bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Alat Navigasi Radar Di Atas Kapal MV. Tanto Mandiri Saat Memasuki Alur Pelayaran Sempit
Authors: Fitrial Denny , Purba Damoyanto , Setiawan Andi
Published: December 2022

Pelayaran merupakan salah satu sarana transportasi angkutan laut yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 17 tahun 2008 tentang pelayaran, yang menjadi sarana sarana vital untuk menghubungan antara pulau pulau di Indonesia mengingat Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan. Begitupun dalam pelayaran, manusia memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam keselamatan pada saat kapal berlayar, terutama pada saat melakukan penjagaan dan pengamatan saat kapal berlayar, khususnya di alur pelayaran sempit. Terkait dengan keadaan laut yang ada di Indonesia semakin ramai kapal kapal yang melintasi lautan Indonesia khususnya di alur pelayaran sempit yang memiliki risiko yang tinggi tubrukan, maka untuk mencegah dan mengurangi risiko bahaya tubrukan di alur pelayaran sempit, maka dari sisi kecakapan perwira di atas kapal dalam melakukan pengamatan saat memasuki alur pelayaran sempit, baik dengan penglihatan, pendengaran dan alat bantu navigasi elektronik yang ada di atas kapal, salah satu contoh yaitu RADAR. Pada saat kita akan melalui alur pelayaran sempit, maka dibutuhkan kecakapan dalam menggunakan RADAR, penggunaan RADAR bukan hanya menentukan posisi, haluan, jarak kapal dengan objek di sekitar kapal, tapi juga dalam keadaan cuaca buruk dan jarak pandang terbatas yang meningkatkan risiko tubrukan di alur pelayaran sempit. Oleh karena itu RADAR sangat berguna pada saat cuaca buruk, keadaan berkabut, dan berlayar dimalam hari apabila penunjuk alur pelayaran seperti lampu suar, dan pelampung tidak dapat diamati. Jadi penggunaan alat navigasi RADAR akan sangat membantu perwira jaga untuk mengurangi risiko tubrukan di atas kapal
Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Pada Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS) Untuk Kelancaran Pada Sistem Pendinginan Air Laut Dan Kondensasi Di Kondensasi Utama Pada Kapal LNG Ekaputra1
Authors: Simatupang Desamen , Ridwan Mohamad , Supardi Supardi , Pratama Hendy
Published: December 2022

MGPS merupakan pesawat 4bantu4 yang4 berfungsi untuk memperlambat penumbuhan biota4laut4pada system sirkulasi pendingin yang4digunakan4diatas kapal. MGPS tersebut menghasilkan sodium hypoclorite (NaClO) 4dari4proses elektrolisis4air4laut (dengan4menggunakan4bantuan4arus4listrik4lemah) yang berfungsi sebagai anti fouling untuk4memperlambat4penumbuhan biota4laut disistem pendinginan air laut. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk4mengetahui cara mengatasi kerak dan4korosi yang terjadi pada pipa di saluran output MGPS. Manfaat peneliitian ini Untuk4menambah4wawasan4dan4pengetahuan4bagi pembaca mengenai permasalahan kinerja4pada (MGPS) Marine4Growth4Prevention System. Metode yang di gunakan penelitian4ini penulis4menggunakan4metode penelitian4deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini mengganti pipa dengan yang baru, sesuai dengan ukuran standard pipa yang berlaku pada kapal dengan kualitas yang terbaik Sesuai prosedur instruksi buku manual dari Marine Growth Prevention System agar dapat meningkatkan kerja pada instalasi Marine Growth Prevention System, serta dengan membongkar (overhaul) electrolytic cell dengan tujuan mengecek, membersihkan dan mengganti plate anoda atau katoda jika ada yang rusak. Kesimpulan yang di dapat kurangnya perawatan secara berkala yang dilakukan oleh crew kamar mesin, dan kurangnya pemahaman mengenai pengoperasian instalasi Marine Growth Prevention system (MGPS), sesuai dengan buku manual dari instalasi ini, sehingga plate anoda dan katoda yang dimiliki Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS) dipenuhi oleh kotoran putih atau kristal garam, serta abnormalitas yang terjadi dalam menaikkan supply output arus listrik dari Marine Growth Prevention system (MGPS), sehingga perlu dilakukan (overhaul) pada electrolytic cell yaitu dengan membongkar dengan tujuan mengecek, membersihkan, dan mengganti plate anoda dan katoda jika ada yang rusak
Analisis Terjadinya Penurunan Jumlah Produksi Air Tawar Pada Reverse Osmosis Water Maker Di MT. Bratasena
Authors: Humam Naufal , Fitrial Denny , Purba Damoyanto
Published: December 2022

