bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Crop Identification Study Based on Sentinel-1/2 Images with Feature Optimization Strategy
Authors: Luo Jiansong , Xie Min , Wu Qiang , Luo Jun , Gao Qi , Shao Xuezhi , Zhang Yongping
Published: June 2024

The timely and accurate mapping of crop types is crucial for agricultural insurance, futures, and assessments of food security risks. However, crop mapping is currently focused on the post-harvest period, and less attention has been paid to early crop mapping. In this study, the feasibility of using Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) data for the earliest identifiable time (EIT) for major crops (sunflower, maize, spring wheat, and melon) was explored in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID) of China, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. An early crop identification strategy based on the Random Forest (RF) model for HID was proposed, and the performance of the model transfer was evaluated. First, the median synthesis, linear shift interpolation, and the Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter methods were used to reconstruct the time series of S1 and S2. Subsequently, the sensitivity of different input features, time intervals, and data integration to different early crop identifications was evaluated based on the RF model. Finally, the model with optimal parameters was evaluated in terms of its transfer capacity and used for the early mapping of crops in the HID area. The results showed that the features extracted from S2 images synthesized at 10-day intervals performed well in obtaining crop EITs. Sunflower, maize, spring wheat, and melon could be identified 90, 90, 70, and 40 days earlier than the harvest date. The identification accuracy, measured by the F1-score, could reach 0.97, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.90, respectively. The performance of the model transfer is good, with the F1-score decreasing from 0 to 0.04 and no change in EIT for different crops. It was also found that the EIT of crops obtained using S1 data alone was 50–90 days later than that obtained using S2 data alone. Additionally, when S1 and S2 were used jointly, S1 data contributed little to early crop identification. This study highlights the potential of early crop mapping using satellite data, which provides a feasible solution for the early identification of crops in the HID area and valuable information for food security assurance in the region.
Beyond Agriculture 4.0: Design and Development of Modern Agricultural Machines and Production Systems
Authors: Vlăduț Nicolae-Valentin , Ungureanu Nicoleta
Published: June 2024

Technological breakthroughs have transformed the agricultural industry, resulting in the emergence of Agriculture 4 [...]
Fatty Acid Content and Oxidative Stability in Eggs and Breast Muscle of Sasso Chickens Fed Different Levels of Dodonaea angustifolia Polyphenol in Flaxseed-Enriched Diets
Authors: Tadesse Desalew , Retta Negussie , Esatu Wondmeneh , Woldemariam Henock Woldemichael , Ndiwa Nicholas , Hanotte Olivier , Getachew Paulos , Dannenberger Dirk , Maak Steffen
Published: June 2024

In chicken diet with dietary fat, adding plant polyphenols as a natural antioxidant is recommended to enhance the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content and improve oxidative stability in meat and eggs. However, high plant polyphenol doses could act as a pro-oxidant and interfere with the absorption of n-3 PUFAs. The study aimed to determine the effects of Dodoneae angustifolia (D. angustifolia) polyphenol levels in flaxseed-enriched diets on fatty acid content and oxidative stability in the meat and eggs of Sasso chickens. Chickens received 0, 200, 500, or 800 mg of D. angustifolia extract/kg diet designated as DA0, DA2, DA5, and DA8 treatments, respectively. Results showed that the breast muscle content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) in 200 and 500 mg extract/kg diet and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) in 800 mg extract/kg diet increased (p < 0.05) compared to those who did not receive. Feeding D. angustifolia polyphenol levels had no significant effect on egg yolk n-3 PUFA content. However, a decrease (p < 0.05) in egg yolk n-6 PUFAs was observed in hens with an increase in the dose of D. angustifolia polyphenol extract. In breast muscle, feeding on a 500 mg extract/kg diet decreased lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) compared to the control diet. However, feeding different doses of D. angustifolia extracts had no effect on egg yolk lipid peroxidation.
TaqMan qPCR Detection and Quantification of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Soil and Plant Tissues for Walnut Disease Management
Authors: Haegi Anita , Luongo Laura , Vitale Salvatore , Tizzani Lorenza , Belisario Alessandra
Published: June 2024

Phytophthora cinnamomi is a devastating soil-borne plant pathogen. The primary source of P. cinnamomi infection is the soil, where the pathogen can persist for long periods. Effective prevention and management of this pathogen in tree crops requires an early and reliable detection method. In this study, we developed a simple, fast, reliable, and sensitive method based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for P. cinnamomi detection and quantification directly in plant or soil samples. Primers were developed targeting the nuclear single-copy ras-related protein gene Ypt1, suitable for Phytophthora-specific PCR. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing it against genomic DNA from 50 isolates across eight different Phytophthora clades, including the very similar P. parvispora. The efficiency and reliability of the qPCR protocol were evaluated in challenging environmental samples, such as plant tissue of different host trees (walnut, chestnut, oak) and naturally infected soils in walnut orchards. The main outcome was the development of a qPCR method for the specific identification and quantification of P. cinnamomi in natural soil samples. Additionally, this study established a systematic and repeatable soil sampling method and developed an efficient soil DNA extraction technique to apply the developed qPCR in naturally infested soils of walnut orchards.
Effects of Cultivar Type and Node Position on Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics of Ratoon Rice
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Jiang Yanfang , Chen Pingping , Tu Naimei , Zhou Wenxin , Yi Zhenxie
Published: June 2024

