bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing fiscal multipliers in times of crisis: evidence from selected CEE countries
Authors: Muraraşu Bogdan , Anghelescu Cristina , Grecu Robert Adrian
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic proved to be an unprecedented socio-economic crisis in the last decades. More than three years after its outbreak, there is still uncertainty regarding its future evolution. National and international authorities adopted a prompt and synchronized response to limit the adverse effects of the health crisis, in terms of socio-economic damage. Against this background, this paper assesses the efficiency of the measures implemented by fiscal authorities in selected Central and Eastern European countries to ameliorate the economic repercussions of the crisis. The analysis reveals that the impact of expenditure-side measures is stronger than that of revenue-side ones. Additionally, the results of a time-varying parameter model indicate that the fiscal multipliers are higher in times of crisis. In view of the ongoing war in Ukraine, the related geopolitical turmoil and energy crisis, the findings of this paper are especially pertinent, given the need for additional fiscal support.
A Possible Aquatic Origin of the Thiaminase TenA of the Human Gut Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Stentz Régis , Cheema Jitender , Philo Mark , Carding Simon R.
Published: April 2023

TenA thiamin-degrading enzymes are commonly found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi and algae and are involved in the thiamin salvage pathway. The gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) produces a TenA protein (BtTenA) which is packaged into its extracellular vesicles. An alignment of BtTenA protein sequence with proteins from different databases using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and the generation of a phylogenetic tree revealed that BtTenA is related to TenA-like proteins not only found in a small number of intestinal bacterial species but also in some aquatic bacteria, aquatic invertebrates, and freshwater fish. This is, to our knowledge, the first report describing the presence of TenA-encoding genes in the genome of members of the animal kingdom. By searching metagenomic databases of diverse host-associated microbial communities, we found that BtTenA homologues were mostly represented in biofilms present on the surface of macroalgae found in Australian coral reefs. We also confirmed the ability of a recombinant BtTenA to degrade thiamin. Our study shows that BttenA-like genes which encode a novel sub-class of TenA proteins are sparingly distributed across two kingdoms of life, a feature of accessory genes known for their ability to spread between species through horizontal gene transfer.
Implementing Enhanced Perioperative Care in Emergency General Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Ceresoli Marco , Biloslavo Alan , Bisagni Pietro , Ciuffa Carlo , Fortuna Laura , La Greca Antonio , Tartaglia Dario , Zago Mauro , Ficari Ferdinando , Foti Giuseppe , Braga Marco ,   the ERAS‐emergency surgery collaborative group, Armao Francesca Teodora , Bottari Andrea , Ballabio Michele , Beretta Luigi , Bondi Chiara , Calcinati Serena , Carlucci Michele , Chiarugi Massimo , Ciravegna Arianna Libera , Coccolini Federico , Cozza Valerio , Cremonini Camilla , Ferraina Federica , Fico Valeria , Fogliata Michele , Germani Paola , Gianotti Luca , Grandi Samuele , Guiotto Lorenzo , Lena Enrico , Longhi Marco , Lorenzi Irene , Malagnino Alessia , Montino Marco , Paiano Lucia , Pesenti Giovanni , Riccadonna Sara , Romanò Bruno , Russo Andrea , Somigli Riccardo , Tomajer Valentina , Tripodi Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

Introduction

ERAS pathway has been proposed as the standard of care in elective abdominal surgery. Guidelines on ERAS in emergency surgery have been recently published; however, few evidences are still available in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an enhanced recovery protocol in a large cohort of patients undergoing emergency surgery and to identify possible factors impacting postoperative protocol compliance.

Methods

This is a prospective multicenter observational study including patients who underwent major emergency general surgery for either intra‐abdominal infection or intestinal obstruction. The primary endpoint of the study is the adherence to ERAS postoperative protocol. Secondary endpoints are 30‐day mortality and morbidity rates, and length of hospital stay.

Results

A total of 589 patients were enrolled in the study, 256 (43.5%) of them underwent intestinal resection with anastomosis. Major complications occurred in 92 (15.6%) patients and 30‐day mortality was 6.3%. Median adherence occurred on postoperative day (POD) 1 for naso‐gastric tube removal, on POD 2 for mobilization and urinary catheter removal, and on POD 3 for oral intake and i.v. fluid suspension. Laparoscopy was significantly associated with adherence to postoperative protocol, whereas operative fluid infusion > 12 mL/Kg/h, preoperative hyperglycemia, presence of a drain, duration of surgery and major complications showed a negative association.

