bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actividades de prevención y factores de riesgo en diabetes mellitus y pie diabético
Authors: Pinilla Analida Elizabeth , Barrera Maria del Pilar , Devia Christian , Devia Diego
Published: August 2020

Objetivos: determinar prevalencia actividades de prevención por médicos y pacientes. Identificar factores de riesgo: pie, metabólicos, alimentarios y estado nutricional. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal octubre 2009-junio 2011, pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes mellitus, mayores de edad; aprobación comité ética. Encuesta médica, evaluación nutricional,medición A1c y lípidos, educación mediante cartilla autocuidado. Análisis descriptivo: variables cuantitativas y cualitativas, coeficientes correlación de Pearson; programas Excel 2007 y SPSS-versión-15.0. Resultados: pacientes encuestados 263; hombres 44.1% y mujeres 55.9%; edad promedio63.6±13.3; tiempo diagnóstico diabetes 11.4 ± 8.5 años. Escolaridad primaria 58.9%, estrato socioeconómico 1-2 (71.3%). Antecedente: úlceras 14.8%, amputación 1.9%, disestesias 49.8%, claudicación intermitente 22.7%, examen pies por médico 42.9%. Actividades prevención por médicos son precarias porque no: educan 59.5% sobre autocuidado pie, examinan pies 57.1%, preguntan sobre: disestesias 68.3%, claudicación intermitente 74.8%. Autocuidado pacientes diario inadecuado porque, no revisan: pies 27.4%, interior calzado 28.1%; no realizan: secado interdigital 8%, lubricación pies 58.8%; sin automonitoreo 63.2%; corte inadecuado uñas 68.1%; no usan: medias 21.7%, calzado terapéutico 98.5%; sin colaboración familiar 55.1%. Descontrol metabólico: A1c 9.6% ± 2.7; c-LDL 99.1 mg% ± 31.3; triglicéridos: 171.9 mg% ± 97.9. Sin consejería por nutricionista 39.4%; con preobesidad-obesidad 58.9%. Correlación: IMC y cintura punto medio (r=0.750, p=0.000); IMC y porcentaje grasa corporal (r=0.586,p=0.000). Hábitos alimentación: preferencia alimentos fritos 42.3%; bajo consumo: proteína animal (12.7%), lácteos (31.8%), frutas (64.7%) y verduras (57.9%); alto consumo almidones (43.4%). Conclusiones: las actividades de prevención por médicos y pacientes son deficientes. Se evidenciaron factores de riesgo para diabetes mellitus y pie diabético: hiperlipidemia, hiperglucemia, obesidad y hábitos alimentarios inadecuados.
Leadership and Human Resources Development in Nigeria: Factors for National Development
Authors: Kalejaiye Peter O. , Sokefun Eniola , Adedeji Adewusi O,
Published: August 2020

The human resource of any organization or country is the most important and invaluable asset it has and thus, an essential tool in achieving organizational goals and national development. However, the success or failure in achieving the vision of any organization or nation-state depends solely on the quality of its leadership and how it is able to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitudes of her human resources. Aside the material resources in Nigeria, she is also endowed with human resources. Lack of adequate emphasis on human resource development as a tool for development on the part of government as well as business organizations and private bodies has brought about hardship among Nigerians especially the youth, and has thus led them to their engagement in unethical means for survival. It was against this backdrop that the study examines the investments made by successive government in Nigeria on human resource development. It discussed human resource development from the micro/organization level and macro/national level. As a secondary data based research, the study utilized evidences from the Human Development Index (HDI) report of selected years (2000-2014) and used system theory of Talcott Pearson as a guide for its discussion. It pinpoints the problems of leadership with regards to human resource development in Nigeria. The paper recommends that organization; government and private bodies should invest hugely on the human resources as this will result to the achievement of the mission and vision statement of any organization, and of course, leads to national deve
Intra-Communal Conflict and the Politics of Oil Compensation Sharing among Indigenes of Ilaje Community, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okunola Rasidi Akanji , Ademola Emmanuel Oluniyi
Published: August 2020

