bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of transfusion guidelines for injured children using a Modified Delphi Consensus Process
Authors: Trappey A. Francois , Thompson Kyle M. , Kuppermann Nathan , Stephenson Jacob T. , Nuno Miriam A. , Hewes Hilary A. , Meyers Sage R. , Stanley Rachel M. , Galante Joseph M. , Nishijima Daniel K.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

There is wide variability of transfusion practices for children with hemorrhagic injuries across trauma centers. We are planning a multicenter, randomized clinical trial evaluating tranexamic acid in children with hemorrhage. Standardization of transfusion practices across sites is important to minimize confounding. Therefore, we sought to generate consensus-based transfusion guidelines for the trial.

METHODS

We used a modified Delphi process utilizing a multi-site, multi-disciplinary panel of experts to develop our transfusion guidelines. A survey of 23 clinical categories on various aspects of transfusion practices was developed and distributed via SurveyMonkey®. Statements were graded on a 5-point Likert scale (“Strongly agree” to “This intervention may be harmful”). Statements were accepted if ≥ 80% of the panelists rated the statement as “Strongly agree” or “Agree”. After each round, the responses were calculated and the results included on subsequent rounds.

RESULTS

35 panelists from four pediatric trauma centers participated in the study, including 11 (31%) pediatric EM physicians, 8 (23%) pediatric trauma surgeons, 5 (14%) transfusionists, 5 (14%) pediatric anesthesiologists, and 6 (17%) pediatric critical care physicians (range of 8 to 10 from each clinical site). Four survey iterations were performed. In total 176 statements were rated and 39 were accepted by criteria across all 23 categories. An rational algorithm for transfusion in trauma was then developed.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully developed transfusion guidelines for various aspects of the management of children with hemorrhagic injuries using a modified Delphi process with broad interdisciplinary participation. We anticipate implementation of these guidelines will help minimize heterogeneity of transfusion practices across clinical sites for the upcoming clinical trial evaluating tranexamic acid in children with hemorrhage.
Is early chemical thromboprophylaxis in patients with solid organ injury a solid decision?
Authors: Skarupa David , Hanna Kamil , Zeeshan Muhammad , Madbak Firas , Hamidi Mohammad , Haddadin Zaid , Northcutt Ashley , Gries Lynn , Kulvatunyou Narong , Joseph Bellal
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The optimal time to initiate chemical thromboprophylaxis (CTP) in patients who have undergone nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt solid organ injuries (SOI) remains controversial. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of early initiation of CTP in patients with blunt abdominal SOIs.

METHODS

We performed a 2-year (2013–2014) retrospective analysis of American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program. We included all adult trauma patients (age, ≥ 18 years) with blunt SOI who underwent NOM. Patients were stratified into three groups based on timing of CTP (early, ≤48 hours of injury; late, >48 hours of injury,; and no prophylaxis group). Our primary outcomes were rates of failure of NOM, pRBC transfusion, and mortality. Our secondary outcomes were the rate of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events (i.e., deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism [PE]) and length of stay.

RESULTS

A total of 36,187 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 49.5 ± 19 years and 36% of patients received CTP (early, 37% (n = 4,819) versus late, 63% (n = 8,208)). After controlling for confounders, patients receiving early CTP had lower rates of DVT (p = 0.01) and PE (p = 0.01) compared with the no prophylaxis and late CTP groups. There was no difference between the three groups regarding the postprophylaxis pRBC transfusions, failure of NOM, and mortality.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that in patients undergoing NOM of blunt abdominal SOI, early initiation of CTP should be considered. It is associated with decreased rates of DVT and PE, with no significant difference in post prophylaxis pRBC transfusion, failure of nonoperative management, and mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic, level V.
Multicolor Imaging of Myelinated Nerve Fibers Contiguous to the Optic Disc
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhajit , Goel Sugandha , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: July 2019

Myelinated nerve fibers (MNF) are characterized as whitish, relatively sharply demarcated, feather-like structures located in the retinal nerve fiber layer. MNF are located quite frequently in contiguity with the optic nerve head. This may lead to a diagnostic dilemma by preventing clear visualization of the optic disc margins. We herein describe the utility of multicolor imaging (MCI) in identifying optic disc anatomy in a case of MNF contiguous to the disc. MCI and infrared reflectance were superior to color fundus photography in delineating disc margins. Our pilot study describes the efficacy of MCI in delineating optic disc anatomy in a case of MNF.
The Role of EEG in the Erroneous Diagnosis of Epilepsy
Authors: Amin Ushtar , Benbadis Selim R.
Published: July 2019

