bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serum B12 Levels among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B  Azadi  Teaching  Hospital,  Duhok., Adam Nahrain Azarya , Sulaiman Dhia Mustafa ,   Assistant professor of clinical biochemistry, Duhok teaching center, Duhok Polytechnique University, Salih Sherwan Ferman ,   ssistant professor of clinical biochemistry, department ofmedical chemistry, Collage of Medicine, University of Duhok
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives: Vitamin B12 insufficiency is widespread among type 2 diabetic people. Advanced age of patients, malnutrition, and malabsorption are the causative factors. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes raised levels of homocysteine & estimation of homocysteine will represent the metabolic status of B12. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of B12 in relation with homocysteine levels and Insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regardless type of treatment used in treating diabetes. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study at Dohuk Azadi teaching hospital (biochemistry department)/Dohuk city from (February 2022. - August 2022), offering questionnaire randomly we collected 138 subjects and biochemical tests include (B12 assay, fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homocysteine) with measuring of Body Mass Index. Exclusion criteria: Age < 18 years old, using vitamin B/multi vitamins, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, debilitating diseases, alcohol intake. Results: the sample (138) was divided into 2 groups: Type 2 Diabetes Miletus (70) patients & apparently healthy subjects (68). The difference was significant in age (51.24±9.27 vs29.57±7.2 years, p<.05), B12 (252.05±83.7vs337.03±121.6 pg/ml, p<.01), Homocysteine (13.493±4.8 vs 10.041±2.2 μmol/L, p<.01), insulin resistance (6.82±2.0 vs 1.47±0.56, p<.001). ), there was a significant negative correlation between serum B12 and age, BMI, insulin resistance and serum homocysteine p value <0.01. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is frequent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Yearly screening for vitamin B12 deficit using serum homocysteine and supplement should be adopted among diabetes individuals with risk factors of vitamin B12 insufficiency.
Evaluation of the outcome of proximal femoral nail in the treatment of unstable Intertrochanteric fracture in adult
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.C.M.S.(ortho) Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University., Saeed Omar Ameen
Published: March 2024

Background & Objectives: The incidence of intertrochanteric fractures among elderly patients is expected to be increased even further with the advancing age of the population, proximal femoral nail was introduced as a method of treatment for this fracture, which is currently the most effective surgical method. The goal is to find out the role of a proximal femoral nail in treating intertrochanteric fractures and assess the advantages and complications of this treatment method. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on seventy patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with Proximal femoral nails at Erbil teaching hospital. They were followed up for one year, from (May 2016 to May 2017). Patients were examined for the union of fracture and complications clinically and radiologically. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score. Results: Total number of 70 patients were included in this study, 44 (62.85%) were females, and 26 (37.15%) were males. The mean operative time was (90.885 min. ±11.38SD). Infection developed in (1.42%) of the patients. The most common complication was Varus malalignment which was found in (5.7%) of the cases. Harris Hip Score-based findings were excellent-good in (85.7%) of patients Conclusion: Proximal femoral nail is a relatively effective treatment possibility for most unstable intertrochanteric fractures with good biological stabilization, better short-term outcomes, and minimal complications.
Evaluation of Psychological Disorders in patients with Oral Lichen Planus; a Case Control Study.
Authors:   BDS. KHCMS Candidate of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Erbil center, Saeed Alaa Khalid , Ahmad Shaheen Ali ,   BDS. Assistant Prof. Msc Oral medicine, KBMS fellowship in oral & maxillofacial medicine. Erbil cente Research supervisor.
Published: March 2024

Background and objective; Interest in the idea that immunological pathways may be involved in the etiology of subset of psychotic disorders has grown over the past few decades. The goal of this study was to investigate the psychiatric issues in individuals with oral lichen planus.  Method; This is a case control study which has been done at Oral & Maxillofacial medicine department in Khanzad Teaching Center and Erbil Dermatology Center between January 1st and August 1st, 2022. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 questionnaires were used to assess the psychological condition of patients with oral lichen planus. The sample consists of 100 participants, 50 of whom have oral lichen planus and 50 of healthy controls. Results: There were considerable differences between the two groups, according to the oral lichen planus the values for stress (50%), anxiety (22%), and depression (34%), whereas the values in the control group were [stress (20%), anxiety (0.0%), and depression (20%)].  Among the cases, (90.0%) had only oral lesions and (76.0%) of which had symptoms. Anxiety, and stress had statistical significance relation (0.002, 0.001) respectively in patients with symptomatic lesions (erosive and atrophic type) that produce pain and discomfort. Conclusion: The autoimmune diseases including the oral lichen planus has correlation with psychological factors, this research has shown the unfavorable impact of these oral lesions on the patient's psyche.
Optimum Mode of Delivery in Gestations Complicated by Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane During 32-37 weeks of Gestation
Authors:   MBChB, KBMS/Obstetrics and Gynecology trainee, Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq., Mohammed Baqi Shana Pishtiwan , Khalil Rozhan Yassin ,   MBChB, FICS, HDOG, FICOG, GABOG, Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine/University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives: Preterm premature rupture of membrane is amniotic fluid leakage due to fetal membrane rupture before 37 gestational weeks. The aim was to know the optimum mode of delivery in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed on 50 pregnant ladies with a gestational age of 32-37 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membrane admitted to the Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022. Demographic features, medical history,mode of delivery and neonatal outcome were recorded . Results: The mean±SD (standard deviation) of maternal ages was 27.2±5.8 years (ranging from 16 to 38). The mean±SD of gravidity, parity, and abortus was 2.9±1.95, 1.6±1.7, and 1.4±0.6, respectively. The associations of women's age, residency, occupation, educational level, parity, and past medical history with mode of delivery were statistically insignificant (p-values of >0.05). The association of the indications of C/Ss with the delivery outcome was statistically significant (p-value of <0.001). The associations of gestational ages at rupture and birth did not affect the delivery outcome (p-values of >0.05). Besides, the fetal outcome did not affect the delivery outcome, except for fetal gender significantly (p-value = 0.05) affected the delivery outcome. Conclusions:The associations between indications of cesarean section and fetal gender with mode of delivery were statistically significant in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane between 32-37 gestational weeks.
Escherichia coli PRODUTORA DE TOXINA SHIGA: MANEJO NA POPULAÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Freire Rodrigo José Bumussa , Fernandes Maria Isabel Moreira , Nóbrega Filho Ricardo Vilar Wanderley , Costa Karla Leticia Santos da Silva , Moreira Gabriela Brahim , Santos Luísa Santana , Leite Társila Almeida , Laranja Mariana Menezes , Galvão Mateus Felipe Gois , Soares Carísia Feitosa , Azevedo Raphael Silva , Oliveira Bruna Fernandes Lassi de , Teixeira Letícia Fernandes , Santos Victor da Silva , Santiago Solano Kaluangila Andrelino , Miranda Neto Ocílio Peixôto de
Published: March 2024

