bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿INFLUYE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE DE LOS PROFESORES Y ESTUDIANTES, EN LOS RESULTADOS ACADÉMICOS EN MATEMÁTICAS EN LA FUAC?
Authors: Sarmiento Barrera Heber , Díaz Camacho Luz Mery
Published: August 2022

La calidad de la educación y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, hacen parte de las múltiples prioridades de las instituciones de educación superior en nuestro territorio; ellas —calidad y rendimiento académico— están fuertemente relacionadas, de no ser atendidas, pueden llegar a incidir de forma negativa en el desarrollo de sectores tales como el económico e industrial de importancia en el crecimiento del país. La Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia es consciente de la responsabilidad que le corresponde en cada uno de los aspectos señalados, y en este sentido, promueve procesos de investigación en los cuales pretende ir más allá de los campos de las ciencia exactas o ingeniería, para adentrarse también en el desarrollo de investigaciones relacionadas con problemáticas de tipo educativo y social; así y en esta dirección, se presenta en esta oportunidad, los resultados de una experiencia adelantada por los autores al interior de la FUAC, en la cual se explora la posible relación —si existiere alguna— entre los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, profesores y el rendimiento académico; en este trabajo se busca establecer hasta qué punto, la coincidencia o discrepancia entre el estilo de aprendizaje de uno y otro afecta el rendimiento del estudiante en matemáticas. El trabajo en mención se realizó con 486 estudiantes que se encontraban cursando alguno de los tres primeros semestres de formación en el campo de la ingeniería, específicamente con los inscritos en cursos de Matemáticas; con ellos se involucró a los 18 profesores, que al momento del estudio impartían los cursos en el área y nivel mencionados; el marco teórico del trabajo se encuentra en La teoría de los Estilos de Aprendizaje enunciada por David Kolb, empleando como instrumento de indagación y para los fines del trabajo, el conocido test de Kolb, el cual, entre otros aspectos, permite clasificar a los sujetos como Acomodadores, Divergentes, Convergentes y Asimiladores, categorías que según su autor, atienden entre muchos otros aspectos, a la forma en como el individuo percibe y procesa la información.
LA ACREDITACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE PROGRAMAS DE INGENIERÍA Y SU IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DESDE LOS RESULTADOS DE APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Peláez Valencia Luis Eduardo , Parra Valencia Jorge Andrick , Delgado González Iván Andrés , Ovalle Monsalve Diana Lucia
Published: August 2022

Las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) se encuentran en la búsqueda permanente de herramientas que les permitan mejorar su política de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior, soportada en un sistema de mejoramiento continuo que conlleve a que sus programas cumplan con los objetivos propuestos ante la sociedad. Cuando han recorrido el camino de la licencia de funcionamiento (registro calificado para el caso Colombia) y la acreditación nacional, encuentran en la acreditación internacional un escenario propicio para revisar la efectividad y pertinencia de su sistema de mejoramiento en confrontación con referentes internacionales de calidad. No obstante, el lograr una acreditación internacional no necesariamente redunda en que se impacte en la calidad del programa desde la perspectiva de los resultados de aprendizaje. Este trabajo presenta el contexto del aseguramiento de la calidad con referencia a tres sellos de acreditación internacional: ABET, ARCU-SUR y EUR-ACE; y la manera cómo en los procesos de autoevaluación con fines de acreditación, en estos mismos sellos, los resultados de aprendizaje cobran sentido para la calidad de los programas. Posteriormente y con relación a estas acreditaciones, se construye un análisis general de enseñanza de la ingeniería, del rol del estudiante y del profesor, y del logro de los resultados de aprendizaje como garantía de realización del Proyecto Educativo de Programa (PEP).Como resultado, se da a conocer una aproximación conceptual que permite resignificar la calidad de un programa de ingeniería, vista desde el cumplimiento pleno de la promesa curricular, que no necesariamente está ligada al logro de la acreditación internacional de alta calidad, sino a la realización en condiciones de excelencia de los fines de una formación orientada al servicio de la Sociedad, en la que los resultados de aprendizaje permiten evidenciar cómo el programa mejora consistentemente en la realización cada vez más informada y detallada de su promesa formativa.
Beam Scanning Controller for Proton-Beam Writing
Authors: Kolinko Sergey V. , Kolinko Ivan S. , Polozhii Hlib E. , Ponomarev Aleksandr G.
Published: August 2022

