bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebelión en San Ignacio de Chiquitos (1790)
Authors: Martínez Cecilia
Published: November 2020

Este artículo describe y explica la rebelión de los indígenas de San Ignacio de Chiquitos que tuvo lugar el 5 de junio de 1790 cuando un grupo de nativos irrumpió en el colegio eclesial y atacó a huéspedes e invitados del cura del pueblo. El saldo fue de cuatro muertos y ocho heridos graves a manos de los indígenas. Además, expulsaron al cura Simón Vera y Gallo, a su sobrino Juan y a los demás españoles que residían en el pueblo. Para analizar este levantamiento, se toman como referencia metodológica y heurística los estudios sobre las rebeliones indígenas de 1780 en los Andes. Al mismo tiempo, se lo inscribe en la coyuntura y en la dinámica sociocultural y política locales intentando poner el foco en el punto de vista de los sublevados.
Umkämpfte Wirtschaften: Kaffeehandel, europäische Einwanderung und die zentralamerikanischen Ökonomien im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Berth Christiane
Published: November 2020

El artículo analiza el impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en aquellas economías centroamericanas, caracterizadas, desde el siglo XIX, por su dependencia de las exportaciones de café y plátano. Dado el importante papel que los migrantes europeos en Centroamérica tenían en la actividad económica, el artículo aborda también los cambios en las redes comerciales fraguadas por estos actores. En este contexto, los años del conflicto armado trajeron distintos conflictos para las economías centroamericanas: Primero, la competencia económica entre los Estados Unidos y los países europeos por el control de la región. Segundo, el intento de la diplomacia de las potencias en guerra por utilizar a los migrantes europeos para sus propios fines políticos, lo que propició tensiones de distinto orden . Tercero, la utilización de la guerra por parte de los gobiernos centroamericanos como moneda de cambio para beneficiar sus propios intereses económicos. Esto a pesar de que sus posibilidades de éxito en ello fueran escasas, dado que no producían materias primas de valor estratégico para la guerra. Aunado a todo esto, el deterioro de los precios del café y de la depreciación de las monedas de los países centroamericanos afectaron la actividad económica de la región en su conjunto. Asimismo, después de que la Gran Bretaña y los Estados Unidos elaboraran listas negras de empresas consideradas como enemigas entre 1915 y 1917, se obligó a estas a definir de qué lado habrían de posicionarse en el contexto beligerante. Al final, los Estados Unidos impusieron la expropiación de empresas alemanas en Guatemala y Honduras. Aunque la mayoría de ellas fueron devueltas a sus antiguos dueños después de la guerra, el fin de esta no atenuó la competencia entre los Estados Unidos y Alemania. Ambos países siguieron disputándosela influencia económica en la región durante los años posteriores.
Der Ort der Karibik und Zentralamerikas in der Welt – schwache Staaten auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenz
Authors: Fischer Thomas
Published: November 2020

Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial la posición de los estado-naciones del espacio Caribe-centroamericano en el mundo cambió significativamente. Desde el punto de vista de ésta region el cambio mas importante era el auge del intervencionismo estadounidense que fue legitimizado por la doctrina de Monroe. Mientras la influencia estadounidense militar, política, económica y cultural aumentaba, la presencia alemana, inglesa y francesa disminuyó. Con el fin de la Guerra las potencias aliadas querían implementar un nuevo órden mundial. El fundamento de este organismo era la Liga de las Naciones cuyo pacto era elaborado durante la Conferencia de Paz en Paris del enero hasta abril de 1919. Los débiles estados del Caribe y de Centroamérica querían aprovechar el Wilsonian Moment para dar vida a sus ideas. En particular, sus delegados se refirían a los principios wilsonianos acerca del derecho de todos los estados del mundo a soberanía y autodeterminación, o sean grandes o bien pequeños, fuertes o débiles. Esta ponencia elabora los imaginarios de los delegados caribeños y centroamericanos, su potencial y sus límites para darles vida en la prática diplomática asi como las diferencias entre las estrategias y posturas de la región.
Las relaciones entre Latinoamérica e Irán durante la última década de la dinastía Pahleví
Authors: Camacho Padilla Fernando
Published: November 2020

Durante la década de los setenta, Irán y varios países de América Latina estrecharon sus relaciones diplomáticas. La mayor parte de las embajadas latinoamericanas abrieron sus puertas en Teherán en estos años, y, asimismo, Irán estableció sus representaciones en Venezuela y México. Los vínculos personales del Shah fueron importantes con los presidentes Carlos Andrés Pérez, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la elaboración de proyectos de cooperación, y Luis Echeverría, fundamentalmente en el diseño de estrategias comerciales dentro del marco de la Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP). En este artículo se presentan y analizan algunos de los episodios más significantes de este periodo, tomando en consideración aspectos como la apertura de embajadas latinoamericanas en Teherán, las relaciones de Irán con Venezuela, Chile y México, el apoyo cubano a los grupos de oposición, el exilio del Sha en Cuernavaca y Panamá y, para terminar, el efecto de la revolución de 1979 en los vínculos iraníes con estos Estados.
Legitimidades inmanentes: parlamento y esfera pública en Nueva Granada y España
Authors: Luengo Jorge
Published: November 2020