The ratoon rice planting area is gradually expanding, and decreasing Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in ratoon rice is important for food safety and human health. In this study, conventional indica rice (HHZ, Huanghuazhan), three-line indica–japonica hybrid rice (YY-4149, Yongyou 4149), and two-line indica hybrid rice (LY-121, Liangyou 121) were compared regarding ratoon rice yield and Cd uptake, transport, and accumulation. The distribution of Cd at different nodes in the ratoon crop was also examined. The rank-order of the Cd contents in each part (root, stem, leaf, stubble, and spike) of the main and ratoon crops of the tested cultivars was HHZ > LY-121 > YY-4149. The rank-order of the Cd content in each plant part at different nodes in the ratoon crop was HHZ > LY-121 > YY-4149. The Cd content in each plant part increased as the node position (i.e., according to the germination position of regenerated seedlings, the nodes are divided into the second, third, and fourth or fifth node from the top in stubble) was lowered. The redundancy analysis indicated that the low-node brown rice Cd content had the largest effect on the total brown rice Cd content in the ratoon crop. Accordingly, indica–japonica hybrid cultivars should be selected for the production of ratoon rice in mildly Cd-polluted areas, and the height of the main crop stubble should be maximized during harvest.
Research on the Smart Broad Bean Harvesting System and the Self-Adaptive Control Method Based on CPS Technologies
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Yang Shaojun , Zhang Xinzhou , Xia Xianfei
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of new-generation cyber–physical system (CPS) technologies, the smart operation and management of the broad bean harvesting system are enabled. This paper proposed a smart broad bean harvesting system (SBHS) and a self-adaptive control method based on CPS technologies. Firstly, the overall architecture of the SBHS is designed, which consists of four main components, namely optimal intelligent perception environment configuration, digital twin model construction, virtual simulation and real-time optimization, self-adaptive adjustment and control. Then, three key enabling technologies are discussed in detail, namely, intelligent perception environment configuration for the SBHS, digital twin model construction for the SBHS, colored Petri net (CPN)-based self-adaptive analysis and control of the harvesting system. Lastly, a proof-of-concept experiment based on a cooperative company is presented to illustrate the main work logic and advantage of the proposed SBHS. After the edge–cloud cooperative intelligent harvesting environment is configured, the CPN model for the workflow of the SBHS is created to analyze and optimize the harvesting processes. In addition, a management and control platform are developed to further illustrate the implementation of the proposed SBHS and the self-adaptive control method.
Effect of Bile Acids Supplementation in Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Production Performance, Physiological and Quality Characteristics of Laying Hen Eggs
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Yu , Yang Jingyi , Xu Hao , Ye Ruiqi , Wu Jiale , Cao Mixia , Zhao Chunfang , Yang Bing , Liu Chang , Li Lei
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bile acids (BAs) supplementation on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), production performance, and physiological and quality characteristics of laying hen eggs. Sixty Sanhuang laying hens, aged 28 weeks, were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments over a 4-week period, including the control (CON) group (feeding basal diet), the high-fat diet (HFD)-treated group (basal diet containing 10% soybean oil), and HFD supplemented with 0.01% and 0.02% of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) groups. Production performance, egg quality, liver morphology, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, proinflammatory cytokines, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated. The average body weight in 0.01% CDCA was larger than in the HFD group (p < 0.05). Eggshell Thickness in the CON group was greater than in the HFD, 0.01% CDCA, and HDCA groups (p < 0.05). Albumen height in the 0.02% HDCA group was higher than the HFD group (p < 0.05). Eggshell weight in the HFD group was less than the CON group (p < 0.05). Haugh unit (HU) in the HDCA group was larger than the HFD group (p < 0.05). Albumen weight in the 0.02% HDCA group was greater than the CON and HFD groups (p < 0.05). In the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipo-protein cholesterol (LDL-C) were surpassing the other groups (p < 0.05). The levels of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the HFD group was smaller than the other groups (p < 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the HFD group was higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were larger in the HFD group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated significant variations in the relative abundance of specific bacterial populations among the different treatment groups. The treatment and CON groups exhibited a higher presence of bacteria that inhibit host energy absorption or promote intestinal health such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Ruminococcus, whereas the HFD group showed an increased prevalence of potentially pathogenic or deleterious bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio spp. In conclusion, the supplementation of BAs in poultry feed has been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of FLHS in laying hens. This intervention regulates lipid metabolism, bolsters antioxidant defenses, reduces inflammation, and modulates the gut microbiota, offering a novel perspective on the application of BAs in the poultry industry.
Exploring Weissella confusa W1 and W2 Strains Isolated from Khao-Mahk as Probiotic Candidates: From Phenotypic Traits to Genomic Insights
Authors: Thant Ei Phway , Surachat Komwit , Chusri Sarunyou , Romyasamit Chonticha , Pomwised Rattanaruji , Wonglapsuwan Monwadee , Yaikhan Thunchanok , Suwannasin Sirikan , Singkhamanan Kamonnut
Published: June 2024

