bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Compounds Attached to Solid Supports Using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR
Authors: Lippens Guy , Bourdonneau Maryse , Dhalluin Christophe , Warrass Ralf , Richer Thierry , Seetharaman Chidambarakrishnan , Boutillon Christophe , Piotto Martial
Published: February 2022

This article presents an overview of high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR applied to solid phase synthesis. The different interactions existing in such samples are described and analyzed with respect to their effect on the linewidth of the sample. The critical element leading to the relatively narrow linewidth observed in such compounds using HRMAS is shown to be the averaging of the magnetic susceptibility differences at the resin bead I solvent interface. The hardware required to record such spectra is described with an emphasis on probe technology. Applications of HRMAS to a tetrapeptide, an organic molecule and a polymer are presented here.
Chemical	and Chemo-Enzymatic Approaches	to Unnatural Ketoses and Glycosidase Inhibitors with Basic Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring
Authors: Fechter M.H. , Stutz A.E. , Tauss A.
Published: February 2022

The intramolecular reductive amination of the carbonyl group in a y- or 8-aminoaldose or -ketose was employed as the first synthetic access to iminoalditols. Over the past thirty years, this approach has remained one of the most important methods for the synthesis of highly functionalized monocyclic as well as bicyclic alkaloidal carbohydrate mimics from sugars. Such compounds have been found to exhibit exciting biological properties. Because aminoaldehydes and aminoketones are key intermediates, preparative approaches to these compounds have been devised based on a variety of chemical as well as enzymatic methods. These include the chemical synthesis as well as the modification of sugars and the enzymatic construction of the carbon backbone from suitably functionalized precursors. Recently, chemical as well as enzymatic isomerization reactions of modified mono- and disaccharides have been identified as viable alternatives to these established strategies.
Screening for Xenobiotic Electrophilic Metabolites Using Pulsed Ultrafiltration-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nikolic Dejan , Fan Peter W. , Bolton Judy L. , van Breemen Richard B.
Published: February 2022

A pulsed ultrafiltration-mass spectrometric screening assay has been developed to generate and identify electrophilic metabolites of xenobiotic compounds formed by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. This assay would be suitable for the early identification of potentially toxic compounds during the initial phase of drug development. Rat liver microsomes were trapped by an ultrafiltration membrane in a stirred flow-through chamber, and substrates for microsomal cytochrome P450 including hydroxychavicol, 3-methylindole, cyproheptadine and
2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol were flow-injected individually through the chamber along with the cofactors, NADPH and glutathione. Metabolites and glutathione conjugates were detected on-line using electrospray mass spectrometry. Alternatively, the ultrafiltrate was concentrated on a reversed phase HPLC column and analyzed using electrospray LC-MS or LC-MS-MS to separate and characterize isomeric metabolites and metabolites present at low concentration. Enzymatic activation of each xenobiotic substrate produced highly electrophilic metabolites such as quinones, quinone methides and imine methides that reacted with glutathione on-line to produce glutathione conjugates which were detected by using electrospray mass spectrometry. Although epoxides such as cyproheptadine epoxide were generated, it is likely that these compounds were insufficiently reactive to form glutathione conjugates in the absence of cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. Pulsed ultrafiltration-electrospray mass spectrometry offers an efficient method for in vitro formation and mass spectrometric characterization of activated microsomal drug metabolites and is suitable for use during the drug discovery process for the early identification and screening out of potentially toxic lead compounds.
Fluorescence Polarization: An Analytical Tool for Immunoassay and_ Drug Discovery
Authors: Nasir Mohammad Sarwar , Jolley Michael E.
Published: February 2022

Fluorescence polarization (FP) is an intrinsically powerful technique for the rapid and homogeneous analysis of molecular interactions in biological/chemical systems. The technique has been successfully used to diagnose various viral and infectious diseases in humans and animals, to monitor therapeutic drug levels and substances of abuse in body fluids and to determine food born pathogens, grain mycotoxins and pesticides. It has also been used in monitoring enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis, protein-protein interactions, DNA diagnostics and high throughput screening during the course of drug discovery. Work by various groups, including our own, have demonstrated that the technique can replace a substantial number of solid phase
assays. FP, defined by the equation P = [lv- IH] I [lv + IH] (where V and H are the vertical and
horizontal components of the intensity I of emitted light respectively when exited by vertically plane polarized light), is independent of the intensity of the light and the concentration of the fluorophore. Hence it is functional in colored and cloudy solutions. The FP of a fluorophore is proportional to its rotational relaxation time, which in turn depends upon its molecular volume (or molecular weight) at constant temperature and solution viscosity. When a fluorophore-labeled ligand binds to a larger molecule, equilibrium is established rapidly and the FP increases. This property has been successfully exploited in many fields as described in this review.
Structure-Based Drug Design: Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Kirkpatrick D. Lynn , Watson Shawndra , Ulhaq Saraj
Published: February 2022