Errors in diagnosis are relatively common in medicine and occur in all specialties. The consequences can be serious for both patients and physicians. Errors in neurology are often because of the overemphasis on "tests" over the clinical picture. The diagnosis of epilepsy in general is a clinical one and is typically based on history. Epilepsy is more commonly overdiagnosed than underdiagnosed. An erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy is often the result of weak history and an "abnormal" EEG. Twenty-five to 30% of patients previously diagnosed with epilepsy who did not respond to initial antiepileptic drug treatment do not have epilepsy. Most patients misdiagnosed with epilepsy turn out to have either psychogenic nonepileptic attacks or syncope. Reasons for reading a normal EEG as an abnormal one include over-reading normal variants or simple fluctuations of background rhythms. Reversing the diagnosis of epilepsy is challenging and requires reviewing the "abnormal" EEG, which can be difficult. The lack of mandatory training in neurology residency programs is one of the main reasons for normal EEGs being over-read as abnormal. Tests (including EEG) should not be overemphasized over clinical judgment. The diagnosis of epilepsy can be challenging, and some seizure types may be underdiagnosed. Frontal lobe hypermotor seizures may be misdiagnosed as psychogenic events. Focal unaware cognitive seizures in elderly maybe be blamed on dementia, and ictal or interictal psychosis in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies may be mistaken for a primary psychiatric disorder.
Patterns Specific to Pediatric EEG
Authors: Sheth Raj D.
Published: July 2019

Misinterpretations of the EEG can result in erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy, causing considerable family anxiety, over protectiveness of children, and delays in normal development and developmental exploration. The burden of a chronic disease can result in expensive and unnecessary medical treatment. The misdiagnosis of epilepsy has been well documented in adults, but misdiagnosis in normal children can have a long-lasting impact on their health. Furthermore, the EEG has a wider range of morphology and hence a greater opportunity for the missed diagnosis of epilepsy. Lack of familiarity of normal sleep patterns and age-related changes from the premature neonate to the young child make children particularly susceptible to misdiagnosis of epilepsy.
Patient-matched analysis identifies deregulated networks in prostate cancer to guide personalized therapeutic intervention
Authors: Kumar Akinchan , Badredine Alaa , Azzag Karim , Kasikçi Yasenya , Ranty Marie Laure Quintyn , Zaidi Falek , Serret Nathalie , Mazerolles Catherine , Malavaud Bernard , Mendoza-Parra Marco Antonio , Vandel Laurence , Gronemeyer Hinrich
Published: July 2019

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common malignancy in men1. More than 50% of advanced prostate cancers display the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion2. Despite extensive cancer genome/transcriptome2–4 and phosphoproteome5 data, little is known about the impact of mutations and altered transcription on regulatory networks in the PrCa of individual patients. Using patient-matched normal and tumor samples, we established somatic variations and differential transcriptome profiles of primary ERG-positive prostate cancers. Integration of protein-protein interaction and gene-regulatory network databases6, 7 defined highly diverse patient-specific network alterations. We found that different components of a given regulatory pathway were altered by novel and known mutations and/or aberrant gene expression, including deregulated ERG targets, such that different sets of pathways were altered in each individual PrCa. In a given PrCa, several deregulated pathways share common factors, predicting synergistic effects on cancer progression. Our integrated analysis provides a paradigm to identify key deregulated factors within regulatory networks to guide personalized therapies.
An oomycete effector impairs autophagy in evolutionary distant organisms and favors host infection
Authors: Testi Serena , Kuhn Marie-Line , Allasia Valérie , Auroy Pascaline , Kong Fantao , Peltier Gilles , Pagnotta Sophie , Cazareth Julie , Keller Harald , Panabières Franck
Published: July 2019

An arsenal of effector proteins from plant pathogenic Phytophthora species manipulates their host from inside the cells. Phytophthora parasitica produces the effector AVH195 during an initial, biotrophic phase of infection. The protein transiently impairs plant immune-associated hypersensitive cell death in Nicotiana. ATG8 Interaction Motifs in the protein indicate that the effector targets the autophagic core machinery. We selected a photosynthetic microalga with a single copy ATG8 gene as an alternative model to dissect AVH195-induced autophagic perturbation. AVH195 slows down autophagic flux in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thus promoting the accumulation of cargo-rich vesicles. In yeast, membrane-associated AVH195 interacts with ATG8 from Chlamydomonas and with different ATG8 isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana. The overexpression of Avh195 in Arabidopsis promotes growth of both infecting P. parasitica and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, an obligate biotroph. To our knowledge, this report provides first evidence that an oomycete effector non-selectively targets ATG8 in different organisms from the green lineage to slow down autophagic flux for infection.
Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Brazil
Authors: Caleiro Giovana S. , Nunes Cristina F. , Urbano Paulo R. , Kirchgatter Karin , de Araujo Jansen , Durigon Edison Luiz , Thomazelli Luciano M. , Stewart Brittany M. , Edwards Dustin C. , Romano Camila M.
Published: July 2019