Conclusions

The present study supports that an enhanced recovery protocol in emergency surgery is feasible and safe. Laparoscopy was associated with an earlier recovery, whereas preoperative hyperglycemia, fluid overload, and abdominal drain were associated with a delayed recovery.
Elevated Interleukin-37 Associated with Dengue Viral Load in Patients with Dengue Fever
Authors: Zhang Jun-Ai , Wang Jia-Jun , Zhang Wen-Ting , Zhang Li , Zheng Bi-Ying , Liu Gan-Bin , Liang Jing , Lu Yuan-Bin , Wu Xian-Jin , Yao Shu-Ying , Chen Guo-Ying , Xie Yun-Qi , Wu Jun-Yi , Shi Jia-Hua , Pi Jiang , Li Si-Ping , Xu Jun-Fa
Published: April 2023

Dengue remains a public health issue worldwide. Similar to chronic infectious diseases, stimulation of cytokine production is not enough to drive immune effector cells for effective virus clearance. One possible mechanism is the virus induces a large number of negative stimulatory cytokines inhibiting immune response. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) plays a crucial regulatory role in infection and immunity, inhibits innate and adaptive immunity as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and pathways. To date, there are few studies reporting correlations between dengue fever (DF) and IL-37. In this study we found that the serum IL-37b and IL-37b-producing monocytes in patients were significantly increased in DF patients. A majority of the IL-37b produced by DF patients was produced by monocytes, not lymphocytes. Increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-α were also found in DF patients. However, we failed to detect IL-1β, IL-17A and TNF-α in plasma, because of off-target. In our study, there was no relation between IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-α expressions and IL-37b in serum (P > 0.05). The IL-37b-producing monocytes were negatively correlated with the level of IFN-α in serum and platelet count, and positively correlated with lymphocytes percentage (P < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, serum DENV nonstructural protein 1 levels were positively correlated with monocytes percentages (P < 0.05). Our data represents findings for IL-37b expression and its potential mechanisms in DF patients’ immune response.
Application of nanotags and nanobodies for live cell single-molecule imaging of the Z-ring in Escherichia coli
Authors: Westlund Emma , Bergenstråle Axel , Pokhrel Alaska , Chan Helena , Skoglund Ulf , Daley Daniel O. , Söderström Bill
Published: April 2023

Understanding where proteins are localized in a bacterial cell is essential for understanding their function and regulation. This is particularly important for proteins that are involved in cell division, which localize at the division septum and assemble into highly regulated complexes. Current knowledge of these complexes has been greatly facilitated by super-resolution imaging using fluorescent protein fusions. Herein, we demonstrate with FtsZ that single-molecule PALM images can be obtained in-vivo using a genetically fused nanotag (ALFA), and a corresponding nanobody fused to mEos3.2. The methodology presented is applicable to other bacterial proteins.
Preoperative fibrinogen/CRP score predicts survival in upper urothelial tract carcinoma patients undergoing radical curative surgery
Authors: Egger Valentina , Hutterer Georg C. , Mischinger Johannes , Seles Maximilian , Pichler Renate , Mannweiler Sebastian , Huber Katharina , Balihodzic Amar , Spiegelberg Jasmin , Bauernhofer Thomas , Ahyai Sascha , Zigeuner Richard , Pichler Martin , Barth Dominik A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents an often aggressive malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, finding reliable prognostic biomarkers in patients undergoing curative surgery for improved risk stratification is crucial. We evaluated the prognostic value of the Fibrinogen/C-reactive protein (FC)-score in a cohort of surgically treated UTUC patients.

Methods

170 patients with radiologically and histologically verified UTUC who underwent radical curative surgery between 1990 and 2020, were included. The FC-score was calculated for each patient, with patients receiving 1 point each if Fibrinogen and/or CRP levels were elevated above the 25th or 75th percentile, respectively. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to their FC-score of 0, 1 or 2 point(s). Kaplan–Meier analysis, uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were implemented. We determined cancer-specific survival (CSS) as primary endpoint, whereas overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were considered secondary endpoints.

Results

High FC-score (2 points) was significantly associated with adverse histological features such as vascular invasion (OR = 4.08, 95%CI 1.18–14.15, p = .0027) and tumour necrosis (OR = 6.67, 95%CI 1.35–32.96, p = 0.020). Both, uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models showed the FC-score as a significant predictor for CSS (univariable analysis: FC-score = 1: HR = 1.90, 95%CI 0.92–3.93, p = 0.085 | FC-score = 2: HR = 2.86, 95%CI 1.22–6.72, p = 0.016). Furthermore, in univariable analysis, patients with higher FC-score had significantly shorter OS (FC-score = 1: HR = 1.32, 95%CI 0.70–2.49, p = 0.387 | FC-score = 2: HR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.02–4.67, p = 0.043). However, this did not prevail in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

The FC-score represents a novel potential biomarker in patients with UTUC undergoing radical curative surgery.
A unifying framework for rank and pseudo-rank based inference using nonparametric confidence distributions
Authors: Beck Jonas , Bathke Arne C.
Published: April 2023

