bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development
Authors: Chamovitz Daniel A. , Yang Zhenbiao
Published: March 2022

This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome.  The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.
Role of GOBLET and Auxin in Controlling Organ Development and Patterning
Authors: Ori Naomi , Estelle Mark
Published: March 2022

The size and shape of plant leaves are extremely diverse within and among species, and are also sensitive to growth conditions. Compound leaves, such as those of tomato, maintain morphogenetic activity during early stages of their development, enabling them to elaborate lateral appendages such as leaflets. The aim of the research project was to understand the interaction between the plant hormone auxin, the putative auxin response inhibitor ENTIRE (E, SlIAA9) and the NAM/CUC transcription factor GOBLET (GOB) in compound-leaf development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The specific aims of the project were: 1. Investigation of the role of GOB in compound-leaf development. 2. Characterization of E function in auxin signaling. 3. Characterization of the role of auxin in compound-leaf development. 4. Investigation of the genetic and molecular interaction between E and GOB. 5. Investigate the role of these factors in fruit development. There were no major changes in these objectives. GOB was shown to mark and promote the boundaries between the leaf and initiating leaflets. Its accurate distribution was found to be required for proper leaflet initiation and separation. E was found to interact with the TIR1 and AFB6 proteins in an auxin-dependant manner, indicating that these are functional auxin receptors that mediate E degradation in the presence of auxin. This was further supported by the stabilization of E by a mutation in domain II of the protein, which is thought to mediate its auxin-dependant degradation. Over expression of this stabilized form in tomato leaves and characterization of the e mutant phenotype and the E expression domain indicated that E acts between initiating leaflets to inhibit auxin response and lamina growth. Generation and analysis of tomato plants expressing the auxin response reporter DR5::VENUS, and analysis of the effect of auxin microapplication or overexpression of an auxin biosynthesis gene, indicated that auxin marks the sites of leaflet initiation and promotes lamina growth. Investigation of the molecular and genetic interaction between auxin, GOB and E revealed a complex network of mutual regulation that is utilized to precisely pattern the leaf margin in a manner that enables the combination of tight control and flexibility. E, auxin and GOB were shown to affect fruit development and fruit set, and in an extension of the project are currently utilized to identify new players that affect these processes. The research project yielded enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of compound leaf patterning and provided tools that will enable the manipulation of leaf shape and fruit set.
The Role of Cysteine Partitioning into Glutathione and Methionine Synthesis During Normal and Stress Conditions
Authors: Amir Rachel , Oliver David J. , Galili Gad , Shanks Jacline V.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this research is to study the nature of the competition for cysteine (Cys), the first organic sulfur-containing compound, between its two main metabolites, glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). GSH plays a central role in protecting plants during various stresses, while Met, an essential amino acid, regulates essential processes and metabolites in plant cells through its metabolite S-adenosyl-Met. Our results, which are based on flux analysis and measurements of Met- metabolites, show that the flux towards Met synthesis is high during non-stress conditions, however the flux is significantly reduced under stress conditions, when there is high synthesis of GSH. Under oxidative stress the expression level of the regulatory enzyme of Met synthesis, cystathionine g-synthase (CGS) was reduced. By using three different systems, we have found that that GSH down regulates the expression level of CGS, thus reducing Met synthesis. We have found that this regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level, and further studies have shown that it occurs at post-translationaly. To reveal how oxidative stress affects the flux towards Met and GSH, flux analysis was performed. We have found that the level of Met is significantly reduced, while the level of glutathione significantly increases during stress. Under stress conditions most of the glutathione is converted from GSH to GSSG (the oxidised form of glutathione). These results suggest that under normal growth conditions, Cys is channelled towards both pathways to support GSH accumulation and the synthesis of growth-essential Met metabolites. However, during oxidative stress, when a high level of GSH is required to protect the plants, the levels of GSH increase while those of CGS are reduced. This reduction leaves more Cys available for GSH synthesis under stress conditions. In addition we have also studied the effects of high GSH level on the transcriptome profile. The analysis revealed that GSH affects the expression level of many major genes coding to enzymes or proteins associated with photosynthesis, starch degradation, hormone metabolism (especially genes associated with jasmonate), biotic stress (especially genes associated with PR-proteins), cytochrome P450 genes, regulation of transcription and signaling (especially genes associated with receptor kinases and calcium). These results suggest that indeed GSH levels affect different pathways and metabolites in plants.
Scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers under normal and adverse environmental conditions
Authors: Pichersky Eran , Vainstein Alexander , Dudareva Natalia
Published: March 2022

