bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aster × chusanensis Growth and Phenolic Acid Composition under Different Cultivation Temperatures
Authors: Sim Han-Sol , Kwon Hyuk Joon , Jang Seong-Nam , Lee Ga Oun , Kang In-Je , Yang Gyu-Sik , Nam Gi-Heum , Park Ji Eun , Byun Ha Yeon , You Young-Hyun , Son Ki-Ho
Published: July 2024

Plants of the Asteraceae family have been cultivated worldwide for economic, medicinal, and ornamental purposes, including genera such as Aster, Helianthus, and Cosmos. Numerous studies examined their secondary metabolites; however, those of Aster × chusanensis, which is a natural hybrid species in South Korea, are unclear, and optimized propagation methods should be identified. We analyzed phenolic acid concentrations in each part of Aster × chusanensis through HPLC. Further, we investigated the growth characteristics and secondary metabolite concentrations under various growth temperatures using division propagation, followed by growing at 20, 25, and 30 °C in a growth chamber. Chlorogenic acid was the primary compound, which was particularly high in the leaves. The growth characteristics did not differ significantly between temperatures, and 30 °C was most efficient for phenolic acid biosynthesis. Our results provide valuable information on optimized propagation and secondary metabolite concentrations under different temperatures of Aster × chusanensis.
Golden 2-like Transcription Factors Regulate Photosynthesis under UV-B Stress by Regulating the Calvin Cycle
Authors: Zhou Xiangru , Yu Wang , Gong Fushuai , Xu Hongwei , Lyu Jie , Zhou Xiaofu
Published: July 2024

UV-B stress can affect plant growth at different levels, and although there is a multitude of evidence confirming the effects of UV-B radiation on plant photosynthesis, there are fewer studies using physiological assays in combination with multi-omics to investigate photosynthesis in alpine plants under stressful environments. Golden 2-like (G2-like/GLK) transcription factors (TFs) are highly conserved during evolution and may be associated with abiotic stress. In this paper, we used Handy-PEA and Imaging-PAM Maxi to detect chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) after UV-B stress, and we also investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthesis in plants under stress environments. We used a combination of proteomics, widely targeted metabolomics, and transcriptomics to study the changes of photosynthesis-related substances after UV-B stress. The results showed that UV-B stress was able to impair the donor side of photosystem II (PSII), inhibit electron transfer and weaken photosynthesis, and abscisic acid was able to alleviate the damage caused by UV-B stress to the photosynthetic apparatus. Significant changes in G2-like transcription factors occurred in R. chrysanthum after UV-B stress, and differentially expressed genes localized in the Calvin cycle were strongly correlated with members of the G2-like TF family. Multi-omics assays and physiological measurements together revealed that G2-like TFs can influence photosynthesis in R. chrysanthum under UV-B stress by regulating the Calvin cycle. This paper provides insights into the study of photosynthesis in plants under stress, and is conducive to the adoption of measures to improve photosynthesis in plants under stress to increase yield.
The Identification of Kabatiella zeae as a Causal Agent of Northern Anthracnose of Sorghum in China and Estimation of Host Resistance
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Wang Yu , Hu Lan , Xu Jing , Yan Jichen , Cao Peng , Liu Chunjuan , Shi Xiaolong , Liu Chang , Jiang Yu , Zhou Yufei
Published: July 2024

Sorghum northern anthracnose is a leaf disease affecting sorghum, which results in plant death and substantial yield loss. This study aimed to effectively understand the disease, clarify its biological characteristics, and evaluate the resistance of germplasm resources. A field sample was collected to isolate and purify the pathogen. The pathogen, identified as Kabatiella zeae Narita et Hiratsuka using both morphological and molecular techniques, was further confirmed as the causative agent of northern anthracnose of sorghum following Robert Koch’s principles. The results revealed the optimal culture temperature to be 25 °C, preferred dark culture conditions, and the best growth on potato glucose agar medium with sucrose and L-leucine as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. A total of 138 sorghum germplasm resources were inoculated and evaluated using the isolated pathogen, with 20 lines (14.49%) exhibiting high resistance, 18 lines (13.04%) showing disease resistance, 27 lines (19.57%) demonstrating medium resistance, 37 lines (26.81%) being susceptible, and 36 lines (26.09%) classified as highly susceptible. The indoor fungicide screening was conducted through pathogen medium application, and enilconazole, pyraclostrobin, methylthiophanate, and flusilazole were screened for the best fungicide inhibition with a 100% inhibition rate compared with the control. This study provides reference for field pharmaceutical control in sorghum production.
Insecticidal Activity of Some Major Essential Oil Components against Metopolophium dirhodum and Its Predators
Authors: Pavela Roman , Novák Matěj
Published: July 2024

