bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fluorenone Derived Schiff Base as a Selective Colorimetric Sensor for Copper Ions and its Applications
Authors: Selvam Pravinkumar , R Bhaskar , Ramasamy Selva Kumar , Pradeep Ilayaperumal , Kumar Somanahalli Kalleshappa Ashok
Published: January 2024

In this study, a naked‐eye colorimetric probe (L) was synthesized by condensation reaction of 9‐fluorenone with 2‐thiophene carboxylic acid hydrazide and characterized by various analytical techniques. The presence of O, N, and S heteroatoms in L would modulate the hard and soft characters, which is responsible for selective complexation of Cu2+ and fluorenone act as signalling unit. The sensing ability of L was studied with various metal ions by colorimetric, test paper strip, and UV‐visible spectrophotometry in DMSO: H2O (6 : 4, v/v). The colorless solution L turned green upon interacting with Cu2+ ions, while other ions did not change color. The probe L exhibits an absorbance band at 354 nm; upon interaction with Cu2+ ions, it exhibits a band at 413 nm due to ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT). The probe L binds Cu2+ in a 2 : 1 stoichiometric ratio with an association constant of 3.76×107 M−2, established using Job's and BindFit methods. Further, binding mechanism is supported by EPR and ESI studies. The probe L can work in the pH range of 3.0 to 7.5 and detect as low as 93 nM (6 ppb) by spectrophotometry. Probe L demonstrates a promising potential for detecting Cu2+ ions in the semi‐aqueous medium.
A Factor‐Free Hydrogel with ROS Scavenging and Responsive Degradation for Enhanced Diabetic Bone Healing
Authors: Zhang Qin , Chen Weikai , Li Guangfeng , Ma Zhixin , Zhu Mengru , Gao Qianmin , Xu Ke , Liu Xinru , Lu Wenyi , Zhang Wencai , Wu Yan , Shi Zhongmin , Su Jiacan
Published: January 2024

In view of the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disturb the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the repair of diabetic bone defects remains a great challenge. Herein, a factor‐free hydrogel is reported with ROS scavenging and responsive degradation properties for enhanced diabetic bone healing. These hydrogels contain ROS‐cleavable thioketal (TK) linkers and ultraviolet (UV)‐responsive norbornene (NB) groups conjugated with 8‐arm PEG macromers, which are formed via UV crosslinking‐mediated gelation. Upon reacting with high levels of ROS in the bone defect microenvironment, ROS‐cleavable TK linkers are destroyed, allowing the responsive degradation of hydrogels, which promotes the migration of BMSCs. Moreover, ROS levels are reduced through hydrogel‐mediated ROS scavenging to reverse BMSC differentiation from adipogenic to osteogenic phenotype. As such, a favorable microenvironment is created after simultaneous ROS scavenging and hydrogel degradation, leading to the effective repair of bone defects in diabetic mouse models, even without the addition of growth factors. Thus, this study presents a responsive hydrogel platform that regulates ROS scavenging and stromal degradation in bone engineering.
Enabling High‐Performance Layered Li‐Rich Oxide Cathodes by Regulating the Formation of Integrated Cation‐Disordered Domains
Authors: Li Yongjian , Zhu Xinyu , Su Yuefeng , Xu Lifeng , Chen Lai , Cao Duanyun , Li Ning , Wu Feng
Published: January 2024

Layered Li‐rich oxide cathode materials are capable of offering high energy density due to their cumulative cationic and anionic redox mechanism during (de)lithiation process. However, the structural instability of the layered Li‐rich oxide cathode materials, especially in the deeply delitiated state, results in severe capacity and voltage degradation. Considering the minimal isotropic structural evolution of disordered rock salt oxide cathode during cycling, cation‐disordered nano‐domains have been controllably introduced into layered Li‐rich oxides by co‐doping of d0‐TM and alkali ions. Combining electrochemical and synchrotron‐based advanced characterizations, the incorporation of the phase‐compatible cation‐disordered domains can not only hinder the oxygen framework collapse along the c axis of layered Li‐rich cathode under high operation voltage but also promote the Mn and anionic activities as well as Li+ (de)intercalation kinetics, leading to remarkable improvement in rate capability and mitigation of capacity and voltage decay. With this unique layered/rocksalt intergrown structure, the intergrown cathode yields an ultrahigh capacity of 288.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and outstanding capacity retention of ≈90.0% with obviously suppressed voltage decay after 100 cycles at 0.5, 1, and 2 C rate. This work provides a new direction toward advanced cathode materials for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Optimizing Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Adsorption over Ru/WO2.9 Metal/Metalloid Heterostructure Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions in Alkaline Media
Authors: Cheng Zhiyu , Yang Yang , Wang Peichen , Wang Pengcheng , Yang Jiahe , Wang Dongdong , Chen Qianwang
Published: January 2024

