bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prytanoides gen. nov., a new myodochine genus to include a new species from Argentina, and new records for Prytanes Distant, 1893 species (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae)
Authors: Dellapé Pablo M. , Melo María Cecilia
Published: August 2024

A new genus, Prytanoides gen. nov., is described to accommodate the new species Prytanoides prorrectus gen. et sp. nov. from Argentina. Its relationship with the presumably closely related Prytanes Distant,1893 is discussed. The distributional range of four Prytanes species is also extended: Prytanes formosus (Distant, 1882) and Prytanes foedus (Stål, 1860) are recorded for many provinces in Argentina; Prytanes oblongus (Stål, 1862) is recorded from Ecuador for the first time; and Prytanes tumens (Stål, 1874) from Mexico. For each species, we provide a colour habitus of the adult, together with photographs of the male genitalia of the new genus and species.
Remotely administered non‐deceptive placebos reduce COVID‐related stress, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Guevarra Darwin A. , Webster Christopher T. , Moros Jade N. , Kross Ethan , Moser Jason S.
Published: August 2024

Research suggests that placebos administered without deception (i.e. non‐deceptive placebos) may provide an effective and low‐effort intervention to manage stress and improve mental health. However, whether non‐deceptive placebos administered remotely online can manage distress for people at risk for developing high levels of affective symptoms remains unclear. Volunteers experiencing prolonged stress from the COVID‐19 pandemic were recruited into a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a non‐deceptive placebo intervention administered remotely online on affective outcomes. COVID‐related stress, overall stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed at baseline, midpoint, and endpoint. Compared with the control group, participants in the non‐deceptive placebo group reported significant reductions from baseline in all primary affective outcomes after 2 weeks. Additionally, participants in the non‐deceptive placebo group found the intervention feasible, acceptable, and appropriate for the context. Non‐deceptive placebos, even when administered remotely online, offer an alternative and effective way to help people manage prolonged stress. Future large‐scale studies are needed to determine if non‐deceptive placebos can be effective across different prolonged stress situations and for clinical populations.
The interplay of learning, analytics and artificial intelligence in education: A vision for hybrid intelligence
Authors: Cukurova Mutlu
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a multidimensional view of AI's role in education, emphasising the intricate interplay among AI, analytics and human learning processes. Here, I challenge the prevalent narrow conceptualisation of AI as tools in Education, exemplified in generative AI tools, and argue for the importance of alternative conceptualisations of AI for achieving human–AI hybrid intelligence. I highlight the differences between human intelligence and artificial information processing, the importance of hybrid human–AI systems to extend human cognition and posit that AI can also serve as an instrument for understanding human learning. Early learning sciences and AI in Education Research (AIED), which saw AI as an analogy for human intelligence, have diverged from this perspective, prompting a need to rekindle this connection. The paper presents three unique conceptualisations of AI: the externalisation of human cognition, the internalisation of AI models to influence human mental models and the extension of human cognition via tightly coupled human–AI hybrid intelligence systems. Examples from current research and practice are examined as instances of the three conceptualisations in education, highlighting the potential value and limitations of each conceptualisation for human competence development, as well as the perils of overemphasis on approaches that replace human learning opportunities with AI tools. The paper concludes with advocacy for a broader approach to AIED that goes beyond considerations on the design and development of AI and includes educating people about AI and innovating educational systems to remain relevant in an AI ubiquitous world.
Genome‐wide study identifies novel genes associated with bone toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Nambiar Ram , Schultz Emily , Gao Xinyu , Liang Shuyi , Flamand Yael , Stevenson Kristen , Cole Peter D. , Gennarini Lisa , Harris Marian H. , Kahn Justine M. , Ladas Elena J. , Athale Uma H. , Hoa Tran Thai , Michon Bruno , Welch Jennifer J. G. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Kelly Kara M. , Yao Song
Published: August 2024

Bone toxicities are common among paediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with potentially major negative impact on patients' quality of life. To identify the underlying genetic contributors, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and a transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) in 260 patients of European‐descent from the DFCI 05–001 ALL trial, with validation in 101 patients of European‐descent from the DFCI 11–001 ALL trial. We identified a significant association between rs844882 on chromosome 20 and bone toxicities in the DFCI 05–001 trial (p = 1.7 × 10−8). In DFCI 11–001 trial, we observed a consistent trend of this variant with fracture. The variant was an eQTL for two nearby genes, CD93 and THBD. In TWAS, genetically predicted ACAD9 expression was associated with an increased risk of bone toxicities, which was confirmed by meta‐analysis of the two cohorts (meta‐p = 2.4 × 10−6). In addition, a polygenic risk score of heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound was associated with fracture risk in both cohorts (meta‐p = 2.3 × 10−3). Our findings highlight the genetic influence on treatment‐related bone toxicities in this patient population. The genes we identified in our study provide new biological insights into the development of bone adverse events related to ALL treatment.
Trajectories of social class and adult self‐perceived oral health
Authors: Aljubair Reem , Delgado‐Angulo Elsa Karina
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To determine the effect of social mobility on self‐perceived oral health (SPOH) by: (i)characterizing patterns of social mobility from birth to adulthood and (ii)assessing their influence on SPOH among British adults.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Data were collected at birth and at 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42 and 46 years of age. Social class (SC) was indicated by parental SC from birth to age 16 and own SC from ages 26 to 42. At age 46, SPOH was measured using a single question. Sex, ethnicity, country and residence area were included as potential confounders. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify trajectories of exposure to non‐manual SC over time, instead of predetermined categories.

