bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling breast cancer prognosis: a novel model based on coagulation-related genes
Authors: Lei Chuqi , Li Yuan , Yang Huaiyu , Zhang Ke , Lu Wei , Wang Nianchang , Xuan Lixue
Published: May 2024

Objective

Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous, presenting challenges in prognostic assessment. Developing a universally applicable prognostic model could simplify clinical decision-making. This study aims to develop and validate a novel breast cancer prognosis model using coagulation-related genes with broad clinical applicability.

Methods

A total of 203 genes related to coagulation were obtained from the KEGG database, and the mRNA data of 1,099 tumor tissue samples and 572 samples of normal tissue were retrieved from the TCGA-BRCA cohort and GTEx databases. The R package “limma” was utilized to detect variations in gene expression related to coagulation between the malignancies and normal tissue. A model was constructed in the TCGA cohort through a multivariable Cox regression analysis, followed by validation using the GSE42568 dataset as the testing set. Constructing a nomogram incorporating clinical factors to enhance the predictive capacity of the model. Utilizing the ESTIMATE algorithm to investigate the immune infiltration levels in groups with deferent risk. Performing drug sensitivity analysis using the “oncoPredict” package.

Results

A risk model consisting of six coagulation-associated genes (SERPINA1, SERPINF2, C1S, CFB, RASGRP1, and TLN2) was created and successfully tested for validation. Identified were 6 genes that serve as protective factors in the model’s development. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a worse prognosis in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. The ROC analysis showed that the model accurately forecasted the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Nomogram accompanied by calibration curves can also provide better guidance for clinical decision-making. The low-risk group is more likely to respond well to immunotherapy, whereas the high-risk group may show improved responses to Gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, individuals in distinct risk categories displayed different responses to various medications within the identical therapeutic category.

Conclusion

We established a breast cancer prognostic model incorporating six coagulation-associated genes and explored its clinical utility. This model offers valuable insights for clinical decision-making and drug selection in breast cancer patients, contributing to personalized and precise treatment advancements.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke non-fluent aphasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheng Jing , Jiang Yijing , Rao Ting , Yang Yihan , Liu Yanping , Zhan Ying , Yang Shanli
Published: May 2024

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on language function in patients with non-fluent aphasia post-stroke.

Methods

We selected randomized clinical trials (RCT) that involved stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia, whose intervention was rTMS vs. no therapy or other therapy. Two researchers autonomously reviewed the literature based on the specified criteria for inclusion and exclusion and completed the process of data extraction, data verification, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.41 and Stata MP 172, while the assessment of risk of bias was carried out utilizing the Risk of Bias version 2 tool (RoB2)3.

Results

The meta-analysis involved 47 RCTs, encompassing 2,190 patients overall. The indexes indicated that rTMS has the potential to decrease the severity of non-fluent aphasia in stroke patients, including improvement of the capability of repetition, naming, and spontaneous language. The determination of BDNF in the serum of patients was also increased. In addition, rTMS reduced the likelihood of depression in stroke patients.

Conclusion

To summarize the relevant studies, rTMS has significant effects on improving the language abilities of stroke patients suffering from non-fluent aphasia, including the abilities of repetition, naming, and spontaneous language.
IL-6 receptor antibody treatment improves muscle weakness in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis mouse model
Authors: Miyake Shota , Serizawa Kenichi , Onishi Shinichi , Katsura Yoshichika , Baba Masayuki , Kurasawa Mitsue , Tomizawa-Shinohara Haruna , Yorozu Keigo , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Noguchi-Sasaki Mariko
Published: May 2024

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. It is caused by pathological autoantibodies against components expressed at neuromuscular junctions, such as acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of MG, and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody treatment may provide a novel therapeutic option. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-6R antibody treatment in an experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) mouse model. We demonstrated that IL-6R antibody treatment improved muscle weakness, reduced IgG deposition at neuromuscular junctions, and the levels of AChR autoantibodies in serum. In addition, follicular helper T cells and Th17, plasma cells in lymph nodes were lower in IL-6R antibody treated mice. Our findings suggest that IL-6R blockade may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MG.
Factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shenyue , Yang Huan , Luo Beier , Cheng Yajun , Niu Shengbo , Yang Changwei
Published: May 2024

Background

Knowledge about factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is helpful in guiding treatment, but there has been little systematic research on this topic. This study aimed to identify independent factors contributing to functional disability in NSCLBP patients especially the impact of sagittal parameters and body postures in work, learning, and daily life.

