bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unifying Dual-Attention and Siamese Transformer Network for Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Tang Zhenjun , Chen Zhiyuan , Li Zhixin , Zhong Bineng , Zhang Xianquan , Zhang Xinpeng
Published: May 2023

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) is a critical task of computer vision. Most Full-Reference (FR) IQA methods have limitation in the accurate prediction of perceptual qualities of the traditional distorted images and the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based distorted images. To address this issue, we propose a novel method by Unifying Dual-Attention and Siamese Transformer Network (UniDASTN) for FR-IQA. An important contribution is the spatial attention module composed of a Siamese Transformer Network and a feature fusion block. It can focus on significant regions and effectively maps the perceptual differences between the reference and distorted images to a latent distance for distortion evaluation. Another contribution is the dual-attention strategy that exploits channel attention and spatial attention to aggregate features for enhancing distortion sensitivity. In addition, a novel loss function is designed by jointly exploiting Mean Square Error (MSE), bidirectional Kullback–Leibler divergence, and rank order of quality scores. The designed loss function can offer stable training and thus enables the proposed UniDASTN to effectively learn visual perceptual image quality. Extensive experiments on standard IQA databases are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed UniDASTN. The IQA results demonstrate that the proposed UniDASTN outperforms some state-of-the-art FR-IQA methods on the LIVE, CSIQ, TID2013, and PIPAL databases.
Wavoice: An mmWave-Assisted Noise-Resistant Speech Recognition System
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Wang Chao , Li Zhengxiong , Huang Ming-Chun , Xu Wenyao , Lin Feng
Published: May 2023

As automatic speech recognition evolves, deployment of the voice user interface (VUI) has boomingly expanded. Especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the VUI has gained more attention in online communication owing to its non-contact property. However, the VUI struggles to be applied in public scenes due to the degradation of received audio signals caused by various ambient noises. In this article, we propose
Wavoice
, the first noise-resistant multi-modal speech recognition system that fuses two distinct voices sensing modalities (i.e., millimeter-wave signals and audio signals from a microphone) together. One key contribution is to model the inherent correlation between millimeter-wave and audio signals. Based on it,
Wavoice
facilitates the real-time noise-resistant voice activity detection and user targeting from multiple speakers. Additionally, we elaborate on two novel modules for multi-modal fusion embedded into the neural network, leading to accurate speech recognition. Extensive experiments prove the effectiveness of
Wavoice
under adverse conditions—that is, the character recognition error rate below 1% in a range of 7 m. In terms of robustness and accuracy,
Wavoice
considerably outperforms existing audio-only speech recognition methods with lower character error and word error rates.
Determination of Kinetic Properties of Ni(II) Ions in Molten LiF-NaF-KF via Voltammetry
Authors: Smith Nathan D. , Lombardo Stephen , Shang Shun-Li , Liu Zi-Kui , Kim Hojong
Published: May 2023

Kinetic properties of Ni(II) in eutectic LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) molten salt were determined at T = 748–823 K using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and chronoamperometry (CA) measurements using a glassy C working electrode, Ni(II)/Ni reference electrode, and Ni counter electrode. Reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(s) was determined to be a single step, two-electron transfer process. Diffusivity values were calculated using the Berzins and Delahay equation and semi-integral electroanalysis from the CV measurements as well as using the Cottrell equation from the CA measurements. Diffusivity of Ni(II) in molten FLiNaK at T = 748–823 K was determined to be 3.27 × 10–7–3.04 × 10–6 cm2 s–1 with an activation energy of 62–104 kJ mol–1. The estimated kinetic properties varied appreciably among methodologies possibly due to inherent assumptions in theory regarding reversibility and unit activity during Ni metal deposition on the working electrode.
Expression of hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) in zonally defined vestibular calyx terminals of the crista
Authors: Meredith Frances L. , Vu Tiffany A. , Gehrke Brandon , Benke Timothy A. , Dondzillo Anna , Rennie Katherine J.
Published: May 2023

Calyx afferent terminals make synapses with vestibular hair cells and express diverse conductances that impact action potential firing in vestibular primary afferents. Conventional and nonconventional synaptic transmission modes are influenced by hyperpolarization-activated current ( Ih), but regional differences were previously unexplored. We show that Ih is present in both central and peripheral calyces of the mammalian crista. Ih produces a small depolarizing resting current that facilitates firing by driving the membrane potential closer to threshold.
Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on Monomer Release from Aged Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Resin Composites
Authors: Abdollahpour Siavash , Estedlal Tarane , Chiniforush Nasim , Rafeie Niyousha , Nikparto Nariman , Abbasi Mahdi , Ranjbar Omrani Ladan
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Recently, the application of laser-assisted bleaching has increased in dental practice. This method might affect the physical and chemical properties of resin composite and its monomer release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-office, at-home, and laser-assisted bleaching on the monomer release (bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)) from aged nanohybrid (Grandio, Voco) and microhybrid (Clearfil AP-X Esthetics, Kuraray) resin composites. Methods. Thirty-two samples of each composite were prepared. The samples underwent aging procedure with UV light at 65°C for 100 hr. The samples were divided into 4 groups: OB: conventional in-office bleaching with Opalescence Boost PF 40% gel; HB: home bleaching with Opalescence PF 15% gel; LB: bleaching with JW Power bleaching gel followed by diode laser application; and C: control group without bleaching. Then, the samples were immersed in a solution containing 75% ethanol + 25% distilled water. The medium was renewed after 8, 16, 24 hr, and 7 days and was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate the monomer release. The data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey test. Results. The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release in both composites while it affected UDMA release in nanohybrid composite; UDMA release was significantly higher in LB compared to control and also higher in OB and LB compared to HB. No difference was observed in the microhybrid composite in this regard. Conclusion. Laser-assisted bleaching did not affect monomer release from microhybrid composite while it increased UDMA release from nanohybrid composite. The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release.
Signed Up with Family Doctors and Health Education among Internal Migrants in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Jun , Bai Yang , Liu Jue
Published: May 2023

