bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Antimony on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel in Acid Solution with High Chloride Concentration
Authors: Chen Shan , Li Guo Ming , Wang Xiao Yan , Chen Xue Qun
Published: October 2012

This study focused on the effect of antimony on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel using electrochemical techniques such as dynamic scanning and EIS and immersion test in an acid solution with high chloride concentration. The potentiodynamic test showed the anodic and cathodic corrosion behavior of all specimens and the corrosion rate decreased with increasing antimony addition. EIS showed that the antimony-containing steels had higher rust layer resistance. These test results showed the addition of antimony was convenient to the enhancement of corrosion resistance of the steel in the acid solution with high chloride concentration. The tests proved that the content of antimony controlled to 0.12% in the steel showed the best corrosion resistance.
The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K2ZrF6 with NaH2PO4 Electrolyte
Authors: Fu Wen , Wang Li , Chen Li
Published: October 2012

The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Trypsin Inhibitor from Oyster
Authors: Zhao Yuan Hui , Zeng Ming Yong , Li Xia
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the purification and biochemical characterization of the endogenous oyster (Crassostrea gigas) trypsin inhibitor were researched. A oyster trypsin inhibitor（OTI）has been purified by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, affinity chromatography and high performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography. OTI has a molecular weight of approximately 5036 Da estimated by high performance size exclusive liquid chromatography. OTI was heat-, acid- and basic-stable competitive trypsin inhibitor. And OTI was double-head inhibitor with the inhibition constant (Ki) value of 1.644×10-2 mmol L-1. OTI was composed of nine kinds of amino acid, and rich in cysteine, alanine and glutamic acid. Furthermore, OTI can inhibit the proliferations of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell and human cervical cancer Hela cell
Design of Test Device for Carbon Dioxide Absorbents as Energy Materials Based on Pressure Sensor and Temperature Sensor
Authors: Shao Bin , Yu Qing Hua , Li Xiao Hong
Published: October 2012

This thesis introduces design principle, methods and composition of a new test device for carbon dioxide absorbents as energy materials based on pressure sensor and temperature sensor. The error of the test device is analyzed. The results show that the error of the device is acceptable after correcting, the error can be ignored. The test results are reliable.
Analysis on the Influence Factors of Well Deviation in Gas Drilling
Authors: Sun Shi Hui , Yan Tie , Bi Xue Liang , Wang Peng
Published: October 2012

Well deviation control has become a bottleneck restraining the development of gas drilling. Without lubrication of drilling fluid and the existence of negative pressure differential, the reasons of well deviation in gas drilling are different from in mud drilling. The effects of stress distribution difference, rock-breaking mechanism, well bore enlargement and water export on well deviation during both gas drilling and mud drilling are compared and studied on the basis of the previous studies in this paper. The conclusion demonstrates that the new stress state of the bottom rock, the uneven crater which is formed by rock breaking and the borehole enlargement are the main causes of well deviation during gas drilling.
A Review on Reagents and Processes of Fine-Grained Cassiterite Flotation in Mining Engineering
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Zhang Min , Wang Wan Ping , Song Bao Xu
Published: October 2012

Tin resources are abundant and complicated in China. Most of tin resources come from cassiterite. Normally the main beneficiation method of coarse cassiterite ore is gravity separation. However, as for the fine-grained cassiterite, flotation and joint processing techniques are generally selected to improve the low recovery from gravity separation. This paper outlines different kinds of cassiterite, collectors and depressants for cassiterite flotation and their using conditions and some reinforced methods in beneficiation of the fine-grained cassiterite for reference in mining industry.
Study on the Technique to Control Heat-Damage in Mine
Authors: Zhang Kai , Shang Jing Shi , Tang Bin , Guo Ping Ye
Published: October 2012

With the increasing of exploitation scope and intensity, the deep mining would be the essential choice, where the heat-harm of high temperature becomes one of the main barriers. Through analyzing the thermal damage feature, the cooling technology were be used that put the mine discharge as cold source to control the heat harm. By disposing three main workstation, the technology can be accomplishes its operations and corresponding functions in different exploitation level. Particularly, the exchanged heat source form the workplace is taken to ground heating by the circulating water which being acted as a carrier. It show that the design concept of this technology include protect the environment and reduce the emission of deleterious air. The results of the project illustrate that the technology to control the heat-harm is efficient. The temperature of the workplace is brought down to 26-29 centigrade, and is 4-6 centigrade lower than the original, and the relative humidity is 5-15﹪ lower than before. It is greatly improves the working environment of the workplace where the heat-harm of high temperature and high humidity lasts for a quite long time. In addition， it extracts deep geothermal energy successful replacing ground fired boiler for heating, further reducing environmental pollution.
The Effect of Technological Parameter on the Co-liquefaction of Coal with Lignin
Authors: Tang Qing Jie , Wang Zhi Hong
Published: October 2012