A scanning control system of the ion beam of MeV energies has been developed for the nuclear scanning microprobe and proton-beam writing channel as a part of accelerator-analytical complex based on the Sokol electrostatic accelerator of the Institute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The system was put into operation to replace the obsolete one based on microcontrollers. The scanning control system is based on a National Instruments reconfigurable module with a Field Programmable Gate Array. The module operates in real time and is connected to a personal computer by a high-speed PCI-Express interface with data buffering. The system provides two main modes of operation: exposure of sample areas with a given profile and raster secondary electrons imaging of the sample or a calibration grid. Profile exposure is possible both in raster and functional scanning modes. Automatic calibration of the profile scale and scan raster is also implemented. Using of reconfigurable logic makes it possible to quickly adjust the system to the conditions of a particular experiment and the available equipment. The hardware capabilities of the scanning control system allows in the future to connect up to 4 spectrometric ADC for mapping the elemental composition of samples using Proton Induced X-ray Emission and Proton Backscattering. The first experiments on the irradiation of polymethylmethacrylate have been carried out; images of the obtained microstructures taken with a scanning electron microscope are shown. The aim of this work is to develop a control system for scanning a high-energy focused beam in proton beam writing technique to create small-sized structures for special purposes, as well as to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed system.
Influence of the Order of Ion Implantation on Luminescent Spectrum of ZnSe Nanocrystals
Authors: Boichenko Anna , Kononenko Sergiy , Komarov Fadei , Kalantaryan Oganes , Zhurenko Vitaliy , Avotin Stanislav , Rokhmanov Nikolay
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the results of mathematical treatment of the luminescent spectra of ZnSe nanocrystals. The samples were formed by the implantation of 150 keV Zn+ and 170 keV Se+ ions in silicon dioxide layer obtained by oxidation of a silicon substrate. We analyzed two sorts of the samples obtained with different implantation sequences: Zn+ were implanted first, and Se+ implanted next (sample A); reverse sequence with Se+ implanted at the beginning (sample B). The spectra obtained for different implantation sequences A and B differed from each other. It was found that besides the intensive evident bands with maxima at 2.3 eV (540 nm) and 2.85 eV (430 nm), which were associated with ZnSe intrinsic luminescent centers, there were two bands with maxima at 1.9 eV (650 nm) and 2.6 eV (480 nm), which were related to intrinsic SiO2 defects. Hereby the effect of the medium (silicon dioxide matrix) on luminescent spectra of SiO2 films with ZnSe nanocrystals formed by ion implantation was demonstrated. Mathematical treatment of the band shape with a maximum of 2.85 eV showed that the parameters such as full width at half maximum, skewness and kurtosis indicated the dependence of size distribution of ZnSe nanoparticles on the implantation sequence of ions. The results are in a good agreement with the data of Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Quality of life and medication adherence in patients with chronic heart failure associated with arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Khaniukov Oleksii , Smolianova Oleksandra
Published: August 2022

As a permanent blockage of the pathogenetic chains of the disease prevents its progression and decompensation, medication adherence remains a cornerstone in the management of chronic heart failure. Poor adherence leads to an increase in chronic heart failure manifestations and frequent hospitalizations, resulting in quality of life deterioration. Aim. To characterize the quality of life in the elderly with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction on the background of arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease, and to determine the effect of medication adherence on the quality of life. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 122 patients aged 64 [62; 68] years with chronic heart failure on the background of arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease. All participants underwent a clinical examination, a creatinine level determination with subsequent calculation of GFR EPI, a 6-minute walk test, an assessment according to the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, and the Morisky Green Medication Adherence Scale. Based on the medication adherence level, the participants were divided into 2 groups. Results. Patients in both groups were comparable in age, sex, and ejection fraction. The patients in the non-adherent cohort had more comorbid diseases, greater systolic blood pressure and functional class according to NYHA, higher heart rate, a larger percentage of patients with lung crackles and GFR EPI less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2, lower GFR EPI, the shorter distance at 6-minute walk test, and the worse quality of life. The the quality of life was (the first figure – during hospitalization, the second - after 6 months, the third - after 12 months): 50 [39; 61], 42 [31; 50] and 40 [29; 50] scores among all the patients; 58.5 [48; 62], 47 [42; 52] and 47.5 [38; 54] scores – among non-adherent cohort; 41 [35, 53], 30 [28; 40] is the 29 [27; 40] scores - among the adherent patients. Conclusion. The quality of life of non-adherent patients was significantly worse in comparison with those who were more adherent to therapy. This difference was observed during both hospitalization and repeated outpatient observations. Medication adherence remained a significant quality of life predictor at all three visits: worsening in adherence level resulted in a quality of life deterioration. As the mediators causing the connection between medication adherence and the quality of life were patients' characteristics indicating poor diseases compensation.
A rare type of postoperative abdominal herniation
Authors: Pronin Vasyl , Matvieienko Mariia
Published: August 2022

