bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fonctionnements dégradés en incinération
Authors: Antonini G.
Published: June 2015

The main « pathologies » met during the thermal destruction of wastes and leading to the formation of noxious gaseous compounds unwelcomed in atmospheric emissions are identified. The importance of intrinsic parameters of the major product to be destroyed is pointed out as well as the operating conditions of thermal process (reactional conditions, waste conditioning).

On identifie les principales « pathologies » rencontrées en destruction thermique des déchets, et pouvant conduire à l'apparition de composés gazeux indésirables dans les rejets à l'atmosphère. On met en évidence l'importance de paramètres intrinsèques du constituant principal à détruire ainsi que le rôle joué par les conditions opératoires du processus de traitement thermique (conditionnement du déchet, conditions réactionnelles).
Recherche sur les déchets en économie et en sociologie : un état de l’art: Partie 1. Recherche en économie
Authors: Bertolini Gérard
Published: June 2015

The article gives an overview (axes, some content and bibliography) of research on waste problems in economics and sociology. Waste has to be related not only to zero or negative economic value, but also to a whole system of socio-cultural values. The economic approaches are referring notably to the externalities and their internalization, scientific basement of environmental standards, instruments of regulation, public sector and industrial economy. The sociological approaches are referring to the behavior of social groups, psycho-sociological representations and logics of social actors, social forces and their dynamics. Research applies mainly on firms (in particular eco-industries), waste generation and management, separate collection, disposal options and the Nimby syndrome.

L'article fournit un aperçu (orientations, éléments de contenu, références bibliographiques) des recherches sur les déchets en économie et en sociologie. Le déchet ne renvoie pas seulement à une valeur économique nulle ou négative, mais à un système de valeurs socioculturelles. Les approches économiques ont trait notamment aux externalités et à leurs modes d'internalisation, au fondement scientifique des normes environnementales, aux instruments de régulation, à l'économie publique et à l'économie industrielle. Les approches sociologiques concernent surtout les comportements des groupes sociaux, les représentations, les logiques d'acteurs, la dynamique sociale (Partie 2 : Recherche en sociologie dans le prochain numéro). Ces recherches s'appliquent principalement aux entreprises (en particulier aux éco-industries), à la production et à la gestion des déchets, aux collectes sélectives ou séparatives, et à l'acceptabilité sociale des installations de traitement.
Caractérisation minéralogique, chimique et spéciation des métaux lourds dans les boues de la station d'épuration de la ville de Marseille
Authors: Pierrisnard Françoise , Ambrosi Jean-Paul
Published: June 2015

Characterization of sewage sludges of Marseille show the presence of dominant mineral phases: calcite and quartz, of traces: iron oxides and amorphous iron introduced by FeCl3 added to sludges and of organic matter. Speciation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in sludges show that carbonates, iron oxides and organic matter are retention phase of these metals and trap them during wastewater treatment.

La caractérisation des boues résiduaires urbaines de Marseille montre la présence de phases minérales dominantes : calcite et quartz, de phases en traces : oxydes de fer et fer amorphe provenant du coagulant (FeCl3) et de matières organiques. La spéciation des métaux lourds (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) des boues montre que les carbonates, les oxydes de fer et la matière organique sont les phases porteuses de ces métaux et assurent leur piégeage au cours du traitement d'épuration.
Éditorial n°3 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Keck Gérard
Published: June 2015

Les micro-polluants ou « contaminants chimiques » métaux lourds, pesticides organochlorés, PCB, nitrates, dioxines etc. sont considérés à juste titre comme une préoccupation sérieuse par les spécialistes de l'environnement et les pouvoirs publics. Ils sont pour beaucoup d'entre eux très persistants dans les milieux naturels, peuvent s'accumuler dans les chaînes alimentaires et présenter des risques à long terme, notamment sur les fonctions de reproduction voire sur le patrimoine génétique (risques cancérogènes). Il est donc indispensable de fixer des normes strictes vis-à-vis de ces produits dans les milieux ou les aliments, de surveiller leur évolution, de détecter leurs provenances et de les contrôler.Il me semble toutefois que dans les mentalités collectives y compris dans le milieu scientifique et médical, se fixent sur ces polluants « insidieux » (suivant le terme consacré} des réactions irrationnelles (peur du « chimique », besoin de trouver des boucs émissaires ...), qui font parfois oublier des choses simples et perdre le sens de la hiérarchisation des risques.
La gestion des déchets sur les chantiers verts
Authors: Andrivon Isabelle , Vimond Emmanuelle
Published: June 2015

The Green Building Sites launched by PCA and followed up by CSTB, are construction and maintenance experimentations, which aim is to test ways of reducing waste production, of improving their recovery and of organizing their sorting on the building sites. Here are examples of solutions tested.