The ability of flowering plants to prosper throughout evolution, and for many crop plants to set fruit, is strongly dependent on their ability to attract pollinators. To that end many plants synthesize a spectrum of volatile compounds in their flowers. Scent is a highly dynamic trait that is strongly influenced by the environment. However, with high temperature conditions becoming more common, the molecular interplay between this type of stress and scent biosynthesis need to be investigated.   Using petunia as a model system, our project had three objectives: (1) Determine the expression patterns of genes encoding biosynthetic scent genes (BSGs) and of several genes previously identified as encoding transcription factors involved in scent regulation under normal and elevated temperature conditions. (2) Examine the function of petunia transcription factors and a heterologous transcription factor, PAPl, in regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid/benzenoid scent pathway. (3) Study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by several petunia transcription factors and PAPl of scent genes under normal and elevated temperature conditions by examining the interactions between these transcription factors and the promoters of target genes.   Our work accomplished the first two goals but was unable to complete the third goal because of lack of time and resources. Our general finding was that when plants grew at higher temperatures (28C day/22C night, vs. 22C/16C), their scent emission decreased in general, with the exception of a few volatiles such as vanillin. To understand why, we looked at gene transcription levels, and saw that generally there was a good correlation between levels of transcriptions of gene specifying enzymes for specific scent compounds and levels of emission of the corresponding scent compounds. Enzyme activity levels, however, showed little difference between plants growing at different temperature regimes.   Plants expressing the heterologous gene PAPl showed general increase in scent emission in control temperature conditions but emission decreased at the higher temperature conditions, as seen for control plants. Finally, expression of several transcription factor genes decreased at high temperature, but expression of new transcription factor, EOB-V, increased, implicating it in the decrease of transcription of BSGs.   The major conclusion of this work is that high temperature conditions negatively affect scent emission from plants, but that some genetic engineering approaches could ameliorate this problem.
TEKNIK TECHNOLOGY OF PARTICIPATION (TOP) DALAM PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT DESA
Authors: Ramdani Jaka
Published: March 2022

Pembangunan masyarakat pada tingkat desa saat ini sedang digencarkan melalui berbagai program penanganan kemiskinan seperti dibidang infrastruktur, bidang perekonomian,  kesehatan, sosial, dan bidang pendidikan masyarakat. Desa Munjul Kecamatan Cilaku Kabupaten Cianjur menjadi salah satu wilayah  yang sedang melakukan pembangunan tersebut, akan tetapi belum dirasakan dampaknya bagi masyarakat setempat. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menerapkan Technology of participation (TOP) dalam suatu pembangunan
masyarakat di Desa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan (Action Research) dengan model Kemmis, S., & Taggart, M yaitu berbentuk spiral dari siklus satu ke siklus lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan capaian langkah-langkah penerapan Technology of  participation (TOP) yaitu Perumusan Nama Kegiatan (diperoleh kesepakatan bersama untuk
dapat membantu Keluarga miskin dari segi pemberdayaan), Perumusan Tujuan Kegiatan (terbentuknya wadah usaha dan keluarga miskin dapat berdaya mengelola potensi lokal di ingkungannya sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya serta membangun rasa kebersamaan dan kerjasama antarwarga yang tergabung dalam kelompok), Sistem yang terlibat (Inisiator system, change agent system, client system, support system, controlling system, implementing system, target system, action system), Kesiapan sistem untuk bekerja (keinginan
warga yang kuat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan penghasilan Keluarga miskin dengan menciptakan keterampilan masyarakat dan juga penguatan yang dapat dimanfaatkan), dan Identifikasi kebijakan (mengumpulkan informasi kebijakan atau program yang ada di wilayah setempat)
KAJIAN GENDER: STEROTIPE PADA ANAK DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Putra Ari , Junaidi Febi , Fitri Yosi
Published: March 2022