Growing interest in probiotics has spurred research into their health benefits for hosts. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties, especially antibacterial activities and the safety of two Weissella confusa strains, W1 and W2, isolated from Khao-Mahk by describing their phenotypes and genotypes through phenotypic assays and whole genome sequencing. In vitro experiments demonstrated that both strains exhibited robust survival under gastric and intestinal conditions, such as in the presence of low pH, bile salt, pepsin, and pancreatin, indicating their favorable gut colonization traits. Additionally, both strains showed auto-aggregation and strong adherence to Caco2 cells, with adhesion rates of 86.86 ± 1.94% for W1 and 94.74 ± 2.29% for W2. These high adherence rates may be attributed to the significant exopolysaccharide (EPS) production observed in both strains. Moreover, they exerted remarkable antimicrobial activities against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, along with an absence of hemolytic activities and antibiotic resistance, underscoring their safety for probiotic application. Genomic analysis corroborated these findings, revealing genes related to probiotic traits, including EPS clusters, stress responses, adaptive immunity, and antimicrobial activity. Importantly, no transferable antibiotic-resistance genes or virulence genes were detected. This comprehensive characterization supports the candidacy of W1 and W2 as probiotics, offering substantial potential for promoting health and combating bacterial infections.
PM2.5 Induces Cardiomyoblast Senescence via AhR-Mediated Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Jiang Bin , Fu Baoqiang , Shang Changyi , Feng Haobin , Chen Tao , Jiang Yan
Published: June 2024

Previous research has established a correlation between PM2.5 exposure and aging-related cardiovascular diseases, primarily in blood vessels. However, the impact of PM2.5 on cardiomyocyte aging remains unclear. In this study, we observed that extractable organic matter (EOM) from PM2.5 exposure led to cellular senescence in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells, as characterized by an increase in the percentage of β-galactosidase-positive cells, elevated expression levels of p16 and p21, and enhanced H3K9me3 foci. EOM also induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S stage, accompanied by downregulation of CDK4 and Cyclin D1. Furthermore, EOM exposure led to a significant elevation in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS, and DNA damage. Supplementation with the antioxidant NAC effectively attenuated EOM-induced cardiac senescence. Our findings also revealed that exposure to EOM activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway, as evidenced by AhR translocation to the nucleus and upregulation of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1. Importantly, the AhR antagonist CH223191 effectively mitigated EOM-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence. In conclusion, our results indicate that PM2.5-induced AhR activation leads to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest, leading to cardiac senescence. Targeting the AhR/ROS axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for combating PM2.5-induced cardiac aging.
Myeloperoxidase as a Promising Therapeutic Target after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Quinn Maxwell , Zhang Richard Y. K. , Bello Idris , Rye Kerry-Anne , Thomas Shane R.
Published: June 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide. CAD begins with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the intimal layer of the coronary arteries, a process driven by persistent arterial inflammation and oxidation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a mammalian haem peroxidase enzyme primarily expressed within neutrophils and monocytes, has been increasingly recognised as a key pro-inflammatory and oxidative enzyme promoting the development of vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture, and can precipitate a MI. Mounting evidence also implicates a pathogenic role for MPO in the inflammatory process that follows a MI, which is characterised by the rapid infiltration of activated neutrophils into the damaged myocardium and the release of MPO. Excessive and persistent cardiac inflammation impairs normal cardiac healing post-MI, resulting in adverse cardiac outcomes and poorer long-term cardiac function, and eventually heart failure. This review summarises the evidence for MPO as a significant oxidative enzyme contributing to the inappropriate inflammatory responses driving the progression of CAD and poor cardiac healing after a MI. It also details the proposed mechanisms underlying MPO’s pathogenic actions and explores MPO as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of unstable CAD and cardiac damage post-MI.
Design of a Device Based on an LED Matrix for Water Sterilization
Authors: González-Fernández Sara , Blanco-Agudín Noelia , Martínez Ana L. , Meana Sergio , Fernández Nerea , Quirós Luis M.
Published: June 2024