Reticuloendotheliosis retroviruses (REV) are known to cause immunosuppressive and oncogenic disease that affects numerous avian species. REV is present worldwide and recently has been reported in South America with cases of infected commercial flocks in Argentina. We surveyed for the presence of REV in birds from a state in the northern region of Brazil using real-time PCR. We report the first cases of REV in Brazil, detected in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata), wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), and chickens (Gallus gallus) at a relatively high prevalence rate (16,8%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship of this strain to variants in the United States. This study provides evidence of REV in the Amazon biome and provides a baseline for future surveillance of the virus in the region and throughout Brazil.
Brucella effector hijacks endoplasmic reticulum quality control machinery to prevent premature egress
Authors: Luizet Jean-Baptiste , Raymond Julie , Lacerda Thais Lourdes Santos , Bonici Magali , Lembo Frédérique , Willemart Kévin , Borg Jean-Paul , Gorvel Jean-Pierre , Salcedo Suzana P.
Published: July 2019

Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions can have critical consequences for cellular homeostasis. An elaborate surveillance system known as ER quality control (ERQC) ensures that only correctly assembled proteins reach their destination. Persistence of misfolded or improperly matured proteins upregulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with stress, activates ER associated degradation (ERAD) for delivery to proteasomes for degradation. We have identified a Brucella abortus type IV secretion system effector called BspL that targets Herp, a key component of ERQC and is able to augment ERAD. Modulation of ERQC by BspL results in tight control of the kinetics of autophagic Brucella-containing vacuole formation, preventing premature bacterial egress from infected cells. This study highlights how bacterial pathogens may hijack ERAD components for fine regulation of their intracellular trafficking.
A patatin-like phospholipase is crucial for gametocyte induction in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Flammersfeld Ansgar , Panyot Atscharah , Yamaryo Yoshiki , Auraß Philipp , Pryborski Jude M. , Flieger Antje , Botté Cyrille , Pradel Gabriele
Published: July 2019

Patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) are highly conserved enzymes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with major roles in lipid homeostasis. The genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum encodes four putative PNPLAs with predicted functions during phospholipid degradation. We here investigated the role of one of the plasmodial PNPLAs, a putative PLA2 termed PNPLA1, during blood stage replication and gametocyte development. PNPLA1 is present in the asexual and sexual blood stages and here localizes to the cytoplasm. PNPLA1-deficiency due to gene disruption or conditional gene-knockdown had no effect on erythrocytic replication, gametocyte maturation and gametogenesis. However, blood stage parasites lacking PNPLA1 were severely impaired in gametocyte induction, while PNPLA1 overexpression promotes gametocyte formation. The loss of PNPLA1 further leads to transcriptional down-regulation of genes related to gametocytogenesis, including the gene encoding the sexual commitment regulator AP2-G. Additionally, lipidomics of PNPLA1-deficient asexual blood stage parasites revealed overall increased levels of major phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is a substrate of PLA2. Because PC synthesis is pivotal for erythrocytic replication, while the reduced availability of PC precursors drives the parasite into gametocytogenesis, we hypothesize that the high PC levels due to PNPLA1-deficiency prevent the blood stage parasites from entering the sexual pathway.
The nervous system is the major target for Gold nanoparticles: Evidence from RNA sequencing data of C. elegans
Authors: Mo Jihao , Sun Ning , Yang Baolin , Li Shaoxia , Wang Lei
Published: July 2019

The increasing use of gold nanoparticles (NPs) raises concerns about the potential effect of gold NPs exposure on human health. Therefore, gold NPs exposure is hard to evaluate at the organ level with current measurement technology. The bio-distribution assay showed that intestine was the organ with most gold NPs accumulated in C. elegans. However, our data indicated that 62.8% of the significant altered genes were function in the nervous system using tissue enrichment analysis. Notably, developmental stage analysis has demonstrated that NP exposure interfered with the development of animals. Furthermore, the transcription factors DAF-16 was regulating the oxidative stress genes induced by gold NPs. Therefore, we proposed the localization of the oxidative stress genes in the neuron cells and how their expression affect neuron communication. Our results demonstrate that the gold NPs-induced oxidative stress affects the nervous system via physical damage to the neurons and disruption of cell-to-cell communication. Future toxicology research on gold NPs should focus on neurons.

Graphical abstract
tRNA 2’-O-methylation modulates small RNA silencing and life span in Drosophila
Authors: Angelova Margarita T. , Dimitrova Dilyana G. , Da Silva Bruno , Marchand Virginie , Goyenvalle Catherine , Achour Cyrinne , Jacquier Caroline , Bourguignon-Igel Valérie , Shehzada Salman , Lence Tina , Guerineau Vincent , Roignant Jean-Yves , Antoniewski Christophe , Teysset Laure , Bregeon Damien , Schaefer Matthias R. , Motorin Yuri , Carré Clément
Published: July 2019

