bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro-acupuncture alleviates motor deficits and maladaptive striatal plasticity in partial-lesioned parkinsonian mice
Authors: Su Wenting , Yu Jianan , Li Min , Wang Ke , Liu Chang , Jia Jun , Wang Xiaomin
Published: August 2020

Background

Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal circuit that leads to deficits in motor abilities. Electro-acupuncture has shown to improve the motor behaviors in parkinsonian models. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the electro-acupuncture treatment, specifically in the partial-lesioned model, remain unclear.
Methods

By utilizing multiple approaches, including electrophysiological, immunohistochemistrical, molecular and behavioral methods, we assessed the effect of electro-acupuncture on the motor dysfunction and striatal synaptic plasticity in a partial-lesioned mouse model induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.
Results

Electro-acupuncture ameliorated the disrupted gross and fine motor skills in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. Notably, electro-acupuncture not only restored the injured corticostriatal long-term potentiation, but also reversed the loss of GluN1-containing NMDA receptors and GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in the striatum. Furthermore, the antagonists selective for AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors blocked the effect of electro-acupuncture on the corticostriatal long-term potentiation in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mice.
Conclusions

These data suggest that the postsynaptic glutamate receptors in the striatum undergo the maladaptive changes in the early stage of Parkinson's disease. Electro-acupuncture improves the motor skills via a mechanism involving the modulation of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity and specific glutamate receptors in a partial-lesioned rodent model.
Evaluation of Different Treatment Strategies Between Right-sided and Left-sided Pneumonectomy for Stage I-IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Jia Bo , Zheng Qiwen , Li Jianjie , Zhao Jun , Wu Meina , An Tongtong , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Yang Xue , Chen Hanxiao , Chi Yujia , Wang Jingjing , Zhai Xiaoyu , Wang Ziping
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the different survival outcome of stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients who received right-sided and left-sided pneumonectomy, and to further develop the most appropriate treatment strategies. MethodsWe accessed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in the United States for the present study. An innovative propensity score matching analysis was used to minimize the variance between groups.ResultsFor 2,683 patients who received pneumonectomy, cancer-specific survival (HR=0.863, 95%CI: 0.771 to 0.965, P=0.010) and overall survival (OS) (HR=0.875, 95%CI: 0.793 to 0.967, P=0.008) were significantly superior of left-sided pneumonectomy compared with right-sided pneumonectomy. Cancer-specific survival (HR=0.847, 95%CI: 0.745 to 0.963, P=0.011) and OS (HR=0.858, 95%CI: 0.768 to 0.959, P=0.007) were also significantly longer with left-sided over opposite-sided pneumonectomy after matching analysis for 2,050 patients. Adjuvant therapy could significantly prolong cancer-specific survival (67 versus 51 months, HR=1.314, 95%CI: 1.093 to 1.579, P=0.004) and OS (46 versus 30 months, HR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.239 to 1.715, P<0.001) among left-sided pneumonectomy patients after matching procedure. While adjuvant therapy did not increase cancer-specific survival for right-sided pneumonectomy patients (46 versus 42 months, HR=1.112, 95%CI: 0.933 to 1.325, P=0.236). Subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy could significantly improve cancer-specific survival and OS for all pneumonectomy patients. But radiotherapy was associated with worse survival for patients with right-sided pneumonectomy. ConclusionsPneumonectomy side could be deemed as an important factor when physicians choosing the most optimal treatment strategies.
Total Equipment Energy Effectiveness (TEEE): A comprehensive model to manage energy in manufacturing
Authors: Anvari Farhad
Published: August 2020

Energy efficiency brings considerable benefits to society and industry through reducing carbon footprint, helping to protect environment and improving energy security and sustainability. It saves money on fuel bills and boosts growth and creates jobs in the economy. The industry sector is a major contributor to energy consumption and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It has a lot of potential to further reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Total Equipment Energy Effectiveness (TEEE) addresses the current challenge of a distinct lack of a comprehensive model to embrace all potential aspects of equipment, manufacturing processes and energy features for measuring equipment energy efficiency. The model needs to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of every manufacturing firm. It can be used at equipment level, process level as well as the broader level of a factory. The model is a measure of how efficiently equipment consumes energy compared to its full potential and can be applied as a tool to improve energy efficiency. The comprehensiveness involved might be a potential obstacle to implement a total energy effectiveness method particularly in SMEs. However, the problem is tackled by a novel TEEE Methodology which simplifies its application even for small companies. TEEE makes the concept of equipment energy effectiveness clearer and more applicable and also makes communication more efficient and easier within manufacturing industry. It provides a sound perspective on improvement to sustainability and also can be used as a benchmark and tool to promote energy awareness in the factory.
The Influence of Gravity Waves on the Climate Change Over Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia
Authors: Birhan Megbar , Adane Balew , Negussie Tamiru
Published: August 2020