Introdução: Este artigo oferece uma revisão abrangente do manejo e tratamento da Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) na população pediátrica, com ênfase nas transformações ocorridas na última década. Inicialmente, introduzimos o conceito de STEC e sua relevância clínica, destacando a vulnerabilidade das crianças a complicações graves como a síndrome hemolítica urêmica (SHU). Objetivo: Analisar as abordagens contemporâneas e as opções de tratamento modernas, incluindo terapias medicamentosas e estratégias de suporte, e avaliar sua eficácia e impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos. Metodologia: Consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, abordando estudos clínicos, revisões e diretrizes de prática clínica até a data mais recente. Esta abordagem permitiu uma comparação entre as práticas de tratamento utilizadas, evidenciando um avanço significativo no entendimento e na gestão dessa infecção em crianças. Discussão/Resultados: Revelam uma evolução nas estratégias de tratamento, desde abordagens predominantemente de suporte para métodos mais direcionados e potencialmente modificadoras da doença. Destacam-se o desenvolvimento de técnicas diagnósticas avançadas, a utilização de anticorpos monoclonais contra a toxina Shiga, e a implementação de terapias de suporte avançado. No entanto, apesar dos avanços, são discutidas as limitações, incluindo os custos elevados e a acessibilidade restrita dessas terapias, além de seus impactos variáveis na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: Enfatiza a importância de uma abordagem integral no tratamento da infecção por STEC na população pediátrica, considerando tanto os avanços terapêuticos quanto as necessidades práticas, econômicas e psicossociais dos pacientes e suas famílias. Ressalta-se a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para explorar terapias inovadoras e avaliar seu impacto a longo prazo na saúde e bem-estar das crianças afetadas, com o objetivo de otimizar os desfechos clínicos e melhorar a qualidade de vida pediátrica.
ABORDAGEM CIRÚRGICA DA SÍNDROME DA APNEIA E HIPOPNEIA OBSTRUTIVA DO SONO
Authors: Silva Vanessa Fernanda da , Dainesi Eduardo Alvares , Kawauchi Márcia Yuri
Published: March 2024

Diante do aumento gradativo de pessoas obesas na população mundial, os problemas de saúde relativos à este cenário começaram a despontar sérias preocupações no âmbito da saúde pública. Neste contexto, a Síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono, tem-se caracterizada muitas vezes como uma consequência relacionada à obesidade e nem sempre diagnosticada. O ronco e a presença de sonolência diurna excessiva consistem em fortes indicadores da presença desta síndrome. Desta forma, a necessidade de se conhecer melhor e de se difundir informações sobre a síndrome fez com que este trabalho de revisão de literatura fosse elaborado. Assim, este estudo visa apresentar as abordagens cirúrgicas relacionadas ao tratamento desta síndrome. Para tanto, após um levantamento realizado nos bancos de dados do PUBMED, Cochrane e da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, dos últimos cinco anos, 11 artigos foram selecionados. Da análise destes artigos, procurou-se apresentar as ponderações descritas sobre as indicações e as limitações das abordagens cirúrgicas.
ANÁLISE DAS TÉCNICAS CIRÚRGICAS E COMPLICAÇÕES DA HÉRNIA ENCARCERADA
Authors: Alcântara Lucas Oliveira Nepomuceno de , Ribeiro Lucas Belani , Rocha Charlize Dias , Barbosa Gabriela Darcila Figueira , Marcelino João Victor Sola Barreto , Costa Vitoria Azevedo , Costa Leandro Jaime Barreto , Varão Álvaro Henrique Silva , Milhomem João Paulo Lopes , Oliveira Gislayne de Araujo Guedes , Elias Mariana Presot , Nunes Júlia dos Santos , Oliveira Lucas Xavier Farias de
Published: March 2024