Reverse Sea Water Osmosis adalah suatu permesinan bantu yang dioperasikan untuk mengubah air laut menjadi air tawar dengan menggunakan prinsip tekanan. Dengan menggunakan tekanan tinggi air laut akan dapat diubah menjadi air tawar melalui proses penyaringan kotoran atau molekul garam melewati membrane semipermeabel. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penyebab dari jumlah produksi air tawar tidak sesuai target. Manfaat peneliitian ini untuk merupakan salah satu masukan dalam membantu dan menambah pengetahuan dari masinis dalam Reverse Osmosis Water Maker. Metode yang di guanakan dalam penelitian ini Studi Kasus dan Deskriptif Kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini dibutuhkan koordinasi antara crew kapal yaitu masinis 2 dengan Chief Engineer dan juga seluruh crew mesin untuk meningkatkan perencanaan yang matang guna menunjang produksi air tawar sehingga berjalan dengan lancar dan menghindari miscommunication ataupun permasalahan yang sama terjadi kembali, serta memberikan perhatian lebih dengan cara mengupayakan adanya suku cadang pada pesawat bantu Reverse Osmosis Water Maker di atas kapal selalu tersedia. Kesimpulan yang di dapat jumlah produksi air tawar yang tidak sesuai target disebabkan kondisi air laut dan juga waktu perjalanan yang sebentar, selain itu terjadinya penyumbatan pada catridge filters yang menyebabkan Reverse Osmosis Water Maker mengalami shut down atau bisa dibilang mati mesin, serta terlambatnya pengadaan suku cadang dan kurangnya perhatian pada pesawat bantu tersebut di atas kapal menjadi faktor penyebab dari kurangnya suku cadang di atas kapal.
FETAL SONOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS BETWEEN GESTATIONAL DIABETIC AND NORMAL PREGNANT WOMEN.
Authors: Sharma Anil , Sharma Sheetal , Ahmed Bhat Shabir
Published: December 2022

Background– Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is dened as intolerance of glucose seen during pregnancy and is
associated with fetal and maternal morbidity. The aim of our study was to measure various fetal sonographic parameters such
as fetal biometry, fetal liver length (FLL), amniotic uid deepest pocket (AFDP), placental thickness, inter ventricular (IV) septum thickness,
Wharton's jelly area and fetal abdominal fat thickness (FAFT) during 21-24 weeks of gestation and comparison of these parameters between
Gestational diabetic and normal pregnant women. Tot Methods: al patients selected in our study were 100 in number, of which 50 had GDM and 50
were normal pregnant women. Fetal standard biometry with additional parameters were measured on transabdominal scan from 21-24 weeks. Fetal
sonographic measurements and patients characteristics were measured and compared between two groups. P-value was evaluated along with mean,
standard deviation, mean difference and condence interval Patient characteristics and standard fetal Results: biometric parameters were
comparable except for femur length (FL), mean femur length was signicantly greater in GDM women compared to normal pregnant women (39.20
± 0.70 vs. 38.36 ± 1.20, p = 0.001). Mean values in GDM vs. normal pregnent women were, fetal placental thickness in mm ( 42.28 ± 2.09 vs. 33.24 ±
1.70, p = 0.001), amniotic uid maximum vertical pocket in mm (54.96 ± 1.24 vs. 44.46 ± 1.06, p = 0.001), fetal abdomen fat layer thickness in mm
(3.59 ± 0.17 vs. 3.46 ± 0.15, p = 0.001), inter ventricular septum thickness in mm (3.71 ± 0.13 vs. 3.63 ± 0.16, p = 0.001), fetal liver length in mm
(36.48± 1.15 vs. 31.86 ± 0.90, p = 0.001), Wharton jelly area in mm2 (115.26 ± 1.96 vs. 109.34 ± 4.81, p = 0.001), Fetal sonographic Conclusion:
parameters are signicantly increased in GDM women compared to normal pregnant women even before 24 weeks. Measurements of these
parameters in routine practice could be used to monitor fetal growth and hence can prevent fatal complications.
PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN DENTAL IMPLANT THERAPY: A REVIEW
Authors: M. Sehgal Monika , Kapur Smriti , Upadhyaya Viram , Arora Aman , Sabharwal Niharika , Phutela Megha
Published: December 2022

Photobiomodulation (PBM) or formerly known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is nothing but low-dosage biophotonics for therapy which presents an advancing new era of regenerative modalities in dental implantology. It utilizes light emitting diodes (LEDs), broad light sources and lasers for this purpose. Photobiomodulation is intended for relieving pain and inammation, regulating immune responses as well as stimulating wound healing and tissue regeneration. This helps in combatting the main pathological causes of implant failures that are, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis as well as helps promote osseointegration and improve stability of implants. While the scope of photobiomodulation has been thoroughly investigated in in-vitro and animal studies, human clinical trials are still scarce which makes appropriate protocol formation with respect to dosage and mode of delivery among other parameters difcult. A recently introduced and potential application of photobiomodulation in the eld of implantology aims to deliver the positive effects of biophotonics through in-situ ambulatory PBM therapy called the smart dental implant (SDI) system. This comprehensive review presents the current and future trends in the application of photobiomodulation in the eld of dental implantology.
CBCT –THE GOLDEN GLORY OF PROSTHODONTICS: A REVIEW
Authors: M. Sehgal Monika , Kapur Smriti , Upadhyaya Viram , Arora Aman , Chandrama Chandrama
Published: December 2022

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT, also referred to as C-arm computed tomography [CT], cone beam volume CT,
or at panel CT) is a medical imaging technique of X-ray CT where the X-rays are divergent,forming a cone. It provides a
complete 3D view of the maxilla, mandible, teeth, and supporting structures with relatively high resolution allowing a more accurate diagnosis,
treatment planning and monitoring, and analysis of outcomes than conventional 2D images, along with low radiation exposure to the patient. This
article is intended to elaborate and enunciate on the various applications and benets of CBCT, in the realm of maxillofacial prosthodontics, over
and beyond its obvious benets in the rehabilitation of patients with implants. A web-based search for relevant articles in this specic area of
interest was also conducted.The selected articles were critically reviewed and the data acquired were systematically compiled.
“There will be no shortage of books… or money to purchase them.” Education and the Reputation of the Library of the College of Artillery in Segovia as a Scientific and Publishing Centre
Authors: Herrero Fernández-Quesada María Dolores
Published: December 2022