The development of high‐performance, stable and platinum‐free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media is crucial for the commercial application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Ruthenium, as an emerging HOR electrocatalyst with a price advantage over platinum, still needs to solve the problems of low intrinsic activity and easy oxidation. Herein, Ru nanoparticles are anchored on the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich metalloid WO2.9 by interfacial engineering to create abundant and efficient Ru and WO2.9 interfacial active sites for accelerated HOR in alkaline media. Ru/WO2.9/C displays excellent catalytic activity with mass activity (8.29 A mgNM−1) and specific activity (1.32 mA cmNM−2), which are 2.5/3.3 and 21.8/8.3 times that of PtRu/C and Pt/C, respectively. Moreover, Ru/WO2.9/C exhibits excellent CO tolerance and operational stability. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the improved charge transfer from Ru to WO2.9 in the metal/metalloid heterostructure significantly tune the electronic structure of Ru sites and optimize the hydrogen binding energy (HBE) of Ru. While, WO2.9 provides abundant hydroxyl adsorption sites. Therefore, the equilibrium adsorption of hydrogen and hydroxyl at the interface of Ru/WO2.9 will be realized, and the oxidation of metal Ru would be avoided, thereby achieving excellent HOR activity and durability.
Metabolism‐Regulating Nanozyme System for Advanced Nanocatalytic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Yongyang , Yin Miao , Mäkilä Ermei , Zhou Wenhui , Su Wenmei , Zhang Hongbo
Published: January 2024

Nanocatalytic therapy, an emerging approach in cancer treatment, utilizes nanomaterials to initiate enzyme‐mimetic catalytic reactions within tumors, inducing tumor‐suppressive effects. However, the targeted and selective catalysis within tumor cells is challenging yet critical for minimizing the adverse effects. The distinctive reliance of tumor cells on glycolysis generates abundant lactate, influencing the tumor's pH, which can be manipulated to selectively activate nanozymatic catalysis. Herein, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeting lactate transporter‐mediated efflux is encapsulated within the iron‐based metal–organic framework (FeMOF) and specifically delivered to tumor cells through cell membrane coating. This approach traps lactate within the cell, swiftly acidifying the tumor cytoplasm and creating an environment for boosting the catalysis of the FeMOF nanozyme. The nanozyme generates hydroxyl radical (·OH) in the reversed acidic environment, using endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by mitochondria as a substrate. The induced cytoplasmic acidification disrupts calcium homeostasis, leading to mitochondrial calcium overload, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent tumor cell death. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment is also remodeled, inhibiting migration and invasion, thus preventing metastasis. This groundbreaking strategy combines metabolic regulation with nanozyme catalysis in a toxic drug‐free approach for tumor treatment, holding promise for future clinical applications.
Hollow Zeolite Nanoreactor with Double Shells for Methanol Aromatization: Explicit Recognition on Catalytic Function of Inverse Elemental Zone and Shell‐Cavity
Authors: Ma Qian , Fu Tingjun , Wang Zhuo , Li Caiyan , Wu Xueqing , Yang Ning , Li Zhong
Published: January 2024

Core@shell catalyst composited of dual aluminosilicate zeolite can effectively regulate the distribution of acid sites to control hydrocarbon conversion process for the stable formation of target product. However, the diffusion restriction reduces the accessibility of inner active sites and affects synergy between core and shell. Herein, hollow ZSM‐5 zeolite nanoreactor with inverse aluminum distribution and double shells are prepared and employed for methanol aromatization. It is demonstrated that the intershell cavity alleviated the steric hindrance from zeolites channel and provided more paths and pore entrance for guest molecule. Correspondingly, olefin intermediates generated from methanol over the external shell are easier to adsorb at internal acid sites for further reactions. Importantly, the diffusion of generated aromatic macromolecules to the external surface is also promoted, which slows down the formation of internal coke, and ensures the use of internal acid sites for aromatization. The aromatics selectivity of the nanoreactor remained at 8% after 154 h, while that of solid core@shell catalyst decreased to 2% after 75 h. This finding promises broader insight to improve internal active site utilization of core@shell catalyst at the diffusion level and can be great aid in the flexible design of multifunctional nanoreactors to enhance the relay efficiency.
Confined Nano‐Channels Incorporated with Multi‐Quaternized Cations for Highly Phosphoric Acid Retention HT‐PEMs
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Bin , Wang Zimo , Chen Yaohan , Guo Jing , Kang Shuwen , Zou Weimin , Zheng Jifu , Li Shenghai , Zhang Suobo
Published: January 2024

