bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between carotid blood flow and resting-state brain activity in patients with cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Hoshi Hideyuki , Hirata Yoko , Ichikawa Sayuri , Fukasawa Keisuke , Gonda Tomoyuki , Poza Jesús , Rodríguez-González Víctor , Gómez Carlos , Shigihara Yoshihito
Published: July 2021

Cerebral hypoperfusion impairs brain activity and leads to cognitive impairment. Left and right common carotid arteries (CCA) are the major source of cerebral blood supply. It remains unclear whether blood flow in both CCA contributes equally to brain activity. Here, CCA blood flow was evaluated using ultrasonography in 23 patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Resting-state brain activity and cognitive status were also assessed using magnetoencephalography and a cognitive subscale of the Functional Independence Measure, respectively, to explore the relationships between blood flow, functional brain activity, and cognitive status. Our findings indicated that there was an association between blood flow and resting-state brain activity, and between resting-state brain activity and cognitive status. However, blood flow was not significantly associated with cognitive status directly. Furthermore, blood velocity in the right CCA correlated with resting-state brain activity, but not with the resistance index. In contrast, the resistance index in the left CCA correlated with resting-state brain activity, but not with blood velocity. Our findings suggest that hypoperfusion is important in the right CCA, whereas cerebral microcirculation is important in the left CCA for brain activity. Hence, this asymmetry should be considered when designing appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Evolution of a neuromuscular sexual dimorphism in the Drosophila montium species group
Authors: Liang Han-qing , Katoh Toru , Sato Kosei , Yamamoto Daisuke , Wen Shuo-yang
Published: July 2021

While epigamic traits likely evolve via sexual selection, the mechanism whereby internal sexual dimorphism arises remains less well understood. Seeking clues as to how the internal sexual dimorphism evolved, we compared the abdominal musculature of 41 Drosophila montium group species, to determine whether any of these species carry a male-specific muscle of Lawrence (MOL). Our quantitative analysis revealed that the size of a sexually dimorphic MOL analog found in 19 montium group species varied widely from species to species, suggesting the gradual evolution of this sexually dimorphic neuromuscular trait. We attempted the ancestral state reconstitution for the presence or absence of the neuromuscular sexual dimorphism in the A5 segment; the neuromuscular sexual dimorphism existed in an old ancestor of the montium group, which was lost in some of the most recent common ancestors of derived lineages, and subsequently some species regained it. This loss-and-gain history was not shared by evolutionary changes in the courtship song pattern, even though both traits were commonly regulated by the master regulator male-determinant protein FruM. It is envisaged that different sets of FruM target genes may serve for shaping the song and MOL characteristics, respectively, and, as a consequence, each phenotypic trait underwent a distinct evolutionary path.
An octa-band planar monopole antenna for portable communication devices
Authors: Azim Rezaul , Alam Touhidul , Mia Md Sharif , Almutairi Ali F. , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: July 2021

Due to the rapid development of wireless communication systems, good numbers of services and devices use different frequency bands and protocols. To concurrently cover all these services, the antenna in communication devices should operate over multiple frequency bands. The use of wide and multi-band antennas not only reduces the number of antennas necessary to cover multiple frequency bands but also lessens the system complexity, size, and costs. To operate over eight frequency bands to cover sixteen well-established narrow service bands, a planar monopole antenna is proposed for portable communication devices. The proposed antenna is comprised of an inverted F-shaped monopole patch with a rotated L-shaped strip and an F-shaped ground strip with a rotated L-shaped branch. The studied antenna can excite at multiple resonant modes which helps it to achieve eight measured operating bands of 789–921 MHz, 1367–1651 MHz, 1995–2360 MHz, 2968–3374 MHz, 3546–3707, 4091–4405 MHz, 4519–5062 MHz and 5355–6000 MHz. The achieved measured operating bands can cover sixteen popular narrow service bands for 4G/3G/2G, MWT, WiFi, WiMAX, WLAN, and sub-6 GHz 5G wireless communication system. The studied antenna achieved good gain, efficiency and exhibits stable radiation characteristics. Moreover, the antenna does not use any lumped element and left ample space for other circuitries which makes it easier to use in portable devices such as tablets, laptops, etc. with low manufacturing cost.
Rhizospheric Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) strains exhibit bile salt hydrolysis, hypocholestrolemic and probiotic capabilities in vitro
Authors: Singhal Neelja , Singh Nambram Somendro , Mohanty Shilpa , Kumar Manish , Virdi Jugsharan Singh
Published: July 2021

