bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lichen species across Alaska produce highly active and stable ice nucleators
Authors: Eufemio Rosemary J. , de Almeida Ribeiro Ingrid , Molinero Valeria , Bonn Mischa , Sformo Todd L. , Laursen Gary A. , Fröhlich-Nowoisky Janine , Meister Konrad
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Forty years ago, lichens were identified as extraordinary biological ice nucleators (INs) that enable ice formation at temperatures close to 0 °C. By employing INs, lichens thrive in freezing environments that surpass the physiological limits of other vegetation, thus making them the majority of vegetative biomass in northern ecosystems. Aerosolized lichen INs might further impact cloud glaciation and have the potential to alter atmospheric processes in a warming Arctic. Despite the ecological importance and formidable ice nucleation activities, the abundance, diversity, sources, and role of ice nucleation in lichens remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the ice nucleation capabilities of lichens collected from various ecosystems across Alaska. We find ice-nucleating activity in lichen to be widespread, particularly in the coastal rainforest of Southeast Alaska. Across 29 investigated lichen, all species show ice nucleation temperatures above −15 °C and ~30 % initiate freezing at temperatures above −6 °C. Concentration series of lichen ice nucleation assays in combination with statistical analysis reveal that the lichens contain two subpopulations of INs, similar to previous observations in bacteria. However, unlike the bacterial INs, the lichen INs appear as independent subpopulations resistant to freeze-thaw cycles and against temperature treatment. The ubiquity and high stability of the lichen INs suggest that they can impact local atmospheric processes and that ice nucleation activity is an essential trait for their survival in cold environments.
Gap geometry, seasonality and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data from a Central Amazon forest
Authors: Simonetti Adriana , Araujo Raquel Fernandes , Celes Carlos Henrique Souza , da Silva e Silva Flávia Ranara , dos Santos Joaquim , Higuchi Niro , Trumbore Susan , Marra Daniel Magnabosco
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Understanding mechanisms of tree mortality and geometric patterns of canopy gaps is relevant for robust estimates of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests, and for assessing how they are responding to climate change. We combined monthly RGB images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle with field surveys to identify gaps in an 18-ha permanent plot in an old-growth Central Amazon forest over a period of 28 months. In addition to detecting, we measured the size and shape of gaps, and analyzed their temporal variation and correlation with rainfall. We further described associated modes of tree mortality or branch fall and quantified associated losses of biomass. Overall, the sensitivity of gap detection differed between field surveys and imagery data. In total, we detected 32 gaps either in the images and field, ranging in area from 9 m2 to 835 m2. Relatively small gaps (< 39 m2) associated with branch fall were the most frequent (11 gaps). Out of 18 gaps for which both field and imagery data were available, three could not be detected remotely. This result shows that a considerable fraction of tree mortality and branch-fall events (~ 17 %) affect only the lower canopy and the understory of the forest and thus, are likely neglected by assessments of top of the canopy. Regardless the detection method, the size distribution of gaps in our study region was better captured by a Weibull function. As confirmed by our detailed field surveys, we believe that this pattern was not biased by gaps possibly undetected from image data. Although not related to differences in gap size, the main modes of tree mortality partially explained associated losses of biomass. The rate of gap area formation expressed as the percent per month was positively correlated with the frequency of extreme rainfall events, which may be related to a higher frequency of storms propagating destructive wind gusts. Our results demonstrate the importance of combining field observations with remote sensing methods for monitoring gap dynamics in dense forests. The correlation between modes of tree mortality and gap geometry with associated losses of biomass provide evidence on the importance of small-scale events of tree mortality and branch fall as processes that contribute to landscape patterns of carbon balance and species diversity in Amazon forests. Regional assessments of the dynamics and geometry of canopy gaps formed from branch fall and individual tree-mortality (e.g., from few to hundreds of m2) up to catastrophic blowdowns associated with extreme rain and wind (e.g., from hundreds of m2 to thousands of ha) can reduce the uncertainty of landscape assessments of carbon balance, especially as the frequency and intensity of storms causing these events is likely to change with future Amazon climate.
No changes in overall AMOC strength in interglacial PMIP4 time slices
Authors: Jiang Zhiyi , Brierley Chris , Thornalley David , Sax Sophie
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism of poleward heat transport and an important part of the global climate system. How it responded to past changes in forcing, such as those experienced during Quaternary interglacials, is an intriguing and open question. Previous modelling studies suggest an enhanced AMOC in the mid-Holocene compared to the preindustrial period. In earlier simulations from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), this arose from feedbacks between sea ice and AMOC changes, which were dependent on resolution. Here we present an initial analysis of recently available PMIP4 simulations for three experiments representing different interglacial conditions – one 127 000 years ago within the Last Interglacial (127 ka, called lig127k), one in the middle of the Holocene (midHolocene, 6 ka), and a preindustrial control simulation (piControl, 1850 CE). Both lig127k and midHolocene have altered orbital configurations compared to piControl. The ensemble mean of the PMIP4 models shows the strength of the AMOC does not markedly change between the midHolocene and piControl experiments or between the lig127k and piControl experiments. Therefore, it appears orbital forcing itself does not alter the overall AMOC. We further investigate the coherency of the forced response in AMOC across the two interglacials, along with the strength of the signal, using eight PMIP4 models which performed both interglacial experiments. Only two models show a stronger change with the stronger forcing, but those models disagree on the direction of the change. We propose that the strong signals in these two models are caused by a combination of forcing and the internal variability. After investigating the AMOC changes in the interglacials, we further explored the impact of AMOC on the climate system, especially on the changes in the simulated surface temperature and precipitation. After identifying the AMOC's fingerprint on the surface temperature and rainfall, we demonstrate that only a small percentage of the simulated surface climate changes could be attributed to the AMOC. Proxy records of sedimentary Pa/Th ratio during the two interglacial periods both show a similar AMOC strength compared to the preindustrial, which fits nicely with the simulated results. Although the overall AMOC strength shows minimal changes, future work is required to explore whether this occurs through compensating variations in the different components of AMOC (such as Iceland–Scotland overflow water). This line of evidence cautions against interpreting reconstructions of past interglacial climate as being driven by AMOC, outside of abrupt events.
Evidence of Nitrogen Loss from Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Coupled with Ferric Iron Reduction in the Yellow River Wetland
Authors: Guan Qingsong , Li Tao , Zhou Yiqiao , Yang Fan , Li Qingbin
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with iron(III) reduction (Feammox) is a recently discovered pathway of nitrogen removal. However, little is known about the pathways of N transformation via Feammox in the Yellow River wetland. In this study, the difference between Feammox in a natural wetland (site YJW) and a crop rotation wetland (site TEH) was researched using isotope tracing and metagenome techniques. The results revealed that Feammox occurred in TEH but not in YJW. The Feammox rates in the TEH samples were 0.02–0.13 mg N kg−1 d−1 in different depth intervals (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm), and the maximum value for TEH occurred in the 5–10 cm depth interval. Iron reducing bacteria play an essential role in Feammox. Rotational tillage reduced the microbial diversity of the iron-reducing bacteria, but it increased the abundance of iron-reducing bacteria at the genus level, and the dominate iron-reducing bacteria responsible for the Feammox process were Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter. The Feammox rate was less than the denitrification rate (0.55–1.09 mg N kg−1 d−1), an estimated nitrogen loss of 1.1–7.1 t N km−2 a−1 was associated with the Feammox in the wetland. However, the correlation between the functional genes of the iron-reducing bacteria and the rate remains unclear. Overall, the co-occurrence of ammonium oxidation and iron reduction suggest that Feammox can play an essential role in the pathway of nitrogen removal in the Yellow River wetland.
