bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activities of Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01) Tablet on Cox-2 and Prostaglandin Expression of Placental of Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: PRASETYO Budi , INDRIANI Eka Dina , VIANDIKA Nurya , ILMI Hilkatul , TUMEWU Lidya , WIDYAWARUYANTI Aty
Published: February 2021

Background: Placental malaria has ability to upregulate prostaglandin synthesis by increasing cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) enzyme activity. Cox-2 and prostaglandin have a role in causing uterine contraction and therefore can cause abortion or preterm labor. Tablet AS201-01 containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Andrographis paniculata was tested in vivo on pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. AS201-01 inhibited the growth of P. berghei, increased TGF-β expression, decreased TLR-4 expression and apoptosis index of placental tissue in P. berghei infected pregnant mice and thus prevented placental malaria complications. These effects were correlated with the decrease of Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression.
Methods: Twenty-four pregnant mice (Balb/c) were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Mice were maintained at Animal Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016. G1 were uninfected pregnant mice, G2 untreated infected pregnant mice, G3 infected pregnant mice treated with AS201-01, and G4 infected pregnant mice treated with DHP tablet. All infection groups (G2-G4) were inoculated with 1x106 of P. berghei parasite on day 9 of gestation and treated on day 11. All mice were terminated at day 15 of gestation, and placental tissue was collected. Cytokine expression of Cox-2 and prostaglandin were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
Results: G3 was found to have lower Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression compared to G4 and G2, but higher compared to G1. Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression was significantly different among groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the ability AS201-01 tablets have to decrease Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression on placental of P. berghei infected mice and therefore eliminates the adverse effects of placental malaria.
Agar Plate Culture: An Alternative Sensitive Routine Laboratory Detection Method for Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm Parasites
Authors: HAILU Tadesse , NIBRET Endalkachew , AMOR Arancha , MUNSHEA Abaineh , ANEGAGRIE Melaku
Published: February 2021

Background: Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm parasites is usually under reported due to less sensitive diagnostic methods. Agar plate culture (APC) is the most sensitive technique for parasites having larval stage. However, using APC in routine diagnosis is uncommon. This study aimed to determine the detection rate and sensitivity of APC in comparison with formal ether concentration technique (FECT) and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques (STSTs) for S. stercoralis and hookworm larvae.
Methods: Stool samples collected from 844 schoolchildren in Amhara Regional State, northwestern Ethiopia in 2019, transported to nearby health institutions and processed by APC, FECT and STSTs. The prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm was computed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square. The diagnostic agreement among the three techniques was evaluated using Kappa value.
Results: The overall prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infections by combining the three methods was 13.2% (111/844) and 33.8% (277/844), respectively. Using APC alone, the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm were found to be 10.9% (92/844) and 24.5% (207/844), respectively. Agar plate culture was 5.4 and 2.7 times respectively more sensitive than FECT and STST, with slight and fair agreement in the detection of S. stercoralis. Hookworm diagnostic agreement was moderate between APC and FECT, and APC and STST. The Kappa value between STST and FECT diagnostic methods was substantial.
Conclusion: APC has a better detection rate of S stercoralis and hookworm larvae. Therefore, APC can be used as an alternative routine diagnostic method to S. stercoralis and hookworm co-endemic countries.
Microsatellite-Based Genotyping, Analysis of Population Structure, Presence of Trichomonas vaginalis Virus (TVV) and Mycoplasma hominis in T. vaginalis Isolates from Southwest of Turkey
Authors: ERTABAKLAR Hatice , MALATYALI Erdoğan , ÖZÜN ÖZBAY Elif Pelin , YILDIZ İbrahim , SİNECEN Mahmut , ERTUĞ Sema , BOZDOĞAN Bülent , GÜÇLÜ Özgür
Published: February 2021

Background: The present study aimed to determine genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) isolates with microsatellite markers in Turkey (Nov 2015 to 2016) and to create a web-based microsatellite typing (MT) approach for the global interpretation of the data. In addition, the endosymbiosis of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and T. vaginalis virus (TVV) in the isolates was also examined.
Methods: The allele sizes for each locus were calculated and microsatellite types were determined according to the allele profiles. The population structure was examined with Bayesian clustering method. A website (http://mttype.adu.edu.tr) was created for collection and sharing of microsatellite data. Presence of TVV and M. hominis in T. vaginalis isolates were investigated with electrophoresis and PCR.
Results: Of 630 vaginal samples T. vaginalis was detected in 30 (4.7%) and those were used for further analysis. The structure produced by a clustering algorithm revealed eight genetic groups. The typing of isolates according to microsatellites revealed 23 different microsatellite types. Three clones were determined among isolates (MT10 16.7%; MT18 10% and MT3 6.7%). The frequency of TVV and M. hominis was 16.6% (n=5) and 20% (n=6), respectively.
Conclusion: Presence of three clones among 30 T. vaginalis isolates indicated that microsatellite-based genotyping was efficient to determine the clonal distribution of T. vaginalis isolates. Therefore, a promising tool might be developed further and adapted to the studies dealing with molecular epidemiology of T. vaginalis. Microsatellite data from forthcoming studies will be deposited and presented on the website. In addition, we also presented the frequency of two endosymbionts in T. vaginalis isolates for the first time in Turkey
The Emergence of Co-Infection of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Iranian Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Case Report
Authors: ABDOLSALEHI Mohammad Reza , MOHEBALI Mehdi , KESHAVARZ Hossein , MAHMOUDI Shima , MAMISHI Setareh
Published: February 2021