Este artículo explora la relación entre parlamentos y esfera pública en el mundo hispánico durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX. La esfera pública se tiende a interpretar como un amplio espacio comunicativo no asociado a ninguna institución. En este contexto historiográfico, el papel que juegan los parlamentos en la construcción de esta esfera pública en la era de las revoluciones necesita más atención. Considerando los cuerpos legislativos de España y Nueva Granada / Colombia entre 1810 y 1831, el principal argumento es que los parlamentos funcionan como un cuerpo que articula la dimensión pública de la política en este periodo. Esta interpretación requiere considerar tanto el espacio parlamentario interior como el exterior. Mientras las galerías, los periodistas y los diputados jugaban un papel fundamental en la construcción de la esfera pública dentro de la sala de sesiones, también incitaron una intensa actividad fuera de la propia institución. El espacio exterior al parlamento, la importancia de los cafés como centros de discusión política y la centralidad de la prensa se considerarán dentro del marco analítico de este artículo.
“Para tales amos, tales criados”. La actividad esclavista de una familia de Arequipa durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Calderón Valenzuela Fernando
Published: November 2020

Este artículo explica la importancia de la esclavitud y sus tendencias comerciales desde las prácticas esclavistas de una familia de élite. Mediante el análisis estadístico se explora el rol que tuvo la esclavitud en el desarrollo socioeconómico de la familia Tristán en Arequipa durante el siglo XVIII, subrayando el alcance del comercio minorista de esclavos entre las actividades económicas de esta familia.
Actual issues of prediction and prevention of preterm birth
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Lakhno I.V. , Коrovay S.V. ,   MNE «City Perinatal Center» of Kharkiv City Council
Published: November 2020

Premature birth is a significant problem in modern medicine. The main aspects of its solution are the prediction and prevention of premature birth. Nowadays, among a large number of biophysical and biochemical markers of preterm birth, ultrasonic cevicometry is the most popular one. It is known that «short cervix syndrome» is not the equivalent of cervical insufficiency. The known strategies of preventive combinations are used in case of an increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, the issue of developing a differentiated approach to the combined or separate use of progesterone, pessary, or cerclage has not been answered yet. It should be added that in most practical recommendations based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, there are no differences according to the possible pathogenesis of preterm birth. A therapeutic strategy should be set based on the possible use or misuse of any preventive combination, taking into account maternal and fetal contraindications. The combined testing on ultrasound cervicometry and biochemical markers could ameliorate the identification of patients at risk of preterm birth. The fetal fibronectin is known to be the best among all biochemical markers of preterm birth. However, the prognostic value of this test, as well as the phosphorylated transport protein insulin-like growth factor, when used separately, is limited. In pregnant women with a length of the cervix between 1.5 cm and 3 cm, it is recommended to use the analysis for placental alpha-microglobulin-1. The administration of corticosteroids should only be performed when the risk of preterm delivery is confirmed by decreased cervical length and a positive test for placental alpha-microglobulin-1 (there is a high risk of preterm delivery within 7 days). The cerclage is indicated in patients with cervical insufficiency before 16 weeks of gestation. In the presence of a «short cervix» and the lack of anamnestic data, the strategy should be individualized. The efficacy of cerclage or pessary application has not been proven. It is necessary to start with vaginal progesterone administration. In the process of the patient observation (cervicometry in dynamics) will allow you to find out an effective method: cerclage or pessary and vaginal progesterone. In the case of progredient cervical effacement in the second trimester, it is advisable to perform an urgent cerclage. In the case of incompetent cervical stitch, the additional application of a pessary is possible. In women with multiple pregnancies, there is no evidence of elective cerclage or pessary efficacy. However, it is possible to use heroic cerclage, pessary in combination with vaginal progesterone or vaginal progesterone monotherapy. Key words: preterm delivery, prediction, prevention.
Improvement of Optical Performances Using the Hybrid CPV
Authors:   Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, Georesouces and Renewable Energies (SIGER), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco, Himer Sarah El , Ahaitouf Ali ,   Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, Georesouces and Renewable Energies (SIGER), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
Published: November 2020

Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaics (HCPVs) are systems in which additional low-cost silicone solar cells are added to take advantage of the power generated by the diffuse radiation lost when using only multi-junction cells that work only with direct radiation. The work has been tested by simulating the performance of a hybrid CPV system composed of a Fresnel lens associated with a pyramid, multi junction cell as well as additional silicon solar cells. This proposal is compared with an ordinary CPV system and a system based on only silicon solar cells. The simulation results show that the CPV makes it possible to have a high optical efficiency of 94% at the pyramid exit for direct radiation, but this high efficiency rapidly decreases to 0% for diffuse radiation. In this case, the silicon solar cell comes into the scene to converts these diffused or non-concentrated rays into electricity, with an optical efficiency of 85%. It was also found that the Hybrid CPV system was able to increase the power by 21% compared to the CPV system.
A guerra das scatolettas: cultura material e comidas enlatadas entre os soldados da Força Expedicionária Brasileira na Itália
Authors: TOSCANO FREDERICO DE OLIVEIRA
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Este artigo busca, sobretudo através de uma revisão bibliográfica e do uso de obras memorialísticas, discutir o uso dos alimentos enlatados entre os brasileiros, em particular os soldados da Força Expedicionária Brasileira, em campanha na Itália durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Mais do que isso, procura mostrar que o objeto em si, a lata, recebeu novos e diferentes usos pelas tropas, atestando o seu poder de agenciamento material. Para tanto, este texto faz uso principalmente - embora não apenas - do trabalho da arqueóloga Nicole Boivin acerca da fisicalidade das coisas e da teoria do agenciamento da matéria, buscando demonstrar que os objetos podem exercer influências sobre a sociedade e a evolução humana. Ele ainda tenciona historicizar o cotidiano alimentar desses homens, mostrando a abrangência dos enlatados em sua dieta - quando esse tipo de alimento era ainda pouco difundido no Brasil -, bem como os usos que eram dados a tais objetos, por vezes diferentes do intuito original. Nesse sentido, é apresentado um panorama breve da trajetória dos enlatados, com foco no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, onde eles simbolizaram, em parte, a abundância alimentar e o poderio industrial deste último país. O recorte temporal utilizado foi predominantemente curto, dentro da noção de evento pensada por Braudel. Finalmente, empregou-se considerável iconografia relacionada aos enlatados norte-americanos utilizados pelos brasileiros durante a guerra.
Avaliação de Políticas Públicas para a Educação Superior: o caso do Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI)
Authors: Andriola Wagner Bandeira , Barrozo Filho José Liberato
Published: November 2020

O Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) configura-se como Política Pública, de natureza afirmativa, para facilitar o acesso ao Ensino Superior de camadas sociais com menores oportunidades educacionais, econômicas e culturais. Delineou-se pesquisa para se obter indícios dos resultados do PROUNI e, assim, permitir sua valoração. Tal atividade se aproxima da ideia de avaliação do tipo ex post-facto, cuja função é prestar esclarecimento à sociedade da sua relevância ou proporcionar social accountability. Para tal, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos para comparar usuários com não usuários do PROUNI em cinco distintos atributos: (i) tempo médio de formação, (ii) qualidade do aprendizado, (iii) impacto institucional oriundo da formação discente, (iv) nível de satisfação com a formação e (v) nível de empregabilidade. No primeiro estudo empregaram-se dados secundários de 924 alunos egressos de cursos de graduação, enquanto o segundo estudo usou dados primários decorrentes do uso de um Questionário Voltado aos Egressos (QVE) em uma amostra de 88 ex-alunos. Resultados da análise comparativa entre usuários e não usuários do PROUNI através dos Testes ANOVA e Qui-Quadrado demonstraram que: (i) usuários apresentaram maior Qualidade de Aprendizado do que não usuários [F = 13,749; p < 0,01]; (ii) usuários apresentaram maior Impacto Institucional do que não usuários [F = 4,528; p < 0,01]; (iii) usuários apresentaram menor Tempo de Formação do que não usuários [F = 12,055 (p < 0,01]; (iv) usuários demonstraram satisfação com a formação recebida e reconheceram a eficácia desta ante exigências profissionais do mercado de trabalho, não tendo sido detectada diferença significativa com não usuários [χ2(1; 86) = 0,67; p > 0,01); (v) usuários demonstraram desejo de inserirem-se imediatamente no mercado de trabalho, para gerar renda para as respectivas famílias, ao contrário dos não usuários [χ2 (1; 86) = 6,64; p < 0,05].
Transtornos mentais comuns em docentes do ensino superior: evidências de aspectos sociodemográficos e do trabalho
Authors: Campos Taís Cordeiro , Véras Renata Meira , Araújo Tânia Maria de
Published: November 2020