Representing the impact of Rhizophora mangroves on flow and sediment transport in a hydrodynamic model (COAWST_rh v1.0): the importance of three-dimensional root system structures
Authors: Yoshikai Masaya , Nakamura Takashi , Herrera Eugene C. , Suwa Rempei , Rollon Rene , Ray Raghab , Furukawa Keita , Nadaoka Kazuo
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In hydrodynamic models, vegetation is commonly approximated as an array of vertical cylinders to represent its impacts on flow and sediment transport. However, this simple approximation may not be valid in the case of Rhizophora mangroves that have complicated three-dimensional root structures. Here, we present a new model to represent the impacts of Rhizophora mangroves on flow and sediment transport in hydrodynamic models. The model explicitly accounts for the effects of the three-dimensional root structures on flow and turbulence, as well as the effects of two different length scales of vegetation-generated turbulence characterized by stem diameter and root diameter. The model employs an empirical model for the Rhizophora root structures that can be applied using basic vegetation parameters (mean stem diameter and tree density), without rigorous measurements of the root structures. We showed that compared to the conventional approximation using an array of cylinders, the new model significantly improves the predictability of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and bed shear stress measured in a model and a real Rhizophora mangrove forest. The model further suggested the high efficiency of the three-dimensional root structures of Rhizophora mangroves on sedimentation, which allows a relatively high sediment supply to the forest but effectively regulates sediment erosion through reduced bed shear stress, compared to cylinder arrays that exhibit equivalent sediment supply or sediment retention. The presented model could be a fundamental tool to advance our understanding of the sedimentary processes in Rhizophora mangrove forests which are linked to mangroves’ vulnerability and ecosystem service.
Modelling ocean wave conditions at a shallow coast under scarce data availability – A case study at the western coast of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Zemann Moritz , van der Linden Roderick , Trinh Cong Dan , Vu Duong Hoang Thai , Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Seidel Frank , Oberle Peter , Nestmann Franz , Fink Andreas H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Against the background of the rising sea level and land subsidence, protecting the progressively eroding coast along the Vietnam Mekong Delta becomes of tremendous importance. Within the presented work, design conditions for breakwaters were derived from offshore climate reanalysis data (ERA5), which were transferred to the nearshore by two numerical approaches, i.e. SwanOne and Delft3D, for different average and extreme wave and weather conditions. Within this process, design wave heights and periods at the nearshore could be determined for 10- to 100-year recurrence intervals. Both models thereby showed sufficient accuracy according to measurements in the field. Limitations must be made regarding the available spatio-temporal resolution, where reanalysis data showed a lack of short but high peak values compared to the observed measurements. Both numerical approaches showed their capabilities, where SwanOne offers a simple and fast calculation method, while it lacks of continuous effects like wind-generated swell or bottom friction. The Delft3D software on the other hand provides a more complete representation, not only of wave but also current dynamics, while it requires a much broader amount of input parameters and more complex boundary conditions. Within this study, the advantages and disadvantages of both models could be demonstrated, whereas for the final calculation of nearshore wave characteristics, only SwanOne was applicable based on the input parameters extracted from statistical analysis of long term ERA5 data.
Agricultural use of compost under different irrigation strategies in a hedgerow olive grove under Mediterranean conditions. A comparison with traditional systems
Authors: L. de Sosa Laura , Martín-Palomo María José , Castro-Valdecantos Pedro , Madejón Engracia
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Soil and water efficient management are key factors to ensure olive sustainable production. The use of compost based on olive waste (alperujo) as fertilizer could enhance ecosystem services while the need to transition to a zero waste circular economy is achieved. The present work includes a comparative study of the effect of alperujo compost (AC) vs inorganic fertilization under different management systems: an intensive traditional adult olive grove under rainfed conditions and a young hedgerow olive system, in which a factorial test of tree irrigation regimes (full, deficit and no irrigation) is implemented as well. At the hedgerow plots, the addition of AC and soil sampling time greatly impacted soil chemical parameters and to a lesser extent, enzymatic activities whereas irrigation regimes did not exert a mark influence. In the traditional rainfed system, the addition of AC proved to be an efficient tool for carbon sequestration. The first soil sampling revealed a clear stoichiometric relationship between soil organic matter (SOM) and the NPK contents at both systems whereas the correlations were weak and scarce in the second sampling at the hedgerow plots. This fact was related to a decay of the compost effect. Compost in combination with irrigation tended to trigger a certain priming effect on the native SOM with time since the carbon stocks were reduced between 6–38 % from one sampling to the other in the hedgerow system depending on the irrigation intensity. However, the deficit irrigation caused a less intense reduction of the SOM and essential nutrients representing the best alternative to maximize the agronomics effects of the compost under a water-saving strategy. Recurrent application of compost would be necessary to maintain soil quality, especially with high tree densities. The combined management of AC and the deficit irrigation proved to be an efficient tool toward a zero waste circular economy and a water conservation strategy.
Past and future discharge and stream temperature at high spatial resolution in a large European basin (Loire basin, France)
Authors: Seyedhashemi Hanieh , Moatar Florentina , Vidal Jean-Philippe , Thiéry Dominique
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This paper presents retrospective simulations and future projections of daily time series of discharge and stream temperature for 52 278 reaches over the Loire River basin (105 km2) in France, using a physical process-based thermal model coupled with a hydrological model. Retrospective simulations over the 1963–2019 are based on the Safran meteorological reanalysis over France. 21st century projections are based on a subset of the DRIAS2020 ensemble projection dataset, derived from the Euro Cordex data set through the ADAMONT statistical bias correction. Such a dataset at this large scale and high spatial resolution stands out from existing datasets, and is the first one in France derived from a physical process-based thermal model. The dataset is freely available for other studies and can be downloaded as NetCDF format from https://doi.org/10.57745/LBPGFS (Seyedhashemi et al., 2022a).
Spatial variability of Saharan dust deposition revealed through a citizen science campaign
Authors: Dumont Marie , Gascoin Simon , Réveillet Marion , Voisin Didier , Tuzet François , Arnaud Laurent , Bonnefoy Mylène , Bacardit Peñarroya Montse , Carmagnola Carlo , Deguine Alexandre , Diacre Aurélie , Dürr Lukas , Evrard Olivier , Fontaine Firmin , Frankl Amaury , Fructus Mathieu , Gandois Laure , Gouttevin Isabelle , Gherab Abdelfateh , Hagenmuller Pascal , Hansson Sophia , Herbin Hervé , Josse Béatrice , Jourdain Bruno , Lefevre Irene , Le Roux Gaël , Libois Quentin , Liger Lucie , Morin Samuel , Petitprez Denis , Robledano Alvaro , Schneebeli Martin , Salze Pascal , Six Delphine , Thibert Emmanuel , Trachsel Jürg , Vernay Matthieu , Viallon-Galinier Léo , Voiron Céline
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Saharan dust outbreaks have profound effects on ecosystems, climate, human health and the cryosphere in Europe. However, the spatial deposition pattern of Saharan dust is poorly known due to a sparse network of ground measurements. Following the extreme dust deposition event of February 2021 across Europe, a citizen science campaign was launched to sample dust on snow over the Pyrenees and the European Alps. This somewhat improvised campaign triggered wide interest since 152 samples were collected in the snow in the Pyrenees, the French Alps and the Swiss Alps in less than four weeks. An analysis of the samples showed a large variability in the dust properties and amount. We found a decrease in the deposited mass and particle sizes with distance from the source along the transport path. This spatial trend was also evident in the elemental composition of the dust as the iron mass fraction decreased from 11 % in the Pyrenees to 2 % in the Swiss Alps. At the local scale, we found a higher dust mass on south facing slopes, in agreement with estimates from high-resolution remote sensing data. This unique dataset, which resulted from the collaboration of several research laboratories and citizens, is provided as an open dataset to benefit a large community and enable further scientific investigations.
