bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting of General Production Expenses in Organizations Performing R&D on Long-Term Contracts
Authors: Suleymanov N. S.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of the research, the aim of which was to study the features and problems of regulations and accounting of general production expenses in organizations performing R&D work (hereinafter-referred to as scientific organizations) under long-term contracts. Due to analysis of regulatory legal acts and the specifics of the activities of scientific organizations, the necessity of keeping records of general production expenses is justified, recommendations are made for the arrangements of such accounting, proposals for updating the accounting policy of an economic entity are formulated. The author’s recommendations on the development of a methodology for allocating overhead costs for general production and general business expenses are provided, also recommendations are made for accounting of operating costs made by related departments that are not directly involved in the performance of R&D work, but ensure execution of such work.

It has been proven that in the context of the application of new Federal standards, the arrangements for accounting of general production costs in scientific organizations is a necessary condition for compliance with the basic principles and requirements of accounting.

To solve the theoretical and practical problems that arise in this case, scientific organizations are proposed to approve the procedure for accounting of general production expenses by departments and cost items, the procedure for allocation of overhead costs attributable to the maintenance of these departments (taking into account the specifics of the organizations’ activities) and the list of cost items itself.

While conducting the research, such general scientific methods as analysis, systematization, comparison, synthesis of reference sources, scientific literature on the topic of research, methods of scientific abstraction, deduction, logical and historical unity were used.
Korelasi antara Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar BolaVoli Siswa SMA N 2 Bangkinang Kota
Authors: Yulianti Mimi , Fadillah Muhammad Fiqry
Published: February 2024

The main aim of this research is to investigate the association between students' motivation for learning and their achievements in volleyball learning at SMAN 2 Bangkinang city. The study was carried out at SMA N 2 Bangkinang Kota, employing a descriptive quantitative research approach. The research participants included 137 students from the eleventh-grade Science class. Data collection methods included distributing questionnaires, conducting observations, reviewing literature, and analyzing documents. Quantitative correlation and descriptive analysis were used for data analysis. The research results reveal a substantial and high correlation (61.0%) between learning motivation and learning outcomes. Consequently, an increase in learning motivation is anticipated to lead to an enhancement in learning achievements. The Pearson Correlation value for learning motivation and learning outcomes, when multiplied by 100, results in a value of 61.0%. Subtracting this from 100 yields a value of 39%, indicating that external factors beyond the model's framework influence 39% of the variance in learning outcomes. The hypothesis testing conducted through the SPSS program demonstrated that the calculated F-value (68.556) surpassed the critical F-value (3.75), resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis (Ho) and the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This suggests a positive and significant correlation between motivation and student learning outcomes in the context of Class XI Science at SMAN 2 Bangkinang City.
Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Kelompok Usia 7 sampai 9 Tahun siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Oktarifaldi Oktarifaldi , Marta Ibnu Andli , Nugroho Agung Wahyu , Hardi Veny Juniarni , Utomo Suryo
Published: February 2024

