bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Mycobacterium leprae using real-time PCR in paucibacillary leprosy patients with negative acid-fast bacilli smears
Authors: Devita Arleen , Ibrahim Fera , Menaldi Sri Linuwih Susetyo Wardhani , Budianti Angky , Yasmon Andi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND Leprosy is an infectious disease that is still a health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. The clinical symptoms are similar to other skin diseases and it is difficult to establish a diagnosis for paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Current serological and histopathological tests have limitations, especially in patients with negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Serological tests often give false-negative results, while histopathological results often consist of non-specific inflammation. Probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays is an alternative test that may be more sensitive and more specific to detect Mycobacterium leprae. METHODS This study was done in June 2015 until March 2016; detected M. leprae in PB patients with negative AFB smears using TaqMan® probe-based RT-PCR assay on slit skin scrapings and skin biopsy specimens from 24 patients. The skin scrapings were obtained from skin tissue on ear lobes, skin lesions, as well as those from biopsy. Samples were tested with RT-PCR while histopathological examinations were only performed on skin from biopsy. RESULTS The RT-PCR assay showed positive results of 21%, 25%, and 96% for specimens obtained from skin scrapings of the ear lobe, skin lesions, and skin biopsy, respectively. On the other hand, the positive rate for the histopathological test from skin biopsy was 79%. It indicated that the TaqMan® RT-PCR assay could increase the diagnostic capacity of histopathological examination by as much as 17%. CONCLUSIONS TaqMan® PCR assay can improve the diagnostic capacity of histopathological examinations, which could be used as the new gold standard for the diagnosis of leprosy.
The functional status, rehospitalization, and hospital cost reduction in geriatric patients after the implementation of the universal health coverage program in the national referral hospital Indonesia
Authors: Soejono Czeresna Heriawan , Sutanto Hari
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND Universal health coverage program (UHCP) might implicate negatively toward geriatric care with its impact on higher cost. The evaluation had to be made, especially in functional status, rehospitalization, and cost-effectiveness.

METHODS Retrospective cohort study with historical control was done. Seventy two geriatric inpatients in the pre-UHCP group and 86 in the UHCP group were recruited from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects with geriatric syndromes admitted from July to December 2013 (pre-UHCP era) and January to June 2014 (UHCP era). Functional status changes, rehospitalization, and process indicators were observed. Cost reduction was calculated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), whereby costs, functional status changes, and rehospitalization of both groups were used to identify the differences.

RESULTS Proportions of functional status increase were 35.3% and 34.8% in the pre- UHCP and UHCP groups, respectively (p = 1.00) and the decrease were 5.9% and 4.5% in the pre-UHCP and UHCP group, respectively (p = 1.00). Rehospitalization rates were 21.7% and 18.1% (p = 0.603) in the pre-UHCP and UHCP groups, respectively. Mean hospital expenses were between 17.1 million IDR (1,221 USD; 1 USD = 14,000 IDR) for the pre-UHCP group and 20.8 million IDR (1,486 USD) for the UHCP group. ICER showed that hospitalization cost was 3.7 million IDR (264 USD) higher to increase 1 activity of daily living score in the UHCP era. As for rehospitalization, the cost was 600,000 IDR (43 USD) less, with 3.6% smaller in readmission.

CONCLUSIONS There was no changes in patients’ functional status after the UHCP implementation. There was a reduction in rehospitalization with lower cost in the UHCP era.
Patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire: validity and reliability for Indonesian population
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Maulahela Hasan , Utari Amanda Pitarini , Kusumo Pratiwi Dyah , Soebandrio Amin , Achmad Ibrahim , William Andy , Makmun Dadang
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND Constipation is a condition commonly encountered by physicians, causing a significant reduction in patients’ quality of life. Therefore, successful management of constipation should also include increase the quality of life. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire is a questionnaire developed to address this issue. However, this questionnaire had not been translated into the Indonesian language. This study was aimed to adapt PAC-QOL into Indonesian culture and perform the psychometric evaluation.

METHODS Translation and cultural adaptation were performed based on the linguistic validation guidelines by Acquadro et al in 2012. To perform the psychometric evaluation, a total of 64 subjects in Petamburan district in Jakarta, Indonesia, were recruited from February to March 2018. Test-retest reliability was assessed by completing the PACQOL twice with one-week interval. Subjects also completed the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire to assess concurrent validity. Internal consistency was analyzed with Cronbach’s alpha value (>0.7) and the intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) overall average score was 1.52 (0.66), while the Cronbach’s alpha value for the overall average score was 0.910. Concurrently, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall score was 0.87. Simultaneously, several experts judged content validity to be adequate. All the questions had significant correlations with their respective domains. Moreover, each domain of PAC-QOL also had a significant correlation with several SF-36 domains.

