bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earthen Builder Simulation: Representing Natural Materials and Embodied Carbon With Computational Play.
Authors: Potnis Neil , Ben-Alon Lola
Published: May 2024

Natural building materials are critical to the future of a decarbonized built environment. Involving low-carbon and readily available materials such as clay-richsoils and plant ﬁbers in building processes employ a range of techniques, and hence, a range of environmental and visual features, from rammed earth to cob and light straw clay. However, despite their advantages, natural materials are not represented in mainstream construction, perceived mistakenly as poor in theirperformance, low-tech, and are missing representation in training for building professionals. This research develops a digital representations-study of naturalmaterial futures and their associated embodied carbon. It links, for the ﬁrst time, computational play, and critical data with traditional recipes of designing with natural materials. A digital tool for sustainable engagement was developed by utilizing a geological database of locally available soil-based repositories. As an exploratory design tool, it was tested through 24 playtests for its mechanics, graphical user interface, and perception shifts among designers and researchers. The ﬁnal outcome seeks to establish a digital foundation for a more comprehensive earthen materials knowledge tool and life-cycle assessment. As a ﬁnal deliverable, this work aims to unveil the strength of simulative material representations in heightening the knowledge base of an overlooked, historic, and sustainable practice.
Care complexity factors associated with revisits to an emergency department
Authors: Urbina Andrea , Juvé-Udina Maria-Eulàlia , Romero-García Marta , Delgado-Hito Pilar , González-Samartino Maribel , Adamuz Jordi
Published: May 2024

Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias y determinar su relación con las reconsultas durante los 30 días posteriores a la vista inicial. Método. Estudio observacional transversal correlacional. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva todos aquellos pacientes adultos que consultaron al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 6 meses. Las variables principales del estudio fueron la reconsulta a los 30 días y 26 factores individuales de complejidad de cuidados categorizados en 5 fuentes (psicoemocional, mental-cognitiva, sociocultural, evolutiva, comorbilidades-complicaciones). Los datos fueron recogidos de la historia clínica electrónica. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 15.556 episodios de pacientes. El 82,4% (12.811) presentó algún factor de complejidad de cuidados y el 11,9% (1.088) de los pacientes dados de alta reconsultaron durante los 30 días posteriores. La presencia de mayor número de factores de complejidad de cuidados se asoció a la reconsulta a los 30 días (OR: 1,26; IC 95%: 1,11-1,43; p < 0,05), y los siguientes factores se asociaron con reconsulta: incontinencia, inestabilidad hemodinámica, riesgo de hemorragia, extremo de edad, ansiedad y temor, deterioro de funciones cognitivas y analfabetismo (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencias es elevada. Los pacientes que reconsultaron a los 30 días presentaron mayor número de factores de complejidad, por lo que su identificación precoz podría ayudar a estratificar los pacientes y diseñar estrategias preventivas para disminuir la incidencia de reconsultas
THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF STATE RESTRUCTURING IN NEPAL
Authors:   Associate Professor, Political Science Patan Multiple Campus, Patan Dhoka, Lalitpur (Tribhuvan University), Ghimire Tara Nath , Kafle Dol Raj ,   Associate Professor, History Central Department of History, Kirtipur (Tribhuvan University), Poudel Shree Ram ,   Lecturer, Journalism and Mass communication, Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus, Kathmandu, (Tribhuvan University).
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the effects of political reform in Nepal, particularly the shift from a centralized unitary system to a federal structure. While political parties initially didn't prioritize restructuring in their agendas, movements like a decade long Maoist war and the Madhesh uprising played a pivotal role in driving this change. The research aims to understand how these political shifts have influenced Nepali society, especially in remote villages with a strong history of political activism. Combining primary qualitative data from local communities with secondary information from existing literature, the study employs descriptive and analytical methods to explore the social consequences of state restructuring over time. By examining both historical context and present realities, the research sheds light on the complex relationship between political changes and societal behavior in Nepal. Ultimately, the findings offer valuable insights into the diverse impacts of political restructuring on Nepali society, enriching our understanding of its socio-political landscape.
THE ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE IMPLICATIONS IN ENHANCING THE INTEGRITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP
Authors:   Department of Business Administration / College of Administrative Sciences / Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq, Mattar Dr. Laith Ali , Awad A.M.D. Qisma Saber ,   Department of Business Administration / College of Business Administration / Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq, Radi Azab A.M.D. Khawlah ,   Department of Business Administration / College of Business Administration / Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq, Ali Mohamed Muiead Hassan ,   Department of Business Administration / College of Administrative Sciences / Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq
Published: May 2024

