bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Timing of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Treated Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Masaki Kou , Miyazaki Motoyasu , Kakimoto Hideki , Fukiage Yuma , Fukue Haruka , Nakashima Akio , Imakyure Osamu
Published: December 2023

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective against various cancers; however, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported and the timing and risk factors are unknown. Therefore, we examined the incidence and timing of irAE occurrence. Methods: Patients who received ICIs at our hospital between 1 April 2016 and 31 March 2020 were enrolled. Patients were classified into an irAE group or non-irAE group. In addition, we examined the onset time and symptoms of irAEs for each ICI type. Results: A total of 80 patients received ICIs, of which 27 (33.8%) developed irAEs. The incidence of irAEs was 35.3% for nivolumab, 35.5% for pembrolizumab, and 28.6% for atezolizumab. The incidence of pneumonitis was 12.5%, 8.8% for dermatologic adverse events, and 6.3% for thyroid dysfunction. The earliest case of onset was after the 1st course, and the latest cases occurred after the 66th course. By the sixth course, 69% of the irAEs occurred. The positive rates for anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were higher in the irAE group compared to the non-irAE group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a high probability of irAEs occurring early in ICI treatment, with a diverse range of symptoms. This underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and tailored patient management during the initial courses of ICI therapy.
Artificial Intelligence-Powered Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Analysis Using the LVivoEF Tool for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Dadon Ziv , Steinmetz Yoed , Levi Nir , Orlev Amir , Belman Daniel , Butnaru Adi , Carasso Shemy , Glikson Michael , Alpert Evan Avraham , Gottlieb Shmuel
Published: December 2023

We sought to prospectively investigate the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based tool for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment using a hand-held ultrasound device (HUD) in COVID-19 patients and to examine whether reduced LVEF predicts the composite endpoint of in-hospital death, advanced ventilatory support, shock, myocardial injury, and acute decompensated heart failure. COVID-19 patients were evaluated with a real-time LVEF assessment using an HUD equipped with an AI-based tool vs. assessment by a blinded fellowship-trained echocardiographer. Among 42 patients, those with LVEF < 50% were older with more comorbidities and unfavorable exam characteristics. An excellent correlation was demonstrated between the AI and the echocardiographer LVEF assessment (0.774, p < 0.001). Substantial agreement was demonstrated between the two assessments (kappa = 0.797, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the HUD for this threshold were 72.7% 100%, 100%, and 91.2%, respectively. AI-based LVEF < 50% was associated with worse composite endpoints; unadjusted OR = 11.11 (95% CI 2.25–54.94), p = 0.003; adjusted OR = 6.40 (95% CI 1.07–38.09, p = 0.041). An AI-based algorithm incorporated into an HUD can be utilized reliably as a decision support tool for automatic real-time LVEF assessment among COVID-19 patients and may identify patients at risk for unfavorable outcomes. Future larger cohorts should verify the association with outcomes.
Effects of Adaptations in an Interdisciplinary Follow-Up Clinic for People with Spinal Cord Injury in the Chronic Phase: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tijsse Klasen Julia , van Diemen Tijn , Langerak Nelleke G. , van Nes Ilse J. W.
Published: December 2023

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) often experience secondary health conditions (SHCs), which are addressed during interdisciplinary follow-up clinics. We adapted the design of our clinic, by introducing a questionnaire concerning functioning and SHCs, additional measurements of blood pressure and saturation, and participants were seen by either a specialized nurse or rehabilitation physician. In this study, we investigated the effects of these adaptations and the experienced satisfaction of the participants. The results showed an increased number of recommendations in the adapted design, compared to the initial design. Further, the nature of the recommendations shifted from somatic issues to recommendations regarding psychosocial functioning and regarding (the use of) devices. The added measurements revealed an average high systolic blood pressure, which led to more referrals to the general practitioner. The clinical weight and pulmonary functions stayed stable over time. The current adaptations in design expanded and optimized the number and nature of recommendations regarding SHCs to participants. The questionnaire helps the participant to prepare for the clinic and the professionals to tailor their recommendations, resulting in highly satisfied participants.
Leadless Pacemaker Infection Risk in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Bertolino Lorenzo , Florio Letizia Lucia , Patauner Fabian , Gallo Raffaella , Peluso Anna Maria , Scafuri Antonio , De Vivo Stefano , Corrado Carmelina , Zampino Rosa , Ruocco Giuseppe , D’Onofrio Antonio , Durante-Mangoni Emanuele
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Leadless pacemakers (LPs) have been proposed as a reimplantation strategy in pacing-dependent patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) extraction for infection. In this study, we analysed the risk of LP infection when this device is implanted before lead extraction. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients who underwent LP implantation between 2017 and 2022. Patients were divided in two groups according to whether LP was implanted following CIED extraction for infection (Group 1) or other indications (Group 2). The primary aim was to describe the risk of LP infection. (3) Results: We included in this study 49 patients with a median age of 81 [20–94] years, mostly males (36, 73%). In Group 1 patients, 17 cases (85%) showed systemic CIED infections, and 11 (55%) had positive lead cultures. Most Group 1 cases (n = 14, 70%) underwent one stage of LP implantation and CIED extraction. Mortality rate during follow-up was 20% (nine patients). Patients were followed up for a median of 927 [41–1925], days and no cases of definite or suspected LP infections were identified. (4) Conclusions: The risk of LP infection was extremely low. LP appears as a potential option for reimplantation in this setting and should be considered in pacing-dependent patients at a high risk of CIED infection recurrence.
Advances and Trends in Channel Codes for Underwater Acoustic Communications
Authors: Zhao Yanfeng , Hao Shuaifeng , Tong Feng , Zhou Yuehai , Chen Dongsheng
Published: December 2023