Les Chantiers Verts, lancés par le PCA et suivis par le CSTB, sont des expérimentations de construction et réhabilitation, visant à réfléchir à la réduction à la source des déchets, l'optimisation de leur valorisation et l'organisation de leur tri sur le chantier. Voici des exemples de solutions testées.
Étude du devenir des composés organostanniques butylés et phénylés Au cours d'un dragage portuaire: Cas du Port d'Audenge
Authors: Lalere Béatrice , Hocquellet Pierre , Donard Olivier F.X.
Published: June 2015

The legislation introduced in 1982, prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT)-containing paints on vessels under 25 meters lengths, did not totally eliminate this biocide, toxic to aquatic life, in marine environment. TBT, preferably absorbed on finest particles in mud and sediments, is a potential source of contamination during civil engineering works such as dredgings. The results of an analytical study, realised during the dredging of the port of Audenge, has pointed out that the sludge treatment process, including both air oxidation and light exposure, minimizes organotin contents of the water effluent.

L'arrêté promulgué en 1982 interdisant l'utilisation du tributylétain (TBT) dans les peintures antisalissures pour les bateaux de moins de 25 mètres et les structures immergées n'a pas fait totalement disparaître du milieu marin ce biocide à haut risque pour le biotope. Durablement fixé aux vases et aux sédiments, il est susceptible d'être libéré dans l'eau au cours de travaux de génie civil, tels que les dragages. Les résultats d'une étude analytique effectuée au cours du dragage du port d’Audenge montrent que la technique employée, basée sur une oxydation et une exposition à la lumière des boues au moyen d'une série de bassins de décantation, permet de réaliser une décontamination efficace des rejets.
Déchet et imaginaire: Le paradigme du corps étranger toxique
Authors: Cochin Yann , Lhuilier Dominique
Published: June 2015

Cette étude qualitative analyse, à travers les représentations individuelles et collectives du déchet et de la décharge, l'imaginaire associé à des objets. Ces associations éclairent les résistances à l'information et la dynamique de rejet, d'opposition que suscitent les projets d'implantation d'installation de traitement des déchets. Le dégagement des significations imaginaires du déchet-décharge suppose l'accès et le recours à l'action. Elle seule permet de ne plus se vivre comme exposé à la charge mortifère du déchet, de restaurer une position à la fois de sujet et d'acteur.

Through the individual and collective representations of waste and landfill, this qualitative study analyses the imagination linked to these two topics. The established links clarify the resistance to information and the dynamic of rejection as well as the opposition in reaction to projects of implantation and installation of waste treatment devices. Exposing the misunderstanding of the imagined signification of waste and landfill allows the possibility of action. Only such action provides the opportunity not to feel exposed to the menace of waste but to restore the position of the individual actor.
Connaissance et valorisation des composts par la procédure de qualification agronomique
Authors: Carre Christian , Fiori Eric , Opsomer Séverine
Published: June 2015

Composting is a suitable treatment for the organic fraction of waste and provides an end-product to agriculture. However, as a consequence of the lack of informations, the environmental impact of composting is difficult to assess. Furthermore, the agronomic properties of a compost from urban waste are barely studied. This article proposes a procedure to assess all types of compost from waste. This procedure sets up the agronomic properties of compost as well as their environmental impact (in term of threshold). lt comprises two steps:- in laboratory, a set of tests to measure the agronomic effectiveness and the innocuousness towards vegetals;- on field, in situ tests to confirm the first results. This procedure has been implemented on 6 types of compost which represent the actual situation of composting in France: compost from MSW, compost of MSW after the separative collection of packaging, compost from biowaste, compost from green waste an sludge, compost from sludge and MSW. This procedure can be implemented on mature compost, before land application.

Le compostage des déchets permet de traiter la fraction organique tout en élaborant un produit valorisable en agriculture.Face au manque de données chiffrées et dans un contexte réglementaire évolutif, l'évaluation des risques pour le sol et les cultures est difficile.Par ailleurs, l'intérêt agronomique des composts issus de déchets fait l'objet de peu d'études.La procédure présentée dans cet article est adaptée aux composts de différents produits résiduaires. Elle a pour double objectif de démontrer l'intérêt agronomique tout en évaluant un seuil d'impact sur l'environnement.Cette procédure comprend deux phases : la première phase, en laboratoire, regroupe un ensemble d'essais mesurant l'efficacité agronomique et vérifiant l'innocuité vis-à-vis du végétal. La seconde phase consiste en des essais de plein champ dont l'objectif est de confirmer les résultats de la première phase.Cette procédure est en cours de validation sur 6 types de composts représentatifs du contexte français (compost d'ordures en mélange, compost d'ordures « grises », compost de fermentescibles, compost de déchets verts, compost de déchets verts + boues, compost d'OM + boues). Elle s'applique sur produit mûr, prêt à l'emploi, dans le cadre d'une utilisation en grande culture.
Étude de la pollution des sols moldaves par des hydrocarbures : prélèvement, extraction et analyses du sol du dépôt d'huile d’Orhei
Authors: Juc Diana , Duca Gheorghe , Carre Jean , Blanchard Jean-Marie , Andries Serafim
Published: June 2015

The soil pollution study of a motor oil storage area (Orhei-Moldova) has been made at INSA Lyon. Conditions of sampling, pollutants extraction and gas chromatography analysis are described. The results are examinated to obtain conclusions about the impact pollution.