Keluarga merupakan lembaga pendidikan pertama terjadinya proses transfer of knowledge. Pembelajaran yang diterima didalam rumah adalah pembentukan sikap dan penguatan karakter. Krisis percaya diri mulai memasuki setiap dimensi kehidupan manusia. Permasalahan tersebut bisa berupa, ketidakadilan baik dalam pembagian peranan dirumah,
pembatasan dalam menentukan pilihan, ikut campur orang tua dalam menentukkan rekan
bermain bahkan sampai kepada pelabelan yang mengakibatkan hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi misalnya, perundungan akibat pelabelan tersebut. Pelabelan yang dilakukan awalnya
adalah untuk menjadikan seseorang sebagai sasaran gurauan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif masyarakat mengenai gender dan bentuk pelabelan negative terhadap anak didalam keluarga. Pelabelan tersebut dapat berbentuk perbedaan peranan, aturan dalam melakukan kegiatan, media bermain, teman bermain yang diberikan kepada anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan berupa kuisioner yang diberikan kepada keluarga pada salah satu kelurahan yang ada di Kota Bandung. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa masih terjadi
tindakan atas ketidakadilan gender berupa pelabelan dan pembeda-bedaan tugas dan fungsi laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap anak didalam keluarga. Perolehan skor 40,33% pada rentang penilaian skala 37-52 masuk dalam kategori kurang baik. Dari hasil analisis data
deskriptif merepresentasikan bahwa perlakuan gender yang didapatkan anak adalah perlakuan yang terlihat sederhana tetapi dapat berdampak buruk dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian mengenai persepsi gender dan representasi pelabelan terhadap anak laki-laki dan
perempuan membentuk istilah yaitu ketidakadilan gender yang dapat merugikan laki-laki dan perempuan dimasa depan.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN HOMESCHOOLING DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR ANAK PADA PKBM AL JAUHAR
Authors: Khairunnisa Arin , Kessi Mastur Toyib
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang efektivitas model pembelajaran homeschooling dalam mengembangkan kemandirian belajar anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh
gambaran tentang efektivitas model pembelajaran homeschooling dalam mengembangkan kemandirian belajar anak. Manfaat Penelitian sebagai sumbangan ilmiah terhadap pengembangan ilmu dalam pendidikan non-formal khususnya dalam teori tentang
homeschooling dan kemandirian serta memberikan sumbangan terhadap teori model pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan wawancara, observasi non-partisipatif, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Sedangkan instrumen
penelitian menggunakan pedoman wawancara, pedomen observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan mengacu konsep dari Hubberman dan Miles yaitu aktivitas dalam analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara interaktif dan berlangsung secara terusmenerus sampai tuntas hingga
mencapai titik jenuh data. Informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa yang mengikuti homeschooling pada lembaga pendidikan (PKBM Al jauhar) dan lembaga pendidikan PKBM Al jauhar
INTERVENSI KOMUNITAS BERBASIS GREEN SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Ramdani Jaka
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan sosial ekologi di Indonesia membutuhkan perhatian serius bagi seluruh  lapisan masyarakat. Berbagai dampak bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat sudah dirasakan akibat menurunnya kualitas lingkungan. Perilaku menjadi sorotan penting dalam penelitian ini yang dimana melalui perilaku masyarakat akan turut mempengaruhi keadaan lingkungan. Pekerja sosial merupakan profesi yang erat kaitannya dengan pengubahan perilaku agar individu, kelompok, keluarga, dan masyarakat mampu
menolong dirinya sendiri dalam menjalankan keberfungsian sosialnya. Green Social Work menjadi solusi dalam praktik pekerjaan sosial profesional untuk mendorong masyarakat agar ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan (Action Research) dengan model Kemmis, S., & Taggart, M yaitu berbentuk spiral dari siklus satu ke siklus lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pendekatan Green Social Work mampu mengubah pola perilaku masyarakat menjadi ramah lingkungan.
Pendekatan ini juga mendorong profesi dalam bekerjasama antar disiplin ilmu dan profesi untuk bersama dalam mewujudkan masyarakat sejahtera dengan cara melestarikan lingkungan. Intervensi sosial yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan peranan pekerja sosial sebagai fasilitator, edukator, motivator, dan inisiator melalui program kelas motivasi, kampanye sosial, Penyuluhan Pentingnya Pemanfaatan Limbah Melalui Berwirausaha Pupuk Organik, Pembentukan Kelompok Usaha Pupuk Organik, Pelatihan
Pembuatan dan Pengelolaan Pupuk Organik untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, dan pendampingan sosial.
RELEVANSI PROGRAM PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK YANG DILAKUKAN KADER POSYANDU DENGAN MINAT IBU MELAHIRKAN ANAK SECARA MEDIS DI DESA BOJONGRANGKAS KECAMATAN CIAMPEA
Authors: Safitri Ani , Alendra Yusiaka Rahmi , Sumardini Ani
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui program penyuluhan kesehatan ibu dan anak serta minat ibu melahirkan anak secara medis di Desa Bojongrangkas Kecamatan Ciampea. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah Adakah hubungan antara relevansi program penyuluhan kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dilakukan kader Posyandu dengan minat ibu melahirkan anak secara medis di Desa Bojongrangkas Kecamatan Ciampea? .Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat anatara relevansi program penyuluhan kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dilakukan kader posyandu dengan minat ibu melahirkan secara medis di Desa Bojongrangkas Kecamtaan Ciampea, hal ini berdasarkan perolehan data bahwa program penyuluhan kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dilakukan kader posyandu relevensi dengan minat ibu melahirkan secara medis.
Analisis Pengelolaan Organisasi Wisata Rindu Hati Melalui Focus Grup Discussion (FGD)
Authors: Palenti Citra Dwi , Urmila Monica , Gusti Ririn , Jasma Suardi
Published: March 2022

