bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of the effect of elastic deformation on the static characteristics of a circular journal bearing lubricated with a ferrofluid
Authors: Azzala Abdellah , Chetti Boualem , Zidane Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the effect of elastic deformation on the static characteristics of a circular journal bearing operating with a ferrofluids. Applying momentum and continuity equation, for ferrofluid under the applied magnetic field, the modified Reynolds equation is derived using the Neuinger-Rosensweig model. A magnetic field is created by displaced finite wire. The elastic thin liner model is used for determining the displacement field at the fluid film bearing liner interface. To obtain the pressure distribution, the modified Reynolds equation is solved using finite difference technique with appropriate iterative technique incorporating Reynolds boundary conditions. The static performance characteristics for journal bearing in terms of the load carrying capacity, the attitude angle, friction coefficient and the side leakage are studied for various values of the magnetic force coefficient and the elastic deformation coefficient. According to the results obtained, it is found that the increasing of magnetic force coefficient produces an increase of the film pressure, load carrying capacity, attitude angle and side leakage, while it decreases the friction coefficient increases. In addition, it is found that the effect of the elastic deformation on the static characteristics for the journal bearing is depending to the values of the eccentricity ratio and the magnetic force coefficient. The presence of magnetic fields significantly enhances the performance of a rigid and deformable journal bearing.
Truncation effects on circular EHL contact film thickness
Authors: Patrigeon Tristan , Philippon David , Devaux Nicolas , Morales-Espejel Guillermo E. , Fillot Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Predictions of film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubricated (EHL) contacts generally rely on the assumption of a semi-infinite equivalent solid to calculate elastic deformations. However, this assumption often fails when the contact is near an edge of one of the solids. This paper explores the impact of a solid edge being close to or within a theoretical EHL contact area on film thickness. We specifically highlight the advantages of a sharp edge over a chamfer, and the non-monotonous effect of the fillet radius on the minimum film thickness. Semi-analytical equations are developed to determine the maximum and minimum lubricant film thickness in a truncated contact and compare numerical results with experimental data in cases involving a chamfer.
Evaluation of the impact of neurology electronic consults (e-consults): Experiences of a neurology resident clinic in a safety-net hospital
Authors: Tardo Lauren , Hirczy Siegfried , Blackburn Kyle , Mejia Maria , Salter Amber , Huynh Melissa , Khan Shaida
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives

Electronic consults (e-consults) are asynchronous, formalized requests by a provider to involve a specialist to assist with decision making. E-consults are an alternative to face-to-face consultation and are a promising strategy to efficiently address certain requests for advice. The objective of this project was to examine the utility and characteristics of electronic consults utilized in a safety-net hospital outpatient neurology clinic.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed e-consults to the neurology clinic from1 January 2021 to 31 September 2021. The reasons for requests and any diagnostic or treatment recommendations were collected. The time to completion of the e-consults and the percentage of e-consult referred for an in-person clinic evaluation were determined as outcome measures. Following each e-consult, the consulting provider completed a survey to gather their assessment on the appropriateness of the consult, time spent answering the consult, and if unnecessary testing or clinic visits were avoided.

Results

A total of 528 e-consults were completed during the study period. The most frequent e-consult referrals were for headache (22%), stroke/neurovascular (21%), neuropathy/neuritis/disturbance of skin sensation (11%), and seizures/spells (11%). The majority of e-consults (94%) were answered in one business day (defined as occurring within 24 h) with 67% of consults answered the same day (defined as occurring within the same calendar day). The consulting providers reported that more than 90% of e-consults took <15 min to answer, and 84% of e-consult requests were felt to be appropriate. A total 156 (41.4%) patients initially seen as an e-consult were referred for a face-to-face visit within 90 days of the e-consult.

Discussion

E-consults provided expedited input from neurologists, which is vital in health systems that provide care to vulnerable populations. The majority of e-consults were answered within 1 day of referral, offering rapid access to neurological expertise in comparison to wait times currently encountered for face-to-face visits. Accordingly, e-consults have the potential to expedite treatment for patients, empower primary care providers, and reduce demand for in-person consultations, particularly in large health systems caring for vulnerable populations.
Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report
Authors: Gehdu Bayparvah Kaur , Gray Katie LH , Cook Richard
Published: August 2024

In the present study, we sought to examine whether face recognition problems impact the social anxiety experienced by autistic people. Many autistic people – perhaps between 15% and 30% – exhibit severe face recognition problems that closely resemble developmental prosopagnosia. At present, however, little is known about the psychosocial consequences of these difficulties. Autistic participants ( N = 60) with varying degrees of face recognition ability completed two measures of face recognition (the original and Australian variants of the Cambridge Face Memory test), a measure of social anxiety (the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale) and a bespoke survey that enquired about individuals’ experiences of face recognition and social interaction. Relative to autistic individuals with average or above-average face recognition, autistic individuals with poor face recognition described significantly higher levels of social anxiety. Moreover, more than half our participants felt that poor face recognition hampered their social interaction, while more than a third thought that poor face recognition had undermined their efforts to make friends. These initial results suggest that poor face recognition may be an important determinant of social anxiety in autism.