Precipitation and temperature are the most fundamental meteorological/weather parameters with high spatiotemporal variability over any region of the Globe. Over Ethiopia, Upper Blue Nile basin (UBNB) is the major water resources for irrigation and societal needs not only for Ethiopia but also for downstream countries. However, the exact mechanism to study climate change is not yet satisfactory. Climate variability over UBNB is too high due to its variable topographical features. Gravity wave is one of the most influencing factors to climate change. However, there is no study conducted by considering gravity wave activities on the effect of climate change over UBNB. Therefore, the attempt is made the influence of gravity waves on climate change and variability over UBNB. To this end, we inferred different data sources (reanalysis and ground based). Kinetic energy and momentum equations were used in this study. The results indicate that the reanalysis (ECMWF) precipitation and temperature data were well agreed to the ground based data with correlation coefficient of 0.83 and 0.41 respectively. Strong gravity wave takes tropospheric cloud to stratosphere which causes drought events, while weak gravity wave moves lower tropospheric cloud to tropopause which leads to the occurrence floods. Generally, gravity wave activities affected precipitation and temperature distribution during rainy season. Hence, future study is quite useful to investigate the frequency of high gravity wave occurrence in connection to Ethiopian drought events.
Visualizations of Topologic Entropy on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Multiple Regions
Authors: Qiao Mu , Liu Renyang , Wang Zhenhui , Li Xinmei , Zheng Jeffrey
Published: August 2020

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification analysis of the virus, it is interesting for further exploration to focus attention on mutations and their transmissions in different regions. New mutations may be likely to affect the symptoms of the disease and the effectiveness of vaccination. This paper is focused on the study to make error bars and scatter graphs with the support of the metagenetic analysis system MAS. Using SARS-CoV-2 genomes in different countries and regions as input datasets, topological entropy values provide global characteristic quantities based on C4 module for visualization. Sample results show that the method is powerful and useful for consistently integrating all genomes on one unique genomic index map. Various countries have confirmed their specific positions and projections under topologic entropies. Further explorations are required.
Vitamin D Status and COVID-19: Some Implications
Authors: EMILION Ernest , Emilion Richard
Published: August 2020

Background Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of good health and its status is defined by the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D). Negative correlations between mean levels of 25(OH)D per country and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases per one million population, and COVID-19 mortality per one million population, were recently observed. The aim of this study was to identify levels of 25(OH)D below which, rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, increase significantly.Methods A data table found in the literature, containing a list of twenty countries and their corresponding mean level of 25(OH)D was updated with COVID-19 latest numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates. Cut points of 25(OH)D below which rates were significantly higher were found according to various statistical criteria: absolute difference of means, t-test p-values, between class variance, entropy. Thresholds of 25(OH)D below which there can be a significant rise of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, were found performing a Gaussian kernel regression. Results All the criteria yielded 25(OH)D cut off points at 50 ± 10 nmol/L for Cases and Mortality variables and at 60 ± 10 nmol/L for Lethality variable. A Gaussian kernel regression showed a significant rise in the rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, below 25(OH)D levels of 60 ± 6 nmol/L. Conclusion In this study, our method provided a reliable estimate (95 % confidence interval) of 25(OH)D levels, of 60 ± 6 nmol/L, in the range of vitamin D insufficiency, below which rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases per one million population, rates of COVID-19 mortality per one million population increased. We found that 25(OH)D levels below 50 ± 10 nmol/L, mainly in the range of vitamin D deficiency, associate with highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Therefore, we suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations should be above 60 ± 6 nmol/L to reduce morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In Vivo Live Imaging of Bone Using Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Quantum Dots
Authors: Che Yanjun , Feng Sijia , Guo Jiangbo , Hou Junjun , Zhu Xuesong , Chen Liang , Yang Huilin , Chen Mo , Li Yunxia , Chen Shiyi , Cheng Zhen , Luo Zongping , Chen Jun
Published: August 2020

Bone is playing an increasingly critical role in human health and disease. More noninvasive multi-scale imaging techniques are urgently required for investigations on the substructures and biological functions of bones. Our results firstly revealed that our prepared SWIR QDs acted as a bone-specific image contrast to achieve real-time imaging of bone structures both in vivo and ex vivo. The major bone structures of both Balb/C nude mouse and Balb/C mouse including the skull, spine, pelvis, limbs and the sternum could be rapidly and gradually identified via blood circulation after QDs injection in vivo. More importantly, the binding capability of our QDs mainly depend on the biological activities of bone tissues, suggesting our technique was suitable for in vivo live imaging. Additionally, the cell imaging results suggested that the potential mechanism of our bone imaging could be ascribed to the highly specific interaction between QDs and MC3T3-E1 cells. In a word, skeletal structures and biological activities of bones are anticipated to be observed and monitored with this QDs-guided SWIR imaging strategy, respectively. This radiation-free QDs-guided SWIR live imaging of bone can put new insights into a comprehensive study of bones in vivo and provide basis for early diagnosis of bone diseases.
Translating Policy Guidelines: A Multiple Case Study of Disease Prevention in Sweden
Authors: Elg Mattias , Wihlborg Elin
Published: August 2020