Os Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) apresentaram crescimento significativo nas últimas décadas. Apesar das elevadas prevalências registradas e de representar importante causa de afastamento do trabalho entre docentes, ainda há lacunas do conhecimento sobre esse evento em docentes universitários. Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de TMC em docentes de uma universidade pública da Bahia, analisando sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos, laborais e psicossociais. Foi realizado estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, de caráter exploratório, envolvendo 127 docentes. Foram realizadas análises univariada, bivariada e multivariada com regressão logística não condicional. Para entrada no modelo, estabeleceu-se valor de p ≤ 0,25, obtido pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson (X²) ou Exato de Fisher. As razões de prevalência foram estimadas por Regressão de Poisson. O nível de significância estatística adotado para permanência no modelo final foi de 5%. A prevalência de TMC na população estudada foi de 29,9%. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante de TMC com sentimento de desgaste na relação com os alunos (RP: 2,31) e falta de satisfação em trabalhar na instituição (RP: 2,13). Elevada prevalência de TMC foi observada entre os docentes participantes do estudo reforçando a necessidade de ações de intervenção e do olhar atento sobre a saúde mental destes profissionais.
The Effect of Instagram Photograph Types on Empathy and Attitude
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Choi Gwang-Ho , Hwang Jo-Hye
Published: November 2020

Unlike the other SNS(Twitter, Facebook, etc), the rise in Instagram usage has been remarkable. On Instagram, food-related images are influencing a purchasing decision. The present study evaluated food photograph types on Instagram. Specifically, the following factors were explored: the presence and absence of a person, the dynamic level of a person, and the difference between the empathy that consumers feel and the effect of the empathy on attitudes. By applying the mirror neuron effect and the frozen motion theory, photographs were produced portraying both the presence and absence of a person. Additionally, active motion photographs were produced as an experimental stimulus to study the consumer's response. To increase the external validity, two types of food(healthy and non-healthy) were selected. The difference in empathy according to the presence or absence of healthy food photograph was significant. The empathy according to active motion food photographs showed significant differences between healthy and non-healthy diets. Empathy was found to have a positive effect on attitude. This study developed a new research area: empathy of photograph by combining the variable of empathy with food photos of SNS. In conclusion, by understanding that the empathy of consumer’s food photograph expressions may vary, practical suggestions are made for marketer’s approaching social media marketing.
Cuban Tourism Industry and Changes in Ethnic Relations
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Joo Jong-Taick
Published: November 2020

This work analyzes how the development of tourism industry in Cuba is affecting Cuban society. In particular, it is important to understand how the ethnic relationship, which has been considered homogeneous, is changing. Fieldwork was conducted in Trinidad, Cuba. Structured and unstructured intensive interviews and participant observation were used for those engaged in the tourism sector. Main informants for this research were people employed in the tourism industry officially or unofficially such as taxi drivers, jineteros, jineteras, and owners of casas particulares, travel agencies, paladares, and shops. Findings show that changes in Cuban tourism policy and the increase of foreign tourists can lead a new type of socioeconomic gap among ethnic groups. White people with relatively abundant socioeconomic resources can mainly gain economic benefits by using new tourism policies. On the other hand, poor Blacks or Mulatos mostly engage in marginal work or illegal economic activities. If this situation continues, social and ethnic inequality may ultimately increase in the future. To solve this problem, it is necessary to find ways to ease and resolve discrimination or conflict in the workplace, while at the same time drawing up institutional measures for Blacks and Mulatos to participate in tourism projects.
Determination of Magnetic Losses in a Transformer by Wattmetric Method
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Plotnikov Sergey
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to describe the methodology for determining the components of losses in the magnetic circuit of a transformer. Based on current empirical knowledge about the extent to which each of the three components of the losses in the steel of the magnetic circuit depends on the frequency of the magnetic field, a wattmetric method for determining these losses has been developed. The method consists in measuring the total losses in the magnetic circuit at three frequencies using the idle experience and calculating the three components of the losses. It does not matter to what extent each component depends on the amplitude of mag-netic induction or other parameters. It has been established that it is advisable to carry out idling experiments in the range of 50 ... 70 Hz, in which there is no dynamic measurement error, and the frequency error of the coefficients of the calculated matrix is negligible. The results obtained for a single-phase transformer are in good agreement with modern ideas about the ratio of the three components of the losses in the magnetic circuit.
Amplitude Spectrum Analysis of the Current and Voltage of the Asynchronous Motor Power Circuit When Changing the Load on its Shaft
Authors:   Ukhta State Technical University, Startsev Andrei , Shichev Pavel ,   Ukhta State Technical University, Kanev Vadim ,   Ukhta State Technical University, Kanev Valerii ,   Ukhta State Technical University
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a research of the parameters of amplitude spectra of current and voltage of the asynchronous motor power circuit when changing the load on its shaft. The experiment identified chang-es of the amplitudes of the component of spectra of current and voltage when changing the moment of re-sistance on the shaft at frequencies of the bearing fault and fault of coupling of shafts. In simulation modeling researched dependencies of the amplitudes of the experimental components of spectra of current from the mo-ment of resistance and validated of the model adequacy.
Application of the Adaptive PI-Controller in the System of the Load Regulation of the Shearer
Authors:   Tula State University, Shprekher Dmitry , Babokin Gennady ,   National research technological University «MISIS», Kolesnikov Evgeny ,   Russian Chemical-technological University named D.I. Mendeleev, Zelenkov Alexandr ,   Tula State University
Published: November 2020