Essential oils (EOs) are plant metabolites with important insecticidal effects. Nevertheless, information on the efficacy of the major substances on aphids and their natural enemies is still missing. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to identify the efficacy of selected EO majority substances—β-citronellol, carvacrol, isoeugenol, and linalool, including their binary mixtures—on the mortality and fertility of the aphid Metopolophium dirhodum, an important cereal pest. The best efficacy was proven for the binary mixture of β-citronellol and linalool (1:1 ratio), for which the estimated LC50(90) is 0.56(1.58) mL L−1. This binary mixture applied in sublethal concentrations significantly reduced aphid fertility. It was found that the phenomenon can be attributed to β-citronellol, as the females treated with LC30 laid 45.9% fewer nymphs, on average, compared to the control. Although β-citronellol and linalool, including their 1:1 mixture, showed very good efficacy on aphid mortality, they were, on the other hand, very friendly to the larvae of Aphidoletes aphidimyza and Chrysoperla carnea, which are important aphid predators. Based on our results, the newly discovered synergically acting binary mixture β-citronellol/linalool can be recommended as an efficient substance suitable for the further development of botanical insecticides used against aphids.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Thermally Sensitive Polymeric Derivatives of N-vinylcaprolactam
Authors: Gola Agnieszka , Pietrańczyk Rafał , Musiał Witold
Published: July 2024

Six derivatives of poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) P1-P6 were synthesized via surfactant-free precipitation polymerization (SFPP) at 70 °C, with potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. P5 and P6 were synthesized using the cross-linker N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The conductivity was measured to monitor the polymerization process. The hydrodynamic diameters (HDs) and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) of aqueous dispersions of P1-P6 were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ZP) using electrophoretic mobilities. At 18 °C for P1–P6, the HDs (nm) were 428.32 ± 81.30 and PDI 0.31 ± 0.19, 528.60 ± 84.70 (PDI 0.42 ± 0,04), 425.96 ± 115.42 (PDI 0.56 ± 0.08), 440.34 ± 106.40 (PDI 0.52 ± 0.09), 198.39 ± 225.35 (PDI 0.40 ± 0.19), and 1201.52 ± 1318.05 (PDI 0.71 ± 0.30), the and ZPs were (mV) 0.90 ± 3.23, −4.46 ± 1.22, −6.44 ± 1.82, 0.22 ± 0.48, 0.18 ± 0.79, and −0.02 ± 0.39 for P1–P6, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature ranged from 27 to 29 °C. The polymers were characterized using the ATR-FTIR method. The study concluded that the physicochemical properties of the product were significantly affected by the initial reaction parameters. Polymers P1-P4 and P6 have potential for use as drug carriers for skin applications.
Sustainable All-Cellulose Biocomposites from Renewable Biomass Resources Fabricated in a Water-Based Processing System by the Vacuum-Filtration-Assisted Impregnation Method
Authors: Yapar Özkan , Piltonen Petteri , Hadela Ajra , Lobnik Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

The increasing awareness of global ecological concerns and the rising sustainability consciousness associated with the manufacturing of non-renewable and non-biodegradable composite materials have led to extensive research on product and process developments of more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and fully biodegradable biocomposites for higher-value end-use applications. All-cellulose composites (ACCs) are an emerging class of biocomposites, which are produced utilizing solely cellulose as a raw material that is derived from various renewable biomass resources, such as trees and plants, and are assessed as fully biodegradable. In this study, sustainable ACCs were fabricated for the first time based on the full dissolution of commercially available sulfite dissolving (D) pulps as a matrix with concentrations of 1.5 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% in an aqueous NaOH–urea solvent, and they were then impregnated on/into the pre-fabricated birch (B), abaca (A), and northern softwood (N) fiber sheets as reinforcements by the vacuum-filtration-assisted impregnation approach. This research aimed to investigate the effects of the impregnated cellulose matrix concentrations and types of the utilized cellulose fiber reinforcements (B, A, N) on the morphological, crystalline, structural, and physio-mechanical properties of the ACCs. The highest degrees of improvements were achieved for tensile strength (+532%, i.e., from 9.24 MPa to 58.04 MPa) and strain at break of the B fiber-reinforced ACC B1.5 (+446%, i.e., from 1.36% to 4.62%) fabricated with vacuum impregnation of the 1.5 wt.% cellulose matrix. Noticeably, the greatest improvements were attained in strain at break of the A and N fiber-reinforced ACCs A2.0 (+218%, i.e., from 4.44 % to 14.11%) and N2.0 (+466%, i.e., 2.59% to 14.65%), respectively, produced with vacuum impregnation of the 2.0 wt.% cellulose matrix. The study highlights the diverse properties of the all-cellulose biocomposite materials that could, expectedly, lead to further development and research for upscaled production of the ACCs.
Phenolation to Improve Hardwood Kraft Lignin for Wood Adhesive Application
Authors: Liu Li-Yuan , Chiang Wan-Shuan , Chang Hou-min , Yeh Ting-Feng
Published: July 2024

