bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERILAKU SISWA SAAT BELAJAR DI KELAS DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI PADA POKOK BAHASAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 14 BATAM
Authors: Putri Ressy Bella , Notowinarto Notowinarto , Agustina Fenny
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku siswa saat belajar di kelas dengan hasil belajar Biologi pada pokok bahasan keanekaragaman hayati siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Batam. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua variabel, yaitu perilaku siswa (variabel bebas) dan hasil belajar siswa (variabel terikat). Jenis penelitian ini adalah Ex post facto menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 14 Batam yang berjumlah 112 siswa dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 84 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup sebanyak 23 pernyataan dan dokumentasi hasil belajar. Hasil uji prasyarat menujukkan bahwa data normal dan homogen. Melalui korelasi Product moment Pearson didapat nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,598 tergolong cukup. Hasil Uji signifikansi dengan uji t didapat nilai ℎ ≥ (6,761 > 1,989) maka signifikan, dengan kontribusi variabel X terhadap Y sebesar 35,8%. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang erat antara perilaku siswa saat belajar dikelas dengan hasil belajar Biologi pada pokok bahasan keanekaragaman hayati siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Batam, dengan demikian Ho ditolak.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MAGIC CARD PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI MANUSIA KELAS XI DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA)
Authors: Fitriyani Reza , Agustina Fenny , Harahap Dahrul Aman
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa Magic Card dengan materi sistem reproduksi manusia untuk kelas XI SMA dan mengetahui kelayakan media Magic Card sebagai media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga fase, yaitu analisis kebutuhan,  desain serta pengembangan dan implementasi. Instrumen penilaian dibuat dalam bentuk angket yang diberikan pada ahli materi, ahli media dan peserta didik dengan memperhatikan penilaian dari aspek bahasa, materi, penyajian, grafis dan ketertarikan peserta didik. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan menginterpretasikan jumlah rerata skor menggunakan rumus konversi skala lima agar diketahui kelayakan media. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data validasi oleh ahli materi mendapatkan skor sebesar 4,74 dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil analisis data validasi oleh ahli media mendapatkan skor sebesar 4,42 dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil analisis data validasi oleh peserta didik mendapatkan skor sebesar 4,38 dengan kategori sangat baik. Secara keseluruhan penilaian terhadap media Magic Card materi sistem reproduksi manusia kelas XI SMA mendapatkan skor 4,51 dengan nilai A dan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka media yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.
Miskonsepsi Guru Biologi Pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Di SMA Negeri Se-Kabupaten Labuhanbatu
Authors: Ritonga Nurhakima , Gultom Halimah Sakdiah Boru , Sari Novi Fitriandika
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi guru tentang materi ekskresi pada SMA Negeri se-Kabupaten Labuhanbatu serta untuk mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya miskonsepsi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri se-Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri se-Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, dengan menggunakan test diagnostik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa miskonsepsi tidak terjadi pada guru biologi. Konsep ekskresi yang tidak mengelami miskonsepsi yaitu: konsep alat ekskresi pada manusia (K 2), konsep tentang gangguan dan kelainan ginjal (K 4), serta konsep tentang sistem ekskresi serangga (K 6).
DOMESTICATION OF TRIPLETAIL FISH (Lobotes surinamensis) FROM BATAM SEAWATER AND IT’S GROWTH IN NETCAGE
Authors: Muhlis Sahidan , Hendrianto Hendrianto , Purba Salsal , Darmono Agung , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: January 2019

Kakap Lobo fish (Lobotes surinamensis) still belong to wildlife fish with economical price. Kakap Lobo known as tripletail fish, black barramundi and leaf fish. So far there is no report in Indonesia about successful of Kakap Lobo farm or cultured. Cause of that, BPBL Batam try to domesticate Lobo as the alternative fish that potential to culture and give the more economical price. The objective of this activity is to domesticate the captured Lobo then culture sea net cage. Domesticated done seven months in Dec 2016 till Juli 2017 in sea floating net cage. Lobo seeds found on the surface around net-cage put into the pompano cultured net, the size almost same, and cultured together. Lobo seeds initial size 1,0 – 6,9 gram (average 3,5 gram) in bodyweight amount 21 fishes fed same as pompano feed pellets. The cultured result as long as seven months gain the final body weight of Lobo 1.091,0 – 1.381,5 (average 1,175,0 gram), average daily growth 5,58 gram/day and survival rate 100%. BPBL Batam succeeds domesticate Lobo fish and cultured in sea net cage.
EVALUASI DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN BAHAN KIMIA SELAMA KEGIATAN PEMUGARAN CANDI BRAHU
Authors: Fatmawati Ira
Published: January 2019

