bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations of providing patent and trademark assistance services at one's library
Authors: Griffis Patrick , Hoppenfeld Jared
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The authors' goal in writing this article was to provide background information and detailed considerations to assist those wishing to provide patent and trademark assistance at their libraries. The major considerations include staffing, spaces and resources, with the time commitment from the staff being the most significant.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper combined the experiences of an author relatively new to patent and trademark librarianship with one who has years of experience. These were used in tandem with knowledge gained from a decade of attendance at annual week-long seminars at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) as well as by way of a comprehensive literature review.

Findings

The main commitment needed in providing patent and trademark services to the public is not money but the investment of time, which includes professional development, staffing, teaching classes and workshops, outreach and consultations.

Originality/value

The information in this paper should serve as guidance to anyone new to providing patent and trademark services within their libraries, including those at Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs), Patent Information Centres (PATLIBs) and beyond. Although articles have been published on various aspects of intellectual property (IP) and libraries, a comprehensive guide to providing patent and trademark services has yet to be published.
Root traits and soil micro‐organisms as drivers of plant–soil feedbacks within the sub‐arctic tundra meadow
Authors: Spitzer Clydecia M. , Wardle David A. , Lindahl Björn D. , Sundqvist Maja K. , Gundale Michael J. , Fanin Nicolas , Kardol Paul
Published: November 2021

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) results from the influence of plants on the composition and abundance of various taxa and functional groups of soil micro‐organisms, and their reciprocal effects on the plants. However, little is understood about the importance of fine root traits and root economic strategies in moderating microbial‐driven PSF.

We examined the relationships between PSF and 11 chemical and morphological root traits from 18 sub‐arctic meadow plant species, as well as the soil microbial community composition which we characterized using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and high‐throughput sequencing. We also investigated the importance of the root economics spectrum in influencing PSF, because it indicates plant below‐ground economic strategies via trade‐offs between resource acquisition and conservation.

When we considered the entire root economics spectrum, we found that PSFs were more negative when root trait values were more acquisitive across the 18 species. In addition, PSF was more negative when values of root nitrogen content and root forks per root length were higher, and more positive when root dry matter content was higher. We additionally identified two fungal orders that were negatively related to PSF. However, we found no evidence that root traits influenced PSF through its relationship with these fungal orders.

Synthesis. Our results provide evidence that for some fine root traits, the root economics spectrum and some fungal orders have an important role in influencing PSF. By investigating the roles of soil micro‐organisms and fine root traits in driving PSF, this study enables us to better understand root trait–microbial linkages across species and therefore offers new insights about the mechanisms that underpin PSFs and ultimately plant community assembly.
Effect of computed tomography scanner location on time‐to‐computed tomography in the emergency department: A before and after study
Authors: Cabilan CJ , Eley Robert , Staib Andrew , Rowney Ben , Kay Phillip
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To compare time metrics associated with a temporary disruption to ED computed tomography (CT) scanner location from adjacent to the ED with direct access from resuscitation rooms, to a location remote to the ED.

Methods

A retrospective before and after study was conducted in a public metropolitan ED with over 66 000 presentations annually. Time‐to‐CT metrics, operational time metrics and ED length of stay were extracted and analysed from presentations between October 2020 and January 2021.

Results

There were 3031 CT scans during the study period. Overall, the disruption was associated with a significant 27–36 min delay (P < 0.01) in time‐to‐CT start; these delays were also observed in a subset of trauma patients. In a subset of presumed stroke patients, time‐to‐brain perfusion was significantly delayed by up to 10 min (P < 0.01). There was a 14% (P < 0.01) greater demand for operational services and a time imposition of up to 8 min (P < 0.01) to transport patients to or from CT scanning when the CT scanner was located away from the ED. ED length of stay was consistent at all time points.

Conclusion

Although rapid, proximate access to CT scanning is often considered desirable in terms of the management of trauma and other time‐critical emergencies, the wider time and resource implications demonstrated in this study suggest a potential broader benefit to co‐located CT scanning in ED. Our experience could be considered in future re‐design of EDs.
Auricularia auricula‐judae (Bull.) polysaccharides improve type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ‐induced mice by regulating the AKT/AMPK signaling pathways and the gut microbiota
Authors: Xu Nuo , Zhou Yingjun , Lu Xinyang , Chang Yaning
Published: November 2021

Auricularia auricula‐judae is an edible fungus with high nutritional value due to abundant polysaccharides, and is acknowledged as traditional food and medicine in Asia. Polysaccharides from A. auricula (AAPs) are typically fungal polysaccharides and have a wide range of biological activities. It has been shown the potential of AAPs to improve diabetes as an effective adjuvant, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects and potential mechanism of AAPs on type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that 50 and 100 mg/kg AAPs significantly decreased inflammation, liver injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, AAPs improved glycolipid metabolism disorders by activating the AKT and adenosine 5`monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in T2D mice. Furthermore, we investigated the association between changes of gut microbiota and AAPs effects using high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA for fecal samples. In our study, AAPs elevated gut microbiota diversity and optimized microbial composition and function in T2D mice, characterized by increased Lactobacillus and Bacteroides abundance and decreased Clostridium and Allobaculum abundance. Particularly, AAPs intervention mainly affected the amino acid metabolism and glycolipid metabolism pathways. Overall, this study confirms that AAPs can improve type 2 diabetes by regulating the AKT and AMPK pathways and modulating intestinal microbiota.