Methods

Sociodemographic data, sagittal parameters, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) of NSCLBP patients were collected. Patients were divided into a low-functional disability group (ODI ≤ 20) and a high-functional disability group (ODI > 20), and the ODI was converted to ranked ODI (RODI) accordingly. Sociodemographic data, sagittal parameters, NRS, and SF-36 were compared by univariate analysis between both groups. A correlation analysis of the aforementioned factors with the RODI was conducted. The sociodemographic data and sagittal parameters related to the RODI were analyzed by logistic regression to select potential RODI-associated factors. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Age, educational background, daily main posture while working or learning (DMPWL), daily standing time while working or learning (DSTTWL), daily sitting time while resting (DSITR), sacral slope–pelvic tilt (SS-PT), spinosacral angle (SSA), NRS, and SF-36 (except mental health, MH) were different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that they were related to the RODI (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the regression coefficients of a college degree, postgraduate diploma, DSITR, and SSA were (B = −0.197; P = 0.003), (B = −0.211; P = 0.006), (B = −0.139; P = 0.039), and (B = −0.207; P = 0.001), respectively, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.489 (0.308; 0.778), 0.299 (0.125; 0.711), 0.875 (0.772; 0.993), and 0.953 (0.925; 0.981), respectively.

Conclusion

Educational background, DSITR, and SSA are independent factors affecting functional disability in NSCLBP patients. NSCLBP patients with a lower educational background, shorter DSITR, or smaller SSA should be taken into account in clinical practice and therapeutic choices. Extending sitting time for rest and the avoidance of a forward-leaning standing position are beneficial for reducing functional disability in NSCLBP.
Short-term functional outcomes of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the native and expatriate population
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Kate Mahesh , Kamran Saadat , Joseph Sujatha , Morgan Deborah , Uy Ryan , Babu Blessy , Shanti Shobhna , Shuaib Ashfaq
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Functional outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not been well characterized in the Middle East and North Africa Region. We report the 30 and 90-day clinical outcomes in the native and expatriate of Qatar with ICH.

Methods

We evaluated the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), NIHSS, and imaging in the Qatar Stroke Registry (2013–22). The outcome measures were a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and mortality at 30 and 90 days. Unfavorable outcome was defined as mRS of 4–6. We performed non-parametric ROC analyses to measure the concordance index (C-index) to assess the goodness-of-fit of ICH score for predicting 30 day and 90-day mortality and functional outcome.

Results

1,660 patients (median age of 49 (41.5–58) years; male 83.1%, expatriates 77.5%) with ICH, including supratentorial deep in 65.2%, cortical in 16.2%, infratentorial 16% and primary intraventricular in 2.5% were studied. The median baseline ICH volume was 7.5 (3.2–15.8) ml. An unfavorable outcome was seen in 673 (40.5%) patients at 90 days. The unfavorable 90-day outcome (mRS 4–6) was 49.2% in the native population vs. 44.4% in Africans, 39.0% in South Asian, 35.3% in Far Eastern, and 7.7% in Caucasians, p < 0.001. Mortality at 30 days and 90 days was 10.4 and 15.1%. Increasing age [OR (95% CI), 1.02 (1.00–1.03)], lower GCS [0.77 (0.73–0.80)], prior use of antiplatelet medications [1.82 (1.19–2.08)], higher ICH volume [1.03 (1.02–1.04)], and presence of any intraventricular hemorrhage [1.57(1.19–2.08)], were associated with unfavorable outcome.

Conclusion

In this relatively younger ICH cohort more than 75% were expatriates. The ICH volume, 90-day unfavorable outcome and mortality was lower in the expatriates compared to the local Arab population, likely related to the younger age and smaller size of the hemorrhages. Prognostic scoring systems may have to be modified in this population to avoid early withdrawal of care.
Association of physical activity and vitamin D deficiency with cognitive impairment in older adults: a population based cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Guo Jing , Mo Hongfei , Zuo Longfei , Zhang Xu
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The global aging situation is becoming increasingly critical and cognitive impairment in the elderly has become a public health burden of concern. Physical activity (PA) and vitamin D may play a key role in improving cognitive impairment. However, little studies have examined the interaction between these two. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of PA and vitamin D with cognitive impairment in older adults, as well as the interactions of PA and vitamin D.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted by multi-stage random sampling of elderly people ≥60 years old, and a total sample of 2,492 (1,207 male and 1,285 female, mean age of 69.41 ± 6.75 years) with complete data was included in the analysis. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and < 600 MET-min/week was used as the division criteria. Serum vitamin D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 concentration < 20 ng/mL was used as a vitamin D deficiency criterion. Cognitive function was assessed by three subtests: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease word learning test (CERAD-WL) for immediate and delayed learning, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) for verbal fluency; and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for information processing speed and switching attention. All three subtests were scored at less than the lowest quartile of the score as a criterion for cognitive impairment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for chi-square test, rank sum test, interaction analysis, subgroup analysis, and regression analysis.