Lignins, naturally occurring aromatic polymers with phenylpropane units, are promising bio-based alternatives for petroleum-based products. Resole-type phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive is commonly used in wood composites requiring durability and weather-proofness. However, PF adhesive is a petroleum-based product. The objective of this study is to transform the low-reactivity hardwood kraft lignin (KL) as the phenol substitute in the PF adhesive formulation by acidic phenolation. The variations in the molecular weights, chemical structures, and functional groups in lignins were investigated before and after the phenolation. The results indicate that the KL can be cleaved, and phenols are crosslinked onto KL to produce phenolated kraft lignin (PKL) under the suitable phenolation condition, heating 3/5 (w/w) of KL/phenol at 90 °C for 2 h with 5% H2SO4 as the catalyst. Resole-type PKL-PF adhesives can be directly synthesized after the phenolation in the same reactor. Plywood laminated with this adhesive obtains satisfactory strength and low formaldehyde emission. This not only reduces the usage of petroleum-based phenol but also increases the reactivity and applications for hardwood KL.
A Maxwell–Stefan Approach to Ion and Water Transport in a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack
Authors: Veerman Joost
Published: July 2024

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the methods able to generate energy from the salinity gradient between sea- and river water. The technique is based on the diffusion of ions through membranes that specifically allow either cations or anions to pass through. This ion current is converted into an external electric current at electrodes via suitable redox reactions. Seawater contains mainly eight different ions and the description of transport phenomena in membranes in classical terms of isolated species is not sufficient because the different particles have different velocities—in the same direction or opposite—in the same membrane. More realistic is the Maxwell–Stefan (MS) theory that takes all interactions between the different particles in account; however, such a model is complex and validation is difficult. Therefore, a simplified system is used with solely NaCl in solution, using only 9 diffusivities in the calculation. These values are estimated from the literature and are applied to an MS model of the RED process. Using experimental data of NaCl and water transport as well as power density, these diffusivities are adapted in the MS model. Reliable values for the diffusivities were obtained for the following three interactions: H2O–Na+, H2O–Cl− and Na+–Cl−.
Determinants of the Effectiveness of Risk Management in the Project Portfolio in the FinTech Industry
Authors: Khalil-Oliwa Oliwia , Jonek-Kowalska Izabela
Published: July 2024

Risk management in the project portfolio can contribute to more effective implementation of the goals of the projects, the portfolio, and the entire organization. However, in the literature on the subject, relatively little attention is paid to the determinants of this process. Moreover, the process course is rarely analyzed in a strategic context relating to the entire organization. For these reasons, this article’s primary goal is to identify the determinants of the effectiveness of risk management in the project portfolio. Research in this area was carried out in the FinTech industry, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the most important dimensions of the examined effectiveness are the strategic orientation of the organization and the risk management process in the project portfolio. At the level of strategic orientation, this highlights the need for coherence between the organization’s strategy and the project portfolio. At the level of risk management in the project portfolio, the primacy of ownership and control of individual risks is clearly visible.
Geopotential Difference Measurement Using Two Transportable Optical Clocks’ Frequency Comparisons
Authors: Liu Daoxin , Wu Lin , Xiong Changliang , Bao Lifeng
Published: July 2024

High-accuracy optical clocks have garnered increasing attention for their potential application in various fields, including geodesy. According to the gravitational red-shift effect, clocks at lower altitudes on the Earth’s surface run slower than those at higher altitudes due to the differential gravitational field. Consequently, the geopotential difference can be determined by simultaneously comparing the frequency of two optical clocks at disparate locations. Here, we report geopotential difference measurements conducted using a pair of transportable 40Ca+ optical clocks with uncertainties at the 10−17 level. After calibrating the output frequencies of two optical clocks in the horizontal position, frequency comparison is realized by moving Clock 2 to two different positions using a high-precision optical fiber time–frequency transmission link with Clock 1. The elevation difference of the two different positions, as processed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), is measured as −88.4 cm ± 16.7 cm and 104.5 cm ± 20.1 cm, respectively, which is consistent with the geometric measurement results within the error range. This experimental result validates the credibility of the optical clock time–frequency comparison used in determining geopotential differences, thereby providing a novel measurement model for the establishment of a global unified elevation datum.
Combining UAV-Based Multispectral and Thermal Infrared Data with Regression Modeling and SHAP Analysis for Predicting Stomatal Conductance in Almond Orchards
Authors: Guimarães Nathalie , Sousa Joaquim J. , Couto Pedro , Bento Albino , Pádua Luís
Published: July 2024