Candi Brahu merupakan salah satu bangunan yang telah ditetapkan sebagai cagar budaya peringkatnasional. Candi ini telah dilakukan dua kali pemugaran, yaitu : masa kolonial Belanda dan masa pemerintah Indonesia.Berdasarkan laporan hasil pemugaran tahun 1991�1995 tercatat ada empat bahan kimia yang diaplikasikan padabangunan candi, yaitu : Silicosol yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pelindung, Araldite tar sebagai bahan kedap air, sertaAC 322 dan Hyvar XL sebagai bahan herbisida. Kegiatan pemugaran kedua ini telah berlalu lebih dari 20 tahun danbelum pernah dievaluasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaanbahan kimia selama kegiatan pemugaran kedua. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan secaralangsung di Candi Brahu kemudian mendata jenis bata, letak aplikasi bahan kimia, serta dampak yang ditimbulkandari penggunaan bahan tersebut dengan cara mendata jenis kerusakan. Hasilnya, bata penyusun candi terdiri daritiga jenis, yaitu : bata lama, bata lama yang dipasang kembali ketika pemugaran Belanda, dan bata hasil pemugarantahun 1991�1995. Aplikasi bahan Silicosol hanya dilakukan pada kaki I dan kaki II. Araldite tar diaplikasikan padabagian bawah bata yang dianggap lantai, batas bata hasil pemugaran tahap I dan tahap II, serta di atas dan sampinglapisan cor beton. Untuk aplikasi AC 322 dan Hyvar XL hanya dilakukan pada tahap III di bagian tubuh sedangkanaplikasi pada bagian lain dari bangunan candi tidak ditemukan datanya. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwabata hasil pemugaran tahun 1991�1995 cenderung rapuh sedangkan dua jenis bata lainnya tampak utuh. BahanSilicosol dioles pada seluruh permukaan bata bagian kaki I dan kaki II, namun pengelupasan dan kerapuhan batalebih banyak terjadi pada bata hasil pemugaran tahun 1991�1995. Ini menandakan kerusakan itu bukan akibatpenggunaan bahan Silicosol tetapi karena kualitas bata yang kurang bagus. Aplikasi bahan Araldite tar masih efektifterlihat pada struktur bata yang tidak mengalami kerusakan. Efektivitas bahan AC 322 dan Hyvar XL tidak dapatbertahan lama sehingga tidak dapat diamati dampaknya terhadap bangunan candi. Evaluasi dampak penggunaanbahan kimia setelah kegiatan konservasi dan kajian untuk mencari solusi penanganan kerusakan perlu dilakukanuntuk mencegah kerusakan semakin luas.
KONSERVASI TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN NASKAH KUNA DI BALI
Authors: Wahyuningsih, dkk Isni
Published: January 2019

Naskah-naskah kuna masih banyak dijumpai, dihormati dan dilestarikan di Bali. Naskah-naskah kunatersebut dimiliki oleh pemerintah maupun oleh masyarakat Bali. Naskah-naskah tersebut dikelompokkan dalam 15jenis yaitu babad, geguritan, kanda, kalpasastra, kakawin, kidung, nitisastra, mantrastawa, palakerta, parwa, sasana,tantric, tutur, usada, dan wariga. Dari beberapa jenis naskah tersebut naskah tutur dan usada ditengarai terdapatunsur yang mengandung informasi praktek-praktek konservasi. Kajian Konservasi Tradisional BerdasarkanNaskah Kuno di Bali ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang praktek-praktek konservasi yangdimuat dalam naskah kuna yang hingga sekarang masih dilakukan masyarakat Bali. Langkah-langkah yangdilakukan dalam kajian ini adalah telaah kepustakaan dengan mengambil sampel naskah yang sudah diterjemahkan,mengkaji lembaran naskah yang kemungkinan mengandung muatan konservasi tradisional, wawancara dengannarasumber dan tokoh masyarakat serta mengamati kegiatan konservasi yang masih dilakukan masyarakatpada saat ini. Harapan dari kajian ini adalah mendapatkan apresiasi tentang kegiatan konservasi yang ditulisdalam naskah kuna, yang dapat menjadi bahan alternatif konservasi tradisional untuk pelestarian cagar budaya.
POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN ISOLAT BAKTERI YANG DITEMUKAN DI CANDI BOROBUDUR
Authors: Hanifah Absari
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui isolat bakteri dari Candi Borobudur dan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri dengan minyak atsiri. Tempat penelitian yaitu di Laboraturium Mikrobiologi Balai Konservasi Borobudur, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdapat 16 sampel bakteri yang diambil dari relief Candi Borobudur pada lantai 2. Masing-masing sampel diambil dari 4 sisi bidang relief batu candi. Penelitian terdiri dari tahap persiapan, pengambilan sampel, karakterisasi bakteri, uji mikroskopi, pemilihan bakteri uji, dan uji minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri yang digunakan adalah temulawak, nilam, dan daun cengkeh dengan distilasi uap air. Konsentrasi minyak atsiri yang digunakan yaitu 10%. 20%, dan 30% dengan metode pengenceran menggunakan alkohol 90% sebagai pelarut. Bakteri yang digunakan sebagai isolat uji dengan minyak atsiri adalah isolat bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan di batu lapuk dan tidak ditemukan pada batu relief kompak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak atsiri yang berpotensi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri adalah minyak atsiri nilam dengan konsentrasi 30% dengan rata-rata penghambatan 1,075 cm.
DISKURSUS JENDER DALAM “KEBUDAYAAN ITU BERKELAMIN – KOMIK TENTANG ARAHMAIANI”
Authors: Hidayatullah Taufan
Published: January 2019