The co-liquefaction of coal with lignin was studied by minisize high pressure reactor, tetralin and Fe2O3 were used as solvent and catalyst, and the study was focused on the reaction temperature, initial pressure of hydrogen and mixture ratio of lignin with coal. The results showed that the reaction temperature, the initial pressure and mixture ratio has the important influence on the conversion rate of coal, the oil production rate in the process of co-liquefaction with coal and the lignin. Effect of co-liquefaction is best in reaction temperature 440°C, initial pressure 9Mpa, mixture ratio of lignin and coal for 2∶8, the conversion rate of coal and the oil production rate respectively achieves 87.66% and 50.39%.
A Study for Piping Phenomenon of the Different Graded Sands on Slope in Mining Engineering of Civil Construction
Authors: Chang Te Hsing , Tang Yuan Han , Tung Ning Chien
Published: October 2012

In this study, the slope piping experiment selected 6 different sands in mining engineering of civil construction. In addition to discussing the physical parameters of the graded sands in mining engineering, the piping destruction parameters of different slopes were obtained from the experiment. When piping occurs, we can use numerical model to get the hydraulic gradient value at the failure point. The difference between the theoretical estimation and the numerical model was compared and we found that different particle size distribution caused the main difference. The particle size parameter ratio, D*, is used for correcting the critical hydraulic gradient value in this study. We learned the correction coefficient of D* is between 0.5~0.857 in different tests and its value approximates the reciprocal of the coefficient of uniformity. Therefore, the critical hydraulic gradient estimation formula for the slope piping of the uniform sand can be future corrected, and it can be used for estimating the graded sand in this study. In civil engineering the sand filling project can use the estimation formula of this study to calculate the critical hydraulic gradient as the reference for design and disaster prevention.
Numerical Analysis of the Recovery Rate Influence with Stowing Roadway Mining in Daizhuang Shengjian Coal Mine
Authors: Li Chun Sheng , Yu Jian Hao , An Yong Ye , Li An Qi
Published: October 2012

Daizhuang Shengjian Coal Mine has dense village above the ground. Through analyzing the process of stowing roadway mining, the author establishes a numerical calculation model about the influence of recovery rate on the mining with stowing roadway. Under the condition of fixed mining width, simulating the impact of different coal pillar width on horizontal stress of coal wall, vertical stress of coal pillar and roadway roof, at the end, according to the result of the simulation, the ratio of extraction to reservation and coal recovery ratio can be determined
Study of Improving Cleanness on Master Alloy of Energy Material
Authors: Zhao Ding Guo , Cui Xiao Jie , Wang Shu Huan , Chen Long
Published: October 2012

The largest proportion of element in master alloys were iron and pure iron smelting industrial used accounts for 70% of the total raw materials. Iron produced by secondary refining has the highest purity. If the inclusion in the raw materials is very low, inclusions in smelting amorphous master alloy would be lower. The carbon content of 0.1% in the carbon-75 ferrosilicon, but ferrosilicon dosage is small, generally is about 10%, so the carbon content in the master alloy is below 0.01%. Boron anhydride generally containing boron oxide at about 95%, the rest is mainly water, contains less impurities, the alumina content is generally below 0.1%, as well as chloride, which have little effect on master alloy smelting. Impurities in additive calcium oxide, calcium fluoride are generally below 10%, mainly are oxides, presenting in the slag in the smelting master alloys basically.
Magnetic Separation to Recover Iron Minerals from Flotation Tailings
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Tong Xiong , Yang Jian , You Jia Gui
Published: October 2012

Large amount of surrounding rocks in Jianshui China has been discarded for many years, and the “rock” is characterized by Cu-Fe poly-metallic constituents and of low grade. A joint process of flotation and magnetic separation was proposed to process the ore. This paper introduces the test results of flotation tailings by a wet drum separator. Results show that iron concentrate assaying 60.21-68.12% Fe at a recovery of 71.9-75.32% can be obtained, when the flotation tailings assays 33.91%Fe. At the same time, a joint process has put forward to make full utilize the “rock”.
Beneficiation of a Low Grade Titanomagnetite Ore in Mining Engineering
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Wang Wan Ping , Yang Jian , You Jia Gui
Published: October 2012

Beneficiation of a low-grade titanomagnetite ore containing 18.52%Fe and 6.65%TiO2 was conducted by dry and wet low intensity magnetic separators. Effects of different variables, such as magnetic intensity, grinding fineness and stages of separation, were investigated in details. The ore was firstly preconcentrated by a dry low-intensity magnetic separator (DLMS) at a magnetic intensity of 2500Oe, and then ground to -0.074mm 53%, followed by a wet low-intensity magnetic separator (WLMS) to recover iron minerals. An iron concentrate assaying 49.22% Fe can be obtained at a recovery of 46.23%. The concentrate was further ground to -0.074mm 70%, followed by two stages of WLMS, and a marketable iron concentrate assaying 56.24% Fe and 9.44% TiO2 can be obtained at the recovery of 42.89% and 20.69%, separately. Tailings assaying 6.48% TiO2 with a recovery of 79.31% is subject to be further recovered.
Study on Low-Temperature Oxidation’s Endothermic Character of Coal with Comparative-Oxidation Method
Authors: Lu Chang , Liang Yuan Qing , Li Hui Hui
Published: October 2012