Health education is one of the most effective and efficient ways to achieve the goal of universal health coverage and the sustainable development goals. The equity of access to health services (especially services from community healthcare centers) for internal migrants is an important issue of global concern. However, due to the registration system, long-term residence plan, education level, and other determinants, it is more difficult for internal migrants to enjoy equitable health education compared with local residents. At present, there is no research on signing up with family doctors mainly from community healthcare centers among internal migrants and their impact on access to health education services. In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we used the migrant population dynamic monitoring survey (MDMS) in 2018 to assess the disparities in signing up with a family doctor and its association with health education among internal migrants in China. Among the 151,892 participants, a total of 11.26% migrants had signed up with a family doctor and 81.37% internal migrants had received health education. There was a significant association between signing up with a family doctor and health education in the univariate model (aOR = 1.113; 95% CI: 1.095, 1.132) and the multivariate model (aOR = 1.107, 95% CI: 1.089, 1.126). Meanwhile, age (aORinteraction = 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994, 0.997), migration time (aORinteraction = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.907, 0.948), and migration range (aORinteraction = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.992, 0.997) also had an impact on the relationship between signing up with family doctors and health education. Due to the health education inequalities among internal migrants in China, we need to improve health education access and utilization of internal migrants. As signed up with family doctors was significantly associated with health education among migrants in China, we recommended that the government and healthcare facilities promote health education through family doctors. The number and professional ability of family doctors should also be improved especially in areas with weak healthcare service resources in the future.
Data from Large B-cell lymphomas of immune privileged sites relapse via parallel clonal evolution from a common progenitor B-cell
Authors: Los-de Vries G. Tjitske , Stathi Phylicia , Rutkens Ryanne , Hijmering Nathalie J. , Luijks Jeroen A.C.W. , Groenen Patricia J.T.A. , de Jong Daphne , Ylstra Bauke , Roemer Margaretha G.M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large B-cell lymphoma of immune privileged sites (LBCL-IP) arise in immune sanctuaries including the testis and central nervous system. After initially reaching complete response, relapses occur in almost 50% of patients, typically at other immune privileged sites. Resolution of the clonal relationships and evolutionary patterns of LBCL-IP is required to understand the unique clinical behavior. We collected a unique set of 33 primary–relapse LBCL-IP sample pairs and performed next-generation sequencing for copy number, mutation, translocation and immunoglobulin clonality analysis. All LBCL-IP sample pairs were clonally related, and both tumors developed from a common progenitor cell (CPC) with MYD88 and TBL1XR1 mutations and/or BCL6 translocations in 30/33 cases, indicating that these are early genetic events. This was succeeded by intermediate genetic events including shared, as well as unique alterations in targets of aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM), CD79B mutations and 9p21.3/CDKN2A loss. Genetic alterations in genes involved in immune escape (HLA, CD274/PDL1LG2) were predominantly unique in primary and relapse samples and thus considered late genetic events. Together, this study indicates that primary and relapsed LBCL-IP follow an early parallel evolutionary pattern where the CPC contains genetic alterations that support prolonged survival/proliferation and retention in a memory B-cell state, followed by germinal center re-entry, aSHM and immune escape.
Patient-Specific Targeting of the T-Cell Receptor Variable Region as a Therapeutic Strategy in Clonal T-Cell Diseases
Authors: Lucero Olivia M. , Lee Ji-Ann , Bowman Jenna , Johnson Kara , Sapparapu Gopal , Thomas John K. , Fan Guang , Chang Bill H. , Thiel-Klare Karina , Eide Christopher A. , Okada Craig , Palazzolo Mike , Lind Evan , Kosaka Yoko , Druker Brian J. , Lydon Nicholas , Bowers Peter M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Targeted therapeutics are a goal of medicine. Methods for targeting T-cell lymphoma lack specificity for the malignant cell, leading to elimination of healthy cells. The T-cell receptor (TCR) is designed for antigen recognition. T-cell malignancies expand from a single clone that expresses one of 48 TCR variable beta (Vβ) genes, providing a distinct therapeutic target. We hypothesized that a mAb that is exclusive to a specific Vβ would eliminate the malignant clone while having minimal effects on healthy T cells.