CONCLUSIONS The psychometric evaluation performed in this study demonstrated that the Indonesian version of the PAC-QOL was valid and reliable, suggesting that this questionnaire can be used in daily clinical practice.
Liver fibrosis of hepatitis C virus infection in routine hemodialysis patients in Indonesia
Authors: Lydia Aida , Larasati Anindia , Gani Rino Alvani , Rinaldi Ikhwan
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing in patients under routine hemodialysis, but only some patients progress to liver fibrosis. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis in routine hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C infection as well as factors associated with liver fibrosis. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary general hospitals (Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Persahabatan Hospital, and Fatmawati Hospital) in Jakarta, Indonesia, among hemodialysis patients infected with HCV. Total sampling was used from May to September 2017 in hemodialysis unit of all hospitals. Sex, age, time at first diagnosis of HCV, duration of HCV infection, duration of hemodialysis, AST level, hepatitis B virus coinfection and diabetes mellitus were analyzed in association with significant liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was assessed using transient elastography and considered significant if the value was ≥7.1 kPa. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Risk model was analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 133 hemodialysis patients infected with HCV, 71.4% of the subjects had significant liver fibrosis. In the risk model, male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74–8.84; p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.03–7.88; p = 0.043) were associated with significant liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis in routine hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C infection was high. Male and DM were associated with significant liver fibrosis.
Policy windows and multiple streams: an analysis of alcohol pricing policy in England
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin , McCambridge Jim
Published: December 2019

This article adopts a multiple streams approach to examine the failure to implement minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol in England. It demonstrates that the multiple streams model provides a valuable conceptual tool for explaining how and why policies are, and are not, enacted. However, it finds that while problem streams and policy streams are useful heuristic devices, in practice they may overlap and be mutually constitutive. The case of MUP also highlights the potential for policy spillover between jurisdictions and different policy contexts, showing both limits to, and the complex nature of, these processes. It shows the need for high level political commitment in order to implement controversial policies, even when they are backed by strong supporting evidence. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of civil society actors not just in bringing policy issues onto the agenda, but in supporting governments in adopting measures to address them.
Formal and Informal Rules in Post-Communist Transition
Authors: Winiecki Jan
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the extent of the impact that informal rules (customs, beliefs, internalized codes-of-conduct, etc.) may have on the course of post-communist transition from plan to market as they affect die ways individuals react to formal rules of transition. The article is in two major parts. The first deals with the impact of informal rules on behavior in a range of areas (law, morals, politics); the second considers alternative transition paths pursued in various post-communist countries as well as die relative probabilities of success of major alternatives.
An Economic Explanation of Donation in the Italian Catholic Church
Authors: Creaco Salvo
Published: December 2019

The main objective of the paper is to provide a public choice explanation of the motivations of individual financial giving to the Italian Catholic Church after the innovations introduced by the Concordat of 1984. The analysis is based on the types of costs and benefits that are likely to enter into personal calculations of financial giving. In particular, we postulate one type of cost (of a private nature) and four kinds of benefits (public, club, mixed and private).
Object-independent piston diagnosing approach for segmented optical mirrors via deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Hui Mei , Li Weiqian , Liu Ming , Dong Liquan , Kong Lingqin , Zhao Yuejin
Published: December 2019

Piston diagnosing approaches based on neural networks have shown great
success, while a few methods are heavily dependent on the imaging
target of the optical system. In addition, they are inevitably faced
with the interference of submirrors. Therefore, a unique
object-independent feature image is used to form an original kind of
data set. Besides, an extremely deep image-based convolutional neural
network (CNN) of 18 layers is constructed. Furthermore, 9600 images
are generated as a data set for each submirror with a special measure
of sensitive area extracting. The diversity of results among all the
submirrors is also analyzed to ensure generalization ability. Finally,
the average root mean square error of six submirrors between the real
piston values and the predicted values is approximately

0.0622

λ

. Our approach has the following
characteristics: (1) the data sets are object-independent and contain
more effective details, which behave comparatively better in CNN
training; (2) the complex network is deep enough and only a limited
number of images are required; (3) the method can be applied to the
piston diagnosing of segmented mirror to overcome the difficulty
brought by the interference of submirrors. Our method does not require
special hardware, and is fast to be used at any time, which may be
widely applied in piston diagnosing of segmented mirrors.
Focused and defocused retinal images with Bessel and axicon pupil functions
Authors: Westheimer Gerald
Published: December 2019

Retinal image light distributions in a standard optical model of a diffraction-limited eye with round pupils are presented for several patterns of amplitude and phase modulation of the light admitted into the eye. Of special interest are circularly symmetrical configurations of truncated Bessel amplitude transmission functions, and of light subjected to axicon deviation. It is shown by several examples that this kind of beam shaping allows generation of retinal imagery, which can be more robust to defocus while maintaining minimal image degradation, and it points to situations of two separate zones simultaneously in sharp focus, several diopters apart.
Coupling silica waveguides to photonic crystal waveguides through a multilayered Luneburg lens
Authors: Badri S. Hadi , M. Gilarlue M.
Published: December 2019

We present a detailed analysis of a coupler based on the Luneburg lens to couple a silica waveguide to a photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide. The dependence of coupling efficiency on the lens’s truncation, cut position of the PhC structure, coupler tip width, and misalignment are investigated with a two-dimensional finite element method. We implement the lens with a concentric ring-based multilayer structure. We also present a method to replace layers with very narrow widths by layers of predetermined minimum widths in the structure of the lens. The coupling loss of the designed 2.7-µm-long coupler, connecting a 2.79-µm-wide silica waveguide to a PhC structure with a rod-type square lattice, is lower than 0.49 dB in the C-band. The average coupling loss in the entire S, C, L, and U bands of optical communications is 0.70 dB.
1030-nm passively Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser using excited-state absorption of thulium fiber
Authors: Tsai Tzong-Yow , Lee Zhi-Cheng
Published: December 2019

