bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method For Molybdenum Etching Using a Combination of Surface Oxidation By Ozone-Gas-Bake and Wet Selective Removal for Future Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Nakano Teppei , Pacco Antoine , Iwahata Shota , Altamirano Efrain , Iwasaki Akihisa
Published: May 2022

As semiconductor devices continue to scale, it is important to evaluate new metals for narrower trench or via structures. Mo is a candidate because of its lower resistivity compared to the conventional metals, Cu or W. Mo is etched with wet chemistry using an oxidizer but increase in surface roughness is a problem. The model for increase in roughness is water insoluble MoO2 partially remains whereas MoO3 dissolves in the water via simultaneous "oxidation-dissolution" reactions. We have developed a novel cyclic process with O3 gas bake followed by oxidizer free wet process to separate the oxidation and dissolution and verified that surface roughness does not increase. The new process was tested with patterned wafer to look at residue on sidewall, pattern loading and oxygen diffusion. This method is showing promising results and is expected to be applied for use in manufacturing of future semiconductor devices.
(Digital Presentation) High-Dose Ion-Implanted Photoresist Stripping Technology Employing High Temperature Single-Wafer SPM System
Authors: Sasahira Konosuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Hamada Koichi , Jinbo Sadayuki , Hattori Kei
Published: May 2022

We found that the high-dose ion-implanted photoresist can be removed with high efficiency without residue by using SPM heated to 250 °C. We evaluated the reaction mechanism in detail, and proposed a model: a heat consumption by vaporization of H2O, a heat gain by decomposition of H2O2, and a character change of SPM itself interact, the high-dose ion-implanted photoresist along with dopants is removed.
Study on Lifetimes of Plasma Etched Ru Lines
Authors: Su Jia Quan , Kuo Yue
Published: May 2022

The failure mechanism of the oxygen plasma etched ruthenium lines under the constant-current and constant-voltage stress conditions was studied. The ruthenium line has a much longer lifetime than the plasma-etched copper line. The lifetime of the ruthenium line is dependent on the line width. The narrow line has fewer grain boundaries to initiate the failure process, i.e., formation, growth, and merge of voids, than the wide line has. The surface color change during electric stress is a useful reference for the line broken phenomena. Ruthenium is a promising interconnect material for its high resistance to the electric stress.
Formation of Free Hydrogen Gas By Annealing ALD-Al2O3/Si Stacked Structure
Authors: Matsumura Ryo , Fukata Naoki
Published: May 2022

Al2O3 films deposited by atomic layer deposition technique have been widely used in the field of next generation high performance electronic devices. However, these films often suffer from blistering during heat treatment, which can significantly degrade device performance. In order to understand the cause of this phenomenon, various groups have proposed different physical models, but no definitive model has been proposed yet due to lack of concrete evidence. In this paper, we report on the successful analysis of the components inside the blisters using spectroscopic approach.
SiGe Epitaxial Growth on Si Substrate Using Al-Ge Paste
Authors: Suzuki Shota , Matsubara Moeko , Minamiyama Hideaki , Dhamrin Marwan , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: May 2022

We investigated the liquid-phase growth of silicon-germanium (SiGe) epitaxial layers formed on Si substrates by a simple and rapid process of screen-printing of Al-Ge paste followed by high temperature annealing. Aluminum (Al) and germanium (Ge) (7:3) mixed paste was prepared, screen-printed on a Si substrate and annealed in an infra-red (IR) furnace at peak temperatures between 800°C to 1000°C. After reaching the Al melting point at 660°C, the melted Al dissolves the Si surface and Ge powder in the paste forming a thick liquid phase of melted Al-Ge-Si layer on the dissolved surface of the Si substrate. During the cooling process, a SiGe layer starts to grow epitaxially at the Si interface. The formed SiGe was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and characterized by X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (XRD-RSM). The thickness of the SiGe layer depended on the peak temperature reaching about 25mm at 1000oC. The results suggest the epitaxially grown SiGe is strain-relaxed with a graded Ge concentration.
Crystallization Of Tensile Strained n-Type Ge By Continuous Wave Laser Annealing
Authors: Saputro Rahmat Hadi , Matsumura Ryo , Fukata Naoki
Published: May 2022

Germanium has attracted a lot of attention for the development of next generation electronic devices. Moreover, the small difference of band gap at Γ-point and L-point gives interesting properties for optical applications as well. Introducing tensile strain to a Ge film was known to reduce those band gap difference, although it is very challenging to transform Ge into direct-band semiconductor. In this research, we investigated the growth of tensile strained n-type Ge films by continuous wave laser annealing, which is promising approach to realize quasi direct-band recombination.
(Invited) Recent Progress on Molecular Beam Epitaxy of AlGaN Nanowires for Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Zhao Songrui , Zhang Qihua , Parimoo Heemal , Yin Xue
Published: May 2022

Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) nanowires become an attractive material platform for semiconductor deep ultraviolet (UV) light emitting devices. In this paper, recent progress on AlGaN nanowire deep UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. We first show that by exploiting the compositional fluctuations within the AlGaN nanowires, light emission wavelength as short as 209 nm can be obtained. Angle dependence studies further indicate a dominant surface emission, originated from the light scattering effect of nanowires. We further demonstrate that graphene electrode can be a current spreading layer for AlGaN nanowire deep UV LEDs and compared with using thin metal contact the light output power is improved. We lastly describe a new direction of employing nanowires for AlGaN deep UV LEDs.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Exploring the Potential and Limits of Gallium Oxide Electronics: In-Situ Dielectrics, Heterointegration and High-k Field Plates
Authors: Roy Saurav , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: May 2022

We present various techniques to improve the breakdown performance for β-Ga2O3 based devices both for transistor and diode applications. In spite of having a huge predicted potential, the practical realization of high breakdown field performance is hindered due to the lack of p-type dopants that could provide edge termination and high breakdown field strength dielectric materials as gate oxides in transistors. Low interface state density dielectric/β-Ga2O3 interface is achieved using in-situ metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of Al2O3 on β-Ga2O3. To circumvent the lack of p-type doping, hetero-integration of β-Ga2O3 with p-type III-Nitride is proposed for edge electric field suppression. Another efficient field management technique using extreme permittivity dielectric material as field plate oxide is also demonstrated to achieve very high Baliga’s Figure of Merit (BFOM). Using these approaches the limits of β-Ga2O3 based devices can be expanded for future power electronic applications.
Mechanism of Reverse Leakage Current in Schottky Diode Fabricated on Large Bandgap Semiconductors like Ga2O3 or Diamond Part II
Authors: Lau Wai Shing
Published: May 2022

Sze’s theory has been the dominating theory regarding the Schottky emission effect (image force barrier lowering). The author noticed that the older and almost forgotten Krömer’s theory can frequently give a much better fit to experimental data especially for higher reverse bias voltage. In order to explain Krömer’s theory, it is necessary to apply the concept of velocity overshoot and quasi-ballistic transport to the depletion region in Schottky diodes. In this paper, the author will propose a unified theory for reverse leakage current in Schottky diodes.
(Digital Presentation) Carbon Aerogel Platinum-Praseodymium Oxide Nanocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation in 0.5 M Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Prits Alise-Valentine , Nerut Jaak , Kasuk Heili , Koel Mihkel , Sepp Silver , Valk Peeter , Aruväli Jaan , Koppel Miriam , Mikli Valdek , Volobujeva Olga , Lust Enn
Published: May 2022

Platinum-praseodymium oxide nanocatalyst deposited onto carbon aerogel support was synthesized. The physical properties of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The electrochemically active surface area of the material was determined, and the catalytic activity towards methanol electrooxidation was studied in 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M methanol solution using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The synthesized material exhibited high methanol oxidation activity and showed promising characteristics for application in direct methanol fuel cells.
Fe-N-C Self-Doped Sewage Sludge-Derived Biocarbon With Catalytic Activity For The Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Alonso-Lemus Ivonne L , Escobar-Morales Beatriz , Fernandez-Luqueño Fabian , Quintana-Owen Patricia , delaTorre-Saenz Luis , Rodriguez-Varela Francisco Javier
Published: May 2022