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) described as an essential immunodeficiency problem of phagocytic cells resulting in a phagocyte dysfunction and inability to kill a spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Despite the fact that CGD patients are more susceptible to intracellular infections, visceral leishmaniasis has been reported rarely in these cases. Here, we report an uncommon case of visceral leishmaniasis in a child with CGD. An 8-yr old boy with CGD presented to the infectious disease ward, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran after the onset of 20 days fever with chronic crusted ulcer approximately 3 cm × 3cm on the left upper limb and a small ulcer measuring 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm on the right knee with moderate secretion. Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsies (BMB) of fragmented samples were performed and polymorphic population of hematopoietic cells, Megakaryocytes and Leishman bodies were seen. The patient was treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®) 20 mg/kg for 28 days and after partial improvement patient discharged and continue the treatment at home. Amphotericin B lipid complex (Ambisome®) (3–5 mg/kg per dose once) was administered every 3 -4 weeks for 18 months as secondary prophylaxis that was well tolerated and effective.
The effect of low-level laser therapy and stress on wound healing in rats
Authors: Dalband Mohsen , Azizi Shahabaldin , Karimzadeh Mahdieh , Asnaashari Mohammad , Farhadinasb Abdullah , Azizi Mahdokht , Ramezani Mazaher
Published: February 2021

Background: Many studies have been performed on the effect of low level laser on wound healing which has been associated with different and sometimes contradictory results. On the other hand, considering that stress may affect the immune system the fact that it may delay wound healing has also been addressed. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of low level  laser therapy and stress on wound healing at the three levels of histology (histological changes), biomechanics (stress and strain assessment) and macroscopic (wound size).
Methods: In this interventional study, 72 male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old, weight range: 240 to 330 g) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and one control group. (18 per group). In all the rats, a 2.5 cm full-thickness skin incision was made on the dorsal spine. Intervention was performed from day 1 to day 21 every other day with Kals-DX61 laser (cap s) with wavelength: 660 nm, dose 3 J / cm2, 100 sec and power density 30 mW / cm2. Then, wound size was measured weekly until the third week (day 21). Then, tension metric tests were performed to evaluate the stress and strain of the restored tissue. At the end of each week, three animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation.
Results: There was a significant difference between the stress / no laser and laser/no stress groups in all stages of evaluation. Mean and standard deviation of stress and strain were not significantly different in the study groups.
Conclusion: Stress can potentially slow the wound healing process, while receiving low level laser therapy speeds up the wound healing process, although in the end there was no significant difference in biomechanical characteristics between the groups.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the mandible: A case report
Authors: Derakhshan Samira , Rahrotaban Sedigheh , Shirani Samaneh , Abbasi Shima
Published: February 2021

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma as an aggressive type of chondrosarcoma shows a characteristic biphasic histopathologic pattern. The head and neck region is included a high proportion of extra skeletal sites. Very rare examples of Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma involving the mandible have been described. Based on fragmented or tiny specimens, the diagnosis of this lesion has been re- mained a challenge because the specimens may contain only one of the two neoplastic elements. We report a rare case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the mandible in a 19 years old male with delaying in diagnosis due to massive extension of the tumor to the soft tissues.
Reflexiones académicas alrededor del derecho
Authors: Hernández Tirado Katerine , Orozco Poveda Daniela María
Published: February 2021

El libro Reflexiones académicas alrededor del derecho nace como respuesta a la propuesta epistemológica y de enseñanza que se ha planteado el programa de Derecho de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Seccional Montería, “dicha apuesta epistémica encuentra su pilar fundamental en el derecho como fenómeno y en el derecho como saber” entendido el primero como fenómeno lingüístico normativo y político que incide en la vida de la personas que integran los territorios, y el segundo “como constructo social e histórico sumergido en una permanente dinámica de transformación”. (Escuela de Derecho. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Montería, 2019). La concepción del derecho como saber no es más que la respuesta al conocimiento de un fenómeno que, además de lingüístico-normativo, es social y político y, como tal, tiene una incidencia directa en la vida de las personas. Por ello dicha concepción del Derecho dio lugar a la construcción de un proyecto de investigación denominado
Quercetin particles with lower inhibitory activity for α-glycosidase and negligible effects on blood clotting
Authors: ŞAHİNER Mehtap , SAGBAS SUNER Selin
Published: February 2021