L'étude de la pollution du sol du dépôt d'huile d'Orhei (Moldavie) a été effectuée à l'Insa de Lyon. Les conditions de prélèvement, extraction des polluants et analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse sont décrites. L'analyse des résultats est effectuée afin de tirer des conclusions sur l'impact de cette pollution.
Valorisation de fines minérales industrielles : Cas de résidus schisteux de concassage
Authors: Alrim Kamal , Ruzicka Martin , Dheilly Rose-Marie , Bouguerra Ahmed , Queneudec Michèle
Published: June 2015

Crushing rocks give fillers which are not really used at the present time. This study deals with the crushing waste of brioverian schists. The idea developed here is the recycling by making insulating materials. The weight reduction has been made by two means: by the creation of cells by an air entraining agent and by the addition of wood aggregates. Several granulometric gradations have been studied. The analysis of mechanical strength have shown a possible development without a separation in granular classes.

Les fines résultant du concassage de roches massives sont actuellement peu exploitées. Ce travail concerne les résidus de concassage de schistes briovériens. L'idée développée est leur valorisation sous forme de matériaux isolants. L'allégement a été obtenu par création d'une structure cellulaire grâce à un entraîneur d'air et par addition de granulats de bois. Différentes distributions granulaires ont pu être étudiées. L'analyse des performances mécaniques montre la possibilité d'un développement de ces matériaux sans séparation granulométrique.
Éditorial n°7 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Descotes Jacques
Published: June 2015

Notre civilisation qui a vu l'apparition de risques jusqu'ici inconnus (énergie nucléaire, biotechnologies, transport aérien ... ) est souvent décrite comme une civilisation du risque. Elle n'en est pas moins une civilisation de la sécurité, même s'il est surprenant de constater que la demande sociale conduit à un niveau d'exigence très élevé à l'égard des dispositifs techniques ou collectifs, alors que les choix de vie personnelle n'ont pas amélioré la sécurité individuelle, voire l'ont aggravé (tabagisme, conduite automobile, sports extrêmes ... ).Le principe de précaution auquel est consacré un ouvrage récent [Oliver Godard : Le principe de précaution dans la conduite des affaires humaines. Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris, 1997] en est une illustration. Ce principe repose sur l'idée qu'il peut être justifié, voire impératif de limiter, encadrer ou empêcher certaines activités potentiellement dangereuses, sans attendre qu'un lien de causalité soit scientifiquement établi. Il s'agit là d'une notion ambivalente. Fallait-il, par exemple, au nom de ce principe, interdire le développement du chemin de fer au siècle dernier sous prétexte qu'il pouvait avoir des conséquences dangereuses pour la population ? Pour autant faut-il accepter toute innovation technologique simplement parce qu'elle est innovante ?
Causes of Fatal Accidents Involving Cranes in the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Gharaie Ehsan , Lingard Helen , Cooke Tracy
Published: June 2015

In ten years from 2004 to 2013, 359 workers died in the Australian construction industry because of work related causes. This paper investigates crane-related fatalities in order to find the upstream causation of such accidents. The National Coroners’ Information System (NCIS) database was searched to identify fatal accidents in the construction industry involving the use of a crane.  The narrative description of the cases provided in the coroners’ findings and associated documents were content analysed to identify the contributing causal factors within the context of each case. The findings show that the most frequent crane-related accident types were those that were struck by load, and electrocution. The most prevalent immediate circumstance causes were layout of the site and restricted space. The two most commonly identified shaping factors were physical site constraints and design of construction process. Inadequate risk management system was identified as the main originating influence on the accidents. This paper demonstrates that a systemic causation model can provide considerable insight into how originating influences, shaping factors, and immediate circumstances combine to produce accidents. This information is extremely useful in informing the development of prevention strategies, particularly in the case of commonly occurring accident types.
Doctrines of Delusion: How the History of the G.I. Bill and other Inconvenient Truths Undermine the Supreme Court’s Affirmative Action Jurisprudence
Authors: Perea Juan F.
Published: June 2015

None.
La ecología humana es un imperativo para el mundo
Authors: Gamboa Bernal Gilberto Alfonso
Published: June 2015

Un par de hechos recientes podrían ocupar las páginas editoriales de Persona y Bioética: la polémica que se tiene en Colombia sobre la adopción de niños por parte de parejas homoparentales y la reglamentación que el Ministerio de Salud hizo del "homicidio por piedad" para ser aplicada por las Entidades Prestadoras de Salud (EPS). Sin embargo, prima el interés global sobre el local; entre otras cosas, porque desde la perspectiva bioética que sostiene e impulsa esta publicación, el estudio racional y ponderado, desapasionado y científico de estos dos temas, lleva a conclusiones claras que solo intereses ajenos a la verdad pueden cuestionar o poner en tela de juicio.
Decisiones sobre el soporte vital: aspectos éticos objetivos y subjetivos
Authors: Páez Gustavo
Published: June 2015