Payment and distribution of oil compensation as a benefit for oil exploration impact has often resulted in communal conflicts between and within oil producing communities of Ilaje coastal area of Ondo State, Nigeria. This study examined local politics and conflict inherent in oil compensation agitation and distribution in relevant communities. It synthesized Joseph prebendalism theory and Mills’ elite theory as its theoretical base with specific emphasis on the local politics on agitation, negotiation and distribution of oil compensation. Thirteen communities were purposively selected from the coastal communities. Qualitative data collection methods were mainly employed for this research. These included In-depth interviews with traditional leaders, Focus Group Discussions among community youth leaders and Key Informant Interviews were done amongst community representatives. Data collection was complemented with a community survey to capture the views of community members. Increase in conflict and agitation for oil compensation in oil producing communities arose from differentials in oil compensation categories in the study area which deepened oil politics and conflicts arising from the prebendal roles of the elites and traditional rulers. The work suggested more proactive measures for restructuring oil compensation payment and distribution.
Unified Power Conservative Equivalent Circuit for DC Networks
Authors: Barbi Ivo
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces a new equivalent circuit for linear direct current networks consisting of independent voltage and current sources, and resistors, which represents all the power dissipated internally in the resistors. It is demonstrated that the internal losses of any network have two components. One is variable and dependent on the internal resistances of the actual circuit and the power transferred to the pair of accessible terminals. The other is constant and dependent only on the internal voltage and current sources and the resistances of the actual network. It is also demonstrated theoretically and validated by numerical simulation that the traditional Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits are particular cases of the proposed equivalent circuit in this paper. The proposed equivalent circuit can be used to analyze power and efficiencies of the actual network.
Repurposing Interleukin-6 Inhibitors to Combat COVID-19
Authors: Kato Shumei , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: August 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic with major implications across the world. One of the most frequent causes of death from SARS-CoV-2 is fatal pneumonia from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date (as of April 2, 2020), other than supportive measures, there are no efficient therapeutic options for COVID-19–related ARDS, although the US Food and Drug Administration recently granted emergency authorization for the use of hydroxychoroquine/chloroquine for this indication (which is usually given with azithromycin). Although the pathogenesis for ARDS is under investigation, one of the major culprits is considered to be cytokine storm, especially from interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. Herein, we review potential use of IL-6 inhibitors, several of which are approved for other disease conditions, as potential novel treatment for the management of COVID-19–related ARDS.
Community Pharmacy Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective From the Middle East
Authors: Hamed Saja H.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses serious challenges to pharmaceutical care services, and innovative responses by community pharmacists and regulatory bodies are needed. The experience in Jordan, located in the Middle East, is shared in this article in light of available international guidelines to provide insight into the efforts made by the pharmacists to safely maintain pharmaceutical services during the current pandemic. In addition, unique roles played by community pharmacists in other countries are discussed to shed light on the important role of community pharmacists in this outbreak.
The Assessment of Tourism and Recreational Attractiveness of Ryazan Landscapes in the Oka-Klyazma Geomorphological Region
Authors: Никифорова Е.М.
Published: August 2020

Приводится оценка туристско-рекреационной привлекательности рельефа рязанской части Окско-Клязьминского геоморфологического района по следующим критериям: уникальность рельефа (по генезису, морфологии, рельефообразующим процессам, внешнему виду); обозреваемость; контрастность; сочетание с другими элементами ландшафта; наличие особо охраняемых природных территорий; антропогенная трансформация; наличие исторических и культурных памятников; пригодность к рекреации.Предложены меры, позволяющие увеличить туристско-рекреационную привлекательность территории.

The article assesses tourism and recreational attractiveness of Ryazan landscapes in the Oka-Klyazma geomorphological region. The assessment is based on the following criteria: landscape uniqueness, (genesis, morphology, relief-forming processes, exterior features), observability, visibility, compatibility with other elements of the landscape, presence of protected natural areas, anthropogenic transformation, presence of historical and cultural monuments, recreation availability. The article suggests some measures that can increase tourism and recreational attractiveness of the area.
Сarbon fluxes intensity from substrates and phototrophic consortiums of the photic zones in Montenegro caves
Authors: Mazina Svetlana E. , Kozlova Ekaterina V. , Turchinskaya Sofiia M. , Pichugina Elizaveta K. , Yuzbekov Akhmed K. , Pešić Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Сarbon dioxide fluxes from substrates and consortiums were estimated for the first time in the photic zones of seven caves of Montenegro. The dependence of consortiums productivity with their species composition and structure, as well as determination of the priority source of carbon dioxide for the primary producers of trophic chains of the photic zones were revealed.Five consortiums were distinguished in the fouling communities of the photic zones of seven karst caves of Montenegro: with the dominance of acrocarpous mosses, pleurocarpous mosses, green algae, cyanobacteria biofilms and sheath-forming cyanobacteria on various substrates. The closed chamber technique was used to calculate carbon fluxes. The net carbon flux, gross respiration of substrates and consortiums, and gross primary production of consortiums in the summer and winter were determined. The biomass of the phototrophic and heterotrophic components of the consortiums was estimated. Isotopic analysis of clay deposits and phytomass of bryophytes in the consotriums as well as on the surface was carried out. All of the investigated consortiums function as a carbon sink in both seasons, providing a negative balance to the atmosphere. Consortiums with the dominance of bryophytes possessed the greatest biomass, spores of micromycetes dominated in the heterotrophic component. The respiration of substrates was maximized on clay deposits, the respiration rate increased in winter. Phototrophic respiration and gross primary production were maximal in the consortiums of acrocarpous mosses and case-forming cyanobacteria in terms of dry phytomass. Increased content of the light carbon isotope 12C in the bryophytes phytomass in the photic zones compared to the bryophytes phytomass on the surface was established.
Tendências de pesquisa sobre aprendizagem baseada em problemas no periódico Journal of Chemical Education
Authors: Campos Angela Fernandes , Lucas dos Santos Fernandes
Published: August 2020