Drug discovery efforts are shifting to include the rapid synthetic procedures of combinatorial chemistry and the elegance of rational library design. The wealth of computational methods which explore both the receptor structure and the ultimate pharmacophore complementarity, provide novel avenues for chemists to discover new lead compounds or design virtual libraries for screening prior to the synthetic stage. This mini-review provides an overview of a few current methodologies of library generation, highlighting docking procedures which have utility in both the discovery and optimization stages of drug development. Three specific examples of different approaches to the use of docking are provided. These describe the development of inhibitors to the human A3 adenosine receptor and HIV-1 protease, and the evaluation of the activity of novel inhibitors of the redox regulator protein, human thioredoxin.
Recent Advances in Liquid-Phase Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Sun Chung-Ming
Published: February 2022

In combination with high throughput screening, combinatorial organic synthesis of large numbers of pharmaceutically interesting compounds may revolutionize the drug discovery process. Although combinatorial organic synthesis on solid supports is a useful approach, several groups are focusing their research efforts on liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis by the use of soluble polymer supports to generate libraries. This macromolecular carrier, in contrast to an insoluble matrix, is soluble in most organic solvents and has a strong tendency for precipitation in particular solvents. Liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis is a unique approach since homogeneous reaction conditions can be applied, but product purification similar to the solid-phase method can be carried out by simple filtration and washing. This method combines the positive aspects of classical solution-phase chemistry and solid-phase synthesis. This review examines the recent applications (1995-1999) of soluble polymer supports in the synthesis of combinatorial libraries.
Clinical Observation and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of ABCA4-
Related Hereditary Retinal Degeneration before Gene Therapy
Authors: Zheng Hongmei , Yuan Jiajia , Xiao Xuan , Ye Lin , Chen Changzheng
Published: February 2022

Background:

Hereditary retinal degeneration (HRD) is an irreversible eye disease that results
in blindness in severe cases. It is most commonly caused by variants in the ABCA4 gene. HRD
presents a high degree of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We determined genotypic and phenotypic
correlations, in the natural course of clinical observation, of unrelated progenitors of HRD associated
with ABCA4.

Objective:

To analyze the relationship between the phenotypes and genotypes of ABCA4 variants.

Methods:

A retrospective clinical study of five cases from the ophthalmology department of the People’s
Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2019 to October 2020 was conducted. We tested for
ABCA4 variants in the probands. We performed eye tests, including the best-corrected visual acuity,
super-wide fundus photography and spontaneous fluorescence photography, optical coherence tomography,
and electrophysiological examination.

Results:

Disease-causing variants were identified in the ABCA4 genes of all patients. Among these,
seven ABCA4 variants were novel. All patients were sporadic cases; only one patient had parents who
were relatives, and the other four patients were offspring of unrelated parents. Two patients presented
with Stargardt disease, mainly with macular lesions, two presented with retinitis pigmentosa (cone-rod
type), and one presented with cone dystrophy. The visual acuity and visual field of the five patients
showed varying degrees of deterioration and impairment.

Conclusions:

The same ABCA4 mutation can lead to different clinical phenotypes, and there is variation
in the degree of damage to vision, visual field, and electrophysiology among different clinical
phenotypes. Clinicians must differentiate between and diagnose pathologies resulting from this mutation.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Prager Gerald W. , Taghizadeh Hossein
Published: February 2022

BTC is a rare and aggressive cancer disease, bearing an overall dismal prognosis with only
finite therapy options. Only combination chemotherapy regimens achieve disease control, which is
often only short-lived since the tumor tissue exhibits high resistance to chemotherapy.
The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years has significantly improved the survival
of cancer patients and thus, has been integrated into the therapeutic management of several solid
tumors, including melanoma, colorectal carcinoma (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), triple-
negative breast cancer (TNBC), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Investigation of the tumor biology of BTC and results of preliminary studies have shown that BTC
may also be amenable to immunomodulation. In this review, we seek to give a comprehensive overview
of the role, potential, and clinical significance of ICPI in the management of BTC.
Low-level Viremia in Treated HIV-1 Infected Patients: Advances and
Challenges
Authors: Wu Hao , Dai Lili , Bai Ruojing , Lv Shiyun
Published: February 2022

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication, improving quality
of life and restoring the lifespan of persons living with HIV (PLWH) to near-normal levels. However,
after standardized ART, a low level of HIV-1 RNA, i.e., low-level viremia (LLV), may still be
identified in 3% to 10% of the patients. LLV is capable of impacting the immunological and clinical
outcomes of patients and serves as a risk factor for transmission. The underlying mechanism of LLV
is not yet certain, and the effects of LLV on patient outcomes remain under evaluation. Understanding
LLV will allow effective prevention and control strategies to be designed for the benefit of
PLWH.
Recent Development in the Synthesis of Thiazoles
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Chung Nguyen Thi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Thiazole-containing compounds are widely found in natural products as
well as synthetic sources. Many thiazole-based compounds possess a broad spectrum of
bioactivities, and some of them are well-known drugs in the markets. The use of thiazole
derivatives in other fields such as organic materials, cosmetics, and organic synthesis has also
been widely reported. Due to a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of thiazole-containing
compounds has attracted extensive interest from chemists, and many studies in the synthesis of
thiazole skeleton have been reported recently.