Advancing measurements and representations of subsurface heterogeneity and dynamic processes: towards 4D hydrogeology
Authors: Hermans Thomas , Goderniaux Pascal , Jougnot Damien , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Brunner Philip , Nguyen Frédéric , Linde Niklas , Huisman Johan Alexander , Bour Olivier , Lopez Alvis Jorge , Hoffmann Richard , Palacios Andrea , Cooke Anne-Karin , Pardo-Álvarez Álvaro , Blazevic Lara , Pouladi Behzad , Haruzi Peleg , Fernandez Visentini Alejandro , Nogueira Guilherme E. H. , Tirado-Conde Joel , Looms Majken C. , Kenshilikova Meruyert , Davy Philippe , Le Borgne Tanguy
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Essentially all hydrogeological processes are strongly influenced by the subsurface spatial heterogeneity and the temporal variation of environmental conditions, hydraulic properties, and solute concentrations. This spatial and temporal variability generally leads to effective behaviors and emerging phenomena that cannot be predicted from conventional approaches based on homogeneous assumptions and models. However, it is not always clear when, why, how, and at what scale the 4D (3D + time) nature of the subsurface needs to be considered in hydrogeological monitoring, modeling, and applications. In this paper, we discuss the interest and potential for the monitoring and characterization of spatial and temporal variability, including 4D imaging, in a series of hydrogeological processes: (1) groundwater fluxes, (2) solute transport and reaction, (3) vadose zone dynamics, and (4) surface–subsurface water interactions. We first identify the main challenges related to the coupling of spatial and temporal fluctuations for these processes. We then highlight recent innovations that have led to significant breakthroughs in high-resolution space–time imaging and modeling the characterization, monitoring, and modeling of these spatial and temporal fluctuations. We finally propose a classification of processes and applications at different scales according to their need and potential for high-resolution space–time imaging. We thus advocate a more systematic characterization of the dynamic and 3D nature of the subsurface for a series of critical processes and emerging applications. This calls for the validation of 4D imaging techniques at highly instrumented observatories and the harmonization of open databases to share hydrogeological data sets in their 4D components.
ROAD NETWORK ACCOUNTING WHEN ESTIMATING SETTLEMENT FIELD POTENTIAL
Authors: Kuzmin P. , Karpenko M. , Panidi E. , Sebentsov A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Population density is one of valuable factors of economic development and ecological stability in inhabited areas. Classic approach to direct estimation of the population density is the application of gravity model to the settlement. The distance in the model is estimated usually as a straight-line distance between settlements. Our study is devoted to implementation of gravitational model able to account distances in transportation network. This model is demanded when investigating transborder regions, where people migrations through the state border are possible at checkpoint locations only. We use the ArcGIS software to ensure settlement field potential computations and mapping, and Valhalla open source routing engine to build routes and compute distances. Current results of our study incorporates the data conversion and processing methodology, a set of algorithms (program code) that implements these techniques, and a map series produced for the Russia-Kazakhstan transborder region that illustrates performance of elaborated methodology.
Guideline for management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO)
Authors: Ravn Christen , Neyt Jeroen , Benito Natividad , Abreu Miguel Araújo , Achermann Yvonne , Bozhkova Svetlana , Coorevits Liselotte , Ferrari Matteo Carlo , Gammelsrud Karianne Wiger , Gerlach Ulf-Joachim , Giannitsioti Efthymia , Gottliebsen Martin , Jørgensen Nis Pedersen , Madjarevic Tomislav , Marais Leonard , Menon Aditya , Moojen Dirk Jan , Pääkkönen Markus , Pokorn Marko , Pérez-Prieto Daniel , Renz Nora , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Sabater-Martos Marta , Sendi Parham , Tevell Staffan , Vogely Charles , Soriano Alex ,   the SANJO guideline group
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This clinical guideline is intended for use by orthopedic surgeons and
physicians who care for patients with possible or documented septic
arthritis of a native joint (SANJO). It includes evidence and opinion-based
recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with SANJO.
Simulation-based investigation of the metrological interface structural resolution capability of X-ray computed tomography scanners
Authors: Busch Matthias , Hausotte Tino
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The miniaturisation of components leads to new demands on
measurement systems. One of these is the resolution. As a volumetric analysis
method and method of non-destructive testing, industrial X-ray computed
tomography (XCT) has the ability to measure geometrical features and their
corresponding dimensions without destroying them and can therefore be used for
quality assurance. However, the concept of resolution is not trivial for XCT
and has not yet been finally clarified. In particular, the interface structural
resolution, the detectability of two surfaces facing each other after
surface segmentation, faces a lack of a test specimen, a corresponding
measurand and a reliable method. Simulation-based XCT investigations of a
method to determine this type of resolution are presented in this article
using the geometry of a test specimen that contains several radially
arranged holes of the same size. The borehole diameters correspond to the
distance between the holes to investigate the resolvability of surfaces and
interfaces. The evaluation is based on mean and extreme values of grey value
profiles between the individual boreholes of the reconstructed volume. It is
shown that the geometrical detectability of the test specimen surface and
interface can be extended by a reasonable choice of the threshold value for
surface segmentation within a defined interval. With regard to the resolving
capability, a distinction is made between assured detectability and possible
detectability, as well as the threshold value used when using the ISO50
threshold for surface segmentation and measurement chain completion.
Review article: Snow and ice avalanches in high mountain Asia – scientific, local and indigenous knowledge
Authors: Acharya Anushilan , Steiner Jakob Friedrich , Walizada Khwaja Momin , Zakir Zakir Hussain , Ali Salar , Caiserman Arnaud , Watanabe Teiji
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The cryosphere in high mountain Asia (HMA) not only sustains livelihoods of people residing downstream through its capacity to store water but also holds potential for hazards. One of these hazards, avalanches, so far remains poorly studied as the complex relationship between climate and potential triggers is poorly understood due to lack of long-term observations, inaccessibility, severe weather conditions, and financial and logistic constraints. In this study, available literature was reviewed covering the period from the late 20th century to June 2022 to identify research and societal gaps and propose future directions of research and mitigation strategies. Beyond scientific literature, technical reports, newspapers, social media and other local sources were consulted to compile a comprehensive, open access and version controlled database of avalanche events and their associated impacts. Over 681 avalanches with more than 3131 human fatalities were identified in eight countries of the region. Afghanistan has the highest recorded avalanche fatalities (1057) followed by India (952) and Nepal (508). Additionally, 564 people lost their lives while climbing peaks above 4500 m a.s.l., one third of which were staff employed as guides or porters. This makes it a less deadly hazard than in the less populated European Alps for example, but with a considerably larger number of people affected who did not voluntarily expose themselves to avalanche risk. Although fatalities are significant, and local long-term impacts of avalanches may be considerable, so far, limited holistic adaptation or mitigation measures exist in the region. These measures generally rely on local and indigenous knowledge adapted with modern technologies. Considering the high impact avalanches have in the region we suggest to further develop adaptation measures including hazard zonation maps based on datasets of historic events and modelling efforts. This should however happen acknowledging the already existing knowledge in the region and in close coordination with communities and local government and civil society stakeholders. More research studies should also be attempted to understand trends and drivers of avalanches in the region.
ЩОДО СТРОКУ ДІЇ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО ДОГОВОРУ
Authors: Дорошенко Ліна Миколаївна
Published: January 2023