Lay abstract

Research has shown that some autistic people have severe difficulties in recognising other people’s faces. However, little is understood about how these difficulties impact the daily life and the mental well-being of autistic people. In this study, we asked 60 autistic adults with varying degrees of face recognition ability to complete two tests of face recognition, a questionnaire about social anxiety and a bespoke survey which asked participants about their experiences of face recognition and social interaction. We found that participants who had poor face recognition reported experiencing higher levels of social anxiety compared to those with average or better face recognition skills. More than half felt that their face recognition difficulties affected their social interactions, and over a third believed it hindered their ability to make friends. These findings suggest that face recognition difficulties may contribute to social anxiety among autistic individuals.
Academic achievement in English: Minority home language students in early French immersion
Authors: Sorenson Duncan Tamara , Sutton Ann , Genesee Fred , Chen Xi , Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth , Pagan Stephanie , Oracheski Joan
Published: August 2024

Aims and Objectives:

Increasingly, students who speak a minority language at home (minority-L1) enroll in Early French Immersion in Canada. A frequent question is the extent to which they develop academic abilities in English. Accordingly, this study asks: (a) Do a similar percentage of minority-L1 students meet provincial standards for academic achievement when tested in English when they attend French immersion compared to English language of instruction? (b) What are the outcomes for minority-L1 students with relatively low English proficiency? and (c) What factors contribute to minority L1-students’ academic achievement when evaluated through English?

Methods:

We compared performance on province-wide assessments of English reading, writing, and mathematics for Grade 3, minority-L1 students enrolled in French immersion ( n = 196) and in English ( n = 169).

Data and Analysis:

Chi-square analyses compared the percentage of participants meeting the provincial standard in each academic domain in French immersion and English programs. Predictors of performance within two English proficiency groups ( low and not low) were investigated using binary logistic regression analyses.

Findings and Conclusions:

In each domain, a similar percentage of minority-L1 students in French immersion and in English met the provincial standard, illustrating that immersion programs are suitable for minority-L1 students. Logistic regression revealed some overlap in individual difference factors, but the constellation of significant predictors differed for students with low English proficiency and those with relatively higher levels of proficiency. Individual learner profiles need to be considered when determining how to support these students.

Originality:

This study specifically considered performance of minority-L1 students across programs and examined if predictors of achievement in English are comparable for students with different levels of English proficiency.

Significance:

As school boards work to improve inclusivity within their programs, this study offers much needed evidence concerning the performance of minority-L1 students in dual language programs.
Childhood Maltreatment and Perinatal Complications: A Scoping Review of Official Health Data
Authors: Frederickson Alesha , Mazzarello Olivia , Langevin Rachel
Published: August 2024

Child maltreatment (CM) poses significant risks to victims, resulting in enduring physical, psychological, and developmental consequences. Adult survivors of CM seem especially vulnerable to perinatal complications. However, existing research on perinatal outcomes presents mixed results and relies heavily on self-reported data, which may not align with official medical data. Hence, a systematic review using official health data may provide clarity on this association; it may orient future research and the provision of perinatal services. This scoping review aimed to synthesize and evaluate the quality of the literature that utilizes official health data to explore associations between CM and perinatal complications. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s model, searches across four databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations/Thesis) produced 8,870 articles. After screening, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria (e.g., recorded perinatal complications using official health data, and peer-reviewed studies or dissertation). Evidence indicates CM survivors have less prenatal care visits, more fetal loss and preterm births, lower gestational age, and increases in emergency cesarean sections. Adults had more cervical insufficiency, lower episiotomies and sphincter ruptures, and overall pregnancy and postpartum complications while adolescents had lower Apgar scores. No associations were observed on other outcomes (e.g., vaginal bleeding, group B streptococcus, and fetal distress). Mixed findings emerged for other perinatal and maternal health concerns such as birth weight and blood pressure. CM survivors may face an increased risk of experiencing perinatal complications. Findings point to the relevance of leveraging health data for CM research and adopting trauma-informed practices in perinatal services.
Responsible AI in Organizational Training: Applications, Implications, and Recommendations for Future Development
Authors: Chen Zhisheng
Published: August 2024