Results

LCGA identified four social mobility patterns: stable high, stable low, upwardly mobile and downwardly mobile; the time for the change in SC happening between 16 and 26 years. A total of 9657 participants were included. In the crude model, stable high had lower odds (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59–0.76), while downward mobility and stable low had higher odds (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.61 and OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.40–1.77) of poor SPOH than upward mobility. These results were corroborated in the fully adjusted model; being female and living in rural areas was also associated with lower odds (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.59–0.71 and OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.80–1.00) of poor SPOH.

Conclusion

Social mobility significantly affects SPOH in British adults. Those in non‐manual SC have better SPOH than those in manual SC. When compared to upward mobility, downwardly mobile individuals report bad SPOH more frequently, evidencing that current SC influences oral health in a slightly greater measure than early years SC.
Scaling up ocean conservation through recognition of key biodiversity areas in the Southern Ocean from multispecies tracking data
Authors: Becker Sarah L. , Boyd Charlotte , Handley Jonathan M. , Raymond Ben , Reisinger Ryan , Ropert‐Coudert Yan , Apelgren Nora , Davies Tammy E. , Lea Mary‐Anne , Santos Mercedes , Trathan Philip N. , Van de Putte Anton P. , Huckstadt Luis A. , Charrassin Jean‐Benoit , Brooks Cassandra M.
Published: August 2024

Biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecosystem function but is threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures. In the Southern Ocean, a highly biologically productive region containing many endemic species, proactive management is urgently needed to mitigate increasing pressures from fishing, climate change, and tourism. Site‐based conservation is one important tool for managing the negative impacts of human activities on ecosystems. The Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Standard is a standardized framework used to define sites vital for the persistence of global biodiversity based on criteria and quantitative thresholds. We used tracking data from 14 species of Antarctic and subantarctic seabirds and pinnipeds from the publicly available Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) data set to define KBAs for a diverse suite of marine predators. We used track2kba, an R package that supports identification of KBAs from telemetry data through identification of highly used habitat areas and estimates of local abundance within sites. We compared abundance estimates at each site with thresholds for KBA criteria A1, B1, and D1 (related to globally threatened species, individual geographically restricted species, and demographic aggregations, respectively). We identified 30 potential KBAs for 13 species distributed throughout the Southern Ocean that were vital for each individual species, population, and life‐history stage for which they were determined. These areas were identified as highly used by these populations based on observational data and complement the ongoing habitat modeling and bioregionalization work that has been used to prioritize conservation areas in this region. Although further work is needed to identify potential KBAs based on additional current and future data sets, we highlight the benefits of utilizing KBAs as part of a holistic approach to marine conservation, given their significant value as a global conservation tool.
HDAC3 in action: Expanding roles in inflammation and inflammatory diseases
Authors: He Ruyuan , He Zhuokun , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Bohao , Gao Minglang , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: August 2024

Inflammation serves as the foundation for numerous physiological and pathological processes, driving the onset and progression of various diseases. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), an essential chromatin‐modifying protein within the histone deacetylase superfamily, exerts its transcriptional inhibitory role through enzymatic histone modification to uphold normal physiological function, growth, and development of the body. With both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic activities, HDAC3 plays a pivotal role in regulating diverse transcription factors associated with inflammatory responses and related diseases. This review examines the involvement of HDAC3 in inflammatory responses while exploring its therapeutic potential as a target for treating inflammatory diseases, thereby offering valuable insights for clinical applications.
Knowledge Aided by Observation†
Authors: Haddock Adrian
Published: August 2024