2’-O-methylation (Nm) represents one of the most common RNA modifications. Nm affects RNA structure and function with crucial roles in various RNA-mediated processes ranging from RNA silencing, translation, self versus non-self recognition to viral defense mechanisms. Here, we identify two novel Nm methyltransferases (Nm-MTases) in Drosophila melanogaster (CG7009 and CG5220) as functional orthologs of yeast TRM7 and human FTSJ1, respectively. Genetic knockout studies together with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and RiboMethSeq mapping revealed that CG7009 is responsible for methylating the wobble position in tRNAPhe, tRNATrp and tRNALeu, while subsequently, CG5220 methylates position C32 in the same tRNAs and targets also additional tRNAs. CG7009 or CG5220 mutant animals were viable and fertile but exhibited various phenotypes such as life span reduction, small RNA pathways dysfunction and increased sensitivity to RNA virus infections. Our results provide the first detailed characterization of two TRM7 family members in Drosophila and uncover a molecular link between enzymes catalysing Nm at specific tRNAs and small RNA-induced gene silencing pathways.
Durability of alumina silicate concrete based on slag/fly ash blends against corrosion
Authors: Rajagopalan Gopalakrishnan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The durability of concrete structures, especially built-in corrosive environments, starts to deteriorate after 20–30 years, even though they have been designed for more than 60 years of service life. The durability of concrete depends on its resistance against a corrosive environment. Inorganic Polymer concrete, or geopolymer concrete, has been emerging as a new engineering material with the potential to form an alternative to conventional concrete for the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to conduct the investigation on corrosion of the geopolymer materials prepared using GGBS blended with low calcium fly ash in different percentages and sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate as activators and cured in ambient conditions (25±5°C).

Design/methodology/approach

GGBS was replaced by fly ash at different levels from 0 to 50 percent in a constant concentration of 12M. The main parameters of this study are the evaluation of strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete and resistance against corrosion by conducting accelerated corrosion test (Florida method).

Findings

From the test results it is observed that the strength of the geopolymer concrete with GGBS in ambient curing performs well compared to geopolymer concrete with GGBS blended with fly ash. The GPCE sample (40 percent replacement of fly ash to GGBS) shows better results and the resistance against corrosion was good, compared to all other mixes.

Research limitations/implications

The outcomes of this investigation will be useful for the researchers and the construction industry.

Practical implications

This paper results that optimum percentage of fly ash should be blended with GGBS against the corrosion attack. This investigation indicates that GGBS without the combination of fly ash can be utilized in a normal environment. These findings will definitely be useful for the ready-mix concrete manufacturers and the construction Industry.

Social implications

Disposal of industrial wastes causes pollution to the environment. Industrial wastes are utilized for the production of geopolymer concrete, which is the alternative material for the construction industry.

Originality/value

From the observation of the previous literature, till now there was no investigation on geopolymer concrete for corrosion under ambient curing conditions, as such this investigation could be considered as the new investigation.
The impact of R&D workforce diversity on firm’s performance in internal and external R&D
Authors: Bae Sung Joo , Han Sangyun
Published: July 2019

Purpose

How should managers organize their R&D workforce in order to maximize the benefit of internal R&D and R&D outsourcing strategy? The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of R&D workforce diversity on firms’ performance when the firms use internal and external knowledge acquired from R&D outsourcing. Diversity of R&D employees as R&D workforce can enable firms to utilize the knowledge of internal R&D and internalize the external knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data analysis with fixed effects is used. The authors conduct hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test the moderating effect of R&D workforce diversity with 10,401 data from Korean manufacturing firms.

Findings

This study finds out that age and education diversity of R&D workforce have positive moderating effects on the relationship between the R&D outsourcing and firm performance. In contrast, internal R&D is negatively associated with firm performance when the age diversity of R&D workforce increases. The results point to the significant role of R&D workforce diversity in R&D unit since firms often use both internal R&D and external R&D.

Practical implications

For practical implications to be more effective, CEOs and managers of firms should employ differentiated approaches to manage the diversity of R&D workforce based on whether they primarily focus on their internal R&D or utilize external R&D.

Originality/value

This research extends recent efforts to better understand the effect of organizational diversity on the firms’ performance when firms use internal R&D and R&D outsourcing strategy.
Managerial perceptions of cost-system obsolescence and factors that might affect it
Authors: Cengiz Emre , Cengiz Funda , Cavusoglu Muhittin , Cobanoglu Cihan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aims to report the descriptive statistics of cost-system obsolescence (CSO) in the Turkish hotel industry and contingent factors that affect the CSO.

Design/methodology/approach

To validate the reflective measurement model, first, an exploratory factor analysis in statistical package for social sciences was conducted. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood in analysis of moment structures was performed to establish the reliability and validity of the construct measurements.

Findings

The results demonstrate that CSO symptoms did not occur frequently in sample Turkish hotels. Turkish hotels were found to operate in intense competition and a significant relationship between competition intensity (CI) and CSO takes place. The hospitability industry has been perceived as rather uncertain. However, perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) had no significant effect on CSO, and there was no mediation effect on the relationship between CI and CSO. Turkish hotels were found to perform market-orientated activities at a mediocre level. However, no significant relationship was found between market orientation (MO) and CSO. Additionally, Turkish hotels with decentralized decision-making structures and “prospector-type” strategies were found to have less CSO. On average, Turkish hotels have centralized decision-making structures and pursue “analyzer-type” strategies.