Pengelolaan wisata yang benar dan sesuai dengan standar pengelolaan akan memberikan dampak pada perkembangan wisata menjadi lebih muda dilakukan, pengelola juga memegang peranan penting dalam pengembangan wisata. Tujan penelitian ini memberikan arahkan bagi pengelola untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengelolaan wisata yang baik agar sesuai dengan fungsi-fungsi kinerja masing-masing dengan Fokus Grup Discussion (FGD). Metode penelitian kualiatatif dengan pendekatan deskpritif yang mengambarkan keadaan dengan sebenar-benarnya. Hasil yang didaptkan pengelolaan desa wisata dengan gotong royong dengan saling membantu, saling melengkapi dan tidak terlalu terpaku pada sruktur organisai yang telah ditata, selanjutnya pengelola tidak bekerja sesuai dengan stuktur organisasi tata kelolah desa wisata Rindu Hati dan penempatan para pegurus tidak berdasarkan kemampuan dan kemauan masing-masing
Invasion or Personalization: An Overview on User Attitudes towards the Privacy Issues in Targeted Advertising in NCR and Its Effect in Consumer Purchase Behavior
Authors: Bea Andrea Antonio  , Dela Cruz Kyra Lyn , Aaliyah Isis Jimenez  , Earl Pantoja
Published: March 2022

Targeted advertising is online advertising that focuses on the behavior of the consumer to give them a specific advertisement. Literature on targeted advertising focused mainly on the strategy crossing the personal boundaries of the consumers and how fields of marketing, finance, advertising, etc., are benefitting from the algorithmic profiling of personalized advertising. Findings revealed the negative sides of personalized advertising, such as advertising irritation and negative attitudes towards targeted ads. We argue that the focus is limited; thus, we aim to determine the perception of users towards targeted advertising and utilize it to identify the influence of their perception on their purchasing behavior, examine if there is a correlation between their demographic and their perception of targeted advertising. The study site are respondents who have experience in online shopping residing in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. We were able to gather the data through disseminating Google forms and utilized the purposive sampling technique in segmenting the respondents. In the survey of N=261 respondents, the result reveals that consumers are completely concerned and interested in their personal information online but perceive targeted advertising as personalization, hence, will continue their purchase as it adds ease to their online shopping experience.
Infecciones en úlceras de pie diabético: diagnóstico, microbiológico y tratamiento
Authors: Gómez Lucila , Tejeda Perez Carlos , Palacio Peñaloza Cesar , Tavera Medina Angie , Maldonado Ramírez Nayarith , Bettin Martínez Alfonso , Beltrán Sanchez Carlos
Published: March 2022

Introducción: las infecciones en úlceras de pie diabético son la complicación más frecuente en las personas que padecen diabetes. El diagnóstico clínico y un sistema de clasificación que establezca el estado de la úlcera, son parámetros importantes para evaluar la gravedad de esta entidad.Objetivo: actualizar a la comunidad médica y a los profesionales de la salud, en los protocolos para la clasificación clínico-microbiológico y el tratamiento del paciente con úlceras en pie diabético.Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos desde el año 2012 hasta el año 2020, en la base de datos de PubMed, LILACS y Redalyc, también se utilizaron otras fuentes de información como la Federación Internacional de Diabetes y El Grupo Internacional de Trabajo en Pie Diabético.Resultados: abordar el diagnóstico clínico según criterios IDSA, complementado con uno de los sistemas de clasificación de la úlcera en pie diabético, criterios fundamentales en la planeación de un abordaje terapéutico adecuado. Se requiere hacer un diagnóstico microbiológico, considerando la aparición de cepas resistentes entre los gérmenes más comúnmente aislados, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusión: las clasificaciones de las úlceras de pie diabético permiten estratificar las lesiones y desarrollar un manejo clínico de las mismas, además es importante una buena toma de muestra para identificar el microorganismo prevalente y establecer la mejor antibioticoterapia para impedir la progresión de la infección de las úlceras de pie diabético.
Desirable Non-Technical Skills for Paramedicine: A Delphi Study
Authors: Bennett Ryan , Williams Brett
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Non-technical skills (NTS) are a causative factor in many adverse events in healthcare. Although this is the case, NTS have been explored in the paramedic literature in isolation, with no current list of desirable paramedic NTS within the literature. This study aims to gather consensus opinions on which NTS are considered important for an operational paramedic.

Methods

A modified Delphi technique was utilised to achieve the study aim. Participants were required to rate each NTS on a ten-point Likert scale. For an NTS to reach a consensus, it was required to be rated within two Likert scale points of the mode score by 80% of participants.

Results

There were 17 participants in the Delphi study (n=17). The study ran for a total of three rounds, and 33 of 35 NTS reached consensus. The top five NTS were communication, problem-solving, situational awareness, professionalism, and interpersonal skills. Two NTS did not reach consensus; these were empathy and cognitive offloading. These two did not reach consensus despite being rated six or higher by all participants.