The scarcity of potable water emphasizes the urgent need to develop and implement more sustainable treatment technologies, considering both energy consumption and environmental impact. These technologies require effective disinfection systems that avoid the use of chemicals. Innovations in this area, utilizing UV-LED technology, can significantly improve efficiency, reduce costs, and mitigate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of various encapsulated UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to identify the most suitable candidate for constructing an LED array capable of disinfecting large volumes of water. Different devices from various manufacturers, with differing costs and wavelengths, were examined, leading to the selection of the optimal candidate (LED 2) based on its antimicrobial effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The impact of parameters such as bacterial concentration, sample volume, exposure time, and conditions on disinfection capacity was thoroughly investigated. Exposure to LED 2 resulted in substantial reductions in the viability of bacteria and yeast, demonstrating efficacy even against Clostridium perfringens endospores. Subsequently, an LED array was developed based on these findings and rigorously evaluated for efficacy, confirming its effectiveness as an efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment device.
Simulation-Oriented Analysis and Modeling of Distracted Driving
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Yue Lishengsa
Published: June 2024

Distracted driving significantly affects the efficiency and safety of traffic flow. Modeling distracted driving behavior in microscopic traffic flow simulation is essential for understanding its critical impacts on traffic flow. However, due to the influence of various external factors and the considerable uncertainties in behavior characteristics, modeling distracted driving behavior remains a challenge. This study proposed a model which incorporates distraction features into the microscopic traffic flow model to simulate distracted driving behavior. Specifically, the study first examines the characteristics of distracted driving, including the intervals and durations of distraction events, as well as the patterns and environments of distraction. It then introduces distraction parameters into the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), including reaction time delays and perception deviations in both speed difference and following distance. These parameters are quantified by probabilistic distributions to reflect the uncertainty and individual differences in driving behavior. The model is calibrated and validated using 772 distracted following events from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS) data. Three patterns of distraction (excessive, moderate, mild) are distinguished and modeled separately. The results show that the model’s accuracy surpasses that of the IDM under various road types and traffic volumes, with an average improvement in model accuracy of about 11.30% on expressways with high traffic volume, 4.54% on expressways with low traffic volume, and 4.46% on surface roads. Meanwhile, the model can effectively simulate the variations in reaction times and perceptual deviations in both speed and following distance for different distraction modes at the individual level, maintaining consistency with reality. Finally, the study simulates distracted driving behavior under different road environments and traffic volumes to explore the impact of distracted driving on traffic flow. The simulation results indicate that an increase in the proportion of distraction reduces the efficiency and safety of traffic flow, which is consistent with real-world observations. Since the model considers human distraction factors, it can generate more dangerous driving scenarios in simulations, which holds significant importance for safety-related research. The findings from this study are expected to be helpful for understanding distracted driving behavior and mitigate its negative influence on the efficiency and safety of traffic flow.
A Fuzzy Scheduling Method for Pipeline Processing in Shipyards Incorporating the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Meng Chunli , Feng Zhiqiang , Zhao Daidi , Li Xin , Yu Jianxing , Yang Lijun
Published: June 2024

In the process of ship production, the production of pipeline occurs throughout the production process. Key issues to address in the pipeline-processing workshop of a shipyard include uneven production loads and weak flow rhythmicity. Additionally, uncertainties in processing time and other real-world factors can pose significant challenges. The fuzzy number method is used to describe processing and completion times, with the goal of minimizing the fuzzy maximum completion time. To achieve this, a scheduling method based on the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) is proposed for the pipeline-processing workshop in a shipyard. This algorithm aims to effectively reduce the blindness of the production plan, ensure the rationality and stability of the plan, shorten the production cycle of a ship pipeline, improve the production efficiency, and realize the lean shipbuilding mode. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the BWOA algorithm. The final simulation test results show that the algorithm provided a better scheduling plan and a stabler average value than comparable methods, which proves its effectiveness in the scheduling of pipeline processing in shipyards.
The Effectiveness of UWB-Based Indoor Positioning Systems for the Navigation of Visually Impaired Individuals
Authors: Rosiak Maria , Kawulok Mateusz , Maćkowski Michał
Published: June 2024