In this paper air was passed through into one progress temperature-controlled box with coal sample and nitrogen into another as comparison during the procedure of coal’s low-temperature （10～80°C）oxidation . Draw the heating curves and heating rate curve, and equation model is built combined with energy conservation, then concludes the heat release rate of the coal samples in the air conditions. The experimental results show that the condition with air is more close to the storage conditions of coal such as transportation in reality, which is very significant to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coals
Thermodynamic Research of Inclusion Forming in FeSiB Alloy Based on Energy Materials
Authors: Zhao Ding Guo , Cui Xiao Jie , Wang Shu Huan , Zhang He Jun
Published: October 2012

The thermodynamic analysis shown that oxygen content in master alloy is very low, so other alloy elements content which are balance to oxygen are relatively high. In the amorphous master alloy, deoxidizing capacity of silicon is stronger than boron, and with process of decrease of the temperature, oxygen content decrease. The silicon in the master alloy can also take off the oxygen content below 1 ppm. Denitrification capacity of boron is stronger than silicon, and with process of decrease of the temperature, nitrogen content decrease. The boron in the master alloy can also take off the nitrogen content below 4 ppm. All of the research are based on energy materials and it will be useful for the development for energy saving.
Neural Model of the Producing Process for Predicting Filtration Properties of Melt Blowing Nonwovens
Authors: Zhao Bo
Published: October 2012

The filtration properties of melt blowing nonwovens are affected by the pore structure of nonwovens which is strongly related to the processing parameters. However, it is difficult to establish physical models on the relationship between the processing parameters and filtration properties. In this work, the ANN model is established for predicting the filtration properties of melt blowing nonwovens from the processing parameters. The results reveal that the ANN method is really an effective and viable modeling technique. This method can exactly predict the filtration properties because the results are good enough
Tribological Behavior of Ball-Milled Expanded Graphite/B Powders in a High-Energy Mill
Authors: Li Yu Shan
Published: October 2012

A mixture of expanded graphite (EG) and boron was ball-milled in a high-energy mill. The microstructure of the milled EG/B powders was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological behavior of the milled powders used as lubricating additive was investigated by using a tribo-tester, and the morphology of the worn tribo-surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the powders used as lubricating additive have an obvious anti-friction and wear resistance effect, and the lager the applied load, the lower the friction coefficient and the wear severity.
Preparation and Properties of Magnesium Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy Mg2NiH4 in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Liu Lei Li , Xin Jing Jing , Ma Feng
Published: October 2012

Mg2NiH4 was prepared by replacement-diffusion method, and its structure was determined by XRD、ICP and DSC-TG. The influence of Mg2NiH4 on the thermal decomposition behaviour for ammonium perchlorate (AP) was carried out by thermal analysis (DSC). Results show that Mg2NiH4 has obvious catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP. This catalytic effect of Mg2NiH4 was enhanced with its increase in content, and the DSC heat release for AP was on its biggest value when the content of Mg2NiH4 was 30%. With the increase of hydrogen storage, the catalytic effect of Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloys became stronger.
Effect of Stabilizer and Molding Technics in Chemical Engineering on the Stabilization of Sulfate Rich Soil
Authors: Deng Xiao Xuan , Dai Lei , Huang Xin
Published: October 2012

In chemical engineering field, ettringite (AFt) formation effect the stabilization of sulfate rich soil mixed with cementitious materials. The different stabilizer compositions and twice molding technics may avoid and repair the destruction caused by AFt with decreasing the production rate of calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H) and eliminating the void in stabilized soils. The results show that the strength of stabilized 5% sodium sulfate bearing soils, under above methods, are not less than that of the control ones, and the specimens keep steady after soaking in 5% sodium sulfate solution for 12 weeks.
Determination of β -Sitosterol with Chemical Course and Material Applications in Jatropha Seed Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Maihemuti Anaerguli
Published: October 2012

A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to identify and measure theβ-sitosterol with chemical course and material applications in jatropha seed oil. The stigmasterol was isolated with a good selectivity by HPLC employing reversed phase C18 columns. The components were separated by mobile phase of methanol-water (99/1, v/v) and detected at 205nm. The quantitation of the stigmasterol was reproducible and the method relative standard deviation is 1.1%. The mean analytical recovery was 96.2%.
A Kinetic Study on the Degradation of Erythromycin A in Acetone Solution with Chemical Technology
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Zhu Jia Wen
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this experiment is to know the stability of erythrocin and determine the rate constant by the study of degradation of erythromycin with chemical technology. HPLC method was used for the determination of erythromycin. The degradation of erythromycin are studied at pH=7,pH=8,pH=9 and pH=10 respectively. Experiment results show that the rate of decline of erythromycin followed by pH=10>pH=9>pH=8>pH=7 in the different pH buffer solution. The rate constants are 0.0022h-1 and 0.0088h-1 at pH=8 and pH=9 respectively.
The Study of Epoxidation of Allyl Chloride Catalyzed by Silica-Based HTMS-3A in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Liu Xue Peng
Published: October 2012