Practical Application

The article systematically verified the positive effects of AAPs on insulin resistance, glycolipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, and liver injury, key factors closely related to T2D. Furthermore, our study firstly determined the specific underlying mechanism that AAPs ameliorates T2D through regulating AKT/AMPK pathways and modifying the gut microbiota. These results could offer a full explanation and a potential option for the adjuvant therapy of diabetes with AAPs.
Can information drive demand for safer food? Impact of brand‐specific recommendations and test results on product choice
Authors: Kariuki Sarah Wairimu , Hoffmann Vivian
Published: November 2021

As an unobservable attribute, food safety is likely to be under‐provided by markets where regulatory enforcement is weak. In such settings, stimulating consumer demand for safer food can potentially encourage market actors to invest in food safety. Through a randomized trial in Kenya, we test the impact of informing consumers about which maize flour brands are most likely to comply with the regulatory standard for aflatoxin, a carcinogenic fungal byproduct. Providing information on safer brands alone does not significantly affect consumption behavior. However, when the same information is combined with a test performed on the maize flour stocked by the household, the likelihood that a safer brand is consumed 2 months later is 76% higher than in the comparison group. Our findings suggest that providing information on the relative riskiness of substitute foods could encourage consumers to make safer choices.
Marijuana toxicosis in dogs in Melbourne, Australia, following suspected ingestion of human faeces: 15 cases (2011–2020)
Authors: Lauinger CA , Peacock R
Published: November 2021

This retrospective case series describes a novel and unexpected source for marijuana toxicosis in dogs; suspected ingestion of human faeces containing Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Medical records from four, 24‐h veterinary emergency hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, were reviewed and 15 dogs met the criteria for inclusion in this case series. Clinical signs of marijuana toxicosis included ataxia (n = 13), mydriasis (n = 6), hyperaesthesia (n = 5), urinary incontinence (n = 4) and stupor (n = 3). A urine drug screening test was performed for eight dogs and all were positive for THC. Confirmation of ingestion of human faeces was based on owner‐witnessed ingestion (n = 7) or the presence of faecal material within vomit (n = 8). Sites of human faecal exposure were recorded to be a local park (n = 10), beach (n = 1), camp site (n = 1) and walking trail (n = 1). Time from exposure to development of clinical signs ranged between 3 and 6 h (n = 4). All dogs survived to discharge. Ingestion of human faeces containing THC may lead to marijuana toxicosis in dogs. Veterinary staff and owners should be attentive in regard to using appropriate hygiene measures when managing these dogs.
Donor activating killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors genes correlated with Epstein–Barr virus reactivation after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wang Xiang , Liu Xue‐Fei , Shang Qian‐Nan , Yu Xing‐Xing , Fan Ze‐Ying , Cao Xun‐Hong , Huo Ming‐Rui , Chang Ying‐Jun , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Xiang‐Yu
Published: November 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells exert anti‐viral effects after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The balance between inhibition and activation of NK cells determined by the inherited repertoire of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) genes may influence Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after transplantation. To evaluate the relative contributions of KIR genotypes to EBV reactivation, we prospectively enrolled 300 patients with malignant haematological disease who were suitable for haploidentical HSCT. Univariate analysis showed that donors with KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3 or KIR3DS1 genes were associated with an increased risk of EBV reactivation [hazard ratio (HR) 1·86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·19–2·9, P = 0·0067; HR 1·78, 95% CI 1·07‐2·97, P = 0·027; HR 1·86, 95% CI 1·19‐2·91, P = 0·0065 respectively]. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3 or KIR3DS1 genes was associated with increased EBV reactivation after HSCT. This effect was more evident in the absence of the cognate ligands for the corresponding activating receptors. Our present data firstly showed that donors with activating KIR genes, specifically activating KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3 and KIR3DS1, had an increased risk of EBV reactivation. Precaution for patients whose donors carry activating genes will help prevent EBV reactivation and improve patient prognosis after HSCT.
Early social communication development in infants with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica , McCracken Courtney , Pileggi Moira , Brane Natalie , Delehanty Abigail , Day Taylor , Federico Alexis , Klaiman Cheryl , Saulnier Celine , Klin Ami , Wetherby Amy
Published: November 2021