Experimental Design:

We identified a patient with large granular T-cell leukemia and sequenced his circulating T-cell population, 95% of which expressed Vβ13.3. We developed a panel of anti-Vβ13.3 antibodies to test for binding and elimination of the malignant T-cell clone.

Results:

Therapeutic antibody candidates bound the malignant clone with high affinity. Antibodies killed engineered cell lines expressing the patient TCR Vβ13.3 by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and TCR-mediated activation-induced cell death, and exhibited specific killing of patient malignant T cells in combination with exogenous natural killer cells. EL4 cells expressing the patient's TCR Vβ13.3 were also killed by antibody administration in an in vivo murine model.

Conclusions:

This approach serves as an outline for development of therapeutics that can treat clonal T-cell–based malignancies and potentially other T-cell–mediated diseases.

See related commentary by Varma and Diefenbach, p. 4024
Data from MYC induces immunotherapy and interferon-γ resistance through downregulation of JAK2
Authors: Markovits Ettai , Harush Ortal , Baruch Erez N. , Shulman Eldad D. , Debby Assaf , Itzhaki Orit , Anafi Liat , Danilevsky Artem , Shomron Noam , Ben-Betzalel Guy , Asher Nethanel , Shapira-Frommer Ronnie , Schachter Jacob , Barshack Iris , Geiger Tamar , Elkon Ran , Besser Michal J. , Markel Gal
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma. Because the pathways mediating resistance to immunotherapy are largely unknown, we conducted transcriptome profiling of pre-immunotherapy tumor biopsies from melanoma patients that received PD-1 blockade or adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We identified two melanoma-intrinsic, mutually exclusive gene programs, which were controlled by interferon-γ (IFNγ) and MYC, and the association with immunotherapy outcome. MYC-overexpressing melanoma cells exhibited lower IFNγ responsiveness, which was linked with JAK2 downregulation. Luciferase activity assays, under the control of JAK2 promoter, demonstrated reduced activity in MYC-overexpressing cells, which was partly reversible upon mutagenesis of a MYC E-box binding site in the JAK2 promoter. Moreover, silencing of MYC or its co-factor MAX with siRNA increased JAK2 expression and IFNγ responsiveness of melanomas, while concomitantly enhancing the effector functions of T cells co-incubated with MYC-overexpressing cells. Thus, we propose that MYC plays a pivotal role in immunotherapy resistance through downregulation of JAK2.
Endothelial PHACTR1 Promotes Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerosis by Repressing PPARγ Activity Under Disturbed Flow in Mice
Authors: Jiang Dongyang , Liu Hao , Zhu Guofu , Li Xiankai , Fan Linlin , Zhao Faxue , Xu Chong , Wang Shumin , Rose Yara , Rhen Jordan , Yu Ze , Yin Yiheng , Gu Yuling , Xu Xiangbin , Fisher Edward A. , Ge Junbo , Xu Yawei , Pang Jinjiang
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the
PHACTR1
(phosphatase and actin regulator 1) locus strongly correlate with coronary artery disease. However, the biological function of PHACTR1 remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the proatherosclerotic effect of endothelial PHACTR1, contrary to macrophage PHACTR1.

METHODS:

We generated global (

Phactr1
−/−

) and endothelial cell (EC)–specific (

Phactr1
ECKO

)
Phactr1
KO (knockout) mice and crossed these mice with apolipoprotein E–deficient (

Apoe
−/−

) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks or partially ligating carotid arteries combined with a 2-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. PHACTR1 localization was identified by immunostaining of overexpressed PHACTR1 in human umbilical vein ECs exposed to different types of flow. The molecular function of endothelial PHACTR1 was explored by RNA sequencing using EC-enriched mRNA from global or EC-specific
Phactr1
KO mice. Endothelial activation was evaluated in human umbilical vein ECs transfected with siRNA targeting
PHACTR1
and in

Phactr1
ECKO

mice after partial carotid ligation.

RESULTS:

Global or EC-specific
Phactr1
deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis in regions of disturbed flow. PHACTR1 was enriched in ECs and located in the nucleus of disturbed flow areas but shuttled to cytoplasm under laminar flow in vitro. RNA sequencing showed that endothelial
Phactr1
depletion affected vascular function, and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) was the top transcription factor regulating differentially expressed genes. PHACTR1 functioned as a PPARγ transcriptional corepressor by binding to PPARγ through the corepressor motifs. PPARγ activation protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial activation. Consistently,
PHACTR1
deficiency remarkably reduced endothelial activation induced by disturbed flow in vivo and in vitro. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished the protective effects of
Phactr1
KO on EC activation and atherosclerosis in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results identified endothelial PHACTR1 as a novel PPARγ corepressor to promote atherosclerosis in disturbed flow regions. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Shorter Door-to-Needle Times Are Associated With Better Outcomes After Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy and Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Man Shumei , Solomon Nicole , Mac Grory Brian , Alhanti Brooke , Uchino Ken , Saver Jeffrey L. , Smith Eric E. , Xian Ying , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schwamm Lee H. , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Fonarow Gregg C.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Existing data and clinical trials could not determine whether faster intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT) translates into better long-term functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke among those treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Patient-level national data can provide the required large population to study the associations between earlier IVT, versus later, with longitudinal functional outcomes and mortality in patients receiving IVT+EVT combined treatment.