У статті проаналізовано проблемні питання, які виникають щодо строку дії корпоративного договору, наявність яких негативно відображається як на практичній діяльності суб’єктів господарювання, так і на теорії корпоративного права, яка стосується корпоративного договору. Доведено, що з огляду на господарсько-правову природу корпоративного договору, на нього поширюються положення господарського законодавства про істотні умови господарського договору, серед яких визначається і строк дії договору, без погодження якого сторонами зобов’язання такий договір є неукладеним. Визначено, що такі договори можуть укладатися як на здійснення однієї дії, так і на здійснення декількох дій, які повторюються, в межах короткого періоду часу або мати невизначений строк дії зі складною системою прав та обов’язків сторін корпоративного договору, спрямованих на забезпечення ефективного управління корпорацією. Обґрунтовано, що такий договір може бути укладений як на певний строк, встановлений договором, так і на невизначений строк. Запропоновано у випадках укладення корпоративного договору на невизначений строк передбачити в законодавстві за аналогією з подібними договірними конструкціями з невизначеним строком дії можливість односторонньої відмови від договору з додержанням стороною корпоративного договору певного порядку його розірвання шляхом надання заяви про відмову від подальшої участі у договорі не пізніш як за три місяці до виходу з нього. Визначено наслідки розірвання корпоративного договору з визначеним строком його дії, як-то відшкодування іншим учасникам реальних збитків, завданих розірванням такого договору.
JSA and HIRADC Analysis of Mold Replacement Process on Inject Stretch Blow Machine
Authors: Soesilo Rahman
Published: January 2023