Lactobacillus plantarum (renamed as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) has been isolated from many sources but very rarely from rhizospheric soil. This is the first report on isolation and assessment of probiotic capabilities of L. plantarum strains isolated from rhizospheric soil. The isolates were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named as NS14, NS16 and NGG. All the isolates were evaluated for bile salt hydrolysis, hypocholestrolemic potential and probiotic attributes. Our results indicated that all the strains harboured bsh and showed in vitro cholesterol assimilation capabilities which increased when bile salts were also present in the culture medium. Also, all the strains remained viable at high temperatures and in the presence of NaCl, lysozyme, simulated gastric juice, bile salts and, exhibited auto- and co-aggregation capabilities. Additionally, L. plantarum strain NS14 survived in the presence of phenols, acidic environment (pH 2–3) and was resistant to many clinically relevant antibiotics. Since, L. plantarum NS14 exhibited most of the desirable and essential characteristics of a probiotic it should be further investigated as a potent probiotic with an additional benefit as a hypocholesterolemic biotherapeutic. Moreover, rhizosphere can be explored as a useful ecological niche for isolating microorganisms with biotechnological and probiotic potential.
Mapping each pre-existing condition’s association to short-term and long-term COVID-19 complications
Authors: Venkatakrishnan A. J. , Pawlowski Colin , Zemmour David , Hughes Travis , Anand Akash , Berner Gabriela , Kayal Nikhil , Puranik Arjun , Conrad Ian , Bade Sairam , Barve Rakesh , Sinha Purushottam , O‘Horo John C. , Badley Andrew D. , Halamka John , Soundararajan Venky
Published: July 2021

Understanding the relationships between pre-existing conditions and complications of COVID-19 infection is critical to identifying which patients will develop severe disease. Here, we leverage ~1.1 million clinical notes from 1803 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and deep neural network models to characterize associations between 21 pre-existing conditions and the development of 20 complications (e.g. respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and hematologic) of COVID-19 infection throughout the course of infection (i.e. 0–30 days, 31–60 days, and 61–90 days). Pleural effusion was the most frequent complication of early COVID-19 infection (89/1803 patients, 4.9%) followed by cardiac arrhythmia (45/1803 patients, 2.5%). Notably, hypertension was the most significant risk factor associated with 10 different complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac arrhythmia, and anemia. The onset of new complications after 30 days is rare and most commonly involves pleural effusion (31–60 days: 11 patients, 61–90 days: 9 patients). Lastly, comparing the rates of complications with a propensity-matched COVID-negative hospitalized population confirmed the importance of hypertension as a risk factor for early-onset complications. Overall, the associations between pre-COVID conditions and COVID-associated complications presented here may form the basis for the development of risk assessment scores to guide clinical care pathways.
Use of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles in Modern Separation Techniques
Authors: Shukla Saurabh , Khan Ramsha , Saxena Abhishek , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: July 2021

Nanotechnology has emerged as an integration of innovative development and applied management of materials at the nanoscale. It has been inclusively developed in multidisciplinary fields like industrial waste management, water, and soil pollution management, biomedical, and biochemistry. Analytical chemistry and nanotechnology in conjunction have proven to be very effective in simplifying various analytical chemical processes. The analytical techniques have improved the existing methodologies through development of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials, magnetic composites etc. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) for the separation of biomolecules and biochemical assays has given efficient results, leading to higher employment of NPs in separation techniques since the last decade. Nanomaterials in the size range of 1–2 nm have found applications in chromatographic techniques including conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), etc. Some of the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) include the controllable fluid motion in microsystems for chromatographical separation methodologies. Moreover, MNPs also remain unaffected by variables like concentration, pH and surface charges, etc. Thus, a very wide spectrum of academics and researchers have acknowledged the benefits of functionalized MNPs, and promoted their employment as highly efficient modern separation tools.
Functionalized MNPs in Detection Stage of Analysis/Miniaturization Devices
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
Published: July 2021

Nanoscience is one of the most important research and development frontiers in modern science. The use of nanoparticle (NP) materials offers many advantages due to their unique size and physical properties. Of these, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest for researchers from a wide range of disciplines. While a number of suitable methods have been developed for the synthesis of MNPs, the application of such MNPs in catalysis, biotechnology, and sensing in chemical analysis, is highly dependent on molecular level functionalization of MNPs with other nanoparticles or various ligand molecules. Prepared MNP-based nanomaterials can be used for fabrication of miniaturized sensing devices. However, surface functionalization of MNPs by appropriate functional groups is essential for application of MNPs in the aforementioned areas. In this chapter, current methodologies for functionalization of MNPs for this goal are presented and recent publications in this field are summarized and discussed.
Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle-based Sensors for Point-of-care Applications: From the Preparation to Practical Applications
Authors: Ulu Ahmet , Ates Burhan
Published: July 2021

Nanomaterial-based sensors have widely been utilized as promising platforms in multidisciplinary areas such as scientific, technology, biomedical, materials science, and engineering fields for detection applications. Among them, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles containing both inorganic and organic components are unique as a cost-effective and simple detection method because of the low detection limits, wide linearity, high sensitivity, reliable and rapid response, etc. Recent years witnessed that point-of-care systems exhibited a significant role in the diagnostics of different diseases since point-of-care sensors allow rapid detection of analytes in diagnosis, monitoring, and management of diseases. This chapter focuses on the preparation of functionalized magnetic nanoparticle-based sensors and highlights their point-of-care applications. Herein, we demonstrate the versatility and advantages of using functionalized magnetic particles with different analyte types and measurement method approaches over the past 3 to 5 years. Lastly, we believe that this chapter will provide valuable information and perspective for interested researchers.
Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and Functionalized MNPs
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: July 2021