Epoxidation of allyl chloride catalyzed by silica-based HTMS-3A was studied in chemical engineering. Under the selected conditions，the conversion of allyl chloride reached 65.6%，the yield and selectivity of epichlorohydrin were 63.9% and 97.6%，the yield of glycerol and heavier by-products were1.5% and 0.2% respectively. The stability of silica-based HTMS-3A in epoxidation of allyl chloride was studied: the conversion of allyl chloride decreased from 65.6% to 58.9%.The activity of the deactivated catalyst may be recovered by washing with hot acetone，or by calcinations
Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole and Carbon Nanotubes Film Modified Electrode for Dopamine Recognition
Authors: Zhang Fei Fei , Wang Zong Hua , Xia Jian Fei , Xia Yan Zhi , Cai Feng , Li Yan Hui
Published: October 2012

A novel film of overoxidized polypyrrole and carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWNTs) was fabricated with molecular imprinted technique for dopamine by a direct and facile electropolymerization method. The resulting modified electrode surface was characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the modified electrode not only possessed a good sensitivity but also exhibited a high selectivity toward DA which making anodic potential difference of DA and AA is 318 mV in DPV. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of the dopamine biosensor ranges from 5.0×10−8 to 6.0×10−6 mol/L with a detection limit of 5.0×10−9 mol/L
Sensitive Simultaneously Determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by Polypyrrole/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode
Authors: Wang Zong Hua , Zhang Fei Fei , Xia Jian Fei , Xia Yan Zhi , Cai Feng , Li Yan Hui
Published: October 2012

A new functionalized composites (PPy/c-MWNT) by carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotube (c-MWNT) with polypyrrole (PPy) was studied. PPy/c-MWNT modified glassy carbon electrode (PPy/c-MWNT/GCE) for determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was described by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). PPy/c-MWNT/GCE greatly improved the sensitivity of determining Cd2+ and Pb2+. The striping peak currents changed linearly with the concentration of Cd2+ from 1.0×10-4 to 2.0×10-7 mol/L for an accumulation time of 400 s, and Pb2+ from 1.0×10-4 to 1.0×10-7 mol/L. The high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of the PPy/c-MWNT/GCE demonstrated its practical application for a simple, rapid and economical determination of trace level of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in water samples
An Empirical Study of Energy Industry with Energy Materials and an Indexing System
Authors: Xue Wei Xian , Guo Rong
Published: October 2012

Since energy saving and energy materials is becoming a hot theme, the new energy industry is developing quickly in China, but it is vague how to develop in the future. So a technology foresight to new energy industry is important for energy saving and energy materials. In this paper, an indexes system for technology foresight of new energy industry is built. An empirical study is given through Shaanxi’s data, and the technology fields and tasks of new energy industry during future five years are forecasted by questionnaire survey and Delphi method. This study can provide government helpful advices to regulate development trend and adjust structure of energy industry and energy saving.
Experimental Study of Mix Proportion on Masonry Mortar’s Common Strength Grade in Material Engineering and its Application
Authors: Huang Hong Liang , Zhang Hui Fang , Li Yan Fang , Ma Guo Qing , Li Min Feng
Published: October 2012

It based the common strength grade of masonry mortar in construction works on two mixing materials that include composite paste and fly ash paste and an admixture. It spent nearly a year's time on the trial distribution, mixing, forming, form removal, maintenance, measuring strength and adjusting the mix ratio. It’s aimed for seeking the optimum mix proportion of masonry mortar through the comparative analysis of strength of Various proportions of masonry mortar, Promotion and application to be in material engineering.
Membrane Formation Mechanism for Water-Solvent-PVDF Systems and Membrane Structure for Ultrafiltration Application
Authors: Zuo Dan Ying , Li Hong Jun
Published: October 2012

Through immersion precipitation phase inversion, poly(vinyldiene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes applied in ultrafiltration were prepared. The influences of four solvents on the phase separation of PVDF casting solutions and membrane structure were discussed by mechanism of skin-sublayer two steps precipitation. The results showed that the delayed solid-liquid demixing occurred in the skin layer under the control of the thermodynamics of casting solutions, and the dense skin layer formed with spherical or dendritic crystals. The phase separation behaviors of the sublayers were controlled by the kinetic diffusion (DW-S/DS-W).
Toxicity of Plant Extract Mixtures on Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) with Biomaterials and Material Applications
Authors: Lü Jian Hua , Su Xin Hong , Du Yue Guang
Published: October 2012