Results

Lower level of PA is associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (CERAD W-L: OR = 1.596, 95% CI: 1.338–1.905, p < 0.001; AFT: OR = 1.833, 95% CI: 1.534–2.190, p < 0.001; DSST: OR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.609–2.329, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency has significant effects in AFT (OR = 1.322, 95% CI: 1.103–1.584, p = 0.003) and DSST (OR = 1.619, 95% CI: 1.345–1.948, p < 0.001). After adjusted for covariates, PA and vitamin D have multiplicative interaction on AFT (OR = 0.662, 95% CI: 0.448–0.977, p = 0.038) and DSST (OR = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.363–0.868, p = 0.009). The interaction between PA and vitamin D was not significant in the CERAD W-L (OR = 0.757, 95% CI: 0.508–1.128, p = 0.172).

Conclusion

The results showed that lower level of PA and vitamin D deficiency were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in the elderly population and that there was a multiplicative interaction between PA and vitamin D on cognitive function, with a significant effect of vitamin D on cognitive impairment in high PA conditions.
Two compound heterozygous variants in the CLN8 gene are responsible for neuronal cereidolipofuscinoses disorder in a child: a case report
Authors: Baltar Federico , Simoes Camila , Garagorry Francisco , Graña Martín , Rodríguez Soledad , Haydée Aunchayna María , Tapié Alejandra , Cerisola Alfredo , González Gabriel , Naya Hugo , Spangenberg Lucía , Raggio Víctor
Published: May 2024

Background

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) disorders, recognized as the primary cause of childhood dementia globally, constitute a spectrum of genetic abnormalities. CLN8, a subtype within NCL, is characterized by cognitive decline, motor impairment, and visual deterioration. This study focuses on an atypical case with congenital onset and a remarkably slow disease progression.

Methods

Whole-genome sequencing at 30× coverage was employed as part of a national genomics program to investigate the genetic underpinnings of rare diseases. This genomic approach aimed to challenge established classifications (vLINCL and EPMR) and explore the presence of a continuous phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8.

Results

The whole-genome sequencing revealed two novel likely pathogenic mutations in the CLN8 gene on chromosome 8p23.3. These mutations were not previously associated with CLN8-related NCL. Contrary to established classifications (vLINCL and EPMR), our findings suggest a continuous phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8. Pathological subcellular markers further validated the genomic insights.

Discussion

The identification of two previously undescribed likely pathogenic CLN8 gene mutations challenges traditional classifications and highlights a more nuanced phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8. Our findings underscore the significance of genetic modifiers and interactions with unrelated genes in shaping variable phenotypic outcomes. The inclusion of pathological subcellular markers further strengthens the validity of our genomic insights. This research enhances our understanding of CLN8 disorders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive genomic analyses to elucidate the complexity of phenotypic presentations and guide tailored therapeutic strategies. The identification of new likely pathogenic mutations underscores the dynamic nature of CLN8-related NCL and the importance of individualized approaches to patient management.
The effect of bupivacaine on analgesia and safety in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Haixia , Cai Min , Zhou Dongxi , Li Weiwei , Cao Hanzhong
Published: May 2024

Aim: There is no meta-analysis reporting the analgesic effect and safety of bupivacaine in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence of the effect of bupivacaine in hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods: Studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Standardized mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect indicators. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the single study on the pooled results.

Results: A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pain level at 48 h was lower in the bupivacaine-combined other drug group than in the other drug group (WMD = −0.65, 95% CI: 1.18 to −0.11, and I2 = 37.50%). Compared to the bupivacaine group, the odds of pruritus (OR = 12.11, 95% CI: 1.49–98.59, and I2 = 0%) and urinary retention (OR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.12–17.70, and I2 = 0%) were higher, and the pain level at 6 h (WMD = −2.13, 95% CI: 3.22 to −1.04, and I2 = 64.30%), at 12 h (WMD = −1.55, 95% CI: 2.19 to −0.90, and I2 = 56.10%), and at 24 h (SMD = −1.15, 95% CI: 1.89 to −0.42, and I2 = 82.5%) were lower in the bupivacaine-combined other drug group.