Methods:

This cohort study included older US patients (age ≥65 years) who received IVT within 4.5 hours or EVT within 7 hours after acute ischemic stroke using the linked 2015 to 2018 Get With The Guidelines–Stroke and Medicare database (38 913 treated with IVT only and 3946 with IVT+EVT). Primary outcome was home time, a patient-prioritized functional outcome. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality in 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between door-to-needle (DTN) times and outcomes.

Results:

Among patients treated with IVT+EVT, after adjusting for patient and hospital factors, including onset-to-EVT times, each 15-minute increase in DTN times for IVT was associated with significantly higher odds of zero home time in a year (never discharged to home) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.19]), less home time among those discharged to home (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 per 1% of 365 days [95% CI, 0.89–0.98]), and higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.11]). These associations were also statistically significant among patients treated with IVT but at a modest degree (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04 for zero home time, 0.96 per 1% home time for those discharged to home, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.03 for mortality). In the secondary analysis where the IVT+EVT group was compared with 3704 patients treated with EVT only, shorter DTN times (≤60, 45, and 30 minutes) achieved incrementally more home time in a year, and more modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 at discharge (22.3%, 23.4%, and 25.0%, respectively) versus EVT only (16.4%,
P
<0.001 for each). The benefit dissipated with DTN>60 minutes.

Conclusions:

Among older patients with stroke treated with either IVT only or IVT+EVT, shorter DTN times are associated with better long-term functional outcomes and lower mortality. These findings support further efforts to accelerate thrombolytic administration in all eligible patients, including EVT candidates.
Study of the Effects of a Mathematics Teacher Education Program: What Went Wrong?
Authors: Pinzón Andrés , Gómez Pedro
Published: May 2023

If we want to understand what works in studies of teacher education programs, we also need to understand what does not work. In this article, we discuss why a study evaluating the effects of an education program on implementation practices yielded unexpected results. Interviews with a sample of teacher graduates from the program revealed that the program did have effects on implementation practices that were not evident in the original study. These effects are in the form of increased student participation, teamwork and the conception of error as opportunity. The instrument and procedures of the original study did not allow these effects to be seen.

The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.22339567.
The Bronze Age and Southeast Asia
Authors: Higham C.F.W.
Published: May 2023

As the scholarly border between China and Southeast Asia has dissipated, so the vast region from the Yangtze River to Malaysia has been integrated into a whole. There was an inexorable expansion of copper-base expertise southward, reaching Lingnan and Yunnan by 1400-1200 bc, and Southeast Asia one or two centuries later, with ultimate origins in the Asian steppes via the Chinese Central Plains and Sichuan. As prospectors identified and exploited the Southeast Asian copper mines, a limited range of copper-base artefacts moved along established exchange routes, including socketed axes, bangles and spears. At first rare and used to advertise status in communities advantaged by a strategic location, with increased production and in situ casting within consumer settlements, bronzes were no longer associated with social elites. Only with different regional stimuli during the Iron Age, were bronzes again employed by societies characterized by social inequality.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Grain Lipid Content in Rice Variety ‘Goudang 3’ Using Genome Re-Sequencing
Authors: Long Wu-Hua , Jiang Xue , Wu Chao-Xin , Li Zu-Jun , Wu Xian , Wang Zhong-Ni , Peng Qiang , Zhu Su-Song
Published: May 2023

Fat is the third largest substance in rice seeds, and its content has a great impact on rice cooking, taste and storage qualities. However, few genes related to seed fat content have been cloned, which seriously restricts the application of fat traits in high-quality rice breeding.
‘Goudang 3’ is a representative aromatic rice landrace of Guizhou He, a characteristic rice species resource in Guizhou Province, China. It has the advantages of high fat content, rich flavor, soft and glutinous taste, etc. In this work, to address this issue, from a high-fat content
rice variety, Goudang 3, and a low-fat content rice variety, Huazhan, a 148 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population were derived. A high-density genetic map with 4063 Bin Markers covering 12 chromosomes were constructed through simplified genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. In combination
with fat content, a brown rice fat content quantitative trait loci (QTL) qCFC3 was mapped within the 492 kb interval on chromosome 3. The qCFC3 was consistent with the previous reporting site, and no cloned fat content-related genes have been reported. LOC_Os03g13630 was
identified. In conclusion, these QTL and candidate gene can be used for improving rice quality and can lay a foundation for further cloning and functional analysis.
Robust Wood Sawdust/Microfibrous Cellulose Composite Board Cross-Linked by Phosphoric Acid-Activated Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Wang Lei , Miao Lei , Chen Dong-Chu , Zhang Min
Published: May 2023