In plastic packaging companies using the Inject stretch blow machine (ISBM) process, changing molds is an activity that has the potential for work accidents. This is based on work activities carried out involving equipment that is quite heavy and has enormous dimensions. The purpose of this research is to find out the hazard factors of work accidents that occur and provide the development of solutions to avoid work accidents. This study uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) method. The results of this study are the factors that cause work accidents in the mold-changing process at the Inject stretch blow machine (ISBM). The stages carried out in this study are hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control, and residual risk assessment. The results obtained from this research are in the form of designing SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for production activities and installing warnings on each machine, which will be used as a proposal for appropriate work risk control to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are always required to check the working tools’ condition before starting work. This will be used as an appropriate work risk control proposal to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are always required to check the working tools’ condition before starting work. This will be used as an appropriate work risk control proposal to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are required to always check the working tools’ condition before starting work.
SAĞLIKÇILARA YÖNELİK ULUSLARARASI HUKUK EĞİTİMİNİN GEREKLİLİĞİ: UKRAYNA- RUSYA SAVAŞI ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Sezai
Published: January 2023

Uluslararası krizlerin uluslararası toplumun sağlığını olumsuz etkilemesi, sağlıkla ilgili kural, kurum ve süreçleri düzenleyen uluslararası hukuku ipso facto tartışmanın bir parçası haline getirmiştir. Sağlık ile uluslararası hukuk arasındaki bu ilişkinin sağlık profesyonellerince bilinmesi de haliyle bir ihtiyaca dönüşmüştür. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi sağlıkçılara yönelik uluslararası hukuk eğitimleriyle mümkün olur. Bu konudaki ilk girişimler 1980’lerde başlatılmış, takip eden yıllarda bu alandaki yaklaşımlar şekillenmiştir. Batılı bazı üniversiteler lisans müfredatlarını düzenlemek suretiyle sağlıkçıların uluslararası hukuk eğitimi almalarını sağlamıştır. Bazı kurumlar da bu doğrultuda kurslar düzenlemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ukrayna-Rusya savaşı sürecinde faaliyet gösteren sağlıkçıların uluslararası hukuk yeterlilikleri ele alınmıştır. Ukrayna’da faaliyet gösteren uluslararası sivil toplum kuruluşları ile Ukrayna sağlık sisteminin çalışanları bahse konu sağlık profesyonellerini oluşturmaktadır. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarında çalışan sağlıkçıların, misyonları gereği, uluslararası hukuka vakıf oldukları bir gerçektir. Ukraynalı sağlıkçıların uluslararası hukuka yönelik eğitimlerinde ise sistematik bir eksiklik vardır. Savaşın başlamasından sonra planlanan ad hoc eğitimler, bu eksikliğin giderilmesine bir nebze katkı sağlamıştır.
Classification of special investigative measures
Authors: Jitariuc Vitalie
Published: January 2023