Conclusion: Bupivacaine-combined other drugs had a good analgesic effect after hemorrhoidectomy, but the adverse reactions should be considered.
A review of SaiLuoTong (MLC-SLT) development in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Ampil Encarnita Raya , Ong Paulus Anam , Krespi Yakup , Yang Yuan-Han
Published: May 2024

The dementia epidemic, attributed to aging populations, represents a growing socio-economic burden. It is estimated that in 2019 about 55 million people worldwide were living with dementia. With many possible causes of dementia and the possibility of mixed dementia combining Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia the question is whether diagnostic uncertainty exists or whether diagnostic constructs based on single etiologies are incorrect. Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID) designates the extent of cognitive dysfunctions from the most benign state to that of dementia, of vascular origin. We reviewed epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical data on VCID with a focus on VaD, as well as key data on the development of a new therapeutic solution, SaiLuoTong (MLC-SLT). From documentary research executed on different web sources (PubMed, Clintrials.gov, Z-library and Google), our initial selection for the short review of VCID and VaD was based on keywords contained in each paragraph subtitles of this article with exclusion of publications in a language other than English or published before 2010. For the review of SaiLuoTong development, there was just the language exclusion criterion. Sorted by relevance and publication date, 47 references were selected from 140 shortlisted for review. With new evidence-based classification systems, vascular cognitive impairment was proposed as umbrella term covering all forms of cognitive deficits related to vascular causes. The scope of application expanded with the VCID which includes VaD and mixed pathologies. No drugs are approved for the treatment of VaD by major Western regulatory agencies, while some traditional Chinese medicines are registered in China. VCID treatment should have a dual focus: managing the underlying cerebrovascular disease and dementia symptoms. This is the objective set for the development of the MLC-SLT, the essential data of which are reviewed in detail. To strengthen VCID and VaD research, consensus groups should attempt to consolidate scattered local research initiatives into coordinated international programs. In two VaD clinical trials, MLC-SLT improved cognitive symptoms and activities of daily living, with good safety and potential disease-modifying effect. In a placebo-controlled study in 325 patients with mild to moderate VaD and randomized according to a delayed-start design, MLC-SLT demonstrated significant improvement in memory tests and performance in executive function tasks, expanding its place in the management of VCID. At week 26, changes in VADAS-cog scores (SD) from baseline were 23.25 (0.45) for MLC-SLT 180 mg bid), 23.05 (0.45) for MLC-SLT 120 mg bid (both p < 0.0001), and 20.57 (0.45) for placebo (p = 0.15). At week 52, differences between both groups MLC-SLT and placebo were 2.67 and 2.48, respectively (p < 0.0001), without significant difference between MLC-SLT groups.
Exploring the link between pyrethroids exposure and dopaminergic degeneration through morphometric, immunofluorescence, and in-silico approaches: the therapeutic role of chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles
Authors: Alotaibi Badriyah S. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Amany , Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , Noreldin Ahmed E. , Elhamouly Moustafa , Khamis Tarek , El-Far Ali H. , Alosaimi Manal E. , Dahran Naief , Alqahtani Leena S. , Nicotra Mario , El-Gamal Mohamed , Di Cerbo Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The synthetic pyrethroid derivative fenpropathrin (FNE), a commonly used insecticide, has been associated with various toxic effects in mammals, particularly neurotoxicity. The study addressed the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease upon oral exposure to fenpropathrin (FNE), mainly the alteration of dopaminergic markers, oxidative stress, and molecular docking in rat models. In addition, the protective effect of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CRM-Chs-NPs) was also assessed.

Methods: In a 60-day trial, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, CRM-Chs-NPs (curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles), FNE (15 mg/kg bw), and FNE + CRM-Chs-NPs.

Results: FNE exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation, ATP production disruption, activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial function and dynamics impairment, neurotransmitter level perturbation, and mitophagy promotion in rat brains. Molecular docking analysis revealed that FNE interacts with key binding sites of dopamine synthesis and transport proteins. On the other hand, CRM-Chs-NPs mitigated FNE’s toxic effects by enhancing mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidant activity, and ATP production and promoting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses.

Conclusion: In summary, FNE appears to induce dopaminergic degeneration through various mechanisms, and CRM-Chs-NPs emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for protecting the nervous tissue microenvironment.
A non-linear partial least squares based on monotonic inner relation
Authors: Zheng Xuepeng , Nie Bin , Du Jianqiang , Rao Yi , Li Huan , Chen Jiandong , Du Yuwen , Zhang Yuchao , Jin Haike
Published: May 2024