The bioactivity of two plant extract mixtures on Lasioderma serricorne adults were investigated. As biomateriasls, the two plant extract mixtures had potent contact toxicity and fumigant toxicity against L. serricorne adults, which significantly increased with increasing treatment dosages. The toxicity of plant extract mixtureⅡ was stronger than that of plant extract mixture. For the contact toxicity, the LD50 values of plant extract mixtureⅠ and plant extract mixture Ⅱ were 2.89 and 1.37 µL/cm2, respectively. For the fumigant toxicity, the LD50 values of plant extract mixtureⅠ and plant extract mixture Ⅱ were 284.42 and 82.95 µL/L air, respectively.
Study on Change in Ripening of Cheddar-Type Cheese with Application of Biomaterials - Cowmilk and Soymilk Blends from Different Starters
Authors: Li Li , Zong Xu Yan , Yang Zhen Nai , Zhang Li
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the application of biomaterials soy protein and experiment starters effected the composition, proteolysis, and sensory properties of Cheddar-type cheese. The result showed the addition of soy protein increased the content of protein, decreased the content of fat, Experiment starters reached the similar proteolysis capability to commercial starters, and had significant influence on sensory characteristics of the adding soy milk cheese. Adding soy milk cheese used experiment starters had been successfully produced, and got the highest protein hydrolyze and sensory scores to Chinese consumers.
Effects of Sustained Elevated Temperature on Concrete Properties in Material Engineering and its Applications
Authors: Quan Hong Zhu
Published: October 2012

This paper presents the results of experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of sustained elevated temperature on concrete. In this experiment, concrete with 4 types of cement, low-heat portland cement, blast-furnace slag cement and fly-ash cement were tested for strength without seal after sustained temperature exposure in the range of 20 to 300°C. Compressive strengths did not decline linearly with temperature and were minimal at around 50°C, showing 20% reduction, which associated with inter-mediate weight loss of 3%. Reductions in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were greater than compressive strength.
Study on a Unified Schematic Model of Elementary Particles: Leptons, Photons and Quarks in Material Engineering and its Applications
Authors: He Ji Hua
Published: October 2012

Leptons and quarks are the elementary particles constituting all of matter. Here we show a unified schematic model of leptons, photons and quarks with certain structures and sizes. We thought all matters are time variant three dimensional electromagnetic fields. We used a Taiji spinor to describe the neutrinos, two Taiji spinors to describe electrons, muons, taus and photons, three Taiji spinors to describe quarks. We found there are same couple coefficients of leptons and quarks in each same generation while there are different couple coefficients between leptons and quarks of three generations. The electromagnetic fields of spin 1/2 leptons and quarks are all divergent, so every particle sends out energy at all times. The study of the structures of these elementary particles will contribute to the use of nuclear energy material.
Properties Investigation for Single-Defect Square-Lattice Photonic Crystal Slab Cavity in Crystal Material Application
Authors: Qiu Peng , Wang Guang Long , Lu Jiang Lei , Wang Hong Pei
Published: October 2012

Compact and high-quality cavities are essential building blocks in constructing nano-photonic systems and quantum information systems. So, it is important in understanding the properties of localized modes produced by disorder in two-dimensional photonic crystals cavity. Single defect square lattice photonic crystal slab cavity is taken as the investigation object, the relationship between structure parameters (lattice constant a, radius of hole r and slab thickness) and properties parameters (quality factor Qt, effective mode volume Vmode) is discussed for a optimization design of high performance cavity. The results of this investigation are useful reference for single defect square lattice photonic crystal slab cavity in photonic crystal material application.
Application Research of Fibrous Ultrafine TiO2 Particles in Drilling Fluid
Authors: Cao Xiao Chun , Li Yan Yu , Ma Guang Kuo , Ke Kun
Published: October 2012

The best condition of experiment was got from orthogonal and particle image analysis. The final experiment titanium dioxide (TiO2) fiber was made using high temperature firing. The final products were added into drilling fluids to test their effects on the performance of the drilling fluids. The results of different dosage in the drilling fluids were compared.
Improvement of the Activity of Naringinase by Covalent Immobilization on Sodium Alginate in Biomaterial Engineering and its Applications
Authors: Lei Sheng Jiao , Pan Si Yi
Published: October 2012

Naringinase using different methods to immobilize in alginate sodium have been studied. The results showed that adopting 3% sodium alginate as carrier and using the method of covalent immobilization through 2.0% glutaraldehyde were optimized. The retained activity of immobilized naringinase could reach 129.64% under optimal conditions. Moreover, the retained activity of immobilized naringinase increases with decreasing concentration of naringinase solution. This is a promising result of lowering production cost for future application of immobilized naringinase in biomaterial engineering. On seven consecutive repeated use of immobilized naringinase, 90% retained activity were observed. Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vm) were calculated for the free and immobilized enzyme systems. Effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity were estimated.
A Thermal Fatigue Life Prediction Method of Aluminum Alloy Piston in Material Application Engineering
Authors: He Yu Tong
Published: October 2012

In this paper, based on the Manson-Coffin fatigue theory, a thermal fatigue life prediction method for aluminum alloy engine piston is established, by introducing the nonlinear functions between the fatigue strength coefficient, fatigue continuation coefficient and elastic modulus with temperature. Compared with the results from the linear elastic model and the linear plastic model application, this nonlinear thermal fatigue life prediction method’s results fit much better to the experimental results, which means that this method is more accurate and credible than the other models.
Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Zr-4 Alloy in Material Application Area
Authors: Lin Guo Qing
Published: October 2012