Keterampilan gerak dasar merupakan predictor keberhasilan dalam beraktivitas fisik. Keterampilan gerak dasar merupakan prediktor keberhasilan dalam beraktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perbedaan keterampilan gerak dasar siswa berdasarkan kelompok usia. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Keterampilan gerak dasar dievaluasi menggunakan instrument TGMD-2. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas 1, 2 dan 3 di Sumatera Barat yang ditentukan secara purposive dengan rincian (N=240; laki-laki =120 dan perempuan =120). Data dianalisis menggunakan program IBM SPSS statistic versi 25. Diperoleh rata-rata Gross Motor Quotients (M=81,99, SD=10.1) dan cenderung menurun seiring bertambah usia. Rata-rata Gross Motor Quotiens kelompok usia 7 tahun (M=84,96 SD=7.5), kelompok usia 8 tahun (M=82,15 SD=9.9) dan kelompok usia 9 tahun (M=78,85 SD=11.6). Hasil uji ANOVA satu jalur antara kelompok usia menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata GMQ siswa (p value<0,05). Secara umum keterampilan gerak dasar siswa tergolong di bawah rata-rata, siswa laki-laki lebih unggul dibandingkan siswa perempuan pada semua kelompok usia.
Analisis Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Film “Titi Mangsa Perang Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro” dalam Kanal YouTube Pandora Films sebagai Alternatif Bahan Ajar Drama di Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Arifin Zaenal , Ulumuddin Arisul , Kurniawan Latif Anshori
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the form of illocutionary speech acts in the film "Titi Mangsa Javanese War Pangeran Diponegoro" on the Pandora Films YouTube channel and describe the implementation of the film "Titi Mangsa Javanese War Pangeran Diponegoro" on the Pandora Films YouTube channel as an alternative teaching material for drama in class XI SMA. This research approach uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The data collection methods used in this study, namely using the listening method and advanced techniques, namely tapping techniques, free listening and speaking techniques, and note-taking techniques. Analysis of the data using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of illocutionary speech acts in the film "Titi Mangsa Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro" on the Pandora Films YouTube channel there are 169 illocutionary speech acts, including 60 assertive speech acts, 65 directive speech acts, 14 expressive speech acts, 10 commissive speech acts, and 20 declarative speech acts. The dominant type of illocutionary speech act in this study is directive speech act. This research can also be implemented as teaching material for drama in class XI SMA. Learners can be active and skilled in making plays and shrewd when staging dramas.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi dalam film “Titi Mangsa Perang Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro” dalam kanal YouTube Pandora Films dan mendeskripsikan implementasi film “Titi Mangsa Perang Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro” dalam kanal YouTube Pandora Films sebagai alternatif bahan ajar drama di kelas XI SMA. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu menggunakan metode simak dan teknik lanjutan, yaitu teknik sadap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, dan teknik catat. Penganalisisan data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian analis tindak tutur ilokusi dalam film “Titi Mangsa Perang Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro” dalam kanal YouTube Pandora Films terdapat 169 tindak tutur ilokusi, meliputi 60 tindak tutur asertif, 65 tindak tutur direktif, 14 tindak tutur ekspresif, 10 tindak tutur komisif, dan 20 tindak tutur deklaratif. Jenis indak tutur ilokusi yang dominan dalam penelitian ini adalah tindak tutur direktif. Penelitian ini juga dapat diimplementasikan sebagai bahan ajar drama di kelas XI SMA.  Peserta didik dapat aktif dan terampil dalam membuat drama dan lihai saat pementasan drama.
Majas pada Lirik Lagu Nadin Amizah dalam Album Selamat Ulang Tahun
Authors: Noer Ilfa Shofia , Harjito Harjito , Arifin Zainal
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe what figure of speech is contained in the lyrics of the song Nadin Amizah in the “Happy Birthday Album”. The research method uses descriptive qualitative with stylistic studies. The data analysis method used the content analysis method with stages (1) determining all available data, (2) description or orientation, (3) reduction phase and (4) selection phase. The research data was taken from Nadin Amizah's official you tube on his first album entitled "Happy Birthday", first released on May 28, 2020. The results of the study were based on a stylistic study of figure of speech and imagery in the album song "Happy Birthday" by Nadin Amizah, namely, there are 9 song lyrics; Link, Lay, Bleed, Mirror, Grow Up, Kanyaah, Old Uncle, This Train Is Going Too Fast, Cheers. In total there are 34 data containing several figure of speech in it, including 9 data comparison figure of speech, 3 data metaphor, 4 data parable of epics, 14 data personification, 2 data metonymy, synokdoki; pars pro toto 1 data, totum pro parte 1 data, and allegory 3 data.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan majas apa saja yang terdapat di dalam lirik lagu Nadin Amizah dalam Album Selamat Ulang Tahun. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan kajian stilistika. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode konten analisis dengan tahap (1) penentuan seluruh data yang tersedia, (2) deskripsi atau orientasi, (3) tahap reduksi dan (4) tahap seleksi. Data penelitian diambil dari you tube resmi Nadin Amizah pada album pertamanya berjudul “Selamat Ulang Tahun”, pertama rilis pada 28 Mei 2020. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan kajian stilistika tehadap majas dan imajis dalam lagu album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” karya Nadin Amizah yaitu, terdapat 9 lirik lagu; Bertaut, Taruh, Mendarah, Cermin, Beranjak Dewasa, Kanyaah, Paman Tua, Kereta Ini Melaju Terlalu Cepat, Sorak Sorai. Total keseluruhan terdapat 34 data yang mengandung beberapa majas didalamnya, diantaranya berupa majas perbandingan 9 data, metafora 3 data, perumpamaan epos 4 data, personifikasi 14 data, metonimia 2 data, sinokdoki; pars pro toto 1 data, totum pro parte 1 data, dan alegori 3 data.
Gaya Bahasa Perbandingan pada Cerpen dalam Cerpenmu.com Edisi 2020
Authors: Tebai Apriana , Setyawati Nanik , Prayogi Icuk
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the comparative language style of the latest selection of short stories 2020 from January to December on the short story pagemu.com. The method of providing data used is the listening method and followed by the note-taking technique. The listening method is done by listening to the use of language, while the note-taking technique is done by recording the data that is used as the object of research. The methods and techniques of data analysis carried out in this study are the matching and agih methods. methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis using informal presentation methods. The results of the analysis found by researchers in this study were 183 data including; 36 parables, 36 personifications, 25 metaphors, 7 depersonification, 9 allegory, 1 anithesis, 27 pleonasm/toutology, 35 periphrasis, 3 corrections/epanorthesis styles the language of prolepsis/anticipation cannot be found in the selection of the short story. The most dominant comparative language style in the twenty five short stories chosen is parable and personificationABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan wujud gaya bahasa perbandingan pada pilihan cerpen terbaru 2020 bulan Januari hingga Desember dalam laman cerpenmu.com. Metode penyediaan data yang digunakan adalah metode simak dan dilanjutkan dengan teknik catat. Metode simak dilakukan dengan menyimak penggunaan bahasa, sedangkan teknik catat dilakukan dengan mencatat data- data yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian. Metode dan teknik analisis data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yakni metode padan dan agih. Metode dan teknik penyajian hasil analisis data yaitu menggunakan metode penyajian informal. Hasil analisis yang ditemukan peneliti dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 183 data diantaranya; 36 gaya bahasa perumpamaan, 36 gaya bahasa personifikasi, 25 gaya bahasa metafora, 7 gaya gaya bahasa depersonifikasi, 9 gaya bahasa alegori, 1 gaya bahasa anithesis, 27 gaya bahasa pleonasme/toutologi, 35 gaya Bahasa periphrasis, 3 gaya bahasa koreksio/epanortesis sedangkan gaya bahasa prolepsis/antisipasi tidak dapat di temukan dalam pilihan cerpen tersebut. Gaya bahasa perbandingan yang paling dominan dalam duapuluh lima cerpen pilihan tersebut adalah gaya bahasa perumpamaan dan personifikasi
Gaya Bahasa Perbandingan dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Di Tengah Kegelapan Inuvik Karya Sori Siregar: Kajian Stilistika
Authors: Rakhman Danna Aulia , Muhajir Muhajir , Handayani Pipit Mugi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa perbandingan dalam kumpulan cerpen Di Tengah Kegelapan Inuvik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriprif kualitatif dengan data berupa frasa, klausa dan kalimat yang mengandung unsur gaya bahasa. Hasil penelitian ini adalah gaya bahasa sori siregar terbilang sederhana dalam memanfaatkan metafora sebagai pembanding, gaya bahasa penulis dalam melekatkan sifat-sifat insani pada benda yang tidak bernyawa, penulis sering menggunakan kalimat yang memberikan bayangan menjadi gambaran yang khas. Gaya bahasa yang ditemukan dalam buku kumpulan cerpen, diantaranya adalah gaya bahasa perumpamaan (12), metafora (15), personifikasi (6), Depersonifikasi (6), pleonasme (7), perifrasis (6), antitesis (3). Dari data tersebut, gaya bahasa yang mendominasi pada buku kumpulan cerpen ialah gaya bahasa perumpamaan dengan 12 poin dan metafora dengan 15 poin.
Gaya Bahasa dalam Novel Sagala Karya Anastia B Simarmata sebagai Alternatif Bahan Ajar Sastra di SMA
Authors: Wulandari Hesti Dyah , Asriningsari Ambarini , Muhajir Muhajir
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa dalam novel Sagala karya Anastia B Simarmata dan mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa dalam novel Sagala karya Anastia B Simarmata sebagai alternatif bahan ajar sastra di SMA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis data dalam penelitian ini disajikan menggunakan kata-kata untuk mendeskripsikan data yang telah diperoleh. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terdapat gaya bahasa berdasarkan gaya bunyi ditemukan adanya gaya bahasa onomatope, asonasi, aliterasi, efoni, dan kakofoni. Gaya bahasa berdasarkan gaya kata ditemukan adanya gaya bahasa metafora, personifikasi, dan ambiguitas. Gaya bahasa berdasarkan gaya kalimat ditemukan adanya gaya bahasa hiperbola. Gaya bahasa yang mendominasi novel tersebut adalah gaya bahasa metafora. Hasil penelitian ini akan digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar sastra di SMA pada kelas XII semester genap, yang terdapat dalam kurikulum 2013 pada KD 3.9 yaitu “Menganalisis isi dan kebahasaan novel”.
Nilai Moral dalam Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan Karya Agnes Davonar
Authors: Emshihas Elma , Asriningsari Ambarini , Andrian Setia Naka
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai moral yang terdapat dalam novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar. Adapun tujuan pada penelitian ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai moral dalam novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis akhir yang dilakukan berdasarkan penelitian terhadap nilai moral dalam novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar yaitu hubungan nilai moral yang tergambar dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri yang tergambar melalui hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri yang dapat dilihat dari kesabaran, keikhlasan, dan tanggung jawab siswa terhadap pendidikan. Selain itu, nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain dalam lingkup sosial yang meliputi, kasih sayang orang tua terhadap anak, dan kasih sayang antar teman. Kemudian nilai moral dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhannya meliputi beriman, berdoa kepada Tuhan dan
Fungsi Bahasa dan Sastra melalui Tradisi Manopeng untuk Memperkuat Karakter Kepemimpinan Bangsa
Authors: Noortyani Rusma , Rahmawati Rina
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan fungsi bahasa dan sastra melalui tradisi manopeng untuk memperkuat karakter kepemimpinan bangsa. Metode yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi berupa rekaman video di youtube Media Center Banjarmasin. Teknik analisis data dilaksanakan dengan empat tahap, yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian memaparkan bahwa bahasa dan sastra melalui tradisi manopeng dapat memenuhi fungsi-fungsi berikut. (1) komunikasi efektif, (2) identitas dan persatuan budaya, (3) empati dan pemahaman, (4) nilai etika dan pedoman moral, (5) inspirasi dan visi, dan (6) partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Ringkasnya, bahasa dan sastra dapat memperkuat kepemimpinan bangsa dengan memfasilitasi komunikasi yang efektif, membentuk identitas budaya, mempromosikan nilai-nilai etika, dan menginspirasi kepemimpinan visioner. Pemimpin yang menghargai kekuatan bahasa dan sastra lebih siap untuk terhubung dengan konstituen, membuat keputusan yang tepat, dan memimpin bangsa menuju kemajuan dan kemakmuran.
The Effect of Parenting Styles and Student Perceptions of Economics Teachers' Professional Competence on Educational Interactions Economics Learning mediated through Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Sari Fildzah Aptanta Henanda , Prakoso Albrian Fiky
Published: February 2024