Resume. Postoperative abdominal hernia is considered the most common complication in abdominal surgery. Aim. To acquaint medical practitioners with the clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of impaired postoperative contraperture true abdominal hernia on the background of a closed abdominal injury. Materials and methods. We present a clinical case of our own observation of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of impaired postoperative contraperture true abdominal hernia with necrosis of the loop of the small intestine and necrosis of the large omentum, acute strangulation small intestinal obstruction, general serous-fibrinous peritonitis, adhesive peritoneal disease of the 2nd degree at patient with closed abdominal trauma. Results. The patient with a closed abdominal injury, the results of the examination and treatment of which are given in the article, in the anamnesis - cholecystoectomy 39 years ago. The preliminary diagnosis: closed abdominal trauma, peritonitis. Intraoperatively, a case of true postoperative abdominal hernia of rare localization - contraperture hernia. It was taking into account the patient's complaints, medical history, results of physical examination, the results of laboratory and instrumental methods of research available at the time of examination. The clinical interest is not only the rarity of the birth of this pathology, but also the history of the disease, diagnostic search, clinical picture and treatment tactic. Conclusions. In this case, the patient was probably a hernia carrier for many years, and the injury only provoked the infringement. The patient sought medical help late, as result of which the picture of peritonitis was obvious. This made it possible to quickly decide on the need for surgical treatment. Otherwise, the likelihood of a tactical error is not excluded. We believe this case is interesting because one should always remember about the possible surgical pathology against the background of a closed abdominal trauma.
Plan de seguro de salud: factor que más contribuye a las desigualdades en la mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier , Gil Fabian , Guarnizo-Herreño Carol C.
Published: August 2022

Objetivo.

Cuantificar las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia y evaluar en qué medida el tipo de seguro de salud, la carga de enfermedades concomitantes, la zona de residencia y el origen étnico explican estas desigualdades.

Métodos.

Se analizaron los datos de una cohorte retrospectiva de casos de COVID-19. Se estimó el índice relativo de desigualdad (IRD) y el índice de desigualdad basado en la pendiente (IDP) utilizando modelos de supervivencia con todos los participantes, y estratificándolos por edad y sexo. El porcentaje de reducción del IRD y el IDP se calculó después de ajustar con respecto a factores que podrían ser relevantes.

Resultados.

Se pusieron en evidencia desigualdades notables en toda la cohorte y en los subgrupos (edad y sexo). Las desigualdades fueron mayores en los adultos más jóvenes y disminuyeron de manera gradual con la edad, pasando de un IRD de 5,65 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC 95%] = 3,25-9,82) en los participantes menores de 25 años a un IRD de 1,49 (IC 95% = 1,41-1,58) en los mayores de 65 años. El tipo de seguro de salud fue el factor más importante, al cual se atribuyó 20% de las desigualdades relativas y 59% de las absolutas.

Conclusiones.

La mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia presenta importantes desigualdades socioeconómicas. El seguro de salud aparece como el factor que más contribuye a estas desigualdades, lo cual plantea retos al diseño de las estrategias de salud pública.
Stead Ellis, Architect
Authors: Marriage Guy , Marriage Robin , Bowman Ian
Published: August 2022

In December 1879, Stead Ellis landed in New Zealand, with family, seeking work as an architect in the South Island, along with his pupil, budding architect Joshua Charlesworth. Finding work in Nelson as the Architect for the Nelson Education Board in early 1880, Ellis was a key architect, along with Beatson, in the appearance of early Nelson's public buildings. Ellis was responsible for designing many school buildings in the Nelson region, and also other commissions such as the church at Motupiko. Very little remains of Ellis' lifetime of work, with most schools having replaced their buildings several times over, but some few scraps of Ellis' work remain - namely two buildings: the Bishops School, near the Nelson Cathedral, and the Anglican church at Motupiko. This paper will examine and trace remaining work of Stead Ellis.
"further proof of the robust nature of the local economy": macroeconomics as architectural driver of Palmerston North's Civic Administration Building
Authors: Schmidt Tyson
Published: August 2022

The Civic Administration Building in Palmerston North is often rated the ugliest building in the city. Dreamed of at the start of the 1970s, it was seen as eventually being the physical manifestation of Palmerston North's big city status (once Hamilton had been defeated). By the time it was completed at end of the decade it was a monument to austerity, having survived rampant inflation and central Government controls, and proudly declared as a "solid, practical unobtrusive building." This paper explores how the macroeconomic conditions of the 1970s shaped this transition from dream to practical necessity.
Fearsome Horses: the nightmares that wrecked Lambton Quay
Authors: Humphris Adrian , Mew Geoff
Published: August 2022

The 1970s saw an unprecedented wave of building demolition along the western side of Lambton Quay as well as in other parts of central Wellington. A 1972 survey carried out by the City Corporation identified buildings they determined to be at risk of collapse in a moderate earthquake, with "A" being the highest risk category. Those classified as "A" were then targeted for demolition. The survey followed a Chamber of Commerce discussion paper produced in November 1971 that was concerned with future regional development. As a result, many small buildings were replaced with fewer, much larger tower blocks. These tower blocks were built to maximise returns on investment according to the size of the footprint (with little or no regard for aesthetics). Although some were completed in the 1970s, others were not topped off until the 1980s.