Understanding and accurately predicting stomatal conductance in almond orchards is critical for effective water-management strategies, especially under challenging climatic conditions. In this study, machine-learning (ML) regression models trained on multispectral (MSP) and thermal infrared (TIR) data acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used to address this challenge. Through an analysis of spectral indices calculated from UAV-based data and feature-selection methods, this study investigates the predictive performance of three ML models (extra trees, ET; stochastic gradient descent, SGD; and extreme gradient boosting, XGBoost) in predicting stomatal conductance. The results show that the XGBoost model trained with both MSP and TIR data had the best performance (R2 = 0.87) and highlight the importance of integrating surface-temperature information in addition to other spectral indices to improve prediction accuracy, up to 11% more when compared to the use of only MSP data. Key features, such as the green–red vegetation index, chlorophyll red-edge index, and the ratio between canopy temperature and air temperature (Tc-Ta), prove to be relevant features for model performance and highlight their importance for the assessment of water stress dynamics. Furthermore, the implementation of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values facilitates the interpretation of model decisions and provides valuable insights into the contributions of the features. This study contributes to the advancement of precision agriculture by providing a novel approach for stomatal conductance prediction in almond orchards, supporting efforts towards sustainable water management in changing environmental conditions.
Review of Integrated Management Systems to Re-Engineer Existing Nonconformances Troubleshooting System
Authors: Moso Matshidiso , Olanrewaju Oludolapo Akanni
Published: July 2024

Total quality management (TQM) is a strategic philosophy that has adopted kaizen activities which drives the business to carry out activities effectively to yield the best desired output, hence, a profitable organization. The kaizen philosophy acts as a catalyst in productivity rate and integrated management systems (IMS) which results in drastic improvements. When the nonconformity arises within the process, the accuracy of the problem solving determines quality of preventive action, therefore the preventive action should be accompanied by the opportunity of improvement from the raised nonconformance. This research seeks to add more knowledge and upgrade technology of problem-solving models relating to the integrated management systems by examining various troubleshooting models for problem solving and preventive action related to quality nonconformances, safety incidents and engineering breakdowns. Hence, the aim of this research is for troubleshooting model technique enhancement for issues related to process engineering, quality management systems and occupational health and safety by creating a model which analyses kaizen projects from the corrective and preventive action analysis of nonconformances. The proposed troubleshooting model was developed using lean techniques and risk rating tools; it was then applied to the case study company for simulation and the outcomes resulted in the closure of nonconformances and continual improvement of future projects. The proposed model is more advantageous to the manufacturing industries seeking to improve their Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA) systems.
Subjective Effects of Using a Passive Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Industrial Textile Workers
Authors: Capodaglio Edda Maria , Amitrano Federica , Coccia Armando , Gabba Vittorio , Pagano Gaetano , D’Addio Giovanni , Panigazzi Monica
Published: July 2024

Industrial wool textile production exposes workers mainly to the biomechanical loading of the shoulder joint. In this work context, which is characterized by poor machine ergonomics, exposure to biomechanical risk factors, and variable work organization, exoskeletons could facilitate work processes or could be a valuable means to protect workers from overuse injuries. Field evaluation is essential to verify the suitability of specific devices and their acceptance by users. As part of a pilot study, we examined the short-term subjective effects of a passive Arm-Support Exoskeleton (ASE) on workers performing repetitive overhead tasks. In a textile factory, eight workers participated in the study, answering questionnaires after carrying out a work session with (ASE) and without an exoskeleton (FREE). Participants had been using the Paexo exoskeleton for 4.2±5.8 months (min 0–max 12). Subjective evaluations were collected regarding the workload (NASA-TLX) and relief (Borg’s CR10 scale) obtained from the use of the exoskeleton, satisfaction (Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST)), usability (System Usability Scale (SUS)), and opinions on the ergonomics of the device (Ergonomics questionnaire). Workers reported a high workload (NASA 7.2±1.0) and assessed a 46% reduction in effort on the CR10 in ASE conditions compared to FREE. They expressed high satisfaction with most characteristics of the ASE (100% satisfied with durability and effectiveness), high level of usability (62% of scores above 80, out of a maximum score of 100), and ergonomics of the device (88±12, out of a maximum score of 110). In addition to the objective effects (electromyography (EMG) reduction) already demonstrated in a previous publication, these qualitative results demonstrate a positive perception by textile workers regarding the effectiveness, usability, and suitability of the exoskeleton. The adoption of ASE in the textile industry appears beneficial in the short term, but the impact associated with individual variables and long-term effects remains to be explored.
Digital News Blindspot: Radon Awareness in Portuguese Digital Media
Authors: Zocca Ricardo
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the underrepresentation of radon gas within the media discourse, particularly in Portugal. Employing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, this paper examines how major Portuguese digital newspapers have covered radon gas, aiming to deepen our understanding of this critical issue. The findings reveal a significant lack of coverage on radon gas over 24 years in the selected newspapers. Surprisingly, only a few articles were identified, failing to convey its importance effectively. Despite identifying some risk communication strategies, their impact was statistically insignificant, indicating a clear discrepancy in attention. This study emphasizes the urgent need for balanced reporting on public health risks like radon gas and offers insights into enhancing risk communication strategies. Ultimately, it contributes to advocating for more comprehensive coverage of critical public health issues in the media.
Economic Valuation of the University of Brasília Arboretum and Determinants of Willingness to Pay for the Arboretum
Authors: Alvares Manuella de Rezende , Angelo Humberto , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Paula Maristela Franchetti de , Brasil Alexandre Anders , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli
Published: July 2024