The recycling use of wood sawdust to process composite boards has received much attention in recent years. To avoid the use of chemical adhesives, natural cellulose-based materials were often used as adhesives to combine wood sawdust. Rather than utilizing nanocellulose, the report
herein describes a method to prepare a robust composite board that is based on microfibrous cellulose, which is a low-cost commercial product. To effectively cross-link wood sawdust and microfibrous cellulose, phosphoric acid-activated glutaraldehyde was used as catalyst. Compared to its uncross-linked
counterpart, the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of the composite board that had been cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and phosphoric acid were significantly strengthened to 3.45±0.06 GPa and 36.5±3.5 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the moisture resistance of the cross-linked
composite board was also enhanced. After soaking in water for 24 h, the mass swelling ratio and thickness swelling ratio of cross-linked composite board had only changed 49% and 21%, respectively. These performances even exceeded that of composite board prepared from nanocellulose. The method
described in this work may have applications in commercial processing and the recycling of wood sawdust.
Analysis of Cylinder Drying Intensity of Cut Tobacco Based on Enthalpy Method
Authors: Liu Ze , Yang Yijie , Zhang Wei , Liu Na , Qiu Changgui , He Banghua , Li Siyuan , Zuo Wen , Fu Liang , Yang Qianxu , Chen Yubao
Published: May 2023

Cylinder drying of cut tobacco is one of the key processing technologies in cigarette manufacturing. And complex mass transfer and heat transfer phenomena were involved. In this paper, a thermodynamic model have been built for cut tobacco during cylinder drying process. The relationship
of different process parameters and thermodynamic data were analyzed by canonical correlation method, including amount of heat Qv produced in moisture evaporation of cut tobacco, amount of heat Qs produced in temperature increase of cut tobacco, total amount
of heat Q and thermal efficiency coefficient η. The results showed that the thermodynamic model explained the actual cut tobacco heating and heat distribution well in the cylinder drying process. The variation coefficients of the four thermodynamic parameters of cut tobacco under
the same processing conditions were all less than 5.0%. It is proved that the thermodynamic model established during cylinder drying process of cut tobacco is feasible.
Study on Distribution Characteristics of Mineral Nutrients in Fritillaria hubeiensis
Authors: Cheng Weishun , Luo Xi , Jiang Li , Guo Jie , Zhang Lihong , Xiao Kangfei , Hong Juan
Published: May 2023

The contents and correlation of various mineral elements in soil and roots, stems and leaves of Fritillaria hubeiensis were analyzed and evaluated to supply basis for diagnosis of soil mineral nutrition and rational fertilization of Fritillaria hubeiensis. The contents
of Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were tested by the inductively coupled plasma, and the results were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. The total contents of manganese, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil and roots, leaves and stems
of Fritillaria hubeiensis were different with different cultivation bases. The order of Fe and Cu contents was root > leaf > stem. The distribution of Zn showed a trend of “root > stem > leaf.” Between potassium content of soil and root, it was a significant
positive correlation. But there was a significant negative correlation between Zinc content of soil and root. The total contents of calcium and iron were positively correlated between roots and stems. The total contents of Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper were positively correlated
among stems and leaves, while the contents of Mn were positively correlated. Therefore, Fritillaria hubeiensis mainly regulates the amount of mineral nutrients through selective absorption.
Mechanistic Analysis of the Organic Chemistry of Flavonoids in Square Bamboo Leaves Based on Cloud Computing Data Processing
Authors: Luo Jing
Published: May 2023

In order to be able to better process the relevant experimental data in the organic chemistry study of Flavonoid of Fangzhu leaf, the article applies cloud computing to it, and improves the load factor by applying IWRR load balancing algorithm, selecting CPU processing power, network
bandwidth and memory capacity as load factors. The extraction and antioxidant activity of each other’s bamboo leaf flavonoids were studied by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, the best extraction process parameters were found by response surface optimization experiments, and the
effects were compared by four extraction methods. The results showed that compared with other extraction methods, the extraction rate of ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was the largest, with an average extraction rate of 4.07%, and the antioxidant capacity of the obtained flavonoids
was the strongest. 1:25 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, 80 W ultrasonic power, 100 min ultrasonic time and 55.0 °C ultrasonic temperature were the best flavonoid extraction process parameters. And compared with the WRR algorithm and WLC algorithm, the IWRR algorithm
has significantly shorter response time, higher throughput and more actual concurrency, i.e., the IWRR algorithm can significantly improve the system loading efficiency. The method used in the article is helpful for the extraction of flavonoids from square bamboo leaves and the processing
of related experimental data.
Decadal Modulation of the Atlantic Meridional Mode on the West Antarctic Climate during Austral Winter
Authors: Yao Yiyun , Duan Anmin , Hu Jun , Tang Yuheng
Published: May 2023