Anscombe seems to think that, even though “the knowledge that a man has of his intentional actions” is not “knowledge by observation”, it can be aided by observation. My aim in this essay is to explain how I think we should understand this thought. I suggest that, in a central class of cases, knowledge of one's intentional action is knowledge whose canonical linguistic expression is an utterance of the form “I am doing something to that G": knowledge in which the subject, at once, knows himself “as self" (and so, not by observation), and knows an outer object “as other” (and so, by observation). To characterise this knowledge either as knowledge by observation, or as knowledge not by observation, is to characterise it in a manner that abstracts away from its fundamental unity.
Functional neurological disorder in Europe: regional differences in education and health policy
Authors: Serranová Tereza , Di Vico Ilaria , Tinazzi Michele , Aybek Selma , Bilic Ervina , Binzer Stefanie , Bøen Erlend , Bruggeman Arnout , Bratanov Christo , Cabreira Veronica Raquel Alheia , Golder Dawn , Dunalska Anna , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Garcin Beatrice , Gelauff Jeannette , Laffan Aoife , Podnar Simon , Pareés Isabel , Plender Tom , Popkirov Stoyan , Romanenko Volodymyr , Schwingenschuh Petra , Seliverstov Yury , Sjöström Carl , Škorvánek Matej , Stamelou Maria , Zailskas Donatas , Edwards Mark J. , Stone Jon
Published: August 2024

Background

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of neurological disability. Despite recent advances in pathophysiological understanding and treatments, application of this knowledge to clinical practice is variable and limited.

Objective

Our aim was to provide an expert overview of the state of affairs of FND practice across Europe, focusing on education and training, access to specialized care, reimbursement and disability policies, and academic and patient‐led representation of people with FND.

Methods

We conducted a survey across Europe, featuring one expert per country. We asked experts to compare training and services for people with FND to those provided to people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Results

Responses from 25 countries revealed that only five included FND as a mandatory part of neurological training, while teaching about MS was uniformly included. FND was part of final neurology examinations in 3/17 countries, unlike MS that was included in all 17. Seventeen countries reported neurologists with an interest in FND but the estimated mean ratio of FND‐interested neurologists to MS neurologists was 1:20. FND coding varied, with psychiatric coding for FND impacting treatment access and disability benefits in the majority of countries. Twenty countries reported services refusing to see FND patients. Eight countries reported an FND special interest group or network; 11 reported patient‐led organizations.

Conclusions

FND is largely a marginal topic within European neurology training and there is limited access to specialized care and disability benefits for people with FND across Europe. We discuss how this issue can be addressed at an academic, healthcare and patient organization level.
Peri‐anaesthetic complications in 1798 equids undergoing high‐field elective orthopaedic MRI at a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Manning Heath , Sampson Sarah
Published: August 2024

Background

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for elective orthopaedic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in equids is a topic of debate among practitioners and can have negative detrimental effects on patients if used unnecessarily.

Objectives

To describe the complications with elective orthopaedic MRI of horses, mules, and donkeys under general anaesthesia without the use of peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobial prophylaxis at a single large tertiary referral centre. We hypothesised that horses, mules, and donkeys undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic MRI, without antimicrobial prophylaxis, will not be at increased risk of complications, including increased risk of infectious respiratory disease.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This retrospective study of 1798 systemically healthy equids that underwent elective orthopaedic MRI under general anaesthesia without peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobial prophylaxis between January 2009 and May 2020.

Results

A total of 1655 MRIs were included in the study, with 25 (1.5%) horses having complications. The most common complication was post‐anaesthetic fever in 11 (0.7%) horses, of which 4 (0.2%) horses went on to develop pneumonia and one horse was diagnosed with equine herpesvirus (respiratory). Seven (0.4%) horses developed transient post‐anaesthetic femoral neuropathy and 7 (0.4%) horses had mild post‐anaesthetic colic that resolved with initial medical management. No horses were euthanised or died in this study.

Main limitations

The retrospective nature of the study led to non‐randomised case selection, and some records were incomplete.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobial prophylaxis may not be necessary for performance and sport horses undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic MRI.
What does ‘feeling at home’ mean for adults with intellectual disabilities living in group homes in England?
Authors: Chinn Deborah , Levitan Tony , Power Andrew , Brickley Katy , Ali Shalim
Published: August 2024

Background

Shared housing for adults with intellectual disabilities with staff support, is a common housing model internationally. We explored an overlooked aspect of group homes, namely the extent to which they enable a sense of ‘feeling at home’ for residents.

Method

A diverse group of 19 housemates participated in a photovoice study. Participants took photos in their homes and discussed them in individual interviews and in groups. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Residents' experience of home was multi‐dimensional. ‘Feeling at home’ related to home as a site of identity cultivation (personal home); physical comfort or ‘misfitting’ (physical home) and home as the locus of key relationships (social home).

Conclusion

Achieving a sense of ‘feeling at home’ requires engagement in practices of home‐making. Many of our participants required support from staff to engage in these practices. For some housemates their experience of home was conditional and precarious.
Preliminary feasibility study of a cognitive stimulation therapy programme for older adults with an intellectual disability
Authors: MacHale Rosemary , NíNeill Emma , Wyer Cathy , Corley Emma , McGuire Brian E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the increased risk for people with an intellectual disability developing dementia, post‐diagnostic psychosocial supports such as cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) are not routinely offered and there is limited research examining this intervention with people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of CST for older adults with intellectual disability to support active ageing.