The development of numerous biomass-derived carbon catalysis toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been reported in the last decade. The catalytic activity for the ORR improves with heteroatom doping and is notably high when Fe-N-C type bonds are present. In this work, we developed a novel method to obtain Fe-N-C self-doped sewage sludge-derived biocarbons (SSBs) by intermittent microwave heating (IMH) technique. The effect of IMH on the structural and textural properties of SSBs, and their correlation with the catalytic activity for ORR was studied. The most active biocarbon was labeled as SSF, which was obtained by two-step process: chemical activation using KOH and then it was functionalized with methanol by IMH. Therefore, the obtained SSF micro-mesoporous biocarbon had high surface area (1127 m2 g-1) and quaternary-N and thiophene-S species. In addition, Fe-N-C bonds were detected on the surface of SSF. On the other hand, it was observed that IMH treatment improved the electrochemical parameters such as the on-set potential (E0), current density (j), electron transfer number (n) and %HO2
- production. In this regard, SSF shows the best performance toward the ORR (E0= 0.89 V vs RHE, j= -3.01 mA cm-2, n= 3.4 and %HO2
- = 25.85). These results indicate that sewage sludge could be used as raw material for the manufacture of cathodes, and that the treatment by IMH seems a promising eco-friendly alternative.
Effect of Carbon-Coating on Internal Resistance and Performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries
Authors: Wen Lizhi , Guan Zhiwei , Wang Lei , Hu Shuntang , Lv Donghui , Liu Xiaoming , Duan Tingting , Liang Guangchuan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the LiFePO4material was modified by carbon coating using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ketjen black as the composite carbon sources. Firstly, the structure, electron and ion transport properties of LiFePO4and carbon-coated LiFePO4were calculated by first-principles and density functional theory. The calculation results show that after carbon coating, the coating system will change from semiconductor properties to conductor properties, and its electronic conductivity will be significantly improved. Then, different proportions of Ketjen black and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) were mixed to prepare a composite carbon source, which was then coated with carbon on the surface of the LiFePO4cathode material. The prepared LiFePO4/C samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, physical properties and electrochemical properties. The 14500 cylindrical steel shell battery was prepared by using lithium iron phosphate materials coated with different carbon sources. By testing the internal resistance, rate performance and cycle performance of the battery, the effect of carbon coating on the internal resistance of the battery and the electrochemical performance of the full battery was studied and analyzed. The experimental results show that when Ketjen Black:PVA = 2:1, the synthesized LiFePO4/C cathode material exhibits the best rate performance and cycle stability. The compaction density of the pole piece is reduced, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is improved.
In Situ Formation of Lithium Polyacrylate Binder for Aqueous Manufacturing and Recycling of Ni-Rich Cathodes
Authors: Shunmugasundaram Ramesh , Senthil Arumugam Rajalakshmi , Benedek Peter , Yarema Maksym , Baade Paul , Wood Vanessa
Published: May 2022

Water has now become the standard process solvent for graphite-based anodes, eliminating the use of toxic and costly N-Methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) in anode manufacturing. Ideally, water could also become the standard for cathodes; however, water-based processing of NMC cathode materials induces lithium leaching, which reduces their specific capacity and leads to capacity fade. Here, we demonstrate that leached lithium ions can be exploited during aqueous slurry preparation to create a Li-containing polymer binder that enables cathode performance comparable to those fabricated using NMP. Specifically, we show that leached lithium ions from LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811) particles react with polyacrylic acid (PAA) to form a lithium polyacrylate (LPA) surface coating and binder. Because the resulting LPA binder is water soluble, aqueous-based recycling of the cathode particles is feasible and over 90% capacity retention is shown in recycled material after 100 cycles.
Hard Carbon Microsphere with Built-In Electron Transport Channels as a High-Performance Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Yizhou , Fang Zhimin , He Yu-Shi , Zhang Weimin , Ma Zi-Feng , Kang Shuwen
Published: May 2022

Hard carbon is one of the most promising candidate materials as the anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, we developed an effective strategy to homogenize highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a hard carbon microsphere (e-HC) to construct electron transport channels to improve the performance of hard carbon. The material featured a wrinkled hard carbon microsphere with built-in electron transport channels. Although the optimization made no significant changes in the particle size and the graphitization state for the hard carbon, the electrochemical performance was greatly improved in comparison with the pure hard carbon material without CNTs (HC). The increase in the electric and ionic conductivity was identified. The electrochemical measurements showed that the e-HC electrode delivered a reversible capacity of 335.6 mAh g−1 at 0.05 mA g−1, which was higher than that of the HC electrode (304.1 mAh g−1 at 0.05 mA g−1). The as-synthesized e-HC material exhibited a higher rate performance and a better cycle life than the HC material. The correlated mechanism for the enhancement was proposed in this study. The e-HC material can be used as a feasible anode for SIBs.
DC Characteristics and Dynamic Properties of Multi-Channel Nanosheet MOSFETs with and without Tungsten Metal Sidewall for Sub-3-nm Technological Nodes
Authors: Chuang Min-Hui , Li Yiming
Published: May 2022

Electrical characteristics of the multi-channel nanosheet (NS) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with (w/) and without (w/o) the low-resistivity (5.6 × 10–6 Ω-cm) tungsten metal sidewall (MSW) are studied by using an experimentally validated three-dimensional device simulation for sub-3-nm technological nodes. The explored 18-channel n- and p-type NS devices w/ MSW possess a 30-mV/V improvement in the drain-induced barrier lowing, more than 200%-increase in the on-current, about 160%-increase in the gate capacitance, and a 48%-reduction in the delay time, compared with the devices w/o MSW. Our study shows the significance of MSW in vertically stacked multi-channel NS MOSFETs.
FABP4 and I-FABP Levels in Pregnant Women Are Associated with Body Mass Index but Not Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Vorobjova Tamara , Tagoma Aili , Talja Ija , Janson Helis , Kirss Anne , Uibo Raivo
Published: May 2022