Practical implications

This study contributes to previous literature related to accounting information in the hotel industry. It also aims to give additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, decision-making structures and strategies and their association with CSO.

Originality/value

The study examined CSO in the Turkish hotel industry and factors that affect CSO. The study results provide additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, hotel structure and strategy. A new model to test CSO was created and validated using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Power loss reduction in timing chain drives by adjusted tensioning and surface structuring
Authors: Sauer Bernd , Krupp Frederik , Becker Andre
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Energy losses in a timing chain drives are caused by friction in chain-rail contacts. To improve the efficiency, the Chair of Machine Elements and Transmission Technology at the University of Kaiserslautern developed various experimental and simulative analysis tools as a part of the German Research Foundation (DFG)-funded 1551 priority program and the DFG Collaborative Research Centre CRC 926. With these tools, various approaches for improving the efficiency were investigated. This paper aims to illustrate the approaches and present the results achieved within the framework of the above-mentioned priority program.

Design/methodology/approach

A towed cylinder head test rig is used for efficiency tests on timing chain drives. In addition to the experiments, a multi-body simulation model of the timing drive was developed and used.

Findings

It was possible to find positive approaches to reduce friction power by adapting the chain tensioning force as required. This was ensured for both the stationary operating points and the transient operating processes. An efficiency improvement of up to 10 per cent could be detected. Furthermore, a possibility was found to improve the frictional power by a targeted lubrication of the chain-rail contact. Here, the efficiency could be improved by 5-6 per cent. In addition, various structures were examined on a microscopic and macroscopic level. Neutral to negative results were achieved here.

Originality/value

This paper makes a contribution to improve the energy efficiency of timing chain drives. Different approaches have been investigated and evaluated.
Robots in special education: reasons for low uptake
Authors: Galvez Trigo Maria Jose , Standen Penelope Jane , Cobb Sue Valerie Gray
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the main reasons for low uptake of robots in special education (SE), obtained from an analysis of previous studies that used robots in the area, and from interviewing SE teachers about the topic.

Design/methodology/approach

An analysis of 18 studies that used robots in SE was performed, and the conclusions were complemented and compared with the feedback from interviewing 13 SE teachers from Spain and the UK about the reasons they believed caused the low uptake of robots in SE classrooms.

Findings

Five main reasons why SE schools do not normally use robots in their classrooms were identified: the inability to acquire the system due to its price or availability; its difficulty of use; the low range of activities offered; the limited ways of interaction offered; and the inability to use different robots with the same software.

Originality/value

Previous studies focussed on exploring the advantages of using robots to help children with autism spectrum conditions and learning disabilities. This study takes a step further and looks into the reasons why, despite the benefits shown, robots are rarely used in real-life settings after the relevant study ends. The authors also present a potential solution to the issues found: involving end users in the design and development of new systems using a user-centred design approach for all the components, including methods of interaction, learning activities and the most suitable type of robots.
Expatriate time to proficiency: individual antecedents and the moderating effect of home country
Authors: Waxin Marie-France , Brewster Chris , Ashill Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct impact of individual variables (cultural openness, social orientation, willingness to communicate, confidence in own technical abilities, active stress resistance, prior international experience) on expatriate time to proficiency (TTP); and the moderating effects of the home country on the relationships between these individual variables and expatriate TTP.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a quantitative, self-administered questionnaire to gather data from assigned expatriates from different countries in India, analysed through partial least squares.

Findings

The findings show that, first, four individual variables, i.e. social orientation, willingness to communicate, confidence in technical abilities and active stress resistance reduce expatriate TTP in the global sample. Second, the individual antecedents of expatriate TTP vary significantly across home countries.

Research limitations/implications

The results confirm the importance of individual antecedents in explaining expatriate TTP and the importance of context in the study of expatriates’ cross-cultural effectiveness. The authors also propose new, shorter measures for the individual antecedents.

Practical implications

The practical implications for HRM professionals relate mainly to selection and cross-cultural training. Expatriates may also get a better understanding of the individual and contextual variables that impact their TTP.

Originality/value

The authors show that individual antecedents interact with context, here home country, to predict expatriate TTP in an under-researched host country, India.
Designing a customer-experience-management model for the banking-services sector
Authors: Heshmati Ebrahim , Saeednia Hamidreza , Badizadeh Ali
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an appropriate model for customer-experience management (CEM) for the banking-services sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method used in this study is qualitative. Techniques used for data collection and data analysis are based on the grounded theory method and include open, axial and selective coding to develop a hierarchical model. Information and data, based initially on concepts in the literature, are gathered as open code through expert interviews with 11 academic and 20 industry experts from Iran. Research data are classified and filtered by micro and macro categories and validated and edited to provide the final model.