Social‐communication differences are a robust and defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but identifying early points of divergence in infancy has been a challenge. The current study examines social communication in 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants who develop ASD (N = 30; 23% female; 70% white) compared to typically developing (TD) infants (N = 94, 38% female; 88% white). Results demonstrate that infants later diagnosed with ASD were already exhibiting fewer social‐communication skills using eye gaze, facial expression, gestures, and sounds at 9 months (effect size: 0.42–0.89). Moreover, three unique patterns of change across distinct social‐communication skills were observed within the ASD group. This study documents that observable social‐communication differences for infants with ASD are unfolding by 9 months, pointing to a critical window for targeted intervention.
Aberrant salience in first‐episode psychosis: Longitudinal stability and treatment‐response
Authors: Scazza Ilaria , Pelizza Lorenzo , Azzali Silvia , Garlassi Sara , Paterlini Federica , Chiri Luigi Rocco , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea
Published: November 2021

Aim

Aberrant salience (AS) is considered a putative predisposing factor for the onset of psychosis. However, despite several studies conducted in the general population, research in early psychosis is still relatively scarce. The main purposes of this study were to investigate any relevant correlation of AS with functioning and psychopathology in young patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), and to analyse the longitudinal stability of AS across a 1 year follow‐up period.

Methods

All the participants (139 FEP), aged 13–35 years, completed the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI), the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS), and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Spearman correlation analysis among psychopathological parameters were performed both at baseline and after the 1 year of follow‐up.

Results

Across the follow‐up, FEP patients showed a significant decrease in the ASI total score. This reduction was specifically associated with the number of individual cognitive‐behavioural therapy sessions offered to FEP individuals in the same time period (and not with antipsychotic dose at baseline).

Conclusions

AS is clinically significant in FEP patients. However, it tends to ameliorate over time together with the delivery of specialized, person‐tailored FEP treatments within a specific “Early Intervention in Psychosis” protocol.
Influenza hospitalizations in Australian children 2010–2019: The impact of medical comorbidities on outcomes, vaccine coverage, and effectiveness
Authors: Norman Daniel A. , Cheng Allen C. , Macartney Kristine K. , Moore Hannah C. , Danchin Margie , Seale Holly , McRae Jocelynne , Clark Julia E. , Marshall Helen S. , Buttery Jim , Francis Joshua R. , Crawford Nigel W. , Blyth Christopher C.
Published: November 2021

Background

Children with comorbidities are at greater risk of severe influenza outcomes compared with healthy children. In Australia, influenza vaccination was funded for those with comorbidities from 2010 and all children aged <5 years from 2018. Influenza vaccine coverage remains inadequate in children with and without comorbidities.

Methods

Children ≤16 years admitted with acute respiratory illness and tested for influenza at sentinel hospitals were evaluated (2010–2019). Multivariable regression was used to identify predictors of severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using the modified incidence density test‐negative design.

Results

Overall, 6057 influenza‐confirmed hospitalized cases and 3974 test‐negative controls were included. Influenza A was the predominant type (68.7%). Comorbidities were present in 40.8% of cases. Children with comorbidities were at increased odds of ICU admission, respiratory support, longer hospitalizations, and mortality. Specific comorbidities including neurological and cardiac conditions increasingly predisposed children to severe outcomes. Influenza vaccine coverage in influenza negative children with and without comorbidities was low (33.5% and 17.9%, respectively). Coverage improved following introduction of universal influenza vaccine programs for children <5 years. Similar vaccine effectiveness was demonstrated in children with (55% [95% confidence interval (CI): 45; 63%]) and without comorbidities (57% [(95%CI: 44; 67%]).

Conclusions

Comorbidities were present in 40.8% of influenza‐confirmed admissions and were associated with more severe outcomes. Children with comorbidities were more likely experience severe influenza with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in‐hospital morality. Despite demonstrated vaccine effectiveness in those with and without comorbidities, vaccine coverage was suboptimal. Interventions to increase vaccination are expected to reduce severe influenza outcomes.
US circular versus Korean angular emergency management cultures
Authors: Ha Kyoo‐Man
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to explore uncommon alternatives or fresh ideas in emergency management by comparing the US and Korean emergency management cultures. Qualitative content analysis was used as the major methodology in the comparison, which considered five factors common to the two nations: ideology, key players, management principles, material resources, and international efforts. A key finding is that, although these two nations are far apart, each country has similarly developed its own emergency management culture. The difference is that the US circular culture emphasises diverse interests, whereas the Korean angular culture is oriented more toward its professional class. Based on the results, it is recommended that each nation improve its management culture by learning from and adopting the advantages of its counterpart. The greatest value of this research is in providing a basic mechanism for the systematic comparison of two different emergency management cultures.
Opacity, liquidity and disclosure requirements
Authors: Stenzel André , Wagner Wolf
Published: November 2021