The hot deformation behavior of Zr-4 alloy was studied in the temperature range 650-900°C and strain rate range 0.005-50s-1 using processing maps. The processing maps revealed three domains: the first occurs in the temperature range 780-820°C and strain rate range 0.005-0.05s-1, and has a peak efficiency of 45% at 790°C and 0.005s-1; the mechanism is the dynamic recrystallization. The second occurs in the temperature range greater than 900°C and strain rate range 0.05-0.8s-1, and has a peak efficiency of 40% at 900°C and 0.5s-1, which are the domains of dynamic recovery. In addition, the instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps in the temperature range 650-780°C and strain rate range 0.01-0.1s-1, which should be strictly avoided in the processing of the material. Zr-4 alloy is the material for pressure tube applications in nuclear reactors and has better strength and a lower rate of hydrogen uptake compared to other materials under similar service conditions.
Application of Corrosion Detection and Repair Technology of Long-Distance Pipeline in Material Application Engineering
Authors: Zhao Xiao Dong , Xi Guang Feng , Yang Jie
Published: October 2012

As special equipment, long-distance pipeline is widely used in petroleum, chemistry and other fields. However, with the extension of its running time, some problems have arisen with parts of the pipeline. The detection and repair technology is the foundation for assurance of the safe operation of pipelines; therefore, in order to avoid or reduce pipeline accidents as well as to protect people's lives and property safety, periodic detection and designed reasonable repair of the pipeline has naturally become an important part of pipeline industry today. Several commonly used inspection techniques of pipeline were introduced in this paper and related repair measures were described in view of problems emerging during the service life of long-distance pipeline in the practical engineering.
Evaluation of Antifouling Paints Based on Chloric Polymer with Nano-Titanium Dioxide Addition in Material Application Engineering
Authors: Zhao Xiao Dong , Yang Jie
Published: October 2012

Attachment and biofouling of marine microbes or organisms have influence on the reliability, service life and environmental adaptability of marine ships. Based on the photocatalysis effect of nano-titanium dioxide and the sterilization ability of cuprous oxide, low toxicity and effective marine antifouling paints were prepared with the utilization of excellent performance of chloric polymer. Evaluation of biofouling resistance was carried out by the laboratory method. Fluorescent microscopy observation indicated that the paints had a good capacity of inhibition to growth of diatoms and spores. Results of influence of different coating area and concentration showed the inhibition capacity of nano-titanium dioxide and cuprous oxide in the paints on biological growth respectively and jointly.
Environmental Evaluation for Three Typical Steel Pipe Production Processes Based on Energy Materials and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Su Wei , Ma Hong Zhi , Ma Yu Hui , Wang Qun Hui , Chen Xing Yu
Published: October 2012

Steel pipe applications are more widely used, but there are no comparative analysises about the environmental impact and energy consum of steel pipe and its production processes. This article investigated the environmental implications of three typical steel pipe production processes based on energy materials and life cycle assessment perspective. We modeled scenarios, calculated energy consumed and six aspects which classified as GWP, ODP, AP, EP, POCP and DUST. The rank of energy consumed in descending order is C-Pipe> H-Pipe> W-Pipe. Welded steel pipe is the best energy-friendly material in term of energy consumption. The rank of impact potential according to normalized results in descending order is GWP>AP>DUST>EP>POCP>ODP. The rank of impact potential according to weight factor in descending order is AP>DUST>GWP>ODP>EP>POCP. Acid Potential is the most significant factor. The weight factor of AP is almost twice as much as that of GWP. In environmental terms, the environmental depletion index of welded pipe production process is lowest with minimal environmental impact and the cold drawn pipe production process the highest with largest environmental impact. Welded steel pipe is the best environment-friendly material in term of environmental impact. Utilization of green energy and waste heat can effectively reduce the environmental implications for both hot rolling pipe and cold drawn pipe production processes.
Characteristics of Cellulose from Lespedeza stalks Steam Pretreated with Low Severity Steam and Post-Treatment by Alkaline Peroxide for Energy Production
Authors: Xing Yang , Liu Lv Yang , Su Zhao Qin , Zhu Li Wei , Jiang Jian Xin
Published: October 2012

Lespedeza crytobotrya is a shrub species with properties of substantial biomass and widely distributes in the desert region of China. The cellulose separated from Lespedeza after pre-treatment can be enzymatic hydrolyzed into glucose for ethanol or other chemicals production, which are important renewable fuels or raw material for other material synthesis. Moreover it also can be used for cellulosic material production. So it is necessary to evaluate the cellulose of Lespedeza crytobotrya before its utilization. In this study four cellulosic fractions were isolated by pretreatment with low severity steam and post-treatment with alkaline peroxide. They were comparatively studied by sugar analysis and the average degree of polymerization. After alkaline peroxide post-treatment, the hemicelluloses in the cellulosic fractions were removed markedly. The treatment intensity had a profound effect on the average degree of polymerization, which was increased firstly and then decreased. A combination of low severity steam pretreatment and alkaline peroxide post-treatment is an effective method for Lespedeza stalks to obtain high glucose yield.
Study on Village Scale Land Ecological Suitability Evaluation Based on Green Energy Materials and Applications - A Case Study Based on Gulou Village
Authors: Tong Ju Er , Wu Ci Fang , Wang Hui , Li Qian
Published: October 2012