A novel regression model, monotonic inner relation-based non-linear partial least squares (MIR-PLS), is proposed to address complex issues like limited observations, multicollinearity, and nonlinearity in Chinese Medicine (CM) dose-effect relationship experimental data. MIR-PLS uses a piecewise mapping function based on monotonic cubic splines to model the non-linear inner relations between input and output score vectors. Additionally, a new weight updating strategy (WUS) is developed by leveraging the properties of monotonic functions. The proposed MIR-PLS method was compared with five well-known PLS variants: standard PLS, quadratic PLS (QPLS), error-based QPLS (EB-QPLS), neural network PLS (NNPLS), and spline PLS (SPL-PLS), using CM dose-effect relationship datasets and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that MIR-PLS exhibits general applicability, achieving excellent predictive performances in the presence or absence of significant non-linear relationships. Furthermore, the model is not limited to CM dose-effect relationship research and can be applied to other regression tasks.
Functional identification of DNA demethylase gene CaROS1 in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) involved in salt stress
Authors: Ou Xuelian , Hua Qingzhu , Dong Jichi , Guo Kexian , Wu Minghua , Deng Yinjun , Wu Zhiming
Published: May 2024

Pepper, which is a widely cultivated important vegetable, is sensitive to salt stress, and the continuous intensification of soil salinization has affected pepper production worldwide. However, genes confer to salt tolerance are rarely been cloned in pepper. Since the REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) is a DNA demethylase that plays a crucial regulatory role in plants in response to various abiotic stresses, including salt stress. We cloned a ROS1 gene in pepper, named CaROS1 (LOC107843637). Bioinformatic analysis showed that the CaROS1 protein contains the HhH-GPD glycosylase and RRM_DME domains. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the CaROS1 was highly expressed in young and mature fruits of pepper and rapidly induced by salt stress. Functional characterization of the CaROS1 was performed by gene silencing in pepper and overexpressing in tobacco, revealed that the CaROS1 positively regulates salt tolerance ability. More detailly, CaROS1-silenced pepper were more sensitive to salt stress, and their ROS levels, relative conductivity, and malondialdehyde content were significantly higher in leaves than those of the control plants. Besides, CaROS1-overexpressing tobacco plants were more tolerant to salt stress, with a higher relative water content, total chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves compared to those of WT plants during salt stress. These results revealed the CaROS1 dose play a role in salt stress response, providing the theoretical basis for salt tolerance genetic engineering breeding in pepper.
Creative webs: decoding the creativity potential of Twitter followers
Authors: Hayat Tsahi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Previous studies have associated creativity to one’s social networks. This study builds on this framework and examines the premise that one’s social fabric is a catalyst for creativity, specifically probing the dynamics between online social connections and creative expressions in the realm of Esports. Therefore, this research paper examined a correlation between people’s creativity and their Effective Network Size (non-redundant ties) on Twitter, to see if potentially non-redundant information is related to creativity.

Methods

Creativity score was defined as the propensity of a participant to utilize specific terms relating to Esports in its emerging stages, prior to its peak popularity as evidenced by Google Trends. Effective Network Size was analyzed based on the social ties of participants on Twitter (N = 50,000).

Results

The findings indicate that the higher the Effective Network Size score, the higher the creativity score. Furthermore, geographically dispersed social networks moderated the relationship between Effective Network Size and creativity. For people with more dispersed social networks, ENS was more constructive for creativity.

Discussion

These findings are discussed in the broader context of the relevancy of online social networking sites for creativity.
Profiling early adopters of ‘iSupport-Portugal’: a country-specific version of a worldwide adapted digital support program for informal caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Teles Soraia , Alves Sara , Ribeiro Oscar , Freitas Alberto , Ferreira Ana , Paúl Constança
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Informal caregivers are the backbone of dementia care. iSupport is a World Health Organization digital support program for caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) that has been culturally adapted in several countries. iSupport was previously assessed for its feasibility in Portugal, and this country-specific version is now being utilized as a remote measurement tool (RMT). It constitutes the first internationally developed iSupport platform that is technically and scientifically enhanced to collect data on sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables of dementia care dyads. This paper characterizes the early adopters of iSupport-Portugal and discusses its exploration as a RMT.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were collected between February and July 2023 from users registering on isupport-portugal.pt. To characterize caregivers and PwD, eligibility was limited to unpaid caregivers assisting community dwelling PwD (n = 173). Data were collected through self-administered instruments in users’ accounts. Caregivers completed psychosocial measures on burden, anxiety, depression, quality of life, desire to institutionalize and usage of community services. Textual data on caregivers’ needs underwent content analysis.