Introdução: Hérnias ocorrem quando órgãos ou tecidos se projetam através de aberturas na parede muscular, resultando em protuberâncias visíveis. Podem surgir em várias partes do corpo, como a região abdominal, sendo mais comuns na virilha e umbigo. Objetivo: Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as técnicas cirúrgicas e complicações da hernia encarcerada. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e revisional. Utilizou-se questão de pesquisa específica para busca em bases como PubMed e SciELO, com termos de indexação e palavras-chave pertinentes. Foram analisados estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, submetidos a critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados extraídos foram sintetizados para identificar padrões e lacunas na literatura, visando contribuir para avanços na área. Resultados: Diversas técnicas cirúrgicas estão disponíveis para corrigir hérnias encarceradas, como herniorrafia e hernioplastia. Contudo, essas intervenções podem acarretar complicações, tais como obstrução intestinal, isquemia, infecção e raras perfurações intestinais. Portanto, é essencial escolher a abordagem cirúrgica adequada para evitar complicações graves. Conclusão: A hérnia encarcerada, com suas sérias complicações como obstrução intestinal e isquemia, requer abordagens cirúrgicas específicas. Logo, é crucial entender as implicações de cada técnica cirúrgica, promovendo estudos para mitigar riscos. Além disso, a individualização do tratamento, a conscientização dos pacientes e a educação médica contínua são fundamentais. Investir em pesquisa e colaboração multidisciplinar é essencial para melhorar os resultados e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
ARRANJO ESPACIAL E ADUBAÇÃO PARA FORMAÇÃO DE JARDIM CLONAL DE GLIRICIDIA À PRODUÇÃO DE TUTOR VIVO PARA O CULTIVO DA PIMENTEIRA-DO-REINO
Authors: Both João Paulo Castanheira Lima , Lemos Oriel Filgueira de , Mourão Moisés , Lima Junior Joaquim Alves de , Araújo Sônia Maria Botelho , Dantas Rubia Carla Ribeiro , Dohara Ricardo Hideo
Published: March 2024

O uso de tutor vivo para o cultivo da pimenteira-do-reino é uma alternativa que contribui para a produção sustentável. Entretanto, é baixa a disponibilidade de estacas vivas de gliricídia, como tutor vivo para pimenteira-do-reino no Estado do Pará devido à carência de informações técnicas sobre o sistema de produção de estacas dessa espécie para este fim. No intuito de estabelecer práticas agrícolas visando a produção de tutor vivo de gliricídia para o cultivo da pimenteira-do-reino foram avaliados os efeitos do (i) arranjo espaçamento e (ii) suplementação nutricional, quanto ao diâmetro da planta-mãe de gliricídia; número e diâmetro de ramos para estacas vivas ao longo de um período de 24 meses. Diferenças significativas entre os arranjos espaciais e níveis de adubação (N, P, K) foram observadas somente nas primeiras avaliações. Ao final do ciclo houve equivalência na produção individual de estacas vivas para tutor, tanto em relação aos arranjos espaciais quanto às suplementações nutricionais. Entretanto, sugere-se o espaçamento 2,0m x 1,5 e a adubação de fundação como as práticas recomendável para a formação de jardim clonal visando a produção de estacas vivas devido ao maior número de estacas obtidas no final do ciclo de cultivo.
ANÁLISE VOLTADA PARA ESCOLHA DE CURSO LIVRE DE MISSIOLOGIA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO MÉTODO MULTICRITÉRIO PROMETHEE II
Authors: Silva Danilo Duarte Costa e
Published: March 2024

Segundo Brustolin (2005) houve no Brasil uma multiplicação de cursos livres ligados a teologia e há uma demanda crescente de pessoas que querem entendem melhor este setor do conhecimento. Isto posto, e dentre as várias opções observadas há uma área promissora – dentro da teologia- que tem crescido de forma considerável (CARRIKER, 2020) conhecida como missiologia e dentre os cursos livres oferecidos há uma dúvida sobre qual seria o melhor para escolher, uma vez que – por serem livres - eles não passam pelos critérios de avaliação do Ministério da Educação do Brasil. A presente pesquisa propôs a definição de critérios e a aplicação de uma abordagem multicritério Promethee II  para definição de qual curso livre de missiologia escolher. Os resultados foram promissores e podem se configurar em um método futuro de escolha deste tipo de curso no país.
Google Classroom en la Dinamización de la Comprensión Lectora en Ingles.
Authors: Mónica Rodríguez González  , Scarlett Marín Russel
Published: March 2024