Charles III arrived in Spain from Naples accompanied by a multidisciplinary team of military advisers, including Count Gazzola from Piacenza, who had already drawn up his plans for the urgent military reforms required for the artillery. These included the institutionalisation of that branch of the army and the foundation of the college for artillery officers and industrial engineers to run the military factories being taken over by the State. The most eye-catching element of this undertaking is the formation of its magnificent Enlightenment scientific library. A study of this library reveals an exceptional collection, the origins of the first books brought to the institution, the way it was organised and the military and scientific topics addressed. But its fundamental contribution can be measured in terms of results: indeed, textbooks were created for the cadets, as well as research works on military, artillery and scientific topics written by teachers from the college, and translations of important European scientific books. Finally, as a contribution to demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of the Crown’s investment in education for war, we highlight the work of three captains, showing the versatility they achieved thanks to their education at the college and their reputation outside it, in the service of society, as guiding lights of the Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País (SEAP – Economic Society of Friends of the Country) in Segovia. Without this magnificent library, the research, monographs and translations – ultimately the college’s own published works which brought it great academic credit in Enlightenment Europe – would not have been possible.
Critical Note: Representations of the continents by means of allegorical figures in the early modern period. (Bodies and Maps: Early Modern Personifications of the Continents, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz and Louise Arizzoli, Brill, Leiden 2020)
Authors: Schmale Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

In the early modern period, the representation of the continents by means of allegorical figures enjoyed great popularity. The book Bodies and Maps: Early Modern Personifications of the Continents, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz and Louise Arizzoli, is very stimulating, richly documented and fundamental with regard to the detailed source-critical examination of concrete individual visualisations of the continents. The focus of the book rather lies with the 16th century, while part 5 focuses on the 18th century. In the 18th century, continent allegories entered into the public sphere and reached broader strata in the society. In this century, Eurocentrism progressed considerably, but did not invent it. The volume’s co-authors pose the question of Eurocentrism as well as that of racism with regard to the late Middle Ages and the 16th century. Because of their widespread use, continent allegories can be counted among the most important primary sources from which we can draw conclusions about how extra-European cultures could be represented, interpreted and viewed from a European perspective. They represent much more than just an art-historical source, they are, especially when one thinks of their accessibility in public spaces for everyone, actually a historical source of the first rank, behind which not least travelogues and theoretical concepts such as the history of civilisation as a universal history compete with the Christian history of salvation in the Bible.
La fortune éditoriale du Nakaz de Catherine II en Europe du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Plavinskaia Nadezda
Published: December 2022

The Instruction of Catherine II (the Nakaz, 1767) represented an original attempt of the Russian supreme power to introduce certain ideas of the European Enlightenment into the practice of national legislation. The ‘philosophical’ origins of the Nakaz, which incorporated broad borrowings from Western eighteenth-century thinkers, ensured the empress’s work a place among the most liberal texts of the Russian Enlightenment and promoted its spread beyond borders. In the last third of the XVIII century more than thirty editions of the Nakaz in several languages – German, English, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Romanian, Swedish, Greek and Latin – circulated in Europe. Such editorial activity attested the great interest of the public opinion in the reforms announced by Catherine II at the beginning of her reign. Nevertheless, the Nakaz translations were not without consequence to the original text, having caused its modifications. An additional point is that most of these translations were initiated or supported by the people connected with Russia by their functions or by their interests.
European perspectives on China: a prescriptive turn
Authors: Abbattista Guido
Published: December 2022

From the mid-1770s onwards there was a clear shift in perspective in the way European commentators looked at China, a subject that, especially in an era defined by Paul Hazard as the crisis of European consciousness, had long appealed to Western culture as both a cognitive and more generally an intellectual challenge. The contrast between sinophilic and sinophobic attitudes, which often characterized the evolution, even temporal, of the eighteenth-century perception of Chinese reality, cannot alone explain the shifts in interest and changes of opinion that occurred towards the end of the eighteenth century. What this contribution aims to highlight is how, in some key observers of and commentators on China between the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century – from Adam Smith, Abbé Raynal and Denis Diderot, to Lord Macartney and John Barrow – one can detect perspectives and reflections that cannot be due to a simple descriptive register or to attempts at apologia or devaluation, but rather to approaches tending to include China in global comparative historical or socio-economic reasoning. And how, with that reasoning, the assumption of the superiority of the European model leads to China being seen no longer as a mere object of admiration or a source of inspiration, but as a new actor with a new role in global history. The discourse thus tends to take on, in various ways, prescriptive overtones, aimed at identifying the internal and external changes necessary for the part that, from a Western perspective, China could play in a connected world.
Il coro nell’Opera italiana del secondo Settecento: aspetti produttivi e recettivi
Authors: Mattei Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

The presence of the choir in the Opera increases in the second half of the eighteenth century on the thrust of reformist demands aimed at the hybridization of Italian and French melodramaturgy. The mechanisms of the impresarios’ system and its reception have not been adequately explored, even though they can explain the reasons for the growing importance that the choir obtained during the transition from post-metastasian Opera to romanticism. The article provides some quantitative data, referring above all to those theatrical centers that more than others hosted permanent groups of choristers, and gives a summary of the vision of the choir from the perspective of both treatise writers and theatre audience.
Claude Yvon apologeta nell’Encyclopédie. La mortalità dell’anima e i ritratti di Andrea Cesalpino e Cesare Cremonini in Aristotélisme
Authors: Lepore Valentina
Published: December 2022