Despite forest remnants being crucial components of the urban environment, they have been insufficiently studied in terms of their economic value. This study aimed to assess the economic value of the Arboretum at the University of Brasília (UnB) in the Federal District, using the contingent valuation method (CVM) from environmental economics to facilitate effective preservation measures. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to the university population of UnB residing in the Federal District. The findings indicated a willingness among the university community to contribute to the conservation of the Arboretum. Specifically, the study estimated the economic value of the environmental asset, determined the likelihood of willingness to pay (WTP), calculated the average monthly WTP, and analyzed the respondents’ profiles to identify the factors influencing WTP. Among the psychographic, environmental, and socioeconomic variables, only the variables related to environmental segmentation were statistically significant determinants of WTP. The analysis showed that individuals with a greater understanding of ecology were more inclined to express willingness to pay for the Arboretum. Thus, the variable “EK” was identified as an important predictor of environmentally favorable behaviors. The study concluded that the Arboretum’s estimated economic value in 2020 was BRL 57,890,196.00 (with USD 1.00 = BRL 5.25), and the willingness to pay for this environmental asset was estimated at BRL 5.33 per month, consistent with values estimated for other conservation units in Brazil. This willingness to pay makes it possible to generate subsidies for the development of public policies and management strategies to improve and preserve the Arboretum.
Antibiotic Residues in Struvite Fertilizers Precipitated by Different Processes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Bloem Elke , Albert Sophia , Thiel Maria , Keßeler Paul , Clemens Joachim , Kolb Andreas , Dockhorn Thomas
Published: July 2024

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a precipitation product that can be obtained in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and represents a promising fertilizer and technical solution for phosphorus recovery. Struvite can be recovered from the wastewater stream, during sludge digestion or by accelerated acid leaching from sludge followed by solid–liquid separation and struvite precipitation from the liquid phase. Moreover, struvite can be precipitated from industrial effluents or agricultural wastes. The resulting products are of different purity. Antibiotic residues are a relevant class of contaminants as already traces can induce or promote the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The aim of the current study was a screening of struvite raw materials precipitated by different processes in German WWTPs for their contamination by selected antibiotics out of the classes of sulfonamides (SAs), fluoroquinolones (FQs) and tetracyclines (TCs). Slightly higher antibiotic residues were detected when struvite was precipitated from the solid phase with a maximum of 133 µg TCs, 484 µg FQs and 8 µg SAs compared to 8 µg TCs, 86 µg FQs and 9 µg SAs per kg dry weight (DW) when struvite was obtained from the liquid phase. FQs were most frequently found in low but quantifiable concentrations in almost all struvite raw materials. Yet, the contamination level of struvite from WWTPs can generally be regarded as low compared to sewage sludge. Products received from effluents from the food industry were found to be almost free of antibiotic residues.
Optimal Shoot Mass for Propagation to Increase the Yield and Quality of Pineapple
Authors: Hung Nguyen Quoc , Ha Le Thi My , Lien Dao Thi , Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh , Lam Vu Phong
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of shoot mass on the growth, flowering, and yield of pineapple plants in two consecutive crops (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). Four treatments with varying shoot masses (200–300 g, 350–400 g, 450–500 g, >500 g) were analyzed for their flowering time, fruit harvesting, and yield parameters. To induce flowering, Ethrel was applied at a concentration of 0.4%. Each shoot was treated with 20–25 mL of Ethrel, resulting in synchronized flowering in the pineapples. The experiment employed a complete randomized block design (RCBD) comprising four treatments. The results reveal that bigger shoot masses lead to earlier flowering and a shorter time for fruit harvesting, ranging from mid-February to early July. Furthermore, this study explored the yield factors, showing that shoot masses of 350–500 g consistently result in higher harvest numbers, fruit weights, and theoretical yields. The influence of shoot mass on fruit quality parameters, including size, biochemical composition, and edibility, was also examined. Notably, smaller shoot masses are associated with higher dry matter, vitamin C, sugar, and brix levels, indicating superior quality. The findings suggest that optimizing shoot mass could significantly impact the pineapple cultivation timeline, yield, and fruit quality, providing valuable insights for pineapple farmers and cultivators. These findings carry profound implications for pineapple cultivation practices and market strategies. By optimizing shoot mass, growers can strategically adjust planting schedules to capitalize on favorable flowering and harvesting periods, potentially enhancing market competitiveness. Moreover, the insights gleaned regarding fruit quality parameters offer avenues for targeted marketing strategies, catering to discerning consumer preferences for superior-quality produce. Thus, this study not only advances scientific understanding but also provides actionable insights that could revolutionize pineapple cultivation practices and market positioning strategies, ultimately benefiting farmers and cultivators alike.
An Analysis of the Eco-Efficiency of the Agricultural Industry in the Brazilian Amazon Biome
Authors: Saiki Gabriela Mayumi , Serrano André Luiz Marques , Rodrigues Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta , Rosano-Peña Carlos , Pompermayer Fabiano Mezadre , Albuquerque Pedro Henrique Melo
Published: July 2024