Este artículo expone una investigación en torno a los procesos de comprensión lectora, una de las problemáticas de mayor afección en las instituciones educativa, según informes estadísticos de las pruebas Pisa e Icfes. Estudio investigativo que se centró en dinamizar los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje de la competencia lectora del área de inglés, a través de Google Classroom como estrategia didáctica en los estudiantes del grado décimo de la Institución Educativa Salesiano Eloy Valenzuela, Sede A. En cuanto a la metodología, ésta se caracterizó por ser de enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo descriptivo. Por otra parte, el análisis de los resultados permitió establecer que los recursos digitales incorporados en Google Classroom, si dinamizan  el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje,  al permitir que los estudiantes naveguen por la web, buscando información novedosa y de interés académico, la cual expresaron, clasificaron  y priorizaron  de manera creativa, construyendo evidencias de aprendizaje dinámicas, enriquecedoras y actuales permitiendo verificar la calidad de lo aprendido en clase y la comprensión de los textos, leídos en inglés, a nivel literal, inferencia y crítico; además, ésta plataforma educativa también favoreció la participación en clases on line, fortaleciendo  la interacción con los docentes y compañeros de curso y su integración a las redes del conocimiento. Conforme al análisis e interpretación de los datos, Google Classroom sí se constituye como un gran soporte para la dinamización de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje y se armoniza en el interior de las instituciones educativas, logrando el mejoramiento académico de los estudiantes en la asignatura de inglés, experiencia educativa que puede ser aplicada en otras disciplinas del conocimiento. Y como valor agregado, genera impacto ambiental al disminuir el fotocopiado de guías, aportándole al planeta el uso responsable y ecológico del papel y contribuyendo al mejoramiento del medio ambiente y el desarrollo sostenible en coherencia con los ODS de la UNESCO en su agenda 2030.
ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳՉԱՅԻՆ ՑԱՆՑԵՐԻ ՄԻ ՄԱԹԵՄԱՏԻԿԱԿԱՆ ՄՈԴԵԼԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ / ОБ ОДНОЙ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ СЕТЕЙ / ON A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Authors: Abrahamyan Liana , Grigoryan Koryun , Nurijanyan Armen
Published: March 2024

One of the basic human needs is the need for communication. Communication is
a universal tool of interaction, which enables the transmission of information through
modern means of communication, including computers. The general information
transmission scheme is as follows: the source of information, the communication
channel, and the recipient (receiver) of information. The main devices for the rapid
transmission of information over long distances are currently the telegraph, radio,
telephone, television transmitter, and telecommunication networks based on computer
systems. The transfer of information between computers has existed since the very
beginning of the computer. It allows you to organize joint work of separate computers,
solve a single task with the help of several computers, share resources and addressing
numerous other issuess. A computer network is understood as a set of hardware and
software designed to exchange information and access users to common network
resources. The main purpose of computer networks is to provide users with joint access
to information (databases, documents, etc.) and resources (hard drives, printers, CDROM drives, modems, access to the global network, etc.). The purpose of the article is
to build a mathematical model of computer networks using mathematical methods.
OBJECT DETECTION VIA ALTERNATIVE TRANSFORMER
Authors: Radoslav Neychev , Stepanyan Arman
Published: March 2024

Transformer is a great building block for state-of-the-art models for
every direction in artificial intelligence (AI). In natural language processing,
GPT3 is one of the leading language models, and its fine-tuning leads to the
creation of automation products in various fields (chatting, analysis of data,
content generation, etc.). In computer vision, it is DALLEE-2 with its fantastic
capability to generate realistic art images with the desired style. In
reinforcement learning (RL) decision transformers [1] are widely used and
achieve great results in such RL baseline games as ATARI, Key-To-Door tasks,
etc. Even though modern transformer blocks for end-to-end object detection
tasks converge very slowly, which makes the training process
computationally hard. We introduce alternative transformers improving
architecture and training process, reducing convergence and training time
with achieving same results in object detection tasks. Training process is
parallelized, and a loss function is modified to increase model’s capability in
multiple tasks. Finally, this architecture can be used as a building block in
other models, improving their performance
Keselarasan Hukum Islam dengan Hukum Nasional dalam Perspektif Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Zina di Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah Cinta Putri Wibawa , Ashza Ashza Nur Siam , Tuhfah Humairah Mufidah  , Asep Sopian
Published: March 2024

Indonesia adalah negara hukum, dimana segala bentuk kesimpangan telah diatur demi memperoleh keselarasan hidup manusia. Apakah perspektif setiap kategori hukum sudah selaras? Artikel ini membahas perspektif hukum islam dengan hukum nasional dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana zina dengan metode penelitian kualitatif serta pendekatan studi literatur dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan terkait istilah dan sanksi pelaku zina. Pada pasal 284 KUHP yang terjerat hukuman yaitu pelaku zina yang sedang dalam perkawinan saja dengan hukuman yang telah ditentukan. Sementara, pada perspektif hukum islam setiap hubungan persetubuhan antara wanita dan pria tanpa adanya ikatan perkawinan yang sah itu dikatakan zina dengan dua kategori hukuman yang diberikan yaitu zina muhsan dimana pelaku zina sudah menikah hukumannya dilempar batu sampai meninggal dan zina ghairu muhsan dimana pelaku zina belum pernah menikah hukumannya yaitu dijilid (dicambuk 100 kali) dan apabila masih hidup, maka harus diasingkan ke darah yang terpencil selama satu tahun.
Meninjau Penerapan Kaidah Idza Tsaqata Al Ashlu Tsaqata Al Far’u Pada Bisnis Dan Ekonomi
Authors: Siswanto
Published: March 2024

In solving the contemporary problems, The Legal Maxims of Islamic Jurisprudence has an important position for that or providing alternative solutions to various problems that arise, especially in this modern era. The devinitive legal answers to current modern problems are often not found in the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah and even in the classic books that are discussed by by earlier scholars. Therefore, the principles of fiqh (Qawaidul Fiqhiyah) have been formulated by earlier islamic scholars of fiqh, then have become an important medium for doing ijtihad in the realm of formulating laws/istimbatil ahkam in these issues. One of them is using the principle of idza tsaqata al ashlu tsaqata al far'u. Therefore, through this short paper, the author tries to explain the meaning and application of this method in the operational activities of muamalah business and especially in the world of financing transactions in Islamic banking
Paradigma Hukum Dalam Perspektif Taqi Al-Din Al-Subki
Authors: Taufik Setyaudin
Published: March 2024