Due to the simultaneous existence of severe difficulties caused by multi-path, Doppler, and environmental noise caused by underwater acoustic channels, designing a stable and reliable underwater acoustic communication system (UWACS) is a challenging task. In addition to channel estimation and equalization, the technique of channel codes, which is capable of approaching Shannon’s capacity at a low encoding and decoding complexity, offers an efficient and reliable solution to improve the performance of the UWACS and thus draws extensive attention from the research community. By seeking a balance between communication efficiency and channel tolerance via multiple coding rate tuning, it has been recognized that the rate-compatible codes can achieve smooth rate-adaptive transmission under highly diverse underwater acoustic channel states. While there has been a substantial number of investigations on rate-compatible channel codes for the UWACS, in this paper, the research of rate-compatible channel codes has been summarized, reviewed, and compared, mainly focusing on the low-density parity-check (LDPC) and polar codes, which render flexibility in terms of code length and rate. Furthermore, typical research was evaluated and compared from the practical viewpoint of performance under real noise in a shallow water environment. Finally, problems encountered by the LDPC and polar codes for the UWACS were highlighted, and several future research issues were discussed.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny Reveal Five New Species of Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) from Southern China
Authors: Zhang Ming , Gao Xue-Lian , Mu Li-Qin , Deng Wang-Qiu
Published: December 2023

The genus Laccaria is a type of cosmopolitan and ecologically important fungal group. Members can form ectomycorrhizal associations with numerous trees, and some species are common edible fungi in local markets. Although some new species from China are recently published, the species diversity of Laccaria is still unclear in China. In this study, some samples of Laccaria were collected from southern China, and morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the multilocus dataset of ITS-LSU-tef1-rpb2 confirmed five new species. Laccaria miniata, L. nanlingensis and L. neovinaceoavellanea were collected from subtropical broad-leaved forests, and L. rufobrunnea and L. umbilicata were collected from subtropical mixed forests of southwest China. Full descriptions, illustrations, comparisons with similar species and phylogenetic analysis are provided.
CO2 Laser versus Sham Control for the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Prodromidou Anastasia , Zacharakis Dimitrios , Athanasiou Stavros , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Varthaliti Antonia , Douligeris Athanasios , Michala Lina , Athanasiou Veatriki , Salvatore Stefano , Grigoriadis Themos
Published: December 2023

In the context of the menopausal transition, genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) refers to a range of genitourinary symptoms, from vaginal dryness to dysuria and urinary urgency. While hormonal treatments are standard, their associated side effects have driven the exploration of alternatives like vaginal CO2 laser. We aimed to evaluate the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vaginal CO2 laser treatment for GSM to sham controls. This systematic review sourced four electronic databases until June 2023. The analysis incorporated seven RCTs with 407 women. The CO2 laser and sham control were comparable for most parameters, including the female sexual function index (FSFI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for dyspareunia, vaginal health index, pH, and patient satisfaction. However, the CO2 laser group showed significant improvement in the vaginal assessment scale for GSM symptoms. Sensitivity analyses revealed that parameters like FSFI showed significant differences in favor of CO2 laser group upon the exclusion of specific studies. In conclusion, vaginal CO2 laser therapy emerges as a promising alternative for GSM management, especially for most bothersome GSM symptoms; however, the need for further well-designed RCTs remains to validate its broad safety and efficacy.
Monte Carlo Sensitivities Using the Absolute Measure-Valued Derivative Method
Authors: Joshi Mark , Kwon Oh Kang , Satchell Stephen
Published: December 2023