The exponential growth of the agricultural industry in the Amazon region has brought about notable economic advancements. However, this growth has substantially cost the region’s ecosystems, manifesting in increased deforestation and biodiversity degradation within the Amazon forest. This article is dedicated to assessing the eco-efficiency of agricultural production in Amazon Biome municipalities. It places particular emphasis on identifying critical determinants through the utilization of the classic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for efficiency computation, super-efficiency models for distinctive characterization, bootstrap computational techniques for robust resampling, and the Malmquist index for calculating annual eco-efficiency indices of each Decision-Making Unit (DMU). An exploration of the correlation between efficiency and meteorological attributes of the municipalities is conducted. The findings of this study reveal the following significant points: Eco-efficient municipalities within the Amazon Biome can serve as benchmarks for other DMUs striving to attain optimal input–output levels, most municipalities in the Amazon Biome operate close to the productive frontier due to the prevalent technology employed in their agricultural activities, the nature of the technological frontier’s return suggests that small and large DMUs possess eco-efficiency potential, and the current dataset does not yield conclusive evidence regarding a direct correlation between the variables. Leveraging this information, strategic pathways can be formulated to drive economic development in tandem with the sustainability of Amazon Biome municipalities. These strategies promise to foster social, economic, and environmental benefits for the populace while providing valuable insights to inform future research within this thematic domain.
Iron- and Nitrogen-Modified Biochar for Nitrate Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Haghighi Mood Sohrab , Pelaez-Samaniego Manuel Raul , Han Yinglei , Mainali Kalidas , Garcia-Perez Manuel
Published: July 2024

Nutrient pollution poses a significant global environmental threat, and addressing this issue remains an ongoing challenge. Biochar has been identified as a potential adsorbent for environmental remediation. However, raw biochar has a low nitrate adsorption capacity; thus, biochar modification is necessary for targeted environmental applications. This work explored and compared the performance of Fe-doped, N-doped, and N-Fe-co-doped biochars from Douglas fir toward nitrate removal from an aqueous solution. A central composite experimental design was used to optimize processing variables, maximizing the surface area and nitrate adsorption capacity. Proximate analysis, elemental composition, gas physisorption, XPS, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD were used to characterize the biochar’s properties. Pyrolysis under NH3 gas generated more pores in biochar than conventional pyrolysis. Doping biochar with N and Fe improved nitrate adsorption capacity from aqueous solutions. The maximum nitrate adsorption capacity of Fe-N-doped biochar produced at 800 °C was 20.67 mg g−1 in sorption tests at pH 3.0. The formation of N-containing functional groups and Fe oxides on the biochar surface enhanced the nitrate removal efficiency of N-Fe biochar. The results indicate that biochar’s adsorption capacity for NO3− is largely affected by the solution’s pH and biochar’s surface chemistry. Electrostatic attraction is the primary mechanism for nitrate adsorption.
Spatial and Temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Eco-Efficiency of Cultivated Land Use in Main Grain-Producing Areas of China
Authors: Ma Yan , Wang Xingyu , Zhong Chuanliang
Published: July 2024