Today we are witnessing a huge revolution, defined as the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). Researchers from all over the world are studying the functioning of human intelligence, in order to apply it to machines, computers, and applications; digitization is changing the global industry. Machines are becoming a fundamental aid to humans, with collaborations leading to an increase in overall efficiency. The use of smart appliances will generate improvement in all areas. Nanotechnologies, in synergy with other enabling technologies, are considered fundamental to support innovation and development processes and to promote the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in the near future, allowing the creation of improved or completely innovative products and processes with high added value. Thanks to nanotechnologies, new materials have been developed with surprising functions, full protagonists of the fourth industrial revolution. These smart materials are characterized by the ability to perform new and more complex functions, even simultaneously. Wearable technologies are designed starting from the concept of Ambient Intelligence, i.e., the scenario of interaction between humans and computational systems. Fully integrated into Industry 4.0 and combined with wireless technologies (Wireless Sensing), wearable technologies are excellent tools for collecting and using huge amounts of data. They are destined to provide an important support for the management of maintenance, training, control and supervision in complex systems. Nanoparticles allow us to obtain materials with new chemical, physical and mechanical properties and to create surface treatments able to provide a conventional material with characteristics that would otherwise not be obtainable. They are also very important in nanomedicine.
Important Aspects of Safety, Risk & ELSI of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Analytical Purposes
Authors: Çïtoğlu Senem , Yüce Fatma Gözde , Duran Hatïce
Published: July 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest in analytical chemistry applications due to their unique magnetic properties, which have the potential to improve the performance of existing methodologies. They can be used for effective diagnosis and treatment of various diseases as well as water remediation applications. However, in many of these applications, the surfaces of the MNPs need to be modified. Meanwhile, increasing production and applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) is raising some concerns about their impacts and potential risks on the environment and to living organisms. The physical characteristics of MNPs such as size, shape and surface chemistry play a decisive role on their toxicity. Their size which is comparable with biomolecules allows them to penetrate the cell membrane easily, to diffuse from blood vessels and to be sequestered into various body systems. Therefore, toxicity assessment is a critical point in the development of FMNPs. This chapter focuses on major points concerning FMNP toxicity, and explain mechanisms responsible for FMNP toxicity and possible scenarios regarding the environmental and human hazards and risks issues of FMNPs, and then will address some of the most recent studies on in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the FMNPs with potential use for the analytical applications.
Future of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Khan Ramsha , Shukla Saurabh , Daverey Achlesh , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: July 2021

The development of any society is in direct proportion to the advancements employed towards the growth of various sectors. The interpretation of the magnetic properties of nanoscale particles is a primary field of interest. The multidisciplinary spectrum of applications for magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has increased their employment in the various fields of geology, physics, medicine, biology etc. The development of nanotechnology in conjunction with molecular biology has directed the evolution of nanoparticles (NPs) with functional characteristics which are more effective than traditional diagnostic and treatment methods. The multidisciplinary applications of NPs have witnessed an emphasized growth in the biomedical field with an increased use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) owing to their magnetic properties. The effective nanostructure construction with modified features of NPs including customized drug release pattern with reduced degrading side effects is a consequence of integrated development. The novel properties of MNPs have led to increased impetus towards their synthesis at the nanometer scale with modified physical and chemical properties. The various types of NPs include metallic and bimetallic with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) being broadly used owing to their less noxious nature. The variance in combinations of synthesis and applications for MNPs in imaging and curative tasks is considerable. Thus, the biomedical field has a wide scope for MNPs with various configurations of physical, chemical, and bioactive properties. Novel methodologies of improvement through synthesis and development of functionalized MNPs with better selectivity and stability etc. are being explored. Consequently, enhanced applications of MNPs will supposedly develop at various levels of analytical processes including remediation, separation, and diagnosis. Some other viable fields of employment for conjunctive MNPs with conventional NPs include microflow analysis etc. Hence, the present role of functionalized MNPs in analytical chemistry paves the way to future potential applications at a very broad level.
Heavy silylchalcogenido lanthanates synthesis Ph4P[Cp3La–ESiMe3] (E = S, Se, and Te) via fluoride-induced demethylation of dimethylcarbonate to Ph4P[OCO2Me] key intermediate
Authors: Guschlbauer Jannick , Vollgraff Tobias , Xie Xiulan , Fetoh Ahmed , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: July 2021

Tetraphenylphosphonium methylcarbonate offers general access towards many so far not accessible naked anion phosphonium salts valuable in the synthesis of highly crystalline metallate complexes.
High-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and solid state NMR spectroscopy of a lead borosilicate with boron–silicon mixing: Pb6B2Si8O25
Authors: Chang Ling-Wei , Lii Kwang-Hwa
Published: July 2021