Poly(quercetin) (p(QR)) particles was synthesis by using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGGE) crosslinker in a single step via microemulsion system. The morphological, size and functional analysis of the prepared particles were carried by optic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and FT-IR spectroscopy. P(QR) particles were found to be in spherical shape with 372±9 nm size range by means of SEM images and DLS measurements. The zeta potential measurements, performed at different pH conditions and potentiometric titration of p(QR) particles were revealed that the isoelectric point and pKa values of as around pH 2.5 and 2.3, respectively. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was determined for QR and p(QR) particles at pH 3.6 and found as 9.4 and 0.43 µg reduced Fe(ll). The effects of QR and p(QR) particles on alfa-glycosidase enzyme activity at pH 6.9 were investigated and found that QR molecules and p(QR) particles were capable of inhibiting the α-glycosidase enzyme 89.3% and 24.7% respectively. The fluorescence spectroscopy of QR and p(QR) in fibrinogen showed that p(QR) particles do not induce clothing of blood.
Zmiany morfologiczne koryta Pilicy między Domaniewicami a Nowym Miastem nad Pilicą na podstawie analizy kartograficznej
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Kinga
Published: February 2021

W artykule przedstawiono w ujęciu morfologicznym zmiany dawnych, postglacjalnych koryt Pilicy między Domaniewicami a Nowym Miastem nad Pilicą w oparciu o materiały kartograficzne z lat 1802–2017. Celem artykułu było również przypisanie Pilicy do określonego typu koryta na podstawie jej charakterystycznych cech morfologicznych. Wykazano, że na charakter dna doliny rzecznej, jak również samego koryta Pilicy, w znacznym stopniu wpłynęło wybudowanie Zbiornika Sulejowskiego.
Rozmieszczenie i czynniki przestępczości w województwie łódzkim
Authors: Mordwa Stanisław
Published: February 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza rozmieszczenia i koncentracji przestępstw stwierdzonych przez policję w latach 2015–2019 w województwie łódzkim. Ponadto celem opracowania jest wskazanie istotnych czynników o charakterze demograficznym i społeczno-ekonomicznym, które mają wpływ na natężenie przestępczości. Dane o liczbie przestępstw stwierdzonych (także w podziale na grupy przestępstw) oraz o 30 zmiennych potencjalnie wpływających na przestępczość pobrano z BDL GUS. Analiziepoddano 24 powiaty. Do analizy rozmieszczenia i koncentracji przestępczości wykorzystano wskaźniki natężenia przestępczości, lokalizacji przestępstw i autokorelację przestrzenną. W przypadku najistotniejszych sześciu czynników przestępczości ich wpływ określono konstruując modele regresji przestrzennej. Rozmieszczenie poszczególnych grup przestępstw stwierdzonych w województwie okazało się bardzo zróżnicowane. Za najbardziej zagrożony przestępczością uznano Piotrków Trybunalski oraz w mniejszym stopniu Łódź, Skierniewice oraz powiaty kutnowski, pabianicki, bełchatowski i radomszczański. Dwa czynniki o charakterze społecznym (liczba gospodarstw domowych korzystających ze środowiskowej pomocy społecznej poniżej kryterium dochodowego; liczba orzeczonych przez sąd eksmisji lokali mieszkalnych) określono za najistotniej wpływające na przestępczość.
Notes on Contributors
Authors: Roberts Tony
Published: February 2021

This is the notes on contributors to the report Digital Rights in Closing Civic Space: Lessons from Ten African Countries.
Uganda Digital Rights Landscape Report
Authors: Nanfuka Juliet
Published: February 2021

This report introduces findings from ten digital rights landscape country reports on Uganda. They analyse how the openings and closings of online civic space affect citizens’ digital rights. They show that: (1) when civic space closes offline citizens often respond by opening civic space online; (2) when civic space opens online governments often take measures to close online space; and (3) the resulting reduction in digital rights makes it impossible to achieve the kind of inclusive governance defined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
South Africa Digital Rights Landscape Report
Authors: Bosch Tanja , Roberts Tony
Published: February 2021

This report introduces findings from ten digital rights landscape country reports on South Africa. They analyse how the openings and closings of online civic space affect citizens’ digital rights. They show that: (1) when civic space closes offline citizens often respond by opening civic space online; (2) when civic space opens online governments often take measures to close online space; and (3) the resulting reduction in digital rights makes it impossible to achieve the kind of inclusive governance defined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Constitutional Complaint in Indonesia Through the Lens of Legal Certainty
Authors: Wico Standy , Michael Michael , Sunarto Patricia Louise , Anastasia Anastasia
Published: February 2021