Developing a new strategy to retain phosphoric acid (PA) to improve the performance and durability of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) remains a challenge. Here, a strategy for ion‐restricted catcher microstructure that incorporates PA‐doped multi‐quaternized poly(fluorene alkylene‐co‐biphenyl alkylene) (PFBA) bearing confined nanochannels is reported. Dynamic analysis reveals strong interaction between side chains and PA molecules, confirming that the microstructure can improve PA retention. The PFBA linked with triquaternary ammonium side chain (PFBA‐tQA) shows the highest PA retention rate of 95%. Its H2/O2 fuel cell operates within 0.6% voltage decay at 160 °C/0% RH, and it also runs over 100 h at 100 °C/49% RH under external humidification. This combination of high PA retention, and chemical and dimensional stability fills a gap in the HT‐PEMFC field, which requires strict moisture control at 90–120 °C to prevent acid leaching, simplifying the start‐up procedure of HT‐PEMFC without preheating.
Surface Wrinkled Microsphere Enhanced Irregular Wound Healing Through Synergistic Hygroscopicity, Reversible Wet‐Adhesion and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Xu Zhan , Cui Yuqian , Tian Weiguo , Sun Feifei , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2024

Rapid and effective healing of irregular wounds caused by burns, lacerations, and blast injuries remains a persistent challenge in wound care. Hydrogel microsphere dressings that can adaptively fill and adhere to the wounds without external force are desired to treat irregular wounds, providing an external barrier and accelerating healing. Herein, we created multifunctional cellulose‐based surface‐wrinkled microspheres with antioxidant, antibacterial, hygroscopicity, wet‐adhesion and shape‐adaptive capabilities to relieve inflammation, bacteria and excess exudate situations in healing irregular wounds. This dressing rapidly adsorbs exudate and reversibly adheres wetly to the wounds upon being filled, effectively inhibiting bacterial infection and reducing the flooded exudate to accelerate wound healing. Polydopamine (PDA) provides catechol‐based tissue bioadhesion to microspheres through π–π stacking or hydrogen bond interaction, and also establishes a bond bridge with an antimicrobial component (thymol), which not only enables the microspheres to stably adhere to the wound to maintain hygroscopicity, but also improves the release of the introduced antimicrobial component (thymol). In vivo assays, as well as histopathological and immunofluorescence studies have shown that multifunctional cellulose‐based microspheres have excellent pro‐healing abilities and are promising candidates for dehumidification and healing of irregular wound in clinical applications.
Mechanism of Self‐Oxidative Copolymerization and its Application with Polydopamine‐pyrrole Nano‐copolymers
Authors: He Yuan , Fan Zhongxiong , Sun Pengfei , Jiang Hairong , Chen Zhou , Tang Guo , Hou Zhenqing , Sun Yanan , Yi Yunfeng , Shi Wei , Ge Dongtao
Published: January 2024

Currently, the copolymer of dopamine (DA) and pyrrole (PY) via chemical and electrochemical oxidation usually requires additional oxidants, and lacks flexibility in regulating the size and morphology, thereby limiting the broad applications of DA‐PY copolymer in biomedicine. Herein, the semiquinone radicals produced by the self‐oxidation of DA is ingeniously utilized as the oxidant to initiate the following copolymerization with PY, and a series of quinone‐rich polydopamine‐pyrrole copolymers (PDAm‐nPY) with significantly enhanced absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) region without any additional oxidant assistance is obtained. Moreover, the morphology and size of PDAm‐nPY can be regulated by changing the concentration of DA and PY, thereby optimizing nanoscale PDA0.05‐0.15PY particles (≈ 150 nm) with excellent NIR absorption and surface modification activity are successfully synthesized. Such PDA0.05‐0.15PY particles show effective photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) against 4T1 tumors in vivo. Furthermore, other catechol derivatives can also copolymerize with PY under the same conditions. This work by fully utilizing the semiquinone radical active intermediates produced through the self‐oxidation of DA reduces the dependence on external oxidants in the synthesis of composite materials and predigests the preparation procedure, which provides a novel, simple, and green strategy for the synthesis of other newly catechol‐based functional copolymers.
Can either using cognitive science principles or improving teacher content knowledge boost student achievement in middle school science?
Authors: Kramer Steven L. , Scull Janie , Porter Andrew , Massey Christine M. , Merlino F. Joseph , Baker John Y.
Published: January 2024

This study used a cluster randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of two approaches to increasing middle school students' science learning when using an inquiry‐based science curriculum. Eighty‐nine schools, with 253 teachers and 20,591 students, were randomly assigned into one of three conditions: (a) a treatment condition in which the textbook curriculum was modified based on three principles of cognitive science coupled with teacher professional development (PD), (b) a second treatment condition in which teachers received PD designed to improve their knowledge of the science content, and (c) a business‐as‐usual control group. The cognitive science treatment had a small but statistically significant positive effect on content learning, with a stronger impact on students of higher prior achievement. Compared to business‐as‐usual, the intervention to increase teacher content knowledge had no impact.
The diagnostic yield of colonoscopic surveillance following resection of early age onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Al Maliki Husam , Monahan Kevin J.
Published: January 2024

Background

The primary benefit of post‐colorectal cancer (CRC) colonoscopic surveillance is to detect and remove premalignant lesions to prevent metachronous CRC. Current guidelines for long‐term colonoscopic surveillance post early age onset CRC (EOCRC) resection are based on limited evidence. The aims of this study were to assess the diagnostic yield of colonoscopic surveillance post‐EOCRC resection and identify molecular and clinicopathological risk factors associated with advanced neoplasia.