Through a literature review, this study investigates the responsibility, application, and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizational training based on the theoretical frameworks of Psychological, Economic, and Systems Theories in Human Resource Development (HRD). It emphasizes the importance of responsible AI training systems that adhere to non-discrimination, privacy, interpretability, professional responsibility, and accountability to ensure AI’s beneficial and equitable contribution to training. The application scenarios of AI in areas such as knowledge management, training needs analysis, training delivery, and feedback to provide personalized and efficient training solutions are analyzed. Moreover, it highlights the differing impacts of AI-supported training on organizations, trainers, and trainees and the significance of stakeholder engagement. Finally, it proposes recommendations for future research to broaden our understanding of AI’s application in training and assess its effects on policies and practices, guiding organizations to adopt AI technologies per HRD principles and ethical standards.
In Situ Needle Fenestration during Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Successful Fenestration of Two Overlapping Thoracic Stent Grafts
Authors: Sfyroeras Georgios S. , Georgiadi Eleni , Papavasileiou Georgia , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Kakisis John D.
Published: August 2024

Endovascular stent grafting is becoming more common in treating complex thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. When it becomes necessary to cover the supra-aortic vessels, maintaining blood supply through the supra-aortic branches can be achieved by performing in situ needle fenestration. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with a type B aortic dissection that extended from the origin of the left subclavian artery. A stent graft was inserted into the thoracic aorta distally of the origin of the left common carotid artery. Due to the stent graft moving distally and not adequately sealing the subclavian artery, a second stent graft was placed more proximally. Both stent grafts were successfully in situ fenestrated using a needle, and a stent graft was inserted into the subclavian artery. In conclusion, during thoracic endovascular aortic repair, in situ needle fenestration can be successfully carried out on two overlapping thoracic stent grafts.
Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on 30-Day Outcomes in Endovascular Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Li Renxi , Sidawy Anton , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as an independent predictor of poorer long-term prognosis after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, its impact on short-term perioperative outcomes is conflicting, which can be important for preoperative risk stratification. This study aimed to evaluate the 30-day outcomes of patients with CKD following non-ruptured complex EVAR in a national registry.

Methods

Patients who had EVAR for complex AAA were identified in ACS-NSQIP targeted database from 2012-2022. Complex AAA included juxtarenal, suprarenal, or pararenal proximal extent, Type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysm, and/or aneurysms treated with Zenith Fenestrated endograft. Exclusion criteria included age<18 years, ruptured AAA, acute intraoperative conversion to open, emergency presentation, and dialysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare 30-day postoperative outcomes of CKD and non-CKD patients, where demographics, baseline characteristics, aneurysm diameter, distant aneurysm extent, anesthesia, and concomitant procedures were adjusted.

Results

There were 695 (39.33%) and 1072 (60.67%) patients with and without CKD, respectively, who underwent EVAR for complex AAA. Patients with and without CKD have comparable 30-day mortality (aOR = 1.165, 95 CI = 0.646-2.099, P = 0.61). However, CKD patients had a higher risk of renal complications (aOR = 2.647, 95 CI = 1.399-5.009, P < 0.01) including higher progressive renal insufficiency (aOR = 3.707, 95 CI = 1.329-10.338, P = 0.01) and acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (aOR = 2.533, 95 CI = 1.139-5.633, P = 0.02). All other 30-day outcomes were comparable between CKD and non-CKD patients.

Conclusion

Patients with CKD had similar 30-day mortality and morbidity rates but a higher risk of postoperative renal complications. Therefore, meticulous preoperative planning and postoperative management, which may include optimal hydration, appropriate contrast use, and close renal function monitoring, are essential for patients with CKD after complex EVAR.
Parent Perspectives of Co-Occupations in Neonatal Intensive Care: A Thematic Review of Barriers and Supports
Authors: Stovall Sydnee G. , George Rylie G. , Lara Madelyn T. , Gainous Kyra O. , Kitchens Riqiea F. , Hilton Claudia L.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Co-occupations within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which include parenting activities, such as bathing, feeding, diapering, comfort care, and bonding for attachment, are consequential for optimal infant development.

Objectives:

This thematic systematic review examines supports and barriers for facilitating co-occupations between parents and infants in the neonatal setting.

Methodology:

A search of four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed) resulted in 20 studies that met inclusion criteria for data extraction.

Results:

Family-centered NICU design, good communication between parents and NICU staff, increased physical contact, parent involvement in caregiving, psychological wellness, parent education, peer support, and established parental roles are identified as supports to co-occupational engagement. Identified barriers include physical separation, loss of parental role, restrictions of the NICU environment, medical technology, role strain, psychological burden, lack of knowledge, and poor communication.