Nonparametric confidence distributions estimate statistical functionals by a distribution function on the parameter space, instead of the classical point or interval estimators. The concept bears analogy to the Bayesian posterior, but is nevertheless a completely frequentist concept. In order to ensure the desired statistical properties, we require that the cumulative distribution function on the parameter space is, evaluated at the true parameter, uniformly distributed over the unit interval. Our main focus lies on developing confidence distributions for the nonparametric relative effect and some natural extensions thereof. We develop asymptotic, range preserving and—especially important in the case of small sample sizes—approximate confidence distributions based on rank and pseudo-rank procedures. Due to the close relationship between point estimators, confidence intervals and p-values, these can all be approached in a unified manner within the framework of confidence distributions. The main goal of our contribution is to make the powerful theory of confidence distributions available in a nonparametric context, that is, for situations where methods relying on parametric assumptions are not justifiable. Application of the proposed methods and interpretation of the results is demonstrated using real data sets, including ordinal, non-metric data.
Outcome of different reconstruction options using allografts in revision total hip arthroplasty for severe acetabular bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Strahl André , Boese Christoph Kolja , Ries Christian , Hubert Jan , Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Several studies have reported good to excellent outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) using allografts for treating severe acetabular bone defects. However, precise information on the impact of allograft type and reconstruction method is not available.

Material and methods

Systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Web of Science including patients with acetabular bone loss classified according to the Paprosky classification who underwent rTHA involving the use of allografts. Studies with a minimum follow-up of 2 years published between 1990 and 2021 were included. Kendall correlation was applied to determine the relationship between Paprosky grade and allograft type use. Proportion meta-analyses with 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed to summarize the success of various reconstruction options, including allograft type, fixation method, and reconstruction system.

Results

Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria encompassing 1561 cases from 1491 patients with an average age of 64 years (range 22–95). The average follow-up period was 7.9 years (range 2–22). Structural bulk and morselized grafts were used in equal proportions for all Paprosky acetabular defect types. Their use increased significantly with the type of acetabular defect (r = 0.69, p = 0.049). The overall success rate ranged from 61.3 to 98.3% with a random effect pooled estimate of 90% [95% CI 87–93]. Trabecular metal augments (93% [76–98]) and shells (97% [84–99]) provided the highest success rates. However, no significant differences between reconstruction systems, allograft types and fixation methods were observed (p > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the use of bulk or morselized allograft for massive bone loss independent of Paprosky classification type and indicate similar good mid- to long-term outcomes of the different acetabular reconstruction options using allografts.

Clinical trial registration

PROSPERO: CRD42020223093.
Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) – revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part I: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Authors: Jarius Sven , Aktas Orhan , Ayzenberg Ilya , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Berthele Achim , Giglhuber Katrin , Häußler Vivien , Havla Joachim , Hellwig Kerstin , Hümmert Martin W. , Kleiter Ingo , Klotz Luisa , Krumbholz Markus , Kümpfel Tania , Paul Friedemann , Ringelstein Marius , Ruprecht Klemens , Senel Makbule , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Bergh Florian Then , Tumani Hayrettin , Wildemann Brigitte , Trebst Corinna ,   Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)
Published: April 2023

The term ‘neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders’ (NMOSD) is used as an umbrella term that refers to aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and itsformes frustesand to a number of closely related clinical syndromes without AQP4-IgG. NMOSD were originally considered subvariants of multiple sclerosis (MS) but are now widely recognized as disorders in their own right that are distinct from MS with regard to immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, optimum treatment, and prognosis. In part 1 of this two-part article series, which ties in with our 2014 recommendations, the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS) gives updated recommendations on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NMOSD. A key focus is on differentiating NMOSD from MS and from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also termed MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD), which shares significant similarity with NMOSD with regard to clinical and, partly, radiological presentation, but is a pathogenetically distinct disease. In part 2, we provide updated recommendations on the treatment of NMOSD, covering all newly approved drugs as well as established treatment options.
Validating models of sensory conflict and perception for motion sickness prediction
Authors: Irmak Tugrul , Pool Daan M. , de Winkel Ksander N. , Happee Riender
Published: April 2023

The human motion perception system has long been linked to motion sickness through state estimation conflict terms. However, to date, the extent to which available perception models are able to predict motion sickness, or which of the employed perceptual mechanisms are of most relevance to sickness prediction, has not been studied. In this study, the subjective vertical model, the multi-sensory observer model and the probabilistic particle filter model were all validated for their ability to predict motion perception and sickness, across a large set of motion paradigms of varying complexity from literature. It was found that even though the models provided a good match for the perception paradigms studied, they could not be made to capture the full range of motion sickness observations. The resolution of the gravito-inertial ambiguity has been identified to require further attention, as key model parameters selected to match perception data did not optimally match motion sickness data. Two additional mechanisms that may enable better future predictive models of sickness have, however, been identified. Firstly, active estimation of the magnitude of gravity appears to be instrumental for predicting motion sickness induced by vertical accelerations. Secondly, the model analysis showed that the influence of the semicircular canals on the somatogravic effect may explain the differences in the dynamics observed for motion sickness induced by vertical and horizontal plane accelerations.
The effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography findings to distinguish benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Dong Wu , Zhen Ding , Xiaoyan Wang , Bin Cheng , Ruifeng Wang , Shanyu Qin , Zhuoran Li , Kai Song , Wenming Wu , Aiming Yang , Xi Wu
Published: April 2023

Background and aims

Accurate evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is necessary to inform clinical decision-making. But it is still difficult to distinguish benign and malignant IPMN preoperatively. This study aims to evaluate the utility of EUS to predict the pathology of IPMN.