Methodology

A retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data was conducted at St Mark's hospital, London, United Kingdom, for patients diagnosed with EOCRC who underwent at least one episode of post‐CRC colonoscopic surveillance between 1978 and 2022. We collected clinicopathological data including tumour molecular status and neoplasia detection rates.

Results

In total, 908 colonoscopic surveillance procedures were performed in 195 patients over 2581.3 person‐years of follow‐up. The diagnostic yields of metachronous CRC, advanced adenomas and non‐advanced adenomas were 1.76%, 3.41% and 22.69% respectively. Sixteen patients (8.21%) developed metachronous CRC, and the majority (87.5%) were detected more than 3 years post index EOCRC diagnosis. Detection of advanced neoplasia was significantly higher in EOCRC patients with Lynch syndrome (26.15%) compared with those in whom Lynch syndrome was excluded (13.13%) (OR, 2.343; 95% CI, 1.014–5.256; p = 0.0349).

Conclusions

During colonoscopic surveillance post‐EOCRC resection, the long‐term risk of developing metachronous advanced neoplasia remains high in the context of Lynch syndrome, but this trend is not as clearly evident when Lynch syndrome has been excluded.
On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling
Authors: Hekmatmehr Hesamedin , Esmaeili Ali , Atashrouz Saeid , Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Abedi Ali , Hemmati‐Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Mohaddespour Ahmad
Published: January 2024

As an emerging desalination technology, forward osmosis (FO) can potentially become a reliable method to help remedy the current water crisis. Introducing uncomplicated and precise models could help FO systems' optimization. This paper presents the prediction and evaluation of FO systems' membrane flux using various artificial intelligence‐based models. Detailed data gathering and cleaning were emphasized because appropriate modeling requires precise inputs. Accumulating data from the original sources, followed by duplicate removal, outlier detection, and feature selection, paved the way to begin modeling. Six models were executed for the prediction task, among which two are tree‐based models, two are deep learning models, and two are miscellaneous models. The calculated coefficient of determination (R2) of our best model (XGBoost) was 0.992. In conclusion, tree‐based models (XGBoost and CatBoost) show more accurate performance than neural networks. Furthermore, in the sensitivity analysis, feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) concentrations showed a strong correlation with membrane flux.

Practitioner Points

The FO membrane flux was predicted using a variety of machine‐learning models.

Thorough data preprocessing was executed.

The XGBoost model showed the best performance, with an R2 of 0.992.

Tree‐based models outperformed neural networks and other models.
From Building Information Modelling to Digital Twins: Digital Representation for a Circular Economy
Authors: Koutamanis Alexander
Published: January 2024

Building information modelling (BIM) has ushered in the era of symbolic building representation: building elements and spaces are described not by graphical elements but by discrete symbols, each with properties and relations that explicitly integrate all information. Digital twinning promises even more: a digital replica in complete sync with the building and its behaviour. Such technologies have obvious appeal for circularity because they accommodate the rich information it requires and link circularity goals to other activities in AECO (architecture, engineering, construction and operation of buildings).

Present implementations of BIM may fall short of the promise, and digital twinning may be hard to achieve, but they remain crucial not only for circularity but for all AECO disciplines. To realise the potential of such representations, information should be treated not as a product of integration but as the integrator of all activities. Similarly, digitalisation should be at the core of business models and deployment plans, not an additional or even optional layer at a high cost. This calls for a coherent approach that includes the full capture of building information, supports the detailed exploration of circular operations, uses the results to constrain decisions and actions and does so throughout the life cycle.
Blockchain Technology for a Circular Built Environment
Authors: Shojaei Alireza , Naderi Hossein
Published: January 2024