Background

There is a growing need to establish new knowledge on healthcare policy implementation that is relevant for both research and practice. Many attempts fail to deliver implemented policy initiates effectively because of the lack of coordination between system levels and different actors own agendas. The aim of this paper is to propose and illustrate an analytical framework providing a multilevel and multi-actor perspective in order to uncover combined difficulties of policy implementation within the context of a public healthcare system.
Methods

A multiple case study approach for the implementation of disease prevention in four Swedish healthcare regions was used. The selection of cases – regions within Sweden – was made in order to reflect a broad variety of contextual factors that may influence the policy implementation effectiveness. Interviewees consisted of a strategic sample of respondents representing different system levels and logics from each region. The qualitative analysis was based on empirically identified translation strategies by building a logical chain of evidence of the whole implementation process.
Results

The translation of policy guidelines was theorized and empirically investigated as chains of steps from the evidence-based policy formulated in the national guidelines for disease prevention methods via regional administrative systems into clinical practices. The following thematic areas were investigated: the successive translation of the policy object, consequences of policy reprioritizations, the role of technology in translation and the embedding of policy in clinical practice.
Conclusions

In successful implementation chains, guidelines are translated by being received and transferred to healthcare administrative systems through various political administrative activities and are then realised in everyday clinical practice. Policy is translated into different parts of the systems successively within the context of a multi-actor, multi-logic framework. Each actor/logic may take on the policy idea, change the route, delay it or even cancel out efforts. Earlier steps in the policy translation chain thus have consequences for later activities.
Predicting Bovine Respiratory Disease Outcome Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Blakebrough-Hall C. , Hick P. , González L.A.
Published: August 2020

BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant disease affecting feedlot cattle. Indicators of BRD often used in feedlots such as visual signs, rectal temperature, computer-assisted lung auscultation (CALA) score, the number of BRD treatments, presence of viral pathogens, viral seroconversion and lung damage at slaughter vary in their ability to predict an animal’s BRD outcome, and no studies have been published determining how a combination of these BRD indicators may define the number of BRD disease outcome groups. The objectives of the current study were 1) to identify BRD outcome groups using BRD indicators collected during the feeding phase and at slaughter through latent class analysis, and 2) to determine the importance of these BRD indicators to predict disease outcome. Animals with BRD (n=127) were identified by visual signs and removed from production pens for further examination. Control animals displaying no visual signs of BRD (n=143) were also removed and examined. Blood, nasal swab samples and clinical measurements were collected. Lung and pleural lesions indicative of BRD were scored at slaughter. Latent class analysis was applied to identify possible outcome groups. Results Three latent classes were identified in the best model fit, categorized as non-BRD, mild BRD and severe BRD. Animals in the mild BRD group had a higher probability of visual signs of BRD compared to animals with severe BRD. Animals in the severe BRD group were more likely to require more than one treatment for BRD and have ≥ 40oC rectal temperature, ≥ 10% total lung consolidation and severe pleural lesions at slaughter. Animals in the severe BRD group were also more likely to be naïve at feedlot entry and first BRD pull and have a positive nasal swab result for some BRD viruses. Lower overall ADG (average daily gain) was also associated with severe BRD (P < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrate that there are important indicators of BRD severity. Using this information to predict an animal’s BRD outcome would greatly enhance treatment efficacy and aid in better management of animals at risk of suffering from severe BRD.
Ações de intervenção em saúde bucal na APAE do município de Imperatriz, Brasil
Authors: Melo Conceição de Maria Aguiar Costa , Silva David Wilkerson Dos Santos
Published: August 2020

A busca pela promoção e reabilitação da saúde bucal é o termo utilizado para referir ao processo de conscientização. Visando este conceito, foi almejado contribuir para a inserção desta mentalidade nos usuários da APAE – Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, com a intenção de intervir e atuar na melhoria de saúde e, consequentemente, na qualidade de vida dos membros. Dentro desta realidade, foi proposto o presente trabalho, apresentando e incluindo uma proposta prática com o intuito de agregar e consciencializar aos responsáveis pelos usuários da associação, por meio de atos voluntários de acadêmicos de Odontologia da Faculdade Pitágoras de Imperatriz, estado do Maranhão, Brasil1-4.Descritores: Prevenção Controle; Higiene Bucal; Saúde Bucal; Qualidade de Vida.ReferênciasMugayar LRF. Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais: manual de Odontologia e saúde oral. São Paulo: Pancast; 2000.Tanaca F, Maciel SM, Sonohara MK. Comportamento dos pais e condições de saúde bucal em crianças especiais - saúde bucal de crianças especiais. JBP Rev Ibero-Am Odontopediatr Odontol Bebê. 2005;8(45):342-48.Firoozmand LM, Vargas RPS, Rocha JC. Prevalência de fratura dentária em pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2007;7(2):149-53.Petry PC, Victora CG, Santos IS. Adultos livres de cáries: estudo de casos e controles sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas preventivas. Cad Saúde Pública. 2000;16(1):145-53.
Lipoma intraoral atípico: relato de caso
Authors: Abrahim Naíza Menezes Medeiros , Sombra Gesom Avohai Dias , Silva Jardel dos Santos , Barreiros André Luiz Carvalho , Câmara Jeconias , Fujimoto Luciana Botinelly Mendonça
Published: August 2020