To date, there is no trial mechanism for Indonesian citizens to claim their rights through the constitutional complaint, even if the Constitutional Court has existed since 2003. In fact, civil rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution are often ignored by the government even though these rights are essential in promoting the rule of law. This paper aims to revisit the range of constitutional complaints and further consequences about the legal certainty by taking into account the rationale of civil rights protection following the establishment of the Constitutional Court for adjudicating civil complaints. This study uses juridical research with normative and comparative approaches. In this context, a constitutional complaint is different from the judicial review for which, the actions of government officials are deemed to be detrimental and violate the constitutional rights of citizens. Rather, it is an adjudication for protecting civil rights when it is found the constitutional rights are breached by the government so that each citizen has legal standing before the Constitutional Court. As for the effort to apply legal certainty to constitutional complaints, a legal basis is needed, namely the laws that regulate and their application. By doing so, it can be implemented after amending the 1945 Constitution that outlines the additional power-wielding to the Constitutional Court.

KEYWORDS: Constitutional Complaint, Constitutional Court, Indonesian Constitution.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Pembuatan Kubah Masjid Berbahan Stainless Steel sebagai Bahan Lembar Kerja Siswa
Authors: Annisa Nurul , Sugiarti Titik , Monalisa Lioni Anka , Sunardi Sunardi , Trapsilasiwi Dinawati
Published: February 2021

Ethnomatics are cultural practices related to mathematical activities such as grouping, counting, calculating, designing buildings or tools, determining locations. This research was conducted at the Soponyono Dome Company, Wirolegi, Jember. The purpose of this study is to describe ethnomatematics in the manufacture of stainless steel mosque domes and produce student worksheets. This research is a type of qualitative research with ethnographic approach. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects of this research are the owner of the company and four dome craftsmen. Geometry concepts or elements found include: congruent, flat shapes (rectangle, irregular hexagon, circle segment, trapezoid), space structures (cylinder, truncated ball, cone, and truncated cone), geometrical transformations (dilatation), and mathematical activity (measuring activity, counting activity, and design activity). The results of the study were made as worksheet material for Grade IX students with the subject of constructing curved side spaces of tube and cone material.

 

Keywords: Ethnomatematics, Mosque Dome, Student Worksheet.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN TANGGUNG JAWAB PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DI KELAS VIII A SMP N 2 LENDAH TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Wulandari Nidya Ferry , Sutarna Sutarna
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to improve students’ responsibility especially in math class with Jigsaw cooperative learning and to know the implementation of Jigsaw in math class. This study was a collaboration classroom action research. Kemmis & Mc. The Taggart model was used in this study. The subject of this study was students in eighth grade in SMP N 2 Lendah. The result of this study showed that there is an improvement in students’ responsibility in math class by using Jigsaw. Students played a role as an expert and they discussed specific topics. After that, they discussed again in a big group and shared what they got in a small group. There is 2 cycle because in the second cycle has achieved this study target. In last, there are no students who have low responsibility or below. Almost 70% of students have high responsibility and the rest have average responsibility.
Analisis Analisis Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pecahan ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar
Authors: Muslimah Ayu Imamatul
Published: February 2021

In learning activities, one of the efforts that can be done to improve students' learning abilities is to support learning styles that are following the objectives so that learning can be done effectively. This research was conducted at Junior High School 1 Kalisat, located at Jl. Diponegoro 52 Kalisat, Jember. This study aims to describe the students' critical thinking processes in solving fraction problems in terms of visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Data collection techniques used consisted of learning style questionnaires, critical thinking tests, and interview method. The subjects in this study were 6 students consisting of 2 students who represented visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Based on data analysis, the results show that students with a visual and kinesthetic learning style meet five indicators of critical thinking, namely basic clarification, basic skills, concluding, further clarification, and strategies and tactics. Students with auditory learning styles meet the four indicators of critical thinking namely basic clarification, building basic skills, further clarification, and concluding. While students with auditory learning styles are less able to meet the indicators of strategies and tactics.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Learning Styles, Fraction Problems
ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA KELENTENG TJOE TIK KIONG PASURUAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKET TES SISWA SMP KELAS VIII
Authors: Afifudin Mochammad
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine what ethnomatematics in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple and produce a test package related to ethnomatematics in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple. This temple is a place of worship for the Tri Dharma people in Pasuruan City. This type of research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this study were one religious leader and one handyman. Data collection methods used are observation and interviews. In this study focused on several objects of building and carving shapes. Mathematical concepts that emerged in the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple building were geometric, congruent, similarity and geometric transformation. The product made is a test package related to ethnomatematics at the Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple in Pasuruan. This test package is intended for junior high school grade VIII
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN GEOMETRI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH TRANSFORMASI DAN KESEBANGUNAN GEOMETRI RUMAH ADAT OSING
Authors: AFNENDA ADINDA BEAUTY
Published: February 2021