Permasalahan jender merupakan permasalahan budaya yang menyentuh hubungan yang paling mendasar antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Budaya patriarki yang muncul di mayoritas kelompok masyarakat diberbagai kebudayaan dunia sehingga memunculkan tanggapan kritis dari berbagai kalangan, termasuk seniman. “Kebudayaan itu Berkelamin-Komik Tentang Arahmaiani” menjadi representasi dari kerja kreatif Arie Dytanto yang  tergagas oleh proses berfikir dan berkarya Arahmaiani yang banyak menanggapi permasalahan jender ini. Dengan menggunakan semiotika sosial, komik pendek ini ditelaah untuk melihat relasi-relasi tanda yang hadir didalamnya.
Robust Guaranteed-Cost Preview Repetitive Control for Polytopic Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Lan Yong-Hong , Xia Jun-Jun , Shi Yue-Xiang
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a robust guaranteed-cost preview repetitive controller is proposed for a class of polytopic uncertain discrete-time systems. In order to improve the tracking performance, a repetitive controller, combined with preview compensator, is inserted in the forward channel. By using the L-order forward difference operator, an augmented dynamic system is constructed. Then, the guaranteed-cost preview repetitive control problem is transformed into a guaranteed-cost control problem for the augmented dynamic system. For a given performance index, the sufficient condition of asymptotic stability for the closed-loop system is derived by using a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Incorporating the controller obtained into the original system, the guaranteed-cost preview repetitive controller is derived. A numerical example is also included, to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Gyro Error Compensation in Optoelectronic Platform Based on a Hybrid ARIMA-Elman Model
Authors: Xu Xingkui , Wu Chunfeng , Hou Qingyu , Fan Zhigang
Published: January 2019

As an important angle sensor of the opto-electric platform, gyro output accuracy plays a vital role in the stabilization and track accuracy of the whole system. It is known that the generally used fixed-bandwidth filters, single neural network models, or linear models cannot compensate for gyro error well, and so they cannot meet engineering needs satisfactorily. In this paper, a novel hybrid ARIMA-Elman model is proposed. For the reason that it can fully combine the strong linear approximation capability of the ARIMA model and the superior nonlinear compensation capability of a neural network, the proposed model is suitable for handling gyro error, especially for its non-stationary random component. Then, to solve the problem that the parameters of ARIMA model and the initial weights of the Elman neural network are difficult to determine, a differential algorithm is initially utilized for parameter selection. Compared with other commonly used optimization algorithms (e.g., the traditional least-squares identification method and the genetic algorithm method), the intelligence differential algorithm can overcome the shortcomings of premature convergence and has higher optimization speed and accuracy. In addition, the drift error is obtained based on the technique of lift-wavelet separation and reconstruction, and, in order to weaken the randomness of the data sequence, an ashing operation and Jarque-Bear test have been added to the handle process. In this study, actual gyro data is collected and the experimental results show that the proposed method has higher compensation accuracy and faster network convergence, when compared with other commonly used error-compensation methods. Finally, the hybrid method is used to compensate for gyro error collected in other states. The test results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve error compensation accuracy, and has good generalization performance.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with an Ultrasonic Vibration Source
Authors: Li Tao , Lee Pooi See
Published: January 2019

A piezoelectric energy harvester was developed in this paper. It is actuated by the vibration leakage from the nodal position of a high-power ultrasonic cutting transducer. The harvester was excited at a low displacement amplitude (0.73 µmpp). However, its operation frequency is quite high and reaches the ultrasonic range (24.4 kHz). Compared with another low frequency harvester (66 Hz), both theoretical and experimental results proved that the advantages of this high frequency harvester include (i) high current generation capability (up to 20 mApp compared to 1.3 mApp of the 66 Hz transducer) and (ii) low impedance matching resistance (500 Ω in contrast to 50 kΩ of the 66 Hz transducer). This energy harvester can be applied either in sensing, or vibration controlling, or simply energy harvesting in a high-power ultrasonic system.
A RAGE-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate: Surface Plasmon Resonance as a Platform for Accelerating Effective ADC Design and Development
Authors: Healey Gareth D. , Frostell Asa , Fagge Tim , Gonzalez Deyarina , Conlan R. Steven
Published: January 2019