Findings

The final model of the study is based on expecting, conceptual and caretaking factors. Micro dimensions and related propositions for the banking industry are also identified.

Research limitations/implications

The final model should have practical uses in the banking sector, enabling banking managers to successfully incorporate CEM into their strategy by focusing on the key elements.

Originality/value

The development of a model to measure customer experience is an important indicator for performance improvements in the banking industry. This is one of the few papers to propose an appropriate model for CEM for the banking-services sector and the first to do so in an Iranian context.
The role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research
Authors: Hartt Christopher M. , Mills Albert J. , Helms Mills Jean
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to study the role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research through a case study of the trajectory of the New Deal as one of the foremost institutions in the USA since its inception in the early 1930s.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors follow the trajectory of the New Deal through a focus on Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Drawing on ANTi-History, the authors view history as a powerful discourse for organizing understandings of the past and non-corporeal Actants as a key influence on making sense of (past) events.

Findings

The authors conclude that non-corporeal Actants influence the shaping of management and organization studies that serve paradoxically to obfuscate history and its relationship to the past.

Research limitations/implications

The authors drew on a series of published studies of Henry Wallace and archival material in the Roosevelt Library, but the study would benefit from an in-depth analysis of the Wallace archives.

Practical implications

The authors reveal the influences of non-corporeal Actants as a method for dealing with the past. The authors do this through the use of ANTi-History as a method of historical analysis.

Social implications

The past is an important source of understanding of the present and future; this innovative approach increases the potential to understand.

Originality/value

Decisions are often black boxes. Non-Corporeal Actants are a new tool with which to see the underlying inputs of choice.
Non-profit institutions: professionalism, accountability and civic-engagement
Authors: Civitillo Renato
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Non-profit sector management represent a research topic particularly discussed. This work tries to introduce a potential reaction to the need of managerial techniques and instruments to enhance the comprehension of the phenomenon and to accomplish a more powerful management of Non-profit institutions (NPIs).

Design/methodology/approach

The complexity of non-profit sector can be useful for identifying the ideal trajectories of a theoretical model of reference for the management of NPIs.

Findings

The main purpose is to outline a probable path for the evolution of the non-profit sector management (at the macroeconomic level) and of NPIs that are part of it (at the microeconomic level) and whose main dimensions are: professionalization, civic-engagement and accountability/corporate social responsibility.

Originality/value

This research tries to fill the gap existing in the international literature and the relative absence of systemic approaches to the management of NPIs, often focused only on some specific aspects of an extremely complex and multifaceted phenomenon.
Risk assessment for the industrial network based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets
Authors: Ren Chao , Liu Xiaoxing , Zhang Zongqing
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk evaluation method for the industrial network under high uncertain environment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces an extended safety and critical effect analysis (SCEA) method, which takes the weight of each industry in a network into risk assessment. Furthermore, expert experience and fuzzy logic are introduced for the evaluation of other parameters.

Findings

The proposed approach not only develops weight as the fifth parameter in quantitative risk assessment but also applies the interval type-2 fuzzy sets to depict the uncertainty in the risk evaluation process. The risk rating of each parameter excluding weight is determined by using the interval type-2 fuzzy numbers. The risk magnitude of each industry in the network is quantified by the extended SCEA method.

Research limitations/implications

There is less study in quantitative risk assessment in the industrial network. Additionally, fuzzy logic and expert experience are expressed in the presented approach. Moreover, different parameters can be determined by different weights in network risk assessment in the future study.

Originality/value

The extended SCEA method presents a new way to measure risk magnitude for industrial networks. The industrial network is developed in risk quantification by assessing weights of nodes as a parameter into the extended SCEA. The interval type-2 fuzzy number is introduced to model the uncertainty of risk assessment and to express the risk evaluation information from experts.
The central roles of embeddedness and engagement in virtual communities
Authors: Chiu Chao-Min , Fu Chia-Yun , Lin Wei-Yu , Chen Chieh-Fan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how to promote members’ beneficial behaviors toward other members and toward the virtual community (VC). The authors extend Rayet al.’s (2014) framework by developing a more precise definition of community embeddedness, and determining how such embeddedness relates to social support and community engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the proposed research model using data collected from 333 users of online social support communities/groups dedicated to sharing knowledge about pregnancy and child care. Partial least squares is used to analyze the measurement and structural models.

Findings

The study shows that embeddedness and engagement are significant determinants of willingness to help others and willingness to help the community. Embeddedness has a strong, positive effect on engagement. Social support positively affects community identification and embeddedness. However, community identification does not have a significant effect on engagement.

Research limitations/implications

Some of the findings, such as the relative importance of embeddedness in fostering willingness to help the community and the relative importance of engagement in fostering willingness to help others, might not be generalizable to VCs where members join for fun and sharing interests.