This research aims to determine the geometry ability of class XI students in solving transformation problems and geometric building problems of the Osingese traditional house. The subjects of this study were 6 students of class XI MIPA 4 SMAN 1 Tegaldlimo. Students are given questions of geometric transformation skills and geometric building problems tests, followed by interviews. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results obtained in the transformation of skills are students with high math scores first have all skills, students with low math scores first have all skills except applied skills, students with medium mathematics scores first only have drawing skills and applied skills, and students with moderate math scores second and second low math score students only have drawing skills. As for geometric building problem skills, almost all students have all skills. The second moderate math score students and first low math students had all skills except, applied skills.
“Everyone Has Their Own Places”: Mapping as a Storied Approach to the Study of Youth Identity
Authors: Spring Erin
Published: February 2021

This article highlights part of my work with ten 16 and 17-year-olds at two Canadian secondary schools. My multiple case study sought to make visible my participants’ stories of place: how did they construe the role of place within their own lives? How did they record their journeys within, through, and between places? I share how my participants articulated their place-identities as dynamic encounters rather than fixed surfaces (Massey, 2005; Ingold, 2016). Employing story-mapping as a research method encouraged my participants to articulate their lives in their own terms, affording me the opportunity to understand how they negotiated their identities.
Urban planning, policymaking and scenarios of land uses' design
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: February 2021

This paper is aimed to analyze the implications between urban planning, policymaking and scenarios of land uses’ design. The analysis assume that urban planning and design contribute to the quality of a city’s land uses and landscapes that are related to factors that improve qualitatively urban areas and the upgrading neglected areas. It begins analyzing the urban design and planning and its relationships with the urban land uses, policymaking and strategies to resume in design scenarios. It is concluded that urban planning, policymaking and design of land uses are relevant activities to manage urban land resources to achieve sustainable urban development.
 
Keywords: Design, land uses, policy making, scenarios, urban planning.
multistory parking garage and Square Alfredo Issa
Authors: Soukef Júnior Antonio , Busnardo Filho Antonio , Degreas Helena Napoleon
Published: February 2021

The article shows the government recurring practice of neglect the assets under its responsibility which are the subject to significant modifications, random transformations, most often not considering the permanence of assets and their property values, cultural and aesthetic principles. The discontinuity of administrations and the absence of continued public policies lead to immediate actions causing the loss of memory of emblematic places in cities. To illustrate this situation, we describe the transformation of the Square and the Alfredo Issa garage building, built-in downtown São Paulo in the early 1970s, through historical research into primary and secondary sources and on-site analysis.
Pemanfaatan Data Satelit Landsat 8 Untuk Menduga Produktivitas Tanaman Padi (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Karawang)
Authors: Bustomi Bustomi , Domiri Dede Dirgahayu , Abadi Slamet , Pringadi Kasdi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to know prediction the productivity of rice by using Landsat Satellite data 8 in Karawang District. The research method used was descriptive, infrensial and modeling. For a presumes the productivity of the rice being estimated by using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Prediction of productivity based on linear regression models between EVI from satellite imagery analysis results with the highest productivity of the rice plant of the Department of Agriculture Karawang District. The results showed that the analysis of Landsat 8 Satellite images obtained the average EVI value from 2017 and 2018, in 2017 the average EVI value was 0.36. while in the year 2018 average value of EVI was 0.48. Estimates of rice productivity in Karawang District 2017 and 2018 were obtained by using the regression equation model the relationship between EVI value and rice productivity yielding Anova obtained Sig = 0.000 <0.05, so that a significant model means the model can be used to estimate rice crop productivity. The z-Test Two Sample for Means statistical test for productivity on the EVI model and in the field shows that in 2017 Zhit = -0.0015 and 2018 Zhit = -0.0002 with areas of rejection and acceptance H0 then Zhit is located in the reception area which produces both results not real difference. This shows that the equation model can be said to be close to the yield of rice productivity in Karawang District and the prediction of rice productivity in the Karawang District in 2019 which is equal to 7.447 tons / ha.
Aplikasi Metode Tanam Dan Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Serta Pengendalian Hama Dan Penyakit Terhadap Parameter Agronomis Dan Lingkungan Pada Tanaman Padi Sawah Di Lahan Pasang Surut
Authors: Zulistiawan Khafid , Salamiah Salamiah , Mahreda Emmy Sri , Abidin Zainal
Published: February 2021