Os lipomas são tumores de tecido mole que raramente acometem a cavidade oral. A lesão apresenta variáveis clínicas e histopatológicas que não alteram seu prognóstico. Apesar de suas características comuns, a lesão pode estabelecer diagnóstico diferencial com outras lesões de tecido mole. O objetivo desse artigo é relatar a apresentação clínica não usual de um lipoma localizado em mucosa jugal com 3cm em sua maior extensão, em paciente do sexo masculino com 56 anos de idade. O plano de tratamento foi a biópsia excisional com excelente prognóstico.Descritores: Boca; Lipoma; Neoplasia Bucais.ReferênciasJuliasse LE, Nonaka CF, Pinto LP, Freitas Rde A, Miguel MC. Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinical and histopathologic study of 41 cases in a Brazilian population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(3):459-65.Naruse T, Yanamoto S, Yamada S, Rokutanda S, Kawakita A, Takahashi H et al. Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 24 cases and review of the literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(Suppl 1):67-73.Manor E, Sion-Vardy N, Joshua BZ, Bodner L. Oral lipoma: analysis of 58 new cases and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2011;15(4):257-61.Avelar LR, Carvalho RWF, Falcão PGCB, Antunes AA, Andrade ESS et al. Lipomas da Região Oral e Maxilofacial: Estudo Retrospectivo de 16 Anos no Brasil. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac 2008;49(4):207-11.Said-Al-Naief N, Zahurullah FR, Sciubba JJ. Oral spindle cell lipoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2001;5(4):207-15.Egido-Moreno S, Lozano-Porras AB, Mishra S, Allegue-Allegue M, Marí-Roig A, López-López J. Intraoral lipomas: Review of literature and report of two clinical cases. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(5):e597-603. A RK, N PN, Y S, A VK, D KK. Intraoral lipoma: a rare case report and review of literature. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):3090-91.Raj M, Ramadoss T, Anuradha G, Devi S. Intraoral lipoma: review of literature and case report. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2012; 24(1):36-38Carvalho MF, Junqueira TP, Souza RR, Capistrano HM, Chaves MGAM.The importance of early diagnosis of large lipomas in the maxillofacial region. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2011;48(1):77-83Noro Filho GA, Caputo BV, Santos CC, Souza RS, Giovani EM, Scabar LF et al. Diagnosis and treatment of intraoral lipoma: a case report. J Health Sci Inst. 2010;28(2):129-31.
Character investigation and homology, with a brief discussion on the phylogenetic relationships of Annelida and Polychaeta within Metazoa
Authors: De Assis José Eriberto , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey
Published: August 2020

The intense production of information demands coherent treatment of available bodies of theoretical knowledge. A critical revision of methods in use within research programs is essential to maintain an adequate ontology and to guarantee the particular epistemological position required by each research area. The theory of Phylogenetic Systematics was developed in multiple forms, resulting in hypotheses that may be widely incongruent. This reflects the crisis of present paradigm, and illustrates failures in present phylogenetic thinking. The aim of the study is to discuss characters and homology hypotheses based on Hennigian principles. We present samples from the most unresolved groups within the evolutionary history of the Metazoa: Annelida and Polychaeta. The main phylogenetic proposals appearing in the history of the Annelida, from morphological (living and fossilized organisms) to molecular approaches are discussed. We do not consider annelids and polychaetes to be monophyletic entities. Both taxa need more detailed comparisons with others groups, such as deuterostomes. According to our published opinions, Annelida and Polychaeta are placed at the base of the deuterostomes, and these worm-like organisms are ultimately the ancestors of the Enterocoela. Thus, in order to systematize the Metameria, we have regarded Annelida, Pleistoannelida, Lophotrochozoa and Protostomia as being paraphyletic taxa.
Indane-1,3-diones: As Potential and Selective α-glucosidase Inhibitors, their Synthesis, in vitro and in silico Studies
Authors: Mukhtar Asma , Shah Shazia , Kanwal  , Hameed Shehryar , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Khan Shahid Ullah , Zaib Sumera , Iqbal Jamshed , Perveen Shahnaz
Published: August 2020

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic metabolic disorders. Since
past few years, our research group had synthesized and evaluated libraries of heterocyclic compounds
against α and β-glucosidase enzymes and found encouraging results. The current study
comprises of evaluation of indane-1,3-dione as antidiabetic agents based on our previously reported
results obtained from closely related moiety isatin and its derivatives.