This research aims to explore the nature of the impact of organizational justice on the integrity of administrative leadership, for a sample of employees at the College of Management and Economics at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, through distributing a questionnaire totaling 60, of which 50 were valid for analysis and 10 were invalid, with a response rate of 83%. Organizational justice was expressed as an independent variable through three dimensions: distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, based on the scale developed by Niehoff & Moorman (1993), while the integrity of leadership was expressed as a dependent variable through five dimensions: courage, humility, fairness, rationality, and humanity, based on the scale by Wang & Hackett (2015). Several measurement tools were used in the practical aspect, relying on SPSS statistical analysis software to calculate means, standard deviations, linear regression analysis, and correlation, in addition to using the T-test. The research concluded with a number of findings, the most important of which indicated that the level of organizational justice enjoyed by the officials in the researched organization was at moderate levels according to the opinions of the research sample. The research also provided a set of recommendations, the most important of which emphasized the necessity of enhancing all dimensions of organizational justice, including distributive, procedural, and interactional, in organizations due to their significant role in creating sound administrative leadership that fosters a positive and constructive work environment, ensuring the existence of an integrated organizational unit.
THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL AUDIT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN BANKS LISTED ON THE IRAQ STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors:   Al-Muthanna University, College Of Administration And Economics, Department Of Business Administration, Iraq, Ayyed Ali Lateef
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The current study aims to shed light on the influential role of audit quality in reducing opportunistic management methods in management. Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve the objectives of the current study and test the hypotheses from an experimental perspective by reviewing previous studies and relying on them to provide a model that shows the importance of audit quality in reducing earnings management. Results: Originality/value: Given that there is a great need to prepare financial statements that are characterized by quality and reliability, this matter requires the availability of an external audit characterized by quality to ensure proper financial reporting for the economic units listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange through the external auditor limiting the means of managing profits that Followed by management.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Literature Review.
Authors:   Dentistry, Independent Investigatori, Ecuador., Molina Luis Rodrigo Velasco , Dimas Orisel Oliva ,   Dentistry, Master´s Degree in Emergency Care in Stomatology, Ministerio de Salud ,Ecuador., Mencias Karol Janice Estrada ,   Dentistry, Universidad de las Américas, Ecuador., Jaramillo Ronald Jonnathan Fuentes ,   Dentistry, Clinic Dental Implant, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador., Parra Jessica Elizabeth Machado ,   Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Published: May 2024

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is well recognized and frequently used therapeutic tool for surgeons in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). It is become popular due to its regenerative potential of autologous blood components that enhance tissue repair while improving overall surgical outcomes. we decided to discuss historical evolution of PRP and OMFS, preparation methods and biological mechanisms, OMFS applications, more precisely, efficacy of PRP in OMFS. PRP was originated from early explorations in wound healing research and now it has made continuous refinement and is being used in widespread application across diverse medical specialities. In OMFS, PRP is prepared through centrifugation methods where PRP is concentrate platelets and other important growth factors that are essential for tissue regeneration, or improving bone density and regrowth. Clinical applications span from bone and soft tissue augmentation to the management of temporomandibular joint disorders and maxillofacial pathology. Various pieces of evidence promise promising outcomes, but the efficacy of PRP in enhancing bone regeneration remains debated among researchers and physicians, which necessitates further research and comprehensive validation. Complications of PRP administration are rare but may include infection, nerve damage, tissue calcification, or even blindness in some cases, which emphasizes careful patient selection and monitoring is evident. PRP future in OMFS is promising for more personalized therapies and standardized protocols. More discoveries will be made through mixed or combination treatments with PRP and it will expand applications, technological advancements, and efficacy in long-term outcome.
TEACHER’S COMPETENCE IN TEACHING BIOLOGY IN SELECT SCHOOLS IN ISABELA
Authors: Salaguinto Angelie
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the competence levels of biology teachers in San Mariano and Benito Soliven schools during the 2019-2020 academic year. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study utilized a descriptive-comparative method. Data were collected through two main techniques: administering a test covering Biology content for Grades 7 to 10 and conducting a survey on instruction and assessment practices. The quantitative analysis described respondent profiles and competence levels, with comparisons based on selected profile variables. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze profile data, while correct response computations and percentages were employed to assess competence levels in content. Likert scales were utilized to evaluate instructional and assessment competence. Findings indicated that teacher-respondents achieved an average score of 67.22, qualifying as competent in subject content. Instructional competence received an overall mean rating of 2.42, indicating slight competence, while assessment competence garnered a weighted mean of 2.77, signifying competence. Despite overall competence in instruction and assessment, slight deficiencies were noted in content competence. Therefore, the study recommended providing teachers with opportunities for seminars, training, and workshops to update their knowledge and pedagogical approaches in line with current teaching trends. Such initiatives would enhance teacher effectiveness and ensure alignment with evolving educational standards and methodologies.
Teacher’s Competence in Teaching 21st Century Literature: Basis for Faculty Development Program
Authors: Salaguinto Roel Jhon
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study was to assess the proficiency of educators instructing Twenty-First Century Literature from the Philippines and the World in senior high schools within Legislative District 2, Division of Isabela, during the academic year 2019-2020. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study adopted a descriptive-comparative method to analyze data. Data collection techniques comprised administering a test on the subject's content covering first-quarter and second-quarter topics and a survey focusing on instructional methodologies and assessment practices. The quantitative analysis centered on delineating respondents' profiles and evaluating their competence levels, emphasizing comparing significant differences in competence levels concerning the content when categorized by selected profile variables. Profile variables were analyzed using frequency and percentages, while the test results involved computing correct responses and corresponding percentages to gauge teachers' competence levels accurately. By employing a quantitative framework, this research seeks to provide insights into the effectiveness of pedagogical practices in teaching Twenty-First Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Using statistical analysis facilitates a systematic examination of educators' competencies, enabling stakeholders to identify areas for improvement and implement targeted interventions. Ultimately, this study contributes to enhancing the quality of education delivery and promoting better student outcomes within the context of literature instruction in the specified academic setting.
Optimization of repetition spacing in the practice of learning
Authors: Woźniak Piotr , Gorzelańczyk Edward
Published: May 2024