Based on observations and simplified, comprehensive atmospheric models, we investigate the impact of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) on the West Antarctic temperature and sea ice concentration in austral winter (June–August) on decadal time scales. The tropical gradient SST anomaly (SSTA) associated with the positive phase of the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) usually leads to cool anomalies over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and a dipole-like sea ice distribution, with ice growth in the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea and loss in the Ross Sea. When the AMM is in a positive phase, upward motion over the warm region in the North Atlantic and downward motion over the cold region in the South Atlantic strengthen the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell, resulting in upper-level convergence over the southwestern Atlantic. This convergence induces a Rossby wave, leading to an anticyclone anomaly over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea. Meridional component winds of this anticyclone anomaly are associated with wind-driven sea ice drift, temperature advection, and anomalous turbulence heat fluxes, leading to a dipole-like sea ice distribution and AP cooling. These findings are verified using two types of atmospheric models. Therefore, the AMM plays a vital role in modulating the decadal change in temperature and sea ice distribution in the West Antarctic.
Endometrioma Within the Anterior Abdominal Wall Causing Cyclic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Davis Donald M. , Rasheid Sowsan H. , Boucher Zachary H. , Burgueno-Vega Diana A. , Molina Manuel A.
Published: May 2023

Lesions from endometriosis contain endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The lesions occur in the pelvis but are also found in the bowel, diaphragm, and pleural cavity. Endometriosis within the extraperitoneal abdominal wall is rare, though, and usually within c-section scars (incidence is .03%-.5%). The typical triad includes: mass in the abdominal wall, cyclical pain, and history of previous abdominal surgery. We present the case of a 28-year-old female with a past history of cesarean section and obesity (BMI = 31) who presented with approximately 3 years of abdominal pain which was “waxing and waning” in severity depending on her menstrual cycle. Multiple doctors and US imaging did not reveal a diagnosis. During consultation, she had a palpable 3 cm mass several centimeters above and right of her abdominal incision. She underwent a CT showing an inflamed subcutaneous mass abutting her anterior rectus sheath. She underwent wide excision which confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioma. This case demonstrates the need for good history and physical exam skills, as well as proficiency in reviewing radiographic imaging. Due to habitus and pain, the physical exam was difficult. However, there was a firm mass upon deep palpation. Her initial imaging was “negative,” but review of the images revealed only intraperitoneal views and further imaging revealed the mass. There must be high clinical suspicion for this disease because failure to remove all tissue (including the surrounding fibrosis and desmoplastic tissue) or biopsy can lead to spread of residual endometrial cells and recurrence.
Patient Factors Affecting Inpatient Mortality Following Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Sonal Swati , Schneider Derek , Boudreau Chloe , Kunitake Hiroko , Goldstone Robert N. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Cauley Christy E. , Francone Todd D. , Ricciardi Rocco , Berger David L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Our objective is to identify factors for inpatient death in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Study Design

Unmatched 1:3 case-control study of surgically resected CRC at a tertiary care institution between 2004 and 2018. Variables for multivariate analysis were selected using tetrachoric correlation followed by a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression model.

Results

A total of 140 patients were included (N = 35 patients who died inpatient, N = 105 patients who did not die). Patients who died were older, had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), higher rates of preoperative anemia, hypoalbuminemia, emergency surgeries, blood transfusion, postoperative vasopressor requirement, anastomotic leak, and postoperative ICU admission than patients who underwent surgical resection without inpatient mortality. Anemia (aOR = 8.62, 1.44-91.58), emergency admission (aOR = 5.71, 1.46-24.36), and ICU admission (aOR 45.51, 8.31-448.4) significantly predicted inpatient mortality when controlled for CCI and hypoalbuminemia.

Conclusions

Surprisingly, it appears that pre-existing anemia and perioperative factors are more important in predicting inpatient mortality of patients undergoing CRC surgery than baseline comorbidity or nutritional status.
Comparison of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator and Trauma and Injury Severity Score Risk Assessment Tools in Predicting Outcomes in High-Risk Operative Trauma Patients
Authors: Santos Jeffrey , Kuza Catherine M. , Luo Xi , Ogunnaike Babatunde , Ahmed M. Iqbal , Melikman Emily , Moon Tiffany , Shoultz Thomas , Feeler Anne , Dudaryk Roman , Navas Jose , Vasileiou Georgia , Yeh D. Dante , Matsushima Kazuhide , Forestiere Matthew , Lian Tiffany , Grigorian Areg , Ricks-Oddie Joni , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: May 2023

Background

The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) uses anatomic/physiologic variables to predict outcomes. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (NSQIP-SRC) includes functional status and comorbidities. It is unclear which of these tools is superior for high-risk trauma patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) class IV or V). This study compares risk prediction of TRISS and NSQIP-SRC for mortality, length of stay (LOS), and complications for high-risk operative trauma patients.

Methods

This is a prospective study of high-risk (ASA-PS IV or V) trauma patients (≥18 years-old) undergoing surgery at 4 trauma centers. We compared TRISS vs NSQIP-SRC vs NSQIP-SRC + TRISS for ability to predict mortality, LOS, and complications using linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression.