Measure-valued differentiation (MVD) is a relatively new method for computing Monte Carlo sensitivities, relying on a decomposition of the derivative of transition densities of the underlying process into a linear combination of probability measures. In computing the sensitivities, additional paths are generated for each constituent distribution and the payoffs from these paths are combined to produce sample estimates. The method generally produces sensitivity estimates with lower variance than the finite difference and likelihood ratio methods, and can be applied to discontinuous payoffs in contrast to the pathwise differentiation method. However, these benefits come at the expense of an additional computational burden. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, called the absolute measure-valued differentiation (AMVD) method, which expresses the derivative of the transition density at each simulation step as a single density rather than a linear combination. It is computationally more efficient than the MVD method and can result in sensitivity estimates with lower variance. Analytic and numerical examples are provided to compare the variance in the sensitivity estimates of the AMVD method against alternative methods.
Research on Splash Lubrication Characteristics of a Spiral Bevel Gearbox Based on the MPS Method
Authors: Shen Longjiang , Zhu Yingmou , Shao Shuai , Zhou Huajin , Wang Zhengyang
Published: December 2023

In order to accurately and efficiently analyze the distribution law and motion status of lubricating oil in the spiral bevel gearbox of the electric multiple unit (EMU), a high-fidelity 3D CFD model of the spiral bevel gearbox of the EMU was established for the first time. The moving particle semi-implicit method was used to visualize the lubricating-oil flow field distribution characteristics of the gearbox. The distribution characteristics of lubricating oil in the gearbox with varying gear rotation speeds, initial lubricating-oil volume levels and oil temperatures were analyzed. It was found that the initial lubricating-oil volume is the factor with the largest influence, while the influences of gear rotation speed and oil temperature are relatively small. By analyzing the churning loss under various simulation conditions, it was found that the churning loss is positively correlated with the gear rotation speed and initial oil volume, and is more affected by the initial oil volume. The churning loss is negatively correlated with the oil temperature, and both are nonlinear relationships. The proportion of churning loss related to the driven gear is higher compared to that of the driving gear. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent optimization of the gearbox.
A Narrative Review on Polycrystalline Ceramics for Dental Applications and Proposed Update of a Classification System
Authors: Benalcázar-Jalkh Ernesto B. , Bergamo Edmara T. P. , Campos Tiago M. B. , Coelho Paulo G. , Sailer Irena , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Alves Larissa M. M. , Witek Lukasz , Tebcherani Sérgio M. , Bonfante Estevam A.
Published: December 2023

Dental zirconias have been broadly utilized in dentistry due to their high mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Although initially introduced in dentistry as an infrastructure material, the high rate of technical complications related to veneered porcelain has led to significant efforts to improve the optical properties of dental zirconias, allowing for its monolithic indication. Modifications in the composition, processing methods/parameters, and the increase in the yttrium content and cubic phase have been presented as viable options to improve zirconias’ translucency. However, concerns regarding the hydrothermal stability of partially stabilized zirconia and the trade-off observed between optical and mechanical properties resulting from the increased cubic content remain issues of concern. While the significant developments in polycrystalline ceramics have led to a wide diversity of zirconia materials with different compositions, properties, and clinical indications, the implementation of strong, esthetic, and sufficiently stable materials for long-span fixed dental prostheses has not been completely achieved. Alternatives, including advanced polycrystalline composites, functionally graded structures, and nanosized zirconia, have been proposed as promising pathways to obtain high-strength, hydrothermally stable biomaterials. Considering the evolution of zirconia ceramics in dentistry, this manuscript aims to present a critical perspective as well as an update to previous classifications of dental restorative ceramics, focusing on polycrystalline ceramics, their properties, indications, and performance.
Using the Radial Shear Rolling Method for Fast and Deep Processing Technology of a Steel Ingot Cast Structure
Authors: Arbuz Alexandr , Kawalek Anna , Panichkin Alexandr , Ozhmegov Kirill , Popov Fedor , Lutchenko Nikita
Published: December 2023

In advancing special materials, seamless integration into existing production chains is paramount. Beyond creating improved alloy compositions, precision in processing methods is crucial to preserve desired properties without drawbacks. The synergy between alloy formulation and processing techniques is pivotal for maximizing the benefits of innovative materials. By focusing on advanced deep processing technology for small ingots of modified 12% Cr stainless steel, this paper delves into the transformation of cast ingot steel structures using radial shear rolling (RSR) processing. Through a series of nine passes, rolling ingots from a 32 mm to a 13 mm diameter with a total elongation factor of 6.02, a notable shift occurred. This single-operation process effectuated a substantial change in sample structure, transitioning from a coarse-grained cast structure (0.5–1.5 mm) to an equiaxed fine-grained structure with peripheral grain sizes of 1–4 μm and an elongated rolling texture in the axial part of the bar. The complete transformation of the initial cast dendritic structure validates the implementation of the RSR method for the deep processing of ingots.
Effect of High-Pressure Torsion on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of a High-Entropy TiZrHfMoCrCo Alloy
Authors: Gornakova Alena S. , Kabirova Dilara B. , Korneva Anna , Straumal Boris , Imayev Marcel F. , Kuzmin Alexei , Czaja Paweł , Afonikova Natalia S. , Orlov Valeriy I. , Nekrasov Alexei N. , Khayretdinov Nafis F. , Davdian Gregory
Published: December 2023