The structure of this layer borosilicate consists of a double open-branched triple tetrahedron fundamental unit with the formula T8O23(T: B, Si). The boron–silicon mixing in the structure was studied by11B and29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and reactivity of the uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPMe3): influence of the coordinated Lewis base
Authors: Wang Shichun , Heng Yi , Li Tongyu , Hou Guohua , Zi Guofu , Walter Marc D.
Published: July 2021

Small changes in the steric and electronic properties of the coordinated Lewis base ligands significantly change the reactivity of the uranium phosphinidene complexes.
Synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin/carboxymethyl chitosan/hydroxyapatite fused with date seed extract nanocomposite scaffolds for regenerative bone tissue engineering
Authors: Jolly Reshma , Furkan Mohammad , Khan Aijaz Ahmed , Ahmed Syed Sayeed , Alam Sharique , Farooqi Mohd Ahmadullah , Khan Rizwan Hasan , Shakir Mohammad
Published: July 2021

A first report on the fabrication of nanocomposite scaffolds containing nano-hydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin heterojunctions fused with date seed extract for bone tissue engineering applications.
Formation of amorphous PbCrO4 nanoparticles depending on the quantitative control of interfacial water
Authors: Wang Chunli , Zhang Zhihao , Fu Xiaoheng , Zhang Jing , Dhont Jan K. G.
Published: July 2021

By controlling water ratio in the micellar droplets, amorphous nanoparticles can be synthesized in the confined interfacial water, while nanocrystals are produced in the bulk water.
In silico characterization and prediction of thiourea-like neutral bidentate halogen bond catalysts
Authors: Yang Hui , Tan Choon-Hong , Wong Ming Wah
Published: July 2021

Through DFT calculations, thiourea-like halogen bond (XB)-based catalysts, with XB donor moieties connected via covalent bonds, have been designed and applied to Diels–Alder reaction and sulfa-Michael addition.
A three-component reaction of arynes, sodium sulfinates, and aldehydes toward 2-sulfonyl benzyl alcohol derivatives
Authors: Hu Yifan , Huang Yuanting , Zhao Xi , Gao Yang , Li Xianwei , Chen Qian
Published: July 2021

A direct route to 2-sulfonyl benzyl alcohol derivatives is achieved via three-component reactions of arynes, sodium sulfinates and aldehydes.
Reversible step spin crossover modulation via water absorption and dehydration in a 3D Hofmann-type framework
Authors: Lian Kai-Ting , Wu Wei-Wei , Huang Guo-Zhang , Liu Yang , Wu Si-Guo , Ni Zhao-Ping , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: July 2021

Reversible modulations of step spin crossover behaviors are achieved in a 3D Hofmann-type framework via water absorption and dehydration.
A supramolecular dual-donor artificial light-harvesting system with efficient visible light-harvesting capacity
Authors: Hu Yi-Xiong , Jia Pei-Pei , Zhang Chang-Wei , Xu Xing-Dong , Niu Yanfei , Zhao Xiaoli , Xu Qian , Xu Lin , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: July 2021

A supramolecular dual-donor artificial light-harvesting system with efficient visible light-harvesting capacity was constructed through the hierarchical self-assembly approach.
Iron-catalyzed C–F bond silylation and borylation of fluoroarenes
Authors: Sun Minghui , Tao Maoling , Zhao Liang , Li Weipiao , Liu Zhengli , He Chun-Yang , Feng Zhang
Published: July 2021

Iron-catalyzed functionalization of inert bonds has scarcely been documented.
Large-scale synthesis of a monophosphonated tetrathiatriarylmethyl spin probe for concurrent in vivo measurement of pO2, pH and inorganic phosphate by EPR
Authors: Gluth Teresa D. , Poncelet Martin , DeVience Stephen , Gencheva Marieta , Hoblitzell Emily. H. , Khramtsov Valery V. , Eubank Timothy D. , Driesschaert Benoit
Published: July 2021

We report a new strategy for the synthesis of a mono-phosphonated triarylmethyl radical spin probe and a standalone application with a user-friendly interface for automatic spectrum fitting and extraction of pO2, pH, and [Pi] values.
Impact of structure, doping and defect-engineering in 2D materials on CO2 capture and conversion
Authors: Jelmy E. J. , Thomas Nishanth , Mathew Dhanu Treasa , Louis Jesna , Padmanabhan Nisha T. , Kumaravel Vignesh , John Honey , Pillai Suresh C.
Published: July 2021

2D material based strategies for adsorption and conversion of CO2 to value-added products.
Electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism investigation of V2O5 positive electrode material for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wang Jiaqi , Sarapulova Angelina , Zhu Lihua , Missyul Alexander , Welter Edmund , Luo Xianlin , Ding Ziming , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut , Dsoke Sonia
Published: July 2021