Implications:

Findings suggest that neonatal occupational therapy practitioners can facilitate parent-infant co-occupations by addressing barriers and augmenting existing supports.
Decolonising Qualitative Analysis: Collectively Weaving Understanding Using Talanoa and Fa’afaletui Pacific-Indigenous Research Methods
Authors: Mafile’o Tracie , Vaka Sione , Leau Kotalo , Satele Petra , Alefaio-Tugia Siautu
Published: August 2024

Sense-making processes shape the messages and impacts of qualitative research. Using qualitative data analysis methods embedded within a Pacific-Indigenous research paradigm decolonises research. This article discusses the Pacific-Indigenous data analysis processes of talanoa and fa’afaletui employed within a study of Pacific elder care in Aotearoa New Zealand, conducted by scholars of Pacific/Moana heritage. While research literature has primarily identified talanoa and fa’afaletui as data collection methods, we discuss our use of talanoa and fa’afaletui as methods of analysis. Talanoa and fa’afaletui were engaged as collective processes of orality weaving understanding from the researchers’ lived experiences and navigating across languages. Enhancing authenticity and actionability are identified as benefits of talanoa and fa’afaletui collective data analysis. Considerations for implementing these methods are language, logistics and location.
The leaderlessness conundrum: Politics and anti-politics in global justice movements
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Collective action failures are often attributed to inadequate organisation and leadership. Protest movements – including recent state-level protests and revolts, from the “Arab Spring” to the square occupations and Black Lives Matter, and transnational ones like the World Social Forum and recent expressions of the environmental movement such as Fridays for Future and Extinction Rebellion– have been arenas of conflicts over organisational structures and leadership. Activists consider leaders along a spectrum from representatives of the group interests, values and identity, through seductive manipulators of individuals and discourses, to illegitimate undemocratic usurpers. Some activist collectives reject leadership’s emancipatory claims and (cl)aim to prefigure horizontal political relationships. For others, leaderlessness (re)produces structures of domination that cause the collapse of collective action. I propose that a) groups appoint leaders (formal or informal) when they feel unable to ensure their survival (due to oppression, challenges to lifestyle or livelihood) or to prevent the spread of unbearable feelings (helplessness, frustration, anxiety), b) leaders do not (mostly, often at all) represent the group’s conscious will, but its underlying emotions and beliefs, and c) leadership and individual autonomy are inversely proportional and so are leadership investments and group-wide political creativity. Drawing on critical leadership studies and the psychoanalytic study of groups, I introduce some aspects of the relationship between leadership and anti-leadership and, on the other hand, politics and anti-politics. The argument presented applies to any group, formal, informal and unconscious.
Intra- and inter-examiner Reproducibility of the menstrual hygiene management skills’ rating by prepubescent girls in Japan
Authors: Tsuda Satoko , Maruyama Yuki , Muroka Chika , Kondo Chie , Takada Satoshi
Published: August 2024

Prepubescent girls with intellectual disabilities and high support needs encounter difficulties with menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and require individualized education. However, no clear methodology exists for assessing the reliability and validity of premenstrual MHM skills. We developed a 17-item MHM assessment tool to determine the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of MHM skills. Prepubescents—9 with intellectual disabilities and 10 with typical development—were educated on menstruation and assessed by three examiners. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed high reproducibility, with intra-examiner reproducibility (ICC [1.1]) ranging from 0.87 to 0.99, regardless of disability. Conversely, inter-examiner reproducibilities were ICC (2.1) = 0.69–0.92 and 0.50–0.94 and Kappa coefficients were 0.54–0.81 and 0.37–1.00 for girls with intellectual disability and others, respectively. Items such as lowering underwear and wrapping napkins were less reproducible despite disability. Ability did not affect reproducibility and was useful for identifying MHM changes pre- and post-menstrual education.
Rates of ground reaction force development are associated with running speed during sprint acceleration
Authors: Nagahara Ryu , Girard Olivier , Messou Paul-Axel
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overground sprint performance and rates of force development (RFDs) in ground reaction forces (GRF) during the entire acceleration phase. Thirty-one male sprinters performed 60-m sprints during which the GRF from the start to the 50-m mark were measured. The vertical, braking and propulsive RFDs at each step were calculated as the average rate of change in GRF. Average values for each four steps during the acceleration phase were calculated to examine relationships between running speed or average horizontal external power (AHEP) and RFD values. The RFD values ranged from 859.8 ± 191.1 to 1682.0 ± 258.2 N/s/kg for vertical force, −502.6 ± 215.7 to −1033.8 ± 196.2 N/s/kg for braking force, and 97.2 ± 11.7 to 185.4 ± 32.3 N/s/kg for propulsive force. There were associations of running speed with vertical RFD at the 21st–24th step section (r = 0.385) and with propulsive RFD at the 1st–4th step section and from the 13th–16th to 21st–24th step sections (r = 0.386–0.559). Moreover, AHEP was correlated with vertical RFD from the 13th–16th to 21st–24th step sections (r = 0.442–0.523), with braking RFD at the 17th–20th and 21st–24th step sections (r = −0.423 and −0.448), and with propulsive RFD at every step section (r = 0.374–0.856). In conclusion, greater propulsive RFD throughout the acceleration phase, along with higher braking and vertical RFD during the later acceleration section, may indicate better sprint performance.
Cosmologies, coloniality and quantum critique: Exploring conversations with Native American ways of knowing
Authors: Zanotti Laura
Published: August 2024