In order to explore the energy land space, protect the environment, optimize the allocation of land resources, land use planning should be established based on land suitability evaluation. This paper aimed to propose the GIS spatial overlay method for the village-scale land suitability assessment and apply on Gulou Village of Taizhou City. Based on the research results, the paper pointed out the bio-energy land expansion area and proposed the coordination of environmental protection, ecological maintenance and economic construction to optimize the land resource planning and environmental protection for Gulou Village.
Deliberation towards Explanation of Coriolis Force in Geography Study Based on Energy Saving and Applications of Energy Materials
Authors: Liu Hong Li , Gong Teng Fei
Published: October 2012

Coriolis force is the deflection force of the earth's rotation, which affects the movement of objects on Earth and has widely impact on the Geography study. The Coriolis force influences widely in the geological phenomena, such as geology, hydrology, and meteorology, which is useful for energy saving and applications of enery materials. However, its explaination with latitude and longitude lines is open to question in Geography. In this paper, based on experimental energy saving and applications of energy materials, we analysis Coriolis force from Mechanical, then lead into the concept of the Coriolis force, point and analyzed the lack of the explaination with latitude and longitude lines, and give a new method to explain the Coriolis force from experimental view.
Water Sorption and Percolation for Proton-Conducting Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Jia Bin , Yin Yan , Wu Jiang Ping , Zhang Jing , Jiao Kui , Du Qing
Published: October 2012

The relationship between water sorption behavior and proton conduction in polymer electrolyte membranes based on sulfonated polyimide electrolyte membranes is studied from view points of polymer structure, ion exchange capacity, and percolation theory. The results indicate that the polymer chemical structure and ion exchange capacity show significant effects on water sorption and thus proton conductivity for various membranes. The density values of wet membranes decreased gradually with an increase in water uptake. Polymer electrolytes with flexible side-chain terminated with sulfonic acid group displayed smaller percolation threshold compared with main-chain-type polymer, indicating a better microphase-separation structure.
Fabrication of Ag-InVO4 Thin Films and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Zhuo
Published: October 2012

InVO4 films were supported on glass springs via a sol-gel method. Ultrafine Ag nanoparticles, with a particle size of 5~10nm, were deposited on the surface of InVO4 films by a photoreduction process. XRD results revealed that high temperature phase of InVO4 (orthorhombic phase) could be obtained at a relatively low temperature (<500°C). The surface of InVO4 films was rough with numerous small grooves and edges. The visible light induced photocatalytic activity of InVO4 films increased by deposition of Ag nanoparticles. Under visible light irradiation, the excited electrons in conduction band of InVO4 could be trapped by small Ag particles, thus limiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.
Kinetic Investigations of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil and Ethanol by Transesterification in Biomaterial and its Application
Authors: Chen Jin Si , Hu Xian Guo , Wang Xiang Yang , Xu Yu Fu , Hu En Zhu
Published: October 2012

The kinetics of transesterification for biodiesel produced by cottonseed oil and ethanol in catalyst (potassium hydroxide) was investigated. The reaction of transesterification can be described by pseudo second order model for the initial stages of the reaction, followed by zero order reaction. The reaction rate constants for transestentcation of cottonseed oil with ethanol at 40°C, 60°C and 78°C are 0.0996, 0.1126and0.1286 L•mol-1/min-1 respectively, and the activation energy of transesterification is 21.6075kJ/mol．
Study on Digital Camouflage Tent Cloth and its Application with Pigment Printing
Authors: Yu Jun , Hu Zhi Yi
Published: October 2012

Based on camouflage performance of military tents, camouflage pigments with four colors are chosen. In order to obtain the good camouflage effect, the digital camouflage pattern is designed as well as based on basic features including main colors and texture of the target background. The camouflage pattern is printed on tent cloths with the pigments using rotary screen printing. The tent made from the tent cloth is located in the typical target background. Finally the camouflage effect of the tent is evaluated. The experimental result shows that, the digital camouflage tent is much easier to blend with the natural background, and achieves a good effect of the optical camouflage.
Residual Stress Simulation in Multi-Pass Weld of Stainless Steel Pipes
Authors: Gao Long Shi
Published: October 2012

Multi-pass welds are used in pipes with stainless steel. The complicated temperature field and residual stresses in these welded structures are very important. The finite element method is used to simulate residual stress in multi-pass butt-welds in this paper. Element birth technique is implemented to model multi-pass welded 304 Stainless Steel Pipes. One-way coupled Thermo-mechanical analysis is adopted to calculate the residual stresses, that the structural analysis takes the temperature distributions as thermal input. The results provide reference for the structure integrity assessment of welded pipes.
Application of Water Reducing Agent in Concrete of Engineering Materials
Authors: Zhang Hui Fang , Huang Hong Liang , Sun Ying Fei , Zhang Li Fang , Yao Bao Xin
Published: October 2012