Antibodies, antibody-like molecules, and therapeutics incorporating antibodies as a targeting moiety, such as antibody-drug conjugates, offer significant potential for the development of highly efficacious drugs against a wide range of disorders. Despite some success, truly harnessing the superior targeting properties of these molecules requires a platform from which to effectively identify the best candidates for drug development. To streamline the development of antibody-drug conjugates targeting gynecological cancers within our laboratory, we incorporated surface plasmon resonance analysis (Biacore™ T200) into our development toolkit. Antibodies, selected based on positive ELISA screens as suitable for development as antibody-drug conjugates, were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance to determine a wide range of characteristics including specificity, kinetics/affinity, the effect of linker binding, the impact of the drug to antibody ratio, and the effect of endosomal pH on antibody-antigen binding. Analysis revealed important kinetics data and information regarding the effect of conjugation and endosomal pH on our antibody candidates that correlated with cell toxicity and antibody internalization data. As well as explaining observations from cell-based assays regarding antibody-drug conjugate efficacies, these data also provide important information regarding intelligent antibody selection and antibody-drug conjugate design. This study demonstrates the application of surface plasmon resonance technology as a platform, where detailed information can be obtained, supporting the requirements for rapid and high-throughput screening that will enable enhanced antibody-drug conjugate development.
Impact of Acetylated and Non-Acetylated Fucose Analogues on IgG Glycosylation
Authors: Zimmermann Martina , Ehret Janike , Kolmar Harald , Zimmer Aline
Published: January 2019

The biological activity of therapeutic antibodies is highly influenced by their glycosylation profile. A valuable method for increasing the cytotoxic efficacy of antibodies, which are used, for example, in cancer treatment, is the reduction of core fucosylation, as this enhances the elimination of target cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Development of fucose analogues is currently the most promising strategy to reduce core fucosylation without cell line engineering. Since peracetylated sugars display enhanced cell permeability over the highly polar free hydroxy sugars, this work sought to compare the efficacy of peracetylated sugars to their unprotected forms. Two potent fucose analogues, 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose and 5-alkynylfucose, and their acetylated forms were compared for their effects on fucosylation. 5-alkynylfucose proved to be more potent than 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose at reducing core fucosylation but was associated with a significant higher incorporation of the alkynylated fucose analogue. Acetylation of the sugar yielded only slightly lower fucosylation levels suggesting that acetylation has a minor impact on cellular entry. Even though the efficacy of all tested components was confirmed, results presented in this study also show a significant incorporation of unnatural fucose analogues into the glycosylation pattern of the produced IgG, with unknown effect on safety and potency of the monoclonal antibody.
Multiplex LC-MS/MS Assays for Clinical Bioanalysis of MEDI4276, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate of Tubulysin Analogue Attached via Cleavable Linker to a Biparatopic Humanized Antibody against HER-2
Authors: Faria Morse , Peay Marlking , Lam Brandon , Ma Eric , Yuan Moucun , Waldron Michael , Mylott William R. , Liang Meina , Rosenbaum Anton I.
Published: January 2019

Bioanalysis of complex biotherapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), is challenging and requires multiple assays to describe their pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. To enable exposure-safety and exposure-efficacy analyses, as well as to understand the metabolism of ADC therapeutics, three bioanalytical methods are typically employed: Total Antibody, Antibody Conjugated Toxin or Total ADC and Unconjugated Toxin. MEDI4276 is an ADC comprised of biparatopic humanized antibody attached via a protease-cleavable peptide-based maleimidocaproyl linker to a tubulysin toxin (AZ13599185) with an approximate average drug-antibody ratio of 4. The conjugated payload of MEDI4276 can undergo ester hydrolysis to produce the conjugated payload AZ13687308, leading to the formation of MEDI1498 (de-acetylated MEDI4276). In this report, we describe the development, validation and application of three novel multiplex bioanalytical methods. The first ligand-binding liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LBA-LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous measurement of total antibody and total ADC (antibody-conjugated AZ13599185) from MEDI4276. The second LBA-LC-MS/MS assay quantified total ADC (antibody-conjugated AZ13687308) from MEDI1498. The third multiplex LC-MS/MS assay was used for simultaneous quantification of unconjugated AZ13599185 and AZ13687308. Additional stability experiments confirmed that quantification of the released warhead in the presence of high concentrations of MEDI4276 was acceptable. Subsequently, the assays were employed in support of a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT02576548).
Experimental Investigation of Acoustic Propagation Characteristics in a Fluid-Filled Polyethylene Pipeline
Authors: Li Qi , Song Jiapeng , Shang Dajing
Published: January 2019