Los avances en biomedicina amplían cada vez más las posibilidades de curar a enfermos críticos. Las decisiones sobre terapias por aplicar deben tener presente el riesgo de caer en el llamado “encarnizamiento terapéutico”. Aunque ya se ha escrito bastante sobre los criterios básicos que se deben tener en cuenta, aún quedan numerosas dudas a la hora de tomar las decisiones. Un aspecto no menor es la necesidad de objetivar los distintos elementos por ponderar, sin olvidar que hay aspectos subjetivos que son muy importantes. En el presente artículo se presenta una manera de combinar los aspectos objetivos y subjetivos, para llegar a un equilibro adecuado y práctico, que sea razonable y respete la autonomía del paciente.
La cuestión de fondo sobre el tema del aborto
Authors: Germán Zurriaráin Roberto
Published: June 2015

El tema del aborto siempre está en debate. Más todavía, cuando en España, desde finales del 2013, se estaba discutiendo el Ante- proyecto de Ley Orgánica sobre el aborto. El núcleo central del debate radica, como presupuesto del bioderecho, en dos cuestiones. La primera, si esa realidad que está en el vientre materno se puede considerar desde la concepción un ser humano o, por el contrario, no puede considerarse como tal desde el comienzo, esto es, si desde la concepción podemos hablar de identidad humana. El segundo, es la cuestión de si el ser humano no nacido queda protegido jurídicamente en la Constitución española, es decir, el tema del derecho a la vida. Afirmo que, según los datos de las ciencias empíricas, por un lado, el no nacido es un ser humano. Por otro, que el no nacido no solo es un bien jurídico constitucionalmente protegido, como dice la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional español, sino que también es un sujeto de derecho a la vida. Para ello, es necesario un cambio en la Constitución española para defender la vida, la salud y la dignidad del embrión y del feto humano desde su concepción.
Juridisch kwartetten met AMvB’s Omgevingswet
Authors: van den Broek J.H.G. (Jan)
Published: June 2015

Juridisch kwartetten met AMvB’s Omgevingswet

In dit gastredactioneel wordt betoogd dat de doelgroepenbenadering van de Omgevingswet in de weg staat aan een van de voornaamste doelen van de wet, de vindbaarheid van regels voor burgers en bedrijven.
Everyday Advocacy: Summer Breeze: Top 10 Advocacy Shortcuts for the Time-Pressed
Authors: Nemec-Loise Jenna
Published: June 2015

If you’re anything like me, your summer is filled with some pretty intense adjectives and adverbs. You’re not just busy. You’re astonishingly busy. How was your day? Absolutely crazy!I totally get it, and so does anyone who’s ever run a summer library program for youth. With so much to do and only twenty-four hours in the day, who’s got time for advocacy?You do! (Yes, really. You.)
CILF: CRISPR/Cas9 based integration of large DNA fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xu Shijie , Meng Jie , Zhang Qi , Tong Baisong , Liu Zihe , Fu Jinyu , Shi Shuobo
Published: August 2024

Genome integration technology has markedly expedited the construction of cell factories. However, its application is currently limited by the inefficient integration of large DNA fragments. Here, we report a CRISPR/Cas9 based integration of large DNA fragments (CILF) method to efficiently integrate large DNA fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this approach, a fusion protein, Cas9‐Brex27‐FadR, was employed for the targeted delivery of donor plasmid to double‐strand breaks (DSBs), while simultaneously recruiting Rad51 to enhance the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR). Our findings demonstrate that this method can achieve an integration efficiency of 98% for 10 kb DNA fragments and nearly 80% for 40 kb DNA fragments at a single site, using donor plasmids with 1000 bp homology arms (HAs) and 12 FadR binding sites (BSs). The CILF technique significantly enriches the synthetic biology toolbox of S. cerevisiae, offering significant potential to propel advancements in both synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Critical success factors for linking digital technologies and circular supply chains
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish , Ganguly Anirban , Paul Sanjoy Kumar
Published: August 2024

Circular supply chains (CSCs) refer to the process of collecting used products from consumers and repurposing them through remanufacturing, recycling, renovation, and repair. Digital technologies have the potential to perform a crucial role in enhancing these processes and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, exploring the factors that link digital technologies and CSCs is essential. This study identifies and analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) associated with integrating digital technologies in CSCs. The study utilized a grey Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to identify and analyze CSFs. The initial set of CSFs was derived from existing literature and further refined based on expert opinions. The findings from the study reflect that the top five CSFs for linking digital technologies and CSCs were identified as the organizational commitment toward digitization, adoption of modern technologies, support from top administration toward digitization, adoption of contemporary business models, and data‐driven modernization toward CSCs. The study also revealed that out of the 24 identified CSFs, 11 were associated with the “causal group” while the remaining 13 were associated with the “effect group.” The integration of digital technologies in CSCs has been found to significantly enhance organizational effectiveness. However, there is a paucity of studies analyzing CSFs for linking digital technologies and CSCs. This study fills this research gap and contributes to the frame of knowledge in the domain of CSCs.
New way to shaping India's academic environment: An assessment of the mechanism of integration of education 4.0 to industry‐centric learning
Authors: Verma Shwetambara , Sengupta Somesh
Published: August 2024