We demonstrated a pulsed ytterbium all-fiber laser passively

Q

-switched using excited-state absorption of thulium fiber and a mode-field-area mismatch. The absorption cross section of the excited state

3

F
4

was measured and determined to be the key factor inducing pulsing, and it was much higher than that of the ground state

3

H
6

over 0.95–1.15 µm. By successfully realizing the pulsed laser at 1030 nm, which is the most critical wavelength for

Q

-switching, we verified that the excite state

3

F
4

of

T
m

3
+

could be a full-range saturable-absorber

Q

-switch for a Yb fiber laser over 1.0–1.15 µm.
A brutal humanism for the new millennium? The legacy of Neorealism in contemporary cinema of migration
Authors: Johnson Rachel
Published: December 2019

This article proposes that the institutional construction of Italian cinema of migration in the new millennium may be conditioned by an enduring, implicit aspect of Neorealism's legacy: a 'brutal humanism' that posits the witnessing of bodies in crisis as an ethical act. Supplementing Karl Schoonover's theory of brutal humanism with Lacanian gaze theory, I argue that the Berlin International Film Festival's synopsis of a recent cause célèbre of Italian cinema, Fuocoammare (Fire at Sea) (Rosi, 2016), instantiates a 'brutal vision' directed towards the figure of the refugee, while the film text's depiction of the 'objective gaze' of these characters challenges such relations of power and looking. The article underlines the importance of competitive European film festivals and paratexts in the international circulation and ideological construction of Italian cinema, while arguing that the film text itself can offer a site of resistance to the meanings that institutions ascribe to it.
Commercialism and the quotidian
Authors: Bohlinger Vincent
Published: December 2019

This article examines Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger in relation to the aesthetics of Andy Warhol's own filmmaking and contemporaneous American television commercials. I point to how the film's design – including the single long take, ambient sound, and Warhol's performance – draw upon and undermine American commercial culture.
Eye contact in Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger
Authors: Gills Libertad
Published: December 2019

In Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger, Warhol looks at the camera and quickly away, trying to avoid eye contact, and yet, finding it difficult not to look.
Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger and the Pop Cinema portrait
Authors: Day Tom
Published: December 2019

The film is placed in an under-explored lineage of Pop Cinema – experimental films concerned with the themes and aesthetics of Pop Art. Specifically, the work is read as a Pop portrait film which shares the formal characteristics of stasis and duration that mark Warhol's and other artists' Pop portrait films.
Boredom revisited, or how Andy Warhol predated slow cinema
Authors: Boczkowska Kornelia
Published: December 2019

The article analyses how Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger predates slow cinema by evoking situative and existential boredom. Rather than simply facilitating modernist and temporal ways of seeing, Leth explores the creative potential of Warhol's post-Romantic boredom, marked by both duration and meaninglessness, to counteract the anti-immersion effect and amplify receptiveness.
The end of time: Bullet in the Brain
Authors: Barton Ruth
Published: December 2019

Bullet in the Brain departs interestingly from the original story in ways that affect how the central character is constructed. I focus on one particular addition – where Anders points to his watch to insist that the bank has closed unduly early – and discuss its significance.
Teaching tropes and clichés in Bullet in the Brain
Authors: Christensen Jørgen Riber
Published: December 2019

Based on the narrative mechanisms of the short film, the article addresses its use of clichés and tropes. The focus is on the migration of these tropes from a narrative position to a thematic level – a migration regarded as a metafictional device with the aim of explaining the fate of the main character.
Time to die: The Edenic moment in Bullet in the Brain
Authors: Zambenedetti Alberto
Published: December 2019

This film belongs to a long tradition of 'moment of death' narratives, including Robert Enrico's 1961 adaptation of 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge' ([1890] 2011) by Ambrose Bierce. The article will discuss how these narratives engage with time and mortality, and how they are compelled to return to an Edenic moment in the dying character's past.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity from Lactobacillus spp. strains against virulent Salmonella species isolated from slaughter animals in Benin
Authors: Agbankpe Alidehou Jerrold , Dougnon Tamegnon Victorien , Balarabe Roubaya , Deguenon Esther , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are among the world's leading foodborne pathogens, found naturally in the intestines of many animals. Lactic acid bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, are a promising alternative to antibiotics for animal and human health. This study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus spp. strains against virulent Salmonella spp. isolated from slaughter animals in Benin.

Materials and Methods: Eleven samples of raw cow's milk, five samples of breast milk, and six infant stool samples were taken. From these samples, strains of Lactobacillus were isolated and identified. The probiotic potential of each of the identified strains was characterized, and finally in vitro antibacterial activity of these strains was evaluated against three virulent strains of Salmonella spp. and a reference strain of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028.