We present a model that links the opacity of an asset to its liquidity. We show that while low‐opacity assets are liquid, intermediate levels of opacity provide incentives for investors to acquire private information, causing adverse selection and illiquidity. High opacity, however, benefits liquidity by reducing the value of a unit of private information. The cross‐section of bid–ask spreads of US firms is shown to be broadly consistent with this hump‐shaped relationship between opacity and illiquidity. Our analysis suggests that uniform disclosure standards may be suboptimal; efficient disclosure can instead be achieved through a two‐tier standard system or by subsidizing voluntary disclosure.
Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates oxidative stress‐induced osteoblast dysfunction through JNK signalling pathway
Authors: Li Xumin , Lin Haiyan , Zhang Xiaorong , Jaspers Richard T. , Yu Qihao , Ji Yinghui , Forouzanfar Tim , Wang Dongyun , Huang Shengbin , Wu Gang
Published: November 2021

Oxidative stress (OS)‐induced mitochondrial damage and the subsequent osteoblast dysfunction contributes to the initiation and progression of osteoporosis. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), isolated from Panax notoginseng, has potent antioxidant effects and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to investigate the protective property and mechanism of NGR1 on oxidative‐damaged osteoblast. Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were pretreated with NGR1 24 h before hydrogen peroxide administration simulating OS attack. Cell viability, apoptosis rate, osteogenic activity and markers of mitochondrial function were examined. The role of C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway on oxidative injured osteoblast and mitochondrial function was also detected. Our data indicate that NGR1 (25 μM) could reduce apoptosis as well as restore osteoblast viability and osteogenic differentiation. NGR1 also reduced OS‐induced mitochondrial ROS and restored mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA copy number. NGR1 could block JNK pathway and antagonize the destructive effects of OS. JNK inhibitor (SP600125) mimicked the protective effects of NGR1while JNK agonist (Anisomycin) abolished it. These data indicated that NGR1 could significantly attenuate OS‐induced mitochondrial damage and restore osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast via suppressing JNK signalling pathway activation, thus becoming a promising agent in treating osteoporosis.
Efficacy and risks of tooth‐supported prostheses in the treatment of partially edentulous patients with stage IV periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Montero Eduardo , Molina Ana , Palombo David , Morón Belén , Pradíes Guillermo , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio
Published: November 2021

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of tooth‐supported fixed prostheses in partially edentulous patients with stage IV periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Randomized and controlled clinical trials (RCTs and CCTs) and prospective/retrospective cohort studies or case series were searched in three databases. Survival rate of abutment teeth was considered the primary outcome. Meta‐analyses were performed whenever possible.

Results

Twenty‐four publications were included. No RCTs or CCTs compared the efficacy of tooth‐supported fixed prostheses between patients with severe periodontitis or non‐periodontitis patients. Most of the data retrieved were derived from case series. The incidence of abutment‐tooth loss after a follow‐up period from 2 to 35.4 years was low (n = 17 studies; weighted mean incidence (WMI) = 4.8%; confidence interval (CI) [3.2, 6.5]). The corresponding figure for prostheses failure was WMI = 6.9% (n = 18; 95% CI [4.1, 9.7]). Technical complications seemed to be more frequent than biological complications (caries, endodontic failure, root fracture, etc.). Periodontal outcomes tended to remain stable over time.

Conclusion

Tooth‐supported fixed prostheses seemed to be a valid treatment approach to restore masticatory function in patients with stage IV periodontitis once periodontal therapy has been accomplished. However, the comparative efficacy of this treatment among periodontitis and non‐periodontitis patients is unclear due to the absence of clinical trials.
Maternal caregiving moderates the impact of antenatal maternal cortisol on infant stress regulation
Authors: Nazzari Sarah , Fearon Pasco , Rice Frances , Molteni Massimo , Frigerio Alessandra
Published: November 2021

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that antenatal exposure to maternal stress signals affects the development of the infant stress response systems. Animal studies indicate that maternal sensitive caregiving can reverse some of these effects. However, the generalizability of these findings to humans is unknown. This study investigated the role of maternal caregiving in the association between multiple markers of maternal antenatal stress and infant stress regulation.

Methods

The sample consisted of 94 mother‐infant (N = 47 males, mean postnatal weeks = 12; SD = 1.84) dyads. Maternal levels of Interleukin‐6, C‐Reactive Protein (CRP), diurnal cortisol and alpha amylase, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed in late pregnancy (mean gestational age = 34.76; SD = 1.12), whereas postnatal symptomatology, caregiving, and infant cortisol response to the inoculation were evaluated at 3 months.