Methods

Patients with IPMN who underwent endoscopic ultrasound within 3 months before surgery were collected from six centers. Logistic regression model and random forest model were used to determine risk factors associated with malignant IPMN. In both models, 70% and 30% of patients were randomly assigned to the exploratory group and validation group, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC were used in model assessment.

Results

Of the 115 patients, 56 (48.7%) had low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 25 (21.7%) had high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and 34 (29.6%) had invasive cancer (IC). Smoking history (OR = 6.95, 95%CI: 1.98–24.44, p = 0.002), lymphadenopathy (OR = 7.91, 95%CI: 1.60–39.07, p = 0.011), MPD > 7 mm (OR = 4.75, 95%CI: 1.56–14.47, p = 0.006) and mural nodules > 5 mm (OR = 8.79, 95%CI: 2.40–32.24, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors predicting malignant IPMN according to the logistic regression model. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.895, 0.571, and 0.795 in the validation group. In the random forest model, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.722, 0.823, and 0.773, respectively. In patients with mural nodules, random forest model could reach a sensitivity of 0.905 and a specificity of 0.900.

Conclusions

Using random forest model based on EUS data is effective to differentiate benign and malignant IPMN in this cohort, especially in patients with mural nodules.
An enhanced efficient optimization algorithm (EINFO) for accurate extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell parameters
Authors: Singla Manish Kumar , Hassan Mohamed H. , Gupta Jyoti , Jurado Francisco , Nijhawan Parag , Kamel Salah
Published: April 2023

In order to assure accurate modelling, this study presents a new technique for appropriately modelling and simulating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The PEMFC is a cleaner and more sustainable energy source as compared to fossil fuels. The fundamental idea is to minimize the sum of squared error (SSE) between the estimated and measured output voltage for the Ballard Mark V model in order to identify the model parameters of PEMFC stacks as efficiently as possible using a newly developed meta-heuristic called enhanced efficient optimization algorithm (EINFO). The proposed optimizer is considered an enhanced version of the original INFO algorithm. By balancing the exploration and exploitation phases better, the EINFO algorithm is intended to improve the performance of the original INFO approach and prevent local optima. The new method was tested on 23 benchmark functions and compared to the original INFO algorithm as well as other recently evolved optimizers. The algorithm is examined and compared with some literature meta-heuristics, including the particle swarm optimization, sine cosine algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, atom search optimization, Harris hawks optimization, and efficient optimization algorithm, using 50 independent runs, in terms of convergence speed and least SSE. When compared to other methods, the final findings show that, the suggested technique achieves the fastest convergence speed.
Heat generated during dental treatments affecting intrapulpal temperature: a review
Authors: Lau Xin Er , Liu Xiaoyun , Chua Helene , Wang Wendy Jingwen , Dias Maykon , Choi Joanne Jung Eun
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Heat is generated and transferred to the dentine-pulp complex during various dental procedures, such as from friction during cavity preparations, exothermic reactions during the polymerisation of restorative materials and when polishing restorations. For in vitro studies, detrimental effects are possible when intra-pulpal temperature increases by more than 5.5°C (that is, the intra-pulpal temperature exceeds 42.4°C). This excessive heat transfer results in inflammation and necrosis of the pulp. Despite numerous studies stating the importance of heat transfer and control during dental procedures, there are limited studies that have quantified the significance. Past studies incorporated an experimental setup where a thermocouple is placed inside the pulp of an extracted human tooth and connected to an electronic digital thermometer.

Methods

This review identified the opportunity for future research and develop both the understanding of various influencing factors on heat generation and the different sensor systems to measure the intrapulpal temperature.