Este estudo traz uma revisão de literatura sobre Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) realizada no Journal of Chemical Education. Os dados foram coletados diretamente no site do referido periódico e, em seguida, analisados. As categorias de análise foram divididas em três aspectos: bibliográficos, teóricos, metodológicos. Os resultados mostraram que a tendência das pesquisas analisadas está na direção de proposição e aplicação de intervenção didática, particularmente em espaços de laboratório químico. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de mais estudos sobre ABP com a participação de estudantes dos ensinos fundamental e médio; a formação continuada de professores e a construção de currículos de Química em disciplinas e/ou cursos pautadas na ABP.
Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem baseada em problemas. Journal of chemical education. Tendências de pesquisa.
Global political and economic governance
Authors: Viswanathan H. H. S. , Sharma Mihir Swarup
Published: August 2020

This paper provides an overview about the challenges of multipolarity and globalization, focusing on various institutions of global governance, and how BRICS are making efforts to overcome them, considering the interests of the grouping in each as well as what positive changes could and are being brought about with respect to each.
Investimentos da China no Brasil, na África do Sul e na Índia: arranjos institucionais, atores e impactos
Authors: Garcia Ana Saggioro
Published: August 2020

O BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) constituiu um marco do início do século XXI e gerou expectativas de ser um polo alternativo à ordem mundial baseada nos Estados Unidos. Embora tenha construído diferentes espaços de cooperação e instituições comuns na última década, a relação entre os países do BRICS é assimétrica, principalmente em virtude do peso econômico da China. Este artigo tem por objetivo fornecer um panorama dos investimentos da China em três outros membros do BRICS: Brasil, África do Sul e Índia. Metodologicamente, evidenciamos as características mais relevantes dos investimentos chineses, observando os seguintes itens: principais empresas e bancos de investimento; volumes de investimento e principais setores; e participação do governo local e instituições parceiras privadas. Além disso, destacamos alguns programas e políticas públicas que facilitam o investimento chinês em cada um desses países. Por fim, verificamos a existência ou não de impactos sociais, ambientais e trabalhistas que possam estar envoltos nos projetos. Neste sentido, o artigo fornece aspectos relevantes que permitem identificar similaridades e diferenças nas relações econômicas de cada país com a China. Apresentamos a síntese dos resultados na forma de figuras.
Diez años del BRICS: crisis de hegemonía occidental y construcción de un orden mundial multipolar
Authors: Schulz Juan Sebastián
Published: August 2020

Entre el 14 y el 16 de noviembre de 2019 se llevó a cabo la XI Cumbre del BRICS en Brasilia, lo que significó no sólo el décimo aniversario del nacimiento formal del grupo, sino también la onceava Cumbre de mandatarios consecutiva desde la primera reunión en Ekaterimburgo, Rusia, allá por 2009. En este marco, el presente artículo se propone realizar un repaso por las principales demandas y reivindicaciones del bloque BRICS a lo largo de estos diez años, puntualizando en las reivindicaciones sobre la construcción de un orden mundial multipolar, la reforma de las instituciones de gobernanza global y la necesidad de una nueva arquitectura financiera internacional. Enmarcamos el surgimiento del BRICS en un mundo que atraviesa un proceso de transición hegemónica histórico-espacial, en el que se observa un cambio del centro de gravedad del poder mundial desde el occidente hacia el oriente y desde el norte hacia el sur. En este contexto, un conjunto de estados emergentes comienzan a obtener mayor capacidad de decisión autónoma sobre sus políticas de desarrollo, planteándose el desafío de construir un nuevo orden mundial.
Development of Salt Hydrolysis Module Based on guided Inquiry to Increase The Critical Thinking Ablility of 11th Grade High School Students
Authors: Qaidah Annisatul , . Hardeli
Published: August 2020

This study aims to produce a guided inquirybased salt hydrolysis module to improve students' critical thinking skills by determining the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of the module. The type of research used is research development or Research and Development (R&D). The sampling technique uses cluster purposive sampling. The number of samples is 57 students from both schools. The development model used is the Plomp development model which has three stages namely the initial investigation phase (preliminary research phase), the prototype phase (prototyping phase) and the assessment phase (assessment phase). The research instruments used were interview sheets, questionnaires in the form of validation and practicality sheets, objective questions, and critical thinking questions. Data analysis techniques using SPSS 16 software. The results obtained by N-gain experimental class is higher than the control class that is experimental class 1 and 2 have N-gain 64.65 and 59.46, while control classes 1 and 2 have N-gain 60 , 83 and 58.6 with significant differences. Hypothesis test results show a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of the experimental class and the control class, both in schools with high and low student abilities.
Methods to Evaluate Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance During Mechanical Ventilation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kulkarni Apoorva S , N Sheela
Published: August 2020

Mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving activity that is used in critical care management. In such case, monitoring of airway resistance(Raw) and lung compliance(CL) play a major role for diagnosing the lung condition, setting the ventilator parameters, can act as a decision parameter for weaning the patient from the ventilator. Several methods have been described for estimating these respiratory parameters. In this work, a study is conducted to compare two different methods used to calculate airway resistance and lung compliance during mechanical ventilation. Michigan Adult/Infant lung simulator is used to simulate different compliance conditions and Michigan Pneuflo Resistors to simulate different resistance conditions. Flow, volume and pressure data were logged for different set parameters i.e. for different resistance and compliance combinations. Later these data were used to calculate the respiratory system resistance and compliance. Two methods were used to calculate lung parameters, dynamic approach and Least Square fitting(LSF) method(using respiratory system equation of motion). Both methods gave accurate estimate of Raw and CL. But the dynamic approach required respiratory maneuver whereas LSF approach required large datasets to carry out the calculation and the patient should not show any active breathing during evaluation
Preliminary Screening of Some Nutraceuticals as Aflatoxin (Aspergillus flavus) Reduction Agents Using In Vitro growth Inhibition Technique
Authors: M.M Ari, , D. I Hassan, , A Yakubu, , M. M Adua,
Published: August 2020

