence the shady line between coercion and consent, and shed light on the some of the profound moral dilemmas they encounter in doing border work. These dilemmas, I conclude, speak of broader challenges to the exercise of state coercive power, and the negotiated, contingent and provisional nature of state authority in a globalized, postcolonial and profoundly unequal world. I also argue for the social and intellectual urge to integrate the study of immigration enforcement in contemporary debates of state penality.