bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Hasil Pemeriksaan Kadar Glukosa Darah 2 Jam PP Dengan Menggunakan Glukometer Dan Analyzer Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Maulidiyanti Ellies Tunjung Sari
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Examination of blood glucose levels 2 hours pp is required to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Currently many clinical laboratories, hospitals and clinics are still modest usually use tool for the examination of blood glucose levels is by glucometer that emit relatively fast results. In contrast to the large hospital and clinical laboratories that have been developed have used the analyzer tool as an advanced tool that can check more parameters clinical examination which will get accurate results. To the authors want to prove whether there are differences in the results of blood glucose levels 2 hours pp using glucometer and analyzer. This research is experimental. The population in this study were patients with diabetes mellitus in hospital Throughout Siti Khadija. The samples used were serum and whole blood from the blood vena.Variabel free is the way 2-hour blood glucose tests using a glucometer and analyzer pp and the dependent variable is the blood glucose levels 2 hours pp. While the operational definition, examination of blood glucose 2 hours pp by using 2 kinds of tools, namely glucometer and analyzer. Methods of data collection of 20 samples taken from patients with DM in Hospital Khodijah Throughout Siti. To know the results used paired t test. The results showed that there were significant differences between the glucometer and glucose analyzer examination 2 hours pp based on the results of paired t test with sig value greater than 0.05 and the average levels of the glucometer 207.65 mg / dl and analyzer 193.85 mg / dl. Key word: glucose, glucometer, analyzer
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Tromboemboli pada Kehamilan
Authors: Airlangga Muhammad Perdana
Published: February 2018

Venous thromboembolism is both more common and more complex to diagnose in patients who are pregnant than in those who are not pregnant. Pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis are the two components of a single disease called venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of maternal death in the developed world. Delayed diagnosis, delayed or inadequate treatment, and inadequate thromboprophylaxis account for many of the deaths due to venous thromboembolism. Successful strategies for the management of venous thromboembolism in nonpregnant patients have been established. However, many of the recommendations for the treatment of pregnant patients who have venous thromboembolism are not based on high-quality data; rather, they are derived from observational studies and extrapolation from studies involving nonpregnant patients. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical approach to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of venous thromboembolism in pregnant patients.
CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts and pneumonia in HIV children
Authors: Masri Siti Habsyah
Published: February 2018

CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts and pneumonia in HIV-infected childrenAbstractBackground Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and the most common cause of mortality in infants and children who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). For HIV-infected children, the risk for developing pneumonia has been closely related to an individual’s having a lower CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count.Objective To evaluate for an association between CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count and pneumonia in HIV-infected childrenMethods. A cross sectional study was conducted among all children diagnosed with and without pneumonia who had HIV at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Data were taken from patients’ medical records between January 2008 to December 2015. We studied demographic, clinical, radiological and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts on admission, as well as mortality outcomes.Results  A total of 174 HIV-infected children were included in this study. Pneumonia was found in 47 children with 39 months as the median age of onset. The mean difference in CD4 levels was 0.912 cells/mm3 units (95% CI to -5.79 to 7.62) with higher mean in the pneumonia group than in the non-pneumonia group, but no significant difference. In addition, no significant association were found between nutritional status and incidence of pneumonia [OR 1,050; 95% CI 0,537 to 2,053); P = 0.886) or between immunodeficiency status and pneumonia, [OR 0.986;(95% CI 0,25 to 3.885);P= 0,984]. The common opportunistic infection in our subjects besides pneumonia were diarrhea, oral candidiasis and pulmonary TB, or some combination there of.  Severe malnutrition was also present in some subjects.Conclusions There is no significant association between CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count and pneumonia in HIV-infected children Key words CD4, HIV, pneumonia, children
Penerapan Single Sign On dengan Google pada Website berbasis YII Framework
Authors: Aini Qurotul , Rahardja Untung , Naufal Romzi Syauqi
Published: February 2018

Era globalisasi yang membuat perkembangan teknologi sangat pesat memberikan pengaruh sangat besar bagi manusia setiap bidang kehidupan. Website pastinya akan membuat sebuah perubahan dari era yang manualisasi ke era yang pastinya lebih komputerisasi dalam berbagai bidang pendidikan. Pengaksesan Website secara komputerisasi yang dilalui tahap awal adalah login dengan mudah pada
website. Aktifitas login yang sering menggunakan username dan password sebuah email google yang terkadang berbeda – beda. Kesulitan untuk login jika seorang pengguna login yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap sistem yang digunakan, karena seseorang harus dapat mengingat banyak username dan password yang juga keamanan harus dijaga dengan baik. Single Sign On ( SSO ) with google
merupakan fasilitas yang memberikan kemudahan untuk user yang melakukan login ketika menjelajah di internet. Dengan metode Single Sign On ( SSO ) with google ini, setiap user hanya perlu memiliki satu account Gmail untuk login. User hanya perlu login satu kali saja agar menggunakan semua fasilitas yang ada di website utama PenA (Penilaian Absensi). Disimpulkan dengan SSO with google
dalam system dapat mempermudah aktifitas satu kali Login dan menangani authentifikasi.
Kata kunci— Single Sign On with Google, Login dan Website.
PEMANFAATAN WEBSITE SEBAGAI SARANA MANAGING DATA DALAM SUATU ORGANISASI (STUDI KASUS: PERTEMUAN ILMIAH NASIONAL (PIN) PERHIMPUNAN DOKTER SPESIALIS SARAF INDONESIA (PERDOSSI) 2013 MEDAN)
Authors: Aulia Rachmat
Published: February 2018