Fluid-filled polyethylene (PE) pipelines have a wide range of applications in, for example, water supply and gas distribution systems, and it is therefore important to understand the characteristics of acoustic propagation in such pipelines in order to detect and prevent pipe ruptures caused by vibration and noise. In this paper, using the appropriate wall parameters, the frequencies of normal waves in a fluid-filled PE pipeline are calculated, and the axial and radial dependences of sound fields are analyzed. An experimental system for investigating acoustic propagation in a fluid-filled PE pipeline is constructed and is used to verify the theoretical results. Both acoustic and mechanical excitation methods are used. According to the numerical calculation, the first-, second-, and third-order cutoff frequencies are 4.6, 10.4, and 16.3 kHz, which are close to the experimentally determined values of 4.7, 10.6, and 16 kHz. Sound above a cutoff frequency is able to propagate in the axial direction, whereas sound below this frequency is attenuated exponentially in the axial direction but can propagate along the wall in the form of vibrations. The results presented here can provide some basis for noise control in fluid-filled PE pipelines.
In Vivo Rat Brain Imaging through Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy Using an Ultrathin Short Multimode Fiber Probe
Authors: Sato Manabu , Eto Kai , Masuta Junpei , Inoue Kenji , Kurotani Reiko , Abe Hiroyuki , Nishidate Izumi
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate full-field optical coherence microscopy (OCM) using an ultrathin forward-imaging short multimode fiber (SMMF) probe with a core diameter of 50 μm, outer diameter of 125 μm, and length of 7.4 mm, which is a typical graded-index multimode fiber used for optical communications. The axial and lateral resolutions were measured to be 2.14 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. By inserting the SMMF 4 mm into the cortex of an in vivo rat brain, scanning was performed to a depth of 147 μm from the SMMF facet with a field of view of 47 μm. Three-dimensional (3D) OCM images were obtained at depths ranging from approximately 20 μm to 90 μm. Based on the morphological information of the resliced 3D images and the dependence of the integration of the OCM image signal on the insertion length, the obtained 3D information of nerve fibers has been presented.
Fiber-Optic System for Intraoperative Study of Abdominal Organs during Minimally Invasive Surgical Interventions
Authors: Kandurova Ksenia , Dremin Viktor , Zherebtsov Evgeny , Potapova Elena , Alyanov Alexander , Mamoshin Andrian , Ivanov Yury , Borsukov Alexey , Dunaev Andrey
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of endogenous fluorescence and blood perfusion in patients with pathology of the organs of hepatopancreatoduodenal area in vivo. A custom setup combining channels for fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation wavelengths of 365 nm and 450 nm) and laser Doppler flowmetry (1064 nm) with fibre optical probe for nondestructive laparoscopic measurements has been developed and applied during minimally invasive operation procedure. Preliminary measurements with two aforementioned channels have been performed at specified excitation wavelengths. The possibility of obtaining fluorescence spectra and laser Doppler flowmetry signals in vivo during minimally invasive interventions was shown. Obtained data show perspectives of further research on technical and methodological development of optical diagnostic methods for minimally invasive surgery. The obtained results can be used to provide a deeper understanding of pathological processes influence on optical properties of abdominal organs tissues, which will ultimately help surgeons to determine the state of vitality in tissues and mucous membranes directly during the process of surgical intervention.
500-kHz Level High Energy Double-Pass Nd:YVO4 Picosecond Amplifier with Optic–Optic Efficiency of 51%
Authors: Liu Xuesheng , He Huan , Song Yiheng , Wang Congcong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2019

We have demonstrated a high pulse energy and high optic–optic efficiency double-pass picosecond (ps) master oscillator power amplifier system of 1064 nm at a pulse repetition rate of 500 kHz. A 500 kHz, 7.68 μJ picosecond laser is used as the seed laser. Through one stage double-pass traveling-wave amplifier, a maximum output power of 16.19 W at a pump power of 31.7 W is generated with the optic–optic efficiency of 51.07%. The output pulse duration is 17.6 ps, corresponding to the pulse energy of 32.38 μJ. The beam quality factor M 2 were measured to be 1.28 and 1.17 along the x, y axis direction, respectively.
Biclustering of Smart Building Electric Energy Consumption Data
Authors: Divina Federico , Goméz Vela Francisco A. , García Torres Miguel
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, smart buildings can collect data regarding the electric energy consumption, which can then be analyzed to gain insights or to predict or identify abnormal energy consumption. Numerous models are applied to face this problem but they are based on a global point of view and cannot detect local patterns of abnormal consumption. This work lies in the former option, as we propose a way to analyze energy consumption data from smart buildings. In particular, we use energy consumption data collected by various buildings over a five-year period. These data were analyzed to gain insight into the functioning of the considered buildings, with the aim of detecting anomalous situations, which could indicate that some energy usage policy should be changed or that there is a fault in the sensor network. In particular, we propose an approach based on biclustering, which allows obtaining subgroups of buildings that show a similar behaviour over a specific period of time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of biclustering to energy consumption data analysis. Results confirm that the proposed approach can help policy makers in detecting irregular situations, which can provide hints on how to improve the efficiency of buildings.
Comparison between OCl−-Injection and In Situ Electrochlorination in the Formation of Chlorate and Perchlorate in Seawater
Authors: Yi Jongchan , Ahn Yongtae , Hong Moongi , Kim Gi-Hyeon , Shabnam Nisha , Jeon Byongsueng , Sang Byoung-In , Kim Hyunook
Published: January 2019