The planting method is a technological innovation in increasing rice production. Increase rice productivity by changing the management of plants, soil, water and nutrients, increasing population and optimizing growth space for plants. This study will examine the use of three planting methods (SRI, jajar legowo and Hazton), with three applications of liquid organic fertilizer and application of vegetable pesticides. The results showed that the Hazton method with the application of liquid organic fertilizer from livestock manureproduced the highest plant height and the highest number of roots when applied with botanical pesticides compared to other treatments (SRI and jajar legowo).
Pemetaan Sebaran Karamba Jaring Apung Berdasarkan Zona Dan Tingkat Skala Usaha Menggunakan Drone Di Waduk Riam Kanan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Rifa'i Muhammad Ahsin , Yunita Rizmi , Sofia Leila Ariyani
Published: February 2021

Aquaculture is growing rapidly in Banjar District of Kalimantan Selatan Province, including on Riam Kanan Reservoir which is a center for floating net cage aquaculture. The increasing aquaculture on Riam Kanan Reservoir is not supported by adequate and actual data regarding the distribution, number of plots and number of fishery household (FHs) of floating net cage aquaculture. Complete, accurate and actual data is needed as one of the considerations in implementing sustainable aquaculture management policies. This study aims to map the distribution of floating net cages based on zones and business scale level, analyze the number of plots and the number of FHs of floating net cage aquaculture on Riam Kanan Reservoir. The study was conducted in July-October 2019 using 2 survey methods: a drone survey to collect aerial photographs and a field survey to identify the number of FHs and floating net cage plots based on business scale level. The results of aerial photography were analyzed using the Agisoft Metashape Professional and Arcgis 10.7 applications. Field survey data were analyzed using the Archgis 10.7 application and Microsoft Excel. The floating net cage is spread over 6 zones totaling 4,263 plots, consisting of criteria for small business scale 1,774 plots, medium scale 1,234 plots and large scale 1,255 plots. FHs of floating net cage aquaculture spread in 7 villages as many as 425 units with the criteria of 331 small scale business, 87 medium scale and 28 large scale. The plots and FHs of floating net cage aquaculture on Riam Kanan Reservoir has increased significantly over the past 4 years.
Pandemi Covid-19: Refleksi Pentingnya Optimasi Lahan Pekarangan Sebagai Penyokong Kemandirian Pangan Dan Kesehatan Keluarga
Authors: Pambudi Priyaji Agung
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic was outbreak since January 2020 has now spread out to 213 countries, infected 29,227,348 people and 929,263 deaths. In Indonesia, 221,523 people were infected and 8,841 of them died. Neither the vaccine nor the cure has been found, but the researchers recommend that people consume various types of rhizome plants, moringa, guava, and others as prevention. The opportunity for the Indonesian people to increase their sovereignty in facing the COVID-19 pandemic is very overt because it has a geographical advantage as a tropical country traversed by the equator and fertile soil. This study aims to determine the use of backyards and its importance in promote family health amid the COVID-19 outbreak. This research was conducted in Pacitan Regency, East Java, from March 16 to April 17, 2020 through a qualitative approach with a combined method of questionnaires (162 people), in-depth interviews (18 people), and desk study. The findings showed that 95.06% of respondents agreed that the backyard was an environmental asset, 100% agreed that the backyard could be used to fulfill the needs of vegetables and toga. As 78.4% of respondents have planted vegetables and toga in their backyards and 64.2% feel calmer in facing the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of availability of the need for vegetables and traditional herbal ingredients. This is stated as an ease of concocting traditional herbal medicine and fulfilling kitchen needs for 86.42% of respondents and 57.41% assessed that their families do not depend on market uncertainty because the pattern of backyard use is carried out by growing vegetables and toga plants. The backyard as an environmental asset can promote the realization of food sovereignty (non-rice) and family health if it is managed properly, both flat and vertically.
Nilai Ekonomi Lingkungan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Dan Limbah Tankos Hasil Pengolahan Industri Kelapa Sawit PT. Musirawas Citraharpindo
Authors: Febian Afirus , Biyatmoko Danang , Akbar Arief R. M. , Lilimantik Emmy
Published: February 2021

The development of plantations is currently accompanied by environmental issues arising from the waste from the palm oil industry. The utilization of waste to be of economic value is necessary to reduce negative impacts on the environment and create an environmentally friendly industry. Thus, it can reduce production costs, increase income, and not burden the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the environmental economic value of the utilization of liquid waste and tankos solid waste. This research method uses observation, interview, documentation, and economic valuation techniques. The results of the calculation of changes in the productivity of waste utilization as a reduction in the use of urea fertilizer, RP fertilizer, MOP fertilizer, and kieserite fertilizer provide an economic value of sludge liquid waste of IDR 46,644,326.72 and tankos solid waste of IDR 1,784,059,650.00. The results of the study conclude that the use of sludge liquid waste and tankos solid waste carried out by the company in 2017 with an applied area of 3,443.16 hectares was able to provide an environmental economic value of Rp. 1,830,703,967.72.
Analisis Pengaruh Ledakan Populasi Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys Spp) Terhadap Pendapatan Nelayan Jaring Insang Di Perairan Danau Sidenreng
Authors: Hasrianti Hasrianti , Surianti Surianti , Puti Rini Sahni , Damis Damis , Rahmat Muhammad Rais , Arif St. Hajrah
Published: February 2021