Adanya hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Driyorejo 2022/2023, bahwasannya belum secara menyeluruhnya siswa aktif dalam merespon pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam section tertentu oleh guru. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi interaksi edukatif dalam proses pembelajaran, yaitu peran orang tua dan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan orang tua dan persepsi siswa tentang kompetensi profesional guru terhadap interaksi edukatif terutama dalam pembelajaran ekonomi dimediasi oleh self – regulated learning. Sampel pada penelitian ini digunakan dengan teknik sensus sejumlah 141 siswa XI Jurusan IPS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kuantitatif dengan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) berbantuan software WarpPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang tinggi disumbangkan oleh persepsi siswa tentang kompetensi profesional guru sebesar 71,5% terhadap self – regulated learning dan 35,9% terhadap interaksi edukatif dalam pembelajaran ekonomi. Namun, hasil menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan self – regulated learning sebagai pemediasi hanya terletak diantara pengaruh yang diberikan persepsi siswa tentang kompetensi profesional guru terhadap interaksi edukatif dalam pembelajaran ekonomi. Untuk itu, diharapkan bagi beberapa komponen pendidikan untuk memberikan fokus utamanya pada peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru guna mewujudkan pembelajaran yang optimal kedepannya.
Upaya Meningkatkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Melalui Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Berbantuan Media "PATEMBAGAN"
Authors: Fani Anggriani Fatkhunia , Mardiana Tria , Suryawan Ari , Kurniawati Alviana
Published: February 2024

Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IV SD Bantul Timur. Tujuan yang ingin sdicapai dalam penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik kelas IV SD Bantul Timur. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Sampel penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV SD Bantul Timur yang berjumlah 28 anak. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik sebesar 35,71% dari 57,14% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 92,85% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw berbantuan media PATEMBAGAN dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IV SD Bantul Timur.
Dhuha Prayer as A Solution in Implementing Morals at MTs Lailatul Qadar Sukoharjo
Authors: Islam Muhammad Thoriqul , Miftah Muhammad Miftah , Marjany Nawa Marjany
Published: February 2024

Duha prayer is one of the routine activities carried out students by MTs Lailatul Qadar Sukoharjo before learning begins. This activity includes murojaah, memorization, asmaul husna, khatmil Quran, and tausiyah. One of the main objectives of this program is to form morals. However, on the other hand, many students still need to arrive on time to attend the Dhuha prayer. This research is intended to explain how dhuha prayer instills morals at MTs Lailatul Qadar. This research is descriptive qualitative with a case study type of research. The presence of researchers as a critical instrument. The research location is at MTs Lailatul Qadar. Data sources include person, place, and paper. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The data analysis in this research was carried out inductively.

Meanwhile, reduction, presentation, and conclusion techniques were used to check the data's validity. The research results show that Duha prayer is a solution to instilling good morals students in MTs Lailatul Qadar, including students' morals towards Allah SWT, fellow creatures, and students' human morals in the school environment. This process starts with murojaah, memorization, asmaul husna, khatmil Quran, and tausiyah delivered by ustadz and ustadzah. However, in practice, there are supporting and inhibiting factors. Supporting factors involve time conditions that support the smooth implementation of prayers while inhibiting factors consist of internal factors involving aspects within the student and external factors (environment) such as the influence of friends, lack of enthusiasm from parents, and long distance from home.
Determinants of Digital Technology Adoption Among Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Feranita Nungky Viana , Mahendrawan Andrias Dwi , Asmuni Asmuni
Published: February 2024

Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government.
MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL ROCK PROPERTIES AND SELECTION OF IDENTIFIED CORE PLUGS FOR INJECTIVITY AND BLOCKING TESS
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini
Published: February 2024