A universal formula for computing inter-repetition intervals in paired-associate learning has been determined for the knowledge retention level of 95%. It is claimed that the formula could be used in the practice of learning for a wide range of subjects, regardless individual learner's capacity.
20 Hz bursting beta activity in the cortico-thalamic system of visually attending cats
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Bekisz Marek , Kublik Ewa , Waleszczyk Wioletta
Published: May 2024

It has recently been found (Bekisz and Wróbel 1993) that electroencephalographic recordings from the primary visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus of cats attending to visual stimuli contained enhanced activity in the 20 Hz frequency band. Here we present the detailed analysis of this activity. It consisted of short (0.1-1 s) bursts of oscillations which tended to appear simultaneously in the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus. There was an increase of amplitude and frequency of appearance of such burst-events in both of the investigated visual centres, which resulted in a power increase in 16–24 Hz band during situation requiring visual attention. The present findings provide additional evidence for cortical influence upon the thalamic information processing.
Post-stress analgesia in rats with partial amygdala lesions
Authors: Werka Tomasz
Published: May 2024

The role of the dorsal basal and the central nuclei of the amygdala under two modes of foot-shock analgesia was studied in 45 MöŻll-Wistar rats. Four minutes of continuous foot-shock produced post-stress analgesia in control and in all lesioned rats, but 20 min of regularly intermittent foot-shock did not evoke analgesia in rats with central nucleus lesion. This result indicates different involvement of dorsal basal and central nuclei in processing of stressful stimuli.
Habituation of the orienting response to auditory and visual stimuli in rats trained to press a bar
Authors: Walasek Grażyna , Węsierska Małgorzata , Zieliński Kazimierz
Published: May 2024

Habituation of the effects elicited by presentation of novel auditory (wide band noise) and visual (darkness) stimuli on on-going bar pressing for food was studied in 48 male hooded rats. Novel stimuli elicited a decrease of the bar press rate. This attenuating effect was the strongest on the first onset of the stimulus of a given modality and then slowly decayed during the stimulus action. The effect from the noise stimulus habituated more rapidly than that elicited by darkness. Then, noise onset enhanced bar pressing, and termination of the noise decreased the response rate. In contrast, termination of the darkness increased the response rate. The difference between auditory and visual stimuli in rapidity of change from attenuating to facilitating effects was more evident for shorter than for longer stimuli durations. Summation of data from repetitive presentations revealed an overall attenuating effect of the visual stimulus and a facilitating effect of the auditory stimulus on bar press rate.
Further ultrastructural studies of lesions produced in the optic nerve by Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha): a comparison with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: Liberski Paweł , Yanagihara Richard , Nerurkar Vivek , Gajdusek D.
Published: May 2024

We report here that intraocular injection of recombinant TNF-alpha produces lesions in the optic nerve indistinguishable from those reported for the panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The lesions were patchy and confined to the injected optic nerve. Axons show variable features of degenerations. Numerous vacuoles distended the myelin sheath. Hypetrophic astrocytes were numerous and many active macrophages containing digested myelin debris and lyre-like paracrystalline bodies. At high power, myelinated axons were observed as enveloped by astrocytic processes; formation of labyrinth-like network of such processes around damaged axons were observed. In conclusions, lesions produced by TNF-alpha mimic those of the panencephalopathic type of CJD, in direct support of our previous ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and molecular data on TNF-alpha involvement in CJD pathogenesis.
Dopaminergic innervation of the brain in pigeons. The presumed "Prefrontal Cortex"
Authors: Divac Ivan , Thibault Jean , Skageberg Gunnar , Palacios José , Dietl Monika
Published: May 2024