UWB has been in existence for several years, but it was only a few years ago that it transitioned from a specialized niche to more mainstream applications. Recent market data indicate a rapid increase in the popularity of UWB in consumer products, such as smartphones and smart home devices, as well as automotive and industrial real-time location systems. The challenge of achieving accurate positioning in indoor environments arises from various factors such as distance, location, beacon density, dynamic surroundings, and the density and type of obstacles. This research used MFi-certified UWB beacon chipsets and integrated them with a mobile application dedicated to iOS by implementing the near interaction accessory protocol. The analysis covers both static and dynamic cases. Thanks to the acquisition of measurements, two main candidates for indoor localization infrastructure were analyzed and compared in terms of accuracy, namely UWB and LIDAR, with the latter used as a reference system. The problem of achieving accurate positioning in various applications and environments was analyzed, and future solutions were proposed. The results show that the achieved accuracy is sufficient for tracking individuals and may serve as guidelines for achievable accuracy or may provide a basis for further research into a complex sensor fusion-based navigation system. This research provides several findings. Firstly, in dynamic conditions, LIDAR measurements showed higher accuracy than UWB beacons. Secondly, integrating data from multiple sensors could enhance localization accuracy in non-line-of-sight scenarios. Lastly, advancements in UWB technology may expand the availability of competitive hardware, facilitating a thorough evaluation of its accuracy and effectiveness in practical systems. These insights may be particularly useful in designing navigation systems for blind individuals in buildings.
Cross-Cultural Intelligent Language Learning System (CILS): Leveraging AI to Facilitate Language Learning Strategies in Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Xia Yina , Shin Seong-Yoon , Kim Jong-Chan
Published: June 2024

This research presents the Cross-Cultural Intelligent Language Learning System (CILS), a novel approach integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into language education to enhance cross-cultural communication. CILS utilizes advanced AI technologies to provide adaptive, personalized learning experiences that cater to the unique linguistic and cultural backgrounds of each learner. By dynamically adjusting content and methodology, CILS significantly improves linguistic proficiency and cultural understanding, essential for effective global interactions. The implementation of CILS in platforms such as Busuu and HelloTalk has demonstrated marked improvements in engagement and communication skills among learners. Empirical studies validate the system’s effectiveness in real-world settings, showing enhanced learner performance and increased intercultural competence. Additionally, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applied confirms that the usability and perceived usefulness of AI-driven systems strongly influence learner acceptance and sustained use. This study not only underscores the potential of AI in transforming language education but also highlights the critical role of cultural sensitivity in designing educational technologies.
Advancements, Dynamics, and Future Directions in Rural Environmental Governance Research in China
Authors: Tang Huanchen , Liu Xiaodong , Li Junjie
Published: June 2024

Rural environmental governance serves as the foundational pillar of national governance, intricately linked to the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, as well as the cultivation of rural culture. Furthermore, it plays a pivotal role in fostering industrial prosperity, ensuring effective governance, and elevating living standards. This study employs a range of sophisticated software tools, including VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and ArcGIS, among others, to analyze and construct a comprehensive knowledge map encompassing 3370 research articles focused on rural environmental governance, sourced from the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and WOS (Web of Science) databases. This analytical endeavor delves into research themes, key areas of interest, developmental milestones, and emerging trends within the realm of rural environmental governance, thereby shedding light on the overarching trajectory of research endeavors in this domain within China. The findings reveal distinct phases in the evolution of research trends in the Chinese rural environmental governance literature, encompassing four distinct epochs: a period of sluggish growth (2002–2009), a phase of accelerated expansion (2009–2014), a span marked by stable and rapid advancement (2014–2021), and a recent period characterized by fluctuating decline (2021–2022). Moreover, the analysis highlights a burgeoning diversity in the distribution of relevant research disciplines. However, it is noteworthy that there exists a scarcity of highly prolific authors, and the formation of cohesive research teams has encountered challenges, underscoring significant deficiencies in research collaboration and academic discourse. As a prospective direction, future research should be tailored to the unique natural resources and socio-human characteristics intrinsic to different regions. It should also emphasize interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary investigations, with a focal point on economically disadvantaged regions situated in the central and western parts of the nation. Such an approach aims to bolster the overall caliber of domestic research endeavors in the field of rural environmental governance.
A Measurement Method for Body Parameters of Mongolian Horses Based on Deep Learning and Machine Vision
Authors: Su Lide , Li Minghuang , Zhang Yong , Zong Zheying
Published: June 2024

The traditional manual methods for measuring Mongolian horse body parameters are not very safe, have low levels of automation, and cannot effectively ensure animal welfare. This research proposes a method for extracting target Mongolian horse body parameters based on deep learning and machine vision technology. Firstly, Swin Transformer is used as the backbone feature extraction network of Mask R-CNN model, and the CNN-based differentiated feature clustering model is added to minimize the loss of similarity and spatial continuity between pixels, thereby improving the robustness of the model while reducing error pixels and optimizing the rough mask boundary output. Secondly, an improved Harris algorithm and a polynomial fitting method based on contour curves are applied to determine the positions of various measurement points on the horse mask and calculate various body parameters. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested using 20 Mongolian horses. The experimental results show that compared with the original Mask R-CNN network, the PA (pixel accuracy) and MIoU (mean intersection over union) of the optimized model results increased from 91.46% and 84.72% to 98.72% and 95.36%, respectively. The average relative errors of shoulder height, withers height, chest depth, body length, croup height, shoulder angle, and croup angle were 4.01%, 2.98%, 4.86%, 2.97%, 3.06%, 4.91%, and 5.21%, respectively. The research results can provide technical support for assessing body parameters related to the performance of horses under natural conditions, which is of great significance for improving the refinement and welfare of Mongolian horse breeding techniques.
WRF-Chem Modeling of Tropospheric Ozone in the Coastal Cities of the Gulf of Finland
Authors: Nerobelov Georgii , Virolainen Yana , Ionov Dmitry , Polyakov Alexander , Rozanov Eugene
Published: June 2024