Sistem informasi merupakan sebuah sistem yang dirancang untuk memproses data-data sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang berharga untuk diinformasikan kepada umum. Kategori dari sistem informasi beraneka ragam salah satunya adalah pengelolaan data (managing data) online. Sistem seperti pengelolaan data secara online sangat diperlukan di beberapa organisasi atau perusahaan. Hal ini dapat membantu dan memudahkan panitia dalam melakukan perkerjaan. Rancangan aplikasi managing data online yang terdapat pada PIN (pertemuan ilmiah nasional) 2013 Medan menerapkan beberapa teknologi seperti verifikasi dan filterisasi data, identifikasi pembayaran, error handling, dan encryption login. Alasan mengapa banyak teknologi yang diterapakan dalam sistem PIN 2013 Medan adalah meminimalkan kesalahan dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan baik dari panitia maupun peserta sehingga kedua belah pihak saling menguntungkan.
RANCANG BANGUN RESPONSIVE WEB LAYOUT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BOOTSTRAP FRAMEWORK
Authors: Zakir Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Internet sebagai salah satu media informasi yang dapat diakses setiap orang kapan saja dan dimana saja, saat ini internet telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat dalam memperoleh informasi, hal ini didukung oleh perkembangan berbagai perangkat seperti, tablet dan smartphone yang semakin memudahkan banyak orang untuk mengakses informasi. Untuk mendukung berbagai perangkat dalam mengakses informasi (website) melalui internet maka aplikasi harus menyesuaikan dengan perangakat yang digunakan terutama dalam hal pengelolaan layout web. Web layout merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting yang harus direncanakan dengan baik agar website dapat berjalan dengan baik, cepat dan dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh berbagai macam browser serta dapat berjalan diberbagai macam flatform. Bootstrap merupakan sebuah framework yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam mendesain sebuah layout web yang responsive
PERFORMANCE ALGORITMA GENETIKA (GA) PADA PENJADWALAN MATA PELAJARAN
Authors: M.Kom. Eva Desiana
Published: February 2018

Algoritma Genetika merupakan sebuah algoritma pencarian heuristik yang sangat baik digunakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah optimasi. Pada masalah penjadwalan mata pelajaran algoritma genetika dinilai memiliki performa yang cukup baik dalam menemukan solusi yang optimal. Pemilihan operator dalam algoritma genetika juga sangat menentukan keberhasilan algoritma genetika dalam menemukan solusi yang optimal tersebut. Dalam algoritma genetika evaluasi nilai fitness diperoleh dengan memeriksa setiap gen yang ada pada setiap kromosom induk dengan kriteria penalty sebagai fungsi kelayakannya. Algoritma genetika akan berhenti jika tidak ditemukan crash/bentrok atau sejumlah generasi maksimum telah tercapai. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa performance dari algoritma genetika cukup baik dalam menyelesaikan masalah penjadwalan mata pelajaran.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA KRIPTOGRAFI KLASIK VIGENERE CIPHER DAN ONE TIME PAD
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Khoiruddin
Published: February 2018

Kriptografi memiliki peranan yang besar dalam dunia keamanan data. Dengan adanya ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana menjaga data agar tetap terahasia, diharapkan dapat menciptakan rasa aman bagi siapapun yang ingin menyimpan dan merahasiakan data mereka. Ada beberapa algoritma kriptografi yang tergolong kedalam kriptografi klasik, diantaranya adalah Vigenere Cipher dan One Time Pad. Secara umum proses enkripsi dan dekripsi dari kedua metode ini terlihat sama, namun tetap saja ada perbedaannya. Perbedaan kedua algoritma ini terletak pada kunci yang digunakan, algoritma Vigenere Cipher menggunakan kunci yang sama dan selalu berulang, sedangkan algoritma One Time Pad menggunakan kunci yang selalu berbeda terhadap huruf yang akan dienkripsinya.
PENGENALAN POLA HIV DAN AIDS MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA KOHONEN PADA JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Tambunan Heru Satria
Published: February 2018

Perkembangan tekhnologi saat ini sangat berkembang pesat, sehingga sangat memudahkan untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah. Di dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan algoritma Kohonen pada Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Backpropagation dalam pengenalan pola penyakit HIV dan AIDS dalam  mengenali pola penyakit HIV dan AIDS. Algoritma Backpropagation merupakan salah satu algoritma pembelajaran  yang membutuhkan pengawasan dalam proses pembelajarannya. Pada algoritma backpropagation terdapat pasangan data input dan output serta hidden layer untuk melakukan pemrosesan data Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan hingga diperoleh bobot penimbang (weight) yang diinginkan. Dalam penelitian ini, dalam pengenalan pola penyakit HIV dan AIDS. Penulis menggunakan 15 variabel datauntuk dilatih menggunakan algoritma backpropagation dimana pembobotannya secara random dan data yang kedua dilatih menggunakan algoritma backpropagation. Didalam penelitian ini mengunakan aplikasi matlab untuk melakukan pemrosesan.
PORTAL AKADEMIK SEMI-REALTIME AMIK DAN STIKOM TUNAS BANGSA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Damani Irfan Sudahri
Published: February 2018