Conclusions

The results of this Delphi study have created the first expert-based list of important NTS for a paramedic. This will have significant implications for the paramedic field as we now have a foundation of which NTS is vital for a paramedic to complete their duties. These results can begin to form the foundation of a future paramedic behavioural marker systems will improve paramedic performance and ultimately lead to improved patient safety.
Estructura y Composición Florística del Bosque de la Planicie de Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela
Authors: Rivera Claudio Enrique , Figueroa Víctor Manuel , Ramírez Maribel del Carmen , Goyes Víctor Julio
Published: March 2022

Para conocer la estructura y la composición florística de las especies leñosas del Jardín Botánico de Maracaibo (JBM) para el año 2019, área de suma importancia para la conservación de especies autóctonas en la región, se determinó el área basal, densidad, frecuencia e índice de valor de importancia (IVI). Se establecieron diez parcelas de 20 m x 50 m, subdivididas en diez subparcelas de 10 m x 10 m, donde se registraron todos los individuos leñosos con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) a partir de 2,5cm. La flora del bosque registró: 50 especies, 42 géneros y 17 familias Dicotiledóneas, representadas por 1 389 individuos por hectárea. Las familias Cactaceae, Capparaceae, Fabaceae y Malvaceae mostraron mayor número de géneros y especies. En cuanto a la estructura del bosque, predominaron dos estratos arbóreos: el primero (<5 m) con 721 individuos (51,91 %) y el segundo (5-13 m) con 663 individuos (47,73 %), y cinco individuos emergentes (>13 m) con (0,36 %). Los individuos con DAP<10 cm representaron el 59,90 % y con DAP≥10 cm el 40,10 %, lo que indica la presencia de un bosque relativamente joven. El área basal es baja, se observaron dos grupos: uno entre 4,71-5,09 m2 y otro entre 2,13 y 3,33 m2. Handroanthus billbergii registró el primer lugar (100 %) entre las cinco especies con mayor IVI, seguida por Pithecelobium ambiguum, Bulnesia arborea y Cnidoscolus urens. Se concluye que el bosque del JBM es heterogéneo en cuanto a riqueza de especies y que el número de especies leñosas está por debajo del promedio para un bosque muy seco tropical (bms-T).
Caracterización y Patología de los Muros de Tierra de las Construcciones Andinas Ecuatorianas
Authors: Lara M. Lenin , Bustamante Rosa
Published: March 2022

A partir del análisis tipológico de las construcciones de adobe, tapial y bahareque de 50 inmuebles situados en las provincias de Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo y Bolívar, se han analizado las lesiones físicas, mecánicas, químico-biológicas y antrópicas producidas por los agentes atmosféricos y por el suelo, que afectan a las edificaciones en tierra cruda del área andina ecuatoriana y posteriormente las características físicas, resistencia mecánica y composición químico-mineralógica. Los resultados determinan que el agua afecta principalmente al 40% de los inmuebles por defectos constructivos, como la falta de sobrecimientos que facilitan las humedades en las partes bajas o de aleros pequeños que no protegen del agua de lluvia deteriorando los recubrimientos de barro, sobre todo de los bahareques y que se acentúa por el emplazamiento aislado de las edificaciones. Además, la dosificación empírica de la tierra utilizada con tamaño máximo de grava de 15-18mm más arenas está en la proporción de menos de 30% y poco más de 70% de arcillas y limos en las muestras de adobe y tapial; proporciones que varían en el bahareque con casi 55% de gravas -arenas y 45% de finos; con resistencias a compresión menores a 3MPa. Se han recogido las especies madereras, cañas y fibras utilizadas en la confección de las armaduras de cubiertas, entramados y mampuestos. La antigüedad de las edificaciones rurales sobrepasa los 50 años y el 82% de las estudiadas se encuentran en estado de abandono.
Elaboración de un instrumento para el registro de pérdidas y daños por desastres en Panamá
Authors: Saavedra Casilda , Montenegro Jenifer , Hernández José
Published: March 2022

Los desastres ocasionan múltiples daños y pérdidas de vidas humanas y económicas, modificando la vida de la población y la actividad económica del área afectada. En Panamá, la población está expuesta a desastres debido a la posición geográfica del país y a mecanismos de planificación de desarrollo escasos e insuficientes. En el período de 1983-2008, se experimentó un total de 32 desastres, provocando pérdidas económicas aproximadamente de 86 millones de dólares y 249 defunciones. El proceso de registro de pérdidas y daños por desastres en Panamá se realiza bajo la coordinación del Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil (SINAPROC), utilizando la plataforma DesInventar. El actual proceso de registro de pérdidas y daños por desastres presenta deficiencias, tanto en el proceso de coordinación interinstitucional para la recolección de información una vez que ocurre un desastre, como en los formatos utilizados para la recolección de dicha información. Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de fortalecer el proceso de registro de pérdidas y daños por desastres en Panamá, incluyendo el registro en la plataforma DesInventar. La metodología empleada se basó en revisión bibliográfica de experiencias exitosas en otros países, además de entrevistas con personal del Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia (COE) y (SINAPROC), para poder realizar un análisis objetivo del proceso empleado en Panamá y confeccionar un instrumento para el proceso de registro de daños y pérdidas por desastres. Como resultado, se propone un nuevo formato para el formulario de Evaluación de Daños y Análisis de Necesidades (EDAN).
Multi-proxy approach for studying the foraging habitat and trophic position of a migratory marine consumer in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Coletto JL , Besser AC , Botta S , Madureira LASP , Newsome SD
Published: March 2022

Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis sustains the largest catches among tuna species. Despite its relevance for global food security and the tuna canning industry, information about its foraging ecology in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) is limited. We combined amino acid (AA) and bulk tissue nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis with stomach content analysis (SCA) to study skipjack foraging habitat and trophic position (TP) in the SWAO. Mean (±SD) δ15N values of source AAs lysine (Lys: 6.5 ± 1.3‰) and phenylalanine (Phe: 10.6 ± 1.3‰) were higher at higher latitudes (30-34°S) of the southern area relative to the northern area between 20-26° S (Lys: 3.4 ± 1.1‰, Phe: 8.2 ± 1.2‰). Correlations between bulk tissue δ15N (δ15Nbulk) and source AA δ15N showed that Lys is a more robust indicator of δ15N baseline variation in this region than Phe. Regional mixing models based on AA δ15N indicated spatial structure in foraging habitat: smaller individuals use the southern area and larger individuals forage at lower latitudes or in offshore areas. TP estimates using the Glx-Lys trophic-source AA pair were in much better agreement with TP estimates based on SCA (TPSCA) and on bulk tissue analysis (TPbulk) than those using Glx-Phe. Skipjack forages across multiple food webs throughout its lifecycle in the SWAO and increases its TP with ontogeny (TPGlx-Lys: 3.5-4.0). Stock management strategies should consider that the southern region supports dense aggregations of juvenile skipjack, which may be more vulnerable to non-selective fisheries.
Same Difference: Identity and Diversity in Linked Open Cultural Data
Authors: Brown Susan
Published: March 2022

Linked Open Data (LOD) was designed to respect heterogeneity in source datasets. However, the fundamental mechanisms of interlinking require sameness without nuance, so Linked Data is at risk of the problems associated with lack of diversity in big data generally. This article investigates the tension between difference and sameness specifically as it relates to asserting the identity of entities. It links ambiguity in natural language and cultural expression to Derrida's notion of différance and the foundation of Linked Data structure in Peircian semiotics. Representing entities so as to foreground rather than suppress subtle differences or ambiguity is a challenge given the lack of anything in between owl:sameAs and owl:differentFrom that can be supported by formal logic. The reuse of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) recommended as a best practice for data interlinking is troubled by confusion over the relationship between URIs and representation, whereas owl:sameAs suffers from a range of forms of misuse. Despite these challenges to representing nuance and ambiguity, however, there are several ways in which humanities researchers and cultural institutions can pursue better means of representing diversity and difference using LOD, particularly through interdisciplinary and multisectoral collaboration.
Optical Music Recognition of Printed White Mensural Notation: Conversion to Modern Notation Using Object Detection Mechanisms
Authors: Nowitzki Olaf , Engelhardt-Nowitzki Corinna , Fiala Martin L. , Wöber Wilfried
Published: March 2022

Today, the majority of music performers and vocalists are not able to read mensural notation fluently, and so conductors and music ensembles require modern editions for performing historical music. However, the conversion of printed white mensural sheet music into audible and performable modern notation currently requires elaborate manual editing by specialized music scholars. To close this gap, the present research proposes an algorithm that automatically converts scanned music score sheets of that historic period (the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) into a file format that is readable in current notation software. This includes the optical recognition of musical symbols and respective semantic interpretation, for example note pitch determination. Based on works by the composers Sebastian Ertel and Paul Peuerl, the article presents a case study that combines convolutional neural networks with further computational process steps towards an integrated algorithm within a four-step optical music recognition (OMR) approach. As a result, the used musical material could be correctly converted into the MusicXML format with a recognition rate of 99 per cent. In the wake of these promising results, in future research we propose to extend our work to other materials, epochs, note symbols and advanced semantic analyses.
Smart Modelling for Literary History
Authors: Schöch Christof , Hinzmann Maria , Röttgermann Julia , Dietz Katharina , Klee Anne
Published: March 2022

MiMoText is a research project in computational literary studies dealing with new ways to model and analyse literary history and literary historiography. It is based on the idea of extracting statements relevant to literary history from bibliographies, scholarly publications and primary sources, in order to build a shared knowledge network for literary history. We employ methods from information extraction and text mining to obtain large numbers of statements about authors and literary works from our data. Moreover, we use the Linked Open Data paradigm to model, represent and query the information we obtain. We believe our project is a step towards a mode of digital humanities that goes not only beyond small, deeply encoded datasets and their close reading, but also beyond Big Data approaches that cannot always be easily adapted to the humanities. Instead, we propose a third way for digital humanities that develops quantitative methods to create and analyse datasets relevant to research in the humanities that are both larger and smarter than has been customary up until recently.
Geographies of Place in Digital Art History
Authors: Middle Sarah , Horne Ryan , A. McMeekin David , Zuanni Chiara , Butterworth Alex
Published: March 2022