Ozone in the troposphere is a pollutant and greenhouse gas. Atmospheric models can add valuable information to observations for studying the spatial and temporal variations in tropospheric ozone content. The present study is intended to evaluate the variability in tropospheric ozone and its precursors near the Gulf of Finland with a focus on St. Petersburg (Russia) and Helsinki (Finland) in 2016–2019, using the WRF-Chem 3-D numerical model with a spatial resolution of 10 km, together with observations. The diurnal cycle of the near-surface ozone concentrations (NSOCs) in both cities is caused by the variability in NO2 emissions, planetary boundary layer height, and local meteorological conditions. The seasonal variations in NSOCs and tropospheric ozone content (TrOC) are caused by the variability in total ozone content and in ozone formation in the troposphere. The model reveals a VOC-limited regime in the ~0–1 km layer around St. Petersburg, Helsinki, and the Gulf of Finland and a pronounced NOx-limited regime in the 0–2 km layer in the forests of southern Finland, Karelia, some Russian regions, and the Baltic countries in July. The WRF-Chem model overestimates the measured NSOCs by 10.7–43.5% and the TrOC by 7–10.4%. The observed differences are mainly caused by the errors in chemical boundary conditions and emissions of ozone precursors and by the coarse spatial resolution of the modeling.
Insidious Cases of Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA) Syndrome Resembling Otosclerosis: Clinical Features for Differential Diagnosis and the Role of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in the Pre-Operative Setting
Authors: Motta Giovanni , Allosso Salvatore , Castagna Ludovica , Trifuoggi Ghita , Di Meglio Tonia , Testa Domenico , Mesolella Massimo , Motta Gaetano
Published: June 2024

Background: Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) syndrome can mimic otosclerosis in adults, presenting with an air–bone gap (ABG) and even absent stapedial reflexes. The ABG in inner-ear disorders is currently the object of several authors’ studies and seems to be related to a third mobile window (TMW) phenomenon. This can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Given that it would be inappropriate and harmful to perform CT scans in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis, this study aims to highlight some clinical features useful for the differential diagnosis between otosclerosis and these rare cases of EVA presenting with an ABG, thus enabling the identification of suspected cases to be tested with CT scans. Methods: Between April and May 2024, a narrative review was conducted focusing on the differential diagnosis between some rare cases of EVA and otosclerosis. Clinical, audiological, and radiologic features of both conditions were investigated. Results: This review demonstrates the diagnostic challenge in differentiating atypical cases of EVA from otosclerosis in a subset of patients. Clinical and audiological features are important for differential diagnosis, but may not always be sufficient. Therefore, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone plays a pivotal role in definitive diagnosis. Conclusions: In some specific cases, pre-operative imaging assessment using HRCT emerges as an essential tool for differentiating these two conditions and avoiding unnecessary stapes surgery.
Some Refinements and Generalizations of Bohr’s Inequality
Authors: Aljawi Salma , Conde Cristian , Feki Kais
Published: June 2024

In this article, we delve into the classic Bohr inequality for complex numbers, a fundamental result in complex analysis with broad mathematical applications. We offer refinements and generalizations of Bohr’s inequality, expanding on the established inequalities of N. G. de Bruijn and Radon, as well as leveraging the class of functions defined by the Daykin–Eliezer–Carlitz inequality. Our novel contribution lies in demonstrating that Bohr’s and Bergström’s inequalities can be derived from one another, revealing a deeper interconnectedness between these results. Furthermore, we present several new generalizations of Bohr’s inequality, along with other notable inequalities from the literature, and discuss their various implications. By providing more comprehensive and verifiable conditions, our work extends previous research and enhances the understanding and applicability of Bohr’s inequality in mathematical studies.
Biequivalent Planar Graphs
Authors: Piette Bernard
Published: June 2024