This investigation delved into the alterations in the mechanical properties of a TiZrHfMoCrCo high-entropy alloy due to phase transformations induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT). The alloy’s genesis involved levitation melting within an argon atmosphere, presenting two distinct states for analysis: the initial, post-manufacturing state and the state subsequent to HPT treatment. The original alloy featured a composition comprising a singular A2 phase with a bcc lattice and two Laves phases, C15 and C14. The HPT process triggered significant phase modifications: a retention of one C15 Laves phase and decomposition of the bcc phase into two distinct phases exhibiting different bcc lattice parameters. The HPT-induced effect prominently manifests as strong grain refinement. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations unveiled persistent inhomogeneities at a micron scale both before and after HPT treatment. Thus, grain refinement occurs separately within each of the bcc and Laves phases, visible in the light, dark, and gray areas in SEM images, while mixing does not occur on the scale of several microns. The examination of Ti, Cr, Co, Zr, Mo, and Hf via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) at specific K-edges and L3-edge revealed that the HPT treatment conserves the local atomic environment of metal atoms, albeit with a slight elevation in static disorder. Assessments through microhardness and three-point bending tests demonstrated the material’s inherent hardness and brittleness. The microhardness, standing at a substantial value of 600 HV, displayed negligible augmentation post-HPT. However, the microhardness of individual phases exhibited a notable alteration, nearly doubling in magnitude.
Dimensional Optimization of a Modular Robot Manipulator
Authors: Li Xianhua , Qiu Xun , Lin Fengtao , Fei Sixian , Song Tao
Published: December 2023

The mechanism parameters of the manipulator not only have a great influence on the size of the working space but also affect flexible performance distribution. Aimed at obtaining a 6 DOF modular manipulator, mechanism parameters were optimized in order to explore the effect of upper arm and forearm dimensions on the end dexterity of the manipulator. First, forward kinematic equations were derived using the DH method, and the Jacobian matrix of the manipulator was solved. Second, three indicators, including the condition number index, structural length index, and global conditioning index, were employed as optimization indicators for the mechanism parameters of the manipulator, and an orthogonal experiment was designed based on the Grey–Taguchi method and robot toolbox. Third, the grey relational analysis method was used to process the experimental results, and the grey relational grade for each group was solved. Last, the variation curve between the grey relational grade and the parameter level of each mechanism was drawn, and optimized mechanical arm mechanism parameters were derived. It was found that although the overall dimension of the manipulator was slightly decreased, as determined via comparing the original and optimized manipulator length, the performance indexes were improved. The results not only verified the correctness of the proposed optimization method but also laid a foundation for subsequent research on the dynamic performance of modular robot systems.
Development of a Restraint System for Rear-Facing Car Seats
Authors: Yavuz Samet , Himmetoglu Selcuk
Published: December 2023

In self-driving vehicles, passengers can set their seats in an unconventional seating position, such as rear-facing. Sitting in such an orientation can increase the risk of whiplash in the head-and-neck system in a frontal impact, as frontal crashes usually have higher severities compared with rear-end crashes. This paper shows that a forward-facing front seat optimised for rear-impact protection needs to be redesigned to be used as a rear-facing seat. In the second and main part of this paper, a restraint system for rear-facing car seats is developed, and frontal impact simulations with 64 km/h of delta-V are used to evaluate its performance. The designed seating system comprises two rigid torso plates, a fixed recliner and an energy absorber under the seat pan. Without using the developed restraint system, the 50th percentile male human model is exposed to neck shear forces exceeding 600 N. With the developed restraint system, neck shear forces are less than 350 N in frontal impacts with 64 km/h of delta-V. Apart from whiplash, the risk of head, chest, lower extremity and lower back injuries are also evaluated. The results confirm that the developed restraint system successfully protects the occupant since all assessment criteria values are lower than the injury assessment reference values.
A Note on Extension of Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Zheng Dingwei , He Qingming
Published: December 2023