Results: Out of the 22 samples collected, 20 strains of Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified. These strains included Lactobacillus plantarum (30%), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (25%), Lactobacillus casei (25%), Lactobacillus salivarius (15%), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (05%). Characterization of the probiotic potential of these strains showed that only 16 strains were resistant to pH=1.5. Fourteen of them were able to withstand the simulated gastric juice (pH 1.5+pepsin). The 14 probiotic strains showed very good antibacterial activity against virulent strains of Salmonella spp. with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 12.36±0.03 mm to 35.33±0.05 mm (R values>6 mm).

Conclusion: From this study, Lactobacillus strains isolated from raw cow milk, breast milk, and infantile stool might be used as some valid candidates for probiotics. It also represents good alternatives for antibiotics in the fight against animal and human salmonellosis.
The introduction, the link between applied research and a successful publication
Authors: Fenton Nicole
Published: December 2019

.
Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension Secondary to Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Postrenal Transplant
Authors: Piao Cindy , Koul Abhinav , Gui Dorina , Chen Ling-xin , Sarkar Souvik
Published: December 2019

Noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a well-known clinical entity, but often underdiagnosed. One of the common causes of NCPH is nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) that presents as nodularity with features of portal hypertension and thus often diagnosed as cirrhosis. Although NRH has no histologic fibrosis, the liver synthetic function remains intact; thus, clinical diagnosis is essential because management may differ from cirrhosis. We were asked to consult in this series of 4 patients who had new-onset ascites after kidney transplantation and were diagnosed with NCPH from NRH.
Tantangan Kompleksitas Manajemen Cedera Ledakan Bom: Pengalaman Dari Rumah Sakit Swasta Tipe B Surabaya
Authors: Sutrisno Putro A.K Wisnu Baroto , Airlangga Prananda Surya , Rahardjo Eddy
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Di seluruh dunia, kasus pengeboman meningkat dan seringkali dipakai sebagai metode terorisme. Ledakan adalah penyebab paling umum jatuhnya korban. Minggu, 13 Mei 2018, tiga buah bom meledakkan tiga gereja di Surabaya.  Dilaporkan ada 43 korban dan telah mengakibatkan 13 orang tewas saat itu juga.Kasus: Terdapat 3 kasus dilaporkan sebagai korban ledakan bom. Kesemuanya kasus dengan luas luka bakar lebih dari 50%. Kasus pertama dan ketiga disertai trauma inhalasi sehingga perlu intubasi dan ventilator. Ketiga kasus diresusitasi dengan formula Baxter dan segera mendapatkan tindakan debridement luka bakar. Pada kasus pertama dan ketiga ditemukan debris logam pada bagian tubuh pasien. Kasus pertama pasien meninggal 20 jam pasca ledakan. Kasus kedua dan ketiga tetap bertahan setelah menjalani perawatan di intensive care unit (ICU) masing-masing selama 10 dan 29 hari.Pembahasan: Trauma ledakan bom mempunyai 4 tahapan efek, yaitu primary (efek langsung tekanan), secondary (efek proyektil ledakan), tertiary (structure collapse dan terlemparnya korban), dan quarternary (luka bakar, trauma inhalasi, eksaserbasi penyakit kronis). Penanganan pasien luka bakar akibat cedera high order explosive pada hakekatnya sama dengan penanganan pasien luka bakar umumnya, berdasarkan tahapan primary dan secondary survey. Berdasar riwayat, penilaian awal dan penampakan klinis diduga ada trauma thermal jalan napas atas, proteksi jalan napas dengan intubasi segera dilakukan. Manajemen cairan kasus luka bakar untuk mempertahankan perfusi jaringan fase awal burn shock.Kesimpulan: Korban cedera ledakan seringkali menunjukkan kombinasi 4 jenis trauma (ledakan, tumpul, tembus dan thermal). Dengan mengenali gambaran unik cedera ledakan, dokter akan lebih baik dan cepat menangani korban.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Anestesi Spinal Menggunakan Bupivakain Hiperbarik dengan Bupivakain Isobarik pada Pasien yang Menjalani Prosedur Operasi Abdomen Bagian Bawah di RSUP Dr. Kariadi
Authors: Nugroho Taufik Eko , Pujo Jati Listiyanto , Pusparini Herning Tyas