The article considers the question of replacing the classic PI controller in the shearer control system with an adaptive device, in which the regulator coefficients are adjusted depending on the random change in the re-sistance of coal to cutting. The classic PI controller in the control system has constant proportional and inte-gral coefficients. However, despite the ease of setup and practical implementation, as well as the relatively high robustness, this class of control devices cannot ensure the optimal functioning of the control system in all modes due to the nonlinearity of the control object and the random nature of the coal strength changing as the shearer moves in the coal face. To overcome these shortcomings, a neural network implementation of tuning the coefficients of the PI controller is proposed. The possibility of correcting the coefficients of the PI controller controlling the speed of movement of the shearer, with a random nature of changing the strength of coal, is proposed and experimentally proved. It is shown that the coefficients of the regulator vary according to a ra-ther complex law. It is proposed to use a neural network of the multilayer perceptron type as a corrector of the PI controller coefficients. Neural network training was carried out by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The correctness of the results was confirmed by the results of computer modeling. It is shown that the use of a PI controller with a corrector in the form of a neural network in the control system will increase performance of the load regulator by an average of 1.5–3 times in comparison with the classical regulator. All this will allow to avoid critical overloads, and hence the possible breakdown of the mechanical parts in the transmission of the shearer in case of a sudden collision of the working body of the shearer with a solid inclusion. The pro-posed adaptive PI controller can be further used to improve the control system of the shearer, which is able to function effectively in various modes.
Construction of the Scheme of Substitution of Magnetic Systems of Electrical Devices Using Connected Field Potentials
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Tkachev Alexander , Shkuropadsky Ivan ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Basan Sergey ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Pashkovskiy Alexander ,   North Caucasus State Technical University, Chernoivan Dmitry ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: November 2020

The problem of developing an algorithm for the formalized construction of equivalent circuits for electro-mechanical devices containing several magnetic systems, the relative position of which in space can change, is considered and solved. It is assumed that the magnetic systems are made of anisotropic electrical steel with non-linear characteristics. Generalized formulations of boundary value problems describing the distribution of the magnetic field in the considered electrical systems and their variational formulations are given. A combined method of finite elements and complex boundary elements is described, which makes it possible to calculate the field in magnetic systems and in an area not filled with steel. A formalized procedure for constructing magnetic equivalent circuits for electrical devices using conjugate potentials that have the meaning of the scalar poten-tial and the magnetic field flux function is described. It is shown that the use of conjugate potentials makes it possible to directly find the magnetic fluxes and magnetic voltages used for constructing equivalent circuits without numerical differentiation and integration. A step-by-step algorithm for finding the equivalent circuit topology and component branch equations is described. An example of building a chain model of an electro-magnet is given. The estimation of the error in calculating its characteristics using a magnetic equivalent cir-cuit is carried out.
Forecasting Daily Graphs Active Energy Consumption of a Megapolis Taking Into Account Forecast Data of Daylight Illumination
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Vyalkova Svetlana , Nadtoka Ivan ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: November 2020

The results are presented of the analysis of the daily average values graphs for the time series of active power, air temperature, natural illumination, cloudiness and precipitation for Moscow. The method of one-dimensional singular spectral analysis were obtained the results of the dependence of active power on air temperature and natural illumination and the dependence of active power on cloudiness, precipitation and illumination. Mathematical model was proposed of one-dimensional singular spectral analysis of time series of natural illumination, cloudiness and precipitation is proposed to improve the results of forecasting active power. The results are presented of the decomposition of active power and meteorological factors for 2019 year. To implement the mathematical model of one-dimensional singular spectral analysis of time series of active power and meteorological factors was used the developed algorithm in the R- software Studio in language R. Forecasts daily graphs of active power were made using predictive data of natural illumination obtained using a forecast model based on a neural network during February 2019.The proposed version of the one-dimensional singular spectral decomposition allows finding the relationship between the selected harmonic components of power consumption and natural illumination and power consumption and air temperature. For analyzing and transforming the time series of meteorological factors were used the data of the meteorological hardware-software complex PAC "Meteo".
Protection of Asynchronous Motors From Internal Closes of Stator Winding
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Pronina Anna , Putilin Constantin ,   Sevastopol State University, Majorova Julia ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: November 2020

A method for constructing a high-speed effective protection of large asynchronous motors from arc faults in the stator winding arising from weakening and electrical breakdown of insulation on the machine body and caused by the action of switching or impulse overvoltages has been developed and substantiated. The proposed scheme for detecting arc faults is based on monitoring the active and capacitive conductivity of the winding in-sulation relative to the machine body and violation of the conduction star in case of insulation damage. It is shown that the asynchronous motor protection according to the proposed method will effectively operate both in case of single-phase short-circuits to the case, and inter-turn and phase-to-phase closures, leading to signifi-cant damage to the insulation and winding conductors. The proposed protection has a speed that is inaccessi-ble to modern means of relay protection of motors from such damages. It is proposed to build protection against internal faults on a two-level principle, due to an additional device for quickly extinguishing the residual EMF in the stator winding, induced in it after the motor is disconnected from the network.
Formation of specific immunological a-reactivity during pregnancy in sows
Authors: Agarkov A.V. , Dmitriev A. F. , Kvochko A. N. , Agarkov N.V. ,   FGBU “Stavropol state agrarian University”
Published: November 2020