In this note, we prove that for two compatible fuzzy metrics MH and MK on H and K, respectively, there exists a fuzzy metric M on H⋃K such that M|H=MH and M|K=MK under the conditions that t-norm ∗ is positive and fuzzy metrics MH,MK are strong, or t-norm ∗ is positive and t-norm ∗, fuzzy metrics MH,MK satisfy the Lipschitz conditions.
Effects of NaHCO3 Stress on Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Physiology, Biochemistry, and Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities
Authors: Liu Lulu , Chen Yu , Zhang Liwen , Bi Xueqi , Meng Fanjuan , Luo Qiuxiang
Published: December 2023

Soil salinization has become an ecological and environmental problem that cannot be ignored. Tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a leguminous tree with characteristics of drought and saline-alkali tolerance. Rhizosphere bacteria are the primary functional microorganisms within the plant root system, and they play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of saline-alkali stress on the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of black locusts. In this study, we applied 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaHCO3 stress to diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) black locusts for 16 days. We used 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the changes in the rhizosphere bacterial communities. Furthermore, we evaluated soil enzyme activity and plant physiological characteristics to explore the response of rhizosphere bacteria to NaHCO3 stress. The results demonstrated that the 4× plant exhibited superior alkali resistance compared to its 2× plant counterpart under NaHCO3 stress. Simultaneously, it was observed that low concentrations of NaHCO3 stress notably increased the abundance of rhizosphere bacteria in both plant types, while reducing their diversity. The impact of stress on the rhizosphere bacterial community weakened as the stress concentration increased. The application of NaHCO3 stress caused a significant change in the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Additionally, alkaline salt stress influences the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, which are linked to soil enzyme activities. These data will help us better understand the relationship between the dominant rhizosphere bacterial community and black locust. They will also provide a reference for further improving the alkali resistance of black locust by enhancing the soil bacterial community.
Dynamic Interactions between Diarrhoeagenic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Presumptive Probiotic Bacteria: Implications for Gastrointestinal Health
Authors: Agbemavor Wisdom Selorm Kofi , Buys Elna Maria
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the temporal dynamics of bacterial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on how probiotic strains and pathogenic bacteria influence each other and human health. This research explores adhesion, competitive exclusion, displacement, and inhibition of selected diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (D-EAEC) and potential probiotic strains under various conditions. Key findings reveal that adhesion is time-dependent, with both D-EAEC K2 and probiotic L. plantarum FS2 showing increased adhesion over time. Surprisingly, L. plantarum FS2 outperformed D-EAEC K2 in adhesion and exhibited competitive exclusion and displacement, with inhibition of adhesion surpassing competitive exclusion. This highlights probiotics’ potential to slow pathogen attachment when not in competition. Pre-infecting with L. plantarum FS2 before pathogenic infection effectively inhibited adhesion, indicating probiotics’ ability to prevent pathogen attachment. Additionally, adhesion correlated strongly with interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, linking it to the host’s inflammatory response. Conversely, IL-8 secretion negatively correlated with trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), suggesting a connection between tight junction disruption and increased inflammation. These insights offer valuable knowledge about the temporal dynamics of gut bacteria interactions and highlight probiotics’ potential in competitive exclusion and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, contributing to strategies for maintaining gastrointestinal health and preventing infections.
Differential Regulation of TFEB-Induced Autophagy during Mtb Infection and Starvation
Authors: Dwivedi Richa , Baindara Piyush
Published: December 2023

Through the promotion of phagolysosome formation, autophagy has emerged as a crucial mechanism to eradicate intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A cell-autonomous host defense mechanism called lysosome biogenesis and autophagy transports cytoplasmic cargos and bacterial phagosomes to lysosomes for destruction during infection. Similar occurrences occurred in stressful or starvation circumstances and led to autophagy, which is harmful to the cell. It is interesting to note that under both hunger and infection states, the transcription factor EB (TFEB) acts as a master regulator of lysosomal activities and autophagy. This review highlighted recent research on the multitier regulation of TFEB-induced autophagy by a variety of host effectors and Mtb sulfolipid during Mtb infection and starvation. In general, the research presented here sheds light on how lysosome biogenesis and autophagy are differentially regulated by the TFEB during Mtb infection and starvation.
Mechanistic Insights into a Novel Controllable Phase-Transition Polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Mature Waterflooding Reservoirs
Authors: Yang Yong , Cao Xiaopeng , Ji Yanfeng , Zou Ruqiang
Published: December 2023