The elements contained in a paradigm become a mode of thought, mode of inquiry, and mode of knowing. Through this paradigm, it will be seen how the conception and systematic thinking of scientists when looking at an object or a certain framework in understanding something. In the paradigm of Islamic law, there are broad and permissive legal principles and provisions, leaving room for human existence related to social and historical developments.Al-Subki was a Qadi, appointed by the Mamluk sultan, subject to a condition (whether express or implied) that necessitated restrictions on the Shafi'i school of thought. In addition, al-Subki is a mujtahid fi al-mazhab, that is, someone who is able to build a paradigm of rational law based on the elements of ikhtilaf in a school
BULUNMA HÂLİNDE TONLU-TONSUZ VE ÖNLÜK-ARTLIK UYUMU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Eyi Eda
Published: March 2024

Ses tellerinin titreşime uğrayıp uğramaması bakımından Türk dilinde ünsüzler iki sınıflandırmaya ayrılırlar: tonlu ünsüzler ve tonsuz ünsüzler. Belirli kurallara bağlı olarak ya da söylenişten kaynaklı olarak değişim gösteren bulunma hâlinin tonlu ya da tonsuz ünsüzü, Eski Türk Yazı Dilleri, Yeni Türk Yazı Dilleri ve Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarında işlev bakımından hemen hemen benzer özellikler ve fonetik bakımından ise farklı özellikler taşırlar. Bu bakımdan yazı dilleri ve ağızlarda, tonluluk-tonsuzluk uyumu ve kalınlık-incelik uyumu bakımından bulunma hâlinin farklılaşan biçimlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak bir araya getirmek faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışmada, Eski Türkçe Döneminden Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarına kadar tonluluk-tonsuzluk ve önlük-artlık uyumlarının sağlanıp sağlanmadığı karşılaştırılmalı inceleme metodu ile ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç kısmında bulunan veriler tartışılmıştır.
Osmanlı Maliyesinde İrad-Masraf Uygulaması: Ruznamçe Verileri Üzerinden Bir Analiz
Authors: YILDIRIM Sadullah
Published: March 2024

Bu makalede Osmanlı maliyesince kullanılan irad-masraf uygulaması incelenmiştir. Dönemin teknolojik kısıtları göz önüne alındığında yerinde harcamayı mümkün kılan bu uygulama Osmanlı maliyesince yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Makalede 16. yüzyılın sonuna ait hazine-i amire ruznamçe verilerinden hareketle yapılan analizde gelirlerin yaklaşık yarısının irad-masraf uygulamasına konu edildiği görülmüştür. Ekonometrik analiz sonuçları gelir kaynağından İstanbul’a olan mesafe arttıkça irad-masraf oranının arttığını göstermektedir. Buna ilaveten, mukataa gelirlerine göre cizye ve ağnam gelirlerinin daha çok irad-masrafa konu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fakat irad-masraf uygulamasına konu olma bakımından mukataa gelirleriyle avarız gelirleri arasında istatistiki olarak bir farkın olmadığı görülmüştür. Son olarak, analiz sonuçları gelirlerdeki gecikmeyle irad-masraf oranı arasında aynı yönde doğrusal bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.
Evidence-Based Synthesis of The Role of Community Partnerships in Enhancing Online Education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: N. Stevenson Alana
Published: March 2024

This review examines the crucial role of community partnerships in enhancing online education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). It highlights how these collaborations can address unique challenges faced by HBCUs, offering insights into successful models and best practices for developing impactful partnerships. The significance of community partnerships lies in their potential to broaden access, improve curriculum relevance, and support student success, contributing to educational equity and innovation at HBCUs. The literature underscores the multifaceted benefits of such partnerships, including resource and technology access, alignment of educational programs with workforce needs, and comprehensive student support. Despite these advantages, the review identifies gaps in empirical research specifically linking community partnerships to online education enhancements at HBCUs, indicating a need for further study. In summary, community partnerships emerge as essential for advancing online education at HBCUs, providing a pathway towards educational equity and societal development. The review encourages policymakers, educators, and community leaders to foster these collaborations, leveraging their transformative potential for the benefit of HBCU students and the broader community.
Cryptography by the Echacha20 Algorithm Based on Logistic and Chirikov Chaotic Maps
Authors: Jomaa Ibtesam , Jassim Mohammed Rana , Abdulmuttaleb Jaafar Noor , Ali Ismael Hussein
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, lightweight cryptography attracts academicians, scientists and researchers to concentrate on its requisite with the increasing usage of low resource devices. In this paper, a new lightweight encryption scheme is proposed using the chaotic map. This encryption scheme is an addition–rotation–XOR block cipher designed for its supremacy, efficacy and speed execution. In this addition–rotation–XOR cipher, the equation for chaotic map is iteratively solved to generate unique random numbers in a speedy manner using the logistic and Chirikov map. Chaotic maps, encryption algorithms, and cryptography are three approaches that are frequently used to safeguard digital data from unauthorized access and use. Chacha20 is a lightweight encryption algorithm, fast and secure and provides a balance between high security and little complexity and execution time the addition, in this work the development of the Chacha20 algorithm is used to provide the required security for data transmission.
Therefore, we created a randomness key to power the algorithm against various attacks Using the chaotic map to generate a random key for the encryption/decryption operations to improve the diffusion of the ChaCha20 cryptography algorithm's stream secret key. Finally, the cipher results are constructed from the input data and evaluated with various statistical as well as randomness tests correlation coefficient, SNR, and UAIC metrics prove that the proposed enhancement of the Chaha20 stream cipher algorithm (EChacha20) with chaotic addition–rotation–XOR stream cipher is efficient in terms of randomness and speed. For the end discussed complete models with security measures in this research
Analysis of Urban Sprawl Using Geographical Information System (GIS) Techniques; A Case Study in Erbil City-Kurdistan of Iraq
Authors: Kareem Hamajan Diyaree , D. Mohammed Hussein
Published: March 2024