An oil field on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia has excess water production problem. Its watercuts are greater than 90 %. Excess water production is not only linked to poor sweep efficiency, but also causes many problems in oil industry, such as scaling, corrosion, cost of oil water treatment and cost of water disposal, and in effective hydrocarbon mobility. Optimizing oil production often requires considerable time, effort and challenge. Chemical injection (e.g. BW Polymer) is a method proposed to solve the current problem in the oil field. Hopefully, the excess water production will be blocked effectively by using chemical injection method in order to obtain maximum productivity and recovery. This paper is especially focused on measurement of physical rock properties, identification and selection of core plugs for injectivity and blocking test study
USE OF HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA (IKONOS IMAGERY) FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT
Authors: Susantoro Tri Muji , Tjiptono Adji Gatot , Suliantara Suliantara
Published: February 2024

Many activities must be done before doing the 3D seismic survey. 3D seismic work needs accurate and precise information to minimize the cost and negative impact, and or dispute with the local people. The data needs information on road for moving instrument, bridge, river and Ancient River. Data of landuse and landcover, building, public facility, demographic and administration are required for estimating compensation. The use of remote sensing is a good alternative to achieve this objective. The 3D seismic survey will involve an amount of labors in the fields where the survey is conducted. During the survey a number of equipments will be planted and connected by wire. Therefore, the seismic survey will directly make contracts with local people and theirs proprietaries for temporary use or damage compensation. 3D seismic survey can be classified as a complex activities, apart from a large number of labors that are needed to carry explosive and equipments which will be used to comply the survey, social problem must be solved first. Especially when the study area is conducted in a well developed area with dense population, cultivation and other utilities. Considering the previous facts, a well plan operation in the office that is supported by detail and up to date surface map is actually needed. High accuracy and up to date surface map was considered as a critical basic information for the 3D seismic planning. Remote sensing technology with the high spatial resolution satellite data can acquire the latest earth surface data with one meter resolution in relatively short time. Ikonos satellite imagery is one of the high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be chosen and utilized as the main source for providing the surface map.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHANGE OF PHASE BEHAVIOR IN THE MIXTURE OF OIL - SURFACTANT - ISO PROPYL ALCOHOLFORMATION WATER
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini
Published: February 2024

Surfactant is surface active agent chemical that has two types of properties; lyophobic (like water) and hydrophobic (like oil). One of enhanced oil recovery methods that is used to improve oil recovery factor, is surfactant flooding. Oil and water are two separated phases and have high interfacial tension value (around 30-40 dyne/cm). Addition of surfactant solution at certain concentration into the mixture of oil-surfactant-formation water will change the phase behavior. In this case, four types possibilities of emulsion formed, these are: • Upper phase; Middle phase (microemulsion); Lower phase; Macroemulsion. According to Prince, L.M (Theory and Practice of Microemulsions), change of phase behavior in the oil-surfactant-formation water mixture is influenced by several factors, one of them is concentration of alcohol. The main focus of this research is to study influence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) concentration on phase behavior in the oil-surfactant-IPA-formation water mixture.Concentration Behavior Oil - Surfactant - Iso
STRATIGRAPHY, TECTONICSAND MAJOR SEQUENCE BOUNDARY DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY SEDIMENTS OF CENTRAL SUMATRA BASIN
Authors: Sukanta Ukat , Endharto Mac.
Published: February 2024

According to Satrio and Soejanto (1994), the CPI contract area of Central Sumatra basin has discovered more than 130 fields, and most of these fields are structural traps. The basin is a NW - SE trending elongate depression, which is bounded in the north- west by the Asahan Arc and in the southeast by the Tigapuluh High. To the West, it is bounded by the northwest – southeast trending Barisan Mountains, whereas to the northeast by the Strait of Malacca (Figure 1). The Central Sumatra Basin is based by the Pretertiary basement rocks and has been filled by Eocene up to the Plio-Pleistocene siliciclastic-dominated strata. Based on a three year consulting work for the CPI and discussion with many Earth Scientists of this company, and being supported by much information on the related data from published reports, the senior author has been able to propose scientific contribution on the stratigraphy of the basin and its relationships with tectonism and sea level changes.
PLEISTOCENE PALYNOLOGY OF EAST JAVA
Authors: Lelono Eko Budi
Published: February 2024