Informasi akademik pada Akademi Manajemen Informatika Komputer (AMIK) Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar akan tetap menjadi kebutuhan bagi mahasiswa selama mahasiswa masih aktif dalam proses pendidikan. Hal ini akan sulit diperoleh mengingat jumlah perbandingan jumlah mahasiswa  dengan staff yang melayani bidang akademik yang cukup besar. Dengan menggunakan media internet tentu akan mempermudah mahasiswa memperoleh informasi yang di inginkan serta dengan aplikasi yang berbasis database internet, tentu mahasiswa akan memperoleh informasi yang selalu ter-update. Hal ini juga tentu harus didukung oleh aplikasi yang dapat dijalankan oleh dosen pengampu matakuliah dalam hal pengiriman nilai berbasis internet.
ANALISIS KINERJA ALGORITMA CLUSTERING FUZZY TSUKAMOTO DENGAN FUZZY C-MEANS
Authors: Parlina Iin , Mawengkang Herman , Efendi Syahril
Published: February 2018

Efforts to evaluate employees in the work is to assess the performance of each employee. For it has been formulated assessment is based upon work objectives according to the position or job title, and by weighting against six indicators into three groups. The number of data values and indicators to be used will certainly lead to difficulties in implementation, not effective and less objective. Therefore we need a clustering process more optimal assessment. This study aims to analyze the performance of FCM algorithm implemented on employee performance evaluation PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri into 3 clusters. Some of the steps that must be performed before clustering, first performed pretreatment, namely data cleaning and data transformation for further clustering using the algorithm. The results of the calculations used to analyze the performance of the algorithm with FCM Tsukamoto. Compatibility calculation value data by Tsukamoto algorithm is pretty good and for the FCM algorithm is Very Good. FCM algorithm can be used in the assessment of grouping data based on the three criteria of assessment.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS PADA SISWA BARU SEKOLAHMENENGAH KEJURUAN UNTUK CLUSTERING JURUSAN
Authors: Nur Fauziah , Zarlis M. , Nasution Benny Benyamin
Published: February 2018

Data mining merupakan teknik pengolahan data dalam jumlah besar untuk pengelompokan.Teknik ini digunakan dalam proses Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). Teknik tersebut mempunyai beberapa metode dalam pengelompokannya Naïve-Bayes dan Nearest Neighbour, pohon keputusan (KD-Tree), ID3, K-Means, text mining dan dbscan. Dalam hal ini penulis mengelompokan data siswa baru sekolah menengah kejuruan tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Pengelompokan tersebut berdasarkan kriteria – kriteria data siswa. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menerapkan algoritma K-Means Clustering untuk pengelompokan data siswa baru sekolah menengah kejuruan. Dalam hal ini, pada umumnya untuk memamasuki jurusan hanya disesuaikan dengan nilai siswa saja namun dalam penelitian ini pengelompokan disesuaikan kriteria – kriteria siswa seperti penghasilan orang tua, tanggungan anak orang tua dan nilai tes siswa. Penulis menggunakan beberapa kriteria tersebut agar pengelompokan yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih optimal. Tujuan dari pengelompokan ini adalah terbentuknya kelompok jurusan pada siswa yang menggunakan algoritma K-Means clustering. Hasil dari pengelompokan tersebut diperoleh tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok tidak lulus, kelompok rekayasa perangkat lunak dan kelompok teknik komputer jaringan. Terdapat pusat cluster  dengan Cluster-1=1.4;2.2;2.2, Cluster-2= 2.28;1.64;4 dan Cluster-3=5;2;6. Pusat cluster tersebut didapat dari beberapa iterasi sehingga mengahasilakan pusat cluster yang optimal.
ANALISIS KRIPTO SISTEM ALGORITMA AES DAN ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY (ECC) UNTUK KEAMANAN DATA
Authors: Sibarani Edy Budi Harjono , Zarlis M. , Sembiring Rahmat Widya
Published: February 2018

Kriptografi merupakan salah satu solusi atau metode pengamanan data yang tepat untuk menjaga kerahasiaan dan keaslian data, serta dapat meningkatkan aspek keamanan suatu data atau informasi. Metode ini bertujuan agar informasi yang bersifat rahasia dan dikirim melalui suatu jaringan, seperti LAN atau Internet, tidak dapat diketahui atau dimanfaatkan oleh orang atau pihak yang tidak berkepentingan. Kriptografi mendukung kebutuhan dua aspek keamanan informasi, yaitu perlindungan terhadap kerahasiaan data informasi dan perlindungan terhadap pemalsuan dan pengubahan informasi yang tidak diinginkan. AES-Rinjdael merupakan salah satu algoritma kriptografi yang digunakan dalam mengamankan pesan menggunakan panjang kunci sampai 256 bit, yang mana untuk meghindari kriptanalisis, maka dilakukan metode kombinasi  dengan algoritma  Eliptic Curve Criptografi (ECC) dalam pengenkripsian pesan.
APLIKASI KEAMANAN FILE AUDIO WAV (WAVEFORM) DENGAN TERAPAN ALGORITMA RSA
Authors: Fuad Raja Nasrul , Winata Haikal Nando
Published: February 2018