The built environment fundamentally suffers from organisational fragmentation in various aspects, such as data flow, finance, and supply chains. Blockchain technology can be considered a transformative solution to the inherent fragmentation of this industry. This chapter first defines the basics of blockchain technology to show how a peer-to-peer network could enable a decentralised, traceable, and immutable information system across the life cycles of built assets. Then, an overview of blockchain literature within the context of a circular economy, with real-life examples and the current state of blockchain adoption in the circular built environment, is presented, and the role that this technology plays in addressing certain circular strategies is discussed. Afterward, implementation challenges and incentives are identified to set realistic expectations regarding the capabilities of blockchain technologies. Emerging concepts within blockchain technologies are then presented to give insights into prospects beyond current literature and use cases in the circular built environment. Finally, the future of blockchain technology in a circular built environment is discussed to present the applicability of blockchain and its possible integration with other emerging digitalisation tools, such as building information modelling (BIM) and material passports, in wider domains of circular, smart cities and communities.
Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Reuse Patterns
Authors: Armeni Iro , Raghu Deepika , De Wolf Catherine
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence, and specifically the subfields of computer vision and machine learning, has become a topic with great potential for predicting reuse patterns in the built environment. With sensors that collect visual data becoming more readily available, new opportunities are created to digitalise the built environment by applying technologies from these fields. Applications include exploring the design space, monitoring construction progress, and improving building performance during operation. Using these applications to increase circularity in the built environment requires information about in-use building products and their attributes (e.g. type, material, size, geometry, condition, etc.). This information is a starting point for many downstream circular processes and a core component of circular databases, which can enable designers, constructors, and facility managers to follow a circular paradigm. Many advancements have been made in academia and industry towards extracting such information from visual and other building data, e.g. for the downstream processes of predicting material reusability or automating the maintenance of building facades. This chapter presents efforts on this front and highlights the gaps in adopting and utilising these technologies for the circular built environment, including challenges in developing comprehensive systems for their deployment and in robustly evaluating them. It also discusses business and organisational considerations with respect to adoption, utilisation, and development of the technologies in the circular context.
Enabling Design for Circularity with Computational Tools
Authors: Heisel Felix , McGranahan Joseph
Published: January 2024

Circular construction is a design task that requires new datasets and computational tools for matching supply and demand within an urban circular system. Material passports (MPs) contain detailed inventories of materials and products, as well as their specifications, location, and connection details. Circularity indicators (CIs) allow an assessment of a design’s environmental impacts with respect to circularity: the degree to which solutions minimise extraction and waste in favour of reusable, renewable, or recyclable resources both in construction and at end-of-use. Often implemented as an extension to detailed BIM models, MPs and CIs are presently applied in the permit and documentation phases. However, these metrics also establish parameters in early design phases, where circular design thinking and evaluation are most impactful. Circular construction consequently calls for a new suite of design tools that can be integrated into existing workflows, are applicable within the uncertain context of the early design phase, and ideally offer immediate feedback related to formal deliberations, structural considerations, material selection, and detailing. This chapter describes the importance of CIs as design parameters across phases with a special focus on recent early design developments such as the software application RhinoCircular.
Circular Robotic Construction
Authors: Vasey Lauren , Aejmelaeus-Lindström Petrus , Jenny David , Johns Ryan Luke , Hurkxkens Ilmar , Ming Coralie , Hutter Marco , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias
Published: January 2024

In situ robotic construction is a type of construction where mobile robotic systems build directly on the building site. To enable on-site navigation, industrial robots can be integrated with mobile bases, while mobile, high-payload construction machines can be adapted for autonomous operation. With parallel advances in sensor processing, these robotic construction processes can become robust and capable of handling non-standard, local, as-found materials.

The potential of using autonomous, mobile robotic systems for the development of innovative circular construction processes is presented in three exemplary case studies:(i) robotically jammed structures from bulk materials, (ii) robotic earthworks with local and upcycled materials, and (iii) robotic additive manufacturing with earth-based materials. These processes exemplify key strategies for a circular industry through the utilisation of materials with low embodied greenhouse gas emissions and the implementation of fully reversible construction processes.

For each case study, we describe the robotic building process, the enabling technologies and workflows, and the major sustainability and circularity benefits compared to conventional construction methods. Moreover, we discuss the difficulty of industry transfer, considering challenges such as detailing, integration, and engineering validation. We conclude with an outlook towards future research avenues and industry adoption strategies.
‘The Label, It Sticks to Your Skin—You Had COVID’: Layering Stigma and Changes over Time onto the Extended Parallel Process Model in the Context of COVID-19 Risk Communication in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Naugle Danielle A. , Tibbels Natalie J. , Dosso Abdul
Published: January 2024

The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a framework that describes how fear and perceived efficacy interact to shape behaviour. Fear is a natural response to a new and deadly pandemic like that caused by SARS-CoV-2 and fear often generates stigma. Qualitative research from Côte d’Ivoire suggests that risk communicators crafting fear appeals need to carefully consider how stigma is likely to interact with fear and perceived efficacy. Furthermore, responses to fear appeals change based on the phase of the pandemic; as the immediate threat wanes so does the ability to maintain protective behaviours in the longer term. Drawing on data from 24 focus groups and 27 in-depth interviews with members of the general population, health providers, survivors of COVID-19, and individuals who had lost a close family member to COVID-19 in Côte d’Ivoire, we integrate stigma and time into the EPPM to illustrate how fear, efficacy, and stigma shape behavior and evolve over time in response to the shifting landscape of the coronavirus pandemic in Côte d’Ivoire.
Identifying Novel COVID-19 Rumours Through a Multi-channel Approach
Authors: Tibbels Natalie J. , Dosso Abdul , Kwizera Amata , Benie William , Massingue Felisberto , Nana Marjorie , Naugle Danielle A.
Published: January 2024