Conclusion

Various steps of dental restorative procedures have the potential to generate considerable amounts of heat which can permanently damage the pulp, leading to pulp necrosis, discoloration of the tooth and eventually tooth loss. Thus, measures should be undertaken to limit pulp irritation and injury during procedures. This review highlighted the gap for future research and a need for an experimental setup which can simulate pulp blood flow, temperature, intraoral temperature and intraoral humidity to accurately simulate the intraoral conditions and record temperature changes during various dental procedures.
The longitudinal relationship between dissociative symptoms and self-harm in adolescents: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Tanaka Riki , Ando Shuntaro , Kiyono Tomoki , Minami Rin , Endo Kaori , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Yamasaki Syudo , Kanata Sho , Fujikawa Shinya , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Nishida Atsushi , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have reported that dissociative symptoms (DIS) are associated with self-harm (SH) in adolescents. However, most of these studies were cross-sectional, which limits the understanding of their theoretical relationship. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between DIS and SH in the general adolescent population. We used data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort study (N = 3007). DIS and SH were assessed at times 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) (12 years of age and 14 years of age, respectively). DIS were assessed using the parent-report Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and severe dissociative symptoms (SDIS) were defined as a score above the top 10th percentile. The experience of SH within 1 year was assessed by a self-report questionnaire. The longitudinal relationship between DIS and SH was examined using regression analyses. Using logistic regression analyses, we further investigated the risk for SH at T2 due to persistent SDIS and vice versa. DIS at T1 tended to predict SH at T2 (odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.25, p = 0.08), while SH at T1 did not predict DIS at T2 (B = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.26 to 0.20, p = 0.81). Compared with adolescents without SDIS, those with persistent SDIS had an increased risk of SH at T2 (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.33, p = 0.01). DIS tended to predict future SH, but SH did not predict future DIS. DIS may be a target to prevent SH in adolescents. Intensive attention should be given to adolescents with SDIS due to their increased risk of SH.
A multiscale computational model of arterial growth and remodeling including Notch signaling
Authors: van Asten Jordy G. M. , Latorre Marcos , Karakaya Cansu , Baaijens Frank P. T. , Sahlgren Cecilia M. , Ristori Tommaso , Humphrey Jay D. , Loerakker Sandra
Published: April 2023

Blood vessels grow and remodel in response to mechanical stimuli. Many computational models capture this process phenomenologically, by assuming stress homeostasis, but this approach cannot unravel the underlying cellular mechanisms. Mechano-sensitive Notch signaling is well-known to be key in vascular development and homeostasis. Here, we present a multiscale framework coupling a constrained mixture model, capturing the mechanics and turnover of arterial constituents, to a cell–cell signaling model, describing Notch signaling dynamics among vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as influenced by mechanical stimuli. Tissue turnover was regulated by both Notch activity, informed by in vitro data, and a phenomenological contribution, accounting for mechanisms other than Notch. This novel framework predicted changes in wall thickness and arterial composition in response to hypertension similar to previous in vivo data. The simulations suggested that Notch contributes to arterial growth in hypertension mainly by promoting SMC proliferation, while other mechanisms are needed to fully capture remodeling. The results also indicated that interventions to Notch, such as external Jagged ligands, can alter both the geometry and composition of hypertensive vessels, especially in the short term. Overall, our model enables a deeper analysis of the role of Notch and Notch interventions in arterial growth and remodeling and could be adopted to investigate therapeutic strategies and optimize vascular regeneration protocols.
Habitat preferences and similarities of Grey Partridges and Common Pheasants in agricultural landscapes under organic and conventional farming
Authors: Schöll Eva Maria , Eschberger-Friedl Armin , Schai-Braun Stéphanie , Frey-Roos Alfred
Published: April 2023

Agricultural landscapes had been inhabited by a vast number of bird species in the past; however, especially in the last decades, agricultural intensification had negatively affected habitat composition. Habitat heterogeneity decreased and the number of many species inhabiting farmland has severely declined. These landscapes still offer a home for species, but with decreasing environmental variability, less suitable habitat might be available and interspecific competition might have been altered. Agricultural fields under organic farming are often assumed to provide adequate habitats for farmland birds, thus competition for these areas might be high and affect species’ habitat selection. We compared habitat selection of two typical farmland bird species, Grey Partridges (Perdix perdix) and Common Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), to determine the extent of habitat overlap in agricultural landscapes under organic and conventional farming in spring. Our study showed that both species preferred study squares with high habitat heterogeneity. In addition, squares with agricultural fields (e.g. without culture, winter cereals and fallow land) under organic farming were preferred by Grey Partridges, while Common Pheasants were mainly found on study squares containing agricultural fields under conventional farming. A broad habitat width in respect to food selection might have driven habitat choice of Common Pheasants; however, occupation of agricultural fields under organic farming by Grey Partridge males might also explain habitat selection of Common Pheasants. Awareness should be raised when releasing captive-rearing pheasants because interspecific competition between Grey Partridges and Common Pheasants could also affect fecundity and survival of both species.
Wie beeinflusst der Klimawandel unsere Gesellschaft und damit unsere Gesundheit?
Authors: Swiers Joost , Brimicombe Chloe R. , Wieser Katharina , Otto Ilona M.
Published: April 2023