The paper shows the apologetic intent of Claude Yvon (1714-1789) in his contribution to the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert (1751-1772). The article focuses on his Aristotélisme, which allows us to solve the mid-18th-century debate on whether Yvon was heterodox or orthodox. In particular, the examination concerns what Yvon expressed about the Aristotelian theory of the mortality of the soul, paying attention to the sections on the Italian Aristotelians of the Renaissance and of the modern age Andrea Cesalpino (1524 or 1525-1603) and Cesare Cremonini (1550-1631).
What Happened Over the Last 10 Years (2012 to 2021): A Bibliometric Analysis of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) Research in Southeast Asia
Authors: Guzman John Paul Matthew
Published: December 2022

This paper described the research landscape in Southeast Asia over the last 10 years (2012 to 2021) in terms of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), a shrimp disease prevalent in the region. Three hundred and ninety-six (396) records from Scopus database were screened for duplication and eligibility, to come up with a total of 155 papers used in the bibliometric analysis. Among all countries, Thailand produced the most publications, total citations, and the highest h-index. No papers from Brunei, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Timor Leste on AHPND were obtained. Southeast Asian countries had strong linkages within the region and beyond. Overlay visualization of keywords used in publications over the last 10 years showed that there was a shift in focus from the diagnosis and characterization of the disease to treatments. Interestingly, there were no significant correlations between a country’s research investments and productivity, possibly because of issues on allocation. However, there was a positive correlation between the region’s research outputs and crustacean production. Limitations of the study include the use of a single database and the exclusion of non-peer reviewed papers. Nonetheless, these results may serve as basis on policymaking on AHPND research investments, prioritization, and allocation in Southeast Asia.
Diversity and ecological importance of plants in traditional agroforestry of Sudano-sahelian domain of Cameroon: case of Meri in the Mandara Mountains
Authors: Todou Gilbert , Kamblaba Pierre , Nnanga Jeanna Flore , Djoebe Azaria
Published: December 2022

Sudano-Sahelian domain is the poorest in biodiversity because of the climate which is unfavourable compared to the equatorial climate. The unsustainable agricultural practices associated with this climatic roughness are among the main factors of habitat destruction, hence the destruction of biodiversity in this phytogeographic environment. In order to valorize and conserve sudano-sahelian plant resources, a study was carried out in seasonal agrosystems in the Mandara Mountains. The Diversity and the floristic diversity were assessed. Inventories of woody plants were done in 16 plots (100 m x 100 m) grouped in 4 localities/villages. The circumference of the trunk of all the inventoried plants (circonference ≥ 10 cm) was measured. In total, 64 species grouped 45 genera and 27 families were inventoried. The highest FIV was obtained for Mimosaceae (FIV = 104.51) and Combretaceae (FIV = 51.22), the other families had FIV < 30. Diversities in the localities (Shannon index ranging from 2.82 to 2.86 bits) were lower than diversity in whole stand (Shannon index = 3.09 bits). Acacia albida (IVI = 53.52, RI = 6.25), Acacia nilotica (IVI = 9.18, RI = 18.75), Acacia seyal (IVI = 5.19, RI = 43.75), Anogeissus leiocarpus (IVI) = 41.82, RI = 0), Balanites aegyptiaca (IVI = 14.23, RI = 12.50), Diospyros mespiliformis (IVI = 9.91, RI = 37.50), Tamarindus indica (IVI = 16.35, RI = 12.5), and Ziziphus mauritiana (IVI = 9.52, RI = 31.25) were observed in all localities. There were considered as characteristics and represent the floristic background of the stand. Traditional agrosystems can be considered as tools for the conservation of wild species useful to local populations. It would be imperative to conserve in situ wild species, source of genetic diversity for their sustainable use.
Wanda Ya Tuna Bara...: Biɗa Da Tanadi A Tsakanin Hausawa Matasa A Yau
Authors: Buba Abu-Ubaida Sani Umar , Mohammad brahim
Published: December 2022

Wannan aiki ya mayar da hankali ne kan tasirin biɗa (nema) da tanadi (tattali) ga cigaban tattalin arziƙin Bahaushe. Takardar ta yi bitar ma’anoni da kamanci da kuma wasu bambance-bambancen da ake iya samu tsakanin kalmomin guda biyu. Bayan haka, an nazarci yadda lamarin ya ke ga Bahaushen yau. Bugu da ƙari, an yi bitar gurbin biɗa da tanadi ga bunƙasar tattalin arzikin Bahaushe. Domin binciken ya kuɓuta daga jin kunyar ilimi da masu ilimi, an bi manyan hanyoyi bincike guda biyu waɗanda da su ne aka yi amfani wajen tattara bayanai yayin binciken. Hanyoyin su ne, bitar ayyukan da suka gabata da kuma tambayoyi. An ɗora aikin kan tunanin Bahaushe na “Mai nema na tare da samu.” Binciken ya gano cewa, biɗa da tanadi ba a matsayin tasiri kawai suka kasance ba, su ne ke tallafe da tattalin arzikin Bahaushe a tarihance. A ɓangare guda kuma, tasirin zamani da sauye-sauyen yanayi ya kawo sauyi ga yadda tsarin yake a baya. Hakan kuwa ya samar da giɓi bayyananne ga tattalin arziƙin Hausawa, duk kuwa da cigaban da aka samu a ɓangare guda. A bisa haka ne takardar ke ba da shawarar cewa, a yi hoɓɓasar nazartar hanyoyin ɗinke wannan ɓaraka a matakin ɗaiɗaikun al’umma da gundumomi da kuma a gwamnatance.
Openness Personality as a Mediator of the Influence Social Support Toward Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Salsabila Nadiani Hannah Fithrotien , Agus Setiawati Farida
Published: December 2022