The world around us is evolving due to Industrial Revolution 4.0. This revolution is driving the present‐day education, that is, Education 3.0–creative education towards Education 4.0, that is, industry‐centric education. The present academic environment in India is in the process of developing an educational ecosystem, which will incorporate equal access to education for all stakeholders and promote critical thinking, digital literacy, global awareness and scientific reasoning to name a few. Accordingly, it has become prudent to develop and validate a mechanism for assessing the various steps being taken to realign students to Education 4.0. This study involved 300 undergraduate, postgraduate, and PhD students from eight different schools across diverse program and course outcomes, who were asked to respond to a questionnaire on their own accord. The Pearson product‐moment correlation test was used to statistically analyse the obtained responses. The test results showed that the questions were logical and valid, with a significance level of 0.0115. Furthermore, the reliability of the mechanism was also assessed using Cronbach's α score. This study indicated that three aspects—learning preferences, contribution of learning to knowledge, skills, and personal development, and time spent on learning and nonacademic activities—exhibited high reliability However, two aspects—the emphasis on mental functions and reading and writing—indicated to be of moderate reliability. Thus, it could be said that the questionnaire developed in this study was both reliable and valid for assessing the mechanism being undertaken to realign students to Education 4.0.
Role of osteokines in atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Yi‐Fan , Tian Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Fang , Zhang Chi , Huang Liang
Published: August 2024

Despite their diverse physiologies and roles, the heart, skeletal muscles, and smooth muscles all derive from a common embryonic source as bones. Moreover, bone tissue, skeletal and smooth muscles, and the heart share conserved signaling pathways. The maintenance of skeletal health is precisely regulated by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts through coordinated secretion of bone‐derived factors known as osteokines. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of osteokines in regulating atherosclerotic vascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to examine the evidence for the role of osteokines in atherosclerosis development and progression comprehensively. Specifically discussed are extensively studied osteokines in atherosclerosis such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of exercise on modulating these key regulators derived from bone tissue metabolism. We believe that gaining an enhanced understanding of how osteocalcin contributes to the process of atherosclerosis will enable us to develop targeted and comprehensive therapeutic strategies against diseases associated with its progression.
Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation for transcatheter self‐expandable aortic valve implant in the cusp overlap era
Authors: Mendiz Oscar A. , Fava Carlos , Müller Lucas I. , Lev Gustavo A. , Heredia Gaston , Gómez Silvina E. , Cedeño Joaquín , Pérez Juan M. , Lamelas Pablo
Published: August 2024

Background

Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) after self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) were described. Is unknown if PPMI predictors remain in the era of high implants using the cusp overlap (COP).

Methods

Single‐center, prospective, consecutive case series of patients undergoing self‐expanding TAVI with the COP approach. The status of PPMI and other clinical events were ascertained at 30 days.

Results

A total of 261 patients were included (84% with Evolut, n = 219). Implant depth >4 mm was infrequent (13.8%). TAVI depth (OR 1.259; p = 0.005), first or second‐degree auriculo‐ventricular block (OR 3.406; p = 0.033), right‐bundle (OR 15.477; p < 0.0001), and incomplete left‐bundle branch block (OR 7.964; p = 0.036) were found to be independent predictors of PPMI. The risk of PPMI with deep implant and no electrical disturbances was 3%, and 0% with high implant and no prior electrical disturbances. Those who received PPMI had no statistically significant increased risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding events, or vascular complications at 30 days, but longer hospital stay (mean difference 1.43 days more, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Implant depth and prior conduction abnormalities remain the main predictors of PPMI using self‐expanding TAVI in the COP era. Patients with high implants and no prior conduction abnormalities may be candidates for early discharge after uneventful self‐expanding TAVI, while the rest may need inpatient monitoring regardless of achieving a high implant. The need for PPMI was associated with longer hospital stays.
Multi‐state survey to identify suspected resistance to four herbicides and one plant growth regulator in Poa annua
Authors: Bowling Rebecca G. , McCurdy James D. , de Castro Edicarlos , Patton Aaron J. , Brosnan James T. , Askew Shawn D. , Breeden Gregory K. , Elmore Matthew T. , Gannon Travis W. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Kaminski John E. , Kowalewski Alec R. , Liu Wenwen , Mattox Clint M. , McCarty Lambert B. , McCullough Patrick E. , McElroy J. Scott , McKeithen Chase , Osburn Andrew , Rogers Ronald R. , Rutland Claudia Ann , Tang Kaiyuan , Taylor Jacob W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Vargas Jose J. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V.
Published: August 2024