Methods

Five client participants attended a 14‐session CST group and four staff attended a focus group. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to investigate the client and staff narratives.

Results

Three key themes were generated: (1) Brain Health, (2) Connecting with others, and (3) Barriers and Enablers.

Conclusion

Findings indicated the suitability of CST as a way of supporting active ageing for older adults with intellectual disability. This study adds to the growing knowledge about service provision for older adults and their changing needs as they age and identifies clinical implications such as staff training to support intervention adherence.
Triple digital guides for implant‐supported restorations with alveoloplasty procedure in the esthetic zone
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Tang Chenxi , Yu Zhongyu , Peng Lin
Published: August 2024

Objective

The principal aim of this report is to address the challenge of integrating prosthetic crowns with natural dentition in the esthetic zone. It highlights the utilization of a prosthetically driven treatment plan, designed to ensure predictable esthetic outcomes.

Clinical Considerations

This report details a technique that utilizes three digital guides, all derived from a 3‐dimensional digital smile design. The integration of a restoration guide, an implant drilling guide, and an alveoloplasty guide is described. These tools collectively facilitate the precise execution of both surgical and prosthetic procedures, enhancing treatment accuracy and esthetic integration.

Conclusions

This technique considers the esthetic prosthetic crowns, implant positions, and alveoloplasty collectively. It enhances the predictability of esthetic outcomes in oral implantology and potentially provides an integrated prosthetically driven workflow in cosmetic dental treatments.

Clinical Significance

The application of multiple digital guides derived from the same prosthetically driven treatment significantly enhances the predictability of esthetic outcomes in oral implantology.
Associations between hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, balance, and survival in older primary care patients
Authors: Mold James W. , Lawler Frank H. , Liao Xiaolan , Bard David E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Both age‐associated hearing loss (AAHL) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) are common in older patients, and both are associated with impaired balance, falls, and premature mortality. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence and severity of AAHL in older primary care patients, and to explore associations between AAHL, PN, balance, falls, and mortality.

Methods

We analyzed information obtained in 1999 from 793 primary care patients recruited from practices participating in the Oklahoma Longitudinal Assessment of the Health Outcomes of Mature Adults (OKLAHOMA) Studies. Available data included demographic and health information, history of falls and hospitalizations, audiometry, balance testing, examination of the peripheral nerves, 50 foot timed gait, and dates of death up to 22 calendar years and 8106 person‐years of follow‐up. Proportionate hazards (PH) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine associations between AAHL, PN, balance, gait time, and mortality.

Results

501 of the 793 participants (63%) had AAHL. Another 156 (20%) had low frequency and 32 (4%) had unilateral deficits. Those with moderate or severe AAHL and the 255 (32%) with PN had impaired balance (p < 0.0001), increased gait time (p = 0.0001), and reduced survival time (p < 0.0001). In the PH model, both AAHL and PN were associated with earlier mortality (H.Rs. [95% C.I.]: 1.36 [1.13–1.64] and 1.32 [1.10–1.59] respectively). The combination of moderate or severe AAHL and PN, present in 24% of participants, predicted earlier mortality than predicted by either deficit alone (O.R. [95% C.I.I] 1.55 [1.25–1.92]). In the SEM models, the impacts of both moderate or severe AAHL and PN on survival were mediated, in part, through loss of balance.

Conclusions

Hearing loss and PN, both common in older patients, appear to be independently and additively associated with premature mortality. Those associations may be mediated in part by impaired balance. The Mechanisms are likely multiple and complex.
Intergenerational associations of maternal depression with daughters' family formation
Authors: Banchoff Emma M. , Axinn William G. , Ghimire Dirgha J. , Scott Kate M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

This work investigates the potential associations between maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) and daughters' family formation behaviors, specifically the timing of marriage and first birth.

Background

Family and life course research has established the importance of intergenerational ties and linked lives for children's health, education, social life, and transition to adulthood more broadly. However, mothers' MDD has remained a relatively understudied factor shaping young people's family formation behaviors.

Method

The analyses used a sample of 1127 linked mother–father–daughter triads from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) in Nepal. Discrete‐time event‐history models at the month level were run to assess whether daughters' differential exposure to maternal MDD was prospectively associated with entry into marital unions and parenthood.

Results

Although there was no relationship between maternal lifetime MDD and daughters' family formation, results showed that being first exposed to maternal MDD during childhood, specifically between the ages of 0 and 10, increased the monthly odds of transitioning to parenthood by more than 80%. Additional findings showed that an increased pace of getting married was a primary determinant of accelerated childbearing.