V2O5 undergoes two-phase reaction during the 1st cycle, accompanied by the formation and decomposition of byproducts.
A POSS-assisted fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of HClO in mitochondria with a large emission wavelength in dual channels
Authors: Ding Guowei , Zuo Yujing , Gai Fengqing , Wang Xiaoni , Gou Zhiming , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2021

NIR fluorescent dual emission probe based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) for rapid detecting mitochondrial HClO.
Correction: A short PEG linker alters the in vivo pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab to yield high-contrast immuno-PET images
Authors: Lee Woonghee , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Kim Jung Young , Park Hyun , Bhise Abhinav , Kim Wanook , Lee Kiwoong , Rajkumar Subramani , Nam Bora , Lee Kyo Chul , Lee Sang Hyuk , Ko Sanghwan , Lee Hye Jin , Jung Sang Taek , Yoo Jeongsoo
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘A short PEG linker alters the in vivo pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab to yield high-contrast immuno-PET images’ by Woonghee Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 2993–2997, DOI: 10.1039/D0TB02911D.
Doggybones, DNA vaccines and skin-penetrating fluids: whatever it takes to win the fight against cancer
Authors: Short Cinderella , Savelyeva Natalia
Published: July 2021

Nucleic acid-based vaccines have risen in popularity following the success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Growing research in response to the pandemic has now seen DNA vaccines enter the stage, with phase III trials currently underway in India. As with mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines can be made to encode protein or peptides that are thought to be expressed on the surface of pathogens and infected and cancerous cells. With over 17 million people reported to be diagnosed with a cancer worldwide in 2018, cancer continues to impose a very real threat. Although conventional treatments such as chemotherapy have reduced mortality, cancerous cells often evolve, adapting mechanisms that help them survive and evade immune recognition. DNA vaccines present an immunotherapeutic tool that addresses this issue by improving the visibility of cancer cells. Here we discuss the role of DNA vaccines in a dynamic arms race against cancer.
MUSE observations of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Haro 14
Authors: Cairós L. M. , González-Pérez J. N. , Weilbacher P. M. , Manso Sainz R.
Published: July 2021

Investigations of blue compact galaxies (BCGs) are essential to advancing our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. BCGs are low-luminosity, low-metallicity, gas-rich objects that form stars at extremely high rates, meaning they are good analogs to the high-redshift star-forming galaxy population. Being low-mass starburst systems, they also constitute excellent laboratories in which to investigate the star formation process and the interplay between massive stars and their surroundings. This work presents results from integral field spectroscopic observations of the BCG Haro 14 taken with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope in wide-field adaptive optics mode. The large MUSE field of view (1′×1′ = 3.8 × 3.8 kpc2 at the adopted distance of 13 Mpc) enables simultaneous observations of the central starburst and the low-surface-brightness host galaxy, which is a huge improvement with respect to previous integral field spectroscopy of BCGs. From these data we built galaxy maps in continuum and in the brightest emission lines. We also generated synthetic broad-band images in the VRI bands, from which we produced color index maps and surface brightness profiles. We detected numerous clumps spread throughout the galaxy, both in continuum and in emission lines, and produced a catalog with their position, size, and photometry. This analysis allowed us to study the morphology and stellar populations of Haro 14 in detail. The stellar distribution shows a pronounced asymmetry; the intensity peak in continuum is not centered with respect to the underlying stellar host but is displaced by about 500 pc southwest. At the position of the continuum peak we find a bright stellar cluster that with Mv = −12.18 appears as a strong super stellar cluster candidate. We also find a highly asymmetric, blue, but nonionizing stellar component that occupies almost the whole eastern part of the galaxy. We conclude that there are at least three different stellar populations in Haro 14: the current starburst of about 6 Myr; an intermediate-age component of between ten and several hundred million years; and a red and regular host of several gigayears. The pronounced lopsidedness in the continuum and also in the color maps, and the presence of numerous stellar clusters, are consistent with a scenario of mergers or interactions acting in Haro 14.
Position-specific countermovement jump characteristics of elite Women’s Rugby World Cup 2017 athletes
Authors: Heffernan Shane M. , Neville Ross , Waldron Mark , Stewart Ryan , Kilduff Liam P. , Ditroilo Massimiliano , Grainger Adam
Published: July 2021

Rugby union (RU) is an intermittent team sport, with diverse playing positions, played internationally by both men and women. Considerable scientific attention has been devoted to men’s RU, however despite the growth in the women’s professional game, there is a significant lack of available physiological and normative data. The purpose of the present study was to investigate positional variation in countermovement jump characteristics from elite women’s RU players. Qualitative data were collected from women’s Rugby World Cup (2017) competitors (n = 86; age: 27 ± 5 years; body mass: 77.8 ± 10.6 kg; height: 1.69 ± 0.07 cm) and jump data (countermovement jumps) were collected using a 1200 Hz force platform (n = 63). Athletes were divided into positional unit (backs: n = 39 and forwards: n = 47) and by positional subgroups. Backs had greater jump height (ES = 0.72, 95%CL ± 0.50), relative power output (ES = 0.84, 95%CL ± 0.50), relative force production (ES = 0.62, 95%CL ± 0.51) and reactive strength index (RSI; ES = 0.62, 95%CL ± 0.50), compared to forwards (for all,P < 0.02). Backrows, halves and back-three players had greater relative force, relative power and jump height, compared to the front and second rows (P < 0.03; ES > 0.70). These data could aid in programming for long-term player development in women’s RU and could have implications for “readiness” to compete at international level.
A Lacanian supplementation to love in L’Immanence des vérités
Authors: Youngjin Park
Published: July 2021