Results

Among the early adopters of iSupport-Portugal (n = 365), 52.3% were informal caregivers, while 44.7% were health/social care professionals or others. Most caregivers were female (82.7%), middle-aged (M 51.7 years), highly educated (M 15.3 years) and supporting a parent (70.5%). Caregivers cared for a median of 24 h/week and 60.8% lived with the PwD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were reported for 94.1% of PwD, who scored as moderately dependent (Barthel Index: M 14.0). Significant burden was reported by 88.4% of caregivers (≥21 on ZBI-22). Among caregivers scoring borderline or abnormal (≥8 on HADS) for anxiety, depression, or both (75.5%), 30.8% sought mental health counseling. Caregivers supporting a PwD not using community services scored higher on anxiety (p = 0.003), and depression (p = 0.009). Text data revealed unmet practical, emotional, and informational needs.

Discussion

iSupport-Portugal has garnered fair initial interest from caregivers, particularly from those who are children, highly educated, and employed. Early adopters exhibited significant psychological distress, and both practical and emotional needs, which contrast with limited use of support services for themselves and the PwD. iSupport-Portugal shows promise for descriptive research on care dyads, particularly among newer generations of caregivers.
Time management practice and associated factors among health professionals working in public and private hospitals in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Yimer Ali , Feleke Amsalu , Yazachew Lake , Ahmed Mohammed , Seid Seada , Adem Mohammed , Mustofa Semira Muhidin , Markos Merkineh , Sirage Nurye , Kassaw Abdulaziz Kebede , Mustefa Nuru Muhammed , Ali Dawed , Dellie Endalkachew
Published: May 2024

Background

Time management is a widely ignored concern in all types of organizations, including the healthcare system, despite its crucial role in the achievement of personal and organizational goals. Therefore, determining the practice of time management and its associated factors among health professionals is of paramount importance.

Objective

We aimed to assess time management practice and associated factors among health professionals working in public and private hospitals in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 24 March to 24 April 24 2021 among 660 health professionals (220 from private hospitals and 440 from public hospitals), who were randomly selected using a stratified sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was run separately for public and private hospitals. A p-value of < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were reported to be statistically significant.

Results

A total of 615 participants responded to the survey, which resulted in a response rate of 93.2%. The magnitude of good time management practice among health professionals in both public and private hospitals was reported to be 57.1% (95% CI: 53.5–60.8%). However, the magnitude differed between public [50.1% (95% CI:45.5–54.7%)] and private hospitals [70.9% (95% CI: 63.5–76.7%)]. Living with families (AOR: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.84–15.77), satisfaction with compensation and benefits (AOR: 7.83, 95% CI: 1.97–31.16), satisfaction with work autonomy (AOR: 7.10, 95% CI: 1.94–25.95), and having a good plan (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.15–10.13) were statistically significant predictors of time management practice in private hospitals. Satisfaction with an organizational policy and strategy (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.25–4.36), performance appraisal (AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.13–3.36), work autonomy (AOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.12–3.27), and the good approach of employees toward time (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.26–3.58) were statistically significant predictors of time management practice in public hospitals.

Conclusion

The magnitude of a good time management practice in public and private hospitals in the study area was low. The practice was observed to be higher in private hospitals than in public hospitals. The study revealed that the magnitude and associated factors of time management practice vary between hospitals, indicating the need for targeted intervention.
Coverage and determinants of second-dose measles vaccination among under-five children in East Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Workneh Belayneh Shetie , Mekonen Enyew Getaneh , Ali Mohammed Seid , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede , Wassie Mulugeta , Kassie Alemneh Tadesse , Tekeba Berhan , Gonete Almaz Tefera
Published: May 2024

Background

One of the biggest breakthroughs of contemporary medicine is measles vaccination. It is essential for the total elimination of measles. Understanding the magnitude and determinants of effective second-dose measles vaccination coverage is a critical task. Accordingly, we set out to check the best available evidence of the pooled second-dose measles vaccination coverage among under-five children in East Africa.

Method

We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and others. Two reviewers separately carried out the search of the Joanna Briggs Institute, selection of studies, critical appraisal, and data extraction. A third party was involved in resolving the disagreement among the reviewers. Seven studies included in this study, four from Ethiopia, two from Kenya, and one from Tanzania were cross-sectional and published in English language, with publication dates before 29 November 2023. Articles lacking full-text, the intended outcome, and that are not qualitative studies were excluded from the analysis. The Microsoft Excel checklist was used to extract the data and then exported to STATA 11. In addition, I2, Funnel plots, and Egger's test were employed to measure heterogeneity and detect publication bias, respectively. A random effect model was used.