Issues relating to the classification of special investigative measures are of substantial importance to the theory and practice of special investigative work. The specialized literature records certain attempts regarding the arrangement of special investigative measures by categories and groups based on different grounds, but, in total, the issues related to the classification of special investigative measures have been insufficiently studied in the theory of special investigative activity, from which consideration they follow to be subjected to substantial scientific research. Likewise, the operative-investigative doctrine does not highlight a certain opinion regarding the classification of special investigative measures. This happens because the special investigative measures have an extremely diversified character, they are varied, as a result of which each specialist in the field comes up with his own classification, trying to justify it based on his own experience and knowledge that he considers relevant. The process of perfecting the notions and concepts specific to the special investigative activity must be based on logical operations, procedures and interpretations. They are of major importance for solving several questions and for carrying out various tasks of the science of special investigative activity and, first of all, for the materialization of its basic categories, to which the classification of special investigative measures is attributed. The circumstances in question determined the necessity and actuality of conducting a complex study of the classification of special investigative measures based on the analysis, interpretation and systematization of doctrinal opinions on this subject.
Paulian disability
Authors: Fala Nicolae , Poalelungi Mihail
Published: January 2023

The unavailability of an asset that is the object of a service performed by the debtor to the contracting third party on the basis of the legal act which is declared unenforceable, represents a legal prohibition to disposing of the asset. The unavailability is intended to ensure the effective realization of the right to pursue the asset by the claimant creditor. The unavailability of the asset is grafted on the idea of effective protection of the rights by judicial means. The unavailability represents a legal effect of accepting the Pauline action, which operates without the need for express mention in the operative section of the court ruling.
Judicial review of the legality of decisions of the General Meeting of Members of the Limited Liability Company
Authors: Bagrinovschi Ana
Published: January 2023