Objectives. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance detected initially during pregnancy. GDM poses an increased risk for the development of diabetes later in life. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a regulator of lipid metabolism and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Increased level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) may indicate impaired intestinal permeability, which may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and GDM. We aimed to compare FABP4 and I-FABP levels in pregnant women with GDM and in healthy pregnant controls, taking into consideration their prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), past exposures to enteroviruses (EV), and adipokine and cytokine levels, which have been shown to decrease insulin sensitivity. Material and Methods. Forty patients with GDM (median age 30.5) and 40 pregnant healthy controls (median age 31.1) were divided on the basis of their prepregnancy BMI into two groups: normal weight (

BMI
<
25

,

n
=
20

) and overweight (

BMI
≥
25

,

n
=
20

). FABP4 and I-FABP were measured from serum samples using commercial ELISA kits. Results. FABP4 and I-FABP levels did not differ between women with GDM and healthy pregnant controls (

p
>
0.05

for both comparisons). However, both levels were associated with BMI (

p
<
0.001

for both comparisons). Median I-FABP level was the highest in healthy controls with lower BMI (<25) (

p
=
0.0009

). FABP4 levels correlated with BMI and C-peptide values in both groups (

p
<
0.001

). Anti-EV antibody levels did not correlate with FABP4 or I-FABP levels. FABP4 and adiponectin levels were negatively correlated in controls (

r
=
−
0.61

,

p
=
0.0009

), while I-FABP correlated positively with adiponectin (

r
=
0.58

,

p
=
0.04

) and resistin (

r
=
0.67

,

p
=
0.04

) levels in the GDM group. Conclusion. FABP4 and I-FABP levels were not dependent on the diagnosis of GDM, but rather on BMI. The correlation of I-FABP with adiponectin and resistin levels in women with GDM may suggests the importance of lipid metabolism in GDM-associated changes in intestinal permeability.
Comparative Evaluation of the Adsorption Performance of Citric Acid-Treated Peels of Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus for Cationic Dyes Degradation from Water
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Sadiq , Rehman Rabia , Imran Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Various chemicals were explored in chemical combinations with two selected agrowastes in order to optimize, enhance, and improve their biosorption potential for the optimal and effective eradication of noxious, carcinogenic, and malignant cationic and basic dyes from wastewater. In this project, environmentally safe, economic, inexpensive, and widely available peels of Trapa natans (TP) and Citrullus lanatus (CP) were collected, dried, and pretreated with citric acid, revealing promising results. FT-IR and SEM characterizations of chemically changed biosorbents (C-TP and C-CP) have evidenced the presence of more secondary adsorption sites on their surfaces. These acid-modified biosorbents were employed to eliminate the hazardous and toxic basic dyes such as Rhodamine B (RAD) and Brilliant Green Dye (BLG) in batch mode processing. The Langmuir model was best fitted to equilibrium experimental data as compared to Freundlich and Temkin isothermal mathematical models with Qmax of 15.63 and 27.55 mg/g for RAD using C-TP and C-CP, respectively, whereas, for BLG on C-TP and C-CP, it was 128 and 189 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the mechanism is related to chelation and ion exchange modes between adsorbate molecules and adsorbent surfaces, leading to homogeneous and monolayer adsorption and following pseudo-2nd-order kinetics in the best way. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔS0, ΔH0, and ΔE0 are determined statistically for the adsorption performance of both novel chemically mutant biosorbents, which reflect that biosorption mechanisms are exothermic as well as spontaneous.
Simplified Numerical Model Development for Advanced Design of Lightweight‐Concrete Encased Cold‐Formed Steel Compressed Elements
Authors: Eid Nathalie , Joó Attila László
Published: May 2022

The utilization of cold‐formed steel (CFS) elements has become more popular recently, due to their cost efficiency and feasibility in construction work. Nevertheless, since such elements are subjected to a variety of complex stability issues, numerous approaches to strengthening have been examined. Namely, CFS members were braced by using lightweight concrete through a previous experimental program. A simplified finite element model was performed consistently with the previous experimental work, to estimate the ultimate load of encased CFS members subjected to compression. The main aim of this research was to overcome the difficulties of modeling the concrete block by substituting the volume element with springs. In addition, a practical equation was proposed to predict the stiffness of springs, and an imperfection amplitude was set to obtain the design capacity of braced CFS compressed elements.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Swarming Properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Calyx Extracts: In Vitro and In Silico Modelling Approaches
Authors: Hamrita Bechr , Emira Noumi , Papetti Adele , Badraoui Riadh , Bouslama Lamjed , Ben Tekfa Mohamed-Iheb , Hamdi Assia , Patel Mitesh , Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed , Adnan Mohd , Ashraf Syed Amir , Snoussi Mejdi
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of dried Roselle calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) using both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. We report the antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacteria, yeast, and fungi. The antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and 2–2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays. We report also for the first time the effect of the swarming motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Our results showed that the tested two extracts were a rich source of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins with different degrees. Additionally, eleven phytoconstituents were identified by LC/MS technique (Hibiscus acid: 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-feruloylquinic acid, cyanidin 3-o-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin 7-o-rutinoside, quercetin 3-o-glucoside, delphinidin 3-o-sambubioside, and kaempferol 3-o-p-coumaroyl-glucoside). Also, it was shown that the calyx extract can scavenge 86% of the DPPH radical, while the rate of 53% and 23% of inhibition of the DPPH was obtained only at the concentration of 125 and 50 µg/mL, and a small inhibition was made at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. Roselle extracts inhibited the growth of the selected microorganisms at low concentrations, while higher concentrations are needed to completely kill them. However, no activity against CVB-3 was recorded for both extracts. In addition, the obtained extracts reduced the swarming motility of P. aeruginosa at 2.5 mg/ml. The docking simulation showed acceptable binding affinities (up to −9.6 kcal/mol) and interaction with key residues of 1JIJ, 2QZW, and 2UVO. The obtained results highlighted the potential use of Roselle extract as a source of phytoconstituents with promising antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-quorum sensing activities.
Campylobacter jejuni from Slaughter Age Broiler Chickens: Genetic Characterization, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
Authors: Ramatla Tsepo , Mileng Kealeboga , Ndou Rendani , Tawana Mpho , Mofokeng Lehlohonolo , Syakalima Michelo , Lekota Kgaugelo E. , Thekisoe Oriel
Published: May 2022