Expanding swept volume technology via continuous-phase polymer solution and dispersed-phase particle gel is an important technique to increase oil production and control water production in mature waterflooding reservoirs. However, problems such as the low viscosity retention rate, deep migration, and weak mobility control of conventional polymers, and the contradiction between migration distance of particle gel and plugging strength, restrict the long-term effectiveness of oil displacement agents and the in-depth sweep efficiency expanding capability in reservoirs. Combined with the technical advantages of polymer and particle gel, a novel controllable phase-transition polymer was developed and systematically studied to gain mechanistic insights into enhanced oil recovery for mature waterflooding reservoirs. To reveal the phase-transition mechanism, the molecular structure, morphology, and rheological properties of the controllable phase-transition polymer were characterized before and after phase transition. The propagation behavior of the controllable phase-transition polymer in porous media was studied by conducting long core flow experiments. Two-dimensional micro visualization and parallel core flooding experiments were performed to investigate the EOR mechanism from porous media to pore level. Results show that the controllable phase-transition polymer could change phase from dispersed-phase particle gel to continuous-phase solution with the prolongation of ageing time. The controllable phase-transition polymer exhibited phase-transition behavior and good propagation capability in porous media. The results of micro visualization flooding experiments showed that the incremental oil recovery of the controllable phase-transition polymer was highest when a particle gel and polymer solution coexisted, followed by a pure continuous-phase polymer solution and pure dispersed-phase particle gel suspension. The recovery rate of the novel controllable phase-transition polymer was 27.2% after waterflooding, which was 8.9% higher than that of conventional polymer, providing a promising candidate for oilfield application.
Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Reducing the Effects of Paternal Obesity and Preventing Fatty Liver in Offspring
Authors: Shrestha Akriti , Dellett Sarah Katherine , Yang Junhui , Sharma Upasna , Ramalingam Latha
Published: December 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious public health concern, which calls for appropriate diet/nutrition intervention. Fish oil (FO) has several benefits in reducing obesity, but its intergenerational role in reducing the effects of paternal obesity has not been established. Hence, we hypothesized that FO supplementation to an obese father during the pre-conceptional period could improve the metabolic health of the offspring, specifically in the liver. Three groups of male mice were fed with a low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF), or high-fat diet supplemented with FO (HF-FO) for 10 weeks and were then allowed to mate with female mice fed a chow diet. Offspring were sacrificed at 16 weeks. The liver tissue was harvested for genomic and histological analyses. The offspring of HF and HF-FO fathers were heavier compared to that of the LF mice during 9–16 weeks. The glucose tolerance of the offspring of HF-FO fathers were significantly improved as compared to the offspring of HF fathers. Paternal FO supplementation significantly lowered inflammation and fatty acid synthesis biomarkers and increased fatty acid oxidation biomarkers in the offspring liver. In summary, FO supplementation in fathers shows the potential to reduce metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through genetic means in offspring.
Health Economic Evaluation of a Controlled Lifestyle Intervention: The Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (Cohort 2; HLCP-2)
Authors: Kranz Ragna-Marie , Kettler Carmen , Koeder Christian , Husain Sarah , Anand Corinna , Schoch Nora , Englert Heike
Published: December 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Inhibitory Activity of the Efflux Pump of Essential Oils from Croton piauhiensis Müll.
Authors: Cruz Beatriz Gonçalves , de Freitas Thiago Sampaio , Costa Maria do Socorro , da Silva Ana Raquel Pereira , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , de Morais Selene Maia , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Teixeira Alexandre Magno Rodrigues , Silva dos Santos Hélcio
Published: December 2023

As the spread of bacterial resistance to clinically available antibiotics has become a global public health problem, the scientific community has intensified its studies in the search for natural compounds and their derivatives to combat bacterial resistance. In this work, a circadian study of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Croton piauhiensis (EOCP) was carried out. We also sought to evaluate its antibacterial activity, modulatory potential and if it acts as a possible inhibitor of the efflux pump by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the association of the oil in subinhibitory concentrations with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and with ethidium bromide (EtBr) against the strain of Staphylococcus aureus K2068 strain. The assays used to obtain the MIC of the EOCP were performed by broth microdilution, while the efflux pump inhibitory test was performed by the MIC modification method. According to the results, the circadian study showed differences in the chemical composition and percentage of oils collected at different times of the day, which can be attributed to environmental conditions. The main components of the EOCP were β-caryophyllene (6 h—21.23%; 12 h—22.86% and 18 h—16.95%), followed by D-Limonene (6 h—13.27% and 18 h—15.95%) and γ-Elemene (12 h)—12.61%). The EOCP collected at 12 h had a better profile in reducing MIC, presenting antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the efflux pump test, it was observed that the oil was able to potentiate the action of ethidium bromide against the S. aureus K2068 strain, which can contribute to the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
The Correlations between the Intensity of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 11 Staining and Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kim Jae Heon , Yang Hee Jo , Lee Kwang Woo , Park Jae Joon , Lee Chang-Ho , Jeon Youn Soo , Kim Jae Ho , Park Suyeon , Song Su Jung , Lee Ji-Hye , Moon Ahrim , Kim Yon Hee , Song Yun Seob
Published: December 2023