Der Klimawandel hat negative Auswirkungen auf unser Leben, die Gesellschaft und unsere Gesundheit, wobei die Schwächsten unter uns unverhältnismäßig stark betroffen sind. In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels mit Fokus auf die Lungengesundheit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es 4 Hauptauswirkungen gibt: Luftverschmutzung, Aeroallergene (Pollen und Schimmelpilze), extreme Hitze und Kälte und Extremwetterereignisse, wie z. B. Überschwemmungen. Diese werden jedes Jahr schlimmer und betreffen außerdem eine immer größere Gruppe an Menschen. Zweitens werden Beispiele für Fälle von bestehender und zunehmender sozialer und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit und Ungerechtigkeit im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel und seinen Folgen erläutert mit einem Fokus auf die Lungengesundheit. Drittens geben wir einen Überblick über transformative Veränderungen und soziale Gerechtigkeit, um Wege zur Lösung der Klimakrise aufzuzeigen.
Great ape enculturation studies: a neglected resource in cognitive development research
Authors: Berio Leda , Moore Richard
Published: April 2023

Disagreement remains about whether particular human socio-cognitive traits arose primarily as a result of biological adaptations, or because of changing cultural practices. Heyes argues that uniquely human traits, including imitation and theory of mind, are the product of cultural learning. In contrast, Tomasello argues that they are, in key respects, part of a suite of adaptations for ‘shared intentionality’. We consider how such disagreements might be resolved. We show that the kinds of consideration often used to adjudicate questions about trait origins are insufficient to settle origin questions. Furthermore, humankind’s immersion in culture undermines the prospect that cross-cultural and developmental studies could resolve origin questions. Nonetheless we argue that, when cautiously interpreted, currently neglected studies of enculturated great apes (i.e. apes raised in human environments) can shed new light on trait origins, and inform mechanistic accounts of cognitive development. While acknowledging the shortcomings of enculturation research, we argue that it deserves renewed attention.
Combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for melanoma therapy: The more, the better?
Authors: Haist Maximilian , Stege Henner , Kuske Michael , Bauer Julia , Klumpp Annika , Grabbe Stephan , Bros Matthias
Published: April 2023

The approval of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in recent years significantly improved the treatment management and survival of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. CPI aim to counter-act receptor-mediated inhibitory effects of tumor cells and immunomodulatory cell types on effector T cells, whereas MAPKi are intended to inhibit tumor cell survival. In agreement with these complementary modes of action preclinical data indicated that the combined application of CPI and MAPKi or their optimal sequencing might provide additional clinical benefit. In this review the rationale and preclinical evidence that support the combined application of MAPKi and CPI either in concurrent or consecutive regimens are presented. Further, we will discuss the results from clinical trials investigating the sequential or combined application of MAPKi and CPI for advanced melanoma patients and their implications for clinical practice. Finally, we outline mechanisms of MAPKi and CPI cross-resistance which limit the efficacy of currently available treatments, as well as combination regimens.
Preschool Behavioral Problems: Links with Maternal Oxytocin and Caregiving Sensitivity in the Postnatal Period, and Concurrent Maternal Psychopathology and Attachment State-of-Mind
Authors: Kohlhoff Jane , Karlov Lisa , Dadds Mark , Barnett Bryanne , Silove Derrick , Mendoza Diaz Antonio , Eapen Valsamma
Published: April 2023

This study investigated maternal oxytocin, caregiving sensitivity and mother-to-infant bonding at 3-months postpartum as predictors of child behavior and psychological outcomes in the preschool years, when controlling for concurrent maternal negative emotional symptoms and adult attachment state-of-mind. Forty-five mother–child dyads were assessed at 3-months and 3.5 years postpartum using mix of questionnaires, observational, interview and biological methods. Results showed that lower levels of maternal baseline oxytocin at 3-months postpartum significantly predicted emotional reactivity in the child at 3.5 years. When maternal adult attachment state-of-mind and negative emotional symptoms were included, lower levels of maternal baseline oxytocin at 3-months postpartum significantly predicted withdrawn child behavior. In addition, unresolved adult attachment and maternal negative emotional symptoms were significantly associated child behavioral disturbance in a range of areas. Findings highlight maternal postnatal oxytocin as a potential indicator of children who may be more likely to show emotional reactivity and withdrawn behavior in the preschool years.
First-Order Theory of Rewriting for Linear Variable-Separated Rewrite Systems: Automation, Formalization, Certification
Authors: Middeldorp Aart , Lochmann Alexander , Mitterwallner Fabian
Published: April 2023

The first-order theory of rewriting is decidable for linear variable-separated rewrite systems. We present a new decision procedure which is the basis of , a decision and synthesis tool for properties expressible in the theory. The decision procedure is based on tree automata techniques and verified in Isabelle. Several extensions make the theory more expressive and more versatile. We present a certificate language that enables the output of to be certified by the certifier generated from the formalization, and we provide extensive experiments.
The Dreamwork of the Symptom: Reading Structural Racism and Family History in a Drug Addiction
Authors: Proudfoot Jesse
Published: April 2023