Conclusion

Daughters' exposure to mothers' depression was associated with daughters' family formation transitions. The timing of exposure, however, was a particularly important driver of that association. We argue that the study of parents' mental ill‐health provides untapped opportunity for future intergenerational research.
Computed tomographic re‐evaluation of skeletally immature French bulldogs previously diagnosed with humeral intracondylar fissure: 12 cases (2018‐2022)
Authors: Hutchings V. C. , Rutherford S.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to present the follow‐up findings obtained through computed tomography in skeletally immature French bulldogs previously diagnosed with humeral intracondylar fissures.

Materials and Methods

Medical records from a surgical referral centre between January 2018 and September 2022 were evaluated for all dogs with a humeral condylar fracture where preoperative CT of both humeri was performed. French bulldogs between the age of 12 weeks and 12 months were identified and evaluated for the presence of contralateral humeral intracondylar fissure. The dogs with follow‐up CT were evaluated for humeral intracondylar fissure resolution.

Results

A total of 137 humeral condylar fractures were operated on within the study period, 58 of which were in French bulldogs. Twenty‐seven French bulldogs had a contralateral humeral intracondylar fissure with 12 dogs matching the inclusion criteria. Follow‐up CT demonstrated resolution of the humeral intracondylar fissure in 11 (91.7%) of 12 cases.

Clinical Significance

Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures are common in skeletally immature French bulldogs sustaining humeral condylar fractures and the majority of these fissures tend to fuse within the follow‐up period. Due to the potential for breed variation in ossification of the humeral condyle, follow‐up CT may be warranted in skeletally immature French bulldogs before considering prophylactic transcondylar screw placement.
Plasma concentration of thrombopoietin in dogs with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Brooks Marjory B. , Brooks James C. , Catalfamo Jim , Zhu Yao , Goggs Robert , Babasyan Susanna , Wagner Bettina , LeVine Dana N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common cause of severe thrombocytopenia in dogs. The pathogenesis of nonassociative, primary ITP (pITP) appears complex, with ill‐defined thrombopoietic response.

Objectives

Develop an immunoassay to measure plasma canine thrombopoietin (TPO) concentration and characterize TPO concentrations in dogs with pITP.

Animals

Forty‐one healthy dogs, 8 dogs in an induced ITP model (3 control, 5 ITP), and 58 pITP dogs.

Methods

Recombinant canine TPO (rcTPO) was purchased and its identity confirmed by mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibodies were raised to rcTPO and used to configure a sandwich ELISA using streptavidin‐biotin detection. Assay performance, coefficients of variability, and healthy dog plasma TPO reference interval (RI) were determined, followed by assay of ITP samples.

Results

Assay dynamic range was 15 pg/mL (lower limit of detection) to 1000 pg/mL TPO, with limit of quantitation of 62 pg/mL. Plasma TPO RI was 0 to 158 pg/mL, with plasma TPO <62 pg/mL for 35/41 healthy dogs. All dogs with induced ITP developed marked increases in plasma TPO concentration. Peak values ranged from 515 to >6000 pg/mL. In contrast, only 2/58 pITP dogs had TPO values above RI.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Plasma TPO concentration is paradoxically low at diagnosis for most dogs with pITP. This finding suggests that ineffective thrombopoiesis contributes to thrombocytopenia in pITP dogs and supports evaluating TPO receptor agonist treatment as used for pITP in humans. The TPO assay provides a new tool to study thrombopoiesis in pITP and other thrombocytopenic syndromes in dogs.
Elderly patients with dysphagia in the intensive care unit: Association between malnutrition and delirium
Authors: Liang Xin , Li Xinya , Cheng Hongtao , Wei Fangxin , Li Tanjian , Li Yaqing , Huang YuTing , Lyu Jun , Wang Yu
Published: August 2024

Background

Dysphagia, as a geriatric syndrome, is prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU). Malnutrition resulting from swallowing disorders is likely to correlate with adverse ICU outcomes, including delirium, thereby escalating the costs of care and hospitalization. However, malnutrition has not received the attention it deserves in ICU clinical nursing practice. As two preventable and correctable conditions—malnutrition and delirium—the advantages of early identification and intervention are substantial. Exploring the relationship between malnutrition and delirium, starting from the high‐risk group of elderly patients with swallowing difficulties in the ICU, will aid us in managing patients promptly and effectively.

Aim

To investigate the relationship between malnutrition and the incidence of delirium in elderly patients with dysphagia in the ICU.

Study Design

This is a retrospective study. Data for this study were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV. All 2273 patients included were dysphagia older patients over 65 years of age admitted to the ICU, and logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between malnutrition and delirium. We also used propensity score matching (PSM) for sensitivity analysis.