This paper evaluates the reasons for the apparent sudden upsurge in awareness of "awesome forces," the publicity given to the survey, and the likely outcomes for building owners. It traces the building history of a varied selection of "at risk" commercial premises; a few of which have survived - at least partially in façade form - and some of the buildings that succeeded them. At the time there seems to have been little historical consideration or awareness of what was being lost, and strengthening options were seldom explored in depth. Hence many varied two- to five-storey buildings erected in late Victorian and early Edwardian times were irreversibly pulled down to be replaced by characterless, anonymous and overbearing tower blocks.
Campus Concrete
Authors: McCarthy Christine
Published: August 2022

This paper will look at the celebrations of concrete apparent in the Brutalist architecture of the 1970s. It will particularly examine Toomath's Wellington Teachers' Training College (Stage I design 1962-65, built 1966-69; Stage II design 1966-69; built 1972-75), Chris Brooke-White's Central Institute of Technology campus in Heretaunga, Upper Hutt (Stage 1, 1969-72; Stage II, 1972-77), and Ted McCoy's additions to Otago University (namely the Archway Theatres (1972-73) and the Hocken Building (1979-80)). Concrete is understood on these sites as textures as well as spatial articulators. Helmut Einhorn's 1975 consideration of concrete surfaces for the Wellington Urban Motorway, Charles Fearnley's 1975 Where have all the Textures gone? and Banham's 1955 "The New Brutalism," will provide the prime theoretical context.
The "last thought is to escape": New Zealand's tree-planting prison camps
Authors: McCarthy Christine
Published: August 2022

1913 marked the close of New Zealand's first prison tree-planting camp (Waiotapu). The 1910s also saw the closure of the Hanmer and Waipa Valley camps. Dumgree was the first to close in 1908 and Kaingaroa the last in 1920. Tree-planting also occurred at Point Halswell from 1904 continuing through the 1910s, resulting in the forestation of Miramar Peninsular with over 160,000 trees having been planted by 1915. Tree-planting, like other work camps, were considered to be suitable for only some prisoners, with Hume stating that: "Some men are safe only under lock and key and behind a fourteen-foot boundary-wall. The class of prisoner required for tree-planting or similar work in the country is the man who is determined to shorten his term of imprisonment by good conduct and industry, whose last thought is to escape, and who therefore needs little supervision." Additionally, tree-planting camps reflected late nineteenth-century shifts in criminology, which emphasised individual pyschology (over physical punishment), in both the selection of inmates suitable for tree-planting and the potential for behavioural change. This paper will examine this period of New Zealand's tree-planting prison camps.
House or flat?
Authors: Vale Brenda , Vale Robert
Published: August 2022

The modern argument of high density versus low density living is not new. In 1915 Florence Taylor wrote an article for the Australian journal Building, entitled "The Home - or the Flat?'" (Taylor "The Home - or the Flat?" pp 125-126), Before reading on, the reader knew from the article title that a house was a home and a flat was not. Taylor's argument was that women who lived in flats would become "flaccid and unwomanly" and fail to bear children (she was childless). She believed that "cheap and convenient suburban transport [based on "State-owned trams" which made "communication … easy and cheap"] … together with wide suburban areas offers the best solution of the healthy, prolific population." By the 1920s she had changed her opinion in favour of flats. A similar process at later dates occurred in New Zealand where in 1919 Samuel Hurst Seager used the report of the 1918 town planning conference in Brisbane to promote the garden village with its separate homes as the answer to the New Zealand housing problem. However, by 1936 in the first issue of Building Today (later Home and Building) the inner city Cintra House flats in Auckland were hailed as "... a very fine practical home for modern living" (Anon "Cintra" pp 19-21). The architect was Horace Massey and much of the fitted interior furniture that gave this practicality was designed by RGS Beatson, the newly appointed co-editor of Home and Building.
Türkiye’de emekli bireylerin iş yaşamlarına yeniden dönmelerine ilişkin sosyoekonomik nedenler
Authors: Çakan Serdar , Gök Benan
Published: August 2022