Subjective well-being was originally considered to be an individual benchmark in achieving satisfaction in a stable life. However, there are several factors that affect the decrease and increase in subjective well-being, such as social support and personality. This study aims to determine the effect of personality openness as a mediator of the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. This type of research is ex-post facto. The research location was at SMAN 1 Pacitan Regency with a total sample of 237 students. The sample collection technique uses simple random sampling. The data collection technique uses a scale consisting of a personality openness scale, a social support scale, and a subjective welfare scale. The instrument validation technique uses the previous measuring instrument validity and reliability based on the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Data analysis used multiple regression with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant positive influence on personality openness as a mediator of the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. The mediation model in this study is known as perfect mediation because the value on path c', namely the variable social support with subjective well-being and then included the openness personality variable, found insignificant results. The percentage of the contribution of the social support variable to the subjective welfare variable which was initially 22.7% became 49.2% after including openness personality as a mediator
Consumption of systemic antibiotics in the Russian Federation in 2017–2021
Authors: Zakharenkov Ivan A. , Rachina Svetlana A. , Kozlov Roman S. , Belkova Yu.A.
Published: December 2022

Objective.
To assess level and the structure of systemic antibiotic consumption in Russia over the period 2017 to 2021.

Materials and Methods.
Data were collected and analysed in compliance with the standard protocol of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe by the means of ATC/DDD methodology for J01 group – antibacterials for systemic use. Consumption was calculated for outpatients and inpatients separately as a number of DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) for the main classes of antibiotics and the agents with the highest or the most diverse consumption levels for the given period of time, and was based on the data of wholesale purchases and public tenders.

Results.
Antibiotic consumption in Russia in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 was 16.6 DID, 14.3 DID, 14.8 DID, 19 DID, and 15.7 DID respectively. Penicillins, macrolides and lincosamides, and quinolones had the highest levels of consumption in outpatients. Prominent increase in outpatient consumption of antibacterials in 2020 was related to three agents: azithromycin, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Cephalosporins (mainly III–V generations), quinolones and penicillins had the highest levels of consumption in inpatients. Hospital consumption of meropenem, tigecycline, and vancomycin increased and amikacin and ciprofloxacin decreased over the duration of the study.

Conclusions.
Levels of systemic antibiotic consumption in Russia for the period 2017 to 2019 were relatively low and consistent with the average means for European Union and European Economic Area countries. The steep increase in consumption in 2020 was probably due to the wide use of antibiotics for the management of COVID-19 patients. The results of the study can be of value for the development of targeted national antibiotic stewardship programs and awareness campaigns as well as for the analysis of trends of emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.
İŞ BECERİKLİLİĞİ KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN BOŞLUKLARIN SOSYAL AĞ ANALİZİ İLE TESPİT EDİLMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Çalışma kapsamında yerel yazındaki iş becerikliliği kavramı araştırmalarında kullanılan anahtar kelimeler arasındaki ilişkiler bibliyometrik analiz yöntemlerinden birisi olan sosyal ağ analizi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Google Scholar veri tabanında “job crafting” anahtar kelimesi ile yapılan aramada yerel yazında yayınlanmış olan 57 adet araştırma makalesine ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan makalelerin anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak 112x112’lik bir matris oluşturulmuştur. UCİNET 6 programı yardımıyla oluşturulan matris üzerinden anahtar kelimelerin ağ haritası oluşturularak derece ve arasındalık merkeziliği hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kavramın kendisi hariç en yüksek derece merkeziliğine sahip anahtar kelimelerin sırasıyla, işe angaje olma, aracılık rolü, görev becerikliliği, işten ayrılma niyeti, dönüştürücü liderlik, lider üye etkileşimi, iş performansı, bilişsel beceriklilik ve yapısal eşitlik modeli olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bir diğer bulgu ise arasındalık merkeziliğine ilişkindir. En yüksek arasındalık merkeziliğine sahip anahtar kelimelerin sırasıyla, işe angaje olma, aracılık rolü, işten ayrılma niyeti, görev becerikliliği, iş performansı, lider üye etkileşimi, kişi örgüt uyumu, örgütsel davranış ve psikolojik iyi oluş olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla bu kavramların iş becerikliliğine ilişkin farklı araştırmalarda kullanılan anahtar sözcükler arasında bir köprü görevi gördüğü söylenebilir. Ayrıca iş becerikliliği kavramının tarihsel gelişimi incelendiğinde kavramın uluslararası yazından yaklaşık 13 yıl sonra yerel yazında araştırma konusu olduğu görülmüştür. Dahası kavramın 2019 yılından sonra araştırma konusu olarak ele alınma sıklığının arttığı bulgulanmıştır.
KOBİ’LERDE ÇEVRESEL VE SOSYAL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ VE TÜRKİYE KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: ÇOBAN KUMBALI Hatice , İNCEKARA Mustafa , SARIKAYA Mehtap
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, hem KOBİ’lerin sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetlerinin analiz edilmesi hem de sürdürülebilirliğin genellikle göz ardı edilen sosyal boyutuyla beraber değerlendirilmesi bakımından literatüre katkı sunmaktadır. Çalışmada 28 ülkeden ve 11.418 KOBİ’den toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’ne aday ülke statüsünde olan ve ihracatının önemli bir miktarını AB ülkelerine yapan Türkiye ile 27 Avrupa ülkesinde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lerin sürdürebilirlik uygulamaları karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın en dikkat çekici sonucu Türkiye’nin çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında AB ülkelerinin gerisinde kalmaması, hatta bazı kalemlerde öne çıkmasıdır. Buna karşın, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’ler, AB ülkelerinde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lere oranla daha fazla sürdürülebilirlik konusunda engellerle karşılaştıklarını ifade etmektedirler. Sürdürülebilirliğin kârlı olmayacağına dair inancın Türkiye’de daha fazla olması, engeller bakımından AB ülkeleriyle en büyük farkı oluşturan faktör olarak bulunmuştur.
CO2 EMİSYONU VE EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ BAĞLAMINDA N-11 ÜLKELERİNDE ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ
Authors: YILMAZ Ömer , ÇAMKAYA Serhat
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezinin kullanılan çevresel bozulma göstergeleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığına dair literatürde devam eden tartışmalara yeni bir bakış açısı getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, ekolojik ayak izi ve CO2 emisyonuna odaklanılmaktadır. CO2 emisyonu bağımlı değişkeni için 1986-2018; ekolojik ayak izi bağımlı değişkeni için 1986-2016 dönem arasındaki yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, ilgili dönem aralıklarında, 9 tane N-11 ülkesinde, CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde, ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve nüfus yoğunluğunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak kesitsel bağımlılığı dikkate alan CIPS birim kök testi ve Westerlund eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Tahmin metodunda ise kesitsel bağımlılığı ve eğim heterojenliğini dikkate alan AMG ve CCEMG yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, N-11 ülkelerinde EKC hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde enerji tüketiminin beklendiği gibi pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu, nüfus yoğunluğunun ise istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu makalede, politika yapıcılara sürdürülebilir çevresel ve ekonomik kalkınma için bir dizi politika önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
TYPES OF MORAL BEHAVIORS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS: PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY ETHICS RESEARCH
Authors: KUZU Kamile , POLAT Ferihan
Published: December 2022