Plain Language Summary

Poa annua is a troublesome weed in turfgrass areas such as golf courses, athletic fields, lawns, and sod farms. Controlling P. annua is made more difficult by the growing problem of herbicide resistance, the inherited ability of plants to survive herbicide applications that would normally be lethal. Researchers from 13 academic institutions collected 866 P. annua populations from different states and turfgrass systems to better understand the extent of this problem. Collections were divided and treated with four herbicides and one plant growth regulator. Plants were categorized as “susceptible” or “suspected resistant” based on their response to treatments. Suspected resistance (to at least one or more treatments) was observed in 16.8% of P. annua collections. Herbicide resistance in P. annua is a problem spanning different geographies and management practices. Therefore, coordinated research is needed to explore the scope and nature of the problem in a systematic way.
Aspirin but not statins is inversely related to gastric cancer with a duration–risk effect: Results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium
Authors: Pastorino Roberta , Pires Marafon Denise , Sassano Michele , Hoxhaj Ilda , Pelucchi Claudio , Liao Linda M. , Rabkin Charles S. , Sinha Rashmi , Lunet Nuno , Morais Samantha , Zaridze David , Maximovich Dmitry , Aragonés Nuria , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , Gómez‐Acebo Inés , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth , López‐Cervantes Malaquias , Bonzi Rossella , Turati Federica , Boffetta Paolo , Camargo Maria Constanza , Curado Maria Paula , Vioque Jesus , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Boccia Stefania
Published: August 2024

Background

Aspirin and statins have been suggested to have potential chemopreventive effects against gastric cancer (GC), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. This study therefore aimed to investigate the association between the use of aspirin and statins and GC.

Methods

A pooled analysis of seven case‐control studies within the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project, including 3220 cases and 9752 controls, was conducted. Two‐stage modeling analyses were used to estimate the association between aspirin and statin use and GC after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The pooled odds ratio (OR) of GC for aspirin users versus nonusers was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.95). The protective effect of aspirin appeared stronger in individuals without a GC family history (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37–0.95), albeit with borderline heterogeneity between those with and without a family history (p = .064). The OR of GC decreased with increasing duration of aspirin use, with an OR of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.18–0.95) for durations of ≥15 years. An inverse, nonsignificant association with the risk of GC was observed for the use of statins alone (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.52–1.18).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that aspirin use, particularly long‐term use, is associated with a reduced risk of GC, whereas a similar association was not observed with statins, possibly because of the low frequency of use.
Continuity and coordination of care for childhood cancer survivors with multiple chronic conditions: Results from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Snyder Claire , Smith Katherine C. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Stratton Kayla L. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Choi Youngjee , Dean Lorraine T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Chow Eric J. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Park Elyse R. , McDonald Aaron J. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Nathan Paul C.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Continuity and coordination‐of‐care for childhood cancer survivors with multiple chronic conditions are understudied but critical for appropriate follow‐up care.

Methods

From April through June 2022, 800 Childhood Cancer Survivor Study participants with two or more chronic conditions (one or more severe/life‐threatening/disabling) were emailed the “Patient Perceived Continuity‐of‐Care from Multiple Clinicians” survey. The survey asked about survivors’ main (takes care of most health care) and coordinating (ensures follow‐up) provider, produced three care‐coordination summary scores (main provider, across multiple providers, patient–provider partnership), and included six discontinuity indicators (e.g., having to organize own care). Discontinuity (yes/no) was defined as poor care on one or more discontinuity item. Chi‐square tests assessed associations between discontinuity and sociodemographics. Modified Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for discontinuity risk associated with the specialty and number of years seeing the main and coordinating provider, and PRs associated with better scores on the three care‐coordination summary measures. Inverse probability weights adjusted for survey non‐participation.

Results

A total of 377 (47%) survivors responded (mean age 48 years, 68% female, 89% non‐Hispanic White, 78% privately insured, 74% ≥college graduate); 147/373 (39%) reported discontinuity. Younger survivors were more likely to report discontinuity (chi‐square p = .02). Seeing the main provider ≤3 years was associated with more prevalent discontinuity (PR; 95%CI) (1.17; 1.02‐1.34 vs ≥ 10 years). Cancer specialist main providers were associated with less prevalent discontinuity (0.81; 0.66–0.99 vs. primary care). Better scores on all three care‐coordination summary measures were associated with less prevalent discontinuity: main provider (0.73; 0.64–0.83), across multiple providers (0.81; 0.78–0.83), patient–provider partnership (0.85; 0.80–0.89).

Conclusions

Care discontinuity among childhood cancer survivors is prevalent and requires intervention.
Comparison of incident breast cancer cases in the largest national US tumor registries
Authors: Plichta Jennifer K. , Thomas Samantha M. , Chanenchuk Tori C. , Chan Kelley , Hyslop Terry , Hwang E. Shelley , Greenup Rachel A.
Published: August 2024

Background

This study compared incident breast cancer cases in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results Program (SEER) to a national population cancer registry.

Methods

Patients with malignant or in situ breast cancer (BC) 2010–2019 in the NCDB and SEER were compared to the US Cancer Statistics (USCS). Case coverage was estimated as the number of patients in the NCDB/SEER as a proportion of USCS cases.