Art history research examines objects as embedded in a web of relationships, including multiple spatial dimensions (e.g. of the materials, of the artist, of the cultural influences, of the museum collection, and of the temporary exhibitions). However, this richness of nuances is not yet fully encompassed in Linked Open Data standards. This paper aims to examine how the multiplicity of places entangled in art objects can be represented within existing vocabularies (Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names, Geonames, Pleiades, Trismegistos), ontologies ( CIDOC CRM, Europeana Data Model, Linked Ancient World Data, Wikidata, LIDO) and interconnection formats (Pelagios, World Historical Gazetteer, SENESCHAL, Linked Art). In doing so, this article raises a series of questions concerning the potential and limitation of current solutions for representing geographical information. It highlights the needs for inclusive, interoperable, open and accessible features in LOD systems in spatial humanities and it traces possible areas of inquiry for further research. The article argues that there is the need to develop more granular and comprehensive solutions for encompassing the multiplicity of places that can be enclosed in an art object, and its itineraries across time and space.
DIGITAL ASSET VALUATION: ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, TAZIKHINA TATYANA , POPOVA ELIZAVETA
Published: March 2022

This article is research of the features of digital assets, solving the problems of classification of valuation. The main purpose of the research is to reveal the economic nature and identify the features of various types of digital assets. The paper analyzes various approaches to definite digital assets and their identification. It is concluded that digital assets are heterogeneous; they have different economic and legal specifications; not all digital assets should be interpreted as objects of estimation. They are heterogeneous and may have different economic and legal characteristics.
Breastfeeding Experience of Mothers with Multiple Babies: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: KOCABEY Zehra , KARAKOÇ Ayşe
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the needs and underline the experiences of mothers by focusing on the experiences of mothers with multiple babiesduring their breastfeeding period.Methods: This is a phenomenological, qualitative study. A total of 13 mothers with three – to 13-month-old babies were interviewed in-depthand individually. The data were collected by a single observer with a personal information form containing individual characteristics of theparticipants and an interview form with semi-structured, open-ended questions.Results: The three main themes formed based on the interviews with mothers were the meaning of being a mother with multiple babies andbreastfeeding them, challenging life experiences during breastfeeding, and the factors that affect motivation. The majority of the mothersexpressed feelings including concern, fear, guilt, and frustration. All mothers stated that, after delivery, they needed a knowledgeable anddependable helper preferably not from the family and that they experienced conflicts in their relationships.Conclusion: It is important to maintain social, emotional, and physical support for mothers with multiple babies. Similarly, avoiding judgmental,questioning, and accusing expressions is essential to circumvent conflicts in relationships. It is recommended for mothers’ concerns to beaddressed according to the source of the concern and for breastfeeding education content to be prepared accordingly. Each mother should beevaluated individually, and care plans and consultations should be prepared accordingly.
In vitro Biological Activities of Different Extracts from Alcea dissecta
Authors: TAŞKIN Turgut , KAHVECİOĞLU Dilay , TÜRKOĞLU Emir Alper , DOĞAN Ahmet , KUZU Müslüm
Published: March 2022

Objective: Alcea genus belongs to Malvaceae family and this genus is represented by 85 taxa in the world and 21 taxa in the Flora of Turkey.The flowers of Alcea genus contain plenty of mucilage and are used for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and cough.Alcea dissecta is known as ‘Govik, Hiro, Hero’ in Turkey, and the flowers and leaves of this species have been used in the treatment of asthma,injury, colds, and gastrointestinal diseases in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the effect of extraction methods onthe biological activity of this plant. In addition, although this species is being used as a medical plant, there is no study of the antioxidant, antiurease,esterase, and anticholinesterase activity of the plant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-urease,esterase, anticholinesterase activities of Alcea dissecta using a variety of extracts.Methods: The antioxidant activities of different extracts were examined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. The total phenoliccompounds contained in the extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method. Anti-urease and anticholinesteraseactivities of different extracts were evaluated by indophenol and Ellman methods respectively. In addition, esterase activities of plant extractswere determined.Results: In the present study, ethanol:water (1:1, v/v) and chloroform extracts obtained maceration method showed stronger DPPH and ABTSradical scavenging activity than other extracts. The chloroform extract obtained Soxhlet method was found to have higher FRAP and CUPRACvalues than other extracts. It was also found that the ethanol extract obtained maceration method showed the most potent anti-urease andanticholinesterase activity. According to the results, the strongest inhibitory effect on both hCA I and II isoenzymes was shown by the petroleumether extract obtained Soxhlet method.Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that different plant extracts have antioxidant, anti-urease, esterase, anticholinesterase activities. Inaddition, the data obtained from this study will shed light on future research on the biological activities of this species.
SOSIALISASI DAN PENDAMPINGAN IZIN USAHA MIKRO KECIL (IUMK) DI DESA KARANG KEMIRI KECAMATAN KARANG LEWAS MELALUI SISTEM ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION (OSS)
Authors: Kresnasari Dewi , Nurrozalina Rakhma
Published: March 2022