The following nutraceuticals: Moringa oleifera Lam., Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zinger officinale) were screened for their possible use as Aflatoxin (Aspergillus flavus) reduction agents by extracting their photochemical constituent’s using aqueous and methanol extraction which were used as inhibitors of A. flavus . The results showed the presence of tannins, steroides, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone, flavonoids, alkaloids terpenes and saponins in all the tested nutraceuticals. Methanol extraction had highest concentration of the phytochemical constituents in each and the growth inhibition zone of A. Flavus showed that the extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves, Garlic (Allium sativum L) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibit the growth of A. flavus in methanol extract, while aqueous extraction showed no zone of inhibition. The sensitivity results obtained revealed significant (p>0.05) difference on zones of inhibition at different concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/ml of the extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves (A), Garlic (B) and Ginger (C) and for methanol extracts (A), (B) and (C) at concentration of 12.5mg/ml. The highest zones of inhibition is extract (C) at 200mg/ml. The constituents in these nutraceuticals and the sensitivity results obtained indicates that these nutraceuticaals could be used as phytogenic feed additive for the inhibition of growth of mycotoxins in feeds
Development of Student Activity Sheets Based on Local Wisdom to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Science 4th Grade Elementary School
Authors: Anggraeni Novita , . Suryanti , Budijastuti Widowati
Published: August 2020

This study aims to produce and describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Student Activity Sheets based on the local wisdom of Surabayaspecific Batik that can improve critical thinking skills in science subjects 6th grade Elementary School. This research is a development research that refers to the Four D (4D) development model. Student Activity Sheet based Surabaya batik local wisdom validated by experts, then tested on 20 fourth grade students of Mulyorejo I / 237 Elementary school Surabaya. The results showed that the Student Activity Sheet that was developed was very valid with a percentage of 92.25%, the Student Activity Sheet that was developed practically based on student activities relevant to learning with a percentage of 92.71%, and the Student Activity Sheet that was developed effectively based on the results Student's critical thinking test which showed that all students completed with an N-gain of 0.751 in the high category. It can be concluded that the Student Activity Sheet based Surabaya batik local wisdom deserves to improve the critical thinking skills of elementary students.
pandemia del Covid-19 ante el derecho internacional: una exploración preliminar
Authors: Schiappa-Pietra Oscar
Published: August 2020

La pandemia del Covid-19 afecta variadas dimensiones del derecho internacional y pone en cuestión la eficacia de los marcos organizacionales y normativos actuales de gobernanza global. Se analiza en particular las normas sobre el derecho humano a la salud, las atribuciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y los instrumentos internacionales disponibles para resolver controversias generadas por la pandemia o por las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para enfrentarla.
The Effectiveness of Peer-Led Teaching for Medical Students
Authors: Melamed Naomi
Published: August 2020

Poster presented at BAPIO National Conference, London 2019
Peer reviewed by Subarna Chakravorty PhD & Sunil Daga PhD
The Hubble Space Telescope's Near-UV and Optical Transmission Spectrum of Earth as an Exoplanet
Authors: Youngblood Allison , Arney Giada N. , García Muñoz Antonio , Stocke John T. , France Kevin , Roberge Aki
Published: August 2020

We observed the 2019 January total lunar eclipse with the Hubble Space Telescope’s STIS spectrograph to obtain the first near-UV (1700–3200 Å) observation of Earth as a transiting exoplanet. The observatories and instruments that will be able to perform transmission spectroscopy of exo-Earths are beginning to be planned, and characterizing the transmission spectrum of Earth is vital to ensuring that key spectral features (e.g., ozone, or O3) are appropriately captured in mission concept studies. O3 is photochemically produced from O2, a product of the dominant metabolism on Earth today, and it will be sought in future observations as critical evidence for life on exoplanets. Ground-based observations of lunar eclipses have provided the Earth’s transmission spectrum at optical and near-IR wavelengths, but the strongest O3 signatures are in the near-UV. We describe the observations and methods used to extract a transmission spectrum from Hubble lunar eclipse spectra, and identify spectral features of O3 and Rayleigh scattering in the 3000–5500 Å region in Earth’s transmission spectrum by comparing to Earth models that include refraction effects in the terrestrial atmosphere during a lunar eclipse. Our near-UV spectra are featureless, a consequence of missing the narrow time span during the eclipse when near-UV sunlight is not completely attenuated through Earth’s atmosphere due to extremely strong O3 absorption and when sunlight is transmitted to the lunar surface at altitudes where it passes through the O3 layer rather than above it.
Characterization of the Atmosphere of Super-Earth 55 Cancri e Using High-resolution Ground-based Spectroscopy
Authors: Jindal Abhinav , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Jayawardhana Ray , Deibert Emily K. , Brogi Matteo , Rustamkulov Zafar , Fortney Jonathan J. , Hood Callie E. , Morley Caroline V.
Published: August 2020