In L’Immanence des vérités, Alain Badiou rewrites the Platonic allegory of the cave. As the book’s structure reveals, Badiou’s central claim is that truths are absolute, for they are constituted by the dialectic between finitude and infinity, the consequence of which lies in the creation of the œuvre. Although love is often affected by individual difference, family, money, and social norms, philosophy calls for a rupture with these instances of finitude, awakening us to the truth that love is open to the possibility of infinity embodied by contingent encounter, amorous declaration, and the faithful construction of the Two. Badiou calls for subjectivization of this possibility in the form of the amorous œuvre, through and beyond the Lacanian impasse of the sexual non-relationship. This article supplements Badiouian love with Lacanian psychoanalysis by developing five points. First, the binary framework “Lacanian finitude vs Badiouian infinity” can be misleading. Second, Badiou himself regards the unconscious and the analytic discourse as inscribed by the dialectic between finitude and infinity. Third, Lacan allows us to recognize that the œuvre and the waste are not opposed, but rather supplementary to each other. Fourth, for both Lacan and Badiou, love constitutes the interlacing of the non-relationship and the Two. Fifth, the Badiouian amorous absolute must deal with the real of the absolute as the fusional One and thus, can be supplemented by the Lacanian problematic of the sexual relationship in its fantasmatic form of the One. Based on these points, this article elaborates such concepts as the amorous labor, the dialectic between œuvre and waste, and the artisan of love.
Superlattice on the surface of a nanotube
Authors: Ermolaev A. M. , Rashba G. I.
Published: July 2021

The results of theoretical studies of the thermodynamic, kinetic, and high-frequency properties of the electron gas on the surface of a nanotube in a magnetic field in the presence of a longitudinal superlattice are presented. Nano-dimensions of the motion area lead to energy quantization. Its multiply connected structure in the presence of a magnetic field leads to effects that are derived from the Aharonov–Bohm effect. It is shown that the curvature of a nanotube, even in the absence of a magnetic field, causes new macroscopic oscillation effects such as de Haas–van Alphen oscillations, which are associated with the quantization of the transverse electron motion energy and with the root peculiarities of the density of electron states on the nanotube surface. Thermodynamic potentials and heat capacity of the electron gas on the tube are calculated in the gas approximation. The Kubo formula for the conductivity tensor of the electron gas on the nanotube surface is obtained. The Landau damping regions of electromagnetic waves on a tube are determined and the beats are theoretically predicted on the graph of the dependence of conductivity on tube parameters. In the hydrodynamic approximation, the plasma waves on the surface of a semiconductor nanotube with a superlattice are considered. It is shown that optical and acoustic plasmons can propagate along a tube with one kind of carrier. Electron spin waves on the surface of a semiconductor nanotube with a superlattice in a magnetic field are studied. The spectra and areas of collisionless damping of these waves are found. We have shown that the spin wave damping is absent in these areas if the tubes with a degenerate electron gas have small radius.
Dynamical Green’s function for elastic half-space, and energy losses due to collision
Authors: Litinskaya Marina , Kaganova Inna
Published: July 2021

This special issue celebrates 100 years since the birth of Moisey Isaakovich Kaganov. This date is a personal event for us, since Moisey Issakovich (or Musik, for his friends and close ones) is the father of one of us, and the grandfather of the other. In addition, we have both been his students. We received the problem discussed in this paper by succession. In 1949 Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz was interested in studying electrodynamic and elastic properties of solids, and this analysis required knowledge of the corresponding Green’s functions. He suggested to his two graduate students, Moisey Kaganov and Victor Tsukernik, to calculate the displacement vector caused by an instant point source acting at the surface of an elastic half-space. At that time they had chosen a different topic, and the problem hibernated until the early 1990s, when Moisey Issakovich suggested it as a subject for a Master’s thesis for one of us (ML) to be conducted under the supervision of the other one (IK). The results have been published in papers I. M. Kaganova and M. L. Litinskaia, Phys. Lett. A 200, 365 (1995)1 and I. M. Kaganova and M. L. Litinskaia, Phys. Lett. A 200, 375 (1995).2 The first paper discussed the derivation of the normal component of the displacement vector. We showed that the displacement can be calculated as an integral in the complex plane, and examined the displacement at the surface of the half-space and at the direction normal to the surface. We showed that the singularities of the displacement are linked to certain changes in the shape of the integration contour. In the second paper, we applied the expression for the normal displacement to the calculation of the elastic energy due to an external load, and found the amount of energy lost by a small ball incident onto an elastic half-space. In this publication, we expand the analysis by investigating the singularities of the displacement vector in an arbitrary point of the half-space, and briefly review our previous results.
Electronic structure and physical properties of hybrid heterostructures Sr2CrOsO6/BaTiO3
Authors: Antonov V. N. , Bekenov L. V.
Published: July 2021