This study is a part of geological investigation on Pleistocene sediment in East Java in order to evaluate hydrocarbon potential within this sediment of this area. The area of study is located in the on-shore East Java (Figure 1). It is financially supported by the oil company as this is commercial work done by LEMIGAS Exploration Department. Therefore, data used in this paper will be incompletely presented as they are confidential. The name of the studied wells and their precise locations are hided in this paper. Data used in this study derives from three wells namely R, S and T. Three different disciplines are applied in this study including palynology, micropaleontology and nannoplankton analyses which are useful for crosschecking purposes. Apparently, the integration of these analyses gains accurate interpretation of stratigraphy and depositional environment. The area of study is in East Java Basin which can be classified as a classical back-arc basin. During Pleistocene, the area of study was marked by regional uplift and the cessation of open marine sedimentation (LEMIGAS, 2005). Therefore Pleistocene age was dominated by non-marine deposition. Generally, this type of sediment is separated from the underlying layer by an unconformity (LEMIGAS, 2005). Most Pleistocene sediment consists of volcanoclastic as a result of volcanic activity which related to uplifting period. It is possible that volcanic activity was responsible for the burning of grass as indicated by the occurrence of charred Gramineae cuticles. The previous investigations on Pleistocene sediment showed the domination of grass pollen of Monoporites annulatus which suggested the expansion of dry climate during Pleistocene glacial maxima. The pollen diagram from Lombok Ridge produced by van der Kaas (1991a) proves the domination of Gramineae pollen during Pleistocene (Figure 2). The period of dry climate (glacial climate) is characterised by abundant Gramineae pollen, whilst the period of wetter climate (interglacial climate) is indicated by an increase of coastal and mangrove palynomorphs, but greatly reduced frequencies of Graminaae pollen (Morley, 2000). In addition, Rahardjo et al. (1994) referred to the high abundance of Monoporites annulatus to propose Pleistocene pollen zone of M. annulatus (Figure 3).
ON GOING COALBED METHANE (CBM) DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH SUMATRA BASIN
Authors: Sosrowidjojo Imam B.
Published: February 2024

Coalbed methane (CBM) is going to be an important facet of the nation’s energy mix. It is expected to contribute in importance energy back up for the future. CBM is natural gas, a clean-burning energy source that is reservoired in a coal seam. CBM is formed during the coal maturation process and may in a free or adsorbed state in coal seams in adjacent formations. CBM is dominantly methane but lesser concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, compare to conventional natural gas. However, in most cases, CBM is of sufficient quality for sale directly into natural gas transmission lines with a limited amount of moisture removal.CBM as natural gas has numerous benefits to include direct selling, well suited as city gas, electricity generation, boiler fuel, transportation fuel, and for many types of chemical industries feed. Beside CBM replaces coal to be greatly reduces the production of acid rain and other forms of air pollution, the development of CBM has benefitial for coal miners. It can contribute to improved mining safety as well as it can help reduce construction costs.CBM is probably one of the promising alternative fuel energy resources in Indonesia that its presence is actual and comparable with the existing coal resources in any potential basin. Unlike some well in developed countries where commercialization of methane production from coal seam has been developed, coals direct mined in Indonesia seem to be more attractive and preferable technique to supply the consumer demand of energy. This is because coal mines serve direct products, less complicated technology, low exploration risks, easy recovery, relatively low cost but quick yields and already have wide market. Consequently, people have overlooked the existence of consisting huge potential methane gas in coals.However, petroleum exploration data throughout Indonesia suggest that increasing coal rank occurs rapidly with depth in many basins and that gas kicks are almost common associated with some coal seams below 200 m depth. In addition, world CBM exploration now has shifted towards lower rank settings (i.e, vitrinite reflectance between 0.3% and 0.6% Ro). In Indonesia, thick coals generally are found at greater depth, higher in rank and therefore are expected to be more productive (Saghafi and Hadiyanto, 2000).LEMIGAS is currently conducting a drilling program to study the feasibility of CBM production in South Sumatra. The domain of the work is in the Muaraenim Formation (Upper – Middle Palembang). The coal sequences were deposited during Late Miocene. We believe that a big effort is extremely essential to establish the reserve and economic potential of CBM in South Sumatra to later extent to Indonesia.
A LABORATORY STUDY TO IMPROVE ACID STIMULATION IN SANDSTONES
Authors: Anggraeni Septi , Trivianty Junita , Widarsono Bambang
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of acidizing is to improve well productivity. Acids are useful for this reason because of their ability to dissolve undesired formation minerals and materials which may either be intrinsic in nature or be introduced into the formation during the processes of drilling, completion, and production. The effectiveness of acids in improving productivity in a particular well essentially depends on an accurate analysis of the problem and the selection of acid.Prudent judgment in acid to be used should be confirmed by laboratory tests. Apart from the analysis on the nature of the formation damage itself, acid selection should be based on study of reservoir rocks mineralogy and characteristics in general and accordingly the relevant material/minerals to be dissolved or removed. Improper diagnostics may result in inefficient, and even damaging, acidizing. Various studies have been conducted in this highlight (e.g. Crowe, 1984; Gidley, 1971; Crowe in Economides and Nolte, 1989; Daccord in Economides and Nolte, 1989; Ali, 1981; and Piot and Perthuis in Economides and Nolte, 1984).Those studies conducted in the past reveal that in comparison the success ratio of acidizing for limestone reservoir is almost 90%, whereas for sandstone reservoir the success ratio is only 30%. Undoubtedly, this disparity in success ratios is caused by the fact that appropriate acids dissolve limestones more properly due to limestones generally simpler mineral composition and by the fact that sandstones usually have more complex mineralogy hence providing less simple materials to dissolve. From this point Those studies conducted in the past reveal that in comparison the success ratio of acidizing for limestone reservoir is almost 90%, whereas for sandstone reservoir the success ratio is only 30%. Undoubtedly, this disparity in success ratios is caused by the fact that appropriate acids dissolve limestones more properly due to limestones generally simpler mineral composition and by the fact that sandstones usually have more complex mineralogy hence providing less simple materials to dissolve. From this point
DETERMINATION OF PG12S SURFACTANT PHASE BEHAVIOUR IN THE MIXTURE OF OIL - SURFACTANT - COSURFACTANT - WATER
Authors: Makmur Tjuwati , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: February 2024