Results

Among the included patients with swallowing difficulties, 13% individuals (297/2273) exhibited malnutrition, with a delirium incidence rate of 55.9% (166/297). In the non‐malnutrition group (1976/2273), the delirium incidence rate is 35.6% (704/1976). After adjusting for 31 covariates, multifactorial logistic regression showed that malnutrition was significantly positively associated with the incidence of delirium in elderly dysphagic patients in the ICU (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47–2.62). The results remained stable after analysis by PSM.

Conclusion

Malnutrition was significantly positively associated with the incidence of delirium in elderly dysphagic patients in the ICU. Malnutrition should be given adequate attention in the ICU.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

ICU nurses should pay particular attention to malnutrition, especially among the high‐prevalence group of patients with dysphagia. Early identification and nutritional intervention for these patients may help reduce the costs of care and health care expenditures.
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E regulates flowering and circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jin Huanhuan , Chen Yadi , Jiang Yonghong , Gu Lianfeng , Lin Guifang , Lin Chentao , Wang Qin
Published: August 2024

Translation initiation is a critical, rate‐limiting step in protein synthesis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays an essential role in this process. However, the mechanisms by which eIF4E‐dependent translation initiation regulates plant growth and development remain not fully understood. In this study, we found that Arabidopsis eIF4E proteins are distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, with only the cytoplasmic eIF4E being involved in the control of photoperiodic flowering. Genome‐wide translation profiling using Ribo‐tag sequencing reveals that eIF4E may regulate plant flowering by maintaining the homeostatic translation of components in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. eIF4E not only regulates the translation of flowering genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) but also influences the translation of circadian genes like CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and PSEUDO‐RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9). Consistently, our results show that the eIF4E modulates the rhythmic oscillation of the circadian clock. Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into how the protein translation regulates multiple developmental processes in Arabidopsis, including the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering.
Special cubic zeros and the dual variety
Authors: Wang Victor Y.
Published: August 2024

Let be a diagonal cubic form over in six variables. From the dual variety in the delta method of Duke–Friedlander–Iwaniec and Heath‐Brown, we unconditionally extract a weighted count of certain special integral zeros of in regions of diameter . Heath‐Brown did the same in four variables, but our analysis differs and captures some novel features. We also put forth an axiomatic framework for more general .
Phase and group speeds of airborne surface waves over porous layers and periodically rough hard surfaces
Authors: Attenborough Keith , Taherzadeh Shahram
Published: August 2024

Sound fields above porous layers or rough acoustically hard boundaries may include airborne surface waves. The surface wave properties depend on the effective surface admittance. Analytical expressions for surface wave speeds are derived from models for the acoustical properties of rigid porous media. Surface wave effects on measurements of level difference spectra over porous asphalt are investigated and predictions of phase, group speeds, and vertical attenuation of the surface waves over externally reacting hard backed layers corresponding to a porous asphalt are compared. Predictions of surface wave characteristics above an identical vertical slit medium are compared with data obtained over arrays of parallel aluminum strips on an acoustically hard surface. Group speeds of surface waves over lattices, parallel regularly spaced strips, and snow obtained by numerical differentiation of the phase speed spectra corresponding to admittance spectra deduced from complex excess attenuation are found to compare well with those estimated from time domain data. An effective admittance, deduced from a boundary element method simulation of the excess attenuation spectrum over regularly spaced ribs so that the frequency of the peak corresponds with that in the measured spectrum, is used to estimate the group speed of the associated surface wave.
Predictive grid coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Ouchi Ayako , Fujisawa Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2024

The entorhinal cortex represents allocentric spatial geometry and egocentric speed and heading information required for spatial navigation. However, it remains unclear whether it contributes to the prediction of an animal’s future location. We discovered grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that have grid fields representing future locations during goal-directed behavior. These predictive grid cells represented prospective spatial information by shifting their grid fields against the direction of travel. Predictive grid cells discharged at the trough phases of the hippocampal CA1 theta oscillation and, together with other types of grid cells, organized sequences of the trajectory from the current to future positions across each theta cycle. Our results suggest that the MEC provides a predictive map that supports forward planning in spatial navigation.
A solid noncovalent organic double-helix framework catalyzes asymmetric [6 + 4] cycloaddition
Authors: Zheng Tianyu , Nöthling Nils , Wang Zikuan , Mitschke Benjamin , Leutzsch Markus , List Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Whereas [4 + 2] cycloadditions are among the most powerful tools in the chemist’s synthetic arsenal, controlling reactivity and selectivity of [6 + 4] cycloadditions has proven to be extremely challenging. Such transformations, especially if compatible with simple hydrocarbon-based substrates, could ultimately provide a general approach to highly valuable and otherwise difficult to access 10-membered rings. We report here that highly acidic and confined imidodiphosphorimidate catalysts do not catalyze this reaction under homogeneous conditions. Notably, however, they can spontaneously precipitate an insoluble and double helix–shaped noncovalent organic framework, which acts as a distinctively reactive and stereoselective catalyst of [6 + 4] cycloadditions of simple dienes with tropone.
Children and young people’s preferences and needs when using health technology to self-manage a long-term condition: a scoping review
Authors: Court Rosemary Jane , Swallow Veronica , El-Yousfi Sarab , Gray-Burrows Kara , Sotir Fiona , Wheeler Gemma , Kellar Ian , Lee Jia Mang , Mitchell Robyn , Mlynarczyk Wiktoria , Ramavath Arnav , Dimitri Paul , Phillips Bob , Prodgers Lucy , Pownall Madeleine , Kowalczyk Marcin , Branchflower Jacob , Powell Lauren , Bhanbhro Sadiq , Weighall Anna , Martin-Kerry Jacqueline
Published: August 2024