To prevent biofouling from occurring in the cooling systems of coastal power plants, chlorine is often added to the cooling water. In this study, we have evaluated the fate of the total residual oxidants and the formation of inorganic chlorination byproducts including ClO3− and ClO4− during in situ electrochlorination with seawater. Then, the results were compared with those during direct OCl−-injection to seawater. The in situ electrochlorination method based on Ti/RuO2 electrodes produced much less ClO3−, while a similar level of total residual oxidants could be achieved with a reaction time of 5 min. Moreover, no ClO4− was observed, while the direct OCl−-injection system could still result in the production of ClO4−. The less or no production of ClO3− or ClO4− by the electrochlorination of seawater was mainly attributed to two reasons. First, during the electrolysis, the less amount of OCl− is available for ClO3− formation. Secondly, the formation of ClO3− or ClO4− is affected by the electrode material. In other words, if the electrode material is carefully chosen, the production of harmful reaction byproducts can be prevented or minimized. In short, based on the results from our study, electrochlorination technology proves to be a marine environmentally friendly method for controlling biofouling in the pipes of the cooling system in a coastal power plant.
INS/Vision Integrated Navigation System Based on a Navigation Cell Model of the Hippocampus
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Guo Xiaoting , Zhao Donghua , Shen Chong , Wang Chenguang , Li Jie , Tang Jun , Liu Jun
Published: January 2019

Considering the error accumulation problem of a pure inertial navigation system (INS) under the condition of satellite signal outages, this paper proposes a brain-like navigation method based on a navigation cell model of the hippocampus to improve the accuracy and intelligence of the INS. The proposed method employs vision to acquire external perception information as an absolute reference for INS position error correction, which is established by analyzing the navigation mechanism of the rat brain. The prominent advantages of the presented method include: (1) a remarkable effect in reducing the accumulated errors of INS can be obtained; and (2) a hardware implementation procedure of an INS/vision brain-like navigation system on a single-chip microcomputer is designed and established, which makes possible the engineering application of the brain-like navigation system by providing technical detail. Also, an outdoor vehicle test is carried out to verify the superiority of the proposed INS/vision brain-like navigation system in position measurement. Finally, the optimal performance shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in accumulated error correction and accuracy improvement for INS.
Pose Estimation of Automatic Battery-Replacement System Based on ORB and Improved Keypoints Matching Method
Authors: Jiang Jiabin , Wu Fan , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Fanyi , Yang Yongying
Published: January 2019

This paper presents an improved Oriented Feature from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) keypoints matching method for pose estimation of automatic battery-replacement systems. The key issue of the system is how to precisely estimate the pose of the camera in respect to the battery. In our system, the pose-estimation hardware module is mounted onto the robot manipulator, composed of double high brightness LED light source, one monocular camera, and two laser rangefinders. The camera is utilized to take an image of the battery, the laser rangefinders on both sides of the camera are utilized to detect the real-time distance between the battery and the pose-estimation system. The estimation result is significantly influenced by the matching result of the keypoints detected by the ORB technique. The modified matching procedure, based on spatial consistency nearest hamming distance searching method, is used to determine the correct correspondences. Meanwhile, the iterative reprojection error minimization algorithm is utilized to discard incorrect correspondences. Verified by the experiments, the results reveal that this method is highly reliable and able to achieve the required positioning accuracy. The positioning error is lower than 1 mm.
Effects of Boundary Condition Models on the Seismic Responses of a Container Crane
Authors: Huh Jungwon , Nguyen Van Bac , Tran Quang Huy , Ahn Jin-Hee , Kang Choonghyun
Published: January 2019

In recent years, several large earthquakes have caused the collapse of container cranes, which have resulted in halting of freighting, and significantly affected the economy. Some reports are concerned the uplift and derailment events of crane legs, and the collapse of the crane itself. In this study, the effects of different boundary conditions used in the numerical method are investigated for a container crane under seismic excitation. Three different boundary conditions are considered in terms of the connection of the crane’s legs (wheels) and the ground (rails), namely pin support (PIN), gap element (GAP), and Friction contact (FC) elements, by using the SAP2000 program for a typical container crane. Then, time history dynamic analyses are conducted using nine recorded ground motions. Dynamic behaviors of the container crane are studied in terms of the total base shear, portal drift, and relative displacement of legs, by investigating the three types of base boundary conditions. The results of the study show that when the intensity of earthquakes is large enough to create uplift and derailment events, the selection of the boundary condition model considerably affects the dynamic responses of the container crane. In addition, when uplift and derailment of the crane occur, the FC support condition is the most compatible with the real behavior of the crane. On the other hand, under low seismic excitation, there is no significant difference of the crane behavior according to the choice of boundary condition model.
Ultraprecision Diameter Measurement of Small Holes with Large Depth-To-Diameter Ratios Based on Spherical Scattering Electrical-Field Probing
Authors: Bian Xingyuan , Cui Junning , Lu Yesheng , Tan Jiubin
Published: January 2019