Changes of immunological reactivity to viral and bacterial antigens can cause in-creased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Different levels of this changes in newborn and adult animal organisms should be based on the fetus and newborn reactivity, first coming into contact with the antigen after birth, whereas the adult organism already has partial sensitization. Chronic vectors of pathological agents in animals and their in-fluence on the spread of infectious process is a persisting problem of modern veterinary medicine. The ability to use vaccination in newborns is limited by the presence of maternal antibodies that have immunosuppres-sive effects. High level of functional abilities of preg-nant organism is important in prevention of intrauterine infection. Infection in the prena-tal period of development affects fetal growth and development processes on the one hand, and on the other - isoimmuniza-tion of the maternal organism with fetal anti-gens occurs, accompanied by increased sen-sitivity of the organism with predominant manifestation of cellular phenomena, in the absence of increased synthesis of antibodies. Given the high importance of the functional reserves of the newborn organism, the intra-uterine development and completeness of the placental barrier are important. Detection of the transportation of infectious agent in inac-tive phase during pregnancy of different gestational period should be considered from the point of view of avidity and seropositivi-ty of pregnant animals. The high variety of clinical manifesta-tions of intrauterine infection requires the development of minimally invasive methods of antenatal and intranatal prediction, which allow at the stage of pregnancy and/or child-birth to assess the presence of an agent in a very small amount as the risk of the future development of infectious disease of the fetus and newborn, or complications of the early neonatal period.
Morphological changes in sheep ovaries in postnatal ontogenesis
Authors:   FSBEI VO ", Kuzminova A. S. ,   Stavropol state agrarian University", Kvochko A. N. ,   FSBEI VO "Stavropol state agrarian University", Skripkin V.S. ,   FSBEI VO "Stavropol state agrarian University"
Published: November 2020

The study of ovarian morphology in sheep during age periods, when this organ undergoes a significant restructuring, is of important theoretical and practical im-portance. In sheep farms in the Eastern zone of the Stavropol territory, histological stud-ies of sheep ovaries in postnatal ontogenesis were performed to determine the thickness of the rudimentary epithelium, the protein envelope, the thickness of the cortical and cerebral layer, as well as the diameter of the follicles and yellow bodies. The results re-vealed that sheep of Stavropol breed set cat-alog thickness of epithelium is in the range of 2.07±0,19-of 13.73±0,41 μm, the thick-ness of the tunica - of 4.91±0,21-of 18.96±0,49 μm, the thickness of the cortical layer - 84,28±6,48-120,55±1,98 μm, and the thickness of the medulla wins with 52.86±2,56-106,85±of 1.76 μm.A signifi-cant increase in these structures in the ovary occurs at the time of puberty (six months), further there is a slowdown in the growth rate of layers in the ovary and by nine to twelve months it remains unchanged, which indicates the completion of the development of the organ. Analysis of the dynamics of the diameter of follicles and yellow bodies showed that the diameter of primordial (2.62±0.03-8.37±0.69 microns), primary (25.28±0.97-46.48±5.27 microns), secondary (35.20±3.82-91.57±5.28 microns) follicles increases with age. Tertiary follicles in the ovary are detected at three months, and yel-low bodies from six months of life and their diameter is in the range of 372.56±60.28-526.17±32.78 microns and 105.32±0.80-117.12±0.62 microns, respectively. The reli-able data obtained by us on changes in the diameter of follicles and yellow bodies are probably related to the active influence of gonadotropins on the ovaries, which are re-sponsible for the growth, maturation of folli-cles, ovulation and formation of yellow bod-ies.
TECHNOLOGICAL INJURIES IN INDUSTRIAL PIG FARMING
Authors:   FGBOU SPbGAVM, Stekolnikov A.A. , Ladanova M.A. ,   FGBOU SPbGAVM
Published: November 2020