In the postero-dorso-lateral neostriatum (PDLNS) of the pigeon we found a high density of tyrosine hydroxylase and perineuronal nests of fibres labelled with anti-dopamine antibody. These data confirm our earlier indirect evidence that PDLNS receives a dense doparninergic innervation and therefore can be compared with the mammalian prefrontal cortex.
Antidromic field potentials recorded from cell groups of S2 spinal cord segment with axons in the opposite Th13 dorsolateral funiculus in the cat
Authors: Grottel Kazimierz , Huber Juliusz , Kowalski Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

Location of cell groups within gray matter of S2 spinal cord segment, whose axons are running in the opposite Th13 dorsolateral funiculus, were studied by means of antidromic field potentials recorded in chloralose anaesthetized cats. The cell bodies are forming six separate groups occupying medial laminae II and III, medial laminae IV and V, medial lamina VII, medial lamina VIII, lateral laminae V and VI and lateral laminae VIII and IX. Properties of main components in antidromic field potentials recorded in each of areas have been described. The presumable termination sites of axons of investigated cellular groups are considered.
Spatial summation processes in visually driven neurones of cat's pretectal region
Authors: Grigorian Gayane , Harutiunian-Kozak Bella , Kazarian Anahit , Hekimian Armenui , Markarian Tigran , Kozak Julius
Published: May 2024

The spatial summation processes of single neurones of cat's pretectal region were investigated with moving and stationary visual stimuli. The results indicate that the majority of the investigated neurones changed their responses essentially at the gradual increase of size of the applied stimuli (i.e. showed negative or positive summation). Particularly, direction non-sensitive neurones showed symmetrical changes of spatial summation curves in response to two opposite directions of movement. By contrast, in some direction sensitive neurones different characteristics of responses for the two opposite directions of movement were observed. Thus the number of discharges in the responses to the preferred direction could increase or decrease at the gradual increase of the moving stimulus size, while the responses to the null direction could remain stable or vice versa. The same was observed for the "ON" and "OFF" responses in the ON-OFF neurones. Thus, it appears that the pattern of responses of a given neurone to different directions of movement and to the "on" and "off" periods of stationary stimulation are shaped by independent mechanisms.
Reevaluation of the Northwestern Border of Goryeo in the Liao(遼) and Jin(金) Dynasties: Focusing on Boju(保州)
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Her Woo-Bum
Published: May 2024

During the Liao(遼) and Jin(金) dynasties of the Goryeo(高麗) period, Goryeo's northwestern border was defined by the Yalu River(鴨淥江), and Boju(保州) was located at the northwest end of Goryeo's six eastern provinces. During the Japanese colonial period, Tsuda Soh Ki-chi(津田左右吉) redefined the scope of the six eastern provinces to include the coastal areas of present day Pyonganbuk-do within the current Yalu River, a view that our academic community currently follows.
However, recently, based on research suggesting that the Yalu River during the Goryeo period was the Liao River, an argument has been made that the six eastern provinces of Goryeo should be viewed as lying between the opening of Kaixian and Cheollyeong in China. Nevertheless, issues remain regarding Goryeo's northwestern border and the Yalu River. Firstly, the misconception arises from examining the direction not as true north(眞北) but as mapped north(圖北), leading to an erroneous consideration of the west as northwest. Secondly, place names can change, and the same applies to the boundary river, the Yalu River. Therefore, the Yalu River should not be seen as a proper noun referring to a specific river but rather as a common noun meaning “boundary.” The fact that the Yalu River has many names suggests that these are not different names for a single river but rather names that indigenous people in the region have given to rivers that have become the new Yalu River due to changes in the border.
Considering these points, the author reevaluated the records of Goryeo and the Liao(遼) and Jin(金) dynasties regarding Goryeo's northwestern border and the Yalu River. As a result, it was argued that Goryeo's northwestern border included the areas of Jilin(吉林), Jangchun(長春), and Nang'an County(農安 縣) in Jilin Province, China, and that the Yitong River(伊通河) flowing through this area should be considered the Yalu River as the border. Additionally, it was noted that Boju, located at the northwest end of the six eastern provinces, corresponds well with the Nang'an County area.
the eastern end of the Great Wall and the location of NakrangKun County
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Lee eokil
Published: May 2024