Result

The meta-analysis includes a total sample size of 4,962 children from seven articles. The pooled prevalence of second-dose measles vaccination among under-five children in East Africa was found to be 32.22% [95% CI; (18.82, 45.63)], and the significant factors were as follows: birth order (1.72; OR = 95% CI: 1.32, 2.23), information about measles-containing second-dose vaccine (MCV 2) (7.39; OR = 95% CI: 5.21, 10.50), mother's marital status (1.47; OR = 95% CI: 1.05, 2.07), complete immunization for other vaccines (2.17; OR = 95% CI: 1.49, 3.17), and distance of vaccination site (3.31; OR = 95% CI: 2.42, 4.53).

Conclusion

The current study found that pooled prevalence of second-dose measles vaccination coverage among under-five children was still very low. It was also observed that birth order, distance of the vaccination site, complete immunization for other vaccines, mother's marital status, and information about MCV were factors associated with second-dose measles vaccination. These factors imply that there is a need for countries and their partners to act urgently to secure political commitment, expand primary health service and health education, and increase vaccination coverage.
Increases in loneliness among Older Americans Act participants during COVID-19
Authors: Menne Heather L. , Osborne Jason , Pendergrast Claire
Published: May 2024

Loneliness is increasingly understood as a public health crisis, and older adults are experiencing particularly severe impacts. Social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased loneliness among older adults. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, this study uses two cross-sectional waves of the National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) from 2019 and 2021 to expand understanding and identify possible points of intervention to increase social support for vulnerable older adults. Results reveal that while home-delivered meal participants have higher levels of loneliness than congregate meal participants, levels of loneliness did not increase during the COVID-19 pandemic and their loneliness levels did not differ significantly by age, geographic location, or living arrangement. Congregate meal participants’ loneliness increased during the first year of the pandemic, particularly for participants aged 65–74, those living in suburban or rural areas, and those living alone. These findings suggest opportunities for policymakers and aging services providers who seek to increase social engagement among older adults who participate in Older Americans Act (OAA) nutrition programs. The evidence suggests a need for increased social engagement initiatives through OAA programs that prioritize social support for groups who are disproportionately burdened by loneliness.
Sleep status of older adults with sleep apnoea syndrome may vary by body mass index
Authors: Tanaka Yuji , Baba-Mori Naana , Yonaga Takaaki , Mochizuki Kazuki , Igarashi Satoshi , Ando Takashi , Kohda Takashi , Ito Yasumi , Soejima Kenzo , Sakurai Daiju
Published: May 2024

Obesity and ageing are the most important risk factors for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS); however, the role of body mass index (BMI) on sleep status in healthy older adults is unclear. To explore sleep parameters according to BMI among active older adults, we cross-sectionally examined the relationship between sleep-related parameters and BMI in 32 Japanese adults aged from 83 to 95 years without long-term care who were unaware of having SAS. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed. Moderate or severe SAS prevalence was high in both those with low (68.8%) and high (68.8%) BMI. A higher increase in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was negatively correlated with sleep depth in the high-BMI group. In the low-BMI group, the number of awakenings and age were positively correlated with AHI. Older adults may have SAS regardless of their BMI, and the sleep status of patients with SAS may vary by BMI.
A step-by-step method for cultural annotation by LLMs
Authors: Dubourg Edgar , Thouzeau Valentin , Baumard Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Building on the growing body of research highlighting the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), this paper presents a structured pipeline for the annotation of cultural (big) data through such LLMs, offering a detailed methodology for leveraging GPT’s computational abilities. Our approach provides researchers across various fields with a method for efficient and scalable analysis of cultural phenomena, showcasing the potential of LLMs in the empirical study of human cultures. LLMs proficiency in processing and interpreting complex data finds relevance in tasks such as annotating descriptions of non-industrial societies, measuring the importance of specific themes in stories, or evaluating psychological constructs in texts across societies or historical periods. These applications demonstrate the model’s versatility in serving disciplines like cultural anthropology, cultural psychology, cultural history, and cultural sciences at large.
Quality assessment of mHealth apps: a scoping review
Authors: Giebel Godwin Denk , Speckemeier Christian , Schrader Nils Frederik , Abels Carina , Plescher Felix , Hillerich Vivienne , Wiedemann Desiree , Börchers Kirstin , Wasem Jürgen , Blase Nikola , Neusser Silke
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The number of mHealth apps has increased rapidly during recent years. Literature suggests a number of problems and barriers to the adoption of mHealth apps, including issues such as validity, usability, as well as data privacy and security. Continuous quality assessment and assurance systems might help to overcome these barriers. Aim of this scoping review was to collate literature on quality assessment tools and quality assurance systems for mHealth apps, compile the components of the tools, and derive overarching quality dimensions, which are potentially relevant for the continuous quality assessment of mHealth apps.

Methods

Literature searches were performed in Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo. Articles in English or German language were included if they contained information on development, application, or validation of generic concepts of quality assessment or quality assurance of mHealth apps. Screening and extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. Identified quality criteria and aspects were extracted and clustered into quality dimensions.