Urban sprawl is one of the main threats in the city, and the present study focuses on the discussion and investigation of urban sprawl. Urban sprawl impacts the environment and agricultural fields in Erbil. The city has witnessed a remarkable rapid increase in population and urbanization at the expense of agricultural and pastoral lands, political, economic, and social factors. All these factors led to prevent the city from becoming green, which resulting in some issues like economic, social, and environmental. The most essential application of (GIS) technology is urban sprawl monitoring. It helps to determine the direction of expansion of urban areas, its pattern, and finding the most suitable sites for further urban development.
 (GIS) spatial analysis covered the geo-processing application, which is the classification of maps of Erbil to detect the change detection (LULC) through two periods, 2010 to 2018. It is to discover how much the city has changed and improved over the selected years. The changes and developments that happened over the passing years illustrated in the figures and tables in the results and discussion sections. The purpose of this study is to recommend organized solutions for the unlimited growth of urbanization.
The results showed the Landsat and Satellite Images of Erbil city due years 2010 and 2018 using ArcGIS Pro. Geo-referencing and digitizing the maps of Erbil gave the spatial data surveying as a result for analyzing the changes and comparing them due to the specified years to see the differences that happened to the city. Furthermore, as a result, the vacant land area decreased by 33.20%, whereas the urban area increased by 15.86% from 2010 to 2018
Unilateral Impaction of Mandibular Canine in a Down Syndrome Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Ali H. , Bhat Nagesh
Published: March 2024

A 12-year-old female patient, with large nasal bridge, mongoloid slants, clinodactyly, saddle gap of toes, slanting palpebral fissures, and a flat facies with ocular hypertelorism was reported. The patient’s medical history showed intellectual impairment, hypothyroidism, and allergy to penicillin and cow milk. Intraoral examination revealed that there was severe crowding, with Angles class I Dewey’s modification type I. A radiographic examination showed that the root of tooth 44 has sharp dilaceration toward the mesial in the apical third. Impacted canines were measured approximately 17.5 mm from the cusp till root apex. Treatment plan included prescription for pain relief. Oral prophylaxis was followed by root canal treatment and full coverage restoration. Induced eruption was planned. This case report provides insight into various oral conditions associated with Down syndrome (DS). The treatment was challenging and it needed a comprehensive approach with a preventive dentistry practice and regular screening. Dental practitioners should be aware of DS and its effect on oral health with the main focus on an effective treatment plan.
Visualization and Machine Learning Prediction of Spatiotemporal Spread of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Abdalla Rifaat , Hamdi Nasr Imen
Published: March 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic, affecting over 8 million people across 100 nations, presents a severe risk to human life and property. India, with its vast population of 1.34 billion, is among the hardest-hit countries. This study employs machine learning techniques for visualizing and predicting the spatiotemporal progression of COVID-19. Utilizing Python libraries such as “Numpy,” “Pandas,” “Scikit,” and “Matplotlib,” we analyze and visualize COVID-19 data sourced from the Indian Ministry of Health Web Service and API. Our visualizations depict demographic trends, incident growth, geospatial state-based patterns, and distribution. The analysis reveals that age groups under 30 and over 59 exhibit resilience to the virus, offering hope for population growth. Examining active cases, recoveries, and deaths, India has outpaced countries like Germany, the United States, Iran, Italy, Spain, South Korea, Turkey, France, and the United Kingdom since early April 2020. Furthermore, we employ supervised machine learning algorithms, including PROPHET and ARIMA, to predict the virus’s spread. By accounting for seasonality-related factors, we achieve a 95% prediction interval, indicating the potential for accurate spread forecasting. This research contributes valuable insights into COVID-19’s impact in India and offers predictive tools for managing its progression.
Confronting Malaria – Addressing a Critical Health Crisis among Vulnerable Groups in Nigeria
Authors: Helen Bamikole Talabi
Published: March 2024

Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus and transmitted to humans through infected Another’s bites. The common symptoms are fever, headaches and chills. The parasites enters the blood stream and infect the red blood cells. Malaria can be treated with anti-malarial drugs and it can also prevented using mosquitoes bed net and repellant.
Role of ESWL in Era of Miniatured Endourological Modalities
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Hayat Faiza , Orakzai Nasir , Asiya Hassan Syeda , Ali Danya
Published: March 2024

Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), being the first noninvasive stone treatment, was a landmark development. With its relatively good safety profile, cost effectiveness, and good results in certain types of stone management, it remained a prominent modality for three decades. However, because of the redefined indications for ESWL and the advancement of endourological equipment, its role has become limited. This chapter discusses the indications, advantages, limitations, and new developments of ESWL in this era of rapidly progressing minimally invasive stone surgeries.
Cell Protection by Oxidative Stress Mitigation Using Substances with Bioactive Properties
Authors: Požgajová Miroslava , Klongová Lucia , Kovár Marek , Navrátilová Alica
Published: March 2024

Stress caused by challenging environmental conditions is often associated with the rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that dramatically alter cellular redox homeostasis. ROS generation is tightly connected with its utilization, as impaired equilibrium of these processes results in oxidative stress having profound consequences for cell physiology. The balanced action of both antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants counterbalances the harmful effects of ROS. Despite the functional antioxidant system of the cell, excessive ROS leads to disruption of vital cellular processes which is associated with the development of various lifestyle diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Enhanced consumption of foodstuffs with high and balanced antioxidant bioactive compounds is linked with the positive effects of beneficial antioxidants impacting cellular protection resulting in health promotion. In this chapter, we present an outline of how bioactive compounds determine their health-promoting properties.
Perspective Chapter: Resilience as a Process in Changing the Criminal Behavior of Young Offenders
Authors: Tomita Mihaela , Ungureanu Roxana
Published: March 2024

This chapter presents and analyzes the role of the resilience process in the resocialization and reintegration of young offenders sentenced to a custodial measure in the criminal justice system. The intervention programs based on assisted resilience should have professionals as tutors/mentors of resilience. In this chapter, we will present their specific role. In this context, the need for the training of resilience tutors is presented. This aspect involves focusing on the potentialities of this category of offenders, with the aim of strengthening the protective factors at the expense of the risk factors. Resilience tutors are specialists from educational and detention centers who work with young offenders during the custodial sentence: psychologists, social workers, and educators. In our opinion, they can significantly contribute to changing the criminal behavior of young offenders. So, the main aim of this chapter is to show in which way the resilience process and resilience mentors/tutors contribute to the resocialization and reintegration of young offenders involved in the criminal justice system.
Typological Scale of Learning Anxiety: Eliminating Obstacles in Higher Education
Authors: Lima Silva Edneusa , Marques de Oliveira Valéria
Published: March 2024

During life, people are exposed to situations that can trigger different anxiogenic responses, this research focuses particularly on the experiences of university students. Anxiety in learning points to cognitive imbalance when faced with new data. Although it can be evaluated according to the level: mild to severe, in this work we aim at categorization as a type of psychopedagogical basis in dialogue with M. Klein. Anxiety can be signaling, confusional, paranoid and depressive. The signaling reveals the internal imbalance, and the person who learns can rebalance, accommodating and assimilating the information and transforming it into knowledge. The other three types of learning anxiety require awareness aimed at rebalancing learning. When it converts into maladaptive, one position is confusional, characterized by the inability and/or difficulty in distinguishing aspects to be assimilated and accommodated between the new and the already established data. The other is paranoid, which is manifested by the feeling of destruction that accompanies new data. The third is depressive marked by the feeling of loss and insecurity in the face of what is unknown. When the typology of learning anxiety is identified, the ability to develop and cope with learning difficulties increases, promoting mental health.
Why the pounamu? Low- to medium grade metabasites and metaultrabasites of New Zealand from a geoheritage perspective
Authors: Németh Károly , Sági Tamás , Józsa Sándor
Published: March 2024

Pounamu plays a very important role in Māori culture (New Zealand) and is a taonga (treasure) of the people. Pounamu is a result of the intricate, unique geological context of the Zealandia microcontinent in the SW Pacific successfully separated from Gondwana in the Late Mesozoic but cut half in a NE-SWE trending right-lateral strike-slip dominated plate boundary separating the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates within the continental lithospheric segment of Zealandia. Along this nearly 500 km onshore structural zone, a set of narrow Paleozoic to Mesozoic lithospheric terrains assembled among ophiolite belts such as the Dun Mountain Terrain. Metasomatic influence on the ancient seafloor in combination with high-grade regional metamorphic forces along the evolving plate boundaries, a globally unique region with high geodiversity formed, giving way to the assemblage of metamorphosed ultramafic bodies to generate great variety of greenstones, referred as pounamu by Māori. The perfect physicochemical conditions of this rock made it to become a key geomaterial for tool-making and trade subjects within the Māori culture.
The Effectiveness of Augmenting Modafinil to Risperidone or Olanzapine for Treating Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Khalafi Maryam , Rostami Hamzeh , Malekpour Naghmeh , Behrouzian Forouzan , Boostani Hatam
Published: March 2024