The Sailfin Catfish is one of the invasive fish species. The occurrence of sailfin catfish population explosion in the waters of Lake Sidenreng which disturbs gill net fishermen is one of the main problems that have not been found to solve it. Due to its impact on catch production, catch effectiveness and sustainability of aquatic biodiversity, this research was carried out with the aim of knowing the effect of sailfin catfish population explosion on gill net fishermen's income. This research was conducted for three months, namely from June to August 2020 in Wette'e Village and in the Village of Teteaji Kab. Sidenreng Rappang. The average income of gill-net fishermen before the sailfin catfish population explosion tended to be higher than that of the fishermen after the sailfin catfish population explosion occurred. The highest income of fishermen before the Sailfin catfish population explosion was Rp. 550,000 with the lowest income of Rp. 50,000, while the highest income of fishermen after the sailfin catfish population explosion was Rp. 200,000 with the lowest income of Rp. 15,000. Meanwhile, based on the results of the analysis of the Mann Whitney test, the calculated z value of -1.878 and the Asympe sig (2 tailed) value of 0.060 The significance probability value is lower than ɑ = 0.05. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted so that it can be concluded that the sailfin catfish population explosion had an effect on fishermen's income before the sailfin catfish population explosion and after the sailfin catfish population explosion occurred.
Subject of Economic Science
Authors: Egorov D.
Published: February 2021

Adam Smith defined economics as “the science of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations” (implicitly appealing – in reference to the “wealth” – to the “value”). Neo-classical theory views it as a science “which studies human behavior in terms of the relationship between the objectives and the limited funds that may have a different use of”. The main reason that turns the neo-classical theory (that serves as the now prevailing economic mainstream) into a tool for manipulation of the public consciousness is the lack of measure (elimination of the “value”). Even though the neo-classical definition of the subject of economics does not contain an explicit rejection of objective measures the reference to “human behavior” inevitably implies methodological subjectivism. This makes it necessary to adopt a principle of equilibrium: if you can not objectively (using a solid measurement) compare different states of the system, we can only postulate the existence of an equilibrium point to which the system tends. Neo-classical postulate of equilibrium can not explain the situation non-equilibrium. As a result, the neo-classical theory fails in matching microeconomics to macroeconomics. Moreover, a denial of the category “value” serves as a theoretical basis and an ideological prerequisite of now flourishing manipulative financial technologies. The author believes in the following two principal definitions: (1) economics is a science that studies the economic system, i.e. a system that creates and recombines value; (2) value is a measure of cost of the object. In our opinion, the value is the information cost measure. It should be added that a disclosure of the nature of this category is not an obligatory prerequisite of its introduction: methodologically, it is quite correct to postulate it a priori. The author concludes that the proposed definitions open the way not only to solve the problem of the measurement in economics, but also to address the issue of harmonizing macro- and microeconomics.
Centre-Periphery Relations in Europe: Demographic Aspect
Authors: Klupt M.
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the impact of centre-periphery relations on the demographic change in Europe in the 21st century. The reasons why the projections presented by Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute in 1999 underestimated the future population growth in France, Italy, Spain and UK are analyzed. Current statistics and UN population projections (2012 revision) demonstrate that the idea of the total depopulation coming in Europe, commonly held there over the 20th century, is out of date. In fact, depopulation is far from being total; it is common only in peripheral countries of Europe, not in semi-peripheral and central ones (Germany is an exception). This conclusion is corroborated by the close positive correlation (r=0.754) between per capita GNI and the rate of population increase in 34 European countries between 2000 and 2012. The alarmist perspective of ageing is criticized. It is argued that ageing is often unreasonably blamed for negative effects which, in fact, are caused by other faults of socioeconomic system. So, the recent number of unemployed in Spain (5.7 millions) is four times more than the expected decrease in the number of people aged 20 to 64 between 2010 and 2030 (1.4 millions). The prospective institutional and structural consequences of the post-crisis shifting of immigration flows from Spain to Germany are considered. Given this shifting, the further expansion of the peripheral and semi-peripheral enclaves in German economy seems to be verisimilar. Nevertheless, the centripetal migration maintains, like before, the centre-peripheral differences in Europe. The centre concentrates knowledge-intensive services and attracts the most qualified migrants; semi-periphery receives the less qualified ones; the periphery is the source of labour force for both the centre and the semi-periphery.
Latin America: Farewell to Dependency
Authors: Krasil’shchikov V.
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the problem of dependent development and conservative modernization in Latin America. Whereas external dependency has been the permanent feature of Latin American development since colonial times, conservative modernization can be treated as the essential effect of this development. Almost all significant reforms in Latin American countries began earlier than the own premises for them could mature, because they were the obliged responses to the external challenges and shocks the continent underwent. The social actors of those reforms were often interested in adaptation of the obsolete socioeconomic structures and relationships to the changed external conditions instead of their destruction and genuine social renewal. The cases of authoritarian modernizations in the Southern Cone countries in the 1960s–80s clearly illustrated such attempts of the ruling groups to go forward whilst looking back. The neoliberal reforms of the 1990s demonstrated, at first glance, continuation of this practice being a form of modernisation for the upper classes’ advantages. Meanwhile, as the author argues, these reforms were actually a “swan song” of conservative modernization in Latin America. The “left turn” of the next decade did not abolish external dependency of Latin American countries, but created some important premises for the rise of internally rooted impulses to endogenous development. The new social actors of this development, such as various NGOs and left-wing movements, began to emerge in Latin America. They propose own programmes of transition towards a knowledge-based, innovative economy. This phenomenon allows to suppose that some Latin American countries have real chances for technological breakthroughs in the future, and it will be the genuine deliverance from the model of a dependent, imitative development.
The Middle Classes in Non-Western Societies: Inner Dynamics and Self-Assertion Perspective
Authors: Volodin A.
Published: February 2021