Since China's Warring States Period (403-221), successive dynasties have built great walls for various purposes. Among them, the Yan and Qin great walls were built to block the southward advance of the northern equestrian people, and this characteristic continues in the Han great walls. In this respect, the Great Wall of China is also a structure through which various Chinese dynasties marked their territory. It was also a border line, meaning that the inside of the Great Wall was the territory of the Chinese dynasty, and the outside was the territory of the northern equestrian people.
Historically, the easternmost end of the Great Wall of China was Shanhaiguan, built during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). However, the Chinese National Museum now depicts the Great Wall as having reached near Pyongyang during the Qin and Han Dynasties. This was the logic of imperialist history first devised by Japanese colonial historian Inaba Iwagichi in 1910 as a peninsular view of history that sought to confine the power of Korean history to the Korean Peninsula. Inaba Iwagichi claimed in 『Treatise on the Eastern End of the Qin Great Wall and The Capital of Wangheom of Gojoson』 that the Qin Great Wall was connected to Suan of Hwanghae Province, present-day North Korea. In 1931, China's Wang Guo Liang accepted this theory of imperialist invasion in 『A History of the Chinese Great Wall』, slightly modifying it to say that the Qin Great Wall reached Pyongyang. Even after liberation, Korea's Kangdan History academia has been criticized for following the Japanese imperialist view of the history of invasion. Lee Byeong-do, who is considered to be the leader of the Korean Kangdan History academia, plagiarized the logic of Inaba Iwagichi in “Nakranggungo (樂浪郡考)” and claimed that the Qin’s Great Wall came down to Suan, Hwanghae Province of North Korea. Therefore, the claim that the eastern end of the Qin’s Great Wall, which is the logic of Japanese imperialism's invasion, reached all the way to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula is currently being accepted around the world.
During the Ming Dynasty, the construction of Shanhaiguan, the easternmost mountain in history, was to prevent invasion by the Manchurians. The Qing Dynasty, founded by the Manchurian people, no longer built great walls. Not only the Qin general, but no Chinese general has ever entered the Korean Peninsula. The reason why the Qin Dynasty built the wall was to block the Huns and Gojoseon. The border between Jin and Gojoseon was near Galshi Mountain in present-day Hebei Province, and to the north of it are the remains of the Qin and Han Great Walls. There is evidence that says. The ancient Qin and Han generals could not climb this brown stone mountain. The eastern side of Galshi Mountain was the area of Gojoseon.
A Study on the types of mothers in folktale: The type of interrupter in children’s literature works centered on mothers
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Lee Mijung
Published: May 2024

In this paper, mothers in our folktales were classified into six types: earth mother, helper, disturber, woman, subject of filial piety, and others. These types are meaningful in that they show the prototype of the mother. To confirm whether these archetypes have the present nature, the 'mother' in children's literature works was analyzed.
Focusing on the ‘obstructor’ type, The Birth of Ilsoo and The Frog Who Wouldn’t Listen to Heaven and Earth were examined. Both works could be said to be mothers of the type of obstructor that prevents their children’s growth and independence.
In this way, it was possible to confirm the presentness of the mother’s original form of the interrupter through the two works. In the future, other types of mothers in folktales also need to examine the possibility of their present meaning through analysis of their works.
A consideration of the five pillars of ignorance among the five pillars of the four pillars: Focusing on the five forms of wood and nothingness
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Song Youngyeol
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to study Myeongrihak focusing on effects of problems of Five elements no existence(五行無存) of Trees (木) of the five elements. This is an examination of the four pillars of Myeongjo as analyzed in actual cases person who appears in the book of 『Jeokcheonsucheonmi(適 天髓闡微)』In the Four Pillars Myeongjo, imbalance and disharmony occur due to the abnormality and non-existence of any of the five functions. And, in more detail, we examine case studies in ancient books to see what kind of life a person with a fortune in which one of the five elements was not fully studied lived.
In the Four Pillars Myeongjo, imbalance and disharmony occur due to the absence of any of the five elements and the absence of any one of the Five Elements. And, among the Five Elements of the Tribe, in more detail, we examine the case studies in the ancient scriptures to see what kind of life a person with a fortune in which one of the Five Elements is not fully maintained lived. do. Accordingly, by looking for and examining a case of a certain Five Elements in the original text of Iljeongmu's 『Jeokcheonsucheonmi適天髓闡微』, I looked into the details of the life of Izumi and what kind of life the main character of the case actually lived. I studied the writings left by Lim Cheol- cho(任鐵樵)
Does the majority rule principle support the rule of law (constitutionalism)?
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Jeon Deaseok
Published: May 2024