Objective:

This review article will discuss recent studies in the synthesis of thiazoles (from 2012).
Besides the well-established Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, a large number of novel methods have
been developed for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives. In most cases, reaction mechanisms have
also been described.

Conclusion:

The synthesis of thiazole derivatives has drawn great attention from chemists, and
many studies in the synthesis of these heterocycles have been reported recently. The classical
method, the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis has received great research interest from chemists.
Moreover, many new methods have been established to synthesize thiazole-derived compounds.
Unquestionably, more and more approaches to access thiazole skeleton will appear in the
literature. The application of well-established thiazole synthesis methods to the synthesis of
drugs, organic materials, and natural products will almost certainly be studied.
A Seven-Joint Ultrasound Score for Differentiating Between Rheumatoid
and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Sapundzhieva Tanya , Sapundzhiev Lyubomir , Karalilova Rositsa , Batalov Anastas
Published: February 2022

Background:

Differentiating between seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psori-atic arthritis (PsA) presenting only with the involvement of the small joints of the hands can be challenging. Implementing musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) to reveal specific patterns of joint and tendon involvement may have an added value in the management of early arthritis.

Objective:

The aim was to investigate whether a seven-joint US score was able to distinguish be-tween patients with RA and PsA.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and forty-one patients with RA, 65 patients with PsA, and 45 healthy controls (HC) were included in the current study. US assessment of the wrist, second and third metacarpophalangeal, second and third proximal interphalangeal joint, second and fifth meta-tarsophalangeal joint was performed, and the following scores were calculated: synovitis and teno-synovitis/paratenonitis scores on grayscale ultrasound (GSUS) and on power Doppler (PD) US, ero-sion score, US7 score.

Results:

RA patients had significantly higher median scores of GS synovitis, PD synovitis, ero-sions, and US7 than PsA patients (p < 0.001). PsA patients had significantly higher median scores of GS tenosynovitis/paratenonitis and PD tenosynovitis/paratenonitis (p < 0.001). All US scores were significantly higher for both patient groups as compared to the HC group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion::

Sonographic evaluation by a seven-joint score can be helpful in the differentiation be-tween rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.
Developing and Implementing an mHealth Heart Failure Self-care Program to Reduce Readmissions: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Johnson Amber E , Routh Shuvodra , Taylor Christy N , Leopold Meagan , Beatty Kathryn , McNamara Dennis M , Davis Esa M
Published: February 2022

Background

Patients admitted with decompensated heart failure (HF) are at risk for hospital readmission and poor quality of life during the discharge period. Lifestyle behavior modifications that promote the self-management of chronic cardiac diseases have been associated with an improved quality of life. However, whether a mobile health (mHealth) program can assist patients in the self-management of HF during the acute posthospital discharge period is unknown.

Objective

We aimed to develop an mHealth program designed to enhance patients’ self-management of HF by increasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and symptom detection. We hypothesized that patients hospitalized with HF would be willing to use a feasibly deployed mHealth program after their hospital discharge.

Methods

We employed a patient-centered outcomes research methodology to design a stakeholder-informed mHealth program. Adult patients with HF admitted to a large academic hospital were enrolled and randomized to receive the mHealth intervention versus usual care. Our feasibility outcomes included ease of program deployment, use of the clinical escalation process, duration of participant recruitment, and participant attrition. Surveys assessing the demographics and clinical characteristics of HF were measured at baseline and at 30 and 90 days after discharge.

Results

The study period was between July 1, 2019, and April 7, 2020. The mean cohort (N=31) age was 60.4 (range 22-85) years. Over half of the participants were men (n=18, 58%) and 77% (n=24) were White. There were no significant differences in baseline measures. We determined that an educational mHealth program tailored for patients with HF is feasibly deployed and acceptable by patients. Though not significant, we found notable trends including a higher mean quality of life at 30 days posthospitalization among program users and a longer duration before rehospitalization, which are suggestive of better HF prognosis.