Surfactant is surface active agent chemical, while isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and also isobutyl alcohol (IBA) are known as cosurfactant and include types of alcohols used in enhanced oil recovery (surfactant flooding) method. Factors of surfactant, cosurfactant, and NaCl concentrations play important role in determination of phase behavior. Based on the results of phase behavior tests that the mixture of oil – PG12 surfactant – cosurfactant (IPA IBA) – WIP water showed macroemulsion phase for all analyzed samples at different experimental conditions. PG12 surfactant is unable to be used for enhanced oil recovery by chemical injection, because it is very difficult to flow in porous media and to displace oil, because the occurrence of plugging which is caused by opaque and milky macroemulsion.
EFFECT OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY BACILLUS IN OILY WASTEWATER DEGRADATION
Authors: Kadarwati Sri , Herlina Leni
Published: February 2024

Liquid waste from oil industry activities has potential cause environmental pollution. These liquid wastes, containing hydrocarbon and heavy metals, are mostly toxic. Therefore, biotechnology by means of biological treatment can be applied for decomposing the toxic liquid wastes. The biosurfactant production from some microorganisms can support hydrocarbon degradation. The objective of this study is to examine the crude biosurfactant that is extracted from the selected Bacillus which was precipitated by using methanol on acid moiety. The crude biosurfactant extract were tested to support hydrocarbon degradation. Three species of Bacillus used in this experiment were compared based on their respective biosurfactant production. The results showed that the percentage of hydrocarbon degradation on liquid waste from refinery by the three Bacillus species were 90.23% (Bacillus subtilis), 88.72% (Bacillus licheniformis), and 73.43% (Bacillus laterosporus). The concentration of remaining oil after 28 days was 20.44 mg/L, 23.38 mg/L, and 54.87 mg/L, respectively. The decrease of COD were 84.90%, 84.04%, and 80.68%, respectively, and the COD value after 28 days treatment were 165 mg/L, 174 mg/L, and 211 mg/L.
Flexible Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling in disease mapping.
Authors:   , Ayalew Kassahun Abere
Published: February 2024

The Gaussian Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive (ICAR) spatial model, which usually has two components, namely an ICAR for spatial smoothing and standard random effects for non-spatial heterogeneity, is used to estimate spatial distributions of disease risks. The normality assumption in this model may not always be correct and misspecification of the distribution of random effects could result in biased estimation of the spatial distribution of disease risk, which could lead to misleading conclusions and policy recommendations. Limited research studies have been done where the estimation of the spatial distributions of diseases under the ICAR-normal model were compared to those obtained from fitting ICAR-nonnormal model. The results from these studies indicated that the ICAR-nonnormal models performed better than the ICAR-normal in terms of accuracy, efficiency and predictive capacity. However, these efforts have not fully addressed the effect on the estimation of spatial distributions under flexible specification of ICAR models in disease mapping. The overall aim of this PhD thesis was to develop approaches that relax the normality assumption that is often used in modeling and fitting of ICAR models in the estimation of spatial patterns of diseases. In particular, the thesis considered the skewnormal and skew-Laplace distributions under the univariate, and skew-normal for the multivariate specifications to estimate the spatial distributions of either univariable or multivariable areal data. The thesis also considered non-parametric specification of the multivariate spatial effects in the ICAR model, which is a novel extension of an earlier work. The estimation of the models was done using Bayesian statistical approaches. The performances of our suggested alternatives to the ICAR-normal model were evaluated by simulating studies as well as with practical application to the estimation of district-level distribution of HIV prevalence and treatment coverage using health survey data in South Africa. Results from the simulation studies and analysis of real data demonstrated that our approaches performed better in the prediction of spatial distributions for univariable and multivariable areal data in disease mapping approaches. This PhD has shown the limitations of relying on the ICAR-normal model for the estimations of spatial distributions for all spatial analyses, even when the data could be asymmetric and non-normal. In such scenarios, skewed-ICAR and nonparametric ICAR approaches could provide better and unbiased estimation of the spatial pattern of diseases.
Comparative study of covalent & non-covalent drug inhibitory mechanism investigation: targeting HSP72 protein in cancer therapy using molecular modelling techniques.
Authors:   , Aljoundi Aimen Khalefa Misbah
Published: February 2024