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human gastroenteritis worldwide and is designated as a high priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a total of 26 C. jejuni isolates from broiler chickens were screened for the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. As a result, the study detected 11/26 (42.3%), 9/26 (34.6%), 8/26 (30.8%), 7/26 (26.9%), 6/26 (23.1%), and 6/26 (23.1%) of cdtC, pldA, cdtB, cdtA, cadF, and ciaB virulence genes, respectively, with seven of the isolates carrying more than two virulence genes. The majority of the isolates n = 25 (96.1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by n = 21 (80.7%), n = 22 (84.6%), and n = 5 (19.2%) for tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Most isolates were harboring catI (n = 16; 84.2%), catII (n = 15; 78.9%), catIII (n = 10; 52.6%), catIV (n = 2; 10.5%), floR (n = 10; 52.6%), ermB (n = 14; 73.7%), tetO (n = 13; 68.4%), tetA (n = 9; 47.4%), mcr-4 (n = 8; 42.1%), and ampC (n = 2; 10.5%). Meanwhile, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, tet(X), tet(P), and tet(W) genes were not detected in all isolates. Class I and Class II integrons were detected in 92.3% (n = 24) and 65.4% (n = 17) isolates, respectively. About 31% (8 of the 26 isolates) isolates were carrying more than two resistance genes. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to detect class II integrons in Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni). The high prevalence of cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, pldA, and ciaB genes and antibiotic resistance genes in C. jejuni in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Majority of the isolates demonstrated resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline (tet), and erythromycin (ermB), which are the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of implementing an efficient strategy to control Campylobacter in chickens and to reduce antimicrobial use in the poultry industry, which will help to prevent the spread of infections to humans.
CircNRIP1 Exerts Oncogenic Functions in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Sponging miR-653-5p and Regulating PBX3 Expression
Authors: Fu Lijun , Huo Jia , Fitrat Habibullah , Kong Yujing , Zhang Lingyu , Shang Chaoyang , Li Guoquan , Ji Feihong , Fu Xinghao , Qiu Xinguang
Published: May 2022