Worldviews provide orientation in the world. They also have worlding power as part of material assemblages within which our responses to political issues are devised. This article turns the gaze inward to “decenter” Western ways of knowing, cosmologies, and stories of the origins of the universe. It questions considering science as a way of knowing completely separated from religious and political thinking and highlights how Western theories of matter became entangled with practices of colonial power. Furthermore, this article argues that by emphasizing uncertainty, relationality, and the relevance of processes of mattering, Quantum Social Theory worldviews challenge the pillars of the onto-epistemologies of the Enlightenment and bring us closer to some elements of Native Peoples onto epistemologies. This piece aims at decentering the ways of knowing of the Empire, building a bridge with non-Western worldviews, and showing that relational onto-epistemological orientations may chang how we engage with other human and non-human beings and how we address political matters.
Outcomes of ureteroscopy and laser fragmentation using a 60 W MOSES laser: a 3-year prospective study from a University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jahrreiss Victoria , Ripa Francesco , Somani Bhaskar
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Modulated optics enhancement system (MOSES) holmium lasers use “pulse modulation” to increase the efficacy of laser lithotripsy. As the clinical evidence on the efficacy of 60 W holmium laser with MOSES technology is scarce, we analyzed the outcomes of patients treated with this laser at our institution.

Methods:

A total of 96 consecutive patients with urinary stones (72 renal stones and 24 ureteral stones) were treated with the 60 W MOSES laser from 2019 until 2022 and were included in our analysis. Patient data and outcomes were prospectively collected, and analysis was performed regarding patient demographics, stone parameters, as well as stone-free rate, operating time, length of stay, and perioperative and postoperative complications.

Results:

With a median age of 55 (IQR: 35–69.25) years, the male:female ratio was 53:43. The median stone size was 12 mm (IQR: 7–19), with a mean number of urinary stones of 1.82 (SD ± 1.4). While 36 (35%) patients were pre-stented, a ureteral access sheath was inserted in 36 (37.5%) patients. The median operative time was 44 min (IQR: 22.5–59.5), and 63 (65.5%) patients received postoperative stenting. Perioperative complications (all Clavien ⩽ II complications) were observed in 5 (5.2%) patients (four urinary tract infections and one acute urinary retention), and after the first procedure, 90 (93.8%) patients were stone-free. The median length of hospital stay was 1 day (IQR: 1–1).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the 60 W MOSES laser was safe and efficient for the treatment of urinary stones with high stone-free rates and a small risk of minor complications. More studies with larger cohorts are necessary in the future to confirm our results.
Clinical Usage and Potential Benefits of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predict App
Authors: Glatzer Timor , Ehrmann Dominic , Gehr Bernhard , Penalba Martinez Maria Teresa , Onvlee Joannet , Bucklar Gabriela , Hofer Michèle , Stangs Miriam , Wolf Nora
Published: August 2024

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become an increasingly important tool for self-management in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this paper, we discuss recommendations on how to implement predictive features provided by the Accu-Chek SmartGuide Predict app in clinical practice. The Predict app’s features are aimed at ultimately reducing diabetes stress and fear of hypoglycemia in people with DM. Furthermore, we explore the use cases and potential benefits of continuous glucose prediction, predictions of low glucose, and nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Connected Pens or Smart Pens: Technology Needs Context
Authors: Heinemann Lutz , Sieber Jochen , Kulzer Bernd
Published: August 2024

Subcutaneous insulin administration has come a long way; pens that are connected to smartphones/cloud enable data transfer about insulin dosing. The usage of detailed dosing information in a smart way can support the optimization of insulin therapy in many ways. This review discusses terminology aspects that are relevant to the optimal usage of this novel option for insulin administration. Taking such aspects into account might also be crucial to improving the uptake of these medical products. In contrast to systems for automated insulin delivery, people with diabetes have to administer the insulin dose themselves; the technology can only support them. Combining smart pens with systems for continuous glucose monitoring provides solutions that are close to an automated solution, but are more discrete and associated with lower costs.
Illegal luxuritecture: How the super-rich in Hong Kong land grab and unlawfully expand their luxury living spaces
Authors: Ho Hang Kei
Published: August 2024