Results

The USCS reported 3,047,509 patients; 77.5% patients were included in the NCDB and 46.0% in SEER. Case ascertainment varied significantly by patient sex (both registries, p < .001). For males, 84.1% were captured in the NCDB, whereas only 77.5% of females were included. Case coverage in SEER was better for females than males (46.1% vs. 43.5%). Registries varied significantly by race/ethnicity (both p < .001). Case coverage in the NCDB was highest for non‐Hispanic White (78.2%), non‐Hispanic Black (77.7%), and non‐Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (72.5%) BC patients, and lowest for Hispanic (56.4%) and non‐Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (41.1%) patients. In SEER, case coverage was highest for non‐Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (78.1%) and Hispanic (69.6%) patients and it was significantly lower for all other subgroups (non‐Hispanic Black, 44.8%; non‐Hispanic White, 42.4%; and non‐Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 36.6%).

Conclusions

National US tumor registries provide data for a large sampling of breast cancer patients, yet significant differences in case coverage were observed based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. These findings suggest that analyses using these data sets and interpretation of findings should account for these meaningful variances.
Solid‐state laser (266 nm) as an alternative to ArF excimer laser (193 nm) for corneal reshaping: Comparative numerical study of the thermal effect
Authors: Abdelhalim Ibrahim , Hassan Aziza Ahmed , Abdelkawi Salwa , Elnaby Salah Hassab , Rahbar Sahar , Hamdy Omnia
Published: August 2024

Laser corneal reshaping is a safe and effective technique utilized to treat common vision disorders. An advanced laser delivery system equipped with a pulsed UV laser with specific parameters is used to ablate parts of the cornea surface to correct the existing refractive error. The argon fluoride (ArF) excimer pulsed gas laser at 193 nm is the most employed type in the commercial devices for such treatments. This laser is generated using a mixture of Argon, Fluorine, and a significant amount of Neon gases. However, due to the ongoing Russian‐Ukraine war, the availability of Neon gas is currently very limited, as this region is considered the primary supplier of pure Neon gas. Consequently we suggest replacing the common ArF laser source in the commercial devices with a solid‐state (forth harmonic neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser at 266 nm). This replacement uses the same operation parameters, optics, and scanning algorithm. Parameters from five commercial devices (Zeiss MEL 90, Technolas TENEO 317, Alcon Wave Light EX 500, Schwind Amaris 750 s, OptoSystems MICROSCAN VISUM) were compared with those of the i‐ablation device, a research device that uses a 266 nm laser source. Our goal is to reduce production costs through a simple modification that has a significant impact. Consequently, the present study aims to find an alternative laser source for the current ArF laser without exchanging the complete system's design. This recommendation is based on a numerical simulation study. The thermal effect on a human cornea model was numerically evaluated using finite‐element solutions of Pennes' bioheat equation on the COMSOL platform by applying two laser wavelengths. The results demonstrated that changing the laser source significantly impacts the thermal effect, even with the same laser settings. All studied devices showed a reduction in the thermal effect to below 40°C, compared with nearly 100°C under ordinary conditions.
GSTO2 ameliorates human neuroblastoma cell apoptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress by upregulating GPX4 expression in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Chaoyi , Tian Weihua , Lei Dan
Published: August 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe hemorrhagic stroke and induces severe secondary neurological injury. However, its pathogenesis remains to be explored. The present work investigates the role of glutathione S‐transferase omega 2 (GSTO2) in ICH and the underlying mechanism. Human neuroblastoma cells (SK‐N‐SH) were stimulated using hemin to mimic ICH‐like injury. Protein expression levels of GSTO2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were detected by western blot analysis assay. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit‐8 assay. Cell proliferation was investigated by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Fe2+ colorimetric assay kit was used to detect Fe2+ level. A cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect ROS levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was assessed using the MDA content assay kit. GSH level was quantified using the GSH assay kit. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify the association between GSTO2 and GPX4. Hemin stimulation suppressed SK‐N‐SH cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, cell inflammation, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress. GSTO2 expression was downregulated in hemin‐treated SK‐N‐SH cells in comparison with the control group. In addition, ectopic GSTO2 expression counteracted hemin‐induced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and promoting effects on cell apoptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress. Moreover, GSTO2 was associated with GPX4 in SK‐N‐SH cells. GPX4 silencing attenuated GSTO2 overexpression‐induced effects on hemin‐stimulated SK‐N‐SH cell injury. GSTO2 ameliorated SK‐N‐SH cell apoptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress by upregulating GPX4 expression in ICH, providing a therapeutic strategy for ICH.
Family therapy for emerging adults with anorexia nervosa: Expert opinion on evidence, practice considerations, and future directions
Authors: Dodge Elizabeth , Baudinet Julian , Austin Amelia , Eisler Ivan , Le Grange Daniel , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: August 2024