Background. Circular RNA circ_0004771 (termed circNRIP1) was identified by RNA-Seq previously and was elevated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues. A series of studies also showed that circNRIP1 was upregulated in some tumors and could promote the malignant progression of tumors. This research intended to focus on the role of circNRIP1 in PTC progression and explore the mechanisms underlying circNRIP1 functions. Methods. RT-PCR or western blot determined circNRIP1, miR-653-5p, and pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3 (PBX3) expression. EdU, CCK-8, Tunel, and transwell assays determined cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays clarified the target relation between miR-653-5p and circNRIP1 or PBX3. Xenograft models were applied to explore the role of circNRIP1 in vivo. Results. circNRIP1 significantly increased in PTC tissues and PTC cell lines than that in normal ones. Higher circNRIP1 expression was associated with the TNM stage and poorer overall survival. circNRIP1 knockdown attenuated the malignant progression of PTC, specifically by inhibiting proliferation and invasion/migration and promoting apoptosis. circNRIP1 was a miR-653-5p sponge; miR-653-5p knockdown reversed the suppressive role of circNRIP1 silence in PTC progression. PBX3, a target of miR-653-5p, was positively medicated through circNRIP1 via competitively sponging miR-653-5p. Knockdown of circNRIP1 attenuated the PTC tumor progression via miR-653-5p/PBX3 axis. Conclusion. Silencing of circNRIP1 suppressed PTC development via miR-653-5p elevation and PBX3 reduction, providing a novel perspective for understanding PTC pathogenesis.
Prediction of Charging Requirements for Electric Vehicles Based on Multiagent Intelligence
Authors: Ling Shuai , Zhu Xiang , Wang Qing , Schonfeld Paul
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicle (EV) charging demands and operating efficiency of the charging system. The travel behavior of EV drivers is analyzed by considering the heterogeneity of range anxiety and bound rationality. Building on existing charging choice models, our more holistic perspective of charging demand distribution is obtained through multiagent system (MAS) modeling. In our study, the charging demand distribution in different areas is compared by considering two charging price schemes. The performance of the charging system is then evaluated based on three indicators, the charging request rejection rate, charging pile utilization rate, and charging load deviation, thereby verifying the effectiveness of our charging demand prediction model. This is done using multiagent-based simulations applied to the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) 2017 dataset. The results are analyzed according to different key indicators, mainly indicating (a) the limitations of the time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy in reducing the peak-valley difference, (b) the transferability of charging demand among different functional areas, and (c) that there is less demand for charging piles in the workplace, as users mainly rely on home charging. These results facilitate further analyses to help the design and operation of the EV charging infrastructure.
Performance Analysis of New Air Circulation System Based on Random Matrices
Authors: Lu Qihang , Li Kaining , Zhang Daling
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the aircraft air circulation system and proposes a new architecture of the aircraft air circulation system. Combined with the neural network algorithm, the numerical simulation results of turbine, compressor, and heat exchanger are fitted and predicted, and the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by comparing with the experimental results. Comparing and analyzing the booster, F-15, F-35, and the newly proposed air circulation system, the engine bleed air volume consumed by the system under different flight conditions is obtained. The results show that the newly proposed air circulation system can save up to 71.4% of the engine bleed air compared with the simple boost and 29.8% of the engine bleed air compared with the F-35. The new air circulation system proposed in this paper can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the system and reduce the consumption of engine bleed air.
Ginger Product Price Information Based on Semantic Heterogeneity of Multisource Network Information
Authors: Xiang Mojun
Published: May 2022

In order to improve prices of ginger products information service, promote the transmission and interaction between prices of ginger products information data, agricultural products are roughly divided into nine categories. Through network research, the price information of agricultural products on the Internet is analyzed. According to the hierarchical theory of information processing, three types of semantic heterogeneity of schema, contextual data, and individual anomaly data with hierarchical progressive relationship are proposed. The results show that almost 100% of the main attributes exist in the network information sources, in addition, more than 80% of the websites have type differentiation of agricultural products, and less is provided for attributes such as specification and origin, which also have an impact on the price of agricultural products. Through the network information source, the attribute characteristics of multisource network prices of ginger products information are grasped, and the classification characteristics of existing semantic heterogeneity are combined, and it provides a strong support for constructing the classification system of semantic heterogeneity of prices of ginger products information.
The Relationship between Urban Public Art and Regional Environment Based on Wireless Network Technology
Authors: Li Juan
Published: May 2022

The relationship between urban public art and regional environment based on wireless network technology is studied. Combining domestic specific cases and referring to sociology, art, and design thinking, combing about the relationship between the city’s public art and the regional environment, and further integration of its relationship components, at the same time, the planning study of Changning district, Shanghai, and the actual operation of the Shanghai Pudong International Airport, which incorporates the regional mesolevel background, are examples for case analysis. In reference cases and practical cases, they are deduced in sequence, starting from the environmental context of urban areas to the evolution model of public art. Moreover, the specific event background also constitutes a special opportunity period for the sudden growth of public art.
Relative Perfusion Differences between Parathyroid Adenomas and the Thyroid on Multiphase 4DCT
Authors: Raeymaeckers Steven P. M. J. , De Brucker Yannick , Tosi Maurizio , Buls Nico , De Mey Johan
Published: May 2022

A multiphase 4DCT technique can be useful for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. Up to 16 different phases can be obtained without significant increase of exposure dose using wide beam axial scanning. This technique also allows for the calculation of perfusion parameters in suspected lesions. We present data on 19 patients with histologically proven parathyroid adenomas. We find a strong correlation between 2 perfusion parameters when comparing parathyroid adenomas and thyroid tissue: parathyroid adenomas show a 55% increase in blood flow (BF) (

p
<
0.001

) and a 50% increase in blood volume (BV) (

p
<
0.001

) as compared to normal thyroid tissue. The analysis of the ROC curve for the different perfusion parameters demonstrates a significantly high area under the curve for BF and BV, confirming these two perfusion parameters to be a possible discriminating tool to discern between parathyroid adenomas and thyroid tissue. These findings can help to discern parathyroid from thyroid tissue and may aid in the detection of parathyroid adenomas.
Naringin Regulates Microglia BV-2 Activation and Inflammation via the JAK/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Li Li , Liu Ru , He Jing , Li Jing , Guo Juan , Chen Yun , Ji Ke
Published: May 2022