The WAV file format that is widely used rough on various kinds of multimedia and gaming platforms. Ease of access and technological development with a variety of media to facilitate the exchange of information to various places. The data are important and need to be kept confidential secret for a wide range of security threats so that data can be intercepted and acknowledged by third parties during the shipping process. Of these problems led to the idea to create an application data security functions can secure the data using the RSA algorithm. The programming language is C # with Visual Studio software, the processed data is a sample each byte in WAV file, the header will be the same as that originally WAV files can be played even if the information has been withheld. RSA algorithm can be implemented into a programming language that WAV files can be processed and secured the data.
PENGEMBANGAN WEBSITE DINAMIS MENGGUNAKAN ASP.NET MVC DAN SQL SERVER DENGAN METODE RAD (STUDI KASUS: PT X)
Authors: Juyuspan Fityan Aula , Oktivasari Prihatin
Published: February 2018

Abstrak — Pembangunan website dinamis merupakan salah satu kebutuhan bagi beberapa perusahaan. Kebutuhan tersebut dapat berupa sebuah komunikasi dengan pelanggan, sebagai sarana informasi, promosi produk, statistic pengunjung, dan pengelolaan quotation. PT X merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang menjadikan website dinamis sebagai salah satu kebutuhan mereka. Website dinamis bertujuan untuk mengelola konten serta mempublikasikan promosi-promosi perusahaan sehingga mempermudah pengunjung dalam memahami dan berinteraksi aktif dengan perusahaan. Framework ASP.NET MVC merupakan salah satu metode yang dikembangkan oleh Microsoft yang digunakan untuk pembangunan website dinamis. Pada studi kasus ini bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah C# dan menggunakan database SQL Server 2016. Tujuan dari pengembangan ini adalah untuk mengimplementasikan MVC Pattern, bundling and minification, cookie, AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), dan Action Filter pada ASP.NET. Pengembangan tersebut menghasilkan website dinamis yang interaktif, menyediakan informasi dan layanan bagi pengunjung baru ataupun pelanggan dari perusahaan tersebut, serta dikembangkan dengan cepat (rapid) dengan menggunakan metode RAD.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN PARALLEL PROCESSING MULTITHREADING PADA RESILIENT BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Onggrono Kelvin , Tulus Tulus , Nababan Erna Budhiarti
Published: February 2018

Proses pembelajaran neural network merupakan hal yang penting, bertujuan untuk mengenali lingkungan. Proses pembelajaran neural network membutuhkan waktu untuk dapat mengenali lingkungan. Terutama pada salah satu algoritma neural network yaitu resilient backpropagation. Proses untuk mempercepat pembelajaran resilient backpropagation pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik parallel processing. Teknik parallel processing yang digunakan adalah multithreading. Teknik parallel ini diterapkan pada bagian hidden layer yaitu membagi jumlah neuron pada hidden layer menjadi beberapa subproses yang dikerjakan secara bersamaan, pembagian yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada jumlah thread. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penerapan parallel processing menggunakan teknik multithreading ke dalam algoritma resilient backpropagation membantu mempercepat waktu proses pembelajaran resilient backpropagation dengan thread yang digunakan sebanyak 3 buah thread.
ANALISA PENENTUAN PERUBAHAN CALON PENERIMA RASTRA (BERAS SEJAHTERA) DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE METHOD (SAW) DI DESA HUIDU KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Handayani Tri Pratiwi
Published: February 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan algoritma Simple Additive Method (SAW) dalam kasus penentuan perubahan calon penerima Rastra (Beras Sejahtera) di Desa Huidu Kabupaten Gorontalo. Algorima SAW (Penambahan bobot sederhana) adalah salah satu algoritma sistem pendukung keputusan yang mampu mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan yang dikategorikan sebagai multi kriteria decision making (MADM) atau pengambilan keputusan yang melibatkan banyak kriteria. Metode ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap. Pertama Matriks alternatif dibuat terlebih dahulu. Matriks alternatif merupakan matriks yang berisi alternatif alternatif yang akan dirangking pada akhir proses. Dalam kasus ini alternatif adalah nama – nama calon penerima Rastra yang akan dievaluasi pada rapat musyawarah desa. Kedua Matriks kriteria dibuat untuk menjadi indikator prioritas dalam mendukung keputusan. Tahap ketiga adalah penentuan atribut biaya dan atribut keuntungan dari kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuannya adalah membedakan kriteria yang bersifat keuntungan dan kriteria yang bersifat biaya. Keempat adalah penentuan bobot dari kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Pada kasus ini diambil bobot bernilai 4 sebagai bobot yanng tetinggi dan bobot bernilai 1 sebagai bobot yang terendah. Penentuan nilai bobot pada kasus ini berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan aparat desa. Kelima, melakukan normalisasi bobot dengan menggunakan persamaan. Keenam, menentukan preferensi alternatif terbobot. Sehingga didapatkanlah matriks keputusan.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan algoritma ini mampu memberikan ranking kelayakan calon Rastra.
Perbandingan Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE) — K Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) Dengan K Means — K Nearest Neighbor (K-NN)
Authors: Syaliman Khairul Umam , Zulfahmi M. , Nababan Aldi Abdillah
Published: February 2018