Results

Hierarchical linear models (HLMs) showed a significant interaction between maternal antenatal cortisol, caregiving, and time on infant cortisol reactivity, while controlling for gender, maternal age, and postnatal depression. Specifically, higher levels of maternal antenatal cortisol were associated with greater cortisol response only among infants of less emotionally available mothers. All other markers of antenatal stress were not significantly associated with infant cortisol reactivity either independently or in interaction with maternal caregiving.

Conclusions

Albeit preliminary, results provide the first evidence in humans that maternal sensitive caregiving may eliminate the association between antenatal maternal cortisol and infant cortisol regulation.
The influence of thermal cues on the reproductive phenology ofSilverShiner,Notropis photogenis
Authors: Burbank Jacob , Drake D. Andrew R. , Power Michael
Published: November 2021

Reproductive phenology and the length of the growing season vary in response to interannual environmental variability, with implications for population dynamics of freshwater fishes. Understanding the reproductive phenology of imperilled species in relation to environmental conditions is needed to better evaluate potential responses to changing environmental conditions, estimate future population dynamics and develop comprehensive recovery strategies. We examined Silver Shiner, a species listed as “Threatened” under Canada'sSpecies at Risk Act, during spring 2018 and 2019 to better understand the reproductive phenology of the species at the northern edge of its range in Canada. The initiation of Silver Shiner spawning occurred on the descending limb of the hydrograph and was completed before the onset of the extended period of low summer flow. In addition, both the initiation and cessation of spawning occurred in response to a cumulative growing degree day base 5 (GDD5) cue, with logistic regression models indicating a 50% probability the population initiated and ceased spawning when GDD5reached 68°C•days and 368°C•days, respectively. Logistic regression incorporating GDD5effectively predicted spawning initiation and cessation, providing useful models for examining the impacts of alterations to the thermal regime on reproductive phenology and improving the ability to evaluate changes in the larval growth period. Furthermore, the models can facilitate the development of real‐time estimates of spawning activity, and therefore ensure that disturbance to the species is minimized during the sensitive reproductive period.
Fast 3D imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles using reflected light‐sheet microscopy with single molecule sensitivity
Authors: Jannasch Anita , Szilagyi Sven A. , Burmeister Moritz , Davis Q. Tyrell , Hermsdorf Gero L. , De Suman , Schäffer Erik
Published: November 2021

Observation of highly dynamic processes inside living cells at the single molecule level is key for a better understanding of biological systems. However, imaging of single molecules in living cells is usually limited by the spatial and temporal resolution, photobleaching and the signal‐to‐background ratio. To overcome these limitations, light‐sheet microscopes with thin selective plane illumination, for example, in a reflected geometry with a high numerical aperture imaging objective, have been developed. Here, we developed a reflected light‐sheet microscope with active optics for fast, high contrast, two‐colour acquisition of ‐stacks. We demonstrate fast volume scanning by imaging a two‐colour giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) hemisphere. In addition, the high contrast enabled the imaging and tracking of single lipids in the GUV cap. The enhanced reflected scanning light‐sheet microscope enables fast 3D scanning of artificial membrane systems and potentially live cells with single‐molecule sensitivity and thereby could provide quantitative and molecular insight into the operation of cells.
Chinese late‐life immigrants’ loneliness and social isolation in host countries: An integrative review
Authors: Zhao Ivy Yan , Holroyd Eleanor , Garrett Nick , Wright‐St Clair Valerie A. , Neville Stephen
Published: November 2021

Aims and objective

To synthesise current international empirical evidence on loneliness and social isolation in Chinese late‐life immigrants.

Background

Loneliness causes adverse health consequences in Chinese late‐life immigrants leading to increased utilisation of often increasingly limited healthcare resources. However, little is known about how Chinese late‐life immigrants perceive and experience loneliness and social isolation in their host countries.

Design

An integrative review methodology.

Methods

Using a systematic search strategy, Google scholar and databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CHNAHL, Medline and open access Theses were searched. No limitation was placed on publication date. Peer‐reviewed studies published from the database inception to May 6, 2021 in the English language were included. The review process is reported according to PRISMA.

Results

Eight articles met the criteria and were included in this review. Two themes resulting from the data synthesis process were identified. Firstly, ‘disrupted social relations after late‐life immigration’ and secondly ‘moving away from filial expectations’.

Conclusion

Loneliness and social isolation are commonly experienced by Chinese late‐life immigrants when residing in host countries. Understanding and identification of the sources of loneliness and social isolation among late‐life immigrants are essential prompts for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, to engage sensitively with Chinese late‐life immigrants. Nurses culturally relevant care delivery in a variety of settings may best serve recipients’ social and health related needs.