Conclusions

Our mHealth tool should be further assessed in a larger comparative effectiveness trial. Our pilot intervention offers promise as an innovative means to help HF patients lead healthy, independent lives. These preliminary data suggest that patient-centered mHealth tools can enable high-risk patients to play a role in the management of their HF after discharge.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03982017; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03982017
Using the Stay Strong App for the Well-being of Indigenous Australian Prisoners: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Perdacher Elke , Kavanagh David , Sheffield Jeanie , Healy Karyn , Dale Penny , Heffernan Edward
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The gap between mental health needs and resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the Indigenous people of Australia, is most marked in the prison population. Indigenous people are overrepresented in Australian prisons. In prison, this group experiences mental disorders to a greater degree than non-Indigenous prisoners. This group has also been found to experience mental disorder at a higher rate than Indigenous people in the community. In addition to pre-existing determinants of poor mental health, these high prevalence rates may reflect poor engagement in mainstream interventions or the efficacy of available interventions. In community populations, the use of digital mental health resources may help to increase access to well-being support. However, culturally appropriate digital tools have not been available to Indigenous people in prisons. The absence of feasibility and efficacy studies of these tools needs to be addressed.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of the Stay Strong app as a digital well-being and mental health tool for use by Indigenous people in prison.

METHODS

Dual government agency (health and corrective services) precondition requirements of implementation were identified and resolved. This was essential given that the Stay Strong app was to be delivered by an external health agency to Indigenous prisoners. Then, acceptability at a practice level was tested using postuse qualitative interviews with clients and practitioners of the Indigenous Mental Health Intervention Program. All Indigenous Mental Health Intervention Program practitioners (10/37, 27%) and client participants who had completed their second follow-up (review of the Stay Strong app; 27/37, 73%) during the study period were invited to participate.

RESULTS

Owing to the innovative nature of this project, identifying and resolving the precondition requirements of implementation was challenging but provided support for the implementation of the app in practice. Acceptability of the app by clients and practitioners at a practice level was demonstrated, with nine themes emerging across the interviews: satisfaction with the current Stay Strong app, supported client goal setting, increased client self-insight, improved client empowerment, cultural appropriateness, enhanced engagement, ease of use, problems with using an Android emulator, and recommendations to improve personalization.

CONCLUSIONS

The Stay Strong Custody Project is a pioneering example of digital mental health tools being implemented within Australian prisons. Using the app within high-security prison settings was found to be feasible at both strategic and practice levels. Feedback from both clients and practitioners supported the use of the app as a culturally safe digital mental health and well-being tool for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in prison.
The establishment of a reference geodetic network made of closed polygonometric quadrangles and designated for landslide slopes
Authors: Simonyan Vladimir V. , Volkov Victor V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. A reference geodetic network in the form of a closed polygonometric quadrangle is established at the Karamyshevsky landslide slope in Moscow for the purpose of repeated geodetic observations of landslide displacements. The purpose of the study is to show that the reference geodetic network in the form of closed polygonometric quadrangles can be implemented for landslide slopes along with other linear and angular methods.

Materials and methods. Accurate or high-precision electronic total stations, such as Leica, Sokkia, Topcon, etc. are used to take field measurements. In this case, all four corners and all four sides are to be measured. There are three redundant measurements in this polygon of polygonometry to ensure the reliable control of the field work quality. It is advisable to equalize this polygon using the correlate type of the least squares method for the two reasons. First, to calculate the acceptable residuals, it is necessary to make an appropriate conditional equation, i.e. implement the most important and time-consuming part of the correlate method algorithm. Second, in the process of the algorithm implementation, the correlate method allows to obtain the inverse weights of equalized measurements, whose comparison with the inverse weights of unbalanced measurements provides a visual representation of the quality of the geometry of the designed network.

Results. The mathematical processing of the results of geodetic measurements of the reference network in the form of closed polygonometric quadrangles using the method of least squares is quite complex and requires a computer technology and appropriate software. However if they are available, the problem is solved unambiguously and very accurately, which particularly important.

Conclusions. The construction of reference geodetic networks in the form of closed polygonometric quadrangles for observing landslide displacements can be recommended for other landslide slopes.
Madurez tecnológica de la generación Z: reto de la transformación digital en Colombia
Authors: Mejía-Delgado Oscar Armando , Mejía-Delgado Yury Yasmin
Published: February 2022

Las diferencias generacionales son consideradas la causa principal que determina la capacidad de interacción con nuevas tecnologías. El concepto de «nativo digital» ha tomado fuerza y visibilidad en ciertas áreas de conocimiento tales como ingenierías y tecnología, ciencias de la salud, ciencias sociales y administrativas, entre otras. Por tal motivo, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la madurez digital de la generación Z en Colombia, a partir de la correlación existente entre el conocimiento sobre la transformación digital, la apropiación de tecnologías digitales, la experiencia e intención de uso de herramientas digitales en el futuro. El enfoque del estudio fue cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, de carácter transversal, donde además se realizó un cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos, el cual fue suministrado, vía internet, a 250 personas. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que las variables de análisis como el conocimiento sobre la transformación digital, la experiencia de uso de herramientas digitales y la intención de uso en el futuro, aportan y están relacionadas de forma significativa con la madurez tecnológica de la generación Z. La evidencia proporcionada valida el comportamiento tradicional de adopción de nuevas tecnologías, donde, esta investigación contribuye al área de administración y gestión tecnológica argumentando que el nivel de madurez tecnológica de la generación Z impacta de manera directa cualquier estrategia de transformación digital empresarial.
Spatial-temporal dynamics and recovery mechanisms of dried soil layers under Robinia pseudoacacia forest based on in-situ field data from 2017-2020
Authors: He Meina , Wang Yunqiang , Wang Li , Jia Xiaoxu , Zhao Chunlei , Zhang Ping
Published: February 2022