Industrial injuries in pig farms of closed type are a very common pathology. Howev-er, nowadays, injury prevention and treat-ment of sick animals in the conditions of industrial pig breeding complex do not bring good results and require improvements. Ac-cording to the literature, there is no infor-mation about the results of the use of oint-ments and immuno- stimulators in the treat-ment of pigs with bitten wounds of the ears, tails and other parts of the body. In this re-gard, we have set a goal to develop therapeu-tic measures for injuries of piglets in a pig breeding complex of a closed type. We ana-lyzed the prevalence of industrial injuries in pigs. During the clinical examination, we studied the specific structures of injuries. The main cause of pigs injuries in industrial farming is cannibalism. In 28 days, 60% of pigs in the second experimental group, showed complete cicatrization of the wound, and 40% of animals showed this process regenerated on 85-95%, meanwhile 2 days they also had complete scarring of the wound. In 28 days, 50% of pigs of the third experimental group had a complete cicatriza-tion of the wound, and for 50% were ob-served scarring of the wound by 75-85%, and only after 4 days they demonstrated the complete scaring of the defect. For the treatment of bitten wounds as a result of developing cannibalism, it is recommended, to use local treatment of wounds with chlor-hexidine solution and argosulfan ointment daily 2 times a day and also to use the im-munostimulator “Ferrovir” in a dose of 1.0 ml/m2 per week. Such scheme of treatment of bitten wounds gives the best therapeutic effect.
Closing a longitudinal defect on a caudal hollow vein by using the technique for connecting paravasal tissues with adventitia of parallel going artery
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Academy of veterinary medicine., Stekolnikov A.A. , Gladysheva A.E. ,   St. Petersburg State Academy of veterinary medicine.
Published: November 2020

This article describes the use of the tech-nique for connection of paravasal tissues with adventitia of a parallel-going artery to close a longitudinal defect up to 2 millime-ters long in the caudal vena cava. The study was conducted on 6 male white rats. The goal of our work was to evaluate the effec-tiveness of haemostasis by using the method of connecting paravasal tissues of the caudal vena cava with adventitia of a parallel-running artery. All surgical interventions were performed under general anesthesia, in compliance with the rules of aseptics and antiseptics. A vessel defect was created by dissecting its paravasal tissue and the vein wall in the longitudinal direction with the tip of a 21G injection needle, then it was removed by connecting the paravasal tissue of the caudal vena cava and the aorta adventitia. For this, 2 sutures were applied by using Nylon USP 9-0 with a pricking atraumatic needle. The time taken to close the defect and the effec-tiveness of haemostasis were evaluated. As a result of the studies, we came to the follow-ing conclusions: the average time taken to close the defect was 3.3 ± 0.34 minutes. Un-like the classical method, we do not waste time isolating the vessel from surrounding tissues and the parallel artery, and also the suture is not placed through all layers of the vessel, causing a traumatic effect on the inti-ma. This technique is effective for haemo-stasis, in five out of six cases, the blood stopped 4 minutes after the closure of the defect on the vessel. And in one of six cases, blood stopped 6 minutes after the closure of the defect.
Influence of the vertical zonality of moun-tain ranges of Kabardino-Balkaria on quantitative indicators of sheep infection with bio - and geohelminthes
Authors:   Chechen State University, Department of Physiology and Anatomy of Man and Animals, Shahbiev Kh.Kh. , Gazaev I.D. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Didanova A.A. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova, Department of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

This article is devoted to the study of susceptibility of sheep to bio - and geohel-minthes at an altitude of 1200 - 3500 m. The sea in the mountain tracts of Kabardino-Balkaria. It is established that in the tracts of Intsyty, Dzhalpak, home, Dougat, located at an altitude of 1200 - 1500 m. the sheep have the same frequency of occurrence. In the tracts of Intsyty, Dzhalpak, home, Dougat, gastrointestinal helminths of 12 species, with the exception of the species T. skrjabi-ni Kalant., 1928, had a high EI level of 47-69%. The tracts Shyki, Bashil, Irikchat, Tyzyl located at an altitude of 1500 - 2000 m.n.u. Sea, sheep folk selection of 5 types of bio - and geohelminthes were found with high incidence (EI = 45-70%); 6 species above the average level of occurrence (EI = 29-38%); 13 species with an average level (EI = 13-24%; 2 species with low levels of reg-istration (EI = 6-12%). Sheep national selection in the tract Irikchat, Tyzyl, Gil-Su, Ush-tulu, Adylsu at an altitude of 2000 - 2500 m, are defined 4 types geohelminthes, they found a higher than average incidence levels (EI = 30-40%); 6 species with an average level of occurrence (ee = 14-26%); 3 species with a weak registration (EI = 7-12%). At an altitude of 2500 - 3000 m in the hole Dykhtau, Zhangugan, Donguz-Orun and Ulla-tau in sheep folk selection highlighted 3 types geohelminthes with an average level of occurrence (EI = 15-27%); 5 species with a weak indicator of EI = 6-11%. The tracts Azau, Cheget, Tau ёzen and Shaurtu at an altitude of 3000 - 3500 m.n.u. Sea, sheep worming national selection was not selected, because at these altitudes, virtu-ally no favorable abiotic conditions for their circadian rhythm.
Dynamics of leukocyt blood indexes in chickens administered ciprofloxacinin in experimental conditions of infection
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution ", Moiseeva A.A. ,   Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Prisnyi A.A. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Skvortsov V.N. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV"
Published: November 2020