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Lebih dari 300 juta prosedur bedah dilakukan di seluruh dunia setiap tahun. Sekitar 5% atau 15 juta prosedur bedah dilakukan dengan teknik anestesi spinal. Bupivakain hidroklorida adalah anestesi lokal aminoasil dan merupakan anestesi lokal yang paling umum digunakan. Ada dua jenis bupivakain yang digunakan yaitu hiperbarik dan isobarik. Perbedaan kepadatan dari dua jenis obat ini diyakini mempengaruhi pola difusi obat tersebut dan dengan demikian menentukan efektivitas, hemodinamik, penyebaran blok, dan efek samping obat.Tujuan: Membandingkan efektivitas bupivakain hiperbarik dengan bupivakain isobarik pada pasien yang menjalani operasi abdomen bagian bawah.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode single blind randomized controlled trial dengan consecutive sampling. Ethical Clearance diperoleh dan pasien memberikan ketersediaan dalam penelitian dalam lembar informed consent. Sebanyak 48 pasien yang menjalani prosedur operasi elektif ASA I-II abdomen bagian bawah di RSUP Dr. Kariadi yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; kelompok I mendapatkan bupivakain hiperbarik 0.5% 15 mg dan kelompok II mendapatkan bupivakain isobarik 0.5% 15 mg. Posisi kedua pasien saat dilakukan spinal dalam posisi duduk. Tusukan dilakukan di L3-4. Setelah dilakukan anestesi spinal pasien diposisikan tidur terlentang dengan bantal. Dilakukan pencatatan status hemodinamik, pencatatan ketinggian blok menggunakan tes tusuk (pinprick), dan tes bromage, serta pencatatan efek samping pada menit ke 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, dan 30. Keseluruhan data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Onset dari bupivakain hiperbarik lebih cepat daripada bupivakain isobarik (2,00 ± 0.18 menit versus 5,13 ± 0,34 menit, p < 0,001). Durasi kelompok isobarik lebih panjang dibandingkan hiperbarik (180 + 22 menit versus 150 + 24 menit, p < 0.001). Ketinggian blok sensoris dan motorik tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Untuk ketinggian blok sensoris titik tertinggi adalah T5 pada kelompok I dan kelompok II dicapai pada menit ke 6. Untuk ketinggian blok motorik titik tertinggi adalah T5 pada kelompok I yang dicapai pada menit ke 6, sedangkan pada kelompok II dicapai pada menit ke 9. Efek samping berupa mual dan muntah lebih tinggi pada kelompok hiperbarik (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Bupivakain isobarik tidak lebih efektif dibandingkan bupivakain hiperbarik pada pasien yang akan menjalani prosedur operasi perut bagian bawah.
Epidural Analgesia Kolaborasi Dokter Anestesi dan Dokter Bedah Syaraf untuk Penanganan Nyeri Pascaoperasi Tulang Belakang
Authors: Sutiyono Doso
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Nyeri pascaoperasi masih merupakan masalah utama pasien pascaoperasi dan menjadi tanggung jawab bersama dokter anestesi dan dokter bedah. Operasi tulang belakang menyebabkan nyeri pascaoperasi yang berat. Epidural analgesia menghasilkan skor nyeri lebih rendah dan kebutuhan rescue analgetic lebih sedikit dibanding analgesia konvensional sistemik pada operasi tulang belakang.Laporan kasus ini bertujuan memperkenalkan epidural analgesia untuk penanganan nyeri operasi tulang belakang di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Kami laporkan dua kasus penanganan nyeri pascaoperasi pasien yang operasi tulang belakang dengan modal utama epidural analgesia yang merupakan hasil kolaborasi dokter anestesi dan dokter bedah syaraf.Kasus: Pasien 1 menderita paraplegi inferior flacid karena fraktur kompresi T11 – T12, pasien 2 menderita hernia nucleus pulposus (HNP) L4 – L5, L5 – S1. Keduanya menjalani operasi tulang belakang. Menjelang akhir tindakan operasi, dokter bedah syaraf   memasang kateter epidural di ruang epidural. Setelah luka operasi ditutup, bupivakain 0,125% bolus 10 ml disuntikan lewat kateter epidural sesaat setelah pasien ditelentangkan. Nyeri pascaoperasi dikelola dengan memberikan bupivakain 0,125 % kontinyu. Pasien juga mendapatkan paracetamol 1000 mg tiap 6 jam.Pembahasan: Epidural analgesia untuk operasi tulang belakang dapat diberikan sebelum operasi, selama operasi, atau akhir operasi. Obat yang diinjeksikan dapat merupakan obat lokal anestesi, opioid, atau kombinasinya. Pemberian obat dapat berupa bolus tunggal, infus kontinyu, atau patient control epidural analgesia (PCEA). Beberapa keuntungan yang didapat berupa skor nyeri yang lebih rendah, kebutuhan opioid lebih sedikit, pemulihan peristaltik usus yang lebih cepat, insiden mual muntah lebih rendah, kehilangan darah durante operasi lebih sedikit, dan tingkat kepuasan pasien lebih tinggi.Epidural analgesia untuk menghilangkan rasa nyeri pascaoperasi bedah tulang belakang merupakan metode efektif dan aman. Teknik ini dapat digunakan di semua jenis operasi tulang belakang seperti mikrodisektomi, laminektomi, instrumentasi dengan atau tanpa koreksi, dan koreksi skoliosis.Pada pasien kasus didapatkan pascaoperasi kondisi ke dua pasien stabil tak ada keluhan. Numeric rating scale (NRS) selama 48 jam pascaoperasi ≤ 2. Hemodinamik stabil.  Efek samping tindakan tidak ditemukan.Kesimpulan: Pemasangan kateter epidural menjelang akhir operasi memastikan kateter epidural ditempatkan pada lokasi yang tepat. Epidural analgesia pada operasi tulang belakang terbukti efektif mengelola nyeri pascaoperasi.
Sikap Ambivalensi Pribumi Dan Hibriditas Masyarakat Di Kepulauan Utara Jepang Dalam Film Animasi Joppani No Shima Karya Shigemichi Sugita
Authors: Priventa Hendrike
Published: December 2019