The nearby super-Earth 55 Cnc e orbits a bright (V = 5.95 mag) star with a period of ∼18 hr and a mass of ∼8M
⊕. Its atmosphere may be water-rich and have a large-scale height; though, attempts to characterize it have yielded ambiguous results. Here we present a sensitive search for water and TiO in its atmosphere at high spectral resolution using the Gemini North telescope and the GRACES spectrograph. We combine observations with previous observations from Subaru and CFHT, improving the constraints on the presence of water vapor. We adopt parametric models with an updated planet radius based on recent measurements, and use a cross-correlation technique to maximize sensitivity. Our results are consistent with atmospheres that are cloudy or contain minimal amounts of water and TiO. Using these parametric models, we rule out a water-rich atmosphere (VMR

0.1%) with a mean molecular weight of

15 g mol−1 at a 3σ confidence level, improving on the previous limit by a significant margin. For TiO, we rule out a mean molecular weight of

5 g mol−1 with a 3σ confidence level for a VMR greater than 10−8; for a VMR of greater than 10−7, the limit rises to a mean molecular weight of

10 g mol−1. We can rule out low mean-molecular-weight chemical equilibrium models both including and excluding TiO/VO at very high confidence levels (>10σ). Overall, our results are consistent with an atmosphere with a high mean molecular weight and/or clouds, or no atmosphere.
Revisiting the Relation between Nonthermal Line Widths and Transverse MHD Wave Amplitudes
Authors: Pant Vaibhav , Doorsselaere Tom Van
Published: August 2020

Observations and 3D MHD simulations of the transverse MHD waves in the solar corona have established that true wave energies hide in the nonthermal line widths of the optically thin emission lines. This displays the need for a relation between the nonthermal line widths and transverse wave amplitudes for estimating the true wave energies. In the past decade, several studies have assumed that the root mean square (rms) wave amplitudes are larger than the nonthermal line widths by a factor of

. However, a few studies have ignored this factor while estimating rms wave amplitudes. Thus, there appears to exist a discrepancy in this relation. In this study, we investigate the dependence of nonthermal line widths on wave amplitudes by constructing a simple mathematical model followed by 3D MHD simulations. We derive this relation for the linearly and circularly polarized oscillations, as well as oscillations excited by multiple velocity drivers. We note a fairly good match between mathematical models and numerical simulations. We conclude that the rms wave amplitudes are never greater than the nonthermal line widths, which raises questions about earlier studies claiming transverse waves carry enough energy to heat the solar corona.
Interior Ballistics of Amphibious Rifle when Firing under Water
Authors: Konečný P. , Dao V. D. , Nguyen V. H. , Le H. B.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with an adaptation of the standard interior ballistics model for the case of amphibious rifle shooting ammunition under water. The adapted mathematical model was validated and experimentally verified using the 5.56 mm underwater projectile shot from the 5.56 mm amphibious rifle. The dependence of the underwater interior ballistic processes on the powder mass was investigated. The results of theoretical mathematic model solution correspond very well with experiment. The described mathematical model and the dependence of the underwater interior ballistic processes on the powder mass can be a reference for designers in the design process of the underwater ammunition or underwater rifle.
La Charte européenne pour l’égalité des femmes et des hommes dans la vie locale : genèse transnationale et usages territorialisés d’un instrument de soft law
Authors: Le Bris Catherine , Weill Pierre-Edouard
Published: August 2020

En examinant le cas de la Charte européenne pour l’égalité des femmes et des hommes dans la vie locale (EEFHVL), cet article met en lumière un processus conjugué d’européanisation du droit et de territorialisation de l’action publique. L’étude de la genèse et des usages de cette charte révèle un jeu d’échelles entre différents niveaux de gouvernement transnationaux, nationaux et locaux dans l’espace européen. La Charte EEFHVL consiste en un ensemble de règles de droit non obligatoires et de dispositifs visant à lutter localement contre les inégalités de genre. Son avènement témoigne d’un recours accru des collectivités locales au soft law , c’est-à-dire à des instruments à la valeur juridique limitée, ainsi que de l’essor du gender mainstreaming , soit de l’intégration d’une dimension de genre à tous les domaines d’action publique. L’article interroge d’abord les logiques de création de la Charte, produit de négociations entre représentant.e.s des branches nationales du Conseil des Communes et Régions d’Europe. Les caractéristiques des collectivités signataires et leurs logiques de répartition dans l’espace européen sont ensuite étudiées. Si les origines transnationales et peu marquées politiquement de la Charte la font apparaître comme un instrument œcuménique, le vote de sa signature, en revanche, s’inscrit dans des rapports de force au sein des conseils des collectivités. Cette étude brosse enfin une esquisse des réformes locales, souvent limitées, prises en application d’un tel instrument de soft law .
De l’intérêt d’une géographie du droit pour appréhender les modes d’habiter des enfants de parents séparés
Authors: Cavaillé Fabienne
Published: August 2020