We report on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hybrid heterostructures combined the ferromagnetic double perovskite Sr2CrOsO6 (SCOsO) and ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) calculated in the GGA approach using the fully relativistic spin-polarized Dirac LMTO method. The electronic band structure is studied in the BTO and SCOsO oxides as well as in SCOsO/BTO hetero structures with different supercells: (1 × 1 × 1) monolayered, (2 × 2 × 1), and (1 × 1 × 2) SCOsO/BTO heterostructures. The optical and magneto-optical spectra of pure BTO and SCOsO oxides as well as of the SCOsO/BTO heterostructures are investigated theoretically and compared with avaliable experimental data. The element-specific x-ray absorption spectra as well as the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Ti, Ba, and Os L2,3 edges in SCOsO/BTO heterostructures are investigated theoretically. Good agreement with experimental spectra has been found.
The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties
Authors: Cui Linan , Yao Yuan , Yim Evelyn K. F.
Published: July 2021

Hydrogel has been an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and contact lens materials, due to its outstanding properties, including high water content, transparency, biocompatibility, tissue mechanical matching, and low toxicity. As hydrogel commonly possesses high surface hydrophilicity, chemical modifications have been applied to achieve the optimal surface properties to improve the performance of hydrogels for specific applications. Ideally, the effects of surface modifications would be stable, and the modification would not affect the inherent hydrogel properties. In recent years, a new type of surface modification has been discovered to be able to alter hydrogel properties by physically patterning the hydrogel surfaces with topographies. Such physical patterning methods can also affect hydrogel surface chemical properties, such as protein adsorption, microbial adhesion, and cell response. This review will first summarize the works on developing hydrogel surface patterning methods. The influence of surface topography on interfacial energy and the subsequent effects on protein adsorption, microbial, and cell interactions with patterned hydrogel, with specific examples in biomedical applications, will be discussed. Finally, current problems and future challenges on topographical modification of hydrogels will also be discussed.
Torsional bandgap switching in metamaterials with compression–torsion interacted origami resonators
Authors: Xu Zhu-Long , Wang Yu-Qi , Zhu Rui , Chuang Kuo-Chih
Published: July 2021

Torsional vibrations are unavoidable in beam-type structures in various engineering practices, and the advent of metamaterials provides a solution through the generation of bandgaps. However, unlike their flexural counterparts, tunable torsional bandgaps are seldomly studied due to two major difficulties: the existing metamaterial's units are less torsional-sensitive and the reliable torsional sensing techniques for validations are less available. In this work, switchable torsional bandgaps are realized in a metamaterial beam with a bistable resonator design based on Kresling origami with attached eccentric balls. We find that, through compression–torsion interaction of the proposed origami resonators and the corresponding wave-coupling phenomenon, torsional bandgaps can be generated and efficiently tuned, which leads to lower and wider vibration isolation frequency zones. Thanks to bistability, Kresling resonators arranged with eccentric balls can achieve bandgap switching. Specifically, based on the compression–torsion interaction of the bistable Kresling origami, wave coupling will be weakened/enhanced when the Kresling resonators arranged with eccentric balls turn from the 1st/2nd state to the 2nd/1st state, and, thus, the switching of torsional bandgaps can be realized. In order to experimentally validate the tunable torsional bandgaps, a high-sensitive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensing system containing two parallel FBG sensors is set up to extract the torsional responses. This research will be helpful for future studies focusing on regulating torsional waves through compression–torsion interaction and mode conversion utilizing wave coupling.
Understanding the electrical transports of p-type polycrystalline SnSe with effective medium theory
Authors: Wang Yuping , Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: July 2021

SnSe crystal is one of the most potential thermoelectric materials due to its excellent transport properties. The electrical conductivity of p-type SnSe crystal gradually decreases with increasing temperature, while that of the polycrystalline sample shows a completely different trend. We revealed that below 400 K, the existence of plentiful grain boundaries dominates the carrier scattering and determines the electrical transport of p-type polycrystalline SnSe, while at high temperatures, from 400 to 800 K, the electrical transport and conductivity curve still requires a clear understanding. In this study, by conducting the high-temperature synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) measurements and refining the patterns, we obtained the phase fractions of Pnma and Cmcm phases in this temperature range. Using the derived single-phase theoretical electrical conductivity, combined with the self-consistent effective medium theory, the electrical conductivity of p-type polycrystalline SnSe between 400 and 800 K was simulated. This study provides a perspective and simulation method to understand the electrical transport of p-type polycrystalline SnSe.
Unsteady flow characteristics in centrifugal pump based on proper orthogonal decomposition method
Authors: Zhang Zhengchuan , Chen Hongxun , Yin Junlian , Ma Zheng , Gu Qi , Lu Jinqi , Liu Hui
Published: July 2021