Objective. Microglial BV-2 cells are activated in the brain following insomnia. Naringin (NAR) is a polymethoxylated flavonoid that is also commonly found in citrus fruits and is known for its antioxidant potential. However, the effect of NAR on microglial cells has rarely been studied in the brain of an organism after insomnia. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of action of NAR on microglial cell activation and inflammation. Methods. BV-2 cells were obtained from the China Center for Type Culture Collection and randomly divided into five treatment groups: control, model, NAR (10 μM), WP1066 (5 μM), and NAR + WP1066. With the exception of the control group, all groups were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h. CCK8 was used to quantify cell viability and a scratch test was performed to detect cell migration. The expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nterleukin 10 (IL-10), and insulin like growth factor (1IGF-1) were measured by ELISA. Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of p-STAT3 and p-JAK. The Focalcheck™ Thin-Ring Fluorescent Microspheres kit was used to detect cell phagocytosis. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of iNOS and arginase1 in BV-2 cells. Results. Compared with the control group, cell migration, cell viability, and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased in the model group, whereas the expression levels of IL-10, IGF-1, and arginase 1, as well as cell phagocytosis were reduced. With the increase in NAR concentration, cell migration, cell viability, the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS decreased, while the expression of IL-10, IGF-1, and arginase 1 increased. Compared with the control group, p-STAT3, and p-JAK expression in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK in the NAR, NAR + WP1066, and WP1066 groups was significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. NAR treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration, and inflammation of BV-2 cells as well as the activation of microglia to the M1 phenotype. Conversely, NAR treatment promoted the activation of microglia to the M2 phenotype and enhanced the phagocytic function of BV-2 cells by regulating the activity of the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Pressure Distribution on the Inner Wall of the Volute Casing of a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Li Jin-Fu , Wang Tao , Xiao Jun-Jian , Jia Xiao-Qi , Zhang Li
Published: May 2022

In order to grasp the distribution characteristics of the pressure field on the inner wall of the volute casing of an atypical open impeller centrifugal pump, the instantaneous pressure at different operating conditions was experimentally measured under four operating rotational speeds to obtain the distribution characteristics of the average static pressure field in the volute casing of this pump model. The pressure pulsation amplitude and pressure pulsation intensity were also analyzed at different rotational speed cases, and the standard deviation analysis was performed. The results showed that the instantaneous pressure pulsation on the inner wall of the volute casing strongly fluctuates during the pump operating, and the closer to the volute casing outlet, the more intense the pressure pulsation was. After increasing the pump shaft speed, the fluctuation amplitude gradually decreased. The pressure pulsation on the wall of tip clearance is more intense than that on the inner wall of the volute shell. The intensity of the pressure pulsation on the wall of tip clearance decreases with the increase of the rotational speed, and the higher the speed, the less intense the pressure pulsation.
Gut Microbiota: Target for Modulation of Gut-Liver-Adipose Tissue Axis in Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease
Authors: Patel Dhara , Sharma Dixa , Mandal Palash
Published: May 2022