Teknik Clustering terbukti dapat meningkatkan akurasi dalam melakukan klasifikasi, terutama pada algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). Setiap data dari setiap kelas akan membentuk K cluster yang kemudian nilai centroid akhir dari setiap cluster pada setiap kelas data tersebut akan dijadikan data acuan untuk melakukan proses klasifikasi menggunakan algoritma K-NN. Namun kendala dari banyaknya teknik clustering adalah biaya komputasi yang mahal, Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE) dan K-Means termasuk kedalam teknik clustering dengan biaya komputasi yang murah. Untuk melihat manakah dari kedua algoritma ini (RCE dan K-Means) yang lebih baik memberikan peningkatan akurasi pada algoritma K-NN maka, pada penelitian ini akan mencoba untuk membandingkan kedua algoritma tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah gabungan RCE—K-NN memberikan hasil akurasi yang lebih baik dari K-Means—K-NN pada data set iris dan wine. Namun dalam perubahan nilai akurasi RCE—K-NN lebih stabil hanya pada data set iris. Sedangkan pada data set wine, K-Means—K-NN terlihat mendapati perubahan akurasi yang lebih stabil dibandingkan RCE—K-NN.
What can we learn from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015?
Authors: Regmi Pramod R. , Simkhada Padam , Teijlingen Edwin Van , Pant Puspa R. , Kurmi Om , Marahatta Sujan B.
Published: February 2018

Not available.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 1-5
Knowledge on occupational health hazard and safety practices among the municipal solid waste handler
Authors: Marahatta Sujan B , Katuwl D , Adhikari S , Rijal K
Published: February 2018

Background: All over the world nearly 860,000 people are injured every day and 2.3 million deaths occur annually due to occupational accidents and work-related diseases.There are limited studies that specifically determine the knowledge of waste handlers on occupational health problems and associated factors of occupational health problems and injuries in waste handlersin context of Nepal. Therefore, this studyaimed to assess the knowledge of waste handlers on occupational health and safety practices and its association with utilization of PPEs along with the condition of occupational health problems and injuries and factors associated with them among the waste handlers of Kathmandu Metropolitan City.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among selected 355 solid waste collectors by using semi-structured questionnaire and observation checklist, which was completed from March 2016 to May 2016. The data was entered into SPSS 20 version for analysis and a chi-square test was performed to see the presence of the association between the dependent and selected independent variables.Results: Among total respondents (355) surveyed 51.5% had got knowledge on occupational health hazard, 16.1 %  had got the knowledge to prevent from work-related health risks, 29% had got knowledge about PPEs and  31.5% had got knowledge about PPEs utilization. About 45.8% of the study participants had practices of the utilization of PPEs. Majority of the respondents i.e. 63.7% reported that they were suffering from occupational health problems. The evidence of the occupational health injuries was found to be low i.e. 25.4%. Similarly, variables which had significant influence on the occupational health problems were knowledge on occupational health hazard (p=0.016), work experience (p=0.021), health checkup (p=0.042) and for the occupational health injuries were monthly income(p=0.036), knowledge to prevent from health risk (p=0.001), gender (p=0.02), and knowledge of occupational health hazard (p=0.011), work experience (p= 0.025), work type (p=0.001), knowledge on PPEs ( p=0.034) and knowledge on work-related health risks (p= 0.027).Conclusion: Based on this study, its recommended to improve occupational health and safety practices. Awareness programs need to be focused to increase the knowledge on Occupational health hazards and safety practices to improve the utilization of PPEs..Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 56-72
Female infanticide in India and its relevance to Nepal
Authors: Vickery Michelle , Teijlingen Edwin Van
Published: February 2018

This paper offers a sociological analysis of female infanticide in India with the aim of provoking readers to consider similar issues in Nepal. India and Nepal have a close relationship; their citizens are able to travel freely between the two countries and they share many similarities in their cultural, religious and social traditions. This has meant that people and ideas are easily exchanged between the two, making it necessary to consider the Indian phenomenon of female infanticide in Nepalese context.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 79-85
Parental satisfaction with being present in the operating room during the induction of anesthesia prior to pediatric neurosurgical intervention: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Waseem Hena , Mazzamurro Rachael S. , Fisher Alec H. , Bhowmik Subasish , Zaman Rifat A. , Andrew Angeline , Bauer David F.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

Parental presence in the operating room during the induction of anesthesia (PPIA) has been shown to decrease parent and child anxiety and increase satisfaction with patient experience in outpatient otolaryngological procedures, such as tympanostomy tube placement. PPIA for other procedures, such as a major neurosurgical intervention, has been a practice at the authors’ institutions for many years. This practice is not universally accepted across the United States, and the potential benefits for patients and families have not been formally evaluated. The aim of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of parental and patient satisfaction with PPIA at the authors’ institution.

METHODS

All patients younger than 18 years who underwent surgical intervention at the authors’ institution between August 2013 and December 2015 were identified. All surgeries were performed by a single neurosurgeon. A random sample of 96 parents were contacted by telephone for a qualitative, semiscripted interview; 42 parents completed the interviews. The interview consisted of a validated satisfaction assessment in addition to a standardized open-ended questionnaire. Thematic analysis was performed until saturation was achieved, and responses were coded into the predominant themes. Member checking was performed, and a thick description was created.