An essential principle of the rule of law is the principle of legality, which implies compliance with the Constitution and the normative acts by all subjects of law, including and in their capacity as participants in the civil circuit (natural persons, legal persons). A limited liability company is a legal subject from the date of its registration in the State Register of Legal Entities until the date of its removal from the Register, and in the period between these two dates it must live its ‘life’, operate and function in full compliance with the provisions of the relevant legal acts. This requirement applies both to the company as a legal person and to its structural elements (general meeting of shareholders, administrator, board, board of auditors, members, etc.). The actions of the organs of the legal person are considered actions of the legal person itself if they have been carried out in compliance with the legal provisions. If there is any doubt, those with a legal interest are entitled to apply to the competent courts to verify the legality of legal acts (decisions, resolutions, contracts, etc.) and, if necessary, to ask for them to be remedied - including having them declared null and void.
The civil code as an obstacle for the culture of justification
Authors: Papuc Teodor , Lupu Marcel
Published: January 2023

This text highlights some errors of approach in the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova. Through some of the rules it establishes, the Civil Code prevents the effective protection of the fundamental rights provided equally by it and, consequently, establishes an obstacle for an evolution into a culture of justification.
Phosphate minerals from Albian phosphorites in Bulgaria
Authors: Nachev Ivan
Published: January 2023

Results from X-ray diffraction analyses of Albian phosphorites from deposits Sanadinovo, Dekoy and Brushlen indicate presence mainly of fluorapatite and partly of chlorapatite and carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). The microprobe analyses of phosphate grains, coatings, cements, ammonite, wood, and shark tooth determined the following contents (in weight %): 26,65-41,02 P2O5 45,19-57,17 CaO, 2,58-4,64 F, up to 0,80 CI, and silicate components from the admixtures in phosphate minerals. Fifteen crystallochemical formulae were calculated. They are characteristic with Ca9.54-9.58[PO4]5.77-5.78FI1.48-2.81 and Cl0.06-0.30. Generally fluorapaiIte was determimid in 9 samples; and chlorine containing fluorapatite - in 6 samples. The exemplary crystallochemical formulae are: Ca9.54[PO4]5.78F2.75 - fluorapatite Ca9.58[PO4]5.77F1.94CI0.30 - chlorine containing fluorapatite The presence of CO3- and OH in the phosphate minerals was not substantiated by direct data. The studied phosphate minerals show high solubility in lemon acid (30-80%). This indicates defects in the crystal lattices caused by the presence of chlorine and most probably of carbonate group.
Simulation Studies of Selective Methylation of Toluene using UniSim and Spreadsheet Interface
Authors: Chandrashekar Hemanth , T gudi Anirudh , S Shenvi Gurudatt , Kishanlal Bagamar Abhishek , R Shivakumar
Published: January 2023

P-xylene is a colorless, highly flammable, toxic, transparent chemical. Stable demand from polyester manufacturers emerged as one of the major driving factors for the production of P-xylene. There are various methods reported for manufacturing p-xylene. The catalytic reforming of naphtha, toluene disproportionation, and methylation of toluene are some of the methods used for P-xylene production. The objective of this project was to develop a steady-state process flow diagram for the continuous production of p-xylene using UniSim design software. Complete design of the distillation column and plug flow reactor with optimum values from the UniSim design suite is reported. In this process, methanol and toluene at a particular temperature and pressure are mixed and fed to the plug flow reactor, and the product stream from the plug flow reactor is separated based on their phases and distilled to obtain pure p-xylene and methanol is recycled. A detailed design with materials and energy balance using a spreadsheet interface are presented in the paper. This optimization promotes reducing the production of other isomers of xylene, resulting in a reduction of separation cost.
Analisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran PAK Berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom Ranah Kognitif Pada SMP Negeri Di Kota So’e Kabupaten TTS
Authors: Lete Sufran Ady Putra , Manubey Johana , Suan Elidat Benyamin
Published: January 2023

Berdasarkan surfey sebelumnya di lapangan, ditemukan bahwa penerapan perangkat pembelajaran masih berada pada level rendah. Dengan adanya taksonomi Bloom dapat membantu para pengajar untuk menyusun perangkat pembelajaran menjadi lebih baik. Adanya perangkat pembelajaran yang disusun dengan melihat langkah-langkah dan prinsip penyususnan yang baik dan benar dapat membuat tercapainya pembelajaaran yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kata kerja operasional (KKO) pada rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen (PAK) kelas VII-IX SMP Negeri di Kota So’e Kabupaten TTS berdasarkan taksonomi Bloom, domain kognitif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan tabel rubrik penilaian. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualititatif dengan metode studi dokumentasi deskriptif. Penerapan KKO pada RPP PAK masih terbatas pada KKO level LOTS yaitu C1 dan C2. Kurangnya penekakan diemensi pengetahuan, unsur audience, behaviour, condition dan degree pada tujuan pembelajaran yang tidak lengkap dan media pembelajaaran yang masih minim berada pada level LOTS serta tidak dicantumkannya ayat Alkitab sebagai dasar dalam pembelajaran PAK. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa RPP PAK yang saat ini lebih menekankan KKO level LOTS, penyususnan RPP PAK tidak mengikuti prinsip-prinsip yang sesuai standar penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran serta kurangnya kreativitas dari pengajar dalam mengembangkan RPP PAK sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman.