The present article focuses on the entity of middle classes in non-Western societies. The social formation of this kind is a relatively new phenomenon. As far as the modern Western societies are concerned, the social and political “materialization” of the above-mentioned entity has covered the period of no less than five centuries. The middle class in modern transitional societies began to emerge quite recently, with a few notable exceptions, after gaining sovereignty. That is one of the reasons why political systems in the non-Western world are mostly fragile and susceptible to instability of different kinds and origins. The so called “Arab awakening” gives a vivid example for the “underdevelopment” of indigenous middle classes. Whilst in the advanced industrial societies middle classes were (and are) the building blocks of social structure, economic and political development, elite recruitment, etc., among the non-Western societies (with the salient exception of the North-East Asia) the process of the middle class institutionalization as well as its economic and political self-assertion is still under way, somewhere at the initial stage of development. Comparing various non-Western societies from the middle class inner dynamics as well as self-assertion perspective, the author concludes that in the ultimate analysis, the maturity of this process is dependent on the pro-active and creative role of the State. The latter serves as the main driving force of the middle class consolidation and the instrument of political and economic systems for increasing and advancing development. The cases of India, on one hand, and Indonesia, on the other, demonstrate convincingly that the State remains the leading institution of the society able to accelerate economic growth and development, but also to stimulate the emergence and socio-political assertion of the middle class in contemporary non-Western world.
Experience of Overcoming of Crisis Phenomena in Some EU Countries
Authors: Volkov A. , Gutnick A. , Kvashnin Y. , Olenchenko V. , Shchedrin A.
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the most recent experience of anti-recessionary policies in several EU member nations, such as UK, Nordic countries (especially Sweden), Ireland, Baltic countries and Greece. As for Great Britain, its government implemented traditional package of anti-crisis measures aimed at support of national financial system and stimulation of economic growth. By 2010 the nation reached relative economic stability and then proceeded into a slow recovery. Still, the crisis highlighted serious risks of ongoing financialization and de-industrialization in the UK. So, the government began to develop a long-term program of modernization and structural reshaping of national economy. Nordic countries also actively used Keynesian-type anti-crisis measures. The most interesting is Swedish case. The nation passed the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 smoother than other EU members due to deep institutional reforms undertaken after the acute crisis of 1991-1993. Then Sweden experienced a deep fall of GDP combined with a crisis of local banks, surge of interest rates and unemployment level, weakening of national currency. This pushed Riksbank to introduce strict measures for limiting the inflation rate, Riksdag – caps for state budget expenditure. State sector of national economy was substantially decreased. These measures proved to have long-term positive implications. In contrast, Ireland that enjoyed an impressive economic growth before 2008 was badly prepared to external shocks. The Irish government’s reactions to financial and economic turmoil were rather spontaneous. The main task was to stabilize the local financial system that suffered from excessive dependency on foreign markets. Only by 2014 Ireland showed signs of economic recovery. Similarly, Baltic countries found themselves to be ill prepared for functioning under economic crisis conditions. Neither national governments nor EU Commission succeeded to propose efficient anti-crisis actions. As a result, population of Baltic nations most heavily suffered from the crisis. In Greece crisis made inevitable substantial revision of national social and economic model, as well as the political parties’ system. Under strong pressures from the EU Greece at last started to implement long-needed reforms in such spheres as budget planning, labor legislation, social insurance, healthcare and education. Acknowledgments. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation. Project № 14-07-00047a “European Union as a Testing Site of New Anti-Crisis Technologies under Conditions of Globalization”.