RESULTS

The predominant themes identified with PPIA were 1) perception of induction as traumatizing or distressing to witness, 2) positive feelings regarding having been present, 3) satisfaction regarding the overall experience with surgery, 4) variable feelings in parents who decided not to attend induction, and 5) mixed feelings in the interactions with the care team. Parents expressed an array of positive, negative, and neutral impressions of the experience; however, overall, most experiences were positive. Most parents would choose PPIA again if their child required additional surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to evaluate the benefit of PPIA for pediatric neurosurgical patients. The results show a unique insight into medical communication and patient satisfaction with high-risk surgeries. PPIA may be able to help shape an environment of trust and increase satisfaction with perioperative care.
Sacral pedicle subtraction osteotomy for an extreme case of positive sagittal balance: case report
Authors: Ozturk Ali K. , Sullivan Patricia Zadnik , Arlet Vincent
Published: February 2018

The importance of sagittal spinal balance and lumbopelvic parameters is now well understood. The popularization of various osteotomies, including Smith-Peterson, Ponte, and pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs), as well as vertebral column resections, have greatly enhanced the spine surgeon’s ability to recognize and effectively treat sagittal imbalance. Yet rare circumstances remain, most notably in distal kyphotic deformities and patients with extremely elevated pelvic incidences, where these techniques remain inadequate. In this article, the authors describe a patient with severe sagittal imbalance despite multiple prior anterior and posterior reconstructive surgeries in which a sacral PSO was performed with good results. A description of this technique as well as a brief review of the literature is provided.
Reference Abstract Domains and Applications to String Analysis
Authors: Amadini Roberto , Gange Graeme , Gauthier François , Jordan Alexander , Schachte Peter , Søndergaard Harald , Stuckey Peter J. , Zhang Chenyi
Published: February 2018

Abstract interpretation is a well established theory that supports reasoning about the run-time behaviour of programs. It achieves tractable reasoning by considering abstractions of run-time states, rather than the states themselves. The chosen set of abstractions is referred to as the abstract domain. We develop a novel framework for combining (a possibly large number of) abstract domains. It achieves the effect of the so-called reduced product without requiring a quadratic number of functions to translate information among abstract domains. A central notion is a reference domain, a medium for information exchange. Our approach suggests a novel and simpler way to manage the integration of large numbers of abstract domains. We instantiate our framework in the context of string analysis. Browser-embedded dynamic programming languages such as JavaScript and PHP encourage the use of strings as a universal data type for both code and data values. The ensuing vulnerabilities have made string analysis a focus of much recent research. String analysis tends to combine many elementary string abstract domains, each designed to capture a specific aspect of strings. For this instance the set of regular languages, while too expensive to use directly for analysis, provides an attractive reference domain, enabling the efficient simulation of reduced products of multiple string abstract domains.
Improvement in activities of daily living after visual training in patients with homonymous visual field defects using Goal Attainment Scaling
Authors: Elshout Joris A. , Bergsma Douwe P. , Sibbel Jacqueline , Baars-Elsinga Annette , Lubbers Paula , Van Asten Freekje , Visser-Meily Johanna , Van Den Berg Albert V.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Stroke is the most common cause of homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs). Yet, there is no standard protocol for composing a rehabilitation program.

Objective:

In this study we assess ADL gain of visual training for vision restoration in HVFD patients by means of Goal Attainment Scaling.

Methods:

Thirty-five patients trained two predefined regions of the visual field successively at home. In each region we compared the effects of both training rounds, one of which was thus ‘directed’ and the other ‘undirected’. Visual fields were measured with Humphrey and Goldmann perimetry. QoL was assessed with three stroke-related questionnaires and ADL with Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS).

Results:

Visual training improved the visual field for both Goldmann (ECSG = 5.82±0.94 mm; p = <0.001; n = 31) and Humphrey (0.79±0.20 dB; p = <0.001; n = 28) perimetry. All standardized stroke questionnaires were significantly improved after training ( p < 0.039; n = 29), but showed no significant relation with either type of field improvement ( p > 0.359). About 75% of the patients improved on their (personalized) GAS score. Interestingly, after both training rounds the GAS score increased in proportion to the extent of visual field improvement, for Goldmann border shift ( p = 0.042; r = 0.38; n = 29) but not for Humphrey sensitivity increase ( p = 0.337; r = 0.192; n = 28). Multiple regression revealed that GAS score was linearly related to the directed training component for Humphrey perimetry, but not for undirected training.

Conclusion:

Together these data suggest that (1) visual training aimed at vision restoration leads to visual field improvement and (2) the extent of visual field improvement is linearly related to the improvement of personal activities of daily living as evaluated by means of GAS. In conclusion, a personalized evaluation to assess treatment success showed the clinical significance of a visual training for vision restoration.
Adaptive motor cortex plasticity following grip reconstruction in individuals with tetraplegia
Authors: Bunketorp Käll Lina , Cooper Robert J. , Wangdell Johanna , Fridén Jan , Björnsdotter Malin
Published: February 2018

Background:

Tendon transfer is a surgical technique for restoring upper limb motor control in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries (SCI), and offers a rare window into cortical neuroplasticity following regained arm and hand function.

Objective:

Here, we aimed to examine neuroplasticity mechanisms related to re-established voluntary motor control of thumb flexion following tendon transfer.

Methods:

We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that restored limb control following tendon transfer is mediated by activation of that limb’s area of the primary motor cortex. We examined six individuals with tetraplegia who underwent right-sided surgical grip reconstruction at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. All were right-handed males, with a SCI at the C6 or C7 level, and a mean age of 40 years (range = 31–48). The average number of years elapsed since the SCI was 13 (range = 6–26). Six right-handed gender- and age-matched control subjects were included (mean age 39 years, range = 29–46). Restoration of active thumb flexion in patients was achieved by surgical transfer of one of the functioning elbow flexors (brachioradialis), to the paralyzed thumb flexor (flexor pollicis longus). We studied fMRI responses to isometric right-sided elbow flexion and key pinch, and examined the cortical representations within the left hemisphere somatomotor cortex a minimum of one year after surgery.