This article introduces the concept of ‘illegal luxuritecture’ – illegal luxury architecture – to capture the way a minority of super-rich expand their living environments without planning permissions, sometimes through land grabs of government land. Typically, illegal housing is associated with the urban poor, but it is argued that through elite capture, unauthorised building works (UBWs) have also been utilised by the super-rich. This article focusses on Hong Kong where a number of illegal luxuritectural structures came to light after September 2023 when the most severe rainstorm since records began in the 19th century caused the collapse of unauthorised building works. Illegal luxuritectural construction involves illegally altering building foundations and sometimes flood protection walls, causing destabilisation of soil and creating landslides. Although failure to comply with Building (Planning) Regulations and the Buildings Ordinance is a criminal offence which can result in fines or imprisonment, findings suggest that a minority of the elite class tends to ignore these regulations. This is because, the fines for unauthorised building works are relatively small in relation to the high value of the property or the rental income generated, and prison sentences are almost never imposed. This article contributes to the current academic discussions on the super-rich in general and the housing of the global super-rich in particular.
A Content Analysis of The Bornoff String Bulletin and String Education Quarterly From 1966 to 1991
Authors: McGrory Matthew T. , Dakon Jacob M.
Published: August 2024

Between 1966 and 1991, George Bornoff and his associates published two primary periodicals, the Bornoff String Bulletin (BSB) and String Education Quarterly (SEQ), each of which document aspects of Bornoff Approach to string class instruction. Given that all three periodicals remain largely inaccessible to the public, the purpose of this qualitative content analysis was to provide summative descriptions of the BSB and SEQ that further inform our understanding of Bornoff’s Approach. Our study was guided by three research questions: (a) What was the purpose of the BSB, SEQ1, and SEQ2 publications? (b) What content was addressed in these publications? and (c) Which string instruments are featured more prominently in pedagogical content across periodicals? Through our analysis, we sought to provide a description of each set of periodicals. Analyses revealed four themes in the publications: (a) Promoting the Bornoff Approach, (b) Sharing String Pedagogy, (c) Clarifying Concepts and Procedures, and (d) Training Public School Teachers. Findings provide insights into Bornoff’s pedagogy, the influence of Gestalt philosophy and Bornoff’s efforts to advance string education.
Treatment patterns and factors associated with discontinuation of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Alkaabi Muzoon Matar Saleh , Rabbani Syed Arman , Rao Padma GM , Mohamedelhassan Mai Ismail
Published: August 2024

Background:

Biological agents have revolutionized care in specialties such as oncology, immunology, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders, offering targeted actions on specific molecules or select immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies, known for their high specificity and precision, represent one of the most significant and rapidly expanding categories of these agents. Understanding the drug utilization patterns of monoclonal antibodies is crucial to ensure their optimal use, especially given their high cost and potential adverse effects.

Methods:

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a secondary hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Patients of either gender receiving monoclonal antibodies at the study site were included. Treatment patterns, utilization, and factors associated with the discontinuation of monoclonal antibodies were assessed.

Results:

Hyperlipidemia (136, 39.1%) was the most common indication for monoclonal antibodies, followed by prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in congenital heart disease (104, 29.9%) and osteoporosis (42, 12.1%). Evolocumab was the most commonly prescribed monoclonal antibody (135, 38.8%), followed by palivizumab (104, 29.9%), and dupilumab (38, 10.9%). The majority of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a prescribed daily dose to defined daily dose ratio of 1.0, reflecting their appropriate utilization. One hundred twenty-nine patients (37.0%) discontinued their treatment during the study. Patient’s level of education (OR: 0.416, 95% CI: 0.183–0.943, p = 0.036), BMI (OR: 2.358, 95% CI: 1.164–4.777, p = 0.017), number of concomitant medications (OR: 2.457, 95% CI: 1.202–5.025, p = 0.014), and treatment duration (OR: 9.180, 95% CI: 4.909–17.165, p < 0.001) were identified as predictors of discontinuation of monoclonal antibodies.

Conclusion:

This study represents the first comprehensive investigation in the United Arab Emirates focused on treatment patterns, utilization, and discontinuation of monoclonal antibodies among the local population. Monoclonal antibodies were prescribed for the management of a wide range of clinical conditions. The study reports appropriate utilization of most monoclonal antibodies and identifies factors such as patient education level, BMI, concomitant medications, and treatment duration as independent predictors of monoclonal antibody treatment discontinuation.
Arrowhead chronicles: A case series on arrow injuries in the head and neck region of Bhutanese archers
Authors: Jamtsho Sonam , Pradhan Umesh
Published: August 2024