We define biequivalent planar graphs, which are a generalisation of the uniform polyhedron graphs, as planar graphs made out of two families of equivalent nodes. Such graphs are required to identify polyhedral cages with geometries suitable for artificial protein cages. We use an algebraic method, which is followed by an algorithmic method, to determine all such graphs with up to 300 nodes each with valencies ranging between three and six. We also present a graphic representation of every graph found.
The Approach to Sensing the True Fetal Heart Rate for CTG Monitoring: An Evaluation of Effectiveness of Deep Learning with Doppler Ultrasound Signals
Authors: Hirono Yuta , Sato Ikumi , Kai Chiharu , Yoshida Akifumi , Kodama Naoki , Uchida Fumikage , Kasai Satoshi
Published: June 2024

Cardiotocography (CTG) is widely used to assess fetal well-being. CTG is typically obtained using ultrasound and autocorrelation methods, which extract periodicity from the signal to calculate the heart rate. However, during labor, maternal vessel pulsations can be measured, resulting in the output of the maternal heart rate (MHR). Since the autocorrelation output is displayed as fetal heart rate (FHR), there is a risk that obstetricians may mistakenly evaluate the fetal condition based on MHR, potentially overlooking the necessity for medical intervention. This study proposes a method that utilizes Doppler ultrasound (DUS) signals and artificial intelligence (AI) to determine whether the heart rate obtained by autocorrelation is of fetal origin. We developed a system to simultaneously record DUS signals and CTG and obtained data from 425 cases. The midwife annotated the DUS signals by auditory differentiation, providing data for AI, which included 30,160 data points from the fetal heart and 2160 data points from the maternal vessel. Comparing the classification accuracy of the AI model and a simple mathematical method, the AI model achieved the best performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98. Integrating this system into fetal monitoring could provide a new indicator for evaluating CTG quality.
Functional Characterization of the Lysosomal Peptide/Histidine Transporter PHT1 (SLC15A4) by Solid Supported Membrane Electrophysiology (SSME)
Authors: Pujol-Giménez Jonai , Baumann Sven P. , Ho Tin Manh , Augustynek Bartlomiej , Hediger Matthias A.
Published: June 2024

The peptide/histidine transporter PHT1 (SLC15A4) is expressed in the lysosomal membranes of immune cells where it plays an important role in metabolic and inflammatory signaling. PHT1 is an H+-coupled/histidine symporter that can transport a wide range of oligopeptides, including a variety of bacterial-derived peptides. Moreover, it enables the scaffolding of various metabolic signaling molecules and interacts with key regulatory elements of the immune response. Not surprisingly, PHT1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Unfortunately, the pharmacological development of PHT1 modulators has been hampered by the lack of suitable transport assays. To address this shortcoming, a novel transport assay based on solid-supported membrane-based electrophysiology (SSME) is presented. Key findings of the present SSME studies include the first recordings of electrophysiological properties, a pH dependence analysis, an assessment of PHT1 substrate selectivity, as well as the transport kinetics of the identified substrates. In contrast to previous work, PHT1 is studied in its native lysosomal environment. Moreover, observed substrate selectivity is validated by molecular docking. Overall, this new SSME-based assay is expected to contribute to unlocking the pharmacological potential of PHT1 and to deepen the understanding of its functional properties.
Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene Combination Attenuates Diabetic Neuropathy by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome/NFκB through the AMPK/sirT3/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Khan Islauddin , Kaur Sukhmandeep , Rishi Arun K. , Boire Breana , Aare Mounika , Singh Mandip
Published: June 2024

Background: In this study, we investigated in detail the role of cannabidiol (CBD), beta-caryophyllene (BC), or their combinations in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN). The key factors that contribute to DN include mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods: Briefly, streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce DN in Sprague–Dawley rats, and we performed procedures involving Randall Sellito calipers, a Von Frey aesthesiometer, a hot plate, and cold plate methods to determine mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in vivo. The blood flow to the nerves was assessed using a laser Doppler device. Schwann cells were exposed to high glucose (HG) at a dose of 30 mM to induce hyperglycemia and DCFDA, and JC1 and Mitosox staining were performed to determine mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial superoxides in vitro. The rats were administered BC (30 mg/kg), CBD (15 mg/kg), or combination via i.p. injections, while Schwann cells were treated with 3.65 µM CBD, 75 µM BC, or combination to assess their role in DN amelioration. Results: Our results revealed that exposure to BC and CBD diminished HG-induced hyperglycemia in Schwann cells, in part by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial superoxides. Furthermore, the BC and CBD combination treatment in vivo could prevent the deterioration of the mitochondrial quality control system by promoting autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis while improving blood flow. CBD and BC treatments also reduced pain hypersensitivity to hyperalgesia and allodynia, with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in diabetic rats. These in vivo effects were attributed to significant upregulation of AMPK, sirT3, Nrf2, PINK1, PARKIN, LC3B, Beclin1, and TFAM functions, while downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, NFκB, COX2, and p62 activity was noted using Western blotting. Conclusions: the present study demonstrated that STZ and HG-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. We find, for the first time, that a CBD and BC combination ameliorates DN by modulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
Research Progress and Trends in Urban Residential Segregation
Authors: Yue Xiaoli , Wang Yang , Li Wenlu , Wu Yingmei , Wang Yufei , Zhang Hong’ou , Ma Ziqi
Published: June 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization and profound socioeconomic changes, the influx of people from various social strata into cities has led to the phenomenon of residential segregation. Currently, the international community has accumulated profound theoretical foundations and rich practical experiences in the study of residential segregation. This research, primarily based on the WOS literature database, sorts and summarizes relevant studies on residential segregation in recent years (focusing on publications from 2020 to 2024), emphasizing the following four key aspects: (1) tracing the evolution of the theory of residential segregation and analytical methods; (2) analyzing the main characteristics of urban residential segregation; (3) exploring the driving mechanisms and effects of urban residential segregation; and (4) summarizing research trends and providing future perspectives. This study aids urban planners in more accurately identifying areas and characteristics of residential segregation, optimizing urban layouts, and providing richer and more in-depth theoretical support and practical guidance for the field of urban planning science.
Advances in Immunotherapy for Transplant Oncology
Authors: Abdelrahim Maen , Esmail Abdullah , He Aiwu Ruth , Khushman Moh’d , Rayyan Yaser
Published: June 2024