Relevance to clinical practice

This integrated review informs the planning of health and social services for addressing Chinese late‐life immigrants’ experiences of loneliness and social isolation. Focused attention on cultural responsiveness is an important component of providing quality and safe nursing care. This review of the recent evidence on socially‐rooted health concerns affected by both immigration and ageing will help advance nursing practice in providing culturally responsive care interventions.
Inside the technology showroom: Sequence of technology demonstrations and willingness to collaborate
Authors: Gillier Thomas , Schweitzer Fiona
Published: November 2021

To support their open innovation strategy, many research technology organizations (RTOs) demonstrate their mature and emerging technologies in showrooms. However, little is known about how RTOs should showcase their technologies to attract new R&D partners. Drawing on construal level theory, we propose that the right order of technology demonstrations depends on the visitors’ level of technical expertise. An empirical field experiment of 139 showroom visitors at the CEA Tech showroom, a world‐leading French technology showroom for micro‐technologies supports our theorizing. Visitors with little technical expertise are most willing to collaborate when they feel creatively inspired. This is likely to happen when visitors see emerging technologies before mature ones because it elicits a high construal level. In contrast, visitors with high technical expertise are more willing to collaborate when they perceive complementary resources. This is likely to occur when the demonstrations alternate between emerging and mature technologies because it elicits construal level shifts. We discuss the study's theoretical and practical implications for outbound open innovation and construal level theory.
A comprehensive review of invasion and ecological impacts of introduced common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Mutethya Eunice , Yongo Edwine
Published: November 2021

Invasive fish species pose considerable threats to aquatic biodiversity. The fishery of Lake Naivasha was enhanced by introduction of invasive fish species, including carp. The present study examined factors driving successful carp invasions, and their ecological impacts, knowledge of both being essential for management purposes. The present study revealed that carp invaded the lake, probably due to its adaptive traits such as environmental tolerance, fast growth, high fecundity, early sexual maturation and food flexibility. It reduced the biomass of Oreochromis leucostictus, Coptodon zillii and Micropterus salmoides which initially contributed to the fishery through competition and habitat degradation. It is noteworthy that the biomass of Oreochromis niloticus in the lake has recently increased and surpassed carp, attributable to a reduction in its predator (M. salmoides) and its biological traits. In terms of ecological effects, carp enhance water turbidity and stimulate algal growth by resuspending sediments and associated nutrients through its foraging activities. Although direct removal has been a useful practice for controlling carp in other places, this approach might be impractical for Lake Naivasha, since carp is the main species sustaining the lake fishery. Instead, implementation of effective management measures, including control of fishing effort, pollution control and protection of surrounding wetlands, would promote recovery and long‐term sustainability of the fishery resources of this lake.
Learners’ Engagement in L2 Computer‐Mediated Interaction: Chat Mode, Interlocutor Familiarity, and Text Quality
Authors: DAO PHUNG , NGUYEN MAI XUAN NHAT CHI , DUONG PHUONG–THAO , TRAN–THANH VU
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the impact of synchronous computer‐mediated communication (SCMC) mode and familiarity with partners on learner engagement in second‐language task‐based interaction, and whether learner engagement is linked to subsequent joint‐written‐text quality. Ninety‐eight Vietnamese learners of English were assigned into (±) familiar groups and performed a picture‐sequencing tasks in 2 SCMC modes (i.e., video and text chat). Scores of 3 types of learner engagement (cognitive, social, and emotional) were compared across the conditions. Results showed that scores of all engagement types in the video chat were significantly higher than in the text chat. Familiar dyads also showed higher engagement than unfamiliar peers during the interaction. Learners reported different reasons for their preferences of video chat over text chat. Language‐related episodes, semantically engaged talk, and mutual help as measures of learner engagement were predictive of the subsequent text quality. The results contribute to the general understanding of the characteristics of video and text chat and their impact on learner engagement and text quality.
A new Mexican Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) species with notes on reproductive phenology
Authors: Martínez‐Domínguez Lilí , Nicolalde‐Morejón Fernando , Vergara‐Silva Francisco , Stevenson Dennis Wm.
Published: November 2021

Ceratozamia, a genus of Zamiaceae, is one of the most species rich genera of gymnosperms in Mexico with a high level of species endemism. Over the last two decades, their known diversity has increased considerably because of extensive field work. Recently, 16 new species were described as a result of revision of species complexes and new explorations in southern Mexico. Here, we describe a new species from Oaxaca (Mexico) which inhabits an evergreen tropical forest. We collected this species during fieldwork in a little studied area located in the karst region of northern Oaxaca. The new species, C. martinezii sp. nov., is described and illustrated, and its phenological pattern is characterized. The species is compared with geographically close and morphologically similar species. Additionally, we present notes on the reproductive phenology of the new species and a taxonomic key for diagnosability.
Trillium govanianum (Himalayan Trillium): production, distribution, use and conservation in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Santosh , Kunwar Ripu Mardhan , Adhikari Binaya , Paudel Hem Raj , Subedi Suresh
Published: November 2021