The mentality for Turkish political morality, based on the structural diseases of the Turkish public administration inherited from the Ottoman Empire, has its own peculiarity. Studies on political and administrative ethics within the discipline of public governance in Turkey, date back to after 1980. This study aimed to explain which moral behavior that the executives exhibit in Turkish public governance. For this purpose, an questionnaire was conducted on a sample group of 110 people consisting of Pamukkale University administrators, based on the case studies of Steinberg and Austern. The results analyzed after the research were evaluated according to these analyzes, the executive personnel in Turkish public management exhibit a more duty-ridden moral attitude.
AKILLI KENT VİZYONU VE BALIKESİR AKILLI KENT GİRİŞİMLERİ
Authors: ÖNER Şerif , ÇAM Barış
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde göç ve doğal artışa bağlı nedenlerle kentlerde yaşanan nüfus artışı beraberinde çeşitli sorunları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kirlilik, güvenlik, ekonomik sorunlar, altyapı ihtiyaçlarının artması, üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişimi, eşitsizliklerin artması, sosyal sermeyenin dengesiz dağılımı vb. bunlardan sadece bir kaçıdır. Bu ve benzerlerinin küresel ölçekte tüm dünya kentlerinin sorunu haline dönüşmesi çözüm arayışlarının hızlanmasına neden olmuştur. Teknolojik araçlar, kentin artan sorunlarının belirlenmesi, ölçülmesi, analiz edilmesi, paylaşılması ve çözüm odaklı sonuçlara erişilmesinde yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Akıllı kent kapsamı gereği pek çok sektörü ve/veya yaşam alanını etkilemesi nedeniyle geniş bir çerçevede ele alınmaktadır: Ekonomi, çevre, yaşam kalitesi, ulaşım, yönetim ve insan. Çalışmada akıllı kent kavramına ilişkin gerçekleşen akıllı kent çözümleri Balıkesir ili örneğinde ele almaktadır.
A CONFLICT RESOLUTION PRACTICE OF THE IDEALIST PEACE PROJECT: LEAGUE OF NATIONS' MEDIATION IN THE MOSUL QUESTION
Authors: AYTEKİN Cavit Emre
Published: December 2022

The idealist peace project after the end of World War I realized various principles-based regulations and conventions to provide a new international peace and stability. One such arrangement was the rule that conflicts and disputes should be resolved under the auspices of these principles within the League of Nations. Representing the international community, the League successfully fulfilled this responsibility in many cases and established procedures for settling territorial disputes. However the case of Mosul Question between 1925-1926, considerable divergences in that structure became evident. This article examines Mosul Question as a mediation process through the arguements and proposals that reveal the expectations of the parties or their departure from the idealist peace project. Findings based on archival documents, commission reports, and sources from that period reveal that while the British government avoided practices of the idealist peace project, the Turkish government made more explicit appeals to implement them in the case considered as an opportunity for the League of Nations to foster confidence between the Eastern and Western parts of the World.
THE IMPACT OF LANDSCAPE CHANGES ON STORMWATER RUNOFF
Authors: Сергей Александрович Анциферов, , Наталья Викторовна Маслова, , Людмила Владимировна Грызунова,
Published: December 2022