Considering the complexity flow characteristics and the rotation curvature effect on the internal unsteady flow in a centrifugal pump, a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulations method based on the von Kármán scale and the correction of the rotation curvature has been established, and its effectiveness has also been verified. Proper orthogonal decomposition method is used to study the internal unsteady flow structure in a centrifugal pump for its advantages on turbulence analysis. Further, the complex flow characteristics of the vertical single-stage marine centrifugal pumps have been studied, and the relationship between the energy distribution characteristics of the internal flow structure and hydraulic performance has been explored under different operating conditions. The results show that when the fluid flows into the impeller, which is affected by the angle of attack of the inflow, system rotation, and bending blades, the flow separation occurs and leads to an unstable flow in the impeller. The obvious pressure fluctuations emerge on the blades surface, which affects the energy conversion ability of blades. The poor inflow in the impeller causes the low local pressure could also affect the anti-cavitation ability of the centrifugal pump. In addition, there are multi-scales of the flow structures in the centrifugal pumps, and the energy distribution of flow in the centrifugal pump with good hydraulic performance is more concentrated in low-order and large-scale flows structures, and the high-order and small-scale flow structure contains less energy, which indicates that the energy distribution characteristics of the flow structures could be used as a criterion to evaluate the performance of the centrifugal pump.
Structural rejuvenation in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass via electropulsing treatment
Authors: Gong X. Y. , Wang X. D. , Zhang P. , Cao X. Z. , Cao Q. P. , Zhang D. X. , Jiang J. Z.
Published: July 2021

Structural rejuvenation is a fascinating issue of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). In this paper, we use the electropulsing treatment (EPT) to rejuvenate the atomic packing in a Zr45(Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5)48Al7 BMG, which remains amorphous after undergoing fast heating and cooling. It is found that the voltages less than 110 V have little rejuvenation effect on BMGs. However, the discharging at 130 V greatly reduces the density, modulus, and hardness while generating more excess free volume and enhancing the β-relaxation. The changes in properties of EPT samples are almost consistent with the variations of total content and average size of free volume. Our work provides an efficient way to alter the structure and properties of BMGs.
Emphasize personal health benefits to boost COVID-19 vaccination rates
Authors: Ashworth Madison , Thunström Linda , Cherry Todd L. , Newbold Stephen C. , Finnoff David C.
Published: July 2021

The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines is a tremendous scientific response to the current global pandemic. However, vaccines per se do not save lives and restart economies. Their success depends on the number of people getting vaccinated. We used a survey experiment to examine the impact on vaccine intentions of a variety of public health messages identified as particularly promising: three messages that emphasize different benefits from the vaccines (personal health, the health of others, and the recovery of local and national economies) and one message that emphasizes vaccine safety. Because people will likely be exposed to multiple messages in the real world, we also examined the effect of these messages in combination. Based on a nationally quota representative sample of 3,048 adults in the United States, our findings suggest that several forms of public messages can increase vaccine intentions, but messaging that emphasizes personal health benefits had the largest impact.
Style, identity and language shift
Authors: Abtahian Maya Ravindranath
Published: July 2021

This study is an examination of style-shifting in the speech of a single interviewer conducting sociolinguistic interviews in Garifuna (Arawak), an endangered language spoken in Belize and along the eastern coast of Central America. It provides a case study of intraspeaker variation in the context of language shift, exploring how the models and principles of intraspeaker variation hold in the social context of language shift scenarios, and framing language shift scenarios as particular contexts of performativity where cultural identity is highlighted. The focus of the paper is on the agentive use of a single phonetic variable in Garifuna as employed by the individual across speech events, as an example of how a linguistic form may become iconized in the context of language shift.
Stylistic variation in read Arabic
Authors: Horesh Uri
Published: July 2021

The study of variation in Arabic vernaculars has come a long way since its beginnings as a misguided endeavor to compare features in these contemporary dialects to cognate features in Standard Arabic (Classical or Modern) and view any differences as results of language change. We now recognize that the dialects and Standard Arabic have had different trajectories in different places and over a long period of time. The current study attempts to assess variation in a local variety of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and explore the methodological and theoretical advantages to consider what we already know about variation in the vernacular spoken by the same community whose reading in the Standard we are investigating. The paper draws a distinction between Prescribed MSA and a local variety thereof, as attested in recordings of a text read aloud by speakers of a Palestinian dialect, which were collected as part of a broader battery of sociolinguistic interviews in the speakers’ two dominant languages, Arabic and Hebrew. This is a pilot study, in which variationist methods of quantification and contextual analysis were employed, with the hope for setting the stage for more elaborate studies on the various stylistic repertoires available to speakers of Arabic.