L’étude de la matière juridique qui s’est développée concernant la résidence des enfants suite à la séparation de leurs parents montre ici l’intérêt de développer une géographie du droit. Sont d’abord présentés l’état de la problématique des modes de résidence des enfants de parents séparés et sa dimension géo-juridique. Puis, pour l’essentiel, est étudié, selon une méthode d’analyse de contenu thématique, un corpus de décisions de cours d’appel françaises. L’étude de ce matériau jurisprudentiel révèle les principaux critères et motifs des juges pour décider du mode de résidence des enfants et en particulier accepter ou refuser la résidence alternée : sont valorisés la nature des relations entre les parents, les disponibilités et capacités parentales de chacun d’eux, l’environnement habituel, social et local de l’enfant, la stabilité et la prévisibilité de son mode de vie. Puis ce raisonnement juridique est mis en perspective à partir d’éléments de contextualisation du système judiciaire et d’un rapide état des connaissances relatives à l’habiter des enfants, notamment en double résidence. Une reproblématisation est finalement envisagée concernant la prise en compte des enfants dans la procédure judiciaire. La géographie du droit esquissée ici, qui relève d’un paradigme réaliste, se tient au plus près des individus, des enfants, et de leurs spatialités quotidiennes.
Apports de la cartographie du droit à la géohistoire des pollutions industrielles des eaux du fleuve Rhin
Authors: Ly keng Caline , Berrod Frédérique , Fujiki Kenji , Badariotti Dominique
Published: August 2020

Les pollutions chroniques et accidentelles des eaux du Rhin les plus importantes sont survenues avec l’avènement des industries chimiques et lourdes. Dès lors, une multitude de textes juridiques (conventions internationales, directives de l’Union européenne, lois, décrets) a été élaborée afin de lutter contre la pollution industrielle. Les intentions de cette contribution sont d’apporter des pistes méthodologiques à l’aide d’outils numériques d’une part, pour la reconstruction partielle de la géohistoire des rejets d’effluents industriels ; d’autre part, pour l’évaluation de l’effectivité du droit dans le temps. L’objectif est de comprendre les liens entre cadre normatif et rejets d’effluents industriels et son impact sur le Rhin. Nous avons choisi un site d’étude précis : le Grand Canal d’Alsace et le Vieux Rhin afin d’évaluer l’intérêt de la cartographie juridique dans l’étude des pollutions industrielles. S’agissant d’un projet encore exploratoire, nous exposons ici uniquement la démarche adoptée sur la rive gauche française du Rhin.
Cinquante ans de pratiques culturelles en France
Authors: Lombardo Philippe , Wolff Loup
Published: August 2020

Menée tout au long de l’année 2018 auprès d’un échantillon de plus de 9 200 personnes en France métropolitaine, l’enquête sur les pratiques culturelles est la sixième édition d’une série commencée au début des années 1970 et destinée à mesurer la participation de la population aux loisirs et à la vie culturelle. Cette sixième édition permet d’observer l’évolution des pratiques culturelles depuis la précédente édition réalisée en 2008 mais aussi depuis la décennie 1970, et offre ainsi un panorama de près d’un demi-siècle des dynamiques des pratiques culturelles de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus. Pour chaque activité, le taux de pénétration est analysé par générations afin de saisir les évolutions de long terme et les effets d’époque, puis étudié selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des individus. En cinquante ans, la culture a pris une place croissante dans le quotidien des Français, en particulier l’écoute de musique et les pratiques audiovisuelles, et en une décennie, les pratiques culturelles numériques se sont considérablement développées. Plus d’un tiers écoutent de la musique en ligne, 44 % jouent à des jeux vidéo et les trois quarts des jeunes (15-24 ans) regardent des vidéos en ligne. Les pratiques de sortie dans les équipements culturels se sont développées, sous l’effet d’une plus forte fréquentation des plus de 40 ans. L’analyse par générations montre tout à la fois la singularité des jeunes générations au sein desquelles les pratiques numériques sont devenues majoritaires au détriment des médias historiques, mais aussi celle de la génération des baby-boomers , qui, à tous les âges, ont toujours déclaré un engagement fort dans les activités culturelles, que ce soit en matière de lecture, de visites muséales et patrimoniales et de sorties au cinéma ou au spectacle. Leur avancée en âge pose toutefois la question du renouvellement des publics pour certaines de ces activités.
Régulation et développement sectoriel en perspective historique : le cas du Brésil
Authors: Delorme Prado Luiz Carlos , de Moraes Vodopives Hildete
Published: August 2020

L’État brésilien a été particulièrement actif dans les secteurs qui ont le plus besoin de capitaux. Puis le Brésil a eu à faire face au rôle croissant des marchés de capitaux et à la mondialisation. Il y a répondu en développant des agences de régulation sectorielles pour promouvoir la concurrence, la croissance, la transparence et l’efficacité. Trois secteurs représentatifs sont étudiés : l’énergie, les industries de base, les activités de communication. Le Brésil recherche aujourd’hui à éviter la corruption et à prendre en charge les exigences environnementales.
La crise de la filière du livre au Brésil (2006-2018)
Authors: Sá Earp Fabio
Published: August 2020