Федеральный закон № 416 «О водоснабжении и водоотведении» регулирует правовые отношения в сфере коммунального хозяйства. Расчёт объема поверхностного стока проводится на основании нормативно-технических документов и рекомендаций и заключается договор на услуги водоотведения с объектами хозяйствования. Фактические условия часто отличаются от проектных и, при переходе на коммерческие отношения, расчётные значения количества стока оказываются в разы больше фактического, а иногда сток и полностью отсутствует. В статье приводятся результаты обследования и расчета фактического количества поверхностных сточных вод, поступающих в ливневую канализацию, в зависимости от объёма выпавших осадков (дождя), с учётом микрорельефа территории муниципального образования «Школа №10» г. Тольятти. Авторами проведены дополнительные изыскания исследуемого объекта, особенно в зонах, где проводился ремонт твердого покрытия, укладывался новый бордюрный камень, плитка. Показано, что дополнительные изыскания, расчет, построение продольных профилей способны существенно повысить достоверность определения направлений и уклонов водостоков, расчёта площадей и объемов неорганизованного водостока.

The federal law No 416 On water supply and water disposal regulates legal relations in the field of public utilities. On the basis of regulatory and technical documents and norms, they calculate the volume of surface runoff and sign a contract with management facilities for wastewater disposal services. The actual conditions often differ from the design ones and, when switching to commercial relations, the calculated values of the amount of runoff are often several times greater than the actual one, or sometimes there is no runoff at all. The article presents the results of the survey and calculation of the actual amount of surface wastewater entering the storm sewer, depending on the amount of precipitation (rain), taking into account the microrelief of the territory of the School No. 10, Togliatti-city. We additionally researched the object under study, especially in areas where the hard surface was repaired and where a new curb stone and tile were laid. We clearly demonstrate that additional researches, calculation and construction of the longitudinal profiles are capable to increase the reliability of directions and slopes for drains.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE MIXING CHAMBER OF A COMBIFILTER FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Альберт Албиерович Ширниех,
Published: December 2022

Задача по обеспечению требований санитарных правил и норм с каждым годом становится всё сложнее. Требования становятся все жестче, стоки грязнее, а их объёмы всё больше. Для решения этой проблемы необходимы новые методы очистки воды, один из которых предлагается автором и заключается в использовании комбинированного фильтра. С помощью современных технологий компьютерного моделирования рассмотрена конструкция камеры и оптимизировано конструкторское решение для достижения наилучшего результата. Приведены результаты моделирования камеры перемешивания при различных вариантах организации перелива. Проведен сравнительный анализ двух способов дозирования реагентов: в камеру перемешивания и в патрубок исходной воды. Исследованы линии движения потоков, в результате выявлено, что в нижней части камеры перемешивания из-за ровного днища образуются завихрения, которые будут разрушать образовавшиеся хлопья. Для решения этой проблемы предложено добавить на нижнюю часть камеры конусную вставку для более плавного протекания потока. Предлагаемая конструкция камеры перемешивания позволит не только повысить эффективность водоподготовки, но и уменьшить площади, занимаемые оборудованием.

The task of ensuring the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations is becoming more and more difficult every year. The requirements are getting tougher, the drains are dirtier, and their volumes are increasing. To solve this problem, new methods of water purification are needed. We offer one which consists in using a combined filter. With the help of modern computer modeling technologies, we consider the camera design, and the design solution is optimized to achieve the best result. We presented the results of modeling the mixing chamber for various versions of overflow organization. We carried out a comparative analysis of two methods of dosing reagents: into the mixing chamber and into the source water pipe. We investigated the flow lines, and as a result it was revealed that vortices formed in the lower part of the mixing chamber due to the flat bottom may destroy the flakes formed. To solve this problem, we offer to add a cone insert to the lower part of the chamber for a smoother flow. The proposed design of the mixing chamber will not only increase the efficiency of water treatment, but also reduce the area occupied by the equipment.
El silencio como materialización del consentimiento del Estado en materia arbitral: Una mirada crítica al artículo 5 del Reglamento a la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación
Authors: Arroyo Zúñiga Valeria Eduarda , Alfonzo León José Daniel
Published: December 2022

Una de las grandes innovaciones del Reglamento a la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación a nuestro sistema arbitral, toma punto de partida en su artículo quinto, donde se exponen los presupuestos de aceptación del convenio arbitral bajo las diferentes modalidades de contratación con el Estado. En el presente trabajo se discutirán los aspectos relevantes de esta disposición, particularmente, su utilidad práctica, deficiencias e incluso, aquellas zonas grises que podrían generar debate por la propia composición de la norma.
Tutela arbitral efectiva y silencio administrativo positivo
Authors: Rojas Hernández Jesús Augusto
Published: December 2022

La consagratoria del silencio positivo en aquellos casos donde los administrados presentan acuerdos de arbitraje a la Administración para someter las disputas derivadas de las relaciones entre estas a arbitraje, ha traído debate para la comunidad arbitral, debido a que todavía existen ráfagas de los paradigmas de la justicia en el Derecho público, donde se considera que es un riesgo para la Administración someterse a un procedimiento arbitral. En el presente trabajo pretendemos desmitificar esos principios de otrora del Derecho público y mostrar como la institución del silencio administrativo positivo pretende que la Administración y los particulares puedan someterse a procedimientos arbitrales con pleno respeto a sus garantías procesales.
El laudo Singue, ¿una evolución en la interpretación de la institución del daño moral bajo la legislación ecuatoriana?
Authors: Andrade Camila
Published: December 2022