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between majority rule, the cornerstone of democratic decision-making, and the rule of law. Within communities, we generally accept the majority's voice in crucial matters. In essence, majority rule is considered a fundamental principle for arriving at democratic decisions. The legal sphere operates similarly. When a case with potentially significant societal consequences arises, legal judgments may reflect the majority opinion of the presiding judges. Furthermore, since the modern era, democracy has evolved to prioritize the protection of citizens' rights, which are enshrined and safeguarded within the constitution. Consequently, it might seem intuitive that legal judgments align with democratic principles. However, a key distinction exists: democracy signifies “rule by the majority”, while the rule of law (constitutionalism) embodies “rule by minority”, creating an inherent tension between the two domain. To explore this tension within the context of majority rule-based democracy and the rule of law, this paper will first analyze the conditions necessary for majority rule to function effectively within a democracy, thereby elucidating its significance and value. Then it will examine the potential pitfalls of majority-based legal judgments. A thought experiment will be employed to illustrate how such judgments can lead to disparate outcomes for the same case. Finally, it discusses the issue of judicialization of politics by analyzing the formal problems in the broad framework and the problems of the adjudicating subject in the narrow framework.
The Juliá-Colonna Reaction: A Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Enantioselective Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Claramunt Rosa M. , López Concepción , Santa María Dolores , Elguero José
Published: May 2024

Juliá and Colonna were one of the firsts chemists reporting examples of enantioselective organocatalyzed reactions, namely the Phase-Transfer Catalysis (PTC) olefin epoxidation. Although some reviews exist on the Juliá-Colonna reaction, none is devoted specifically to it. After an introduction reporting the main publications gathered in three tables, this review is organized into a) olefin epoxidation; b) other enantioselective catalysts; c) Juliá-Colonna papers; d, e) papers citing the "Juliá-Colonna" epoxidation with special stress on those by Stanley M. Roberts. This review summarizes the papers by these authors and reports the most relevant improvements.
Efficient and Convenient One-pot Synthesis of Quinoxalines Promoted by Schiff base dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex
Authors: Xie Jingjing , Yan Qingmin , Wei Hang , Zhang Yingying , Sun Bin , Liu Gang , Wang Weili
Published: May 2024

Schiff base dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex was found to be an effective catalyst for the condensation reaction of benzoins and 1,2-diamines to afford quinoxalines in one-pot reaction. The route provides several advantages such as simple process, mild conditions, low catalyst loadings and environmental friendliness.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Tagetes filifolia Lag. essential oil from Peruvian Andes
Authors: Solís-Quispe Leoncio , Pino Jorge A. , Tomaylla-Cruz Ciro , Solís-Quispe Jorge A. , Aragón-Alencastre Luz J. , Hernández-Balmaseda Ivones , Rodeiro Idania , Fernández Miguel D.
Published: May 2024

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Tagetes filifolia Lag. grown in the Peruvian Andes was examined throughout the gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Fifty-seven compounds were identified representing more than 99% of the essential oil. Phenylpropanoids had the major percentage, including (E)-anethol (85.0%) and estragole (12.9%) as the most abundant compounds. A multivariate analysis was performed using hierarchical cluster analysis to examine the relationship between the studied sample and other T. filifolia specimens from 21 essential oil compositions reported in the literature. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis reveals three groups: (E)-anethole/estragole, estragole/(E)-anethole and an outlier (Z)-anethole/estragole. In addition, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and ferric reducing capacity.
Condições de saúde de idosos com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica na pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Almeida Bruno Pedrini de , Collares Thaís Farias , Aikawa Priscila
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 resultou na necessidade de isolamento e distanciamento social para conter a disseminação do vírus. Neste contexto, indivíduos acometidos por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) tornaram-se vulneráveis a mais uma ameaça à sua condição de saúde.Objetivo: Verificar as condições de saúde de pacientes idosos com DPOC durante a pandemia da COVID-19.Métodos: Em estudo observacional, quantitativo, do tipo transversal, foram realizadas aplicações de instrumentos objetivando identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, bem como o impacto clínico dos sintomas da DPOC.Resultados: A faixa etária dos participantes apresentou-se entre 60 e 80 anos, sendo a maior parte deles do sexo feminino. Um a cada quatro participantes fez uso de tabaco durante o período pandêmico. A grande maioria (96%) realizou medidas de contenção, gerando inatividade física.Conclusão: O impacto clínico da DPOC no cotidiano de seus portadores merece mais atenção, haja visto o importante comprometimento funcional imposto pela doença, que pode repercutir em desfechos negativos em caso de infecções.
Fungal mediated synthesis and characterization of mixed iron- manganese oxide nanoparticles and their antimicrobial and dye remediation applications
Authors: Kunjam1 Falita , Kulkarni1 Pragya
Published: May 2024