Objective:

A library of twenty three indane-1,3-dione derivatives (1-23) was synthesized and evaluated
for α and β-glucosidase inhibitions. Moreover, in silico docking studies were carried out to investigate
the putative binding mode of selected compounds with the target enzyme.

Methods:

The indane-1,3-dione derivatives (1-23) were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation
of different substituted benzaldehydes with indane-1,3-dione under basic condition. The structures
of synthetic molecules were deduced by using different spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-,
13C-NMR, EI-MS, and CHN analysis. Compounds (1-23) were evaluated for α and β-glucosidase
inhibitions by adopting the literature protocols.

Result:

Off twenty three, eleven compounds displayed good to moderate activity against α-
glucosidase enzyme, nonetheless, all compounds exhibited less than 50% inhibition against β-
glucosidase enzyme. Compounds 1, 14, and 23 displayed good activity against α-glucosidase enzyme
with IC50 values of 2.80 ± 0.11, 0.76 ± 0.01, and 2.17 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. The results
have shown that these compounds have selectively inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme. The in
silico docking studies also supported the above results and showed different types of interactions of
synthetic molecules with the active site of enzyme.

Conclusion:

The compounds 1, 14, and 23 have shown good inhibition against α-glucosidase and
may potentially serve as lead for the development of new therapeutic representatives.
Development and Optimization of Sustained Release Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Loaded Nanoemulsion for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: A 32 Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Pardeshi Sagar R. , Mistari Harshal A. , Jain Rakhi S. , Pardeshi Pankaj R. , Rajput Rahul L. , Mahajan Dhiraj S. , Shirsath Nitin R.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Moxifloxacin is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
and keratitis. Despite its high water solubility, it possesses limited bioavailability due to anatomical
and physiological constraints associated with the eyes, which require multiple administrations
to achieve a therapeutic effect.

Objective:

In order to prolong drug release and to improve antibacterial efficacy for the treatment of
bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis, moxifloxacin-loaded nanoemulsion was developed.

Methods:

The concentration of oil (oleic acid), a surfactant (tween 80), and a cosurfactant (propylene
glycol) were optimized by employing a 3-level 2-factorial design of the experiment for the development
of nanoemulsion. The developed nanoemulsion was characterized by particle size distribution,
viscosity, refractive index, pH, drug content and release, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),
and antibacterial study. The compatibility of the drug with the excipients was accessed by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Result:

The average globule size was found to be 198.20 nm. The TEM study revealed that the globules
were nearly spherical and well-distributed. In vitro drug release profile of the nanoemulsion
showed a sustained drug release (60.12% at the end of 6 h) compared to drug solution, with complete
drug released within 2 h. The antibacterial effectiveness of the drug-loaded nanoemulsion improved
against S. aureus compared with the marketed formulation.

Conclusion:

The formulated sustained-release nanoemulsion could be a promising alternative to eye
drops with improved patient compliance by minimizing dosing frequency with improved antibacterial
activity.
CDI Cross-linked Nanosponges of Citronella Oil for Controlled Mosquito-repellent Activity
Authors: Dubey Pooja , Shende Pravin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Citronella oil is considered one of the effective mosquito-
repellent oil and in cooperation of oil into nanosponges will help to prevent its
evaporation and enhance its effect.

Objective:

The objective of the current research was to formulate and characterize
CDI cross-linked nanosponges of citronella oil for controlled mosquito-repellent
activity.

Method:

β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges were prepared by polymer condensation
method and encapsulated with citronella oil by the sonication method. A
topical cream containing citronella oil-based nanosponges was formulated by the
phase inversion temperature method. Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation
efficiency, stability, in vitro release, FTIR and DSC studies were used as characterization
parameters.

Results:

The particle size of citronella oil encapsulated β-cyclodextrin-based
nanosponges was 23.05±3.88 nm. The zeta potential of nanosponges was sufficiently
high to prevent aggregation. In vitro studies revealed the controlled release
of citronella oil from the nanosponges for 24 h. FTIR and DSC confirmed
the interaction of the citronella oil with the nanosponges.

Conclusion:

Citronella oil encapsulated nanosponges in the topical formulation
is an alternative to synthetic marketed creams for controlled mosquito-repellent
activity.
Intrusion Detection System for Malicious Traffic Using Evolutionary Search Algorithm
Authors: Al-Saqqa Samar , Al-Fayoumi Mustafa , Qasaimeh Malik
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Intrusion detection systems play a key role in system security by identifying potential attacks and
giving appropriate responses. As new attacks are always emerging, intrusion detection systems must adapt to these
attacks, and more work is continuously needed to develop and propose new methods and techniques that can improve
efficient and effective adaptive intrusion systems. Feature selection is one of the challenging areas that need more work
because of its importance and impact on the performance of intrusion detection systems. This paper applies evolutionary
search algorithm in feature subset selection for intrusion detection systems.

Methods:

The evolutionary search algorithm for the feature subset selection is applied and two classifiers are used, Naïve
Bayes and decision tree J48, to evaluate system performance before and after features selection. NSL-KDD dataset and its
subsets are used in all evaluation experiments.