Practical implications

Although knowledge contributors could self-derive some drivers of embeddedness and engagement, managers or hosts of VCs should develop strategies and mechanisms to provide or enhance the value they add to knowledge sharing and other beneficial behaviors, even though such added value might be largely intangible.

Social implications

Social support plays an important role in shaping an individual’s embeddedness within a VC. Managers of VCs should develop strategies to stimulate exchanges of support among members.

Originality/value

The authors believe that community embeddedness plays a more important role than engagement in shaping the VC’s success and effectiveness. However, the extant VC literature has indicated a relatively weak understanding of the notion of community embeddedness. This study intends to fill that void.
3D waveform inversion of downhole microseismic data for transversely isotropic media
Authors: Michel Oscar Jarillo , Tsvankin Ilya
Published: July 2019

3D anisotropic waveform inversion could provide high‐resolution velocity models and improved event locations for microseismic surveys. Here we extend our previously developed 2D inversion methodology for microseismic borehole data to 3D transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis. This extension allows us to invert multicomponent data recorded in multiple boreholes and properly account for vertical and lateral heterogeneity. Synthetic examples illustrate the performance of the algorithm for layer‐cake and ‘hydraulically fractured’ (i.e. containing anomalies that simulate hydraulic fractures) models. In both cases, waveform inversion is able to reconstruct the areas which are sufficiently illuminated for the employed source‐receiver geometry. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of the algorithm to errors in the source locations and to band‐limited noise in the input displacements. We also present initial inversion results for a microseismic data set acquired during hydraulic fracturing in a shale reservoir.
Noninvasive fetal genotyping in pregnancies at risk for PKU using a comprehensive quantitative cSMART assay for PAH gene mutations: a clinical feasibility study
Authors: Lv W , Li Z , Wei X , Zhu H , Teng Y , Zhou M , Gong Y , Cram DS , Liang D , Han L , Wu L
Published: July 2019

Objective

To assess the diagnostic performance of a novel circulating single molecule amplification and re‐sequencing technology (cSMART) method for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of Phenylketonuria (PKU).

Design

Blinded NIPT analysis of pregnancies at high risk for PKU.

Setting

Shanghai Xinhua Hospital and Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, China.

Population

Couples (n = 33) with a child diagnosed with PKU.

Methods

Trio testing for pathogenic PAH mutations was performed by Sanger sequencing. In second pregnancies, invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) was used to determine fetal genotypes. NIPT was performed using a PAH gene‐specific cSMART assay. Based on the plasma DNA mutation ratio relative to the fetal DNA fraction, fetal genotypes were assigned using a maximum‐likelihood algorithm.

Main outcome measures

Concordance of fetal genotyping results between IPD and NIPT, and the sensitivity and specificity of the NIPT assay.

Results

Compared with gold standard IPD results, 32 of 33 fetuses (96.97%) were accurately genotyped by NIPT. The sensitivity and specificity of the NIPT assay was 100.00% (95% CI 59.04–100.00%) and 96.15% (95% CI 80.36–99.90%), respectively.

Conclusions

The novel cSMART assay demonstrated high accuracy for correctly calling fetal genotypes. We propose that this test has useful clinical utility for the rapid screening of high‐risk and low‐risk pregnancies with a known history of PKU on one or both sides of the family.

Tweetable abstract

NIPT of couples at high risk for PKU using a full‐coverage cSMART PAH gene test.
SPIKEPIPE: A metagenomic pipeline for the accurate quantification of eukaryotic species occurrences and intraspecific abundance change using DNA barcodes or mitogenomes
Authors: Ji Yinqiu , Huotari Tea , Roslin Tomas , Schmidt Niels Martin , Wang Jiaxin , Yu Douglas W. , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: July 2019

The accurate quantification of eukaryotic species abundances from bulk samples remains a key challenge for community ecology and environmental biomonitoring. We resolve this challenge by combining shotgun sequencing, mapping to reference DNA barcodes or to mitogenomes, and three correction factors: (a) a percent‐coverage threshold to filter out false positives, (b) an internal‐standard DNA spike‐in to correct for stochasticity during sequencing, and (c) technical replicates to correct for stochasticity across sequencing runs. The SPIKEPIPE pipeline achieves a strikingly high accuracy of intraspecific abundance estimates (in terms of DNA mass) from samples of known composition (mapping to barcodes R2 = .93, mitogenomes R2 = .95) and a high repeatability across environmental‐sample replicates (barcodes R2 = .94, mitogenomes R2 = .93). As proof of concept, we sequence arthropod samples from the High Arctic, systematically collected over 17 years, detecting changes in species richness, species‐specific abundances, and phenology. SPIKEPIPE provides cost‐efficient and reliable quantification of eukaryotic communities.
Impacts of FDI and Remittance Inflows in Developing Asia: A Comparative Dynamic Panel Study
Authors: Sinha Madhabendra , Tirtosuharto Darius , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: July 2019