This study aims to describe the indigenous ambivalence in the Joppani no Shima animated film and community hybridity in the Japanese Northern Islands in the animated film Joppani no Shima. The approach used is postcolonial with the perspective of Homi. K Bhaba. The results of this study are 1) The attitude of indigenous ambivalence in the film Joppani no Shima is divided into two, namely the attitude of loving the homeland and the attitude of looking at the colonizers higher. The attitude of indigenous ambivalence is one of the drivers of hybridity. 2) The hybridity of the North Island Islands of Japan can be seen in three aspects, namely the outlook on life, knowledge and lifestyle.Keywords : Animated film; North Japanese islands; postcolonial; ambivalence; hybridity
Impact analysis of inbuilt rehabilitation material on the recultivation of abandoned sandpit
Authors: CERAR Sonja , BAVEC Špela
Published: December 2019

For the rehabilitation and reclamation of abandoned sandpit in Drtija (Moravče), construction composites are used as rehabilitation materials. Construction composites are produced by mixing of recycled non-hazardous waste and natural materials. In the presented study, the chemical composition of the rehabilitation materials, which are already built-in on abandoned surfaces and impact analysis on recultivation of the upper layer, was evaluated. For this purpose, the rehabilitation materials were sampled at 3 locations with test pit excavations up to a depth of 3 m, surrounding topsoils (0-10 cm) at 2 locations and leachate at 1 location. The results show that the in-built rehabilitation materials are burdened with metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), which are, however, poorly soluble under the given conditions. The latter is also indicated by the concentrations of metals in the leachate, which are within the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) area. Regarding organic substances, the presence of phenol and formaldehyde was found in the leachate. In rehabilitation materials only phenol was found in two samples. Considering that the rehabilitation materials will be covered with a layer of clay and humus and will be tilled or afforested as part of the final rehabilitation step, the impact of rehabilitation materials on the reclaimed soil is not expected. According to results of this study recultivaton of the upper layer with planting of woods is recommended.
Comparative growth analysis, yield and quality of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)) lines propagated by seed and stem cuttings
Authors: OLAYINKA Bolaji Umar , AKINWUNMI Mubarak A , ALSAMADANY Hameed , ABDULBAKI Abdulbaki Shehu , ALZAHRANI Yahya , ETEJERE Emmanuel O
Published: December 2019

In the present study, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of seed planting and stem cutting method of propagation on two cowpea lines (IT07K-243-1-2 and IT07K-298-15). Data assessed were subjected to student t-test to test for the significant effect of the two methods at p < 0.05. Results showed that growth characters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, above-ground dry mass, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate were significantly enhanced in seed propagation method compared to stem cutting. The yield components such as number of matured pods per plant, pod mass per plant, pod length, pod circumference, pod filling, hundred (100) seed mass, seed mass per plant, average number of seed per pod, harvest index and pod yield per metre square followed similar pattern as recorded for growth characters. Germination potential of the harvested seeds as well as vigour were better in seed planting than stem cutting. Varietal difference showed that line IT07K-298-15 had higher growth, yield and germination potential than IT07K-243-1-2. However, the protein, fat and carbohydrate contents of the latter were higher than the formal. The study concluded that the use of true seed promoted higher productivity. However, planting of stems could still be encouraged on account of a non-significant difference in some of the aforementioned attributes, thereby limiting over-reliance on seed as the main source of planting material for propagating the cowpea lines.
Longevity and vigour of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) seed stored under humid tropical ambient conditions
Authors: ADEBISI Moruf Ayodele , KEHINDE Tolulope Olaitan , OLADIPO Tunmise Elizabeth , LAWAL Isiaq Omoniyi
Published: December 2019

Seeds of 20 pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes were evaluated for seed longevity and vigour under humid ambient conditions. Cleaned seeds of each genotype were packed into a polyethylene bag, the packaged lot was electrically sealed and thereafter placed in a seed store under ambient conditions (30 ºC, RH 75 %). Seed samples were withdrawn at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days after storage for seed quality parameters evaluation. The experiment consisted of two factors which were genotype and storage duration and was a laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were collected on rate of seed germination, seed viability, seedling length, seedlings fresh mass, seedlings dry mass and seedling vigour index. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant treatment means were separated using Tukey’s HSD test at 5 % probability level. PROBIT modelling was also used to predict the seed longevity of stored pigeon pea. Significant differences were observed in all seed quality attributes evaluated among the 20 pigeon pea genotypes and storage time except seedling fresh mass. Seed quality attributes decreased significantly with increasing storage periods. Genotypes NSWCC-18A, NSWCC-24, NSWC-34 and NSWCC-29A were identified to be superior for most of the seed quality attributes evaluated. PROBIT modelling result revealed that genotype NSWCC-29b had the highest storage life (16.28 months) and the highest storage potentials in terms of seed viability and other seed quality attributes of all seed lots.
Objectivization of vacuum-compression therapy effects on micro- and macrovascular perfusion in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Prucha Jaroslav , Socha Vladimir , Hanakova Lenka , Lalis Andrej , Hana Karel
Published: December 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristic influence of physical therapeutic procedures of vacuum-compression therapy (VCT) on microvascular perfusion (MiP) and macrovascular perfusion (MaP) of the lower limb in diabetic patients. A sample of nine patients with a medical history of type 2 diabetes was used for the purpose of this study. Most of the subjects’ medical conditions included venous and neurological complications of the lower limb, whereas the rest of the subjects entered the treatment due to injury recovery or their phlebological disease. The PeriFlux System 5000 (Perimed, Sweden) diagnostic device was used to measure MiP. The MaP was evaluated based on the perfusion index (PI) using the Extremiter monitoring device (Embitron, Czech Republic) designed to perform VCT procedures. The study found that MiP and MaP increase as an effect of VCT procedures and at the same time PI clearly reflects the effect of the applied vacuum and compression phases, verifying the method’s vital influence on peripheral perfusion disorders.
Complexity, cost, and content – three important factors for translation of clinical protein mass spectrometry tests, and the case for apolipoprotein C-III proteoform testing
Authors: Nedelkov Dobrin , Hu Yueming
Published: December 2019