Background: Recent evidence suggests the potential efficacy of modafinil in addressing specific symptom domains associated with schizophrenia, particularly negative and cognitive symptoms. However, it's important to note that findings in this area have been inconsistent. Objectives: This study was done to assess the impact of modafinil on improving negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Methods: In this clinical trial, 40 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and referred to Golestan Hospital were selected. Patients received a daily dose of 100 to 200 mg of modafinil in addition to their ongoing antipsychotic treatment with either Risperidone or Olanzapine. In the control group, patients received a placebo along with their prescribed antipsychotic therapy. The duration of the follow-up was 4 weeks. Both the evaluator and the patients were blinded to the administered medication. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was utilized to measure negative symptoms before the intervention, and at 2 and 4 weeks following the intervention. Results: The mean age of participants in the intervention and control groups was 34.00 ± 6.60 and 36.90 ± 6.88 years, respectively. Two weeks after the intervention, the average SANS score was lower in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (99.70 ± 10.24 vs. 111.24 ± 7.08, P = 0.04). At 4 weeks post-intervention, the average SANS score in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (84.39 ± 3.54 vs. 113.79 ± 3.75, P = 0.002). Conclusions: This study suggests that modafinil may be an effective adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia, particularly for treating anhedonia symptoms.
GENTRIFICACIÓN EN CIUDAD VIEJA. Una aproximación cuantitativa al proceso en el casco histórico de Montevideo (2011 2019)
Authors: Casanova Agustin Viera
Published: March 2024

In the last two decades, the historic center of Montevideo has been the subject of urban renewal policies. Thisalarmed a certain part of its population, who claim that a gentrification process is taking place. This workproposes to analyze this process through a quantitative methodology. It consists of the study of householdsbased on disaggregated statistical data in five variables: level of education, level of income, number ofmembers, type of housing tenure, and their relocations within the city. The case study is the Ciudad Viejaneighborhood of the city of Montevideo, Uruguay, between 2011 and 2019. The results suggest that this areashows a high level of predisposition to be gentrified and that displacement is occurring there. However, atraditional gentrification process is not being verified.
 
Keywords:Gentrification, socio spatial dynamics, gentrifiability.Thematic clusters:

En las últimas dos décadas, el casco histórico de Montevideo ha sido objeto de políticas de renovaciónurbana. Esto alertó a cierta parte de su población, la cual alega que allí se está produciendo un proceso degentrificación. El presente trabajo propone analizar este proceso a través de una metodología cuantitativa. Lamisma se compone por el estudio de hogares a partir de datos estadísticos desagregados en cinco variables:nivel de educación, nivel de ingresos, cantidad de integrantes, tipo de tenencia de vivienda y susrelocalizaciones en la ciudad. El caso de estudio es el barrio Ciudad Vieja de la ciudad de Montevideo,Uruguay, entre los años 2011 y 2019. Los resultados sugieren que este presenta un gran nivel depredisposición a ser gentrificado y que allí se están produciendo desplazamientos, sin embargo no se verificaun proceso de gentrificación tradicional.
 
Palabras clave:Gentrificación, dinámicas socio espaciales, gentrificabilidad.
O MEDO MOVE: Diferentes experiências de urbanidade no Festival Jane’s Walk Recife 2016, 2017 e 2022
Authors: Nóbrega Lívia
Published: March 2024

This paper reflects on fear as a constant, and not a variable, in the experience of urbanity in cities. To this end, it takes as an object three editions of the Jane’s Walk Festival in Recife: What makes a street safe for women? (2016), We ask for light (2017), and The city as a support for public art and life (2022). Despite the themes, participants, and different paths, all of them were crossed by fear. These crossings provide the three axes that guide the discussion of each case, namely: 1) Asymmetries; 2) Mitigations; 3) Memories – in a present, future, and past relationship with fear. Finally, a change of perspective is suggested in the way fear moves us, withstrategies that point to a less individual and more collective approach, that is, less focused on avoiding it andmore stimulating to face it.
Keywords: fear, Jane’s Walk, urbanity, walkability

Este trabalho reflete sobre o medo enquanto uma constante, e não uma variável, na experiência de urbanidade nas cidades. Para tal, toma como objeto três edições de caminhadas do Festival Jane’s Walk em Recife: O que torna uma rua segura para mulheres? (2016), A gente pede luz (2017) e A cidade como suporte para a arte e a vida pública (2022). Apesar dos temas, participantes e percursos distintos, todas elas foram atravessadas pelo medo. Esses atravessamentos fornecem os três eixos que guiam a discussão de cada caso, sendo eles: 1) Assimetrias; 2) Mitigações; 3) Memórias – numa relação de presente, futuro e passado com o medo. Por fim, sugere-se uma mudança de perspectiva na forma como o medo nos move, com estratégias que apontam para uma abordagem menos individual e mais coletiva, isto é, menos voltadas para a sua esquivança e mais estimulantes ao seu enfrentamento.
Palavras-chave: caminhabilidade, Jane’s Walk, medo, urbanidade
PERCEPÇÃO E REPRESENTAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM. Da janela do meu quarto eu vejo…
Authors: Campos Rangel Rafael , Villares de Carvalho Igor , de Albuquerque Lapa Tomás
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho descreve ferramentas didáticas utilizadas na atividade "Da Janela do Meu Quarto Eu Vejo...", atividade direcionada a discentes do primeiro semestre do curso de arquitetura e urbanismo. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as ferramentas e o referencial teórico que embasam a atividade, sua aplicação e resultados. A dinâmica aqui descrita encoraja os alunos a desenvolver um olhar reflexivo sobre a paisagem, assim como habilidades de representação abstrata. O debate teórico aborda definições de paisagem e questões relativas à definição, representação escrita e pictórica da paisagem. Neste último ponto, a questão do processo de abstração foi especialmente trabalhada. Por fim, são discutidos os resultados textuais e gráficos da atividade e seus possíveis desdobramentos.
Palavras chave: paisagem, percepção, representação.