Planting Robinia pseudoacacia in water-limited regions can promote soil
and water conservation and improve ecological service function. However,
it can also cause the formation of below-ground dried soil layers
(DSLs), causing land degradation and tree mortality. To ascertain the
spatial-temporal dynamics and recovery processes of DSLs, we monitored
the deep soil water content (SWC) to a depth of 500 cm at 27 sites on a
typical R. pseudoacacia forest (planted in 2003) hillslope from
2017–2020, and calculated the evaluation indices of DSLs based on plant
and soil criteria. We found that, compared to plant criterion
identified-DSLs, the degree of soil criterion identified-DSLs was more
severe, although the spatial-temporal characteristics were similar.
Severe soil desiccation was identified in the forest as 79% of the 500
cm profile drying out below 101 cm. During the study period, the mean
thickness of DSLs and mean SWC within DSLs were 397 cm and 9.0%,
respectively, and the quantitative index of DSLs reached level III
(> 0.51, severe DSLs). All DSL indices demonstrated weak or
moderate variability in space and strong variability in time.
Interestingly, two rainfall events triggered DSL disappearance at seven
sites, indicating the possibility of DSL recovery under heavy rainfall.
Possible mechanisms explaining the DSLs recovery phenomenon were linked
with continued rainfall, micro-topography, soil texture, individual root
characteristics, and their interactions. This information is helpful for
soil water management and land development in planted forests and for
reclaiming DSLs under similar conditions.
Reduced social pressure and lack of capacity deteriorate vaccination compliance - The case of Lumpy Skin Disease
Authors: Morgenstern Michal , Sok Jaap , Klement E.
Published: February 2022

Successful prevention of epidemics depends on vaccine compliance and the
resultant maintenance of high vaccination coverage for long periods.
However, to the best of our knowledge, a study of the temporal dynamics
of compliance in voluntary vaccination campaigns and of the factors
which influence them was never published. In this study, we investigated
the factors influencing the dynamics of vaccination compliance against
lumpy skin disease (LSD) after the occurrence of LSD epidemics in Israel
in 2012-2013 and 2019. From 2016 to 2019, we followed voluntary LSD
annual vaccination among a cohort of 566 farmers and used questionnaires
based on the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the incentives
influencing vaccine compliance among 90 farmers. The results showed a
reduction in vaccination against LSD from 61% in 2016 to 27% in 2019
and a very strong association between prior vaccination and vaccination
compliance. The actual vaccination by farmers who stated a positive
intention to vaccinate was 4.5 times higher than farmers who did not
(p-value=0.007). However, half of the highly intended farmers eventually
didn’t vaccinate their herd. These farmers were significantly more
concerned by manpower and vaccine price compared to their vaccinating
counterparts, pointing to vaccination effort perceptions as a major
factor influencing compliance. In addition, we found that farmers who
answered the questionnaires before the epidemic of 2019 perceived
significantly less pressure to vaccinate imposed by veterinary
organizations (private and governmental) than farmers answering them
during or after the epidemic. We conclude that the
veterinarian-associated social pressure is a major compliance-enhancing
factor, influenced by the occurrence of an epidemic. Our findings
suggest that the deterioration of vaccination compliance after an
epidemic can be mitigated by maintenance of pressure to vaccinate by
veterinarians. Manpower support and vaccine discounts may be advocated
to promote vaccine compliance.
Forensic Profiling Analogue Approach for the Investigation of Natural Hazards – A Case Study from Onokoba Elementary School, Unzen Volcano, Japan
Authors: Bradák Balázs , Gomez Christopher , Shinohara Yoshinori , Hotta Norifumi
Published: February 2022