The paper explores the macroeconomic impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittance inflows in developing Asia. Asian developing economies are identified as the highest receiver of remittances and the region has also been consistently performing well in receiving of FDI inflows. As an external source of capital formation, inflows of FDI and remittances affect foreign exchange rates and output. This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of FDI and remittances on real effective exchange rates and GDP in Asian developing countries using data over the period of 1981‐2015. Dynamic panel GMM technique is employed to overcome the endogeneity issue. Findings imply that both inflows of FDI and remittances have positive and significant impacts on exchange rates and GDP in developing Asia. Hence, remittances carry greater influence and significant impacts due to relatively stable inflows.
A homozygous ADAMTS2 nonsense mutation in a Doberman Pinscher dog with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and extreme skin fragility
Authors: Jaffey J. A. , Bullock G. , Teplin E. , Guo J. , Villani N. A. , Mhlanga‐Mutangadura T. , Schnabel R. D. , Cohn L. A. , Johnson G. S.
Published: July 2019

An eight‐week old Doberman Pinscher was diagnosed with Ehlers Danlos syndrome based on the dog's hyper‐mobile carpal, tarsal and stifle joints and abnormal skin. The skin was loose and hyper‐elastic with several wounds and large atrophic scars. The dog was euthanized after a severe degloving injury from minimal trauma. A whole‐genome sequence, generated with DNA from the dog's blood, contained a rare, homozygous C‐to‐T transition at position 2408978 on chromosome 11. This transition is predicted to alter the ADAMTS2 transcript (ADAMTS2:c.769C>T) and encode a nonsense mutation (p.Arg257Ter). Biallelic ADAMTS2 mutations have caused a type of Ehlers Danlos syndrome known as dermatosparaxis in other species.
Axillary traction: An effective method of resolving shoulder dystocia
Authors: Ansell Lesley , Ansell David Alan , McAra‐Couper Judith , Larmer Peter John , Garrett Nicholas Kenneth Gerald
Published: July 2019

Background

At Counties Manukau Health in Auckland, New Zealand, axillary traction is being used when an internal manoeuvre is required for resolution of shoulder dystocia.

Aims

This study presents the outcomes for mother and baby from use of axillary traction and other internal manoeuvres.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of the clinical records of mother and baby for all labours complicated by shoulder dystocia was carried out for an eight‐year period. Maternal and neonatal information were compared for the three cohorts of the first internal manoeuvre documented: axillary traction, posterior arm delivery and rotational manoeuvres.

Results

There were 226 women who required the use of internal manoeuvres with no significant differences in age, body mass index, parity, ethnicity, diabetes incidence, induction and augmentation of labour rates, length of the first stage and birth weight between the cohorts. Axillary traction was the first internal manoeuvre used for 119 (52.7%) with a success rate of 95.8%. Posterior arm delivery was used first for 49 (21.7%) women with a success rate of 85.7%. Rotational manoeuvres were used first for 58 (25.7%) women with a statistically inferior success rate of 48.3%. There was no significant difference in the maternal and neonatal complication rates between the cohorts.

Conclusion

Axillary traction has been utilised as the first internal manoeuvre for a large number of women with a higher success rate than other internal manoeuvres without any increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity. It is recommended that this be the first internal manoeuvre attempted when shoulder dystocia occurs.
Association between early amniotomy in labour induction and severe maternal and neonatal morbidity
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Glover Angelica V. , Stamilio David M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Amniotomy is a commonly used, inexpensive method of labour induction; however, the optimal timing of amniotomy during labour induction is debated.

Aims

To investigate whether artificial rupture of membranes <4 cm dilation is associated with caesarean, severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, and labour induction duration.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 228 438 deliveries at 19 US hospitals. Women with a viable, singleton gestation undergoing induction ≥37 weeks with cervical dilation <4 cm were included. Women were excluded if membranes spontaneously ruptured <4 cm. Women were compared by early amniotomy (<4 cm dilation) versus not early. The primary outcome was caesarean. Secondary outcomes included severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, and labour duration. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression estimated the association between early amniotomy and study outcomes.

Results

Of 15 525 eligible women, 10 421 (67%) had early amniotomy. Early amniotomy was associated with higher adjusted odds of caesarean and severe maternal morbidity, but not neonatal morbidity. After accounting for interaction, early amniotomy was associated with increasingly higher odds of caesarean as body mass index increased. Early amniotomy was associated with lower odds of severe maternal morbidity among multiparas with mechanical ripening. Median labour induction was 2.5 h shorter with early amniotomy, significant in hazard regression.

Conclusions

Early amniotomy was associated with increased odds of caesarean among obese women. The association between early amniotomy and severe maternal morbidity varied by maternal characteristics, but early amniotomy was not associated with neonatal morbidity. Early amniotomy in labour induction may be advantageous in certain populations, particularly non‐obese women requiring mechanical ripening.