Results:

The results show that feature selection using the evolutionary search algorithm enhances the intrusion detection
system with respect to detection accuracy and detection of unknown attacks. Furthermore, time performance is achieved
by reducing training time, which is reflected positively in overall system performance.

Discussion:

The evolutionary search applied to select IDS algorithm features can be developed by
modifying and enhancing mutation and crossover operators and applying new enhanced techniques
in the selection process, which can give better results and enhance the performance of intrusion detection
for rare and complicated attacks.

Conclusion:

The evolutionary search algorithm is applied to find the best subset of features for the
intrusion detection system. In conclusion, it is a promising approach to be used as a feature selection
method for intrusion detection. The results showed better performance for the intrusion detection
system in terms of accuracy and detection rate.
Virtual Screening of Potential Therapeutic Inhibitors Against Spike, Helicase, and Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Tazeen Ayesha , Deeba Farah , Alam Aftab , Ali Rafat , Ishrat Romana , Ahmed Anwar , Ali Sher , Parveen Shama
Published: August 2020

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected
around 13 million people and has caused more than 5.7 lakh deaths worldwide since December 2019. In
the absence of FDA approved drugs for its treatment, only symptomatic management is done.

Methods:

We attempted to uncover potential therapeutic targets of spike, helicase, and RNA dependent
RNA polymerase (RdRp) proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 employing a computational approach. The PDB
structure of spike and RdRp and predicted structure of helicase proteins were docked with 100 approved
anti-viral drugs, natural compounds, and some other chemical compounds.

Results:

The anti-SARS ligands EK1 and CID 23631927, and NCGC00029283 are potential entry inhibitors
as they showed affinity with immunogenic Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein.
This RBD interacts with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2) receptor, facilitating the entry of
virion in the host cells. The FDA approved drugs, including Nelfinavir, Saquinavir, Tipranavir, Setrobuvir,
Indinavir, and Atazanavir, showed potential inhibitory activity against targeted domains and thus,
may act as entry or replication inhibitor or both. Furthermore, several anti-HCoV natural compounds,
including Amentoflavone, Rutin, and Tannin, are also potential entry and replication inhibitors as they
showed affinity with RBD, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, and the catalytic domain
of the respective protein. Dithymoquinone showed significant inhibitory potential against the fusion
peptide of S2 domain. Importantly, Tannin, Dithymoquinone, and Rutin can be extracted from Nigella
sativa seeds and thus, may prove to be one of the most potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Conclusion:

Several potential ligands were identified with already known anti-HCoVs activities. Furthermore,
as this study showed that some of the ligands acted as both entry and replication inhibitors
against SARS-CoV-2, it is envisaged that a combination of either inhibitor with a dual mode of action
would prove to be a much desired therapeutic option against this viral infection.
Penanganan Masalah Lingkungan di SD Negeri Caturtunggal 7
Authors: Riyanto Yuni , Pratama Muhamad Tegar , Griapon Elisabet
Published: August 2020

AbstrakSDN Caturtunggal 7 merupakan sekolah negeri yang beralamat di Jl. Gambir No. 6 B Karangasem Baru, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, DIY. Sekolah ini berada di suatu kompleks yang letaknya cukup jauh dari jalan utama. Lingkungan sekolah ini berbatasan langsung dengan pemukiman warga tanpa adanya pagar. Aktivitas warga juga sering terlihat di dalam sekolah ini. Selain itu, di dalam sekolah juga terdapat berbagai permasalahan lingkungan yang sering dikeluhkan seperti belum tepatnya pemilahan sampah, siswa sering buang sampah sembarangan, penataan ruang parkir yang belum rapi, kurangnya kesadaran siswa untuk menjaga kebersihan kamar mandi, dsb. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk menerapkan dan menyebarluaskan solusi masalah lingkungan yang ada di sekolah tersebut. Solusi yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini antara lain : (1) sosialisasi mengenai cara pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah, (2) penanaman tanaman di lahan kosong, (3) pembuatan vertical garden, (4) penerapan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS) dengan memberikan perlengkapan berupa sabun dan lap, (5) pemberian slogan ajakan untuk membuang sampah pada tempatnya, menghemat air, dan cuci tangan pakai sabun. Setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dan evaluasi sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa  permasalahan lingkungan jika ditangani secara tepat akan menghasilkan suatu karya dan inovasi yang solutif bagi masyarakat. Kata kunci: sosialisasi, masalah, lingkungan, vertical garden, cuci tangan. Handling Environmental Problems in Caturtunggal 7 Elementary School AbstractSDN Caturtunggal 7 is a public school that is located at Jl. Gambir No. 6 B Karangasem Baru, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, DIY. This school is located in a complex that is located quite far from the main road. The environment of this school is directly adjacent to people's housing without a fence. Citizen activities are also often seen in this school. In addition, in the school there are also various environmental problems that are often complained of such as not precisely sorting waste, students often dispose of litter, arrangement of parking spaces that are not neat, lack of student awareness to maintain the cleanliness of the bathroom, etc. The purpose of this activity is to implement and disseminate solutions to environmental problems that exist in the school. The solutions used in this activity include: (1) dissemination of how to sort and process waste, (2) planting plants on vacant land, (3) making vertical gardens, (4) applying Hand Washing with Soap (CTPS) by providing equipment in the form of soap and wipes, (5) giving slogan invitations to dispose of garbage in its place, save water, and wash hands with soap. After the activity is carried out, then analysis and evaluation are carried out so that it can be concluded that environmental problems if handled appropriately will produce a work and innovation that is solutive for the community. Key words: socialization, environment, problems, vertical garden, hand washing.
Диссипация механической энергии в осциллирующем адгезионном контакте между жестким индентором и эластомером
Authors: Ляшенко Я.А. , Попов В.Л.
Published: August 2020