With global population growth and economic development, the sustainable utilization of arable land resources has become the key to guaranteeing food security and ecological balance. Eco-efficiency in cultivated land use (ECLU)has been increasingly emphasized as an important indicator of the coordinated development of agricultural production and the ecological environment. Studying ECLU in main grain-producing areas (MGPAs) is of great significance for realizing China’s food security guarantee, formulating and implementing scientific land use policies and measures, and safeguarding the long-term healthy development of agriculture. Based on provincial panel data of MGPA from 2008–2021, ECLU is calculated by the super-efficiency slacks-based measure model based on non-desired outputs (SSBM) and non-parametric kernel density estimation. The Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition model was used to explore the spatial non-equilibrium characteristics of ECLU in China, and the geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) model was used to analyze the influencing factors of ECLU. The results showed the following: (1) ECLU in the MGPA showed a fluctuating upward trend, but the overall level was low. (2) In terms of regional disparity, the absolute difference in the development of ECLU among provinces showed a trend of “small-scale expansion followed by reduction”. (3) ECLU showed significant spatial imbalances, with notable internal disparities within the three basins. (4) The effects of economic development level and agricultural irrigation index on ECLU in the MGPA were positively correlated. Based on these findings, this paper suggests implementing region-specific and phased policies tailored to the natural resources and socio-economic conditions of different areas. The aim is to enhance the ecological environment, promote coordinated agricultural development, optimize regional growth, reduce agricultural disparities, and achieve sustainable development for both people and arable land.
Global Leadership for Sustainability: Essential Competencies for Leading Transformative Multi-Sector Partnerships
Authors: Altman Barbara W. , Fry Louis W.
Published: July 2024

Multi-sector partnerships (MSPs), as a collaborative approach to address complex social issues, have been documented in the literature for nearly forty years. Transformational MSPs, which accomplish system-wide change, are integral to accomplishing Sustainable Development Goal 17. While MSP research has uncovered some factors that ensure partnership success, leader competencies for these inter-organizational phenomena are underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to identify the leadership competencies necessary for leading a successful transformative MSP and, in doing so, propose that global leadership for sustainability (GLfS) not only encompasses these competencies but also incorporates and extends current approaches to the leadership of transformative MSPs. For context, we present an overview of the existing multi-sector partnership literature, highlighting how the field has evolved and the critical phases of its development, including a definition of a transformational MSP. This leads us to examine various leadership models that, taken together, specify the necessary and partner development competencies for leading transformative MSPs. We then demonstrate how the GLfS model can be used to facilitate the success of transformative MSPs for achieving system-wide change focused on sustainable development and the triple bottom line. Finally, we conclude by re-examining MSP themes and identifying avenues for future theory, research, and practice.
Young Consumers’ Price Perceptions in Purchasing Foods: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Kalyva Zoi C. , Kosma Ioanna S. , Skalkos Dimitris
Published: July 2024

The recent consecutive economic and social crises impose sustainable “from farm to fork” food chain management to feed the global population. In this study, we investigated the price perceptions of young consumers (Gen Z) in purchasing foods in Greece to find out the determinants ensuring sustainable, future food consumption. We used eight overall price perception determinants, five with negative roles, namely value and price consciousness, coupon and sales proneness, and price mavenism, and three with positive roles, namely price–quality, price–value, and prestige–sensitivity for the formation of the study’s questionnaire. A total of 514 students (Gen Z, 85%) answered the questionnaire, promoted through the Google platform during September and October 2023. The data were analyzed with statistical tools, combining cross and chi-square tests. Between the negative determinants, the “value consciousness” price perceptions (71.02%) were the most important parameters in purchasing food, followed by “price consciousness” (55.02%) parameters. “Coupon proneness”, 48.4%, and “sales proneness”, 49%, were equally lower, while “price mavenism” parameters were minimally preferred by only 26.4% of the participants. Participants exhibited a major preference for the “value to price” interconnection (66.7%), such as good value for money, value exceeding a product’s price, and overvalued low-priced foods, while their preference for the “quality to price” interconnection was significantly lower (48.8%), such as in terms of getting what you pay for, more money for better quality, and priced, quality foods. The “prestige–sensitivity” price perception was outside of their preferences in terms of food purchasing (only 7.1%). Our findings indicate that young consumers (Gen Z) pay more attention to the values of negative and positive parameters concerning price perceptions when purchasing food rather than quality, coupons and sales, low prices, and mavenism, or even the prestige of the foods. This means that value issues such as the perceived environmental impact (green value), the climate crisis, the social signaling potential, and others are significant concerns, including their price perceptions for food purchases.
Statistical Analysis of Overseas Tourist Arrivals to South Africa in Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development
Authors: Chipumuro Musara , Chikobvu Delson , Makoni Tendai
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the global tourism and hospitality industry, crippling foreign currency earnings and employment in many countries, South Africa (SA) included. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overseas tourist arrivals to SA, and to make an inference on the country’s foreign currency earnings on economic development. The Box–Jenkins methodology is used in fitting non-seasonal integrated autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models to quantify and characterise the number of overseas tourists to SA. The ARIMA 1,0,1(0,1,1)12 model is the best fitting model for the overseas tourist arrivals data to SA, as confirmed by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The model shows good forecasting power in the absence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by the validation results. The difference between forecasts and actual values after the validation phase shows the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overseas tourist arrivals to SA and the challenges it poses to the statistical modelling of tourist arrivals to SA, considering the pandemic was the first of its kind. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the tourism industry’s vulnerability to economic shocks, showing the need for aggressive marketing strategies that may revamp the tourism sectors to levels previously expected before and or after COVID-19 for sustainable development.
On Caprock Seal Integrity of Tuscaloosa Mudstone at Cranfield, MS (USA), CO2 Injection Site
Authors: Romanov Vyacheslav , Haljasmaa Igor , Soong Yee
Published: July 2024