In order to solve the difficulty of precision measurement of small hole diameters with large depth-to-diameter ratios, a new measurement method based on spherical scattering electrical-field probing (SSEP) was developed. A spherical scattering electrical field with identical sensing characteristics in arbitrary spatial directions was formed to convert the micro gap between the probing-ball and the part being measured into an electrical signal. 3D non-contact probing, nanometer resolution, and approximate point probing—which are key properties for high measurement precision and large measurable depth-to-diameter ratios—were achieved. A specially designed hole diameter measuring machine (HDMM) was developed, and key techniques, including laser interferometry for macro displacement measurement of the probe, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of hole attitude, and measurement process planning, are described. Experiments were carried out using the HDMM and a probing sensor with a ϕ3-mm probing ball and a 150-mm-long stylus to verify the performance of the probing sensor and the measuring machine. The experimental results indicate that the resolution of the probing sensor was as small as 1 nm, and the expanded uncertainty of measurement result was 0.2 μm (k = 2) when a ϕ20-mm ring gauge standard was measured.
Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects
Authors: Asteris Panagiotis , Moropoulou Antonia , Skentou Athanasia , Apostolopoulou Maria , Mohebkhah Amin , Cavaleri Liborio , Rodrigues Hugo , Varum Humberto
Published: January 2019

A methodology aiming to predict the vulnerability of masonry structures under seismic action is presented herein. Masonry structures, among which many are cultural heritage assets, present high vulnerability under earthquake. Reliable simulations of their response to seismic stresses are exceedingly difficult because of the complexity of the structural system and the anisotropic and brittle behavior of the masonry materials. Furthermore, the majority of the parameters involved in the problem such as the masonry material mechanical characteristics and earthquake loading characteristics have a stochastic-probabilistic nature. Within this framework, a detailed analytical methodological approach for assessing the seismic vulnerability of masonry historical and monumental structures is presented, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the input parameters by means of analytically determining fragility curves. The emerged methodology is presented in detail through application on theoretical and built cultural heritage real masonry structures.
Influence of Gemini Surfactants on Biochemical Profile and Ultrastructure of Aspergillus brasiliensis
Authors: Koziróg Anna , Otlewska Anna , Gapińska Magdalena , Michlewska Sylwia
Published: January 2019

In this study, we investigated the activities of hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C5), and their two neutral analogues: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A6) and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A5) at concentrations of ½ MIC, MIC, and 2 MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against hyphal forms of Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404. Enzymatic profiles were determined using the API-ZYM system. Extracellular proteins were extracted from the mycelia and analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The ultrastructure was evaluated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both groups of surfactants caused changes in the enzyme profiles. Larger changes in the number and concentration of enzymes were noted after the action of non-ionic gemini surfactants, which may have been due to the 100× higher concentration of neutral compounds. Larger differences between the protein profiles of the control sample and the biocide samples were observed following the use of cationic compounds. On the basis of TEM analyses, we found that, with increasing concentrations of compound C6, the mycelium cells gradually degraded. After treatment at 2 MIC, only membranous structures, multiform bodies, and dense electron pellets remained. Based on these results, we concluded that cationic gemini surfactants, in comparison with their non-ionic analogues, could have a wide range of practical applications as active compounds.
Static Structures in Leaky Mode Waveguides
Authors: Pettingill Daniel , Kurtz Daniel , Smalley Daniel
Published: January 2019

In this work, we suggest a new method of expanding the field of view in bottom-exit, leaky mode devices for transparent, monolithic, holographic, near-eye display. In this approach, we propose the use of static, laser-induced, grating structures within the device substrate to break the leaky mode light into diffracted orders. We then propose to use carefully timed illumination pulses to select which diffracted order is visible to the eye at every display refresh interval (up to 100 kHz). Each of these orders becomes a view for a different image point. To describe this new method, we use K-vector analysis. We give the relevant equations and a list of parameters which lead to a near-eye geometry with little or no overlap in higher-order view zones. We conclude that it should be possible to increase the field of view of our bottom-exit, leaky mode devices by as much as one order of magnitude by simply adding a laser-induced grating structure to the substrate and by carefully timing the device illumination. If successful, this method would make possible a transparent, holographic, near-eye display that is simple to fabricate, relative to pixelated approaches, and which has a wide field-of-view relative to our current bottom-exit displays.
Mechanism Research and Countermeasure Analysis of Yellow Plume during the Gas Turbine Start-Up Period
Authors: Liu Zhitan , Li Yugang , Wang Kai , Shao Weiwei , Wang Bo , Sun Chen
Published: January 2019

The problem of yellow plume exists in most heavy-duty gas turbine units under start-up and low load conditions. How to suppress the yellow plume is a difficult problem in gas turbine power plants. It is judged that yellow plume is caused by the high NO2 concentration in flue gas. From the point of view of mechanism research, this study analyzed the causes of yellow plume by numerical simulation combined with experimental research; obtained influence factors of the conversion of NO into NO2; analyzed the degree of influence of these factors on the formation of yellow plume; verified the results through on-site measurement of a 6FA gas turbine unit; and finally proposed the countermeasures to suppress yellow plume from the gas turbine side and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) side.
Resonance Instability of Photovoltaic E-Bike Charging Stations: Control Parameters Analysis, Modeling and Experiment
Authors: Zhang Ziqian , Gercek Cihan , Renner Herwig , Reinders Angèle , Fickert Lothar
Published: January 2019