Trillium govanianum is known to be used for primary health care and household economy, however detailed information on its ecology and importance for local economy has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated T. govanianum population, production and distribution range, as well as its use, trade and vulnerability in Nepal. We show that the current practice of T. govanianum rhizome marketing has resulted in unsustainable harvesting, putting in extreme pressure on its habitats and populations. Harvesting methods such as premature harvesting and mass collections, without knowing actual population size and distribution, may have serious negative effects on reproduction, growth and survival of the species. To gather data and information, we sampled 80 quadrats and 320 (1 × 1 m) nested plots along with 96 interviews. Information on species occurrence points was gathered from various sources including direct field sampling and predicted potential suitable habitat using a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). Rapid vulnerability assessment (RVA) was used to assess the conservation status of the species. Our results showed that T. govanianum occurs in 26 districts of Nepal and can be expected in 10 more mountainous districts along the elevation range between 2400 m and 4050 m. Among the environmental factors, elevation, precipitation and temperature were found to be the most influential for the species' distribution. Market‐led unsustainable collections were prevalent and T. govanianum collections were traded as an adulterant to Paris polyphylla, a highly traded medicinal plant. We found that T. govanianum is a vulnerable species with threat category I. Therefore, conservation efforts are urgently needed, including protection of its key sites and habitats along with sustainable use so as to save its existence.
Plasma membrane intrinsic protein SlPIP1;7 promotes root growth and enhances drought stress tolerance in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants
Authors: Fan Shuya , Han Nani , Wu Hong , Jia Jianhua , Guo Jia
Published: November 2021

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) play important roles in mediating water transport and regulating plant growth and development. In this study, the function of SlPIP1;7 in drought stress tolerance was characterized. Overexpression of SlPIP1;7 in tomato increased the primary root length and promoted the lateral root growth, whereas the shoot and root growth of SlPIP1;7‐silenced seedlings were severely retarded. Moreover, SlPIP1;7‐overexpressing plants exhibited obviously increased drought stress tolerance because they showed slight withering symptom, whereas the SlPIP1;7‐silenced plants were more sensitive to drought stress. Furthermore, the SlPIP1;7‐overexpressing plants showed higher root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and less cell membrane damage and produced less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under drought stress compared with wild‐type, whereas these indicators were opposite in SlPIP1;7‐silenced plants. These results suggested that overexpression of SlPIP1;7 gene promoted the root growth and the water absorption, maintained the water balance and increased the antioxidant defence ability of plants under drought stress, thereby imparting the drought stress tolerance. SlPIP1;7 is thus a valuable genetic resource to enhance stress tolerance in tomato plants.
Providing social support for inpatients: Insights from a virtual medical student initiative
Authors: Lee Michelle S. , Cheloff Abraham Z. , Jang Youjin Jenny , Yin Sophia H. , Strauss Adam C. , Kanjee Zahir
Published: November 2021

Background

Although the COVID‐19 pandemic increased social isolation among hospitalised patients given isolation precautions, visitor restrictions and curtailed interactions with healthcare teams, medical students had limited opportunities for involvement in the care of inpatients.

Approach

We designed a humanistic and narrative medicine intervention to engage medical students in combating social isolation in hospitalised patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic at a tertiary care teaching hospital. In our programme, medical students provided virtual social support to hospitalised patients via phone by providing assistance connecting with family members, having informal conversations and check‐ins and writing up patient life narratives.

Evaluation

From April 2020 to March 2021, we received 126 referrals of potentially isolated patients from inpatient medical teams. Fifty patients accepted and received our intervention, including 26 who completed life narratives. Feedback was positive, demonstrating benefit to medical students in learning about humanism and connecting with patients through their life stories. In addition, patients and medical teams felt more supported. We share key operational lessons and resources to facilitate the implementation of this intervention elsewhere.

Implications

Our intervention allows medical students to meaningfully contribute to the care of inpatients, support beleaguered inpatient teams and learn important lessons about humanism in medicine. This educational and patient care intervention holds promise in other settings, including beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Sarrell Bonnie Ann , Bloch Karen , El Chediak Alissar , Kumm Kayla , Tracy Kaitlyn , Forbes Rachel C. , Langone Anthony , Thomas Lora , Schlendorf Kelly , Trindade Anil J. , Perri Roman , Wright Patty , Concepcion Beatrice P.
Published: November 2021