Daha uzun yaşam beklentileri ve daha düşük doğurganlık oranları ile birçok ülke, yaşlanan bir nüfusa sahip olmanın getirdiği finansal ve psikolojik sorunlar ile işgücü arzı problemleriyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. İleri yaştaki bireylerin emekli olduktan sonra tekrar çalışma yaşamlarını devam ettirmek istemeleri, bu zorluklarla mücadelenin önemli bir yolu olarak görülmektedir. Son yıllarda örgütler, daha ileri yaştaki emekli bireylerin çalışma yaşamlarını devam ettirmeleri için işyeri uygulamalarını daha kapsayıcı olacak şekilde ayarlama gerektiğini anlamaya başlamaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, daha ileri yaştaki bireylerin emeklilik sonrası yeniden çalışmaya devam etme niyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran nispeten az sayıda ampirik çalışma bulunmaktadır. Literatürdeki bu az sayıdaki ampirik çalışma bulguları, hangi faktörlerin ileri yaştaki emekli bireylerin çalışmaya devam etmeye teşvik etmede etkili olduğunu belirlemeye yönlendirmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, emekli olduktan sonra tekrar iş yaşantısına dönen ileri yaştaki bireylerin işgücüne sürekli katılım kararlarını etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğunu belirlemektir. Bu araştırmanın örneklemi, İstanbul, Sakarya ve Kocaeli illerinde yaşayan ve emeklilik sonrası çalışmaya devam eden katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Toplanan verilerin, betimsel ve içerik analizleri ile değerlendirilerek ampirik bulgulara ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma sayesinde “kariyer/yaş ilişkisine bağlı algılar”, “gelir kaybı/alım gücü”, “toplumsal statü/itibar” ve “kişisel beden ve ruh sağlığı” başlıklı alt temalar üzerinden etkili sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların ilgili iş kanunlarında ve SGK mevzuatında iyileştirmeler yapılmasına katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.
Yeminli mali müşavirlerde iş stresinin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisi: Ankara örneği
Authors: Dalmış Alper Bahadır , Koçak Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışma, yeminli mali müşavirlerin iş stresi deneyimleme durumunun tükenmişlik duygusu üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Literatür doğrultusunda hipotezler oluşturularak test edilmiştir. İş stresini ölçmek için Weiman Mesleki Stresi Ölçeği, tükenmişlik ve alt boyutlarını ölçmek için Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılımıştır. Ölçeklerin Cronbach’s Alpha güvenilirlik katsayısı sırasıyla 0,70 ve 0,789’dur. Çalışmada iş stresinin genel tükenmişlik düzeyi üzerindeki etkisiyle birlikte tükenmişliğin alt boyutları olan kişisel başarı eksikliği, duyarsızlaşma ve duygusal tükenme alt boyutları üzerindeki etkisi de incelenmiştir. İş stresinin tükenmişlik ve alt boyutları üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek amacıyla korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yürütülmüştür. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre iş stresinin hem genel tükenmişlik üzerinde hem de alt boyutları üzerinde pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Bu doğrultuda yeminli mali müşavirlerin ürettikleri bilgilerin güvenilir, karşılaştırılabilir ve anlaşılır olması açısından iş stresinden ve iş stresinin tetiklediğitükenmişlikten kurtulmaları gerekmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda yeminli mali müşavirlere yönelik stres ve tükenmişlik üzerine bilgi verilebilecek mesleki eğitim ve hizmet içi eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi önerilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmanın kısıtlı bir örneklem ile yürütülmüş olmasından dolayı gelecek çalışmaların daha büyük örneklem ve farklı demografik değişkenlerin de dahil edilerek yürütülmesi önerilmektedir.
Investigation of CYP1B1*3 and CYP1B1*4 polymorphisms in a Turkish population
Authors: Solmaz Kargın Fatma Özlem , Akgöl Jale , Becit Kızılkaya Merve , Ada Ahmet Oğuz
Published: August 2022

CYP1B1 is a P450 enzyme involved in activating pro-carcinogens to carcinogens as well as estrogen metabolism. In order to examine the effect of CYP1B1 on cancer metabolism, it should be compared with healthy individuals and whether the polymorphism between healthy individuals and sick individuals is significant. This study aims to screen the CYP1B1*3 and CYP1B1*4 polymorphisms of a group of individuals who have not been diagnosed with cancer to examine the genetic differences of metabolic enzymes in the Turkish population.This study is a cross-sectional type descriptive study.The study included 295 patients without a cancer diagnosis. The research sample includes patients who applied to Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospital and Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Research and Application Hospital. The individuals signed voluntary consent forms before participation, and 3 ml blood samples were taken from each. DNA samples were obtained using a DNA isolation kit, and then polymorphism was determined by real-time PCR. The distribution of CYP1B1*3 and CYP1B1*4 polymorphism in healthy individuals was determined. The frequency of CYP1B1*1/*1 (wild type), CYP1B1*1/*3 (heterozygous) and, CYP1B1*3/*3 (mutant) genotypes were found 39.33%, 50.67% and 10.0% respectively. The frequency of CYP1B1*1/*1 (wild type), CYP1B1*1/*4 (heterozygous) and, CYP1B1*4/*4 (mutant) genotypes were found 39.31%, 60.69% and 0% respectively. No individuals with mutant genotype were detected in this genotype (CYP1B1*4).The results show that the genotype frequencies of the CYP1B1*3 gene polymorphism in a Turkish population are similar to other Caucasian populations. However, it was determined that the Turkish population did not show similarity with other races in terms of CYP1B1*4 polymorphism.
Evaluation of patients admitted to our hospital with a possible diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Tünay Havva , Konya Petek Şarlak , Korkmaz Derya , Demirtürk Neşe , Çolak Gamze
Published: August 2022