A model of hysteresis in an adhesive contact under oscillating loading is proposed, based on the chemical inhomogeneity of the indenter surface. Results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental data obtained with a setup allowing direct observation of the dynamics of contact area. It is shown that the hysteresis almost disappears if the amplitude of the oscillating load is smaller than a critical value depending on the maximum indentation depth.
Mobile Phone Text Messaging Cross Platform Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening: Changes in Knowledge and Attitude in Rural Areas Pre-Post Intervention
Authors: Argaheni Niken Bayu , Wirakusumah Firman F , Tobing Maringan D.L. , Herman Herry , Sunjaya Deni K. , Hidayat Yudi Mulyana
Published: August 2020

The key to the success of cervical cancer control programs is screening followed by adequate treatment. The socio-economic status gap and the low level of education lead to limited awareness and understanding of women of childbearing age. Increasing the capacity of knowledge of women of childbearing age through health education either directly or indirectly is important. Therefore, there is need to develop health education by utilizing the rapidly growing media today such as through the application of cross platform messages on smartphones. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of health education on detection of cervical cancer through the application of cross-platform messages to increase knowledge and attitude of Women in Childbearing Age. A quasi-experimental research of pre-posttest design with control groups conducted consisting of 72 subjects of Women in Childbearing Age. Fogg's Behavior Model was the conceptual framework that guided the development of the cross-platform messaging intervention. A series of checklist from expert panel conducted to inform the development of the cross-platform messaging intervention. The messages are delivered for a 7-day period in the morning. Data collection using a checklist instrument. Univariable analysis through Rasch and bivariable modeling using numerical categorical comparative test, difference using T test. Findings revealed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge and attitude of cervical cancer screening. Women of Childbearing Age whose health education through cross-platform application has a 3.5 times probability of knowledge and good attitude compared to women of childbearing age who are not getting health education through cross-platform applications. Health education through cross-platform messaging services can be a cheap and effective method to improve the knowledge and attitude of women of childbearing age, as well as reaching individuals who have never done early detection of cervical cancer.
Estimación del potencial de producción de bioetanol para los residuos de la corteza del cacao en Ecuador
Authors: Sigüencia Avila Jorge Marcelo , Delgado Noboa Jorge Washington , Posso Rivera Fausto René , Sánchez Quezada Johanna Patricia
Published: August 2020

En el presente estudio se estima el potencial de producción de bioetanol en Ecuador, teóricamente obtenible a partir del aprovechamiento de residuos de cacao; para esto, se formuló un modelo matemático de la hidrólisis ácida en la celulosa de la corteza del cacao y su conversión a etanol por fermentación. Metodológicamente, el estudio se apoya en documentación oficial sobre la cantidad de biomasa residual de este cultivo nacional y provincial, y en un modelo cinético adaptado al caso en estudio. Se obtuvo 8,28 Mml de bioetanol, de cuya mezcla con gasolina extra, en una proporción 5:95 v/v, resulta la gasolina Ecopaís E5C. Se estimó una producción de 166 Mml de E5C, correspondiente al 10 % de la producción nacional para el año 2017 y 56 % de la producción para el año 2014, año en el que se estimó la biomasa residual de cacao. Asimismo, la región Costa aporta el 71 % de la producción nacional de bioetanol y de E5C, liderado por la provincia de Guayas, en la cual la gasolina E5 representa el 25 % de su consumo en 2017. Se concluye que esta ruta de producción de bioetanol es una opción atractiva de diversificación respecto al cultivo de la caña de azúcar, y agrega valor a una biomasa residual desechada actualmente. Los resultados teóricos constituyen la base para estudios más detallados en provincias que combinan un alto potencial de residuos del cacao y un consumo creciente de E5C, pero deben complementarse con investigaciones de corte experimental para corroborar su validez y aportar elementos que determinen la viabilidad de la ruta de producción de bioetanol estudiada.
How the Integration of Telehealth and Coordinated Care Approaches Impact Health Care Service Organization Structure and Ethos: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Davidson Rosemary , Barrett David Ian , Rixon Lorna , Newman Stanton ,   ACT Program
Published: August 2020

Background

Coordinated care and telehealth services have the potential to deliver quality care to chronically ill patients. They can both reduce the economic burden of chronic care and maximize the delivery of clinical services. Such services require new behaviors, routines, and ways of working to improve health outcomes, administrative efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and user (patient and health professional) experience.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess how health care organization setup influences the perceptions and experience of service managers and frontline staff during the development and deployment of integrated care with and without telehealth.