Arrow injuries in Bhutan present a unique public health challenge, reflecting the cultural significance of archery in this Himalayan kingdom. Despite being a traditional sport and an integral part of Bhutanese identity, the growing incidence of arrow-related injuries raises concerns about safety and highlights the need for targeted preventive measures. In this case series, we present six cases of arrow injuries in the head and neck region offering insights into our experiences and the challenges encountered in their management. Additionally, cultural and regulatory aspects influencing archery practices and safety protocols are considered. The findings underscore the importance of community education, enhanced safety measures, and regulatory interventions to reduce the prevalence of arrow injuries while preserving the cultural heritage of archery in Bhutan. Addressing this issue necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that combines public health initiatives, cultural sensitivity, and policy interventions.
Case report: A case of cutaneous gallstones
Authors: Bourque Mélodie , Bégin Louis R , Lemieux Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Gallbladder spillage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures is common but rarely leads to patient morbidity due to complications such as abscesses or fistulas. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman post cholecystectomy, who presented to our dermatology clinic with abdominal pain and an epigastric subcutaneous nodule. The nodule was removed, leading to a complete resolution of her pain. On histopathology, it was found to be a cutaneous cholelithiasis.
Serial tissue expansion and excision for reconstruction of giant dorsal congenital melanocytic nevus: A case report
Authors: Le Hong Phuc , Tran Nhat Tien , Nguyen Tran Bao Song , Le Nghi Thanh Nhan
Published: August 2024

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus often necessitates meticulous planning and multiple treatment stages for complete surgical excision. This report presents a case of giant congenital melanocytic nevus on the back managed through serial tissue expansion and excision. Initially, two expanders were placed at the deep fascia level. Sequential outpatient expansions over 10 weeks were followed by expander removal, partial nevus excision, defect coverage with expanded skin flaps, and simultaneous placement of a new expander. The subsequent single expander expansion over 12 weeks involved a total of 600 mL of saline. After three operations spanning approximately 6 months, 54 cm × 36 cm of giant congenital melanocytic nevus skin, covering 65% of the patient’s back, was completely excised. Serial tissue expansion and excision may be an effective surgical approach for managing dorsal giant congenital melanocytic nevus, reducing the need for multiple surgeries and achieving favorable aesthetic outcomes.
Facilitating Access to Care for Children With Complex Health Needs Through Low-Barrier Place-Based Intake Processes: Lessons From the RICHER Social Pediatric Model
Authors: So Judy , Sun Sunny , Kim Annie , Nemati Saina , Kim Michelle M. , McIntosh Gwyneth , Pikksalu Kristina , Loock Christine , Carwana Matthew
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

Exposure to adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) in childhood is associated with poorer long-term health outcomes. Within structurally marginalized populations, there are disproportionately high rates of developmentally vulnerable children. The RICHER (Responsive, Intersectoral, Child and Community Health, Education and Research) social pediatric model was designed to increase access to care in marginalized neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to describe the children and youth engaged with the RICHER model of service and characterize the needs of the population.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on children and youth who accessed primary care services through the program between January 1, 2018 and April 30, 2021. Basic descriptive data analysis was done using Stata v15.1.

Results:

A total of 210 charts were reviewed. The mean age in years at initial assessment was 6.32. Patients most commonly identified their race/ethnicity as Indigenous (33%) and 15% were recent newcomers to Canada. Evidence of at least 1 adverse SDoH was noted in 41% of charts; the most common included material poverty (34%), food insecurity (11%), and child welfare involvement (20%). The median number of diagnoses per patient was 4. The most frequently documented diagnoses were neurodevelopmental disorders (50%) including developmental delay (39%), ADHD (32%), and learning disability (26%). The program referred 72% of patients to general pediatricians and/or other subspecialists; 34% were referred for tertiary neuropsychological assessments and 35% for mental health services.

Conclusions:

Our data suggests that this low-barrier, place-based primary care RICHER model was able to reach a medically, developmentally, and socially complex population living in disenfranchised urban neighborhoods. Half of the patients identified in our review had neurodevelopmental concerns and a third had mental health concerns, in contrast to an estimated 17% prevalence for mental health, behavioral, or developmental disorders in North American general pediatric aged populations. This highlights the impact adverse SDoH can have on child health and the importance of working with community partners to identify developmentally vulnerable children and support place-based programs in connecting with children who may be missed, overlooked, or disadvantaged through traditional models of care.
The Intra-articular Tendinous Graft Diameter of 10-mm Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autografts in Adolescent Patients: An MRI Analysis of 100 Patients
Authors: Beber Samuel A. , Jones Ruth H. , Cirrincione Peter , Gross Preston W. , Green Daniel W. , Greditzer Harry G. , Heyworth Benton E. , Fabricant Peter D.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft size may be one modifiable predictor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction postoperative success, as smaller graft diameter has been associated with higher rates of rupture requiring revision. However, measuring the true intra-articular tendinous graft diameter of the soft tissue portion of a BPTB graft with standard intraoperative methods is difficult while keeping the graft intact.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of the study was to use 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements to determine the cross-sectional area of the soft tissue, tendinous portion of a standard BPTB autograft with 10-mm diameter bone plugs, and, by calculation, the collagen graft size (ie, graft diameter), as would typically be reported in ACL reconstruction studies that consider soft tissue graft size. It was hypothesized that the calculated collagen graft diameter of 10-mm BPTB autografts would be significantly smaller than 10 mm.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 100 patients (10 girls and 10 boys at each age from 13 to 17 years) who underwent a knee MRI at a single academic orthopaedic center without documented extensor mechanism pathology were identified. The central 10-mm width of the patellar tendon that would be harvested for BPTB autograft was measured. The region of interest area tool was then used to measure the cross-sectional area of a 10-mm BPTB graft with subsequent soft tissue autograft diameter calculation.