During a health emergency like COVID-19, rumours impacting health prevention behaviors can rapidly emerge and take root, ebbing and flowing over the course of the emergency. A rumour is an act of communication containing unverified information and can be an event (a case, a death, an outbreak) or a belief (misinformation or disinformation). Rumours are powerful because they resonate with individuals—they can help a community make sense of painful circumstances and regain a sense of control. But they can also create barriers to protective behaviors and undermine the public health response. Identifying novel rumours is imperative for strong risk communication and community engagement. There are a variety of approaches to rumour identification that can be maintained during a preparedness phase and rapidly scaled during an emergency. These approaches must be tailored to the local context and take into account social media penetration, trusted influencers, and existing infrastructure. This chapter provides an overview of a rumour identification and analysis process, and offers two case studies from the COVID-19 pandemic: working with community-based informants and social media in Côte d’Ivoire, and partnering with a national hotline in Mozambique. In each case, we will describe how themes emerging from the rumour-tracking system informed the national COVID-19 response.
Epistemic Violators: Disinformation in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Dragomir Marius , Aslama Horowitz Minna
Published: January 2024

Disinformation poses a significant challenge to epistemic rights globally, but the phenomenon manifests differently and is promoted by different actors in different countries and regions. The capture of legacy journalistic outlets and the creation of journalism-like sites without journalistic principles and ethics by commercial and political actors have resulted in the significant erosion of epistemic rights in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Based on three mapping projects created by the Media and Journalism Research Centre, formerly the Centre for Media, Data and Society, at Central European University, this chapter showcases shifts in economic and political conditions of epistemic rights in CEE by focusing on entities that violate epistemic rights by deliberately promoting disinformation in the region.
Epistemic Rights, Information Inequalities, and Public Policy
Authors: Napoli Philip M.
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the range of information inequalities that are fundamentally connected with the notion of epistemic rights and considers the various ways that public policy has—or could—address these inequalities. As this chapter illustrates, information inequalities permeate many aspects of the contemporary news and information ecosystem. This chapter considers well-established information inequalities such as the digital divide and disparities in media ownership as well as newer information inequalities, such as news deserts, disinformation divides, and algorithmic bias. This chapter is intended as a starting point for deeper conversations about how public policy can systematically address various forms of information inequality and thereby enhance individual and collective epistemic rights.
Epistemic Rights and Right to Information in Brazil and Mexico
Authors: Paulino Fernando Oliveira , Dutra Luma Poletti
Published: January 2024

Using the experiences of two Latin American countries, Brazil and Mexico, this article analyses one aspect of the broad concept of epistemic rights: the right to information. This article aims to understand the strategies used to defend the approval of access to information laws in both countries and the ongoing challenges to guaranteeing this right in both countries after the implementation stage. The findings show that there was an effort in Mexico to detach the theme from the journalistic sphere to show its importance to different audiences. Meanwhile, in Brazil, there was a link to the rights to memory and truth. In both countries, the difficulties that arise concern the protection of the norm and its enforcement bodies in the face of different political scenarios.
Entwicklung und Stand der Forschung zum unterstützten Wohnen von Menschen mit intellektuellen Beeinträchtigungen in Deutschland
Authors: Seifert Monika , Metzler Heidrun
Published: January 2024

Ausgehend von der Kritik an der Betreuung von Menschen mit Behinderung, die bis Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts ausschließlich in Anstalten möglich war, werden wesentliche Etappen der Wohnforschung in Deutschland seit den 1980er Jahren dargestellt. Die Forschungsprojekte spiegeln die Veränderungsprozesse, die mit sozialpolitischen Entwicklungen und dem stetigen Wandel der Leitprinzipien einhergingen. Schwerpunkte sind Bestandsaufnahmen der Prozesse der Enthospitalisierung und Deinstitutionalisierung, Untersuchungen unterschiedlicher Wohnsettings hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkungen auf Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe und die Verbesserung der individuellen Lebensqualität. In jüngeren Jahren werden Konversionsprozesse in Komplexeinrichtungen, die Rolle von Mitarbeitenden und Angehörigen, Wohnen bei alters- oder behinderungsbedingt spezifischen Bedarfen und Fragen der Organisationsentwicklung, der lokalen Unterstützungssysteme, der Sozialplanung sowie der Quartiersentwicklung in den Blick genommen.
Teacher Intervention in Collaborative Mathematics Problem Solving in Secondary School
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Wei Hang
Published: January 2024

In PISA 2015, students from four China mainland cities/provinces performed worse in collaborative problem solving (CPS) than in other subjects. While student collaboration has been widely implemented in Chinese classrooms since 2001, empirical research on the role and intervention of teachers is still quite scarce. Influenced by international and national tests, open-ended tasks have been widely developed and used during mathematics lessons, which are seen as more suitable for CPS. In this paper, we investigated the effect of teacher intervention during pair and group CPS by experimenting with four teachers in eight classes, then selected a few typical cases and analysed their effect on task performance regarding intervention focus and means. Three of the four teachers’ interventions proved effective. The most and least effective teachers were selected for the case study. We discussed the effect of teacher intervention in terms of intervention styles and control. Because teachers in Chinese/Western classrooms differ in authority, we discussed intervention styles and offered suggestions for choosing and carefully implementing appropriate forms of group collaboration.
A Study of Conflict Discourse in Mathematical Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Zhao Jingbo
Published: January 2024