Background: Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), one of the principal phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deubiquitinases, can reserve PTEN polyubiquitination to maintain PTEN protein integrity and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between immunohistochemical USP11 staining intensities and prognostic indicators in individuals with prostate cancer. Methods: Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were performed for human prostate cancer and normal tissue (control) samples. Data on patient’s age, Gleason score, plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) titer, disease stage, and presence of seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, and surgical margin involvement were collected. A pathologist who was blinded to the clinical outcome data scored the TMA for USP11 staining intensity as either positive or negative. Results: Cancerous tissues exhibited lower USP11 staining intensity, whereas the neighboring benign peri-tumoral tissues showed higher USP11 staining intensity. The degree of USP11 staining intensity was lower in patients with a higher PSA titer, higher Gleason score, or more advanced disease stage. Patients who showed positive USP11 staining were more likely to have more optimal clinical and biochemical recurrence-free survival statistics. Conclusions: USP11 staining intensity in patients with prostate cancer is negatively associated with several prognostic factors such as an elevated PSA titer and a high Gleason score. It also reflects both biochemical and clinical recurrence-free survival in such patients. Thus, USP11 staining is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer.
Multiwavelength Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for an In Situ Analysis of Kidney Stones
Authors: Tseregorodtseva Polina S. , Budylin Gleb S. , Zlobina Nadezhda V. , Gevorkyan Zare A. , Filatova Daria A. , Tsigura Daria A. , Armaganov Artashes G. , Strigunov Andrey A. , Nesterova Olga Y. , Kamalov David M. , Afanasyevskaya Elizaveta V. , Mershina Elena A. , Sorokin Nikolay I. , Sinitsyn Valentin E. , Kamalov Armais A. , Shirshin Evgeny A.
Published: December 2023

This study explores the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy for real-time kidney stone identification during laser lithotripsy. Traditional methods are not suitable for in situ analysis, so the research focuses on optical techniques that can be integrated with lithotripsy fibers. Experiments were conducted ex vivo, using DRS and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy (emission–excitation matrix (EEM)) to distinguish between 48 urinary stones of three types: urate, oxalate and hydroxyapatite, with infrared spectroscopy as a reference. A classification model was developed based on EEM and DRS data. Initial classification relying solely on EEM data achieved an f1-score of 87%, which increased to 92% when DRS data were included. The findings suggest that optical spectroscopy can effectively determine stone composition during laser lithotripsy, potentially enhancing surgical outcomes via the real-time automatic optimization of laser radiation parameters.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Luminescent and Scintillation Properties of Thick ZnO Films Fabricated by Sputtering of a Hot Ceramic Target
Authors: Tarasov Andrey P. , Ismailov Abubakar M. , Gadzhiev Makhach Kh. , Venevtsev Ivan D. , Muslimov Arsen E. , Volchkov Ivan S. , Aidamirova Samira R. , Tyuftyaev Alexandr S. , Butashin Andrey V. , Kanevsky Vladimir M.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structural-phase composition, morphology, optical, luminescent, and scintillation characteristics of thick ZnO films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. By using a hot ceramic target, extremely rapid growth (~50 µm/h) of ZnO microfilms more than 100 µm thick was performed, which is an advantage for the industrial production of scintillation detectors. The effects of post-growth treatment of the fabricated films in low-temperature plasma were studied and a significant improvement in their crystalline and optical quality was shown. As a result, the films exhibit intense near-band-edge luminescence in the near-UV region with a decay time of <1 ns. Plasma treatment also allowed to significantly weaken the visible defect luminescence excited in the near-surface regions of the films. A study of the luminescence mechanisms in the synthesized films revealed that their near-band-edge emission at room temperature is formed by phonon replicas of free exciton recombination emission. Particularly, the first phonon replica plays the main role in the case of optical excitation, while upon X-ray excitation, the second phonon replica dominates. It was also shown that the green band peaking at ~510 nm (2.43 eV) is due to surface emission centers, while longer wavelength (>550 nm) green-yellow emission originates mainly from bulk parts of the films.
The Roles of GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in the Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Adaptation
Authors: Luo Pan , Li Ting-Ting , Shi Wei-Ming , Ma Qi , Di Dong-Wei
Published: December 2023

The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest. Recent advances in understanding GH3-dependent IAA conjugation have positioned GH3 functional elucidation as a hot topic of research. This review aims to consolidate and discuss recent findings on (i) the enzymatic mechanisms driving GH3 activity, (ii) the influence of chemical inhibitor on GH3 function, and (iii) the transcriptional regulation of GH3 and its impact on plant development and stress response. Additionally, we explore the distinct biological functions attributed to IAA-amino acid conjugates.
Sub-10 nm Nanoparticle Detection Using Multi-Technique-Based Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bereczki Allan , Dipold Jessica , Freitas Anderson Z. , Wetter Niklaus U.
Published: December 2023