This article presents an in-situ comparative analysis and power quality tests of a newly developed photovoltaic charging system for e-bikes. The various control methods of the inverter are modeled and a single-phase grid-connected inverter is tested under different conditions. Models are constituted for two current control methods; the proportional resonance and the synchronous rotating frames. In order to determine the influence of the control parameters, the system is analyzed analytically in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain by simulation. The tests indicated the resonance instability of the photovoltaic inverter. The passivity impedance-based stability criterion is applied in order to analyze the phenomenon of resonance instability. In conclusion, the phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth and control parameters of the current loop have a major effect on the output admittance of the inverter, which should be adjusted to make the system stable.
A Versatile Silicon-Silicon Nitride Photonics Platform for Enhanced Functionalities and Applications
Authors: Wilmart Quentin , El Dirani Houssein , Tyler Nicola , Fowler Daivid , Malhouitre Stéphane , Garcia Stéphanie , Casale Marco , Kerdiles Sébastien , Hassan Karim , Monat Christelle , Letartre Xavier , Kamel Ayman , Pu Minhao , Yvind Kresten , Oxenløwe Leif Katsuo , Rabaud Wilfried , Sciancalepore Corrado , Szelag Bertrand , Olivier Ségolène
Published: January 2019

Silicon photonics is one of the most prominent technology platforms for integrated photonics and can support a wide variety of applications. As we move towards a mature industrial core technology, we present the integration of silicon nitride (SiN) material to extend the capabilities of our silicon photonics platform. Depending on the application being targeted, we have developed several integration strategies for the incorporation of SiN. We present these processes, as well as key components for dedicated applications. In particular, we present the use of SiN for athermal multiplexing in optical transceivers for datacom applications, the nonlinear generation of frequency combs in SiN micro-resonators for ultra-high data rate transmission, spectroscopy or metrology applications and the use of SiN to realize optical phased arrays in the 800–1000 nm wavelength range for Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) applications. These functionalities are demonstrated using a 200 mm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible pilot line, showing the versatility and scalability of the Si-SiN platform.
Glass—A Material Practice in the Anthropocene
Authors: Panneels Inge
Published: January 2019

This paper details and discusses Material Journey (2018), an art project by the author that was exhibited at the National Glass Centre in Sunderland (UK) from 9 June to 2 September 2018. This research project sought to interrogate the material impact of one art project made of glass by carefully considering the different stages of making—from design to production to the exhibition phase. The carbon footprint of an energy intensive material such as glass is often considered anathema to sustainable making practices in the field of applied arts. Whilst this paper makes the case that the material impact of individual art practices is negligible in the global context of carbon footprints, it nevertheless argues that the craft of ‘making’ has a critical role to play in the Anthropocene. Critically, this project is one of the first art projects in glass that critically examines the carbon footprint of a material practice. It is argued that this conversation is long overdue but makes the case that the tools for understanding and calculating the carbon footprint of a material practice are currently lacking and need more development.
Validation of HOAPS Rain Retrievals against OceanRAIN In-Situ Measurements over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bumke Karl , Pilch Kedzierski Robin , Schröder Marc , Klepp Christian , Fennig Karsten
Published: January 2019

The satellite-derived HOAPS (Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data) precipitation estimates have been validated against in-situ precipitation measurements from optical disdrometers, available from OceanRAIN (Ocean Rainfall And Ice-phase precipitation measurement Network) over the open-ocean by applying a statistical analysis for binary estimates. In addition to using directly collocated pairs of data, collocated data were merged within a certain temporal and spatial threshold into single events, according to the observation times. Although binary statistics do not show perfect agreement, simulations of areal estimates from the observations themselves indicate a reasonable performance of HOAPS to detect rain. However, there are deficits at low and mid-latitudes. Weaknesses also occur when analyzing the mean precipitation rates; HOAPS underperforms in the area of the intertropical convergence zone, where OceanRAIN observations show the highest mean precipitation rates. Histograms indicate that this is due to an underestimation of the frequency of moderate to high precipitation rates by HOAPS, which cannot be explained by areal averaging.
Innovative Sensor Approach to Follow Campylobacter jejuni Development
Authors: Núñez-Carmona Estefanía , Abbatangelo Marco , Sberveglieri Veronica
Published: January 2019

Campylobacter spp infection affects more than 200,000 people every year in Europe and in the last four years a trend shows an increase in campylobacteriosis. The main vehicle for transmission of the bacterium is contaminated food like meat, milk, fruit and vegetables. In this study, the aim was to find characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of C. jejuni in order to detect its presence with an array of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors. Using a starting concentration of 103 CFU/mL, VOCs were analyzed using Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) with a Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) technique at the initial time (T0) and after 20 h (T20). It has been found that a Campylobacter sample at T20 is characterized by a higher number of alcohol compounds that the one at T0 and this is due to sugar fermentation. Sensor results showed the ability of the system to follow bacteria curve growth from T0 to T20 using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In particular, this results in a decrease of ΔR/R0 value over time. For this reason, MOX sensors are a promising technology for the development of a rapid and sensitive system for C. jejuni.