Conflicts are more common in collaborative problem solving and can be a prelude to effective collaboration. In this chapter, 35 four-student groups from the project are selected for analysing conflict and negotiation in the process of collaborative problem solving through discourse analysis theory. Results of this study suggested that conflict and negotiation play a critical role in effective collaborative problem solving. In a general sense, conflict and detente are two common states in interpersonal communication, as well as two normal states of discourse choice (including speech act, sentence, vocabulary, etc.) and linguistic power game in the context of language use. Implications for collaborative learning in mathematics classrooms were discussed from both teacher and student perspectives.
Estimating the Impacts of Seasonal Variations of Streetscape on Dockless Bike Sharing Trip with Street View Images and Computer Vision
Authors: Zhao Yongqin , Wang Sijia , Chen Difan , Huang Kaijie , Zhang Siyuan , Qiu Waishan , Li Wenjing
Published: January 2024

A significant portion of the cycling experience is influenced by the streetscape, and this impact varies throughout the year. The temporal dynamic of streetscape has been neglected in most previous studies, including urban public mobility route choices. This paper examines the correlation between dockless bike sharing and streetscape as well as spatial elements in different seasons using a large amount of GPS bike trajectory data collected by LIME. The study shows that: (1) DBS volume is significantly influenced by seasonal streetscape factors such as roads, cars, sidewalks, tree, and vegetation color; (2) How significantly these seasonal factors affect DBS volume differs in summer and autumn; (3) In both summer and autumn models, non-seasonal factors like mixed land use score, street network connectivity, etc., are significant. Some non-seasonal factors only impact the DBS volume in one season; (4) When adding subjective perception to models of both seasons, model explanatory does get improved very slightly.
Designing a Systematic Experiment to Investigate the Effect of Ambient Smell on Human Emotions in the Indoor Space; Introducing a Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: Kafaei Mohsen , Burry Jane , Latifi Mehrnoush , Ciorciari Joseph
Published: January 2024

Studies have indicated that built environments affect all aspects of human life such as emotion, perception, behavior, health, and well-being (Cooper et al. 2011). Built environments are formed from the combination and juxtaposition of visible and invisible environmental variables. In recent years, common techniques such as virtual reality, augmented reality, digital twins, and artificial intelligence have enabled researchers in the field of architecture and urban design to simulate environmental conditions to investigate the impacts of environmental variables on humans. However, the studies conducted in this field of human comfort are mostly focused on the impact of environmental variables such as form, temperature, humidity, and sound, and in fewer studies, up-to-date methods and technologies have been used to simulate and investigate the impact of smell on humans. Most of the studies that have investigated the effect of ambient smell on humans, carried out in the discipline of architecture and urban design, have used traditional tools and methods (questionnaire, interview, observation) rather than advanced technology and tools drawing on neuroscientific knowledge and technique to measure the effectiveness of the ambient smell on human. They have used unmasked scents or real-world environments rather than being able to simulate environmental conditions. This article highlights the significance and necessity of employing simulation methods to investigate the impact of environmental smells on humans. Additionally, it presents the methodology of an experiment for studying the effect of indoor environment smells (with a case study of an office environment in the initial phases) on human emotions, utilizing a mixed-method approach. Analysis of some parts of the data from this experiment showed that exposure to the fragrance of the jasmine flower pleasant (flower) and the odor of the rotten orange peel (unpleasant) can cause changes in the electroencephalography (EEG) power across different bands among participants.
Animate Concrete: Materialization of Concrete Element Kinetic Assemblies
Authors: Mehdizadeh Samim , Tessmann Oliver
Published: January 2024

Animate Concrete informs building elements for motion and future reuse. This paper gives technical insight into strategies to reconfigure building systems with lightweight and movable concrete elements. Animate Concrete asks, what if architecture becomes an ever-changing system built with lightweight but heavy-looking elements that can move, assemble and disassemble through a gentle human touch? This vision allows for a versatile space, adaptation, and reconfigurability. Animate Concrete furthermore seeks to provide novel strategies to minimize material consumption for building elements by rotoforming thereby significantly reducing the weight of robotically precast concrete elements.
Threading Cellular Architecture Geometries
Authors: González Alberto Fernandez , Karastathi Nikoletta
Published: January 2024