Nanotechnology is a known field of research since last century. The present review focused on synthesis of nanoparticles through microorganisms, especially Fungi.
Due to their non-toxicity and ecologically friendly characteristics, iron manganese oxide nanoparticles created using a recently established green method are very promising. In this work, ferrous sulphate, manganese sulphate, and ethyl glycol were combined with the fungus Aspergillus niger to create iron oxide particles (Fe2MnO4) under air conditions. Systematic analysis with UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD and Antimicrobial study validated the synthesis of iron Manganese oxide nanoparticles. Environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and energy-efficient nanoparticles have been manufactured from biological resources like fungus. Further prepared Materials were used for Methylene Blue Dye Reduction.
NEW MASTER'S PROGRAMIN MANAGEMENT AT MSU: FROM DEVELOPMENT TO IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Gruzdeva E. V. , Mirakyan A. G. , Shakhova M. S. , Govorova A. V. , Suslova I. P.
Published: May 2024

The paper reflects the process of creation and presents the results of two-year work of a new master’s program “Business Development Management”. The authors were actively involved in the program’s design and its curriculum development to meet the requirements of contemporary management education. The paper presents the approaches to designing master’s programs and substantiates company’s life cycle concept as a basis for “Business Development Management” program, which involves a combination of disciplines forming students’ professional, soft, and digital skills. Drawing on the results of a first- and secondyear undergraduates’ survey, conducted in January 2023, this paper determines the factors influencing students’ interest in the program and assesses the quality of compulsory and elective disciplines. Finally, it identifies crucial problem areas in master’s education developing modern managers, shapes clearer description of a graduate of “Business Development Management” program, and outlines new areas for management education development. The authors propose to replace disciplines with poor scores and expand a list of elective courses (also taught in foreign language); strengthen the practical focus of the learning process; introduce e-learning modules and the best practices of business gamification, which will allow using the knowledge gained and the developed soft and digital skills without time gaps between education and employment. Our findings have implications both for examining management education transformation and for creating and upgrading master's degree programs in management.
ESTIMATING PROBABILITIES,MARGINAL EFFECTS AND TREATMENT EFFECTS IN RECURSIVE BIVARIATE PROBIT MODELS
Authors: KOSSOVA E.V. , SLABOLITSKIY I.S. , POTANIN B.S.
Published: May 2024

This article addresses the interpreting results of recursive system of binary equations estimation in the case when the system does not satisfy exclusion restriction conditions. It means that the equation defining the endogenous variable does not contain a unique covariate. This article extends the analysis of previous studies on the identifiability of parameters of recursive binary systems by analyzing the conditions for the identifiability of probabilities, marginal effects and treatment effects. We provide a reasonable consideration suggesting that even if parameters of the model are unidentifiable, it is still possible to estimate accurately the conditional probabilities and marginal effects, but not the treatment effects. The problem of identifiability discussed in the paper is also considered on real data. We estimate the probability of purchasing medicine depending on individuals’ characteristics and the fact of visiting a doctor. An important practical contribution of the work is the recommendation for researchers to interpret the result recursive binary system estimation via marginal effects in the case when it is not possible to include at least one unique variable in the equation for the binary covariate.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES
Authors: OKHRIMENKO A.V. , GACHEGOV M.A.
Published: May 2024