Au Brésil, les ventes de livres ont suivi la croissance de l’économie globale sur le long terme. Néanmoins, entre 2006 et 2013, elles ont stagné, avant de connaître une forte contraction, explicable notamment par l’apparition de produits de substitution (fichiers P2P et télévision à péage). La chaîne de production du livre connaît la plus grave crise de son histoire, la montée d’Internet coïncidant avec la dégradation de la situation politique et économique du pays. La situation ne semble pas devoir s’améliorer, les éditeurs s’opposant aux rabais sur les ventes au public de nouveaux livres.
Décentralisation et taille optimale des collectivités locales : pourquoi, comment coopérer et avec quels effets ?
Authors: Paty Sonia , Ubeda Morgan
Published: August 2020

Devant l’accélération des réformes territoriales observées dans plusieurs pays décentralisés, cet article propose une analyse des phénomènes de regroupement – fusion ou coopération – observés au niveau des collectivités locales. Après avoir dressé un rapide panorama des diverses formes institutionnelles de consolidation budgétaire avec un éclairage particulier sur le cas français, nous présentons les fondements théoriques de ces mouvements de réorganisation territoriale ainsi que les facteurs qui contribuent à la formation de ces nouvelles entités locales. Nous synthétisons ensuite la littérature empirique sur les effets des fusions ou des coopérations entre collectivités locales sur les variables économiques telles que la croissance, les dépenses publiques et la fiscalité dans différents pays. Nous présentons enfin une analyse originale des effets de l’intercommunalité sur les revenus et la localisation des ménages en France.
Électrification en Afrique subsaharienne : les effets sur la scolarisation des enfants et l’emploi des femmes
Authors: Tenezakis Émile , Tritah Ahmed
Published: August 2020

L’électrification des zones rurales est un enjeu fondamental pour le développement de l’Afrique. Nous étudions les effets de l’accès à l’électricité sur l’usage du temps, l’emploi et l’éducation des enfants et des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne. Après une présentation macroéconomique des enjeux de l’électrification de l’Afrique, nous mobilisons des données microéconomiques collectées au Rwanda pour quantifier l’impact de l’électrification des zones rurales sur l’emploi et l’éducation. Notre analyse considère à la fois les effets mesurés sur les ménages et sur les villages. Nos résultats indiquent que les ménages connectés à l’électricité allouent moins de temps aux tâches ménagères que les ménages non connectés : trois heures en moyenne en moins par semaine. En particulier, il apparaît que dans les ménages connectés, les femmes participent davantage au marché du travail et lorsqu’elles y participent, elles travaillent davantage d’heures (+ dix-sept heures par semaine). Concernant l’éducation des enfants, la connexion à l’électricité semble réduire le taux de redoublement. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats confortent l’hypothèse que l’accès à l’électricité constitue, pour cette population, un choc de productivité positif pour la production domestique des ménages. Ces gains de productivité relâchent l’arbitrage habituel entre travailler et étudier pour les enfants, et entre emploi rémunéré et production domestique pour les femmes, facilitant ainsi leur émancipation économique.
A combined variance and process perspective on IT culture and IT usage leading to the concept of IT acculturation
Authors: Walsh Isabelle
Published: August 2020

Nous adoptons une approche enracinée dans les données, avec un design de recherche mixte, pour étudier les relations entre la culture numérique des utilisateurs et les différentes facettes de leur usage des TI – usage effectif et usage prévisible – ainsi que l’émergence et le développement de leurs besoins numériques dans la vie de tous les jours. Nous utilisons les données quantitatives transversales, relatives à un moment précis, de 666 participants, que nous analysons dans une perspective variance. Nous utilisons également les données qualitatives longitudinales de 6 études de cas individuelles, que nous analysons dans une perspective process. En combinant ces deux perspectives, nous mettons en lumière et expliquons des boucles causales entre construits et un process que nous nommons « acculturation numérique ». Nos contributions sont théoriques et méthodologiques. Nos résultats enrichissent la compréhension de l’usage des TI et comment son évolution peut être soutenue par le monitoring et le développement de l’acculturation numérique des utilisateurs.
Developing competencies in IT project estimation: A simulation-based training using LEGO ®
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Petit Marie-Claude , Goyette Sylvain
Published: August 2020