In this paper, in order to discuss the compatibility of cement and different kinds of water reducers, three kinds of water reducers which were selected to use in the mix proportion of Jing Shi Special Passenger Line were chosen. Tests of cement paste and concrete of Portland cement (P∙O42.5) were carried out under different temperature, because this kind of cement is widely used in the current projects. Results show that polycarboxylic series water reducer, compared with naphthalene series water reducer, have properties of high compatibility, low mixing amount, high water-reducing rate and low slump loss of concrete. So it is more suitable to prepare concrete with fly ash and more beneficial to increase the strength of concrete.
The Development of Free of Chrome of Basic Refractory Materials for Cement Kiln and its Applications in Engineering
Authors: Zhang Hui Fang , Huang Hong Liang , Zhang Li Fang , Sun Ying Fei , Zhao Fei
Published: October 2012

This paper introduces the domestic and international evolution of refractory for cement rotary kiln and the situation of development for basic refractory. Also it introduces the usage and advantages and disadvantages of the high alumina brick, magnesia chrome brick, dolomite brick, magnesia spinel brick, magnesia zirconia brick. Refractory for cement kiln develops towards the direction of free of chromium, and it points out the development prospect of re-bonded magnesium zirconium refractory material .
Study on Properties of Re-Bonded Magnesium Zirconium Refractory Materials and Materials Application
Authors: Zhang Hui Fang , Huang Hong Liang , Zhang Li Fang , Sun Ying Fei , Zhao Fei
Published: October 2012

Nineteen eighties, the sintering zone of cement rotary kiln and transition belt use main magnesia chrome brick because of its excellent performance, but the Cr6+ is carcinogenicity, which causes great harm to the air, water pollution, animal or human. Therefore, new basic refractory material of free of chrome began to be developed. This test, the raw material is made up of fused magnesite particles (particle size 0 to 3 mm), fine fused magnesite powder with the size less than 200 meshes and fine fused magnesia-zirconia’s powder with the size less than 320 meshes, polyvinyl alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate liquor being used as the combiner. This paper discusses the effect of sinter temperature on sinter character of products.
Study of Forging Forming of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Bicycle Pedal
Authors: Chen Dyi Cheng , Nian Fung Ling , Shiu Jiun Ru , Ku Wen Hsuan
Published: October 2012

Forging is simple and inexpensive in mass production. Metallic materials are processed through plastic deformation. This not only changes the appearance but also changes the internal organization of materials that improve mechanical properties. However, regarding manufacturing of plastic products, many processing factors must be controlled to obtain the required plastic strain and desired tolerance values. In this paper, we employed rigid-plastic finite element (FE) DEFORMTM software to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of an aluminum alloy (A7075) workpiece as it used to forge bicycle pedals. First we use Solid works 2010 3D graphics software to design the bicycle pedal of the mold and appearance, moreover import finite element (FE) DEFORMTM 3D software for analysis. The paper used rigid-plastic model analytical methods, and assuming mode to be rigid body. A series of simulation analyses in which the variables depend on different temperatures of the forging billet, round radius size of ram, punch speed, and mold temperature were revealed to confirm the predicted aluminum grain structure, effective stress, effective strain, and die radial load distribution for forging a bicycle pedal. The analysis results can provide references for forming bicycle pedal molds. Finally, this study identified the finite element results for high-strength design suitability of a 7075 aluminum alloy bicycle pedal.
Drill-Path Optimization with Time Limit and Thermal Protection
Authors: Yang Haw Ching , Liu Kun Jen , Hung Min Hsiung
Published: October 2012

The drilling of the printed circuit board (PCB) is a critical process due to occupying a third of the total PCB production time. This study integrates the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm and the bi-objective multi-population genetic algorithm (BMGA) for deriving a near-optimal drilling path to reduce the drilling time, to protect product from overheating, and to balance the loading of the drill axes. Firstly, the holing coordinates are parsed from a CNC drilling program, clustered with the K-NN algorithm, which divides the global holes into several areas with local holes. Next, the local holes are classified and reconnected using 1-NN algorithm and BMGA, respectively. The BMGA fitness function is adjusted to eliminate overheating and unbalancing through drill jumping to ensure product quality. Finally, the near-optimal drilling paths can be derived within the time limit by checking a stable factor. The practical values of BMGA have already been demonstrated in 20 PCB samples. By including the thermal protection and the load balancing constraints and resolving the optimal path within an acceptable time limit, i.e. 30 min, this method can reduce the drilling length by an average of 15.5% compared to the original drilling length if the number of holes to be drilled is less than 5k. For cases with the number of holes between 5k and 20k, the average length of the drilling paths can be reduced to 25.6% of the original length. Moreover, the thermal protection maintains the samples with mean yield 99.8%.