The article assesses the effectiveness of state support policies for small businesses in conditions of federal budget deficit in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is a methodology to assess the effectiveness of supporting small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of the study is to develop a system to evaluate the effectiveness of state support for SMEs. The objectives of the study: to analyze the approaches to assess the effectiveness in Russia at large and abroad, to assess the effectiveness of state support measures for SMEs in Russia and abroad, to propose their own options for assessing the effectiveness of support measures, to present the practical application of the proposed methods. Research methodology: methods of system analysis, generalization, systematization, methods of statistical, dynamic, structural and comparative analysis. Research results: the article develops a system to evaluate the effectiveness of state support for small businesses, which includes several main indicators for evaluating the effectiveness (survival rate of recipients of state support by year; dynamics of average income; dynamics of the average number of employed; dynamics of the average amount of taxes paid by SMEs), as well as an algorithm to conduct an assessment based on a comparison of selected indicators for a group of SMEs that received support with indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises that were not participants in the relevant government programs. Using the proposed assessment system based on the statistical data of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, an analysis of the effectiveness of state support measures for SMEs in general and in the context of individual forms of support in the period 2019- 2022 was carried out. Based on the significant deviation of the selected indicators of SME recipients of support from the average values in the whole SME sector (and/or in relation to SMEs that did not receive support), a conclusion is made about the high efficiency of state support for SMEs. It is also established that the impact of various forms of state support on the functioning of SMEs is different.
NETWORK APPROACH IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:PRELIMINARY RESULTSOF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Authors: SAVELIEV I.I. , TURABAEVA A.M.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the possibilities of using network approach in social entrepreneurship as one of the key tools for the sustainability of social enterprises. The authors first consider the approaches to determine the nature of social entrepreneurship in general, as well as the prerequisites for applying network approach in social entrepreneurship in particular. Such a preliminary theoretical review is important, since despite the popularity of the concept “social entrepreneurship”, at the same time we observe great uncertainty and fragmentation in the theory of social entrepreneurship, in matters of legislative regulation and state support in this area. Defining the essence of social entrepreneurship through the prism of institutional analysis is most relevant, since it is an approach that makes it possible to correlate the benefits and costs of a particular form of organization at a fundamental level, to cover the phenomenon at large, and not just individual manifestations of its features. The effectiveness of the application of the network approach in various forms of organizations has long been proven both in the new institutional economic theory and in various management concepts. The application of network approach in social entrepreneurship is also relevant. The article considers certain implications in applying this form of organization of economic interaction in the field of social entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in February-April 2022 among Russian entrepreneurs while preparing for the interregional expert session «Entrepreneurial networks as a factor in the sustainable development of the territory». The survey conducted by the method of questioning, including closed and open questions involved 115 people from 30 regions of Russia - owners and founders of small and medium-sized businesses. The paper concludes with presenting possible ways of applying the results of empirical research for the development of network forms of organization in social entrepreneurship.
Research on Measuring High-Quality Economic Development in Beijing
Authors: Yin Jieting , Yuan Junfeng , Li Yuting
Published: May 2024

This paper constructs a three-level evaluation index system for the high-quality development of Beijing's economy from six dimensions and measures the level of high-quality development of the economy from 2000 to 2019 by using entropy weight TOPSIS. The main conclusions are as follows: from the perspective of the comprehensive measurement level, the level of high-quality development of Beijing's economy is constantly improving, but there is still a certain gap from the optimal value; from 2000 to 2004, the growth rate of high-quality development of the economy was slower, with an average annual increase of less than 1%; from the perspective of the measurement level of the first-level indexes, the coordinated development is maintained at 0.17, the open development has seen a small decline, and the remaining four dimensions have an obvious upward trend in the remaining four dimensions.
Research on the Evaluation of the Efficiency of Beijing's High-Quality Economic Development
Authors: Yin Jieting , Li Yuting , Yuan Junfeng
Published: May 2024

This paper constructs a three-level evaluation index system for the high-quality development of Beijing's economy from six dimensions and evaluates the efficiency of high-quality development of the economy from 2000 to 2019 by using the DEA model with non-expected outputs. The main conclusions are as follows: from the point of view of development efficiency, the comprehensive efficiency as a whole shows a first decline and then an increase, and there is little difference in scale efficiency, which is completely close to scale efficiency.
Técnicas de aprendizaje y su impacto en la deserción de los estudiantes del bachillerato acelerado
Authors: Caicer-Nayape Alcibar Enrique , Cacoango-Yucta Washington Iván , Dayron-Rumbaut Rangel
Published: May 2024

En este estudio, se analizaron las causas que contribuyen a la deserción estudiantil en el contexto específico del programa de bachillerato acelerado. Se identificó que la precariedad socioeconómica impacta significativamente en la capacidad de los estudiantes para dedicar tiempo y esfuerzo a sus estudios, mientras que las responsabilidades familiares, especialmente aquellas que recaen en las mujeres debido a roles tradicionales, también se relaciona con la decisión de abandonar la educación. También, la falta de apoyo familiar y la infraestructura escolar inadecuada son factores determinantes que influyen en la continuidad de los estudios de los alumnos. Además, los estudiantes tienen una percepción negativa de las metodologías de enseñanza utilizadas en la escuela, lo que afecta su compromiso con el aprendizaje y la motivación. Por tanto, se propuso estrategias que buscan abordar las causas identificadas de la deserción estudiantil, con un enfoque en la implementación de metodologías educativas adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de los estudiantes y también la introducción de una ficha de alerta para identificar a los alumnos en riesgo y proporcionarles apoyo personalizado que se presenta como una medida para mejorar la retención estudiantil y promover un ambiente educativo más inclusivo y equitativo. Estas acciones apuntan a fortalecer los lazos familiares y comunitarios, así como a reafirmar la importancia de la educación secundaria en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Al trabajar de manera colaborativa y holística, se busca crear entornos educativos que promuevan la permanencia de los alumnos en el sistema educativo, garantizando así que cada estudiante tenga la oportunidad de completar su formación.