La casuística reciente trae a discusión un tema relevante como el daño moral contractual. Este ensayo está orientado a revisar su procedencia bajo la ley ecuatoriana y los pronunciamientos que al respecto se han dictado tanto por la justicia ordinaria como por
tribunales arbitrales.
La sección 1782 del título 28 del código de Estados Unidos y sus implicaciones dentro del Arbitraje Internacional y de Inversiones
Authors: Gómez de la Torre Blanca , Vásconez J. Steven
Published: December 2022

El discovery es una herramienta utilizada para la obtención de prueba en posesión de los residentes y nacionales de los Estados Unidos de América (también “EE. UU.”). Esta era utilizada por las partes intervinientes en los foros de arbitraje para ir un poco más allá en la producción de prueba por parte de los residentes del país previamente mencionado, sin embargo, su aplicación no era clara y tenía divididos a los tribunales de circuito en los EE.UU. Esto ocasionó que la Corte Suprema de dicho país decidiera dar su interpretación de la Sección 1782 del Título 28 del Código de Estados Unidos con el fin de terminar con las interpretaciones divididas, no obstante, aún quedarían espacios para interpretación. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto que esta decisión puede tener dentro de los foros de arbitraje al no ser el único medio de producción de prueba y solo ser aplicable a la persona residente o nacional de los EE. UU.
Construyendo un estándar aplicable: La prueba para mejor resolver bajo el artículo 23 de la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación
Authors: Toscano Andrade David , Ortega Abad Gabriela , Rodas Merino Adriana
Published: December 2022

La prueba para mejor resolver contenida en el artículo 23 de la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación (“LAM”) no es una norma que faculta a las partes a solicitar prueba adicional de manera libre e indiscriminada. Se trata de una potestad discrecional del tribunal arbitral y, si bien esta puede operar a petición de parte, su aplicación es excepcional y, por ende, restrictiva. Como consecuencia del carácter excepcional, la solicitud de prueba para mejor resolver debe cumplir con requisitos específicos, sin los cuales esta no puede operar. Por lo tanto, resulta indispensable la construcción de un estándar para la correcta aplicación de esta norma.
ОБЪЕМЫ ПАМЯТИ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ-ПОДРОСТКОВ, ЖИВУЩИХ В ГОРОДСКОЙ И СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ
Authors: Магомедова З.А. , Джамбетова М.О.
Published: December 2022

В работе исследованы объемы памяти у сельских и городских детей подросткового возраста. У детей-подростков были изучены объемы кратковременной и долговременной слуховой памяти на числа. При сравнении объемов кратковременной памяти между детьми не были выявлены достоверные различия, хотя объемы памяти были выше у городских школьников. При изучении объемов долговременной памяти между городскими и сельскими школьниками были отмечены статистически значимые различия. Объемы долговременной памяти на некоторых временных отрезках были выше у городских детей. Также у городских детей, в отличие от сельских, в долговременной памяти сохраняется больше информации по истечении двадцати четырех часов после предъявления материала. Отмечена схожая динамика изменения объемов долговременной памяти с течением времени у сельских и городских школьников.
IMPACT AND OPPORTUNITIES OF DIGITALIZATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Dr. Prafullkumar Nanasaheb Tayade
Published: December 2022

Digital India is the beginning of digital revolution. It is a dream which is created by the Government of India to ensure that government services are made available to citizens electronically, even in remote areas with improving online infrastructure and by increasing Internet (E) connectivity. Every country is focusing to achieve digitalization to empower society in a better manner. Digital India is a progressive program launched by the Government of India to transform India in a digitally empowered and knowledge economy. This constrains by the Indian government came as a dream project to remodel India into getting digital. Digital India scheme aims at searching the new concept and things through broadband highway, universal access to mobile connectivity, public internet access programme. The Digital India programme aims to support infrastructure and provides measures to ensure citizens e-services, manufacturing devices products and job opportunities to empower thus creating knowledge economy that promotes inclusive growth. The aim to alter India digitally would be very tuff unless there is awareness among the people. This research paper strives to impact and opportunity of development through Digital India.
KEY WORD: - Digitalization, GDP, Innovation and Technology
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS DIGITAL DI DESA TIRTASARI
Authors: Yudi Firmansyah  , Sihabudin  , Asep Jamaludin  , Robby Fauji
Published: December 2022

Desa Tirtasari merupakan desa yang terletak di kecamatan Tirtamulya kabupaten Karawang. Tirtasari berada di daerah yang cukup berkembang dibandingkan desa-desa lain yang ada dan juga Desa Tirtasari memiliki beberapa macam UMKM yang sedang dikembangkan oleh kelompokibu-ibu PKK adapun untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat yaitu dengan pengembangan berbasis digital bagi UMKM yang ada, pengembangan UMKM kelompok usahaIbu-Ibu PKK mendapatkan inovasi dalam mengembangan usaha dengan memanfaatkan sistemdigital yaitu mereka beradaptasi dengan teknologi pada pemasaran dan selalu kreatif dalampengembangan usahanya. Di era digital memperluas area pemasaran pada UMKM sangat mudah dilakukan dengan adanya banyak tempat untuk memasarkan produk secara digital.Kata Kunci: UMKM, Tirtasasri, Digitalisasi