Diseases of bacterial etiology lead to decrease in productivity and increase in poultry waste, which causes significant dam-age to poultry farming. An important reason for the increase in the incidence of staphylo-coccal infections is the resistance and adapt-ability of microorganisms to chemotherapeu-tic agents. The purpose of the presented as-say was to study the effect of Ciprofloxacin on the dynamics of leukocyte indices in ex-perimental staphylococcosis of chickens. Three groups of cockerels were involved in the experiment (I – control, II – Staphylo-coccus aureus infection, III – Staphylococ-cus aureus infection + Ciprofloxacin solution administration peros during 5 days in a dose of 200 mg/l). Blood was taken directly on the very day of infection for II and III groups, as well as on the 3, 5 and 7 days after infection. Krebs index, leukocyte index, immunoreactivity index, leukocyte index of intoxication, leukocyte shift index, and lym-phocyte granulocyte index was determined after counting the leukogram. During the whole experiment, significant statistically reliable changes in the leukocyte indices of chicks of groups II and III were revealed, relative to the control index, which indicates the activation of a number of immune reac-tions that have a significant impact on the physiological status of the bird. The use of indices for differential counts of leukocytes is a more informative method than taking into account changes in the concentration of certain blood cells.
Correction of the immunomorphological status of bull -calves with biogenic sub-stances taking into account regional io-dine and selenium deficiency
Authors:   MBA named after K. I. Scriabin, Maximov V. I. , Shukanov R.A. ,   MBA named after K. I. Scriabin, Shukanov A.A. ,   MBA named after K. I. Scriabin, Altynova N.V. ,   Chuvash state agricultural Academy
Published: November 2020

Scientific justification of effective pre-vention of endemic diseases in productive animals, taking into account the biogeo-chemical characteristics of the regions, is an urgent problem of modern veterinary and animal science. Therefore, the aim of the assay was to study the dynamics of immuno-morphological development of gobies con-tained in the iodine-seleno deficiency region with administation of trepel, «Polystim», iodomidol and selenopiran. Experiments were carried out on 3 groups of similar bulls for 10 heads each. The studied animals were kept in individual houses and group pavilions using adaptive technology from 2 to 150 days, then up to 540 days (the duration of the experiments) – in industrial farms. Animals of 1 group served as control; groups 2 and 3 were used for 2, 31, 151, 361 days of life, respectively, trepel with «Polystim» and iodomidol with selenopyran according to the schemes devel-oped by us. U 2-, 30-, 60-, 150-, 360-, 390-, 540-diurnal animals of these groups were studied the dynamics of the clinical and physiological state, the content of immuno -, thyroglobulins in the blood; in bulls killed at the age of 30, 150, 540 days-the micromor-phology of the thyroid and thymus glands by standard methods. The digital data obtained in the experiments were subjected to bio-metric analysis (Statistica for Windows and Microsoft Excel-2016). In the simulated studies, the immune-morphological expediency of complex ad-ministration to bulls at the beginning of the growing, rearing and fattening periods of the tested bioactive substances was proved, tak-ing into account local iodine and selenium insufficiency. If the immunotrofic effect on the body of trepel with «Polystim» (group 2), and iodomidol with selenopyran (group 3) was almost identical, then the thyriotrofic effect is much more pronounced in animals of group 3
Biochemical parameters of blood of calves when using a probiotic based on the strain enterococcus faecium l-3
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGAVM, Lebedev M.N. , Kovalev S.P. ,   FSBEI HE SPbGAVM
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we studied the effect of a probiotic, based on the Enterococcus Faeci-um L-3 strain on 20 black-motley calves. The effect of the drug on their biochemical parameters of blood serum were studied. The authors found that this drug, which was fed to calves up to 45 days of age, had a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of blood and on the total animal organism.. So, at 14 days of age, blood serum parame-ters in calves, not receiving the drug, such as: bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotrans-ferase levels were significantly higher than in calves that received probiotic, which indi-cates possible dystrophic changes in the liv-er. Also, at 14 days of age in cows, reciev-ing the drug , the blood serum amylase level was significantly higher than of the calves, not receiving the drug. By the age of 30 days, the tendency to a higher content of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine ami-notransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood serum, persisted in the calves of the control group, compared with the ani-mals of the experimental group. By the age of 45 days, the levels of bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were also significantly higher in control group of animals, than in experimental group and were 5.0 ± 0.56 μmol / L and 3.72 ± 0.4 μmol / L , 30.66 ± 2.9 IU / L and 16.52 ± 1.2 IU / L, 345.7 ± 30.7 and 226.6 ± 24.1, respectively.The results obtained, indicated that regular feeding of a probiotic based on Enterococcus Faecium L-3 to calves of the milky period, contributes to the normaliza-tion of biochemical parameters and greater resistance to gastrointestinal disorders.