Internal temperature variations of pyroclastic flows and their deposits are arguably the most challenging data to acquire. As a preliminary study of the temperature variation inside pyroclastic flows, the remains of Onokoba Elementary School (Shimabara, Japan) were investigated. The elementary school is located in the close vicinity of Unzen volcano and was hit by one of the largest pyroclastic flows during the latest active period of the volcano on 15th of September 1991. This present preliminary study aims to determine the temperature exposure of various portion of the school building using field-forensic and urban geology. Natural hazard methods applied to the damaged materials exposed to high temperature have generated a temperature fingerprint the maximum temperature distribution. Charred wooden parts and plastic gutters installed on the schoolyard-side faced of the building turns out to be the most useful temperature indicators. The various deformation and alterations of the studied materials show significant differences in the temperature exposed to. Such differences on the second-floor section (between 75-110°C and 120-150°C) and on the first-floor section (above 435-557°C) of the building do not simply imply significant temperature heterogeneity in short distance (some ten to ≤100 m) inside the pyroclastic flow, but also points toward the possible effects of the building architecture on some key dynamic parameter of the pyroclastic flow. Such information may be important for planning future hazard mitigation actions.
The Study of Food Security in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Harini Rika , Sukri Irwansyah , Ariani Rina Dwi , Faroh Elya Pratiwi Isti , Nadia Hayyun , Kafafa Utia
Published: February 2022

Food security is a burden to realize sustainable development in achieving the zerohunger goal. This study aimed to examine the distribution of food security levels and the factors that influence the level of food security in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Quantitative analysis was carried out in this study based on secondary data. The method of determining food security was carried out by applying the concept of the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) which consists of three food pillars, namely food availability, access, and utilization. The results proved that Gunungkidul Regency was the area with the highest score for food availability, while the lowest were Bantul and Sleman. On the pillars of food access and food utilization, the highest was in Sleman, while the lowest was in Gunungkidul. The value of food security from the highest were the City of Yogyakarta (84.47), Sleman Regency (82.37), Bantul (79, 51), Gunungkidul (79.31), and Kulon Progo (79.03). All areas in DIY are included in very good food security. Food security policies need to be directed at handling food-poor households in villages through increasing knowledge about nutrition. Meanwhile in urban areas, it can be done through expanding job opportunities and community empowerment.
STRATEGI DAKWAH KULTURAL NAHDLATUL ULAMA DAN MUHAMMADIYAH DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Basit Abdul
Published: February 2022

Conceptually, the cultural da'wa (preaching) of NU and Muham- madiyah are based on bilhikmah (wisdom) principle stated in Guran. Since it was founded, NU has applied that principle as it can be seen from the da'wa by Walisongo: whereas Muhammadiyah formally present cultural da'wa as a discourse in 2002. In the application, NU cultural da'wa in Banyumas Regency is focused on the process of purification and tajdid of Nahdliyin's religious understanding and attitudes, while Muhammadiyah cultural da'wa in Banyumas Regency is focused on the diversification of da'wa methods. In addition, NU cultural da'wa is appied through oral da'wa, written da'wa, and direct practice in the society. Similari methods of da'wa is also done my Muhammadiyah. However, socialization through the organization can be cieariy seen in Muhammadiyah cultural da'wa. Although there are some differences in the socialization and application, the strategy of cultural da'wa is relevan to be applied in the plural society such as in Indonesia because cultural da'wa promotes a da'wa which is peaceful, humanistic, and accommodating to local culture.
Futuros y voces ciudadanas diversas en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Padilla de la Torre María Rebeca
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se recupera la experiencia de la pandemia a través de las voces de las audiencias en los noticieros de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México. Se aplica un análisis crítico de su participación en torno a las inquietudes que surgieron cuando se identificaron los primeros contagios sobre la desigualdad e injustica social, la infodemia, la politización y la polarización que caracterizaron las narrativas en torno a esta crisis sanitaria. Este enfoque abre la reflexión sobre los derechos de las audiencias y la relevancia de evaluar a los medios como plataformas para el discurso democrático.
Por un campo de Estudios Feministas de Comunicación
Authors: Vasen Ezequiel , Harvey Alison
Published: February 2022

.
Pentecostalismo y política en Cipolletti
Authors: Villarreal Cristián Damián
Published: February 2022

El debate por la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo en Argentina, entre el 2018 y 2020, generó movilizaciones en contra y favor para legislar en materia de derechos reproductivos. En este contexto, las iglesias pentecostales en la ciudad de Cipolletti, Río Negro, intervinieron en el espacio social para manifestar sus posiciones en contra del proyecto de ley. Por lo cual, este trabajo indaga en las prácticas sociales que llevaron a cabo los pastores pentecostales de Cipolletti para legitimar sus discursos en la lucha simbólica por el orden de la sociedad.
Pathology in Practice
Authors: McAloney Camille A. , Zitzer Nina C. , Taikowski Katherine L. , Breen Matthew , Kennedy Katherine A. , Wellman Maxey L. , Hokamp Jessica A.
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Pathology in Practice
Authors: Morey-Matamalas Antonia , Adamany Jessica L. , Caudal Victor , Corbetta Davide , Ortiz Ana L.
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Pathology in Practice
Authors: Palić Jelena , Unterer Stefan , Geisen Vera , Busch Kathrin
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Editorial
Authors: Da Silva Lucas , Ferreira António
Published: February 2022

This special issue of University of Porto Journal of Engineering contains selected papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Science and Technology Education STE 2021, held at Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Portugal, during 7-8 October 2021.