Kata Kunci: RPP, Taksonomi Bloom.
Cardiovascular Effects of Nigella Sativa on Isolated Rabbit Heart and its Impact on Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Bhatti Abdul Shabbir Ali , Shabbir Aliya , Butt Muhammad Kashif , Bhatti Muhammad Ahmed , Muhammad Usman  , Karim Abdul
Published: January 2023

Background: Black Cumin/Nigella sativa (NS) which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae commonly grows in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia. Its prolonged use can produce physiological changes with or without affecting the architecture of different organs like the heart (cardiac remodeling). The data for the cardiovascular benefits of black cumin are not well-established scientifically.
Objectives: To determine the direct cardiovascular effects of Nigella Sativa extract on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical force), ECG, and coronary flow in the normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on forty-two (42) rabbits. These rabbits were divided into seven groups, each comprising six animals (Group I-VI without cardiac remodeling and Group VII with cardiac remodeling). NS was given to these groups in different doses i.e., Group I (NS=10ug), Group II (NS=30ug), Group III (NS=100ug), Group IV (NS=300ug), Group V (NS=3000ug), Group VI (NS=10000ug) and VII (NS=300ug). Radnoti's working heart system was used to determine the effects of NS on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical Force), ECG, and coronary flow in a normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 28.  
Results: Results of this study revealed negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without ECG changes in the normal heart and with ECG changes in the remodeled heart.
Conclusions: Prolonged use of Nigella sativa can lead to disturbed ECG by affecting the conducting tissue.
Ambulatory Hysteroscopy in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Tertiary Care Hospital Perspective
Authors: Iram Nabila , Saeed Bushra Zahid , Parveen Shagufta
Published: January 2023

Background: To avoid delays in outpatient facilities for managing benign gynecological conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), there is a need to evaluate the usage of unconventional methods like outpatient hysteroscopy.
Objectives: To evaluate the usage of outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Methods: An observational study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. The study included 56 women having AUB with or without a history of failed medical treatment. The study participants underwent outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was done under the local para-cervical block in the Outpatient department. Procedure indications, outcome and biopsy findings were recorded on predesigned proformas.
Results: Median age of the study participants was 44 years. The most common indications for diagnostic hysteroscopy were postmenopausal bleeding (34%) and heavy menstrual bleeding (28%). Hysteroscopy outcomes included endometrial biopsy (34%), discharge with no biopsy (25%), further test and evaluations required (21%), and admission due to failed outpatient procedures (20%). Sixty-two percent of the study participants had normal biopsy findings while other biopsy findings included polyps (20%), fibroids (14%) and endometrial hyperplasia (4%). Nine percent had unsuccessful hysteroscopy due to patient refusal to proceed.
Conclusion: Outpatient hysteroscopy can be helpful in the early and rapid diagnosis of women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Parental Role in Recognition, Prevention and First Aid Management of Foreign Body Aspiration amongst Children
Authors: Salman Fariha , Hira Javaid  , Sadia Ismail  , Salman Sadia
Published: January 2023

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a commonly observed, fatal but preventable condition in children. To reduce the incidence of FBA, it is essential to provide parents with knowledge and guidelines regarding the prevention and management of FBA.
Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and parental role in the prevention and first aid management of foreign body aspiration in children.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to September 2019. After IRB approval and informed consent, 151 parents were enrolled through convenient sampling. Data were recorded in a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS version 26.
Results: Breathlessness and vomiting were recognized as symptoms of FBA by 49.7% & 7.3% of parents respectively. Hand clutched to throat, color & voice change were recognized as signs by 6.6 %, 9.9 % &10.6 % of the parents. As a first aid measure, 66.2% of individuals knew about back slaps, while only 2% were aware of abdominal thrusts. Literate parents were well aware of the facts that children under the age of three should not consume seeds, hazelnuts, and hard nuts and the child should not laugh or talk while eating compared to illiterate parents (p<0.05)
Conclusion: The majority of the parents are not well aware of signs, symptoms, preventive measures and first aid measurements regarding FBA.
Similarities and differences in managerial judgement around the world: Developing an international SJT
Authors: Howard Alan , Choi Max , Krig Nina
Published: January 2023

This article explores differences in judgements of managers across the globe, compared with managers in the UK, and asks whether it is possible to develop a reliable and valid international situational judgement test.
Strengths and development needs: Development of an ipsative 360° feedback process as a new approach to an old problem
Authors: Feltham Rob , Kinley Nik , Young Kate
Published: January 2023

This article presents a case study describing the introduction of an innovative ipsative approach to 360° feedback, including business drivers and benefits.
Measuring resilience: A pilot study
Authors: Davda Alex
Published: January 2023

This article looks at the theoretical underpinnings and empirical development of the Ashridge Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) as a measure of resilience, based around seven resilient attitudes.