We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings, and outcomes associated with the severity of illness of patients admitted to our hospital with possible COVID-19 diagnosis. The patients admitted to our hospital with a possible diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 25 and December 3, 2020, were evaluated retrospectively. In terms of their clinical, laboratory, imaging findings, and mortality were compared between patients discharged and hospitalized with died and survivors. 12470 patients admitted to our hospital with a possible diagnosis of COVID-19 tested by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Of those tested, 3116 (24.9%) were positive. Of the patients, 2529 (81.2%) were discharged, 587 (18.8%) hospitalized, and 92 (3%) were died. In the comparison of discharged, and hospitalized groups, a significant difference was found in age, symptoms, comorbid diseases, chest CT, laboratory findings, and mortality (p< 0.05). In the comparison of survivor, and dead, the risk of mortality analysis showed similar characteristics. Older age, male gender, comorbidities, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased levels of CRP, NLR, D-dimer, ferritin, and chest CT findings were significant risk factors. Of the patients who died, 23 (25%) were female and 69 (75%) were male. The outbreak of COVID-19 is a significantly health problem. We were experienced with high numbers of COVID-19 cases and found that age, symptoms, comorbid diseases, chest CT, laboratory findings of inflammation are significant predictors for admission to hospital. Therefore, these risk factors should consider routinely for patients with a high risk of developing severe and critical diseases by clinicians.
The History of the Roman Republic According to the Axiological Approach: On the Problem of the mos maiorum Essence
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Kudratov A.O.
Published: August 2022

This article analyzes one way to make a theoretical sense of the essence of the Roman civic ethics, a constant element of the political struggle in the Roman Republic. Notably, the axiological approach, which is an important methodological tool due to the specifics of the Roman political practice, has not been used in historiography to its fullest potential due to lack of conceptualization. This is reflected in historiographical studies: most researchers unanimously emphasize the essential role of the Roman virtues (virtutes) in the Roman political culture. The analysis of the historiographical works showed that philological methods are traditionally used to study the Roman virtues, which serve as a key to answering numerous questions related to the ideas of the Romans. The results obtained revealed that these tools are not sufficient themselves due to the discrepancy between the Roman reality and political rhetoric, in the context of which the virtues are identified. Differences were found between Russian and foreign historiography in the approaches to the analysis of the concepts related to the one under consideration here. The vast potential of using the axiological approach to study the Roman history was outlined. Earlier attempts to get the most of it were critically assessed. To advance the achievements that have been made, the concept of value was clarified and defined in terms of the Roman political context.
Women’s Influence on the Private Life of Society in Late Antiquity According to Saint Augustine
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015 Russia, Anokhina E.V.
Published: August 2022

This article considers the forms of women’s influence in Saint Augustine’s “Confessiones” that are realized through the sphere of private life. The analysis of the historical context revealed that Late Antiquity, characterized by continuity and transitivity, was marked by a coexistence of the ancient and Christian traditions. Interestingly, it was natural that these traditions became intertwined in the mindset of a person. The gender-marked expressions used by Saint Augustine were studied, and the conclusion was made that he appears to more stick to the ancient ideas about femininity/masculinity, including the belief that women, who were perceived as physically and emotionally imperfect, must be placed under the control of men, i.e., they should obey stronger persons. Simultaneously, the dualism of Saint Augustine’s thinking was noted: he was a striking representative of Late Antiquity, thus he placed religion above gender and the Christian wife above her pagan husband. The main types of influence exerted by women on men were highlighted in accordance with the established instruments of such influence: emotional impact and sexual attachment. From the results obtained, it was summed up that the views of Saint Augustine on women’s influence correlate with his gender-related ideas, as well as with his moral principles.
Conflicts in the Convents of Poitiers and Tours (Second Half of the 6th Century)
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Bikeeva N.Yu.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the causes of conflict situations in the convents of Poitiers and Tours. These incidents show that noble women of the Frankish Kingdom actively participated in the political events of the country during the second half of the 6th century. The motives that prompted Bishop Gregory of Tours to write about these events in his famous historical essay are revealed. The tendentiousness of the author, who created the images of the participants and described the course of the events based on his own goals and objectives, is noted. It is concluded that women of the Merovingian epoch could openly participate in various political events, including the use of violence. The involvement of nuns in uprisings and riots was not always assessed negatively by the contemporaries. When it was profitable, secular authorities supported the organizers of conflicts and even saved them from church punishment. The Church could also use the women’s rebellions to its advantage. Modern researchers must take into account the rhetoric of sources, as well as the motives and intentions of their authors. The causes of the uprisings were complex, with conflicts playing an important role in the struggle for political gain and influence between various branches of government.
The Catholic Clergy of England in the Conditions of Plague Epidemics during the 14th–15th Centuries
Authors:   M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Ufa, 450000 Russia, Leonova T.A. , Shuteleva I.A. ,   M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Ufa, 450000 Russia
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the social role played by the clergy and the Catholic Church in England during the plague epidemics of the late Middle Ages. The commonly held viewpoints of modern medieval researchers on assessing the phenomenon and consequences of plague epidemics in Europe are presented. It is shown that the population of the parishes of England, including the parish clergy, is the least studied social sphere of that period. The contemporaries perceived the events of the epidemic through a system of symbols that denoted the inevitability of a catastrophe for nature and society. The possible influence of the ideas about the alien in the liquidation of foreign monasteries, traditionally seen as resulting from the anti-papal sentiments in England, is considered using an interdisciplinary approach. The results obtained reveal that any astrological explanations for the plague were categorically denied in the highest echelons of church power. The ethical context of the disasters that befell was widely approved. Hence, the Church tried to morally improve the society to counteract the plague. The conclusion is made that the repeated plague epidemics caused substantial changes in the demographics of the late medieval population, including the parish clergy, which is evidenced by the reduction of at least 500 parishes in England. Based on the ethical explanation of the epidemics nature, the Catholic Church considered charity an important factor in rallying society and resisting the plague.
“Napoleonic Egyptology”: The Progression of Views Held by Europe about Egyptian Culture during the Early 19th Century
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Chiglintsev E.A. , Shadrina N.A. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Artyukh G.Yu. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
Published: August 2022