This conference is held every two years. The conference is co-chaired by António Ferreira (University of Porto, Portugal) and Lucas F. M. da Silva (University of Porto, Portugal). The goal of the conference is to provide an international forum for the sharing, dissemination and discussion of research, experience and perspectives across a wide range of teaching and learning issues. About 50 papers were presented by researchers from nearly 20 countries.

In order to disseminate the work presented at STE 2021, selected papers were prepared which resulted in the present special issue. Various topics are covered resulting in seven papers dealing with learning mechanisms (first two papers), learning systems (one paper) and diversity and inclusiveness (last four papers). The papers presented here are good examples of the latest trends related to science and technology education.

The editors wish to thank all the authors for their participation and cooperation, which made this volume possible. Finally, they would like to thank the team of FEUP library, especially Luís Miguel Costa and Palmira Seixas, for the excellent cooperation during the preparation of this issue.
Intelligence, Beliefs on IQ and Learning Style predict Academic Performance in Mechanical Engineering Students
Authors: Jahanian Najafabadi Amir , Imani Hadis , Beygi Reza , Lopes António Mendes , Da Silva Lucas Filipe Martins
Published: February 2022

In this study we aimed to investigate whether beliefs on intelligence, intelligence quotient, and learning styles predict academic performance among students in mechanical engineering. For this purpose, forty-two students from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Porto were recruited among the available population. Participants responded to the measurement of this study via a Google form and on a voluntary basis. To investigate our hypothesis, beliefs on intelligence inventory, learning style questionnaire, Raven’s Progressive Matrices IQ test and their GPA as an indicator of their academic performance were used. Correlation analysis revealed significant effects between reflector learning style and academic achievement. Multiple regression also revealed a significant main effect of the reflector learning style on academic performance (p = .044). This study further revealed no significant correlation between other learning styles, beliefs on intelligence, intelligence quotient and academic performance.
Teaching and Learning Sciences within the Covid-19 Pandemic Era in a Greek University Department
Authors: Rizos Ioannis , Gkrekas Nikolaos
Published: February 2022

Around the globe Covid-19 pandemic has influenced not only the education, but also our everyday life, among other aspects. In Greece, distance learning started to get in use widely in tertiary education, since the first national lockdown was announced and reshaped education in many ways. In the University of Thessaly, in the Department of Mathemat­ics, undergraduate students opt for a lot of different courses to attend and due to the Covid-19 crisis all of them are taught via web platforms. Some of the most significant theoreti­cal subjects are «Calculus» (with applications in Science and Mechanics), «Physics» (Classi­cal Mechanics) and «Philosophy of Science». In addition, some other applied subjects are «Programming Languages» and «Digital Technologies in Mathematics Education» and the impact the above have, generally in edu­cation and society itself. In this paper, we describe the different ways students have re­acted regarding learning Sciences in a distance learning environment. We split our case study in two parts. The first one is about the way students experience e-learning and the second one is about their suggestions for the next day. Integrating e-questionnaires and interviews and taking into account parameters like economic factors and the permanent residence issue, we asked the students about their preferences among face-to-face learning, distance learning and a blended model. Remarks about the academic life and the possible ways of taking the extra step, after the Covid-19 crisis ceases to exist, are made.
O silêncio do suicídio em idosos
Authors: Asevedo Elson
Published: February 2022

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Os transtornos alimentares nos sistemas classificatórios atuais: DSm-5 e CID-11
Authors: Hiluy João , Nunes Fernanda Trombini , Pedrosa Maria Amalia Accari , Appolinario Jose C.
Published: February 2022