Saline formations deep underground are among the most promising targets for large-scale geologic carbon storage. The caprock seal integrity evaluation is an important component of commercial-scale CO2 sequestration projects. Measurements of the porosity and permeability of mudstone samples from the NETL-supported Cranfield Project were performed using a helium porosimeter and a core flow apparatus, before and after exposure in a CO2-saturated brine environment. The permeability of the core samples rapidly decreased with the increase in confining pressure and did not fully recover after decompression. On the other hand, exposure to CO2 led to an increase in the permeability by at least an order of magnitude. The porosity changes after the exposure were not substantial. The post-exposure increase in permeability was subsequently offset by its rapid decrease during the higher-pressure confinement. Extrapolation of the observed permeability trends to in situ reservoir conditions suggests that Tuscaloosa mudstone can effectively serve as a natural seal.
Research on Collaborative Risk Management Mechanism of Mega Projects: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model Considering the Participation of Insurance Institution
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Li Boya , Zhang Manqi , Hertogh Marcel
Published: July 2024

The frequent occurrence of mega project accidents has created an issue of risk management and has made its solution highly valued. In the case that the owner is at a regulatory disadvantage, insurance institution can provide a new pattern for risk management of mega projects. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of insurance institution’s participation in mega project risk management on the decision-making of all participants and the promotion of the overall effectiveness of collaborative risk management of all participants. By constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model between the insurance institution, supervision unit and contractor, the conditions of the behavior evolution process of each participant and the important parameters affecting the change in behavior strategies are analyzed. The results indicate that the participation of insurance institution can promote the risk management investment of the supervision unit and contractor, and punitive measures can make participants pay more attention to the losses caused by the occurrence of risks In order to encourage insurance institution to participate in risk management of mega projects, incentive measures need to be taken to dispel their concerns cost surrounding costs. This study is helpful to reduce the probability of risk occurrence so as to realize the sustainable development of mega projects and provides management suggestions for insurance institution to participate in risk management.
Research Progress on Micro(nano)plastic-Induced Programmed Cell Death Associated with Disease Risks
Authors: Liu Huanpeng , Li Huiqi , Chen Ting , Yu Fan , Lin Qizhuan , Zhao Haiyang , Jin Libo , Peng Renyi
Published: July 2024

Due to their robust migration capabilities, slow degradation, and propensity for adsorbing environmental pollutants, micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are pervasive across diverse ecosystems. They infiltrate various organisms within different food chains through multiple pathways including inhalation and dermal contact, and pose a significant environmental challenge in the 21st century. Research indicates that MNPs pose health threats to a broad range of organisms, including humans. Currently, extensive detection data and studies using experimental animals and in vitro cell culture indicate that MNPs can trigger various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) and can induce various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of different MNP-induced PCD processes, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and apoptosis, based on recent research findings and focuses on elucidating the links between PCD and diseases. Additionally, targeted therapeutic interventions for these diseases are described. This review provides original insights into the opportunities and challenges posed by current research findings. This review evaluates ways to mitigate various diseases resulting from cell death patterns. Moreover, this paper enhances the understanding of the biohazards associated with MNPs by providing a systematic reference for subsequent toxicological research and health risk mitigation efforts.
A Qualitative Insight into Pre-Departure Orientation Training for Aspiring Nepalese Migrant Workers
Authors: Regmi Pramod , Aryal Nirmal , van Teijlingen Edwin , KC Radheshyam Krishna , Gautam Manish , Maharjan Sanju
Published: July 2024

Pre-departure orientation training (PDOT) can help equip aspiring migrant workers with skills and knowledge to mitigate vulnerabilities throughout their migration journey, including health. In Nepal, PDOT has been mandatory since 2004 for migrant workers awaiting labour permits. The current PDOT programme includes country-specific information as well as health and well-being advice. However, the views of trainees and trainers on PDOT are largely unknown. This qualitative study aims to explore perceptions of migrant workers and relevant stakeholders on the content and delivery of PDOT. Six focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants, and eight interviews with key stakeholders were conducted. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (a) PDOT structure, accessibility, and implementation; (b) role of stakeholders in labour migration process; (c) coordination and governance; (d) curriculum development and relevance; and (e) capacity of trainers and effectiveness of training. Our findings emphasise the need for a more tailored curriculum with relevant information, education, and communication resources, possibly with input from former migrant workers. Regular updates of training topics and resources, as well as continued engagement with migrants after their employment, are essential for meeting the dynamic demands of the global employment market.