Complexity, cost, and content are three important factors that can impede translation of clinical protein mass spectrometry (MS) tests at a larger scale. Complexity stems from the many components/steps involved in bottom-up protein MS workflows, making them significantly more complicated than enzymatic immunoassays (EIA) that currently dominate clinical testing. This complexity inevitably leads to increased costs, which is detrimental in the price-competitive clinical marketplace. To successfully compete, new clinical protein MS tests need to offer something new and unique that EIAs cannot – a new content of proteoform detection. The preferred method for proteoform profiling is intact protein MS analysis, in which all proteins are measured as intact species thus allowing discovery of new proteoforms. To illustrate the importance of intact proteoform testing with MS and its potential clinical implications, we discuss here recent findings from multiple studies on the distribution of apolipoprotein C-III proteoforms and their correlations with key clinical measures of dyslipidemia. Such studies are only made possible with assays that are low in cost, avoid unnecessary complexity, and are unique in providing the content of proteoforms.
Phenomenological analysis of diagnostic radiology: description and relevance to diagnostic errors
Authors: Briedis Mindaugas , Briediene Ruta
Published: December 2019

This paper uses novel qualitative research methods (phenomenology, ethnography and enactivism) to understand the cognitive processes through which radiologists interpret medical images to arrive at a diagnosis. From this perspective, diagnosis is not simply a matching of findings to retrieved mental images, but more properly an act of embodied or situated cognition, one that involves perception along with the actualization of professional memory and imagination and an expert-level understanding of the involved technology. Image interpretation involves a diverse set of factors, each of which is critical to arriving at the correct diagnostic interpretations, and conversely, may be the source of mis-interpretations and diagnostic error. Interpretation depends on the radiologist’s understanding of the imaging modality that was used, a deep appreciation of anatomy and comprehensive knowledge of relevant diseases and how they manifest in medical imaging. A range of personal and inter-personal factors may also come into play, including understanding the actions, values and goals of the patient, the imaging technicians and the clinicians and other medical professionals involved in the patient’s care. This multi-dimensional perspective provides novel insights regarding the cognitive aspects of diagnostic radiology and a novel framework for understanding how diagnostic errors arise in this process. Some of the findings of this research may have applications for diagnostic praxis in general, that is, beyond radiology diagnostics.
Intelligent programming of robotic flange production by means of CAM programming
Authors: Tirpak Peter , Michalik Peter , Dobransky Jozef , Macej Jozef , Petrus Michal
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the description of the production programming of a robotic flange, which consists of outer conical, cylindrical surface, face area and internal threaded surfaces. For the modelling of a 3D model and the generation of production design, the Autodesk Inventor Professional 2018 software was used. To enter the semi-finished piece, select individual tools, cutting conditions, simulation and the NC program generation for RS Fanuc, the HSMPRO 2018 software extension was used. The circularity deviation was measured using the Roundtest RA 120 measuring device. The mean arithmetic values of roughness for the hole were: D = 126, Rz = 11.43 μm, Ra = 1.92 μm. The circularity deviation was 22.3 μm.
台湾双言制格局下的两岸通用语词汇差异
Authors: 行健 李
Published: December 2019

按照双言制理论，在通用语使用域内，台湾言语社区已形成以 “标准国语” 为高变体，以 “台湾国语” 为低变体的双言制格局。要深化两岸现代汉语的对比研究，应在台湾这一语言格局的框架内，考察、分析两岸通用语在语音、词汇、语法各层面的差异。词汇方面，普通话与台湾通用语（“标准国语”＋“台湾国语”），除了整体性差异，也表现为普通话与 “标准国语” 或者 “台湾国语” 的单向性差异。理清台湾双言制格局下两岸差异的层次性，才能对两岸通用语词汇差异做出全面、可靠的描写。
Unterrichtsbeispiel: STAR-Rollenspiel „Weltraumrundreise“ zur Förderung der Language Awareness
Authors: Geneuss Katrin , Hilgers Janika
Published: December 2019