This article discusses how the views about the heritage of Egyptian culture were shaped in the minds of the European participants of Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign. The origins of European Egyptology are considered. The extensive contribution of the Arab-Islamic culture of Egypt, which retained both the archaic traces of ancient Egypt and the traditions of Hellenistic and Christian Egypt, into this process is analyzed. The term “Napoleonic Egyptology” is introduced. We defined it as a system of authentic written and visual sources that had a major influence on the initial perception of the ancient Egyptian culture and became the basis of subsequent Egyptological studies carried out by special institutions and destined to help Europeans to have a better understanding of the value of the ancient Egyptian civilization. Of particular interest is how the cultural layers of Egyptian culture of that time either stood out or merged in the image of the East that was developed by the Europeans who took part in the Egyptian campaign. It is emphasized that scholars who accompanied Napoleon’s troops had no idea of any connection between the ancient (Egyptian) and modern (Islamic) components of the regional culture. This hypothesis is substantiated by the structure of the book “Description of Egypt” with its separate volumes devoted to Egyptian antiquities and the Islamic Egypt. In this work, the images of ancient Egypt and modern East are parallel. The idea largely underpinned the evolution of European studies of the ancient Egyptian civilization.
The Population of the Posad of the Fortress City of Tetyushi in the 17th Century and Its Occupational Structure
Authors:   A.Kh. Khalikov Institute of Archaeology, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420012 Russia, Pashina E.V.
Published: August 2022

This article describes the structure and dynamics of the population of the posad of Tetyushi, a fortress city, during the 17th century. The analysis is based on the materials of medieval censuses (data taken from the census books of 1646, 1656–1657, and 1678; all being stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). The social terms of that time (bobyli (‘landless peasants’), rybnye lovtsy (‘fishermen’), zakhrebetniki (‘scrounges’), etc.) were defined. The social spheres in which the residents were employed, with particular attention paid to fishing, crafts, and trade, were considered. The results obtained show that the population of Tetyushi included mainly posad and bobyl residents. Since the city and its district stretched along the Volga River, they were all mainly fishermen. Professions that supported the normal existence of the city and its fortifications were also in demand, as well as military service and small-scale commodity production. It was concluded that Tetyushi of the 17th century was both the military settlement and the economic center of the entire district due to the large number of posad people living here.
Economic Activity of the Kazan City Duma in the 1870s–1880s: Considering the Development of Local Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Ibneyeva G.V. , Yakupov A.G. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the results of a complex study of the Kazan City Duma’s steps to advance local entrepreneurship during the 1870s–1880s under the conditions of the city reform initiated by Alexander II. The mechanism of issuing the following types of entrepreneurial certificates is analyzed: trade certificates, capture and estate manager’s certificates, certificates for the trade in gold and silver items, and trade powers of attorney. The quantitative data obtained from the research of clerical documents stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan show that trade certificates and certificates for the trade in gold and silver items were granted on a stable basis. The number of trade powers of attorney issued in 1870–1876 increased substantially, which is explained by the active development of trade with various cities. In 1876–1880, the volume of all types of documents that allowed the entrepreneurial activity decreased. This trend was driven by the reduction in civil industry funding during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, as well as by the spread of conservative sentiments within the ruling elite by the end of Alexander II’s reign.
The Concept of “Russification” as Understood by Professor P.V. Znamensky
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Moscow, 115184 Russia, Nekhorosheva T.M.
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, many polysemantic terms that are widely used in history, such as Russification, should be studied in detail and have their meanings clarified. This article analyzes the concept of Russification in the works of Pyotr Vasilyevich Znamensky (1836–1917), a historian and professor of the Kazan Theological Academy. The main structural components that are, to some extent, characteristic of Russification are revealed: linguistic community, unity of faith, and political loyalty. P.V. Znamensky’s attitude toward each of these elements in the context of the national policy problem in the Russian Empire is considered. The results obtained show that he did not support the idea that small-numbered peoples should have immediately switched to the Russian language in their liturgical life and education. Instead, he was a consistent supporter of N.I. Ilminsky’s system, entailing that non-Russian-speaking peoples should have been educated in their national languages. For P.V. Znamensky, Russification most often implied the Christianization of these peoples. According to him, Russification meant that the peoples of the Russian Empire loved the state and the emperor and were loyal to the authorities. At the same time, P.V. Znamensky did not completely deny the possibility of a gradual natural assimilation of some peoples with the Russians over time.
France in the Interwar Period: The Origins of the Disaster [Review: Vershinin A.A., Naumova N.N. From Triumph to Catastrophe: The Military and Political Defeat of France in 1940 and Its Origins. St. Petersburg, Aleteya, 2022. (In Russian)]
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Shmelev D.V.
Published: August 2022