Os transtornos alimentares (TA) são caracterizados por um distúrbio persistente do comportamento alimentar ou relacionado à alimentação, que resulta em consumo ou absorção alterados de alimentos e prejudica significativamente a saúde física ou o funcionamento psicossocial. Para uma adequada classificação e categorização dos TA, manuais de critérios diagnósticos descrevem os TA e seus critérios diagnósticos, de modo a orientar o clínico na sua prática para um diagnóstico preciso. Assim, os principais sistemas classificatórios atuais – a 5ª edição do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-5) e a 11ª edição da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-11) – trazem um capítulo destinado aos TA. No presente artigo, trazemos as definições dos TA, bem como as características, semelhanças e diferenças entre os dois manuais diagnósticos, de modo a guiar o clínico em sua prática cotidiana.
Taxas de mortalidade por suicídio, doença cerebrovascular, doença isquêmica do coração e doença crônica de vias aéreas superiores em idosos brasileiros: uma análise temporal de 20 anos
Authors: Costa Carolina Martins , Bitencourt Maira Oliveira , Bello Alexandre Ferreira , Diaz Alexandre Paim
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Investigar a tendência das taxas de suicídio em idosos brasileiros em um período de 20 anos em relação às principais causas de mortalidade nessa população. Métodos: Nesta análise de tendência temporal, dados sobre o número de óbitos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do DATASUS. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas com dados obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade em idosos por suicídio e para as três principais causas de mortalidade no ano de início do período de investigação (1996), estratificadas por sexo e faixa etária. Para estimar a tendência temporal, foi utilizada regressão linear simples. Resultados: Encontramos um aumento significativo nas taxas de suicídio para homens e mulheres entre 60 e 69 anos de idade, além de redução significativa nas taxas de mortalidade por doença cerebrovascular, doença isquêmica do coração e doença crônica de vias aéreas superiores na mesma faixa etária. Conclusão: É possível que políticas públicas para a redução dos fatores de risco e acesso ao tratamento tenham tido um impacto na redução da mortalidade pordoença cerebrovascular, doença isquêmica do coração e doença crônica de vias aéreas superiores em idosos. A redução da mortalidade por suicídio provavelmente exigirá um direcionamento semelhante em relação à saúde mental.
Fobia social em estudantes de medicina submetidos ao método de ensinoaprendizagem baseada em problemas no estado de Sergipe
Authors: Andrade Mayana Lula , Silveira Kamila Maria de Andrade Santos , Santos Júnior Eusébio Lino dos , Ferro Neto Paulo Milhomem , Pimentel Deborah
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de fobia social e das principais situações sociais que a caracterizam e que cursam com  sintomas de ansiedade, medo ou evitação em estudantes de medicina submetidos à metodologia de ensino aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) no estado de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de um recorte de um estudo clínico não experimental, exploratório, transversal, descritivo e de abordagem analítica quantitativa. Obtivemos uma amostra de 323 alunos, sendo o nosso universo todos os estudantes de medicina do estado de Sergipe cuja instituição de ensino adote o método de ABP. Para avaliação dos alunos, utilizamos um questionário específico e a Escala de Fobia Social de Liebowitz. Resultados: A fobia social foi detectada em 30,7% dos estudantes, com maior prevalência para a gravidade moderada. Dentro do perfil epidemiológico, o sexo feminino, os solteiros e os alunos com idade entre 18 e 25 anos foram aqueles com maior prevalência da doença. As principais situações sociais temidas no que se refere a medo ou ansiedade foram expressar discordância ou desaprovação para alguém e o de falar com alguém que não conhece. As situações sociais mais frequentemente evitadas foram expressar discordância ou desaprovação, falar com pessoas desconhecidas e ser o centro das atenções. Conclusão: A fobia social teve uma alta prevalência entre a amostra de universitários do curso de medicinasubmetidos à metodologia ABP, em Sergipe, com maior destaque para a gravidade moderada do transtorno. Com este estudo, pretendemos colocar o tema em evidência e incentivar novos trabalhos sobre o mesmo.
Afastamento do trabalho por depressão em docentes da rede pública
Authors: Barros Amanda Oliveira , Barros Alina Lúcia Oliveira , Mattos Roberta Machado Pimentel Rebello des , Santana Beatriz Rayane Oliveira , Barreto Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho , Pimentel Déborah
Published: February 2022

A depressão é um transtorno de humor de prevalência crescente, capaz de reduzir a produtividade profissional do indivíduo em 10% e considerada uma das doenças mais incapacitantes. No Brasil, atinge 11,5 milhões de pessoas e é uma das maiores causas de afastamento do trabalho. Uma das profissões vulneráveis é o magistério, que lida com baixa remuneração, falta de recursos materiais e estrutura, alta carga horária, excesso de cobrança, entre outras questões. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil dos docentes da rede pública que se afastaram por depressão, entre 2009 e 2017, bem como avaliar as características do afastamento e o índice de reincidência. A coleta foi realizada através do banco de dados informatizado da perícia médica da Secretaria de Estado do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão de Sergipe e incluiu 239 docentes. Esses profissionais eram predominantemente do sexo feminino, com ensino superior completo, casados e de meia-idade. A depressão foi a principal causa de afastamento do trabalho, quando comparada aos demais transtornos mentais. A carga horária cumprida foi de 200 horas mensais, com tempo médio de serviço de 18,5 anos e média de 194,5 dias de afastamento, sendo o código F32 da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde, 10ª edição (CID-10), o mais prevalente. Mais da metade dos profissionais apresentou reincidência, perfazendo média de 4,04 recidivas por docente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa singular, a respeito de uma realidade pouco estudada no cenário nacional e nunca estudada em Sergipe, que impõe a necessidade de investigação imediata, de forma a facilitar o planejamento e a implementação de melhorias.