Results:

The mean calculated tendinous graft diameter of a 10 mm–wide BPTB graft was 6.3 ± 0.5 mm and was significantly smaller than a 10-mm reference ( P≤ .001). There was no significant association between age and cross-sectional area or graft diameter.

Conclusion:

Modern 3-dimensional imaging-based measurement techniques demonstrated that the true intra-articular tendinous soft tissue portion of 10-mm BPTB autografts shows substantial variation and is significantly smaller in diameter than the tunnels typically reamed to accommodate the bone plug portions of these grafts. Moreover, as graft size is a predictor of rupture rate, preoperative MRI-based evaluation may be an important tool when considering BPTB autograft for ACL reconstruction. Future comparative clinical research utilizing graft size as a study variable should consider quantifying and utilizing the diameter of the soft tissue component of BPTB autografts.
A Brief Patient-Recorded Audio File Called TIMS (This Is My Story) Improves Communication and Empathy for Healthcare Teams in the Hospital
Authors: Tracey Elizabeth , Wilson Jason , Im Carolyn , Abshire-Saylor Martha
Published: August 2024

Our objective was to assess the impact of a 4-question patient audio interview (this is my story [TIMS]) on medical staff empathy and communication with hospitalized patients and loved ones. We recorded a 4-question audio interview with patients and posted it to the electronic health record. We used a cross-sectional, mixed methods design to pilot this patient version of the TIMS intervention. To evaluate the intervention we collected a brief evaluation survey and conducted semistructured interviews with medical staff. Fifty-three participants responded to our TIMS evaluation survey. Fifty of 51 respondents reported the TIMS file contained useful information. Twenty-four respondents reported listening to the file decreased their distress. Most responded that they either did not have distress or the TIMS file did not change their distress. Of concern, 3 people reported that listening to the file increased their distress. Importantly, most respondents reported feeling greater empathy for the patient after listening (53%) and most reported listening improved their communication with family members (63%, n = 9/13). Qualitative analysis revealed most participants had positive impressions about TIMS. We conclude that empathy and communication were both improved with use of the 4-question TIMS recording.
Knowledge and Associated Factors Towards Sepsis Management Among Nurses Working in the Emergency Department of Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa
Authors: Alaro Michael Geletu , Ashine Taye Mezgebu , Kebede Sofia , Hussien Heyria , Alaro Melaku Geletu , Kechine Tibore Temesgen
Published: August 2024

Background

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and an important public health problem. The quality of patient care is negatively impacted when nurses lack adequate knowledge regarding the management of sepsis. On the other hand, little is known regarding Ethiopian nurses’ knowledge of sepsis management.

Objective

To assess the level of knowledge and the associated factors towards sepsis management among nurses working in emergency departments in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method

From March 18 to April 18, 2022, a health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple sampling technique (lottery method) was used to select the hospitals. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The study employed logistic regression analysis to examine the association between the independent variables and the level of knowledge. Variables were significantly associated with a level of knowledge if they had a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.

Result

Of the 127 participants, more than half (56.7%) had poor knowledge. Nurses’ knowledge of managing sepsis was significantly associated with not having regular training, a low level of education, and working experience of less than five years. The findings of the multivariable regression analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with a nurse's knowledge of sepsis management: low level of education (AOR = 3.2 (95% CI, 1.16–8.77), lack of training adjusted odd ratio (AOR = 2.5 (95% CI, 1.07–5.93), and less than five years of work experience (AOR = 3.6 (95% CI, 1. 29–9.830).

Conclusion

The majority of nurses had inadequate knowledge of managing sepsis. On the other hand, the majority of nurses had a favourable attitude toward sepsis management. Lack of prior training, a low level of education, and less than five years of work experience were all significantly associated with nurses’ poor knowledge regarding sepsis management. This study recommends that hospital managers should provide on-the-job and long-term training for nurses working in the emergency department to enhance the level of nurses’ knowledge towards sepsis management at their institutions.