This article reviews A.A. Vershinin and N.N. Naumova’s monograph devoted to the analysis of the causes of the military and political collapse of the French Third Republic. The following key points covered by the authors are considered here: the problems with finding strong allies, rearmament, and military security, all discussed during the interwar period. In addition, special attention is paid to the events that led to the crushing defeat of the French army and to the general political state of France by the downfall of the French Third Republic. Some controversial issues resulting from different opinions on the events of diplomatic and military history are explored. The features of the foreign and defense policy of France and its participation in the early stage of World War II (the Phoney War), the circumstances associated with Marshal Ph. Pétain’s coming to power and the establishment of the collaborationist regime are outlined.
Marc Ferro and the French School of the History of International Relations
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Kalimonov I.K. , Tumanin V.E. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Kamaletdinova E.I. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on an interesting aspect of the scholarly career of Marc Ferro, one of the most famous French historians of the 20th century. He was not only the editor-in-chief of the Annales, but also the co-editor of the Journal of Contemporary History, which encouraged him to attempt experiences beyond the traditional scope of the Annales. Historians who published their findings in the Annales were either medieval or modern history researchers, i.e., they believed that contemporary history provides no suitable material for historical studies. Thus, M. Ferro was a pioneer of the study of the modern history of France. In addition, as a disciple of Pierre Renouwen, he actively developed the history of international relations. P. Renouwen and M. Ferro, unlike most historians of the Annales School of History, held to the critical assessment of the role of mentality in historical change. Here we discuss their approach to the study of the world of perceptions as a factor determining the dynamics of change in the world of people’s perceptions and its reflection in the changing international situation. Based on an analysis of the works of these historians, it is concluded that a shortcoming of the traditional approaches of the Annales School is the desire for universalism, which became a source of misunderstanding of many contemporary processes that the West deals with in the former colonial countries.
Vladimir Matula as L. Štúr’s Follower, Slavist, and Organizer of International Congresses of Slavists
Authors:   Comenius University, Bratislava, 81499 Slovak Republic, Daniš M. , Rokina G.V. ,   Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, 424000 Russia
Published: August 2022

This article commemorates the death anniversary of the famous Slovak Slavist Vladimir Matula (1928–2011) and covers the main milestones in his life, research work, and activities as a founder of Slavistics in the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The scope of his studies was analyzed, and the results obtained reveal that he was mostly focused on the life and work of Ľudovít Štúr, the founding father of the Slovak nation, and on the Slovak–Russian relations in the spheres of science and culture during the 19th century. Based on the historiographic sources and ego-documents, the main stages in the formation of V. Matula’s worldview as a researcher and his contribution to the historical science in Slovakia were considered. Special attention was paid to V. Matula’s role in the organization of international scientific congresses and the institutionalization of inter-Slavic contacts. The conclusion was made that V. Matula’s research findings and his impact on the development and strengthening of the Slovak–Russian relations in science and culture have been poorly addressed in both Russian and Slovak historiography.
The Title ‘Senti’ during the First Persian Period
Authors:   Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Izosimov D.A.
Published: August 2022

Modern scholars have expressed divergent views on the issue of the degree of interaction between Egyptian dignitaries and the satrapy administration during the first Persian period (526–402 B.C.). However, for a correct understanding of how Egyptians cooperated with Persians, it is necessary to analyze the specific functions performed by nobles of that period and the scope of their activity. This article analyzes the mentions of the title ‘senti’ in the inscriptions on the private monuments of Egyptian dignitaries and in the demotic Story of Peteis III. It is suggested that the ‘senti’ were mostly responsible for managing priestly affairs and for accounting and control of land plots and the income from using them. In the Story of Peteis III, the ‘senti’ person also acts as the highest judicial authority settling the dispute between Peteis III and the priests of the temple of Amun of Teudjoy, as well as several other issues. Therefore, the title ‘senti’ must have been introduced during the reign of King Amasis in an attempt to curb the autonomy of priestly corporations. Persians maintained the same policy and approved the continuation of the position of ‘senti’. Due to the important role of tax collection in the economy of the Persian Empire, the appointment of Egyptian nobles to the position of ‘senti’, which is directly associated with this function, indicates that Persians allowed the local elite to access and hold some key public positions in the satrapy.