Cancer is the most complicated and diverse disease that has been menacing human beings worldwide. Up to date, important advancement has been done to improve the existing therapeutic interventions in the treatment and management of cancer. However, the side effect of these drugs that are mostly associated with the “off-target” effects is a perpetual failure in cancer drug development. Therefore, efficient regimen with minimal toxicities and high drug target selectivity should be achieved. Covalent inhibition is an emerging field in drug discovery and a very distinct category of therapeutics that reduces adverse side effects and possible interactions that lead to drug resistance due to its attainable reactivity and high selectivity. The Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a crucial role in the clearance of damaged proteins by encouraging proteotoxicity and proteins acclamation. This process occurs by avoiding unsuitable stress-induced protein aggregation, ensure suitable refolding of denatured proteins, and promoting their degradation; thus, the involvement of this enzyme in many human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we delve into the structural features of one of the most crucial enzymatic targets of the stress proteins, the Heat shock proteins72. In drug development, the integration of computational techniques including molecular dynamic simulations, docking and molecular modelling has allowed drug developers to screen and syntheses millions of compounds and thus screen out possible lead drugs. Computer-Aided Drug Design has been validated as a cost-effective strategy to fast trace the drug discovery process due to these in silico methods. One of the characteristics of the HSP72 is its ability to be targeted either covalently or non-covalently through small drug molecules. Therefore, the above-mentioned methods, amongst several other computational tools were employed out in this study to provide insights into conformational changes that explain potential covalent and non-covalent inhibitory mechanisms, binding sites assessment features leading to promising small molecule inhibitor candidates. These combinatorial computational studies offer an inclusive in silico perspective to fill the gap in drug design studies about targeting protein degradation, thus providing insights toward the structural characteristics of the pivotal target and describing promising drug developments.
Concurrent spatiotemporal ecology of African lions and spotted hyenas and the potential for inter- and intraspecific interactions in semi-arid and wetland ecosystems.
Authors:   , Barker Nancy Ann
Published: February 2024

Intraguild interactions among apex predators can potentially influence carnivore population densities and distribution, which may have profound effects on trophic processes within ecosystems. Coexisting carnivores are able to mitigate such interactions through behavioural mechanisms that promote spatiotemporal separation. Despite increasing research which highlights the occurrence and prevalence of competitive interactions between African lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), studies that incorporate the effects of such interactions on lion and hyena space use patterns are limited. Interactions among sympatric carnivores reveal how predators utilize spatial and temporal partitioning strategies within jointly used areas, and elucidate the spatiotemporal patterns enabling species coexistence between them. Thus, an understanding of how inter- and intragroup interactions drives the movement responses of apex predators has important implications for the structure and function of large carnivore communities, and their conservation. We used remote tracking data to investigate aspects of the ecology and behaviour of lions and spotted hyenas, with an emphasis on the spatiotemporal patterns among coexisting populations. Both lions and spotted hyenas mediated the potential for interference competition through subtle differences in temporal activity, fine-scale habitat use differentiation, and localized reactive-avoidance behaviours. Recursivity to, and duration of time at, locales of high competitor probabilities, were similar among female lions and both sexes of hyenas, but different for male lions. Our findings of lion space-use patterns across arid and mesic environments indicated the seasonal influences of competitive interactions with competitors (spotted hyenas), in that lions selected for, and chose to move through areas with a lower probability of competitors during the dry season. Dyadic interactions among lions and spotted hyenas illuminates how hyenas effectively reduced their potential of interactions with lions by utilizing spatiotemporal partitioning strategies and local reactive avoidance behaviours within shared space use areas. Quantifying the types of movement behaviour between competitors highlights the type of interaction occurring in a dyad and enhances our understanding of the potential effects of interspecific interactions among large carnivore space-use patterns within an apex predator system. Both lions and spotted hyenas exploit different behavioural strategies resulting in fine-scale spatiotemporal segregation among shared space-use areas enabling the two species to co-exist, and show adaptability across heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. Such findings are essential in understanding the behavioural choices made by members of a guild that subsequently affects population dynamics and community structure of multi-species food networks.
A qualitative study exploring the experiences of unemployed youth in Chatsworth, South Africa.
Authors:   , Husain Mahomed Shuaib
Published: February 2024

Unemployment among the youth is a common occurrence in today’s times. Most places of occupation seek employees with at least three years of experience. As a result, fresh graduates find themselves in a position of despair and hopelessness. In an attempt to help the youth to find suitable jobs, the government must provide the youth with viable job opportunities. This study aimed to investigate how unemployment affects the lives of the youth. This research report has been compiled based on six unemployed youth living in the Chatsworth area in South Africa. The research study was conducted using a qualitative approach through structured interviews. The results revealed that most unemployed youth had been miserable and felt as if they had no purpose in life due to being unemployed. The implications of the findings of this study are important and helpful to both job seekers and prospective employers.