Results:

Cortical activations elicited by elbow flexion did not differ in topography between patients and control participants. However, in contrast to control participants, patients’ cortical thumb flexion activations were not topographically distinct from their elbow flexion activations.

Conclusion:

This result speaks against a topographic reorganization in which the thumb region regains thumb control following surgical tendon transfer. Instead, our findings suggest a neuroplastic mechanism in which motor cortex resources previously dedicated to elbow flexion adapt to control the thumb.
Thrust Augmentation by Airframe-Integrated Linear-Spike Nozzle Concept for High-Speed Aircraft
Authors: Takahashi Hidemi , Munakata Toshihiko , Sato Shigeru
Published: February 2018

The airframe-integrated linear-spike nozzle concept applied to an external nozzle for high-speed aircraft was evaluated with regard to the thrust augmentation capability and the trim balance. The main focus was on the vehicle aftbody. The baseline airframe geometry was first premised to be a hypersonic waverider design. The baseline aftbody case had an external nozzle comprised of a simple divergent nozzle and was hypothetically replaced with linear-spike external nozzle configurations. Performance evaluation was mainly conducted by considering the nozzle thrust generated by the pressure distribution on the external nozzle surface at the aftbody portion calculated by computer simulation at a given cruise condition with zero angle of attack. The thrust performance showed that the proposed linear-spike external nozzle concept was beneficial in thrust enhancement compared to the baseline geometry because the design of the proposed concept had a compression wall for the exhaust flow, which resulted in increasing the wall pressure. The configuration with the boattail and the angled inner nozzle exhibited further improvement in thrust performance. The trim balance evaluation showed that the aerodynamic center location appeared as acceptable. Thus, benefits were obtained by employing the airframe-integrated linear-spike external nozzle concept.
Spatial Cognition and Range Use in Free-Range Laying Hens
Authors: Campbell Dana , Talk Andrew , Loh Ziyang , Dyall Tim , Lee Caroline
Published: February 2018

Radio-frequency identification tracking shows individual free-range laying hens vary in range use, with some never going outdoors. The range is typically more environmentally complex, requiring navigation to return to the indoor resources. Outdoor-preferring hens may have improved spatial abilities compared to indoor-preferring hens. Experiment 1 tested 32 adult ISA Brown hens in a T-maze learning task that showed exclusively-indoor birds were slowest to reach the learning success criterion (p < 0.05). Experiment 2 tested 117 pullets from enriched or non-enriched early rearing treatments (1 pen replicate per treatment) in the same maze at 15–16 or 17–18 weeks. Enriched birds reached learning success criterion faster at 15–16 weeks (p < 0.05) but not at 17–18 weeks (p > 0.05), the age that coincided with the onset of lay. Enriched birds that were faster to learn the maze task showed more range visits in the first 4 weeks of range access. Enriched and non-enriched birds showed no differences in telencephalon or hippocampal volume (p > 0.05). Fear may reduce spatial abilities but further testing with more pen replicates per early rearing treatments would improve our understanding of the relationship between spatial cognitive abilities and range use.
Visible and Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Cooking Loss Classification of Fresh Broiler Breast Fillets
Authors: Jiang Hongzhe , Wang Wei , Zhuang Hong , Yoon Seungchul , Li Yufeng , Yang Yi
Published: February 2018

Cooking loss (CL) is a critical quality attribute directly relating to meat juiciness. The potential of the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique was investigated for non-invasively classifying and visualizing the CL of fresh broiler breast meat. Hyperspectral images of total 75 fresh broiler breast fillets were acquired by the system operating in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR, 400–1000 nm) range. Mean spectra were extracted from regions of interest (ROIs) determined by pure muscle tissue pixels. CL was firstly measured by calculating the weight loss in cooking, and then fillets were grouped into high-CL and low-CL according to the threshold of 20%. The classification methods partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and radial basis function-support vector machine (RBF-SVM) were applied, respectively, to determine the optimal spectral calibration strategy. Results showed that the PLS-DA model developed using the data, that is, first-order derivative (Der1) of VNIR full spectra, performed best with correct classification rates (CCRs) of 0.90 and 0.79 for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. Furthermore, to simplify the optimal PLS-DA model and make it practical, effective wavelengths were individually selected using uninformative variable elimination (UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). Through performance comparison, the CARS-PLS-DA combination was identified as the optimal method and the PLS-DA model built with 18 informative wavelengths selected by CARS resulted in good CCRs of 0.86 and 0.79. Finally, classification maps were created by predicting CL categories of each pixel in the VNIR hyperspectral images using the CARS-PLS-DA model, and the general CL categories of fillets were readily discernible. The overall results were encouraging and showed the promising potential of the VNIR HSI technique for classifying fresh broiler breast fillets into different CL categories.
Induction Thermography for Surface Crack Detection and Depth Determination
Authors: Oswald-Tranta Beate
Published: February 2018