A key tenet of critical health research is that individual symptoms must be considered in light of the social and political contexts that shape or, in some cases, produce them. Precisely how oppressive social forces give rise to individual symptoms, however, remains challenging to theorize. This article contributes to debates over the interpretation of symptoms through a close reading of the case of Leon, an African American man struggling with an addiction to crack cocaine. Leon presented a complex illness narrative in which his addiction was clearly a product of structural racism, but also the result of dynamics within his family. Drawing on critical reevaluations of Freud’s concept of the dreamwork, I call attention to the surface elements of Leon’s narrative—what I term the surface of the symptom—and to the formal mechanisms by which latent contents (such as the social, the political, and the personal) are transformed into the manifest form of his symptom. This formal mode of reading offers a productive way of approaching questions of demystification and interpretation, one that holds in tension the register of social causation with the singularities of individuals and their symptoms.
Thermal and wind devices for multisensory human-computer interaction: an overview
Authors: da Silveira Aleph Campos , Rodrigues Eduardo C. , Saleme Estevao B. , Covaci Alexandra , Ghinea Gheorghita , Santos Celso A. S.
Published: April 2023

In order to create immersive experiences in virtual worlds, we need to explore different human senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch). Many different devices have been developed by both industry and academia towards this aim. In this paper, we focus our attention on the researched area of thermal and wind devices to deliver the sensations of heat and cold against people’s skin and their application to human-computer interaction (HCI). First, we present a review of devices and their features that were identified as relevant. Then, we highlight the users’ experience with thermal and wind devices, highlighting limitations either found or inferred by the authors and studies selected for this survey. Accordingly, from the current literature, we can infer that, in wind and temperature-based haptic systems (i) users experience wind effects produced by fans that move air molecules at room temperature, and (ii) there is no integration of thermal components to devices intended for the production of both cold or hot airflows. Subsequently, an analysis of why thermal wind devices have not been devised yet is undertaken, highlighting the challenges of creating such devices.
Risk assessment and management of vulnerable areas to flash flood hazards in arid regions using remote sensing and GIS-based knowledge-driven techniques
Authors: Abdelkareem Mohamed , Mansour Abbas M.
Published: April 2023

Earth Observation from space has allowed characterizing, detecting, and managing natural hazards in spatiotemporal scale. Flash flood is the most frequent natural disaster that causes destruction to human lives, the economy, and infrastructure. Thus, developing a flash flood hazard zone (FFHZ) map is significant for comprehensive flash flood risk assessment and management to minimize its harmful effects, particularly in residential areas, because of climate change. Therefore, in this article, ten parameters derived from satellite images, including lithology, slope, topographic wetness index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), Stream Transport Index (STI), Terrain Roughness Index (TRI), drainage density (Dd), distance to river, radar intensity map, and rainfall distribution map, were fused to predict the flood-vulnerable areas through GIS-based overlay analysis after normalization and assigning weight by applying Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (AHP). The findings allowed for the identification of the most vulnerable areas and provided an explanation for the flood's effects on New Qena City (NQC). The output FFHZs of the Wadi Qena Basin (WQB) were divided into six hazard zones, i.e., extreme hazard (6.86%), very strong (15.04%), strong (18.74%), moderate (22.58%), low (22.80%), and very low (13.98%) susceptibility. Furthermore, approximately 35% of the under-construction NQC is subject to the extreme to very serious hazards, as opposed to the extension area to NQC east of the Qena-Safaga Road. Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) change detection coherence (CCD) and spatiotemporal analysis of Landsat and Sentinel-2 data revealed steady changes in vegetation and infrastructure from 1984 to present. Based on GIS analyses about 10, and 14% of the NQC can be inundated if the flood extends 500, and 1000 m around the flood canal, respectively. Thus, several strategies were advised to safeguard the development projects, particularly the residential sections of the under construction NQC, including erecting four dams with a total capacity of 300 million m3, reinforce the dam at Wadi Shahadein, constructing concrete chevron bunds along the flood zone, and extending the depths of the flooding canal.
A Novel Geometry Optimization Approach for Multi-Recess Hydrostatic Bearing Pad Operating in Static and low-Speed Conditions Using CFD Simulation
Authors: Michalec Michal , Ondra Martin , Svoboda Martin , Chmelík Jiří , Zeman Petr , Svoboda Petr , Jackson Robert L.
Published: April 2023

The design of a hydrostatic bearing pad is limited to simple geometry using analytical equations or one-parameter optimization based on experimental data. This study proposes and investigates a new two-parameter method for estimating optimal hydrostatic bearing pad proportions—recess area and position, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this study, 3D static CFD quarter model of a multi-recess hydrostatic bearing pad assuming laminar flow is used. The CFD model was calibrated based on experimentally obtained results and the literature. The recess pressure and resulting load are evaluated for a variety of recess positions and areas. Performance factors are calculated and interpolated in the MATLAB environment. Using the proposed novel two-parameter optimization, the energetic loss was reduced by 20% compared to the classical one-parameter approach. This methodology allows versatile and effective design of optimal hydrostatic bearings operating in low-speed conditions to achieve minimum energetic loss.
Reuse of vegetable wastes in animal feed: the influence of red beet powder supplementation on performance, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of layer quails
Authors: Sarmiento-García Ainhoa , Olgun Osman , Kilinç Gözde , Sevim Behlül , Gökmen Seyit Ahmet
Published: April 2023