Socialization and assistance for Micro and Small Business Permits (IUMK) in Karang Kemiri Village, Karang Lewas Subdistrict through the Online Single Submission System (OSS) began with the results of a survey that many UMKM did not have a permit. This is due to the lack of socialization and education on the importance of IUMK. This community service activity was attended by 20 UMKM consisting of 14 UMKM engaged in the culinary sector, 3 UMKM engaged in fashion and 3 UMKM engaged in skills. The high level of enthusiasm was shown by the number of participants asking questions about legality and interested in managing the legality of their business. The IUMK process is carried out by OSS, namely via a smartphone so that the process is easy, fast and free of administration fees. The benefits of having an IUMK are that UMKM have a clear, legal identity, added value for access to capital and can develop businesses by participating in empowerment and coaching programs held by local and central governments. Results show an increase in the understanding and legal awareness of UMKM to take care of the legality of their business.

Sosialisasi dan pendampingan Izin Usaha Mikro Kecil (IUMK) di Desa Karang Kemiri Kecamatan Karang Lewas melalui Sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) berawal dari hasil survey bahwa banyak pelaku UMKM yang belum mempunyai izin. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya sosialisasi dan edukasi arti penting IUMK. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dihadiri oleh 20 UMKM terdiri dari 14 UMKM bergerak dibidang kuliner, 3 UMKM bergerak dibidang fashion dan 3 UMKM bergerak dibidang keterampilan. Tingkat antusiasme yang cukup tinggi ditunjukan dengan banyaknya peserta mengajukan pertanyaan seputar legalitas dan berminat untuk mengurus legalitas usahanya. Proses IUMK dilakukan secara OSS yaitu melalui smartphone sehingga prosesnya mudah, cepat dan bebas biaya administrasi. Manfaat memiliki IUMK yaitu UMKM memiliki identitas yang jelas, legal, nilai tambah untuk akses permodalan dan dapat mengembangkan usaha dengan mengikuti program-program pemberdayaan dan pembinaan yang diadakan oleh pemerintah daerah maupun pusat. Hasil PKM menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum UMKM untuk mengurus legalitas usahanya.
PENGOLAHAN JAHE MERAH UNTUK TINGKATKAN IMUNITAS TUBUH DI DESA JIMBUNG, KLATEN
Authors: Utami Nastiti , Dian Puspitasari  , Belani Tarasia Gandes , Marita Hawa Surya , Andriani Yolla , Dessy Irna
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic was still a major concern of the world, because there has not been a cure for this disease, but there was already given a vaccine to the community. Vaccines provided in Indonesia are still not enough to create immunity or herd immunity, so the community was supposed to maintain immune system by consuming nutritious food and consuming bioactive compounds that have antiviral and immunomodulatory/immune booster activities. Bioactive compounds such as gingerol, zingeron, shogaol, and gingerin found in red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) have great properties to increase immune system. The immune system not only prevents disease from being easily affected, but also accelerates healing and recovery from illness. In the activities of training and workshop on the red ginger processing, participants get the benefits directly to be able to process red ginger and consumed independently or can also be used to increase family income. The method used in this activity is training and workshop. The result of this activity is that the community enthusiastically participates in this activity and the community acquires new knowledge about red ginger.

Pandemi Covid-19 masih menjadi perhatian utama dunia, karena belum ditemukannya obat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit ini, namun sudah terdapat vaksin yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. Vaksin yang diberikan di Indonesia masih belum cukup untuk menciptakan kekebalan masyarakat atau herd immunity, sehingga masyarakat diharapkan dapat menjaga daya tahan tubuh dengan konsumsi makanan yang bergizi dan mengkonsumsi senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki aktivitas antiviral dan imunomodulator/immune booster. Senyawa bioaktif seperti gingerol, zingeron, shogaol, dan gingerin yang terdapat pada jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) memiliki khasiat yang besar untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Daya tahan tubuh tidak hanya mencegah agar tidak mudah terserang penyakit, namun juga mempercepat penyembuhan dan pemulihan dari sakit. Dalam kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengolahan jahe merah, peserta dapat merasakan manfaat secara langsung untuk bisa mengolah jahe merah dan dikonsumsi mandiri atau dapat juga digunakan untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan serbuk jahe. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat antusias mengikuti kegiatan ini dan masyarakat mendapatkan pengetahuan baru mengenai jahe merah.