Des estimations précises des fonctionnalités et du calendrier de projet en technologie de l’information (TI) sont essentielles. Par contre, l’établissement d’estimations précises est ardu puisqu’il arrive que les estimateurs manquent de données historiques, d’expérience, de méthodologies, de connaissances ou de compétences pour estimer. Dans un tel contexte, les étudiants inscrits aux cours en TI et en gestion de projets doivent être sensibilisés aux défis, aux difficultés et aux éléments clés de l’estimation, c’est-à-dire avoir une information riche et de qualité ainsi que de l’expertise et l’expérience appropriées. Afin de soutenir l’acquisition de compétences en estimation, nous avons combiné les avantages de la formation par simulation avec ceux des briques LEGO ® pour développer et tester une simulation en estimation de projets. Nous expliquons pourquoi les briques LEGO ® ont été utilisées et présentons une description des modalités de la simulation. Les observations et les données recueillies lors de quatre trimestres, auprès de 123 étudiants inscrits au cours « Gestion de projet TI » dans une université nord-américaine, sont présentées. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants ont vécu une expérience d’apprentissage positive et enrichissante. En termes de validité pédagogique, la simulation fournit une représentation réaliste du monde des affaires dans lequel les étudiants peuvent développer leurs compétences en estimation en apprenant par la pratique.
Trade Unions, Migrant Workers, and Racial Discrimination in Italy in Times of Economic Crisis
Authors: Della Puppa Francesco
Published: August 2020

Trade unions have a crucial role in the social integration processes of migrants. Nevertheless, some aspects of this relationship are still relatively unexplored, particularly that of the relationship between trade unions and racism and that of the trade unions’ fight against racial discrimination. This paper aims to investigate the still partially unexplored link between Italian trade unions and racial discrimination within the framework of the 2008 economic crisis. Through the narratives of stakeholders, trade unions, and migrant workers, the author provides an in-depth look at the efforts of Italian trade unions to fight discrimination and examines the main barriers that prevent migrants from being involved in unions.
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature
Authors: Zurbuchen Mary S.
Published: August 2020

The oldest and most extensive written language of Southeast Asia is Old Javanese, or Kawi. It is the oldest language in terms of written records, and the most extensive in the number and variety of its texts. Javanese literature has taken many forms. At various times, prose stories, sung poetry or other metrical types, chronicles, scientific, legal, and philosophical treatises, prayers, chants, songs, and folklore were all written down. Yet relatively few texts are available in English. The unstudied texts remaining are an unexplored record of Javanese culture as well as a language still alive as a literary medium in Bali. Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature represents a first step toward remedying the dearth of Old Javanese texts available to English-speaking students. The ideal teaching companion, this anthology offers transliterated original texts with facing-page English translations. Theanthology focuses on prose selections, since their straightforward style and syntax offer the beginning student the most rewarding experience. Four sections make up the collection. Part I offers several short readings as the most accessible entry point into Old Javanese. Part II contains two moralistic fables from an Old Javanese retelling of the Hindu Pañcatantra cycle. Part III takes up the epic, providing excerpts from one of the books of the Old Javanese retelling of the Mahābhārata. Part IV offers excerpts from two chronicles, the generic conventions of which challenge received notions of history writing because of their supernaturalism and folkloric elements. Includes introduction, glossary, and notes.
Karawitan
Authors: Becker Judith , Feinstein Alan H.
Published: August 2020

The twentieth century has spawned a great interest in Indonesian music, and now books, articles, and manuscripts can be found that expound exclusively about karawitan (the combined vocal and instrumental music of the gamelan). Scholar Judith Becker has culled several key sources on karawitan into three volumes and has translated them for the benefit of the Western student of the gamelan tradition. The texts in her collection were written over a forty-five-year time period (ca 1930–1975) and include articles by Martopangrawit, Sumarsam, Sastrapustaka, Gitosaprodjo, Sindoesawarno, Poerbapangrawit, Probohardjono, Warsadiningrat, Purbodiningrat, Poerbatjaraka, and Paku Buwana X. The final volume also contains a glossary of technical terms, an appendix of the Javanese cipher notations (titilaras kepatihan), a biographical listing, and an index to the musical pieces (Gendhing).
Software-Based Media Art
Authors: Soares Celia , Simão Emília
Published: August 2020

This chapter illustrates the reaction to the preservation and conservation of software-based media art and summarizes the crucial ideas and questions that involve this emergent area of conservation. The chapter analyzes the role in which conservators explore the impact of the method, attitudes to change, technology obsolescence, and the influence of the how the artist imagines and understands their practice on the conservation of these works as they enter the exhibition space. In addressing the conservation of software-based media art, this chapter highlights the variety of knowledge and expertise required: expertise that is personified in the teamwork of those who support these functions. The author completes the chapter by recommending that developing and maintaining these efforts has become a crucial part of the software-based media conservator's role.
Mobile Applications in Cultural Heritage Context
Authors: Silva Manuel , Morais Diogo , Mazeda Miguel , Teixeira Luis
Published: August 2020

As mobile technology sustains exponential growth and spread to all aspects of our everyday life and smartphone computational power increases, new promises arise for cultural institutions and citizens to use these tools for promoting cultural heritage. This survey proposes to review available smartphone applications (apps) relating to cultural heritage in three different contexts: cities, street art, and museums. Apps were identified by searching two app stores: Apple's App Store and Google Play (Android). A data search was undertaken using keywords and phrases relating to cities, street art, and museums. A total of 101 apps were identified (Google Play only= 7, Apple App Store only = 26, both Google Play and Apple App Store = 61, Apple Web Store and Web App = 6). Apps were categorized into the following categories: museums (39), street art (30), and cities (32). The most popular features are photos (96%) and maps (79%), and the most uncommon the 360 (4% – only in museums apps), games (6%), and video (15%).