In the last few years, induction thermography has been established as a non-destructive testing method for localizing surface cracks in metals. The sample to be inspected is heated with a short induced electrical current pulse, and the infrared camera records—during and after the heating pulse—the temperature distribution at the surface. Transforming the temporal temperature development for each pixel to phase information makes not only highly reliable detection of the cracks possible but also allows an estimation of its depth. Finite element simulations were carried out to investigate how the phase contrast depends on parameters such as excitation frequency, pulse duration, material parameters, crack depth, and inclination angle of the crack. From these results, generalized functions for the dependency of the phase difference on all these parameters were derived. These functions can be used as an excellent guideline as to how measurement parameters should be optimized for a given material to be able to detect cracks and estimate their depth. Several experiments on different samples were also carried out, and the results compared with the simulations showed very good agreement.
Metal Carbides for Biomass Valorization
Authors: Chan-Thaw Carine , Villa Alberto
Published: February 2018

Transition metal carbides have been utilized as an alternative catalyst to expensive noble metals for the conversion of biomass. Tungsten and molybdenum carbides have been shown to be effective catalysts for hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization reactions. The satisfactory activities of these metal carbides and their low costs, compared with noble metals, make them appealing alternatives and worthy of further investigation. In this review, we succinctly describe common synthesis techniques, including temperature-programmed reaction and carbothermal hydrogen reduction, utilized to prepare metal carbides used for biomass transformation. Attention will be focused, successively, on the application of transition metal carbide catalysts in the transformation of first-generation (oils) and second-generation (lignocellulose) biomass to biofuels and fine chemicals.
Aerodynamics and Motion Performance of the H-Type Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Guo Ying , Liu Liqin , Gao Xifeng , Xu Wanhai
Published: February 2018

Aerodynamics and motion performance of the floating vertical wind turbine (VAWT) were studied in this paper, where the wind turbine was H-type and the floating foundation was truss spar type. Based on the double-multiple-stream-tube theory, the formulae were deduced to calculate the aerodynamic loads acting on the wind turbine considering the motions of the floating foundation. The surge-heave-pitch nonlinear coupling equations of the H-type floating VAWT were established. Aerodynamics and motion performance of a 5 MW H-type floating VAWT was studied, and the effect of the floating foundation motions on the aerodynamic loads was analyzed. It is shown that the motions of the floating foundation on the aerodynamics cannot be ignored. The motion of the H-type floating VAWT was also compared with that of the Φ-type floating VAWT: they have the same floating foundation, rated output power, mooring system and total displacement. The results show that the H-type floating VAWT has better motion performance, and the mean values of surge, heave and pitch of the H-type floating VAWT are much smaller comparing with the Φ-type floating VAWT.
Immersion Freezing of Total Ambient Aerosols and Ice Residuals
Authors: Kulkarni Gourihar
Published: February 2018

This laboratory study evaluates an experimental set-up to study the immersion freezing properties of ice residuals (IRs) at a temperature ranging from −26 to −34 °C using two continuous-flow diffusion chamber-style ice nucleation chambers coupled with a virtual impactor and heat exchanger. Ice was nucleated on the total ambient aerosol through an immersion freezing mechanism in an ice nucleation chamber (chamber 1). The larger ice crystals formed in chamber 1 were separated and sublimated to obtain IRs, and the frozen fraction of these IRs was investigated in a second ice nucleation chamber (chamber 2). The ambient aerosol was sampled from a sampling site located in the Columbia Plateau region, WA, USA, which is subjected to frequent windblown dust events, and only particles less than 1.5 μm in diameter were investigated. Single-particle elemental composition analyses of the total ambient aerosols showed that the majority of the particles are dust particles coated with organic matter. This study demonstrated a capability to investigate the ice nucleation properties of IRs to better understand the nature of Ice Nucleating Particles (INPs) in the ambient atmosphere.
Personal Exposure to PM2.5 in the Megacity of Mexico: A Multi-Mode Transport Study
Authors: Hernández-Paniagua Iván , Andraca-Ayala Gema , Diego-Ayala Ulises , Ruiz-Suarez Luis , Zavala-Reyes Juan , Cid-Juárez Silvia , Torre-Bouscoulet Luis , Gochicoa-Rangel Laura , Rosas-Pérez Irma , Jazcilevich Arón
Published: February 2018

Recurrent personal exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with adverse human health effects, in particular on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Here, we present an assessment of personal exposure and inhalation of PM2.5 for five modes of transport (walking, cycling, public bus (trolleybus and diesel bus), conventional car (CC) and hybrid-electric car (HEC)) and two routes of similar distance, along a major road in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA). Arithmetic average exposure concentrations ranged from 16.5 ± 6.5 µg m−3 for walking to 81.7 ± 9.1 µg m−3 for cycling (henceforth shown as average ±1 SD), with no significant differences with geometric averages. The maximum exposure concentration of 110.9 µg m−3 was observed for the conventional car. The highest exposure concentrations depended on route and the mode of transport, being observed for cycling and walking. The PM2.5 measurements showed large spatial heterogeneity in the exposure levels for walking and cycling, while public buses and private transport showed less spatial heterogeneity. The greatest peaks in PM2.5 coincided with 4-way intersections for all modes of transport, being positively influenced by traffic density. The mass of PM2.5 inhaled depended mostly on the mode of transport, and ranged between 1.0 ± 0.3 and 30.1 ± 14.2 µg km−1 for the HEC and bicycle, respectively. Local area PM2.5 increments identified as ‘residuals’ after subtraction of data recorded at the closest fixed monitoring site from exposure concentrations along the studied road suggested that inhalation for bicycle and diesel buses is strongly influenced by vehicular emissions. Residuals estimated for the trolleybus, CC and HEC confirmed a lower inhalation than for the other modes of transport evaluated due to protection by the cabin.