Consumption of alcohol (ethanol) in various forms has been an integral part of human civilization. Since ages, it also has been an important cause of death and health impairment across the globe. Ethanol-mediated liver injury, known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), is caused by surplus intake of alcohol. Several studies have proposed the different pathways that may be lead to ALD. One of the factors that may affect the cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) metabolic pathway is gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiota produces various compounds that play an important role in regulating healthy functions of distal organs such as the adipose tissue and liver. Dysbiosis causes bacteremia, hepatic encephalopathy, and increased intestinal permeability. Recent clinical studies have found better understanding of the gut and liver axis. Another factor that may affect the ALD pathway is dysfunction of adipose tissue metabolism. Moreover, dysfunction of adipose tissue leads to ectopic fat deposition within the liver and disturbs lipid metabolism by increasing lipolysis/decreasing lipogenesis and impaired glucose tolerance of adipose tissue which leads to ectopic fat deposition within the liver. Adipokine secretion of resistin, leptin, and adiponectin is adversely modified upon prolonged alcohol consumption. In the combination of these two factors, a proinflammatory state is developed within the patient leading to the progression of ALD. Thus, the therapeutic approach for treatments and prevention for liver cirrhosis patients must be focused on the gut-liver-adipose tissue network modification with the use of probiotics, synbiotics, and prebiotics. This review is aimed at the effect of ethanol on gut and adipose tissue in both rodent and human alcoholic models.
A Research on Library Space Layout and Intelligent Optimization Oriented to Readers’ Needs
Authors: Gu Binli , Tanoue Kenichi
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet age, all walks of life have been affected to a certain extent. The layout of a traditional library is an extremely important part of the library. A good layout can make full use of the space in the library to maximize the use of space and give readers a better sense of experience. It is better to study or work in the library. At the same time, with the rapid development of the Internet, all walks of life have been affected to a certain extent. For the library, the intelligent library based on GA-RFID technology can improve both the readers and the staff in the library. Reading books can improve the efficiency of study or work. In this article, some comparisons are made between the intelligent library based on GA-RFID technology and various types of libraries, and the technology is compared from many aspects, thus reflecting that this technology is beneficial to readers.
Pathogenic Process-Associated Transcriptome Analysis of Stemphylium lycopersici from Tomato
Authors: Zhang Dezhen , Chi Wenjuan , Wang Cuicui , Dai Huijie , Li Jintang , Li Chunlei , Li Fajun
Published: May 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) gray leaf spot disease is a predominant foliar disease of tomato in China that is caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Stemphylium lycopersici. Little is known regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of this broad-host-range pathogen. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed and more genetic information on the pathogenicity determinants of S. lycopersici during the infection process in tomato were obtained. Through an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, 1,642 and 1,875 genes upregulated during the early infection and necrotrophic phases, respectively, were identified and significantly enriched in 44 and 24 pathways, respectively. The induction of genes associated with pectin degradation, adhesion, and colonization was notable during the early infection phase, whereas during the necrotrophic phase, some structural molecule activity-related genes were prominently induced. Additionally, some genes involved in signal regulation or encoding hemicellulose- and cellulose-degrading enzymes and extracellular proteases were commonly upregulated during pathogenesis. Overall, we present some putative key genes and processes that may be crucial for S. lycopersici pathogenesis. The abilities to adhere and colonize a host surface, effectively damage host cell walls, regulate signal transduction to manage infection, and survive in a hostile plant environment are proposed as important factors for the pathogenesis of S. lycopersici in tomato. The functional characterization of these genes provides an invaluable resource for analyses of this important pathosystem between S. lycopersici and tomato, and it may facilitate the generation of control strategies against this devastating disease.
Satellite/Inertial Navigation Integrated Navigation Method Based on Improved Kalman Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: May 2022

With the continuous development of positioning technology in today’s world, the accuracy requirements for navigation and positioning are also getting higher and higher. Global Positioning and Navigation System (GPS) can provide high-precision long-term navigation and positioning information. However, it has a strong dependence on the external environment, which means that it is easily disturbed by environmental changes and affects the accuracy of navigation and positioning and even leads to positioning failure. The inertial navigation system (INS) is an autonomous navigation system. It uses sensors to measure the specific force and angular velocity of the carrier for positioning and navigation, which means that it is less affected by the environment. However, the inertial navigation device will produce a certain initial error due to the restriction of the manufacturing level, and the error will increase with time, so the inertial navigation method is not suitable for long-term navigation. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to realize satellite/inertial navigation integrated navigation by combining the respective advantages of satellite navigation and inertial navigation methods and avoiding their respective disadvantages. This paper is aimed at studying the satellite/inertial navigation integrated navigation method based on the improved Kalman filter algorithm. The satellite inertial navigation integrated navigation experiment is carried out based on the improved Kalman filter algorithm. In the experiment, the noise reduction experiment of the designed satellite inertial navigation system was carried out by using the filtering noise reduction function of the improved Kalman filter algorithm, and the conclusion was drawn after the experiment. The navigation accuracy of the satellite inertial navigation system is improved by a total of 2 m after the improved Kalman filter algorithm is used to filter the noise reduction.
Efficacy of Lipid Nanoparticle-Loaded Sorafenib Combined with Hepatic Artery Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated with Microvascular Invasion
Authors: Feng Wendong , Cao Wendong , Cui Cunwei , Pi Xingtao
Published: May 2022

This work was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lipid nanoparticle-loaded sorafenib combined with transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) complicated with microvascular invasion (MVI). In this work, 102 patients with primary HC combined with MVI after radical resection were divided into 4 groups according to different treatment methods. Experimental group 1 was treated with lipid nanoparticle-loaded sorafenib combined with TACE treatment group; experimental group 2 was treated with lipid nanoparticle-loaded sorafenib treatment group; experimental group 3 was TACE treatment group; control group was postoperative routine nursing group. Sorafenib lipid nanoparticles were prepared. The basic information, operation, MVI degree, tumor recurrence, and survival time of patients in each group were recorded and compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined way. No great difference was found in MVI grade, average age, sex ratio, preoperative tumor markers, tumor size, number of patients with liver cirrhosis, operation time, and intraoperative bleeding among the four groups (

P
>
0.05

). In addition, the tumor free survival time (TFST), overall survival time (OST), and postoperative 1-year and 2-year survival rates of patients in test group 1 were greatly higher than those in single mode treatment group and control group (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, sorafenib nanoparticles combined with TACE can improve the survival status of patients after resection and delay the time of postoperative tumor recurrence.