The increasing incidence of global cancer rates has created an entirely new demand for curative treatment modalities to improve patient outcomes [...]
Interest of Integrated Whole-Body PET/MR Imaging in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Retro-Prospective Study
Authors: Abid Camelia , Tannoury Jenny , Uzzan Mathieu , Reizine Edouard , Mulé Sébastien , Chalaye Julia , Luciani Alain , Itti Emmanuel , Sobhani Iradj
Published: June 2024

Introduction and aim: Simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) combines the high sensitivity of PET with the high specificity of MRI and is a tool for the assessment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-NENs). However, it remains poorly evaluated with no clear recommendations in current guidelines. Thus, we evaluated the prognostic impact of PET-MRI in G-NEN patients. Methods: From June 2017 to December 2021, 71 G-NEN patients underwent whole-body PET-MRI for staging and/or follow-up purposes. A whole-body emission scan with 18F-6-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18FDOPA, n = 30), 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG, n = 21), or 68Ga-(DOTA(0)-Phe(1)-Tyr(3))-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC, n = 20) with the simultaneous acquisition of a T1-Dixon sequence and diffusion-weighed imaging (DWI), followed by a dedicated step of MRI sequences with a Gadolinium contrast was performed. The patients underwent PET-MRI every 6–12 months during the follow-up period until death. Over this period, 50 patients with two or more PET-MRI were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 61 [extremes, 31–92] years. At the baseline, PET-MRI provided new information in 12 cases (17%) as compared to conventional imaging: there were more metastases in eight, an undescribed location (myocardia) in two, and an unknown primary location in two cases. G grading at the baseline influenced overall survival. During the follow-up (7–381 months, mean 194), clinical and therapy managements were influenced by PET-MRI in three (6%) patients due to new metastases findings when neither overall, nor disease-free survivals in these two subgroups (n = 12 vs. n = 59), were different. Conclusion: Our study suggests that using PET/MRI with the appropriate radiotracer improves the diagnostic performance with no benefit on survival. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this procedure.
Challenges and Opportunities for Precision Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: O’Connell Robert Michael , Hoti Emir
Published: June 2024

The incidence of colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is increasing globally due to an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. A minority of patients with CRLM have surgically resectable disease, but for those who have resection as part of multimodal therapy for their disease, long-term survival has been shown. Precision surgery—the idea of careful patient selection and targeting of surgical intervention, such that treatments shown to be proven to benefit on a population level are the optimal treatment for each individual patient—is the new paradigm of care. Key to this is the understanding of tumour molecular biology and clinically relevant mutations, such as KRAS, BRAF, and microsatellite instability (MSI), which can predict poorer overall outcomes and a poorer response to systemic therapy. The emergence of immunotherapy and hepatic artery infusion (HAI) pumps show potential to convert previously unresectable disease to resectable disease, in addition to established systemic and locoregional therapies, but the surgeon must be wary of poor-quality livers and the spectre of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Volume modulation, a cornerstone of hepatic surgery for a generation, has been given a shot in the arm with the advent of liver venous depletion (LVD) ensuring significantly more hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR). The optimal timing of liver resection for those patients with synchronous disease is yet to be truly established, but evidence would suggest that those patients requiring complex colorectal surgery and major liver resection are best served with a staged approach. In the operating room, parenchyma-preserving minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can dramatically reduce the surgical insult to the patient and lead to better perioperative outcomes, with quicker return to function.