Results

Of 284 patients, 48 (16.9%) died. The median LOS was 16 days and number of complications was 1. TRISS + NSQIP-SRC best predicted mortality (AUROC: .877 vs .723 vs .843, P = .0018) and number of complications (pseudo-R2/median error (ME) 5.26%/1.15 vs 3.39%/1.33 vs 2.07%/1.41, P < .001) compared to NSQIP-SRC or TRISS, but there was no difference between TRISS + NSQIP-SRC and NSQIP-SRC with LOS prediction ( P = .43).

Discussion

For high-risk operative trauma patients, TRISS + NSQIP-SRC performed better at predicting mortality and number of complications compared to NSQIP-SRC or TRISS alone but similar to NSQIP-SRC alone for LOS. Thus, future risk prediction and comparisons across trauma centers for high-risk operative trauma patients should include a combination of anatomic/physiologic data, comorbidities, and functional status.
Implementation Preparation Costs of Virtual Interview Training in Pre-Employment Transition Services: A Budget Impact Analysis
Authors: Danielson Elizabeth C. , Smith Matthew J. , Ross Brittany , Sherwood Kari , Smith Justin D. , Atkins Marc , Jordan Neil
Published: May 2023

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) and Virtual Interview Training for Transition Age Youth (VIT-TAY) demonstrated initial effectiveness at increasing employment among transition-age youth with disabilities engaged in pre-employment transition services. We characterized activities and estimated the labor and non-labor costs required to prepare schools to implement VR-JIT or VIT-TAY. Implementation preparation and support teams reported labor hours throughout the implementation preparation process. Implementation preparation labor hours at 43 schools cost approximately $1,427 per school, while non-labor costs were $100 per trainee (student). We estimated the replication of implementation preparation labor activities would cost $1,024 per school (range: $841-$1,208). Most costs were spent in delivery planning and teacher training. Given that implementation preparation costs can be barriers to intervention adoption, our results provide critical information for contemplating future implementation of VR-JIT or VIT-TAY.
Histopathological analysis of vascular malformations
Authors: Pang Calver , Abu-Hanna Jeries , Lim Chung Sim , Brookes Jocelyn , Tsui Janice , Hamilton George , Onuba Louisa , Deroide Florence
Published: May 2023

Objective

To propose and develop a histopathological criteria to help diagnose vascular malformations.

Methods

All patients who underwent surgical resection and had a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of vascular malformations from 01 March 2018-26 February 2020 were included. A criteria based on 10 parameters was developed to help diagnose vascular malformations. Discrepancies between clinical and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated.

Results

A total of 18 cases were identified. There was a discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and the initially reported histopathological diagnosis in 16 cases (88.9%). This was reduced to 7 (38.9%) and 6 cases (33.3%) with first and second time revised histopathological analysis using proposed criteria.

Conclusions

The discrepancy between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of vascular malformations has highlighted the requirement of an agreed criteria for histopathologists to help formulate their diagnosis. The proposed criteria may be used as a guide in addressing this and guide treatment and improve clinical practice.
Experimental acute Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep is not characterized by specific renal lesions
Authors: Giannitti Federico , García Jorge P. , Adams Vicki , Armendano Joaquín I. , Beingesser Juliann , Rood Julian I. , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: May 2023

Type D enterotoxemia, caused by Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), is one of the most economically important clostridial diseases of sheep. Acute type D enterotoxemia is characterized by well-documented lesions in the nervous, cardiocirculatory, and pulmonary systems. However, discrepancies and confusion exist as to whether renal lesions are part of the spectrum of lesions of this condition, which is controversial considering that for many decades it has been colloquially referred to as “pulpy kidney disease.” Here, the authors assess renal changes in an experimental model of acute type D enterotoxemia in sheep and evaluate the possible role of ETX in their genesis. Four groups of 6 sheep each were intraduodenally inoculated with either a wild-type virulent C. perfringens type D strain, an etx knockout mutant unable to produce ETX, the etx mutant strain complemented with the wild-type etx gene that regains the ETX toxin production, or sterile culture medium (control group). All sheep were autopsied less than 24 hours after inoculation; none of them developed gross lesions in the kidneys. Ten predefined histologic renal changes were scored in each sheep. The proportion of sheep with microscopic changes and their severity scores did not differ significantly between groups. Mild intratubular medullary hemorrhage was observed in only 2 of the 12 sheep inoculated with the wild-type or etx-complemented bacterial strains, but not in the 12 sheep of the other 2 groups. The authors conclude that no specific gross or histologic renal lesions are observed in sheep with experimental acute type D enterotoxemia.
Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with migraine
Authors: Guldiken Yigit Can , Petropoulos Ioannis N , Malik Ayesha , Malik Rayaz A , Yüksel Refref , Budak Faik , Selekler Hamit Macit
Published: May 2023

Background/Hypothesis

Migraine affects >1 billion people but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Alterations in the trigeminovascular system play an important role. We have compared corneal nerve morphology in patients with migraine to healthy controls.

Methods

Sixty patients with episodic (n = 32) or chronic (n = 28) migraine and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects were studied cross-sectionally. Their migraine characteristics and signs and symptoms of dry eyes were assessed. Manual and automated quantification of corneal nerves was undertaken by corneal confocal microscopy.