Results

A total of 70 publications met inclusion criteria. Included publications contain information on five quality assurance systems and further 24 quality assessment tools for mHealth apps. Of these 29 systems/tools, 8 were developed for the assessment of mHealth apps for specific diseases, 16 for assessing mHealth apps for all fields of health and another five are not restricted to health apps. Identified quality criteria and aspects were extracted and grouped into a total of 14 quality dimensions, namely “information and transparency”, “validity and (added) value”, “(medical) safety”, “interoperability and compatibility”, “actuality”, “engagement”, “data privacy and data security”, “usability and design”, “technology”, “organizational aspects”, “social aspects”, “legal aspects”, “equity and equality”, and “cost(-effectiveness)”.

Discussion

This scoping review provides a broad overview of existing quality assessment and assurance systems. Many of the tools included cover only a few dimensions and aspects and therefore do not allow for a comprehensive quality assessment or quality assurance. Our findings can contribute to the development of continuous quality assessment and assurance systems for mHealth apps.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.researchprotocols.org/2022/7/e36974/, International Registered Report Identifier, IRRID (DERR1-10.2196/36974).
Investigating Earth surface deformation with SAR interferometry and geomodeling in the transborder Meuse–Rhine region
Authors: Schlögel Romy , Owczarz Karolina , Orban Anne , Havenith Hans-Balder
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study aims to differentiate local and regional ground uplift, as well as sub-regional subsidence induced by groundwater level drawdown, which are possibly enhanced across fault structures, as monitored by various synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) processing methods. A buoyant mantle plume under the Eifel may be responsible for the regional ground uplift, including the Weser–Geul (BE) and South Limburg regions (NL), which could negatively affect the area proposed for the future Einstein Telescope.

Methods: Different InSAR processing techniques are compared to evaluate their limits in tracking fault structures on a time series of Copernicus Sentinel-1 images while detecting and measuring ground motion based on their phase signature. The results present an overall stable ground for the Euregio Meuse–Rhine region, especially at the Belgian–Dutch border, while tectonic activity is observed along the German side of the Rhine Graben.

Results: As the current neotectonic activity in the target area was not well known, we performed a spatiotemporal analysis of ground deformation associated with the presence of NW–SE-trending normal faults where karst also develops, as well as along the Variscan NE–SW-trending thrust faults. This work demonstrates that the identification of deformation hazards using satellite remote sensing (and connected seismological) techniques is challenging mainly due to (very) small regional scale deformation, terrain conditions, and SAR properties.

Discussion: Thus, the results mostly indicate ground stability over the area; however, also some agricultural activities were observed, as was deformation along some infrastructure such as railways. Displacements of millimetric order measured along the faults located near the Geul valley (BE) are probably related to old mining activities.
Dietary administration impact of olive pulp on growth performance, metabolic profile, immune status, and antioxidant potential of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Bahi Abir , Bhaskaracharya Raman , Esteban Maria Angeles , Guardiola Francisco A.
Published: May 2024

The use of natural immunostimulants in aquaculture is intended to foster overall health and bolster resilience against diseases in farmed fish populations. It constitutes a crucial strategy that can contribute to securing the sustainability of the aquaculture industry, and it is an area that warrants ongoing exploration and development. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of dietary administration of olive pulp on growth rate, metabolic profile, serum antioxidant potential, and humoral and cellular innate immune parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). For this, fish were fed control diet or olive pulp enriched diets (50, 100, and 200 mg kg feed−1) for 4 weeks. Our results demonstrated that the highest inclusion level improved the growth rates and the biological antioxidant potential in the serum of fish. However, after 4 weeks of feeding, most of the assayed metabolic parameters (Ca2+, TP, ALB, K+, and Na+) were increased in the serum of fish fed with a diet containing the lowest level of olive pulp (50 mg kg feed−1). Regarding the innate immune parameters, the IgM levels decreased in the serum of fish fed 50′s diet after 2 and 4 weeks of trial. However, the serum of fish fed with diets containing 100 and 200 showed an increase in hemolytic complement activity after 2 weeks whilst this increase was only sustained in the 200′s group after 4 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the serum of the fish showed an increase in peroxidase activity due to the highest olive inclusion. Concerning cellular innate parameters, peroxidase activity, respiratory burst, and phagocytic ability were increased in head-kidney leucocytes of fish fed 100′s diet at 2 weeks compared to values from control fish. These results suggest that the administration of olive pulp-enriched diets can benefit fish growth, antioxidant, and immune status of gilthead seabream.