Background

The use of patient-facing health technologies to manage long-term conditions (LTCs) is increasing; however, children and young people (CYP) may have preferences about health technologies which they interact or engage with, that influence their decision to use these technologies.

Aims

To identify CYP’s reported preferences about health technologies to self-manage LTCs.

Methods

We undertook a scoping review, searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in July 2021. Searches were limited to papers published between January 2015 and July 2021. We included any health technologies used to manage physical and mental LTCs. Qualitative content analysis of study data was undertaken to categorise data into themes and quantitative data were described and visually represented. We engaged CYP with LTCs to support the review design, interpretation of findings and development of recommendations.

Results

161 journal articles were included, describing preferences of CYP. Most included studies were undertaken in high-income countries. CYP’s main preferences and needs were: design and functionality; privacy and sharing; customisation and personalisation of the technology; and interaction options within the technology.

Conclusions

This review highlights important preferences and needs that CYP may have before using technologies to self-manage their LTC. These should be considered when developing technology for this population. Future research should involve CYP throughout the development of the technologies, from identifying their unmet needs through to final design, development, evaluation and implementation of the intervention.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma, complicated by anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hall Rose , Atmaja Bambang , Sharma Bhupinder , Cunningham David
Published: August 2024

A woman in her 20s with no medical history was diagnosed with bulky stage II classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma after an 8-week history of shortness of breath, cough and lethargy. A regimen of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) was commenced with six cycles planned. During the first cycle, the patient was profoundly hypertensive. She then suffered two self-terminating tonic-clonic seizures.

Examination and investigations diagnosed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which resolved completely in 11 days with strict blood pressure control and withholding chemotherapy. Treatment was further complicated by anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy, requiring a switch in regimen to gemcitabine BVD.

The patient made a full recovery from neurology and cardiology perspectives and completed six cycles of chemotherapy, achieving a complete metabolic response by the tumour. We illustrate the case, describe differential diagnoses and management of PRES, its association with chemotherapy and the successful chemotherapy rechallenge.
Recurrent streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to distinct episodes ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeandStreptococcus agalactiaeseptic arthritis
Authors: Yun Adrienne Elizabeth , Johnson Leonard B
Published: August 2024

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is an uncommon disorder characterised by hypotension and multiorgan failure in the setting of streptococcal infection. Recurrent STSS is rare and has been due to recurrence of the same streptococcal species. Here, we present a case of a patient who developed recurrent STSS from aStreptococcus dysgalactiaeright native joint septic arthritis and subsequently from aStreptococcus agalactiaeleft native joint septic arthritis.
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome presenting as hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chandrappa Santhosh Shettigere , Kumar Pratap , Panda Prasan Kumar , Rao Shalinee
Published: August 2024

Renal tubular acidosis is a well-known consequence of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS), but a rare manifestation similar to acute pancreatitis in pSS. Here, we discuss the case of a woman in her 50s, who presented to a tertiary care hospital with recurrent episodes of sudden-onset weakness in all four limbs, recurrent vomiting and epigastric pain. She had non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with hypokalaemia and was diagnosed with pSS with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. She was also diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on elevated amylase and lipase levels and CT findings. The article highlights the diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations of pSS, including renal and pancreatic involvements, which can be rare consequences of the disease.
Early endovascular retrieval of a migrated Implanon NXT from a branch of the right pulmonary artery
Authors: Borg Michelle , Swaminathan Mathusi , Cheuk Johnson , Michael Joanne , Walker Graeme
Published: August 2024

A woman in her 20s was referred to a tertiary hospital emergency department for management of a migrating Implanon NXT. The Implanon was inserted 1 week prior by the patient’s general practitioner who was unable to palpate the Implanon after insertion and hence, ordered an ultrasound scan which showed an actively migrating Implanon in the left basilic vein. She had mild chest pain, and her physical examination, ECG and blood tests were unremarkable. A CT chest showed a 31 mm foreign body within the right lower lobar artery. The foreign body was removed by interventional radiology by accessing the right internal jugular vein under ultrasound guidance and inserting a 6 FR pig catheter into the pulmonary trunk. The position was confirmed with angiogram and the foreign body was removed using a goose neck snare. The patient was discharged the same day with no complications, and fell pregnant a few months afterwards.
Adverse events and perceived abandonment: learning from patients’ accounts of medical mishaps
Authors: Schlesinger Mark , Dhingra Isha , Fain Barbara A , Prentice Julia C , Parkash Vinita
Published: August 2024

Background

Adverse medical events affect 10% of American households annually, inducing a variety of harms and attitudinal changes. The impact of adverse events on perceived abandonment by patients and their care partners has not been methodically assessed.