In the massive computer architecture known as cellular automata (CA), finite-state machines, also known as finite-state automata, are arranged in a discontinuous network that permits local interactions between neighbors. As self-organizing artificial systems, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms, developed from vast systems formed with essential elements and just local interactions, CA is mainly related to artificial intelligence (AI) (a seed interacts with its own neighbors, which are usually just the cells closer to the seed as an activator). In order to produce architectural spaces of various sizes, this research develops digital experiments that analyze the interactions between environmental conditions as input, CA as generator/propagator, and geometrical emergent patterns from knitting and weaving processes as translators/mediators. This method functions as a bottom-up strategy in which information from the environment can influence the activation and deactivation of rules, theoretically fostering a reprogrammable structure that can evolve.
An extremely rare serovar of Salmonella enterica (Yopougon) discovered in a Western Whip Snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) from Montecristo Island, Italy: case report and review
Authors: De Bene Andrea Francesco , Russini Valeria , Corradini Carlo , Vita Silvia , Pecchi Sabrina , De Marchis Maria Laura , Terracciano Giuliana , Focardi Claudia , Montemaggiori Alessandro , Zuffi Marco Alberto Luca , Weill François-Xavier , Bossù Teresa
Published: January 2024

Reptiles, including snakes, can be asymptomatically infected with multiple pathogen microorganisms, including Salmonella spp., which is considered an important concern for public and animal health. Small and uninhabited isles are quite ecologically different from mainland and represent interesting fields of study, to discover unexpected biological and microbiological aspects of their wild inhabitants. This work reports the presence of the very rare Salmonella enterica serovar Yopougon, isolated in a carcass of a native wild snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) from an Italian uninhabited island of Mediterranean Sea, Montecristo. To our knowledge, S. enterica serovar Yopougon was previously isolated only once 34 years earlier in Ivory Coast, from a human fecal sample. In the present study, we present the genomic characterization of the new isolate, the phylogenetic comparison with the previously isolated S. enterica serovar Yopougon strain of human origin and with other sequences available in public databases. In addition, an extensive review of available data in the literature and from our case history is provided. Our finding represents an example of the ability of some pathogens to travel for very long distances within their hosts and then to infect others, even from different taxa.
Standardisierte und qualitätsgesicherte prädiktive PD-L1-Testung im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Baretton G. , Lordick F. ,   Die Interdisziplinäre Expertengruppe, Gaiser T. , Hofheinz R. , Horst D. , Lorenzen S. , Möhler M. , Röcken C. , Schirmacher P. , Stahl M. , Thuss-Patience P. , Tiemann K.
Published: January 2024

Infolge der hohen Zulassungsdynamik sowie der wachsenden Anzahl an immunonkologischen Therapiekonzepten nimmt die Komplexität der Therapieentscheidung und -steuerung im Bereich der Karzinome des Ösophagus, gastroösophagealen Übergangs und Magens stetig zu. Da die Indikationsstellung bei den derzeit in der Europäischen Union zugelassenen PD-1-Inhibitoren häufig an die Expression von PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1) gekoppelt ist, ist die Bestimmung dieses gewebebasierten prädiktiven Markers durch die Pathologie für die Stratifizierung der Behandlung von maßgeblicher Bedeutung. Auch wenn die immunhistochemische Bestimmung des PD-L1-Expressionsstatus zu den am besten untersuchten, therapierelevanten Biomarkern für eine immunonkologische Behandlung gehört, ergeben sich aufgrund der hohen Heterogenität der Karzinome des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts im klinisch-diagnostischen Alltag Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Implementierung, Standardisierung und Interpretation der Testung. Eine interdisziplinäre Expertengruppe aus Deutschland hat zu relevanten Fragen aus dem klinisch-pathologischen Alltag Stellung bezogen, die das Ausgangsmaterial, die qualitätsgesicherte Testung und die Befundinterpretation betreffen und Empfehlungen für eine strukturierte Befunderstellung erarbeitet.
Mosses recognized as glacial relicts from their postglacial distribution in Poland
Authors: Drzymulska Danuta
Published: January 2024

Some glacial relict (mosses) have survived from the Ice Age up to the present time in specific, long-lasting habitats. Mires are one of the most common ecosystems in which they are present. In this paper the past distribution of eight species of such peat-forming mosses in Poland in the past is discussed. The distribution and dates of previously published moss finds in Poland have been mapped. In almost every case the largest number of places where they were found was in northern, or more precisely northeast Poland. A significant difference in the number of known find sites for individual species and many sites of unknown age were found. The rarest moss was definitely Cinclidium stygium and the most frequent was Meesia triquetra. Data on the distribution of mosses in the Late Glacial and Holocene proved to be scarcer than expected. Only a few sites were found where the occurrence of species such as Meesia triquetra, Calliergon giganteum, Tomentypnum nitens, Pseudocalliergon trifarium, Helodium blandowii and Scorpidium scorpioides was fairly continuous for this period. Therefore, the status of these mosses as glacial relicts seems to merit some thought. Certainly, there is a further need for high resolution research on bryophyte macrofossils, combined with accurate dating.