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Studies suggest that early intervention with monoclonal antibody (MAB) treatment directed against the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein may reduce the risk of emergency department visits or hospitalization for COVID‐19, especially in high‐risk patients. Herein, we describe our single‐center experience of 93 SOT (50 kidney, 17 liver, 11 lung, nine heart, and six dual‐organ) recipients with mild to moderate COVID‐19 who were treated with bamlanivimab or casirivimab‐imdevimab per emergency use authorization guidelines. Median age of recipients was 55 [(Interquartile range) 44–63] years, and 41% were diabetic. Median time from transplant to MAB was 64 (IQR 24–122) months and median time from the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms to the infusion was 6 (IQR 4–7) days. All patients had a minimum 30 days of study follow‐up. The 30‐day hospitalization rate for COVID‐19‐directed therapy was 8.7%. Infusion‐related adverse events were rare and generally mild. Biopsy‐proven organ rejection occurred in two patients, and there were no graft losses or deaths. A comparator group of 72 SOT recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were eligible but did not receive MAB treatment had a higher 30‐day hospitalization rate for COVID‐19‐directed therapy (15.3%), although this difference was not statistically significant, after adjustment for age (Odds Ratio 0.49 [95% Confidence Interval 0.18–1.32],p= 0.16). Our experience suggests that MAB treatment, with respect to the available MAB formulations and circulating viral variants present during our study period, may provide favorable outcomes for mild to moderate COVID‐19 in SOT recipients.
Non fi daffa métti
Authors: Powis Dick
Published: November 2021

In Dakar, Senegal, skilled tradesmen must navigate boom‐and‐bust cycles of the economy—tempos disproportionately influenced by the Islamic calendar, foreign investment, and an individual’s access to social capital. Anticipating these cycles, drawing on community networks for support, and learning to weather the bad times can mean the difference between providing for your family and having your masculinity questioned. Both Dakar and its builders are always under construction, ever in progress.
Application of locking compression plates as type 1 external fixators to treat unilateral mandibular fractures in four equids and one dromedary
Authors: Mählmann Kathrin , Noguera Cender Andrea , Ehrle Anna , Lischer Christophorus J.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To describe a novel fixation of open, unstable, unilateral mandibular fractures applying a locking compression plate as an external skeletal fixator (ESF‐LCP).

Animals

Four horses and one dromedary.

Study design

Short case series.

Methods

Animals presented with unstable, open, unilateral fractures of the mandible. Fracture fixation was performed under general anesthesia. A 4.5/5.5 narrow LCP was applied externally above the level of the skin and combined with intraoral tension band wiring.

Results

Fracture fixation was achieved successfully using an ESF‐LCP. Minimal tissue manipulation was required during application and removal of the construct. The ESF‐LCPs provided adequate access to the wounds at the fracture site, were well tolerated, and did not interfere with any objects in the animals’ environment. Mild drainage at the screw‐skin interface developed in all cases, requiring early implant removal due to surgical site infection in one case. The use of longer plates was associated with superficial pressure necrosis of the skin in the masseter area in two cases. Implants were removed after 3 to 12 weeks, and the long‐term functional outcome after 11 to 41 (median 13) months was good in all cases.

Conclusion

Stabilization of mandibular fractures with ESF‐LCP led to good outcomes in this case series. The use of longer plates positioned more caudally and in a ventrolateral position seemed associated with surgical site infection and pressure necrosis of the skin.

Clinical significance

Use of a locking compression plate as an external skeletal fixator seems to offer a viable alternative to treat unilateral mandibular fractures, especially when these are open and/or infected.
Configuraciones, modelos de salud y enfoques basados en la Atención Primaria en Latinoamérica, siglo XXI. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Franco Giraldo Alvaro De Jesús
Published: November 2021

El propósito de este artículo es aportar elementos teóricos necesarios para el desarrollo de los modelos y sistemas de salud en América Latina. Su objetivo es analizar los modelos de atención, así como las configuraciones de los sistemas de salud más relevantes, con especial énfasis en los modelos basados en la Atención Primaria en Salud (APS). Metodológicamente, se realiza una revisión narrativa (no sistemática), a partir de la búsqueda genérica en bases de datos y en google académico. Para ello, se utilizan las palabras clave: modelos, configuraciones, paradigmas y teorías/salud. Se seleccionan aquellos artículos que den una información holística, no puntual de los modelos, y basándose en un criterio de pertinencia. Para el análisis, se establece, primero, una clasificación jerárquica de los diferentes enfoques identificados. Segundo, se analizan los modelos clásicos definidos en la literatura. Finalmente, se hace un análisis crítico de algunos modelos relacionados con la APS en América Latina y las modalidades de atención en el siglo XXI. Acerca de las relaciones estructurales necesarias para la reorientación del sistema de salud, se concluye que estas deben basarse en enfoques de APS, inclinándose hacia un “modelo de atención comunitaria” para la organización de los servicios.
On Solutions of Fractional Telegraph Model With Mittag–Leffler Kernel
Authors: Akgül Ali , Modanli Mahmut
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we research the fractional telegraph equation with the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo derivative. We use the Laplace method to find the exact solution of the problems. We construct the difference schemes for the implicit finite method. We prove the stability of difference schemes for the problems by the matrix method. We demonstrate the accuracy of the method by some numerical experiments.