Objective

To identify ways in which providers, patients and families responded to medical mishaps, linking these qualitatively and statistically to reported feelings of abandonment and sequelae induced by perceived abandonment.

Methods

Mixed-methods analysis of responses to the Massachusetts Medical Errors Recontact survey with participants reporting a medical error within the past 5 years. The survey consisted of forty closed and open-ended questions examining adverse medical events and their consequences. Respondents were asked whether they felt ‘that the doctors abandoned or betrayed you or your family’. Open-ended responses were analysed with a coding schema by two clinician coders.

Results

Of the 253 respondents, 34.5% initially and 20% persistently experienced abandonment. Perceived abandonment could be traced to interactions before (18%), during (34%) and after (45%) the medical mishap. Comprehensive post-incident communication reduced abandonment for patients staying with the provider associated with the mishap. However, 68.4% of patients perceiving abandonment left their original provider; for them, post-error communication did not increase the probability of resolution. Abandonment accounted for half the post-event loss of trust in clinicians.

Limitations

Survey-based data may under-report the impact of perceived errors on vulnerable populations. Moreover, patients may not be cognizant of all forms of adverse events or all sequelae to those events. Our data were drawn from a single state and time period.

Conclusion

Addressing the deleterious impact of persisting abandonment merits attention in programmes responding to patient safety concerns. Enhancing patient engagement in the aftermath of an adverse medical event has the potential to reinforce therapeutic alliances between patients and their subsequent clinicians.
Optimising antibacterial utilisation in Argentine intensive care units: a quality improvement collaborative
Authors: Jorro-Baron Facundo , Loudet Cecilia Inés , Cornistein Wanda , Suarez-Anzorena Inés , Arias-Lopez Pilar , Balasini Carina , Cabana Laura , Cunto Eleonora , Corral Pablo Rodrigo Jorge , Gibbons Luz , Guglielmino Marina , Izzo Gabriela , Lescano Marianela , Meregalli Claudia , Orlandi Cristina , Perre Fernando , Ratto Maria Elena , Rivet Mariano , Rodriguez Ana Paula , Rodriguez Viviana Monica , Vilca Becerra Jacqueline , Villegas Paula Romina , Vitar Emilse , Roberti Javier , García-Elorrio Ezequiel ,   COST Collaborative Group, Rodriguez Viviana
Published: August 2024

Background

There is limited evidence from antimicrobial stewardship programmes in less-resourced settings. This study aimed to improve the quality of antibacterial prescriptions by mitigating overuse and promoting the use of narrow-spectrum agents in intensive care units (ICUs) in a middle-income country.

Methods

We established a quality improvement collaborative (QIC) model involving nine Argentine ICUs over 11 months with a 16-week baseline period (BP) and a 32-week implementation period (IP). Our intervention package included audits and feedback on antibacterial use, facility-specific treatment guidelines, antibacterial timeouts, pharmacy-based interventions and education. The intervention was delivered in two learning sessions with three action periods along with coaching support and basic quality improvement training.

Results

We included 912 patients, 357 in BP and 555 in IP. The latter had higher APACHE II (17 (95% CI: 12 to 21) vs 15 (95% CI: 11 to 20), p=0.036), SOFA scores (6 (95% CI: 4 to 9) vs 5 (95% CI: 3 to 8), p=0.006), renal failure (41.6% vs 33.1%, p=0.009), sepsis (36.1% vs 31.6%, p<0.001) and septic shock (40.0% vs 33.8%, p<0.001). The days of antibacterial therapy (DOT) were similar between the groups (change in the slope from BP to IP 28.1 (95% CI: −17.4 to 73.5), p=0.2405). There were no differences in the antibacterial defined daily dose (DDD) between the groups (change in the slope from BP to IP 43.9, (95% CI: −12.3 to 100.0), p=0.1413).

The rate of antibacterial de-escalation based on microbiological culture was higher during the IP (62.0% vs 45.3%, p<0.001).

The infection prevention control (IPC) assessment framework was increased in eight ICUs.

Conclusion

Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in ICUs in a middle-income country via a QIC demonstrated success in improving antibacterial de-escalation based on microbiological culture results, but not on DOT or DDD. In addition, eight out of nine ICUs improved their IPC Assessment Framework Score.