Various forms of eating disorder focused family therapy (FT‐ED) have been developed and evaluated for adolescents. FT‐ED for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) focuses on empowering parents/carers with the knowledge and skills required to facilitate recovery for their child. The recent trend and increased awareness of the period between adolescence and adulthood during ages 18–25, known as ‘emerging adulthood’, has brought into question whether the traditional treatment approach for adults with AN, that is, individual therapies, is the most appropriate approach for this age group. This paper briefly outlines the current forms FT‐ED for emerging adults with AN and examines the evidence for each. We then present considerations for tailoring FT‐ED for emerging adults with AN across three broad domains: structure and set‐up, process, and content. Finally, we present suggestions on how to troubleshoot common pitfalls that may be encountered, such as reluctance to include parents in treatment. Future research should examine which forms of FT‐ED are best for which emerging adults and families and under what contexts. There is also a need to explore the incorporation of technology into sessions with families who live apart.
Severity of illness and risk of mortality from all patient refined‐diagnosis related groups: Two scales of different concepts or two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Santos João Vasco , Viana João , Pinto Carla , Souza Júlio , Lopes Fernando , Freitas Alberto , Lopes Sílvia
Published: August 2024

All patient refined‐diagnosis related groups (APR‐DRGs) includes severity of illness (SOI) and risk of mortality (ROM) subclasses. For predictions, both subscales are used together or interchangeably. We aimed to compare SOI and ROM by evaluating the reliability and agreement between both. We performed a retrospective observational study using mainland Portuguese public hospitalisations of adult patients from 2011 to 2016. Reliability (quadratic weighted kappa) and agreement (proportion of agreement) between SOI and ROM were analysed overall and by APR‐DRG. While overall reliability and agreement between SOI and ROM were high (weighted kappa: 0.717, 95% CI 0.717–0.718; proportion of agreement: 69.0%, 95% CI 69.0–69.0) there was high heterogeneity across APR‐DRGs, ranging from 0.016 to 0.846 on reliability and from 23.1% to 94.8% on agreement. Most of APR‐DRGs (263 out of 284) showed a higher proportion of episodes with ROM level above the SOI level than the opposite. In conclusion, SOI and Risk of Mortality measures must be clearly distinguished and are ‘two scales of different concepts’ rather than ‘two sides of the same coin’. However, this is more evident for some APR‐DRGs than for others.
Positive youth development of Tayal and Han adolescents in Taiwan: A cultural and structural perspective
Authors: Yang Pei‐Jung , McGinley Meredith
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Using the Five Cs model of positive youth development (PYD), this study aimed to provide a socio‐structural and cultural understanding of PYD in Indigenous Tayal youth by examining the specificity in the development of Five Cs (Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, and Connection) between Tayal and Han youth in Taiwan.

Methods

A sample of 847 Tayal and Han adolescents (43.8% Tayal, 47.9% girls, Mage = 14.83, SD = 0.50) were drawn from a larger study (September 2014 to August 2017). Adolescent participants completed questionnaires asking about their Five Cs, contribution behavior, and depressive symptomatology.

Results

Measurement invariance was conducted to explore specificity between Tayal and Han youth's Five Cs performance. A bi‐factor Five Cs model was identified and partial metric and partial scalar measurement invariance was established between the two samples. Across both groups an overarching PYD factor, which was associated with increased contribution and lower depressive symptomatology, was identified. Specificity was observed in the Tayal sample, particularly relating to indicators of Competence, Character, Caring, and Connection.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide a sociocultural‐informed lens regarding the specificity of development in Tayal youth. Character, Caring, and Connection appear to contribute significantly more to the overall PYD for Tayal adolescents than their Han peers. Findings relating to Competence suggest that the educational environment may not be aligned with the learning style of Tayal youth. This study has policy and practical implications for Tayal youth, and can further help inform program development in Taiwan and internationally.
Interventions to support medical trainee well‐being after patient death: A scoping review
Authors: Ibrahim Halah , Oyoun Alsoud Leen , West Kelsey , Maraka Jude O. , Sorrell Sara , Harhara Thana , Nair Satish C. , Vetter Cecelia J. , Krishna Lalit
Published: August 2024

Background

Medical trainees are at the forefront of end‐of‐life care provision in the hospital setting but often feel unprepared to manage the complex emotions after patient death.

Objectives

To systematically identify and synthesize the published literature on interventions to support medical trainees dealing with patient death.

Methods

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Psych Info, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and ERIC from inception to June 30, 2023. English language peer‐reviewed publications of interventions to support medical students and residents/fellows dealing with patient death. Studies of practicing clinicians and nonphysician healthcare trainees were excluded. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus and a third reviewer served as a tiebreaker if needed.

Results

Of the 9107 articles retrieved, 973 underwent full‐text review, and 50 studies met inclusion criteria. Most interventions targeted residents (n = 32; 64%) and were conducted in North America (n = 45, 90%). Types of interventions included preventive measures involving educational lectures and workshops (n = 19; 38%), clinical placements (n = 10; 20%), and postventions (n = 16; 32%), including debriefing and memorial services. Several interventions incorporated the arts (n = 5; 10%), including movies, drama, and artwork, and most incorporated reflective narratives (n = 16; 32%). Most interventions were limited in frequency and duration.

Conclusions

This review identified several interventions to support trainees through the experience of patient death but also highlighted areas for improvement. Strengthening support for medical trainees will foster emotionally resilient physicians who are better equipped to deliver high‐quality, empathetic care to dying patients and their families.