The survey was carried out to establish the impact of red beet powder (RBP) on performance parameters and egg quality in laying quails. One twenty hundred (120) female laying quails aged 22 weeks were randomly assigned into five groups of 4 females each, and six replicates. Treatments diets were formed by adding 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% RBP to the basal diet. The dietary inclusion of RBP did not affect performance parameters and egg production (P > 0.05) except feed conversion ratio, which was quadratically affected (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was improved in the 0.4% group with concerning control. The inclusion of RBP did not modify the yolk color (L*, a*, b*) or egg quality (P > 0.05). However, the yolk index showed the highest value (P < 0.05) in quails fed 0.2% RBP. Free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) of the yolk decreased (P < 0.05) when RBP levels increased above 0.6%. In contrast, the 0.6% RBP group had the highest level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Data from the present study provide valuable information to include RBP as an ingredient without affecting performance and egg production. It is an interesting option within the framework of the circular economy and of reusing vegetable products to use this ingredient in animal feed.
Influence of Land Surface Temperature and Rainfall on Surface Water Change: An Innovative Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jain Vanita , Dhingra Aarushi , Gupta Eeshita , Takkar Ish , Jain Rachna , Islam Sardar M. N.
Published: April 2023

The largest reservoir of drinkable water on Earth is surface water. It is crucial for maintaining ecosystems and enabling people to adapt to diverse climate changes. Despite surface freshwater is essential for life, the current research shows a striking lack of understanding in its spatial and temporal dynamics of variations in outflow and storage across a sizable country: India. Numerous restrictions apply to current research, including the use of insufficient machine learning techniques and limited data series. This work uses cutting-edge and SOTA-method to use the available data and machine learning to accurately understand spatial and temporal dynamics of variations in surface freshwater outflow and storage using extended data series. The authors did the examination of thematic maps produced using ArcMap 10.8 from June’2005 to June’2020 using JRC dataset to track changes in the intensity of surface water. Google Earth Engine in Python API has been devised to detect changes in surface water levels and quantifying shifting map trends. Raster image viewing, editing, and calculation are done with ArcMap. For determining the relationship between declines in Surface water levels, changes in rainfall intensity and land surface temperature, variables were averaged over 13 rivers for 15 years. The change in surface water is reliant on independent variables of change in land surface temperature and rainfall intensity. The authors use the correlation between these parameters to achieve an average R-squared adjusted value of 0.402. The study's findings contribute to a better understanding of the matter and can be used across the world.
Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review
Authors: Ramachandran Sunder , Balasubramanian Sreejith , James Wayne Fabian , Al Masaeid Turki
Published: April 2023

Recent disastrous events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, has amplified the appeal for compassionate leadership in organizations and is viewed as the need of the hour. While compassion is a timeless concept, there appears to be a lack of clarity around the idea of compassionate leadership, and the current understanding appears limited, fragmented, and scattered across the literature. This integrative systematic review of 41 articles during the last 20 years (2002–2021) conceptualizes six critical dimensions of compassionate leadership, namely: empathy; openness and communication; physical, mental health and well-being; inclusiveness; integrity; respect and dignity. These findings enhance our understanding of how organizational leaders can effectively incorporate the dimensions to become compassionate leaders. The review examines how compassionate leadership is defined and understood in the literature, and a contribution in the form of a definition for compassionate leadership is offered. Finally, gaps in the literature are highlighted, offering avenues for future research, along with implications for research, theory, and practice.
How can the floor area types of a university campus mitigate the increase of urban air temperature?
Authors: Ponti Stefano , Guglielmin Mauro
Published: April 2023

The urban heat island (UHI) under the current climate change scenario could have a major impact on the lives of urban residents. The presence of green areas undoubtedly mitigates the UHI, and modifies some selected anthropized surfaces with particular characteristics (e.g., albedo). Here, we use a university campus as a good template of the urban context to analyze the mitigation effect of different surface types on the air temperature warming. This study provides some of the best practices for the future management of land surface types in urban areas. Through the development of a simple air temperature mitigation index (ATMI) that uses the temperature, water content (WC), and albedo of the investigated surface types, we find the green and anthropized surfaces according to their areal distribution and mitigation effects. The findings address the importance of poorly managed green areas (few annual mowings) and anthropized materials that permit a good balance between water retention capacity and high albedo. In the case of impervious surfaces, priority should be given to light-colored materials with reduced pavement units (blocks or slabs) to reduce the UHI.