Methods

As part of a multinational project exploring the use of coordinated care and telehealth, questionnaires were sent to service managers and frontline practitioners. These questionnaires gathered quantitative and qualitative data related to organizational issues in the implementation of coordinated care and telehealth. Three analytical stages were followed: (1) preliminary analysis for a direct comparison of the responses of service managers and frontline staff to a range of organizational issues, (2) secondary analysis to establish statistically significant relationships between baseline and follow-up questionnaires, and (3) thematic analysis of free-text responses of service managers and frontline staff.

Results

Both frontline practitioners and managers highlighted that training, tailored to the needs of different professional groups and staff grades, was a crucial element in the successful implementation of new services. Frontline staff were markedly less positive than managers in their views regarding the responsiveness of their organization and the pace of change.

Conclusions

The data provide evidence that the setup of health care services is positively associated with outcomes in several areas, particularly tailored staff training, rewards for good service, staff satisfaction, and patient involvement.
Adding perphenazine to increase effectiveness of standard glioblastoma chemoirradiation. (Preprint)
Authors: Kast Richard
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

In the effort to improve treatment effectiveness in glioblastoma, this short note reviewed collected data on the pathophysiology of glioblastoma with particular reference to intersections with the pharmacology of perphenazine. That study identified five areas of potentially beneficial intersection. Data showed seemingly 5 independent perphenazine attributes of benefit to glioblastoma treatment - i) blocking dopamine receptor 2, ii) reducing centrifugal migration of subventricular zone cells by blocking dopamine receptor 3, iii) blocking serotonin receptor 7, iv) activation of protein phosphatase 2, and v) nausea reduction. Perphenazine is fully compatible with current chemoirradiation protocols and with the commonly used ancillary medicines used in clinical practice during the course of glioblastoma. All these attributes argue for a trial of perphenazine’s addition to current standard treatment with temozolomide and irradiation. The subventricular zone seeds the brain with mutated cells that become recurrent glioblastoma after centrifugal migration. The current paper shows how perphenazine might reduce that contribution. Perphenazine is an old, generic, cheap, phenothiazine antipsychotic drug that has been in continuous clinical use worldwide since the 1950’s. Clinical experience and research data over these decades have shown perphenazine to be well-tolerated in psychiatric populations, in normals, and in non-psychiatric, medically ill populations for whom perphenazine is used to reduce nausea. For now (Summer, 2020) the nature of glioblastoma requires a polypharmacy approach until/unless a core feature and means to address it can be identified in the future. Conclusions: Perphenazine possesses a remarkable constellation of attributes that recommend its use in GB treatment.
A systematic review of the Effect of Diclofenac Exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus
Objective: To perform a systematic review on the effect of Diclofenac exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus.
Introduction: Diclofenac is a Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from non-steroidal phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac is a benzene acetic acid derivative used to treat the pain and swelling associated with rheumatic disorders since 1974. It is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the world. A few reports have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exerted embryo toxicity and teratogenicity among experimental animals but there is no clear evidence of the effect in (Preprint)
Authors: Beyene Tilahun
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Diclofenac is a Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from non-steroidal phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac is a benzene acetic acid derivative used to treat the pain and swelling associated with rheumatic disorders since 1974. It is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the world. A few reports have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exerted embryo toxicity and teratogenicity among experimental animals but there is no clear evidence of the effect in humans.

OBJECTIVE

To perform a systematic review on the effect of Diclofenac exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus.

METHODS

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic review of effectiveness evidence. A three-step search strategy used in this review. Databases searched included Pub Med, Medline Scopus, Embase, cinihal, Google, different Universities repositories and Google scholar. Titles and abstracts were then screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Eligible studies were critically appraised by two independent reviewers at the study level. Appraisal was occurred at the outcome level for methodological quality in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for observational studies. The data extracted from the studies include specific details about the populations, study methods, interventions, and outcomes of significance to the review objective indicate the specific details. Statistical pooling was not possible due to outcome and nature of data. So, that the findings were presented in narrative form.

RESULTS

Three relevant articles (two cohort and a nested case control studies) were identified with a total of 1,490,679 participants. Diclofenac exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight on fetus, increased risk of spontaneous abortion and increased risk of maternal vaginal bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS

Exposures to Diclofenac during pregnancy have adverse embryonic and maternal effect. So pregnant women taking Diclofenac may affect mother and fetus and additional primary RCTs are needed.