Microplastic pollution is a growing public concern as these particles are ubiquitous in various environments and can fragment into smaller nanoplastics. Another environmental concern arises from widely used engineered nanoparticles. Despite the increasing abundance of these nano-sized pollutants and the possibility of interactions with organisms at the sub cellular level, with many risks still being unknown, there are only a few publications on this topic due to the lack of reliable techniques for nanoparticle characterization. We propose a multi-technique approach for the characterization of nanoparticles down to the 10 nm level using standard micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with standard atomic force microscopy. We successfully obtained single-particle spectra from 25 nm sized polystyrene and 9 nm sized TiO2 nanoparticles with corresponding mass limits of detection of 8.6 ag (attogram) and 1.6 ag, respectively, thus demonstrating the possibility of achieving an unambiguous Raman signal from a single, small nanoparticle with a resolution comparable to more complex and time-consuming technologies such as Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Photo-Induced Force Microscopy.
Charisma and the Transformation of Western Culture 12th to 13th Centuries
Authors: Jaeger C. Stephen
Published: December 2023

The academic discussion of charisma takes two major voices as the point of departure: Max Weber and St. Paul. In both areas, sociology and religion, charisma is seen as a quality of persons. My argument is that entire cultures can be suffused by this force, and that social life, education, and modes of expression can be bearers and transmitters of charismatic force. I approach the argument conceptually, drawing on a remarkable passage in Goethe’s autobiography Dichtung und Wahrheit. What Goethe calls “the demonic” is charisma conceived as a force that can penetrate, unpredictably, either natural phenomena or persons. To these I add institution, cultures, and structures of government. The charisma of larger structures, like personal charisma, has a life-cycle, charisma in its cultural structuring being as unstable as in its personal embodiment. The idea opens cultural transformations to analysis. Clifford Geertz has provided a model. The sea-changes that transformed western European culture from the twelfth to the thirteenth century show us the end of a life-cycle of charismatic culture, and the transition to intellectual or textual culture. Charisma moved out of the realm of the lived and expressed social forms and into art and artifice, rationalizing philosophy, theology, liturgy and other forms of Christian discourse (sermons). Three voices from the later thirteenth century observe this development closely—the loss of charisma as a political–social–cultural force—and lament the loss.
On the Classical Principles and Contemporary Practices of Taoist Female Worship
Authors: Zou Daizhao , Chen Hongwei
Published: December 2023

Facing growing contemporary crises, many scholars turn to ancient eastern religions and goddess civilizations as a means of culture root-seeking. As one of the origins of Chinese civilization, Taoist female worship (道教女性崇拜) shows profound eastern wisdom and feminine philosophy on human–nature, human–human, and human–self relationships. From feminist perspectives, this paper traces the origin and development of Taoist female worship and elaborates its classical principles—Qiwu (齊物) theory, Zhuyin (主陰), and Xujing (虛靜). On this basis, this paper discusses the contemporary practices of Taoist female worship’s classical principles—thingness re-enchantment (物性復魅), harmony world (和諧世界), and self-cultivation (修身養性)—and illuminates their realistic significance: rethinking ethical relationships, establishing efficient ethics, and helping people to resolve crises.
Bacterial Metal Accumulation as a Strategy for Waste Recycling Management
Authors: Kölbi Denise , Memic Alma , Schnideritsch Holger , Wohlmuth Dominik , Klösch Gerald , Albu Mihaela , Milojevic Tetyana
Published: December 2023

Sustainable mechanisms for efficient and circular metal recycling have yet to be uncovered. In this study, the metal recycling potential of seven metal-resistant bacterial species (Deinococcus radiodurans, Deinococcus aerius, Bacillus coagulans, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus rimosus, Streptomyces xylosus and Acidocella aluminiidurans) was investigated in a multi-step strategy, which comprises bioleaching of industrial waste products and subsequent biosorption/bioaccumulation studies. Each species was subjected to an acidic, multi-metal bioleachate solution and screened for potential experimental implementation. Bacterial growth and metal acquisition were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled to electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS). Two of the seven screened species, D. aerius and A. aluminiidurans, propagated in a highly acidic and metal-laden environment. Both accumulated iron and copper compounds during cultivation on a multi-metallic bioleachate. Our findings suggest that extremotolerant bacteria should be considered for waste recycling operations due to their inherent polyextremophily. Furthermore, STEM-EDS is a promising tool to investigate microbial–metal interactions in the frames of native industrial waste products. To develop further experimental steps, detailed analyses of adsorption/accumulation mechanisms in D. aerius and A. aluminiidurans are required to design a circular metal recycling procedure.