Results

In patients with migraine compared to controls, manual corneal nerve fiber density (P < 0.001), branch density (P = 0.015) and length (P < 0.001); and automated corneal nerve fiber density (P < 0.001), branch density (P < 0.001), length (P < 0.001), total branch density (P < 0.001), nerve fiber area (P < 0.001), nerve fiber width (P = 0.045) and fractal dimension (P < 0.001) were lower. Automated corneal nerve fiber density was higher in patients with episodic migraine and aura (P = 0.010); and fractal dimension (P = 0.029) was lower in patients with more headache days in the last three months. Automated corneal nerve fiber density predicted a significant amount of the observed variance in pain intensity (adjusted r2 = 0.14, partial r = −0.37, P = 0.004) in patients with migraine.

Conclusions

Corneal confocal microscopy reveals corneal nerve loss in patients with migraine. It may serve as an objective imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration in migraine.
Departments of Transportation Efforts to Digitize Ancillary Transportation Asset Data: A Step Toward Digital Twins
Authors: Ammar Ashtarout , Maier Francesca , Catchings Rachel , Nassereddine Hala , Dadi Gabriel
Published: May 2023

The mission of state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) has evolved, and their perception has shifted from focusing on constructing new assets to managing and maintaining existing transportation assets and optimizing asset performance. In response to this change, state DOTs began adopting a “transportation asset management” approach, an intensive data-driven decision-making process to maintain and extend the serviceability of transportation assets throughout their lifecycle. However, state DOTs continue to face challenges in conducting cross-asset system analysis and integrating data across systems throughout the asset lifecycle. Conversely, emerging technologies, namely Digital Twins, have the potential to leverage the value of asset data and transform data into valuable insights to inform decision-making. The definition of Digital Twins in the infrastructure industry is inconsistent, and the transition toward a digitized built environment—a preliminary step required for a successful implementation of Digital Twins—has not been investigated. Thus, this paper presents the burning platform for the need for Digital Twins and defines the concept. Additionally, this study investigates the current practices of state DOTs toward the digital transition of their transportation asset data and contextualizes the DOTs’ maturity in the advancement of digital processes. This paper focuses on ancillary asset systems, particularly Roadside, Electronic, and Drainage Asset systems. A web-based survey was developed and distributed to state DOTs for data collection. For each asset, the perceived timeline for digitization was investigated, and three variables related to data digitization were explored: data format, data level of detail, and data collection technique.
Inside American End-of-Life Doula Trainings through Analytic Autoethnography: A Social Movement for Death Positivity Manifests in a New Profession
Authors: Incorvaia Aubrey DeVeny
Published: May 2023

End-of-life doulas (EOLDs) represent a rising profession and are becoming increasingly well-known through pop culture, yet associated scholarship is scant. Through a “sociology of professions” lens, this research adds value by expanding and enriching scholarship on EOLDs—by further illuminating their training, functions, and scope of practice. To understand a largely feminine profession, this study employs a feminist epistemology that situates the knower as a featured player in knowledge generation. Through use of analytic autoethnography, this analysis of two American EOLD training programs employs a first-person narrative in which the researcher: (a) is a full member of the group or setting under examination, (b) is visible as such in published texts, (c) engages in reflexivity, considering the dynamic, interactive effect their presence has on the research itself, (d) incorporates insights from other group members, and (e) seeks to develop theoretical understandings of broader social phenomena. Both trainings frame their education in terms that are hallmarks of the Positive Death Movement, including normalizing death as a nonmedical event, emphasizing person-centered care, and affirming that facing death is an opportunity for personal growth. Each emphasized the nonclinical nature of the EOLD role while highlighting listening and intuition as primary skills for successful doula work. These programs also discussed the boundaries of doula services and portrayed EOLDs as a complement to hospice care. Expressivity at the end of life was lauded by both programs, but one entity encouraged proactive pursuit of psychosocial emotional work with clients; the other underscored receptivity to clients’ initiation. One training entity better equipped EOLDs to mindfully address isms by offering shovel-ready curriculum that fostered in-depth consideration of bias, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Understanding Contextual Determinants of Likely Online Advocacy by Millennial Donors
Authors: Chell Kathleen , Mortimer Gary , Dang Thy , Russell-Bennett Rebekah
Published: May 2023

Increasing online advocacy by donors has important implications for nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Through a lens of self-disclosure theory, this current research combines data across three quantitative cross-sectional surveys of millennial Australian donors who donate blood, time, and/or money to better understand how NPOs can encourage existing donors to engage in greater online advocacy. Findings demonstrate (a) the importance of social norms and psychological involvement in online advocacy decisions, (b) that “firm-generated” marketing effectiveness can vary by the content provided by NPOs, and (c) that not all donation types are equal when encouraging donors to be advocates. The work contributes by broadening the scope of existing models of online brand advocacy to a donation context by examining “firm-generated user-shared” content and millennials’ social media use for prosocial behaviors.