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die dramadidaktische Lernform STARs (Student Activating Roleplaying Games). Mithilfe des konkreten Beispiels „Weltraumrundreise“ soll aufgezeigt werden, wie ein 90-minütiges Rollenspiel im Unterricht zur Förderung der Language Awareness und der Wahrnehmung der Sprachenvielfalt eingesetzt werden kann.
The Quest for the Early Modern Bible Reader: The Dutch Vorsterman Bible (1533–1534), its Readers and Users
Authors: Tops Bert
Published: December 2019

This article investigates a book-archeological approach to early modern Bible reading that maps the complex interactions between the substantive elements of a book (text, paratext, illustrations) on the one hand, and its historical readers and the traces they left on the other. That method is applied to all 43 extant copies of the Dutch Vorsterman Bible of 1533–1534. The editions printed by Willem Vorsterman were for a long time regarded as Protestant. However, the Bibles had the approval of the secular and ecclesiastic authorities and were intended for a Catholic public. The edition of 1533–1534 is a glossed Bible with many historicizing, chronological, linguistic and typological paratextual elements. The former owners of the 43 Bibles and their confessional background are examined. Intended and unintended traces of use give clues to the actual use of the Bible. The article turns at the end to a heavily annotated copy, examining the religious ideas of the annotator and the way in which he used the Bible.
Vernacular Books and Domestic Devotion in Cinquecento Italy
Authors: Faini Marco
Published: December 2019

From the fifteenth century onwards, devotional texts represented a prominent part of the output of the Italian printing press. Much of this production, which often represented a privileged way to access the biblical text, is still largely unexplored. My article will analyse a selection of devotional writings printed at the end of the fifteenth century and in the first three decades of the sixteenth century that were directed to a large audience of laymen and women of medium to low literacy. I will analyse how these texts entered the domestic devotional practices of Italian devotees, focussing especially on reading. I will take into account their suggestions about how, when, and by whom reading should be performed; what readings devotees were encouraged to pursue; how the ideal reader was shaped in the paratextual apparatuses; and, finally, what textual tools the readers were offered to perform their reading practices.
Pannenberg’s Doctrine of Resurrection as Science
Authors: Yang Jae
Published: December 2019

This article argues that Wolfhart Pannenberg’s doctrine of resurrection can be demonstrated as science. I utilize the so-called “soft” sciences (history and anthropology) alongside the “hard” sciences (cosmology and neuroscience) to demonstrate the rationality of the ostensibly miraculous resurrection. In the discussion, I argue against empiricists who posit the impossibility of the resurrection on account of analogy to favor Pannenberg’s approach of contingency and human exocentricity. Paralleling the shift in Pannenberg’s own theological approach from anthropology to the Trinity, I also argue that Pannenberg’s focus on the hard sciences in his later career reflects his concern for a more “objective” approach. Related to the hard sciences, I take the principle of continuity/discontinuity which touches on issues such as contingency, field theory, time and eternity, and various cosmological theories to demonstrate the scientific possibility of the resurrection that is both this worldly and other worldly. Moreover, using neuroscientific insights, I argue that the resurrection is not an immortality of the soul but a new body, consistent with modern science’s emphasis on physicalism, lifted by a scientifically explained exocentric field. In the discussion, I argue that Pannenberg is a modified Kuhnian who underscores evidence and facts but also the context from which they emerge.
Integral measurement of spectrum-averaged cross sections of a few threshold reactions induced by fast neutrons of a TRIGA reactor: comparison with integrated data from excitation functions given in various data libraries
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Rafee K. A. , Hossain S. M. , Khan R. , Qaim S. M.
Published: December 2019

Integral cross sections of the reactions 24Mg(n,p)24Na, 27Al(n,p)27Mg, 27Al(n,α)24Na, 58Ni(n,d + np)57Co and 60Ni(n,p)60Co were measured for the first time using the fast neutron spectrum of a TRIGA reactor extending from 0.5 to 20 MeV. The values obtained in this work were comparable with the recommended values for a pure 235U prompt fission spectrum. The measured integral value was utilized for integral test of excitation function of each reaction given in some data libraries, namely ENDF/B-VIII.0, TENDL-2017, IRDFF-1.05 and ROSFOND-2010. The integral measurements are generally consistent with the integrated values within 5 %, except for a few cases, e. g. the reaction 60Ni(n,p)60Co, where the data libraries appear to need improvement.
Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855): A predecessor of Max Schweidler?
Authors: Wagini Susanne , Holzherr Katrin
Published: December 2019

The restorer Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855), famous in the early nineteenth century, has long fallen into oblivion. A recent discovery of his work associated with old master prints at the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München has allowed a close study of his methods and skills as well as those of his pupil Ludwig Albert von Montmorillon (1794–1854), providing a fresh perspective on the early history of paper conservation. Von Hermann’s method of facsimile inserts was praised by his contemporaries, before Max Schweidler (1885–1953) described these methods in 1938. The present article provides biographical notes on both nineteenth century restorers, gives examples of prints treated by them and adds a chapter of conservation history crediting them with a place in the history of the discipline. In summary, this offers a surprising insight on how works of art used to be almost untraceably restored by this team of Munich-based restorers more than 150 years before Schweidler.